bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy of Morellia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae): revision of the subgenera Morellia s. str. and Parapyrellia Townsend
Authors: PAMPLONA DENISE , NIHEI SILVIO S. , COURI MÁRCIA S. , PONT ADRIAN C.
Published: September 2016

The subgenera Morellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and Parapyrellia Townsend, 1915 of Morellia (Diptera, Muscidae) are revised. Forty-two species of the subgenus Morellia (out of 50) and seven of the subgenus Parapyrellia (all species) are redescribed and illustrated, and 48 species are keyed (41 spp. of Morellia and 7 spp. of Parapyrellia). Morellia (M.) cashmirana van Emden, 1965, originally described as a subspecies of M. (M.) hortorum (Fallén, 1817), is raised to species rank, stat. nov. Four species are transferred from the subgenus Morellia to the subgenus Parapyrellia (subgen. comb. nov.): M. dendropanacis Pamplona & Couri, 1995; M. lopesae Pamplona, 1986; M. roppai Pamplona, 1986 and M. semimarginata (Stein, 1918).
Kirkegaardia (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae), new name for Monticellina Laubier, preoccupied in the Rhabdocoela, together with new records and descriptions of eight previously known and sixteen new species from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans
Authors: BLAKE JAMES A.
Published: September 2016

A new name, Kirkegaardia, is proposed to replace Monticellina Laubier, 1961, a bitentaculate cirratulid polychaete genus, that is a junior homonym of the turbellarian Monticellina Westblad, 1953 (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela). In addition, the opportunity is taken to complete a major revision of the genus including the redescription, revalidation, and separation of three species previously referred to synonymy with K. dorsobranchialis (Kirkegaard, 1959) and five other previously described species. In addition, 16 new species are described from the western North Atlantic, eastern and central Pacific, off western South America, and seas around Antarctica, bringing the total number of species in the genus to 38. Included are two new species of the unusual mud ball worms, first reported as Tharyx luticastellus Jumars, 1975, from southern California deep basins. A review of all 38 species reveals that three distinct species groups may be identified within the genus in addition to 5–6 species that may eventually be referred elsewhere. This review includes a discussion of the taxonomic characters and various newly defined character states that are found among species of Kirkegaardia. Several of these are unique among the Cirratulidae.
WMO World Record Lightning Extremes: Longest Reported Flash Distance and Longest Reported Flash Duration
Authors: Lang Timothy J. , Pédeboy Stéphane , Rison William , Cerveny Randall S. , Montanyà Joan , Chauzy Serge , MacGorman Donald R. , Holle Ronald L. , Ávila Eldo E. , Zhang Yijun , Carbin Gregory , Mansell Edward R. , Kuleshov Yuriy , Peterson Thomas C. , Brunet Manola , Driouech Fatima , Krahenbuhl Daniel S.
Published: September 2016

A World Meteorological Organization weather and climate extremes committee has judged that the world’s longest reported distance for a single lightning flash occurred with a horizontal distance of 321 km (199.5 mi) over Oklahoma in 2007, while the world’s longest reported duration for a single lightning flash is an event that lasted continuously for 7.74 s over southern France in 2012. In addition, the committee has unanimously recommended amendment of the AMS Glossary of Meteorology definition of lightning discharge as a “series of electrical processes taking place within 1 s” by removing the phrase “within 1 s” and replacing it with “continuously.” Validation of these new world extremes 1) demonstrates the recent and ongoing dramatic augmentations and improvements to regional lightning detection and measurement networks, 2) provides reinforcement regarding the dangers of lightning, and 3) provides new information for lightning engineering concerns.
Are Sudden Stratospheric Warmings Generic? Insights from an Idealized GCM
Authors: Jucker Martin
Published: September 2016

This work examines the life cycle of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) from composites of a large number of events. The events are sampled from idealized general circulation model (GCM) integrations and form a database of several hundred major, displacement, splitting, and weak vortex events. It is shown that except for a few details, the generic zonal-mean evolution does not depend on the definition used to detect SSWs. In all cases, the composites show the stratosphere in a positive annular mode phase prior to the events and a barotropic response in the stratosphere at onset. There is a clear positive peak in upward Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux prior to the onset date in the stratosphere and a much weaker peak in the troposphere, making the evolution more consistent with the picture of the stratosphere acting as a variable filter of tropospheric EP flux, rather than SSWs being forced by a strong “burst” in the troposphere. When comparing composites of SSWs from the database with apparent influence at the surface (downward “propagating”) to those without such influence, the only significant differences are a somewhat more barotropic response at the onset date and longer persistence in the lower stratosphere after the onset for propagating SSWs. There is no significant difference in EP flux between propagating and nonpropagating events, and none of the definitions considered here shows a particular skill in selecting propagating events.
The Microphysical Properties of Small Ice Particles Measured by the Small Ice Detector-3 Probe during the MACPEX Field Campaign
Authors: Schmitt Carl G. , Schnaiter Martin , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Yang Ping , Hirst Edwin , Bansemer Aaron
Published: September 2016

A reliable understanding of the microphysical properties of ice particles in atmospheric clouds is critical for assessing cloud radiative forcing effects in climate studies. Ice particle microphysical properties such as size, shape, and surface roughness all have substantial effects on the single-scattering characteristics of the particles. A recently developed ice particle probe, the Small Ice Detector-3 (SID-3), measures the two-dimensional near-forward light-scattering patterns of sampled ice particles. These scattering patterns provide a wealth of information for understanding the microphysical and radiative characteristics of ice particles. The SID-3 was operated successfully on 12 aircraft flights during the NASA Midlatitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment (MACPEX) field campaign in April 2011. In this study, SID-3 measurements are used to investigate the frequency of occurrence of a number of ice particle properties observed during MACPEX. Individual scattering patterns (7.5°–23°) are used to infer properties of the observed particles as well as to calculate partial scattering functions (PSFs) for ensembles of particles in the measured size range (~5–100 μm). PSFs are compared to ray-tracing-based phase functions to infer additional properties of the particles. Two quantitative values—halo ratio and steepness ratio—are used to characterize PSFs. The MACPEX dataset suggests that most atmospheric ice particles have rough surfaces or are complex in nature. PSFs calculated for particles that were characterized as having smooth surfaces also appeared to more closely resemble rough crystal PSFs. PSFs measured with SID-3 compare well with those calculated for droxtals with rough surfaces.
Vessel Size and Long-Term Outcomes After Limus-Based Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation Focusing on Medium- and Small-Diameter Vessels
Authors: Hsieh I-Chang , Hsieh Ming-Jer , Chang Shang-Hung , Wang Chao-Yung , Lee Cheng-Hung , Yang Chia-Hung , Chen Dong-Yi , Tsai Ming-Lung , Chen Chun-Chi
Published: September 2016

Introduction:

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of limus-based drug-eluting stent (DES) implanted in medium or small coronary vessels during a very long-term follow-up period.

Methods:

A total of 2383 patients treated with 2916 limus-based DES between April 2003 and March 2015 were evaluated. The enrolled patients were stratified into 3 groups according to the reference vessel diameter: group A: ≤2.5 mm; group B: 2.51 to 3.00 mm; group C: 3.01 to 3.50 mm.

Results:

Group A had a significantly higher loss index and binary restenosis rate than the other 2 groups at 9 months of angiographic follow-up. Group A also had a significantly higher rate of target lesion revascularization and a lower rate of major adverse cardiovascular event–free survival than the other 2 groups after a follow-up period of 68 ± 59 months. The long-term cardiovascular event–free survival curves based on a Cox regression model showed large vessel size, and second-generation DES had better outcomes.

Conclusion:

An inverse relationship between vessel size (≤3.5 mm) and clinical outcomes was noted in patients who received limus-based DES implantation.
Morell Mackenzie’s Contribution to the Description of Spasmodic Dysphonia
Authors: Lorch Marjorie Perlman , Whurr Renata
Published: September 2016

Objectives:

Since the middle of the 20th century, most discussions of spasmodic dysphonia (SD) reference a paper by Ludwig Traube published in1871 as the first historical citation, crediting him with priority for this clinical syndrome. However, our recent research has determined that the original observation by Traube was published in 1864 and does not in fact describe what is currently recognized as SD. It appears that many clinics throughout Europe and North America were investigating and publishing observations on a range of voice disorders.

Methods:

The wider context of work on laryngeal disorders in the 1860s-1870s is considered. One of Traube’s contemporaries, Morell Mackenzie, made significant contributions to the understanding of laryngeal movement disorder and its consequences for the voice. These will be examined to gain a clearer focus on the characterization of this disorder.

Results:

The clinical descriptions published by Morrell Mackenzie in the 1860s provide details that conform quite closely to our current-day understanding of SD.

Conclusions:

The citation of Traube’s “hysterical” patient links to mid 20th–century views of the functional nature of SD and the utility of psychiatric treatment. The description presented by Mackenzie is consistent with current views of SD as a movement disorder.
Green Walls for a Restorative Classroom Environment: A Controlled Evaluation Study
Authors: van den Berg Agnes E. , Wesselius Janke E. , Maas Jolanda , Tanja-Dijkstra Karin
Published: September 2016

In the present research, we evaluated the restorative impacts of green walls with living plants in classrooms of two elementary schools using a controlled, prospective design with baseline measurements and follow-ups at 2 and 4 months. At each time of measurement, children’s ( n = 170, age = 7-10) cognitive performance, well-being, and classroom evaluations were measured with attentional tests and self-report questionnaires. Results show that children in the four classrooms where a green wall was placed, as compared with children in control groups, scored better on a test for selective attention; processing speed was not affected by the green wall. The green wall also positively influenced children’s classroom evaluations. There were no measurable effects of the green wall on children’s self-reported well-being. The green walls were generally evaluated positively during the two follow-ups. These results provide some of the first empirical support for green walls as a means for restorative classroom design.
Policy Congruence in a Competitive Authoritarian Regime: Learning from the Angolan Case
Authors: Belchior Ana Maria , Sanches Edalina Rodrigues , José Gildo Matias
Published: September 2016

Building on the theoretical proposition that congruence is as much a property to be measured in authoritarian regimes as it is in democratic regimes, the aim of this article is to understand the phenomenon of ideological and political congruence in Angola. To carry out this analysis, we rely on two original surveys, conducted in 2012 with members of parliament (MPs) and college students (voters), covering equivalent policy issues. The results, to some extent exploratory, suggest moderate levels of congruence between MPs and voters. This article contributes to the existing scholarship through a case study that escapes a golden rule in this field – i.e., it is not a democracy. Moreover, it features congruence as a potentially relevant factor in understanding dominant parties’ persistence in authoritarian settings.
“India, for the plain hell of it”: G. V. Desani’s The Indian Journal (1951–1958)
Authors: Abdul-Majid Ruksana
Published: September 2016

In October of 1951, G. V. Desani returned to India from Britain, where he had been living and working for more than a decade. Drawing on previously unexamined archival material, this article considers Desani’s return journey and experience of India through the written record he left in his unpublished travelogue, The Indian Journal (1951–1958). Reading the manuscript of the Journal as an example of “autoethnographic expression”, this study pays close attention to Desani’s engagement with the modalities of representation made familiar through the textual apparatus of earlier narratives of European exploration and travel to India, yet suggests that he enacts complex, and at times fraught negotiations with these discursive and symbolic modes of colonial space-making. Through reference to the sections of the journal recounting the formative months of his travels, where he restages psychically disruptive and spatially disorienting moments of encounter, this article explores the ways in which Desani charts the Indian environment through an alternative topography, one contrasting sharply with that conventionally narrativized in Eurocentric accounts of travel to India.
Conceptual Confusion and Potential Advances in Athlete Burnout Research
Authors: Gustafsson Henrik , Lundkvist Erik , Podlog Leslie , Lundqvist Carolina
Published: September 2016

More than 30 years of research on athlete burnout has yielded important insights and questions regarding the onset, nature, and consequences of this detrimental syndrome. Not surprisingly, burnout is considered an important matter, both from a research and practical standpoint. We comment on the work of Ryu, Ali, Kim, Choi, and Radlo, who examined the impact of burnout on cognitive performance among athletes.
A Review and Critique of Research on Same-Sex Parenting and Adoption
Authors: Schumm Walter R.
Published: September 2016

Are the outcomes for children of gay, lesbian, or bisexual parents in general the same as those for heterosexual parents? That controversial question is discussed here in a detailed review of the social science literature in three parts: (1) stability of same-sex parental relationships, (2) child outcomes, and (3) child outcomes in same-sex adoption. Relationship instability appears to be higher among gay and lesbian parent couples and may be a key mediating factor influencing outcomes for children. With respect to part 2, while parental self-reports usually present few significant differences, social desirability or self-presentation bias may be a confounding factor. While some researchers have tended to conclude that there are no differences whatsoever in terms of child outcomes as a function of parental sexual orientation, such conclusions appear premature in the light of more recent data in which some different outcomes have been observed in a few studies. Studies conducted within the past 10 years that compared child outcomes for children of same-sex and heterosexual adoptive parents were reviewed. Numerous methodological limitations were identified that make it very difficult to make an accurate assessment of the effect of parental sexual orientation across adoptive families. Because of sampling limitations, we still know very little about family functioning among same-sex adoptive families with low or moderate incomes, those with several children, or those with older children, including adolescents or how family functioning may change over time. There remains a need for high-quality research on same-sex families, especially families with gay fathers and with lower income.
Validation of a 16-Item Short Form of the Czech Version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised Questionnaire in a Representative Sample
Authors: Kaščáková Natália , Husárová Daniela , Hašto Jozef , Kolarčik Peter , Šolcová Iva Poláčková , Gecková Andrea Madarasová , Tavel Peter
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to create a shorter Czech version (ECR-R-16) of the Revised Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR-R) questionnaire and to assess its psychometric properties. Data from a representative sample of the Czech population from 15 to 90 years old ( N = 1000, M age = 46.0 years, SD = 17.3) were collected using a face-to-face structured interview in 2014. The developed short form of the Czech version of the ECR-R showed good internal consistency (alphas varied from .84 to .90), and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-dimensional model. The results also demonstrated concurrent validity with measures of neuroticism, self-esteem, and positive and negative affect. People living with a partner and people with higher educational levels had significantly lower Avoidance scores than people living alone and people with lower educational levels. It was concluded that the ECR-R-16 questionnaire has good psychometric properties and is a valid assessment method in the Czech cultural context, suitable for research and clinical studies, when the shorter form of a measure is desirable.
Making chemistry the ‘science’ of agriculture, c. 1760–1840
Authors: Jones Peter M
Published: September 2016

This paper sets out to capture the emergence between 1760 and 1840 of a recognizable science of agriculture in Europe. The first attempts to explain and to theorize husbandry as practiced on the farm emanated from economists and agronomists employing the ‘encyclopedic’ approach of the Enlightenment generation. Despite significant additions to chemical knowledge in the late eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries the task of applying this knowledge to agriculture initially appeared insurmountable. Only in the 1820s and the 1830s were the obstacles gradually removed. A more rigorous approach to experimentation and to quantification evolved, and it was combined with investment in institutions seeking to educate landowners and farmers. As a result of these developments chemists secured pride-of-place above all other professionals in the management of agriculture as the primary food-producing sector of the economy.
“A Curious Epitome of the Life of the City”: New York, Broadway, and the Evolution of the Longitudinal View
Authors: Yablon Nick
Published: September 2016

Discussions of urban representation have been hampered by a persistent contrast between the view from above and the view from street level, or between the urban planner’s panoptic gaze and the flâneur’s fleeting glance. This article challenges such contrasts by identifying a third way of representing a city, that of moving block-by-block along the length of its main thoroughfare. It traces the emergence of what it calls the “longitudinal view” back to antebellum New York, when tour guides and urban sketches promoted the “walk up Broadway” as a means to encompass the social and functional diversity of the expanding metropolis, and when visual genres such as the moving panorama and the pictorial directory offered a virtual simulation of that journey—one that echoed the perpendicular perspective of an omnibus passenger. It concludes by exploring the subsequent appropriation of the longitudinal view by artists, photographers, and filmmakers.
Stability and control of planar compass gait walking with series-elastic ankle actuation
Authors: Kerimoğlu Deniz , Morgül Ömer , Saranli Uluç
Published: September 2016

Passive dynamic walking models are capable of capturing basic properties of walking behaviours and can generate stable human-like walking without any actuation on inclined surfaces. The passive compass gait model is among the simplest of such models, consisting of a planar point mass and two stick legs. A number of different actuation methods have been proposed both for this model and its more complex extensions to eliminate the need for a sloped ground, balancing collision losses using gravitational potential energy. In this study, we introduce and investigate an extended model with series-elastic actuation at the ankle towards a similar goal, realizing stable walking on level ground. Our model seeks to capture the basic structure of how humans utilize toe push-off prior to leg liftoff, and is intended to eventually be used for controlling the ankle joint in a lower-body robotic orthosis. We derive hybrid equations of motion for this model, and show numerically through Poincaré analysis that it can achieve asymptotically stable walking on level ground for certain choices of system parameters. We then study the bifurcation regimes of period doubling with this model, leading up to chaotic walking patterns. Finally, we show that feedback control on the initial extension of the series ankle spring can be used to improve and extend system stability.
Robust optimal Hi/H∞ fault detection and its applications in a TGSCM control system
Authors: Zhong Maiying , Li Shusheng
Published: September 2016

This paper aims to deal with the problem of fault detection in a closed-loop mode for a three-axis gyro-stabilized camera mount under the consideration of unknown disturbances. First, the influences of potential actuator and sensor faults are analysed and, based on this, the faults model as well as an equivalent additive fault input are introduced. For the purpose of fault detection, an observer-based fault detection filter is considered to generate the residual. The sensitivity of the residual to fault is evaluated by the non-zero singular values of the transfer function from fault to residual, whereas the robustness to disturbance is represented by the H∞-norm of the transfer function from disturbance to residual. To obtain a maximum sensitivity/robustness ratio criterion, the design of fault detection filter is formulated as an Hi/ H∞ optimization problem and the unified solutions for the optimization criterion are given. For residual evaluation, a window evaluation function is developed and an analysis of threshold selection is given to reduce the conservativeness of fault detection. Finally, experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively detect the provided fault as soon as possible.
A Whole Other Story
Authors: Adelman Levi , Leidner Bernhard , Ünal Helin , Nahhas Eman , Shnabel Nurit
Published: September 2016

Conflict narratives, having at their core the belief that the ingroup suffered more than the outgroup (competitive victimhood), are key in maintaining conflicts. Three experiments conducted with Jewish Israelis (Study 1), Turkish Kurds (Study 2), and Americans (Study 3) tested whether conflict narratives can reduce conflict. Studies 1 and 3 showed that people respond to inclusive victimhood narratives that emphasize both ingroup and outgroup suffering with a reduction in competitive victimhood and, in turn, reduced support for aggressive policies—but only when people were relatively less concerned that acknowledgment of outgroup suffering might risk loss of third-party support. Study 2 further found that inclusive narratives reduce conflict for low-power groups, yet without being moderated by concern. Together, these studies show that inclusive victimhood narratives can reduce conflict when people are not concerned about losing third-party support. The important role of third parties in conflict resolution is discussed.
Do Companies With Effective Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting Benefit From Sarbanes–Oxley Sections 302 and 404?
Authors: Gupta Parveen P. , Sami Heibatollah , Zhou Haiyan
Published: September 2016

Post-SOX (Sarbanes–Oxley Act) academic research on internal control focuses on the characteristics of publicly listed companies disclosing material control weaknesses or the consequences experienced by these companies. However, to date, limited research has empirically examined whether these new disclosures truly enhance “public interest” by promoting “equity” in the capital markets through enhanced information distribution. In this article, we empirically investigate the impact these disclosures have on information asymmetry and related market micro-structure. We hypothesize that both the management’s and the auditor’s reporting on internal control provide outside investors additional and higher quality information about a firm’s future prospects, thereby reducing the information asymmetry in capital markets. Such reduction in information asymmetry should be reflected in decreased bid-ask spreads and price volatility, as well as increased trading volume. Our cross-sectional analyses show that, subsequent to the management’s report on internal control per Section 302, the information environment improves for U.S. firms as manifested by decreased bid-ask spread and price volatility, and increased trading volume. However, we find no similar results subsequent to the auditors’ reporting on a company’s internal control over financial reporting. In our time-series intervention analyses, about 70% of sample firms have experienced significant and permanent reductions in their bid-ask spreads subsequent to the implementation of Section 302 of SOX, in contrast to only 30% of firms subsequent to the implementation of Section 404 of SOX. Our findings point to the public policy issue of whether financial reporting quality of public companies can be improved at a lower cost.
Emotion dysregulation mediates the longitudinal relation between peer rejection and depression
Authors: Fussner Lauren M , Luebbe Aaron M , Mancini Kathryn J , Becker Stephen P
Published: September 2016

The goal of the current investigation was to test emotion dysregulation as a mechanism explaining the longitudinal association between peer rejection and depressive symptoms across 1 school year in middle childhood and to determine whether this process differed based on gender and grade. Youth in Grades 3 through 6 ( N = 131; 71 girls) and their primary school teachers ( n = 8) were recruited from a Midwestern elementary school. Youth reported on their emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms at two time points (T1 and T2), approximately 6 months apart. Teachers completed ratings of peer rejection at T1. Peer rejection at T1 predicted youth-report of depressive symptoms at T2, even after controlling for depression at T1. Moderated mediation suggested that change in emotion dysregulation mediated the relation of peer rejection to depressive symptoms over time, but only for older boys. Results underscore the importance of considering gender-specific processes within interpersonal risk models of depression, and provide support for peer rejection as a critical social process shaping emotion regulation in middle childhood.
Promoting Healthy Aging of Individuals With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Roll Anne E. , Bowers Barbara J.
Published: September 2016

This qualitative case study sought to examine an innovative community outreach nursing program designed to promote healthy aging for more than 250 individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities living in the community. We analyzed 10 in-depth interviews, one focus group, and various documents using thematic analysis. We researched why the program emerged and found the reasons to be improving the communication with primary care providers, providing person-centered health care, and building on and contributing to existing community-based programs. Findings on what the daily work of community outreach nurses with individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities entailed, included person-centered health education, advocacy for the safe return home, support for staff to understand that health issues can lead to behavior changes, and enabling social participation. This case study may inspire further research or help others develop similar programs.
Music education in Montessori schools: An exploratory study of school directors’ perceptions in the United States
Authors: Rajan Rekha S.
Published: September 2016

This exploratory study examined the changing role of music education and the availability of musical experiences for students attending Montessori schools in the Midwestern United States. On a survey instrument designed by the researcher, Montessori school directors ( N = 36) from eight states shared descriptions of the current role of music at their schools, the challenges faced when teaching music, individual perceptions of the impact of music on development, and beliefs about music as a valuable component of the curriculum. Data included responses to Likert-scale items and open-ended questions in an online survey. Analyses revealed that while school directors believed music could be used to engage students in learning or to build upon issues of multicultural understanding, opportunities for musical engagement were limited as a result of stringent budget cuts or time restrictions in the classroom. Implications are discussed in terms of including music in the Montessori classroom in ways that align with Maria Montessori’s pedagogies situated within an international context.
Real-time MRI for precise and predictable intra-arterial stem cell delivery to the central nervous system
Authors: Walczak Piotr , Wojtkiewicz Joanna , Nowakowski Adam , Habich Aleksandra , Holak Piotr , Xu Jiadi , Adamiak Zbigniew , Chehade Moussa , Pearl Monica S , Gailloud Philippe , Lukomska Barbara , Maksymowicz Wojciech , Bulte Jeff WM , Janowski Miroslaw
Published: September 2016

Stem cell therapy for neurological disorders reached a pivotal point when the efficacy of several cell types was demonstrated in small animal models. Translation of stem cell therapy is contingent upon overcoming the challenge of effective cell delivery to the human brain, which has a volume ∼1000 times larger than that of the mouse. Intra-arterial injection can achieve a broad, global, but also on-demand spatially targeted biodistribution; however, its utility has been limited by unpredictable cell destination and homing as dictated by the vascular territory, as well as by safety concerns. We show here that high-speed MRI can be used to visualize the intravascular distribution of a superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent and can thus be used to accurately predict the distribution of intra-arterial administered stem cells. Moreover, high-speed MRI enables the real-time visualization of cell homing, providing the opportunity for immediate intervention in the case of undesired biodistribution.
Networked Flow in musical bands
Authors: Gaggioli Andrea , Chirico Alice , Mazzoni Elvis , Milani Luca , Riva Giuseppe
Published: September 2016

This study aimed at using the Networked Flow (NF) model to investigate group collaboration in the context of musical bands. We analyzed the relationship between flow, social presence, structural dynamics and performance as they related to 15 bands in a rehearsal room. Flow was measured using the Flow State Scale; social presence was assessed with the Networked Minds Social Presence scale; and interpersonal communication structure (exchange of gazes and verbal orders) was assessed by means of Social Network Analysis (SNA). In addition, we considered: (a) a subjective measure of performance, rated by each member on an ad-hoc questionnaire; and (b) an expert rating of performance, based on the evaluation of audio-video recordings of each group. Findings showed the multifaceted nature of the relationship between social presence and flow. Group flow score was a significant predictor of self-reported performance, but not of expert-evaluated performance. Moreover, several correlations were found between flow, social presence and patterns of interpersonal coordination (both implicit and explicit). Specifically, SNA reveals that flow was positively related to exchanges of gazes and negatively associated with exchanges of orders. Overall, this study contributes to further elucidating the complex interplay between group flow and intersubjective dynamics in music collaboration.
A Descriptive Model of Desistance From Sexual Offending
Authors: Harris Danielle Arlanda
Published: September 2016

Despite an increasing interest in desistance from sexual offending, a comprehensive theoretical account of the process has yet to be provided. This study examines the narratives of 60 men interviewed in the community, who were incarcerated for sexual offenses and released. Recent findings from this research conclude that men desist from sexual offending, but they seldom follow the processes described by traditional criminology. In many cases, in fact, they desist in spite of their inability to pursue Sampson and Laub’s “informal social controls” or Giordano et al.’s “hooks for change.” The relentless impact of current public policies such as community notification and electronic monitoring further impedes their likelihood of experiencing Maruna’s “Pygmalion effect” or achieving true cognitive transformation or agentic change. The descriptive model introduced here identifies four styles of desistance from sexual offending: “age,” “resignation,” “rote,” and “resilience.” Relevant implications are discussed.
Agonism, critical political geography, and the new geographies of peace
Authors: Bregazzi Harry , Jackson Mark
Published: September 2016

Why does critical political geography struggle to address, and research, peace? Recent efforts in geography do seek positive accounts of peace, but we argue that critical geographies remain problematically reliant on social agonism. Dominant theoretical lenses used to address critical politics reproduce dissension as the causal grammar of critical sociality and the constitutive effect of difference. We seek an alternative account of peace and sociality. The first half of the paper diagnoses how prevailing conceptual approaches to critique privilege agonism. The second half advances a positive account of peace, without losing the critical tenor of post-foundationalist or relational political insights.
Regional Variations in Farming Household Structure for the Swedish Elderly, 1890–1908
Authors: Magnuson Mark
Published: September 2016

The theoretical Northwest European family structure does not sufficiently represent the variation found among elderly people in rural Sweden during the decades leading up to the National Pension Act of 1913. These regional variations in family types are broadly contextualized using simple but effective measures, which include simple high/low clustered analysis of the percentage of individuals over sixty in farming households with no children or grandchildren. This study presents a significant relationship between elderly family structure, levels of participation in household retirement contracts, elderly receiving public assistance, and to economic and ecological factors that have been hypothesized in prior research.
“A Noble Class of Old Maids”
Authors: Molloy Marie S.
Published: September 2016

Single, white, slaveholding women in the nineteenth-century south performed key roles within the southern family: as the “family” caregiver, maiden aunt, and in support of siblings during times of adversity, particularly during the tumultuous years of the Civil War. These women, far from being a drain on the southern family as has previously been argued, were frequently harbingers of social change and strong forces that held families together in tough social, economic, and demographic times. Through their roles in the family, and increasingly outside of it, these women gained special recognition for their contribution to the family unit, and increasingly to the community, thus enabling them to carve out new identities as capable, independent, and reliable women who dovetailed with the rise of the “Cult of Single Blessedness.” These more visible “public” roles slowly challenged preconceived ideas on female singleness, gaining single women external praise for their contributions, which led to a new recognition of singleness, and a gradual reconstruction of the boundaries of “true womanhood.”
Trends in Psychological Symptoms among Canadian Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: Gender and Socioeconomic Differences
Authors: Gariépy Geneviève , Elgar Frank J.
Published: September 2016

Objective:

To describe trends in psychological health symptoms in Canadian youth from 2002 to 2014 and examine gender and socioeconomic differences in these trends.

Method:

We used data from the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. We assessed psychological symptoms from a validated symptom checklist and calculated a symptom score (range, 0-16). We stratified our analyses by gender and affluence tertile based on an index of material assets. We then plotted trends in symptom score and calculated the probability of experiencing specific symptoms over time.

Results:

Between 2002 and 2014, psychological symptom score increased by 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 1.41), 1.08 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.37), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.55 to 1.13) points in girls in the low-, middle-, and high-affluence tertiles, respectively. In boys, psychological symptoms decreased by –0.39 (95% CI, –0.66 to –0.12) and –0.12 (95% CI, –0.43 to 0.19) points in the high- and middle-affluence tertiles, respectively, and increased by 0.30 (95% CI, –0.04 to 0.63) points in the low-affluence tertile. The probability of feeling anxious and having sleep problems at least once a week notably increased in girls from all affluence groups, while the probability of feeling depressed and irritable decreased among boys from the high-affluence tertile.

Conclusion:

Psychological symptoms increased in Canadian adolescent girls across all affluence groups while they remained stable in boys from low and middle affluence and decreased in boys from high affluence. Specific psychological symptoms followed distinct trends. Further research is needed to uncover the mechanisms driving these trends.
Early Recognition and Treatment of Sepsis After the Addition of Lactate to the Laboratory’s Critical Result Call List
Authors: Kuttab Hani I. , Sterk Ethan , Rech Megan A. , Nghiem Trac , Bahar Burak , Kahn Stephen
Published: September 2016

Purpose:

Screening of patients with sepsis is needed to increase recognition and allow for earlier interventions. There is no consensus on whether the addition of lactate to the critical result laboratory’s call list should be a standard practice.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective cohort study that compared management and outcomes of patients with sepsis having lactate ≥4 mmol/L before (group 1) and after (group 2) the addition of a critical result threshold of lactate of ≥4 mmol/L to the critical result laboratory’s call list and its effects on time to antibiotics and intravenous fluids (IVFs).

Results:

One hundred twenty-one patients were included. Lactate was higher in group 1 (7.0 ± 4.3 vs 5.6 ± 2.0, P = 0.03). More patients in group 2 received hydrocortisone (1.9% vs 22.4%, P = .001). Hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and 90-day mortality were significantly lower in group 2 (59.3% vs 32.8%, P = .003; 68.5% vs 37.3%, P ≤ .001; 68.5% vs 41.8%, P = .002). There were no significant differences in total volume of IVFs (2400.8 ± 1720.0 vs 2483.7 ± 2155.7, P = 0.83), time to start IVFs (184.0 ± 283.2 vs 115.6 ± 190.5, P = 0.27), or antibiotics (184.8 ± 187.1 vs 133.7 ± 137.4, P = 0.16).

Conclusion:

Addition of lactate to the critical result laboratory’s call list did not lead to a statistically significant improvement in time to IVFs or antibiotics, although the average time to antibiotics and IVFs decreased by 51.1 and 68.4 minutes, respectively. Hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and 90-day mortality were lower in group 2, which may be, in part, due to increased recognition of severe sepsis by critical result notification and earlier intervention.
Parent and Adolescent Perceptions of Adolescent Career Development Tasks and Vocational Identity
Authors: Rogers Mary E. , Creed Peter A. , Praskova Anna
Published: September 2016

We surveyed Australian adolescents and parents to test differences and congruence in perceptions of adolescent career development tasks (career planning, exploration, certainty, and world-of-work knowledge) and vocational identity. We found that, for adolescents ( N = 415), career development tasks (not career exploration) explained 48% of the variance in vocational identity; for parents ( N = 415), this was 38% (not world-of-work knowledge). Parent perceptions of career development tasks did not explain additional variance in adolescent vocational identity. There were moderate correlations between adolescent and parent perceptions of career development tasks and vocational identity, suggesting meaningful, but not substantial, congruence of perceptions. The findings provide useful insights into the understanding of, and relationship between, parent and adolescent perceptions of adolescent career development tasks and vocational identity, which suggest avenues for interventions with adolescents and parents.
The Association of Socioeconomic Status and Dental Caries Experience in Children in Dili, Timor-Leste
Authors: Babo Soares Lucio Frederico , Allen Penny , Bettiol Silvana , Crocombe Leonard
Published: September 2016

Timor-Leste is one of the poorest countries in the world. The aim of this article was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and dental caries experience in children living in Dili. Four out of 6 Dili subdistricts and 40 schools were randomly selected. Equal numbers of school children from 4 age groups (6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17 years) were invited to participate. Data were gathered via a questionnaire and an oral examination by dental practitioners. In bivariate analysis, decayed, missing, and filled teeth index for deciduous + permanent teeth (dmft) was higher in children from mid- to high-SES than low-SES schools (1.1, 2.2, P = .001). With age, having had a toothache and dental visiting in the past 12 months in the multivariable model, higher dmft was found in children from mid- to high- to low-SES schools ( P < .001). The primary dental caries experience was greater among children from mid- to high- than low-SES schools, which may be explained by high sugar consumption.
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Authors: Thway Khin , Noujaim Jonathan , Zaidi Shane , Miah Aisha B. , Benson Charlotte , Messiou Christina , Jones Robin L. , Fisher Cyril
Published: September 2016

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive small round cell neoplasm which predominantly occurs intra-abdominally in adolescents and young adults with a male predominance, and which is characterized by a recurrent t(11;22)(p13;q12) translocation leading to formation of the EWSR1-WT1 fusion gene, which generates a chimeric protein with transcriptional regulatory activity. Histologically, DSRCT has a characteristic morphology, of islands of monotonous small cells within prominent sparsely cellular fibroblastic stroma, and immunohistochemically it shows polyphenotypic multidirectional differentiation, with expression of epithelial, muscle, and neural markers. However, DSRCT can arise more rarely in other sites and exhibit a spectrum of both histologic features and immunoprofile, which may confuse diagnosis with other small round cell neoplasms. Correct diagnosis is important to ensure correct treatment and prognostication; DSRCT are almost universally fatal neoplasms with patients usually succumbing to disease within the first 2 years of diagnosis. While combination treatment strategies can confer a survival benefit, the overall prognosis remains poor. Further insight into the tumorigenic molecular changes generated by the fusion oncogene may lead to the generation of specific targeted therapies. We review DSRCT, discussing morphology and immunohistochemistry, molecular genetic findings, potential targeted treatments, and the differential diagnosis.
Preemptive Local Anesthesia in Ankle Arthroscopy
Authors: Liszka Henryk , Gądek Artur
Published: September 2016

Background:

Complex anesthesia is increasingly used in order to reduce postoperative pain and accelerate rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preemptive local anesthesia combined with general or spinal anesthesia in ankle arthroscopy.

Methods:

From January 2014 to February 2016, 80 ankle anterior arthroscopies were performed. Patients were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups, depending on the type of anesthesia: A, general and local preemptive; B, spinal and local preemptive; C, general and placebo; D, spinal and placebo. After general or spinal anesthesia, each patient randomly received an injection of 7 mL of a mixture of local anesthetics or the same amount of normal saline. After 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, and 72 hours following the release of the tourniquet, the pain intensity level was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS). The use of additional analgesics and any adverse effects were also noted.

Results:

Preemptive local anesthesia (groups A and B) resulted in a significantly lower level of pain intensity during the first 24 hours after surgery. Until 8 hours after the release of the tourniquet, the pain intensity level was statistically lower in the groups A, B, and D in comparison to C. During hospitalization, none of the patients from groups A and B received on-demand ketoprofen intravenously. No side effects of local anesthetic agents were observed. Two patients had transient numbness and paresthesia in the field of sensory nerve innervation of the dorsal intermediate cutaneous nerve of the foot.

Conclusion:

Preemptive operative site infiltration with a mixture of local anesthetics performed in ankle arthroscopy was a safe procedure. It reduced the level of intensity of postoperative pain and the amount of analgesics used.

Level of Evidence:

Level I, prospective randomized study.
Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Gastrocnemius Recession for Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Molund Marius , Lapinskas Saulius Rytas , Nilsen Fredrik Andre , Hvaal Kjetil Harald
Published: September 2016

Background:

Although gastrocnemius recession has been proposed and used in the treatment of chronic noninsertional Achilles tendinopathy, only weak evidence exists to support this operative indication. The purpose of our study was to assess the clinical and functional outcomes of patients treated with gastrocnemius recession at 2 institutions for this problem.

Methods:

Thirty-four patients were identified through our medical records and asked to participate in this study. Thirty patients (35 legs) responded to the invitation. Sixteen patients were eligible for clinical follow-up, and 14 patients responded by letter or telephone interview. Two patients did not want to participate, and 2 patients could not be reached. Data were collected by a satisfaction questionnaire, the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaire, a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, a functional test battery, and a clinical examination.

Results:

A subgroup with preoperative data (n = 8) showed an increase in the mean VISA-A score from 39.5 to 91.9. The mean overall VISA-A score (n = 30) was 91.4 at follow-up. The mean VAS for pain score when walking decreased from 7.5 before surgery to 0.8 after surgery. Twenty-eight of 30 patients reported that they were satisfied with their results after surgery. Functional testing showed no difference in gastrocnemius-soleus function between the operated and nonoperated leg (n = 10).

Conclusion:

The findings support the promising results from other studies regarding gastrocnemius recession as an effective and safe way of treating chronic Achilles tendinopathy. The patients recovered both in terms of pain and function.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.