bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Share or not to share? Sharing economy in public eyes
Authors: Kaputa Vladislav , Triznová Miroslava , Maťová Hana , Šupín Mikuláš
Published: January 2021

Research background: Sharing (or collaborative) economy brought a bulk of possibilities to spread the business internationally not only for private sector, but also for every citizen who own any assets demanded on the market. With a vital support of web platforms even individuals can utilise shared goods and services either as a supplier or as buyer.

Purpose of the article: The study aims at the assessment of public attitudes towards the phenomenon of sharing economy. More detailed, the willingness to utilise shared services and goods as well as the willingness to offer them are investigated.

Methods: The questionnaire survey was conducted to reveal the public attitudes towards selected aspects of sharing economy. Dominantly, the Likert-type scale is used to express respondents’ attitudes, but also the method of semantic differential was utilised. It is used as the 7-points rating scale designed to measure the connotative meaning of the sharing economy concept. The questionnaire was distributed among public using purposive sampling via web platforms. The frequency and contingency analyses with support of the relevant statistics are used to process the data. Findings & Value added: The survey reached mostly young people which is positively perceived as lot of “web-skilled” individuals could be expected among such a sample. Internet literacy is a pre-cursor for sharing economy possibilities utilisation. Surprisingly, higher share respondents do not expressed interest to offer services via sharing economy platforms. Overall, no more than 30% of the sample utilise shared services. Here, men seem to be more embraced to be involved.
The Adoption of Mobile Payment Technologies, Social Interactive Consumer-Oriented Applications, and Online Purchasers’ Decision-Making Process
Authors: Lăzăroiu George , Popescu Gheorghe H , Alexandru Bogdan
Published: January 2021

Research background: This paper analyzes the outcomes of an exploratory review of the current research on the relationship between the global adoption of mobile payment technologies, social interactive consumer-oriented applications, and online purchasers’ decision-making process.

Purpose of the article: The data used for this study was obtained and replicated from previous research conducted by Econsultancy and Statista. We performed analyses and made estimates regarding mobile e-commerce sales worldwide, frequency of mobile retail app usage according to U.S. smartphone shoppers, how well organizations understand the customer journey for certain audiences, share of Internet users who are likely to use mobile payments on their smartphone in the next year (by country), and time spent per mobile app category.

Methods: Data collected from 6,200 respondents are tested against the research model by using structural equation modeling.

Findings & Value added: The advent of smartphones redesigns the routine of shopping, thus altering the agency of users. Retailers have instant access to data on the geographical position of users that can be employed in addition to other information to regulate the decision-making process. Perceived effortlessness in utilization of the smartphone is somewhat similar for various mobile shopping application settings. The degree to which mobile purchasing applications are time critical and location sensitive may differ substantially. Mobile retailers can make public the personal, collaborative, and instantaneous buying experience that mobile shopping can offer to customers.
The Family Influence on Business: Czech Family Companies
Authors: Srbová Pavla , Režňáková Mária
Published: January 2021

Research background: Family businesses represent a combination of family and business aspects. Typically, a family is the majority owner and its members are top managers of the firm. The company name often contains the names of family members, i.e. they are publicly known. The family thereby gains recognition through the business operations of its firm, such as socially responsible business practices, and may also be considered a good employer. These aspects constitute its socioemotional wealth (SEW). Family business owners may consider the SEW to be of greater importance than typical corporate management, and this may be a reason for the lower profitability of family businesses.

The purpose of the article: The aim of this article is to describe selected factors influencing SEW and to verify their significance on data on Czech family companies.

Methods: The research was based on qualitative and quantitative data obtained by a questionnaire survey. Descriptive and statistical methods were used to analyse the formulated assumptions.

Findings & Value added: Most Czech family companies are run by the first or second generation of family owners. Since they consider their control and influence on their company to be extremely important, family owners do not typically consider the entry of non-family investors into the ownership structure. The assumption that family companies have a low level of indebtedness was not confirmed. The ownership of the company consists of one family, which usually keeps a 100% share. The family has at least one member in the top management. The founder of the company is typically the father. The family prefers to transfer the business to family members; firstly its management, then its ownership.
Models of work in collaborative economy and legislative challenges
Authors: Treľová Silvia
Published: January 2021

Research background: Globalization, the development of technology, demographic change are phenomena that radically change the nature of work. The advent of modern information technologies represents a worldwide transition to the information society, and the ubiquitous technological development brings ever newer forms of working. The development of a sharing (collaborative) economy is global in nature. A wide range of models for carrying out work with the help of digital collaborative platforms is created and a natural person in the position of a service provider performs activities with a high degree of independence and flexibility. There are several collaborative platforms but not all of them show the characteristics of a pure sharing economy, and there are considerations as to whether, in some cases, there is no concealment of employment relationships.

Purpose of the article: The author points out various models of collaborative economics, compares them and assesses the nature of the work performed. Based on the findings, the author concludes whether the person performs work in a commercial relationship or whether this work can be perceived as dependent work in terms of labour law.

Methods: Models of collaborative economics need to be analyzed and compared. The induction method is used in the examination of individual court decisions. The conclusion is a summary of the acquired knowledge. Findings & Value added: The issue is highly topical due to the ambiguity of the nature of work relationships. In practice, this is evidenced by several lawsuits. The article will contain proposals de lege ferenda.
Dual quality and its influence on consumer behaviour according to the income
Authors: Bartkova Lucia , Sirotiaková Mária
Published: January 2021

Research background:Dual quality occurred in natural way after fall of Communism. Global producers from Western countries had to adapt formulas and composition of their products to living standards in countries of former soviet bloc.

Purpose of the article:But present situation is different, living standards equalize, people travel, they purposely buy abroad, and they discover that international goods known from home shops have different attributes – composition, colour, aroma or density of product – in the same or very similar package in foreign countries. In Slovak Republic, there was missing a research of consumers´ opinions in context of dual quality as global problem.

Methods:We conducted such research by questionnaire method on the sample of 987 Slovak respondents. Because dual quality is connected to many goods and besides different attributes also price is different many times, we were interested how is this problem perceived by consumers with different income. We divided respondents in our research into three groups according to the monthly income of household: low, middle and high income.

Findings & Value added: According to the results, consumers with high income perceive problem of dual quality more, they are more interested to be informed about this problem and they are also more willing to share their own experiences with dual quality. On the other side, consumers with low income more changed their consumer behaviour due to information about dual quality. This article brings results of unique research and brings proposals for improving of the situation about dual quality in Slovakia with respect to incomes of consumers.
Before Corona and After Corona as New Global Milestones in The Theory and Practice of Consumer Behaviour: Evidence from Vending Industry
Authors: Majerova Jana , Vartiak Lukas
Published: January 2021

Research background:In the light and shadow of contemporary global situation, Corona pandemic crisis can be established as new milestone in economic and managerial theory and practice. It has flew over national markets as black swan and it has totally destroyed so far formulated models and patterns. No one industry has stayed untouched.

Purpose of the article:The aim of this paper is to identify changes in consumer behaviour caused by Corona pandemic crisis in relevant industry of national economy.

Methods:The aim of this paper will be fulfilled by applying comparative analysis on the case study of vending industry provided on chronological basis. The reason for choosing this industry lies in the specifics of this industry – i.e. elimination of personal contact and nonstop functioning not only in closed but also in open air places. Thus, it can be expected that the impact of Corona pandemic crisis characterized by lockdown, social distancing and strict hygienic steps would be minimal in this case.

Findings & Value added:It has been already stated that Corona pandemic crisis has a potential to modify so far formulated theoretical approaches to consumer behaviour. By providing own research, this fact has been proven. Based on these findings, it is possible to identify future trends in purchasing behaviour not only in case of chosen industry but also generally. These are mainly connected with the shift in perception of consumption and savings, the preference of cash less payment and the change in philosophy of personal alimentation.
The perception of corporate social responsibility and its impact on consumer buying behaviour in the process of globalization
Authors: Nadanyiova Margareta
Published: January 2021

Research background:In the current era of globalization, corporate social responsibility has been gaining an increasing attention. By implementation CSR activities into their business strategy, companies can gain positive feedback from stakeholders including consumers and thus new competitive advantage. Creating positive attitude on CSR from the consumers that subsequently can influence their buying behaviour depends on many factors such as how the companies understand and perform their CSR initiatives and finally, how they communicate them to stakeholders.

Purpose of the article:The main aim of the article is to determine the perception of corporate social responsibility and its impact on consumer buying behaviour in the process of globalization. This includes the literature review on the issue and analysis focused on the perception of corporate social responsibility and its impact on consumer buying behaviour.

Methods:General scientific methods were applied for the processing of the data as well as mathematical-statistical methods to evaluate the data collated from the results of the questionnaire survey and to statistical hypothesis testing. The secondary data for the analysis were obtained from scientific researches, statistical tables and professional publications. In order to determine the perception of corporate social responsibility and its impact on consumer buying behaviour, a questionnaire survey was conducted among Slovak consumers.

Findings & Value added:Based on analysis and questionnaire survey results, measures for the efficient implementation of corporate social responsibility are proposed, and its benefits are highlighted, such as strengthening the company’s image, improving customer relationships, gaining their loyalty and competitive advantage.
Comparison of housing financing products in SR
Authors: Nahalkova Tesarova Eva
Published: January 2021

Research background: The paper describes the comparison and subsequent analysis of products for housing finance in the Slovak Republic through the use of financial resources from banks and savings companies. The development and boom of the real estate market in Slovakia was mainly due to new forms of financing, such as mortgage loans. At present, there are various combinations of credit products on the market with favorable declining interest rates, but also support from the state in the form tax bonus on paid interests or state premium for contractual savings for housing. The development of housing loans also has a significant impact on the Slovak economy. Rising household indebtedness is a problem beyond the financial sector.

Purpose of the article: Over-indebted households may have difficulty repaying loans in bad times or their consumption significantly reduce, which will exacerbate the process of resuming economic growth. The consequences of rising household indebtedness therefore need to be addressed from a wider perspective, including its economic-social impacts. The fundamental purpose of the article is to analyze the current possibilities of housing financing in the Slovak Republic and determine the most appropriate form.

Methods: In order to fulfill our stated goal, we apply a method of comparison, analysis and synthesis.

Findings & Value added: Finally, we formulate our own view of which form of financing housing is the most suitable based on the examined parameters.
Globalization and its impact on the Slovak consumer
Authors: Olšiaková Miriam , Loučanová Erika , Drličková Eva , Dovčíková Anna
Published: January 2021

Research background:Globalization and the processes associated with it are reflected in the constant changes taking place in the market and affect its individual participants, among whom we also include consumers. Globalization allows consumers to choose, but on the other hand, the quality of products intended for the Slovak market is debatable (dual quality of food). Therefore, many consumers distrust imported products and believe that foreign producers use unethical practices in the Slovak market.

Purpose of the article:The paper presents the results of a survey of unethical practices towards Slovak consumers in their selected forms, as well as the results of the current state of awareness of Slovak consumers in the field of protection of their consumer rights.

Methods:The data were obtained by a questionnaire and consequently evaluated by the chosen statistical methods. Some questions were formulated to test hypothesis of dependence among selected variables.

Findings & Value added:The results point to the low state of Slovak consumer’s ability to detect unethical practices in its specific forms, as well as to the low state of his knowledge in the field of consumer rights protection. However, the finding that with higher consumer education the ability of a consumer to detect misleading practices increases confirmed the importance of incorporating selected areas of consumer policy into education at lower levels. It allows supporting the sovereignty of the Slovak consumer to protect his rights.
Comparative Analysis of Financing for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Visegrad Group
Authors: Vrablova Veronika
Published: January 2021

Research background:Small and medium-sized enterprises form the backbone of any national economy. Therefore, sources of financing are important for the enterprise´s growth around the world. Finance for enterprises can be divided into classic and alternative. Recently, alternative ways of financing experienced a boom, especially venture capital, business angels, and crowdfunding. Although this type of funding is well known around the world, there are difficulties in using alternative financing among the Visegrad group. Moreover, there are lots of other factors curbing the expansion of enterprises.

Purpose of the article:The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare sources of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises among the Visegrad group with focus on alternative financing. Visegrad group consists of the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, the Hungary, and the Poland. This paper presents an overview of available financing for small and medium-sized enterprises among the Visegrad group.

Methods:For analysis, we used data from the the Survey on the access to finance for enterprises in 2019. Moreover, we also did hypothesis testing to compare the usage of financing through bank overdraft in the year 2019.

Findings & Value added:We have reached several conclusions. Firstly, this paper suggests that classic sources of financing are used more than alternative ways, from which the bank loans and leasing are used the most. Secondly, the best condition of financing among countries of the Visegrad group is in Poland, but also other countries have huge potential. And finally, financing of enterprises is not the main issue causing difficulties in making business.
Impact of the funding structure on R&D in cases of European Union and Russian Federation
Authors: Alpatov Gennady , Gusarov Kirill , Korostyshevskaya Elena
Published: January 2021

Research background: Many contemporary empirical studies and theories of economic growth have revealed the dependence of innovative development of countries on the adequacy of funding for innovation. However, much of the empirical literature has discussed the issue of innovativeness without assessing the impact of the structure of funding sources on the success of the innovation process.

Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis of the inefficiency of innovative systems in which the proportion of public investment is high compared to private investment. In Russia, the share of public R&D funding is 67%, and the EU average is 33%.

Methods: Based on the empirical research, we have compared the EU Horizon 2020 program with Russian VEB Ventures programs, conversion and digitalization programs of the Industrial Development Fund and found out how the structure of funding sources for these programs affects the success of their implementation.

Findings & Value added: The results of our research show that a large share of public funding is not the cause, but the result of low private innovation activity and a lack of private investment. Significant reasons for their shortage were identified: the economic feasibility of purchasing ready-made solutions on the global market instead of funding research; cheap labour; adverse business climate. Thus, a high share of public financing of innovations in a country can serve as an indicator of the existence of serious reasons for restraining innovative development.
Global trends in employment changes and their impact on professionalisation
Authors: Bannykh Galina , Kostina Svetlana
Published: January 2021

Research background: Globalization has determined the orientation of transformations in the labour market and employment: on the one hand, blurring of borders has led to an increase in interstate and remote employment (out staffing, freelance), lower costs for the wage fund and increased professional competition for the self-employed, on the other hand, there is an increase in information and digital inequality leading to discrimination in the labour market and high professional mobility of the workforce..

Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to analyse and systematize the main trends in the global labour market that affect the process of professionalization of various categories of employees in the Russian Federation.

Methods: As the main research methods there were the analysis of documents, analysis of statistical data, secondary data analysis and expert survey used.

Findings & Value added: The analysis described global trends in the labour market, as well as their impact on the process of professionalization of various categories of employees in the Russian Federation. Various options for modern professionalization are considered - traditional (based on formal vocational education) and non-traditional. The acquired and relevant professional competencies and professional reputation, rather than the level of knowledge and qualifications, prove to be economic and valuable. The study contributes to the development of the theory of professional socialization and the concept of modern employment, at the same time it can be useful in determining economic policy strategies in the field of labour market and employment regulation.
Increasing social anxiety in the context of globalization of migration processes as a problem of international relations
Authors: Britvina Irina , Shumilova Polina
Published: January 2021

Research background: Increasing inward and outward labor migration flows between Central Asian countries and Russia are very significant for both sides. Migration processes in the Central Asian region play an important role in stabilizing international relations, because their economic, political and social results are important for all the countries in the region. The Russian Federation is one of the countries which receives the most immigrants, along with the United States, Germany, France and Canada. Migrants with different ethnicities from Central Asia constitute most of the migratory flows to Russia.

Purpose of the article: The authors aimed to analyze the growing social anxiety about the rising influx of migrants from Central Asian countries in Russia, as an indicator of the risk of developing damaging social processes.

Methods: The authors draw their conclusions from the results of a questionnaire survey given to residents of Yekaterinburg in 2016 (N=485) and 2019 (N=476), and a comparison of comments on the internet from Russians in 2019 and 2020 about the behavior of migrants from Central Asian countries. The methods for analysis include a descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, content analysis, comparative analysis, words clustering analysis and quantitative word frequency calculation.

Findings & Value added: The authors conclude that the increasing social anxiety from residents of Yekaterinburg about the rising influx of migrants from Central Asian has moved to the next stage of latent conflict, which
R. Darendorff describes as the stage of “awareness of latent interests”. The obtained results are important for the regulation of processes inter-country relations in the field of migration exchanges.
Cluster analysis of the economic activity of Slovak companies regarding potential indicators of earnings management
Authors: Durica Marek , Svabova Lucia
Published: January 2021

Research background:All over the world, any information about the earnings manipulation is very important for all the stakeholders of the companies. Therefore, it is necessary to detect this situation in a certain way. The global practice has shown that it is appropriate to create detection models and it would be very useful to specify individual sectors or the groups of sectors of economic activities of companies.

Purpose of the article:The article aims to the financial ratios of Slovak companies that are globally used in the detection of earnings management. Based on hierarchical cluster analysis we identify groups of economic activities (according to the international NACE classification) with similar financial characteristics.

Methods:For efficient earnings manipulation detection, high-quality and up-to-date financial data is required. We used financial data of real Slovak companies from the year 2018 obtained from international database Amadeus. After a precise pre-preparation of the dataset, we use the standard clustering procedures. Using the analysis of the dendrogram, the groups of the companies with their economic activities are identified.

Findings & Value added:The results of the analysis show that there exist logical groups of NACE categories of economic activity of companies with similar characteristics. Regarding potential earnings manipulation, companies in these groups are as similar as possible. Therefore, financial characteristics can be analyzed together, and more accurate detection models could be created for them.
A causative matrix approach for measuring temporal structural changes caused by globalization in Latvian economy
Authors: Hāzners Juris , Benga Elita
Published: January 2021

Research background: globalization processes affect the economies mainly with intensified foreign trade flows which have an impact of all industries including also sectors that operate mainly in domestic markets. Identifying the structural changes in economy sectors is crucial for the selection of the future policy options.

Purpose of the article: the objective of the research is the estimation of the structural changes in Latvian economy by analyzing the structural changes in sector output over the period from 2006 to 2014.

Methods: the left causative matrix method allows for the evaluation of the contributions of economy sectors to other sectors and supply within the sector. By adding the changes in sector output multipliers which capture the changes in final demand, overall changes in the structure of sector output can be estimated. After the obtaining these indicators, sectors can be clustered based upon the change ratios.

Findings & Value added: research results show that none of the sectors has performed positively in every aspect in terms of output externalization, importance for other sectors or contributions to final demand. Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel and leather products is a single sector with increased externalization and importance for other sectors, while it’s contribution to final demand has slightly declined. Agriculture and fishing along with number of manufacturing sectors has shown increased ratios with respect to other sectors and final demand. For sectors with increased internalization, the importance of other sectors and final demand has declined. In general, increased internalization should be considered alarming as it points to lower competitiveness of products forming sector output.
Evaluation of earnings of small and medium-sized enterprises in Slovakia in aspect of globalization
Authors: Jurickova Veronika , Kubjatkova Anna
Published: January 2021

Research background:Small and medium-sized enterprises are a pillar of every market economy in aspect of globalization. The importance of their position is given mainly by their positive effect on employment. One of the basic elements of healthy economic development in the country is the dynamic increase of these companies, which can satisfy the requirements of even the most demanding customers with their high adaptability and creativity.

Purpose of the article:The main goal of the article is to examine the profits of small and medium-sized enterprises from 2015 to 2019. The article also contains the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises and their contribution to the economy of the Slovak Republic. The contribution of the article lies in a summary of theoretical knowledge about small and medium-sized enterprises and an examination of the reasons why there was an increase or decrease in profit in individual years.

Methods:The scientific method of analysis was used in writing the article, where we came to the appropriate conclusions based on the examination of individual parts. The individual years were compared with each other using the method of mutual comparison.

Findings & Value added: The output of the whole article is the finding that small and medium-sized enterprises represent an important part of the economy of the Slovak Republic. In the Slovak republic, the constant support and development of these businesses are essential because they have a significant impact on many economic indicators.
Approaches to the Management of Humanitarian Aid in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Kubás Jozef , Fabuš Juraj
Published: January 2021

Research background: Humanitarian aid is about people trying to help the victims of crises. The needs of the victims of humanitarian crises are crucial for the provision of humanitarian aid. That is why this aid is an integral part of globalization also contributes to the deepening of relations between donors and recipients around the world.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to point out the humanitarian aid provided and financed by the Slovak Republic. This expenditure will compare with the expenditure of the other members of the European Union. For a higher informative value, attention will be focused also on the comparison of EU states and Slovakia in terms of per capita.

Methods: The scientific methods used in the article will be, in particular, to compare EU Member States’ humanitarian aid expenditure over a last period. Analysis and synthesis be use throughout the solution of the article. Using these methods, the connections and relationships between the facts will be examined. Inductions and deductions will be used to interpret the results correctly.

Findings & Value added: The result of the article will be a clear presentation and comparison of the Slovak and EU funds spent on humanitarian aid for a certain period. The results will make it possible to understand the importance of this assistance in the context of globalization. A comparison of the per capita conversion is an important basis for a realistic picture of aid with regard to possible capacities.
Prospects for the Formation of a Global Natural Gas Market: Price Analysis of European, Asian, American Gas Markets
Authors: Novikov Andrey V. , Urazgaliev Vladimir Sh. , Titkov Mikhail V.
Published: January 2021

Research background: Natural gas markets are facing an ongoing process of diffusion of natural gas liquefaction (LNG) technology. High mobility and relative ease of LNG use predetermine a huge potential for globalization of gas markets and the formation of a single price space similar to the oil world market.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is determining the degree of gas markets convergence and offering an assessment of the prospects for gas globalization.

Methods: The authors conducted a comparative analysis of statistics on historical prices in the gas markets, reviewed the scientific and practice-oriented literature on this topic. The authors developed a brief forecast model based on statistical methods to develop their own assessment of the prospects for the development of a single global gas market.

Findings & Value added: The paper contains the most relevant comparative assessments of the three key gas markets (Europe, Asia, USA) and descripts an authors’ assessment of the potential for the emergence of a global gas market. On the one hand, the authors revealed a fairly high correlation between LNG prices worldwide, on the other hand, LNG supplies are not the only form of gas supplies. In addition, regional pricing features lead to the relative independence of the three markets among themselves. Moreover, the current global crisis may slow down the development of global gas market due to restrictions on the profitability of potentially new LNG projects.
Global Transformation of the Living Standards of Population in the Context of Spatial Transformations
Authors: Polozhentseva Yulia
Published: January 2021

Research background: The world is constantly changing, increasing the efficiency of economic processes and raising the standard of living of the population, but this development has an uneven tendency. The global transformation of socio-economic development provides an opportunity for the state to use all available potential in order to increase the level and quality of life of the population.

Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the publication is to study the dynamics of the development of the living standard of the population, to conduct a comparative analysis of the global indicators characterizing it.

Methods: The article provides a comparative analysis of countries, which makes it possible to structure the main components of the living standard of the population; the results of the rating assessment of world indices characterizing the standard of living of the population are systematized based on the methods of scientific knowledge, comparative and statistical analysis.

Findings & Value added: The analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators of the standard of living of the population made it possible to identify the main trends in the influence of these indicators on the level of the country’s development. Based on the comparison and analysis of world indicators, the place of Russia in the world economic space has been determined and an analysis of their dynamics has been carried out. Measures have been systematized to regulate the development of the standard of living of the population, aimed at eliminating crisis situations and imbalances in their development.
Analysis of the Impact of Globalization on the Global Labor Force
Authors: Popescu Maria Loredana , Buzoianu Ovidiu Andrei Cristian , Troaca Victor , Lazar Valentin
Published: January 2021

Research background:Research background is written after the literature review. For example, german researcher Ulrich Beck claims that contemporary society has entered a new phase in which the nature of natural resources has become stressful. G. Barraclough argued that no matter how important the political, cultural, ecological factors ultimately are, it is the economy that determines the evolution of the globalization process.

Purpose of the article:The present article follows the identification of the impact on the phenomenon of the current phenomenon of the naming of globalization on the labor force and how the phenomenon of migration is conditioned with the main factors.

Methods:This article starts from the hypothesis of the influence of globalization in terms of the global labor force, as well as the migration phenomenon caused by the economic factor mainly. In the realization that it is possible to analyze specialized literary analyzes on the one hand, but if one analyzes past, present and future data (estimation), provided by the World Labor Organization. Measurement tools and procedures can be measured for all important or reasonable features. Analyze after a detailed realization, provided that appropriate techniques can be analyzed.

Findings & Value added: Following this research, it was found the connection between globalization and the labor market, along with its impact on the migration phenomenon, highlighted by the economic factor, for better pay. The article adds value through the analysis created both globally and regionally (European level) and the interpretation of statistical data related to population migration.
The Level of Education of Graduates in Romania in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Profiroiu Constantin Marius , Angheluță Petrică Sorin , Vasilache Petruț Cristian , Dima Cristina
Published: January 2021

Research background:Technological changes are one of the reasons for the resizing of jobs. Demographic change is affecting the labour market, both locally and regionally. Thus, together with technological changes, they lead to changes in the level of education of graduates. The process is accentuated by globalization. There are changes in the labour market that require people with higher skills.

Purpose of the article:For Romania, the analysis of the level of education of graduates at regional level, depending on the county, is presented in this article. In the paper, depending on the level of education, the evolution at county level of the number of graduates is presented. At the same time, the evolution of the total number of graduates for the levels of primary-secondary, vocational, high school, post-high school education, respectively for the level of university education, is analyzed.

Methods:Thus, following the analysis, it is observed that, at national level, the number of graduates decreased. Also, for certain levels of education and only for some counties, the number of graduates has increased.

Findings & Value added:The radiography performed is important for the regional needs’ analysis of the labour market. Thus, following the analysis, it was found that most graduates of tertiary education are from university centers: Bucharest, Cluj, Iași, Timiș. Graduates with a high level of knowledges, skills, and competencies have higher opportunities and abilities to identify and occupy a job.
Posting Workers as a New Model of Global Labour? Dilemmas of Economics, Politics and Ethics
Authors: Trčka Michal
Published: January 2021

Research background: Labour migration, i. e. the transnational movement of foreign workers on the European markets and their integration, is among the key topics of both Czech and European politics. I devote my paper to the regulation of work-related migration in a wider perspective of the global labour market in a specific type of labour migration „posting workers“.

Purpose of the article: The paper focus on economic, political, and ethical problematic aspects of posting workers within the European Union in connection with the European Commission’s revision of Directive 96/71/EC with an emphasis on posting workers to the Czech Republic.

Methods: I will to analyse the key patterns of the reactions and discourse strategies of selected Czech stakeholders regarding the proposal for a revision of Directive 96/71/EC, in particular that of selected government representatives. For this purpose, it will be used the method of discourse analysis (especially methods developed by Ruth Wodak).

Findings & Value added: I would like to demonstrate, using the revision of Directive 96/71/EC as an example of new renovating models of global labour, as a part of the process of integration of the global market in the era of globalization, that the mechanism of posting workers creates a hybrid single European labour market, changes international relations, and contributes to the transnational flexibility of labour.
The Importance of Globalisation and Learning Capital for Economic Growth
Authors: Antalová Mária
Published: January 2021

Research background: In our paper, we focus on two important phenomena that are currently culminating and bringing their positive as well as negative consequences. They are globalization and the learning capital. In research, experts are primarily oriented on globalization, which we perceive so intensely in our daily lives. There exist extensive studies developed on a theoretical, methodological as well as empirical basis. Experts are intensively dealing also with the human capital and, above all, with its impact on various socio-economic phenomena. However, they are paying less attention to the learning capital, which we consider one dimension of the human capital.

Purpose of the article: Link between the human capital and the economic growth has long been clarified, but the relation between the learning capital is not remained at forefront of the research intentions. For this reason, we have decided to examine the interconnectedness between globalization and the learning capital in selected EU countries and to determine its contribution to the economic growth.

Methods: In quantification of globalization, we use the overall KOF Globalization Index, which consists of 3 components: the economic, social and political dimensions. There does not exist uniform procedure for examining the learning capital. For this reason, we rely on Human Development Index data.

Findings & Value added: In the empirical analysis, we focus on the evaluation of the current state of globalization as well as the learning capital in the Slovak Republic and verify the established hypotheses concerning the interconnection of these two phenomena and their impact on the economic growth.
Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Codes of Ethics of Companies in the Czech Republic Operating Nationally or Internationally
Authors: Caha Zdeněk , Ruso Michaela , Procházková Michaela
Published: January 2021

Research background: Ethical conduct is considered a pillar of strength within the context of corporate social responsibility. The basic tool for achieving this is a code of ethics, which should form the basis for the ethical management of any company. Globalisation and internationalisation have brought with them the need to have a high-quality code of ethics in place, one that is balanced in terms of content.

Purpose of the article: The aim of the research presented in this contribution is to determine, by means of qualitative comparative analysis, to what extent codes of ethics meet key preconditions for efficacy.

Methods: The analysis was carried out on a sample set of 40 companies from various industrial sectors, and of various size, ownership structure and origin. All the companies were active in the Czech Republic at the time. The main preconditions for determining the efficacy of a code of ethics, and which therefore formed the basis for the qualitative comparative analysis, were set in advance.

Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis revealed that significant differences exist between companies with national and international spheres of activity with regards to the content and form of their codes of ethics. As a consequence, the preconditions for efficacy were judged not to have been fully met. The primary reason for the differences was the level of importance managements and owners of companies assign to a code of ethics and the emphasis they place on adherence to the provisions set forth in them.
An Analysis of the Insurance Market in the Czech Republic
Authors: Černohorská Liběna , Klofát Matěj
Published: January 2021

Research background: We are currently witnessing significant changes in traditional values and developments concerning the globalization of the financial markets. Since the beginning of the 21st century, not only have the instruments used by global financial markets changed significantly, but the way they operate and the behavior of their participants have changed as well. Digitalization and the use of modern technologies are gradually beginning to take hold in all segments of the global economy. In the field of insurance, this mainly concerns the areas of insurance distribution and claims settlement.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the insurance industry in the Czech Republic for the period of 2014 to 2018.

Methods: Spider analysis was used to conduct the analysis. This type of analysis is a comprehensive analytical tool, which can also be used by the management of commercial insurance companies; it is based on 16 ratios, which are divided into four segments. Spider analysis provides a clear representation of the examined company’s position in comparison with the market average or with competing companies in that field of business. Using spider analysis, it is possible to portray the insurance market in the Czech Republic using the selected insurance companies.
Findings & value added: Based on the analysis results, it was found that Pojišťovna VZP was the only company that differed from the other commercial insurance companies analyzed – and the insurance market as a whole. Globalization’s effects on developmental trends in the world’s economies, the financial markets, and the business activities of both commercial insurance companies and the insurance industry are significant and difficult to estimate in terms of scope.
Globalization and Assessement of the Soft Power Potential of Belarus Using Econometric Instruments
Authors: Primierova Olena , Abakumova Juliet
Published: January 2021

Research background: When it comes to conducting international events in a country with a small open economy, the issue of assessing the ratio of costs of the event to subsequent economic effects is relevant. If the evaluation of short-term revenues in the country is quite realistic, then quantifying the long-term effect on a country’s image is much more difficult, and directly related to the concept of soft power and its evaluation as a neutral instrument in international relations. The study was based on the concept of soft power and its instrument, such as the international image of the state, the improvement of which is possible by conducting various events of an international level.

Purpose of the article: The opportunity was of interest to assess the effect of using one of the neutral tools of the so-called soft power, such as holding international sports events.

Methods: To test hypotheses, time series models were used on the example of Belarus data. Also, for Belarus, the Soft Power Index was calculated according to the methodology of the Moscow School of Management Skolkovo and the British audit and consulting company Ernst and Young.

Findings & Value added: The conclusion is confirmed that the holding of sports events of an international scale directly affects the increase in indexing in the search queries of keywords characterizing the country, which in turn through the components of the globalization index positively affects its values for the country. Also, the holding of sports and cultural events has a positive effect on the influx of foreign tourists into the country.
Impact of China’s Growing Global Position on the Economy of the Czech Republic
Authors: Veselá Kamila , Pudilová Linda
Published: January 2021

Research background: The People’s Republic of China in the 21st century can be described as an economy with high growth rates and great ambitions. Some statistics even indicate that China will become the world’s new hegemon by 2040. The People’s Republic of China is not only one of the largest exporters but is increasingly speaking to the world economy and international relations. Since the beginning of the 1990s, mutual relations between the People’s Republic of China and the Czech Republic can be described as very good and constantly deepening, which can be evidenced, among other things, by the number of trade agreements.

Purpose of the article: Purpose of the article is to evaluate a development of mutual relations between Czech and Chinese economies in order to predict their future development. Emphasis will be placed on the development of mutual trade through the evaluation of absolute and relative indicators and growth rates.

Methods: The paper is based on secondary data from the database of the Czech Statistical Office. The key methods used in the article are the analysis of time series of real products of the Czech Republic and China and their foreign trade. The analysis focuses on the trend, deviations and development of absolute and relative indicators.

Findings & Value added: The results of the analysis proved that the Chinese economy is growing on average more than twice as fast as the Czech economy. Because of that, the economic/living standards of the population of both countries are converging. The growth rate of the People’s Republic of China, together with its high spending on science and research, means that (if this trend is maintained) China is likely to become the world’s new hegemon in the near future.