bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controllable carrier concentration of two-dimensional TMDs by forming transition-metal suboxide layer for photoelectric devices
Authors: Jiang Yurong , Xing Wenqian , Li Hongzhi , Zhang Linlin , Zhang Suicai , Li Xueping , Su Jian , Song Xiaohui , Xia Congxin
Published: July 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have the potential to drive future innovation in the electronics industry. However, the controllability of charge concentration remains challenging due to the atomically thin channel, which perturbs the charge transport characteristics of nanodevices. Here, we demonstrate a strategy that uses the transition metal suboxide layer to modulate the photoelectrical characteristics of TMD channels. The carrier concentration in an n-type MoS2 channel is reduced from 2.05 × 1012 to 6.15 × 1010 cm−3, while it increases from 1.71 × 1010 to 2.76 × 1012 cm−3 for p-type WSe2 channels. Remarkably, the channel mobility remains unchanged or even slightly improves when the carrier concentration is appropriately tuned. Also, the homogenous channel is modulated into a photovoltaic homojunction with a tenfold enhancement of photoelectrical detectivity and response speed. The controllable strategy provides a simple design principle to realize high-performance 2D semiconductor-based optoelectronic and logic devices.
Strong coupling with directional scattering features of metal nanoshells with monolayer WS2 heterostructures
Authors: Li Yang , Bi Xinxin , You Qingzhang , Li Ze , Zhang Lisheng , Fang Yan , Wang Peijie
Published: July 2022

Realizing and manipulating strong light–matter coupling in 2D monolayer semiconductors are of the utmost importance in the development of photonic devices. Hollow nanostructures of noble metals are particularly interesting because of their stronger local electromagnetic field compared with solid nanoparticles, which facilitate the strong coupling of single metal nanostructures. Here, the tunable single nanocavity plasmon–exciton coupling was demonstrated at room temperature in hybrid systems consisting of Ag@Au hollow nanocubes (HNCs) and monolayer WS2 underneath, where a large vacuum Rabi splitting of 131.3 meV was observed. Mode splitting can be clearly observed from the dark-field scattering spectrum of the single hybrid nanocavity, which is ascribed to the strong coupling between the nanocavity mode and the excitonic mode. Then, we used the finite difference time domain method to simulate these hybrid systems. By changing the thickness of the shell of the Ag@Au HNC, we can tune the surface plasmon resonance peak position of HNCs to match the exciton energy of the monolayer WS2. The strong couplings were realized via the calculated scattering spectra. The calculated results were consistent with the experimental results. Furthermore, the mode volume of different nanostructures was discussed, and the mode volume of HNCs is smaller than other solid ones at the same plasmonic resonance wavelength, which also indicates that its ability to restrict an electromagnetic field is stronger. This study provides an ideal platform for the strong coupling of a single nanocavity at room temperature and has broad application prospects in the field of single-photon devices.
Second law of information dynamics
Authors: Vopson Melvin M. , Lepadatu S.
Published: July 2022

One of the most powerful laws in physics is the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of any system remains constant or increases over time. In fact, the second law is applicable to the evolution of the entire universe and Clausius stated, “The entropy of the universe tends to a maximum.” Here, we examine the time evolution of information systems, defined as physical systems containing information states within Shannon’s information theory framework. Our observations allow the introduction of the second law of information dynamics (infodynamics). Using two different information systems, digital data storage and a biological RNA genome, we demonstrate that the second law of infodynamics requires the information entropy to remain constant or to decrease over time. This is exactly the opposite to the evolution of the physical entropy, as dictated by the second law of thermodynamics. The surprising result obtained here has massive implications for future developments in genomic research, evolutionary biology, computing, big data, physics, and cosmology.
A whole-of-community program of advance care planning for end-of-life care
Authors: Scott Ian A. , Reymond Liz , Sansome Xanthe , Miller Leyton
Published: July 2022

Since 2015 a whole-of-community program to promote advance care planning (ACP) within one Queensland Hospital and Health Service (HHS) catchment has spread statewide, financed by Queensland Health (QH) agencies and led by the Statewide Office of Advance Care Planning (SOACP). The program aims to identify ACP-eligible patients, invite and finalise ACP discussions, and ensure documented care preferences are easily retrievable by clinicians to guide future care if a person loses capacity. The SOACP established a digital infrastructure whereby quality-audited ACP documents are uploaded to a software platform accessible to all QH clinicians, private medical specialists, ambulance paramedics, general practitioners (GPs), and registered nurses, including those in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). The SOACP also hosts a website providing resources for clinicians and patients, delivers educational events and mentorship to GPs and hospital and RACF staff, and employs ACP facilitators working across all QH HHSs. The program has seen yearly increases in the numbers of ACP documents uploaded from around the state, with up to 79% of eligible patients in some hospitals receiving ACP, significant ACP uptake in RACFs, and acceptance by GPs to engage in ACP. Audits reveal high concordance between stated preferences and hospital care received, and ACP patients, compared to matched non-ACP controls, more frequently die out of hospital, have fewer inpatient days during their last 6 months of life, and receive less invasive care, with similar results seen among same-patient cohorts post-ACP. Barriers and enablers to ACP have been identified which will inform program evolution.
Shade effect on behaviour, physiology, performance, and carcass weight of heat-stressed feedlot steers in humid subtropical area
Authors: Canozzi M. E. A. , Clariget J. , Roig G. , Pérez E. , Aznárez V. , Banchero G. , La Manna A.
Published: July 2022

Context Environmental conditions during hot weather decrease feed intake and cattle growth. Aims This study conducted over three consecutive years, during the summer, evaluated access to shade as a strategy to mitigate heat stress of finishing cattle in Uruguay. Methods Each year, 32 Bos taurus and/or Bos taurus crossbred steers (initially weighing 461 ± 28 kg) were blocked by initial liveweight and assigned to one of eight pens, where one of two treatments were applied, namely, no shade access or shade access (mean shaded area 4.5 m2/animal). Finishing diet was offered three times per day and cattle had ad libitum access to water. Twenty-four pens were considered in a randomised complete-block design. Average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency were measured, and hot carcass weight was collected at slaughter. Ruminal pH and temperature were obtained using ruminal boluses. Feeding, drinking, rumination, inactive behaviours, respiration rate and painting score were observed. Key results Mean days on feed were 70.6 ± 5.5. The average THI ranged from 70 to 72. Steers with access to shade had greater DMI (P = 0.003), ADG (P = 0.004), and feed:gain ratio (P = 0.05) than did not shaded steers. Ruminal pH was higher (P < 0.0001) in shaded than in not shaded animals. The slaughter weight of shaded steers was 10 kg greater (P = 0.02) than that of not shaded steers. A trend (P = 0.06) to higher hot carcass weight after dressing was obtained by shaded steers. The average respiration rate and panting score was consistently lower (P < 0.0001) for shaded than for not shaded steers, except in the early morning. Access to shade increased the time spent by animals feeding (P = 0.008) and ruminating (P = 0.001), decreasing inactive time (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Shade could improve performance and welfare of feedlot cattle during summertime, even in regions with an average THI from 70 to 72. Implications Access to shade allowed fattening cattle to dissipate heat stored during the day at night and to alleviate the effect of heat load during summer in subtropical region.
Palliative medicine Master Classes for primary care: an evaluation
Authors: Landers Amanda , Jenkins Raewyn , Honkoop Persijn J.
Published: July 2022

Introduction General practitioners (GP) are key in the delivery of primary palliative care in the community, so appropriate knowledge and skills are needed. Previous research has suggested there may be gaps in training opportunities. Aims To develop and evaluate a Master Class series presented by a hospice palliative care service to their local GPs and other health-care professionals. A secondary aim was to measure the lasting impacts of the educational intervention. Methods The study setting was the Canterbury region of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). GPs and other health-care professionals were surveyed using a research team-designed questionnaire rating self confidence in the nominated learning objectives before and after the Master Classes. The participants were also asked to self-rate the application of the knowledge to their practice 3 years after the Master Class sessions were attended. Results There were 56 sets of questionnaires completed. The participants tended to be experienced female GPs with a range of palliative care patients in their practice. There was significant improvement in most learning outcomes across the Master Classes series. The attendees reported the Master Classes were relevant and clear, with useful resources. The improvements in the learning outcomes were largely sustained over 3 years. Discussion The provision of palliative care education that aligns with clinical practice improves knowledge, skills and confidence in GPs who provide most of the end-of-life care in New Zealand.
Mass spectrometry imaging to explore molecular heterogeneity in cell culture
Authors: Bien Tanja , Koerfer Krischan , Schwenzfeier Jan , Dreisewerd Klaus , Soltwisch Jens
Published: July 2022

Molecular analysis on the single-cell level represents a rapidly growing field in the life sciences. While bulk analysis from a pool of cells provides a general molecular profile, it is blind to heterogeneities between individual cells. This heterogeneity, however, is an inherent property of every cell population. Its analysis is fundamental to understanding the development, function, and role of specific cells of the same genotype that display different phenotypical properties. Single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) aims to provide broad molecular information for a significantly large number of cells to help decipher cellular heterogeneity using statistical analysis. Here, we present a sensitive approach to single-cell MS based on high-resolution MALDI-2-MS imaging in combination with MALDI-compatible staining and use of optical microscopy. Our approach allowed analyzing large amounts of unperturbed cells directly from the growth chamber. Confident coregistration of both modalities enabled a reliable compilation of single-cell mass spectra and a straightforward inclusion of optical as well as mass spectrometric features in the interpretation of data. The resulting multimodal datasets permit the use of various statistical methods like machine learning–driven classification and multivariate analysis based on molecular profile and establish a direct connection of MS data with microscopy information of individual cells. Displaying data in the form of histograms for individual signal intensities helps to investigate heterogeneous expression of specific lipids within the cell culture and to identify subpopulations intuitively. Ultimately, t-MALDI-2-MSI measurements at 2-µm pixel sizes deliver a glimpse of intracellular lipid distributions and reveal molecular profiles for subcellular domains.
Single-molecule analysis of actin filament debranching by cofilin and GMF
Authors: Chung Johnson , Goode Bruce L. , Gelles Jeff
Published: July 2022

Eukaryotic cells contain branched actin networks that are essential for endocytosis, motility, and other key cellular processes. These networks, which are formed by filamentous actin and the Arp2/3 complex, must subsequently be debranched to allow network remodeling and to recycle the Arp2/3 complex. Debranching appears to be catalyzed by two different members of the actin depolymerizing factor homology protein family: cofilin and glial maturation factor (GMF). However, their mechanisms of debranching are only partially understood. Here, we used single-molecule fluorescence imaging of Arp2/3 complex and actin filaments under physiological ionic conditions to observe debranching by GMF and cofilin. We demonstrate that cofilin, like GMF, is an authentic debrancher independent of its filament-severing activity and that the debranching activities of the two proteins are additive. While GMF binds directly to the Arp2/3 complex, cofilin selectively accumulates on branch–junction daughter filaments in tropomyosin-decorated networks just prior to debranching events. Quantitative comparison of debranching rates with the known kinetics of cofilin–actin binding suggests that cofilin occupancy of a particular single actin site at the branch junction is sufficient to trigger debranching. In rare cases in which the order of departure could be resolved during GMF- or cofilin-induced debranching, the Arp2/3 complex left the branch junction bound to the pointed end of the daughter filament, suggesting that both GMF and cofilin can work by destabilizing the mother filament–Arp2/3 complex interface. Taken together, these observations suggest that GMF and cofilin promote debranching by distinct yet complementary mechanisms.
The influence of social norms varies with “others” groups: Evidence from COVID-19 vaccination intentions
Authors: Rabb Nathaniel , Bowers Jake , Glick David , Wilson Kevin H. , Yokum David
Published: July 2022

The theory that health behaviors spread through social groups implies that efforts to control COVID-19 through vaccination will succeed if people believe that others in their groups are getting vaccinated. But “others” can refer to many groups, including one’s family, neighbors, fellow city or state dwellers, or copartisans. One challenge to examining these understudied distinctions is that many factors may confound observed relationships between perceived social norms (what people believe others do) and intended behaviors (what people themselves will do), as there are plausible common causes for both. We address these issues using survey data collected in the United States during late fall 2020 (n= 824) and spring 2021 (n= 996) and a matched design that approximates pair-randomized experiments. We find a strong relationship between perceived vaccination social norms and vaccination intentions when controlling for real risk factors (e.g., age), as well as dimensions known to predict COVID-19 preventive behaviors (e.g., trust in scientists). The strength of the relationship declines as the queried social group grows larger and more heterogeneous. The relationship for copartisans is second in magnitude to that of family and friends among Republicans but undetectable for Democrats. Sensitivity analysis shows that these relationships could be explained away only by an unmeasured variable with large effects (odds ratios between 2 and 15) on social norms perceptions and vaccination intentions. In addition, a prediction from the “false consensus” view that intentions cause perceived social norms is not supported. We discuss the implications for public health policy and understanding social norms.
The impact of paleoclimatic changes on body size evolution in marine fishes
Authors: Troyer Emily M. , Betancur-R Ricardo , Hughes Lily C. , Westneat Mark , Carnevale Giorgio , White William T. , Pogonoski John J. , Tyler James C. , Baldwin Carole C. , Ortí Guillermo , Brinkworth Andrew , Clavel Julien , Arcila Dahiana
Published: July 2022

Body size is an important species trait, correlating with life span, fecundity, and other ecological factors. Over Earth’s geological history, climate shifts have occurred, potentially shaping body size evolution in many clades. General rules attempting to summarize body size evolution include Bergmann’s rule, which states that species reach larger sizes in cooler environments and smaller sizes in warmer environments, and Cope’s rule, which poses that lineages tend to increase in size over evolutionary time. Tetraodontiform fishes (including pufferfishes, boxfishes, and ocean sunfishes) provide an extraordinary clade to test these rules in ectotherms owing to their exemplary fossil record and the great disparity in body size observed among extant and fossil species. We examined Bergmann’s and Cope’s rules in this group by combining phylogenomic data (1,103 exon loci from 185 extant species) with 210 anatomical characters coded from both fossil and extant species. We aggregated data layers on paleoclimate and body size from the species examined, and inferred a set of time-calibrated phylogenies using tip-dating approaches for downstream comparative analyses of body size evolution by implementing models that incorporate paleoclimatic information. We found strong support for a temperature-driven model in which increasing body size over time is correlated with decreasing oceanic temperatures. On average, extant tetraodontiforms are two to three times larger than their fossil counterparts, which otherwise evolved during periods of warmer ocean temperatures. These results provide strong support for both Bergmann’s and Cope’s rules, trends that are less studied in marine fishes compared to terrestrial vertebrates and marine invertebrates.
Gd
2
O
3
-mesoporous silica/gold nanoshells: A potential dual
T
1
/
T
2
contrast agent for MRI-guided localized near-IR photothermal therapy
Authors: Kadria-Vili Yara , Neumann Oara , Zhao Yage , Nordlander Peter , Martinez Gary V. , Bankson James A. , Halas Naomi J.
Published: July 2022

A promising clinical trial utilizing gold-silica core-shell nanostructures coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been reported for near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy (PTT) of prostate cancer. The next critical step for PTT is the visualization of therapeutically relevant nanoshell (NS) concentrations at the tumor site. Here we report the synthesis of PEGylated Gd
2
O
3
-mesoporous silica/gold core/shell NSs (Gd
2
O
3
-MS NSs) with NIR photothermal properties that also supply sufficient MRI contrast to be visualized at therapeutic doses (≥10
8
NSs per milliliter). The nanoparticles have
r
1
relaxivities more than three times larger than those of conventional
T
1
contrast agents, requiring less concentration of Gd
3+
to observe an equivalent signal enhancement in
T
1
-weighted MR images. Furthermore, Gd
2
O
3
-MS NS nanoparticles have
r
2
relaxivities comparable to those of existing
T
2
contrast agents, observed in agarose phantoms. This highly unusual combination of simultaneous
T
1
and
T
2
contrast allows for MRI enhancement through different approaches. As a rudimentary example, we demonstrate
T
1
/
T
2
ratio MR images with sixfold contrast signal enhancement relative to its
T
1
MRI and induced temperature increases of 20 to 55 °C under clinical illumination conditions. These nanoparticles facilitate MRI-guided PTT while providing real-time temperature feedback through thermal MRI mapping.
Yoda1’s energetic footprint on Piezo1 channels and its modulation by voltage and temperature
Authors: Wijerathne Tharaka D. , Ozkan Alper D. , Lacroix Jérôme J.
Published: July 2022

Piezo1 channels are essential mechanically activated ion channels in vertebrates. Their selective activation by the synthetic chemical activator Yoda1 opened new avenues to probe their gating mechanisms and develop novel pharmaceuticals. Yet, the nature and extent of Piezo1 functions modulated by this small molecule remain unclear. Here we close this gap by conducting a comprehensive biophysical investigation of the effects of Yoda1 on mouse Piezo1 in mammalian cells. Using calcium imaging, we first show that cysteine bridges known to inhibit mechanically evoked Piezo1 currents also inhibit activation by Yoda1, suggesting Yoda1 acts by energetically modulating mechanosensory domains. The presence of Yoda1 alters single-channel dwell times and macroscopic kinetics consistent with a dual and reciprocal energetic modulation of open and shut states. Critically, we further discovered that the electrophysiological effects of Yoda1 depend on membrane potential and temperature, two other Piezo1 modulators. This work illuminates a complex interplay between physical and chemical modulators of Piezo1 channels.
Friction-driven membrane scission by the human ESCRT-III proteins CHMP1B and IST1
Authors: Cada A. King , Pavlin Mark R. , Castillo Juan P. , Tong Alexander B. , Larsen Kevin P. , Ren Xuefeng , Yokom Adam L. , Tsai Feng-Ching , Shiah Jamie V. , Bassereau Patricia M. , Bustamante Carlos J. , Hurley James H.
Published: July 2022

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) system is an ancient and ubiquitous membrane scission machinery that catalyzes the budding and scission of membranes. ESCRT-mediated scission events, exemplified by those involved in the budding of HIV-1, are usually directed away from the cytosol (“reverse topology”), but they can also be directed toward the cytosol (“normal topology”). The ESCRT-III subunits CHMP1B and IST1 can coat and constrict positively curved membrane tubes, suggesting that these subunits could catalyze normal topology membrane severing. CHMP1B and IST1 bind and recruit the microtubule-severing AAA
+
ATPase spastin, a close relative of VPS4, suggesting that spastin could have a VPS4-like role in normal-topology membrane scission. Here, we reconstituted the process in vitro using membrane nanotubes pulled from giant unilamellar vesicles using an optical trap in order to determine whether CHMP1B and IST1 are capable of membrane severing on their own or in concert with VPS4 or spastin. CHMP1B and IST1 copolymerize on membrane nanotubes, forming stable scaffolds that constrict the tubes, but do not, on their own, lead to scission. However, CHMP1B–IST1 scaffolded tubes were severed when an additional extensional force was applied, consistent with a friction-driven scission mechanism. We found that spastin colocalized with CHMP1B-enriched sites but did not disassemble the CHMP1B–IST1 coat from the membrane. VPS4 resolubilized CHMP1B and IST1 without leading to scission. These observations show that the CHMP1B–IST1 ESCRT-III combination is capable of severing membranes by a friction-driven mechanism that is independent of VPS4 and spastin.
The acquisition of L2 Spanish intonation
Authors: Sánchez-Alvarado Covadonga
Published: July 2022

This study examines the developmental patterns manifested in the intonational grammar of American English-speaking learners of Spanish based on their use of intonational features (e.g., [±delayed peak], [±deaccentuation], or [±compression]) involved in focus marking in three different discursive contexts (i.e., broad focus, informational subject focus and corrective subject focus). The data, collected through a Question & Answer pairs task performed by learners and native speakers, suggests that while development towards the target language is possible, it is constrained by markedness and learnability. The analysis of the results is framed within Mennen’s L2 Intonation Learning theory, which considers the multidimensionality that characterizes intonational grammars and the complexity of the acquisition process as a result of it. Individual factors related to the learners’ experience (i.e., experience abroad and hours of exposure) were examined and extended periods of immersion (i.e., more than 8 months) were found to have a positive effect.
Language simplification in endangered languages?
Authors: Andrason Alexander , Sullivan John , Olko Justyna
Published: July 2022

The present paper examines a hypothetical correlation between language endangerment and the simplification of nominal and verbal inflections. After contrasting the complexities exhibited by two endangered languages (Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl and Wymysorys) with the complexities of their non-endangered predecessors (Older Nahuatl and Middle High German, respectively), the authors conclude that the endangerment-simplification entanglement cannot be demonstrated. First, although Wymysorys (a more endangered code) is slightly more simplified than Nahuatl (a less endangered code) as far as the nominal domain is concerned, this relationship is reversed in the verbal domain. Second, simplifying tendencies are not radical, with a number of innovative complexifying processes being also present. Third, when attested, simplification constitutes part of a “natural” language evolution rather than a process resulting from the endangerment.
Critical undercooling of growth mode transition in undercooled Al-80%Si-1.0%P alloy
Authors: Dang Bo , Jian Zengyun , Xu Junfeng
Published: July 2022

Herein, the critical undercooling of growth mode transitions in highly undercooled Al-80%Si-1.0%P alloys were investigated by high-speed video to observe and record the growth process. Under low undercooling, the dendrites with special edges of primary silicon solidify from the undercooled melt and show lateral growth characteristics. As undercooling increases, the primary silicon grows as blocky and dendritic shapes, indicating mixed growth characteristics. With sufficiently high undercooling, the sample's surface exhibits the equiaxed primary silicon and shows non-lateral growth characteristics. The experimentally determined critical undercooling for the growth mode transition of primary silicon in undercooled Al-80%Si-1.0%P alloys are 125 and 225 K, and are consistent with the theoretically predicted values, 112 and 208 K, respectively.
K-doped Ba122 epitaxial thin film on MgO substrate by buffer engineering
Authors: Qin Dongyi , Iida Kazumasa , Guo Zimeng , Wang Chao , Saito Hikaru , Hata Satoshi , Naito Michio , Yamamoto Akiyasu
Published: July 2022

Molecular beam epitaxy of K-doped Ba122 (Ba1−x
K
x
Fe2As2) superconductor was realized on an MgO substrate. Microstructural observation revealed that the undoped Ba122 served as a perfect buffer layer for epitaxial growth of the K-doped Ba122. The film exhibited a high critical temperature of 39.8 K and a high critical current density of 3.9 MA cm−2 at 4 K. The successful growth of epitaxial thin film will enable artificial single grain boundary on oxide bicrystal substrates and reveal the grain boundary transport nature of K-doped Ba122.
Nanocalcium of Pila ampullacea Shell incorporated into Feed on Molting and Growth Performance of Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus
Authors: Jabbar F. B. A , Ansar M. , Ardiansyah
Published: July 2022

Freshwater snailPila ampullaceashell can be used as alternative for calcium source. The shell has been known as solid waste and it also has been a major problem in the agriculture field. The present study aims to determine the effect of nanocalcium made fromP.ampullaceashell to improve the molting and growth performance of red claw crayfishCherax quadricarinatus.A laboratory study was conducted for four weeks of feeding trials using 120 freshwater crayfishC. quadricarinatus.A total of four different levels of nanocalcium regimes including 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% were applied for experimental treatments and each treatment regime consisted of three replicates. Data was collected on molting frequency, absolute weight growth, specific growth rate, survival rate, food conversion ratio, and water quality parameters. The results suggests that dietary nanocalcium treatments were significantly different in absolute weight growth, specific growth rate, and molting frequency, survival rate. However, the nanocalcium ofP.ampullaceashell showed no significant difference in feed conversion ratio. The highest absolute weight growth, specific growth rate, molting frequency, survival rate was obtained from 2% of dietaryP.ampullaceananocalcium.
Effectiveness of Liquid Smoke as a Source of Acetic Acid in Lowering Heavy Metals Levels in Blood Cockle (Anadara granosa)
Authors: Swastawati F , Riyadi P H , Mulyono M , Nugraheni A , Muniroh M , Hidayati A N
Published: July 2022

Blood cockle (Anadara granosa) can accumulate heavy metals in the waters. The purpose of this study was to analyze the heavy metal content of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in blood cockle in Jepara waters through fish landing area Kedung and to determine the effectiveness of liquid smoke as a source of acetic acid in reducing heavy metal in blood cockle. The addition of liquid smoke concentrations of 0%, 4%, 5%, and 6% in distilled water, then the blood cockle soaked for 60 minutes and repeated 3 times. Control and blood cockle soaked in liquid smoke were tested for heavy metals (ICP-MS), protein, water, pH, and organoleptic levels. Heavy metal levels of lead, cadmium and arsenic in blood cockle in Jepara were 0.41±0.08(mg/kg), 1.25±0.07(mg/kg), and 1.28±0.17(mg/kg). The results showed a significant difference P<5% in the reduction of heavy metals with liquid smoke. The lowest decreasing value at concentration of 4% of 25 until 27%, while the highest decrease was at a concentration of 6% 57 until 78%. Soaking blood cockle with liquid smoke as source of acetic acid effectively reduces heavy metal levels and maintains the quality of blood cockle.
Application of modified starch on glass bioplastic based on carrageenan from Eucheuma cottonii on mechanic and biodegradation properties
Authors: Triani T A , Alamsjah M A , Pujiastuti D Y
Published: July 2022

Polysaccharides from carrageenan have potential as bioplastic forming materials. Bioplastics have water resistance (hydrophobic) properties which can be improved by using modified starch. Modified Starch is a material that can reduce the hydrophilic properties of bioplastics. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of modified starch application on carrageenan- based glass bioplastics on biodegradability and water resistance and to determine the best bioplastic formulation for biodegradability and water resistance. This research was conducted using experimental methods in the biodegradation test and the resistance or swelling test. The experimental method in this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) at a significance level of 5% (α = 0.05). The results of this study indicate that the addition of high modified starch can increase the water resistance of bioplastics but the addition of high modified starch will result in slower biodegradability.
Nursery tecnique of gouramy fish (osphronemus goramy) at instalasi perikanan budidaya, pasuruan, east java
Authors: Asfani Jamal , Lutfiyah Lailatul
Published: July 2022

Gouramy is one of the freshwater consumption fish which has high economic value. Goramy including consumption fish which is superior in cultivation activities, but the availability of carp seeds cannot meet the very high market demand. So the proper and sustainable cultivation of goramy is needed to meet market demand. The purpose of this study was to determine the techniques and constraints of goramy nursery. The method used is descriptive method with data collection including primary data and secondary data. This research was carried out in 23 December 2019 - 22 January 2020 at the Instalasi Perikanan Budidaya (IPB), Pasuruan, East Java. The stages of gouramy nursery techniques include pond preparation, seed distribution, feeding, water quality management and handling of pests and diseases.
Quality and Halal Certification of Micro and Small Enterprises Fishery Products in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sukoso  , Al Huda P T , Muyasyaroh H , Susanti Y A D , Adila L H
Published: July 2022

Fish is a potential source of protein in supporting the nutritional adequacy of Indonesian people. Fish are obtained from cultivation and catching efforts. The research results in Sidoarjo showed that the source of raw materials is dominated by the cultivation (aquaculture) of the type of fish Bandeng marketed in fresh form. On the other hand, processed fishery products in micro and small enterprises are dominated by processing fish Bandeng into smoke products, presto, and otak-otak. This business option is done for capital reasons, ease of process and technology, marketing reach (demand and suplay), and ability to fulfill market absorption. The National lockdown (PSBB) and Local lockdown (PPKM) conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic require that almost all activities be carried out from home; this impacts production activities in UMKM due to shaky raw material supply chains and limited market access and a decrease in people's purchasing power. So that micro and small enterprises a very significant reduction in production. Meanwhile, the condition of product quality is still far from standard. This encourages research concepts that allow micro and small enterprises to have awareness in improving product quality and conducting halal certification.
Diet and feeding strategy of the common silver-biddy, Gerres oyena (Forsskål 1775) in the seagrass beds of Karang Congkak Island, Kepulauan Seribu National Park
Authors: Putri A K , Nazal M F , Simanjuntak C P H
Published: July 2022

Diet and feeding ecology studies are a principal tool to understand the functional role of fish within their habitat. Like most coastal habitats, seagrass meadow provides food and refuge for many biotas. Karang Congkak Island is a small uninhabited island situated in the northern part of the Kepulauan Seribu National Park and surrounded by a seagrass ecosystem. The current study aims to analyze diet composition changes and trophic attributes of the common silver-biddy,Gerres oyena, in the seagrass ecosystem of the Karang Congkak Island. The research was carried out monthly from March to September 2018 by towing the beach seine net. Data analysis includes diet composition, niche breadth, and feeding strategy. During the study period, 1,196 individuals ofG. oyenawere captured, and most of them were juveniles. Fifty-nine types of prey were documented and arranged into six groups, namely phytoplankton, algae, zooplankton, zoobenthos, crustaceans, and unidentified material.G. oyenashows an ontogenetic change, from zooplanktivore to crustacivore and zoobenthivore. Moreover, this species has a TROPH value ranging from 3.00-3.31 and is categorized as omnivorous that tend to feed on animals. The interpretation of prey-specific abundance and niche breadth confirms that this species developed specialized and generalized feeding strategies.
Application of modified starch on plastic bag bioplastic based on carrageenan from Eucheuma cottonii on mechanic and biodegradation properties
Authors: Sofianto R A , Alamsjah M A , Pujiastuti D Y
Published: July 2022

Types of polysaccharides such as carrageenan are potential materials used as biofilms. Modified starch is a material that can reduce the hydrophilic properties and increase the mechanical properties of bioplastics. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of using carrageenan and modified starch on mechanical properties and biodegradation. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design factorial. The treatments applied were the concentrations of carrageenan (2 and 3 gram) and modified starch (0, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 gram). The results showed that the addition of high carrageenan increased tensile strength, water resistance but decreased elongation and slowed biodegradation. The addition of modified starch improves the mechanical properties but slowed the biodegradation.
Characterizations of Milkfish Sauce on Amino Acid Content with Variations in Addition of Salt and Pineapple Extract Concentration
Authors: Listyaningrum N. P. , Lailatussifa R. , Andayani T. R.
Published: July 2022

Fish sauce is synonymous with salty taste and distinctive fish aroma. The good quality of fish sauce is supported by the amino acid content, proximate analysis and the assessment of the organoleptic preferences of the product by the panelists. This research aimed to determine the effect of increasing the concentration of pineapple extract on the organoleptic characteristics of fish sauce and the most abundant amino acid content in fish sauce and the best quality of fish sauce treatments. The research is based on randomized design of 4 days fermentation with salt : pineapple extract concentration ratio of 20%:5%, 20%:10%, 15%:15% and 25%:20% respectively. Research analysis such as amino acid content and proximate analysis were evaluated by the ANOVA test and DMRT test, while organoleptic test was evaluated by Kruskal Wallis test. The higher of the concentration of pineapple extract, the lower of amino acid content of the fish and the taste getting sourer. The best treatment for milkfish sauce was found in the treatment with salt concentration : pineapple extract = 15%:15% indicated by the highest amino acid content of glutamate, lysine and aspartate compared to other treatments, the highest protein content and water content and the best organoleptic assessment.
Growth pattern and abundance of Varuna Literatta (Fabricius, 1798) in the new industrial area in the north coast of Gresik, East Java
Authors: Fariedah F , Widodo M S , Yuwanita R
Published: July 2022

Varuna literatta (Fabricius, 1798) is one of the organisms that inhabit the estuary area facing the sea and will enter the estuary area at high tide. V. literatta has been caught throughout the year in its whole form or its eggs are used to meet human consumption needs as a source of animal protein, besides that V. literatta has a very important role in maintaining the balance of aquatic ecosystems. The presence of V. literatta in the waters as a decomposer which is able to provide the nutrients needed by primary producers in these waters. On the other hand, there has been no attempt to domesticate V. literatta, because according to the IUCN 2021 V. literatta in Southeast Asia is a species that has not been evaluated. This status can cause a decrease in the population of V. literatta because there is no regular evaluation and there are no rules that regulate the catch of V. literatta. This is reinforced by information obtained from fishermen that the catch of V. literatta from year to year is decreasing. This study aims to obtain information including reproductive aspects of V. literatta in an industrial area located on the coast of Gresik Regency. Sampling was carried out at three stations (Kalimireng river, Mengare river, Kalilamong river) at each high tide from June-August 2021. The samples obtained were then counted and differentiated between males and females, then body length and weight were measured to determine growth patterns and abundance. The results showed that the male and female V. literatta had a negative allometric growth pattern. The growth of V. literatta is also differentiated by sex. The highest abundance of V. literatta was obtained from Manyar station.
Effectiveness of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) cultivation in aquaponic system with three different plant against ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2), and nitrate (NO3)
Authors: Andriani S , Dewi N N , Rahardja B S
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine which plants are effective and can affect the concentration of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate in the cultivation of Striped Catfish in aquaponics systems. This research was conducted from 22 February to 23 March 2021 at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) research method with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The three plants used were kailan, lettuce, and pakcoy. One-way analysis (ANOVA) was used to compare the control group with the treatment at a significant level of P<0.05. Multiple Range Test (DUNCAN) was used to identify significant differences between the treatments. The results showed that the lowest concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate were obtained by the treatment using lettuce plants with values ranging from 0.039-0.723 mg/L, 0.207-0.370 mg/L, and 6.181-9.923 mg/L, respectively.
The effect of different feed on Ctenopoma (Ctenopoma acutirostre) production through survival rate and growth
Authors: Santanumurti M B , Alfarisi L , Santoso L , Hudaidah S
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to determine the effects of different feed on growth rate and survival rate of Ctenopoma (Ctenopoma acutirostre). Ctenopoma used in this study had weight 0,65 grams each from 300 fish and maintained in aquarium with dimention 20 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm used densities 5 fish/litre. This study used Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were A (silk worms), B (freezed blood worms), C (freezed artemia), D (freezed daphnia), and E (commercial feed). This study conducted for 60 days rearing with observed parameters such as spesific growth rate, length, weight, and survival rate. The data were analyst descriptively. Samples data were recorded and conducted on day 0, day 10, day 20, day 30, day 40, day 50, and day 60th. Treatment A were resulted highest growth with weight of 1.94 gram, SGR of 2.28%, and length of 1.38 cm although showed no different on survival rate.
Diversity of intertidal fishes in Porok Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Azizah E M , Puspaningrum N , Palupi D R , Fadlillah A A , Ismail A R , Nugroho E T , Effendi B M , Palupi F R , Putri Z N
Published: July 2022

Porok Beach is one of the beaches in Gunung Kidul which has high diversity of fish species, especially in the intertidal zone. The diversity of fish species in Porok Beach needs to be maintained for its sustainability. This research aims to determine the diversity of fish in the intertidal zone of Porok Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted on 17th October 2020 and 29th August 2021 with a purposive random sampling method by using a hand net. The results show that there are 5 families and 10 species of fish that were discovered, which consists of 5 species from family Pomacentridae: Pomacentrus brachialis, Stegastes obreptus, Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus, Abudefduf sordidus, and Abudefduf vaigiensis; 2 species from family Gobiidae: 1 individu of Acentrogobius caninus and 2 individu of Istigobius ornatus; 1 species from family Blenniidae: Blenniella gibbifrons; 1 species from family Clinidae: Springeratus xanthosoma; and 1 species from family Serranidae: Grammistes sexlineatus. This indicates that the condition of the intertidal zone in Porok Beach supports many fish species to live well.
Climate change impact on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in Banyuwangi, East Java
Authors: Yuniartik M , Setyaningrum E W , Yuniari S H , Faturakhmat S R , Prasetio H
Published: July 2022

Climate change negatively impacts the lives and livelihoods of humans, especially in coastal area. Shrimp farming is one of the activities in this area. Banyuwangi is the largest shrimp producers in East Java. The aim of this research is to know the impact of climate change on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in Banyuwangi, East Java. The present study was carried out (from June to July 2020). Focused area on Wongsorejo, Kalipuro, Kabat, Blimbingsari, Banyuwangi, Tegaldlimo and Muncar. The study was conducted using both primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques with survey and interview, and the instrument are questionnaire. Secondary data sources from literature and data from GIS. Analysis of the collected data was carried out using SPSS or an excel sheet, and geospatial tools (ArcGIS). The study shown that the climate change has an adequate effect on shrimp farming activities. This can be seen from the high percentage of production failures during the rainy season. Fluctuations in water quality also often occur in shrimp ponds. In addition, the incidence of disease sporadically appears in some ponds.
Evaluation on feeding with sente leaves and enrichment on the conditioning of giant gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) broodstock
Authors: Nashrullah S , Sari L A , Arshad S
Published: July 2022

Spawning in the aquaculture of giant gourami is an important factor which determines the success of production because it supports the sustainability and improvement of the quality and quantity of giant gourami fry in aquaculture activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feeding in the conditioning of giant gourami (Osphronemus gouramy) broodstock. The methodology carried out included the preparation of spawning ponds, broodstock selection, broodstock feeding, spawning, conditioning, nest inspection and egg collection, egg handling, egg hatching, and larval rearing. The eggs produced were 21.452 eggs with 18.714 fertilized eggs and 2,738 unfertilized eggs, and the Fertilization Rate (FR) value obtained during the study was 87.3%. Eggs that successfully hatched into larvae were as many as 16.238 while eggs that did not hatch were as many as 2.341 eggs, and the Hatching Rate (HR) value obtained was 87%. The water quality data obtained from the broodstock pond and the hatching pond included DO with a range of 5.88 – 6.11 mg/L, a temperature of 27.2°C – 28.2°C, and a pH ranging from 7.21 to 7.27.
Mass tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) mortality in floating net cages at Batur Lake, Bangli Regency, Bali Province: a case report
Authors: Wiradana P A , Yudha I K W , Mukti A T
Published: July 2022

The mass death of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is the cause of the outbreak of mass death of cultured fish in floating net cages in Batur Lake, Bangli, Bali. The data were collected employing a field survey as material for formulating countermeasures. The sampling area is the Batur Lake, Bangli area, the center for tilapia cultivation in Bali Province. The results of our field investigation show that the upwelling phenomenon caused the cause of the mass death that occurred. The incident happened at the beginning of August, which began with changes in water temperature and wind direction (wind-driven motion). Changes in water temperature cause a mass of nutrient-rich water to move to the lake's surface, thereby reducing dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, which are contained in the water. The high stocking density and accumulation of nutrients from agricultural and anthropogenic activities are the main factors for this outbreak. With this outbreak of mass mortality of cultured fish, the government and relevant authorities are expected to manage the health of the aquaculture environment wisely and issue circulars regarding this case, especially in the center of tilapia cultivation in Batur Lake.
Examination of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon) with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method
Authors: Fadilah A N , Fasya A H
Published: July 2022

Shrimp is one type of fishery commodity that can be processed into fishery products. Fishery products are included in the type of food that is susceptible to pathogenic microbial contamination. One type of pathogen that can contaminate the product the main fishery in shrimp is the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). The purpose of this study is to determine the technique of checking the WSSV virus on frozen products of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon). Research carried out in December 2019 – January 2020 at the Fish Quarantine, Quality Control and Safety of Fishery Products Surabaya II. The material used in the research is 3 samples of frozen tiger prawn product and 1 sample of frozen white shrimp product. Sample extracted using the Silica Extraction Kit and detected molecularly using the method conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This research is observational, then the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that all samples shrimp negative for WSSV virus.