bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Report of Chordoma Presenting as a Sphenoid Sinus Mass: A Diagnostic
Challenge
Authors: Bharti Jyotsna Naresh , Bharti Sushma
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Chordomas are midline tumors that arise from remnants of the primitive notochord, while the heterotopic rests are usually situated extradural within the bones of the axial skeleton. The tumor is locally aggressive with a high recurrence rate but rarely gives rise to metastasis.

Case Report:

A 55-year-old female presented with complaints of headache and intermittent vomiting
for six months and diminution of vision for the last four months. MRI, T1 weighted without contrast of
the paranasal sinus, suggested sphenoid sinus malignancy or metastasis. The mass was excised and
sent for histopathological examination. Based on the radiological findings, light microscopy, special
stains, and immunohistochemistry, a final diagnosis of chordoma was rendered.

Results:

The chordoma is a well-known entity at the skull base. Skull-based chordomas account for
only 0.1-0.2% of all chordomas. The incidence rate of chordomas is 0.08 per 100,000, with a higher
incidence rate of 0.1 in males than in females. However, chordoma presenting as a sphenoidal mass
will create a diagnostic challenge for all otorhinolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons.

Conclusion:

This case report aims to add this rare tumor to the differential diagnosis of neoplasms of
the sphenoid sinus.
Determination of rFVII Concentration in Cell Culture Supernatant Using
VIISelect Resin and RP-HPLC-UV
Authors: Khodadadian Mehdi , Zarezadeh Nahid , Behrouz Hossein , Ahsani Zeinab
Published: September 2022

Background:

Recombinant activated human coagulation factor VIIa (rFVIIa), a vitamin
K-dependent serine protease, was originally developed by Novo Nordisk® for the treatment of
patients with FVII deficiency as well as patients with hemophilia A and B with inhibitors against
FVIII or FIX. The gene for human FVII is cloned and expressed in baby hamster kidney (BHK)
cells, and the protein is secreted into the culture media, which is then converted to the active form
during chromatographic purification steps. When secreted into the culture media, measuring the
concentration levels of FVII is needed in order to monitor, control and optimize the production
processes. However, because of the high complexity of such media, reliable analytical techniques
are required for this purpose.

Objective:

This work focuses on the analytical application of VIISelect resin (GE Healthcare) as a
highly selective adsorbent for cleanup and preconcentration of rFVII in culture supernatant before
analysis by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).

Method:

Empty 1 ml SPE cartridges were packed with VIISelect resin. Four types of solutions
were used for the sample preparation. The RP-HPLC separation was conducted on a C4 column
with UV detection.

Results:

The method shows recoveries greater than 97% in culture medium with relative standard
deviations (RSDs) of less than 2%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.039 mg/L
and 0.12 mg/L, respectively.

Conclusion:

The method showed better performance in terms of precision and accuracy for rFVIIa
determination in cell culture supernatant compared to other techniques, like ELISA and SDSPAGE.
Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots based on Boletus speciosus
and Analysis of Metronidazole
Authors: Tu Yujiao , Liu Ze , Yuan Lin , Xiang Yingying , Song Fei , Jiang Lei
Published: September 2022

Background:

Metronidazole is widely used due to its clinical excellence in treating systemic
or local infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. However, it is easily soluble in water, not
easy to biodegrade and adsorb and stays for a long time in environments, causing great harm to human
health and food safety. Therefore, it is important to choose highly selective and sensitive methods
for metronidazole content determination in environments. In this paper, the edible fungus Boletus
speciosus was used as the carbon precursor to successfully prepare carbon dots by one-step hydrothermal
method, and were used to analyze metronidazole.

Methods:

Characterization of the prepared carbon dots from B. speciosus (Bs-CDs) were studied by Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction.

Results:

The linear equation was y=0.06231+0.01099x (R2=0.9970) with a metronidazole concentration
of 2.5~50 μM, and the detection limit was 71 nM. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of
Bs-CDs detecting metronidazole belonged to the internal filtration effect. Bs-CDs were applied to
detect metronidazole in actual water samples, presenting good sensitivity and a high recovery rate
(97.0~106.0%).

Conclusion:

This method provides a new idea for the application of carbon dots in metronidazole content detection.
Influence of Semax on the Level of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines
in Conditions of "Social" Stress
Authors: Yasenyavskaya Anna L. , Samotrueva Marina A. , Tsibizova Aleksandra A. , Bashkina Olga A. , Andreeva Liudmila A. , Myasoedov Nikolai F.
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

This study was devoted to the experimental study of the effect of Semax (Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro) on the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1) in conditions of "social" stress

Aim of the study:

to study the effect of Semax on the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1) under conditions of “social” stress.

Materials and methods:

White nonlinear rats (males, 6–8 months of age) were used as experimental animals. The animals were divided into groups: 1 – the control group (n=10); 2 – animals exposed to "social" stress (20 days) (n=10 aggressors/10 victims); 3 – rats exposed to "social" stress and receiving Semax intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 μg / kg / day (20 days) (n=10 aggressors/10 victims). Sensory contact was chosen as an experimental model of "social" stress. The level of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1) was determined by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

Currently, within the framework of the development of a direction to study the functioning of the unified cytokine network of the body, there is a need for a detailed analysis of changes in the production of individual cytokines during various pathophysiological reactions, including stressful effects. The experimental "social" stress is accompanied by an increase in the production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, which allowed us to consider stress as the main inducer of the production of cytokines of the family of proinflammatory interleukins and various growth factors. It was previously thought that inflammation and the immune response are the only factors capable of causing the production of most cytokines. In recent years, scientific works have appeared in which stress occupies an important place among the inducers of cytokine production. This fact has been confirmed by our experiments. Experimental "social" stress is accompanied by changes in the production of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, which allowed us to consider stress as the main inducer of the production of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors.

Conclusion:

Evaluation of the effect of Semax on the level of cytokines under conditions of "social" stress showed that the effect of Semax is aimed at restoring the level of the studied cytokines in the group of stressed animals.
Current Cannabidiol Safety: A Review
Authors: Singh Chander , Rao Komal , Yadav Nikita , Vashist Yogesh , Chugh Palak , Bansal Nidhi , Minocha Neha
Published: September 2022

Background:

Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is the second most widely used illegal
psychoactive substance smoked worldwide after tobacco, mainly due to the psychoactive effects
induced by D-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC). Cannabidiol (CBD) is extracted from cannabis
and may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Some patents on cannabidiol are discussed in
this review. The cannabinoid is a non-psychoactive isomer of the more infamous tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC); and is available in several administration modes, most known as CBD oil.

Objectives:

This study aims to provide an enhanced review of cannabidiol properties used in treating
inflammation. This review also emphasises the current safety profile of cannabidiol.

Method:

Cannabis is also called Marijuana. It is the second most commonly used illegal psychoactive
substance in the universe after tobacco. D-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) present in cannabis
produces psychoactive effects. Cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from cannabis is used for antiinflammatory
purposes. Cannabis smoking causes various types of cancer, such as lung, tongue,
and jaw. The current review took literature from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Google Patents.
Many clinical investigations are included in this review.

Result:

After analysing the literature on cannabis, it has been suggested that although cannabis is
banned in some countries, it may be included in the treatment and mitigation of some diseases and
symptoms like pain management, epilepsy, cancer, and anxiety disorder. Mild side effects were
frequently observed in cannabis medications, which included infertility in females, liver damage,
etc.

Conclusion:

Cannabis contains chemical compounds such as the cannabinoids delta-9-
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive substance, and non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD).
Cannabidiol has been confirmed as an efficient treatment of epilepsy in several clinical trials, with
one pure CBD product named Epidiolex. It is also used in treating anxiety and acne, as a pain reliever,
and has anti-inflammatory properties.
Clinical, Radiographic, and Histologic Outcomes of Regenerative Endodontic Treatment in Human Immature Teeth Using Different Biological Scaffolds: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Vatankhah Mohammadreza , Najary Shaghayegh , Dianat Omid
Published: September 2022

Background:

Biological scaffolds such as blood clot (BC), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet- rich fibrin (PRF), and platelet pellet (PP) are used in regenerative endodontic treatments (RETs).

Objective:

To systematically and quantitatively evaluate clinical, radiographic, and histologic outcomes of RET studies using different biological scaffolds.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane library, and Embase were searched to identify studies on RET procedures with any scaffold type performed on immature non-vital human teeth, employing any type of biological scaffold. Clinical, radiographic, and histologic outcomes were extracted. Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool and Newcastle–Ottawa scale were used for quality assessment. Random and fixed model meta-analysis was carried out with 95% confidence interval.

Results:

Thirty-two studies were included in the qualitative analysis from the primarily retrieved 1895 studies. Only one study had high risk of bias and 71.8% of the studies had high quality. None of the studies reported any histologic findings. Thirty studies were included in meta-analysis. Clinical success rate of RET using either BC, PRP, or PRF was >99%. Furthermore, 32%, 23%, and 27% of BC, PRP, and PRF cases regained vitality, respectively. Periapical healing was seen in 67%, 75%, and 100% of BC, PRP, and PRF cases, respectively. There was no statistical difference between BC, PRP, or PRF regarding clinical success or any radiographic outcomes.

Conclusion:

There was no significant difference between BC, PRP, and PRF in terms of clinical and radiographic outcomes. When it is difficult or dangerous to induce bleeding in root canals, PRP and PRF may be employed instead.
The Impediments of Cancer Stem Cells and An Exploration into the Nanomedical
Solutions for Glioblastoma
Authors: Jain Harshil , Dhawan Priyal , Rao Sahana , Lalwani Nikita , Shand Harshita
Published: September 2022

Glioblastoma is an aggressive and reccurent tumour that affects our brain and spinal cord with an extensively poor prognosis and death of the patient within 14-15 months of diagnosis. The tumour originates from astrocytes and therefore comes under the glioma known as astrocytoma. These tumours exhibit miscellaneous properties and contain cancer stem cells (CSCs). The stem cells exhibit diverse mechanisms through which these cells indulge in the proliferation and renewal of their systems. CSCs pose a significant obstacle as far as cancer therapy is concerned, which incorporates blocking important signalling pathways involved in CSCs’ self-renewal and survival which may also include inhibition of the ATP-binding cassette transporters. Nanomedicine, biomarkers and drug delivery technology-based approaches using nanoparticles have tremendous ability to tackle the restrictions impending clinical applications, such as diagnosis and targeting of CSC-specific agents. Nanocarrier-based therapeutic agents have shown a potential of penetrating CSCs and increasing drug accumulation in CSCs. Nanomedicine can overcome ATP-driven pump-mediated multidrug resistance while also reducing the harmful effects on non-cancerous cells. The objective of this review is to examine advantages of nanomedicine and the innovative approaches that have been explored to address the challenges presented by CSCs in order to control the progression of glioblastomas by developing novel nanotherapeutic interventions which target CSCs.
Molecular Docking Study of Potential Antimicrobial Photodynamic
Therapy as a Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: An In silico
Insight
Authors: Bahador Abbas , Pourhajibagher Maryam
Published: September 2022

Background:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly
spreading. Recently, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using safe and cost-effective photosensitizers
has been introduced as a valuable therapy for the eradication of microbial infections.

Objective:

This in silico study aimed to investigate the potential of aPDT against SARS-CoV-2 main
protease (MPro).

Methods:

In this study, to evaluate possible inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 during aPDT, a computational
model of the SARS-CoV-2 MPro was constructed in complex with emodin, resveratrol, pterin, and hypericin
as the natural photosensitizers.

Results:

According to the molecular docking analysis of protein-ligand complexes, emodin and
resveratrol with a high affinity for SARS-CoV-2 MPro showed binding affinity -7.65 and -6.81
kcal/mol, respectively. All natural photosensitizers with ligand efficiency less than 0.3 fulfilled all the
criteria of Lipinski’s, Veber’s, and Pfizer’s rules, except hypericin. Also, the results of molecular dynamic
simulation confirmed the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 MPro and inhibitor complexes.

Conclusion:

As the results showed, emodin, resveratrol, and pterin could efficiently interact with the
MPro of SARS CoV-2. It can be concluded that aPDT using these natural photosensitizers may be considered
a potential SARS-CoV-2 MPro inhibitor to control COVID-19.
COVID-19 Mass Vaccination and Flu Season: Concern for Decreased
Public Health Measures and Worsening the Influenza Situation
Authors: Falahi Shahab , Kenarkoohi Azra , Mohamadi Jasem , Pakzad Iraj , Sayyadi Hojjat
Published: September 2022

Reports show that other ordinary childhood infections like measles or Influenza are likely to reemerge. The re-emergence of infectious diseases may happen due to the direct impact of the pandemic on the community because of decreased access to health and medical services, interrupted transport systems, weaknesses in the supply chain, flight restrictions, closings of the border, and international trade problems. The most prevalent cause [60.9%] for low vaccine uptake and coverage during the current pandemic was fear of exposure to the COVID-19 virus outside the home. The expectation and hope that the pattern of reduction in transmission and number of influenza cases will continue over the next flu season depend on continued adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions and their long-term application. But there is always the fear and threat of increasing the spread of Influenza by reducing the movement restrictions and low adherence to protective health measures due to vaccination. So far, not much information has been published about the interaction between different infectious diseases in the background of the coronavirus pandemic and related interventions. The purpose of this article is to examine the general effects of the Covid-19 vaccination on the spread of Influenza in the coming seasons.
Micronutrients and Plant Food Bioactive Compounds Against Obesity
Related Diseases
Authors: Azzini Elena , Barnaba Lorenzo , Ciarapica Donatella , Polito Angela
Published: September 2022

Background:

The adipose tissue influences by an extensive crosstalk at the local and
systemic level the energy balance, including storage, mobilization, and utilization at both central
and peripheral sites in response to specific external stimuli or metabolic changes. The balance
between energy intake and expenditure is a delicate equilibrium among multifactorial aspects
ranging from genetic to environmental influences.

Aim:

The evidence from several recently published papers dealing with the topic of the beneficial
health effects of micronutrient and plant bioactive compounds on obesity and/or comorbidities
has been reported in this paper.

Methodology:

MEDLINE database (PubMed database; National Library of Medicine, Bethesda,
MD and Google Scholar) was searched by combining the terms of specific micronutrients and/or
plant bioactive compounds associated with obesity and related comorbidities. All English
language manuscripts published between 2005 and 2021 in the MEDLINE database were
searched, selected, and reviewed here.

Conclusion:

People do not consume single food or ingredients but global composite diets; thus,
the evaluation of mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety of vitamins and mineral and natural
bioactive compounds is still a challenge in research on nutrition and food supplements.
A Biotechnological Review on Patents Applied to Rubella Diagnosis
Authors: da Silva Jonatas Oliveira , dos Santos Michelli , Silva Ana Amélia Maia , Ferreira André Vinícius Fernandes , Nogueira Laís Moreira , Gandra Isadora Braga , Junior Silvio José Elisei Carvalho , Machado Juliana Martins , Gonçalves Ana Alice Maia , Giunchetti Rodolfo Cordeiro , Campos-da-Paz Mariana , Galdino Alexsandro Sobreira
Published: September 2022

Background:

Rubella, caused by the Rubella virus (RV), is considered a mild
self-limited illness. However, RV has teratogenic potential. Laboratory investigation plays
an important role in both diagnosis and surveillance of the disease. The main methods for
diagnosing Rubella are serological assays for the detection of specific IgM and molecular
assays for detecting viral RNA. However, some laboratories perform IgG avidity testing,
virus isolation and analysis of genetic sequence as tools to help Rubella eradication. The
importance of the diagnosis of Rubella involves the appropriate treatment of the disease,
because the Rubella clinical symptoms may be similar to those of other diseases, and the
population monitoring to avoid new emergent cases. This study addresses different methods
of diagnosing Rubella and contributes as a source of knowledge to assist health systems
in controlling the disease.

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to review the available patents regarding
Rubella diagnosis published in intellectual property databases, and provides an overview of
the technologies available for the diagnosis of Rubella.

Method:

The search strategy was based on the keywords searched separately or together
using a Boolean operator either in the patent title or abstract the time interval was restricted
to patents filed or granted from January 2009 until February 2022. The database used was
Google Patents.

Results:

This study analyzed 24 patent documents regarding strategies for the diagnosis of
Rubella. Of these, 15 patents disclose strategies for detecting Rubella antibodies, 7 patents
the detection of Rubella virus nucleic acid, and 2 patents the production of antibodies applied
in Rubella diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Rubella is still a public health problem in some countries, mainly those in development,
especially due to congenital Rubella syndrome, which can cause malformation
or fetal death. However, its diagnosis is challenging, due to similarity of symptoms with
other diseases, and for this reason, laboratory diagnosis is essential. Studies like this encourage
researchers and governments to invest in research to continue the development of
new products, using different areas of biotechnology, to solve society's problems, especially
diseases that have an impact on global health, such as Rubella.
Effects of Modafinil (Provigil) on Memory and Learning in Experimental
and Clinical Studies: From Molecular Mechanisms to Behaviour Molecular
Mechanisms and Behavioural Effects
Authors: Rahmani Mohammad Reza , Zamanian Mohammad Yassin , Karimvandi Mahdi Najafiani , Nikbakhtzadeh Marjan , Zahedi Elham , Bokov Dmitry Olegovich , Kujawska Małgorzata , Heidari Mahsa
Published: September 2022

Modafinil (MOD, 2‐diphenyl‐methyl‐sulphinil‐2‐acetamide) is a stimulant-like medicine
used to treat narcolepsy. Off-label uses include improving cognitive ability in the course of
other diseases. This review aims to discuss findings demonstrating the memory and learningenhancing
activity of MOD in experimental and clinical studies. We included behavioral evaluations
alongside the effects of MOD at the cellular and molecular level.
MOD in different animal disease models exerted beneficial effects on induced memory and
learning impairment, which in some cases were accompanied by modulation of neurotransmitter
pathways or neuroplastic capabilities, reducing oxidative stress, or expression of synaptic proteins.
Individuals treated with MOD showed improved memory and learning skills in different
conditions. These effects were associated with regulating brain activity in some participants, confirmed
by functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Presented herein, data support the use of MOD in treating memory and learning deficits in various
disease conditions.
Histopathological Evaluation of Nanocurcumin for Mitigation of Radiation-
Induced Small Intestine Injury
Authors: Bagheri Hamed , Najafi Masoud , Ghanbarzadeh Alireza , Farhood Bagher , Noodeh Farshid Alazmani , Mosaed Reza , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza
Published: September 2022

Aim:

In the current study, we aimed to mitigate radiation-induced small intestinal toxicity
using post-irradiation treatment with nano-micelle curcumin.

Background:

Small intestine is one of the most radiosensitive organs within the body. Wholebody
exposure to an acute dose of ionizing radiation may lead to severe injuries to this tissue and
may even cause death after some weeks.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate histopathological changes in the small intestine following
whole-body irradiation and treatment with nanocurcumin.

Materials and Methods:

Forty male Nordic Medical Research Institute mice were grouped into
control, treatment with 100 mg/kg nano-micelle curcumin, whole-body irradiation with cobalt-60
gamma-rays (dose rate of 60 cGy/min and a single dose of 7 Gy), and treatment with 100 mg/kg
nano-micelle curcumin 1 day after whole-body irradiation for 4 weeks. Afterward, all mice were
sacrificed for histopathological evaluation of their small intestinal tissues.

Results:

Irradiation led to severe damage to villi, crypts, glands as well as vessels, leading to
bleeding. Administration of nano-micelle curcumin after whole-body irradiation showed a statistically
significant improvement in radiation toxicity of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (including
a reduction in infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells, villi length shortening, goblet cells injury,
Lieberkühn glands injury and bleeding). Although treatment with nano-micelle curcumin showed
increased bleeding in the ileum for non-irradiated mice, its administration after irradiation was
able to reduce radiation-induced bleeding in the ileum.

Conclusion:

Treatment with nano-micelle curcumin may be useful for mitigation of radiationinduced
gastrointestinal system toxicity via suppression of inflammatory cells’ infiltration and
protection against villi and crypt shortening.
Effect of A Stress Management Program on the Stress and Occupation of Chiang Mai University Students
Authors: Joompathong Natthanit , Bunrayong Wannipa , Chupradit Supat
Published: September 2022

Background:

Stress is a problem that is often found in students due to their own expectations within themselves and those of others which students have to bear. Furthermore, stress occurs from the changes at the personnel, social, and environmental levels. This stress has an effect on the occupation of students.

Objective:

This study was conducted to develop a stress management program and increase the capacity in the occupational performance of Chiang Mai University students.

Methods:

This study was quasi-experimental research that undertook an experiment according to the two-group research design. This measured both the pretest and post-test results of the experiment. The study used purposive sampling with a total of 24 samples comprising 12 persons in the experimental group and 12 persons in the control group. The experimental group joined the program eight times or for eight weeks one time per week for 90 minutes. This utilized the technique of managing the stress, which consisted of stress management skills and stress relaxation techniques. The sample was evaluated with an evaluation form. Moreover, the Suanprung Stress Test-20 and Test-60 were used, as well as an evaluation form of the occupational performance of the students, which was adapted from a similar form of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). This was conducted before and after joining the program, so to gather information, an analysis on the information by using the independent t-test to compare the experimental group and the control group before and after receiving the stress management program, as well as the dependent t-test was conducted. Information analysis was carried out to compare the samples in the same group.

Results:

After receiving the stress management program, the experimental group had less stress, which had statistical significance. There was also greater capacity in the occupational performance that also displayed statistical significance. The result of joining the program was different from the control group, that had a statistical significance level of 0.05. In the control group, the people who lived their daily life, as usual, showed no difference between stress and occupational performance.

Conclusion:

The studied results showed the effectiveness of the stress management program in reducing stress and increasing the occupational performance of Chiang Mai University students. This could be implemented as a prototype of the program to solve the problems created from the stress of Chiang Mai University students. This would also have a positive effect on future occupational therapy.
Platinum(II) Complexes of 3-Hydroxypyridine-2-Carboxaldehyde, N(4)-Methyl
and N(4)-Pyrrolidinyl Thiosemicarbazones: Synthesis, Characterization, and
Primary Anticancer Screening against HeLa Cells, and Molecular Docking
Authors: Yadav Paras Nath , Pokharel Yuba Raj , Sharma Shivani , Sharma Motee Lal , Rauf Abdur , Rahid Umer
Published: September 2022

Background:

Thiosemicarbazones are an important class of synthetic organic compounds exhibiting promising biological activities; antiviral, antibacterial, antitubercular, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, antifungal, enzyme inhibitory and antitumor. Different α-(N)-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones are potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase enzyme that play a critical role in DNA synthesis, moreover some have been found 1000-fold more potent than the clinical drug hydroxyl urea.

Objective:

Different coordination complexes have been assessed for their efficacy to target MDR and surpass side effects associated with platinum drugs. In this work, we have prepared and investigated the anticancer potential of new platinum compounds of 3- hydroxy-2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazones.

Methods:

Novel Pt(II) complexes, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, UV-Visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The in vitro anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds against HeLa cells by MTT assay was assessed. Protein-fixed and ligand-flexible Docking studies were carried out using Lamarckian genetic algorithm and Auto dock 4.2 software.

Results:

The IC50 values of compounds (3) and (4) through MTT screening against HeLa cells were found 107.16 µM and 132.13 µM respectively. The binding energy value for the complex [Pt(HyPyMe)Cl] was -6.49 kcal/mol. While for complex, [Pt(HyPyPyrd)Cl] was found to have a binding energy value of -6.83 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:

The spectroscopic and analytical data showed the mononuclear structures and square planar geometry of the Pt(II) complexes. The compounds exhibited moderate antineoplastic activity and N(4)-methyl substituted compound exhibited better anticancer activity. [Pt(HyPyMe)Cl] complex forms Hydrogen bond interactions with guanine-6, guanine-7 and thiamne-8. While [Pt(HyPyPyrd)Cl] interacts with guanine-7 and guanine-16 via hydrogen bond interaction.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Opioids Induced Constipation and its
Management
Authors: Benival Derajram , Longare Suraj , Rana Dhwani , Salave Sagar
Published: September 2022

Background:

Pain is a complex physiological and psychological response to a noxious stimulus, sometimes deteriorating a patient’s quality of life. Opioids remain the mainstay treatment modality for chronic pain. Several concerns are raised regarding the long-term use of opioids and the risks associated with their usage. Findings advocate that the longstanding practice of opioid consumption manifests in adverse effects.

Objective:

Due to the physiological changes opioids instigate in the gastrointestinal tract, opioid-induced constipation remains a common complication pragmatic in patients undergoing opioid medications. Several therapeutic interventions are made available, and the review describes the overall medications with practical examples, aiding in selecting a treatment plan.

Methods:

The method comprises data collection from various search engines like PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder to get coverage of relevant literature for accumulating appropriate information regarding pain management, opioids, opioid-induced constipation, and its pharmacological interventions.

Results:

The thoughtful custom of exploring several options to manage opioid-induced constipation must allow patients to benefit from opioid analgesia.

Conclusion:

This paper reviews the role of opioids in pain management, underlying mechanisms of their action, opioid-induced constipation, and pharmacological therapies, with experimental studies aiding clinicians to optimise treatment plans.
Feature Extraction and Identification of Sugarcane Bud Based on S Component
in HSV Model
Authors: Xu Hongzhen , Li Qiang , Liu Jiaodi , Duan Yulong
Published: September 2022

Background:

Accurate identification and positioning of sugarcane buds is not only the prerequisite for the automatic cutting of sugarcane bud, but also the premise of intelligent directional planting of sugarcane.

Objective:

In this study, a feature extraction and recognition method for sugarcane bud was proposed based on the S component in HSV model to identify the position of sugarcane bud center in the sugarcane seed image.

Method:

According to the observation and analysis of 3D image of the S component in a single sugarcane bud segment after median filtering, the S component value of the stem node area containing the sugarcane bud was concentrated, and there were continuous depressions on the edge of the sugarcane bud. A rectangular template with width of 350 pixels and step length of 35 pixels was created to search for the position with the maximum average component value, so as to indirectly determine the position of the stem node. The 3D geometric space of the S-component was analyzed, and the characteristics of the edge of sugarcane bud in the longitudinal section curve were extracted as the troughs. Finally, the characteristic parameters of the sugarcane bud were used to determine the size and position of the ellipse that approximated the shape of the sugarcane bud, indirectly locate the sugarcane bud, and effectively retain the characteristic information of the sugarcane bud.

Results:

The test results showed that the success rate of sugarcane bud identification was 90%, and it took 1.58 s to identify an image on average.

Conclusion:

The method can effectively reduce the deviation of the location of sugarcane bud center, prevent the sugarcane bud damage due to the wrong location of the sugarcane bud and the low germination rate caused by the sugarcane bud facing downward during the planting process, and provide a research foundation for the intelligent and precise planting of sugarcane.
Voltage Regulation Strategy of Distribution Network with Decentralized
Wind Power Based on Cluster Partition
Authors: Li Wei , Su Shi , Lei Jinyong , Yan Yuting , Pan Shuhui , Yang Yang , Bai Hao , Chen Jun , Zhao Qindao
Published: September 2022

Background:

With the access to large-scale distributed energy, the voltage off-limit
problem of the distribution network has become more and more serious, and the traditional centralized
voltage control method has been difficult to meet the demand of distribution network control
and market development.

Methods:

In this paper, a voltage regulation strategy based on decentralized wind power clustering
is proposed. Considering the active and reactive power regulation ability of decentralized
wind power, based on the cluster division of distributed energy, the goal is to minimize power
regulation and voltage fluctuation within the cluster. Combining the K-means clustering algorithm
and optimized PSO algorithm for voltage regulation within the cluster ensures that the voltagecrossing
problem is solved. After the voltage regulation of all clusters, the auxiliary service transaction
of voltage regulation is implemented to complete the voltage regulation of the whole network.

Results:

Taking ieee33 bus system as an example, the MATLAB simulation shows that the decentralized
wind power access triggered voltage overrun. Using the proposed cluster division method
to cluster the model, the clustered voltage regulation of the nodes with voltage overrun or reaching
the limit resulted in greater voltage down-regulation than the overall voltage regulation.

Conclusion:

The proposed voltage regulation strategy has better advantages. It is verified that the
proposed voltage regulation strategy not only solves the voltage overrun problem, but also reduces
voltage fluctuations and the amount of power regulation used for voltage regulation, increasing
the utilization of distributed energy with better superiority.
Replacement of LVDS to HVDS for Reduction in Distribution Losses,
Improvement in Voltage Profiles and Economic Analysis for National
Saving
Authors: Chauhan Rajeev Kumar , Maurya Sanjay Kumar , Chauhan Durg Singh
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Rural electrification in India is planned with high-capacity distribution
transformers which supply the isolated location loads of various categories like agricultural,
household, small business, etc. This distribution system planning with non-optimal distribution
transformers leads to poor voltage profiles and high power losses in the distribution network. This
paper presents that a High-Voltage Distribution System (HVDS) is more suitable than a Low-
Voltage Distribution System (LVDS).

Methods:

A model is developed to evaluate the technical losses, voltage profiles, and optimal
payback period of the investments for the planned HVDS network. The replacement of LVDS
with HVDS is achieved by replacing high-capacity distribution transformers with small-capacity
at optimal locations.

Results:

The results of this study are validated on the real 11kV agricultural feeder of the
Narshinghpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India.

Conclusion:

The results demonstrate improvement in voltage profiles, low power losses, and optimal
payback period for the proposed problem. The obtained results proved that the replacement
of LVDS with HVDS would be more beneficial for rural electric power distribution system
planning.
WITHDRAWN: A Review on Oxygen-Deficient Titanium Oxide for Photocatalytic
Hydrogen Production
Authors: Peng Zhijian , Chen Yan , Fu Xiuli
Published: September 2022

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors of the Journal of Photocatalysis.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright
of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Medicinal Importance and Pharmacological Activities of Sciadopitysin in
the Medicine: Drug Target for Neuroprotection, Myocardial Infarction,
Alzheimer’s Disease, Diabetes, and Related Complications
Authors: Patel Kanika , Patel Dinesh Kumar
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds:

Herbal medicines have been used in the medicine over the last three decades and demand of herbal drugs has been increasing in the modern medicine due to their health beneficial aspects and pharmacological activities. Herbal medicines were mainly derived from the plants and their derived products which have significant role in the traditional and modern system of medicine. Plant based products have been used in the preparation of numerous health product including some of the modern pharmaceutical preparation. Ginkgo biloba is one of the important medicinal plants of the herbal medicine, which contain significant amount of sciadopitysin.

Methods:

Biological importance and therapeutic benefit of sciadopitysin have been investigated in the present investigation through scientific data analysis of different scientific research work in order to know the therapeutic potential of sciadopitysin in the medicine. Pharmacological activities of sciadopitysin have been searched and analyzed in the present work through different literature databases. Modern analytical tools for the isolation and quantification of sciadopitysin have been also discussed in the present work to know the therapeutic value of sciadopitysin in the medicine.

Results:

Scientific data analysis of different research work revealed the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of sciadopitysin which is a biflavonoids class phytochemical found to be present in the Ginkgo biloba. Scientific data analysis of present work revealed the biological importance of sciadopitysin in the medicine for the treatments of human health complications against diabetes and its complications, osteoclastogenesis, myocardial infarction, Alzheimer’s disease, hepatic and renal toxicity, inflammatory disorders, osteoporosis, human skin disorders, lymphocyte proliferation and fungal diseases. Further scientific data analysis revealed the importance of standardization of plant materials and their derived products through sciadopitysin in the medicine.

Conclusion:

Scientific data analysis of collected research work revealed the biological importance of sciadopitysin in the medicine for their effectiveness against human health complications.
Atorvastatin Efficacy in the Management of Mild to Moderate
Hospitalized COVID-19: A Pilot Randomized Triple-blind Placebo-
controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hejazi Sepideh , Mircheraghi Farzam , Elyasi Sepideh , Davoodian Najmeh , Salarbashi Davoud , Mehrad-Majd Hassan
Published: September 2022

Background:

Statins are first-line lipid-lowering agents with tolerable adverse
reactions, low cost, and high availability worldwide. The potent anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, anti-thrombotic and immunomodulatory effects of statins propose
them as an option against COVID-19 infection.

Objective:

In this randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, we have investigated
the atorvastatin efficacy in the management of mild to moderate hospitalized
COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

In this study, 52 mild to moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients who fulfilled
the inclusion criteria were allocated to the treatment group to receive 40 mg
atorvastatin orally once daily for two weeks (n=26) or the placebo group (n=26). Patients'
symptoms and laboratory investigations were assessed at baseline and during the
follow-up period. We also evaluated the duration of hospitalization and supplemental
oxygen therapy as endpoints.

Results:

After 14-day of follow-up, the oxygen saturation (SaO2) was significantly
higher, and the serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level was lower in
the treatment group compared to the placebo group. Moreover, at the end of the followup
in the treatment group, the lymphocyte count was higher, and the duration of symptom
resolution was shorter but not significant. Additionally, in the treatment group, the
length of supplemental oxygen therapy and hospitalization duration were meaningfully
shorter. Our results revealed that the mortality rate was almost twice higher in the placebo
group compared to the treatment group, without any significant adverse drug reaction.

Conclusion:

Atorvastatin significantly reduces supplemental oxygen need, hospitalization
duration, and serum hs-CRP level in mild to moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Berberine Recovered Oxidative Stress Induced by Sodium Nitrite in Rat Erythrocytes
Authors: Barazesh Mahdi , Jalili Sajad , Akhzari Morteza , Farzinezhadi Zadeh Mohammad Mahdi
Published: September 2022

Objective:

Berberine, a plant derived alkaloid, present in Berberis species and is well known as one of the most important antioxidants. The current research aimed to study the heamatoprotective characteristics of berberine and clarify its plausible mechanisms against sodium nitrite.

Methods:

Forty numbers of male Sprague Dawley rats were categorized into five equal groups, including group 1: control (normal saline); group 2: berberine (100 mg/kg); group 3: sodium nitrite (80 mg/kg); group 4: sodium nitrite (80 mg/kg) plus berberine (50 mg/kg) and group 5: sodium nitrite (80 mg/kg) plus berberine (100 mg/kg) groups. All animals were orally administrated for two months once daily. At the end of the 60th day, blood samples were withdrawn by cardiac puncture and collected in test vials when the animals had been anesthetized with ketamine (70 mg/kg). Then, hemolysate was prepared and the oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes were evaluated.

Results:

Feeding of rats with sodium nitrite remarkably enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) (p=0.001) levels and considerably reduced the levels of glutathione (GSH) (p=0.001), and also reduced the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p=0.02), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p=0.001), glutathione reductase (GR) (p=0.02), and catalase (CAT) (p=0.01). However, the co-administration of these animals with 100 mg/kg of berberine remarkably reverted the values to reach nearly a normal level. While 50 mg/kg berberine failed to restore significantly all of these antioxidant biomarkers at a normal level.

Conclusion:

Our results clearly demonstrated that berberine in a dose-dependent manner led to protection against sodium nitrite-induced oxidative injury in rat erythrocytes, which possibly reflects the antioxidant ability of this alkaloid.
Evaluation of Children Presenting to the Emergency Department with Iron Intoxication
Authors: Ürün Unal Bahar , Yıldırım Duygu İlke , Şen Sevil , Yorulmaz Alaaddin
Published: September 2022

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to contribute to the data on childhood iron intoxication in our country due to the retrospective evaluation of demographic, epidemiological, clinical features, treatments, and complications of the patients who applied for intoxication after oral iron intake.
Materials and Methods: Patients admitted to a Pediatric Emergency Service of the Faculty of Medicine diagnosed with iron intoxication between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively investigated. The patients' demographic characteristics, information about intoxication, and laboratory results were recorded, and statistical analyzes were performed.
Results: Of the 12 patients included in the study, 66.7% were female, and 33.3% were male. The mean age was 81.3±83.52 months. When separated by age group, 66.6% of the patients were younger than 5-year-old. Those who came to the hospital via an ambulance were only 25%. All patients were transported to the hospital within an average of 40±15 minutes. While there was no life-threatening risk in 7 patients, the condition of 5 patients was severe. Only 2 of the patients took it to suicide. All cases received iron orally. 1 patient presented abdominal pain, and 2 patients presented nausea and vomiting. Activated charcoal was administered to 4 of the patients. In the laboratory follow-ups of the patients, all mean results, excluding iron, were normal. In addition, the blood gases of the patients at the time of admission were compensated metabolic syndrome.
Conclusion: As a pediatric emergency, Iron intoxication in children remains important as one of the preventable morbidity and mortality causes. We believe that iron preparations are packaged in a single-dose form and do not have an attractive taste and appearance for children, have protective caps in medicine boxes, and when physicians prescribe iron drugs to adult patients, warning them about toxicity in children will reduce mortality and morbidity.
Обобщенное приближение эффективного поля для неоднородной среды с включениями в многослойной оболочке
Authors: Лавров И.В. , Бардушкин В.В. , Яковлев В.Б.
Published: September 2022

An approach is proposed for calculating effective physical characteristics of a inhomogeneous medium with several levels of nesting of its microstructure - the generalized effective-field approximation. With the help of this approach, an expression is obtained for an effective permittivity tensor of an inhomogeneous medium with ellipsoidal inclusions in a multilayered shell, the boundaries of all layers of which are ellipsoids. The proposed approach allows to take into account probabilistic distributions of orientations and forms of inclusions, as well as the presence of several types of inclusions. Two cases of matrix composites are considered: 1) with spherical isotropic inclusions with a multilayered shell; 2) with ellipsoidal anisotropic inclusions with a multilayered shell. For an inhomogeneous medium with homogeneous inclusions, this approximation is shown to produce the same result as the generalized singular approximation.