bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Evolution of Cones of Depression in Shallow Aquifers in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Li Guomin
Published: June 2013

The North China Plain (NCP) is one of the places where the groundwater is most over-exploited in the world. Currently, our understanding on the spatiotemporal variability of the cones of depression in this region is fragmentary. This study intends to simulate the cones of depression in the shallow aquifer across the entire NCP during the whole period from 1960 to 2011. During the simulation, the dominant role of anthropogenic activities is emphasized and carefully taken into account using a Neural Network Algorithm. The results show that cones of depression in the NCP were formed in 1970s and continuously expanded. Their centers were getting deeper with an increasing degree of groundwater exploitation. This simulation provides valuable insights for developing more sustainable groundwater management options after the implementation of the South-to-NorthWater Diversion Project (SNWDP), which is a very important surface water project in China in the near future. The numerical model in this paper is built by MODFLOW, with pumpage data completed by neural network algorithm and hydrogeological parameters calibrated by simulated annealing algorithm. Based on our long-term numerical model for regional groundwater flow in the NCP, one exploitation limitation strategy after the implementation of SNWDP is studied in this paper. The results indicate that the SNWDP is beneficial for groundwater recovery in the NCP. A number of immense groundwater cones will gradually shrink. However, the recovery of the groundwater environment in the NCP will require a long time.
Implications of HIV Drug Resistance on First- and Second-Line Therapies in Resource-Limited Settings: Report from a Workshop Organized by the Collaborative HIV and Anti-HIV Drug Resistance Network
Authors: Pillay Deenan , Albert Jan , Bertagnolio Silvia , Boucher Charles , Brun-Vezinet Francoise , Clotet Bonaventura , Giaquinto Carlo , Perno Carlo F
Published: June 2013

Here, we summarize the discussions and conclusions from an expert workshop held in October 2012 to consider the implications of HIV drug resistance in the context of scale-up of access to antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis in resource-limited settings. Topics considered during the workshop included the implications of drug resistance for the selection of first-line regimens and sequencing of treatments, optimal surveillance strategies and prevention of mother-to-child transmission.
Des « printemps arabes » à la « nouvelle révolution » en Angola
Authors: Lima Juliana
Published: June 2013

Alors que les mobilisations des printemps arabes se déroulent au nord du Sahara, une partie de la jeunesse angolaise se mobilise contre les politiques de paix et le régime du président José Eduardo dos Santos. La vague de protestations que connaît l’Angola depuis mars 2011 révèle une partie des tensions sociales qui se cachent derrière l’apparence d’une transition tranquille et réussie. Dans un pays encore très marqué par un long conflit civil, le discours gouvernemental instrumentalise la crainte du retour à la guerre et répond avec violence aux protestations des jeunes angolais.
Faire face aux risques psycho-sociaux : quelques éléments d'un management par la discussion
Authors: Detchessahar Mathieu
Published: June 2013

Face aux exigences croissantes de performance et dans un univers très instrumenté, équipes et management de première ligne doivent s’engager dans un important travail de régulation pour arrêter, toujours de manière temporaire, le sens à donner au travail et fabriquer des compromis. Nous définissions puis montrons dans ce cadre l’importance des espaces de discussion qui deviennent des opérateurs de santé et de qualité de vie au travail. Ensuite nous décrivons comment les manageurs de première ligne apparaissent de manière croissante comme empêchés de prendre en charge les fonctions d’animation, de médiation et de facilitation nécessaires à la mise en discussion locale du travail. Enfin, nous défendons l’idée que dans une perspective d’ingénierie de la discussion, il faut penser le nécessaire équipement de ces espaces en tenant compte des caractéristiques de l’écosystème organisationnel au sein duquel ils se déploient.
L'invocation anthropologique dans le débat éthique contemporain
Authors: Lemoine Laurent
Published: June 2013

La référence à l’anthropologie faite par l’épiscopat français dans le cadre de la controverse sur le « mariage pour tous » est assez nouvelle et stimulante. Reste à savoir de quelle anthropologie on parle et comment en user sans annexion ? Une question qui vaut aussi pour la psychanalyse ou la sociologie. Le dialogue passe plus par la confrontation des expériences que par celle des doctrines. La refonte d’une vraie théologie pastorale pour aujourd’hui demeure le défi.
Les députés des Églises réformées à la cour en 1561-1562
Authors: Benedict Philip , Fornerod Nicolas
Published: June 2013

Du printemps 1561 à mars 1562, les Églises réformées de France furent représentées à la cour par des députés, pouvant atteindre le nombre de vingt, envoyés des provinces pour défendre et faire progresser les intérêts du parti protestant. Travaillant de pair avec les grands seigneurs protestants et les ministres les plus éminents qui se trouvaient alors à Paris et à la cour, ces « solliciteurs », principalement des avocats et des membres de la noblesse seconde, se réunirent ensemble pour coordonner leurs actions, prirent une part importante à l’organisation du colloque de Poissy, dirigèrent les remarquables campagnes de pétition entreprises par les Églises, envoyèrent vers les provinces des directives afin de répondre aux principaux édits royaux concernant la religion, et prirent la parole à la cour au nom de la cause protestante. Malgré leur rôle important dans les événements décisifs de 1561-1562, ces députés n’ont guère été remarqués et encore moins étudiés par les historiens. Cet article dresse le portrait collectif de ce groupe et met en évidence ses activités pendant ces années. Un appendice fournit la biographie sommaire de chacun de ces personnages importants, mais méconnus, identifiés par les auteurs.
Overcoming Barriers in Online Workshop Development: An ELITE Experience
Authors: Talcott Kimberly S. , O’Donnell John M. , Burns Helen K.
Published: June 2013

The Emerging Learning and Integrated Technologies Education (ELITE) Faculty Development Program created eight online workshops to assist nurse educators in using technology within their organization’s nurse education program. Continuing education units were provided for completion of the individual online workshops. The ELITE program worked through several barriers to transform content that was previously presented during face-to-face workshops into standalone online offerings. Barriers and implementation strategies for the on-site to online transition included restructuring workshop objectives, keeping current with rapid technology changes, altering a course management system to meet the needs of the program and the learner, and crafting independent practice opportunities for the online learner. The online workshop development experience of the ELITE program may assist other continuing education and staff development professionals who are updating their program offerings or pursuing online education for the first time.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(6):264–268.
Dramatic Regression of Persistent Tunica Vasculosa Lentis Associated With Retinopathy of Prematurity Following Treatment With Intravitreal Bevacizumab
Authors: Goldman Darin R. , Baumal Caroline R.
Published: June 2013

The authors describe a preterm infant who developed advanced retinopathy of prematurity bilaterally with a prominent tunica vasculosa lentis. Treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab resulted in regression of the tunica vasculosa lentis and posterior manifestations of the retinopathy of prematurity. RetCam imaging (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA) of the anterior segment was used to document the dramatic tunica vasculosa lentis resolution.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50:e27–e29.]
Ultra-Widefield Imaging for the Management of Pediatric Retinal Diseases
Authors: Kang Kai B. , Wessel Matthew M. , Tong Jianping , D’Amico Donald J. , Chan R. V. Paul
Published: June 2013

Purpose:

To describe the utility of using ultra-widefield digital fundus photography and ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) in the pediatric patient population to evaluate peripheral retinal pathology and to manage Coats’ disease and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR).

Methods:

Retrospective review of pediatric retinal patients with FEVR or Coats’ disease who underwent ultra-widefield fundus photography and UWFA.

Results:

Eight patients were included in this case series. Five patients had the clinical diagnosis of FEVR, and two eyes of two patients with FEVR received UWFA-guided laser photocoagulation. Three patients were diagnosed as having Coats’ disease and received UWFA-guided laser photocoagulation.

Conclusions:

Ultra-widefield fundus photography and UWFA can be used successfully as an outpatient procedure in the pediatric patient population without the necessity of examination under anesthesia and can aid the physician in the documentation and evaluation of peripheral retinal pathology. UWFA can also assist in directing laser photocoagulation in the treatment of pediatric retinal diseases.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(5):282–288.]
A Ray Tracing Approach to Calculate Toric Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Hoffmann Peter C. , Wahl Jochen , Hütz Werner W. , Preußner Paul-Rolf
Published: June 2013

PURPOSE:

To quantify the precision of astigmatic correction in routine cataract surgery with toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to evaluate the predictability of keratometric and anterior/posterior topographic measurement for the improvement of the overall accuracy.

METHODS:

Seventy-eight eyes of 56 patients were implanted with toric IOLs. Data acquired by the Lenstar optical biometer (Haag-Streit, Bern, Switzerland) and TMS5 topography (Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) were processed with the ray tracing software Okulix (Tedics, Dortmund, Germany) to predict the residual refraction. Four different inputs were examined: keratometry only, anterior topography, anterior and posterior topography/ tomography, and combination of keratometry only and anterior and posterior topography/tomography. Four weeks postoperatively, the spherical prediction error and the cylindrical prediction error (difference vector between predicted and achieved cylindrical refraction) were determined.

RESULTS:

Mean absolute error of spherical prediction error was 0.27 diopter (D). Cylindrical prediction errors were 0.57 D (keratometry only), 0.56 D (anterior topography), 0.56 D (anterior and posterior topography/ tomography), and 0.50 D (combination of keratometry only and anterior and posterior topography/tomography). Differences between intraocular lens groups were statistically significant (Friedman test,
P
< .05).

CONCLUSION:

The combination of keratometry and anterior and posterior topography/tomography of anterior and posterior surface yielded the best results for toric IOL power calculations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(6):402–408.]
Risk Factors Associated with Malnutrition in Older Adults Living in Italian Nursing Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Papparotto Carla , Bidoli Ettore , Palese Alvisa
Published: June 2013

Malnutrition is a significant problem among older adults living in nursing homes: Malnourished residents are at increased risk of hospitalization and mortality. Multiple factors determine malnutrition, and the extant literature has focused attention on individual factors such as aging, sex, and dependence in activities of daily living. However, little evidence is available on factors influenced by nursing care. Exploring the relationship between the nutritional status of nursing home residents and certain individual factors, including those potentially influenced by nursing care, was the aim of this cross-sectional study. A total of 186 nursing home residents was enrolled in the study; in addition, 18 nurses were involved in the data collection process. Twenty-one percent of the residents had an adequate nutritional status, 43% were at risk of malnutrition, and 36% were malnourished. Multivariate analysis revealed that those independent factors associated with malnutrition, once adjusted for age, sex, and dependence in activities of daily living, were: having had a stroke, being dependent in activities of daily living, eating half or less of food provided at mealtimes, and having their weight checked only every 3 months or longer. Nursing care projects may be effective in reducing the risk of malnutrition among nursing home residents. However, further research is needed to develop knowledge of the factors associated with malnutrition and those influenced by care delivered in nursing homes.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2013; 6(3):187–197.]
Bio-Rapid-Prototyping of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and the Process-Induced Cell Damage
Authors: Tian Xiao Yu , Li Ming Gan , Chen Xiong Biao
Published: June 2013

Tissue scaffolds play a vital role in tissue engineering by providing a native tissue-mimicking environment for cell proliferation and differentiation as well as tissue regeneration. Fabrication of tissue scaffolds has been drawing increasing research attention and a number of fabrication techniques have been developed. To better mimic the microenvironment of native tissues, novel techniques have emerged in recent years to encapsulate cells into the engineered scaffolds during the scaffold fabrication process. Among them, bio-Rapid-Prototyping (bioRP) techniques, by which scaffolds with encapsulated cells can be fabricated with controlled internal microstructure and external shape, shows significant promise. It is noted in the bioRP processes, cells may be continuously subjected to environmental stresses such as mechanical, electrical forces and laser exposure. If the stress is greater than a certain level, the cell membrane may be ruptured, leading to the so-called process-induced cell damage. This paper reviews various cell encapsulation techniques for tissue scaffold fabrication, with emphasis on the bioRP technologies and their technical features. To understand the process-induced cell damage in the bioRP processes, this paper also surveys the cell damage mechanisms under different stresses. The process-induced cell damage models are also examined to provide a cue to the cell viability preservation in the fabrication process. Discussions on further improvements of bioRP technologies are given and ongoing research into mechanical cell damage mechanism are also suggested in this review.
Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Quercetin
Authors: Verma Neelam , Trehan Nitu
Published: June 2013

Quercetin is a flavonoid present in herbs, fruits and vegetables. It acts as an antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) were prepared for quercetin by non-covalent approach in the presence of monomer acrylamide, EGDMA as the crosslinker, AIBN as the initiator and methanol and ethyl acetate as porogenic solvents. Most stable MIPs were synthesized using methanol as the solvent. Step wise removal of the template with methanol and acetic acid (9:1) left binding sites that retain complementary specificity and affinity. These stable MIPs were analysed by FT-IR technique. It was observed that there was hydrogen bonding between the template and the functional monomer. This study was further supported by NMR analysis for MIPs and NMIPs (control polymer) that cavity for quercetin has been created in MIPs and absent in the case of NMIPs. MIPs were characterized by SEM analysis that showed more clusters in case of MIPs than NMIPs as an effect of imprinting. These MIPs can be used for extraction of quercetin from herbs in a one step process.
Influence of Cold Plastic Deformation on the Development of the Texture in High-Manganese Austenitic Steel
Authors: Kowalska Joanna , Ratuszek Wiktoria , Witkowska Małgorzata , Zielińska-Lipiec Anna
Published: June 2013

The research was carried out on 26Mn-3Si-3Al steel having a low value of SFE. After casting, steel was forged and hot-rolled at the temperatures within the range of from 1200°C to 900. Next, the steel was cold rolled until the deformation of 66% was obtained. Upon the basis of X-ray examination and the observations of microstructures, it was found out that during cold rolling mechanical twinning and the martensitic transformation of austenite in hcp-ε martensite occurred. The crystallographic texture of the γ phase (austenite) and ε phase (martensite) was also examined.
Analysis of Twin Boundary in Single Crystal of Ni-Mn-Ga Martensite Using Powder Laboratory Diffractometer
Authors: Drahokoupil Jan , Straka Ladislav , Heczko Oleg
Published: June 2013

The presented paper describes X-ray diffraction study of Ni-Mn-Ga modulated martensite single crystal. A standard powder laboratory diffractometer equipped with texture cradle and monocapillary was found to be suitable and sufficient tool for this type of studies. Three different scans were performed to unambiguously identify the martensitic twin variants at selected place. From this identification and with the help of theoretical calculation full description of martensitic microstructure can be determined. In addition the effect of sample displacement on beam position on sample was derived.
Microstructure of Ni/Al2O3 Electrodeposited Coatings Studied with XRD and SEM Techniques
Authors: Góral Anna , Nowak Marek , Wojewoda-Budka Joanna
Published: June 2013

Our interests are focused on the Ni/Al2O3 nanocomposite coatings electrochemically deposited in modified Watt’s-type baths into which α-Al2O3 nanopowder is added on steel substrates. The effect of different amounts of α-Al2O3 phase in the electrolyte baths on microstructure of electrodeposited Ni/Al2O3 coatings is investigated. In order to study the coatings the non-destructive X-ray diffraction techniques are applied. As indirect techniques, they are supported by imaging methods, especially scanning electron microscopy.
The Comparative Study of Phase Composition of Steels Using X-Ray Diffraction and Mössbauer Spectroscopy Methods
Authors: Pawluk Piotr , Skołek Emilia , Kopcewicz Michał , Świątnicki Wiesław
Published: June 2013

In this paper phase composition of several steels was investigated by X-ray diffraction and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) methods. Different heat treatments were performed on steel samples in order to obtain various phase compositions (containing bainitic ferrite, martensite and retained austenite). The diffraction patterns were analysed using the Rietveld method. Mössbauer spectra were fitted and studied for existent phases. A comparison between results obtained by each method was performed. Both methods revealed some supersaturation of carbon in the retained austenite and in the bainitic ferrite phases, various after different treatments. The quantitative phase composition measured by X-ray diffraction results differ significantly from the Mössbauer spectroscopy results. The possible reasons of the observed differences were discussed.
Characterization of As-Cast Single-Crystal CMSX-4 Superalloy Turbine Blades
Authors: Bogdanowicz Włodzimierz , Onyszko Arkadiusz , Rak Jan , Albrecht Robert , Dercz Grzegorz , Hanc Aneta , Nowotnik Andrzej , Stróż Danuta , Lelątko Józef
Published: June 2013

Nickel-based single-crystal superalloys are widely used for production of high pressure turbine blades. The studied blades were obtained in an ALD Vacuum Technologies furnace by the Bridgman technique. Crystallization process was carried out with drawing rates of 3 mm/min and 5 mm/min. The dendrite microstructure based on the γ/γ’ phases and their defects was characterized using X-Ray topography, Laue diffraction, transmission electron microscopy. The defect structure samples were examined with the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. It was found that crystal orientation, lattice parameter of γ’ phase and concentration of defects are correlated. The defect concentration increases in some areas which was the result of deviation of the primary dendrite arm from crystallization direction . Only one type of point defects was detected.
X-Ray Investigations of Polycrystalline Compounds with General Formula ZnCr2-xNdxSe4
Authors: Jendrzejewska Izabela , Zajdel Paweł , Goryczka Tomasz , Maciążek Ewa , Mrzigod Janusz
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The polycrystalline compounds in the ZnCr2-xNdxSe4 system were prepared by the ceramic method in closed silica tubes using ZnSe, Nd2Se3, and Cr2Se3 as starting materials. The chemical composition and structural data has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The observed symmetry is cubic, space group . For ZnCr1.95Nd0.05Se4 compounds, a pure spinel phase forms for stoichiometric and smaller amounts of ZnSe. For both compounds of ZnCr1.90Nd0.10Se4, near spinel phase, a foreign ZnSe phase exists. It may indicate that 10% doping is close to the solubility limit of Nd in ZnCr2Se4.
Determination of Elastic Modulus and relative Permittivity from Analysis of Auger Electron and Characteristic Loss Spectra in Carbon Layer Systems
Authors: Rówiński Edward
Published: June 2013

The analysis of Auger electron and electron energy-loss spectra was developed to determine an elastic modulus and a relative permittivity of the diamond and tetrahedral amorphous carbon layers (both on the substrate of NiTi alloy), the graphite and graphite-like carbon layers in a carbon/oxidization/ TiNi systems. The description of line-shape carbon Auger spectrum is based on the convolution of two-conduction electron and one-core electron spectral densities. It was concluded that the comparisons of the experimental and theoretical Auger spectra were determined the quantitative assessment of the electron-electron repulsion, which allow us to calculate the relative permittivity of the layer. The analysis of electron plasmon losses was applied to determine the values of plasma energies of the layers. Such parameter values were as then applied to calculate the values of nanoscale properties. The results demonstrated that the property values of the carbon layers were in good agreement with that reported in literature.
Characterization of Electrophoretically Deposited Chitosan Coatings on Ti13Zr13Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Łosiewicz Bożena , Dercz Grzegorz , Szklarska Magdalena , Simka Wojciech , Łężniak Marta , Krząkała Agnieszka , Swinarew Andrzej
Published: June 2013

The chitosan (CH) coatings on a Ti13Zr13Nb alloy substrate were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The EPD yield was investigated under different deposition conditions. The microstructure of the CH coatings obtained by cataphoresis was studied by scanning electron microscopy and the chemical composition was examined using EDAX. The functional groups and formed phases were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. It was found that the CH coating thickness and porosity can be controlled by time and voltage used for the EPD process. It was ascertained that the studied EPD of the natural biopolymer, chitosan, in aqueous solution is applicable for the surface modification of the Ti13Zr13Nb implants to develop novel bioactive coatings.
Structure and Properties of Electrolytic Zn-Mn Coatings Deposited by the Galvanostatic Method
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Wykpis Katarzyna , Bierska-Piech Bożena
Published: June 2013

The Zn-Mn coatings were deposited under galvanostatic conditions from a sulfate galvanic bath. The influence of thiocarbamide additions in the bath on surface morphology, chemical and phase composition and corrosion resistance of the electrolytic Zn-Mn coatings was investigated. On the basis of these investigations it was found that Zn-Mn coatings can be obtained by the galvanostatic method. Morphology and chemical composition of the electrolytic Zn-Mn coatings depend on the thiocarbamide concentration in the galvanic bath. XRD investigations of obtained coatings showed a single phase structure (α-Mn1.08Zn2.92). The additions of thiocarbamide improve the protective properties of the Zn-Mn coatings.
Microstructure of CrAlSiN+DLC Coating Deposited onto Hot Work Tool Steel
Authors: Konieczny Jarosław , Lukaszkowicz Krzysztof
Published: June 2013

The work presents the results on the microstructure of CrAlSiN+DLC coating deposited onto X40CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel. The films were produced using a two-step method. In the first phase the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method was applied, whereas in the second Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) method was used. The microstructure and morphology of the CrAlSiN+DLC coating were analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) respectively. It was found that tested coatings have nanostructural character with fine crystallites, while their average size is between 11-25 nm. The TEM investigation showed a sharp interface between the coting and steel substrate. The AFM studies showed that the topography of the CrAlSiN and DLC layers were similar on the macroscopic scale
Electron Diffraction Reinvestigation of CdCr2Se4 and ZnCr2-xVxSe4 Spinel Structures
Authors: Zubko Maciej , Wspaniała Joanna , Stróż Danuta , Mugnaioli Enrico
Published: June 2013

Crystal structure of two spinel single crystals CdCr2Se4 and ZnCr2-xVxSe4 have been reinvestigated using automated electron diffraction tomography method with beam precession. 3D reciprocal space have been reconstructed base on recorded tilt series. For both samples crystal structure was refined and the cubic symmetry with space group Fd-3m was confirmed. No additional electron potential has been located beside occupied atom sites.
Microstructure of Hard Magnetic FeCr22Co15 Alloy Subjected to Tension Combined with Torsion at High Temperatures
Authors: Korneva Anna , Korznikova Galija , Kashaev Rishat , Sztwiertnia Krzysztof
Published: June 2013

The paper presents the results of microstructure evolution studies of hard magnetic FeCr22Co15 alloy, destructed by tension and torsion at 800 and 850°C. The temperatures and deformation rates corresponded to the condition of superplasticity of Fe-Cr-Co alloys. Observations of longitudinal section of deformed samples in scanning electron microscope showed a formation of weak gradient microstructure with highest grain refinement in the surface layer of material. Precipitation of intermetallic σ-phase was also observed, with its maximum amount in zones of the highest deformation.
Magnetic Properties of Tb(Ni0.95Fe0.05)3 Crystalline Compound and Powder
Authors: Ociepka Krzysztof , Bajorek Ania , Chrobak Artur , Chełkowska Grażyna
Published: June 2013

The magnetic properties and the crystal structure of the ball-milled Tb(Ni0.95Fe0.05)3compound have been studied by using magnetization measurements and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results were compared with those obtained for the bulk compound prepared by arc-melting technique. The investigated sample is polycrystalline and crystallizes in the rhombohedral PuNi3type of crystal structure (space group R-3m). With the increase of the time milling (i.e. 1 h, 24 h and 48 h) a for-mation of grains less than 1μm and a reduction of magnetocaloric effect have been observed. The analysis of XRD patterns for ball-milled powders shows that after 48h milling time there is still visible a crystalline structure.
Phase Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe-Nb-B-Nd Type of Bulk Nanocrystalline Alloys
Authors: Ziółkowski Grzegorz , Chrobak Artur , Klimontko Joanna
Published: June 2013

In this work we present phase structure and magnetic properties of the (Fe80Nb6B14)1-x Ndx (x=0.08, 0.12, 0.16) bulk nanocrystalline alloys prepared by making use of mould casting technique. The applied mould allows obtaining bulk rods of 1.5 mm in diameter and about 3 cm in length. Phase structure and magnetic properties were carefully examined. It was shown that the applied preparation technique is favorable to nanocrystallization of the alloys, which was confirmed by the XRD diffraction. For all studied alloys, one can observe a formation of mainly Nd2Fe14B (hard magnetic) and Fe phases with different contributions dependently on the x parameter. It was also shown that the alloy of (Fe80Nb6B14)0.92Nd0.08 has the best hard magnetic properties with the coercive field, magnetic saturation and maximum energy product equal to 0.2 T, 117 emu/g and 13.4 kJ/m3, respectively (at room temperature). Moreover, the coercive field and maximum energy product are gradually deteriorating with increasing of rare earth addition.
Structure and Resistance to Electrochemical Corrosion of NiTi Alloy
Authors: Łosiewicz Bożena , Popczyk Magdalena , Goryczka Tomasz , Lelątko Józef , Smołka Agnieszka , Kowalski Piotr
Published: June 2013

The NiTi alloy (50.6 at.% Ni) passivated for 30 min at 130°C by autoclaving has been studied towards corrosion resistance in aqueous solutions of 3% NaCl, 0.1 M H2SO4, 1 M H2SO4 and HBSS. Structure and thickness of the passive layer (TiO2, rutile) were examined by X-ray reflectivity method and high resolution electron microscopy. Corrosion behavior of this oxide layer was investigated by open circuit potential method and polarization curves. It was found that the corrosion resistance of the passivated NiTi alloy is strongly dependent on the type of corrosive environment. The higher corrosion resistance of the tested samples was revealed in sulfate solutions as compared to chloride ones. The highest resistance to electrochemical corrosion of the NiTi alloy was observed in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. Susceptibility to pitting corrosion of the tested samples was observed which increased with the concentration rise of chlorine anions in solution. Electrochemical tests for 316L stainless steel carried out under the same experimental conditions revealed a weaker corrosion resistance in all solutions as compared to the highly corrosion resistant NiTi alloy.
Microstructural Analysis of a Thermomechanically Processed Si-Al TRIP Steel Characterized by EBSD and X-Ray Techniques
Authors: Grajcar Adam , Radwański Krzysztof , Krztoń Hanna J.
Published: June 2013

The work focuses on the analysis of microstructural features of retained austenite in a thermomechanically processed Si-Al TRIP-type steel microalloyed with Nb and Ti. Austenite amount was determined using XRD and EBSD. Combined methods of LM, SEM and EBSD were applied to reveal the morphology, grain size and distribution of structural constituents. It is possible to retain 14% of  phase enriched in C to about 1.14 wt.%. Retained austenite is uniformly located as blocky grains with a diameter up to 4.5 m in a fine-grained ferritic matrix or between bainitic ferrite laths as thin layers. Special crystallographic relationships between bainitic ferrite and retained austenite were identified on the basis of the analysis of misorientation angles and image quality values.
Structural Studies of the Relaxed Amorphous Phase in the Fe81B14Nb5 Alloy
Authors: Karolus Małgorzata
Published: June 2013

Amorphous alloys based on iron, obtained by melt spinning technique, are modern and very promising soft magnetic materials. The thermal annealing at temperatures closed to the crystallization temperature can cause an increase of magnetic permeability more than 10 times i.e. the so called enhancement of soft magnetic properties effect (ESMP). It is usually explained by formation of iron nanocrystallites in amorphous surroundings or by formation of the relaxed amorphous phase. Such a microstructure leads to averaging out of magnetic anisotropy and cause the ESMP.
Mechanical Synthesis and Heat Treatment of Ni75Ti25 Alloy
Authors: Panek Joanna , Bierska-Piech Bożena , Niedbała Jolanta
Published: June 2013

The investigations of the microstructure changes of Ni75Ti25powder prepared by mechanical alloying in as-milled state and after annealing treatment were performed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to investigate a mechanically induced solid state reaction between nickel and titanium powders. The crystallite sizes and lattice strains were analyzed by using Williamson-Hall method. The compacted powder morphology was analyzed by SEM method. The Ni(Ti) solid solution was formed as a result of the milling process. The crystallite sizes of all alloys are below 100 nm. The annealing treatment, in the temperature range of 773 K to 1173 K leads to reduction of the breadth of Ni(Ti) diffraction lines, which indicates at the increase in size of crystallites. However, the phase composition of annealed Ti75Ni25powder does not change, so the presence of any Ni-Ti intermetallic phases is not stated.
Study of Defects Structure in Fe-Al Alloys
Authors: Bernstock-Kopaczyńska Ewelina , Jabłońska Magdalena
Published: June 2013

In the literature it is proven that thermal vacancies have a great influence on the mechanism of hardening of Fe-Al alloys. Moreover, in these alloys, we observed a long-range ordering, which can significantly affect the mechanical and physical properties and their stability. In this paper, influence of low-temperature annealing on elimination of excess vacancies was investigated. TEM observation of annealed specimens for the alloys with 28 and 38 at.% aluminum have helped elucidate the phenomena responsible for vacancies elimination due to the occurrence of particular interactions between point and linear structure defects. It was shown that the aluminum content influences significantly changes in defects structure. The alloy with 28 at.% aluminum has mainly superdislocations in the structure, while in alloy with 38 at.% aluminum, mainly unit dislocations and high-energy dislocation configurations, like dislocation loops, dislocation dipoles, and dislocation jogs, were observed. The results suggest that different defect types may control the diffusion process during low-temperature annealing and that it is affected by alloy composition.
Effect of Aging on the Microstructure and the Intergranular Corrosion Resistance of X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Szabracki Pawel , Lipiński Tomasz
Published: June 2013

Stainless steels are used widely in many industries. A duplex microstructure offers a combination of advantages, including resistance to crevice and stress corrosion, reduced susceptibility to hot cracking in comparison with fully austenitic structures and excellent tensile strength. The paper discusses the effect of aging on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 super duplex stainless steel. Low and predictable corrosion rate is an important parameter for steels operating in aggressive environments. Resistance to intergranular corrosion expressed by corrosion rate (mm/year) was determined in accordance with standard PN-EN ISO 3651-1. Metallographic studies were carried out to evaluate surface degradation and intergranular corrosion. The results support an evaluation of the impact that phase fraction changes caused by aging have on resistance to intergranular corrosion. The results of the corrosion analysis were used to develop mathematical models describing changes in corrosion rate over time for different phase fractions.
Microstructure and Texture Evolution in a Cold-Rolled High Mn Steel with Microadditions of Ti and Nb
Authors: Kołodziej Sławomir , Kowalska Joanna , Ratuszek Wiktoria , Ozgowicz Wojciech , Chruściel Krzysztof
Published: June 2013

The aim of this work was the microstructure and texture analysis of a deformed via cold-rolling 24.5Mn-3.5Si-1.5Al-Ti-Nb TWIP/TRIP type steel. It was found, that during cold plastic deformation a phase transformation of austenite into martensite takes place. The transformation progress was confirmed by the microscopic investigations. The texture of austenite is characterized by a limited α1=||RD fibre and the γ=||ND fibre. The texture of austenite changed with increasing deformation rate. In the texture of deformed austenite the strongest orientation is the {110} Goss orientation, which belongs to the α=||ND orientation fibre. During cold plastic deformation γ→ε and γ→ε→α’ phase transformations as well as the deformation of γ, ε and α’ phases are taking place in the steel. The formed ε phase (hexagonal structure) also possesses a distinct texture.
Structure of Multi-Layers Deposited on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Dudek Karolina , Szaraniec Barbara , Lelątko Józef , Goryczka Tomasz
Published: June 2013

In order to improve a biocompatibility of a NiTi shape memory alloys used as a long-term implant, surface was covered by protective multi-layers coating. First, alloy was passivated in autoclave, and then hydroxyapatite was deposited using electrophoresis at room temperature. In result of that multi-layer was formed on the top of the surface consisted of titanium oxide and hydroxyapatite. Phase identification done with use of grazing incidence beam X-ray diffraction proved sequence of obtained coatings. Applied procedure for multi-layer deposition allowed avoiding of the B2 parent phase decomposition. Moreover, the martensitic transformation occurs in two-steps.
J Wave Syndromes as a Cause of Sudden Arrhythmic Death
Authors: Antzelevitch Charles
Published: June 2013

Accentuated J waves have been associated with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VT/VF) for nearly three decades. Prominent J waves characterize both Brugada and early repolarization syndromes leading to their designation as J wave syndromes. An early repolarization (ER) pattern, characterized by J point elevation, slurring of the terminal part of the QRS and ST segment elevation was considered to be a totally benign electrocardiographic manifestation until a decade ago. Recent casecontrol and population-based association studies have advanced evidence that an ER pattern in the inferior or infero-lateral leads is associated with increased risk for life-threatening arrhythmias, named early repolarization syndrome (ERS). ERS and Brugada syndrome (BrS) share similar electrocardiogram features, clinical outcomes, risk factors as well as a common arrhythmic platform related to amplification of Ito-mediated J waves. Although BrS and ERS differ with respect to the magnitude and lead location of abnormal J wave manifestation, they are thought to represent a continuous spectrum of phenotypic expression, termed J wave syndromes. A classification scheme for ERS has been proposed: type 1, displaying an ER pattern predominantly in the lateral precordial leads, is considered to be largely benign; type 2, displaying an ER pattern predominantly in inferior or infero-lateral leads, is associated with a higher level of risk; whereas type 3, displaying an ER pattern globally in inferior, lateral and right precordial leads, is associated with the highest level of risk for development of malignant arrhythmias and is often associated with VF storms.
Delivering below the line in project management – A conceptual exploration
Authors: Ojiako Udechukwu , Chipulu Maxwell , Maguire Stuart
Published: June 2013

Purpose: In this conceptual paper, the argument is put forward that due to the complexity that characterises most project environments, it is now time to examine alternative notions of project outcomes.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is conceptual in nature and draws upon literature on complexity theory, expectations theories and stakeholder theory.Findings: The paper finds that there is a need to articulate a different assessment of project outcomes than has been traditionally undertaken. Such assessments may emphasise the perceptions of project clients formed through their experience of projects throughout the project lifecycle.Implications: This paper raises questions on whether the outcomes of projects are best ‘measured’ or ‘assessed’.
Critical success factors for business intelligence in the South African financial services sector
Authors: Dawson Lionel , Van Belle Jean-Paul
Published: June 2013

Background: Business intelligence (BI) has become an important part of the solution to providing businesses with the vital decision-making information they need to ensure sustainability and to build shareholder value. Critical success factors (CSFs) provide insight into those factors that organisations need to address to improve new BI projects’ chances of success.Objectives: This research aimed to determine which CSFs are the most important in the financial services sector of South Africa.Method: The authors used a Delphi-technique approach with key project stakeholders in three BI projects in different business units of a leading South African financial services group.Results: Authors regarded CSF categories of ‘committed management support and champion’,‘business vision’, ‘user involvement’ and ‘data quality’ as the most critical for BI success.Conclusions: Researchers in the BI field should note that the ranking of CSFs in this study only correlate partially with those a European study uncovered. However, the five factors the authors postulated in their theoretical framework ranked in the seven highest CSFs. Therefore, they provide a very strong validation of the framework. Research in other industries and other emerging economies may discover similar differences and partial similarities. Of special interest would be the degree of correlation between this study and future, and similar emerging market studies. Practitioners, especially BI project managers, would do well to check that they address the CSFs the authors uncovered before undertaking BI projects.
A Non-linear Approach to Signal Processing by Means of Vector Measure Orthogonal Functions
Authors: García-Raffi Luis M. , Jiménez Fernández E. , Sánchez Pérez Enrique A.
Published: June 2013

Sequences of real functions that are orthogonal with respect to a vector measure are a natural generalization of orthogonal systems with respect to a parametric measure. In this paper we develop a new procedure to construct non-linear approximations of functions by defining orthogonal series in spaces of square integrable functions with respect to a vector measure whose Fourier coefficients are also functions. We study the convergence properties of such series, defining a convenient approximation procedure for signal processing involving time dependence of the measure. Some examples involving classical orthogonal polynomials are given.
Transcendental Kähler Cohomology Classes
Authors: Popovici Dan
Published: June 2013

Associated with a real, smooth,

d

-closed

(1, \, 1)

-form

\alpha

of possibly non-rational de Rham cohomology class on a compact complex manifold

X

is a sequence of asymptotically holomorphic complex line bundles

L_k

on

X

equipped with

(0, \, 1)

-connections

\bar\partial_k

for which

\bar\partial_k^2\neq 0

. Their study was begun in the thesis of L. Laeng. We propose in this non-integrable context a substitute for Hörmander's familiar

L^2

-estimates of the

\bar\partial

-equation of the integrable case that is based on analysing the spectra of the Laplace–Beltrami operators

\Delta_k''

associated with

\bar\partial_k

. Global approximately holomorphic peak sections of

L_k

are constructed as a counterpart to Tian's holomorphic peak sections of the integral-class case. Two applications are then obtained when

\alpha

is strictly positive: a Kodaira-type approximately holomorphic projective embedding theorem and a Tian-type almost-isometry theorem for compact Kähler, possibly non-projective, manifolds. Unlike in similar results in the literature for symplectic forms of integral classes, the peculiarity of

\alpha

lies in its transcendental class. This approach will be hopefully continued in future work by relaxing the positivity assumption on

\alpha

.
Enhancement of Decision Rules to Increase Generalizability and Performance of the Rule-Based System Assessing Risk for Pressure Ulcer
Authors: Kim H. , Choi J.
Published: June 2013

Background: A rule-based system, the Braden Scale based Automated Risk Assessment Tool (BART), was developed to assess risk for pressure ulcer in a previous study. However, the BART illustrated two major areas in need of improvement, which were: 1) the enhancement of decision rules and 2) validation of generalizability to increase performance of BART.

Objectives: To enhance decision rules and validate generalizability of the enhanced BART.

Method: Two layers of decision rule enhancement were performed: 1) finding additional data items with the experts and 2) validating logics of decision rules utilizing a guideline modeling language. To refine the decision rules of the BART further, a survey study was conducted to ascertain the operational level of patient status description of the Braden Scale.

The enhanced BART (BART2) was designed to assess levels of pressure ulcer risk of patients (N = 99) whose data were collected by the nurses. The patients’ level of pressure ulcer risk was assessed by the nurses using a Braden Scale, by an expert using a Braden Scale, and by the automatic BART2 electronic risk assessment. SPSS statistical software version 20 (IBM, 2011) was used to test the agreement between the three different risk assessments performed on each patient.

Results: The level of agreement between the BART2 and the expert pressure ulcer assessments was “very good (0.83)”. The sensitivity and the specificity of the BART2 were 86.8% and 90.3% respectively.

Conclusion: This study illustrated successful enhancement of decision rules and increased general-izability and performance of the BART2. Although the BART2 showed a “very good” level of agreement (kappa = 0.83) with an expert, the data reveal a need to improve the moisture parameter of the Braden Scale. Once the moisture parameter has been improved, BART2 will improve the quality of care, while accurately identifying the patients at risk for pressure ulcers.

Citation: Choi J, Kim H. Enhancement of Decision Rules to Increase Generalizability and Performance of the Rule-Based System Assessing Risk for Pressure Ulcer. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 251–266

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-12-RA-0056
Intraosseous Hemangioma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Mukherji Srijon , Chauhan Yogendra Singh
Published: June 2013

Intraosseous vascular lesions are rare conditions, comprising only 0.5 to 1% of all intraosseous hemangioma tumors. They mainly occur in the second decade of life especially in female. The most common locations are the vertebral column and skull; nevertheless, the mandible is quite rare location. Hemangiomas are benign vasoformative neoplasms of endothelial origin. However, the origin of central hemangioma is debatable. Cavernous hemangioma produces dilemma in diagnosis with central gaint cell tumor, aneurysmal bone cyst, ameloblastoma, cystic lesion such as residual cyst, keratocyst and fibro-osseous lesions, such as fibrous dysplasia being frontier in clinical diagnosis. Here, we report a 6 years male with cavernous hemangioma of mandible.

How to cite this article

Chauhan YS, Mukherji S. Intraosseous Hemangioma: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(2):66-69.