bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expressões da desigualdade social no Distrito Federal entre 2018 e 2020: O acirramento da “questão social” durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Elias Michelly Ferreira Monteiro
Published: May 2021

Este artigo apresenta resultados preliminares da pesquisa sobre as expressões da desigualdade social no Distrito Federal (DF) tendo como referência alguns dos principais dados socioeconômicos dessa realidade entre os anos de 2018 e 2020. Considera-se que o conjunto das desigualdades existentes na sociedade tem como fundamento a relação de exploração do capital sobre o trabalho, regida pela lei geral de acumulação capitalista, conforme desenvolvido por Marx no capítulo 23 do Livro 1 do Volume 1 da obra O Capital. A realização desse estudo baseia-se no método materialismo histórico dialético, utilizando procedimentos metodológicos de caráter quanti-qualitativo. Os estudos preliminares constatam a existência de uma profunda desigualdade socioeconômica no Distrito Federal (DF), identificando que as regiões administrativas que possuem a menor renda do PIB per capita possuem os maiores índices de desemprego e de trabalho informal, situação que tem se agravado durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e levado ao acirramento das expressões da “questão social” principalmente no que diz respeito ao aumento da pobreza, do desemprego e da desigualdade.
“Partiu estágio!” Relato de experiência de uma acadêmica de enfermagem
Authors: Gomes Liliane de Almeida , Sampaio Daniela Márcia Neri , Simões Aline Vieira , Ribeiro Vívian Mara
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer, a partir do relato de experiência de uma acadêmica do curso de Graduação em Enfermagem, as contribuições que o programa do governo do estado, “Partiu Estágio”, proporcionou na sua formação acadêmica e identificar as lacunas na execução do referido programa.  Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, que ocorreu em um hospital de grande porte de um município baiano, situado na região sudoeste do Estado, através do programa “Partiu Estágio”. Resultados: As experiências vivenciadas durante o período de abril de 2018 a abril de 2019, assegurou a acadêmica uma formação diferenciada na realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde, dentre elas podemos elencar a Parceria Público-Privada. Conclusão: Essa experiência enriqueceu o arcabouço pessoal e profissional da mesma ao possibilitar superação de desafios, contornar situações adversas e tomada decisão, tendo como resultado o aprimoramento do senso crítico e do convívio interpessoal no ambiente de trabalho.  Assim, ressalta-se a relevância da participação de acadêmicas (os) em programas de estágios extracurriculares para possibilitar uma formação crítico-reflexiva, priorizando os princípios e diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde; como também a necessidade em ampliar diálogos entre a gestão de programas de estágio do governo do estado, com as instituições de educação superior e instituições concedente do estágio.
Hidroxicloroquina e Covid-19, parecer do CFM: Principiologia, Contradições e Complexidade
Authors: Araújo Ângelo Augusto da Silva , Silva José Rodrigo Santos
Published: May 2021

O estudo propõe uma reanálise principiológica do parecer relacionado com a liberação da hidroxicloroquina pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM). No Parecer, o CFM libera o médico prescritor de sanções éticas, fundamentado na falta de outros recursos medicamentosos disponíveis, disponibilidade da droga, baixo custo e no princípio da autonomia. Desconsiderando as relações principiológicas, assim como, o Biodireito, código de defesa do consumidor e outros pensamentos ligados aos códigos civil e penal, poderá expor o médico a imputações judiciais.
Cuidando do cuidador: Um relato de experiência de intervenções de boas práticas de saúde para profissionais da atenção primária da linha frente na COVID-19
Authors: Melo Tereza Cristina Linhares Costa , Sampaio Ana Claudia Costa de , Albuquerque Neto Francisco Walter de , Santos Jorge Luís Rodrigues dos , Alves Paloma Carvalho , Gadelha Lizianea de Aragão , Costa Silvinha de Sousa Vasconcelos , Araújo Carlos Romualdo de Carvalho e , Vasconcelos Ana Kelly Cândido , Ferreira Francisco Valdicélio
Published: May 2021

Introdução: Relata-se a experiência da intervenção em saúde denominada: “Cuidando do cuidador”, junto a profissionais da equipe mínima de um Centro de Saúde da Família (CSF). A aplicação desta intervenção teve como objetivo propiciar incentivo, apoio e autocuidado aos profissionais da unidade da linha de frente da pandemia da Covid-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo descritivo e qualitativo, realizado no Centro de Saúde da Família, Dr. Grijalba Mendes Carneiro, localizado em Sobral, zona Norte do Ceará, no mês de outubro de 2020. A intervenção dividiu-se em momentos de aplicação técnicas de relaxamento, com alongamentos, massagens, musicoterapia e meditação guiada, além de educação em saúde com residentes da unidade. Participaram da intervenção: agentes comunitários de saúde, enfermeiros, auxiliares administrativos, técnicos de enfermagem e médico. Resultados: Após a intervenção, foi perceptível a diminuição da tensão destes profissionais, pois precisavam de autocuidado, relaxamento físico e mental após a sobrecarga exaustiva do trabalho na pandemia Covid-19.  Os participantes relataram desejo que tais práticas acontecessem com regularidade no CSF. Conclusão: A intervenção mostrou-se relevante ao melhor bem-estar físico e mental desses profissionais, ao reduzir estresse e tensão decorrentes da sobrecarga laboral pandêmica. Assim, promoveu-se autocuidado àqueles que tanto se doam para cuidar do outro.
Treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade na ocorrência de lesões em corredores: Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Soares Bruno Alvarenga , Souza Vinícius Veiga de , Lage Vanessa Kelly da Silva
Published: May 2021

Introdução: Especula-se que uma modalidade tão intensa como o Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade poderia ser um dos fatores para gerar um maior número de lesões em corredores. Objetivo: Revisar, na literatura, estudos que registram lesões provocadas pelo treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade em praticantes recreativos ou profissionais de corrida. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura utilizando as bases de dados LILACS (Literatu¬ra Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), MEDLINE (US National Library of Medicine), SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online) com os descritores "high intensity interval training", "injury", "running" e “runners” com suas variações. A pesquisa foi limitada com base na disponibilidade de texto (texto completo disponível), data de publicação (de janeiro de 2000 a março 2020), espécies (humanos), sem restrição de idioma. Foi permitida inclusão de qualquer modalidade de corredores (recreativos e profissionais). Foram excluídos da pesquisa os artigos que não utilizavam HIIT ou que não apresentavam relação entre treinamento e lesões. Resultados: Foram eleitos 32 artigos para a leitura do re¬sumo e excluídos os que não condiziam com o propósito deste estudo. Foram selecionados 7 artigos que preenchiam os critérios propostos e foram seguidos, nessa ordem, os seguintes passos: leitura exploratória; análise dos tex¬tos, finalizando com a realização de leitura interpretati¬va e redação. Conclusão: Ainda há poucos estudos que investigaram a ocorrência de lesões com a prática do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade em corredores. Dos estudos encontrados, as amostras eram pequenas e se apresentavam em diferentes tipos de corredores como de elite e recreativos.
Uso de Sensoriamento Remoto e Geoprocessamento para estimativa de áreas vegetadas e não vegetadas nos bairros de maior crescimento em São Luís-MA, durante os anos de 2000 e 2010
Authors: Garcia Ronald Costa , Araujo Rodrigo da Cruz de
Published: May 2021

Na cidade de São Luís do Maranhão houve um crescimento populacional de 17% durante os anos de 2000 à 2010. O crescimento urbano decorrente de aumento populacional afeta a cobertura vegetal, em algumas áreas essa alteração pode ser positiva devido ao aumento da vegetação ou negativa devido a perda de vegetação. Uma vez que a expansão urbana afeta diretamente as áreas vegetadas faz-se interessante a realização de mapeamentos constantes da cobertura vegetal. Diante disso, o sensoriamento remoto e o geoprocessamento aliados a um Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) podem ser alternativas viáveis para o estudo sobre o vigor vegetativo de determinadas regiões por meio do Índice por Diferença Normalizada (NDVI), como forma de estimar a alteração na vegetação decorrente da expansão urbana entre os anos de 2000 e 2010, na capital maranhense. Neste estudo, identificou-se os quinze bairros da cidade que obtiveram maior crescimento populacional, além disso os bairros foram classificados de acordo com os padrões de ocupações. A partir das imagens de satélites provenientes do sensoriamento remoto, aliadas com as técnicas de geoprocessamento foi possível estimar as áreas vegetadas e não vegetadas dos bairros de maior crescimento da cidade de São Luís-MA, nos anos de 2000 e 2010. Sete bairros apresentaram perdas de vegetação ao longo do período, outros sete apresentaram um aumento das áreas de vegetação e um bairro não apresentou variação.
Avaliação de potenciais interações medicamentosas em prescrições de antimicrobianos em um hospital no Estado do Pará
Authors: Vilaça Samara de Oliveira , Santana Diego da Silva , Alves Elizama da Sá , Penha Soraia dos Santos , Vale Valdicley Vieira , Ribeiro Carolina Heitmann Mares Azevedo
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: avaliar as potenciais interações medicamentosas de antimicrobianos em prescrições de pacientes internados em um hospital no Estado do Pará, no ano de 2019. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo quali-quantitativo, retrospectivo e transversal, realizado através da coleta de dados de prontuários de pacientes que fizeram uso de antibióticos e estavam internados no ano de 2019 em um hospital no Pará. As interações medicamentosas foram avaliadas através da base de dados do Micromedex. Resultados: No período em estudo, 83% (n=762) dos pacientes que foram internados na instituição fizeram uso de antibiótico. Houve prevalência do sexo masculino com 54% (n=409), a idade média foi de 56 anos. Foram prescritos 6870 medicamentos, sendo que 1727 (25%) eram antimicrobianos, média de dois antibióticos prescritos por paciente. Obteve-se uma taxa de 52% (n=395) de interações medicamentosas entre os medicamentos antimicrobianos e de outras classes. O fármaco ciprofloxacino apresentou o maior número de interações, 42% (n=165), interagindo com 12 fármacos diferentes. Conclusão: as prescrições analisadas apresentaram um alto índice de potenciais interações medicamentosas. Dessa maneira, afirma-se que a presença do profissional farmacêutico inseridos nas equipes multiprofissionais e no processo de avaliação de prescrições no setor hospitalar, é de extrema importância e necessidade para diminuição dos riscos e aumento na segurança do paciente no uso de medicamentos.
Factors impeding the adoption of weed management practices in four cropping systems of the Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Ch. Khalid Mehmood , Ashraf Ijaz , Tanveer Asif
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted in district Gujranwala with the major objective to identify factors impeding the awareness level and adoption of weed management practices among the farmers from Rice-Wheat, Rice-Potato, Rice-Maize and Rice-Peas cropping systems. Total 356 farmers, selected through the proportionate sampling technique from four cropping systems participated in the study. Data were collected through a structured and validated questionnaire through a face-to-face interview technique and analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings indicated that, inadequate resources, knowledge and limited exposure to the information sources were the factors influencing the awareness level among farmers across the four cropping systems Shortage of finance, high cost of inputs, high cost of diesel and possession of inadequate knowledge were the barriers impeding adoption level. This study suggests that, in order to create awareness and foster the adoption of recommended weed management technologies to further curb the yield losses, the Extension Field Staff should strive to build technical knowledge among farmers through diversified teaching activities. The Integration of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) could help EFS to meet farmers information needs. Furthermore, public-private partnership is also recommended especially for the effective weeds’ management on farm level.
İzmir İli Halk Kütüphanesi Çalışanlarında Meslek Etiği Algısı ve Davranışları
Authors: ÇAKIRER Serenay , AKKAYA Mehmet Ali
Published: May 2021

Kütüphaneler, bilgiye erişimde kullanıcı ile bilgi arasında köprü görevi üstlenmektedir. Bilginin derlenmesinde, düzenlenmesinde ve kullanıma sunulmasında önemli bir rol oynayan kütüphane çalışanlarının mesleğe karşı sorumluluklarını yazılı hale getiren mesleki etik ilkeler, tüm kütüphanelerde olduğu gibi, halk kütüphanelerinde de etkin bir role sahiptir. Daha çok toplumla iç içe hizmet veren ve kapıları herkese açık olan halk kütüphanesi çalışanları için mesleki etik ilkeler vazgeçilemez niteliktedir. Çalışma, Türkiye’deki halk kütüphanelerinde görev yapan kütüphanecilerin mesleki etik algısını ve bu bağlamda mesleki etik ilkelerinin uygulanabilirlik durumunu İzmir ili örneği üzerinden saptamak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, İzmir ilinde yer alan 38 il/ilçe halk kütüphanesinde hizmet veren kütüphane çalışanlarının mesleki etik farkındalığını ölçmeye yönelik sorular derlenmiş ve bu sorulara verilen yanıtlar üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Yönetici ve kütüphane çalışanlarından oluşan toplamda 166 kişilik evrende, görev tanımları nedeniyle kullanıcılarla doğrudan teması olan ve buna bağlı olarak etik ikilemler yaşamak durumunda kalan 110 personel, örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Bu grup içerisinden 89 kişinin vermiş olduğu yanıtlar, SPSS istatistik yazılım programından yararlanılarak araştırmanın amacı odağında analiz edilmiştir. Anket çalışmasına katılan halk kütüphanesi çalışanlarının vermiş oldukları yanıtlar neticesinde, çalışanların mesleki etik ilkeler konusunda yeterli farkındalığa sahibi olmadıkları ve mesleki etik ikilem durumlarında ‘doğru’ olanı yapma yetkinliklerinin tam olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak, çalışmanın evrenini oluşturan kütüphanecilerin, toplumun tamamına hizmet verme yükümlülüğü olan halk kütüphanesi işleyişinde mesleki etik duyarlılığını mesleki davranışlarına yeteri kadar yansımadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda, elde edilen bulgular ışığında mesleki etik ilkelerin, günümüzün değişen dinamikleri ve hizmet anlayışı doğrultusunda güncellenerek yeniden ve tüm paydaşları eksiksiz kucaklayacak şekilde revize edilmesinin gerekliliğine dikkat çekilmiş ve bu konuda bulgulardan yola çıkılarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Gifted and Talented Students’ Views about Biology Activities in a Science and Art Center
Authors:   Biology Teacher, Ministry of National Education, Kocaeli, Turkey, Özarslan Murat , Çetin Gülcan ,   Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Biology Education, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to determine gifted and talented students’ views about biology activities in a science and art center. The study was conducted with 26 gifted and talented students who studied at a science and art center in southwestern Turkey. Students studied animal and plant genus and species in biology activities. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and content analyses methods. The research results revealed that the students had a great interest in the animals and plants, which they could not see nor examine closely in their own daily life. Since they found the activities enjoyable, interesting, and exciting, they liked biology courses much more. The results are discussed in terms of the education of the gifted and talented students.
Pre-service Science Teachers’ Perceptions toward Additional Instructional Strategies in Biology Laboratory Applications: Blended Learning
Authors:   Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Ahi Evran University, Turkey, Olpak Yusuf Ziya , Ates Huseyin ,   Department of Science Education, Ahi Evran University, Turkey
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine pre-service science teachers’ perceptions toward additional instructional strategies in biology laboratory applications in the scope of blended learning. This study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design model and was conducted with 69 students who study in their 2nd year in the department of science education at a state university in Turkey. Academic achievement test, personal information form, student feedback form, semi-structured interview, and additional instructional strategies were used to collect the data. To determine students’ academic achievements, the scores obtained from the academic achievement test were used from a pre-test and post-test and additional instructional strategies (discussion question, reflection paper, task assignment, and quiz) were used. In addition, students’ views and satisfaction levels toward the course were examined. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, and content analysis were used. The results of the study showed that students’ academic achievement scores showed a significant difference in terms of the additional instructional strategies. In addition, students’ evaluation scores and satisfaction levels about the learning process were high, but there was no significant difference in terms of additional instructional strategies. In the future, conducting similar studies with wider samples could be effective in terms of contributing to the relevant literature at different education levels and different disciplines.
Relational patterns in atlas cartography: educational-practical system of choropleth map
Authors:   Institute of Geography, National Academy of Sciences, CHABANIUK V. , DYSHLYK O. ,   GeoSolutios, LLC
Published: May 2021

This article describes the relational concepts of modern “choropleth map relational pattern of atlas cartography”, presented as Educational-practical system of choropleth map (EPSCM). Such patterns and systems are needed to provide practically useful knowledge about thematic maps for the user groups such as: practical cartographers, students of cartographic specialties, developers of modern atlas systems and (maybe) unskilled users. In the work two kinds of choropleth map pattern relations are described. The epistemological (vertical) relations are defining repetitive relations between representations of choropleth map that exist in the three phases of choropleth map life cycle: research, development and operation. These phases correspond to the conceptual, application, and operational strata of choropleth map existence defined in work. Transformational (horizontal) relations describe repetitive relations that exist between the product (choropleth map) and the process of its creation on some specific Stratum. It is proved that necessary to deal with the socalled main triad of choropleth map solutions framework to achieve educational and practical purposes: products-processes of the current strata (eg, application) and their counterparts in the more highly organized strata (eg, conceptual). To prove the main results the reduction and abduction are used. The reduction is applied to obtain the structure of the solution from the more common solutions of atlas systems. Abduction is applied to (re)prove the validity of vertical and horizontal relations for practically useful choropleth map. As additional evidence is used induction: proposed analogy between the concepts of the choropleth map strata and levels of van Gigch’s general systems theory and Bunge’s metacartography.
General principles of ground of efficiency of informatively-measuring technologies in the process of exploitation of objects of the real estate
Authors:   The state enterprise “Research institute of building production”, HRYHOROVSKYI P. , CHUKANOVA N. ,   The state enterprise “Research institute of building production”, KROSHKA YU. ,   The state enterprise “Research institute of building production”, OSADCHA I. ,   The state enterprise “Research institute of building production”
Published: May 2021

Aim of this work – to set forth general principles of ground of efficiency of informatively-measuring technologies in the process of exploitation of objects of the real estate. Methodology. The method of substantiating the effectiveness of the restoration of the technical condition of real estate in the process of their operation is based on the use of information and measurement technologies to establish the technical condition of the object, which is a combination of information retrieval methods, instrumental measurement, analysis and processing of such information, technological and technical solutions to ensure the operational suitability of the facility in conditions of uncertainty. The method involves the formation of a repair strategy using information and measurement technologies based on the development of the life cycle of repairs and algorithms for selecting options for instrumental monitoring systems, choosing the procedure for studying the duration of measurement work, justification of labor and information technology costs and comparative assessment of total costs of real estate object. Results. It is established that measuring works are an integral part of the process of operation and repair work in its composition, which are carried out according to a single schedule of operation of the building and are part of repair work, and the frequency and volume of measuring, including geodetic work correlate with. To plan the volume of measuring work, their duration and labor costs are determined on the basis of existing time norms, and in their absence – by methods of technical rationing. Substantiation of the effectiveness of information and measurement technologies in the operation of real estate is performed by comparative assessment of total costs during the operational stage of its life cycle, taking into account the costs of implementing information and measurement technologies, that is the set of processes for obtaining information by instrumental measurement and processing ‘effective conclusion on the technical condition of the property. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is in the development of general principles for substantiating the effectiveness of information and measurement technologies in the operation of real estate. The practical significance lies in the improvement of standard solutions for the choice of composition and content of information and measurement technologies, taking into account their impact on the duration and labor costs of all types of repairs and reconstruction.
Scientific, international and public activities of the Society in 2020
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, TREVOHO I. , CHETVERIKOV B. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2021

The main results of the activities of the Public Union “Ukrainian Society of Geodesy and Cartography” (PU “USGC”) and theWestern Geodetic Society (WGS) USGC in 2020 in the difficult conditions of the pandemic “Covid-19” are presented. The active actions of the Society for the protection of the geodetic industry of the countries are highlighted; cooperation with government agencies and information, especially with the State Cadastre; with production and public organizations; strong preparation for the anniversary ISTC “Geoforum 2020” and support for other scientific forums; updated business contacts with FIG and CLGE; raising the professional level of the Company’s journal; celebrating important divisions in the life of countries, industries, teams and the best professionals.
Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Shi Jie , Li Xiaoyong , Zhang Weiwei , Niu Yixin , Lin Ning , Zhang Hongmei , Ning Guang , Fan Jiangao , Qin Li , Su Qing , Yang Zhen
Published: May 2021

Aims: To evaluate the prospective association of circulating PCSK9 levels with the cardiometabolic risk profiles (high LDL-cholesterol, high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome).

Methods: A population-based prospective study was conducted among 7,104 Chinese individuals (age 56.2 ± 7.5 years; 32.0% men). Circulating PCSK9 levels were measured using ELISA.

Results: Circulating PCSK9 levels were higher in women than men (286.7 ± 90.1 vs. 276.1 ± 86.4 ng/ml, p < 0.001). And circulating PCSK9 was positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides both in men and women (all p < 0.001). The positive correlation between PCSK9 and waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and C-reactive protein (all p < 0.01) was observed in women only. According to Cox regression analysis, circulating PCSK9 was positively associated with incidence of high LDL-cholesterol both in men (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09–1.65, p < 0.001) and women (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12–1.69, p < 0.001). Moreover, PCSK9 was significantly associated with incident high triglycerides (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.72, p < 0.001), hypertension (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.53, p = 0.011), type 2 diabetes (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09–1.76, p = 0.005), and metabolic syndrome (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11–1.65, p = 0.009) per SD change in women only. No statistically significant association was observed between circulating PCSK9 and incidence of low HDL-cholesterol (p > 0.1).

Conclusions: Elevated circulating PCSK9 was significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and independently contributed to the prediction of cardiometabolic risks in women.
Predictive Value of Thyroglobulin Changes for the Curative Effect of Radioiodine Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Congcong , Zhang Ruiguo , Wang Renfei , Meng Zhaowei , Zhang Guizhi , Dong Feng , He Yajing , Tan Jian
Published: May 2021

Background

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) serves as a sensitive and easily available tumor marker for patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma (m-DTC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive value of suppressed Tg changes (Δsup-Tg) and/or stimulated Tg changes (Δsti-Tg) to evaluate the efficacy of radioiodine therapy (RT).

Methods

We studied 117 patients with m-DTC who received RT. Δsup-Tg and Δsti-Tg were compared after the first RT in different therapeutic response groups and a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off values to predict non-remission. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the effects of 17 observed factors on the efficacy of RT.

Results

A total of 218 RT events in 117 patients with m-DTC were analyzed. After the last RT, the remission rate was 70.94% (83/117), and the proportion of remission events accounted for 74.77% (163/218). ROC curve analysis showed that the cut-off values for Δsup-Tg and Δsti-Tg after the first RT to predict the non-remission of RT were 21.54% and 27.63%, respectively. Age, the size of the metastasis, the maximum count of target metastatic lesions and the average count of contralateral non-target tissue on tomographic imaging (Tmax/NTmean) of the first RT, and Δsup-Tg after the first RT were identified as independent factors associated with RT efficacy.

Conclusions

Tg response was valuable to predict RT efficacy for patients with m-DTC. Age, the size of the metastasis, Tmax/NTmean, and Δsup-Tg after the first RT were verified as independent predictive factors of RT efficacy.
Identifying Susceptibility Loci for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using a Fast Sequence Kernel Association Test
Authors: Huang Manyan , Lyu Chen , Li Xin , Qureshi Abrar A. , Han Jiali , Li Ming
Published: May 2021

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for about 20% of all skin cancers, the most common type of malignancy in the United States. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified multiple genetic variants associated with the risk of cSCC. Most of these studies were single-locus-based, testing genetic variants one-at-a-time. In this article, we performed gene-based association tests to evaluate the joint effect of multiple variants, especially rare variants, on the risk of cSCC by using a fast sequence kernel association test (fastSKAT). The study included 1,710 cSCC cases and 24,304 cancer-free controls from the Nurses’ Health Study, the Nurses’ Health Study II and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We used UCSC Genome Browser to define gene units as candidate loci, and further evaluated the association between all variants within each gene unit and disease outcome. Four genesHP1BP3, DAG1, SEPT7P2, andSLFN12were identified using Bonferroni adjusted significance level. Our study is complementary to the existing GWASs, and our findings may provide additional insights into the etiology of cSCC. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
Sex-Dependent Effects of the Microbiome on Foraging and Locomotion in Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Shu Runhang , Hahn Daniel A. , Jurkevitch Edouard , Liburd Oscar E. , Yuval Boaz , Wong Adam Chun-Nin
Published: May 2021

There is growing evidence that symbiotic microbes can influence multiple nutrition-related behaviors of their hosts, including locomotion, feeding, and foraging. However, how the microbiome affects nutrition-related behavior is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate clear sexual dimorphism in how the microbiome affects foraging behavior of a frugivorous fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. Female flies deprived of their microbiome (axenic) were consistently less active in foraging on fruits than their conventional counterparts, even though they were more susceptible to starvation and starvation-induced locomotion was notably more elevated in axenic than conventional females. Such behavioral change was not observed in male flies. The lag of axenic female flies but not male flies to forage on fruits is associated with lower oviposition by axenic flies, and mirrored by reduced food seeking observed in virgin females when compared to mated, gravid females. In contrast to foraging intensity being highly dependent on the microbiome, conventional and axenic flies of both sexes showed relatively consistent and similar fruit preferences in foraging and oviposition, with raspberries being preferred among the fruits tested. Collectively, this work highlights a clear sex-specific effect of the microbiome on foraging and locomotion behaviors in flies, an important first step toward identifying specific mechanisms that may drive the modulation of insect behavior by interactions between the host, the microbiome, and food.
How Teichoic Acids Could Support a Periplasm in Gram-Positive Bacteria, and Let Cell Division Cheat Turgor Pressure
Authors: Erickson Harold P.
Published: May 2021

The cytoplasm of bacteria is maintained at a higher osmolality than the growth medium, which generates a turgor pressure. The cell membrane (CM) cannot support a large turgor, so there are two possibilities for transferring the pressure to the peptidoglycan cell wall (PGW): (1) the CM could be pressed directly against the PGW, or (2) the CM could be separated from the PGW by a periplasmic space that is isoosmotic with the cytoplasm. There is strong evidence for gram-negative bacteria that a periplasm exists and is isoosmotic with the cytoplasm. No comparable studies have been done for gram-positive bacteria. Here I suggest that a periplasmic space is probably essential in order for the periplasmic proteins to function, including especially the PBPs that remodel the peptidoglycan wall. I then present a semi-quantitative analysis of how teichoic acids could support a periplasm that is isoosmotic with the cytoplasm. The fixed anionic charge density of teichoic acids in the periplasm is ∼0.5 M, which would bring in ∼0.5 M Na+ neutralizing ions. This approximately balances the excess osmolality of the cytoplasm that would produce a turgor pressure of 19 atm. The 0.5 M fixed charge density is similar to that of proteoglycans in articular cartilage, suggesting a comparability ability to support pressure. An isoosmotic periplasm would be especially important for cell division, since it would allow CM constriction and PGW synthesis to avoid turgor pressure.
Women Neuroscientist Disciples of Pío del Río-Hortega: the Cajal School Spreads in Europe and South America
Authors: Nombela Cristina , Fernández-Egea Emilio , Giné Elena , Worbe Yulia , del Río-Hortega Bereciartu Juan , de Castro Fernando
Published: May 2021

Pio del Rio-Hortega was not only the discoverer of the microglia and oligodendroglia but also possibly the most prolific mentor of all Santiago Ramon y Cajal’s disciples (Nobel awardee in Physiology or Medicine 1906 and considered as the father of modern Neuroscience). Among Río-Hortega’s mentees, three exceptional women are frequently forgotten, chronologically: Pio’s niece Asunción Amo del Río who worked with Río-Hortega at Madrid, Paris, and Oxford; the distinguished British neuropathologist Dorothy Russell who also worked with Don Pío at Oxford; and Amanda Pellegrino de Iraldi, the last mentee in his career. Our present work analyzes the figures of these three women who were in contact and collaborated with Don Pío del Río-Hortega, describing the influences received and the impact on their careers and the History of Neuroscience. The present work completes the contribution of women neuroscientists who worked with Cajal and his main disciples of the Spanish Neurological School both in Spain (previous work) and in other countries (present work).
Muscle Synergies in Children Walking and Running on a Treadmill
Authors: Bach Margit M. , Daffertshofer Andreas , Dominici Nadia
Published: May 2021

Muscle synergies reflect the presence of a common neural input to multiple muscles. Steering small sets of synergies is commonly believed to simplify the control of complex motor tasks like walking and running. When these locomotor patterns emerge, it is likely that synergies emerge as well. We hence hypothesized that in children learning to run the number of accompanying synergies increases and that some of the synergies’ activities display a temporal shift related to a reduced stance phase as observed in adults. We investigated the development of locomotion in 23 children aged 2–9 years of age and compared them with seven young adults. Muscle activity of 15 bilateral leg, trunk, and arm muscles, ground reaction forces, and kinematics were recorded during comfortable treadmill walking and running, followed by a muscle synergy analysis. We found that toddlers (2–3.5 years) and preschoolers (3.5–6.5 years) utilize a “walk-run strategy” when learning to run: they managed the fastest speeds on the treadmill by combining double support (DS) and flight phases (FPs). In particular the activity duration of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was weakly correlated with age. The number of synergies across groups and conditions needed to cover sufficient data variation ranged between four and eight. The number of synergies tended to be smaller in toddlers than it did in preschoolers and school-age children but the adults had the lowest number for both conditions. Against our expectations, the age groups did not differ significantly in the timing or duration of synergies. We believe that the increase in the number of muscle synergies in older children relates to motor learning and exploration. The ability to run with a FP is clearly associated with an increase in the number of muscle synergies.
The Functions, Methods, and Mobility of Mitochondrial Transfer Between Cells
Authors: Qin Yiming , Jiang Xin , Yang Qi , Zhao Jiaqi , Zhou Qiong , Zhou Yanhong
Published: May 2021

Mitochondria are vital organelles in cells, regulating energy metabolism and apoptosis. Mitochondrial transcellular transfer plays a crucial role during physiological and pathological conditions, such as rescuing recipient cells from bioenergetic deficit and tumorigenesis. Studies have shown several structures that conduct transcellular transfer of mitochondria, including tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and Cx43 gap junctions (GJs). The intra- and intercellular transfer of mitochondria is driven by a transport complex. Mitochondrial Rho small GTPase (MIRO) may be the adaptor that connects the transport complex with mitochondria, and myosin XIX is the motor protein of the transport complex, which participates in the transcellular transport of mitochondria through TNTs. In this review, the roles of TNTs, EVs, GJs, and related transport complexes in mitochondrial transcellular transfer are discussed in detail, as well as the formation mechanisms of TNTs and EVs. This review provides the basis for the development of potential clinical therapies targeting the structures of mitochondrial transcellular transfer.
Pro-Tumorigenic Macrophage Infiltration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Possible Macrophage-Aimed Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Bruna Flavia , Scodeller Pablo
Published: May 2021

In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC), as in other solid tumors, stromal cells strongly support the spread and growth of the tumor. Macrophages in tumors (tumor-associated macrophages or “TAMs”), can swing between a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic (M1-like TAMs) state or an anti‐inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic (M2-like TAMs) profile depending on the tumor microenvironment cues. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the importance of macrophages in the prognosis of patients with different types of cancer. Here, our aim was to review the role of M2-like TAMs in the prognosis of patients with OSCC and provide a state of the art on strategies for depleting or reprogramming M2-like TAMs as a possible therapeutic solution for OSCC. The Clinical studies reviewed showed that higher density of CD163+ M2-like TAMs associated with worse survival and that CD206+ M2-TAMs are involved in OSCC progression through epidermal growth factor (EGF) secretion, underlining the important role of CD206 as a marker of OSCC progression and as a therapeutic target. Here, we provide the reader with the current tools, in preclinical and clinical stage, for depleting M2-like TAMs, re-educating them towards M1-like TAMs, and exploiting TAMs as drug delivery vectors.
Epidemiology of the Use of Hemostatic Agents in Children Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Pediatric Health Information System Database Study
Authors: Nellis Marianne E. , Vasovic Ljiljana V. , Goel Ruchika , Karam Oliver
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are at high risk of bleeding. Though practitioners often prescribe blood components and/or medications to prevent or treat bleeding, the utilization of these hemostatic measures in children is not well-understood. We sought to evaluate the use of hemostatic blood products (platelet, plasma and cryoprecipitate transfusions) and medications [aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid (TXA) and Factor VIIa] in children supported by ECMO.

Design: Retrospective observational study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database from 2011-2017.

Setting: Fifty-one U.S. children's hospitals.

Patients: Children (aged 0–18 years) supported by ECMO.

Interventions: None.

Measurements and Main Results: ECMO was employed in the care of 7,910 children for a total of 56,079 ECMO days. Fifty-five percent of the patients were male with a median (IQR) age of 0 (0–2) years. The median (IQR) length of ECMO was 5 (2–9) days with a hospital mortality rate of 34%. Platelets were transfused on 49% of ECMO days, plasma on 33% of ECMO days and cryoprecipitate on 17% of ECMO days. Twenty-two percent of children received TXA with the majority receiving it on the first day of ECMO and the use of TXA increased during the 6-year period studied (p < 0.001). Seven percent of children received aminocaproic acid and 3% received Factor VIIa.

Conclusions: Children supported by ECMO are exposed to a significant number of hemostatic blood products. Antifibrinolytics, in particular TXA, are being used more frequently. Given the known morbidity and mortality associated with hemostatic blood products, studies are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness of hemostatic strategies.
Impact of Wheat on Soybean Cyst Nematode Population Density in Double-Cropping Soybean Production
Authors: Rocha Leonardo F. , Pimentel Mirian F. , Bailey John , Wyciskalla Terry , Davidson Dan , Fakhoury Ahmad M. , Bond Jason P.
Published: May 2021

Double-cropping is defined as producing more than one crop on the same parcel of land in a single growing season. It is reported to have many benefits when incorporated in cropping systems, including improving soil health. In some double-cropping systems, soybean is planted following winter wheat. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major soybean pathogen, and several reports suggest suppressive effects of wheat on SCN populations. Field trials were conducted from 2017 to 2018 to investigate the effect of wheat on SCN populations in double-cropping soybean. Nine fields with three levels of initial SCN populations (low, moderate, and high) were selected in Illinois. Wheat was planted in strips alternating with strips-maintained weed-free and under fallow over winter and early spring. Soybean was planted in all strips after wheat harvest. SCN egg densities were acquired at four time points: wheat establishment, post-wheat/pre-soybean, mid-soybean (R1 growth stage or beginning of flowering), and post-soybean harvest. Wheat strips reduced SCN egg densities compared with fallow strips at the R1 stage (−31.8%) and after soybean harvest (−32.7%). Double-cropping soybean with wheat has the potential to suppress SCN field populations and is a system with the potential to provide additional farm income. This study is meant to be a first step toward a better understanding of the mechanisms that govern the suppression of SCN by wheat.
Evidence for Glacial Refugia of the Forest Understorey Species Helleborus niger (Ranunculaceae) in the Southern as Well as in the Northern Limestone Alps
Authors: Záveská Eliška , Kirschner Philipp , Frajman Božo , Wessely Johannes , Willner Wolfgang , Gattringer Andreas , Hülber Karl , Lazić Desanka , Dobeš Christoph , Schönswetter Peter
Published: May 2021

Glacial refugia of alpine and subnival biota have been intensively studied in the European Alps but the fate of forests and their understory species in that area remains largely unclear. In order to fill this gap, we aimed at disentangling the spatiotemporal diversification of disjunctly distributed black helleboreHelleborus niger(Ranunculaceae). We applied a set of phylogeographic analyses based on restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) data and plastid DNA sequences to a range-wide sampling of populations. These analyses were supplemented with species distribution models generated for the present and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We used exploratory analyses to delimit genomically coherent groups and then employed demographic modeling to reconstruct the history of these groups. We uncovered a deep split between two major genetic groups with western and eastern distribution within the Southern Limestone Alps, likely reflecting divergent evolution since the mid-Pleistocene in two glacial refugia situated along the unglaciated southern margin of the Alps. Long-term presence in the Southern Limestone Alps is also supported by high numbers of private alleles, elevated levels of nucleotide diversity and the species’ modeled distribution at the LGM. The deep genetic divergence, however, is not reflected in leaf shape variation, suggesting that the morphological discrimination of genetically divergent entities withinH. nigeris questionable. At a shallower level, populations from the Northern Limestone Alps are differentiated from those in the Southern Limestone Alps in both RADseq and plastid DNA data sets, reflecting the North-South disjunction within the Eastern Alps. The underlying split was dated to ca. 0.1 mya, which is well before the LGM. In the same line, explicit tests of demographic models consistently rejected the hypothesis that the partial distribution area in the Northern Limestone Alps is the result of postglacial colonization. Taken together, our results strongly support that forest understory species such asH. nigerhave survived the LGM in refugia situated along the southern, but also along the northern or northeastern periphery of the Alps. Being a slow migrator, the species has likely survived repeated glacial-interglacial circles in distributional stasis while the composition of the tree canopy changed in the meanwhile.
Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) as an Optimal Treatment for Schizophrenia Risk Decision: an ERSP Study
Authors: Wu Yang , Wang Lu , Yu Fengqiong , Ji Gong-Jun , Xiao Guixian , Feifei Xu , Chunyan Zhu , Xingui Chen , Wang Kai
Published: May 2021

Objective: People with schizophrenia have serious impairments in social function, especially in decision-making ability. Transcranial magnetic stimulation modified intermittent theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (iTBS) has been shown to regulate the functional connection of brain networks. Our study explored the therapeutic effect of iTBS on decision-making disorders in schizophrenia.

Methods: Participants were pseudorandomized and assigned to iTBS (n = 16) or sham (n = 16) group. iTBS group was administered 1,800 pulses on the target of the left dorsol lateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) per day for 14 consecutive days. We compared Iowa gambling task performance and associated event-related spectral perturbation results (ERSP) among two groups.

Results: The results show that participants' performance in the high-lose in the iTBS group had stronger stimulation of theta spectral power than those in the sham group. Specifically, we found that under high-risk conditions, compared with the control group, the iTBS group showed significant activation of the theta spectrum power in the FPZ, FZ, FCZ, and CZ regions after treatment.

Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that long-term iTBS stimulation effectively improves the decision-making ability of schizophrenia. After receiving negative feedback, patients can turn to safety options. These findings support that iTBS may be a potential treatment for clinical decision-making disorders.