bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical extraction of sulfachloropyridazine from muscle samples v1
Authors: Pokrant Ekaterina , Medina Francisca , Maddaleno Aldo , San Martin Betty , Cornejo Javiera
Published: May 2018

Analytical methodology for the detection of sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) in samples of feathersvia LC-MS/MS was implemented based on techniques previously published by other authors: 1- Hindle R. A validated atmospheric pressure chemical ionization method for analysing sulphonamides in pork muscle. 2013. Available at http://www.youngin.com/application/0411-0045EN-E.pdf. Accessed October 12, 2017. 2- Renew JE, Huang CH. Simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim antibiotics in wastewater using tandem solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1042: 113-21. 3- Shao B, Dong D, Wu y, Hu J, Meng J, Tu X, Xu S. Simultaneous determination of 17 Sulfonamide residues in porcine meat, kidney and liver by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2005; 546:174-81. 4- Pang G, Cao YZ, Zhang JJ, Jia GQ, Fan CL, Li XM, Liu YM, Li ZY, Shi YQ. Determination of sulfonamides in honey by liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2005; 88:1304-11. 5- Stubbings G, Bigwood T. The development and validation of a multi-class liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC– MS/MS) procedure for the determination of veterinary drug residues in animal tissue using a QuEChERS (QUick, Easy, CHeap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) approach. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 637:68-78. 6- Bedendo GC, Jardim IC, Carasek E. A simple hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane extraction method for analysis of sulphonamides in honey samples with determination by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6449-54. 7- Yu H, Tao Y, Chen D, Wang Y, Huang L, Peng D, et al. Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography method and a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with the pressurized liquid extraction for the quantification and confirmation of sulphonamides in the foods of animal origin. J Chromatogr B 2011; 879:2653-62. The method is based mainly on a solid-liquid extraction with organic solvents. The analyte was concentrated using a water bath at 40-50°C under a mild nitrogen flow.For the instrumental analysis, a Symmetry C8 analytical column of 3.5μm and 2.1 x 100mm (Waters®) was fitted in an Agilent 1290 infinity series liquid-chromatograph equipment, coupled to an API 3200 (AB Sciex, Darmstadt, Germany) triple-quadrupole mass-spectrometer. The analytical data was then integrated using the Analyst® version 1.5 softwarepackage (SCIEX, Framingham, Massachusetts).
[RETRACTED] untitled protocol v1
Authors: not provided adsf
Published: May 2018

[RETRACTED]
[RETRACTED] untitled protocol v1
Authors: Carvalho Ines
Published: May 2018

[RETRACTED]

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Juvenil idiopatik inflamatuar miyopati: tek merkez verileri
Authors: BALCI Sibel , KIŞLA EKİNCİ Rabia Miray , ALTINTAŞ Derya Ufuk , YILMAZ Mustafa
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Juvenil idiyopatik inflamatuvar miyopatiler (JIIM) nadir görülen, kronik kas inflamasyonu ile seyreden, ciddi morbidite, mortalite ile sonuçlanan bir grup otoimmün hastalıktır.  Çalışmamızda Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Romatoloji Bilim Dalı tarafından JIIM tanısı ile izlenen hastaların klinik ve laboratuvar verilerinin, tedavi yanıtlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Eylül 2003 ile Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında JIIM tanısı ile izlemde olan 15 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Demografik veriler, tanı ve takip laboratuvar verileri, EMG ve kas biyopsi sonuçları, uygulanan tedaviler, tedavi yanıtları ve hastalık komplikasyonları geriye dönük arşiv dosyalarından elde edildi. Bulgular: JIIM hastalarının kız erkek oranı 2.75:1 idi. Hastaların 13 tanesi (%80) Juvenil Dermatomiyozit (JDM), 2 tanesi (%13.3) Juvenil Polimiyozit (JPM) ve bir tanesi (%6.7) Overlap Miyozit (OM) tanısı ile izlemdeydi. Başlangıç bulguları heliotrop raş ve malar raş (%86.7), Gottron papülü (%73.3) ve proksimal kas güçsüzlüğü (%100) idi. Erken dönem kortikosteroid tedavisi tüm hastalara ve metotreksat tedavisi 13 hastaya (%86.7) başlandı. Ayrıca 3 hastaya (%20) siklosporin, bir hastaya (%6.7) siklofosfamid, bir hastaya (%6.7) mikofenolat mofetil ve 4 hastaya (%26.7) intravenöz immunglobulin (IVIg) kullanıldı. Sonuçta tüm hastalar remisyona ulaştı fakat hastalık komplikasyonu olarak 2 hastada kalsinozis, bir hastada lipodistrofi gelişti. Sonuç: JIIM’de erken tanı ve yoğun immünsupresif tedavi hastalık komplikasyonu gelişimini önlemede önemlidir. Bu nedenle uluslararası standart tedavi ve izlem programları hastalık süreci boyunca dikkate alınarak izlem yapılmalıdır.
Ovarian Hemangioma: a rare entity
Authors: Dahal Mona , Upadhyaya Paricha , Adhikari Purbesh , Karki Diksha , Regmi Niraj
Published: May 2018

Ovarian hemangiomas are uncommon benign vascular tumors of ovary. Most of them are asymptomatic and detected incidentally during surgery. Authors report a case of 41 years female, parity 2; with complain of lower abdominal pain for 6 months. Ultrasonography showed a cystic lesion at right adnexa with a heterogeneously echogenic component within and devoid of internal vascularity. Laparoscopic right adnexal cystectomy was done, which on histopathological examination demonstrated features of cavernous hemangioma replacing the ovarian parenchyma. As surgical excision is treatment of choice, correct diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary radical surgery and treatment.
Evaluation of postoperative pyrexia in general surgery patients in Medicity Institute of Medical Sciences, Ghanpur, Medchal, India
Authors: Rao J. Yadagiri , Singh Akshay
Published: May 2018

Background: Postoperative fever is one of the most common problems seen in the postoperative ward. Most cases of fever immediately following surgery are self-limiting. The appearance of postoperative fever is not limited to specific types of surgery. Fever can occur immediately after surgery and seen to be related directly to the operation or may occur sometime after the surgery as a result of an infection at the surgical site or infections that involve organs distant from the surgery. Therefore, during evaluating postoperative fever, it is important to recognize when a wait and see approach is appropriate, when further work-up is needed and when immediate action is indicated.Methods: The study on the evaluation of postoperative pyrexia is based on 110 patients admitted in Mediciti Institute of Medical Sciences during the period from Jan’2015 to Jun’2016 and who underwent surgery for various surgical causes. The study includes 45 females and 65 males and covers an age group between 10-70 years.Results: Between the period of Jan’2015 and Jun’2016, a total of 1022 major elective surgical procedures were performed at our hospital. Only 110 patients developed pyrexia in the post operative period. Of the total number of patients (110 cases) who developed pyrexia, 65 patients were males and the remaining 45 were females.Conclusions: Postoperative pyrexia is a common occurrence in the first 48 hours after surgery and the etiology can be difficult to establish in certain clinical situations. This poses great diagnostic dilemmas to the operating surgeon. Age and Sex of the patient do not significantly influence the occurrence of pyrexia in the postoperative period. The more the number of preoperative co-morbid problems, the more is the complication rate and the delay in recovery from pyrexia.
DESEMPENHO DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO PARA SILAGEM CULTIVADOS EM DIFERENTES LOCAIS COM TRÊS DENSIDADES POPULACIONAIS
Authors: NEUMANN MIKAEL , POCZYNEK MILAINE , LEÃO GUILHERME FERNANDO MATTOS , FIGUEIRA DANUBIA NOGUEIRA , SOUZA ANDRÉ MARTINS
Published: May 2018

RESUMO - O objetivo foi avaliar a produção de biomassa e a composição física e química da planta de três híbridosde milho simples (P2530H, P30R50H e P30B39H) associadas a três densidades de plantio (60, 70 e 80 mil plantas ha-1) e três locais de cultivo (Local A, B e C). De forma isolada, as maiores produções de biomassa seca e de grãos, respectivamente, foram observadas na densidade de 80 mil plantas ha-1 (30.067 e 14.020 kg ha-1) e no local C (30.157 e 13.895 kg ha-1). Com relação aos híbridos estudados, houve influência do local de cultivo em que o híbrido P2530H foi superior para produção de biomassa seca e de grãos nos locais A e C (28.600 e 31.485 kg ha-1) e o híbrido P30B39H no local B (30.356 e 14.760 kg ha-1). Quanto à avaliação bromatológica, o local B gerou os maiores teores de proteína bruta (7,00%), matéria mineral (2,74%), fibra em detergente neutro (65,33%) e fibra em detergente ácido (36,10%), enquanto obteve os menores teores de nutrientes digestíveis totais (62,57%), comparado aos locais A e C (65,85 e 65,47%, respectivamente). De maneira geral, a densidade de cultivo não alterou os valores nutricionais das silagens dos diferentes híbridos de milho e locais de cultivo. Palavras-chave: altitude de cultivo, produção de biomassa seca, fibra em detergente neutro, NDT. HYBRID PERFORMANCE FOR MAIZE SILAGE CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT PLACES WITH THREE POPULATION DENSITIESABSTRACT - The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of three maize hybrids (P2530H, P30R50H e P30B39H) with three population densities (60, 70, and 80 000 plants ha-1) in three grown locations (A, B e C). In isolation, the greater dry biomass and grain yield, respectively, were observed in the density of 80,000 plants ha-1 (30,067 and 14,020 kg ha-1) and place C (30,157 and 13,895 kg ha-1). Regarding the hybrid, there was a direct influence of the local cultivation, and hybrid P2530H had the higher dry biomass and grain production in the location A and C (28,600 and 31,485 kg ha-1), and the hybrid P30B39H on location B (30,356 and 14,760 kg ha-1). In the bromatological assessment, the location B obtained the highest CP (7.00%), MM (2.74%), NDF (65.33%) and ADF content (36.10%), while it had the lower levels of TDN (62.57%) compared to locations A and C (65.85 and 65.47%, respectively). In general, the plant density did not change the silage nutritional values in maize hybrids associated with different places. Keywords: sowing altitude, dry biomass, neutral detergent fiber, TDN.
Apresentação: Dossiê Perspectivas Indígenas e o Campo da Saúde
Authors: Guimarães Silvia , Macedo Valéria
Published: May 2018

Apresentação do dossiê
Effet De La Technologie, Du Cultivar Et De La Durée De Conservation Sur La Stabilité Et La Qualité Du Lait De Soja (Glycine maxima)
Authors: Houssou Paul A. F. , Agbobatinkpo Pélagie B. , Ahoyo Nestor R. Adjovi , Adegbola Patrice Y. , Hotegni Abel B. , Todohoue Clovis M. , Dansou Valère , Sikirou Rachidatou , Sant’anna Adonaï Gad da Matha , Sewade Patrice L.
Published: May 2018

Three technologies named D (wet dehulled soybeans seeds), B (boiled soybean seeds before dehulling) and T (roasted soybean seeds before dehulling) for stabilized soymilk production were tested with TGX (large grain size) and Jupiter (small grain size) cultivars. Production yields, sensory, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of produced milks were determined over a period of 3 months. . The bottled milk was sterilized at a temperature of 115°C under a pressure of 0.7 bar for one hour. The milks were stored at temperature storage place 27°C (for 3 months). The milk yield for technology D is 90.87 % for the jupiter and 92.01 % for the TGX. These yields are higher than the other technologies. Whatever the technology, the TGX cultivar gives a better yield 92.01 %. Sensory analysis revealed that the milk produced with technology D and jupiter cultivar is more appreciated by the 77 % panelist. This milk has a pH of 7.14 at the day of production and decreases to 6.83 after 3 months of storage. Protein, fat and Dry Soluble Matter (DSM) content decreased after storage by 4.30 to 4.13 %, 1.7 to 1.2 % and from 11.68 to 10.28 °Brix respectively. The viscosity was 1.24 cp at the beginning and 1.38 cp after storage. After 3 months of storage, the milk is stable and its microbiological quality complies with accepted standards in relation to spores, coliforms, yeasts and molds.
El debate de la tasa social de descuento de largo plazo: estado del arte
Authors: Correa Restrepo Francisco
Published: May 2018

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis del debate teórico que se ha generado alrededor de la determinación de la tasa social de descuento utilizada en la evaluación de proyectos con impactos ambientales de largo plazo. Así, describe la evolución del debate y se revisa teóricamente el concepto del descuento y su papel en los modelos de crecimiento económico y maximización del bienestar social. Igualmente, se analizan los diversas críticas planteadas al enfoque tradicional de determinación del descuento utilizado en el análisis costo-beneficio y se estudian tres de las principales propuestas alternativas para la determinación de la tasa de descuento largo plazo. A partir de la evidencia empírica, planteada por diversos estudios que favorecen el uso de tasas de descuento bajas, se concluye que la tasa social de descuento utilizada para evaluar proyectos con impacto en el largo plazo debe ser una tasa declinante en el tiempo y no una tasa de descuento constante.
Estimación del trabajo reproductivo en Colombia: una aproximación desde los precios sombra
Authors: Meza Carvajalino Carlos Arturo , León Rodríguez Nohra , Isaza Castro Jairo Guillermo , Acosta Aponte Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this article is to valuate the housework productivity in Colombia using a shadow price based methodology, within the New Economics of the Family framework developed by Becker (1981,1985) and following Heckman’s approach (1974,1979). By using the stochastic frontier technique it may be concluded that 11.9 hours per day maximize the reserve wage earned by a woman living in the province’s main town; whereas rural women’s maximum reserve wage corresponds to 12.3 hours per day, which implies a higher degree of competitiveness in urban areas. On the other hand, poorer living standards offered by big cities in terms of the upbringing of children, compared to the rural areas, make a good enough incentive structure that raises the urban opportunity cost of participating in the labour market, along with the reserve wage.
Descentralización fiscal y eficiencia en los servicios sociales a nivel territorial en Colombia
Authors: Cano Blandón Rodolfo León , Ramírez Hernández Luis Fernando
Published: May 2018

El proceso de descentralización en Colombia tiene más de veinte años. Éste se ha caracterizado por la transferencia de recursos desde el nivel central a las entidades territoriales para que cumplan con competencias en servicios básicos para el bienestar de la población. Las transferencias en Colombia han crecido desde el 1,6% como porcentaje del PIB en 1987 hasta el 5,8% como porcentaje del PIB en 2004. Dadas las dificultades económicas del país durante 1999, el sistema de transferencias se modificó y a partir del año 2001 dichos recursos no quedaron atados al crecimiento económico del país, como se había estipulado en la Constitución de 1991. Esta investigación pretende realizar un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo, para verificar la relación presentada entre el monto de recursos transferidos a las entidades territoriales colombianas y su aplicación a los servicios sociales de educación y salud y de provisión de saneamiento básico (acueducto y alcantarillado) para el año 2005, con el fin de medir su impacto en términos de cobertura y calidad para la población colombiana. Una forma de análisis para medir la eficiencia en la gestión pública territorial consiste en aplicar la técnica conocida como Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), la cual consiste en utilizar técnicas de programación lineal para observar, analizar y estudiar la gestión de una entidad territorial con ayuda de la teoría económica y siguiendo un enfoque temporal que considera tanto los insumos (inputs) utilizados, como los productos (outputs) obtenidos. Se encontró que si bien el proceso de descentralización fiscal otorga competencias y recursos a las entidades territoriales para proveer los servicios sociales básicos para la población, el desempeño global aún dista de mostrar los niveles de eficiencia necesarios, cuando se contrastan los insumos con los productos. Esto por problemas en la gestión, utilización de insumos u obtención de productos.
TLC y exportaciones: la apuesta por la estabilidad del comercio
Authors: Rendón Acevedo Jaime Alberto
Published: May 2018

En este artículo se trabajan las características de laestructura del comercio exterior en las últimas dosdécadas, presentando la relevancia de las exportaciones no tradicionales. Se comienza por mostrar el soporte teórico del comercio internacional. Luego se presenta cómo el TLC se convierte en la opciónpara volver permanente las preferencias unilaterales de los EEUU, donde son los sectores ya beneficiados por el ATPDEA los que van a mantener sus privilegios, ante el posible rezago de otros sectores sensibles como los intensivos en capital y la agricultura. Por último, se hace hincapié en la necesidad de un modelo de desarrollo industrial acorde con las condiciones estructurales de los territorios en el país.
Hacia una nueva etapa en la cooperación entre la Unión Europea y Centroamérica: la negociación de un acuerdo de asociación económica
Authors: Vázquez Vicente Guillermo
Published: May 2018

A lo largo de los próximos meses vamos a ser testigos de las sucesivas reuniones que mantendrán los representantes de la Unión Europea (UE) con sus homólogos centroamericanos y cuyo propósito será el de sentar las líneas centrales que comandarán un posible Acuerdo de Asociación económica entre ambas regiones. Este Acuerdo puede ser el punto culminante de unas relaciones que tienen su piedra angular en el Acuerdo de San José, iniciado en 1984, y que se consolidaron definitivamente el pasado mayo de 2006, en la cumbre UE-América Latina y Caribe. Según el gigante europeo, dicho Acuerdo comprenderá tres elementos: el diálogo político, la cooperación económica y el aspecto comercial, que incluirá la firma de un Tratado de Libre Comercio. Sin embargo, las asimetrías económicas y comerciales existentes entre ambas regiones pueden dar que pensar acerca de las posibilidades de desarrollo que un nuevo acuerdo comercial puede tener para el istmo. En ese sentido, la pretensión de este trabajo es la de intentar esclarecer cuales pueden ser las oportunidades de aprovechamiento que Centroamérica tiene al respecto, así como plantear los intereses que para la UE puede representar un Acuerdo de este tipo.
El desarrollo humano sostenible: ¿un concepto para las transformaciones?
Authors: Rendón Acevedo Jaime Alberto
Published: May 2018

Los desaciertos y la incomprensión sobre el desarrollo han llenado de adjetivos a un concepto que para que sea cierto debe ser humano, en armonía con el planeta y con las generaciones de futuro. Es decir, no es posible entender el desarrollo si este no es humano, si no se refiere al mejor estar de la humanidad en la sociedad. Y es imposible hablar de desarrollo sin que tenga una connotación con la responsabilidad presente del equilibrio ecológico del planeta. Sin embargo, el devenir del pensamiento y del concepto ha obligado a que en el intento o la comprensión de su integralidad, el Desarrollo Humano Sostenible (DHS) sea una reivindicación política justa ante la instrumentalización que ha hecho la ciencia económica, la teoría dominante, y sus repercusiones para la humanidad. Por esto se hace necesario poner de manifiesto que aun ante lo redundante de los adjetivos, existe la necesidad histórica de la utilización del concepto DHS. Este artículo tiene entonces por objetivo el dilucidar el concepto de DHS como el resultado de la comprensión integral del desarrollo. Para esto se trabajarán tres partes: En la primera, se contextualizan teóricamente las corrientes de pensamiento que se plantearon el desarrollo como ejercicio académico y político en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. En la segunda, se establecen los encadenamientos que condujeron a las imprecisiones conceptuales del desarrollo después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Por último, se realiza una síntesis para enfatizar la importancia del concepto en el momento histórico actual.
La eficiencia en la provisión de servicios públicos en salud y sus fallos de mercado
Authors: Meza Carvajalino Carlos Arturo
Published: May 2018

En el presente documento se contemplan los fundamentos teóricos, las diferentes controversias alrededor del servicio de salud y sus concepciones adoptadas desde las hipótesis relacionadas con la eficiencia del mercado en la provisión de un servicio considerado como público y sus consecuentes fallos de mercado. Entre los fallos más relevantes el autor considera que al delegarse al mercado el servicio público de salud en Colombia se originaron: fallos en la competencia, externalidades, bienes y servicios preferentes, asimetría y redistribución, entre otros.
Pobreza y desarrollo
Authors: Sanabria Landazábal Néstor Juan
Published: May 2018

En este escrito se argumenta que las nociones de pobreza, desarrollo, calidad de vida y, en general, todos los conceptos, variables e indicadores que se usan en las explicaciones y teorías sobre este terma, son diferentes miradas desde los intereses del observador, del mismo y único fenómeno social. De esta manera, existen múltiples trabajos sobre la pobreza y el desarrollo, Sin embargo, una aproximación desde la perspectiva de la complejidad, debe tener en cuenta que el desarrollo puede hacer referencia a la estructura social corno un todo y a las acciones mediante las cuales se modifica el entorno del sistema; una vez éste se ha podido ordenar a través de la ciencia, con el objetivo de explicar la realidad. De allí que la relación entre pobreza y desarrollo es estrecha. Estas son formas de ver el mismo fenómeno. Lo cual permite pensar la calidad de vida desde un sentido global.
Las negociaciones multilaterales de inversión extranjera
Authors: Ruiz Castro David Orlando
Published: May 2018

Direct foreign investment is one of the most important economic variables in the world. Aspects related to international investment agreements are reaching an outstanding place in economic international diplomacy. Nowadays, in the multilateral level there is not an agreement regarding investment and therefore this study is focused on this particular type of agreement. In order to reach this objective this study shows, first of all, how different attempts have been developed to get a multicultural a agreement regarding investment, and to refuse the general opinion that says that exponential growth of foreign investment flows in recent years has given impulse to launch a multilateral investment agreement. Secondly, this study discusses about regulations related to foreign investment under current WTO regulations, such as investment, measure agreements, and service agreement. Then, it analyzes what has happened inside the WTO from the creation of the investment team at the Singapore Conference to the failed Conference in Cancun. Finally, it analyzes the main arguments against the multilateral agreement and the effects of future possible multilateral negotiations in investment and it ends with some recommendations and conclusions.
Institucionalidad y desarrollo rural
Authors: Ruiz Camargo Laureano
Published: May 2018

Institutionality, understood as the group of norms and formal and informal rules Lhal regulate a certain community, can help impelling and increasing the rural development or on the other hand, stopping it; it can or cannol allow people's parlicipation; it can block rural communilies ' organization and expression; which can be seen in economic, social and cultural lack. These tapies have been explored in this paper having a direct con tact with the rural communities of the small Lown Paipa (Boyacá) and they have been complemenled wilh the theoretical revision at bibliographicallevel on the tapies of the ins li tu tionali t y and th e sus tainable rural developmenl. Given the importance of the rural families se ttled in these terrilories of small properties and peasant economy, the reproduction of their own subsistence, the conlribulion lo the production of food for the urban populalion and supply of necessary manpower in rendering services and in the national industry, it was found that the economic and social lacks on the parl of the population are observed in high poverly r ates, due to little consumption and accumulation capacity, because the prívate properly based on lhe small properly us ed in agricultura! ac livilies does nol generate enough income to finance feeding, education, health , housing, recreation and much less saving. On the other hand . the produc tion of rural goods and services is sold or exchanged in the markel al very low prices even below the produclion costs, and so the wealth is transferred from the countryside to the city, reproducing lhe circle of Lhe rural poverly where existent institulionalily does not allow the rural inhabitants' participa tion in the decisionmaking, among other things , because they lack of organization and leader ship and bec ause institutionality is tr a dition ally designed and implemented withoul consulting their opinion .
La agroecología como base de la formación profesional del administrador de empresas agropecuarias
Authors: Sáenz Torres Santiago Manuel
Published: May 2018

The agrarian sector of Colombia is facing the decisionbetween the opening of markets and the preservationof nearly depleted natural resources. It is essentialthat alternatives for sustainable management ofagricultural resources that are generated arecharacterized by quality and competitiveness. It isnecessary that the institutions researching agroecologyfind out how to face the challenge ofglobalization in which we are already immersed. Thefaculty of Agricultural Management at La SalleUniversity is aware of the new global reality and isbuilding up an educational enterprise based onmodern agro- ecological concepts so they can bedisseminated to the Agricultural leaders and to leastfavored rural sectors.
Orientación de prácticas empresariales estudiantiles con base en técnicas administrativas
Authors: Murcia Cabra Héctor Horacio
Published: May 2018

As part of the second phase of the research project «Application of a creativity model to update the teaching of the administration in Colombian agricultural entrepreneurial systems» it was decided to re-enforce student planning and execution of the students of the Agricultural business Administration Faculty of La Salle University. Those finishing their studies were given special attention. The plan of action was initiated in the second semester of 2003. It was initially defined as a model of entrepreneurial strengthening based on a coherent methodology that included the most recent administration and management techniques. Later, the applicability of this model was tested in some organizations of the agricultural sector that had asked for support in their planning processes. Through an investigation-action process the methodology was redefined in order to arrive at a final model that could be used by faculty students and graduates. The results obtained were applied to the teaching of Entrepreneurial Laboratory of ninth semester students with the hope of improving administrative support to agricultural enterprises. Following this procedure more than 100 students and 200 agricultural producers have applied this procedure between June 2003 and July 2005. The methodology used and the results obtained are presented in this article.
Una perspectiva internacional de la contabilidad
Authors: Suarez Suarez Martha Lucia
Published: May 2018

En la medida en que la internacionalización empresarial ha ido intensificándose y va surgiendo un nuevo usuario de la información internacional, la problemática ha ido pasando tanto al ámbito académico como al profesional. Consciente de esta realidad, la Facultad de Contaduría Pública de la Universidad de La Salle ha ido reformando el plan de estudios, e incorporando a los profesores a una visión internacional de la profesión, para atender la demanda formativa en este campo de la Contaduría Pública, para cualificar a los profesionales de la empresa en el escenario que la nueva dimensión internacional de la información contable está creando y necesitando. Uno de los principales objetivos de la contabilidad es proporcionar información útil para la toma de decisiones por parte de los usuarios. Esto adquiere mayor relevancia en la utilización de la información contable, la cual no se ciñe al ámbito nacional, sino que va más allá de las fronteras; la evolución del entorno que rodea a la empresa ha propiciado en los últimos años un proceso de internacionalización de la actividad económica, como consecuencia de la información contable.
Ética y perfiles administrativos de empresas diferenciadas frente al perfil deseable para el administrador de empresas de la Universidad de La Salle
Authors: Buitrago Reyes Richard Orlando , González Franco José Ricardo
Published: May 2018

El objetivo es ilustrar cómo la investigación que se realizó, encontró componentes de éticaempresarial y perfil gerencial en cuatro empresas bogotanas de acuerdo con perfiles deseablesde desarrollo universitario. Asimismo, desde el punto de vista empresarial, corroborar sicuatro empresas bogotanas exigen a sus profesionales en Administración de Empresas perfilesde desempeño y valores de desarrollo para desenvolverse en un ambiente de negocios. Esindiscutible que los cambios tecnológicos, de sistemas económicos, sociales y políticos llevaránal profesional en Administración de Empresas a prepararse de acuerdo con las exigencias delmundo moderno y a la Universidad a adecuar todos sus sistemas para crear un perfil delestudiante y del profesional coherente con las exigencias de liderazgo y capacidad de toma dedecisiones en extrema competitividad .
On Games and Cost of Change
Authors: Flåm Sjur Didrik
Published: May 2018

Many mathematical models of strategic play or better choice overlook adjustment costs. Rather often, the modeler's concern is just with improvement of objectives. This optic doesn't quite fit agents somewhat attached to status quo. They reason whether moving to another state be worth their while. For that, the realized gains must outweigh the inconveniences of the move. This note offers some observations on the fact that change usually entails cost.
Novel nano-materials and nano-fabrication techniques for flexible electronic systems
Authors: Kang Kyowon , Cho Young Uk , Yu Ki Jun
Published: May 2018

Recent progress in the fabricating flexible electronics has been developed significantly due to the increased interest of the flexible electronics which can be applied to enormous fields not only to conventional electronic devices but to bio/eco electronic devices. Flexible electronics can be applied to wide range of fields such as flexible display, flexible power storage, flexible solar cells, wearable electronics and healthcare monitoring devices. Recently, flexible electronics are being attached on the skin and even implanted into human body to monitor the bio-signals and for treatment purpose. To improve the electrical characteristic and the mechanical properties of flexible electronics, nanoscale fabrications using novel nano-materials are required. Advanced in nanoscale fabrication methods allow construction of the active materials that can combine with the ultra-thin soft substrate to form flexible electronics with high performances and reliability. In this review, wide range of nanoscale fabrication methods for flexible electronics classified in either top-down or bottom-up approaches such as conventional photolithography, soft lithography, nanoimprint lithography, growth, assembly and chemical vapor deposition(CVD) will be reported with specific fabrication processes and results. Here, our aim is to introduce various fabrication methods that can be used to fabricate the flexible electronics.
Relative Efficacy of Organic Substrates on Maize Root Proliferation under Water Stress
Authors: Shahzad Haroon , Iqbal Muhammad , Bashir Safdar , Farooq Muhammad
Published: May 2018

The aggravating threat for today’s agriculture is provision of food security to ever-escalating eating mouths utilizing scarce resources. Water scarcity is restraining humans to produce more from drops of water in place of gallons. Root is present at soil-plant interface and is main water extractor for plant. Its growth pattern varies as soil moisture conditions fluctuates. Present pot study consisting of two factors i.e. organic substrates (Farm manure, Poultry Manure and Molasses) and different water stress levels (50, 75, 100 and 125% of AWCs) using maize as test crop to assess their impact on different growth parameters (especially root growth). The experiment was conducted using CRD under factorial arrangement. Root length (44.55 cm), root fresh & dry biomass (71.10 g and 24.30 g), root diameter (1.73 mm), root volume (0.24 cm3) and root length density (7.4 × 10−3 cm cm−3) were observed in farm manure treated pots at 75% AWC that was statistically indistinguishable from all other treatments at same water level and 100% water availability but eloquently greater than plants of all treatments at 50% and 125% available water contents. Shoot length, dry and fresh weights were observed greater in plants having 100% available moistures, that were at par with 75% water treated plants. Comparing treatments for all of the parameters in multivariate cluster analysis it was concluded that 75% available water contents produce almost similar to 100% along with the benefit of water security.
TEKNIK, METODE, DAN IDEOLOGI PENERJEMAHAN DALAM TERJEMAHAN BUKU RISALAH ILA SYABABIL-UMMAH
Authors: Abdul Malik Nur Eko Ikhsanto,
Published: May 2018

This research analyzes technique, method and ideology of translation in translating the book of Risālah ilā Syabābil-Ummah. It is aimed to (1) describe the technique of translation applied in translating words, phrases, clauses,and sentences contained in the book, (2) identify the method and ideology that tends to
be used by translator to translate the book. The method usedin this research isqualitative descriptive. The data sources are the book of  Risālah ilā Syabābil-Ummah and its translation in Bahasa Indonesia entitled Menjadi Pemuda Peka Zaman (MPPZ).

Data collected through reading books RSU and MPPZ as a whole to obtain an overview and classify existing translation techniques. Data analysis was carried out in stages; First, classifying the translation techniques of words, phrases, clauses, and sentencesfrom the text of RSU into MPPZ.Second, looking at the application of translation techniques to define translation methods used.Third, analyzing translation methods to interpret translation ideologies tend to be used by the translator. The results showed thatthere are 17 kinds of translation techniques used by the translatorfrom totally 356 ones happened in 150 data. They are; addition (76), inversion (49), deletion (42), borrowing pure (33), modulation (28), compensation (22), naturalborrowing (21), transposition (18), calque (18), adaptation (15), amplification (13), literaltranslation (11), discursive creation (6), established equivalence (1), particularization (1), generalization (1), description (1). The most frequently tehcnique appliedis the addition one.

This was done to ensure the easiness for readers to understand the message. Based on the dominant technique appeared, the book is likely to use the communicative method and domestication ideology, shown by 76.7% of techniques are tend to target language (Bahasa Indonesia) while 23.7% are tend to source language (Arabic).
Complications and Outcomes After Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Somerson Jeremy S. , Petersen John P. , Neradilek Moni B. , Cizik Amy M. , Gee Albert O.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Evidence is limited regarding the complications and outcomes after medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction. The published data regarding this procedure are composed predominantly of small Level-III and IV retrospective studies for which meta-analysis is not generally useful. Meta-regression is an alternative technique to identify variables across multiple publications that have an effect on published outcomes and complication rates.

Methods:

We performed a systematic search of published literature for outcomes after UCL reconstruction. A random effects meta-regression model was constructed to identify the association of study characteristics with outcome proportions. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the impact of influential studies on the results.

Results:

Fourteen studies (median sample size, 26 patients; range, 10 to 743 patients) were included in the systematic review and meta-regression. These studies included a total of 1,177 patients with a reported Conway outcome rating (a measure of a patient’s return to play). The majority of patients (mean, 83.2%) achieved an excellent Conway rating. Studies involving the docking technique were more likely to have a higher percentage of patients with an excellent outcome (14% risk difference compared with the figure-of-8 technique, p = 0.002) and lower reported rates of ulnar neurapraxia (Spearman correlation = −0.83). A lower reported rate of ulnar neurapraxia was strongly associated with the likelihood of an excellent (p = 0.01) or good or excellent (p = 0.001) Conway outcome rating.

Conclusions:

Despite substantial heterogeneity among study outcomes, studies that involved a docking technique and that had lower reported rates of ulnar neurapraxia were associated with greater percentages of excellent or good-to-excellent reported Conway outcome ratings.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Sacral Fractures with Spondylopelvic Dissociation
Authors: DeRogatis Michael J. , Breceda Adam P. , Lee Patrick , Issack Paul S.
Published: May 2018

* U-type or H-type sacral fractures are a result of very high energy injuries that separate the lumbar spine and upper sacrum from the lower sacrum and pelvis. Advances in acute trauma care have resulted in an increase in the number of patients who survive this injury.

* The choice of approach is dictated by several factors, including dorsal soft-tissue trauma, the need for neurological decompression, and the adequacy of sacral sagittal balance.

* Complication rates following surgical treatment are high and primarily are related to the soft tissues.

* This fracture pattern has a high association with polytrauma, major neurological injury (including cauda equina syndrome), and soft-tissue degloving injuries.

* While nonoperative management may be appropriate for patients who are expected to be bedbound or non-weight-bearing for at least 3 months, the majority of these injuries are treated surgically with iliosacral screws and spinal constructs that anchor the pelvis to the lower lumbar spine.

* Careful attention to damage-control principles, efficient surgical stabilization of the spondylopelvic injury and associated fractures, and early mobilization can lead to good functional outcomes following this potentially devastating injury.
Use of Suture Button in the Treatment of Syndesmosis Injuries
Authors: Andersen Mette Renate , Figved Wender
Published: May 2018

A suture button device provides fixation of syndesmosis injuries of the ankle with or without concomitant malleolar fracture. The suture button device consists of a fiber thread attached between 2 small metal buttons. The buttons are placed on the cortical bone on the medial and lateral sides of the ankle, and the fiber thread is tightened to stabilize the syndesmosis. The suture button device offers stable yet dynamic fixation of the injured syndesmosis. The major steps of the procedure are (1) lateral skin incision straight to the bone; (2) open reduction and plate fixation of the fibular fracture if one is present; (3) reduction of the syndesmosis and temporary stabilization with a pin or clamp; (4) use of an appropriate burr to make a hole through 4 cortices at the level of the inferior tibiofibular joint, approximately 1.5 cm proximal to the ankle joint line and at a 20° to 30° lateral-to-anteromedial angle; (5) pulling the needle attached to the suture button device through the drill-hole from lateral to medial and flipping the small plate on the cortical bone of the medial cortex of the medial malleolus; (6) tightening the device by pulling the 2 threads on the lateral side with care taken to remove all of the slack from the system; and (7) checking placement and fixation with fluoroscopy, cutting the threads, and skin closure. Use of a walker boot or cast is decided on the basis of the fracture fixation. Partial weight-bearing is allowed for the first 6 weeks, after which full weight-bearing is permitted as pain allows. Routine removal of the suture button device is not required.
Olecranon Osteotomy-Facilitated Elbow Release (OFER)
Authors: Edwards Scott G. , Darbandi Farhad
Published: May 2018

Background:

The olecranon osteotomy-facilitated elbow release (OFER) is a safe and effective method for releasing severe posttraumatic elbow contractures. The OFER procedure is easier, faster, and relatively less invasive, and appears to offer superior outcomes, compared with more traditional techniques.

Description:

An olecranon osteotomy provides a trapdoor through which the surgeon will have circumferential access to the joint and will be able to address all intrinsic and extrinsic causes of contracture. Access from the posterior to the anterior compartment is achieved by detaching the origin of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and hinging the joint from medially to laterally, pivoting around the intact lateral collateral ligament. Once the olecranon and MCL are repaired, the elbow is stable enough for the patient to participate in intensive rehabilitation protocols.

Alternatives:

The first line of treatment for elbow contracture is physical therapy, focusing on range of motion and using modalities such as static-progressive and dynamic splinting protocols. In some select cases, there is also a role for manipulation under anesthesia. When nonoperative methods fail, elbow contractures may be treated surgically, using either open or arthroscopic techniques. Authors have described open release involving medial, lateral, and anterior approaches. The first outcome report of a posterior approach to treat elbow contractures has recently been published
1
.

Rationale:

An open approach usually utilizes 1 or possibly 2 large incisions and involves invasive dissection through muscle and nerve mobilization. This may result in a postoperative hematoma and usually substantial pain, posing a challenge for rehabilitation. Arthroscopic techniques are less invasive, with potentially fewer complications, but are far more technically challenging. Also, most extrinsic and some intrinsic causes cannot be adequately addressed through the arthroscope. The outcomes of OFER have been found to be superior to those reported after either arthroscopic or more conventional open procedures. In addition, we believe that the OFER procedure is substantially faster and technically easier than either other open or arthroscopic releases, although we are not aware of any studies addressing this topic.
Demographic and Disease Patterns at a Primary Healthcare Setting
Authors: Khan Taimoor Akram , Farooq Anam , Farooq Amna , Nasir Muhammad , Khan Gohar , Khan Ali Akram
Published: May 2018

The assessment of disease pattern and burden in a defined population based on the symptomatology as well as the organic presentation is quite fruitful.Objectives: This study was designed to determine demographic characteristics and disease patterns related to different organ systems presenting at first tier of primary healthcare system. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Basic Health Unit’s (BHU) Outdoor Patient Department (OPD) database retrospectively in order to determine the age, gender and organ system wise distribution of various diseases. Secondary data was collected from standard OPD register in which all patients that presented in the outpatient department of the facility during a period of 6 months from 1st January, 2017 to 30th June, 2017 were included and no patient was excluded. Results: Out of total 2357 patients, 1024 (43.4%) were males and 1333 (56.6%) were females. Most of the patients 1057 (44.8%) belonged to the age group of 15-49 years whereas only 96 (4.1%) were less than one year old. About 2204 patients (93.5%) presented for the first time to the BHU and 153 patients (6.5%) were follow-up patients. Majority of patients 735 (31.2%) presented with symptoms of respiratory system. Certainsystems were more involved in females than males like musculoskeletal system (257 v/s 113), respiratory system (377 v/s 358) and especially the genitourinary system (50 v/s 5). Conclusions: Addressing and treating the diseases presenting at this basic level (BHU) can prove to be very useful in reducing patient load at the level of tertiary care and teaching hospitals.
Comparison of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Insulin Resistance in Obeseversus Non-obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ijaz Farhat , Aftab Rana Khurram , Jawed Samia
Published: May 2018

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance (IR) are linked to each other. Obesity and T2DM are states of low-grade chronic inflammation, which result in increased levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins 6 (1L-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Relation of TNF-α with obesity induced IR and T2DM is unclear as results obtained from different studies are very controversial. Objective: This study was designed to compare TNF-α levels and insulin resistance in obese and non-obese type 2 diabetics. Methodology: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted in diabetic clinic of Mayo Hospital, Lahore. We determined and compared TNF-α levels and insulin resistance in 90 subjects where there were 50 obese patients with T2DM and 40 were non-obese Type 2 diabetic patients. TNF-α and serum insulin levels were determined using ELISA. Insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR. Comparison between groups was performed using independent sample t-test. The P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean HOMA-IR and TNF-α values were significantly (p-value <0.01) higher in obese diabetics (17.13+8.77) and (10.96+4.69), respectively when compared to non-obese Type 2 diabetic patients (3.40+5.05) and (3.49+2.36) respectively. Mean HOMA-IR in males was 6.52+7.03 and in females was 12.85+10.54 (p-value 0.006). Conclusion: Increased inflammation in obese diabetics explains the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in insulin resistance induced by obesity. Weight reduction in obese individuals will help in reducing TNF-α levels and to improve insulin sensitivity in T2DM.