bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Remaja Tentang Kesiapsiagaan Bencana Gempa Bumi
Authors: Elita Mutiara Putri Tinta , Budhiana Johan , Janatri Sri
Published: January 2024

Indonesia merupakan negara yang rawan bencana, termasuk gempa bumi. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapsiagaan bencana yaitu pengetahuan dan sikap. Pengetahuan dan sikap remaja sangat penting untuk kesiapsiagaan dalam mengatasi bencana. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan sikap remaja tentang kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi. Pengetahuan merupakan hasil penginderaan, yang terjadi begitu orang menyadari objek tertentu. Sedangkan sikap adalah reaksi yang di keluarkan seseorang terhadap stimulus atau objek. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi ini adalah seluruh remaja di MTs Al-Mu’awwanah Kota Sukabumi dengan sampel 161 responden melalui total sampling. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner tertutup. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier sederhana. Surat etik penlitian diberikan oleh komisi etik Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Sukabumi dengan nomor: 000029/KEP STIKES SUKABUMI/2023. Hasil analisis menunjukan sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan kategori cukup (54,1%) dan sikap kategori positif (89,2%) dengan p-value 0,000 yang berarti bahwa <0,05 terdapat hubungan pengetahuan dengan sikap. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan pengetahuan dengan sikap tentang kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi di MTs Al-Mu’awwanah Kota Sukabumi. Disarankan kepada kepala sekolah MTs Al-Mu’awwanah untuk melakukan penyuluhan dan pelatihan tentang kesiapsiagaan bencana agar remaja dapat mempersiapkan dirinya untuk menghadapi bencana dikemudian hari
Pengaruh Senam Kaki Diabetes Terhadap Kestabilan Gula Darah Pada Lansia Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II Di Desa Lengkong Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lengkong Kabupaten Sukabumi
Authors: Rahmawati Tanti , Dewi Rosliana , Liawati Nunung
Published: January 2024

Ketidakstabulan kadar gula dalam darah terajdi pada pasien DM karena disfungsi pancreas, resistensi insulin, disfungsi hati. Senam kaki menjadi bagian dari pilar penatalaksanaan DM. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam kaki diabetes terhadap kestabilan gula darah. Jenis penelitian adalah experiment research dengan pendekatan pretest dan postttest group design. Populasi adalah seluruh lansia dengan DM Tipe II di Desa Lengkong sebanyak 213 responden dengan sampel sebanyak 34 yang terbagi kedalam kelompok kontrol dan intervensi masing-masing 17 responden. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon signed rank test dan Mann Whitney. Surat etik penlitian dengan nomor: 000030/KEP STIKES SUKABUMI/2023. Hasil analisis pretest kadar gula darah pada kelompok kontrol didapatkan rata-rata 256 mg/dl, dan nilai posttest sebesar 270 mg/dl. Pada pretest kadar gula darah kelompok intervensi sebesar 269 mg/dl, dan nilai posttest sebesar 233 mg/dl. Hasil p-value pada kelompok kontrol sebesar 0,687, dan pada kelompok intervensi sebesar 0,000. Adapun untuk perbedaan rata-rata pada kelompok kontrol dan intervensi didapatkan p-value 0,034. Kesimpulan adalah tidak terdapat pengaruh senam kaki terhadap kestabilan gula darah pada kelompok kontrol namun terdapat pengaruh pada kelompok intervensi serta terdapat perbedan rata-rata pada kelompok kontrol dan intervensi. Diharapkan Puskesmas Lengkong memberikan edukasi tentang pentingnya melakukan senam kaki pada lansia pendeirta DM Tipe II.
Budaya Donasi Online di Youtube Melalui Fitur Superchat
Authors: Nafi' Muh. Rasyid
Published: January 2024

Donasi online telah menjadi semakin populer dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, terutama dengan adanya kemajuan teknologi dan akses mudah ke internet. Budaya siber mengacu pada praktik-praktik dan norma-norma yang berkembang dalam ruang digital. Donasi online sebagai budaya siber memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap masyarakat dan cara mereka berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan amal. Dalam penelitian ini akan membahas mengapa dan bagaimana penonton melakukan donasi terhadap streamer di Youtube melalui fitur superchat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif analisis deskriptif, yang melakukan observasi dan wawancara dengan narasumber. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan bahwa budaya donasi online melalui fitur superchat sudah menjadi fenomena yang berkembang di Masyarakat.
IMPLEMENTASI KOMUNIKASI DI RUMAH TAHFIDZ YATIM DHUAFA ARSYADA
Authors: Hanief Imam , Luthfie Muhammad , Kusumadinata Ali Alamsyah
Published: January 2024

Rumah Tahfidz Yatim Dhuafa Arsyada mengajarkan santri tentang new normal dan cara menerapkannya di masa covid. Mereka juga membantu menyesuaikan kebiasaan baru dengan protokol kesehatan. Jika kita memperhatikan tiga hal: kejelasan, konten, dan contex, kita bisa berkomunikasi dengan baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dalam penyampaian informasi baru di Rumah Tahfidz Yatim Dhuafa Arsyada, informasi yang diberikan oleh para ustadz cukup jelas sehingga aspek kejelasan terpenuhi. Materi ilmu dan informasi yang diberikan oleh karyawan dan pengajar Rumah Tahfidz Yatim Dhuafa Arsyada sangat jelas, berdasar, dan dapat dipahami. Selanjutnya, konteks telah terpenuhi, dan para ustadz telah cukup memahami kondisi demografis, sosiokultural, dan psikologis Hasil penelitian kemudian dapat disimpulkan bahwa para pendidik di Rumah Tahfidz Yatim Dhuafa Arsyada telah berhasil berkomunikasi dengan efektif dengan memperhatikan aspek-aspek seperti kejelasan, isi, dan konteks
ANALISIS KOMUNIKASI VIRTUAL YOUTUBER DALAM KACAMATA BAUDRILLARDIAN
Authors: Kusuma Putra Aryaguna
Published: January 2024

Teknologi dan masyarakat seperti dua hal yang saling terikat dan tidak dapat terlepas. Tentunya perkembangan teknologi ini memunculkan medium-medium baru dalam berkomunikasi yang dapat disebut sebagai new media. Pengaruh budaya dari munculnya new media ini adalah konten yang disebut sebagai livestreaming, penelitian ini membahas mengenai konten livestreaming yang dilakukan oleh virtual youtuber (VTuber), sebuah entitas digital yang menggunakan teori computer-mediated communication (CMC) dalam interaksinya. Adapun peneliti akan membahas mengenai persepsi penonton VTuber dalam memahami avatar digital ini menggunakan teori-teori yang dikembangkan oleh Jean Baudrillard, simulacra dan hyperreality. Peneliti mencoba menganalisis fenomena VTuber ini sebagai sebuah bentuk komunikasi post-truth yang diterka akan menjadi bentuk komunikasi massa yang mendominasi kehidupan manusia yang akan datang, serta memberi potret apakah komunikasi ini bisa dikategorikan sebagai sebuah komunikasi yang absah atau tidak.
PENGARUH ETNOSENTRISME KONSUMEN DAN PERSEPSI PRODUK TERHADAP INTENSI PEMBELIAN PRODUK DOMESTIK PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN
Authors: Solihin Raihan Sabili Izzati , Fuady Ikhsan
Published: January 2024

Industri pasar produk domestik menjadi hal yang sangat penting untuk diketahui oleh produsen karena banyak faktor yang memengaruhi intensi konsumen dalam memilih dan akhirnya membeli suatu produk domestik. Karakteristik dan persepsi khalayak menjadi faktor penentu yang memengaruhi intensi pembelian oleh konsumen. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi hal tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori etnosentrisme konsumen, persepsi harga, persepsi kualitas, dan persepsi citra merek. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh etnosentrisme konsumen, persepsi harga, persepsi kualitas, dan persepsi citra merek terhadap intensi pembelian produk domestik pada Mahasiswa Universitas Padjadjaran. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode survei yaitu penyebaran kuesioner dengan teknik convenience sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Universitas Padjadjaran angkatan 2018, 2019, dan 2020 dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 129 orang. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji statistik deskriptif dan linier multiple regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh etnosentrisme konsumen, persepsi harga, persepsi kualitas, dan persepsi citra merek terhadap intensi pembelian produk domestik pada mahasiswa Universitas Padjadjaran.
Genome-scale annotation of protein binding sites via language model and geometric deep learning
Authors: Yuan Qianmu , Tian Chong , Yang Yuedong
Published: January 2024

Revealing protein binding sites with other molecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, or small ligands, sheds light on disease mechanism elucidation and novel drug design. With the explosive growth of proteins in sequence databases, how to accurately and efficiently identify these binding sites from sequences becomes essential. However, current methods mostly rely on expensive multiple sequence alignments or experimental protein structures, limiting their genome-scale applications. Besides, these methods haven’t fully explored the geometry of the protein structures. Here, we propose GPSite, a multi-task network for simultaneously predicting binding residues of DNA, RNA, peptide, protein, ATP, HEM, and metal ions on proteins. GPSite was trained on informative sequence embeddings and predicted structures from protein language models, while comprehensively extracting residual and relational geometric contexts in an end-to-end manner. Experiments demonstrate that GPSite substantially surpasses state-of-the-art sequence-based and structure-based approaches on various benchmark datasets, even when the structures are not well-predicted. The low computational cost of GPSite enables rapid genome-scale binding residue annotations for over 568,000 sequences, providing opportunities to unveil unexplored associations of binding sites with molecular functions, biological processes, and genetic variants. The GPSite webserver and annotation database can be freely accessed at https://bio-web1.nscc-gz.cn/app/GPSite.
Location, location, location: Protein kinase nanoclustering for optimised signalling output
Authors: Gormal Rachel S , Martinez-Marmol Ramon , Brooks Andrew J , Meunier Frédéric A
Published: January 2024

Protein kinases (PKs) are proteins at the core of cellular signalling and are thereby responsible for most cellular physiological processes and their regulations. As for all intracellular proteins, PKs are subjected to Brownian thermal energy that tends to homogenise their distribution throughout the volume of the cell. To access their substrates and perform their critical functions, PK localisation is therefore tightly regulated in space and time, relying upon a range of clustering mechanisms. These include post-translational modifications, protein–protein and protein–lipid interactions, as well as liquid–liquid phase separation, allowing spatial restriction and ultimately regulating access to their substrates. In this review, we will focus on key mechanisms mediating PK nanoclustering in physiological and pathophysiological processes. We propose that PK nanoclusters act as a cellular quantal unit of signalling output capable of integration and regulation in space and time. We will specifically outline the various super-resolution microscopy approaches currently used to elucidate the composition and mechanisms driving PK nanoscale clustering and explore the pathological consequences of altered kinase clustering in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, inflammation, and cancer.
Space-time mapping relationships in sensorimotor communication during asymmetric joint action
Authors: Zhang Ke , Tong Xin , Yang Shaofeng , Hu Ying , Zhang Qihan , Bai Xuejun
Published: January 2024

Background

Sensorimotor communication is frequently observed in complex joint actions and social interactions. However, it remains challenging to explore the cognitive foundations behind sensorimotor communication.

Methods

The present study extends previous research by introducing a single-person baseline condition and formulates two distinct categories of asymmetric joint action tasks: distance tasks and orientation tasks. This research investigates the action performance of 65 participants under various experimental conditions utilizing a 2 (cooperative intention: Coop, No-coop) × 2 (task characteristic: distance, orientation) × 4 (target: T1, T2, T3, T4) repeated-measures experimental design to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying sensorimotor communication between individuals.

Results

The results showed that (1) target key dwell time, motion time, total motion time, and maximum motion height in the Coop condition are more than in the No-coop condition. (2) In the distance task without cooperative intention, the dwell time of T4 is smaller than T1, T2, T3, and its variability of T1, T2, T3, and T4 were no different. In the distance task with cooperative intention, the dwell time and its variability of T1, T2, T3, and T4 displayed an increasing trend. (3) In the orientation task without cooperative intention, the dwell time of T1 is smaller than T2, T3, T4, and variability of the target keys T1, T2, T3, and T4 had no difference. In the orientation task with cooperative intention, the dwell time and variability of the target keys T1, T2, T3, and T4 had increasing trends.

Conclusions

Those findings underscore the importance of cooperative intention for sensorimotor communication. In the distance task with cooperative intention, message senders establish a mapping relationship characterized by “near-small, far-large” between the task distance and the individual’s action characteristics through sensorimotor experience. In the orientation task with cooperative intention, message senders combined sensorimotor experience and verbal metaphors to establish a mapping relationship between task orientation and action characteristics, following the sequence of “left-up, right-up, left-down, right-down” to transmit the message to others.
Analysis of the thermal expansion coefficient of glass- and carbon-fibre-reinforced composites
Authors: Fejkiel Romuald , Skwara Krystian
Published: January 2024

With the development of manufacturing processes, an increase in the importance of metal-fibre composites in materials engineering is observed. These are materials consisting of appropriately arranged layers of metal and various types of fibres. The very wide use of composite materials in the construction of machine and equipment components means they are often exposed to work in variable temperature conditions. The aim of this article was analysis of the thermal expansion of typical composites: carbon fibre-reinforced polymer, glass fibre-reinforced polymer, glass-reinforced aluminium laminate and carbon-fibre reinforced aluminium laminate. EN AW-6060 aluminium alloy was used as the reference material. The aim of the dilatometric tests was to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion and the dimensional stability of composite materials at elevated temperatures up to 100 °C. The EN AW-6060 aluminium alloy was characterized by the highest linear expansion coefficient (20.27×10−6 1/K). Composites containing glass fibres were characterized by the lowest positive linear thermal expansion coefficient. Among the composite materials tested, CARALLs exhibit the lowest thermal expansion coefficient.
Фитопланктон арктических морей, "Природа"
Authors: Полякова Е.И. , Клювиткина Т.С.
Published: January 2024

Данные о составе фитопланктона и его пространственном распределении в высокоширотных арктических морях в настоящее время остаются весьма ограниченными. Вместе с тем в условиях нарастающего потепления климата и активного таяния полярных льдов важно понимать закономерности сезонной и межгодовой динамики арктических биоценозов. В статье представлены новые данные о видовом составе фитопланктона на обширной площади морей Лаптевых и Восточно-Сибирского. Мы установили, что во время пробоотбора (сентябрь) внешний шельф характеризовался типичными для арктических морей поздневесенними видами диатомовых водорослей. Сообщество фитопланктона на внутреннем шельфе, подверженном мощному влиянию речного стока, находилось в переходной фазе от летней к осенней стадии развития. В целом установлено, что региональные различия в видовом составе сообществ фитопланктона на шельфе морей Лаптевых и Восточно-Сибирского объясняются различиями в гидрографии, гидрохимических условиях и режиме сезонных морских льдов.
Вулканы и вулканические ландшафты Монголии: геологические особенности, направления исследований, геотуризм, "Природа"
Authors: Абдульмянов С.Н. , Хадбаатар С. , Чесалова Е.И.
Published: January 2024

В статье приводятся результаты исследования вулканических структур Монголии: работ с данными по топонимике и дешифрированию снимков, визуальной оценки объектов, изучения морфометрических показателей, картографических работ, подготовки тематических иллюстраций. Были выбраны наиболее репрезентативные участки с вулканическими формами рельефа и вулканическими постройками разных типов и разной степени сохранности. Приводится список 25 объектов из перечня, включающего более 160 вулканических построек, которые расположены в семи районах Монголии. Создана первая версии каталога объектов со значимой информацией для развития геотуризма. Вулканы, вулканические ландшафты и обнажения изверженных пород Монголии имеют большое значение для науки и образования, могут быть интересны для тематического туризма.
Organic Farming: The New Success Mantra for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Deepthi V. , Sree E. Karuna , Raju G. Shali , Reddy A. Devivaraprasad , Subbaiah K. Venkata , Raghavendrareddy M. , Satish K. Venkata
Published: January 2024

Organic farming avoids investment in costly chemicals and pesticides. Mrs Neerukonda Satyanarayana adopted organic farming from the year 2015-16. He attended various trainings organized by the Department of Agriculture and Krishi vigyan Kendra, Venkataramannagudem. After that he prepared 14 types of organic inputs, bio fertilizers, bio pesticides on his farm. Banana, Papaya, Vegetables (Brinjal, Tomato, chilli and Spine gourd) and Black gram crops were cultivated in 10 acres area by using the organic inputs. He got a net income of Rs.3 lakhs /ac from Vegetable cultivation. In the case of bananas, he got  1.5 lakhs /ac net income. For Black gram, Rs. 35000/ac net income, and for papaya, 1.5 lakhs.
Free Cash Flow and Short-term Debt of Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange Kenya
Authors: Pyoko Oliver Mukweyi , Muchiri Renson
Published: January 2024

The short-term debt account's value is crucial in assessing the performance of the business. Free cash flow is the amount of money a business has left over after covering its cash outflows for operating costs and capital asset maintenance. If a company takes on more debt, it will have less free cash flow available for equity in the current year. Since the debt has been paid off and does not need to be repaid, this decrease is offset in the upcoming years by a rise in free cash flow to equity. The exact opposite occurs if the company takes on additional debt. The study was anchored on free cash flow theory and trade off theory. The study applied secondary data obtained from the firms from 2007-2011. Panel data was used to increase data observations. The data was initially analysed using pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. The result showed a positive and significant relationship between free cash flow and short term debt of firms. With this result, it is recommended that managers of listed firms on NSE should assess the company’s overall financial flexibility and short term debt needs to determine the optimal balance between free cash flow and short term debt as excessive reliance on free cash flow for short term debt repayment may increase vulnerability.
Investigating the Role of Innovation Capabilities and the Impact of Knowledge Transfer and Open Innovation Implementation on SME Performance in Yogyakarta
Authors: Qifari Muh Yusuf , Hartono Arif
Published: January 2024

The study aims to examine the role of innovation capabilities and the impact of knowledge transfer and open innovation on the SMEs’ performance in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Although previous research on open innovation has been conducted in Indonesia, it has not been specific to this region, and there are variables that still need to be explored concerning improving SMEs’ performance. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap through research. An online questionnaire with a five-point Likert points was distributed to respondents who work actively and occupy functional positions in SMEs in Yogyakarta. A total of 202 respondents contributed to this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS-SEM with the SmartPLS tool. The results of this research reveal that the variables of knowledge transfer and open innovation positively influence SMEs performance and Innovation capabilities have a role in this relationship. Openness to innovation triggered by innovation capabilities will later encourage business practitioners to continuously innovate in their business performance, such as innovation in improving product quality. In this case, businesses need to consider the critical role of knowledge transfer in improving business performance. This study contributes to enriching the literature related to the concept of open innovation and SME performance. Additionally, the results of this study provide valuable insights for business practitioners to implement these three variables to enhance of their business performance.
Company Age and Short-term Debt of Companies Listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya
Authors: Pyoko Oliver Mukweyi , Muchiri Renson
Published: January 2024

Firms that are listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange are looking for more cash to support their business operations and carry out particular development projects, thus they are gradually increasing the amount of debt finance that makes up their capital structure. This study aimed to investigate the effect of firm age on short term debt of firms listed on Nairobi Securities Exchange. This study was underpinned on form life cycle theory and pecking order theory. The study used secondary data which was obtained from the listed firms from 2007-2011. Panel data was used and the result showed a positive and significant relationship between firm age and short term debt of firm. From the results, the study recommends that management of companies should carefully consider the company’s age and the impact on debt maturity structure. They should also align short term debt strategies with company’s prospect and long term financial goals. Older firms with stable growth patterns may find short term debt suitable, while younger firms with higher growth expectations may benefit from other debt financing.
Effect of Organic Sources of Nitrogen on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics of Vegetable Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in Organic Farming
Authors: Patel M. P. , Satodiya B. N. , Patel K. V. , Baldaniya Nitesh , Parmar P. M.
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted on vegetable cluster bean variety Pusa Navbharat to find out the effect of organic sources of nitrogen on growth, yield and economics of vegetable cluster bean. This experiment was conducted in certified organic plot for the three years (2020, 2021, 2022) during semi rabi season at Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, AAU, Khambholaj. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. There were eight treatments viz., T1: No manures (Control) , T2: N equivalent of 20 kg/ha through FYM, T3: N equivalent of 20 kg/ha through Vermi compost, T4: N equivalent of 20 kg/ha through Castor cake, T5: Bio NP (Rhizobium and PSB), T6: N equivalent of 10 kg/ha through FYM + Bio NP (Rhizobium and PSB), T7: N equivalent of 10 kg/ha through Vermi compost + Bio NP (Rhizobium and PSB) and T8: N equivalent of 10 kg/ha through Castor cake + Bio NP (Rhizobium and PSB). Plant height, green pod yield, its related traits and crude protein content in pods were recorded every year and pooled analysis was carried out. There was significant difference observed for green pod yield and its related traits. Whereas, plant height and crude protein content in pods was remain non-significant for different organic sources of nitrogen. Application of N equivalent of 20kg/ha through FYM recorded maximum yield and its related traits with higher net return.
Identification and Characterization of Xanthomonas spp. Affecting Fruit Crops Cultivated in Assam, India
Authors: Chetia R. , Routhu Gowtham Kumar , Borah P. K. , Nath B. C.
Published: January 2024

The present study was carried out to identify the bacterial pathogens affecting different fruit crops and to consign them in proper taxonomic position following different morphological, biochemical and molecular protocols. Diseased samples exhibiting typical symptoms on pomegranate (Punica granatum), mango (Mangifera indica), peach (Prunus persica), and plum (Prunus domestica) were gathered from two locations in Assam (Jorhat and Sonitpur). Through morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterization, the bacterial isolates were identified within the genus Xanthomonas, displaying a broad host range encompassing pomegranate, mango, peach,                       and plum. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated the isolates as Xanthomonas citri pv. Mangiferae indicae (causing bacterial canker in mango),                        Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae (responsible for bacterial blight in pomegranate), and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (associated with bacterial leaf spot in stone fruits). The findings underscore the importance of Xanthomonas in impacting diverse fruit crops, highlighting                 potential threats to their production.
Didactic Approaches to Proofs in Mathematics: Difficulties of Proofs
Authors: Daili Nourreddine
Published: January 2024

The theme of proof in mathematics is often the subject of debate in the educational world. Several different approaches have addressed the problem of learning a proof. In this work we studied the learning of proof in the teaching of mathematics, then we gave analyzes of the difficulties of the pupils to understand its nature and its usefulness. Analyzes of approaches to proof from the teacher's side are provided.
Design of a Pendulum Impact Cutter to Measure Plant Stalk Cutting Force and Energy
Authors: Rahaman S. , Babu B. Hari , Kumar A. Ashok , Reddy K. Madhusudhana , Rao V. Srinivasa
Published: January 2024

Aims: A research study was conducted to examine how the blade type, cross-sectional area of stalks and moisture content of the crop is affecting the cutting energy and cutting force needed for the harvesting of blackgram and greengram stalks. A pendulum impact cutter was developed for the measurement of cutting energy and force.

Methodology: The plant was positioned in the stalk holder to replicate the natural arrangement of stalks in a field. Three types of blades such as smooth edge, V-shaped and serrated type were used for the present study.

Results: The experimental findings indicated that an increase in the cross-sectional area of blackgram and greengram stalks resulted in higher cutting energy and cutting force requirements for all the three types of blades. The decrease in moisture content of greengram and blackgram crops leads to increase in cutting energy and cutting force by all the three blades. The reason for increase of cutting energy and cutting force at low moisture content i.e., both plant materials exhibit a fibrous property at low moisture content which holds a higher strength. So, more cutting energy and cutting force is required for cutting at low moisture contents. The serrated type blade exhibited lower cutting energy and cutting force requirements in comparison to the smooth edge and V-shaped types of blades across all stalk diameters. Among three blades, serrated blade is best for cutting of green gram and black gram, which reported less cutting energy and force. The following functional relationship is drawn from this research i.e., the cutting energy and cutting force is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area of stalks and inversely proportional to the moisture content of the crop.
Study the Relationship between Severity of Post-Vaccination with Infection of COVID-19 and Vaccination
Authors: Al-Jelehawy Alaa Hamza Jaber , Sherali Ali Redha Abdulamer
Published: January 2024

Background: The pandemic illness of coronavirus 2019 is caused by (SARS-CoV-2), it was started from China in December 2019. It speedily disseminate in the world and became a general threat.  More than 5 million persons have died in the world.

Aim of the Study: For assessments the relationship between vaccination and severity of post-vaccination with COVID-19 infection.

Methods: This study had been conducted on (120) qRT- PCR confirmed infected individuals by COVID-19 (55 females and 65 males) ages ranging in 18-80 years from September 2023 to December 2023.

Results: In the current study found from 120 patients positive with COVID-19, 65(54.16%) male and were female 55(45.86%), the difference was statistically not significant. The current study showed the age groups (20-30) years and (41-50) were the most affected (21.6%) and (18.6%) respectively. Present result showed that 28 (23.3%) had mild diseases, 40 (33.3%) had moderate diseases, 36 (30%) had severe diseases and16 (13.3) were admitted to critical care, that was statistically significant. In this study, 18\120 (15%) of patients who had received the vaccine against COVID-19 virus where 4\18 (22.22.%) received Pfizer and 14\18 (77.77%) Astra Zeneca.

Conclusion: These urvey exhibited that there was no important difference between females and males.
Isolation, Identification and Antibiogram of Bacteria Isolated from Raw Cow Milk in Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State
Authors: Abdullahi K.  , Innocent W. J.  , Hafsat S. B.  , Habibu M.  , Abdurrahman Yusuf
Published: January 2024

The study was conducted to isolate and identify the bacteria, to know the sources of contamination of milk and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria obtained from Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State. A total of 45 samples were collected from different locations in Dutsin-Ma such as Wednesday market, opposite the FUDMA takeoff site and Hospital road. All these samples were analyzed by culturing in different media such as Salmonella-Shigella agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar, Mannitol Salt Agar, Nutrient agar, Cetrimide agar, and MacConkey agar. Biochemical tests were performed to identify the organism. Among 45 samples, 20 (37.7%) were Staphylococcus spp. Similarly, 11 (20.8%), 6 (11.3%), 4(7.5%) and 12(22.6%) were found positive for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella and Salmonella spp. and. respectively. Results of the antibiotic sensitivity test represent that, out of ten antibiotics Staphylococcus sp. were very sensitive against Gentamicin (95%), Ciprofloxacin (90%), Streptomycin (70%), and highly resistant against Zinnacef (60%), Ampiclox (70%), Amoxicillin (50%). Salmonella sp. were highly sensitive to Pefloxacin (83.3%), Sparfloxacin (83.3%), and Ciprofloxacin (95%), but resistant against Augmentin (83.3%), Streptomycin (75%), Sulfamethoxazole (66.6%). Klebsiella spp. were highly sensitive to Pefloxacin (50%), Sparfloxacin, Chloramphenicol (75%), and Ciprofloxacin (75%), but resistant to Gentamicin (100%), Streptomycin (100%), Sulfamethoxazole (75%), Augmentin (75%). Escherichia coli were highly sensitive to Gentamicin (72.7%), Ciprofloxacin (100%), Ofloxacin (90.9%), Sparfloxacin (72.7%), but highly resistant to Sulphamethoxazole (72.2%), Whereas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were highly sensitive Ciprofloxacin (100%), Chloramphenicol (66.6%), Ofloxacin (66.6%), but highly resistant against Streptomycin (100%), Augmentin 83.35%), Perfloxacin (83.3%). Data from this study suggested that raw milk contaminated with drug-resistant bacteria may cause public health hazards.
Transformation of the physical optics integral to the boundary integral and its application to metal scattering problems
Authors: Murasaki Tsutomu
Published: November 2002

The physical optics approximation (PO) is a powerful calculation method in the analysis of the radiation pattern of a reflector antenna and of the radar cross section (RCS). At high frequencies, the computational efficiency of the radiation surface integration is poor. In the present research, a method is proposed in which the radiation surface integral of PO is rigorously transformed to a line integral along the scatterer boundary. Since the line integral is used in this method, the computation time can be reduced in comparison with PO. When the RCS of an arbitrary shape is computed, the shape is often approximated by a combination of planar patches. Therefore, PO and the proposed method are compared with respect to the numerically calculated scattering patterns of a circular disk and a square plate. It is confirmed that these two methods are similar in accuracy. An example of application to a three‐dimensional body is presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(12): 30–37, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10059
Analysis of rib waveguides by a fourth‐order accurate finite‐difference beam‐propagation method
Authors: Yamauchi Junji , Murata Toshiyuki , Nakano Hisamatsu
Published: November 2002

When a step index waveguide is analyzed by the finite‐difference method, the treatment of the discontinuous refractive index profile is a problem. In this paper, while the boundary condition of the field is taken into account, the improved finite‐difference equation in which the truncation error is reduced to the fourth order is combined with the alternate direction implicit solution method, formulating a three‐dimensional beam propagation method with high computational efficiency. First, by means of the imaginary axis method, an eigenmode analysis of the rib waveguide is carried out so that the effectiveness and validity of the method are proven. Next, a beam propagation analysis is carried out for the rib waveguide taper. By taking into account the discontinuity location of the refractive index, the quantization error is found to be reduced. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(12): 20–29, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10061
Optical waveguide analysis using a Yee‐lattice‐based modified finite‐difference formula for an arbitrary dielectric interface
Authors: Ando Takashi , Nakayama Hiroki , Yamauchi Junji , Nakano Hisamatsu
Published: November 2002

A modified finite‐difference formula including the boundary condition of the field is applied to the eigenmode and propagation analysis of optical waveguides. First, in order to show the effectiveness of the modified finite‐difference formula, the eigenmode solver is formulated using the imaginary axis method based on the Yee lattice. The fundamental mode of a two‐dimensional step‐index slab is computed. It is proved that the discontinuous field at the dielectric interface can be evaluated accurately. Further, a circular fiber is analyzed and its converged field is obtained with a lattice spacing larger than that in the conventional method. Finally, by using the finite‐difference time‐domain method, the propagating wave in a slanted waveguide is analyzed. It is pointed out that the quantization error caused by the staircase approximation can be reduced by the application of the modified finite‐difference formula. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 85(12): 1–9, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.10078
Pre‐ and postsurgical detection of IgG, IgM, and IgA specific to hydatidosis by ELISA with purified antigen enriched with the 5/B antigen complex
Authors: Doiz Olga , Benito Rafael , Gil Joaquina , Rojas Almudena , Carmen Rubio M. , Osuna Antonio
Published: November 2002

An enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) using purified 5/B Echinococcus enriched antigen was used to follow IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody levels pre‐ and posttreatment or surgical removal of hydatid cysts. The sensitivity was 97%, 37.5%, and 54.5%, respectively, and the specificity was 95.7%, 100%, and 98.9%, respectively. All isotypes could be detected 3 years after surgical removal of cysts in patients showing no remaining cyst evidence. This was especially true for IgG, which persisted in 85.2% of the patients. The data indicate that antigen purification improves specificity without affecting sensitivity, although this new antigen offers no advantages in the postsurgical monitoring of the patients. Clin. Lab. Anal. 16:295–298, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular inflammation hypothesis of aging based on the anti‐aging mechanism of calorie restriction
Authors: Chung Hae Young , Kim Hyon Jeen , Kim Kyu Won , Choi Jae Sue , Yu Byung Pal
Published: November 2002

Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that oxidative stress underlies aging processes. Research provides consistent evidence that calorie restriction (CR) reduces age‐related oxidative stress and has anti‐inflammatory properties. However, information is lacking on the molecular mechanism that would better define the interrelation of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species and the pro‐inflammatory states of the aging process. In this review, the biochemical and molecular bases of the inflammatory process in the aging process are analyzed to delineate the molecular inflammation hypothesis of aging. The key players involved in the proposed hypothesis are the age‐related upregulation of NF‐κB, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNFα, cyclooxygenase‐2, and inducible NO synthase, all of which are attenuated by CR. Furthermore, age‐related NFκB activation is associated with phosphorylation by IκB kinase/NIK and MAPKs, while CR blocked these activation processes. The modulation of these factors provides molecular insights of the anti‐inflammatory action of CR in relation to the aging process. Based on available finding and our recent supporting evidence, we prefer to use “molecular inflammation” to emphasize the importance of the molecular reaction mechanisms and their aberrance, predisposing to fully expressed chronic inflammatory phenomena. It was further proposed that CR's major force of the regulation of redox‐sensitive inflammation may well be its life‐prolonging action. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:264–272, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of time of restriction on the decrease in mitochondrial H2O2 production and oxidative DNA damage in the heart of food‐restricted rats
Authors: Gredilla R. , López‐Torres M. , Barja G.
Published: November 2002

In the present study, the question if medium‐term (4 months) caloric restriction (40%) decreases mitochondrial H2O2 production and oxidative DNA damage was investigated. Caloric restriction (CR) is the only experimental manipulation that increases maximum life span. Previous long‐term CR studies have showed that CR decreases the mitochondrial rate of free radical production in diverse tissues and species. Those studies agree with the idea that the superior longevity of the restricted animals can be partly due to their lower mitochondrial rate of free radical generation. However, caloric restriction effects strongly depend on implementation time. Previous studies have shown that the decrease induced by CR on oxygen radical generation and oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA occurs after 1 year but not after 6 weeks of restriction. In the present investigation, mitochondrial H2O2 production did not change in medium‐term (4 months) caloric restricted animals, and, in agreement with that, no differences were found in either mitochondrial or nuclear oxidative DNA damage between restricted and ad libitum–fed animals. These results confirm the importance of the time of CR implementation, and show that time longer than 4 months is needed to decrease the mitochondrial rate of free radical generation and the oxidative damage to mtDNA in the rat heart. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:273–277, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of H2O2‐induced apoptosis of lymphocytes by calorie restriction during aging
Authors: Avula C. P. Reddy , Fernandes Gabriel
Published: November 2002

Calorie restriction (CR) is known to delay the aging process in rodents and is postulated to act by decreasing free radical generation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of CR and age on oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis and associated changes in the levels of TNF‐α, and Bcl‐2 in splenic T lymphocytes. Ad libitum (AL)‐ or CR‐fed C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed either at 6 (young) or 18 (old) months and splenic lymphocytes were incubated with or without 25 μM H2O2 to induce apoptosis. Apoptosis increased with age in cells of AL‐fed mice incubated with H2O2. CR prevented this rise in apoptosis in total splenic lymphocytes and in CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets either with or without H2O2. Free radicals increased and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased in aged mice. CR prevented these changes and also prevented the age‐associated increase in TNF‐α and loss of Bcl‐2 in total splenic lymphocytes and in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets. In summary, lymphocytes in aged AL‐fed mice were much more susceptible to oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis whereas CR normalized apoptosis by preventing the increase in TNF‐α and the decrease in Bcl‐2 associated with aging. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:282–292, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mineral‐related proteins of sea urchin teeth: Lytechinus variegatus
Authors: Veis Arthur , Barss Joseph , Dahl Thomas , Rahima Mohammed , Stock Stuart
Published: November 2002

Sea urchins have a set of five continuously growing teeth, each of which has a very complex structure. The mineral phase is calcite of varying Mg content, depending on the location within a tooth. The calcium carbonate is present in amorphous, plate‐like and rod‐like forms. It has been hypothesized that the mineral deposition is a matrix‐mediated process, similar to that in vertebrate bone and tooth, wherein certain macromolecules within the organic matrix of the mineralized tissue play an important role in nucleating and controlling the growth habit of the mineral crystals. It has also been hypothesized that the mineral‐related macromolecules involved in urchin teeth might bear a direct evolutionary relationship to those of the vertebrate tooth. These hypotheses are explored here by examining the pattern and nature of the mineral distribution, using microCT of intact teeth, and the nature of the mineral‐related matrix proteins. The mineral‐related proteins were extracted and fractionated by anion exchange chromatography. The relationship of certain fractions to vertebrate matrix proteins was established by immunoblots using antibodies to vertebrate tooth proteins. The antibodies were then used to localize the proteins within the teeth, by immunocytochemistry and histology with specific staining. The microCT data on mineral density has been correlated with the patterns of cellular migration and mineral deposition within the tooth as it grows. It appears that the mineralization within the different tooth compartments might take place under the influence of different matrix proteins. Further studies are in progress to more completely describe the vertebrate‐invertebrate immunologically cross‐reactive proteins of the urchin teeth. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:342–351, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Caiman periodontium as an intermediate between basal vertebrate ankylosis‐type attachment and mammalian “true” periodontium
Authors: McIntosh James E. , Anderton Xochitl , Flores‐De‐Jacoby Lavinia , Carlson David S. , Shuler Charles F. , Diekwisch Thomas G.H.
Published: November 2002

The teeth of many fish, amphibia, and reptiles are attached to the alveolar bone via ankylosis. In contrast, mammalian periodontia are characterized by a gomphosis, an attachment of the tooth root in the alveolar bone socket via periodontal ligament fibers. Among the reptiles, the crocodilians are the only group featuring a gomphosis‐type connection between tooth root and alveolar bone, while in other reptiles tooth‐root and jawbone are connected via ankylosis. The purpose of the present study was to compare several key features of the crocodilian periodontium with those of the mammalian and noncrocodilian reptile periodontium. As experimental models for our study we chose the periodontium of newborn geckos (Hemidacylus turcicus), juvenile caimans (Caiman crocodilus crocodilus), and 10‐day‐postnatal Swiss‐Webster mice (Mus musculus) as representative models for noncrocodilian reptiles, crocodilian reptiles, and mammals. The caiman periodontium emerged as an intermediary between the mineral‐free mouse ligament and the mineralized gecko ankylosis‐type attachment. Caiman ligament fibers were less organized than mouse ligament fibers but featured distinct fasciae surrounding ligament fiber bundles. Caiman Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) was similarly perforated as mouse HERS and distinctly different from the continuous gecko HERS. Both caiman and mouse HERS covered the entire tooth root length, while in the gecko HERS was limited to the coronal portion of the root, allowing for cementoid‐mediated ankylosis at the apical tip of the root. We interpret our data to indicate distinct differences in mineral distribution, periodontal ligament fiber organization, and HERS distribution between noncrocodilian reptiles, crocodilian reptiles, and mammals. Mineral deposits in the caiman ligament may reflect an evolutionary position of the caiman periodontium between ankylosis and gomphosis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:449–459, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glacial Lake Victoria, a high‐level Antarctic Lake inferred from lacustrine deposits in Victoria Valley
Authors: Hall Brenda L. , Denton George H. , Overturf Bret , Hendy Chris H.
Published: November 2002

We present evidence of a large lake (Glacial Lake Victoria) that existed in Victoria Valley in the dry valleys region of Antarctica between at least 20 000 and 8600 14C yr BP. At its highstands, Glacial Lake Victoria covered 100 km2 and was ca. 200 m deep. The chronology for lake‐level changes comes from 87 AMS radiocarbon dates of lacustrine algae preserved in deltas and glaciolacustrine deposits that extend up to 185 m above present‐day lakes on the valley floor. The existence of Glacial Lake Victoria, as well as other large lakes in the dry valleys, indicates a climate regime significantly different from that of today at the last glacial maximum and in the early Holocene. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing heritage attractions: marketing challenges at sensitive historical sites
Authors: Austin Nathan K.
Published: November 2002

Historical sites now feature strongly as sites of visitation. However, such sites are often connected with historical events, which are sensitive to visitors and thus highly contentious when utilised in the development of tourism. The paper, from the perspective of the visitor, examines some of the critical issues that generally determine the nature of visitation at sensitive historical sites. The issues identified are the visitor's emotional state at the site, prior expectations of the site and what is to be learnt and perception of site presentation and interpretation. They also include the primary visitor objective to learn about the site, the ease with which access to the site can be obtained and the existence of social experiences between relevant visitor groups that may be extended to the site. The issues identified place significant challenges on how marketers communicate with potential visitors and other stakeholders of the site and require the marketing function to take cognisance of the different emotional states of visitors. Similarly, the nature of the packaging of the site, the channels of visitor access to be encouraged and how pricing is to be used as a marketing tool in a way that it is appropriate for the different groups of visitors to the site, all present unique marketing challenges. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.