bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz von Beschäftigten nach einer psychischen Erkrankung
Authors: Scharf Jessica , Loerbroks Adrian , Angerer Peter
Published: June 2022

Zielstellungen

Die Rückkehr an den Arbeitsplatz scheitert häufig an widersprüchlichen Erwartungen und Zielen der beteiligten Akteure. Aufgrund ihrer medizinischen Expertise und arbeitsplatzbezogenen Kenntnisse könnten Betriebsärzte bzw. Betriebsärztinnen gegenseitiges Verständnis und Zusammenarbeit der Beteiligten effektiv fördern. Es soll ein Leitfaden und eine Schulung zu dessen Anwendung entwickelt werden, die Betriebsärzte bzw. Betriebsärztinnen unterstützen, eine vermittelnde Rolle bei der Eingliederung psychisch erkrankter Beschäftigter einzunehmen.

Methoden

Basierend auf einer Literaturrecherche sowie umfangreichen qualitativen Vorarbeiten zu den Erwartungen der Akteure, wurden in mehreren konsekutiven Schritten ein Leitfaden und Schulungsmaterialien partizipativ mit Arbeitsmedizinerinnen und Arbeitsmedizinern und anderen Experten bzw. Expertinnen entwickelt, diskutiert und überarbeitet. Schließlich wurden Betriebsärzte und Betriebsärztinnen in Weiterbildungskursen in der Anwendung des Leitfadens geschult, um ihn anschließend im Arbeitsalltag auf Praktikabilität zu überprüfen.

Ergebnisse

Der Leitfaden informiert über die potenziell unterschiedlichen Erwartungen der Akteure bzw. Akteurinnen an den Rückkehrprozess und bietet umfassende Handlungshilfen für die vermittelnde Arbeit des Betriebsarztes/der Betriebsärztin. Nach der etwa zweistündigen manualisierten Schulung setzten innerhalb von 4 Monaten 9 von 37 Teilnehmern den Leitfaden für Rückkehrgespräche ein, 6 von 9 bewerteten ihn als hilfreich.

Schlussfolgerung

Die ersten positiven Anwendungserfahrungen des mit der Zielgruppe entwickelten Materials rechtfertigt eine größere Interventionsstudie, um den zu vermutenden positiven Effekt auf den Wiedereingliederungserfolg zu untersuchen.
Microbial Influenced Corrosion: Understanding Bioadhesion and Biofilm Formation
Authors: Pal Mirul K. , Lavanya M.
Published: June 2022

Microbiologically influenced corrosion, also known as microbial or biological corrosion, is produced by particular bacteria adhering to metal in water. It is widely acknowledged to be the direct cause of catastrophic corrosion failures, with associated damage costs accounting to many billions of US$ annually. Certain activities of microbial organisms such as their adherence capabilities are known to lead to the acceleration in corrosion rates of metals. Bacterial adherence is the beginning of the process of colonisation of a surface, known as biofilm development that involves physicochemical and molecular interactions. This process of bacterial adhesion is influenced by a myriad of parameters which are broadly categorised as environment, bacterial, and material characteristics. The following article reviews the mechanisms of bacterial adhesion to biomaterial surfaces, the factors affecting this adhesion, and the techniques used in estimating microbially influenced corrosion.
Normality of the Thue–Morse function for finite fields along polynomial values
Authors: Makhul Mehdi , Winterhof Arne
Published: June 2022

Let $$\varvec{F}_q$$

F

q

be the finite field of q elements, where $$q=p^r$$

q
=

p
r

is a power of the prime p, and $$\left( \beta _1, \beta _2, \dots , \beta _r \right) $$

β
1

,

β
2

,
⋯
,

β
r

be an ordered basis of $$\varvec{F}_q$$

F

q

over $$\varvec{F}_p$$

F

p

. For $$\begin{aligned} \xi =\sum _{i=1}^rx_i\beta _i, \quad x_i\in \varvec{F}_p, \end{aligned}$$

ξ
=

∑

i
=
1

r

x
i

β
i

,

x
i

∈

F

p

,

we define the Thue–Morse or sum-of-digits function $$T(\xi )$$

T
(
ξ
)

on $$\varvec{F}_q$$

F

q

by $$\begin{aligned} T(\xi )=\sum _{i=1}^{r}x_i. \end{aligned}$$

T

(
ξ
)

=

∑

i
=
1

r

x
i

.

For a given pattern length s with $$1\le s\le q$$

1
≤
s
≤
q

, a vector $$\varvec{\alpha }=(\alpha _1,\ldots ,\alpha _s)\in \varvec{F}_q^s$$

α

=

(

α
1

,
…
,

α
s

)

∈

F

q
s

with different coordinates $$\alpha _{j_1}\not = \alpha _{j_2}$$

α

j
1

≠

α

j
2

, $$1\le j_1<j_2\le s$$

1
≤

j
1

<

j
2

≤
s

, a polynomial $$f(X)\in \varvec{F}_q[X]$$

f

(
X
)

∈

F

q

[
X
]

of degree d and a vector $$\mathbf{c} =(c_1,\ldots ,c_s)\in \varvec{F}_p^s$$

c
=

(

c
1

,
…
,

c
s

)

∈

F

p
s

we put $$\begin{aligned} \mathcal{T}(\mathbf{c} ,\varvec{\alpha },f)=\{\xi \in \varvec{F}_q : T(f(\xi +\alpha _i))=c_i,~i=1,\ldots ,s\}. \end{aligned}$$

T

(
c
,

α

,
f
)

=
{
ξ
∈

F

q

:
T

(
f

(
ξ
+

α
i

)

)

=

c
i

,

i
=
1
,
…
,
s
}
.

In this paper we will see that under some natural conditions, the size of $$\mathcal{T}(\mathbf{c} ,\varvec{\alpha },f)$$

T
(
c
,

α

,
f
)

is asymptotically the same for all $$\mathbf{c} $$
c
and $$\varvec{\alpha }$$

α

in both cases, $$p\rightarrow \infty $$

p
→
∞

and $$r\rightarrow \infty $$

r
→
∞

, respectively. More precisely, we have $$\begin{aligned} \left||\mathcal{T}(\mathbf{c} , \varvec{\alpha }, f) |- p^{r-s} \right|\le (d-1)q^{1/2} \end{aligned}$$

|
T

(
c
,

α

,
f
)

|

-

p

r
-
s

≤

(
d
-
1
)

q

1
/
2

under certain conditions on d, q and s. For monomials of large degree we improve this bound as well as we find conditions on d, q and s for which this bound is not true. In particular, if $$1\le d<p$$

1
≤
d
<
p

we have the dichotomy that the bound is valid if $$s\le d$$

s
≤
d

and for $$s\ge d+1$$

s
≥
d
+
1

there are vectors $$\mathbf{c} $$
c
and $$\varvec{\alpha }$$

α

with $$\mathcal{T}(\mathbf{c} ,\varvec{\alpha },f)=\emptyset $$

T
(
c
,

α

,
f
)
=
∅

so that the bound fails for sufficiently large r. The case $$s=1$$

s
=
1

was studied before by Dartyge and Sárközy.
Understanding the organisational dynamics and ethos of local degrowth cooperatives
Authors: Cunico Giovanni , Deuten Sebastiaan , Huang I-Chun
Published: June 2022

As a concept challenging the growth paradigm, degrowth is put into practice in different ways. Ones of which are degrowth-oriented cooperatives: organisations composed of producers and consumers that intend to keep a locally oriented focus and embrace more responsible economic practices to promote socio-ecological sustainability. Despite their flourishing relevance, a robust understanding of their functioning is still missing. This becomes essential to comprehend how they differ from normal cooperatives and support their diffusion. Therefore, this work investigates the internal organisational dynamics in a degrowth cooperative through a case study. We used a participatory system dynamics modelling approach involving the cooperative’s members to develop a causal-loop model describing the cooperative’s main functioning. Several dynamics appeared to take place within the cooperative, reinforcing ones favouring cooperative growth and balancing ones limiting its expansion. While growth dynamics and conflict emergence resemble normal cooperatives’ behaviour, limiting mechanisms, depending on the local focus and the potential setting of income sufficiency thresholds, are expected to prevent the cooperative from excessive expansion and lose its degrowth ethos. Moreover, the participatory modelling method used appeared to contribute to improving the members’ understanding of the problems, identifying shared solutions, and enhancing communication. This study's contribution is two-fold: first, it reports the organisational dynamics of a cooperative practising degrowth and, second, highlights how participatory modelling can be a powerful tool in those contexts to increase members’ engagement and enhance communication.
Effectiveness and acceptability of intranasal povidone-iodine decolonization among fracture fixation surgery patients to reduce Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization
Authors: Schweizer Marin L. , Herwaldt Loreen A. , Boyken Linda , Pottinger Jean , Quinn Rachel , Diekema Daniel J. , Armstrong-Pavlik Fiona , Ward Melissa , Sekar Poorani , Willey Michael C.
Published: June 2022

We evaluated povidone-iodine (PVI) decolonization among 51 fracture-fixation surgery patients. PVI was applied twice on the day of surgery. Patients were tested for S. aureus nasal colonization and surveyed. Mean S. aureus concentrations decreased from 3.13 to 1.15 CFU/mL (P = .03). Also, 86% of patients stated that they felt neutral or positive about their PVI experience.
An amplitude equation modelling the double-crest swirling in orbital-shaken cylindrical containers
Authors: Bongarzone Alessandro , Guido Margherita , Gallaire François
Published: June 2022

Container motion along a planar circular trajectory at a constant angular velocity, i.e. orbital shaking, is of interest in several industrial applications, e.g. for fermentation processes or in cultivation of stem cells, where good mixing and efficient gas exchange are the main targets. Under these external forcing conditions, the free surface typically exhibits a primary steady-state motion through a single-crest dynamics, whose wave amplitude, as a function of the external forcing parameters, shows a Duffing-like behaviour. However, previous experiments in laboratory-scale cylindrical containers have revealed that, owing to the excitation of super-harmonics, diverse dynamics are observable in certain driving-frequency ranges. Among these super-harmonics, the double-crest dynamics is particularly relevant, as it displays a notably large amplitude response, which is strongly favoured by the spatial structure of the external forcing. In the inviscid limit and with regards to circular cylindrical containers, we formalize here a weakly nonlinear analysis via a multiple-time-scale method of the full hydrodynamic sloshing system, leading to an amplitude equation suitable for describing such a double-crest swirling motion. The weakly nonlinear prediction is shown to be in fairly good agreement with previous experiments described in the literature. Lastly, we discuss how an analogous amplitude equation can be derived by solving asymptotically for the first super-harmonic of the forced Helmholtz–Duffing equation with small nonlinearities.
On the spinup and spreadout of a Cartesian gravity current on a slope in a rotating system
Authors: Ungarish M.
Published: June 2022

Ocean gravity currents flow along the inclined ocean floor for long times compared to the planet's rotation period. Their shape and motion is governed by the gravity buoyancy, Coriolis acceleration and friction-induced Ekman-layer spinup circulation. In order to understand this process, we consider the flow of a dense-fluid Boussinesq gravity current of fixed volume over an inclined bottom in a rotating system, in the framework of Cartesian 2.5-dimensional geometry (no dependency on the lateral direction

$y$

, but with a non-trivial

$y$

-component velocity

$v$

due to Coriolis coupling with the main

$u$

along the bottom

$x$

). After release from rest in a lock (co-rotating, with two gates creating propagation in

${\pm }x$

-directions), the current forms a quasi-steady geostrophic ‘vein’ of parabolic height profile with a significant lateral velocity

$v$

. Subsequently, a spinup process, driven by the Ekman layers on the bottom and interface, appears and prevails for many revolutions, during which

$v$

decays and the shape of the interface changes dramatically. We investigate the spinup motion, using an approximate model, for the case of large Rossby number, small Ekman number and small slope

$\gamma$

(relevant to oceanic currents). We show that the initial shape of the natural geostrophic vein can be calculated rigorously (not an arbitrary parabola), and the initial lateral velocity

$v(x,t=0)$

is counter-rotation about a fixed point (pivot)

$x_{\rm \pi}$

at which

$v(x_{\rm \pi},t) =0$

(at the beginning and during spinup). This point is placed excentrically, in the upper part, and this excentre,

$\propto \gamma$

, plays a significant role in the process. The spinup in a rigid container is developed as the prototype process; an essential component is the edge (outer wall) where the flux of the Ekman layer is arrested (and then returned to the centre via the inviscid core). While the upper part of the vein adopts this spinup pattern, the lower part (most of the vein,

$x< x_{\rm \pi}$

) develops a leak (drainage) at the edge that (a) modifies the spinup of the vein, and (b) generates a thin tail extension downslope. The tail consists of two merged non-divergent Ekman layers, which chokes the drainage flow rate. The present model provides clear-cut insights and some quantitative predictions of the major spinup stage by analytical algebraic solutions. A comparison with a previously published simple model (Wirth, Ocean Dyn., vol. 59, 2009, pp. 551–563) is presented. We also discuss briefly stability of the initial vein.
Droplet dynamics under an impinging air jet
Authors: Chen Zih-Yin , Hooshanginejad Alireza , Kumar Satish , Lee Sungyon
Published: June 2022

Partially wetting droplets under an airflow can exhibit complex behaviours that arise from the coupling of surface tension, inertia of the external flow and contact-line dynamics. Recent experiments by Hooshanginejad et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 901, 2020) revealed that a millimetric partially wetting water droplet under an impinging jet can oscillate in place, split or depin away from the jet, depending on the magnitude (i.e.

$5\unicode{x2013}20\ {\rm m}\ {\rm s}^{-1}$

) and position of the jet. To rationalise the experimental observations, we develop a two-dimensional lubrication model of the droplet that incorporates the external pressure of the impinging high-Reynolds-number jet, in addition to the capillary and hydrostatic pressures of the droplet. Distinct from the previous model by Hooshanginejad et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 901, 2020), we simulate the motion of the contact line using precursor film and disjoining pressure, which allows us to capture a wider range of droplet behaviours, including the droplet dislodging to one side. Our simulations exhibit a comparable time-scale of droplet deformations and similar outcomes as the experimental observations. We also obtain the analytical steady-state solutions of the droplet shapes and construct the minimum criteria for splitting and depinning.
Dynamics and bifurcations of laminar annular swirling and non-swirling jets
Authors: Douglas Christopher M. , Emerson Benjamin L. , Lieuwen Timothy C.
Published: June 2022

This paper presents bifurcation analyses characterising the nonlinear dynamics of fully developed laminar annular jets with respect to the centrebody diameter${ {d}}$, Reynolds number${ {Re}}$, and swirl ratio${ {S}}$. Similar flows appear in numerous applications and feature a vibrant range of topological and dynamical characteristics associated with phenomena including shear layer separation and vortex breakdown. Our results begin by describing the non-monotonic evolution of the axisymmetric jet's steady topology under varying${ {S}}$. In accord with earlier reports, the jet progresses through a sequence of wake, breakdown and wall jet regimes in a qualitatively similar manner across a wide span of${ {d}}$and${ {Re}}$values. In the wake regime, the non-swirling jet bifurcates to a plane-symmetric, but not axisymmetric, steady flow pattern beyond a${ {d}}$-dependent critical${ {Re}}$value. With further increase in${ {Re}}$, the steady non-swirling jet destabilises subsequently via multiple distinct Hopf bifurcations. Introducing${ {S}}>0$to the jet also induces unsteadiness by twisting the singly azimuthally periodic ($|m|=1$) asymmetric wake structure and causing it to precess periodically in time about the central axis. Intermediate swirl stabilises this unsteady dynamics and restores the jet's axisymmetry. This stabilising effect is then reversed in the breakdown regime at higher${ {S}}$, where a variety of different$|m|=1$and$|m|=2$instabilities bifurcate from the steady flow as${ {S}}$is increased. Several instances of hysteresis and subcritical behaviour are reported and discussed, including one that manifests precessing vortex core oscillations.
ON THE PARITY OF THE GENERALISED FROBENIUS PARTITION FUNCTIONS
Authors: ANDREWS GEORGE E. , SELLERS JAMES A. , SOUFAN FARES
Published: June 2022

Andrews [Generalized Frobenius Partitions, Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 301 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1984)] defined two families of functions,
$\phi _k(n)$
and
$c\phi _k(n),$
enumerating two types of combinatorial objects which he called generalised Frobenius partitions. Andrews proved a number of Ramanujan-like congruences satisfied by specific functions within these two families. Numerous other authors proved similar results for these functions, often with a view towards a specific choice of the parameter
$k.$
Our goal is to identify an infinite family of values of k such that
$\phi _k(n)$
is even for all n in a specific arithmetic progression; in particular, we prove that, for all positive integers
$\ell ,$
all primes
$p\geq 5$
and all values
$r, 0 < r < p,$
such that
$24r+1$
is a quadratic nonresidue modulo
$p,$

$$ \begin{align*} \phi_{p\ell-1}(pn+r) \equiv 0 \pmod{2} \end{align*} $$

for all
$n\geq 0.$
Our proof of this result is truly elementary, relying on a lemma from Andrews’ memoir, classical q-series results and elementary generating function manipulations. Such a result, which holds for infinitely many values of
$k,$
is rare in the study of arithmetic properties satisfied by generalised Frobenius partitions, primarily because of the unwieldy nature of the generating functions in question.
Characterization of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis oligopeptidase B and its role in macrophage infection
Authors: Barbosa Gustavo Rolim , Marana Sandro Roberto , Stolf Beatriz Simonsen
Published: June 2022

Leishmania spp. are parasitic protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, a disease endemic in 98 countries. Leishmania promastigotes are transmitted by the vector and differentiate into amastigotes within phagocytic cells of the vertebrate host. To survive in multiple and hostile environments, the parasite has several virulence factors. Oligopeptidase B (OPB) is a serine peptidase present in prokaryotes, some eukaryotes and some higher plants. It has been considered a virulence factor in trypanosomatids, but only a few studies, performed with Old World species, analysed its role in Leishmania virulence or infectivity.

L. (L.) amazonensis is an important agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. The L. (L.) amazonensis OPB encoding gene has been sequenced and analysed in silico but has never been expressed. In this work, we produced recombinant L. (L.) amazonensis OPB and showed that its pH preferences, Km and inhibition patterns are similar to those reported for L. (L.) major and L. (L.) donovani OPBs. Since Leishmania is known to secrete OPB, we performed in vitro infection assays using the recombinant enzyme. Our results showed that active OPB increased in vitro infection by L. (L.) amazonensis when present before and throughout infection. Our findings suggest that OPB is relevant to L. (L.) amazonensis infection, and that potential drugs acting through OPB will probably be effective for Old and New World Leishmania species. OPB inhibitors may eventually be explored for leishmaniasis chemotherapy.
Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire-Revised (PBIQ-R): Spanish adaptation in a clinical sample with psychotic disorders
Authors: Vázquez Morejón Antonio J. , Jackson Chris , Vázquez-Morejón Raquel , Leon-Perez Jose M.
Published: June 2022

Background:

The way people with psychosis psychologically adapt and manage the diagnosis of such a mental disorder has been considered a key factor that contributes to the emergence and aggravation of emotional problems. These beliefs about illness can be very important due to their possible association with stigma and its implications in terms of loss of roles and social status. Given the importance of these personal beliefs about the specific diagnosis of psychosis, the Personal Beliefs about Illness Questionnaire (PBIQ) and PBIQ-R have been developed.

Aims:

The present study aims to explore the psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of the PBIQ-R in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of psychosis-related disorders.

Method:

Participants were 155 patients (54.8% male) of the Public Health Service in Andalusia (Spain). Those who consented to participate filled in the PBIQ-R, the Social Comparison Scale, and the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 to measure emotional symptoms.

Results:

All dimensions showed adequate internal consistency values: Cronbach’s alpha extends between .81 and .88; and McDonald’s omega ranges between .87 and .92. The temporal reliability for an interval of 3–4 weeks was high. The correlations between the PBIQ-R dimensions and the other variables included in the study were significant and in the expected direction. The factor analysis of the principal components of the PBIQ-R dimensions revealed a single factor in each of the dimensions that explained 64–74%.

Conclusions:

The results support the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the PBIQ-R.
Introducing grip force as a nonverbal measure of bilingual feelings
Authors: Thoma Dieter , Hüsam Julia , Wielscher Kimberley
Published: June 2022

Bilinguals’ emotions can vary in intensity with the language of a stimulus. Yet, extant research has somewhat surprisingly accepted inconsistent results from implicit nonverbal and explicit verbal emotion measures. To date, it is unclear if this inconsistency recurs to conceptual or methodological differences. We therefore investigated if squeezing a handheld dynamometer is a valid nonverbal, “visceral” alternative to self-reported language-dependent feelings by comparing explicit ratings to neuro-physiological emotional reactions. We replicated two pupillometry experiments inducing language-dependent emotions through sentence reading (Study 1) and listening to narrative video commercials (Study 2) of low and high emotionality in the first or second language. Pupillometry confirmed that bilinguals are more sensitive to the low-high emotionality contrast in their first than second language. Grip force (but not duration) mirrored these findings, whereas verbal ratings did not. We thus recommend grip force as a new attentional, nonverbal measure for bilingualism research.
Northeastward‐Moving Auroral Forms From Possible High‐Latitude Reconnection
Authors: Fasel G. J. , Mann J. , Lee L. C. , Lee S. H. , Sigernes F. , Robison A. , Tarditi S.
Published: June 2022

This study presents a number of previously unreported auroral features that form shortly after the IMF –component turns sharply northward. The auroral images were captured by the Boreal Aurora Camera Constellation (BACC) All‐sky camera at the Kjell Henriksen Observatory, located in Longyearbyen, Svalbard. These observations are different from those previously reported. There are several differences: (a) The Eastward‐Moving Auroral Forms (EMAFs) do not originate from type 1 or type 2 aurora. The EMAFs originate from a diffuse vertical auroral form in the far west part of the ASC image. Vertical refers to the auroral form oriented in the north‐south direction in the frame of the ASC image. (b) The EMAFs form crescent shapes after they begin to drift eastward. (c) The EMAFs are discrete auroral forms; previously reported ionospheric signatures of high‐latitude reconnection are described as patches of brightness that form within a pre‐existing auroral band. (d) The EMAFs are observed to first move eastward and then slightly poleward during their journey. The movements of previously reported Ionospheric signatures of high‐latitude reconnection are described as expanding patches of brightness within a pre‐existing auroral band. (e) Some of the EMAFs brighten again after fading, during their northeastward drift across the field of view. (f) The EMAFs begin their eastward motion aligned in the north‐south direction. During their northeast drift, they begin to tilt toward the east. Some of the EMAFs keep tilting until they are aligned in the east‐west direction.
Distribution, Sources, and Dynamics of Particulate Matter Along Trans‐Arctic Sections
Authors: Gardner Wilford D. , Richardson Mary Jo , Mishonov Alexey V. , Lam Phoebe J. , Xiang Yang
Published: June 2022

In order to better understand the sources, sinks, and hydrodynamic influences on particulate matter distribution and variability in Arctic basins, we combined transmissometer data from two 2015 fall expeditions: one from Bering Strait (USCGC Healy) and the other from Barents Sea (R/V Polarstern) meeting at the North Pole. These first trans‐Arctic sections of beam attenuation were overlain by salinity, temperature, and chlorophyll‐a fluorescence (Chl‐a) contours. Chl‐a sections were overlain by nitrate contours. Particle composition analyzed from filtered samples throughout the full water column aided significantly in discerning sources, distribution, and dynamics of particles. Dense Pacific water moving swiftly through Bering Strait erodes and carries sediment‐laden waters onto the Chukchi Shelf and into the Canada Basin. This nutrient‐rich Pacific water sinks below a low‐salinity, nutrient‐poor polar mixed layer, forming a thick lens of high salinity water known as Pacific halocline water (salinity 31–33). Ice and the nutrient‐poor mixed layer inhibit photosynthesis in surface waters of Canada and Makarov Basins, but subsurface chlorophyll‐a maxima are observed if nutrients and light are available. Surface‐water biomass is greater in the Barents Sea than in the Beaufort Gyre because nutrient‐rich Atlantic water entering Barents Sea is not isolated from surface waters by ice or strong stratification. Surface water cools, creating high‐density water that cascades into ∼400 m basins in Barents Sea and into deep Nansen Basin, eroding sediment that creates patches of nepheloid layers in the shallow basins. Intense nepheloid layers in the deep basins are rare, suggesting weak bottom currents.
Spectral Indices of Vegetation Condition and Soil Water Content Reflect Controls on CH4 and CO2 Exchange in Sphagnum‐Dominated Northern Peatlands
Authors: Tucker Colin , O’Neill Ally , Meingast Karl , Bourgeau‐Chavez Laura , Lilleskov Erik , Kane Evan S.
Published: June 2022

Northern peatlands play an important role in the global C cycle due to their large C stocks and high potential methane (CH4) emissions. The CH4 and CO2 cycles of these systems are closely linked to hydrology, with water table level regulating the balance of oxic and anoxic conditions and the water content of Sphagnum mosses that dominate primary production. Previous work has demonstrated that hyperspectral indices well‐suited to the detection of altered hydrology in Sphagnum peatlands are also highly correlated with GPP. However, little work has been done to extend these findings to CH4 effluxes. In this study, we evaluate the utility of four hyperspectral indices, two reflecting vegetation photosynthetic function (chlorophyll index (CI); normalized difference vegetation index) and two reflecting water content (wetness index (WI); floating water band index), for detecting effects of altered water table, precipitation, and vegetation community on CH4 and CO2 exchange in two peatland mesocosm studies. We found that CI is a good predictor of net CO2 exchange, and that it captured both drought and vegetation effects consistently across a broad range of vegetation treatments. Further, we demonstrate for the first time that WI combined with CI explained a significant percentage of CH4 efflux (R2 = 0.32–0.57). Our results indicate that CI and WI together may be effective tools for detecting effects of altered hydrology and vegetation on northern Sphagnum‐peatland CH4 and CO2 emissions, with implications for detecting and modeling changes in emissions of greenhouse gases at scales ranging from the ecosystem to the Earth system.
Influence of the Amazon‐Orinoco Discharge Interannual Variability on the Western Tropical Atlantic Salinity and Temperature
Authors: Gévaudan M. , Durand F. , Jouanno J.
Published: June 2022

Over the last three decades, extreme floods have become increasingly frequent in the Amazon basin, affecting strongly the population and ecosystems of the area. However, the impact of these extreme events on the tropical Atlantic Ocean is still poorly known. In this study, we use a 1/4° coupled ocean‐atmosphere model to assess the impact of the runoff interannual variability on the sea surface salinity and sea surface temperature of the area. Twin sensitivity experiments are performed, forced alternatively with interannually‐varying and climatological river runoff. Composite fields for the highest floods and lowest floods are also compared. This combination of sensitivity tests and composite extremes allows to separate the effect of runoff interannual variability from the rest of the variability (typically driven by mixing, advection and precipitation). We show that the runoff interannual variability modulates the sea surface salinity of the Amazon plume with the same order of magnitude as the salinity variability driven by ocean dynamics and atmospheric forcing. However, due to vertical mixing, this oceanic imprint of the extreme floods is limited to a few months and a few hundred kilometers from the mouth. Years of extreme floods generally coincide with anomalous phases of the Atlantic Meridional Mode, which are associated with large‐scale sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Our results did not reveal any significant modulation of these temperature anomalies by the runoff interannual variability, at any time of the year, questioning the relevance of a hydrological feedback on the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature.
XNOR-Nets with SETs: Proposal for a binarised convolution processing elements with Single-Electron Transistors
Authors: Bheemireddy Varun
Published: June 2022

Deep neural network (DNN) and Convolution neural network (CNN) algorithms have significantly increased the accuracies in cutting-edge large-scale image recognition and natural-language processing tasks. Generally, such neural nets are implemented on power-hungry GPUs, beyond the reach of low-power edge-devices. The binary neural nets have been proposed recently, where both the input activations and weights are constrained to $$+$$
+
 1 and − 1 to address this challenge. Here in the present proof-of-concept study, we propose a simple class of mixed-signal circuits composed of single-electron devices and exploit the nonlinear Coulomb staircase phenomena to alleviate the challenges of binarised deep learning hardware accelerators. In particular, through SPICE modeling, we demonstrate the realisation of space-time-energy efficient XNOR-Accumulation (XAC) operation, reconfigurabilty of XAC circuit to perform 1D convolution and a busbar design to augment a contemporary accelerator. These nanoscale circuits could be readily fabricated and may potentially be deployed in low-power deep-learning systems.
Caecal microbiota composition of experimental inbred MHC-B lines infected with IBV differs according to genetics and vaccination
Authors: Borey Marion , Bed’Hom Bertrand , Bruneau Nicolas , Estellé Jordi , Larsen Frederik , Blanc Fany , der Laan Marie-Hélène Pinard-van , Dalgaard Tina , Calenge Fanny
Published: June 2022

Interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system may be involved in vaccine and infection responses. In the present study, we studied the interactions between caecal microbiota composition and parameters describing the immune response in six experimental inbred chicken lines harboring different MHC haplotypes. Animals were challenge-infected with the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and half of them were previously vaccinated against this pathogen. We explored to what extent the gut microbiota composition and the genetic line could be related to the immune response, evaluated through flow cytometry. To do so, we characterized the caecal bacterial communities with a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach performed one week after the IBV infectious challenge. We observed significant effects of both the vaccination and the genetic line on the microbiota after the challenge infection with IBV, with a lower bacterial richness in vaccinated chickens. We also observed dissimilar caecal community profiles among the different lines, and between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals. The effect of vaccination was similar in all the lines, with a reduced abundance of OTU from the Ruminococcacea UCG-014 and Faecalibacterium genera, and an increased abundance of OTU from the Eisenbergiella genus. The main association between the caecal microbiota and the immune phenotypes involved TCRϒδ expression on TCRϒδ+ T cells. This phenotype was negatively associated with OTU from the Escherichia-Shigella genus that were also less abundant in the lines with the highest responses to the vaccine. We proved that the caecal microbiota composition is associated with the IBV vaccine response level in inbred chicken lines, and that the TCRϒδ+ T cells (judged by TCRϒδ expression) may be an important component involved in this interaction, especially with bacteria from the Escherichia-Shigella genus. We hypothesized that bacteria from the Escherichia-Shigella genus increased the systemic level of bacterial lipid antigens, which subsequently mitigated poultry γδ T cells.
Trends and patterns of life satisfaction and its relationship with social support in Canada, 2009 to 2018
Authors: Su Yingying , D’Arcy Carl , Li Muzi , Meng Xiangfei
Published: June 2022

The present study aims to explore the trends and patterns of life satisfaction in Canada from 2009 to 2018 and to examine changes in the associations between social support and life satisfaction over time. Data were from ten annual Canadian Community Health Surveys (CCHS). Each survey represents 97% of the Canadian population. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of life satisfaction were calculated at the population level. Generalized linear regression was used to explore the relationship between life satisfaction and social support both nationally and in different population subgroups. The annual life satisfaction score gradually increased both at national and provincial levels from 2009 to 2018. Individuals who were women, aged between 12 and 19 years, living in rural areas, were most satisfied with their lives. There was a positive correlation between social support and life satisfaction for the provinces and the study years for which information on social support was available. Our findings suggest strengthening social support could be a public health target for promoting greater life satisfaction. Timely availability and analysis of life satisfaction and social support data could better inform policy and promote wellbeing at a population level.
Long-lasting reflexive and nonreflexive pain responses in two mouse models of fibromyalgia-like condition
Authors: Álvarez-Pérez Beltrán , Deulofeu Meritxell , Homs Judit , Merlos Manuel , Vela José Miguel , Verdú Enrique , Boadas-Vaello Pere
Published: June 2022

Nociplastic pain arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of tissue or somatosensory system damage, and fibromyalgia syndrome can be highlighted as a prototype of this chronic pain subtype. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatments to alleviate both reflexive and nonreflexive pain responses associated with fibromyalgia condition, and suitable preclinical models are needed to assess new pharmacological strategies. In this context, although in recent years some remarkable animal models have been developed to mimic the main characteristics of human fibromyalgia, most of them show pain responses in the short term. Considering the chronicity of this condition, the present work aimed to develop two mouse models showing long-lasting reflexive and nonreflexive pain responses after several reserpine (RIM) or intramuscular acid saline solution (ASI) injections. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that RIM6 and ASI mouse models show reflexive and nonreflexive responses up to 5–6 weeks, accompanied by either astro- or microgliosis in the spinal cord as pivotal physiopathology processes related to such condition development. In addition, acute treatment with pregabalin resulted in reflexive pain response alleviation in both the RIM6 and ASI models. Consequently, both may be considered suitable experimental models of fibromyalgia-like condition, especially RIM6.
Drivers of parasite communities in three sympatric benthic sharks in the Gulf of Naples (central Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Santoro Mario , Bellisario Bruno , Tanduo Valentina , Crocetta Fabio , Palomba Marialetizia
Published: June 2022

Sharks play a key role in the functioning of marine ecosystems and maintenance of trophic web balance, including life cycles of parasites co-occurring in their habitats. We investigated the structure of parasite communities of three sympatric shark species (Etmopterus spinax, Galeus melastomus, and Scyliorhinus canicula) and explored both the influence of host features in shaping the communities and their role as biological indicators of environment stability in the Gulf of Naples (central Mediterranean Sea), a geographical area characterized by strong anthropic pressure. Parasites found were all trophic transmitted helminths with a complex life cycle, except Lernaeopoda galei, that is a ecto-parasite copepod. Communities were all similarly impoverished with 4–5 component species and low values of species richness and diversity. Higher abundance of cestode larvae of the genus Grillotia was found in G. melastomus, although their dominance in all host species suggests that the three sharks have a similar role as intermediate/paratenic hosts in local food webs. Similarly, high abundance of Grillotia larvae could also suggest the occurrence of high abundance of largest top predators in the area. Host morphological (fork length in S. canicula and G. melastomus and body condition index in G. melastomus) and physiological (sex and gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices in S. canicula) variables were differently correlated to parasite community structures depending by host species. Potential reasons for the present impoverished parasite communities are discussed.
Prediction of SARS-CoV-2-positivity from million-scale complete blood counts using machine learning
Authors: Zuin Gianlucca , Araujo Daniella , Ribeiro Vinicius , Seiler Maria Gabriella , Prieto Wesley Heleno , Pintão Maria Carolina , dos Santos Lazari Carolina , Granato Celso Francisco Hernandes , Veloso Adriano
Published: June 2022

Background

The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a commonly used low-cost test that measures white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in a person’s blood. It is a useful tool to support medical decisions, as intrinsic variations of each analyte bring relevant insights regarding potential diseases. In this study, we aimed at developing machine learning models for COVID-19 diagnosis through CBCs, unlocking the predictive power of non-linear relationships between multiple blood analytes.

Methods

We collected 809,254 CBCs and 1,088,385 RT-PCR tests for SARS-Cov-2, of which 21% (234,466) were positive, from 900,220 unique individuals. To properly screen COVID-19, we also collected 120,807 CBCs of 16,940 individuals who tested positive for other respiratory viruses. We proposed an ensemble procedure that combines machine learning models for different respiratory infections and analyzed the results in both the first and second waves of COVID-19 cases in Brazil.

Results

We obtain a high-performance AUROC of 90 + % for validations in both scenarios. We show that models built solely of SARS-Cov-2 data are biased, performing poorly in the presence of infections due to other RNA respiratory viruses.

Conclusions

We demonstrate the potential of a novel machine learning approach for COVID-19 diagnosis based on a CBC and show that aggregating information about other respiratory diseases was essential to guarantee robustness in the results. Given its versatile nature, low cost, and speed, we believe that our tool can be particularly useful in a variety of scenarios—both during the pandemic and after.
Flow-induced-crystallization: tailoring host–guest supramolecular co-assemblies at the liquid–solid interface
Authors: Hu Yi , Zeng Xingming , Sahare Sanjay , Xie Rong-Bin , Lee Shern-Long
Published: June 2022

Here, we report that using the method of simply contacting a sample solution droplet with a piece of tissue paper can create a solvent flow (capillary force).
Enhanced photovoltaic output of bifacial perovskite solar cells via tailoring photoelectric balance in rear window layers with 1T-WS2 nanosheet engineering
Authors: Fan Lin , Lü Wanhong , Hu Wanting , Han Donglai , Yang Shuo , Wang Dandan , Mai Zhihong , Wang Fengyou , Liu Huilian , Yang Jinghai , Yang Lili
Published: June 2022

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid rear window layer (RWL) was constructed. The photoelectric balance of the hybrid RWL was improved by doping with 1T-phase WS2 (1T-WS2).
Estimation of electrical parameters of photovoltaic panels using heap‐based algorithm
Authors: Ginidi Ahmed R. , Shaheen Abdullah M. , El‐Sehiemy Ragab A. , Hasanien Hany M. , Al‐Durra Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Parameter estimation for solar photovoltaic (PV) models is a challenging issue due to the complex nonlinear multivariable of the current‐voltage and power‐voltage characteristics. In this article, an improved heap‐based algorithm (IHBA) is proposed to improve the performance of a recently published algorithm called heap‐based algorithm (HBA). The HBA's performance is enhanced by applying an effective exploitation feature to boost the searching around the leader position with the goal of enhancing its global search capabilities and avoiding becoming trapped in a local optimum. The proposed IHBA and the standard HBA are developed considering the practical limits of the electrical parameters of PV models to minimize the root mean square error (RMSE) between the experimental and simulated results. The numerical analyses for the PVM‐752GaAs PV module including single‐diode model (SDM), double‐diode model (DDM) and triple‐diode model (TDM) are investigated to estimate five, seven, and nine electrical parameters of these models, respectively. Besides, different recent optimization techniques are simulated with fair comparisons, which are forensic‐based investigation (FBI), equilibrium optimizer (EO), Jellyfish Search (JFS), HBA, Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA) and Enhanced MPA (EMPA), and are compared with the proposed IHBA. Several separate runs are illustrated for the proposed IHBA in comparison with others, whereas the whisker box plot and T‐tests are activated to evaluate their effectiveness metrics. The simulation results derive higher superiority of the proposed IHBA with the minimum RMSE objective and standard deviation of (0.000228 and 3.7 × 106), (0.000184 and 1.93 × 105) and (0.000017 and 2.11 × 105) for SDM, DDM, and TDM, respectively, with respect to the standard HBA, other recent and reported optimization techniques. Additionally, the P‐indicator is applied in this study to illustrate the evidence for the alternative hypothesis. Small values of the P‐indicator for the proposed IHBA are obtained compared to the standard HBA and other recent optimization techniques, where IHBA achieves p‐value of 1.0336 × 1017, 4.037 7× 1011 and 2.1490 × 1010 for SDM, DDM and TDM, respectively. The H‐value is always one which elucidates that the hypothesis probability is not more than 5% for all algorithms for SDM, DDM and TDM. Moreover, the proposed IHBA demonstrates higher efficiency as it provides the first ranks in the confidence interval values compared with other algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed IHBA is significantly employed for the SQ_150 PV module considering the TDM with diverse solar irradiance and temperatures, where significant closeness between the emulated and experimental P–V curves is evidently demonstrated.
Unterschiede in der Therapie entzündlich rheumatischer und
degenerativer Füße. Die Vorfußchirurgie
Authors: Hassel Kathryn
Published: June 2022

Der Unterschied zwischen rheumatischen und degenerativen Veränderungen am
Fuß liegt in der fortschreitenden Destruktion der Gelenke bei
persistierender Synovialitis der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA). Unter der heute
wirksameren immunsuppressiven Therapie und eines frühen und aggressiven
Beginns zeigen sich mildere Verlaufsformen. So können zunehmend auch
gelenkerhaltende Verfahren der Vorfußchirurgie Anwendung finden.
Entscheidend ist hier jedoch die Remission mit sicherer Krankheitskontrolle
für den gelenkerhaltenden Eingriff. Dennoch ist das Rezidiv- und
Fehlstellungsrisiko aufgrund wiederkehrender arthritischer Phasen höher.
Rheumaorthopädische Standardverfahren, wie die Arthrodese des
Großzehengrundgelenkes mit Resektion der Metatarsaleköpfchen
haben aber Ihren Stellenwert beim Vollbild des erosiven rheumatischen
Vorfußes nicht verloren. Ein standardisiertes Vorgehen fehlt. Umso
wichtiger ist es, mit jedem Patienten individuell die richtigen
Maßnahmen zu festzulegen.
Tendons and Tendon Sheaths of the Hand – An Update on MRI
Authors: Schmitt Rainer , Hesse Nina , Grunz Jan-Peter
Published: June 2022

Background The tendons of the hand run in close proximity to each other and within retinacular tunnels adjacent to articular joints, while forming intersections in characteristic locations. The enclosing tendon sheaths are often sites of systemic or infectious inflammation.

Method This review article outlines the different entities of tendon and tendon sheath pathology and their manifestation in the hands. Diagnostic findings in tendon and tendon sheath disorders are illustrated using MRI imaging and discussed in context with the current literature.

Results and Conclusion Overuse may cause stenosis in the fibrous outer layer of the retinacula and the A1 annular ligaments as well as tendinosis. In contrast, proliferative tenosynovitis is a disease of the synovial inner layer of the tendon sheath with tendon infiltration and tendinitis. Pyogenic tenosynovitis favors the flexor compartments. Because of the narrow spaces in the hand, a high-resolution MRI technique must be used.

Key Points: 

Citation Format
Acridine-Based SNS–Ruthenium Pincer Complex-Catalyzed Borrowing Hydrogen-Mediated C–C Alkylation Reaction: Application to the Guerbet Reaction
Authors: Srimani Dipankar , Biswas Nandita , Sharma Rahul , Sardar Bitan
Published: June 2022

SNS-based ruthenium pincer catalysts were applied in a Guerbet condensation reaction of primary alcohols to give β-alkylated dimeric alcohols in good yields. The ability of these complexes to convert ethanol into butanol was also investigated. The work was then extended toward the C-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols to give α-alkylated ketones. Several control experiments showed the involvement of borrowing hydrogen in the protocol.
The Overfilled Face
Authors: Fakih Nabil , Bertossi Dario , Vent Julia
Published: June 2022

The desire for longevity, beauty, and health is as old as the history of human culture. Minimizing tissue damage and invasive surgeries has led to a variety of options in the 21st century medicine. In the past 20 years, hyaluronic acid filler injections have thus become a popular modality of treatment for facial rejuvenation due to low costs for patients with immediately visible results. Ideally, the treated face looks natural. We aim at stopping time, maybe tweaking the handles of our clocks a bit backward to counteract aging processes, but creating a natural look and maintaining the individual appearance.