bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Student Acceptance and Perceptions of AI-Assisted PowerPoint Creation
Authors: Georgiev Svetoslav , Tinsley Joseph
Published: December 2024

Generative AI (GenAI) has had a disruptive effect on teaching and learning in Higher Education contexts. This paper addresses the need to examine students’ perceptions and acceptance of teacher GenAI usage in real world classroom settings. Using a qualitative research design, we explore the student acceptance and perceptions of AI-assisted learning materials (i.e., presentation slides generated by Microsoft PowerPoint Designer). The study draws its sample from one of the top transnational universities in China. Two rounds of focus group interviews with a total of 11 final-year undergraduate students majoring in Supply Chain Management were conducted in November 2023 in which students were asked to evaluate teacher PowerPoint slides created using AI assistance. Our analysis reveals that while students have a favourable opinion of instructor usage of AI-assisted PowerPoint slides, they are well-aware of the challenges and limitations of GenAI for PowerPoint creation and have substantial concerns with reference to the presentation slides’ design. Specifically, students expressed substantial concerns regarding AI-assisted PowerPoint content including structure, consistency between text and images, and even text font, size, and colour. This study contributes practical insights into the use of AI-assisted learning resources and the support needed for teachers and students to utilise these tools efficiently and in a way, which creates value.
Editorial: Moving Artificial Intelligence Scholarship: Navigating the AI Frontier in Higher Education
Authors: Vahed Anisa , Reis Charlie , Singh Shalini , Drumm Loiuse
Published: December 2024

The swift and pervasive rise of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly Generative AI (GenAI), is reshaping the educational landscape globally. As we navigate a future shaped by developments in AI, the need for critical engagement, ethical frameworks, and innovative learning designs becomes paramount. This special issue of AJIMS, titled Moving Artificial Intelligence Scholarship, emerges at a crucial juncture. Employers today expect graduates to embody an entrepreneurial mindset, possess higher-order literacies, and demonstrate global relevance beyond discipline-specific expertise. This issue interrogates how AI intersects with these expectations, advancing conversations about the future of higher education and professional practice development, particularly navigating the perspectives from China and South Africa. The eight papers in this issue reflect the complexities of integrating AI into education, offering perspectives that span disciplinary, institutional, and cultural contexts. They collectively underscore the transformative potential of AI while highlighting the ethical, relational, and pedagogical challenges it introduces. In this editorial, we synthesise the contributions of these works and their implications for academia.
O Atendimento Educacional Especializado e os desafios para a garantia da acessibilidade de pessoa com deficiência física no ambiente escolar
Authors: CORREIA SANTOS DILENE
Published: December 2024

Este artigo é um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso da Pós-Graduação em Atendimento Educacional Especializado – latu sensu. Este trabalho visa analisar os diversos desafios que são enfrentados pelo AEE (Atendimento Educacional Especializado) quanto à acessibilidade das pessoas e alunos que tem algum tipo de deficiência. Fez-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica em busca de contribuições de autores como: MAZZOTTA (1996); MANTOAN (2004); MANZINI (2006); MINETTO (2008) entre outros. Sabe-se que os conhecimentos adquiridos advêm de discussões, problemáticas e estudos, para tanto é importante que esteja sempre em busca de novos ensinamentos. O ambiente escolar é onde, a partir da convivência, encontra-se o ponto chave dessa pesquisa, as dificuldades de acessibilidade para pessoas com deficiência. Sendo assim percebe-se que o Atendimento Educacional Especializado se insere nesse contexto em busca de mudanças e auxilio para a melhora dos padrões existentes. Em meio aos resultados elenca-se que o atendimento especializado contribui para que melhore o quadro da falta de acessibilidade que está instalado no ambiente escolar, também permite que a comunidade escolar se envolva e a partir daí se conscientize e tome um posicionamento favorável à causa e também se una a sociedade para juntos alcançarem o maior número de beneficiados possível.
Assessing the Surface Urban Heat Island Effect in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: A Decadal Analysis Using Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery
Authors: Bensi Leonylyn P. , Esquivel Rosanna A.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) effect in Nueva Ecija, Philippines, utilizing Landsat 8 satellite imagery from 2013 to 2023 to analyze temperature differences between urban and rural areas. Through remote sensing and thermal analysis, we evaluated mean, maximum, and minimum surface temperatures across selected polygons, revealing substantial temperature disparities associated with urbanization. Results show an average SUHI intensity of 12.42°C, with urban areas reaching peak temperatures of 53.62°C, while rural regions recorded lower maximums at 49.91°C. These findings highlight the significant influence of urban environments on local thermal profiles and underscore the urgent need for sustainable urban planning to mitigate heat-related impacts. Future research should consider seasonal variations in SUHI intensity to better understand the dynamics of temperature changes in response to climate and vegetation shifts. Incorporating socio-economic data could further elucidate the SUHI’s effects on public health, energy use, and living conditions. Additionally, integrating ground-based temperature data is recommended to enhance accuracy, offering more detailed insights for urban planners and policymakers working toward resilient and sustainable urban growth.
Machine learning and network analysis for financial crime detection: Mapping and identifying illicit transaction patterns in global black money transactions
Authors: Arifur Rahman  , Pravakar Debnath  , Adib Ahmed  , Hossain Mohammad Dalim  , Mitu Karmakar  , Md Fakhrul Islam Sumon  , MD Azam Khan
Published: December 2024

The detection and prevention of malicious financial activities should be paramount for organizations in the US. Global economic integration, online banking, and increasing cases of cryptocurrency transactions have just increased the complexity of tracing illegal transactions. This research project examines the combined application and deployment of machine learning and network analysis in detecting black money transactions in the USA and globally. Machine learning and network analysis have emerged as a powerful mechanism in the fight against financial crime. Machine learning techniques, whereby systems learn through supervised and unsupervised learning, differ in that they can recognize patterns of financial data indicative of potentially fraudulent behavior. On the other hand, network analysis is one of the unique methods of detecting financial crimes, which derives power from presented relationships and interactions between sets of entities constituting transactional networks, such as people, companies, and accounts. This study used the Global Black Money Transactions dataset which revolved around financial transaction records involving unreported or illicit money, frequently for evading taxes, laundering money, or conducting illegal activities. Data come from financial institutions, government surveillance, whistleblowers, or investigations by the concerned law enforcement agencies. Rigorous data preprocessing steps were performed for the machine learning pipeline. In the current research project experiment, three machine learning algorithms were used: Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XG-Boost. The performance indicators involved a set of standard metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC, which stands for Area Under the Curve. Despite lower accuracy, the XG-Boost algorithm was the best-performing algorithm. In terms of Precision, it correctly detected and predicted crimes, while the other models failed. Concerning the F1 Score, XG-Boost had the highest F1 score, balancing precision and recall. As per the AUC outcome, slightly better than Random Forest, XG-Boost was more capable of distinguishing between crime and non-crime transactions.
Keywords: Black Money Transactions, Financial Crime, Machine Learning, Network Analysis, Mapping Illicit Transactions, XG-Boost, Random Forest, Logistic Regression
Subtypes of mental health difficulties and levels of resilience in Spanish adolescents
Authors: Piqueras Jose A. , Rico-Bordera Pilar , López-Fernández Francisco J. , Canals Josefa , Espinosa-Fernández Lourdes , Vivas-Fernández Manuel , Team PROCARE
Published: December 2024

Emotional and behavioral difficulties are common among adolescents, and the role of psychological resilience in mitigating their impact needs further investigation. This study aimed to examine profiles of mental health difficulties combined with resilience levels in 1,425 Spanish adolescents at-risk. The participants were 1425 adolescents (59.9% girls). Mental health profiles were determined using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) via Latent Profile Analysis and compared for sociodemographic variables and mental health associated variables. Five profiles emerged: Subclinical (16%), Externalizing Problems (19%), Internalizing Problems (22%), Low Risk (32.5%), and Well-Adjusted (10%). Females had higher risk. Well-Adjusted and Low-Risk profiles differed significantly in all variables. Well-Adjusted profile had the lowest distress and psychosocial difficulties, and the highest quality of life; while the Subclinical profile showed the opposite pattern. Identifying and validating risk groups for emotional and behavioral difficulties, considering resilience, enables interventions promoting emotional well-being and preventing mental health challenges.
Self-Description Questionnaire II-Short (SDQ-II-S): Measurement properties in Spanish adolescents
Authors: Pérez-Sánchez José A. , Castejón María A. , Parra-Plaza Francisco J. , Berengüí Rosendo
Published: December 2024

Self-concept is a fundamental construct that is related to many positive and negative aspects of life. It plays an essential role in adolescence, due to the important biological, social and psychological changes that occur at this stage, and is a determining factor in the academic environment. In order to have appropriate instruments for its assessment, the aim of the study was to analyse the measurement properties and adapt the short version of the Self-Description Questionnaire II (SDQ-II-S) in Spanish adolescent. A sample of 726 secondary school students aged between 12 and 18 years (M= 15.44, SD= 1.41) participated. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and invariance analysis were conducted. The different analyses confirmed the multidimensional structure of the questionnaire, with adequate factor loadings, satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices, convergent validity, and corroborated gender invariance. Composite reliability of the dimensions ranged from .70 to .92. In conclusion, the SDQ-II-S is an instrument with appropriate characteristics, valid and reliable for the assessment of self-concept in Spanish students in adolescence.
PEMBINAAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) GIRI BALI BAMBOO MELALUI PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI
Authors: Luh Kadek Budi Martini  , Mutria Farhaeni  , Ni Putu Widiastuti  , Putu Ade Wijana  , Anak Agung Istri Ngurah Dyah Prami
Published: December 2024

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a strategic role in national economic development. MSMEs have several advantages, including being able to overcome unemployment, namely being able to absorb labor, create new job opportunities, open new jobs, and also as a business solution for small communities. One of them is the Bali Giri Bamboo MSME which makes cutlery products using raw materials from bamboo, such as spoons, forks, glasses, tumblers, straws, bread knives, boxes for cosmetics and tissue holders. The solutions provided are (1) Procurement of machines/tools to increase the quantity and quality of production; (2) Training and assistance in using tools and making new products. The method used is providing technology in the form of tools and machines as well as providing training and assistance in using tools and making new products. The results of coaching for Bali Giri Bamboo MSMEs through the provision of tools in the form of lathe machines, drilling machines, complete packages of lathe holders, aluminum miter saws, magnetic drills, sitting planer machines, wood cutting table machines, wood profile machines, grinding machines, polishing grinding machines , round sanding machine, chuck set. Meanwhile, training and assistance makes, among other things: teapots, glasses, cosmetic containers, straws, bamboo speakers. By providing tools and training, it is hoped that Bali Giri Bamboo can improve product quality and quantity.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS LAYANAN HOMESTAY PONDOK SAYAN BONGKASA MELALUI PENDIDIKAN SIKAP PROFESI
Authors: Aristana I Nengah , Wardana I Made Aditya , Yogantara Komang Krishna , Artana I Wayan Arta
Published: December 2024

Industri perhotelan memiliki peranan yang penting dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Peranan industri perhotelan dirasakan sangat penting terutama dalam aspek-aspek seperti kesempatan kerja, pemerataan pendapatan, pembangunan ekonomi, dan lain-lain. Dewasa ini industri perhotelan di Indonesia semakin berkembangan dengan berbagai jenis usahanya, mulai dari hotel, Homestay, resort, dan home stay. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk mengisi pemahaman dasar terkait pemberian pelayanan, budaya dan sikap kerja kepada wisatawan yang datang menginap di Pondok Sayan Bongkasa. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, dialog, dan diskusi dalam rangka penyuluhan pemahaman dasar terkait pemberian pelayanan, pemahaman tentang budaya, dan peningkatan sikap kerja di Pondok Sayan Bongkasa. Berdasarkan pemaparan materi yang diberikan menjadi hal yang menarik untuk para karyawan, materi ini dapat tersampaikan serta diterima dengan baik. Berdasarkan pemaparan materi budaya dan lintas budaya yang diberikan menjadi pengetahuan yang menarik untuk para karyawan. Materi ini dapat tersampaikan serta diterima dengan baik, dengan akumulasi serapan yang baik. Materi sikap kerja dapat tersampaikan serta diterima dengan baik, dengan akumulasi serapan mencapai cukup baik.
Vapaasatamat ylikansallisen vallankäytön välineenä
Authors: Pitkämäki Akseli
Published: December 2024

Vapaasatamat ovat maailmanlaajuisesti yhä yleisempi järjestely tavoitella talouskasvua. Vapaasatamien hyödyllisyydestä ollaan tutkimuskirjallisuudessa ja päätöksenteon tasolla verrattain yksimielisiä huolimatta siitä, että kokeilujen lopputulokset harvoin täyttävät niille asetettuja tavoitteita. Vapaasatamia koskevassa talous- ja kauppatieteellisessä kir jallisuudessa poliittisuuden näkökulma on jäänyt paitsioon. Tämä artikkeli esittää, että vapaasatamia on syytä tutkia ennen kaikkea poliittisena ilmiönä. Tähän pyrkien artikkeli esittelee poliittisen talouden typologian vapaasatamille. Typologia tuo yhteen vapaasatamia ja niiden erilaisia muotoja koskevan relevantin tutkimuksen koostaen erilliset tutkimushaarat yhdeksi kokonaisuudeksi. Artikkeli pyrkii edistämään vapaasatamien tarkastelua valtioiden suvereniteettia murtavana ja ohittavana poliittisen vallankäytön välineenä. Vapaasatamien poliittisen talouden typologian kautta vapaasatamat näyttäytyvät laajana monikansallisten yritysten ja maailman superrikkaiden vallankäytön työkaluna. Tämä haastaa näkemystä vapaasatamista epäpoliittisina taloudellisina järjestelyinä.
Merging holography, fluorescence, and machine learning for in situ continuous characterization and classification of airborne microplastics
Authors: Beres Nicholas D. , Burkart Julia , Graf Elias , Zeder Yanick , Dailey Lea Ann , Weinzierl Bernadett
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The continued increase in global plastic production and poor waste management ensures that plastic pollution will be a serious environmental concern for years to come. Because of their size, shape, and relatively low density, plastic particles between 1 and 1000 µm in size (known as microplastics or MPs) emitted directly into the environment (“primary”) or created due to degradation (“secondary”) may be transported through the atmosphere, similarly to other coarse-mode particles such as mineral dust. MPs can thus be advected over great distances, reaching even the most pristine and remote areas of Earth, and may have significant negative consequences for humans and the environment. The detection and analysis of MPs once airborne, however, remains a challenge because most observational methods are offline and resource-intensive and, therefore, not capable of providing continuous quantitative information. In this study, we present results using an online in situ airflow cytometer (SwisensPoleno Jupiter; Swisens AG; Emmen, Switzerland) – coupled with machine learning – to detect, analyze, and classify airborne single-particle MPs in near real time. The performance of the instrument in differentiating between single-particle MPs of five common polymer types (including polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polyethylene terephthalate) was investigated under laboratory conditions using combined information about their size and shape (determined using holographic imaging) and fluorescence measured using three excitation wavelengths and five emission detection windows. The classification capability using these methods was determined alongside other coarse-mode aerosol particles with similar morphology or fluorescence characteristics, such as a mineral dust and several pollen taxa. The tested MPs exhibit a measurable fluorescence signal that not only allows them to be distinguished from other fluorescent particles, such as pollen, but also differentiated from each other, with high (> 90 %) classification accuracy based on their multispectral fluorescence signatures. The classification accuracies of machine learning models using only holographic images of particles, only the fluorescence response, and combined information from holography and fluorescence to predict particle types are presented and compared. The last model, using both the holographic images and fluorescence information for each particle, was the most optimal model used, providing the highest classification accuracy compared to employing models using only the holography or fluorescence response separately. The results provide a foundation for significantly improving the understanding of the properties and types of MPs present in the atmosphere.
Ocean circulation, sea ice, and productivity simulated in Jones Sound, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, between 2003–2016
Authors: Pelle Tyler , Myers Paul G. , Hamilton Andrew , Mazloff Matthew , Soderlund Krista , Beem Lucas , Blankenship Donald D. , Grima Cyril , Habbal Feras , Skidmore Mark , Greenbaum Jamin S.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Jones Sound is one of three critical waterways that regulate liquid exchange between the Arctic and northern Atlantic Oceans within the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. However, to date, no high-resolution ocean circulation model exists to study the recent evolution of Jones Sound, meaning that our understanding of circulation within the sound is based either on temporally and spatially sparse oceanographic observations or on extrapolating conditions within Baffin Bay, which has a more dense observational record. To address this, we developed a high-resolution (1/120°, 0.9 km) Jones Sound configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model and performed coupled ocean-sea ice-biological productivity simulations between 2003–2016 to investigate recent changes within this waterway. We find that circulation through Lady Ann Strait, Fram Sound, and Glacier Strait comprise 75 %, 14 %, and 11 % of the volumetric transport into and out of Jones Sound, with tidal flushing enhancing the magnitude and temporal variability of volumetric transport through all three waterways. Warming Atlantic Water within western Baffin Bay flows into Jones Sound through Lady Ann Strait, becomes well-mixed, and circulates counter-clockwise, encroaching on the terminus of most tidewater glaciers that line the eastern periphery of the sound. Furthermore, we find that sustained atmospheric and oceanic warming drive an 11 % reduction in the summertime sea ice extent, decreased wintertime sea ice thickness, and delayed onset of sea ice refreeze in the fall (thus lengthening the amount of time in which Jones Sound is ice free). Tidal flushing through Cardigan Strait is critical in triggering meltback of sea ice across northern Jones Sound. Lastly, this decline in sea ice increases light availability and coupled with warming of the subsurface waters in Jones Sound, facilitates enhanced primary productivity at ocean levels down to ~21 meters depth. While we note that the modeled warming signal in Baffin Bay is overestimated compared to observations, the results presented here improve our general understanding of how this critical waterway might change under continued polar amplified global warming and underscores the need for sustained oceanographic observations in this region.
A concept for sensor system developments using raw-milk monitoring as a case study
Authors: Koehne Maximilian , Henfling Michael , Amtmann Kristina , Stenzel Andreas , Buettner Andrea , Trupp Sabine , Zeh Gina , Sauerwald Tilman
Published: December 2024

Abstract. In this work, we present a concept for a raw-milk monitoring sensor system aiming at demonstrating a generalized approach for low-cost gas sensor system development in future. These systems are expected to be comparatively less expensive than conventional gas chromatography (GC) systems and can therefore likewise be used by farmers to monitor on-site storage as well as by dairy companies for the inspection of incoming milk and can thus play a significant role in counteracting the waste of milk and its products. This generalizable method is based on three steps: identification of potential milk degradation markers, quantification of these markers, and characterization of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors for these markers. In the first step, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC–flame ionization detector (GC-FID)/olfactometry (O) were used to tentatively identify 14 volatile substances in the headspace concentrations above the raw milk. From this, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol, acetic acid, and additionally ethanol and ethyl acetate were selected by cross-referencing our results with literature data. In addition, hexanal, 2-methyl-1-propanol, limonene, nonanal, 2-ethylhexan-1-ol, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, methyl hexadecanoate, and decanoic acid were identified but not selected as potential markers due to their properties being incompatible with gas mixing apparatus (GMA). In the second step, a proton transfer reaction–MS (PTR-MS) analysis was used to determine the concentration in the headspace, which is in the parts per billion (ppb) range. Investigations of good milk samples and bad milk samples from alpine farms showed that ethanol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol, and hexan-1-ol offered an increasing trend from good to bad milk samples. To enable more precise differentiation, further investigations with a higher sample size are necessary to reveal the feasibility of these markers within the complex matrix of raw milk. In the third step, these selected and literature-confirmed markers were presented to a commercially available sensor, run in a temperature-cycled operation and characterized by a self-developed system. When using ethanol, pentan-1-ol, and hexan-1-ol, a regression model with an accuracy of 42.9 ppb using partial least-squares regression (PLSR) analysis could be established, enabling such sensors to be used in raw-milk monitoring systems in the future.
Seasonal snow cover indicators in coastal Greenland from in situ observations, a climate model, and reanalysis
Authors: van der Schot Jorrit , Abermann Jakob , Silva Tiago , Rasmussen Kerstin , Winkler Michael , Langley Kirsty , Schöner Wolfgang
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Seasonal snow cover has important climatic and ecological implications for the ice-free regions of coastal Greenland. Here we present, for the first time, a dataset of quality-controlled snow depth measurements from nine locations in coastal Greenland with varying periods between 1997 and 2021. Using a simple modelling approach (Δsnow), we estimate snow water equivalent values solely based on the daily time series of snow depth. Snow pit measurements from two locations enable us to evaluate the Δsnow model. As there are very little in situ data available for Greenland, we then test the performance of the regional atmospheric climate model (RACMO2.3p2, 5.5 km spatial resolution) and reanalysis product (CARRA, 2.5 km spatial resolution) at the nine locations with snow observations. Using the combined information from all three data sources, we study spatio-temporal characteristics of the seasonal snow cover in coastal Greenland using the example of six ecologically relevant snow indicators (maximum snow water equivalent, melt onset, melt duration, snow cover duration, snow cover onset, and snow cover end date). In particular, we evaluate the ability of RACMO2.3p2 and CARRA to simulate these snow indicators at the nine different locations, perform a time series analysis of the indicators, and assess their spatial variability. The different locations have considerable spatial and temporal variability in snow cover characteristics, and seasonal maximum snow water equivalent (amount of liquid water stored in the snowpack) values range from less than 50 kg m−2 to greater than 600 kg m−2. The correlation coefficients between maximum snow water equivalent output from Δsnow and CARRA and RACMO are 0.73 and 0.48, respectively. Correlation coefficients are highest for maximum snow water equivalent and snow cover duration, and model and reanalysis output underestimate snow cover onset. We find little evidence of statistically significant (p<0.05) trends at varied periods between 1997 and 2021 except for the earlier onset of snowmelt in Zackenberg (−8 d per decade, p=0.02, based upon RACMO output). While we stress the need for context-specific validation, this study suggests that in most cases snow depth or snow water equivalent output from CARRA can describe spatial and temporal characteristics of seasonal snow cover, particularly changes in melt onset and snow cover end date.
A systematic review of the interrelations of urban form and mode choice in African cities
Authors: Nuuyandja Hilma , Pisa Noleen , Masoumi Houshmand , Chakamera Chengete
Published: December 2024

Rapid urbanization and informal urban development sweeping across African cities underscore a complex yet inadequately explored link between urban form and mode choice. Extensively studied in Western urban settings, these dynamics when applied to African cities remain a relatively unexplored realm, necessitating an extensive empirical review. This paper explores how various aspects of urban form correlate with mode choices in African urban contexts. A systematic review approach was used to filter journal papers published between 2000 and 2023 in Africa. The application of the (filtering) methodology identified 22 studies from the African region as most suitable for review. The review reveals that high-density and mixed-use areas in African cities significantly promote non-motorized transport and public transit. Infrastructure development and improved connectivity further enhance these sustainable modes. Socio-economic factors, governance policies, and cultural norms also play pivotal roles in shaping mode choices and urban mobility patterns. However, high-density cities like Abuja and Nairobi face unique challenges such as overcrowding in public transport and walking facilities. Sprawling cities like Lagos and Johannesburg struggle with inadequate public transport infrastructure, leading to a heavy reliance on private cars. Connectivity is crucial for supporting non-motorized and public transport, particularly for lower-income groups who rely more on these modes and para-transit services than higher-income groups. The findings highlight the need for tailored urban planning strategies to address these challenges and harness existing opportunities, promoting more sustainable, inclusive, and efficient urban transportation systems in African cities. Moreover, this study discloses existing research gaps that warrant further exploration.
The initial phase of a moderate magnetic storm on September 12, 2023, according to the mid-latitude network of LFM stations
Authors: Vybornov F.I. , Zykov E.Y. , Kolchev A.A. , Krasheninnikov I.V. , Padokhin A.M.
Published: December 2024

Приводятся результаты исследований ионосферы 12 сентября 2023 г. системой среднеширотных синхронно
работающих станций наклонного и ионозондов вертикального зондирования на главной фазе развития геомагнитной бури класса G1. На фоне регулярных отражений от F-слоя ионосферы были обнаружены сильные диффузные отражения от динамических структур авроральной ионосферы. Показано, что применение двух методов радиозондирования ионосферы позволило зарегистрировать отражения от различных крупномасштабных структур авроральной и субавроральной ионосферы: поляризационного джета и/или стабильных красных дуг (методом вертикального зондирования) и полярной стенки главного ионосферного провала (методом наклонного зондирования).
A method for monitoring geoinduced current and controlling the grounding mode of a neutral power transformer with increased geomagnetic activity
Authors: Kuvshinov A.A. , Vakhnina V.V. , Chernenko A.N. , Kretov D.A. , Fedyai O.V. , Pudovinnikov R.N.
Published: December 2024

Разработан способ мониторинга геоиндуцированного тока (ГИТ) в нейтрали силового трансформатора и управления режимом заземления через параллельно соединенные токоограничивающий резистор и тиристорный ключ с двухпозиционным гистерезисным управлением состояний «включен-выключен», который обеспечивает исходное состояние «включен» тиристорного ключа подачей управляющих импульсов, контролирует ток нейтрали датчиком тока на эффекте Холла, фиксирует появление геоиндуцированного тока фильтром нижних частот, шестой гармоники тока намагничивания полосовым фильтром и прекращает подачу управляющих импульсов, переводя тиристорный ключ в состояние «выключен». Предложены количественные критерии, позволяющие выбирать сопротивление заземляющего резистора, обеспечивающее ограничение ГИТ до безопасного для силового трансформатора уровня, не вызывающее насыщение магнитной системы. Показано, что фототиристоры с интегрированной в кремниевую структуру внутренней самозащитой от пробоя при прямых перенапряжениях и силовые кремниевые резисторы в качестве силовых компонентов позволяют реализовать разработанный способ мониторинга геоиндуцированного тока в нейтрали силового трансформатора и управления режимом заземления без дополнительного электрооборудования. Определен ожидаемый экономический эффект от внедрения разработанной системы мониторинга ГИТ.
Latitude-longitude patterns and a possible source of chevron-type geomagnetic pulsations Pc1
Authors: Parkhomov V.A. , Dovbnya B.V. , Tsegmed B. , Yeselevich V.G. , Rodionov A.V.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности магнитосферного отклика на воздействие диамагнитной структуры солнечного ветра, вызвавшего генерацию геомагнитных пульсаций Рс1 типа шеврон, зарегистрированных на сети магнитометров CARISMA и спутниках THEMIS 07.09.2023. Исследованы их связь с суббурей, широтно-долготные и частотные характеристики. На основе пространственно-временных закономерностей в распространении пульсаций и особенностей связи с суббурей, предложена гипотеза их происхождения в результате выброса суббуревого плазмоида из хвоста магнитосферы и его движения в системе конвекции магнитосферы западном направлении.
Diagnostics of the parameters of the auroral electron flux according to photometric measurements
Authors: Dashkevich J.V. , Ivanov V.E.
Published: December 2024

Предложены методики диагностики параметров потока высыпающихся во время полярных сияний электронов по данным фотометрических измерений интенсивностей излучения LBH полос молекулярного азота N2, полос первой отрицательной системы иона молекулярного азота N2 + и эмиссии 630.0 нм атомарного кислорода, а также методика восстановления спектра энергичных электронов по высотному профилю энерговыделения с использованием данных по интенсивности излучения полярного сияния в широком диапазоне длин волн. Показаны результаты оценок параметров авроральных электронов по фотометрическим данным, полученным в ходе экспериментов, проведенных в ПГИ.
Evolution of the structure of the polar ionosphere during the drift of the Earth's magnetic poles
Authors: Uvarov V.M.
Published: December 2024

С целью выяснить изменения в строении полярной ионосферы в ходе дрейфа магнитных полюсов Земли проведены расчеты электронной концентрации Ne для 1955 и 2024 годов. Результаты расчетов проиллюстрированы двумерными распределениями значений Ne в максимуме слоя F2. Графики изолиний Ne max F2, приведенные попарно для 1955 и 2024 годов для четырех моментов мирового времени, наглядно свидетельствуют о том, что впечатляющий дрейф магнитных полюсов не вызвал ожидаемых очень больших изменений в строении полярной ионосферы. Дано объяснение такой относительной устойчивости ионосферы к изменению положения магнитных полюсов Земли
Behavior of the middle atmosphere ozone in the winter 2023-2024 during heightened solar activity. The first observation of daily cycle of mesospheric ozone during polar day (midnight Sun)
Authors: Kulikov Y.Y. , Ryskin V.G. , Demkin V.M. , Balabin Y.V. , Demin V.I. , Kirillov A.S. , Losev A.V.
Published: December 2024

We present data continuous series of microwave observations of the middle atmosphere ozone in winter 2023-2024 above Apatity (67N, 33E). Measurements were carried out with the help of mobile microwave ozonemeter (observation frequency 110.8 GHz). The instrument allow to measure a spectrum of the emission ozone line for time about 15 min with a precision of ~ 2%. On the measured spectra were appreciated of ozone vertical profiles in the layer of 22 – 60 km which were compared to satellite data MLS/Aura. Besides we have executed continuous observations of ozone content within June, 14-15, 2023. Changes mesospheric ozone (60 km) during a summer solstice represented a quasi – periodic dependence on time with amplitude about 15%. In too time daily cycle of mesospheric ozone (altitude 60 km), connected with photochemical processes, and are not observed.
Harnessing the distinctive qualities of Lithuanian natural mineral water for SPA services and human health
Authors: Rapolienė Lolita , Raulušonytė Justina , Vasiliauskienė Erika , Šaparnienė Diana , Razbadauskas Artūras , Kurienė Giedrė , Bredelytė Aelita , Dailidienė Inga
Published: December 2024

Lithuania is rich in natural mineral waters and has a couple of centuries of history of using them for human health. The use of mineral water in medical SPAs has been popular since ancient times and continues to be important as a complement to modern medicine. Medical SPAs aim to achieve various health benefits by employing diverse types of mineral water with unique physicochemical compositions. The composition of mineral water used varies among different countries due to differences in hydrogeologic conditions, temperature, and chemical composition. While many countries have been investigating the properties of mineral water used for therapeutic purposes, scientifically grounded insights about the uniqueness of mineral water in Lithuanian medical SPAs are still limited. This study aims to investigate the physicochemical properties of mineral water used in Lithuanian medical SPAs and to evaluate their potential benefits for human health. To reach the research aim, a quantitative study was conducted in six of the most popular medical SPAs. The research results indicate that the mineral water used in medical SPAs is highly mineralized sodium chloride (salt) mineral water with significant calcium, magnesium, and sulphate levels. The mineral water is safe with regard to the presence of heavy metals. The tested mineral water could be used for the complementary treatment of nervous, rheumatic, skin, respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders.
»Nemo tenetur«-Grundsatz: Recht auf selbstbestimmte Kooperation
Authors: Pfeifer Michael
Published: December 2024

Der »nemo tenetur«-Grundsatz verbietet es den Strafverfolgungsbehörden, den Beschuldigten zur eigenen Selbstüberführung zu »missbrauchen«. Der Beschuldigte hat vielmehr das Recht, bei der Feststellung des Sachverhaltes seine Mitwirkung zu verweigern. Dieses grundsätzliche Mitwirkungsverweigerungsrecht zeigt sich augenscheinlich an der bekanntesten Ausprägung des »nemo tenetur«-Grundsatzes, nämlich dem Recht des Beschuldigten, auf die gegen ihn vorgebrachten Vorwürfe zu schweigen. Wie weit dieses Schutzrecht des Beschuldigten aber reicht, ist in Österreich schon seit längerer Zeit strittig. Das Hauptproblem dazu kann im österreichischen Verfassungsrecht identifiziert werden, an welchem sich das einfachgesetzliche Strafprozessrecht zu orientieren hat. Dazu steckt diese Arbeit in einem ersten Schritt die verfassungsrechtlichen Parameter des »nemo tenetur«-Grundsatzes ab. In einer umfassenden synoptischen Betrachtung der Rechtsprechungslinien des VfGH zum materiellen Anklageprinzip (Art 90 Abs 2 B-VG) und des EGMR zum Recht auf ein faires Verfahren (Art 6 EMRK) argumentiert der Autor für eine Harmonisierungsthese. Dabei verschmilzt beim verfassungsrechtlich gewährleisteten Recht auf selbstbestimmte Kooperation der liberale Charakter des materiellen Anklageprinzips mit der verfahrensrechtlichen Natur des Art 6 EMRK. In einem zweiten Schritt werden alle Ermittlungsmaßnahmen sowie Beweisaufnahmen der StPO im Lichte dieses Rechts auf selbstbestimmte Kooperation im Detail untersucht.
Kollektive Rechtsverfolgung - Kollektiver Rechtsschutz
Authors: Schuschnigg Artur
Published: December 2024

Kollektiver Rechtsschutz, neutraler ausgedrückt »kollektive Rechtsverfolgung«, ist in Europa in den letzten Jahren in den Fokus der politischen Debatte gerückt. Vorläufiger Höhepunkt ist die Erlassung der EU‑Verbandsklagenrichtlinie und ihre Umsetzung in die jeweiligen nationalen Rechtsordnungen. Instrumente kollektiver Rechtsverfolgung zielen darauf ab, eine größere Anzahl gleichartig gelagerter Ansprüche einheitlich in einem einzigen Verfahren kollektiv geltend zu machen. Die Interessen der auf Klägerseite gebündelt auftretenden Gruppe sowie jener, die sie vertreten und allenfalls finanzieren, sind vollkommen andere als jene der Unternehmen, die mit solchen kollektiven Mitteln geklagt werden. Kollektivverfahren stellen alle Beteiligten vor besondere Herausforderungen. Der Gesetzgeber ist dazu aufgerufen, solche kollektiven Verfahrensarten effizient und wohlausgewogen zu gestalten. Unsachliche Bevorzugungen des klagenden Kollektivs sollten ebenso vermieden werden wie Vorverurteilungen. Das vorliegende Werk behandelt zentrale Diskussionspunkte der kollektiven Rechtsverfolgung und zeigt auf, wie unterschiedlich staatliche Gesetzgeber versuchen, mit diesen Herausforderungen umzugehen.
Periodismo deportivo con enfoque científico: un estudio de caso a partir de la experiencia del diario LUN de Chile
Authors: Martin-Neira Juan-Ignacio , Rojas-Torrijos José-Luis
Published: December 2024

El periodismo deportivo a lo largo de los años ha debido encontrar nuevas y mejores vías para comunicarse con audiencias que están cada vez más necesitadas de contenido especializado y dinámico. Informar sobre cómo las actividades deportivas pueden ofrecer un enfoque científico interesante se ha convertido en una posibilidad ideal para diversificar los tradicionales contenidos de la disciplina y atraer a nuevos públicos. Este artículo analiza 83 noticias deportivas con enfoque científico publicadas el año 2023 por el diario chileno LUN. Se pretende así conocer cómo se está desarrollando este tipo de informaciones, descubrir nuevos contenidos y recursos formales del periodismo deportivo, además de identificar las fuentes y desentrañar cómo se complementan los contenidos de ciencia en estas noticias. Del mismo modo, se conversa con el subeditor deportivo del periódico para conocer desde el interior del medio cómo se trabajan los enfoques científicos asociados al deporte. Los resultados evidencian las posibilidades que tiene el periodismo deportivo para producir otros contenidos que pueden resultar de interés general para su público a través de la divulgación científica. Sin embargo, la cobertura acaba replicando patrones informativos tradicionales del periodismo deportivo, al predominar artículos del área de la salud y sobre el fútbol. Esta investigación pone de relieve las posibilidades del periodismo deportivo con enfoque científico para enriquecer o diversificar su cobertura informativa y, con ello, agrandar su radio de acción para llegar a variadas audiencias.
Teoría y práctica de la corrupción: triangulación metodológica sobre la opinión de los periodistas acerca de los escándalos y su cobertura real
Authors: Berganza Rosa , Herrero Jiménez Beatriz , Ortiz-González Azahara
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo trata de discernir si la percepción que tienen los periodistas españoles sobre cómo se recogen los escándalos de corrupción coincide con la forma en que estos son cubiertos realmente en los medios de comunicación nacionales. Para ello, se ha realizado una triangulación de dos técnicas de investigación: así, se llevó a cabo una encuesta a 391 periodistas, además de un análisis de contenido de 334 piezas periodísticas en cinco medios distintos de un caso paradigmático de escándalo de corrupción, el del rey emérito de España, Juan Carlos I. Los resultados muestran que la percepción de los periodistas sobre la cobertura de la corrupción en general y la cobertura que realmente se hizo en dicho caso específico coinciden únicamente en dos de los aspectos medidos: la polarización que existe en torno al caso y la individualización del escándalo en la figura del principal acusado, sobre el cual se puso gran atención como responsable de los hechos. Por el contrario, sí se aprecian discrepancias entre ambas técnicas en el grado de contextualización de los escándalos, el sensacionalismo, así como en el interés por la vida privada del acusado. De este modo, se puede observar que la percepción que tienen los periodistas españoles de la manera en que se cubren los escándalos difiere notablemente de la que en realidad se publica en los medios nacionales. Por último, no aparecen diferencias significativas entre medios en papel y digitales ni en cuanto a la imagen que se tiene entre los profesionales de la cobertura del escándalo ni en cómo se cubre realmente este fenómeno..
Construcción de la masculinidad en la infancia. Transiciones del Preescolar a la Primaria
Authors: Guevara Ruiseñor Elsa Susana , Torres Guevara Manuel David
Published: December 2024

Con el objetivo de identificar cómo se gestan procesos de construcción de la masculinidad en el espacio escolar desde los primeros años de infancia, las transiciones que viven los niños entre los 3 y los 12 años de edad, así como el papel que juegan las niñas en estos procesos, se realizó una observación etnográfica en una escuela de preescolar y una escuela Primaria situadas en el estado de Michoacán. La observación se hizo en el patio durante la hora de recreo. Se utilizaron tres ejes de análisis: tipos de juego, uso de espacios físicos e interacción entre pares. En el preescolar se pudo observar que los niños más pequeños (3 años), compartían sus juegos casi por igual con las niñas, mientras los niños más grandecitos (5 años), ya se organizaban preferentemente por sexo, en actividades donde interviene la fuerza física y aparecen formas incipientes de “cortejo” o “acoso” hacia las niñas. Entre los niños de Primaria, se acentúa el distanciamiento de las niñas y lo “femenino” al tiempo que se fortalece lo masculino asociado a la competencia, la fuerza y las destrezas físicas. Se analizan las implicaciones adversas que tiene para niños y niñas esta socialización de género y se propone diseñar materiales educativos que permitan a los niños contar con otros referentes simbólicos para vivir la masculinidad desde otras coordenadas éticas y políticas.
Impact of adding different levels of Iraqi probiotic on the relative weight and length of the small intestine of Chinese white ducks.
Authors: Marzouk Alaa
Published: December 2024

This study was conduct in one of Private fields for ducks rearing at Samawa city,
from 14 December 2021 to 10 February 2022. 75 1 day, 42 gm, Pekin duckchicks
were used, were brought from Diwaniyah local markets, put at a closed house and
divided into a group of pens, 4 treatments in addition to the control, the one treatment
contain 3 replecates, and each replicate had five birds. Experimentale treatments
were: T1: control (no additive). T2, T3, T4 and T5 were adding the Iraqi probiotic at a
rate of 2.50, 5.00, 7.50 and 10.00 gm per kg of diet. Results indicated T5 was an
increase in the percentage of both weight and length of the small intestine in all its
parts occurred in the treatment compared to the control treatment.
Integrating the Relationship Between Exponents of the Utility Function and the Proportion of the Substitution and Income Effects of the Slutsky Equation into the Microeconomics Literature
Authors: Azim Parvez , Gondal Shabbir Ahmad , Amin Azka
Published: December 2024

The primary purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between exponents of a linearly homogeneous (Cobb-Douglass type ) utility function and magnitude of the substitution effect (SE) and income effect (IE) in both the Slutsky and Hicks approaches. It is explored that when the price of a good with a larger exponent in the utility function increases the income effect is greater than the substitution effect, and the converse holds when the price of a good with a relatively smaller exponent increase. When exponents of both goods in the utility function are of the same magnitude, the income and substitution effects are equal irrespective of whether the price of the good or good  changes. This concept has not been explored before and thus, it should be included in Microeconomics literature. It has also been shown that for a given utility function the ratios of the utility elasticities of the goods equal the ratio of the income and substitution effects.  Also, the Marshallian demand curve is more price elastic than the Slutsky demand curve which is more elastic than the Hicks demand curve.