bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistência de soja a insetos: X. Comportamento de cultivares e linhagens em relação a percevejos e desfolhadores
Authors: Lourenção André L. , Miranda Manoel A.C. , Pereira José C.V.N.A. , Ambrosano Gláucia M.B.
Published: November 2006

Avaliou-se o comportamento de linhagens e cultivares de soja de ciclos precoce, semi-precoce, médio e semi-tardio em relação à infestação de percevejos e de insetos desfolhadores, em condições de campo, nas localidades paulistas de Campinas (ano agrícola 1993/94) e de Ribeirão Preto (1994/95). Dentro do germoplasma de ciclo precoce e semi-precoce (IAC 100, IAC 17, IAS 5, IAC Holambra Stuart-2 e IAC 83-311) não se observou comportamento diferenciado em relação a insetos desfolhadores (principalmente Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner e, em menor proporção, coleópteros crisomelídeos) nas duas localidades, porém, detectaram-se diferenças entre os genótipos em relação ao ataque dos percevejos Piezodorus guildinii (West.) (predominante), Nezara viridula (L.) e Euschistus heros (Fabr.). Considerando-se os critérios porcentagem de dano nas vagens e retenção foliar, IAC 83-311 e IAS-5 foram os de pior desempenho, ao passo que, tomando-se o fator produção, apenas IAS-5 diferiu dos demais, sendo o mais suscetível. O germoplasma de ciclo médio e semi-tardio abrangeu onze linhagens do programa de melhoramento de soja do Instituto Agronômico e três cultivares (IAC 14, IAC 8 e IAC PL-1). Quanto aos insetos desfolhadores, houve diferenças entre os tratamentos: a linhagem IAC 78-2318 confirmou sua resistência enquanto IAC PL-1 sofreu as maiores injúrias foliares, exibindo alta suscetibilidade. Os critérios de avaliação de danos de percevejos permitiram também discriminação desses genótipos de ciclo médio e semi-tardio; considerando-se a produção, a maioria das linhagens teve bom comportamento, com médias acima das das três cultivares, a despeito das altas populações de percevejos.
Ciências em trânsito, objetos complexos: práticas e discursos socioambientais
Authors: Floriani Dimas
Published: November 2006

O artigo aborda a discussão sobre epistemologia ambiental e teoria social, considerando o conflito entre os modelos tradicionais de ciência e os atuais, em transição. O conflito da modernidade tecno-científica se expressa também pela imposição de padrões hegemônicos na produção de conhecimento e pelos estilos de vida decorrentes desses padrões. O principal desafio para viabilizar um novo diálogo de saberes é inserir esse debate no interior de um pensamento complexo em construção, que exige novos olhares e práticas epistemológicas, filosóficas e políticas.
Análise ambiental: estudo bioclimático urbano em centro histórico
Authors: Araújo Bianca Carla Dantas de , Caram Rosana
Published: November 2006

As cidades estão crescendo, expandindo suas fronteiras e população. O aumento indiscriminado da industrialização e urbanização nos últimos anos tem afetado o número de construções urbanas e, conseqüentemente, provocado degradações e impactos ambientais. Desta forma, a cidade introduz modificações climáticas, sendo portanto, o clima urbano um exemplo da modificação do clima local pelo homem. Repensar tal questão hoje é refletir sobre a qualidade de vida na cidade, permitindo o controle do conforto ambiental, do consumo energético e dos impactos ambientais. Os centros históricos são objetos de discussão neste contexto, pois passam por processos de revitalização sem considerar as condições de conforto, fato que pressupõe a análise ambiental como alternativa para estudo. Desta forma, a pesquisa estuda as condições de conforto ambiental sob um enfoque bioclimático no bairro da Ribeira, o qual guarda a história da cidade de Natal/RN. Ainda pouco se estabelecem estudos de caso sobre a questão da bioclimatologia em centros urbanos no Brasil. Assim, propõe-se discutir e analisar dados das variáveis ambientais registrados no bairro, como forma de adicionar o estudo do conforto ambiental à preocupação de revitalização e preservação do centro histórico que ali se encontra, buscando o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável.
Gestational prognostic factors in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion
Authors: Caetano Marcos Roberto , Couto Egle , Passini Junior Renato , Simoni Renata Zaccaria , Barini Ricardo
Published: November 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks and is associated with several etiological factors related to genetics, anatomy, hormones, infections and immunology, for example. Many cases of RSA remain unclear. New factors or their associations may influence gestational results. The aim was to identify possible single or associated causes of RSA that could predict gestational prognosis for women undergoing investigation and treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control study, at the Recurrent Abortion Outpatient Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). METHODS: Two hundred and forty-six medical records of women with RSA seen at the Recurrent Abortion Outpatient Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), between 1994 and 2003, were evaluated. Data on age, obstetric history, possible etiological factors, treatment and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using odds ratios (OR), logistic regression analysis and decision trees. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-nine women were included in the study. The most frequently found etiological factors were immunological, particularly alloimmune factors (93.9%). Women with a single alloimmune factor had better gestational results (77.7% deliveries) than those with other associated factors. Autoimmune factors were associated with a higher abortion rate (OR: 4.30; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.36-13.63). No association was found between the number of abortions prior to treatment and pregnancy results. Women aged 40 or over presented the highest rate of spontaneous abortion (OR: 5.83; 95% CI: 1.12-30.40). CONCLUSION: Age over 40 years old, immunological factors and two or more concomitant factors were associated with poor gestational outcomes among the women studied.
Impact on hospital mortality and morbidity of right ventricular involvement among patients with acute left ventricular infarction
Authors: Pereira Afonso Celso , Franken Roberto Alexandre , Sprovieri Sandra Regina Schwarzwälder , Golin Valdir
Published: November 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There is uncertainty regarding the risk of major complications in patients with left ventricular (LV) infarction complicated by right ventricular (RV) involvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on hospital mortality and morbidity of right ventricular involvement among patients with acute left ventricular myocardial infarction. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective cohort study, at Emergency Care Unit of Hospital Central da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. METHODS: 183 patients with acute myocardial infarction participated in this study: 145 with LV infarction alone and 38 with both LV and RV infarction. The presence of complications and hospital death were compared between groups. RESULTS: 21% of the patients studied had LV + RV infarction. In this group, involvement of the dorsal and/or inferior wall was predominant on electrocardiogram (p < 0.0001). The frequencies of Killip class IV upon admission and 24 hours later were greater in the LV + RV group, along with electrical and hemodynamic complications, among others, and death. The probability of complications among the LV + RV patients was 9.7 times greater (odds ratio, OR = 9.7468; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.8673 to 33.1325; p < 0.0001) and probability of death was 5.1 times greater (OR = 5.13; 95% CI: 2.2795 to 11.5510; p = 0.0001), in relation to patients with LV infarction alone. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with LV infarction with RV involvement present increased risk of early morbidity and mortality.
Preliminary results from digestive adaptation: a new surgical proposal for treating obesity, based on physiology and evolution
Authors: Santoro Sérgio , Velhote Manoel Carlos Prieto , Malzoni Carlos Eduardo , Milleo Fábio Quirino , Klajner Sidney , Campos Fábio Guilherme
Published: November 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Most bariatric surgical techniques include essentially non-physiological features like narrowing anastomoses or bands, or digestive segment exclusion, especially the duodenum. This potentially causes symptoms or complications. The aim here was to report on the preliminary results from a new surgical technique for treating morbid obesity that takes a physiological and evolutionary approach. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case series description, in Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein and Hospital da Polícia Militar, São Paulo, and Hospital Vicentino, Ponta Grossa, Paraná. METHODS: The technique included vertical (sleeve) gastrectomy, omentectomy and enterectomy that retained three meters of small bowel (initial jejunum and most of the ileum), i.e. the lower limit for normal adults. The operations on 100 patients are described. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was nine months (range: one to 29 months). The mean reductions in body mass index were 4.3, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1 and 10.7 kg/m², respectively at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 months. All patients reported early satiety. There was major improvement in comorbidities, especially diabetes. Operative complications occurred in 7% of patients, all of them resolved without sequelae. There was no mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure creates a proportionally reduced gastrointestinal tract, leaving its basic functions unharmed and producing adaptation of the gastric chamber size to hypercaloric diet. It removes the sources of ghrelin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and resistin production and leads more nutrients to the distal bowel, with desirable metabolic consequences. Patients do not need nutritional support or drug medication. The procedure is straightforward and safe.
Complications and risk factors in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies
Authors: Jesus Carlos Márcio Nóbrega de , Corrêa Luiz Antônio , Padovani Carlos Roberto
Published: November 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate biopsy is not a procedure without risk. There is concern about major complications and which antibiotics are best for routine use before these biopsies. The objective was to determine the rate of complications and the possible risk factors in prostate biopsies. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective study, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. METHODS: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsies were carried out in 174 patients presenting either abnormality in digital rectal examinations (DRE) or levels higher than 4 ng/ml in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests, or both. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic complications were the most common (75.3%), while infectious complications occurred in 19% of the cases. Hematuria was the most frequent type (56%). Urinary tract infection (UTI) occurred in 16 patients (9.2%). Sepsis was observed in three patients (1.7%). The presence of an indwelling catheter was a risk factor for infectious complications (p < 0.05). Higher numbers of biopsies correlated with hematuria, rectal bleeding and infectious complications (p < 0.05). The other conditions investigated did not correlate with post-biopsy complications. CONCLUSIONS: Post-biopsy complications were mostly self-limiting. The rate of major complications was low, thus showing that TRUS guided prostate biopsy was safe and effective. Higher numbers of fragments taken in biopsies correlated with hematuria, rectal bleeding and infectious complications. An indwelling catheter represented a risk factor for infectious complications. The use of aspirin was not an absolute contraindication for TRUS.
The burden of injury in Brazil, 2003
Authors: Gawryszewski Vilma Pinheiro , Rodrigues Eugênia Maria Silveira
Published: November 2006

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Since 1980, injuries have been the second biggest cause of death among the Brazilian population. This study aimed to analyze national data on fatal injuries and nonfatal injury hospitalization in Brazil, for 2003. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a population-based descriptive study, Brazil, 2003. METHODS: Data from 126,520 fatal injuries and 733,712 nonfatal injuries seen at public hospitals were analyzed. The data were stratified by sex, age, intent and injury mechanism. Raw and age- and sex-specific rates were calculated per 100,000 individuals. RESULTS: The raw injury mortality rate was 71.5/100,000 (122.6/100,000 for male and 22.0/100,000 for female). For fatal injuries, the proportions of unintentional and intentional injuries were equal (44.3% and 46.9%, respectively). Homicides were the leading cause, 40.3% overall (28.8/100,000), followed by transport-related deaths, 26.2% overall (17.0/100,000). For nonfatal injuries, the rate was 414.8/100,000 and unintentional injuries were predominant (88.9%). Overall, the leading cause was unintentional falls, accounting for 42.6% of victims treated in public hospitals (176.8/100,000). Transport-related injuries were second: 15.0% overall; 62.0/100,000. Fractures comprised 46.7% of principal diagnoses at hospitals. The injury types in the fatal and nonfatal datasets varied according to sex and age. The highest rates were found among young males and elderly people. CONCLUSIONS: Injury prevention activities need to be developed. To prevent deaths, homicide has to be addressed. Among hospitalized cases, falls are the most important problem. Traffic-related injuries play an important role in morbidity and mortality.
Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula: a rare complication of gallbladder disease
Authors: Cruz Junior Ruy Jorge , Nahas Jorge , Figueiredo Luiz Francisco Poli de
Published: November 2006

CONTEXT: Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous abscess or fistula is an extremely uncommon complication secondary to cholecystitis. Over the past 50 years fewer than 20 cases of spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistulas have been described in the medical literature. We here report a case of subcutaneous gallstone as a rare clinical presentation of the already uncommon cholecystocutaneous fistula. CASE REPORT: An 81-year-old man presented with a large subcutaneous abscess in the right subcostal area with surrounding cellulitis and crepitus. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed two subcutaneous gallstones and communication between the abscess and the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy was performed and the abdominal wall abscess was drained externally. This case report demonstrates that maintaining a high degree of suspicion of this rare entity is helpful in achieving correct preoperative diagnosis, and that computed tomography scan should be performed in all cases of unexplained abdominal wall suppuration or cellulitis.
Análise da validade dos itens do Movement Assessment of Infants - MAI - para crianças pré-termo
Authors: Lacerda Tatiana Teixeira Barral de , Magalhães Lívia de Castro
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVOS: examinar a validade de constructo do Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI), teste composto por 65 itens, agrupados em quatro seções, que é usado para detectar paralisia cerebral. MÉTODOS: a amostra incluiu 73 bebês pré-termo brasileiros, avaliados aos quatro e aos oito meses de idade corrigida. Foram feitas análises individuais para as duas idades, com uso do modelo estatístico Rasch. RESULTADOS: o MAI é uma escala fácil para o nível de habilidade dos bebês avaliados, tanto aos quatro quanto aos oito meses de idade. Alguns itens não se enquadram nas expectativas de unidimensionalidade do modelo estatístico, o que compromete a validade de constructo do teste. CONCLUSÕES: diferenças no nível de dificuldade dos itens aos quatro e oito meses reafirmam a necessidade de perfis distintos de desempenho para cada idade. Apesar das limitações, o teste tem aspectos positivos, sendo apresentadas sugestões para revisão, visando melhorar sua validade.
Perfil das gestantes infectadas pelo HIV atendidas em pré-natal de alto risco de referência de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Romanelli Roberta Maia de Castro , Kakehasi Fabiana Maria , Tavares Maria do Carmo Teatini , Melo Victor Hugo , Goulart Lucia Horta Figueiredo , Aguiar Regina Amélia Lopes Pessoa , Pinto Jorge Andrade
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVOS: identificar gestantes infectadas pelo HIV em centro de referência e investigar características refe-rentes à infecção e paridade. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, que abrangeu toda a população de gestantes infectadas pelo HIV assistidas no Pré-Natal de Alto Risco do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, em 2004. Foram coletados dados demográficos, epidemiologia da infecção pelo HIV e história obstétrica. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o SPSS 12.0. RESULTADOS: foram identificadas 85 mulheres com média de idade de 29,1 anos e 90 gestações. Em 55 gestações (61,1%), as mulheres tinham conhecimento prévio da infecção. Sessenta e quatro (71,1%) informavam união estável. Provavelmente, todas adquiriram o HIV em relações heterossexuais. Cinqüenta e quatro (60%) tiveram o diagnóstico durante alguma gravidez. A média global de gestações foi 3,5, sendo 1,71 após o diagnóstico. Pacientes com diagnóstico prévio apresentaram maior média de gestações, em relação àquelas com diagnóstico na gestação estudada (p = 0,002). Oitenta e seis gestantes usaram anti-retroviral, sendo 56,7% por indicação terapêutica. Não foram verificados casos de transmissão vertical. CONCLUSÕES: novas gestações em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV não são raras, apesar dos recursos de contracepção oferecidos. Assim, outras investigações são necessárias para a identificar suas dificuldades não abordadas durante a assistência médica de rotina.
Identification of wastewater dissolved organic carbon characteristics in reclaimed wastewater and recharged groundwater
Authors: Fujita Yoshiko , Ding Wang‐Hsien , Reinhard Martin
Published: November 2006

Nonvolatile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in reclaimed wastewaters and groundwater was characterized and indicators of wastewater origin were identified. Over 50% of the DOC in activated carbon and reverse osmosis effluents was classified as hydrophilic, and no humic acid was isolated. In groundwater partially recharged by the reclaimed wastewaters, only 16% of the DOC was hydrophilic, 50% of the DOC was fulvic acid, and humic acid was recovered. The H:C ratios of the isolated fulvic acids were higher in the wastewaters and recharged groundwater than in deep well water not affected by recharge. N:C ratios in the wastewater and recharged groundwater fulvic and humic acid fractions were also higher than in the deep well water. The 1H NMR spectra of the effluent and recharged groundwater fulvic acid fractions exhibited a characteristic fingerprint pattern, indicating a correlation between origin and spectral appearance. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of specific trace organic compounds, including EDTA and alkylphenol polyethoxylate residues, in the wastewaters and recharged groundwater.
Enhancement of granulation and start‐up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Wirtz Randall A. , Dague Richard R.
Published: November 2006

The phenomenon of granulation was studied in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (ASBRs) treating a synthetic sucrose wastewater. The objective was to study methods of minimizing the time typically required for start‐up of anaerobic processes, such as the ASBR. Specifically, it was hypothesized that development of a granular biomass soon after initial start‐up of the ASBR would significantly decrease the overall time required to achieve given organic and hydraulic loading rates. Laboratory‐scale ASBRs were seeded with anaerobically digested municipal biosolids and operated until granulation was observed or for a period of 5 months without granule development, whichever occurred first. Granule development was measured by determination of the average particle diameter of a representative sample of biosolids from the ASBRs. Granulation enhancements were added to the ASBRs to initiate early granule development and to aid in start‐up. Enhancements included powdered activated carbon, granular activated carbon, silica sand, garnet, polymers, and ferric chloride. The cationic polymer had the most beneficial effects on granulation enhancement, reducing the time required to form granules by approximately 75% compared to an un enhanced control ASBR.
The Effects of Web-Based American Music, Lyrics, Definitions, and Explanations on Taiwanese ESL Learners
Authors: Beasley Robert E. , Chuang Yuangshan
Published: November 2006

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of American music, lyrics, vocabulary definitions, and song explanations during online music study on listening comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and lifestyle literacy in Taiwanese ESL learners. One-hundred-eight ESL learners from 2 large comprehensive universities in Taiwan participated. The results of this study suggest that online music study (as carried out in this particular investigation) does not improve listening comprehension skills in ESL learners. In addition, the results suggest that simply listening to online music does not increase vocabulary level in ESL learners. Instead, the addition of written lyrics and hypertext links to definitions of key terms is required to improve vocabulary level significantly. Finally, the results suggest that simply listening to online music does not improve lifestyle literacy in ESL learners. Instead, the addition of written lyrics is required to improve lifestyle literacy significantly.
Electronic Nursing Notes: A Case Study on Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Authors: Howard Elizabeth V. , Teets Janet
Published: November 2006

In an interdisciplinary collaboration between the Computer & Information Technology (CIT) and Nursing (NSG) Departments at the Middletown and Hamilton regional campuses of Miami University (of Ohio), student team members created a Web-based application to create Electronic Nursing Notes. Students from the two departments worked together to design and develop the application, which will be used by the Nursing Department to teach their students. The NSG students were the customers and provided samples of a paper-based system currently used by the hospital where the nurses worked. From those samples, and with much interaction with the NSG students, the CIT students created the Electronic Nursing Notes application. In this article, we describe the project and present reactions from both the student team members and also the faculty team members.
Statistics at a Distance: Technological Tools, Learning, and Design Features for Today's Modern Course
Authors: Mills Jamie D. , Xu Yuejin
Published: November 2006

The purpose of this article is to present a theoretical framework of learning and to develop a pedagogical (TTRACE) model that might be useful to teachers teaching statistics online or at a distance. We describe our graduate-level hybrid statistics course and the technological tools we utilized to illustrate how our model and design features can be applied in a real teaching context. We share our teaching and learning experiences, discuss what others in the field have learned, and offer suggestions to assist others in designing and improving similar courses.
ADHD Pharmacotherapy and Mortality in Individuals With ADHD
Authors: Li Lin , Zhu Nanbo , Zhang Le , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , D’Onofrio Brian M. , Brikell Isabell , Lichtenstein Paul , Cortese Samuele , Larsson Henrik , Chang Zheng
Published: March 2024

Importance

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased risks of adverse health outcomes including premature death, but it is unclear whether ADHD pharmacotherapy influences the mortality risk.

Objective

To investigate whether initiation of ADHD pharmacotherapy was associated with reduced mortality risk in individuals with ADHD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In an observational nationwide cohort study in Sweden applying the target trial emulation framework, we identified individuals aged 6 through 64 years with an incident diagnosis of ADHD from 2007 through 2018 and no ADHD medication dispensation prior to diagnosis. Follow-up started from ADHD diagnosis until death, emigration, 2 years after ADHD diagnosis, or December 31, 2020, whichever came first.

Exposures

ADHD medication initiation was defined as dispensing of medication within 3 months of diagnosis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

We assessed all-cause mortality within 2 years of ADHD diagnosis, as well as natural-cause (eg, physical conditions) and unnatural-cause mortality (eg, unintentional injuries, suicide, and accidental poisonings).

Results

Of 148 578 individuals with ADHD (61 356 females [41.3%]), 84 204 (56.7%) initiated ADHD medication. The median age at diagnosis was 17.4 years (IQR, 11.6-29.1 years). The 2-year mortality risk was lower in the initiation treatment strategy group (39.1 per 10 000 individuals) than in the noninitiation treatment strategy group (48.1 per 10 000 individuals), with a risk difference of −8.9 per 10 000 individuals (95% CI, −17.3 to −0.6). ADHD medication initiation was associated with significantly lower rate of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.88) and unnatural-cause mortality (2-year mortality risk, 25.9 per 10 000 individuals vs 33.3 per 10 000 individuals; risk difference, −7.4 per 10 000 individuals; 95% CI, −14.2 to −0.5; HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.86), but not natural-cause mortality (2-year mortality risk, 13.1 per 10 000 individuals vs 14.7 per 10 000 individuals; risk difference, −1.6 per 10 000 individuals; 95% CI, −6.4 to 3.2; HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.05).

Conclusions and Relevance

Among individuals diagnosed with ADHD, medication initiation was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality, particularly for death due to unnatural causes.
Adolescent Δ8-THC and Marijuana Use in the US
Authors: Harlow Alyssa F. , Miech Richard A. , Leventhal Adam M.
Published: March 2024

Importance

Gummies, flavored vaping devices, and other cannabis products containing psychoactive hemp-derived Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are increasingly marketed in the US with claims of being federally legal and comparable to marijuana. National data on prevalence and correlates of Δ8-THC use and comparisons to marijuana use among adolescents in the US are lacking.

Objective

To estimate the self-reported prevalence of and sociodemographic and policy factors associated with Δ8-THC and marijuana use among US adolescents in the past 12 months.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationally representative cross-sectional analysis included a randomly selected subset of 12th-grade students in 27 US states who participated in the Monitoring the Future Study in-school survey during February to June 2023.

Exposures

Self-reported sex, race, ethnicity, and parental education; census region; state-level adult-use (ie, recreational) marijuana legalization (yes vs no); and state-level Δ8-THC policies (regulated vs not regulated).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was self-reported Δ8-THC and marijuana use in the past 12 months (any vs no use and number of occasions used).

Results

In the sample of 2186 12th-grade students (mean age, 17.7 years; 1054 [48.9% weighted] were female; 232 [11.1%] were Black, 411 [23.5%] were Hispanic, 1113 [46.1%] were White, and 328 [14.2%] were multiracial), prevalence of self-reported use in the past 12 months was 11.4% (95% CI, 8.6%-14.2%) for Δ8-THC and 30.4% (95% CI, 26.5%-34.4%) for marijuana. Of those 295 participants reporting Δ8-THC use, 35.4% used it at least 10 times in the past 12 months. Prevalence of Δ8-THC use was lower in Western vs Southern census regions (5.0% vs 14.3%; risk difference [RD], −9.4% [95% CI, −15.2% to −3.5%]; adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 0.35 [95% CI, 0.16-0.77]), states in which Δ8-THC was regulated vs not regulated (5.7% vs 14.4%; RD, −8.6% [95% CI, −12.9% to −4.4%]; aRR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.23-0.74]), and states with vs without legal adult-use marijuana (8.0% vs 14.0%; RD, −6.0% [95% CI, −10.8% to −1.2%]; aRR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.35-0.91]). Use in the past 12 months was lower among Hispanic than White participants for Δ8-THC (7.3% vs 14.4%; RD, −7.2% [95% CI, −12.2% to −2.1%]; aRR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.34-0.87]) and marijuana (24.5% vs 33.0%; RD, −8.5% [95% CI, −14.9% to −2.1%]; aRR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.59-0.94]). Δ8-THC and marijuana use prevalence did not differ by sex or parental education.

Conclusions and Relevance

Δ8-THC use prevalence is appreciable among US adolescents and is higher in states without marijuana legalization or existing Δ8-THC regulations. Prioritizing surveillance, policy, and public health efforts addressing adolescent Δ8-THC use may be warranted.
Institutional and Regional Variation in Opioid Prescribing for Hospitalized Infants in the US
Authors: Keane Olivia A. , Ourshalimian Shadassa , Lakshmanan Ashwini , Lee Henry C. , Hintz Susan R. , Nguyen Nam , Ing Madeleine C. , Gong Cynthia L. , Kaplan Cameron , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I.
Published: March 2024

Importance

High-risk infants, defined as newborns with substantial neonatal-perinatal morbidities, often undergo multiple procedures and require prolonged intubation, resulting in extended opioid exposure that is associated with poor outcomes. Understanding variation in opioid prescribing can inform quality improvement and best-practice initiatives.

Objective

To examine regional and institutional variation in opioid prescribing, including short- and long-acting agents, in high-risk hospitalized infants.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study assessed high-risk infants younger than 1 year from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022, at 47 children’s hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). The cohort was stratified by US Census region (Northeast, South, Midwest, and West). Variation in cumulative days of opioid exposure and methadone treatment was examined among institutions using a hierarchical generalized linear model. High-risk infants were identified by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes for congenital heart disease surgery, medical and surgical necrotizing enterocolitis, extremely low birth weight, very low birth weight, hypoxemic ischemic encephalopathy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and other abdominal surgery. Infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, in utero substance exposure, or malignant tumors were excluded.

Exposure

Any opioid exposure and methadone treatment.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Regional and institutional variations in opioid exposure.

Results

Overall, 132 658 high-risk infants were identified (median [IQR] gestational age, 34 [28-38] weeks; 54.5% male). Prematurity occurred in 30.3%, and 55.3% underwent surgery. During hospitalization, 76.5% of high-risk infants were exposed to opioids and 7.9% received methadone. Median (IQR) length of any opioid exposure was 5 (2-12) cumulative days, and median (IQR) length of methadone treatment was 19 (7-46) cumulative days. There was significant hospital-level variation in opioid and methadone exposure and cumulative days of exposure within each US region. The computed intraclass correlation coefficient estimated that 16% of the variability in overall opioid prescribing and 20% of the variability in methadone treatment was attributed to the individual hospital.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study of high-risk hospitalized infants, institution-level variation in overall opioid exposure and methadone treatment persisted across the US. These findings highlight the need for standardization of opioid prescribing in this vulnerable population.
The effect of aggressive fantasizing on aggressive inclinations: Moderating effects of dispositional anger expression
Authors: Twardawski Mathias , Angerl Eva‐Maria , Lobbestael Jill
Published: March 2024

Experiencing victimization or mistreatment often induces feelings of anger. The catharsis hypothesis suggests that venting anger may aid in alleviating these negative emotions. Although this hypothesis has faced criticism, therapeutic interventions rooted in catharsis are employed to assist victims in managing their anger. One notable application of the catharsis principle in psychotherapeutic practice with victims involves engaging in aggressive fantasies: Victims who harbor aggressive fantasies against their offenders are supported in working with these fantasies to navigate the complex emotions arising from their victimization. Research investigating the effects of aggressive fantasizing on victims has yielded inconsistent findings, with some studies indicating positive and others suggesting negative outcomes. Herein, we examine whether (instructed) aggressive fantasizing diminishes (catharsis hypothesis) or heightens (escalation hypothesis) subsequent aggressive inclinations compared to non‐aggressive fantasizing. Additionally, the moderating role of victims' dispositional tendencies to express anger, specifically Anger Expression‐out and Anger Expression‐control, in the relationship between aggressive fantasizing and aggressive inclinations was examined. We recruited individuals (N = 245) who had experienced victimization through highly unfair treatment and instructed them to imagine confronting their wrongdoer using either aggressive or non‐aggressive communication. Participants then reported their aggressive inclinations. Data supported the escalation hypothesis, revealing that aggressive fantasizing amplifies subsequent aggressive inclinations. Importantly, individuals with higher Anger Expression‐out demonstrated greater susceptibility to this effect; whereas, Anger Expression‐control did not moderate the link between aggressive fantasizing and inclinations. These findings further challenge the catharsis hypothesis and underscore the role of dispositional anger expression tendencies on the effects of aggressive fantasizing.
No gadolinium K‐edge detected on the first clinical photon‐counting computed tomography scanner
Authors: Baubeta Erik , Laurin Gadsböll Eva , Will Leon , Holmquist Fredrik , Aurumskjöld Marie‐Louise
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to elucidate whether gadolinium contrast in clinically relevant doses can be used with photon‐counting computed tomography (PCCT) as an alternative contrast agent in clinical applications.

Material/methods

A CTDI phantom with 3D printed rods filled with different concentrations of gadolinium and iodine contrast was scanned in a PCCT and an energy‐integrated computed tomography (EICT). Attenuation values at different monoenergetic steps were extracted for each contrast concentration.

Results

For PCCT, gadolinium reached an attenuation >100 HU (103 HU) at 40 keV with a concentration 5 mmol/L whereas the same level was reached at 50 keV (118 HU) for 10 mmol/L and 90 keV (114 HU) for 25 mmol/L. For iodine, the same level of attenuation was reached at 100 keV (106 HU) with a concentration 8.75 mg I/mL.

For EICT the lowest gadolinium contrast concentration needed to reach >100 HU (108 HU) was 10 mmol/L at 50 keV. For 25 mmol/L 100 HU was reached at 100 keV. For iodine contrast 108 HU was reached at 110 keV for 8.75 mg I/mL.

Conclusion

No K‐edge potential or difference in attenuation curves between iodine and gadolinium contrast is detected on the first clinical available PCCT. Clinically relevant attenuation levels were barely achieved in this setting with gadolinium concentrations approved for human use. The results of this study suggest that, given current scanning technology, gadolinium is not a clinically useful contrast agent for computed tomography because no K‐edge was detected.
Short term power load forecasting system based on improved neural network deep learning model
Authors: Yuan Lulu
Published: March 2024

The electricity load prediction is closely related to production and daily life. The electricity load prediction is also a very important task. With the widespread application of smart grids, load data shows an exponential growth trend. The huge amount of data in the load makes power prediction even more difficult. On the basis of traditional prediction algorithms, a power load prediction model based on machine learning and neural networks is designed. Because the single model prediction has the unstable results, a combined model is obtained based on the ensemble learning idea and two single model prediction method. The prediction results are detected by the load data. From the experimental results, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the AdaBoost‐GRU data fusion model is 0.066%. Compared to the AdaBoost‐GRU data fusion model, the MAPE decreases by 1.59% and 1.12%, respectively. The relative mass scores of the two groups decrease by 132.57% and 89.14%, respectively. The prediction accuracy is improved, which has advantages compared to traditional combination models. It can effectively enhance the accuracy of short‐term power grid load forecasting. It is an important scientific and practical reference for power grid decision‐making.
Weakly Polar Ether‐Aided Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Enables High‐Performance Sodium Metal Batteries over Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Liu Yang , Lu Suwan , Wang Zhicheng , Xu Jingjing , Weng Shixiao , Xue Jiangyan , Tu Haifeng , Zhang Fengrui , Liu Lingwang , Gao Yiwen , Li Hong , Zheng Jieyun , Wu Xiaodong
Published: March 2024

Sodium (Na) metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted many attentions because of high specific capacity and low redox potential. However, SMBs encounter several crucial challenges including Na dendrites growth, severe interfacial side reactions and safe issues from liquid organic electrolyte. In this study, a non‐flammable 1,2‐bis (1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethoxy) ethane (TFEE) aided ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte (TILE) is reported with sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) salt and N‐methyl‐N‐propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([Py13][FSI]) IL solvent. The IL solvent contains plentiful organic cations and anions, which helps to provide a cationic shielding effect by [Py13]+ cations and regulate the Na+ solvation structure with more FSI− and TFSI− anions. The unique solvation structure of Na+ facilitates a stable inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), effectively inhibiting unstable Na deposition and suppressing side reactions between the electrolyte and Na‐metal in SMBs. Therefore, the Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP)||Na cells with TILE can deliver good rate capability and superior cycling performance with capacity retention of 95.5% and Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.9% after 2000 cycles at 5C rate and 25 °C. The high‐voltage NaNi0.33Fe0.33Mn0.33O2(NFM)||Na cells with TILE can also deliver good cycling performance with capacity retention of 92% after 150 cycles in the voltage range of 2.0–4.1 V at 0.5C rate and 25 °C.
Efficient Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Bright White Emission from Hybrid Indium‐Based Perovskites via Achiral Building Blocks
Authors: Du Liping , Zhou Qiwei , He Qingqing , Liu Yan , Shen Yueqi , Lv Huijun , Sheng Lingling , Cheng Tao , Yang Hao , Wan Li , Fang Yuan , Ning Weihua
Published: March 2024

Chiral organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) exhibit exceptional optical and chiral properties, demonstrating potential for 3D display, circularly polarized light‐emitting diodes (CP‐LEDs), and CPL switches. However, the construction of chiral OIHPs often relies on chiral building blocks, limiting chemical diversity, and possessing challenges in achieving large asymmetry factor (glum) without sacrificing photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Here, Chiral DMA4In1‐xSbxCl7 (DMA = dimethylammonium, x = 0 to 1) with superior circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are successfully constructed based on achiral building blocks DMA+ and metal halides. By optimizing the Sb3+ content, bright white emission with a high PLQY of 69.13% is achieved, as well as near‐unity PLQY yellow emission and strong CPL signals with a glum of up to +1.40 × 10−2, exhibiting a performance comparable to state‐of‐the‐art chiral OIHPs. Combining optical characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that these intriguing properties originate from the intrinsic chiral helical structures and a pair of perfect complementary color emissions in DMA4In1‐xSbxCl7. In addition, DMA4In1‐xSbxCl7 exhibit excellent thermal stability and mild thermal quenching in the temperature range of 300 to 420 K. These fascinating properties suggest that DMA4In1‐xSbxCl7 have significant applications in white light‐emitting diodes (WLED), 3D displays and anti‐counterfeiting.
High‐Temperature Wettable Water‐Based Lubricants toward Hot Rolling Lubrication
Authors: Hai Ao , Li Shisen , He Jiaqi , He Shaofan , Dai Haoyu , Liu Xubo , Sun Jianlin , Dong Zhichao , Jiang Lei
Published: March 2024

Water‐based lubricants have attractive properties compared to flammable oily lubricants but in high‐temperature environments remain a tricky challenge due to the Leidenfrost effect‐induced poor wettability once contacting sufficiently hot surfaces. Herein, a surfactant‐modified Laponite nanoclay (LNC), as a prototype water‐based lubricant with considerable lubricity, exhibits spontaneous high‐temperature wettability by which the Leidenfrost point (LFP) can be improved above ≈350 °C on crude stainless steels, increasing by ≈140°C compared to pure water. The inter‐particle attractions between LNC nanoplates increase the liquid viscosity, causing viscous force of bulk water near the substrate, allowing in situ deposition of LNC layers on the hot surface to trigger three‐phase contact line (TCL) pinning. As a basis, wettable lubricants are further optimized on their lubricity by intercalating zwitterionic surfactants between LNC nanoplates, thereby reducing friction coefficient to ≈0.1. The LNC lubricants have been demonstrated in a four‐ball tribometer to simulate hot rolling lubrication, providing insights for high‐temperature metal processing, and potential applications in mechanical engineering and the aerospace field.
Tailored Cation–Anion Coordination in Carbonate Electrolyte Enabling a Rigid‐Flexible Compact Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase for Potassium Batteries
Authors: Ni Ling , Zhang Shu , Li Chuanchuan , Lu Jie , Li Junfeng , Wang Jinzhi , Zhang Shenghang , Chen Guansheng , Zhang Zengqi , Sun Fu , Xu Gaojie , Cui Zili , Cui Guanglei
Published: March 2024

Potassium batteries have received extensive attention as a promising grid‐level storage technology. However, the anodes in potassium batteries using conventional carbonate‐based electrolyte systems always suffer from severe capacity deterioration, due to the heterogeneous and highly swollen solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. Herein, a rigid‐flexible compact SEI consisting of rigid inner KF layer and flexible crosslinked oligomeric K–B(OCH2CH2)n (modified KEO), is designed by tailoring cation–anion coordination in 1 m carbonate electrolyte based on the main salt—potassium perfluorinated pinacolatoborate, (KB(O2C2(CF3)4)2, abbreviated as KPFB). Specifically, the KPFB tunes K+−anions coordinated configuration in K+ solvation sheaths by unique spatial structure and strong electron‐withdrawing effect of its eight −CF3 groups. With the assistance of rigid‐flexible compact SEI layer, the potassium metal symmetric cells stably cycle for more than 1600 hours in the conventional carbonate electrolyte (1 m KPFB‐EC/DEC). Moreover, K||graphite and K||Prussian blue (PB) batteries adopting this conventional carbonate electrolyte can operate for more than 500 and 120 cycles with high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% and 99.4%, respectively. The work provides new insights in customizing salt anion structure to reinforce SEI layer for high‐performance potassium batteries.
Multi‐Scale Design of Metal–Organic Framework Metamaterials for Broad‐Band Microwave Absorption
Authors: Qu Ning , Xu Guoxuan , Liu Yekun , He Mukun , Xing Ruizhe , Gu Junwei , Kong Jie
Published: March 2024

The development of nanocomposite microwave absorbers is a critical strategy for tackling electromagnetic pollution. However, challenges persist regarding material stability and achieving broadband absorption. Herein, a novel multi−scale design approach for metamaterial absorbers is proposed. First, a series of bimetallic (cobalt and copper) semiconductive metal–organic framework (SC−MOF) crystals with atomically resolved structures are successfully prepared to serve as building blocks for metamaterials. By simply adjusting the concentration ratio of the two ions, the controllable preparation of crystal morphology can be achieved. This enables to precisely tune the absorption peak and bandwidth range of the SC−MOF, resulting in excellent EMW absorption performance (effective absorption bandwidth: 6.16 GHz, minimum reflection loss: −61 dB). Based on this, printable inks are further constructed by encapsulating the SC−MOF in polydimethylsiloxane and 3D‐printed multi−layered metamaterial absorbers based on woodpile porous architecture. The metamaterial absorber demonstrates a near‐perfect absorption in the microwave spectrum (with a bandwidth of 11.33 GHz), closely matching theoretical simulations. This multi−scale design approach, combining precise MOF materials construction with topological structure design, offers new insights for the development of broadband microwave absorbers.
A Self‐Assembled 3D Model Demonstrates How Stiffness Educates Tumor Cell Phenotypes and Therapy Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Liu Ying , Okesola Babatunde O. , Osuna de la Peña David , Li Weiqi , Lin Meng‐Lay , Trabulo Sara , Tatari Marianthi , Lawlor Rita T. , Scarpa Aldo , Wang Wen , Knight Martin , Loessner Daniela , Heeschen Christopher , Mata Alvaro , Pearce Oliver M. T.
Published: March 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a dense and stiff extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with tumor progression and therapy resistance. To further the understanding of how stiffening of the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to aggressiveness, a three‐dimensional (3D) self‐assembling hydrogel disease model is developed based on peptide amphiphiles (PAs, PA‐E3Y) designed to tailor stiffness. The model displays nanofibrous architectures reminiscent of native TME and enables the study of the invasive behavior of PDAC cells. Enhanced tuneability of stiffness is demonstrated by interacting thermally annealed aqueous solutions of PA‐E3Y (PA‐E3Yh) with divalent cations to create hydrogels with mechanical properties and ultrastructure similar to native tumor ECM. It is shown that stiffening of PA‐E3Yh hydrogels to levels found in PDAC induces ECM deposition, promotes epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), enriches CD133+/CXCR4+ cancer stem cells (CSCs), and subsequently enhances drug resistance. The findings reveal how a stiff 3D environment renders PDAC cells more aggressive and therefore more faithfully recapitulates in vivo tumors.