bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics between a prey and a predator using spectral collocation method
Authors: Thirumalai Sagithya , Seshadri Rajeswari , Yuzbasi Suayip
Published: April 2019

The struggle for the existence of the biological species is a well-known Prey–Predator model study in the literature. In this study, we present an improved model of Jerri [J. Abdul, Introduction to Integral Equations with Applications, Vol. 10 (Wiley, New York, 1999)] by introducing the intra-species competition term between the same species in addition to the existing environmental changes and few other factors in the model. The demand from the existing (limited) resources and other requirements induces competition between the same species which may alter the survival tactics among themselves. This intra-species term provides strength to the model as it makes the model more realistic. The governing equations are a system of two nonlinear delay integro differential equations, which are solved using spectral collocation method. The role of intra-species coefficients denoting the logistic growth/decay of the two species and two other parameters affecting the population dynamics are analyzed with the three basis functions such as Chebyshev, Legendre and Jacobi polynomials. With the help of simple matrix analysis, the governing equations are converted into a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. Detailed error estimation is computed to compare our results with the existing methods. It is shown with the help of tables and figures that the present method is very efficient, has better accuracy and has least computational cost.
Design of a Hybrid Aerial Robot with Multi-Mode Structural Efficiency and Optimized Mid-Air Transition
Authors: Low Jun En , Sufiyan Danial , Win Luke Soe Thura , Soh Gim Song , Foong Shaohui
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we explore a novel multi-mode hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). We combine a tailless fixed-wing with a dual-wing monocopter such that the craft’s propulsion systems and aerodynamic surfaces are fully utilized in both a horizontal cruising mode and a vertical hovering mode. This maximizes the structural efficiency across the flight envelope, thereby reducing drag and unused mass while airborne in either flight mode. This UAV is also designed such that the transition between the two flight modes can be executed in mid-air, using only its existing flight actuators and sensors — there are no transition specific actuators. Using two prototypes, the foundational design and control of the system is established; the first explores the hovering mode characteristics of the unique dual-wing monocopter configuration, while the second explores the full multi-mode capabilities of the combined platform. In addition to analytical simulations, the prototypes are experimentally evaluated and assessed to demonstrate the feasibility, viability and potential of this multi-mode aerial robot design.
A New Calculating Method of Pressure Response Time of Pneumatic Brake Pipe Based on Experiments
Authors: Gu Zhiqiang , Hu Shiyu , Yang Fan , Yang Rui , Hua Jian
Published: April 2019

Air brake system is one of the common braking methods for buses and trucks; its excellent performance guarantees the safety of the vehicle and the stability of the braking. As an important part of the pneumatic brake system, the brake pipe is an important factor influencing the pressure response time of the pneumatic brake system. Based on the exploratory experiment of pneumatic brake pipe, the influence of pipe length, pipe diameter, inlet sonic conductance, initial pressure, and supply pressure on pipe pressure response time was analyzed by fuzzy gray correlation analysis method. The results show that tube length is the most important factor affecting the pressure response time. Combined with the analysis results of gray correlation degree, the experimental scheme of the response time of the pneumatic brake pipe was designed by the response surface experimental design method. Based on the multiparameter analysis method, the influence of the experimental parameters on the pipe pressure response time was analyzed. Based on the experimental data, the form of calculation formula is derived by dimension analysis method, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of pneumatic brake pipes and the design of air brake system.
Critical Chain Design Structure Matrix Method for Construction Project Scheduling under Rework Scenarios
Authors: Ma Guofeng , Hao Keke , Xiao Yu , Zhu Tiancheng
Published: April 2019

Rework risks have been a major challenge in the construction industry that constantly affects project schedules and threatens on‐time project completion. Traditional project scheduling methods are not capable of modeling rework relationships between activities and mitigating the impact of resulting uncertainties during the development of project schedules. To address this challenge, a critical chain design structure matrix (CCDSM) method is proposed in this paper. The CCDSM method aims to develop construction project schedules that are adaptive to rework scenarios and robust against rework risks. The CCDSM method models and displays large‐scale rework relationships among activities and introduces a new rework buffer to quantitatively represent the impact of rework instances in project schedules. A max‐plus algorithm is adopted in CCDSM to transform complex logic relationships into simple matrix operations, reducing computational load of schedule generation. A case study was conducted to demonstrate the implementation of the CCDSM method and assess its effectiveness in addressing rework risks. The results showed that the CCDSM is a promising tool to generate schedules, which could improve on‐time project completion rate and reduce impacts of varying rework scenarios on project execution.
Successful Surgical Treatment of an Infected Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Accompanied with Leriche Syndrome
Authors: Furui Masato , Hirata Hirohisa , Kakii Bunpachi , Uchino Gaku , Asanuma Mai , Suzuki Haruo , Nishioka Hiroaki , Yoshida Takeshi
Published: April 2019

A 56-year-old man presenting with massive melena and loss of consciousness was diagnosed with an infected thoracoabdominal aneurysm, an aortoduodenal fistula, and Leriche syndrome following an evaluation by computed tomography. Emergency surgery for uncontrolled infection included the reconstruction of the superior mesenteric and bilateral renal arteries using a four-branched graft. The aortoduodenal fistula was resected after omental filling, and an enterostomy was performed for feeding. Intestinal reconstruction was performed in two stages. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 48 and was without evidence of recurrence at 23 months postoperatively.
Thermodynamic Entropy in Quantum Statistics for Stock Market Networks
Authors: Wang Jianjia , Lin Chenyue , Wang Yilei
Published: April 2019

The stock market is a dynamical system composed of intricate relationships between financial entities, such as banks, corporations, and institutions. Such a complex interactive system can be represented by the network structure. The underlying mechanism of stock exchange establishes a time‐evolving network among companies and individuals, which characterise the correlations of stock prices in the time sequential trades. Here, we develop a novel technique in quantum statistics to analyse the financial market evolution. We commence from heat bath analogy where the normalised Laplacian matrix plays the role of the Hamiltonian operator of the network. The eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian specify energy states of the network. These states are occupied by either indistinguishable bosons or fermions with corresponding Bose‐Einstein and Fermi‐Dirac statistics. Using the relevant partition functions, we develop the thermodynamic entropy to explore dynamic network characterisations. We conduct the experiments to apply this novel method to identify the significant variance in network structure during the financial crisis. The thermodynamic entropy provides an excellent framework to represent the variations taking place in the stock market.
Comparative Study between Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Peel and Pars Plana Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique for Management of Traumatic Full Thickness Macular Holes
Authors: Ghoraba Hammouda Hamdy , Leila Mahmoud , Ghoraba Hashem , Heikal Mohamed Amin , Elgemai Emad Eldin Mohamed
Published: April 2019

Purpose. To compare the efficacy of PPV and ILM peel versus PPV and IFT in patients with traumatic FTMH.Methods. Retrospective interventional comparative case series including two groups of patients with traumatic FTMH. Patients were divided into group I (ILM peel) and group II (IFT). The main outcome measure was closure of the macular hole and restoration of the foveal microstructure. The independent-samplesT-test and ANOVA test were used to study the mean between 2 groups and calculate thePvalue, whereas the bivariate correlation procedure studied the interaction between the variables tested.Results. Group I included 28 patients. Mean preoperative MLD was 757µm. Mean preoperative BCVA was approximately 20/320. Group II included 12 patients. Mean preoperative MLD was 529.5µm. Mean preoperative BCVA was 20/320. Group I had a macular hole closure rate of 75% versus 92% in group IIP=0.05. Mean BCVA improvement was 2.5 lines in group I versus 5 lines in group IIP=0.02. Disrupted ELM and IS/OS was the most salient finding in both groups.Conclusion. IFT has a significantly superior anatomic and functional outcome compared to ILM peel in traumatic FTMH.
Enhancing Offloading Systems with Smart Decisions, Adaptive Monitoring, and Mobility Support
Authors: Rego Paulo A. L. , Trinta Fernando A. M. , Hasan Masum Z. , de Souza Jose N.
Published: April 2019

Mobile cloud computing is an approach for mobile devices with processing and storage limitations to take advantage of remote resources that assist in performing computationally intensive or data-intensive tasks. The migration of tasks or data is commonly referred to as offloading, and its proper use can bring benefits such as performance improvement or reduced power consumption on mobile devices. In this paper, we face three challenges for any offloading solution: the decision of when and where to perform offloading, the decision of which metrics must be monitored by the offloading system, and the support for user’s mobility in a hybrid environment composed of cloudlets and public cloud instances. We introduce novel approaches based on machine learning and software-defined networking techniques for handling these challenges. In addition, we present details of our offloading system and the experiments conducted to assess the proposed approaches.
Factors Affecting Consumer Food Preferences: Food Taste and Depression-Based Evoked Emotional Expressions with the Use of Face Reading Technology
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Steibliene Vesta , Adomaitiene Virginija , Juodeikiene Grazina , Cernauskas Darius , Lele Vita , Klupsaite Dovile , Zadeike Daiva , Jarutiene Laura , Guiné Raquel P. F.
Published: April 2019

In this study, several factors (social status, age, gender, education, knowledge about healthy eating, and attitude to food) affecting consumer food choices (FC), including the relationship between the taste of food, FC, and depression, were analysed by using sensory traits and face reading technology. The first stage of the experimental scheme was the analysis of factors affecting consumer food preferences by using a questionnaire, while the second stage was evaluation of emotional expressions evoked by different food tastes in individuals with and without depressive disorders (DD), using the FaceReader 6 software. We show that gender is a significant factor for most emotional motivations, with a higher effect in females where there was an indication of increased cravings for sweets when feeling depressed. Age was a significant factor in the motivation to eat for positive feelings, while education had a significant influence on perceptions regarding healthy eating. Face reading technology was found to be sufficiently accurate to detect differences in facial expressions induced by different tastes of food, for groups with and without DD. In conclusion, many factors are of high importance in the analysis of food choices, and the results obtained using the FaceReader 6 technique are very promising for food-mood relation analysis. We suggest that mood has a strong link with the choice of food.
The Role of the Environmental Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis and Clinical Outcome of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Bonamonte Domenico , Filoni Angela , Vestita Michelangelo , Romita Paolo , Foti Caterina , Angelini Gianni
Published: April 2019

Atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence is rising worldwide. Literature data suggest the incidence of AD in developing countries is gradually getting close to that of developed ones, in which AD affects 20% of the paediatric population. Such an increment, associated with significant variations in prevalence among the various countries, underlines the importance of environmental factors in the disease onset. Among these, great importance is given to hygiene, intestinal microbiota, exposure to bacterial endotoxins, outdoor living with contact to animals, atmospheric pollution, weather, and diet. Genetic (alteration of the skin barrier function) as well as immunologic factors concur with the environmental ones. Only the systematical study of all these elements can best elucidate AD epidemiology.
Influenza A Viral Infection with Septic Shock in Pregnancy
Authors: Lwin Soe , San Yi Myat , Shi Leong May , Suharjono Haris , Moe Nwe Tin
Published: April 2019

The influenza virus is RNA virus and is classified into four subtypes, influenza A, influenza B, influenza C, and influenza D. One of the subtypes of influenza A, the H1N1 strain, also known as swine flu, is especially of high risk for development of complications in pregnant women. The influenza A virus infection is difficult to diagnose clinically because its presenting symptoms are similar to those of the common cold but are more severe, last longer, and can be potentially life-threatening. This case also presented with common cold symptoms but her condition worsened later. Fortunately, obstetric health providers were vigilant enough to address the developing infection and its related complications. It was the cooperative effort of multidisciplinary team care which resulted in a favourable outcome in both mother and baby.
Wide-Angle Frequency Scanning Leaky Wave Antenna Loaded CSRR Patch Based on SSPP Transmission Line
Authors: Fu Zihao , Zhang Tianliang , Wu Tianhai , Lan You , Huang Wenxing , He Leilei
Published: April 2019

A novel composite left-and-right-composite-handed leaky wave antenna is proposed based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons slow-wave transmission line at microwave band in this paper. Wide-angle frequency scanning of the antenna is achieved by combining the slow-wave dispersion characteristics of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons and the left-and-right-composite-handed characteristics of the complementary split ring resonator structure. The simulated and experimental results show that, with the increase of frequency, the radiation mode of the antenna gradually changed from slow-wave mode to fast-wave radiation mode, and the pattern changed continuously. The scanning region of the main beams proposed covers 110° in φ=0° plane when the frequency increases from 8GHz to 15GHz, and the gain of the antenna kept between 7dBi and 10.4dBi.
Radar Signal Emitter Recognition Based on Combined Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Generalized S‐Transform
Authors: Liu Bin , Feng Youqian , Yin Zhonghai , Fan Xiangyu
Published: April 2019

Present radar signal emitter recognition approaches suffer from a dependency on prior information. Moreover, modern emitter recognition must meet the challenges associated with low probability of intercept technology and other obscuration methodologies based on complex signal modulation and must simultaneously provide a relatively strong ability for extracting weak signals under low SNR values. Therefore, the present article proposes an emitter recognition approach that combines ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) with the generalized S‐transform (GST) for promoting enhanced recognition ability for radar signals with complex modulation under low signal‐to‐noise ratios in the absence of prior information. The results of Monte Carlo simulations conducted using various mixed signals with additive Gaussian white noise are reported. The results verify that EEMD suppresses the occurrence of mode mixing commonly observed using standard empirical mode decomposition. In addition, EEMD is shown to extract meaningful signal features even under low SNR values, which demonstrates its ability to suppress noise. Finally, EEMD‐GST is demonstrated to provide an obviously better time‐frequency focusing property than that of either the standard S‐transform or the short‐time Fourier transform.
Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair versus Optimal Medical Therapy in Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lodhi Muhammad Uzair , Usman Muhammad Shariq , Siddiqi Tariq Jamal , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Khan Muhammad Arbaz Arshad , Khan Safi U. , Syed Intekhab Askari , Rahim Mustafa , Naidu Srihari S. , Doukky Rami , Alkhouli Mohamad
Published: April 2019

Objectives. To compare percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) with optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with heart failure (HF) and severe functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Background. Many patients with HF and FMR are not suitable for surgical valve replacement and remain symptomatic despite maximal OMT. PMVR has recently emerged as an alternative solution. Methods. We performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to address this question. Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched for randomized (RCT) and nonrandomized studies comparing PMVR with OMT in patients with HF and FMR. Primary endpoint was all-cause midterm mortality (at 1 and 2 years). Secondary endpoints were 30-day mortality and cardiovascular mortality and HF hospitalizations, at maximum follow-up. Studies including mixed cohort of degenerative and functional MR were allowed initially but were excluded in a secondary sensitivity analysis for each of the study’s end points. This meta-analysis was performed following the publication of two RCTs (MITRA-FR and COAPT). Results. Eight studies (six observational, two RCTs) comprising 3,009 patients were included in the meta-analysis. In comparison with OMT, PMVR significantly reduced 1-year mortality (RR: 0.70 [0.56, 0.87]; p=0.002; I2=47.6%), 2-year mortality (RR: 0.63 [0.55, 0.73]; p<0.001; I2=0%), and cardiovascular mortality (RR: 0.32 [0.23, 0.44]; p<0.001; I2=0%). No significant difference between PMVR+OMT and OMT was noted in HF hospitalization (HR: 0.69 [0.40, 1.20]; p=0.19; I2=85%) and 30-day mortality (RR: 1.13 [0.68, 1.87]; p=0.16; I2=0%). Conclusions. In comparison with OMT, PMVR significantly reduces 1-year mortality, 2-year mortality, and cardiovascular mortality in patients with HF and severe MR.
Protium javanicum Burm. Methanol Extract Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Activities in Macrophage-Like RAW264.7 Cells
Authors: Ahujaa Akash , Kim Mi-Yeon , Cho Jae Youl
Published: April 2019

Protium javanicum Burm. f. is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. Gum and oleoresins from this plant have been used as anti-inflammatory agents for treating ulcers, headaches, eyelid inflammation, and rheumatic pain. However, its anti-inflammatory mechanism of action is still unknown. To better understand the mechanism, we used lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated RAW264.7 cells to measure inflammatory mediators with the Griess assay and to identify target signaling molecules by immunoblot analysis. In this study, we report that the Protium javanicum methanol extract (Pj-ME) plays an important role in suppressing nitric oxide (NO) levels without cytotoxicity. The effect of Pj-ME in LPS-induced expression leads to reduced inflammatory cytokine expression, specifically inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Pj-ME significantly inhibited LPS-induced protein expression of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in a time-dependent manner. Syk and Src were identified as putative signaling molecules of Pj-ME-mediated anti-inflammatory activity, which were inhibited by Pj-ME. We demonstrated that Pj-ME controls the STAT3 signaling pathway by suppressing STAT3 and JAK phosphorylation and also downregulates the gene expression of IL-6. Therefore, these results elucidate Pj-ME as a novel anti-inflammatory naturally derived drug with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which may be subject to therapeutic and prognostic relevance.
Determination of Building Model Key Points Using Multidirectional Shaded Relief Images Generated from Airborne LiDAR Data
Authors: Lee Dong-Cheon , Lee David H. , Lee Dae Geon
Published: April 2019

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data collected from airborne laser scanner system is one of the major sources to reconstruct Earth’s surface features. This paper presents a method for detecting model key points (MKPs) of the buildings using LiDAR point clouds. The proposed approach utilizes shaded relief images (SRIs) derived from the LiDAR data. The SRIs based on the concept of the shape from shading could provide unique information about individual surface patches of the building roofs. The main advantage of the proposed approach is to detect directly MKPs, which are primitives for 3D building modeling, without segmenting point clouds. Depending on the location of the light source, the SRIs are created differently. Therefore, integration of the multidirectional SRIs created from different locations of the light source could provide more reliable results. In addition, the vertical exaggeration (i.e., scaling Z-coordinates) is also beneficial because constituent surface patches of the roofs in the SRIs created with vertically exaggerated LiDAR data are more distinguishable. To determine the MKPs of the roofs, building data was separated from other objects using modified marker-controlled watershed algorithm in accordance with criteria to specify buildings such as area, height, and standard deviation. This process could remove the unnecessary objects such as trees, vegetation, and cars. The curvature scale space (CSS) corner detector was used to determine MKP since this method is robust to geometric changes such as rotation, translation, and scale. The proposed method was applied to simulated and real LiDAR datasets with various roof types. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in determining MKPs of various roof types with high level of detail (LoD).
Niemann-Pick Disease: An Underdiagnosed Lysosomal Storage Disorder
Authors: Panigrahi Inusha , Dhanorkar Manoj , Suthar Renu , Kumar Chanchal , Baalaaji Mullai , Thapa Babu Ram , Kalra Jasvinder
Published: April 2019

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) collectively constitute a significant public health burden in developing countries. Commoner LSDs include Gaucher, Fabry, and Niemann-Pick disease (NPD), but many cases remain undiagnosed. With the high incidence of consanguineous marriages, South East Asian countries are expected to have high prevalence of these LSDs. Here we report 4 cases of NPD type A/B in 3 families presenting with hepatosplenomegaly and cytopenias including one family with two sibs having hypertension and mitral valve prolapse. The diagnosis of NPD was proven by mutation analysis with identification of novel mutations, including a novel 4 bp insertion mutation (C>CCTGG) in exon 2 of theSMPD1gene. We also had two cases of NPD type C, confirmed on mutation analysis.
Bone Formation and Adaptive Morphology of the Anterior Tibial Muscle in 3-mm Daily Lengthening Using High-Fractional Automated Distraction and Osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov Apparatus Combined with Intramedullary Hydroxyapatite-Coated Wire
Authors: Popkov A. V. , Kononovich N. A. , Filimonova G. N. , Gorbach E. N. , Popkov D. A.
Published: April 2019

Purpose. We studied osteogenesis and morphofunctional features of the anterior tibial muscle using 3-mm high-frequency automated lengthening with the Ilizarov apparatus alone and in combination with intramedullary nailing. Material and Methods. Tibia was lengthened with a round-the-clock automated distractor at a 3-mm daily rate for 10 days in 16 mongrel dogs. In group 1 (n = 8), a 1.8-mm intramedullary titanium wire coated with hydroxyapatite was introduced into the tibial canal followed by Ilizarov frame mounting and transverse osteotomy of the diaphysis. Distraction mode was 0.025 mm x 120 increments a day. In group 2 (n = 8), distraction mode was the same but nailing was not used. Bone formation and the anterior tibial muscle were studied at two time points: (1) upon distraction completion; (2) three months after the apparatus removal. Bone formation was studied radiographically. Muscle preparations were examined histologically and stereomicroscopically. Results. There was a threefold reduction in the distraction time in both groups. Consolidation took 13.83±4.02 days in group 1 and 33.7±2.4 days in group 2. Muscle macropreparations of the experimental limb in group 1 at study time points did not show significant differences from intact tissues. Muscle histostructure in both groups was characterized by activation of angiogenesis and myohistogenesis, but the volumetric density of microvessels in the lengthening phase was three times higher in group 1. Conclusion. Combined technology significantly reduces the total lengthening procedure and does not compromise limb functions. Intramedullary HA-coated wires promote faster bone formation. The muscle was able to exhibit structural adaptation and plasticity of a restitution type.
Patient Knowledge and Attitudes towards Genetic Testing in Parkinson’s Disease Subjects with Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Fraint Avram , Ouyang Bichun , Metman Leonard Verhagen , Jones Carolyn , Hall Deborah A. , Marder Karen , Pal Gian
Published: April 2019

Objectives. As genetic testing is becoming more widely commercially available for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may have implications regarding clinical outcomes for deep brain stimulation (DBS) and other therapies, we aimed to determine patient knowledge and attitudes towards genetic testing. Methods. A sample of 88 PD subjects with bilateral STN-DBS completed a Genetic Attitudes Questionnaire (GAQ). Knowledge and attitudes towards genetic testing were assessed. Results. The mean percent of correct responses regarding genetic testing knowledge was 58.5%. Nearly 90% of subjects were unfamiliar with Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). The most important reasons subjects cited in deciding whether to undergo genetic testing included (1) to be a candidate for clinical trials if positive, (2) to learn that they do not carry a mutation, and (3) because a healthcare provider had recommended it. Individuals who influence decision-making include spouses and children. About 88% of subjects would share results with spouses, children, and siblings. Discussion. These results reveal that there is a major knowledge gap regarding genetic testing in PD and the implications of testing results on treatment, work, insurance, and privacy. Also, subjects would mainly seek genetic testing to participate in clinical trials, with spouses and children being the key stakeholders in decision-making.
Hemorrhagic Descemet Membrane Detachment during Ab Interno Canaloplasty
Authors: Izquierdo Villavicencio Juan Carlos , Mejías Smith Josefina A. , Cañola Ramírez Laura A. , Agudelo Arbelaez Natalia , Rubio Lastra Bárbara
Published: April 2019

Purpose. To describe a Descemet membrane detachment in peripheral cornea after canaloplasty with ab interno approach in glaucoma. Case Report. A 60-year-old male with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) underwent ab interno canaloplasty in the left eye. The previous corrected visual acuity was 20/400 and intraocular pressure 26 mmHg with maximum medical therapy. There was evidence of minor intrastromal bleeding and limited Descemet membrane detachment during the introduction of intracanalicular viscoelastic. Speculate that the Descemet detachment occurred owing to the excessive pressure while injecting the viscoelastic. A conservative management was decided due to the size of the detachment outside the visual axis. On the first postsurgical day, the slit lamp biomicroscopy confirmed that the paralimbal extension of the pre-Descemet hemorrhage was 3mm and the radial extension was 2mm. Moreover the initial thickness of the pre-Descemet hemorrhage measurement with anterior segment OCT was 0.6mm. The follow-up was done weekly. At 3 months postoperatively, cornea recovered its transparency and morphology and intraocular pressure was 18mmHg with maximum medical therapy. Conclusion. Descemet membrane detachment by viscoelastic with partial intrastromal hematoma is a rare complication of the ab interno canaloplasty, which can be managed conservatively if it has not compromised the visual axis and has a limited extension.
A New Wireless Generation Technology for Video Streaming
Authors: Ibrahim Sarmad K. , Khamiss Nasser N.
Published: April 2019

With the exponential rise in the volumes of video traffic in cellular networks, there is an urgent need for improving the quality of video delivery. This research proposes a mobile generation model based on the updated technologies of the fourth- and fifth-generation mobile systems, which is called Proposed Generation (Pro-G). This model uses wider bandwidth and advanced adaptive modulation and coding. It also incorporates the method of the adaptive video streaming of multiple video data rates by using the transcoding technique, which is called H.265 proposed (H.265 pro). Thus, both methods are tested to provide a large number of users of video/data application with more speed and best quality. A comparison with 4G technology is done to assign the development regarding number of users with data rate. The suggested video coding shows how much the overall system is more reliable over the congested channel than conventional video coding technologies such as high-efficiency video coding (HEVC/H.265) and advanced video coding (AVC/H.264). The results showed that the proposed method of transmitting wireless data is better than the LTE-ADV method. In this method, the rate of data transfer increases by 29% compared with LTE-ADV, while the bit rate saving was increased to 13% in the proposed video coding compared with that in the H.265.
Promising High-Yielding Tetraploid Plantain-Bred Hybrids in West Africa
Authors: Tenkouano Abdou , Lamien Niéyidouba , Agogbua Josephine , Amah Delphine , Swennen Rony , Traoré Siaka , Thiemele Deless , Aby Ngoran , Kobenan Kouman , Gnonhouri Goly , Yao Ndrin , Astin G. , Sawadogo-Kabore Séraphine , Tarpaga Vianney , Issa Wonni , Lokossou Bernadin , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Amadji Gilles Léandre , Adangnitode Solange , Igue Kabore Alice Djinadou , Ortiz Rodomiro
Published: April 2019

The devastating threat of black leaf streak disease caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis on plantain production in West Africa spurred the development of resistant hybrids. The goal of this research and development (R&D) undertaken was assessing the development and dissemination of two plantain hybrids PITA 3 and FHIA 21 bred in the 1980s by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA, Nigeria) and the Fundación Hondureña de Investigación Agrícola (FHIA, Honduras), respectively. In Côte d’Ivoire, plantain growers selected PITA 3 and FHIA 21 based on their improved agronomic characteristics and, between 2012 and 2016, they were massively propagated and distributed to farmers in Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Togo under the West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAAP) coordinated by the West and Central Africa Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF). In 2016, the Centre National de Recherche Agronomique in Côte d’Ivoire included the hybrids in the improved cultivar directory. This R&D activity illustrates how three decades of crossbreeding, selection, and distribution led to local acceptance. It also highlights how a CORAF-led partnership harnessed CGIAR research for development. The dissemination and acceptance of these plantain hybrids will enhance the sustainable intensification in plantain-based farming systems across the humid lowlands of West and Central Africa.
Application of 3D Printing Technology for Design and Manufacturing of Customized Components for a Mechanical Stretching Bioreactor
Authors: Putame Giovanni , Terzini Mara , Carbonaro Dario , Pisani Giuseppe , Serino Gianpaolo , Di Meglio Franca , Castaldo Clotilde , Massai Diana
Published: April 2019

Three-dimensional (3D) printing represents a key technology for rapid prototyping, allowing easy, rapid, and low-cost fabrication. In this work, 3D printing was applied for the in-house production of customized components of a mechanical stretching bioreactor with potential application for cardiac tissue engineering and mechanobiology studies. The culture chamber housing and the motor housing were developed as functional permanent parts, aimed at fixing the culture chamber position and at guaranteeing motor watertightness, respectively. Innovative sample holder prototypes were specifically designed and 3D-printed for holding thin and soft biological samples during cyclic stretch culture. The manufactured components were tested in-house and in a cell biology laboratory. Moreover, tensile tests and finite element analysis were performed to investigate the gripping performance of the sample holder prototypes. All the components showed suitable performances in terms of design, ease of use, and functionality. Based on 3D printing, the bioreactor optimization was completely performed in-house, from design to fabrication, enabling customization freedom, strict design-to-prototype timing, and cost and time effective testing, finally boosting the bioreactor development process.
Papillon-Lefèvre Syndrome: Diagnosis, Dental Management, and a Case Report
Authors: Abou Chedid Jean-Claude , Salameh Michel , El-Outa Abbass , Noujeim Ziad E. F.
Published: April 2019

Aim. This paper revisits Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS), addresses its diagnostic update and dental management, and reports a case of a 5-year-old Lebanese patient with consanguineously married parents.Background. PLS, also known as “keratoris palmoplantaris with periodontopathia” and “hyperkeratosis palmoplantaris with periodontosis,” is an extremely rare autosomal-recessive trait that combines a diffuse palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and a severe generalized, progressive prepubertal form of a precocious form of juvenile, aggressive periodontitis.Case Description. We are reporting a 5-year-old boy that sustained a spontaneous loss of all his primary teeth. At consultation, he was under treatment for hyperkeratosis of his palms and soles. Detailed family history of the child revealed that the patient’s parents, grandparents, and relatives were consanguineously married and two of his cousins displayed similar clinical signs (palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and premature loss of deciduous and most of the permanent teeth).Conclusion. PLS is an extremely rare disorder that usually becomes apparent from approximately 1-5 years of age. Genetic counseling should always be suggested to parents of affected children, informing them of chances of their offspring having the inherited disease.
Greener Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobiological Effects of Helba Silver Nanoparticle-PMMA Nanocomposite
Authors: Awad Manal A. , Hendi Awatif A. , Ortashi Khalid M. O. , Alanazi Amnah B. , ALZahrani Batool A. , Soliman Dina A.
Published: April 2019

Nanocomposites are characterized as a multiphase material where one of the phases has a dimension in the nanoscale. There has been huge enthusiasm for the commercialization of nanocomposites for an assortment of uses including medicinal, electronic, and basic. The general motivation behind this study was on the development of silver nanoparticles, due to the present enthusiasm encompassing these metals due to their exceptional properties which are not quite the same as the relating bulk material. A novel, simple, cost-effective, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly technique was developed for synthesizing silver nanoparticle- (AgNP-) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposite using Trigonella foenum-graecum (Helba) aqueous extract. UV-visible spectroscopic analysis was carried out to assess the formulation of AgNPs. The particle size distribution of AgNPs was determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The average size of green AgNPs was about 83 nm. Images of spherical green nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resultant green AgNPs were added slowly to polymer (PMMA) solution. The AgNPs encapsulated within the polymer chains were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Modification of thermal stabilities of AgNP/PMMA nanocomposites was confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The green AgNP/PMMA nanocomposites showed improved thermal stabilities. The green AgNP/PMMA nanocomposite film proved antimicrobial in water microbiological testing. Thus, the key findings of the work include the use of a safe and simple nanocomposite, which had marked antibacterial activity and potential application in water filtration.
Quantitative Assessment of Autonomic Regulation of the Cardiac System
Authors: Wu Jian Kang , Huang Zhipei , Zhang Zhiqiang , Xiao Wendong , Jiang Hong
Published: April 2019

Autonomic neural system (ANS) regulates the circulation to provide optimal perfusion of every organ in accordance with its metabolic needs, and the quantitative assessment of autonomic regulation is crucial for personalized medicine in cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we propose the Dystatis to quantitatively evaluate autonomic regulation of the human cardiac system, based on homeostatis and probabilistic graphic model, where homeostatis explains ANS regulation while the probability graphic model systematically defines the regulation process for quantitative assessment. The indices and measurement methods for three well-designed scenarios are also illustrated to evaluate the proposed Dystatis: (1) heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure variability (BPV), and respiration synchronization (Synch) in resting situation; (2) chronotropic competence indices (CCI) in graded exercise testing; and (3) baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), and parasympathetic nerve activity (PNA) in orthostatic testing. The previous clinical results have shown that the proposed method and indices for autonomic cardiac system regulation have great potential in prediction, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes.
Height-Diameter Allometry for Tree Species in Tanzania Mainland
Authors: Mugasha W. A. , Mauya E. W. , Njana A. M. , Karlsson K. , Malimbwi R. E. , Ernest S.
Published: April 2019

Total tree height (H) and diameter at beast height (D) are important independent variables in predicting volume, biomass, and other forest stand attributes. However, unlikeDmeasurement, which is easy to measure with high accuracy,Hmeasurement is laborious. This study, therefore, developedH-Drelationships for ten different forest types in Tanzania Mainland. Extents in which climate and forest stand variables explain the variation inH-Dallometry were also assessed. A total of 31782 sample trees covering miombo woodlands, humid montane, lowland forests, bushlands, grasslands, mangroves, cultivated land, wetlands forests, and pines andEucalyptusspecies plantations were used for model development. TheHestimating model without climate and forest stand variables referred herein as “base model” was first developed followed by “generalized model” which included climate and stand variables. All the data were fitted using nonlinear mixed effect modelling approach. Results indicated that generalizedHestimating models had better fit than the base models. We therefore confirm a significant contribution of climate and forest structure variables in improvingH-Dallometry. Among the forest structure variables, basal area (BA) was far more important explanatory variable than other variables. In addition, it was found that the mean treeHtends to increase with the increase of mean precipitation (PRA). We therefore conclude that forest specific generalizedHmodel is to be applied when predictingH. When forest type information is not available, generalized regional model may be applied. Base model may be applied when forest stand or climate information are missing.
Increased COX-2 Immunostaining in Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder Is Associated with Invasiveness and Poor Prognosis
Authors: Al-Maghrabi Basim , Gomaa Wafaey , Abdelwahed Mohammed , Al-Maghrabi Jaudah
Published: April 2019

Background. Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCB) is the commonest bladder tumor. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediates angiogenesis, cell survival/proliferation, and apoptosis. This study investigates the relation of COX-2 immunostaining in UCB to clinicopathological parameters in Saudi Arabia. Methods. The study population includes 123 UCB and 25 urothelial mucosae adjacent to UCB. UCB samples were collected before any local or systemic therapy. Tissue microarrays were designed and constructed, and TMA blocks were sliced for further immunohistochemical staining. Immunohistochemical staining was done using a mouse anti-human COX-2 monoclonal antibody. A cutoff point of 10% was chosen as the threshold to determine low and high COX-2 immunostaining. Results. COX-2 immunostaining is higher in UCB than in the adjacent urothelium (p=0.033). High COX-2 immunostaining is associated with high-grade UCB (p=0.013), distant metastasis (p=0.031), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.008), positive muscle invasion (p=0.017), pT2 and above (p=0.003), and high anatomical stages (stage II and above). High COX-2 immunostaining is an independent predictor of higher tumor grade (p<0.001), muscle invasion (p=0.015), advanced pathological T (p=0.014), lymphovascular invasion (p=0.011), and distant metastasis (p=0.039). High COX-2 immunostaining is associated with lower overall survival rate (p=0.019). Conclusion. COX-2 immunostaining is associated with the invasiveness of UCB which may be used as an independent prognostic marker. COX-2 may be a significant molecule in the initiation and progression of UCB. Molecular and clinical investigations are required to explore the molecular downstream of COX-2 in UCB and effectiveness of COX-2 inhibitors as adjuvant therapy along with traditional chemotherapy.
A Comprehensive Method of Apportioning Reliability Goals for New Product of Hydraulic Excavator
Authors: Liu Wenting , Zeng Qingliang , Wan Lirong , Wang Chenglong
Published: April 2019

It is important to allocate a reliability goal for the hydraulic excavator in the early design stage of the new system. There are some effective methods for setting reliability target and allocating its constituent subsystems in the field of aerospace, electric, vehicles, railways, or chemical system, but until now there is no effective method for the hydraulic excavator or engineering machinery. In this paper, an approach is proposed which combines with the conventional reliability allocation methods for setting reliability goals and allocating the subsystem and parts useful in the early design stage of the hydraulic excavator newly developed. It includes Weibull analysis method, modified Aeronautical Radio Inc. (ARINC) method, and modified systematic failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method. After completing reliability allocation, it is necessary to organize the designers and experts to evaluate the rationality of the reliability target through FEMA analysis considering feasibility of the improvement technically for the part which was new developed or had fault in its predecessor. The proposed approach provides an easy methodology for allocate a practical reliability goal for the hydraulic excavator capturing the real life behavior of the product. It proposes a simple and unique way to capture the improvement of the subsystems or components of the hydraulic excavator. The proposed approach could be extended to consider other construction machinery equipment and have practicality value to research excellent mechanical product.
A Concise Review of Pelvic Radiation Therapy (RT) for Rectal Cancer with Synchronous Liver Metastases
Authors: Sager Omer , Dincoglan Ferrat , Demiral Selcuk , Uysal Bora , Gamsiz Hakan , Dirican Bahar , Beyzadeoglu Murat
Published: April 2019

Background and Objective. Colorectal cancer is a major health concern as a very common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The liver is a very common site of metastatic spread for colorectal cancers, and, while nearly half of the patients develop metastases during the course of their disease, synchronous liver metastases are detected in 15% to 25% of cases. There is no standardized treatment in this setting and no consensus exists on optimal sequencing of multimodality management for rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases. Methods. Herein, we review the use of pelvic radiation therapy (RT) as part of potentially curative or palliative management of rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases. Results. There is accumulating evidence on the utility of pelvic RT for facilitating subsequent surgery, improving local tumor control, and achieving palliation of symptoms in patients with stage IV rectal cancer. Introduction of superior imaging capabilities and contemporary RT approaches such as Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) offer improved precision and toxicity profile of radiation delivery in the modern era. Conclusion. Even in the setting of stage IV rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases, there may be potential for extended survival and cure by aggressive management of primary tumor and metastases in selected patients. Despite lack of consensus on sequencing of treatment modalities, pelvic RT may serve as a critical component of multidisciplinary management. Resectability of primary rectal tumor and liver metastases, patient preferences, comorbidities, symptomatology, and logistical issues should be thoroughly considered in decision making for optimal management of patients.
Anti-Invasion and Antimetastatic Effects of Porcine Recombinant NK-lysin on SMMC-7721 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Fan Kuohai , Du Wenjuan , Wang Zhirui , Khan Ajab , Li Hongquan , Jiang Junbing
Published: April 2019

The high invasion and metastasizing abilities of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the primary reasons for the high mortality rate of patients. Therefore, identification of agents to inhibit invasion and metastasis is very important for treatment of HCC. We analyzed the anti-invasion and antimetastatic effects of porcine recombinant NK-lysin, which was designed and expressed in vitro by our research group, on SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells via wound-healing assays, adhesion assays, invasion assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot analysis. MTT assay results indicated that NK-lysin inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. NK-lysin reduced the ability of cell migration, adhesion, and invasion. Based on gene and protein expression analysis, NK-lysin decreased β-catenin and MMP-2 expression. These results suggested that NK-lysin has anti-invasion and antimetastatic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro by reducing the level of the β-catenin and MMP-2.
Existence of Solutions for Sublinear Kirchhoff Problems with Sublinear Growth
Authors: Yang Wei , Wang Zhan , Yao Zhuo
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we consider the following sublinear Kirchhoff problems , in , where a > 0 and b ≥ 0 with N ≥ 3. A new sublinear growth condition is given. When f(x, u) is not odd in u and not integrable in x, we obtain the existence of solutions for the above problem.