bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Search for an exothermic halogen bond between anions
Authors: Scheiner Steve
Published: March 2022

A halogen-bonded complex containing a pair of anions can be made more stable than the isolated anions if the Lewis acid is a long carbon chain, fully substituted by CN groups, with an I atom on one end and a COO− group on the other, with Cl− as base.
What quantum chemical simulations tell us about the infrared spectra, structure and interionic interactions of a bulk ionic liquid
Authors: Katsyuba Sergey A. , Zvereva Elena E.
Published: March 2022

The IR spectra of bulk ionic liquids [Emim][BF4] and [Emim-d][BF4] are reproduced by simulations for cluster ([Emim][BF4])8, characterized by H-bonds of all CH moieties of the imidazolium ring with [BF4]− anions with enthalpies of 1.2–1.5 kcal mol−1.
Cooperative approaches in catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation
Authors: Stevens Michael A. , Colebatch Annie L.
Published: March 2022

This review uses catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes as a platform to compare metal–ligand cooperativity and metal–metal cooperativity as strategies in catalysis.
Metal–organic framework-derived nitrogen-doped carbon-confined CoSe2 anchored on multiwalled carbon nanotube networks as an anode for high-rate sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Xuefan , Ding Yijiao , Li Yuke , Ren Shi-Bin , Shen Mao , Chen Yu-Xiang , Li Wei , Han De-Man
Published: March 2022

Nitrogen-doped carbon-coated cobalt selenide anchored on multiwalled carbon nanotube networks was constructed via a chemical method with outstanding sodium storage performance.
A triple helicene based molecular semiconductor characteristic of a fully fused conjugated backbone for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Fang Lingyi , Zhang Yuyan , Ren Ming , Xie Xinrui , Li Tianyu , Yuan Yi , Zhang Jing , Wang Peng
Published: March 2022

A triple helicene based molecular semiconductor with a high glass transition temperature enables the fabrication of perovskite solar cells with 22.1% efficiency which are stable at 85 °C.
Glycosides and flavonoids from the extract of Pueraria thomsonii Benth leaf alleviate type 2 diabetes in high-fat diet plus streptozotocin-induced mice by modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Zhang Shan-Shan , Zhang Niu-Niu , Guo Sen , Liu Shao-Jing , Hou Yu-Fei , Li Shiming , Ho Chi-Tang , Bai Nai-Sheng
Published: March 2022

Twenty glycoside derivatives and nine flavonoids from the leaves of Pueraria (P. thomsonii) were isolated by column chromatography and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Neptunium transition probabilities estimated through laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurements
Authors: Andrews H. B. , Sadergaski L. R. , Myhre K. G.
Published: March 2022

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of dried down droplets can be used to estimate transition probabilities of radioactive materials.
Core vs. surface labelling of mesoporous silica nanoparticles: advancing the understanding of nanoparticle fate and design of labelling strategies
Authors: Ramírez María de los Ángeles , Martínez-Villacorta Ángel Manuel , Gómez-Vallejo Vanessa , Andreozzi Patricia , Soler-Illia Galo , Llop Jordi , Moya S. E.
Published: March 2022

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified with peptides for targeting cancer tissue are radiolabeled in the core or in the targeting peptide. Advanced information on the fate of the nanoparticles is obtained comparing biodistribution patterns.
A naphthalene-based azo armed molecular framework for selective sensing of Al3+
Authors: Mabhai Subhabrata , Dolai Malay , Dey Surya Kanta , Choudhury Sujata Maiti , Das Bhriguram , Dey Satyajit , Jana Atanu , Banerjee Deb Ranjan
Published: March 2022

A naphthalene-based azo armed molecular derivative was synthesized for sensing of Al3+and cell imaging studies. The fluorescence enhancement is caused by restricted CN isomerization, CHEF on, and PET-off processes.
Distinct lipid membrane-mediated pathways of Tau assembly revealed by single-molecule analysis
Authors: Yao Qiong-Qiong , Wen Jitao , Perrett Sarah , Wu Si
Published: March 2022

Single-molecule fluorescence detection reveals the conformational changes and intermolecular oligomerization of microtubule-associated protein Tau induced by DMPS lipid bilayers, and shows distinct assembly pathways depending on lipid concentration.
InSe:Ge-doped InSe van der Waals heterostructure to enhance photogenerated carrier separation for self-powered photoelectrochemical-type photodetectors
Authors: Liao Liping , Wu Bing , Kovalska Evgeniya , Oliveira Filipa M. , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Mazánek Vlastimil , Valdman Lukáš , Spejchalová Lucie , Xu Cunyun , Levinský Petr , Hejtmánek Jiří , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: March 2022

We report the PEC characterization of InSe/InSe(Ge) van der Waals heterostructure. As-prepared heterostructure can improve the photoresponse characteristics of the sole InSe case. The mechanism of enhanced PEC performance and charge transfer process was explored.
Evaporation behavior of 233Pa in FLiBeZr molten salt
Authors: Huo Yuting , Luo Yan , Zhao Zhongqi , Geng Junxia , Dou Qiang , Ma Jie
Published: March 2022

The evaporation behavior of 233Pa in the FLiBeZr molten salt was investigated during a vacuum distillation process.
Insecticidal characteristics and mechanism of a promising natural insecticide against saw-toothed grain beetle
Authors: Li Chunyan , Sheng Xueru , Li Na , Ping Qingwei , Lu Peng , Zhang Jian
Published: March 2022

Insecticidal mechanism of the diatomite.
Study on the adsorption properties of multiple-generation hyperbranched collagen fibers towards isolan-series acid dyes
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Liu Jie , Wu Yuwei , Jin Liqiang , Wang Yulu , Xu Zhou
Published: March 2022

Collagen fibers extracted from leather wastes were modified by amino-terminated hyperbranched polymers to prepare CF-HBPN-I and CF-HBPN-II. The adsorption process of CF-HBPN-II toward Isolan Black 2S-LD is in accordance with the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model.
Synergistic defect- and interfacial-engineering of a Bi2S3-based nanoplate network for high-performance photoelectrochemical solar water splitting
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Min , Hao Shiqiang , Li Yuan , Li Qianqian , Liu Fangyang , Lai Yanqing , Li Jie , Wolverton Chris , Dravid Vinayak P. , Jiang Liangxing
Published: March 2022

Successful modulation of photoelectrochemical performance of Bi2S3 nanowalls was achieved by a synergistic defect- and interface-engineering strategy, which renders significantly improved charge separation and transfer efficiency in water splitting.
Carboxy-functionalized pH responsive capsule polymer particles fabricated by particulate interfacial photocrosslinking
Authors: Kitayama Yukiya , Harada Atsushi
Published: March 2022

Carboxy-functionalized capsule polymer particles possessing neutral-alkali pH responsive controlled release capability were newly fabricated by interfacial photocrosslinking of spherical photoreactive polymer particles.
Neuron-inspired multifunctional conductive hydrogels for flexible wearable sensors
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wang Jing , Wang Shiwen , Wang Lili , Wu Minghua
Published: March 2022

A human-neuron-inspired multifunctional flexible wearable sensor was fabricated in this study. It possessed high sensitivity (GFmax= 68.64,Smax= 0.229 kPa−1), flexibility, stability (∼300 cycles), remoldability, and strain/pressure sensitivity.
Chemical sensors based on ionically conductive metal–organic frameworks for selective cadaverine detection
Authors: Zhang Shiqi , Li Li , Lu Yang , Zhang Junyao , Liu Dapeng , Hao Dandan , Zhang Xuan , Tian Li , Xiong Lize , Huang Jia
Published: March 2022

Chemical sensors based on IC-MOF thin films for the sensitive and selective detection of cadaverine were fabricated for the first time.
An algorithm-assisted automated identification and enumeration system for sensitive hydrogen sulfide sensing under dark field microscopy
Authors: Xu Shaohua , Deng Xiaoyu , Ji Shuyi , Chen Lifen , Zhao Tiesong , Luo Fang , Qiu Bin , Lin Zhenyu , Guo Longhua
Published: March 2022

A sensitive H2S sensing strategy has been developed based on the automated identification and enumeration algorithm.
On-surface synthesis of a phenylene analogue of nonacene
Authors: Izydorczyk Irena , Stoica Otilia , Krawiec Mariusz , Blieck Rémi , Zuzak Rafal , Stępień Marcin , Echavarren Antonio M. , Godlewski Szymon
Published: March 2022

Cyclobuta[1,2-b:3,4-b′]ditetracene – an analogue of nonacene with a cyclobutadiene unit embedded in the central part has been synthesized by the combination of solution and on-surface chemistry.
Buffer-specific effects arise from ionic dispersion forces
Authors: Parsons Drew F. , Carucci Cristina , Salis Andrea
Published: March 2022

Buffer solutions do not simply regulate pH, but also change the properties of protein molecules.
A reduced electrophilicity for simple Lewis acids A involved in non-covalent interactions with Lewis bases B
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Legon Anthony
Published: March 2022

Dissociation energies De for B⋯A = B +A can be written De = c′NBEA, where NB and EA are the nucleophilicities and electrophilicities of the Lewis base B and the Lewis acid A, respectively.
Concluding remarks: next generation nanoelectrochemistry – next generation nanoelectrochemists
Authors: Unwin Patrick
Published: March 2022

This paper describes the scientific journey taken through electrochemistry to arrive at present-day nanoelectrochemistry and considers how the area might develop in the future, particularly in light of the papers presented at this Faraday Discussion.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates deoxynivalenol-induced kidney oxidative damage and mitochondrial injury in weaned piglets
Authors: Ma Kaidi , Bai Yongsong , Li Jibo , Ren Zhongshuai , Li Jianping , Zhang Jing , Shan Anshan
Published: March 2022

Schematic diagram illustrating the proposed mechanism of LGG supplementation against DON-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in piglet kidneys.
Microfluidic platforms for extracellular vesicle isolation, analysis and therapy in cancer
Authors: Abreu Catarina M. , Costa-Silva Bruno , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C. , Caballero David
Published: March 2022

Microfluidic devices as powerful tools for point-of-care testing and design of EV-based cancer therapeutics.
Electrodes and electrocatalysts for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensors: a review of design strategies
Authors: Riaz Muhammad Adil , Chen Yuan
Published: March 2022

A summary of the design strategies of electrodes and electrocatalysts for ultrasensitive electrochemical H2O2 sensors with the nanomolar detection limits required in disease diagnosis and to avoid harmful exposure.
Synergistic TME-manipulation effects of a molybdenum-based polyoxometalate enhance the PTT effects on cancer cells
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Yu , Kong Xueping , Li Hongwei , Li Bao , Yu Xianghui , Wu Lixin , Wu Yuqing
Published: March 2022

The pH-induced aggregation and cysteine-induced reduction of [Mo154] in tumor cells lead to PTT enhancement and improved antitumor effects.
Structural diversity and magnetic properties of copper(ii) quinaldinate compounds with amino alcohols
Authors: Podjed Nina , Modec Barbara , Clérac Rodolphe , Rouzières Mathieu , Alcaide María M. , López-Serrano Joaquín
Published: March 2022

Copper(ii)–quinaldinate-amino alcohol reaction systems produced structurally diverse compounds with amino alcohol molecules or their deprotonated forms serving as ligands.
Correction: Circularly polarized luminescent porous crystalline nanomaterials
Authors: Zheng Anyi , Zhao Tonghan , Jin Xue , Miao Wangen , Duan Pengfei
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Circularly polarized luminescent porous crystalline nanomaterials’ by Anyi Zheng et al., Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 1123–1135, DOI: 10.1039/D1NR07069J.
Correction: Screening on-chip fabricated nanoparticles for penetrating the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Hou Qinghong , Zhu Lina , Wang Le , Liu Xiaoyan , Xiao Feng , Xie Yangzhouyun , Zheng Wenfu , Jiang Xingyu
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘Screening on-chip fabricated nanoparticles for penetrating the blood–brain barrier’ by Qinghong Hou et al., Nanoscale, 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05825h.
Crystallographic control for Cr4+ activators toward efficient NIR-II luminescence
Authors: Zhou Hao , Cai Hao , Zhao Jing , Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: March 2022

A broadband NIR-II phosphor Li2ZnGeO4:Cr4+ was synthesized. All the Cr ions are stabilized in the tetravalent state due to crystallographic control of the all-tetrahedron-built host, showing broadband NIR-II emission peaking at 1218 nm.
Water-soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (WSCC)-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) provide efficient adsorption of Pb(ii) from water
Authors: Gao Jinling , Song Mingzhe , Li Tongtong , Zhao Yuyao , Wang Anxu
Published: March 2022

A water-dispersible WSCC–oSWCNTs nanocomposite prepared for efficient Pb(ii) uptake from water. The removal efficiency is still higher than 80% after 4 adsorption–desorption cycles, and the Pb(ii) can be adsorbed with high selectivity and stability.
A novel AIE-active imidazolium macrocyclic ratiometric fluorescence sensor for pyrophosphate anion
Authors: Xiong Jia-Bin , Ban Ding-Ding , Zhou Yong-Juan , Li Jin-Zhan , Chen Si-Ru , Liu Guo-Qun , Tian Jing-Jing , Mi Li-Wei , Li Dong-Mi
Published: March 2022

The fluorescence of an imidazolium macrocycle can be switched from monomer emission to aggregate emission in the presence of pyrophosphate anion and zinc ion, which can be used as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for pyrophosphate anion in water.
Hierarchical porous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) and ZnO@N-doped carbon for selective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Soliman Ahmed I. A. , Abdel-Wahab Aboel-Magd A. , Abdelhamid Hani Nasser
Published: March 2022

Removing organic contaminants such as dyes from water is essential to purify wastewater.
Biological sample-compatible Au nanoparticle-containing fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres by combining RAFT polymerization and Au–thiol chemistry
Authors: Shi Xiaohui , Zhang Wanlan , Zhang Huiqi
Published: March 2022

Au nanoparticle-containing fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres with high folic acid optosensing selectivity and sensitivity in the undiluted urine samples are first developed by combining RAFT polymerization and Au–thiol chemistry.
Highly efficient solution-processed white organic light-emitting diodes based on a co-host system by controlling energy transfer among different emitters
Authors: Wu Ruixia , Liu Weiqiang , Wang Zhe , Feng Yang , Zhao Jianling , Zhou Liang
Published: March 2022

Efficient solution-processed white organic light-emitting diodes with FIrpic, Ir(mppy)3 and (MDQ)2Ir(acac) as the blue, green and red emitters, respectively, were realized by employing TcTa and CzSi as hosts.
Green solvent blade-coated MA3Bi2I9for direct-conversion X-ray detectors
Authors: Dong Siyin , Xin Deyu , Zhang Min , Tie Shujie , Cai Bing , Ma Qingshan , Zheng Xiaojia
Published: March 2022

High quality MA3Bi2I9films were prepared by a cost effective, scalable and green solvent blade-coating process. An X-ray detector with outstanding detection performance was obtained.
Gramian‐based vulnerability analysis of dynamic networks
Authors: Babazadeh Maryam
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the vulnerability of large‐dimensional dynamic networks to false data injections is analysed. The malicious data can manipulate input injection at the control nodes and affect the outputs of the network. The objective is to analyse and quantify the potential vulnerability of the dynamics by such adversarial inputs when the opponents try to avoid being detected as much as possible. A joint set of most effective actuation nodes and most vulnerable target nodes are introduced with minimal detectability by the monitoring system. Detection of this joint set of actuation‐target nodes is carried out by introducing a Gramian‐based measure and reformulating the vulnerability problem as a standard optimisation problem. However, the underlying optimisation problem appears to be a binary program and intractable in large‐dimensional systems. Balanced realisation of the system dynamics, combined with a Gauss–Newton approach is employed to provide a two‐stage algorithm for the selection of the most effective joint sets. The proposed approach relies on QR decomposition and QR pivoting, does not require iterative computation of Gramian matrices, and scales well with the system dimensions. The proposed approach is evaluated on a set of synthetic and real‐life examples including IEEE 118 bus power network.
Observation from Earth of an atypical cloud system in the upper Martian atmosphere
Authors: Lilensten J. , Dauvergne J. L. , Pellier C. , Delcroix M. , Beaudoin E. , Vincendon M. , Kraaikamp E. , Bertrand G. , Foster C. , Go C. , Kardasis E. , Pace A. , Peach D. , Wesley A. , Samara E. , Poedts S. , Colas F.
Published: March 2022

Context. The atmosphere of Mars is characterised by a complex seasonal cycle of cloud formation related to the condensation of CO2 and H2O, and to the lifting of surface dust. Several decades of spacecraft observations have provided an impressive amount of data to constrain cloud properties. However, observations of a given cloud obtained from Mars orbit are typically limited in time sampling and spatial coverage. As a complement to this existing dataset, Earth-based telescopic observations have the potential to provide a global and dynamic view of some large-scale Mars clouds.

Aims. On 17 November 2020, Mars and Earth were close to opposition. We took advantage of this configuration to attempt observing large-scale high-altitude atmospheric phenomena from Earth with a high time sampling, over several hours.

Methods. Ten amateur astronomers were coordinated along with professional astronomers to observe Mars.

Results. We observed the occurrence of a large-scale high-altitude cloud system, extending over thousands of kilometres from the equator to 50°S. Over 3 h, it emerged from the night side at 92−16+30 km and dissipated on the dayside. It occurred at a solar longitude of 316° (southern summer) concomitantly to a regional dust storm and west of the magnetic anomaly. Despite its high altitude, it was composed of relatively large particles (effective radius in the 1–2 µm range). While dust appears an unlikely candidate, possible composition by CO2 or H2O are both conceivable, although the whole properties of the cloud makes it atypical compared to previously reported clouds. We discuss the possible connections with the dust storm, along with the hypothetical role of nucleation from cosmic particle precipitation.

Conclusions. We continuously followed a high-altitude huge cloud system on Mars from Earth, emerging from the Martian night, from its appearance at the terminator until its complete dissipation. It is either a large-grained water ice cloud system or an extended mid-summer dawn CO2 cloud system.
Exploring the deep atmospheres of HD 209458b and WASP-43b using a non-gray general circulation model
Authors: Schneider Aaron David , Carone Ludmila , Decin Leen , Jørgensen Uffe Gråe , Mollière Paul , Baeyens Robin , Kiefer Sven , Helling Christiane
Published: March 2022

Simulations with a 3D general circulation model (GCM) suggest that one potential driver behind the observed radius inflation in hot Jupiters may be the downward advection of energy from the highly irradiated photosphere into the deeper layers. Here, we compare dynamical heat transport within the non-inflated hot Jupiter WASP-43b and the canonical inflated hot Jupiter HD 209458b, with similar effective temperatures. We investigate to what extent the radiatively driven heating and cooling in the photosphere (at pressures smaller than 1 bar) influence the deeper temperature profile (at pressures between 1 to 700 bar). Our simulations with the new non-gray 3D radiation-hydrodynamical model expeRT/MITgcm show that the deep temperature profile of WASP-43b is associated with a relatively cold adiabat. The deep layers of HD 209458b, however, do not converge and remain nearly unchanged regardless of whether a cold or a hot initial state is used. Furthermore, we show that different flow structures in the deep atmospheric layers arise. There, we find that WASP-43b exhibits a deep equatorial jet, driven by the relatively fast tidally locked rotation of this planet (0.81 days), as compared to HD 209458b (3.47 days). However, by comparing simulations with different rotation periods, we find that the resulting flow structures only marginally influence the temperature evolution in the deep atmosphere, which is almost completely dominated by radiative heating and cooling. Furthermore, we find that the evolution of deeper layers can influence the 3D temperature structure in the photosphere of WASP-43b. Thus, dayside emission spectra of WASP-43b may shed more light onto the dynamical processes occurring at greater depths.
Evaluation of Moroccan physician’s knowledge about radiation doses and risks from pediatric computed tomography
Authors: Tahiri Z. , Talbi M. , El Mansouri M.
Published: March 2022

The large use of Computed Tomography Scan (CT scan) is a principal cause of increasing medical ionizing radiation exposure. Children are considered a population at risk for the occurrence of radiation-induced pathologies, and the implementation of radiation protection measures relies on the knowledge and skills of healthcare professionals. This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge of Moroccan physicians prescribing pediatric CT scan examinations on the radiation protection of patients, radiation doses, and potential health risks of radiation exposure from CT scan. A questionnaire was distributed to all clinicians on the medical staff who prescribe pediatric CT examinations in five Moroccan pediatric hospitals. The questions have a focusing on prescribers’ practices and their knowledge of patient radiation protection, radiation doses, the potential health risks of radiation exposure from CT scan, and training on radiation protection. One hundred and ninety-two questionnaires were submitted to prescribers and among them, 88% responded. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of Microsoft Office Excel. Knowledge gaps regarding CT scan radiation doses and associated health risks among Moroccan physicians are evident from this study results, initial and continuing training of health care staff and the implementation of referral guidelines for medical imaging could lead to improve practitioners’ knowledge of patient radiation protection.
Predictive Value of Preoperative Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophagogastric Cancer – Data From a Randomized German Phase II Trial
Authors: Sivanathan Visvakanth , Utz Christoph , Thomaidis Thomas , Förster Friedrich , Stahl Michael , Lordick Florian , Ibach Stefan , Kanzler Stephan , Adler Andreas , Mönig Stefan Paul , Schimanski Carl C. , Ignee Andre , Dietrich Christoph F. , Galle Peter R. , Moehler Markus
Published: March 2022

Purpose The role of EUS before or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCTX) in advanced esophagogastric cancer (EGC) is still unclear. The phase II NEOPECX trial evaluated perioperative chemotherapy with or without panitumumab in this setting. The aim of this sub-study was to investigate the prognostic value of EUS-guided preoperative staging before and after nCTX.

Materials and Methods Preoperative yuT/yuN stages by EUS were compared with histopathological ypT/ypN stages after curative resection. Reduction in T-stage from baseline to preoperative EUS was defined as downstaging (DS+) and compared to progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients without downstaging (DS-). In addition, preoperative EUS N-stages (positive N+ or negative N-) were correlated with clinical data.

Results The preoperative yuT-stage correlated with the ypT-stage in 48% of cases (sensitivity 48%, specificity 52%), while the preoperative yuN-stage correlated with the ypN-stage in 64% (sensitivity 76%, specificity 52%). Within DS+ patients who were downstaged by ≥ 2 T-categories, a trend towards improved OS was detected (median OS DS+: not reached (NR), median OS DS-: 38.5 months (M), p=0.21). Patients with yuN+ at preoperative EUS had a worse outcome than yuN- patients (median OS yuN-: NR, median OS yuN+: 38.5 M, p = 0.013).

Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of EUS to predict the response after nCTX in patients with advanced EGC is limited. In the current study the endosonographic detection of lymph node metastasis after nCTX indicates a poor prognosis. In the future, preoperative EUS with sectional imaging procedures may be used to tailor treatment for patients with advanced EGC.
Prozess zur Implementierung Evidenzbasierter Parenteraler
Ernährung in Deutschen Perinatalzentren – Ergebnisse eines
Multidisziplinären Netzwerks
Authors: Hoffmann Julia , Haiden Nadja , Babl Jürgen , Fusch Christoph , Kostenzer Johanna , Piening Brar , Schubert Sebastian , Mader Silke ,   Arbeitsgruppe parenterale Ernährung von EFCNI, GNPI, ADKA
Published: March 2022

Einleitung Die parenterale Ernährung (PE) ist gewöhnlich
bei Frühgeborenen<1500 g Geburtsgewicht und kranken
Neugeborenen indiziert und gewährleistet eine Versorgung mit
essentiellen Nährstoffen. Da ein hohes Maß Therapiesicherheit
erforderlich ist, gibt die europäische Leitlinie Empfehlungen zur
sicheren Anwendung. Dieses Projekt zielte darauf ab, die Anwendung der
europäischen Leitlinie in deutschen Perinatalzentren zu evaluieren und
Barrieren, die die Umsetzung erschweren oder verhindern, abzubilden.
Zusätzlich sollten Lösungsansätze zur
Überwindung möglicher Barrieren erarbeitet werden.

Methodik und Ergebnisse In einer multidisziplinären Kooperation
wurde eine Online-Umfrage durchgeführt, in der PädiaterInnen und
KrankenhausapothekerInnen aus Perinatalzentren zur Umsetzung der
europäischen Leitlinien befragt wurden. Die Umfrageergebnisse wiesen auf
Barrieren entlang des Bereitstellungsprozesses der PE hin, die eine
leitliniengerechte Anwendung erschweren. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen
erarbeitete das Expertennetzwerk ein interaktives Toolkit mit vereinfachten
Leitlinienempfehlungen, leitlinienkonformen Anwendungsratschlägen,
Best-Practice-Beispielen, Formularen und Handouts. Es soll zur kritischen
Reflexion der Routineprozesse anregen und liefert konkrete
Lösungsansätze zur Überwindung der Barrieren in der
Praxis.

Schlussfolgerung Die Anwendung der PE bei Früh- und kranken
Neugeborenen weicht von den Leitlinienempfehlungen ab. Das erarbeitete Toolkit
liefert praxisorientiere Hilfestellungen mit dem Ziel, eine leitliniengerechte
Anwendung in Perinatalzentren zu fördern.
Point Shear Wave Elastography by ElastPQ for Fibrosis Screening in Patients with NAFLD: A Prospective, Multicenter Comparison to Vibration-Controlled Elastography
Authors: Bauer David JM , Matic Vladimir , Mare Ruxandra , Maiocchi Laura , Chromy David , Müllner-Bucsics Theresa , Mandorfer Mattias , Mustapic Sandra , Sporea Ioan , Ferraioli Giovanna , Grgurevic Ivica , Reiberger Thomas
Published: March 2022

Background Since nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of liver disease in the Western world, clinicians need reliable noninvasive tools for the identification of NAFLD-associated fibrosis. Limited evidence on the performance of the novel shear wave elastography technique Elast-PQ (EPQ) in NAFLD is available. Method In this prospective, European multinational study we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of EPQ using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) as a reference standard. Results Among 353 NAFLD patients, 332 (94.1%) fulfilled reliability criteria of VCTE and EPQ (defined by IQR/median ≤0.3; 41.3% female, mean age: 59 [IQR: 16.5], mean BMI: 29.0 (7.1)). 4/353 (1.1%) and 17/353 (4.8%) had unreliable VCTE and EPQ measurements, respectively. VCTE-based NAFLD fibrosis stages were F0/F1: 222(66.9%), F2: 41 (12.3%), F3: 30 (9.1%), F4: 39 (11.7%). We found a strong correlation (Pearson R=0.87; p<0.0001) and concordance (Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient =0.792) of EPQ with VCTE. EPQ was able to identify NAFLD-fibrosis risk with the following EPQ cutoffs: ≥6.5 kPa for significant fibrosis (≥F2) (≥1.47 m/s; sensitivity: 78%; specificity: 95%; AUROC: 0.94), ≥6.9 kPa for advanced fibrosis (≥F3) (≥1.52 m/s; sens.: 88%, spec.: 89%; AUROC: 0.949), and ≥10.4 kPa for cirrhosis (F4) (≥1.86 m/s; sens.: 87%; spec.: 94%; AUROC: 0.949). Conclusion The point shear wave elastography technique EPQ shows excellent correlation to and concordance with VCTE. EPQ can reliably exclude NAFLD fibrosis <6.0 kPa (<1.41 m/s) and indicate a high risk of advanced fibrosis ≥10.4 kPa (≥1.86 m/s).
Experiences in Routine Genetic Analysis of Hereditary Hemorrhagic, Thrombotic, and Platelet Disorders
Authors: Pezeshkpoor B. , Oldenburg J. , Pavlova A.
Published: March 2022

Hemostasis is a complex and tightly regulated system that attempts to maintain a homeostatic balance to permit normal blood flow, without bleeding or thrombosis. Hemostasis reflects the subtle balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant factors in the pathways of primary hemostasis, secondary hemostasis, and fibrinolysis. The major components in this interplay include the vascular endothelium, platelets, coagulation factors, and fibrinolytic factors. After vessel wall injury, the subendothelium is exposed to the blood stream, followed by rapid activation of platelets via collagen binding and von Willebrand factor–mediated platelet adhesion to the damaged vessel wall through platelet glycoprotein receptor Ib/IX/V. Activated platelets change their shape, release bioactive molecules from their granules, and expose negatively charged phospholipids on their surface. For a proper function of this process, an adequate number of functional platelets are required. Subsequently, a rapid generation of sufficient amounts of thrombin begins; followed by activation of the coagulation system and its coagulation factors (secondary hemostasis), generating fibrin that consolidates the platelet plug. To maintain equilibrium between coagulation and anticoagulation, the naturally occurring anticoagulants such as protein C, protein S, and antithrombin keep this process in balance. Deficiencies (inherited or acquired) at any level of this fine-tuned system result in pathologic bleedings or increased hypercoagulability states leading to thrombosis. This review will focus on genetic diagnosis of inherited bleeding, thrombotic, and platelet disorders, discussing strengths and limitations of existing diagnostic settings and genetic tools and highlight some important considerations necessary for clinical application.
Advances in the Synthesis of Enterobactin, Artificial Analogues, and Enterobactin-Derived Antimicrobial Drug Conjugates and Imaging Tools for Infection Diagnosis
Authors: Klahn Philipp , Zscherp Robert , Jimidar Claire C.
Published: March 2022

Iron is an essential growth factor for bacteria, but although highly abundant in nature, its bioavailability during infection in the human host or the environment is limited. Therefore, bacteria produce and secrete siderophores to ensure their supply of iron. The triscatecholate siderophore enterobactin and its glycosylated derivatives, the salmochelins, play a crucial role for iron acquisition in several bacteria. As these compounds can serve as carrier molecules for the design of antimicrobial siderophore drug conjugates as well as siderophore-derived tool compounds for the detection of infections with bacteria, their synthesis and the design of artificial analogues is of interest. In this review, we give an overview on the synthesis of enterobactin, biomimetic as well as totally artificial analogues, and related drug-conjugates covering up to 12/2021.

1 Introduction

2 Antibiotic Crisis and Sideromycins as Natural Templates for New Antimicrobial Drugs

3 Biosynthesis of Enterobactin, Salmochelins, and Microcins

4 Total Synthesis of Enterobactin and Salmochelins

5 Chemoenzymatic Semi-synthesis of Salmochelins and Microcin E492m Derivatives

6 Synthesis of Biomimetic Enterobactin Derivatives with Natural Tris-lactone Backbone

7 Synthesis of Artificial Enterobactin Derivatives without Tris-lactone Backbone

8 Conclusions
Efficacy and Safety of Edoxaban in Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: A Real World Retrospective Study
Authors: Grifoni Elisa , Baroncelli Andrea , Pinto Gabriele , Cosentino Eleonora , Micheletti Irene , Signorini Ira , Panigada Grazia , Landini Giancarlo , Masotti Luca
Published: March 2022

Introduction Few data exist on the use of edoxaban in cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) outside of clinical trials. Aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of these patients in a real world clinical setting.

Methods We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics of patients with cancer-associated VTE who were prescribed edoxaban. Follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months was performed: VTE recurrences, bleedings, mortality, cancer progression and treatment, edoxaban interruption and its reason were assessed.

Results Fifty-four patients, 38 females (70.4%), mean age 71 ± 14 years, were enrolled. In 38 patients (70.4%), the episode of VTE was the first one, in 28 (51.8%) it was an isolated deep vein thrombosis (DVT), in 13 (24.1%) a pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with DVT, in 13 (24.1%) an isolated PE. Median time between cancer and VTE diagnosis was 6 (interquartile range [IQR] 2–47) months. Median time between VTE diagnosis and edoxaban prescription was 36 (IQR 7–117) days. At 3, 6, and 12 months the incidence of all-cause mortality was 16.6, 22.2, and 38.8%, that of VTE recurrence 1.8, 1.8, and 3.7%, and that of major bleeding 7.4, 9.2, and 12.9%, respectively. No bleeding was fatal. Of the 33 patients alive at 12 months, 32 (96.9%) were still on edoxaban therapy, in seven (21.2%) cancer was in progression.

Conclusion Our study, conducted on a real world population of patients with cancer-associated VTE, confirms the results of randomized controlled clinical trials, and supports the use of edoxaban as effective and safe treatment in this context.
Dimerization of 3-Chlorooxindoles Mediated by Potassium Ethyl­xanthate: Synthesis of Isoindigos
Authors: Meesin Jatuporn , Chotsaeng Nawasit , Kuhakarn Chutima
Published: March 2022

A novel dimerization of 3-chlorooxindoles promoted by potassium ethylxanthate to access isoindigo derivatives is described. The reactions proceeded readily at room temperature in short reaction times. A mechanistic study revealed that the 3-chlorooxindole is initially converted into O-ethyl S-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl) dithiocarbonate, which subsequently undergoes dimerization with elimination of carbon disulfide. In almost all cases, analytically pure isoindigos were isolated in moderate to good yields without a requirement for chromatographic purification.
Measurement of Gastric Emptying Using a 13C-octanoic Acid
Breath Test with Wagner-Nelson Analysis and Scintigraphy in Type 2
Diabetes
Authors: Trahair Laurence G , Nauck Michael A , Wu Tongzhi , Stevens Julie E , Buttfield Madeline D , Hatzinikolas Seva , Pham Hung , Meier Juris J , Rayner Christopher K , Horowitz Michael , Jones Karen L
Published: March 2022

Introduction Breath tests utilising 13C-labelled substrates for
the assessment of gastric emptying have been applied widely. Wagner-Nelson
analysis is a pharmacokinetic model that can be utilised to generate a gastric
emptying curve from the % 13CO2 measured
in breath samples. We compared Wagner-Nelson analysis with (i) scintigraphy and
(ii) conventional breath test modelling to quantify gastric emptying in type 2
diabetes.

Methods Thirteen patients (age 68.1±1.5 years, body mass index
31.0±0.9 kg/m2, HbA1c
6.3±0.2%) consumed a mashed potato meal comprising 65 g
powdered potato, 20 g glucose, 250 ml water, an egg yolk
labelled with 100 μL 13C-octanoic acid and 20MBq
99mTc-calcium phytate. Scintigraphic data were acquired and
breath samples collected for 4 hours after the meal. Gastric emptying
curves were derived based on each technique; the 50% emptying time and
intragastric retention at 60 min were also calculated.

Results With Wagner-Nelson analysis, a Kel=0.60 (the
elimination constant) best approximated the scintigraphic gastric emptying
curve. There was a relationship between the T50 calculated with scintigraphy and
by both Wagner-Nelson Kel=0.60 (r2=0.45,
P<0.05) and conventional analysis (r2=0.44,
P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the 50% gastric
emptying time for scintigraphy (68.5±4.8 min) and Wagner-Nelson
Kel=0.60 (71.3±4.5 min), however, the
50% gastric emptying time calculated by conventional analysis was much
greater at 164.7±6.0 min (P<0.001).

Conclusion In type 2 diabetes, gastric emptying of a mashed potato meal
measured using a 13C-octanoic acid breath test analysed with
Wagner-Nelson Kel=0.60 closely reflects measurements obtained
with scintigraphy, whereas, in absolute terms, the conventional breath test
analysis does not.
Direct Synthesis of Disubstituted Trifluoromethylthiolated Alkenes
Authors: Fichez Jeanne , Dupommier Dorian , Besset Tatiana
Published: March 2022

In the field of organofluorine chemistry, the quest for emergent fluorinated groups is in high demand. In particular, the scientific community has shown special interest in the SCF3 residue thanks to its unique properties. Indeed, over the last decade, the SCF3 group has become a pivotal fluorinated moiety, as demonstrated by several SCF3-containing compounds of interest, and, related to that, the steadily increasing number of synthetic methods that are available to access such molecules. In this Short Review, the main advances made for the synthesis of trifluoromethylthiolated disubstituted alkenes will be discussed and highlighted.

1 Introduction

2 Trifluoromethylthiolation of Prefunctionalized Alkenes

3 Direct C–H Trifluoromethylthiolation of Alkenes

4 Trifluoromethylthiolation of Miscellaneous Derivatives

5 Conclusion
Active and Latent Tuberculosis in Children Treated with Anti-TNF-α: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Dalgic Nazan , Sahin Ayse , Torun Selda Hancerli , Kaba Ozge , Onal Pinar , Yilmaz Ayse Tekin , Turel Ozden , Yasar Belma , Kara Manolya , Aygun Deniz , Kilinc Ayse , Oncel Selim , Duramaz Burcu Bursal , Urganci Nafiye , Somer Ayper , Cokugras Haluk , Arisoy Emin Sami
Published: March 2022

Objective This study aimed to investigate the frequency of latent and active tuberculosis (TB) in pediatric patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy.

Methods Patients younger than 18 years with various inflammatory diseases and treated with anti-TNF-α agents in the past five years were included in the study. The patients' ages, follow-ups, medications received, clinical and laboratory findings, and treatments applied were recorded retrospectively.

Results Of the 160 patients included in the study, 78 (48.8%) were girls. The mean age was 139.54 ± 48.74 (30–226) months. Sixty (37.5%) patients had inflammatory eye disease, 55 (34.4%) had rheumatologic and autoimmune disease, and 45 (28.1%) had inflammatory bowel disease. As anti-TNF-α treatment, 67 (41.9%) patients received adalimumab, 50 (31.2%) received infliximab, and 43 (26.9%) received etanercept. As a result of TB screening performed prior to the treatment, 44 (25.4%) patients were started on isoniazid treatment with the diagnosis of latent TB. During follow-up, latent TB infection was detected in 16 (9.2%) patients and isoniazid treatment was started. The time to develop latent TB under anti-TNF-α treatment ranged from 3 to 28 months. During the treatment, active TB infection developed in two (1.2%) patients and anti-TB treatment was initiated.

Conclusion It is of vital importance to evaluate patients receiving, or planned to receive, anti-TNF-α treatment, for TB infection and to initiate appropriate treatments if latent or active TB infection is identified.
Validity and Reliability of Quick Motor Function Test in Ambulatory Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients
Authors: Imamoglu Sena , Kenis-Coskun Ozge , Deveci Mehmet , Ozturk Gulten , Karadag-Saygi Evrim
Published: March 2022

The quick motor function test (QMFT) is used to evaluate Pompe patients' motor function. This study aims to evaluate the convergent validity and reliability of the cross-culturally adapted Turkish version of QMFT in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with DMD were included in the study. The QMFT was translated and adapted to Turkish. The functionality of the patients was assessed with the north star ambulatory assessment (NSAA) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT); muscle strength was evaluated with a hand-held dynamometer. There were two separate practitioners on the first day of the QMFT study; it was applied a second time by the first practitioner 14 days later. The mean age of DMD patients was 9.03 ± 3.39 (minimum 4–maximum 18 . Twenty-seven patients concluded all the necessary assessments. Intrarater reliability of QMFT in patients with DMD was intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.98, and interrater reliability ICC = 0.98 was excellent. QMFT correlated very well with 6MWT (r
s = 0.86; p < 0.001) and NSAA (r
s = 0.91; p < 0.001). Both the QMFT and NSAA show stronger correlations with proximal muscle groups (convergent validity) than with distal muscle groups (divergent validity). QMFT is a reliable and valid test for evaluating motor function in patients with DMD.
Scaling limit for a family of coalescing radial random paths absorbed at the origin
Authors: Coletti Cristian F. , Valencia Leon A.
Published: March 2022

We introduce a system of coalescing random paths with radial behavior in a subset of the plane. We call it the discrete radial Poissonian web. We show that locally and under diffusive scaling, this family converges in distribution to a mapping of a restriction of the Brownian web.
A thermal conductivity sensor based on mixed carbon material modification for hydrogen detection
Authors: Zou Zhihui , Zhang Hongquan , Sun Yongyi , Gao Yanbin , Dou Ligang
Published: March 2022

In order to overcome the many shortcomings of traditional hot-wire thermal conductivity sensor design, a new design method was proposed in which a graphene–composite carbon nanotube mixed carbon material was used as a thermal conductivity sensor carrier instead of nano-alumina particles. Taking advantage of the large specific surface area and high thermal conductivity of graphene, as well as the characteristics of a large number of gas transport channels modified by carbon nanotubes, a high-efficiency gas heat exchange medium is made. In order to improve the consistency of the product, electrochemical preparation of an aluminum oxide film material is used to make the chip substrate of the thermal conductivity sensor by MEMS process technology, and the heating sensitive electrode of the sensor is made by a thick film process. Experiments show that the sensor prepared by this method has high sensitivity and zero point stability and has greatly improved the detection accuracy and response time. The sensitivity of the sensor to hydrogen detection increases to 3.287 mV/1%H2, and the response time is shorter than 5.4 s. The research results have good application prospects.
Robotized polarization characterization platform for free-space quantum communication optics
Authors: Lee Youn Seok , Mohammadi Kimia , Babcock Lindsay , Higgins Brendon L. , Podmore Hugh , Jennewein Thomas
Published: March 2022

We develop a polarization characterization platform for optical devices in free-space quantum communications. We demonstrate an imaging polarimeter, which analyzes both incident polarization states and the angle of incidence, attached to a six-axis collaborative robot arm, enabling polarization characterization at any position and direction with consistent precision. We present a detailed description of each subsystem, including the calibration and polarization-test procedure, and analyze polarization measurement errors caused by imperfect orientations of the robot arm using a Mueller-matrix model of polarimeters at tilt incidence. We perform a proof-of-principle experiment for an angle-dependent polarization test for a commercial silver-coated mirror for which the polarization states of the reflected light can be accurately calculated. Quantitative agreement between the theory and experiment validates our methodology. We demonstrate the polarization test for a 20.3 cm lens designed for a quantum optical transmitter in Canada’s Quantum Encryption and Science Satellite mission.
Non-contact electrocardiogram measuring method based on capacitance coupling electrodes with ultra-high input impedance
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Wang Yifeng , Li Chenjie , Xu Zhengyi , Zhao Zheng , Raza Syed Ali , Wang Yangang
Published: March 2022

With the development of remote cardiac healthcare, wearable devices for electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring are stringent requirements to cope with this rapid growth of demands. Due to the advantages of no-contact ECG measuring methods in safety, convenience, and comfortableness, it is more suitable for wearable long-term ECG monitoring than the conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes. The capacitance coupling printed circuit board (PCB) electrode with ultra-high input impedance proposed in this paper can realize non-contact ECG measurement through a multi-layer insulating medium. Then, an eight-channel ECG signal processing circuit is also designed and fabricated. In addition, the following important performance properties of the non-contact ECG measuring system, such as the input impedance, the phase-frequency characteristic, the amplitude–frequency characteristic, the coupling coefficient, and the input short-circuit input noise, were all experimentally measured. The synchronous comparison between the Ag/AgCl electrode and the PCB electrode was also conducted to verify the accuracy of the non-contact measuring method. Finally, the influence of the lead positions, coupling medium parameters, and the body motion states was also experimentally studied. The results demonstrate that the proposed non-contact ECG measuring method based on capacitance coupling PCB electrodes can effectively collect the main components of ECG signals and cardiac rhythm in various situations.
Improved performance in microsphere-assisted 2D and 3D imaging by polystyrene microspheres semi-immersed in SU-8 resist
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Yang Songlin , Wang Xiaoqing , Cao Yurong
Published: March 2022

In this work, we introduce a method to improve the performance of microsphere-assisted imaging by optimizing the refractive index of immersion media. In the method, polystyrene (PS) microspheres are semi-immersed in water, spin-on-glass, SU-8 resist, and S1805 resist. We experimentally find that the distortion of the image observed by a PS microsphere semi-immersed in SU-8 resist is the smallest while the resolution of the semi-immersed microsphere is the highest. ZEMAX software simulations show that PS microspheres semi-immersed in SU-8 resist have the smallest distortion and spherical aberration. Moreover, numerical simulations also reveal that they have the strongest peak intensity, the narrowest waist, and the shortest focal length of the photonic nanojet. When the semi-immersed PS microsphere is used in microsphere-assisted microscopy, a 200-nm-diameter hexagonally close-packed (hcp) silica nanoparticle array can be clearly distinguished. When they are used in microsphere-assisted interference microscopy, a 250-nm-diameter hcp silica nanoparticle array can be resolved.