bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O ensino de administração da UNIJUÍ: quatro décadas de história
Authors: Teixeira Enise Barth , Wissmann Alexandre Dal Molin
Published: January 2013

O artigo objetiva resgatar e descrever a história dos quarenta anos do curso de Administração da Unijuí, situado na cidade de Ijuí/RS. O desenvolvimento deste estudo baseia-se na análise de documentos históricos e nas percepções dos três professores precursores, explorando as memórias, sobretudo os aspectos mais marcantes ao longo dessa trajetória. A pesquisa classifica-se como exploratória qualitativa. O estudo de caso constitui-se na estratégia de investigação. Os procedimentos técnicos empregados foram pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo. A entrevista semi-estruturada foi a técnica utilizada para a coleta dos dados empíricos. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam os desafios e as dificuldades enfrentados, assim como fatos relevantes vivenciados ao longo das quatro décadas de ensino de Administração na Unijuí. A retomada da história do curso de Administração sob a ótica dos docentes pioneiros e de documentos históricos reveste-se de significativa importância no tocante à memória desta graduação na linha do tempo, assegurando deste modo a armazenagem de informações e seus significados. A história, além de recuperar o passado, permite melhor compreensão do presente, e assim projetar o futuro do ensino da Administração e sua contribuição no desenvolvimento regional sustentável.
Desafios e perspectivas da gestão por competência na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Authors: Burigo Carla Cristina Dutra , Laureano Rogerio Joao
Published: January 2013

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender como se desenvolveu o processo de implantação da Gestão por Competência na UFSC, no período de maio/2008 a maio/2012 com a homologação do Decreto nº 5.707, de 23 de fevereiro de 2006, (BRASIL, 2006) por meio da visão dos gestores administrativos. Com o advento do neoliberalismo, na década de 90, surgem novas práticas de gestão que buscam a competitividade e um comportamento estratégico dos trabalhadores em busca de resultados concretos. O Decreto nº 5.707/2006 (BRASIL, 2006), vem delimitar uma ação estratégica gerencial neste sentido, por meio da Gestão por Competência. Este estudo caracteriza-se por um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, fundamentado teoricamente e metodologicamente na busca das causas mediatas e imediatas do fenômeno investigado, com o intuito de compreender as representações historicamente intrínsecas no desenvolvimento deste fenômeno. A partir dos resultados desta pesquisa, é possível identificar como principais desafios diante do processo de implantação da Gestão por Competência na UFSC, uma maior interação no gerenciamento entre as ações da área de Gestão de Pessoas e a área de Planejamento, com vistas ao processo de desenvolvimento Institucional, bem como, delinear diretrizes identificando que universidade estamos construindo e que universidade desejamos construir.
A trajetória e a funcionalidade da universidade pública brasileira
Authors: Falqueto Júnia Maria Zandonade , Farias Josivania Silva
Published: January 2013

Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre o modelo de gestão das universidades federais brasileiras. O objetivo principal é analisar a influência de dois importantes modelos de gestão pública (a burocracia e o gerencialismo) na gestão universitária do País. Inicialmente, discute-se a trajetória da universidade na América Latina, enfatizando o histórico brasileiro. Em seguida, analisa-se a influência do modelo burocrático. Por fim, delineia-se a lógica gerencial na gestão da educação superior brasileira, admitindo se tratar de um novo paradigma à gestão universitária. Parte-se de um aparato teórico que subsidia o desenvolvimento da discussão acerca da trajetória e da funcionalidade dessas instituições. Os resultados evidenciaram que as universidades brasileiras são geridas a partir de estruturas burocráticas, ocasionando um cenário de conflitos na tomada de decisão e de pouca eficiência, embora já se verifique, na literatura e também no cotidiano dessas organizações, o discurso gerencialista, que pressupõe o ajuste das universidades à lógica de gestão do setor privado. Não se defende aqui que universidades públicas devam ser desvirtuadas para a lógica privatizadora do bem público e gratuito, tampouco percam sua autonomia. Porém, seria salutar repensar o combate às características prejudiciais à sua gestão: o corporativismo, o excesso de regras e a rigidez.
A educação a distância no ensino superior e a lógica das competências
Authors: Gilberto Irene Jeanete Lemos
Published: January 2013

A expansão de cursos de licenciatura a distância tem gerado debates sobre a qualidade de ensino e a formação de professores. Os documentos oficiais que tratam da educação a distância, ao enfatizar a formação de qualidade, sinalizam que, na dinâmica pedagógica da educação a distância, o professor é um elemento imprescindível para o processo da aprendizagem e, como tal, precisa estar bem preparado, conhecer as tecnologias, sem limitar-se ao tecnicismo. O texto põe em discussão questões voltadas para a educação a distância, partindo do pressuposto de que, sendo a universidade o espaço livre da produção do conhecimento, torna-se fundamental compreender a educação a distância como prática social e política que possibilita o desenvolvimento da autonomia do educando. O trabalho aborda essas questões com base em resultado de pesquisa realizada com professores que atuam em cursos de licenciatura na modalidade a distância, e tem por objetivo trazer reflexões sobre a formação, que envolve a lógica das competências. Considerando a concepção nuclear de qualidade nos documentos oficiais, os resultados da pesquisa apontaram o redirecionamento dado pelos pesquisadores à questão das competências, dentro de uma perspectiva crítica que busca revitalizar a compreensão dos saberes nos processos de aprendizagem.
Proposta de melhoria no desempenho nas funções administrativas em uma universidade federal
Authors: Pacheco Andressa Sasaki Vasques , Rissi Maurício , Pacheco Anderson Sasaki Vasques , Stelzer Joana , Almeida Mário de Souza
Published: January 2013

Este artigo trata-se de uma proposta aos Reitores de Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior e de suas equipes, abordando aspectos fundamentais da administração, em especial as funções administrativas que devem ser adotadas para zelar pelo princípio da eficiência ao qual o serviço público federal deve cumprir. Para realizar tal proposta, foram debatidas teorias da administração quanto às funções administrativas, assim como o histórico e estrutura das universidades. Como método para alcançar o objetivo, trata-se esse trabalho como uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, realizada através de uma análise de conteúdo de seis entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os servidores técnicos administrativos de uma Universidade Federal. Através das informações (críticas e sugestões) coletadas dos entrevistados, verificou-se que todas as funções administrativas apresentavam melhorias a serem implantadas. Nesse sentido, desenvolveu-se uma proposta com cinco sugestões de ordem temporal para a melhoria dos processos administrativos de uma Universidade Federal, concluindo que essas poderiam ser acatadas em futuros projetos de gestão da Instituição.
Satellite observation of lowermost tropospheric ozone by multispectral synergism of IASI thermal infrared and GOME-2 ultraviolet measurements
Authors: Cuesta J. , Eremenko M. , Liu X. , Dufour G. , Cai Z. , Höpfner M. , von Clarmann T. , Sellitto P. , Foret G. , Gaubert B. , Beekmann M. , Orphal J. , Chance K. , Spurr R. , Flaud J.-M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. We present a new multispectral approach for observing lowermost tropospheric ozone from space by synergism of atmospheric radiances in the thermal infrared (TIR) observed by IASI and earth reflectances in the ultraviolet (UV) measured by GOME-2. Both instruments are onboard the series of MetOp satellites (in orbit since 2006 and expected until 2022) and their scanning capabilities offer global coverage every day, with a relatively fine ground pixel resolution (12-km-diameter pixels spaced by 25 km for IASI at nadir). Our technique uses altitude-dependent Tikhonov-Phillips-type constraints, which optimize sensitivity to lower tropospheric ozone. It integrates the VLIDORT and KOPRA radiative transfer codes for simulating UV reflectance and TIR radiance, respectively. We have used our method to analyse real observations over Europe during an ozone pollution episode in the summer of 2009. The results show that the multispectral synergism of IASI (TIR) and GOME-2 (UV) enables the observation of the spatial distribution of ozone plumes in the lowermost troposphere (LMT, from the surface up to 3 km a.s.l., above sea level), in good quantitative agreement with the CHIMERE regional chemistry-transport model. When high ozone concentrations extend vertically above 3 km a.s.l., they are similarly observed over land by both the multispectral and IASI retrievals. On the other hand, ozone plumes located below 3 km a.s.l. are only clearly depicted by the multispectral retrieval (both over land and over ocean). This is achieved by a clear enhancement of sensitivity to ozone in the lowest atmospheric layers. The multispectral sensitivity in the LMT peaks at 2 to 2.5 km a.s.l. over land, while sensitivity for IASI or GOME-2 only peaks at 3 to 4 km a.s.l. at lowest (above the LMT). The degrees of freedom for the multispectral retrieval increase by 40% (21%) with respect to IASI only retrievals for atmospheric partial columns up to 3 km a.s.l. (6 km a.s.l.). Validations with ozonesondes show that our synergetic approach for combining IASI (TIR) and GOME-2 (UV) measurements retrieves lowermost tropospheric ozone with a mean bias of 2% and a precision of 16%, when smoothing by the retrieval vertical sensitivity (1% mean bias and 24% precision for direct comparisons).
MAX-DOAS observations of the total atmospheric water vapour column and comparison with independent observations
Authors: Wagner T. , Andreae M. O. , Beirle S. , Dörner S. , Mies K. , Shaiganfar R.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. We developed an algorithm for the retrieval of the atmospheric water vapour column from Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations in the yellow and red spectral range. The retrieval is based on the so-called geometric approximation and does not depend on explicit a priori information for individual observations, extensive radiative transfer simulations, or the construction of large look-up tables. Disturbances of the radiative transfer due to aerosols and clouds are simply corrected using the simultaneously measured absorptions of the oxygen dimer, O4. We applied our algorithm to MAX-DOAS observations made at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany, from March to August 2011, and compared the results to independent observations. Good agreement with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) H2O vertical column densities (VCDs) is found, while the agreement with satellite observations is less good, most probably caused by the shielding effect of clouds for the satellite observations. Good agreement is also found with near-surface in situ observations, and it was possible to derive average daily H2O scale heights (between 1.5 km and 3 km). MAX-DOAS measurements use cheap and simple instrumentation and can be run automatically. One important advantage of our algorithm is that the H2O VCD can be retrieved even under cloudy conditions (except clouds with very high optical thickness).
Reconstruction of northeast Asia spring temperature 1784–1990
Authors: Ohyama M. , Yonenobu H. , Choi J.-N. , Park W.-K. , Hanzawa M. , Suzuki M.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. We describe a first attempt of wide-area dendroclimatic reconstruction, based upon seven spring temperature-sensitive chronologies from the ring widths of living trees, in Japan and Korea. Mean March–May temperature derived from a gridded land air temperature dataset (CRUTEM4) between 35–40° N and 125–140° E was reconstructed for the period of AD 1784–1990. Of the seven, two Japanese chronologies were eliminated during the calibration trials. The reconstruction accounted for 19.4% of the temperature variance in the calibration period, and is considered to be skillful for estimating interannual-to-interdecadal variations and not for long-term change. This reconstruction showed remarkably similar fluctuations to regional dendroclimatic reconstructions in Japan and Korea, indicating the past spatial coherency of spring temperatures in the region. The reconstruction was validated against other climate proxies. A fairly good agreement was found with cold periods as estimated from documentary records in southeast China and Japan. The west Japan temperature series recovered from instrumental records also showed a reasonable agreement with the reconstruction. On the other hand, the reconstruction did not show clear abrupt depressions after the Laki and the Tambora eruptions. These comparisons revealed that dendroclimatic spatial reconstruction in this area offers a good potential for reconstructing long-term and large-scale past temperature patterns for northeast Asia.
Tephrostratigraphic studies on a sediment core from Lake Prespa in the Balkans
Authors: Damaschke M. , Sulpizio R. , Zanchetta G. , Wagner B. , Böhm A. , Nowaczyk N. , Rethemeyer J. , Hilgers A.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. A detailed tephrostratigraphic record, which dates back to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5b (ca. 91 kyr), has been established from a 17.76 m long core (Co1215) from Lake Prespa (Macedonia, Albania and Greece). A total of eleven tephra and cryptotephra layers (PT0915-1 to PT0915-11) were identified, using XRF scanning, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and macro- and microscopic inspection of the sediments. The major element composition of glass shards and/or micro-pumice fragments indicates that the tephras and cryptotephras originate from the explosive volcanism of Italy. Eight tephra and cryptotephra layers were correlated with specific volcanic eruptions: the AD 512 eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (1438 cal yr BP), the Mercato eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (8890 ± 90 cal yr BP), the Tufi Biancastri/LN1-LN2 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (14 749 ± 523 cal yr BP and 15 551 ± 621 cal yr BP), the SMP1-e/Y-3 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (30 000–31 000 cal yr BP), the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y-5 eruption of the Campi Flegrei (39 280 ± 110 cal yr BP), the SMP1-a event of Ischia Island (around 44 000 cal yr BP) and the Green Tuff/Y-6 eruption of Pantelleria Island (around 45 000 cal yr BP). One tephra could be attributed to the volcanic activity of Mount Etna, but probably represents an unknown eruption at ca. 60 000 cal yr BP. Cryptotephras PT0915-6 and PT0915-10 remain unclassified so far, but according to the presented age-depth model these would have been deposited around 35 000 and 48 500 cal yr BP, respectively. Some of the tephras and cryptotephras are recognised for the first time in the Balkan region. The tephrostratigraphic work provides important information about ash dispersal and explosion patterns of source volcanoes and can be used to correlate and date geographically distant paleoenvironmental and archaeological archives in the central Mediterranean region. Moreover, the tephrostratigraphic work in combination with radiocarbon and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating is a precondition for paleoclimatic reconstructions inferred from the sediment succession Co1215.
An estimate of global glacier volume
Authors: Grinsted A.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. I assess the feasibility of using multivariate scaling relationships to estimate glacier volume from glacier inventory data. Scaling laws are calibrated against volume observations optimized for the specific purpose of estimating total global glacier ice volume. I find that adjustments for continentality and elevation range improve skill of area–volume scaling. These scaling relationships are applied to each record in the Randolph Glacier Inventory, which is the first globally complete inventory of glaciers and ice caps. I estimate that the total volume of all glaciers in the world is 0.35 ± 0.07 m sea level equivalent, including ice sheet peripheral glaciers. This is substantially less than a recent state-of-the-art estimate. Area–volume scaling bias issues for large ice masses, and incomplete inventory data are offered as explanations for the difference.
Alpine permafrost thawing during the Medieval Warm Period identified from cryogenic cave carbonates
Authors: Luetscher M. , Borreguero M. , Moseley G. E. , Spötl C. , Edwards R. L.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Coarse crystalline cryogenic cave carbonates (CCCcoarse) dated to the last glacial period are common in central European caves and provide convincing evidence of palaeo-permafrost during this time. Little is known, however, about the exact nature of the environment in which CCCcoarse formed as no modern analogue setting is known. Here, we report the first findings of sub-recent, albeit inactive, CCCcoarse from a cave of the Western Alps which is located in the present-day permafrost zone. The globular shape and the presence of ubiquitous euhedral crystal terminations are comparable to previously described aggregates from the last glacial period and strongly suggest that these aggregates formed subaqueously in pools lacking agitation. Furthermore, stable isotope values of mm-sized spheroids point to calcite precipitation in a closed system with respect to CO2 strongly supporting the hypothesis of a cryogenic origin associated with the freezing of water ponds. U-series analyses revealed three clusters of late Holocene calcite precipitation intervals between 2129 and 751 a b2k. These ages correlate with known periods of elevated summer temperatures, suggesting that warming and thawing of the permafrozen catchment above the cave allowed water infiltration into the karst system. The growth of CCCcoarse resulted from the re-freezing of this water in the still cold karst cavities.
Implementing point-of-care testing to improve outcomes
Authors: Lewandrowski Elizabeth Lee , Lewandrowski Kent
Published: January 2013

Point-of-care testing (POCT) is defined as testing performed outside of the central laboratory at or near the patient’s bedside. A number of devices have been developed that permit a wide menu of tests to be performed at the POC. In most cases the unit cost of POC tests is greater than similar testing performed in the central laboratory. For this reason when implementing POCT it is important to demonstrate an improvement in outcomes to justify the added incremental cost of the testing. Outcomes may be classified as either medical outcomes, financial outcomes or outcomes reflecting an improvement in clinical operations or efficiency. In most cases where outcomes have been demonstrated for POCT the impact has been to improve the efficiency of clinical operations. Less often POCT has been linked to an improvement in medical outcomes. This paper will describe selected case studies available in the literature to demonstrate how improved outcomes can be achieved and documented from POCT in a variety of different settings.
Offsetting water conservation costs to achieve net‐zero water use
Authors: Olmos Kendra C. , Loge Frank J.
Published: January 2013

Achieving net‐zero water use (in which annual potable water use is no greater than annual rainfall) and achieving reasonable payback periods for water conservation measures were investigated for a proposed mixed‐use housing development in Davis, Calif. Water efficiency scenarios were analyzed for indoor water use and landscape watering, along with the use of graywater and rainwater on landscaping. Potential cost savings were found in both water utility reductions associated with water conservation and energy efficiency associated with decreases in hot water use. The feasibility of selling carbon offset credits in California's new cap‐and‐trade program by reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with the water–energy nexus was also investigated. Results indicated the feasibility of achieving net‐zero water use at the scale of a single‐family residence and the entire community through indoor and landscaping water conservation measures without the need for graywater or rainwater reuse.
Pushing the conservation envelope through the use of alternate water sources
Authors: Kehoe Paula , Rhodes Sarah
Published: January 2013

To further reduce the already low residential and commercial demand in San Francisco, the city's public utilities commission is looking to nontraditional sources such as graywater and blackwater to promote onsite nonpotable water use.
Committee Report: Metrics & methods for MF/UF system optimization
Authors:   Membrane Process Committee of the Technical and Educational Council, Water Quality and Technology Division
Published: January 2013

AWWA's Membrane Process Committee of the Technical and Educational Council, Water Quality and Technology Division, has compiled this information to serve as both a reference and a platform for building the knowledge base regarding microfiltration/ultrafiltration system performance, tracking, troubleshooting, and optimization.
Lactoferrin in Malignant Human Tumours: New Insights from an Immunohistochemical Meta-Analysis
Authors: A. Ieni  , V. Barresi  , G. Giuffrè  , G. Tuccari
Published: January 2013

Lactoferrin (LF), an iron-binding glycoprotein, is well known to have different physiological activities in humans; in normal conditions, it has been found in milk, blood, urine as well as in many external and mucosal secretions. Herein we have performed a meta-analysis regarding LF immunohistochemical expression as well as its localization pattern in human malignant tumours obtained from personal observations and literature suggestions. The observed heterogeneity in LF immunoexpression between different malignancies as well as inside the same tumour was also discussed in order to acquire a possible explanation for its presence and function. We suggest that neoplastic elements should be able to produce LF in order to make a greater amount of iron available for their turnover; alternatively, the localization of LF in malignant cells may not reflect an intracellular synthesis, reflecting instead the degree of trans-membranous iron transfer as the consequence of defective or functionally impaired LF-receptors, already documented elsewhere on the surface of target cells as well as in human neoplastic cell lines.
A Real-Time Quantitative PCR Assay for Quantification of c-Myc DNA in Patients who Suffers from Leukemia
Authors: Hasibe Cingilli Vural  , Sadettin Ünsal  , Gizem Tosunal
Published: January 2013

The MYC cancer gene contains instructions for the production of the c-Myc protein. The c-Myc protein is known as a transcription factor or a regulator of other genes. It is a protein that binds DNA at specific sites and instructs genes whether or not they should be transcribed into messages for cells to make additional or other new proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) addresses the evident requirement for quantitative data analysis in molecular medicine, biotechnology, microbiology, archaeometry and diagnostics and has become the method of choice for the quantification of cDNA and nDNA. Therefore, we used Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays can target either DNA (the genome) or cDNA, namely used for research both DNA. We optimized a method for monitoring quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of c-Myc cancer gene in patients with leukemia. We describe qRT-PCR a series of protocols that illustrate the essential technical steps required to generate quantitative data that are reliable and reproducible. In addition, our aim is to also quantify extracted DNA and determine its purity and the validation of extracted DNA from patients with leukemia including active Myc gene family. We also believe these protocols will be accessible to the researchers to provide them reliable data in this protocol. These analytical methods are essential for accurate gene quantification. With reference to, advantages of qRT-PCR are a large dynamic range of quantification, no requirement for post-PCR sample handling and the need for very small amounts of starting material. The specificity, reproducibility and detection limit of the assay was examined. The assay was used to monitor c-myc DNA levels in patients with leukemia.
« Le duo des voix équivoques ». Qui parle chez Garneau ?
Authors: Boisclair Antoine
Published: January 2013

Il n’est plus à prouver que la génération de La Relève fut la première, au Canada français, à interroger l’identité du sujet en dehors de paramètres strictement religieux ou nationalistes. Afin de montrer comment la poésie et les textes en prose de Saint-Denys Garneau font écho à ce questionnement, la plupart des lecteurs ont souligné à juste titre l’influence exercée chez lui par le personnalisme et l’existentialisme chrétiens. Sans chercher à réfuter cette lecture, nous pouvons élargir à d’autres horizons le contexte artistique et intellectuel dans lequel Garneau élabore ses théories du sujet. À partir d’une lecture de poème (« Tous et chacun »), nous proposons ici d’établir des parallèles entre le sujet garnélien, qui tend à s’effacer au profit d’une « voix » incertaine, et les conceptions de l’instance créatrice que l’on retrouve chez des auteurs plus ou moins contemporains de Garneau. Nous constatons notamment qu’une des fonctions principales que Garneau assigne au sujet poétique (« établir un ordre intelligible entre les choses » de manière à révéler des « harmonies ») s’inscrit dans une tradition moderne à laquelle se rattachent notamment Claudel et Reverdy. Dans une perspective plus large, nous pouvons croire que Garneau, à l’instar de Valéry, a tenté d’ouvrir le sujet à l’extériorité sensible sans pour autant abolir le Je. Il appartient à la « fin de l’intériorité », selon la formule employée par Laurent Jenny, mais aussi à toute une série d’écrivains ayant privilégié la « conscience » — celle de soi et celle des autres — au détriment de l’« imagination » telle qu’elle fut conçue par les surréalistes. Le sujet garnélien, cette « voix équivoque » qui se mêle au paysage, trouve ainsi son équilibre « entre deux mondes », entre intériorité et extériorité, mais aussi entre la conscience et l’effacement.
De la difficulté de traduire Saint-Denys Garneau en anglais1
Authors: Blodgett Edward D.
Published: January 2013

Bien que les poèmes de Saint-Denys Garneau aient attiré l’attention d’un bon nombre de traducteurs et de traductrices anglophones, les deux qui ont le mieux réussi sont F. R. Scott et John Glassco, deux poètes associés au groupe de McGill, lequel était actif à l’époque de Saint-Denys Garneau. Leur rapport avec le poète québécois sera abordé en deux volets. Dans un premier temps, je décris les contextes historiques reliés à l’émergence de la poésie de Saint-Denys Garneau. S’il a fallu plusieurs années pour que sa poésie soit dûment reconnue par les lecteurs francophones, son accueil par le milieu littéraire anglophone fut encore plus lent, et il est même frappant que ce dernier n’ait jamais accordé au poète le statut qui lui revient. En dépit du fait qu’une traduction complète de ses poésies par John Glassco soit disponible, son absence dans le monde littéraire anglophone serait due à la fois à ses traductions et à l’incapacité des lecteurs anglophones à comprendre sa poésie. Il y aurait une différence d’imaginaire entre les lecteurs canadiens et québécois. Pour éclaircir cette différence, je me sers, dans le second volet de la réflexion, de la distinction qu’établit Pascal entre l’esprit de géométrie et l’esprit de finesse, dont le premier caractériserait le lecteur canadien et le second, le lecteur québécois. Même si, en somme, Saint-Denys Garneau avait la bonne fortune de trouver une traduction vraiment réussie, ce qu’il n’a pas pour le moment, une telle traduction ne trouverait que peu de lecteurs.
Mort et renaissances de l’écrivain maudit
Authors: Lapointe Martine-Emmanuelle
Published: January 2013

Le présent article s’attache à deux des modes de lecture de l’oeuvre aquinienne qui traversent la critique et l’essai québécois contemporains. La lecture biographique, plus volontiers mythifiante, de certains essayistes et biographes aquiniens permettra, d’une part, de réfléchir à la fascination qu’exerce encore aujourd’hui le sacrifice d’Aquin sur ses lecteurs contemporains. D’autre part, il s’agira de mieux cerner l’inscription de l’oeuvre aquinienne dans les dossiers que la revue Liberté a fait paraître entre 2006 et 2012. En réactualisant la dimension politique de l’oeuvre d’Aquin, les auteurs de la revue réfléchissent à la fois sur la quasi-disparition de l’engagement politique dans la sphère culturelle et sur le décentrement de la parole littéraire à l’époque contemporaine. D’un point de vue comme de l’autre, Aquin et son oeuvre méritent d’être relus, d’être tirés de la bibliothèque ou du tombeau afin de répondre, ne serait-ce que par la négative, aux angoisses et aux obsessions des contemporains. Nous entendons en somme dépasser certaines idées reçues sur la construction des figures auctoriales, lesquelles viseraient selon certains auteurs à « simplifier [l’oeuvre] pour [la] rendre comestible ** ». Malgré ses limites évidentes, le mythe offre à l’oeuvre une possible survie dans le concert des médias contemporains et permet de saisir les enjeux d’une certaine représentation, historique sans doute, de la littérature québécoise.
Le zâr taciturne : Jean-William Forestier*
Authors: Pleau Jean-Christian
Published: January 2013

L’antiphonaire d’Hubert Aquin donne corps, d’une manière paradoxale, à une poétique du silence, et ce par le truchement du personnage essentiellement muet de Jean-William Forestier. Ce faisant, le romancier surmonte la principale aporie rencontrée par sa réflexion théorique du début des années 1960 : le silence, envisagé de longue date par celui-ci comme posture politique dictée par la situation québécoise, pourrait ainsi déboucher sur autre chose qu’un retrait de la littérature. Mais la figure de Jean-William sert aussi à thématiser dans la diégèse une possession que Christine Forestier, principale narratrice, désigne comme principe organisateur de son écriture « désordonnée ». Cette figure sera mise en rapport avec les zâr de Gondar étudiés par Michel Leiris ainsi qu’avec le personnage d’Hamlet. On en conclura que L’antiphonaire est une Apocalypse au sens de Derrida, et qu’il explicite, pour Aquin, une manière de réconciliation avec la possibilité de la littérature.
Narrateur à l’action
Authors: Bérard Cassie
Published: January 2013

Dans le recueil L’art de la fugue de Guillaume Corbeil, un
narrateur-auteur souligne sa participation à la construction d’histoires à la narrativité
éclatée. L’étude du texte « Elles détestaient Madrid » permet d’interroger la conception du
récit mise en branle dans le recueil. L’objectif est de rendre compte des manifestations du
narrateur-constructeur dans la nouvelle de Corbeil en observant le traitement de la
temporalité et des actions, mais surtout de mettre en saillie la richesse d’une oeuvre
québécoise encore jamais analysée.
Dosimetry Investigation of MOSFET for Clinical IMRT Dose Verification
Authors: Deshpande Sudesh , Kumar Rajesh , Ghadi Yogesh , Nehru R. M. , Kannan V.
Published: January 2013

In IMRT, patient-specific dose verification is followed regularly at each centre. Simple and efficient dosimetry techniques play a very important role in routine clinical dosimetry QA. The MOSFET dosimeter offers several advantages over the conventional dosimeters such as its small detector size, immediate readout, immediate reuse, multiple point dose measurements. To use the MOSFET as routine clinical dosimetry system for pre-treatment dose verification in IMRT, a comprehensive set of experiments has been conducted, to investigate its linearity, reproducibility, dose rate effect and angular dependence for 6 MV x-ray beam. The MOSFETs shows a linear response with linearity coefficient of 0.992 for a dose range of 35 cGy to 427 cGy. The reproducibility of the MOSFET was measured by irradiating the MOSFET for ten consecutive irradiations in the dose range of 35 cGy to 427 cGy. The measured reproducibility of MOSFET was found to be within 4% up to 70 cGy and within 1.4% above 70 cGy. The dose rate effect on the MOSFET was investigated in the dose rate range 100 MU/min to 600 MU/min. The response of the MOSFET varies from −1.7% to 2.1%. The angular responses of the MOSFETs were measured at 10 degrees intervals from 90 to 270 degrees in an anticlockwise direction and normalized at gantry angle zero and it was found to be in the range of 0.98 ± 0.014 to 1.01 ± 0.014. The MOSFETs were calibrated in a phantom which was later used for IMRT verification. The measured calibration coefficients were found to be 1 mV/cGy and 2.995 mV/cGy in standard and high sensitivity mode respectively. The MOSFETs were used for pre-treatment dose verification in IMRT. Nine dosimeters were used for each patient to measure the dose in different plane. The average variation between calculated and measured dose at any location was within 3%. Dose verification using MOSFET and IMRT phantom was found to quick and efficient and well suited for a busy radiotherapy department.
Assessing Feasibility of Real-Time Ultrasound Monitoring in Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Liver Tumors
Authors: Zhong Yahua , Stephans Kevin , Qi Peng , Yu Naichang , Wong John , Xia Ping
Published: January 2013

To monitor tumor motion during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for patients with liver cancer, an integrated ultrasound and kilo-voltage cone-beam computed tomography (KV-CBCT) system has been proposed. The presence of an ultrasound probe may interfere with the radiation beams. The purpose of this study is to minimize this interference by altering orientations of the ultrasound probe and directions of radiation beams while not compromising the quality of SBRT plans. Ten patients, who received SBRT of liver cancer, were randomly selected for this study. To simulate the presence of an ultrasound probe, a virtual probe was oriented either parallel or vertical to the longitudinal axis of the patient's body and was added on the surface of the patient's body at the nearest location to the tumor. For both the parallel and vertical probe orientations, 2 new SBRT (Probe-Para and Probe-Vert) plans that minimize the interference between the probe and radiation beams were created for each patient. These SBRT plans were compared to the original clinically accepted SBRT plans, with a treatment goal of 37.5 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV) in 3 fractions. Specific dosimetric endpoints were evaluated, including doses to 95% (D95), of the PTV plan conformal index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and relevant endpoint doses to organs at risk. For 2 patients with superficially located tumors, no clinically acceptable SBRT plans could be produced without the interference between the probe and radiation beams. For the remaining 8 patients, the Probe-Para plans allowed 7 patients to be treated with coplanar radiation beams (without moving the treatment couch during treatment) and 1 patient to be treated with non-coplanar beams (by moving the treatment couch during treatment). The Probe-Vert plans allowed 2 patients to be treated with coplanar beams and 6 patients to be treated with non-coplanar beams. The average D95 of the PTV were 38.63 Gy ± 0.14 ( p = 0.65) for Probe-Para plans, 38.48 Gy ± 0.31 ( p = 0.33) for Probe-Vert plans, and 38.72 Gy ± 0.14 for clinical SBRT plans. There were no significant differences ( p > 0.05) in CI and HI of all SBRT plans. The endpoint doses to the liver, heart, esophagus, right kidney, and stomach also had no significant differences ( p > 0.05). Except for superficial lesions, real-time ultrasound monitoring during liver SBRT is clinically feasible. Placing the ultrasound probe parallel to the longitudinal axis of the patient allows a greater probability of utilizing preferred coplanar beams.
Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder and disease activity outcomes in US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mikuls Ted R. , Padala Prasad R. , Sayles Harlan R. , Yu Fang , Michaud Kaleb , Caplan Liron , Kerr Gail S. , Reimold Andreas , Cannon Grant W. , Richards J. Steuart , Lazaro Deana , Thiele Geoffrey M. , Boscarino Joseph A.
Published: January 2013

Objective

To examine the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disease activity in US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

US veterans with RA were enrolled in a longitudinal observational study and were categorized as having PTSD, other anxiety/depression disorders, or neither of these psychiatric diagnoses using administrative codes. Generalized linear mixed‐effects models were used to examine the associations of the diagnostic groups with outcomes measured over a mean followup period of 3.0 years.

Results

At enrollment, 1,522 patients had a mean age of 63 years, they were primarily men (91%), and a majority (78%) reported white race. A diagnosis of PTSD was observed in 178 patients (11.7%), and other anxiety/depression diagnoses (excluding PTSD) were found in 360 patients (23.7%). The presence of a PTSD diagnosis was independently associated with higher values of self‐reported pain, physical impairment, tender joint count, and worse patient global well‐being scores compared to patients with no psychiatric diagnosis. There were no significant group differences in swollen joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or Disease Activity Score in 28 joints. There were no differences between any outcomes comparing those with PTSD and those with other anxiety/depression diagnoses.

Conclusion

In this RA cohort, the diagnosis of PTSD was associated with worse patient‐reported outcomes and tender joint counts, but not with other physician‐ or laboratory‐based measures of disease activity. These results suggest that PTSD, along with other anxiety/depression disorders, may affect RA disease activity assessments that rely on patient‐reported outcomes and the resulting treatment decisions.
Highly Efficient Greenish‐Yellow Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Interzone Exciton Transfer
Authors: Chang Yi‐Lu , Kamino Brett A. , Wang Zhibin , Helander Michael G. , Rao Yingli , Chai Lily , Wang Suning , Bender Timothy P. , Lu Zheng‐Hong
Published: January 2013

Phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) have undergone tremendous growth over the past two decades. Indeed, they are already prevalent in the form of mobile displays, and are expected to be used in large‐area flat panels recently. To become a viable technology for next generation solid‐state light source however, PHOLEDs face the challenge of achieving concurrently a high color rendering index (CRI) and a high efficiency at high luminance. To improve the CRI of a standard three color white PHOLED, one can use a greenish‐yellow emitter to replace the green emitter such that the gap in emission wavelength between standard green and red emitters is eliminated. However, there are relatively few studies on greenish‐yellow emitters for PHOLEDs, and as a result, the performance of greenish‐yellow PHOLEDs is significantly inferior to those emitting in the three primary colors, which are driven strongly by the display industry. Herein, a newly synthesized greenish‐yellow emitter is synthesized and a novel device concept is introduced featuring interzone exciton transfer to considerably enhance the device efficiency. In particular, high external quantum efficiencies (current efficiencies) of 21.5% (77.4 cd/A) and 20.2% (72.8 cd/A) at a luminance of 1000 cd/m2 and 5000 cd/m2, respectively, have been achieved. These efficiencies are the highest reported to date for greenish‐yellow emitting PHOLEDs. A model for this unique design is also proposed. This design could potentially be applied to enhance the efficiency of even longer wavelength yellow and red emitters, thereby paving the way for a new avenue of tandem white PHOLEDs for solid‐state lighting.
Synthesis of poly(butyl acrylate)—laponite nanocomposite nanoparticles for improving the impact strength of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Fang Yuan , Hoppe Sandrine , Hu Guo‐Hua , Durand Alain
Published: January 2013

This work aims at preparing and characterizing poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA)—laponite (LRD) nanocomposite nanoparticles and nanocomposite core (PBA‐LRD)‐shell poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles, on the one hand, and the morphology and properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐based blends containing PBA‐LRD nanocomposite nanoparticles or (PBA‐LRD)/PMMA core–shell nanoparticles as the dispersed phase, on the other hand. The PBA and (PBA‐LRD)/PMMA nanoparticles were synthesized by miniemulsion or emulsion polymerization using LRD platelets modified by 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The grafting of MPTMS onto the LRD surfaces was characterized qualitatively using FTIR and quantitatively using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The amounts of LRD in the PBA‐LRD nanocomposites were characterized by TGA. The PBA/PMMA core–shell particles were analyzed by 1H‐NMR. Their morphology was confirmed by SEM and TEM. Mechanical properties of (PBA‐LRD)/PLA blends and (PBA‐LRD)/PMMA/PLA ones were tested and compared with those of the pure PLA, showing that core–shell particles allowed increasing impact strength of the PLA while minimizing loss in Young modulus and tensile strength. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Attapulgite‐supported aluminum oxide hydroxide catalyst for synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Lin Qinghui , Gu Yiqing , Chen Dajun
Published: January 2013

A novel nanocomposite catalyst was prepared from immobilization of aluminum oxide hydroxide onto the attapulgite. Characterizations with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) of the as‐prepared catalyst revealed that AlO(OH) nanoparticles were distributed on the attapulgite. Thermogravimetric analysis‐infrared spectrometry (TGA‐IR) of the mixture prepared by mixing of bishydroxy ethylene terephthalate (BHET) and the catalyst indicated that attapulgite‐supported aluminum oxide hydroxide catalyst can catalyze BHET polycondensation under the applied conditions. A kinetic model for determining the activation energy has been applied to evaluate the catalyst activity. The catalyst activity was examined through comparative experiments, and the results showed that the new catalyst exhibited higher activity for BHET polycondensation under identical reaction conditions, and the viscosity‐average molecular weight of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) product obtained was increased about 2000 g/mol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The development and assessment of an online microscopic anatomy laboratory course
Authors: Barbeau Michele L. , Johnson Marjorie , Gibson Candace , Rogers Kem A.
Published: January 2013

Increasing enrollment in post‐secondary institutions across North America, along with an increase in popularity of and demand for distance education is pressuring institutions to offer a greater number and variety of courses online. A fully online laboratory course in microscopic anatomy (histology) which can be taught simultaneously with a face‐to‐face (F2F) version of the same course has been developed. This full year course was offered in the Fall/Winter (FW) terms in both F2F and online formats. To ensure that the online course was of the same quality as the F2F format, a number of performance indicators were evaluated. The same course, offered exclusively online during the summer with a compressed time frame, was also evaluated. Senior undergraduate students self‐selected which version of the course they would enroll in. Course assessment outcomes were compared while incoming grades were used as a predictor for course performance. There were no significant differences between the incoming grades for the F2F FW and Online FW courses; similarly, there were no significant differences between outcomes for these formats. There were significant differences between the incoming grades of the F2F FW and Summer Online students. However, there were no significant differences among any of the outcomes for any of the formats offered. Incoming grades were strong, significant predictors of course performance for both formats. These results indicate that an online laboratory course in microscopic anatomy is an effective format for delivering histology course content, therefore giving students greater options for course selections. Anat Sci Educ 6: 246–256. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.
r‐consensus control for higher‐order multi‐agent systems with digraph
Authors: Xin Youming , Cheng Zunshui
Published: January 2013

This paper studies a consensus problem for lth (l ≥ 2) order multi‐agent systems with digraph, namely, for a fixed r (0 ≤ r ≤ l − 1), the rth derivative of the states xi of agents are convergent to a constant value and, for every k (0 ≤ k ≤ l − 1), are convergent to zeros. A new concept of r‐consensus is introduced and new consensus protocols are proposed for solving such an r‐consensus problem. A sufficient and necessary condition for r‐consensus is obtained. As special cases, criteria for third‐order systems are given, in which the exact relationship between feedback gains is established. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of these protocols.
Summary of the HESI Consortium Studies Exploring Circulating Inhibin B as a Potential Biomarker of Testis Damage in the Rat
Authors: Chapin Robert , Weinbauer Gerhard , Thibodeau Michael S. , Sonee Manisha , Saldutti Louise Parks , Reagan William J. , Potter David , Moffit Jeffrey S. , Laffan Susan , Kim James H. , Goldstein Richard A. , Erdos Zoltan , Enright Brian P. , Coulson Michelle , Breslin William J.
Published: January 2013

The Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity Technical Committee of the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute hosted a working consortium of companies to evaluate a new commercially available analytic assay for Inhibin B in rat serum or plasma. After demonstrating that the kit was stable and robust, the group performed a series of independent pathogenesis studies (23 different compound/investigator combinations) designed to examine the correlation between the appearance of lesions in the testis and changes in circulating levels of Inhibin B. These studies were reported individually in the previous articles in this series (this issue), and are discussed in this paper. For roughly half of these exposures, lesions appeared well before Inhibin B changed. A few of the studies showed a good correlation between seminiferous tubule damage and reduced circulating Inhibin B levels, while for seven exposures, circulating Inhibin B was reduced with no detectable alteration in testis histology. Whether this indicates a prodromal response or a false‐positive signal will require further investigation. These exceptions could plausibly suggest some value of circulating Inhibin B as a useful biomarker in some circumstances. However, for roughly half of these exposures, Inhibin B appeared to be a lagging biomarker, requiring significant damage to the seminiferous tubules before a consistent and credible reduction in circulating levels of Inhibin B was observed.