bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Program Produktif Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Kendaraan Ringan
Authors: Setiyawan Budi Agus , Samsudi Samsudi , Basyirun Basyirun
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran program produktif TKR dilihat dari sudut evaluasi konteks, input, proses dan produk.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian evaluatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Model evaluasi yang digunakan adalah model CIPP (Konteks, Input, Proses, dan Produk). Sumber data adalah Kepala Sekolah, Waka Kurikulum, Waka Sarpras, Guru mata pelajaran produktif TKR, dan peserta didik kelas XI program keahlian Teknik Kendaraan Ringan (TKR) dan dokumen-dokumen pembelajaran. Pengupulan data menggunakan angket, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif persentase.Hasil penelitian adalahevaluasi terhadap aspek konteks (context) termasuk baik (86,12%), evaluasi terhadap aspek masukan (input) termasuk baik (87,54%), evaluasi terhadap aspek proses (process) termasuk baik (78,69%), dan evaluasi terhadap aspek produk (product) termasuk (88,44%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelaksanaan pembelajaran produktif Teknik Kendaraan Ringan termasuk baik dengan rata-rata 85,19%.This study aims to determine the extent of the implementation of learning programs TKR productive from the standpoint of context evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation and product evaluation. This research is a descriptive evaluative research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Evaluation model used is the model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product). The data source is the Principal, Curriculum Waka, Waka Sarpras, Master TKR productive subjects, and students of class XI Light Vehicle Engineering program membership (TKR) and documents of learning. Pengupulan data using questionnaires, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used in this research is descriptive analysis percentage. Results of the study is the evaluation of aspects of the context (context) includes both (86.12%), evaluation of the aspects of inputs (input) includes both (87.54%), evaluation of the aspects of the process (process) includes both (78.69%) and evaluation of the aspects of the product (product) including (88.44%). The results showed the implementation of learning productive Light Vehicle Engineering including well with an average of 85.19%.
The Development of Industrial Work Practice Monitoring by Using �Simorin� at Vocational High School
Authors: Mahanani Fauzan A , Sudana I Made , Wibawanto Hari
Published: January 2019

Vocational High School graduates are expected to have work experience in industry and ready to enter the workforce. Industrial work practice (Prakerin) is a learning program that must be implemented by students in the industrial world. Prakerin program is organized together between school and the world of work to meet the students' need for competencies that are unworkable in schools. There are still major obstacles in monitoring the implementation of Prakerin due to distance and time problems. These constraints are expected to be solved using information system.This research and development aims to produce an effective and effective information system on industrial work practice monitoring to be used in vocational high school. This study developed information system named "Simorin" which is an acronym of the Industrial Work Practice Monitoring Information System. The method used in the study was research and development (R & D). Stages in this study included analysis phase, data requirement by using literature study and field study. The test phase was performed with validation and revision followed by a limited trial of Simorin products.Based on the development, test and analysis, it can be concluded that Simorin was feasible and effective for use in Prakerin monitoring process in terms of usability. Students, Teachers and industries could communicate with each other in real time. Recommendation of further development of Simorin is that it can be integrated with distance learning (e-learning).
Pengembangan Media Informasi Pravokasional SMK bagi Siswa SMP di Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Muthia Muthia , Djuniadi Djuniadi , Sudana I Made
Published: January 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menghasilkan produk media informasi pravokasional untuk siswa SMP, mengetahui kevalidan media informasi pravokasional dalam memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada siswa SMP serta mengetahui kepraktisan penerapan media informasi pravokasional dalam memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman pada siswa SMP untuk melanjutkan studi ke SMK. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Research and Development. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan dengan jenis media informasi berbasis WEB dapat diakses dengan mudah oleh pengguna yaitu siswa SMP. Hasil validasi materi dan validasi media dari masing-masing pakar menyebutkan persentase kevalidan materi sebesar 77% dan persentase kevalidan media sebesar 82%. Ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengembangan media informasi pravokasional Sangat Valid. Kepraktisan dari produk ini sebesar 34,5 dan memiliki kriteria sangat baik. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah media informasi pravokasional yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dan layak menurut penilaian pakar. Media informasi pravokasional untuk siswa SMP yang dikembangkan memiliki nilai keefektifan dan kepraktisan yang tinggi, karena media tersebut dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami dan mengetahui program studi SMK secara mandiri.The purpose of this study was to produced pre-vocational information media product for junior high school students, to found out pre-vocational information media in giving understanding and knowledge for junior high school students, and also to find out in applying pre-vocational information media in giving understanding and knowledge for junior high school to continue their study at vocational school. Research and development method was used in this study. The result of this study explained the kinds of WEB based information media. Which could be accessed easily by junior high school students. The percentage of material and media validity from the expert was 77% and the percentage of media validity was 82%. It could be summarized that pe-vocational media information was very valid. Practically of this product was 34,5 and had good criteria. The result of this pre-vocational information media study which could be developed was valid and suitable based on expert opinion. Pre-vocational information media for junior high school students had practically and effectively higher value, because that media could help the student in understanding the study program at vocational school by them selves.
Model Pelatihan Vokasional Berbasis Pemanfaatan Rebung Bambu pada Masyarakat Desa Paloan Kecamatan Sengah Temila Kabupaten Landak
Authors: Jean Petronila , DWP Sucihatiningsih , Rusdarti Rusdarti
Published: January 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan model pelatihan vokasional berbasis pemanfaatan rebung bambu pada masyarakat desa Paloan kecamatan Sengah Temila Kabupaten Landak yang valid dan efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development. Tahap penelitian diawali dengan pengumpulan informasi dan studi literatur. Tahap pengembangan ialah mendesain model, validasi oleh ahli dan praktisi, serta uji coba model secara terbatas. Desain uji coba terbatas menggunakan pre-experimental design dengan one group pretest dan posttest, kemudian hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan uji normalized gain dan uji statistik non parametrik wilcoxon match pairs test. Model pelatihan vokasional berbasis pemanfaatan rebung bambu menekankan kurikulum pelatihan yang fokus pada peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mengolah dan mengemas rebung bambu menjadi produk rebung kering yang bernilai pasar. Materi, metode, strategi pelaksanaan dan media pembelajaran dalam model disesuaikan dengan tujuan utama pelatihan. Model pelatihan vokasional yang dikembangkan dikategorikan sangat valid. Hasil uji coba terbatas menunjukkan bahwa model pelatihan vokasional berbasis pemanfaatan rebung bambu efektif untuk meningkatkan aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan teknis peserta pelatihan.The purpose of this research is to produce vocational training model based on the utilization of bamboo shoots in the Paloan Rural Community of Sengah Temila District of Landak Regency which can be properly valid and effective. This research uses the Research and Development method. The research phase begins with the collection of information and literature studies. The development phase consists of the model design, validation by experts and practitioners, and a limited test models. The limited trial design uses pre-experimental design with one group pretest and posttest design then the results were analyzed by using gain normalized and non parametric statistical test of Wilcoxon match pairs test. Vocational training model based on the utilization of bamboo shoots emphasizes on the training curriculum that focuses on the increasing of knowledge and skills to process and to pack the bamboo shoots into dried bamboo shoots product which is economically more valuable. The materials, methods, implementation strategies and learning media in the model were adjusted for the main purpose of the training. The result showed that vocational training model was developed considered as valid. The result of limited testing indicates that vocational training model which is based on the utilization of bamboo shoots is effective to improve the technical aspects of the knowledge and skills of trainees.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Shesil (Soft, Hard and Environment Skill Integrated Learning) pada Kecakapan Otomotif
Authors: Rakim Rakim , Wilonoyudho Saratri , Widjanarko Dwi
Published: January 2019

Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi akan berdampak pada sendi sendi kehidupan manusia. Manusia membutuhkan kecakapan sesuai perkembangan jaman dan kemampuan untuk meminimalisasikan resiko akibat  teknologi seperti pergeseran nilai karakter dan kerusakan lingkungan. Pendidikan menjadi garda terdepan dalam mewujudkan hal tersebut. Dibutuhkan pola pembelajaran yang menyeimbangkan pendidikan soft skill, hard skill dan environment skill dalam satu kesatuan. Penelitian ini yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk menghasilkan desain model pembelajaran SHESIL yaitu pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan soft skill, hard skill dan environment skill dalam satu kesatuan. Berdasarkan uji validitas ahli, model pembelajaran SHESIL memiliki tingkat kevalidan yang baik dan layak digunakan.  Efektifitas model dapat dilihat pada uji coba lapangan. Hasil data lapangan menunjukan ada peningkatan pada penilaian soft skill, hard skill dan environment skill. Penilaian keseluruhan aspek dari soft skill, hard skill dan environment skill terhadap peningkatan kecakapan otomotif menunjukan ( t hitung 10,58 > t tabel - 1,64) sehingga disimpulkan model pembelajaran SHESIL efektif meningkatkan kecakapan otomotif siswa SMK. Penerapan model pembelajaran SHESIL menjadi alternatif pilihan dalam membantu guru untuk menanamkan pendidikan soft skill dan kesadaran lingkungan sesuai tujuan pendidikan nasional. The development of technology and information will affect to the principal of human life. Humans need skills based on the development of time and ability to minimize risks caused by technology such as shifting character values and environmental damage. Education becomes foremost guard in creating it. We need  learning model which balances soft skill, hard skill and environment skill in a single entity. The purpose of this research is to produce SHESIL learning model that is the application of learning to integrate soft skill, hard skill and environment skill in one unit. Based on validity test done by the expert,  SHESIL learning model has a feasible and fair validity to be used. The effectiveness of the model can be on field experiment. The result of field data showed that there was a soft skill improvement, environmental skill improvement  and t count 31,46 and hard skill improvement. The whole assessment of soft skill, hard skill and environment skill to the improvement of automotive skill showed t count bigger than t table (10,58> - 1,64) so we can that conclude that SHESIL learning model can improve the automotive skill of vocational students effectively. Application of SHESIL learning model is becomes an alternative choice to assist teachers in realizing soft skill education and environmental sensitivity matching to goals of national education.
Relevance of Civil Engineering Vocational Education Graduates’ Competence with Productive Skill Teacher Competency
Authors: Mayasari Retno , Samsudi Samsudi , Qudus Nur
Published: January 2019

This study aims to analyze the relevance of the competence of Civil Engineering vocational Education Department graduates with the competence of productive skill teachers in vocational schools. Competencies analyzed in this studywere pedagogic competence and professional competence. This study was descriptive quantitative then converted and summed up into qualitative form. The subjects of this study were 24 respondents from the alumni of Civil Engineering Vocational Education Department, UNNES class of 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive percentage. The result of the studywas the relevance level of pedagogic competence and professional competence of the graduatesof the Civil Engineering Vocational Education Department that has become productive skill teachers. The relevance percentage of the curriculum of Civil Engineering Vocational Education Department with the curriculum of Civil EngineeringEducation program at the vocational schools was 84.88%. It showed that curriculum structure of the curriculum of Civil Engineering Vocational Education Departmenthad slight irrelevance withthat of Civil EngineeringEducation program.A curriculum structurewas not relevant. The relevance percentage of the pedagogic competence of the Civil Engineering Vocational Education Department with the curriculum of Civil EngineeringEducation program at the vocational schoolswas 86, 50%. This percentage meant that the curriculum at Civil Engineering Vocational Education Departmenthas not been all relevant to those demanded in the curriculum of Civil EngineeringEducation program at the vocational school. However, the pedagogic competence of Civil Engineering Vocational Education Department’graduates can be categorized as very relevant. The percentage of professional competence showed88.81%, which meant that for professional competence of Civil Engineering Vocational Education Department’ graduates can be categorized as very relevant.
The Analysis of Vocational Teacher Readiness at Culinary Education Program in Participating in Online Professional Teacher Education Program
Authors: Saramoya Siva , Basyirun Basyirun , Murdani Murdani
Published: January 2019

This study aims to: (1) describe the readiness of vocational school teacher of culinary program in the implementation of online  - based Professional Teacher Education (PTE); (2) find factors driving and inhibiting the readiness of teachers in the implementation of online – based PTE. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted at SMK N 6 Semarang (Tourism Vocational School) and SMK N 1 Bawen (Agricultural Vocational School) involving 14 productive skill teachers of the Culinary Program. The data were obtained using questionnaires and analyzed descriptively using percentages. The results of the study were: 57% of teachers had very high readiness, 36% were high and only 7% had sufficient readiness. The factors supporting the readiness of productive teacher skill at culinary program during the implementation of online – based PTE are facilities and infrastructure (79%), Knowledge on the field of culinary program (86%), pedagogical competence (79%), personal competence (86%), social competence (86%) and professional competence (93%). Factors inhibiting the readiness of the online – based PPG is the computer literacy (57%) and networking access (64%). It was concluded that teachers have a high readiness in the implementation of online – based PTE. Factors supporting the readiness of the online PTE are infrastructure, the knowledge, pedagogical competence, personal competence, social and professional competence. The inhibiting factor is the ability to operate a computer and access the network.
Contribution of Understanding Design Principles and Control of Design Media Use on Aesthetic Quality Design Students of Fashion Vocational School in Kudus
Authors: Puspita Rahma Aditia , Wahyuningsih Sri Endah , Syamwil Rodia
Published: January 2019

Understanding the basic material of design and mastery of the media if it is technically adequate, it can be ascertained that the design of the clothes produced by students looks more aesthetic. The purpose of research: (1) determine the contribution of understanding of the design principles of the aesthetic quality fashion design, (2) determine contributions mastery media use design to the aesthetic quality of fashion design, (3) determine contributions jointly between the understanding of design principles and mastering the use of design media for the aesthetic quality of fashion designs made by fashion students of Vocational School in Kudus. The pattern used in this study is correlation with a quantitative approach. The studies population is 76 second grade student of dressmaking study program of SMK N 1 Kudus. The research sample is 38 students inclass XI TB 1 SMK N 1 Kudus. In this study there are 2 independent variables namely Understanding the Principles of Designand Mastery of Use of Media Design. Meanwhile the dependent variable is Aesthetic Quality Design. In doing validation, there are 2 ways, namely: (1) Expert Validation (2) Trial Validation. Reliabilitas items made by using Alpha formula. The data analysis technique uses the correlation analysis formula. Reliability performen this study using a test of consistency cohen's kappa. There contributed between 1st assessors and 2nd assessors on the aesthetic quality of design with koefiseincohen's kappa value of 0.200 which means there is no agreement among 1st assessors and 2ndassessors in assessing the aesthetic quality fashion design. The results showed that based on calculations π x1y.x = 0,296, dan ρ = 0,040 ˂ 0,05 which indicates that it is significant, supported by data (accepted). The values obtained show an understanding of design principlescontributing positively to the aesthetic quality of fashion designs.Based on calculations π x2y.x1 = 0,808, ρ = 0,00 ˂ 0,05 which indicates that it is significant, supported by data (accepted). The value obtained shows mastery of the use of design media contributes positively to the aesthetic quality of fashion designs. Based on the calculation of the correlation test in the third hypothesis, R = 0.989, with Fcount = 732,482, and ρ = 0,00 ˂ 0,05, thus the correlation coefficient is positive, the relationship is in the same direction between the two variables. That is, there is a positive relationship between understanding the principles of design and the use of media with the aesthetic quality of fashion designs. After comparing it with a table, it is concluded that it has a very high correlation. This implies that the influence of the independent variable (X) on the dependent variable (Y) is 97,8 %, the rest is influenced by other variables.
When Differing Perspectives Between Health Care Providers and Parents Lead to “Communication Crises”: A Conceptual Framework to Support Prevention and Navigation in the Pediatric Hospital Setting
Authors: Barnard Chantelle , Sandhu Amonpreet , Cooke Suzette
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES:

The communication experience and therapeutic relationships between parents and health care providers (HCPs) impacts the quality of patient care. A guiding “communication crisis” description was created to encourage study participants to describe difficult communication encounters between parents and HCPs where their perspectives regarding the recommended patient care conflicted (ie, parent refusal of a lumbar puncture), which created barriers to the provision of optimal care and the development of therapeutic relationships in the pediatric hospital setting. The purpose of this research was to highlight factors that may contribute to communication crises through the characterization of these circumstances.

METHODS:

Participants were multidisciplinary HCPs and parents (n = 37) with firsthand experience regarding communication crises. Data were collected through focus groups (7), semistructured interviews (2), and a verification focus group where open-ended questions regarding participants’ experiences were used. Data were analyzed by using a constructivist grounded theory approach.

RESULTS:

Three themes and 11 subthemes (communication crisis risk factors) were identified: (1) health care team factors (communication skills, care processes, and interprofessional communication), (2) family and/or parent factors (language or cultural barriers, mental health conditions, socioeconomic factors, and beliefs), (3) patient factors (acute condition, unclear diagnosis, unstable condition, and medical complexity). A core theory emerged: parent trust in their HCP significantly impacts the therapeutic relationship and can mitigate communication crises despite the presence of risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS:

We highlight factors that may be predisposing to communication crises in pediatric hospital settings. Awareness of these factors can support timely identification and implementation of relationship care and foster the establishment of trusting relationships.
The Incidence and Nature of Allergic and Anaphylactic Reactions During Pediatric Procedural Sedation: A Report From the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium
Authors: Hertzog James H. , Preisberga Krista , Penfil Scott
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Anaphylaxis is rare but life-threatening. Its incidence during pediatric procedural sedation outside of the operating room is unknown. We used data from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium (PSRC) to determine the incidence and nature of allergic and anaphylactic reactions in this practice.

METHODS:

A retrospective observational study of prospectively collected information in the PSRC’s multicenter database was performed. Cases of allergic reaction were identified. Because anaphylaxis is not a listed complication in the PSRC database, all cases for which allergic reaction was noted were reviewed for the occurrence of other complications or interventions that would suggest at least 2 organ system derangements consistent with anaphylaxis as well as for practitioner commentary stating the occurrence of anaphylaxis. Descriptive analyses of demographic information and summary statistics were performed, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between the occurrence of allergic reactions and medications.

RESULTS:

During the study period, 227 833 cases were entered into the PSRC database. There were 54 cases of allergic reaction (incidence 1:4219); 6 were consistent with anaphylaxis (incidence 1:37 972). A significant association between the development of allergic reaction and 4 sedative and/or analgesic medications was noted: midazolam (odds ratio [OR] 2.2; confidence interval [CI] 1.2–3.9), ketamine (OR 3.8; CI 2.1–7.1), methohexital (OR 48.8; CI 14.9–159.9), and morphine (OR 4.4; CI 1.04–18.2). There were no mortalities.

CONCLUSIONS:

Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis during pediatric procedural sedation are rare. In this study, the development of allergic reactions was significantly associated with the use of midazolam, ketamine, methohexital, and morphine.
Genomic Sequencing Expansion and Incomplete Penetrance
Authors: Shieh Joseph T.C.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:

Genetic data have the potential to impact patient care significantly. In primary care and in the ICU, patients are undergoing genetic testing. Genetics is also transforming cancer care and undiagnosed diseases. Optimal personalized medicine relies on the understanding of disease penetrance. In this article, I examine the complexity of penetrance.

METHODS:

In this article, I assess how variable penetrance can be seen with many diseases, including those of different modes of inheritance, and how genomic testing is being applied effectively for many diseases. In this article, I also identify challenges in the field, including the interpretation of gene variants.

RESULTS:

Using advancing bioinformatics and detailed phenotypic assessment, we can increase the yield of genomic testing, particularly for highly penetrant conditions. The technologies are useful and applicable to different medical situations.

CONCLUSIONS:

There are now effective genome diagnostics for many diseases. However, the best personalized application of these data still requires skilled interpretation.
Anticoagulation in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease and Peripheral Arterial Disease: Clinical Implications of COMPASS Study
Authors: Gradolí Josep ,   Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, Vidal Verónica ,   Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain, Brady Adrian JB ,   Department of Cardiology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, Facila Lorenzo ,   Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Published: January 2019

Patients with established cardiovascular disease may suffer further cardiovascular events, despite receiving optimal medical treatment. Although platelet inhibition plays a central role in the prevention of new events, the use of anticoagulant therapies to reduce events in atheromatous disease has, until recently, been overlooked. The recent Rivaroxaban for the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPASS) study showed an important reduction in cardiovascular events without increasing the risk of fatal and intracranial bleeding when using rivaroxaban, a novel oral anticoagulant, combined with aspirin. This article reviews the available evidence regarding the use of anticoagulant therapies for prevention of cardiovascular events, the results of the COMPASS study and how these results may affect patient management in everyday clinical practice.
Using Pharmacogenetic Testing or Platelet Reactivity Testing to Tailor Antiplatelet Therapy: Are Asians different from Caucasians?
Authors: Su-Yin Doreen Tan ,   Pharmacy Department, PGY2 Cardiology Pharmacy Residency Programme and Pharmacogenomics, Clinical Adoption Workgroup, Precision Medicine Initiatives, Ministry of Health, Singapore
Published: January 2019

All studies to date involving platelet reactivity and gene testing document singular interventions and their associations with outcomes. The East Asian paradox has been well documented – Asians who have had a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at a lower risk of ischaemic events even though they have a higher platelet reactivity. Asians who have had a PCI also have a higher risk of bleeding. This article covers the differences in outcomes between Caucasians and Asians, and explores the impact of outcomes, highlighting differences between the two patient populations. Given the high prevalence of loss-of-function alleles in Asia, treatment strategies will differ for different populations. It is plausible that both platelet reactivity and gene testing should be used to inform holistic decision-making for all patients – Caucasian or Asian – with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing PCI.
Clinical communication training for the general practice of medicine – A case for including discourse analytical findings from real-world practice
Authors: O'Grady Catherine
Published: January 2019

Communication is central to the clinical training of doctors preparing for Fellowship of the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Currently, medical educators use a comprehensive problem-solving methodology that includes engaging registrars in role-plays of consultations as a means for reflection on practice. To date, however, this interactive training has made little use of the evidence from real-life clinical encounters that discourse analysis affords. This paper presents a case for the use of discourse analytical findings to complement existing training processes. Drawing from ethnographic observations of clinical communication training and focusing particularly on the development of empathic communication, the paper looks closely at current training practice. Turning to discourse analytical findings from real-life practice, and focusing on moments of empathic opportunity, the paper brings to light the impact of a doctor's selective empathic formulations on the direction and outcomes of the consultation, in order to make visible what constitutes clinically ineffective empathy. The paper goes on to suggest a training approach that deploys such discourse analytical findings as a means to enhance clinical communication training and to support processes of critical reflection on practice.
Contraceptive advertising – A critical multimodal analysis
Authors: van Leeuwen Theo , Bateson Deborah J. , Le Hunte Bern , Barratt Alexandra , Black Kirsten I. , Kelly Marguerite , Inoue Kumiyo , Rutherford Alison , Stewart Mary , Richters Juliet
Published: January 2019

Co-authored by a discourse analyst, a branding expert and medical researchers and practitioners, this paper presents a multimodal discourse analysis of advertisements for contraceptive products in magazines and journals aimed at general practitioners, gynecologists and obstetricians. It combines genre analysis and multimodal image, layout, colour and typography analysis to show how such advertisements link specific types of women to specific products and product attributes and benefits, and how product branding invokes values such as health, sexual freedom, sexuality, femininity, strength and reliability, which combine in different ways to create distinct identities for specific products. The findings show that the way the advertisements link products and users does not align with medical evidence, and that in general they do not represent the full range of factors that play a role in choosing contraceptive methods and products - indeed, they are far removed from the realities of the consultation room.
The Candlin Researcher Award: Balancing journalists’ and scientists’ professional practices
Authors: Declercq Jana
Published: January 2019

This paper analyses how health-related media content is produced by the editorial board of an infotainment TV show on food. Health-related news and other media content is on the rise, and impacts laypeople's health knowledge, their behaviour, the public agenda and governmental policy. At the same time, it is criticized for being inaccurate, badly framed and sensationalist. This is generally attributed to the difficulty of linearly ‘translating’ scientific findings into journalistic findings, which results in the collision between scientific and journalistic perspectives and practices. This paper questions the idea that producing health-related media content is just linear translation, and looks into how two current societal trends, the rise of healthism and soft news, shape the production process. Drawing on linguistic ethnographic data from fieldwork at the editorial board of the show, two case studies are analysed qualitatively and in-depth to gain deeper insight in the complex dynamics of producing health-related media content. The data show that producing health-related media-content indeed is not a matter of translating biomedical science to a journalistic perspective, but of intense coproduction of journalistic and scientific practices, and nowadays as well as of coproduction with new, non-scientific pseudo-experts and pseudo-scientific practices.
Reorganization of Beaming in Ecological Perspective
Authors: Basaran Bahri , Yorgancioglu Ali , Onem Ersin
Published: January 2019

The principal aim of the leather industry, which plays a significant role in today’s global economy, is to transform animal hides/skins into a physically and chemically stable material by subjecting them to chemical and mechanical processes. Leather processings involved in isolation in beamhouse processes generate large volumes of solid wastes and high loaded wastewater which are major source of environmental pollution characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), chromium (III) and phenolics with high pH, strong odor and dark brown color. In our study, the best practices modelling and eco-compatible process shifts were the objectives for the decrement in high pollution load of large effluent portion for leather industry. Soaking, immunization and liming processes were carried out with reductive chemical additives and surfactants, fibre opening auxiliaries, enzyme based and enzyme assisted chemicals in the factories as an eco-friendly designed recipe. The results revealed the advantages of time saving, cost effectivity, minimized pollution load and quality enhancement in limed pelts compared to conventional process.
Opening Editorial: CPD and Lifelong Learning: a call for an evidence based discussion
Authors: Aboulsoud Samar , Filipe Helena
Published: January 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Globalization of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is driven by shared educational principles and management trends that facilitate international standards in CPD. These are enforced through instructional design, clinical teaching and assessment methods based on education theory, effective communication skills, and CPD systems strengthening medical education global principles.The growing interest in recognizing CPD and in globalizing CPD accreditation standards has prompted several collaborative international initiatives which include the promotion of national CPD accreditation systems, international collaborations and partnerships, publications of research data and the mutual recognition of international CPD systems and programs.
Current Pharmacotherapy Does Not Improve Severity of Hypoactive Delirium in Patients with Advanced Cancer: Pharmacological Audit Study of Safety and Efficacy in Real World (Phase-R)
Authors: Okuyama Toru , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro , Ogawa Asao , Iwase Satoru , Yokomichi Naosuke , Sakashita Akihiro , Tagami Keita , Uemura Keiichi , Nakahara Rika , Akechi Tatsuo ,   on behalf of Phase-R Delirium Study Group
Published: January 2019

Background

Pharmacotherapy is generally recommended to treat patients with delirium. We sought to describe the current practice, effectiveness, and adverse effects of pharmacotherapy for hypoactive delirium in patients with advanced cancer, and to explore predictors of the deterioration of delirium symptoms after starting pharmacotherapy.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods

We included data of patients with advanced cancer who were diagnosed with hypoactive delirium and received pharmacotherapy for treatment of delirium. This was a pharmacovigilance study characterized by prospective registries and systematic data-recording using internet technology, conducted among 38 palliative care teams and/or units. The severity of delirium and other outcomes were assessed using established measures at days 0 (T0), 3 (T1), and 7 (T2).

Results

Available data were obtained from 218 patients. The most frequently used agent was haloperidol (37%). A total of 67 and 42 patients (31% and 19%) had died or discontinued pharmacotherapy by T1 and T2, respectively. Delirium symptoms deteriorated between T0 and T1, but this trend did not reach statistical significance. The most prevalent adverse event was sedation (9%). Delirium severity worsened after starting pharmacotherapy in 121 patients (56%) at T1. In patients whose death was expected within a few days and those with delirium caused by organ failure, symptoms of delirium were significantly more likely to deteriorate after starting pharmacotherapy.

Conclusion

Current pharmacotherapy for hypoactive delirium in patients with advanced cancer is not recommended, especially in those whose death is expected within a few days and in those with delirium caused by organ failure.
Rutaka footbridge in Rwanda: a low technology deck launch
Authors: Towler Ian , Mills Brandon , Lofts Matthew , Mills Benjamin , Crosthwaite Peter , Mistry Divesh
Published: January 2019

US charity Bridges to Prosperity has delivered over 250 simply designed and built footbridges around the world to provide rural communities with year-round safe access to markets, farms, schools, health clinics and other critical services. This paper describes the innovative design and construction of a 40 m suspended footbridge in Rutaka, Rwanda, which was completed in 2017. To reduce time working at height, the volunteer engineering team developed and trialled a low-technology method for launching the deck from a temporary platform, significantly improving safety and quality control. A photography-based community initiative also helped to convey the importance of maintaining the structure.
Characterisation of soils derived from different parent rocks from north central Nigeria
Authors: Owoyemi Olubunmi Oluwadare , Adeyemi Gabriel Oladapo
Published: January 2019

Mineralogy and geotechnical properties of residual lateritic soils derived from sandstone and migmatite–gneiss (MG) were compared. The aim was to determine the influence of the parent rock geology of sandstone and MG on their engineering properties. This was done using the statistical method of Student's t-test. Thin sections show that the MG samples are rich in feldspars and micas with up to 45 and 23% modal estimates, respectively. The dominant clay mineral in the two soils was kaolinite, while the dominant oxides were silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide and ferric oxide. The silica/sesquioxide ratio of the MG-derived soils (MGS) ranged from 1·7 to 3·2 while those of sandstone-derived soils (SS) were 2·9–6·6. SS samples which contained essentially quartz grains exhibited better compaction characteristics, higher California bearing ratio and lower plasticity than MGS. Better engineering properties exhibited by SS can be attributed to the high quartz content present in the parent rock. Feldspars and micas present in MG are weathered into plastic and hydrophilic clay minerals. These are likely to have a negative impact on the engineering properties of the derived soils. Statistical treatment of all determined engineering parameters showed significant differences in all cases except in relation to specific gravity, permeability and compressibility.
Briefing: Grand Théâtre de Rabat, Morocco – a case study
Authors: Watts Andrew , Kunchev Ross
Published: January 2019

The Grand Théâtre de Rabat is part of a programme of Moroccan cultural development. Given the large number of glass-fibre-reinforced concrete panels used for the project in different sizes and configurations, an important aspect was to ensure that a single system was implemented with a single fixing detail, serving as a ‘universal’ connection detail. Basic material tests and static testing of the connections were undertaken before tender to provide an essential proof-of-concept validation for the proposed design and to test the feasibility of both outputs and process, which would then have to be repeated by the appointed fabricator. In addition, the sizes of the main components were required to be understood at an early stage of the project, to minimise the time required for both fabrication and installation.
Tyre rubber and expansive soils: two hazards, one solution
Authors: Soltani Amin , Taheri Abbas , Deng An , Nikraz Hamid
Published: January 2019

This paper presents the results of an experimental programme using shredded waste tyre rubber to reinforce expansive soils. Soil samples were reinforced with fine and coarse rubber particles at four different contents by weight. The rubber-reinforced soils were then subjected to unconfined compression, split tensile, direct shear and desiccation-induced crack tests. Improvements in cracking intensity and shear strength were found with higher rubber contents. However, rubber contents greater than 10% raised failure concerns during compression and/or tension, attributed to clustering of rubber particles under non-confinement test conditions. Although the coarser rubber slightly outperformed the finer rubber, the effect of larger rubber size was mainly translated to higher ductility, lower stiffness and higher energy adsorption capacity rather than peak strength improvements. The swelling properties previously investigated by the authors were revisited and cross-checked with the strength-related features to arrive at the optimum rubber content. In this case, 10% rubber was found to result in a notable decrease in the swell−shrink (and hence cracking) capacity as well as improving the strength-related properties and thus was deemed as the optimum choice.
UK participation at ICOLD 2018, Vienna, Austria
Authors: Goff Craig A.
Published: January 2019

The International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) held its 26th (triennial) congress and 86th annual meeting in Vienna, Austria on 1–7 July 2018. Details of the conference programme and papers are available online. The UK was well represented with around 30 attendees. The entire day of 1 July was devoted to ICOLD technical committee meetings. This paper provides a collated and edited update from the UK representative to each committee on the workings on each technical committee. Matters discussed at the ICOLD general assembly are also reported on.
Tidal range structure operation assessment and optimisation
Authors: Angeloudis Athanasios
Published: January 2019

The construction and operation of tidal range structures has been in the spotlight since the UK Government-commissioned Hendry Review advised that tidal power can play a significant role in the future energy mix. Tidal range proposals undergo rigorous scrutiny over their feasibility and environmental implications, despite presenting opportunities to deliver sustainable large-scale electricity supplies to the national grid. Preceding efforts to harness UK's untapped tidal energy resource through barrages were dismissed on the grounds of feasibility and environmental uncertainties. There is now a need to develop reliable engineering tools that can be used to improve designs under consideration. In this case a novel coastal ocean finite-element model is coupled with tidal power plant operation algorithms. This is applied to assess the performance of tidal range structures such as the Swansea bay and Cardiff tidal lagoons. The analysis takes into account an adaptive operation that aims to maximise the electricity output over variable spring–neap tidal conditions. It is demonstrated that such hydrodynamic models, when informed regarding the design of the constituent turbines and sluice gates, can simulate the power plant operation to provide insights to the energy output and hydro-environmental impacts of such schemes.
Interfacial shear strength of rubber-reinforced clays: a dimensional analysis perspective
Authors: Soltani A. , Deng A. , Taheri A. , Mirzababaei M. , Nikraz H.
Published: January 2019

The present study aims towards the development of practical dimensional models capable of simulating the interfacial shear strength of rubber-reinforced clays. Two types of recycled tire rubbers (of fine and coarse categories) were each incorporated into the soil at four different contents (by weight), and statically compacted at their respective Proctor optimum condition for direct shear testing. The rubber inclusions amended the soil through improvements achieved in two aspects: (i) frictional resistance generated as a result of soil–rubber contact; and (ii) mechanical interlocking of rubber particles and soil grains. In general, both amending mechanisms were in favor of a higher rubber content, and to a lesser degree a larger rubber size. The dimensional analysis concept was extended to the soil–rubber shear strength problem, thereby leading to the development of practical dimensional models capable of simulating the shear stress–horizontal displacement response as a function of the composite's basic index properties. The predictive capacity of the proposed models was examined and validated by statistical techniques. The proposed dimensional models contain a limited number of fitting parameters, which can be calibrated by minimal experimental effort and hence implemented for predictive purposes.
State-dependent flow instability of a silty loess
Authors: Liu F. , Xu Q. , Zhang Y. , Frost J. D. , Zhang X.
Published: January 2019

The flow instability of intact and reconstituted silty loess recovered from the loess plateau of China are studied under undrained monotonic loading using conventional triaxial tests; flow instability has been postulated as the primary cause for loess flowslides. The experimentally determined critical state lines of intact and reconstituted silty loess appear to be non-linear and the flow behaviours are state-dependent with non-unique instability lines. The effect of structure of intact silty loess can either impede or facilitate the onset of flow instability depending on the state of the soil. A previously proposed modified state parameter is employed to better characterise the flow behaviours of silty loess, with a revised range and corresponding descriptors.
A depth-integrated SPH model for debris floods: application to Lo Wai (Hong Kong) debris flood of August 2005
Authors: Lin Chuan , Pastor Manuel , Yague Angel , Tayyebi Saeid Moussavi , Stickle Miguel Martin , Manzanal Diego , Li Tongchun , Liu Xiaoqing
Published: January 2019

In this work an approach to representing debris floods and flows is proposed, based on a depth-integrated mathematical model and smooth particle hydrodynamics numerical technique. The main contributions of the present work are twofold: (a) an improved rheological Bingham model where solid fraction concentration can change as solids are entrained by the current and (b) implementation of boundary conditions describing the injection process of water from channel weirs into the domain. The model has been applied to the case of Lo Wai debris flood (Hong Kong, August 2005). Numerical results obtained with the proposed model are in reasonable agreement with field observation.
Bearing capacity of footings on an artificially cemented layer above weak foundation soil
Authors: Foppa Diego , Sacco Rafael Luis , Consoli Nilo Cesar
Published: January 2019

Current methods for predicting the bearing capacity of double-layer systems implicitly assume that the top layer is continuous. This paper presents a new method for calculating the bearing capacity of shallow strip footings supported by an artificially cemented soil-reinforcing layer bearing on weak foundation soil, considering its lateral extension. Tests of strip footings on a loose sandy soil, as well as numerical analysis by the finite-element method, were carried out. Two distinct types of failure were observed. In the first, the cement-reinforced soil layer punched through the loose sandy soil without showing any fissuring. In the second, after an initial settlement, the reinforcement layer broke, showing a fissure, which was located near the foundation's edge or its centre axis, depending on the reinforced layer thickness. It was found that the maximum tensile stress in the reinforcement layer was a function of the soil vertical reaction and the Tr/Hr ratio, where Tr is the horizontal distance between the edge of the footing and the edge of the reinforcement and Hr is the thickness of the reinforcement. A new calculation method for bearing capacity prediction is proposed, with the assumption that failure occurs in the natural soil.