bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Elbow Angle for Sonographic Visualization of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Authors: Lueders Daniel R. , Pourcho Adam M. , Sellon Jacob L. , Dahm Diane L. , Smith Jay
Published: April 2015

Objective

To formally examine the sonographic appearance of the elbow ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) at 30° versus 70° of elbow flexion in asymptomatic baseball pitchers.

Design

A prospective, cross‐sectional design.

Setting

Sports medicine clinic in a tertiary academic medical center.

Participants

Thirty asymptomatic adolescent baseball pitchers 13‐18 years of age (mean 15.8 years), with at least 3 years of continuous pitching experience and no significant history of elbow pain or injury.

Methods

Static sonographic images of the bilateral UCLs were obtained at 30° and 70° of elbow flexion by a single experienced examiner. Images were anonymized and randomized into a slide set. Three clinicians with different levels of ultrasound experience reviewed the static 30° and 70° images for each elbow and chose their preferred image based on UCL conspicuity. The clinicians reviewed a re‐randomized slide set 1 week later. A different study co‐investigator measured UCL cross‐sectional area (CSA) on all images using ultrasound machine electronic calipers.

Main Outcome Measures

Preference for the sonographic conspicuity of the UCL at 30° versus 70° of elbow flexion, and UCL CSA at 30° versus 70° of flexion.

Results

Each clinician demonstrated a significant preference for UCL images obtained at 70° of flexion when compared to those obtained at 30° (80.3% overall preference for 70°, P < .001). There was no statistically significant effect of clinician experience or arm dominance on image preference. The sonographically determined CSA of the UCLs were on average 1.4 mm2 greater at 70° than at 30° of flexion (P < .001) when combining dominant and nondominant arms.

Conclusions

Static sonographic evaluation of the UCL at 70° of elbow flexion should be integrated into UCL imaging protocols. Furthermore, when performing sonographically guided procedures targeting the UCL, clinicians should consider positioning the elbow at >30° of flexion to optimize UCL conspicuity and CSA.
CATTLE PRODUCERS’ WILLINGNESS TO ADOPT OR EXPAND PRESCRIBED GRAZING IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: JENSEN KIMBERLY L. , LAMBERT DAYTON M. , CLARK CHRISTOPHER D. , HOLT CAROLINE , ENGLISH BURTON C. , LARSON JAMES A. , YU T. EDWARD , HELLWINCKEL CHAD
Published: April 2015

A triple hurdle model estimates cattle farmer willingness to adopt or expand prescribed grazing on pasture in the United States in response to a hypothetical incentive program. Interest in adoption/expansion is estimated first, then willingness to participate in the program, followed by intensity of participation measured as additional acres enrolled. The supply elasticity of enrolled acres with respect to the incentive is 0.13. Nonpecuniary factors inter alia farmer sentiment about stewardship, current farm management practices, farm location, and education are associated with farmer willingness to participate and with participation intensity.
Recusant history and after
Authors: Bossy John
Published: April 2015

It is now fifty-six years since I wrote my first piece for Recusant History, and I am happy to have survived to welcome its reincarnation. Since its foundation in 1951 as an addendum to Gillow’s Biographical Dictionary of English Catholics it has had an honourable career, getting into print a number of essential contributions to the history of Catholics in England, mainly between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. It has been a companion to the distinguished bibliographical work of Anthony Allison, David Rogers and Tom Birrell. It was a creation of laymen, which is to say that it was an attempt to transcend the efforts of a period when this history had been largely a monopoly of the clergy, and ran the risk of degenerating into feuds between rival sections of that body. This lay input was much strengthened by the effect of the 1944 Education Act, which produced numbers of students keen to make a mark in the field. In view of their education, they did not necessarily alter the terms in which questions were put, and when the modest journal was launched a degree of hegemony in the Catholic Record Society was being exercised by the Jesuit side, which ought to have but failed to put out the letters and papers of Robert Persons. It had an invitation to wider thoughts in the philo-Jesuit lectures on the Counter-Reformation of the Cambridge academic Outram Evennett, delivered also in 1951.1 As these were not published until 1968 the invitation was muffled, but something of it was in the atmosphere.
Alexander Seton, First Earl of Dunfermline: his library, his house, his world
Authors: Davidson Peter
Published: April 2015

This article re-considers Alexander Seton, First Earl of Dunfermline (1555–1622) in his cultural context, particularly in the light of the recently-discovered inventory of his private library. This sophisticated collection of continental books, with strong holdings in art, architecture and Catholic apologetics, offers new information on the intense private Catholicism of a statesman who conformed outwardly to Protestantism. The inventory casts light also on his work of building and decoration at Pinkie House, Musselburgh. The article concludes by raising the possibility of some kind of continuance at Pluscarden Priory in Moray after the reformation and under Seton’s protection, and that Seton’s daughter Sophia may have built a freestanding Catholic chapel on her marriage to David Lindsay, first Lord Balcarres.
Building libraries in exile: The English convents and their book collections in the seventeenth century
Authors: Bowden Caroline
Published: April 2015

The foundation of new English convents in exile placed demands on the early leaders regarding the furnishing of appropriate texts for the religious life for women at a time of limited resources and strict controls over printing Catholic texts in English. This article examines challenges facing the convents and external influences on the choice of titles, ranging from women’s reading experiences in their families to authors whose works appeared in libraries owned by both pious Catholic and Protestant lay women. It then considers how communities assembled collections of books in the first half of the exile period, concluding with an appendix giving some examples of surviving key texts found in convent libraries dating from the seventeenth century.
Subjectivity and Substance
Authors: Pinkard Terry
Published: April 2015

Among the many developments in philosophy in the last several years has been the relatively recent wave of books and articles, especially in ethics, linking Kantianism with Aristotelianism. Hegelians are not surprised at this turn. For Hegel, there was a kind of logic to the key concepts in Aristotle and Kant that inevitably pushed us from one to the other, and something like that thought is behind his notorious summary statement in thePhenomenologythat ‘everything hangs on apprehending and expressing the true not merely assubstancebut also equally assubject.’ Or as we might alternately put it with a narrower scope, everything about our interpretation of Hegel hangs on what in the world we take Hegel to mean by that assertion. Answering that requires us to take a stand on what constitutes Hegel’s idealism and what constitutes his version of naturalism (even on whether there is such a thing as Hegel’s naturalism at all).
The Fate of Performance Ratings: Don’t Write the Obituary Yet
Authors: Smither James W.
Published: April 2015

In the focal article, Pulakos, Mueller Hanson, Arad, and Moye (2015) have noted that performance management (PM) too often consists of intermittent steps (e.g., end-of-year performance review ratings and meetings) that are not connected to day-to-day work. With regard to performance ratings, Pulakos et al. (2015) have pointed out that it can be “demotivating and disengaging for employees to have their performance boiled down to a single number, with which they are then labeled, unless it is the highest rating or ranking that is available” (p. xx). The authors have also noted that managers sometimes retrofit their ratings to justify the pay increases that managers want to give employees (sometimes for reasons unrelated to the employee's level of performance). Pulakos et al. have also offered a case study of one organization, Cargill, which has abandoned ratings. Although Pulakos and colleagues have pointed out that not all organizations should eliminate ratings, the authors have argued that when there are small differences in pay increases across employees, ratings can be removed with relative ease and little consequence. Pulakos and colleagues have therefore suggested that organizations should consider the impact that ratings have on decision making (and have suggested that this impact is often smaller than one might think).
The Performance Management Fix Is In: How Practice Can Build on the Research
Authors: Levy Paul E. , Silverman Stanley B. , Cavanaugh Caitlin M.
Published: April 2015

The scientist–practitioner model of training in industrial and organizational psychology provides the foundation for the education of industrial and organizational psychologists across the world. This approach is important because, as industrial and organizational psychologists, we are responsible for both the creation and discovery of knowledge and the use or application of that knowledge. In multiple articles recently published in this journal, Pulakos and her colleagues (Pulakos, Mueller Hanson, Arad, & Moye, 2015; Pulakos & O’Leary, 2011) have argued that performance management (PM), as applied and implemented in organizations, is broken. This is not a unique take on the state of PM in organizations, as others have been arguing for many years that PM is no longer working in organizations the way that we would like it to work (Banks & Murphy, 1985; Bretz, Milkovich, & Read, 1992). Further, for many years and in many Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology conference panels and debates in the literature, we have been inundated with discussions and conversations around the science–practice gap and around the gap being especially evident in PM.
A Performance Management Solution: Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System (ProMES)
Authors: Scaduto Anne , Hunt Brendan , Schmerling Daniel
Published: April 2015

Pulakos, Mueller Hanson, Arad, and Moye (2015) have stated that performance management (PM) best practices have resulted in the dissatisfaction of employees and managers with PM reviews and systems. The authors have suggested that the focus should be on driving critical PM behaviors that have been shown to increase engagement and performance. Corporate Leadership Council (2004) research demonstrated that increased engagement takes place when PM behaviors such as setting clear expectations, providing regular feedback, and helping employees develop and succeed occur. In addition, effective PM happens when employees are contributing to the process as well.
Leveraging Technology to Improve Social Dynamics
Authors: Goldberg Edie L.
Published: April 2015

Although the authors of the focal article (Pulakos, Mueller Hanson, Arad, & Moye, 2015) have provided some well-grounded guidelines on how to fix the performance management (PM) dilemma companies are facing today, in this commentary, I seek to extend their thesis to include innovating the process by leveraging new social technologies that have the opportunity to truly change the social dynamics of the entire process. Furthermore, it is critical to also consider how well the PM process is aligned with the company's formal and informal work structures. Traditional work structures were hierarchical, with employees reporting to one manager and having responsibility primarily for their own work product. Today's contemporary work structures often rely on teamwork and/or matrixed work structures in which an employee has two managers.
Spectral scaling in boundary layers and pipes at very high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Vallikivi M. , Ganapathisubramani B. , Smits A. J.
Published: April 2015

One-dimensional energy spectra in flat plate zero pressure gradient boundary layers and pipe flows are examined over a wide range of Reynolds numbers ($2600\leqslant \mathit{Re}_{{\it\tau}}\leqslant 72\,500$). The spectra show excellent collapse with Kolmogorov scaling at high wavenumbers for both flows at all Reynolds numbers. The peaks associated with the large-scale motions (LSMs) and superstructures (SS) in boundary layers behave as they do in pipe flows, with some minor differences. The location of the outer spectral peak, associated with SS or very large-scale motions (VLSMs) in the turbulent wall region, displays only a weak dependence on Reynolds number, and it occurs at the same wall-normal distance where the variances establish a logarithmic behaviour and where the amplitude modulation coefficient has a zero value. The results suggest that with increasing Reynolds number the energy is largely confined to a thin wall layer that continues to diminish in physical extent. The outer-scaled wavelength of the outer spectral peak appears to decrease with increasing Reynolds number. However, there is still significant energy content in wavelengths associated with the SS and VLSMs. The location of the outer spectral peak appears to mark the start of a plateau that is consistent with a $k_{x}^{-1}$ slope in the spectrum and the logarithmic variation in the variances. This $k_{x}^{-1}$ region seems to occur when there is sufficient scale separation between the locations of the outer spectral peak and the outer edge of the log region. It does not require full similarity between outer and wall-normal scaling on the wavenumber. The extent of $k_{x}^{-1}$ region depends on the wavelength of the outer spectral peak (${\it\lambda}_{OSP}$), which appears to emerge as a new length scale for the log region. Finally, based on the observations from the spectra together with the statistics presented in Vallikivi et al. (J. Fluid Mech., 2015 (submitted)), five distinct wall-normal layers are identified in turbulent wall flows.
Formation of corner waves in the wake of a partially submerged bluff body
Authors: Martínez-Legazpi P. , Rodríguez-Rodríguez J. , Korobkin A. , Lasheras J. C.
Published: April 2015

We study theoretically and numerically the downstream flow near the corner of a bluff body partially submerged at a deadrise depth${\rm\Delta}h$into a uniform stream of velocity$U$, in the presence of gravity,$g$. When the Froude number,$\mathit{Fr}=U/\sqrt{g{\rm\Delta}h}$, is large, a three-dimensional steady plunging wave, which is referred to as a corner wave, forms near the corner, developing downstream in a similar way to a two-dimensional plunging wave evolving in time. We have performed an asymptotic analysis of the flow near this corner to describe the wave’s initial evolution and to clarify the physical mechanism that leads to its formation. Using the two-dimensions-plus-time approximation, the problem reduces to one similar to dam-break flow with a wet bed in front of the dam. The analysis shows that, at leading order, the problem admits a self-similar formulation when the size of the wave is small compared with the height difference${\rm\Delta}h$. The essential feature of the self-similar solution is the formation of a mushroom-shaped jet from which two smaller lateral jets stem. However, numerical simulations show that this self-similar solution is questionable from the physical point of view, as the two lateral jets plunge onto the free surface, leading to a self-intersecting flow. The physical mechanism leading to the formation of the mushroom-shaped structure is discussed.
Geostatistics as a tool to study mite dispersion in physic nut plantations
Authors: Rosado J.F. , Picanço M.C. , Sarmento R.A. , Pereira R.M. , Pedro-Neto M. , Galdino T.V.S. , de Sousa Saraiva A. , Erasmo E.A.L.
Published: April 2015

Spatial distribution studies in pest management identify the locations where pest attacks on crops are most severe, enabling us to understand and predict the movement of such pests. Studies on the spatial distribution of two mite species, however, are rather scarce. The mitesPolyphagotarsonemus latusandTetranychus bastosiare the major pests affecting physic nut plantations (Jatropha curcas). Therefore, the objective of this study was to measure the spatial distributions ofP. latusandT. bastosiin the physic nut plantations. Mite densities were monitored over 2 years in two different plantations. Sample locations were georeferenced. The experimental data were analyzed using geostatistical analyses. The total mite density was found to be higher when only one species was present (T. bastosi). When both the mite species were found in the same plantation, their peak densities occurred at different times. These mites, however, exhibited uniform spatial distribution when found at extreme densities (low or high). However, the mites showed an aggregated distribution in intermediate densities. Mite spatial distribution models were isotropic. Mite colonization commenced at the periphery of the areas under study, whereas the high-density patches extended until they reached 30 m in diameter. This has not been reported forJ. curcasplants before.
Beyond the Magical Thinking Behind the Principal Principle
Authors: James Edward
Published: April 2015

David Lewis'sPrincipal Principle(PP) states that our credence in a single case follows from the general probability of all such cases. Against this stands the Challenge Argument (CA) – to show that the inference is justified. Recent (1) law-to-chance, (2) Bayesian, and (3) propensity theories of probability take up the challenge – but, I argue, fall short. Rather, we should understand (4) propensity via Aristotle's analysis of spontaneity (5) and probabilistic reasoning via theAnti-PPand (6) the practice ofbundling one offs, where (7)forced bad-odds one offsilluminate how extensive a role luck plays in our lives.
WHY DID THE MEDITERRANEAN FAIL TO GLOBALISE? REAL WAGES AND LABOUR MARKET INTEGRATION IN THE 19THCENTURY
Authors: Caruana-Galizia Paul
Published: April 2015

Can low emigration rates from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic economy partly explain its relative economic decline over the 19thcentury? Time series tests of real wage integration show that the Maghreb and Eastern Mediterranean exported enough labourers to experience labour market integration, while the emigration rates of the northern Mediterranean, were not high enough. As the latter group comprised most of the region’s economic weight, the Mediterranean as a whole was held back. The wage gap between the first two groups and the Atlantic economy was the highest, but journey costs relative to wage levels were roughly similar across the Mediterranean. The incentive-vs.-cost arithmetic favoured emigration from the Maghreb and Eastern Mediterranean.
The Mexican debt crisis redux: international interbank markets and financial crisis, 1977–1982
Authors: Alvarez Sebastian
Published: April 2015

The international banking crisis that began in 2007 has brought the relationship between international banking activities and financial crises to the forefront. The growing reliance on foreign interbank funding by domestic banks has been recognized as a crucial factor in explaining the banking and sovereign debt crisis currently affecting several peripheral European countries. This article shows that the link between financial crisis and international interbank lending is not a new phenomenon; a similar trend can be observed in the Mexican banking sector during the run-up to its 1982 debt crisis. I explore the international activities of Mexican commercial banks in the years preceding the country's default and demonstrate that they became involved in international lending which was funded largely through heavy short-term interbank foreign borrowing. I provide new archival evidence which shows that in intermediating foreign finance with local public and private borrowers, Mexican banks incurred maturity, interest rate and currency mismatches and dangerously increased their risk position. This article provides insights for understanding the Mexican debt crisis as closely intertwined with problems in the domestic banking sector, which were, in turn, linked to its involvement in the international financial system.
Treatment Outcome and Metacognitive Change in CBT and GET for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Fernie Bruce A. , Murphy Gabrielle , Wells Adrian , Nikčević Ana V. , Spada Marcantonio M.
Published: April 2015

Background: Studies have reported that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Graded Exercise Therapy (GET) are effective treatments for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Method: One hundred and seventy-one patients undertook a course of either CBT (n = 116) or GET (n = 55) and were assessed on a variety of self-report measures at pre- and posttreatment and follow-up. Aims: In this paper we present analyses on treatment outcomes for CBT and GET in routine clinical practice and evaluate whether changes on subscales of the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) predict fatigue severity independently of changes in other covariates, and across the two treatment modalities. Results: Both CBT and GET were equally effective at decreasing fatigue, anxiety, and depression, and at increasing physical functioning. Changes on the subscales of the MCQ-30 were also found to have a significant effect on fatigue severity independently of changes in other covariates and across treatment modalities. Conclusion: The findings from the current study suggest that CFS treatment protocols for CBT and GET, based on those from the PACE trial, achieve similar to poorer outcomes in routine clinical practice as in a RCT.
GLOBALIZATION AND INFLATION: NEW PANEL EVIDENCE
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyeon , Lin Shu-Chin , Wu Yi-Chen
Published: April 2015

Recent empirical work on globalization and inflation analyzes multicountry data sets in panel and/or cross-section frameworks and reaches inconclusive results. This paper highlights their shortcomings and reexamines the issue utilizing heterogeneous panel cointegration techniques that allow for cross-section heterogeneity and dependence. It finds that in a sample of developing countries globalization of both trade and finance, on the average, exerts a significant and positive effect on inflation, whereas in a sample of developed countries there is, on the average, no significant impact of openness. Neither type of openness disciplines inflationary policy. Despite this, there are large variations in the effect across countries, due possibly to differences in the quality of political institutions, central bank independence, the exchange-rate regimes, financial development, and/or legal traditions.
Dual-band stacked circularly polarized microstrip antenna for S and C band applications
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Sharma Abhishek , Kanaujia Binod K. , Khandelwal Mukesh K. , Gautam Anil Kumar
Published: April 2015

A single-fed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is proposed where the antenna structure exhibits truncated corners in the radiating square patch. The truncated corners square patch structure is loaded with a circular slot and is resonating at 2.25 GHz with circular polarization. Furthermore, the proposed antenna is stacked using an upper circular patch thus achieving a dual-band circularly polarized pattern. The dual-band antenna resonates at 2.25 GHz in the first band and with impedance bandwidth ranging from 4.4 to 5.5 GHz in the second band. The size of the proposed stacked structure is compact compared with the conventional circularly polarized stacked antenna designs. Proposed structures are fabricated and fed using Subminiature version A (SMA) connector. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated. The antenna shows stable radiation characteristics for the entire band of operation.
Jackson Receives 2014 Hisashi Kuno Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: April 2015

Matthew Jackson received the 2014 Hisashi Kuno Award at the 2014 American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, held 15–19 December in San Francisco, Calif. The award recognizes "accomplishments of junior scientists who make outstanding contributions to the fields of volcanology, geochemistry, and petrology."
Chemokines, their receptors and human disease: the good, the bad and the itchy
Authors: Bryant Vanessa L , Slade Charlotte A
Published: April 2015

Chemokines are a highly specialized group of cytokines that coordinate trafficking and homing of leucocytes between bone marrow, lymphoid organs and sites of infection or inflammation. They are also responsible for structural organization within lymphoid organs. Aberrant expression or function of these molecules, or their receptors, has been linked to protection or susceptibility to specific infectious diseases, as well as the risk of autoimmune disease and malignancy, revealing critical roles of chemokines and their receptors in human health, disease and therapeutics. In this review, we focus on human diseases that provide lessons regarding the critical role of these specialized and complex cytokines.
Active control of all-fibre graphene devices with electrical gating
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Choi Sun Young , Jeong Hwanseong , Park Nam Hun , Yim Woongbin , Kim Mi Hye , Park Jae-Ku , Son Suyeon , Bae Sukang , Kim Sang Jin , Lee Kwanil , Ahn Yeong Hwan , Ahn Kwang Jun , Hong Byung Hee , Park Ji-Yong , Rotermund Fabian , Yeom Dong-Il
Published: April 2015

Active manipulation of light in optical fibres has been extensively studied with great interest because of its compatibility with diverse fibre-optic systems. While graphene exhibits a strong electro-optic effect originating from its gapless Dirac-fermionic band structure, electric control of all-fibre graphene devices remains still highly challenging. Here we report electrically manipulable in-line graphene devices by integrating graphene-based field effect transistors on a side-polished fibre. Ion liquid used in the present work critically acts both as an efficient gating medium with wide electrochemical windows and transparent over-cladding facilitating light–matter interaction. Combined study of unique features in gate-variable electrical transport and optical transition at monolayer and randomly stacked multilayer graphene reveals that the device exhibits significant optical transmission change (>90%) with high efficiency-loss figure of merit. This subsequently modifies nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics of the device, enabling electrically tunable fibre laser at various operational regimes. The proposed device will open promising way for actively controlled optoelectronic and nonlinear photonic devices in all-fibre platform with greatly enhanced graphene–light interaction.
Seasonality in submesoscale turbulence
Authors: Callies Jörn , Ferrari Raffaele , Klymak Jody M. , Gula Jonathan
Published: April 2015

Although the strongest ocean surface currents occur at horizontal scales of order 100 km, recent numerical simulations suggest that flows smaller than these mesoscale eddies can achieve important vertical transports in the upper ocean. These submesoscale flows, 1–100 km in horizontal extent, take heat and atmospheric gases down into the interior ocean, accelerating air–sea fluxes, and bring deep nutrients up into the sunlit surface layer, fueling primary production. Here we present observational evidence that submesoscale flows undergo a seasonal cycle in the surface mixed layer: they are much stronger in winter than in summer. Submesoscale flows are energized by baroclinic instabilities that develop around geostrophic eddies in the deep winter mixed layer at a horizontal scale of order 1–10 km. Flows larger than this instability scale are energized by turbulent scale interactions. Enhanced submesoscale activity in the winter mixed layer is expected to achieve efficient exchanges with the permanent thermocline below.
Dynamic caveolae exclude bulk membrane proteins and are required for sorting of excess glycosphingolipids
Authors: Shvets Elena , Bitsikas Vassilis , Howard Gillian , Hansen Carsten Gram , Nichols Benjamin J.
Published: April 2015

Caveolae have long been implicated in endocytosis. Recent data question this link, and in the absence of specific cargoes the potential cellular function of caveolar endocytosis remains unclear. Here we develop new tools, including doubly genome-edited cell lines, to assay the subcellular dynamics of caveolae using tagged proteins expressed at endogenous levels. We find that around 5% of the cellular pool of caveolae is present on dynamic endosomes, and is delivered to endosomes in a clathrin-independent manner. Furthermore, we show that caveolae are indeed likely to bud directly from the plasma membrane. Using a genetically encoded tag for electron microscopy and ratiometric light microscopy, we go on to show that bulk membrane proteins are depleted within caveolae. Although caveolae are likely to account for only a small proportion of total endocytosis, cells lacking caveolae show fundamentally altered patterns of membrane traffic when loaded with excess glycosphingolipid. Altogether, these observations support the hypothesis that caveolar endocytosis is specialized for transport of membrane lipid.
Live-cell imaging of actin dynamics reveals mechanisms of stereocilia length regulation in the inner ear
Authors: Drummond Meghan C. , Barzik Melanie , Bird Jonathan E. , Zhang Duan-Sun , Lechene Claude P. , Corey David P. , Cunningham Lisa L. , Friedman Thomas B.
Published: April 2015

The maintenance of sensory hair cell stereocilia is critical for lifelong hearing; however, mechanisms of structural homeostasis remain poorly understood. Conflicting models propose that stereocilia F-actin cores are either continually renewed every 24–48 h via a treadmill or are stable, exceptionally long-lived structures. Here to distinguish between these models, we perform an unbiased survey of stereocilia actin dynamics in more than 500 utricle hair cells. Live-imaging EGFP-β-actin or dendra2-β-actin reveal stable F-actin cores with turnover and elongation restricted to stereocilia tips. Fixed-cell microscopy of wild-type and mutant β-actin demonstrates that incorporation of actin monomers into filaments is required for localization to stereocilia tips. Multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry and live imaging of single differentiating hair cells capture stereociliogenesis and explain uniform incorporation of 15N-labelled protein and EGFP-β-actin into nascent stereocilia. Collectively, our analyses support a model in which stereocilia actin cores are stable structures that incorporate new F-actin only at the distal tips.
Systematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 2 × 10−18 total uncertainty
Authors: Nicholson T.L. , Campbell S.L. , Hutson R.B. , Marti G.E. , Bloom B.J. , McNally R.L. , Zhang W. , Barrett M.D. , Safronova M.S. , Strouse G.F. , Tew W.L. , Ye J.
Published: April 2015

The pursuit of better atomic clocks has advanced many research areas, providing better quantum state control, new insights in quantum science, tighter limits on fundamental constant variation and improved tests of relativity. The record for the best stability and accuracy is currently held by optical lattice clocks. Here we take an important step towards realizing the full potential of a many-particle clock with a state-of-the-art stable laser. Our 87Sr optical lattice clock now achieves fractional stability of 2.2 × 10−16 at 1 s. With this improved stability, we perform a new accuracy evaluation of our clock, reducing many systematic uncertainties that limited our previous measurements, such as those in the lattice ac Stark shift, the atoms’ thermal environment and the atomic response to room-temperature blackbody radiation. Our combined measurements have reduced the total uncertainty of the JILA Sr clock to 2.1 × 10−18 in fractional frequency units.
Designer diatom episomes delivered by bacterial conjugation
Authors: Karas Bogumil J. , Diner Rachel E. , Lefebvre Stephane C. , McQuaid Jeff , Phillips Alex P.R. , Noddings Chari M. , Brunson John K. , Valas Ruben E. , Deerinck Thomas J. , Jablanovic Jelena , Gillard Jeroen T.F. , Beeri Karen , Ellisman Mark H. , Glass John I. , Hutchison III Clyde A. , Smith Hamilton O. , Venter J. Craig , Allen Andrew E. , Dupont Christopher L. , Weyman Philip D.
Published: April 2015

Eukaryotic microalgae hold great promise for the bioproduction of fuels and higher value chemicals. However, compared with model genetic organisms such asEscherichia coliandSaccharomyces cerevisiae, characterization of the complex biology and biochemistry of algae and strain improvement has been hampered by the inefficient genetic tools. To date, many algal species are transformable only via particle bombardment, and the introduced DNA is integrated randomly into the nuclear genome. Here we describe the first nuclear episomal vector for diatoms and a plasmid delivery method via conjugation fromEscherichia colito the diatomsPhaeodactylum tricornutumandThalassiosira pseudonana. We identify a yeast-derived sequence that enables stable episome replication in these diatoms even in the absence of antibiotic selection and show that episomes are maintained as closed circles at copy number equivalent to native chromosomes. This highly efficient genetic system facilitates high-throughput functional characterization of algal genes and accelerates molecular phytoplankton research.
Tailor-made peptide sensor for detection of matrix metalloproteinase 2 in blood serum
Authors: Xu Huifeng , Ye Hongzhi , Yu Lishuang , Chi Yuwu , Liu Xianxiang , Chen Guonan
Published: April 2015

We designed a simple and sensitive peptide electrochemical sensor for detection of MMP-2, with a detection limit of 0.3 ng mL−1.
Colorimetric detection of hypochlorite in tap water based on the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl benzidine
Authors: Guo Yongming , Ma Qinge , Cao Fengpu , Zhao Qiang , Ji Xuewei
Published: April 2015

A simple method for the colorimetric detection of hypochlorite in tap water with good selectivity and sensitivity has been developed by utilization of the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine.
Separation of the alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Aiton by using a molecular imprinted polymer on a silica-gel surface
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhang Zhuang , Li Nan
Published: April 2015

A molecular imprinted polymer on the surface of silica gel was successfully used to separate the alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Aiton.
Sulphate-selective optical microsensors: overcoming the hydration energy penalty
Authors: Guinovart Tomàs , Blondeau Pascal , Andrade Francisco J.
Published: April 2015

Novel membrane-free chemically modified polystyrene microspheres for the optical detection of sulphate in aqueous media are introduced.
Ultrathin CuO nanorods: controllable synthesis and superior catalytic properties in styrene epoxidation
Authors: Jia Wei , Liu Yuxi , Hu Pengfei , Yu Rong , Wang Yu , Ma Lei , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: April 2015

Ultrathin CuO nanorods which were synthesized in an oleylamine-based synthetic system exhibited excellent activity and high styrene oxide yields in styrene epoxidation.
Solution-processed solar cells based on inorganic bulk heterojunctions with evident hole contribution to photocurrent generation
Authors: Qiu Zeliang , Liu Changwen , Pan Guoxing , Meng Weili , Yue Wenjin , Chen Junwei , Zhou Xun , Zhang Fapei , Wang Mingtai
Published: April 2015

Non-excitonic solar cells based on inorganic bulk heterojunctions with evident hole contribution to photocurrent generation.
Correction: Fragment density functional theory calculation of NMR chemical shifts for proteins with implicit solvation
Authors: Zhu Tong , He Xiao , Zhang John Z. H.
Published: April 2015

Correction for ‘Fragment density functional theory calculation of NMR chemical shifts for proteins with implicit solvation’ by Tong Zhu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2012, 14, 7837–7845.
Water-assisted proton delivery and removal in bio-inspired hydrogen production catalysts
Authors: Ho Ming-Hsun , O'Hagan Molly , Dupuis Michel , DuBois Daniel L. , Bullock R. Morris , Shaw Wendy J. , Raugei Simone
Published: April 2015

Water is found to accelerate proton delivery and removal in electrocatalysts for H2 production, resulting in a marked increase in the catalytic rates. The significant reduction in protonation/deprotonation barriers observed in the presence of water has important implications for design catalysts with improved performance.
Nutraceutical properties of the methanolic extract of edible mushroom Cantharellus cibarius (Fries): primary mechanisms
Authors: Kozarski Maja , Klaus Anita , Vunduk Jovana , Zizak Zeljko , Niksic Miomir , Jakovljevic Dragica , Vrvic Miroslav M. , Van Griensven Leo J. L. D.
Published: April 2015

The methanolic extract of the wild edible mushroomCantharellus cibariusFr. (chanterelle) was analyzed forin vitroantioxidative, cytotoxic, antihypertensive and antibacterial activities.
Transient signal isotope analysis using multicollection of ion beams with Faraday cups equipped with 1012 Ω and 1011 Ω feedback resistors
Authors: Gourgiotis Alkiviadis , Manhès Gérard , Louvat Pascale , Moureau Julien , Gaillardet Jérôme
Published: April 2015

This work is a first attempt to evaluate the potential use of 1012 Ω amplifiers for transient signal isotope analysis. We showed how the transient signal duration influences the accuracy of the isotope ratio measurements.
Development and application of a HPIC-ICP-MS method for the redox arsenic speciation in river sediment pore waters
Authors: Gorny Josselin , Dumoulin David , Lesven Ludovic , Noiriel Catherine , Madé Benoît , Billon Gabriel
Published: April 2015

A HPIC-ICP-MS method has been developed to directly determine As redox speciation in filtered sediment pore waters without pre-treatment step.
A handheld flow genetic analysis system (FGAS): towards rapid, sensitive, quantitative and multiplex molecular diagnosis at the point-of-care level
Authors: Shu Bowen , Zhang Chunsun , Xing Da
Published: April 2015

An ultra-compact, battery-powered and easy-to-use microfluidic platform is proposed for rapid, sensitive, multiplex and real-time quantification and point-of-care genetic analysis.
Hydrogel-driven paper-based microfluidics
Authors: Niedl Robert R. , Beta Carsten
Published: April 2015

Responsive hydrogels serve as controllable on-chip fluid reservoirs that drive the operation of paper-based microfluidic devices.
EPR spectroscopy identifies Met and Lys residues that are essential for the interaction between the CusB N-terminal domain and metallochaperone CusF
Authors: Meir Aviv , Natan Adi , Moskovitz Yoni , Ruthstein Sharon
Published: April 2015

Copper plays a key role in all living organisms by serving as a cofactor for a large variety of proteins and enzymes involved in electron transfer, oxidase and oxygenase activities, and the detoxification of oxygen radicals. Due to its toxicity, a conserved homeostasis mechanism is required. In E. coli, the CusCFBA efflux system is a copper-regulating system and is responsible for transferring Cu(i) and Ag(i) out of the periplasm domain into the extracellular domain. Two of the components of this efflux system, the CusF metallochaperone and the N-terminal domain of CusB, have been thought to play significant roles in the function of this efflux system. Resolving the metal ion transport mechanism through this efflux system is vital for understanding metal- and multidrug-resistant microorganisms. This work explores one aspect of the E. coli resistance mechanism by observing the interaction between the N-terminal domain of CusB and the CusF protein, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and chemical cross-linking. The data summarized here show that M36 and M38 of CusB are important residues for both the Cu(i) coordination to the CusB N-terminal domain and the interaction with CusF, and K32 is essential for the interaction with CusF. In contrast, the K29 residue is less consequential for the interaction with CusF, whereas M21 is mostly important for the proper interaction with CusF.
Hydroxyethylene isosteres introduced in type II collagen fragments substantially alter the structure and dynamics of class II MHC Aq/glycopeptide complexes
Authors: Lindgren Cecilia , Andersson Ida E. , Berg Lotta , Dobritzsch Doreen , Ge Changrong , Haag Sabrina , Uciechowska Urszula , Holmdahl Rikard , Kihlberg Jan , Linusson Anna
Published: April 2015

Introduction of hydroxyethylene isosteres into glycopeptides led to loss of Aq affinity and subsequent T cell response due to disruption of hydrogen bond networks.
Performance evaluation of novel PVDF–Cloisite 15A hollow fiber composite membranes for treatment of effluents containing dyes and salts using membrane distillation
Authors: Mokhtar N. M. , Lau W. J. , Ismail A. F. , Youravong W. , Khongnakorn W. , Lertwittayanon K.
Published: April 2015

Performances of a novel PVDF–Cloisite 15A hollow fiber composite membrane in treating a dyeing solution containing 50 ppm AR1 and 0.1–1.0 M NaCl.
Development of ionic liquid based electromembrane extraction and its application to the enrichment of acidic compounds in pig kidney tissues
Authors: Sun Jian-Nan , Shi Yan-Ping , Chen Juan
Published: April 2015

An ionic liquid based electromembrane extraction (IL-EME) method, in which electrokinetic migration served as the main driving force, was developed for the determination of acidic compounds for the first time.
Creation of hollow microtubular iron oxalate dihydrate induced by a metallo-supramolecular micelle based on the self-assembly of potassium ferrioxalate and sodium dodecyl sulphate
Authors: Teng Yue , Song Le Xin , Liu Wei , Xia Juan , Zhao Li , Wang Qing Shan , Ruan Mao Mao
Published: April 2015

A novel metallo-supramolecular micelle PF–SDS–SM was formed at room temperature through the self-assembly of potassium ferrioxalate and sodium dodecyl sulphate.
Synthesis of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly[3-(triisopropyloxysilyl) propyl methacrylate] and its use in the facile coating of hydrophilically patterned superhydrophobic fabrics
Authors: Rabnawaz Muhammad , Wang Zijie , Wang Yu , Wyman Ian , Hu Heng , Liu Guojun
Published: April 2015

We report the synthesis and applications of a novel poly(dimethylsiloxane-block-poly[3-(triisopropyloxysilyl)propyl methacrylate]) (PDMS-b-PIPSMA) diblock copolymer.
Cadmium selenide quantum dots solar cells featuring nickel sulfide/polyaniline as efficient counter electrode provide 4.15% efficiency
Authors: Yue Gentian , Tan Furui , Wu Jihuai , Li Fumin , Lin Jianming , Huang Miaoliang , Zhang Weifeng
Published: April 2015

Much higher photovoltaic performance of QDSSC with CdSe QDs and NiS/PANI counter electrode.
DNA reusability and optoelectronic characteristics of streptavidin-conjugated DNA crystals on a quartz substrate
Authors: Gnapareddy Bramaramba , Ha Taewoo , Dugasani Sreekantha Reddy , Kim Jang Ah , Kim Byeonghoon , Kim Taesung , Kim Jae Hoon , Park Sung Ha
Published: April 2015

We introduced reusability process to fabricate the DNA crystals and studied the optical band gap of them.
Gold nanorod encapsulated bubbles
Authors: Tomak A. , Zareie H. M.
Published: April 2015

A simple method is described for synthesizing gold nanorods (GNRs) encapsulated bubbles in a controlled manner.
Sustainable synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine using an immobilized β-galactosidase on a tailor made porous polymer
Authors: Aires-Trapote Antonio , Tamayo Aitana , Rubio Juan , Rumbero Angel , Hernáiz María J.
Published: April 2015

An efficient enzymatic synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine has been developed in biosolvents, mediated by the action of an immobilized β-galactosidase on a tailor made porous polymer.
Solvent-free ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and electrical properties of polycaprolactone blended BiFeO3nanocomposites
Authors: Saravanamoorthy Somasundaram , Muneeswaran Muniyandi , Giridharan NambiVenkatesan , Velmathi Sivan
Published: April 2015

A novel two-phase polymer nanocomposite comprising polycaprolactone (PCL) and nanocrystalline multiferroic BiFeO3(BFO NPs) has been fabricated by a simple casting technique.
Molecular dynamics investigation on the deliquescence of NH4Cl and NH4NO3nanoparticles under atmospheric conditions
Authors: Akbarzadeh Hamed , Shamkhali Amir Nasser , Abbaspour Mohsen , Salemi Sirous
Published: April 2015

In this study, the deliquescence of NH4Cl and NH4NO3nanoparticles under atmospheric conditions was modeled by molecular dynamics simulation in order to investigate the effects of nanoparticle size and temperature on their deliquescence process.
Facile sonochemical synthesis of near spherical barium zirconate titanate (BaZr1−yTiyO3; BZT); perovskite stability and formation mechanism
Authors: Wirunchit Supamas , Charoonsuk Thitirat , Vittayakorn Naratip
Published: April 2015

The multicationic oxides of perovskite Ba(Zr,Ti)O3were synthesized successfully by the sonochemical method without a calcination step.
Preparation and characterization of a novel superabsorbent of konjac glucomannan-poly(acrylic acid) with trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate cross-linker
Authors: Chen Jianfu , Zhang Weiying , Li Xiao
Published: April 2015

A novel superabsorbent was prepared by the solution polymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid onto konjac glucomannan using potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent.
Mechanistic study of the hydrolytic degradation and protonation of temozolomide
Authors: Mirzaei Saber , Khalilian M. H. , Taherpour Avat Arman
Published: April 2015

Two pathways for the degradation of the anticancer agent, temozolomide, were investigated, in which the most energy-favoured mechanism was a combination of the two possible pathways.
Rigid Jeffamine-included polyrotaxane as hydrogen-bond template for salicylideneazine with aggregation-enhanced emission
Authors: Huang Po-Chiao , Lin Li-Yang , Yang Deng-Jie , Hong Jin-Long
Published: April 2015

A Jeffamine-included polyrotaxane (JCD) was used as rigid template to impose effective rotational restriction on the AIE-active luminogen of 1,2-bis(2,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)hydrazine (CN4OH).
Synthesis and characterization of self-assembled three-dimensional flower-like iron(iii) oxide–indium(iii) oxide binary nanocomposites
Authors: Li Zongqi , Fei Hua-Feng , Tan Yongxia , Zhang Xuezhong , Xie Zemin , Zhang Zhijie
Published: April 2015

Three-dimensional flower-like iron(iii) oxide–indium(iii) oxide binary metal oxide nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by a simple and economical route; and it can be used as fillers to significantly enhance the thermal resistance of silicone rubber under nitrogen.
The suppression and promotion of DNA charge inversion by mixing counterions
Authors: Qiu Shixue , Wang Yanwei , Cao Bozhi , Guo Zilong , Chen Yang , Yang Guangcan
Published: April 2015

In the preset study, we report the suppression and promotion of DNA charge inversion by mixing a quadrivalent counterion (spermine) with mono-, di- and trivalent counterions by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and single molecule electrophoresis (SME) methods.
Synthesis, structure and tunable shape memory properties of polytriazoles: dual-trigger temperature and repeatable shape recovery
Authors: Ragin Ramdas M. , Santhosh Kumar K. S. , Reghunadhan Nair C. P.
Published: April 2015

Click assisted synthesis resulted in low, high and dual trigger temperature shape memory polymers. They exhibit high shape recovery and repeatability in shape memory properties.
The oxygen reduction reaction on Pt(111) and Pt(100) surfaces substituted by subsurface Cu: a theoretical perspective
Authors: Li Kai , Li Yang , Wang Ying , He Feng , Jiao Menggai , Tang Hao , Wu Zhijian
Published: April 2015

The ORR reaction activity is improved on Pt/Cu(111) and hindered on Pt/Cu(100), compared with pure Pt(111) and Pt(100).
Ultrahigh hydrogen storage capacity of novel porous aromatic frameworks
Authors: Wu Xuanjun , Wang Rui , Yang Hongjun , Wang Wenxuan , Cai Weiquan , Li Qingzhong
Published: April 2015

We proposed four novel PAF materials with extremely low density and unprecedented high free volume ratio, which were predicted to possess ultrahigh gravimetric hydrogen uptake reaching the DOE 2015 gravimetric targets at room temperature based on GCMC simulation calculations.