bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypical and genotypical assessment of resistance of carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains
Authors: Samoilova A. , Kraeva L. , Likhachev I. , Rogacheva E. , Mikhailov N. , Egorova S. , Shiling E.
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The emergence and global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes, such as genes for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, poses a significant threat to public health. The reason for this is that carbapenems are the latest therapeutic agent used to treat diseases caused by multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria. The detection of carbapenemases is epidemiologically important because ESBL-genes are plasmid-mediated and can be transmitted horizontally among different bacterial species. The aim of this research was to assess the spectrum of antibiotic resistance of carbapenemase-producing strains of K. pneumoniae circulating in hospitals in St. Petersburg using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Materials and methods. The susceptibility of K. pneumoniae strains (n=182), isolated from samples from patients admitted to hospitals in St. Petersburg in the period from 2016 to 2018, was assessed with 16 antimicrobials. Resistance to antibiotics was assessed by the gradient diffusion method. Carbapenemase genes were detected by molecular (PCR) and phenotypic (CIM) methods. Results. Most of the strains demonstrated a high percentage of resistance to ticarcillin/clavulanate (96.7%), quinolones (nalidixic acid (91.8%), norfloxacin (91.2%), ciprofloxacin (90.1%), ofloxacin (89%)), III and IV generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime (92.9%), ceftazidime (88.5%), cefoperazone (87.9%), ceftriaxone (86.8%), cefepime (91.2%)), netilmicin (83.5%) and gentamicin (80.2%). The investigated strains showed moderate resistance to amikacin (74.2%), meropenem (72.5%) and imepenem (65.9%). The main type of carbapenemases produced by the studied isolates of K. pneumoniae were NDM metallo-beta-lactamases (60.4%) and OXA-48 serine carbapenemases (49.5 %). KPC carbapenemases were found in only 1.1% of the strains. Discussion. The results of the study demonstrate a high resistance level of K. pneumoniae nosocomial isolates to various antibiotics. Therefore, the range of antimicrobials for treatment of Klebsiella infections is significantly reduced, which can lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of clinical therapy. Acknowledgments. The study had no sponsorship. Conflict of interest. The authors declare no apparent or potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.
Analysis of the resistance of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli to antimicrobial agents in single-centre study
Authors: Tsуrkunova Zh. , Emelyanova A. , Gudkova E. , Skorokhod G. , Gavrilova I. , Butkevich V. , Dolgina Yu. , Vashkevich M. , Shepelevich N.
Published: August 2022

The aim of this research is to assess the phenotypic resistance to antimicrobial agents of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from patients undergoing treatment in various departments of the oncological clinic in Minsk. In this work, 34 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were studied. Species identification and determination of sensitivity to antibiotics was performed on a Vitek2Compact analyzer (BioMerieux). The resistance / sensitivity of clinical bacterial isolates to antiseptics was determined by the agar dilution method. The profiles of phenotypic resistance / sensitivity of 34 clinical E. coli isolates to 15 antibiotics and 8 antiseptics were determined. Based on the results of a comparative analysis, 5 bacterial isolates were assigned to one sensitivity profile. 80-100% of the studied bacterial isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin. 26-42% of the E. coli isolates showed resistance to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Multiple resistance (to 4 antibiotics or more) was characteristic for 35.3% of the studied isolates of microorganisms. One strain of E. coli isolate was resistant to 11 studied antibiotics. Analysis of the resistance of clinical E. coli isolates to antiseptics showed that iodinol, iodiskin, septomyrin were ineffective in inhibiting bacterial growth on an agar plate. A high level of antimicrobial activity against E. coli was found in the antiseptic agents chlorhexidine bigluconate and hydrogen peroxide. High efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, gentamicin, fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin and low efficacy of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin against clinical isolates of E. coli circulating in the oncological clinic of Minsk was revealed. A phenotypic resistance of E. coli to pharmaceutical forms of antiseptics iodinol, iodiskin and septomyrin was established.
Modern approaches to understanding immunopathogenesis of scleroderma (review)
Authors: Piven N. , Piven E.
Published: August 2022

The review presents the main immunopathogenetic characteristics of different cleroderma forms. The results of the research of local innate immunity were presented. The evidence that micro-RNA levels may be important biomarkers of the severity of sclerosis was demonstrated. The most important autoantibodies were assessed. The immunologic differences between children and adults were explained. The different predisposing factors to oncopathology in scleroderma patients were discussed.
Specific and non-specific perioperative drug reactions
Authors: Ishchenko O.
Published: August 2022

Perioperative hypersensitivity reactions pose a complex clinical problem. The combination of surgical intervention, the simultaneous action of several drugs, including anesthesia, and comorbidity of the patient complicates the assessment of perioperative urgent events. To date, there are no clear international and national recommendations on standardized preoperative examinations of patients to prevent drug allergies. The article presents modern data on the mechanisms of causes and the possibility of preventing perioperative allergic reactions.
Titanium dioxide effect on bacteriolytic activity and intrinsic fluorescence of lysozyme
Authors: Aliakhnovich N. , Skorobogatova A. , Gancharova A.
Published: August 2022

The effect of the white pigment titanium dioxide (TiO2) on the protein enzyme, the bacteriolytic component of the innate immune system, lysozyme, was evaluated. The effects of TiO2 in the form of nanoparticles, microparticles and particles used in the food industry at concentrations of 0.001-0.0001 mg/ml, corresponding to the calculated average daily intake and 10-fold dilution, were studied. It was found that a lower concentration of TiO2 (0.0001 mg/ml) of all particles types acts more efficiently, significantly reducing after 30 minutes, and completely blocking the own fluorescence of recombinant lysozyme after 60 minutes. TiO2 particles of three types at a higher concentration (0.001 mg/ml) completely block the intrinsic fluorescence of recombinant lysozyme after 60 minutes. After 30 minutes only microparticles cause a decrease in the intrinsic protein fluorescence. The inhibition of the bacteriolytic activity of recombinant lysozyme against the culture of K. pneumoniae under the action of nanoparticles, microparticles and particles of food TiO2 at concentrations of 0.001-0.0001 mg/ml was revealed.
Non-angioedema-related macroglossia: case report
Authors: Sobolenko T. , Ishchenko O. , Zakharov O. , Laporevich V.
Published: August 2022

Acute macroglossia not associated with angioedema is a rare condition. We present a case of acute unilateral macroglossia of unclear etiology in a 46-year-old man. Tongue enlargement was accompanied by difficulty in talking, but did not result in upper airway obstruction. Angioedema of the tongue was excluded. The symptoms disappeared within one month. Cervical radiculopathy and COVID-19 infection are considered as probable causes of macroglossia.
Extrarenal manifestations of systemic vasculitis in children
Authors: Kozyro I.
Published: August 2022

The observation data of 22 children with systemic vasculitis (SV) and morphologically verified nephritis is presented. Emphasis was put on extrarenal manifestations of SV in childhood, analysis of clinical, laboratory, immunological, morphological changes and factors influencing on the course and prognosis. It has been established that SV often manifests with general non-specific constitutional symptoms, involvement of the ENT and organs of vision, is characterized by multiple organ and generalized lesions, in 77% of cases in children is associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). The presence of antibodies to myeloperoxidase (MPO) is noted in most patients with lesions of the skin, joints, lungs, and nervous system and is associated with an unfavorable renal prognosis. ENT and organs of vision, gastrointestinal tract involvement is equally often observed in both MPO and PR3 antibody positive.
Ist eine Kulturpolitik der Nachhaltigkeit möglich?
Authors: Lange Bastian
Published: August 2022

Im März 2022 richtet das Haus der Kulturstaatsministerin ein Referat „Kultur und Nachhaltigkeit“ ein. Mit fünf Millionen Euro Etat ausgestattet, soll es einen Green Culture Desk als zentrale Anlaufstelle einrichten und ausbauen. Kann dieses Vorhaben die ökologische und nachhaltige Transformation des Kultur- und Medienbetriebs entscheidend voranbringen?
Transformatives Arbeiten in Deutschland
Authors: Grenzdörffer Sinje
Published: August 2022

In unseren gegenwärtigen Wirtschaftsstrukturen spielt bezahlte Arbeit eine zentrale Rolle. Eine deutschlandweite Umfrage zeigt jedoch, dass Arbeitsstrukturen nicht in Stein gemeißelt sind: Menschen können ihre Rolle als Arbeitende nutzen, um Strukturen zu verändern. Eine Einladung, sich die Vielfalt von Transformativ Arbeitenden Unternehmungen einmal genauer anzuschauen.
Anpassung an die Folgen des Klimawandels in Gewerbegebieten
Authors: Verbücheln Maic , Böhnke Robert , Raffer Christian , Bartolović Vera
Published: August 2022

Bestandsgewerbegebiete müssen an die Folgen des Klimawandels angepasst werden, um zukunftsfähig zu bleiben. Maßnahmen der Klimawandelanpassung bringen Vorteile für Unternehmen und Kommunen gleichermaßen. Hierzu wurde ein neues Kosten-Nutzen-Tool zur ökonomischen Bewertung von Anpassungsmaßnahmen entwickelt und ein Beratungsprozess in drei Bestandsgewerbegebieten gestestet.
Response of broiler chickens to substitution of vitamin-mineral premix with Carica papaya seed meal
Authors: Olumide M. D. , Akintunde A. O. , Kolu P.
Published: August 2022

The study investigated the physiological response of broiler chickens to substitution of commer-cial vitamin-mineral premix with Carica papaya seed meal (CPS). Two hundred and twenty four (224) mixed sexes Abor – acre day old chicks were subjected to trial for 6 weeks. Data were collected on performance, haematology, serum biochemistry, serum electrolytes and organ morphology. The birds were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments: T1: control with commercial vitamin-mineral-premix (VMP) at 0.3% only, T2, 0.05% CPS + 0.25 VMP, T3 0.20 VMP + 0.1 CPS, T4 0.15 VMP + 0.15 CPS, T5 0.10 VMP + 0.2 CPS, T6 0.05 VMP + 0.25 CPS and T7 0.3 CPS. Treatments composed of 4 replica-tions with 8 birds per replicate. Results indicated that significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in all the treatments for WG, FCR and FI. Birds fed with 0.3% of CPS had the best FCR. At the starter phase, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the haematology of the birds, however, the values obtained for hemoglobin, white blood cell and eosinophils were not significantly different (p>0.05) while at the finisher phase, the inclusion of Carica papaya seed meal significantly influenced (p<0.05) the values of haematology, the values were however higher (p<0.05) at higher levels of inclu-sion except for white blood cells (WBC) and platelets counts that the control group had significantly higher (p<0.05) values. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in serum biochemistry parameters at the starter phase except for alanine transaminase (ALT) with significantly higher (p<0.05) value at the control but significantly affected (p<0.05) all the serum biochemical parameters at the finisher phase. Birds fed CPS had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for glucose, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL). However, birds fed 0.20% CPS had significant highest (p<0.05) values for ALT, Alanine phosphatase (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL). CPS sig-nificantly influenced (p<0.05) serum electrolytes. Birds in 0.05 and 0.10% CPS inclusion groups had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for sodium, chloride and bicarbonate ions when compared to the control. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) for kidney, liver and spleen. The use of CPS did not impair nutrient utilization neither does it have any adverse effect on the health status of the broiler chickens, hence the use of CPS may be considered as substitute for vitamin-mineral premix in broiler chickens nutrition.
El campus de la Universidad del Valle: un laboratorio de diseño del paisaje moderno en Colombia
Authors: Iglesias-García Verónica
Published: August 2022

Lyda Caldas fue pionera, desde mediados de la década de 1950, en la enseñanza y la práctica profesional del diseño del paisaje en Colombia. El diseño de paisaje realizado para el campus Meléndez, de la Universidad del Valle, en Cali, Colombia (1966-1968), es su obra más destacada, tanto por la extensión del proyecto como por la posibilidad que tuvo de llevar a cabo su visión de la disciplina. Se hicieron una caracterización y una valoración de las estrategias de diseño en el campus, mediante una investigación de tipo cualitativo; también, mediante un proceso metodológico que incluyó la recopilación de información planimétrica, fotográfica, testimonial y documental asociada a los diseños originales. El proyecto del campus Meléndez muestra la influencia de los aportes conceptuales y disciplinares del diseño moderno del paisaje, expresados por Trieb (1992), así como el desarrollo de un lenguaje propio, derivado de una adecuación a las condiciones naturales y culturales del sitio.
Arts-Based Service Learning: A Vehicle for Development and Sustainability of Communities
Authors: Moura Anabela , Moreira Raquel
Published: August 2022

Through this qualitative study we intend to show how an Arts-Based Service-Learning Program was implemented with Fine Arts Students, in a Higher School of Education of a Portuguese Polytechnic Institution, Portugal, in collaboration with some local communities and how this Program helped to understand such pedagogical tool as a way of integrating arts-based service in the community with learning that enriches the participants' experience, strengthening community relationships, bringing about change in their environments and presenting the students and community views on the approval and involvement of a sustainable program. We also try to point out the importance of the involvement and collaboration of an art gallery in this process, presenting a brief description of one student’s project as an example of a pedagogical resource of our service-learning practices.
Workplace Bullying in U.S. Higher Education: Results from a Statewide Survey
Authors: Lemon Kathy , Barnes Kendra , Soumyaja Devi
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine prevalence, characteristics and sociodemographic correlates of workplace bullying among tenure-track faculty at U.S. Higher Education Institutions. A sample of 930 faculty from 20 campuses in California completed an online survey that included the Negative Acts Questionnaire – revised.  Findings indicated a high prevalence of self-labeled workplace bullying (43.6% now and then/rarely, and 8.4% daily/weekly). Bullying behaviors that ostracized and excluded the target were the most commonly reported types of abusive conduct. Work sabotage, high workloads, and spreading gossip were also reported at high rates. Female professors, people who were between the ages of 50-69, Native American/Other race/ethnicity, and those who were full professors with tenure had the highest prevalence rates. Being a target of workplace bullying tended to be a long-standing experience (44.4% had been experiencing the abuse for six or more years) and 49.7% of targets were bothered ‘a great deal’ by the bullying. Most respondents (82.8%) indicated that the Covid-19 shutdowns had no effect or decreased the bullying and 69.0% were not sure whether their campus had an anti-bullying policy. Implications for updated workplace policies that incorporate current research on abusive conduct are discussed, as well as the need for improvements in organizational cultures and leadership practices.
Umgang mit Heterogenität im (Fremdsprachen-)Unterricht – Rahmenbedingungen im polnischen Bildungssystem
Authors: Jaroszewska Anna
Published: August 2022

The aim of the article is to discuss the main Polish educational legislation aimed at promoting diversity and individualization in the the process of schooling. The focus is on dealing with heterogeneity, which has become frequent in Polish schools and kindergartens. This includes various aspects concerning differentiation in children and young people, such as individual developmentental characteristics, gender, socio-cultural environment, special educational needs or giftedness. Heterogeneity requires individualization of the educational process, which also applies to the teaching of foreign languages. This poses a challenge for many teachers, including foreign language teachers. In many respects Polish legislation regulates how to deal with heterogeneity and individualization in the educational context.
Methodological proposal for constructing a classifier algorithm in clinical diagnostics of diseases using Bayesian methods
Authors: Tovar Cuevas José Rafael , Méndez Alzate Andrés Camilo , Caicedo Borrero Diana María , Díaz Mutis Juan David , Suárez Mensa Lizeth Fernanda , Osorio Amaya Lyda Elena
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To develop a methodological proposal to build clinical classifiers using information about signs and symptoms reported by the patient in initial the consultation and laboratory test results.

Methods

The proposed methodology considers procedures typical of the Bayesian paradigm of statistics as predictive probabilities and the sequential use of the Bayes formula. Additionally, some procedures belonging to classical statistics, such as Youden’s index and ROC curves, are applied. The method assumes two possible scenarios; when the patient only reports the signs and symptoms and the physician does not have access to information from laboratory tests. The other one is when the physician, besides the patient’s information, knows the blood test results. The method is illustrated using data from patients diagnosed with dengue.

Results

The performance of the proposed method depends of the set of signs and symptoms and the laboratory tests considered by the doctor as good indicators of presence of the sick in the individual.

Conclusions

The classifier can be used as a screening tool in scenarios where there is no extensive experience treating sick individuals, or economic and social conditions do not allow laboratory methods or gold standard procedures to complete the diagnosis.
The relationship between perception and assimilation of audio information depending on the methods of fixing writing in the era of digitalization
Authors:   Russian Combined Arms Academy, Eliseeva Alena Vitalevna , Strelchuk Elena Nikolaevna ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Published: August 2022

Introduction. The article explores a significant problem of the relationship between writing and listening depending on the methods of symbolic text fixation in the digital age. The purpose of the study is to identify differences in the perception and assimilation of audio information, which is fixed in two different ways: by hand and typing on the keyboard of a computer (tablet). Materials and Methods. The experimental study was conducted at the combined arms Academy in the «Standards of Speech" classroom using a specially developed author's inventory. The study sample consisted of 1st and 2nd year master’s students (n = 50) aged between 25 and 40 years, divided into two equal groups of 25 people. The first subgroup included those who chose to fix the text by hand, whereas the second subgroup included participants who chose to fix the text on a computer. The experiment consisted of two parts: it was necessary to record the auditable text in writing (by hand or on a computer) and answer questions after its perception. The total time was 90 minutes. The reliability of the data obtained was verified using the Student's t-test calculation method for two independent samples. Results. In the course of the study, it was determined that for fixing the audited text, listeners (if desired) use two different methods: note-taking and computer shorthand. Analysis of the results of sign-symbolic fixation of the audited text showed significant differences in the structural organization of the written text. It was revealed that, in contrast to computer shorthand, the use of taking notes significantly increases the efficiency of assimilation of educational material. Conclusions. The article concludes that methods of sign-symbolic fixation of a written text in different ways affect the perception of audio information and its further assimilation, which in turn has a significant impact on the development of thinking and memory.
Romano Màdera y el análisis biográfico con enfoque filosófico
Authors: Juliao Vargas Carlos Germán
Published: August 2022

Este artículo de reflexión presenta el análisis biográfico con enfoque filosófico propuesto por Romano Màdera a principios de la década del 2000. Para presentarlo, dado que Màdera se mueve en las fronteras entre la herencia de la psicología profunda (analítica) y el intento por renovar las prácticas filosóficas de los primeros filósofos (ejercicios espirituales), se parte de la “mitobiografía” de su fundador. Este enfoque maderiano combina psicología y filosofía, para desarrollar una conciencia personal que ayude a sobrellevar los malestares existenciales. ¿Cómo? Tratando de responder a las grandes preguntas sobre el sentido de la vida.
Effect of biochar on methane production and structural characteristics in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of rape straw
Authors: Xin Ya , Liu Wenyuan , Chen Chunbao , Wang Dianlong
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of rape straw with biochar addition. The effects of biochar on the biogas yield, degradation of lignocellulose, bacterial community, and crystallinity were explored. The results showed that the biogas yield and methane content increased as the biochar concentration was increased. The biochar concentration of 5.0% resulted in a high biogas yield in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion at 142.2 mL/g and 193.5 mL/g, respectively, which were 40.5% and 21.0% improvements compared with the control. The corresponding methane contents were 59.4% and 57.0%, respectively. For the lignocellulose degradation, the cellulose content in the mesophilic AD decreased from 54.0% in the pretreated rape straw to between 18.7% and 25.0%. The microbial community results showed that as the biochar concentration was increased, the relative abundance of Firmicutes initially increased before it decreased. Among the microbial community results, the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroides in the biogas residue of the mesophilic anaerobic digestion were the highest in the biogas residue with the 5.0% biochar concentration sample in the mesophilic AD, at 27.06% and 39.20%, respectively. This result revealed the mechanism of biochar to improve the biogas production of rape straw in anaerobic fermentation.
Using wollastonite nanomaterials in gypsum-wood composites
Authors: Hassanpoor Tichi Ali , Gholamiyan Hadi
Published: August 2022

In this study, the effect of wollastonite on mechanical, physical, and morphological properties of composites made of sesame stem (Sesamum indicum L.) and gypsum was investigated. The mixing ratio of sesame stem as a lignocellulosic material with gypsum at three levels (10:90, 20:80, and 30:70) and wollastonite at three levels (0%, 5%, and 10%, based on dry weight of cement) were considered as the variables. Fire resistance (weight loss) was tested according to ISO 11925-3 and DIN EN 634-1 and two specifications for the mechanical and physical properties. Microstructural properties of composites were evaluated by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging. The results showed that boards containing wollastonite increased the physical and mechanical properties compared with gypsum board without wollastonite. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bonding of the boards decreased with increased sesame stem content, and its maximum value was obtained when using 10% sesame stem. The addition of 10% wollastonite is recommended to significantly improve the fire retardancy of the boards. The results from SEM images showed that the wollastonite can fill in the gaps inside the boards and create a solid structure.
A Conjecture Congenetic with Fermat’s Last Theorem
Authors: Duan Jun-Sheng , Wang Ji-Lian
Published: August 2022

We propose the conjecture that for any positive integers r and n with n > 2, there do not exist 2r + 1 consecutive positive integers in natural order such that the sum of n-th powers of the first r + 1 integers equals the sum of n-th powers of the subsequent r integers, i.e., there are no positive integers r, m and n, where r < m and n > 2, satisfying (m – r)n + (m – r + 1)n + … + mn = (m + 1)n + (m + 2)n + … + (m + r)n. We prove that the conjecture is true for the cases n = 3 and n = 4. We also verified by using Mathematica that the conjecture is true for the cases 3 < n < 10 and m < 5000.
Gear Up for Fall: Coding for Immunization Against Respiratory Viral Illnesses
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: August 2022

This article guides readers through

Selecting the correct vaccine product and administration codes Determining whether an evaluation and management (E/M) service should be separately reported
La praecisio mundi. La medición de la ciencia y el recorte de la universidad como proyecto cultural
Authors: Gómez Yuri Jack
Published: August 2022

Este ensayo plantea una cuestión filosófica perseguida como investigación histórica que desemboca en una explicación sociológica en torno a la medición de la ciencia. Medir, etimológicamente relacionado con una praecisio (un recorte, una mutilación) adquiere su sentido más profundo en una era postontológica para describir las implicaciones culturales de un mundo privado de metafísica. Basado en un relato sucinto del surgimiento del pensamiento bibliométrico enmarcado por el debate historiográfico de principios del siglo XX entre historiadores seriales e historiadores del evento (histoire événementielle), este ensayo une tanto el significado postontológico como la evidencia histórica en un análisis sociológico de la ciencia y políticas tecnológicas en la Colombia del cambio de siglo que conlleva una transformaciónradical de la universidad como institución social, del estatus del conocimiento en la sociedad contemporánea y de la identidad de nosotros los académicos que habitamos ese espacio.
Ideas y Valores. Antecedentes, comienzos y tropiezos
Authors: Serrano Escallón Gonzalo
Published: August 2022

Luego de registrar la fundación del Instituto de Filosofía (1945) y el surgimiento de la Revista Universidad Nacional de Cultura Moderna (1944) como antecedentes próximos de Ideas y Valores se muestra que su inicio (1951) se nutre de ellos, y a la vez corre con el mismo destino: ser el blanco de persecución política por parte la restauración conservadora. En medio de los tropiezos que esto trae para la revista se valora la significación del órgano que intenta sustituirla, Studium (1957-1960), cuya desaparición finalmente dará curso al resurgimiento de Ideas y Valores (1963) tras ocho años de ausencia (1955-1962). También se destaca cómo está comprometida la figura de Cayetano Betancur tanto en los inicios como en su recomienzo en la tercera época de la revista.
Cayetano Betancur, filósofo conservador
Authors: Granados Ana María , Pineda Sebastián
Published: August 2022

Este artículo examina de qué forma se refleja el conservatismo de Cayetano Betancur en su filosofía política. El primer capítulo recoge dos acepciones del término conservador que abarcan, a grandes rasgos, las dos principales tendencias del conservatismo político. El segundo capítulo está dedicado a examinar cómo cada una de estas dos acepciones (que llamamos negativa y positiva) se reflejan en la obra de Betancur. Como conclusión, se hace referencia a los posibles rumbos hacia los que una investigación más exhaustiva del conservatismo político en Betancur podría encaminar.
Participación de mujeres en la historia de Ideas y Valores
Authors: Rivera Sanín María Lucía , Acevedo Zapata Diana María
Published: August 2022

Este es un estudio descriptivo sobre la participación de las mujeres en los 70 años de la revista Ideas y Valores. Describimos la progresión histórica de la proporción de género en la publicación de textos, el comportamiento de las autoras según los tipos de textos de su autoría y el impacto de la indexación de la revista en la proporción de género. Caracterizamos a las autoras según tipos de textos, país de afiliación institucional y temas, y describimos su participación como autoras referidas en reseñas, traducciones y diálogos. Finalmente, ofrecemos una bibliografía completa de las autoras en Ideas y Valores.
Historia y normatividad. El problema de su articulación en el Neokantismo de Baden
Authors: Páez Bonifaci Jacinto
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo intenta ofrecer una interpretación general de la filosofía de la historia en el neokantismo de Baden. La interpretación tradicional afirma que la filosofía de la historia neokantiana es una variante de la llamada filosofía crítica de la historia y que el interés de los neokantianos por la historia se origina en las polémicas decimonónicas en torno al método de las humanidades. Nuestra tesis, por el contrario, es que tal filosofía tiene su origen en problemas internos a la formulación de una filosofía transcendental, específicamente, en el problema de trazar un puente entre la esfera transcendental y la esfera concreta.
Metáforas conceptuales en la filosofía académica panameña
Authors: Vásquez Barba Fernando Eliécer
Published: August 2022

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal examinar y determinar las consecuencias de las metáforas contenidas en las obras de Diego Domínguez Caballero, fundador de la filosofía académica panameña. Tales metáforas se convirtieron en fundamentales para el desarrollo discursivo de la filosofía panameña, y también para las ciencias sociales en Panamá, como la historia y la sociología. Con este fin, recurriremos a la teoría de las metáforas conceptuales desarrollada por Lakoff y otros como una herramienta de ayuda para analizar tales metáforas. Del mismo modo, intentamos dar cuenta de la larga incidencia discursiva de dichas metáforas a la luz de los resultados de la investigación psicológica sobre el esencialismo.
Correa-Motta, Alfonso. “La inmoralidad de los pirrónicos”. Estudios de Filosofía 60 (2019): 63-83.
Authors: Carreño Sofía
Published: August 2022

El texto de Correa-Motta explica la objeción de inmoralidad propuesta por Aristocles (cf. Aristocles en Eusebio Praep. ev. 14.18.18) hacia los pirrónicos, y evalúa la manera en que Sexto la refuta en los Esbozos Pirrónicos (ph). En este texto, propondré que la solución propuesta por Correa-Motta se puede extrapolar a una versión contemporánea de la objeción.
Los ecos de la violencia. La genealogía arendtiana de violencia como desingularización
Authors: Varela Manograsso Agustina
Published: August 2022

Este artículo reconstruye la genealogía arendtiana de las formas extremas de la violencia, tomando como hilo conductor los procesos de desingularización con un doble propósito: por un lado, analizar las (dis)continuidades históricas de dicha genealogía que trasciende la dimensión físico-instrumental de la violencia y entra conexión con la (des)configuración de la identidad personal; por otro lado, reivindicar la vigencia de la obra de Hannah Arendt para explorar los ecos presentes de esa violencia, sin perder de vista su especificad actual.
¿Anticipación contrafáctica o reconstrucción histórica del canon normativo? Tránsitos en la Teoría Crítica de Axel Honneth
Authors: Ortega-Esquembre César
Published: August 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la reformulación de los criterios normativos de la Teoría Crítica realizada por Axel Honneth. Para ello se defiende que el proyecto de Honneth ha sufrido un giro desde sus primeros textos, donde operaba con lo que llamaremos “anticipación contrafáctica de la sociedad emancipada”, hasta la actualidad, que utiliza la estrategia llamada “reconstrucción normativa”. Para probar esta tesis expondremos primero el problema de la fundamentación normativa tal y como aparece en la Teoría Crítica. Tras ello reconstruiremos el primer modelo de fundamentación normativa empleado por Honneth, para terminar localizando y explicando el tránsito hacia el segundo modelo.
Entre la superficie y el adentro. Por una ontología fenomenológica de la piel enfocada en el daño y la reparación
Authors: Jaramillo Fernández Hernán Alonso
Published: August 2022

Este artículo propone la piel como un concepto ontológico y fenomenológico indis-pensable para comprender el daño y repensar la dimensión sensible de la reparación. El trabajo tiene cuatro secciones. En primer lugar, introduce la relevancia de la fenomenología para estudiar el daño. En segundo lugar, formula una ontología feno-menológica de la piel a la luz de dos componentes: la heteroafección y la autoafección. En tercer lugar, aplica la ontología de la piel a la violencia. Finalmente, en cuarto lugar, concluye con una conceptualización fenomenológica del daño que permite repensar la reparación como un proceso relativo a la vida sensible.
Entrevista con el filósofo Peter Singer. Lo mejor que puedes hacer
Authors: Santamaría Freddy
Published: August 2022

Esta entrevista se realizó el 12 de marzo de 2019 en Melbourne University (Australia). El encuentro académico con el profesor Peter Singer fue posible gracias a la pasantía investigativa 2018-2019 que realicé en Australian Catholic University (ACU). Quiero agradecer a los profesores Antonio Dávila, José Olimpo Suárez, Gabriel Arango, Dora Alejandra Ramírez, Porfirio Cardona y Simón Ruiz por la sugerencia y ampliación de preguntas al filósofo australiano. Quiero agradecer también al profesor Allan David Rodríguez por la revisión y ajustes finales a la traducción.
Rheological models applied to wheat and corn dough
Authors: Rodríguez Sandoval Eduardo , Fernández Quintero Alejandro , Ayala Aponte Alfredo
Published: August 2022

Rheological models of a food system are useful for simulating a material’s response to an applied stress or strain and for predicting the effect of composition and processing conditions. Rheological models can be applied when experimental data is expressed in fundamental units. This article describes two rheological models used for studying wheat and corn dough: the biaxial extensional model and the oscillatory dynamic model. The results of research related to this topic are also reported.
The new right for all Colombians to retain their telephone numbers (a right which remains unknown if it is not demanded)
Authors: Flórez Calderón Mauro , Ramos RodrIguez Zoila
Published: August 2022

Recognizing rights and their evolution in terms of their varied classification and interpretation has followed a long and tortuous path throughout the ages. Body and soul originally belonged to the state; the middle ages saw mooring to the land for ever. The Petition of Right in 1628 (determining that no man could be arrested or detained without judicial formality), the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 (the corner-stone of English public freedom) and the French Constituent Assembly's rights of man and citizens rights in 1 789 represent the most important milestones on the way. Contemporary rights would include the right to information, monetary stability and a user’s right to retain his/her telephone number (1995). The present article’s object is to broadcast this new users’ right, establish the state of the art, alert people to possible difficulties and propose some strategies for implementing such rights.
Applying optimization techniques for validating a numeric model of free aquifers
Authors: Rodríguez Calderón Wilson , Pallares Muñoz Myriam Rocío
Published: August 2022

The present work presents an alternative for determining free surface in free aquifers using the optimization techniques available in ANSYS (commercial finite elements' software). This is able to handle variable meshes through optimization algorithm iterations. This represents an advantage in terms of precision re methods using a constant mesh. Design variables were parametrically defined by means of vertical coordinates, or key point levels, which were interconnected by means of splines for estimating the free surface. State variables were the values of temperature at key points which were analogous at the top of the water by thermal analogy. The objective function is the absolute value of the difference between the vertical coordinates or levels and the calculated values of temperature at key points. These techniques may be used for determining the position of the water table re free aquifers, resolving the problem of free surface in loose material reservoirs and other types of problems such as fluid mechanics (e.g. flow in canals or swell). Even though these are problems which are very different to those of a porous medium, resolving them is highly non-lineal and requires robust techniques for approaching the phenomena’s real behavior.
A study of single-step hydrolysis of bagasse with concentrated sulphuric acid for obtaining ethanol and in a modified single step and corresponding technical-economic analysis
Authors: Fouad Sarrouh Boutros , Jover Josefina , González Ernio
Published: August 2022

This work deals with acid hydrolysis of bagasse in just one step and in a modified step using concentrated sulphuric acid. The study analysed the influence of three independent variables on the single-step process (reaction time, solid percentage of bagasse and temperature). The highest conversion obtained in single-step hydrolysis was 87.65% fermentative sugars, using 70% sulphuric acid with 2% solids at 50ºC for 1 hour. The modified process was carried out based on these results; 97.5% maximum conversion of fermentative sugars was achieved using 30% acid dilution. Concentrated sulphuric acid single-stage hydrolysis of bagasse and in a single modified stage were subjected to technical-economic analysis. Starting from the results obtained experimentally of the process at laboratory level and elevated to a possible plant with a capacity to produce 800 HL alcohol/day. VAN and PRD indices indicated that single-stage concentrated acid hydrolysis Variant 1) having 8,310,659.27 VAN and 3 year PRD was more feasible than the modified process (variant 2) having 3,293,318.69 VAN and 7 year PRD.
Fuzzy logic systems applied to fluidise bed coffee drying
Authors: López Fontal Elkin Mauricio
Published: August 2022

The present investigation deals with a system for coffee bean drying on a fluidised bed. A prototype was used in which coffee beans were dried using several drying temperatures. The results showed 6 to 8 hour drying periods. The coffee beans presented uniform final humidity content and the product presented good sensory characteristics. Complementing the foregoing and considering this process' degree of uncertainty, fuzzy logic systems were used for establishing some possible preliminary control strategies for drying coffee beans on a fluidised bed related to establishing the point of fluidisation, controlling surface air speed and using air temperature greater than 50°C at the start of the process.
Evaluating, selecting and relevance software tools in technology monitoring
Authors: León Andrés Mauricio , Castellanos Domínguez Óscar Fernando , Vargas Freddy Abel
Published: August 2022

The current setting for industrial and entrepreneurial development has posed the need for incorporating differentiating elements into the production apparatus leading to anticipating technological change. Technology monitoring (TM) emerges as a methodology focused on analysing these changes for identifying challenges and opportunities (being mainly supported by information technology (IT) through the search for, capture and analysis of data and information. This article proposes criteria for choosing and efficiently using software tools having different characteristics, requirements, capacity and cost which could be used in monitoring. An approach is made to different TM models, emphasising the identification and analysis of different information sources for coving and supporting information and access monitoring. Some evaluation, selection and analysis criteria are given for using these types of tools according to each production system's individual profile and needs. Some of the existing software packages are described which are available on the market for carrying out monitoring projects, relating them to their complexity, process characteristics and cost.
Coffe drying on fluidised bed
Authors: López Fontal Elkin Mauricio
Published: August 2022

All coffee is harvested as cherry grains which are then crushed and extracted traditionally or by applying the Becolsub method. Once the coffee parchment obtained has been washed, it is naturally or mechanically dried.
Static dryers are the most used mechanical dryers, generally producing lack of uniformity in the grain's final humidity content which must range from 10% to 12% b.h. Drying by fluidization was used in the present research work; this turns a solid particle bed into a suspended and expanded mass, possessing many of the properties of a liquid. A 5,000 g capacity prototype was designed and constructed in which coffee was dried at three air drying temperatures: 42°C, 46°C and 49°C; drying time lasted 6 to 8 hours. Good uniformity in final grain humidity content was obtained, differences being less than 0.86%. As well as the grain test, a control cup test was used, finding that the product presented good organoleptic qualities.
Studying boundary elements’ behavior using masonry walls built with high-resistance bricks
Authors: Restrepo Mejía Juan Carlos , Takeuchi Tam Caori Patricia
Published: August 2022

This research was aimed at studying the behavior of masonry walls built with and without boundary elements at both ends when subjected to monotonic and cyclic lateral loads. The walls were designed to have the greatest resistance, following NSR-98 recommendations (normas Colombianas de diseño y construcción sismo resistente), except for shear reinforcement. XTRACT software was used for finding axial load cf bending moment and curvature cf bending moment curves. One monotonic test and two cyclic tests were performed for each type of wall.
Experimental results from the walls’ lateral load cf displacement curves were used for determining their ability to dissipate energy on an inelastic range (“R” force-reduction factor for seismic loads) and displacement and curvature malleability. It was found that walls built without boundary elements suffered shear failure with cracks in a stepped configuration along the bricks’ edge. The type of failure for walls built with boundary elements was shear failure in the central panel with cracks in a stepped configuration, in addition to compression failure at the edge of the boundary elements with vertical cracks on the lower part of the wall and at the contact between the wall and the boundary element. Comparison with two other studies carried out at the Universidad Nacional showed similar cyclic behavior, regardless of the clay brick’s strength. The “R” values obtained for both types of walls were lower than the recommended values given by NSR-98. It was determined that walls having boundary element have greater displacement malleability than walls without boundary elements.
Fe/SiO2 catalysts for the selective oxidation of methane to formaldehyde
Authors: Guerrero Fajardo Carlos Alberto , N’Guyen Yvonne , Courson Claire , Roger Anne Cécile
Published: August 2022

Selective oxidation of methane to formaldehyde was analysed with iron catalysts supported on silica prepared by the sol-gel method, leading to obtaining a large support surface area facilitating high dispersion of iron on silica’s amorphous surface. Seven catalysts were prepared; one of them corresponded to the silica support and another five having an iron load 0.1-0.5% in weight. Catalyst 7 (0.5% Fe in weight) was prepared with neutral pH control and had the most homogeneous characteristics since it did not present isolated iron species, corroborated by SEM and TEM analysis. The highest BET areas were 1,757 and 993 m2.g-1 for 0.5% Fe catalysts, having an average 36% microporosity and 43% mesoporosity. X-ray diffraction confirmed the catalyst’s amorphous structure. Catalytic activity was carried out with catalyser 7 at atmospheric pressure in a quartz reactor using a CH4/O2/N2=7.5/1/4 reaction mixture at 400-750°C temperature range. Reaction products were analysed by gas chromatography with TCD. The heterogeneous catalysts displayed greater methane conversion (but with methanol selectivity) whereas homogenous catalyst 7 gave better results regarding formaldehyde. The highest conversion percentage (8.60% mol) for catalyser 7 was presented at 650°C. Formaldehyde selectivity was 50% mol in the 600-650°C range and maximum yield (0.31g HCHO/Kg catalyst) was found in this range; it was thus considered that 650°C for the reaction was thereby the best operating temperature.
Designing and constructing prototype hand and forearm models (pronation and supination) for myoelectric hand prostheses
Authors: Sánchez R Claudia Marcela , Loaiza Jair Leopoldo , Cortés Rodríguez Carlos Julio
Published: August 2022

Rehabilitation engineering’s work consists of developing products associated with physical rehabilitation, mainly prostheses for upper and lower extremity amputees. Developing such products implies mechanical design and the suitable selection of materials and manufacturing process to replace some of the functions which a patient may have lost. The work presented here was aimed at establishing an optimal solution for substituting the needs of a patient having had the forearm amputated at the proximal level of the elbow. This article describes the whole process followed, from understanding the medical language to developing a functional prototype able to replace the arm’s two functions (i.e. the hand and forearm’s pronation and supination movements).
Constructing residue curve maps for butyl acetate synthesis
Authors: Orjuela Londoño Álvaro , Leiva Lenis Fernando , Boyacá Mendivelso Luis Alejandro , Rodríguez Niño Gerardo , Carballo Suárez Luis María
Published: August 2022

This work presents a laboratory study of liquid phase N-butylacetate synthesis (Patm = 560 mmHg), employing simultaneous distillation and reaction (batch reactive distillation) and an ion exchange resin (Lewatit K-2431) as catalyst. The conditions in which the operation was limited by reaction equilibrium (equilibrium regime) and not by kinetics effects (kinetic regime) was determined by constructing experimental residue curves using different catalyst loads. The feasibility of implementing esterification through a simultaneous reaction-separation arrangement was established. Pure butylacetate could be obtained in such process as a bottom product from a reactive distillation column, overcoming the reaction system’s conversion limitations.