bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimising peripheral venous catheter usage in the general inpatient ward: a prospective observational study
Authors: Tan Ying Hua Grace , Tai Wai Ling Stephanie , Sim Crystal , Ng Hui Leng Isabel
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectives

To evaluate current practices in managing peripheral venous catheters through catheter lifespan, reasons for removal and identifying potential predictors of catheter complications.

Background

Peripheral venous catheter insertion is a common minimally invasive procedure performed during patient admission. Current routine replacement of catheters may not be required in the light of recent evidence.

Design

A prospective observational study was carried out in April 2013.

Methods

One hundred patients were selected by systematic sampling. Ward nurses with support from three research nurses collected data for two weeks, ceasing earlier if patient no longer required venous catheters, was discharged, passed on or was transferred to a nongeneral ward setting. Analysis for potential predictors was carried out using random‐effects model.

Results

A total of 218 catheters were sampled, with a median catheter lifespan of 2·0 days. Half the catheters were removed because of complications with only 13 catheter removals due to phlebitis (grade 1+) in the first three days. Percentage of catheters removed due to complications also decreased as indwelling time increased. Twenty‐three catheters (8·3%) could also have been saved as they were rendered ‘not required/discharge’ on day 1. Only insertion on the outer forearm was found to be associated with the likelihood of developing venous catheter complications.

Conclusions

Phlebitis rates in our setting are comparable to other published studies with all phlebitis cases occurring before the third day. The median catheter lifespan of two days is shorter than routine three‐day replacement, which warrants an urgent review of current insertion and maintenance practices in our local setting.

Relevance to clinical practice

Changing practice from routine replacement to clinically indicated has benefits to nurses and patients in terms of manpower time and costs. However, an effort to maximise peripheral catheter lifespan is necessary through daily vigilant catheter care and regular audits of practices.
Dental hygiene registration: development, and reliability and validity testing of an assessment scale designed for nurses in institutions
Authors: Fjeld Katrine Gahre , Eide Hilde , Mowe Morten , Hove Lene Hystad , Willumsen Tiril
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectives

To develop and test the dental hygiene registration, a dental hygiene assessment scale for nurses working in institutions.

Background

Removal of dental plaque is a key factor in preventing oral health‐related diseases. A simple, but reliable dental hygiene assessment scale that enables nurses to monitor residents’ dental hygiene on a daily basis, will improve monitoring oral hygiene status and quality of dental health care.

Design

Descriptive study on the development and evaluation of a dental hygiene registration instrument.

Methods

The dental hygiene registration was developed and tested over several stages during the period of 2011–2014. Dental hygiene registration consists of a five‐point plaque score scale. The score indicates whether measures are needed. A reference group comprising both medical and dental personnel designed dental hygiene registration. Dental plaque was used as a measure of dental hygiene. A pictorial series of teeth with varying amounts of plaque was used to achieve intra‐examiner agreement. Dental hygiene registration assessments were scored 50 times to assess interexaminer reliability between one dental hygienist and one clinical nurse. Dental hygiene registration was validated against the plaque index score of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. The Regional Ethics Committee approved the study (2011/915).

Results

Estimates for intra‐examiner agreement on plaque score were good for the dental hygienist (κ = 0·7) and very good for the clinical nurse (κ = 0·8). Estimates for interexaminer reliability for dental hygiene registration between the dental hygienist and the clinical nurse were moderate (κ = 0·4). dental hygiene registration corresponded significantly with Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0·8, p < 0·001) indicating good validity.

Conclusion

The developed dental hygiene registration appears to be reliable and valid.

Relevance to clinical practice

Dental hygiene registration may contribute to the provision of daily oral care. Dental hygiene registration enables nurses to evaluate their own effort when assisting in dental hygiene and to register whether further effort is needed.
Sexual health in primary health care – a qualitative study of nurses’ experiences
Authors: Klaeson Kicki , Hovlin Lina , Guvå Hanna , Kjellsdotter Anna
Published: June 2016

Aim and objectives

To illuminate nurses’ experiences and opportunities to discuss sexual health with patients in primary health care.

Background

Sexual health is a concept associated with many taboos, and research shows that nurses feel uncomfortable talking to patients about sexual health and therefore avoid it. This avoidance forms a barrier between patient and nurse which prevents nurses from giving satisfactory health care to patients.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine nurses in primary health care in Sweden. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

During the analysis phase, five subcategories and two main categories were identified. The two main categories were as follows: ‘factors that influence nurses’ opportunities of talking to patients about sexual health’ and ‘nurses’ experiences of talking to patients about sexual health’. Social norms in society were an obstacle for health professionals’ opportunities to feel comfortable and act professionally. The nurses’ personal attitude and knowledge were of great significance in determining whether they brought up the topic of sexual health or not. The nurses found it easier to bring up the topic of sexual health with middle‐aged men with, for example, diabetes. One reason for this is that they found it easier to talk to male patients. A further reason is the fact that they had received training in discussing matters of sexual health in relation to diabetes and other conditions affecting sexual health.

Conclusion

Nurses in primary care express the necessity of additional education and knowledge on the subject of sexual health. The healthcare organisation must be reformed to put focus on sexual health.

Relevance for clinical practice

Guidelines for addressing the topic of sexual health must be implemented to establish conditions that will increase nurse's knowledge and provide them with the necessary tools for discussing sexual health with patients.
Severe pneumonia caused by adenovirus 7 in pregnant woman: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Liao Ji‐ping , Wang Guang‐fa , Jin Zhe , Qian Yuan , Deng Jie , Que Cheng‐li
Published: June 2016

We report a rare case of adenoviral pneumonia in a previously healthy pregnant woman at 26+4 weeks' gestation. She presented with persistent high fever, cough for 5 days, and developed progressive dyspnea with hypoxemic respiratory failure and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with pleural effusions. Aggressive supportive care and timely obstetrical management saved the mother and prevented preterm delivery and fetal anomaly.
Ethos–Intensive Objects: Toward a Methodological Framework for Identifying Complex Client Cultures
Authors: Vaux Dana , Wang David
Published: June 2016

Along with other design professionals in a globalizing world, interior designers are serving clients who are increasingly complex. Understanding exactly whom design professionals are designing for now requires more than just developing a program; it requires the designer to comprehend the multiple layers of a client's culture. Clients tend less to be individuals, but rather institutions and corporations, and even the smaller ones among these may well have international scope. This increased complexity has also rendered the client culture more sophisticated. Questions arise as to how a designer can offer solutions that truly fit a client's needs. This paper proposes a method that frames ethnographic data into design programs through the identification of Ethos–Intensive Objects (EIOs). EIOs are culturally descriptive, case–specific objects that encompass multiple levels of meaning linked to human lived experiences associated with physical attributes, human activities, and human narratives of a specific cultural context. Identifying EIOs allows designers to develop more accurate design programs by enabling them to see the client's world through the client's eyes. This paper begins by defining EIOs, clarifying how they bridge the gap between cultural data and the design program, and then provides examples of EIOs in three case study samples. First, a historical example in the literature makes a broad case for the utility of EIOs as cultural identifiers. Next, an example from the design literature illustrates design ethnographic methods from an EIO point of view. Finally, an analysis from an interiors venue provides a prototypical example for EIOs in a design practice setting. In sum, the paper argues for a way by which designers can comprehend client cultures through EIOs and empirically frame the cultural experiences embedded in these objects into understandable and operational frameworks for the purposes of informing design programs.
Technology‐Based Communication and the Development of Interpersonal Competencies Within Adolescent Romantic Relationships: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Nesi Jacqueline , Widman Laura , Choukas‐Bradley Sophia , Prinstein Mitchell J.
Published: June 2016

This study investigated longitudinal associations between adolescents’ technology‐based communication and the development of interpersonal competencies within romantic relationships. A school‐based sample of 487 adolescents (58% girls; Mage = 14.1) participated at two time points, one year apart. Participants reported (1) proportions of daily communication with romantic partners via traditional modes (in person, on the phone) versus technological modes (text messaging, social networking sites) and (2) competence in the romantic relationship skill domains of negative assertion and conflict management. Results of cross‐lagged panel models indicated that adolescents who engaged in greater proportions of technology‐based communication with romantic partners reported lower levels of interpersonal competencies one year later, but not vice versa; associations were particularly strong for boys.
Automatic Inventory of Road Cross‐Sections from Mobile Laser Scanning System
Authors: Holgado‐Barco Alberto , Riveiro Belén , González‐Aguilera Diego , Arias Pedro
Published: June 2016

This article aims to automatically obtain the geometrical inventory of road cross‐sections (i.e., number of lanes, width of the roadway, width of the shoulders, width of the lanes, superelevation) using a mobile laser scanning (MLS) system. Because of the large amount of data captured by the MLS, we have developed a methodology that is based on a process of segmentation, classification, and extraction, which allows us to determine the geometrical cross‐section parameters. The process was validated with real data from motorways, and satisfactory results were obtained in the analyzed scenarios.
Dietary patterns and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in Iranian adults
Authors: Khayyatzadeh S. S. , Esmaillzadeh A. , Saneei P. , Keshteli A. H. , Adibi P.
Published: June 2016

Background

Although several dietary factors have been reported to alleviate or aggravate the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), no information is available linking habitual dietary patterns to irritable bowel syndrome.

Objective

This study was undertaken to assess the association between dietary patterns and the risk of IBS among Iranian adults.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, data on 3846 Iranian adults working in 50 different health centers were examined. Dietary intake of study participants was assessed using a 106‐item self‐administered Dish‐based Semi‐quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (DS‐FFQ) which was designed and validated specifically for Iranian adults. To identify major dietary patterns based on the 39 food groups, we used principal component analysis. A modified Persian version of the Rome III questionnaire was used for assessment of IBS.

Results

We identified four major dietary patterns: (i) ‘fast food’, (ii) ‘traditional’, (iii) ‘lacto‐vegetarian’, and (iv) ‘western’ dietary pattern. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that those in the highest quartile of ‘fast food’ dietary pattern were tended to have higher risk of IBS than those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.75, ptrend = 0.05). An inverse association was also found between ‘lacto‐vegetarian’ dietary pattern and risk of IBS; such that even after adjustment for potential confounders, those in top quartile of this dietary pattern were 24% less likely to have IBS (0.76; 0.59, 0.98; ptrend = 0.02). No overall significant associations were observed between ‘traditional’ and ‘western’ dietary patterns and risk of IBS, either before or after adjustment for covariates.

Conclusion

We found that ‘lacto‐vegetarian’ dietary pattern was associated with reduced risk, while ‘fast food’ dietary pattern was associated with a greater risk of IBS in Iranian adults.
A genome‐wide association study in Caucasian women suggests the involvement of HLA genes in the severity of facial solar lentigines
Authors: Laville Vincent , Clerc Sigrid Le , Ezzedine Khaled , Jdid Randa , Taing Lieng , Labib Taoufik , Coulonges Cedric , Ulveling Damien , Carpentier Wassila , Galan Pilar , Hercberg Serge , Morizot Frederique , Latreille Julie , Malvy Denis , Tschachler Erwin , Zagury Jean‐François
Published: June 2016

Solar lentigines are a common feature of sun‐induced skin ageing. Little is known, however, about the genetic factors contributing to their development. In this genome‐wide association study, we aimed to identify genetic loci associated with solar lentigines on the face in 502 middle‐aged French women. Nine SNPs, gathered in two independent blocks on chromosome 6, exhibited a false discovery rate below 25% when looking for associations with the facial lentigine score. The first block, in the 6p22 region, corresponded to intergenic SNPs and also exhibited a significant association with forehead lentigines (P = 1.37 × 10−8). The second block, within the 6p21 HLA region, was associated with decreased HLA‐C expression according to several eQTL databases. Interestingly, these SNPs were also in high linkage disequilibrium with the HLA‐C*0701 allele (r2 = 0.95). We replicated an association recently found by GWAS in the IRF4 gene. Finally, a complementary study on 44 selected candidate SNPs revealed novel associations in the MITF gene. Overall, our results point to several mechanisms involved in the severity of facial lentigines, including HLA/immunity and the melanogenesis pathway.
Double inlet left ventricle–ventriculoarterial discordance without surgical treatment
Authors: Güvenç Osman , Saygi Murat , Şengül Fatma S , Ayyıldız Pelin , Güzeltaş Alper
Published: June 2016

Univentricular heart is a rare congenital defect that consists, in nearly 80% of cases, of double inlet left ventricle, to which both atrioventricular valves connect. A 31‐year‐old male patient was diagnosed with single ventricle at the age of 9. He had not received any surgical intervention and was not on any medication. Functional capacity was assessed as New York Heart Association class III. Both atrioventricular valves were found to open into the morphological left ventricle, which was located on the right; the hypoplasic right ventricle was on the left side of the left ventricle, the posteriorly located aorta emerged from the right ventricle, and the anteriorly located pulmonary artery emerged from the left ventricle. There was significant subvalvular and valvular stenosis in the pulmonary valve site. The disease is complex and it is very rare that untreated patients reach adulthood.
Does Dent disease remain an underrecognized cause for young boys with focal glomerulosclerosis?
Authors: Kubo Kaori , Aizawa Tomomi , Watanabe Shojiro , Tsugawa Koji , Tsuruga Kazushi , Ito Etsuro , Joh Kensuke , Tanaka Hiroshi
Published: June 2016

Focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) is a histologic entity that causes significant proteinuria in children. Although its etiology varies, recent reports indicated that some young male patients with FGS had underlying Dent disease. We describe the case of a 14‐year‐old Japanese boy who presented with persistent non‐nephrotic range proteinuria, hematuria, and renal insufficiency. The patient was initially diagnosed as having FGS associated with scattered tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Although he had neither nephrocalcinosis nor family history of renal disease including urolithiasis, increased excretion of urinary β2 microglobulin was noted. Genetic analysis for Dent disease indicated a mutation (c.726 + 1G > A) in Chloride Channel, Voltage‐Sensitive 5 (CLCN5). Given a recent hypothesis that Dent disease may be underrecognized in children with FGS, a careful diagnostic evaluation for possible underlying Dent disease should be considered in young boys who present with persistent albuminuria associated with high‐grade low‐molecular‐weight proteinuria.
Cobalamin C defect‐hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by new mutation in MMACHC
Authors: Adrovic Amra , Canpolat Nur , Caliskan Salim , Sever Lale , Kıykım Ertugrul , Agbas Ayse , Baumgartner Matthias R
Published: June 2016

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is mostly linked to defects in the regulation of alternative complement pathway, but a rare form is caused by an inherited defect of cobalamin 1 metabolism. Cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism that results from mutations in methylmalonic aciduria and homocysteinuria (MMACHC). The most severe form of cblC deficiency and the associated high mortality rate are mostly observed in neonates or in infants <6 months of age. Early diagnosis of cblC deficiency leads to early treatment and an improved prognosis. We describe the case of a 6‐year‐old girl with cblC disorder, who presented with severe multiorgan involvement at the age of 5 months and who was successfully treated with vitamin B12, betaine, coenzyme Q10 and l‐carnitene, and who had a new homozygous mutation of MMACHC.
Wernicke's encephalopathy in a child with Down syndrome, undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yıldırım Ayşen Türedi , Bilgili Gökmen , Akman Bilge , Ovalı Gülgün Yılmaz , Özgüven Ali Aykan , Gülen Hüseyin
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), the early diagnosis of which is crucial to prevent permanent sequelae, is an acute neurologic disorder that develops due to thiamine deficiency, and which is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. A 10‐year‐old boy diagnosed with Down syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia had severe vomiting and impaired consciousness following methotrexate treatment at a dose of 1 g/m2. Biochemistry was consistent with the syndrome of inappropriate anti‐diuretic hormone secretion. Level of consciousness did not improve following meticulous correction of hyponatremia, therefore cranial magnetic resonance imaging was done, which indicated specific findings consistent with WE. It should be kept in mind that Down syndrome patients are more likely to incur toxic side‐effects of chemotherapeutic agents, and thus neurological complications such as WE may occur.
Multidisciplinary treatment for prepubertal juvenile myasthenia gravis with crisis
Authors: Hirata Yusuke , Inoue Masayoshi , Nabatame Shin , Okumura Meinoshin , Ozono Keiichi
Published: June 2016

The management of juvenile myasthenia gravis (MG) remains controversial. We report herein the case of a 12‐year‐old girl with prepubertal juvenile MG with respiratory crisis who underwent thymectomy following methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The patient initially developed progressively worsening fatigability, eyelid ptosis, and diplopia, followed by worsening generalized weakness, dysphagia, and dyspnea. Even after i.v. immunoglobulin, the patient presented with rapid onset of severe dyspnea requiring respiratory support with mechanical ventilation and was graded as Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America class V. After a course of i.v. methylprednisolone pulse therapy, successful control of respiratory crisis was achieved, and trans‐sternal thymectomy was performed. Partial remission was achieved postoperatively with oral pyridostigmine without immunosuppressive agents such as steroids or calcineurin inhibitors for 18 months after thymectomy. Early thymectomy following induction methylprednisolone pulse therapy might be a treatment option for prepubertal juvenile MG with severe respiratory crisis.
Detection of parasites in children with chronic diarrhea
Authors: Maçin Salih , Kaya Filiz , Çağdaş Deniz , Hizarcioglu‐Gulsen Hayriye , Saltik‐Temizel Inci Nur , Tezcan İlhan , Demir Hülya , Ergüven Sibel , Akyön Yakut
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasites in patients with chronic diarrhea and clarify the importance of these parasitic pathogens in such cases. A total of 60 pediatric patients with chronic diarrhea between June 2012 and October 2014 were enrolled in the study. Out of 60 stool samples, five were positive for Giardia lamblia, two, Dientamoeba fragilis, and one, Blastocystis hominis. One stool sample was positive for Entamoeba hartmanni and B. hominis, another one was positive for G. lamblia and B. hominis, another, G. lamblia and E. hartmanni and one sample was positive for Enterobius vermicularis, D. fragilis and B. hominis together. Parasitic infection, which decreases quality of life and increases susceptibility to other infections, should not be neglected, particularly in patients with chronic diarrhea. Accurate diagnosis decreases morbidity and mortality in patients with parasite infection.
Displacement of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve: Rare variant of Ebstein's anomaly
Authors: Tsujii Nobuyuki , Kurosaki Kenichi , Yasuda Kenji , Mizuno Masanori , Sakaguchi Heima , Hoashi Takaya , Ichikawa Hajime , Shiraishi Isao
Published: June 2016

In Ebstein's anomaly, the points of attachment, or hinges, of the septal and mural leaflets in the right ventricle are displaced away from the atrioventricular junction. In contrast, the junctional hinge of the anterior leaflet usually retains a normal position. Here, we report a case of giant right atrial aneurysm due to isolated displacement of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve in an infant, a rare variant of Ebstein's anomaly. Enlargement of the right atrium, which was initially diagnosed during the fetal period, progressively and markedly dilated after birth and was successfully treated with surgical resection. Isolated displacement of the anterior leaflet should be recognized as a variant of Ebstein's anomaly.
Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney treated with chemotherapy including ifosfamide
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroki , Kamiya Takahiro , Hosoya Yosuke , Hasegawa Daisuke , Ogawa Chitose , Asanuma Hiroshi , Mizuno Ryuichi , Hosoya Ryota , Manabe Atsushi
Published: June 2016

Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) of the kidney is extremely rare, and is usually diagnosed after nephrectomy without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Although ifosfamide and etoposide improve survival to a great extent in ES/PNET, the use of nephrotoxic agent, particularly ifosfamide, is a concern after nephrectomy. We describe the case of a 14‐year‐old female patient with abdominal mass who was diagnosed with ES/PNET of the right kidney after nephrectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy including ifosfamide and etoposide were given. The estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased to 75% after the end of therapy. There was no evidence of recurrence 70 months after initial diagnosis.
Repeated fecal microbiota transplantation in a child with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Shimizu Hirotaka , Arai Katsuhiro , Abe Jun , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Yoshioka Takako , Hosoi Kenji , Kuroda Makoto
Published: June 2016

We report the case of an 11‐year‐old girl with ulcerative colitis refractory to conventional therapy, who was subsequently treated successfully with repeated fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The patient was steroid dependent despite several infliximab treatments, and colectomy was proposed to improve quality of life. After repeated FMT, she was able to maintain remission with on minimal dose of steroid. Although her fecal microbiota was dysbiotic before FMT, it was restored to a similar pattern as the donor after repeated FMT.
Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Down syndrome
Authors: Tamaura Moe , Iwasaki Fuminori , Yokosuka Tomoko , Fukuda Kunio , Hamonoue Satoshi , Goto Hiroaki
Published: June 2016

Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph+) ALL is rare in DS children. We report a case of Ph+ALL with DS complicated by chronic heart failure. Complete molecular remission was obtained after imatinib‐combined chemotherapy, although infectious episodes during the neutropenic period worsened the heart condition. After two courses of intensification chemotherapy, the patient underwent reduced intensity stem cell transplantation from an HLA‐identical sibling donor followed by post‐transplant imatinib. The patient maintained molecular complete remission for >2 years. This case report is the first description of the safe and effective use of imatinib for DS‐Ph+ALL. This case suggests the potential of molecular targeting therapy in DS‐ALL, which is often complicated by congenital diseases, and the importance of treating DS‐ALL while maintaining intensity and reducing treatment‐related toxicity.
Time trends in pediatric Herpes zoster hospitalization rate after Varicella immunization
Authors: Critselis Elena , Theodoridou Kalliopi , Alexopoulou Zoi , Theodoridou Maria , Papaevangelou Vassiliki
Published: June 2016

Herpes zoster (HZ) is an emerging concern for public health officials. The aim of this study was to determine whether universal Varicella immunization implemented in 2004 had an impact on HZ hospitalization in immunocompetent children in Greece. All HZ hospitalizations were recorded during the period 1999–2011. The overall attributable hospitalization rate was 13.89 cases/1000 hospital admissions (95%CI: 11.69–16.38 cases/1000 hospital admissions). HZ hospitalization rate remained unchanged during the study period. These data provide a basis for monitoring HZ hospitalization rate among children following universal toddler immunization.
Osteoid osteoma mimicking monoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a girl
Authors: Massei Francesco , Laccetta Gianluigi , Barrani Monica , Fabbri Luca , Zampa Virna , Paolicchi Alessandro , Cioni Roberto , Ciancia Eugenio Mario , Scaglione Michelangelo , Consolini Rita
Published: June 2016

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign osteogenic neoplasm, usually affecting children and young adults, that is typically characterized by nocturnal pain and response to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. OO is frequently misdiagnosed because it mimics juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), bone infection or malignancy. Herein we report the case of a girl who presented with chronic monoarthritis of the knee mimicking JIA. After 1 year, OO of the femoral distal metaphysis was diagnosed. OO was treated with computed tomography‐guided radiofrequency ablation with disappearance of the symptoms and resolution of the neoplasm. No recurrences have been observed 3 years after the treatment. This case highlights that intra‐articular or juxta‐articular OO should be suspected in the case of misleading symptoms and signs, such as swelling, lack of typical pain and synovial thickening on ultrasound; needle biopsy of the lesion is necessary in the case of confusing imaging.
Ampicillin‐ and ampicillin/sulbactam‐resistant Escherichia coli infection in a neonatal intensive care unit in Japan
Authors: Saida Ken , Ito Yukako , Shima Yosuke , Kasuga Eriko , Kusakari Mai , Miyosawa Yukihide , Baba Atsushi
Published: June 2016

The incidence of ampicillin (ABPC)‐resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection in very low‐birthweight infants has been increasing. The rate of ABPC/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT)‐resistant E. coli in this population, however, is currently unknown. We encountered two cases of severe infection due to resistant E. coli and retrospectively studied the prevalence of ABPC‐ and ABPC/SBT‐resistant E. coli in regular surveillance cultures obtained from all neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients between 2000 and 2013. The overall prevalence of ABPC‐resistant E. coli was 39% (47/120), accounting for 63% of cases (32/51) between 2007 and 2013, compared with 22% (15/69) between 2000 and 2006. The prevalence of ABPC/SBT resistance was 17% (20/120), which was similar in both periods (16%, 8/51 vs 17%, 12/69). According to these results, not only ABPC, but also ABPC/SBT‐resistant E. coli must be considered in the NICU.
Liddle syndrome in a Turkish family with heterogeneous phenotypes
Authors: Büyükkaragöz Bahar , Yilmaz Aysun Caltik , Karcaaltincaba Deniz , Ozdemir Osman , Ludwig Michael
Published: June 2016

Liddle syndrome (LS) is a familial disease characterized by early onset hypertension (HT). Although regarded as rare, its incidence may be greater than expected because the classical findings of hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with suppressed renin and aldosterone levels are not consistently present. Herein, we present the case of an adolescent boy and maternal relatives who were followed up with misdiagnosis of essential HT for a long duration. Clinical diagnosis of LS was confirmed on genetic analysis. Despite carrying the same mutation, the index patient and the family members manifested heterogeneous phenotypes of the disease including age at presentation, degree of HT, presence of hypokalemia and renal/cardiac complications. LS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of HT in children with a strong family history of HT resistant to conventional treatment; and genetic screening should be performed in these circumstances.
Congenital nephrotic syndrome in an infant with ALG1‐congenital disorder of glycosylation
Authors: Harshman Lyndsay A , Ng Bobby G , Freeze Hudson H , Trapane Pamela , Dolezal Anna , Brophy Patrick D , Brumbaugh Jane E
Published: June 2016

Congenital nephrotic syndrome (NS) in the newborn is most frequently related to mutations in genes specific for structural integrity of the glomerular basement membrane and associated filtration structures within the kidney, resulting in massive leakage of plasma proteins into the urine. Occurrence of congenital NS in a multi‐system syndrome is less common. We describe the case of an infant with deteriorating neurological status, seizures, edema, and proteinuria who was found to have a mutation in gene ALG1 and a renal biopsy consistent with congenital NS. Furthermore, we briefly review rare existing case reports documenting congenital NS in patients with mutations in ALG1, and treatment strategies, including novel use of peritoneal dialysis.
Gray Markets and Supply Chain Incentives
Authors: Shao Jing , Krishnan Harish , McCormick S. Thomas
Published: June 2016

“Gray markets” are unauthorized channels that distribute a branded product without the manufacturer's permission. Since gray markets are not officially sanctioned by the manufacturer, their existence is assumed to hurt the manufacturer. Yet manufacturers sometimes tolerate or even encourage gray market activities. We investigate the incentives of a manufacturer and its authorized retailer to engage in (or tolerate) gray markets. The firms need to consider the trade‐off between the positive effects of a gray market (price discrimination and cost savings) and the negative effects (cannibalization of sales and a loss in consumer valuation). Generally, gray markets can be categorized into two types: (i) a “local gray market,” where a retailer diverts products to unauthorized sellers operating in the same region as the retailer; and, (ii) “bootlegging,” where the retailer diverts products to unauthorized sellers in another market where the manufacturer sells through a direct channel. We characterize the equilibrium in each type of gray market and identify conditions under which the retailer will divert products to the gray market. Incentive problems are more complicated when the retailer bootlegs and, in this case, we show that conflicting incentives may lead to the emergence of a gray market where both the manufacturer's and retailer's profits decrease.
Supplier Encroachment and Investment Spillovers
Authors: Yoon Dae‐Hee
Published: June 2016

It is conventional wisdom that a manufacturer's encroachment into retail space will likely hurt an existing retailer. In contrast to this conventional belief, current research indicates that a retailer may welcome a manufacturer's encroachment despite the new competition in the final market. The encroachment may help the manufacturer have some “skin in the game” at the retail level, which will cause the manufacturer to make a selfish cost‐reducing investment that spills over to the retailer as a lower wholesale price. Such a spillover effect enhances the retailer's profit as long as the encroachment does not result in extreme retail competition by a certain degree of product differentiation, and ultimately generates Pareto gains in the supply chain. The spillover effect is so robust that the retailer's benefit from the encroachment remains even after considering potential mitigating factors such as selling costs, a nonlinear form of cost reduction, decentralized encroachment, additional retail competition, price competition, and a negotiation between the manufacturer and the retailer.
Optimal Dynamic Upgrading in Revenue Management
Authors: McCaffrey David , Walczak Darius
Published: June 2016

We consider a revenue management problem involving a two compartment aircraft flying a single leg, with no cancellations or over‐booking. We apply the practice of transforming a choice revenue management model into an independent demand model. Within this assumed independent model, there are two sets of demands, business and economy, each with multiple fare class products. A business passenger can only be accepted into business. An economy passenger can be accepted into economy or upgraded into business. We define a two‐dimensional dynamic program (DP) and show that the value function is sub‐modular and concave in seat availability in the two compartments. Thus the bid prices are non‐decreasing with respect to these state variables. We use this result to propose an exact algorithm to solve the DP. Our numerical investigation suggests that in contrast to standard backward induction, our method could be included in production revenue management systems. Further, when the economy compartment is capacity constrained, we observe a substantial monetary benefit from optimal dynamic upgrading compared to the static upgrading procedures currently used in practice.
A WTP‐Choice Model: Empirical Validation, Competitive and Centralized Pricing
Authors: Gupta Varun , Çakanyıldırım Metin
Published: June 2016

Willingness To Pay (WTP) of customers plays an anchoring role in pricing. This study proposes a new choice model based on WTP, incorporating sequential decision making, where the products with positive utility of purchase are considered in the order of customer preference. We compare WTP‐choice model with the commonly used (multinomial) Logit model with respect to the underlying choice process, information requirement, and independence of irrelevant alternatives. Using WTP‐choice model, we find and compare equilibrium and centrally optimal prices and profits without considering inventory availability. In addition, we compare equilibrium prices and profits in two contexts: without considering inventory availability and under lost sales. One of the interesting results with WTP‐choice model is the “loose coupling” of retailers in competition; prices are not coupled but profits are. That is, each retailer should charge the monopoly price as the collection of these prices constitute an equilibrium but each retailer's profit depends on other retailers' prices. Loose coupling fails with dependence of WTPs or dependence of preference on prices. Also, we show that competition among retailers facing dependent WTPs can cause price cycles under some conditions. We consider real‐life data on sales of yogurt, ketchup, candy melt, and tuna, and check if a version of WTP‐choice model (with uniform, triangle, or shifted exponential WTP distribution), standard or mixed Logit model fits better and predicts the sales better. These empirical tests establish that WTP‐choice model compares well and should be considered as a legitimate alternative to Logit models for studying pricing for products with low price and high frequency of purchase.
Scheduling Methods for Efficient Stamping Operations at an Automotive Company
Authors: Caglar Gencosman Burcu , Begen Mehmet A. , Ozmutlu Huseyin Cenk , Ozturk Yilmaz Imren
Published: June 2016

We consider scheduling issues at Beyçelik, a Turkish automotive stamping company that uses presses to give shape to metal sheets in order to produce auto parts. The problem concerns the minimization of the total completion time of job orders (i.e., makespan) during a planning horizon. This problem may be classified as a combined generalized flowshop and flexible flowshop problem with special characteristics. We show that the Stamping Scheduling Problem is NP‐Hard. We develop an integer programming‐based method to build realistic and usable schedules. Our results show that the proposed method is able to find higher quality schedules (i.e., shorter makespan values) than both the company's current process and a model from the literature. However, the proposed method has a relatively long run time, which is not practical for the company in situations when a (new) schedule is needed quickly (e.g., when there is a machine breakdown or a rush order). To improve the solution time, we develop a second method that is inspired by decomposition. We show that the second method provides higher‐quality solutions—and in most cases optimal solutions—in a shorter time. We compare the performance of all three methods with the company's schedules. The second method finds a solution in minutes compared to Beyçelik's current process, which takes 28 hours. Further, the makespan values of the second method are about 6.1% shorter than the company's schedules. We estimate that the company can save over €187,000 annually by using the second method. We believe that the models and methods developed in this study can be used in similar companies and industries.
Analyzing the Effect of Express Orders on Supply Chain Costs and Delivery Times
Authors: Olbert Henning , Protopappa‐Sieke Margarita , Thonemann Ulrich W.
Published: June 2016

Delivery time differentiation is a supply chain concept that has been implemented in various industries, but not yet in the automotive industry. One reason is that the effects of delivery time differentiation on the supply chain are not well understood. The BMW Group, for instance, has considered offering an express order option, where express orders bypass standard orders in the supply chain processes to achieve short delivery times. Express orders distort planning processes, increase operations cost, and increase the delivery times of standard orders, however the effects have not been quantified yet. This study analyzes the impact of express orders on the supply chain, when express orders are built‐to‐order. To understand the supply chain consequences of express orders better, we analyzed the relevant supply chain processes at BMW Group. We determine the effect that built‐to‐order express orders have on delivery times and on component demand. To analyze the effect of introducing express orders on expected delivery times and expected cost, we use queuing theory and derive expressions for the transient behavior of a discrete time batch queue. Our analyses indicate that many supply chain processes are only marginally affected. However, the orders to the suppliers become considerably more uncertain, which must be compensated by additional safety stock. Our results indicate that express orders can be an attractive option for BMW and other automotive companies. If the fraction of express orders stays at a reasonable level, express orders can be delivered within about two weeks.
Entailments are Cancellable
Authors: Davies Alex
Published: June 2016

Several philosophers have recently claimed that if a proposition is cancellable from an uttered sentence then that proposition is not entailed by that uttered sentence. The claim should be a familiar one. It has become a standard device in the philosopher's tool‐kit. I argue that this claim is false. There is a kind of entailment—which I call “modal entailment”—that is context‐sensitive and, because of this, cancellable. So cancellability does not show that a proposition is not entailed by an uttered sentence. I close the paper by describing an implication this has for a disagreement between J. L. Austin and Grice concerning the relation between felicity and truth.
Conservation planning and Indigenous governance in Australia's Indigenous Protected Areas
Authors: Godden Lee , Cowell Stuart
Published: June 2016

Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs) recognize that “country” constitutes land and waters that have enduring cultural, social, and economic linkages for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples that extend over millennia, and which are critical to sustainable Indigenous futures. Within Australia's conservation system, IPAs become part of the National Reserve System (NRS) when Indigenous peoples voluntarily announce their intention to manage “country,” in accordance with their law, custom, and culture, and consistently with national and international conservation guidelines. The NRS requirement is that land is managed “in perpetuity” which highlights a potential tension between with the conservation goals and the voluntary character of IPAs. Ecological restoration in IPAs also raises contested ideas about what is “natural,” the relevant “baseline” for restoration, and what are the objectives to be achieved—ecological or cultural sustainability? Experience from Healthy Country Planning in IPAs indicates that restoration of traditional owner decision‐making, as well as respectful use and valuing community knowledge, is central to the sustainability of outcomes. Ecological restoration is most effectively achieved by restoring governance processes that support Indigenous peoples given the inseparability of cultural, social, economic, and ecological objectives.
Impact of Malaria Control on Late and Early Infant Mortality in Senegal
Authors: Tabetando Rayner , Mom Njong Aloysius
Published: June 2016

One of the greatest achievements of the twenty‐first century has been the dramatic decline in malaria prevalence notably in endemic developing countries. In this study, we estimate the impact of recent scale up in malaria control in Senegal on neonatal, postnatal and infant mortality. We exploit natural preintervention variation in malaria prevalence to estimate the impact of recent malaria control policy in Senegal. In a difference in differences design, we find a negative and significant effect on neonatal and infant mortality in malaria endemic regions while the impact on postnatal mortality is inconclusive. We rule out competing explanations such as contemporaneous health campaigns, general improvement in health care delivery and pre‐existing regional time trends. We identify a 26.9% and 16.3% reduction in neonatal and infant mortality, respectively, in malaria endemic regions during 2005–2014. We argue that increase in donor funding for malaria control as well as greater involvement of local communities and civil society organization has proven to be effective. However, the impact of malaria control on mortality may vary substantially depending on early or late infant mortality.
New Characterizations for the Eigenvalues of the Prolate Spheroidal Wave Equation
Authors: Richard‐Jung F. , Ramis J.‐P. , Thomann J. , Fauvet F.
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we give new characterizations for the eigenvalues of the prolate wave equation as limits of the zeros of some families of polynomials: the coefficients of the formal power series appearing in the solutions near 0, 1, or ∞ (in the variables , or , respectively). The result, which seems to be true for all values of the parameter τ, according to our numerical experiments, is here proved for small values of the parameter τ.
Spectra of Short Pulse Solutions of the Cubic–Quintic Complex Ginzburg–Landau Equation near Zero Dispersion
Authors: Shen Yannan , Zweck John , Wang Shaokang , Menyuk Curtis R.
Published: June 2016

We describe a computational method to compute spectra and slowly decaying eigenfunctions of linearizations of the cubic–quintic complex Ginzburg–Landau equation about numerically determined stationary solutions. We compare the results of the method to a formula for an edge bifurcation obtained using the small dissipation perturbation theory of Kapitula and Sandstede. This comparison highlights the importance for analytical studies of perturbed nonlinear wave equations of using a pulse ansatz in which the phase is not constant, but rather depends on the perturbation parameter. In the presence of large dissipative effects, we discover variations in the structure of the spectrum as the dispersion crosses zero that are not predicted by the small dissipation theory. In particular, in the normal dispersion regime we observe a jump in the number of discrete eigenvalues when a pair of real eigenvalues merges with the intersection point of the two branches of the continuous spectrum. Finally, we contrast the method to computational Evans function methods.
Flexural‐Gravity Wave Scattering by a Circular‐Arc‐Shaped Porous Plate
Authors: Mondal Arpita , Panda Srikumar , Gayen R.
Published: June 2016

The interaction of flexural‐gravity waves with a thin circular‐arc‐shaped permeable plate submerged beneath the ice‐covered surface of water with uniform finite depth is considered under the assumption of linear theory. The problem is reduced to a second kind hypersingular integral equation for the potential difference across the plate which is solved approximately by an expansion–collocation method. Utilizing the solution, the reflection and the transmission coefficients and the hydrodynamic forces are evaluated numerically. The focus of the paper is to illustrate the effect of a porous curved plate submerged in finite depth water with an ice‐cover on the normally incident waves. Numerical results for a circular‐arc‐shaped plate for different configurations are derived and represented graphically. Also, by choosing an appropriate set of parameters, the known results for a circular‐arc‐shaped rigid plate submerged in deep water and a semicircular porous plate submerged in finite depth water with a free surface are recovered as special cases.