bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cataract surgery in Australia: a review of the regional literature and outcomes from 5018 cases at a tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: Khan Muhammad A , Lee Brendon W H , Sartor Lauren , Samarawickrama Chameen
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To report visual and surgical outcomes of phacoemulsification cataract surgery from 5018 consecutive cases from Sydney, Australia. A review of the Australian and New Zealand literature was undertaken to provide a benchmark of outcomes from the region.

Methods

The electronic medical record system was used to review three time-points for all phacoemulsification cataract surgeries at a tertiary-referral centre between May 2017 and August 2020: preoperative, intraoperative and one month postoperatively. Variables collected included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and pinhole visual acuity, surgeon seniority and ocular pathology.

Results

Of the 5018 eyes, 37.3% were operated on by consultants, 47.1% by trainees and 15.6% by fellows. Ocular pathology was seen in 48.9% of eyes (n=1709). The mean preoperative and one month postoperative UDVA was 6/48 and 6/12, respectively. There was an intraoperative complication in 7.6% of eyes (n=379) and posterior capsular rupture (PCR) occurred in 2.7% (n=136). PCR rates between consultants (3.1%, n=56), trainees (2.6%, n=61) and fellows (2.1%, n=16) showed no statistically significant difference (p≥0.355). The key risk factors for PCR were advanced cataract, alpha-antagonist use, small pupil size and the presence of glaucoma.

Conclusion

We present visual and surgical outcomes from the largest study on phacoemulsification cataract surgery in Australia and New Zealand, acknowledging the study’s retrospective nature preventing inter-eye correlations, subdivision of cataract subspecialist versus not and trainee rank, and the minority of missing data. Our findings were comparable to regional and international benchmarks despite a high rate of ocular pathology and trainee case load. The lack of a regional cataract surgery registry represents a critical need in assessing and claiming key performance indicators, capturing emerging trends and identifying region-specific risk factors to deliver the best patient outcomes.
Trabeculectomy versus stepwise treatment for breaking the attack of acute primary angle closure in patients with long attack duration: study design and protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial (LAAAC)
Authors: Li Zhi , Dai Chao , Fan Su Jie , Tang Guangxian , Liu Chi , Qu Bo , Chang Xinqi , Jiang Jing , Cheng Yanyan , Zhang Ye , Zhang Qing , Wang Ning-li , He Mingguang , Li Shuning
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Acute primary angle closure (APAC) is a common ophthalmic emergency for Chinese patients causing potential visual disabilities. According to current guidelines published by developed countries, a stepwise protocol (medication laser or paracentesis surgery) is recommended for emergency management of APAC. However, patients with APAC in China and developed countries differ in disease characteristics as the Chinese have longer attack duration and lower success rate in breaking the attack with solely medication or laser therapy. It has been proved that long attack duration is a risk factor for failed medical or laser therapies in subsiding APAC. Since prompt and effective treatment is pivotal in preserving visual function as well as avoiding APAC-induced blindness, direct trabeculectomy may largely benefit long-attacking patients with APAC in China.

Purpose

The Long-Attacking Acute Angle Closure study aims to compare long-term visual function and safety after different initial treatment strategies: direct surgery (trabeculectomy) or stepwise protocol for patients with APAC with attack duration longer than 72 hours.

Methods and analysis

This is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial targeting Chinese patients with APAC duration longer than 72 hours. Eligible participants will be identified at either emergency department or glaucoma clinics, then randomised into stepped treatment group or trabeculectomy group using a computer central randomisation service. The patients will be followed up for 1 year after initial treatment.

Main outcomes and measures

The primary outcome is logMAR BCVA 1 year post initial treatment. Secondary outcomes consist of complete success rate in breaking the attack, intraocular pressure value, mean deviation on Humphrey visual field testing and vision-related quality of life collected using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (25 items) 1 year post initial treatment.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2200057289.
Undernutrition and associated factors among incarcerated people in Bahir Dar and Finote Selam prison sites, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tarekegn Alemayehu , Alemayehu Mulunesh , Temesgen Habtamu , Derseh Hunegnaw Almaw , Tesfa Hiwot
Published: February 2025

Background

Prison is designed with punishment, correction and rehabilitation to the community in mind and these goals may conflict with the aims of healthcare. Incarcerated peoples’ dependency on the prison-limited food menu, inadequate meal provision and poor-quality food increases the risk of malnutrition.

Objective

To assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among incarcerated people, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.

Design

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Bahir Dar and Finote Selam prison sites, in Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

This study was conducted from 18 March 2019 to 18 April 2019. 475 systematically selected incarcerated people from each prison site were included in this study. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the associated factors.

Results

The magnitude of undernutrition among incarcerated people was 19.4%. Not getting family support (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.05, 95% CI=(1.56, 5.96)), not involving with income-generating activities (AOR=2.68, 95% CI=(1.33, 5.40)), diarrhoeal disease (AOR=4.60, 95% CI=(2.14, 9.87)), food allergy (AOR=2.83, 95% CI=(1.47, 5.45)) and chewing khat (AOR=2.93, 95% CI=(1.07, 7.99)) were shown to have a statistically significant association with undernutrition among incarcerated people.

Conclusion

The burden of undernutrition was high. Various factors contribute to undernutrition such as lack of family support, limited involvement in income-generating activities, diarrhoeal disease, food allergy and a history of chewing khat.
Women’s experiences of gender-based violence supports through an intersectional lens: a global scoping review
Authors: Essue Beverley M , Chadambuka Cyndirela , Perez-Brumer Amaya , Arruda-Caycho Isabel , Tocallino Danielle , Balasa Rebecca , Namyalo Prossy Kiddu , Ravanera Carmina , Kaplan Sarah
Published: February 2025

Objective

To apply an intersectional lens to explore how the interconnected social identities of women across global settings impact access experiences for gender-based violence (GBV) supports.

Design

A scoping review.

Data sources

We systematically searched seven databases to identify studies published in English from the database inception to January 2023.

Inclusion criteria

We included peer-reviewed studies with a primary objective of examining the access experiences of populations who self-identify as women (aged 15 years or older) who have experienced GBV, have intersecting identities (ie, racialisation, poverty, etc) that can further contribute to marginalisation and utilised or sought support services.

Methods

Two reviewers independently completed title/abstract, full-text screening and data charting. Integrating intersectionality theory and the McIntyre access framework, we analysed support service access and utilisation across social identities, axes of marginalisation and geographic contexts.

Results

210 papers (195 distinct studies) met the inclusion criteria. Most studies (60%) were published since 2015 and used qualitative methods (63%). Findings reflected intersectional differences in women’s experiences of accessing GBV services across contexts and lived experiences. Common findings indicate that seeking GBV support was motivated and enabled by informal supports and positive prior experiences in accessing services. However, findings highlight that structural and systemic constraints in existing support systems (in all study settings) impact access to necessary support services and their alignment with women's needs. Few studies examined health and non-health outcomes associated with unhindered access to care.

Conclusions

Women’s experiences with GBV support systems in different geopolitical contexts highlight barriers across axes of racialisation, poverty, multidimensional violence and other systemic factors, which are often eclipsed in generic one-size-fits-all models of support. This research can inform transformational policy development and tailored interventions to improve outcomes for all women who experience GBV and thus advance gender equality and equity goals.
Risk factors associated with degenerative glenohumeral osteoarthritis
Authors: Prakash Ravi , Pathak Rashmi , Chen Ziyi , Tai Daniel , BezanPetric Ursa , Rapp Estefanie Garduno , Atem Folefac D , Khazzam Michael S , Jain Nitin B
Published: February 2025

Objective

Glenohumeral (GH) osteoarthritis (OA) is the third most common large joint disease, after hip and knee OA. This study aimed to identify risk factors for GH OA.

Methods

We used data from the Dallas Shoulder cohort, including individuals aged 40–85. Those with confirmed GH OA based on X-ray were cases, and those without were controls. Univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate analyses identified risk factors, including age, body mass index (BMI), sex, work-related shoulder problems, shoulder disability, dislocation, previous trauma, surgery, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, depression, heart disease, OA, night pain and overall sleep quality.

Results

A total of 1827 cases and 1556 controls were identified for GH OA. In univariate analysis, significant associations with GH OA were found for increasing age (>40 to ≤50: OR 3.29, 95% CI 2.44 to 4.45; >50 to ≤60: OR 5.90, 95% CI 4.49 to 7.77; >60 to ≤70: OR 12.18, 95% CI 9.22 to 16.08 and >70: OR 16.54, 95% CI 12.47 to 21.94), higher BMI (≤19: OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.04; >25 to ≤30: OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.86; >30 to ≤35: OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.22 and >35: OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.45), prior shoulder injury (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.50), shoulder surgery history (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.87), shoulder pain at night (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.70) and hypertension (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.81). In multivariate analysis, significant associations remained for age (>40 to ≤50: OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.21 to 4.06; >50 to ≤60: OR 5.48, 95% CI 4.14 to 7.23; >60 to ≤70: OR 11.22, 95% CI 8.44 to 14.88 and >70: OR 16.65, 95% CI 12.45 to 22.17), BMI (≤19: OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.20; >25 to ≤30: OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.77; >30 to ≤35: OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.09 and >35: OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.55) and previous shoulder trauma (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.94).

Conclusion

We identified increasing age and higher BMI as factors associated with GH OA. Due to the large sample size, many risk factors were assessed. Since the shoulder is not a weight-bearing joint, the BMI-GH OA link is likely molecular and systemic, warranting further investigation.

Level of evidence

Prognostic level III.
Anticoagulants or antiplatelets for secondary prevention of cryptogenic stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chi Kuan-Yu , El Zarif Talal , Varrias Dimitrios , Lee Pei-Lun , Chang Yu-Cheng , Song Junmin , Osabutey Anita , Borkowski Pawel , Chiang Cho-Han , Chang Yu , Lin Yu-Shiuan , Nanna Michele , Nanna Michael G
Published: February 2025

Background

Patients with cryptogenic stroke or embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) face a high risk of recurrent ischaemic stroke, but the optimal antithrombotic strategy remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulants (OACs) versus antiplatelets in these populations, with a focus on subgroup effects by key clinical characteristics.

Methods

Six databases were searched through March 2024 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OACs and antiplatelets in patients with cryptogenic stroke or ESUS. The primary outcome was recurrent ischaemic stroke. Subgroup analyses evaluated treatment effects based on supracardiac atherosclerosis risk, presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and signs or risk factors for atrial cardiopathy. Meta-regression with interaction p values was employed to assess differences in treatment effects between subgroups.

Results

Nine RCTs comprising 15 451 participants were included. In the overall population, there was no significant difference in recurrent ischaemic stroke risk between OACs and antiplatelets (relative risk (RR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.02; I
2
=0%). Subgroup analyses showed that OACs reduced ischaemic stroke risk in patients with low-risk supracardiac atherosclerosis (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.80; I
2
=0%) compared with those with high-risk supracardiac atherosclerosis (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.06; I
2
=0%) and evidence of supracardiac atherosclerosis (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.53; I
2
=0%) (p interaction=0.0002). Similarly, OACs were more effective in patients with signs or risk factors for atrial cardiopathy (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.99; I
2
=0%) than in those without atrial cardiopathy (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.30; I
2
=0%) (p interaction=0.02). There was no significant interaction by PFO status (p interaction=0.28). While the risk of major bleeding risk was comparable between groups (RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.44; I
2
=65%), a significantly higher risk of major bleeding other than intracerebral haemorrhage was observed in patients taking OACs compared with antiplatelets (RR 1.69, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.43; I
2
=0%).

Conclusions

OACs are more effective than antiplatelets for preventing ischaemic stroke in patients who had a cryptogenic stroke or ESUS with low-risk supracardiac atherosclerosis or atrial cardiopathy. The findings highlight the need for personalised treatment strategies and further trials in these subgroups.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42024518903.
OMERACT GCA phantom project: validation of a 3D-printed ultrasound training phantom for diagnosis of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Schremmer Tobias , Dejaco Christian , Recker Florian , Aschwanden Markus , Boumans Dennis , Bruyn George A , Chrysidis Stavros , Daikeler Thomas , Nielsen Berit , De Miguel Eugenio , Diamantopoulos Andreas P , Dohn Uffe Moller , Duftner Christina , Germano Giuseppe , Haagsma Cees , Hartung Wolfgang , Hocevar Alojzija , Iagnocco Annamaria , Juche Aaron , Karakostas Pantelis , Karalilova Rositsa , Keller Kresten Krarup , Sarker Borsha , Smith Kate , Tischler Verena , Macchioni Pierluigi , Milchert Marcin , Monti Sara , Mukhtyar Chetan , Naredo Esperanza , Schmidt Wolfgang A , Seitz Luca , Terslev Lene , Wakefield Richard J , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian
Published: February 2025

Objective

Ultrasonography is crucial for diagnosing giant cell arteritis (GCA); however, training opportunities are rare. This study tested the reliability of ultrasonography findings and measurements of the intima-media thickness (IMT) among ultrasonography experts by using phantoms of the axillary (AA) and temporal arteries (TA) created with high-resolution 3D printing.

Methods

Twenty-eight participants from 12 European countries received eight sets of phantoms of the AA and the superficial TA (including common, frontal and parietal branches), which were examined in a blinded fashion according to a predefined protocol and evaluated based on Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) GCA ultrasound definitions. Due to difficulties with the delineation of the intima-media complex, the parietal branch of the phantoms was modified, and a second round was conducted. The IMT was measured, and phantoms were classified as normal or vasculitic.

Results

In both rounds, the phantoms were correctly classified as normal/abnormal in >81% of cases yielding a Fleiss’ kappa of 0.80 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.81) in round 1 and 0.74 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.75) in round 2. IMT measurements revealed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 1.1) of 0.98 (95% CI 0.98 to 0.99) in both rounds. Intrarater reliability was good with a median Cohens Kappa of 0.83 and median ICC of 0.78.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated high reliability among ultrasound experts in applying the OMERACT ultrasound definitions for GCA and in measuring the IMT using a 3D-printed phantom of the AA and TA. This phantom could assist clinicians in training to assess the large arteries of patients with suspected or established GCA.
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)ompA-subvariants of the Portuguese collection ofChlamydia trachomatis, 2007–2023
Authors: Lodhia Zohra , Cordeiro Dora , Correia Cristina , João Inês , Carreira Teresa , Nunes Alexandra , Ferreira Rita , Schäfer Sandra , Aliyeva Elzara , Portugal Clara , Monge Isabel , Gonçalves Elsa , Matos Susana , Dias Ana Paula , Corte-Real Rita , Vieira Luís , Gomes Joao Paulo , Borges Vítor , Jose Borrego Maria
Published: February 2025

Background

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection caused byChlamydia trachomatis ompA-genotypes L1–L3, with increasing numbers of detected cases across Europe. Here, we analysed diversity and temporal distribution of the LGVompA-subvariants detected in Portugal between 2007 and 2023, in order to better understand the dissemination and diversification landscape of LGV strains.

Methods

The collection of the Portuguese National Reference Laboratory includes 1188 LGVompA-genotyped samples between 2007 and 2023. In-depth analysis of the diversity of LGVompA-subvariants circulating in Portugal across the years was performed, identifying newly described subvariants and integrating this data in a comprehensive compilation with all representative LGVompA-subvariants described globally.

Results

L2ompA-variant (L2/434/Bu) was consistently the most frequently detected in our collection, with annual proportions ranging from 34.0% to 82.9%, between 2016 and 2023. L2bV5 was the second most frequent followed by L2b, ranging from 5.0% to 27.9% and 2.6% to 23.7% across the years, respectively, from 2017 to 2023. We highlighted the emergence and considerable increase in circulation of L1-likeompA-subvariants in recent years, representing 13.7% of LGV sequences in 2023. We also identified 13 novel LGVompA-subvariants that had not been described before, differing by up to three mutations from the respective genotype reference sequences.

Conclusions

This study contributes to the worldwide picture of the LGV molecular epidemiology, highlighting the importance of long-term molecular surveillance to monitor the circulation and geographical spread of LGV and to timely identify and track new strains, such as the recently emerging L1-likeompA-subvariants.
ACUTE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PERCEPTUAL RESPONSES TO THREE BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTED INTERVAL EXERCISE PROTOCOLS: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Chua Man Tong , Sim Alexiaa , Burns Stephen Francis
Published: February 2025

Blood flow restriction (BFR) may enhance the acute training stimulus of exercise. This study examined acute physiological and perceptual responses to three lower-limb BFR + interval exercise protocols. Twenty-four club/university male athletes (age 25 ± 3.5, VO2max 47.0 ± 5.5ml∙kg∙min-1) completed four experimental conditions in a randomised crossover manner: (i) high-intensity control (HI) – 100% maximal aerobic power (Wmax); (ii) high-intensity recovery occlusion (HIRO) – 100%Wmax, 80% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) during rest; (iii) moderate-intensity low occlusion (MILO) – 70%Wmax, 50%LOP during exercise; and (iv) moderate-intensity high occlusion (MIHO) – 70%Wmax, 80%LOP during exercise. All interval exercise protocols were three sets of five × 30-s cycling, 30-s unloaded active recovery with 3-min seated rest between sets. During recovery, HIRO condition indicated lower tissue saturation index, higher deoxyhaemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin and total haemoglobin levels than other conditions (all p < 0.05). HIRO exhibited significantly higher heart rate (HR) from set 2 and blood lactate (bLa) at 5-min post-exercise than other conditions (all p < 0.05). Higher vastus lateralis muscle activity was exhibited on the last exercise repetition of HIRO than HI (p < 0.05). MIHO elicited significantly higher deoxygenation, lower muscle activation but similar HR and bLa than HI during exercise; and higher perceived pain and exertion than other conditions (all p < 0.05). Applying BFR during rest between high-intensity interval exercise sets increases physiological stresses without affecting exercise intensity or perceptual responses; applying BFR during moderate-intensity exercise may increase both physiological and perceptual responses beyond those of high-intensity exercise.
Isovector properties of effective finite-range nuclear interactions
Authors: Davesne D. , Navarro J. , Pastore A. , Lallouet Y.
Published: February 2025

We discuss several properties of two families of finite-range interactions in infinite nuclear matter, aiming in particular to their isovector properties. We find that the recent parameterisations of both Gogny and Nakada provide a reasonable description of the properties of the infinite medium as well as an equation of state capable of sustaining a two solar mass neutron star. We also discuss the pairing properties in the spin-singlet channel for both families of interactions.
Inclusive photoproduction of vector quarkonium in ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC
Authors: Lansberg Jean-Philippe , Lynch Kate , Van Hulse Charlotte , McNulty Ronan
Published: February 2025

We explore the possibility of using ultra-periphe- ral proton-lead collisions at the LHC to study inclusive vector-quarkonium photoproduction, that occurs when a quasi-real photon emitted by a fully stripped lead ion breaks a proton to produce a vector quarkonium. Owing to the extremely large energies of the colliding hadrons circulating in the LHC, the range of accessible photon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies,

$$W_{\gamma p}$$

W

γ
p

, largely exceeds what has been and will be studied at lepton-hadron colliders, HERA and the EIC. We perform a tune to HERA photoproduction data, use this tune to predict the yields of photoproduced

$$J/\psi $$

J
/
ψ

, and estimate the corresponding transverse-momentum reach at LHC experiments. We also model the hadroproduction background and demonstrate that inclusive photoproduction can be isolated at the LHC from such background by imposing constraints on the hadronic activity in the lead-going direction at mid, forward, or far-forward rapidities depending on the capability of the detector under consideration. We find that the resulting cross sections are large enough to be measured by ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb. We estimate the background-to-signal ratio after isolation to be of the order of 0.001 and 0.1 in the low and large transverse-momentum regions, respectively. In addition, we propose and assess the Jacquet–Blondel method to reconstruct the photon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy and the fractional energy of the quarkonium with respect to the photon.
Overturning and cracking of stellar objects in modified $$f(R, \varphi )$$ gravity
Authors: Malik Adnan , Shafaq Attiya , Mofarreh Fatemah , Shamir M. Farasat , Albalawi Wedad
Published: February 2025

This study extends the concept of cracking to self-gravitating, spherically symmetric compact objects in modified

$$f(R, \varphi )$$

f
(
R
,
φ
)

theory of gravity, where R represents the Ricci scalar, and

$$\varphi $$

φ

is the scalar potential. In this regard, we consider spherically symmetric spacetime characterized with an anisotropic matter to detect the instabilities of self-gravitating compact objects via cracking and overturning. Further, we construct the general framework to observe the cracking and overturning points by applying the local density perturbation technique to the configuration governed by barotropic equation of state. The effectiveness of this approach is assessed by analyzing its results on the data of Her X-1, SAX J1808.4-3658, and 4U 1820-30 respectively. It is concluded that cracking points appear in the different interior regions of these three stars. Significantly, this study illustrates the effectiveness of the cracking approach by highlighting the regions sensitive to localized density disruptions, offering valuable insights into the structural behavior of compact stars within a modified gravity framework.
Analysis of the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing the Network Security Protection of Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Zhuang Yuan
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement and integration of renewable energy systems (RES) such as solar, wind, and hydropower have intensified the need for robust network security solutions to protect against emerging cyber vulnerabilities. These systems are increasingly interconnected with digital grids and IoT devices, heightening their exposure to cyber threats that, if exploited, could disrupt energy supply and lead to severe socio-economic repercussions. This paper proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven approach to enhance network security specifically for renewable energy (RE) infrastructures, targeting vulnerabilities that affect data integrity and operational stability. This research introduces an Adaptive Spider Wasp optimizer-mutated Extreme Gradient Boosting (ASW-XGBoost) model as a novel solution designed to improve detection accuracy and enhance resilience across diverse RE networks. The proposed method initiates the creation of a dataset representative of both power system behaviors and potential cyber-attacks, pre-processed using a normalization algorithm to improve data quality. Feature extraction leverages a scalable approach to identify critical indicators unique to RE environments. The ASW-XGBoost model combines the optimization advantages of adaptive spider wasp algorithms with the classification robustness of XGBoost, allowing precise identification of attack signatures even within fluctuating renewable power outputs. Performance evaluations, conducted in simulated power networks with high renewable penetration, demonstrate that ASW-XGBoost surpasses conventional methods in both detection rate and operational efficiency. The findings underscore the model’s capacity to adapt to dynamic, renewable-intensive environments, offering a more responsive solution to evolving cyber threats. This paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of AI-enhanced security protocols for the RE sector, highlighting ASW-XGBoost’s potential as a foundation for further research and application in sustainable energy cybersecurity.
Research on Electricity Anomaly Monitoring Based on Electricity Consumption Data Collection and Classification Modeling Methods
Authors: Xie Ruibiao , Zhou Dongxu , Yang Yuyao , Chen Shiqiang , Li Haobin
Published: February 2025

With the rapid expansion of power grids and increasing user demand, effectively identifying and monitoring abnormal electricity consumption have become crucial for ensuring grid stability and operational efficiency. Traditional anomaly detection methods often struggle with scalability and accuracy, particularly as the volume and density of electricity data grow. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a novel electricity anomaly monitoring framework that integrates real-time data acquisition and advanced classification modeling techniques. Our approach leverages a parallel classification algorithm designed to efficiently handle large datasets and detect anomalies with high accuracy. Key features of abnormal user data are extracted using information entropy, and electricity consumption data are continuously collected through a wireless network. The proposed method then preprocesses and classifies the data, applying a random forest model to detect anomalies and monitor usage patterns. Experimental results indicate that our approach significantly enhances both the accuracy and efficiency of electricity anomaly detection, demonstrating its robustness and potential for large-scale deployment in power grid systems.
Neurodynamics of Different Neurons Based on a Memristor with S-Type and N-Type Locally Active Domains
Authors: Lu Ruirui , Ying Jiajie , Min Fuhong , Wang Guangyi
Published: February 2025

To explore the implementation of different neurons using one type of Locally Active Memristor (LAM), this paper proposes a novel LAM model featuring two [Formula: see text]-type, two [Formula: see text]-type, and two [Formula: see text]-type Locally Active Domains (LADs). The local activity of the memristor is analyzed via the DC [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] plot. By employing the small-signal analysis method, the small-signal equivalent circuits for the memristor operating within each of the distinct LADs are constructed. By analyzing the inductive and capacitive properties of the memristor in different LADs, two second-order different neurons are constructed. According to the complexity theory, two third-order different neuronal circuits are built to analyze the action potential and possible abnormal neural signals (chaos). Based on the Edge of Chaos (EOC) theory and Hopf bifurcation theorem, the study demonstrates that action potentials and chaos occur near or in the EOC domains, thereby elucidating the underlying physical mechanisms of neuromorphic behavior. Finally, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) simulations are conducted to illustrate spike activities, self-sustained oscillations, and chaos within the second-order and third-order neuronal circuits. The outcomes of the simulated circuits are consistent with the theoretical analysis, thereby validating the proposed model.
Multifractal Invariant Measure of Coupled Chaotic Logistic Maps
Authors: Jalla Deepak , Kolwankar Kiran M.
Published: February 2025

Coupled logistic map systems have been used in a wide variety of fields including population dynamics, COVID detection, memristors, chemical physics, detection of natural resources such as oil and digital currency forecasting, to name a few. One phenomenon which is of considerable interest in coupled systems is synchronization and then the question of the critical coupling constant beyond which the system synchronizes. The usual method to estimate this coupling constant is via a linear stability analysis of the synchronization state which is local. It is necessary to develop global methods to study the synchronization transition and one possible way can be through the study of invariant measures. With this general aim, we study dissipatively coupled chaotic logistic map systems. The invariant measure of such a system of two coupled logistic maps is generated numerically in a regime where the transition to chaotic asynchronous state has taken place and is shown to have a multifractal nature. We have considered both types of systems in which the parameters of the logistic maps are identical as well as nonidentical. The invariant measure restricted to the synchronization manifold is then analyzed using the wavelet leaders algorithm preceded by fractional integration. The obtained multifractal spectrum is studied while varying the coupling strength. The results obtained are discussed.
A Quantitative Method for Analyzing Symmetry Breaking of the Attractor in a Perturbed Reflection Invariant System
Authors: Han Zhengqi , Han Songmei , Wang Weiping , Hu Weipeng , Qiao Zhijun
Published: February 2025

This paper discusses reflection invariant properties exist in some idealized mathematical systems without any external perturbations. This study is devoted to quantifying the symmetry breaking of the attractor for a three-dimensional perturbed reflection invariant system, which permits a further detailed investigation of the effect of the perturbation on the symmetry breaking. First, the attractor of a three-dimensional reflection invariant system with extremely tiny perturbation is reproduced employing the symplectic Runge–Kutta method. In the simulation of the attractor, the simulation results are validated by the tiny relative energy error in the conservative field. Subsequently, a general method for characterizing the degree of the symmetry breaking for the perturbed reflection invariant system is proposed, which is achieved by summing the quantized errors between the discrete points after the reflection transformation. This method may be beneficial for the design of complex encryption algorithms and pseudo-random number generators by controlling the perturbed strength to adjust the symmetry-breaking effect of the system. By means of the proposed quantitative method for the reflection invariant property, two important findings are reported. One is that, the strength and the action duration of the perturbation are the key factors affecting the reflection invariant property of the considered system. Another is that the symmetry breaking of the attractor for the perturbed reflection invariant system is irreversible.
PRR-FCM-Based Segmentation Model for Human Activity Recognition: A Hybrid Deep Learning Strategy
Authors: Tyagi Anshuman , Singh Pawan , Dev Harsh
Published: February 2025

Recognizing human activity is a challenging task in many applications like visual surveillance, Human–computer interaction, etc. Numerous machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) approaches are used to emulate the human behavior of everyday life, as they provide better recognition by learning complex features. This paper proposes an innovative human activity recognition framework with the following steps. Initially, the given video is converted into a set of frames and then applies median filtering to remove the noise for efficient recognition. Subsequently, the pixel-relatedness retrieval-fuzzy clustering means algorithm (PRR-FCM) approach is proposed for image segmentation, in which a pixel-relatedness retrieval strategy is used that considers only the proximity-related pixel for efficient segmentation. The retrieval of features is an important aspect, thereby this paper goes with the extraction of texture features, relative standard deviation induced in multi-texon (RSIMT), in which relative standard deviation is induced for interchanging the center pixel value. Also, the other features like the hierarchy of the skeleton and local binary pattern (LBP) are extracted from the segmented image. Further, the retrieved features are fed to the hybrid model that combines models like modified deep Maxout (MDM) and convolution neural network (CNN) models to recognize human activity efficiently. The modified exponential linear unit (ELU) activation function and Log loss function are the enhancing formulation of the MDM model to determine accurate recognition results.
Cucumis Melo L. Leaf Diseases Identification Using a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Lam Minh-Dung , Truong Quoc-Bao , Nguyen Chanh-Nghiem , Thanh Tan-Kiet Nguyen
Published: February 2025

The early detection of plant diseases by means of precise or automated detection techniques can improve the quality of food production and reduce economic losses. In this study, a deep convolutional neural network (Deep CNN) was devised to automatically and accurately identify leaf diseases in Cucumis Melo L. The deep CNN model used 1.776 sample images of healthy Cucumis Melo L. leaves and leaves infected with anthracnose, downy mildew, and powdery mildew for training and 198 random test images for the identification accuracy. We also conducted experiments comparing the identification results on our self-designed CNN model with three standard AlexNet, VGG16, and VGG19 models based on the same image dataset. The training experiment results with and without data augmentation while keeping the same parameters of the simulation showed that the accuracy of the self-designed CNN, AlexNet, VGG16, and VGG19 models were 93.58%, 90.26%, 92.86%, and 92.50%, respectively. The results confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed CNN model for automatic leaf disease detection in the smart farming of Cucumis Melo L.
Arctic Fold-and-Thrust Belts
Authors: Drachev Sergey S. , Khudoley Andrey K. , Klonowska Iwona , Majka Jaroslaw , Moore Thomas , Piepjohn Karsten , Prokopiev Andrei V.
Published: February 2025

The modern Arctic has been formed through a series of continent-continent collisions, accretion of terranes and phases of crustal extension. The Neoproterozoic Timanian, Paleozoic Caledonian and Uralian, and late Mesozoic Verkhoyansk-Kolyma, Chukotkan and Brookian orogenies formed several large fold-and-thrust belts (FTBs). The FTBs are exposed across vast areas of continents and continue offshore to form a complex tectonic basement for thick sedimentary basins, playing an important role in the history of accumulation and deformation of younger unmetamorphosed sedimentary successions that are the subject of this volume. Recognition of the importance of FTBs in the Arctic geological history and their role as a controlling factor of development of Arctic sedimentary basins resulted in this chapter, in which we review the current state-of-knowledge about Arctic FTBs and highlight questions that remain to be addressed. The Enclosure D, a Map showing boundaries of the FTB and their internal first-order structural fabric, is a part of the overview.
Together is better: knowledge-aware model with resume fusion for online job recommendation
Authors: Gu Xiao , Jian Ling , Rao Chongzhi , Bu Zhaohui , Cheng Xianggang
Published: February 2025

Widespread adoption of online recruitment platforms has led to explosive growth in employment information, resulting in an ever-increasing demand from job seekers for accurate and effective job recommendations. Existing studies on the Person-Job Fit models focus on the correlation between resumes and job descriptions, with rare consideration given to user historical behavior such as click and application. On the contrary, job recommendation methods always ignore the crucial information lurking in the resume text. In addition, the continuous influx of a vast amount of job data poses challenges to the updating of online recommendation results. To this end, we propose a novel
O
nline
J
ob
R
ecommendation model via
R
esume
F
usion (OJRRF) in this paper, aimed at making accurate and efficient online job recommendations with the merits of addressing job cold start and long tail problems. The key contribution lies in two facets: (1) incorporating resume text information into the knowledge graph attention framework to enhance job seekers’ vector representations jointly; (2) designing a hybrid recommender strategy by combining the knowledge-aware offline model with the content-based online model. Finally, we conducted extensive comparison experiments and online A/B test on the recruitment platform of JiuYeJie big data company to validate the effectiveness and real-time capability of OJRRF. The release code can be found in
https://github.com/urnotada/OJRRF
.
PAX8 Interacts with the SWI/SNF Complex at Enhancers to Drive Proliferation in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Sereti Kostianna , Russo Anna E. , Raisner Ryan , Ma Taylur P. , Gascoigne Karen E.
Published: February 2025

Activation of lineage-specific gene expression programs is mediated by the recruitment of lineage-specific transcription factors and their coactivators to chromatin. The lineage factor PAX8 drives essential gene expression in ovarian cancer cells and is required for tumor proliferation. However, the molecular details surrounding cofactor recruitment and specific activation of transcription by PAX8 remain unknown. Here, we identify an important functional interaction between PAX8 and the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex. We show that PAX8 can recruit SWI/SNF complexes to DNA, in which they function to open chromatin and facilitate the expression of PAX8 target genes. Genetic deletion of PAX8 results in loss of SWI/SNF from PAX8-bound enhancers, loss of expression of associated target genes, and reduced proliferation. These results can be phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of SWI/SNF ATPase activity. These data indicate that PAX8 mediates the expression of an essential ovarian cancer proliferative program in part by the recruitment of the SWI/SNF complex, highlighting a novel vulnerability in PAX8-dependent ovarian cancer.

Implications: PAX8 recruits SWI/SNF complexes to enhancers to mediate the expression of genes essential for ovarian cancer proliferation.
Supplementary Table S3 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S3. Population characteristics of the MI-ONCOSEQ ICB cohort.
Supplementary Figure S8 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure S8. UBA1 mediates JAK1 ubiquitination via STUB1.
Supplementary Table 2 from CTR-FAPI PET Enables Precision Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kong Ziren , Li Zhu , Cui Xi-Yang , Wang Jian , Xu Mengxin , Liu Yang , Chen Junyi , Ni Song , Zhang Zongmin , Fan Xiaowei , Huang Jiazhao , Lin Yansong , Sun Yuning , He Yuqin , Lin Xinfeng , Meng Tianyu , Li Han , Song Yixuan , Peng Boshizhang , An Changming , Gao Chenyan , Li Nan , Liu Chen , Zhu Yiming , Yang Zhi , Liu Zhibo , Liu Shaoyan
Published: February 2025

Detection rate of patients with calcitonin <500 pg/ml
Supplementary Figure S7 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure S7. UBA1 inactivation upregulates interferon signaling via stabilizing JAK1.
Figure 2 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

UBA1 promotes tumor growth by mediating immune escape. A, Immunoblot analysis assessing levels of the indicated proteins in the indicated cells transduced with empty vector or Uba1 overexpression (OE). B and C, Volumes (left) and weights (right) of subcutaneous tumors derived from Myc-CaP (B) or B16-BL6 (C) cells established in A, in FVB or C57BL/6 mice, respectively (n = 5 mice per group in B; n = 4 mice per group in C). D and E, Volumes (left) and weights (right) of subcutaneous tumors established with injection of the indicated Myc-CaP (D) or B16-BL6 (E) cells to SCID mice (n = 7 mice per group in D; n = 5 mice per group in E). F, Immunoblot analysis assessing levels of the indicated proteins in the indicated cells transfected with nontargeting sgRNA (control) or independent sgRNAs depleting Uba1 (sgUba1 #1 and sgUba1 #2). Quantification of intensity of UBA1 relative to the control is shown. G, Volumes of subcutaneous tumors derived from Myc-CaP (left) or B16-BL6 (right) cells established in F, in the indicated mice (n = 5–7 mice per group). H, Left: immunoblot analysis assessing Uba1 overexpression (OE) in Uba1-depleted Myc-CaP. Right: volumes of subcutaneous tumors derived from Myc-CaP cells established in Left, in FVB mice (n = 5 mice, per group). I, Volumes of subcutaneous tumors established with injection of control or Uba1-depleted Myc-CaP (left) or B16-BL6 (right) cells to the indicated mice, with or without simultaneous depletion of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells (n = 4–5, per group). Data are representative of two distinct sgRNAs. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistics were acquired by two-way ANOVA in B (left), C (left), D (left), and E (left), and G–I (n.s., not significant), or by the two-tailed Student’s t test in B (right), C (right), D (right), and E (right). Data in B, C, and G are representative of two independent experiments.
Supplementary Figures S1-S9 from Survivin Promotes Stem Cell Competence for Skin Cancer Initiation
Authors: Canato Sara , Sarate Rahul , Carvalho-Marques Sofia , Maia Soares Raquel , Song Yura , Monteiro-Ferreira Sara , Vieugué Pauline , Liagre Mélanie , Grossi Giancarlo , Cardoso Erik , Dubois Christine , Conway Edward M. , Schenone Silvia , Sánchez-Danés Adriana , Blanpain Cédric
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figures S1-S9
Supplementary Figure S4 from Copper Drives Remodeling of Metabolic State and Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bischoff Megan E. , Shamsaei Behrouz , Yang Juechen , Secic Dina , Vemuri Bhargav , Reisz Julie A. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Bartolacci Caterina , Adamczak Rafal , Schmidt Lucas , Wang Jiang , Martines Amelia , Venkat Jahnavi , Tcheuyap Vanina Toffessi , Biesiada Jacek , Behrmann Catherine A. , Vest Katherine E. , Brugarolas James , Scaglioni Pier Paolo , Plas David R. , Patra Krushna C. , Gulati Shuchi , Landero Figueroa Julio A. , Meller Jarek , Cunningham John T. , Czyzyk-Krzeska Maria F.
Published: February 2025

Glucose metabolism in CuHi and CuLo cells.
Table 4 from Age at First Full-term Pregnancy and Other Reproductive Factors Are Associated with Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Study in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Vandeloo Magda J. , Kellen Eliane , Fang Carolyn Y. , Ross Eric A. , Vancoillie Liesbeth , Bruckers Liesbeth M. , Neven Kristof Y. , Bijnens Esmée M. , Nawrot Tim S. , Van Ongeval Chantal
Published: February 2025

Results from the PROC NLIN model for the VBD.
Table 2 from Age at First Full-term Pregnancy and Other Reproductive Factors Are Associated with Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Study in Flanders, Belgium
Authors: Vandeloo Magda J. , Kellen Eliane , Fang Carolyn Y. , Ross Eric A. , Vancoillie Liesbeth , Bruckers Liesbeth M. , Neven Kristof Y. , Bijnens Esmée M. , Nawrot Tim S. , Van Ongeval Chantal
Published: February 2025

MBD characteristics. Stratification on age at FFTP was made based on the results of the NLIN procedure in SAS.