bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals the regulation mechanism of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway in insect resistance traits in Solanum habrochaites
Authors: Wang Meiliang , Wang Yudan , Li Xinzhi , Zhang Yao , Chen Xiuling , Liu Jiayin , Qiua Youwen , Wang Aoxue
Published: January 2024

Solanum habrochaites (SH), a wild species closely related to ‘Ailsa Craig’ (AC), is an important germplasm resource for modern tomato breeding. Trichomes, developed from epidermal cells, have a role in defense against insect attack, and their secretions are of non-negligible value. Here, we found that the glandular heads of type VI trichomes were clearly distinguishable between AC and SH under cryo-scanning electron microscopy, the difference indicating that SH could secrete more anti-insect metabolites than AC. Pest preference experiments showed that aphids and mites preferred to feed near AC compared with SH. Integration analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics data revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was an important secondary metabolic pathway in plants, and SH secreted larger amounts of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids than AC by upregulating the expression of relevant genes in this pathway, and this may contribute to the greater resistance of SH to phytophagous insects. Notably, virus-induced silencing of Sl4CLL6 not only decreased the expression of genes downstream of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway (SlHCT, SlCAD, and SlCHI), but also reduced resistance to mites in tomato. These findings provided new genetic resources for the synthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds and anti-insect breeding in S. habrochaites and a new theoretical basis for the improvement of important traits in cultivated tomato.
Is there an association between gender stereotypes and sexual risk attitudes and behaviors? A population-based study among Peruvian adolescents
Authors: Ticona Diana Manuela , Musaja-Cruz Ariana Gabriela , Durand-Anahua Paula Regina , Escobar-Cabezas Raul Eduardo , Mamani Luz Mirian , Lopez Crislee Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

Background

Adolescents, particularly those aged 14 to 15 y, often begin exploring their sexuality, during which time they are more vulnerable to traditional influences and ideologies imposed by society. This study aimed to identify the association between more traditional attitudes toward women and sexual risk attitudes and behaviors in Peruvian adolescents.

Materials and methods

Cross-sectional study with data from the fifth round of the Young Lives study with 1860 adolescents aged 14 and 15 y. Population characteristics were described by relative frequencies and using chi-squared test with p-value. The 12 items of the Attitudes toward Women Scale for Adolescents instrument were analyzed by relative frequencies and mean with standard deviation. For further analysis, the values of the global scores of all participants were divided into two categories, using the median as the cutoff point, where the group with higher scores indicated that these adolescents had more traditional attitudes (or more gender stereotypes). More traditional attitudes were associated with sexual risk attitudes and behaviors, with crude prevalence ratio (PR) and then adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with 95% CI. The Universidad Privada de Tacna’s ethics committee approved the research protocol.

Results

Adolescents with more traditional attitudes were more likely to have sexual risk attitudes compared to those with less traditional attitudes. In addition, adolescents with more traditional attitudes were 2.6 times more likely to have at least one sexual intercourse while drunk as compared to the reference group (95% CI: 1.43–4.74; p=0.002).

Conclusions

The expression of more traditional attitudes toward women was associated with sexual risk attitudes. However, there was no association with most of the sexual risk behaviors studied, except for the higher probability of having at least one sexual intercourse while drunk.
Aurora B promotes the CENP-T–CENP-W interaction to guide accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis
Authors: Liu Wei , Dou Zhen , Wang Chunyue , Zhao Gangyin , Wu Fengge , Wang Chunli , Aikhionbare Felix , Ye Mingliang , Sedzro Divine Mensah , Yang Zhenye , Fu Chuanhai , Wang Zhikai , Gao Xinjiao , Yao Xuebiao , Song Xiaoyu , Liu Xing
Published: January 2024

Accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis depends on kinetochores that connect centromeric chromatin to spindle microtubules. Centromeres are captured by individual microtubules via a kinetochore constitutive centromere-associated network (CCAN) during chromosome segregation. CCAN contains 16 subunits, including CENP-W and CENP-T. However, the molecular recognition and mitotic regulation of the CCAN assembly remain elusive. Here, we revealed that CENP-W binds to the histone fold domain and an uncharacterized N-terminal region of CENP-T. Aurora B phosphorylates CENP-W at threonine 60, which enhances the interaction between CENP-W and CENP-T to ensure robust metaphase chromosome alignment and accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis. These findings delineate a conserved signaling cascade that integrates protein phosphorylation with CCAN integrity for the maintenance of genomic stability.
Hot versus cold subduction initiation
Authors: Li Zhong-Hai
Published: January 2024

Initiation of a new subduction zone could act in two different ways, forming either a hot or cold incipient subduction channel with contrasting geological records.
Edward Sapir
Authors: Stanlaw James
Published: January 2024

Edward Sapir (b. 1884–d. 1939) is one of the most important figures in the history of American linguistics and anthropology before the Second World War. Both disciplines would likely be drastically different today had Sapir’s influence not been felt. He was recognized by his contemporaries as the finest Americanist (specialist on the languages of Native America) of his day. His investigations of Takelma, Paiute, Yana, and Wishram are definitive, and his work on other Native American languages—from Athabaskan to Uto-Aztecan—really have not been superseded. His work on phonetic transcription, and theoretical and practical phonemics, was seminal. His curiosity and wide-ranging explorations touched on almost all aspects of linguistics, and some of his ideas were quite prescient. For example, Sapir’s work on sound symbolism—largely neglected at the time (1929)—has recently received renewed attention. Sapir is also thought by anthropologists to be one of the discipline’s most original and profound theorists: He did groundbreaking work on culture and personality studies, cultural psychology, and the relationship between the individual and culture. He continues to be widely read. Together with Franz Boas—often said to be the father of American anthropology, and who instigated the field at the turn of the 20th century—Sapir insured that linguistics—especially how language relates to culture and thought—would be one of the new discipline’s four primary subfields. Indeed, debates on “linguistic relativity,” or the so-called Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis—the degrees and ways language may affect thought, experience, or perception—even today occupy the professional time of many in linguistics, anthropology, psychology, philosophy, and cognitive science. These issues are often contentious, and even have made their appearance in popular culture. Sapir was president of both the Linguistic Society of America (1933) and the American Anthropological Association (1938), an obvious indication of his stature in both fields.
The phase separation of extracellular matrix protein matrilin‐3 from cancer‐associated fibroblasts contributes to gastric cancer invasion
Authors: Huang Yuliang , Xu Xiaoyang , Lu Yunkun , Sun Qiang , Zhang Lu , Shao Jiaqi , Chen Dingwei , Chang Yongxia , Sun Xiaoxia , Zhuo Wei , Zhou Tianhua
Published: January 2024

Cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) has emerged as a key contributor to the remodeling of tumor microenvironment through the expression and secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, thereby promoting carcinogenesis. However, the precise contribution of ECM proteins from CAFs to gastric carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we find that matrilin‐3 (MATN3), an upregulated ECM protein associated with poorer prognosis in gastric cancer patients, originates from CAFs in gastric cancer tissues. Ectopic expression of MATN3 in CAFs significantly promotes the invasion of gastric cancer cells, which can be attenuated by neutralizing MATN3 with its antibody. Notably, a portion of MATN3 protein is found to form puncta in gastric cancer tissues ECM. MATN3 undergoes phase separation, which is mediated by its low complexity (LC) and coiled‐coil (CC) domains. Moreover, overexpression of MATN3 deleted with either LC or CC in CAFs is unable to promote the invasion of gastric cancer cells, suggesting that LC or CC domain is required for the effect of CAF‐secreted MATN3 in gastric cancer cell invasion. Additionally, orthotopic co‐injection of gastric cancer cells and CAFs expressing MATN3, but not its ΔLC and ΔCC mutants, leads to enhanced gastric cancer cell invasion in mouse models. Collectively, our works suggest that MATN3 is secreted by CAFs and undergoes phase separation, which promotes gastric cancer invasion.
α‐Catenin promotes dermal fibroblasts proliferation and migration during wound healing via FAK/YAP activation
Authors: Wang Nan , Xu Xiejun , Guan Fangqian , Zheng Yeyi , Shou Yanni , Xu Tianpeng , Shen Guoxiu , Chen Hui , Lin Yifan , Cong Weitao , Jin Litai , Zhu Zhongxin
Published: January 2024

Skin wound healing is a complex and organized biological process, and the dermal fibroblasts play a crucial role. α‐Catenin is known to be involved in regulating various cellular signals, and its role in wound healing remains unclear. Here, we have identified the pivotal role of the α‐catenin/FAK/YAP signaling axis in the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts, which contributes to the process of skin wound healing. Briefly, when α‐catenin was knocked down specifically in dermal fibroblasts, the wound healing rate is significantly delayed. Moreover, interfering with α‐catenin can impede the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the overexpression of α‐catenin upregulates the nuclear accumulation of YAP and transcription of downstream target genes, resulting in enhanced the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, the FAK Tyr397 phosphorylation inhibitor blocked the promoting effects of α‐catenin on YAP activation. Importantly, the continuous phosphorylation mutation of FAK Tyr397 reversed the retardatory effects of α‐catenin knockdown on wound healing, by increasing the vitality of fibroblasts. Likewise, α‐catenin/FAK was validated as a therapeutic target for wound healing in the db/db chronic trauma model. In summary, our findings have revealed a novel mechanism by which α‐catenin facilitates the function of fibroblasts through the activity of the FAK/YAP signaling axis. These findings define a promising therapeutic strategy for accelerating the wound healing process.
Neuronavigation-Guided Percutaneous Rhizotomies to Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Wu Felix Ho Won , Cheung Chi Wai , Leung Yiu Yan
Published: January 2024

Objective:

Neuronavigation improves intraoperative visualisation to the cranial structures, which is valuable in percutaneous surgical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) patients who are refractory to pharmacotherapy or reluctant to receive open surgery. The objective of this review is to evaluate the available neuronavigation-guided percutaneous surgical treatment modalities with cannulation of foramen ovale to TN, and their relative benefits and limitations.

Methods:

This review was conducted based on the PRISMA statement. An initial search was performed on electronic databases, followed by manual and reference searches. Study and patient characteristics, rhizotomy procedure and neuronavigation details, and treatment outcomes (initial pain relief and pain recurrence within 2 years, success rate of forman ovale cannulation, and complications) were evaluated. Risk of bias was assessed with a quality assessment based on the ROBINS-I tools.

Results:

Ten studies (491 operations, 403 subjects) were analysed. Three percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy modalities identified were radiofrequency thermocoagulation rhizotomy (RFTR), percutaneous balloon compression (PBC), glycerol rhizotomy. iCT/MRI RFTR had the highest initial pain relief rate of 97.0%. Success rate of FO cannulation ranged from 92.3% to 100% under neuronavigation. Facial hypoesthesia and masticatory muscle weakness were the most reported complications.

Discussion:

Neuronavigation-guided percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomies showed possible superior pain relief outcomes to that of conventional rhizotomies in TN, with the benefits of radiation reduction and lower complication development rates. Limitations of neuronavigation remain its high cost and limited availability. Higher-quality prospective studies and randomized clinical trials of neuronavigation-guided percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy were lacking.
Competing Tensions
Authors: Carew Maddison , Redley Bernice , Bloomer Melissa J.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Family-centered care is founded upon collaboration between parents and healthcare professionals, caring for a child and parents as one entity. The unfamiliar neonatal environment and complexity of care can make family-centered care challenging.

Purpose:

To explore neonatal nurses' perceptions of family-centered care and parents' cultural needs.

Methods:

This was a qualitative descriptive study using interviews to gather data from registered nurses, and analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Results:

Ten neonatal nurses participated in online interviews, lasting an average of 25 minutes. Parents' cultural needs were poorly understood and assumed synonymous with family-centered care. While all acknowledged the importance of family-centered care, most described tasks to parent–infant bonding, rather than a broader embodiment of family-centered care. In time of uncertainty, emergent clinical priorities took priority over a family-centered approach to care. Cultural care was poorly understood, and care tasks associated with supporting parent–infant bonding suggest further work is necessary to promote embodiment of family-centered care beyond individual tasks. While emergent clinical priorities and neonate well-being will always be the priority, finding a way to respond that concords with the ethos of family-centered care is also essential.

Implications for Practice and Research:

Clear and consistent leadership is needed to demonstrate greater embodiment of family-centered care, which includes cultural care for parents. Strong leadership and targeted education are key to supporting this change. Further research is warranted to examine and observe practice, in particular how parents' cultural needs are assessed and integrated into family-centered care in neonatal settings.
Clinical Impact of the Implementation Strategies Used to Apply the 2013 Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium or 2018 Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, Sleep Disruption Guideline Recommendations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hume Nicole E. , Zerfas Isabelle , Wong Adrian , Klein-Fedyshin Michele , Smithburger Pamela L. , Buckley Mitchell S. , Devlin John W. , Kane-Gill Sandra L.
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVES:

To summarize the effectiveness of implementation strategies for ICU execution of recommendations from the 2013 Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium (PAD) or 2018 PAD, Immobility, Sleep Disruption (PADIS) guidelines.

DATA SOURCES:

PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from January 2012 to August 2023. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020175268).

STUDY SELECTION:

Articles were included if: 1) design was randomized or cohort, 2) adult population evaluated, 3) employed recommendations from greater than or equal to two PAD/PADIS domains, and 4) evaluated greater than or equal to 1 of the following outcome(s): short-term mortality, delirium occurrence, mechanical ventilation (MV) duration, or ICU length of stay (LOS).

DATA EXTRACTION:

Two authors independently reviewed articles for eligibility, number of PAD/PADIS domains, quality according to National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute assessment tools, implementation strategy use (including Assess, prevent, and manage pain; Both SAT and SBT; Choice of analgesia and sedation; Delirium: assess, prevent, and manage; Early mobility and exercise; Family engagement and empowerment [ABCDEF] bundle) by Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) category, and clinical outcomes. Certainty of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

Among the 25 of 243 (10.3%) full-text articles included (n = 23,215 patients), risk of bias was high in 13 (52%). Most studies were cohort (n = 22, 88%). A median of 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 4–7) EPOC strategies were used to implement recommendations from two (IQR 2–3) PAD/PADIS domains. Cohort and randomized studies were pooled separately. In the cohort studies, use of EPOC strategies was not associated with a change in mortality (risk ratio [RR] 1.01; 95% CI, 0.9–1.12), or delirium (RR 0.92; 95% CI, 0.82–1.03), but was associated with a reduction in MV duration (weighted mean difference [WMD] –0.84 d; 95% CI, –1.25 to –0.43) and ICU LOS (WMD –0.77 d; 95% CI, –1.51 to 0.04). For randomized studies, EPOC strategy use was associated with reduced mortality and MV duration but not delirium or ICU LOS.

CONCLUSIONS:

Using multiple implementation strategies to adopt PAD/PADIS guideline recommendations may reduce mortality, duration of MV, and ICU LOS. Further prospective, controlled studies are needed to identify the most effective strategies to implement PAD/PADIS recommendations.
Bombarding Oligoprogression
Authors: Chou Brian , Lee Jae Han , Saetern Lonnie , Venkatesulu Bhanu Prasad , Welsh James S. , Harkenrider Matthew M.
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy (RT) to oligoprogressive metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:

This is a retrospective analysis of 23 patients with metastatic NSCLC on maintenance systemic therapy, developed oligoprogression (1 to 5 sites), and all oligoprogressive sites amenable to and treated with RT. The primary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and median time to start next-line therapy (MTT). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank testing were performed using R-Studio software.

Results:

Twenty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. The median overall survival for the entire cohort was 31.3 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 17.86 to 45.4). The median event-free survival for the entire cohort was 8.3 months (IQR: 2.7 to 12). Patients with no prior radiation had longer median event-free survival of 11.9 months (IQR: 8.4 to 18.2) compared with patients with a history of prior radiation at 4.1 months (IQR: 2.7 to 12; P = 0.041). The local control rate for the treated lesions was 97.5%. At 12 months follow-up, 6 (43%) of 14 living patients maintained systemic therapy without initiating next-line therapy. The median PFS for the entire cohort was 8.4 months (IQR: 4.1 to 17.5). Patients who did not receive prior radiation had longer median PFS of 11.9 months (IQR: 8.4 to 18.2) compared with patients who received prior radiation 6.2 months (IQR: 2.7 to 8.5; P = 0.018). Two patients (9%) had grade 3 chronic toxicity related to RT and were medically managed.

Conclusion:

We identified that in patients with oligoprogressive metastatic NSCLC, targeted RT to all progressive sites yielded high LC and favorable rates of PFS and MTT.
Identification of M2 Macrophage-Related Key Genes in Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaques by Network-Based Analysis
Authors: Yuan Yao , Wang Peng , Zhang Haigang , Liu Ya
Published: January 2024

Atherosclerotic plaque accounts for major adverse cardiovascular events because of its vulnerability. The classically activated macrophage (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) are implicated in the progression and regression of plaque, respectively. However, the therapeutic targets related to M2 macrophages still remain largely elusive. In this study, cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts and weighted gene coexpression network analysis algorithms were used to establish a weighted gene coexpression network for identifying M2 macrophage-related hub genes using GSE43292 data set. The results showed that genes were classified into 7 modules, with the blue module (Cor = 0.67, P = 3e−05) being the one that was most related to M2 macrophage infiltration in advanced plaques, and then 99 hub genes were identified from blue module. Meanwhile, 1289 differentially expressed genes were produced in GSE43292 data set. Subsequently, the intersection genes of hub genes and differentially expressed genes, including AKTIP, ASPN, FAM26E, RAB23, PLS3, and PLSCR4, were obtained by Venn diagrams and named as key genes. Further validation using data sets GSE100927 and GSE41571 showed that 6 key genes all downregulated in advanced and vulnerable plaques compared with early and stable plaque samples (|Log2 (fold change)| > 0.5, P < 0.05 or 0.001), respectively. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis indicated that the 6 key genes might have potential diagnostic value. The validation of key genes in the model in vitro and in vivo also demonstrated decreased mRNA expressions of AKTIP, ASPN, FAM26E, RAB23, PLS3, and PLSCR4 (P < 0.05 or 0.001). Collectively, we identified AKTIP, ASPN, FAM26E, RAB23, PLS3, and PLSCR4 as M2 macrophage-related key genes during atherosclerotic progression, proposing potential intervention targets for advanced atherosclerotic plaques.
Feasibility of Glaucoma Detection Programs for At-Risk Populations Using Existing Health Care Infrastructure
Authors: Girkin Christopher A. , Owsley Cynthia
Published: January 2024

Précis:

Targeted glaucoma screening strategies performed within retail care–based clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) uncover a high prevalence of glaucoma.

Objective:

To summarize the glaucoma detection and maintenance programs that utilize existing health care infrastructure to promote up-scalable programs.

Methods:

Health care infrastructure that already exists may facilitate glaucoma detection. This infrastructure includes retail-based optometry practices and FQHC. Persons who are at risk for glaucoma are disproportionately represented within the patient populations served by much of this infrastructure, thus suggesting that it could be useful for deploying glaucoma screening programs. Glaucoma screening within FQHCs reveals a very high prevalence of glaucoma and related disease in the patients seeking care at these facilities.

Results:

These telemetric-based care delivery programs have a high patient acceptance. A simulated telemedicine program modeled after a telemedicine program based in Walmart Vision Centers for the diagnosis of glaucoma indicated that there was moderate diagnostic agreement between an ophthalmologist’s telemedicine diagnosis and an ophthalmologist’s in-person diagnosis. There was also moderate agreement between an optometrist’s telemedicine diagnosis and the ophthalmologist’s in-person diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Telemetric care delivery programs that capitalize on existing infrastructure within a retail-based care setting or FQHCs may provide a promising setting to cost-effectively screen for glaucoma and other eye diseases that are potentially expandable nationwide.
Glaucoma Screening Guidelines Worldwide
Authors: Gunzenhauser Robert , Coleman Anne L.
Published: January 2024

Précis:

Recommendations for glaucoma screening vary significantly from organization to organization, and while worldwide screening is currently not recommended, there is support in many organizations for screening at-risk subgroups of the general population.

Objective:

To summarize and compare current glaucoma screening protocols of major national and international, governmental, and non-governmental organizations.

Methods:

A general review of the major medical, and more specifically ophthalmic, organizations within North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa was undertaken. Protocols from recent international and regional meetings were reviewed and summarized and a comparative analysis was employed to highlight differences between national and regional policies.

Results:

In general, it was found that worldwide screening for glaucoma is currently of limited clinical utility and unlikely to be cost-effective. However, a more targeted approach is recommended by some major organizations, including the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the Pan-American Association of Ophthalmology, and the International Council of Ophthalmology in conjunction with a group of prominent ophthalmologists based in Sub-Saharan Africa recommend a targeted approach to screening specific populations that are deemed to be at higher risk of developing glaucoma.

Conclusion:

General population screening for glaucoma has been adopted as a recommendation by only a few organizations and only in specific situations. It is the screening of high-risk populations that has been demonstrated to be not only clinically useful in diagnosing and treating larger proportions of the general population benefiting from a higher positive-predictive value for screening protocols in these groups but also cost-effective. Further research is needed to create cost-effective protocols to successfully screen these high-risk populations for glaucoma using methods that are sufficiently sensitive and specific.
Seeking a Relevant Description of Major Trauma Bleeding: Comparison of Four Major Bleeding Definitions
Authors: Day Darcy L. , Ng Karen , Severino Richard , Ng-Kamstra Josh
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

The traditional definition of massive transfusion is 10 red blood cell units transfused within 24 hr. This definition has been faulted for excluding patients who die early from exsanguination. Alternative major bleeding definitions in the trauma literature include time-based (e.g., Resuscitation Intensity) and event based (e.g., Sharpe) transfusion thresholds.

OBJECTIVE:

The study objective was to compare four definitions of major bleeding, including a modification to the Sharpe definition, on clinically relevant processes and outcomes.

METHODS:

This is a retrospective cohort study of adult trauma patients admitted from the field to a Level I trauma center from 2014 to 2019. Data sources were the trauma registry, blood bank, and electronic medical records. Transfusion thresholds were defined as follows: Resuscitation Intensity—4 units of any combination of crystalloids, colloids, or blood products within the first 30 min of arrival; Sharpe—10 red blood cell units from trauma bay presentation to inpatient admission (a proxy for the interval of hemorrhage control); Modified Sharpe—10 units of any combination of blood products during the same interval. The study analysis consisted of descriptive statistics.

RESULTS:

The cohort contained 187 subjects. Of 39 deaths, 28 (72%) occurred within 6 hr following arrival. Modified Sharpe captured 27 (96%) of these 28 subjects, whereas Resuscitation Intensity captured 20 (71%). Sharpe and the traditional definition each captured 22 subjects (79%). Modified Sharpe captured 17%–25% of deaths missed by the other definitions.

CONCLUSION:

Modified Sharpe may optimally indicate major bleeding during trauma resuscitation.
Navigation makes more accurate femur resection compared to conventional total knee arthroplasty in lateral femoral bowing greater than 5º
Authors: Nam Jun Ho , Jung Suk Han , Bae Jin Woo , Bae Dong Jin , Choi Won Kee
Published: January 2024

There are many disagreements about the merits of navigation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We compared and analyzed the difference in the accuracy of femoral resection according to the degree of lateral femoral bowing in 2 surgical methods (conventional and navigation-assisted TKA). A total of 238 (100 who underwent navigation TKA and 138 who underwent conventional TKA from 2016 to 2021) were included in this study. The surgeon first performed TKA as the main operator in 2016. Most of the TKAs were navigation-assisted between 2016 and 2018, and most of the TKAs were conventional between 2019 and 2021. For more accurate distal femoral cutting in patients with lateral femoral bowing, a preoperative scanogram was used to set up the insertion point of the IM rod in conventional TKA. Femoral lateral bowing was divided into 3 groups based on the angle. Group 1 was divided into groups with negative values, group 2 into mild bowing of 0° to 5°, and group 3 into groups with moderate bowing of ≥ 5°. The postoperative mechanical hip knee ankle angle and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) were aimed to be 0° and 90°. The allowable ranges of these values were set as 0° ± 3° and 90° ± 3°, respectively. The distribution of outliers of the mLDFA in the 3 groups divided according to lateral femoral bowing in the navigation-assisted group was not statistically significant difference (P = .59). On the other hand, the distribution of outliers of mLDFA was statistically significant difference in the conventional method group (P = .01). The odds ratio of the outlier occurrence of mLDFA in the conventional method was 2.50, which was statistically significant (P = .03). Also, when the lateral femoral bowing value was moderate; i.e., ≥5°, the odds ratio was 4.20, which was statistically significant (P = .003). In the case of navigation-assisted TKA, the accuracy of femur resection was consistent regardless of the degree of lateral femoral bowing. However, in conventional TKA, the outlier of femur resection increased as lateral femoral bowing increased. Especially, for patients with lateral femoral bowing >5°, navigation-assisted TKA allows for more accurate femur resection compared to conventional TKA.
First report of furmonertinib as a first-line treatment in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations after the kinase domain αC-helix: Two case reports and a literature review
Authors: Han Huan , Zhang Xiao , Liu Xiao , Zhao Jiuzhou , Zhang Jianbo , Zhang Jianwei , Zhu Hui , Jiao Shuyue , Tang Hong
Published: January 2024

Rationale:

Many studies have shown that first- and second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are less effective in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. The efficacy of third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors is still under investigation. Although new targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibody-based agents have made significant advances in the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion (EGFR ex20ins) mutation, the efficacy of these novel agents is not quite satisfactory. Platinum- and pemetrexed-based chemotherapy remains the standard first-line treatment for patients harboring EGFR ex20ins mutation.

Patient concerns:

We report for the first time 2 Chinese patients diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR ex20ins mutations after analysis of the αC-helix sequence by next-generation sequencing. Both patients were treated with furmonertinib as the first-line therapy.

Interventions:

The first case included a 38-year-old female who had an EGFR ex20ins mutation (p.S768_D770dupSVD). After 1 month of treatment with furmonertinib, her symptoms of pain and cough were significantly alleviated. She achieved a partial response according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors.[1] The final progression-free survival was 8.13 months. The second case included a 40-year-old male who had an EGFR ex20ins mutation (p.N771_P772insVal). He had a good response to furmonertinib and exhibited stable disease according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors with a progression-free survival of 10.90 months.

Outcomes:

Both patients experienced significant improvement in symptoms and prolonged survival after furmonertinib was used as first-line treatment. Side effects were limited but manageable.

Conclusion:

The present study indicates that furmonertinib may be a first-line treatment option for patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR ex20ins mutation.
Ocular parameters and anthropometry in Indo-Trinidadians
Authors: Ezinne Ngozika E. , Roodal Denielle , Ekemiri Kingsley K. , Persad Tamara , Mashige Khathutshelo P.
Published: January 2024

To assess ocular parameters and their association with anthropometric measurements in Indo-Trinidadians adults. This was a clinical, descriptive, cross-sectional study of ocular parameters and anthropometry in adults Trinidadians of South Asian descent (Indo-Trinidadian). Ocular parameters were measured using optical coherence tomography, intraocular lens master biometer, and an autorefractor. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were measured by anthropometry. Univariable and multivariable linear regressions were used to determine the association between demographic variables, anthropometric and ocular parameters. A total of 149 participants (298 eyes) comprising of 90 females (60.6%) and 59 males (39.4%). Aged 18 to 67 participated in the study. Males were taller, heavier, and had longer axial lengths than females which were statistically significant (P < .05). Age was negatively correlated with central corneal thickness (CCT) (r = −0.353, P = .044) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (r = −0.348, P = .047) but positively correlated with lens thickness (R = 0.881, P < .001). Education level was positively associated with CCT (R = 0.408, P = .018) but negatively associated with lens thickness (r = −0.521, P = .002). Weight was negatively correlated with corneal topography (r = −0.427, P = .013). Height was negatively correlated with cup-to-disc ratio (r = −0.410, P = .018), CCT (r = −0.382, P = .028), and corneal topography (r = −0.453, P = .008). There was no correlation between BMI, ocular parameters and CCT. There was a significant difference in the ocular parameters between males and females of South Asian descent in Trinidad and Tobago. Weight was negatively associated with the corneal topography. Height was negatively associated with the cup-to-disc ratio, central corneal thickness, and corneal topography. BMI had no statistically significant association with the ocular parameters investigated.
Correlation between serum thyroid stimulating hormone level and glycolipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Chen Zhongyu , Jing Shui , Sun Yanyan
Published: January 2024

To investigate the correlation between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and glycolipid metabolism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). From January 2021 to November 2022, 105 patients with PCOS were selected for this retrospective study. All patients were administered drug-induced ovulation treatment and were divided into 2 groups according to ovulation status. There were 67 and 38 patients in the ovulation and non-ovulation groups, respectively. Venous blood (5 mL) was collected on the day after admission from the non-ovulation group and on the day of physical examination from the ovulation group. Several indicators were measured, including TSH, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), and transferrin (TF). Weight, BMI, waistline, and hipline in the non-ovulation group were significantly higher than those in the ovulation group (P < .05). There were no significant differences in glycosylated hemoglobin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels between the non-ovulation and ovulation groups (P > .05). Compared with the ovulation group, the levels of TSH, FPG, TC, and TG in the non-ovulation group were significantly higher (P < .05). Serum ALB, PA, and TF the non-ovulation group were significantly higher than those in the ovulation group (P < .05). Correlation analysis showed that TSH was negatively correlated with weight, BMI, waistline, hipline, waist-hip ratio, FPG, ALB, PA, and TF in the non-ovulation group (P < .05) and had no significant correlation with TC and TG (P > .05). Our findings demonstrate TSH levels may be associated with weight, BMI, waistline, hipline, waist-hip ratio, FPG, ALB, PA, and TF in patients with PCOS.
Identification of potential crosstalk genes and mechanisms between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy through bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Lu Huijuan , Sun Jia , Sun Jieqiong
Published: January 2024

Periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy are significant public health concerns globally and are closely related with each other. This study aimed to identify potential crosstalk genes, pathways, and mechanisms associated with the interaction between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy. Expression profiles of periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy were retrieved from the Gene expression omnibus gene expression omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, followed by identification of co-expressed differential genes. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using R software. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed via STRING website, and key crosstalk genes were selected using Cytoscape. Subsequent gene ontology and KEGG analyses were conducted for the key genes, and a validation dataset was obtained from the gene expression omnibus database for differential gene validation. The TRRUST website was employed to identify transcription factors (TFs) associated with the key crosstalk genes between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy, followed by differential analysis of TFs. A total of 17 crosstalk genes were obtained. Among them, SAMSN1, BCL2A1, interleukin-19, IL1B, RGS1, CXCL3, CCR1, CXCR4, CXCL1, and PTGS2 were identified as key crosstalk genes between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, 16 key TFs were discovered. This bioinformatic analysis revealed potential crosstalk genes between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy. The identified key genes participate in signaling pathways, including cytokine signaling and chemokine signaling transduction, which might collectively influence these 2 diseases. These genes may serve as potential biomarkers guiding future research in this field.
Mental health of junior college students in China during COVID-19 school lockdown: Findings of on-line cross-sectional survey
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Jing , Chen Jiu , Chen Qian , Wang Junxia , Wang Maoxue , Ma Shouliang , Zhang Bing , Hu Wenxia
Published: January 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, junior students who had recently entered university may have experienced particular difficulties. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of anxiety, depression, and sleep status among junior college students during school closure. Junior college students from 3colleges in Anhui Province participated in this study from 6th to 20th April, 2022. The students’ data were collected using a designed online questionnaire developed on the “Wen juan xing” website and submitted via cell phone. Ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that female sex was an independent risk factor for increased anxiety, depression, and insomnia (anxiety: OR 1.503, 95% CI 1.191–1.897; depression: OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.023–1.270; ISI OR 2.052, 95% CI 1.646–2.559). Notably, medical specialty was an independent risk factor for depression and anxiety (anxiety: OR 1.367, 95% CI 1.078–1.734; depression: OR 1.289, 95% CI 1.148–1.448). Moreover, being a freshman was a risk factor for increased depression and insomnia (depression: OR 1.036,95% CI 0.931–1.153; insomnia: (OR 1.157,95% CI 0.961–1.394). The findings indicate that a considerable portion of junior college students experienced psychological problems due to lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparison of the antiemetic efficacy of a combination of midazolam with ramosetron and midazolam with palonosetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Lim Jung A , Jo Sungbin , Choi Eun Kyung
Published: January 2024

Background:

A multimodal therapeutic strategy for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) benefits moderate- and high-risk surgical patients. We compared the efficacy of a combination of midazolam and ramosetron and a combination of midazolam and palonosetron for PONV prophylaxis in patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods:

We enrolled 68 patients aged 20 to 65 years undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were randomly allocated to the midazolam 0.05 mg/kg with ramosetron 0.3 mg (MR) or midazolam 0.05 mg/kg with palonosetron 0.075 mg (MP) groups. The incidence of PONV, severity of nausea, use of rescue antiemetics, and pain severity were evaluated at 2, 24, and 48 hours after surgery.

Results:

The incidence (38.2% vs 5.9%) and severity of postoperative nausea were significantly lower in the MP group at 2 hours after surgery (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of vomiting, use of rescue antiemetics, or pain severity between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

The combination of midazolam with palonosetron significantly decreased the incidence and severity of postoperative nausea compared with midazolam combined with ramosetron, especially in the early postoperative phase (0–2 hours) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Pancancer analysis reveals the role of disulfidptosis in predicting prognosis, immune infiltration and immunotherapy response in tumors
Authors: Huang Juntao , Xu Ziqian , Chen Dahua , Zhou Chongchang , Shen Yi
Published: January 2024

Disulfidptosis has been reported as a novel cell death process, suggesting a therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, we constructed a multiomics data analysis to reveal the effects of disulfidptosis in tumors. Data for 33 kinds of tumors were downloaded from UCSC Xene, and disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) were selected from a previous study. After finishing processing data by the R packages, the expression and coexpression of DRGs in different tumors were assessed as well as copy number variations. The interaction network was drawn by STRING, and the activity of disulfidptosis was compared to the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm. Subsequently, the differences in DRGs for prognosis and clinicopathological features were evaluated, and the tumor immune microenvironment was assessed by the TIMER and TISCH databases. Tumor mutation burden, stem cell features and microsatellite instability were applied to predict drug resistance, and the expression of checkpoints was identified for the prediction of immunotherapy. Moreover, the TCIA, CellMiner and Enrichr databases were also utilized for selecting potential agents. Ten DRGs were differentially expressed in tumors, and the plots of coexpression and interaction revealed their correlation. Survival analysis suggested SLC7A11 as the most prognosis-related DRG with the most significant results. Additionally, the comparison also reflected the differences in DRGs in the status of pathologic lymph node metastasis for 5 types of tumors. The tumor immune microenvironment showed commonality among tumors based on immune infiltration and single-cell sequencing, and the analysis of tumor mutation burden, stemness and microsatellite instability showed a mostly positive correlation with DRGs. Moreover, referring to the prediction about clinical treatment, most DRGs can enhance sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents but decrease the response to immune inhibitors with increasing expression. In this study, a primarily synthetic landscape of disulfidptosis in tumors was established and provided guidance for further exploration and investigation.
Association of 20-Year Longitudinal Depressive Symptoms With Left Ventricular Geometry Outcomes in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study: A Role for Androgens?
Authors: Colangelo Laura A. , Carroll Allison J. , Perak Amanda M. , Gidding Samuel S. , Lima Joao A.C. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Depression is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a potent predictor of coronary heart disease events. Whether depression is associated with LVH has received limited investigation. This study assessed cross-sectional and 20-year longitudinal associations of depressive symptoms with LVH outcomes after accounting for important known confounders.

Methods

From 5115 participants enrolled in 1985–1986 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, 2533 had serial measures of depressive symptoms and subsequent echocardiography to measure normal LV geometry, concentric remodeling, and LVH. The primary exposure variable was trajectories of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale score from 1990–1991 to 2010–2011. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression was used to assess associations of trajectories with a composite LV geometry outcome created using echocardiogram data measured in 2010–2011 and 2015–2016. Sex-specific conflicting results led to exploratory models that examined potential importance of testosterone and sex hormone–binding globulin.

Results

Overall CES-D and Somatic subscale trajectories had significant associations with LVH for female participants only. Odds ratios for the subthreshold (mean CES-D ≈ 14) and stable (mean CES-D ≈ 19) groups were 1.49 (95% confidence interval = 1.05–2.13) and 1.88 (95% confidence interval = 1.16–3.04), respectively. For female participants, sex hormone–binding globulin was inversely associated with LVH, and for male participants, bioavailable testosterone was positively associated with concentric geometry.

Conclusions

Findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models for female participants, but not male ones, and particularly for Somatic subscale trajectories suggested a plausible link among depression, androgens, and LVH. The role of androgens to the depression-LVH relation requires additional investigation in future studies.