bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prognostic Impact of Macroscopic Serosal Change on Resectable Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yura Masahiro , Yoshikawa Takaki , Wada Takeyuki , Otsuki Sho , Hayashi Tsutomu , Yamagata Yukinori , Katai Hitoshi , Nishida Toshirou
Published: May 2021

Background: Advanced gastric cancer sometimes causes macroscopic serosal change (MSC) due to direct invasion or inflammation. However, the prognostic significance of MSC remains unclear.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 1410 patients who had been diagnosed with deeper-than-pathological-T2 gastric cancer and undergone R0 gastrectomy with lymph node dissection between January 2000 and December 2012 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. Results: MSC was not found in 108 of the 506 patients with pathological T4a (21.3%), whereas it was detected in 250 of the 904 patients with pathological T2-T3 (27.7%). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing pathological serosa exposed (SE) by MSC were 78.7%, 72.3% and 74.6%, respectively. The MSC-positive cases had a worse 5-year overall survival (OS) than the MSC-negative cases in pT3 (72.9% vs. 84.3%, p=0.001), pT4a (56.2% vs. 73.4%, p=0.001), pStageIIB (76.0% vs. 88.4%, p=0.005), pStageIIIA (63.4% vs. 75.6%, p=0.019), pStageIIIB (53.6% vs. 69.2%, p=0.029) and pStage IIIC (27.6% vs. 50.0%, p=0.062). A multivariate analysis showed that MSC was a significant independent predictor for the OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.587) along with the tumor depth (HR, 7.742), nodal status (HR, 5.783) and age (HR, 2.382). Peritoneal recurrence rates were higher in the MSC-positive cases than in the MSC-negative cases at each pT stage.Conclusions: MSC was an important prognostic factor in patients with resectable locally advanced gastric cancer. MSC should be considered when predicting the patient prognosis.
Analysis of the Related Risk Factors of Inguinal Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Penile Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: jia yatao , Zhao Hongwei , Hao Yun , Zhu Jiang , Li Yingyi , Wang Yanbo
Published: May 2021

Background: To determine independent predictors of inguinal lymph node(ILN) metastasis in patients with penile-cancer.Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients with penile-cancer undergoing surgery at our medical center in ten years(N=157). Using univariate and multivariate logistic-regression models, we assessed associations between the following factors: age, medical-history, phimosis, onset-time, number and maximum diameter of involved ILNs, pathological T stage, degree of tumor differentiation and/or cornification, lymphatic vascular infiltration(LVI), nerve infiltration, and ILN metastases. Interaction and stratified analyses were then used to assess age, phimosis, onset-time, number of ILNs, cornification, and nerve infiltration.Results: Ultimately, 110 patients were included. Multiple logistic-regression analysis showed that the following factors were significantly correlated with ILN metastasis: maximum diameter of enlarged ILNs, T stage, pathological differentiation, and LVI. Among patients with a maximum ILN diameter of ≥1.5 cm, 50%(19/38) had LNM(HR=2.3, 95%CI: 1.0–5.1), whereas only 30.6%(22/72) of patients with a maximum ILN diameter <1.5 cm showed LNM. Among 44 patients with stage Ta/T1, 10(22.7%) showed ILN metastases, while 31 of 66(47.0%) patients with stage T2 showed ILN metastases(HR=3.0, 95%CI: 1.3–7.1). Among 40 patients with highly differentiated penile-cancer, eight(20%) showed ILN metastasis, while 33 of 70(47.1%) patients with low-to-middle differentiation showed ILN metastases(HR=3.6, 95%CI: 1.4–8.8). In the LVI-free group, the rate of LNM was 33.3%(32/96), whereas it was 64.3%(9/14) in the LVI group(HR=3.6, 95%CI: 1.1–11.6). Conclusion: Our single-center results suggested that maximum ILN diameter, pathological T stage, pathological differentiation, and LVI were independent risk factors for ILN metastases.
Novel Meso-substituted Porphyrin Derivatives and its Potential use in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Vallecorsa Pablo , Venosa Gabriela Di , Ballatore M. Belén , Ferreyra Dario , Mamone Leandro , Sáenz Daniel , Calvo Gustavo , Durantini Edgardo , Casas Adriana
Published: May 2021

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an anticancer treatment that utilizes the interaction of light and a photosensitiser (PS), promoting tumour cell death mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro photoactivity of four meso-substituted porphyrins and a porphyrin coupled to a fullerene. Methods: The cell line employed was the LM3 mammary adenocarcinoma, and the PS with the best photokilling activity was administered to mice bearing the LM3 subcutaneously implanted adenocarcinoma. The TEMCP4+ porphyrin and its analogue TEMCC4+ chlorine contain four identical carbazoyl substituents at the meso positions of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle and have A4 symmetry. The TAPP derivative also has A4 symmetry, and it is substituted at the meso positions by aminopropoxy groups. The DAPP molecule has ABAB symmetry with aminopropoxy and the trifluoromethyl substituents in trans positions. The TCP-C604+ dyad is formed by a porphyrin unit covalently attached to the fullerene C60.Results: The PSs are taken up by the cells with the following efficiency: TAPP> TEMCP4+= TEMCC4+> DAPP >TCP-C604+, and the amount of intracellular PS correlates fairly with the photodamage degree, but also the quantum yields of singlet oxygen influence the PDT outcome. TAPP, DAPP, TEMCC4+ and TEMCP4+ exhibit high photoactivity against LM3 mammary carcinoma cells, being TAPP the most active. After topical application of TAPP on the skin of mice bearing LM3 tumours, the molecule is localized mainly in the stratum corneum, and at a lower extent in hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Systemic administration of TAPP produces a tumour: normal skin ratio of 31.4, and high accumulation in intestine and lung.Conclusion: The results suggest a potential use of topical TAPP for the treatment of actinic keratosis and skin adnexal neoplasms. In addition, selectivity for tumour tissue after systemic administration highlights the selectivity of and potentiality of TAPP as a new PS.
Hydrochemical peculiarities and groundwater quality assessment of the Birimian and Tarkwaian aquifer systems in Bosome Freho District and Bekwai Municipality of the Ashanti Region, Ghana
Authors: Okofo Louis Boansi , Anderson Nana Akyerefi , Bedu-Addo Kenneth , Armoo Ekua Afrakoma
Published: May 2021

The Birimian and Tarkwaian aquifer systems are the main sources of water supply for the Bosome Freho District and Bekwai Municipality inhabitants in the Ashanti region of Ghana. A hydrogeochemical assessment was carried out to ascertain the natural baseline chemistry of the groundwaters and the factors influencing groundwater chemistry in these two areas. A multivariate statistical tool consisting of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) together with hydrochemical graphical plots was applied on 64 groundwater samples. The Q–mode HCA results were used to explain the groundwater quality flow paths where three spatial groundwater zones and water types were delineated. The first type consists of Ca–Mg–HCO3 freshwater (recharge zone), which transitions into Ca–Na–HCO3 or Na–Ca–HCO3 mixed waters (intermediate zone) and finally evolve to the third type of Na–Ca–Mg–HCO3–Cl water (discharge zone). The study also reveals that the natural process influencing water chemistry is groundwater–rock interaction from carbonate and silicate weathering/dissolution, aided by carbonic acid from precipitation and releases concentration of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- into the groundwaters significantly. The chloro-alkaline indices also reveal cation exchange as the principal natural factors that control groundwater chemistry in the area. Anthropogenic activities have little influence on groundwater chemistry. The quality of groundwater in the Bosome Freho District and Bekwai Municipality are suitable for irrigational use and drinking water consumption. The results obtained so far will contribute to research paucity in the study area and serve as a guide for decision-makers for improved water resources management.
Inflammatory Signature in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Includes Increased Expression of Neutrophil Specific Genes ELANE, MPO and CD177 Running Title: Neutrophil Transcriptomics in ACLF
Authors: Acharya Pragyan , Saha Rohini , Shalimar  , Das Prasenjit , Mishra Priyanka , Singh Rohan , Pradhan Sai Sanwid , Sivaramakrishnan Venketesh
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims: Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) is associated with innate immune dysfunction and high short-term mortality. Neutrophils have been identified to influence prognosis in ACLF. Neutrophil biology is under-evaluated in ACLF. Therefore, we investigated neutrophil-specific genes and their association with ACLF outcomes.Methods: This is an observational study. Enriched polymorphonuclear cells, containing neutrophils, isolated from study participants in three groups- ACLF(n=10), chronic liver disease (CLD, n=5) and healthy controls (HC, n=4), were analysed by microarray. Differentially expressed genes were identified and validated by qRT-PCR in an independent cohort of ACLF, CLD and HC (n=30, 15 and 15 respectively). The association of confirmed overexpressed genes with ACLF 28-day non-survivors was investigated. The protein expression of selected neutrophil genes was confirmed using flow cytometry and IHC. Results: Differential gene expression analysis showed 1140 downregulated and 928 upregulated genes for ACLF vs CLD and 2086 downregulated and 1091 upregulated genes for ACLF vs HC. Significant upregulation of neutrophilic inflammatory signatures were found in ACLF compared to CLD and HC. Neutrophil-specific genes ELANE, MPO and CD177 were highly upregulated in ACLF and their expression was higher in ACLF 28-day non-survivors. Elevated expression of CD177 protein on neutrophil surface in ACLF was confirmed by flow cytometry. IHC analysis in archival post mortem liver biopsies showed the presence of CD177+ neutrophils in the liver tissue of ACLF patients. Conclusions: Neutrophil-specific genes ELANE, MPO and CD177 are highly overexpressed in ACLF neutrophils as compared to CLD or HC. Further, these genes are highly overexpressed in ACLF 28-day non-survivors.
Time Dilation and the Equivalence of Inertial Frames
Authors: Iyer Chandru , Prabhu G. M.
Published: May 2021

It is well known that simultaneity within an inertial frame is defined in relativity theory by a convention or definition. This definition leads to different simultaneities across inertial frames and the well-known principle of relativity of simultaneity. The lack of a universal present implies the existence of past, present and future as a collection of events on a four dimensional manifold or continuum wherein three dimensions are space like and one dimension is time like. However, such a continuum precludes the possibility of evolution of future from the present as all events exist ‘forever’ so to speak on the continuum with the tenses past, present and future merely being perceptions of different inertial frames. Such a far-reaching ontological concept, created by a mere convention, is yet to gain full acceptance. In this paper, we present arguments in favour of an absolute present, which means simultaneous events are simultaneous in all inertial frames, and subscribe to evolution of future from the present.
Evans syndrome in a pediatric liver transplant recipient with an autoantibody with apparent specificity for the KEL4 (Kpb) antigen
Authors: Koepsell S.A. , Burright-Hittner K. , Landmark J.D.
Published: May 2021

Although most warm red blood cell (RBC) autoantibodies react broadly with panel cells in addition to the patient’s own RBCs, occasionally an autoantibody with specificity for a specific blood group antigen is encountered. Rare cases of warm autoantibodies with specificity for the Kpb antigen of the Kell blood group system have been described. We report a pediatric transplant recipient with anemia, immune-mediated hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and a warm autoantibody with apparent anti-Kpb specificity. The patient’s autoimmune anemia and thrombocytopenia responded well to discontinuing the immunosuppressant tacrolimus, transfusions with Kp(b–) RBCs, and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, with disappearance of the pathologic antibody. During the autoimmune hemolysis, the patient’s RBCs did not react with antisera specific for Kpb. However, repeat testing of the patient’s RBCs with Kpb-specific antisera 15 months after the resolution of hemolysis showed reactivity, indicating that the RBC autoantibody was associated with a transient disappearance of the Kpb antigen.
Immunohematology

2014;30:14–17.
Demonstration of IgG subclass (IgG1 and IgG3) in patients with positive direct antiglobulin tests
Authors: Singh A. , Solanki A. , Chaudhary R.
Published: May 2021

Serologic characterization of autoantibodies helps in the management and monitoring of the course of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate gel centrifugation test (GCT) cards for immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and determination of IgG subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 and their influence on hemolysis. Eighty direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-positive patients were examined with the help of GCT cards for IgG titer and IgG subclasses. The results were correlated with the presence and absence of hemolysis. A statistically significant (p < 0.005) association of hemolysis with increasing anti-IgG titer was observed. When IgG titer was 30 or less, 28 (50.91%) patients had no hemolysis, whereas 15 (93.75%) patients had features of hemolysis when titer was at least 300. Statistically significant (p < 0.005) association of subclass of IgG (IgG1, IgG3) coating the red blood cells with intravascular hemolysis was also seen. Twenty-nine (80.56%) patients had evidence of hemolysis when IgG1 or IgG1-IgG3 both were present. Gel technology is helpful to demonstrate red blood cell–bound autoantibodies and their characterization with regard to class, subclass, and titer. This information is useful to identify patients with AIHA who are at risk of severe hemolysis with adverse prognosis.
Immunohematology

2014;30:24–27.
Diagnostic pitfalls of drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Salama A. , Mayer B.
Published: May 2021

Immune hemolytic anemia (IHA) is a rare complication of drug administration. However, its true incidence remains obscure, as there are a number of factors that may lead to misdiagnosis. The clinical and serologic pictures are variable, and there is a great deal of unawareness that certain drugs can cause IHA. Furthermore, serologic results can be easily misinterpreted, resulting in a wrong diagnosis.
Immunohematology

2014;30:80–84.
Cryopreservation of red blood cell units with a modified method of glycerolization and deglycerolization with the ACP 215 device complies with American and European requirements
Authors: List J. , Horvath M. , Weigel G. , Leitner G.C.
Published: May 2021

Current red blood cell (RBC) glycerolization with the ACP 215 device is followed by volume reduction of the glycerolized RBCs before freezing. We investigated a modified method of glycerolization and deglycerolization which eliminates the final centrifugation step that reduces glycerolized RBC supernatant. A total of 37 RBC units collected from healthy volunteers were analyzed. After removal of the supernatant, RBCs were glycerolized using the high glycerol method and stored at –80°C. After deglycerolization, RBCs were preserved with either SAG-M or AS3 and stored for at least 10 or 14 days, respectively. Quality of stored RBCs was assessed by measuring osmolarity, blood cell counts, free hemoglobin, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), hemolysis, and glucose. The overall RBC mass recovery after deglycerolization was 86 ± 7.6 percent, and the osmolarity was 336 ± 23 mOsml/kg H2O. The hemolysis for stored components at the end of their shelf life was 0.21 ± 0.08 percent for AS3-preserved RBCs and 0.25 ± 0.08 percent for RBCs preserved with SAG-M. On expiration, 32 percent of initial ATP values were measured in AS3-preserved RBCs vs. 62 percent in SAG-M–preserved RBCs. This modified method of glycerolization and deglycerolization meets the quality requirements of the European Council and the AABB standards. The prolonged storage of thawed RBCs enables optimized transfusion management for patients with rare blood groups.
Immunohematology

2012;28:67–73.
Blood group genotyping in a multitrauma patient: a case report
Authors: Curvers J. , Scharnhorst V. , de Haas M. , Warnier-Wandel L. , van de Kerkhof D.
Published: May 2021

Currently DNA-based analysis of blood groups is mainly used to improve transfusion safety by reducing alloantibody formation in multiply transfused patients and by monitoring pregnancies at risk for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. We present a case in which genotyping was performed after massive transfusion with unmatched group O, D– blood in a trauma setting. Our patient was genotyped as O1A1and predicted to be D–, and we therefore transfused group A, D– red blood cell concentrates. This case demonstrates how the use of blood group genotyping in an acute setting can lead to a decrease in the unnecessary use of group O, D– blood products.
Immunohematology

2012;28:85–7.
Implications of the Kidd blood group system in renal transplantation
Authors: Rourk A. , Squires J.E.
Published: May 2021

The association of the Kidd blood group system with hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn is well known. The Kidd antigens, which are localized to the HUT/UT-B urea transport protein, are found on red blood cells and the endothelial cells of the blood vessels of the medulla of the kidney. Recently it has been suggested that these antigens might play a role as minor histocompatibility antigens in renal transplantation. In the current case, the appearance of an anti-Jkb 10 years after renal transplantation associated with early renal allograft rejection further supports the potential importance of these antigens in renal transplantation and allograft rejection.
Immunohematology

2012;28:91–4.
Seroprevalence of unexpected red blood cell antibodies among pregnant women in Uganda
Authors: Eipl K. , Nakabiito C. , Bwogi K. , Motevalli M. , Roots A. , Blagg L. , Jackson J.B.
Published: May 2021

We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study among pregnant women in Kampala, Uganda, to determine ABO and D blood types and to determine the percentage who have unexpected red blood cell (RBC) antibodies and their specificities. De-identified blood samples from routine testing of 1001 pregnant women at the Mulago Hospital antenatal clinics in Kampala were typed for ABO and D and screened for the presence of unexpected RBC antibodies with confirmation and subsequent antibody identification. Of the 1001 blood samples tested, 48.9 percent, 26.4 percent, 21.0 percent, and 3.8 percent tested positive for blood groups O, A, B, and AB, respectively. Of these samples, 23 (2.3%) were negative for D, and 55 (5.5%) showed initial reactivity with at least one screening RBC. The RBC antibody screen was repeated on these 55 samples, and antibody identification was performed at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Blood Bank in Baltimore, Maryland. Twenty-one of the 55 samples were confirmed to have evidence of agglutination. Nine of the 21 samples demonstrated the presence of clinically significant RBC antibodies with anti-S being the most common, 8 samples demonstrated the presence of benign or naturally occurring antibodies, and 4 had only inconclusive reactivity. This study revealed a relatively high frequency of D and a low frequency of demonstrable clinically significant alloantibodies that may cause hemolytic disease of the newborn or hemolytic transfusion reactions among pregnant women in Kampala, with anti-S being the most frequent antibody specificity.
Immunohematology

2012;28:115–7.
Serologic and molecular characterization of D variants in Brazilians: impact for typing and transfusion strategy
Authors: Credidio D.C. , Pellegrino J. , Castilho L.
Published: May 2021

Rh discrepancies are a problem during routine testing because of partial D or weak D phenotypes. Panels of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) are being developed to identify D variants such as partial D and weak D when there are anomalous D typing results; however, molecular characterization offers a more specific classification of weak and partial D. The weak D and partial D phenotypes are caused by many different RHD alleles encoding aberrant D proteins, resulting in distinct serologic phenotypes and the possibility of anti-D immunization. We evaluated currently used serologic methods and reagents to detect and identify D variants and correlated the results with molecular analyses. A total of 306 blood samples from Brazilian blood donors and patients with discrepant results in routine D typing were analyzed. In total, 166 (54.2%) weak D, 136 (44.4%) partial D, 3 (1%) DEL, and 1 (0.3%) DHAR variants were identified. Among weak D samples, 76 weak D type 1 (45.8%), 75 weak D type 2 (45.2%), 13 weak D type 3 (7.8%), and 2 weak D type 5 (1.2%) alleles were found. Among the partial D samples, 49 type 4.0 weak partial D (36%), 9 DAR (6.6%), 24 DFR (17.6%), 6 DBT (4.4%), 1 DHMi (0.73%), 26 DVI (19%), 14 DVa (10.3%), 5 DIVb (3.7%), and 2 DVII (1.5%) were observed. Two samples identified as DEL by adsorption-elution were characterized by molecular analyses as RHD(IVS5–38DEL4) and one sample was characterized as RHD(K409K). One sample was characterized as DHAR, a CE variant positive with some monoclonal anti-D. Our results showed that the use of different methods and anti-D reagents in the serologic routine analysis revealed D variants that can be further investigated. Molecular methods can help to differentiate between partial D and weak D and to characterize the weak D types, providing additional information of value in the determination of D phenotypes. This distinction is important for optimized management of D– RBC units and for the prevention of anti-D–related hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
Immunohematology

2011;27:6–11.
Molecular RH blood group typing of serologically D–/CE+ donors: the use of a polymerase chain reaction–sequence-specific primer test kit with pooled samples
Authors: Londero D. , Fiorino M. , Miotti V. , De Angelis V.
Published: May 2021

The known presence of RHD blood group alleles in apparently D– individuals who are positive for C or E antigens leads to an appropriate investigation for the RHD gene on the red blood cells (RBCs) of D– blood donors, thus preventing their RBCs from immunizing D– recipients. Ready-to-use polymerase chain reaction–sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) typing kits are available and allow single-sample results. The need to perform this testing on a large number of donors affiliated with the Transfusion Department of Udine (Northern Italy) led to the use of molecular genetic RH blood group typing with PCR-SSP test kits and DNA samples mixed in pools. From a population of 35,000 blood donors screened for D antigen by serologic typing, a total of 235 samples, distributed in pools of 5 DNA samples, were investigated. Positive results were reevaluated by opening the pools and retesting single samples. Validation of DNA-pool typing with commercial kits was done. Among 235 genotyped samples, 12 were found to be PCR positive (5.1%), exhibiting DEL genotype and RHD-CE-D hybrid alleles. Our data demonstrate that the use of a PCR-SSP commercial test kit with pooled samples is a helpful and valid method to correctly detect RHD alleles. As a consequence, we reclassified our donors as carriers of potentially immunogenic alleles. Immunohematology 2011;27:25–28.
Possible suppression of fetal erythropoiesis by the Kell blood group antibody anti-Kpa
Authors: Tuson M. , Hue-Roye K. , Koval K. , Imlay S. , Desai R. , Garg G. , Kazem E. , Stockman D. , Hamilton J. , Reid M.E.
Published: May 2021

Antibodies to antigens in the Kell blood group system are usually immunoglobulin G, and, notoriously, anti-K, anti-k, and anti-Kpa can cause severe hemolytic transfusion reactions, as well as severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). It has been shown that the titer of anti-K does not correlate with the severity of HDFN because, in addition to immune destruction of red blood cells (RBCs), anti-K causes suppression of erythropoiesis in the fetus, which can result in severe anemia. We report a case involving anti-Kpa in which one twin was anemic and the other was not. Standard hemagglutination and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based tests were used. At delivery, anti-Kpa was identified in serum from the mother and twin A, and in the eluate prepared from the baby’s RBCs. PCR-based assays showed twin A (boy) was KEL*841T/C (KEL*03/KEL*04), which is predicted to encode Kp(a+b+). Twin B (girl) was KEL*841C/C (KEL*04/KEL*04), which is predicted to encode Kp(a–b+). We describe the first reported case of probable suppression of erythropoiesis attributable to anti-Kpa. One twin born to a woman whose serum contained anti-Kpa experienced HDFN while the other did not. Based on DNA analysis, the predicted blood type of the affected twin was Kp(a+b+) and that of the unaffected twin was Kp(a–b+). The laboratory findings and clinical course of the affected twin were consistent with suppression of erythropoiesis in addition to immune RBC destruction.
Immunohematology

2011;27: 58–60.
An unusual case of an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by an autoanti-I
Authors: Win N. , Needs M. , Rahman S. , Gold P. , Ward S.
Published: May 2021

In general, naturally occurring cold autoagglutinins react optimally at low temperatures. We describe a young child who experienced an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction by an unusual autoanti-I. The IgM autoanti-I was detected at 4°C (titer 256) and also reacted at 30°C. This case highlights the potential hazard of transfusing units of blood immediately upon removal from the blood refrigerator, especially into neonates and children of small stature.
Immunohematology

2011;27:101–103.
The Dombrock blood group system: a review
Authors: Lomas-Francis C. , Reid M.E.
Published: May 2021

The Dombrock blood group system (Do) consists of two antithetical antigens (Doa and Dob ) and five antigens of high prevalence (Gya, Hy, Joa, DOYA, and DOMR). Do antigens are carried on the Dombrock glycoprotein, which is attached to the RBC membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage. The gene (DO, ART4 ) encoding the Do glycoprotein, located on the short arm of chromosome 12, has been cloned and sequenced, allowing the molecular basis of the various Do phenotypes to be determined. Doa and Dob have a prevalence that makes them useful as genetic markers; however, the paucity of reliable anti-Doa and anti-Dob has prevented this potential from being realized. The ease with which these antigens can be predicted by analysis of DNA opens the door for such studies to be carried out. Anti-Doa and anti-Dob are rarely found as a single specificity, but they have been implicated in causing hemolytic transfusion reactions. This review is a synthesis of our current knowledge of the Dombrock blood group system.
Immunohematology

2010;26:71–78.
The significance of a positive DAT in thalassemia patients
Authors: Arinsburg S.A. , Skerrett D.L. , Kleinert D. , Giardina P.J. , Cushing M.M.
Published: May 2021

The DAT is performed for the detection of antibody or complement on the surface of RBCs. Our institution previously performed DATs on all chronically transfused thalassemia patients before each transfusion episode to detect early alloimmunization. The medical records of all thalassemia patients treated at our institution from 2004 to 2007 were reviewed to determine the significance of the high rate of positive DATs (52.5% of 80 patients). The majority of IgG-reactive DATs were associated with a nonreactive eluate (65.4% of 286 eluates performed). A positive DAT was significantly associated with splenectomy (χ2 = 15.4; p < 0.001), elevated IgG levels (χ2 = 26.8; p < 0.001), HCV (χ2 = 20.7; p < 0.001), and warm autoantibody (χ2 = 5.87; p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed that only HCV (OR, 5.0; p = 0.037) and elevated IgG levels (OR, 9.0; p = 0.001) were independently associated with a positive DAT. Alloimmunized thalassemic patients were more likely to have a positive DAT than nonalloimmunized patients, but this association was not significant (OR, 2.2; p = 0.11). A positive DAT did not correlate with decreased response to transfusion, RBC survival, hemolysis, or increased transfusion requirements. Only two cases of early alloimmunization were detected by DAT among 288 DAT-positive samples studied during 4 years. This study demonstrated that the routine performance of DATs on pretransfusion specimens in thalassemic patients has limited clinical utility, and the elimination of this test will improve turnaround time and decrease costs.
Immunohematology 2010;26:87–91.
The Cromer blood group system: a review
Authors: Storry J.R. , Reid M.E. , Yazer M.H.
Published: May 2021

The antigens of the Cromer blood group system reside on decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a protein belonging to the regulators of complement activation family. The blood group system consists of 12 high-prevalence and three low-prevalence antigens. The molecular basis for the antigens is known, and with the exception of IFC, each antigen is the product of a single nucleotide change in the DAF gene and has been localized to one of the four complement control protein (CCP) domains on the DAF protein. The RBCs of people with the Cromer null phenotype, Inab, lack DAF but do not appear to demonstrate increased susceptibility to hemolysis. Antibodies to Cromer antigens are rarely encountered, although there is evidence that the antibodies may cause accelerated destruction of transfused RBCs. There is no risk of HDN associated with Cromer system antibodies because the placenta is a rich source of fetally derived DAF, which is thought to adsorb the antibodies
Immunohematology

2010;26:109–117.
Global Governance and the WHO’s Mandate Post-COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Vilbert Jean
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 has renovated the debate about global health governance. A number of scholars have proposed that the World Health Organization should assume the position of a central coordinator with hierarchical powers, demanding nation-states to “share their sovereignty”. This article presents four main objections to this project. First, when international institutions receive leverage, they use to impose “one-size-fits-all” policies, which conflicts with the characteristic heterogeny across countries. Second, geopolitical questions and the distribution of power in multilateral institutions put developing countries in a position of vulnerability within a hierarchical order. Third, the risk of crowding out parallel initiatives, especially from non-state actors. Fourth, decisions about health can have a major impact on countries, which may thwart the internal democratic principle. A Pareto improvement would be possible by strengthening the WHO’s operational capacity and its ability to issue technical guidance and coordinate with countries. To test this hypothesis, this study analyses the possible influence of the WHO’s guidance in the first year of the coronavirus health crisis, from January 2020 to January 2021, in 37 countries reported in the World Values Survey Wave 7 (2017-2020). The OLS regression performed shows a statistically significant negative relationship between the trust in the WHO, assumed as a proxy for the level of the organization's penetration, and the number of cases of COVID-19 (per million people) in the countries of the sample. These findings reinforce the hypothesis that there is a valid case for the countries to strengthen the WHO’s mandate post-COVID-19, but they should enhance the operations of provision of reliable information and support. Nation-states, in particular the developing ones, should eschew the temptation to create a hierarchical global health structure, which may not only fail due to countries’ asymmetries but is likely to create losers in the process.
Screening of Alkaloid-Producing Endophytic Penicillium Strains from Amazon Medicinal Plants by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: da Silva-Filho Francinaldo , de Souza Marjory , Rezende Gabriel , da Silva Felipe , da Cruz Jeferson , da Silva Gilvan , de Souza Afonso , de Souza Antonia
Published: May 2021

The genus Penicillium is among the most promising alkaloid-producing fungal and therefore plays an important role in terms of producing molecules with biotechnological potential. Thus, in order to identify alkaloid-producing fungi, 25 endophytic Penicillium strains previously isolated from Amazon medicinal plants were subject to an integrative approach based on direct infusion positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). The multivariate analysis pointed paxiline (1), glandicoline B (2), roquefortine C (3), and oxaline (5) as responsible for the segregation of three promising alkaloid-producing groups, been these groups constituted for P. chrysogenum, P. oxalicum, P. paxilli, and P. rubens strains. These alkaloids and the glandicoline A (4) were tentatively identified by multiple-stage mass spectrometry. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 were isolated and confirmed by using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Overall, the chemical profile analysis by ESI-MS along with PCA provided a simple and effective approach to screening alkaloid-producing Penicillium strains for biotechnological applications.
Kaide Dışı Kullanımların Kaide Altına Alınması: Nahvî Tevîl
Authors: Ünverdi Şehmus
Published: May 2021

Nahiv ilmi, Kur’ân tilaveti sırasında yapılan hatalar başta olmak üzere bazı nedenlerden dolayı ortaya çıkmış ve zaman içerisinde kendine özgü kaideleri olmuştur. Ne var ki anlam, âmil nazariyesi ve kaidelerin kapsayıcı olmaması gibi birtakım nedenlerle bu nahvî kaidelere zahiren de olsa aykırı kullanımlar görülmüştür. Kaide dışı olduğu anlaşılan bu kullanımlar, daha sonra teʾvîl adı verilen işlemle kaide altına alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, söz konusu kaideler ile kural dışı kullanımlar arasındaki zahirî aykırılığı gidermek adına nahivcilerin kullandıkları nahvî teʾvîlin mahiyeti üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede nahvî teʾvîlin sözlük ve terim anlamları ile ortaya çıkış nedenleri ele alınmak suretiyle kavramsal çerçevesi ortaya konmaktadır. Öte yandan hicri ikinci asrın ortalarında kullanılmaya başladığı anlaşılan teʾvîl, ancak son dönemlerde tanımlanmıştır. Bu sebeple nahvî teʾvîlin mahiyetini ortaya koyma noktasında daha çok son dönem nahiv kaynaklarından istifade edilmiştir. Nahvî teʾvîlin ortaya çıkış sebepleri ile ilk olarak hangi nahivciler tarafından kullanıldığı konularında ise başta nahiv alanında temel ve kapsamlı ilk eser olarak kabul edilen Sîbeveyh’in (ö. 180/796) el-Kitâb’ı olmak üzere telif edilen nahiv usulü kitaplarına müracaat edilmiştir.
Glucocorticosteroids Effects on Brain Development in the Preterm Infant: A Role for Microglia?
Authors: Manuela Zinni , Julien Pansiot , Elodie Billion , Olivier Baud , Jérôme Mairesse
Published: May 2021

Prematurity, observed in 15 million births worldwide each year, is a clinical condition
that is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in the short and long term. Preterm infants
are at high risk of developing respiratory problems, sepsis, and other morbidities leading to neurodevelopmental
impairment and neurobehavioral disorders. Perinatal glucocorticosteroids have been
widely used for the prevention and treatment of adverse outcomes linked to prematurity. However,
despite their short-term benefits due to their maturational properties, some clinical trials have shown
an association between steroids exposure and abnormal brain development in infants born preterm.
Neuroinflammation has emerged as a preeminent factor for brain injury in preterm infants, and the
major role of microglia, the brain resident immune cells, has been recently highlighted. Considering
the role of microglia in the modulation of brain development, the aim of this review is to summarize
the effects of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticosteroids on brain development and discuss the
possible role of microglia as the mediator of these effects.
Imaging of Neurotrauma in Acute and Chronic Settings
Authors: Mallon Shane , Kwiecien Jacek M. , Karis John P.
Published: May 2021

Traumatic injuries of the brain and spinal cord are a significant source of mortality and
long-term disability. A recent systematic study in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI) indicates
severe, destructive, and very protracted inflammation as the key mechanism initiated by the massive
injury involving the white matter. Although the severe inflammation is localized and counteracted
by astrogliosis, it has a damaging effect on the blood vessels in the surrounding spinal cord, leading
to persistent vasogenic edema. Evaluation of these injuries with imaging of the brain and spinal
cord plays a crucial role in the acute trauma work-up, allowing clinicians to quickly identify abnormalities
that require immediate medical or surgical intervention or to exclude them from the workup.
Recently, anti-inflammatory agents have been shown to inhibit and accelerate the elimination of
post-SCI inflammation in preclinical studies, and an exciting potential has arisen for the use of antiinflammatory
drugs in clinical studies to achieve neuroprotection (i.e., inhibition of destruction
caused by inflammation) and to inhibit vasogenic edema in SCI, traumatic brain injury, and stroke.
In both subacute and chronic settings, imaging can guide therapy and provide important prognostic
information. In this review, we discuss the imaging workup and evolving imaging findings of neurotrauma
in the acute and chronic setting, including conventional and advanced imaging techniques.
As neuroimaging is the primary mode of diagnostic analysis in neurotrauma, it is a critical component
in future clinical trials evaluating neuroprotective therapies.
HISTORY EDUCATION TO ENCOURAGE NATIONALISM INTEREST TOWARDS YOUNG PEOPLE AMIDST GLOBALIZATION
Authors:   Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, FKIP Universitas Jember, Surya Riza Afita , Fikriya Rif’atul ,   Pusat Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan  Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Published: May 2021

This paper attempts to construct history education concept in establishing nationalism interest towards young people amidst globalization stream. This study is a qualitative research utilizing the case study method due to object studied was derived from reality. Globalization as an inseparable era upon modern societies has been bringing significant impact in many respects of life, one of which is the education field. As part of the historical series, young people at the initial stage of the nationalism movement appeared in Indonesia performed as activators that gained profound responsibility in maintaining and developing such values. Managing historical awareness that is expected to develop national identity has become the basic goal of education. Concepts being discussed here were derived from events analysis and the development of Indonesia education recently. Beside globalization, 21st century challenges also come in the form of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Z Generation which prompt learning to be more complex. These challenges could be dealt with continuation innovation, also critical history learning that referring to several theories and prior research is actively capable in increasing nationalism interest amidst globalization. Key Words: History education, Globalization, Young People
¿Son las teorías científicas estructuras, instrumentos o realidad?
Authors: Álvarez-García Andrés
Published: May 2021

En este arti?culo se realiza un estudio de las teori?as desde el realismo cienti?fico. Tambie?n se desarrolla una cri?tica a las diferentes propuestas esce?pticas como el instrumentalismo, el antirrealismo y el realismo estructural. Este estudio describe la importancia del realismo cienti?fico y los desafi?os que enfrenta en la postmodernidad. Se plantea que el realismo debe establecer un conjunto de reglas para seleccionar las entidades inobservables, y que los modelos que se emplean pueden llegar a describir la realidad en el marco de una ciencia madura.

Palabras claves: Realidad, estructura, entidad, teori?as cienti?ficas, realismo cienti?fico, instrumentalismo.

Abstract

In this article a study of the theories is made from the scientific realism. It also develops a critique of the different skeptical proposals such as instrumentalism, anti-realism and structural realism. This study describes the importance of scientific realism and the challenges it faces in postmodernity. It is argued that realism should establish a set of rules to select unobservable entities, and that the models used can come to describe reality within the framework of a mature science.

Keywords: Reality, structure, entity, Scientific theories, scientific realism, instrumentalism.

Resumo:

Neste artigo se realiza um estudo das teorias desde o realismo cienti?fico. Tambe?m se desenvolve uma cri?tica a?s diferentes propostas ce?ticas como o instrumentalismo, o antirrealismo e o realismo estrutural. Este estudo descreve a importa?ncia do realismo cienti?fico e os desafios que a posmodernidade enfrenta. Se propo?e que o realismo deve estabelecer um conjunto de regras para selecionar as entidades inobserva?veis, e que os modelos que se utilizam podem chegar a descrever a realidade no marco de uma cie?ncia madura.

Palavras chave: Realidade; estrutura; entidade; teorias cienti?ficas, realismo cienti?fico, instrumentalismo
La interculturalidad en el aprendizaje y la comunicacio?n del disen?o social
Authors: Navarro Sarmiento Ana Georgina , Padilla Camberos Claudia , Santillán Becerra Julio Alejandro
Published: May 2021

Se analizara?n las etapas del proceso de disen?o social desde el punto de vista acade?mico y la importancia de co?mo influye la comunicacio?n intercultural en el desarrollo del pai?s en donde e?ste se da y la relacio?n que se pudiese lograr haci?a con los dema?s. El hablar del proceso del disen?o social en un ambiente universitario nos puede ubicar en un a?rea de intere?s en la que se plantean las formas de co?mo se piensa, co?mo se hace y co?mo se comunica el disen?o. El disen?o social juega actualmente un papel muy importante en donde se involucra a la sociedad a partir de las necesidades y deseos expresados por esta, en donde se contempla que se optimice los recursos y las capacidades, y que se ve ma?s como un sistema social que productivo y en donde el objetivo final seri?a que se lograra una fa?cil, u?til y pra?ctica comunicacio?n global.

PALABRAS CLAVES: Disen?o social, aprendizaje y comunicacio?n intercultural.

Abstract

Will analyze the stages of the social design process from the academic point of view and the importance of how intercultural communication influences the development of the country where it occurs and the relationship that could be achieved with others. Talking about the process of social design in a university environment can place us in an area of interest in which the ways of how people think, how they are done and how design is communicated are presented. Social design currently plays a very important role in which society is involved based on the needs and desires expressed by it, where it is contemplated that resources and capacities are optimized and that it is seen more as a social system than productive and where the ultimate goal would be to achieve an easy, useful and practical global communication.

KEYWORDS: State, public policies, human rights, rights-based approach

Resumo

Nesta pesquisa se analisara?o as etapas do processo de desenho social desde o ponto-de-vista acade?mico e a importa?ncia de como influencia a comunicac?a?o intercultural no desenvolvimento do pai?s onde se da?, e a relac?a?o que se pode conseguir aos demais. Falar do processo de desenho social num ambiente universita?rio nos pode localizar em uma a?rea de interesse nas quais se projetam as formas de como se pensa, como se faz e como se comunica o desenho. O desenho social representa atualmente um papel muito importante onde se envolve a sociedade a partir das necessidades e desejos expressos pela mesma, onde se contempla que se otimiza os recursos e as capacidades, e que se veja mais como um sistema social que produtivo, e onde o objetivo final seria que se conseguisse uma fa?cil, u?til e pra?tica comunicac?a?o global.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Desenho social, aprendizagem e comunicac?a?o intercultural
Двумерное моделирование ослабления детонационной волны при ее прохождении через область с круговыми препятствиями
Authors: Бедарев И.А. , Темербеков В.М.
Published: May 2021

The results of numerical simulation of the detonation wave interaction with a circular obstacles staggered are presented. The calculations were carried out for a prepared stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture. The influence of the rows number, the step between them and the scale effects on the detonation suppression was investigated. The modes of detonation suppression and re-initiation were obtained.
Исследование высокоскоростного взаимодействия образцов из карбидовольфрамового сплава с многокомпонентной связкой со стальной преградой
Authors: Ищенко А.Н. , Буркин В.В. , Дьячковский А.С. , Марцунова Л.С. , Рогаев К.С. , Саммель А.Ю. , Сидоров А.Д. , Скосырский А.Б. , Степанов Е.Ю. , Чупашев А.В.
Published: May 2021

The samples on the basis of carbide and tungsten alloy were made by means of high-temperature sintering. The samples possess a perfect brand-new complex of physical, mechanical and functional properties. Penetrating ability of the samples concerning going through a steel obstacle with the interaction velocity of 1300 m/s is investigated. The comparison is made with the sample made of a basic alloy VNZH-90
The Hip Instructional Prehabilitation Program for Enhanced Recovery (HIPPER) as an eHealth Approach to Presurgical Hip Replacement Education: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Miller William C , Mohammadi Somayyeh , Watson Wendy , Crocker Morag , Westby Marie
Published: May 2021

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA), leading to hip replacement (THR), is a primary contributor to global mobility impairment. In 2018, more than 59,000 THR surgeries were performed in Canada. Health promotion education, such as prehabilitation, is vital to optimizing surgical outcomes.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of the Hip Instructional Prehabilitation Program for Enhanced Recovery (HIPPER), an eHealth approach to prehabilitation education.

Methods

A single-blind (assessor-blind), 2-arm, feasibility randomized controlled trial will be conducted. We will recruit 40 (HIPPER group, n=20; control group, n=20) older adults with hip OA and on a waitlist for a THR. The HIPPER intervention consists of 12 online, interactive modules. The control group will receive the current standard practice consisting of 2 online educational sessions lasting 2 hours each (webinars). Feasibility outcomes (eg, recruitment and retention rates) will be evaluated.

Results

Recruitment started in March 2021. As of April 20, 2021, 18 participants were recruited. All 18 completed T1 measures. Only 1 participant has been scheduled to have a surgery and therefore has been scheduled to complete T2 measures. The remainder of the participants are waiting to be notified of their surgery date. This project was funded by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Project Grant. Our institute’s research ethics board approved this study in November 2016.

Conclusions

Results will lead to refinement of the HIPPER protocol in order to evaluate a standardized and geographically accessible prehabilitation program.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02969512; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02969512

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/29322