bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency Aesthetic Approaches to Patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Sezgin Bolgül Behiye , Ağaçkıran Engin , Tümen Emin Caner , Ayna Yunus , Çelenk Sema , Ayna Buket
Published: July 2017

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive preoccupation with a perceived defect in one’s physical appearance for which the individual persistently seeks medical attention and surgical correction. This preoccupation can be persistent and pervasive, leading to social withdrawal.  A dentist may be the first health care worker who has an opportunity to intervene and assist these people in getting treatment. Patients may have unrealistic expectations for certain procedures, so assessing their psychological status is an important part of treatment planning and diagnosis. Patient expectations should be determined, and the ability to provide care that meets those expectations should be discussed. In the case reports, aesthetic treatments with composite resin restorations of three patients with BDD are reported.

The cases highlight the need for dentists to be educated on this disorder so that they can recognize and refer accordingly. There is also a need for interdisciplinary interactions between the dentist and the psychologist.

How to cite this article: Sezgin Bolgül B, Ağaçkıran E, Tümen EC, Ayna Y, Çelenk S, Ayna B. Emergency Aesthetic Approaches to Patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Report of Three Cases. Int Dent Res 2011;3:87-91.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Comparative Validation of the Determination of Sofosbuvir in Pharmaceuticals by Several Inexpensive Ecofriendly Chromatographic, Electrophoretic, and Spectrophotometric Methods
Authors: El-Yazbi Amira F
Published: July 2017

Sofosbuvir (SOFO) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2013 for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection with enhanced antiviral potency compared with earlier analogs. Notwithstanding, all current editions of the pharmacopeias still do not present any analytical methods for the quantification of SOFO. Thus, rapid, simple, and ecofriendly methods for the routine analysis of commercial formulations of SOFO are desirable. In this study, five accurate methods for the determination of SOFO in pharmaceutical tablets were developed and validated. These methods include HPLC, capillary zone electrophoresis, HPTLC, and UV spectrophotometric and derivative spectrometry methods. The proposed methods proved to be rapid, simple, sensitive, selective, and accurate analytical procedures that were suitable for the reliable determination of SOFO in pharmaceutical tablets. An analysis of variance test with P-value > 0.05 confirmed that there were no significant differences between the proposed assays. Thus, any of these methods can be used for the routine analysis of SOFO in commercial tablets.
Review of the Nomenclature of the Retaining Ligaments of the Cheek: Frequently Confused Terminology
Authors: Seo Yeui Seok , Song Jennifer Kim , Oh Tae Suk , Kwon Seong Ihl , Tansatit Tanvaa , Lee Joo Heon
Published: July 2017

Since the time of its inception within facial anatomy, wide variability in the terminology as well as the location and extent of retaining ligaments has resulted in confusion over nomenclature. Confusion over nomenclature also arises with regard to the subcutaneous ligamentous attachments, and in the anatomic location and extent described, particularly for zygomatic and masseteric ligaments. Certain historical terms—McGregor’s patch, the platysma auricular ligament, parotid cutaneous ligament, platysma auricular fascia, temporoparotid fasica (Lore’s fascia), anterior platysma-cutaneous ligament, and platysma cutaneous ligament—delineate retaining ligaments of related anatomic structures that have been conceptualized in various ways. Confusion around the masseteric cutaneous ligaments arises from inconsistencies in their reported locations in the literature because the size and location of the parotid gland varies so much, and this affects the relationship between the parotid gland and the fascia of the masseter muscle. For the zygomatic ligaments, there is disagreement over how far they extend, with descriptions varying over whether they extend medially beyond the zygomaticus minor muscle. Even the ‘main’ zygomatic ligament’s denotation may vary depending on which subcutaneous plane is used as a reference for naming it. Recent popularity in procedures using threads or injectables has required not only an accurate understanding of the nomenclature of retaining ligaments, but also of their location and extent. The authors have here summarized each retaining ligament with a survey of the different nomenclature that has been introduced by different authors within the most commonly cited published papers.
Analysis of the Legal Effect of Settlement Agreements Prepared in Medical Litigation Following Plastic Surgery in Korea
Authors: Kwon Jung Woo , Park Bo Young , Kang So Ra , Hong Seung Eun
Published: July 2017

Background Settlements between doctors and patients provide a solution to complicated disputes. However, some disputes may be renewed as a result of negligence by both parties. The purpose of this study was to review the legal issues that may potentially arise during the preparation of settlement agreements and to propose a list of requirements for ensuring the effectiveness of these settlement agreements.

Methods Data from 287 civil cases concerning aesthetic surgery that took place between 2000 and 2015 were collected from a court database in South Korea. Factors that influenced the effectiveness of settlement agreements were analyzed.

Results Among the 287 court precedents, there were 68 cases of covenant not to sue. Eighteen cases were dismissed because the settlement agreements were recognized as effective, and 50 cases were sent forward for judgment on their merits because the agreements were not recognized as effective. The types of surgery and types of complications were classified by frequency. We evaluated the geographical distribution of the precedents, the settlement timing, and the effectiveness and economic impact of the settlements. We found that there was no statistically significant relationship among these factors. Four major factors that made a settlement agreement legally effective were identified, and the data showed that fee-free reoperations were not considered by the court in determining the compensation amount.

Conclusions When preparing a settlement agreement, it is advisable to review the contents of the agreement rather than to take the preparation of a settlement agreement per se to be legally meaningful.
Non-Melanocytic Skin Cancers of the Head and Neck: A Clinical Study in Jeju Province
Authors: Kang Jae Kyoung , Yun Byung Min , Song Jung-Kook , Shin Myoung Soo
Published: July 2017

Background Jeju Island is geographically and socioeconomically distinct from the mainland of South Korea. Thus, the presentation and management of non-melanocytic skin cancers (NMSC) of the head and neck may differ from those in other regions of the country. We compared the clinical characteristics and treatment modalities of NMSC on Jeju Island with the findings of similar regional studies.

Methods Patient data, including age, sex, diagnosis, tumor site, treatment, and recurrence, were obtained from the medical and pathology records of patients diagnosed with NMSC between January 2010 and June 2015.

Results In total, 190 patients (57 men) with a mean age of 75 years (range, 42–97) were assessed. Overall, 203 NMSCs were diagnosed, including 123 basal cell carcinomas and 80 squamous cell carcinomas. The tumor sites included the nose, cheeks, periorbital area, and lips (n=55, 54, 25, and 20, respectively). We identified 92 T1-stage and 60 T2-stage tumors, and 120 cases were treated with wide surgical resection and 17 cases were treated with radiation therapy at the medical center. Of the 120 cases treated surgically, 69 required reconstructive surgery using a local skin flap, 22 required full-thickness skin grafting, and 12 underwent primary closure. Basal and squamous cell carcinomas recurred in 2 and 1 cases, respectively.

Conclusions Compared to the reports from other regions, the average patient age was 10 years higher, with a marked female preponderance. While the proportion of squamous cell carcinoma was higher than in other regions, the tumor distribution and surgical management profiles were similar.
Effect of Chronic Administration of Hydromethanol Leaf Extract of Helianthus annuus on Erythrocytic Profile in Normal Rats
Authors: O. Onoja Samuel , C. Udem Samuel , O. Anaga Aruh
Published: July 2017

Effect of chronic administration of hydromethanol leaf extract of Helianthus annuus on erythrocytic profile in normal rat was investigated. The extract was prepared using cold maceration method and concentrated at 40˚C. It was incorporated in feed at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg per 100 g feed. Albino rats were randomly assigned to 4 (A – D) groups of 14 rats each. Group A received standard feed while groups B – D received feed incorporated with H. annuus at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/10 g feed, respectively. They were fed 10% of their body weight daily for 90 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected via retroorbital venous plexus from four rats selected at random from each group without replacement on day 30, 60 and 90 for the determination of erythrocytic profile. There was no significant (p > 0.05) change on the erythrocytic profile of the various groups on day 30 and 60 while the packed cell volume and hemoglobin concentration of H. annuus treated groups were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than group A rats on day 90. This study suggests that the chronic use of Helianthus annuus for up to 90 days in rat may lead to anemia and should be avoided.
ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION OF SODIUM SULFATE IN AQUEOUS ETHANOL SOLUTIONS
Authors: Borisov Ivan M. , Nabiev Azamdzhon A. , Mukhamedyanova Alfia A. , Soliev Lutfullo , Toshov Azamdzhon F. , Musodzhonova Jamila M.
Published: July 2017

The reducing the degree of electrolytic dissociation of sodium sulphate with the increasing a proportion of ethanol in the hydroalcoholic solution was shown with the conductometric method. It was established that the dissociation constant of sodium sulfate decreases with the increasing a concentration of alcohol in the solution. Physico-chemical properties of sodium sulfate in water-alcohol solutions on salt solubility and dissociation were not studied. In this regard, in the present study we examined an electrolytic dissociation of sodium sulfate in water-ethanol solutions.  Firstly, a saturated aqueous solution of sodium sulfate, sodium sulfate solubility process was observed with the aid of crystal optic method. For this purpose, a saturated aqueous sodium sulfate was added, and the calculated amount of alcohol measured on mass of precipitated sodium sulfate decahydrate after drying to constant weight. By weight difference between the original and the precipitate salt (calculated as sodium sulphate) dissolved salt mass was measured. It is generally recognized that the degree of dissociation of the electrolyte in the electrolytic solution depends on the dielectric constant of the solvent. Water (e= 78.53) and ethanol (e = 24.3) has vary large permittivity. Therefore, by varying the alcohol content in the mixture with water it may receive different solvents with a dielectric constant, affecting the equilibrium state in the salt solution. To find the degree of electrolytic dissociation used Na2SO4 conductometric method based on measuring the electrical conductivity of solutions with variable molar concentration of salt and alcohol was applied. The dependence of the molar conductivity of aqueous solutions of sodium sulphate is transformed to direct line in coordinate of Kohlrausch equation. It is known that the degree of electrolytic dissociation of the electrolyte depends not only on its nature, but on the dielectric constant of the medium. Therefore, in water-ethanol solutions sodium sulfate shows the properties of weak electrolyte. In this case, the dependence of conductivity on the molar concentration of sodium sulphate in water-ethanol solutions will have a different appearance.Forcitation:Borisov I.M., Nabiev A.A., Mukhamedyanova A.A., Soliev L., Toshov A.F., Musodzhonova Dzh.M. Electrolytic dissociation of sodium sulfate in aqueous ethanol solutions. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 6. P. 59-64.
Bilag 2. Adelige bryllupper i Odense 1560-1670
Authors: Seesko Per
Published: July 2017

I skemaet findes henvisninger til de benyttede oplysninger om bryllupper med adelig deltagelse i Odense. Der er altså ikke tale om nogen fuldstændig opgørelse over adelige bryllupper i Odense i det behandlede tidsrum.
Aortic Dissection after Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Do Young Rok
Published: July 2017

Use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for the treatment of acute cerebral infarction secondary to aortic dissection is challenging because of a narrow time window and potential life-threatening complications. An 80-year-old woman with right middle cerebral artery infarction was treated with rt-PA. Although she had no history, symptoms, or sign of aortic dissection, carotid CT angiography revealed aortic arch dissection. Mediastinal widening, which did not show on initial chest X-ray, developed on follow-up chest X-ray. This observation indicates that physicians should monitor patient symptoms for signs of aortic dissection during thrombolysis and perform chest X-ray or carotid angiography immediately after thrombolysis even if the patient has no symptoms or signs of aortic dissection on onset of acute cerebral infarction.
Current Medical Therapy for Uterine Leiomyomas
Authors: Koh Suk Bong
Published: July 2017

Uterine leiomyomas are benign tumors arising from the myometrium and largely prevalent in the woman's reproductive years. The majority of women with leiomyomas either remain asymptomatic or develop symptoms gradually over time. When patients are symptomatic, the nature of their complaints is often attributable to the number, size, and/or location of their fibroids. Depending on a patient's symptomatology and reproductive plans, treatment options include expectant management, medical management (hormonal and non-hormonal), or surgical management (myomectomy or hysterectomy).
Factors Influencing Technology Use in Aural Skills Lessons
Authors: Pomerleau Turcotte Justine , Moreno Sala Maria Teresa , Dubé Francis
Published: July 2017

In North America, aural skills (as) are usually taught to children during the instrumental music lessons. While learning musical dictation and sight-singing can be difficult for some learners, the use of appropriate technological tools could facilitate the process. However, the use of information and communication technologies (ict) by music teachers in aural skills instruction to children have not been documented. An online survey was conducted in the Province of Quebec (Canada) in order to answer the following questions: 1) To what extent do instrumental music teachers useictwhen teachingasto children between 6 and 12 years old?; 2) Are the teachers’ socio-demographic characteristics,astraining and perception ofasteaching linked to the use and the frequency of use ofict? The results show that the use ofictto teachasis still relatively uncommon. Furthermore, it would be negatively correlated with age, competence felt during training and perceived competence to teachas. Finally, it appears that a smaller proportion of piano teachers and women useict, or use them less often. A better understanding of the teachers’ perception of technology could help develop more adapted resources.
Perception des intervalles harmoniques et apprentissage perceptuel
Authors: Fournier Guillaume
Published: July 2017

Cet article élabore une nouvelle approche pédagogique pour étudier les intervalles harmoniques aux niveaux collégial et universitaire. Sont d’abord passés en revue les principaux mécanismes responsables de la perception des intervalles harmoniques, notamment la perception des hauteurs sonores, la capacité à discriminer les notes jouées simultanément, la perception des battements et l’harmonicité. En s’appuyant sur les mécanismes d’apprentissage perceptuel de Goldstone et Byrge (2015), différentes stratégies sont ensuite discutées pour isoler, stimuler et renforcer la perception des principaux attributs sonores nécessaire à la reconnaissance auditive des intervalles harmoniques. Une démarche d’enseignement intégrée est finalement proposée pour la salle de classe.
Instrumentaliser la subjectivité de la perception au sein d’un paysage sonore interactif. L’installation interactive et immersive Soleil
Authors: Vesac Jean-Ambroise
Published: July 2017

Cet essai discute la composition musicale liée au geste ayant fondé le dispositif d’interaction Soleil. Cette oeuvre demande à l’expérimentateur de prendre conscience de son comportement, afin de lui donner la possibilité de l’associer à un environnement sensoriel, par la transposition musicale de ses gestes et l’adaptation rythmique du dispositif à ses réactions physiologiques.
L’harmonisation des principes et des méthodes des sciences de l’information : l’approche gagnante d’une pratique professionnelle de l’archivistique (Témoignage)
Authors: Brochu Frédéric
Published: July 2017

Frédéric Brochu a fait partie d’une des premières cohortes diplômées de la concentration en archivistique du programme de maîtrise en science de l’information de l’École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information (EBSI) de l’Université de Montréal. Il témoigne dans le cadre du 50e anniversaire de la DGDA, du stage qu’il y a effectué dans le cadre de ses études. Pour l’auteur, cette expérience fut particulièrement formatrice car elle mettait concrètement en oeuvre l’approche privilégiée par l’école, c’est-à-dire l’association des différentes disciplines que sont la bibliothéconomie, l’archivistique et les sciences de l’information en général. Cette pratique innovante parfaitement incarnée à la DGDA, a eu une influence sur toute la carrière archivistique de l’auteur. À ses yeux, c’est l’étroite relation entre l’EBSI et le service des archives de l’Université de Montréal qui a également permis cette adéquation. Il est reconnaissant aux divers intervenants d’avoir rendu cette expérience possible.
L’influence du Service des archives de l’Université de Montréal sur la pratique archivistique au Québec : une affaire de fierté (Témoignage)
Authors: Chouinard Denys
Published: July 2017

Denys Chouinard utilise le prétexte du 50e anniversaire de la DGDA de l’Université de Montréal pour souligner le caractère novateur et la contribution exceptionnelle de ce service à l’archivistique. Dès les années 1960 et 1970 le Service des archives de l’Université de Montréal s’est démarqué et ce caractère avant-gardiste s’est confirmé dans les années 1980. Il rappelle le plaisir qu’il eut à travailler auprès de Jacques Ducharme, inspirant par son enthousiasme et la façon positive qu’il avait d’exercer sa profession. L’exercice de gestion par objectif mis en place au service des archives eut un effet dynamisant sur l’équipe en place et le service est toujours resté à l’affût des opportunités d’augmenter ses ressources, tant humaines que financières, afin d’atteindre les objectifs fixés. Plusieurs autres services d’archives s’en sont inspirés. L’auteur nous présente ensuite une liste de réalisations importantes du service des archives de l’UdeM et mentionne au passage l’influence qu’ont eu ses années passées au sein du service sur l’ensemble de sa carrière. Il termine en évoquant l’approche axée sur les utilisateurs telle que pratiquée à la DGDA et souligne qu’elle fait maintenant partie de la Déclaration universelle sur les archives. Pour Denys Chouinard, le Service des archives de l’Université de Montréal a raison d’être fier d’avoir une telle influence.
L’influence de la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l’Université de Montréal sur la pratique archivistique nationale
Authors: Laverdure Hélène
Published: July 2017

Cette communication portera essentiellement sur le rôle qu’a joué la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l’Université de Montréal dans le développement de la pratique archivistique au Québec, et ce, sous l’angle de la collaboration constante qui n’a cessé de se renforcer avec notre institution, à savoir les Archives nationales du Québec, aujourd’hui la Direction générale des Archives nationales de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ). Plusieurs dossiers seront cités en exemple : l’adoption de la Loi sur les archives de 1983, la parution du manuel Les Archives au XXe siècle qui a marqué la pratique archivistique au Québec, l’élaboration du Recueil des règles de conservation des documents des établissements universitaires, la création du Groupe interdisciplinaire de recherche en archivistique, etc. D’autres dossiers seront aussi évoqués, notamment des événements qui ont fait date dans l’histoire plus récente de notre discipline et dans lesquels les deux institutions ont été impliquées.
Penser les textes amérindiens au-delà du cadre d’interprétation traditionnel
Authors: Lefebvre Richard
Published: July 2017

Cet article propose une relecture du discours critique qui a incorporé la littérature amérindienne dans les études littéraires québécoises et a déterminé son cadre d’interprétation. L’auteur s’intéresse spécialement à la façon dont la question de l’écrit et de l’oral – qui est omniprésente dans le commentaire sur les littératures amérindiennes et touche de manière fondamentale à la conception du littéraire et à son code – a été posée et pensée dans l’Histoire de la littérature amérindienne au Québec de Diane Boudreau, un essai qui est devenu, depuis sa publication en 1993, une référence commune pour les études de la littérature amérindienne dans l’espace québécois francophone. L’article montre que ce premier discours sur la littérature autochtone au Québec est le lieu où sont préservées les orientations axiologiques sur l’oralité et l’écriture, dont certaines remontent au discours colonial, alors que d’autres proviennent du discours de la grammatologie. L’analyse montre, entre autres choses, que l’approche de la « tradition orale » a ignoré ou effacé le contexte historique des créations orales et de leur transcription, et qu’elle a placé l’oralité dans un espace idéalisé, dans le passé surtout, un passé nettoyé de toute interaction avec les écritures amérindiennes, lesquelles ont été privées de leur essence d’écriture et ont été refoulées dans la catégorie des pré-écritures. En conclusion, l’auteur appelle à une réévaluation des rapports entre la parole orale et le signe graphique sur la base de leur nature sémiotique commune afin de tenir compte des rapports dynamiques ou dialectiques entre l’écriture et l’oralité.
Hétérogénéité et pensée frontalière dans la littérature amérindienne
Authors: Beauclair Nicolas
Published: July 2017

Cet article montre comment certaines théories provenant de l’Amérique latine peuvent être utilisées pour analyser la littérature amérindienne au Québec. L’auteur présente d’abord le concept d’hétérogénéité tel que développé par le critique littéraire péruvien Antonio Cornejo Polar, qui prétend que la réalité socioculturelle des sociétés américaines peut se concevoir comme un « tout » dans lequel s’opèrent divers niveaux de tensions et de conflits dérivant de l’expérience coloniale, et sa convergence avec certaines des propositions des études coloniales et « décoloniales » latino-américaines. Par la suite, ces théories sont appliquées au champ littéraire amérindien du Québec et montrent comment l’hétérogénéité manifeste une pensée frontalière décolonisatrice dans la littérature actuelle à travers divers dispositifs comme lagnosis frontalière, lapensée autreet lalangue autre. Le propos de l’auteur est illustré par une analyse de l’autobiographie d’An Antane KapeshJe suis une maudite sauvagesseet du recueil de poésieBâtons à messagede Joséphine Bacon.
« Il connaît le chemin de l’école, il peut y aller s’il veut »
Authors: Morissette Anny
Published: July 2017

Au Québec, les études systémiques sur les écoles de jour indiennes de la fin duxixesiècle jusqu’à la première moitié duxxesiècle sont inexistantes. Pourtant, trente et une écoles de jour indiennes ont été en opération dans la province afin d’enseigner aux enfants amérindiens comment être des petits Canadiens. À partir d’une réflexion sur les modus operandi de ces institutions et en s’appuyant sur une recherche archivistique et historique concernant la bande de la Rivière Désert et la vie scolaire dans la région de l’Outaouais, cet article retrace l’origine des premières écoles indiennes à Kitigan Zibi et les jeux de pouvoir entre l’administration des Affaires indiennes et le conseil de bande en matière d’éducation.
El «factor esportiu» en estètica: als llindars del comprendre en art
Authors: Rubio Marco Salvador
Published: July 2017

A partir del postulat d’un cert “factor esportiu” en la recepció estètica per part del director d’orquestra L. Bernstein, em propose investigar, en el marc d’una teoria dimensional (o aspectista) de la comprensió artística, aquells casos en el quals ens inclinem positivament envers interpretacions que no aprovem artísticament. Avaluaré les raons recolzades en la coherència, la fascinació o la claredat, a la llum d’altres conceptes d’arrel wittgensteiniana com perplexitat (puzzlement), valor (Mut), veure / veure com (seeing/ seeing as) per acabar reivindicant un valor intrínsec d’aquest tipus d’experiències artístiques.
Como ser un existencialista, por Gary Cox (traducción de Luis Noriega).
Authors: Rosell Sergi
Published: July 2017

Reseña de Como ser un existencialista, por Gary Cox (traducción de Luis Noriega).
Naturaleza y espíritu en la filosofía clásica alemana
Authors: Rametta Gaetano
Published: July 2017

El presente ensayo afronta la cuestión de la relación entre espíritu y naturaleza en la filosofía clásica alemana, por medio del análisis de esta problemática en las principales figuras del idealismo alemán, de Kant a Schelling y de Fichte a Hegel. El autor busca hacer emerger la complejidad y la actualidad de las respectivas posiciones, confrontándolas recíprocamente para sacar a la luz sus diferencias y analogías, e insiste en la irreductibilidad del idealismo a una pura y simple metafísica de la subjetividad.
Ephrin-A/EphA specific co-adaptation as a novel mechanism in topographic axon guidance
Authors: Fiederling Felix , Weschenfelder Markus , Fritz Martin , von Philipsborn Anne , Bastmeyer Martin , Weth Franco
Published: July 2017

Genetic hardwiring during brain development provides computational architectures for innate neuronal processing. Thus, the paradigmatic chick retinotectal projection, due to its neighborhood preserving, topographic organization, establishes millions of parallel channels for incremental visual field analysis. Retinal axons receive targeting information from quantitative guidance cue gradients. Surprisingly, novel adaptation assays demonstrate that retinal growth cones robustly adapt towards ephrin-A/EphA forward and reverse signals, which provide the major mapping cues. Computational modeling suggests that topographic accuracy and adaptability, though seemingly incompatible, could be reconciled by a novel mechanism of coupled adaptation of signaling channels. Experimentally, we find such ‘co-adaptation’ in retinal growth cones specifically for ephrin-A/EphA signaling. Co-adaptation involves trafficking of unliganded sensors between the surface membrane and recycling endosomes, and is presumably triggered by changes in the lipid composition of membrane microdomains. We propose that co-adaptative desensitization eventually relies on guidance sensor translocation into cis-signaling endosomes to outbalance repulsive trans-signaling.
Conversion Surgery for Patients With Stage IV HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer: A Report of 3 Patients
Authors: Saito Shin , Hosoya Yoshinori , Fujii Hirofumi , Ohzawa Hideyuki , Tanaka Akira , Kitayama Joji , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro
Published: July 2017

Gastric cancer is a common malignancy and remains potentially lethal. The prognosis of patients with stage IV gastric cancer is thought to be poor, but new molecular targeted therapy may benefit patients with advanced gastric cancer. Currently, conversion surgery after chemotherapy with a trastuzumab-containing regimen is reported to be effective in these patients. We present 3 patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–positive advanced gastric cancer who underwent conversion surgery after receiving a trastuzumab-containing chemotherapy regimen. Interestingly, the primary lesion acquired resistance to the trastuzumab-containing regimen, although the metastatic lesions maintained a complete response. The reason why the primary lesions became resistant to trastuzumab remains unclear. More studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of resistance. Conversion surgery, made possible by the use of molecular-targeted therapy, may improve the prognosis of patients with stage IV gastric cancer, particularly if metastatic lesions show a complete response to therapy.
Preoperative Evaluation of Blood Vessel Anatomy Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography for Laparoscopic Surgery of Transverse Colon Cancer
Authors: Ishizaki Tetsuo , Katsumata Kenji , Hisada Masayuki , Enomoto Masanobu , Matsudo Takaaki , Tsuchida Akihiko
Published: July 2017

This study describes the efficacy of the evaluation of blood vessel anatomy by 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) for laparoscopic surgery for transverse colon cancer (TCC). A total of 102 patients with TCC were examined by preoperative 3D-CT to clarify their blood vessel anatomy at Tokyo Medical University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015, before undergoing laparoscopic surgery using the obtained 3D-CT data. Regarding blood vessel variation, the middle colic artery (MCA) was present in all patients (100%). The common duct type was observed in 89 patients (87.3%), and a type of branch separate from the superior mesenteric artery was observed in 13 patients (12.7%). The accessory MCA was present in 25 patients (24.5%). The middle colic vein was present in all patients (100%), and it drained into the following vessels: the superior mesenteric vein, gastrocolic trunk, first jejunal vein, and inferior mesenteric vein [67 (65.8%), 25 (24.5%) 8 (7.8%), and 2 (1.9%) patients, respectively]. Regarding the surgical outcome, the bleeding volume was 43 g, the operative time was 218 minutes, the number of harvested lymph nodes was 21, the proximal resection margin was 164 mm, the distal resection margin was 105 mm, and the length of postoperative hospital stay was 10 days. Although complicated variations and anomalies in the MCA and the contiguous veins were observed, preoperative 3D-CT will be useful for surgeons performing laparoscopic surgery on patients with TCC.
Pengembangan Model Persediaan Continuous Review dengan All-Unit Discount dan Faktor Kadaluwarsa
Authors: Rikardo Cherish , Lesmono Dharma , Limansyah Taufik
Published: July 2017

Paper ini membahas suatu model matematika untuk suatu sistem persediaan dengan mempertimbangkan adanya all-unit discount dan faktor kadaluwarsa. Permintaan barang bersifat deterministik yang merupakan fungsi dari waktu dan bergantung pada jumlah persediaan yang ada (inventory dependent demand), laju kadaluwarsa barang juga bergantung pada waktu dan tidak ada lead time. Model yang dibahas merupakan pengembangan dari Nagare dan Dutta [9] dengan menambah faktor all-unit discount dan laju kadaluwarsa yang bergantung pada waktu. Dari model yang dikembangkan akan ditentukan kuantitas pemesanan (economic order quantity) dan waktu antar pemesanan yang optimum yang meminimumkan total biaya persediaan tahunan. Algoritma penentuan solusi optimum dari model yang dikembangkan dan contoh numerik sebagai ilustrasi dari permasalahan persediaan ini diberikan. Analisis sensitivitas model dengan melihat pengaruh laju kadaluwarsa dan laju permintaan terhadap kuantitas dan waktu antar pemesanan yang optimal juga diberikan. Dari hasil analisis sensitivitas diperoleh bahwa semakin besar laju kadaluwarsa, maka waktu antar pemesanan menjadi semakin singkat dan kuantitas pemesanan menjadi semakin sedikit.  Hal yang sama terjadi jika laju permintaan barang semakin besar.   Kata kunci:  Persediaan, kadaluwarsa, all-unit discount.
Variability, trends, and drivers of regional fluctuations in Australian fire activity
Authors: Earl Nick , Simmonds Ian
Published: July 2017

Throughout the world fire regimes are determined by climate, vegetation, and anthropogenic factors, and they have great spatial and temporal variability. The availability of high‐quality satellite data has revolutionized fire monitoring, allowing for a more consistent and comprehensive evaluation of temporal and spatial patterns. Here we utilize a satellite based “active fire” (AF) product to statistically analyze 2001–2015 variability and trends in Australian fire activity and link this to precipitation and large‐scale atmospheric structures (namely, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)) known to have potential for predicting fire activity in different regions. It is found that Australian fire activity is decreasing (during summer (December–February)) or stable, with high temporal and spatial variability. Eastern New South Wales (NSW) has the strongest decreasing trend (to the 1% confidence level), especially during the winter (JJA) season. Other significantly decreasing areas are Victoria/NSW, Tasmania, and South‐east Queensland. These decreasing fire regions are relatively highly populated, so we suggest that the declining trends are due to improved fire management, reducing the size and duration of bush fires. Almost half of all Australian AFs occur during spring (September–November). We show that there is considerable potential throughout Australia for a skillful forecast for future season fire activity based on current and previous precipitation activity, ENSO phase, and to a lesser degree, the IOD phase. This is highly variable, depending on location, e.g., the IOD phase is for more indicative of fire activity in southwest Western Australia than for Queensland.
Dryland climate change: Recent progress and challenges
Authors: Huang J. , Li Y. , Fu C. , Chen F. , Fu Q. , Dai A. , Shinoda M. , Ma Z. , Guo W. , Li Z. , Zhang L. , Liu Y. , Yu H. , He Y. , Xie Y. , Guan X. , Ji M. , Lin L. , Wang S. , Yan H. , Wang G.
Published: July 2017

Drylands are home to more than 38% of the world's population and are one of the most sensitive areas to climate change and human activities. This review describes recent progress in dryland climate change research. Recent findings indicate that the long‐term trend of the aridity index (AI) is mainly attributable to increased greenhouse gas emissions, while anthropogenic aerosols exert small effects but alter its attributions. Atmosphere‐land interactions determine the intensity of regional response. The largest warming during the last 100 years was observed over drylands and accounted for more than half of the continental warming. The global pattern and interdecadal variability of aridity changes are modulated by oceanic oscillations. The different phases of those oceanic oscillations induce significant changes in land‐sea and north‐south thermal contrasts, which affect the intensity of the westerlies and planetary waves and the blocking frequency, thereby altering global changes in temperature and precipitation. During 1948–2008, the drylands in the Americas became wetter due to enhanced westerlies, whereas the drylands in the Eastern Hemisphere became drier because of the weakened East Asian summer monsoon. Drylands as defined by the AI have expanded over the last 60 years and are projected to expand in the 21st century. The largest expansion of drylands has occurred in semiarid regions since the early 1960s. Dryland expansion will lead to reduced carbon sequestration and enhanced regional warming. The increasing aridity, enhanced warming, and rapidly growing population will exacerbate the risk of land degradation and desertification in the near future in developing countries.
A microscopic model of rate and state friction evolution
Authors: Li Tianyi , Rubin Allan M.
Published: July 2017

Whether rate‐ and state‐dependent friction evolution is primarily slip dependent or time dependent is not well resolved. Although slide‐hold‐slide experiments are traditionally interpreted as supporting the aging law, implying time‐dependent evolution, recent studies show that this evidence is equivocal. In contrast, the slip law yields extremely good fits to velocity step experiments, although a clear physical picture for slip‐dependent friction evolution is lacking. We propose a new microscopic model for rate and state friction evolution in which each asperity has a heterogeneous strength, with individual portions recording the velocity at which they became part of the contact. Assuming an exponential distribution of asperity sizes on the surface, the model produces results essentially similar to the slip law, yielding very good fits to velocity step experiments but not improving much the fits to slide‐hold‐slide experiments. A numerical kernel for the model is developed, and an analytical expression is obtained for perfect velocity steps, which differs from the slip law expression by a slow‐decaying factor. By changing the quantity that determines the intrinsic strength, we use the same model structure to investigate aging‐law‐like time‐dependent evolution. Assuming strength to increase logarithmically with contact age, for two different definitions of age we obtain results for velocity step increases significantly different from the aging law. Interestingly, a solution very close to the aging law is obtained if we apply a third definition of age that we consider to be nonphysical. This suggests that under the current aging law, the state variable is not synonymous with contact age.
Decarbonation in an intracratonic setting: Insight from petrological‐thermomechanical modeling
Authors: Gonzalez Christopher M. , Gorczyk Weronika
Published: July 2017

Cratons form the stable core roots of the continental crust. Despite long‐term stability, cratons have failed in the past. Cratonic destruction (e.g., North Atlantic Craton) due to chemical rejuvenation at the base of the lithosphere remains poorly constrained numerically. We use 2‐D petrological‐thermomechanical models to assess cratonic rifting characteristics and mantle CO2 degassing in the presence of a carbonated subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). We test two tectonothermal SCLM compositions: Archon (depleted) and Tecton (fertilized) using 2 CO2 wt % in the bulk composition to represent a metasomatized SCLM. We parameterize cratonic breakup via extensional duration (7–12 Ma; full breakup), tectonothermal age, TMoho (300–600°C), and crustal rheology. The two compositions with metasomatized SCLMs share similar rifting features and decarbonation trends during initial extension. However, we show long‐term (>67 Ma) stability differences due to lithospheric density contrasts between SCLM compositions. The Tecton model shows convective removal and thinning of the metasomatized SCLM during failed rifting. The Archon composition remained stable, highlighting the primary role for SCLM density even when metasomatized at its base. In the short‐term, three failed rifting characteristics emerge: failed rifting without decarbonation, failed rifting with decarbonation, and semifailed rifting with dry asthenospheric melting and decarbonation. Decarbonation trends were greatest in the failed rifts, reaching peak fluxes of 94 × 104 kg m−3. Increased TMoho did not alter the effects of rifting or decarbonation. Lastly, we show mantle regions where decarbonation, mantle melting in the presence of carbonate, and preservation of carbonated mantle occur during rifting.
Estimation of optimal dispersion model source parameters using satellite detections of volcanic ash
Authors: Zidikheri Meelis J. , Lucas Christopher , Potts Rodney J.
Published: July 2017

In this paper we demonstrate how parameters describing the geometry of the volcanic ash source for a particular volcanic ash dispersion model (Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT)) may be inferred by the use of satellite data and multiple trial simulations. The areas of space likely to be contaminated by ash are identified with the aid of various remote sensing techniques, and polygons are drawn around these areas as they would be in an operational setting. Dispersion model simulations are initialized by either a cylindrical source or a specified ash distribution depending on the context. Parameters of interest such as the base and top height, diameter, and optimal release time of the cylindrical source or the height of the specified ash distribution are inferred by forming a parameter grid and running multiple simulations for each parameter grid point value. Optimal values of the parameter values are identified by calculating spatial correlations between the model simulations and observations. We demonstrate that the methodology can be used to correctly infer various model parameters and improve volcanic ash forecasts in various eruption case studies.
Toward quantitative forecasts of volcanic ash dispersal: Using satellite retrievals for optimal estimation of source terms
Authors: Zidikheri Meelis J. , Lucas Christopher , Potts Rodney J.
Published: July 2017

Airborne volcanic ash is a hazard to aviation. There is an increasing demand for quantitative forecasts of ash properties such as ash mass load to allow airline operators to better manage the risks of flying through airspace likely to be contaminated by ash. In this paper we show how satellite‐derived mass load information at times prior to the issuance of the latest forecast can be used to estimate various model parameters that are not easily obtained by other means such as the distribution of mass of the ash column at the volcano. This in turn leads to better forecasts of ash mass load. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using several case studies.
Effectiveness of different kinds of antioxidants in resin‐cured bromobutyl rubber vulcanizates
Authors: Lu Na , Shen Mei , Hou Zhanfeng , K Prakashan , Xin Zhenxiang
Published: July 2017

Antioxidants are customarily used in elastomer compounds to enhance the service life of vulcanizates enduring high temperatures, but proper selection and dosage of the antioxidant is critical to obtain maximum beneficial effect. In this study, the effectiveness of several commercially available antioxidants on the performance of a resin‐cured bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) vulcanizate was investigated. The antioxidants investigated belonged to different chemical classes such as p‐phenylene diamine (antioxidant 4010NA), secondary amine (antioxidant 445), quinoline (antioxidant RD), and phenolic (antioxidants BHT, 1010, and 2246). The physicomechanical properties of the BIIR vulcanizates containing the various antioxidants were tested at room temperature, at higher temperatures, after subjecting to heat aging, and after storage. The results show that the physicomechanical properties of the BIIR vulcanizate severely deteriorate when antioxidant 4010NA is used. Among the other antioxidants used, the phenolic‐type antioxidant BHT is found to be better for the resin‐cured BIIR vulcanizate of this study.
Anti‐Markovnikov Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes: Use of a Benzyl Group as a Traceless Redox‐Active Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Lonca Geoffroy Hervé , Ong Derek Yiren , Tran Thi Mai Huong , Tejo Ciputra , Chiba Shunsuke , Gagosz Fabien
Published: July 2017

A protocol for the anti‐Markovnikov hydrofunctionalization of alkenes has been developed by the use of a benzyl group as a traceless redox‐active hydrogen donor. Under copper catalysis and in the presence of CF3‐ or N3‐containing hypervalent iodine reagents, a series of homoallylic alcohol derivatives were hydrofunctionalized regioselectivity. A similar principle was also applied to the hydrofunctionalization of alkenols.
Efficient Access to All‐Carbon Quaternary and Tertiary α‐Functionalized Homoallyl‐type Aldehydes from Ketones
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Castoldi Laura , Mazzeo Eugenia , Rui Marta , Langer Thierry , Holzer Wolfgang
Published: July 2017

β,γ‐Unsaturated aldehydes with all‐carbon quaternary or tertiary α‐centers were rapidly assembled from ketones through a unique synthetic operation consisting of 1) C1 homologation, 2) Lewis acid mediated epoxide–aldehyde isomerization, and 3) electrophilic trapping. The synthetic equivalence of a vinyl oxirane and a β,γ‐unsaturated aldehyde is the key concept of this previously undisclosed tactic. Mechanistic studies and labeling experiments suggest that an aldehyde enolate is a crucial intermediate. The homologating carbenoid formation plays a critical role in determining the chemoselectivity.
Branched Aramid Nanofibers
Authors: Zhu Jian , Yang Ming , Emre Ahmet , Bahng Joong Hwan , Xu Lizhi , Yeom Jihyeon , Yeom Bongjun , Kim Yoonseob , Johnson Kyle , Green Peter , Kotov Nicholas A.
Published: July 2017

Interconnectivity of components in three‐dimensional networks (3DNs) is essential for stress transfer in hydrogels, aerogels, and composites. Entanglement of nanoscale components in the network relies on weak short‐range intermolecular interactions. The intrinsic stiffness and rod‐like geometry of nanoscale components limit the cohesive energy of the physical crosslinks in 3DN materials. Nature realizes networked gels differently using components with extensive branching. Branched aramid nanofibers (BANFs) mimicking polymeric components of biological gels were synthesized to produce 3DNs with high efficiency stress transfer. Individual BANFs are flexible, with the number of branches controlled by base strength in the hydrolysis process. The extensive connectivity of the BANFs allows them to form hydro‐ and aerogel monoliths with an order of magnitude less solid content than rod‐like nanocomponents. Branching of nanofibers also leads to improved mechanics of gels and nanocomposites.
RadH: A Versatile Halogenase for Integration into Synthetic Pathways
Authors: Menon Binuraj R. K. , Brandenburger Eileen , Sharif Humera H. , Klemstein Ulrike , Shepherd Sarah A. , Greaney Michael F. , Micklefield Jason
Published: July 2017

Flavin‐dependent halogenases are useful enzymes for providing halogenated molecules with improved biological activity, or intermediates for synthetic derivatization. We demonstrate how the fungal halogenase RadH can be used to regioselectively halogenate a range of bioactive aromatic scaffolds. Site‐directed mutagenesis of RadH was used to identify catalytic residues and provide insight into the mechanism of fungal halogenases. A high‐throughput fluorescence screen was also developed, which enabled a RadH mutant to be evolved with improved properties. Finally we demonstrate how biosynthetic genes from fungi, bacteria, and plants can be combined to encode a new pathway to generate a novel chlorinated coumarin “non‐natural” product in E. coli.