bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Cropland on Former Rangeland and Lost Cropland from Urban Development: The “Replacement Land” Debate
Authors: Emili Lisa , Greene Richard
Published: July 2014

In this study, a land use/land cover change analysis method was developed to examine patterns of land use/land cover conversions of cropland to urban uses and conversions of rangeland to cropland uses in the United States (US) Midwest region. We used the US 2001 and 2006 National Land Cover Datasets (NLCD) for our spatial analyses of these conversion trends. Our analysis showed that the eastern part of the Midwest, like prior periods, continued to experience losses of cropland to urban expansion but at a much more rapid rate, as this was during an expansion phase of the US real estate construction cycle. The period showed a very small net loss of cropland as the loss was being balanced by gains in cropland at the expense of rangeland lost in the western part of the Midwest. We refer to this rangeland to cropland conversion as “replacement land”. We do not suggest by replacement that there is a signal in the system that interconnects the loss of a hectare of cropland to urban land by converting a hectare of rangeland to cropland, rather we highlight this spatial trend as it raises concerns about the environmental sustainability of agriculture in the western part of the region, as production is dependent on the use of irrigation and the already stressed High Plains aquifer.
Incorporation of Socio-Cultural Values in Damage Assessment Valuations of Contaminated Lands in the Niger Delta
Authors: Akujuru Victor , Ruddock Les
Published: July 2014

Damages on contaminated land have been mostly assessed for developments subsisting on the land, neglecting the goods and services derived from the land which possess only socio-cultural values. This paper aims to ascertain the importance of socio-cultural values in the total economic value of contaminated land, drawing from the experience of a coastal community oil spillage in the Niger Delta. The paper examines what constitutes a valuable interest on contaminated land and how socio-cultural factors are valued in the damage assessment process. After reviewing the literature and decided cases, a questionnaire survey was conducted and a sample valuation report was analysed. It is concluded that there exists a socio-cultural interest on contaminated land which professional valuers do not reflect in damage assessment claims. It is recommended that any comprehensive damage assessment requires the incorporation of socio-cultural values in the valuations.
Regulating Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs in the Digital Age
Authors: Gibson Shannon
Published: July 2014

The increasing prominence of new Internet and social media technologies and their growing importance as a source of health information are pushing the pharmaceutical industry towards digital channels. This paper explores the potential impacts of the pharmaceutical industry’s increasing interest in online marketing and considers how the existing regulatory framework in Canada translates into the social media sphere. Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs is prohibited in Canada, as it is in most industrialized countries. Although Health Canada has reaffirmed that the existing DTCA regulations apply to new Internet and social media technologies, new dynamics such as user-generated content, consumer propagation, and targeted marketing make applying the existing regulations an uncertain process. Moreover, certain problems often associated with DTCA may be exacerbated in the social media context. Finally, there is skepticism around whether government regulators have the resources or political will to effectively monitor new digital media. As such, this paper considers not only the role of direct government regulation in monitoring and enforcing the regulation of DTCA, but also the role of third party oversight and industry self-regulation—both of which may play an important role in filling the gaps in the regulation of the Internet and social media.
A Graphical Approach to a Model of a Neuronal Tree with a Variable Diameter
Authors: Herrera-Valdez Marco , Suslov Sergei , Vega-Guzmán José
Published: July 2014

Tree-like structures are ubiquitous in nature. In particular, neuronal axons and dendrites have tree-like geometries that mediate electrical signaling within and between cells. Electrical activity in neuronal trees is typically modeled using coupled cable equations on multi-compartment representations, where each compartment represents a small segment of the neuronal membrane. The geometry of each compartment is usually defined as a cylinder or, at best, a surface of revolution based on a linear approximation of the radial change in the neurite. The resulting geometry of the model neuron is coarse, with non-smooth or even discontinuous jumps at the boundaries between compartments. We propose a hyperbolic approximation to model the geometry of neurite compartments, a branched, multi-compartment extension, and a simple graphical approach to calculate steady-state solutions of an associated system of coupled cable equations. A simple case of transient solutions is also briefly discussed.
Endotoxin Structures in the Psychrophiles Psychromonas marina and Psychrobacter cryohalolentis Contain Distinctive Acyl Features
Authors: Sweet Charles , Alpuche Giancarlo , Landis Corinne , Sandman Benjamin
Published: July 2014

Lipid A is the essential component of endotoxin (Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide), a potent immunostimulatory compound. As the outer surface of the outer membrane, the details of lipid A structure are crucial not only to bacterial pathogenesis but also to membrane integrity. This work characterizes the structure of lipid A in two psychrophiles, Psychromonas marina and Psychrobacter cryohalolentis, and also two mesophiles to which they are related using MALDI-TOF MS and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) GC-MS. P. marina lipid A is strikingly similar to that of Escherichia coli in organization and total acyl size, but incorporates an unusual doubly unsaturated tetradecadienoyl acyl residue. P. cryohalolentis also shows structural organization similar to a closely related mesophile, Acinetobacter baumannii, however it has generally shorter acyl constituents and shows many acyl variants differing by single methylene (-CH2-) units, a characteristic it shares with the one previously reported psychrotolerant lipid A structure. This work is the first detailed structural characterization of lipid A from an obligate psychrophile and the second from a psychrotolerant species. It reveals distinctive structural features of psychrophilic lipid A in comparison to that of related mesophiles which suggest constitutive adaptations to maintain outer membrane fluidity in cold environments.
1,4-Disubstituted Thiosemicarbazide Derivatives are Potent Inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii Proliferation
Authors: Dzitko Katarzyna , Paneth Agata , Plech Tomasz , Pawełczyk Jakub , Stączek Paweł , Stefańska Joanna , Paneth Piotr
Published: July 2014

A series of 4-arylthiosemicarbazides substituted at the N1 position with a 5-membered heteroaryl ring was synthesized and evaluated in vitro for T. gondii inhibition proliferation and host cell cytotoxicity. At non-toxic concentrations for the host cells all studied compounds displayed excellent anti-parasitic effects when compared to sulfadiazine, indicating a high selectivity of their anti-T. gondii activity. The differences in bioactivity investigated by DFT calculations suggest that the inhibitory activity of 4-aryl-thiosemicarbazides towards T. gondii proliferation is connected with the electronic structure of the molecule. Further, these compounds were tested as potential antibacterial agents. No growth-inhibiting effect on any of the test microorganisms was observed for all the compounds, even at high concentrations.
Relative Quantitation of Glycopeptides Based on Stable Isotope Labeling Using MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Kurogochi Masaki , Amano Junko
Published: July 2014

We have developed an effective, sensitive method for quantitative glycopeptide profiling using stable isotope labeling and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, we synthesized benzoic acid-d0 N-succinimidyl ester (BzOSu) and benzoic acid-d5 N-succinimidyl ester (d-BzOSu) as light and heavy isotope reagents for stable isotope quantification for the comparative analysis of glycopeptides. Using this approach provided enhanced ionization efficiency in both positive and negative modes by MALDI-TOF MS. These reagents were quantitatively reacted with glycopeptides from human serum IgG (hIgG) at a wide range of concentrations; the labeling efficiency of the glycopeptides showed high reproducibility and a good calibration curve was obtained. To demonstrate the practical utility of this approach, we characterized the structures of glycopeptides from hIgG and from IgG1 produced by myeloma plasma. The glycopeptides were quantitatively analyzed by mixing Bz-labeled IgG1 glycopeptides with d-Bz-labeled hIgG glycopeptides. Glycan structural identification of the hIgG glycopeptides was demonstrated by combining the highly specific recognition of endo-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidases from Streptococcus pyogenes (endoS) or from Streptococcus pneumoniae (endo-D) with MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The obtained data revealed the glycan profile and the ratio of glycan structural isomers containing a galactosylated extension on IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 glycopetides.
A Comparative Study on the Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Iron and X-65 Steel in 4.0 wt % Sodium Chloride Solution after Different Exposure Intervals
Authors: Sherif El-Sayed
Published: July 2014

In this work, the results obtained from studying the anodic dissolution of pure iron and API X-65 5L pipeline steel after 40 min and 12 h exposure period in 4.0 wt % NaCl solutions at room temperature were reported. Potential-time, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and chronoamperometric current-time at constant potential techniques were employed. It has been found that the iron electrode corrodes in the chloride test solutions faster than the API X-65 5L steel does under the same conditions. Increasing the exposure period for the electrodes from 40 min to 12 h showed a significant reduction in the corrosion parameters for both iron and steel in the 4.0 wt % NaCl solution. Results together confirmed clearly that the X-65 steel is superior to iron against corrosion in sodium chloride solutions.
The Effects of Choline on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function and Antioxidative Status in Human Hepatic C3A Cells Exposed to Excessive Energy Substrates
Authors: Zhu Jie , Wu Yang , Tang Qingya , Leng Yan , Cai Wei
Published: July 2014

Choline plays a lipotropic role in lipid metabolism as an essential nutrient. In this study, we investigated the effects of choline (5, 35 and 70 μM) on DNA methylation modifications, mRNA expression of the critical genes and their enzyme activities involved in hepatic lipid metabolism, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in C3A cells exposed to excessive energy substrates (lactate, 10 mM; octanoate, 2 mM and pyruvate, 1 mM; lactate, octanoate and pyruvate-supplemented medium (LOP)). Thirty five micromole or 70 μM choline alone, instead of a low dose (5 μM), reduced hepatocellular triglyceride (TG) accumulation, protected Δψm from decrement and increased GSH-Px activity in C3A cells. The increment of TG accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Δψm disruption were observed under LOP treatment in C3A cells after 72 h of culture, which were counteracted by concomitant treatment of choline (35 μM or 70 μM) partially via reversing the methylation status of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gene promoter, upregulating PPARα, carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I (CPT-I) and downregulating fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expression, as well as decreasing FAS activity and increasing CPT-I and GSH-Px activities. These findings provided a novel insight into the lipotropic role of choline as a vital methyl-donor in the intervention of chronic metabolic diseases.
Vitamin C Supplementation Slightly Improves Physical Activity Levels and Reduces Cold Incidence in Men with Marginal Vitamin C Status: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Johnston Carol , Barkyoumb Gillean , Schumacher Sara
Published: July 2014

The early indications of vitamin C deficiency are unremarkable (fatigue, malaise, depression) and may manifest as a reduced desire to be physically active; moreover, hypovitaminosis C may be associated with increased cold duration and severity. This study examined the impact of vitamin C on physical activity and respiratory tract infections during the peak of the cold season. Healthy non-smoking adult men (18–35 years; BMI < 34 kg/m2; plasma vitamin C < 45 µmol/L) received either 1000 mg of vitamin C daily (n = 15) or placebo (n = 13) in a randomized, double-blind, eight-week trial. All participants completed the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey-21 daily and the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire weekly. In the final two weeks of the trial, the physical activity score rose modestly for the vitamin C group vs. placebo after adjusting for baseline values: +39.6% (95% CI [−4.5,83.7]; p = 0.10). The number of participants reporting cold episodes was 7 and 11 for the vitamin C and placebo groups respectively during the eight-week trial (RR = 0.55; 95% CI [0.33,0.94]; p = 0.04) and cold duration was reduced 59% in the vitamin C versus placebo groups (−3.2 days; 95% CI [−7.0,0.6]; p = 0.06). These data suggest measurable health advantages associated with vitamin C supplementation in a population with adequate-to-low vitamin C status.
Effects of ω3- and ω6-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation of RAW264.7 Cells: A Comparative in Vitro Study
Authors: Boeyens Jan , Deepak Vishwa , Chua Wei-Hang , Kruger Marlena , Joubert Annie , Coetzee Magdalena
Published: July 2014

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to have an anabolic effect on bone in vivo, but comparative studies to identify inhibitors of osteoclast formation amongst ω3- and ω6-PUFAs are still lacking. Here we assessed the effects of the ω3-PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the ω6-PUFAs, arachidonic acid (AA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA) on a RAW264.7 osteoclast differentiation model. The effects of PUFAs on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation were evaluated by counting tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells. PUFAs significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner with AA- and DHA-mediated inhibition being the strongest. Furthermore, RANKL-induced mRNA- and protein expression of the key osteoclastogenic genes cathepsin K and TRAP were inhibited by AA and more potently by DHA. Owing to the attenuated osteoclastogenesis by DHA and AA, actin ring formation and bone resorptive activity of these cells as evaluated on bone-mimetic plates were severely compromised. Hence, of the tested PUFAs, AA and DHA were found to be the most effective in inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast formation with the latter providing the strongest inhibitory effects. Collectively, the data indicates that these PUFAs may play an important role in regulating bone diseases characterized by excessive osteoclast activity.
An Odor Interaction Model of Binary Odorant Mixtures by a Partial Differential Equation Method
Authors: Yan Luchun , Liu Jiemin , Wang Guihua , Wu Chuandong
Published: July 2014

A novel odor interaction model was proposed for binary mixtures of benzene and substituted benzenes by a partial differential equation (PDE) method. Based on the measurement method (tangent-intercept method) of partial molar volume, original parameters of corresponding formulas were reasonably displaced by perceptual measures. By these substitutions, it was possible to relate a mixture’s odor intensity to the individual odorant’s relative odor activity value (OAV). Several binary mixtures of benzene and substituted benzenes were respectively tested to establish the PDE models. The obtained results showed that the PDE model provided an easily interpretable method relating individual components to their joint odor intensity. Besides, both predictive performance and feasibility of the PDE model were proved well through a series of odor intensity matching tests. If combining the PDE model with portable gas detectors or on-line monitoring systems, olfactory evaluation of odor intensity will be achieved by instruments instead of odor assessors. Many disadvantages (e.g., expense on a fixed number of odor assessors) also will be successfully avoided. Thus, the PDE model is predicted to be helpful to the monitoring and management of odor pollutions.
Phages Preying on Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Gillis Annika , Mahillon Jacques
Published: July 2014

Many bacteriophages (phages) have been widely studied due to their major role in virulence evolution of bacterial pathogens. However, less attention has been paid to phages preying on bacteria from the Bacillus cereus group and their contribution to the bacterial genetic pool has been disregarded. Therefore, this review brings together the main information for the B. cereus group phages, from their discovery to their modern biotechnological applications. A special focus is given to phages infecting Bacillus anthracis, B. cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. These phages belong to the Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae and Tectiviridae families. For the sake of clarity, several phage categories have been made according to significant characteristics such as lifestyles and lysogenic states. The main categories comprise the transducing phages, phages with a chromosomal or plasmidial prophage state, γ-like phages and jumbo-phages. The current genomic characterization of some of these phages is also addressed throughout this work and some promising applications are discussed here.
C–H-Functionalization logic guides the synthesis of a carbacyclopamine analog
Authors: Rabe Sebastian , Moschner Johann , Bantzi Marina , Heretsch Philipp , Giannis Athanassios
Published: July 2014

The chemical synthesis of carbacyclopamine analog 2, a cyclopamine analog with an all-carbon E-ring, is reported. The use of C–H-functionalization logic and further metal-catalyzed transformations allows for a concise entry to this new class of acid-stable cyclopamine analogs.
INVESTIGATION OF THE CHANGE OF THE SHOPPING MALL’S SPACE ORGANIZATION IN ISTANBUL
Authors: Ozorhon Guliz , Ozorhon Ilker Fatih
Published: July 2014

Within the scope of this article shopping malls were discussed as a building type and the evolution of a building type was tried to be witnessed within a twenty-five year period by comparing the early and late examples of shopping malls in Istanbul. The change of Istanbul’s shopping culture / spaces and the inclusion of shopping centers into the practice of architecture as a building type are briefly mentioned . Each of the selected malls were separately examined in terms of location, concept, space organization and other functions included, and in the fourth section both early and late examples were evaluated together in the same terms with a holistic perspective. The effect of shopping malls, the number of which constantly increases in Istanbul, on the city and its architecture is highly important. These massive bodies of buildings play a significant role in the formation and even definition of the new settlement areas of the city, and generate new areas of attraction. Due to these reasons, from location to architectural characteristic, from schedule to interior quality, they need to be designed punctiliously and with the consideration of the effects at all levels.
DEVELOPING A NEW PARADIGM FOR PERFORMANCE OF EDUCATING CITY THEORY IN ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MEGA-CITIES, CASE: TEHRAN, IRAN
Authors: Amini Masoome , Mahdavinejad Mohammadjavad , Bemanian Mohammad Reza , Varzaneh Elham Hatami
Published: July 2014

Considering the growth of the world’s population and the need for educated individuals, the development of technology among the young generation, is now felt more than ever. This issue offers countless opportunities for education. So, many urban managers and city authorities try to consider all available options to achieve this goal. Nowadays, educating cities are the framework for development on local, civil and commercial levels all over the world. Tehran as the capital of Iran is a city where people with different cultures and expectations live. This means that the city authorities must perform various programs to satisfy people’s expectations, thus the role of urban management is extremely valuable, and MPOs must make intelligent decisions in this area. The goal of this paper is to examine the current state of Tehran and the projects related to its potential as an educating city in recent years, and also to evaluate the capability of Tehran to advance to the state of the educating city. The key question is: “How does Tehran fulfill the prerequisites of the principles for educating cities?” And “Which criteria need to be reconsidered for this purpose?” The results of the research show that Tehran has a lots of obstacles had yet to be overcome to meet Educating City goals and objectives.
De l'« attention flottante » de Freud à l'« expression associative » de Marty. Une nouvelle perspective dans la méthode psychanalytique
Authors: Botella César
Published: July 2014

Les notions issues de la pratique psychosomatique de Pierre Marty élargissent les possibilités de la méthode freudienne. Principalement l’ Expression associative, une élaboration, chez l’analyste, consciente et/ou inconsciente, des perceptions advenant par la vue. Décrite par l’auteur comme attention flottante perceptive , elle peut aboutir à un sens possible qui permettrait de mieux traiter les organisations où dominent l’acte et le perceptif. Un apport pour les cures des patients limites.
Pulsions, avez-vous une vie ?
Authors: Chervet Bernard
Published: July 2014

Chaque avancée de Freud dans sa théorie des pulsions a donné lieu à des résistances, parfois des polémiques, au mieux des débats et controverses. Les grandes controverses qui ont traversé l’histoire de la pensée humaine ne seraient-elles pas liées aux caractères mêmes qui définissent les pulsions, la satisfaction hallucinatoire de la sexualité infantile transgressive, l’origine sexuelle du narcissisme avec ses vexations conséquentes, la qualité régressive jusqu’à l’inorganique exigeant un travail psychique aux éprouvés de perte. Cette régressivité extinctive place le traumatique au cœur même de toute pulsion, et nous oblige à concevoir un acte fondateur, placé sous l’égide d’un impératif d’inscription, apte à donner vie aux pulsions, à leur donner corps, matière et parole.
La négativité des affects dans la clinique des patients cancéreux
Authors: Savvopoulos Savvas
Published: July 2014

Au traitement avec le patient cancéreux, l’analyste souvent est interpellé par la clinique négative qui peut concerner tant le perceptif endosomatique que l’affect. Le déni et particulièrement l’hallucination négative, tant chez le sujet que chez son médecin traitant, sont investigués à partir de deux cas cliniques. La capacité tant contenante que transformatrice du thérapeute est constamment sollicitée afin que le sujet puisse avoir accès à des parties de soi et de sa subjectivité négativées et s’approprier ainsi son histoire et sa subjectivité.
A true scale study of the maize chain with focus on free and hidden fumonisins and related fungi
Authors: Falavigna C. , Dall'Asta C. , Decontardi S. , Galaverna G. , Battilani P.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this work was to study the dynamic profile of mycotoxin producing fungi as well as the accumulation of free and hidden fumonisins along the maize chain. Raw maize was sampled at harvest, at the storehouse and after drying. The study continued on the dried maize bulk along the storage period in a commercial silo, which was sampled during discharge at 6, 7, 8 and 10 months. Finally, the flour obtained after kernel milling and corresponding to the silo discharges was investigated. The sampling approach, designed in agreement with EU regulations and tested for reliability, was used along the maize chain, obtaining very good results. The prevalent fungi found in maize kernels belonged toFusarium sectionLiseola. Comparable results, in terms of both fungal incidence and fumonisin contamination, were obtained for the samples collected at harvest and at the storehouse, opening the possibility to adapt the maize chain monitoring to the needs of the farmer/enterprise. A reduction in fungal colony forming units was noticed after drying, supposedly due to the thermal treatment. Very similar amounts of free and hidden fumonisins were detected in raw maize and after drying, confirming the reliability of the sampling approach. During silo storage, up till to 10 months, a significant decrease was recorded for both free and hidden fumonisins. A significant increase in the free-to-total fumonisin ratio was observed moving from stored kernels to commercial flour, suggesting that milling leads to a reduction of the masked fraction. This result, together with the increase of free fumonisins after maize drying, should be considered in future studies. Especially the effect of drying conditions and milling treatments on the fumonisin masking phenomena should be further investigated.
Dva kartuzijanska antifonarja iz 13. stoletja in vprašanje enotnosti kartuzijanskega liturgičnoglasbenega izročila
Authors: Šter Katarina
Published: July 2014

Razprava obravnava sorodnosti med dvema po ugotovitvah kartuzijanskih avtorjev zelo podobnima antifonarjema iz 13. stoletja, ki sta bila v rabi v kartuzijah Žiče in Sainte-Croix-en-Jarez. Podobnosti in razlike med rokopisoma so prikazane v primerjavi njune liturgične vsebine ter na primeru značilnih melodičnih obrazcev in melodij spevov iz dveh izbranih oficijev.
„Pietate, eruditione atque rerum experientia vir præclarus“: der Komponist und Kleriker Georgius Prenner - Pyrenæus Carniolus
Authors: Motnik Marko
Published: July 2014

The clergyman and composer Georg Prenner can indubitably be regarded as one of the most outstanding figures originating from the Slovenian ethnic territory in the second half of the sixteenth century. The present paper summarizes the preliminary findings and provides new scholarly insights into Prenner’s biography, his social environment, his religious and cultural life, his priestly career and, finally, his remarkable personality.
Elektroakustična glasba v Sloveniji nekoč in danes: alternativa ali mainstream?
Authors: Pompe Gregor
Published: July 2014

Kratek pregled začetkov slovenske elektroakustične glasbe služi kot izhodišče za prediranje v sočasno ukvarjanje z elektronskim medijem. Na osnovi ankete, opravljene med reprezentativnimi slovenskimi glasbeniki, ki se ukvarjajo z elektroakustično glasbo in pripadajo različnim glasbenim žanrom, so izpostavljeni vzroki za sodobno aktualnost elektronskega medija.
Zgodovina, spomin in dediščina: prisotnost Glasbene matice v slovenski glasbi in kulturi do konca drugega desetletja 20. stoletja
Authors: Cigoj Krstulović Nataša
Published: July 2014

Odnos kulture in identitete je v slovenski zgodovini videti jasen še zlasti v drugi polovici 19. stoletja. Glasbena matica je svojo različnost do druge kulture vzpostavljala dvosmerno: s politično naravnanostjo preko zahtev za avtonomijo lastne kulture po eni strani, in z etnično usmerjenostjo preko prizadevanj za samosvojost slovenske glasbe po drugi strani.
Glasbeno izobraževanje v ljubljanskih šolah v drugi polovici 16. in na začetku 17. stoletja
Authors: Grabnar Klemen
Published: July 2014

V prispevku je predstavljeno glasbeno delo v štirih ključnih izobraževalnih ustanovah v Ljubljani v času med 1550 in 1630: v protestantski nemški šoli, stanovski latinski šoli, stolni šoli pri sv. Nikolaju in v jezuitskem kolegiju, omenjena pa je tudi glasbenopedagoška dejavnost v šoli samostana nemškega viteškega reda.
Sudbina nacionalnih historiografija u globalnom kontekstu
Authors: Sedak Eva
Published: July 2014

V evrocentristično usmerjenih zgodovinah glasbe so imele nacionalne glasbene kulture podrejeno vlogo. V drugi polovici 20. stoletja je proces globalizacije bistveno spremenil razmerja med centrom in periferijo ter relativiziral pojem nacionalnega. V novih razmerah je treba najti novo glasbenozgodovinopisno paradigmo, ki bo zajela vso kompleksnost odnosov in aspektov, kot jih v zgodovini glasbe prepoznava sodobna teoretična misel.
Glasbena ustvarjalnost in poustvarjalnost Valvasorjevih potomcev na Slovenskem v 19. in prvi polovici 20. stoletja
Authors: Golec Boris
Published: July 2014

Prispevek obravnava do nedavna neznane potomce kranjskega polihistorja Janeza Vajkarda Valvasorja (1641–1693), tako ali drugače povezane z glasbeno ustvarjalnostjo in poustvarjalnostjo v slovenskem prostoru. Pripadali so zadnjim na Slovenskem živečim generacijam polihistorjevega rodu in izšli iz vseh treh vej Valvasorjevega potomstva, ki so se razdelile v sedemdesetih letih 18. stoletja. Sredi 19. stoletja so se skoraj vsi njihovi člani preselili s slovenske Štajerske v Gradec, toda prav vsi, ki so se dokumentirano ukvarjali z glasbo, so vsaj del življenja preživeli na Slovenskem. Razvejano potomstvo Janeza Vajkarda Valvasorja (do danes okoli 250 oseb) je od vseh umetnosti najbolj povezano prav z glasbeno.
Two operatic seasons of brothers Mingotti in Ljubljana
Authors: Kokole Metoda
Published: July 2014

The brothers Angelo and Pietro Mingotti between 1736 and 1746 based in Graz organised during this period also two operatic seasons in Ljubljana, one in 1740 and the other in 1742. Two serious operas (Artaserse andRosmira) with comic intermezzi (Pimpinone e Vespetta) were produced in 1740 by Angelo Mingotti. Two years later, just before leaving Graz for the engagements in the North, Pietro Mingotti brought another two operas to Ljubljana, Didone abbandonata and Il Demetrio. The former was performed also in 1744 in Hamburg with some of the same singers who apparently used mostly an earlier score, possibly first checked out in Graz and Ljubljana. The comparative analysis of productions in Ljubljana confirms that these operas were mostly pasticcios. Pietro’s Didone abbandonata, however, shows that he was more and more attentive also to music integrity of his productions, choosing to use music by mostly one composer, for example Paolo Scalabrini in the case of Didone.
Orgle na Kranjskem do izteka 17. stoletja
Authors: Trček Katarina
Published: July 2014

Orgle predstavljajo pomembno sestavino slovenske kulturne zgodovine, saj so bile s svojim značilnim zvokom močno prisotne v zavesti vseh slojev prebivalstva. Na Kranjskem so se začele pojavljati v drugi pol. 15. stol. V ohranjenih arhivskih virih so podatki o 34 lokacijah z orglami do konca 17. stol. (skoraj izključno le cerkve) in o 44 glasbilih, vendar je bilo tako lokacij kot glasbil najbrž več. Največje kranjske orgle z ohranjeno dispozicijo so imele devet manualnih registrov.
Analysis of Kinematics and Design of Structure Parameters for a Bionic Parallel Leg
Authors: Cui Bing Yan , Chen Li Wen
Published: July 2014

This paper proposed a novel bionic walking leg which has three branches of 6-DOF, using 3-UPS parallel mechanism as the prototype, it has good advantage of compact structure and strong bearing capacity. Kinematics research of mechanism is very important, the dynamic analysis and the design are based on kinematics analysis. And the kinematics performance of the bionic walking leg is analyzed and the structure parameters are optimized. First, the kinematics transmission equation of the bionic walking leg is established, and using the norm theory the kinematics performance evaluation indexes are defined, and kinematics characteristics are analyzed. Then, application space model theory the structure parameters of the bionic walking leg are designed, and using of the Monte Carlo parameters selecting method based on the global kinematics performance atlas, the optimal structural parameters are given. Analysis results show that kinematics transmission performance indexes display the symmetric distribution of the bionic walking leg, the static platform radius is 120mm, moving platform radius is 50mm, and the height of the static platform and moving platform initial posture is 700mm. Finally, using the optimal structural size parameters, the virtual prototype of the bionic walking leg is designed. So,it has very important significances of theory and engineering to study and open out parallel mechanisms as the leg mechanisms of bionic walking legs.
Preparation and Characterization of DPCD Coating on Mg-Ca-Zn Magnesium Alloy by a Phosphating Treatment
Authors: Bao Quan He , Li Xiang Xiang , Zhang Chen , Sun Chao
Published: July 2014

A dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O, DCPD) coating is prepared to reduce the biodegradation rate of Mg–Ca–Zn alloy. The substrate is immersed into a solution with Ca(NO3)2·4 H2O 0.1 mol/L and Na3PO4 0.1 mol/L to obtain calcium phosphate coating. Surface morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical composition is determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and EDX. The biodegradable behavior is investigated by immersion tests. The results show that calcium phosphate coating consists of many flake particles and with immersion time increasing, the coating thickness increased and became more uniform and smooth. The coating can reduce the biodegradation rate of Mg alloys in Hank’s.
Cardiac Imaging in RASopathies/Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Syndromes
Authors: Gravino Rita , Pacileo Giuseppe
Published: July 2014

RASopathies include a spectrum of disorders due to dysregulation of RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase pathway that plays an essential role in the control of the cell cycle and differentiation. As a consequence, its dysregulation has profound developmental consequences, in particular cardiac malformations. RASopathies with cardiac features are: Noonan syndrome, multiple lentigines syndrome, cardio-faciocutaneous syndrome, Costello syndrome, neurofibromatosis- 1, Legius syndrome, neurofibromatosis- Noonan syndrome. The former syndromes are associated with a high rate of cardiac involvement (60-85%) and 12 genes: PTPN11, SOS1, RAF1, KRAS, HRAS, BRAF, MEK1/MAP2K1, MEK2/MAP2K2, NRAS, SHOC2, CBL and SPRED1. Although the majority of these diseases are readily distinguishable in clinical terms, an integrated imaging study of the cardiac condition associated to RASopathies helps to better define risk assessment, surveillance, and management of these patients.
A retrospective analysis of two-month sputum smear non-conversion in new sputum smear positive tuberculosis patients in the Free State Province, South Africa
Authors: Kigozi Nanteza Gladys , Chikobvu Perpetual , Heunis James Christoffel , Van der Merwe Sonja
Published: July 2014

Little is known about the drivers of twomonth sputum smear non-conversion in the South African context. Our study sought to determine these factors in new sputum smear positive tuberculosis (TB) patients in South Africa’s Free State Province. A retrospective record review was conducted for all TB patients on treatment between 2003 and 2009. Twomonth sputum smear non-conversion was defined by a positive sputum smear result. Data was subjected to univariate, bivariate and regression analyses. Generalized linear regression models were used to estimate the risk for two-month sputum smear non-conversion. Age, pre-treatment sputum smear grading, HIV status and TB disease classification influenced two-month sputum smear non-conversion. Significant associations were thus established between health systems, microbiological, clinical and demographic factors, and two-month sputum smear non-conversion. This study provides program managers with evidence to support the development of more tailored TB care.
Parabolic optimal control problems on evolving surfaces subject to point-wise box constraints on the control – theory and numerical realization
Authors: Vierling Morten
Published: July 2014

We consider control-constrained linear-quadratic optimal control problems on evolving hypersurfaces in

\mathbb R^{n+1}

. In order to formulate well-posed problems, we prove existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for the state equation, in the sense of vector-valued distributions. We then carry out and prove convergence of the variational discretization of a distributed optimal control problem. In the process, we investigate the convergence of a fully discrete approximation of the state equation, and obtain optimal orders of convergence under weak regularity assumptions. We conclude with a numerical example.
An overdetermined problem with non-constant boundary condition
Authors: Bianchini Chiara , Henrot Antoine , Salani Paolo
Published: July 2014

We investigate an overdetermined torsion problem, with a non-constant positively homogeneous boundary constraint on the gradient. We interpret this problem as the Euler equation of a shape optimization problem, we prove existence and regularity of a solution. Moreover several geometric properties of the solution are shown.
JADE: A tool for medical researchers to explore adverse drug events using health claims data
Authors: Sauter S.K. , Rinner C. , Neuhofer L.M. , Wolzt M. , Grossmann W. , Endel G. , Gall W. , Edlinger D.
Published: July 2014

Objective: The objective of our project was to create a tool for physicians to explore health claims data with regard to adverse drug reactions. The Java Adverse Drug Event (JADE) tool should enable the analysis of prescribed drugs in connection with diagnoses from hospital stays.

Methods: We calculated the number of days drugs were taken by using the defined daily doses and estimated possible interactions between dispensed drugs using the Austria Codex, a database including drug-drug interactions. The JADE tool was implemented using Java, R and a PostgreSQL database.

Results: Beside an overview of the study cohort which includes selection of gender and age groups, selected statistical methods like association rule learning, logistic regression model and the number needed to harm have been implemented.

Conclusion: The JADE tool can support physicians during their planning of clinical trials by showing the occurrences of adverse drug events with population based information.

Citation: Edlinger D, Sauter SK, Rinner C, Neuhofer LM, Wolzt M, Grossmann W, Endel G, Gall W. JADE: A tool for medical researchers to explore adverse drug events using health claims data. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 621–629

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-04-RA-0036
Impacts of climate and emission changes on nitrogen deposition in Europe: a multi-model study
Authors: Simpson D. , Andersson C. , Christensen J.H. , Engardt M. , Geels C. , Nyiri A. , Posch M. , Soares J. , Sofiev M. , Wind P. , Langner J.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The impact of climate and emissions changes on the deposition of reactive nitrogen (Nr) over Europe was studied using four offline regional chemistry transport models (CTMs) driven by the same global projection of future climate over the period 2000–2050. Anthropogenic emissions for the years 2005 and 2050 were used for simulations of both present and future periods in order to isolate the impact of climate change, hemispheric boundary conditions and emissions, and to assess the robustness of the results across the different models. The results from these four CTMs clearly show that the main driver of future N-deposition changes is the specified emission change. Under the specified emission scenario for 2050, emissions of oxidised nitrogen were reduced substantially, whereas emissions of NH3 increase to some extent, and these changes are largely reflected in the modelled concentrations and depositions. The lack of sulfur and oxidised nitrogen in the future atmosphere results in a much larger fraction of NHx being present in the form of gaseous ammonia. Predictions for wet and total deposition were broadly consistent, although the three fine-scale models resolve European emission areas and changes better than the hemispheric-scale model. The biggest difference in the models is for predictions of individual N compounds. One model (EMEP) was used to explore changes in critical loads, also in conjunction with speculative climate-induced increases in NH3 emissions. These calculations suggest that the area of ecosystems that exceeds critical loads is reduced from 64% for year 2005 emissions levels to 50% for currently estimated 2050 levels. A possible climate-induced increase in NH3 emissions could worsen the situation, with areas exceeded increasing again to 57% (for a 30% NH3 emission increase).
A video precipitation sensor for imaging and velocimetry of hydrometeors
Authors: Liu X. C. , Gao T. C. , Liu L.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. A new method to determine the shape and fall velocity of hydrometeors by using a single CCD camera is proposed in this paper, and a prototype of a video precipitation sensor (VPS) is developed. The instrument consists of an optical unit (collimated light source with multi-mode fibre cluster), an imaging unit (planar array CCD sensor), an acquisition and control unit, and a data processing unit. The cylindrical space between the optical unit and imaging unit is sampling volume (300 mm × 40 mm × 30 mm). As the precipitation particles fall through the sampling volume, the CCD camera exposes twice in a single frame, which allows the double exposure of particles images to be obtained. The size and shape can be obtained by the images of particles; the fall velocity can be calculated by particle displacement in the double-exposure image and interval time; the drop size distribution and velocity distribution, precipitation intensity, and accumulated precipitation amount can be calculated by time integration. The innovation of VPS is that the shape, size, and velocity of precipitation particles can be measured by only one planar array CCD sensor, which can address the disadvantages of a linear scan CCD disdrometer and an impact disdrometer. Field measurements of rainfall demonstrate the VPS's capability to measure micro-physical properties of single particles and integral parameters of precipitation.
Contiguous polarisation spectra of the Earth from 300 to 850 nm measured by GOME-2 onboard MetOp-A
Authors: Tilstra L. G. , Lang R. , Munro R. , Aben I. , Stammes P.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. In this paper we present the first contiguous high-resolution spectra of the Earth's polarisation observed by a satellite instrument. The measurements of the Stokes fraction Q/I are performed by the spectrometer GOME-2 onboard the MetOp-A satellite. Polarisation measurements by GOME-2 are performed by onboard polarisation measurement devices (PMDs) and the high-resolution measurements discussed in this paper are taken in the special "PMD RAW" mode of operation. The spectral resolution of these PMD RAW polarisation measurements varies from 3 nm in the ultraviolet (UV) to 35 nm in the near-infrared wavelength range. We first compare measurements of the polarisation from cloud-free scenes with radiative transfer calculations for a number of cases. We find good agreement but also a spectral discrepancy at 800 nm, which we attribute to remaining imperfections in the calibration key data. Secondly, we study the polarisation of scenes with special scattering geometries that normally lead to near-zero Q/I. The GOME-2 polarisation spectra indeed show this behaviour and confirm the existence of the small discrepancy found earlier. Thirdly, we study the Earth polarisation for a variety of scenes. This provides a blueprint of Q/I over land and sea surfaces for various degrees of cloud cover. Fourthly, we compare the spectral dependence of measurements of Q/I in the UV with the generalised distribution function proposed by Schutgens and Stammes (2002) to describe the shape of the UV polarisation spectrum. The GOME-2 data confirm that these functions match the spectral behaviour captured by the GOME-2 PMD RAW mode.
Time of emergence of trends in ocean biogeochemistry
Authors: Keller K. M. , Joos F. , Raible C. C.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. For the detection of climate change, not only the magnitude of a trend signal is of significance. An essential issue is the time period required by the trend to be detectable in the first place. An illustrative measure for this is time of emergence (ToE), that is, the point in time when a signal finally emerges from the background noise of natural variability. We investigate the ToE of trend signals in different biogeochemical and physical surface variables utilizing a multi-model ensemble comprising simulations of 17 Earth system models (ESMs). We find that signals in ocean biogeochemical variables emerge on much shorter timescales than the physical variable sea surface temperature (SST). The ToE patterns of pCO2 and pH are spatially very similar to DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon), yet the trends emerge much faster – after roughly 12 yr for the majority of the global ocean area, compared to between 10 and 30 yr for DIC. ToE of 45–90 yr are even larger for SST. In general, the background noise is of higher importance in determining ToE than the strength of the trend signal. In areas with high natural variability, even strong trends both in the physical climate and carbon cycle system are masked by variability over decadal timescales. In contrast to the trend, natural variability is affected by the seasonal cycle. This has important implications for observations, since it implies that intra-annual variability could question the representativeness of irregularly sampled seasonal measurements for the entire year and, thus, the interpretation of observed trends.
Carbon isotopes support Atlantic meridional overturning circulation decline as a trigger for early deglacial CO2 rise
Authors: Schmittner A. , Lund D. C.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The mechanism for the observed initial rise of atmospheric CO2 during the last deglaciation remains unknown. Most recent hypotheses invoke Southern Hemisphere processes such as shifts in mid-latitude westerly winds. Here we compare simulations from a global, coupled climate-biogeochemistry model including carbon isotopes (δ13C) with a synthesis of high-resolution deep sea δ13C reconstructions as well as ice core data. The reconstructions from Heinrich Stadial Event 1 (HS1, ~ 19–15 ka BP) are constistent with model simulations of a large multi-millennial reduction of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Our results suggest that the rise in atmospheric CO2 and decrease in its δ13C composition (δ13CO2) observed during the early deglacial may have been caused by an AMOC induced decline of the ocean's biologically sequestered carbon storage without the need to invoke changes in Southern Hemisphere winds.