bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discontinuity characterization of rock strata using borehole wall imagery and scanline
Authors: Zulfahmi Z. , Umar Datin F. , Madiutomo N. , Daranin E.A. , Wijaya T. , Gunawan  , Setiawan L.
Published: December 2023

Rock discontinuity mapping techniques, such as scanlines on slopes or exposed vertical surfaces, can collect data on discontinuity characteristics required to assess the rock’s stability. When slope conditions are highly weathered, or it is challenging to identify discontinuity characteristics using a scanline mapping survey, other methods must be used to obtain this information. One of them employs borehole wall acoustic imaging. This method is sophisticated, fast, and accurate for getting discontinuity characteristic data, but it has a disadvantage in that it requires preliminary drilling work. This issue can be solved if it is done in conjunction with the work of exploration or geotechnical drilling. This study aims to compare the discontinuity characterization data recorded using borehole wall acoustic imaging and scanline methods by considering the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. The characterization data is essential for assessing rock mass quality. When these two methods are combined in mining activities, they will provide added value by utilizing the right technology and ensuring high accuracy while following good mining practices.
Moho Depth Estimation and The Presence of Subducting Slab in West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau Islands Regions Using Teleseismic Receiver Function Method: A Preliminary Result
Authors: Zarkasi M H , Ariyanto P , Marsono A , Pranata B , Daryono  , Adi S P
Published: December 2023

The teleseismic receiver function method was used to investigate the crustal structure in West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau Islands regions. These regions have a high level of seismicity because it is in an active tectonic zone where the oblique subduction between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates occurs. This study aims to determine the depth of Moho discontinuity and the presence of subducting slab beneath 6 BMKG seismic stations that form a line perpendicular to the trench and cover 3 different geological zones. PPSI and RASM are in the forearc zone, SKSM is in the volcanic arc zone, and MBBI, JMBI, and DSRI are in the back-arc zone. This study used teleseismic earthquake record data with epicentral distance between 30°-90° from the receiver and magnitude 6 or more. The iterative time-domain deconvolution and receiver function migration techniques were applied to estimate the depth of Moho discontinuity and the presence of subducting slab. The depth of Moho discontinuity in West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau Islands regions ranges from 21-39 km and generally deeper in the volcanic arc zone possibly due to the isostatic effect. Moho is at a depth of 21-29 km in the forearc zone, 36-39 km in the volcanic arc zone, and 30-36 km in the back-arc zone. Then the subducting slab was observed at a depth of 20 km under PPSI station to 200 km under MBBI station.
On the application of Transient Electromagnetics (TEM) and DC-resistivity methods for groundwater level detection in the Cipatat karst area
Authors: Jubaedah Neng E. , Parnadi Wahyudi W.
Published: December 2023

Due to mountainous morphology, meeting the freshwater demand for daily consumption in some villages in the Citatah karst area is problematic. Some water springs exist in some parts of the valley and slopes. The water flows through pipes connecting people’s houses by pumping it using electricity. To know the potential of the groundwater in the area, we conducted geophysical surveys in a test area close to known dig wells. These are Transient Electromagnetic (TEM) and DC-resistivity methods. TEM data were collected using an in–loop transmitter-receiver configuration with Temfast 48 devices with 5 m × 5 m and 10 m × 10 m wire loops. We acquired resistivity data using a 4-point light 10w IP device, producing resistivity and chargeability data. In this preliminary result, we show only resistivity distribution. We validated the processed TEM and resistivity data with the data from seven dig wells. Our results deliver good results. The resistivity data reveals low resistivity anomalies ranging from 26.5 Ωm to 58.5 Ωm. This low resistivity zone lies at 0.6 m – 1.45 m depth associated with groundwater level.
Co-seismic Ground Deformation Monitoring on Brebes-Segment of Baribis-Kendeng Fault Zone Based on Sentinel-1 Data
Authors: Prasetio Aditya Dwi , Muslim Dicky , Sadewo Muhammad Suwongso , Anggono Titi , Febriani Febty , Syuhada  , Dewi Cinantya Nirmala , Hasib Mohamad
Published: December 2023

Co-seismic deformation is a sudden change in the earth’s surface in a fault zone. Therefore, with modern satellite imagery, it is possible to investigate. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from Mission Sentinel-1 is one example of satellite imagery that can be used to identify deformation. We employ the interferometry method by utilizing the Interferometric synthetic aperture radar Scientific Computing Environment (ISCE) and another InSAR software to monitor the co-seismic ground deformation in the form of line-of-sight (LOS) displacement. This research focused on the Brebes Segment of the Baribis-Kendeng Fault Zone and applied the interferometry method for the March 22, 2015, Balapulang earthquake (M4.7) and December 11, 2020, Brebes earthquake (M4.2). The earthquake event choice is based on the shallow depth of the hypocenter, which represents the earthquake originating from the fault in the crustal, not the megathrust subduction. The results show that despite the earthquake occurring under the thick quaternary sediment of the north shore of Java Island, the deformation caused by the co-seismic is still emerging to the surface. The LOS displacement was detected within the range of 6 cm from the ascending and descending track of the satellite sensors. Furthermore, this result may provide new information on the Baribis-Kendeng Fault zone, specifically the Brebes Segment.
Perceived and Received Social Support and Illness Acceptance Among Breast Cancer Patients: The Serial Mediation of Meaning-Making and Fear of Recurrence
Authors: Krok Dariusz , Telka Ewa , Kocur Dagna
Published: December 2023

Background and Purpose

The literature indicates connections between social support and acceptance of a personal diagnosis of breast cancer, but these relationships are likely to be mediated due to numerous connections between social support and illness acceptance with meaning-making and fear of recurrence. We decided to investigate whether meaning-making and fear of recurrence serially mediated the relationship between perceived and received social support and illness acceptance.

Methods

The current research examined 246 adult women patients with a breast cancer diagnosis who were undergoing radiotherapy/chemotherapy treatment in oncological hospitals. This cross-sectional study based on a mediational model was reported according to the STROBE checklist.

Results

Our results supported the mediational model in which meaning-making and fear of recurrence serially mediated the relationship of both perceived and received social support with illness acceptance. Furthermore, the mediating power of meaning-making was more significant than the fear of recurrence.

Conclusion

Meaning structures and anxiety played an important mediating role in breast cancer patients. Finding additional meaning and goals and experiencing lower fear enables the patients to effectively make use of social support and accept their illness.

Practice implications

The current study identified factors that increase illness acceptance among breast cancer patients as it showed that patients can gain a greater understanding of the nature of their illness by becoming more aware of their own goals and values and reduce anxiety by learning about their current state of the illness.
Voices Behind Images: Exploring Left-Behind Children’s Lives with Grandparents through Photovoice
Authors: Wang Yihang , Lu Shuang , Fu Linyun , Du Nan , Xu Duoduo
Published: December 2023

Today, many children are living with their grandparents in rural hometowns whilst their parents migrate to work in cities. This qualitative study explores these left-behind children’s perspectives of grandparental involvement in their lives through Photovoice. Thirty left-behind children (63% female, mean age = 12 years) in a major labour-sending rural area in southwest China joined five-session Photovoice groups, during which they took photos that best represented their lives with their grandparents. Visual data of eighty-four photos were analysed with thematic analysis. The most prominent themes were living environments and daily routines with grandparents, followed by grandparents’ material support, time spent together, reciprocal support and perceived cultural traditions from the grandparents. Boys highlighted more material support from their grandparents in their shared photos, whereas girls focused more on their perceptions of cultural traditions being passed from their grandparents. This study illustrates the multifaceted nature of intergenerational solidarity and highlights the protective roles grandparents play in left-behind families in the labour migration context. The findings suggest the importance of using strength-based, culturally sensitive social work research (e.g. Photovoice techniques) and practices (e.g. community empowerment) to foster quality grandparental companionship and intergenerational bonding in left-behind families.
Study of Pharmacokinetics for Ivermectin B1a from Beagle Dogs
Authors: Chen Yuyang , Huang Xiaofang , Guo Zizheng , Zhang Jingyu , Zhang Lixin , Dai Renke
Published: December 2023

Ivermectin has been widely used for antiparasitic drug, and has recently shown a broad-spectrum antiviral activity, including anti-Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the pharmacokinetic property of ivermectin has not been fully investigated yet. During the plasma preparation, ~32–46% of ivermectin was found in the precipitation. An Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (LC–MS/MS) method for ivermectin in the whole blood samples from beagle dogs was developed and validated. The specificity, accuracy, precision (intra-day and inter-day), matrix effect, recovery and stability of analyte reported here are satisfied with the criteria of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-Bioanalysis guideline. The oral administrations pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in beagle dogs under fasting and after high-fat meal were studied, and the following parameters were obtained: fasting Cmax, 104 ± 35 μg·L−1; area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–∞), 2,555 ± 941 h·μg·L−1; and high-fat meal Cmax, 147 ± 35 μg·L−1; AUC0–∞, 4,198 ± 1,279 h·μg·L−1. When the P-gp inhibitor curcumin was also coadministrated orally, Cmax and AUC0–∞ were found to be 177 ± 57 and 4,213 ± 948 h·μg·L−1, respectively. With the comparison to fasting treatment, coadministration of P-gp inhibitor curcumin resulted in increase of the exposure of ivermectin by 1.6-fold, while the exposure after the high-fat diet versus fasting was increased approximately in 1.4-fold, indicating that alternative absorption might play an important role for increasing the exposure of ivermectin for future clinic applications.
Ambient temperature and the occurrence of intradialytic hypotension in patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Liu Kuan-Hung , Chang Wei-Hsiang , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng , Tsai Pei-Chen , Hsu Bin , Yang Yu-Hsuan , Lin Wei-Ren , Huang Tzu-Shan , Su Fang-Yi , Chiang Jung-Hsien , Li Chung-Yi , Tsai Yau-Sheng , Sung Junne-Ming
Published: December 2023

Background

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common hemodialysis complication causing adverse outcomes. Despite the well-documented associations of ambient temperatures with fluid removal and pre-dialysis blood pressure (BP), the relationship between ambient temperature and IDH has not been adequately studied.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study at a tertiary hospital in southern Taiwan between 1 January 2016 and 31 October 2021. The 24-h pre-hemodialysis mean ambient temperature was determined using hourly readings from the weather station closest to each patient's residence. IDH was defined using Fall40 [systolic BP (SBP) drop of ≥40 mmHg] or Nadir90/100 (SBP <100 if pre-dialysis SBP was ≥160, or SBP <90 mmHg). Multivariate logistic regression with generalizing estimating equations and mediation analysis were utilized.

Results

The study examined 110 400 hemodialysis sessions from 182 patients, finding an IDH prevalence of 11.8% and 10.4% as per the Fall40 and Nadir90/100 criteria, respectively. It revealed a reverse J-shaped relationship between ambient temperature and IDH, with a turning point around 27°C. For temperatures under 27°C, a 4°C drop significantly increased the odds ratio of IDH to 1.292 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.228 to 1.358] and 1.207 (95% CI 1.149 to 1.268) under the Fall40 and Nadir90/100 definitions, respectively. Lower ambient temperatures correlated with higher ultrafiltration, accounting for about 23% of the increased IDH risk. Stratified seasonal analysis indicated that this relationship was consistent in spring, autumn and winter.

Conclusion

Lower ambient temperature is significantly associated with an increased risk of IDH below the threshold of 27°C, irrespective of the IDH definition. This study provides further insight into environmental risk factors for IDH in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
A new method for generating random correlation matrices
Authors: Archakov Ilya , Hansen Peter Reinhard , Luo Yiyao
Published: December 2023

We propose a new method for generating random correlation matrices that makes it simple to control both location and dispersion. The method is based on a vector parameterization, $\gamma =g(C)$, which maps any distribution on $\mathbb {R}^{n(n-1)/2}$ to a distribution on the space of nonsingular $n\times n$ correlation matrices. Correlation matrices with certain properties, such as being well-conditioned, having block structures, and having strictly positive elements, are simple to generate. We compare the new method with existing methods.
Exploring teacher classroom behavior and wellbeing from the student perspective
Authors: Moskowitz Sharona
Published: December 2023

In recent years, an increasing drumbeat around emotion research in ELT has brought to the fore an appreciation of teacher psychology and the emotional underpinnings of the teacher–student relationship. This study explores how students report their teacher’s classroom behavior and how those observations lead learners to make broader impressions about the teacher’s mental state. As part of a larger study, 129 adult EFL students took a web survey about their teacher’s classroom behavior, perceived overall happiness, and their perceived wellbeing. Results revealed that teacher behavior was strongly correlated with perceived teacher wellbeing and happiness, meaning that based on how teachers behave in the classroom, students make far-reaching assumptions about their wellbeing beyond the classroom. Due to the phenomenon of emotional contagion, when students think their teachers are happy, they may also feel more positive emotions in the classroom. Suggestions for teachers are discussed, such as strategies for making the best of challenging situations and promoting healthy student relationships as a means to promote teacher and learner wellbeing. Suggestions for potential institutional changes are also made.
Degradation of citrate synthase lacking the mitochondrial targeting sequence is inhibited in cells defective in Hsp70/Hsp40 chaperones under heat stress conditions
Authors: Hayashi Mayuko , Kawarasaki Tomoyuki , Nakatsukasa Kunio
Published: December 2023

Most nucleus-encoded mitochondrial precursor proteins are synthesized in the cytosol and imported into mitochondria in a post-translational manner. In recent years, the quality control mechanisms of nonimported mitochondrial proteins have been intensively studied. In a previous study, we established that in budding yeast a mutant form of citrate synthase 1 (N∆Cit1) that lacks the N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence, and therefore mislocalizes to the cytosol is targeted for proteasomal degradation by the SCFUcc1 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here, we show that Hsp70 and Hsp40 chaperones (Ssa1 and Ydj1 in yeast, respectively) are required for N∆Cit1 degradation under heat stress conditions. In the absence of Hsp70 function, a portion of N∆Cit1-GFP formed insoluble aggregates and cytosolic foci. However, the extent of ubiquitination of N∆Cit1 was unaffected, implying that Hsp70/Hsp40 chaperones are involved in the postubiquitination step of N∆Cit1 degradation. Intriguingly, degradation of cytosolic/peroxisomal gluconeogenic citrate synthase (Cit2), an endogenous substrate for SCFUcc1-mediated proteasomal degradation, was not highly dependent on Hsp70 even under heat stress conditions. These results suggest that mitochondrial citrate synthase is thermally vulnerable in the cytosol, where Hsp70/Hsp40 chaperones are required to facilitate its degradation.
DISCRIMINATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER ODDS OF HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG OLDER AFRICAN AMERICANS
Authors: Maia Brittney Lange , James Bryan , Capuano Ana , Grodstein Francine , Barnes Lisa
Published: December 2023

Everyday discrimination—experiences of being treated unfairly based on background characteristics like race—is linked to poor physical and mental health throughout the lifespan. Whether more experiences of discrimination are associated with higher likelihood of being hospitalized in older African Americans has not been explored. Hospitalization can represent both poor health and healthcare access. Participants were community-dwelling African Americans from the Rush Memory and Aging Project or Minority Aging Research Study, longitudinal studies of aging (N=301 with at least 12 months linked Medicare fee-for-service claims; mean age 72.5 years (standard deviation [SD]: 5.7), 79% female). Discrimination was assessed using the Detroit Area Study Everyday Discrimination Scale. Hospitalizations (sub-categorized as elective/non-elective, surgical) were quantified using Medicare claims. Mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression models tested associations between baseline discrimination and subsequent odds of hospitalizations per year (0, 1, 2+). The mean baseline discrimination score was 1.7 (SD: 2.2). Over an average 6.5 years (SD: 4.1), 160 participants had at least 1 hospitalization (respectively, 118, 87, and 127 participants had at least 1 nonelective, elective, or surgical hospitalization). Adjusting for age, sex, education, income, depressive symptoms, and medical comorbidity, more experiences of discrimination were associated with higher odds of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] per point higher on discrimination score=1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22), and higher odds of nonelective (OR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.24), but not surgical or elective hospitalizations. Drivers of these associations, which may include preventive healthcare avoidance due to discrimination or poor health due to the chronic stress response to discrimination, should be explored.
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN CLINICAL FUNCTIONING AND AD BIOMARKERS AMONG HISPANIC AND WHITE NON-HISPANIC OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Rodriguez Miriam , Mendoza Lisandra , Garcia Patricia , Duarte Andres , Padron Dilianna , Marsiske Michael , Fiala Jacob , Duara Ranjan
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Hispanics are 1.5x more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease (AD) when compared to White non-Hispanics (WNHs). There is also evidence to support that cognitive performance disproportionately reflects neuropathology among Hispanics and that functional decline is concurrent with the accumulation of AD biomarkers. The current study aimed to examine relationships between AD biomarkers and a functional measure among Hispanic and WNH older adults. It was hypothesized that the functional measure would be strongly related to AD biomarkers among Hispanics.

Methods

The modified clinical dementia rating scale (mCDR) was administered in the participants primary language (English or Spanish) to WNH (n=203) and Hispanic (n=258) older adults who were cognitive normal or diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Invariance SEM models were used to compare the pattern of relationships between the mCDR and neurocognitive test performance, MRI volumes, and amyloid load adjusting for age, education, ApoE4 status, and intracranial volume.

Results

Model fit was good and not significantly worsened by imposing strict structural invariance. Nested model comparisons indicated that regression weights and correlations among measures differed by group, suggestive of moderation by Hispanic status. Among Hispanic participants, sex (♌=-0.17, p<.05) and Amyloid load (♌=0.25, p<.001) significantly predicted mCDR scores. MRI volumes significantly predicted MCDR scores among both Hispanic (♌=-0.51, p<.001) and WNH participants (♌= -0.42, p<.001).

Conclusions

Functional measures like the mCDR may better correlate with Amyloid load among Hispanic older adults than among WNHs, while the correlation with MRI volumes may be comparable in both groups.
THE LTSS STATE SCORECARD NATIONAL ADVISORY PANEL
Authors: Applebaum Robert
Published: December 2023

Reaching consensus across the field is an important endeavor for a project like the LTSS State Scorecard. Since the Scorecard’s inception in 2008, the AARP Public Policy Institute has engaged a broad range of experts, known as the Scorecard National Advisory Panel (NAP). The NAP is drawn from a broad range of expert stakeholders across private and nonprofit organizations, state agencies, researchers, and the federal government. The NAP has informed virtually all aspects of the Scorecard, including indicator selection, scoring methodology, and the framing and messaging of Scorecard findings. This portion of the symposium will feature remarks and analysis from a long-standing NAP member and expert in the field of long-term services and supports.
SOCIAL ISOLATION AND DELAYED DEMENTIA DIAGNOSIS AMONG US OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Kim Min Hee , Chen Ruijia , Diaz-Ramirez Grisell , Boscardin John , Glymour M Maria
Published: December 2023

Delayed dementia diagnosis may exacerbate dementia symptoms and reduce opportunities for care arrangements, further harming older adults’ health and well-being. Social isolation may increase the risk of delayed dementia diagnosis via a lack of support that prevents seeking help and accessing primary and specialty care for diagnosis. We investigated the association between social isolation and missed/delayed dementia diagnosis using the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2018) linked with the Medicare Claims record. We defined social isolation as having 3 or more affirmative responses to 6 questions about living arrangements, family/friend contact, and social participation. We defined missed/delayed diagnosis as having no clinical diagnosis documented in Medicare in the presence of an algorithm-defined dementia diagnosis in the survey; or having dementia diagnosed more than 3 years after meeting the survey-based algorithmic criterion for dementia. We fitted logistic regression models, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Among 2,417 people in our sample (mean age 82.4(SD 5.85); 60% women), 54.7% of older adults experienced social isolation at the time of survey-based dementia onset, 41.5% had missed/delayed diagnosis, and 22.1% died with no dementia diagnosis in their Medicare record. Preliminary results indicate that social isolation was not associated with increased odds of missed/delayed diagnosis (OR 1.09 95% CI 0.90, 1.32). Our findings suggest that social isolation may not be a major driver of healthcare access and system factors pertinent to clinical documentation of dementia. To corroborate findings, we plan to refine our models (e.g., accounting for attrition and selection).
SEXUAL AND GENDER IDENTITY AND THEIR PROPERTIES IN AGING WITH PRIDE: NATIONAL HEALTH, AGING, AND SEXUALITY AND GENDER STUDY
Authors: Nelson Christi , Fredriksen-Goldsen Karen , Hoy-Ellis Charles , Romanelli Meghan , Kim Hyun-Jun
Published: December 2023

Increasing diversity and rapidly evolving sociopolitical context are changing how sexuality and gender identity are experienced, expressed, and measured in contemporary America. Based on longitudinal data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study, we examine sexual and gender identity, differentiation from other related constructs (i.e., desire, behavior, expression, relationships) as well as the associations between properties of sexual and gender identities (e.g., congruence, continua, visibility, centrality, and transformation) and the health and well-being of LGBTQ midlife and older adults (N=2,233), aged 50-102 at baseline. The findings document important differences in current as well as lifetime sexual experiences, desires, and romantic relationships by sexuality and gender identity. Measures incorporating a continuum as opposed to binary response categories better capture the experiences of bisexual, sexually diverse, and transgender older participants as compared to lesbians and gay men. When examining transformation, 7% reported changes to their sexual identity and 3% reported changes to their gender identity over 4 years. Those who changed their identity over time showed a higher level of identity stigma and poorer physical and psychological health-related quality of life. Our findings reveal that heterogeneity and intersectionality are critical to understanding sexual and gender identity. It is important to consider multiple aspects of sexuality and gender (e.g., romantic relationships) that are often overlooked in gerontological and sexuality and gender research. Scholarship on sexual and gender identity development and transformation in later life is needed to better address diversity in the aging population.
DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF AGING-RELATED GENE EXPRESSION LEVELS AMONG OLDER AMERICANS
Authors: Wu Qiao , Klopack Eric , Kim Jung Ki , Faul Jessica , Thyagarajan Bharat , Cole Steve , Crimmins Eileen
Published: December 2023

Measures of conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), DNA damage response (DDR), and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) gene expression can be regulated by social and environmental exposures. The resulting synthesis of proteins can affect aging. To further understand how demographic disparities get “under the skin” and link to health outcomes, we examine associations between (A) age, gender, and race/ethnicity and (B) three gene expression composite scores derived from RNA sequencing data in a nationally representative sample of 2,680 Americans aged 55 and older from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study. We also compare the associations across models using multiple approaches to controlling for blood cell composition. OLS regressions suggest that compared to those aged 55-64, being older is associated with a lower inflammatory sub-score of CTRA (Ages 75-84: β=-0.04, p=0.008; Ages 85+: β=-0.12, p<0.001), lower CTRA (Ages 85+: β=-0.15, p<0.001), higher DDR (Ages 85+: β=0.03, p=0.042), and lower SASP (Ages 75-84: β=-0.05, p=0.015; Ages 85+: β=-0.07, p=0.017) scores. Women have significantly higher inflammatory (β=0.06, p<0.001) and antiviral (β=0.04, p=0.002) sub-scores of CTRA. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks have a higher inflammatory sub-score of CTRA (β=0.04, p=0.026) and a lower SASP score (β=-0.19, p<0.001), and Hispanics have a lower SASP score (β=-0.08, p<0.001). Adjusting for education, drinking, smoking, BMI, and chronic conditions does not change the results much. Overall, using expression levels of the genes that mark major leukocyte subsets to control for blood cell composition does not notably differ from approaches based on complete blood count and flow cytometry.
BIOMARKERS HELP CLARIFY HOW SYSTEMIC AGING CONTRIBUTES TO MORTALITY: UTILIZING A MACHINE-LEARNING APPROACH IN HRS
Authors: Klopack Eric , Crimmins Eileen
Published: December 2023

Research suggests aging is a coordinated physiological decline occurring in multiple systems and at multiple biological levels. However, it is largely unknown how general biological aging and specific systemic aging co-occur and influence one another to affect mortality. There is also emerging interest in understanding how social exposures may differentially accelerate decline in individual physiological systems. We utilize data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of about 4000 US adults over age 55. We used eXtreme Gradient Boosting (xgboost) in a training subsample to create estimates of mortality risk based on sets of biomarkers representing biological systems (e.g., brain and nervous system, adaptive immune system, cardiovascular system, renal system) as well as cellular aging (using epigenetic clocks and telomere length). These models generated mortality risk scores for each system (e.g., renal functioning using BUN, creatinine, and cystatin C). Mortality was regressed on these scores in a testing subsample to assess the relative impact of each system on mortality risk. Results suggest cellular aging, cardiovascular aging, and age-related metabolic dysfunction contribute most to mortality risk. Aging of these systems also partially mediates the mortality risk associated with age, race/ethnicity, sex, and education. These results suggest aging of specific systems may be differentially affected by sociodemographic exposures and may differentially contribute to mortality risk. This research may help guide interventions focused on reducing inequalities in mortality risk by identifying health risks that would have the greatest impact on mortality at the population level.
CONTRACT NURSE UTILIZATION AND FACILITY AND COMMUNITY FACTORS
Authors: Pradhan Rohit , Davlyatov Ganisher , Dayama Neeraj , Weech-Maldonado Robert
Published: December 2023

While NHs have long been plagued by nursing staff shortages, the situation has further deteriorated with the COVID 19 pandemic. The NH industry has attempted to address the persistent shortage of nursing staff by increasingly relying on contract nurse staffing. Research suggests that the increased utilization of contract nurses may have negative implications for NH quality and financial performance. However, all NHs are not equally likely to utilize nurse contract staffing. For instance, potentially, NHs with poorer quality of care and financial challenges may be forced to rely more on contract nurse staffing. The primary purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents---facility and community factors---associated with increased utilization of nurse contract staffing. Employing a pooled cross-sectional observational study design, we extracted secondary data from the PBJ nurse staffing, Nursing Home Compare, Rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes, and the American Community Survey (ACS) for the period 2017-2021. To test the relationship between the ratios of contract nurses and facility/community factors, we employed multivariate mixed-effects maximum likelihood regression. We ran three separate regressions for RNs, LPNs, and CNAs. Our results suggest that among facility level factors, NHs with more beds, higher occupancy rates, and higher proportion of Medicare residents were generally more likely to employ contract nurse staffing with some minor differences across the three models (RNs, LPNS, CNAs). Among community factors, location in micropolitan/small town areas, higher poverty rates, and higher education levels were positively associated with nurse contract utilization. Policy and managerial implications are discussed.
SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR MODELING CHANGE IN MULTIMORBIDITY AND RELATED HEALTH DOMAINS
Authors: Bishop Nicholas , Nagel Corey , Quiñones Ana
Published: December 2023

The longitudinal examination of multimorbidity (≥ 2 chronic conditions) and related health outcomes (e.g., cognition, disability, mortality) has the potential to identify disparities and intervention points in the age-related progression of chronic disease. This symposium will organize discussion of methodological and applied research projects that review and demonstrate the use of longitudinal methods to address critical questions in the study of multimorbidity and related health domains. The lead presentation “Longitudinal Methods for Assessing Progression of Multimorbidity and Related Health Outcomes” will review the use and limitations of several longitudinal methods that can be used to study the progression of multimorbidity and linked health outcomes. Following presentations will demonstrate the application of specific longitudinal methods to key research questions in the study of multimorbidity. “Emerging Cohort Disparities in Multimorbidity in U.S. Adults Entering Early Older Adulthood” presents evidence of cohort disparities in multimorbidity trajectories using mixed-effects regression to estimate age, period, and cohort effects, “Personalized and Typical Concurrent Risk: Joint Models of Recurrent Outcomes and Mortality by Race/Ethnicity” applies joint models of self-rated health, disability, and mortality to examine disparities among minoritized groups, and “Sequence Analysis of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity and Association With Subsequent Dementia” identifies common patterning of cardiometabolic conditions over a 5-year period and their relationship with prospective dementia classification. This symposium will encourage attendees to apply the presented methods to their own multimorbidity research questions and demonstrate how these methods are being applied to address key gaps in our understating of multimorbidity progression in older adulthood. This is a Measurement, Statistics, and Research Design Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
CONTINUING CHALLENGES IN STATE EFFORTS TO IMPROVE DIRECT CARE WORKER WAGES
Authors: Tyler Denise , Hunter Melissa , Porter Kristie , Khavjou Olga , Squillace Marie , Dey Judith , Oliveira Iara
Published: December 2023

Direct care workers (DCWs) receive low wages and some states have tried to improve their wages through policy changes. This mixed methods study examined the effect of state wage policies on changes in DCW wages. We also conducted 38 interviews with national experts and stakeholders across six states to determine the results of these policy changes and continued barriers to improving DCW wages. Results show some states that implemented policies to improve the wages of DCWs since 2009 reduced the gap between DCW wages and the wages of other entry-level workers, yet the gap was still substantial in many states. Experts and state stakeholders repeatedly cited consistent funding of wage policies through Medicaid reimbursement rate increases as important to effectively increasing and sustaining higher wages. Interviewees recommended that funding increases be continual, rather than requiring annual reauthorization and noted it was particularly challenging when funds were inadequate to support annual wage increases. Interviewees described Medicaid reimbursement rates as a barrier when rates did not keep pace with market trends. Interviewees also recommended professionalizing the field, increasing the respect afforded these workers, and developing ways to increase the pipeline of workers as additional ways to improve direct care work. Until there is meaningful policy change, states will continue to struggle with barriers to improved wages for DCWs which results in a disproportionate number of DCWs relying on public benefits and difficulties with recruitment and retention.
HOW CARE WORKERS’ TURNOVER INTENTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH WORKPLACE VIOLENCE?: THE ROLE OF STRESS AND JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Ko Sung Hyun , Lee Yeonjung
Published: December 2023

This study examines the impact of workplace violence experienced by long-term care workers from the care recipients on their turnover intention and the mediating effect of work-related stress and job satisfaction in the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention. Compared to the unfair experiences of abuses experienced by care recipients, care workers’ experiences have been relatively under-explored. Adopting the affective events theory as a theoretical framework and using the Korean National Long-Term Care Survey in 2019, the current analysis focuses on 2,427 care workers, excluding social workers, nurses, and occupational/physical therapists. The results of structural equations modeling and effect decomposition show a mediating effect of job satisfaction, indicating that the experience of workplace violence decreased the job satisfaction of care workers, resulting in increased turnover intention. On the other hand, workplace violence did not have a statistically significant indirect effect on turnover intention through work-related stress. Findings provide several implications for developing an inclusive and supportive policy and practice for care workers as well as the long-term care system in general in South Korea. Support programs and policies can be targeted toward the care workers who have experienced workplace violence and are less satisfied with their job. These can be done not only by highlighting the importance of training and education for care workers to help prevent workplace violence but also by providing a safe work environment, an appropriate compensation system, and the fair opportunities for promotion.
URBANIZATION, FALLS, AND FEAR OF FALLING IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS IN THAILAND
Authors: Thiamwong Ladda , Xie Rui , Tongsiri Sirinart , Ng Boon Peng , Park Joon-Hyuk , Rodniam Jaroonrat , Li Wenjun , Eckstrom Elizabeth
Published: December 2023

Nearly half of the Thai population lives in urban areas without retirement pensions. Urbanization may increase physical inactivity, falls, and other non-communicable diseases. Little is known about the urban-rural differences in falls and fear of falling among community-dwelling older in Thailand. We surveyed a random sample of 433 persons who were: i) aged 60 years and older; and ii) had no cognitive impairment (Chula Mental Test ≥ 16/36). The participants had the mean age was 70.40 (± 7.53) years, included 62.9 % female, 22% having poor balance, 85% having limits in doing vigorous physical activity, 71% having limits in performing moderate physical activity, and 63.5% having pain interfere with normal activities. About half had financial problems sometimes, and 68 % reported living with a spouse and children. 30% had hypertension and took antihypertensive medication. 16% felt tired most of the time, and 11% felt nervous all the time. We found that urban older adults had a higher fall rate than rural older adults (52.8% vs. 40.4%, p =.034). Urban older adults also had a higher level of fear of falling than rural older adults (43.9% vs. 28.4%, p = .000016). Additionally, urban older adults had significantly worse general health than rural older adults (p =.0046). There were no significant differences in balance performance and fall self-efficacy scores. It is important to recognize and identify fall risk factors among urban older adults and provide access to systematic community-based fall prevention programs incorporating screening and tailored interventions based on those risk factors.
MUSIC AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Lehmberg Lisa , Fung Victor
Published: December 2023

Research studies have indicated that music is an important contributor to older adults’ quality of life. In this segment, the presenter will share overarching observations from their original research and the literature regarding music making, listening, creating, and activities involving movement to music in relation to facets of quality of life, such as identity, social connections, enjoyment, and self-understanding and expression. These studies were done in a range of contexts (e.g., retirement communities and senior centers), formats (small and large groups, participatory and presentational), and groups that engage in different musical styles (e.g., classical and vernacular). Music has been shown to be critical to the quality of life of those who participate. However, additional research is needed with diverse populations, including those who are homebound, homeless, in supervised care (e.g., assisted living, nursing homes, or hospice care), as well as older adults of varying ages and national origin.
RAPID DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION EXPERIENCES FOR SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS AMONG LOW-INCOME OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Chung Jane , Gendron Tracey , Winship Jodi , Wood Rachel , Mansion Natalie , Parsons Pamela
Published: December 2023

Digital technology has become critical for making social connections and providing social support during COVID-19. However, social isolation challenges disproportionately affected older adults living alone in low-income communities due to a lack of internet access, digital technology ownership, and limited capital. We conducted a mixed-methods study to examine the role of digital technology in this population to keep socially connected during the national lockdown (N=25; 76% African American). Of the participants, 36% reported social isolation, and 36% reported loneliness. Both quantitative and qualitative data illustrate differential experiences of technology use for remaining socially connected. The qualitative data from focus group interviews show that participants were forced to adapt to the isolated situation quickly by learning about new ways of connecting with others through technology. This enabled a long-overdue adoption of digital technologies among individuals who had experienced digital exclusion before the pandemic. Despite the high interest in digital technology-enabled social connections, concerns about its surveilling nature, the possibility of over-dependence on technology, and negative technology experiences due to unreliable functions or lack of tech support made them hesitant to adopt new technology. Future research should highlight the need to include older adults in all stages of technological solution development that recognize the sociocultural context of use with a focus on growth-oriented opportunities for older people.
IS THERE A WORRY ADVANTAGE? THE ROLE OF FEAR OF LONELINESS IN OLD AGE IN LONELINESS PREVENTIVE ACTIVITIES
Authors: Degen Nora , Kim-Knauss Yaeji , Lang Frieder
Published: December 2023

While worries are generally known to be aversive, behavioral theories have also addressed potential advantages of worrying throughout life. Drawing on this notion, the present study focused on the fear of loneliness in old age and its beneficial effects on individuals’ engagement in loneliness preventive activities. Data were collected from 702 German adults (aged 22-96) who had participated in at least two out of five measurement occasions with a time interval of two years. Fear of loneliness in old age was measured using a single item (i.e., how much do you fear being lonely in old age?) and loneliness preventive activities were measured as a mean score of five social activities specifying the very intention to prevent loneliness in old age (e.g., I actively pursued contacts with friends and acquaintances in order not to be lonely in old age). Based on longitudinal multilevel regression models, we found that at the between-person level old age, female gender, and better health were independently associated with higher average loneliness preventive activities. At the within-person level, participants reported more preventive activities on occasions when they were more feared for the loneliness in old age. Such benefits of fear were particularly reported on occasions when individuals reported less state loneliness at that time. Findings indicate that aging-related worry serves as a motivator for loneliness preventive activities, particularly in situations in which individuals felt socially well connected.
LEISURE ACTIVITIES, MARITAL STATUS, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN LATER LIFE IN MEXICO
Authors: Monserud Maria
Published: December 2023

Prior research indicates that leisure activities can shape cognition in later life. However, little is known about whether the implications of specific group and individual leisure activities for older adults’ cognitive functioning can be contingent on marital status and gender and whether physical and mental health can make a difference in the associations between leisure participation and cognition. Moreover, research on the role of these factors in older adults’ cognitive functioning in Mexico has been scarce. Using data from the most recent wave (2018) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative sample of Mexicans aged 50+, this study examines the implications of group and individual leisure activities for cognition among married and unmarried older men and women in Mexico while considering their physical health (i.e., vision, hearing, chronic conditions, and ADL and IADL limitations) and depressive symptoms. The results suggest that not only group-based but also individual activities can be predictive of cognitive functioning among older Mexicans. The findings also reveal some marital status and gender differences and similarities in the effect of certain leisure activities on cognition. Additionally, the results demonstrate that experiencing physical health challenges and depressive symptoms can prevent older Mexicans from deriving cognitive benefits from some leisure activities. Yet, despite poorer physical and mental health, certain leisure activities can still lead to better cognitive functioning in this population group. The insights from this study can be useful for the development of preventive strategies and intervention programs to improve cognitive health in later life.
UNDERSTANDING THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE ON OLDER ADULTS’ FUNCTIONAL ABILITY AND MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Lum Terry , Liu Yuqi , Guo Yingqqi , Lu Shiyu , Chan On Fung , Chui Cheryl , Ho Hung Chak , Song Yimeng
Published: December 2023

Little is known about how public open space (POS) environment quality and vitality influence older adults’ functional ability and mental health over time. POS vitality refers to the capacity of POS to accommodate a variety of users and activities. We undertook a four-year longitudinal survey of 2081 older adults in Hong Kong to investigate longitudinal relationships between POS environment quality, POS vitality, functional ability and mental health. We applied environment quality evaluation and space use behavior observation to collect data on the environment quality and vitality of POSs within the 200-m buffer area of participants’ residences. POS environment quality attributes included the number of leisure facility types, accessibility, shade, and bench quality. POS vitality attributes comprised the diversity of users and activities. We used the Chinese Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale to measure older adults’ functional ability and the Geriatric Depression Scale (15-item) to evaluate mental health. We applied latent growth curve models to analyze the longitudinal associations. Accessibility to POS and social interactions among users in POS were related to better functional ability and mental health among older adults at baseline. The number of leisure facility types, and social interactions among users in POS led to a slower decline in functional ability over time. However, there were no significant associations between POS and mental health over time. These findings have theoretical implications for the healthy aging research framework and practical insights for planning policies using POS as an intervention tool to facilitate older adults’ healthy aging.