bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliography of publications by Bogusław Sałata
Authors: Chmiel Maria A.
Published: August 2014

Professor Bogusław Sałata, a known and respected Polish mycologist, has died in 1999. His life and achievements were described in the papers Chmiel and Mułenko (1999) and Mułenko and Chmiel (1999). The bibliography is a complete list of works published in 1964-2004. It contains 97 items. This number includes original papers, monographs, books, reviews, translations and articles for the general pulc. The papers are arranged chronologically.
Trochila ilicina (Helotiales, Ascomycota), a fungus newly found in Poland
Authors: Zioło Elżbieta , Madej Tadeusz , Błaszkowski Janusz
Published: August 2014

The morphological properties of Trochila ilicina (Helotiales, Ascomycota), a fungus previously not recorded in Poland, were described and illustrated. Trochila ilicina was associated with living, decaying and fallen leaves of Ilex aquifolium. However, this fungus formed apothecia only on leaves isolated from their plant host. Hence, T. ilicina was considered both a weak parasite and a saprotroph preferring decaying and necrotic leaves, and not only a saprotroph as all earlier published data suggested. This fungus has been found in different places of Szczecin, as well as in the Arboretum Glinna and the Arboretum Przelewice, north-western Poland. Additionally, the known distribution of T. ilicina in the world is presented.
Phyllactinia mali and Podosphaera tridactyla var. tridactyla – new hosts of Ampelomyces quisqualis
Authors: Czerniawska Beata
Published: August 2014

In 2002, the occurrence of fungi of the order Erysiphales on plants of the Słowiański Park located in Goorzów Wielkopolski was investigated. Plant samples were collected once a month, from August to November. The samples examined were above ground plant parts colonized by powdery mildew fungi. A total of 78 samples were collected. Apart from 14 species of the order Erysiphales, Ampelomyces quisqualis parasitizing on Erysiphe cichoracearum var. cichoracearum, Phyllactinia mali and Podosphaera tridactyl var. tridactyla was found. Ampelomyces quisqualis affected hyphae, oidia, and young cleistothecia of P. mali. In contrast, in E. cichoracearum var. cichoracearum, Po. tridactyle var. tridactyla, this hyperparasite colonized only hyphae and oidia. This paper for the first trime informs of A. quisqualis parasitizing on P. mali and Po. tridactyla var. tridactyla.
Fungi of the genus Ramularia in the Słowiński National Park
Authors: Adamska Iwona
Published: August 2014

In the years 1996-98 and 2001, the occurrence of fungi of the genus Ramulania in 11 plant associations of the Słowiński National Park (north-western Poland) was investigated. The plant associations included: Angelico-Cirsietum oleracei, Betulo pendulae-Quercetum roboris, Carici arenariae-Empetretum nigri (CaEn), Elymo-Ammophiletum (EA), Empetro nigri-Pinetum, Filipendulo-Geranietum, Helichryso-Jasionetum litoralis, Myrico-Salicetum auritae (MSa), Phragmitetum australis (Pa), Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, and Vaccinio uliginosi-Betulelum pubescentis. A total of 37 species of Ramularia were found. Of them, R. galli was newly found in Poland, and R. archangelicae, R. calcea, R. chamaedryos, R. cynarae, R. didymarioides R. lactea, R. rhaetica, R. schulzeri R. tanaceti and R. triboutiana were earlier infrequently recorded in this country. Eight Ramularia taxa were found on plants earlier not reported to be their hosts, i. e., Ramularia chaerophylli (on Chaerophyllum temulum), R. lamii var. lamii (Galeopsis tetrahit), R. inaequale (Hieracium laevigatum, H. sabaudum and Hypochoeris radicata), R. schulzeri (Lotus uliginosus), R. grevilleana var. grevilleana (Potentilla erecta), R. uredinis (Pucciniastrum vaccinii z Vaccinium uliginosum), R. lactea (Viola palustris and V. tricolor) and R. veronicae (Veronica arvensis). Most species of Ramularia occurred in the MSa (18), and least in EA (1), CaEn (l), and Pa (1).
First localities in Poland of the recently described fungus Cordyceps bifusispora
Authors: Bujakiewicz Anna , Nita Joanna , Bałazy Stanisław
Published: August 2014

Two localities of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps bifusispora, hitherto not reported from Poland, are characterised by their site conditions and co-occurring macrofungi during the period of the appearance of its stromata. Description of this fungus culture is given and some remarks on the resemblance of its teleomorphs and anamorphs from different collections are discussed.
Differentiated reactions of fungi of the order Erysiphales in urban areas: monophagous and polyphagous species
Authors: Dynowska Maria , Sucharzewska Ewa
Published: August 2014

The aim of the study was to examine sensitivity of monophagous and polyphagous species of the Erysiphales to transport pollution. The infection degree of host plants was used as the assessment criterion. The test material consisted of fungi collected in 25 urban localities in the city of Olsztyn, established in places with high transport pollution concentrations, and 25 localities outside it, free from the influence of automotive exhaust gases, over a long-term period. Individual species of fungi, regardless of the scope of parasitisation, showed different reactions to pollution: the infection index always decreased in the case of sensitive species in urban conditions. The reactions of monophagous species were clearly specific and orientated at resistance or sensitivity. Polyphagous species reacted less specificaly: the same species showed a very high sensitivity on one host and resistance on another. These findings are indicative of a greater eco-physiological stability of the "host-pathogen" system with the participation of monophagous species than that with the participation of polyphagous species.
New and noteworthy species of lichens and allied fungi from north-eastern Poland
Authors: Czyżewska Krystyna , Motejünaité Jurga , Cieśliński Stanisław
Published: August 2014

54 new species of lichenized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi were found in the nature reserves of Augustowska Forest - Starożyn, Mały Borek and Kozi Rynek, and in Biebrzański National Park. The following species are: new to Poland - Multiclavula mucida and Polycoccum pulvinatum; rcported for the first time from the Polish lowlands - Biatora chrysantha, Normandina pulchella and Microcalicium ahlneri; new to N Poland - Leptorhaphis epidermidis; new to NE Poland - Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Epicladonia sandstedej E. stenospora, Lichenomphalia umbellifera, Reichlingia leopoldii and Verruaia bryoctona.
Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Olsztyn town (NE Poland)
Authors: Kurek Dariusz
Published: August 2014

A list of 279 taxa of lichcnized, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi recorded within the town of Olsztyn is given. The findings comprise the results of field studies conducted between 1999 and 2003 and published in earlier sources. The distribution of individual taxa, currently occuring in the city, is show on a grid of 500 m x 500 m squares.
A graphical procedure for sensor‐placement guidance for small utilities
Authors: Schal Stacey , Bryson L. Sebastian , Ormsbee Lindell
Published: August 2014

Efforts to improve water security have led to the development of contamination warning systems aimed at providing early indication of accidental or intentional contamination in drinking water distribution systems. Sensors that detect changes in water quality are a critical component of a contamination warning system. Because the extent of any monitoring system is constrained by a limited budget, focus is placed on optimizing the placement of sensors to maximize contamination detection and protect human health. Robust models and algorithms have been developed to recommend sensor deployment, but many require hydraulic or water quality models. Small utilities typically do not possess the resources to develop these models; therefore, researchers for this study developed the Water Quality Sensor Placement Tool to recommend placement of one water quality sensor without a model or complicated algorithm. This simple graphical procedure allows utility managers to use basic information about the geometry of their network to determine near‐optimal sensor placement in limited time without complicated software.
Multiobjective consequent management of a contaminated network under pressure‐deficient conditions
Authors: Afshar Amin , Mariño Miguel A.
Published: August 2014

Discussing the drawbacks of demand‐driven network solvers in consequence management strategies, this article provides an integrated simulation‐optimization scheme for operational response management. It integrates a pressure‐driven network solver (PDNS) with the multiobjective honey bee mating optimization algorithm. Solutions to the proposed multiobjective optimization problem generate a set of nondominated optimal operational strategies that minimizes consequences of intentional physical attacks on water infrastructure systems. Each trial solution developed by the optimizer defines a new network topology because of modified modes of operation of nominated valves and hydrants. The PDNS finalizes the nodal pressure and modifies nodal withdraw for the identified trial solution. The PDNS is a modified version of the EPANET model, which handles the changes in network topology while simulating networks with pressure‐deficit condition. Performance of this approach is illustrated using previously tested examples. Sensitivity of the optimal strategies to mathematical definition of the objective function is discussed.
Consumer panel estimates of odor thresholds for crude 4‐methylcyclohexanemethanol
Authors: McGuire Michael J. , Suffet I.H. (Mel) , Rosen Jeffrey
Published: August 2014

On Jan. 9, 2014, a spill of “crude” 4‐methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) into the Elk River in West Virginia contaminated the water supply for 300,000 people. The crude MCHM caused an intense licorice odor in the drinking water that supplied the area in and around Charleston, W.Va. A sensitive analytical method developed by a commercial laboratory was used to verify the concentrations of crude MCHM presented to a consumer panel selected using specific criteria. The method used for the panel studies was ASTM E679‐04, which has been used to determine other odor thresholds in water. The odor threshold and odor recognition concentrations for crude MCHM in water were estimated by the consumer panel to be 0.55 and 7.4 μg/L, respectively. Two estimates of the odor objection concentration were 7.7 and 8.8 μg/L.
Naegleria fowleri: An emerging drinking water pathogen
Authors: Bartrand Timothy A. , Causey Jonathan Jake , Clancy Jennifer L.
Published: August 2014

Naegleria fowleri (N. fowleri) is a free‐living, trophic amoeba that is nearly ubiquitous in the environment and can be present in high numbers in warm waters. It is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare but particularly lethal disease with a very low survival incidence. Although N. fowleri was isolated from drinking water supplies in Australia in the 1980s, it was not considered a drinking water threat in the United States until recent cases were associated with a groundwater system in Arizona and surface water systems in Louisiana. N. fowleri in drinking water treatment and distribution systems can be managed using disinfectant concentrations typically encountered in well‐run plants although nitrification and attendant low disinfectant residuals may pose a challenge for some systems. The greatest challenge for N. fowleri control is in premise plumbing systems where conditions are largely outside the control of utilities, residuals might be low or nonexistent, and where water temperatures could be high enough to support rapid growth of the amoebae. This article reviews published studies describing the environmental occurrence, survival, pathogenicity, and disinfection of N. fowleri. In addition, this article provides information about this little known and poorly understood parasite with respect to its occurrence in the environment; how the amoeba amplifies in water systems such that it can cause infection; how N. fowleri has been successfully controlled for decades in water systems through treatment and distribution system management in Australia; and the knowledge gaps and information needed to address N. fowleri as an emerging pathogen in US water supplies.
Sizing a fleet of containerships for a given market
Authors: Silva Carlos A , Guedes Soares Carlos
Published: August 2014

The potential growth found inthe short sea shipping sector motivated the development of a methodology usedas a decision support tool in which both the parameters regarding the demand ofmarkets and the characteristics of the fleet may be tested for its evaluation.It is also possible to determine the fleet deployment, establishing its routesand scales in the ports for a particular scenario. The considered methodologymay be divided in two parts, being the first one related with the generation ofall feasible routes, alongside all the parameters specific to each route foreach vessel class. The second part is the introduction of a linear programmingmodel that maximizes the shipping operation’s total profit, according a givenset of restrictions. The models were structured according to three main criteria:the evaluation of the fleet for each vessel’s class; the optimal route for eachvessel and the frequency in each port. To provide the methodology’s validation,the developed models shall be submitted to a fictitious operational scenario,considering three different situations: the fleet’s normal operation; aparametric variation of required demand for the same fleet composition; anevaluation of several fleet compositions for the same demand level.
Net radiation in a snow‐covered discontinuous forest gap for a range of gap sizes and topographic configurations
Authors: Seyednasrollah Bijan , Kumar Mukesh
Published: August 2014

Estimating net radiation on the forest floor is crucial for predicting snowmelt recharge and for quantifying water yield from snow‐dominated forested watersheds. However, complex characteristics of radiation transfer in discontinuous forest gaps make this estimation challenging. This study quantifies net radiation within a forest gap for a range of gap sizes, slopes and aspects, and meteorological conditions. The spatial distribution of net radiation in the gap is found to be heterogeneous with southern and northern areas of the gap receiving minimum and maximum energy amounts, respectively. At a midlatitude site and for completely clear sky conditions in the snow season, results suggest that net radiation in the forest gap is minimum for gaps of size equal to half of the surrounding tree height. In contrast, when sky cloudiness in the snow season is considered, net radiation shows a monotonically increasing trend with gap size. Slope and aspect of forest gap floor also impact the net radiation and its variation with gap size. Net radiation is largest and smallest on steep south‐facing and north‐facing slopes, respectively. Variation of net radiation with slope and aspect is largest for larger gaps. Results also suggest that net radiation in north‐facing forest gaps is larger than in open areas for a longer duration in the snow season than in forest gaps on flat and south‐facing slopes. Since net radiation directly affects melt recharge and evaporation, these findings have implications on forest and water management, wildfire hazard, and forest health.
Nanoshuttered OLEDs: Unveiled Invisible Auxiliary Electrode
Authors: Shim Yong Sub , Hwang Ju Hyun , Lee Hyun Jun , Choi Kyung Bok , Kim Kyu Nyun , Park Cheol Hwee , Jung Sun‐Gyu , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: August 2014

In this study, organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with enhanced optical properties are fabricated by inserting a nanosized stripe auxiliary electrode layer (nSAEL) between the substrate and an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer. This design can avoid the shortcomings of conventional microsized layers while maintaining high optical uniformity due to the improved conductivity of the electrode. The primary advantage is that the nSAEL (submicrometer scale) is no longer visible to the naked eye. Moreover, the reflective shuttered (grating) structure of the nSAEL increases the forward‐directed light by the microcavity (MC) effect and minimizes the loss of light by the extracting the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode. In this study, the degree of the MC and SPP can be controlled with the parameters of the nSAEL by simply conjugating the conditions of laser interference lithography (LIL). Therefore, the current and power efficiencies of the device with an nSAEL with optimized parameters are 1.17 and 1.23 times higher than the reference device at 1000 cd/m2, respectively, and at these parameters, the overall sheet resistance is reduced to less than half (48%). All of the processes are verified by comparing the computational simulation results and the experimental results obtained with the actual fabricated device.
Proportion of opioid use due to compensated workers' compensation claims in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Kraut Allen , Shafer Leigh Anne , Raymond Colette B.
Published: August 2014

Background

This study identifies the percentage of opioids prescribed for compensated workplace conditions in Manitoba, Canada and whether Workers Compensation Board (WCB) status is associated with higher prescription opioid doses.

Methods

Opioid prescriptions for WCB recipients were linked with databases housed at the Manitoba Center for Health Policy. Duration of continuous opioid prescription and morphine equivalents (ME) per day (ME/D) were calculated for individuals age 18–65.

Results

Over the period from 1998 to 2010, 3.8% of the total opioid dosage of medication prescribed in the study population were prescribed to WCB recipients. WCB recipients accounted for 2.1% of the individuals prescribed opioids. In adjusted analyses WCB recipients were more likely to be prescribed over 120 ME/D (OR 2.06 95% CI, 1.58–2.69).

Conclusions

WCB recipients account for a small, but significant amount of the total opioid prescribed in Manitoba. Manitoba's WCB population is a group at increased risk of being prescribed over 120 ME/day. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:33–39, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zinc(II) Hexachloroantimonate‐Catalyzed Oxidative Allylation of Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Yoo Woo‐Jin , Tanoue Arata , Kobayashi Shū
Published: August 2014

A well‐defined zinc antimonate salt was found to be an effective bifunctional catalyst that enables formal α‐CH bond functionalization of glycine derivatives via a sequential aerobic oxidation and allylation reaction.
Efficacy and safety of house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy in monosensitized and polysensitized children with respiratory allergic diseases
Authors: Li Peng , Li Qi , Huang Zhenghua , Chen Wenbo , Lu Yueqian , Tian Man
Published: August 2014

Background

The efficacy of single‐allergen‐specific immunotherapy in polysensitized subjects is a matter of debate. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in monosensitized and polysensitized children.

Methods

A total of 112 children, aged 4 to 13 years old, with HDM‐induced respiratory allergic diseases were allocated to a monosensitized group (n = 56) or a polysensitized group (n = 56). Both groups were treated by standard pharmacotherapy and SLIT with Dermatophagoides farinae (American HDM) extracts for 52 weeks. Symptoms, medications, visual analogue scale (VAS), and presence of adverse events (AEs) were assessed once a month. Skin‐prick test (SPT) was done before and after treatment. After treatment, subjects in the polysensitized group who completed the study were further analyzed as subgroup 1 (n = 20) and subgroup 2 (n = 15) according to the number of coexisting allergens.

Results

Forty‐one subjects in the monosensitized group and 35 subjects in the polysensitized group completed the study. The global clinical parameters had significantly improved after treatment, with no significant difference between the monosensitized and polysensitized group throughout this period (all p > 0.05). The comparison among the monosensitized group, subgroup 1, and subgroup 2 indicated that there was no significant difference in symptoms scores and VAS at each scheduled follow‐up visit. There was also no significant difference in total medications score (TMS) in the monosensitized group, subgroup 1, and subgroup 2 after week 24 (all p > 0.05). No severe systemic AEs were reported.

Conclusion

No significant difference was observed in the clinical effects of HDM SLIT between polysensitized and monosensitized children with respiratory allergic diseases.
First‐principles study of the electronic and magnetic properties of 4‐8 line‐defect‐embedded BN sheets decorated with transition metals
Authors: Wang Yanli , Ding Yi
Published: August 2014

Very recently, the 4‐8 line defects (LDs), containing homoelemental B‐B and N‐N bonds at the squares and octagons, have been observed in BN sheets under electron‐beam irradiation. Inspired by the experiment, a first‐principles study on these 4‐8 LD‐embedded BN sheets and the doping effects of transition metal (TM) atoms was conducted. It was found that the homoelemental bonds induce defect states in the band gap of BN sheets, which markedly reduce the gap value by 38%. The line defect binds the foreign TM atoms strongly, which can form one‐dimensional TM chains in the sheets. Consequently, diverse electronic and magnetic properties are induced into BN sheets: the Cr‐ and Ni‐chain dopings bring a quasi‐spin‐gapless semiconducting feature, the Fe‐ and Co‐chain dopings cause a ferromagnetic semiconducting behavior, and the Mn one even transforms the sheets into antiferromagnetic semiconductors. The studies demonstrate that these TM‐chain‐doped BN sheets are potential candidates for spintronics and nanodevices.
Surface‐Confined Single‐Layer Covalent Organic Framework on Single‐Layer Graphene Grown on Copper Foil
Authors: Xu Lirong , Zhou Xin , Tian Wei Quan , Gao Teng , Zhang Yan Feng , Lei Shengbin , Liu Zhong Fan
Published: August 2014

The integration of 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with atomic thickness with graphene will lead to intriguing two‐dimensional materials. A surface‐confined covalently bonded Schiff base network was prepared on single‐layer graphene grown on copper foil and the dynamic reaction process was investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy. DFT simulations provide an understanding of the electronic structures and the interactions between the surface COF and graphene. Strong coupling between the surface COF and graphene was confirmed by the dispersive bands of the surface COF after interaction with graphene, and also by the experimental observation of tunneling condition dependent contrast of the surface COF.
Formation of Polydopamine Nanofibers with the Aid of Folic Acid
Authors: Yu Xiang , Fan Hailong , Wang Le , Jin Zhaoxia
Published: August 2014

Polydopamine (PDA) generated by the oxidative self‐polymerization of dopamine shows great potential for surface modification. Observed PDA nanostructures are nanoparticles and thin films. The formation mechanism of PDA is still unclear; thus, the manipulation of PDA nanostructures is a big challenge. In this study, we first demonstrated that folic acid shows a dramatic effect on the PDA nanostructure: New aggregated nanostructures of PDA, nanobelts and nanofibers, were generated in a dopamine/folic acid system. We hypothesized that folic acid may be involved in the stacking of protomolecules of PDA by π–π interactions and hydrogen bonding. Herein we describe the first experimental strategy to manipulate the aggregation of PDA by using small molecules. This study not only provides a new method for generating PDA nanofibers, which are proposed bioorganic electronic materials, but also a possible way to understand the formation mechanism of PDA and its analogues in nature, melanins.
Regioselective Dihalohydration Reactions of Propargylic Alcohols: Gold‐Catalyzed and Noncatalyzed Reactions
Authors: D'Oyley Jarryl M. , Aliev Abil E. , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: August 2014

The regioselective conversion of propargylic alcohols into previously unreported α,α‐diiodo‐β‐hydroxyketones was achieved by treatment with N‐iodosuccinimide in the presence of a gold catalyst. The corresponding α,α‐dichloro‐β‐hydroxyketones were obtained by treatment with trichloroisocyanuric acid in the absence of a catalyst. The latter reaction can be extended to other alkynols. These transformations can be used to prepare potentially useful halogenated building blocks. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves participation of the acetonitrile solvent in the formation of a 5‐halo‐1,3‐oxazine intermediate.
Polymerization of Tellurophene Derivatives by Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed ipso‐Arylative Polymerization
Authors: Park Young S. , Wu Qin , Nam Chang‐Yong , Grubbs Robert B.
Published: August 2014

We report the synthesis of a tellurophene‐containing low‐bandgap polymer, PDPPTe2T, by microwave‐assisted palladium‐catalyzed ipso‐arylative polymerization of 2,5‐bis[(α‐hydroxy‐α,α‐diphenyl)methyl]tellurophene with a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) monomer. Compared with the corresponding thiophene analog, PDPPTe2T absorbs light of longer wavelengths and has a smaller bandgap. Bulk heterojunction solar cells prepared from PDPPTe2T and PC71BM show PCE values of up to 4.4 %. External quantum efficiency measurements show that PDPPTe2T produces photocurrent at wavelengths up to 1 µm. DFT calculations suggest that the atomic substitution from sulfur to tellurium increases electronic coupling to decrease the length of the carbon–carbon bonds between the tellurophene and thiophene rings, which results in the red‐shift in absorption upon substitution of tellurium for sulfur.
CH Functionalization/Asymmetric Michael Addition Cascade Enabled by Relay Catalysis: Metal Carbenoid Used for CC Bond Formation
Authors: Chen Dian‐Feng , Zhao Feng , Hu Yue , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: August 2014

A combination of either ruthenium(II) or rhodium(II) complexes and quinine‐derived squaramide enables 3‐diazooxindoles, indoles, and nitroalkenes to undergo highly efficient asymmetric three‐component reactions, thus affording optically active 3,3′‐bis(indole)s through a consecutive CC bond‐forming sequence, which turned out to be applicable to the facile total synthesis of (−)‐folicanthine.
Recrystallization‐Induced Self‐Assembly for the Growth of Cu2O Superstructures
Authors: Shang Yang , Shao Yi‐Ming , Zhang Dong‐Feng , Guo Lin
Published: August 2014

The assembly of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) into 3D superstructures with defined morphologies is of particular interest. A novel strategy that is based on recrystallization‐induced self‐assembly (RISA) for the construction of 3D Cu2O superstructures and employs Cu2O mesoporous spheres with diameters of approximately 300 nm as the building blocks has now been developed. Balancing the hydrolysis and recrystallization rates of the CuCl precursors through precisely adjusting the experimental parameters was key to success. Furthermore, the geometry of the superstructures can be tuned to obtain either cubes or tetrahedra and was shown to be dependent on the growth behavior of bulk CuCl. The overall strategy extends the applicability of recrystallization‐based processes for the guided construction of assemblies and offers unique insights for assembling larger particles into complicated 3D superstructures.
Opposite Face Sensitivity of CeO2 in Hydrogenation and Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Colussi Sara , Krumeich Frank , Trovarelli Alessandro , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: August 2014

The determination of structure–performance relationships of ceria in heterogeneous reactions is enabled by the control of the crystal shape and morphology. Whereas the (100) surface, predominantly exposed in nanocubes, is optimal for CO oxidation, the (111) surface, prevalent in conventional polyhedral CeO2 particles, dominates in C2H2 hydrogenation. This result is attributed to the different oxygen vacancy chemistry on these facets. In contrast to oxidations, hydrogenations on CeO2 are favored over low‐vacancy surfaces owing to the key role of oxygen on the stabilization of reactive intermediates. The catalytic behavior after ageing at high temperature confirms the inverse face sensitivity of the two reaction families.
Platinum‐Free Binary Co‐Ni Alloy Counter Electrodes for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Xiaoxu , Tang Qunwei , He Benlin , Lin Lin , Yu Liangmin
Published: August 2014

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted growing interest because of their application in renewable energy technologies in developing modern low‐carbon economies. However, the commercial application of DSSCs has been hindered by the high expenses of platinum (Pt) counter electrodes (CEs). Here we use Pt‐free binary Co‐Ni alloys synthesized by a mild hydrothermal strategy as CE materials in efficient DSSCs. As a result of the rapid charge transfer, good electrical conduction, and reasonable electrocatalysis, the power conversion efficiencies of Co‐Ni‐based DSSCs are higher than those of Pt‐only CEs, and the fabrication expense is markedly reduced. The DSSCs based on a CoNi0.25 alloy CE displays an impressive power conversion efficiency of 8.39 %, fast start‐up, multiple start/stop cycling, and good stability under extended irradiation.
Direct Observation of Dynamic Mechanical Regulation of DNA Condensation by Environmental Stimuli
Authors: Lee Amy , Karcz Adam , Akman Ryan , Zheng Tai , Kwon Sara , Chou Szu‐Ting , Sucayan Sarah , Tricoli Lucas J. , Hustedt Jason M. , Leng Qixin , Kahn Jason D. , Mixson A. James , Seog Joonil
Published: August 2014

Gene delivery is a promising way to treat hereditary diseases and cancer; however, there is little understanding of DNA:carrier complex mechanical properties, which may be critical for the protection and release of nucleic acids. We applied optical tweezers to directly measure single‐molecule mechanical properties of DNA condensed using 19‐mer poly‐L‐lysine (PLL) or branched histidine–lysine (HK) peptides. Force–extension profiles indicate that both carriers condense DNA actively, showing force plateaus during stretching and relaxation cycles. As the environment such as carrier concentration, pH, and the presence of zinc ions changes, DNA:HK complexes showed dynamically regulated mechanical properties at multiple force levels. The fundamental knowledge from this study can be applied to design a mechanically tailored complex which may enhance transfection efficiency by controlling the stability of the complex temporally and spatially.
Tautomerism in Neutral Histidine
Authors: Bermúdez Celina , Mata Santiago , Cabezas Carlos , Alonso José L.
Published: August 2014

Histidine is an important natural amino acid, involved in many relevant biological processes, which, because of its physical properties, proved difficult to characterize experimentally in its neutral form. In this work, neutral histidine has been generated in the gas phase by laser ablation of solid samples and its NεH tautomeric form unraveled through its rotational spectrum. The quadrupole hyperfine structure, arising from the existing three 14N nuclei, constituted a site‐specifically probe for revealing the tautomeric form as well as the side chain configuration of this proteogenic amino acid.
An Aptamer Intrinsically Comprising 5‐Fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine for Targeted Chemotherapy
Authors: Kruspe Sven , Hahn Ulrich
Published: August 2014

An aptamer specifically binding the interleukin‐6 receptor and intrinsically comprising multiple units of the nucleoside analogue 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine can exert a cytostatic effect direcly on certain cells presenting the receptor. Thus the modified aptamer fulfils the requirements for active drug targeting in an unprecedented manner. It can easily be synthesized in a single enzymatic step and it binds to a cell surface receptor that is conveyed into the lysosome. Upon degradation of the aptamer by intracellular nucleases the active drug is released within the targeted cells exclusively. In this way the aptamer acts as a prodrug meeting two major prerequisites of a drug delivery system: specific cell targeting and the controlled release of the drug triggered by an endogenous stimulus.
Dearomative Indole [5+2] Cycloaddition Reactions: Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohepta[b]indoles
Authors: Mei Guangjian , Yuan Hao , Gu Yueqing , Chen Wei , Chung Lung Wa , Li Chuang‐chuang
Published: August 2014

The first dearomative indole [5+2] cycloaddition reaction with an oxidopyrylium ylide resulted in efficient and diastereoselective construction of some highly functionalized and synthetically challenging oxacyclohepta[b]indoles. The protocol proceeds under very mild reaction conditions, thus enabling high functional‐group tolerance and unique endo selectivity.
Unexpected Synergy between Magnetic Iron Chains and Stacked B6 Rings in Nb6Fe1−xIr6+xB8
Authors: Mbarki Mohammed , St. Touzani Rachid , Fokwa Boniface P. T.
Published: August 2014

The synergistic combination of experiment and density functional theory has led to the discovery of the first ferromagnetic material, Nb6Fe1−xIr6+xB8, containing in its crystal structure iron chains embedded in stacked B6 rings. The strong ferromagnetic Fe–Fe interactions found in the iron chains induce an unexpected strengthening of the B–B interactions in the B6 rings. Beside these strong B–B interactions, strong interlayer metal–boron bonds (Ir–B and Nb–B) ensure the overall structural stability of this phase, while the magnetic Fe–Fe interactions are mainly responsible for the observed ferromagnetic ordering below TC=350 K.
Relative importance of chinook salmon abundance on resident killer whale population growth and viability
Authors: Vélez‐Espino L. Antonio , Ford John K.B. , Araujo H. Andres , Ellis Graeme , Parken Charles K. , Sharma Rishi
Published: August 2014

Two distinct populations of resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the north‐eastern Pacific Ocean have been listed in Canada and the USA as being of conservation concern. One of the major threats recognized for these two populations is nutritional stress associated with prey abundance levels and availability.

The predominance of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the summer diets of both killer whale populations has been shown by recent studies, and correlations between indices of chinook salmon abundance and resident killer whale (RKW) vital rates have generated hypotheses about the potential for chinook salmon abundance to limit RKW population dynamics.

This study merges statistical inference derived from linkages between RKW vital rates (survival probability and fecundity rates) and chinook salmon abundance with demographic perturbation analysis and population viability analysis to address some of the pressing questions that have recently engaged the efforts of scientists and managers interested in: (1) the role of chinook salmon abundance in the population dynamics of RKW; and (2) how RKW population viability is expected to respond to changes in chinook mortality owing to harvest.

Numerous interactions between the abundance of chinook salmon aggregates and RKW vital rates were found and deemed to result from predator–prey dynamics. However, the results of this present analysis also indicated that the effects of these interactions on RKW population growth and viability are relatively small and/or uncertain and in need of further research.

Other factors (genetic, environmental and/or anthropogenic) could be at play limiting RKW population growth and possibly masking and confounding the detection of stronger interactions between RKW vital rates and chinook salmon abundance. Given the current state of information, it is highly uncertain whether the allocation of chinook salmon resources for RKW would be an effective management action in RKW recovery plans.

© 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada Ecohydrology © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of a Reduced Graphene Oxide Wrapped Lithium‐Rich Cathode Material by Self‐Assembly
Authors: Lim Sung Nam , Ahn Wook , Yeon Sun‐Hwa , Park Seung Bin
Published: August 2014

A lithium‐rich cathode material wrapped in sheets of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and functionalized with polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) was prepared by self‐assembly induced from the electrostatic interaction between PDDA–RGO and the Li‐rich cathode material. At current densities of 1000 and 2000 mA g−1, the PDDA–RGO sheet wrapped samples demonstrated increased discharge capacities, increasing from 125 to 155 mA h g−1 and from 82 to 124 mA h g−1, respectively. The decreased resistance implied by this result was confirmed from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results, wherein the charge‐transfer resistance of the pristine sample decreased after wrapping with the PDDA–RGO sheets. The PDDA–RGO sheets served as a protective layer sand as a conductive material, which resulted in an improvement in the retention capacity from 56 to 81 % after 90 cycles.
Facile and Scalable Synthesis of Silicon‐Based Nanocomposites with Slitlike Nanopores: A Solid‐State Exfoliation Reaction Using Layered CaSi2
Authors: Oh Song‐Yul , Imagawa Haruo , Itahara Hiroshi
Published: August 2014

Silicon‐based nanocomposites with slitlike nanopores were prepared by heating a mixture of layered CaSi2 and NiCl2. The formation mechanism is based on a solid‐state exfoliation reaction wherein the formation of CaCl2 promotes the extraction of Ca from CaSi2, thereby exfoliating the layered structure. The nanocomposites showed anode capacity for lithium ion batteries up to 804 mA h g−1.
Controlled Dynamic Helicity of a Folded Macrocycle Based on a Bisterephthalamide with a Twofold Z‐Shaped Structure
Authors: Katoono Ryo , Kusaka Keiichi , Fujiwara Kenshu , Suzuki Takanori
Published: August 2014

Dynamic helicity in a folded macrocycle and control of the helical preference are described. We designed macrocycle 1 with a dual mode of folding through the integration of two flexible units that are arranged twice to form a cyclic structure. As a folding unit, we used a terephthalamide skeleton and a Z‐shaped hydrocarbon: the former acted as a control unit to induce a preference of a particular sense of dynamic helicity and the latter was just a spacer. A terephthalamide unit provided a binding site for capturing a ditopic hydrogen‐bonding guest when it adopted helically folded syn forms (M/P). Thus, only the terephthalamide unit controlled the helical sense of dynamic helicity in a folded macrocycle through the supramolecular transmission of chirality upon complexation with a chiral ditopic guest. In addition, chirality on a host could also contribute to the control of the helical preference in a folded macrocycle, which led to exceptionally enhanced chiroptical signals.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control System Design for a Morphing Wing Structure
Authors: Shi Rongqi , Song Jianmei , Wan Weiyu
Published: August 2014

Control system design for a morphing wing structure, which is proposed by NextGen Aeronautics, Inc., is investigated in this paper. The dynamic model of the morphing wing, developed based on the Euler‐Lagrange equation, is nonlinear, multivariable coupled, over‐actuated and uncertain. The allocation‐decoupling controller is designed based on control efficiency and decoupling matrices. For each decoupled subsystem, nonlinear and linear active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) systems are designed and compared. The time‐optimal property and the convergence of nonlinear ADRC are analyzed theoretically based on the isochronic region and Lyapunov theories. The simulation results of the developed control systems show satisfactory performances of decoupling and extreme tolerance of internal uncertainty and external disturbance. The comparison of nonlinear and linear ADRC systems demonstrate that the nonlinear system can provide a little better performance while the linear system can greatly simplify the design procedure. The results indicate that, the methods of control system design proposed in this paper are practical and effective for motion control of complex uncertain dynamical systems.
Dimerization of 30Kc19 protein in the presence of amphiphilic moiety and importance of Cys‐57 during cell penetration
Authors: Park Hee Ho , Sohn Youngsoo , Yeo Ji Woo , Park Ju Hyun , Lee Hong Jai , Ryu Jina , Rhee Won Jong , Park Tai Hyun
Published: August 2014

Recently, the recombinant 30Kc19 protein, originating from silkworm hemolymph of Bombyx mori has attracted attention due to its cell‐penetrating property and potential application as a protein delivery system. However, this observation of penetration across cell membrane has raised questions concerning the interaction of the protein‐lipid bilayer. Here, we report a dimerization propensity of the 30Kc19 protein in the presence of amphiphilic moieties; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or phospholipid. Native PAGE showed that the 30Kc19 monomer formed a dimer when SDS or phospholipid was present. In the glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) pull‐down assay, supplementation of the 30Kc19 protein to mammalian cell culture medium showed dimerization and penetration; due to phospholipids at the cell membrane, the main components of the lipid bilayer. Mutagenesis was performed, and penetration was observed by 30Kc19 C76A and not 30Kc19 C57A, which meant that the presence of cysteine at position 57 (Cys‐57) is involved in dimerization of the 30Kc19 at the cell membrane during penetration. We anticipate application of the native 30Kc19 protein with high cell‐penetrating efficiency for delivery of cargos to various cell types. The intracellular cargo delivery using the 30Kc19 protein is a non‐virus derived (e.g. TAT) delivery method, which can open up new approaches for the delivery of therapeutics in bioindustries, such as pharma‐ and cosmeceuticals.
Randomized clinical trial comparing self-gripping mesh with suture fixation of lightweight polypropylene mesh in open inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Sanders D L , Nienhuijs S , Ziprin P , Miserez M , Gingell-Littlejohn M , Smeds S
Published: August 2014

Background

Postoperative pain is an important adverse event following inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this trial was to compare postoperative pain within the first 3 months and 1 year after surgery in patients undergoing open mesh inguinal hernia repair using either a self-gripping lightweight polyester mesh or a polypropylene lightweight mesh fixed with sutures.

Methods

Adult men undergoing Lichtenstein repair for primary inguinal hernia were randomized to ProGrip™ self-gripping mesh or standard sutured lightweight polypropylene mesh.

Results

In total 557 men were included in the final analysis (self-gripping mesh 270, sutured mesh 287). Early postoperative pain scores were lower with self-gripping mesh than with sutured lightweight mesh: mean visual analogue pain score relative to baseline +1·3 and +8·6 respectively at discharge (P = 0·033), and mean surgical pain scale score relative to baseline +4·2 and +9·7 respectively on day 7 (P = 0·027). There was no significant difference in mid-term (1 month) and long-term (3 months and 1 year) pain scores between the groups. Surgery was significantly quicker with self-gripping mesh (mean difference 7·6 min; P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in reported mesh handling, analgesic consumption, other wound complications, patient satisfaction or hernia recurrence between the groups.

Conclusion

Self-gripping mesh for open inguinal hernia repair was well tolerated and reduced early postoperative pain (within the first week), without increasing the risk of early recurrence. It did not reduce chronic pain. Registration number: NCT00827944 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Enhanced Catalytic Performance of Composition‐Tunable PtCu Nanowire Networks for Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Xiao Meiling , Li Songtao , Zhao Xiao , Zhu Jianbing , Yin Min , Liu Changpeng , Xing Wei
Published: August 2014

Ultrathin PtCux (x=1, 2 and 3) nanowire networks (NWMs) with controllable compositions were successfully synthesized by using Triton X‐100 as the structure‐directing agent in aqueous solution. The as‐prepared PtCux nanocrystals were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The results show that electrocatalytic performance of the PtCux NWNs towards the methanol oxidation reaction is enhanced relative to that of commercial Pt/C catalysts. Moreover, if the initial atomic ratio of Pt/Cu is 1:2, the corresponding PtCu2 NWNs catalyst generates mass activity that is 3.77‐fold higher and specific activity that is 2.71‐fold higher than the corresponding properties of commercial Pt/C catalysts. The enhanced activity can be attributed to a unique structure and a modified electronic effect.
Synthesis and Characterisation of a Highly Active Cu/ZnO:Al Catalyst
Authors: Schumann Julia , Lunkenbein Thomas , Tarasov Andrey , Thomas Nygil , Schlögl Robert , Behrens Malte
Published: August 2014

We report the application of an optimised synthesis protocol of a Cu/ZnO:Al catalyst. The different stages of synthesis are all well‐characterised by using various methods with regard to the (micro‐)structural, textural, solid‐state kinetic, defect and surface properties. The low amount of the Al promoter (3 %) influences but does not generally change the phase evolution known for binary Cu/ZnO catalysts. Its main function seems to be the introduction of defect sites in ZnO by doping. These sites as well as the large Cu surface area are responsible for the large N2O chemisorption capacity. Under reducing conditions, the Al promoter, just as Zn, is found enriched at the surface suggesting an active role in the strong metal–support interaction between Cu and ZnO:Al. The different stages of the synthesis are comprehensively analysed and found to be highly reproducible in the 100 g scale. The resulting catalyst is characterised by a uniform elemental distribution, small Cu particles (8 nm), a porous texture (pore size of approximately 25 nm), high specific surface area (approximately 120 m2 g−1), a high amount of defects in the Cu phase and synergetic Cu–ZnO interaction. A high and stable performance was found in methanol synthesis. We wish to establish this complex but well‐studied material as a benchmark system for Cu‐based catalysts.
Catalytic Steam Gasification of Cellulose Using Reactive Flash Volatilization
Authors: Chan Fan Liang , Tanksale Akshat
Published: August 2014

Biomass gasification is considered to be one of the most promising technologies to deliver renewable energy. However, tar formation in the gasifier is one of the main challenges. Ni‐based catalysts are one of the most effective transition‐metal catalysts in biomass gasification for tar cracking and reforming. Alumina‐supported Ni, Pt‐Ni, Ru‐Ni, Re‐Ni and Rh‐Ni catalysts were tested for their activity in the reactive flash volatilisation (RFV) of cellulose to produce synthesis gas in 50 ms reaction time. RFV is a catalytic gasification process that utilises a high carbon space velocity and mass flow rate with oxygen and steam as gasification agents. Re‐Ni, Rh‐Ni and Ru‐Ni supported catalysts showed a higher gasification efficiency than the other catalysts, which was because of their higher metal surface area, high reducibility and lower CO desorption temperature. The highest gasification efficiency was achieved at 750 °C with a carbon‐to‐oxygen ratio of 0.6 and a carbon‐to‐steam ratio of 1.0 without any oxygen breakthrough.