bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sampling weights in multilevel modelling: an investigation using PISA sampling structures
Authors: Mang Julia , Küchenhoff Helmut , Meinck Sabine , Prenzel Manfred
Published: March 2021

Background

Standard methods for analysing data from large-scale assessments (LSA) cannot merely be adopted if hierarchical (or multilevel) regression modelling should be applied. Currently various approaches exist; they all follow generally a design-based model of estimation using the pseudo maximum likelihood method and adjusted weights for the corresponding hierarchies. Specifically, several different approaches to using and scaling sampling weights in hierarchical models are promoted, yet no study has compared them to provide evidence of which method performs best and therefore should be preferred. Furthermore, different software programs implement different estimation algorithms, leading to different results.

Objective and method

In this study, we determine based on a simulation, the estimation procedure showing the smallest distortion to the actual population features. We consider different estimation, optimization and acceleration methods, and different approaches on using sampling weights. Three scenarios have been simulated using the statistical program R. The analyses have been performed with two software packages for hierarchical modelling of LSA data, namely Mplus and SAS.

Results and conclusions

The simulation results revealed three weighting approaches performing best in retrieving the true population parameters. One of them implies using only level two weights (here: final school weights) and is because of its simple implementation the most favourable one. This finding should provide a clear recommendation to researchers for using weights in multilevel modelling (MLM) when analysing LSA data, or data with a similar structure. Further, we found only little differences in the performance and default settings of the software programs used, with the software package Mplus providing slightly more precise estimates. Different algorithm starting settings or different accelerating methods for optimization could cause these distinctions. However, it should be emphasized that with the recommended weighting approach, both software packages perform equally well. Finally, two scaling techniques for student weights have been investigated. They provide both nearly identical results. We use data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 to illustrate the practical importance and relevance of weighting in analysing large-scale assessment data with hierarchical models.
Non-isothermal reaction mechanism and kinetic analysis for the synthesis of monoclinic lithium zirconate (m-Li2ZrO3) during solid-state reaction
Authors: Yasnó Juan P. , Conconi Susana , Visintin Arnaldo , Suárez Gustavo
Published: March 2021

Non-isothermal reaction mechanism and kinetic analysis for the synthesis of monoclinic lithium zirconate (m-Li2ZrO3) were investigated by processing of TG-DTA, along with XRD, DLS, and HRTEM. For this purpose, the solid-state reaction of Li2CO3 with ZrO2 was carried out by TG-DTA at different heating rates (10, 20, and 30 °C/min) from room temperature to 1100 °C. The thermal data was used to calculate the kinetic parameters by two types of isoconversional methods: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS). The reaction mechanism was determined by the model-fitting method, applying the Coats-Redfern (CR) approximation to the different solid-state reaction models. The results confirmed the formation of pure m-Li2ZrO3, consists of semispherical particles of about 490 nm, using a very short reaction time. The average activation energy obtained by FWO and KAS methods were 274.73 and 272.50 kJ/mol, respectively. It was found that the formation of m-Li2ZrO3 from Li2CO3 with ZrO2 is governed by the three-dimensional diffusion mechanism. Based on these results, a microscopic reaction model of the formation of m-Li2ZrO3 was proposed.
Volcanic unrest at Hakone volcano after the 2015 phreatic eruption: reactivation of a ruptured hydrothermal system?
Authors: Mannen Kazutaka , Abe Yuki , Daita Yasushi , Doke Ryosuke , Harada Masatake , Kikugawa George , Honma Naoki , Miyashita Yuji , Yukutake Yohei
Published: March 2021

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, volcanic unrest has occurred every 2–5 years at Hakone volcano. After the 2015 eruption, unrest activity changed significantly in terms of seismicity and geochemistry. Like the pre- and co-eruptive unrest, each post-eruptive unrest episode was detected by deep inflation below the volcano (~ 10 km) and deep low frequency events, which can be interpreted as reflecting supply of magma or magmatic fluid from depth. The seismic activity during the post-eruptive unrest episodes also increased; however, seismic activity beneath the eruption center during the unrest episodes was significantly lower, especially in the shallow region (~ 2 km), while sporadic seismic swarms were observed beneath the caldera rim, ~ 3 km away from the center. This observation and a recent InSAR analysis imply that the hydrothermal system of the volcano could be composed of multiple sub-systems, each of which can host earthquake swarms and show independent volume changes. The 2015 eruption established routes for steam from the hydrothermal sub-system beneath the eruption center (≥ 150 m deep) to the surface through the cap-rock, allowing emission of super-heated steam (~ 160 ºC). This steam showed an increase in magmatic/hydrothermal gas ratios (SO2/H2S and HCl/H2S) in the 2019 unrest episode; however, no magma supply was indicated by seismic and geodetic observations. Net SO2 emission during the post-eruptive unrest episodes, which remained within the usual range of the post-eruptive period, is also inconsistent with shallow intrusion. We consider that the post-eruptive unrest episodes were also triggered by newly derived magma or magmatic fluid from depth; however, the breached cap-rock was unable to allow subsequent pressurization and intensive seismic activity within the hydrothermal sub-system beneath the eruption center. The heat released from the newly derived magma or fluid dried the vapor-dominated portion of the hydrothermal system and inhibited scrubbing of SO2 and HCl to allow a higher magmatic/hydrothermal gas ratio. The 2015 eruption could have also breached the sealing zone near the brittle–ductile transition and the subsequent self-sealing process seems not to have completed based on the observations during the post-eruptive unrest episodes.
A preconception intervention targeted at women with modifiable risk factors before pregnancy to improve outcomes; protocol for the Get Ready! feasibility trial
Authors: Flynn Angela C. , Pryke Emma , Wadhera Monal , Poston Lucilla , White Sara L.
Published: March 2021

Background

The health of a woman before conception not only influences the outcome of her pregnancy but also the lifelong health of mother and child. Many women in the UK are inadequately prepared for pregnancy, with reports of a high prevalence of smoking, low folic acid supplement use, and suboptimal diet and physical activity. Get Ready! will link an online digital tool to identify women planning pregnancy most at risk of complications with a personalised intervention to improve health behaviours and biomarkers of metabolic health.

Methods

Women planning pregnancy will be identified from a free and widely used online preconception tool. A short online screening questionnaire will then be used to recruit women considered to be at high metabolic risk. Eligibility criteria include resident in the UK, age > 18–< 50 years, BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 (South Asian) or ≥ 25 kg/m2 (all other ethnicities), and plus one or more of the following: 1st degree relative with type 2 diabetes, previous gestational diabetes (GDM), previous baby > 4 kg, or high risk ethnicity for GDM. Eligible women who consent to participate will be enrolled in a commercially available preconception intervention (Prepare Plans, LiveSmart UK Ltd). Following an online health assessment and home blood test, women will be provided with individualised lifestyle advice and coaching by dietitians. Process evaluation will provide an assessment of implementation of the intervention. Change in health behaviours and biomarkers of metabolic health will also be examined.

Discussion

Suboptimal health behaviours amongst women planning pregnancy are widely prevalent in the UK. Personalised health checks and coaching are especially important for women at risk of pregnancy complications. Get Ready! introduces a novel approach to identifying high risk women planning pregnancy and provision of a targeted intervention.

Registration

Trial sponsor: King’s College London.
Incorporating Novel Targeted and Immunotherapeutic Agents in the Treatment of B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Shah Harsh , Stephens Deborah , Seymour John , Maddocks Kami
Published: March 2021

The introduction of novel targeted agents and immunotherapeutic modalities into the treatment of B-cell lymphomas has drastically shifted the treatment landscape. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, recent approvals of CAR T-cell therapy, the antibody-drug conjugate polatuzumab, and the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody tafasitamab have provided efficacious options for patients with relapsed and refractory disease. These immunotherapies attempt to harness power from the patient’s own immune system to eradicate lymphoma. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, oral targeted kinase inhibitors such as ibrutinib and acalabrutinib (Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and venetoclax (BCL2 inhibitor) are now favored over chemoimmunotherapy for upfront treatment because of improved progression-free survival across all subgroups (including high-risk subgroups such as unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy chain and chromosome 17p deletion). In indolent lymphomas, several PI3K inhibitors are approved for treatment of relapsed disease. However, uptake of these agents has been limited because of toxicity concerns. Combination of lenalidomide and rituximab has been a safe and effective immune modality for patients with refractory indolent lymphomas; it is currently being used as a backbone to bring other targeted agents such as tazemetostat (EZH2 inhibitor) into earlier lines of treatment. In this article, we will review novel commercially available agents in the treatment of relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, treatment-naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and relapsed/refractory indolent lymphomas. We will evaluate clinical trials that led to their approval and will provide an outlook into the future novel agents currently under investigation in B-cell malignancies.
Unsanitized and Unfair: How COVID-19 Bailout Funds Refuel Inequity in the US Health Care System
Authors: Grogan Colleen M. , Lin Yu-An , Gusmano Michael K.
Published: March 2021

Context: The CARES Act of 2020 allocated provider relief funds to hospitals and other providers. We investigate whether these funds were distributed in a way that responded fairly to COVID-19–related medical and financial need. The US health care system is bifurcated into the “haves” and “have nots.” The health care safety net hospitals, which were already financially weak, cared for the bulk of COVID-19 cases. In contrast, the “have” hospitals suffered financially because their most profitable procedures are elective and were postponed during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: To obtain relief fund data for each hospital in the United States, we started with data from the HHS website. We use the RAND Hospital Data tool to analyze how fund distributions are associated with hospital characteristics.

Findings: Our analysis reveals that the “have” hospitals with the most days of cash on hand received more funding per bed than hospitals with fewer than 50 days of cash on hand (the “have nots”).

Conclusions: Despite extreme racial inequities, which COVID-19 exposed early in the pandemic, the federal government rewards those hospitals that cater to the most privileged in the United States, leaving hospitals that predominantly serve low-income people of color with less.
Histone variants at a glance
Authors: Talbert Paul B. , Henikoff Steven
Published: March 2021

Eukaryotic nucleosomes organize chromatin by wrapping 147 bp of DNA around a histone core particle comprising two molecules each of histone H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. The DNA entering and exiting the particle may be bound by the linker histone H1. Whereas deposition of bulk histones is confined to S-phase, paralogs of the common histones, known as histone variants, are available to carry out functions throughout the cell cycle and accumulate in post-mitotic cells. Histone variants confer different structural properties on nucleosomes by wrapping more or less DNA or by altering nucleosome stability. They carry out specialized functions in DNA repair, chromosome segregation and regulation of transcription initiation, or perform tissue-specific roles. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we briefly examine new insights into histone origins and discuss variants from each of the histone families, focusing on how structural differences may alter their functions.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Fracture at a Polymer and Metal Oxide Joining Interface
Authors: Kinjo Tomoyuki , Yoneyama Hiroaki , Umemoto Kazuhiko
Published: March 2021

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the fracture mechanism of the joining interface of a polymer and metal oxide. A polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) layer is sandwiched between two plates of aluminum oxide and one of the plates is pulled to simulate fracture under tensile force. The stress-strain curve for the polymer-metal interface is similar in shape to the stress-strain curve for constant cross-sectional strain in bulk PPS. In the simulations, fracture of the polymer-metal joint is initiated by the formation of small voids inside the polymer layer, which occurs at the yield point of the polymer-metal interface. Annealing prior to tensile loading is determined to enhance the joint strength.
Miocardiopatia Dilatada após uso de Adalimumabe em paciente com Pioderma Gangrenoso
Authors: Barbosa Orivaldo Alves , Andrade Talita Guimarães , Sousa Maria Danielly de Almeida , Correia José Walter
Published: March 2021

Introdução: O pioderma gangrenoso é uma dermatose incomum, crônica e de apresentação clínica variável. Sua etiologia é indefinida, e seu tratamento não é bem estabelecido. O Adalimumabe é um anticorpo monoclonal humano contra o fator de necrose tumoral alfa (anti- TNF) que é raramente associado à disfunção cardíaca. Relato de Caso: Relatamos um caso de uma paciente com pioderma gangrenoso idiopático que, após duas doses de Adalimumabe, desenvolveu insuficiência cardíaca grave com miocardiopatia dilatada. Ela foi tratada com diurético de alça, betabloqueador e antagonista da enzima conversora da angiostensina. Após dois meses, encontrava-se sem queixas cardiorrespiratórias e com melhora da fração de ejeção. Conclusão: A miocardiopatia dilatada, apesar de ser manifestação rara do uso de fármacos anti -TNF deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de insuficiência respiratória após seu uso.
Σκλήρυνση των φλεβών κάτω μελών (φλεβοσκλήρυνση)
Authors: Τζόγιας Λεωνίδας
Published: March 2021

ΣΚΟΠΟΣ: Να καθορισθεί α) ο επιπολασμός, η κατανομή και η έκταση της φλεβοσκλήρυνσης σε ασθενείς με φλεβική νόσο και υγιείς εθελοντές, β) να περιγραφεί η φλεβική λειτουργία και των μεταβολών του φλεβικού τοιχώματος σε άτομα με φλεβοσκλήρυνση και γ) να διερευνηθεί η πιθανή συσχέτιση της φλεβοσκλήρυνσης με τα σημεία και συμπτώματα της χρόνιας φλεβικής νόσου. ΜΕΘΟΔΟΛΟΓΙΑ: Επτακόσιοι σαράντα διαδοχικοί ασθενείς (41% άνδρες; μέση ηλικία 49; εύρος 18-84) παραπέμφθηκαν σε αγγειολογική κλινική για τη διερεύνηση οξείας ή χρόνιας φλεβικής νόσου. Συνολικά 1000 άκρα εξετάσθησαν με τη χρήση της duplex υπερηχοτομογραφίας. Τα χαρακτηριστικά του φλεβικού τοιχώματος και αυλού μελετήθηκαν. Η φλεβοσκλήρυνση διεγνώσθη με βάση την αυξημένη ηχογένεια και πάχυνση ή ασβεστοποίηση του φλεβικού τοιχώματος. Ασθενείς με γνωστό ιστορικό τραύματος ή χειρουργική επέμβαση στα κάτω άκρα απεκλείσθησαν. Δύο ομάδες ελέγχου χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για σύγκριση, η μια αποτελούμενη από ασθενείς πουυπεβλήθησαν σε φλεβική χαρτογράφηση (n = 100) και η άλλη από νεώτερης ηλικίας εθελοντές χωρίς φλεβική νόσο (n = 25). ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ: Εκ των 1000 μελών (δεξιά: 458, αριστερά: 542) που μελετήθηκαν με duplex υπερηχοτομογραφίας 21 μέλη παρουσίασαν αυξημένη ηχογένεια του φλεβικού τοιχώματος. Δεκαπέντε εξ αυτών παρουσίασαν επίσης ασβεστοποίηση και 61 μέλη εμφάνισαν πάχυνση του τοιχώματος. Ο επιπολασμός της φλεβοσκλήρυνσης ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερος στη μελετώμενη ομάδα σε σύγκριση με τις ομάδες ελέγχου 1 (p = 0.019) και 2 (p = 0.011). Η μέση ηλικία των ασθενών με φλεβοσκλήρυνση ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερη όταν συγκρίθηκε με το σύνολο της μελετώμενης ομάδας (59 vs. 47 έτη, p > 0.0001). Η φλεβοσκλήρυνση είναι δυνατόν να προσβάλει το σύνολο των επιφανειακών φλεβών με μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα εμφάνισης στην ελάσσονα σαφηνή φλέβα (ΕΣΦ). Το μέσο μήκος της φλεβοσκληρυντικής βλάβης ήταν 2 εκ. (εύρος : 1 -7 εκ.). ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Ο επιπολασμός της φλεβοσκλήρυνσης των κάτω μελών είναι χαμηλός χωρίς σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των φύλων. Θρόμβωση ή παλινδρόμηση δεν απαντάται στο σύνολο των περιπτώσεων φλεβοσκλήρυνσης, αλλά η μεγαλύτερη ηλικία και η παρουσία χρόνιας φλεβικής ανεπάρκειας είναι σημαντικές για την ανάπτυξη της. Σκληρυντικές αλλοιώσεις στα κάτω μέλη είναι δυνατόν να παρατηρηθούν στο σύνολο των επιπολής φλεβών αλλά απαντώνται συχνότερα σε τμήματα της ΕΣΦ.
Μακρομοριακή αρχιτεκτονική μέσω δεσμών υδρογόνου
Authors: Μπίτση Σπυριδούλα-Λήδα
Published: March 2021

Με χρήση τεχνικών ανιοντικού πολυμερισμού συντέθηκε γραμμικό πολυστυρένιο (PS), και κατά συστάδες συμπολυμερές πολυστυρένιο-b-πολυϊσοπρένιο (PS-b-ΡΙ), που φέρουν ακραίες υδροξυλομάδες. Παράλληλα, μέσω ριζικού πολυμερισμού μεταφοράς ατόμου (ATRP), συντέθηκε στατιστικό συμπολυμερές πολυ(μεθακρυλικός μεθυλεστέρας)-co-πολυ (υδροξυαιθυλομεθακρυλικός μεθυλεστέρας) (PMMA-co-PHEMA), όπου κάθε μονομερική μονάδα της συστάδας του HEMA, φέρει μία υδροξυλομάδα. Μετά από κατάλληλο μετασχηματισμό, οι ακραίες –ΟΗ ομάδες των παραπάνω πολυμερών, καθώς και αυτές της πενταερυθρυτόλης (PE), μετατράπηκαν σε ενώσεις ικανές να σχηματίσουν συμπληρωματικούς δεσμούς υδρογόνου. Συγκεκριμένα, οι ομάδες αυτές είναι η 2,6-διαμινοπουρίνη (Dap), η θυμίνη (Thy) και ο Hamilton υποδοχέας (Ham), όπου Dap με Thy σχηματίζουν τρεις δεσμούς υδρογόνου και Ham με Thy σχηματίζουν τέσσερεις δεσμούς υδρογόνου. Ο σχηματισμός δεσμών υδρογόνου εξετάστηκε μεταξύ των πολυμερών PS-Dap/PS-b-PI-Thy και των PS-Ham/PS-b-PI-Thy, προς σχηματισμό υπερμοριακών κατά συστάδες τριπολυμερών, των πολυμερών PS-Dap/PMMA-co-P(HEMA-Thy) και των PS-Ham/PMMA-co-P(HEMA-Thy), προς σχηματισμό εμβολιασμένων υπερμοριακών πολυμερών και τέλος των PS-Dap/PETA-Thy και των PS-Ham/PETA-Thy, προς σχηματισμό υπερμοριακών αστεροειδών πολυμερών. Οι συνθήκες με τις οποίες σχηματίζονται οι υπερμοριακές αυτές δομές, καθώς και η πιθανότητα σχηματισμού συσσωματωμάτων, εξετάστηκαν τόσο σε διάλυμα όσο και σε στερεά κατάσταση, χρησιμοποιώντας μία σειρά από τεχνικές, όπως είναι φασματοσκοπία 1Η-NMR, χρωματογραφία αποκλεισμού μεγεθών (SEC), ιξωδομετρία αραιών διαλυμάτων, δυναμική σκέδαση φωτός (DLS), θερμοσταθμική ανάλυση (TGA), και διαφορική θερμιδομετρία σάρωσης (DSC).
Χρήση τεχνικών μηχανικής μάθησης στην ιατρική πληροφορική
Authors: Ηλίου Θεόδωρος
Published: March 2021

Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή η ερευνητική μας προσπάθεια αφορά το επιστημονικό πεδίο της Μηχανικής Μάθησης σε κλινικά δεδομένα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, η συνεισφορά της παρούσης διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι ότι διεξήχθη συστηματική μελέτη και έρευνα με σκοπό το σχεδιασμό, την υλοποίηση και την αξιολόγηση μιας καινοτόμας μεθόδου προεπεξεργασίας δεδομένων η οποία μετασχηματίζοντας το αρχικό σετ δεδομένων σε ένα νέο σετ δεδομένων με μικρότερη διάσταση χαρακτηριστικών, βελτιώνει την απόδοση ταξινόμησης σε κάποιους ταξινομητές και μειώνει σε μεγάλο βαθμό το χρόνο ταξινόμησης εφόσον το μετασχηματισμένο σετ δεδομένων έχει λιγότερες μεταβλητές από το αρχικό. Η μέθοδος δοκιμάστηκε σε πέντε σετ δεδομένων όπου έγινε και σύγκριση με άλλες μεθόδους προεπεξεργασίας δεδομένων όπως η Principal Component Analysis και η Evolutionary Search. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνάς μας έδειξαν ότι η προτεινόμενη μέθοδος βελτιώνει κατά πολύ την απόδοση ταξινόμησης σε σχέση με τις άλλες δύο μεθόδους προεπεξερασίας δεδομένων σε όλα τα σετ δεδομένων που εφαρμόστηκε.
Proposal of a novel Artificial Intelligence Distribution Service platform for healthcare
Authors: Väänänen Antti , Haataja Keijo , Vehviläinen-Julkunen Katri , Toivanen Pekka
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we focus on presenting a novel AI-based service platform proposal called AIDI (Artificial Intelligence Distribution Interface for healthcare). AIDI proposal is based on our earlier research work in which we evaluated AI-based healthcare services which have been used successfully in practice among healthcare service providers. We have also used our systematic review about AI-based healthcare services benefits in various healthcare sectors. This novel AIDI proposal contains services for health assessment, healthcare evaluation, and cognitive assistant which can be used by researchers, healthcare service provides, clinicians, and consumers. AIDI integrates multiple health databases and data lakes with AI service providers and open access AI algorithms. It also gives healthcare service providers open access to state-of-the-art AI-based diagnosis and analysis services. This paper provides a description of AIDI platform, how it could be developed, what can become obstacles in the development, and how the platform can provide benefits to healthcare when it will be operational in the future.
State support for small and medium-sized businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic (on the example of the Moscow region)
Authors: Alekseev Roman , Dyudyun Tatyana
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of state support measures for medium and small businesses in the Moscow region during the COVID-19 pandemic, conducted through the prism of such indicators as: the tax system, financial and other measures to support small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The statistical analysis method was used to track the dynamics of the structure and quantitative composition of SME entities from 2018 to 2020. At the same time, the SWOT analysis method was used to identify the weaknesses and strengths of state support measures for SMEs (both at the federal and regional levels), challenges, and threats. The positive results of state support measures include: reduction of insurance premium rates, preferential loans for system-forming enterprises, provision of zero-interest salary loans, simplification of requirements for securing state contracts, extension of licenses and permits that expired from March to the end of December 2020, introduction of a moratorium on initiating legal entities ' insolvency cases for six months, postponement of accounting and tax reporting for three months, as well as a number of other economic measures. Among the weaknesses of state support measures are: insufficient monitoring of SMEs that received state support, weak development of regional and municipal infrastructure to support SMEs, and measures aimed at promoting investment in this area.
Political activism in social media (e.g. of Moscow, Ekaterinburg and Shies)
Authors: Bubnov A. , Kozlov S.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the practice of its manifestation in the modern political process of Russia, in particular in Moscow, Yekaterinburg and Shies, based on the analysis of scientific ideas about political activism in social networks. The main methods in the work are the comparative political science approach, case-study and content analysis. The analysis of recent political events shows that modern online technologies and forms of civic participation are gaining great importance in political discourse. With the advent of the Internet, the approach to an audience in the media space and the forms of interaction have changed. There are spontaneous emergence of Internet activism in Russia and the growth of its influence which were described. The role of the Internet in activating citizenship was examined, the main channels / Internet platforms (YouTube, telegram channels, etc.) and their functions in Internet activism were highlighted. It is argued that online activism and subsequent offline actions were shaped by network structures as unique events open to any participant. A study of political protest actions in recent years shows that, at this stage of the developing civil society in Russia, Internet activism, which has consolidated various segments of the locals around solving political issues, contributes to civil mobilization and raises awareness of protests. In some cases, the agenda in the Russian media can be formed mainly due to the activation of the masses in the digital environment. It is concluded that in the short term because of the growing dissatisfaction with conventional forms of political participation, the confrontation between authorities and society in the Internet can create a new political reality in Russia. Protest actions organized using the Internet, previously not frequent, have become very common in Russian politics in recent years. The practical significance of the work lies in the area that the results of the study make a certain contribution to development of the theoretical base of researches on Internet activism.
New subjects and technologies of state policy: actual practice and prospects
Authors: Volodenkov Sergey , Sidorovich Aleksandr , Scherbinin A. , Manoilo Andrey , Fedorchenko Sergey , Zverev A. , Miteva V. , Podrezov M. , Fedorov V.
Published: March 2021

November 20, 2020, at the Lomonosov Moscow State University the all-Russian scientific conference with international participation «State policy in the context of global challenges of modernity» was held, timed to the 10th anniversary of the Department of State Policy, Faculty of Political Science, Moscow University. Within the framework of the conference, which was attended by scientists and specialists from Russia, the USA, Bulgaria and Kazakhstan, a plenary session and several section meetings devoted to the problems of modern public policy were held. This review paper presents the key materials presented in the reports and determined the course and content of the scientific and expert discussion within the section «New subjects and technologies of state policy: current practice and prospects», in which scientists, specialists and experts from the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State Regional University, Russian State University for the Humanities, National Research Tomsk University, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan), as well as University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski (Plovdiv, Bulgaria). The principles of comparative studies, Case Study, content analysis, Big Data were used as methodological opticians. Within the framework of the «Incommunicado» case, the limits of the spread of this new type of communications are outlined. The conclusions emphasize that digitalization and technological transformations of the main spheres of functioning of the modern state and society are accompanied by the emergence of fundamentally new political actors claiming power resources. These processes form nonlinear effects that affect the content, functionality and structure of the activities of modern states, as well as the parameters of the functioning of national political regimes.
LA SABIDURÍA Y EL ARTE DE VIVIR EN OCTAVO CURSO. EXPERIENCIAS DE LOS MAESTROS DEL PROYECTO “PHILOSOPHIZING THE DIALOGOS WAY”.
Authors: Hansen Helskog Guro , Noah Weiss Michael
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses teachers` self-reported experiences from participating in a Dialogos philosophizing project over five months, from the perspective of wisdom development. The project involved teachers from 13 upper secondary schools in a municipality in Scandinavia. They were given a course on philosophy and rhetoric over four workshops with five weeks in between. Moreover, they were themselves supposed to facilitate 20 philosophical dialogue sessions with their own 8th grade students during the project. The research methods used were participative observation and analysis of teachers` meta-reflection notes after the last workshop. The paper concludes with that the project did seem to enhance teachers`wisdom. According to the teachers, the students had also become much more reflected due to the project.
INVESTIGACIÓN DE PRÁCTICA REFLEXIONADA EN LA EDUCACIÓN DE MAESTROS.
Authors: Noah Weiss Michael
Published: March 2021

In this essay the approach of reflective practice research, as introduced by the philosopher Anders Lindseth, is outlined and its relevance for teacher education is discussed. For that purpose, central theoretical as well as methodological aspects of this research approach are presented and further investigated. By means of illustrative case studies, examples are given on how this approach can be of use for teacher students in order to develop research competence, on the one hand. On the other, this essay examines how a teacher can reflect his or her own practice, in terms of self-studies, in order to learn from experience and to develop towards so-called phronesis (practical wisdom or prudence).
PRÁCTICA FILOSÓFICA CON ACCIONES CORPORALES
Authors: Sumiacher D'Angelo David
Published: March 2021

In this article I will provide some elements and perspectives regarding how it's possible to carry out philosophical practices through corporal actions. To understand this and to be able to do it out first, we must understand some general assumptions and principles around a broad understanding of philosophy and philosophical practice. After laying these foundations, I will focus on three great ways of performing corporal actions as part of the work that is done in philosophical practice. The first has to do with the sensory uptake of the other. In this way we enormously enrich the flow of elements that we use for working with others and the development of working hypotheses. A second type of corporal actions that we can incorporate into philosophical practice has to do with the performance of bodily actions by the practical philosopher. In this case, we use our action, gestures and expressions as a way of promoting, deepening and intensifying philosophical processes that are developed through dialogue or in any way. Lastly, a third way of including corporal actions in intersubjective philosophical interactions has to do with requesting the performance of specific corporal actions from others or performing them in conjunction with them. The variety of possibilities and achievable routes in this case is immense, but here we have an indisputable potential for philosophical work with others, which is built in principle from the grasp of circumstance and the philosophical process that is developing. In each case I will be considering a broad vision of philosophical practice that includes the work of philosophical counseling, philosophy for/with children, philosophical workshops and applied philosophy in organizations.
Archiwum Krakowskiej Kapituły Katedralnej od XVI wieku do 1879 roku
Authors: Zych Ewelina
Published: March 2021

ARCHIVES OF THE CRACOW CATHEDRAL CHAPTER FROM THE 16TH CENTURY TO 1879 The publication discusses the following problem: history of Archives of the Cracow Cathedral Chapter (16th century – 1879), based on archival sources, printed sources and literature. The purpose of the work was to discuss the history of the Chapter Archive at Wawel from the beginning of the 16th century to 1879. The work discusses especially: available literature, archive employees, archive rooms, the resources of the Chapter Archive at Wawel, as well as issues related to the collection, protection and sharing of archives in interesting period of time. The analytical and statistical method were used. The source materials used (328 positions) and the bibliography (302).
Correcting Misclassification Bias in Regression Models with Variables Generated via Data Mining
Authors: Qiao Mengke , Huang Ke-Wei
Published: March 2021

There is a surge of interest in social science studies in applying data mining methods to construct variables for regression analysis. For example, text classification was applied to classify whether the review is subjective or objective. The derived review subjectivity was used as an independent variable in the regression to examine its impact on review helpfulness. In the classification phase of these studies, researchers need to subjectively choose a classification performance metric for optimization. No matter which performance metric is chosen, the constructed variable still includes classification error because the variable cannot be classified perfectly. The misclassification of constructed variables will lead to inconsistent estimators of regression coefficients in the following phase. To correct the estimation inconsistency, we summarize and modify existing proofs in econometrics to derive theoretical formulas of consistent estimators in generalized linear models. The main implication of our theoretical result is that the inconsistency can be corrected by theoretical formulas, even when the classification accuracy is poor. Therefore, we propose that a classification algorithm should be tuned to minimize the standard error of the focal coefficient derived based on the corrected formula. As a result, researchers derive a consistent and most precise estimator in generalized linear models.
Online Allocation and Pricing: Constant Regret via Bellman Inequalities
Authors: Vera Alberto , Banerjee Siddhartha , Gurvich Itai
Published: March 2021

We develop a framework for designing simple and efficient policies for a family of online allocation and pricing problems that includes online packing, budget-constrained probing, dynamic pricing, and online contextual bandits with knapsacks. In each case, we evaluate the performance of our policies in terms of their regret (i.e., additive gap) relative to an offline controller that is endowed with more information than the online controller. Our framework is based on Bellman inequalities, which decompose the loss of an algorithm into two distinct sources of error: (1) arising from computational tractability issues, and (2) arising from estimation/prediction of random trajectories. Balancing these errors guides the choice of benchmarks, and leads to policies that are both tractable and have strong performance guarantees. In particular, in all our examples, we demonstrate constant-regret policies that only require resolving a linear program in each period, followed by a simple greedy action-selection rule; thus, our policies are practical as well as provably near optimal.
Category Evolution Under Conditions of Stigma: The Segregation of Abortion Provision into Specialist Clinics in the United States
Authors: Augustine Grace L. , Piazza Alessandro
Published: March 2021

Organizational involvement in stigmatized practices, that is, practices that attract substantial societal condemnation, is often challenging, inasmuch as it requires the successful management of stakeholder disapproval. In this regard, existing work on organizational stigma has highlighted the advantages of situating stigmatized practices within large, generalist organizations, because doing so allows for stigma dilution—that is, organizations can reduce stakeholder disapproval by increasing their relative engagement in uncontested practices, thereby straddling multiple categories in the eyes of audiences. This line of argument, however, runs counter to the empirical observation that stigmatized practices often remain overwhelmingly concentrated within smaller, specialist organizations, even though these are often not optimally positioned to cope with stigma. In this paper, therefore, we undertake an in-depth historical analysis of a revelatory case—abortion provision in the United States following the landmark Roe v. Wade U.S. Supreme Court decision—to build theory of how stigmatized categories can come to be populated predominantly by specialists. Building on primary and secondary archival materials, we identify three mechanisms that shaped category evolution and resulted in the de facto segregation of abortion into specialist organizations: the founding of freestanding facilities by values-driven providers, the exit of generalist organizations from the category, and the involuntary specialization of remaining providers, as customers no longer frequented them for other services and they soon became labeled simply as “abortion clinics.” We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the stigma literature and the generalizability of our theorizing to other settings.
Conflito em Hades: linguagem insurgente e memória em tensão com o trágico em É isto um homem?, de Primo Levi
Authors: Gonçalves Patrícia Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Quantas mortes são necessárias para que um evento como o campo de concentração seja abolido da humanidade? A segunda grande guerra parecia ter dado mostras suficientes de terror para que eles não mais existissem, mas a sua sombra ainda nos ofusca o sol. Temendo a possibilidade de uma repetição do horror experimentado, Primo Levi dedicou sua vida pós-Auschwitz a denunciar os horrores experimentados nesse local de morte e sofrimento. Mais do que denunciá-lo, analisou as circunstâncias que envolveram as vidas de milhares de pessoas e desmitificou a barreira que separa o Bem do Mal, mostrando que essa não é tão clara e firme quanto se desejaria, especialmente em situações-limite como aquelas às quais a vida no lager submete as pessoas. Nas próximas páginas, para recordar as intenções de Levi, procuraremos revisitar este local de tanto horror para ver se entre as trevas vislumbramos alguma luz que nos ofereça alguma esperança para os dias que vivemos e ensinamentos para não deixar que essa tragédia se repita.
Os gêneros textuais e o ensino de italiano como língua estrangeira
Authors: Barros Hiáscara Sales de
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo objetiva analisar a eficácia e os benefícios dos gêneros textuais, como suporte utilizado pelo professor de uma língua estrangeira, especificamente, de língua italiana, visto que, tal ferramenta, dinamiza a aula, tornando-a mais atrativa e proveitosa, facilitando, assim, a assimilação e o dinamismo do conteúdo, atingindo o propósito de tornar mais pleno o conhecimento dos alunos em língua italiana. Além disso, o presente trabalho tem também como objetivo explanar sobre a importância da interculturalidade na escolha dos gêneros textuais. Para subsidiar tal pesquisa, o presente artigo terá embasamento de teóricos como Marcuschi (2004, 2008), Dolz e Schneuwly (2004), Hymes (1970), Corbett (2003, 2010), dentre outros.
Analisi delle dimensioni culturali e della cortesia linguistica presente nell’articolo La macchina del fango di Umberto Eco
Authors: Natale Edoardo
Published: March 2021

L'articolo intende analizzare il concetto di dimensione culturale proveniente dal quadro della comunicazione interculturale nell'ambito del lavoro teorico di Geert Hofstede e il concetto di cortesia linguistica di Brown e Levinson. L'articolo analizza un articolo di Umberto Eco raccolto dal sito del settimanale Espresso nell'ottobre 2015. Lo scopo dell'articolo è quello di spiegare il meccanismo sottostante della macchina del fango all'interno del sistema mediatico italiano. L'originalità di questo lavoro consiste nell'utilizzare il concetto di dimensioni culturali  utilizzato nell'ambito sociologico così come il concetto di faccia della cortesia linguistica applicato a un testo letterario. In conclusione, questo articolo vorrebbe offrire uno strumento interpretativo utile per descrivere alcune questioni ancora valide sulla realtà culturale e politica dell'Italia. L'intento è capire quali dimensioni culturali e faccia come concetto sono coinvolti in questo articolo.
RÁDIOS COMUNITÁRIAS NA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE: comunicação local em movimento
Authors: De Sousa Sandra Sueli Garcia , De Souza Mendonça Nathália
Published: March 2021

As rádios comunitárias foram regulamentadas no Brasil em 1998. De lá pra cá, enfrentam muitos embates para continuarem funcionando: burocracia, falta de recursos, falta de participação do ouvinte, ausência de programas de capacitação etc. E, no entanto, se mantém vivas e atuantes. O artigo conceitua o que vem a ser a rádio comunitária a partir de López Vigil (2003); detalha os elementos da linguagem radiofônica (BALSEBRE, 2005) e conta a história de três emissoras comunitárias atuantes na Baixada Fluminense: Novos Rumos, rádio histórica do movimento que transmite a partir de Queimados; Serra Verde FM, em Xerém, Duque de Caxias e Mirandela FM, de Nilópolis. O objetivo é mostrar a importância dessas emissoras para uma comunicação propositiva e cidadã.
O LUGAR DA CIDADANIA NO CAPITALISMO COMUNICATIVO
Authors: Sartoretto Paola Madrid
Published: March 2021

Esse artigo discute como a participação cidadã na política através da ação comunicativa pode ser analisada a partir de uma apreciação crítica do conceito de capitalismo comunicativo. Não obstante sua contribuição para a análise crítica da participação política em ambientes digitais, capitalismo comunicativo tem um caráter midiacêntrico e um viés etnocêntrico. Essas características limitam a aplicabilidade do conceito em análises das possibilidades de ação cidadã no contexto da comodificação da comunicação. Propõe-se então a cidadania comunicativa como um conceito que complementa as limitações do capitalismo comunicativo.
Usucapião extrajudicial: viabilidade e eficácia da regularização do imóvel usucapiendo
Authors: Barreto Ralph Da Silva , Souza Frank Pavan de , Castro Bianca Gomes da Silva Muylaert Monteiro de , Alves Luiz Victor Monteiro
Published: March 2021

A usucapião extrajudicial apresenta-se como uma forma de aquisição originária da propriedade imóvel requerida diretamente no Registro de Imóveis. Sua importância é a aplicabilidade da regularização de imóveis pela via extrajudicial, haja vista a posse, por aqueles que a detêm, por lapso temporal suficientemente exigido pela lei em face da prescrição aquisitiva dos detentores de direitos reais registrados ou averbados na matrícula do imóvel usucapiendo. Por muito tempo, o procedimento da usucapião era tido como um dos mais dificultosos procedimentos especiais descritos pelo antigo Código de Processo Civil (1973). Hodiernamente, com o advento do Novo CPC (2015), há uma nova perspectiva para a regularização de imóveis. Esse procedimento extrajudicial é mais simples e mais rápido que uma ação de usucapião, eis que ações judiciais de usucapião costumam durar vários anos. O NCPC introduziu na Lei de Registro Público (LRP) o Art. 216-A viabilizando a aplicabilidade do procedimento extrajudicial. A Lei n° 13.465/2017 concedeu nova redação ao mencionado artigo. E, posteriormente, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) trouxe diretrizes com o Provimento n° 65, regulamentando o procedimento nos cartórios. O reconhecimento extrajudicial da usucapião torna-se uma das inovações mais importante introduzidas no Direito Imobiliário e Registral Brasileiro, com a vigência do Novo Código de Processo Civil/2015. A metodologia teve por base pesquisas descritivas, bibliográficas e  entrevistas. Neste sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a viabilidade e eficácia da regularização do imóvel usucapiendo por meio da usucapião extra judicial. O método científico utilizado foi o hipotético dedutivo e a abordagem da pesquisa foi qualitativa, por meio de textos científicos, leis e conteúdos publicados em sites oficiais. Ao final, concluiu-se que a usucapião extrajudicial introduzida no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro é hábil a produzir efeitos práticos em prol do usucapiente.
O direito à cidade inteligente sob a perspectiva do desenvolvimento sustentável: o caso da agenda Teresina 2030 e do Observatório da Mobilidade
Authors: Lima Thaisi Leal Mesquita de , Guimarães Patricia Borba Vilar , Braga Júnior Sérgio Alexandre de Moraes
Published: March 2021

O direito à cidade é objeto de discussão há mais de cinquenta anos, o que possibilitou amplo debate acerca de quais são os direitos básicos que envolvem o estudo dessa garantia. Após quase meio século o tema tem sofrido forte impacto, em razão das criações que surgiram nas últimas décadas, principalmente após o advento da tecnologia. Nesse sentido, urge estudar o fenômeno das cidades inteligentes como parte integrante do direito à cidade, ao passo que o estado contemporâneo demanda novas necessidades, estas não menos importantes do que os direitos abarcados pela doutrina tradicional. Diante disso, esta pesquisa objetiva construir o conceito de direito à cidade inteligente, sob a ótica do desenvolvimento sustentável, bem como analisar o caso da Agenda Teresina 2030, especificamente no que diz respeito ao Observatório da Mobilidade. Esta pesquisa fará uso de material bibliográfico, legislação sobre o tema e estudo sobre o caso do observatório da mobilidade, desdobramento da agenda teresinense. Pode-se depreender que o direito à cidade, no formato em que é pregado atualmente, já não contempla mais a realidade social atual. Após o advento da tecnologia, e com o desenvolvimento constante desta, é urgente pensar as cidades da perspectiva inteligente, sustentável, interconectada, funcional e inclusiva.
Tendências temporais da prática de atividade física no lazer de adultos na cidade de São Luís - MA, Brasil (2006-2018)
Authors: Lima Dartel Ferrari , Winter Laize Biesdorf , Tosti Lauana De Lima , Santana Vitor Henrique Souza , Lima Lohran Anguera
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar tendências temporais dos principais tipos de atividade física praticados no lazer na cidade de São Luís (MA), Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2018. Foram analisados dados de 24.412 adultos de ambos os sexos (≥ 18 anos de idade), participantes do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel). Tendências temporais foram analisadas para o indicador: principal modalidade de exercício físico e esporte praticados no lazer. Para as cinco modalidades mais citadas, a caminhada foi preferida para ambos os sexos, com 20,3% e 17,7% de praticantes na população feminina e masculina, respectivamente e tendência de crescimento de 5,5 pontos percentuais superiores nos homens quando comparados às mulheres. O futebol apresentou predominância masculina (17,3%) com padrão de decréscimo para o período (-10,7%). A musculação foi a segunda preferência para mulheres (5,4%) e a terceira para homens (7,2%) com o padrão de variação estabilizado para ambos os sexos. Para cada quatro ciclistas pedalando em São Luís, três deles são homens mantendo constante o padrão de variação. A corrida (homens) e a ginástica e hidroginástica (mulheres), em crescimento, completaram as preferências. Políticas baseadas na melhoria da infraestrutura e segurança individual podem contribuir para reduzir as diferenças dos percentuais de AF no lazer entres os gêneros. A continuidade e periodicidade do sistema de monitoramento da atividade física do Vigitel permitirá embasar ações promotoras da atividade física a partir das mudanças observadas ao longo do tempo.