bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying the Rule of Designers and Architects “Form Follows Function (FFF)” Can Reduce Misinterpretations and Methodical Shortcomings in Healthcare
Authors: Porzsolt Franz , Weiss Manfred , Weiss Christel
Published: January 2025

Sir Archibald Cochrane requested about 100 years ago answers to three questions before implementation of innovations in health care. These answers request the confirmation of efficacy, i.e. the “Proof of Principle (PoP)”, of the objective “Real-World Effectiveness (RWE)” and of the subjectively perceived value (VAL) of health care services. At the same time, Sir Ronald A. Fisher developed the concept of the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) for research in agriculture. This concept has become the accepted gold standard for demonstration of effects in health care research in the past 50 years.

RCTs are a useful study design to answer the first of the three Cochrane questions “Can it work?”. A wide range of different tools is available to answer the third (subjective) Cochrane question “Is it worth it?”, but none of these tools can answer the second question “Does it work?” in an unselected sample of patients of day-to-day care who present a variety of different comorbidities. We need to consider that the patient individual baseline risk profile may have a stronger effect on the assessed outcomes than our interventions. Without knowledge of the individual patient risk profile, we may probably disregard the strongest effect on the assessed outcomes.

Our comment substantiates and justifies the need of a new method than the RCT for demonstration of RWE. For that, we propose the Pragmatic Controlled Trial (PCT) and describe 1) the methods we used for analysis of data and the emerging strategy recommended for the three-dimensional assessment of outcomes, 2) the identification of the terminology conflict, 3) example to illustrate the evaluation using a PCT, 4) limitations of a PCT, 5) potential impact of the PCT, 6) literature on similar studies.

In summary, The PCT enables the answer to the second Cochrane question. This answer is based on the important effects of the “Endpoint-Specific Risk Profiles (ESRPs) of individual patients on the explored endpoints. In addition, the PCT facilitates the standardized analysis of revenue and expenses. The time and costs of documentation for approval of drugs and medical devices can be effectively reduced due to considerable reduction of necessary experimental RCTs for demonstration of PoP. The results of PCTs also enable new justifications of ethical, medical, economic, and political decisions.
D-Loop Region Variability in Ovarian Cancer Among Senegalese Patients
Authors: KA Rouguiyatou , FALL Habib , KENEME Bineta , MBAYE Fatimata , SEMBENE Mbacké
Published: January 2025

Our study aimed to determine the genetic variability of the D-loop region in a Senegalese population with ovarian cancer. This research involved healthy and cancerous tissue samples obtained from Senegalese women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Extraction of mtDNA from the D-loop region, followed by sequencing, yielded 49 nucleotide sequences. These sequences will be utilized to investigate several parameters of genetic variability: allelic frequencies, nucleotide frequencies, and mutation rates. Additionally, we will explore intra- and inter-individual diversity, assess genetic variability between different tissue types from distinct individuals, and illustrate both intra- and inter-individual haplotypic diversity.
Update in Nephrology
Authors: Tinawi Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Background: This timely update in nephrology is based on the proceedings of The American Society of Nephrology (ASN) Kidney Week that was held in San Diego, California between October 23, and October 27, 2024. The meeting had 4 sessions dedicated to high-impact clinical trials and late-breaking science.

Methods: This update will present 12 studies including 10 clinical trials. Each trial was published in a major peer reviewed journal on the day of the presentation. This will provide the reader with the opportunity to refer to the published study in its entirety. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) management was a major theme in the meeting, and 5 clinical Trials on that topic are included. Other topics included in this review cover kidney transplantation, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), the role of APOL1 risk variants, semaglutide in non-diabetic CKD patients, potassium binders in hemodialysis patients, and blood pressure management strategies in non-cardiac surgery patients.

Results: For each study a brief background will be provided, followed by the results of each individual study, then a conclusion and a statement about the study limitations. Conclusions: This update is a window into recent progress in renal medicine. Advances in basic science are propelling novel medications in the field of nephrology with the potential of impacting direct patient care. The excitement in the renal community is palpable.
The Impact of Emergency Department Staff Attitudes on the Quality of Care for Transgender and Non-Binary Patients
Authors: Forsyth Alyssa , Doan Van Emilie E , Frasier Kelly , Vinagolu-Baur Julia , Khan Sarah , Kimball Reece , Burnette Colin , Blan Brooke
Published: January 2025

This review examines the impact of emergency department (ED) staff attitudes on the quality of care for transgender and non-binary (TGNB) patients, drawing on existing research to highlight key findings and areas for future investigation. Studies consistently reveal a significant deficit in knowledge and training among ED staff regarding TGNB health needs, resulting in negative attitudes and biases that compromise patient care. Prior studies have revealed frequent instances of misgendering, discrimination, and inadequate treatment, which foster mistrust and discourage TGNB individuals from seeking emergency care. Interventions aimed at increasing cultural competence and sensitivity have demonstrated potential for improving patient experiences and care quality; however, there is a notable lack of comprehensive, largescale studies evaluating the long-term effectiveness of these interventions specifically within ED settings. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies to assess the sustained impact of cultural competency training on staff attitudes and patient outcomes, investigate the intersectionality of TGNB identities with other marginalized groups to understand compounded barriers, and develop and validate standardized tools for measuring staff attitudes and their direct effects on clinical outcomes. Addressing these challenges through targeted education, training, and systemic policy reforms is crucial for creating an inclusive and equitable healthcare environment for TGNB patients, ultimately improving their access to and quality of emergency care.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection among Patients Underwent Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Alkhelaifi Ahmad S , Alshehri Mohammed , Alzahrani Faisal , Althunayan Turki A , Benmeakel Mohammed , Alhoshan Fai
Published: January 2025

Objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections that can lead to a devastating complicated total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The main objective of this research was to investigate the prevalence of UTIs among patients who underwent elective TKA and to look for scientific correlation between co-morbidities, gender, and post-operative care. Our review provides an insight into the local characteristics among our population. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All patients from April 2006 to April 2018 undergoing TKA were included. We excluded patients with age less than 45 years, end-stage renal disease, and patients with history of oncological disease. Results: A total of 311 had TKA. 217 patients (69.8%) were females. The most prevalent comorbidity was Hypertension (68.5%) followed by Diabetes (51.8%). The rate of positive preoperative urinalysis and urine culture was (9.6%, 5.1%) respectively. Postoperatively, 8% of patients had a positive urinalysis and 6.1% had a positive urine culture. Age > 65, BPH in males, >33 BMI were statistically significant correlation with positive preoperative and postoperative urine tests. Conclusion: This study shows considerably high rates of UTI among TKA patients. It provides important correlations between the diagnosis UTIs and patients characteristics who underwent TKA.
Nursing Documents and Documentation for Patients with Heart Diseases; Could Be Made Easier
Authors: MS Foba , KN Liforter , MBS Atanga
Published: January 2025

The review article on documents and documentation for heart disease patients was conceived due to the rising prevalence of heart disease among non-communicable diseases. It highlights the need for quality nursing care through effective assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Proper communication among healthcare providers, facilitated by standardized documentation, is essential for documenting patient history and care effectively. The objectives aim to expose many documents for use in the care of cardiac patients, to describe standardized documents used in the care of cardiac patients, and explore difficulties faced with accurate documentation. Information has been sourced from websites, text books, journals, and institutions of health. Results show that Standardized documents ensure that all relevant information is consistently captured, thus reducing the risk of errors and omissions. These documents include, nursing assessment sheets, intake and output charts, nursing care plans, weight monitoring sheets, discharge summaries/ reports, flow sheets, patient’s progress notes, heparin administration form, digitalis/digoxin monitoring charts. It has also been revealed that algorithm sheets for vital signs, weight monitoring sheets, and flow sheets for laboratory results are important. Nursing documentation is shown to be a critical component of patient care, particularly for patients with heart diseases. The recommendations are, that continuous professional training be focused on identifying the best practices for implementing standardized documents for documentation in various healthcare settings, with a particular focus on the care of patients with heart diseases.
Case Report: Huge Bilateral Ovarian Cysts in Pregnancy; A Rare Findings at Mbagala Rangi Tatu District Hospital-Tanzania
Authors: Msumi Rukia , Mseti Mark , Shirima Olivia
Published: January 2025

Complications of ovarian cyst in pregnancy are rare. We report a case of peritonitis secondary to ruptured huge bilateral ovarian cysts, which was managed successfully with surgery. We report this case because it has never been published in Tanzania before.
Torsional Vibrations of DNA and RNA
Authors: BL Ikhlov , Evgenyevna Tregubova Irene , Samuilovith Ratkin Lev
Published: January 2025

Experimental evidence of suppression of bacterial survival at resonant frequencies is given, it is indicated that centimeter waves can cause hormesis. It is shown that the torsional rigidity of DNA or RNA helices in the free and in the compactified state differs by 30 orders of magnitude. Exact formulas for the natural frequencies of torsional vibrations of DNA and RNA are obtained. The confirmations of the theory according to which the natural frequencies of torsional vibrations of DNA helices are located in the centimeter spectrum are indicated.
Dermatological Manifestations of IgG4-Related Disease: Insights into the Immunopathogenesis and Clinical Spectrum
Authors: Vinagolu-Baur Julia , Frasier Kelly , Li Vivian , Kakarla Sriya , Christoforides Sara , Malham Kali , Dragovic Milena
Published: January 2025

This review aims to provide insights into the immunopathogenesis and clinical spectrum of dermatological manifestations in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder characterized by tissue infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. Through comprehensive immunohistochemical analyses of skin biopsies from patients with IgG4-RD-associated cutaneous lesions, researchers endeavor to understand the role of IgG4- mediated immune responses, cytokine signaling, and fibrotic pathways in driving skin inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, this research seeks to characterize the clinical presentation and treatment response of IgG4-RD-related dermatological manifestations to immunomodulatory therapies. Understanding the complex immunopathogenic mechanisms underlying IgG4-RD-related skin lesions may contribute to the refinement of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for managing this emerging autoimmune condition. Future research directions could include exploring novel biomarkers, identifying potential therapeutic targets, and investigating the long-term outcomes of dermatological involvement in IgG4-RD.
Arterial Restenosis: Past, Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Kuchay Arshed A , Lipin Alexander N , Padaria Shoaib F , Gruzdev Nikita N , Borisov Aleksey G , Muhamedov Hudayberdi A
Published: January 2025

Relevance: Restenosis is a pathologic response to vascular injury, characterized by neointimal hyperplasia and progressive narrowing of a stented vessel segment. At present arterial restenosis is the main problem of endovascular surgery. The repeated development of vessel lumen narrowing reduces the use of open and percutaneous arterial reconstruction methods. Actually, restenosis itself is a narrowing of the vessel lumen by more than 50% after damage of the arterial wall in the process of its reconstruction, usually developing 6-9 months after angioplasty. Although advances in stent design have led to a dramatic reduction in the incidence of restenosis, it continues to represent the most common cause of target lesion failure following percutaneous coronary intervention. Efforts to maximize restenosis prevention, through careful consideration of modifiable risk factors and an individualized approach, are critical, as restenosis, once established, can be particularly difficult to treat. According to the literature, the incidence of restenosis in coronary arteries ranges from 10 to 40% depending on angiographic and clinical situations. The occurrence of restenosis in lower limb arteries ranges from 34 to 46% with balloon angioplasty and from 1.6 to 19.4% with stenting, respectively.

Aim: The aim of the study was to review and analyze modern literature data devoted to the problems of arterial restenosis in patients after arterial reconstructions in lower extremities and coronary arteries, and modern approach to the prevention of this problem.

Material and Methods: We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Googleacademy, Cyberleninka, RSCI, HCC, Elibrary and Web of science with a search depth of 12 years for key aspects.
Budesonide –Oral Galenic Formulations For Chron Disease
Authors: M Luisetto , GR Mashori , L Cabianca , O Latyshev
Published: January 2025

Aim of this work is to verify the farmaceutical form of oral Budesonide compounded used in Chron’s disease : capsules delay release or oral suspension.

In particular way the kinds of excipients or bases-veicle used in the galenic pharmacy. The therapeutic need require a release of the API in delayed release . The Budesonide show low systemic impacts due by its hepatic methabolism vs a tocipal effect useful in this pathology. Some formulation provided by various pharmacy are reported as well as new technology like the 3D-PRINTING systems for colonic targeting tablets.
GAME STRATEGIES IN VICTOR PELEVIN’S SHORT STORY “SIGMUND IN THE CAFÉ”
Authors: ZHANG YU , CVETOVA NATALIA , VLASOVA ELIZABETH , TERNOVA TATIANA
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the game strategies of Viktor Pelevin, one of the most prominent representatives of modern Russian literature, using the example of the short story “Sigmund in the café”. In comparison with the stories of T. Tostaya or L. Petrushevskaya, Pelevin’s game poetics is more postmodern, it excludes the moral perspective of the narrative, but exposes the principles of playing with the reader, involving him in a postmodern text. The author appeals to the knowledge of modern man about the theory of Sigmund Freud and on this basis enters into a creative game. The “deception” of the reader who believes in the realization of Freudian ideas turns into a talented practical joke.
SOVIET LIFE IN I. KABAKOV’S “COMMUNAL KITCHEN” AND V. SOROKIN’S “QUEUE”
Authors: ZHILENE EKATERINA , BARANOVA TATIANA , SVYATOSLAVSKY ALEXEY , BOGDANOV IVAN
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to analyze the comparability of the leading tactics and strategies of a group of Moscow conceptualists in the field of painting and literature. The attention of researchers is directed to the consideration of the artistic moves of the leader and ideologist of the Moscow conceptual circle Ilya Kabakov in his installation “Communal Kitchen” and the ways of their reception in the literary work of Vladimir Sorokin, in particular in his first conceptual novel “Queue”. It is shown that the object of application of conceptualist strategies — pictorial in Kabakov and verbal in Sorokin — is the Soviet communal reality, the Soviet world and the Soviet man.
Involvement of Circulating MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis in Young Patients With Obesity
Authors: Mazgutova N , Witvrouwen I , Czippelova B , Turianikova Z , Cernanova Krohova J , Kosutova P , Kuricova M , Cierny D , Mikolka P , Van Craenenbroeck E , Javorka M
Published: January 2025

Obesity is considered an important factor contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Inflammation plays a key role in endothelial dysfunction (ED), an initial stage of the atherosclerotic process. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) may play an important role in the inflammatory process, but there is a lack of information about their participation in the early stages of atherosclerosis development in patients with obesity. We aimed to assess the relations between plasma concentration of selected miRNAs, ED evaluated by reactive hyperemia index (RHI), inflammatory markers and other factors involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults with obesity. Participants (30 males, 30 females; aged 15 25 years) were divided into two groups: those with overweight/obesity (OW/O) (20 males, 20 females) and controls (C) (10 males, 10 females). The plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers, cytokines, adipocytokines, markers of lipid profile and glucose metabolism and selected miRNAs (miR 92, 126, -146a, -155) were analyzed. No significant differences in any of the miRNAs were found between the groups. MiR-146a correlated positively with RHI. Dividing the group by sex showed more significant associations between miRNA and analyzed parameters (IL-6, fasting glycemia) in men. Several observed correlations indicate a potential role of miRNAs in inflammation, the atherosclerotic process and glycemic control, primarily in male subjects with obesity. The relatively low number of observed associations between assessed parameters related to obesity and the pathogenesis of its complications could be attributed to the early stage of the atherosclerotic process in young subjects with obesity, where only subtle abnormalities are expectedly found.
Infusing Illinois Educator Preparation for the Education of Multilingual Learner
Authors: Foster Susan M. , Martin Barbara M.
Published: January 2025

A longstanding opportunity gap persists between multilingual learners and their English proficient peers. This gap has been characterized as “a persistent and seemingly intractable educational problem” (Leider et al., 2021, p. 3). In response, this article outlines how a Midwestern educator preparation program has infused mainstream teacher preparation with the minimum content knowledge and pedagogical expertise necessary to meet the needs of multilingual learners. Curriculum infusion includes theoretical grounding, literacy instruction and assessment strategies, and field experiences nurturing culturally responsive dispositions. Implications for policy and practice are discussed, including integration of Culturally Responsive Teaching and Learning Standards (Illinois State Board of Education, n.d.) and the Illinois Comprehensive Literacy Plan (https://www.isbe.net/Documents/IL-Comp-Literacy-Plan-2024.pdf).
Can We Talk? Teacher Booktalks as an Influence on Intermediate Readers’ Choice Reading Selections
Authors: Layne Steven L.
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the impact of booktalks on 5th-grade students’ choice reading selections. The experimental design had 22 students in a treatment classroom where four booktalks across four distinct genres were delivered bi-weekly for an academic year (64 books in total) with opportunity for immediate checkout—three copies of each title were available. The same books in the same quantities were made available to students in the control classroom but no booktalks were provided to the students. Throughout the year, a growing positive climate of reading was observed in the treatment classroom with great excitement over the booktalks being demonstrated by the students who exhibited a strong desire to read the books. Observations and reporting from the control classroom did not yield a similar situation. A two-tailed t test showed a statistically significant difference in the circulation of books featured in booktalks in the treatment classroom over books simply displayed in the control classroom. Surveys indicated that the booktalks were particularly influential in the decisions made by 5th-grade students in the treatment classroom regarding their reading.
COVID-19 Pandemisinin Bir Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hastanesi’nin Yatan Hasta Profiline Etkisi: 2019 ve 2020 Yılı Verilerinin Karşılaştırması
Authors: Kılıç Nülüfer , Örüm Mehmet Hamdi , Örüm Dilek
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, bir ruh sağlığı ve hastalıkları hastanesinin (RSHH) koronavirüs hastalığının (COVİD-19) etkilerinin en yoğun şekilde yaşandığı 2020 yılı ile COVİD-19 pandemisinin ortaya çıkışının hemen öncesindeki yılının aynı aylarına ait verilerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Elazığ RSHH’nin kapalı psikiyatri servisine 01.10.2019-31.12.2019 ve 01.10.2020-31.12.2020 tarihleri arasında yatışı gerçekleştirilmiş bütün olgular dâhil edilmiştir. Olgulara ait yaş, tanı, ortalama yatış süreleri gibi sosyodemografik ve klinik veriler kaydedilmiştir.
Bulgular: Belirtilen tarih aralıklarında, 2019 yılında 1039 olgunun, 2020 yılında 457 olgunun yatışı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ortalama yaşın COVİD-19 pandemisinde azaldığı (p
“Doğum Eylemi” Dersi Sonrasında İlk ve Acil Yardım Programı Öğrencilerinin Doğuma İlişkin Düşünce ve Algıları: Nitel Bir Çalışma
Authors: Dinçer Yeliz , Alemdar Hacer
Published: January 2025

Amaç: Araştırma; doğum eylemi dersi sonrasında İlk ve Acil Yardım Programı öğrencilerinin doğuma ilişkin düşünce ve algılarının belirlenmesi amacı ile yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırma, tanımlayıcı ve kalitatif türde bir çalışmadır. Çalışma amaçlı örnekleme modeline uygun olarak tasarlanarak doğum dersini almış, çalışmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan, çalışma kriterlerine uygun ve yeterli veri sağlanabilen 20 kız öğrenci ile tamamlandı. Görüşmeler derinlemesine bireysel görüşme yöntemi ile yapıldı, 17 sorudan oluşan demografik bilgilerin yer aldığı anket formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış 9 sorudan oluşan görüşme formu doğrultusunda katılımcılara sorular yönlendirildi ve veriler araştırmacılar tarafından yazılı olarak kayıt altına alındı. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizinden yararlanıldı.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalamasının 20,25 (min 19, max 23) olup, ortalama kardeş sayılarının 2 ( min 0, max 9), ağrıya dayanıklılık oranlarının ort 6, 1 (3-10) arasında değişen düzeyde olduğu, 7’ sinin 1 yılı aşkın süredir ilişkisi olup, 6’ sının doğum olayına daha önce tanık olduğu ve 18’inin (%90) annesinin normal doğum yaptığı görüldü. Gerçekleştirilen derinlemesine bireysel görüşmeler doğrultusunda elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda: “Doğuma İlişkin Düşünce ve Algılar” , “Doğuma İlişkin Düşünce ve Algılara Etki Eden Faktörler” olarak iki ana tema ortaya çıktı.
Sonuç: Öğrencilerin genel olarak doğum ile ilgili olumlu bir bakış açısına sahip olsalar da korkularının olduğu ve aldıkları doğum dersi sonrasında bu algılarının değiştiği görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin eğitimleri boyunca doğuma ilişkin bilgi ve uygulamalara entegrasyonları yoluyla daha olumlu düşünce ve algı geliştirmeleri ve gelecekte etkin görev alacakları bu süreçlerde profesyonel bir bakım vermeleri sağlanabilir.
The procedural peculiarities with the pre-trail investigation towards the juvenile suspects
Authors: Kuzminsky Oleksiy Oleksandrovych
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of criminal proceedings against minor suspects (accused) at the stage of pre-trial investigation, which are regulated in international and national legal acts. The purpose of this study was to identify deficiencies in the regulatory and legal provision of pre-trial investigation of minor suspects (accused) and to develop proposals for their elimination. The analysis of juvenile delinquency indicates that they mainly commit serious and especially serious crimes, which indicates insufficient effectiveness of counteraction and prevention of such criminal acts. Minors, as a special category of persons, are subject to increased protection by state bodies and officials. The rules and regulations of the specified international and national regulatory legal acts are taken into account during the entire criminal proceedings, including at the stage of pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses involving minor suspects. It has been established that the norms of criminal procedural legislation, which determine the procedure for carrying out a pre-trial investigation of minor suspects, have certain shortcomings that do not contribute to the quality of pre-trial investigation of minors, often involve violations of the rights and interests of minor suspects, and also violate the procedural requirements established in current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine and reduce the effectiveness of certain investigative actions in the pre-trial investigation regarding the specified category of persons. In this regard, it is proposed to make changes to the norms of the criminal procedural legislation and other legal acts that regulate the activities of state bodies and their employees in the pre-trial investigation of minor suspects (accused), namely: make appropriate changes in Art. 488 of the Code of Civil Procedure in the part of the legislative establishment of the procedure for revocation (refusal) of the legal representative by the minor himself; provide in the relevant legal acts the obligation to acquire the necessary knowledge, abilities and skills in age pedagogy, age psychology and sociology, which will ensure the effectiveness of the pre-trial investigation of a minor suspect (accused).

This study, which concerns the debatable problematic procedural aspects of pre-trial investigation of minor suspects (accused), is not exhaustive and opens up prospects for further scientific research and development of practical recommendations in the researched area.

Key words: pre-trial investigation, criminal proceedings, juvenile suspect, juvenile accused, investigator, investigator, prosecutor, investigative judge, procedural actions, legal representative, juvenile delinquency, international law.
Counteracting gender stereotypes in the context of current international legal acts
Authors: Lysenko О. М.
Published: January 2025

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to overcome harmful gender stereotypes that limit the rights and opportunities of individuals based on their gender, as an integral aspect of ensuring gender equality in modern active society. The aim of the research is to study the legal means by which the international legal instruments of the United Nations influence the counteraction of gender stereotypes in the context of basic international conventions, agreements and legal mechanisms aimed at eliminating stereotypes that impose limitations based on gender. The theoretical analysis of international legal acts helps to identify effective strategies for overcoming gender stereotypes in international law and interstate relations. Key UN normative acts are examined, including the UN Charter, International Human Rights Covenants, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, United Nations Millennium Declaration, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals. The role of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women and the mechanisms for individual complaints under the Optional Protocol are considered. The study highlights important provisions of international documents regarding the elimination of gender stereotypes and the creation of conditions for gender equality. In particular, it emphasizes the need to eliminate discrimination, ensure equal rights and opportunities in education, work, family life, and counter violence stemming from stereotypes. Measures for involving women in decision-making processes, providing financial resources for gender equality projects, and others are examined. It is generalized that the current UN international acts provide comprehensive mechanisms for countering gender stereotypes, but they often have a declarative character or do not define clear procedures for realizing rights. Recommendations are provided on clarifying the definitions of gender stereotypes, expanding their coverage, introducing sanctions for their dissemination, more effective monitoring, funding research and programs for overcoming stereotypes. It is concluded that the means of counteracting gender stereotypes are an important component of international law for realizing the principles of justice, equality, and human rights regardless of gender.

Key words: gender stereotypes, international legal acts, UN, gender equality, human rights.
Legal certainty as a value component of quality lawmaking
Authors: Lvova Olena Leonidivna
Published: January 2025

The article provides a theoretical, practical and legal analysis of the content of legal certainty as a value component of quality lawmaking.

The author focuses on the substantive characterization of the quality of legislation, which is evidenced by clear legal certainty, scientific validity, and comprehensibility of the texts of legal provisions, as well as by the predictable, foreseeable result of their observance and application in the process of law implementation. It is also emphasized that on the way to European integration, Ukraine is implementing European legal norms, in the process of which models of legal relations not always typical for our country and Ukrainian national identity are borrowed, and concepts and terms of not clearly defined content are introduced into the legal field, which prevents their correct understanding and unambiguous interpretation and leads to legal conflicts.

In its decisions, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine has repeatedly emphasized legal certainty as a component of the rule of law, which implies an unambiguous understanding of a legal provision, otherwise it inevitably leads to arbitrariness. The author also emphasizes such characteristics of a legal act as accessibility and predictability, which will enable a person to regulate his or her behavior and foresee the consequences of such behavior.

Given the practical and applied aspect of the issue under study, the author states that there is a globalizing trend towards the replacement of traditional concepts in society and scientific doctrine, for example, with regard to the family, when its natural concept, which exists in Ukraine and is fundamental at the constitutional and international legal levels, is transformed from the «basic natural unit of society» to a «social construct».

It is the inconsistency of the content of legal norms with public expectations and needs, their unclear legal certainty and unpredictability that leads to the adoption of poor quality and ineffective legal acts, which can lead to human rights violations. In particular, in the area of discrimination, there is a competition of human rights, which is caused by artificially created conflicts between fundamental legal acts and newly adopted ones.

As a conclusion, the author proposes to characterize legal certainty as a component of the rule of law principle, which implies an unambiguous understanding and interpretation of the content of a legal provision, its scientific validity, accessibility, and clarity of the purpose pursued by the lawmaker and the intended result.

Key words: rule of law, morality, human rights, lawmaking, law, legal certainty, predictability.
Compliance with the conditions of validity of legal acts as a criterion for their effectiveness
Authors: Okunyev Igor Sergiyovych
Published: January 2025

One of the main tasks of participants in law-making activities is to assess the effectiveness of adopted legal acts, their improvement and adaptation to the actual needs of a person, society, state. However, the lack of a clear understanding of the criteria for the effectiveness of legal acts and their content make it difficult for participants in law-making activities to perform these tasks. Among the criteria for the effectiveness of legal acts that are insufficiently studied in the modern doctrine of law is the observance of the conditions for the validity (validity) of these acts, which determines the relevance of its theoretical study.

The purpose of this article is to study the content and essence of the legal construction of “compliance with the conditions of force (validity) of legal acts” as a criterion for their effectiveness.

The question of determining the conditions of force (validity) of legal acts as a criterion of their effectiveness is investigated. Conceptual approaches to the definition of these conditions are analyzed on the example of various legal acts. On the basis of the results of scientific achievements and doctrinal provisions made in the field of legal acts, an attempt was made to determine the general conditions for the validity (validity) of legal acts. General requirements, the observance of which is necessary for the validity (validity) of any legal act, are that: the content of the legal act cannot contradict the Constitution and laws of Ukraine; the content of a legal act cannot contradict the interests of the state and society, its moral principles; the legal act must be adopted on the grounds provided for by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine; the legal act must be adopted (committed) within the powers (competence) provided by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine; the legal act must be adopted in the manner prescribed by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine; the legal act must be adopted in the form established by law; the will of the person (body) adopting the legal act must be free and correspond to his inner will; the legal act should be aimed at the real occurrence of legal consequences caused by it.

The problems of invalidity of legal acts and their effectiveness are quite closely related. Their relationship is that, as a rule, only a valid (valid) legal act can be effective. A legal act that is or is recognized as invalid does not give rise to any legal consequences. That is why, the criterion for the effectiveness of any legal act is compliance with the conditions of its validity (validity) when it is adopted.

Key words: legal acts, validity, reality, invalidity, conditions in force, conditions of reality
Legal monitoring as a component of law-making activity
Authors: Tarakhonych Tetyana Ivanivna
Published: January 2025

The article describes the approaches to understanding of legal monitoring as a means of ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of legal prescriptions, carried out by authorized bodies both in the process of law-making and law enforcement, aimed at observation, collection, analysis, evaluation of the legal array, forecasting its development and improvement.

It is noted that the analysis of legal monitoring requires a balanced use of methodological tools, which includes a complex of principles of scientific knowledge, methodological approaches, worldview, general scientific and special scientific methods, the systematic use of which will contribute to a more thorough understanding of this category and the determination of its place and role in law-making activity.

It is emphasized that legal monitoring can be considered at different levels of scientific knowledge, namely: as a legal category, as a research method, as a special type of legal control, as a stage of law-making activity, etc.

Attention is focused on the peculiarities of legal monitoring, namely: this type of activity has a certain goal and task, it is characterized by a certain circle of subjects who use certain techniques and methods for collecting information, summarizing it, conducting a monitoring examination of regulatory and legal assets with for the purpose of assessing their quality and efficiency, predicting the need for improvement, which indicates the stagedness of this type of activity, the presence of an object of activity, etc.

The main functions of legal monitoring are defined and characterized, including: organizational, informational, control, prognostic, analytical and evaluation, etc.

It is summarized that legal monitoring occupies a special place in law-making activity, is one of the stages of its implementation, it contributes to the formation of a strategy for the development of legislation, the modification of law-making activity, the formation of a single coherent and coherent legislative framework, it is based on the legal assessment of normative legal acts, and as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of normative legal acts.

Key words: legal doctrine, law-making, law-making activity, legal monitoring, functions of legal monitoring
The problems of legislative omission in the context of Ukraine’s constitutional and legal policy
Authors: Ternavska Viktoriya Mykolayivna
Published: January 2025

The strategy of the constitutional and legal policy of the state, which provides for the sustainable development of society, the protection of national interests and the sovereignty of the state, requires proper statutory regulation of social relations and first of all in the field of constitutional and legal building. However, the important primary laws are absent in the system of national legislation, what raises the question of why the legislator is delaying their adoption.

The essence of the category «legislative omission» and its correlation with the adjacent notion «legal gap» are studied in the article. An analysis of the positions of courts’ constitutional jurisdiction regarding the presence of legislative omissions in the system of national legislation, determination of their nature and possible ways of overcoming them is carried out. There observed in the judicial and legal policy of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, on the one hand, the distinguishing categories «legislative gap» and «legislative omission», but, on the other hand, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine states that its competence does not include research and identification of legislative gaps, but as well as assessing the constitutionality of gaps in legal regulation, and moreover their filling.

It is concluded that legislative omissions, in the opinion of the author, should be considered as deliberate delay (inaction) of the subject of law-making activity regarding the adoption of normative-legal acts, the compulsion of which in the system of national legislation is directly stipulated by the Constitution of the state, and therefore it is a constitutionally-legal delict. The only legal means to date, which have a real potential to prevent the emergence or overcome existing legislative omissions, are legal planning and legal acts of the ECHR, the compulsory of which is provided by the Law of Ukraine «On Law-Making Activity». Legislative omissions require a systematic and comprehensive scientific study, the results of which should be taken into account when forming the concept of the constitutional and legal policy of the state.

Key words: law-making, legal gaps, legislative omissions, constitutional and legal policy, judicial and legal policy, legal means.
Substitution of concepts as a type of legislative error: the need for scientific consideration
Authors: Fuley Tetyana Ivanivna
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the problem of substitution of concepts in legislative acts. Considering the substitution of concepts as a law-making technique based on a logical error, as a result of which the true meaning of the phenomenon is distorted, and subsequently, in public consciousness the perception of replaced/distorted content is fixed, the author provides several examples from current laws, which illustrate such substitution, i.e., one concept or term is replaced by another, a different meaning is added to the specific concept, phenomena that are different in their essence are equated, etc.). Among the examples of such substitution of concepts are the following: legislative definition of «the principle of the rule of law» in the Code of the Administrative Proceedings, the Criminal Procedural Code and the Law on the State Service as such, according to which «the human being, his or her life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized in Ukraine as the highest social value and determine the essence and orientation of the activity of the State», as stipulated in the Art.3 of the Constitution; the concept of access to justice in the Criminal Procedural Code and the Law on Judiciary and Status of Judges; using terms such as «right to benefits, guarantees and compensation» or «right to recalculation» as the equivalent of «human rights»; methods of «be likened to» (when different categories of subjects, persons, types of experience, etc. has been equated) etc. The given examples demonstrate that the substitution of concepts concerns many legal phenomena (legislative definitions, terminology used by the legislator, subject composition, etc.) and leads to serious consequences. The substitution of concepts should be considered as a separate type of legislative error, which requires further scientific research.

Key words: legislative error, substitution of concepts, the rule of law, access to justice, the law, human rights.
Legal regulation and organization of notary activities
Authors: Boyko Oleg Volodymyrovych
Published: January 2025

A theoretical and legal analysis of the legal regulation of the notary institution and the organization of notarial activity in Ukraine was carried out. The article classifies normative legal acts according to the following criteria: procedural purpose, presentation form: legal nature. The author proves that the notary performs the powers defined by the law regarding the implementation of the state function in matters of protection and protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and legal entities. The dualistic nature of the notary caused the existence of ambiguous assessments in legal science regarding the place of the notary in the legal system. The author supported the proposal of scientists regarding the adoption of two codes — Notarial and Notarial-procedural, which will contain as much as possible improved and generalized norms for regulating the organization and activity of the notary of Ukraine.

Modern society is constantly undergoing changes, therefore, in order to qualitatively fulfill its powers, namely to protect the rights and legitimate interests of those who seek help from a notary public, the latter must constantly improve itself and meet the requirements of the times. That is why the research topic is relevant. Citizens turn to the notary every day with various questions that require legal assistance. A notary is not only a specialist in the field of law, because his knowledge is not limited to the theory of law, but also concerns psychology, sociology, linguistics, economics, etc. He has a high responsibility before the society, in connection with the execution of the powers granted by the state. A modern Ukrainian notary can be safely called a Latin-type notary. From the point of view of Ukrainian legislation, a notary is a system of state bodies and officials, as well as privately practicing notaries, who are called to ensure the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities by performing notarial actions prescribed by law on behalf of Ukraine. The notary is a special institution that is an association of persons authorized to perform notarial activities on behalf of the state on a permanent and professional basis. At the moment, the notary in Ukraine is a structure that is being formed, is in the stage of reformation, with a lot of shortcomings: sufficiently large gaps and contradictions in the legislation, misunderstanding of the essence of the notary and the peculiarities of its activity, controversial issues in the field of professional competence and the status of a notary.

Key words: notary, notary institution, notary activity, human rights, rights protection.
Constitutional parameters of civil proceedings
Authors: Lysyuk Yaroslav Yuriyovych
Published: January 2025

The article examines the impact of the constitution on civil proceedings. It is substantiated that human and civil rights and freedoms play a fundamental role in the establishment of constitutional norms and formation of constitutional principles that are manifested in sectoral legislation. The author analyses the stages of human rights development in the historical context. The principle of access to justice is studied in the light of generations of human rights. The author focuses on the basic principles of judicial proceedings enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine and identifies the elements of the constitutional model of justice. These include: the possibility of protecting human rights and freedoms with due regard for the direct effect of the Constitution; the exercise of judicial power stipulates that justice is administered exclusively by a court; the scope of judicial power is established in accordance with the rule that judicial jurisdiction extends to all legal disputes, and others.

Human and civil rights and freedoms determine the main directions of development of national legislation, in particular, the essence of constitutional provisions that not only proclaim the value of the judicial form of protection of rights, but also define the basic principles of organisation of the judiciary and administration of justice. This led researchers to define the essence of a new phenomenon - the fundamentalisation of human rights and freedoms.

The «global access to justice movement» has had a significant impact on the transformation of civil justice. This is evidenced by M. Cappelletti’s theory of three waves. We believe that in modern conditions, along with the fundamentalisation of human and civil rights and freedoms, it is legitimate to raise the issue of unification and harmonisation of domestic legislation with the law of the European Union.

The analysis of constitutional provisions makes it possible to distinguish the following elements of the constitutional model of justice: the possibility of protecting human rights and freedoms due to the direct effect of the Constitution; the exercise of judicial power is conditioned by the administration of justice exclusively by the court; the scope of judicial power is established given that judicial jurisdiction extends to all legal disputes; the organisation of the judicial system should be based on the requirements of territoriality and specialisation.

Key words: fundamentalisation, civil proceedings, constitutional parameters, human rights, principles of judicial proceedings.