bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biotechnology of wastewater treatment of dairy industry enterprises
Authors: Smolyanichenko A S , Yakovleva E V , Rezvanov A A , Rezvanov M A
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we propose a technological solution for wastewater treatment of dairy plants based on modern integrated electro-, physico-chemical and biotechnology with subsequent filtration on sorption filters. To reduce the volume of sludge, as well as to exclude the release of gases into the environment, the enzyme biopreparation was used. The effect of aerobic spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis on wastewater from a dairy plant was studied in a bioreactor. Electroflotation was carried out using insoluble electrodes made of titanium with a three-component anode coating (OIRTA). For post-treatment by sorption in dynamic mode the filtering load from the waste of agro-industrial complex - activated biochar of rice husk - was used.
Pilot projects of industrial photovoltaic solar stations
Authors: Jumayev A Ya , Atayev E
Published: February 2022

The scientific article examines the possibilities of using industrial photovoltaic solar stations in power supply systems in the regions of Turkmenistan. Based on the calculations of solar radiation in the regions of Turkmenistan, data on the technical potential of renewable energy sources were obtained. The criteria for evaluating the rational mode of operation of photovoltaic solar stations and the expected amount of electricity generation by solar panels are determined. Pilot projects of energy supply to the population through solar power plants are considered. Keywords: solar radiation, optimal orientation, photovoltaic solar power plant, power generation, decentralized power supply, criteria for evaluating the rational mode of operation.
Development of the electric transport charging infrastructure in Irkutsk region
Authors: Gavrilova Zh L
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the issue of development of the electric transport charging infrastructure. Regional peculiarities of this infrastructure are analyzed. Examples of development projects implemented by Russian companies in different regions are provided. The issues of economic justification (payback) of projects are considered. The main problems of charging infrastructure development and ways to solve them are identified
RANS numerical simulation in in-line tube bundle: prediction of heat transfer
Authors: Hayrullin A R , Haibullina A I , Ilyin V K
Published: February 2022

Abstraction. This article analyzed three RANS turbulence models to predict heat transfer in a in-line tube bundle. The numerical simulations were based on the commercial product AnsysFluent. The RNG k-epsilon model with enhanced wall function, SST, SST k-omega models were employed for turbulence modeling. Numerical simulation was carried out in the range of Reynolds numbers from 1000 to 10200. The obtained data on heat transfer were compared with the known empirical equation. The best agreement with experimental data over the entire studied range of the Reynolds number was obtained for the RNG k-epsilon model with enhanced wall function. The average deviation from experimental data was 6.3%.
An approach to estimating the range of wild fire firebrands transportation by wind
Authors: Ivchenko O A , Tiutin A V , Nadejkina G P , Kirichenko A V , Pankin K E
Published: February 2022

Forest wild fire prevention that is carried out to minimize of wild fires number and possible damage from them, is inconceivable without the development of fire-prevention procedures, which are based on data from wild fire monitoring. One of the areas of wild fires monitoring is the evaluation of forest wild fires spreading ability to transportation of firebrands by the wind. This way observed at crown-type of forest wild fires, which are formed from ground ones by transferring the flame to the trees crowns when the wind reaches a certain speed. A mathematical model has been developed for the firebrands transportation by the wind. Mathematical model adequacy was evaluated by inclusion of transfer coefficient as a ratio of firebrand speed to wind speed. The modeling of the horizontal firebrands transportation (sphere, cylinder and disc) has been carried out. Experimental conditions are firebrands have various sizes, fall off from a height of 5-20 m, at a wind speed of 1-5 m⋅s-1. Spherical and discshaped particles have the best transportation ability. The adequacy of the model of horizontal firebrands transportation has been experimentally proved by conducting our own experiments and analyzing information obtained from the literature on similar studies. The results of the experiments showed that with an increase in the air flow speed up to 10 m⋅s-1, the speed of the burning particle does not exceed the speed of the air flow that stimulates it. Thus, it is shown that within the air flow velocity of 1-10 m⋅s-1, the value of the transfer coefficient does not exceed one.
Transformation of the chemical properties of soils in the zone of influence of the asphalt concrete plant
Authors: Gumarova Zh M , Nurgaliyev A M , Japarov R Sh , Sungatkyzy S , Akkereyeva E K
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of studies of technogenically contaminated soils in the territory of an asphalt concrete plant. Toxic dust generated by the operation of the enterprise pollutes the air and settles on the surface of the soil. This anthropogenic impact is visually manifested in a decrease in the projective cover of the vegetation cover in the Baiterek region of the West Kazakhstan region. The studies represent the study of such parameters as wind direction, soil composition for readily soluble salts, heavy metals and oil products. In the analysis of soils for heavy metals and oil products, spectral and fluorescent methods were used. Easily soluble salts in an aqueous extract were determined by electrochemical, gravimetric, and direct titration methods. The dynamics of the accumulation of pollutants in the soil corresponded to the winds operating in the zone of the plant. In the northern and western directions from the plant, the analysis of soils for lead and cobalt showed that the permissible norms were exceeded by 5.8 and 6.1 times. The dynamics of petroleum products in the plant's soils also revealed that the approximate permissible norms were exceeded. Analysis of the salt content in the technogenic sediment showed an average salinity within the entire production site. As a result of the research carried out, we found out that the functionality of the plant, represented by the welding, boiler, asphalt mixture production units and the vehicle fleet, really exerts a technogenic load on the soil and vegetation cover. The authors recommend excluding the construction of residential buildings and livestock grazing in the northern and western directions from the design.
The Power Quality Improving and its Losses Reducing with Balancing Devices
Authors: Naumov Igor V , Podyachikh Sergey V , Bastron Andrey V
Published: February 2022

The method, algorithms, modeling, calculations and analysis the 0.38 kV electric network operation with unbalancing power consumption are considered. It is noted that the 0.38 kV electric networks, being electric low observability networks, are largely characterized by low power quality, which is accompanied by additional losses. An electric network model with a distributed load is presented. The current and voltage asymmetry indicators calculating method is developed, and the specialized balancing device parameters are determined. Bas ed on the obtained expressions, using Matlab technologies, the calculating asymmetric modes program was developed. The studied indicators were calculated for the created electric network model with symmetric and asymmetric loads. The balancing device influence degree on the quality indicators stabilization and the electrical energy additional losses reduction is established.
The influence of fuel and energy systems on atmospheric air pollution by enterprises of the metallurgical and machine-building complex
Authors: Oznobikhina L A , Rodionova S A
Published: February 2022

Currently, billions of tons of industrial waste from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises have accumulated in Russia. Ferrous metallurgy is one of the most environmentally dirty industries. The history of the environmental problem of the city of Nizhny Tagil, goes back to the beginning of the creation of the mining industry of the Urals. The development of mining, chemical, metallurgical production, mechanical engineering is formed by the increasing pressure of anthropogenic factors on the environment. Emissions of industrial enterprises, energy systems and transport into the air, at the present stage of the development of science and technology, have reached such a size that in some areas, especially in large industrial centers, pollution levels are several times higher than permissible sanitary standards.
Water situation in the transboundary Daurian region - forecast of development and new risks
Authors: Shalikovsky A V , Solodukhin A A , Shalikovsky D A
Published: February 2022

The hydrographic network of the steppe region located at the junction of the borders of Russia, Mongolia and China is characterized. The situation related to the diversion of the flow of the Argun (Hailar) river to the Lake Dalainor (Hulun) and other water management measures is considered. We estimated the probable time of filling of Lake Dalainor. Other water management risks in this region are characterized.
On the issue of the natural water bodies water quality assessment and methodology of their normalization
Authors: Zaslonovskiy V N , Sharapov N M
Published: February 2022

The current situation in Russia in the assessment of the water quality of natural water bodies and the achievement of their ecological well-being is considered. The existing assessment methods, the criteria on which they are based are analyzed. The problems associated with the application of these techniques are identified. The authors' opinion on the possible ways of solving these problems is expressed. An approach to the solution based on the division of the tasks to be solved into national and sectoral ones is proposed.
Use of renewable energy sources in extreme climatic conditions
Authors: Sheina S G , Muhsin M D , Girya L V
Published: February 2022

In this article, the legal and regulatory concepts for the use of renewable energy in the construction industry are reviewed, relying on some laws in a number of countries, which were taken into account as a model for its application in Iraqi cities. In this article, we have highlighted the problems and prospects for the application of renewable energy in general, including marine energy represented by wave, tidal energy, and its predictability. Also, in this article, we put a brief study on concentrated solar energy and the technology used to generate electricity using energy from solar radiation through the technology known as CSP. In summary, we reviewed the most important challenges that faced renewable energy projects as a result of the outbreak of the Corona virus, Covid-19, the health crisis that led to hundreds of victims among the cadres working in this field, and thus the energy sectors were directly affected as a result of the tightening of preventive measures and the budgets of many countries.
Clarification on the soil cutter parameters used for cultivation
Authors: Kudzaev A , Kalagova R , Tsgoev A , Korobeynik I , Urtaev T
Published: February 2022

The article provides analytical dependences for calculating such important parameters of the cutter for soil cultivation as the number of revolutions of the shaft with the knives fixed on it, the indicator of the kinematic regime, feed to the knife, as well as the power consumed by the cutter. Taking into account the results of research by other authors, numerical calculations were carried out. The following are the results of experimental studies of the process of milling the soil, carried out using a prototype machine. The torque on the drive shaft of the machine was determined using the strain gauge method. To determine the rotational speed of the cutter shaft, optical sensors were used, the translational speed of the machine was determined based on the processing of signals from a speed meter driven by the support wheel of the machine. As a result, it was found that the milling cutter with the values of the parameters determined theoretically provides high quality soil cultivation. The calculated values of the power consumed by the cutter are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Air Quality Classification in Urban Environment using Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Hamami Faqih , Dahlan Iqbal Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Air pollution comes from human activities that can threaten living things. It is affected by gasses including PM10, SO2, CO, O3, NO2 and others. Air pollution leads to dangerous diseases even death. Monitoring air quality is important task to understand pollution concentration. Air quality monitoring is better when it can classify whether air quality is habitable or not. This research proposes air quality classification using classification algorithms such as Logistic Regression, KKN, Decision Tree, and Random Forest algorithm. Dataset was taken from Jakarta’s open data for 12 months with several attributes including gas concentration and with several pre-processing steps. Based on experiment, decision tree model has the best accuracy to classify air quality level up to 100% with tuning several hyperparameters.
Improving natural disater understanding of junior high school students
Authors: Dewi Ratih Puspita , Suharjo  , Dahroni  , Sujalwo  , Fatonah Ayu , Wahyuningsih Yoza
Published: February 2022

Natural disaster management efforts are critical, especially in disaster-prone areas. One of them is carried out through education in schools. This study aims to implement disaster mitigation teaching media, analyze and compare the effectiveness rate of these implementations in Klaten Regency. This study was carried out quantitatively using the one-group pretest and posttest design. Respondents were determined by purposive sampling based on the location of schools in areas prone to natural disaster in the Klaten Regency. They consist of 704 students, 291 students were respondents of intracurricular learning, and 413 students were respondents of extracurricular learning. The study results showed that of all instructional media applied in disaster mitigation learning strategies, five learning media had the best effectiveness, namely volcanic mock-ups, animated videos, presentation slides, supplementary books, and posters. Furthermore, there were differences in the effectiveness of implementation, namely in intracurricular including volcanic mock-ups by 37.5%, earthquake video by 24.8%, landslide video by 25.7%, and floods slide presentation by 59.9%. Extracurricular include volcanic eruption video by 41.6%, earthquake video by 27.3%, floods supplementary book by 35.3%, hydrometeorological poster by 46.7%. An interesting finding was that the effectiveness of learning strategies with advanced digital media was not better than other simpler instructional media.
Community and infrastructure preparedness towards the implementation of sister village disaster mitigation program
Authors: Rivani  , Mei E T W
Published: February 2022

As one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, Merapi Volcano has potential risk towards the inhabitants living nearby. After the 2010 paroxysmal eruption, Sister Village program was established in Magelang Regency as an alternative strategy to a better disaster management by evacuating people living in the highest volcanic disaster-prone area (affected villages) to safer zones (buffer villages). By taking location in Tamanagung Village, Muntilan Sub-district, Magelang Regency as buffer village, this research tries to understand how the Sister Village program is implemented in this area, specifically to understand community and infrastructure preparedness. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data taken directly in the field by using questionnaires towards 40 respondents, checklists, and interview with keypersons. Community preparedness were analyzed using four parameters: knowledge, policy and guideline, emergency response plan and resource mobilization. The results showed that among four parameters, only knowledge parameter showing a good preparedness, while the four others still need to be improved. The use of information technology by the public, such as Whatsapp application, is widely growing. In terms of infrastructure preparedness in the buffer village, some enhancements in terms of capacity, infrastructure safety, health aspects, and comfort are still necessary.
Assessment of soil degradation potency for biomass production and the strategy for its management in Giriwoyo-Indonesia
Authors: Mujiyo  , Hardian T , Widijanto H , Herawati A
Published: February 2022

Biomass production supports humans need for food so needs to be supported by optimal soil conditions. The study related to the potential for soil degradation in land characteristics is the first step for sustainable agricultural control. Potential soil degradation is compiled from the number of scores for each land map unit (soil type, slope, rainfall, land use) using technical guidelines for the preparation of soil degradation, and the Pearson correlation test to examine the causal relationship of soil degradation from each land characteristic. The results show that the land with the highest potential is with moderate level potential of 4,671.83 hectares (46.44% area) and the other part of 3,953.13 hectares (39.30% area) has low potential level. The main factors for potential soil degradation are the slopes, rainfall, and land use. The steeper the slopes and the high rainfall carried out on intensive agricultural land, the greater the degradation to the soil. Suggested land management strategies include soil conservation with minimal tillage, mulch application, terrace construction, and planting parallel to the soil contour. In addition, erosion research needs to be carried out to determine in detail the magnitude of the erosion prediction in this area.
Study of bathymetry and sedimentation in Tondano Lake
Authors: Moningkey A T , Rampengan M M F , Tumengkol A A , Kumaat J C
Published: February 2022

Tondano Lake is the largest lake on the northern peninsula of Sulawesi, which is naturally formed at an altitude of 680 m above sea level. Tondano Lake extends from north to south, while the width of the lake leads from west to east, the width of the lake varies from 3 to 5 kilometers, and the length of the lake in the longest part is 12.8 kilometers. The sedimentation or silting of Tondano Lake is one of the problems that can disrupt the ecological function and socio-economic life of the people who live and live around the lake area. The purpose of the study was to determine the rate of silting of the lake from 2015 to 2020. The study was carried out from June to October 2020, at Tondano Lake, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. The analytical method used is the descriptive research method that describes the variables and phenomena that occur. Bathymetry data for 2015 was obtained from the bathymetry map 2015 by the Sulawesi River Region I. While the bathymetry data for 2020 was obtained from the results of a research survey from December 2019 to June 2020. The results of the analysis of bathymetry maps in 2015 and 2020 showed that there was a changing depth, in 2015 the maximum depth was 31.81 m and the average depth was 12.88 m. In 2020, the maximum depth is 30.22 m and the average depth is 12.66 m. Based on the results of spatial analysis, it is known that there is a siltation rate of 4.4 cm per year in Tondano Lake.
Capacity building: lessons learned Kampung Sewu Surakarta
Authors: Rita N
Published: February 2022

Persistent flood disasters in Surakarta City almost every year pose diverse challenges to the region’s sustainable development. However, existing institutional policies on flood control had succeeded to adequately complement known structural measures with the relevant non-structural standards of flood risk management. In this paper, we present an assessing institutional capacities Sibat for flood disaster risk reduction. This review article provides a deep understanding of flood vulnerability capacity building as an often neglected non-structural measure in flood-prone regions of developing countries. An extensive systematic review was conducted on flood vulnerability capacity building related to peer-reviewed journal articles and documents domiciled in the Web of Science, Scopus, and field survey. The study reveals the underlying potentials and procedure of flood vulnerability capacity building as a robust non-structural strategy that is reliable and should precede structural measures in managing flood risks and flood hazards in the Bengawan solo Riverbank.
Analysis of run-off potential for flash flood management in Rahakolowu Watershed
Authors: Mazalena R D , Ahmad  , Yusup Y
Published: February 2022

Rahakolowu Watershed is an important and strategic issue area for the South Buton Regency. The characteristic of this region is in the form of hills and having wavy until the very steep slope which is very potential of having high run-off. The purpose of this study was: 1) to determine the potential for surface run-off that occurs in the Rahakolowu Watershed; 2) to map the potential for flash floods that occur in the Rahakolowu Watershed. The approach used in this study was a modified HRU (Hydrological Response Unit) with a run-off occurrence land unit as its unit analysis. Based on the result, the highest run-off water discharge produced in each sub-basin was an average of more than 0.50 m3/sec, both on forest, moor, residentials, mix garden and shrubs. The high slope and the area of each land unit in a flow occurrence is the factor causing the high run-off in the Rahakolowu Watershed. Flash floods occur along the main river channel and become inundation floods when they reach downstream. The accumulation of run-off in the southern sub-basin has more potential as a flood contributor in the Rahakolowu Watershed.
Analysis of social vulnerability index in Watershed Bengawan Solo downstream
Authors: Suryanto  , Juwita A H , Wicaksono D R
Published: February 2022

Purpose of this research to know 1) the level of social vulnerability, 2) socio economic description, and 3) mapping of comparison of social vulnerability in Watershed of Bengawan Solo covering Bojonegoro, Tuban, Lamongan and Gresik. The method used in this research by using Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) method as social vulnerability analysis tool and Geography Information System (GIS) analysis tool to map the area and its vulnerability level. The results showed the highest level of social vulnerability with the highest score of SoVI score obtained by Tuban Regency with SoVI score of 7, then Bojonegoro with SoVI score of 6, Lamongan with SoVI score of 4, and Gresik with SoVI score of 1. Bojonegoro And Kabupaten Tuban have the same highest score on the components of social vulnerability level, then Lamongan regency, and the lowest level of social vulnerability is in Gresik regency. For the grade of social vulnerability, Kabupaten Tuban and Bojonegoro are categorized into high social vulnerability classes, Lamongan District with moderate social vulnerability, and Gresik Regency with the lowest social vulnerability.
Spatial analysis of damage due to the eruption of Mount Kelud in February 2014: lessons learned for better regional planning
Authors: Tsana S , Ayuni S I , Priyandianto N R
Published: February 2022

The eruption of Mount Kelud in February 2014 released eruptive material that caused lava flooding from the sub-watershed. Lava floods cause land-use changes, land damage, and infrastructure damage. Ngantang Sub-district Malang Regency is the area most severely affected by the eruption of Mount Kelud. This paper aims as a preventive effort to reduce disaster risk through spatial evaluation of vulnerability due to lahar sediments and directives for infrastructure and settlement planning in volcanic areas. Using scoring and map overlay techniques for vulnerability analysis and planning directions. The findings highlight that villages along the river have a higher level of vulnerability and disaster risk and are not recommended to build and use land within a 100 meters radius of the river wall for various community activities. Another finding is the lack of strong indicators of disaster risk reduction capacity in Ngantang Sub-district. This phenomenon proves that there are still many challenges to realizing disaster risk reduction as mandated in Law No. 24 of 2007 and Regulation of the Head of BNPB No. 2 of 2012.
Urbanization rate in SUBOSUKAWONOSRATEN
Authors: Rita N , Ahmad  , Sarwono  , Sugiyanto  , Singgih P
Published: February 2022

Urbanization has changed landscape patterns and ecological functions, resulting in a decline in service ecosystem services and environmental problems, especially in areas experiencing rapid Urbanization. The increase in population will affect the development process and affect land needed to support daily activities, and affect the temperature that triggers the Urban Heat Island phenomenon. A better understanding of the relationship between Urbanization and ecosystem services is critical to future regional sustainability and relevant policy development. This study aims to assess the relationship between Urbanization and ecosystem services in the urban area of Solo Raya, consisting of 7 districts/cities, namely Surakarta, Boyolali, Sukoharjo, Wonogiri, Sragen, and Klaten. The research method used is spatial quantitative descriptive analysis to analyze the impact of Urbanization on ecosystem services in 2020 in an isolated Solo Raya urban area. Ecosystem services are calculated from food production and Urbanization rate measured from four aspects: population, population growth, population density, and land expansion. The results show that areas with a high urbanization rate are automatically viewed in terms of Ecosystem Services. The region will be in deficit or not a self-sufficiency area. In other words, it shows that there is a relationship between the level of urbanization and ecosystem services.
Use of drones to determine potential locations of reservoir to anticipate water crisis in Weninggalih Village, Jonggol District, Bogor Regency, West Java
Authors: Setiawan Cahyadi , Hardi Ode Sofyan , A’Rachman Fauzi Ramadhoan , Ariyanti Oktavia , Fattah Rio Maulana , Abidin Zainul , Baihaqy Mush’ab
Published: February 2022

Weninggalih village experiences drought that keeps recurring every year which has an impact on the people in the area. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential location for the construction of a reservoir to anticipate water crisis in Weninggalih Village, Jonggol Districts, Bogor Regency. The research method used is a survey method to determine the sampling location and quantitative methods are used for analysis. The field survey used a drones for aerial photo data recording. Sampling was determined purposively based on the Digital Elevation Model in three dimensions from the resulting aerial photos. Quantitative methods are used to determine the potential location of the reservoir. The results showed that there were 6.609 photos taken with the drone flying at a height of 150 meters above ground level with 80% overlap. Based on the results show that there are three potential locations of reservoirs. The first potential sites of reservoir is in the area of 423 m2. The second one potential sites of reservoirs 1.415 m2 and the last one potential site of reservoirs are in area three land area of 1.191 m2.
Ecosystem service measurement model for urban population clean water monitoring
Authors: Samadi S , Suhardjo S , Munandar A , Husen A
Published: February 2022

Clean Ecosystem service measurement model for urban population clean water monitoring Clean water as one of the ecosystem services and also a protected natural asset provides important information about the availability of natural resources for humans in response to the impacts of climate change and overall ecosystem health. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic which was exacerbated by the emergence of low-pressure areas for piped clean water services (PAM water) increasingly shows that if humans destroy biodiversity, it will have implications for other life support systems including clean water. This study identifies aspects of quantity, continuity, and quality (called 3K) of clean water from the piping system in the eastern part of DKI Jakarta, especially in areas with low pressure water supply. Through the Research and Development method, the aim of the study is to build a new model for measuring ecosystem services in monitoring clean water for residents in urban areas. Until the end of the first semester of 2020, the results of the study showed that it was true that there were areas with low pressure, but statistically it was not proven to significantly affect the emergence of complaints in terms of quantity, continuity, and quality of water supply to the population, so more in-depth parameters are needed. regarding the parameters of small water complaints (quantity), dead water (continuity), and piped clean water quality.
Development of innovative technologies of the fuel and energy industry: foreign experience
Authors: Shupletsov A F , Beregova G M , Yanjie Zhang
Published: February 2022

Foreign experience in the development of innovative technologies for the energy industry contributes to the reassessment of traditional modern energy production, transformation, transportation, distribution and consumption technologies in terms of information innovations, the global automation of control processes and the energy intellectualization. The role of technological processes is reduced and the role of control systems and information technologies is growing. A transition to smart energy and intelligent systems can be observed. The role of leading energy sources is changing with a shift from fossil fuels to renewable and new energy sources; energy efficiency is improving; increasing energy efficiency has become a sustainable and key element of energy development; a transition from the commodity market to the energy services and energy technology markets can be observed; a large sector of energy services for energy saving management and optimization has been created. It will be the basis for improving energy efficiency. To ensure the transition to an innovative path of development, it is necessary to re-equip the energy industry with advanced equipment, to implement resource-saving technologies, to raise the level of training and qualification of personnel, to create conditions for effective implementation of scientific and technical achievements, to implement higher standards of reliability and quality of electricity supply and new forms of management and financing.
Electromagnet with magnetic memory for controlling vacuum contactors for rated currents of 160, 250, 400 A
Authors: Yu Zaitsev N , Zaitsev Yu M , Ivanova S P , Maksimov V M , Petrov V N , Svintsov G P
Published: February 2022

The results of the development of a universal control circuit for a triggering polarized electromagnet for a low voltage vacuum contactor are presented. The circuit is implemented in the form of a printed wiring block and is unified with an element base with a control circuit for the KV2-160, KV2-250 vacuum contactors commercially produced by the domestic industry. The developed design of an electromagnetic drive with magnetic memory based on high-coercive permanent magnets is described. The working cycle of an electromagnet with a ferromagnetic shunt for the implementation of a manual return unit for the purpose of its use in emergency or necessary technological modes is considered. A block for manual return of contacts of a vacuum contactor using an eccentric transmission has been developed and implemented, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the effort of manual operation when returning the shunt to its original position for the operation of the contactor in normal mode. The classical graphical-analytical method for calculating magnetic circuits with permanent magnets has been modernized. The fundamentals of the modernized method for calculating magnetic circuits with permanent magnets are considered. The positive results of approbation of the developed calculation methods, which were implemented in the development of a vacuum contactor with magnetic memory and the function of manual return of the electromagnet armature and opening of the main contacts for the serial production of contactors, are noted.
Some results of an experimental study of the process of cooling down a model of a hybrid power system for high power transmission
Authors: Firsov V P , Antyukhov I V , Yakovlev A A , Golovanov D F
Published: February 2022

Experimental studies of the influence of cryogenic flow parameters (pressure, mass flow rate, etc.) on the processes of chilling of the model tracts and the current-carrying capacity of the HTSC cable in the model of the hybrid system have been carried out. The results of an experimental study of the processes of chilling of ducts, their cryostatting in a transport duct at subcritical and supercritical pressures are analyzed.
Application of induction heaters for pumping high-wax oil from the Kyrtaelskoye field
Authors: Nekuchaev V O , Mikheev D M
Published: February 2022

The article discusses modern views on the problem of pipeline waxing when transporting highly paraffinic oil from the Kyrtaelskoye field in the Komi Republic via the Kyrtael - Chikshino oil pipeline and possible ways to improve the rheological properties of the pumped oil. The paper presents the results of measuring the rheological characteristics of samples from one batch of oil as it flows through the pipeline, as well as the results of modeling the operation of the pipeline in the NIPAL 3.0 program for various pumping options. It has been established that, taking into account the complex rheological properties of oil pumped through the interfield oil pipeline PPSN “Kyrtael” - PSP “Chikshino”, the operation of the oil pipeline is possible at pumping volumes of at least 2300 tons / day due to an increase in the critical operating pressure in the oil pipeline. At the moment, a Flexoil depressant is injected into the oil stream to improve the rheological parameters. In connection with a gradual decrease in the volume of oil pumping, the speed of oil movement decreases and the temperature of the pumped oil decreases below the pour point. Even with the use of a pour point depressant, the pipeline will not be able to operate at the beginning of 2024 (according to the existing operation scheme). The analysis of the problem of pumping oil through an interfield oil pipeline performed in this work shows the need to achieve optimal parameters for pumping oil during the operation of the pipeline under consideration in order to ensure the safety of oil transportation from the Kyrtaelskoye field and further pumping into the system of Transneft-Sever JSC into the Usa-Ukhta main oil pipeline. The paper considers standard methods of oil heating with the help of line heaters, as well as the method of oil heating on the linear part of the interfield oil pipeline using induction flow heaters, which were first proposed when pumping oil through the oil pipeline PPSN “Kyrtael” - PPSP “Chikshino”.
Methods for pumping oil from burning tanks
Authors: Pelekh M T , Sarbaeva J D , Balabanov V A
Published: February 2022

The main reasons for the occurrence of oil outbursts from burning reservoirs are considered. To prevent the release of oil from a burning reservoir, they must be forced and intensively mixed using bottom sediment systems. Measures for pumping oil from burning reservoirs are proposed.
Improving energy efficiency at compressor stations using waste heat boilers at gas turbine plants
Authors: Tretyakova P A , Germanova T V , Tretyakova T V
Published: February 2022

Improving the energy efficiency of compressor stations is currently an urgent problem in the gas industry. Increasing the pressure of the transported gas by compression with the use of gas turbine units as a compressor drive is the most energy-intensive heat-and-power process. The article discusses modern methods of increasing the energy efficiency of compressor s tations with gas pumping units operating based on gas turbine plants by utilizing the heat of exhaust gases from gas turbine plants. A complex system is considered, which includes a gas pumping unit, a gas turbine unit, a waste heat boiler and an absorption refrigeration machine, which allows preheating the gas in front of the combustion chamber, cooling the air before compression and heating water for the compressor station’s own needs by utilizing the heat of flue gases after the waste heat boiler and utilizing low-potential heat of compressed gas air coolers.
Blockchain as a platform to digitally transform the electricity sector
Authors: Basova A V
Published: February 2022

The possibilities of using blockchain in the electric power sector are analyzed based on a study of key blockchain projects and startups initiated by the world’s leading electric power companies, defining the type of blockchain platform, as well as the goals and contribution of each project to improving energy efficiency. The key types of blockchain projects in the electric power industry have been identified. The authors came to the conclusion that in the Russian Federation, despite the large number of startups, including pilot blockchain projects, the demand for such developments is constrained by the insufficient development of the regulatory framework in the field of electricity and tariff regulation. Studying foreign experience of legislative regulation and practical application of blockchain in the electric power industry will make a significant breakthrough in achieving the goals set by the concept of “Digital Transformation 2030”
Prevention of proppant removal at the stage of well development after hydraulic fracturing using the wave method
Authors: Verisokin A E , Shlein G A , Shesterikova R E , Gunkina T A
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the solution to the problem of active proppant removal from a hydraulic fracture into the wellbore. To reduce the amount of proppant removed not only at the stages of well development, but also during its operation, it is proposed to compact the proppant pack in the created hydraulic fracture with elastic hydraulic waves, which can be generated using a hydraulic spool vibrator. Well treatment according to the technology described in the article makes it possible to attract additional formation fluid to the working agent during hydraulic vibration treatment in field conditions. The use of this technology when testing an exploration well in an oil field has shown high efficiency in terms of increasing its oil production rate.
Control of flow separation over a wing model with plasma synthetic jets
Authors: SU Zhi , SONG Guozheng , ZONG Haohua , LIANG Hua , LI Jun , XIE Like , LIU Xuecheng , KONG Weiliang
Published: February 2022

An array of 30 plasma synthetic jet actuators (PSJAs) is deployed using a modified multichannel discharge circuit to suppress the flow separation over a straight-wing model. The lift and drag of the wing model are measured by a force balance, and the velocity fields over the suction surface are captured by a particle imaging velocimetry system. Results show that the flow separation of the straight wing originates from the middle of the model and expands towards the wingtips as the angle of attack increases. The flow separation can be suppressed effectively by the PSJAs array. The best flow control effect is achieved at a dimensionless discharge frequency ofF+= 1, with the peak lift coefficient increased by 10.5% and the stall angle postponed by 2°. To further optimize the power consumption of the PSJAs, the influence of the density of PSJAs on the flow control effect is investigated. A threshold of the density exits (with the spanwise spacing of PSJAs being 0.2 times of the chord length in the current research), below which the flow control effect starts to deteriorate remarkably. In addition, for comparison purposes, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator is installed at the same location of the PSJAs. At the same power consumption, 4.9% increase of the peak lift coefficient is achieved by DBD, while that achieved by PSJAs reaches 5.6%.
Characteristics of water volatilization and oxides generation by using positive and negative corona
Authors: CHEN Ke , WAN Lianghao , CHEN Bingyan , CHU Tao , GENG Renyue , SONG Deyu , HE Xiang , SU Wei , YIN Cheng , SHAN Minglei , JIANG Yongfeng
Published: February 2022

The physical and chemical properties have significant differences for the positive and negative charged particles generated by discharge. In this work, a positive and negative corona discharge system was established, and two discharge reactors for charged particles restraining and acting were designed by a needle electrode covered with a quartz tube and a plate electrode filled with water. The corona discharges happened within the needle-plate electrodes were excited by a positive and negative high voltage source, and the characteristics of both water volatilization and oxides generation were examined within influence of the distances of both quartz tube inside and outside. The results show that the characteristics of both the water volatilization and oxides generation can be affected by the distances of both quartz tube inside and outside. When the distances of tube inside were increased from 5.00 to 13.00 mm, the water volatilizations decreased under negative corona, and increased firstly and declined immediately under positive corona. The maximum value of the water volatilization appeared in the distances of tube inside with 6.00–8.00 mm. In addition, the concentrations of the HNO
x
and H2O2 in treated water decreased with increasing the distances of tube inside. Moreover, with increasing the distances of tube outside from 4.00 to 14.00 mm, the change trends of both the water volatilizations and oxides presented the same as the distances of tube inside, and the maximum value of the water volatilization and oxides appeared in the distance of tube outside with about 9.00 mm. Overall, the positive corona can generate more water volatilizations and oxides in water than negative corona, and non H2O2 can be produced by negative corona. The results reflect the difference between positive and negative corona interaction with water, which can provide reference for plasma application.
Relationship of mode transitions and standing waves in helicon plasmas
Authors: WU Mingyang , XIAO Chijie , WANG Xiaogang , LIU Yue , XU Min , TAN Chang , XU Tianchao , YU Xiuming , HE Renchuan , XU Andong
Published: February 2022

Helicon wave plasma sources have the well-known advantages of high efficiency and high plasma density, with broad applications in many areas. The crucial mechanism lies with mode transitions, which has been an outstanding issue for years. We have built a fluid simulation model and further developed the Peking University Helicon Discharge code. The mode transitions, also known as density jumps, of a single-loop antenna discharge are reproduced in simulations for the first time. It is found that large-amplitude standing helicon waves (SHWs) are responsible for the mode transitions, similar to those of a resonant cavity for laser generation. This paper intends to give a complete and quantitative SHW resonance theory to explain the relationship of the mode transitions and the SHWs. The SHW resonance theory reasonably explains several key questions in helicon plasmas, such as mode transition and efficient power absorption, and helps to improve future plasma generation methods.
Designing a System of Contractual Liability: Jacques Cujas Inspired by Roman Law
Authors: Kordasiewicz Stanisław
Published: February 2022

Jacques Cujas is one of the most respected and esteemed jurists in Western legal tradition. According to prevailing views, he was primarily focused on the interpretation of Roman law. However, this perception does not take fully into account the diversity of his contributions. Preliminary results arising from this research article indicate that under the veil of the reconstruction of ancient Roman law, Cujas presented new ideas and challenged traditional ways of approaching risk and liability. His innovative interpretation of a crucial classical text about liability rules was not limited to historical explanations of Roman law, but instead was intended to find practical solutions. The result was the first coherent liability system based on an improved reading of the Digest. This pilot study focuses on the process of designing a system of contractual liability. The research is based on the analysis of Cujas’s creative interpretation of a cornerstone text about Roman liability rules. It shows how recourse to the humanist method led to a profound change in the interpretation of fundamental legal concepts. In his commentary on classical liability standards (D.50.17.23), Cujas added several contracts that were unknown to Roman law (eg the contract of divorce). Moreover, he held that a group of four legal relationships (mandate, managing of others’ affairs, loan for use, and guardianship) should include an extremely high standard of liability. The author also redefined remaining liability criteria and allocated them to particular contracts. Thus the study argues that one of the most respected members of the historical school of French legal humanism was at the same time an ingenious liability system designer. Further research will determine if and how consistently Cujas applied this system throughout his work.
Service Users’ Views and Experiences of Alcohol Relapse Prevention Treatment and Adherence: New Role for Pharmacists?
Authors: Dhital Ranjita , Coleman Rachel , Day Ed , Drummond Colin , Lingford-Hughes Anne , Marsden John , Phillips Tom , Sinclair Julia , Strang John , Weinman John , Whittlesea Cate , Widyaratna Kideshini , Donoghue Kim
Published: February 2022

Aims

To understand service users' views and experiences of alcohol relapse prevention medication, views of a telephone behavioural modification intervention delivered by pharmacists and the use of Contingency Management (CM) to support acamprosate adherence following assisted alcohol withdrawal.

Methods

Four focus groups were conducted within four alcohol treatment and recovery groups across England (UK), with service users with lived experience of alcohol dependence (26 participants). Semi-structured topic guide was used to explore participants' views and experiences of alcohol relapse prevention medication, a telephone behavioural modification medication intervention delivered by pharmacists, and the use of CM to support acamprosate adherence. These were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed inductively and deductively.

Results

Four themes were identified: concerns about support and availability of alcohol relapse prevention medication; lack of knowledge and understanding about acamprosate treatment; positive perceptions of acamprosate adherence telephone support from pharmacists; and negative perceptions of CM to support acamprosate adherence. There were misunderstandings about acamprosate's mode of action and strong negative beliefs about CM. However, most were positive about pharmacists' new role to support acamprosate adherence.

Conclusion

This study highlighted challenges service users face to commence alcohol relapse prevention medication. It appears service users could benefit from a pharmacist-led telephone intervention to improve understanding about acamprosate medication, particularly, if delivered in an engaging and motivating way.