bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women as Leaders in Healthcare; the Way Forward
Authors: Anjum Khadeeja , Shah Syed Imran Ali , Malik Aamenah
Published: January 2024

Women comprise almost 70% of health and social care workers globally and nearly 90% of the nursing and midwifery workforce. Yet, it is estimated that they hold only around 25% of leadership roles in health. Few women are promoted in academia, achieve research grants, and take up senior leadership posts.One of the reported reasons for this discrepancy are flawed and gender inequitable policies which render women at a disadvantage. In Pakistan, male counterparts occupied more than 80% of all leadership posts in health sector except in the academic basic sciences(1).
Although women have always wanted to partake in high-ranking positions in healthcare sector based on their merit, multiple obstacles have prevented them from these opportunities as compared to their male counterparts. Obstacles hindering women from advancing the career ladder have been likened to a ‘glass ceiling’. These barriers include absence of gender equitable governmental action, institutional hindrances, andorthodox assumptions of society regarding the female sex and female seniors sabotaging other women. Another factor acting as a handicap to women seeking leadership positions is the “motherhood penalty” which includes career breaks on account of pregnancy and work being affected by physical and emotional load due to domestic responsibilities.
Unveiling the Silent Suffering: Evaluating the Frequency of Workplace Verbal, Discriminatory, and Psychological Harassment among Female Healthcare Professionals in Punjab
Authors: Saeed Alishbah , Khurram Nosheen , Yaseen Sadia , Maryam Atika , Hotiana Usman Amin
Published: January 2024

Background:
Workplace harassment, including psychological, discriminatory, and bullying behaviors, specifically excluding sexual harassment is a pervasive issue globally, adversely affecting the mental and physical well-being of women in the workforce. However, there is a significant lack of scientific research on workplace harassment in Pakistan.
Objective:
To evaluate the frequency and types of workplace verbal, discriminatory and psychological harassment experienced by female healthcare professionals in Punjab
Methods:
Workplace Harassment scale (WHS) 24- items questionnaire was used for this study, duration of study was from January 2023 to March 2023, E- Questionnaire was circulated via email and a total of 444 participants took part in this study. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the demographic data and results were presented in frequency and percentage.
Results:
Among 444 participants, that 64.4 % of females (n=286) have faced verbal, discriminatory and psychological harassment at some point in their career.
Conclusion:
This study on Workplace verbal, discriminatory, and psychological harassment among female healthcare Professionals highlight the urgency of implementing interventions to discourage such behavior and cultivate a more respectful and supportive atmosphere for healthcare professionals. The study adds to the existing body of research on workplace harassment and emphasizes the significance of prioritizing the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals in a safe working place. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the various types of workplace harassment experienced by female healthcare professionals, highlighting the need for preventive measures and timely interventions to support the mental health of victims in healthcare.
Human adenovirus-associated health risk in the recreational waters of the Yal-ku lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean
Authors: Hernández-Zepeda Cecilia , Negrete-Alcalde Luis Jorge , Rosiles-González Gabriela , Carrillo-Jovel Victor Hugo , Abney Sarah E. , Betancourt Walter Q. , Gerba Charles P. , Chaidez-Quiroz Cristóbal , Wilson Amanda M.
Published: January 2024

The study objective was to evaluate human faecal contamination impacts in the Yal-ku lagoon in the Mexican Caribbean and to estimate adenovirus infection and illness risks associated with recreational exposure during water activities. A total of 20 water samples (10 from each site × two sites) (50 L) were collected monthly over a period of 12 months from two selected sampling sites in the swimming area of the Yal-ku lagoon. The occurrence of faecal-associated viruses was explored, and human adenovirus (HAdV) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) concentrations were quantified. A quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) model was used to estimate exposure and subsequent adenovirus infection and illness risk for 1 h of swimming or snorkelling. Somatic and F + -specific coliphages occurred in 100% of the samples. Both HAdV and PMMoV were detected at a 60% frequency thereby indicating persistent faecal inputs. PMMoV concentrations (44–370 GC/L) were relatively lower than the concentrations of HAdV (64–1,000 GC/L). Estimated mean adenovirus risks were greater for snorkelling than for swimming by roughly one to two orders of magnitude and estimated mean illness risks for snorkelling were >32/1,000. Human faecal contamination is frequent in the Yal-ku lagoon, which is associated with human gastrointestinal illness.
Interceptor sewer for abatement of pollution in surface water
Authors: Tyagi Radhey Shyam , Singh S. K. , Goyal P. K.
Published: January 2024

Unplanned population growth in urban cities has largely caused unplanned habitations called slums. Due to various complexities, service providers are unable to provide basic amenities, i.e., water, roads, sanitation, and sewerage in these slums. Water, being the basic need for human survival, is either managed by these residents by extracting groundwater or the minimum required water is provided by the government through water tankers or tube wells. In the absence of sewerage facilities, sewage is discharged directly into stormwater drains, rivers, ponds, lakes, etc. It contaminates the freshwater of these water bodies. The Yamuna River (22 km stretch) from the Wazirabad Barrage to the Okhla Barrage, and about 600 lakes in Delhi, India, are highly polluted. To avoid such severe events of contamination of water resources, it is necessary to develop a system to intercept wastewater at the source, transfer it to the nearest sewage treatment plant, and treat it to the required discharge standard, called the interceptor sewer. This case study is an outcome of a successful mega project of an interceptor sewer along three major drains (Najafgarh, Supplementary, and Shahadra) for the abatement of pollution in river Yamuna, Delhi.
Rainwater harvesting and its efficient utilization in mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) orchards under a dry sub-humid tropical climate
Authors: Panigrahi Pravukalyan
Published: January 2024

Water stress is a major factor affecting the productivity of citrus. Conservation and efficient use of rainfall–runoff may be an option for sustainable citriculture in water-scarce regions. A study, therefore, was conducted to evaluate the techno-economic feasibility of rainwater management strategies in citrus orchards of a water-scarce region of central India. The following three management strategies, namely (1) a continuous trench between plant rows (CTPR), (2) CTPR + rain water harvesting tank (RWHT)-based surface irrigation (IS), and (3) CTPR + RWHT-based solar-powered drip irrigation (ISD) were compared with rain-fed treatment (RFT) in citrus. Annually, CTPR + RWHT-based ISD conserved 4,556 m3 water ha−1, and resulted in higher fruit yield (219%), water productivity (85%), net profit (298%), net economic water productivity (130%), sustainable yield index (49%) and energy use efficiency (87%) compared with the RFT (fruit yield, 7.14 t ha−1; water productivity, 1.88 kg m−3; net profit, INR 59,704 ha−1; net economic water productivity, INR 15.75 m−3; sustainable yield index, 0.59; energy use efficiency,1.02 MJt−1) in citrus. The water balance of WHT indicated that 47% of harvested water could be utilized for irrigation in orchards. Overall, efficient rainwater management is suggested for citrus cultivation in water-scarce regions.
New Horizon beyond the Beginning and the End of Time: A Linguistic Examination of the Multilayered, Pluralistic, and Dialogic Features of the Dissemination of Eschatological Time Perspective in the Era of Return
Authors:   The Society of Theology and Thought, Joo Won Jun
Published: January 2024

This paper endeavors to elucidate the semiotic, morphological, and historical observations of some Hebrew vocabularies signifying the commencement and culmination of time and space, in the context of the era of return marked by the widespread dissemination of apocalyptic literature and eschatological worldview. The early period of the return, following the exile, stands as one of the most theologically fertile phases in ancient Israel’s history. During this time, the Hebrew language evolved to become more multilayered and diversified, coinciding with the spread of apocalyptic and eschatological thought.
Upon scrutinizing such terminology, it becomes evident that ancient Israel, within the purview of apocalyptic eschatology, embraced and assimilated foreign linguistic elements on the one hand, while reinterpreting and infusing distinctive expressions with signification on the other. Some terms like קץand אחרית, for example, signifying the end of time, and ראשית,ראש,קדם, representing the beginning of time, reveal the theological development during this era in multilayered ways. New terminology that crosses the the boundaries of time and space also emerged during the era of return. ‘Island’(אי) signifies Israel’s expansion of awareness beyond geographical limits. Additionally, the loanword סוף, imported Aramaic term, clearly denoted the end of eschatological time, while the Persian loanword פרדס did not yield such meaning. This multifaceted and diversified nature reveals that the documents of ancient Israel were shaped through continuous dialogue and interchange with external influences.
Eschatological Study on the Christological Characteristics of the Soul
Authors:   The Society of Theology and Thought, Cho Han Kyu
Published: January 2024

Human beings are not absolute beings that can enable themselves, but sort of accidental beings that airse from inevitable beings. Humans cannot find of themselves the reasons for their existence. The Bible teaches that humans are God’s creatures and ‘the image of God’ (Imago Dei) (cf. Gn 1:26-27). The first characteristics of human beings created in the image of God is that they are born with the spiritual and mental abilities which make them distinct and distinguished from the other creatures. Made of clay, humans are finite and limited, but as the breath (=spirit) of God is breathed into them, they can surpass themselves despite their limit. It is the teachings of the Bible as well as the Church that human beings are the union of the soul and the body, but the function and role of body and soul are not the same. Traditionally, the Catholic Church teaches that ‘the soul is the form of the body.’ Therefore, although humans are the whole unity of soul and body, the former is relatively regarded as more essential and unique.
In this paper topics related with the immortality of the soul will be dealt with. It will be examined if the soul is immortal, and if so, how that is possible. Especially, this issue will be approached in terms of the relationship with Jesus Christ, who takes the second hypostasis of the Trinity. In this paper, the claim that immortality of the soul is impossible will be examined along with the opposite assertion that it is possible. Next, if the immortality of the human soul is considered possible, discussed will be the intermediate stage which is assumed to exist after the death of an individual, as well as a purgatory, which can be said to be a form of the intermediate state. The most important starting point that will lead and comprise the related topics is Christology. Therefore, this paper will be focused on developing various topics related with eschatology from the perspective of Christology. It is the teachings of the Bible and the Catholic Church that Christology should be the starting point, main concept and conclusion of all the Christian theology and faith. Hence, topics of the immortality of the soul and eschatological subjects thereof will be examined through christological contemplation.
Application of Machine-learning based on Radiomics Features in Differential
Diagnosis of Superficial Lymphadenopathy
Authors: LYU Shuyi , Zhang Meiwu , Yang Lifen , Zhang Baisong , Gao Libo , Yang Liu , Zhang Yan
Published: January 2024

Objective::

The accurate diagnosis of superficial lymphadenopathy is challenging. We aim to explore a non-invasive and accurate machine-learning method
for distinguishing benign lymph nodes, lymphoma, and metastatic lymph nodes.

Methods::

The clinical data and ultrasound images of 160 patients with superficial lymphadenopathy (58 benign lymph nodes, 62 lymphoma, 40 metastatic
lymph nodes) admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to November 2022 were retrospectively studied. Patients were randomly divided into a
training set and test set according to the ratio of 6:4. Firstly, the radiomics features of each lymph node were extracted, and then a series of
statistical methods were used to avoid over-fitting. Then, the gradient boosting machine(GBM) was used to build the model. The area under
receiver(AUC) operating characteristic curve, precision, recall rate and F1 value were calculated to evaluate the effectiveness of the model.

Results::

Ten robust features were selected to build the model. The AUC values of benign lymph nodes, lymphoma and metastatic lymph nodes in the
training set were 1.00, 0.98 and 0.99, and the AUC values of the test set were 0.96, 0.84 and 0.90, respectively.

Conclusion::

It was a reliable and non-invasive method for the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy based on the model constructed by machine learning.
Phytochemical Studies of Alstonia scholaris, Chemical Transformation and
Biological Evaluation against a Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Ghansenyuy Salome , Kenneth Oben Eyong , Yemback Pierre , de Paul Nzuwah Nziko Vincent , Shaiq Ali Muhammad , Gabriel Ngosong. Folefoc , Samantha Davis , Jenna Tobin , Parker Haleigh , Joseph Taube
Published: January 2024

Background::

Some Alstonia species are used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such
as cancer, dysentery, diarrhea, jaundice, malaria, gastrointestinal troubles, and snake-bites.

Objective::

In this study, we aim to evaluate the ethanol leaf extract of Alstonia scholaris for anticancer
constituents and structural modification to introduce a privilege medicinal α,β-unsaturated
scaffold.

Methods::

The relative viability of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line exposed to isolated
compounds at different concentrations was assayed. Chemical analysis was carried out by high resolution
mass spectrometry and one and two-dimensional NMR techniques.

Results::

Structures of purified compounds were determined as betulin 1, α-amyrin acetate 2, mixture of
β-sitosterol 3 and stigmasterol 4, tetratriacontyl-trans-p-coumarate 5, ursolic acid 6, β-sitosterol glucoside
7, picralstonine 8 and scholaricine 9. To introduce privilege medicinal scaffold, compounds 1 and 2
under SeO2 oxidation condition afford new acrylaldehye derivatines. Compound 1 afforded Betulin
acrylaldehyde 10 while compound 2 afforded lupeolacetate acryl aldehyde 11 in an intriguing mechanism
with the conversion of ursane to lupane scafford. Compound 11 equally showed interesting activity
against MDA MB 231 breast cancer cell line with an IC50 of 4.63 ± 0.09 μg/ml.

Conclusion::

From these findings, the medicinal α,β-unsaturated scaffold could have pharmacological
effects in treating MDA-MB-231 breast cancer.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) on the Post-Pandemic ASEAN Economy
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Ayuni Nur Izzah
Published: January 2024

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) merupakan perjanjian perdagangan megaregional yang terdiri dari 10 negara ASEAN dan 5 negara non-ASEAN dan ditandatangani pada tanggal 20 November 2020. Tujuan dari perjanjian RCEP adalah untuk menjadi perjanjian yang modern, komprehensif, dan berkualitas tinggi. perjanjian ekonomi, membentuk FTA yang lebih besar. dan kemajuan melampaui ASEAN+1 FTA, dan dapat saling menguntungkan bagi ASEAN dan negara-negara Asia Timur. Melalui perjanjian RCEP diharapkan dapat menjadi motor penggerak bertahap untuk mengatasi perekonomian negara-negara ASEAN pada masa pasca pandemi melalui aturan atau regulasi yang telah ditetapkan bersama. Tulisan ini akan membahas efektivitas RCEP dalam perekonomian ASEAN pascapandemi. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini berasal dari studi literatur. Data yang diperoleh kemudian akan dikaitkan dengan teori efektivitas rezim internasional. RCEP berhasil menjadi seperangkat aturan yang resmi dan mengikat dan negara-negara |INTERAKTIF: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Vol.15 No.2202370anggota dalam perjanjian tersebut mengikuti aturan atau regulasi yang disepakati bersama. Hasil-hasil yang dikeluarkan RCEP tidak semuanya berdampak positif, namun terdapat kendala-kendala yang kemudian mempengaruhi dampak dan efektifitas perjanjian ini. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil perjanjian tersebut, salah satunya adalah keadaan perekonomian dalam negeri dan struktur industri masing-masing negara yang berbeda-beda yang kemudian setiap negara mempunyai keunggulan yang berbeda-beda di setiap negaranya.
Peran Self-Efficacy Terhadap Perilaku Kerja Inovatif Pada Karyawan Industri Manufaktur: Studi Kasus Pada PT Polytama Propindo
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Khairunnisa St Nabilah , Nurmala Sukma ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran efikasi diri terhadap perilaku kerja inovatif pada karyawan industri manufaktur PT Polytama Propindo. Responden pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 105 karyawan tetap PT Polytama Propindo yang telah bekerja minimal selama satu tahun dengan rentang usia 25-65 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan dua instrumen alat ukur yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam bahasa indonesia, yaitu skala General Self-Efficacy (GSE) untuk mengukur efikasi diri dan skala Individual Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) untuk mengukur perilaku kerja inovatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri memiliki peran signifikan terhadap perilaku kerja inovatif (R2 = 0,291, Sig.= 0,000). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri memberikan peran sebesar 29,1% terhadap perilaku kerja inovatif karyawan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat dalam menambah literatur terkait perilaku kerja inovatif pada karyawan dan menjadi acuan bagi perusahaan untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri karyawan
A Study on the Use of Vocabulary on Climate Change and Development of Climate Crisis Discourse
Authors:   Korean Language & Literature, Kang Hui-suk
Published: January 2024

If there is a problem that has emerged as a global disaster along with the COVID-19 pandemic, it is climate change. This is why the discourse of “climate crisis” has been actively conducted from various angles in recent years. Based on these facts, this study focused on analyzing the use of words related to climate change and how the ideological tendencies pursued by media companies correlate with climate issues, especially the “climate crisis” reports that have been increasingly used recently. The results of the study are summarized as follows.
First, based on data from BIGKinds, a news big data analysis service provided by the Korea Press Promotion Foundation, it was confirmed that relatively various language variations have been appearing in climate change-related terms over the past 30 years, such as “climate change,” “weather variation,” “abnormal climate,” “climate crisis,” “climate disaster,” and “extreme climate.” Second, in our society, the term “climate change” has been used more frequently since the 2000s instead of “weather change” over the climate issue, which is markedly different in nature from natural fluctuations in the past, and “climate change” has been the most frequently used to date.
Third, “climate change” showed a sudden upward curve in contrast to other years by showing 15,455 times in 2009 and 26,945 times in 2021. It was confirmed that there is a close correlation between the climate change cause discourse of “global warming” in 2009 and the climate change response discourse of “greenhouse gas reduction” and “carbon neutrality” in 2021.
Fourth, the second most frequent vocabulary after “climate change” is “climate crisis,” which has shown a total frequency of 33,827 over the past 30 years, and this phenomenon has appeared as a distinct trend, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Fifth, media reports that focus on highlighting the “climate crisis” issue have been confirmed to have a clear correlation with the ideological tendencies of media companies, and in newspaper editorials as well as general articles, liberal media companies are more actively approaching the “climate crisis” issue than conservative media companies.
Een langetermijnperspectief op adellijke migratie vanuit of naar Frankrijk
Authors: Soen Violet
Published: January 2024

Review of: Laurent Bourquin, Olivier Chaline, Michel Figeac en Martin Wrede (ed.), Noblesses en exil. Les migrations nobiliaires entre la France et l’Europe (XVe-XIXe siècle) (Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2021, 290 p.)
The various networks of the Catholic gentry in early modern England
Authors: Geraerts Jaap
Published: January 2024

Review of: Susan M. Cogan, Catholic social networks in early modern England. Kinship, gender and coexistence (Amsterdam: AUP, 2021, 296 pp., index)
Vroegmoderne Friese adel. Grondbezit, huwelijk, ondernemerschap
Authors: Kuiper Yme
Published: January 2024

Review of: Gilles de Langen en Hans Mol, Friese edelen, hun kapitaal en boerderijen in de vijftiende en zestiende eeuw. De casus Rienck Hemmema te Hitzum (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2022, 252 p.; ill.)
Computing expected moments of the Rényi parking problem on the circle
Authors: Hegland Markus , Burden Conrad J. , Stachurski Zbigniew
Published: January 2024

A highly accurate and efficient method to compute the expected values of the count, sum, and squared norm of the sum of the centre vectors of a random maximal sized collection of non-overlapping unit diameter disks touching a fixed unit-diameter disk is presented. This extends earlier work on Renyi's parking problem [Magyar Tud. Akad. Mat. Kutato Int. Kozl. 3 (1–2), 1958, pp. 109–127]. Underlying the method is a splitting of the the problem conditional on the value of the first disk. This splitting is proven and then used to derive integral equations for the expectations. These equations take a lower block triangular form. They are solved using substitution and approximation of the integrals to very high accuracy using a polynomial approximation within the blocks.
References

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The Association between Uric Acid Level and Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xu Yang , Wong Eng Hwa , Rusli Bin Nordin , Abdul Kareem Meera Mohaideen , Benjamin Samraj Prakash Earnest , Wong Yin How
Published: January 2024

Stroke is the second and third leading cause of death and disability, respectively, all over the world. It seriously affects patients' lives and brings huge burdens to their families. Ischemic stroke accounts for most of the stroke cases. In the absence of any effective treatment, prevention measures through controlling the risk factors for ischemic stroke become crucial. While uric acid has been reported as an essential risk factor for ischemic stroke, researchers hold inconsistent views regarding the specific association between uric acid and ischemic stroke. By summarizing the association between uric acid levels and ischemic stroke, this article can guide researchers to quickly and comprehensively understand the relationship between uric acid and ischemic stroke and develop further studies for its exploration.
Una mirada al legado de los 25 años de la revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria: una aproximación cienciométrica
Authors: Flórez-Martínez Diego Hernando
Published: January 2024

La publicación de artículos en revistas indexadas se ha consolidado como el principal canal de difusión e intercambio de conocimiento entre académicos y científicos, sin embargo, su función no solo es contribuir al acceso de resultados de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico y de innovación, sino también aportar al crecimiento y al desarrollo de áreas, líneas y tópicos de un núcleo de conocimiento. La revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria es una publicación cuatrimestral dirigida a los involucrados en el campo de las ciencias agropecuarias y que tiene un enfoque multi e interdisciplinar en el sector agropecuario, incluidos los componentes de los sistemas agroalimentarios. Esta investigación analizó la estructura del conocimiento difundido por la revista entre 1996 y 2021, a partir de la implementación de métodos y herramientas propias de bibliometría, cienciometría y vigilancia científica, y como resultado se identificaron los indicadores de contribución en la difusión de conocimiento especializado; las principales tendencias de investigación; el núcleo de conocimiento de la revista y su línea evolutiva, a través del análisis de 488 artículos recuperados de Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lens y Dimensions, por medio de los aplicativos VOSviewer y Bibliometrix. Finalmente, se presentó la huella cienciométrica lograda por la revista en sus 25 años de existencia, evidenciando su contribución a la difusión y el crecimiento de la agricultura y las ciencias biológicas, así como la necesidad de fortalecerlas en el marco actual de la ciencia abierta, la perspectiva de la publicación científica del sur global y el contexto de la evaluación de la ciencia.
A Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT)–Powered Chatbot as a Simulated Patient to Practice History Taking: Prospective, Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Holderried Friederike , Stegemann–Philipps Christian , Herschbach Lea , Moldt Julia-Astrid , Nevins Andrew , Griewatz Jan , Holderried Martin , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Mahling Moritz
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Communication is a core competency of medical professionals and of utmost importance for patient safety. Although medical curricula emphasize communication training, traditional formats, such as real or simulated patient interactions, can present psychological stress and are limited in repetition. The recent emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as generative pretrained transformer (GPT), offers an opportunity to overcome these restrictions

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of a GPT-driven chatbot to practice history taking, one of the core competencies of communication.

METHODS

We developed an interactive chatbot interface using GPT-3.5 and a specific prompt including a chatbot-optimized illness script and a behavioral component. Following a mixed methods approach, we invited medical students to voluntarily practice history taking. To determine whether GPT provides suitable answers as a simulated patient, the conversations were recorded and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. We analyzed the extent to which the questions and answers aligned with the provided script, as well as the medical plausibility of the answers. Finally, the students filled out the Chatbot Usability Questionnaire (CUQ).

RESULTS

A total of 28 students practiced with our chatbot (mean age 23.4, SD 2.9 years). We recorded a total of 826 question-answer pairs (QAPs), with a median of 27.5 QAPs per conversation and 94.7% (n=782) pertaining to history taking. When questions were explicitly covered by the script (n=502, 60.3%), the GPT-provided answers were mostly based on explicit script information (n=471, 94.4%). For questions not covered by the script (n=195, 23.4%), the GPT answers used 56.4% (n=110) fictitious information. Regarding plausibility, 842 (97.9%) of 860 QAPs were rated as plausible. Of the 14 (2.1%) implausible answers, GPT provided answers rated as socially desirable, leaving role identity, ignoring script information, illogical reasoning, and calculation error. Despite these results, the CUQ revealed an overall positive user experience (77/100 points).

CONCLUSIONS

Our data showed that LLMs, such as GPT, can provide a simulated patient experience and yield a good user experience and a majority of plausible answers. Our analysis revealed that GPT-provided answers use either explicit script information or are based on available information, which can be understood as abductive reasoning. Although rare, the GPT-based chatbot provides implausible information in some instances, with the major tendency being socially desirable instead of medically plausible information.
In vitro management of the early blight of tomato by various chemical Fungicides and plant products
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad Saqib , Rashid Ifrah
Published: January 2024

Pathogens reduce crop yield and quality, making their control necessary. In vitro studies examined the effects of botanicals (marigold, kikar, and ginger) and fungicides (Antracol, Captan, and Dithane M 45) against Alternaria solani. Botanicals (marigold, kikkar and ginger), fungicides (Antracol, Captan, and Dithane M 45), concentrations of botanicals (50%, 75% and 100%) and concentrations of fungicides (250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm) were the factors studied to effect the inhibition of A. solani. Mycelial growth diameter, inhibition, and spore germination were measured. Botanicals displayed considerable anti-fungal activity against A. solani, which increased with concentration. All tested botanicals and fungicides inhibited A. solani, reduced mycelial growth, and reduced spore germination. Ginger and Antracol have shown the strongest effects against A. solani at each concentration. Kikkar showed the minimum inhibition of A. solani. These botanicals can suppress pathogenic fungi as natural fungicides. Further research on botanicals should pinpoint the active compounds that cause this anti-fungal activity and test their anti-fungal activity on other fungi at different concentrations. These plant extracts may also control early blight disease in field experiments. Keywords: Fungal blight, Alternaria solani, chemical management, plant extracts.
Zn-priming of seed ameliorates biochemical and anatomical parameters of Cicer arietinum L. cultivars in drought condition
Authors: Kanwal Hina , Mahmood Ammara
Published: January 2024

Cicer arietinum an important legume crop is among the drought tolerant plants and cultivated for its rich nutritive value almost all over the world. The current research was led to assess the role of pre-sowing seed treatment with 0.05% ZnSO4 solution on the anatomical and biochemical characteristics of four varieties of Chickpea (i.e. CM 2008, FG 0902, DO 75-09 and Pb 2008) under three different maintained drought conditions. A pot experiment was performed in GCWUF. Seed priming with distilled water and 0.05% ZnSO4 solution was done. Overall, all cultivars exhibited high production of all biochemical nutrients and effective change in anatomical characters but CM 2008 and FG 0902 cultivars grown from ZnSO4 rimed seeds display tolerance under drought condition and gave higher values of various biochemical and anatomical parameters compared to plants grown from seeds primed with distilled water. However, Pb 2008 cultivar gave the minimum increase in values of biochemical and anatomical parameters among all cultivars under all field capacities. Keywords: Cicer arietinum, drought, stem anatomy, seed priming.
Growth of Information Technology – Ethical and Social issues: A Case Study
Authors: Cherakal Mohamed Shareef
Published: January 2024

Abstract: The present study is conducted among 283 studentsfrom Kerala to identify the harm and ethical and social issues in the field of information technology and to classify the immoral practices that students are doing in this field. First various important issues in the field of IT in the social and ethicalareas are discussed. Then the cases considered as the most commonly used immoral activities, are selected for evaluation, and the participants ranked these activities according to the method presented in the questionnaire. These activities are examined and analyzed descriptively by SPSS program, reliability of the questionnaire is measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, Bartlett Test of Sphericity and KMO index and the validity of the results is verified using T-test and the results are ranked based on the first performance that happens frequently and the last performance that happens rarely or never. Finally, a set of strategies are presented for preventing ethical abuse in the field of Information Technology so that the challenges are reduced.
The Influences of Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Social Support on Clinical Practicum Stress among Nursing Students with Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Juyeon , Hong Sehoon
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and social support on clinical practicum stress among nursing students with premenstrual syndrome.
Methods This descriptive correlational study was conducted among 101 nursing students. The participants an-swered self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression in IBM SPSS version 23.0.
Results The mean scores for exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals, social support, and clinical practicum stress were 2.24±0.36, 4.19±0.62, and 2.43±0.56, respectively. Clinical practicum stress positively correlated with exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and negatively correlated with social support The explanatory power of the model was 18%, and it was statistically significant (F=8.25, p<.001). Social support (β=-.32, p<.001) was the most powerful variable affecting clinical practicum stress, followed by grade (β=.27, p=.005) and ex-posure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (β=.20, p=.030).
Conclusions To reduce clinical practicum stress among nursing students with premenstrual syndrome, it is nec-essary to improve their social support and avoid exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. This study will pro-vide fundamental information on programming and a policy proposal related to clinical practicum stress for nursing students with premenstrual syndrome.
A Phenomenological Study on School Counselors’ Job Stress
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Cho Seongju , Kim Jaechul
Published: January 2024

Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the job-related stress experienced by school counselors and identify the factors contributing to this stress within educational settings.
Methods To achieve this goal, in-depth interviews were conducted either in person or over the phone with school counselors having a minimum of five years of experience. The experiential data obtained from 20 participants were analyzed using the Giorgi's phenomenological method by employing procedures such as ‘recognizing the entire content,’ ‘splitting semantic units,’ ‘converting into academic terms,’ and ‘integrating into structures.’
Results After analyzing and reviewing the interviews with expert council, eighty eight meaningful statements were identified and categorized. These statements were further classified into nine categories with twenty one sub-categories. The nine categories included ‘excessive workload’, ‘role ambiguity’, ‘unfair treatment’, ‘challenges in the working environment’, ‘the burden of crisis counseling’, ‘dealing with difficult clients’, ‘bias against school counseling’, ‘lack of counseling competency’, and ‘psychological exhaustion’. These nine categories could be con-solidated into three broader themes: work-related job stress, counseling-related job stress, and personal job stress specific to school counselors.
Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, we gained better understanding of the job stress faced by school counselors, which can be used as essential information for the development of training programs and inter-ventions aimed at preventing stress and equipping school counselors with effective coping strategies.
Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of Elementary School Teachers' Burnout Experiences
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Han Eunjung , Seo Jae Young
Published: January 2024

Objectives This study aims to comprehensively analyze the patterns, causes, and coping strategies of burnout experiences among elementary school teachers in order to understand the phenomenon of burnout and derive policy support measures.
Methods Qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted by extracting interview quotes and reflective journals from a total of 28 qualitative studies on burnout experiences of elementary school teachers conducted from 2010 to 2022. The 28 qualitative studies included both theses and journal articles, and among the papers used mixed re-search methods, those incorporating qualitative analysis data were included in the study.
Results The analysis revealed that the emotional changes such as anxiety, frustration, anger, and fatigue, physical changes such as headache, sleep disorders, and immune system weakening, and decrease in work engagement such as cynical or negative attitudes towards teaching were observed as burnout experiences and patterns. The causes of burnout were analyzed as workload and unfair work distribution, difficulties in counseling students as homeroom teachers, conflicts in human relationships such as with parents, colleagues, and school admin-istrators, and personal traits or circumstances such as perfectionism, heavy family responsibilities like childcare. Coping strategies for burnout included seeking psychological comfort through social support from colleagues or students, adopting a more passive attitude such as acceptance or resignation, and taking a more proactive ap-proach to changing problem situations through self-reflection, training, emotional expression practice, or trans-ferring to another school.
Conclusions The research results suggest that burnout is a problem of perception and negative emotions in re-sponse to problem situations. Therefore, it is necessary to provide social support, opportunities for reflection and learning, and training for emotional expression from the early stages of a teacher's career to enhance their ability to accept and cope with problem situations.
Psicología Positiva: ¿Mito genial o asalto a la razón?
Authors: Piña López Julio Alfonso , Laborín Álvarez Jesús Francisco
Published: January 2024

El libro “Psicología Positiva: ¿Mito genial o asalto a la razón?” aborda el debate sobre la validez y el estatus cientí-fico de la Psicología Positiva (PP), un tema que ha generado intensos debates en la comunidad psicológica. Este texto está compuesto por una serie de capítulos escritos por expertos de España y México, quienes examinan críticamente las premisas y las prácticas de la PP.

El primer capítulo, de Madrigal y Piña, argumenta que la “misión” de la PP ha fallado, partiendo de premisas fa-laces que llevan a conclusiones igualmente falaces. Si la PP no se sostiene como una ciencia por carecer de un objeto de conocimiento claro, de un método definido y de investigación básica, entonces es erróneo considerarla como tal.

Fernández-Ríos, en el segundo capítulo, sostiene que la PP no puede desligarse de un contexto sociocultural específico. Critica la tendencia de la PP a presentarse como una propuesta nomotética y universal, válida para todas las culturas, y aboga por una psicología más ideográfica y culturalmente sensible.

El tercer capítulo, de Fernández y Patrón, ofrece una doble crítica a la PP. Por un lado, cuestionan las afirmaciones de que la PP es históricamente necesaria, argumentando que más bien representa un paradigma reciclado y mal adaptado a los tiempos actuales. Por otro lado, señalan falacias argumentativas en el discurso y la práctica de la PP.

En el cuarto capítulo, Laborín y colaboradores examinan el desarrollo teórico y metodológico de la PP. Critican la confusión conceptual y terminológica en la PP, señalando errores en la caracterización de las propuestas aristo-télicas sobre virtudes y fortalezas humanas.

El libro concluye con una reflexión de Ribes, quien plantea la importancia de entender la psicología como una ciencia empírica dedicada a sistematizar propiedades comunes de fenómenos concretos y descubrir nuevas for-mas de relacionar estas propiedades. Ribes enfatiza que la psicología puede descubrir nuevos hechos científicos, pero no nuevos fenómenos.

En resumen, Psicología Positiva: ¿Mito genial o asalto a la razón? ofrece una evaluación crítica y multifacética de la Psicología Positiva, cuestionando tanto sus fundamentos teóricos como su aplicación práctica, y sugiriendo una revisión más amplia y contextualizada de los principios y prácticas de la psicología en general.
O Ensino Remoto e o aprofundamento das Desigualdades Raciais no Brasil
Authors: Alves Silva Suzi , Pereira da Silva Ivanderson
Published: January 2024

Neste ensaio, buscamos sustentar a tese de que a letalidade do patógeno que produziu a Pandemia da Covid-19 não se expressa somente em sua potência de morte contra os corpos materiais, mas também na violência subjetiva perpetrada contra grupos racializados, notadamente a forma e o conteúdo educacional que foi fornecido a esses grupos durante o período de isolamento social.  Essa tese se confirma sobretudo quando o tipo de educação que é destinado para pessoas racializadas é uma educação ainda mais precarizada do que a que historicamente tiveram acesso. Como resultados das análises tecidas, explicitamos que o Estado brasileiro, durante a Pandemia da Covid-19, implementou institucionalmente um “racismo de classe” e aprofundou as desigualdades educacionais entre pessoas racializadas e pessoas não racializadas. Embora este se constitua num abismo insuperável, dentro dos limites da estrutura capitalista, atenuações desse abismo da desigualdade são possíveis e, em caráter imediato, desejáveis. Com efeito, caso existam, é preciso que se reconheçam seus limites dentro dessa estrutura e que não nos conformemos com o menos pior quando poderíamos desfrutar do que há de melhor.
Foreign ownership as a corporate governance mechanism affecting the firm value.
Authors: Gürünlü Meltem
Published: January 2024

This study examines the effect of foreign ownership on firm value by affecting corporate policies as a corporate governance monitoring mechanism and contributes to the literature on the role of foreign shareholdings which are especially important for emerging markets in three stands: increased level of board independence which serves to eliminate the conflicts of interest among different stakeholders within a company, a dividend policy disciplining the management of free cash flows and an investment policy focusing on more research and development (innovation), enabling high growth opportunities and profitable investments.
Evaluating the applicability of situational leadership theory in small and medium-sized enterprises
Authors: Kapotwe Jeremiah M. , Bamata Nkombe Herman
Published: January 2024

The current research examines the applicability of situational leadership theory (SLT) in the context of small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) management, particularly in the road freight sector. The primary goal of this study is to empirically investigate and evaluate the use of various situational leadership styles in the management of SMEs. The current study’s sample was drawn from the population of registered road freight companies in Durban, South Africa. A sample was drawn from this population using convenient sampling techniques and methods. The findings of this study demonstrated the positive impact of SLT on SME management. In fact, SME owners and managers will be inspired to comprehend the managerial role of appropriateness behavioural styles in context-specific business situations. The study also recommended that SMEs’ owners and leaders improve their leader sovereignty and follower skills, as these frequently interact in predicting poor follower performance and attitudinal responses. Furthermore, the current study has provided SME owners and managers with the tools they need to guide the improvement and effectiveness of personal leadership
Corporate governance: The artificial intelligence’s challenge — A research project
Authors: Fradeani Andrea
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an epochal challenge. We illustrate a research project concerning a particular field of its application: its use and its impacts in the accounting and business administration field and, more specifically, on corporate governance (CG). The research we want to carry out consists of four phases. The first consists of the analysis of the literature, in order to better understand AI per se, to have a concise overview of its use in the business administration field and then to deepen the main results of the work on its application in CG. The second phase will try to systematize, from a theoretical point of view, the main possible uses of AI in the field of CG and, with reference to each of them, will try to outline its potential and the most significant risks. The third phase will try to test this systematization in the field, through a sample of Italian listed companies, so as to understand whether, where and how practice corresponds to theory. Finally, the phase of conclusions, after summarizing the results obtained, will attempt to offer some reflections on the possibilities of AI to improve CG: a topic of absolute importance, both for the development of research and for operators and regulators who, in various capacities and with different tasks, are involved in this area.
Tokenization in corporate governance: Transforming ownership and transparency
Authors: Agostini Martino
Published: January 2024

The intersection of corporate governance and tokenization is a rapidly evolving field that presents gaps in our understanding. While previous research has primarily focused on the technical and legal aspects of tokenizing shares, it has often overlooked the practical and managerial implications for corporate governance. This knowledge gap is especially concerning given the increasing global adoption of tokens, which directly affects governance structures. Еhis exploration not only provides an avenue for scholars to delve into this innovative field but also triggers new dynamics among stakeholders.