bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cervical muscle afferents play a dominant role over vestibular afferents during bilateral vibration of neck muscles
Authors: Magnusson M. , Andersson G. , Gomez S. , Johansson R. , Mårtensson A. , Karlberg M. , Fransson P.A.
Published: September 2021

A previous study showed that vibratory stimulation of neck muscles in humans induced short-latency electromyographic (EMG) activation of lower leg muscles, producing postural reactions at the feet. These findings indicated that cervical proprioception contributes to stabilization of stance through rapidly integrated pathways. However, as vibration may excite both proprioceptive and vestibular afferents, and because of the proximity of neck muscles to the vestibular apparatus, neck muscle vibration could also have activated the vestibular system thereby contributing to the effect observed. To investigate any possible contribution of vestibular stimulation, vibratory stimuli were applied bilaterally and separately to the splenius muscles of the neck and the planum mastoideum overlying the vestibular organs. Ten normal subjects, with eyes closed, were exposed to vibratory stimulation of two different amplitudes and frequencies. Responses were assessed by EMG activity recorded from tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles of both legs and by changes in center of pressure as measured by a force platform.

Results indicated that vibration induced reproducible EMG and postural responses in the anteroposterior direction, particularly on cessation of vibration. EMG and postural responses were considerably lower and less consistent with mastoid vibration compared with neck muscles vibration. Previous reports suggest that vibratory stimulation could propagate to the vestibular organs and generate a vestibular-induced postural activation. However, our findings indicate that cervical muscles afferents play a dominant role over vestibular afferents when vibration is directed towards the neck muscles.
Asymmetric gene expression in the brain during acute compensation to unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in the Mongolian gerbil
Authors: Shinder Michael E. , Ramanathan Murugappan , Kaufman Galen D.
Published: September 2021

Commercial microarrays were used to identify transcriptome expression within vestibular related brain regions (vestibular brainstem and cerebellum, and caudotemporal cortical regions) during the acute period of recovery following unilateral surgical vestibular labyrinth ablation in the gerbil. As a representative model of vestibular compensation, vestibular lesions in the gerbil produced activation in a common set of genes related to vestibular compensation. The total RNA was prepared and amplified using Affymetrix Gene Chip™ probes from the Rat U34 Neurobiology and R230, and Mouse M430 gene sets, resulting in GCRMA summarized data from S+AA software. Matched rat and mouse genes from gerbil hybridization produced good interspecies synteny. Multiple gene target trends supported global increases in neuron excitability throughout the vestibular brainstem and cerebellum. We focused further on gene expression with anatomically asymmetric activation relative to the lesion, indicative of involvement in rebalancing central vestibular tone during the vestibular compensation process. Cluster analysis revealed distinct spatial (regional and ipsi-contra) and temporal patterns. The asymmetric genes were part of well-defined neuron-related networks and included multiple members of the glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter systems. Transcripts for D3 dopamine, glycine, and some GABA receptor signals increased quickly in the ipsilesional vestibular complex and then increased gradually in the contralateral region, restoring the expression symmetry. Alternatively, the NMDA binding subunit decreased gradually over the acute compensation period in the contralateral vestibular complex. There was evidence for numerous associations between signaling systems with PKC as one possible mediator between early changes in GABA and progressive changes in NMDA signaling. These data begin to define the compensatory response at the level of molecular cascades.
The five times sit to stand test: Responsiveness to change and concurrent validity in adults undergoing vestibular rehabilitation
Authors: Meretta Bridget M. , Whitney Susan L. , Marchetti Gregory F. , Sparto Patrick J. , Muirhead Robb J.
Published: September 2021

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with balance and vestibular disorders would demonstrate clinically meaningful improvement in the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) score as a result of vestibular rehabilitation and to determine the concurrent validity of the FTSST. Design: Retrospective chart review of 351 people who underwent individualized outpatient vestibular rehabilitation programs. Setting: Outpatient tertiary balance and vestibular clinic.

Subjects:

One hundred and seventeen patients (45 men, 72 women), mean age 62.7 years, with peripheral, central or mixed vestibular dysfunction.

Main outcome measures:

FTSST, gait speed, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC).

Results:

The mean change in FTSST score was 2.7 seconds. Subjects demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the FTSST, gait speed, ABC, DHI, DGI and TUG after vestibular rehabilitation (p < 0.01). The responsiveness-treatment coefficient (RT) was calculated as 0.58 for the FTSST indicating moderate responsiveness. Logistic regression showed that an improvement in the FTSST of greater than 2.3 seconds resulted in an odds ratio of 4.67 for demonstrating clinical improvement in DHI, compared with a change less than 2.3 seconds. The univariate linear regression model for baseline FTSST predicting FTSST change was significant (p < 0.01) and predicted 49% of the change variance. The FTSST scores demonstrated a moderate correlation with gait speed and the TUG (p< 0.01). FTSST improvement subsequent to vestibular rehabilitation was moderately correlated with improvements in the DGI and the TUG scores (p< 0.01).

Conclusions:

The FTSST was moderately responsive to change over time and was moderately related to measures of gait and dynamic balance.
A "wait and learn" strategy of postural control learning in children?
Authors: Tjernström Fredrik , Oredsson Jennie , Magnusson Måns
Published: September 2021

This study compares the children and adult response to a novel postural challenge. One group of children (n=13, age 7–9) and one adult reference group (n=12 age 15–32) were subjected to vibration induced body sway and posturography with both open and closed eyes for 5 consecutive days. There was a gradual decrease of induced body sway over time in both groups (p< 0.001) between the subsequent trials, but only in the adult group was there a reduction of induced body sway over time within each trial (p< 0.05). The children had on a considerably less level of induced body sway when they started the second trial than they finished the first (p< 0.01). There appears to be a different approach of adaptation to a new postural challenge between children and adults.
Effects of fluvoxamine on anxiety, depression, and subjective handicaps of chronic dizziness patients with or without neuro-otologic diseases
Authors: Horii Arata , Uno Atsuhiko , Kitahara Tadashi , Mitani Kenji , Masumura Chisako , Kizawa Kaoru , Kubo Takeshi
Published: September 2021

A prospective, open-label clinical trial was conducted for two aims: first, to evaluate the role of fluvoxamine, one of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, in the treatment of dizziness for the first time and to investigate its effective mechanisms. Second, to test the hypothesis that dizziness in patients without abnormal neuro-otologic findings would be induced by psychiatric disorders rather than by unnoticed neuro-otologic diseases. Nineteen patients with neuro-otologic diseases (Group I) and 22 patients in whom standard vestibular tests revealed no abnormal findings (Group II) were treated by fluvoxamine (200 mg/day) for eight weeks. Subjective handicaps due to dizziness using a questionnaire, anxiety and depressive symptoms measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and stress hormones (vasopressin and cortisol) were examined before and 8 weeks after treatment. Overall, fluvoxamine decreased subjective handicaps of both Groups I and II. Fluvoxamine decreased HADS of only patients whose subjective handicaps were reduced (=responders) in both groups, suggesting that fluvoxamine was effective for dizziness via psychiatric action rather than a recovery of vestibular function through serotonergic activation. In non-responders of Group II, pre-treatment HADS was higher than in Group I non-responders and it was not decreased by the treatment, suggesting that dizziness of Group II non-responders was due to severe psychiatric disorders rather than unnoticed neuro-otologic diseases. Anxiety and depression components of HADS showed a good correlation at both pre- and post-treatment periods. No post-therapeutic decrease was observed in either vasopressin or cortisol even in responders, suggesting that dizziness was not the sole cause of stress in chronic dizziness patients. In conclusion, patients with or without physical neuro-otologic deficits who report chronic dizziness accompanied by anxiety and depression (as measured by HADS) showed improvements across a full range of subjective handicaps and psychological distress, while patients with physical neuro-otologic defects and minimal anxiety or depression did not benefit. The main causes of dizziness in patients without physical neuro-otologic findings were psychiatric disorders.
Preserved Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMP) in some patients with walking-induced oscillopsia due to bilateral vestibulopathy
Authors: Brantberg Krister , Löfqvist Lennart
Published: September 2021

Bilateral vestibulopathy, i.e. decreased peripheral vestibular function affecting both ears, is characterized by unsteadiness of gait, particularly in darkness and by motion-induced oscillopsia. We have recently seen a few patients with severely impaired semicircular canal function albeit with rather normal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) suggesting normal saccular function. The five young patients, mean age 27 years (range 15–45), 4 males and 1 female, had severely impaired balance in darkness and they all reported walking-induced vertical oscillopsia. Hence, these patients with incomplete vestibular lesions had symptoms that were indistinguishable from the typical patient with bilateral vestibulopathy. Further, the findings in these patients suggest that saccular function probably contributes little to prevent walking-induced vertical oscillopsia.
Presbyvertigo-aging of otoconia and vestibular sensory cells
Authors: Walther L.E. , Westhofen M.
Published: September 2021

Imbalance is a common clinical problem in elderly persons. Subsequently falls and fractures may occur. Age-related balance problems constitute an underestimated but prominent public health problem and a socioeconomic burden. At the histological level the peripheral vestibular system in animals and humans exhibits a variety of age-related changes. The number of otoconia in the utricule and the saccule is reduced with increasing age. Degenerated otoconia caused by aging showed distinct changes of the shape. Moreover age-related decreasing hair cell counts, lipofuscin inclusions and deformation of cilia are observed in human vestibular sensory and supporting cells. Results of vestibular function testing of age-related balance disorders still remain controversially. Regular balance training and vestibular rehabilitation results in less more falls and imbalance.
Short-term rehabilitation of patients with posttraumatic otolith disorders by auditory feedback training: A pilot study
Authors: Ernst Arne , Singbartl Fabian , Basta Dietmar , Seidl Rainer O. , Todt Ingo , Eisenschenk Andreas
Published: September 2021

In a prospective, non-randomized pilot study, two groups of patients with dizziness for more than one year due to posttraumatic otolith disorders had been investigated. They were treated by a one-day vestibular rehabilitation training with/without auditory feedback. It could be shown that auditory feedback training for a limited period of time can reduce significantly trunk sway compared to those patients who did vestibular exercises alone without auditory feedback. This audiofeedback-based therapy seems to be a promising tool in the vestibular rehabilitation and in treating patients with otolith disorders in particular. Long-term effects cannot yet be assessed with the present data of our series.
Threshold-based vestibular adaptation to cross-coupled canal stimulation
Authors: Cheung Carol C. , Hecht Heiko , Jarchow Thomas , Young Laurence R.
Published: September 2021

Prior experiments have demonstrated that people are able to adapt to cross-coupled accelerations associated with head movements while spinning at high rotation rates (e.g., 23 rpm or 138°/s). However, while adapting, subjects commonly experience serious side effects, such as motion sickness, non-compensatory eye movements, and strong and potentially disorienting illusory body tilt or tumbling sensations. In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of adaptation using a threshold-based method, which ensured that the illusory tilt sensations remained imperceptible or just barely noticeable. This was achieved by incrementally increasing the angular velocity of the horizontal centrifuge while supine subjects made repeated consistent yaw head turns. Incremental adaptation phases started at centrifugation speeds of 3 rpm. Centrifuge speed was slowly increased in steps of 1.5 rpm until a light illusory tilt was experienced. At the end of the incremental procedure, subjects were able to make head turns while rotating 14 rpm without experiencing illusory tilt. Moreover, motion sickness symptoms could be avoided and a limited carry over of the adaptive state to stronger stimulation at 23 rpm was found. The results are compared to prior studies which adapted subjects to super-threshold stimuli.
Balance training and visual rehabilitation of age-related macular degeneration patients
Authors: Radvay Xavier , Duhoux Stéphanie , Koenig-Supiot Françoise , Vital-Durand François
Published: September 2021

Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) experience a large scotoma precluding central vision. In addition, 2/3 of these patients present visuomotor and balance deficits resulting in clumsiness and increased risk of falls. On the basis of previous work demonstrating that visual, vestibular and somatosensory functions involved in balance control can be rehabilitated by training, we attempted to improve these functions by balance training. We measured the impact of balance training on several visuomotor functions and reading speed. We compared balance status of 54 AMD patients to 55 normal controls. Sixteen of these patients and 14 controls subsequently received balance training sessions on a postural platform (Multitest®) stressing sensorimotor coordination by selectively inhibiting or disturbing either, visual, vestibular or somatosensory input. Producing a conflict between two inputs reinforces the use of the third. We assessed postural sway, pointing accuracy, reading performance and, for the patients, the effect of low vision training and balance training on the shift from several spontaneous Preferred Retinal Loci (PRLs) to one or more Trained Retinal Loci (TRL). Even after a limited number of sessions of cross-modal balance training, the results show a significant improvement for the vestibular input and fixation stability. A decrease of visual dependency was observed only in the control group. Apart from these improvements, pointing accuracy and reading speed were not significantly improved compared to controls, leading to the conclusion that more training sessions may be necessary to gain more significant improvement of visuo-motor functions.
Static and dynamic vestibulo-cervico-ocular responses after prolonged exposure to microgravity
Authors: Kornilova L.N. , Sagalovitch S.V. , Temnikova V.V. , Yakushev A.G.
Published: September 2021

The vestibular function was investigated in 13 Russian crew members of the ISS missions on days 1(2), 4(5), and 8(9) after prolonged exposure to microgravity (126 to 195 days). The static torsional otolith-cervico-ocular reflex was studied, as well as the dynamic vestibulo-cervico-ocular responses, vestibular reactivity, and spontaneous oculomotor activity using videooculography (VOG) and electrooculography (EOG) for simultaneous recording of eye movements. On days 1–2 of return to the gravity (R+1−2), the cosmonauts were found to increase the spontaneous oculomotor activity (floating eye movements, both typical and atypical forms of spontaneous nystagmus, square wave jerks, gaze nystagmus) with the head held in the vertical position. The otolith function during static head inclinations to the right or left shoulder at 30° was suppressed as determined by the inversion or absence, or reduction by half of the amplitude of torsional compensatory eye counter-rolling and the vestibular reactivity during head yaw movements at 0.125 Hz was increased as revealed by a lowered threshold and an increased intensity of vestibular nystagmus. The pattern, depth, dynamics, and velocity of the vestibular function recovery varied with individual participants in the investigation. However, the suppressed otolith functioning in the period of readaptation to the normal gravity was, as a rule, accompanied by an exaggerated vestibular reactivity.
Use of a visual guide to improve the quality of VOR responses evoked by high-velocity rotational stimuli
Authors: Gianna-Poulin Claire C. , Peterka Robert J.
Published: September 2021

High-velocity rotational stimuli have the potential to improve the diagnostic capabilities of clinical rotation testing by revealing nonlinear vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses that are indicative of asymmetric vestibular function. However, eye movements evoked by high-velocity rotations often are inconsistent over time and therefore do not yield reliable diagnostic measures. This study investigated whether use of a novel "visual guide" could improve the consistency and quality of VORs obtained during testing with pulse-step-sine (PSS) stimuli providing periodic high-velocity, horizontal-plane rotations with peak velocities up to 290 deg/s. The visual guide (narrow phosphorescent line spanning 180° field of view) was mounted horizontally on the rotation chair at the subject's eye level. Eight healthy human subjects were tested either in complete darkness while performing an alerting task, or while viewing the visual guide in an otherwise dark room. We found that the visual guide improved the quality of VOR responses as shown by an increased proportion of slow-phase velocity data segments retained for analysis, by a decreased variance of the processed eye velocity data, and by a reduction of outlying VOR response measures. We also found that the visual guide did not induce visual suppression because VOR gain measures were not diminished.
The role of vestibular and somatosensory systems in intersegmental control of upright stance
Authors: Creath Rob , Kiemel Tim , Horak Fay , Jeka John J.
Published: September 2021

Upright stance was perturbed using sinusoidal platform rotations to see how vestibular and somatosensory information are used to control segment and intersegmental dynamics in subjects with bilateral vestibular loss (BVL) and healthy controls (C). Subjects stood with eyes closed on a rotating platform (±1.2° for frequencies ranging from 0.01–0.4 Hz in the presence and absence of light fingertip touch. Trunk movement relative to the platform of BVLs was higher than Cs at higher platform frequencies whereas leg movement relative to the platform was similar for both groups. With the addition of light touch, both groups showed similar trunk and leg segment movement relative to the platform. Trunk-leg coordination was in-phase for frequencies below 1 Hz and anti-phase above 1 Hz. Interestingly, BVLs showed evidence of a "legs-leading-trunk" relationship in the shift from in-phase to anti-phase around 1 Hz. Controls showed no preference for either segment to lead the coordinative shift from in- to anti-phase. The results suggest that the balance instability of BVL subjects stems from high variability of the trunk, rather than the legs. The high trunk variability may emerge from the "legs-leading" intersegmental relationship upon which BVLs rely. Because BVLs derive information about self-orientation primarily from the support surface when their eyes are closed, the legs initiate the shift to anti-phase trunk-leg coordination that is necessary for stable upright stance control. Higher trunk variability suggests that this strategy results in lower overall postural stability. Light touch substitutes for vestibular information, leading to lower trunk variability along with a trunk-leg phase shift similar to controls, without a preference for either segment to lead the shift. The results suggest that vestibulospinal control acts primarily to stabilize the trunk in space and to facilitate intersegmental dynamics.
Aquatic physiotherapy for vestibular rehabilitation in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction: Exploratory prospective study
Authors: Gabilan Yeda P.L. , Perracini Mônica R. , Munhoz Mario S.L. , Gananç Fernando F.
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To explore the effects of aquatic physiotherapy on individuals with unilateral vestibular hypofunction and examine the association of therapeutic effects with age, time since symptom onset and use of antivertigo medication. Study design: Exploratory study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Twenty-one patients presenting chronic dizziness with uncompensated unilateral vestibular loss. Intervention: All patients underwent a regimen of 10 sessions of aquatic physiotherapy for vestibular rehabilitation. Main outcome measures: Patient evaluation prior to and following rehabilitation involved the application of the Brazilian version of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), dynamic computerized posturography and the self-perception scale of dizziness intensity. Statistical analysis compared average variables prior to and following rehabilitation using the Student t test. Results: Brazilian DHI total scores were lower following rehabilitation (p = 0.001). Posturography revealed a reduction in the variation of body displacement following rehabilitation in the average stability and anterior/posterior stability indexes (p = 0.001) and in the average medial/lateral stability index (p = 0.003). Self-perception of dizziness intensity was lower following rehabilitation (p = 0.001). No association between age, time since symptom onset and use of antivertigo medication and rehabilitation therapeutic effects were found. Conclusion: Unilateral vestibular hypofunction patients undergoing aquatic physiotherapy for vestibular rehabilitation achieved an improvement in quality of life, body balance and self-perception of dizziness intensity, regardless of age, time since symptom onset, and use of antivertigo medication.
Whole-motion model of perception during forward- and backward-facing centrifuge runs
Authors: Holly Jan E. , Vrublevskis Arturs , Carlson Lindsay E.
Published: September 2021

Illusory perceptions of motion and orientation arise during human centrifuge runs without vision. Asymmetries have been found between acceleration and deceleration, and between forward-facing and backward-facing runs. Perceived roll tilt has been studied extensively during upright fixed-carriage centrifuge runs, and other components have been studied to a lesser extent. Certain, but not all, perceptual asymmetries in acceleration-vs-deceleration and forward-vs-backward motion can be explained by existing analyses. The immediate acceleration-deceleration roll-tilt asymmetry can be explained by the three-dimensional physics of the external stimulus; in addition, longer-term data has been modeled in a standard way using physiological time constants. However, the standard modeling approach is shown in the present research to predict forward-vs-backward-facing symmetry in perceived roll tilt, contradicting experimental data, and to predict perceived sideways motion, rather than forward or backward motion, around a curve. The present work develops a different whole-motion-based model taking into account the three-dimensional form of perceived motion and orientation. This model predicts perceived forward or backward motion around a curve, and predicts additional asymmetries such as the forward-backward difference in roll tilt. This model is based upon many of the same principles as the standard model, but includes an additional concept of familiarity of motions as a whole.
The orthostatic dysregulation of blood pressure in dizzy patients
Authors: Aoki Mitsuhiro , Sakaida Yuzuru , Hayashi Hisamitsu , Yamada Nansei , Mizuta Keisuke , Ito Yatsuji
Published: September 2021

Objectives: A number of animal studies have confirmed that the otolith organs may contribute to the maintenance of blood pressure during positional change; however, the contribution of such organs remains to be elucidated in humans. Methods: This study investigated whether acute dizzy patients (n = 11) with an abnormal deviation of the subjective visual vertical (SVV) show an abnormality in the orthostatic regulation of blood pressure in comparison to acute dizzy patients with a normal deviation of the SVV (n = 11) and control subjects (n = 11). Results: The average change in the systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 1 minute after active standing in comparison to that at baseline in dizzy patients with an abnormal deviation of the SVV was −6.8 ± 3.0 mmHg. The change was significantly lower than that in the control subjects (2.1 ± 2.6 mmHg, p < 0.05), while the change in dizzy patients with a normal deviation of the SVV (2.6 ± 2.2 mmHg) was not significantly different from that in the control subjects (p > 0.05). Active standing significantly increased the heart rate (HR) in all participants (p < 0.01) and there was no significant difference in the change of the HR among the 3 groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that dizzy patients in the acute phase of recovery from vestibular dysfunction have an orthostatic dysregulation of the blood pressure, thus resulting in such patients suffering from orthostatic intolerance.
Methodological basis for the conversion of transport diesel engines of transport diesel engines to gas-diesel operation
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”,, Varlamov G.B. , Glazyrin S.A. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Barabash P.A. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”,, Petrenko V.G. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”,, Bimurzina Z.A. ,   Astana-Energy JSC
Published: September 2021

The expediency of the search, development and use of alternative environmentally friendly motor fuels is scientifically substantiated, the main of which is the use of gas fuel, which is much more efficient than diesel fuel in terms of overall environmental safety. The relevance of the research carried out and the developments proposed in this article will make it possible to realize the fundamental complex advantages of the ecological and operational nature of the use of the gas-diesel cycle of the ICE operation. This is in line with the Paris Protocol on a climate to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to keep the global average temperature rising. The paper describes the main features and methods of converting diesel engines to their compressed natural gas power supply. The advantages and disadvantages of all methods of implementing the gas-diesel cycle on existing diesel installations of low and high power are analyzed in detail. The main operations and changes in operating parameters for each method of implementing the gas-diesel cycle on operating diesel engines are also described. The use of a mixed quantitative and qualitative control of the supply of compressed gas and diesel fuel for various loads of a diesel engine operating on a gas-diesel cycle has been scientifically substantiated. The systematization is carried out and the comparative characteristics of liquid and gas motor fuels, which can be used for the implementation of the gas-diesel cycle in diesel engines, are presented in tabular form, general conclusions are described.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA AUDIO â€œSMART ENGLSIH TODAYâ€ UNTUK SISWA SMP DI DAERAH PINGGIRAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Suparti Suparti -
Published: September 2021

Pembelajaran bahasa Inggris di sekolah cenderung mengabaikan pengajaran listening (menyimak) dibandingkan keterampilan berbahasa lainnya. Padahal keterampilan ini sangat diperlukan sebagai kunci penguasaan keterampilan berbahasa lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alternatif media audio pembelajaran bahasa Inggris untuk keterampilan menyimak yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan belajar. Masalah yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini terkait dengan rendahnya kemampuan menyimak yang dikuasai siswa dan keterbatasan bahan belajar bahasa Inggris untuk pembelajaran listening yang sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitan ini adalah pendekatan model ADDIE yang meliputi lima tahapan yaitu analisis, desain, produksi, implemensi, dan evaluasi. Setelah melalui tahap analisis kebutuhan dan analisis kurikulum, desain model ditentukan dan diberi nama Smart English Today (SET). Tahap berikutnya yaitu penyusunan rancangan media yang diikuti dengan proses produksi yang meliputi penyusunan GBIM JM, penulisan naskah dan bahan penyerta, serta produksi program. Hasil pengembangan produksi selanjutnya diimplementasikan pada siswa SMPN 5 Ngawen, Gunungkidul. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa SET layak dipergunakan sebagai bahan belajar bahasa Inggris untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menyimak. Namun, dalam pengembangannya hendaknya perlu diperhatikan dari sisi pengemasan program, durasi, dan tingkat kesulitan materi.English learning at school tends to ignore listening skill teaching, compared to other language skills. In fact, listening skill is highly necessary as key factors to other language skill mastery. The objective of this research is to develop an audio media alternative of English learning for lsitening skill that can be utilized learning material. The problems of this research are related with studentsâ€™ low listening skill and limited English learning material for listening skill being in line with 2013 curriculum. The approach of this research is ADDIE model approach, consisting of five steps, i.e. analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating. After passing through need and curriculum analysis, model design is determined and named Smart English Today (SET). The next step is development comprising of GBIM JM writing, script and companion book writing, and program production. The SET product is, then, implemented to students of SMPN 5 Ngawen, Gunung Kidul. The evaluation result shows that SET is feasible to be utilized as English learning material to enhance studentsâ€™ listening skill. However, in developing this model, we should consider program packaging, duration, and difficulty levels of the materials.
Tantangan dan Peluang Produk-produk Profesi Pengembang Teknologi Pembelajaran Di Era Digital
Authors: Warsita Bambang
Published: September 2021

Abstrak: Profesi Pengembang Teknologi Pembelajaran (PTP) memiliki peran strategis dalam pembelajaran era digital sekarang. Permasalahannya adalah 1) apa produk-produk yang harus di hasilkan profesi PTP di era digital? dan 2) bagaimana pemanfaatan dan penerapan produk PTP dalam pembelajaran di era digital? Tujuan kajian ini untuk mendiskripsikan berbagai produk-produk yang harus dihasilkan profesi pengembang teknologi pembelajaran, dan pemanfaatan atau penerapan produk tersebut dalam kegiatan pembelajaran di era digital sekarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan (library research) yaitu menggunakan berbagai literatur dari hasil kajian dan penelitian mengenai produk-produk PTP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profesi PTP telah menghasilakan produk-produk berupa; 1) model pembelajaran inovatif berbasis TIK, 2) konten pembelajaran dengan berbagai jenis media, dan 3) aplikasi e-pembelajaran. Kesimpulannya produk-produk profesi PTP ini ditunggu dan dibutuhkan dalam menunjang terselenggaranya proses pembelajaran era digital di berbagai jenis, jenjang dan jalur pendidikan di Indonesia. Sarannya profesi PTP harus selalu meningkatkan kompetensi teknis, dan kreatif inovatif untuk menghasilkan produknya sesuai dengan tuntutan era digital sekarang.
A decade of science support in the sagebrush biome
Authors:   Natural Resources Conservation Service
Published: September 2021

Working Lands for Wildlife (WLFW) invests in science to proactively target conservation investments and quantify outcomes. This report summarizes more than a decade of WLFW science’s current understanding of identified sagebrush biome threats on western working rangelands and how best to address them through voluntary conservation actions. More than 350 plant and animal species are benefitting from this conservation, notably sage grouse, sagebrush songbirds, and migratory big game populations. 61 peer-reviewed publications are referenced in the report that are helping guide targeted conservation of the sage brush biome, conserve core areas, along with scientifically quantifying outcomes.
2030 agenda and its considerations in the framework of artisanal fishing cooperatives in Mexico
Authors: Magadán-Revelo L. D. , Escalona-Maurice M. J. , Aguilar-Ibarra A. , Hernández- Juárez M.
Published: September 2021

Objective: To analyze the objectives proposed by the UN, linking them in a theoretical and practical way with the real condition of artisanal fishing cooperatives in Mexico, contrasting the theoretical scope of the 2030 Agenda vs. the real praxis of the communities of artisanal fishermen.
Design / Methodology / Approach: Through the application of a Participatory Rapid Appraisal Workshop (PRAW) points of the Agenda 2030 were discussed with three artisanal fishing communities in Mexico. The participants learned in a theoretical way the objectives presented by the UN; selected those that in their opinion are important and punctual parts of their fishing activity; and then analyzed these objectives comparing them with their practical daily reality.
Results: Conclusions and clarifications were obtained from the social subjects in which it was recognized as a general argument that for the Mexican artisanal fishing cooperatives framework the objectives of the 2030 Agenda are possible as long as the action strategy promotes a cooperative culture with community values and social bonds; respect for their environment and way of life; as well as the sustainability of the ocean as their means of work.
Limitations / Implications of the study: the main implication noticed was the enormous importance that exists towards delivering theoretical considerations from international organizations and decision makers, to the social base who operates these proposals. These spaces create discussions that allow the theoretical analysis of practical needs which is mandatory in the social sciences.
Findings / Conclusions: The neoliberal globalized economic system is the main disagreement for the 2030 Agenda. The 2030 Agenda encourages developed countries to support under-developed countries with knowledge, technology and investments to achieve sustainability. However, the Agenda does not recognize local knowledge, use forms and customs in those developing countries, as effective operational alternatives.
BACTERIAL DIVERSITY WITH PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING POTENTIAL ISOLATED FROM Agave americana RHIZOSPHERE
Authors: RINCON-MOLINA CLARA IVETTE , RINCON-MOLINA FRANCISCO ALEXANDER , ZENTENO-ROJAS ADALBERTO , RUIZ-VALDIVIEZO VICTOR MANUEL , CULEBRO-RICALDI JOSE MIGUEL , RINCON ROSALES REINER
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective: Study the diversity of cultivable rhizospheric bacteria associated to Agave americana, and select native strains with potential as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB).

Design/methodology/approach: The isolated bacteria were phenotypically characterized. The genetic diversity and identity of the strains were revealed by genomic fingerprints and by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Plant growth promoting ability and plant inoculation assays were evaluated to know the potential as PGPB.

Results: A total of 235 strains were isolated from A. americana rhizosphere and were classified within of 10 different bacterial genera. Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter had high potential as PGPB.

Study limitations/implications Cultivable approach was used to study rhizobacteria. A metagenomic study could expand the knowledge about the structure and diversity of bacterial community associated to A. americana.

Findings/conclusions Rhizosphere bacteria have potential use as biofertilizer for the cultivation and propagation of A. americana and other agave species.
No Association Between the 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism and Diurnal Preference in Koreans
Authors: Kim Sae Han , Yeom Ji Won , Jeong Seunghwa , Seo Ju Yeon , Jeon Sehyun , Lee Heon-Jeong
Published: September 2021

Objective: Recent studies have extended the study of diurnal preferences to the genetic level. Most studies have focused on clock genes, but some studies have searched for the possibilities of other genes associated with the circadian rhythm. Considering that the circadian rhythm is associated with the serotonergic system, investigating the association between major genes of the serotonin system and the diurnal preference phenotype is essential. In this study, we evaluated whether the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is associated with diurnal preference in a Korean population.Methods: In total, 509 healthy subjects were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism. The Korean version of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) was used to measure the phenotype patterns of diurnal preference. In addition, scores of three subscales—morningness, activity planning, and morning alertness—were extracted from the CSM.Results: No significant associations were observed between CSM scores and the 5-HTTLPR genotype or allele carrier status.Conclusion: The results of this study suggests that 5-HTTLPR has no effect on diurnal preference in a healthy Korean population. Further studies with a large number of subjects from multiple ethnicities are necessary to fully evaluate the association between 5-HTTLPR and diurnal preference.
Antiasthma Activities of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves Extract on the Eosinophil Count and Mast Cells in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Palupi Dian Arsanti , Prasetyowati Tri Wahyuni , Murtiningsih Dwi , Mahdiyah Dede
Published: September 2021

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract. This study aimed to prove Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves extract's effect on reducing the eosinophil count and mast cells in asthmatic mice. Twenty BALB/c mice that met the inclusion criteria were divided into four groups of standard control (K1), negative control (K2), dexamethasone (K3), and M. oleifera leaves extract (K4). On days 0 and 7, intraperitoneal ovalbumin (OVA) was sensitized. On days 14, 16, and 18, mice were re-sensitized by inhalation using 1% OVA in sterile 0.9% NaCl. On days 18 to 25, K1 and K2 groups were given Na-CMC, the K3 group was given dexamethasone 1.3 µg/day, and the K4 group was given M. oleifera leaves extract 3.9 mg/day. On the 25th day, the mice were terminated to analyze the eosinophil count and stable bronchiolar mast cells. In conclusion, M. oleifera leaves extract was proven to decrease the eosinophil count with a p-value <0.05 and could stabilize bronchiolar mast cells with a p-value <0.05.
Knowledge and Attitude of Antibiotic Use among Public in Rural Area of Cempaka, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan
Authors: Mardiati Nurul , Fitriah Rahmayanti , Artati Nadia Wahyu , Tiarawati Wika , Zaini Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The high intensity of antibiotics relatively uses causes various problems for health, especially bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Lack of public knowledge about the rationale of antibiotics is a factor that can trigger bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This study aims to assess the public's knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use in rural areas Cempaka, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey method in which closed-ended questionnaires were distributed to 380 rural residents in the village of Cempaka proportional stratified random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate with the Chi-Square statistical test method. In conclusion, the rural residents demonstrated moderate knowledge (83.2%) and a positive attitude towards antibiotic use (97.4%). There is no significant association between both knowledge level and of antibiotics on the attitude towards antibiotic use.
Effectiveness of Oxalis corniculata L. Ethanol Extract against Mono-Species of Biofilm Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hamzah Hasyrul , Siregar Khalish Arsy Al Khairy , Nurwijayanto Ari , Wahyuningrum Retno , Sari Seftika
Published: September 2021

Inappropriate administration of antibiotics can cause resistance to bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the strong biofilm-forming bacteria that cause antibiotic resistance. Calincing (Oxalis corniculata L.) leaves have excellent antibacterial activity, but their antibiofilm activity against S. aureus has not been reported until now. Currently, the discovery of new antibiofilm against S. aureus biofilms is significant to prevent the impact of infections caused by biofilms. This study was intended to determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of O. corniculata leaves in inhibiting and eradicating S. aureus biofilm formation. Planktonic testing, inhibition, and biofilm eradication activity were carried out using the microtiter broth method. Antibiofilm activity of O. corniculata leaves against S. aureus biofilm was analyzed by calculating the minimum concentration of biofilm inhibitor (MBIC50) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) with a 95% confidence level. Oxalis corniculata leaves showed inhibitory activity on the formation of the tested S. aureus biofilm. The ethanol extract of 1% O. corniculata leaves gave 76.23±0.01% antibacterial activity of S. aureus and 71.32±0.01% of mid-phase antibiofilm activity, and 69.33±0.01% maturation phase. The results also prove that the ethanolic extract of O. corniculata leaves can eradicate S. aureus biofilm formation. Therefore, the ethanol extract of O. corniculata leaves can be developed as a new antibiofilm against S. aureus.
Comparison of Surface Roughness When Turning and Milling
Authors: Mgherony Abdulwahab , Mikó Balázs , Farkas Gabriella
Published: September 2021

The quality of a machined surface can be described by macro and micro parameters, like the size error, the form and position error or the surface roughness. The task of machining process planning is to find the best machining method and parameters, which ensure the required quality. In this article, the surface roughness in the case of turning and milling technologies is analysed. The effect of the cutting parameters (feed at turning and depth of cut at milling) and the tool parameter (corner radius) are investigated. The results are compared with the theoretical geometric model of surface roughness. In longitudinal turning as well as in constant Z-level milling, the geometric model of surface roughness is similar. The article presents whether the real surface roughness is similar too.
Strategie Dimension of Innovation
Authors: Romanowska Maria
Published: September 2021

The article presents the conceptualisation of one of the aspects of the strategie dimension of innovation: the choice of the method (strategy) of innovation activities carried out by enterprises. Two types of strategic decisions are discussed: the strategy of developing innovation and the decision of an already innovative enterprise choosing the way of further development of innovation activities. Original proposals of strategy models are presented against the background of innovation strategy models described in literature, and the method of their identification is illustrated using case studies of five Polish innovation enterprises.
What Determines Entrepreneurial Orientation of Polish Internationalized Firms?
Authors: Wach Krzysztof
Published: September 2021

This article focuses on entrepreneurial orientation during the internationalisation process of the firm, which is one of the main research streams within international entrepreneurship.The main goal of the article is to discuss and elaborate on the basics of international entrepreneurial orientation, its fundamentals and principles and to answer the question what determines entrepreneurial orientation of Polish internationalized firms. The paper presents the results of the survey based on stratified random sampling of 355 Polish internationalized firms. Applying t statistics, the following results were observed. Firms having foreign branches or subsidies abroad are more entrepreneurial. Firms based on the local business domain are more entrepreneurial. High-tech firms are more entrepreneurial. High-growth firms are more entrepreneurial than firms which note traditional growth dynamics. Hyper-growth firms are more entrepreneurial than other firms, also than highgrowth companies. Innovative firms are more entrepreneurial. Strategically-orientated firms are more entrepreneurial. Firms cooperating in any networks are more entrepreneurial.
Key Resources in Game Developers’ Business Models
Authors: Klimas Patrycja
Published: September 2021

This paper presents the results of the research on key resources exploited under business models of video game developers. The main attention is paid to the identification and hierarchizing of key resources, as well as their specific types. It should be noticed that the reported study takes into account diversification of video game developers in terms of monetization models exploited, i.e. premium, freemium, or hybrid, which seems to be novel.In general, the findings locate people together with their tacit, experience-based knowledge at the top of the key resources hierarchy. Nevertheless, the results show that there are differences in perception and exploitation of the key resources among the considered types of game developers. Interestingly, only those with the premium monetization model point at tacit organizational knowledge as a specific type of key resources exploited under their business model. Moreover, the identified relational resources – although not considered in the business model canvas approach – are acknowledged only by developers using the hybrid monetization model. Last but not least, physical resources are seen as non-key ones by all the considered types of game developers.