bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disjunct distribution of Hesperotettix speciosus (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from the Black Belt Prairie of Alabama, United States
Authors: Grice Shelby , Hill JoVonn
Published: September 2024

Inventories of the flora and insect fauna of the Black Belt Prairie of Mississippi and Alabama have documented disjunct populations of species broadly distributed in the Great Plains, including two grasshopper species. During a recent survey of a large privately-owned prairie remnant in Sumter Co., Alabama, we documented a disjunct population of a third grasshopper species — Hesperotettix speciosus, extending the known distribution of this species significantly eastwards. The discovery of this population is surprising due to the number of previous survey efforts of the Black Belt, Alabama and Mississippi overall and exemplifies the importance of conservation on private lands.
Quantifying and analyzing food losses and wastes in Morocco’s wheat processing industry: A novel methodological approach towards sustainable production
Authors: Zoubi Abdallah , Taha Abdelhakim , Mayad El Hassan , Hallouti Ayoub , Boulli Abdelali , Abbas Younes
Published: September 2024

The global imperative to combat food losses and wastes (FLW) is an essential component of achieving sustainable food systems, as emphasized by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 12). This study presents a novel methodological approach for quantifying and analyzing FLW within Morocco’s wheat processing industry, addressing a critical gap in both national and international research. By developing an integrative definitional framework, we identify and analyze seven primary drivers of FLW using the innovative 7M Model. Our findings reveal that management inefficiencies are the predominant cause of FLW, accounting for an 81% correlation with waste generation. Specifically, Pastry and Bakery Industries (PBI) experience a substantial FLW rate of 23.37% due to management and methodological factors, in stark contrast to the 10.64% observed in Milling Industries (MI), where material and measurement factors are more influential. This research not only challenges previous conceptions that food waste is predominantly a post-processing issue but also emphasizes the significant role of managerial practices in waste reduction. The outcomes of this study underscore the necessity of tailored, industry-specific interventions to reduce FLW and contribute to the broader objectives of sustainable production and consumption.
Design of an eDNA sampling method for detection of an endophagous forest pest
Authors: Kyle Kathleen E. , Allen Michael C. , Siegert Nathan W. , Grabosky Jason , Lockwood Julie L.
Published: September 2024

Invasive wood-boring insects are a major economic and ecological concern worldwide as they impact native woody plant populations. These pest species are increasing in prevalence, with devastating impact, as global trade leads to higher rates of introduction and establishment. The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis; EAB) is one such species, which has caused widespread damage across much of the United States and is now spreading across Europe. Non-indigenous woodborers such as EAB are difficult to detect at early stages of invasion, which is when management and eradication efforts are most effective and cost efficient. Environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys have demonstrated power in detecting invasive species when rare in the landscape due to their ability to detect trace amounts of DNA and identify to species. Here, we trialled a novel eDNA method for collecting environmental samples within host trees where invasive pest larvae are feeding, using EAB as a case study. We extracted tree cores approximately 1 cm in length using an increment hammer to assess detectability of eDNA from larvae feeding under the bark. In trees visibly infested with EAB, we observed a seasonal peak in EAB DNA detection probability (~ 64%; towards the end of the growing season), indicating a potential impact of ash tree phenology or EAB phenology on detection. When we trialled the method in a site with ash trees of low or uncertain EAB abundance, we did not record positive EAB eDNA detections. This outcome may have resulted from differing EAB phenology at the northern latitude of this survey site or because larval galleries were less numerous causing EAB DNA to be scarcer within the tree. Our results, however, provide preliminary evidence that increment hammer tree cores can be used to detect eDNA of EAB and, perhaps, other wood-boring pests. Further work is needed to clarify false negative survey detections at ash trees showing little to no signs or symptoms of infestation, as well as investigating the deposition, transport and persistence dynamics of EAB eDNA within trees.
On the obstacle problem in fractional generalised Orlicz spaces
Authors: Lo Catharine W. K. , Rodrigues José Francisco
Published: September 2024

We consider the one and the two obstacles problems for the nonlocal nonlinear anisotropic $ g $-Laplacian $ \mathcal{L}_g^s $, with $ 0 < s < 1 $. We prove the strict T-monotonicity of $ \mathcal{L}_g^s $ and we obtain the Lewy-Stampacchia inequalities $ F\leq\mathcal{L}_g^su\leq F\vee\mathcal{L}_g^s\psi $ and $ F\wedge\mathcal{L}_g^s\varphi\leq \mathcal{L}_g^su\leq F\vee\mathcal{L}_g^s\psi $, respectively, for the one obstacle solution $ u\geq\psi $ and for the two obstacles solution $ \psi\leq u\leq\varphi $, with given data $ F $. We consider the approximation of the solutions through semilinear problems, for which we prove a global $ L^\infty $-estimate, and we extend the local Hölder regularity to the solutions of the obstacle problems in the case of the fractional $ p(x, y) $-Laplacian operator. We make further remarks on a few elementary properties of related capacities in the fractional generalised Orlicz framework, with a special reference to the Hilbertian nonlinear case in fractional Sobolev spaces.
Značaj i potreba za programima stručne podrške roditeljstvu u suvremenom društvu
Authors: Majdak Marijana , Kozjak Valentina , Dolovčak Ivana
Published: September 2024

Parenting represents the most beautiful but at the same time the most demanding role in the life of one parent. Modern parenting is very different from a few years ago due to numerous changes – in the work market, in the composition of families, in the relationship between men and women, by the appreciation of parental authority, and also by the relationship between parents and children. Given the complexity of the roles that modern parents have to coordinate, as well as the complexity of problems in the behavior of children and young people today, parents often need the help of professionals in parenting, which is still insufficiently widespread and known in our country. The aim of the paper is to describe and highlight the importance of professional education programs for parenting, the reasons for the inclusion of parents in parenting support programs, the characteristics of participants involved in the programs, and their expectations of the program itself, using the systematic review method of previous research on this topic. Although the necessity of professional assistance and support for parents is regulated by numerous laws and regulations, in Croatian practice we must nevertheless emphasize insufficient awareness of the need and benefits of professional support programs for parenting. Therefore, this paper aims to encourage the scientific, professional and general public to reflect and act at societal level on the importance and benefits of such programs, and to reduce the stigmatization of parents who are included in these programs, which is still present in our society. Key words: parenting, parenting support, inclusion in parenting support programs.
Gender Role Attitudes and Striving for Achievement as Antecedents of Work-family Conflict in Employed Spouses in Croatia
Authors: Šimunić Ana
Published: September 2024

The aim of this research was to examine attitudes about gender roles in marriage (GRA) and striving for achievement (SFA) as antecedents within a model of work-family conflict on a sample of employed spouses in Croatia. Job (assessments of psychological requirements and social support at work) and family characteristics (quality of family functioning and social support in the family) were examined as mediators of the relationship between SFA and GRA with work-to-family (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC), along with studying the model invariance regarding spouse gender. The study was conducted on a total of 358 employed spouses in Croatia who have at least one child in the household, using the research method of self-assessments. The results show support for complete mediation of higher levels of favourable work and family assessments in the relationship of more egalitarian GRA and lower SFA of spouses with lower levels of WFC and FWC. Organizations should be aware of and support the differences in the strivings and attitudes of their employees as well as the diversity of their life roles. Key words: work-family conflic
Nejednakosti inflacije u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Tkalec Marina
Published: September 2024

Consumer price inflation is traditionally measured by a single number – the official rate calculated and published by national statistical agencies. This approach is characterized by simplicity and practicality, but it ignores the fact that not all households face the same price increase, that is, the fact that the inflation rate, like many other economic variables, has a distribution. Also, due to the way it is calculated, the official inflation rate is biased since it is more similar to the inflation rate relevant to richer households than to that relevant to poorer households. In this paper, we study inflation in Croatia in the period 2001 – 2021 through a distributional prism. Based on micro-data from the Household Consumption Survey, we calculate inflation rates for several types of households, different in terms of income or other characteristics. The results show that there are significant inflation inequalities. For example, for the period 2001 – 2021, the inflation rate for the poorest 10 percent of households is almost 11 percentage points higher than that for the richest 10 percent. Consequently, the official inflation rate, by construction biased towards the rich, is lower than the so-called “democratic” rate, which is by construction impartial. Key words: inflation, inequalities, price indices.
Izazovi u skrbi za djecu s poremećajima iz spektra autizma
Authors: Čusak Stela , Vrdoljak Marijo , Leutar Zdravka
Published: September 2024

With the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in the general population, the number of parents of children with ASD is also on the rise. Parents face numerous challenges in providing care for their children while trying to meet their needs. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the perspective of parents of children with autism regarding the challenges they encounter. Qualitative research was conducted with a sample of 8 participants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Research results show that parents encounter difficulties related to the child’s undesirable behaviors: in adjusting to new parenting demands, coping with parental stress, advocating for the child’s rights, dealing with the inadequacies of the educational system, and adapting to changes in family life dynamics. Parents receive support from professionals and informal support from close individuals, but they also emphasize the lack of support. Participants’ recommendations for improvement in parenting children with autism spectrum disorders focus on parental engagement, enhancement of rights and social services, timely intervention, as well as interventions in the educational system. Analysis of the results and literature indicates that the challenges of parenting children with ASD are specific compared to other children with developmental disabilities, and certainly parenting in general. This research is the starting point for further research that will deal with comprehensive social support and the needs of family members who have a member with ASD. Key words: parenting, children with autism spectrum disorder, formal and informal support.
Against Discovery
Authors: Lass Sarah Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

This essay investigates how settler subjectivity shapes modes of attention in post-Judson Western contemporary dance, specifically through this dancing culture’s embrace and value of “discovery” as an attentional framework and aim of dancing. Engaging Mark Rifkin’s Settler Common Sense along with existing research into the nature and operation of attention in Western contemporary dance, the writing highlights the ways in which “discovery” is mobilized through assumptions of porousness, availability, and worldmaking in the space of encounter between a dancer moving in this lineage and their surrounds, thereby enacting and extending everyday, commonplace settler modes of feeling and perception that dynamize ongoing indigenous dispossession. The essay concludes with a summary of a “coordination” practice, initiated and refined in the context of an advanced contemporary dance technique course at Smith College in the spring of 2023. Through analysis of two constituent “coordination” scores and informed by conversations with dance students in the course, the writing explores how “coordination” as an attentional framework supports movers’ awareness of both implication and distinction within their surrounds, and honors and upholds both mover and surrounds as always already underway and in the midst.
From Sevilla to Brussels: a Description of the Decision-Making Process from the Researcher's Bodily Experience While Navigating Risks in the Field
Authors: Hernandez Ana Gabriela
Published: September 2024

I am a Colombian bellydancer, psychologist, and activist specialized in peacebuilding. This essay constitutes an analysis of my fieldwork journey while pursuing a master's degree in dance anthropology in Europe. During my first fieldwork in Sevilla, Spain, I faced a risky situation that made me leave my first research destination to start a new project in Brussels, Belgium. In this essay, I describe in detail the circumstances in both locations and reflect on how my bodily experience and my cultural and academic background informed the decisions I made during fieldwork, helping me to develop an ethical methodology and setting a research project that guaranteed the three ethical minimums of dignity, autonomy, and freedom (Rodríguez, A. L., 2010) in the field.
Martin (2019, p.5) explains how ethnographic research is a constantly improvised exercise similar to the one experienced in dance improvisation: “Like improvisation in dance, improvisation in an ethnographic encounter often means that there is a structure, task or idea motivating actions, it is not entirely random, but within the frame created there are many possibilities about how events might unfold.” Thus, the researcher’s bodily experience informs the decision-making process in the field; at the same time, it is determined by a frame that motivates the actions taken.
In this case, the frame was determined by the ethnographic situation I was immersed in and the education I received regarding how to conduct ethnographic research. According to Hanson and Richard (2017), there are three “fixations” of contemporary ethnography; these are solitude, danger, and intimacy; Since I feel related to the fixations exposed, I begin by drawing attention to my body to claim my humanity and understand how my bodily experience influenced me to take ethical decisions for myself despite the ethnographic framework I was immersed in.
Finally, I propose that improving the ethics within the field of anthropology requires high awareness and acknowledgment of the researcher’s humanity and vulnerability. This acknowledgment must be encouraged in the academic debate and included as part of academic writing. Thus, we can continue to construct safer and more ethical ethnographic research projects in the future.
Drilled Choreographies: Interventions on Preparing for the Active Shooter
Authors: Woods Shannon
Published: September 2024

In the United States, safety preparation in the form of active shooter trainings are quotidian practices performed in nearly all K-12 public school systems. This paper works to understand how active shooter trainings in the U.S. advance a history of policing and surveillance through choreographic methods. This study combines movement scores and performance analysis derived from practice-based research to understand how safety preparation’s choreographies battle the potential for risk by compromising dance as a practice of freedom. In order to address this denial of liberty, this paper argues that active shooter drills must be discussed through a feminist and abolitionist lens to interrupt the police state’s choreography with a reparative ethics of care.
Community Care in Palestine: When Grief and Politics Meet in the Body
Authors: Wren Annie
Published: September 2024

This intimate reflection of time spent in the West Bank, Palestine, during the summer months of 2023 reiterates the intrinsically personal nature of ethnographic research. As a tangent from my main research focus, this piece explores a turbulent 24 hours whereby a family member died at home in the UK and a member of the Palestinian community was arrested by the occupation. This period also coincided with a dark milestone that by July, 2023 had surpassed previous years as the deadliest for Palestinians in the West Bank due to Israeli violence since the UN records began in 2005. My background as a dance practitioner provided me with heightened somatic awareness which played a central role in how I observed my body’s physical reactions to grief, shock, fear, sadness and this political landscape. Despite the pain from these solemn scenarios, my time in Palestine was shaped by such joy. Beyond enjoying the surroundings, I experienced intense emotional elevation through the continuous warmth, embrace and comradery of the dance network whom I was with. A seed of appreciation was sown during my initial encounters which deepened when I received so much support from the community through these difficult times and continued to blossom. This reflective journey through pain and care shows how my interactions with this locale, and therefore my research, is uniquely individual to my experience and the nature of this Palestinian community during this specific time. Such juxtapositions of the worst and the best of humanity extend beyond this discussion and shed light on communal activist movements, which are currently serving as fundamental inspiration and support for millions of advocates worldwide, during a significantly challenging period for Palestinians and those who support Palestine during the final months of 2023.
“We Can’t Let Go”: Navigating Dance in a (Post-)Conflict Society
Authors: Biswas Debanjali , Devi Babina
Published: September 2024

Violence and precarity in Manipur is its past and current. What becomes of dance when violence spills over to various parts of society? What does it mean to be haunted by unspeakable memories of violence and yet dance for self and community, region and nation? The essay is written collaboratively and individually by co-authors - practitioners and researchers who have worked on exhuming the sublimated tensions and contradictions in dance cultures of Manipur (India) in the last decade. Though chronologically years apart, they find ideological connections in the demands of the peoples from their government. On the back of historical and cultural circumstances, such demands, fear, or violence arise from exclusionary processes of being minority communities within the nation. Biswas conducted her doctoral fieldwork through agitation, riots and blockades during the Inner Line Permit (ILP) movement (2014-2016). Babina’s doctoral fieldwork began during months of COVID-19 pandemic (2020) and concluded in May 2023 as violent clashes between two ethnic communities broke out. “What will remain of our dances when we are gone?” is often asked of us during conversations with peoples; “we can’t let go” of hope or fear, they assert. The purpose of the essay is two-fold: we look back on methods, ethics and care involved in fieldwork with interlocutors who have witnessed violence, while we witnessed violent events ourselves. Secondly, we deliberate on observance of rituals and staged performances while our interlocutors grapple with experiences of loss, grief and trauma framed by conflict, exclusion, and an overall fraught silence to their demands. We further deliberate on what remains of dance in Manipur at a time of rising tensions and divisions.
Le dernier jour d'un condamné - My auto-condemnation
Authors: Matar Marita
Published: September 2024

The following piece is a monologue unfolding in a fictional setting as a plea to denounce research methodologies that tend to perpetuate violence. In this piece, Attorney situates the problem with academia and the academic community (thus having a strong bond with the reader through gossiping - echoing gossiping as a research methodology). At the end of the plea, the Attorney, who is revealed to be the Anthropologist, the other characters in the courtroom, the reader, hence the research community, lead this denunciation and propose ways to rethink research methodologies to consider ethics better—acknowledging one's vulnerability and fear in the field. This plea denounces systematic training and mentorship of ethnography, calls for collaborative research, acknowledges marginalized forms of knowledge, and refuses a voyeurist researcher approach to the informants. The plea calls for flexible research methods over the fixation of gathering data and thinking ethics beyond pseudonyms. This piece attempts to make sense of the absurdity of research methodology, specifically analyzing the field of academia in which violence is generated and normalized under the name of fieldwork as a slice of life. N.B. Metaphors in the plea are based on true stories
An Approach of Selecting Best School Using Neutrosophic Hyper Soft Set
Authors: Santhi S. , Sandhiya S. , Srinivasan K.
Published: September 2024

Decision-making analysis is one of the best ways to choose the perfect alternative for any specified purpose. Fuzzy theory overcomes the vague and uncertain conditions. Neutrosophic set was an extension of fuzzy set theory. Application of neutrosophic hyper soft set is a major tool in solving the multi-criteria decision-making problem. In this chapter, a numerical example has been framed to select the best school in the certain locality using the proposed algorithm. The parameters have been given in the form of neutrosophic hyper soft set. Comparison was done with the existing method.
A Python Toolbox for Single-Valued and Interval-Valued Fermatean Neutrosophic Matrices
Authors: Broumi Said , Erick González-Caballero
Published: September 2024

Neutrosophic sets are a type of mathematical object that can be used to model indeterminacy and inconsistent information. They are defined using three degrees of membership: truthfulness, indeterminacy, and falsity. Single-valued Fermatean neutrosophic sets (SVFNSs) and interval-valued Fermatean neutrosophic sets (IVFNSs) are two specific cases of neutrosophic sets that have been shown to be useful in a variety of applications. In this chapter, a new Python toolbox is proposed under the neutrosophic environment, which consists in some Python code for single-valued Fermatean neutrosophic matrices and interval-valued Fermatean neutrosophic matrices. Some definitions of interval-valued Fermatean neutrosophy are vague sets such as union, complement, and intersection, which are presented. Furthermore, the related examples are included.
A Proposed Neutrosophic Probability Model for Normalized DifferenceVegetation Index Using Remote Sensing
Authors: Shan-E-Fatima  , Khan Hina , Javid Kanwal
Published: September 2024

In this research work, a new neutrosophic probability model named a neutrosophic Topp-Leone exponentiated generalized exponential distribution is proposed to model the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of Pakistan in the year 2022. The MODIS was used in this research, which gave spatial and spectral information on NDVI in the Earth. NDVI maps were produced from the acquired data, and NDVI sensors computed the normalized difference vegetation index. Mathematical characteristics of the proposed model of NDVI are derived, including central tendency measures, dispersion estimators, inferential statistics, moment generating function, order statistics, reliability measures, quantile-based statistical measures, and renyi entropy and graphical representations of the density function are also presented. The maximum likelihood technique is used to estimate the parameters for the proposed probability model.
A Viewpoint for Making Decisions via Compact Spaces in Neutrosophic Generalized Topology
Authors: Yuvarani A. , Vijaya S. , Santhi P.
Published: September 2024

The ramifications of making decisions are more noteworthy due to the abundance and intricacy of data in everyday challenges. Hence, it is imperative to make sound and effective decision by developing innovative mathematical approaches to resolve these tasks. In this chapter, a problem is identified in the current scenario and a novel technique is proposed to make efficacious decision through the utilization of compactness in neutrosophic generalized topology. For that, initially, μN-compact space is introduced, and its characteristics are analyzed. Subsequently, μN-feebly compact space is presented along with its properties and examined its relationships with some existing notions.
Contribution of the UAE Bankruptcy Law to Environmental Protection
Authors: Hadi El Maknouzi Mohammed El , Jadalhaq Iyad Mohammad , Abdulhay Imad Eldin , Alqodsi Enas Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Many individuals subject to bankruptcy law possess establishments, projects, and activities, especially those operating as businesses. Mismanagement of these entities during bankruptcy can have negative repercussions on environmental protection. Since the issuance of Law No. 2003-699 of 2003 on the prevention of technological and natural hazards and the repair of damage, the French law has connected the Enterprise Difficulties Law (formerly known as the Bankruptcy Law) to issues related to environmental protection. Given this, it is useful to question the contribution of the UAE Federal Decree-Law No. (51) of 2023 promulgating financial and bankruptcy law to environmental protection and, consequently, support of one of the pillars of sustainable development.
Reimagining Human Rights in Response to Climate Change
Authors: Daran Driss Ed , Ziaudin Malik , Al Ajlani Riad , Elhajraoui Fatima Ezzohra
Published: September 2024

There is no denying that many human rights are at risk due to climate change. Unfortunately, because environmental rights do not exist, those who are already suffering as a result of climate change will have to make do with what they have. In contrast, these solutions don't always work or even come close to adequately compensating the victims; furthermore, they seem to be especially problematic when thought of in relation to climate change. This research looks at the potential consequences of creating distinct substantive rights to a healthy environment via the lens of climate change. The consequences of this perspective are the major focus of our investigation. According to the research, a paradigm shift might occur as a consequence of climate change's catastrophic impacts, allowing for a reassessment of human rights laws. Integrating core principles of environmental law into the bedrock of human rights is especially necessary in this regard.
Environmental Human Rights
Authors: Daran Driss Ed , Din Malik Zia-ud
Published: September 2024

Human rights are necessary for the prosperity of every individual, irrespective of their country or any other status. There are several agreements to safeguard human rights on a global scale; however, complete protection is still missing. Modern environmental ethicists believe that assigning human traits to the environment, which sustains our existence, is vital for sustainable development. The notion of sustainability pertains to the current economic development and its implications for future generations. The principles of international cooperation are based on three global values: peace, a healthy environment, and sustainable development. The realization of these values' correlations with humans leads to the quest for legal methods to defend humanity's existence and rights. This chapter examines the inclusion of the right to sustainable development within the framework of environmental human rights. Furthermore, it discusses the failure of certain Rio efforts and highlights the need to explore ways to acknowledge the right to a safe and sustainable environment.
Commercial Companies and Their Role in Shaping the Golden Era
Authors: Abu Mahmoud Lama Mohammed , Abu Mahmoud Nour Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Today, in the ever-evolving daily expansion in the number of commercial businesses, an increase in the consumption of natural resources is anticipated to fulfill this prosperity. Since commerce rules the majority of human transactions, which have an impact on the environmental footprint, corporate sustainability has become a crucial concern in the business sector. Corporate sustainability is becoming more and more recognized as a key component of success and prosperity, as people have become more conscious of the global environmental, social, and economical issues that need to be addressed, consequently, corporate sustainability has become essential in order to thrive in the quickly evolving market. Companies are no longer seeing sustainability as a social responsibility; instead, they are modifying all their investment practices to contribute to the world's transformation into a green planet.
Foundations of Sustainability Education
Authors: Abdallah Asma Khaleel , Ismail Laith Shlash , Ismail Osama A. S.
Published: September 2024

Sustainable education is about assisting the human beings to acquire knowledge, skills, as well as values through which they can effectively contribute to shaping a sustainable future. In sustainable education, key areas like climate change, biodiversity, and environmental protection are considered. Education institutions have been promoting the concept of sustainable education as it helps the students to develop knowledge about the community along with the ways to maintain it. The present study emphasizes integrating sustainability into education along with the initiatives which schools have taken in order to contribute to a sustainable society. Conducting secondary research, it has been found out that education institutions are focusing on emerging trends in sustainability education, and they use those aspects while developing policies and frameworks.
STEM and Sustainability
Authors: Awad Muna Jamel , Al Kaabi Noura Ali Mohamed , Al Awadhi Maymoona Abdulla
Published: September 2024

STEM education is uniquely important to prepare the students for success as it helps in developing several skills that are pertinent for future jobs. STEM courses especially engineering and technology enables the students to get engaged in hands-on-projects wherein they not only build a simple robot or engine but also can integrate technologies that can assist in running sustainability programs effectively. In this context, the current chapter attempts to integrate STEM subjects and sustainability in main education for the purpose of developing eco-leaders. The study in this realm states the importance of integrating sustainability topics in STEM and how the use of different technologies and innovation can help in sustaining the environment. The chapter further identifies the barriers which education institutions experience while integrating sustainability concepts in STEM education.
Generative AI for Threat Hunting and Behaviour Analysis
Authors: Sindiramutty Siva Raja , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Akbar Rehan , Hussain Manzoor , Ray Sayan Kumar , Amsaad Fathi
Published: September 2024

Cyber threats are becoming more advanced, and so is cybersecurity, which is getting more intellectual and better at hiding its presence. The requirement to achieve the balance between proactive resistive and threat-hunting measures in this dynamic environment is very high. Part four outlines how new AI techniques enable the design of the existing processes for hunting potential threats. The main objective is to digress into the core principles of threat hunting, starting from being proactive and including scenarios of deducing the clues based on the hypothesis. Then, the authors will highlight the limitations of conventional methods in detecting the gimmicks that fool even skilled hunters with an unseen threat that is smoking hiddenly in a never-ending evolutionary process. Two well-studied approaches for tackling these challenges are generative models like generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs).
Safeguarding the Future
Authors: Singla Jimmy
Published: September 2024

The utilization of generative artificial intelligence (AI) techniques offers a viable approach to improving defense measures and protecting digital assets in the quickly changing field of cybersecurity. In order to clarify how these cutting-edge technologies support cyber resilience and counter new threats, this chapter examines the developments and uses of generative AI in cybersecurity. The first part of the chapter lays out the fundamental ideas of generative AI and explores important techniques like variational autoencoders (VAEs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs). After that, a number of real-world uses for generative AI in cybersecurity, such as threat and anomaly identification and the use of honeypots for deception, are discussed. Case studies demonstrate how effective generative AI is at strengthening cyber defenses. The chapter also addresses the difficulties and ethical questions that arise when using generative AI to cybersecurity, highlighting the significance of careful utilization and ongoing research to reduce such hazards.
A Study on Factors Affecting the Adherence of Medical Nutrition Therapy Amongst Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Attending Outpatient Clinics of Teaching Hospital Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Authors: Dharmika J. N. Anoj , Sivansuthan S. , Kumanan T. , Rajeshkannan N.
Published: September 2024

Background: Diabetes care includes lifestyle modification which includes Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT). Diabetes nutrition therapy can result in cost saving and improved outcomes such as HbA1C reduction. Despite understanding the importance of diabetic MNT adherence, implementation is difficult due to various reasons.Objective: To study the factors affecting the adherence of diabetic MNT among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending outpatient clinics of Teaching Hospital Jaffna.Methods: This descriptive hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient medical clinics of Teaching Hospital Jaffna for a period of six months from April 2020 to September 2020.All registered type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients, who visited for their monthly diabetes follow-up were included in this study. Knowledge on diabetes MNT was assessed using a 5-component questionnaire and adherence with MNT was assessed using a single question. Median score 13 was used categorize the knowledge score on diabetic MNT into adequate knowledge (13 and above) and inadequate knowledge (<13) for statistical analysis which was done by using SPSS version 26.Results: Out of 351 patients with diabetes 51.3% were females and mean age of participants was 59.42+_13.08. Mean duration of diabetes in years among participants was 7.41+-5.26. Majority of participants (65.5%; CI: 60.4-70.4) showed poor adherence with recommended diabetic MNT and 53.0% of the patients reported they consume more than half (portion) starchy food type plate in their daily meal. Our analysis showed knowledge regarding diabetes MNT significantly in influenced adherence with diabetic MNT recommendations (Chi square-25.61; P<0.001) and 31.3% (CI: 26.6-36.3) participants found to have inadequate knowledge in the assessment. Further 28.5% of them believed that fat and oils can be consumed liberally and only 35.9% identified correct type of food plate for a patient with diabetes. Individual knowledge, cravings, social priorities, understanding the portion size, cost of some foods were noted as perceived barriers among participants for recommended diabetic MNT adherence.Conclusion: The adherence of diabetic MNT was poor among participants and knowledge of participants regarding diabetic MNT significantly influences adherence of MNT. In addition, majority of them reported their daily food plate consists with major portion of starch (Type 1, Type 3 and Type 4). Furthermore, this research has explored several sociocultural unique aspects affecting adherence to diabetes MNT, as such through structured educational interventions by including these factors, health care providers could improve the adherence of diabetic MNT.
Clinical Characteristics and Morbidity of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia at the Initial Presentation - Are we on Right Trend? A Descriptive Study at a Single Center
Authors: Balagamage C. L. , Naotunna C. , Suntharesan J. , Gunasekara B. , Atapattu N.
Published: September 2024

Background: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the commonest cause for adrenal insufficiency in children. Presentation can be varied from isolated genital virilization to significant circulatory compromise with life threatening salt wasting crisis. Newborn screening has been introduced in many European countries at present albeit lack of agreed consensus and heterogeneous evidence. The objectives were to describe the initial clinical presentation and diagnostic biochemistry of CAH and if the disease morbidity related to CAH has been improved with established paediatric endocrine services. Further, to assess the benefit from a possible future newborn screening program.Methods: A Case note review of patients with CAH diagnosed clinically and biochemically and followed up at large Paediatric endocrine service of Lady Ridgeway Hospital for children in Sri Lanka from 2015 to 2021 was undertaken. Data were collected both retrospectively and prospectively.Results: 47 patients (Male 25 vs female 22). with CAH were included. The majority were 21-α hydroxylase deficiency (21 OHD) (74.4%) followed by 3 β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency (3B-HSD) (21.2%) and 11β Hydroxylase deficiency (4.2%) respectively. Of the patients with salt loosing CAH due to 21 OHD, females presented significantly earlier compared to males (p=0.0117) with a mean presentation age of 12.06 days albeit a sex difference in incidence was not noted Ambiguity of external genitalia was the commonest reason for referral in infancy (n=12, 40%) with a mean age of presentation 10 days. 58% (n=23) of salt-losing CAH was diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of life and treatment was started within 24 hours of diagnosis. No mortalities were reported during the study period.Conclusion: This cohort shows lesser morbidity and mortality in the absence of sex preference in incidence possibly due to increased awareness with improved paediatric endocrine service provision. Relatively delayed presentation of patients who had ambiguous Genitalia emphasizes a need of national consensus for a referral pathway for earlier diagnosis and commencing treatment. Introduction of a new born screening program may not be cost effective in the absence of severe morbidity and mortality.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Clinical Outcome of the Current Management Practice with Carb-Counting & Insulin Titration, & Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) on a Selected Group of Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Attending to Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit at National Hospital Kandy, Sri Lanka
Authors: Jegavanthan D. , Antonypillai C. N. , Arambewela M. H. , Dharmasiri G. E. D. L. R. B.
Published: September 2024

Background: Clinical outcome and health related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment among young adults living with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) following structured education on self-management of diabetes in Sri Lankan settings is unknown.Aims: To assess the clinical outcomes of current management practice with carbohydrate counting and self-management of insulin according to eating patterns and to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among young adults living with T1DM aged between 18-25.Methods: Thirty young adults aged between 18-25 years with the diagnosis of T1DM, classified according to American Diabetes Association guideline based on the clinical and/or biochemical parameters were recruited in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Basic demographic data, baseline and follow up assessments on HBA1C were recorded. HRQoL assessment was carried out via a self-administered questionnaire (ViDa1) and the results were compared for internal consistency and with the clinical outcomes.Results: Among the 12 male and 18 female patients, an improvement in HBA1C by the mean of 1.2% was noted over a mean period of 11.38 months of carbohydrate counting and 9.52 months of the self-management of insulin, though no statistical significance observed (P=0.698, 95%CI -0.38-2.8). The internal consistency of Vida 1 questionnaire for our population was validated through Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7 in all four subclasses. There was a positive correlation between self-care and wellbeing (P<0.05) as well as wellbeing and concern about illness (P<0.05). The means for self-care and concern about illness were higher at 3.77 and 3.80 respectively. Feeling of wellbeing was associated with higher educational level (P<0.05).Conclusion: Carbohydrate counting and self-management of insulin showed beneficial effects on improving the HbA1C, though there were no statistical significance. Higher educational level had statistically significant association with feeling of wellbeing in patient with T1DM, which could be explained by improvement in self-confidence with better understanding of training. By extending this study in multicentric level with larger sample size might improve the statistical significance in clinical outcome and further follow up study is required to assess the difference in HRQoL with time.
Case Report: Steroid Cell Ovarian Neoplasm in a Patient with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Yoganathan H. , Karuppiah D. , Majitha S. I. , Thirukumar M. , Ahilen S.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the predominant cause of hyperandrogenism in women of reproductive age. Ovarian steroid cell tumors are rare, accounting for less than 0.1% of all ovarian tumors, with approximately half of these classified as not otherwise specified (NOS). These tumors frequently present with hyperandrogenic symptoms and elevated serum androgen levels, and generally follow a benign course post-surgery.Case Description: We report the case of a 31-year-old female managed as PCOS, who presented with amenorrhea, hirsutism, and virilization. Initially managed as having a broad ligament fibroid, her condition was re-evaluated due to worsening symptoms. Laboratory tests showed elevated testosterone (8.6ng/mL) and high 17-OH progesterone (12.12 ng/mL), and imaging revealed a right-sided ovarian mass. Surgical intervention revealed a highly vascular right ovarian tumor, later confirmed as a steroid cell tumor (NOS) through histopathology. Postoperative recovery was notable for the resolution of hyperandrogenic symptoms and the return of regular menstrual cycles. The patient conceived within six months post-surgery and is currently 20 weeks pregnant without complications.Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of considering tumorous causes of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS, especially when there is a rapid onset of symptoms and elevated testosterone levels. Prompt clinical suspicion and early identification are crucial to avoid delays in appropriate treatment.
Management Challenges of an Infant with Multiple Endocrinopathies with Mc Cune Albright Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Wijalathgedera O. , Suntharesan J.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: McCune Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a triad of hyperpigmentation, endocrinopathies, and fibrous dysplasia (FD), caused by post-zygotic somatic mutations. Hyperthyroidism is the second most common endocrinopathy in MAS and poses significant management challenges in infants.Case Description: A 7-month-old girl, born to unrelated parents, presented with vaginal bleeding, breast development, excessive sweating, rapid weight gain, and height acceleration over the past 2-3 months. She had café-au-lait spots, tachycardia, and high blood pressure. She was started on carbimazole following that developed neutropenia, needed temporary cessation of carbimazole. After short course of Lugol’s iodine carbimazole restarted and thyrotoxicosis was successfully managed medically.Conclusion: It is a challenge managing the early onset endocrinopathies. Early-onset hyperthyroidism in MAS often needs surgical intervention by experienced surgeons. This case highlights the successful management of thyrotoxicosis in an infant with high doses of carbimazole, avoiding immediate surgery, though future surgical intervention might still be needed.
Facial wrinkle categorization using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Vasić Čedomir
Published: September 2024

A tool for the detection and classification of wrinkles on the facial skin is always welcomed in the pursuit of tight and beautiful skin. If this tool involves the use of a state-of-the-art neural network and high-quality images, there is a high likelihood that it will be practical. Five thousand and ninety-eight images were categorized into four classes by a trained expert and prepared for neural network training. The task was to determine whether such prepared data could serve as good material for learning and whether they could provide sufficiently high accuracy in prediction. It was found that the answer to this question is positive.
The emergence of Monkeypox Virus: its complications, connection with smallpox and its future aspects - a short review
Authors: Chettri Dr. Dronesh
Published: September 2024

Monkeypox Virus (MPXV), a zoonotic orthopox DNA virus related to the smallpox virus, was first identified in humans in 1970. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared monkeypox an "evolving hazard of moderate public health concern" on 23 June 2022. Case reports included in this study showed that all patients with typical rashes and risky sexual behaviour should be encouraged to seek immediate medical attention. If a patient has had sexual contact, a diagnosis of monkeypox should be considered even if the patient does not travel to other countries. According to authentic proof from Africa, smallpox immunization is at least 85% successful at avoiding monkeypox. Given the inadequate health infrastructure in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), it would be extremely challenging to implement vaccination as a regular component of immunization programs. Patients with monkeypox may experience complications, including bacterial superinfection, encephalitis, pneumonia, and conjunctivitis/keratitis. Seldom-recorded complications incorporate bronchopneumonia, spewing, and corneal scarring, leading to lasting visual deficiency. Lowering the risk of transmission from person to person, reducing the risk of zoonotic transmission, preventing monkeypox by limiting the trade in animals, engaging the LGBTQIA community, and vaccination may reduce and control monkeypox.