bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing the flow of airborne microorganisms along with environmental conditions and their influence on historic heritage buildings
Authors: de-Lemos-Medina Leonora , Bermudez-Marín Alvaro , Jaikel-Víquez Daniela , Camacho-Cambronero Natalia , Segura-Vargas Alejandra , Gómez-Arrieta Alejandra , Mora-Quirós Yojina , Ureña-Alvarado Keilyn , Rautenberg Lasse Aaron , Fonseca-Alfaro Isaí , Calderón-Mesén Paula , Sandoval-Gutiérrez María Isabel , Redondo-Solano Mauricio , Herrera-Sancho Oscar Andrey
Published: November 2024

The National Theater of Costa Rica is a national symbol of our country and an important architectural landmark. It was built in 1897 and is decorated with large-format paintings made by Italian artists. One of these painters was Paolo Serra, who was in charge of decorating three chambers, including the Management’s Office (MO). A yearly volumetric air sampling was conducted in seven rooms of the theater, showing high levels of circulating fungal spores in the MO. Thus further analysis was carried out in this venue. First, the environmental conditions (wind velocity, temperature, relative humidity, and particles) were monitored. Then the air and particles flow and the probability of particles concentration were simulated for different scenarios of natural ventilation using a Discrete Phase Model. This allowed us to identify the areas where there were probably more damages and microorganisms presented. The artworks in this chamber were analyzed to determine the types of damages identified: buckling, cracks, cuts, craquelure, holes, scratches, color gaps with exposed fabric or wall, insect debris, flaking, humidity stains, interventions of old restorations, opaque stains, whitish stains and total loss of the original image. As a complement, a microbiological sample was held in 34 sites of interest. As a result, five bacterial isolates and thirteen fungi were isolated and identified. We identified the artist’s main colour palette: madder lake, lead white, calcium carbonate, yellow ocher, natural ultramarine and natural barite. We can conclude that artworks under non-controlled environmental conditions may present a significant degree of deterioration, biodeterioration, and chromatic alteration.
A novel method for selective lithium recovery from end-of-life LiFePO4 automotive batteries via thermal treatment combined with a leaching process
Authors: Sánchez Felipe Antonio Lucca , Pacheco João Antonio Scherer , Veit Hugo Marcelo
Published: November 2024

As the demand for electric vehicles has increased, effective solutions for recycling end-of-life lithium-ion batteries have become crucial. Since lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries represent a significant portion of the automotive battery market, this research presents an innovative method to produce concentrated lithium solutions by combining a calcination process with a microwave-assisted hydrometallurgical process. The initial steps involve safe collection and disassembly of discarded batteries to preserve components and minimize contamination. The cathode coils were separated and ground to a particle size smaller than 0.25 mm, concentrating 96% of the lithium compounds. Afterward, the cathode material was calcined for 1 h at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 900°C in air and N₂ atmospheres. For samples treated in an oxidative atmosphere, the complete phase conversion of LiFePO₄ to Li₂Fe₃(PO₄)₃ was achieved at 500°C, whereas in an inert atmosphere, this phase change fully manifested at 700°C. Different sulfuric acid concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mol/L) were subsequently used in the microwave-assisted leaching process for all the calcined and non-calcined cathodic powders. Considering leaching with aqua regia as a reference for the complete leaching of metals, the best results obtained in terms of lithium selectivity were obtained with samples calcined at 500°C and leached with 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid. Under these conditions, 75% of all the lithium and only 2.5% of all the iron were extracted in solution. This result reveals that calcination in an air atmosphere prior to a hydrometallurgical process plays a fundamental role in achieving high lithium selectivity without the need for any other additives.
Forecasting Cryptocurrency Prices Using Hybrid Long Short – Term Memory and Long Short – Term Memory Variants
Authors: Nguyen Thuan Dinh
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, virtual currency has become mainstream and attracts many investors and the environment. People spend large amounts of money in the hope that their trades are buying which occurs when the price of a cryptocurrency falls and selling when it rises in search of a profit. However, due to the volatility of these currencies, it is difficult for investors to decide whether to buy, sell or hold. So in this research, we build a valuable daily data set of virtual currencies, especially Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Binance. We rely on it to build deep learning models along with model improvement techniques and model fusion techniques to improve model performance. We use basic regulatory response measurements to evaluate the model’s results, i.e. MAE, MAPE, MSE, and RMSE.
Novel Mechanisms of Dodecyldimethylbenzalkonium Chloride in Antiviral
Authors: Igarashi Chisato , Kubo Shun , Hayase Atsuko , Mori Takuya , Nonomura Yoshimune , Sakai Takaya
Published: November 2024

The cationic surfactant, alkyldimetylbenzalkonium chloride (BAC), effectively inactivates enveloped viruses, but the underlying mechanism of action is poorly understood1. Therefore, this study attempted to elucidate the inactivation mechanism of BAC using actual viruses and characterize the state of BAC in water under the same conditions. Here, we show that at concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), partial membrane disruption by BAC monomers contributes to the inactivation mechanism. At concentrations above the CMC, solubilization of the envelope component also contributes to virus inactivation. Concentration-related differences in the inactivation mechanism were further evaluated based on the kinetic equation of the reaction, which showed that physicochemical studies are directly related to biochemistry. As enveloped viruses can be viewed as vesicles based on their structure2, the results of this study should enhance investigations of non-virus biological vesicles, such as exosomes and drug delivery systems3, 4, 5.
Seismic Hazard Assessment of the San Ramón Fault in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Dominguez Horacio , Heresi Pablo , Montalva Gonzalo
Published: November 2024

The Chilean seismic activity consists mainly of interface and inslab earthquakes caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate. Nonetheless, several shallow crust faults also contribute to the seismic hazard in the country. An example of such faults is the San Ramón Fault (SRF), an active shallow crust system located at the eastern border of Santiago, whose seismic activity has recently been discovered. The SRF has an average slip rate of 0.4 mm/year, and it has the potential to generate earthquakes with magnitudes up to [[EQUATION]]. Although previous studies have examined the seismic hazard posed by the fault, a probabilistic approach has not been undertaken. This research compares the seismic hazard posed by the subduction zone with that generated by the SRF in Santiago, using state-of-the-art models that represent their geometry and seismicity. We compute seismic hazard maps employing deterministic and probabilistic approaches to assess the influence of the SRF on the study zone. Resulting hazard maps from a deterministic analysis present areas where the intensities caused by an earthquake on the SRF are over three times greater than those from interface and inslab events. However, under a probabilistic approach, the hazard of the SRF is less than 3% that of the subduction zone, attributed to the fault's large return period. Finally, our results indicate that the influence of the SRF on Santiago's seismic hazard strongly depends on the intensity measure considered.
Large impacts of wildfires on soil thermal, hydrological and carbon dynamics in northern Eurasian forests from 2003 to 2016
Authors: Xu Yiming , Zhuang Qianlai , Zhao Bailu , Billmire Michael , Cook Christopher , Graham Jeremy , French Nancy HF , Prinn Ronald
Published: November 2024

We use a process-based biogeochemistry model to simulate the fire impacts on soil thermal and hydrological dynamics and carbon budget of forest ecosystems in Northern Eurasia during 2003–2016 based on satellite-derived burn severity data. We find that burn severity generally increases in this region during the study period. Simulations indicate that fires increase soil temperature by 0.2–0.5°C through removing the ground moss and surface soil organic matter, especially in Asian part of the region. Fires also increase water runoff by about 37 km3 yr− 1 through reducing post-fire evapotranspiration, leading to a higher regional river discharge. Fires remove 1.7 Pg C of ecosystem carbon through combustion emissions during this period and reduce net ecosystem production from 106.4 to 66.1 Tg C yr− 1. Fires lead the forest ecosystems to lose 2.3 Pg C, shifting the forests from a carbon sink to a source in this period. Our study highlights the importance of wildfires in affecting soil thermal and hydrological and carbon dynamics in boreal forests.
Amelioration of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Microenvironment Using Celastrol-Loaded Silver-Modified Ceria Nanoparticles for Enhanced Treatment
Authors: Zhang Xiaoru , Fu Xiaguo , Chen Wanying , Kang Xuejia , Chen Peng , Bo Yang , Liang Jianming , Zeng Feng
Published: November 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a persistent inflammatory microenvironment dominated by pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, both of which contribute to disease progression. To address these pathological features, we developed a core-shell nanoplatform consisting of silver-modified ceria nanoparticles (Ag-CeNP-PEG) loaded with celastrol (Cel), termed Ag-CeNP@Cel. This nanoplatform significantly enhances the water solubility of Cel and reduces its hepato-renal toxicity by enabling passive accumulation in inflamed joints through the extravasation through leaky vasculature and subsequent inflammatory cell-mediated sequestration (ELVIS) effect. The Ag-CeNP-PEG platform synergistically combines with Cel to scavenge excess ROS and reprogram pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, thereby mitigating inflammatory responses and improving the rheumatoid arthritis microenvironment (RAM). Ag-CeNP@Cel exhibited robust therapeutic efficacy and safety in preclinical models, presenting an innovative approach to RA treatment by integrating ROS elimination with macrophage modulation to ameliorate inflammatory microenvironment. This study underscores the potential of Ag-CeNP@Cel as a promising therapeutic strategy for RA management.
Real-time traffic light detection based on lightweight improved RT-DETR
Authors: Tang Chaoli , Li Yun , Wang Lei , Li Wenyan
Published: November 2024

Traffic light detection demands high real-time performance and a lightweight design, existing methods often encounter issues such as detection delays and limited computational resources. Therefore, reducing computational overhead and increasing detection speed, while maintaining accuracy, becomes a critical challenge. To tackle these, this paper proposes GAD-DETR, an enhanced RT-DETR-based network. First, inspired by the approach of GhostNet to minimize computational redundancy and integrate reparameterized convolution (RepConv), the GRELAN module is developed to restructure the backbone network which significantly decreases model size and parameters while enhancing detection speed. To improve the recognition of small objects, whose features tend to be diluted as the network deepens, ADown is introduced to replace standard convolution for downsampling, enhancing small-object detection capability. Finally, a lightweight feature fusion module, DGSFM, is designed to further reduce computational costs and enhance efficiency. Experimental results indicate that GAD-DETR achieves a detection precision of 95.9%, with a model size reduction of 50.3%, and parameter and computation reductions of 50.8% and 51.2%, respectively. FPS increases from 76.7 to 117.8, demonstrating that the proposed algorithm achieves lightweight, real-time traffic light detection.
Factors of Staying in Abusive Emotional Relationships of Iranian Girls: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ghasemi Farzane , Namdarpour Fahimeh , Gorji Yousef
Published: November 2024

Background
Emotional relationships constitute an important part of the lives of most young people and can be important aspects of identity, a source of intimacy, emotional security, and social status for them. However, these relationships may sometimes lead to traumatic relationships and debilitating symptoms. Despite the unpleasantness of these relationships, some girls cannot leave such relationships. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the factors that cause Iranian female students to remain in abusive emotional relationships.
Methods
This research was conducted via the content analysis method. The participants were 9 Iranian girls aged 20–30 years and 10 counselors and psychologists, and the sampling was purposeful. The interviews were conducted in person and recorded. Then, they were transcribed verbatim, and the data were named in semantic units that were similar to each other under a subcategory. Finally, several subcategories were placed in a main category that has a higher degree of abstraction and is called the theme. To validate the findings, the Lincoln and Guba method was used, and for a more in-depth examination, the categories were examined via MaxQuda software version 2020.
Results
The results of the interviews led to the emergence of three main categories and seven subcategories: family factors (strict and permissive parenting, the clinical symptoms of parents, and the ability to reconstruct relationships with parents), individual factors (attachment-related needs and identity confusion) and social factors (peer pressure).
Conclusions
in general, a lack of psychological security in the family, excessive strictness, and neglect of emotional needs, whether real or perceived, and social pressures can affect abusive emotional relationships. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the implementation of supportive, educational, and counseling programs to prevent and reduce harm in educational centers, counseling centers, and the mental health policy system.
Khayyam Offline Persian Handwriting Dataset
Authors: Jafarzadeh Pourya , Choobdar Padideh , Safarzadeh Vahid Mohammadi
Published: November 2024

Handwriting analysis is still an important application in machine learning. A basic requirement for any handwriting recognition application is the availability of comprehensive datasets. Standard labelled datasets play a significant role in training and evaluating learning algorithms. In this paper, we present the Khayyam dataset as another large unconstrained handwriting dataset for elements (words, sentences, letters, digits) of the Persian language. We intentionally concentrated on collecting Persian word samples which are rare in the currently available datasets. Khayyam's dataset contains 44000 words, 60000 letters, and 6000 digits. Moreover, the forms were filled out by 400 native Persian writers. To show the applicability of the dataset, machine learning algorithms are trained on the digits, letters, and word data and results are reported. This dataset is available for research and academic use.
ECDet: Efficient oriented object detection on the aerial imagewith cross-layer attention
Authors: Lyu Xueqiang , Tian Lianghai , Teng Shangzhi
Published: November 2024

With advancements in horizontal object detection models, oriented object detection models have also made significant strides. Yet existing rotated object detectors often struggle to maintain high accuracy while processing high-resolution remote sensing images in real-time. To address these challenges, we propose a new lightweight model specifically for oriented object detection, named the Efficient Cross-layer attention Detector (ECDet). ECDet integrates several efficient modules, including an Efficient Reparameterized Transformer-like backbone (ERepViT) to reduce computational costs, and the Efficient Cross-Layer Fusion Neck (CLF-Neck), a lightweight alternative to traditional pyramid networks for feature fusion with attention mechanism. Additionally, we introduce the Lightweight Task Interaction Decoupled (LTID) head, which enhances task-specific performance by providing more detailed, task-aligned information for classification and regression with minimal computational cost. Furthermore, an ensemble loss combined with the Phase Shifting Coder (PSC) mitigates the angle discontinuity issue in regression-based methods. Evaluations on the DOTA and HRSC datasets show that ECDet runs 32% faster than RTMDet-S with higher accuracy, demonstrating its strong potential for practical application.
Character Recognition for Greek Squeezes
Authors: Howe Nicholas R. , Chang Feiran , Falbo Isabella , Brown Tajhini , Hershkowitz Aaron
Published: November 2024

Squeezes are three-dimensional paper impressions made of stone inscriptions, which have to date received relatively less study than many other forms of historical documents. This paper reports on experiments in text recognition, working with a collection of approximately 30,000 squeezes originally collected from museums and archaeological sites in classical Greece. It explores a number of complementary strategies for character recognition in this medium, with the aim of establishing a strong benchmark in performance. Of the methods studied here, the best achieves a character error rate of 14%.
Aircraft responses to volcanic ash advisories during volcanic eruptions
Authors: DELBREL Juliette , BURTON Mike , ENGWELL Samantha , ESSE Benjamin , HAYER Catherine
Published: November 2024

Volcanic eruptions can inject ash into the atmosphere, which is then advected by meteorological winds, potentially affecting large volumes of airspace. Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs) issue volcanic ash advisories (VAAs) when an airspace is likely to contain ash above a concentration threshold. Much research has been done to improve operational ash forecasts of volcanic ash location in the atmosphere, but until now behaviour of aircraft around erupting volcanoes and those for which VAAs have been issued, and the impact these responses have on flight schedules and diverted aircraft’s fuel consumption, has not been closely examined. Here, we investigate real-world responses by commercial aircraft to volcanic activity as reported in VAAs, using publicly available flight trajectory data during several ash-rich eruptions in periods of heightened eruptive activity in 2022 and 2023 at Etna, Sakurajima, Marapi, Sheveluch, Klyuchevskoy and Ubinas volcanoes. We examine a range of geographic locations and eruption sizes. Flight trajectories during periods when VAAs were active are compared with flight trajectories during normal, ash-free periods. We find that aircraft adopt a range of strategies to avoid ash, largely avoiding the indicated air space affected by ash. We also find that, in general, by avoiding ash aircraft also avoided volcanic SO2 plumes. Our results confirm that the greater the volume of air affected by volcanic ash the greater the deviation of aircraft from their typical flight paths. Rerouted aircraft may travel significantly further distances to avoid ash, which results in longer air travel time and delays, suggesting greater fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Further long-term systematic studies of the impact of volcanic eruptions on flight routes and timing would be helpful in determining the amount of ash-related aircraft disruption, as air traffic is likely to grow in the coming years, and VAAC advisory strategies also evolve.
A Scalable Machine Learning Strategy for Resource Allocation Database
Authors: Manhary Fady Nashat , Mohamed Marghny H , Farouk Mamdouh
Published: November 2024

Efficiently responding to dynamic application demands in cloud environments is crucial for meeting service level agreements (SLAs) and optimizing resource costs. Traditional auto-scaling approaches often struggle with predefined rules, making it challenging to devise optimal adaptation strategies. This paper introduces a proactive strategy that leverages the robust capabilities of long short-term memory (LSTM) for precise request prediction, complemented by the intelligent decision-making power of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) to determine optimal actions for scaling virtual machines.
In this proposed methodology, the LSTM accurately predicts the number of requests in the next time step, effectively adapting to dynamic traffic changes. The integration of MARL enhances the adaptability and efficiency of the auto-scaling process by enabling virtual machines to make informed decisions based on real time states.
This study asserts that applying MARL as a fundamental component of the auto-scaling strategy is a promising and effective solution. The synergy between LSTM and MARL based Ape-X not only enhances predictive accuracy but also empowers virtual machines to make proactive decisions, making it a valuable approach for meeting SLAs and optimizing resource utilization in dynamic cloud environments.
Data-Driven De Novo Design of Super-Adhesive Hydrogels
Authors: Gong Jian Ping , Liao Hongguang , Hu Sheng , Yang Hu , Wang Lei , Tanaka Shinya , Takigawa Ichigaku , Li Wei , Fan Hailong
Published: November 2024

Data-driven methodologies have revolutionized the discovery and prediction of new hard materials, such as crystal structures and high-entropy alloys1-5. However, their application to soft materials remains challenging due to the inherent complexity of their structure–property relationships6-8. Here, we present a comprehensive data-driven approach that integrates data mining, experimentation, and machine learning to develop high-performance adhesive hydrogels from scratch, tailored for demanding underwater environments. By leveraging protein databases, we devised a descriptor strategy to statistically replicate protein sequence patterns via ideal random copolymerization, enabling targeted hydrogel design and dataset construction. Using machine learning, we optimized hydrogel formulations even with a small dataset, achieving unprecedented adhesive performance. These super-adhesive hydrogels demonstrate immense potential across diverse applications, from biomedical engineering to deep-sea exploration, marking a significant advancement in the data-driven innovation for soft materials.
The prevalence and risk factors of upper gastrointestinal problems: An analysis from the perspective of community pharmacies
Authors: Venugopal Jayalakshmi , Govindaswamy Swathy , Karnan Deepika , Dhilipkumar S.
Published: November 2024

Background: Community pharmacists are often the first choice for individuals seeking advice with upper gastrointestinal issues since they are easily accessible. However, it is essential to highlight that most nations do not have "triage" systems that allow community pharmacists to help patients with gastrointestinal issues. One reason for this is the need for more available patient pharmacoepidemiologic data.
Aim and Objectives: This study investigated the prevalence, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and symptoms of patients with upper gastrointestinal problems who visit community pharmacists for medical advice or to obtain OTC medication.
Materials and Methods: This observational study, which included 731 participants, was carried out over six months at 12 randomly chosen community pharmacies in southern India. Data on the participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were gathered and examined using IBM SPSS software version 29.0.
Results: A total of 731 patients participated in the research. The mean age was 36.0±13.7 years with male predominance (54.9%). The mean BMI was 20.8±4.4 kg/m2. Coffee was the most commonly consumed beverage (22.3%). Of the participants, 64% had been experiencing symptoms for the previous three months. Of them, 76.3% did not seek medical guidance to treat the symptoms. Heartburn, reported by 40.2% of participants, is the most prevalent symptom. The overall prevalence of UGI problems was 8.3%.
Conclusion: The study's results highlight the significance of dietary and lifestyle changes as common risk factors for UGI symptoms, particularly for younger people who often use community pharmacies. Since community pharmacists are directly involved in treating UGI symptoms, it is essential to integrate regular training for them and harmonize their professional guiding approach. These findings can inform healthcare practices and improve patient management of UGI symptoms, potentially reducing the burden on the healthcare system.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ КЕЛЬНСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯВ СТАНОВЛЕНИИ ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХВЗГЛЯДОВ КАНЦЛЕРА АДЕНАУЭРА
Authors:  А.  Сорокин
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема влияния кёльнского происхождения на внешнюю политику Аденауэра. Определяется значение данного фактора для западной интеграции, антисоветского курса, германского вопроса.

The article considers the problem of the Cologne origin influence on Adenauer's foreign policy. The value of this factor for the western integration, an anti-Soviet course, the German question is defined.
«ЛОВУШКА» НА ПУТИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ РАННЕГО ЭТНОГЕНЕЗА МОЛДАВАН: ПО СЛЕДАМ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ СОВЕТСКИХ УЧЕНЫХ
Authors: М.Ц. АРЗАКАНЯН , А.А. ГЕРЦЕН , Е.Г. ПАСКАРЬ
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена проблеме изучения раннего этногенеза молдаван. Авторы показывают, какую лепту в историографию вопроса в свое время внесли труды советских исследователей — историков, этнографов, археологов, лингвистов, работавших в Кишинёве и в Москве.

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the early ethnogenesis of Moldavians. The authors show what contribution to the historiography of the issue at the time was made by the works of Soviet researchers — historians, ethnographers, archaeologists, linguists who worked in Kishinev and Moscow.
РИМЛЯНЕ И ПРОВИНЦИАЛЫ: ПРОБЛЕМА ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ ЗА ТЕХ, КОГО ПОКОРИЛИ
Authors: В.О. НИКИШИН
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена теме взаимодействия Рима и провинций в период Поздней республики. В частности, автор рассматривает вопросы управления и коррупции. Материал источников убеждает нас в том, что управление провинциями в конце эпохи Республики было не столько государственным, сколько частным делом представителей римской правящей элиты, наделённых, в сущности, неограниченными властными полномочиями. Такая ситуация порождала, с одной стороны, практически полное бесправие провинциалов, а с другой — разнообразные злоупотребления, произвол и беззакония со стороны римских должностных лиц и публиканов. Главная проблема в отношениях Рима с провинциями заключалась в отсутствии чувства ответственности за судьбы покорённых народов. Это чувство появилось у римской правящей элиты лишь в самом конце эпохи Республики.

This article is devoted to the theme of interaction between Rome and provinces during the period of the Late Republic. Particularly the author considers issues of government and corruption. The material of our historical sources convinces us that the provincial government in the end of the epoch of the Republic was not so much public case as private one, which was realized by the representatives of the Roman ruling class, who in fact were endowed by unlimited powers. Such situation generated, on the one hand, practically absolute powerlessness of provincials and different abusements, arbitrariness and lawlessness, which were made by the Roman officials and publicans, on the other. The main problem in the sphere of relations between Rome and its provinces was rooted in the absence of the sense of responsibility for the fates of conquered peoples. Such a sense emerged inside the Roman ruling class only in the very end of the epoch of the Republic.
«ДВОЙНЫЕ СТАНДАРТЫ ПО-РИМСКИ» НА ПРИМЕРЕ «ДЕЯНИЙ» АММИАНА МАРЦЕЛЛИНА
Authors: И.Е. ЕРМОЛОВА
Published: November 2024

Общим местом в античных сочинениях были обвинения варваров в коварстве, вероломстве, непостоянстве, лицемерии и пр. Следовал этой традиции и Аммиан Марцеллин. Он считал такой стиль поведения отличительной чертой варваров. Враждебный взгляд на варваров обусловлен еще и тем, что во времена Аммиана многочисленные племена непрерывно угрожали и нападали на Римскую империю. Когда же римляне, по сути, используют те же методы в отношении соседей, это не только не возмущает автора «Деяний», а, напротив, вызывает его одобрение: неважно, каким способом уничтожены враги, главное — была принесена польза империи. Интересны терминологические различия, которые обнаруживаются в тексте «Деяний»: «дикость» внешних народов и римских воинов описывается разными словами.

The accusation of the barbarians of perfidy, artfulness, inconstancy, hypocrisy etc. is a topos in the works of ancient authors. Ammianus Marcellinus followed this tradition. He considered that such style of behaviour was typical for the barbarians. The cause of the hostile view at the barbarians is explained by their uninterrupted attacks to the Roman empire in Ammianus Marcellinus’ time. But when the Romans used the same methods against the neighbors, this is not only outraged the author of “Res gestae”, but rather causes approval: in us not matter how the enemies destroyed, the main thing that was going to bring the benefits of the Empire. Terminological differences in the text of “Res gestae” are interesting: “savagery” of the barbarians and Roman warriors is described with various words.
ОТКРЫТОЕ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ СКРЫТОГО ВАРВАРСТВА МАССОВЫЕ КАРАТЕЛЬНЫЕ АКЦИИ АЛЕКСАНДРА МАКЕДОНСКОГО ПЕРИОДА ПОКОРЕНИЯ «ДАЛЬНИХ» САТРАПИЙ
Authors: А.А. КЛЕЙМЕНОВ
Published: November 2024

Цель исследования заключается в анализе масштабных карательных экспедиций Александра Македонского периода покорения Восточного Ирана, Средней Азии и Северо-Западной Индии. Задачами являются рассмотрение характера карательных акций Александра, предпосылок их проведения и выявление наличия подобных элементов в военной практике предшествующего периода. Исследование опиралось на всесторонний анализ античных письменных источников, сравнительно-исторический метод, метод контент-анализа. Определяется, что карательные акции осуществлялись Александром посредством выделения из войска специальных отрядов и проводились в землях, населенных племенными сообществами. Схожие военные предприятия, связанные с грабежом, убийствами и порабощением населения были характерны для вооруженных конфликтов в «варварской» северной части Балканского полуострова, часто проходивших в форме набегов. Во времена Филиппа II карательные походы практиковались для подрыва военно-демографического потенциала варварских племенных объединений и государственных образований, а также являлись средством пополнения казны. Имея опыт осуществления экспедиций для пацификации балканских племен, армия Александра в более широких масштабах проводила их против непокорного населения «дальних» сатрапий, однако здесь экономически и логистически нецелесообразное обращение пленных в рабство уступило место массовым убийствам.

The main aim of the article is to demonstrate the analysis of large-scale Alexander’s the Great punitive actions during the conquest of Easter Iran, Middle Asia and north-west India. The problems of the research are the consideration of the punitive action, its reasons and the discovering these elements in the previous time. A multi-faceted approach to the ancient narrative sources, methods of comparative historical analysis and content analysis have been used. It is determined that Alexander the Great detached the special part his army to make the punitive actions in tribal’ lands. The similar military actions were typical for «barbarian» from the north part of Balkan Peninsula. At Philip’s II time the punitive actions used for debauches of military and social potential of local tribes and for filling the treasury up. Having this experience Alexander used it with the bidder power against the intractable inhabitants of the eastern satrapies where to take people to slaves were inexpedient.
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЭКЗИСТЕНЦИАЛИЗМ КАРЛА КЕРЕНЬИ
Authors: В.В. Петров
Published: November 2024

В фокусе статьи — научный путь и идеи Карла Кереньи, филолога-классика, специалиста по греческой мифологии и религии. Обсуждается характер мировоззрения Кереньи, которое может быть охарактеризовано как филологический экзистенциализм. Это определение охватывает призыв Кереньи «проживать» религиозный опыт греков, его понимание гуманизма как экзистенциальной ответственности интеллектуала перед лицом тоталитарных идеологий и массовой культуры, его мнение, что современная культура обретет свою сущность через обращение к культуре и самосознанию греческой Античности, ее форме и стилю. Рассматриваются взгляды Кереньи на генезис эллинистического гуманизма, соотношение гуманизма и варварства, его суждения о том, что классическое образование и высокая культура достигаются только посредством «великих книг». Идеи Кереньи анализируются в контексте мнений поэтов, филологов и философов, рассуждавших об эллинизме, нераздельности гуманитарных наук и гуманизма, противоположности классической и массовой культуры. Среди этих авторов — Цицерон, Ф. Гёльдерлин, В.С. Соловьев, Ф.Ф. Зелинский, Вяч. Иванов, В. Отто, Т.С. Элиот, Э. Паунд, Т. Манн., Л. Штраус, М. Хайдеггер, Г.-Г. Гадамер и др.

The article treats the scholarly career and ideas of Karl Kerényi, a classical philologist, a specialist in Greek mythology and religion. The nature of his worldview, which can be characterized as philological existentialism, is discussed. This definition comprehends Kerényi’s call to “live through” the religious experience of the Greeks, his understanding of humanism as the existential responsibility of an intellectual in the face of totalitarian ideologies and mass culture, his opinion that modern culture will acquire its essence through the reference to Greek antiquity, its form and style. Kerényi’s views on the genesis of Hellenistic humanism, the relationship between humanism and barbarism are considered, as also his thought that classical education and high culture can be acquired only through “great books”. Kerényi’s ideas are analyzed in the context of the opinions of poets, philologists and philosophers who talked about Hellenism, the inseparability of the humanities and humanism, the opposition of classical and mass culture. Among these authors are Cicero, F. Hölderlin, Vladimir Solovyov, Tadeusz Zieliński, Vyacheslav Ivanov, Walter Otto, T.S. Eliot, E. Pound, Thomas Mann., LeoStrauss, M. Heidegger, G.-G. Gadamer and others.
Refined Strategies: Financial Risk Management in the Realm of International Business
Authors: Sahani Tanwangini
Published: November 2024

Financial risk management in the realm of international business holds immense significance within the global marketplace. This study delves into the diverse financial risks encountered by multinational corporations (MNCs) as they operate across various markets. These risks encompass currency exchange fluctuations, interest rate fluctuations, political and regulatory uncertainties, market volatility, and credit vulnerabilities. The study assesses the efficacy of conventional financial risk management methods in addressing these challenges and investigates how geopolitical dynamics influence risk management strategies for MNCs.The research methodology adopts a descriptive approach utilizing secondary sources, emphasizing structured data presentation relevant to present-day conditions. The analysis covers the nature and origins of financial risks, established risk management practices, and the impact of geopolitical variables on risk management strategies. The findings highlight the critical role of proactive risk assessment, holistic risk mitigation tactics, and the ability to adapt to geopolitical shifts in ensuring sustainable financial outcomes in international business endeavors.
Assessing Efficiency of Preferential Treatment from Resident Position
Authors: Antonova D. A.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the research analyzing adverse factors influencing the efficiency of preferential treatment functioning in the Far-East Federal Area. To build a complex assessment of factors hindering the development of business and affecting the demand for preferential treatment on the part of investors a survey of effective residents of preferential treatment zones was conducted. The author came to practical conclusions, which can be used for further upgrading of statutory enactments necessary to establish and regulate preferential treatment in the Far-East Federal Area. The research is based on statistic data of the Ministry on Developing the Far East and the Arctic and the limited company ‘The Corporation of Developing the Far East and the Arctic’. The findings of the research can be used by federal authorities of the Russian Federation, bodies of power in entities of the Russian Federation and controlling companies in order to improve investment climate on the territory of the Far-East Federal Area.
Gossypetin Alleviates DSS-induced Colitis by Regulating COX2 and ROS–JNK Signaling
Authors: Kim Hyeonjin , Kim Eungyung , Ma Lei , Kim ChaeYeon , Park Kanghyun , Liu Zhibin , Huang Ke , Kim Dong Joon , Ryoo Zae Young , Yi Jun Koo , Sung Yonghun , Jang Soyoung , Kim Myoung Ok
Published: November 2024

Background:

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) represents a chronic and recurrent
inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract, with a rising global incidence. Current
treatment approaches include surgery and drugs. However, surgeries are invasive procedures,
while drug treatments often present with various side effects. Gossypetin, a flavonoid found
abundantly in plants such as hibiscus, exhibits anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. However,
its potential impact on IBD remains unexplored.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of gossypetin on colitis.

Methods:

We employed the DSS-induced colitis model to evaluate the therapeutic potential of
gossypetin on colitis. The efficacy of gossypetin was assessed within this model using the Disease
Activity Index (DAI) score and histological analysis. Additionally, we utilized qRT-PCR to
measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Immunohistochemistry
confirmed the expression of tight junction markers, COX-2, and phosphorylated JNK
protein, normally associated with disease progression. Furthermore, Western blot analysis was
conducted to examine the SOD levels and anti-apoptotic effects of gossypetin.

Results:

In DSS-induced colitis mice, gossypetin treatment ameliorated weight loss and reduced
colon length caused by DSS treatment. Additionally, gossypetin-treated groups exhibited DAI
scores and reduced histological damage. Moreover, gossypetin treatment increased tight junction
expression, decreased inflammatory responses, reduced ROS levels, attenuated JNK signaling,
and decreased apoptosis.

Conclusion:

Gossypetin shows therapeutic potential for mitigating the symptoms and progression
of colitis by targeting ROS–JNK signaling involved in inflammation and tissue damage.
This highlights the potential of natural compounds such as gossypetin for targeted therapies with
reduced side effects and improved efficacy.
Physicochemical Exploration of Some Biologically Potent Molecules Prevailing in Aqueous Solution of an Anticoagulant Drug with the Manifestation of Solvation Consequences
Authors: Neogi Sourav Basu , Roy Mahendra Nath , Alam Firoj , Barman Biraj Kumar , Saha Sanjoy
Published: November 2024

Aims:

Our research aims to uncover how solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions
behave in aqueous solutions, exploring how temperature variations and concentration
changes influence these interactions. This can provide deeper insights into the
behavior of molecules in different environments, potentially leading to applications in
fields such as drug delivery, chemical reactions, and material science.

Background:

In the aqueous ternary system, the physicochemical interactions between a
medically powerful pharmacological molecule and two naturally occurring amino acids
were explored. The investigations were performed in a dilute to infinite dilute medium to
study the interactions between the solutes and solvent extensively.

Objective:

The objective of this research is to systematically investigate the nature of solute-
solvent and solute-solute interactions in aqueous solutions across a range of temperatures
and concentrations. By doing so, we aim to elucidate the underlying principles governing
these interactions, which could contribute to a deeper understanding of solution
chemistry. This knowledge is intended to inform the development of more efficient and
effective applications in various scientific and industrial fields, including drug formulation,
catalysis, and material design.

Method:

To characterize and calculate the interactions in the ternary system, various
models and formulas were considered and applied. Based on various parameters, including
viscosity B-coefficient, apparent molar volume, and molar conductance from viscosity,
density, and conductance studies, varying temperatures and concentrations were used
to elucidate the molecular interactions. To elucidate the interactions between solute with
co-solute and with solvent, the limiting apparent molar volumes and the experimental
slopes, derived from the Masson equation, and the Viscosity constants A and B, obtained
via the Jones-Doles equation, were examined. To illustrate the structure- breaking/
making character of the solutes in the solution, Hepler’s method and dB/dT values
were applied.

Results:

The results indicated that hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction plays a significant
role in the system.

Conclusion:

These amino acid interaction models may explain the properties of a variety
of physiologically active compounds, and the mechanism can be expanded to comprehend
the nature of similar systems. Furthermore, the research could lead to advancements
in areas such as pharmaceutical sciences, where controlling solute interactions is crucial
for drug delivery systems, and in environmental chemistry, where understanding pollutant
behavior in water is essential for remediation efforts.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Chlorogenic Acid and Call for Further Research
Authors: Singh Sonia , Singh Rishabh Pratap , Singh Bhoopendra , Semwal Bhupesh C.
Published: November 2024

In recent years, phenolic acids have garnered considerable interest on account of their
diverse biological, practical, and pharmacological effects. Chlorogenic Acid (CGA), presently
referred to as 3-CQA, is the most prevalent isomer among caffeoylquinic acid isomers (3-, 4-,
and 5-CQA). Among the naturally occurring phenolic acid compounds found in green coffee
extracts and tea, it is one of the most readily accessible acids. Recent studies have demonstrated
that chlorogenic acid exerts its anti-inflammatory effects via various mechanisms, including the
inhibition of inflammatory mediators, demonstration of antioxidant activity, modulation of signaling
pathways, and regulation of the immune system. Each of these mechanisms is essential
for immune system regulation. Chlorogenic acid mitigates tissue injury and impedes the inflammatory
response through mechanisms, including inhibition of pro-inflammatory chemical
synthesis and activity, scavenging of free radicals, and modulation of immune cell functionality.
Throughout this review article, we have methodically examined the advantageous contributions
of CGA in relation to its origin, assimilation, metabolism, molecular mechanisms, mechanistic
effects, and impact on various forms of inflammation.
Relationship Between Heart Rate and Perceived Stress in Intensive Care Unit Residents: Exploratory Analysis Using Fitbit Data
Authors: Wang Ruijing , Rezaeian Olya , Asan Onur , Zhang Linghan , Liao Ting
Published: November 2024

Background

Intensive care unit (ICU) residents are exposed to high stress levels due to the intense nature of their work, which can impact their mental health and job performance. Heart rate measured through wearable devices has the potential to provide insights into residents’ self-reported stress and aid in developing targeted interventions.

Objective

This exploratory study aims to analyze continuous heart rate data and self-reported stress levels and stressors in ICU residents to examine correlations between physiological responses, stress levels, and daily stressors reported.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted on heart rate measurements and stress assessments collected from 57 ICU residents over a 3-week period using Fitbit Charge 3 devices. These devices captured continuous physiological data alongside daily surveys that assessed stress levels and identified stressors. The study used Spearman rank correlation, point-biserial correlation analysis, 2-tailed paired t tests, and mixed-effect models to analyze the relationship between heart rate features and stress indicators.

Results

The findings reveal complex interactions between stress levels and heart rate patterns. The correlation analysis between stress levels and median heart rate values across different percentile ranges showed that lower percentile heart rates (bottom 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50%) had modest correlations with stress, whereas higher percentiles (top 50%, 25%, 10%, and 5%) did not correlate significantly (all P>.05). The 2-tailed paired t test indicated significant differences in stress levels reported in midday versus end-of-day surveys (P<.001), although these changes in stress levels were not consistently reflected in heart rate patterns. Additionally, we explored and found that stressors related to “other health” issues had the highest positive correlation with stress level changes from midday to end-of-day surveys. However, the weak effect of these stressors on peak heart rate suggests that their impact on physiological measures like heart rate is not yet clear. According to our mixed-effects model, stress levels significantly influenced heart rate variations when hierarchical data were taken into account (P=.03), meaning that as the stress level increased, there was a significant increase in mean heart rate.

Conclusions

This study highlights the complexity of using heart rate as an indicator of stress, particularly in high-stress environments like the ICU. Our findings suggest that while heart rate is found to correlate with self-reported stress in the mixed-effect model, its impact is modest, and it should be combined with other physiological and psychological measures to obtain a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of residents’ stress levels.
Инфраструктура открытых ключей PKI и модели доверия
Authors: Чефранова А.О.
Published: November 2024

Представлен анализ зарубежного рынка инфраструктуры открытых ключей и перспек-
тивы его роста в ближайшие годы. Подробно рассмотрены элементы инфраструктуры PKI и модели доверия между удостоверяющими центрами.