bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An analgesic peptide H-20 attenuates chronic pain via the PD-1 pathway with few adverse effects
Authors: Zhao Long , Luo Hao , Ma Yu , Zhu Shengze , Wu Yongjiang , Lu Muxing , Yao Xiaojun , Liu Xin , Chen Gang
Published: July 2022

The lack of effective and safe analgesics for chronic pain management has been a health problem associated with people's livelihoods for many years. Analgesic peptides have recently shown significant therapeutic potential, as they are devoid of opioid-related adverse effects. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is widely expressed in neurons. Activation of PD-1 by PD-L1 modulates neuronal excitability and evokes significant analgesic effects, making it a promising target for pain treatment. However, the research and development of small molecule analgesic peptides targeting PD-1 have not been reported. Here, we screened the peptide H-20 using high-throughput screening. The in vitro data demonstrated that H-20 binds to PD-1 with micromolar affinity, evokes Src homology 2 domain–containing tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) phosphorylation, and diminishes nociceptive signals in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Preemptive treatment with H-20 effectively attenuates perceived pain in naïve WT mice. Spinal H-20 administration displayed effective and longer-lasting analgesia in multiple preclinical pain models with a reduction in or absence of tolerance, abuse liability, constipation, itch, and motor coordination impairment. In summary, our findings reveal that H-20 is a promising candidate drug that ameliorates chronic pain in the clinic.
Regulated processing and secretion of a peptide precursor in cilia
Authors: Luxmi Raj , Mains Richard E. , Eipper Betty A. , King Stephen M.
Published: July 2022

Cilia are sensory and secretory organelles that both receive information from the environment and transmit signals. Cilia-derived vesicles (ectosomes), formed by outward budding of the ciliary membrane, carry enzymes and other bioactive products; this process represents an ancient mode of regulated secretion. Peptidergic intercellular communication controls a wide range of physiological and behavioral responses and occurs throughout eukaryotes. TheChlamydomonas reinhardtiigenome encodes what appear to be numerous prepropeptides and enzymes homologous to those used to convert metazoan prepropeptides into bioactive peptide products. SinceC. reinhardtii, a green alga, lack the dense core vesicles in which metazoan peptides are processed and stored, we explored the hypothesis that propeptide processing and secretion occur through the regulated release of ciliary ectosomes. A synthetic peptide (GATI-amide) that could be generated from a 91-kDa peptide precursor (proGATI) serves as a chemotactic modulator, attractingminusgametes while repellingplusgametes. Here we dissect the processing pathway that leads to formation of an amidated peptidergic sexual signal specifically on the ciliary ectosomes ofplusgametes. Unlike metazoan propeptides, modeling studies identified stable domains in proGATI. Mass spectrometric analysis of a potential prohormone convertase and the amidated proGATI-derived products found in cilia and mating ectosomes link endoproteolytic cleavage to ectosome entry. Extensive posttranslational modification of proGATI confers stability to its amidated product. Analysis of this pathway affords insight into the evolution of peptidergic signaling; this will facilitate studies of the secretory functions of metazoan cilia.
Effects of Ga on microstructure and mechanical properties of HSRRed Mg–Zn–Zr alloys
Authors: Nie Yang , Yan Hongge , Chen Jihua , Chen Qing , Xia Weijun , Su Bin , He Jiale
Published: July 2022

Effects of Ga alloying on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn–0.6Zr alloys and the mechanism have been explored. In addition to being solidly soluble in the α-Mg matrix, Ga also reacts with Zn and Zr to produce GaZr2 and Ga-riched Mg7Zn3 particles. The formation of these intermetallics consumes solute atoms in the α-Mg matrix which weakens its beneficial effect on the dynamic recrystallisation behaviour of the alloys. The Ga addition reduces both strength and ductility of the Mg–6Zn–0.6Zr alloy sheets produced by high strain rate rolling processing due to the bigger grain size and the decreasing degree of dynamic recrystallisation. The decline in ductility can also be ascribed to the existence of the coarse Ga-riched Mg7Zn3 particles.
Facile synthesis of mesoporous zirconia nanocrystals in acid/base-free conditions
Authors: Shi Guoliang , Guo Yu , Liu Wen , Zhang Qianwei , Liu Jianhong , Lv Cunqin , Jiao Weizhou , Liang Jing
Published: July 2022

The synthesis of mesoporous zirconia was usually achieved in extreme (acid or alkaline) PH conditions, which could result in generating a great deal of wastes that were not good for the environment. The one-pot vapour-induced synthesis route alternative to conventional acidification or basification was applied to prepare the mesostructured zirconia nanocrystals using the CTAB and F127 surfactant as template, respectively, in the paper. The nanomaterials exhibit well crystallinity and narrow pore size distribution centred at ranging from 3.2 to 4.9 nm. Compared with CTAB, the F127-templated products show a smaller grain size of less than 6.1 nm, a higher specific surface area of 167 m2 g−1 and a larger pore volume of 0.25 cm3 g−1. The synthesised mesoporous materials probably have important prospects as catalyst carriers and adsorbents.
Partial austenitisation and TBF steel composed of ferrite, bainitic ferrite, and austenite
Authors: Erişir Ersoy , Bilir Oğuz Gürkan , Sözer Yunus Emre , Ararat Özge , Davut Kemal
Published: July 2022

A TRIP-aided bainitic-ferritic (TBF) steel with a chemical composition of Fe–0.19C–1.7Mn–1.09Si–0.51Al–0.05Nb (wt-%) was partially austenitised from a hot-rolled martensitic initial microstructure. After the hot rolling, the martensitic specimens were reheated to different intercritical temperatures and then austempered at 350°C. Thus, the effect of the initial microstructure of TBF steel on intercritical austenite formation during partial austenitisation was studied. The microstructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and the tensile properties were tested. Microstructural observations revealed that a final microstructure of fine ferrite, bainitic ferrite, and retained austenite can be obtained. The steel partial austenitised at 770°C showed a good combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation.
Circulating sestrins and force velocity profiling in older adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: González‐Martos Raquel , Aparicio‐Ugarriza Raquel , Alcazar Julian , Ramirez‐Castillejo Carmen , Reihmane Dace , Menéndez‐Rey Adrian , González‐Gross Marcela , Guadalupe‐Grau Amelia
Published: July 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in old age affects the musculoskeletal system causing loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Stress‐inducible proteins named sestrins are potential novel biomarkers of muscle function due to their ability to suppress oxidative stress and prevent muscle degeneration. Our aim was to determine the association between different force‐velocity (F‐V) profiles with body composition, physical performance, and glucose control in older adults with T2DM. We also intended to determine the potential utility of sestrin 1 (Sesn1) and 2 (Sesn2) as biomarkers of physical functionality. Fifty‐nine participants (69–79 years) were classified in 3 groups according to their F‐V profile based on the leg press exercise: nondeficit (NDEF = 40.7%), force deficit (FDEF = 28.8%), and velocity deficit (VDEF = 30.5%). Both VDEF and FDEF groups showed lower muscle power than NDEF (Cohen's d 0.87 and 0.75 for effect size, respectively). Serum Sesn2 levels, maximal dynamic strength, arms and legs fat‐free mass were reduced in FDEF compared to the NDEF group (p < 0.05), whereas glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose levels were similar among groups. ROC analysis revealed the distinction between the NDEF and FDEF group based on Sesn2 concentrations (<0.72 ng/mL), suggesting their potential use as functional biomarkers for early intervention through exercise. Older adults with T2DM show different F‐V profiles, related to low levels of Sesn2, impaired body composition and physical performance, and may be taken into consideration to target exercise training in this specific population.
The inositol 5-phosphatase INPP5B regulates B cell receptor clustering and signaling
Authors: Droubi Alaa , Wallis Connor , Anderson Karen E. , Rahman Saifur , de Sa Aloka , Rahman Taufiq , Stephens Len R. , Hawkins Philip T. , Lowe Martin
Published: July 2022

Upon antigen binding, the B cell receptor (BCR) undergoes clustering to form a signalosome that propagates downstream signaling required for normal B cell development and physiology. BCR clustering is dependent on remodeling of the cortical actin network, but the mechanisms that regulate actin remodeling in this context remain poorly defined. In this study, we identify the inositol 5-phosphatase INPP5B as a key regulator of actin remodeling, BCR clustering, and downstream signaling in antigen-stimulated B cells. INPP5B acts via dephosphorylation of the inositol lipid PI(4,5)P2 that in turn is necessary for actin disassembly, BCR mobilization, and cell spreading on immobilized surface antigen. These effects can be explained by increased actin severing by cofilin and loss of actin linking to the plasma membrane by ezrin, both of which are sensitive to INPP5B-dependent PI(4,5)P2 hydrolysis. INPP5B is therefore a new player in BCR signaling and may represent an attractive target for treatment of B cell malignancies caused by aberrant BCR signaling.
Inhibition of astrocytic DRD2 suppresses CNS inflammation in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Lu Shen-zhao , Wu Yue , Guo Yong-shun , Liang Pei-zhou , Yin Shu , Yin Yan-qing , Zhang Xiu-li , Liu Yan-Fang , Wang Hong-yan , Xiao Yi-chuan , Liang Xin-miao , Zhou Jia-wei
Published: July 2022

Astrocyte activation is associated with progressive inflammatory demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). The molecular mechanisms underlying astrocyte activation remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have suggested that classical neurotransmitter receptors are implicated in the modulation of brain innate immunity. We investigated the role of dopamine signaling in the process of astrocyte activation. Here, we show the upregulation of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) in reactive astrocytes in MS brain and noncanonical role of astrocytic DRD2 in MS pathogenesis. Mice deficient in astrocytic Drd2 exhibit a remarkable suppression of reactive astrocytes and amelioration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mechanistically, DRD2 regulates the expression of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase, which modulates NF-κB activity through protein kinase C-δ. Pharmacological blockade of astrocytic DRD2 with a DRD2 antagonist dehydrocorybulbine remarkably inhibits the inflammatory response in mice lacking neuronal Drd2. Together, our findings reveal previously an uncharted role for DRD2 in astrocyte activation during EAE-associated CNS inflammation. Its therapeutic inhibition may provide a potent lever to alleviate autoimmune diseases.
Electromagnetic asymmetry, relegation of curvature singularities of charged black holes, and cosmological equations of state in view of the Born–Infeld theory
Authors: Yang Yisong
Published: July 2022

It is shown that the Born–Infeld nonlinear electrodynamics with a polynomial type nonlinearity accommodates finite-energy electric point charges but rejects finite-energy magnetic point charges, or monopoles, thereby spelling out an electromagnetic asymmetry. Moreover, it is demonstrated, in a systematic way, that the curvature singularities of finite-energy charged black holes in the context of the Born–Infeld theory may effectively be relegated or in some cases removed under a critical mass–energy condition, which has been employed successfully in earlier concrete studies. Furthermore, it is illustrated through numerous examples considered here that, when adapted to describe scalar-wave matters known as k-essences, the Born–Infeld formalism provides a fertile ground for cosmological applications, including achieving accelerated dark-energy expansions and acquiring adequate field-theoretical realizations of the equations of state of various cosmic fluid models.
Enhanced thermoelectric power factor led by isovalent substitution in Sr2CrMoO6 double perovskite
Authors: Saini Sudha , Saxena Mandvi , Bhattacharya Tathagata , Saha Abhirup , Maiti Tanmoy
Published: July 2022

The strategy of using aliovalent substitution in A2B2O6 double perovskites remained the popular choice to enhance the charge carrier concentration in order to increase their electrical conductivity. In the present investigation, we have shown that the isovalent substitution in A-site can facilitate in manipulating the oxidation states of B-site transition metal cations in double perovskites, which in turn helps in increasing the carrier concentration. Further, using the strategy of manipulating valence states of B-site cations, we could enhance the thermoelectric (TE) power factor of double perovskites. Ceramic samples of Ba
x
Sr2−x
CrMoO6 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) double perovskites have been synthesized via solid-state reaction route. The phase constitution and morphological study have been carried out via x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Rietveld refinement of XRD data confirms the polycrystalline cubic structure with Pm

3
ˉ

m space group. Negative values of Seebeck coefficient have been observed for these oxides in the temperature range from room temperature to 1100 K, confirming electrons as the majority charge carriers. The electrical conductivity of Sr2CrMoO6 double perovskite is found to be increased by more than an order of magnitude due to isovalent Ba2+ doping in place of Sr2+. As a result, 5 times enhancement of TE power factor has been attained in Ba
x
Sr2−x
CrMoO6. Charge transport mechanism of these double perovskites is found to be governed by the small polaron hopping conduction model. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra validate the presence of multivalent cations of Mo5+, Mo6+, Cr3+, and Cr6+ in these double perovskites. Furthermore, the detailed defect chemistry analysis suggests that owing to Ba substitution, Cr is oxidized from Cr3+ to Cr6+ oxidation states, which enhances the electron concentration and reduces the low mobility oxygen vacancies leading to dramatically improved electrical conductivity.
Pseudogap in underdoped cuprate seen in longitudinal magnetoresistance
Authors: Malinowski Artur , Bezusyy Valeriy L , Nowicki Piotr
Published: July 2022

We report the results of in-plane magnetotransport study of slightly underdoped cuprate La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 (LSCO15) with Ni impurity. Increasing Ni content y causes a sharp drop in longitudinal magnetoresistance (LMR) in LSCO15 to broaden and move towards higher temperatures. Temperature

T

m
L
M
R

(
y
)

of this local maximum in LMR coincides with temperature

T

d
e
v

(
y
)

, below which ideal resistivity from the parallel-resistor model deviates from its T
2-dependence. A direct comparison with the hole doping evolution of pseudogap (PG) in La

2
−
x

Sr
x
CuO4 (LSCO), possible through the mobile-carrier concentration extracted from the thermopower measurements, allows to equate both characteristic temperatures

T

m
L
M
R

≅

T

d
e
v

with PG opening temperature

T

∗

. The rate of PG closing by magnetic field parallel to the CuO2 plane, in measurements up to 9 T, is consistent with spin-paramagnetic effect in this configuration and yields PG closing field B

pc
close to the second critical field

B

c
2

predicted for superconducting gap with the help of Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory. The field anisotropy of B

pc
suggests that orbital degrees of freedom also play a role in PG formation.
Ferroelectric control of band alignments and magnetic properties in the two-dimensional multiferroic VSe2/In2Se3
Authors: Hu Chen , Chen Ju , Du Erwei , Ju Weiwei , An Yipeng , Gong Shi-Jing
Published: July 2022

Our first-principles evidence shows that the two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic VSe2/In2Se3 experiences continuous change of electronic structures, i.e. with the change of the ferroelectric (FE) polarization of In2Se3, the heterostructure can possess type-I, -II, and -III band alignments. When the FE polarization points from In2Se3 to VSe2, the heterostructure has a type-III band alignment, and the charge transfer from In2Se3 into VSe2 induces half-metallicity. With reversal of the FE polarization, the heterostructure enters the type-I band alignment, and the spin-polarized current is turned off. When the In2Se3 is depolarized, the heterostructure has a type-II band alignment. In addition, influence of the FE polarization on magnetism and magnetic anisotropy energy of VSe2 was also analyzed, through which we reveal the interfacial magnetoelectric coupling effects. Our investigation about VSe2/In2Se3 predicts its wide applications in the fields of both 2D spintronics and multiferroics.
Investigation of beam delivery time for synchrotron-based proton pencil beam scanning system with novel scanning mode
Authors: Liang Xiaoying , Liu Chunbo , Furutani Keith M , Shen Jiajian , Bues Martin , Dougherty Jingjing M , Li Heng , Parisi Alessio , Shrestha Deepak K , Yaddanpudi Sridhar , Beltran Chris
Published: July 2022

Objective. To investigate synchrotron-based proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) beam delivery time (BDT) using novel continuous scanning mode. Approach. A BDT calculation model was developed for the Hitachi particle therapy system. The model was validated against the measured BDT of 36 representative clinical proton PBS plans with discrete spot scanning (DSS) in the current Hitachi proton therapy system. BDTs were calculated with the next generation using Mayo Clinic Florida system operating parameters for conventional DSS, and novel dose driven continuous scanning (DDCS). BDTs of DDCS with and without Break Spots were investigated. Main results. For DDCS without Break Spots, the use of Stop Ratio to control the transit dose largely reduced the beam intensity and consequently, severely prolonged the BDT. DDCS with Break Spots was able to maintain a sufficiently high beam intensity while controlling transit dose. In DDCS with Break Spots, tradeoffs were made between beam intensity and number of Break Spots. Therefore, BDT decreased with increased beam intensity but reached a plateau for beam intensity larger than 10 MU s−1. Averaging over all clinical plans, BDT was reduced by 10% for DDCS with Break Spots compared to DSS. Significance. DDCS with Break Spots reduced BDT. DDCS has the potential to further reduce BDT under the ideal scenario which requests both stable beam intensity extraction and accurately modelling the transit dose. Further investigation is warranted.
Self-organized patterns at the plasma–liquid anode interface in a helium glow discharge: temporal development and mechanisms
Authors: Srivastava Tanubhav , Simeni Marien Simeni , Nayak Gaurav , Bruggeman Peter J
Published: July 2022

Self-organization at the plasma–liquid anode interface is a commonly observed phenomenon for atmospheric pressure glow plasmas, resulting in patterns with distinctive shapes such as circular ring, star-shaped, and gear-like structures, depending primarily on the discharge current and solution conductivity. Recent studies have shown that the electrode gap distance, solute used for liquid anode solution, and gas composition can also significantly impact pattern formation. Nonetheless, an overarching model or explanation of the key underlying mechanisms consistent with all experimentally observed trends is not yet reported. We propose a key underlying mechanism enabling pattern formation motivated by a detailed parametric study of pattern formation complemented by the temporal development of patterns and consistent with all observed trends. Pattern formation was observed to be on a time scale of 100 μs, similar to the time scales of gas heating and evaporation. It was found that a minimum water evaporation rate of (3.5 ± 0.5) × 10−6 kg s−1 and reduced electric field in the positive column of 16.6 ± 0.4 Td is required for pattern formation in the investigated cases irrespective of solution conductivity and gas composition for NaCl solutions. Nonetheless, the presence of cations for which the corresponding metal atom has a low ionization energy was identified as a necessary condition for pattern formation. The reported results suggest that the presence of a small amount of metal atoms in the gas phase with low ionization energy enhances the overall ionization rate in the near anode region which triggers pattern formation.
Analysis and optimization of self-powered parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Zhang Bin , Liu Hongsheng , Hu Bingxin , Zhou Shengxi
Published: July 2022

Due to its strong environmental robustness and high energy density, piezoelectric energy harvesting is considered one of the most promising methods to power wireless sensor nodes under extreme conditions. The interface circuit is essential to a piezoelectric energy harvester to reduce internal energy dissipation, achieve impedance matching, and improve energy conversion efficiency. Existing researches show that a parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (P-SSHI) interface circuit compared with a standard energy harvesting (SEH) circuit can significantly improve the output power. Therefore, this paper proposes a self-powered optimized PSSHI (SP-OPSSHI) circuit, which adopts a new peak detection switching circuit to replace the switches in the P-SSHI circuit. It can realize switch control without an external starting power supply, i.e. cold start. Compared with an existing self-powered PSSHI (SP-PSSHI) circuit, it can effectively eliminate the ‘second inversion’ phenomenon caused by the parasitic capacitors of transistors after the voltage inversion process. The cause and effect of ‘second inversion’ on energy harvesting are analyzed in this study. Then, the working principle and process of the optimized circuit are discussed, and energy harvesting under the ideal state is conducted. Finally, the SP-OPSSHI circuit is developed and tested. The experimental waveforms show that the SP-OPSSHI circuit compared with the SP-PSSHI circuit can significantly reduce the impact of parasitic capacitors in the energy harvesting process. The output performance of the SP-OPSSH circuit is tested with the variation of resistance. The experimental results indicate that the SP-OPSSHI circuit has an optimal load resistance of 350 kΩ, achieving a maximum harvested power being 2.91 times that of the SEH circuit.
A miniaturized high isolation printed diplexer model based on band pass filter technique for 4G-LTE/5G-Sub 6 GHz applications
Authors: Slimani A. , Das Sudipta , Madhav B.T.P. , El Alami A. , Bennani S.D. , Jorio M.
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the design of a high isolation
miniaturized compact diplexer model based on Band-Pass Filter
technique, which is intended especially for a lower band
[1.7 GHz to 1.9 GHz] fixed for 4G-LTE and a
higher band [3.4 GHz to 3.8 GHz] fixed for
5G Sub-6 GHz. The designed diplexer is very compact with an overall
size of 11× 36.49 mm2. The proposed design
method is implemented by directly combining two band pass filters
(BPFs) with separated electric and magnetic coupling distribution
and designed with planar structures on a Rogers RT/duroid 6010LM
substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 10.2, which
simplifies significantly the design process of diplexer. The
performance of this structure is presented and discussed in terms of
its important characteristics: Impedance matching, Transmission
losses and Isolation. Good agreements between simulated and measured
results are achieved, which successfully verifies the proposed
design method.
Gaussian quantum estimation of the loss parameter in a thermal environment
Authors: Jonsson Robert , Di Candia Roberto
Published: July 2022

Lossy bosonic channels play an important role in a number of quantum information tasks, since they well approximate thermal dissipation in an experiment. Here, we characterize their metrological power in the idler-free and entanglement-assisted cases, using respectively single- and two-mode Gaussian states as probes. In the problem of estimating the loss parameter, we study the power-constrained quantum Fisher information (QFI) for generic temperature and loss parameter regimes, showing qualitative behaviours of the optimal probes. We show semi-analytically that the two-mode squeezed-vacuum state optimizes the QFI for any value of the loss parameter and temperature. We discuss the optimization of the total QFI, where the number of probes is allowed to vary by keeping the total power constrained. In this context, we elucidate the role of the ‘shadow-effect’, or passive signature, for reaching a quantum advantage. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the quantum illumination and quantum reading protocols.
Entanglement monotones from complementarity relations
Authors: Basso Marcos L W , Maziero Jonas
Published: July 2022

Bohr’s complementarity and Schrödinger’s entanglement are two prominent physical characters of quantum systems. In this article, we formally connect them. It is known that complementarity relations for wave-particle duality are saturated only for pure, single-quanton, quantum states. For mixed states, the wave-particle quantifiers never saturate a complementarity relation and can even reach zero for a maximally mixed state. To fully characterize a quanton, it is not enough to consider its wave-particle aspect; we have also to regard its quantum correlations with other systems. Here we prove that for any complete complementarity relation involving predictability and visibility measures that satisfy the criteria established in the literature, the corresponding quantum correlations are entanglement monotones. Therefore, we formally connect entanglement monotones with complementarity relations without appealing to a particular measure.
An influence of a load coefficient in refrigeration chambers on carrots preservation
Authors: Nikolaeva M A , Eliseeva L G , Gribova N A
Published: July 2022

The following paper represents a study of one of a significant factor in fruit and vegetable products preservation - the load coefficient of refrigeration chambers, and based on the authors’ experimental study of carrots preservation in storages with 50 and 30% load, which is most typical of spring storage of root crops. The problem of fruits and vegetables preservation dependence on the load factor of storages has not been considered enough in scientific literature, which was confirmed in the review of literature sources in this field. Also it has been revealed that the load factor of chambers has a significant effect on the output of standard products, registered losses and natural loss. The especially negative effect of underloading the chambers (by 70%) is shown in the spring period (when they already were storaged for 6 months). At once, the load factor influence on preservation of mechanically damaged carrots is more remarkable than that for undamaged ones. Placing carrots in polyethylene bags or plastic boxes when loading the chambers can moderate the negative impact of underload – a situation which commonly occurs after 3 months of storage due to the sale of root crops and partial unload in refrigeration chambers. In addition, it was found that long-term storage of products in refrigerated chambers with a low load factor not only worsens conditions of carrots, but also increases operating costs, which reduces storage economic efficiency.
The technology of functional rye-wheat bread with oat flour
Authors: Temnikova O E
Published: July 2022

The technology of functional rye-wheat bread with oat flour is researched in this study. Oat flour has some useful properties. Microbiological analysis of sourdough used in production of rye-wheat bread was conducted. One control sample and five test samples of bread were made. Control sample contains wheat flour, rye flour, salt, yeast, water and sourdough. Test samples contain 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 % of oat flour as well as wheat and rye flours. Sensory and physical-chemical properties of test samples were determined. Each sample was rated on a five-point scale by five quality indicators which are taste, colour, aroma, texture and bread surface. Specific loaf volume, acidity, moisture content and porosity were determined. It was revealed that along with increasing of oat flour mass, the porosity and specific loaf volume of the bread samples decrease. Acidity and moisture content of control and test samples are the same. The content of nutrients in test samples with oat flour was calculated.
Encapsulation of curly parsley extract and its use in creating functional drinks
Authors: Sergeeva I U , Starovoitova K V , Dolgolyuk I V , Kiseleva T F , Tereshchuk L V , Ryabokoneva L A
Published: July 2022

Drinks are the most suitable matrix for including biologically active ingredients, which opens prospects for expanding the range of functional and preventive foods. World science knows and has proven many functional properties of flavonoids and their effectiveness in treating and preventing various diseases. Therefore, flavonoids are among the most sought-after functional ingredients widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, their use is limited due to their low bioavailability, low solubility, low stability, and off-target release. Various methods of encapsulation of biologically active substances have been developed. The work aims to develop a functional soft drink with the optimization of the method of introducing biologically active substances into the drink's composition to ensure the preservation of the beneficial properties of the drink during production and storage. A concentrate of biologically active substances isolated from the curly parsley leaves grown in the Russian Federation's Kemerovo region was used as a functional ingredient. The composition of the resulting concentrate was investigated. Also, the research objects were collagen substances obtained from fish waste and sea buckthorn juice concentrate, used as functional ingredients of the drink. The process of obtaining a collagen substance that performs both technological functions in capsules and the role of a functional ingredient has been investigated. Encapsulation of functional ingredients was carried out. As a result of research, a functional non-alcoholic drink formulation was obtained with sea buckthorn juice and an encapsulated extract of biologically active substances from curly parsley (Petroselinum crispum). One serving of the drink contains 1 g of collagen and 40 mg of flavonoids. These results allow calling the product functional and recommend it for inclusion in the diets of a healthy population to improve health and prevent diseases.
Application of microwave heating in the production of homogeneous paste from the fruits of small-fruited apple trees
Authors: Tipsina N N , Koch D A , Khizhnyak S V , Demidenko G A , Koch J A , Strupan E A
Published: July 2022

The paper presents data on the chemical, physical and microbiological changes during storage of paste from the fruits of small-fruited apple trees processed with microwaves. After six month of storage the content of water soluble solids increased 1.02 times (from 21.50 % to 21.93 %). The sugar-acid index decreased 1.23 times (from 10.25 % to 8.35 %); the titratable acidity increased 1.13 times (from 9.92 g/dm3 to 11.21 g/dm3). The mass fraction of pectin substances decreased 2.51 times (from 2.31 % to 0.92 %) and the content of Vitamin C decreased 1.26 times (from 24.1 mg/100 g to 19.12 mg/100 g). The number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms did not exceed 200 colony-forming units (CFU) per gram. The number of yeasts did not exceed 260 CFU/g and the number of filamentous fungi did not exceed 620 CFU/g. No pathogenic or facultative pathogenic bacteria were found during all the period of storage.
Microwave lupine seeds treatment modes on the germination ability
Authors: Vendin S V
Published: July 2022

Electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields can be successfully applied in various processes of agricultural production. To improve the sowing properties, seeds of various crops are subjected to special treatment. Research shows that treating seeds with the energy of electromagnetic fields also increases the germination capacity of seeds. However, the effect of treatment depends on the level of influencing factors. Therefore, it is very important to observe the correct treatment regimes (exposure parameters). The article presents the results of experimental studies to assess the influence of the microwave power intensity and exposure duration onto the sowing properties of lupine seeds. Based on the processing of experimental data, regression equations were obtained that take into account the effect of the magnitude of the specific microwave power of exposure and exposure on the ability of lupine seeds to germinate. The experiment showed that with the help of microwave treatment it is possible to obtain not only the effect of stimulation, but also the inhibition of plant growth. Regimes have been also identified in which seeds are insensitive to microwave treatment. At the same time, modes have been identified in which a stimulating effect manifested itself, as well as areas of insensitivity and negative impact. At the same time, it can be unambiguously asserted that an increase in exposure to microwave exposure is most pronounced at higher values of specific microwave power. Compared to the results of processing wheat seeds, to stimulate lupine seeds, it is necessary to provide higher values of the specific power of microwaves and exposure. The best processing result was obtained at a specific power level of 1.17 kW/kg and an exposure of 60 s. Therefore, this mode can be recommended for pre-sowing microwave treatment of lupine seeds.
Development of a new technology for the production of food-grade soybean meal
Authors: Smychagin E O , Polyakova Y A , Mustafaev S K
Published: July 2022

A mandatory technological operation for the production of food-grade protein products is the dehulling of soybean seeds in order to increase the mass fraction of protein in the soybean oil cake or soybean meal. When the content of the processed hull in the soybean kernels decreases, more soybean kernels are removed and more soy oil is lost together with removed hulls. The aim of this work is to develop an effective technology of separating hulls from cracked soybeans with minimal oil losses and to determine the quality indicators of oil and soybean meal obtained from the kernel fraction. A pilot industrial plant with a maximum productivity of 1000 kg/h of soybean seeds has been developed including a crusher for dehulling soybean seeds, innovative pneumatic separators of the author's design for a two-stage separation of hulls from cracked seeds, a press-extruder for the production of oil and soybean meal from the kernel fraction. Effective technological modes of gradual separation based on innovative pneumatic separators of soybean hulls from cracked soybeans have been developed, which ensure the minimum hull content in the kernel fraction and minimal oil losses, namely. The specific load on the receiving sieve of the first stage pneumatic separator is 18,5 kg /(cm/h), the air flow rate in the upper part of the vertical aspiration channel of the pneumatic separator of the first stage is 3,31 m/s, and 2,71 m/ s in the second stage separator correspondingly. It is shown that when processing soybean seeds of similar quality, the hull content in the kernel fraction obtained at a pilot industrial plant according to the developed technology is lower in comparison with the literature data presented for a modern foreign line when other efficiency indicators are similar. When soybean seeds are processed by pressing method at a pilot industrial plant for dehullling based on the newly developed technology, unrefined premium soybean oil and soybean meal are obtained in accordance with the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents.
Use of a complex of biologically active additives in complete compound feed for farm animals
Authors: Drannikov A V , Iskusnykh A Yu , Derkanosova A A , Torshina A A , Kurchaeva E E , Shevtsov A A
Published: July 2022

In the organization of scientifically grounded feeding of farm animals, the use of compound feed balanced in terms of basic nutrients ensures an increase in the productivity of animals by 10-12%, and when enriched with biological additives that contribute to the safety of livestock, an increase in the physiological status and productivity of animals, their effectiveness increases by 25-30 %. There is the issue of providing the population with high-quality livestock products, which can only be obtained with adequate feeding, which contributes to the intensity of animal growth, productivity and a decrease in feed costs per unit of production. An important WHO recommendation is to limit the consumption of processed and red meat products, due to the increased risk of developing cancer of the gastrointestinal tract in humans. One of the alternatives to red meat is rabbit meat. Rabbit meat is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which interfere with carcinogenesis, inducing apoptosis, controlling the cell cycle and eicosanoid production, and also inducing antiproliferative effects. The main problem in industrial rabbit breeding is maintaining a high immune status of rabbits to increase the safety of livestock, productivity and meat quality. The use of non-traditional biologically active additives from agroindustrial complex waste in the composition of compound feed has been insufficiently studied. It is necessary to qualitatively change the nature of the feed base through the creation and use of effective biologically active feed additives and probiotics that have a protective effect and the ability to optimize the metabolic processes of the body, treat and prevent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It is possible to restore normal intestinal microflora, improve the bioavailability of nutrients in compound feed and increase safety of livestock without the use of antibiotics for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the action of biologically active additives in the composition of feed for the development of rabbit breeding is of undoubted scientific and practical importance.
Gluten-free raw materials in the technology of instant pasta
Authors: Cyganova T B , Nikolaeva Yu V , Tarasova V V , Vadovskij I K , Rechkin I V , Smirnov D A
Published: July 2022

In this work, the possibility of producing instant pasta products from unconventional raw materials was considered. These raw materials do not contain wheat gliadin or proteins with similar properties (secalin, hordein, avenin). Rice, buckwheat and soybean flours were selected as raw materials for the study. In the course of the work, laboratory studies were carried out to identify structure formers and plasticizers, as well as their optimal dosages and ratios, capable of imitating the properties of wheat gluten in pasta prepared according to a traditional recipe. The choice of food additives was based on the results of the analysis of their influence on the physicochemical properties of semi-finished and finished products, as well as on the technological parameters of production. On the basis of the conducted studies of nutritional value, physical and chemical properties and organoleptic characteristics of the samples of instant pasta from non-traditional raw materials were studied. A conclusion was made about the prospects of using non-traditional raw materials in the production of this type of products. 14 recipes were developed based on mixtures of rice, buckwheat and soy flour. Instant pasta made from gluten-free raw materials with the use of structuring agents is characterized by the best values for the proportion of dry substances passing into the cooking water during brewing and a higher protein content, as well as a lower fat content in the finished product in comparison with instant pasta made from wheat flour. The organoleptic analysis of the prepared samples of pasta showed the possibility of creating a product that surpasses the traditional one in terms of not only physical and chemical properties and nutritional value, but also the best taste, texture, smell and colour.
Stepwise cooling and thickness of sliced pineapple fruit in subcooling tolerance
Authors: Dibirasulaev M A , Belozerov G A , Dibirasulaev D M , Donetskikh A G , Umaralieva L B
Published: July 2022

Chilled foods have a number of nutritional and biological advantages over frozen foods. Consumer preferences for chilled foods are based on the fact that they are less processed and more suitable for cooking than frozen foods. Numerous studies on cold preservations of foods proposed alternative methods of extending shelf life, including those based on subcooling (cooling below normal boiling point without phase change). Analytical studies show that subcooling has a number of advantages for extending shelf life of foods. An advantageous aspect of supercooled food storage involves lower energy costs for its industrial application, compared to partially frozen storage. Storing foods in a temperature range from cryoscopic to nucleation is called NFTS (near freezing temperature storage). Biochemical, microbiological and organoleptic indicators confirmed extended shelf life of plants stored through NFTS technology. The paper presents the findings to evaluate the effect of step cooling and the thickness of sliced pineapple on subcooling and storage persistence. A series of experimental studies indicate a significant distinction between cryoscopic and maximum supercooling temperature of pineapple slices, subject to geometry and availability of packaging, and a relationship between cooling rates, degree of subcooling and subcooling tolerance in pineapples.
The use of whole-ground amaranth flour in the production of bread
Authors: Smirnova T B , Temereva I V , Tolstoguzova T T
Published: July 2022

Currently, in order to ensure proper nutrition and improve the health of Russians, the range of high-quality products is actively expanding as a result of the development and implementation of technologies for the production of "healthy" food products using non-traditional sources of plant raw materials with valuable chemical composition, high nutritional and biological significance. One of the variants of the unique vegetable raw materials is amaranth - a promising crop for improving the quality of bakery products due to the unique chemical composition. The article presents the results of laboratory experiments with amaranth seeds. The research was carried out in order to obtain high-quality bread with the use of domestic fortifiers and the possible expansion of the range of food products with useful properties. The objects of research were selected samples of bread prepared with the replacement of part of wheat flour with amaranth flour. Generally accepted standard research methods were used. Data on the gas-forming ability, humidity, gluten content, porosity and titratable acidity of experimental samples are given. It is noted that the use of whole-ground flour from amaranth seeds as an additive to wheat flour in the formulation of wheat-free bread with an optimal ratio of ingredients has a positive effect on the quality of the final product. It is confirmed that the use of whole grain flour from amaranth seeds increases the nutritional and biological value of bread, and also gives the product dietary properties.
Optimization of packaging for prolongation of the keeping period of sublimated food products in Syria
Authors: Alkhair A , Krasnova E S , Gubanova M I , Bannikova O A , Filinskaya J A
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the research for selection of a packaging material for sublimated food products that can provide prolongation of their expiration date. There were most perspective film polymeric materials in smells, organic solvents vapors and ultraviolet rays penetrating. Physical and mechanical properties and vapor transmission of polymeric materials were estimated. Strawberry was chosen as a model of sublimated products. An experiment on sublimate drying of strawberry, its packaging in more perspective films (6 variants) and keeping during 39 days was conducted. The data on mass change of sublimated products during their keeping period was presented. On the ground of the experiment results the most perspective variant for keeping sublimated products in Syria was chosen.
Use of yacon in the technology of bread of graded wheat flour
Authors: Derkanosova N M , Vasilenko O A , Shelamova S A , Derkanosov N I
Published: July 2022

Expanding the range of raw ingredients with high concentration of nutrients that are deficient in the diets of the population is in line with modern trends in the field of healthy nutrition. These raw materials include yacon, which is known for its high inulin content, which, during storage or hydrolytic cleavage, is converted to fructose and other compounds in the form of fructans. The rationale for the choice of recipe composition of bread from graded wheat flour with the addition of yacon powder was carried out according to the results of studying the dynamics of the biotechnological characteristics of the dough and the quality of finished products. As it was shown by the results of the study, the introduction of 3.5% by weight of flour of powdered semi-finished product from yacon into the recipe composition improves the texture, taste, and aroma of bread made from graded wheat flour. 7% addition equates the sample to the control in terms of the structure of porosity, volume and shape, but darkens the crumb and makes the color of the crust more pronounced. 10.5% addition of yacon powder leads to the decrease in the sensory perception of bread
Kinetic and technological regularities of the filtration process of suspensions using excipients in the production of baker’s yeast
Authors: Lavrov S V , Belozertsev A S , Barbashin A M , Nickel S A , Berestovoy A A , Dyakova N A
Published: July 2022

Optimal design and management of baker’s yeast production should be based on an in-depth analysis of individual technological processes. Filtration of suspensions using excipients refers to complex technological processes and depends on a large number of factors. In this paper, the kinetic and technological regularities of the process of filtration of suspensions using excipients are considered. The main kinetic regularities of the filtration process are revealed depending on the thickness of the sediment, the pressure drop, concentration, temperature and microbiological purity of the suspension. The effect of the suspension temperature on the main qualitative indicators of yeast: lifting force, acidity and persistence has been established. The performed experimental studies of the filtration process on an industrial continuous vacuum filter and the analysis of the obtained patterns allowed us to formulate a number of recommendations aimed at effective management of the process, reducing losses during the processing of baker’s yeast. Recommendations have also been developed to reduce starch consumption and increase the cycle of operation of the vacuum filter.