bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Outcome & Cost Analysis of Single Stage Anterior Decompression and Cage Fixation in Patients with Thoracic and Lumbar Tuberculous Spondylitis: A Single Centre Experience Over Six – Years with Comprehensive Literature Review
Authors: FILZA KHAN FAIQA , MUKHTAR KHAN MUHAMMAD , AHMED ZAHOOR , KHAN TARIQ
Published: July 2020

Objective:  For Tuberculous spondylitis (TS) the optimal mode of management for extensive tuberculous spondylitis is still a subject of debate. We determined the outcome for single stage anterior decompression and cage fixation for dorso-lumbar TS.

Material and Methods:  This prospective study was conducted between 2012 and 2018. Worsening or new onset neurological deficit, increasing deformity, large paraspinal abscess and those not responding to anti-tuberculous drug therapy were included. Patients with severe comorbidities (> ASA class III) and recurrent cases were excluded. Demographics, clinical features, radiological characteristics, intraoperative details, postoperative complications and follow-up condition were recorded.

Results:  One patient with mean age of 45.6 ± 14.9 years with 17 (54.8%) males and 14 (45.2%) females. Mean symptoms duration was 71.9 ± 29.4 days. 41.9% had spasticity & 25.8% had sphincter dysfunction on presentation. Half (48%) of patients had a Frankel grade 3 or less bilaterally. Mean length of the procedure was 137.4 ± 19.9 minutes. 19.4% (n = 6) had postoperative pulmonary complications, 16.1% (n = 5) wound infection, 9.7% (n = 3) had worsening of neurologic deficit and one (3.2%) remained static. Graft extrusion and cage subsidence were noted in one (3.2%) patient each. Favorable outcome was observed in 83.9% (n = 26) while 16.1% (n = 5) had unfavorable outcome. Mean out-of-pocket cost was 164677.4 ± 11469.9 rupees (USD: 1187 approx).

Conclusion:  Timely spinal decompression with stabilization at the onset of the Pott’s disease in patients who fulfil the criteria as surgical candidates carries a promising outcome.
Association of Cigarette Smoking with Thickness of Intimal Layer of Carotid Arteries on Color Doppler Ultrasound Study and Its Surgical Management
Authors: ZUBAIR MAHMOOD RANA , YASIN KHAN A. M. , ALI SIKANDAR
Published: July 2020

Objectives:  Aim of this study is to evaluate the intimal vessel wall thickness in smoker and their co-relation with non-smoker and also surgical management of stenosis.

Material and Methods:  It is a prospective study of 55 cases. Study span and follow up duration were 4 months. Our patients were presented with the history of CVA (Cerebrovascular accident), hypertension, diabetes, and headache.

Results:  In all patients, the carotid doppler ultrasound was done and their intimal vessel wall thickness was noted. Our 78% patients were smoker and non-smoker was 22%. In our study, 52% patients had CVA, 41% patients had hypertension, 30% patients had headache and 9% patients were also obese. Forty three smokers used to take 15 – 25 cigarettes daily. Among 43 patients, 5 patients were females. In carotid Doppler study, intimal thickness was increased in 87%, the plaque was observed in 49% and stenosis was observed in 38% cases. In 18 % patients, who had stenosis > 70%, carotid endarterectomy was performed and in rest of the patients medical treatment done.Patients who were chronic smokers and had medical co-morbidities showed greater thickness of intimal layer of vessels on carotid Doppler. In 6 patients, post-operative headache occurred.

Conclusion:  Smokers had more thickness of intimal layer of carotid vessels. Carotid endarterectomy yields good results in case of stenosis more than 70%.

Keywords:  Cerebrovascular accident, Intimal layer thickness, Carotid doppler ultrasound, Cigarette smoking
Far Lateral Transcondylar Approach for Anterior Foramen Magnum Lesions
Authors: MEHDI WAQAS , NIAZ AZAM , IRFAN MUHAMMAD , TASDIQUE SHAHZAIB , MAJEED SAMRA
Published: July 2020

Objective:  To study the efficacy and safety of far-lateral transcondylar approach for anterior foramen magnum lesions with early experience at our Institute.

Material and Methods:  We treated six patients, with lesion anterior to the foramen magnum and posterior to the brainstem and cervical cord in a period of 2 years, March 2017 to March 2018.Initial assessment was made by history and examination followed by CT scan and contrast MRI. All were treated using far-lateral transcondylar approach.

Result:  Among six patients, there were two were male and four were female. Three of these patients had a meningioma while two patients had neurofibromas and one clival chordoma. Total excision was achieved in five neoplastic cases, while subtotal excision was done in one case. There were no fresh postoperative deficits in any of the other patients. One patient had an unexplained sudden cardiorespiratory arrest 18h after the surgery and succumbed. One patient had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) discharge from the wound, which was satisfactorily managed by lumber CSF drainage.

Conclusion:  This approach provides an excellent approach to lesions located anterior to foramen magnum posterior to the brainstem and upper cervical cord. Gross total excision of these benign and malignant lesions is safely possible through this approach.

Keywords:  Craniovertebral Junction, Far-Lateral Transcondylar Approach, Anterior Foramen Magnum, Brain Stem, Chordoma.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kotoran Puyuh untuk Bahan Dasar Briket sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif
Authors: Utami Wahyu , Suhardi Suhardi , Abdurrahman Zakaria Husein
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui pengaruh bahan penyusun briket dari kotoran puyuh dan limbah pertanian dengan tambahan perekat sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2019 di Laboraturium Balai Pelayanan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner Boyolali, Laboraturium Universitas Diponegoro, dan di Laboraturium Universitas Boyolali. Materi yang digunakan adalah briket sebanyak 90 buah yang dibuat dengan 3 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 3 perlakuan, dengan bahan kotoran puyuh dan sekam dengan perbandingan 1:1, 2:1, dan 3:1. Parameter yang diteliti yaitu kadar air, kadar abu, lama bakar briket sampai menjadi abu, dan lama untuk mendidihkan 250 ml air. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan dan enam kali ulangan. Masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 6 briket. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 tahap yaitu tahap persiapan dan tahap pelaksanaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lama nyala briket sampai menjadi abu dan lama untuk mendidihkan air tidak berpengaruh nyata sedangkan kadar abu dan kadar air berpengaruh nyata. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah perbandingan sekam dan kotoran puyuh menghasilkan briket terbaik pada perlakuan perbandingan kotoran puyuh : sekam sebesar 22,5 : 7,5 karena mempunyai kadar abu dan kadar terendah.
Estratégias de uma pesquisa sobre culturas indígenas: o uso do WhatsApp como recurso para produção de dados
Authors: Heimbach Nilva
Published: July 2020

O artigo propõe argumentar sobre o uso do recurso WhatsApp como ferramenta possível para pesquisa em educação. Apresenta os passos percorridos em uma investigação sobre culturas indígenas na Disciplina de Arte, obrigatória em decorrência da Lei 11.645/2008. Constata-se que o recurso é apropriado para produção de dados, por oportunizar a comunicação sincrônica ou assincrônica, favorecendo o diálogo com os entrevistados  em tempos e espaços diferenciados, proporcionando que pesquisador e sujeitos da pesquisa estejam em campo em momentos distintos. O recurso tecnológico possibilitou discutir as percepções dos professores de Arte, suas propostas e as dificuldades encontradas com o tema culturas indígenas.
Pakistan and the COVID-19 challenges
Authors: Manzoor Iram
Published: July 2020

not applicable
Effectiveness of the social communication emotional regulation and transactional support (SCERTS) model based intervention in language development and fostering social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fiaz Hafsa , Rehman Atia Ur
Published: July 2020

Background: Social Communication Emotional Regulation Transactional Support (SCERTS) model is based on studies and has manuals for assessing children and designing individual treatment plans. However, limited research has been done to evaluate the efficacy of this model. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of SCERTS model-based intervention on children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Lahore with the objective to determine the usefulness of SCERTS in promoting language development and improvement in social skills in children with ASD.

Patients and methods: This quasi experimental study was conducted at Roots and Wings autism center, located in Bahria Town Lahore, for the duration of nine months. Children with formal diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, with age range of 3 years to 6 years old. Prior to intervention and subsequently after that, the children were evaluated with the portage checklist in the domain of language and socialization skills.

Results: Participating children demonstrated improvement in their language and social skills after the intervention, as assessed by portage.

Conclusion: SCERTS based intervention can facilitate children with autism spectrum disorder to improve their language and social communication skills.
Functional outcome of manipulation under anaesthesia for the treatment of frozen shoulder
Authors: Arfat Yasir , Anwer Muhammad Umer , Imdad Maria , Usmani Faheem Ahmad , Imdad Sana , Rizwan Shazia , Shafiq Zahid
Published: July 2020

Background: Frozen shoulder is defined as painful progressive loss of shoulder movements with unknown etiology. It is a self-limiting disease with the natural history of 18-30 months but with residual pain and restriction of shoulder movement. Its incidence is 2-5%. Various treatment modalities include benign neglect, physical therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, oral glucocorticoids, distention arthrography, intra articular steroid injections, closed manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) and arthroscopic release of joint capsule. MUA regarding pain control and range of motion is safe, yields immediate results and is very cost effective. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the functional outcome of manipulation under anaesthesia and physiotherapy for the treatment of frozen shoulder in term of safety, cost effectiveness and immediate results.

Patients and Methods: In the 6 months study period, 50 patients with adhesive capsulitis were included by non-probability purposive sampling. Manipulation of shoulders was done under general anaesthesia and after the MUA intra articular injection of a mixture of corticosteroid and local anaesthetic was injected. Postoperatively, all patients underwent physiotherapy. Functional outcome was measured using Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) preoperatively and postoperatively at 1st, 2nd and 3rd week follow up.

Results: Out of 50 patients, 32 (64%) were females and 18 (36%) were males having female to male ratio of 1.8:1. Average age was 51 years and average duration of symptoms preceding to MUA was 4 months and 27 days. The average pain score decreased from 92.52% to 18.08% and the average disability score reduced from 95% to 17.10%, both at 3rd week postoperative follow up. There were no procedure-related complications.

Conclusion: Manipulation under anaesthesia along with physiotherapy diminishes pain and disability, improves range of motion and expedites early recovery of function in patients having frozen shoulder.
Risk factors associated with early variceal rebleed after endoscopic variceal band ligation in cirrhotic Hepatitis B and C patients with variceal bleed
Authors: Nasrullah Atif , Kashif Muhammad , Nasrullah Haris , Saddiqiui Arif Mahmood
Published: July 2020

Background: Chronic liver disease is endemic in Pakistan with esophageal variceal bleeding as one of the important complications and is treated with EVBL. The early esophageal variceal rebleeding is one of the ignored factors which carries the high mortality and morbidity.

Patients and methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Gastroenterology Department at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from February 2016 to February 2017. The Study included total 100 patients and out of these 50 were rebleeding cases while 50 were controls (without esophageal rebleed). Cases and control were matched for age, sex, Presence of hepatitis B and C and cirrhosis. The endoscopic findings of any active bleed and white nipple sign was recorded.

Results: In this study, association of risk factors for prediction of early variceal rebleed after banding in cirrhotic hepatitis b and c patients with variceal bleed was recorded as 58%(n=29) in cases and 12%(n=6) for active bleeding, O.R was 10.12, 68%(n=34) in cases and 14%(n=7) in controls had nipple sign, O.R was 13.05, Hb level <9 g/dl was recorded in 88%(n=44) in cases and 40%(n=20) in controls, O.R 11.00, PT>18 sec was recorded in 96%(n=48) in cases and 4%(n=2) in controls, O.R was 576.00.

Conclusion: Active bleeding and nipple sign, Hb level < 9 g/dl and PT > 18 sec are found to have strong association for prediction of early variceal rebleed after EVBL in cirrhotic hepatitis B and C patients.
Insight into strategies adopted by the residents who passed exit fellowship examination in first few attempts
Authors: Ali Khan Humera Zafar , Ahmad Amina , Ashar Abid , Mahmood Hamid
Published: July 2020

Background: The residents who pass exit fellowship examination in few attempts adopt certain strategies for early success. The lived experiences of residents passing FCPS final examination in few attempts, barriers to success and strategies to overcome those barriers were studied.

Participants and methodology: This phenomenological research study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from June 2015 to May 2017. Purposeful snowball sampling was done. Eleven residents who passed their Final FCPS examination in few attempts, in the last 15 years were included in the study. Semi-structured open-ended interview of the residents was audio-recorded and transcribed. Three themes of helpful factors, barriers encountered and suggestions to overcome those barriers to get through the final FCPS examination and the emerging sub-themes were analyzed and textural and structural description were assigned.

Results: Three themes were based on the aim of study and their related emerging sub-themes were found. The helpful factors included self-directed learning, peer assisted learning, interactive educational environment, rehearsal and self-determination. Barriers encountered were related to learning difficulties, competing responsibilities and physical and emotional burnout. Lastly, suggestions to overcome the barriers were use of multiple technology based learning strategies, developing self-confidence and self-efficacy together with prioritization of emotional and physical wellbeing.

Conclusions: This study found that self-regulation and internal motivation were important strategies for success in the FCPS exit examination. Barriers can be overcome through technology based learning and increased self-efficacy and prioritizing physical and emotional wellbeing.
Predictive value of CA 19-9 in patients with pancreatic tumours
Authors: Abrar Faiza , Riaz Adnan , Sultana Kaukab , Khawaja Tariq Feroz
Published: July 2020

Background: Pancreatic carcinoma is a disease with high modality and has a high incidence of recurrence after surgical resection. The prognosis depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Numerous international studies have reported use of CA 19-9 in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. We planned this study to validate role of CA 19-9 in our local population. The objective of this study is to correlate raised serum CA 19-9 levels in patients with pancreatic tumours to distinguish between benign and malignant pancreatic disease.

Subjects and methods: The present study is a validation study. Thirty-five patients with diagnosis of pancreatic tumor on radiological imaging were included after their informed consent. Data collection forms were filled, blood samples were taken and serum CA 19-9 was estimated by ELISA in Biochemistry department, SIMS. Histopathology samples were collected at time of surgical resection, sent to pathology departments of respective hospitals and histopathological reports collected. All data was collected and analysed by using descriptive method. The study was conducted in Biochemistry department of PGMI and SIMS, Lahore from May 2015 till June 2016.

Results: Out of 35 patients, nineteen (54.3%) were female and sixteen (45.7%) were male. Thirty [85.7%] patients were between third to seventh decades of their life. The mean age range around 47.28. Thirty-four patients had malignant tumor and 1 benign on histopathology. CA 19-9 was raised (>37 U/ml) in 33 out of 34 patients with malignant pathology. The patient with benign pathology had CA 19-9 level <37U/ml (the cut off value). Head of pancreas was the commonest site in 32 patients (65%) for tumour occurrence. Total 28 (82%) patients had adenocarcinoma as the histological type of pancreatic tumour. Cholangiocarcinoma in Periampullary region of pancreas was second in frequency, 4 patients (12%). CA 19-9 shows sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 100% to diagnose carcinoma of pancreas in patients with pancreatic tumour. CA 19-9 has 100% positive predictive value to diagnose benign tumour and 50% negative predictive value to diagnose malignant tumours.

Conclusion: Raised levels of CA 19-9 has an important role in diagnosis of patients with pancreatic tumour to differentiate between benign and malignant pathology.
Assessment of health status of traffic constables: An occupationally exposed group in Pakistan
Authors: Butt Mahnoor Taheer , Manzoor Iram , Ahmad Muhammad , Shah Muhammad Abbas
Published: July 2020

Background: Traffic constables are exposed to various occupational health hazards worldwide. This study is planned to assess occupational health hazards in traffic constables in Punjab, Pakistan.

Subjects and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in different cities of Punjab including Lahore, Gujranwala, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar, Sialkot and Islamabad from March till August 2018. A sample of 384 traffic personals were selected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Retired traffic constables and those with work experience less than a year were excluded. A pretested questionnaire was used to conduct the interviews after taking informed consent. Data was collected and analyzed using SPSS version 22 and presented in frequency tables and charts.

Results: Maximum number of constables belonged to 31-40 years of age group. Among them 98.7% were male, 25% were having education level above graduation. Results of physical health hazards showed that 53% of warden were smoker, 16.14% were known diabetics and 19.53% were found to be hypertensive. Other physical ailments included respiratory problems (23.4%), hearing impairment or loss (15.88%) and various eye ailments (13.28%). Additionally, 9.1% of participants had evidence of lead poisoning, 33.84% complaints of tightness in muscles and 13.72% of headache, whereas 35.7% had met an accident in the last year. Prevalence of stress and anxiety were 30% and 33.33%. Regarding social health issues 36.7% reported that they were unable to give family time and 42.48% felt lack of independence due to their occupation. Job satisfaction was reported by 50%.

Conclusion: The traffic constables in Punjab suffer from a large number of physical, mental and social health issues. Their perception about their occupational health hazards is low and needs improvement through imparting health education.
Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir without Ribavirin for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in Patients with Decompensated Liver Disease
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Ayub Muhammad , Janjua Fawad Iqbal , Bhatti Abdul Moiz , Gilani Nooman
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Background: In chronic hepatitis C infection, hepatic decompensation remained a contraindication to treatment for many years. The direct acting antiviral drugs have shown high treatment success even in decompensated liver disease. This study aims to assess the response and safety profile of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in patients of decompensated cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis C.

Patients and Methods: It was a prospective observational study conducted at Gastroenterology Department of Gujranwala Medical College/ DHQ teaching Hospital, Gujranwala from February 2016 to December 2017.Consecutive patients of hepatitis C with decompensated cirrhosis were enrolled in the study. Sofosbuvir 400mg and Daclatasvir 60mg was given to all patients without ribavirin for a period of 24 weeks. Sustained virologic was taken as primary end point.

Results: A total of 140 patients were included in our study, 122 patients (87%) completed the study, 08 patients (5.7%) were lost to follow up, treatment discontinuation was seen in 06 patients (4.2%) & 04 patients (2.8%) died during the study. 110 patients (90.2%) achieved end treatment response (ETR), 12 patients (9.8%) remained treatment non-responder, 100 patients (82%) achieved sustained virological response (SVR12) and 10 patients (8%) had a relapse of HCV infection.

Conclusion: Once daily oral Sofosbuvir plus Daclatasvir without Ribavirin achieved overall high rates of sustained virologic response in patients with chronic HCV having decompensated liver disease.
Evaluation of anti-arthritic effect of Torilis leptophylla and its comparison with indomethacin
Authors: Fatima Javaria , Shaheen Bushra , Batool Saba , Malik Tooba , Qammar Sheikh Maria , Naureen Saima
Published: July 2020

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune debilitating disease involving multiple joints and organs. Many treatment options are available but all are associated with frequent side effects. Phytochemical screening of Torilis leptophylla has shown the presence of anti-inflammatory compounds like flavonoids, phenols and anthraquinones. This study was designed to evaluate its effect on joints inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis). Indomethacin is one of the oldest and most commonly used drugs for arthritis. It was used as a standard drug to compare with indomethacin.

Methods: This experimental study was carried out in Pharmacology Department, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. Thirty six male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (group I-control, group II-positive control, group III-10 mg indomethacin, group IV,V,VI--100mg, 200mg, 300mg Torilis leptophylla extract (TLE) administered (orally) respectively). Arthritis was induced by sub plantar injection of 0.1 ml Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) to all groups except the control group. Body weight (weekly) and ankle joint diameter (every 4th day) were measured. At day 29 blood was collected and all animals were killed by overdose of ether. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase levels were determined by chemistry analyzer (RX MONZA, RANDOX, Republic of Ireland). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20. One way ANOVA and Post hoc -Tukey tests were applied. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Treatment with indomethacin caused significant (p≤0.001) reduction in all the inflammatory parameters. Torilis leptophylla extract also significantly (p≤0.05) reduced all the inflammatory parameters. Anti-inflammatory effect was comparable to indomethacin.

Conclusion: Torilis leptophylla has significant anti-arthritic activity as it modified the parameters of joint inflammation and destruction.
Prise en charge des états de mal épileptiques en préhospitalier, en structure d’urgence et en réanimation dans les 48 premières heures (à l’exclusion du nouveau‑né et du nourrisson)
Authors: Outin Hervé , Guèye Papa , Alvarez Vincent , Auvin Stéphane , Clair Bernard , Convers Philippe , Crespel Arielle , Demeret Sophie , Dupont Sophie , Engels Jean‑Christophe , Engrand Nicolas , Freund Yonathan , Gelisse Philippe , Girot Marie , Marcoux Marie‑Odile , Navarro Vincent , Rossetti Andrea , Santoli Francesco , Sonneville Romain , Szurhaj William , Thomas Pierre , Titomanlio Luigi , Villega Frédéric , Lefort Hugues , Peigne Vincent
Published: July 2020

La Société de réanimation de langue française et la Société française de médecine d’urgence ont décidé d’élaborer denouvelles recommandations sur la prise en charge de l’état de mal épileptique (EME) avec l’ambition de répondre leplus possible aux nombreuses questions pratiques que soulèvent les EME : diagnostic, enquête étiologique, traitementnon spécifique et spécifique. Vingt‑cinq experts ont analysé la littérature scientifique et formulé des recommandationsselon la méthodologie GRADE. Les experts se sont accordés sur 96 recommandations. Les recommandations avecle niveau de preuve le plus fort ne concernent que l’EME tonicoclonique généralisé (EMETCG) : l’usage des benzodia‑zépines en première ligne (clonazépam en intraveineux [IV] direct ou midazolam en intramusculaire) est recommandé,répété cinq minutes après la première injection (à l’exception du midazolam) en cas de persistance clinique. En casde persistance cinq minutes après cette seconde injection, il est proposé d’administrer la deuxième ligne thérapeu‑tique : valproate de sodium, (fos‑)phénytoïne, phénobarbital ou lévétiracétam. La persistance avérée de convulsions30 minutes après le début de l’administration du traitement de deuxième ligne signe l’EMETCG réfractaire. Il est alorsproposé de recourir à un coma thérapeutique au moyen d’un agent anesthésique intraveineux de type midazolam oupropofol. Des recommandations spécifiques à l’enfant et aux autres EME sont aussi énoncées.
Efeito da ambiência, recipientes e substratos no desenvolvimento de mudas de açaí, em paragominas-pa
Authors:   Geanndro Alves Sabino Feitosa, Sebastião Rodrigo do Remédio Souza de Oliveira, Milena Pereira da Costa Esteves, Vanessa Mayara Souza Pamplona, Alessandra Epifânio Rodrigues, Marcelo Pires Saraiva and Bárbara Rodrigues de Quadros
Published: July 2020

O açaizeiro (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) é uma palmeira endêmica da Amazônia, ocorre espontaneamente nos estados do Pará, Amapá, Maranhão e leste do Amazonas, é considerada uma cultura de grande interesse socioeconômico para região. O fruto é utilizado em diversos processos industriais, seja na fabricação de sorvetes, energéticos ou nas industrias farmacológicas. As descobertas das propriedades intrínsecas ao açaí fizeram com que o mercado mudasse de direção, partindo do cenário regionalizado para outro de escala mundial. o objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar os efeitos doambiente (A1 e A2), dos recipientes (R1 e R2) e dos substratos (S1 e S2) no desenvolvimento de mudas de açaí. O experimento foi desenvolvido no viveiro de produção de mudas da Secretaria Estadual de Desenvolvimento Agropecuário e Pesca (SEDAP), situado no município de Paragominas, Pa. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas. Todas as sementes germinaram durante os 60 dias. Nas condições desta pesquisa observou-se que o ambiente telado com sombrite com 50% de sombra, mais sacos de polietileno preenchido com substrato constituído por terra preta e esterco de gado curtido, proporcionaram um melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de açaí.
The monsarás District community on the island of marajó: Its affinity with artisanal fishing and the environment
Authors:   Wagner Davy Lucas Barreto, Nelson Wellausen Dias, Lidianne Pereira Gomes Lucas Barreto, Gustavo Nogueira Dias, Vanessa Mayara Souza Pamplona, Ademir Ferreira Silva Junior, Carlos Augusto Cordeiro Costa and Eldilene da Silva Barbosa
Published: July 2020

Artisanal fishing is an activity of great importance in Brazil and the Amazon, mainly for the generation of income and source of subsistence. The objective of this research is to characterize the artisanal fisheries of the Monsaráscommunity on Ilha do Marajó and to identify the relationships between these activities and factors related to the environment. The methodology was based on the application of a questionnaire to artisanal fishermen in this community and to carry out local observations. The results show that fishing in Monsarás is carried out throughout the year, from Monday to Friday and can last 6, 12 and even 24 hours a day. The species of greatest value and the most caught are the yellow hake (Cynoscionacoupa) and the golden hake (Brachyplatystomarousseauxii). Labor relations take place through the partnership system and the production of fish is traded in the community itself or to a middleman who works at the place that resells the fish, mainly in the Ver-o-peso market in Belém. Environmental laws known in Monsarás are those related to compliance with the rules of the closed season. Artisanal fishing is characterized by an activity that requires few fishing gear, small vessels and that cause low environmental impact.
تاثير استخدام الألعاب التعليمية والتعلم التعاوني في تعلم بعض مهارات بساط الحركات الأرضية بالجمناستك الفني للصف الخامس الابتدائي
Authors: Nimma Fatima Karim , Dawod Suzan Salim
Published: July 2020

تعد الألعاب التعليمية هي وسيلة فعالة في زيادة سرعة تعلم المهارات والألعاب المختلفة لأن التعلم من خلالها دائماً ما يكون مصدر ارتياح ورضا للمتعلم وهي من الانشطة المسلية المفيدة بدنياً وعقلياً ونفسياً واجتماعياً ، وهناك نوع من التعلم يتطلب تعاونا اجتماعيا يسمح بتقسيم المتعلمين الى مجموعات صغيرة أثناء ممارسة الانشطة التعليمية وهو ما يتحقق في التعلم التعاوني , اما مشكلة البحث من خلال الزيارات الميدانية  التي قامت بها الباحثتان لعدد من المدارس لاحظت عدم الاهتمام بالجمناستك الفني من حيث الاداء بشكل عام في المدارس الابتدائية وعدم استغلاله في تعليم التلميذات بعض المهارات  وقلة استخدام الالعاب التعليمية والتعلم التعاوني وعدم توظيفهما في التعلم , ويهدف البحث  التعرف على تأثير الالعاب التعليمية والتعلم التعاوني في تعلم بعض مهارات بساط الحركات الارضية بالجمناستك الفني للصف الخامس الابتدائي  وإعداد وحدات تعليمية تتضمن الالعاب التعليمية والتعلم التعاوني وتأثيره في تعلم بعض مهارات بساط الحركات الارضية بالجمناستك الفني للصف الخامس الابتدائي قامت الباحثتان باختيار المنهج التجريبي لملائمته لطبيعة المشكلة , اما عينة البحث البالغ عددهم (10) تلميذات لكل مجموعة  في مدرسة نور الشمس الابتدائية المختلطة محافظة بغداد / الكرخ الاولى, وتم تنفيذ التجربة الرئيسة خلال (8) اسابيع وبواقع (3) وحدات تعليمية في كل اسبوع لتكون مجموعها (24) وحدة تعليمية للمجموعتان التجريبيتان , وتمت معالجة البحث احصائيا بنظام SPSS واستنتجت الباحثتان ان كلا الاستراتيجيتان في التعلم وهما التعلم باستخدام الالعاب التعليمية والتعلم التعاوني وكذلك الاسلوب المتبع من قبل المدرسة قد حققا نتيجة معنوية في تعلم مهارات بساط الحركات الارضية قيد البحث, واستنتجت الباحثتان أن لاستخدام الالعاب التعليمية والتعلم التعاوني  الدور الفعال في تعلم مهارات بساط الحركات الارضية بالجمناستك الفني من خلال تفوق المجموعتان التجريبيتان على المجموعة الضابطة في تعلم المهارات وتوصي الباحثتان ضرورة استخدام الاستراتيجيتان  في الدرس لما له من ثأثير إيجابي في  تعليم المهارات الاساسية بالجمناستك.
CFD MODELING OF POLYETHYLENE GAS PHASE FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR WITH INTERNAL CHILLER
Authors: GHASEM NAYEF
Published: July 2020

Polyethylene production in a gas phase fluidized bed reactor is exposed to unstable temperature behavior, and if not controlled properly the temperature oscillation can cause polymer melting and potential plant shutdown (Ghasem, 1999). Accordingly, the present work improves the previous simple mathematical model by the CFD modelling that addresses the prediction of ethylene concentration and temperature profile in entire reactor of the fluidized bed reactor employed for polyethylene production. The CFD model considers gas phase molecular diffusion in the axial and radial directions. Results revealed that the size of the internal heat exchanger mainly the exchanger heat transfer interface area has strong impact on the temperature contour inside the reactor. Ethylene feed rate and ethylene concentration, catalyst feed rate effect the temperature profile inside the reactor considerably. The increase in ethylene concentration and catalyst feed rate strongly influences the fluidized bed temperature. As ethylene concentration increases reactor temperature increases. Proper temperature control inside the polyethylene gas phase is essential fluidized reactor to maintain the reactor temperature below polymer melting point and hence long term operation of fluidized bed reactor without reactor shutdown and temperature excursion above the polymer melting point.
DESIGN OF AN OCEAN WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER – THE PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: JAUHAR ALI UZAIR , SHAM BIN DOL SHARUL , ABDUL AZEEZ ABID
Published: July 2020

Wave Energy Converters (WEC) are devices that harvest the different energies that are associated with moving waves, such as kinetic energy and potential energy, and converting them into useful mechanical and electrical energies. Considering that the ocean and sea are covering around 71 percent of the earth, it is unavoidable to consider it as the main source of renewable energy. This report starts with reviewing a few of the most recent WECs. In the analysis section, it shows a device that functions using pistons to run a hydraulic motor, which then runs a generator in a system. The device is further modified by attaching a rotating mass, which is directly connected to a generator. It is a hybrid device using technologies of both the Pelamis and the Penguin. The power output calculated for the system is 177 kW, which is quiet reasonable considering the wave conditions at Fujairah’s sea shore in United Arab Emirates.
EXTRACTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS FROM MALABAR SPINACH FRUITS AS A POTENTIAL PHOTOSENSITIZER FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL
Authors: FAYE C. MEJICA GLENNISE , UNPAPROM YUWALEE , KHONKAEN PIYAPIT , RAMARAJ RAMESHPRABU
Published: July 2020

The implementation of synthetic dyes gives a better efficiency with higher durability; however, the production process of synthesizing these dyes is more complex, expensive, and involves the use of toxic materials. For these reasons, the production of such dyes can pose harm not only to humans but also to the environment. An alternative for the synthetic dyes is the natural dyes or pigment extracted from plants such as anthocyanin, carotenoid, chlorophyll and many others. These natural dyes are easily extracted from various parts of plants, such as from the fruits, flowers, leaves, and seeds. Regardless of the limited performance of natural dyes, the natural dyes exhibit advantages, including high absorption coefficients, highlight-harvesting efficiency, inexpensive, ecologically friendly, non-toxic, and are easily extractable. Moreover, this research paper is mainly focused on about extraction of anthocyanin dye pigments from Malabar spinach fruits for Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The experiment was conducted using three different methods; extraction of anthocyanin pigments from Malabar spinach fruits: a.) using pure methanol solvent, b.) using 50% methanol solvent, and c.) using 50% methanol & 1% HCl solvent, and the resulted data were 160.81 mg/L, 64.62 mg/L and 77.65 mg/L respectively. It can be concluded that the extraction of anthocyanin pigments from Malabar spinach fruits using pure methanol solvent has the highest amount of extracted anthocyanin pigment, which is 160.81 mg/L.
WORK ACCELERATION STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT ON DESIGN-BUILD PROJECT TO IMPROVE RISK BASED QUALITY PERFORMANCE
Authors: AYUNINGTYAS DITA , DITA RARASATI AYOMI
Published: July 2020

Design-build method has become a more popular procurement method in Indonesia. This method differs from other conventional procurement methods because the design and construction is one entity. All responsibilities are taken over by contractors so that the project outcome expected becomes more comprehensive. Design -build applies fast-track system. The work acceleration implemented during the construction will potentially generate risks on the performance, in this case quality performance. The implementation of risk management is expected to significantly reduce the impact of the risk on the quality performance of a project. The objective of this study is to analyze risks (the frequency and the impact) by identifying factors affecting the success of work acceleration, and thus work acceleration strategy can be developed for design-build project in order to improve risk based quality. This study is a qualitative research with literature study on factors of risks affecting quality performance and questioners given to experts and respondents who are experienced in design-build procurement. Risk factors analyzed in this study are competence of project owner, team leader, and project manager, planning and execution ability, procurement process, scope and nature of the project, work relationship among project teams, project owner’s information, physical factors, and social economy environment. The result of this study is work acceleration strategy on design-build project in order to improve risk based quality performance.
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN SOME PROJECTS MANAGERS CHARACTERISTICS AND PROJECT SUCCESS IN THE UAE
Authors: RAHAHLEH HANY , KASHWANI GHANIM
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to classify the connection between some characteristics of project managers (PMC) that might affect project success in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The literature indicates that, despite enhancement in project managers (PM) roles, instruments, and methods, project achievements have not essentially reached by organizations. This challenge brings questions about the efficiency of some PMC to lead success. A research study was conducted in order to examine the connection between PM characteristics and project success according to collected data from different PM experts’ backgrounds that employed in variable UAE firms.

A sum of 100 received surveys were studied. Correlation then multiple regression assessments were done and discovered a positive connection between PMC and its affecting factors on project success. Also, it suggested that organizations should enable PM to improve by special periodic training and decision flexibility.
Fiqih dalam Perspektif Filsafat Ilmu: Hakikat dan Objek Ilmu Fiqih
Authors: Shaifudin Arif
Published: July 2020

Every Muslim is aware and at the same time believes that all the activities of his life in his capacity as a creature of Allah certainly will not be separated from the signs of shari'ah. There are norms that regulate and bind every activity carried out along with the legal consequences. This rule or norm is commonly referred to as jurisprudence. Fiqh with this meaning is the fiqh that we find in religious practices or Muslim activities every day. But there is one anxiety when jurisprudence is read with academic glasses that require scientific empiricism. This is important to answer in order to provide proof of "jurisprudence as a science" so that jurisprudence is not seen only as ijtihadiyyah products by the sciences developing in the West. This also reinforces that all Islamic education can be used as a reference in living life in the theocentric, anthropocentric and cosmocentric dimensions of every Muslim.

Setiap muslim tentunya sadar dan sekaligus percaya bahwa seluruh aktifitas kehidupannya dalam kapasitasnya sebagai makhluk Allah tentunya tidak akan lepas dari rambu-rambu syari’at. Ada norma yang mengatur dan mengikat setiap kegiatan yang dilakukan berikut konsekuensi hukumnya. Aturan atau norma ini biasa disebut dengan fiqih. Fiqih dengan makna tersebut merupakan fiqih yang banyak kita temukan dalam praktik-praktik ibadah atau aktifitas muslim setiap harinya. Namun ada satu kegelisahan ketika fiqih dibaca dengan kaca mata akademik yang mensyaratkan empiris keilmuan. Hal ini penting untuk dijawab dalam rangka memberikan pembuktian “fiqih sebagai ilmu” agar fiqih tidak dipandang hanya sebagai produk-produk ijtihadiyyah oleh ilmu-ilmu yang berkembang di Barat. Hal ini juga semakin meneguhkan bahwa semua ilmu pendidikan Islam dapat dijadikan sebagai rujukan dalam menjalani kehidupan dalam dimensi teosentris, antroposentris dan kosmosentris setiap umat Islam.
Regulasi Dispensasi dalam Penguatan Aturan Batas Usia Kawin bagi Anak Pasca Lahirnya UU No. 16 Tahun 2019
Authors: Ilma Mughniatul
Published: July 2020

After the revision of the Marriage Law, there was a significant increase in the number of marriage dispensation requests. This is due to the age limit for marriage for women who were raised to 19 years. Changes to the regulation were made to overcome the emergencies of child marriages that occurred in Indonesia. Unfortunately, the increase in the number of dispensation requests was not accompanied by strict rules, so that the majority was granted by the judge. Existing rules, both Law No. 16 of 2019 and PERMA No. 5 of 2019 has a legal loophole that makes marriage dispensation permits still wide open using any reason. This means that the practice of underage marriages after the revision of the Marriage Law will continue to occur if the existing rules do not legitimize the reasons behind submitting a marriage dispensation request. The reasons for submitting a dispensation request must be limited to reasons that are very urgent to avoid multiple interpretations. Therefore, there is a need for rules on dispensation that clearly state the main reasons which can be submitted by the parties and also which can be granted by the judge. This is intended to create legal certainty and minimize the practice of underage marriages that occur due to the dispensation of marriage. 

Pasca revisi Undang-Undang Perkawinan, terjadi kenaikan angka yang signifikan terhadap jumlah permohonan dispensasi kawin. Hal ini disebabkan oleh batas usia kawin bagi wanita yang dinaikkan menjadi 19 tahun. Perubahan regulasi tersebut dilakukan untuk mengatasi kondisi darurat perkawinan anak yang terjadi di Indonesia. Sayangnya, kenaikan jumlah permohonan dispensasi tidak dibarengi dengan aturan yang ketat, sehingga mayoritas justru dikabulkan oleh hakim. Aturan yang telah ada, baik UU No. 16 Tahun 2019 maupun PERMA No. 5 Tahun 2019 memiliki celah hukum yang membuat izin dispensasi kawin masih terbuka lebar dengan menggunakan alasan apapun. Artinya, praktek perkawinan di bawah umur pasca revisi UU Perkawinan akan terus menerus terjadi jika aturan yang ada tidak melimitisasi alasan di balik pengajuan permohonan dispensasi kawin. Alasan pengajuan permohonan dispensasi harus dibatasi pada alasan yang sifatnya sangat mendesak untuk menghindari multitafsir. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya aturan tentang dispensasi yang menyebutkan secara jelas mengenai alasan pokok yang dapat diajukan oleh para pihak dan juga yang dapat dikabulkan oleh hakim. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk menciptakan kepastian hukum dan meminimalisir praktek perkawinan di bawah umur yang terjadi akibat adanya dispensasi kawin.
Relevansi Penerapan Produk Multijasa pada Islamic Microfinance Institutions dengan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Latifah Eny , Fariskasari Cindy Andini
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this was to determine the application and relevance of multi-service products in the form of overseas money transfer services in the Islamic microfinance institutions namel the TKI Artha  Mulya Sharia., as  well as the economy Welfare of the community, especially members of the TKI Artha Mulya Sharia Lamongan. The result of this reseach are the application of overseas money transfer service to the TKI Artha Mulya Sharia is based on the ijarah and  wakalah contracs. The existence of overseas money transfer service greatly affects the welfare of the economy. This can be seen where the majority of the community also work as migrant Workers abroad. So that, overseas money transfer service is most superior service in this TKI Artha Mulya Sharia Cooperative, because this service can help the wider community, aspecially TKI in sending money to the families, because the community is still weak in using the internet.

 

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui penerapan dan relevansi produk multijasa pengiriman uang luar negeri di Islamic Microfinance Institutions yang bernama koperasi syariah TKI Artha Mulya serta dengan kesejahteraan perekonomian msyarakat khususnya anggota Koperasi Syariah TKI Artha Mulya Lamongan. Hasil penelitian adalah penerapan dari jasa keuangan luar negeri pada Koperasi Syariah TKI Artha Mulya ini didasarkan pada akad ijarah dan akad wakalah. Adanya jasa pengiriman uang luar negeri sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan perekonomian .Hal ini dapat dilihat dimana mayoritas masyarakatnya juga berprofesi sebagai TKI di luar negeri. Sehingga jasa pengiriman uang luar negeri ini menjadi jasa yang paling diunggulkan pada Koperasi Syariah TKI Artha Mulya ini, karena jasa ini bisa membantu masyarakat luas khususnya para TKI dalam mengirimkan uang kepada keluarganya karena masyarakat masih lemah dalam penggunaan internet.
Analisis Sosiologi Hukum Islam pada Warung Kopi Lesehan yang Memperkerjakan Perempuan demi Meraup Cuan Maksimal di Jalan Suromenggolo Ponorogo
Authors: Umaya Roin , Nafi’ah Nafi’ah
Published: July 2020

Maximizing “cuan or profit”  in a business is a necessity. Traders often memorize all means in marketing their merchandise. Likewise, coffee sellers on Suromenggolo street or new road in Ponorogo Regency. In attracting customers they deliberately involve "sexy" women to sell their trade. This is a field of research,  researchers go directly to the field to examine gaps that occur, data collection techniques using interviews, observation and data analysis. Various reasons for women to become coffee shop servants on  Suromenggolo street, starting from the low level of education to being pushed aside, the difficulty of meeting family needs is a major factor. While in terms of the analysis the sociology of Islamic law, it was found that injustice in the process of cooperative interaction between coffee shop business owners and the female servants. Even though they are aware of the injustices and dishonesty that occur in reality they cannot fight the consequences of the agreed standard rules at the beginning.

Memaksimalkan cuan dalam sebuah bisnis maupun usaha merupakan keniscahyaan. Pedagang seringkali menghalkan segala cara dalam mamasarkan dagangannya. Begitu juga para penjual kopi di jalan Suromenggolo atau jalan baru Kabupaten Ponorogo. Dalam menarik pelanggan mereka sengaja melibatkan perempuan “seksi” untuk menjajalkan dagangnnya. Ini merupakan field research, yaitu peneliti terjun langsung ke lapangan untuk meneliti kesenjangan yang terjadi, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan interview, observasi dan analisi data. Berbagai alasan para perempuan menjadi pelayan warung kopi di Jalan Suromenggolo mulai dari rendahnya tingkat pendidikan sampai terdesak akan sulitnya memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi keluarga menjadi faktor utamanya. Sedangkan dari segi analisis sosiologi hukum Islam di temukan ketidakadilan dalam proses interaksi kerjasama antara pemilik usaha warung kopi dengan para pelayan perempuan tersebut. Meskipun mereka mengetahui atas ketidakadilan dan ketidakjujuran yang terjadi kenyataannya mereka tidak bisa melawan akhibat aturan baku yang sudah disepakati diawal.
Discovering the Human Heart, the Fall of Medical Science, and Correcting the Mistakes of Human Civilization
Authors: Kamel Emad Faiz
Published: July 2020

Before me there are only two men in all creation who did the cosmic phenomena analysis. The first is Galileo who discovered the earth is spherical the second is Isaac Newton who discovered the laws of gravitation. After that, God closed on the nature for three hundred years. So I am not a discoverer but I am an analyzer of cosmic phenomena. The heart affects the human brain with electromagnetic waves, and not, as medical science deceived us, the brain controls the heart with brain electricity. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves do not send the electricity from the brain to the heart but the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves receive electromagnetic waves from the heart to the brain and all the body of human nature.