bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Bridges over Boa Vista River
Authors: Melo Marcelo , Casagrande João Luís , Patrício Leonardo
Published: June 2022

This work presents the analysis, strengthening and structural rehabilitation of the Bridges over Boa Vista River (North and South lanes on a Highway in the south of Brazil), due to a fire accident caused by a fuel tanker truck explosion. After the accident, both bridges were blocked and the traffic was diverted to secondary roads, leading to major inconvenience to the users and roads administration. Initially a new structure construction was considered, given the apparent damage caused by the large fire. After inspections, laboratory tests and structural analysis, it was concluded that it would be possible to recover the existing structure with the strengthening in specific regions and conduct a load test on the most affected areas. The collaborative work between the Highway operations, inspection team, contractors and structural engineers has reduced the expected reopening time of both bridges from 6 to less than 2 months.
Potential of memory steel reinforcement for shear strengthening of concrete bridge girders with I-sections
Authors: Yaqub Muhammad Arslan , Matthys Stijn , Czaderski Christoph
Published: June 2022

This study was carried out to access the performance of near surface mounted (NSM) memory steel reinforcement for shear strengthening of concrete girders with I-sections. Specially designed/strengthened concrete I-sections were tested in tension and the bond behaviour of memory steel was observed and reported as failure mode, load displacement and strain variation. It has been demonstrated that the memory steel reinforcement has a great potential for active shear strengthening of concrete girders with I-section. The activation of memory steel apply prestress on the I-section that delays the cracking and increases the ultimate failure load. The delayed shear cracking will consequently retain the aggregate interlock mechanism that is the main component of shear strength. Besides the additional strength of the external reinforcement, the yielding of internal stirrups is also delayed that further retains the intrinsic shear strength.

The results reported in this paper are part of a wider study to investigate various shear strengthening configurations for precast prestressed I-girders using memory steel reinforcement and fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs).
Influence of Anchor Length and Drilled Hole on Mechanical Behaviour of Masonry Column Structures Strengthened with Bonded Anchor
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke , Moriyama Hitoshi , Qin Zice , Matsumura Masahide
Published: June 2022

Masonry structures like stone lanterns are collapsed by lateral forces and cracked by deterioration. Some of them should be repaired without changing their original appearance as heritage structures. One way to solve the problems is bonded anchoring, but the design criteria are not established in Japan. Therefore, this paper conducted pull-out tests to investigate the mechanical behaviour of strengthened parts with a bonded anchor. The maximum load and stiffness in load versus pull-out displacement were proportional to embedment length in any failure modes, whereas they did not vary by drilled-hole diameter. Three modes; cone failure, combined failure of cone and pull-out failure, and split failure were confirmed. Since the split failure occurred regardless of embedment length and drilled hole diameter, it seems to be related to initial cracks or compositions and uneven distribution of composed minerals and particles in the strengthened stone.
Mechanical Performance of Treated Bambusa Blumeana (Bamboo) Fibers
Authors: Libre Jr. Roneh Glenn , Promentilla Michael Angelo , Garciano Lessandro , Lejano Bernardo , Winston Oreta Andres , Ongpeng Jason Maximino , Guades Ernesto , Leaño Jr. Julius , Cruz Audric Zuriel , Lopez Luis Felipe
Published: June 2022

Natural fibers are being explored nowadays to provide tensile strength needed in cementitious matrices. To give better bondage between the fibers and the matrices, surface enhancements for natural fibers can be induced through chemical treatments. In the current study, fibers are extracted from Bambusa Blumeana, an abundant local species of bamboo plant from the Philippines. Bamboo slats are pre-treated with varying concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and extracted fibers are treated with 10% aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) solution. Extracted bamboo fibers are subjected to Single Strand Tensile test. It is observed that bamboo slats submerged in 5% NaOH provides better mean tensile peak load. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images shows however that the fibers submerged in higher concentrations has developed rougher surface enhancements. The results can be used for developing bamboo fiber reinforced fly-ash based geopolymer composites and with further studies, can be applied as textile reinforcement for structural strengthening or retrofitting.
Quisi Bridge: a new route for the railway line in Alicante, Spain.
Authors: Sánchez-Solís Manuel , Ibáñez Fernando , Cámara Altea , García Juan Antonio , Monleón Salvador , Lázaro Carlos , Marco Antonio
Published: June 2022

The new bridge on the ravine of Quisi is located downstream of the existing Santa Ana bridge dated on the beginning of the XX century (1915). This steel truss structure has recently been refurbished and stands out because of its historical, patrimonial, architectural and sentimental value. It will be used as a greenway, while the Quisi bridge will carry the new vehicles of the railway line. In this context, on top of the technical and budget constraints, the design team is aware of the importance of finding a correlation of the structures to enhance both civil constructions, that are to be found necessarily close one to each other. Finally, the solution for the new bridge consists of a 370 metres long post-tensioned concrete box girder divided into eight spans (35+6x50+35) and 8 metres wide, with a single fixed point to longitudinal actions located at the third pier with a distinctive A-shape.
Standardization of structural performance monitoring: existing documents and open questions
Authors: Pina Limongelli Maria
Published: June 2022

Structural Performance Monitoring is usually carried out using indicators to assess the current (diagnosis) or future (prognosis) structural performance concerning specified limit states. The assessment requires the definition of threshold values of the indicators that correspond to the considered limit states. Traditionally, the identification of indicators of the structural condition through continuous and autonomous measurements is addressed as Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). In this paper, a critical review of the existing documents on structural monitoring standardization is carried out, and open research issues and practical hurdles related to the standardization are discussed. The review shows that most of the SHM guidelines and technical codes published in several countries worldwide before 2010 only tackle the diagnostic process. More recent documents explicitly include also the decision-making for integrity management. This evolution in the monitoring purpose reflects a change in integrity management objectives, increasingly driven by the optimization of resources allocation rather than by safety requirements. Further to this, digitalization, and the availability of large volumes of monitoring information, open research avenues related to their use as decision support tools for asset integrity management.
Numerical model updating of an aging steel bridge based on a multidisciplinary experimental campaign
Authors: Barros Brais , Conde Borja , Bouzas Óscar , Cabaleiro Manuel , Riveiro Belén
Published: June 2022

A large part of the European bridge stock is reaching the end of its design service life. Currently, several applications for numerical models have been emerged, such as damage detection or structural safety assessment, among others. However, accurate numerical modeling is still a challenge. Model input uncertainties can cause large differences between numerical model predictions and actual measured responses from the structure. This fact makes model updating or calibration techniques essential for the aim of reducing such discrepancies. In this study, a model updating methodology is developed and implemented in an aging steel bridge located in a corrosive environment. An extensive and multidisciplinary experimental campaign was first carried out for collecting the necessary geometrical and material properties as well as dynamic data that will be used as a reference for the calibration process. A good agreement was found between the updated numerical model and the experimental modal data obtaining an average frequency error of 2.09% and average MAC (Modal Assurance Criterion) of 0.97.
Resource efficient reinforcement concept for precast tunnel segments
Authors: Proksch-Weilguni Clemens , Kollegger Johann
Published: June 2022

The global increase in world population and the growing demand of mobility leads to new huge infrastructure projects all over the world. Due to the circumstance, that every infrastructure project is unique and dependent on local conditions the optimization of single structural elements is not that common in the field of reinforced concrete structures. When it comes to building tunnel structures using a tunnel boring machine (TBM), a lot of almost identical tunnel segments called tubbings are needed. Already a reduction of a few centimeters of the tunnel segment thickness, leads to a significant saving of concrete when it comes to tunnel structures with a length of a few kilometers. The thickness of the tunnel segments mostly depends on the design of the radial joints of the individual tunnel segments. That is why the Institute of Structural Engineering of the TU Wien developed a new reinforcement concept for tunnel segments which increases the load bearing capacity of the radial joints significantly. With a patent application submitted, tunnel segments with the new reinforcement concept were manufactured, tested and it was shown that the TU Wien proposal significantly improves the load bearing capacity of tunnel segments.

Due to a presented design approach for determining the load bearing capacity of the segments and a first simplified quantification of the resource saving potential it can be said that the newly developed joint design is a great possibility for constructing tunnels with thinner tunnel segments.
Fatigue-resistant design of modular bridges made of precast concrete elements
Authors: Schaarschmidt David , Flederer Holger
Published: June 2022

Modular construction with precast concrete has been becoming increasingly important for years. While the advantages of conventional precast construction have already been used for decades, modular structures go one step further due to the fact that no in-situ concrete or mortar is required. One way of transferring forces is to activate surface friction by post-tensioning. While shear bearing capacity is largely dependent on static friction, flexural capacity is linked to the decompression of dry joints. Two primary fields of application are bridge structures and wind turbines. Both groups of structures are stressed by non-static loads. In order to design them fatigue-resistant, an in-depth knowledge of this discontinuity zone is required. For this reason, experimental investigations, finite element analysis and probabilistic calculations were coupled in this study. The goal is a design proposal that allows the fatigue-proof design of dry joints.
Vehicle-bridge interaction: Influence of the train type on the dynamic response of bridges due to a train crossing
Authors: Kohl Antonia M. , Clement Kim-Denise , Schneider Jens , Firus Andrei , Lombaert Geert
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the differences between the maximum vertical bridge acceleration during a train crossing when calculated with moving loads and with vehicle-bridge interaction considering a 2D multi-body model. This influence of the interaction is currently defined for the bridge design by an additional damping value, included in Eurocode 1. For investigating the additional damping, multi-body model parameters of 14 real high-speed passenger trains were collected and evaluated statistically as presented in boxplots. This collection builds the basis for the presented results as well as a planned parameter study. The interaction effect is visualized by exemplary resonance plots, showing the overestimation of the additional damping in the current approach for some trains and even a negative additional damping value in case of the ICE 4. Also, it was discovered that there is no correlation of the dynamic bridge response to whether it is a conventional or articulated train.
Stability & Resistance of Hybrid Glass Structures under Seismic & Temperature Loads
Authors: Achillopoulou Dimitra V. , Stamataki Nikoleta K.
Published: June 2022

Glass structural members usually have thinner cross sections compared with other construction materials. This raises stability and failure issues. This paper examines numerically a glass one-storey pavilion in high seismicity zone. The stability, seismic and temperature resistance of the structure depend heavily on the brittle nature and the type of glass. The structural body of the pavilion consists of moment frames assembled by columns and beams, assuming a glass diaphragm roof at the top level of the building. For each structural member a combination of different glass types is assumed in order to achieve an optimization of performance and failure pattern. A base isolation system is also considered. Proper finite element models were used to represent the composite cross sections. The combination of the different glass types, permits forming stable and resistant hybrid composite structures reaching the EC’s target safety levels, avoiding immediate collapse.
Nonlinear soil–structure interaction of retaining walls with pulse-like earthquakes
Authors: Cruz-Chamorro Andrea E. , Luna-Tezna Rafhael , Vidot-Vega Aidcer L.
Published: June 2022

Near fault earthquakes have been distinguished for their probability of having pulse-like characteristics with higher velocity time history amplitudes. This could be significant for retaining walls found in bridges and nuclear power plant buildings. Several two-dimensional numerical models of an embedded wall-soil system were developed in Abaqus® by varying the wall rigidity and friction coefficient between the wall and soil. The friction coefficient was varied from 0 to 0.5. In one model, the wall is very rigid and in the other the wall is flexible with original modulus of elasticity. Seismic pressures in the soil-wall system are evaluated. The analyses are performed considering non-pulse and pulse-like motions that match a narrow-band modified target spectrum for a moment magnitude of 7.70. The objective is to study how the soil-wall system is affected by pulse-like seismic events and how the contact conditions affect this response.
A Thermo-mechanical Coupled Model of Hysteresis Behavior of HDR Bearings
Authors: Tan Yuqing , Igarashi Akira , Dang Ji , Himeno Takehiko , Hamada Yuki
Published: June 2022

The hysteretic behavior of High Damping Rubber (HDR) bearings is significantly affected by inner temperature and hysteresis self-heating interactions, the stiffness of HDR is increased at lower inner temperature. To introduce the HDR bearings in cold earthquake prone regions, a temperature- dependent hysteresis model is of great concern. In this study, a thermo-mechanical coupled model is proposed for HDR bearings. The model parameters are identified from quasi-static loading tests at ambient temperatures of 23°C, 0°C and −20°C, and the validity of the model is discussed based on a comparison of the numerical seismic response of a bridge model using HDR bearings with the hybrid simulation result at 23°C, 0°C and −20°C. An acceptable agreement can be observed between the model and test result at the 23°C and 0°C under seismic loading conditions.
Alternative approach for additional damping in dynamic calculations of railway bridges under high-speed traffic
Authors: Bettinelli Lara , Glatz Bernhard , Fink Josef
Published: June 2022

The consideration of vehicle-bridge-interaction effects can be crucial in the computational determination of realistic dynamic bridge vibrations during high-speed train crossings. In order to implement these effects in calculations with the simplified moving load model, the concept of additional damping of the bridge structure was developed. Besides normative specifications, further numerically and analytically derived approaches are now available for determining the additional damping value. In this numerical study, four different approaches for determining the additional damping are applied to the dynamic calculations of 65 railway bridges. The calculation results are compared with those obtained by applying a more sophisticated multi-body model of the train. The results indicate that applying one of the recently developed approaches can reflect the influence of vehicle-bridge-interaction significantly better than the currently normatively prescribed approach.
Dynamic Analysis and Innovative Design of a Kilometer-Long Highway Bridge under Extreme Landslide Generated Wave Loading
Authors: Jiang Jianping , O'Hagan Sean , Kabir Rashedul , Doniec Jacek , Zhang Qi
Published: June 2022

This paper focuses on the dynamic analysis and innovative design of a 1042 m long highway bridge under extreme Landslide Generated Wave (LGW) impact loading. The proposed bridge crosses a deep and wide river valley which will become a part of a large reservoir after a hydroelectric dam is constructed. A rare extreme landslide event could occur and generate fast-moving waves in the reservoir impinging large forces on the bridge. To investigate the wave impact loadings on the bridge, three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling of wave propagations were completed by hydrotechnical specialists, which were then used to analyze the structural dynamic response and to obtain force and displacement demands for structural design via a time- stepping analysis of the bridge structure. The innovative design included the use of non-uniform single circular-shaped pier columns supported on a hexagon-shaped pile cap with axisymmetrically configured rock-socketed steel pipe piles to address directional uncertainty associated with LGW. The bridge is currently under construction.
Development of an orthotropic composite slab system for road bridges
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Karge Cäcilia , Mansperger Tobias
Published: June 2022

Increases in traffic loads led to extensive fatigue damages to existing orthotropic steel roadway slabs. Reinforced concrete slabs are less susceptible to fatigue but considerably heavier. With the so-called ortho-composite-slab a light and robust construction is developed as an alternative to ex- isting construction methods for bridge decks. The experimental test program planned within the framework of the AiF-FOSTA research project P 1265 [1] is used to determine the load-bearing and fatigue behavior of ortho-composite-slabs with composite dowel strips. The following article pre- sents the construction and the experimental test program.
On the use of Volterra series for modelling of nonlinear self-excited forces
Authors: Skyvulstad Henrik , Petersen Øyvind W. , Øiseth Ole
Published: June 2022

In the following work, three different versions of the Volterra series models have been presented and evaluated for the modelling of nonlinear self-excited forces on bridge decks. Experimental data of a twin deck section model tested in a forced vibration rig has been used to evaluate the models' performance. Self-excited drag force from pitching is studied, and the models are evaluated considering accuracy, computational effort, and robustness. All three models performed sufficient for modelling of the self-excited forces, but the Laguerre model and the regularized model both had their strong points of computational effort and robustness compared to the pure least-squares model.
Semi-Precast Segmental Bridge Construction Method: construction of a prototype and shear tests on cross-frames
Authors: Fasching Stephan , Rath Michael , Huber Tobias , Kollegger Johann
Published: June 2022

The Institute for Structural Engineering of TU Wien is investigating the use of thin‐walled pre‐ fabricated elements, for the construction of box girder bridges. Thin‐walled pre‐fabricated elements, such as double walls and semi‐pre‐fabricated slab elements have been used successfully in building construction for years. The aim of the research project is to create a fast, economic and resource saving construction method for the erection of lightweight bridge girders from segments, utilizing thin‐walled pre‐fabricated elements and post‐tensioning.

The newly developed construction method consists of the following steps:

Highly automated production of thin‐walled concrete elements in a pre‐fabrication plant

On site assembly of box‐girder segments using the thin‐walled elements and standard steel screws

Connection of the segments with post‐tensioning tendons to form a bridge girder

Movement of the lightweight semi‐pre‐fabricated girder to its final position using any chosen construction method as for example incremental launching or the balanced lift method.

Completion of the cross‐section by pumping in‐situ concrete onto the girder in its final position

In the paper, the construction method will be described. Based on this, the planning and construction of a prototype‐segment made from thin‐walled prefabricated elements will be shown. Furthermore, shear tests on double wall elements and thin‐walled plates with steel girders, which are essential parts for the newly developed construction method, will be presented and compared to manual calculations based on the Eurocode 3 for two of the tested specimens.
Load Sharing System Performance Considering Structural Members Contribution in Plate Girder Bridges with Corrosion Damages
Authors: Oura Ryoga , Yamaguchi Takashi , Arimura Kentaro
Published: June 2022

Bridges are composed by many structural members, such as girders, deck slabs, cross-frames, etc., which interact each other to resist various load combinations. In the traditional bridge design method, the structural member is usually analyzed as an independent part/member without considering the structural system behavior.

In present study, a whole-scale FE analysis has been conducted for a steel I-girder bridge system with corrosion damages, considering the behavior of the bridge as a system by removing its structural members one by one. It is found from the analytical results that the deck slab and cross- frames are effective for load sharing when corrosion occurs at the girder end of the outer girder subjected to vertical load. As the damage increases, reduction of the maximum load when the deck slab is removed is larger than that of the cross-frames removal. We have also confirmed that the deck slab and cross-frames work as alternative load sharing paths to each other.
Design methodology for Roads Bridges located on Chilean copper miner roads
Authors: Valenzuela Matías A. , Hernandez Francisco
Published: June 2022

The Manual de Carreteras is the code for the design, construction, and maintenance of road bridges in Chile. This code is applied on highways defining requirements to ensure strength, security, and comfort of the structures and users. Despite this, several roads are located in the zone with special design and operational requirements, for example, productive industries such as Ports, Airports, Forrest extraction, and mining. For that structure, a specific code review and application of particulars requirements have to be considered.

This paper reviews the design issues of a road bridge located on a Chilean copper mine, located in the central zone of the country, in a high elevation over mean seas level and high-temperature variation. First, the proposal design considers the Manual de Carreteras code and the specific loads and geometric design in order to match with the mine production requirements. Finally, a case of study is presented with a proposal design including special truckloads (overweight loads), safety requirement of barrier and solution of clearance, as a guideline for future designs of these structures in the country.
State of the art of typologies of piers and abutments of existing Chilean road bridges, considering the risk of scour
Authors: Valenzuela Saavedra Matías , Lazcano Carlos Gaete , Calderon Enrique
Published: June 2022

Chilean bridges have partially or totally failed due to the scour/undermining of their abutments and piers in the last decade. For this reason, in the last 5 years, the Ministry of Public Works, in reference to its current regulations (Manual de Carreteras Code), in association with Chilean universities, has begun a study on the scour/undermining behavior of bridges in Chile. Within the current maintenance and asset management programs implemented on vulnerability and extreme events, in order to provide an adequate intervention decision, it is necessary to have an adequate cadaster and knowledge of the existing structures, with special focus on the older ones,.

In this framework, this paper presents the evolution of the design of scour control elements in existing Chilean bridges of the 20th century (study of over 300 cases), allowing them to be compared with current design criteria. To this end, detailed design solutions for piers, abutments and bridge foundations from the 1920s to 2000s are presented, analyzing their vulnerability regarding current design conditions.
Resolution improvement of Low-Cost MEMS accelerometer by aligning Simulations sensors
Authors: Komarizadehasl Seyedmilad , Lozano Fidel , Komary Mahyad , Lozano-Galant Jose A. , Turmo José
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, accelerometers are being used in various civil engineering applications. Their versatility made them desirable in many Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) application. A significant issue with their use is the fact that traditional commercial accelerometers are very expensive. Moreover, the low-cost solutions are not very accurate.

To tackle this drawback and to enable low-cost accelerometers applicable to more SHM applications, a novel methodology for improving the resolution of low-cost MEMS accelerometers is presented in this paper. To this end the noise density level of more than one accelerometer was controlled by aligning on the same location for reading the same input wave.

The results of the performed laboratory tests showed that the higher the number of aligned accelerometers the lower the reported noise. Aligning a higher number of accelerometers also improve.

the system's final resolution in frequency domain diagrams.
The Implementation Potentials of BIM in Bridge Maintenance Workflows
Authors: El-Mahrouk Omar , Baumgartner Sebastian , Pfleger Marc-Patrick , Vill Markus
Published: June 2022

The present research deals with the experimental implementation of the BIM method in the field of bridge maintenance in order to identify its application potentials. The study was carried out in cooperation with the municipal department for bridge maintenance in Vienna as part of the “Public Administration 4.0” project. To enable the elaboration, the use case in bridge maintenance had to be limited, which was then adapted for bridge inspection due to the high potential for successful digitalization. The BIM-model was used as a central information hub that continuously collects relevant information and data of a certain bridge structure. It was crucial to integrate the BIM-model into a suitable software application such as PlanRadar and to verify its applicability in the field. As a result, the bridge inspection process could be successfully digitalized and great potential is shown for the use of BIM to make routine processes more efficient and transparent.
Torsional buckling strengthening in cruciform columns
Authors: Hoogendoorn Peter Paul , Ares Gestal Ignacio Fernando , López José Antonio Franco
Published: June 2022

Flanged cruciform steel columns are often used in heavy-duty industrial buildings, with high axial loads and buckling length, to effectively eliminate weak-axis flexural buckling. Consequently, torsional buckling often becomes the governing failure mode under compression. While the effectiveness of twisting and warping restraints has been extensively studied for lateral torsional buckling, much less research is available on torsional buckling restraints in cruciform members.

For this study various FEM-assisted linear elastic buckling analyses have been performed to assess the increase in torsional buckling resistance due to typical end connections as compared to ideal fork end conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that adding intermediate warping restraints is an effective means against torsional buckling. Finally, a simple design criterion is presented for their spacing and dimensions to effectively eliminate torsional buckling.
Fabrication of a device testing bonded joint strength under combined stress
Authors: Kiyono Kumiko , Thay Visal , Nakamura Hitoshi , Horii Hisakazu
Published: June 2022

Recently, growing demand for adhesive bonding to repair and strengthen corroded and fatigue- damaged steel structures requires research on the proper strength of the adhesive joints. However, no standard method to measure the static strength of the adhesive joints is established since the standard methods such as ISO, ASTM and JIS are not directly applicable to adhesive joints. In this study, a test device was designed to develop a simple and inexpensive test method for evaluation of the static strength of adhesive joints between butt-joined steel tube members under combined stress. The static loads were manually applied by using a center hole hydraulic jack and a power wrench. The result shows the value for the elastic modulus of the adhesive determined by the proposed method is slightly higher than the reference value, and the failure envelope between shear stress and normal stress is close to a straight line.
Damage investigation through dynamic characteristics of existing bridge deck panels
Authors: Gohar Sania , Matsumoto Yasunao , Sakuma Satoru
Published: June 2022

Reinforced concrete (RC) deck slabs are often observed to be deteriorated due to reinforcement corrosion leading to horizontal cracks within the slabs which are difficult to judge by visual inspection. This study focuses on investigating damage and deterioration of RC deck panels of an existing steel girder bridge using modal parameters identified through vibration measurements and finite element (FE) analysis. In the analytical models, to incorporate the actual bridge deterioration at different locations, the results of visual inspection and compressive strength test of deck panels were used. Deck panel in a relatively healthy state was chosen as reference. For damaged panels, two models were considered in the FE analysis; first with reduced Young’s modulus and second with horizontal cracks at different locations. The comparison of experimental and analytical results led to consider the possibility of existence of horizontal cracks within the damaged deck panels.
Mandarin Language Material using Artificial Intelligence for Z-Generation student
Authors: Sunarti
Published: June 2022

This aims of research to develop an artificial intelligence-based Mandarin learning media for the millennial generation that is interesting and can be learned anywhere. The content of the latest material determined in this study is a descriptive text of the coronavirus in Indonesia. This study uses the Research and Development ADDIE design. The research data was obtained from the results of questionnaires, and validation of material and media experts. In the initial observation, it was found that 96.1% of students aged 15 – 20 years in Malang City are familiar with the use of technology in everyday life, therefore it is necessary to develop a technology-based interactive learning media that can support teachers in teaching students who are also Generation Z. After testing the material, it was found that this learning media has very good quality that score is 84. This research is also considered capable of making prototypes that have very good quality in terms of media that the total final score is 85.
ADDIE Method for implementation Virtual Reality in Online Course Using Model Project Based Learning
Authors: Sunarti
Published: June 2022

This research aims at implementation virtual reality (VR) in online learning for the Chinese language of learning. Model learning in this research is project-based learning to support media in VR. The development of VR in online learning used the ADDIE method because this research developed a media and for using it, students have model learning as project-based learning. The target of this research is the effectiveness of using VR in online learning to improve the cognition of students. In this research, VR tested by 20 students to get data of student’s cognitive. The result of this research, VR had effective around 78% compared to without using VR.
Teaching Reading Using PQRST Method with Power Point Media
Authors: Huda Feri , Huda M. Alimul
Published: June 2022

The problem with student reading comprehension is that it is difficult to translate reading comprehension sentences, as English contains multiple tenses as well as vocabulary. Many students often find it difficult due to poor grammatical structure and vocabulary. Teaching methods are usually not very interesting for students. They say the instructor uses the traditional method (GTM). One alternative solution to this problem is PQRST with PowerPoint media. This method has been studied to see if it works effectively for learning to read. This study adopted a quasi-experimental procedure using a non-randomized pre-test and post-test design. As a result, it was found that the PQRST method using PowerPoint media is an effective method for reading comprehension instruction because it exhibits better reading comprehension than the conventional method.Keywords: teaching reading, PQRST, PowerPoint
Algorithm Development for Incorporating Soil Physical Properties of each Different Soil Class in a Landslide Prediction Model (SHALSTAB)
Authors: Ramos Verônica , Guimarães Renato , Carvalho Junior Osmar , Redivo André , Gomes Roberto , Cardoso Fabrício , Fernandes Nelson
Published: June 2022

The Shallow Stability Model (SHALSTAB) identifies shallow landslide susceptible areas, combining a steady state runoff model that estimates the topographically induced spatial variation in pore pressures with an infinite slope model for shallow landslides. Although the landslides present a strong topographic control, the variability of the soil properties significantly modifies the model results. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop an algorithm for incorporating soil physical properties for each different soil class in the SHALSTAB model, in order to analyze the influence of these parameters in landslides triggering. This approach allowed the model to have a better performance when compared with SHALSTAB results with constant values of soil properties (simple method). It contributed to a more effective prediction in shallow landslide susceptible areas. Key words: mathematical modeling, landslides, digital elevation model, SHALSTAB model.
Engineering Geological Properties of the Volcanic Rocks and Soils of the Canary Islands
Authors: Vallejo Luis I. G. , Hijazo Teresa , Ferrer Mercedes
Published: June 2022

This paper analyses the engineering geological properties of the rocks and soils of the Canary Islands based on data from field studies, laboratory tests and extensive databases for volcanic materials. Geological properties and processes most relevant to geo-engineering are described. Geomechanical characterization of rock masses and soil deposits including rock mass classification, index and strength properties are presented. Some of the most relevant results show materials of low to very low density and low to very low values of strength and expansiveness. These materials, with an exceptional high anisotropy and irregular spatial distribution, are intensely affected by jointing of thermal origin and large discontinuities due to dykes; cavities and tubes can be also present. Landsliding and slope instability, collapse phenomena and other processes causing geotechnical problems are described. Discussion on the geomechanical properties and conditions that may help to identify and differentiate the geotechnical behaviour of the volcanic materials is included.
Mann-kendall trend analizi ile Sivas ilindeki sıcaklık ve yağış trendlerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: KARAKUŞ Can Bülent , GÜLER Ülker Aslı
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Sivas ilindeki 9 meteoroloji istasyonu için sıcaklık ve yağış trendlerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Her meteoroloji istasyonunun farklı zaman aralıklarındaki sıcaklık ve yağış verileri Sivas Meteoroloji Müdürlüğü’nden temin edilmiş olup, Mann-Kendall trend testi yardımıyla ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar, kış ve yıllık periyot için trend analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gürün ve Ulaş ilçeleri dışındaki tüm istasyonlarda yıllık ortalama sıcaklık değerlerinin istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir artış trendi gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Yıllık ortalama yağış değerleri açısından ise Kangal, Şarkışla ve Ulaş ilçelerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir azalış trendi görülmüştür. Tüm istasyonların genelinde sıcaklıklar artış göstermiş, Şarkışla ve Ulaş ilçelerinde yer alan istasyonlara ait yağış değerleri azalmıştır. Çalışma alanındaki sıcaklık ve yağış parametrelerine ilişkin elde edilmiş trend analizi sonuçlarının, iklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınmanın bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkabildiği düşünülmektedir. İklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınmanın insan faaliyetleri üzerindeki etkilerini en aza indirebilmek ve sıcaklık ve yağış değişkenlerine bağlı planlama çalışmaları için bu iki parametrenin izlenmesi oldukça önemlidir.
BIOFABRICAÇÂO: CULTIVO DE CELULOSE BACTERIANA PARA A ÁREA DE MODA
Authors: Lima Bruna Lummertz , Alves Andressa Schneider , Ferreira Martins Geannine Cristtina
Published: June 2022

A biotecnologia oferece oportunidades estimulantes em termos de alternativas mais sustentáveis para produtos de moda. Uma das abordagens mais promissoras é a fabricação de materiais têxteis a partir de organismos vivos, como fungos e bactérias. Este artigo apresenta uma análise de cinco pesquisas que tratam da produção de tecidos de celulose bacteriana (CB): Biocouture (LEE, 2011), Self-grown Fashion (NG; WANG, 2016), Bio-hacking Fashion (KAWASAKI; MIZZUNO, 2017), Tailor-shaped cultivation (CHAN; SHIN; IANG, 2018) e ZOA (MODERN MEADOWS, 2020). Para selecionar essas pesquisas, foram estudados 28 trabalhos que abordam a produção de celulose bacteriana, localizados predominantemente nas bases de dados Science Direct e na editora Taylor Francis. Consideraram-se para a escolha: a relevância das pesquisas, o direcionamento para a área de moda e os resultados obtidos nos experimentos. Como resultado, apresenta-se uma tabela comparativa das variáveis do processo de produção de materiais de celulose bacteriana. Acredita-se que essas informações podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de novos trabalhos, uma vez que a maioria das pesquisas não apresenta os dados de todas as variáveis
Engineering Legacy Of The Ottoman Press
Authors: KÜÇÜK Serhat
Published: June 2022

Bilim ve teknoloji dergileri, farklı ülke ve dönemlerde benzer görevi üstlenmiş materyallerdir. İlaveten, belirli bir yer ve zamandaki bilimin gelişme süreç ve düzeyini bu dergileri izleyerek tespit etmek de mümkündür. Bu sayede sadece
bilimin düzeyi hakkında bilgi sahibi olunmakla kalınmayacak, aynı zamanda o günkü bilim ile toplumun genel sorunları arasındaki bağlar ve geçiş yolları da ortaya çıkarılabilecektir. Osmanlılarda modern anlamda mühendislik eğitimi
18.yüzyılda başladı. Ancak Osmanlı basınında uzmanlık gerektiren müstakil mühendislik dergileri II.Meşrutiyet’in ilanının ardından görülmüştür. İsminde mühendislik ibaresiyle yahut mühendis yayımcı tarafından Cumhuriyet’in ilanına
dek üç mühendislik dergisi yayımlanmıştır: Genç Mühendis, Osmanlı Mühendis ve Mimar Cemiyeti Mecmuası ve Mühendis Mektebi Mecmuası. Çalışmamızda öncelikle bu üç derginin tüm sayıları temin edilerek incelenmiş ve Osmanlıcadan günümüz
Türkçesine çevrilmek suretiyle içeriklerine dair tablolar oluşturulmuştur. Nihayetinde, bilimsel düşüncenin halka en erken ve en yakın biçimde sunulduğu bu dergilerin incelenmesiyle Cumhuriyet bilimine temel teşkil edecek Osmanlı
bilimini mühendislik ekseninde değerlendirme imkânı doğacaktır.
The Reflection of Walter Benjamin's Messianic Mentality in the 21st Century: The Internet
Authors: GÜLGÖR Murat
Published: June 2022

Walter Benjamin, Avrupa’da önemli değişimlerin yaşandığı bir döneme bizzat yaşayarak şahitlik ederken, sanayileşme ve kentlileşme gibi olumlu olarak görülen gelişmelerin gölgesinde kalan olumsuzlukları da birebir hissetti. Sermaye
birikimini tamamlayan Alman Yahudi ailelerinin çocuklarını “entelektüel bir Alman” gibi yetiştirebilmek için gösterdikleri çabanın aslında ne kadar ‘Alman olamadıklarını’ anlamaları ile sonuçlandığını da yaşayarak gördü. Kendisi
de dâhil olmak üzere, modernitenin yarattığı sıkıntılarla boğuşan birçok insanın duyduğu Mesih ihtiyacına şahitlik etti ancak, kendi Mesih anlayışını ve dolayısıyla dönemin Deccalini de yeniden inşa etmekten geri durmadı. Benjamin
bu inşa çalışması sırasında ihtiyaç duyacağı kavramsal bütünlüğü Yahudi mistisizmi ile Marksizmi harmanlayarak oluşturdu. Benjamin için modern dünyanın Mesihi, tıpkı Deccal kavramında olduğu gibi değişken olmalıydı. Onun Mesihi
bir kere ortaya çıkarak sonsuza kadar aydınlatmak yerine, modern dünyanın yarattığı değişken gereksinimler ve sürprizler karşısında ihtiyaç duyulabilecek her an erişilebilen bir parlama şeklinde oluşacaktır. Bu çalışmada, onun
fikir dünyasında oluşan, Mesih kavramının, bugünün internet tabanlı teknolojileri çerçevesinde nasıl anlamlı hale geldiği vurgulanacak ve günümüz insanının, hali hazırda kendisinde bulunan insani kavramları bile Google üzerinden
nasıl sorgulama ihtiyacı hissettiği ifade edilecektir.
Barriers and facilitators to timely birth-dose vaccines in Kinshasa Province, the DRC: a qualitative study
Authors: Boisson Alix , Morgan Camille E. , Fried Bruce , Shea Christopher M. , Yotebieng Marcel , Ngimbi Patrick , Mbonze Nana , Mwandagalirwa Kashamuka , Babakazo Pélagie , Thompson Peyton
Published: June 2022

Background

National vaccine policies across the world have successfully improved infant vaccine coverage, but birth-dose (BD) vaccine coverage remains low. Countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) aim to include the hepatitis B birth-dose (HepB-BD) vaccine in their national immunization schedule. HepB-BD’s short window for administration – within 24 hours of delivery to prevent mother-to-child transmission – adds to the complexity of streamlined and timely BD vaccines. This study aims to identify and understand barriers and facilitators to timely delivery of BD vaccine in Kinshasa Province, DRC, through individuals’ accounts with different perspectives on the uptake of the BD vaccine in preparation for its future roll-out.

Methods

We conducted semi-structured interviews in seven health facilities across Kinshasa Province from June to July 2021. We purposefully sampled health facilities from the provinces’ five most prominent facility types—private, public, Catholic, Protestant, and not-for-profit. We interviewed decision-makers and/or providers from various levels of the health care continuum, including midwives, immunization staff, heads of maternity and immunizations, and vaccine officials at the health zone and the Programme Elargi de Vaccination (PEV) to understand administrative barriers to BD vaccines. We also conducted interviews with expectant mothers to elicit knowledge and perceptions about infant vaccines.

Results

We interviewed 30 participants (16 informants and 14 expectant mothers). Interviewees were recruited from 7 health facilities, 2 health zones, and PEV. Data analysis was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Our analysis identified 13 constructs (2-3 per domain) related to the success of timely and streamlined BD vaccines. We found significant barriers within and across each domain; most notably, the multi-dose vials of existing BD vaccines determining when facility staff could vaccinate newborns, often resulting in untimely vaccinations; logistical concerns with regular national vaccine stockouts and ability to store vaccines; complex and unsynchronized vaccine fees across facilities; inadequate communication across delivery and vaccination wards; and limited and at times incorrect understanding of vaccines among mothers and other community members.

Conclusions

Using the CFIR framework, this study integrated perspectives from facility informants and expectant mothers to inform national policy and implementation of the HepB-BD in DRC. These stakeholder-driven findings should guide the streamlining of timely BD vaccinations upon HepB-BD implementation.
21st Century Skills-Based Learning: Optimizing Virtual Reality Media through Blended Learning
Authors: Sari Asri Ratna
Published: June 2022

The current educational process, cannot be separated from solutions that are continuously being implemented to realize independent learning. Understanding the characteristics of students, is the main capital to improve the learning process. Generation Z that we are facing today has characteristics that are more adaptive to technology. Therefore, we must move to adapt to their characteristics in order to realize quality learning. This study aims to describe new innovations in the teaching and learning process so that they are in accordance with the character of generation Z. There are a number of 21st century skills, which should be possessed by students belonging to generation Z, as a provision for life in the future. There are a number of efforts that can be made in the current learning period, namely the use of blended learning. The use of virtual reality-based media is one solution. Therefore, the purpose of this article is directed to examine further the relationship between the concept of virtual reality media through blended learning to improve students' 21st century skills.
Pengembangan Media Kartu Kuartet ASEAN pada Muatan Pembelajaran IPS
Authors: Mariani M.Y. Santi , Setiawati Esti
Published: June 2022

This study aims to explain the steps in preparing the design of the quartet card learning media device for social studies learning material for the ASEAN region to improve the learning outcomes of sixth grade elementary school students. The type of research is R&D (Research & Development) with five steps of ADDIE model adoption. The resulting product is a multidisciplinary social studies learning media in the form of an ASEAN quartet card. The subjects in this study were 117 elementary school grade VI students from five elementary schools. The research instrument is a questionnaire and a test of student learning outcomes. Analysis of the data by means of analyzing the level of product validity and testing the gave effectiveness of using the product to improve learning outcomes. Data analysis used qualitative and quantitative analysis.The results of the validity test of the ASEAN quartet card learning media meet the very valid criteria according to material experts with a score of 98%, media experts 98% and learning experts 94%. This indicates that the learning media The ASEAN quartet card that was applied an increase in student learning outcomes and was declared effective in the ASEAN Social Studies lesson content in grade VI Elementary School.