bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strukturelle Kopplung mit unsichtbaren Maschinen
Authors: Esposito Elena
Published: September 2016

Können wir uns Computer tatsächlich als eine Alternative zur strukturellen Kopplung zwischen Bewußtsein und Kommunikation vorstellen? Dies würde bedeuten, daß Kommunikation durch das, was Niklas Luhmann „unsichtbare Maschinen" nennt, irritiert werden könnte, und würde die Notwendigkeit einer Revision grundlegender Konzepte der Theorie nach sich ziehen, wie etwa der Autopoiesis, der doppelten Kontingenz und nicht zuletzt der Kommunikation. Der Artikel untersucht diese Fragen und schlägt vor, Interaktion mit Computern als eine Form der Selbstirritation der Gesellschaft unter Bedingungen hoher Komplexität zu verstehen. Dies hätte die Konsequenz, von einer neuen Form der Intransparenz der Gesellschaft insgesamt sprechen zu können.
Kapital als strukturelle Kopplung
Authors: Baecker Dirk
Published: September 2016

Der Begriff des Kapitals beschreibt ein Kalkül wirtschaftlicher und unternehmerischer Beobachtungen und Bemessungen von Handlungen im sachlich, zeitlich und sozial bestimmten Blick auf andere Handlungen. Der Beitrag nutzt das Konzept der strukturellen Kopplung, um diese Eigenschaft des Kapitals zu beschreiben, denn die Beobachtung und Bemessung von Handlungen findet typischerweise sowohl im Hinblick auf die Selbstreferenz wie die Fremdreferenz der Handlung statt, übergreift also die System/Umwelt-Differenz. Der Beitrag diskutiert zunächst den aus der allgemeinen Systemtheorie stammenden Begriff der strukturellen Kopplung und orientiert sich dann an verschiedenen soziologischen Versionen, die Niklas Luhmann für diesen Begriff entwickelt hat. Das Kapital erscheint als eine strukturelle Kopplung von Wirtschaft und Unternehmen, die beide, und beide in ihrer Systemdifferenz, an die gesellschaftliche, psychische und natürliche Umwelt von Wirtschaft und Unternehmen koppelt.
Von Jaunern und Vaganten - Das Inklusions/Exkiusions-Schema der Α-Sozialität unter frühneuzeitlichen Bedingungen und im Dritten Reich
Authors: Fuchs Peter
Published: September 2016

Das Schema Inklusion/Exklusion bezeichnet einen bedeutenden Aspekt der Kommunikationstheorie, insbesondere die Konstruktion der sogenannten sozialen Adressse, einer sozialen Struktur, die (wie etwa Rollen oder Personen) definiert, in welcher Form oder inwieweit bewußte Systeme als Umwelt sozialer Systeme sozial repräsentiert werden. Die Hauptthese ist, daß die Differenz Inklusion/Exklusion als ein historisches Schema sich unter dem Druck der Evolution verändert, insbesondere im Kontext des Übergangs von der stratifizierten zur funktional differenzierten Ordnung der (europäischen) Gesellschaft. Diese Idee wird geprüft anhand von Mordbrennerakten bzw. Jauner- und Diebslisten vom 16. bis 18. Jahrhundert. Das zentrale Ergebnis ist, daß die sozialen Adressen der Kriminellen, der Gauner etc. einem Prozeß der Abstraktion und De-Individualisierung unterzogen wurden, von dem sich vermuten läßt, daß er ein preadaptive advance der modernen Konstruktion sozialer Adressen ist. Diese Konzeption wird illustriert durch eine kurze Prüfung der Konstruktion von Asozialität oder asozialen Personen im Dritten Reich.
Lenin’s Twist, or the R-Factor of Communication
Authors: Baecker Dirk
Published: September 2016

Identity may be modeled by Spencer-Brownian qualitative mathematics, introducing identity as an argument agreed upon by communication taking place between first-order and second-order observers. The paper uses this notion and its mathematics in order to present a model of the role of Lenin’s Bolshevik party in the Russian revolution and the institution of a Soviet state. The idea is to test the provision of sociological systems theory with a calculus of form representing the concatenation of observations acted upon in social intercourse. Lenin’s twist consists in the invention of an exclusive, conspiratorial, and professional political party as the main actor of revolution. His knot, which strangles the idea of the revolution and many of its proponents, is the necessity of having to accept the state as the battlefield of that party and as the institution that has to fight a war, reorganize a national economy, reinvent Russia, and promote the socialist revolution in a capitalist environment.
Inclusions: Concerning a Theory and Aesthetics of Police
Authors: Vogl Joseph
Published: September 2016

Since the eighteenth century what is known as the ›body politic‹ has duplicated itself in a very specific way. Alongside the models of the social contract we can observe, under the label ›police‹, the emergence of political knowledge dealing with the regulation of social, economic, medical and moral spheres. This tension between sovereign representation and the empirical ›body politic‹ became critical after the French Revolution. The works of Friedrich Schiller may serve as an example of the intense exchange between aesthetic and police-theoretical problems: a quest to mediate between the laws of reason and the scope of empirical forces; and to grasp the economics of a political power which converts the inclusion of the excluded into a new form of degenerate life.
Das Geschlecht des Fußballs – Zur “Polarisierung der Geschlechtscharaktere” im Fußball / The Gender of Soccer – The “Polarization of Gender Characters” in Soccer
Authors: Müller Marion
Published: September 2016

Im Gegensatz zu der sowohl im Alltag als auch in der Sportwissenschaft häufig vertretenen Ansicht, der zufolge der Fußball schon immer ein männlich kodiertes Spiel gewesen ist, wird in diesem Beitrag gezeigt, dass die Geschlechterdifferenz sich erst im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts als zentrale Teilungsdimension des Fußballs etablieren konnte. Aus differenzierungstheoretischer Perspektive stellt sich in diesem Zusammenhang die Frage, wie sich die Funktion von Geschlecht als Inklusionskriterium innerhalb einer modernen, primär funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft überhaupt legitimieren lässt. Vor dem Hintergrund der Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts entstehenden „Polarisierung der Geschlechtscharaktere“ wird innerhalb eines historischen Abrisses die Einlagerung der Geschlechterdifferenz als Ordnungsprinzip in den modernen Fußball dargestellt, die mit dem Verweis auf die unterschiedliche körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit von Frauen und Männern gerechtfertigt wurde. Die faktische Exklusion der Frauen und die Institutionalisierung des Fußballs als Männersport erfolgten in Europa jedoch erst zwischen 1921 und 1955 durch die offiziellen Verbote der nationalen Fußballverbände. Die Aufhebung der Verbote Anfang der 1970er Jahre stellt weniger eine (segregierte) (Re-)Inklusion der Frauen in den Fußball als vielmehr die Erfindung einer „neuen“ Sportart, des Frauenfußballs, dar.
Sportgeographie – Sport aus der Tiefe des Raumes / Sports Geography – Sport from the Deepness of Space
Authors: Peters Christian
Published: September 2016

Die Sportgeographie als ein noch sehr junges Teilgebiet der Sportwissenschaft und der Geographie begann sich erst vor circa vier Jahrzehnten zu entfalten. Abgesehen von einigen Vorläufern nahm die Sportgeographie ihren eigentlichen Anfang in den 1970er und insbesondere in den 1980er Jahren. Für den internationalen Aufschwung sorgten seitdem vor allem Wissenschafder des englischsprachigen Kulturraumes, wo sich die Sportgeographie im Laufe der 1990er Jahre in der Vielzahl der so genannten Bindestrich-Wissenschaften etablierte. In der deutschsprachigen Geographie und Sportwissenschaft hingegen ist dieser Etablierungsprozess soweit noch nicht vorangeschritten, wenngleich auch hier erste Schritte einer Institutionalisierung unternommen wurden.
Estimation of the Fraction of Spin-Correlated Radical Ion Pairs in Irradiated Alkanes using Magnetosensitive Recombination Luminescence from Exciplexes Generated upon Recombination of a Probe Pair
Authors: Melnikov Anatoly R. , Verkhovlyuk Vladimir N. , Kalneus Evgeny V. , Korolev Valeri V. , Borovkov Vsevolod I. , Sherin Peter S. , Davydova Maria P. , Vasilevsky Sergei F. , Stass Dmitri V.
Published: September 2016

We suggest a convenient probe exciplex system for studies in radiation spin chemistry based on a novel acceptor-substituted diphenylacetylene, 1-(phenylethynyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene that has a very short fluorescence lifetime (<200 ps) and low quantum yield (0.01) of intrinsic emission, provides efficient electron capture in alkanes and efficient exciplex formation upon recombination in pair with DMA radical cation, while exhibiting a shifted to red exciplex emission band as compared to the parent system DMA – diphenylacetylene. After chemical, luminescent, radiation and spin-chemical characterization of the new system we used the magnitude of magnetic field effect in its exciplex emission band for experimental estimation of the fraction of spin-correlated radical ion pairs under X-irradiation with upper energy cutoff 40 keV in a set of 11 alkanes. For linear and branched alkanes magnetic field effects and the corresponding fractions are approximately 19–20% and 0.28, while for cyclic alkanes they are lower at 16–17% and 0.22, respectively.
The Role of Alpha Activity in Spatial and Feature-Based Attention
Authors: van Diepen Rosanne M. , Miller Lee M. , Mazaheri Ali , Geng Joy J.
Published: September 2016

Modulations in alpha oscillations (∼10 Hz) are typically studied in the context of anticipating upcoming stimuli. Alpha power decreases in sensory regions processing upcoming targets compared to regions processing distracting input, thereby likely facilitating processing of relevant information while suppressing irrelevant. In this electroencephalography study using healthy human volunteers, we examined whether modulations in alpha power also occur after the onset of a bilaterally presented target and distractor. Spatial attention was manipulated through spatial cues and feature-based attention through adjusting the color-similarity of distractors to the target. Consistent with previous studies, we found that informative spatial cues induced a relative decrease of pretarget alpha power at occipital electrodes contralateral to the expected target location. Interestingly, this pattern reemerged relatively late (300–750 ms) after stimulus onset, suggesting that lateralized alpha reflects not only preparatory attention, but also ongoing attentive stimulus processing. Uninformative cues (i.e., conveying no information about the spatial location of the target) resulted in an interaction between spatial attention and feature-based attention in post-target alpha lateralization. When the target was paired with a low-similarity distractor, post-target alpha was lateralized (500–900 ms). Crucially, the lateralization was absent when target selection was ambiguous because the distractor was highly similar to the target. Instead, during this condition, midfrontal theta was increased, indicative of reactive conflict resolution. Behaviorally, the degree of alpha lateralization was negatively correlated with the reaction time distraction cost induced by target–distractor similarity. These results suggest a pivotal role for poststimulus alpha lateralization in protecting sensory processing of target information.
Inhibition of YAP/TAZ Activity in Spinal Cord Suppresses Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Xu Ni , Wu Ming-Zheng , Deng Xue-Ting , Ma Ping-Chuan , Li Ze-Hua , Liang Lei , Xia Meng-Fan , Cui Dong , He Duan-Duan , Zong Yuan , Xie Zhong , Song Xue-Jun
Published: September 2016

Neuropathic pain, often caused by nerve injury, is a major clinical challenge. Mechanisms that underlie neuropathic pain remain elusive and effective medications are limited. Numerous investigations of pain mechanisms have focused on alterations and phenotypic switches of the nociceptive transmitters and modulators, as well as on their receptors and downstream signaling pathways that have already exerted roles in the pain processes of mature nervous systems. We have demonstrated recently that nerve injury may elicit neuronal alterations that recapitulate events occurring during development. Signaling of the representative activated molecule Wnt thus becomes a trigger for the development of neuropathic pain and is a potential therapeutic target. We report that the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ, which orchestrate Wnt response via incorporation in the β-catenin destruction complex, are key in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and may serve as an “ON–OFF” switch for neuropathic pain status in rats. Peripheral nerve injury causes rapid-onset and long-lasting nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ/β-catenin in the spinal dorsal horn. Spinal inhibition or knock-down of either YAP or TAZ suppresses mechanical allodynia induced by nerve injury or the pain initiators lysophosphatidic acid and Wnt3a. Promoting the nuclear accumulation of YAP/TAZ leads to mechanical hypersensitivity in naive animals. Further, we discovered a new small molecule, dCTB, which targets YAP/TAZ/β-catenin and can greatly suppress neuropathic pain and the associated neurochemical alterations. Our study reveals that YAP and TAZ are core mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and are targets in the screening for potent analgesics for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMechanisms that underlie neuropathic pain remain elusive. We have demonstrated recently that nerve injury can activate Wnt signaling, which becomes a trigger for the development of neuropathic pain. We report that the transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ, which orchestrate Wnt response via incorporation in the β-catenin destruction complex, are key in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and may serve as an “ON–OFF” switch for neuropathic pain status. Further, we discovered a new small molecule, dCTB, which targets YAP/TAZ/β-catenin and can greatly suppress neuropathic pain. Our study reveals that YAP and TAZ are core mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and are targets in the screening of potent analgesics for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Nutrition as a mediator of oxidative stress in metabolic and reproductive disorders in women
Authors: Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Papalou Olga , Kandaraki Eleni A , Kassi Georgia
Published: September 2016

Nutrition can generate oxidative stress and trigger a cascade of molecular events that can disrupt oxidative and hormonal balance. Nutrient ingestion promotes a major inflammatory and oxidative response at the cellular level in the postprandial state, altering the metabolic state of tissues. A domino of unfavorable metabolic changes is orchestrated in the main metabolic organs, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas, where subclinical inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial deregulation and impaired insulin response and secretion take place. Simultaneously, in reproductive tissues, nutrition-induced oxidative stress can potentially violate delicate oxidative balance that is mandatory to secure normal reproductive function. Taken all the above into account, nutrition and its accompanying postprandial oxidative stress, in the unique context of female hormonal background, can potentially compromise normal metabolic and reproductive functions in women and may act as an active mediator of various metabolic and reproductive disorders.
Novel insights into the polycythemia–paraganglioma–somatostatinoma syndrome
Authors: Därr Roland , Nambuba Joan , Del Rivero Jaydira , Janssen Ingo , Merino Maria , Todorovic Milena , Balint Bela , Jochmanova Ivana , Prchal Josef T , Lechan Ronald M , Tischler Arthur S , Popovic Vera , Miljic Dragana , Adams Karen T , Prall F Ryan , Ling Alexander , Golomb Meredith R , Ferguson Michael , Nilubol Naris , Chen Clara C , Chew Emily , Taïeb David , Stratakis Constantine A , Fojo Tito , Yang Chunzhang , Kebebew Electron , Zhuang Zhengping , Pacak Karel
Published: September 2016

Worldwide, the syndromes of paraganglioma (PGL), somatostatinoma (SOM) and early childhood polycythemia are described in only a few patients with somatic mutations in the hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2A). This study provides detailed information about the clinical aspects and course of 7 patients with this syndrome and brings into perspective these experiences with the pertinent literature. Six females and one male presented at a median age of 28 years (range 11–46). Two were found to haveHIF2Asomatic mosaicism. No relatives were affected. All patients were diagnosed with polycythemia before age 8 and before PGL/SOM developed. PGLs were found at a median age of 17 years (range 8–38) and SOMs at 29 years (range 22–38). PGLs were multiple, recurrent and metastatic in 100, 100 and 29% of all cases, and SOMs in 40, 40 and 60%, respectively. All PGLs were primarily norepinephrine-producing. All patients had abnormal ophthalmologic findings and those with SOMs had gallbladder disease. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed cystic lesions at multiple sites and hemangiomas in 4 patients (57%), previously thought to be pathognomonic for von Hippel–Lindau disease. The most accurate radiopharmaceutical to detect PGL appeared to be [18F]-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine ([18F]-FDOPA). Therefore, [18F]-FDOPA PET/CT, not [68Ga]-(DOTA)-[Tyr3]-octreotate ([68Ga]-DOTATATE) PET/CT is recommended for tumor localization and aftercare in this syndrome. The long-term prognosis of the syndrome is unknown. However, to date no deaths occurred after 6 years follow-up. Physicians should be aware of this unique syndrome and its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Is the canine corpus luteum an insulin-sensitive tissue?
Authors: Sousa Liza Margareth Medeiros de Carvalho , Silva Renata dos Santos , Fonseca Vanessa Uemura da , Leandro Rafael Magdanelo , Di Vincenzo Thiago Senna , Alves-Wagner Ana Bárbara , Machado Ubiratan Fabres , Papa Paula de Carvalho
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to determine in the canine corpus luteum throughout the dioestrus (1) the influence of insulin on glucose uptake; (2) the regulation of genes potentially involved; and (3) the influence of hypoxia on glucose transporter expression and steroidogenesis, after treatment with cobalt chloride (CoCl2). Glucose uptake by luteal cells increased 2.7 folds (P < 0.05) in response to insulin; a phenomenon related to increased expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). The gene expression of insulin receptor and SLC2A4 (codifier of GLUT4) genes after insulin stimulation increased on day 20 post ovulation (p.o.) and declined on day 40 p.o. (P < 0.05). Regarding potentially involved molecular mechanisms, the nuclear factor kappa B gene RELA was upregulated on days 30/40 p.o., when SLC2A4 mRNA was low, and the interleukin 6 (IL6) gene was upregulated in the first half of dioestrus, when SLC2A4 mRNA was high. CoCl2 in luteal cell cultures increased the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1A/HIF1A and the SLC2A4/GLUT4 expression, and decreased progesterone (P4) production and hydroxyl-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase 3 beta (HSD3B) mRNA expression (P < 0.05). This study shows that the canine luteal cells are responsive to insulin, which stimulates glucose uptake in AKT/GLUT4-mediated pathway; that may be related to local activity of RELA and IL6. Besides, the study reveals that luteal cells under hypoxia activate HIF1A-modulating luteal function and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These data indicate that insulin regulates luteal cells’ glucose disposal, participating in the maintenance and functionality of the corpus luteum.
VALSTYBĖ, MAŽESNĖ UŽ SAVO TERITORIJĄ. KOVOS DĖL VALSTYBINIO TAPATUMO ŠALČININKŲ KRAŠTE
Authors: Norkūnaitė Marija
Published: September 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama politinė situacija Šalčininkų rajone. Daroma prielaida, kad nacionaliniu mastu egzistuojantis vienos tautinės mažumos problematikos naratyvas supaprastina tenykštę tikrovę. Šalčininkų krašto visuomenei būdingi bruožai ir jaučiamas palankumas rytinėms Lietuvos kai­mynėms verčia suabejoti ten palaikomu lenkiškumu. Pietryčių Lietuvoje yra kurstomas nuolatinis konfliktas ir kuriamas valstybei nepalankus tapatumas, tačiau nėra aišku, kokie veikėjai ir kokio pobūdžio galia pasitelkiama šiam tikslui įgyvendinti. Atliktas tyrimas Šalčininkų mieste leidžia identifikuoti pagrindinius veikėjus, diegiančius alternatyvią reikšmių sistemą bei ribojan­čius valstybės pajėgumus diegti bendrą valstybinį tapatumą rajono visuome­nėje; atskleidžia vietinių veikėjų pasitelkiamą kontrolės išlaikymo mecha­nizmą, apimantį dvi priemonių kategorijas: 1) administracinį ir materialinį pajėgumą bei 2) simbolinius išteklius.
TAPATYBĖ LIETUVOS IR EUROPOS
Authors: Vasiliauskas Jurgis
Published: September 2016

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POLITIKA IR NUOBODULYS
Authors: Bakaitė Jurga
Published: September 2016

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Hermeneutika ir nihilizmas
Authors: Vattimo Gianni
Published: September 2016

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"Housing First" for Homeless Youth With Mental Illness
Authors: Kozloff Nicole , Adair Carol E. , Palma Lazgare Luis I. , Poremski Daniel , Cheung Amy H. , Sandu Rebeca , Stergiopoulos Vicky
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

"Housing First" has been shown to improve housing stability in homeless individuals with mental illness, but had not been empirically tested in homeless youth. We aimed to evaluate the effect of "Housing First" on housing stability in homeless youth aged 18 to 24 years participating in At Home/Chez Soi, a 24-month randomized trial of "Housing First" in 5 Canadian cities.

METHODS:

Homeless individuals with mental illness were randomized to receive "Housing First" (combined with assertive community treatment or intensive case management depending on their level of need) or treatment as usual. We defined our primary outcome, housing stability, as the percent of days stably housed as a proportion of days for which residence data were available.

RESULTS:

Of 2148 participants who completed baseline interviews and were randomized, 7% (n = 156) were youth aged 18 to 24 years; 87 received "Housing First" and 69 received treatment as usual. In an adjusted analysis, youth in "Housing First" were stably housed a mean of 437 of 645 (65%) days for which data were available compared with youth in treatment as usual, who were stably housed a mean of 189 of 582 (31%) days for which data were available, resulting in an adjusted mean difference of 34% (95% confidence interval, 24%–45%; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

"Housing First" was associated with improved housing stability in homeless youth with mental illness. Future research should explore whether adaptations of the model for youth yield additional improvements in housing stability and other outcomes.
First record of Aedophron eos Varga & L. Ronkay, 1991 (Insecta: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from China
Authors: Volynkin Anton
Published: September 2016

A little-known lepidopteran, Aedophron eos Varga & L. Ronkay, 1991, is recorded in China for the first time. Adults and male genitalia of the species are illustrated.
POPULATION STRUCTURE AND BIOREPRODUCTION OF BIGEYE TUNA (Thunnus obesus) IN WESTERN PART OF SUMATERA AND SOUTHERN PART OF JAVA AND NUSA TENGGARA, INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Suman Ali , Irianto Hari Eko , Amri Khairul , Nugraha Budi , Bintoro Gatut
Published: September 2016

Bigeye tuna is an important fish resource in the Indian Ocean. This species like other tuna species needs to be managed properly in both national and international levels. Therefore some data and information on population structure and bioreproduction are required for management purpose. The current research was conducted to identify the population structure and bioreproduction of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in west off Sumatera and south off Java and Nusa Tenggara of Indian Ocean where tuna fishing spots are important. This research was based on catch landed by fishermen from the Indian Ocean during 2010. Analysis of population structure was done using DNA genetic analyses and bioreproduction by using histology technique. Results show that the population structure of the bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean consisted of two different sub populations namely sub population of west off Sumatra and sub population of south of Java and Nusa Tenggara waters. Most of catch (about 39%) was categorized as immature fish (GI I). The immature fish was mostly found in west off Sumatera waters, meanwhile the catch in south off Java and Nusa Tenggara waters was mostly categorized as mature fish. This result may indicate that south off Java and Nusa Tenggara waters is a spawning ground of the bigeye tuna.
SOME BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) CAUGHT FROM COASTAL FISHERIES IN THE EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Chodrijah Umi , Setyadji Bram
Published: September 2016

Indonesia has the largest chondrichthyan fishery in the world, with a reported of 105,000 and 118,000 tonnes landed in 2002 and 2003 respectively. Scalloped hammerhead shark was either targeted or by-catch from this fishery, mostly for its fins. Despite of the growing concern around the world, the availability of biological data of this species, especially in the Eastern Indian Ocean is still lacking. The objectives of this paper are to present some biological information (size composition and sex ratio) of the scalloped hammerhead, from coastal fisheries in Eastern Indian Ocean. The data used for the analysis comprised of two components, i.e. survey data in 2010 (February, March, June, August, October and December) and data from daily monitoring shark landing in 2013 (January to December). Substantially lower mean size, more immature sharks and more frequent of female caught over years showed that scalloped hammerhead shark in the Eastern Indian Ocean are facing intensive fishing pressure which could lead to overfishing. This could harm the sustainability of scalloped hammerhead shark resource in the long run. The relationship between clasper length and total length was positively correlated where every 5 cmTL increment on clasper length adding 51 cmTL on total length.
PRIORITAS KAJIAN HUKUM DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN
Authors: Yanti Bayu Vita Indah , Nasution Zahri
Published: September 2016

Sektor kelautan dan perikanan merupakan bidang yang memiliki sumber daya potensial untukmenghasilkan devisa negara. Belum adanya perumusan kebijakan yang integral dan implementasidalam bentuk peraturan perundangan yang baik, telah menyebabkan bidang kelautan dan perikanan(KP) tidak dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Pendekatan dan upaya terpadu perlu dilakukan, gunamenilai kondisi peraturan perundangan atau hukum yang mengawal pembangunan KP, semantaraitu sosialisasinya pada pemangku kepentingan belum/tidak optimal. Dari perspektif konstruksi hukumterhadap pembangunan KP harus selaras/harmoni dengan peraturan perundangan sector terkaitdan ketentuan-ketentuan hokum dan sinkron dengan ketentuan-ketentuan hokum internasional.Tulisan ini bertujuan menentukan prioritas kajian aspek hukum atau perundangan dalam mendukungpembangunan KP. Studi dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan dan perundangundangan(legal approach study). Hasil studi mengisyaratkan perlunya empat prioritas kajian hukunyang perlu dilakukan, yaitu terkait dengan (1) perencanaan pembangunan nasional, (2) pengelolaansumber daya kelautan dan perikanan, (3) pemerintahan daerah dan otonomi daerah, (4) penataan ruangdan bisnis kelautan dan perikanan.Title: Priorities Study on Laws To Support The Development of Marineand Fisheries SectorMarine and fisheries sector is an area that has the potential to generate foreign exchange.The absence of an integrated policy formulation and implemented properly, has led the field of marineand fisheries have not been used optimally. Efforts in an integrated approach is needed to assess thecondition of the law on which the development policies of marine and fisheries sector. Legal materialsof marine and fisheries sector requires the formulation of a comprehensive policy, in order to function asa main political for countries that strengthen instistution economic development of marine and fisheries.Construction of marine and fisheries sector, by law, also need to pay attention to issues that have strongrelationships with international law. This paper aims to determine the priority review of the legal aspectsand legislation in support of the development of marine and fisheries sector. The study was conductedby using a legal approach study. The results shows there are at least five priority review of the law thatneed to be done, in relation to national development planning, management of marine resources andfisheries, local government and regional autonomy, spatial planning and marine and fisheries bussiness.
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS NELAYAN TERKAIT UPAYA PERTAHANAN NEGARA DI WILAYAH PERBATASAN
Authors: Yanti Bayu Vita Indah
Published: September 2016

Posisi centre of gravity kawasan asia pasifik menyebabkan Indonesia memiliki tingkat kerawananyang tinggi terhadap ancaman dari luar. Hal inimuncul karena terbukanya dan tersebarnya wilayahwilayahIndonesia yang mengakibatkan terganggunya stabilitas keamanan yang dapat mengancamkedaulatan Indonesia.Sistem pertahanan keamanan rakyat semesta (sishankamrata) merupakan sistempertahanan keamanan yang dilaksanakan Indonesia dengan melibatkan semua komponen bangsadalam menjaga wilayah kedaulatan Indonesia. Untuk wilayah perbatasan, nelayan memiliki peranstrategis sebagai komponen pendukung dalam menjaga kedaulatan wilayah negara. Bagaimana upayapeningkatan kapasitas nelayan di wilayah perbatasan sebagai komponen pendukung sishankamrataselama ini? Pembahasan dilakukan berdasarkan pada studi literatur dan analisis dilakukan berdasarkanteori argumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil pembahasan upaya peningkatan kapasitas nelayan sebagaikomponen pendukung sishankamrata seharusnya dilakukan secara komprehensif karena keterkaitanantar institusi pembinaan nelayan yang melibatkan tidak hanya pada institusi pertahanan.Title: Human Resource Capacity Fishermen Related Efforts inThe Defense of The BorderIndonesia has the position of center of gravity in Asia Pasific, and it caused Indonesia hasa high degree of vulnerability to external threats.This arises because of the opening and spread ofsovereign territory of Indonesia. It also resulted in disruption of security and stability that can threatenthe sovereignty of Indonesia. People’s security and defense systems (Sishankamrata) is a defensesystem that is implemented Indonesian security by involving all regions of the nation to maintain thesovereignty of Indonesia. In the border areas, fishermen have a strategic role as a supporting componentin maintaining the state’s territorial sovereignty. How efforts to increase fishing capacity in the borderregion as a supporting component of people’s security defense system for this? The discussion is basedon a literature study and analysis carried out based on the theory of argumentation. Based on theresultsof the discussion, an effort to increase fishing capacity as a supporting component of people’s securitydefense system should be done in a comprehensive manner, as the relationship between institutionaldevelopment that involves not only the fishermen on defense institutions.
EFISIENSI DAN OPTIMISASI INPUT BUDIDAYA IKAN MAS KERAMBA JARING APUNG DI WADUK CIRATA
Authors: Putri Intan Adhi Perdana , Anna Zuzy
Published: September 2016

Ikan mas merupakan salah satu ikan hasil budidaya dalam Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA)terbanyak di Jawa Barat. Pada tahun 2012 produksi ikan jenis ini sebesar 93.080 ton atau 48% daritotal produksi budidaya. Waduk Cirata merupakan salah satu badan air dengan produksi ikan mas yangcukup besar. Namun biaya produksi yang meningkat dan tidak efisiennya penggunaan input produksi,mengakibatkan terjadi penurunan margin keuntungan para pembudidaya tersebut. Salah satu cara yangbisa ditempuh oleh pembudidaya untuk meningkatkan keuntungan adalah dengan cara minimisasi biaya(cost minimization) dari input produksi (pakan, benih dan tenaga kerja), sehingga diperoleh kombinasiinput produksi dengan biaya terendah dengan produksi ikan yang optimal. Hasil analisis efisiensi unitusaha budidaya KJA di waduk Cirata dengan menggunakan pendekatan DEA menunjukkan bahwa hanyaada 4 % DMU yang fully efficient. Sedangkan dari hasil analisis minimisasi biaya melalui pendekatanShephard Lemma adalah diperoleh kombinasi input yang optimal untuk pakan sebesar 23.459,99 kg,benih ikan sebesar 556,62 kg, dan tenaga kerja sebesar 424,18 HKP, untuk satu unit usaha (4 petak)selama satu tahun. Biaya yang bisa dikurangi setiap tahun dengan menggunakan kombinasi input yangoptimal adalah sebesar Rp. 3.418.152,05.Title: Technical Efficiency and Input Optimization of Common Carp Cultureon Floating Net Cage in CirataCommon Carp Culture with Floating Net Cage (KJA) method in West Java Province has the highestproduction among the other species. It is more or less accounted for 48 % of common carp productionof West Java Province yield from KJA method. Cirata is one of the inland water, with high-yielding Carpon KJA. Problems faced by fish farmers in Cirata is continuous price increases, which cause a declinein their profits. To maximize the profits, this paper will analyzed the cost minimizing factor input (feed,fry and labor), in order to determine the best combination of factor input to produce given output withlowest cost, using Sheppard’s Lemma method. More over efficiency analysis using Data EnvelopmentAnalysis was also conducted. the result of cost minimization by means of Sheppard’s Lemma showsthe optimal input combination for one KJA unit were 23,459.99 kg for feed, 556.62 kg for fry and 424.18HKP for labor. Fish farmer could decrease their production cost for about Rp. 3,418,152.05 by using thecombination of optimal input. Efficiency analysis shows that only 4 % DMU’s were fully efficient.
KETEPATGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA UDANG SECARA INTENSIF DI TAMBAK
Authors: Yanti Bayu Vita Indah , Nasution Zahri
Published: September 2016

Ketepatgunaan teknologi merupakan salah satu indikator bahwa teknologi yang diintroduksi dapatdimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sesuai dengan kondisi yang ada pada masyarakat. Untuk megetahuiketepatgunaan teknologi yang diterima oleh pengguna, dapat digunakan 7 (tujuh) indikator ketepatgunaanteknologi yang dikembangkan dari sifat dan ciri teknologi diintroduksi. Penelitian ini menggunakanpendekatan analisis kebijakan. Teknologi yang dievaluasi adalah teknologi yang diperkenalkan olehKementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) melalui Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya (DJPB)pada demfarm budidaya udang di tambak secara intensif. Studi ini dilakukan sejak April hingga Juni2014, termasuk verifikasi lapang ke lokasi percontohan di wilayah Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat.Analisis dan interpretasi data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologibudidaya udang secara intensif dapat dikatakan hanya tepat dikembangkan pada petambak yangmemiliki modal besar dan memiliki pengetahuan dan pengalaman dalam melaksanakan budidaya udang.Pengembangan budidaya udang secara intensif harus dilakukan melalui kerjasama antara petambakudang dan investor dan pemerintah melalui suatu pola yang disepakati secara bersama.Title: Efficiency Technology Intensive Shrimp Farming In PondTechnology efficiency is one indicator to show introduced technology can utilize by the communityproperly. To determine the efficiency of the technology acceptable to users, it can be viewed by 7 (seven)indicators that developed based on nature and characteristic of introduced technologies. This researchwas conducted using the approach of policy analysis.Evaluated technologies are technologies that wereintroduced by the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Affairs (MMAF) through the Directorate General ofAquaculture (DJPB) in shrimp farming in ponds demfarm intensive. The study was conducted from Aprilto June 2014, including field verification to the pilot sites in Karawang Regency, West Java. Analysisand interpretation of the data was done descriptively. The results showed that intensive shrimp farmingtechnology only proper to develope on farmers who have big capital and have knowledge and experiencein implementing shrimp farming. Intensive shrimp aquaculture development should be done throughcooperation between shrimp farmers and investors and government through an agreed pattern.
KEBERLANJUTAN “KEJUNG SAMUDRA” DALAM PENGELOLAAN DAN PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA MANGROVE DI PANCER CENGKRONG DAN DAMAS, PANTAI PRIGI, TRENGGALEK
Authors: Susilo Edi , Purwanti Pudji , Lestariadi Reski Agung
Published: September 2016

Pada awalnya di Teluk Prigi terdapat enam lokasi hutan mangrove, yaitu di Karanggongso,Pancer Ledong, Ngemplak, Pancer Cengkrong, Pancer Bang dan Ngrumpukan. Saat ini tinggal ada tigalokasi saja, yaitu tiga terakhir yang disebutkan. Cofish Project telah meletakkan pondasi pengelolaansumberdaya perikanan di Teluk Prigi. Tujuan riset adalah (1) mendeskripsikan Kelembagaan KejungSamudra dalam melakukan pengelolaan dan pemfaatan sumberdaya mangrove, (2) mengidentifikasikelembagaan lain yang memberikan ancaman atau dukungan terhadap eksistensi Kejung Samudra.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan sampel dipilih secara purposive, melakukanpengamatan lapang dan menggunakan Focus Group Discussion. Kesimpulan riset adalah sebagaiberikut: (1) dari analisis kelembagaan berdasarkan TURF, masalah internal Kejung Samudra adalahbelum adanya kejelasan tentang distribusi pendapatan. (2) Karena Pancer Cengkrong menjadi lokasiwisata maka menjadi “perebutan” beberapa kelembagaan yang ingin memperoleh distribusi pendapatan.(3) Kelembagaan LMDH Argo Lestari dan Perhutani mempunyai peluang untuk memperkuat ataumemperlemah eksistensi Kejung Samudra.Title: Sustainability “Kejung Samudra” in Management and Resource Usein Pancer Cengkrong Mangrove and Damas, Prigi Coast, TrenggalekAt first there were six mangrove forest locations in the Prigi Bay, namely in Karanggongso,Pancer Ledong, Ngemplak, Pancer Cengkrong, Pancer Bang and Ngrumpukan. Currently living thereare three locations, the last three mentioned. Cofish Project has laid the foundation of the fisheriesresources management in that place. The purpose of the research is to (1) describe the institutional ofKejung Samudra to management and utilization of mangrove resources, (2) identify other institutionalgiving threats or support for the existence of the Kejung Samudra. The research method used wasqualitative with the sample were selected purposively, conducting field observations and using focusgroup discussion. The conclusions of research are: (1) from the institutional analysis based on TURF,internal problems Kejung Samudra is the lack of clarity about the distribution of income. (2) BecausePancer Cengkrong become a tourist sites then become a “scramble” some institutions who wish toobtain the distribution of income. (3) LMDH Argo Lestari and Forestry department have the opportunityto strengthen or weaken the existence of the Kejung Samudra.
VALUASI EKONOMI SUMBERDAYA DI TELUK PALU, KOTA PALU, PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Putera Fachruddin Hari Anggara , Sallata Alfiani Eliata
Published: September 2016

Teluk Palu merupakan sumberdaya yang memiliki nilai ekonomi dan ekologi yang sangat besar.Di samping itu, Teluk Palu sebagai sumber penghidupan bagi nelayan setempat. Penelitian valuasiekonomi telah dilakukan pada bulan Mei – Juni 2015 di Teluk Palu. Tujuan penelian ini untuk mengetahuivaluasi ekonomi sumberdaya Teluk Palu. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan metode pengumpulandata di lapangan dan data dianalisis secara deskriptif analitik yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabulasi.Berdasarkan hasil kajian, didapat hasil bahwa Total nilai ekonomi sumberdaya Teluk Palu adalah sebesarRp. 35.846.290.000,- per tahun. Sektor Perikanan memberikan kontribusi sebesar Rp. 13.104.000.000,-per tahun. Sektor Pariwisata dengan nilai ekonomi sebesar Rp. 2.422.750.000,- per tahun. FungsiTerumbu Karang sebagai physical protection global life sebesar Rp. 20.319.540.000,- per tahun.Berdasarkan kenyataan tersebut diatas, selain memberikan fungsi ekologi, sumberdaya Teluk Palu jugamemberikan nilai ekonomi yang sangat tinggi.Title: Valuation of Resources Economic In Palu Bay, City of Palu,Province of Central SulawesiPalu Bay has a super big of economic and ecology values. Beside that, Palu Bay is a life resourcesof fishermen. Study on economic valuation was carried out in May – Juny 2015 in Palu Bay. The aim ofthis study is to know economic valuation of resources in Palu Bay. Observation has been done by usingdata collection in the field and data analysis by analitic description, which are presented in tabulationform. Based on study, the total economic valuation was Rp. 35.846.290.000,- per year. Fisheries sectorprovides the economic value of Rp. 13.104.000.000,- per year. Tourism sector, which was economicvalue Rp. 2.422.750.000,- per year. Function of coral reef ecosystem was a physical protection globallife, which was valuated Rp. 20.319.540.000,- per year. Based on this fact, beside giving ecologicalfunction, resources of Palu Bay also gave a very high economic value.
POTENSI EKSPOR NENER BANDENG INDONESIA: PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN
Authors: Zamroni Achmad , Mulyawan Irwan , Priyatna Fatriyandi Nur
Published: September 2016

Produksi nener untuk kebutuhan budidaya bandeng di Indonesia secara kuantitas sudah terpenuhi,namun secara kualitas masih belum memenuhi syarat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikeragaan usaha nener di Indonesia, menganalisis peluang ekspor nener dan merumuskan kebijakanpengembangan nener. Lokasi survey dilakukan di Gondol dengan menggunakan snowball sebagaimetode pengambilan data. Hasil analisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa nilaiekonomi usaha nener di lokasi Gondol, Bali setiap tahunnya sebesar Rp 171.360.000.000. Potensi nilaiekspor nener yang berasal dari lokasi Gondol, Bali sebesar Rp 37.800.000.000 per tahun selama tigabulan. Sementara nilai kehilangan produksi akibat produksi nener berlebih dan tidak terserap oleh pasarbaik domestik maupun ekspor selama 9 bulan sebesar Rp 10.800.000.000 per tahun. Oleh karenaitu, rekomendasi kebijakan yang bisa diberikan terkait dengan upaya pengembangan dan pengaturanusaha budidaya nener adalah dengan memberikan rekomendasi berupa program prioritas dan langkaheksekusi yang sebaiknya dilakukan oleh direktorat jenderal teknis terkait.Title: Potency of Export of Indonesian Milkfish Jouvenile:Opportunity and ChallengesThe Quantity of milkfish jouvenile (nener) production is fit for milkfish farming in Indonesia, butthe quality is not eligilbe yet for milkfish farming. This study aims to identify the business performanceof “nener”, to analyze the export opportunities of “nener”, and to formulate policy recommendations for“nener” business development. Gondol was selected as study location by using snowball approach fordata collections. The result of this study based on qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that theeconomic value of “nener” business at Gondol is Rp 171.36 billion per year, potency of export value ofis Rp 37.8 billion per year during three months. Meanwhile, the value of lost production due to excessproduction of milkfish and not absorbed by the domestic and export market for 9 months is about Rp10.8 billion per year. Therefore, the policy recommendations that can be presented in connection withthe development effort and setting the cultivation of milkfish is to provide recommendations in the form ofprogram priorities and execution steps that should be done by the relevant technical directorate generalin Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries.
STATUS BIO-EKONOMI SUMBERDAYA UDANG DI KABUPATEN CILACAP
Authors: Pangesti Triono Probo , Wiyono Eko Sri , Baskoro Mulyono S. , Nurani Tri Wiji , Wiryawan Budy
Published: September 2016

Cilacap adalah salah satu sentra perikanan di Indonesia dengan salah satu produk utamanya adalah udang dan alat tangkap utama yang digunakan adalah trammel net. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga status tingkat pemanfaatan stok sumberdaya udang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei dan studi pustaka. Analisis data melalui pendekatan model bioekonomi Gordon- Schaefer. Pemanfaatan stok udang pada tahun 2003-2011 berada di bawah kondisi tingkat kelestarian sumberdaya, sedangkan tahun 2012-2013 telah melampaui tingkat kelestarian sumberdaya. Hasil tangkapan tahun 2011 masih di bawah kondisi tingkat kelestarian sumberdaya, namun telah melampaui jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (JTB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status pemanfaatan sumberdaya udang terkini sudah overfishing baik secara biologi maupun ekonomi. Jika hal ini terus dibiarkan maka berpotensi merusak kelestarian sumberdaya udang dan mengancam keberlanjutan usaha perikanan tangkap udang yang menjadi mata pencaharian nelayan. Untuk itu diperlukan pengelolaan yang mengatur tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya udang sehingga sumberdaya udang tetap lestari dan usaha perikanan udang tetap menguntungkan nelayan.

 

(Bio-economic Status of Shrimp Resources in Cilacap District)

Cilacap is one of Indonesian fisheries centre with shrimp as one of its main commodity with trammel net as the main fishing gear that used in the site. The objective of this study was estimating the status of shrimp fisheries in the area. Survei and literature study were used to collect data, while Gordon- Schaefer bioeconomic model was used to analyze them. Results indicated that shrimp yield in 2003-2011 was still under sustainable level; however in 2012-2013 had already exceeded it. Total production in 2011 was also still under sustainable yield but had exceeded its Total Allowable Catch (TAC). Furthermore, it was also indicated that the current status of shrimp fisheries had been overfishing both biologically and economically. This situation could not only potentially undermine shrimp fisheries sustainability but also threaten shrimp business sustainability as fishers’ livelihood if it continued. Therefore, fisheries management which manage the shrimp yield level was needed to not only keep shrimp resources sustained but also profitable for fishers.
ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA BUDIDAYA UDANG DAN BANDENG: STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN PASEKAN KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU
Authors: Triyanti Riesti , Hikmah Hikmah
Published: September 2016

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelayakan usaha budidaya polikultur udang windu dengan ikan bandeng. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan mix method research (kuantitatif dan kualitatif). Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan responden. Sampel responden ditentukan secara simple random sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kelayakan usaha dan analisis deskriptif untuk faktor pendukung dan penghambat usaha budidaya. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kelayakan usaha budidaya polikultur udang windu dengan ikan bandeng ini layak untuk dijalankan. Namun, usaha ini masih memiliki hambatan usaha berupa benih yang kurang berkualitas, kondisi saluran irigasi yang buruk, konstruksi kolam yang belum memenuhi Cara Budidaya Ikan yang Baik (CBIB), harga pakan yang mahal, adanya penyakit pada udang dan terbatasnya pengetahuan pembudidaya tentang teknologi budidaya udang dan bandeng. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas dari hasil budidaya udang dan bandeng di Indramayu diperlukan penguatan sistem dan manajemen CBIB penetapan standarisasi harga bahan baku dan kualitas pakan, penguatan sistem dan manajemen standarisasi dan modernisasi sarana perikanan budidaya dan penguatan manajemen sumber daya manusia dan kelembagaan non-bisnis dan bisnis pembudidaya.