bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathways of internationalization in US schooling: Local innovations in inclusive global education
Authors: Engel Laura C
Published: March 2019

Internationally, there has been a growing interest among educational systems in reassessing the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary for success in the 21st-century global world. This paper aims to add to the literature about how and to what extent the global emphasis in education is approached, framed, and practiced within different national contexts at the primary and secondary level. The focus is on the federal US education system, where internationalization pathways are established and shaped by a complex constellation of actors, as well as horizontal and vertical policy directions. Specifically, this article discusses recent US discourses and frameworks of internationalization and provides an overview of the ways in which the public school system in Washington, DC has pursued a comprehensive approach to internationalization, which is both locally responsive and inclusive.
Laboratory Intercomparison of Cytogenetic Dosimetry Among 38 Laboratories in China
Authors: Pan Yan , Ruan Jianlei , Gao Gang , Wu Lina , Piao Chunnan , Liu Jianxiang
Published: March 2019

A nationwide intercomparison exercise for estimating the irradiated dose was organized by the National Institute for Radiological Protection, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China. Thirty-eight laboratories participated in this program. The main objective of this intercomparison exercise was to compare the participants’ ability of operation and dose assessment basing on the frequencies of dicentrics and centric rings. Whole blood samples were irradiated with different dosages of 60Co γ-rays. Each laboratory collected 2 blind samples and prepared the slides independently. All participants presented the estimated dose reports within 30 days. The doses assessed by the participants were acceptable within the reference dose of ±20%. The mean absolute difference of estimated dose relative to the reference dose was calculated, which reflected the overall accuracy of dose estimates for each laboratory. The overall estimation results of blind blood samples for intercomparison showed a good agreement with the reference dose for each sample, with nearly 75% of the participants producing acceptable results.
Evaluation of anti-explosion performance of Shuibuya concrete-faced rockfill dam slabs subjected to strong shock waves caused by an underwater explosion
Authors: Lu Lu , Zhu Ye , Zou De-Gao , Fan Qin-Man , Dong Shao-Bing
Published: March 2019

A concrete plastic-damage model, the extended Drucker–Prager model for rockfill, and acoustic elements for water were introduced and applied to the impact fracture analysis of a concrete-faced rockfill dam–water three-dimensional system. The plastic-damage dynamic analysis process was used in combination with the concrete compressive and tensile damage model. The 223-m high Shuibuya concrete-faced rockfill dam was analyzed using an explicit integration. Numerical simulations of the damage threshold, rockfill modeling, and interface processing were conducted to research the effect of the anti-explosion performance that occurs when a concrete slab is subjected to an underwater shock wave. The simulation results indicate that the main regions of weakness in the slabs during an underwater shock wave are determined by the tensile damage. The slab’s anti-knock weak areas appear in the right dam abutment and the top of the left dam. The anti-knock performance in the upper slab is inferior to that of the lower slab. Specific local optimization steps should be applied at these locations to improve the slabs’ anti-knock capabilities, which are important for designing concrete-faced rockfill dams.
A two-stage layout method for functional areas in logistics park
Authors: Luo Qingyu , Zhu Jiaxiang , Jia Hongfei , Xu Yingjun
Published: March 2019

The layout of functional areas has a great impact on the implementing of a logistics park. Existing layout models with multiple planning objectives and influencing factors are too complex to be solved. This article puts forward a two-stage layout method for functional areas in logistics parks combining a layer-by-layer analysis process and a multi-objective programming model. Base on the rational setting of functional areas, the optimization of operational processes and the quantification of the interrelations between functional areas, some green logistic goals are achieved in two stages. In the first stage, the method aims at maximizing the comprehensive relationship among functional areas and obtaining the layout structure by the layer-by-layer analysis process. In the second stage, a multi-objective planning model is established to get the location and shape of each functional area, with the goals of minimizing the material handling costs and maximizing the spatial utilization rate. A genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. Finally, an example is put forward to verify the feasibility of the two-stage layout method, and the comparison with the previous general model is presented. This article provides a new method for the layout planning of function areas in green logistics parks.
Experimental research on the dynamic instability characteristic of a pressure relief valve
Authors: Ma Wei , Ma Fei , Guo Rong
Published: March 2019

This article presents detailed experimental results of the influencing factors of flow rate, set pressure, and inlet pipe length of a pressure relief valve. In order to analyze the influence of different flow rates on the instability characteristics of pressure relief valve, the multi-stage output of pump flow is realized. In terms of modeling, we investigated the theory concerning instability in the system: the 3% rule boundary. Data analyses on typical stable, cycling, and chatter instability conditions are conducted. The stable boundaries of the 3% rule and the quarter-wave model are drawn, which are consistent with the experimental results.
Investigation for synchronization of two co-rotating rotors installed with nonlinear springs in a non-resonance system
Authors: Hou Yongjun , Du Mingjun , Wang Luyou
Published: March 2019

To avoid anti-phase synchronization for two co-rotating rotors system that occurs so that exciting force generated by the vibrating system is very small, a mechanical model of two co-rotating rotors installed with nonlinear springs is proposed to implement synchronization in a non-resonance system. The dynamic equations of the system are first built up by using Lagrange's equation. Second, an analytical approach, the average method of modified small parameters, is employed to study the synchronization characteristics of the vibrating system, the non-dimensional coupling equations of two motors are deduced, synchronization problem is converted to that of existence and stability of zero solution for the non-dimensional coupling equations of angular velocity. It is indicated that the synchronous torque of two motors coupled with nonlinear springs in synchronous state must be greater than or equal to the difference of their residual torque. Then, in light of the Routh–Hurwitz criterion, the synchronous criterion of the vibrating system is obtained. Obviously, it is demonstrated that the synchronous state and the stability criterion of the system are influenced by the structural parameters of the coupling unit, coupling coefficients and the positional parameters of two rotors, and so on. Especially, there are clearances in between two nonlinear serial springs, which result in synchronization of the vibrating system that lies in an uncertain state. At last, computer simulations in agreement with the numerical results verify the correctness of the theoretical results for solving the steady phase difference between two rotors. It is demonstrated that adjusting the value of the coupling spring stiffness can make phase difference close to zero to meet the requirements of the strongly exciting force in engineering.
Cooperative differential evolution framework with utility-based adaptive grouping for large-scale optimization
Authors: Ge Hongwei , Sun Liang , Zhang Kai , Wu Chunguo
Published: March 2019

Decomposing the large-scale problem into small-scale subproblems and optimizing them cooperatively are critical steps for solving large-scale optimization problem. This article proposes a cooperative differential evolution with utility-based adaptive grouping. The problem decomposition is adaptively executed by the two mechanisms of circular sliding controller and relation matrix, which consider the variable interactions on the basis of the short-term and long-term utilities, respectively. The circular sliding controller provides baselines for the subproblem optimizer. The size of the sliding window and the sliding speed in the controller are adjusted adaptively so that the variables with higher activeness can be optimized extensively. The relation matrix–based grouping strategy enables interacted variables to be grouped into the same subproblem with higher probabilities. The novelty is that decomposition is conducted as the optimization process without extra computational burden. For subproblem optimization, we use a self-adaptive differential evolution operator that adaptively adjusts the parameters to guide the search to the optimum solutions of the subproblems. Experiments on the benchmarks of CEC2008 and CEC2010, and practical problems show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Combined wear of slurry erosion, cavitation erosion, and corrosion on the simulated ship surface
Authors: Liang Liang , Pang Youxia , Tang Yong , Zhang Hao , Liu Hui , Liu Yu
Published: March 2019

The surface material of marine ship hulls suffers degradation by slurry erosion because of the impact of sands or solid particles in seawater. When the ship’s moving speed increases, pressure is changed suddenly and cavitation erosion will occur. Therefore, in the ocean, the corrosion of the surface material of the ship hulls is a combined damage in a slurry erosion and cavitation erosion states. An experimental device, for the combined wear, capable of simulating the above working conditions is designed and manufactured. A combined wear test of various materials (Q235, DH32, and NM360 steels) is conducted. The results show that cutting furrows of the slurry erosion, pinholes of the cavitation erosion, holes of electrochemical corrosion, and their combined effect increase the material wear rates and areas. Ductile materials of high strength have less slurry and cavitation damage, and more corrosion damage. For ductile materials of low strength, slurry and cavitation wear play an important role. When the slurry impact speed is increased, the wear degree of materials is also increased. This experimental setup for the combined wear provides a strong support for the development of wear-resistant materials for ship hulls and the structural optimization of ship hulls.
Air-impingement freezing of peeled shrimp: Analysis of flow field, heat transfer, and freezing time
Authors: Yang Dazhang , Xie Jing , Tang Wan , Wang Jinfeng , Shu Zhitao
Published: March 2019

The air-impingement freezing technique is a fast and efficient freezing method, which is widely used in food freezing and electronic industry. A novel air-impingement freezing machine was set up to investigate the food freeze. The freezing process of peeled shrimps by air-impingement freezing technique was studied experimentally and numerically. The freezing time of shrimp (150 count/lb) from +11°C to −18°C was about 100–140 s. The flow field and temperature distribution of peeled shrimp were studied by the solidification and melting model in FLUENT 6.3. The results show that the air jet flows away from the surface of the shrimp after the separation points so that the flow field and heat transfer were bad in the separation resign. In addition, the food freezing time of natural convection and air-impingement was compared, and the result shows that the air-impingement freezing time is about one-tenth than the natural convection freezing in freezer. In order to optimize the air-impingement freezing, H/D’s value was adjusted in the range of 4–8. The result indicates that the freezing time was increasing with the increase in H/D value, and H/D was recommended to be 6 in the impingement freezing.
Optimization of vane demister based on neural network and genetic algorithm
Authors: He San , Liu Hang , Zou Yongli , Zhang Qinqin
Published: March 2019

A vane demister is widely used for separating tiny droplets from gas streams in the petroleum industry, chemical engineering, and other industries. To obtain optimal structure and operation parameters, a method based on orthogonal experiment design is often adopted. However, in most cases, results from an orthogonal experiment design are suboptimal solutions when there are fewer experiments to optimize the vane demister performance. In this study, to obtain the maximum separation efficiency and minimum pressure drop, Fluent software was used to simulate the two-phase flow of gas and liquid in vane demister with different structural parameters and operation parameters, generating 473 solutions as the sample database. Based on this database, a back propagation neural network was used to establish the prediction model for the separation efficiency and pressure drop, and a genetic algorithm was used for multi-target optimization of this model. The optimization results were compared to Fluent simulation results and the orthogonal experiment design results. The results show that a genetic algorithm generates better results. The optimal separation efficiency of both methods is 100%. However, the optimal pressure drop of the genetic algorithm is 25.77% lower than that of the orthogonal experiment design.
How Elite Chinese Students View Other Countries: Findings from a Survey in Three Top Beijing Universities
Authors: Zhou Min
Published: March 2019

This study examines Chinese university students' feelings towards foreign countries, using original high-quality survey data collected in 2014 at three top universities in Beijing. First, elite Chinese students' perceptions of specific countries are revealed. Being from top universities, these individuals will have great influence on China's future politics and international relations. It is thus important to gauge their perceptions of other countries. They generally feel warmly towards the European Union, Russia, and the United States, but harbour cold feelings towards Northeast Asian neighbours (Japan and the two Koreas). Second, this study finds that the effects of the socio-demographic and political factors underlying students' feelings differ greatly from country to country. I construct various social profiles of the students (dis)liking particular countries. Third, this study establishes a connection between nationalism and feelings towards particular countries. Chinese nationalism is not equally targeted at all other countries. While it elevates animosity mainly against Japan and the US, it promotes a closer rapport with North Korea and Russia.
The New FDA Real-World Evidence Program to Support Development of Drugs and Biologics
Authors: Klonoff David C.
Published: March 2019

FDA has launched a Real World Evidence (RWE) Program for using real-world evidence (RWE) to help support new indications for already approved drugs or biologics and postapproval studies. The plan also includes stakeholder engagement efforts, demonstration projects, leadership activities, and development of guidance documents to assist developers interested in using real-world data (RWD) to develop RWE to support FDA regulatory decisions. This plan was mandated by the Cures Act passed in 2016. Over the 24-month period from passage of the law until FDA officially announced their program, FDA has gone to considerable efforts to educate the public about the benefits of RWE and encourage researchers to consider situations where RWE trials can generate useful information. Through a variety of stakeholder engagement projects, including publication of articles in medical journals, participation in public meetings, and development of initiatives, FDA has put more effort into preparing the medical community for its new emphasis on RWE than any other new policy that I can recall.
Exploring the effect of realism at the cognitive stage of complex motor skill learning
Authors: Lucas Terry
Published: March 2019

Animation can be used for various purposes such as for procedural and motor skill learning (i.e., dance, sports, and motor rehabilitation). In the context of visual design, this study explores the possible influence of realism (levels of visual detail) in animation at the cognitive stage of motor skill acquisition. Students (N = 64) with low-prior knowledge about tennis were randomly assigned into three groups to view either 2D schematic, 3D stylised, or live-action instructional video. Their performance on the knowledge test, learning time, efficiency score, confidence level, preference, and open-ended responses were captured for analyses. Based on the findings, despite most preference towards live-action video, there was no statistically significant difference regarding cognitive learning performance among learners from different treatment groups. Hence, animated digital characters of various levels of realism can still be incorporated for motor skill acquisition especially in instructional animations, simulations, video games and virtual reality.
A Study of Risk Factors for Early-Onset Adjacent Vertebral Fractures After Kyphoplasty
Authors: Morozumi Masayoshi , Matsubara Yuji , Muramoto Akio , Morita Yoshinori , Ando Kei , Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Machino Masaaki , Ota Kyotaro , Tanaka Satoshi , Kanbara Shunsuke , Ito Sadayuki , Ishiguro Naoki , Imagama Shiro
Published: March 2019

Study Design:

Retrospective study.

Objectives:

To elucidate risk factors for early-onset (2 months after initial kyphoplasty) adjacent vertebral fracture (EO-AVF) after kyphoplasty.

Methods:

A total of 108 vertebral bodies (95 patients) were included in this study. We examined patient backgrounds, the spinal level of EO-AVFs, surgery-related factors, and imaging findings. We divided the cases into 2 groups: patients with EO-AVF and patients without EO-AVF. Univariate, correlation, and multivariate analyses were conducted to reveal the risks factors for EO-AVFs for these 2 groups.

Results:

EO-AVFs developed in 28 vertebral bodies; they did not develop in 80 vertebral bodies. The overall EO-AVF incidence rate was 26%. The spinal level was the thoracolumbar junction for 93% of patients and another level for 7%, thus demonstrating the concentration of EO-AVFs in the thoracolumbar junction. For patients without EO-AVF and those with EO-AVF, there were significant differences in age (76 and 80 years, respectively), preoperative vertebral angles (VAs) (17.8° and 23°, respectively), and corrected VAs (7.3° and 12.7°, respectively). Significant differences were not observed for other factors. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0.661 ( P < .000), thereby showing a significantly positive correlation between preoperative VAs and corrected VAs. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (odds ratio, 1.112; 95% CI, 1.025-1.206) and preoperative VAs (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.026-1.135) were covariates and that the presence of an EO-AVF was a dependent variable. Therefore, both were predictable risk factors for EO-AVFs.

Conclusion:

Age, preoperative VAs, and corrected VAs are risk factors for EO-AVFs after kyphoplasty.
The association between body mass index and the risk of endometriosis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jenabi Ensiyeh , Khazaei Salman , Veisani Yousef
Published: March 2019

Background:

Many epidemiologic studies have been conducted to assess factors that were associated to endometriosis, but there is no consistency in results. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the association between body mass index and the risk of endometriosis.

Methods:

In this meta-analysis, relevant studies that published in major international electronic bibliographic databases of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched during November 2017. The Begg and Egger’s test was used to investigate publication bias in included studies. The Q-statistic and I2 tests were carried out for measuring heterogeneity. The random-effects model was conducted to obtain pooled odds ratio.

Results:

Our results showed a direct association between underweight and endometriosis in woman (odds ratio = 1.41, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–1.66), so underweight woman had 41% higher chance for endometriosis. However, we did not find linear association between overweight and endometriosis (odds ratio = 0.95; 95% confidence interval: 0.72–1.18) and obesity and endometriosis (odds ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.54–1.21), respectively.

Conclusions:

Our results suggested that underweight was a risk factor for the endometriosis, while overweight and obesity were not protective factors for endometriosis.
Is Socioeconomic Advantage Associated With Positive Health Behaviors and Health Outcomes Among Asian Indians?
Authors: Gor Beverly , Nepal Vishnu P. , Dongardive Rashmi , Dorai V. K. , Pande Mala
Published: March 2019

Objective:

The South Asian Health Needs Assessment was conducted to collect health status information on the rapidly growing Asian Indian (AI) community in the Houston area. Many were highly educated and reported high income levels, factors usually associated with better health outcomes. This study examined the relationship between socioeconomic advantage and the health behaviors and health outcomes of AIs.

Methods:

We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from a convenience sample of 1416 AIs. Income was categorized as low, medium, and high. Descriptive statistics were generated by income categories and weighted multinomial regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of income with health behaviors and outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, health insurance, and years in the United States.

Results:

Income was positively associated with better self-rated health, higher body mass index, moderate physical activity, having shingles vaccine, and cervical cancer screening. Income was inversely associated with perceived stress and heart disease. However, income was not significantly associated with alternative therapies, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, self-reported overweight/obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and screening for breast, prostate, and colon cancer.

Conclusions:

Socioeconomic advantage was not consistently associated with positive health outcomes or desired health behaviors among AIs. We speculate that other factors, including cultural beliefs and acculturation may also impact health behaviors and health outcomes in this group. Further studies examining the influence of these variables on health behaviors and health outcomes are warranted.
Modulation of TAP-dependent antigen compartmentalization during human monocyte-to-DC differentiation
Authors: Döring Marius , Blees Hanna , Koller Nicole , Tischer-Zimmermann Sabine , Müsken Mathias , Henrich Frederik , Becker Jennifer , Grabski Elena , Wang Junxi , Janssen Hans , Zuschratter Werner , Neefjes Jacques , Klawonn Frank , Eiz-Vesper Britta , Tampé Robert , Kalinke Ulrich
Published: March 2019

Dendritic cells (DCs) take up antigen in the periphery, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, and present processed antigen fragments to adaptive immune cells and thus prime antigen-specific immunity. During local inflammation, recirculating monocytes are recruited from blood to the inflamed tissue, where they differentiate to macrophages and DCs. In this study, we found that monocytes showed high transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)–dependent peptide compartmentalization and that after antigen pulsing, they were not able to efficiently stimulate antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Nevertheless, upon in vitro differentiation to monocyte-derived DCs, TAP-dependent peptide compartmentalization as well as surface major histocompatibility complex I turnover decreased and the cells efficiently restimulated T lymphocytes. Although TAP-dependent peptide compartmentalization decreased during DC differentiation, TAP expression levels increased. Furthermore, TAP relocated from early endosomes in monocytes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomal compartments in DCs. Collectively, these data are compatible with the model that during monocyte-to-DC differentiation, the subcellular relocation of TAP and the regulation of its activity assure spatiotemporal separation of local antigen uptake and processing by monocytes and efficient T-lymphocyte stimulation by DCs.
Interspecific delimitation and relationships among four Ostrya species based on plastomes
Authors: Jiang Yanyou , Yang Yongzhi , Lu Zhiqiang , Wan Dongshi , Ren Guangpeng
Published: March 2019

Background

The genusOstrya(Betulaceae) contains eight species and four of them are distributed in China. However, studies based on limited informative sites of several chloroplast markers failed to resolve interspecific delimitation and relationships among the four Chinese species. In this study, we aimed to use the whole chloroplast genomes to address these two issues.

Results

We assembled and annotated 33 complete chloroplast genomes (plastomes) of the four Chinese species, representing 17 populations across most of their geographical distributions. Each species contained samples of several individuals that cover most of geographic distributions of the species. All plastomes are highly conserved in genome structure and gene order, with a total length of 158–159 kb and 122 genes. Phylogenetic analyses of whole plastomes, non-coding regions and protein-coding genes produced almost the same topological relationships. In contrast to the well-delimitated species boundary inferred from the nuclear ITS sequence variations, three of the four species are non-monophyletic in the plastome trees, which is consistent with previous studies based on a few chloroplast markers.

Conclusions

The high incongruence between the ITS and plastome trees may suggest the widespread occurrences of hybrid introgression and incomplete lineage sorting during the divergence of these species. In addition, the plastomes with more informative sites compared with a few chloroplast markers still failed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the four species, and further studies involving population genomic data may be needed to better understand their evolutionary histories.
Effects of early- and mid-life stress on DNA methylation of genes associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease and cognitive impairment: a systematic review
Authors: Vidrascu Elena M. , Bashore Alexander C. , Howard Timothy D. , Moore Justin B.
Published: March 2019

Background

Traditional and novel risk factors cannot sufficiently explain the differential susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epigenetics may serve to partially explain this residual disparity, with life course stressors shown to modify methylation of genes implicated in various diseases. Subclinical CVD is often comorbid with cognitive impairment (CI), which warrants research into the identification of common genes for both conditions.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of the existing literature to identify studies depicting the relationship between life course stressors, DNA methylation, subclinical CVD, and cognition.

Results

A total of 16 articles (8 human and 8 animal) were identified, with the earliest published in 2008. Four genes (COMT,NOS3,Igfl1, andSod2) were analyzed by more than one study, but not in association with both CVD and CI. One gene (NR3C1) was associated with both outcomes, albeit not within the same study. There was some consistency among studies with markers used for subclinical CVD and cognition, but considerable variability in stress exposure (especially in human studies), cell type/tissue of interest, method for detection of DNA methylation, and risk factors. Racial and ethnic differences were not considered, but analysis of sex in one human study found statistically significant differentially methylated X-linked loci associated with attention and intelligence.

Conclusions

This review suggests the need for additional studies to implement more comprehensive and methodologically rigorous study designs that can better identify epigenetic biomarkers to differentiate individuals vulnerable to both subclinical CVD and associated CI.
Hybrid case-base maintenance approach for modeling large scale case-based reasoning systems
Authors: Khan Malik Jahan , Hayat Hussain , Awan Irfan
Published: March 2019

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a nature inspired paradigm of machine learning capable to continuously learn from the past experience. Each newly solved problem and its corresponding solution is retained in its central knowledge repository called case-base. Withρ the regular use of the CBR system, the case-base cardinality keeps on growing. It results into performance bottleneck as the number of comparisons of each new problem with the existing problems also increases with the case-base growth. To address this performance bottleneck, different case-base maintenance (CBM) strategies are used so that the growth of the case-base is controlled without compromising on the utility of knowledge maintained in the case-base. This research work presents a hybrid case-base maintenance approach which equally utilizes the benefits of case addition as well as case deletion strategies to maintain the case-base in online and offline modes respectively. The proposed maintenance method has been evaluated using a simulated model of autonomic forest fire application and its performance has been compared with the existing approaches on a large case-base of the simulated case study.
Prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia among nursing home residents without dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fornaro Michele , Solmi Marco , Stubbs Brendon , Veronese Nicola , Monaco Francesco , Novello Stefano , Fusco Andrea , Anastasia Annalisa , De Berardis Domenico , Carvalho André F. , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Vieta Eduard
Published: March 2019

Background

The elderly population and numbers of nursing homes residents are growing at a rapid pace globally. Uncertainty exists regarding the actual rates of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia as previous evidence documenting high rates relies on suboptimal methodology.

Aims

To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and correlates of MDD, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder among nursing homes residents without dementia.

Method

Major electronic databases were systematically searched from 1980 to July 2017 for original studies reporting on the prevalence and correlates of MDD among nursing homes residents without dementia. The prevalence of MDD in this population was meta-analysed through random-effects modelling and potential sources of heterogeneity were examined through subgroup/meta-regression analyses.

Results

Across 32 observational studies encompassing 13 394 nursing homes residents, 2110 people were diagnosed with MDD, resulting in a pooled prevalence rate of 18.9% (95% CI 14.8–23.8). Heterogeneity was high (I2= 97%,P≤0.001); no evidence of publication bias was observed. Sensitivity analysis indicated the highest rates of MDD among North American residents (25.4%, 95% CI 18–34.5,P≤0.001). Prevalence of either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia spectrum disorder could not be reliably pooled because of the paucity of data.

Conclusions

MDD is highly prevalent among nursing homes residents without dementia. Efforts towards prevention, early recognition and management of MDD in this population are warranted.
Mutational Analysis of Patients With Colorectal Cancer in CALGB/SWOG 80405 Identifies New Roles of Microsatellite Instability and Tumor Mutational Burden for Patient Outcome
Authors: Innocenti Federico , Ou Fang-Shu , Qu Xueping , Zemla Tyler J. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Tam Rachel , Mahajan Shilpi , Goldberg Richard M. , Bertagnolli Monica M. , Blanke Charles D. , Sanoff Hanna , Atkins James , Polite Blasé , Venook Alan P. , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Kabbarah Omar
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE

CALGB/SWOG 80405 was a randomized phase III trial that found no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS) in patients with first-line metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy plus either bevacizumab or cetuximab. Primary tumor DNA from 843 patients has been used to discover genetic markers of OS.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Gene mutations were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Microsatellite status was determined by genotyping of microsatellites. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was determined by next-generation sequencing. Cox proportional hazard models were used, with adjusting factors. Interaction of molecular alterations with either the bevacizumab or the cetuximab arms was tested.

RESULTS

Patients with high TMB in their tumors had longer OS than did patients with low TMB (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.57 to 0.95]; P = .02). In patients with microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) tumors, longer OS was observed in the bevacizumab arm than in the cetuximab arm (HR, 0.13 [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.30]; interaction P < .001 for interaction between microsatellite status and the two arms). Patients with BRAF mutant tumors had shorter OS than did patients with wild-type (WT) tumors (HR, 2.01 [95% CI, 1.49 to 2.71]; P < .001). Patients with extended RAS mutant tumors had shorter OS than did patients with WT tumors (HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.26 to 1.84]; P < .001). Patients with triple-negative tumors (WT for NRAS/ KRAS/ BRAF) had a median OS of 35.9 months (95% CI, 33.0 to 38.8 months) versus 22.2 months (95% CI, 19.6 to 24.4 months ) in patients with at least one mutated gene in their tumors ( P < .001).

CONCLUSION

In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated in first line, low TMB, and BRAF and RAS mutations are negative prognostic factors. Patients with MSI-H tumors benefited more from bevacizumab than from cetuximab, and studies to confirm this effect of MSI-H are warranted.
Shared Neuromuscular Performance Traits in Military Personnel with Prior Concussion
Authors: EAGLE SHAWN R. , KONTOS ANTHONY P. , MI QI , FLANAGAN SHAWN D. , NINDL BRADLEY C. , BEALS KIM , CONNABOY CHRIS
Published: March 2019

Concussions are common in military personnel and may result in increased risk of musculoskeletal injury. One plausible explanation for this risk could be that neuromotor deficiencies enhance injury risk after a concussion through altered muscular activation/contraction timing.

Purpose

To compare military personnel with at least one concussion during the past 1 month to 2 yr (CONCUSSED) to military branch-matched, age-matched, and Special Operations Forces group–matched controls (CONTROL) on physiological, musculoskeletal, and biomechanical performance.

Methods

A total of 48 (24 CONCUSSED, 24 CONTROL) male Air Force and Naval Special Warfare Operators age 19 to 34 yr participated in the study. Participants self-reported demographics/injury history and completed the following assessments: 1) physiological—body composition, anaerobic power and capacity, aerobic capacity and lactate threshold; 2) musculoskeletal—lower extremity isokinetic strength testing, including time to peak torque; and 3) biomechanical—single-leg jump and landing task, including landing kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle. A machine learning decision tree algorithm (C5.0) and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the two groups on these outcomes.

Results

Despite nonsignificant differences using ANOVA, the C5.0 algorithm revealed CONCUSSED demonstrated quicker time to peak knee flexion angle during the single-leg landing task (≤0.170 s; CONCUSSED:n= 22 vs CONTROL:n= 14), longer time to peak torque in knee extension isokinetic strength testing (>500 ms; CONCUSSED:n= 18 vs CONTROL:n= 4) and larger knee flexion angle at initial contact (>7.7°; CONCUSSED:n= 18 vs CONTROL:n= 2).

Conclusion

The findings supported the hypothesis that CONCUSSED military personnel would demonstrate altered neuromuscular control in landing strategies and muscular activation. Future research should assess prospectively neuromuscular changes after a concussion and determine if these changes increase risk of subsequent musculoskeletal injuries.
Results of re-irradiation for pelvic recurrence in anorectal cancer patients
Authors: Park Younghee , Kim Kyubo , Park Hae Jin , Jeong Seung-Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Han Sae-Won , Kim Tae-You , Chie Eui Kyu
Published: March 2019

Objective:

To evaluate outcomes and toxicity profiles after re-irradiation in patients with pelvic recurrence of anorectal cancer.

Methods:

25 anorectal cancer patients who received re-irradiation for pelvic recurrence between 2005 and 2015 were included. For initial treatment, all patients underwent surgical resection and preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy.

Results:

The median follow-up duration was 21.5 months (range, 2.9–84.4). After a median of 43.3 months (range, 11.7–218.5), patients received re-irradiation with a median dose of 45 Gy (range, 36–60). The equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) of re-irradiation—calculated using α/β = 10 Gy—ranged from 34.5 to 84.0 Gy (median, 46.4). Surgical resection was performed for 11 patients, and 14 patients received concurrent chemotherapy with re-irradiation. The 3-year local progression-free survival was 29.7%. The 3-year overall survival was 49.7%. Concurrent chemotherapy with re-irradiation and re-irradiation doses >50 Gy EQD2α/β=10 were significant prognostic factors for local progression free survival and overall survival according to multivariate analysis. 90% (9 of 10) of patients with symptoms had improvement after re-irradiation. Among 23 patients available for evaluation of late toxicity, 12 developed late toxicities. There were no Grade 4 late toxicities, and 6 patients had Grade 3 late toxicities (small bowel obstruction, bowel perforation and fistula).

Conclusion:

Re-irradiation for pelvic recurrence of anorectal cancer improved symptoms of patients but the rate of late toxicity was high. Further investigation for patient selection is required.

Advances in knowledge:

Re-irradiation could be considered as a possible option for pelvic recurrence of anorectal cancer in selected patients.
Linac-based stereotactic body radiation therapy vs moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy in prostate cancer: propensity-score based comparison of outcome and toxicity
Authors: Franzese Ciro , D'agostino Giuseppe , Di Brina Lucia , Navarria Pierina , De Rose Fiorenza , Comito Tiziana , Franceschini Davide , Mancosu Pietro , Tomatis Stefano , Scorsetti Marta
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Prostate cancer represents the second most common malignancy in the world and majority of patients have diagnosis of localized disease. The aim of the present study was to compare two cohorts of patients treated with moderate hypofractionation (MHRT) or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Methods:

We included patients treated between 2010 and 2015. Inclusion criteria were: adenocarcinoma of the prostate; class risks low or intermediate; WHO performance status 0–2. We evaluated rectal, gastrointestinal toxicity and genitourinary. Measures of outcome were biochemical disease-free survival and overall survival. Propensity score was used to approximate the balance in covariates.

Results:

209 patients were included, treated with MHRT (n = 109) or SBRT (n = 100). Median follow-up time was 37.4 months. Rates of biochemical disease-free survival at 1- and 3 years were 100 and 95%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.868). Rates of overall survival at 1- and 3 years were 100 and 97.1%, respectively with no differences between the two groups (p = 0.312). After propensity scoring matching, no differences were observed in terms of acute and late rectal and gastrointestinal toxicity. While mild genitourinary side-effects were more common in SBRT group (45.5% vs 19.5 %), Grade 2 and 3 toxicity was increased after MHRT (11.7% vs 2.6 %; p = 0.029).

Conclusions:

Moderate hypofractionation and SBRT are two effective and safe options for the treatment of low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. The analysis showed no difference in terms of disease’s control and survival but increased moderate and severe toxicity after MHRT.

Advances in knowledge:

Moderate hypofractionation and SBRT are comparable in terms of efficacy while moderate and severe toxicity is more common in the first one.
Organization and Conducting of Internal Audit in Agricultural Holdings with Accounting of the Industry Specifi cs
Authors: Варданян С. , Vardanyan S.
Published: March 2019

Th is article reveals the relationship of the specifi cs of agriculture and internal audit. Th e features of the functioning of agricultural holdings and it’s infl uence on the organization and conduction of internal audit are considered in this article.
The Prospect of Forming a Single Accounting Information Space in the Emerging Digital Economy
Authors: Ковалев Алексей , Kovalev Aleksey
Published: March 2019

Th e article deals with the trends of activation of information exchange between economic entities and the formation of centralized information systems of economic information. Th ese trends will lead to the formation of a single space of accounting information and reformatting the existing accounting model. The Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management has developed a model of double-entry multidimensional structure. Th is model, among other properties, demonstrates the ability to register transactions in a single space of accounting information, which provides a methodological basis for its formation.
Concepções de estudantes sobre a maturidade para a escolha da graduação em Psicologia
Authors: Soares Adriana Benevides , Souza Marisangela Siqueira de , Monteiro Marcia Cristina , Wolter Rafael Moura Coelho Pecly
Published: March 2019

O aumento da oferta e da procura por cursos de Psicologia tem despertado pesquisas para compreender o processo de escolha da carreira e da qualidade da formação no exercício da profissão. O objetivo foi identificar as concepções espontâneas do conceito de maturidade psicológica para a escolha da profissão para os estudantes de Psicologia. Participaram 13 estudantes de uma instituição particular, de ambos os sexos, idade entre 20 e 48 anos (M = 32,15%; DP = 9,54) e de classes sociais diversas. Os períodos foram um (7,7%) participante do primeiro, três (23,1%) do segundo, um (7,7%) do terceiro e quinto respectivamente, três (23,1%) do sexto, um (7,7%) do sétimo e dois (15,4%) do oitavo. O estudo é exploratório, qualitativo e utilizou a metodologia de Grupo Focal. Utilizou-se o software Iramuteq 0.7 para análise dos dados que apontaram para cinco classes gerais. A pesquisa mostrou que a concepção para a escolha do curso de Psicologia tem relação com as características e habilidades autopercebidas e deverão ser desenvolvidas ao longo da graduação. O estudo buscou colaborar com o entendimento do perfil do estudante de psicologia no Brasil e na melhora do processo de formação desses profissionais.
Psicoterapia de grupo com foco na adaptação acadêmica: um experimento com estudantes
Authors: Couto Daiane Bocard do , Vicente Carla Cristine
Published: March 2019

O estudo teve foco na adaptação acadêmica para identificar efeitos da psicoterapia de grupo na elaboração do processo de adaptação em estudantes no primeiro ano da universidade. Participaram do estudo 24 estudantes, quatro do sexo masculino e 20 do sexo feminino, com idades entre 18 e 29 anos, do curso de psicologia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos de 12 pessoas, chamados de grupo A e grupo B. O grupo A frequentou 8 sessões de psicoterapia de grupo. O grupo B funcionou como grupo controle. Ambos os grupos responderam o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas reduzido – QVAr, em dois momentos, no início e no final do período letivo. Os resultados mostraram que o grupo que participou da psicoterapia, ao final do estudo, elevou seu nível de adaptação acadêmica, passando de médio adaptado para bastante adaptado. Enquanto o grupo controle regrediu seu nível de adaptação, indo de bastante adaptado para médio adaptado. Concluiu-se que participação engajada em um grupo psicoterápico auxiliou estudantes a enfrentar seu processo de adaptação acadêmica no 1º ano de graduação.
Metas de socialização de pais e mães de diferentes configurações familiares do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Silva Leticia Oliveira da , Pessôa Luciana Fontes
Published: March 2019

As metas de socialização têm a sua construção mediada pelas crenças parentais e, por conseguinte, pela cultura, sendo de considerável relevância que sejam investigadas de acordo com os contextos nos quais estão inseridas. Com o objetivo de identificá-las em diferentes tipos de família, participaram do estudo 40 pais e mães residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, com filhos entre sete e 11 anos de idade, de três configurações familiares: 10 casais de famílias nucleares, 10 mães de famílias mononucleares e cinco casais de famílias reconstituídas. Foi utilizado um questionário sociodemográfico para coletar dados como idade, gênero e tipo de família e o Inventário de metas de socialização/desenvolvimento para identificar as trajetórias de socialização. Os resultados apontaram que não houve diferenças significativas entre autonomia e relação na amostra geral (Z=-0,96; p>0,05),assim como, não houve diferenças significativas na comparação entre pais e mães nem na dimensão de autonomia (U=138,50; p>0,05), nem na dimensão de relação (U=163,50; p>0,05). Contudo, famílias nucleares tenderam para metas autônomo-relacionais, enquanto famílias mononucleares e reconstituídas para metas relacionais. Tais resultados sugerem, portanto, a relevância em considerar a pluralidade de arranjos familiares nas investigações das metas de socialização.
O objeto da segregação e o campo de concentração
Authors: Brunhari Marcos Vinicius , Darriba Vinicius Anciães
Published: March 2019

O isolamento de um sujeito puro é o fundamento do saber científico, segundo Lacan (1967). Deste sujeito puro está velada a estrutura que comporta a relação com o objeto a e a implicação disso, que Lacan apregoa a uma universalização do sujeito, tem ressonâncias sobre o ser falante e, também, sobre a ordem social. O preço dos avanços civilizatórios se traduz, para além do mal-estar, em efeitos de segregação. Tais efeitos permitem que se questione o estatuto assumido pelo objeto a nesse processo, que tem por contrapartida a ampliação dos processos de segregação atrelada ao futuro de mercados comuns. No velamento da divisão do sujeito procuraremos situar um encontro forjado por meio do objeto produzido pela tecnicização da ciência, sob a injunção do Discurso do Capitalismo. Desde então, avançaremos para sustentar que a matriz para tal processo poderia estar firmada historicamente nos campos de concentração. Tal percurso permite questionar a implicação do objeto a na noção de efeito de segregação.