bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Определение выраженности интернет-диалектов субъектов Российской Федерации
Authors: Миронова Диана Михайловна , Распопин Даниил Игоревич , Окунева Ефросинья Андреевна
Published: July 2022

Несмотря на повсеместное распространение школьного образования, стандартизацию языка и наличие литературной нормы, в лексике языка интернет-сетей в различных регионах присутствует достаточно различий, чтобы успешно определять региональную принадлежность текста.  До сих пор в недостаточной степени раскрыт вопрос о существовании диалектов письменного языка сети. Целью данного исследования являлся поиск и описание диалектов языка интернета. В результате удалось установить существование различимых диалектных групп, доказать влияние географического фактора на формирование и распределение этих групп, а также сгруппировать субъекты Российской Федерации в группы по диалектному признаку. Новизна исследования заключается в применении методов машинного обучения и статистического анализа больших данных для выполнения поставленных целей. Результаты работы способствуют развитию представлений о языке сети как о неоднородной структуре, что может помочь развить более комплексный взгляд на функционирование русского языка и сформировать новые перспективы его изучения.
Функционирование глаголов противостояния типа quarrel в современном политическом дискурсе
Authors: Пупынина Елена Владимировна , Маркелова Оксана Владимировна , Никулина Дарья Евгеньевна , Мухартова Дарья Андреевна
Published: July 2022

Политический дискурс является объектом исследования многих поколений исследователей и не только лингвистов. Среди них можно назвать психологов, философов, социологов, журналистов и других. В связи с последним научная парадигма исследования представлена многими научными школами и направлениями, которые отмечены в статье. В фокусе внимания авторов – функциональные особенности глаголов с семантикой противопоставления, которые широко представлены в политическом дискурсе и используются для введения политического дискурса. Одной из синонимических групп названных глаголов являются глаголы с гиперсемой «спорить/argue», которая детерминирует их общие функциональные признаки. Наличие гипосем каждого глагола предопределяет специфику их функционирования и их дистинктивные характеристики. Дифиниционный и компонентный анализы позволили в полной мере представить лексикографический и комбинаторный потенциал каждой лексемы. Данная методика может быть перенесена на изучение и других лексем со значением противостояния.
To C or not to C? Everything you ever wanted to know about Vitamin C
Authors: Carr Anitra
Published: July 2022

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that humans are unable to synthesise in vivo and so must be obtained through our daily diet. The vitamin C has pleiotropic roles in human health and disease through acting as an enzyme cofactor for a family of metalloenzymes that have numerous biosynthetic and regulatory roles, including epigenetic and gene transcription regulation. Vitamin C has unique pharmacokinetics and a number of factors affect its in vivo concentrations. This presentation will touch upon its roles in diabetes, cancer and infection (including COVID-19), covering both oral and intravenous use, and will debunk much of the controversy surrounding this fascinating vitamin.
“Together to build a life in common”: A solidarity approach to psychoanalytic interventions in the community
Authors: Mansione Isabel , Marcelino Eliane , Tewel Carlos , Zac Diana , Rocha Teresa , Numa Abrahao Lula Maria , Orduz Fernando , Fulco María Cristina , Itlman Mirta , El Maluf Andrea , Pateiro Angelica , Tonolo Dionela , Vale Andre Luiz
Published: July 2022

This article is a collective writing of the FEPAL (Federación Psicoanalítica de América Latina) study group Psychoanalysts in the Community established in March 2020. The group involves psychoanalysts and psychoanalysts in training who represent psychoanalytic institutions and groups of psychoanalysts from Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Colombia and Ecuador. Our extended courses, research and teaching aim at sustaining “solidarity rhythms”, that is, the necessity of empathy and bonding in regard to enjoying meeting with others.

We privilege the “voices of the subjects” in different communities, taking into account their feelings, thoughts and theories. In order to build a humanizing development, it is necessary to be present in a stable way, where a significant attachment is lacking.

The first step in the construction of projects is dreaming. In the case of working in the community it is possible to start the transformation of some forms of existence into others that are more promising for the community, the groups, and the subjects.

In this article, we discuss the terms solidarity ethics (i.e. the absence of lies), solidarity bond (i.e. altruism), interdisciplinary work (i.e. different disciplines), solidarity diversity (i.e. the acceptance of heterogeneity), and active listening (to be receptive to the other), as common denominators of many Latin American projects. These terms constitute the framework that favors the completion of subjectivation when it was interrupted or spoilt. The absence of ethics, affectional bonds and receptivity damage psychic and social growth.
Các yếu tố tác động đến hành vi tập thể hình: Trường hợp nghiên cứu tại thành phố Cần Thơ
Authors: Lộc Lê Hữu , Trang Hà Mỹ
Published: July 2022

Tập thể hình là một môn thể dục thể thao ngày càng trở nên phổ biến. Hành vi tập thể hình chịu sự chi phối bởi nhiều yếu tố từ phía người tập cũng như từ các yếu tố bên ngoài. Nghiên cứu tiến hành khảo sát 220 người đang sử dụng dịch vụ này tại thành phố Cần Thơ. Với phương pháp kiểm định độ tin cậy thang đo (Cronbach’s Alpha), phân tích nhân tố khám phá (EFA) và phương pháp hồi quy Robust nghiên cứu đã xác định các yếu tố tác động đến hành vi tập thể hình của người dân tại thành phố Cần Thơ. Kết quả cho thấy có 3 yếu tố tác động cùng chiều ảnh hưởng đến hành vi tập thể hình đó là: (1) Chất lượng dịch vụ của phòng tập, (2) Cảm nhận về sự tích cực khi tập thể hình, (3) Nhận thức về tính dễ sử dụng. Từ cơ sở này nghiên cứu đã đề xuất một số khuyến nghị như tăng cường hoạt động marketing, cải thiện chất lượng dịch vụ, đa dạng hóa mô hình kinh doanh để thích nghi với bối cảnh đại dịch Covid-19.
Thermal Imaging for Wildlife Applications
Authors: Fawcett Williams Kayleigh
Published: July 2022

Thermal imaging is an exciting technology that can be applied as a powerful tool in a growing number of wildlife research, ecology and management applications. It allows us to see things that have been difficult or even impossible to detect using conventional methods, opening a window onto the worlds of cryptic, nocturnal, secretive and otherwise challenging species. This can offer a range of benefits such as increased accuracy, reduced costs, better efficiency and improvements to health and safety conditions. Yet the relevant information is often largely inaccessible to most wildlife professionals. Thermal Imaging for Wildlife Applications brings together key findings from academic research and applied field protocols, along with the author’s wealth of practical experience, to inform and guide the reader in an approachable and understandable format. This comprehensive handbook includes chapters covering fundamentals of the technology, methods, equipment and detailed discussion of application types, as well as specific sections that focus on terrestrial mammals, bats, marine mammals and birds. The final chapter explores some of the many potential future uses of thermal imaging, before thorough references and a list of resources ensure that this will be the standard work on the subject for years to come.
Production of flood risk maps: Ayancık Stream Example
Authors: NAJATİSHENDİ Elnaz , ERGENE Emine Müjgan , UZAR Melis , BALIK ŞANLI Füsun
Published: July 2022

Natural disasters are events that negatively affect human life and cause material and moral damages. As in the rest of the world, one of the biggest natural disasters after earthquakes in our country is floods. The flood event turns into a disaster in cases caused by human interventions such as the change of the river bed, the increase in the construction on the riversides, and the blocking of the river perpendicular to the flow direction. In this study, risk maps for floods with different return intervals (25, 50, 100 years) were produced with GIS for Ayancık stream in Sinop province. As a result, when the flood risk maps were analyzed, the regions located in the floodplain were considered very risky regions. According to the results obtained, the flood disaster reaches a depth of 7 meters. Ayancık Stream and its surroundings are a very risky area exposed to floods as they have a maximum depth of 3.5 m. In addition, flood risk areas with 50 and 100-year return period floods, increase 3.71 and 12.83 percent, respectively, from 25-year return period flood risk areas. In addition, it was concluded that the majority of the areas affected by the floods in all three turning ranges within the scope of the study area are located in the very risky region, while the extreme risk areas are less than the other risky groups.
公務員詐領加班費、出差費之刑事責任
Authors: 吳巡龍 吳巡龍
Published: July 2022

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Mediastinal Serous Cavity Mesothelioma in Two Dogs
Authors: McDonough Sean P. , Scrivani Peter V. , Gendron Karine , Tse May
Published: July 2022

The mediastinal serous cavity (MSC)—well documented but seldom recognized in the caudal mediastinum—is embryologically derived from the omental bursa. Mesothelioma arising from the MSC in two dogs is described. Both dogs presented with acute life-threatening hemorrhagic pleural effusion. Contrast computed tomography revealed a large solitary spherical-to-cylindrical tumor in the caudal mediastinum with variably thick, contrast-enhancing walls with lobular to frond-like proliferations that arose circumferentially and projected internally into a single, variably sized, fluid-attenuating lumen. The wall and lumen corresponded to the serous membrane and serous cavity of the MSC. Surgical exploration confirmed that both tumors arose from the mediastinum. Both had similar histologic findings, and special stains were necessary for definitive diagnosis. The tumor was nonresectable in one dog, and it was euthanized intraoperatively. The other survived 7 mo. An MSC mesothelioma should be considered a possible cause of hemothorax in dogs that may be detected on thoracic radiography and computed tomography. Differential diagnoses include esophageal foreign body or neoplasm, paraesophageal diaphragmatic hernia, MCS empyema, and pulmonary adenocarcinoma, with thoracic computed tomography helping to rule out foreign body and diaphragmatic hernia. For confirmed neoplasms, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry should be performed to differentiate between mesothelioma and pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Diagnosis and Treatment of a Spinal Intraosseous Keratinized Cyst of L1 in a Dog
Authors: Villm Jessica , Windsor Rebecca
Published: July 2022

An 8 yr old female spayed golden retriever presented for a 3 wk history of progressive pelvic limb ataxia. MRI revealed a well-circumscribed T2-weighted hyperintense, T1-weighted poorly contrast-enhancing extradural mass to the right of the spinal cord at the level of L1 causing severe spinal cord compression. A right-sided hemilaminectomy was performed to remove the mass, and histopathology revealed an intraosseous keratinized cyst. A complete neurologic recovery was made within 2 wk following the surgery. This case illustrates a rare diagnosis and the first case report describing MRI findings and favorable clinical outcome after surgical management of a spinal intraosseous keratinized cyst.
Cystoscopic Abnormalities in Dogs Presented for Episioplasty
Authors: Estrin Alexander , Clarke Dana L. , Holt David E.
Published: July 2022

A recessed vulva is a conformational abnormality that predisposes affected dogs to urinary tract infections. An episioplasty can be recommended for correction of this abnormality when medical management of recurrent urinary tract infection fails. The objective of this study was to investigate the type and incidence of urogenital abnormalities visualized by cystoscopy in dogs presenting for episioplasty. Medical records of 29 dogs that presented for an episioplasty and had a concurrent or prior cystoscopy were reviewed. Eleven of the 29 dogs had urogenital abnormalities diagnosed on cystoscopic evaluation, and 1 dog was diagnosed with a urogenital abnormality during vaginal examination while under general anesthesia. Ten of the dogs with urogenital abnormalities had a corrective procedure performed, 8 of which were cystoscopically assisted. Cystoscopy provides the ability to directly visualize the urinary tract and obtain samples for biopsy and culture and facilitates correction of some anatomic abnormalities that may predispose the patient to developing recurrent urinary tract infections. Cystoscopy should be considered as a routine part of a thorough evaluation of the urinary tract in cases presenting for episioplasty.
Outcome of Localized Bile Duct Carcinoma in Six Dogs Treated with Liver Lobectomy
Authors: Maeda Atsushi , Goto Sho , Iwasaki Ryota , Yamada Koji , Murakami Mami , Sakai Hiroki , Mori Takashi
Published: July 2022

The prognosis for bile duct carcinoma in dogs is generally believed to be poor. However, only a few studies have evaluated the postoperative outcomes in such cases. The objective of this case series was to describe the postoperative outcomes of localized intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma in dogs. The electronic medical records of 16 dogs with bile duct carcinoma were reviewed, and 6 dogs were included in the study. All cases were diagnosed as bile duct carcinoma using postoperative pathology, and five of them had already been diagnosed using preoperative core biopsy. The tumors in all of the dogs were confirmed as completely resected on histopathological examination. Two dogs received toceranib following the surgery. The median follow-up time was 693 days (range, 420–1386 days), with a median survival time of 894 days (range, 420–1386 days). Local recurrence or distant metastases were detected in two of the six dogs (33%) on 354 and 398 days following surgery, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 492 days (range, 354–1386 days). In conclusion, dogs with localized intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma had a good prognosis following complete surgical resection.
Associations Between Atopic Dermatitis and Anxiety, Aggression, and Fear-Based Behaviors in Dogs
Authors: McAuliffe Lindsay R. , Koch Colleen S. , Serpell James , Campbell Karen L.
Published: July 2022

The goal of this study was to determine if anxiety, aggression, and fear-related behaviors are more common in pruritic dogs with atopic dermatitis than nonpruritic, healthy dogs. One hundred forty-one pruritic dogs >1 yr of age with a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and a >3 mo history of pruritus were recruited. Dog owners completed a behavioral survey (canine behavioral assessment and research questionnaire) and a pruritus scale (pruritus visual analog scale). Pruritic, atopic dogs showed significant increases in fear- and anxiety-related behaviors as well as aggression compared with a large control group of healthy dogs. Stranger-directed aggression, owner-directed aggression, familiar-dog aggression, dog-directed fear, nonsocial fear, touch sensitivity, excitability, and attention-seeking behaviors were all increased in the study group. Trainability was decreased in the study group. Chronically pruritic dogs experience fear and anxiety and are more likely to display aggression. This is an important welfare issue for these animals. Early recognition of the behavioral derangements that can be associated with chronic pruritic skin disease could allow early intervention with a multidisciplinary approach for these patients, thus improving patient and owner quality of life and long-term treatment outcomes.
Complete Blood Counts and Blood Smear Analyses in 312 Diabetic Dogs (2007–2017)
Authors: Slead Tanner S. , Woolcock Andrew D. , Scott-Moncrieff J. Catharine , Messick Joanne B. , Moore George E.
Published: July 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in dogs that has been associated with various biochemical changes and comorbid diseases, but hematologic abnormalities have been rarely reported. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate complete blood count and blood smear alterations and to describe their relationship with, and incidence of comorbid diseases in, diabetic dogs. Three-hundred twelve diabetic dogs, 286 dogs diagnosed with systemic, nondiabetic illnesses, and 506 healthy dogs were identified during the study period. Groups were compared using contingency tables and logistic regression. Associations between statistically significant complete blood count and blood smear alterations and comorbidities were evaluated using multivariable analysis. High-grade codocytosis and anisocytosis were identified more frequently in diabetic dogs, whereas high-grade reactive lymphocytosis and keratocytosis were identified less frequently (P < .001). Diabetic dogs with high-grade codocytosis had lower red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit and higher white blood cell counts (P < .001). Diabetic ketoacidosis was diagnosed more frequently in diabetic dogs with high-grade codocytosis when compared with those with low-grade codocytosis (P < .001) or when compared with any other cell morphologic alterations. This study suggests that blood smear analysis should be a routine part of the evaluation of diabetic dogs.
Prefácio
Authors: Groisman Mário
Published: July 2022

O desafio em regeneração tecidual tem sido um tópico de importância para a periodontia e implantologia como ciências e clínica. Quando recebi o convite para prefaciar esta obra, me agarrei a esse manual. Fiquei tão honrado, e com um misto de felicidade, orgulho, e sem dúvida alguma, saudades. Sinto uma saudade gigante do nosso amado amigo Luiz Dantas. A sua observação clínica, a sua humildade grandiosa, e a curiosidade em buscar metodologias que pudessem melhor tratar nossos pacientes que perdem elementos dentários, criando dificuldades como alto custo psicológico, funcional, estético, econômico, e porque não, social. Ter presenciado lindas discussões clínicas e científicas entre Luiz e Guará, colegas e amigos tão generosos com o conhecimento, nos primórdios e no processo evolutivo da técnica, me faz entender a grande responsabilidade que é prefaciar esse manual prático de reconstrução alveolar proteticamente guiada. Os autores, de forma brilhante, nos expõem a essa possibilidade de recuperar forma e volume tecidual com base na “simplicidade” de respeitar o processo cicatricial. Esse manual explicita, com base no entendimento científico atual, a técnica de RAPG. De forma a organizada, o processo de reparo e regeneração tecidual é abordado em suas nuances. Parâmetros, indicações, limitações, assim como necessidades medicamentosas e comportamentais da técnica são visitados nas entrelinhas deste manual. Como clínico, vale ressaltar a riqueza das informações e observações oferecidas, além da clareza do desenvolvimento do processo da técnica, que são ricamente oferecidas por esse manual. A cereja do bolo é demonstrada clinicamente com o procedimento de RAPG, que de forma pouco invasiva, e com baixo custo, nos fascina pela possibilidade de democratizar um procedimento que objetiva o bem-estar de nossos pacientes. Parabéns a esse grupo tão querido, e vamos aproveitar o primoroso trabalho. Boa leitura!!! Professor Mário Groisman
Ciências Aplicadas à Administração de Empresas
Authors:   Sergio Deluiz, Marques Marcia Alessandra Arantes
Published: July 2022

Desde o início do século XX, quando Frederick W. Taylor publica o livro Princípios da Administração Científica, base da Teoria Geral da Administração, até o final daquele século, inúmeros estudos desenvolvidos pelos estudiosos da Administração, em todo o mundo, geraram contribuições que nortearam os procedimentos administrativos nas organizações privadas e públicas. Com o grande impulso da tecnologia da informação, já no início deste século XXI até os dias atuais, o mundo passou a assistir a Quarta Revolução Industrial, chamada “Revolução 4.0”, com o advento das novas tecnologias trazidas por esse movimento, tais como as inovações de internet, computação, robótica, automatização industrial, mundo virtual, entre outras. Essas novas tecnologias chegaram juntamente com novas abordagens e preocupações como a preservação do meio ambiente, o desenvolvimento sustentável, a globalização e o conceito de transparência, fazendo com que as empresas incorporassem diversos procedimentos nesses sentidos agregando novos “valores” a seus produtos e serviços, agora exigidos pelo mercado mundial e pelos consumidores. Nesse novo universo surgem empresas de tecnologia e desenvolvimento de softwares aplicando novas metodologias e processos, como o “DevOps”, para suprir um mercado altamente especializado e outras para oferecer a empreendedores o apoio e conhecimento necessário ao sucesso de seus empreendimentos, tais como as incubadoras e aceleradoras de negócios. Com um mercado altamente competitivo, a velocidade das transações financeiras e a busca por reduções de custos operacionais abrem espaço para o surgimento das startups, fintechs e bancos digitais. Para suprir esse novo mercado, as empresas necessitam de profissionais qualificados, esbarrando, entretanto, na baixa qualidade da formação dos jovens que desejam entrar no mercado de trabalho derivada das condições econômicas, sociais e educacionais no nosso país. Essa baixa qualidade na formação é observada já nas primeiras series do ensino fundamental onde, sem acesso à tecnologia o desempenho dos alunos, especialmente em Matemática, é inferior ao desempenho daqueles que contam com esse acesso, seja na escola ou em casa, além de colocar os jovens estudantes brasileiros muito distante dos jovens estudantes de outros países, situação verificada nas últimas avaliações do Pisa - Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos. Essa situação se perpetua nas séries seguintes até o ensino superior. Essa publicação aborda, em diversos artigos científicos, os assuntos citados oferecendo uma importante visão sobre as atuais necessidades requeridas por essa Revolução 4.0 que estamos inseridos.
DO FÍSICO AO DIGITAL: UM OLHAR SOBRE AS MUDANÇAS DOS HÁBITOS DE CONSUMO DE PRODUTOS E SERVIÇOS FINANCEIROS COM A ENTRADA DOS BANCOS DIGITAIS NO MERCADO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pandolfo Thiago Nery
Published: July 2022

Nos últimos anos as fintechs e os bancos digitais vem entrando no mercado nacional oferecendo produtos com alta tecnologia embarcada. Este movimento tem provocado uma mudança nos hábitos de consumo de produtos financeiros. O presente trabalho busca trazer uma visão sobre estas mudanças sustentadas na teoria do arranjo, desenvolvida por Deleuze e Gattari explorada por outros pesquisadores como Manuel Delanda, Jon Roffe e Bernardo Figueiredo. Os resultados destas pesquisas apresentam quais são os elementos que compõe este ambiente complexo e de que forma elementos externos vem auxiliando seu processo de transformação.
CAPÍTULO 6 INFLUÊNCIA DA INFORMÁTICA NA PERFORMANCE EM MATEMÁTICA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: PARTE I
Authors: Deluiz Sergio
Published: July 2022

Este capítulo objetiva observar a influência da adoção da informática na proficiência em Matemática dos alunos do 5º ano. Foi utilizada pesquisa quantitativa a partir dos dados da Prova Brasil - em 2011, 2013 e 2015, relativos às respostas dos professores e alunos aos questionários aplicados e suas proficiências em Matemática, que foram analisadas considerando a distribuição cumulativa da proficiência, individualizada dos alunos, estratificados socioeconomicamente, em suas respectivas turmas e a distribuição cumulativa da proficiência considerando os níveis medianos da estratificação de cada turma. Foi demonstrado que os alunos, cujos professores utilizaram os recursos de informática obtiveram uma maior proficiência naqueles anos do que os alunos que não tiveram disponíveis tais recursos.
O ativismo judicial segundo a Lei Maria da Penha
Authors: Suxberger Antonio Henrique Graciano , Suxberger Rejane Jungbluth Teixeira
Published: July 2022

A categoria ativismo judicial é apropriada à compreensão da Lei Maria da Penha? O artigo problematiza a crítica ao ativismo, à luz do neoconstitucionalismo, nas expectativas de ações públicas para enfrentamento da violência doméstica. A conformação normativa da Lei Maria da Penha demanda compreensão para além da lei e da Constituição – é preciso avaliar a contribuição das convenções. Além das obrigações normativas, a edição da Lei respondeu aos movimentos sociais de mulheres com o duplo objetivo de erradicar obstáculos à cidadania plena feminina e imprimir igualdade material de gênero. O artigo sustenta a inaplicabilidade da categoria ativismo judicial, pois o processo de elaboração da Lei Maria da Penha tomou o ativismo como premissa de efetividade dos direitos ali previstos. Metodologicamente, o artigo promove revisão da literatura e memória autobiográfica. Ao fim, alerta para a incompreensão das questões de gênero pelos atores do sistema de justiça na condução dos processos.
A Imparcialidade Autoavaliada: as arguições de impedimento e suspeição no Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Carvalho Alexandre Douglas Zaidan de
Published: July 2022

Um dos pontos cegos da tradicional justificativa da autoridade jurisdicional do Supremo Tribunal Federal está na descrição da função e do uso discursivo da sua própria imparcialidade. A partir da aproximação aos dados e discursos relativos à forma como a Corte decide sobre as condições da atuação de seus ministros, este artigo procura preencher essa lacuna ao observar o modo peculiar da articulação paradoxal entre o direito e política refletida no discurso decisório do STF. Para tanto, o trabalho adotou uma abordagem metodológica com enfoque próprio de pesquisa quantitativa. Foram levantadas todas as decisões que encerram os incidentes de suspeição e impedimento no Tribunal, destacando os critérios deliberativos, o poder de agenda da Presidência da Corte e, em especial, a capacidade de reforço da confiança no desempenho imparcial da jurisdição. Por fim, procura-se apresentar um diagnóstico claro do déficit de visibilidade da imparcialidade dos ministros e o seu impacto para a legitimação das respostas da Corte no exercício da jurisdição constitucional.
O Congresso Nacional: busca por uma reforma política
Authors: Lima Neto José Guerra de Andrade
Published: July 2022

Nas circunstâncias atuais do cenário político brasileiro, a necessidade de mudanças na estrutura política se mostra premente. Assim, mais uma vez a sociedade brasileira está diante do tema Reforma Política. Os diversos projetos de leis, bem como as diversas de propostas de emenda à Constituição tratavam exclusivamente de pontos oriundos do Direito Eleitoral, a exemplo, do voto distrital, e suas diversas ramificações e compreensões jurídicas, financiamento das campanhas eleitorais, voto proporcional e possibilidade de reeleição para os chefes dos Poder Executivo. Dentro dessa perspectiva aborda-se um debate que se trava deste o ano de 2015 sobre o tema Reforma Política no Congresso Nacional, por meio da Comissão Especial criada para discorrer sobre esse tema, bem como a proposta de emenda à Constituição Federal que serviria de norte para as futuras modificações constitucionais e legislativas.
India: una potencia emergente y su rol en Asia Meridional. Dimensiones políticas, económicas y culturales en el siglo XXI
Authors: Gaete Venegas Gloria
Published: July 2022

En las dos últimas décadas, India se ha convertido en una potencia emergente y se ha preocupado de su desarrollo, de su imagen internacional y del papel que puede llegar a cumplir; pero no se sabe mucho acerca de India a nivel regional. Es por eso que el objetivo de esta investigación es describir su rol como potencia emergente en Asia Meridional, en sus dimensiones política, económica y cultural. Para esto se analizarán tres puntos, primero el rol político y militar del país, a través de su conflicto

con Pakistán y la lucha contra el terrorismo en Afganistán; el segundo es el papel de India en la Asociación Surasiática de Cooperación Regional, y por último, el hinduismo y su importancia en el continente asiático.
La política agrícola común europea en el contexto de los procesos de negociación en la OMC
Authors: Boza Sofía , Fernández Ardavín Ana
Published: July 2022

La política comercial de la Unión Europea ha tenido como uno de sus pilares una intensa y sostenida participación en los procesos de negociación en la Organización Mundial de Comercio. En este sentido, un asunto especialmente sensible para la Unión Europea, en dichas negociaciones, han sido las normas referentes al comercio agrícola internacional. Mediante el presente artículo se muestran los elementos clave de los recientes procesos de reforma de la Política Agrícola Común, así como el

estado y resultados de las negociaciones de la OMC en materia agrícola dentro de la Ronda de Uruguay y de la Ronda de Doha. Todo ello con el propósito de poder aproximar los vínculos existentes.
Los desafíos ambientales de las poblaciones indígenas en el Ártico
Authors: Torrecuadrada García-Lozano Ma. Soledad , Fernández Egea Rosa María
Published: July 2022

La especial vulnerabilidad de los pueblos indígenas del Ártico se ha visto acrecentada en las últimas décadas debido a distintos desafíos medioambientales. Por un lado, el calentamiento global es causante del deshielo de esta región y la carencia de recursos naturales importantes para estas poblaciones. Estos cambios no solo afectan su calidad de vida, sino también su identidad cultural, ya que las condiciones climáticas en las que su existencia se ha desarrollado durante siglos están cambiando muy rápidamente. Por otro lado, la Unión Europea ha adoptado una serie de medidas comerciales que prohíben la importación y comercialización de los productos de focas en su territorio, aunque se permite el comercio de los productos de focas capturadas por las comunidades Inuit. La excepción fue introducida para protegerlos, ya que la caza de focas es un elemento importante de su cultura y supervivencia, pero su compatibilidad con el Derecho de la Organización Mundial de Comercio ha sido cuestionada.
Costos para la Región de Arica y Parinacota incurridos por el cumplimiento del Tratado de Paz y Amistad de 1904 y otras facilidades concedidas por Chile a Bolivia
Authors: Thomson Ian , Bradanovich Pozo Tomás
Published: July 2022

En este artículo se describen los costos para la Región de Arica y Parinacota, como consecuencia de la ejecución de las normas del Tratado de Paz y Amistad del año 1904, firmado entre las repúblicas de Chile y Bolivia, además de otros compromisos, no obligatorios, asumidos por Chile a favor de Bolivia. En particular, se presenta la problemática de las dos vías de transporte de carga desde Arica hacia Bolivia: la ruta 11-CH entre Arica y Tambo Quemado y el Ferrocarril Arica-La Paz.

Se ha calculado, en base a información de los años 2001 al 2008, un costo mínimo de US$ 6,12 por tonelada de carga movilizada a través de la Ruta 11-CH. Se muestra el gran aumento de las inversiones en esta ruta, actualmente en ejecución y programadas hasta el año 2023, que significarán costos mucho más altos a futuro. Finalmente, se mencionan otras externalidades negativas no evaluadas monetariamente. Este cálculo no incluye la compensación de almacenamiento por parte del fisco a la empresa concesionaria Terminal Portuaria Arica (TPA) y otros costos para el Estado de Chile, como tarifas preferenciales y exenciones impositivas.
Problemáticas de autodeterminación en Timor Oriental y Sahara Occidental: los contextos que propiciaron la intervención internacional
Authors: Devia Garzón Camilo Andrés
Published: July 2022

Este artículo pretende demostrar la existencia de elementos trasversales de análisis en los procesos históricos de Timor Oriental y Sahara Occidental, determinados por problemáticas relacionadas con el derecho a la autodeterminación de los pueblos. Elementos como las características de la colonización europea, la salida de los poderes europeos y la posterior anexión por Estados vecinos, y la relativa relevancia internacional que adquieren los casos finalizando el siglo XX, muestran los elementos coincidentes que presagiaban un final similar para la problemáticas de autodeterminación en los dos casos de estudio, pero que en la realidad no se dio.
Las fronteras desde la perspectiva del Derecho Internacional
Authors: Infante Caffi María Teresa
Published: July 2022

El estudio de la frontera nacional en el Derecho Internacional, abarca un ámbito propio del Estad y su componente territorial. La frase clave según la cual una vez acordado un límite este permanece –en cuanto otra fórmula afectaría el principio de la estabilidad de la frontera−, trae a consideración

cuestiones relativas al título y su consolidación, y al valor de la geografía, la política y la historia en la comprensión del fenómeno limítrofe.
Los procesos de paz en América Latina: El Salvador y Honduras, un estudio de caso
Authors: Arancibia Clavel Roberto
Published: July 2022

El trabajo examina la esolución negociada de los conflictos armados a partir de una reseña de la guerra entre El Salvador y Honduras. Se revisa la situación previa al conflicto en ambos países, caracterizada por una profunda inestabilidad política y la marcada influencia militar. Tras mencionar las razones del distanciamiento, se centra la atención en las operaciones de guerra y en los esfuerzos de las organizaciones regionales por resolver la situación, que luego de diversos altibajos culminaron en el tratado de paz de 1980. Finalmente, se formulan algunas observaciones acerca de los mecanismos de acción a los que se recurrió en el caso y se sugiere la conveniencia de contar con sistemas permanentes de manejo de crisis que permitan impedir que ellas lleguen a constituir un conflicto bélico.
Entre la geografía y el mundo: América Latina ante el sistema global
Authors: Fermandois Huerta Joaquín
Published: July 2022

Este ensayo explora la evolución de las relaciones de América Latina con las grandes potencias, el sistema internacional y, especialmente, EE.UU., por todo el período en que la revista Estudios Internacionales ha sido el portavoz de los internacionalistas chilenos y latinoamericanos. Sitúa el acento en el origen latinoamericano de muchas tendencias de mediano plazo de las políticas exteriores de los países de la región aunque ellas, a su vez, dependan de un entorno mundial signado por las grandes potencias y las corrientes globales y transnacionales.
Chile y Reino Unido: vaivenes de una relación diplomática no siempre tan cordial (1970-1980)
Authors: Bayle Paola
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo se abordarán diez años de relación diplomática entre el Reino Unido y Chile (1970-1980), con el fin de explicar una serie de elementos que confluyeron en el retiro de embajadores de sendas representaciones diplomáticas a partir de la segunda mitad de los años setenta del siglo pasado. En 1975, el Reino Unido llamó a consulta a su embajador en Chile, ante la denuncia de tortura recibida por una ciudadana británica detenida en ese país. Este hecho resume un conjunto de factores, tanto internos como del ámbito de las relaciones internacionales, que derivaron en una relación diplomática no tan cordial. El trabajo realizado en archivos del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Chile y en los National Archives en Londres, nos permitió reconstruir una relación bilateral en el marco de importantes cambios políticos en ambos países.
Conceptos y prácticas de la acción humanitaria latinoamericana en el contexto de la titulización global
Authors: Hirst Monica
Published: July 2022

No tempo presente, a securitização corresponde a uma faceta já plenamente instalada no sistema da ajuda internacional. Se bem as motivações estratégicas sejam de pouca novidade no cotidiano do dar-e-receber entre o Norte e o Sul, seu impacto sobre a ajuda humanitária expandiu-se a partir das repetidas ações de intervenção militar sob a égide das potências mundiais e/ou de organismos multilaterais. Neste quadro, contraiu-se espaço e desvirtuou-se o sentido da ajuda para o desenvolvimento (AOD) e, por vezes, da ooperação Sul-Sul (CSS). Além de constranger a autonomia do Sul, a securitização condiciona suas capacidades e atrofia seus atributos inovadores.
Swiss Foreign Economic Policy: Key Challenges with a Focus on US Trade Protectionist Measures
Authors: Nell Philippe G.
Published: July 2022

Switzerland needs to be highly competitive and to have a very good access to foreign markets in order to remain attractive for investors. Over the past decades, Swiss foreign economic policy has put a major emphasis on the multilateral level —GATT, WTO—. With the European Union, a very close integration has been achieved. Besides, a broad network of free trade agreements has been established around the world. Nowadays, strong headwinds threaten the status quo and new liberalization steps face complex issues. In addition, US protectionism under President Trump’s America First policy has an increasingly negative impact on the world economy. US actions further deploy growing collateral effects for Swiss firms as the EU and other partner states take precautionary measures and retaliate.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE NATIVE SMALL CARPENTER BEES (CERATINA SPP.) OF NORTH WESTERN, INDIAN HIMALAYAS
Authors: BHAT SUNAULLAH , SUBBANNA A.R.N.S. , STANLEY JOHNSON , PASCHAPUR AMIT UMESH , GUPTA J.P. , KUMAR SANDEEP , MISHRA K.K.
Published: July 2022

Bees are a wonderful creatures on earth; contributing to 73% of pollination services provided byall animals. Although the economic value of domesticated bees is calculated through several scientificmethods, but the actual value of wild bees in terms of economy, ecology and biodiversity are rarelyestimated due to lack of distinct taxonomic keys. Considering the above backdrops, we decided tomolecularly characterize three species of Ceratina native to Indian Himalayas. Three species were reportedas C. sutepensis, C. smaragdula and C. similima based on phylogenetic analysis and comparison with the NCBIdatabase. The COI sequence of C. similima was submitted to the NCBI database for the first time. Nucleotidefrequency analysis showed that partial COI gene sequences were A+T biased (>75%), while the amino acidfrequency analysis showed higher frequency of leucine (16.01%) and serine (11.77%). Multiple sequencealignment of COI sequences of three species illustrated the total variation in 117 SNPâs. Moreover, thepairwise genetic distance analysis reported that C. sutepensis and C.smaragdulawere genetically less distantwhen compared toC. similima. Suchkinds of studies are essential to analyze the biodiversity of location,distinguish cryptic species and develop distinct taxonomic tools for integrative taxonomy of bees.
Is it Simple to Explain the Simple Experiments? How do Solid Bodies Float?
Authors:   Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”, Ivanov Dragia , Nikolov Stefan ,   Plovdiv University “Paisii Hilendarski”
Published: July 2022

This paper considers the floating of solid homogenous bodies with different simple shapes. The stable floating positions attained by the bodies are examined and some qualitative rules are derived to determine those positions. The sensitivity of those stable positions to the exact proportions of the bodies is shown.
Inclusion of the theme “Health of older people” in the Nursing, Physical Education, and Nutrition undergraduate courses of public universities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Claudia Reinoso Araujo de , Gonçalves Monica Villaça , Hennington Élida Azevedo
Published: July 2022

Objective: To analyze education in regard to “Health of older people” in three undergraduate courses in the health area at public universities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, whose National Curriculum Guidelines make a direct reference to this theme, namely, Nursing, Physical Education, and Nutrition. Method: Data were collected through interviews with teachers who have a direct relationship with this theme in their academic activities. These interviews discussed the teacher profiles, the structure and curricular content of academic activities, and the views on the inclusion of this theme in health professional education. Results: “Health of older people” is still little addressed in the university undergraduate courses investigated. According to the teachers, the main causes of the poor relevance of this theme in the curricula are the reduced number of teachers in the area, the education they have received, which was also not sufficient in relation to this theme, and the fact that population aging is a relatively recent phenomenon in Brazil. Conclusions: The teachers interviewed conduct isolated research and activities on “Health of older people”; therefore, there is need to establish more consistent partnerships and cooperation networks so that there is greater development and visibility in this area.
ON HYBRID WARFARE, WITHOUT MYSTIFICATION OR CONSPIRACY
Authors: Palyvoda Volodymyr
Published: July 2022

ON HYBRID WARFARE, WITHOUT MYSTIFICATION OR CONSPIRACY
Perception of teachers towards NEP 2020
Authors: Abraham Mathew Saji , Pai Devika Krishna V. , Preetha R.
Published: July 2022

The NEP 2020 is a visionary policy of the Government of India that promises to transform education for all. NEP 2020 lays impartial to potential of each and every individual and to cultivate ingenuity and skills development. Education is necessary in all aspect of the economy to ensure better growth, employment opportunities, promote innovation, democratic progress, strengthen rule of law, invigorate civic values etc. Teachers are one of the major stakeholders in education. This research is a descriptive study on the perception of college teachers towards the important features of NEP 2020 and brings out suggestions thereby. This study analyses the agreement and disagreement of teachers towards the highlighted features of NEP 2020 on Indian Higher education. Quantitative techniques were used in this analysis and draw conclusion. This research paper analyses the crucial part of policy that aim Indian higher education system like – research culture, use of regional language, privatisation, workload, Establishment of NPST (National Professional Standards for Teachers), training etc.  Study is focused on college teachers of southern Kerala and sampling was done through stratified sampling technique.
study on short term treatment response of connective tissue disease related interstitial lung disease
Authors: Antony Paul T , Roshan Rameez Ahmad , Harikrishnan V , Augustine Sabu
Published: July 2022

Background: Interstitial lung disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from connective tissue diseases. Early detection and prompt recognition of symptoms with appropriate treatment is necessary for effective control of the disease and for better prognosis and long-term survival. Aim: To study the short-term treatment response of patients with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment response of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease patients treated with intravenous pulses of cyclophosphamide (CYP) based on improvements in lung function: forced vital capacity (FVC)% predicted, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)% predicted, dyspnea Borg scale and 6-minute walk test. To determine the factors affecting the treatment outcomes like age, sex, duration of the connective tissue disease, type of connective tissue disease, HRCT type, and presence of PAH. Methods: A cohort study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Rheumatology, and Pulmonology at the Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, and Kerala from November 2015 to June 2017 that evaluated 74 patients having connective tissue disease-related ILD. A detailed history and a thorough clinical examination were done.
Brain tumor segmentation using threshold method
Authors: Kalpana R. , Bennet Anto M.
Published: July 2022

Tumor cells are uncontrolled cells that grow uniformly and without control when they are deprived of normal factors. The death rate from brain tumors among humans is high every year. In the United States, about 50 patients diagnosed with primary brain tumors die each year. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most commonly used and popular methods of diagnosing brain tumors. This research work presented an automated method for brain tumor detection using gray-scale MRI images. This method involved initial enhancement to reduce gray-scale colour fluctuations. A filter was used to improve segmentation.A threshold-based OTSU segmentation instead of colour segmentation in this study because the images were grayscale. Finally, pathology experts gave information that was used to establish the study's focus areas (brain tumor region). The testing results revealed that the proposed strategy outperformed existing available alternatives in terms of accuracy while retaining an acceptable accuracy rate for pathology experts.
Chemical bioactivity of plant latex as an herbal panacea
Authors: Das Sanjita , Divya Divya , Dubey Anupam , Ashish Ashish , Pal Sakshi
Published: July 2022

Traditionally, latex containing plant existence have been viewed as the economical and health promotional entity from natural origin. Preliminary chemical investigations are based on protein or peptide content; along with many other bioactive smaller molecules targeting the health promotion by the management of enlisted disorders in this manuscript. It has also been observed different important metabolites such as, terpenoids, cardenolides, alkaloids having prominent antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, insect repellent and cytotoxic activities. Latexes include distinct phytocomponents that are dissimilar to those involved in their bearing plants. Surveying the viability of plant latex from kind of bioactive chemical resource, this review article covers the chemical depiction of plant latexes for the health benefits of mankind. Subsequently, the recounted persona of various scientific research on latex from different plant origins encouraged the review to explore more about the plant latexes by highlighting their pharmacological benefits for health management.
review on fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods in medical diagnosis
Authors: Lekshmi I , Regees M
Published: July 2022

In a real-world computing environment, the information is not complete, precise, and certain, making it very difficult to derive an actual decision. Uncertainty is a factor that makes the decision-making process more difficult in medical diagnosis. Everyone is different from the other at the physical level as well as mental level, symptoms of a disease expressed by patients are linguistic in nature and vary from person to person. That is why Decision making in medical diagnosis is becoming a vast research field in medical science. In medical diagnosis, generally, uncertainty (vagueness or imprecision) arises due to patients’ vague linguistic expression of their problems to medical experts. The field of medicine and decision-making are the most fruitful and interesting areas of applications of fuzzy set theory. In the present paper, we study the importance of different fuzzy sets and fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods in the field of medical diagnosis.