bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the etiology of aesthetic chills: a behavioral genetic study
Authors: Bignardi Giacomo , Chamberlain Rebecca , Kevenaar Sofieke T. , Tamimy Zenab , Boomsma Dorret I.
Published: February 2022

Aesthetic chills, broadly defined as a somatic marker of peak emotional-hedonic responses, are experienced by individuals across a variety of human cultures. Yet individuals vary widely in the propensity of feeling them. These individual differences have been studied in relation to demographics, personality, and neurobiological and physiological factors, but no study to date has explored the genetic etiological sources of variation. To partition genetic and environmental sources of variation in the propensity of feeling aesthetic chills, we fitted a biometrical genetic model to data from 14,127 twins (from 8995 pairs), collected by the Netherlands Twin Register. Both genetic and unique environmental factors accounted for variance in aesthetic chills, with heritability estimated at 0.36 ([0.33, 0.39] 95% CI). We found females more prone than males to report feeling aesthetic chills. However, a test for genotype x sex interaction did not show evidence that heritability differs between sexes. We thus show that the propensity of feeling aesthetic chills is not shaped by nurture alone, but it also reflects underlying genetic propensities.
Full-length transcriptome analysis of multiple organs and identification of adaptive genes and pathways in Mikania micrantha
Authors: Ruan Xiaoxian , Wang Zhen , Su Yingjuan , Wang Ting
Published: February 2022

Mikania micranthais a notorious invasive weed that has caused huge economic loss and negative ecological consequences in invaded areas. This species can adapt well to invasive environments with various stress factors. The identification of gene families and functional pathways related to environmental adaptability is lack inM. micranthaat the multi-organ full-length transcriptome level. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of fiveM. micranthaorgans using PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing and Illumina RNA sequencing technologies. Based on the transcriptome data, full-length transcripts were captured and gene expression patterns among the five organs were analyzed. KEGG enrichment analysis of genes with higher expression indicated their special roles in environmental stress response and adversity adaptation in the various five organs. The gene families and pathways related to biotic and abiotic factors, including terpene synthases, glutathione S-transferases, antioxidant defense system, and terpenoid biosynthesis pathway, were characterized. The expression levels of most differentially expressed genes in the antioxidant defense system and terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were higher in root, stem, and leaf than in the other two organs, suggesting that root, stem, and leaf have strong ability to respond to adverse stresses and form the important organs of terpenoid synthesis and accumulation. Additionally, a large number of transcription factors and alternative splicing events were predicted. This study provides a comprehensive transcriptome resource forM. micrantha, and our findings facilitate further research on the adaptive evolution and functional genomics of this species.
PD-1 blockade enhances chemotherapy toxicity in oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Davern Maria , O’ Brien Rebecca M. , McGrath Jason , Donlon Noel E. , Melo Ashanty M. , Buckley Croí E. , Sheppard Andrew D. , Reynolds John V. , Lynam-Lennon Niamh , Maher Stephen G. , Lysaght Joanne
Published: February 2022

Chemotherapy upregulates immune checkpoint (IC) expression on the surface of tumour cells and IC-intrinsic signalling confers a survival advantage against chemotherapy in several cancer-types including oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). However, the signalling pathways mediating chemotherapy-induced IC upregulation and the mechanisms employed by ICs to protect OAC cells against chemotherapy remain unknown. Longitudinal profiling revealed that FLOT-induced IC upregulation on OE33 OAC cells was sustained for up to 3 weeks post-treatment, returning to baseline upon complete tumour cell recovery. Pro-survival MEK signalling mediated FLOT-induced upregulation of PD-L1, TIM-3, LAG-3 and A2aR on OAC cells promoting a more immune-resistant phenotype. Single agent PD-1, PD-L1 and A2aR blockade decreased OAC cell viability, proliferation and mediated apoptosis. Mechanistic insights demonstrated that blockade of the PD-1 axis decreased stem-like marker ALDH and expression of DNA repair genes. Importantly, combining single agent PD-1, PD-L1 and A2aR blockade with FLOT enhanced cytotoxicity in OAC cells. These findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into the immune-independent functions of IC-intrinsic signalling in OAC cells with important clinical implications for boosting the efficacy of the first-line FLOT chemotherapy regimen in OAC in combination with ICB, to not only boost anti-tumour immunity but also to suppress IC-mediated promotion of key hallmarks of cancer that drive tumour progression.
GAIT-GM integrative cross-omics analyses reveal cholinergic defects in a C. elegans model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: McIntyre Lauren M. , Huertas Francisco , Morse Alison M. , Kaletsky Rachel , Murphy Coleen T. , Kalia Vrinda , Miller Gary W. , Moskalenko Olexander , Conesa Ana , Mor Danielle E.
Published: February 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disorder in which multiple cell types, including dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons, are affected. The mechanisms of neurodegeneration in PD are not fully understood, limiting the development of therapies directed at disease-relevant molecular targets. C. elegans is a genetically tractable model system that can be used to disentangle disease mechanisms in complex diseases such as PD. Such mechanisms can be studied combining high-throughput molecular profiling technologies such as transcriptomics and metabolomics. However, the integrative analysis of multi-omics data in order to unravel disease mechanisms is a challenging task without advanced bioinformatics training. Galaxy, a widely-used resource for enabling bioinformatics analysis by the broad scientific community, has poor representation of multi-omics integration pipelines. We present the integrative analysis of gene expression and metabolite levels of a C. elegans PD model using GAIT-GM, a new Galaxy tool for multi-omics data analysis. Using GAIT-GM, we discovered an association between branched-chain amino acid metabolism and cholinergic neurons in the C. elegans PD model. An independent follow-up experiment uncovered cholinergic neurodegeneration in the C. elegans model that is consistent with cholinergic cell loss observed in PD. GAIT-GM is an easy to use Galaxy-based tool for generating novel testable hypotheses of disease mechanisms involving gene-metabolite relationships.
Significance of induced hybridized metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles in single-phase nano liquid flow between permeable disks by analyzing shape factor
Authors: Bilal S. , Shah Imtiaz Ali , Ramzan Muhammad , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Elfasakhany Ashraf , Eed Emad M. , Ghazwani Hassan Ali S.
Published: February 2022

The current communication is designed by keeping in the mind high heat transfer capabilities of nanoliquids with the dispersion of diversified-natured nanoparticles in poorly conducting base liquids. Here, an amalgamation of metallic (Cu) and hybridization of metallic and non-metallic oxide (Cu-TiO2) nanoparticles to uplift thermophysical attributes of water is deliberated. The magnetically affected flow between rotating disks under the impact and permeability aspect is assumed. Empirical relations for effective dynamic viscosity, density, and heat capacitance to show mesmerizing features of obliged nanoparticles are also expressed. In addition, mathematical relations also depend on morphological factors like shape, size, and diameter of inducted nanoparticles. The mathematical formulation of the problem is conceded in the form of a system of ODEs after using similarity transformation on dimensional PDEs. Simulations of the complex coupled differential structure are solved by using a numerical approach by employing shooting and Runge–Kutta procedures jointly. The impact of flow concerning variables on associated distributions is revealed through tabular and graphical manner. Quantities of engineering interest associated with work like wall friction and thermal flux coefficients at walls of the disk are also calculated. It is deduced from an examination that the addition of metallic particles raises heat transfer more than non-metallic particles. A significant impression of magnetic field on shear stress is executed by hybrid nanoparticles along the surface of disks. In addition, elevation in Nusselt number and depreciation in skin friction coefficient is revealed against increasing magnitude of nanoparticle volume fraction. A positive trend in skin friction coefficient is manifested against the increasing magnitude of Reynold number. It is also observed that by increasing the size and shape of hybrid nanoparticles thermal conductivity and viscosity of the base fluid increases.
Novel roles of phentolamine in protecting axon myelination, muscle atrophy, and functional recovery following nerve injury
Authors: Zainul Zarin , Ma Bo , Koka Mert , Wilkerson Jenny L. , Ortiz Yuma T. , Kerosuo Laura , Chandran Vijayendran
Published: February 2022

Incomplete functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often results in devastating physical disabilities in human patients. Despite improved progress in surgical and non-surgical approaches, achieving complete functional recovery following PNI remains a challenge. This study demonstrates that phentolamine may hold a significant promise in treating nerve injuries and denervation induced muscle atrophy following PNI. In a sciatic nerve crush injury mouse model, we found that phentolamine treatment enhanced motor and functional recovery, protected axon myelination, and attenuated injury-induced muscle atrophy in mice at 14 days post-injury (dpi) compared to saline treatment. In the soleus of phentolamine treated animals, we observed the downregulation of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (p-STAT3) as well as muscle atrophy-related genes Myogenin, muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF-1), and Forkhead box O proteins (FoxO1, FoxO3). Our results show that both nerve and muscle recovery are integral components of phentolamine treatment-induced global functional recovery in mice at 14 dpi. Moreover, phentolamine treatment improved locomotor functional recovery in the mice after spinal cord crush (SCC) injury. The fact that phentolamine is an FDA approved non-selective alpha-adrenergic blocker, clinically prescribed for oral anesthesia reversal, hypertension, and erectile dysfunction makes this drug a promising candidate for repurposing in restoring behavioral recovery following PNI and SCC injuries, axonal neuropathy, and muscle wasting disorders.
Laser-based ultrasound interrogation of surface and sub-surface features in advanced manufacturing materials
Authors: Harke Kathryn Jinae , Calta Nicholas , Tringe Joseph , Stobbe David
Published: February 2022

Structures formed by advanced manufacturing methods increasingly require nondestructive characterization to enable efficient fabrication and to ensure performance targets are met. This is especially important for aerospace, military, and high precision applications. Surface acoustic waves (SAW) generated by laser-based ultrasound can detect surface and sub-surface defects relevant for a broad range of advanced manufacturing processes, including laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). In particular, an all-optical SAW generation and detection configuration can effectively interrogate laser melt lines. Here we report on scattered acoustic energy from melt lines, voids, and surface features. Sub-surface voids are also characterized using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). High resolution CT results are presented and compared with SAW measurements. Finite difference simulations inform experimental measurements and analysis.
Morphological variation in paediatric lower limb bones
Authors: Carman Laura , Besier Thor F. , Choisne Julie
Published: February 2022

Available methods for generating paediatric musculoskeletal geometry are to scale generic adult geometry, which is widely accessible but can be inaccurate, or to obtain geometry from medical imaging, which is accurate but time-consuming and costly. A population-based shape model is required to generate accurate and accessible musculoskeletal geometry in a paediatric population. The pelvis, femur, and tibia/fibula were segmented from 333 CT scans of children aged 4–18 years. Bone morphology variation was captured using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, a shape model was developed to predict bone geometry from demographic and linear bone measurements and validated using a leave one out analysis. The shape model was compared to linear scaling of adult and paediatric bone geometry. The PCA captured growth-related changes in bone geometry. The shape model predicted bone geometry with root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.91 ± 0.99 mm in the pelvis, 2.01 ± 0.62 mm in the femur, and 1.85 ± 0.54 mm in the tibia/fibula. Linear scaling of an adult mesh produced RMSE of 4.79 ± 1.39 mm in the pelvis, 4.38 ± 0.72 mm in the femur, and 4.39 ± 0.86 mm in the tibia/fibula. We have developed a method for capturing and predicting lower limb bone shape variation in a paediatric population more accurately than linear scaling without using medical imaging.
Encoding in a social feedback context enhances and biases behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of long-term recognition memory
Authors: Schindler Sebastian , Vormbrock Ria , Kissler Johanna
Published: February 2022

Encoding often occurs in social contexts, yet research has hardly addressed their role in verbal memory. In three experiments, we investigated the behavioral and neural effects of encoding context on memory for positive, negative, and neutral adjectives, contrasting a social-feedback group (N = 24) with an explicit verbal-learning (N = 24) and a levels-of-processing group (N = 24). Participants in the social-feedback group were not aware of a recognition session one week later, but their memory was better than the explicit learning or the levels-of-processing groups'. However, they also exhibited the strongest response bias, particularly for positive words. Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed largest early negativities (EPN) and late positivities (LPP) in the social-feedback group. Only in the subsequent slow-wave did the explicit learning group show higher amplitudes than the other two groups, suggesting reliance on strategic rather than automatic processes. Still, context-driven incidental encoding outweighed explicit instructions, specifying a decisive role of social factors in memory.
The shell shape optimization and fluid–structure interaction simulation of hose pump in water-fertilizer integrated fertilizer application
Authors: Ma Xiao , Zhang Lixin , Wang Wendong , Yan Yongchun , Du Chanchan
Published: February 2022

As a new type of under-film drip irrigation, water-fertilizer integrated fertilizer application device in Northwest China, the hose pump has achieved excellent results in practical applications, but its pulsation has exhibited some adverse effects on the fertilization process. By analyzing the cause of pulsation and flow characteristics, we proposed a shell optimization method to reduce pulsation. We used a release time deformation curve as the shape curve of the outlet shell of the hose pump. Based on the fluid–structure interaction analysis, we developed a numerical model of an optimized three roller hose pump and a conventional three roller hose pump for dynamic simulations. The simulation results showed the optimized hose pump flow pressure variation range was reduced by 26.92%, the average fluid flow velocity increased by about 10%, and mass flow rate improved by 8.84% over the conventional hose pump. We tested the optimized hose pump prototype and the conventional hose pump on the test bench. The test results showed that the pulsating pressure variation range of the optimized pump decreased by about 20%, and flow output increased by about 8.63%. These results suggest that shell shape optimization assist in the decrease of flow pulsation and contribute to further hose pump popularization.
Optimization of supercritical-CO2 extraction and pharmacokinetics in SD rats of alkaloids form Sophora moorcroftiana seed
Authors: Hu Chunhui , Gan Xuehui , Jia Qiangqiang , Gao Pan , Du Tao , Zhang Fabin
Published: February 2022

The total alkaloids extracted from the seeds of Sophora moorcroftiana (TAs-SM) have the potential to treat alveolar echinococcosis, a disease included by the WHO in a list of 17 key neglected diseases world-wide. The aims of the current study were first to develop a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method for optimizing TAs-SM extraction, and second, to develop an optimized method for evaluating TAs-SM pharmacokinetics in vivo. The Box–Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process, and ultra-high liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR-ESI-MS) was used to determine the pharmacokinetics of TAs-SM in SD rats. The results indicated the following optimal SFE extraction conditions: pressure = 31 MPa, temperature = 70 °C, time = 162.18 min. With these parameters, total alkaloids could be extracted from each gram of S. moorcroftiana, with the total content being 68.88 μg. The linear range of UPLC-HR-ESI-MS is 0.78–200.00 ng/ml, R2 > 0.99, and the sample recovery is 99–113%. The precision, accuracy, selectivity and stability of the method meet the requirements of US FDA guidelines. To our knowledge this study is the first to establish an SFE method for extracting TAs-SM and the first to employ UPLC-HR-ESI-MS for measuring TAs-SM in rats. These findings provide important contributions for using TAs-SM in further drug development and clinical applications.
Process optimization and modeling of Cd2+ biosorption onto the free and immobilized Turbinaria ornata using Box–Behnken experimental design
Authors: Fawzy Mustafa A. , Darwish Hadeer , Alharthi Sarah , Al-Zaban Mayasar I. , Noureldeen Ahmed , Hassan Sedky H. A.
Published: February 2022

The release of effluents containing cadmium ions into aquatic ecosystems is hazardous to humans and marine organisms. In the current investigation, biosorption of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions by freely suspended and immobilized Turbinaria ornata biomasses was studied. Compared to free cells (94.34%), the maximum Cd2+ removal efficiency reached 98.65% for immobilized cells obtained via Box–Behnken design under optimized conditions comprising algal doses of 5.04 g L−1 and 4.96 g L−1, pH values of 5.06 and 6.84, and initial cadmium concentrations of 25.2 mg L−1 and 26.19 mg L−1, respectively. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were suitably applied, providing the best suit of data for free and immobilized cells, but the Dubinin–Radushkevich model only matched the immobilized algal biomass. The maximum biosorption capacity of Cd2+ ions increased with the immobilized cells (29.6 mg g−1) compared to free cells (23.9 mg g−1). The Cd2+ biosorption data obtained for both biomasses followed pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models. In addition, the biosorption process is controlled by film diffusion followed by intra-particle diffusion. Cd2+ biosorption onto the free and immobilized biomasses was spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic in nature, according to the determined thermodynamic parameters. The algal biomass was further examined via SEM/EDX and FTIR before and after Cd2+ biosorption. SEM/EDX analysis revealed Cd2+ ion binding onto the algal surface. Additionally, FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of numerous functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, amine, phosphate, etc.) participating in Cd2+ biosorption. This study verified that immobilized algal biomasses constitute a cost-effective and favorable biosorbent material for heavy metal removal from ecosystems.
Time and spatially resolved tracking of the air quality in local public transport
Authors: Salthammer Tunga , Fauck Christian , Omelan Alexander , Wientzek Sebastian , Uhde Erik
Published: February 2022

As an indoor environment, public transport is subject to special conditions with many passengers in a comparatively small space. Therefore, both an efficient control of the climatic parameters and a good air exchange are necessary to avoid transmission and spread of respiratory diseases. However, in such a dynamic system it is practically impossible to determine pathogenic substances with the necessary temporal and spatial resolution, but easy-to-measure parameters allow the air quality to be assessed in a passenger compartment. Carbon dioxide has already proven to be a useful indicator, especially in environments with a high occupancy of people. Airborne particulate matter can also be an important aspect for assessing the air quality in an indoor space. Consequently, the time courses of temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide and particulate matter (PM10) were tracked and evaluated in local public transport buses, trams and trains in the Brunswick/Hanover region. In all measurements, the climatic conditions were comfortable for the passengers. Carbon dioxide was strongly correlated with occupancy and has proven to be the most informative parameter. The PM10 concentration, however, often correlated with the dynamics of people when getting on and off, but not with the occupancy. Sensors, equipped with integrated GPS, were installed in the passenger cabins and were found to be useful for recording location-related effects such as stops. The results of this study show that the online recording of simple parameters is a valuable tool for assessing air quality as a function of time, location and number of people. When the occupancy is high, a low carbon dioxide level indicates good ventilation, which automatically reduces the risk of infection. It is therefore recommended to take more advantage of low-cost sensors as a control for air conditioning systems in passenger cabins and for evaluations of the dynamics in public transport.
Intra-topic latency as an automated behavioral marker of treatment response in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: McKernan Elizabeth P. , Kumar Manoj , Di Martino Adriana , Shulman Lisa , Kolevzon Alexander , Lord Catherine , Narayanan Shrikanth , Kim So Hyun
Published: February 2022

Data science advances in behavioral signal processing and machine learning hold the promise to automatically quantify clinically meaningful behaviors that can be applied to a large amount of data. The objective of this study was to identify an automated behavioral marker of treatment response in social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). First, using an automated computational method, we successfully derived the amount of time it took for a child with ASD and an adult social partner (Npairs = 210) to respond to each other while they were engaged in conversation bits (“latency”) using recordings of brief, natural social interactions. Then, we measured changes in latency at pre- and post-interventions. Children with ASD who were receiving interventions showed significantly larger reduction in latency compared to those who were not receiving interventions. There was also a significant group difference in the changes in latency for adult social partners. Results suggest that the automated measure of latency derived from natural social interactions is a scalable and objective method to quantify treatment response in children with ASD.
Association between serum free hemoglobin level and cerebral white matter hyperintensity volume in older adults
Authors: Oh Dae Jong , Kim Jun Sung , Lee Subin , Yang Hee Won , Bae Jong Bin , Han Ji Won , Kim Ki Woong
Published: February 2022

The association between serum free hemoglobin (sfHb) level and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume is controversial. This study is to examine this association considering nonlinearity, sex dimorphism, and WMH type. We enrolled 704 older adults among the participants of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia and visitors to the Dementia Clinic of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. We measured sfHb level in the venous blood and WMH volume (VWMH) using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance images. The association between sfHb level and periventricular VWMH was linear in men (linear regression; β =  − 0.18, p = 0.006) and U-shaped in women (restricted cubic spline; F = 6.82, p < 0.001). sfHb level was not associated with deep VWMH in either sex. These findings were also observed in participants without anemia. To conclude, sfHb level is associated with periventricular VWMH in older adults of both sexes. Maintaining an optimal sfHb level may contribute to the prevention of WMH.
Dynamics of deep-submarine volcanic eruptions
Authors: Newland Eric L. , Mingotti Nicola , Woods Andrew W.
Published: February 2022

Deposits from explosive submarine eruptions have been found in the deep sea, 1–4 km below the surface, with both flow and fall deposits extending several km’s over the seafloor. A model of a turbulent fountain suggests that after rising 10–20 m above the vent, the erupting particle-laden mixture entrains and mixes with sufficient seawater that it becomes denser than seawater. The momentum of the resulting negatively buoyant fountain is only sufficient to carry the material 50–200 m above the seafloor and much of the solid material then collapses to the seafloor; this will not produce the far-reaching fall deposits observed on the seabed. However, new laboratory experiments show that particle sedimentation at the top of the fountain enables some of the hot, buoyant water in the fountain to separate from the collapsing flow and continue rising as a buoyant plume until it forms a radially spreading intrusion higher in the water column. With eruption rates of 10$$^6$$

6

–10$$^7$$

7

$$\hbox {kg s}^{-1}$$

kg

s

-
1

, we estimate that this warm water may rise a few 100’s m above the fountain. Some of the finer grained pyroclasts can be carried upwards by this flow and as they spread out in the radial intrusion, they gradually sediment to form a fall deposit which may extend 1000’s m from the source. Meanwhile, material collapsing from the dense fountain forms aqueous pyroclastic flows which may also spread 1000’s m from the vent forming a flow deposit on the seabed. Quantification of the controls on the concurrent fall and flow deposits, and comparison with field observations, including from the 2012 eruption of Havre Volcano in the South Pacific, open the way to new understanding of submarine eruptions.
Measurement of the mass-flow-rate characterization parameters of high-pressure pneumatic servo slide valves
Authors: Zhang Dijia , Gao Longlong , Zhou Shaoliang , Ma Yuxuan , Li Baoren
Published: February 2022

The mass-flow-rate characteristics of high-pressure pneumatic servo valves (HPSVs) have an important effect on the dynamic performance of high-pressure servo systems. However, these characteristics are difficult to obtain by theoretical calculations and flowmeter measurements owing to the compressibility of high-pressure gas. In this paper, a new measurement method of the mass-flow-rate characterization parameters of HPSVs is proposed based on the principle of the series connection sonic discharge of valve orifices. The effective cross-sectional area and critical pressure ratio of the servo valve orifices can be accurately and efficiently determined by connecting two valve orifices in series and exchanging the flow sequence of the two valve orifices. The two assumptions including the sonic and adiabatic discharge of the proposed measurement method were verified. A comparison between the test and simulation data showed that the accuracy of the measured effective cross-sectional area and critical pressure ratio of the HPSV was high. The measured critical pressure ratio ranged from 0.46 to 0.50, and the flow coefficient represented by the effective cross-sectional area variation decreased with increasing valve opening. These findings have general implications for the accurate design, analysis, and control of high-pressure pneumatic servo systems.
NLRP3 priming due to skin damage precedes LTP allergic sensitization in a mouse model
Authors: Pazos-Castro Diego , Gonzalez-Klein Zulema , Montalvo Alma Yuste , Hernandez-Ramirez Guadalupe , Romero-Sahagun Alejandro , Esteban Vanesa , Garrido-Arandia Maria , Tome-Amat Jaime , Diaz-Perales Araceli
Published: February 2022

Allergic sensitization is initiated by protein and epithelia interaction, although the molecular mechanisms leading this encounter toward an allergic phenotype remain unknown. Here, we apply the two-hit hypothesis of inflammatory diseases to the study of food allergy sensitization. First, we studied the effects of long-term depilation in mice by analyzing samples at different time points. Several weeks of depilation were needed until clear immunological changes were evidenced, starting with upregulation of NLRP3 protein levels, which was followed by overexpression of Il1b and Il18 transcripts. Secondly, we assessed the effects of allergen addition (in this case, Pru p 3 in complex with its natural lipid ligand) over depilated skin. Systemic sensitization was evaluated by intraperitoneal provocation with Pru p 3 and measure of body temperature. Anaphylaxis was achieved, but only in mice sensitized with Prup3_complex and not treated with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, thus demonstrating the importance of both hits (depilation + allergen addition) in the consecution of the allergic phenotype. In addition, allergen encounter (but not depilation) promoted skin remodeling, as well as CD45+ infiltration not only in the sensitized area (the skin), but across several mucosal tissues (skin, lungs, and gut), furtherly validating the systemization of the response. Finally, a low-scale study with human ILC2s is reported, where we demonstrate that Prup3_complex can induce their phenotype switch (↑CD86, ↑S1P1) when cultured in vitro, although more data is needed to understand the implications of these changes in food allergy development.
Visualization of defect induced in-gap states in monolayer MoS2
Authors: Trainer Daniel J. , Nieminen Jouko , Bobba Fabrizio , Wang Baokai , Xi Xiaoxing , Bansil Arun , Iavarone Maria
Published: February 2022

Atomic-scale intrinsic defects play a key role in controlling functional electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here, we present a low-temperature scanning–tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy investigation of a common point-defect in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). We employ a sample preparation method in which the film surface is never exposed to air so that the native dangling bonds surrounding the defects in the film are preserved. Molybdenum vacancies are identified by their three characteristic in-gap resonances by combining scanning–tunneling measurements with parallel Green’s function-based theoretical modeling. The relative energy shifts between the various in-gap states allow us to identify a relative charge difference between two of the observed vacancies. The role of the substrate on the band structure of the defective MoS2 monolayer is unveiled. Our study highlights the effects of the substrate on the in-gap states of common defects found in MoS2 providing a pathway in designing and optimizing 2D materials for electronic applications.
Unraveling the hidden temporal range of fast β2-adrenergic receptor mobility by time-resolved fluorescence
Authors: Balakrishnan Ashwin , Hemmen Katherina , Choudhury Susobhan , Krohn Jan-Hagen , Jansen Kerstin , Friedrich Mike , Beliu Gerti , Sauer Markus , Lohse Martin J. , Heinze Katrin G.
Published: February 2022

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are hypothesized to possess molecular mobility over a wide temporal range. Until now the temporal range has not been fully accessible due to the crucially limited temporal range of available methods. This in turn, may lead relevant dynamic constants to remain masked. Here, we expand this dynamic range by combining fluorescent techniques using a spot confocal setup. We decipher mobility constants of β2-adrenergic receptor over a wide time range (nanosecond to second). Particularly, a translational mobility (10 µm²/s), one order of magnitude faster than membrane associated lateral mobility that explains membrane protein turnover and suggests a wider picture of the GPCR availability on the plasma membrane. And a so far elusive rotational mobility (1-200 µs) which depicts a previously overlooked dynamic component that, despite all complexity, behaves largely as predicted by the Saffman-Delbrück model.
Common synaptic phenotypes arising from diverse mutations in the human NMDA receptor subunit GluN2A
Authors: Elmasri Marwa , Hunter Daniel William , Winchester Giles , Bates Ella Emine , Aziz Wajeeha , Van Der Does Does Moolenaar , Karachaliou Eirini , Sakimura Kenji , Penn Andrew. Charles
Published: February 2022

Dominant mutations in the human gene GRIN2A, encoding NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2A, make a significant and growing contribution to the catalogue of published single-gene epilepsies. Understanding the disease mechanism in these epilepsy patients is complicated by the surprising diversity of effects that the mutations have on NMDARs. Here we have examined the cell-autonomous effect of five GluN2A mutations, 3 loss-of-function and 2 gain-of-function, on evoked NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents (NMDA-EPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons in cultured hippocampal slices. Despite the mutants differing in their functional incorporation at synapses, prolonged NMDA-EPSC current decays (with only marginal changes in charge transfer) were a common effect for both gain- and loss-of-function mutants. Modelling NMDA-EPSCs with mutant properties in a CA1 neuron revealed that the effect of GRIN2A mutations can lead to abnormal temporal integration and spine calcium dynamics during trains of concerted synaptic activity. Investigations beyond establishing the molecular defects of GluN2A mutants are much needed to understand their impact on synaptic transmission.
Pharmacological targeting of MTHFD2 suppresses acute myeloid leukemia by inducing thymidine depletion and replication stress
Authors: Bonagas Nadilly , Gustafsson Nina M. S. , Henriksson Martin , Marttila Petra , Gustafsson Robert , Wiita Elisée , Borhade Sanjay , Green Alanna C. , Vallin Karl S. A. , Sarno Antonio , Svensson Richard , Göktürk Camilla , Pham Therese , Jemth Ann-Sofie , Loseva Olga , Cookson Victoria , Kiweler Nicole , Sandberg Lars , Rasti Azita , Unterlass Judith E. , Haraldsson Martin , Andersson Yasmin , Scaletti Emma R. , Bengtsson Christoffer , Paulin Cynthia B. J. , Sanjiv Kumar , Abdurakhmanov Eldar , Pudelko Linda , Kunz Ben , Desroses Matthieu , Iliev Petar , Färnegårdh Katarina , Krämer Andreas , Garg Neeraj , Michel Maurice , Häggblad Sara , Jarvius Malin , Kalderén Christina , Jensen Amanda Bögedahl , Almlöf Ingrid , Karsten Stella , Zhang Si Min , Häggblad Maria , Eriksson Anders , Liu Jianping , Glinghammar Björn , Nekhotiaeva Natalia , Klingegård Fredrik , Koolmeister Tobias , Martens Ulf , Llona-Minguez Sabin , Moulson Ruth , Nordström Helena , Parrow Vendela , Dahllund Leif , Sjöberg Birger , Vargas Irene L. , Vo Duy Duc , Wannberg Johan , Knapp Stefan , Krokan Hans E. , Arvidsson Per I. , Scobie Martin , Meiser Johannes , Stenmark Pål , Berglund Ulrika Warpman , Homan Evert J. , Helleday Thomas
Published: February 2022

The folate metabolism enzyme MTHFD2 (methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase) is consistently overexpressed in cancer but its roles are not fully characterized, and current candidate inhibitors have limited potency for clinical development. In the present study, we demonstrate a role for MTHFD2 in DNA replication and genomic stability in cancer cells, and perform a drug screen to identify potent and selective nanomolar MTHFD2 inhibitors; protein cocrystal structures demonstrated binding to the active site of MTHFD2 and target engagement. MTHFD2 inhibitors reduced replication fork speed and induced replication stress followed by S-phase arrest and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo, with a therapeutic window spanning four orders of magnitude compared with nontumorigenic cells. Mechanistically, MTHFD2 inhibitors prevented thymidine production leading to misincorporation of uracil into DNA and replication stress. Overall, these results demonstrate a functional link between MTHFD2-dependent cancer metabolism and replication stress that can be exploited therapeutically with this new class of inhibitors.
Visualizing nitroreductase activity in living cells and tissues under hypoxia and hepatic inflammation
Authors: Wang Wei , Cai Jiexuan , Wong Nai-Kei , Hong Meijing , Deng Jianbin , Jin Long , Ran Yang , Zhang Yi , Zhou Yaqi , Guan Bai-Ou
Published: February 2022

An RGD modified water-soluble fluorophore probe was presented for detecting nitroreductase (NTR). The probe showed a remarkable fluorescence “turn-on” signal in the presence of NTR under hypoxia in tumor cells and a hepatitis model.
A NIR, 1H-NMR, LC-MS and chemometrics pilot study on the origin of carvedilol drug substances: a tool for discovering falsified active pharmaceutical ingredients
Authors: Raimondo Mariangela , Borioni Anna , Prestinaci Francesca , Sestili Isabella , Gaudiano Maria Cristina
Published: February 2022

The study explores the profile of carvedilol active ingredients by NIR, 1H-NMR and LC-MS Q-TOF and data were analysed by PCA, cluster analysis and PLSDA. Two different groups of manufacturers based on the geographical area are classified.
Anisotropic crystallization of YAG on the surface of glass by CO2 laser irradiation
Authors: Feizbakhsh Mona , Safari Yazd Nazila , Keshavarzi Ashkan , Doosti Azadeh
Published: February 2022

In this study, we studied the laser process and crystallization of 2D YAG from yttrium aluminosilicate glass.
A transition from solid effect to indirect cross effect with broadband microwave irradiation
Authors: Shimon D. , Kaminker I.
Published: February 2022

The dominant dynamic nuclear polarization mechanism in static samples changes from a combination of iCE and SE to iCE only with increase in irradiation bandwidth.
Equilibrium distribution functions: connection with microscopic dynamics
Authors: Petersen Charlotte F. , Searles Debra J.
Published: February 2022

For a system at equilibrium the phase space density is time invariant. We determine what distribution, if any, is preserved by various dynamics.
Preferential adsorption sites for propane/propylene separation on ZIF-8 as revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Xiao Yuqing , Chu Yueying , Li Shenhui , Xu Jun , Deng Feng
Published: February 2022

Solid-state NMR is employed to determine the adsorption selectivity of propane/propylene mixtures on ZIF-8 and visualize their host–guest interactions. The preferential adsorption sites are deduced from the 1H-1H spin diffusion buildup curves.
Single-, double-, and triple-atom catalysts on graphene-like C2N enable electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction: insight from first principles
Authors: Zhang Jin , An Wei
Published: February 2022

The *NHx intermediates on Mn@C2N are highly stable for n = 3 and unstable for n = 1, rendering Mn@C2N as the optimal candidate for driving the eNRR owing to its moderate binding with NHx (x = 0, 1, 2, 3).
New insights into the NH3-selective catalytic reduction of NO over Cu-ZSM-5 as revealed by operando spectroscopy
Authors: Ye Xinwei , Oord Ramon , Monai Matteo , Schmidt Joel E. , Chen Tiehong , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: February 2022

To control diesel vehicle NOx emissions, Cu-exchanged zeolites have been applied in the selective catalytic reduction of NO using NH3 as reductant. In this work, the local structure of Cu2+ in zeolite ZSM-5 has been revealed by operando spectroscopies.
Dihydromyricetin improves meat quality and promotes skeletal muscle fiber type transformations via AMPK signaling in growing–finishing pigs
Authors: Guo Zhongyang , Chen Xiaoling , Huang Zhiqing , Chen Daiwen , Li Mingzhou , Yu Bing , He Jun , Luo Yuheng , Yan Hui , Zheng Ping
Published: February 2022

Dihydromyricetin improves meat quality and promotes skeletal muscle fiber type transformations from fast-twitch to slow-twitch via AMPK signaling in growing–finishing pigs.
Synthesis of low glass transition temperature worms comprising a poly(styrene-stat-n-butyl acrylate) core segment via polymerization-induced self-assembly in RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin , Ishizuka Fumi , Kuchel Rhiannon P. , Chatani Shunsuke , Niino Hiroshi , Zetterlund Per B.
Published: February 2022

Synthesis of nanodimensional polymeric worms of low glass transition temperature using aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly.
Durable polymer solar cells produced by the encapsulation of a WSe2 hole-transport layer and β-carotene as an active layer additive
Authors: Zheng Xuan , Miao Xin , Xiao Yufei , Guo Lei , Wang Yalin , Hu Tao , Gong Xinghou , Wu Chonggang , Xiong Chuanxi
Published: February 2022

WSe2 nanoflakes are obtained by liquid-phase exfoliation. Polymer solar cells with NF-WSe2 as the hole transport layer (HTL) are realized with superior photovoltaic characteristics.
Effect of unmelted lime on the element distribution behavior on a CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–FeO–CaF2(–Cr2O3) slag
Authors: Gao Qiang , Cao Longhu
Published: February 2022

The effect of unmelted lime on the distribution of elements and structure of product layers in CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–FeO–CaF2(–Cr2O2) stainless steel slag and the action of unmelted lime phase mechanism in experimental slags was conducted.
Highly sensitive and fast-response ethanol sensing of porous Co3O4 hollow polyhedra via palladium reined spillover effect
Authors: Yuan Guotao , Zhong Yihong , Chen Yufeng , Zhuo Qiqi , Sun Xuhui
Published: February 2022

Pd/Co3O4 HP was developed by simple pyrolysis of Pd doped MOF, which achieved high sensitivity with fast response (12 s)/recovery speed (25 s) for 100 ppm ethanol. APXPS results provide experimental evidence to enhance performance by Pd spillover effect.
Metal–organic frameworks as hypergolic additives for hybrid rockets
Authors: Jobin Olivier , Mottillo Cristina , Titi Hatem M. , Marrett Joseph M. , Arhangelskis Mihails , Rogers Robin D. , Elzein Bachar , Friščić Tomislav , Robert Étienne
Published: February 2022

Hypergolic hybrid rocket propulsion, achieved through the addition of metal–organic frameworks, can contribute to reduce launch costs by simplifying engine design and operation.
Electrochemically driven C–N bond formation from CO2 and ammonia at the triple-phase boundary
Authors: Li Junnan , Kornienko Nikolay
Published: February 2022

Electrocatalytic formation of C–N bonds was achieved through the electrolysis of CO2 and NH3 over Cu catalysts. A combined analytical and spectroscopic approach gave insights into the reaction mechanism leading to formamide and acetamide products.
A review on the role of hydrogen donors in upgrading heavy oil and bitumen
Authors: Zhao Fajun , Xu Tianxiao , Zhu Guangmeng , Wang Kai , Xu Xin , Liu Lei
Published: February 2022

The significant aspects in the downhole catalytic cracking upgrading and viscosity reduction of heavy oil are to develop industrial hydrogen donors with a strong hydrogen supply effect, abundant sources, reasonable price, and environmentally friendly nature.
Crosslinked xylose-based polyester as a bio-derived and degradable solid polymer electrolyte for Li+-ion conduction
Authors: Oshinowo Matthew , Runge James R. , Piccini Marco , Marken Frank , Buchard Antoine
Published: February 2022

A bio-derived polyester has been crosslinked into flexible films for solid polymer electrolyte applications in Li+-ion batteries, with ionic conductivity around 10−5S cm−1at 60 °C, high Li+transference number (0.84), and hydrolytic degradability.
Harnessing near-infrared lightviaS0to T1sensitizer excitation in a molecular photon upconversion solar cell
Authors: Beery Drake , Arcidiacono Ashley , Wheeler Jonathan P. , Chen Jiaqi , Hanson Kenneth
Published: February 2022

An Osmium sensitizer and anthracene annihilator are incorporated into a metal ion linked multilayer photoanode that harnesses NIR light in an integrated triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion solar cell.
A luminescent 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-decorated zirconium-organic framework as an exceptionally sensitive turn-on sensor for ammonia and aliphatic amines in water
Authors: Pavlov Dmitry I. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Ryadun Aleksey A. , Matveevskaya Vladislava V. , Kovalenko Konstantin A. , Benassi Enrico , Fedin Vladimir P. , Potapov Andrei S.
Published: February 2022

A new highly emissive 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-decorated Zr-MOF demonstrated a fluorescence turn-on response to ammonia and amines in water with detection limits in the ppb range.
Polariton condensation in a microcavity using a highly-stable molecular dye
Authors: McGhee Kirsty E. , Jayaprakash Rahul , Georgiou Kyriacos , Burg Stephanie L. , Lidzey David G.
Published: February 2022

We have fabricated organic polariton microcavities that exhibit remarkable photostability, even in the condensation regime.
Multi-functional switch effect in interlocking molecular rotators-on-graphene systems using electric fields
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Qi Fei , Zhao Rundong , Qiu Zijie , Li Yun , Long Mengqiu , Zhou Guanghui
Published: February 2022

We investigate the molecular gears of interlocking rotating 1,2,3,4,5,6-benzenehexacarbonitrile molecules on a graphene nanoribbon. Interestingly, the double-induced switching effect has been demonstrated in our proposed system of molecular motor.
Strategies for highly efficient and stable cesium lead iodide perovskite photovoltaics: mechanisms and processes
Authors: Yu Peng , Zhang Wenjun , Ren Fumeng , Wang Jianan , Wang Haixin , Chen Rui , Zhang Shasha , Zhang Yiqiang , Liu Zonghao , Chen Wei
Published: February 2022

Additive engineering, dimensionality engineering, doping engineering and quantum dot technology can effectively improve the efficiency and stability of the most eye-catching all-inorganic CsPbI3 based PSCs.
A novel nano delivery system targeting different stages of osteoclasts
Authors: Zhang Bongsong , Zhao Juzhi , Yan Hongji , Zhao Yufang , Tian Hui , Wang Cao , Wang Ruiqi , Jin Jiaming , Chen Yue , Yang Chaofan , LI Chunfeng , Jiao Yanwen , Zheng Kaipeng , Zhu Fuxing , Tian Weiming
Published: February 2022

Novel delivery systems of two dual-targeting nanoparticles based on HA, CGRPR-anti, and TRAP peptides were constructed to achieve targeting of osteoclasts at different stages of maturation for delivery relevant drugs.
Ceria–tungsten–tin oxide catalysts with superior regeneration capacity after sulfur poisoning for NH3-SCR process
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Shi Xiaoyan , Lv Zhihui , Yu Yunbo , He Hong
Published: February 2022

A combined study on the anti-sintering ability, SO2-poisoning mechanism and thermal regeneration property of CeWSnOx catalysts for NH3-SCR reaction.
A platinum-based fluorescent “turn on” sensor to decipher the reduction of platinum(iv) prodrugs
Authors: Yao Houzong , Zhu Guangyu
Published: February 2022

Herein, we report a platinum(iv)-based fluorescent “turn on” sensor to investigate the reduction of platinum(iv) prodrugs by simply and conveniently testing the fluorescence intensity.
Viscosity development from oat bran β-glucans through in vitro digestion is lowered in the presence of phenolic compounds
Authors: Northrop Grace , D'costa Adrian S. , Tosh Susan M. , Bordenave Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Phenolic compounds have been shown to lower the viscosity and water binding capacity of β-glucans, thereby reducing the digestive viscosity of oats products.