bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary correlates of overweight and obesity among adolescents during the current nutrition transition: a cross sectional study in Kerala
Authors: C. P. Sivakumar , Joseph Jose , V. D. Manjula
Published: August 2017

Background: Overweight and obesity during childhood is a matter of growing concern among many low and middle income countries. Obesity in the developing world can be seen as a result of a series of changes in diet, physical activity health and nutrition. This is collectively known as ‘nutrition transition.Methods: The present study was conducted in an urban area of Kottayam district in Kerala. The schools were stratified into government, aided and unaided categories. Cluster sampling technique was used and data was collected after informed consent.Results: Obesity and overweight were found to be higher in children who consume butter/ghee, fried local foods, red meat/chicken and pizza/burgers frequently. The factors related to eating behaviour include time for finishing meals, parent force to eat, skipping of breakfast, family eats out and consumption of fast food.Conclusions: Nutritional transition has contributed to the problem of adolescent obesity.
Proximal femoral nail- outcome and complications: a prospective study of 125 cases of proximal femoral fractures
Authors: Chopra B. L. , Kumar Krishan , Khajotia B. L. , Bhambu Ravindra , Bhatiwal Sunil , Shekhawat Vikrant
Published: August 2017

Background: Fractures of the proximal femur are relatively common injuries in adults and common source of morbidity and mortality among the elderly. Fractures of the proximal femur include trochantric and subtrochantric fractures. The present study was designed to evaluate and analyze the role of proximal femoral nail (PFN) in the treatment of proximal femoral fractures.

Methods: It was a prospective study on 125 cases of proximal femoral fractures. The fractures were classified according to AO classification. Salvati and Wilson Score were used for functional assessment.

Results: In this study at 6 months follow up, union was achieved in 123 cases, open reduction was performed in 11% of cases (14 cases). Technical and mechanical complications were noted in 21% cases (27 cases). Reoperation rate was 4% (Five cases). According to Salvati and Wilson scoring system excellent results were seen in 36% of cases (45 cases), good results in 46% cases (58 cases), fair result in 13% cases (16 cases) and poor results in 5% cases (6 cases).

Conclusions: It is concluded from our study that proximal femoral nailing is an attractive and suitable implant for Proximal Femoral Fractures and its use in unstable intertrochantric fractures is very encouraging.
Evaluación de la autorregulación académica en estudiantes de pregrado de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO, en la modalidad virtual distancia.
Authors: Amaya Díaz Laura Patricia , Rincón Jaimes Eduard Anderson
Published: August 2017

Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las estrategias de autorregulación académica implementadas por los estudiantes de pregrado de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios (UniMinuto), modalidad virtual-distancia. En esta investigación descriptiva transeccional se realizó un muestreo probabilístico con una selección al azar en la que participaron 323 estudiantes con un rango de edades entre 17 y 52 años. La autorregulación académica se midió con el DIE 3, cuyos resultados demuestran niveles bajos. Asimismo, se evidencia el grado de motivación en los estudiantes, muy superiores a la media, lo cual confirma que existe la competencia con relación al cumplimiento de sus actividades siempre y cuando se encuentren asistidos o exigidos académicamente. Por otra parte, el autoconcepto académico presenta un aumento en un rango de edad entre 27 y 40 años; luego, tiende a decrecer, permitiendo así inferir el origen de futuros eventos depresivos. En conclusión, se confirma la hipótesis planteada acerca de la no existencia de procesos de autorregulación en los estudiantes; con ello, una nueva hipótesis sobre el modelo virtual-distancia, donde se afirmaría que sólo funcionará en aquellos estudiantes que tengan procesos establecidos de autorregulación.
Valor agregado como indicador de calidad en programas académicos universitarios utilizando resultados de pruebas censales
Authors: Rodriguez Sandoval Marco Tulio , Vilchez Pirela Rafael Alberto
Published: August 2017

El estudio consistió en determinar el valor agregado como indicador de calidad de un programa académico teniendo en cuenta dos momentos de la vida académica de los estudiantes de una cohorte y la construcción de una explicación razonada de esta valoración considerando el aporte que le hace la universidad. Con ello, se pretende una evaluación más justa del logro académico y se compara la magnitud del mismo con el de otras universidades que ofertan el mismo programa académico en la misma modalidad. La metodología implementada en el estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo y es de tipo correlacionar.  Involucró a estudiantes de la cohorte 2013-2 de un programa académico universitario utilizando la información colectada por el ICFES a través de las pruebas censales Saber 11 y Saber PRO. Del análisis de esta información, se priorizó la determinación del logro académico de la universidad. Seguidamente la determinación de los componentes principales de las variables socioeconómica y  sociocultural. Se realizó la correlación de variables con el logro académico y se calcularon sus interacciones, determinando la correlación lineal entre las variables y la fortaleza de las mismas. Con esta información se explica la contribución de cada uno de los factores en el logro académico.
‘The Quranic Garden’: Consumption of Fruits, Vegetables, and Whole Grains from an Islamic Perspective
Authors: Aboul-Enein Basil H
Published: August 2017

The increasing global prevalence of obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities has prompted calls for culturally-congruent dietary patterns and health-promoting strategies and interventions appropriate for specific populations and communities. The Holy Quran is viewed as the primary behavioral and religious guidance for all Muslims around the world. Diets rich in plant-based foods and its protective role in the reduction and prevention of obesity-related diseases have been established. The purpose of this study is to examine passages cited in the Holy Quran with particular reference given to plant foods cited and features of a plant-based diet. A narrative review of the Holy Quran in two formats was conducted to identify plant-based foods. A total of 36 passages were identified in this review with a considerable focus on the consumption of dates, olives, grapes, whole grains, pomegranates, and other plant-based foods. This review supports the Holy Quran as an authoritative culturally-relevant faith-based resource for dietitians, public health educators, and other health professionals operating in Muslim populations and communities around the world to promote dietary patterns rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
A cozinha afro-brasileira no sambajazz: a cultura popular mundializada e o samba moderno
Authors: França Gabriel Muniz Improta
Published: August 2017

Este artigo aborda o movimento do sambajazz, que floresceu junto à bossa nova no contexto da modernização do samba que se deu entre fins dos anos 1950 e início dos anos 1960 no Brasil, com foco na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O sambajazz se distingue da bossa nova pelo maior investimento na seção rítmica, ou “cozinha”, no jargão nativo. Esta prática, voltada para os ritmos da bateria, das percussões e dos baixos, caracteriza, entre outros fatores, a ligação do sambajazz com a tradição da batucada de samba e com a cultura afro-brasileira. Moacir Santos (Flores, PE, 1926 – Pasadena, EUA, 2006), um maestro negro do sambajazz cujo primeiro álbum foi intitulado Coisas afro-brasileiras (1965) e o baterista de samba moderno, Édison Machado (Rio de Janeiro, RJ 1934 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 1990), considerado o “inventor do samba do prato”, são músicos de sambajazz abordados no artigo. O movimento é relacionado ao conceito de cultura popular mundializada e problematizado a partir de sua relação de tensão com a cultura erudita e com a cultura de massas. O alcance internacional desta produção e o padrão de imigração destes músicos para o exterior em fins dos 1960 sugerem que o sambajazz consiste em uma rede transnacional de circulação de práticas culturais.
Igreja, intelectuais e o espaço de poder: perfis sociais e modalidades de atuação de sacerdotes na política e na cultura do Maranhão (1950-1980)
Authors: Melo Hugo Freitas de
Published: August 2017

Análise dos condicionantes que presidiram a intervenção multifacetada de agentes católicos em distintas esferas sociais, particularmente no âmbito da política e da cultura no Maranhão, entre os anos de 1950 e 1980. Focaliza-se a atuação de padres enquanto mediadores culturais e porta-vozes de demandas sociais em consonância com o exercício de seu ofício sacerdotal. A partirdo mapeamento de sua produção escrita e da recomposição de seus itinerários, foram investigados 14 agentes cujo exame de suas propriedades sociais e recursos culturais permitiu (i) a explicitação de determinados perfis de religiosos que se dedicaram à escrita, (ii) a composição de um repertório híbrido da atividade sacerdotal e (iii) o desnudamento dos poderes sociais que engendram a produção intelectual de clérigos. Os resultados apontaram para o entrecruzamento de lógicas distintas de engajamento de sacerdotes, imiscuídas no processo de mutação dos condicionantes institucionais eclesiásticos e de(re)definição dos papéis religiosos.
Criatividade e tradição no campo das culturas populares
Authors: Farias Edson
Published: August 2017

A argumentação atenta para a disjunção estrutural estabelecida entre as ideias-valores autenticidade e criatividade, no campo das culturas populares. Examina as linhas sócio-históricas que deixam ver o desenho de uma dinâmica na qual os efeitos da diáspora negro-africana no Brasil, relativa ao regime da escravidão, informam a composição do campo das culturas populares, sendo este último definido pela maneira como a forma estética do popular se constitui a partir do drama ontológico e estrutural relativo à tensão entre a permanênciada autoridade comunal e a interferência intencionada das agências individuais.Focaliza o gênero “Desfile das Escolas de Samba” inscrito nesse campo social. Observa como contracenam os apelos continuados às matrizes afro-brasileiras do samba, que confeririam autenticidade aos fazeres lúdico-artísticos do evento-concurso festivo Desfile das Escolas de Samba do Rio de Janeiro, e as ênfases postas nos conceitos de criatividade e inovação como núcleos semânticos do aprimoramento da gramática técnico-estética dessa festa-espetáculo.
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Chance Finding in Localized Gingival Overgrowth
Authors: Agarwal Mrinalini , Bhatia Gouri , Wadhawan Vijay , Kumar K.V. Arun
Published: August 2017

Introduction

Gingival hyperplasia is a frequent feature of gingival diseases. However, due to their varied presentations, diagnosis of these entities becomes challenging for the clinician. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) are neoplasms of salivary glands that occur mainly on the hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa, and retromolar area. This malignant tumor less commonly involves the minor salivary glands and very rarely involves gingiva.

Case Presentation

A 35‐year‐old male patient reported with a soft, painless, localized, and recurrent gingival overgrowth in the region of tooth #15. The tissue was excised and submitted for histopathologic examination. Histopathologic examination established a definitive diagnosis of MEC. Healing after excision was uneventful.

Conclusions

This case report emphasizes the importance of histopathologic examination of even a small lesion. Gingival enlargement could be the primary sign of potentially lethal diseases. Therefore, a correct diagnosis of these enlargements could prove lifesaving and improve the quality of life of the patient.
Pemanfaatan buah apel (Malus sylvestris Mill.) lewat matang sebagai substrat nata de apple
Authors: Gazali Achmad , Munawwaroh Anita
Published: August 2017

Malang and Batu are territories for the apel production in Indonesia. overripe and rejected apples become trash only. So, it’s needed to make a solution for raising value. The reseach was conducted in Mei-Juli 2016, having an object to utilize the overripe apel for making substrates of nata de apple. Apples were gotten from malang apple shop. Samples were washed and mixed with water until 50%:50% of ratio (cider A), after that, filtering cider with a gause. Cider was deluted by watering again until achieving 75%:25% (cider B) and 87,5%:12,5% (cider C) of ratio. All ciders were heated to avoid a bacteria contaminant. 100ml each of cider is put into specific bottles and added with 10-20 ml of Gluconobacter xylinus. The ciders were incubated at room temperature. The result of this study showed that the growth of nata de apple on cider A (1.27 ± 0,9cm) is thicker than B (1.27 ± 0,9cm) and nata on cider B was thicker than C (0.13 ± 0,1 cm). The nata weight was 66.7gr for A, 43gr for B and 4.2gr for C. The residual liquid fermentation test showed that the total acid 0.4 mg/ml for A, 0.3 mg/ml for B and 0.1 mg/ml for C. The sugar reduction degree was 17,15 mg/ml of 32.4 mg/ml for A, 8 mg/ml of 26.4 mg/ml for B, and no sugar reduction of 6.3 mg/ml for C. It could be concluded that the cider A resulting the best subrate of nata de apple..
La posesión en dos lenguas indígenas del Gran Chaco
Authors: Messineo Cristina , Gerzenstein Ana
Published: August 2017

El trabajo consiste en la descripción y comparación de las construcciones posesivas de dos lenguas indígenas del Gran Chaco: el toba (familia guaycurú) y el maká (familia mataguaya). A pesar de la diversidad de estrategias documentadas, ambas lenguas presentan mecanismos similares para codificar laposesión, hecho que podría atribuirse a criterios areales. La simetría total o parcial entre los marcadores de posesión y los sistemas pronominales de los verbos es también un rasgo compartido por las dos lenguas y determina los distintos roles que desempeña el Poseedor en las construcciones posesivas.La primera parte está dedicada a las diversas construcciones de posesión atributiva documentadas en toba y en maká: a) con prefijos posesivos directamente aplicados al nombre, b) mediante marcadores de posesión indirecta y c) por medio de clasificadores. El interés en esta sección está puesto en las correlaciones entre las marcas de poseedor y los sistemas pronominales de los verbos y en el rol semántico que asume el poseedor en dichas construcciones. En la segunda parte se presentan las construcciones posesivas predicativas. La noción de evento-esquema (Heine, 1997) para la expresión de la posesión permite mostrar que algunas construcciones formalmente diferentes presentan esquemas similares en ambas lenguas.
Aproximación al sistema de cambio de la referencia (‘Switch-Reference’) en Quechua Boliviano. Perspectiva gramatical y discursiva sobre el contraste-spa -xti
Authors: Dreidemie Patrícia
Published: August 2017

El artículo analiza el uso de dos sufijos del quechua boliviano sureño, –Spa y -Xti, que, formalmente, son considerados subordinadores sintácticos de cláusulas adverbiales. Dado que ambos afijos, desde una perspectiva funcional, codifican una relación de seguimiento de la referencia nominal en el orden local del discurso, se los analiza como instancias de un sistema de ‘cambio de la referencia’ o switch reference. A partir de un corpus registrado en terreno y seleccionado del habla de migrantes bolivianos que se dedican a la horticultura en zonas (semi)urbanas de Buenos Aires –Argentina-, se investiga cómo operan dichos morfemas y se exploran algunas de sus implicancias sintácticas, semánticas y pragmáticas.
Cláusulas relativas em pima bajo
Authors: Estrada Fernández Zarina
Published: August 2017

De acuerdo a los estudios de gramaticalización, la principal meta de esta teoría es la descripción de los procesos mediante los cuales se forman nuevos elementos gramaticales y de cómo evolucionan a lo largo del tiempo. Este artículo trata sobre la gramaticalización del demostrativo higam de Pima Bajo como sufijo relativizador. La discusión abarca la gramaticalización de otros elementos que codifican construcciones funcionalmente equivalentes a las cláusulas relativas. El estudio de los relativizadores en Pima Bajo permite argumentar a favor del principio de analogía como el que motiva la gramaticalización de esos elementos.
Operadores aspectuais de estado marcando o nome em wayana (caribe)
Authors: Camargo Eliane
Published: August 2017

Em wayana, diferentes operadores aspectuais de estado prendem-se ao nome (animados e inanimados); quatro deles são tratados no presente estudo: -me, -ø, -tpë e -npë. Esses marcadores de aspecto, bastante produtivos quando presos a nomes, expressam noções de estado como um continuum a partir de um “antes” até um “depois”. Visto que o jogo de marcas gramaticais e o valor do léxico podem fornecer elementos para uma melhor compreensão da concepção da temporalidade através do sistema de formas temporais e aspectuais, a proposta do presente estudo é apreender os valores de estado dos sufixos acima indicados que se associam ao nome em wayana. Para isso, optamos pela teoria da categoria do aspecto-tempo desenvolvida na Gramática Aplicativa e Cognitiva, GAC (1990), elaborada pelo matemático e lingüista Jean-Pierre Desclés (Sorbonne–Paris IV, LALIC).
HANN?, Katja. (2008). Uchumataqu. The lost language of the Urus of Bolivia. A grammatical description of the language as documented between 1894 and 1952.
Authors: Christino Beatriz
Published: August 2017

O sétimo volume da coleção editada pela Universidade de Leiden “Indigenous Languages of Latin America”, Uchumataqu. The lost language of the Urus of Bolivia. A grammatical description of the language as documented between 1894 and 1952 deixa evidente o rigoroso trabalho de investigação de fontes e análise lingüística empreendido por Katja Hannb, pesquisadora do projeto DoBeS “Uru-Chipaya” de 2005 a 2007. Seu objeto de estudo é a língua Uchumataqu, falada, como informa a autora, até aproximadamente 1950 pelos Uru na região do lago Titicaca nas comunidades de Irohito (situada no nordeste da Bolívia) e de Ch’imu (localizada no sudeste do Peru), assim como na Baía de Puno, em território peruano.
Assinaturas tafonômicas em moluscos recentes e seu significado paleoambiental
Authors: Erthal Fernando , Ritter Matias do Nascimento , Kotzian Carla Bender
Published: August 2017

A partir do tipo de dano (injúria) presente nos restos bioclásticos é possível inferir os processos de alteração de informação biológica que agem durante a incorporação destes restos no registro fossilífero. Tais danos, denominadas assinaturas tafonômicas, possuem direta relação com os fatores ambientais que atuaram após a morte e durante a permanência dos bioclastos no sedimento antes da fossilização final, e durante a eodiagênese. Assim, é possível interpretar as condições ambientais a partir da identificação do padrão de assinaturas tafonômicas presentes (perfil de dano) nos restos fossilizáveis. Propósito deste texto é explorar os prinpadrão de assinaturas tafonômicas presentes (perfil de dano) nos restos fossilizáveis. propósito deste texto é explorar os principais tipos de dano presentes em restos de moluscos (conchas) de acordo com sua origem ambiental. Além disso, será explicado como funciona, tafonomicamente, o intervalo sedimentar onde as assinaturas se originam, com detalhamento da bioturbação e dos principais aspectos geoquímicos presentes nesta zona de alteração dos restos biológicos. Será dada maior ênfase em estudos conduzidos com restos de moluscos marinhos, por serem mais bem conhecidos e mais numerosos na bibliografia. Também será demonstrada a viabilidade de interpretação paleoambiental a partir das assinaturas tafonômicas em moluscos.
Epidural Pneumorrhachis Causing Intraoperative Loss of Motor Potentials During Instrumented Fusion for Scoliosis
Authors: Bhat Suneel B. , Blumer Steven , Shah Suken A.
Published: August 2017

Case:

In a patient who underwent a thoracoscopic anterior release combined with a posterior spinal fusion for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis, unilateral loss of neuromonitoring signals was noted during the posterior instrumentation, and epidural pneumorrhachis was identified by intraoperative O-arm imaging. An immediate laminectomy and decompression of epidural fat and air were performed, resulting in return of the neuromonitoring signals. The patient had no clinical motor or neurological deficits postoperatively, and the posterior spinal fusion was completed successfully 3 days later.

Conclusion:

Epidural pneumorrhachis is a possible complication of scoliosis surgery with pedicle screw fixation, which can result in the intraoperative loss of neuromonitoring signals; however, rapid identification and intervention can result in an excellent outcome.
A Rare Case of Isolated Salmonella Species Group B Sacroiliitis in a Healthy Collegiate-Level Swimmer
Authors: Ennis Hayley E. , Ialenti Marc N. , Jose Jean , Baraga Michael
Published: August 2017

Case:

We present a case of isolated Salmonella species group B sacroiliitis in a healthy 19-year-old collegiate-level swimmer with no known risk factors. To our knowledge, there are no similar cases described in the current literature.

Conclusion:

Pyogenic sacroiliitis (PS) is a rare form of septic arthritis, especially in adults. PS is most commonly seen in the setting of intravenous drug use or in an immunocompromised patient. If a patient does not fit either of these demographics, PS initially can be a difficult diagnosis because of its rarity and vague symptomatology.
The Use of Ultrasound to Exclude Extremity Fractures in Adults
Authors: Døssing Kaj , Mechlenburg Inger , Hansen Lars Bolvig , Søballe Kjeld , Østergaard Helle
Published: August 2017

Background:

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether ultrasonography can be used as a diagnostic tool to exclude extremity fractures in adults.

Methods:

This prospective comparative study involved 91 patients (age, ≥18 years) who had been referred by general practitioners for a conventional radiographic examination of a suspected extremity fracture. No additional clinical examination was performed. Ultrasound examination was consistently carried out prior to conventional radiographic examination, which was regarded as the gold standard. At the end of the study, the positive scans were confirmed by a specialist who was highly skilled in ultrasonography.

Results:

The prevalence of fractures in the study population was 27%. Ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 94%, a positive predictive value of 85%, a negative predictive value of 97%, a positive likelihood ratio of 15.33, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.085. There seemed to be no association between the anomalous results and patient age or the specific anatomical region of the fracture.

Conclusions:

The present study indicates that ultrasonography, when performed and interpreted by experienced ultrasonographers, has high accuracy for the diagnosis of a suspected extremity fracture. No systematic differences were found between the results of radiography and ultrasonography, and ultrasonography showed a high sensitivity and specificity.

Level of Evidence:

Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Association of dengue fever with Aedes spp. abundance and climatological effects
Authors: Betanzos-Reyes Ángel Francisco , Rodríguez Mario Henry , Romero-Martínez Martín , Sesma-Medrano Eduardo , Rangel-Flores Hilda , Santos-Luna René
Published: August 2017

Objective. To analyze the association of dengue fever incidence with Aedes mosquito’s abundance, and the effect of climatological and geographical variables, in a region in Morelos State, Mexico. Materials and methods. Weekly data during the period 2010 to 2014 was used. Mosquito abundance was determined using ovitraps. Confirmed dengue cases were obtained from the Epidemiological Surveillance System. Climatic variables were obtained from weather monitoringstations. The correlation between climate variables and ovitraps data was estimated using a multivariate regression model. Results. A correlation of mosquito abundance with dengue fever incidence, and a yearly pattern with seasonal variations were observed. The daily mean temperature, relative humidity and rainfall parameters were associated with mosquito egg abundance. Time lags of three and four weeks between egg counts and dengue fever incidence were observed. Conclusion. Time lags between egg counts and dengue incidence could be useful for prevention and control interventions.
Prevalencia de sífilis congénita en tres hospitales públicos de Baja California, México, 2012-2015
Authors: Arellano-Estrada Jorge Luis , López-Lara Cinthia Selene , Barreras-Valenzuela Erendida
Published: August 2017

Señor editor: Presentamos los resultados de un estudio descriptivo con base en datos de estudio epidemiológico (EE) de caso para sífilis congénita (SC). El formato contiene antecedentes, síntomas, evolución y asociación con factores de riesgo (FR) del binomio madre-hijo. El análisis se basa en identificar la prevalencia de SC en los Hospitales de la Secretaría de Salud (SSa) de los municipios de Tijuana, Playas de Rosarito y Tecate, Baja California, de 2012 a 2015.
Effects of Cultivar and Ethanol Disinfection on Aseptic Germination of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Seeds
Authors: Li Kunkun , Dong Weiqi , Zhao Yun , Xu Hongxia , Chen Junwei , Xu Changjie
Published: August 2017

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is an economically important subtropical fruit tree, originating and commercially produced mainly in China and Japan. The aseptic seed germination of 13 loquat cultivars, including 9 white-fleshed cultivars and 4 red-fleshed ones, was studied, and the relationship between the germination rate and the content of endogenous ABA in seeds was explored. The germination rate and the seedling height at 80 days after sowing of white-fleshed cultivars were generally higher than that of red-fleshed ones. The ABA content in seeds was generally lower in white-fleshed cultivars, and the ABA content negatively correlated with the germination rate at 80 days after sowing. A moderate detrimental effect of 75% ethanol disinfection on aseptic germination of loquat seeds was observed, especially, for the cultivar Dahongpao, and the germination rate and seedling height were reduced by around half and one-third, respectively. The addition of plant preservative mixture (PPM) to the germination medium at a final concentration of 25 mg·L−1 effectively controlled contamination when the 75% ethanol disinfection procedure was omitted.
Flowering of the Cover Crop Sunn Hemp, Crotalaria juncea L.
Authors: Meagher Robert L. , Nagoshi Rodney N. , Brown James T. , Fleischer Shelby J. , Westbrook John K. , Chase Carlene A.
Published: August 2017

Sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea L., is a warm-season legume that is planted before or after a vegetable cash crop to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil, for weed-growth prevention, and to suppress nematode populations. Sunn hemp flowers may also provide nectar and pollen for pollinators and enhance biological control by furnishing habitat for natural enemies. Despite these benefits, adoption in the United States has been limited because of restricted availability of seeds, particularly in temperate climates. Experiments were conducted in north-central Florida to compare flowering and seed production of domestic and foreign sunn hemp lines across different seeding rates and planting dates. Our objectives were to test whether a low seeding rate would result in the production of higher numbers of flowers and to test whether planting earlier in the season would also result in higher numbers of flowers. Our results over a 2 year period showed that the domestic cultivar AU Golden is capable of substantial flowering and seed production in the test region, confirming the compatibility of local environmental conditions. Seed costs suggest that ‘AU Golden’ is comparable with sunn hemp lines grown in foreign countries and is much less expensive than the standard cultivar Tropic Sun from Hawaii. The results demonstrate the potential economic viability of early flowering cultivars of sunn hemp as a cover crop alternative in Florida to improve soils in agricultural landscapes.
Improved Method of Enzyme Digestion for Root Tip Cytology
Authors: Lattier Jason D. , Chen Hsuan , Contreras Ryan N.
Published: August 2017

Chromosome numbers are an important botanical character for multiple fields of plant sciences, from plant breeding and genetics to systematics and taxonomy. Accurate chromosome counts in root tips of woody plants are often limited by their small, friable roots with numerous, small chromosomes. Current hydrolysis and enzyme digestion techniques require handling of roots before the root squash. However, optimum chromosome spread occurs when the cell walls have degraded past the point of easy handling. Here, we present a new enzyme digestion protocol that is fast, efficient, and flexible. This protocol reduces handling of the roots allowing for long-duration enzyme digestion. Digestions are performed on a microscope slide, eliminating the need for handling digested cells with forceps or pipettes. To illustrate the flexibility of this method across woody plant taxa, we performed chromosome counts on five angiosperms and one gymnosperm. Ploidy levels included diploids, triploids, and tetraploids with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 16 to 2n = 80. The range of holoploid 2C genome sizes spanned 1.54–24.71 pg. This protocol will provide a useful technique for plant cytologists working with taxa that exhibit a wide range of genome size and ploidy levels.
Variation in Ploidy and Karyological Diversity in Different Herbaceous Peony Cultivar Groups
Authors: Yang Liuhui , Zhang Jianjun , Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Yu Xiaonan
Published: August 2017

The karyotypes of 21 herbaceous peony (Paeonia) cultivars were studied using root tip squashes revealing a wide variety of ploidy levels. There were three tetraploid (2n = 4x = 20), 11 triploid (2n = 3x = 15), and one diploid (2n = 2x = 10) cultivars in the hybrid group; five triploid (2n = 3x = 15) cultivars in the Itoh group; and one diploid (2n = 2x = 10) cultivar in the lactiflora group (LG). The asymmetry index (AI) ranged from 59.61% (‘Cytherea’) to 64.03% (‘Little Red Gem’). The karyotypes of all peony cultivars were 2A with 60% metacentric (m), 20% submetacentric (sm), and 20% subtelocentric (st) chromosomes. The karyotypic background of these 21 herbaceous peony cultivars is discussed in the context of the evolution of ploidy and the three cultivar groups. These results provide cytological information that would assist in a peony hybridization program.
Characterization and Transcript Profiling of PME and PMEI Gene Families during Peach Fruit Maturation
Authors: Zhu Yunqing , Zeng Wenfang , Wang Xiaobei , Pan Lei , Niu Liang , Lu Zhenhua , Cui Guochao , Wang Zhiqiang
Published: August 2017

Pectins are synthesized and secreted to the cell wall as highly methyl-esterified polymers and demethyl-esterified by pectin methylesterases (PMEs), which are regulated by pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs). PMEs and PMEIs are involved in pectin degradation during fruit softening; however, the roles of the PME and PMEI gene families during fruit softening remain unclear. Here, 71 PME and 30 PMEI genes were identified in the peach (Prunus persica) genome and shown to be unevenly distributed on all eight chromosomes. The 71 PME genes comprised 36 Type-1 PMEs and 35 Type-2 PMEs. Transcriptome analysis showed that 11 PME and 15 PMEI genes were expressed during fruit ripening in melting flesh (MF) and stony-hard (SH) peaches. Three PME and five PMEI genes were expressed at higher levels in MF than in SH fruit and exhibited softening-associated expression patterns. Upstream regulatory cis elements of these genes related to hormone response, especially naphthaleneacetic acid and ethylene, were investigated. One PME (Prupe.7G192800) and two PMEIs (Prupe.1G114500 and Prupe.2G279800), and their promoters were identified as potential targets for future studies on the biochemical metabolism and regulation of fruit ripening. The comprehensive data generated in this study will improve our understanding of the PME and PMEI gene families in peach. However, further detailed investigation is necessary to elucidate the biochemical function and regulation mechanism of the PME and PMEI genes during peach fruit ripening.
Karyotype and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis of 15 Lilium Species from China
Authors: Liu Guangxin , Zhang Xiaoling , Lan Yue , Xin Haoyang , Hu Fengrong , Wu Zhuhua , Shi Jisen , Xi Mengli
Published: August 2017

Karyotype comparison and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were conducted to analyze the wild Lilium species distributed in China. The karyotype results revealed that all species except Lilium lancifolium (2n = 3X = 36) were diploid and had two pairs of metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes. The karyotypes of all species are similar. FISH analysis revealed that there are 5–12 45S rRNA gene loci dispersed on the chromosomes of the 14 diploid species, and 15 45S rRNA gene loci were detected in the triploid species L. lancifolium. Most of the FISH signals were detected on the long arms and the centromeric regions. Three samples of L. brownii [Hubei, China (lat. 31°28′N, long. 110°23′E); Liaoning, China (lat. 40°07′N, long. 124°19′E); and Guangxi, China (lat. 25°06′N, long. 107°27′E)] showed very similar chromosome patterns in both the karyotype and the FISH analyses, further demonstrating that these samples belonged to the same species. L. brownii is widely distributed in China from latitude 25°06′N to 40°07′N, indicating that it is highly adaptable to the environment.
Inheritance and Linkage Mapping of Eastern Filbert Blight Disease Resistance in ‘Uebov’ Hazelnut
Authors: Bhattarai Gehendra , Mehlenbacher Shawn A. , Smith David C.
Published: August 2017

Eastern filbert blight (EFB) is a serious fungal disease of european hazelnut (Corylus avellana) in North America. The causal agent is the pyrenomycete Anisogramma anomala, which is native in the eastern United States where it occasionally produces small cankers on the wild american hazelnut (C. americana). However, most commercial cultivars of european hazelnut are susceptible. Infection leads to perennial cankers, girdling of branches, and premature tree death. Cultural practices including scouting, pruning out infected branches, and fungicide applications are recommended to slow disease spread but are expensive and not completely effective. EFB resistance from ‘Gasaway’ is conferred by a dominant allele at a single locus and has been extensively used in the Oregon State University hazelnut breeding program, but there is concern that this resistance could be overcome by isolates now present in the eastern United States or that a new race of the pathogen could arise in Oregon. Segregation for EFB resistance from ‘Uebov’, a new source from Serbia, was studied in three progenies by a combination of structure exposure and greenhouse inoculation. The frequency of resistant seedlings following structure exposure was about 20% in all three progenies. The ratios failed to fit the expected 1:1 ratio but did fit a ratio of 1 resistant:3 susceptible, which would be expected if resistance were conferred by dominant alleles at two independent loci. Seedlings from a cross of susceptible selection OSU 741.105 and ‘Uebov’ were used to study correlation of disease response and presence of alleles at microsatellite marker loci. Resistance was highly correlated with the presence of alleles at marker loci on linkage group 6 (LG6), and these markers also showed segregation distortion. We conclude that EFB resistance from ‘Uebov’ maps to a single locus on LG6 in the same region as resistance from ‘Gasaway’, although only about 20% of the seedlings are resistant because of segregation distortion. ‘Uebov’ has large, well-filled, round nuts and is suitable as a parent in breeding for the in-shell market, but its low nut yields and a high frequency of shells with split sutures are the drawbacks. Its use would expand options for breeding and ‘Uebov’ resistance could be combined with other resistance alleles with an expectation of more durable EFB resistance. Durable resistance would not only sustain the hazelnut industry in Oregon but would also allow expansion of plantings to new areas.
Genetic Analysis of Flower Size and Production in Diploid Rose
Authors: Liang Shuyin , Wu Xuan , Byrne David
Published: August 2017

This project examined rose (Rosa ×hybrida) performance by measuring flower size and flower numbers per inflorescence in spring, summer, and fall seasons (mean temperatures 21.7, 30.0, and 18.1 °C, respectively) in interrelated rose populations. Populations and progeny differed in flower size as expected. Heat stress in the summer season decreased flower diameter (18%), petal number (17% to 20%), and flower dry weight (32%). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant population/progeny × heat stress interaction for flower diameter indicating that rose genotypes responded differentially to heat stress. Flower size traits had moderate low to moderate narrow-sense (0.38, 0.26–0.33, and 0.53 for flower diameter, petal number, and flower dry weight, respectively) and moderately high to high broad-sense (0.70, 0.85–0.91, and 0.88 for flower diameter, petal number, and flower dry weight, respectively) heritability. Genotype × environment (G × E) variance (population/progeny × heat stress) for flower diameter accounted for ≈35% of the total variance in the field experiment indicating that heat stress had moderate differential genotypic effects. However, the genetic variance was several fold greater than the G × E variance indicating selection for flower size would be effective in any season but for the selection of a stable flower size (heat tolerant) rose genotype, selection would be required in both the cool and warm seasons. Seasonal differences in flower productivity of new shoots did not appear related to heat stress but rather to the severity of pruning conducted in the different seasons. The number of flowers produced on the inflorescence had moderate narrow-sense (h2 = 0.43) and high broad-sense (H2 = 0.75) heritability with a moderate genotype × pruning effect that explained about 36% of the variance.
Ammonia Oxidizers in a Grazing Land with a History of Poultry Litter Application
Authors: Mundepi Abha , Norton Jeanette , Cabrera Miguel , Franklin Dorcas , Habteselassie Mussie Y.
Published: August 2017

Poultry litter (PL) is widely applied on grazing lands in Georgia. However, it is not clear how its long‐term use affects soil microorganisms and their function. We examined changes in activity and community structure of ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in a grazing land with a history of PL application and compared it to treatment with urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). Soil samples (0–15 cm) were collected in 2009 (after 15 yr of PL application) and in 2013 (after 2 yr of no application). The abundance and community composition of ammonia oxidizers (AO) were determined with molecular techniques that targeted amoA. Nitrification potential (NP) was used for measuring their activity. Abundance of AO was significantly higher in PL (7.41 and 7.10 log copies g soil−1 for AOB and AOA, respectively) than in UAN plots (6.82 and 6.50 log copies g soil−1 for AOB and AOA, respectively) in 2009. This is consistent with NP, which was higher in PL (0.78 mg NO3− –N kg−1 h−1) than in UAN (0.50 mg NO3−–N kg−1 h−1) plots in 2009. The abundance of AO and NP decreased in 2013. There was no treatment effect on the composition of AO. Correlation analysis suggested that AOB were functionally more important than AOA, indicating the need to target AOB for efficient management of N in PL‐receiving soils. Overall, the difference in nitrification between PL and UAN was mainly caused by the change in AO abundance rather than composition, and AO were not negatively affected by an increase in PL‐derived trace metal concentrations.

Core Ideas

Poultry litter application did not negatively impact soil ammonia oxidizers (AO).

This is despite the accumulation of trace metals from poultry litter.

The change in AO activity was mainly due to change in abundance not composition.

Bacteria were functionally more important than archaea in nitrification.

The study suggests targeting bacteria for efficient N management.
Genomic Prediction in a Large African Maize Population
Authors: Edriss Vahid , Gao Yanxin , Zhang Xuecai , Jumbo MacDonald Bright , Makumbi Dan , Olsen Michael Scott , Crossa José , Packard Kevin C. , Jannink Jean‐Luc
Published: August 2017

Genomic prediction (GP) combines genomewide marker data with phenotypic data in a training population to predict the genomic estimated breeding values of untested individuals in a relevant testing population. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of population structure, genotype × trial, tester, and management interactions, and imputation methods on the accuracy of GP for grain yield in the CIMMYT's African maize (Zea mays L.) program. The dataset included 2022 diverse breeding lines in 156 Stage 1 yield trials and 66,000 single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers. The first two principal components from principal component analysis explained 10.5% of the variance in marker data. Based on marker data, five clusters were detected, but cluster of origin explained only 2% of the phenotypic variation. Prediction accuracy, assessed by cross validation, ranged from 0.20 to 0.36 within clusters and from 0.04 to 0.26 across clusters. Mean GP accuracy within clusters (0.27) outperformed pedigree‐based prediction (0.03). Imputation methods did not strongly affect prediction accuracy. Testers and management had large effects. To achieve acceptable GP accuracy within such a diverse population, one can employ (i) a very large training population size, (ii) carefully planned and relevant testers, and (iii) common trial environments and management between the training and validation populations and related genetic materials.
Creating better superconductors by periodic nanopatterning
Authors: Allan Milan , Fischer Mark H , Ostojic Oliver , Andringa Arjo
Published: August 2017

The quest to create superconductors with higher transition
temperatures is as old as superconductivity itself. One strategy,
popular after the realization that (conventional) superconductivity is
mediated by phonons, is to chemically combine different elements within
the crystalline unit cell to maximize the electron-phonon coupling. This
led to the discovery of NbTi and Nb_33Sn,
to name just the most technologically relevant examples. Here, we
propose a radically different approach to transform a ‘pristine’
material into a better (meta-) superconductor by making use of modern
fabrication techniques: designing and engineering the electronic
properties of thin films via periodic patterning on the nanoscale. We
present a model calculation to explore the key effects of different
supercells that could be fabricated using nanofabrication or deliberate
lattice mismatch, and demonstrate that specific pattern will enhance the
coupling and the transition temperature. We also discuss how numerical
methods could predict the correct design parameters to improve
superconductivity in materials including Al, NbTi, and
MgB_22.
Risk Based Internal Auditing dan Implementasinya pada PT IBF
Authors: Anwar Choirul
Published: August 2017

Risks deal with uncertainties. The bigger the uncertainties faced by firms, the larger opportunity and impact of the risks in future. Whether firms succeed in managing risks it depends a lot on the effectivity of internal control. PT Indonesia Buffon Film (PT IBF) is one of many firms trying to optimalize its Internal Audit Department.The main problem in this company is managing the company to survive with accumulated losses over 90% of share capital in the period of 2007 to 2008. This research aims to describe the relationship between internal control and purpose of Internal Audit Department of PT IBF. The main focus is the management crisis happening due to weak leadership within the company. This in turn weakens internal control. Management is suggested to prioritize risks that contribute to the main risk, especially internal factors that can be controlled by management. PT IBF has deployed an implementation of the Australian/New Zealand Standard in Risk Management (AZ/NZS 4360) that helps the main purpose of the Risk Based Internal Auditing. Overall, PT IBF has done well to recognize that there are possible risks in their business operations. However, there are also gaps that must be analyzed and followed up further by management.
Bauran Pemasaran, Manajemen Hubungan Pelanggan dalam Menciptakan Loyalitas Konsumen
Authors: Tauriana Dian , Andhika Andhika
Published: August 2017

The more advanced development of the business world led to the emergence of an increasingly tight competition, which challenge must be faced by PT Serafim Tours and Travel by conducting strategic steps. Maintaining the viability of the company can be achieved by gaining consumer loyalty. To achieve such loyalty is to utilize existing marketing concepts, namely the marketing mix and Customer Relationship Management (CRM). It is important to understand consumers' needs very well (fast and accurate). Through the concept of marketing mix, to think about how your product or service is packaged, giving a brand, having characteristics, level of prices offered, level of discount given, how the products or services are distributed and the latter, through what media service the product will be known. The presence of the CRM will be able to cope with consumer demand since the aim of CRM is to get the core concept of customer that is not obvious and put it in terms of company applications framework. This paper reviews the theory and implementation of marketing mix and CRM and its influence on customer loyalty by using path analysis.
Indonesian Tourists’ Preferences Influence of Conscious and Unconscious Motives
Authors: Ismayanti Ismayanti , Djamhur Ina , Levyda Levyda
Published: August 2017

Motivation is the foremost variable to explain the travel preferences. It is identified that there are two motives of travelling: inner intention as the unconscious motives and outer magnet as the conscious motives. Inner intentions derive from tourists’ mindset and push the actor to perform. Outer magnet is created by destination (tourism supplier, operators, hotelier etc.) to pull the customers. From 331 respondents in Jakarta (capital city) and Bandung as tourist generating regions in Indonesia showed that there are partial element of inner intention that encourage Indonesian to travel: religiousness and leisure time, and there are collective element of outer magnet that fascinate Indonesian tourist: cultural attraction and activities, outrange between domicile region and destination, and sophisticated amenities.