bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Checking C/C++ with Mixed-Size Accesses
Authors: Marmanis Iason , Kokologiannakis Michalis , Vafeiadis Viktor
Published: January 2025

State-of-the-art model checkers employing dynamic partial order reduction (DPOR) can verify concurrent

programs under a wide range of memory models such as sequential consistency (SC), total store order (TSO),

release-acquire (RA), and the repaired C11 memory model (RC11) in an optimal and memory-efficient fashion.

Unfortunately, these DPOR techniques cannot be applied in an optimal fashion to programs with mixed-sized

accesses (MSA), where atomic instructions access different (sets of) bytes belonging to the same word. Such

patterns naturally arise in real life code with C/C++ union types, and are even used in a concurrent setting.

In this paper, we introduce Mixer, an optimal DPOR algorithm for MSA programs that allows (multi-byte)

reads to be revisited by multiple writes together. We have implemented Mixer in the GenMC model checker,

enabling (for the first time) the automatic verification of C/C++ code with mixed-size accesses. Our results also

extend to the more general case of transactional programs provided that the set of read accesses performed by

a transaction can be dynamically overapproximated at the beginning of the transaction.
SEPPDL: A Secure and Efficient Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning Inference Framework for Autonomous Driving
Authors: Bobo Wang , Yang Hongwei , Hao Meng , Zhang Jiannan , He Hui , Zhang Weizhe
Published: January 2025

The autonomous driving system necessitates using privacy-preserving deep learning (PPDL) technologies as the safety assurance for its extensive application. However, existing PPDL solutions depend on intricate protocol designs for robust security. Although leveraging advanced dedicated hardware platforms can significantly improve inference efficiency, the PPDL frameworks that make the best use of hardware platform computility are scarce. Thus, balancing efficiency and security in PPDL remains an open question. This study presents SEPPDL, a secure tripartite inference framework for deep learning based on secret-sharing to balance privacy security and computational efficiency. We reduce the communication and calculation time by designing a deep learning quantisation representation scheme, two new computational protocols, and a computation library that utilises the integer computation units of the GPU. The experimental results show that compared with state-of-the-art PPDL frameworks, the SEPPDL framework reduces the communication and computation delay in the model inference to 1/2 and 1/3 of the existing optimal frameworks while maintaining the accuracy of the model inference. Meanwhile, the SEPPDL framework achieves a 10-fold performance improvement in a lightweight model. As the model scale increases, the performance of the SEPPDL-based model even achieves an 86-fold improvement compared to VGG16.
Comparative Structured Observation
Authors: Mackay Wendy , McGrenere Joanna
Published: January 2025

Although HCI researchers often generate and compare new design concepts, they lack an established method for rigorously conducting qualitative assessments. We define and characterize Comparative Structured Observation as a qualitative research method that takes advantage of the structure of controlled experiments to generate comparable, ecologically relevant experiences with two or more design variants, often implemented as medium-fidelity prototypes. Researchers observe users and ask them to compare and reflect on each variant. We identify criteria for creating a successful Comparative Structured Observation study and illustrate variations of the method by analyzing four published studies. We also examine six additional studies (three “near” and three “far”) to clarify the boundary between what should and should not be considered a Comparative Structured Observation. We discuss the benefits and limitations of the method and argue that gathering comparative reflections about design variants can help researchers assess and advance their design concepts.
Experiences of user-centred design with agile development for clinically supported self-management of Long Covid
Authors: Blandford Ann , Bindman Julia , Bradbury Katherine , Cooper Belinda , Costanza Enrico , Edwards Sandra , Hamilton Fiona L. , Heightman Melissa , Hurst John R. , Hylton Hannah , Linke Stuart , Pfeffer Paul , Ricketts William , Robson Chris , Stevenson Fiona , Sunkersing David , Waywell Jonathan , Goodfellow Henry
Published: January 2025

The aim of the study reported here was to reflect and report on lessons learned from adapting HCI methods to fit into an agile development process delivering a digital intervention for people managing Long Covid. During the project, we maintained a record of all activities and interim design products. Subsequently, selected records were analysed qualitatively. Challenges included engaging patients managing this complex, debilitating health condition and fitting the digital intervention into different and evolving patient pathways provided by clinics. The key contributions of this paper are a description of the clinically supported self-management app, Living With Covid Recovery, and of adapted methods for user-centred design and testing; narratives on engaging diverse clinics integrating a digital health intervention in their care pathways; reflections on designing for diverse users; implications for design of future technologies for supported self-management; and insights into multidisciplinary working that are rarely discussed within HCI.
A Unified Model for Haptic Experience
Authors: Dalsgaard Tor-Salve , Schneider Oliver
Published: January 2025

Designed haptic feedback—technology-mediated touch feedback—has the potential to mediate positive and meaningful experiences. These experiences are rich and complex in nature and thus challenging to design. Established User Experience (UX) and Haptic Experience (HX) models describe the design of experiences; however, they are too general and evaluation-focused to inform haptic experience design. We review 104 publications designing haptic experiences and analyse how researchers consider pragmatic, hedonic, and eudaimonic qualities of haptic experience. Our findings show that researchers mainly engage with the pragmatic qualities of the experience. We thus propose a unified model for HX for understanding the design of haptic experiences, combining key elements of UX and HX research to give haptic designers a tool for thinking about the rich and complex haptic experiences elicited by their designs. This raises open questions for haptic experience research, as designing mediated touch experiences through haptic technology remains challenging.
The July 2024 Issue
Authors: Uhlig Steve
Published: January 2025

This July 2024 issue contains one technical paper, one educational paper, and one editorial note.
Classic Signs on Chest Radiographs: Primer for Residents
Authors: Ufuk Furkan , Ocak Iclal , Akpinar Erhan , Chelala Lydia , Landeras Luis , Montner Steven
Published: January 2025

Classic signs on chest radiographs are an essential educational tool in radiology, and these signs enhance diagnostic accuracy for radiologists across a spectrum of pulmonary and cardiac conditions in acute and nonacute settings.
Cardiovascular MRI–derived Right Atrial Strain for Improved Risk Stratification in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Lange Torben , Beuthner Bo Eric , Schulz Alexander , Backhaus Sören J. , Evertz Ruben , Rigorth Karl-Rudolf , Toischer Karl , Kowallick Johannes T. , Hasenfuss Gerd , Puls Miriam , Schuster Andreas
Published: January 2025

Cardiac MRI–derived imaging markers demonstrated significant prognostic value in individuals with severe aortic stenosis, with right atrial strain independently predicting cardiovascular mortality and enabling identification of additional high-risk subgroups.
Prediction of Monthly Temperature Over China Based on a Machine Learning Method
Authors: Mei Ping , Yin Zixin , Wang Haoyu , Liu Changzheng , Liao Yaoming , Zhang Qiang , Yin Liping
Published: January 2025

Machine learning has achieved significant success in many statistical application scenarios, but has yet to be fully successful in monthly and seasonal predictions. We identified three statistical challenges in climate prediction: instability of statistical models, complexity of feature factors, and the nonlinearity of the relationship between predictors and predictands. These characteristics limit both traditional empirical forecasting and machine learning methods. This paper proposes a novel method called dynamically modeled machine learning to predict monthly temperature anomalies over China. The core idea of dynamic modeling is that the machine learning model is trained using a sliding time window, so that the relationship between predictors and predictands is optimized for a specific and recent period rather than for the entire time span. One hundred thirty indices related to atmospheric and oceanic circulation and other climatic events from the Beijing Climate Center are used as the feature set. After feature engineering, including feature selection and dimensionality reduction, the predictors are generated and input into a regressor. Five machine learning algorithms are employed as regressors one by one: linear regression (LR), ridge regression (RR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting decision trees (GBDTs). The method performs reforecasting for 2012–2021 and compares the results with the output of operational climate models from ECMWF, NCEP, and the Beijing Climate Center. Three quantitative evaluation metrics—predictive score (PS), anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC), and anomaly sign agreement rate—were used to assess the prediction performance of each machine learning regressor, the ensemble model, and three dynamic models. The results demonstrate that the method using GBDTs as the regressor achieves the best predictive performance compared to other methods and operational models, with a monthly average PS score of 84, an ACC value of 0.27, and an anomaly sign agreement rate of 74%.
Analysis of Exosomal miRNA and Hepatic mRNA Expression in the Dysregulation of Insulin Action in Perimenopausal Mice
Authors: Yang Yu , Chen Yu , Liu Changju , Wang Su , Zhao Yijing , Cao Wen , Wang Kun
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of perimenopause on insulin resistance. Specifically, insulin sensitivity was assessed in a perimenopausal mouse model treated with 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), together with the changes in exosomal miRNA and hepatic mRNA expression profiles.

Methods: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was utilized to assess the status of insulin resistance, and insulin action was evaluated during menopausal transition. RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis was used to identify altered expression profiles of exosomal miRNAs and hepatic mRNAs. Differentially expressed miRNA (DEM)–differentially expressed gene (DEG) network analyses were also conducted. Furthermore, altered expression levels of these exosomal miRNAs and genes were validated in plasma exosomes and liver tissue of perimenopausal mice.

Results: HOMA‐IR in VCD‐treated mice was significantly increased, and hepatic glycogen was significantly decreased. Key exosomal miRNAs (miR‐17‐3p, miR‐134‐5p, miR‐700‐5p, and miR‐6899‐3p) and hepatic genes (G6pdx, Ptpn2, Lepr, Kras, and Braf) may be associated with impaired insulin signaling during perimenopause.

Conclusion: The perimenopausal period acts as a potential factor in introducing insulin resistance as evidenced by impaired insulin action and altered expression profiles of exosomal miRNAs and hepatic genes. The present study contributes to the understanding that abnormal cargos carried by plasma exosomes, such as miRNAs, may be related to altered expression of the corresponding genes in the liver and abnormal insulin response.
High‐Impedance Fault Detection in Electric Power Distribution Network Using Local Pattern Transformation Methods and Bidirectional Long Short–Term Memory
Authors: P Rini Varghese , Subathra M. S. P. , George S. Thomas , Peter Geno , Stonier Albert Alexander , N Sairamya , A Ananthi , Ganji Vivekananda
Published: January 2025

The high‐impedance fault (HIF) occurring in medium voltage (MV) distribution networks is dangerous to livestock and personnel due to its arcing nature. The untimely detection of the fault can endanger lives and destroy equipment. Identifying the occurrence of HIF in a power system is a cumbersome task, as fault current falls within the normal current range. The paper analyses current signals from radial and mesh distribution networks and features extracted during HIF and non‐HIF conditions by using the local binary pattern (LBP), local neighbor gradient pattern (LNGP), local neighbor descriptive pattern (LNDP), and local gradient pattern (LGP). In the proposed algorithm, 1D signal analysis for HIF detection in the MV distribution system is performed for the first time for fault analysis. The Kruskal–Wallis test was carried out to get the best feature sets from the extracted features. HIF and non‐HIF were classified by bidirectional long short–term memory (Bi‐LSTM) for the selected feature sets. Among the four algorithms, LGP attains the best accuracy for both networks; hence, the paper recommends that LGP with Bi‐LSTM is more effective for detecting HIF occurrence.
Supplementary tables 1-7 from Biomarkers of Exposure among Adult Smokeless Tobacco Users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Wave 1, 2013–2014)
Authors: Cheng Yu-Ching , Reyes-Guzman Carolyn M. , Christensen Carol H. , Rostron Brian L. , Edwards Kathryn C. , Wang Lanqing , Feng Jun , Jarrett Jeffery M. , Ward Cynthia D. , Xia Baoyun , Kimmel Heather L. , Conway Kevin , Leggett Carmine , Taylor Kristie , Lawrence Charlie , Niaura Ray , Travers Mark J. , Hyland Andrew , Hecht Stephen S. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Borek Nicolette , Blount Benjamin C. , van Bemmel Dana M.
Published: January 2025

Table S1. Urinary BOEs in PATH Study Wave 1. Table S2. Urinary BOEs of Nicotine Metabolites in PATH Study Wave 1. Table S3. Urinary BOEs of TSNAs in PATH Study Wave 1. Table S4. Urinary BOEs of PAHs in PATH Study Wave 1. Table S5. Urinary BOEs of VOCs in PATH Study Wave 1. Table S6. Urinary BOEs of Metals in PATH Study Wave 1. Table S7. Urinary BOEs of Arsenic in PATH Study Wave 1.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Small Area Estimation of PSA Testing in US States and Counties
Authors: Liu Benmei , Pleis John R. , Khan Diba , Parsons Van L. , Lee Richard , Cai Bill , Town Machell , Feuer Eric J. , He Yulei
Published: January 2025

Model diagnosis plots from the 2018-2019 county-level delta model. This figure shows the trace plot, the autocorrelation plot, and the density plot of the MCMC values for the model precision parameter A2.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Small Area Estimation of PSA Testing in US States and Counties
Authors: Liu Benmei , Pleis John R. , Khan Diba , Parsons Van L. , Lee Richard , Cai Bill , Town Machell , Feuer Eric J. , He Yulei
Published: January 2025

Model diagnosis plots from the 2018-2019 county-level delta model. This figure shows the trace plot, the autocorrelation plot, and the density plot of the MCMC values for the parameter associated with covariate “% pop speak language other than English at home”.
Supplementary Table S4 from Treatment and Survival Differences between Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Versus Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Anampa Jesus D. , Lin Shuwen , Obeng-Gyasi Samilia , Xue Xiaonan
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Table S4 shows breast cancer-specific survival in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma vs. invasive lobular carcinoma with known HER2 status in different time periods (0–5 years and 5–10 years). Model A is adjusted for histology and clinicopathological features; Model B is adjusted for histology, clinicopathological features, and treatment modalities. Model C is adjusted for histology, clinicopathological features, treatment modalities and socioeconomic status. Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio: CI, confidence interval.
Figure S2 from Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity Is an Independent Predictor of Worse Survival for Gastric Cancer in a Multicenter Safety-Net Patient Population
Authors: Klingbeil Kyle D. , Dillon Dustin L. , Zarrinkhoo Erfan , Bechay Kirollos , Park Joon Y. , Rook Jordan M. , Mederos Michael A. , Girgis Mark D. , Chen Keren , Chen Kuan-Ting , Bastani Roshan , Manouchehr-Pour Shawdi , Dubé Priyanka , Viragh Karoly , Thomas Mariam , Chiu Victor , Kadera Brian E.
Published: January 2025

Proportional Hazards Assumptions Analysis.
Data from Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress among Adult Former Smoker, Current E-Cigarette Users—Results from Wave 1 PATH Study
Authors: Christensen Carol H. , Chang Joanne T. , Rostron Brian L. , Hammad Hoda T. , van Bemmel Dana M. , Del Valle-Pinero Arseima Y. , Wang Baoguang , Mishina Elena V. , Faulcon Lisa M. , DePina Ana , Brown-Baker La'Nissa , Kimmel Heather L. , Lambert Elizabeth , Blount Benjamin C. , Vesper Huber W. , Wang Lanqing , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Hyland Andrew , Travers Mark J. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Niaura Raymond , Cummings K. Michael , Taylor Kristie A. , Edwards Kathryn C. , Borek Nicolette , Ambrose Bridget K. , Chang Cindy M.
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:
Former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes have lower concentrations of biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure than current smokers. It is unclear whether tobacco toxicant exposure reductions may lead to health risk reductions.
Methods:
We compared inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL6, fibrinogen, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and an oxidative stress marker (F2-isoprostane) among 3,712 adult participants in Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study by tobacco user groups: dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes; former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes-only; current cigarette-only smokers; former smokers who do not currently use any tobacco; and never tobacco users. We calculated geometric means (GM) and estimated adjusted GM ratios (GMR).
Results:
Dual users experienced greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than current cigarette-only smokers [GMR 1.09 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.03–1.15)]. Biomarkers were similar between former smokers who currently use e-cigarettes and both former smokers who do not use any tobacco and never tobacco users, but among these groups most biomarkers were lower than those of current cigarette-only smokers. The concentration of F2-isoprostane decreased by time since smoking cessation among both exclusive e-cigarette users (Ptrend = 0.03) and former smokers who do not currently use any tobacco (Ptrend = 0.0001).
Conclusions:
Dual users have greater concentration of F2-isoprostane than smokers. Exclusive e-cigarette users have biomarker concentrations that are similar to those of former smokers who do not currently use tobacco, and lower than those of exclusive cigarette smokers.
Impact:
This study contributes to an understanding of the health effects of e-cigarettes.
Data from Biomarkers of Exposure among Adult Smokeless Tobacco Users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Wave 1, 2013–2014)
Authors: Cheng Yu-Ching , Reyes-Guzman Carolyn M. , Christensen Carol H. , Rostron Brian L. , Edwards Kathryn C. , Wang Lanqing , Feng Jun , Jarrett Jeffery M. , Ward Cynthia D. , Xia Baoyun , Kimmel Heather L. , Conway Kevin , Leggett Carmine , Taylor Kristie , Lawrence Charlie , Niaura Ray , Travers Mark J. , Hyland Andrew , Hecht Stephen S. , Hatsukami Dorothy K. , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Borek Nicolette , Blount Benjamin C. , van Bemmel Dana M.
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground:
Monitoring population-level toxicant exposures from smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is important for assessing population health risks due to product use. In this study, we assessed tobacco biomarkers of exposure (BOE) among SLT users from the Wave 1 (2013–2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.
Methods:
Urinary biospecimens were collected from adults ages 18 and older. Biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organic compounds (VOC), metals, and inorganic arsenic were analyzed and reported among exclusive current established SLT users in comparison with exclusive current established cigarette smokers, dual SLT and cigarette users, and never tobacco users.
Results:
In general, SLT users (n = 448) have significantly higher concentrations of BOE to nicotine, TSNAs, and PAHs compared with never tobacco users; significant dose–response relationships between frequency of SLT use and biomarker concentrations were also reported among exclusive SLT daily users. Exclusive SLT daily users have higher geometric mean concentrations of total nicotine equivalent-2 (TNE2) and TSNAs than exclusive cigarette daily smokers. In contrast, geometric mean concentrations of PAHs and VOCs were substantially lower among exclusive SLT daily users than exclusive cigarette daily smokers.
Conclusions:
Our study produced a comprehensive assessment of SLT product use and 52 biomarkers of tobacco exposure. Compared with cigarette smokers, SLT users experience greater concentrations of some tobacco toxicants, including nicotine and TSNAs.
Impact:
Our data add information on the risk assessment of exposure to SLT-related toxicants. High levels of harmful constituents in SLT remain a health concern.
Ultrasensitive Detection and Monitoring of Circulating Tumor DNA Using Structural Variants in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Elliott Mitchell J. , Howarth Karen , Main Sasha , Fuentes Antrás Jesús , Echelard Philippe , Dou Aaron , Amir Eitan , Nadler Michelle B. , Shah Elizabeth , Yu Celeste , Bratman Scott , Bird Taylor , Roh June , de Bruin Elza C. , Rushton Christopher , Chen Yilun , Gladchuk Sergii , George Anthony M. , Birkeälv Sofia , Alcaide Miguel , Oton Lucia , Putcha Girish , Woodhouse Samuel , Bedard Philippe L. , Siu Lillian L. , Berman Hal K. , Cescon David W.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

The detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after curative-intent therapy in early-stage breast cancer is highly prognostic of disease recurrence. Current ctDNA assays, mainly targeting single-nucleotide variants, vary in sensitivity and specificity. Although increasing the number of single-nucleotide variants in tumor-informed assays improves sensitivity, structural variants (SV) may achieve similar or better sensitivity without compromising specificity. SVs occur across all cancers, linked to genomic instability and tumorigenesis, with unique tumor- and patient-specific breakpoints occurring throughout the genome. SVs in breast cancer are underexplored, and their potential for ctDNA detection and monitoring has not been fully evaluated.

Experimental Design:

We retrospectively analyzed a tumor-informed SV-based ctDNA assay in a cohort of patients with early-stage breast cancer (n = 100, 568 timepoints) receiving neoadjuvant systemic therapy, evaluating ctDNA dynamics and lead times to clinical recurrence in the postoperative period.

Results:

ctDNA was detected in 96% (91/95) of participants at baseline with a median variant allele frequency of 0.15% (range: 0.0011%–38.7%); of these, 10% (9/91) had a variant allele frequency <0.01%. ctDNA detection at cycle 2 (C2) of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with a higher likelihood of distant recurrence (log-rank P = 0.047) and enhanced residual cancer burden prognostication (log-rank P = 0.041). ctDNA was detected prior to distant recurrence in all cases (100% sensitivity) with a median lead time of 417 days (range: 4–1,931 days).

Conclusions:

These results demonstrate the clinical validity of ultrasensitive ctDNA detection and monitoring using SVs. Prospective trials are required to evaluate ctDNA-guided treatment strategies.
Supplementary Fig. S3 from Gefitinib Reverses PD-L1–Mediated Immunosuppression Induced by Long-term Glutamine Blockade in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ma Guofeng , Jia Huiqing , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Xiangyan , Wang Liping , Zhang Zhilei , Xiao Yujing , Liang Zhijuan , Li Dan , Chen Yuanbin , Tian Xintao , Wang Yonghua , Liang Ye , Niu Haitao
Published: January 2025

Effect of glutamine blockade at different times on bladder cancer growth.
Table S1 from A Phase I Trial of Trebananib, an Angiopoietin 1 and 2 Neutralizing Peptibody, Combined with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Ovarian and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huffman Brandon M. , Rahma Osama E. , Tyan Kevin , Li Yvonne Y. , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Bockorny Bruno , Manos Michael P. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Baginska Joanna , Mariño-Enríquez Adrián , Kao Katrina Z. , Maloney Anna K. , Ferro Allison , Kelland Sarah , Ng Kimmie , Singh Harshabad , Welsh Emma L. , Pfaff Kathleen L. , Giannakis Marios , Rodig Scott J. , Hodi F. Stephen , Cleary James M.
Published: January 2025

Table S1
Table S1 from Deleting Trim33 in Myeloid Cells Improves the Efficiency of Radiotherapy through an IFNβ-Dependent Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Assouvie Anaïs , Gerbé-de-Thoré Marine , Torres Claire , Ménard Véronique , Alfaro Alexia , Deutsch Eric , Mondini Michele , Rousselet Germain
Published: January 2025

primers for RT-qPCR
Supplementary Materials from Preclinical Development of T Cells Engineered to Express a T-Cell Antigen Coupler Targeting Claudin 18.2–Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Stacey X. , Wang Ling , Ip Philbert , Randhawa Ritu R. , Benatar Tania , Prosser Suzanna L. , Lal Prabha , Khan Alima Naim , Nitya-Nootan Thanyashanthi , Thakor Gargi , MacGregor Heather , Hayes Danielle L , Vucicevic Andrea , Mathew Princy , Sengupta Sadhak , Helsen Christopher W. , Bader Andreas G.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Materials - Flow Cytometry
Supplementary Figure 11 from Preclinical Development of T Cells Engineered to Express a T-Cell Antigen Coupler Targeting Claudin 18.2–Positive Solid Tumors
Authors: Xu Stacey X. , Wang Ling , Ip Philbert , Randhawa Ritu R. , Benatar Tania , Prosser Suzanna L. , Lal Prabha , Khan Alima Naim , Nitya-Nootan Thanyashanthi , Thakor Gargi , MacGregor Heather , Hayes Danielle L , Vucicevic Andrea , Mathew Princy , Sengupta Sadhak , Helsen Christopher W. , Bader Andreas G.
Published: January 2025

Supplementary Figure 11: CLDN18.1 expression in healthy cell models.
Analysis of Pleiotropic Effects of Nivolumab in Patients with relapsed Pleural Mesothelioma: A Single center retrospective study
Authors: Higashiyama Tomoki , Kuribayashi Kozo , Doi Hiroshi , Kubota Aki , Otsuki Taiichiro , Nakajima Yasuhiro , Mikami Koji , Takahashi Ryo , Nakamura Akifumi , Fujimoto Daichi , Kitajima Kazuhiro , Minami Toshiyuki , Kijima Takashi
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In August 2018, the Japanese PMDA approved nivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), for previously treated, unresectable, advanced, or recurrent pleural mesothelioma (PM) based on the MERIT trial, a phase II study of 34 cases. However, concerns regarding limited evidence persist.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 83 patients with previously treated, unresectable, advanced, or recurrent malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) treated with nivolumab from August 2018 to May 2022. Efficacy was evaluated using overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) per modified RECIST criteria. Safety was assessed by treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) according to CTCAE v5.0. PD-L1 expression was analyzed with the anti-PD-1 antibody (22C3).
Results: The median age was 73 years. Histological subtypes included epithelioid (60), sarcomatoid (15), biphasic (6), and unknown (2). Lines of treatment were 2nd (62), 3rd (13), and 4th or later (8). Partial response (PR) was seen in 16 patients, stable disease (SD) in 30, progressive disease (PD) in 29, and not evaluable (NE) in 8, with an ORR of 19.3% and a disease control rate of 55.4%. Median PFS and OS were 5.1 and 12.4 months, respectively. TRAEs occurred in 45 patients (54.2%), with grade ≥3 in 6 (7.2%) and one treatment-related death. PFS correlated with male gender, TRAEs, and good performance status (PS: 0-1), while OS correlated with PS.
Conclusion: Nivolumab demonstrated efficacy and safety in clinical practice, supporting its use in patients with good PS, even in later lines.
Top-of-Basilar Artery Occlusion Thromboembolism in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis and Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Ghapar Amirul Asyraf Abdul , Abd Kadir Khairul Azmi , Chu Grace Sze Ern , Tai Mei Ling Sharon , Idris Mohamad Imran , New Ru Peng , Zainal Abidin Imran , Goh Khean Jin , Tan Kay Sin
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This case report illustrates the complexities of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and its thromboembolic complications resulting in top-of-basilar artery syndrome. We discuss the case of a 37-year-old male with ARVC who presented with acute onset of dizziness, imbalance, and vomiting, leading to the diagnosis of a top-of-basilar artery occlusion (BAO) which was successfully treated. Case Presentation: This case highlights the diagnostic and acute treatment challenges in BAO due to its non-specific symptoms and emphasizes the critical role of CT angiography in detecting occlusive thrombi for timely intervention. With prompt endovascular thrombectomy and bridging intravenous thrombolysis, complete recanalization was achieved and the patient was discharged with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 1. Effective management strategies involve assessing ventricular function, detecting arrhythmias, identifying intracardiac thrombi, and implementing individualized stroke prevention measures, such as using direct oral anticoagulants. Conclusion: This study illustrates the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing patient outcomes in acute stroke care. Focusing on the rare condition of ARVC and the specific challenge of top-of-BAOs in this case underscores the intricate interplay between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathology leading to improved understanding and management of these conditions.
Quantitative assessment of left ventricular function by left ventricular pressure-strain loop in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Chen Meihua , Li Bing , Lin Jue , Xing Guanli , Huang Xuning
Published: January 2025

Introduction: A new and non-invasive technology of left ventricular pressure-strain loop (LV-PSL) has recently been used to provide information on myocardial work (MW) and identify subtle modifications in cardiac function. This study aimed to use LV-PSL for early identification of changes in LV structure and MW in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Methods： Seventy-two patients with ESRD were divided into two groups based on undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), namely the dialysis group (ESRD-D group) and non-dialysis group (ESRD-ND group). Thirty age- and sex-matched control participants were enrolled in the N group. Traditional echocardiography and LV-PSL measurements were conducted. The values of Global longitudinal strain (GLS), peak strain dispersion (PSD), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), global work index (GWI), and global work efficiency (GWE) were assessed.
Results：The most prevalent anomaly in ESRD patients was left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. The GLS value was significantly lower and PSD was higher in patients with ESRD than in controls. Furthermore, patients with ESRD had severely higher GWW values and lower GWE than the N group (p< 0.05). No significant differences were found in GWI and GCW between the three groups (p> 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that GCW, GWI and GWE were positively correlated with LV ejection fraction (EF) and negatively correlated with GLS. GWW was negatively correlated with LVEF and positively correlated with GLS and PSD. In addition, GWE was negatively correlated with PSD (all p< 0.05).
Conclusions：Patients with ESRD have LV structural and functional abnormalities. LV-PSL measurement can be helpful in identifying these subclinical abnormalities. MHD did not change myocardial workload in patients with ESRD.
Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Therapy
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Yu , Fan Pei-Chun , Lee Cheng-Chia , Chen Shao-Wei , Chen Jia-Jin , Chan Ming-Jen , Fang Ji-Tseng , Chen Yung-Chang , Chang Chih-Hsiang
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) often experience worse renal outcomes and higher mortality rates as the severity of kidney injury increases. Nevertheless, the in-hospital mortality risks of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are poorly understood. This study evaluated several prognostic factors associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with ESRD receiving ECMO therapy. Methods: This study reviewed the medical records of 90 adult patients with ESRD on venoarterial ECMO in intensive care units in Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between March 2009 and February 2022. Fourteen patients who died within 24 h of receiving ECMO support were excluded; the remaining 76 patients were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were retrospectively collected as survival predictors. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 69.7%. The most common diagnosis requiring ECMO support was postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock, and the most frequent ECMO-associated complication was infection. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score on day 1 of ECMO support was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. The APACHE II score demonstrated satisfactory discriminative power (0.788 ± 0.057) in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The cumulative survival rates at the 6-month follow-up differed significantly (p < 0.001) between patients with APACHE II score ≤ 29 versus those with APACHE II score >29. Conclusion: For patients with ESRD on ECMO, the APACHE II score is an excellent predictor of in-hospital mortality.
Cortisol secretion in obesity revisited: lower basal serum and salivary cortisol with diminished cortisol response to the low dose ACTH challenge
Authors: Sofer Yael , Osher Esther , Abu Ahmad Wiessam , Greenman Yona , Moshe Yaffa , Shaklai Sigal , Yaron Marianna , Serebro Merav , Tordjman Karen , Stern Naftali
Published: January 2025

Context: Some clinical resemblance may exist between obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, and Cushing’s syndrome. This has stimulated ongoing interest in the role of cortisol's secretion pattern, control and metabolism in obesity.
Goals: To investigate whether basal and stimulated levels of cortisol differ between healthy people with obesity and individuals with normal weight
Design: Total, free, and salivary cortisol were tested at baseline state and after 1 g ACTH stimulation in 60 healthy subjects with obesity and 54 healthy lean controls.
Results: Baseline total cortisol was lower in subjects with obesity compared to lean controls 347 (265-452(nmol/L vs. [422 (328-493) nmol/L respectively ; p<0.05]. Similarly, basal salivary cortisol was significantly lower in subjects with obesity [7.5 (5.2-9.7) nmol/L vs 10.7 (7.5-17.6) nmol/L; p<0.05]. Upon challenge with ACTH, total peak serum and salivary peak cortisol responses were significantly lower in people with obesity than in lean subjects [665.16±151.8 vs. 728.64±124.2 nmol/L, p<0.05; and 31.66 (19-38.64) vs. 40.05 (31.46-46.64) nmol/L, p<0.05, respectively].
Additionally, baseline total cortisol and salivary cortisol were inversely related to BMI (r=-0.24, r=-0.27; p<0.05 for both) and waist circumference (r=-0.27, r= -0.34; p<0.05 for both).
Conclusion: Baseline as well as peak stimulated total serum and salivary cortisol were significantly lower in subjects with obesity. It thus appears that obesity is not associated with enhanced basal or ACTH-stimulated cortisol.
Impact of Heart Transplant Allocation Changes on Waitlist Mortality and Clinical Practice in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wooster Luke , O’Connor Matthew J. , Zhang Xuemei , Mavroudis Constantine D. , Maeda Katsuhide , Ahmed Humera , Edwards Jonathan , Lin Kimberly Y. , Wittlieb-Weber Carol , Rossano Joseph , Edelson Jonathan B.
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

The United Network of Organ Sharing made changes to the priority for allocation of hearts for transplantation (HT) in 2016 for pediatric patients and 2018 for adult patients. Although recent work has evaluated the impact of the revised allocation systems on mechanical circulatory support practices and waitlist outcomes, there are limited data that focus more specifically on the impact of the allocation changes on patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) or cardiomyopathy and how these relationships might differ in pediatric and adult patients.

METHODS:

The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for pediatric (<18 years of age) and adult (18–50 years of age) patients with a CHD or cardiomyopathy diagnosis listed for HT. Cohorts were grouped into preallocation and postallocation change eras: pediatric patients from January 1, 2011, to March 21, 2016, and January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021; and adult patients from January 1, 2015, to October 17, 2018, and January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021. Differences in era for survival or waitlist removal because of clinical deterioration from the time of HT listing were compared using competing risk models.

RESULTS:

We identified 11 637 patients listed for HT during the study period, including 2882 pediatric patients with CHD, 594 adults with CHD, 2348 pediatric patients with cardiomyopathy, and 5813 adults with cardiomyopathy. In a competing risk model adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, allocation changes were significantly associated with lower death or waitlist removal within 1 year of HT listing in infants with CHD (HR, 0.75 [0.57–0.99];
P
=0.04), children with CHD (HR, 0.61 [0.43–0.86];
P
=0.005), and adults with cardiomyopathy (HR, 0.60 [0.44–0.81];
P
=0.001), but not in infants with cardiomyopathy, children with cardiomyopathy, or adults with CHD.

CONCLUSIONS:

The recent allocation changes of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network associations with waitlist duration and outcome were not uniform across pediatric and adult cohorts with CHD or those with cardiomyopathy. Children with cardiomyopathy and adults with CHD did not experience the mortality benefits experienced by adults with cardiomyopathy and children with CHD. Future iterations of the allocation systems should consider differential access to mechanical circulatory support options for children and adults, patient sensitization status, and whether having separate systems for adults and children is the most appropriate method to allocate organs.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Interpretation Across the Lifespan in Congenital Heart Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Cifra Barbara , Cordina Rachael L. , Gauthier Naomi , Murphy Laura C. , Pham Tam Dan , Veldtman Gruschen R. , Ward Kendra , White David A. , Paridon Stephen M. , Powell Adam W. ,   the American Heart Association Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young, Congenital Cardiac Defect Committee; the Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; the Council on Clinical Cardiology; and the Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing
Published: January 2025

Survivorship from congenital heart disease has improved rapidly secondary to advances in surgical and medical management. Because these patients are living longer, treatment and disease surveillance targets have shifted toward enhancing quality of life and functional status. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a valuable tool for assessing functional capacity, evaluating cardiac and pulmonary pathology, and providing guidance on prognosis and interventional recommendations. Despite the extensive evidence supporting the ability of cardiopulmonary exercise testing to quantitatively evaluate cardiovascular function, there remains confusion on how to properly interpret cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with congenital heart disease. The purpose of this statement is to provide a lifespan approach to the interpretation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with congenital heart disease. This is an updated report of the American Heart Association's previous publications on exercise in children. This evidence‐based update on the significance of cardiopulmonary exercise testing findings in pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients with various congenital cardiac pathologies and surgically modified physiology is formatted in a way to guide cardiopulmonary exercise testing interpretation practically for the clinicians and exercise physiologists who care for patients with congenital heart disease. Focus is placed on the indications for exercise testing, expected findings, and how exercise testing should guide the management of patients with various congenital heart disease subtypes. Areas for future intervention that could lead to improved care and outcomes for those with congenital heart disease are noted.
Distinguishing Neural Correlates of Prediction Errors on Perceptual Content and Detection of Content
Authors: Dijkstra Nadine , Warrington Oliver , Kok Peter , Fleming Stephen M.
Published: January 2025

Accounting for why discrimination between different perceptual contents is not always accompanied conscious detection of that content remains a challenge for predictive processing theories of perception. Here, we test a hypothesis that detection is supported by a distinct inference within generative models of perceptual content. We develop a novel visual perception paradigm that probes such inferences by manipulating both expectations about stimulus content (stimulus identity) and detection of content (stimulus presence). In line with model simulations, we show that both content and detection expectations influence RTs on a categorization task. By combining a no-report version of our task with functional neuroimaging, we reveal that violations of expectations (prediction errors [PEs]) about perceptual content and detection are supported by posterior and pFC in qualitatively different ways: Within posterior sensory cortex, activity patterns diverge only on trials with a content PE, but within these trials, further divergence is seen for detection PEs. In contrast, within pFC, activity patterns diverge only on trials with a detection PE, but within these trials, further divergence is seen for content PEs. These results suggest rich encoding of both content and detection PEs and highlight a distributed neural basis for inference on content and detection of content in the human brain.
Infinite Mixture Chaining: An Efficiency-Based Framework for the Dynamic Construction of Word Meaning
Authors: Yu Lei , Xu Yang
Published: January 2025

The lexicon is an evolving symbolic system that expresses an unbounded set of emerging meanings with a limited vocabulary. As a result, words often extend to new meanings. Decades of research have suggested that word meaning extension is non-arbitrary, and recent work formalizes this process as cognitive models of semantic chaining whereby emerging meanings link to existing ones that are semantically close. Existing approaches have typically focused on a dichotomous formulation of chaining, couched in the exemplar or prototype theories of categorization. However, these accounts yield either memory-intensive or simplistic representations of meaning, while evidence for them is mixed. We propose a unified probabilistic framework, infinite mixture chaining, that derives different forms of chaining through the lens of cognitive efficiency. This framework subsumes the existing chaining models as a trade-off between representational accuracy and memory complexity, and it contributes a flexible class of models that supports the dynamic construction of word meaning by automatically forming semantic clusters informed by existing and novel usages. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework in reconstructing the historical development of the lexicon across multiple word classes and in different languages, and we also show that it correlates with human judgment of semantic change. Our study offers an efficiency-based view on the cognitive mechanisms of word meaning extension in the evolution of the lexicon.
Platonic Asceticism in Philo of Alexandria’s Contemplative Practice
Authors: Mackie Scott D.
Published: January 2025

Though Philo of Alexandria’s ascetic beliefs and practices often have been noted, a focused assessment of the Platonic influences on his contemplative asceticism has yet to be offered. While addressing that shortcoming, this essay identifies a number of key Platonic themes. Like Plato’s Socrates, Philo is capable of expressing a range of opinions concerning embodied existence and the roles of body and soul in noetic contemplation. Though generally pursuing a path of moderation, the rigorous demands of noetic contemplation necessarily call for extreme and austere praxes, as well as vigorous effort. Philo’s belief that the suppression of the bodily senses affords the expression of the spiritual senses also is Platonic in origin, as is his oft-stated conviction that the contemplative’s diminished desire for bodily pleasure is a natural consequence of a more powerful, innate attraction to the Forms and the noetic realm. A final and perhaps most important Socratic influence is detected in the esoteric meditative techniques Philo uses to effect the out-of-body experiences that afford mystical contemplation.
The therapeutic effect of different exercises on premenstrual syndrome (PMS): a systematic review
Authors: Ahmadi F. , M. Khaleghi M. , Zar A.
Published: January 2025

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) presents significant challenges for girls and women, affecting their physiological well-being. Engaging in physical activity and sports is a cost-effective and viable treatment for PMS symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review various studies and evaluate the effects of different sports on PMS. A systematic search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The search was performed in databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, from 2010 to March 2024. Among the 1,009 articles initially identified, only 20 RCTs met the inclusion criteria of this study. The findings revealed that various forms of aerobic exercise, stretching, yoga, swimming, combined exercise, pelvic rocking exercise, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) spinning bike exercises were effective in alleviating PMS-associated symptoms. These improvements encompassed mental and physical symptoms, Premenstrual Syndrome Questionnaire (PMSQ) scores, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score parameters, weight loss, heart rate, blood pressure, depression, mental disorders, mood, emotions, pain, and sleep quality. Despite the limitations of each study, the findings indicate that engaging in various forms of physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, and yoga, may alleviate both the physical and mental symptoms associated with PMS. However, further research is necessary to investigate additional dimensions of these effects.