bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergence of Glass Solutions for 5G and Heterogeneous Integration
Authors: Shorey Aric B. , Nelson Shelby F. , Levy David , Ballentine Paul
Published: February 2022

Glass has been of great interest for advanced packaging and RF applications for many years. Since glass is an insulator, it provides low loss performance particularly at high frequencies in the mmWave. The low roughness and ability to form in thin and large area formats provide opportunities for fine line spacing to enable miniaturization and cost-effectiveness. The challenge to glass adoption has been to establish high volume manufacturing operations. Leveraging the Viaffirm® temporary bond process provides many advantages to enable use of existing processes to fabricate thin glass substrates. Here we describe the process and examples of how it has been used to enable manufacture of devices on thin glass substrates.
Verification of Compartmental Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effect with imprint-Through Mold Via (i-TMV) for RF modules
Authors: Negishi Motohiro , Shibata Tomoaki , Li Xinrong , Suzuki Naoya
Published: February 2022

In order to form a compartmental EMI shielding structure for radio frequency (RF) modules, we have proposed the new process named ”imprint-Through Mold Via (i-TMV)”, which could be fabricated by imprinting with a silicon master and filling with conductive paste. In this work, a test coupon was fabricated and EMI shielding effect of the i-TMV was actually evaluated by measurement of the electric field strength that leaked through from via array. As a result, it was found that the shielding effect was 23.6 dB at 4 GHz, which was close to the completely shielded value with a metal cap (25.6 dB). This result indicated that the i-TMV was significantly effective as a compartmental EMI shielding for the Sub-6 band application.
Assessment of Solder Flux Corrosivity and Flux Residue Level in Clip Bonding Assembly
Authors: Le Fred Fuliang , Chen Haibin , Guan Zunyu , Fajardo Francis Louise
Published: February 2022

Most fluxes and their flux residue are corrosive, and their presence on the surface of assemblies may cause reliability concerns due to electrochemical migration. This study firstly refers to the test method IPC-TM-650 2.3.32D and 2.6.15C and the requirements in J-STD-004A to evaluate flux-induced corrosion and the corrosivity of their flux residue. Then thermogravimetric analysis is used to evaluate the flux residue level after soldering under identical conditions. These comparison data can be utilized to compare flux performance of solder pastes. For the cleanliness evaluation after flux cleaning, the qualitative analysis refers to IPC-A-610G and adopts optical inspection to observe the flux cleaning effect. The quantitative analysis refers to IPC-TM-650 2.3.28B ion chromatography test method to analyze the level of ionic species after flux cleaning. In addition to IPC-TM-650 2.3.28B ion chromatography method, the effectiveness of other methods has been well demonstrated to characterize the fluxes and their flux residue in clip bonding assembly.
Distribution of Coated Metal Layer on Free Air Ball (FAB) Surface
Authors: Murali Sarangapani , Wan Lo Miew , Mariyappan Dhayalan , Weon Evonne Lim Yee , Sungsig SS Kang
Published: February 2022

Developments in bonding wire focus on coated silver wire for stacked devices in memory sectors revealing near equivalent performances to 4N Au wire. In addition to stacked device applications, the wire is also examined for other conventional applications. The innovative wire exhibits excellent performance on biased Highly Accelerated Stress Test (bHAST) passing 192h and 504h at 130°C, 85%RH for +3.3V and +20V, respectively. Thus, the wire satisfied one of the important criteria required to pass automotive reliability test (2X stress test, AEC Q100 Rev-H, with limited test samples). The test is conducted using 0.8mil coated silver wire and molded with green epoxy molding compound. Another benefit of the wire is stitch bond bondability with high MTBA of greater than 2h.
Experimental parameter identification and validation of a process model for ultrasonic heavy wire bonding
Authors: Schemmel Reinhard , Müller Nico , Klahold Ludger , Hemsel Tobias , Sextro Walter
Published: February 2022

Ultrasonic heavy wire bonding is a standard process in packaging technologies of power semiconductor modules. Due to increasing demands on reliability of the electrical contacts under high temperature loads, copper wires with significantly better electrical and thermal properties compared to aluminum are used more often nowadays. This results in new challenges in process development due to higher process forces and ultrasonic power; for this purpose, a simulation model has been developed to improve process development. The process model is based on a co-simulation with sub-models for the different physical phenomena. The sub-models are based on parameters, which need to be identified from measurements. This contribution focusses on the identification of the material model. Therefore, a method is presented, which allows for an iterative identification of the stress-strain characteristics from compression tests based on a modified tensile-compression machine. In compression tests under ultrasonic load, the bond wire material behavior under ultrasonic load is investigated to characterize the so-called ultrasonic-softening-effect. The simulation model with identified model parameters is then used to predict main-effects-diagrams for aluminum and copper wire bond processes on DCB. The simulation results are validated by comparison to results from parameter studies of ultrasonic heavy wire bonding experiments.
Evolution and Applications of Fine-Feature Solder Paste Printing for Heterogeneous Integration
Authors: Griffith Evan , Lim Sze Pei
Published: February 2022

The semiconductor industry is quickly adopting heterogeneous integration as a solution to allow a large number of dies to be packed onto smaller components, improving cost-performance while expanding functionality. As such, the printing of solder paste formulated for System in Package (SiP) applications is becoming more difficult, with many depositions designed at one point as extremes during testing becoming the norm in industry. This paper will first briefly discuss the evolution of soldering material for heterogeneous integration, as some aspects of solder paste manufacturing, such as powder size, differ significantly from larger scale soldering applications. The objective of this study is to illustrate critical parameters for the printing of SiP paste. Multiple parameters that are important for SiP paste printing applications will be discussed, such as the metal load optimization, paste rheology, and metal powder size, type, and quality.
Understanding photoresist - electroplating bath interactions using HPLC methodology
Authors: Popova I. , Dieckmann R. , Schroeder N. , Gomes G. , Golden J.
Published: February 2022

With the rapidly expanding range of design and integration flows required for advanced packaging, both foundries and OSATs alike are evaluating new types of materials for additive manufacturing - this is especially pertinent for both resist materials and galvanic plating baths. This problem is far from new (1), it is a part of the regularly required re-evaluation of process-material interactions (2) for the new packaging integration schemes, driven by changes in design, process flow, and technology requirements. With increasing demands for bath longevity and robustness of plating performance, material vendors are motivated to minimize interactions between the plating bath chemistries and photoresists, defining the plating pattern. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of several factors including - resist type (i.e. positive, negative, general-purpose vs “plating/packaging” type) and process parameters for both resist and bath material (by comparing several resist materials from different manufacturers with varying processing conditions on silicon wafers). We used reverse phase HPLC with UV-detection as a method of choice in this study to compare resist extractables into the galvanic baths. We utilized a copper plating packaging type galvanic bath as a representative bath material. We evaluated semi-quantitatively the extractable via their HPLC signature into the bath to compare resist properties and further attempt to extrapolate resist stability and breakdown magnitude with possible effects on bath life. The utility of the method developed here allows for comparing and quantifying (note - evaluation is semi-quantitative since no standard solutions of leached components exist) extractables via HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) allows for a better understanding of resist bath stability “factors”, and can be further expanded into an online method for detecting early signs of bath contamination by a photoresist. It can also be used for aiding lithographers to better pre-assess photoresist capabilities and aid in the material selection for future plating applications.
Thermal and Reliability Performance Comparison of DBC-Based and Organic-Based Double-Sided Cooled Power Modules
Authors: Cheng Tzu-Hsuan , Nishiguchi Kenji , Fukawa Yoshi , Hopkins Douglas C.
Published: February 2022

Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) is the most popular solution for conventional high-power modules because of superior thermal/electrical/mechanical performance and mature manufacturing. To meet the rising demand of power density and power rating, a Double-Sided Cooled (DSC) sandwich structure using dual insulated metal-clad substrates was proposed and DBC still dominated the substrate selection of DSC power modules. However, there are several long-existing reliability challenges of conventional DBC-based power modules and the cost of DBC is relatively high compared with organic and metal (e.g. lead frame) substrates. This study proposes a DSC 1.2 kV half-bridge power module using dual epoxy-resin Insulated Metal Substrate (eIMS) for solving DBC-based power module issues and providing a cost-effective solution. The thermal performance outperforms traditional Alumina (Al2O3) DBC-based DSC power module due to moderate thermal conductivity (10 W/mK) and thin (120 μm) epoxy-resin composite dielectric layer compared with Alumina. The breakdown voltage of this high thermally conductive organic dielectric is 5 kVAC (@ 120 μm) and the Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) is 300°C which is indispensable for Wide-Band-Gap (WBG) devices and high-power applications. In terms of thermal-mechanical reliability, the organic-based DSC power module can pass the thermal cycling test over 2000 cycles by optimizing the mechanical properties of the encapsulant material. In conclusion, this paper not only proposes a competitive organic-based power module but also a methodology of evaluation for thermal and mechanical performance.
ENDIVIDAMENTO PÚBLICO EM MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS: UMA ANÁLISE DE DADOS EM PAINEL
Authors: Santana Monique Da Silva , Faroni Walmer , Santos Nálbia De Araújo , Cassuce Francisco Carlos da Cunha
Published: February 2022

Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a relação entre variáveis financeiras com o grau de endividamento de municípios do estado de Minas Gerais. Foram coletadas informações nas bases de dados do Finbra e do Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social/Fundação João Pinheiro (IMRS/FJP) do período de 2005 a 2016. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada a técnica de dados em painel com estimação em efeitos fixos. Os resultados apontaram que as variáveis de estrutura de receitas - participação da receita tributária e participação na receita do Fundo de Participação do Município (FPM) - afetam positivamente o grau de endividamento dos municípios analisados. O efeito das variáveis gastos com pessoal e despesas com investimentos foi positivo no endividamento dos municípios do estado de Minas Gerais. Além dessas variáveis, o indicador endividamento defasado também apresentou relação positiva e significativa com o endividamento municipal. Quanto ao tamanho dos municípios, por meio das dummies foi possível observar que o porte populacional não apresentou relação significativa com o endividamento. Isso é confirmado pela estratificação populacional proposta neste estudo, onde 76,3% dos municípios analisados no período temporal de 2005 a 2016 foram classificados no estrato de baixo endividamento, ou seja, municípios de diferentes portes populacionais compõem o mesmo estrato. Conclui-se, portanto, que o endividamento público é um tema preocupante e considerado um dos principais problemas macroeconômicos enfrentados pelo país.
INNOVATION AND PERFORMANCE: AN ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE FIRMS IN BRAZIL AND EUROPE
Authors: Santos José Glauber Cavalcante dos , Vasconcelos Alessandra Carvalho de , De Luca Márcia Martins Mendes , Cunha Jacqueline Veneroso Alves da
Published: February 2022

In this study we analyze whether the innovation profile of sustainable Brazilian and European firms produces a difference in economic performance. Resource-Based View (RBV) posits that innovation, due to uniqueness and heterogeneity, leads to competitive advantage and improved performance. Data was collected from 78 sustainable firms covering the period 2010-2013 and analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Four perspectives on innovation were considered: R&D, intangible innovation assets, patents, and disclosure. Economic performance was expressed as return on assets and return on equity. Innovation contributed to superior performance (though not significantly), but the claim that innovation generates competitive advantage could not be validated. Our results suggest the existence of a hypothetical curve of efficiency determined by diversification of innovation since higher levels of innovation were not necessarily related with greater performance. This may be explained by the assumption of heterogeneity, according to RBV. The study provides subsidies for managers looking to optimize investments in innovation, increasing the efficiency of resources and boosting differentiation in different economic scenarios.
JULGAMENTO E TOMADA DE DECISÃO DOS CONTADORES NO PROCESSO DE CONTROLE DO ATIVO IMOBILIZADO
Authors: Haberkamp Angela Maria , Hoppen Norberto , Kronbauer Clóvis Antônio
Published: February 2022

Este estudo analisou características individuais e pressões institucionais que influenciam o julgamento e a tomada de decisão (JDM) de contadores em empresas que adotam as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) e como o fazem no processo de controle do imobilizado. Como lente teórica foram utilizadas a Teoria da Racionalidade Limitada e a Teoria Institucional. Dados foram coletados junto a 28 contadores de grandes empresas brasileiras. Os resultados revelaram que tanto as características individuais - limitações cognitivas, informacionais e situacionais - quanto as pressões institucionais - coercitivas, normativas e miméticas - influenciam o JDM dos contadores. Baseado na frequência dos elementos analisados, constatou-se que, das características individuais, as limitações cognitivas – excesso de variáveis, uso de classificações prévias - foram as mais importantes, sendo identificadas nas falas de 26 contadores. Dentre as pressões institucionais, a coercitiva – legislação, gestores, auditoria - foi a mais importante (mencionada por todos os contadores). Os resultados evidenciaram, também, que as limitações cognitivas influenciam mais intensamente o JDM nas decisões operacionais, enquanto as pressões coercitivas influenciam mais as decisões relacionadas à gestão do imobilizado. Além disso, quando ocorrem eventos em que limitações individuais e pressões institucionais influenciam o JDM de forma conjunta, as pressões coercitivas são as determinantes.
RELEVÂNCIA DA NATUREZA DOS ATIVOS INTANGÍVEIS DAS COMPANHIAS ABERTAS PARA O MERCADO ACIONÁRIO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pacheco Juliane , Rover Suliani
Published: February 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar a relevância da natureza dos ativos intangíveis das companhias de capital aberto brasileiras para o mercado acionário. Para isso, a amostra abrange as empresas não financeiras que negociam suas ações na bolsa de valores Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3). O período de análise foi de 2010 a 2017, compreendendo o intervalo em vigor do CPC 04 – Ativo Intangível R1 (2010). A amostra contou com 301 empresas analisadas, abrangendo 2.184 observações. Para verificar a relevância dos ativos intangíveis, foram formuladas duas hipóteses e três equações com base no modelo de Ohlson (1995), com adaptações de Collins, Maydew e Weiss (1997). Os resultados apontaram que o ativo intangível aumentou ao longo dos anos, haja vista que passou de 348,8 bilhões de reais para 624,6 bilhões de reais. Quanto à natureza do intangível, o goodwill, as concessões e os intangíveis em serviço foram os itens mais representativos em todos os anos analisados. Nas regressões, foi observado que o intangível demonstrou relevância para o valor de mercado, apesar de ter um poder incremental baixo. Além disso, dez das 14 naturezas do intangível se mostraram relevantes. Conclui-se que os intangíveis, de modo geral, são relevantes para o mercado acionário, contribuindo com o valor de mercado.
O ASPECTO CONSERVADOR DA FORMAÇÃO EM CONTABILIDADE NO AMBIENTE DE AVERSÃO À PERDA DIANTE DE VALORES CULTURAIS
Authors: Cerqueira Anderson José Freitas de , Carvalho Júnior César Valentim de Oliveira , Dias Filho José Maria
Published: February 2022

A literatura indica que as perdas possuem uma aparência emocional maior do que os ganhos, além de apontar que as pessoas de diferentes orientações culturais podem tomar decisões distintas. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar se as dimensões culturais impactam as decisões dos profissionais da área gerencial, que possuem graduação em Ciências Contábeis, em um ambiente de aversão à perda. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação de questionários para estudantes que estão cursando pós-graduação lato sensu em áreas ligadas à gestão. O tratamento estatístico se deu por meio de regressão linear múltipla pelo Método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários e teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados indicaram que as dimensões culturais Aversão à Incerteza e Masculina/Feminina, relacionadas com práticas conservadoras, impactam, significativamente, no grau de aversão à perda dos profissionais da área gerencial que possuem formação em contabilidade, em relação aos que possuem formação em outras áreas. Adicionalmente, os resultados indicaram que o nível de aversão à perda é maior para os indivíduos do sexo masculino, independentemente do aspecto cultural. Observa-se que a raiz biológica no comportamento conservador, juntamente com o ambiente cultural, resgatam o viés emocional dos profissionais com graduação em Ciências Contábeis, que podem ser influenciados pelos princípios e pelas normas e práticas. Esta pesquisa possui um viés inovador em considerar o aspecto conservador dos profissionais da área gerencial, graduados em Ciências Contábeis, diante de valores culturais. Todavia, como pesquisa exploratória, o estudo possui limitação de tamanho da amostra e amplitude geográfica. Essas observações, em tempo, servem como sugestão para estudos subsequentes.
NÃO BASTA LER, É PRECISO COMPREENDER: UM ENFOQUE NA LEGIBILIDADE DO RESULTADO E DO EBITDA
Authors: Monteiro Januário Jose , Rengel Rodrigo , De Sousa Allison Manoel , Borba José Alonso
Published: February 2022

As características das narrativas de legibilidade dos relatórios financeiros podem gerar interpretações dúbias, potencializando e/ou distorcendo a informação sobre a realidade econômica da companhia. Redigir parágrafos ou sentenças curtas/longas, com palavras difíceis/simples ou com a utilização de termos de transição nos relatórios apresentados ao público externo é uma forma de ofuscar a mensagem. Este estudo objetiva analisar a influência do desempenho econômico-financeiro na legibilidade das narrativas textuais dos trechos do resultado líquido e EBITDA. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quanti-quali, operacionalizada por meio da técnica estatística de dados em painel e análise de conteúdo. Para isso, analisou-se no Relatório da Administração (RA), informações a respeito do resultado líquido, EBITDA e mensagem da administração. Descobriu-se que algumas empresas mudaram o enfoque dos trechos quando houve prejuízo no período. Mas, ao olhar a análise quantitativa, verifica-se que isso não é um comportamento generalizado, pois, em média, empresas que registraram lucro no período não apresentaram mudanças significativas no nível de legibilidade do resultado líquido. A mensagem da administração de cunho positivo acerca do desempenho do período tem reflexos no aumento da legibilidade do EBITDA, mas não está associada à legibilidade do resultado líquido. As variações percentuais do resultado líquido e do EBITDA não estão relacionadas com a legibilidade desses dois indicadores, respectivamente. Esses achados podem auxiliar os investidores a identificarem gatilhos que influenciam na legibilidade do resultado líquido e do EBITDA e, consequentemente, nas decisões de investimentos.
Učiteljevo pridobivanje znanja v kontekstu poučevanja nadarjenih učencev
Authors: Ograjšek Sabina , Balažic Nuša , Mithans Monika
Published: February 2022

Učitelj velja za kompetentnega strokovnjaka na svojem predmetnem področju, zato je pomembno, da svoje znanje vseskozi nadgrajuje in posodablja. S tem v zvezi smo želeli ugotoviti, kako učitelji razrednega pouka pridobivajo znanja o nadarjenih učencih, ali čutijo potrebo po (dodatnih) izobraževanjih na področju poučevanja nadarjenih ter kakšna je vloga šole pri zagotavljanju tovrstnih izobraževanj. Raziskava je bila izvedena v šolskem letu 2020/21. Sodelovalo je 107 učiteljev razrednega pouka. Rezultati kažejo, da učitelji največ znanja o nadarjenih učencih pridobijo s poklicnim udejstvovanjem in branjem strokovne literature. Najmanj znanja o nadarjenih so učitelji pridobili v času študija. Odgovori učiteljev nakazujejo, da so največ znanja o nadarjenih učencih z različnimi načini poklicnega razvoja pridobili starejši učitelji in učitelji z višjimi strokovnimi nazivi. Ugotavljamo še, da večina učiteljev razrednega pouka čuti potrebo po dodatnih izobraževanjih na področju poučevanja nadarjenih učencev, sploh ker po njihovem mnenju šole v celoti ne izkoriščajo vseh možnosti, ki se jim ponujajo pri zagotavljanju tovrstnih izobraževanj.
Krytyka przekładu literackiego jako dialog. Model hermeneutyczny
Authors: de Bończa Bukowski Piotr
Published: February 2022

Translation Criticism as a Dialogue. The Hermeneutic Model

In this article, I reflect on the productivity of hermeneutic translation criticism, focusing on literary translation. I pose the question whether the hermeneutic mode of translation analysis and evaluation – largely based on the premises of the Romantic art critique – is capable of making a significant contribution to the contemporary discussion on the functional model of translation criticism. According to my argument, the source of the productivity (and functionality) of translation criticism is dialogicity –a feature that can be considered fundamental in the case of hermeneutics. Following the dialogical hermeneutics of F. Schlegel, F. Schleiermacher and H.-G. Gadamer, as well as H.R. Jauß’s aesthetics of reception, I formulate some major postulates of a hermeneutic critique of literary translations. This criticism is of an interrogative nature: it finds and poses questions that are answered by the examined statements. The critic’s questions include those about the original and to the original, about the translator and to the translator, as well as about the reader and to the reader. Finally, I show cases in which a critical dialogue around literary translations crystallizes. It is a dialogue that can be shaped and interpreted by the postulated hermeneutic translation criticism.
Retranslacja jako krytyka przekładu, czyli Benito Cereno ponowiony
Authors: Majer Krzysztof
Published: February 2022

Retranslation as Criticism, or the New Benito Cereno

The article focuses on my translation of Herman Melville’s novella Benito Cereno, published recently in a volume entitled Nowele i opowiadania (PIW, 2020), the work of eight translators into Polish. The volume contains new attempts at texts translated forty years earlier by Krystyna Korwin-Mikke; also featured is her own, newly revised translation of Melville’s classic – Bartleby, the Scrivener. Finding myself authoring a retranslation for the first time, I became intrigued by the affect accompanying such a ‘belated’ arrival at the text – not within a long, eminent ‘series’ (in Edward Balcerzan’s understanding of the term), but where only one previous, more or less canonical translation exists. Taking as my starting point Balcerzan’s terminology as well as Anna Legeżyńska’s notion of the ‘shared word’ (“słowo wspólne”), I employ the concept of the translators’ agon, developed from Harold Bloom’s ideas by Kaisa Koskinen and Outi Paloposki (2015). On the basis of several examples from the field of Polish translations, and concentrating on the rhetorics of paratextual material, I briefly examine the positions that a second translator – fated to participate in an agonistic relation – may take with regard to his precursor; my examples here are three renowned practitioners: MichałKłobukowski, Krystyna Rodowska and Maciej Świerkocki. Because my own experience is bound up with translation practice to a considerably larger degree than with its theoretical aspects, the heart of the article is an analysis of particular strategies in both of the Polish translations of Benito Cereno. I focus on issues such as nomenclature, narrative perspective, grammatical gender, as well as conventional and idiosyncratic metaphors. Exploring my own agonistic relation with Krystyna Korwin-Mikke, I attempt to determine the extent to which I have managed to avoid getting caught up in the affect produced by the uncomfortable yet inspiring consciousness of the first translator’s voice. The article is an extension of the critical gesture which I consider my retranslation, in itself, to be. Emphasizing the differences in our approach, I also try to embrace what is shared, and to acknowledge my indebtedness to the precursor.
Historia strukturalna, czyli długie trwanie przekładu artystycznego
Authors: Brzostowska-Tereszkiewicz Tamara
Published: February 2022

Jerzy Święch, 2021. Z historii i poetyki przekładu, Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej.

The article reviews the recent book of Jerzy Święch (Z historii i poetyki przekładu, 2021) as an excellent document of the history of Polish structuralist translation studies. Contrary to what the author modestly suggests, Święch’s theoretical statements and historical readings of artistic translations are of much more than solely archival or museal interest. The book contributes to ongoing debates about the ways of studying and writing the history of literary translation in necessary conjunction with, and at the same time independently of, the history of national literatures. Święch’s studies invariably serve as guidelines for analyses of artistic translations in the light of historical poetics and the sociology of literature. Many of the biographical and sociological issues raised by the Lublin scholar resonate with recent research tendencies in Translator Studies.
Mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad (RCM) caso de aplicación máquina empacadora de atún en latas
Authors: Peñafiel José , Arteaga Ángel , Daquinta-Gradaille Antonio
Published: February 2022

Una línea de producción de conservas de atún en latas en la República del Ecuador es analizada, donde su programa de mantenimiento mecánico tiene como base la experiencia acumulada a través del tiempo del personal encargado, así como las recomendaciones de los fabricantes de los equipos; lo anterior representa un déficit del uso de estrategias de clase mundial en la industria de procesos. La metodología utilizada es la del Mantenimiento Centrado en la Confiabilidad (RCM), aplicada a uno de los equipos críticos de la línea de producción, como es la empacadora de atún en latas. El resultado obtenido fue el rediseño de la función mantenimiento, logrando alinear las actividades hacia la mejora del plan de mantención del equipo objeto de estudio, mediante el análisis de los modos y efectos de falla en el contexto operacional real en el que opera el mismo.

Palabras clave: Confiabilidad, criticidad, empacadora de atún, mantenimiento.
Equinodermos pedunculados do Devoniano do Brasil e suas afinidades paleobiogeográficas
Authors: Scheffler Sandro Marcelo
Published: February 2022

The first occurrences of stalked echinoderms in Brazil were from the second half of the nineteenth century. Until the 1950s they were known in five Devonian formations of three major Brazilian intracratonic basins: Paraná, Amazonas, and Parnaíba. However, after the first quotes and identifications, stalked echinoderms remained for many decades without study. Only in the late twentieth century, and especially in this century, have stalked echinoderms been targets of a series of publications that greatly expanded their known morphological diversity. Currently there are almost 70 morphological patterns recognized in the Devonian. Brazilian occurrences reinforce some existing paleobiogeographicals ideas, principally related to marine currents and patterns of connections between the basins within Brazil and other parts of South America and the world. Here is also an extreme endemism in the Paraná Basin (Lower Devonian) and affinities between faunas of North Gondwana and Amazon and Parnaíba basins, in the Middle Devonian.
Samambaias em fragmento de Mata Atlântica, Sapé, Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Silvestre Leandro Costa , Xavier Sergio Romero Da Silva
Published: February 2022

O presente estudo trata de um levantamento florístico-taxonômico das espécies de samambaias ocorrentes na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Fazenda Pacatuba, no município de Sapé, estado da Paraíba, Brasil. A unidade de conservação compreende uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, com área total de 266,53 hectares. Foram registradas dez famílias, 18 gêneros e 24 espécies de samambaias. As famílias mais representativas foram Pteridaceae, com oito espécies, e Thelypteridaceae, com quatro espécies. As espécies Adiantum obliquum Willd., Adiantum petiolatum Desv., Didymoglossum ovale E. Fourn. e Thelypteris macrophylla (Kunze) C.V. Morton são citadas como novas referências para o estado da Paraíba. O registro dessas novas ocorrências evidencia a necessidade de pesquisas voltadas para a flora de plantas vasculares sem sementes, para que se tenha um melhor entendimento sobre a biodiversidade no estado da Paraíba.
Catodoluminescência em cristais de quartzo: implicações petrológicas e metalogenéticas
Authors: Lamarão Claudio Nery , Borges Régis Munhoz Krás , Marques Gisele Tavares
Published: February 2022

A microscopia eletrônica de varredura e a catodoluminescência permitem identificar padrões texturais primários e secundários em cristais de quartzo, não identificáveis em microscopia convencional, que possibilitam distinguir diferentes gerações do mineral, mudanças composicionais e processos de alteração. Este trabalho aborda os aspectos morfológicos e texturais de cristais de quartzo de rochas vulcânicas da Província Aurífera do Tapajós, de granitos e greisens das Províncias Estaníferas do Sul do Pará e de Pitinga (Amazonas), e de veios hidrotermais no Grupo Serra Grande, estado do Piauí. Nessas rochas, relacionadas a diferentes ambientes geológicos, foram identificadas feições primárias, como a relativa homogeneidade dos cristais, indícios de reabsorção, crescimentos impedidos, núcleos reliquiares, entre outras. Além destas, os zoneamentos composicionais em cristais euédricos, vênulas nos interstícios dos grãos, fraturas seladas e feições de corrosão marcam o estágio hidrotermal. As características morfológicas e texturais observadas permitem reconstituir a cronologia entre diferentes eventos de alteração hidrotermal e mineralização associada, além de estabelecer as relações entre plútons de uma mesma unidade magmática.
Anatomia do lenho de seis espécies do gênero Cecropia Loefl. (Urticaceae)
Authors: Reis Pamella Carolline Marques dos , Reis Alisson Rodrigo Souza , Lisboa Pedro Luiz Braga , Reis Leonardo Pequeno
Published: February 2022

O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar anatomicamente seis espécies de Cecropia, para contribuir na identificação das seguintes espécies: C. distachya Huber, C. latiloba Miq., C. obtusa Trécul, C. obtusifolia Bertol., C. palmata Willd. e C. sciadophylla Mart. Para atingir o objetivo proposto, as descrições anatômicas seguiram as metodologias tradicionais usadas para estudos em anatomia da madeira. As espécies apresentam raios multisseriados e heterogêneos, constituídos de células procumbentes, quadradas e eretas, parênquima aliforme, com variação de aletas (de extensão losangular, linear e grossas), poros predominantemente solitários e porosidade difusa. C. latiloba Miq. foi a única espécie que apresentou canais axiais difusos e fibras septadas, sendo a espécie com maior variação entre as analisadas. Em nível macroscópico, as espécies se diferenciaram pelas camadas de crescimento e tipo de parênquima axial, e microscopicamente a diferenciação ocorreu pela presença ou ausência de fibra septada, canal axial e tipo de parênquima axial. Mesmo sem aparelho óptico, as espécies podem ser diferenciadas.
Dispersão primária de frutos da castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.): importância para o manejo e a conservação da espécie
Authors: Faustino Camila De Lima , Evangelista Joziane Silva , Wadt Lúcia Helena De Oliveira
Published: February 2022

A castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) é um produto florestal não madeireiro de destaque, por consolidar aspectos econômicos, sociais e ecológicos. No entanto, práticas de manejo ainda precisam ser estabelecidas para que a extração desse produto seja realizada de forma segura, a fim de que o extrativista tenha um produto de qualidade e que seja sustentável para a espécie. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a dinâmica da dispersão primária de frutos de Bertholletia excelsa em um castanhal nativo no estado do Acre, buscando obter informações que subsidiem uma definição segura sobre a melhor época e o intervalo de coleta dos frutos. Durante o período de dispersão, 20 árvores foram monitoradas, sendo seus frutos contados e marcados de acordo com o tempo de queda. A queda dos frutos ocorreu em picos, sendo que, após 50 dias do início da dispersão, praticamente todos os frutos já haviam caído. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a coleta deve começar a partir da oitava semana após o início da dispersão, e apenas um retorno às árvores deve ser realizado para a coleta dos frutos remanescentes, proporcionando ganhos em termos de qualidade e maior eficiência na produtividade.
‘Castanha na roça’: expansão da produção e renovação dos castanhais em áreas de agricultura itinerante no Amapá, Brasil
Authors: Guedes Marcelino Carneiro , Neves Ezaquiel De Sousa , Rodrigues Ediglei Gomes , Paiva Paulo , Costa Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa , Freitas Marciane Furtado , Lemos Lindinaldo Machado de
Published: February 2022

O envelhecimento dos castanhais em florestas densas pode comprometer a sustentabilidade produtiva, devido às dificuldades de recrutamento e à redução da produção. No entanto, estudos mostram elevado potencial de regeneração e desenvolvimento da espécie em áreas alteradas. O objetivo deste estudo é evidenciar o maior potencial de recrutamento das castanheiras em áreas abertas circunvizinhas à floresta madura e fazer uma abordagem inédita do potencial produtivo das castanheiras nessas áreas em início de sucessão. Salientamos a importância e formas de manejo das castanheiras jovens, por meio do sistema ‘castanha na roça’. Foram avaliadas 1.442 castanheiras, em 91 áreas de agricultura itinerante na Reserva Extrativista do rio Cajari. A densidade na área total amostrada em início de sucessão foi de 11 ind. ha-1, contra sete na floresta madura. Nas capoeiras, o diâmetro à altura do peito da menor castanheira produtiva (24,5 cm) foi inferior ao da floresta (38,5 cm), sendo produtivas 17% das castanheiras, com produção média de 84 ouriços por árvore. O reconhecimento de que a agricultura itinerante e o extrativismo são atividades complementares é essencial para a sustentabilidade da coleta de castanha, que pode ser garantida pelas novas castanheiras que surgem nas roças e durante o pousio e desenvolvimento das capoeiras.
Immature stages of Heraclides thoas thoas (Linnaeus, 1771) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): biology and morphology
Authors: Graça Márlon Breno Costa Santos da , Nunes-Gutjahr Ana Lúcia
Published: February 2022

The morphology and biological aspects of the immature stages of Heraclides thoas thoas (Linnaeus, 1771) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) are described. Eggs of H. thoas thoas were collected in Belém, Pará, Brazil, and larvae were reared on Piper aduncum L. (Piperales: Piperaceae). Parasitism by Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in the pupal stage was observed.
Uma nova espécie de Dichaea Lindl. (Orchidaceae) para a Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Krahl Amauri Herbert , Valsko Jefferson José , Holanda Ana Sofia Sousa de
Published: February 2022

Uma nova espécie de Dichaea com folhas articuladas e ovário glabro é proposta para o norte do Brasil. A nova espécie possui afinidade com D. ancoraelabia, contudo são diferenciadas pela morfologia vegetativa e floral: Dichaea diminuta é uma planta pêndula e possui porte menor, enquanto D. ancoraelabia é subereta e de tamanho maior. Além disso, D. ancoraelabia possui peças florais ovais, o labelo possui base larga e o ápice subtruncado e minuciosamente apiculado, e em D. diminuta observam-se peças florais lanceoladas, e o labelo possui base estreitada e ápice apiculado e côncavo.
The Sound of the Sun: Religious understandings of peace and the role of religious leaders in peacebuilding―a qualitative study in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Odak Stipe
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the different roles of religious leaders in peacebuilding processes, and their specific understanding of peace. It is based on analysis of 75 in-depth interviews with Catholic, Orthodox, and Muslim religious leaders from Bosnia and Herzegovina, conducted in the period from 2015 to 2017. In the first part, peace is analyzed as a concept that contains elements of giftness, spirituality, and praxis. Arguing for the relevance of all three elements, the article warns against possible misunderstandings that can come when peace is assessed only through directly measurable indicators. In the second part, peacebuilding activities of religious leaders are divided into three groups: 1) before conflicts, 2) during conflicts, and 3) in post-conflict phases. In those scenarios, religious leaders play preventive, reactive, and transformative roles, respectively. The preventive role comprises all activities related to the development of moral character and social ethics that promote non-violence. The reactive role includes activities related to humanitarian assistance, spiritual and emotional accompaniment, denunciation of crimes, and promotion of alternative social visions to those of group-separation. Lastly, in the post-conflict phase (the transformative role), peacebuilding is inseparable from the challenges related to the legacy of past violence, especially those of forgiveness, reconciliation, and memory of conflicts.
Vertical Social Cohesion: Linking Concept to Practice
Authors: Kamatsiko Valarie
Published: February 2022

This article addresses gaps in linking the conceptualization and practice of vertical social cohesion. Through a review of literature, examination of field-based case studies and focused discussions with academics, the article crystalizes the understanding of vertical social cohesion—often restricted to state-society relations—and offers four mutually reinforcing strands of the vertical dimension that are cognizant of the hybridity of state, non-state, formal and informal institutions that exist in most societies. Through a deeper reflection on practice, the article discusses two considerations for strengthening the practice of vertical social cohesion that should start with intentional consideration of the vertical dimension of social cohesion during the intervention design: leveraging governance programming based on its complementarities with social cohesion; and careful blending of interventions that promote horizontal and vertical social cohesion. It argues that, while the focus of community-level social cohesion interventions is often biased towards strengthening horizontal social relations, both the vertical and horizontal dimensions are important in shaping the nature and strength of a society’s cohesiveness. The article contends that social cohesiveness is determined by how vertical and horizontal social cohesion interact and proposes a tool—Social Cohesion’s Four-Quadrants Model—to harmonize and weigh programming choices in order to influence broader, sustainable societal change.
Gout: Current Considerations
Authors: Fappiano Alexandria , Crone Wilson
Published: February 2022

Gout is a treatable chronic inflammatory condition that can cause severe joint pain and disfigurement. Commonly, it affects the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint as a monoarticular process. It is typically caused by hyperuricemia and genetic mutations of the uricase gene. Gout is definitively diagnosed with the presence of negative birefringent needle-shaped crystals in the synovial fluid of the affected joint. Classically, seafood and alcohol are risk factors for developing gout. However, given current population trends, obesity is another major risk factor. While weight loss is the best conservative management, medications can also be used to manage gout. The treatment is aimed at preventing acute flares, addressing acute flares, and lowering uric acid levels. Current gout medications do achieve these treatment goals, but unfortunately long-term adherence is typically low. Studies have shown that individualized treatment with the aid of interdisciplinary team management has improved medication adherence and patient understanding of their condition. As with those with other chronic conditions, patients have seen both racial and coronavirus-driven impacts on the success of gout treatment plans.
The Impact of #365Papers: A Daily Scientific Twitter Campaign to Disseminate Exercise Oncology Literature
Authors: Zadravec Kendra , Weller Sarah , Meyers Logan , Lane Kirstin , Kong Jeffrey , Campbell Kristin
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Many health researchers and practitioners use Twitter to stimulate scientific dialogue and collaboration among peers, as well as the general public. In 2018, the Clinical Exercise Physiology Lab (CEPL) undertook a year-long scientific Twitter campaign (#365Papers) where one peer-reviewed publication related to cancer and exercise/physical activity was tweeted per day. Features of this campaign included Throwback Thursdays (selected article published before 2018) and guest tweeters (article chosen by other exercise oncology researchers). We report on the impact of the #365Papers campaign based on Twitter Analytics data (i.e., engagement rate). We also explore how engagement rate differed depending on publication features (e.g., type of research, journal impact factor, Altmetric Attention Score) and campaign features (i.e., Throwback Thursdays, guest tweeters). Methods: Campaign data were obtained from Twitter Analytics (Twitter, 2020: San Francisco, USA). Publication information (i.e., type of research, journal) was extracted by screening titles and abstracts, while each publication’s Altmetric Attention Score was obtained using the Altmetric Bookmarklet (Digital Science, Holtzbrinck Publishing Group, 2020: Stuttgart, Germany). Twitter Analytics data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Differences in engagement rate were analyzed based on research type (e.g., randomized controlled trial), journal impact factor, Altmetric Attention Score, and if the publication was posted as part of a Throwback Thursday or by a guest tweeter. Results: The #365Papers Twitter campaign received a total of 688,117 impressions and 22,124 engagements, with a median engagement rate of 3.2% and the majority of engagement from URL clicks (n=8279; 37%). The mean monthly increase in CEPL Twitter account followers was 48 (±18). Engagement rate did not differ based on type of research (p=0.53), journal impact factor (r=-0.06; p=0.27), Altmetric Attention Score (r=0.01; p=0.80), nor if the tweet was part of a Throwback Thursday (p=0.97). However, guest tweets had significantly higher engagement rates versus non-guest tweets (median: 3.6% vs. 3.1%; p=0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest the potential of a daily scientific Twitter campaign to stimulate peer and public engagement and dialogue around new scientific publications, especially when prominent figures in the research field are incorporated into the campaign process.
Collegiate Athletic Trainers’ Experiences Planning for Return-to-Sports During COVID-19: A Qualitative Research Study
Authors: Post Eric , DiSanti Justin , Eason Christianne , Root Hayley , Abdenour Thomas
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of intercollegiate head athletic trainers in the process of planning to resume sport, as well as their experiences across the course of the pandemic to identify key strategies, challenges, and future considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: This exploratory, descriptive qualitative study was conducted via one-on-one semi structured interviews through the Zoom video conference technology. Twenty-four head athletic trainers across NCAA Division I, II, and III institutions participated in the study. Results: Emerging themes included the development of detailed, institution-specific plans with shared elements such as policies for testing and screening, modifications to facilities and cleaning, and incorporation of coach and athlete education. Athletic trainers discussed the processes they used to create their return-to-sport policies, which included professional development and interprofessional collaborations. While participants were confident in their plans, they acknowledged the need to overcome logistical and psychosocial challenges, such as the recognition that the success of their plans relied on numerous variables that could not be completely controlled. Conclusion: It is clear that NCAA ATs have played – and will continue to play – an integral role in overcoming challenges to promote a safe return-to-sports amidst the COVID-19 pandemic via education, policy making, and delivery of healthcare services. The challenges imposed by the accompanying set of circumstances have strained these ATs’ practical tendencies and procedures. ATs have met these challenges through collaboration, information-seeking, and acceptance of the situation. NCAA ATs have embraced the opportunity to lead the way towards safe, successful campus reopening and resumption of competition.