Determination of risk as a technology assessment criteria and establishing the scope of its application
Authors:   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics NAS of Ukraine, Kopach Pavlo , Yakubenko Leonid ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics NAS of Ukraine, Mormul Taras ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics NAS of Ukraine, Danko Tamara ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics NAS of Ukraine, Gorobets Nataliya ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics NAS of Ukraine, Halchenko Zariana ,   M.S. Poliakov Institute of Geotechnical Mechanics NAS of Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to theoretical studies of man-made safety of nature management technologies and risk as a criterion for their assessment.
The development of technologies is considered in the context of the theory of technological orders, which is based on the theory of long waves of M.D. Kondratiev. It is analyzed how the increase of the technological framework affects the level of risk of technological activity. Taking into account the time factor is especially important. It is theoretically proven that mining activity is always associated with the presence of environmental damage, and avoiding the conflict between economic growth and the need to preserve the quality of the environment is not always possible. And therefore, in order to ensure parity between the interests of ecology and the economy, a search for a rational or optimal solution must take place. Life dictates the search for new, often non-standard, technical and technological solutions using known natural phenomena and effects.
With the development of industrial technologies in the historical period, the danger level of impact on natural and social systems also changes. The process of technology development is shown on the example of successive changes in technological orders. The lower group of technological orders was considered on the example of mining technologies, nanotechnology was chosen as the representative of the higher group. Technologies of the lower orders are characterized by the locality of expressions and the insignificant duration of the negative impact on the environment. Technologies of higher technological orders are characterized by other parameters of influence in time and space frameworks. Their influence spans larger global systems and transcends the boundaries of one human generation.
The purpose of this work was to determine the stages of development of industrial technologies, characteristic features of their functioning, and to establish safety criteria and areas of their application.
It was established that the scope of application of the concept of "acceptable technological risk" as a criterion for assessment the effectiveness of the functioning of technological orders is possible only for the first four technological orders. For technological orders of higher technological orders, the application of this assessment criterion without conducting additional research and taking into account parameters of a different order is problematic.
Keywords: technologies of nature management, ecological safety, technological orders, acceptable technological risk.