bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"ICH BIN KEIN SPIEL-MANN"
Authors: Anglet Andreas
Published: April 2015

Die drei Musiker-Romane von W. C. Printz besetzen sozial- und literaturgeschichtlich eine prägnant andere Position als der Künstler-Roman am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. Sie verteidigen als Satiren den Anspruch des Stadtmusikers am Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts auf Anerkennung und Festigung seiner sozialen Stellung sowie seiner rechtlichen und wirtschaftlichen Position, die durch die lokalen Handwerker und die Konkurrenz der fahrenden Spielleute bedroht ist (PräzedenzStreit). Abgewiesen werden zeitgenössische musikerfeindliche Diskurse über die Moral der Stadtmusiker und die Minderwertigkeit ihres Könnens. Dabei kündigt sich ein neues künstlerisches Bildungsbewußtsein und Selbstverständnis an.
"DU GÖTTLICHES GESCHENKI DES HERZENS WEHRTE LUST"
Authors: Bomers lost
Published: April 2015

Weneel Seherffers Geist- und Weltliche Gedichte (1652) fassen nieht unspezifiseh das diehterisehe Sehaffen über drei Jahrzehnte zusammen, sondern sind gemäß der opitzianisehen Poetik als "Sylven oder waelder" konzipiert. Dabei orientiert sieh Seherffers enzyklopädische Gediehtsammlung an dem aus der antiken Rhetorik stammenden wirkungsästhetischen Postulat, dass Diehtung belehren und erfreuen solI. Mit dieser pädagogisehen Intention beschreibt Scherffer in seinem Lehrgedieht Der music Lob die zum Kanon der 'artes liberales' zählenden Musik als göttliehes Geschenk, als Erzieherin zur Tugendhaftigkeit und als Gottesdienst, wie es im 150. Psalm, auf den Scherffer in einer Praefatio verweist, zum Ausdruek kommt.
TElL II
Authors: Hagens Jan L.
Published: April 2015

Aufbauend auf meinem Artikel "Spielen und Zuschauen in Jakob Bidermanns Philemon Martyr: 'Theatrum Mundi' als dramatisches und pädagogisches Prinzip des Jesuitentheaters" [Daphnis 29 (2000)], analysiert der vorliegende Essay, wie Bidermann im Philemon Martyr (1618) die Idee des 'theatrum mundi' einsetzt, urn rivalisierende theologische und theatertheoretische Positionen anzugreifen. In theologischer Hinsicht richtet sich Bidermanns 'theatrum mundi' gegen jene Denker, die, wie die Dominikaner, eher deterministische Ansichten zur menschlichen Willensfreiheit vertreten. In theatertheoretischer Hinsicht kritisiert Bidermann jene humanistischen Dramatiker, die rein zwischenmenschliche Konflikte bevorzugen und das menschliche Dasein als bIoSes gesellschaftliches Spiel darstellen, das wir – ohne göttlichen Regisseur und göttliches Publikum – auf der Biihne des Lebens treiben. Bidermann dagegen ordnet solch existenzielle Performanz auf der 'scena vitae' in ein religiöses Welttheater ein. Bidermann inszeniert beide Auseinandersetzungen auf performative Weise.
HERZOG ALBRECHTS VON PREUSSEN ZWEITE HOCHZEIT (KÖNIGSBERG 1550) IN ZEITGENÖSSISCHER BUKOLISCHER DARSTELLUNG
Authors: Mundt Lothar
Published: April 2015

Vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Beitrag sowohl zur Geschichte des prcußischen Dichterkreises urn Georg Sabinus (1508-1560) zu der Zeit, als dieser Rektor und Professor in Königsberg war (1544-1555), wie zur Geschichte der neulateinischen Bukolik und Gelegenheitsdichtung. Wesentlicher Teil der Publikation sind zwei Eklogen von Sabinus und Andreas Münzer (gest. 1572) auf die zweite Hochzeit Herzog Albrechts von Preußen 1550. Die beiden Texte werden hier nach einem Königsberger Gelegenheitsdruck aus diesem Jahr erstmals wissenschaftlich ediert (mit knappem Kommentar) und übersetzt. Die einführenden Abschnitte informieren über den historischen Aniaß der Texte, über Leben und Werk der beiden Autoren und über einige Aspekte der bukolischen Epithalamiendichtung im 16. Jahrhundert.
NOTATA ET NOTANDA
Authors: Haye Thomas
Published: April 2015

Der als Adressat der sog. Dunkelmännerbriefe verleumdete Ortwin Gratius (1480-1542) steHt seiner 1509 besorgten Edition der Psychomachia des Prudentius ein einleitendes Gedicht und einen an Johann Murmellius (1480-1517) adressierten Widmungsbrief voran, in denen er gegen die Bevorzugung paganer Poesie polemisiert und für eine stlirkere Berücksichtigung der christlichen Dichtung der Spätantike plädiert.
WIDER DIE SCHWARZE KUNST?
Authors: Herweg Mathias
Published: April 2015

Bis heute haftet Trithemius’ Schreiberlob, rund 50 Jahre nach Gutenbergs Erfindung entstanden, der Ruf des Anachronistischen, gar Kuriosen an. Die genauere Analyse legt indes eine andere Wertung nahe: Der Buchdruck wird nur abgelehnt, wo er das Mißverständnis produziert, ‘humanes’ Schreiben sei durch ihn verzichtbar geworden; hier nämlich liegt für den Klosterhumanisten Trithemius ein grundsätzlicher Irrtum: Das neue Medium kann das alte nicht ersetzen, weil es beim Schreiben auf den Prozeß und auf die reflexiven Erträge des Prozesses ankommt, beim Druck dagegen nur auf das Ergebnis. Vom heutigen Standpunkt fasziniert eine Anthropologie des Schreibens, die in mancher Hinsicht an postmoderne Positionen anklingt, für die Trithemius indes mit guten Gründen vor allem Gewährsleute aus der karolingischen Frühphase seiner Epoche anführt.
SIEGFRIEDS MÖRDER
Authors: Renz Tilo
Published: April 2015

Das Nibelungenlied schildert nicht nur die Eskalation der Gewalt, sondern auch Mechanismen zu ihrer Reglementierung. Ein Verfahren der Formalisierung von Waffengängen ist die öffentliche Feststellung des Schuldigen an Siegfrieds Tod, die Kriemhilds Rache voraus geht. Wiederholt wird im Verlauf der Handlung die Frage nach Siegfrieds Mörder gestellt. Zahlreiche Rekurse auf das Mordgeschehen machen unterschiedliche Figuren verantwortlich (neben Hagen insbesondere Gunther) und implizieren Konzepte von Täterschaft und Schuld. Die Variation erweist sich als literarischer Darstellungsmodus des Problems, als Voraussetzung von Rache einen Schuldigen feststellen zu müssen. In der Frage, ob und wie eine Tat auf einen einzelnen Täter zurückgeführt werden kann, korrespondiert das Nibelungenlied mit zeitgenössischen juristischen Texten, insbesondere mit den Landfrieden. Der Aufsatz beschreibt die Poetik der Bestimmung von Schuld im Nibelungenlied und zeigt Entsprechungen in normativen Rechtstexten auf.
ERZÄHLEN UND WISSENSTRANSFER
Authors: Moshövel Andrea
Published: April 2015

Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht mithilfe des Begriffs des ‘synchronen Wissenstransfers’, 1 d. h. der Frage, welches ‘Wissen’ textintern und textextern unter welchen Umständen zu welchem Zweck an wen übermittelt wird, die Darstellung exorzistischer Beschwörungen in der Astrolabiuslegende der Kaiserchronik (Mitte 12. Jh.) und im Schwankmäre Irregang und Girregar Rüdegers von Munre (Ende 13./Anfang 14. Jh.). Die Analysen zeigen hierbei zum einen, wie auf der Handlungsebene die exorzistische Beschwörung als ‘Kontingenz- und Weltbewältigungsstrategie’ in die gattungspoetische Struktur der jeweiligen Erzählung integriert wird. Zum anderen wird zugleich im Hinblick auf die Rezipientenebene deutlich, dass die Erzählungen als Medium, in dem der Umgang mit exorzistischem Beschwörungswissen als Problem von Macht und Legitimation und/oder von Macht, Leichtgläubigkeit und Aberglauben fiktional durchgespielt wird, am Wissenstransfer der Gesellschaft teilhaben.
STRATEGIEN DES KULTURTRANSFERS IM PEGNESISCHEN BLUMENORDEN UND IHRE BEDEUTUNG FÜR DIE ÖFFNUNG DER GENDERGRENZEN FÜR SCHREIBENDE FRAUEN DER FRÜHEN NEUZEIT
Authors: Wade Mara R.
Published: April 2015

Der theoretische Rahmen des Kulturtransfers ermöglicht im Folgenden eine Untersuchung der poetischen Wechselwirkungen unter den in Nürnberg lebenden und den überregionalen Mitgliedern des Pegnesischen Blumenordens in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts mit einem besonderen Blick auf die Ordensmitglieder im Baltikum. Dabei wird die Bedeutung ihrer Aktivitäten für die Überwindung von Gendergrenzen für schreibende Frauen unter die Lupe genommen.
DER CODEX ARGENTEUS UND PHILIPP MELANCHTHON IN HELMSTEDT
Authors: Staats Reinhart
Published: April 2015

Uppsalas ‘Silberbibel’ (eigentlich ’Silberevangeliar’) ist das Hauptdokument für Wulfilas gotische Bibelübersetzung (seit 2011 UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe). Untersucht wird die Geschichte dieses ‘Codex Argenteus’ in Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit. Die These lautet: 1547 war der Codex nur für kurze Zeit in der Benediktinerabtei St. Ludgeri in Werden (bei Essen). Denn womöglich schon nach Karls des Großen Kaiserkrönung gelangte diese kostbarste Zimelie in die Abtei St. Ludgeri in Helmstedt bei Braunschweig. Hauptargument ist die Translation “hochberühmter antiker Handschriften” von Helmstedt nach Werden während des Religionskrieges 1547. Mehrere Argumente unterstützen die These, auch der Speyerer Fund von 1970. Das ausgelöste Blatt des Codex war an Melanchthon adressiert, der 1547 mit der Luther-Familie auf der Flucht in Helmstedt war.
BEGEHREN UND WISSEN
Authors: Schnyder André
Published: April 2015

Die Arbeit untersucht vom Verlauf der Texte ausgehend (Henno mit den Zähnen aus den Nugae curialium des Walter Map und die Melusine Thürings von Ringoltingen) in dichter Beschreibung und unter Perspektivierung auf die Konzepte von ‘Begehren’ und ‘Wissen’ das Geschlechterverhältnis in zwei zeitlich auseinanderliegenden Belegen für Feenerzählungen; durch den Einbezug von Paratexten und durch den Blick auf die zwei Autoren wird eine Verknüpfung von Textinnenwelt und der realen Welt ihrer Produzenten und Rezipienten erstrebt.
DER DREIFACH GETAUFTE EULENSPIEGEL: MÜNDLICHER, HANDSCHRIFTLICHER UND GEDRUCKTER SCHALK
Authors: Seelbach Ulrich
Published: April 2015

Das Phänomen der Modernen Sagen (urban legends) hilft uns, die Wege mündlichen Erzählens zu verstehen. Diese Erzählungen wandern und wechseln dabei ihre Einkleidungen, Details und Gewährsleute. Sie wandern auf den modernen Verkehrswegen und heißen nicht umsonst “urban”: Sie sind weltläufig und wechseln die Erzählsprache ohne erkennbare Probleme. Auch Eulenspiegel-Geschichten sind nachweislich über ganz Europa so oder ähnlich erzählt worden, weil auch sie über — aponyme — Akteure berichten, die sich zunächst regional mündlich und auktorial schriftlich einem originären Erzählkern anlagern.
SCHILDBÜRGER AUS ABDERA?
Authors: Röcke Werner
Published: April 2015

Sprichwörter und sprichwörtliche Redewendungen repräsentieren kollektive Erfahrungen. Das gilt auch für die Rede von “Schildbürgern”, “Schildbürgerstreichen” u. ä. Dabei fällt auf, dass Schildbürgerstreiche nicht einfach als lächerlich oder gar dumm abgetan werden können, sondern einer bestimmten Logik und Vernunft folgen. Ähnliches gilt für die Bewohner des antiken Abdera, die Abderiten, deren närrische Klugheit bis ins 18. Jahrhundert sprichwörtlich war. In dem Aufsatz wird närrische Klugheit der Schildbürger vor der Folie gängiger Verhaltensmuster der Abderiten diskutiert, die vor allem im Philogelos (oder “Witzfreund”; vor dem 5. Jhdt. n. Chr.) überliefert wird. Sie betrifft eine prinzipielle Orientierung am ‘gemeinen Nutz’, der nur als ‘gemeiner Schaden’ realisiert werden kann; eine auffällige Kontextlosigkeit bei der Lösung von Problemen, die bis heute außerordentlich komisch wirkt; eine deutliche Lust an der Gewalt u. ä. In diesem Zusammenhang liefert gerade der ‘fremde Blick’ auf die antiken Abderiten die Möglichkeit, die paradoxe Klugheit der Schildbürger neu zu perspektivieren.
MOLBOER — DIE DÄNISCHEN SCHILDBÜRGER
Authors: Blosen Hans
Published: April 2015

Die sprichwörtlichen dänischen Schildbürger, die Molboer, sind die Bewohner der an der Ostküste Jütlands der Stadt Århus gegenüberliegenden Halbinsel Mols. Ihre Geschichten, die Molbo-Historien, führen nicht — wie man vermuten könnte und auch vermutete — auf das Lalebuch von 1597 zurück, sondern sind eine Sammlung eigener Art. Das gilt für die ältesten Büchlein vom Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts wie für alle Nachfolger, die den Bestand aus mündlicher Tradition erweiterten. Während die Molboer früher den Makel der Torheit — aus Kopenhagener Sicht — mit den Jütländern insgesamt teilen mussten, ist ihr Vorrecht seit etwa 1800 unbestritten. Nur die moderne Schildbürgertradition der Ostfriesenwitze hat in der Form der Århus-Historien der Stadt Århus zu neuem Toren-Ruhm verholfen.
THE BIBLIA PICTA VELISLAI AND LATIN BIBLICAL MNEMONICS IN 14TH AND 15TH C. BOHEMIA
Authors: Doležalová Lucie
Published: April 2015

After an overview of late medieval Latin biblical mnemonic tools with a special attention to those transmitted in Bohemia, the study moves to an analysis of the most singular biblical retelling from Bohemia, the Biblia picta Velislai (Velislav bible) from ca. 1340. While this “biblical comics” displays many inconsistencies both in its visual and textual aspects (e.g., there are only nine precepts of the Decalogue included), the author argues that such features were quite common during the Middle Ages and did not exclude its use for education and meditation. Like substantially later Manualník by Jan Amos Komenský (1623, printed 1658), the main aim of this and other biblical retellings was the moral edification of the readers.
A new species of Troglocharinus Reitter, 1908 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini) from southern Catalonia, with a molecular phylogeny of the related species group
Authors: RIZZO V. , COMAS J.
Published: April 2015

In this paper we describe T. pallisei sp. n., a new representative of the genus Troglocharinus Reitter, 1908 (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leptodirini), a strictly subterranean genus restricted to the Eastern Pyrenees and some coastal areas in Catalonia. All known specimens of T. pallisei sp. n. were collected in a cave next to the town of La Riba, in the province of Tarragona (Spain), situated between the distribution areas of the species of the T. orcinus complex and T. espanoli Jeannel, 1930. It can be separated from the other members of the T. orcinus complex by the presence of penicillus in the apex of the parameres of the aedeagus and from T. espanoli by the presence of a mesoventral keel; it also differs from both by its long and erect pubescence. A Bayesian molecular phylogeny including representatives of the main lineages within the genus Troglocharinus, based on ca. 5211 Kb of 5 mitochondrial and 4 nuclear genes, placed T. pallisei sp. n. as sister to T. orcinus Jeannel, 1910, and both sister to T. espanoli, in perfect agreement with their geographic distributions and the inferred geographic expansion of the genus to the south, with an estimated divergence of ca. 1.3 Ma. In agreement with the results of a previous phylogenetic study, the subgenus Antrocharidius Jeannel, 1910 is synonymised with Troglocharinus (syn.n.).
Redescription of Libanasa brachyura Karny, 1928. (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: ?Lutosinae) from Tanzania and problems at the subfamily level
Authors: JOHNS PETER M. , HEMP CLAUDIA
Published: April 2015

Libanasa brachyura Karny, 1928 is resurrected and redescribed. Morphological details are added which now question its placement in the Lutosinae, and this in turn questions the subfamily arrangements as a whole. New characters are introduced for future comparison with other genera. Some details of its biology are also added.
Spring-cleaning of African agathidines: new combinations for five species previously placed in Cremnops Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: TUCKER ERIKA M. , SHARKEY MICHAEL J.
Published: April 2015

Little work has been done with the African species of Cremnops since their original descriptions. Herein we propose new combinations for five species that are currently placed in Cremnops, i.e., C. atripennis Szépligeti 1914 and C. elegantissima Szépligeti 1908 are moved to Disophrys; C. borealis (Szépligeti 1914) and C. rubrigaster Masi 1944 are moved to Biroia; and C. pulchripennis Szépligeti 1905 is moved to and renamed Biroia neopulchipennis. These changes result in Disophrys atripennis (Szépligeti 1915) becoming a jr. homonym, which we change to Disophrys szatripennis. Additionally, two species are proposed as nomen dubia: C. rufitarsis Szépligeti 1913 and C. schubotzi Szépligeti 1915.
Probabilistic Seasonal Prediction of Meteorological Drought Using the Bootstrap and Multivariate Information
Authors: Behrangi Ali , Nguyen Hai , Granger Stephanie
Published: April 2015

In the present work, a probabilistic ensemble method using the bootstrap is developed to predict the future state of the standard precipitation index (SPI) commonly used for drought monitoring. The methodology is data driven and has the advantage of being easily extended to use more than one variable as predictors. Using 110 years of monthly observations of precipitaton, surface air temperature, and the Niño-3.4 index, the method was employed to assess the impact of the different variables in enhancing the prediction skill. A predictive probability density function (PDF) is produced for future 6-month SPI, and a log-likelihood skill score is used to cross compare various combination scenarios using the entire predictive PDF and with reference to the observed values set aside for validation. The results suggest that the multivariate prediction using complementary information from 3- and 6-month SPI and initial surface air temperature significantly improves seasonal prediction skills for capturing drought severity and delineation of drought areas based on observed 6-month SPI. The improvement is observed across all seasons and regions over the continental United States relative to other prediction scenarios that ignore the surface air temperature information.
Atmospheric Wet Deposition in Remote Regions: Benchmarks for Environmental Change
Authors: Keene William C. , Galloway James N. , Likens Gene E. , Deviney Frank A. , Mikkelsen Kerri N. , Moody Jennie L. , Maben John R.
Published: April 2015

Precipitation composition was characterized at 14 remote sites between 65°N and 51°S. Anthropogenic sources contributed to non-sea-salt (nss) SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ in North Atlantic precipitation. Biogenic sources accounted for 0.4–3.3 μeq L−1 of volume-weighted-average (VWA) nss SO42− in marine precipitation. SO42− at the continental sites (2.9–7.7 μeq L−1) was generally higher. VWA NO3− (0.5–1.3 μeq L−1) and NH4+ (0.5–2.6 μeq L−1) at marine-influenced, Southern Hemispheric sites were generally less than those at continental sites (1.4–4.8 μeq L−1 and 2.3–4.2 μeq L−1, respectively). VWA pH ranged from 4.69 to 5.25. Excluding the North Atlantic, nss SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ wet depositions were factors of 4–47, 5–61, and 3–39, respectively, less than those in the eastern United States during 2002–04. HCOOHt (HCOOHaq + HCOO−) and CH3COOHt (CH3COOHaq + CH3COO−) concentrations and depositions at marine sites overlapped, implying spatially similar source strengths from marine-derived precursors. Greater variability at continental sites suggests heterogeneity in terrestrial source strengths. Seasonality in deposition was driven by variability in precipitation amount, wind velocity, transport, and emissions. Between 1980 and 2009, nss SO42− at Bermuda decreased by 85% in response to decreasing U.S. SO2 emissions; trends in NO3− and NH4+ were inconsequential. Corresponding decreases in acidity, as reflected in the significant 30% decline in VWA H+, impacted pH-dependent chemical processes. Comparisons between measurements and models indicate that current predictive capabilities are uncertain by factors of 2 or more.
The Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Bowman Kenneth P. , Fowler Megan D.
Published: April 2015

Position and intensity data from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) are combined with global, gridded precipitation estimates from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) for the period 1998–2013 to study the diurnal cycle of precipitation in tropical cyclones. The comprehensive global coverage and large sample size afforded by the two datasets allow robust statistical analysis of storm-averaged diurnal variations and permit stratification of the data in various ways. There is a clearly detectable diurnal variation of precipitation in tropical cyclones with peak rainfall occurring near 0600 local time. For storms of all intensities the amplitude of the diurnal harmonic, which dominates the diurnal cycle, is approximately 7% of the mean rain rate. This corresponds to a peak-to-peak variation of about 15% over the course of the day. The diurnal cycle is similar in all ocean basins. There is evidence that the amplitude of the diurnal cycle increases with increasing storm intensity, but the results are not statistically significant. The results have implications for hurricane forecasting and for a greater understanding of the processes that regulate oceanic convection.
Prevalence of abuse in mentally ill patients visiting outpatient setting in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Bhatia Manjeet Singh , Srivastava Shruti , Khyati Meghashyam , Kaushik Rohit
Published: April 2015

Aim

In a developing country such as India, the abuse of patients suffering from psychiatric disorders has been underreported. The aim of this study was to detect abuse in chronically ill psychiatric patients visiting a psychiatric outpatient setting in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India.

Material and Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive written survey was carried out on 406 patients. A self-administered questionnaire for patient abuse was developed in Hindi based on the World Health Organization’s Domestic Violence Questionnaire that encompassed questions regarding physical, emotional and sexual abuse.

Results

Of the 406 patients, 294 (72%) suffered from abuse, with 64% experiencing emotional abuse, 39% physical abuse and 21% sexual abuse. In chronically ill psychiatric patients, a significant association was found between education and abuse, with most abuse occurring among senior secondary pass outs (i.e. 11–12 years of education) and least among junior high school pass outs (6–8 years of education). A majority (74%) of these patients lived in urban areas (p = .020). A significant association was also found between abuse and the psychiatric diagnosis of the patient, with 53% suffering from depression, 66% anxiety disorder, 81% bipolar disorder, 94% psychotic disorder, 86% obsessive compulsive disorder, 44% sexual disorder and 12% other psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions

There is a need to create awareness in society in order to prevent abuse. Screening for abuse in routine psychiatric practice is of utmost importance so that timely interventions can be given, thereby preventing its deleterious health consequences.
Disciplining China with the scientific study of the state: Lu Zhengxiang and the Chinese Social and Political Science Association, 1915–1920
Authors: Feng John H.
Published: April 2015

This paper discusses the Chinese Social and Political Science Association and its impact on China’s inclination to Wilsonianism. The CSPSA was founded in Beijing in 1915. Two primary supporters were Lu Zhengxiang (China’s Foreign Minister) and Paul S. Reinsch (American Minister to China during the Wilson administration). It chose English as its official language in order to have dialogues with American scholars. The CSPSA had strong interests in constitutionalism, international relations and international law. As it pondered how to discipline China, it demonstrated its inclination to the American scientific study of the state. Epistemologically, this led to the political converge between China and the US during the Great War.
Too young to date! The origins of zaolian (early love) as a social problem in 20th-century China
Authors: Shen Yubin
Published: April 2015

Zaolian (literally means “early love,” “zao” for “early”, “lian” for “love”) refers to courtship or dating among young people in elementary and secondary school systems. In today’s China, it is regarded as a serious social problem related to minors/adolescents. To safeguard their moral, hygiene and promising future, it is believed that zaolian should be prevented and controlled by school regulations, family pressures, and even state laws. This paper attempts to provide a historical explanation to origins of this specific juvenile delinquency in China’s long twentieth century. Firstly, it offers a critical discussion on current scholarships, which dismiss zaolian either as a Freudian sexual repression by the Chinese Communist regime since 1949 or as a product of this regime’s social control efforts in the early 1980s. Unconvinced by these explanations, it then presents a new approach to examine “moral, ideological and structural” origins of zaolian. The moral and ideological origins include traditional Confucian patriarchy and its sexual norms, a new regime of western medical sciences, and the sexual repressive regime of the Chinese Communist Party, and all of them could be traced at least in the early 20th century. Lastly, it turns to the more crucial structural origins, or the three institutional-buildings responding to globally circulating discourses since the early 20th century: modern marriage against zaohun (early marriage), family planning policy against zaoyu (early childbirth) and modern educational system. Zaolian as a social problem was fledged in the 1980s when the three institutions had been well-established in China.
Translating culture and psychiatry across the Pacific: How koro became culture-bound
Authors: Chiang Howard
Published: April 2015

This article examines the development of koro’s epistemic status as a paradigm for understanding culture-specific disorders in modern psychiatry. Koro entered the DSM-IV as a culture-bound syndrome in 1994, and it refers to a person’s overpowering belief that his (or her) genitalia is retracting and even disappearing. I focus in particular on mental health professionals’ competing views of koro in the 1960s—as an object of psychoanalysis, a Chinese disease, and a condition predisposed by culture. At that critical juncture, transcultural psychiatrists based outside of continental China—namely, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore—appropriated ideas from traditional Chinese culture to consolidate the clinical diagnosis of koro as culture-bound. This new global meaning of koro was made possible by a cohort of medical experts who encountered the phenomenon and its sufferers in Sinophone (Chinese-speaking) communities, but placed their contributions within the broader contours of the global reach of Anglophone psychiatric science.
“(r) You Saying Yes to the Dress?”
Authors: Eberhardt Maeve , Downs Corinne
Published: April 2015

This paper investigates variation in rhoticity on the reality television show Say Yes to the Dress. The study examines the speech of five bridal consultants working at Kleinfeld Bridal in Manhattan. Using the brides’ budgets as a proxy for social status, we ask whether variation in the consultants’ use of (r) correlates with the amount of money the bride states she is willing to spend on her dress, which ranges from $1,500 to unlimited. Mixed-effect logistic regression analysis shows significant differences across three budget categories, a finding that echoes Labov’s original department store study as well as later replications. We discuss our findings within the frame of an audience design approach to style-shifting and the reality television genre and explore how such a mediated data source can be a fruitful area for sociolinguistic research.
Suburban Land Development in Antebellum Boston
Authors: Karr Ronald Dale
Published: April 2015

Historians generally agree that American suburbanization began in the first quarter of the nineteenth century, brought on by a combination of technological innovation (particularly in transportation), economic restructuring, and changing tastes of the urban middle classes. Essential to this process was the rise of a suburban real estate industry, which converted agricultural land into a consumer commodity. Using a microhistorical study of a single farm in the Boston suburb of Brookline, Massachusetts, the origins of the process of suburban land development are examined from 1770 to 1850. Land records, local history, and genealogical information were used to reconstruct the process by which farm land became the site of suburban neighborhoods. Before 1840, when nearly all land transactions were between individuals who knew each other personally, there was no infrastructure of real estate professionals and developers to facilitate suburban growth. During the 1840s, sales between strangers, facilitated by agents or auctioneers, quickly became the norm, and residential subdivisions aimed at varying income levels appeared, accompanied by developers and builders. Land went from being the essential component of family farming to a general commodity freely bought and sold, part of the broader evolution of the American economy into one dominated by market-based industrial and financial capitalism.
Transition and control of nonlinear systems by combining the loop shaping design procedure and the gap metric theory
Authors: Haj Salah Ali Ameur , Garna Tarek , Ragot José , Messaoud Hassani
Published: April 2015

In this paper, in order to synthesize a control law we propose a new approach that enables identification of the intermediate equilibrium points of a nonlinear system, knowing the first and the last ones. These points are those around which the nonlinear system is linearized and therefore yields local models (sub-models) that contribute to forming the multimodel describing the nonlinear system. This approach is based on the transition from a given point (source) to the next by varying a scheduling parameter (SP) defining the source point sub-model. The variation of this parameter is limited by the maximum value of the stability margin determined by the loop shaping design procedure approach (LSDP) applied to such a sub-model. Hence, the new equilibrium point is defined by the new obtained value of the SP for which the gap metric between this sub-model and the one corresponding to the new value of SP is larger than the given stability margin. The different robust controllers synthesized for the different equilibrium points will be used to synthesize the robust control of the nonlinear system, by applying the gain-scheduling technique. The proposed transition approach as well as the robust control algorithm were validated on the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system.
Gain-scheduled control of switched systems subject to actuator saturation
Authors: Wu WJ , Duan GR
Published: April 2015

A new technique is presented for the design of gain-scheduling controllers for switched systems with actuator saturation. By using the parametric Lyapunov equation-based approach and the invariant set theory, we develop a switching strategy of the whole system and propose a gain scheduling approach to increase the design parameter online. Then the closed-loop system is proven to be exponentially stable. Numerical simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed gain scheduling approaches.
Environmental Risk Factors for Developing Catheter‐Related Bloodstream Infection in Home Parenteral Nutrition Patients
Authors: Bech Laura Fuglsang , Drustrup Lotte , Nygaard Louis , Skallerup Anders , Christensen Line Dahlstrøm , Vinter‐Jensen Lars , Rasmussen Henrik Højgaard , Holst Mette
Published: April 2015

Background: Tunneled, cuffed, central venous catheters, including Hickman catheters and peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs), are the most commonly used venous access for home parenteral nutrition (HPN) therapy. Catheter‐related bloodstream infection is the most prevalent and severe complication. This study investigated whether environmental risk factors, including smoking, catheter management by a home care nurse, colectomy with stoma, number of infusion days per week, and C‐reactive protein at catheter insertion day, influenced the time to first catheter‐related bloodstream infection (CRBSI). Materials and Methods: In this 6‐year (2008–2014) observational cohort study, adult patients with intestinal failure receiving HPN through either Hickman catheters or PICCs were included. Data were obtained by reviewing medical records, and the environmental risk factors were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: A total of 295 catheters (Hickman catheters: n = 169 and PICCs: n = 126) inserted into 136 patients were registered. Using the PICCs, 1 additional infusion day per week showed to significantly decrease the time to first CRBSI by a factor of 2.47. Hickman catheters managed by a home care nurse had a significantly increased mean (SD) incidence of CRBSI of 1.45 (0.68) per 1000 catheter days. Hickman catheters not managed by a home care nurse had a mean (SD) incidence of 0.56 (0.24). Conclusion: Using the PICC, 1 additional infusion day per week decreased the time to first CRBSI, while having the Hickman catheter managed by a home care nurse increased the mean CRBSI incidence. No other risk factors were found.
Limbic pathway lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sahin Neslin , Selouan Roger , Markowitz Clyde E , Melhem Elias R , Bilello Michel
Published: April 2015

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a well-known demyelinating disease to cause cognitive dysfunction. The limbic system, relevant to memory, can be easily overlooked in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Purpose

To investigate the distribution and frequency of demyelinating lesions affecting white matter connections of the limbic system based on localization with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) color maps compared to three-dimensional T2-weighted (T2W) and FLAIR volumes in MS patients.

Material and Methods

One hundred and fifty patients with a known diagnosis of MS were identified for this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability (HIPAA)-compliant retrospective cross-sectional study. DTI-derived FA color maps, co-registered to T2W and FLAIR images, were analyzed for lesions affecting the three white matter tracts of the limbic system including cingulum, fornix, and mammilothalamic tracts by two investigators. The approximate location of the lesions on FLAIR was always confirmed on the co-registered DTI-derived FA color maps.

Results

Of the 150 patients analyzed, 14.6% had cingulum lesions, 2.6% had fornix lesions, and 2.6% had mammilothalamic tract lesions; 21.3% of patients had at least one of the three tracts affected.

Conclusion

A relatively high frequency of lesions involving the limbic tracts may explain memory deficits and emotional dysfunction commonly experienced by patients with MS. The combined information from T2W, FLAIR, and DTI-derived FA color map allowed for more accurate localization of lesions affecting the major white matter tracts of the limbic system.
Effect of fiber treatment on thermal properties and crystallization of sisal fiber reinforced polylactide composites
Authors: Ye Chaolin , Ma Guozhen , Fu Wuchang , Wu Hongwu
Published: April 2015

Low-polymerization degree polylactide was grafted onto sisal fiber surface on the basis of the principle of lactide coordinative ring-opening polymerization. The effects of surface treatment on the thermal properties of sisal fibers were investigated. Sisal fiber reinforced polylactide composites were prepared by melt blending, and the impacts of surface treatment and annealing treatment on thermal properties and crystallization of the composites were studied. Results demonstrated that thermal stability of composites decreased with the addition of sisal fibers, among which lactide-grafted sisal fiber reinforced polylactide (PLA/SF-g-LA) composites decreased the most. The crystallinity of composites increased with the addition of sisal fibers compared with neat polylactide. Transcrystallinity appeared in PLA around the sisal fibers with the addition of sisal fibers. The glass transition temperature, crystallinity and crystal perfection of neat polylactide and composites were improved with annealing treatment.
Intelligent Use of Intelligence Tests
Authors: Miller Jessie L. , Weiss Lawrence G. , Beal A. Lynne , Saklofske Donald H. , Zhu Jianjun , Holdnack James A.
Published: April 2015

It is well established that Canadians produce higher raw scores than their U.S. counterparts on intellectual assessments. As a result of these differences in ability along with smaller variability in the population’s intellectual performance, Canadian normative data will yield lower standard scores for most raw score points compared to U.S. norms. Two recent studies have questioned the utility of the WAIS–IV Canadian norms based on the performance of a mixed clinical sample of post-secondary students. These studies suggest that a greater proportion of cases from their mixed clinical samples fall below a full-scale IQ of 85 using the WAIS–IV Canadian norms than should be “expected.” The purpose of the current study is threefold: First, to summarize the consistent finding of Canada–U.S. differences on measures of ability and present new empirical analyses to demonstrate these results are not due to a smaller sample size for Canadian norms. Second, and most importantly, matched sample comparisons demonstrate that the proportion of low scoring individuals (FSIQ < 85) in mixed clinical samples is consistent with the rates published by recent studies, and not greater than expected. Third, we offer evidence-based advice to clinicians practicing in Canada on the appropriate use of Canadian norms for Canadian clients during an individual assessment of intellectual functioning.
Examining Longitudinal Relationships Between Dysfunctional Career Thoughts and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy in School-to-Work Transition
Authors: Kim Boyoung , Lee Bo Hyun , Ha Gyuyoung , Lee Hong Kwon , Lee Sang Min
Published: April 2015

This study examines the role of dysfunctional career thoughts between two-wave longitudinal data (Time 1 and Time 2) in career decision-making self-efficacy during school-to-work transition periods. Career decision-making self-efficacy was measured before (Time 1) and after college graduation (Time 2). The results indicated that the growth of dysfunctional career thoughts during school-to-work transition periods negatively mediated the two time points (Time 1 and Time 2) of career decision-making self-efficacy. This study also examines the moderation effect of planned happenstance career skills, which refers the individuals’ skills in generating learning experiences during unexpected events on the relationship between dysfunctional career thoughts and career decision-making self-efficacy. College students’ career decision self-efficacy (Time 1) appeared to weaken individual’s career decision self-efficacy after college graduation (Time 2) via dysfunctional career thoughts when students were less likely to have developed planned happenstance career skills in order to discover unexpected career opportunities during school-to-work transition periods.
Advanced die-level assembly techniques and quality analysis for phase-only liquid crystal on silicon devices
Authors: Zhang Zichen , Pivnenko Mike , Medina-Salazar Ivonne , You Zheng , Chu Daping
Published: April 2015

In this article, quality analysis of the assembled phase-only liquid crystal on silicon devices is presented based on experiences using the flexibility and scalability of die-level assembly process. The research contents mainly consist of quality control and optimisation of liquid crystal filling process and device overall quality assessment including the thickness uniformity of liquid crystal layer with post-assembly inspection. To summarise, pre-production prototype phase-only liquid crystal on silicon devices with high quality has been developed in high reproducibility using a die-level assembly process, the robust glue deposition is performed, liquid crystal filling process in isotropic phase is presented and thickness variation can be controlled in the range of λ/4.
Experimental study of the weld microstructure properties in assembling of natural gas transmission pipelines
Authors: Sabokrouh M , Hashemi SH , Farahani MR
Published: April 2015

The coexistence of high levels of strength and toughness is necessary for the microalloyed steels used in natural gas pipelines. The welding thermal cycle can significantly change the microstructures and therefore the mechanical properties of the girth welded pipelines. Thus, the experimental investigation on the welded material properties is required for assessing the structural integrity of the pipelines. In this article, the metallurgical characteristics of the multi-pass girth welds on API X70 steel pipes with 56 in outside diameter and 0.780 in wall thickness were determined for the first time using chemical analysis and standard metallography. The chemical analysis showed different chemical compositions in different weld passes. The amount of carbon in the weldment increased in comparison with the base metal, although the microalloy elements in the weld gap decreased by increasing the pass number. The metallographic investigation by optical microscope demonstrated the different microstructures in different sub-zones of the welded joint. The images obtained from scanning electron microscope also presented the dendritic and acicular structures in the root and cap passes, respectively. The observed hard phases in the weldment, such as martensite, had direct effects on the mechanical properties of the weldment and heat-affected zone.
Research on the torque transmissibility of the passive torsional vibration isolator in an automotive clutch damper
Authors: Kim Gi-Woo , Shin Soon-Chul
Published: April 2015

The input torque vibrations (i.e. the fluctuations or ripples) induced by internal-combustion engines is a significant source of noise, vibration and harshness issues, which cause problems in automotive powertrains. This is because the torque vibrations are primarily transmitted to the input shaft of automotive transmissions (e.g. automatic transmissions) when the lock-up clutch is closed. Hence, a passive torsional vibration isolator with helical springs is generally inserted between the engine and the transmission to isolate the input vibratory energy. Although a passive isolator is used to resolve the noise, vibration and harshness issues because it generally exhibits frequencies with a very low transmissibility, the primary performance of the isolator is evaluated using only the static torsional spring characteristics and the measurement of the angular velocity or the angular acceleration. In this study, a low-inertia dynamometer incorporating state-of-the-art torque-sensing technology was used to evaluate experimentally the torque transmissibility of a torsional vibration isolator as a primary dynamic performance index for the first time.
l-Theanine prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via inhibition of nuclear factor κB and down-regulation of transforming growth factor β and connective tissue growth factor
Authors: Pérez-Vargas JE , Zarco N , Vergara P , Shibayama M , Segovia J , Tsutsumi V , Muriel P
Published: April 2015

Here we evaluated the ability of l-theanine in preventing experimental hepatic cirrhosis and investigated the roles of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation as well as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulation. Experimental hepatic cirrhosis was established by the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to rats (0.4 g/kg, intraperitoneally, three times per week, for 8 weeks), and at the same time, adding l-theanine (8.0 mg/kg) to the drinking water. Rats had ad libitum access to water and food throughout the treatment period. CCl4 treatment promoted NF-κB activation and increased the expression of both TGF-β and CTGF. CCl4 increased the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and the degree of lipid peroxidation, and it also induced a decrease in the glutathione and glutathione disulfide ratio. l-Theanine prevented increased expression of NF-κB and down-regulated the pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) and profibrotic (TGF-β and CTGF) cytokines. Furthermore, the levels of messenger RNA encoding these proteins decreased in agreement with the expression levels. l-Theanine promoted the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the fibrolytic enzyme metalloproteinase-13. Liver hydroxyproline contents and histopathological analysis demonstrated the anti-fibrotic effect of l-theanine. In conclusion, l-theanine prevents CCl4-induced experimental hepatic cirrhosis in rats by blocking the main pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic signals.
Trusting the other or taking a chance? An investigation of chance and trust temporalities
Authors: Frederiksen Morten , Heinskou Marie Bruvik
Published: April 2015

Theories of modernity and risk society argue that increasing levels of risk fundamentally alter or lower the level of trust in society. In this article we argue that this assumption is based in a fallacious theoretical link between trust and risk. Rather than calculative assessment of risk and specific events, trust directs anticipation towards process. First, we outline dominant approaches to trust as a question of actions and uncertainty of outcomes, arguing that these approaches treat trust and chance as interchangeable, conflating the different socio-temporalities within which risk and trust, respectively, reside. Secondly, the issue of temporality is traced in Luhmann’s work on trust and it is demonstrated how his dichotomous treatment of social time conflates markedly different temporal experiences. As a solution to this, the article presents the notion of a third temporal mode of the process present from Deleuze's concept of becoming. This is theoretically reconnected to the process present to trust theory, arguing that the uncertainty trust deals with, is connected to process experience rather than expectations of the future. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and empirical consequences of a socio-temporal distinction between trust and chance, and argue that trusting is an epistemological slip and space of non-reflexivity, that transform time to process.
The drug dispositif: Ambivalent materiality and the addiction of the global drug prohibition regime
Authors: Herschinger Eva
Published: April 2015

International relations and critical security studies are increasingly including the role of materiality in the study of security practices, inquiring into how objects act as both threat and /or endangered referent. However, objects of ‘dual-use’ – that is, objects that are not only threatening or in need of protection but also beneficial or pleasurable to the human collective – figure less prominently. Drugs are such an ambivalent matter: beneficial in the context of medicine and at the same time threatening in the context of crime. Mobilizing the concept of the dispositif, this article questions how drugs and addiction materialize in the practices of the global drug prohibition regime. I argue that the ambivalence of the material object ‘drug’ is the condition of possibility of the regime. The regime as an epitome of the ‘drug dispositif’ illustrates how ambivalent objects give rise to expanding security practices and specific power relations, highlighting how (critical) security analyses could profit from greater awareness of ambivalent matters.
The English School: A neglected approach to International Security Studies
Authors: Buzan Barry
Published: April 2015

The terms ‘English School’ (ES) and ‘international security’ seldom appear in the same sentence. Yet the ES can and should constitute a general approach to International Security Studies (ISS) comparable to realism, liberalism, constructivism and several other approaches to International relations (IR). The article begins by sketching out how the ES’s idea of raison de système provides a general framing for ISS that counterpoints approaches focused on raison d’état. It then shows how the ES’s societal approach provides specific insights that could strengthen analysis of international security: by providing a normative framing for securitization; by showing the historical variability of key ISS concepts such as war, balance of power and human rights; by adding an inside/outside dimension to security relations based on differentiations within international society; and by complementing regional approaches to international security with its societal approach. The article aims to initiate a conversation between the ES and ISS by showing where the fruitful links are, and by introducing the relevant ES literature to ISS scholars.