bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Input/Output models for freight transport demand: a macro approach to traffic analysis for a freight corridor
Authors: Pompigna Andrea , Mauro Raffaele
Published: July 2020

Input Output model are of great interest in the transport sector, especially regarding freight transport demand. These models allow to analyze the cross effects of: political, macroeconomic and transport changes; industrial dynamics; exchange flows between different sites within a reference area, more or less divided into sub-areas. Although very interesting and desirable to be used and disseminated, their use is often hindered by the complexity of the modelling structures that need to describe the interactions with the transport systems and by the difficulty of finding complete and reliable data. In this context, this paper deals with a macro-level Input Output approach for freight demand analysis, which directly relates the quantities of goods transported along a multimodal corridor to the functioning of the economic system. The proposed model is structured on two levels: the first level allows the sectoral production forecasts of the entire economic system based on the exogenous final demand; the second allows the forecast of tons transported, annually and by sector, along the corridor based on the sectoral production estimated at the first level. The two modelling levels are applied to the analysis and forecast of freight traffic demand along the Italian-Austrian cross-border stretch of the Brenner corridor, a fundamental axis of the European transport infrastructure network. The model has been verified and validated on data covering 15 years between 2000 and 2014 using the reclassified time series of Input Output tables and the international trade data for Italy. The model has been used to produce medium-long term forecasts for different economic scenarios. The macro-level point of view and the application for the corridor provide a simple and directly applicable model compared to the complex articulations that characterize the Input Output applications to the transport systems, which can hinder their concrete use as decision support in the planning of transport infrastructures.
Influence of the new investment task implementation on the certificated control-command and signaling subsystem
Authors: Gradowski Paweł , Kycko Magdalena
Published: July 2020

In the era of the dynamic development of rail transport caused by the implementation of many railway projects, some problems related to the implementation of railway investments are beginning to be noticed, which refer to obtaining a permit for placing in service of structural subsystems.
Most of the investments are co-financed from EU funds, and their main goal is to increase speed on railway lines with the same or improved safety level. In addition to the modernization of railway lines with accompanying infrastructure, devices and power grids or railway traffic control devices, railway lines are equipped with trackside ERTMS / ETCS systems. All modernized railway lines are subject to a certification process following European and national law. Concerning lines equipped with ERTMS / ETCS systems, which have already been certified and accepted to operation, some actions are taken to improve the operational performance of the railway infrastructure. For this reason, it is necessary to assess the impact of investments on ERTMS / ETCS systems already installed, which have a valid EC verification certificate and have received or expect an authorization for placing in service issued by the Office of Rail Transport.
Selfdetermination in philosophy and factical life. Some considerations about an early Heidegger lecture
Authors: Abalo Francisco
Published: July 2020

The main focus of this article is the methodological problem of the selfdetermination of the philosophy according to the phenomenological analysis carried out by Heidegger in one of the lectures of his early period (the so called Früh Freiburger Vorlesungen). The general frame of the current paper implies a hermeneutical thesis according to which the relevance of the well-known “factical life” is not solely thematic but mainly methodological. This function explains why these “phenomenological exercises” are some sort of genetical enquiries. In consequence, the specific aim of this article is, on the one hand, to show that the problem of the selfdetermination of the philosophy is the document of the more basic problem of the possibility of access to the intentional structures as such. On the other hand, this implies that the facticity as the primary horizon of comprehension constitutes in deed a redrawing of the intentional structure, in such a way that it is avoided the paradoxical consequences of the reflexive-intuitive model of access to one self and makes a relevant issue to the philosophy the problematic character of the intentionality itself.
What Researchers are Currently Saying about Ontologies: A Review of Recent Web of Science Articles
Authors: Machado Luís Miguel Oliveira , Almeida Maurício Barcellos , Souza Renato Rocha
Published: July 2020

Traditionally connected to philosophy, the term ontology is increasingly related to information systems areas. Some researchers consider the approaches of the two disciplinary contexts to be completely different. Others consider that, although different, they should talk to each other, as both seek to answer similar questions. With the extensive literature on this topic, we intend to contribute to the understanding of the use of the term ontology in current research and which references support this use. An exploratory study was developed with a mixed methodology and a sample collected from the Web of Science of articles published in 2018. The results show the current prevalence of computer science in studies related to ontology and also of Gruber's view suggesting ontology as kind of conceptualization, a dominant view in that field. Some researchers, particularly in the field of biomedicine, do not adhere to this dominant view but to another one that seems closer to ontological study in the philosophical context. The term ontology, in the context of information systems, appears to be consolidating with a meaning different from the original, presenting traces of the process of “metaphorization” in the transfer of the term between the two fields of study.
Community Health Nursing – Pflege in der Primärversorgung
Authors: Budroni Helmut , Daugardt Katja , Ohms Raphael
Published: July 2020

Seit mindestens drei Jahrzehnten sind international und in Deutschland Bemühungen zur Neugestaltung der Primärversorgung zu verzeichnen. Eine Möglichkeit hierzu ist eine Umverteilung von Aufgaben der Gesundheitsversorgung und die Etablierung eines für Deutschland neuen Berufsbildes, das der Community Health Nurse. In dem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, dass dieses Berufsbild bereits in anderen Ländern längst zur Versorgungsrealität gehört und es werden Voraussetzungen für eine Umsetzung in Deutschland beschrieben.
The Real Western War of Religion
Authors: Grasso Kenneth L. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2020

Steven D. Smith’s Pagans and Christians in the City takes its place alongside James Davison Hunter’s Culture Wars as one of the two truly indispensable books on today’s Culture Wars. It advances our understanding of today’s conflict by situating it historically and focusing our attention on its religious dimension. Smith argues that today’s conflict is the latest episode in a longstanding conflict between immanent forms of religiosity which locate the sacred in the world of space and time, and transcendent forms of religiosity which locate the divine beyond space and time. As compelling as it is, the volume’s argument would have been strengthened by a more sustained treatment of the nature of the political community and the essential role played within it by the truths held in common by the members concerning God, man, nature, and history.
When Culture Is Challenged by Art
Authors: Koloze Jeff ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2020

This paper examines three paintings by T. Gerhardt Smith as pro-life responses to the life issues of abortion, infanticide, and euthanasia: Sorrow Without Tears: Post-Abortion Syndrome, Femicidal National Organization Woman’s Planned Parentless Selfish Movement, and Killer Caduceus. After identifying foundational principles of art aesthetics from a Catholic perspective, the paper determines that Smith’s paintings are consistent with ideas enunciated in St. John Paul II’s Letter to Artists (1999).
Saint John Paul II on Conscience and Truth
Authors: Woodard Randall ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2020

Two areas of moral theology where many misunderstand Catholic teaching and find themselves deviating from traditional moral norms are conscience and truth. Many find conscience to be a means through which one can reshape ethical judgments, and truth to be derived from one’s own conscience. The model for an authentic understanding of conscience and the reality of universal moral norms is found in the writings and preaching of Saint John Paul II. This essay offers an overview of conscience and truth according to the Pope, and thereby give readers some idea of how a defense of conscience and truth can be made against contemporary challenges.
Behavioral Economical Ethics
Authors: Nass Elmar ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2020

Catholic social ethics with its understanding of humanity challenges social and economic science models to uncover the underlying image of man and thus the underlying idea of ethics. It can take on a pioneering role in areas lacking such discussions so far. This is why I question the understanding of the fundamental cohesiveness of ethical and economical thinking that is challenged by behavioral economics. The article seeks to spark the discussion, outlining several essential behavioral-economic challenges in the process. The encounter with Catholic Social Doctrine identifies areas of conflict and opens a new chapter on the ethics of Behavioral Economics.
Russian geopolitical studies through the prism of bibliometry
Authors: Silnichaya A.V. , Gumenyuk L.G.
Published: July 2020

The article presents the results of a study of publications by Russian authors on geopolitical issues, indexed in the Scopus scientometric database from 1991 to 2017. Since 2013, there has been an active growth in the research of Russian authors on the studied topics in international publications, which by 2017 already provided 10% of the entire array of publications. Particular emphasis is placed on the subject-territorial analysis of articles published in 2013-2017. The main topics of publications and geographical objects are identified, the most relevant and promising areas of geopolitical research in Russia are named. The analysis revealed plots and events for which there was an increase or decrease in research interest at different time periods in Russia and the world. The authors of the study also analyze the degree of international collaboration of Russian geopolitical authors and draw a conclusion about the correlation of publications written by international authors’ groups with their citation. The main research methods were subject-territorial and bibliometric analysis of publications of Russian authors on geopolitical issues, using SciVal tools.
La generatividad a través de la cultura. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Benito-Ballesteros Álvaro , De la Osa Subtil Iria
Published: July 2020

Esta revisión sistemática pretende resolver la controversia que existe en la relación entre generatividad y cultura, para así clarificar el modo de estudio generativo desde una perspectiva cultural en futuras investigaciones empí-ricas. Los artículos incluidos en la revisión, publicados entre 1990 y 2019, debían ser artículos científicos revisados por pares con contenido explícito acerca de am-bos términos. En la búsqueda se utilizaron cinco bases de datos combinando repo-sitorios multidisciplinares con bases especializadas, obteniendo un total de treinta artículos elegibles para esta revisión (n = 30). El análisis de los artículos se articu-la en cuatro categorías que aportan información acerca de diferentes dimensiones de la relación entre ambos conceptos: los límites de la generatividad cultural, com-paraciones transculturales de la estructura de la generatividad, efectos e interpre-taciones culturales de la generatividad y evidencias culturales de su aplicación y utilidad potencial. En conclusión, los aspectos más psicológicos que estructuran la generatividad son comunes interculturalmente, sin embargo, los motivos, la con-cepción y la interpretación del comportamiento generativo parecen variar intensa-mente de un tipo de cultura a otra.This systematic review aims to resolve the controversy that exists in the relationship between generativity and culture, in order to clarify the approach of generative study from a cultural perspective in future empirical research. The articles included in the review, published between 1990 and 2019, should be peer-reviewed scientific articles with explicit content about both terms. In the search, five databases were used combining multidisciplinary repositories with specialized databases, obtaining a total of thirty articles eligible for this review (n = 30). The analysis of the articles is divided into four categories that provide information about different dimensions of the relationship between both concepts: the limits of cultural generativity, cross-cultural comparisons of the structure of generativity, effects and cultural interpretations of generativity, and cultural evi­dences of its application and potential usefulness. In conclusion, the most psycho­logical aspects that structure generativity are common interculturally, however, the motives, conception and interpretation of generative behavior seem to vary in­tensely from one type of culture to another.
Recensión: Francisco Linares Martínez, Sociología y teoría social analíticas. La ciencia de las consecuencias inintencionadas de la acción, Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 2018 (270 págs.)
Authors: Gutiérrez Palacios Ramón Antonio
Published: July 2020

-
(Im)perfect celebrations by intergenerational hostesses
Authors: Cortés Vieco Francisco José
Published: July 2020

Katherine Mansfield and Virginia Woolf nourished a peculiar stream of parallel foreignness and kinship with each other as coetaneous writers. This article explores the likenesses and dialogues between Mansfield’s story “The Garden Party” and Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway to detect and depict how bourgeois women, like Laura Sheridan and Clarissa Dalloway, albeit from two different generations, are indoctrinated by social etiquette, class consciousness and the prevailing archetype of domestic femininity inherited from Victorian times. Integrated into their compulsory roles as angelic daughters and wives, Laura and Clarissa gladly perform the role of the hostess to organise (im)perfect parties at home until death knocks at the door. Paradoxically that uninvited guest precipitates escapades of self-discovery and mental emancipation, leading to transient or enduring transformations in the lives of these two women.
Diseño de una propuesta didáctica para el uso de simuladores virtuales en la rama sanitaria de Formación Profesional
Authors: Romero Lopez Daniel , De Benito Crosetti Bárbara
Published: July 2020

En este artículo se presenta el diseño, desarrollo y validación de una propuesta didáctica basada en el uso de simuladores virtuales, con la que se pretende conseguir una mejora en la preparación práctica del alumnado, llevada a cabo en un ciclo de Formación Profesional (FP) del ámbito sanitario. Las posibilidades de trabajar experiencias prácticas son escasas durante la formación del alumnado en los centros de Formación Profesional, debido a la carencia de espacios y oportunidades, algo fundamental para la preparación del periodo final de prácticas en los centros sanitarios. Para ello se utiliza un simulador virtual en el módulo de Tomografía Computarizada, permitiendo poner en práctica los conocimientos teóricos que van adquiriendo los alumnos durante su formación. Los resultados obtenidos permiten apreciar las ventajas de la simulación como medio de aprendizaje en la enseñanza relacionada con el ámbito clínico.

This article presents the design, development and validation of a didactic proposal based on the use of virtual simulators, with the intention of achieving an improvement in the practical preparation of students, carried out in a cycle of Vocational Training in the health field. The possibilities of working with practical experiences are scarce during the training of students in vocational training centers, due to the lack of spaces and opportunities, which is fundamental for the preparation of the final period of internships in health centers. For this reason, a virtual simulator is used in the Computerized Tomography module, allowing to put into practice the theoretical knowledge that students acquire during their training. The results obtained allow us to appreciate the advantages of simulation as a learning tool in teaching related to the clinical field.
Análisis de la competencia digital docente del profesorado de colegios rurales agrupado de la provincia de Albacete
Authors: Ruiz Ruiz Maria Del Pilar
Published: July 2020

La transmisión de la cultura digital es uno de los retos más destacados del actual sistema educativo. La Unión Europea se plantea a través de la Estrategia Europa 2020 mejorar la accesibilidad, el uso y la calidad de las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (TIC) en las zonas rurales. Para que ello sea posible, se precisan de recursos materiales y profesionales digitalmente competentes. En este estudio se pretende conocer la realidad que viven las escuelas rurales, de la provincia de Albacete, en lo que respecta a la calidad de la TIC, los recursos disponibles y las competencias digitales de sus docentes. Para ello, se ha empleado una metodología descriptiva y se ha utilizado el cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de información. Los resultados demuestran que las intenciones políticas no concuerdan con la realidad encontrada en nuestros datos. Las infraestructuras tecnológicas carecen de la calidad suficiente que posibiliten un acceso a internet de forma segura y eficaz. Por otro lado, los docentes que desempeñan su labor en estos centros hacen un uso limitado de las tecnologías en estas aulas, caracterizadas por ser multinivel, debido a la falta de formación en competencias digitales.

The transmission of digital culture is one of the most important challenges of the current education system. The European Union proposes, through the Europe 2020 Strategy, to improve the accessibility, use and quality of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in rural areas. For this to be possible, digitally competent material and professional resources are required. This study aims to know the reality of rural schools in the province of Albacete, in terms of the quality of ICT, the available resources and the digital skills of their teachers. For this, a descriptive methodology has been used and the questionnaire has been used as an information collection instrument. The results show that the political intentions do not match the reality found in our data. Technological infrastructures lack sufficient quality to enable internet access in a safe and efficient way. On the other hand, teachers who carry out their work in these centers make limited use of the technologies in these classrooms, characterized by being multilevel, due to the lack of training in digital skills.
Proposal to Improve Employability and Facilitate Entrepreneurship among Graduates of the Master’s Degree in Institutional Translation of the University of Alicante
Authors: Cuadrado-Rey Analía , Navarro-Brotons Lucía
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to describe the strategies included in our proposal to improve employability and facilitate entrepreneurship among graduates of the Master’s Degree in Institutional Translation. Firstly, this paper takes as a starting point the survey data collected by the Technical Unit for Quality Assessment (UTC) at the University of Alicante. This data shows the evaluation done by the graduates of the Master’s Degree in Institutional Translation on the competences preparing them for graduate labour market outcomes and entrepreneurship. Secondly, it explains the different curricular and extracurricular activities, as well as elective subjects, which are either being carried out at the moment or to be implemented in the future, so that students can develop the competences that the translator’s profession requires. The paper also mentions the role played by each institutional party involved in this collaborative action and proposes measures to consolidate and further develop the initiative.
“Are We a Bunch of Robin Hoods?”
Authors: Staple Benjamin
Published: July 2020

On the edge of the digital frontier, far from the oceans of their maritime namesakes, pirate communities flourish. Called outlaws and thieves, these file-sharers practice a vernacular tradition of digital piracy in the face of overwhelming state power. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Warez Scene cracking groups and the Kickass Torrents community, this article locates piracy discourse as a site of contested identity. For file-sharers who embrace it, the pirate identity is a discursively-constructed composite that enables users to draw upon (and create) outlaw folk hero traditions to express themselves and affect small-scale change in the world around them. This article argues that pirate culture is more nuanced than popularly depicted and that, through traditional practice, piracy is a vernacular performance of resistance.
Creating Something out of Nothing
Authors: Thorne Cory W.
Published: July 2020

While pervasive through much of Cuban society, underground economies take on special significance within the LGBTQI+ community. Not only must we engage in deep contextualization and seek vernacular theorization within everyday life, but we must also consider queer timelines – queer temporalities as part of any analysis while simultaneously abandoning Global North identity categories as they relate to Global South performances. This essay is part of a larger project – a critical queer ethnography of Cuban everyday life – however with a focus on the negotiations of ethics, relationships, and community as a means of survival for individuals who are largely invisible to broader society. Though erased, ignored, and hidden, these individuals share universal characteristics which we must not exoticize in relation to our own experiences: food, sex, and housing are fundamental elements to life, regardless of privilege or legality.
Types of rationality and the genesis of science: comparative analysis of two worldview systems
Authors: Umylina Diana
Published: July 2020

This article examines an aspect of “Needham’s Question” related to the specificity of scientific rationality formed within the framework of new-European worldview. The research is dedicated to the comparative analysis of New-European and Chinese types of rationality. Based on studying the specificity of the dominant cultural paradigms, the author highlights and describes the features of Chinese and European worldview systems. Characteristic is given to Chinese and New-European rationality with emphasis on their essential differences, although they have some external similarities. The goal of this work consists in revelation of characteristic qualities of the European and Chinese worldview systems that predetermined the essential peculiarities of the types of rationality established in terms of these civilizations and influences the process of scientific development. The scientific novelty consists in examination of worldview components of New-European and Chinese as the particular manifestations of different types of rationality. The conclusion is made that structural elements of the two worldviews led to formation of various types of rationality. Among the fundamental differences are the discrepancies in understanding the concept of the “law of nature”, representations on uniformity of laws of the world, ontological status of a human being, purposes of cognition of the world and character of cognitive activity. The author underlines the practical nature of European rationality and mainly ethical nature of Chinese rationality. In order to explain the genesis of science, along with identification of the rationalizing component of worldview, it is necessary to clarify the nature of that rationality.
An inverse backward problem for degenerate two-dimensional parabolic equation
Authors: Atifi Khalid , Essoufi El-Hassan , Khouiti Bouchra
Published: July 2020

This paper deals with the determination of an initial condition in the degenerate two-dimensional parabolic equation \[\partial_{t}u-\mathrm{div}\left(a(x,y)I_2\nabla u\right)=f,\quad (x,y)\in\Omega,\; t\in(0,T),\] where \(\Omega\) is an open, bounded subset of \(\mathbb{R}^2\), \(a \in C^1(\bar{\Omega})\) with \(a\geqslant 0\) everywhere, and \(f\in L^{2}(\Omega \times (0,T))\), with initial and boundary conditions \[u(x,y,0)=u_0(x,y), \quad u\mid_{\partial\Omega}=0,\] from final observations. This inverse problem is formulated as a minimization problem using the output least squares approach with the Tikhonov regularization. To show the convergence of the descent method, we prove the Lipschitz continuity of the gradient of the Tikhonov functional. Also we present some numerical experiments to show the performance and stability of the proposed approach.
Cell lineage-dependent chiral actomyosin flows drive cellular rearrangements in early Caenorhabditis elegans development
Authors: Pimpale Lokesh G , Middelkoop Teije C , Mietke Alexander , Grill Stephan W
Published: July 2020

Proper positioning of cells is essential for many aspects of development. Daughter cell positions can be specified via orienting the cell division axis during cytokinesis. Rotatory actomyosin flows during division have been implied in specifying and reorienting the cell division axis, but how general such reorientation events are, and how they are controlled, remains unclear. We followed the first nine divisions ofCaenorhabditis elegansembryo development and demonstrate that chiral counter-rotating flows arise systematically in early AB lineage, but not in early P/EMS lineage cell divisions. Combining our experiments with thin film active chiral fluid theory we identify a mechanism by which chiral counter-rotating actomyosin flows arise in the AB lineage only, and show that they drive lineage-specific spindle skew and cell reorientation events. In conclusion, our work sheds light on the physical processes that underlie chiral morphogenesis in early development.
La elección de 2017 y el fraccionamiento del sistema de partidos en Chile
Authors: Bunker Kenneth
Published: July 2020

El propósito de este artículo es reportar los resultados de la elección presidencial y legislativa de Chile en 2017 y explorar su efecto sobre el sistema de partidos. Relata el contexto, y sugiere que hubo tres temas recurrentes que definieron tanto la nominación de los candidatos como el tono de la campaña: una importante polarización política, dos grandes escándalos de corrupción y el debut de un nuevo sistema electoral. Presenta a los candidatos presidenciales y sus principales bases de apoyo. Describe los puntos medulares de la elección y las principales estrategias electorales. Repasa los resultados de la elección, los analiza y los interpreta. Destaca el inédito fraccionamiento en el sistema de partidos provocado por el contexto político e institucional de los últimos años. Sugiere que a partir de 2018 el sistema de partidos está en uno de sus niveles más fragmentados de su historia. Especula que hacia delante los próximos gobiernos serán más flexibles que los anteriores y buscarán pasar legislación sobre la base de negociaciones y pactos multilaterales.
Knowledge and security of university members of the biological sciences and health area on first aid
Authors: Zanesco Camila , Galvan Jessica , Galvão Natália , Bordin Danielle , Fadel Cristina Berger
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento sobre primeiros socorros de estudantes da área de ciências biológicas e da saúde de uma universidade pública brasileira. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, tendo como população-alvo a totalidade de formandos dos cursos de graduação da área de ciências biológicas e da saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior(n= 219). Resultados: Do total de acadêmicos concluintes,146 (67%) responderam o questionário, constatou-se que dos oito cursos, dois não possuíam abordagens relacionadas à temática de primeiros socorros. Apenas 17,1% dos estudantes se avaliam preparados para atuarem frente a algumas situações. Conclusão: O número de graduandos em áreas relacionadas a saúde despreparados para agir frente a situações emergenciais frequentes no cotidiano foi expressivo, constituindo-se como insegurança para a sociedade em geral, e questionamento quanto as ofertas de ensino
Experience of women in labor with the use of flowers essences
Authors: Lara Sonia Regina Godinho de , Magaton Anna Paula Silva , Cesar Mônica Bimbatti Nogueira , Gabrielloni Maria Cristina , Barbieri Márcia
Published: July 2020

OBJETIVO: O estudo descreve a vivencia de mulheres submetidas ao uso de essências florais como terapia não farmacológica para o alivio da dor e ansiedade durante o trabalho de parto. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa descritiva exploratória, de conteúdo qualitativo, realizada com 30 parturientes, em um centro de parto normal público, intra-hospitalar da cidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que os efeitos da terapia floral, atuaram em sinergia, na redução dos sintomas de estresse-medo-tensão, além do aumento do bem-estar emocional proporcionando às parturientes a oportunidade de protagonizar o seu próprio trabalho de parto e parto. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o uso da essência floral, no trabalho de parto, proporcionou calma, relaxamento, concentração e coragem às mulheres, emoções estas que possibilitaram melhor controle da dor e da ansiedade.
A Multifunctional Blue‐Emitting Material Designed via Tuning Distribution of Hybridized Excited‐State for High‐Performance Blue and Host‐Sensitized OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhang Bing , Zhang Yiwen , Xu Zeng , Wu Haozhong , Yin Ping‐An , Wang Zhiming , Zhao Zujin , Ma Dongge , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2020

Actualizing full singlet exciton yield via a reverse intersystem crossing from the high‐lying triplet state to singlet state, namely, “hot exciton” mechanism, holds great potential for high‐performance fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, incorporating comprehensive insights into the mechanism and effective molecular design strategies still remains challenging. Herein, three blue emitters (CNNPI, 2TriPE‐CNNPI, and 2CzPh‐CNNPI) with a distinct local excited (LE) state and charge‐transfer (CT) state distributions in excited states are designed and synthesized. They show prominent hybridized local and charge‐transfer (HLCT) states and aggregation‐induced emission enhancement properties. The “hot exciton” mechanism based on these emitters reveals that a balanced LE/CT distribution can simultaneously boost photoluminescence efficiency and exciton utilization. In particular, a nearly 100% exciton utilization is achieved in the electroluminescence (EL) process of 2CzPh‐CNNPI. Moreover, employing 2CzPh‐CNNPI as the emitter, emissive dopant, and sensitizing host, respectively, the EL performances of the corresponding nondoped pure‐blue, doped deep‐blue, and HLCT‐sensitized fluorescent OLEDs are among the most efficient OLEDs with a “hot exciton” mechanism to date. These results could shed light on the design principles for “hot exciton” materials and inspire the development of next‐generation high‐performance OLEDs.
Biomimetic Molecule Catalysts to Promote the Conversion of Polysulfides for Advanced Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ding Xinwei , Yang Shuo , Zhou Suya , Zhan Yingxin , Lai Yuchong , Zhou Xuemei , Xu Xiangju , Nie Huagui , Huang Shaoming , Yang Zhi
Published: July 2020

To overcome the shuttle effect in Li–S batteries, novel biomimetic molecule catalysts are synthesized by grafting hemin molecules to three functionalized carbon nanotube systems (CNTs–COOH, CNTs–OH, and CNTs–NH2). The Li–S battery using the CNTs–COOH@hemin cathode exhibits the optimal initial specific capacity (1637.8 mAh g−1) and cycle durability (up to 1800 cycles). Various in situ characterization techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopy, combined with density functional theory computations are used to investigate the structure–reactivity correlation and the working mechanism in the Li–S system. It is demonstrated that the unique structure of the CNTs‐COOH@hemin composite with good conductivity and adequate active sites resulting from molecule catalyst as well as the strong absorption to polysulfides entrapped by the coordinated Fe(III) complex with FeO bond enables the homogeneous dispersion of S, facilitates the catalysis and conversion of polysulfides, and improves the battery's performance.
Heterogeneous Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Minhan , Wang Haifeng , Luo Wei , Sherrell Peter C. , Chen Jun , Yang Jianping
Published: July 2020

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is of great importance to tackle the rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The CO2RR can be driven by renewable energy sources, producing precious chemicals and fuels, with the implementation of this process largely relying on the development of low‐cost and efficient electrocatalysts. Recently, a range of heterogeneous and potentially low‐cost single‐atom catalysts (SACs) containing non‐precious metals coordinated to earth‐abundant elements have emerged as promising candidates for the CO2RR. Unfortunately, the real catalytically active centers and the key factors that govern the catalytic performance of these SACs remain ambiguous. Here, this ambiguity is addressed by developing a fundamental understanding of the CO2RR‐to‐CO process on SACs, as CO accounts for the major product from CO2RR on SACs. The reaction mechanism, the rate‐determining steps, and the key factors that control the activity and selectivity are analyzed from both experimental and theoretical studies. Then, the synthesis, characterization, and the CO2RR performance of SACs are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future pathways are highlighted in the hope of guiding the design of the SACs to promote and understand the CO2RR on SACs.
Tailoring Polymer Colloids Derived Porous Carbon Spheres Based on Specific Chemical Reactions
Authors: Wang Tao , Okejiri Francis , Qiao Zhen‐An , Dai Sheng
Published: July 2020

Porous carbon spheres derived from polymer colloids with regular geometry, monodispersed morphology, well‐controlled contents and structures play important roles in many areas of application, such as energy storage/conversion, gas adsorption/separation, catalysis, and chemo‐photothermal therapy. Suitable polymerization reaction and synthetic strategy are both critical for the obtainment of stable polymer colloids as carbon precursors. Basic polymerization reactions are the cornerstones of synthetic strategies, which directly provides the direct molecular‐based design of functionalized polymer/carbon spheres. Thus, this progress report mainly focuses on the summary of suitable polymerization reactions for colloidal polymer derived porous carbon spheres. Recent advances in the synthetic strategies and applications are also discussed, including their corresponding polymerization reactions. Finally, the perspectives for the development of polymer derived porous carbon spheres are provided based on the controlled synthesis of polymer colloids and optimization over the carbonization process to achieve highly functionalized carbon spheres for practical applications.
Oxygen‐Detecting Synaptic Device for Realization of Artificial Autonomic Nervous System for Maintaining Oxygen Homeostasis
Authors: Qian Chuan , Choi Yongsuk , Choi Young Jin , Kim Seongchan , Choi Yoon Young , Roe Dong Gue , Kang Moon Sung , Sun Jia , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: July 2020

Incorporation of various functions of a biological nervous system into electronic devices is an intriguing challenge in the realization of a human‐like recognition and response system. Emerging artificial synaptic devices capable of processing electronic signals through neuromorphic functions operate such biomimetic systems similarly to biological nervous systems. Here, an oxygen‐sensitive artificial synaptic device that simultaneously detects oxygen concentration and generates a synaptic signal is demonstrated. The device successfully achieves an interconversion between the excitatory and inhibitory modes of the synaptic current at various oxygen concentrations by virtue of an oxygen‐sensitive trilayered organic double heterojunction. The oxygen‐induced traps in the organic layer modulate the majority charge carrier from holes to electrons, and this modulation induces an interconversion between the excitatory and inhibitory modes according to the environmental oxygen condition. Finally, the proposed synaptic device is applied to the realization of a negative feedback system for regulation of oxygen homeostasis, which mimics the human autonomic nervous system. The oxygen‐sensitive synaptic device proposed in this study is expected to open up new possibilities for the development of a biomimetic neural system that can respond appropriately to various environmental changes.
Laser‐Induced Silicon Oxide for Anode‐Free Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Weiyin , Salvatierra Rodrigo V. , Ren Muqing , Chen Jinhang , Stanford Michael G. , Tour James M.
Published: July 2020

The development of a rechargeable Li metal anode (LMA) is an important milestone for improved battery technology. Practical issues hindering LMAs are the formation of Li dendrites and inactive Li during plating and stripping processes, which can cause short circuits, thermal runaway, and low coulombic efficiency (CE). Here, the use of a laser‐induced silicon oxide (LI‐SiOx) layer derived from a commercial adhesive tape to improve the reversibility of Li metal batteries (LMBs) is studied. The silicone‐based adhesive of the tape is converted by a commercial infrared laser into a homogeneous porous SiOx layer deposited directly over the current collector. The coating results in superior performance by suppressing the formation of Li dendrites and inactive Li and presenting higher average CE of 99.3% (2.0 mAh cm−2 at 2.0 mA cm−2) compared to bare electrodes. The thickness and morphology of the deposited Li is investigated, revealing a different mechanism of Li deposition on coated electrodes. The laser coating affords a method that is fast and avoids the use of toxic organic solvents and extensive drying times. The improved performance with the SiOx coating is demonstrated in LMB with a zero‐excess (“anode‐free”) configuration where a 100% improved performance is verified.
An Ultrahigh Energy Density Flexible Asymmetric Microsupercapacitor Based on Ti3C2Tx and PPy/MnO2 with Wide Voltage Window
Authors: Li Xingxing , Ma Yanan , Shen Peizhi , Zhang Chuankun , Cao Minglei , Xiao Shaojun , Yan Jinfeng , Luo Shijun , Gao Yihua
Published: July 2020

Ti3C2Tx MXene, as a new 2D material, with unique physical and chemical properties, is ideal for building high performance miniaturized electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the operating voltage window of Ti3C2Tx based microsupercapacitor (MSC) in symmetric structure is very narrow (≤0.6 V), which affects its practical application. Herein, a flexible asymmetric microsupercapacitor (AMSC) based on Ti3C2Tx//polypyrrole (PPy)/MnO2 is reported, where Ti3C2Tx is deposited on graphite paper (GP) by electrophoresis method as negative electrodes, MnO2 and PPy are electrochemically deposited on GP successively as positive electrodes, and polyvinyl alcohol/sulfuric acid (PVA/H2SO4) as the quasi‐solid electrolyte. This AMSC based on Ti3C2Tx//PPy/MnO2 operates at 1.2 V voltage window, which is two times wider than symmetric Ti3C2Tx based MSC. And its maximum areal capacitance and areal energy density can reach up to 61.5 mF cm−2 and 6.73 µWh cm−2 respectively. Moreover, three above AMSCs in series connection can turn on three lights after being charged. And the AMSC also shows high flexibility under mechanical bending level (bending angle with 0°–180°). The flexible AMSC based on Ti3C2Tx//PPy/MnO2 with ultrahigh energy density is a promising candidate for exploiting and fabricating next‐generation miniature integrated energy storage devices.
High‐Tc Enantiomeric Ferroelectrics Based on Homochiral Dabco‐derivatives (Dabco=1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)
Authors: Fu Da‐Wei , Gao Ji‐Xing , He Wen‐Hui , Huang Xue‐Qin , Liu Yu‐Hua , Ai Yong
Published: July 2020

1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco) and its derivatives have been extensively utilized as building units of excellent molecular ferroelectrics for decades. However, the homochiral dabco‐based ferroelectric remains a blank. Herein, by adding a methyl (Me) group accompanied by the introduction of homochirality to the [H2dabco]2+ in the non‐ferroelectric [H2dabco][TFSA]2 (TFSA=bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)ammonium), we successfully designed enantiomeric ferroelectrics [R and S‐2‐Me‐H2dabco][TFSA]2. The two enantiomers show two sequential phase transitions with transition temperature (Tc) as high as 405.8 K and 415.8 K, which is outstanding in both dabco‐based ferroelectrics and homochiral ferroelectrics. To our knowledge, [R and S‐2‐Me‐H2dabco][TFSA]2 are the first examples of dabco‐based homochiral ferroelectrics. This finding opens an avenue to construct dabco‐based homochiral ferroelectrics and will inspire the exploration of more eminent enantiomeric molecular ferroelectrics.
Engineering Platinum–Oxygen Dual Catalytic Sites via Charge Transfer towards Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lu Fei , Yi Ding , Liu Shoujie , Zhan Fei , Zhou Bo , Gu Lin , Golberg Dmitri , Wang Xi , Yao Jiannian
Published: July 2020

A dual‐site catalyst allows for a synergetic reaction in the close proximity to enhance catalysis. It is highly desirable to create dual‐site interfaces in single‐atom system to maximize the effect. Herein, we report a cation‐deficient electrostatic anchorage route to fabricate an atomically dispersed platinum–titania catalyst (Pt1O1/Ti1−xO2), which shows greatly enhanced hydrogen evolution activity, surpassing that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst in mass by a factor of 53.2. Operando techniques and density functional calculations reveal that Pt1O1/Ti1−xO2 experiences a Pt−O dual‐site catalytic pathway, where the inherent charge transfer within the dual sites encourages the jointly coupling protons and plays the key role during the Volmer–Tafel process. There is almost no decay in the activity of Pt1O1/Ti1−xO2 over 300 000 cycles, meaning 30 times of enhancement in stability compared to the commercial Pt/C catalysts (10 000 cycles).
Formyl MIDA Boronate: C1 Building Block Enables Straightforward Access to α‐Functionalized Organoboron Derivatives
Authors: Ivon Yevhen M. , Mazurenko Ivan V. , Kuchkovska Yuliya O. , Voitenko Zoya V. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: July 2020

Formyl MIDA boronate has been known to be an elusive type of acylboronate that has not been obtained to date. In this work, an approach to the one‐pot preparation and chemical transformations of formyl MIDA boronate were developed to provide new types of α‐functionalized organoboron compounds. Among them are acylboronate reagents which present boron‐substituted analogues of ynones and β‐dicarbonyl compounds. The developed synthetic procedures, utilizing formyl MIDA boronate, are tolerant to diverse functional groups, making this reagent an advantageous C1 building block for extending the scope of organoboron chemistry.
Boehmite@SiO2@ Tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane‐Cu(I): a novel, highly efficient and reusable nanocatalyst for the C‐C bond formation and the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles in green media
Authors: Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Aghavandi Hamid , Mohammadi Masoud
Published: July 2020

In this work, a versatile protocol was introduced for the preparation of a new Cu(I) supported complex on Silica supported boehmite nanoparticles (Boehmite@SiO2@Tris‐Cu(I)). The structure of the catalyst was comprehensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐Ray Diffractometer (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP), X‐ray mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The catalytic activity of this catalyst was studied in the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction and synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazole derivatives in ethanol and PEG‐400 respectively as green solvents. In this sense, simple preparation of the catalyst from the commercially available materials, high catalytic activity, simple operation, short reaction times, high yields and use of green solvent are some advantages of this protocol. Finally, it is worth mentioning that this nanocatalyst was easily recovered, and reused for several times without significant loss of its catalytic efficiency. In addition, stability of the catalyst after recycling was confirmed by FT‐IR technique.
Motivations and impacts of sustainability reporting in the Indo‐Pacific region: Normative and instrumental stakeholder approaches
Authors: Qian Wei , Tilt Carol , Dissanayake Dinithi , Kuruppu Sanjaya
Published: July 2020

Despite the elusive debate on different stakeholder approaches to sustainability reporting in the developed world, few studies have so far explored stakeholder influences on management perceptions of the motivations for and the impact of sustainability reporting in the developing country contexts. Using a survey questionnaire complemented by a series of interviews with business managers in five countries in the Indo‐Pacific region, this study investigates the motivations and impacts of the rapidly growing sustainability reporting practice in this emerging area. The study finds that corporate sustainability reporting in the Indo‐Pacific region is generally driven more by normative and regulatory stakeholder pressures than by economic considerations, especially for larger companies and companies with more overseas presence. However, in terms of the perceived impacts of sustainability reporting, economic benefits feature more prominently in both survey and interview data. It appears that companies believe they receive a win–win outcome by “doing good,” although their “doing good” is more from a normative and regulatory call than from a belief in business cases.
What If the Middle Is More Than a Way Up?
Authors: McNair Delores E. , Perry Kimberly
Published: July 2020

We propose that midlevel leaders are the hub of the organizational wheel who possess unique skills that can transform organizations. We conclude that midlevel leaders need to be supported in their current roles rather than inadvertently pushed out of them.