bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRAKTIK PENGUNGKAPAN ASPEK TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN DALAM LAPORAN TAHUNAN DAN RELEVANSINYA BAGI INVESTOR (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN PUBLIK SEKTOR MANUFAKTUR)
Authors: Utami Wiwik
Published: March 2022

The objectives of this research are to find out empirical evidence of (1) the value disclosures rank of the corporate governance disclosures to investor’s decisions, and (2) the impact of corporate governance disclosures on stocks price and stock transactions.The population of this study was listed companies in the manufacturing sector at the Jakarta Stock Exchange, and the sample was determined based on the following criteria: (a) the annual report ended 31 December, and (b) book value of equity is positive. There werw 92 companies meeting the criteria. Data analysis was carried out in terms of pool cross-section covering annual report during 2001-2002. Corporate governance disclosures were measured by score based on investment manager opinion. The stock price and the transaction volume were measured based on average price and volume for three days observation. The research hypothesis were tested using multi regression with earnings per share and book value per share as control variables.The results of this research show that (1) disclosures of non financial performance and the background of independence commissioner and directors are the most relevance to investor’s decisions, (2) disclosures of corporate governance have significant impact on stock price and stock transactions.
PRAKTEK SAMPLING AUDITOR DALAM PELAKSANAAN AUDIT
Authors: Tarigan Rasin , Satyanugraha Heru
Published: March 2022

This study examines audit sampling practices by Indonesian auditors. Data for the study were collected from 105 auditors from public accounting firms in Jakarta. Analysis was done quantitatively to reveal that auditors do sampling in doing audit. Results also show that statistical sampling methods are used more often than non-statistical sampling methods. In using statistical sampling, simple random sampling is the technique used most often, while haphazard sampling is the technique used most often for the non-statistical sampling method. Most auditors received training of sampling while they are at college as well as while working. Auditors normally take precaution to manage bias while using non-statistical method.
REDUCING THE RISK OF WELL INTEGRITY INCIDENT BY INTEGRATING TOPSIS AND AHP MULTICRITERIA DECISION-MAKING ANALYSIS
Authors: Wardana Ragil Sudira , Siallagan Manahan , Wardana Raka Sudira
Published: March 2022

With current oil price downturn many oil wells become uneconomic. These uneconomic wells are left in an inactive state and become idle wells. Idle well is an environmental liability due to its risk of well integrity problems. Impacted by the downturn, the number of idle wells in the industry has been increasing in the industry. One of the solutions to mitigate these liabilities is by conducting plug & abandonment (P&A) on high-risk idle wellss. This research develops a combined framework of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a risk assessment framework to prioritize high-risk idle wells for the P&A activity. In the assessment framework, surface condition, subsurface condition, and public exposure factors are taken as evaluation criteria to determine the risk level. The result of this research is 247 idle wells considered as high-risk wells and submitted as P&A candidates. The empirical result from this research can serve as a reference for oil companies in conducting a risk assessment on idle wells to design the proper activities to reduce environmental liabilities.
PEMANFAATAN BIODEMULSIFIER UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR AIR TERCAMPUR
Authors: Pramadika Havidh , Satiyawira Bayu , Rosyidan Cahaya , Darajat Zakiah
Published: March 2022

Emulsion is one of the problems that is often found in the petroleum production process which needs to be avoided because it can reduce the economic value of oil, the large water content in oil makes the selling price low, even if the water content of the oil is above the standard, the oil may not be accepted in the market. Therefore, this study will try to reduce the water content in the oil, while the formulation of the problem in this study is, knowing whether citric acid from lemon can be used as a demulsifier, knowing what concentration is the most optimal, and knowing whether citral acid from lemon is more optimal than in the NaCl and KCl demulsifier, increasing the concentration of 60% was proven to also increase separate water, where at a concentration of 30% citric acid was the highest to make water separate by 58% while increasing the concentration to 60% was also able to increase water separated by up to 92% minutes 1440 , from that experiment on do the concentration greatly affects the separate water and lemon citric acid can be used as a demulsifier.
PENGGUNAAN METODE MATERIAL BALANCE DALAM PENENTUAN ISI AWAL GAS DI TEMPAT PADA RESERVOIR ZX
Authors: Tapangan FX Krisna Putra , Lestari Lestari , Fattahanisa Aqlyna
Published: March 2022

Reservoir ZX merupakan reservoir gas basah ( wet gas reservoir ) yang diketahui jenisn reservoirnya melalui metode kualitatif dengan analisa komposisi hidrokarbon reservoir, karakteristik fluida reservoir dan data PVT. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan, analisa komposisi hidrokarbon mulai dari karbon C1 hingga C7+, data karakteristik fluida reservoir yaitu GLR, API, dan SG gas. Karena reservoir ZX adalah reservoir gas basah ( wet gas reservoir ), dilakukan pengkoreksian kumulatif dari gas yang diproduksi dari Gpdry menjadi Gpwet dengan metode vapor equivalent dengan nilai Veq didapatkan sebesar 1690.               Dalam penelitian, penentuan jenis tenaga dorong dari reservoir ZX menggunakan metode energy plot dan P/Z Vs Gp. Hasil metode energy plot tidak terdapat water influx yang menandakan jenis tenaga dorong pada reservoir gas adalah depletion gas drive dan sesuai dengan analisa pada garis plot metode P/Z Vs Gp yang menandakan jenis tenaga dorong depletion gas drive. Perhitungan isi awal gas di tempat pada penelitian digunakan metode volumetrik, Material Balance 3113,135 BSCF dan memiliki nilai recovery factor dari metode Material Balance adalah 80,523%.
Optimisasi Operasi Pemboran Di Basin Afrika Utara
Authors: Rasyid Aly
Published: March 2022

Drilling optimization objective was to reduce costs, improve wellbore conditions and integrity for increasingly challenging reservoirs while establishing maximum safety performance and environmental custodianship. Even though the final result of a drilling operation is easily observed, what almost always goes unnoticed is the complexity of the issues involved in the planning and execution of a drilling operation and the number of topics involved in such a process. In this paper, as case study of the exploration drilling in Hamada region, North Africa has been evaluated. Over the period of 2006 to 2011, continued drilling improvement was achieved. Key elements in the optimization included focus on management drilling team structure, engineering well planning, improvements on managing drilling operations such as on site safety management practices, and also post drill analysis to implement lesson learn for the next well to be drilled. As the result, while drilling 26 wells during the 2006 until 2011, drilling days were successfully reduced from 87 days (first well) to the average 40 days, and very good safety record performance. Keywords : optimization, drilling cost, drilling performance
Pengaruh Air Permukaan terhadap Air Tanah berdasarkan Data Muka Air Tanah Dangkal Daerah Danau Sunter dan Sekitarnya
Authors: Amri Muhammad Adimas
Published: March 2022

Penelitian analisis Hidrogeologi pengaruh air permukaan terhadap air tanah berdasarkan data muka air tanah dangkal Daerah Sunter dan sekitarnya, meliputi Daerah Sunter yang memiliki 3 (Tiga) Danau, Yaitu Danau Sunter  Barat, Danau Sunter Timur (Danau Sunter Agung) dan Danau Sunter Utara (Danau Cincin), di utara berbatasan dengan daerah pelabuhan dan kawasan wisata Ancol, bagian timur berbatasan dengan kawasan Kelapa Gading, bagian selatan berbatasan dengan kawasan Kampung Pulo Kecil dan di bagian barat berbatasan dengan kawasan Kemayoran. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengukuran dan analisa aliran muka air tanah (MAT) yang didapat dari Sembilan sumur gali di sekitar Danau Sunter. Sebaran airtanah nya berupa kontur tertutup dan arah alirannya terpusat dari segala arah dengan Danau Sunter sebagai pusat alirannya. Hasil penelitian pada data muka air tanah dan arah aliran air tanah menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara air tanah dengan ketiga Danau Sunter ialah effluent Stream dimana air danau sunter mengisi air tanah.
KARAKTERISTIK DAS CISADANE BERDASARKAN PARAMETER MORFOMETRI DI DAERAH RUMPIN – CISEENG, KABUPATEN BOGOR BARAT
Authors: Triany Novi , Nuryana Suherman Dwi , Adhitama Ramadhan , Guntoro Agus , Yudisatrio Muhammad Hario , Daned Rafael Holysius
Published: March 2022

Area penelitian merupakan wilayah kecamatan Rumpin dan Ciseeng, Kabupaten Bogor Barat yang dilalui oleh sungai Cisadane sebagai sungai induk dan salah satu sumber air penting wilayah sekitarnya. Seiring pesatnya perkembangan wilayah, pertumbuhan penduduk dan infrastruktur, maka diperlukan kajian morfometri mengenai sumber air tersebut agar pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber daya alam terbarukan dapat optimal, serta dapat menjadi rekomendasi dalam pengelolaan tata ruang di area DAS Cisadane dan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan adanya potensi banjir di daerah penelitian. Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui karakteristik DAS Cisadane di area penelitian adalah dengan mengkaji parameter morfometri daerah aliran sungai. Dengan metode penginderaan jauh, dilakukan analisis morfometri secara kuantitatif yang meliputi unsur luas DAS, bentuk DAS, rasio cabang sungai, dan kerapatan sungai. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa DAS sungai Cisadane daerah Rumpin-Ciseeng dapat dibedakan menjadi 21 subDAS, dimana dua di antaranya sudah dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas manusia. Bentuk subDAS terdiri dari bentuk bulu burung dengan luas area relatif sempit, serta bentuk radial, paralel, dan kompleks pada area subDAS yang luas dan beresiko banjir. Dari perhitungan rasio cabang sungai, sejumlah area subDAS pada topografi curam hingga landai dengan luas relatif sempit telah terpengaruh oleh deformasi. Sedangkan analisis kerapatan sungai menunjukkan kategori sedang yang diinterpretasikan aliran sungai melewati litologi yang lebih lunak sehingga sedimen yang terbawa dalam aliran akan lebih besar. Jenis batuan yang dilewati aliran sungai, topografi, serta pengaruh aktivitas tektonik sangat mempengaruhi perbedaan nilai morfometri pada daerah aliran sungai Cisadane.
ANALISA PENGARUH CAMPURAN LARUTAN SURFAKTAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN AIR KULIT NANAS TERHADAP PEROLEHAN MINYAK
Authors: Widiyatni Harin
Published: March 2022

Dalam upaya mengoptimalkan perolehan minyak, dalam analisa ini akan dilihat pengaruh larutan surfaktan yang dicampurkan dengan air kulit nanas. Metode EOR merupakan salah satu metode yang biasa dipergunakan agar produksi minyak dari suatu sumur semakin meningkat. Salah satunya metode EOR yang biasa dipergunakan yaitu injeksi surfaktan. Fungsi injeksi surfaktan ini guna penurunan tegangan antar-muka minyak dengan air supaya berkurangnya tekanan kapiler di daerah penyempitan pori-pori hingga minyak yang tersisa bisa didorong untuk berikutnya bisa dilakukan produksi. Dalam analisa ini akan dibahas tentang pengaruh surfaktan dan air nanas terhadap konsentrasi dan salinitas surfaktan yang paling optimal. Salinitas yang dipergunakan , yaitu 4000 ppm dan 15000 ppm. Dari kedua salinitas tersebut akan dicampurkan dengan surfaktan AOS dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 2 %, 2,5 %, dan 3 % dan penambahan larutan air kulit nanas sebanayak 10%, selanjutya akan di lakukan uji fisik berupa pengukuran IFT, viskositas, dan juga densitas. Setelah dilakukan pengukuran tersebut maka selanjutnya adalah proses saturasi dan injeksi. Selanjutnya melakukan perbandingan RF yang didapatkan dari menetapkan konsentrasi dan salinitas mana yang teroptimal terhadap tiap larutan salinitas itu.
PENGGUNAAN PETA SOI DALAM OPTIMASI PENENTUAN LOKASI SUMUR SISIPAN DENGAN MODEL RESERVOIR 3-DIMENSI: STUDI KASUS PENGEMBANGAN LAPANGAN CAL LAPISAN CA
Authors: Limbe Chiva Angel , Djumantara Maman , Wibowo Djunaedi Agus
Published: March 2022

Lapangan CAL terletak 70 km arah Timur Laut dari Jakarta, ditemukan pada 1980 dan mulai berproduksi pada 1982. Lapangan ini merupakan bagian dari Wilayah Kontrak Offshore North West Java (ONWJ) yang terletak di Laut Jawa dengan luas area sekitar 8.300 km2. Lapangan ini mengalami puncak produksi pada 2011 dengan laju produksi 2800 BOPD. Seiring berjalannya waktu, lapangan ini mengalami penurunan produksi, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan lapangan untuk mengoptimalkan pengurasan reservoir.Pengembangan lapangan dilakukan untuk mempertahankan/meningkatkan produksi dan mengoptimalkan pengurasan reservoir. Salah satu upaya untuk itu adalah dengan penambahan sumur sisipan (infill well). Pengembangan lapangan difokuskan pada satu lapisan, yaitu Lapisan CA. Untuk  memilih lokasi sumur sispan yang tepat digunakan peta SOI (Simulation Opportunity Index). SOI merupakan sebuah variabel yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi zona dengan potensi produksi yang tinggi. SOI dihitung dengan mengkombinasikan fungsi volume moveable oil, properti batuan dan fluida, juga energi yang berasal dari tekanan reservoir untuk memperoleh zona yang potensial.Beberapa skenario di-run untuk pengembangan lapangan ini. Skenario dijalankan mulai dari 2018 hingga 2037 dengan constraint minimum produksi minyak sebesar 25 STB/D dan BHP minimum sebesar 150 psi. Skenario I merupakan basecase dan menghasilkan kumulatif produksi minyak sebesar 14,45 MMSTB ( RF = 19,6%). Skenario III merupakan basecase ditambah 2 sumur sisipan dan menghasilkan kumulatif produksi minyak sebesar 15,80 MMSTB (RF = 21,4%). Skenario V merupakan basecase ditambah 4 sumur sisipan dan menghasilkan kumulatif produksi minyak sebesar 15,92 MMSTB (RF = 21,5%).
PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DENGAN CARA MENDESAIN ULANG PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMP (PCP) PADA SUMUR “E” LAPANGAN “P”
Authors: Prastio Eko , Agusman Abdullah Rizky
Published: March 2022

Artificial lift method in an oil well is a production engineering that use the help of surface and downhole equipment in order to achieve optimum production when the well is not suited to use natural flow as the main lifting system. But in many cases, even after artificial lift method have using, the optimum production have not achieved yet, thus resulting a redesign of the existing artificial lift is needed. This problem exists on E well that is owned by PT XYZ 1 Field Jambi using Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP) as artificial lift. From the early calculation, it is found that the current production of 17,16 bfpd has not reached the targetted production that is 48,57 bfpd. This shows a need for the existing PCP to be redesigned.            Before redesigning the artificial lift, the current value of Productivity Index (PI) is needed in order to make an Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) curve that will shows whether the oil well still worth producing or not. According to the results of this research, the value of PI is 0,47 with the maximum production at 60,72 bfpd and optimum production 48,57 bfpd. Meanwhile, the current production is only 17,16 bfpd. After the redesigning completed using R & M Energy Systems calculation methods as the provider of the current PCP, it is found that the optimal for revolution per minute (RPM), horse power (HP), torque values and the drive head type are 101,5 RPM, 2,7 HP, 15 ft-lbs and there have to be a change in drive head type AA4. To get results optimal production.
CAPACITANCE RESISTANCE MODEL (CRM) APPLICATION TO RAPID EVALUATE AND OPTIMIZE PRODUCTION IN PERIPHERAL WATERFLOOD FIELD, PANDHAWA FIELD CASE STUDY
Authors: Nugroho Muhammad Hasto , Aslam Billal , Marhaendrajana Taufan
Published: March 2022

Waterflooding is one of the most effective methods to improve oil recovery in mature fields because of its high success ratio, easy in application and cost efficiency. Development until now has shown that Capacitance Resistance Model (CRM) can be used as alternative from reservoir model and simulation studies. CRM can be used as model to predict reservoir characterization and reservoir performance quickly and accurately with only require historical production and injection data. CRM characterizes the reservoir by calculating the connectivity value and the response delay between the injections well and the production well as unknown parameters. Pandhawa Field is a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir with an average permeability of 65 mD with peripheral waterflood since 20 years ago. By knowing the injection efficiency, the optimization process can be carried out by increasing the water injection rate in injection wells that have high efficiency and vice versa. In this study, the performance of waterflood is analyzed using the Capacitance-Resistance Injection-Production Model (CRM-IP) to determine the connectivity of each injection and production well. This study also discuss CRM-IP implementation on MATLAB programming language and optimization of injection rate allocation for the most optimum cumulative oil production. Result of this study indicate total additional oil 505 MBO will be obtained during 120 months period by conduct redistribution water injection management for each injector. By using CRMIP methodology, waterflood management in this field can be done much faster, therefore decision taken for this field will be more effective.
Drilling the Undrillable; a Review of Indonesia Onshore Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) Operation Experiences
Authors: Darmawan Ganesha R , Prasetyo Aries
Published: March 2022

MPD (Managed Pressure Drilling) has been used worldwide to overcome drilling challenges in onshore and offshore operations. MPD has proven to save significant cost efficiency in every applications, by reducing NPT (Non Productive Time) caused by drilling problems such as, severe loss circulations, loss-kick cycle, and well control events. Indonesia is one of major country in Asia Pacific that has several needs to developing or exploring new opportunities with drilling challenges, especially in vuggular carbonate reservoirs, narrow drilling windows, and wellbore in-stability. This paper will present the basic theory on MPD, MPD equipment’s, types of MPD, and elaborate more on successful MPD operation in onshore Indonesia, and clustering the solutions of drilling challenges.
DETERMINATION OF NATURAL GAS PRICING THROUGH PIPELINE IN DOWNSTREAM BUSINESS ACTIVITIES FOR COMMERCIAL CUSTOMERS IN WORK AREA SOR II SOUTH SUMATERA-WEST JAVA (SSWJ)
Authors: Darajah Meutya Hanifah , Irham Syamsul , Hakim Darmasetiawan
Published: March 2022

Indonesia is a developing country that still depends on fossil fuels. Natural gas is one of the energy sources used as an alternative fuel for Indonesia's future to support national energy needs. This is because the amount of natural gas reserves in Indonesia are still classified as safe for the next several decades with increasing demand. The government has imposed a gas price for industry of USD $ 6 per MMBTU in accordance with the implementation of Presidential Regulation Number 40 of 2016 concerning Natural Gas Pricing. This strategic policy is believed to be able to boost the competitiveness of the domestic manufacturing sector so that it will make a significant contribution to the national economy. However, on the business entity side, this policy is considered to be detrimental because it is still unclear about the government intensive that is given to business entities. The purpose of this study is to analyze a case regarding the determination of the downstream selling price of natural gas for industrial costumers which should be in accordance with the parameters of the downstream selling price of natural gas. The results (output) obtained from this study indicate the process of optimizing the selling price of natural gas in downstream business activities to obtain the ideal value.
ANALISA PENGARUH SALINITAS DAN KONSENTRAS SURFAKTAN AOS 2% DAN 3% DENGAN PENGARUH CAMPURAN AIR KULIT NANAS TERHADAP PEROLEHAN MINYAK PADA SAAT PROSES INJEKSI SURFAKTAN
Authors: Fernando Ferryan , Samsol Samsol , Widyatni Harin
Published: March 2022

Metode EOR merupakan salah satu cara yang biasa dipergunakan agar produksi minyak dari suatu reservoir semakin meningkat. Salah satu metoda EOR yang biasa dipergunakan yaitu injeksi surfaktan. Fungsi injeksi surfaktan ini shingga nanti terjadi penurunan IFT (Interfacial Tension) minyak dengan air sehingga nanti berkurangnya tekanan kapiler di daerah penyempitan pori-pori sehingga minyak yang tersisa di daerah mendapat pengaruh dari tekanan kapiler itu agar bisa didorong untuk berikutnya bisa dilakukan produksi. Dalam tugas akhir ini akan dibahas mengenai pengaruh surfaktan dengan penambahan air kulit nanas terhadap perolehan minyak yang paling optimal. Salinitas yang dipergunakan untuk tugas akhir ini beragam, yaitu 4000 ppm dan 15000 ppm. Dari kedua salinitas tersebut selanjutnya dicampurkan dengan surfaktan AOS dengan konsentrasi masing-masing 2,5 %, dan 3 % dan penambahan larutan air kulit kulit nanas sebanayak 10%, selanjutya akan di lakukan uji fisik berupa pengukuran IFT, viskositas, dan juga densitas. Setelah dilakukan pengukuran tersebut maka selanjutnya merupakan proses saturasi dan injeksi. Selanjutnya melakukan perbandingan RF yang didapatkan dari menetapkan konsentrasi dan salinitas mana yang teroptimal terhadap tiap larutan salinitas itu.
PENANGGULANGAN LOST CIRCULATION DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE UNDER BALANCED DRILLING PADA SUMUR Y, BLOK Z
Authors: Parulian Rizki Ananda , Hamid Abdul , Rosyidan Cahaya
Published: March 2022

Drilling operation is process for creating a hole before production operation. “CT” Well and “Y” Well is located at same area which is Z Block. Those wells are vertical offshore wells. “CT” Well had been drilled on 1971 before “Y” Well was drilled on 2009.While drilling “CT” Well occurred total loss circulation on 12 ¼” at 3928 ft and cured with injection of 375 bbl LCM (Loss Circulation Material) with concentration 300 ppb but the loss circulation still occurred. Then total loss circulation occurred again at depth 4343 ft and 4545 ft. It cured with the same method but it didn’t succeed at all. Thus, using blind drilling method is the only option to anticipate the loss. This operation took 17 days using those methods.Well “Y” on 12 ¼” was drilled conventionally. When it reached depth 2910 ft occurred total loss circulation. Based on “CT” Well, using Under Balanced Drilling Method is the best way to anticipate the total loss circulation. This method only took 8 days Keywords : Grid Model Reservoir, Single Porosity, Grid Cell.
EVALUASI LINTASAN PEMBORAN BERARAH DENGAN BERBAGAI METODE PADA SUMUR A-25 LAPANGAN B
Authors: Bunda Anggi Afrilia Nur
Published: March 2022

Pemboran berarah adalah suatu seni membelokkan lubang sumur untuk kemudian diarahkan ke suatu sasaran tertentu di dalam formasi yang tidak terletak vertikal dibawah mulut sumur. Di dalam membor suatu formasi, sebenarnya selalu diinginkan lubang yang vertikal, karena dengan lubang yang vertikal, kecuali operasinya lebih mudah, juga umumnya biayanya lebih murah dari pada pemboran berarah. Jadi pemboran berarah hanya dilakukan karena alasan-alasan dan keadaan yang khusus saja.Setelah perencanaan dibuat dan praktek pemboran berarah dilaksanakan, tentu dilakukan pengukuran sudut kemiringan dan arah lubang bor (dilakukan survei). Apabila pada titik-titik survei tersebut terjadi penyimpangan, maka lubang bor diarahkan kembali ke arah yang telah ditetapkan.Dalam pelaksanaan pemboran berarah masalah yang terjadi jauh lebih kompleks dibandingkan dengan pemboran konvensional (secara vertikal), salah satu diantaranya sering terjadinya penyimpangan pada titik-titik survei lintasan sumur tersebut.Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan metodE perhitungan hasil survey lintasan sumur yang tepat dan akurat, dan akan dilakukan perhitungan hasil survei dengan 3 metode yaitu Metode Minimum Of Curvature, Tangential dan Angle Averaging, dimana dari ketiga metode tersebut manakah yang mendekati dengan hasil perencanaan lintasan pemboran.
ANALISIS SKENARIO PENGEMBANGAN LAPANGAN P LAPISAN S DENGAN SIMULASI RESERVOIR
Authors: Salusu Jonathan Aprilio , Djumantara Maman , Rahmawan Sigit
Published: March 2022

Kegiatan eksplorasi dalam industri migas untuk menemukan cadangan hidrokarbon masih terus dilakukan hingga saat ini. Lapisan S Lapangan P merupakan salah satu reservoir minyak yang baru ditemukan. Pada lapisan ini telah dilakukan dua pemboran sumur eksplorasi, yaitu sumur JA-02 dan JA-03. Hasil pemboran kedua sumur tersebut membuktikan potensi hidrokarbon pada Lapisan S sehingga pengembangan dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk melakukan optimasi produksi terhadap Lapisan S guna meningkatkan perolehan minyak dengan menggunakan simulasi reservoir. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan simulator CMG 2015 Black Oil (Imex). Tahapan penelitian dimulai dengan persiapan dan pengolahan data yang meliputi data geologi, karakteristik batuan, karakteristik fluida, serta data produksi, kemudian dilakukan inisialisasi, dan dilanjutkan dengan history matching yang diakhiri dengan tahapan pembuatan skenario produksi. Terdapat dua skenario yang dibuat dalam penelitian ini dan kedua skenario tersebut dijalankan hingga 31 Desember 2035. Penentuan skenario ini didasarkan pada distribusi sifat fisik batuan dan fluida reservoir serta cadangan sisa reservoir. Pada skenario I (basecase) dimana kedua sumur yang sudah ada tetap berproduksi tanpa melakukan perubahan parameter apapun dan didapat nilai incremental RF sebesar 8.66% terhadap current RF, yaitu sebesar 536.35 MBBL. Adapun skenario II (skenario I + 3 sumur infill) memberikan nilai incremental RF sebesar 24.15% terhadap current RF, yaitu sebesar 1495.57 MBBL. Dari penelitian skenario pengembangan yang telah dilakukan, didapati skenario II sebagai skenario pengembangan terbaik.
ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN PROSES SQUEEZE CEMENTING PADA SUMUR X-009 LAPANGAN X
Authors: Falah Muhammad Rafif , Kasmungin Sugiatmo , Pratiwi Reno
Published: March 2022

ABSTRAK Sumur X-009 terletak di kabupaten Tabalong, Kalimantan Selatan, 240 km dari Balikpapan maupun Banjarmasin,  Lapangan X merupakan lapangan penghasil minyak, yang dilakukan proses injeksi air untuk meningkatkan produksi minyak dengan terakhir kumulatif produksi sebesar 698332.66. Sumur X-009 telah mencapai watercut 99% dengan rate sebesar 1.83 Bopd. Sumur X-009 dinyatakan sudah tidak produktif dan dilakukan punutupan terhadap zona air. Proses penutupan menggunakan Squeeze Cementing dengan menggunakan metode balance plug. Sebelum dilakukan penutupan lubang perforasi, ditentukan titik atau daerah penyemenan yang akan dipompa, dimana target penutupan tersebut pada zona perforasi sumur X-009 berada pada interval kedalaman 690,6m – 768 m. Dari volume slurry yang dibutuhkan pada titik tersebut, didapatkan hasil sebesar 10 bbl. Sumur X-009 diketahui mempunyai kedalaman total 1163,8 m dengan temperatur 150° F dan menjadikan semen kelas G sebagai material yang sesuai untuk penyemenan. Lima jenis zat aditif yang digunakan pada operasi ini adalah D047 sebagai Antifoam agent sebanyak 0,6 gal, S001 sebagai Accelerator  sebesar 18,9 gal, D145A sebagai Dispersant sebesar 22 gal, D193 sebagai Fluid loss sebesar 62,9 gal, dan yang terakhir adalah D153 sebagai Anti Settling sebesar 28,3 gal. Sebelum proses pemompaan pipa diberi tekanan sebesar 2000 psi selama 15 menit dan tidak terjadi perubahan tekanan dan dapat disimpulkan tidak ada kebocoran. Injectivity test diberi tekanan sebesar 760 psi dengan rate 0,2 yang menandakan tidak loss. Hesitation dilakukan setelah proses penarikan drill pipe dengan memberi tekanan 660 psi selama 10 menit dan tidak terjadi perubahan tekanan. Proses pengerjaan pemompaan berlangsung selama 206 menit. Thickning time didapatkan hasil selama 268 menit menggunakan alat Vicat Penetrometer. Proses pengujian Compressive Strength menggunakan alat bernama Hydraulic Pressure.dan didapatkan hasil sebesar 2588 psi. Total biaya yang dikeluarkan pada keseluruhan operasi penyemenan berupa rangkaian, bahan, dan zat aditif didapatkan sebesar 16.004,2 USD.
PENENTUAN ISI AWAL MINYAK DI TEMPAT MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE IPM-MBAL PADA LAPISAN R25 LAPANGAN RFR
Authors: Husla Ridha , Putra Alief Mahadika , Nugrahanti Asri
Published: March 2022

Reservoir merupakan tempat minyak dan gas terakumulasi di dalam bumi pada suatu perangkap struktural maupun stratigrafi. Dengan terperangkapnya hidrokarbon dalam reservoir, maka perlu diketahui berapa jumlah isi awal minyak di tempat yang ada pada lapangan tersebut. Tujuan karya tulis ini adalah untuk menentukan jenis tenaga dorong reservoir, nilai volume isi awal minyak di tempat, dan nilai recovery factor dari lapisan R25, struktur RDH, lapangan RFR. Total Sumur yang sudah dibor di lapangan RFR sebanyak 58 sumur (10 sumur produksi, 45 sumur suspended, dan 3 sumur abandon). Mekanisme pada lapangan RFR adalah natural flow dan lifting (ESP dan HPU). Pada penelitian ini lapisan yang digunakan adalah lapisan R25. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode penentuan jenis tenaga dorong reservoir yaitu metode kualitatif, dan Ganesh Thakur. Berdasarkan metode kualitatif didapatkan jenis tenaga dorongnya adalah solution with weak water drive, dan pada metode Ganesh Thakur didapatkan jenis tenaga dorongnya adalah solution drive. Dari hasil perhitungan nilai volume awal minyak di tempat menggunakan metode volumetrik didapatkan nilai sebesar 27,43 MMSTB, dan hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan software Mbal sebesar 27,65 MMSTB. Selisih hasil perhitungan antara metode volumetrik dengan software IPM-Mbal sebesar 0,82%. Untuk hasil perhitungan nilai recovery factor menggunakan metode JJ Arps didapatkan nilai sebesar 26,76%.
OPTIMASI HIDROLIKA DENGAN METODE BHHP PADA TRAYEK 8 ½ INCH SUMUR X LAPANGAN Y
Authors: Rangga Wastu Apriandi Rizkina , Ridaliani Onnie , Avianti Beta Resqy
Published: March 2022

Lumpur pemboran merupakan faktor yang penting dalam operasi pemboran. Kecepatan pemboran, efisiensi, keselamatan dan biaya pemboran sangat tergantung dari lumpur pemboran yang dipakai. Lumpur merupakan semua jenis fluida yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan seperti tertinggalnya cutting di dasar lubang dengan mengangkat cutting kepermukaan sehingga proses pemboran dapat berjalan dengan lancar. Pada sumur X Lapangan Y akan dilakukan optimasi hidrolika untuk mengetahui hal-hal yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam memilih parameter  pemboran yang digunakan, serta faktor yang berpengaruh pada kinerja hidrolika pemboran dalam proses pengangkatan serbuk bor pada saat kegiatan pemboran.             Penelitian ini menggunakan metode BHHP (bit hiydraulic horse power) dimana hidrolika pemboran akan dievaluasi, apabila nilai yang diperoleh kurang dari 50% perlu dilakukan optimasi hidrolika. Pada metode CCI (cutting carrying index) akan digunakan dalam melihat seberapa baik lumpur dalam mengangkat cutting hingga ke permukaan, batas minimum  metode ini adalah 1.            Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi trayek 8 ½ inch kedalaman 1924,26 hingga 2141,8 ft pada sumur X lapangan Y. Evaluasi hidrolika pemboran pada kedalaman yang diteliti memilki nilai persentase tekanan di bit kurang dari 50% sehingga perlu dilakukan optimasi hidrolika dengan data pompa yang dimilki. Pada trayek ini nilai yang sebelumnya berkisar antara 4% naik hingga 60% dan nilai Cutting Carrying Index berkisar di angka 4, laju alir optimum juga didapatkan yang berkisar pada nilai 373 GPM.             Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini terdapar beberapa faktor seperti laju alir lumpur, densitas lumpur, rheology lumpur akan sangat memengaruhi hidrolika pemboran. Tekanan yang diberikan oleh pompa yang disalurkan hingga ke bit harus tepat untuk meminimalisir kehilangan tekanan yang mungkin terjadi, serta tekanan yang digunakan akan berpengaruh pada laju alir optimum lumpur didalam lubang sumur sebagai salah satu media yang digunakan dalam pengangkatan serbuk bor.Kata kunci: Lumpur, cuttings, hidrolika, BHHP, nozzle, daya.
POTENSI BIOPOLIMER DARI EKSTRAKSI NANOSELULOSA DAUN KAPAS SEBAGAI AGEN PENINGKATAN VISKOSITAS PADA INJEKSI POLIMER
Authors: Khalid Idham , Lestari Fitra Ayu , Afdhol Muhammad Khairul , Hidayat Fiki
Published: March 2022

One of the methods used to optimize oil production is biopolymer injection. In this study, nanocellulose from cotton leaves was made into a biopolymer by combining the cotton leaf synthesis method with ascorbic acid, then sonified and hydrolyzed using ethanol. SEM and FTIR tests were carried out to see the size and chemical structure. The rheology of KLNC biopolymer was compared with the bipolymer from Xanthan Gum. The salinity and compatibility tests were carried out at various concentrations, as well as knowing the resistance of the biopolymer at reservoir temperature. The results of this study, the morphological shape of KLNC shows that the extraction process does not damage the surface structure. With the same concentration, KLNC biopolymer had a higher viscosity compared to Xanthan Gum biopolymer. KLNC biopolymer is more resistant to salinity and thermal than Xanthan Gum. So that KLNC Biopolymer has the potential to be further developed and researched.
ANALISIS SALINITAS DAN KONSENTRASI SURFAKTAN AOS DAN TWEEN 20 TERHADAP RECOVERY FACTOR PADA PROSES IMBIBISI DAN CORE-FLOODING
Authors: Yulia Prayang Sunny , Kasmungin Sugiatmo , Fathaddin Muhammad Taufiq
Published: March 2022

Kebutuhan akan minyak bumi terus meningkat, namun disamping itu, produksi minyak bumi khusunya di sumur tua semakin menurun. Oleh karena itu, dikembangkanlah metode Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Pada penelitian kali ini, metode EOR yang digunakan adalah injeksi kimia yang berupa injeksi surfaktan. Penggunaan surfaktan ini dimaksudkan untuk menurunkan tegangan antarmuka (interfacial tension) antara minyak dan air sehingga mampu membawa minyak keluar dari pori-pori batuan reservoir. Dalam penelitian ini, akan dibahas tentang percobaan injeksi surfaktan, dilihat dari pengaruh salinitas, jenis surfaktan, dan konsentrasi surfaktan pada batuan karbonat, serta pengaruhnya terhadap recovery factor. Percobaan ini menggunakan surfaktan jenis Alpha Olefin Sulphonate (AOS) dan Tween 20, di mana konsentrasi masing-masing jenis surfaktan adalah 0,1%; 0,25%; 0,5%; 0,75%; dan 1%. Salinitas brine water yang akan digunakan adalah sebesar 10.000 ppm, 15.000 ppm, 20.000 ppm, dan 25.000 ppm. Selanjutnya akan dilihat  seberapa besar kemampuan surfaktan dalam mengikat minyak dari pori-pori batuan, sehingga akan didapat hasil recovery factor atau berapa persentase  minyak yang terkandung dalam pori batuan yang dapat diproduksikan. Hasil dari penelitian ini akan diamati dari dua proses, yaitu proses imbibisi yang menggunakan Amott apparatus atau yang lebih dikenal dengan proses imbibisi (spontaneous imbibition) dan coreflooding. Dari percobaan yang telah dilakukan, pengaruh injeksi surfaktan pada batuan karbonat adalah hasil yang lebih optimal terdapat pada proses coreflooding dibandingkan dengan proses imbibisi, karena proses coreflooding menggunakan tenaga dorong dari luar, sehingga pendesakan minyak dengan surfaktan lebih merata dan optimal. Sementara dengan proses imbibisi pendesakan terjadi secara alami dengan mengandalkan gaya gravitasi.
Cover Vol 9 No 4 2020
Authors: Fattahanisa Aqlyna
Published: March 2022

Cover Vol 9 No 4 2020
THE STUDY OF WATER QUALITY STATUS IN THE NGEBRONG RIVER WITH PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN THE TAWANGSARI BARAT REGION, PUJON DISTRICT, MALANG REGENCY
Authors: Suharto Bambang , Dewi Liliya , Mustaqiman Aulia Nur , Marjo Tyas Roro Anggraini Kyai
Published: March 2022

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the status of water quality in a river by using the Pollution Index method as stated in the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115/2003 regarding Guidelines for Determining the Status of Water Quality and to determine the effect of quality status on development efforts towards ecotourism. Methodology and Results: The measurement of water quality was carried out at two points, namely T1 (upstream) and T2 (downstream) points. The parameters included BOD, COD, DO, TSS, Temperature, pH, Zn, S, P, No3, and No2. From the test results for class I, II, and III criteria, almost all parameters exceeded the quality standard. The status of the river water quality, according to the Pollution Index, has increased from moderate polluted upstream and heavily polluted to certain parameters downstream. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The quality standards that are met for the river are criteria for class IV. The increase in pollution is indicated by human activity around the river which is characterized by increasing population and land use in agriculture and plantations. The increasing pollution reduces the quality of the river if it is developed into an ecotourism area due to its low water quality status.
LABORATORY STUDY ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF IPLT SUMUR BATU DEWATERING UNIT USING DIFFERENT COAGULANTS
Authors: Madonna Sandra , Fairus Sirin , Amelinda Nadya Nurul
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the most effective type and concentration of coagulant to reduce TDS, TSS, BOD and COD Sumur Batu Fecal Treatment Plant or Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja (IPLT) Sumur Batu. Methodology and Results: Using the jar test method at a laboratory scale, the types of coagulants of PAC, Alum and FeSO4 with varied concentration of 70 mg/L, 137.5 mg/L and 200 mg/L were used. Additionally, Polyacrylamide was also used in the study with concentration varied between 0.1 mg/L, 0.6 mg/L, and 1.1 mg/L adjusted to the concentration in the field. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Results showed that Alum with a concentration of  200 mg/L was the most effective coagulant, with removal efficiency for each parameter is as follows TDS = 82.17%, TSS = 67.69%, BOD = 60.16%, and COD = 59.76%.
ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE FOR SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Verma Nishi , Anda Martin , Wijayanti Yureana
Published: March 2022

Aim: This study investigates the development of a sustainable groundwater management strategy in Yogyakarta province through groundwater recharge technologies. This study also compares technologies used in the province and the one already implemented in Perth due to its similar nature in site geology and hydrogeology. Methodology and Results: Primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed. Water depth and hydraulic conductivity data were analyzed using permeameter and GIS program. GIS image analysis of water depth and hydraulic conductivity suggested that the placement of potential aquifer recharge sites would be best suited in the north-east part of the province, slightly outside the study area, to provide water for all. Two recharge schemes of an infiltration basin and an injection well with storm water detention tank were proposed. The injection well was decided upon, despite its higher cost, due to the impermeability of soils in Yogyakarta and possible water seepage to the environment. Similar to Perth’s Hartfield park scheme, an injection well would directly bypass these soil layers to recharge the aquifers with rainwater and storm water. Hartfield Park injects 4400 kL of water/year. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The findings of this study indicate aquifer recharge is a possible solution to overcome Yogyakarta’s high abstraction. Further studies recommend that injection well trials are further developed in terms of location, depth and sizing.
Serous fluid: Reactive conditions
Authors: Jhala Nirag , Jhala Darshana , Shidham Vinod B.
Published: March 2022

This chapter highlights the steps that would help to analyze any fluid. It highlights importance of knowing gross analysis of fluid along with biochemical information. These parameters along with clinical information are very important in arriving at a differential diagnosis. Morphologic appearances in the fluid can often become challenging and occasionally reactive conditions can reveal changes that may mimic malignancies. This chapter provides not only a framework of approach to assessment of fluid cytology but also shows how to distinguish some of the challenging reactive conditions from the diagnosis of carcinoma. The chapter also utilizes two cases to demonstrate approach to reactive conditions. This review article will be incorporated finally as one of the chapters in CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) #2. It is modified slightly from the chapter by the initial authors in the first edition of Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Serous Fluids.
Serous fluid: Metastatic sarcomas, melanoma, and other non-epithelial neoplasms
Authors: Pantanowitz Liron , Chivukula Mamatha
Published: March 2022

While most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin, cytologists should be aware that non-epithelial neoplasms can also cause malignant effusions including sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, and, more rarely, brain tumors. The differential diagnosis of a malignant effusion is accordingly broad, especially for the small round blue cell tumors that includes not only mesenchymal tumors, but also non-mesenchymal tumors, such as neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor. Diagnosing non-epithelial malignancies in effusion specimens based entirely upon their cytomorphologic features is difficult because these neoplasms often exhibit considerable morphological overlap and their cytomorphology can differ from the original tumor. As malignant cells have a tendency to round up in body fluids these non-epithelial neoplasms can therefore mimic reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic adenocarcinoma. The use of ancillary studies including immunostaining, FISH, and molecular studies is thus often critical to reach a definitive diagnosis. This review article will be incorporated finally as one of the chapters in CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) #2. It is modified slightly from the chapter by the initial authors in the first edition of Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Fluids.
Serous cavity metastasis: Evaluation of unknown primary
Authors: Jhala Nirag , Arriola Aileen , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: March 2022

Malignant effusions can occur in patients with neoplasia. Once a metastatic diagnosis is confirmed, the primary site of origin of malignancy needs to be ascertained. This task can be challenging without a prior history of malignancy. In some patients their effusion may be the initial presentation of an underlying malignancy. Metastases usually present with a dual population of mesothelial and malignant cells. Combining cytomorphologic examination with ancillary testing such as immunocytochemistry can help identify the origin of the foreign malignant cell population. Helpful architectural clues include a single cell pattern, solid cell ball pattern, single file arrangement, papillary formation, psammoma bodies and background mucin. Useful cellular features include the presence of signet ring cells, small cells, pleomorphic and multinucleated giant cells, squamous cells, spindle cells and pigmentation. Rarely, despite an extensive work-up the primary site of origin for a malignant effusion may remain unresolved. This review article will be incorporated finally as one of the chapters in CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) #2. It is modified slightly from the chapter by the initial authors in the first edition of Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Serous Fluids.
Flow cytometry, molecular analysis, and other special techniques (in Serous Fluid Cytopathology)
Authors: Gabali Ali
Published: March 2022

Morphological and architectural pattern evaluations play a major role in the rpretation of hematopoietic neoplasms. However, confirmation of diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and risk stratification are highly dependent on the utilization of multiple ancillary studies. The importance of these ancillary studies increases in evaluating serous fluid samples, as these samples lack architecture and patterns. Likewise, the morphology can be disturbed by sample preparation. The most common ancillary studies utilized are flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry for immunophenotyping, Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), cytogenetics for structural and gene rearrangements, and molecular studies for mutational analysis. Among them, flow cytometry analysis is the handiest test to perform with high diagnostic yield on serous fluid specimens. In this article we will discuss the use, caveat, and role of the most common ancillary studies on serous fluid specimen evaluation. This review article will be incorporated finally as one of the chapters in CMAS (CytoJournal Monograph/Atlas Series) #2. It is modified slightly from the chapter by the initial authors (Choladda Vejabhuti, MD and Chung-Che (Jeff) Chang, MD, PhD) in the first edition of Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Fluids.
Association between exonic polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen-G gene and non-segmental vitiligo in the Korean population
Authors: Kim Su-Kang , Kwon Hyo-Eun , Jeong Ki-Heon , Shin Min Kyung , Lee Mu-Hyoung
Published: March 2022

Background

Vitiligo is a pigmentary skin disorder characterised by a chronic and progressive loss of melanocytes. Although several theories have been suggested to the pathogenesis of vitiligo, an autoimmune process leading to melanocyte destruction appears most likely. Human leukocyte antigen-G is a non-classic, major histocompatibility complex Class I molecule that plays an important role in the suppression of the immune response. Several recent studies have provided evidences that polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen-G gene might be related with autoimmune diseases.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to decide whether exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms in human leukocyte antigen-G contribute to the risk of developing non-segmental vitiligo in the Korean population.

Methods

To evaluate the associations between exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1630223 [Ala5Ala] and rs12722477 [Leu134Ile]) of human leukocyte antigen-G and vitiligo, 244 patients with vitiligo and 398 healthy controls were recruited. Genotyping was performed using Fluidigm 192.24 Dynamic Array with EP1 (Fluidigm Corp., CA). The SNP type assay (Fluidigm Corp., CA), which employs allele-specifically designed fluorescences (FAM or VIC) primers and a common reverse primer was applied and the data were analysed using the EP1 single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyping analysis software to obtain genotype calls.

Results

Two exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs1630223 and rs12722477) exhibited significant associations with susceptibility and remained a statistically significant association following Bonferroni correction. These two single nucleotide polymorphisms were located within a block of linkage disequilibrium. Haplotypes G-C and A-A comprising rs1630223 and rs12722477 demonstrated a significant association with non-segmental vitiligo.

Limitations

The protein expression level of patients with vitiligo and controls was not studied and a replication study of the genetic association in an independent group was not managed.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that exonic human leukocyte antigen-G polymorphisms (rs1630223 and rs12722477) are associated with the development of non-segmental vitiligo.
Ibrutinib and atrial fibrillation as cardiotoxicity – A new safety warning that impacts overall survival
Authors: Parikh Purvish , Aggarwal Indu Bansal , Daddi Anuprita , Narasimhan Prem Naganath , DSouza Hollis Henry , Agarwal Vivek , Chandrakant M. V. , Gopal Rakesh
Published: March 2022

Atrial fibrillation is a well recognized side effects of several drugs. However it is ignored since most studies have failed to show that it impacts survival adversely. This is not the case with ibrutinib, especially amongst patients with pre-existing cardiac morbidities. In this article, we provide practical consensus guidelines for cancer patients being commenced on therapy with ibrutinib.