bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NILAI BUDAYA PADA LANSKAP INDUSTRI PERKEBUNAN KINA CINYIRUAN BANDUNG PADA MASA KOLONIAL
Authors: Nuralia Lia , Imadudin Iim
Published: December 2021

Perkebunan Kina Cinyiruan di Bandung telah berdiri sejak tahun 1855. Sekarang ini telah menjadi kebun afdeeling dari Perkebunan Kertamanah PTPN VIII, sejak digabungkan secara manajerial di masa kemerdekaan. Jejaknya dapat ditelusuri sebagai lanskap budaya industri perkebunan berupa area bekas kebun kina dan permukiman emplasemen, yang mengandung nilai budaya. Apa dan bagaimana nilai budaya tersebut menjadi permasalahan pokok dalam tulisan ini. Metode penelitian adalah desk research dengan pendekatan arkeologi industri serta konsep nilai budaya dan lanskap budaya. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah lanskap budaya industri Perkebunan Kina Cinyiruan memiliki tata guna lahan beragam dengan tinggalan budaya benda beraneka fungsi. Nilai budaya yang terkandung di dalamnya merupakan nilai budaya tradisional Sunda dan nilai budaya kolonial, terkait kearifan lokal dan teknologi modern barat. Kedua nilai budaya tersebut tampak pada tata letak dan arsitektur bangunan permukiman, serta tata guna lahan area kebun sebagai sistem ekonomi subsistensi dan perkebunan sebagai sistem ekonomi modern Barat yang komersial.The Cinyiruan quinine plantation in Bandung has been established since 1855. After the managerial merger during the independence of Indonesia, it is now the government-owned plantation of PTPN VIII Kertamanah. The existence of the plantation can be traced as a cultural landscape of the plantation industry. It includes the area of the former quinine plantation and the emplacement settlement. Both contain cultural values. The main problem in this paper comprise what and how the values are. The research method used is the desk research with an industrial archeology approach and the concept of cultural values and cultural landscapes. The results obtained indicate that the cultural landscape of the Cinyiruan quinine plantation industry has a variety of land uses with cultural relics of various functions. The cultural values contained are the Sundanese traditional cultural values and colonial cultural values which relate to the local wisdom and western modern technology. These two cultural values are traceable in the layout and architecture of residential buildings as well as the land use of the garden area as a subsistence economic system and the plantations as a modern commercial Western economic system.
The method of optimizing the main technical parameters of the promising city electric buses of ONC Type
Authors: Voytkiv Staniskav
Published: December 2021

Problem. City electric buses of the ONC type, which are widely used for passenger transportation on city routes, even if the permissible gross weight is increased by 1500 kg, have significantly lower passenger capacity than the high-class buses on the basis of the bodies of which they are created. This is due to the fact that the mass of traction batteries is much greater than the mass of the power unit with all its city bus systems. Goal. The goal is determining the optimal values of the main technical parameters of promising electric buses already at the stages of development of sketch proposals or sketch projects. Methodology. The work is based on the analysis of technical parameters of city electric buses of modern designs and regulated technical requirements for high-capacity passenger wheeled vehicles, the dependences of their passenger capacity on the dimensional parameters of the body, the weight of the equipped electric bus without the weight of traction batteries and the autonomous mileage of electric buses. Results. Three variants of a technique of optimizing the parameters of the designed city electric buses on one of the set parameters – the nominal passenger capacity, average daily autonomous run or length of a body of an electric bus are developed. Originality. An algorithm for determining the optimized parameters of the designed electric buses at the stage of development of sketch proposals and sketch projects is proposed. Practical value. The proposed method provides the design of promising competitive city electric buses of ONC type, which are most suitable for use in the cities of Ukraine, with a given or maximum possible nominal passenger capacity in terms of providing a given or maximum autonomous mileage and equality of passenger capacity, determined by passenger area mass.
Simulation of а car parameters impact on the process of its acceleration
Authors: Osetrov Oleksandr , Chuchumenko Bohdan
Published: December 2021

Goal. The purpose of the work is mathematical modeling of Daewoo Lanos passenger car acceleration dynamics. Methodology. The mathematical model is based on the methodology of E.A. Chudakov and N.A.Yakovlev. According to this method, the main factor that determines the current value of vehicle acceleration at an elementary speed section is the dynamic factor. This factor depends on the traction force, the air resistance force and the weight of the vehicle. The paper proposes formulas for determining the dynamic factor and parameters of vehicle acceleration at an elementary speed section, where gear shift takes place. The model is implemented in the MATLAB software environment. The software product allows to determine the parameters of the car during acceleration to the maximum speed when the engine is running at the external speed characteristic modes. Results Based on the results of mathematical modeling for the Daewoo Lanos car, the loads arising in the drive of the car were analyzed. It is shown that the tractive effort is mainly spent on overcoming the inertial forces, which at the beginning of the movement exceed the resistance forces of the road and air by more than 50 times. With an increase in the vehicle speed, the inertia force decreases and at a speed of 100 km / h it is only twice the other load components. It is shown that with the accepted initial data, the Daewoo Lanos car accelerates to 100 km/h in 17.7 s, which corresponds to the experimental data. The influence of the mass of the car, the rated power of the engine, the mode and time of gear shifting, the radius of the wheels, the height of the car, the coefficient of aerodynamic drag on the dynamics of acceleration of the car is analyzed. It was revealed that the vehicle weight and the nominal power of the engine affect the dynamics of acceleration from 0 to 100 km/h to the greatest extent. The influence of other parameters in the indicated speed range is not somewhat significant. The explanation of the obtained results is given. Practical value. The mathematical model presented in the work allows to determine the parameters of the engine and the car during acceleration, take into account the influence of the design and adjusting parameters of the engine and the car on these indicators, and carry out optimization studies.
Does perceived scarcity of COVID-19 vaccines increase vaccination willingness? Results of an experimental study with German respondents in times of a national vaccine shortage.
Authors: Schnepf Julia
Published: December 2021

Vaccine shortage is still a major problem in many countries. But how does the vaccine shortage affect people’s willingness to be vaccinated? To test whether perceived scarcity of COVID-19 vaccines has an impact on vaccination willingness, a preregistered online experiment with N = 175 non-vaccinated German participants was conducted during a period of national vaccine shortage. Perceived vaccine scarcity was manipulated by either telling participants that COVID-19 vaccines in their district would be particularly scarce in the upcoming weeks or told that above-average quantities would be available. The results show that individuals in the scarcity-condition were significantly more willing to get vaccinated than those in the surplus-condition were. In addition, individuals in the scarcity-condition were found to express more anger towards the debate on relaxations for vaccinated versus non-vaccinated individuals.
Analisis Video Share to Video Comments Ratio Tiktok Pada 5 Merek Smartphone Terlaris di Indonesia
Authors: Yasa I Komang Agus Susila
Published: December 2021

Tiktok is an application that is able to change the way of using social media before with their uniqueness, namely videos that are 15-60 seconds long. The Tiktok application is not only a video, but also contains music, filters, and other interesting features. The Tiktok application was launched globally by a Chinese company with a parent company called ByteDance. It is estimated that Indonesia accounts for about 11% of total downloads globally and makes Indonesia one of the countries with the largest Tiktok application users in the world. Then with such a large number of Tiktok downloaders, it can provide opportunities for users such as smartphone brands to make this Tiktok platform or application their social media marketing platform. There are 5 smartphone brands in Indonesia that use Tiktok as their marketing platform, including: Xiaomi Indonesia, Vivo Indonesia, Oppo Indonesia, Samsung Indonesia and Realme Indonesia. This research was made using an exploratory exploratory method, with the aim of knowing how the credibility or performance of the Tiktok account of the 5 best-selling smartphone brands in Indonesia. Then the results of this study show that the Oppo Indonesia brand has better performance credibility compared to other smartphone brands.
BISNIS KULINER CIMOL
Authors: Sugiatni Evi , MIRNAWATI  , Rasyid A. Syahrul Ramadhan , Rahmi  , sandita riana putri
Published: December 2021

Pada zaman seperti sekarang ini banyak sekali makanan ringan yang sedang dijual di pasaran yang biasa masyarakat sebut dengan cemilan. Jenis cemilan yang banyak kita jumpai di warung, atau pasar yang ada disekitar kita adalah cemilan cimol. Dari sekian banyaknya jenis cemilan baik itu cemilan basah atupun cemilan kering yang ada saat ini banyak sekali jenis makanan modern yang terbuat atau buatan pabrik canggih yang terjual di warung atau pasaran yang ada di dekat kita. Sedangkan industry rumahan yang di pakai untuk membuat makanan ringan seperti cimol bisa kita dapatkan dengan mudah di pasaran. Sama halnya yang kita ketahui bahwa para konsumen di Indonesia banyak sekali masyarakat bahkan hampir semuanya menyukai makanan ringan atau cemilan.Makanan ringan merupakan sebuah makanan yang biasanya di konsumsi oleh masyarakat pada saat mereka sedang istirahat atau bersantai. Ataupun mereka sedang di pertengahan sarapan dan makan siang mereka. Kondisi perkulihan yang saat ini mungkin jadwal perkulihan para mahasiswa sangat padat sehingga terkadang mahasiswa lupa makan siang atau sarapan bahkan makan malam sehingga cemilan atau makanan ringan lah yang menjadi pengganti makanan pokok mereka. Selain dari itu terkadang juga harga makanan yang cukup terbilang mahal di kalangan mahasiswa sehingga mereka lebih memilih
Makalah Kelompok Kerja Dan Komunikasi Dalam Organisasi
Authors: ASRIANI
Published: December 2021

Komunikasiadalahsatuusahapraktekdalam mempersatukanpendapatpendapat,ide-ide,persamaan pengertian dan persatuan kelompok.Aktifitaskomunikasimemilikiruanglingkupyangsangatluas.Apabilakajian komunikasidihubungkandenganorganisasitimbulsuatukajiantentang komunikasiorganisasi.Organisasimerupakan salah kontekspentingdalamkomunikasi.Modelda
The normal, the natural, and the harmonic
Authors: MODIS THEODORE
Published: December 2021

Use is made of rigorous definitions for the terms normal, natural, and harmonic to reveal a number of unfamiliaraspects about them. The Gaussian distribution is not sufficient to determine who is normal, and fluctuations above or below a natural-growth curve may or may not be natural. A recipe for harmonically sustained natural growthrequires that the overlap during the substitution process must be limited. As a consequence the overall growthprocess must experience good as well as bad "seasons".© 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ADOPSI E-COMMERCE
Authors: maulana ahmad
Published: December 2021

E-commerce mewakili model bisnis baru yang umumnya memberikan kesempatan untuk berdagang dalam jangkauan perdagangan yang lebih luas dan untuk membangun mitra bisnis tanpa memerlukan investasi atau biaya operasi yang besar. Namun, tingkat pertumbuhan e-commerce di Indonesia sejauh ini baru 6%, sehingga tidak mudah untuk mengadopsi e-commerce. Fakta ini terkait erat dengan ketidakmampuan untuk membuat keputusan strategis tentang adopsi e-commerce. Survei ini menggunakan unit analisis organisasi, dan responden adalah pengelola dan pengelola e-commerce di wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Pengambilan data menggunakan sampel acak sederhana skala Likert, dan jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah 118 responden. Selanjutnya dilakukan wawancara mendetail dengan beberapa responden terpilih yang dilakukan secara berkelompok, disertai teknik sampling yang ditargetkan melalui aplikasi media sosial (Whats App). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memilih dan menentukan kriteria yang akan menjadi prioritas utama dan entitas (alternatif) terpenting atas nama masing-masing kriteria berdasarkan model implementasi e-commerce menggunakan metode AHP. Hasil survei dengan kriteria terpenting adalah kelayakan teknologi dengan dimensi keuntungan relatif, biaya, dan agen perubahan eksternal.
PENTINGNYA WAWASAN NUSANTARA UNTUK KETAHANAN DAN PERTAHANAN NEGARA
Authors: tamaela dimas
Published: December 2021

Negara yang antara lain ditandai oleh kesatuan teritori boleh susut atau hancur tetapi dengan jiwa dan semangat kebangsaan yang tetap berkobar dengan daya juang tinggi maka eksistensi suatu bangsa tetap dapat dipertahankan dan diakui oleh bangsa?bangsa lain. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 (UUD NRI 1945) secara eksplisit mengatur kewajiban warga negara Indonesia (WNI) untuk ikut serta dalam upaya bela negara. Hal itu tertuang dalam pasal 27 ayat 3 UUD NRI 1945 yang berbunyi, “Setiap warga negara berhak dan wajib ikut serta dalam upaya pembelaan negara”. Lebih lanjut, ketentuan mengenai bela negara diatur dalam Undang-Undang nomor 3 tahun 2002 tentang Pertahanan Negara (UU No.3/2002), yaitu dalam pasal 9 ayat 1 dan 2. Pasal itu mengetengahkan bahwa upaya bela negara diwujudkan dalam penyelenggaraan pertahanan negara, serta mencakup pendidikan kewarganegaraan, pelatihan dasar kemiliteran secara wajib, pengabdian sebagai Tentara Nasional Indonesia secara sukarela atau secara wajib, serta pengabdian sesuai dengan profesi
KONSEP DASAR DALAM MEMPELAJARI MATA KULIAH ALGORITMA PEMPROGRAMAN
Authors: Siregar Salbiah
Published: December 2021

Algoritma memiliki serangkaian langkah untuk memecahkan masalah. Langkah-langkahnya disusun secara sistematis. Algoritma adalah langkah-langkah untuk mengurutkan langkah-langkah terintegrasi, dan penggunaannya untuk memecahkan masalah memiliki cara khusus untuk menyelesaikan masalah nyata (WebsterDictionary). Tujuan dari algoritme adalah untuk membantu Anda menjadi terbiasa menerapkan sistem perencanaan untuk masalah tertentu. Perencanaan yang cermat dapat mengatasi masalah ini sehingga Anda dapat mengoptimalkan solusi yang tepat saat menyelesaikan masalah. Seperti yang Anda lihat, masalahtidak dapat diselesaikan tanpa rencana. Mempelajari sebuah programsangat berbeda dengan belajar bahasa pemrograman. Ketika pemrograman adalah tentang pendekatan strategis untuk memecahkan masalah, masalah diwakili oleh algoritma sederhana yang mudah dipahami dan dibaca untuk masukan lebih lanjut ke dalam bahasa pemrograman. Pembelajaran pemrograman berarti strategi pembelajaran yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk algoritma yang mudah dibaca dan dipahami, memecahkan masalah, dan menerjemahkannya ke dalam bahasa pemrograman. Hakikat dalam mempelajari suatu program adalah memahami, menganalisis dan mengintegrasikan masalah.
Rasio Keuangan Bank
Authors: RAHMADANI NURUL IZZA
Published: December 2021

Rasio Financial (Rasio Keuangan) merupakan alat Analisis Perusahaan untuk menilai kinerja suatu perusahaan berdasarkan perbandingan data keuangan yang terdapat pada laporan pos keuangan (neraca, laporan/laba rugi, laporan arus kas). Rasio merupakan alat ukur yang digunakan perusahaan untuk mengenalisis laporan keuangan. Rasio menggambarkan suatu hubungan atau pertimbangan antara suatu jumlah tertentu dengan jumlah yang lain. Dengan menggunkan alat analisa berupa rasio keuangan dapat menjelaskan dan memberikan gambaran kepada penganalisa tentang baik atau buruknya keadaan atau posisi keuangan suatu perusahaan dari suatu periode ke periode berikutnya.
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan (linkages Indonesian language learning and the environment)
Authors: Intania Dwi Putri
Published: December 2021

The environment is an influential component in implementing teaching and learning activities. The environment can also support the course of teaching and learning activities in schools. Schools with a clean environment will make students learn comfortably and vice versa. However, our level of awareness of the importance of the environment is still very minimal. Teachers as educators play an important role in teaching environmental education and raise awareness of students about the environment.
Laporan keuangan
Authors: GEBY
Published: December 2021

Laporan keuangan adalah salah satu bagian yg digunakan dalam menyusun laporan keuangan salah satunya arus kas,laba rugi dan neraca.
The Importance of Environment in Indonesian Language Learning
Authors: Syafani Shania Ramadhani
Published: December 2021

Stated that environmental education is a joint effort that is consciously organized to teach or attract human attention about how the natural environment functions and how humans can manage and protect it. This education takes place in the practice of seeking creativity and discovery, as well as the exploration of reality without realizing it.
analisis pengembangan dan pengorganisasian masyarakat dengan orientasi PBL
Authors: purnamasari nurhidayah
Published: December 2021

Di era dewasa ini masih terdapat berbagai permasalahan kesehatan serius yang kita temui pada masyarakat. Faktor kesehatan mulai dari lingkungan, perilaku, genetik, hingga pelayanan kesehatan nyatanya belum saling bersinergi secara baik dalam penerapannya di masyarakat. Belum lagi kesenjangan sarana prasarana dan pelayanan kesehatan yang masih sering terjadi antara masyarakat di kota dan desa. 3 (Tiga) permasalahan sebagai prioritas utama dalam intervensi yang kami lakukan di Dusun Matanre
GSLC TUT 4
Authors: Beverly Louis
Published: December 2021

GSLC TUT 4 e business 2101714585
Trends in Pediatric Palliative Care Research (TPPCR) 2021; Issue #10: Commentary on Battista et al.
Authors: GHOSHAL ARUN
Published: December 2021

This TPPCR commentary discusses the 2021 paper by Battista et al, “Advance Directives for Adolescents and Young Adults Living with Neuromuscular Disease: An Integrative Review of the Literature.” published in Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing.
Makalah laporan keuangan
Authors: Asrari
Published: December 2021

Makalah laporan keuangan
Kaitan Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengan Lingkungan
Authors: Azzahra Hanifah
Published: December 2021

Lingkungan merupakan tempat berinteraksi banyak orang. Lingkungan merupakan bagian awal dari kehidupan manusia, bagaimana perkembangan bahasa seseorang berawal dari lingkungan. Baik buruknya manusia dapat dinilai dari lingkungannya. Dalam situasi kehidupan sehari-hari, sikap yang yang santun akan memberi dampak positif terhadap hubungan sosial dengan lingkungan sekitar (Gani, 2019).
Wawasan Nusantara
Authors: Fitriah Nuril Lianatul
Published: December 2021

•Abstract•Wawasan Nusantara merupakan cara pandang terhadap bangsa dengan tujuan menjaga persatuan dan kesatuan, yang diwujudkan dengan mengutamakan kepentingan nasional dibanding kepentingan pribadi, kelompok atau golongan tertentu.•Wawasan Nusantara sendiri digunakan sebagai pedoman, motivasi, dorongan, dan rambu-rambu dalam menentukan kebijaksanaan, keputusan, tindakan dalam penyelenggaraan negara di tingkat pusat dan daerah maupun bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara
Makalah Kekuasaan, Kewenangan,Tanggung Jawab Dan Delegasi
Authors: ASRIANI
Published: December 2021

Salahsatukonsekuensilogisdariadanyastrukturorganisasiadalahterdapatnyabagian-bagiandalam sebuahorganisasiyangkeseluruhbagiantersebutterdiridarihierarkiyangtertinggihinggahierarkiyangterendah.
PENERAPAN DEMOKRASI DALAM SUSUNAN KETATANEGARAAN INDONESIA
Authors: WURIAHANDAYANI SINTYA EKA
Published: December 2021

Dalam perjalanan sejarah bangsa, sejak kemerdekaan hingga sekarang, terdapat tiga macam demokrasi yang pernah diterapkan dalam kehidupan ketatanegaraan di Indonesia, yaitu demokrasi liberal, demokrasi terpimpin, dan demokrasi pancasila. Demokrasi liberal bermuara pada kegagalan konstituante menetapkan UUD pengganti UUDS 1950. Demokrasi terpimpin di bawah pemerintahan orde lama dan demokrasi pancasila di bawah pemerintahan orde baru. Meskipun konsep awal pada periode tersebut dimaksudkan sebagai implementasi dari sila keempat Pancasila, tetapi pada akhirnya kekuasaan terpusat pada tangan seorang Presiden. Kegagalan orde lama dan orde baru untuk menegakkan nilai-nilai demokrasi menyebabkan bergulirnya reformasi. Dalam era reformasi ini, diharapkan nilai-nilai demokrasi dapat ditegakkan.
Environmental Importance in Indonesian Language Learning
Authors: Putri Aulia Rahma
Published: December 2021

Notes on the importance of the environment in learning Indonesian
Pasar Monopoli
Authors: magfirah Ananda , Aprilia Nur , Nurrahma Ayuni
Published: December 2021

Pasar adalah salah satu dari berbagai sistem, industri, prosedur, hubungan sosial dan infrastruktur di mana usaha menjual barang, jasa dan tenaga kerja untuk orang-orang dengan imbala uang. Kegiatan ini merupakan bagian dari perekonomian. Persaingan sangat penting dalam pasar, dan memisahkan pasar dari perdagangan. Dalam kehidupan perekonomian yang factual, sangat jarang mendapat penjual yang tidak menghadapi persaingan dari penjual lain. Meskipun dalam suatu pasar misalnya hanya terdapat satu penjual sehingga tidak ada persaingan secara langsung dari penjual lain, tetapi penjual tunggal tersebut akan menghadapi persaingan secara tidak langsung dari penjual lain yang menghasilkan produk yang dapat merupakan alternative produk pengganti yang tidak sempurna.
Makalah Faktor Individu Dalam Organisasi
Authors: Ningsi Eka Fitria
Published: December 2021

keberhasilan perusahaan dalam mengimplementasikan rencana perusahaan yang telah direncanakan di tentukan oleh SDM yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan itu, dan dalam membentuk SDM yang baik perusahaan itu harus memerhatikan betukl tentang kesejahteraan SDM tersebut.
Dasar Pemikiran Moneter Dalam Sistem Keuangan Islam
Authors: Zaifuddin Muhammad
Published: December 2021

Bila melihat sejarah lahirnya sistem-sistem ekonomi dunia, maka kita akan menemukan suatu kesamaan, yakni semua sistem yang pernah ada mempunyai tujuan untuk mecapai tingkat kesejahteraan manusia pada umumnya. Namun karena setiap sistem yang ada, selalu diwarnai dengan ideologi-ideologi penggagas atau pencetus teori ekonomi tersebut, sebut saja ekonomi kapitalis, sosialis dan Islam yang masing-masing mempunyai dasar ideologi berbeda. Ekonomi islam maupun konvensional banyak menyetujui bahwa upaya untuk mengendalikan inflasi agar tetap dalam tingkat moderat, kebijakan pemerintah (kebijikan fiskal) maupun otoritas moneter (kebijakan moneter) merupakan bagian dan upaya menelan inflasi. Apabila inflasi di defenisikan dengan kecendrungan kenaikan harga-harga secara umum, maka akan kita dapati bahwa dalam setiap perekonomian apakah itu menggunakan sistem ekonomi kapitalis ataupun islam akan senantiasa ditemui permasalahan infalasi.
E-Commerce Adoption
Authors: Meutia Annissa
Published: December 2021

Internet telah tumbuh pada tingkat yang eksponensial dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Selama bertahun-tahun pengguna komputer telah menggunakan Internet untuk berbagi data, berkolaborasi dalam pekerjaan mereka, dan bertukar pesan.
Menyusun Laporan Keuangan
Authors: R Nurul Zahra Zahirah
Published: December 2021

Tugas Kewirausahaan XIV
Red noise in steady-state multiphase flow
Authors: Spurin Catherine , Garfi Gaetano , Rücker Maja , Bultreys Tom , Krevor Samuel , Blunt Martin , Moura Marcel , Berg Steffen
Published: December 2021

Understanding the interaction between competing fluids in the pore space of rocks is key for predicting subsurface flow and trapping, such as with CO2 in a saline aquifer. These processes occur over a large span of timescales (from seconds to thousands of years), and length scales (from microns to kilometres). Understanding the link between these temporal and spatial scales will enable us to interpolate between observations made at different resolutions. In this work we explore the temporal scales present during macroscopically steady-state multiphase flow in a porous rock using differential pressure measurements. We observe a cascade of timescales in the pressure differential i.e. a continuous range of frequencies, with lower frequencies having greater amplitudes. We demonstrate a scaling of the spectral density with frequency of S ∼ 1/f^2, or red noise, to describe the dynamics. This scaling is independent of the flow rate of the fluids or the fraction of the flow taken by water. This red, or Brownian, noise indicates a stochastic process where pressure fluctuations are seen throughout the pore space, resulting in intermittent filling of pores over a wide range of time-scales, from seconds to minutes in these experiments. This observation will aid future modelling of subsurface flow as it suggests self-organised critically of the system with no characteristic time or length scale.
Understanding process controls on groundwater recharge variability across Africa through recharge landscapes
Authors: West Charles , Rosolem Rafael , MacDonald Alan , Cuthbert Mark , Wagener Thorsten
Published: December 2021

Groundwater is critical in supporting current and future reliable water supply throughout Africa. Although continental maps of groundwater storage and recharge have been developed, we currently lack a clear understanding on how the controls on groundwater recharge vary across the entire continent. Reviewing the existing literature, we synthesize information on reported groundwater recharge controls in Africa. We find that 15 out of 22 of these controls can be characterised using global datasets. We develop 11 descriptors of climatic, topographic, vegetation, soil and geologic properties using global datasets, to characterise groundwater recharge controls in Africa. These descriptors cluster Africa into 15 Recharge Landscape Units for which we expect recharge controls to be similar. Over 80% of the continents land area is organized by just nine of these units. We also find that aggregating the Units by similarity into four broader Recharge Landscapes (Desert, Dryland, Wet tropical and Wet tropical forest) provides a suitable level of landscape organisation to explain differences in ground-based long-term mean annual recharge and recharge ratio estimates. Furthermore, wetter Recharge Landscapes are more efficient in converting rainfall to recharge than drier Recharge Landscapes as well as having higher annual recharge rates. In Dryland Recharge Landscapes, we found that annual recharge rates largely varied according to mean annual precipitation, whereas recharge ratio estimates increase with increasing monthly variability in P-PET. However, we were unable to explain why ground-based estimates of recharge signatures vary across other Recharge Landscapes, in which there are fewer ground-based recharge estimates, using global datasets alone. Even in dryland regions, there is still considerable unexplained variability in the estimates of annual recharge and recharge ratio, stressing the limitations of global datasets for investigating ground-based information.
Imagery agnosia and its phenomenology
Authors: Duch Wlodzislaw
Published: December 2021

Lack of vivid sensory imagery has recently become an active subject of research, under the name of aphantasia. Extremely vivid imagery, or hyperphantasia, is at the other end of the spectrum of individual differences. While most research has focused on visual imagery in this paper I argue that from a neuropsychological perspective this phenomenon is much more widespread, and should be categorized as imagery sensory agnosia. After over twenty years of learning to play music phenomenology of auditory imagery agnosia is described from the first-person perspective. Reflections on other forms of imagery agnosia and deficits of autobiographical memories are presented and a hypothesis about putative brain processes that can account for such phenomena is discussed. Extreme individual differences in imagery and in autobiographical memory have implications for many fields of study, from consciousness research to education.
What's the point? Infants' and adults' perception of different pointing gestures
Authors: Ger Ebru , Wermelinger Stephanie , de Ven Maxine , Daum Moritz M.
Published: December 2021

Adults and infants as young as 4 months old follow pointing gestures. Although adults are shown to orient faster to index-finger pointing compared to other hand shapes, it is not known whether hand shapes influence infants' following of pointing. In this study, we used a spatial cueing paradigm on an eye tracker to investigate whether and to what extent adults and 12-month-old infants orient their attention in the direction of pointing gestures with different hand shapes: index finger, whole hand, and pinky finger. Results revealed that adults showed a cueing effect, that is, shorter saccadic reaction times (SRTs) to congruent compared to incongruent targets, for all hand shapes. However, they did not show a larger cueing effect triggered by the index finger. This contradicts previous findings and is discussed with respect to the differences in methodology. Infants showed a cueing effect only for the whole hand but not for the index finger or the pinky finger. Infants predominantly point with the whole hand prior to 12 months. The current results thus suggest that infants' perception of pointing gestures may be linked to their own production of pointing gestures. Infants may show a cueing effect by the conventional index-finger pointing shape later than their first year, possibly when they start to point predominantly with their index finger.
The Future of Sustainable Development and Agrobiodiversity in Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Kozicka Marta , Enahoro Dolapo , Groot Jeroen C.J. , Rich Karl M. , Gotor Elisabetta
Published: December 2021

This document is part of a series of short papers on “The Future of X”, produced as part of foresight-related research supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets, and edited by Keith Wiebe (IFPRI) and Steven Prager (Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT). These short papers are intended to provide a focused, forward-looking perspective on key issues to support discussion on food, land, and water systems transformation. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft.This is an accepted version presented as a pre-print. It is currently undergoing final revision, editing, and production. A final version will be made available at http://foresight.cgiar.org.
Using Decagon EC-5sensors for monitoring soil moisture
Authors: Shaporina N. A. , Sayb E. A.
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study. To assess the possibilities of using the Decagon EC-5 sensor in research practice, especially under the conditions of its stationary installation; and to study with its help the dynamics of soil profile moistening and moisture migration under different weather conditions.

Location and time of the study. The study was carried out on the territory of the Ust-Kamensky (forest-steppe) research station of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (55.005507 N, 83.858635 E). The object of the study was the dark gray forest soil (Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozem). Five Decagon EC-5 sensors were installed at 9, 13, 18, 22 and 27cm depths in a small (30cm deep) soil pit and connected to the Em50 recorder. The necessary calibration was carried out beforehand. The sensors functioned from June 13 to July 7, 2017.

Main results. The study showed that this device is suitable for a wide range of applications. According to the sensor readings, it was possible to trace the migration of moisture within the soil profile, as well as to differentiate it into gravitational and capillary water, as well as to establish the fact of precipitation with an accuracy of an hour and to calculate the precipitated amount. Statistical analysis of the obtained data showed low values of data variance and the coefficient of variation, which indicated high data homogeneity. The use of these sensors can improve the traditional flood method for determining the maximum soil water holding capacity. Moreover, detailed recording of soil moisture, provided by Decagon EC-5 sensors, in combination with Thermochron sensors for soil temperature recording, allows to study quantitative indicators of thermal gradient moisture flux at a new level.

Conclusions. The study showed that Decagon EC-5 sensors comply with their technical specification and have good prospects for usage both in research and agricultural production. Provided its preliminary calibration and producing the calibration curves for the studied soils, the sensors allow quick and accurate measurement of the soil volumetric moisture content. The frequency and rate of sensor readings takes research on the dynamics and migration of moisture in soils to an entirely new level.
Rhetorical Culture and Brand Slogan: An Analysis of the Slogans of all Commercial Banks from Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Yog Raj
Published: December 2021

Rhetoric is the artful deviation of information and ideas. It is commonly utilized in different forms of advertising. In this context, the study has examined how rhetorical devices are employed in the brand slogans of the 28 commercial banks in Nepal. To achieve their dominant theme there, it identifies and categorizes the devices following the taxonomy developed by James H. Leigh. The framework divides such figures of speech into 41 types under 2 major categories schemes and tropes. The finding from this descriptive analysis and has indicated that music, memory, association, emphasis, emotion and exaggeration are some popular constructs for designing the slogans. Moreover, Nepali private commercial banks seem more successful in utilizing such strategies as they have applied maximum rhetorical devices in comparison to foreign joint -venture and governmental banks. In this trajectory, foreign joint-venture banks have an international brand in the name itself, governmental banks can communicate with customers being people's banks and private banks appear smart in incorporating maximum wordplays in the slogans to play with the sentiment of the audience influencing them. The study simultaneously contributes to both the fields of creative writing and marketing communication literary world and marketing sector updating the current awareness about rhetorical culture. The study has only included the slogans of commercial banks from Nepal, but the comparative study between the slogans of all the banks from Nepal and the banks' slogans from other countries may reflect a clearer picture regarding rhetorical culture.
Opieka specjalistyczna w obliczu kryzysu suicydalnego dzieci
Authors: Wrona Marta
Published: December 2021

Samobójstwa stanowią drugą po wypadkach samochodowych przyczynę zgonów wśród dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce. Prawo krajowe i system opieki zdrowia nie są do tego przygotowane. W artykule na podstawie badań własnych z lat 2019–2021 autorka ukazała na przykładzie m.st. Warszawy główne problemy opieki specjalistycznej (ze strony szkoły, poradni psychologiczno-pedagogicznych, szpitali i oddziałów psychiatrycznych dla dzieci) w sytuacji kryzysu suicydalnego dzieci. Trudności te stanowią dobry wstęp do dyskusji publicznej i zmian w zakresie pomocy interwencyjnej, także w Polsce. W artykule przedstawiono wnioski z badań i rekomendacje działań wspierających system, które stworzone zostały na podstawie opinii specjalistów pracujących z dziećmi i z młodzieżą w Warszawie oraz rodziców dzieci w kryzysie psychicznym (szczególnie doświadczających depresji, mających myśli samobójcze i będących po próbach samobójczych).
Wpływ alienacji rodzicielskiej na kondycję psychiczną dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce w sytuacji rozpadu rodziny
Authors: Szenkowski Dariusz
Published: December 2021

Autor przedstawił główne przyczyny alienacji rodzicielskiej w Polsce, do których zaliczył przyczynę osobową, związaną z dysfunkcją czy niedojrzałością rodzicielską jednego z rodziców. Taki rodzic-alienator, często przy pomocy swojej rodziny i innych osób, manipuluje całą strukturą psychiczną dziecka, głównie jego emocjami, uczuciami, potrzebami, lękami, by przedstawić drugiego rodzica jako swoiste „zagrożenie” dla dziecka, co zaburza świat psychiczny i emocjonalny młodego człowieka. Dodatkowo w tym celu, poza psychomanipulacją, która jest najczęściej stosowana, rodzic-alienator utrudnia bądź uniemożliwia dziecku wszelki kontakt z drugim rodzicem i całą jego rodziną, by w ten sposób uczynić siebie „głównym światem” w życiu dziecka, zapewniającym mu „najbezpieczniejsze i szczęśliwe życie”, co utrwala w młodym człowieku podporządkowanie i jego zależność od rodzica-alienatora. Skutkiem takiego oddziaływania są zaburzenia w rozwoju emocjonalnym oraz psychicznym dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce, nierzadko prowadzące do samookaleczania, zwłaszcza przez starsze dzieci, a w skrajnych przypadkach do prób samobójczych starszych dzieci i czasem drugiego, izolowanego rodzica. Również i polski system prawa rodzinnego wspomaga zjawisko alienacji rodzicielskiej, co potwierdziła zarówno analiza przepisów prawa, jak i sam sąd rodzinny.
Поиск дома и «собачий» топоним в прозе Дины Рубиной
Authors: Shafranskaya Eleonora
Published: December 2021

W artykule analizie został poddany motyw domu, jeden z głównych w prozie Diny Rubiny, a dokładniej motyw poszukiwania domu, posiadający wyraźny  geograficzny wektor — z Taszkientu do Moskwy, i dalej do Izraela. Owo poszukiwanie — początkowo podświadome, potem w pełni uświadomione —żydowskiego domu znajduje swój wyraz nie tyle w formie materialnej, co mentalnej. W artykule omówiono również kulturowo-mitologiczny kontekst toponimu Roczna suka i jego tragiczną rolę w losie bohaterki powieści Oto idzie Mesjasz!
Imiona pochodzenia hebrajskiego w rosyjskich i polskich przysłowiach i powiedzeniach
Authors: Walczak Maciej
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the analysis of the Russian and Polish paremiological units which in their structure contain the first names of Hebrew origin. Upon the proper idiom material the author shows their diversity both in the morphological and word-formative respect especially in Russian language with a high frequency of hypocoristic derivatives. The other respect is of functional and semantic character and it is reflected in the wide topical spectrum of proverbs containing Hebrew first names. Those proverbs describe not only a human beings’ character but also his behaviour, the phenomena of nature, extra-linguistic situations, customs and rituals.
Siergiej Lozow: Idea narodowa a chrześcijaństwo. Esej w dwóch częściach
Authors: Kisiel Marian
Published: December 2021

Litteraria
«Наше дело нажимать, не давать успокоиться, продолжать бескомпромиссную борьбу против существующего зла». Переписка Юлия Марголина и Марка Вишняка. Часть 1
Authors: Khazan Vladimir
Published: December 2021

Celem publikacji korespondencji Marka Wiszniaka (1883–1976) — rosyjskiego historyka, publicysty, pamiętnikarza, działacza społeczno-politycznego, prominentnego członka partii eserów i sekretarza zlikwidowanej przez bolszewików Konstytuanty z Julijem Margolinem (1900–1974) — dziennikarzem, pisarzem, poetą, filozofem politycznym, krytykiem literackim, antykomunistą i zagorzałym przeciwnikiem totalitaryzmów jest: a) poszerzenie wiedzy na temat ich indywidualnych toposów biograficznych i powiązania ich z wydarzeniami „wielkiej” historii; b) wykazanie ścisłego związku rosyjskojęzycznej kultury Izraela ze światową żydowską diasporą emigrantów rosyjskich; c) dobitne podkreślenie faktu, że istniejąca najpierw w Palestynie, a następnie w Izraelu rosyjskojęzyczna literatura stanowi nieodłączną część ogólnoświatowego zjawiska literackiego, zwanego Russia Abroad.
PET – A Problem on a Global Scale
Authors: Niewdana Agnieszka , Kapkowski Maciej
Published: December 2021

We deal with plastics on a daily basis. The reason for this is the wide range of their application. We surround ourselves with them in our homes and workplaces; they are used in many industries, but also in everyday life. Versatility and ease of use are their characteristic properties. Nowadays, the challenge is to be able to reuse the materials intended for disposal, i.e. to recycle them. Researchers from the Institute of Chemistry of the University at Silesia in Katowice are investigating these possibilities.
Plants Bravely Fighting Metals
Authors: Sztuka Maria , Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska Monika
Published: December 2021

Silesia, i.e. the region of Poland which roughly dozen years ago was the most powerful industrial center in the country, is still struggling with residues of heavy metals, which are still present in the soil, water, mine waste dumps, and in the air – despite the fact that the number of polluting plants has been reduced and the use of appropriate filters, measures that have admittedly limited the emission of harmful substances into the environment, has been made obligatory. Metals will not disappear on their own; they are assimilated by plants, which animals feed on, and thus the “uninvited guests” are passed on. Humans are not spared by metals as well. The bare post-mining and post-production landfills around which housing estates are erected “endow” their residents with toxic dust. It turns out, however, that there are plant species which attach themselves to polluted areas and only exist where the concentration of heavy metals is high.
Mechanical Energy at the Service of Ecology
Authors: Płosa Tomasz , Chorążewski Mirosław
Published: December 2021

When traveling by car, we usually do not realize that shock absorbers are largely responsible for our driving comfort. However, after a while we realize that they no longer fulfill their basic purpose, which is to absorb and dissipate the mechanical vibrations generated while driving. But what if we changed the approach and instead of dispersing unwanted vibrations, tried to use them and thus increase the car’s energy efficiency?
Równość systemów prawnych w polskim prawie prywatnym międzynarodowym: iluzja czy rzeczywistość?
Authors: Poczobut Jerzy
Published: December 2021

The paper answers one of fundamental questions for the Polish private international law (narrowly understood): is the principle of equal treatment all legal systems in this law illusion or reality? Achievement of the intended goal needed investigation of following issues, which related to this principle: genesis and theoretical basis, content and indications, deviations, domestic legislative tendency and views in domestic doctrine. Considerations included in the paper confirmed the existence of the principle of equal treatment all legal systems in the Polish private international law. However the realization of this principle is not fully satisfied and needs certain improvements.
Смерть в географии, или память похоронена в земле («Предел забвения» Сергея Лебедева)
Authors: Zilborowicz Bożena Zoja
Published: December 2021

Цель статьи - анализ топографии романа С. Лебедева "Предел забвения", понимаемой как цельная система природных компонентов, актуализирующих вопрос о заброшенном и забытом постсуществовании советских лагерей. Природа представляется как разрушительная стихия, превращающая Гулаговскую Атлантиду в мир абстрактных смертей, лишенных культурно-общественного значения.  Природный ландшафт не является носителем исторической памяти, напротив - это свидетель, молчание которого ставит под вопрос само существование Гулага как места преступления.
Типология образов фронтовичек в фильме «Дылда» Кантемира Балагова
Authors: Kuhn Michael , Jawor Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

В данной статье при помощи описательно-функционального и сравнительно-сопоставительного методов анализируются и сопоставляются друг с другом две главные героини фильма Дылда (2019) российского режиссера Кантемира Балагова – молодые фронтовички Ия и Маша, стремящиеся начать мирную жизнь в постблокадном Ленинграде. Образ каждой героини рассмотрен по отдельным категориям с перспективы антропологии и психологии – Внешний вид, Одежда, Характер, Любовь, Дети, Травма, Война и мирная жизнь. Сопоставление совершенно разных, но при этом очень близких подруг, позволяют провести параллель с концепцией из китайской философии инь и ян и подвергнуть персонажей первой подобной типологии в научной литературе. Проведенный анализ помогает прийти к выводам о настоящем и будущем героинь: послевоенная жизнь оказывается для фронтовичек порой сложнее, чем военная.
Existential Definition at the End of the American Road
Authors: Ward James J
Published: December 2021

This article discusses three films that helped landmark American cinema in the 1970s. Although differing in inception and reception, all three belong loosely to the genre of the road movie and are linked by protagonists whose stances of rebellion and alienation were characteristic of the counterculture of the 1970s and by the broader theme of existential self-definition that still influences moviemaking today. A critical and commercial failure on its release in 1970, Michelangelo Antonioni’s Zabriskie Point has been revalorized as an ambitious attempt to represent the political and cultural conflicts that seemed to be fracturing American society at the time. In contrast, Richard Sarafian’s Vanishing Point soon overcame the disadvantage of studio disinterest and established itself as a cult favorite. Arguably the definitive anti-hero of 1970s cinema, the amphetamine-fueled renegade driver played by Barry Newman achieves iconic stature through an act of defiant self-destruction that still leaves viewers of the film stunned. Finally, Clint Eastwood’s The Gauntlet, in which the actor-director breaks with his ‘Dirty Harry’ persona to depict a burned-out cop who redeems a ruined career, and enables himself a new start, not by making his own law but by enforcing the law on the books, and against all odds. In all three films, the still unspoiled landscape of the American Southwest, crisscrossed by its skein of highways, provides the tableau for escapist fantasies that may in fact be real, for high-speed chases and automotive acrobatics that defy the laws of physics, and for vignettes of an ‘outsider’ way of life that was already beginning to perish.
RIAS Editorial Policy / Stylesheet
Authors: Editors RIAS
Published: December 2021

Information concerning the RIAS policy and formatting instructions for potential contributors to the journal.
A Road Course in Early American Literature: Travel and Teaching from Aztlán to Amherst  by Thomas Hallock (A Book Review)
Authors: Racine Nathaniel R.
Published: December 2021

Nathaniel R. Racine's review of A Road Course in Early American Literature: Travel and Teaching from Aztlán to Amherst by Thomas Hallock.
Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century by Jessica Bruder (A Book Review)
Authors: Pająk Natalia
Published: December 2021

Natalia Pająk's review of Jessica Bruder's Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century