bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zajedničko ulaganje (joint venture) i tržišna konkurencija / Joint Venture and Market Competition
Authors: Bogojević Aleksandar
Published: November 2017

In modern business of the business entities, on the EU market, as well as on the other national markets, it is joint venture is increasingly used as a form of joining of business entities. For a competition law basic question is an effect on the market competition of this joining of the business entities. The effects made by joint ventures on market competition may be positive, which is the case with the invention, the availability of new technologies, increasing of the efficiency, new products etc., or negative, which is the case with market separation or closing of the market for new participants. In European competition law there is an opinion that there is greater possibility of the negative effects on market competition when real or potential competitors make joint venture. Authority for protection of competition on two basis can evaluate joint venture. The first base is joint venture, which is evaluated as concentration of the business entities, and the second base is joint venture, which is evaluated as an agreement between business entities. This paper shall elaborate both basis, paying special attention on its demarcation, as well as the effects they have on market competition. In addition, the paper shall show and explain the most common modalities of the joint venture agreements, and point out their differences between them.
Protective Measures in Misdemeanor Legislations of the Republic of Srpska and Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina // Zaštitne mjere u prekršajnom zakonodavstvu Republike Srpske i Bosne i Hercegovine
Authors: Mitrović Ljubinko , Kuprešanin Jelena
Published: November 2017

Protective measures (in criminal law referred to as security measures) constitute a special category of misdemeanor sanctions to remedy circumstances or situations which could lead the perpetrator to repeat misdemeanor offences. This special and preventive purpose of these measures is implemented by elimination of states (primarily psychological, such as, for instance drug or alcohol addiction) or conditions (primarily objective ones, for instance, presence at sports events) that favor perpetration of offences. Law on Misdemeanor Offences of Republika Srpska adopted in 2014 foresees the following protective measures: 1. seizure of items, 2. Prohibition to practice a profession, business activity or duty, 3. Suspension of driver’s license, 4. Mandatory alcohol and psychoactive substance addiction treatment, 5. Mandatory psychiatric treatment, 6. ban from attending the certain sports events 7. ban from keeping and seizure of animals.In addition to the listed protective measures, some pieces of legislation dealing with misdemeanor offences can foresee some additional or other types of protective measures. This paper deals with these protective measures in more detail.
Some Concerning Questions About Assessment and Disclosure of Subject Matter Jurisdiction of Civil and Commercial Courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina // Neka sporna pitanja u vezi ocjene i razgraničenja stvarne nadležnosti građanskih i privrednih sudova u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Stanišić Slobodan
Published: November 2017

When assessing jurisdiction in civil and commercial disputes, a considerable number of courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina is based solely of personal criteria (competentia ratione personae), by basing its decision only on the circumstances that led to a concrete dispute between specific categories of subjects of law, neglecting the causal criterion (competentia ratione causa), which is prescribed by the legislature, without which can not properly assess and delineate the subject matter jurisdiction of civil and commercial courts in each case.
Subsidiary Imprisonment in Criminal and Misdemeanor Law of Serbia // Supletorni zatvor u krivičnom i prekršajnom pravu Srbije
Authors: Jovašević Dragan , Simović Marina
Published: November 2017

In a criminal (criminal and misdemeanor) law the right to deprivation of liberty of movement of another person - a perpetrator of a criminal offense - based on a decision of the court for a specified period of time is a type of criminal sanction of institutional character (whether it is punishment, security measure or educational measure). However, criminal law knows the so-called special forms of law-based deprivations of liberty, which do not represent the type and measure of criminal sanctions. These are, in fact, forms of deprivation of liberty that represent the substitute for the other previously imposed, entirely or partly, unpaid penalties - fine, driving license revocation or work in the public interest. This Paper deals with the concept, type and characteristics of the subsidiary imprisonment in positive criminal law of the Republic of Serbia.
Requirements of the Principle of Legality in the Field of Taxation // Zahtjevi principa zakonitosti u oblasti poreza
Authors: Drljača Zorica , Orešković Ljiljana
Published: November 2017

The principle of legality of taxation is among the greatest rule of law, which not only provides protection against the arbitrariness of the authorities, but also, in a political sense, ensures the legal certainty of citizens, their rights and freedoms. The legal meaning of the principle of legality of taxation manifests in the establishment of taxes and the determination of the important tax components, tax rate interpretations, determination of taxes and the prohibition of the retroactive effects of tax laws. The very complexity of tax matters requires that certain questions regarding the entire process of taxation are further regulated by subordinate legislation, which is, on the basis of legal authorization, left to the executive authority or the government, the ministry of finance, the tax authorities, and in some particular cases to the local governments. However, subordinate legislation, such as decrees, regulations, instructions and decisions can only have a subsidiary character of the legislation in terms of the elaboration of legal provisions and shall be made when there is a specific authorization by tax law. Whether the principle of legality is violated by some regulation or not is decided in each specific case in a constitutional dispute by constitutional court, which evaluates whether the subordinate tax regulations set to taxpayers some new requirements that are not determined by tax law.
Existence of the Sufficient Evidence of the Guilt as a Condition for Accepting a Plea Bargain // Dovoljno dokaza o krivici kao uslov za prihvatanje sporazuma o priznanju krivice
Authors: Janković Radenko
Published: November 2017

There is no one criminal procedure legislation which accepts the plea bargain in which it is not under the control of the court. In order to be accepted by a court, it has to meet certain conditions. Those conditions are always more or less expressly provided. The law on criminal procedure effective in Bosnia and Herzegovina specifically provide conditions which a plea bargain has to meet in order to be accepted by a court Those conditions are always more or less expressly provided. The issue of the conditions which a plea bargain has to meet in order to be accepted by a court. The issue of the conditions which a plea bargain has to meet in order to be accepted is one of its most important questions. A special place among them belongs to the condition which is generally accepted and under which required that the evidence submitted with a plea bargain has to meet certain standards regarding the quality and quantity. There is no criminal procedure legislation which is the admission of the guilt by the defendant in a plea bargain is enough without any other evidence. In the criminal procedure legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina this condition is established as the existence of the sufficient evidence ot the guilty of the defendant. The question when this condition is met is tried to be answered in this paper.
НЕХАТНО САИЗВРШИЛАШТВО У САВРЕМЕНОМ КРИВИЧНОМ ПРАВУ
Authors: Васиљевић Драгана
Published: November 2017

Класична концепција разматрања саизвршилаштва полази од чињенице да су у питању дјелатности које у својој основи имају заједничку одлуку и план о извршењу кривичног дјела, што опет имплицира умишљајно дјеловање на страни (са)извршилаца. Међутим, не треба занемарити чињеницу да нису усамљена нити мишљења, а нити ни савремена законска рјешења према којима је могуће нехатно (са)извршилачко учешће. Посљедње уосталом потврђује редовна одговорност саизвршиоца у оквиру свога умишљаја или нехата. Нехатна констелација саизвршилаштва је постављена на нешто другачијим основама, нужно уважавајући особености присутног елемента кривице. Наиме, да би се признало нехатно саизвршилаштво, саизвршиоце треба да обавезује објективно једнака дужна пажња, затим они треба да заједнички поступају супротно њиховој дужној пажњи, и на крају, постављени захтјеви за дужном пажњом треба подједнако да се односе на сва лица која учествују у (са)извршењу кривичног дјела. Аутор у раду пажњу посвећује фундаменталним догматским основама конструкције нехатног саизвршилаштва и уједно анализира теоријске аргументе pro et contra ове конструкције.
ПОВРЕДА ПРАВА НА ФИЗИЧКИ ИНТЕГРИТЕТ НЕЗАКОНИТИМ ИЛИ НЕПРАВИЛНИМ РАДОМ ДРЖАВНИХ ОРГАНА
Authors: Јотановић Раденко
Published: November 2017

Права личности представљају неимовински дио грађанског права. У нашем праву права личности се изучавају у оквиру материје о објектима грађанског права. Разликовање између субјеката и објеката права личности се врши на начин да се субјектом права сматра личност човјека као цјелина, а објекат права су поједина својства (дијелови) од којих се састоји личност као цјелина. Немају сва права личности исти значај за своје титуларе, већ су нека од њих значајнија, а нека мањег значаја и зависна од ових првих. Она најзначајнија права из општег појма права личности имају заједнички назив „право на физички интегритет“. Правни однос између појединих права на физички интегритет и субјеката права личности може се сагледати са аспекта односа према држави,односа према другим субјектима и односа према самом себи. Један од случајева у којима може доћи до повреде права на физички интегритет јесте и незаконити или неправилни рад државних органа.
ПРОБЛЕМ ИДЕНТИФИКОВАЊА УПРАВНИХ УГОВОРА У ФРАНЦУСКОМ ПРАВУ
Authors: Миљић Дражен
Published: November 2017

Управни уговор представља савремени облик управног дјеловања којим се задовољавају потребе од јавног интереса. У упоредном праву ужива репутацију института који ријешава управне проблеме који се, између осталог, огледају у недостатку новчаних, кадровских и стручних ресурса за обављање текућих административних задатака. Ипак, његова улога ни данас није прецизно одређена. У свом профилисању овај институт се суочавао са многим оспоравањима која до данас нису занемарена. У упоредном праву не постоји сагласност око конститутивних елемената овог правног института. Стога, овај рад указује на неке проблеме који се јављају у француском праву приликом његовог препознавања.
МАНДАТ И ОСТАЛИ ВИДОВИ ЗАСТУПАЊА У РИМСКОМ ПРАВУ
Authors: Мишкић Мирјана
Published: November 2017

У романистици се немогућност заступања интереса других лица (alteri stipulari nemo potest) наводи као један од аксиома римског приватног права. Да ли су правни послови alieno nomine agere заиста били по цивилном праву неодрживи или су постојали посредни начини заступања интереса других лица? Мандат као институт ius gentium је примјер посредног заступања у римском праву али поред мандата постоје и други институти, како цивилног, тако и преторског права који имају ефекте заступања. Услужни послови нису ријеткост у римском праву и треба их тумачити у складу са аутентичним римским контекстом, да би се увидјела њихова права суштина.
ЈАВНО-ПРИВАТНО ПАРНЕРСТВО КАО ОКВИР УСКЛАЂИВАЊА ЈАВНОГ И ПРИВАТНОГ ИНТЕРЕСА: МЕТОДОЛОШКА РАЗМАТРАЊА
Authors: Цветковић Предраг
Published: November 2017

Усклађивање јавног и приватног сектора засно-вано је на претпоставкама које условљавају примену одређенихметодолошких приступа. У структури одрживог баланса јавноги приватног интереса у оквиру ЈПП-а постоје две компоненте:статичка и динамичка. Статичка компонента огледа се у поли-тичкој сензитивности пројекта и потреби да својим циљевима,обимом, ангажованим субјектима и општом перцепцијом у јавно-сти, пројекат буде у складу са правнополитичким и економскимприоритетима јавног актера. Динамичка компонента балансајавног и приватног интереса, пак, огледа се у потреби њиховог
КОДИФИКОВАЊЕ ГРАЂАНСКОГ ПРАВА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРПСКОЈ
Authors: Мораит Бранко
Published: November 2017

У раду се обрађује питање кодификовања грађан-ског права на подручју Републике Српске. Аутор слиједи препору-ке и закључке упућене члановима Удружења правника Републикесрпске на Деветим октобарским правничким данима о подстицајуразмишљањима која иду у правцу реализације идеје кодификовањаграђанског права. У раду се обрађују услови, принципи и стратеш-ка опредјељења која би редактори будућег преднацрта кодифика-ције требали слиједити у своме раду.
THE CAPITAL PRICE INFLUENCING FACTORS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA
Authors: Serdar Tajana , Sredić Dijana
Published: November 2017

Focus of the paper is on the capital price in the Republic of Srpska, which is composed of the price of shareholder capital and the price of debt. The purpose of the research is to compare the capital price before and after beginning of the financial crisis, that corresponds to the comparison of the interest rates levels before and after the establishment of development funds. The two hypotheses are going to be proven. The first one is that market share of developing funds has a tendency of increasing as the growth rate of the country is decreasing. The second hypothesis is that with introducing the development funds the average interest rate decreases and furthermore the lowest interest rate boundary in the economy is moved down. In conclusion, we are going to display the results of proving hypothesis and give the overview of loans conditions and capital price structure in the country.
КОНЦЕПТУАЛНИ ОКВИР ЗА КРЕИРАЊЕ СТРАТЕГИЈЕ ОДРЖИВОГ РАСТА СЛОЖЕНОГ ПРЕДУЗЕЋА
Authors: Лазаревић Момир Р.
Published: November 2017

По својој сложености, разноврсности и проблемима, велико, диверзификовано предузеће је „привреда у малом“, те управљање његовим пословањем укључује софистициран и разноврстан фонд управљачких знања. Треба ускладити мотиве, правце и методе развојног пословања са границама економског, управљачког, финансијског, технолошког и тржишног оптимума. Све то извести ефективно уз капитализовање видљивих и невидљивих импулса из окружења. Отуда је сваки помак у унапређивању управљања развојним пословањем вриједан пажње и као такав, може бити од користи за развој пословне и макроекономије. У опису великих и сложених предузећа користе се изрази као што су: мегакомпанија, полиглотска, октопод органи-зација, транснационално и интернационално предузеће, те ово истраживање може бити од велике користи и за науку и пословну праксу управо у домену развоја и интеграције микро и макро, те афирмацији оптике друштвене и етичке одговорности савременог бизниса.
COMPETITION COUNCIL AS PART OF ECONOMIC POLICY, COMPETITION AND REGULATION IN BIH
Authors: Rebić Mladen , Nerić Bojan
Published: November 2017

In this paper we pay special attentionto antitrust authority as the main regulatory bodywhose main task is to maintain healthy competition -structures in BiH. Given that the Competition Councilof Bosnia and Herzegovina was established relativelylate, compared to the surrounding countries, thelogical question is whether the antitrust body BiH wasable to monitor all the activities and events in theregion, the EU, and the world. It is a known fact thatone of the main conditions for EU accession isexistence of effective and fully operational regulatorybody in the field of competition. To what extent haveCompetition Council and Bosnia and Herzegovinacontributed to the fulfillment of this condition imposedby the EU? What are the previous results of theCompetition Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina? Wewill try to provide the answers to these questions inthis paper. The first part is based on introducing antimonopolybodies in BiH, as well as its basic tasks androles. The second part relates to the definition of theCompetition Act which is in force in Bosnia andHerzegovina, while the third part is devoted toanalysis of the business of the Competition Council inBiH. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to point out thesignificance of the existence and application of theCompetition Act, and the Competition Council, whichare, in the opinion of relevant experts, the key toimproving competition in the and Bosnia andHerzegovina.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH AND MODEL ANALYSIS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF TOURIST TRENDS
Authors: Šerić Neven , Jurišić Marijana
Published: November 2017

The draw and diversity of the destination’s offer is an antecedent of the tourism visits growth. The destination supply differentiation is carried through new, specialised tourism products. The usual approach consists of forming specialised tourism products in accordance with the existing tourism destination image. Another approach, prevalent in practice of developed tourism destinations is based on innovating the destination supply through accordance with the global tourism trends. For this particular purpose, it is advisable to choose a monitoring and analysis method of tourism trends. The goal is to determine actual trends governing target markets, differentiating whims from trends during the tourism preseason. When considering the return on investment, modifying the destination’s tourism offer on the basis of a tourism whim is a risky endeavour, indeed. Adapting the destination’s supply to tourism whims can result in a shifted image, one that is unable to ensure a long term interest and tourist vacation growth. With regard to tourism trend research and based on the research conducted, an advisable model for evaluating tourism phenomena is proposed, one that determines whether tourism phenomena is a tourism trend or a tourism whim.
QUALITY ENHANCEMENT THROUGH DETERMINING THE GAP BETWEEN THE EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS: eMPIRICA COLLEGE CASE STUDY
Authors: Puška Adis , Ejubović Adisa
Published: November 2017

Increased competition present in the higher education in BiH has conditioned the trend that institutions need to “fight” for each student through quality development at higher education institutions. This paper deals with means of enhancing quality at eMPIRICA College through continual investigation of students’ satisfaction.For the purpose of this research, we used a questionnaire with 26 statements on quality at the higher education institution, which were grouped in four quality dimensions using factor analysis. In addition, satisfaction and loyalty of students were measured where we compared students’ expectations and perceptions at the beginning and end of the academic year. Thus, a gap in the quality of education services at eMPIRICA was noted, as well as the gap in regards to satisfaction and loyalty.Using MANOVA it has been ascertained that there is a significant statistical difference between expected and perceived quality on the part of the students throughout all quality dimensions as well as in terms of students’ loyalty, and there is no significant statistical difference in satisfaction of students. Using ANOVA it has been deduced that with specific statements there are significant statistical differences in satisfaction and loyalty of students, while using t-test we observed a difference between arithmetic means of expected and perceived quality in all quality statements.
THE INFLUENCE OF RAPID GROWTH OF CHINA TO EXCHANGE RELATIONS WITH THE EU
Authors: Kovačević Slaviša , Bojić Dijana
Published: November 2017

In order to overcome the disadvantages of the existing two types of economic systems - the socialism and capitalism, there was a need to find a system that will use the positive aspects of both systems. Оne country succeeds more than successfully to combine bases of the centrally planned and market system. Socialism in the Chinese style, as it is called by Gregory and Stuart proved to be a successful practical example of the market socialism. After the implementation of China's reforms, they have kept a one-party system and state ownership, but have accepted the market allocation of resources. In the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese economy is voluntarily classified as a socialist market economy. That China is more than a successful example of market socialism, is shown by the remarkable growth rates and the unprecedented progress of the country in the last thirty years.Reforms have enabled the opening of China to foreign trade, which before 1978 was almost non-existent. After the establishment of the first diplomatic relations with the EU, in 1985 the Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation EEC and China was signed, which officially begins establishing bilateral trade relations. Special importance for the progress of trade relations is China's entry into WTO in 2001, and the signing of the strategic partnership of the EU and China in 2003. The volume of trade between the two economies is growing steadily, and the main characteristics of their trade relations is a continuous deficit which the EU has realized in the exchange with China. Although the European Union is the largest trading partner of China, and China is the second trading partner of the EU, differences and difficulties in the field of trade still exist.
INFLUENCE OF THE CEFTA 2006 AGREEMENT ON BIH ECONOMY
Authors: Kovač Helena
Published: November 2017

For the countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are dependent of foreign trade because of their size and open economy, involvement in the process of regional cooperation and integration is a condition without which the further progress is not possible. Commitment of Bosnia and Herzegovina is to be a part of the Europan Union. A regional associating of countries in the region and making of  free trade area such as CEFTA 2006, is creation of prerequisites for accomplishment of criteria which are imperative to accession of one country to the Europan Union. This agreement which establishes new and modern trade rules and defines questions of liberalization of services, investments, public procurement and intellectual properties, is meant to ensure for the signatory country to make better results in the foreign trade and attract direct foreign investment through its consistent implementation. The capibility of a country to maximize benefits which are the result of  application of this agreement, represents a direct indicator of competence of the country, member of CEFTA, to participate in competition on the market of European Union.In order to confirm the main hypothesis that Bosnia  and Herzegovina did not have huge benefits of CEFTA 2006 Agreement, the following scientific methods are used: analysis and synthesis, comparative method, classification method, description, stastistical, historic method, specialization, approving methods, deductive and inductive, compilation, observing, abstraction and concretization. The research goal  is to determine and present the real result which comes out of this free trade zone and implications of exit of Croatia from CEFTA Agreement on economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
SOCIAL DISTORTION EFFECTS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Authors: Grahovac Dijana , Trivanović-Stojanović Mirjana
Published: November 2017

The paper presents the dynamics of inequalities in the distribution of wealth between countries at the global level as well as through an analysis of the Gini coefficient in a selected number of countries. Legality, created as a result of globalization and liberalization, has led to divisions in most societies into two narrow groups, ie. „at the top'' and ''others''. There is no more division into three layers of society – i.e. "top, middle and bottom''. On the other hand, this trend creates distortions in the economic and in the social field. This is expressed through the principle:  'the more money remains concentrated at the top, the bigger decrease in aggregate demand'. Consequently, total demand in the economy is lower than the supply, and it causes the growth of unemployment, which leads to a decline in consumption and demand. This process creates deflationary pressures and causes fluctuations in foreign exchange markets, creating the crisis. To prevent such a scenario and to recover the global economy, it is necessary to make the intervention and do the redistribution of wealth through fiscal and other economic measures.
The Furvela tent-trap Mk 1.1 for the collection of outdoor biting mosquitoes
Authors: Charlwood Jacques D. , Rowland Mark , Protopopoff Natacha , Le Clair Corey
Published: November 2017

Outdoor transmission of malaria and other vector borne diseases remains a problem. The WHO has recently recognized the need for suitable methods for assessing vector density outdoors and a number of tent-traps have been developed. Only one such trap, the Furvela tent-trap, does not require an ‘entry’ behavior on the part of the mosquito. It remains the cheapest and lightest tent-trap described. It takes less than two minutes to install and is the only trap that uses readily available components. Here we describe recent modifications to the trap, which make it even easier to set up in the field, provide a standard operating procedure (SOP) and describe some recent experiments examining the effect of the addition of light and door placement to working of the trap. The trap provides the closest approximation to CDC light-traps, widely used to collect indoor biting mosquitoes. This enables the effect of both indoor and outdoor interventions on mosquito density and behavior to be determined.
Fitness implications of sex-specific catch-up growth inNephila senegalensis, a spider with extreme reversed SSD
Authors: Neumann Rainer , Ruppel Nicole , Schneider Jutta M.
Published: November 2017

Background

Animal growth is often constrained by unfavourable conditions and divergences from optimal body size can be detrimental to an individual’s fitness, particularly in species with determinate growth and a narrow time-frame for life-time reproduction. Growth restriction in early juvenile stages can later be compensated by means of plastic developmental responses, such as adaptive catch-up growth (the compensation of growth deficits through delayed development). Although sex differences regarding the mode and degree of growth compensation have been coherently predicted from sex-specific fitness payoffs, inconsistent results imply a need for further research. We used the AfricanNephila senegalensis, representing an extreme case of female-biased sexual size dimorphism (SSD), to study fitness implications of sex-specific growth compensation. We predicted effective catch-up growth in early food-restricted females to result in full compensation of growth deficits and a life-time fecundity (LTF) equivalent to unrestricted females. Based on a stronger trade-off between size-related benefits and costs of a delayed maturation, we expected less effective catch-up growth in males.

Methods

We tracked the development of over one thousand spiders in different feeding treatments, e.g., comprising a fixed period of early low feeding conditions followed by unrestricted feeding conditions, permanent unrestricted feeding conditions, or permanent low feeding conditions as a control. In a second experimental section, we assessed female fitness by measuring LTF in a subset of females. In addition, we tested whether compensatory development affected the reproductive lifespan in both sexes and analysed genotype-by-treatment interactions as a potential cause of variation in life-history traits.

Results

Both sexes delayed maturation to counteract early growth restriction, but only females achieved full compensation of adult body size. Female catch-up growth resulted in equivalent LTF compared to unrestricted females. We found significant interactions between experimental treatments and sex as well as between treatments and family lineage, suggesting that family-specific responses contribute to the unusually large variation of life-history traits inNephilaspiders. Our feeding treatments had no effect on the reproductive lifespan in either sex.

Discussion

Our findings are in line with predictions of life-history theory and corroborate strong fecundity selection to result in full female growth compensation. Males showed incomplete growth compensation despite a delayed development, indicating relaxed selection on large size and a stronger trade-off between late maturation and size-related benefits. We suggest that moderate catch-up growth in males is still adaptive as a ‘bet-hedging’ strategy to disperse unavoidable costs between life-history traits affected by early growth restriction (the duration of development and adult size).
Acondicionamiento de reproductores y caracterización gonadal de Tawera gayi (Hupé, 1854) (Bivalva: Veneridae) bajo condiciones controladas de cultivo.
Authors: Trigo Paulina
Published: November 2017

El presente estudio describe el acondicionamiento de reproductores bajo sistema controlado del bivalvo Tawera gayi (Hupé, 1854), en el cual se caracterizó el estado de madurez gonadal en base a la presencia de células germinales masculinas y femeninas, estableciéndose su identificación mediante histología a través de microscopia óptica. Como metodología para el acondicionamiento se empleó  una bandeja de 15,31 L de volumen útil donde fueron mantenidos 100 ejemplares de T.gayi. El sistema se mantuvo con agua de mar a 29-30 ppm con recambio de agua cada 3 días a temperatura promedio de 16 -18 °C.  Con alimentación continua de una mezcla de microalgas de Isochrysis galbana y Chaetoceros muelleri. Los resultados obtenidos, ponen en manifiesto que  Tawera es una especie dioica, sin dimorfismo sexual. Presenta fecundación externa, con un ciclo reproductivo continuo, asincrónico y sin reposo gonadal. Durante las primeras semanas de aclimatación los machos presentaron 100% de madurez máxima, mientras que las hembras demostraron un 71% de  madurez avanzada y 29% de madurez máxima.  Una vez acondicionadas y con alimento continuo, se logró 100% de evacuación parcial en hembras y 50%  de evacuación parcial y total en machos, obteniendo desove en cautiverio. Palabras claves: Tawera gayi; acondicionamiento; caracterización gonadal; desove.
Nutrient removal capacity of wood residues for the Agro-environmental safety of ground and surface waters
Authors: Dumont Paulo A. , Chadwick David. R. , Robinson Steve
Published: November 2017

Abstract   The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of wood residues in the removal of nutrients (ammonium-N; NH4-N) from nutrient-rich (NH4-N) waters. The water holding capacity of the wood materials was also determined. Carried out at Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, UK, this controlled laboratory experiment tested two wood residues; in length, one being 1-2cm and the other from 150 µm (microns) to 9.5mm. Although a wide range of studies have shown the effectiveness and performance of various absorbent materials as animal beddings, such as straw (cereal straw), woodchip (sawdust, bark or wood shavings), bracken and rushes, only few have focused on the NH4-N sorption/desorption capacity. The depuration capacity of wood residues from nutrient-rich effluents such as those from cattle bedded on woodchip or straw will be controlled by processes such as sorption (adsorption-absorption) and desorption of nutrients. Studies have reported the nitrogen removal capacity of woodchip materials and biochar from woodchip as well as removal of NH4+-N from domestic and municipal wastewater, farm dirty water, landfill and industry effluents. These studies have observed that the mechanism of removal of nitrogen is by either increasing NO3--N removal form leachate by enhancing N2O losses via denitrification (biochar as carbon source for denitrifiers) or by decreasing NH4+-N in leachate through adsorption to negatively charged sites. Results showed that although the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and surface area (SA) are both fundamental properties of adsorbent materials, no correlation was found with CEC and adsorption or desorption. Nor did changes in pH appear to be sufficiently important to cause changes in CEC. For this reason, osmotic pressure appeared to be a more predominant parameter controlling processes of adsorption and desorption of NH4+-N in both wood residues. Thus, wood residues high in NH4+-N should be avoided, as they could have an opposite effect in the adsorption of nutrients from nutrient-rich effluents. The results also showed that some wood residues (G30) had great capacity to adsorb NH4+-N to levels up to nearly 90% whilst demonstrating low desorption capacity of NH4+-N (less than 1%). These are ideal relevant features for an adsorbent material for the removal of nutrients (or heavy metals) from contaminated waters such us farm o industrial effluents, or for the depuration of eutrophic watercourses. This could help reduce the concentration of farm effluents making them more manageable, subsequently contributing towards the compliance of new environmental regulations. Keywords: nutrients, nitrogen, ground and surface water
Describing the Radular morphology by using SEM in Muricanthus kuesterianus (Tapparone-canefri1875) Family: Muricidae, from Palk Bay-South East Coast of India
Authors: Stella Chelladurai , Paul Packiam , Ragunathan Chelladurai
Published: November 2017

Scanning electron microscopic studies (SEM) revealed that the radula of Muricanthus kuesterianus resembled that of Muricanthus virgineus in most details. But there were some apparent differences. In Muricanthus kuesterianus rachidian tooth have a broad base than that of Muricanthus virgineus. The base of the median cusp was broad, short, stout and pointed straight towards the anterior end. The left  lateral cusp elongated,  sharp, slightly bent and pointed outwards and the right lateral cusp dorso ventrally flattened and the anterior end small, slightly pointed. In between the median and left lateral cusps, a sharp and pointed denticle is present where as the right laterals and median cups there is no denticle. The lateral teeth which are two in numbers flanked median rachidian.Keywords: Scanning Electron Microscope, Radula, Gastropoda, Muricidae, Muricanthus kuesteianus,
Zooplankton in Arabian Sea, India
Authors: Kalaiarasi Mariadoss , Ambikadevi Periyasamy , Bharath Jayaseelan , Stella Chelladurai
Published: November 2017

The abundance of zooplankton in marine environment has direct influence on fishery resources and it is influenced by environmental parameters such as circulatory movements (eddies) and vertical turbulent mixing. The important role of plankton including both microzooplankton and macrozooplankton in supporting life in the sea was recognized in the past, but the study related to ecology of these organisms has still recently formed as intractable aspect in marine ecosystem.  Life in the sea has been broadly classified into three groups, viz., the plankton, the nekton and the benthos. The majority of the faunal assemblages of the plankton consists of zooplankton. Among the various levels of production in the sea the secondary production, i.e., production of zooplankton, attains significance as it serves as a link between primary production and tertiary production. The zooplankton chiefly consumes the primary producers and forms the major food source for tertiary producers. Zooplankton plays an important role in coral reef ecosystem. They serve as food for corals, and a variety of other invertebrates and reef fishes. From the fishery point of view, zooplankton forms food of/ from important batfishes belonging to the families Clupeidae, Caesionidae and Apogonidae. Some fishes are exclusively zooplankton feeders and therefore their abundance is directly linked to the presence of zooplankton.
Radiologic findings consistent with kissing spines syndrome in Chilean thoroughbreds horses
Authors: Infante Darío , Croxatto Arnaldo , Correa Felipe
Published: November 2017

Alterations in the thoracolumbar spine of racehorses are frequent and often significantly decrease their athletic performance. The most common thoracolumbar alteration in thoroughbred horses is kissing spines syndrome (KSS). The narrowing of the interespinous space, generally located between T14-T15 and T15-T16, produces this syndrome. A radiographic study was performed to 30 thoroughbred horses on the segment between T12 and T18. Two latero-lateral views from digital equipment were obtained of the T12 to T18 segment of each horse, the images were analyze and the radiographic findings established the KSS according to a grading scale. The study sample was homogeneous and the results were similar to other radiographic findings of KSS occurring in segments T14-T15 and T15-16.
Antecedentes y Marco conceptual para una gestión sostenible de la calidad del agua en la Cuenca del Río Bueno, X Ragión de Los Lagos. Chile.
Authors: Zelada Sara
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo hace una revisión de los trabajos publicados más recientes en relación a la gestión de los recursos hídricos en Chile bajo el concepto de calidad ecológica, resumiendo información para la gestión sostenible del agua en la cuenca hidrográfica del río Bueno de la Décima Región de Chile, donde se ha conformado la primera Mesa Provincial del Agua en la ciudad de Osorno (julio 2015). Los Derechos de Agua regulados por el Código de Aguas de1981 y un déficit en la planificación territorial integrada, son los principales obstáculos para una gestión eficiente del recurso hídrico.  Se hace un aporte en relación a los protocolos rápidos que se aplican a la evaluación de la calidad biológica del agua con macroinvertebrados bentónicos como indicadores, que son ampliamente utilizados en el mundo.
Invertebrados en Aguas Continentales en la Zona de Tarapacá.
Authors: Vogt Nicolás
Published: November 2017

Not applicable
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Count Ratio Has a Close Association With Severe Acute Colonic Diverticulitis in Patients Undergoing Surgical Treatment
Authors: Kim TaeHoon , Moon Tong , Yoon Jin , Park SangSu , Jang YongSeog , Lee KyungBok , Jung JiWoong , Kwon YuJin , Lee Sol , Cho DongHui
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To investigate the diagnostic potential of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) for acute diverticulitis.

Summary of Background Data:

We evaluated NLCR in patients with acute colonic diverticulitis who were treated with conservative and surgical treatments.

Methods:

A total of 205 patients who underwent surgical treatment or conservative management of acute diverticulitis between 2012 and 2016 were reviewed. Patients' age; sex; hospital days; co-morbidity; complication; period of use of antibiotics; treatment method; body temperature; and initial laboratory results such as neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, NLCR, and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were assessed.

Results:

The median ages of the conservative and surgical treatment groups were 46 and 68 years, respectively. Median CRP and glucose levels were high in acute colonic diverticulitis patients who underwent surgical treatment (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Albumin level was low in the surgical treatment group (P < 0.001). NLCR was significantly different in both groups (conservative management vs surgical treatment, 4.1 mg/L versus 8.5 mg/L; P < 0.001). Median white blood cells was 11.36 × 109/L in the conservative management group and 14.0 × 109/L in the surgical treatment group, with no significance (P = 0.071). Multivariate analysis revealed that NLCR >10.21 [odds ratio (OR) = 5.613, P = 0.022]; CRP >17.23 mg/L (OR = 4.241, P = 0.006); and albumin ≤3.5 (OR = 4.192, P = 0.036) were significant for acute colonic diverticulitis patients.

Conclusion:

NLCR, CRP, and albumin levels were significantly associated with acute colonic diverticulitis in the surgical treatment group, and NLCR was the most powerful predictive marker of severe acute colonic diverticulitis.
Reflections on Living With Cancer During Fellowship
Authors: Peterson Urbee Disha , Westphal Ann J. , Rumer Kristen K.
Published: October 2024

This Inside Story describes the experiences of the authors, who both received cancer diagnoses during their fellowships.
High-Risk Medications in Persons Living With Dementia
Authors: Singh Sonal , Li Xiaojuan , Cocoros Noelle M. , Antonelli Mary T. , Avula Ramya , Crawford Sybil L. , Dashevsky Inna , Fouayzi Hassan , Harkins Thomas P. , Mazor Kathleen M. , Michnick Ashley I. , Parlett Lauren , Paullin Mark , Platt Richard , Rochon Paula A. , Saphirak Cassandra , Si Mia , Zhou Yunping , Gurwitz Jerry H.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Alzheimer disease–related dementias (ADRD) may be at increased risk for adverse outcomes relating to inappropriate prescribing of certain high-risk medications, including antipsychotics, sedative-hypnotics, and strong anticholinergic agents.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a patient/caregiver and prescriber-mailed educational intervention on potentially inappropriate prescribing to patients with AD or ADRD.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective, open-label, pragmatic randomized clinical trial, embedded in 2 large national health plans, was conducted from April 2022 to June 2023. The trial included patients with AD or ADRD and use of any of 3 drug classes targeted for deprescribing (antipsychotics, sedative-hypnotics, or strong anticholinergics).

Interventions

Patients were randomized to 1 of 3 arms: (1) a mailing of educational materials specific to the medication targeted for deprescribing to both the patient and their prescribing clinician; (2) a mailing to the prescribing clinician only; or (3) a usual care arm.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Analysis was performed using a modified intention-to-treat approach. The primary study outcome was the dispensing of the medication targeted for deprescribing during a 6-month study observation period. Secondary outcomes included changes in medication-specific mean daily dose and health service utilization.

Results

Among 12 787 patients included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis, 8742 (68.4%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 77.3 (9.4) years. The cumulative incidence of being dispensed a medication targeted for deprescribing was 76.7% (95% CI, 75.4-78.0) in the patient and prescriber mailing group, 77.9% (95% CI, 76.5-79.1) in the prescriber mailing only group, and 77.5% (95% CI, 76.2-78.8) in the usual care group. Hazard ratios were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.94-1.04) for the patient and prescriber group and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.96-1.06) for the prescriber only group compared with the usual care group. There were no differences between the groups for secondary outcomes.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest medication-specific educational mailings targeting patients with AD or ADRD and their clinicians are not effective in reducing the use of high-risk medications.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05147428
Digital Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Erickson Claire M. , Wexler Anna , Largent Emily A.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses using digital biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease.
Levels of Satisfaction and Regret With Gender-Affirming Medical Care in Adolescence
Authors: Olson Kristina R. , Raber G. F. , Gallagher Natalie M.
Published: October 2024

Importance

There is a need to improve the evidence base for gender-affirming medical care provided to adolescents, including the experiences of those who have received this care.

Objective

To examine rates of satisfaction, regret, and continuity of care in adolescents who received puberty blockers and/or gender-affirming hormones as part of gender-affirming medical care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This survey study used the 2023 online survey wave of an ongoing longitudinal study, the Trans Youth Project, among a community-based sample of transgender youth and their parents initially recruited throughout the US and Canada between 2013 and 2017. The satisfaction and regret data include responses from a youth or their parent representing 87% of the youth aged 12 years or older in the cohort who have received gender-affirming medical care (235 of 269 youths). Of these, 220 completed the 2023 survey (main sample); information about continuity of care was available for all youth. Data analysis was performed from April to August 2024.

Exposure

Satisfaction, regret, and continuity of care following puberty blockers or suppression and/or gender-affirming hormones.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Self- or parent-reported satisfaction or regret with gender-affirming care and continuation of care.

Results

Among the 220 youths in the main sample (mean [SD] age, 16.07 [2.40] years; 30 [14%] multiracial, non-Hispanic; 18 [8%] White, Hispanic; 155 [70%] White, non-Hispanic; 17 [8%] other race and ethnicity, including Asian, Black [Hispanic and non-Hispanic], Hispanic with unknown race, multiracial Hispanic, or Native American; gender at last interaction: 68 [31%] boys, 132 [60%] girls, 20 [9%] gender diverse, eg, nonbinary) and their parents, very high levels of satisfaction and low levels of regret with puberty blockers and gender-affirming hormones as well as high levels of continuation of care were reported. Of these 220 respondents in the main sample, 9 were regretful of having received blockers (n = 8) and/or hormones (n = 3; 2 of these individuals reported regret with both), of whom 4 have stopped all gender-affirming medical care and 1 has continued to receive blockers but plans to stop. The 4 others have continued care, suggesting that regret is not synonymous with stopping care.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings suggest that youth accessing puberty blockers and hormones as part of gender-affirming care tend to be satisfied with and not regretful of that care several years later. While regret was rare, these experiences need to be better understood.
Spatially Immobilized PtPdFeCoNi as an Excellent Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst for Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Xie Mingkuan , Lu Yu , Xiao Xin , Wu Duojie , Shao Bing , Nian Hao , Wu Chunsheng , Wang Wenjuan , Gu Jun , Han Songbai , Gu Meng , Xu Qiang
Published: October 2024

Developing efficient oxygen electrocatalysts with low cost, high catalytic activity, and robust stability remains a formidable challenge for rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). Herein, highly dispersed ultrasmall PtPdFeCoNi high‐entropy alloy nanoparticles with a size of ≈ 2 nm and randomly distributed multimetallic single atoms spatially immobilized on the 3D hierarchically ordered porous nitrogen‐doped carbon skeleton (denoted as PtPdFeCoNi/HOPNC) are successfully synthesized via ultra‐rapid Joule heating process. The spatial immobilization on 3D HOPNC skeleton is the key to the high dispersion of multi‐active sites of oxygen electrocatalysts, and the formed hierarchical pore structure is conducive to the successful construction of the rapid mass transfer channel. As a result, the as‐prepared PtPdFeCoNi/HOPNC exhibits a positive half‐wave potential of 0.866 V versus RHE for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), a low overpotential of 310 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and low Tafel slopes for both ORR and OER. Furthermore, ZAB using PtPdFeCoNi/HOPNC as bifunctional oxygen catalysts exhibits excellent rate performances and superior cycling stability, surpassing that of a commercial Pt/C‐RuO2 mixture. The spatial immobilization strategy of HOPNC provides a new idea for the design and synthesis of efficient catalysts for various applications.