bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability of Notary Deals Issuing Authentic Assets Using Electronic Networks
Authors: Binsneyder Meike
Published: May 2021

This study uses normative research because this research is only aimed at the study of various written regulations. Referring to the provisions of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Position of Notary Public (Law No.2-2014), it’s known that Notaries have an important role and function in determining the validity of transactions in Indonesia.  Even the Notary is also known as a trusted third party. Likewise, in the scope of the task of carrying out the position of a Notary, namely providing the evidence needed by the parties in a certain legal action, and the evidence is at the level of civil law, where the Notary prepares a deed because of a request from the attending parties. Without requests and requests from the parties, the Notary will not make any deeds, and in making the intended deeds, taking into account the evidence or statements or statements of the parties that are stated or explained or shown before the Notary. Then the Notary prepares systematically, straight forwardly, formally and materially in the form of a Notary deed. Conflict of norms between Article 15 paragraph (3) and Article 16 paragraph (1) letter m of Law no.  2 of 2014 can be completed by continuing to use Article 15 Number (3) of Law no. 2 of 2014 and can also make a notary deed in general as long as the implementation of the article is in accordance with Article 16 paragraph (1) letter m and Article 38 of Law No. 2 of 2014 and must also meet the elements in Article 1868 of the Civil Code which is a requirement for the authenticity of the deed.
Notary Position in Statement of Decision on the Amendment of the Basic Budget of the Foundation
Authors: Kholil Muhammad
Published: May 2021

This type of research used in this research is normative legal research. By using primary and secondary legal materials, along with tertiary legal materials as supporting materials. According to Article 9 paragraph (2) of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations (Law 16/2001), the founding deed of a Foundation must be made before a Notary (Notariil) and therefore must be an authentic deed.  Deeds of establishment or amendments to the foundation, the articles of association of the foundation must be notarized before a notary public. Considering that the establishment of a foundation has formal requirements, the status of a foundation's legal entity can only be obtained when the deed of establishment is legalized by the Minister of Justice as mentioned in Article 11 paragraph (1). The recognition of the existence of a foundation in a foundation law is motivated by the existence of a legal vacuum and restores the function of the foundation. A foundation is a form of non-profit legal entity in the socio-religious, educational, and related to other social activities. Amendments to the Articles of Association of a Foundation in its establishment are determined by two aspects, First, the aspect of the decision and the aspect of legality.
Methodology of Natural Geographical Sciences
Authors: A.N Nigmatov , K.A Allanov
Published: May 2021

The article uncovers the scientific and theoretical establishments of the methodology of natural geographical sciences, its contrasts from natural sciences, its idiosyncrasies, systemic requirements, and its importance in conducting an investigation within the relevant field.
Guarantees of Human Rights and the Importance of Public Communication in Modern Society
Authors: M.K Salieva , Saidov Akmal Khalmatovich
Published: May 2021

It is generally agreed that the human and his rights, freedom of a speech is the main and most important issue in the modern society. The guarantees of human rights and the importance of public communication are discussed in the present article; furthermore, some of these guarantees and importance are researched according to the conventions which accepted in the world.
PREGNANCY RELATED ANXIETY, COUPLE RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION AND SUBJECTIVE HAPPINESS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Bano Saira , Iqbal Nazia , Alvi Sajid M. , Akhtar Andleeb , Zaka Aaliya
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between pregnancy-related anxiety and couple relationship satisfaction; with the subjective happiness of pregnant women of Pakistan. Methodology: This study used a quantitative research method, and questionnaires were used for data collection from pregnant women (N = 200) of Haripur, Abbottabad, Wah Cantt, and Taxila. The statistical analyses of correlation, regression, t-test, and ANOVAs were used. Main Findings: The results indicated that pregnancy-related anxiety predicts subjective happiness of pregnant women, couple relationship satisfaction positively predicted subjective happiness of pregnant women, and couple relationship satisfaction does not moderate the relationship between pregnancy-related anxiety and subjective happiness among pregnant women. Applications of this study: The findings have theoretical and applied significance in the term allowing targeting those pregnant women who would benefit from assessment and coping with pregnancy-related anxiety. Novelty/Originality of this study: Identifying the women at risk would allow us to follow them up during their pregnancy, recognize earlier symptoms of pregnancy-related anxiety as they develop, and implement therapeutic interventions if needed, and spouse's training may also be encouraged and planed.
Diagnostic de  Babesia bigemina avec le test à l'immunoperoxydase
Authors: Blandino T. , Barrera M. , Alonso M. , Faure M. , Rodriguez Diego J.G.
Published: May 2021

Une méthode de diagnostic sérologique de Babesia bigemina par l'immunoperoxydase a été mise au point ; des lames d'antigène ont été réalisées à partir de sang parasité par B. bigemina et conservées à - 20 C. Cent soixante-cinq sérums ont été testés en comparant le test à l'iiumunoperoxydase à l'immunofluorescence indirecte. Une coïncidence de 95 % a été observée entre les deux tests, ainsi qu'une spécificité relative de 95,5 % où et une sensibilité relative de 94,8 % pour le test à l'immunoperoxydase, avec une valeur prédictive positive de 96,8 %. Les résultats démontrent l'efficacité de ce test pour détecter les anticorps contre B. bigemina.
Amélioration de la technique de salivation des glossines pour la détection des métatrypanosomes infectants : étude de quelques facteurs biologiques et non biologiques sur le comportement de sondage des glossines
Authors: Gidudu A.M. , Cuisance Dominique , Reifenberg Jean-Marc , Frézil Jean-Louis
Published: May 2021

Le comportement de sondage et de salivation sur lame chauffée est examiné chez trois espèces ou sous-espèces de glossines (Glossina morsitans morsitans, Glossina palpalis gambiensis, Glossina tachinoides) en fonction de certains paramètres (espèce, sexe, âge, durée du je·ne, infection trypanosomienne, qualité du support). A chaque glossine est offerte l'opportunité de "sonder" une lame chauffée (38 C) pendant 5 minutes (on entend par sondage une tentative d'attouchement de la lame par le proboscis en position de piq·re). G. m, morsitans est de loin la plus apte à sonder (70,50 %) par rapport à G. tachinoides (50,50 %) et G. palpalis gambiensis (45,80 %). L'infection par T. congolense (souche EATRO 325) n'affecte pas le comportement de sondage des mâles des trois espèces mais semble abaisser celui des femelles du groupe palpalis. L'adjonction d'une goutte de PSG ou de sang améliore le comportement de sondage des femelles infectées de G. m. morsitans (les seules testées). Les résultats sont discutés en fonction des données biologiques et des connaissances sur les systèmes récepteurs des glossines.
L'éleveur, le zootechnicien et le sociologue
Authors: Jollivet M. , Lhoste Philippe
Published: May 2021

cf. fichier PDF de l'article.
Permanence de la prévalence de la peste équine africaine au Nigeria
Authors: Adeyefa C.A.O. , Hamblin C.
Published: May 2021

Les anticorps contre la peste équine africaine ont été recherchés au moyen du test ELISA dans les sérums d'équins provenant de dix régions du Nigeria nettement séparées les unes des autres. Les animaux testés comprenaient des chevaux importés ou exotiques, des chevaux de race indigène ou croisés localement et des ânes africains. Un pourcentage élevé des sérums (79,8 %) était positif, ce qui confirme la permanence de la prévalence des anticorps contre la peste équine africaine chez les équins nigérians.
Effet de trois voies différentes d’administration sur le pouvoir immunisant des vaccins contre la bursite infectieuse
Authors: Kembi F.A. , Delano O.O. , Oyekunle M.A.
Published: May 2021

Les auteurs ont comparé la réponse immunitaire de trois groupes de 10 poussins vaccinés à l'âge de 2 semaines contre la bursite infectieuse (maladie de Gumboro) par voie orale, intramusculaire et oculaire, à l'aide d'un vaccin préparé par le NVRI (Vom, Nigeria). Tous les poulets sont restés séronégatifs 3 semaines après la primovaccination. Cependant, des anticorps précipitants étaient présents sur ces volailles après un rappel à l'âge de 6 semaines. Chez les poulets vaccinés par voie oculaire, cette séroconversion a été observée sur 70 % des sujets à l'âge de 7 semaines ; ce taux s'est élevé à 80 % dans les 2 semaines suivantes puis abaissé à 55,6 % à la 10e semaine. Dans les groupes vaccinés par voies orale et intramusculaire, ces taux étaient respectivement de 30 et 33,3 % à la 7e semaine mais ils s'élevaient pour les deux groupes jusqu'à 87,5 % à la 10e semaine. Si l'on considère le facteur âge dans la sensibilité des poulets à la bursite infectieuse, la voie oculaire semble être la plus efficace.
Comparaison de deux anticoagulants pour la production de l’antigène de Cowdria ruminantium dans une culture de neutrophiles
Authors: Awa Daniel Nzingu , Paxton Edith A. , Sumption K.J.
Published: May 2021

L'activité de deux anticoagulants, l'éthylène diamine tétra-acétate (EDTA) et l'héparine, a été comparée sur du sang de chèvres cliniquement infectées par Cowdria ruminantium. Les neutrophiles ont été extraits du sang et mis en culture pour la production de l'antigène correspondant. L'EDTA s'est révélé supérieur à l'héparine du point de vue du taux de récupération et d'une meilleure séparation des neutrophiles par rapport aux autres leucocytes. L'antigène produit a été testé avec le test d'immunofluorescence indirecte (IFAT). Il est apparu de bonne qualité. La production de l'antigène par cette méthode est recommandée pour les laboratoires relativement bien équipés dans les zones où la cowdriose est endémique.
La fièvre aphteuse en Asie du Sud-est. Situation et plan de lutte
Authors: Blancou Jean , Ozawa Y.
Published: May 2021

cf. fichier PDF de l'article.
Physical activity and sedentary behavior adaptability to COVID-19 social and mobility constraints: a follow-up study in Ilhéus – Bahia/Brazil
Authors: Menuchi Marcos R. T. P. , Kruschewsky Alberto B. , Ohara David , Honda Marcelo O. , Avila Marco A. , Stein Peolla P. , Araújo Duarte
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: The COVID19 Pandemic has impacted human behavior worldwide. Restrictive circulation, working and staying at home, and limitations on outdoor leisure time may have changed people’s physical activity level, stimulating sedentary behavior.
AIM: To examine changes in physical activity levels and use of urban space for leisure during quarantine in the municipality of Ilhéus / BA – Brazil.
METHOD: Thirty-nine (53.8% of men) residents from Ilhéus answered an online questionnaire before (pre-pandemic) and during (post-pandemic) the adoption of social distancing. Physical activity level (IPAQ survey) and places for leisure physical activity were determined by using the GIS technique.
RESULTS: Significant decrease in occupational (-68%) and transportation (-71%) time was found. An increase in physical activity at home (152%) was observed. The average distance from house to leisure physical activity space decreased 74%, and time in sedentary behavior has increased only for men on weekdays (35%).
CONCLUSION: Even without difference between the total amount of physical activity before and during COVID19, a significant reallocation in time spent in occupational, transportation, household, and space of leisure-time physical activity could indicate demands and adaptations occurred during the study period.
Brandstetter, Bettina (2020). Kulturen, Religionen und Identitäten aushandeln. Elementarpädagogik zwischen Homogenisierung und Pluralisierung (Interreligiöse und interkulturelle Bildung im Kindesalter 9). Münster: Waxmann. ISBN 978-3-8309-4139-2. 268 Seiten.
Authors: Stockinger Helena
Published: May 2021

---
Möller, Rainer / Sajak, Clauß Peter (Hg.) (2020). Religionspädagogik für Erzieherinnen. Ein ökumenisches Arbeitsbuch. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. ISBN 978-3-17-036420-2. 274 Seiten.
Authors: Petri Katrin
Published: May 2021

---
Vulnerable Situations in the Classroom
Authors: Ter Avest Ina
Published: May 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic confronts us with the vulnerability of our health, but no less important is the vulnerability of our psychological well-being. In this contribution I explore the possible strength(s) of vulnerability – of persons and religion(s). First, I introduce the work of the theologian Caroline Gustavsson who distinguishes between: “experienced vulnerability,” “narrated vulnerability” and “induced vulnerability.” As examples and il­lustrations of these concepts, I focus on the voices of primary school pupils, secondary school pupils and a RE teacher. In RE classes it is stated that religion(s) is/are vulnerable because there is no ‘proof’ that God exists, or con-versely that scriptural narratives are about ‘real’ things. By touching upon experiences of young people, using cur­rent-day expressions and metaphors, the vulnerability – of persons, of religion(s) – can turn into a strength.
Lüdtke, Antonia (2020). Confessional Gap. Konfessionalität und Religionsunterricht denken. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. ISBN 978-3-17-038877-2. 440 Seiten.
Authors: Sajak Clauß Peter
Published: May 2021

---
Vorwort
Authors: Board Editorial
Published: May 2021

---
Knauth, Thorsten / Weiße, Wolfram (Hg.) (2020). Ansätze. Kontexte und Impulse zu dialogischem Religionsunterricht. Münster: Waxmann. ISBN: 978-3-8309-4213-9. 415 Seiten.
Authors: Woppowa Jan
Published: May 2021

---
Schori, Kurt (2020). Glaubensüberlieferungen verstehen. Eine Einführung in den Fachbereich der Religionen und in die Didaktik der heiligen Schriften. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. ISBN 978-3-17-037687-8. 250 Seiten.
Authors: Cavis Fatima
Published: May 2021

----
Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Jamur Endofit Penicillium oxalicum Hasil Isolasi dari Spons Homaxinella tanitai
Authors: Sari Ni Putu Diah Parwita , Cahyo Bian Dwi , Sugijanto Noor Erma Nasution , Suciati Suciati
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan: Jamur endofit yang berasal dari biota laut spons diketahui sebagai sumber penghasil berbagai jenis metabolit sekunder. Metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan telah dilaporkan memiliki beberapa bioaktivitas termasuk sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etil asetat dan fraksi dari jamur endofit Penicillium oxalicum yang diisolasi dari spons Homaxinella tanitai terhadap bakteri Gram positif Staphyloccus aureus dan Bacillus subtilis serta bakteri Gram negatif Eschericia coli. Metode: Identifikasi jamur endofit dilakukan berdasarkan sekuensing dari 28S rRNA. Jamur endofit P. oxalicum ditumbuhkan pada media malt extract. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode partisi cair-cair dengan pelarut etil asetat. Fraksinasi dari ekstrak etil asetat dilakukan dengan metode kromatografi kolom cepat. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak dan fraksi dilakukan dengan metode mikrodilusi dan difusi agar. Skrining golongan senyawa pada ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode KLT yang divisualisasi dengan berbagai penampak noda serta menggunakan spektroskopi 1H NMR. Hasil: Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat P. oxalicum memberikan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap B. subtilis dan E. coli dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) 250 µg/mL dan menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus dengan KHM 500 µg/mL. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri dari fraksi pada konsentrasi 100 µg/cakram menunjukkan aktifitas penghambatan yang sedang terhadap ketiga bakteri uji. Berdasarkan hasil KLT dan spektroskopi 1H NMR, dapat diketahui bahwa ekstrak etil asetat P. oxalicum mengandung senyawa terpenoid dan polifenol. Kesimpulan: Jamur endofit P. oxalicum yang diisolasi dari spons H. tanitai menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronis yang Menjalani Hemodialisis
Authors: Simorangkir Renni , Andayani Tri Murti , Wiedyaningsih Chairun
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan: Hemodialisis (HD) merupakan salah satu terapi pengganti fungsi ginjal pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) yang dapat mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas, namun terapi HD dapat menimbulkan munculnya berbagai komplikasi yang dapat memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor sosiodemografi dan faktor klinis yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani HD. Metode: Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah cross sectional dengan melibatkan 130 pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis selama periode bulan Februari-April 2020 dengan kriteria inklusi pasien berusia ≥ 18 tahun, menjalani hemodialisis selama ≥ 3 bulan dan kriteria eksklusi pasien dalam kondisi kritis. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara langsung dan melihat rekam medis pasien. Kualitas hidup diukur menggunakan kuesioner Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form-36 (KDQOL-SF36). Data pada domain kesehatan fisik, kesehatan mental dan skor KDQOL-SF36 dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi berganda-dummy. Hasil: Rata-rata usia responden penelitian adalah 49,6 ± 13,1 tahun, jumlah resep obat kronis 5,5 ± 1,7 jenis obat. Rata-rata skor KDQOL adalah 71,4 ± 10,1; kesehatan fisik 61,4 ± 20,4 dan kesehatan mental 81,2 ± 15,7. Faktor sosiodemografi yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup adalah usia (p = 0,000) dan tingkat penghasilan (p = 0,024) pada domain kesehatan fisik dan usia (p = 0,010), pada skor KDQOL (p = 0,010), untuk faktor klinis adalah jumlah peresepan (p = 0,010), dan komorbiditas (p = 0,007), lalu pada domain kesehatan fisik dan jumlah peresepan (p = 0,016) skor KDQOL. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara faktor sosiodemografi dan klinis yakni faktor usia, tingkat penghasilan, komorbiditas DM dan jumlah peresepan obat kronis terhadap kualitas hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani HD (p < 0,05).
Optimasi Kadar Awal, Waktu Kontak dan Berat Biomassa pada Proses Biosorpsi Cu2+ Menggunakan Cangkang Lorjuk
Authors: Hajar Syarifa , Sugijanto Noor Erma Nasution , Kartosentono Sugijanto
Published: May 2021

Pendahuluan: Cangkang kerang pisau (Solen vagina) dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan sekitarnya, tetapi berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi biosorben dalam penyerapan logam berat khususnya Cu karena umumnya cangkang kerang mengandung CaCO3 dan kitin. Beberapa variabel yang berperan dalam proses biosorpsi, antara lain: konsentrasi awal logam, massa biosorben, dan waktu kontak. Tujuan: Untuk menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi awal Cu (II), massa biosorben, dan waktu kontak terhadap proses biosorpsi melalui data persentase efisiensi dan kapasitas adsorpsi. Metode: Proses biosorpsi dilakukan dalam berbagai variasi parameter dengan memasukkan biosorben dan larutan Cu (II) dalam kolom, sesuai masing-masing variasi yang telah ditentukan dan dilakukan penyaringan. Pengukuran kadar Cu (II) secara kuantitatif dari hasil proses biosorpsi menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)­. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biosorben cangkang lorjuk mengandung Cu (II) 0,0220 mg/g. Kadar Cu (II) dalam cangkang tersebut digunakan sebagai faktor koreksi. Hasil optimal untuk parameter konsentrasi awal Cu (II) adalah 100 mg/L dengan persentase efisiensi (98,47 + 0,19)% dan kapasitas adsorpsi (630,37 + 1,2)ug/g. Hasil optimal waktu kontak adalah 120 menit dengan persentase efisiensi (90,78 + 0,25)%. Hasil optimal massa biosorben berdasarkan persentase efisiensi (97,69 + 0,1)% adalah 2 gram. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini dapat menunjukkan bahwa serbuk dari cangkang kerang pisau (Solen vagina) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai biosorben yang efektif untuk adsorpsi  tembaga (Cu) dari larutan. Hasil optimasi faktor terbaik untuk digunakan dalam proses biosorpsi Cu (II) yaitu konsentrasi awal 100 mg/L, massa biosorben 2 gram dan waktu kontak 120 menit.
Level Literasi Digital Peserta Kelas Whatsapp Group Klinik MPASI
Authors: Hariyanti Nunik , Salim Mufid , Ghina Nabilah Rifdah Zulfa
Published: May 2021

This study aims to explain digital literacy of WhatsApp Group participants of MPASI (complementary feeding) Clinic. This study applied positivism paradigm with a quantitative-descriptive approach. The respondent were participants of WhatsApp MPASI clinic group. Participants fill out a questionnaire that has been compiled based on the digital competency instrument on Network of Digital Literacy Activists (JAPELIDI). The results showed the literacy of this group were at moderate level with 74% of respondents and the remaining 13% at high and low levels. Participants of the MPASI Clinic who also act as digital immigrant. This means they are able to cope with invalid information because of the sufficient knowledge.
Respon Remaja Tentang Kasus Cyberbullying Sulli Dan Goo Hara
Authors: Robiatul Adawiyah Dwi Putri , Munir Muhammad
Published: May 2021

Cyberbullying is the act of hurting, embarrassing, or distressing people because all the disgrace is publicized on social media. The victim becomes depressed and commits dangerous things such as suicide. This study aims to explain adolescent responses about Sulli and Goo Hara's cyberbullying that cause death. The author applied descriptive qualitative methods. The results revealed the lack of netizen knowledge and consequences on Sulli and Goo Hara's mental health made them not careful in commenting on social media. Therefore, it is important for netizens to be careful about everything that will be posted on social media in order not to get meanly impact to others.
Ragam Komunikasi Verbal dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Afifi Subhan , Nuryana Kurniawan Irwan
Published: May 2021

This paper attempts to trace various forms of verbal communication in the Qur'an. This study uses descriptive qualitative research design. Data for this study were collected using library research methods and in-depth interviews. Library Research is carried out by studying various Qur'anic commentaries related to the principles and types of verbal communication. In-depth interviews were conducted with scholars who were competent in the field of Al-Qur'an exegesis and preachers / Al-Qur'an teachers who had preaching experience in the community. The research findings show several kinds of verbal communication found in Al-Qur'an, namely: Qaulan Sadidan, Qaulan Ma'rufan, Qaulan Maysuran, Qaulan Kariman, Qaulan Balighan, and Qaulan Layyinan. Each of these types of verbal communication has a specific concept, context, and explanation.
Pemantauan Tingkat Bahaya Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Dengan Indeks Kekeringan Keetch-Byram Drought Index Selama Periode El-Niňo Di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan (Fire Hazard Monitoring Of Forest And Land Fire With Keetch-Byram Drought Index Method During El-Niňo Period In South Sumatra Province)
Authors: Agdialta Rezfiko
Published: May 2021

Human activity is not the only major cause of forest and land fires, however, there are supporting factors, namely extreme weather and climate conditions such as El Niño. One of index used to determine the potential for forest and land fires is the KBDI index (Keetch- Byram Drought Index). The drought index can determine the fire potential of an area by using a scale of nature. his study aims to determine the potential for forest and land fires every month in the South Sumatra region by using KBDI values during the El Niño event period in 2006 - 2015. The data used are daily rainfall data, daily maximum temperature data obtained from several observation posts in the Regency/City of South Sumatra and hotspot data from the Terra-Agua Satellite with fashionable sensors during the period 2006 - 2015. between The analysis was carried out by finding daily KBDI values using data obtained from several observation points in the South Sumatra region. The data is then made into a monthly average. The next step, mapped to see the conditions in every month for the potential forest and land fire affected by weather and climate factors. The result of the processing showed that the highest average potential for forest and land fires were in 2006, 2009 and 2015 occurred in July, August, September, and October. The peak occurred in September and October, and in that month the average KBDI was at extreme levels and had many hotspots.
Medieval Monasticism in Iceland and Norse Greenland
Authors: Kristjánsdóttir Steinunn
Published: May 2021

The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the monastic houses operated on the northernmost periphery of Roman Catholic Europe during the Middle Ages. The intention is to debunk the long-held theory of Iceland and Norse Greenland’s supposed isolation from the rest of the world, as it is clear that medieval monasticism reached both of these societies, just as it reached their counterparts elsewhere in the North Atlantic. During the Middle Ages, fourteen monastic houses were opened in Iceland and two in Norse Greenland, all following the Benedictine or Augustinian Order.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Recurrent High Temperature and Aviation Oil
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Monowar , Al-Deen Safat , Hassan Md Kamrul , Shill Sukanta Kumer , Kader Md Abdul , Hutchison Wayne
Published: May 2021

Over the years, leaked fluids from the aircraft caused severe deterioration of the airfield pavement. The combined effect of hot exhaust from the auxiliary power unit of military aircraft and spilt aviation oils caused rapid pavement spalling. If the disintegrated concreted pieces caused by spalling is sucked into the jet engine, it may cause catastrophic damage to the aircraft engine or physical injury to maintenance crews. This study investigates the effectiveness of incorporating hybrid fibres into ordinary concrete to improve the residual mechanical and thermal properties to prevent spalling damage of pavement. Three fibre reinforced concrete samples made with micro steel fibre and polyvinyl alcohol fibre with a fibre content of zero, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by volume fraction. These samples were exposed to recurring high temperature and aviation oils. Tests were conducted to measure the effects of repeated exposure on the concrete's mechanical, thermal and chemical characteristics. The results showed that polyvinyl alcohol fibre reinforced concrete suffered a significant loss of thermal properties and residual mechanical strength than the micro steel fibre reinforced concrete. However, hybrid fibre reinforced concrete performed better in retaining higher residual properties, and no spalling of concrete was observed.
Global Prevalence and Drivers of Dental Students' COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy
Authors: RIAD Abanoub , ABDULQADER Huthaifa , MORGADO Mariana , DOMNORI Silvi , KOŠČÍK Michal , MENDES José João , KLUGAR Miloslav , KATEEB Elham
Published: May 2021

Background: Acceleration of mass vaccination strategies is the only pathway to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare professionals and students have a key role in shaping public opinion about vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of dental students globally towards COVID-19 vaccines and explore the potential drivers for students' acceptance levels; Methods: A global cross-sectional study was carried out in February 2021 using an online ques-tionnaire. The study was liaised by the scientific committee of the International Association of Dental Students (IADS), and data was collected through the national and local coordinators of IADS member organizations. The dependent variable was the willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine, and the independent variables included demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related experi-ence, and the drivers of COVID-19 vaccine-related attitude suggested by the WHO-SAGE; Results: A total of 6639 students from 22 countries representing all world regions responded to the ques-tionnaire properly. Their mean age was 22.06 ± 2.79 (17-40) years, and the majority were females (70.5%), in clinical years (66.8%), and from upper-middle-income economies (45.7%). In general, 22.5% of dental students worldwide were hesitant, and 13.9% rejected COVID-19 vaccines. The students in low- and lower-middle-income (LLMI) economies had significantly higher levels of vaccine hesitancy compared to their peers in upper-middle- and high-income (UMHI) economies (30.4% vs 19.8%; p < 0.001); Conclusions: The global acceptance level of dental students for COVID-19 vaccines was suboptimal, and their worrisome level of vaccine hesitancy was influenced by the socioeconomic context where the dental students live and study. The media and social media, public figures, insufficient knowledge about vaccines, and mistrust of governments and the pharmaceutical industry were barriers to vaccination. The findings of this study call for further implementation of epidemiology (infectious diseases) education within undergraduate dental curricula.
A Systematic Study on the Degradation Products Generated from Artificially Aged Microplastics
Authors: Biale Greta , La Nasa Jacopo , Mattonai Marco , Corti Andrea , Vinciguerra Virginia , Castelvetro Valter , Modugno Francesca
Published: May 2021

Up to 13 million tons of plastic waste are estimated to enter the oceans every year. A generally accepted picture based on an increasing number of environmental studies suggests that the largest fraction of it consists or is rapidly degraded into microplastics (MPs). Most of the analytical studies focused on MPs are based on the detection and identification of the polymers. On the other hand, plastic debris in the environment undergo chemical (mainly photoxidative) and physical degradation processes leading not only to fragmentation but also to the formation of leachable, soluble and/or volatile degradation products that are released in the environment. The formation of such low molecular weight species is generally neglected in the studies on MPs even if these compounds, released in the environment from the plastics debris, may pose even higher risks for the environment and for the biota than the MPs particles themselves, risks that are far from being understood and assessed. In this study we performed the analysis of reference MPs - polymer micropowders obtained by grinding a set of five polymer types down to final size in the 857-509 μm range, namely high- and low-density polyethylene (HDPE and LDPE, respectively), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The reference MPs were artificially aged in a Solar-Box and their degradation products were analyzed to investigate their degradation processes. In particular, a systematic and thorough characterization of the aged (photo-oxidized) MPs and of their low molecular weight and/or highly oxidized fraction extractable in polar organic solvents was performed. For this purpose, the artificially aged MPs were subjected to selective extraction with organic solvent that are non-solvents for the virgin polymers, targeting selective recovery of the low molecular weight fractions generated during the artificial aging. Analysis of both the extractable fractions and the residues was carried out by a multi-technique approach combining evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). Up to 18 wt% of newly extractable, low molecular weight fraction was recovered from the photo-aged MPs, depending on the polymer type. The results highlight the need for more extensive studies about the potential harmfulness of the oxidation products (molecular and oxidized oligomeric species) that may leach out from plastic debris during their permanence in the environment.
Health Indicator Evaluation for Condition Monitoring of Industrial Robot Gears
Authors: Nentwich Corbinian , Reinhart Gunther
Published: May 2021

Condition monitoring of industrial robots has the potential to decrease downtimes in highly automated production systems. We suggest a new health indicator based on vibration data measurements and compare its performance with state-of-the-art health indicators regarding different criteria. This evaluation is based on different data sets from robot test rigs. We find that the proposed health indicator can detect different faults, has low temperature sensitivity and works in instationary velocity regimes. A discussion of the validity of the results rounds up our contribution.
In vitro Antioxidant Potential Evaluation of Non-Functionalized Fullerenes and Endofullerene
Authors: Mikheev Ivan V. , Sozarukova Madina M. , Izmailov Dmitry Yu. , Kareev Ivan E. , Proskurnina Elena V. , Proskurnin Mikhail A.
Published: May 2021

The antioxidant properties of unmodified aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) of C60, C70, Gd@C82 (in μM concentration range) were studied in the model of generation of organic radicals by 2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP) and luminol. Purification protocols for AFDs are proposed. Based on chemiluminescence (CL) measurements, the concentration-dependent of the CL signal for any AFDs is revealed. Suppression of CL signals is up to 5 times better than Mexidol® antioxidant. The concentration of half-suppression increased in row C60<C70<Gd@C82. We further demonstrated mathematical modeling of the long-term kinetics data for C60, C70, Gd@C82 allowed fitting of CL curves. Kinetic schemes are proposed, and the constants of each reaction are estimated (~n×μM–1min–1). C60, C70, and Gd@C82 exhibit a quenching mechanism that is not an antioxidant effect. For C60 and C70, similar behavior is shown that is not quantitatively different in kinetic modeling. On the contrary, Gd@C82 has a double action: (1) quenching and (2) actual antioxidant action. Estimating quenching constants for all of the AFD types showed the same magnitude. Moreover, the antioxidant activity in Gd@C82 is 300 times greater than in the case of C60 and C70.
Thermogenic Fat: Development, Physiological Function, and Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Brandão Bruna Brasil , Poojari Ankita , Rabiee Atefeh
Published: May 2021

The concerning worldwide increase of obesity and chronic metabolic diseases such as T2D, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease motivates further investigations into preventive and alternative therapeutic approaches. Over the past decade, there is growing evidence that the formation and activation of thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige) may serve as therapy to treat obesity and its associated diseases owing to its capacity to increase energy expenditure and to modulate circulating lipids and glucose levels. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of brown and beige adipocytes formation and activation will facilitate the development of strategies to combat metabolic disorders. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of pathways and players involved in the development of brown and beige fat as well as the role of thermogenic adipocytes in energy homeostasis and metabolism. Also, we discuss the alterations in brown and beige adipose tissue function during obesity and, explore the therapeutic potential of thermogenic activation to treat metabolic syndrome.
Naviculectomy as a Third Way Beyond Minimally Invasive and Extensive Soft Tissue Releases for Ambulatory Children with Complex Congenital Vertical Talus: A Technical Note
Authors: Aly Ahmad , Mahmoud Shady , Samir Shady , El-Sobky Tamer
Published: May 2021

We investigated the radioclinical outcomes of naviculectomy and limited/tailored soft-tissue releases in a short series of ambulatory children with complex/intractable congenital vertical talus subsets namely neglected, multiple operated and recurrent patients. We postulated that this technique will yield satisfactory radioclinical outcomes and minimal complications because it avoids extensive surgical release/trauma that is otherwise classically recommended for complex congenital vertical talus (CVT). The cohort consisted of five -four boys, one girl- complex CVT children with neglected, multiple operated and/or recurrent subsets. Patients were included if manipulative casting techniques were deemed unlikely to produce a plantigrade foot. Patients underwent naviculectomy with variable on-demand limited soft tissue releases. Two patients had bilateral affection and two had a non-idiopathic aetiology. The mean age was 5.2 years (4 to 6.25) and mean follow-up was 2.3 years (1 to 3). We reported satisfactory outcomes as per foot posture, function, overall parent satisfaction including pain and radiography per lateral views of talar-axis-first metatarsal base angle on the short/intermediate term. Whereas manipulative casting is unlikely to yield lasting outcomes in ambulatory children with complex subsets of CVT, extensive surgical soft-tissue releases have unfavourable long-term complications. As a substitute, naviculectomy as a form of resection arthroplasty created a practical and affordable third way between manipulative casting with minimally invasive surgery and the extensive surgical soft tissue releases on the short/intermediate term.
Production of Hardened Body by Direct Bonding of Sand Particles
Authors: Sakai Yuya
Published: May 2021

Raw materials used for producing concrete, such as sand and gravel, are in short supply worldwide. It has been reported that the production of cement, one of the main constituents of concrete, results in the emission of a large amount of CO2, accounting for 8% of total global CO2 emissions. In this study, we developed a method to produce a construction material using only sand as the solid raw material. By utilizing a technique to produce organic silicon material from sand, we placed sand, alcohol, and catalyst in a closed vessel and heated it to 240 °C. After 24 h, the sand particles were bonded to each other, and a hardened body was formed. A tradeoff in production conditions, such as temperature, time, and the amount of sand, was confirmed.
Ambient Intelligence Based on IoT for Assisting People with Alzheimer’s Disease Through Context Histories
Authors: Machado Savanna Denega , Tavares João Elison da Rosa , Martins Márcio Garcia , Barbosa Jorge Luis Victória , González Gabriel Villarrubia , Leithardt Valderi Reis Quietinho
Published: May 2021

The new Internet of Things (IoT) applications are enabling the development of projects that help monitoring people with different diseases in their daily lives. Alzheimer’s is a disease that affects neurological functions and needs support to maintain maximum independence and security of patients during this stage of life, as the cure and reversal of symptoms have not yet been discovered. The IoT-based monitoring system provides the caregivers’ support in monitoring people with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This paper presents an ontology-based computational model which receives physiological data from external IoT applications, allowing to identify of potentially dangerous behaviors for patients with AD. The main scientific contribution of this work is the specification of a model focusing on Alzheimer’s disease using the analysis of Context Histories and Context Prediction, which considering the state of the art, it is the only one that uses analysis of Context Histories to perform predictions. The research also proposes a simulator to generate activities of the daily life of patients allowing the creation of datasets. These datasets were used to evaluate the contributions of the model and were generated according to the standardization of the ontology. The simulator generated 1025 scenarios applied to guide the predictions, which achieved average accurary of 97.44%. The experiments also allowed the learning of 20 relevant lessons on technological, medical and methodological aspects of DCARE that are recorded in this article.
COVID-19 Crisis Management and Cost Estimation Models: Bureaucratic Government Coaction Vs. Spontaneous Social Coordination
Authors: Huerta de Soto Jesús , Bagus Philipp , Sánchez-Bayón Antonio
Published: May 2021

This paper reviews the management of the COVID-19 crisis and the difficulty of cost estimation model, comparing centralized management or bureaucratic government coaction and the agile market alternative or spontaneous social coordination. This is a study of Political Economy and Health Economics from the perspective of Austrian Economics. We describe and compare the al-ternative models, which are adapted to the current crisis. The analysis is based on the theorem of the impossibility of the economic calculation under coactive systems, and other principles of economy. In this context we pay also attention to collateral problems of the centralized and coac-tive management. Finally we propose a solution based on dynamic efficiency and the constitutions of wellbeing economics
Campylobacter: A Foodborne Pathogen with Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Kiran Amritanjali , Ruiz Alvarez Maria Josefina , Swe Han Khine Swe , Kumar Abishek , Chakraborty Dipanjan , Mugisha Lawrence , Elbadawi Hana , Khalaf Yara , Panicker Aparna , Souda Sajini , van Dongen Maarten B.M.
Published: May 2021

Campylobacter is one of the major foodborne pathogens of concern in its growing trend of antimicrobial resistance. C. jejuni and C. coli are the major causative agents, with C. jejuni contributing to most of the cases in approximately 90% in the world. Infection is transmitted to humans due to consumption of contaminated food and water. Campylobacteriosis caused by C. jejuni is commonly presented with severe diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting with some extreme cases resulting in Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and acute flaccid paralysis. Symptoms are severe in cases of children below 5 years, elderly and individuals who are immunocompromised. The infection is usually sporadic, and self-limiting and thus does not require antibiotics for treatment. Still, the antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter is a major concern because of the transmission of resistance from animal sources to humans. This review highlights the recent epidemiology, geographical impact, resistance mechanisms, spread of Campylobacter spp. and the strategies to control the transmission of Campylobacter from veterinary sources and its antimicrobial resistance.
Influence of Austempering Temperatures on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron
Authors: Bendikiene Regita , Ciuplys Antanas , Cesnavicius Ramunas , Jutas Audrius , Bahdanovich Aliaksandr , Marmysh Dzianis , Nasan Aleh , Shemet Liudmila , Sherbakov Sergei
Published: May 2021

The influence of the austempering temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) was investigated. ADI is nodular graphite cast iron, which owing to higher strength and elongation exceeds mechanical properties of conventional spheroidal graphite cast iron. Such a combination of properties is achieved by the heat treatment through austenitization, followed by austempering at different temperatures. The austenitization conditions were the same for all the samples: temperature 890°C, duration 30min, and quenching in a salt bath. The main focus of this research was on the influence of the austempering temperatures (270°C, 300°C, and 330 C) on the microstructure evolution, elongation, toughness and fatigue resistance of ADI modified by certain amount of Ni, Cu, and Mo. The Vickers and Rockwell hardness decreased from 535.7 to 405.3HV/1 (55.7 to 44.5HRC) as the austempering temperature increased. Optical images showed the formation of graphite nodules and matrix composed of ausferrite; the presence of these phases was confirmed by an XRD diffraction pattern. A fracture surface analysis revealed several types of the mechanisms: cleavage ductile, transgranular and ductile dimple fracture. The stress-controlled mechanical fatigue experiments revealed that a 330°C austempering temperature ensures the highest fatigue life of ADI.
RNA Identification and Detection of Nucleic Acids as Aerosols in Air Samples by Means of Photon and Electron Interactions
Authors: Tagliapietra Luca J , Neuhold Piero , Adlish John I , Surrente Riccardo
Published: May 2021

This study presents a methodology to reveal traces of viral particles, as aerosol with known chemical and molecular structure, in a sample by means of photon and electron interactions. The method is based on Monte Carlo simulations and on the analysis of photon-electron fluxes-spectra through energy channels counts as a function of different aerosol viral concentrations in the air sample and looking at the peculiar photon/electron interactions with the potential abnormal atomic hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), carbon (C), and phosphorus (P) compositions present in the air sample as a function of living and nonliving matter with PO4 group RNA/DNA strands in a cluster configuration.
Exploring the Benefits of Photovoltaic Non-Optimal Orientations in Buildings
Authors: Sánchez Esteban , Ordóñez Ángel José , Sánchez Alberto , García Ovejero Raúl , Parra-Domínguez Javier
Published: May 2021

As Solar Photovoltaics in buildings reaches maturity, grid integration and economic yield are topics of greater interest. Some strategies like demand shift management or storing electricity in batteries are proposed to reach a higher share of PV into the distribution grid. The price reduction of solar PV has driven a change in support policies from the feed-in tariff to net metering and, nowadays, to net billing schemes. With an increase in PV installations, aesthetical aspects are more valued, and coplanar placement of modules is preferred. By analyzing the operation of two PV installations: one residential and another industrial, we will show that smart use of these non-optimal orientations for the yearly production can be more convenient. Through the economic evaluation of several PV orientations, it is found that the economic performance could minimize the energy loss from optimal. The analysis of different alternatives for each study case has allowed us to identify several benefits for these orientations.
The Role of the Key Effector of Necroptotic Cell Death, Mlkl, in Mouse Models of Disease
Authors: Tovey Crutchfield Emma C , Garnish Sarah E , Hildebrand Joanne M
Published: May 2021

Necroptosis is an inflammatory form of lytic programmed cell death that is thought to have evolved to defend against pathogens. Genetic deletion of the terminal effector protein – MLKL – shows no overt phenotype in the C57BL/6 mouse strain under conventional laboratory housing conditions. Small molecules that inhibit necroptosis by targeting the kinase activity of RIPK1, one of the main upstream conduits to MLKL activation, have shown promise in several murine models of non-infectious disease and in phase II human clinical trials. This has triggered multi-billion-dollar investments into the emerging class of necroptosis blocking drugs, and the potential utility of targeting the terminal effector is being closely scrutinised. Here we review murine models of disease, both genetic deletion and mutation, that investigate the role of MLKL. We summarize a series of examples from several broad disease categories including ischemia reperfusion injury, sterile inflammation, pathogen infection and haematological stress. Elucidating MLKL’s contribution to mouse models of disease is an important first step to identify human indications that stand to benefit most from MLKL-targeted drug therapies.