bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agency and liminality during the COVID-19 pandemic: Why information literacy cannot fix vaccine hesitancy
Authors: Hicks Alison , Lloyd Annemaree
Published: September 2022

This article employs a sociological and dialogical information perspective to identify what shape information literacy practice takes for people who are hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine. An information perspective places information and people’s relations with information at the centre of the inquiry. The study carried out 14 semi-structured interviews with UK adults who had not yet received or taken up their invitation to have the COVID-19 vaccine. Outcomes of this study suggest that information literacy practices related to vaccine hesitancy emerged through the liminal space and in relation to agentic performance, which was catalysed through engagement with experiential, corporeal and social information. This study has implications for the teaching of information literacy, in particular, the idea that being informed is an affirmative action that will automatically empower learners to make appropriate choices.
Gig Intentions in Management Students: Integrating JD-R in an Extended TPB Model
Authors: Patre Smruti
Published: September 2022

Gig economy is being increasingly popular globally across the sectors, positions and types of jobs. Despite the growing awareness of the benefits and challenges associated with gig jobs, little is known about what drives the younger generation to take up gig careers. The present study attempts to address this gap and better explain gig work intentions through extended TPB theory. The study rests on the premise that job seekers’ attitude towards gig jobs, belief in self-efficacy and the prevailing social norms influences the decision to make a gig career choice. Apart from these basic constructs of TPB model, impact of two additional factors (gig personality traits and gig work environment consisting of gig job demands and gig job resources based on JD-R model) on gig job intentions was measured to get a deeper understanding on predictors of gig jobs choices. Based on analysis of 471 responses from business management students studying in NIRF listed business schools in India, the study empirically reveals that all three basic constructs-gig job attitude, gig self-efficacy and social norms significantly influence management student’s gig job intentions. Gig job demands had a significant negative whereas gig job resources had a positive relationship with gig job intentions. The three personality traits did not have any direct significant relationship with gig job intentions. But the mediating role of gig job attitude between gig personality traits was also confirmed. The findings of the study contribute to literature on factors driving choice of gig jobs. It has huge implications for policy makers, organizations, business schools as well as society in general.
Skin necrosis following sclerotherapy. Part 2: Risk minimisation and management strategies
Authors: Kang Mina , Yang Anes , Hannaford Patricia , Connor David , Parsi Kurosh
Published: September 2022

Tissue necrosis is a serious but rare complication of sclerotherapy. Early detection and targeted management are essential to prevent progression and minimise serious complications. In the first instalment of this paper, we reviewed the pathogenic mechanisms of post-sclerotherapy necrosis. Here, we describe risk minimisation and management strategies.

Risk factors must be addressed to reduce the chance of necrosis following sclerotherapy. These may be treatment-related including poor choice of sclerosant type, concentration, volume or format, poor injection technique, suboptimal ultrasound visualisation and treatment of vessels in high-risk anatomical areas. Risk factors specific to individual patients should be identified and optimised pre-operatively.

Tissue necrosis is more likely to occur with extravasation of irritant sclerosants such as absolute alcohol, sodium iodide, bleomycin and hypertonic saline, whereas extravasation of foam detergent sclerosants rarely results in tissue loss. Proposed treatments for extravasation of irritant sclerosants include infiltration of an isotonic fluid and hyaluronidase. Management of inadvertent intra-arterial injections may require admission for neurovascular observation and monitoring for ischaemia, intravenous systemic steroids, anticoagulation, thrombolysis and prostanoids infusion when required. Treatment of veno-arteriolar reflex vasospasm (VAR-VAS) necrosis follows the same protocol involving systemic steroids but rarely requires hospital admission and may not require anticoagulation.

In general, treatment of post-sclerotherapy necrosis is challenging and most proposed treatment measures are not evidence-based and only supported by anecdotal personal experience of clinicians. Despite all measures, once the necrosis has set in, it is very difficult to reverse the process and all measures described here may only be useful in prevention of progression and extension of the ulceration.

Mid to long-term measures include addressing exacerbating factors, management of medical and psychosocial comorbidities, treatment of secondary infections and referrals to relevant specialists. All ulcers should be managed with compression and prescribed dressing regimes in line with the healing stage of the ulcer.
Deepening our understanding of psychedelics by expanding psychedelic data collection in the United States National Survey on Drug Use and Health
Authors: Barnett Brian S
Published: September 2022

Amid a reappraisal of the medicinal and societal worth of psychedelics in many countries, regulatory and financial barriers to conducting clinical research with these compounds appear to be receding. Still, there remains a strong need for a clearer understanding of naturalistic psychedelic use and its associated epidemiology, since this type of psychedelic use, which is growing in many places, will almost certainly always exceed clinical use. Furthermore, psychedelics behave differently depending on the settings in which they are used, meaning many research findings on their effects may significantly differ depending on the contexts in which they are observed. Therefore, improving the collection of data on real-world psychedelic use should be of higher priority for the public health community. Expanding data collection on psychedelic use in the United States National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an already vital tool for researchers examining naturalistic psychedelic use, could address this important public health need, helping ensure the general public, the scientific community, and regulators have access to high-quality information as peoples across the world reevaluate what psychedelics’ place in medicine and society should be.
CD5+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has heterogeneous clinical features and poor prognosis: a single-center retrospective study in China
Authors: Yin Ting , Qi Ling , Zhou Yulan , Kong Fancong , Wang Shixuan , Yu Min , Li Fei
Published: September 2022

Objective

De novo CD5-positive (CD5+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has different clinical characteristics compared with CD5-negative (CD5−) DLBCL. However, few studies have been reported in Chinese cohorts. We investigated the clinical features and prognosis of patients with CD5+ DLBCL and summarized the related literature.

Methods

Data from 245 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL were retrospectively assessed.

Results

Thirty-one and 214 patients were diagnosed with CD5+ DLBCL or CD5− DLBCL, respectively. In the CD5+ DLBCL group, there were significantly higher proportions of patients with older age (≥60 years), International Prognostic Index (IPI) ≥3, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores ≥ 2, bone marrow involvement, positive B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, and positive MYC expression. Survival analysis showed that CD5+ DLBCL had a markedly poorer 2-year progression-free survival than CD5− DLBCL (18.2% vs. 56.2%). Univariate analysis indicated that age ≥60 years, ECOG score ≥ 2, IPI ≥ 3, B symptoms, and no rituximab-based treatment were poor predictive factors for overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis revealed that B symptoms and no rituximab-based treatment, but not positive CD5 expression, were independent factors for OS.

Conclusions

Patients with CD5+ DLBCL had heterogeneous clinical characteristics and poor survival. The development of more targeted and effective therapies is needed.
The co-production of normal science: A social history of high-temperature superconductivity research in China (1987–2008)
Authors: Gu Chao
Published: September 2022

The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) was a momentous event. This article explores the social and institutional history of HTS research in China between 1987 and 2008. Desire for a Nobel Prize shaped the Chinese state’s initial push to establish the National Superconductivity Research Program. Yet, after the enthusiasm for HTS research cooled, and even after a Nobel Prize for HTS was awarded to non-Chinese scientists, financial and institutional support for the research continued. This process fostered the ‘to live’ ethos of science, which has replaced the Nobel Prize dream as a central mechanism of interaction between the state and science in China. Indeed, Chinese HTS research not only survived, but also produced an abundance of ‘normal science’ discoveries. This pattern continued after 2008, when Japanese scientists made the groundbreaking innovation of iron-based superconductivity and Chinese scientists quickly turned their attention to this sub-field. They published many papers pushing the field forward slightly, rather than making the largest scientific advances. The mutual interaction between the state and scientists underpinned this phenomenon: On the one hand, the productivity of normal science has helped to maintain state legitimacy. On the other hand, the evaluation and incentive systems, as well as deep-rooted cultural features such as officialism, utilitarianism, and the foregrounding of politics lead scientists to opportunistically pursue normal science. The state and scientists have co-produced a regime of normal science.
‘The half I keep’: John Berger’s Booker Prize speech fifty years later
Authors: Hudson Martyn
Published: September 2022

Fifty years after John Berger’s controversial acceptance speech for the Booker Prize in 1972, in which he highlighted Booker McConnell’s involvement in the colonial exploitation of the Caribbean and announced that he would donate half of the prize money to the British Black Panthers and use the other half to research the situation of European migrant workers, the author reflects on the implications of the speech for anti-racist struggle in the 1970s and today, as well as the direction of Berger’s work after this pivotal intervention.
The vibration of viscothermoelastic static pre-stress nanobeam based on two-temperature dual-phase-lag heat conduction and subjected to ramp-type heat
Authors: Youssef Hamdy M , Al-Lehaibi Eman AN
Published: September 2022

In this work, the two-temperature dual-phase-lag theorem has been used to present an analytical mathematical model for calculating the vibration in a viscothermoelastic nano-resonator. The governing equations have been derived when a simply supported nano-resonator is exposed to a ramp-type thermal load and static pre-stress. The governing equations have been solved by using a direct method and obtained the solution in the Laplace transform domain where the inversions of the Laplace transform have been calculated by using the Tzou approximation method. The increments of the dynamic and conductive temperatures, volumetric deformation, and stress regarding the resonator length for various cases of temperature type, static-pre-stress, and viscothermoelastic properties with different values of ramping heat parameter have been presented in figures and studied. The parameter of the two-temperature model, static pre-stress, ramp-type heat parameter, and viscothermoelastic parameter has a significant impact on all functions studied. The ramping time parameter may be utilized to change the thermal and mechanical properties of the nano-resonator.
Encrypted Transfer of Traffic Sign Information for Advanced Driving Assistance Systems Using Invisible Security Patches
Authors: Karaaslan Enes , Zakaria Mahta , Ercan Tolga , Sen Burak , Laman Haluk , Banihashemi Mohamadreza , Pol James
Published: September 2022

Adversarial attacks pose serious traffic safety risks that could potentially impede the deployment of automated driving systems (ADS). Recent discoveries show that imperceptible perturbations (also referred to as adversarial attacks) to inputs of deep neural networks employed in these systems could impair their image recognition and prediction capabilities. Adversarial attacks can misguide advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) to misclassify a traffic sign (e.g., classify a stop sign as a speed limit sign), causing the vehicle to accelerate instead of stop, which may potentially result in catastrophic incidents. This paper investigates encrypted invisible security patches placed on traffic signs and an onboard machine-vision system that can be integrated into the ADAS (i.e., ADS and cooperative adaptive cruise control systems). The security patches are essentially a visual representation of encrypted hash values generated via a one-way cryptographic algorithm. In this way, every traffic sign will be associated with a unique security pattern that can only be recognized by the proposed machine-vision technology. Additionally, these patches will be made invisible with the help of ultraviolet reflective sign technology. The proposed methodology aims to bring an additional security layer to sign recognition to enhance the reliability of ADAS. If a traffic sign is physically altered to attempt an adversarial threat, the security patch on the sign will not match with the sign information, and the driver will receive a warning to take control of the driving. For self-driving vehicles, a signal will be sent to the autonomous vehicle to enforce a safe driving action.
Polarization and Persuasion: Engaging Sociology in the Moral Universe of a Divided Democracy
Authors: Downey Dennis J.
Published: September 2022

Our divided democracy—characterized by partisan polarization and moralized opposition—presents significant challenges to sociologists who would use our discipline to create a more just society. I focus here on the strategic role of, and need for, deeper engagement across the political divide. I review current research on polarization—increasingly focused on attitudinal consolidation and partisan identity—to emphasize challenges to and opportunities for persuasion. I call for increased engagement in three strategic subfields of sociology: (1) social movements, to integrate persuasion more centrally into theories and research on collective social action; (2) social psychology, to engage the interdisciplinary field of moral cognition to develop effective strategies for persuasion; and (3) rural sociology, to understand more deeply the perspectives and moral frameworks essential to engagement across the divide.
Parotid Surgery With Concurrent Bilateral Rhytidectomy
Authors: Bueno Scott , Sanovich Randy , Schlieve Thomas
Published: September 2022

Facial reconstruction after parotid surgery can present an aesthetic challenge. This case series describes an asymmetric cervicofacial rhytidectomy technique at the time of parotid surgery to achieve defect closure as well as volume augmentation of the postablative deformity. While unilateral superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) flaps after parotid tumor extirpation have been described many times, this is the first reported case series of parotid tumor resection with concurrent bilateral cervicofacial rhytidectomy. This series consists of two adult females with unilateral facial swelling who also desired facial rejuvenation surgery. They separately presented to the University of Texas Southwestern Maxillofacial Surgery team and proceeded to have unilateral parotid tumor removal with concurrent bilateral cervicofacial rhytidectomy. To give context to this case series, the authors also searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to look for previously reported similar cases. The authors were able to address the patients’ functional as well as aesthetic concerns with a single surgery in a safe manner. Ipsilateral to the tumor resection, there was a sizeable loss in volume in both cases. Therefore, a vascularized SMAS flap was imbricated to provide volume, while a selective SMAS removal and plication was used on the contralateral side to achieve symmetric volume bilaterally. A comprehensive literature search demonstrated one previous report of concurrent bilateral cervicofacial rhytidectomy with parotid tumor extirpation. Despite the prevalence of utilizing a rhytidectomy incision for parotid surgery, there is a dearth of literature describing concurrent bilateral cervicofacial rhytidectomy with parotid tumor extirpation. Functionally, it has been shown to decrease the incidence of gustatory sweating on the side of reconstruction. Aesthetically, the surgeon is not only re-establishing the volume by augmenting the ablative defect, but also creating a symmetrical postoperative appearance by performing a reductive rhytidectomy on the contralateral side. Utilizing an asymmetric bilateral cervicofacial rhytidectomy at the time of parotid surgery can be an efficient technique for aesthetically reconstructing a patient with a parotid mass. It should be considered in patients with benign parotid disease who have the desire for facial rejuvenation surgery.
Do Fairly-Decided Maltreatment Determinations Significantly Reduce Recidivism? A Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of a System-Level Intervention Implementation
Authors: Smith Slep Amy M. , Heyman Richard E. , Mitnick Danielle M. , Lorber Michael F. , Nichols Sara R. , Perkins Daniel F.
Published: September 2022

Two studies examined the impact of the implementation of the Field-tested Assessment, Intervention-planning, and Response (FAIR) system, a system-level intervention for determining whether allegations of family maltreatment meet threshold for abuse or neglect, on alleged recidivism. Data were collected at the 10 U.S. Army installations with the largest family maltreatment caseloads. Participants were family members who had an allegation of family maltreatment (i.e., child maltreatment or partner abuse) during one of the two study periods. Data were collected when Family Advocacy Program staff used the then-in-place system (Case Review Committee) and later the FAIR system. In Study 1, cases were followed for 6 months following the initial maltreatment allegation to measure the occurrence of subsequent allegations of any type. Additionally, at five installations, alleged victims of partner abuse were recruited into a study (Study 2) in which they anonymously reported on intimate partner violence via telephone. In Study 1, the advantage for the FAIR condition was concentrated in cases with unsubstantiated initial determinations; the mean relative risk reduction for recidivism was 0.48. In Study 2, FAIR extended median time to recidivism by approximately 170%. These results replicate and extend earlier findings that employing the FAIR system can result in decreased family maltreatment re-offense.
Development of adolescents’ self-esteem and general academic self-concept: perceived classroom climate makes a difference
Authors: Scherrer Vsevolod , Hank Petra , Preckel Franzis
Published: September 2022

We investigated rank-order continuity and mean-level change in adolescents’ self-esteem, academic self-concept, and social self-concept and tested whether interindividual differences in intraindividual change could be explained by four dimensions of classroom climate (i.e., teachers’ focus on students, learning community, pressure related to social or achievement issues, and rivalry and disruptions in class). The effects of classroom climate dimensions were investigated at the individual and classroom levels. The study comprised 2722 students from 98 classes who participated in four waves from grades 5 to 8. Rank-order continuities of self-esteem, academic self-concept, and social self-concept were substantial. Multilevel regressions revealed a significant nonlinear mean-level change in all constructs under investigation, indicating an initial decrease that became smaller over time. In self-esteem and social self-concept, the trend shifted from an initial decrease to an increase. Multilevel regressions revealed significant interindividual differences in the changes over time in all constructs. Change in academic self-concept was significantly predicted by all classroom climate dimensions on the individual level. Change in self-esteem was predicted by teachers’ focus on students and pressure related to social or achievement issues on the individual level. Change in social self-concept was not predicted by any classroom climate dimension.
Care of the hospitalised patient receiving peritoneal dialysis: Your questions answered
Authors: Albakr Rehab B , Bargman Joanne M
Published: September 2022

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients have higher hospitalisation rates than the general population. The hospitalisations are not always related to dialysis issues, and physicians with little or no experience with PD may be responsible for the care of these hospitalised patients. Furthermore, the hospital may not be familiar with or equipped to manage these patients. This review highlights barriers, knowledge gaps and management strategies to guide the care of hospitalised PD patients.
Fidaxomicin-Associated Hypersensitivity Reactions: Report of a Morbilliform Drug Eruption
Authors: Molleti Radha R. , Bidell Monique R. , Tatara Alexandra W.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

We report a probable case of morbilliform drug eruption secondary to fidaxomicin in a patient with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Summary: A 62-year-old female presented to our institution’s emergency department (ED) with symptoms consistent with Clostridioides difficile infection. The patient was prescribed 2 weeks of oral vancomycin for CDI prior to presentation. Given insufficient response to vancomycin, the patient was started on fidaxomicin with a planned 10-day course. After 2 doses of fidaxomicin, the patient developed a rash on her back that spread within 24 hours. The patient did not experience relief upon administration of a variety of medications for allergic reaction. Improvement was noted upon discontinuation of fidaxomicin. The Food and Drug Administration reports that < 2% of adults treated with fidaxomicin experience a rash as an adverse effect. Conclusion: Fidaxomicin was a probable cause of morbilliform drug eruption in our patient with CDI. The patient improved upon discontinuation of fidaxomicin.
Coupled VOF and Level-Set methods for simulating nozzle geometry effect on axisymmetric water jet breakup
Authors: Dahia Ahmed , Mokadem Boumaza , Amina Lyria Cheridi , Aguedal Hakim
Published: September 2022

In this work, a numerical investigation of nozzle geometry effect on axisymmetric water jet breakup by coupling the Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) method with Level-Set (LS) was carried out. Through this coupling, the benefit from the advantages of both approaches in order to get better results is realized. The impact of two nozzle geometries (cone-up and cone-down configurations) on the characteristics of water jets flow downstream of the nozzle has been discussed for pressures below 172 bars. Flow was assumed to be two dimensional, viscous, incompressible, and unsteady. Velocity distributions, turbulence sensitivity, and flow discharge coefficient Cd was examined as a function of Reynolds number and injection pressure. CFD simulations have been validated with the published experimental data of Vahedi et al. and Ghassemieh et al. After simulation, it can be found that the calculated solutions are in good agreement with experiment data. The agreement between the calculations and the experimental data indicates that the model provides a good prediction of the discharge coefficient. The pressure injection and turbulence have a great influence on the velocity profile and the intact length.
Influence of tooth root cracks on the mesh stiffness of asymmetric spur gear pair with different backup ratios
Authors: Doğan Oğuz , Kalay Onur Can , Karpat Fatih
Published: September 2022

Gears are critical machine elements that transmit power and motion in diverse implementation fields. Over time, gears may produce a series of faults due to harsh operating conditions, fatigue, manufacturing errors, etc., leading to severe performance degradation. During the meshing process, the stiffness of a single tooth controls the load sharing, vibration, and noise characteristics of a geared system. An undetected fault could decrease the gear stiffness and thus may lead to a fatal breakdown, substantial economic losses, or even human casualties in safety-critical applications such as helicopters, high-speed trains, and wind turbines. Hence, the accurate quantification of the gear stiffness emerges as an important research area to obtain reliable gear designs. With this in mind, the asymmetric tooth concept offers superior bending strength, fatigue propagation life, and the ability to lessen vibration over the standard (symmetric) designs in applications where unidirectional loadings are predominant. This study investigates the influence of tooth root cracks on the single-tooth and meshing stiffness characteristics of the standard and asymmetric involute spur gears. To this end, the numerical crack propagation paths obtained in our previous works were introduced to the created 3D CAD geometries. Subsequently, the single tooth stiffness of both healthy and cracked (2 5%-50%-75%-100%) gears was calculated through the ANSYS® Workbench, and the time-varying mesh stiffness was obtained. The present study evaluated the effects of backup ratio and the tooth asymmetry on the spur gears’ meshing stiffness characteristics simultaneously and further expanded the scope of the research work. The results indicated that the single tooth stiffness and mesh stiffness could be improved by 35% and 22%, respectively, as the drive side pressure angle increased from 20° to 35°. It has been noted that the gear stiffness decreased as the crack level increased, while the increment of the backup ratio further increased the reduction in the stiffness. The findings could provide significant outputs for a better understanding of the influence of tooth asymmetry on the gear dynamics characteristics, life prediction, and early fault diagnosis.
Winner Takes All! What Are Race Models, and Why and How Should Psychologists Use Them?
Authors: Heathcote Andrew , Matzke Dora
Published: September 2022

Interest in the processes that mediate between stimuli and responses is at the heart of most modern psychology and neuroscience. These processes cannot be directly measured but instead must be inferred from observed responses. Race models, through their ability to account for both response choices and response times, have been a key enabler of such inferences. Examples of such models appeared contemporaneously with the cognitive revolution, and since then have become increasingly prominent and elaborated, so that psychologists now have a powerful array of race models at their disposal. We showcase the state of the art for race models and describe why and how they are used.
Theories of Context Effects in Multialternative, Multiattribute Choice
Authors: Trueblood Jennifer S.
Published: September 2022

Over the past several decades, researchers in psychology, neuroscience, marketing, and economics have been keen to understand context effects in multialternative, multiattribute decision making. These effects occur when choices among existing alternatives are altered by the addition of a new alternative to the choice set. The effects violate classic decision theories and have led to the development of computational and mathematical models that explain how underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms give rise to the effects. This article reviews dynamic models of these effects, comparing mechanisms across models. Most models of context effects incorporate an attention mechanism, which suggests that attention plays an important role in multialternative, multiattribute decision making. I conclude by discussing recent empirical studies of attention and context effects and hypothesize that changes in attention could be responsible for recently observed reversals in context effects.
The Interface between Political Ecology and Actor–Network Theory: Exploring the Reality of Waste
Authors: Rath Swatiprava , Swain Pranaya Kumar
Published: September 2022

The human–environment relationship and its association is a prominent discourse in many academic disciplines. Environmental pollution, climate change and vulnerabilities associated with waste have been major concerns for policymakers, activists and academicians across the globe over the past two decades. However, it remains under-theorised despite its significance in the academic world. Waste being a physical and external phenomenon makes it difficult for social science researchers to understand all of its sociocultural aspects with the help of any existing theoretical paradigm. This article addresses the urgent need to understand the multidimensional nature of waste and waste management with the help of political ecology and actor–network theory (ANT). The article provides the areas of possible linkages between both theories to study waste with the help of secondary research tools like the literature review. By adopting theoretical pluralism and a pragmatic approach, this article aims at explaining waste-related issues through the theoretical lens of political ecology and ANT, which corroborate and extend each other on the aspects of analysing the power structure in waste issues, in exploring the changing relationship between waste and people in the globalised world.
Music Teachers in U.S. Charter Schools: A Multistate Profile
Authors: Martin Lisa D. , Browning Sophie
Published: September 2022

This descriptive survey study aimed to investigate the professional experiences of music educators teaching at charter schools in the United States. In the spring of 2020, a total of 113 charter school music teachers across six states responded to an online questionnaire soliciting information regarding their licensure status, background and training, details of their teaching assignment, and reasons for accepting a teaching position in the charter school setting. At the time of data collection, approximately two thirds of participants held an active music teaching license. Others either held licensure in other content areas or held no active teaching license at all. Among study participants, approximately one third left positions at traditional public schools to teach music in the charter school system, citing the appeal of curricular autonomy and job flexibility. The discussion includes considerations for music teacher preparation programs.
“Pornography Encouraged Me to Belittle Women”: A Thematic Analysis of Men's Reflections on Violence Against Women and Ceasing Pornography Use
Authors: Jovanovski Natalie , Tyler Meagan
Published: September 2022

Within a context of increasingly ubiquitous pornography consumption among men, little is known about men who reject pornography, their motivations to stop consuming it, and their concerns about the treatment of women. In this article, we explore the stated motivations of 124 men who have decided to stop consuming pornography, in order to understand what role—if any—concerns about violence against women and gender equality played in their decision. Specifically, we focus on the implications of these findings for future research on the role of men in preventing or addressing harmful attitudes about women through their everyday practices.
Authorising managers in management development?
Authors: Knudsen Morten , Larsson Magnus , Mogensen Mette
Published: September 2022

This article explores the relationship between management and leadership development and leadership practice. Critical studies of management and leadership development programmes have mainly focused on such programmes as spaces for identity work and/or identity regulation. This article extends the literature by investigating the notion of organisation, the organisational view, in a large management and leadership development programme and how it works as a source of authority for the participating managers. Our inquiry is based on ethnographic studies of both an in-house management and leadership development programme in a large Danish public organisation and of the managerial practice of six participating managers. Drawing on a communicative constitution of organisations perspective, we analyse how the management and leadership development programme (re)produces a unitarist organisational text, an organisational view that assumes the members of the organisation have the same goals and perspectives. We further analyse how this organisational text shapes the authority relationships that managers engage in in their leadership practice. The article demonstrates how the unitarist organisational text fails in authorising participating managers as it clashes with the plurality of perspectives and interests in the organisation and is not recognised as a source of authority by employees and collaborators.
Does sex impact outcomes after mitral valve surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: EL-Andari Ryaan , Bozso Sabin J. , Fialka Nicholas M. , Kang Jimmy J.H. , Nagendran Jeevan
Published: September 2022

Background and objective:

The published literature investigating the impact of sex on outcomes after mitral valve (MV) surgery has demonstrated inferior outcomes for females over males. However, the true relationship between sex and outcomes after MV surgery continues to be poorly understood.

Materials:

PubMed, Medline, and Embase were systematically searched for articles published from 1 January 2005 to 1 August 2021. This systematic review included retrospective and prospective studies investigating the relationship between sex and outcomes after MV surgery. In all, 2068 articles were initially screened and 12 studies were included in this review.

Results:

Few studies were adequately powered or structured to investigate this topic. Few studies propensity matched patients or isolated for surgical approach. In individual studies, females experienced increased rates of short-term and long-term mortality and increased 1-year mortality in the pooled data. Males experienced increased rates of required pacemaker insertion. The remaining rates of morbidity and mortality did not differ significantly between males and females.

Conclusions:

This review identified increased rates of 1-year mortality in the pooled data for females, while males had increased rates of pacemaker insertion. Despite this, the absence of propensity matching and isolating for surgical approach has introduced confounding variables that impair the ability of the included studies to interpret the results found in the current literature. Studies isolating for surgical approach, propensity matching patients, and examining outcomes with long-term follow-up are required to elucidate the true nature of this relationship.
Recent progress on performance and control of linear engine generator
Authors: Ngwaka Ugochukwu , Chen Feixue , Qiu Shuheng , Li Mingqiang , Zhang Chi , Wu Dawei
Published: September 2022

Linear engines, or widely called free piston engines, have their advantages compared to conventional engines with crankshafts, for example, lower friction loss, compact structure, fuel adaptability, flexible compression ratio, etc. Among the linear engine conceptual designs and prototypes, Linear Engine Generator (LEG) incorporating a linear engine (internal or external combustion) and a linear alternator provides an alternative and attractive solution for hybrid electrical powertrains in transport applications. Due to the advantages of linear engines, hydrogen, synthetic hydrogen carrier fuels and biofuels are easier to adopt on LEG, making it an appealing technology for decarbonisation. This paper explicitly reviews LEG research and development on state-of-art solutions and recent progress in linear engine improvement, linear alternator design optimisation, and integrated LEG system control. Key performance indicators of the linear engine generator, like power output, thermal and electrical efficiency, etc., are summarised to present a general picture of up-to-date LEG development. Recommendations for further LEG development are provided at the end of the paper regarding the review outcomes.
Gamification of dementia education in hospitals: a knowledge translation project
Authors: Hung Lillian , Mann Jim , Battersby Lupin , Parappilly Beena , Butcher Colleen , Vicic Alicia
Published: September 2022

This knowledge translation study qualitatively explores strategies that facilitated hospital staff engagement in online educational games for dementia education. Interdisciplinary staff (n = 2010) in 10 hospitals played online games to learn about basic communication techniques. We identified five facilitating strategies, E-GAME: Easy access to learning, Give both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, Apply implementation science theory, Multiple tools, and Evaluation. This article offers useful tips for educators to innovate dementia education for practice improvement.
The empire of the narrative: Plan making through the prism of classical and postclassical narratologies
Authors: Matthey Laurent , Ambal Julie , Gaberell Simon , Cogato Lanza Elena
Published: September 2022

This article theorizes the “narrative turn” in urban planning studies, using Gérard Genette’s work to differentiate first- and second-degree narratives. Genette defines the latter as paratexts that determine the public’s reception of the former. The article assesses how second-degree narratives work with different perceptual regimes to construct the reception of the political vision of territory. To that end, it resorts to the recent work of postclassical narratology. Indeed, the latter is particularly interested in the way in which the narrative, in various forms, affects its addressee. Postclassical narratology allows us to renew the theory of narrative in urban planning by focusing on what hypothetically happens in the consciousness of the receiver of the narrative when he or she becomes aware of it. Consequently, the paper sheds light on an emerging aspect of the design process: disambiguating signals embedded in urban planning documents intended for a wider public.
From evidence to assessment: Developing a scenario-based computational design algorithm to support informed decision-making in primary care clinic design workflow
Authors: Rastegar Raha M , Saghafi Moghaddam Sara , Haghnazar Ramtin , Zimring Craig
Published: September 2022

This paper describes a method to tailor computational design algorithms to evaluate human-centric outputs in architectural projects by presenting a case study that evaluates teamwork affordance for primary care clinics. We argue that computational design assessment techniques fall short of evaluating those human experiences that stem from multiple interactions between individuals and the surrounding environment. This research suggests that future computational design algorithms could benefit from incorporating scenario-based methods developed in the field of evidence-based design, in which studies are concerned about improving qualitative goals. Through this case study, we describe the process of prototyping a computational design algorithm based on the Functional Scenario Analysis approach, applying the algorithm to evaluate case studies, visualizing findings, and extracting design strategies based on the analysis results. This method offers a new vision of how computational design can benefit informed decision-making processes and generate design alternatives aligned with a project’s design goals.
Negative-pressure wound therapy as an adjunct to treating pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Mulholland Orlagh , Middleton David , Hunter Helen
Published: September 2022

Negative-pressure wound therapy has been shown to be effective in re-epithelialisation in recalcitrant pyoderma gangrenosum. This case documents a patient whose co-morbidities limited the standard treatment options and required an alternative management plan. The STOP GAP randomised control trial found that both oral prednisolone and ciclosporin were equally effective in the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum. However, in this case, the patient had type 2 diabetes and prednisolone resulted in persistently elevated blood glucose levels. Lower doses were ineffective and it was subsequently stopped once other treatments showed a clinical improvement. A recent diagnosis of breast cancer prevented the use of ciclosporin and other immunosuppressive treatments. After multidisciplinary discussion, involving breast surgeons, oncology, dermatology and tissue viability, doxycycline was commenced alongside a portable negative-pressure device with twice weekly tissue viability input. The introduction of this device resulted in a rapid reduction in the wound size and facilitated healing with an excellent outcome.
Changes in systemic inflammation after pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD and severe physical inactivity – an exploratory study
Authors: Thyregod Mimi , Løkke Anders , Skou Søren T. , Larsen Jacob , Bodtger Uffe
Published: September 2022

Background: Severe physical inactivity (SPI) in patients with COPD is associated with a poor prognosis. It is unknown whether there is a link between SPI and systemic inflammation, and if systemic inflammation in SPI changes following pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).

Methods: A prospective, observational study of patients referred for at least 7 weeks of PR comprising 2 h of exercise therapy and education twice weekly. At baseline and after PR, daily physical activity level (PAL) was measured with a validated activity monitor, SenseWear® as well as systemic inflammation: b-eosinophils, p-fibrinogen, p-CRP, s-IL-6 and s-CD 163. SPI was defined as PAL <1.4.

Results: At baseline, SPI was present in 31 of the 57 patients included, and 23% (7/31) improved to non-SPI after PR. We observed no differences between patients with SPI and non-SPI, except baseline plasma fibrinogen level was slightly yet significantly higher in patients with SPI (median 13.3 [6.2–23.6] vs 11.2 [6.5–16.7] µmol/l) but change in fibrinogen levels differed insignificantly between patients who improved to non-SPI at follow-up compared to patients with persistent SPI (−0.6 [−16.9–9.9] vs −0.4 [−11.2–1.2] µmol/l).

Conclusion: SPI in COPD appears not to be associated with a distinct inflammatory profile compared to less sedentary COPD patients attending pulmonary rehabilitation. Currently biomarkers have no role in the detection of SPI in COPD.
The continuing evolution of barcode applications: Functional toxicology to cell lineage
Authors: Fasullo Michael , Dolan Michael
Published: September 2022

DNA barcoding is a method to identify biological entities, including individual cells, tissues, organs, or species, by unique DNA sequences. With the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS), there has been an exponential increase in data acquisition pertaining to medical diagnosis, genetics, toxicology, ecology, cancer, and developmental biology. While barcoding first gained wide access in identifying species, signature tagged mutagenesis has been useful in elucidating gene function, particularly in microbes. With the advent of CRISPR/CAS9, methodology to profile eukaryotic genes has made a broad impact in toxicology and cancer biology. Designed homing guide RNAs (hgRNAs) that self-target DNA sequences facilitate cell lineage barcoding by introducing stochastic mutations within cell identifiers. While each of these applications has their limitations, the potential of sequence barcoding has yet to be realized. This review will focus on signature-tagged mutagenesis and briefly discuss the history of barcoding, experimental problems, novel detection methods, and future directions.
Efficacy of Abductor Pollicis Longus Suspension Arthroplasty Combined With Mini TightRope for Osteoarthritis of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint
Authors: Yamaura Kohei , Inui Atsuyuki , Mifune Yutaka , Mukohara Shintaro , Furukawa Takahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: September 2022

Background:

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of abductor pollicis longus (APL) suspension arthroplasty with trapeziectomy combined with first and second metacarpal fixation using suture button device.

Methods:

Thirteen patients (14 thumbs) who underwent APL suspension arthroplasty combined with suture button device for osteoarthritis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (Eaton grade III: 6 and IV: 8 thumbs) at our institution between 2015 and 2019 and were followed up for more than 24 months were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative range of motion (ROM) of radial and palmar abduction, grip and key pinch strength, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain, and the trapezial space ratio (TSR) on radiographic images before and after surgery were statistically examined.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 59.6 ± 8.1 years, and the mean follow-up period was 45.4 ± 12.2 months. While grip and pinch strength did not significantly change between preoperative and final follow-up measurements, the ROM of radial and palmar abduction and the VAS score at the latest follow-up were significantly better than the preoperative values ( P < .05). The mean TSR immediately after surgery and at the latest follow-up was 0.28 ± 0.089 and 0.22 ± 0.084, respectively, indicating a mean reduction rate of 23.3 ± 15.2%.

Conclusions:

This surgical technique showed significant improvement in the ROM of radial and palmar abduction and the VAS score for pain, and the combined fixation of the first and second metacarpals with suture button device suppressed the subsidence of the first metacarpal.