bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socialización diferenciada por razón de género en Educación Infantil: un estudio etnográfico
Authors: Martínez García Lindsay
Published: July 2018

El artículo analiza la forma en que los niños y niñas construyen su identidad de género dentro de los centros escolares y, concretamente, durante la etapa de educación infantil. Para ello, se han llevado a cabo veintisiete observaciones participantes durante el juego libre dentro de un centro escolar. Una vez terminado el periodo de observación, se organizaron tres grupos de discusión con infantes de diferentes edades para narrarles el cuento de "La princesa vestida con una bolsa de papel",  relato en el que los protagonistas toman papeles opuestos a los de los cuentos tradicionales. Los resultados de la investigación constatan que  el sesgo de género se acentúa conforme aumenta la edad del alumnado al desarrollar, algunos niños y niñas, una serie de estrategias que les permiten mantenerse dentro del patrón de género dominante.Por el contrario, los niños y niñas capaces de transgredir la categoría género, en la mayor parte de las ocasiones, tienden a encubrir sus verdaderos gustos y preferencias para lograr ser aceptados por sus compañeros y compañeras. De esta forma, se establece un sistema jerárquico dentro de la escuela que otorga un status elevado a aquellos estudiantes que se adecúan al canon preestablecido, a la vez que se sancionan y reprimen los comportamientos del quienes se sienten más identificados con las conductas socialmente apropiadas al género opuesto.
Freedom Is Power: Reinventing Representative Democracy
Authors: Hamilton Lawrence
Published: July 2018

In this article I propose a different founding view of liberty to help reinvent representative democracy: freedom as power through representation. I argue that representation and associated relations of power can be assessed contextually in terms of whether they enable or disable domination and enhance judgment in politics. I submit that freedom obtains if and only if the existing forms of representation manage power relations to minimize domination in the determination of needs and interests. I end by proposing a set of institutional changes for reinventing representative democracy in line with my account of freedom as power through representation. These include ideas around district assemblies, a revitalized consiliar system, an updated tribunate of the plebs, and constitutional revision. I thereby suggest that my account of liberty in Freedom Is Power would underpin a more robust, critical view of representative democracy.
Postcolonial Republicanism and the Revival of a Paradigm
Authors: Ramgotra Manjeet K.
Published: July 2018

Why did republicanism enjoy a revival in interest in the sixties and seventies and a “rediscovery” in the history of Western political thought? Over the twentieth century, many new states created through processes of decolonization conceptualized themselves as independent sovereign republics. Yet the main thrust of the study of republicanism has focused on the development of the classical paradigm centered on virtue, citizenship, and self-government in Western political thought that culminated in American and French republican foundings. This historical excavation of the republican paradigm elides postcolonial republican foundings. This article contends there is a reclaiming of the republican tradition and practice as Western that perpetuates the division between the West and non-West. This article examines the impact of Machiavellian virtue/fortune on Arendt and Pocock's republican historiography and demonstrates that their understandings contribute to a dualistic historiography of Western and postcolonial republics and contends that India's republican founding transformed Western republican conceptions.
Análisis de la reforma al sistema de ahorro para pensiones
Authors: Sorto Rivas Francisco
Published: June 2018

El presente trabajo consiste en el análisis de la reciente reforma a la Ley del SAP, aprobada mediante el Decreto Legislativo 787, del 28 de septiembre de este año, 2017. La denominada Reforma Integral de Pensiones redujo el valor de las prestaciones del SAP, aliviando con ello la presión existente sobre las finanzas públicas y preservando, a la vez, la administración privada de los ahorros para el retiro de los trabajadores.En los medios de comunicación se han destacado las virtudes del consenso logrado para reformar la Ley del SAP, argumentando que con ello se viabilizarían, luego, otro tipo de acuerdos de nación, particularmente, en material fiscal. De las reiteradas declaraciones se desprendería que todos los actores relevantes a la problemática han ganado con la reforma, tanto el Gobierno, los operadores del sistema y hasta los trabajadores. ¿Pero cómo puede ser posible esto?En este breve análisis se mostrará cómo mediante la reforma de pensiones se trasladó cerca del 50% de las obligaciones que tenía el Estado con el sistema, a los afiliados activos del SAP y, que además, redujo las obligaciones que tenía con otros afiliados al SAP, tanto activos como pasivos, identificados mediante el apelativo de “optados”, por pertenecer a una franja etaria determinada cuando entró en operaciones el actual sistema de contribución definida, en abril de 1998.Hay muchos cambios en la Ley, pero lo esencial de la reforma denominada integral, fue la extinción de obligaciones fiscales, preservando la administración privada del ahorro para el retiro.Cabe aclarar que muchos de esos cambios carecen de fundamentación doctrinaria desde la perspectiva de la Seguridad Social y por ende, tienden a aumentar la vulnerabilidad de la población afiliada al SAP, en vez de mitigarla.Estoy seguro que, en caso de haberse resulto primero el problema fiscal del país, la reforma de pensiones hubiera tenía un enfoque diferente, aunque eso supusiera implementar cambios en el diseño original del sistema, pero sin desnaturalizarlo tanto.Sólo para poner un ejemplo, el adelanto de saldos parecería tener una finalidad funcional, más que responder a una eventualidad concreta que afecte un hito de la vida del trabajador al retirarse del mercado laboral; de hecho, es una paradoja desde el punto de vista de las decisiones intertemporales de consumo, tomando de base la teoría del ingreso permanenteDaría la impresión que esto se incluyó en la reforma para desviar la atención de la reducción en el monto de las pensiones y del traslado de obligaciones de la Hacienda Pública a la Hacienda Privada de los trabajadores afiliados al SAP.AKADEMOS, Año 11, Vol. 1, No 28, Enero-Junio 2017: 9-49
Agentes, formações profissionais e trajetórias sociais: notas sobre os integrantes do Conselho de Administração (CAd) da Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR) entre 1998 e 2002
Authors: Oliveira Marcus Roberto de
Published: July 2018

Em conjunturas que envolvem o planejamento, a implantação e a execução de serviços de água e esgoto numa dada região, a mobilização de inúmeros agentes sociais torna evidente a existência (e a operação) de campos sociais. Numa diversidade de agentes sociais, habitus e interesses, operam e entrelaçam-se uma significativa quantidade de campos sociais; como por exemplo, os campos político, empresarial, profissional, jurídico entre outros. Assim, nos contextos em que os serviços de água e esgoto são planejados, implantados executados e administrados, os campos sociais vigentes podem ser compreendidos enquanto subcampos componentes de um amplo campo: um campo social Água e Esgoto (AE). No intuito de compreender tal dinâmica, o presente texto buscará uma reflexão acerca das formações profissionais e das trajetórias sociais dos integrantes do Conselho de Administração (CAd) da Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR) entre 1998 e 2002. Nesse intervalo, expressivos capitais foram movimentados.
Judaism and Jewish Business Practices
Authors: Dunn Samuel L. , Jensen Joshua D.
Published: July 2018

Today’s global business environment is extremely diverse. With the business tools and resources that are available today, organizations of any size can create a global footprint easier than ever before. Today’s business professionals must be educated and trained in how to effectively interact with multiple cultures in order to successfully navigate the global business environment. Knowledge, acceptance, and appreciation of various cultures along with a fervent understanding of business practices in various cultures is required of the 21st century global business professional. This paper focuses on Jewish culture and how it manifests itself through Jewish business practices. The purpose of this paper is to give the reader a basic understanding of the principal branches of Judaism, a history of Judaism, an explanation of Jewish beliefs, and an introduction to Jewish business practices in hopes that further study will be elicited.
The Roles of Islamic Religiosity, Brand Image and Knowledge on Relationship between Perceived Value and Tourist Satisfaction: A Review
Authors: Hakimi Nashrul , Binti Che Nawi Noorshella , Ismail Mohamad , Zaki Muhamad Hasan Md , Hery Ibrahim Asrul , Azwin Md Nasir Noorul
Published: June 2018

Islamic tourism industry must be innovative to remain competitive in an increasingly global economic. This conceptual paper examines the relationship between key component and factor that can affect the customer satisfaction in the Islamic tourism industry. The paper conceptualizes perceived value, brand image and Islamic attributes to studies the relationship that exists in the industry. The paper also uses knowledge and religiosity to investigate the moderate factor that exists in the framework between Islamic attributes and customer satisfaction. This paper will shed some light on measuring customer behavior in tourism from Islamic perspective. The dimension use in this paper also could be used as a base for tailoring Islamic tourist packages.
The Role of the Participatory Depositor in the Governance of Islamic Banks
Authors: Franzoni Simona , Ait Allali Asma
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper is to verify whether participatory depositors, a special category of stakeholder that entrusts its savings to the Islamic Bank on the basis of the Profit and Loss Sharing principle, could be better protected by providing for them to be represented in the governance bodies of the Bank.The analysis that was carried out and consideration of potential risks this category of saver could be exposed to shows the need to ensure greater protection to participatory depositors compared to other stakeholders. Three working hypotheses on the protection method to be applied are formulated.The study was carried out on the basis of a comparative analysis of four case studies from Malaysia, Morocco, Germany and Italy respectively.The performed analysis has led to the conclusion that the representation of participatory depositors should be provided in specific corporate governance committees.
The Impact of Power Structures on Supply Chain Enterprises with Carbon Emission Reduction Decisions
Authors: Dandan Fan , Qi Xu
Published: June 2018

This paper focuses on analyzing the impact of power structures of supply chain enterprises on their carbon emission reduction decisions. First, three game models (Nash, Manufacturer Stackelberg and Retailer Stackelberg) are constructed according to members’ different bargaining power, respectively. Then, the optimal carbon emission reduction decisions and profits of supply chain enterprises in different game models are solved and compared. The research results show that supply chain enterprises have the lowest carbon emission reduction rate in Nash game, and their corresponding profits are the least. As for Stackelberg game, the carbon emission reduction rate as a leader is greater than that as a follower, but the profit as a leader is less than that as a follower. The total profit of the entire supply chain system in Manufacturer Stackelberg model is always greater than that in Retailer Stackelberg model.
Role of Jordanian Universities in Facing Cultural Globalization
Authors: Al-Eid Lana Khalil , AlZboon Mohammad Saleem
Published: June 2018

This study aimed at identifying the role of Jordanian universities in facing cultural globalization as perceived by students. Moreover, exploring if there are differences in the study sample concerning the role of Jordanian universities in facing cultural globalization due to the gender variable. In order to accomplish the objective of the study, a (31) items questionnaire was developed and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Then it was distributed to the study sample consisted of (200) undergraduate and postgraduate male and female students. The study demonstrated that there are no statistically significant differences, in the sample estimates, concerning the the role of Jordanian universities in facing cultural globalization due to the gender variable. The study recommended the need to formulate a strategy to deal with the developments, especially the modern technology, in addition to develop university curricula to entrench civilizational features that have an impact on the Arabic personality to face changes. Moreover, the urge for creating and refining media to be more experienced to contribute in building an Arab human who is conscious and able to be effective in confronting globalization dangers and protecting the nation’ identity and values. It also recommends entrenching the concept of cultural globalization and uncovers strengths and weaknesses areas by examining its advantages and disadvantages with an open-minded view that contributes to the enrichment of scientific heritage and be open to global cultures including their traditions and deep-rooted social values.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 12, No. 7
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: June 2018

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 12, No. 7
Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Test Data Generation and Path Testing Coverage
Authors: Hamad Faten
Published: June 2018

Software testing is a significant stage in software development lifecycle. There are different sorts of' structural software testing methodologies that may be generally utilized and moved forward through enhancing the traverse of all of the conceivable code software paths. The interest for automating data testing is growing; however, manual testing strategies utilization would be expensive and costly. Heuristic measure is being applied to; detect how better the result might be (solution fitness); result development mechanism; and suitableness criteria with stop search mechanism depending on wither a result is found or not. Testing experience could be exploited for finding a solution to the optimization problem by utilizing Meta heuristic procedures. The presented approach might have been tested for five programs to demonstrate the distinctive tests issues. This paper proposes an automatic test data generation approach that use artificial bee colony algorithm for software structural testing, particularly, path testing. This is brought on moving the centralization of data generation testing, as opposed to the automation of the whole testing operation. It executes artificial bee colony algorithm by creating testing data for the criteria of path coverage testing, and then applying the strategy to a group of test programs.
Strategische sturing van de KMar bij dreigingen en crisissituaties
Authors: van Veenendaal Etienne , Noll Jörg
Published: June 2018

The strategic management of the Dutch Royal Marechaussee in threats and crisis situations

The Royal Military Police (Royal Marechaussee) is an organization of hybrid character, i.e. it is a police force and military force. Due to recent (inter)national developments the Royal Marechaussee has faced some challenges, especially in the event of a threat or near crisis. Those can be analyzed with the model of good governance and its four dimensions: legislation and regulations, implementation, a shared problem orientation and democracy. The Royal Marechaussee seems to focus primarily on the first two dimensions, while neglecting the need for a shared definition of the problem and awareness of the democratic context in crisis situations. This article uses two cases concerning Schiphol Airport to show how the model contributes on the one hand to the analysis of recent threat and crisis management and on the other hand to its improvement.
Vergelijkende rechtscultuur en aansprakelijkheidsrecht – een verkennend experiment
Authors: van Boom Willem , Reinders Folmer Chris , Desmet Pieter
Published: June 2018

Legal Culture and Liability Law: Experimental Evidence in the UK and the Netherlands

A common conception in the legal literature holds that in a given country, the law in force is to be understood against the background of shared beliefs about justice in that particular country. If that conception holds true, the applicable civil law in a particular country should reflect the shared views on ‘civil justice’ within that country and, as a result, citizens should reveal a preference for domestic civil law over the civil law of another country for a given case. In this research we empirically investigated to what extent the applicable law in particular cases corresponds to actual beliefs about what is seen as just in those situations. Does Dutch liability law in a particular case correspond with what citizens in the Netherlands consider to be just in that case? And does the applicable English liability law correspond to what English people consider fair in that case?

In an experiment we compared Dutch and English respondents’ views on the fairness of legal solutions in three different, hypothetical cases where Dutch and English legal solutions to the same case would diverge. We find that at the aggregate level, respondents indeed reveal a preference for the legal solution that is applicable in their own country, regardless of whether the different legal solutions are presented as applicable or not: Dutch respondents prefer Dutch civil solutions and English respondents prefer English civil solutions. However, we also observe differences between cases that make strong conclusions about a structural correspondence premature.
Empirisch-juridisch onderzoek in Nederland
Authors: Elbers Nieke , Malsch Marijke , van der Laan Peter , Akkermans Arno , Bijleveld Catrien
Published: June 2018

Empirical legal studies in The Netherlands

Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) is research in which legal questions are answered using empirical research methods. Traditionally, lawyers conduct normative, non-empirical research. Lately the legal discipline is increasingly interested in ELS. It is argued that we need more ELS. This raises the question to what extent Dutch researchers and practitioners conduct and apply ELS. In this article, we investigate the state of affairs of ELS in the Netherlands. We look at three different areas: legal research, legal education and legal practice. The data we use are legal PhD theses, legal course material, legislative proposals, and questionnaire data from legal practitioners. The methods are a systematic review, a quantitative content analysis, and a questionnaire research. Our study on legal research shows that researchers do apply empirical methods, but mainly the researchers with an education in social science. Our study on legal education shows that lawyers receive hardly any training on empirical research methods. Finally, our research on legal practice shows that practitioners and legislators struggle to apply empirical legal research. We plead for investments to enhance the production and usage of ELS, to prevent wrongful judicial decision-making, to generate effective legislation, and to create scientific innovation.
Япон, Mонголын харилцаанд “Говь” үйлдвэрийн гүйцэтгэсэн үүрэг
Authors: Мүнэюүки Мүраи
Published: July 2018

Япон, Монголын хооронд 1972 онд дипломат харилцаа тогтоосон нь түүхэн ач холбогдолтой үйл явдал болсон билээ. Энэхүү түүхэн үйл явдлын урьдач нөхцөл нь Японы зүгээс дайны төлбөрийг шийдвэрлэх асуудал байсан юм. Энэ асуудлын хүрээнд Япон, Монгол хоёр улс тус тусын хамтын ажиллагааны нөхцөл боломж, шалтгаан нөхцөлөө тодорхойлж, харилцан ойлголцсоны үндсэн дээр ноолуур боловсруулах “Говь” үйлдвэр байгуулсан нь хоёр улсын хамтын ажиллагааны анхны үр дүн болж амжилттай хэрэгжин цаашдын хамтын ажиллагааны суурь нөхцлийг бүрдүүлж өгсөн юм. Энэхүү хамтын ажилллагаа нь хоёр орны энгийн ард иргэд хоорондын харилцан ойлголцол бий болж гүнзгийрэхэд хамгийн чухал ач холбогдолтой үйл явдал болсон юм.
Монгол улс XX зууны олон улсын харилцааны тогтолцоонд: түүхч, дипломатч Ц. БАТБАЯР
Authors: Кузьмин Ю В
Published: July 2018

No abstract in Mongolian language
Preparation and Properties of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Polypropylene Grafting Maleic Anhydride Two-Component Materials
Authors: Sun Xichao , Ge Yeqian
Published: July 2018

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation and spinnability of two-component
materials, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)(PHBV) and polypropylene grafting
maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) blends were prepared by melt mixing with different ratios
(100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 0/100). Properties of the blends system were investigated by
means of a mixed rheometer, scanning electron microscope, simultaneous thermal analyser,
differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate that
PHBV/PP-g-MAH blends exhibit different morphology of the sea-island with a change in the
mix ratio. The initial thermal decomposition temperature of PHBV in the blending system
is over 250 °C, which means the thermal stability of PHBV is markedly improved. The crystallisation
of PHBV varied according to the blending process parameter. When the cooling
velocity increases, the crystallisation peak becomes wide, the temperature of crystallisation
decreases, and the crystallisation temperature of PHBV increases significantly. PHBV has
a high sensitivity to variation in the shear rate, and PHBV/PP-g-MAH blends have the
mixing characteristic of shear thinned liquid. There is no diffraction peak at 2θ = 22.8°, and
this result certifies that PP-g-MAH changes the crystal form of PHBV. and that PP-g-MAH
addition is beneficial to the spinnability of PHBV. Results show that the interplay between
PHBV and PP-g-MAH is of great significance and universal for both plastics and fibres.
Navigation for Satellite Formation Flying
Authors: GŁĘBOCKI Robert , JACEWICZ Mariusz
Published: July 2018

This paper deals with the case of a target satellite in an unknown orientation and location with respect to the master satellite. Feature based monocular pose estimation vision system was presented. The results of analysis, implementation and testing of simulation intended for vision-based navigation applications such as rendezvous of satellites and formation flying are shown. The mobile robot was used as the platform for the vision system. Pose estimation algorithms were implemented in Matlab environment. It was obtained that the proposed method is robust on varying and low light conditions.
Fast-Acting Electric Initiating Blasting Caps
Authors: NITA Marcin , WARCHOŁ Radosław
Published: July 2018

The paper presents the constructions of new, fast-acting electric initiating blasting caps of WN-1 and WN-1A types, developed at the Military Institute of Armament Technology in Zielonka (Poland). These blasting caps have been characterized in terms of the materials used for their production and the applied explosives. The investigation results of selected blasting caps and their most important characteristics are given. Among others, dependence between a response time of
a blasting cap and a supply voltage was presented as well as influence of extreme temperatures on its reliability and response time was given. The investigations of the blasting caps for initiation of blasting explosives were performed and the results confirming their usefulness are presented.
Carcinoembryonic antigen and matrix metalloproteinase 2 serum and peritoneal washes concentration in staging and prognosis in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Guzel Tomasz , Mirowska-Guzel Dagmara , Lech Gustaw , Wroński Marek , Iwanowska Marzena , Słodkowski Maciej
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine of carcinoembryonal antigen and matrix metalloproteinase 2 peritoneal washes and serum concentration in patients suffering from colorectal cancer concerning tumor staging and 5-year survival rate in these patients.
Methods: 80 patients who underwent curative surgery for colorectal cancer were included into the study. Preoperative serum and intraoperative peritoneal washes CEA and MMP-2 concentrations were measured.
Results: Concerning tumor penetration CEA-s and CEA-p concentration was higher in subsequent stages from T2 to T4. Both CEA-s and CEA-p concentration was lower in T2 comparing to T3 and T4. Significant difference of CEA-s and CEA-p was noted between T2 and T4 stages. MMP2-s concentration was higher in T3 comparing to T2, the highest MMP2-p concentration was in T4, with no statistical significance. Concerning nodular status significant difference of CEA-s was noted between N0 and N1. For CEA-p significance was found between N0 and N2 as between N1 and N2. MMP2-s concentration was the highest in N1, MMP2-p concentration was the highest in T4, with no statistical significance.
5-year survival rate for all patients was 63,53%. There were significant differences in CEA-s and CEA-p concentration between patients with negative and positive 5-year survival.
Conclusion: Intraoperative peritoneal washes concentration of CEA may potentially serve as an important factor for more precise colorectal cancer staging. CEA-p and CEA-s concentration correlates with survival rate in patients suffering from colorectal cancer and can be useful as an additional prognostic factor. Usefulness of MMP2 measurement still requires further studies.
Effect of ageing time on microstructure
and mechanical properties of SAF 2205
duplex stainless steel
Authors: Penha R.N. , Silva L.B. , Mendonça C.S.P. , Moreira T.C. , Melo M.L.N.M.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: SAF 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are materials characterized by a
favourable combination of the properties of ferritic and austenitic stainless steels. This type of
stainless steel presents good weldability, corrosion resistance especially for stress corrosion
cracking (SCC). However, this steel presents an unavoidable disadvantage that is its potential
microstructural instability. Although duplex stainless steels design idea is to present two main
types of microstructure, other phases and carbides or nitrides can precipitate. In the case
of DSS SAF 2205, in addition to austenitic and ferritic microstructure, during heat treatment
processing, welding or use may occur precipitation of undesirable intermetallic phases such
as chi, Widmanstätten austenite, sigma besides carbides and nitrides. The precipitation of
s-phase is associated with effects that cause both reduction of toughness and decreases
the corrosion resistance on austenitic, ferritic and duplex stainless steels.
Design/methodology/approach: This study evaluated the aging treatment effect on
hardness, impact toughness and ferrite content of a SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel.
Samples were solubilized at 1150°C, quenched in water and aged at 850°C during 1, 5, 10,
30, 60 or 180 minutes. After aging, cooling was to room temperature in air.
Findings: Aging time promoted s-phase precipitation and hardness increase. Hardness
and ferrite volume measurements, microscopy and the prediction of sigma phase bases the
discussion. Impact toughness decreased with time aging and intermetallic phase precipitation.
Research limitations/implications: As future work could be performed some corrosion
test, vary the cooling rate after aging, and using other techniques to identify phases. Focus the
research at lower aging times to try the describe Cr partitioning process to form sigma phase.
Practical implications: High aging time should be avoided for SAF 2205 DSS.
Originality/value: Usually sigma-phase precipitation on DDS is correlated to welding
process. This paper correlates it to aging heat treatment.
Od Redakcji
Authors: Kumik Ewa
Published: July 2018

Od Redakcji
La santa prole. Il frutto del matrimonio cristiano nella teologia di Clemente di Alessandria
Authors: Gyurkovics Miklós ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the teaching of Clement of Alexandria on marriage is closely related to the author’s soteriology and cosmology. The study focuses on the Third Book of Stromateis, which provides insight into the different Christian views on marriage at the end of the second century. Study of the Third Book of Stromateis also reveals Clement’s unique method of argument, by means of which he corrects the theological positions of his opponents. Last but not least, Clement’s discussions of family life provide a window onto the social life of the Late Empire from the point of view of a second-century Christian philosopher.
The Common, History, and the Whole: Guiding Themes in De vera religione
Authors: Clemmons Thomas ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: June 2018

Augustine’s important work De uera religione has been frequently read for its Neoplatonic resonances. However, there is much in the work that cannot be reduced to this reading. Themes such as the importance of the common and public dimension of uera religio, the significance of history, and the function of ‘true religion’ toward the training and renewal of the whole human, are topoi that reveal the dynamic structure of the work. A consideration of these themes in uera rel. brings into full relief Augustine’s answer to why God acted in time and through history for the whole human race and helps to explain Augustine’s complex articulation of Christianity in the work.
Book Review: Affordable Course Materials: Electronic Textbooks and Open Educational Resources
Authors: Gaida Julie
Published: July 2018

The nine case studies collected in Affordable Course Materials cite research that points to the same truth students across the country face with each new academic term: the price of textbooks far outpaces the rate of inflation. According to an oft-cited report released by the Government Accountability Office in 2013, the price of the average new textbook rose 82 percent in the preceding decade—three times the rate of inflation.1 These case studies assert the claim that libraries, already both a central part of the campus community and committed to equal access to information resources, are perfectly poised to mitigate the cost of core texts. By facilitating access to course materials in innovative ways, libraries can alleviate the financial burden on the students they serve. This volume showcases approaches taken by academic libraries to benefit their campus communities, the challenges the authors faced, and the lessons learned. It serves as a valuable source of information and inspiration for those wishing to implement their own initiatives.
Conhecimento do enfermeiro sobre a importância e operacionalização do Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal
Authors: Batistti Ana Cláudia , Borges Angélica Pereira , Lucietto Grasiele Cristina , Hattori Thalise Yuri , Nascimento Vagner Ferreira do , Cabral Juliana Fernandes
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: descrever o conhecimento do enfermeiro sobre a importância e operacionalização do Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal (PNTN). Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo, realizado com dez enfermeiros em um município do Mato Grosso, no período de agosto e setembro de 2016. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, e após foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Resultados: a simplificação das respostas referentes à Triagem Neonatal (TN) demonstraram certa insegurança em sua operacionalização, embasamento teórico superficial e fragmentado por parte dos participantes em retratar o PNTN. Considerações finais: verificou-se que os participantes possuíam conhecimentos sobre TN, porém não os apresentavam de forma completa e concisa de acordo com a PNTN, o que remete a falta de programas de educação permanente e motivação para buscar mudanças.
Impacto das características maternas e perinatais na evolução do recém-nascido
Authors: Costa Lediana Dalla , Freitas Poliana Cristina , Teixeira Géssica Tuani , Costa Guilherme , Viana Vanessa , Schiavoni Durcelina
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: identificar o impacto das características maternas e perinatais na evolução dos recém-nascidos admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) neonatal. Método: pesquisa transversal, quantitativa, realizada entre abril e junho 2017 em uma UTI neonatal de um hospital de referência para gestação de alto risco. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de prontuários e declarações de nascidos vivos. Os dados foram analisados no software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (SPSS). Resultados: evidenciou-se associação entre óbito com extremo baixo peso ao nascer (p<0,000), prematuridade extrema (p<0,001) e índice de Apgar <7 no 1° minuto de vida (p<0,003). Em relação à alta hospitalar, esteve o Apgar de 5° minuto > 7 estritamente relacionado (p<0,011). Conclusão: as características perinatais foram determinantes para a evolução do recém-nascido, contudo, não houve clareza na evolução do mesmo associado às características maternas.
PROPOSAL OF A FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF PRODUCTS FROM THE PARADIGM OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY BASED ON INDUSTRY 4.0 (1ST PART)
Authors: DE LAS HERAS GARCIA DE VINUESA ANA , AGUAYO GONZALEZ FRANCISCO , CORDOBA ROLDAN ANTONIO
Published: June 2018

The impacts generated by the products and manufacturing systems have led to the distancing of natural capital and social capital causing a metabolic fracture, which has led to a change in the sustainable awareness of the manufacturing industry. This has led to the creation and development of new paradigms of sustainability among which is the circular economy.
In the context of Industrial Ecology, there are a set of work frameworks, among which are the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), focused on eco-efficiency, and Crade to Crade (C2C), in the eco- effectiveness, which allow the evaluation, eco-innovation and eco-design of the sustainability of products, from the effects of the impacts in the first case and from the causes in the second.
The objective of this work is focused on the development of a framework proposal that combines both perspectives and that a new assessment of impacts is articulated by exploiting the potentialities that result from the connectivity, intelligence and digitalization of cyber-physical systems in the context of Industry 4.0 and manufacturing in the cloud for the evolution of products towards the new concept of smart connected product (intelligent connected product).

Keywords: Circular Economy, LCA, C2C, Industry 4.0.
Groundwater: mere bureaucracy or appropriate know-how?
Authors: Water Resources Commission National Council of Geologists
Published: June 2018

Not available
The Architect's Lot: Backyard Homes Policy and Design
Authors: Cuff Dana
Published: July 2018

A new California law is bringing about a sea change in how the state's neighbourhoods are evolving. Dana Cuff, architectural professor and director of the cityLAB think tank at the University of California, Los Angeles, outlines how cityLAB's in‐depth research, their development of a ‘backyard home’ prototype and their policy‐writing have contributed to the establishment of the bill that enables the legal addition of a rental unit to all single‐family homes. Its impact has been immediate, increasing affordable housing options in existing neighbourhoods.
In Situ Damage Detection for Fiber‐Reinforced Composites Using Integrated Zinc Oxide Nanowires
Authors: Groo LoriAnne , Inman Daniel J. , Sodano Henry A.
Published: July 2018

A multifunction material that increases strength is capable of harvesting energy from ambient vibration and acts as a structural health monitoring system is presented. Current in situ damage detection of fiber‐reinforced composites typically uses methods which require external sensors, precise initial measurements for each component under evaluation, or input current to the structure. To overcome these limitations, this work utilizes a multifunctional interphase of piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowires integrated into fiber‐reinforced composites to provide an in situ ability to sense damage. The nanowires are grown onto insulating reinforcing fibers which are sandwiched between carbon fiber electrodes, thus fully integrating the sensing element into the fiber‐reinforced composite. The fully distributed nanowire interphase proves capable of detecting multiple damage modes using passive voltage measurements as demonstrated during multiple loading configurations. This work also analyzes voltage emissions corresponding to damage to provide signal characteristics corresponding to the damage state of the specimen to indicate damage progression and the approach of catastrophic failure. The result of this work is thus a multifunctional structural material with damage detection capabilities. The principles investigated in this work can also be extended to alternative structural composites containing integrated piezoelectric materials in the form of nanoparticles, nanowires, or films.
An NIR‐Fluorophore‐Based Therapeutic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducer
Authors: Wang Yang , Luo Shenglin , Zhang Chi , Liao Xingyun , Liu Tao , Jiang Zhongyong , Liu Dengqun , Tan Xu , Long Lei , Wang Yu , Chen Zelin , Liu Yunsheng , Yang Fan , Gan Yibo , Shi Chunmeng
Published: July 2018

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling or unfolded protein response (UPR) is a common feature of many human diseases, including cancer. Excessive activation of ER stress directly induces cell death, holding a new promising strategy for the therapeutic intervention of cancer. Current ER‐stress‐inducing agents mainly target UPR components or proteasomes, which exert limited treatment efficacy and undesired side effects due to unselective ER stress and poor tumor‐specific distribution. In this study, a unique near‐infrared (NIR) fluorophore, IR‐34, is synthesized and identified to selectively and efficiently trigger tumoricidal ER stress by targeting the mitochondrial protein NDUFS1. IR‐34 is demonstrated to specifically accumulate in living cancer cells for tumor NIR imaging and drastically inhibit tumor growth and recurrence without causing apparent toxicity. Thus, this multifunctional NIR fluorophore may represent a novel theranostic agent for tumor imaging‐guided treatment and also strengthens the idea that mitochondria could be a useful target for therapeutic ER stress in cancer cells.
Incorporating Ionic Paths into 3D Conducting Scaffolds for High Volumetric and Areal Capacity, High Rate Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Chanyuan , Liu Shan , Li Guojie , Zhang Cuijuan , Liu Xingjiang , Luo Jiayan
Published: July 2018

Lithium‐metal batteries can fulfill the ever‐growing demand of the high‐energy‐density requirement of electronics and electric vehicles. However, lithium‐metal anodes have many challenges, especially their inhomogeneous dendritic formation and infinite dimensional change during cycling. 3D scaffold design can mitigate electrode thickness fluctuation and regulate the deposition morphology. However, in an insulating or ion‐conducting matrix, Li as the exclusive electron conductor can become disconnected, whereas in an electron‐conducting matrix, the rate performance is restrained by the sluggish Li+ diffusion. Herein, the advantages of both ion‐ and electron‐conducting paths are integrated into a mixed scaffold. In the mixed ion‐ and electron‐conducting network, the charge diffusion and distribution are facilitated leading to significantly improved electrochemical performance. By incorporating Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12 nanoparticles into 3D carbon nanofibers scaffold, the Li metal anodes can deliver areal capacity of 16 mAh cm−2, volumetric capacity of 1600 mAh cm−3, and remain stable over 1000 h under current density of 5 mA cm−2. The volumetric and areal capacities as well as the rate capability are among the highest values reported. It is anticipated that the 3D mixed scaffold could be combined with further electrolytes and cathodes to develop high‐performance energy systems.
Lithium‐Pretreated Hard Carbon as High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Xiao Biwei , Soto Fernando A. , Gu Meng , Han Kee Sung , Song Junhua , Wang Hui , Engelhard Mark H. , Murugesan Vijayakumar , Mueller Karl T. , Reed David , Sprenkle Vincent L. , Balbuena Perla B. , Li Xiaolin
Published: July 2018

Hard carbon (HC) is the state‐of‐the‐art anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, its performance has been plagued by the limited initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and mediocre rate performance. Here, experimental and theoretical studies are combined to demonstrate the application of lithium‐pretreated HC (LPHC) as high‐performance anode materials for SIBs by manipulating the solid electrolyte interphase in tetraglyme (TEGDME)‐based electrolyte. The LPHC in TEGDME can 1) deliver > 92% ICE and ≈220 mAh g−1 specific capacity, twice of the capacity (≈100 mAh g−1) in carbonate electrolyte; 2) achieve > 85% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 1000 mA g−1 current density (4 C rate, 1 C = 250 mA g−1) with a specific capacity of ≈150 mAh g−1, ≈15 times of the capacity (10 mAh g−1) in carbonate. The full cell of Na3V2(PO4)3‐LPHC in TEGDME demonstrated close to theoretical specific capacity of ≈98 mAh g−1 based on Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, ≈2.5 times of the value (≈40 mAh g−1) with nontreated HC. This work provides new perception on the anode development for SIBs.
Ameliorating the Interfacial Problems of Cathode and Solid‐State Electrolytes by Interface Modification of Functional Polymers
Authors: Wang Li‐Ping , Zhang Xu‐Dong , Wang Tai‐Shan , Yin Ya‐Xia , Shi Ji‐Lei , Wang Chun‐Ru , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: July 2018

Solid‐state Li secondary batteries may become high energy density storage devices for the next generation of electric vehicles, depending on the compatibility of electrode materials and suitable solid electrolytes. Specifically, it is a great challenge to obtain a stable interface between these solid electrolytes and cathodes. Herein, this issue can be effectively addressed by constructing a poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene) coated layer onto the surface of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathode materials. The polymer layer plays a vital role in working as a protective shell to retard side reaction and ameliorate the contact of the solid–solid interface during the cycling process. In the resultant solid‐state batteries, both rate capacity (99 mA h g−1 at 3 C) and cycling stability (75% capacity retention after 400 cycles) are improved after coating. This impressive performance highlights the great importance of layer modification in the cathode and inspires the development of solid‐state batteries toward practical applications.
Living on the Margins of Democratic Representation: Socially Connected Community Responsibility as Civic Engagement in an Unincorporated Area
Authors: Fernández Jesica Siham , Langhout Regina Day
Published: July 2018

We examine the civic engagement processes and practices amongViva Live Oak!photovoice project participants residing in an unincorporated area with limited local democratic representation and institutional resources. Eight individual interviews and thirty‐one group photovoice meetings were conducted, audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. We describe how social structures of unincorporation shaped community life, and how this unique context informed participants’ civic engagement. We argue for a conceptualization of civic engagement that centers a social connection model of community responsibility, to make legible the social, relational, and civic actions of unincorporated area residents.
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Additions of α,β‐ and β,γ‐Butenolides to Polyfluorinated Alkynyl Ketimines
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Hung Chao‐I. (Joey) , Scharf Manuel J.
Published: July 2018

We report a Zn‐ProPhenol catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction between butenolides and polyfluorinated alkynyl ketimines to obtain vinylogous products featuring two contiguous tetrasubstituted stereogenic centers. Notably, this is the first successful use of ketimines in the ProPhenol Mannich process, and the reaction offers a new approach for the preparation of pharmaceutically relevant products possessing trifluoromethylated tetrasubstituted alkylamines. The reaction can be performed on large scale with reduced catalyst loading without impacting its efficiency. Moreover, the acetylene moiety can be further elaborated using various methods.
Magnetophoretic Sorting of Single Catalyst Particles
Authors: Solsona Miguel , Nieuwelink Anne‐Eva , Meirer Florian , Abelmann Leon , Odijk Mathieu , Olthuis Wouter , Weckhuysen Bert M. , van den Berg Albert
Published: July 2018

A better understanding of the deactivation processes taking place within solid catalysts is vital to design better ones. However, since inter‐particle heterogeneities are more a rule than an exception, particle sorting is crucial to analyse single catalyst particles in detail. Microfluidics offers new possibilities to sort catalysts at the single particle level. Herein, we report a first‐of‐its‐kind 3D printed magnetophoretic chip able to sort catalyst particles by their magnetic moment. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles were separated based on their Fe content. Magnetophoretic sorting shows that large Fe aggregates exist within 20 % of the FCC particles with the highest Fe content. The availability of Brønsted acid sites decreases with increasing Fe content. This work paves the way towards a high‐throughput catalyst diagnostics platform to determine why specific catalyst particles perform better than others.
Seafood Phospholipids: Extraction Efficiency and Phosphorous Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P NMR) Profiles
Authors: Bettjeman Bodhi I. , Hofman Kathleen A. , Burgess Elaine J. , Perry Nigel B. , Killeen Daniel P.
Published: July 2018

The absolute concentration of phospholipids (PL) (μmol g−1, wet tissue) in five marine tissues was determined using quantitative phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR). Hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) roe was identified as a “high‐PL” seafood, containing 15.97 ± 4.72 μmol g−1 (wet tissue) of these compounds. This was 2–4× higher than the concentration of PL in monkfish (Lophius spp.) fillets (4.26 ± 1.52), arrow squid (Nototodarus sloanii) mantle (8.95 ± 0.89), Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) (7.04 ± 0.87), or hoki liver (6.03 ± 0.76). The amount of PL extracted from these tissues was dependent on the extraction method used, with the Folch (1957) method consistently extracting more oil (and more PL) from all five tissues than the Bligh and Dyer (1959) and Jensen (2003) methods. The individual PL profiles of each tissue are also reported.