bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of small- and medium-sized primary macular holes with preservation of the internal limiting membrane in the papillomacular nerve fiber bundle area
Authors:   Kaluga Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Shilov N.M. , Tereshchenko Ya.V. ,   Kaluga Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga, Russian Federation,   K.E. Tsiolkovskiy Kaluga State University, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Erokhina E.V. ,   Kaluga Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Novikov S.V. ,   Kaluga Branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Lugovaya A.A. ,   Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russian Federation, Kurguzova A.G. ,   M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Aim: to develop a surgical technique for primary macular holes (MH) with preservation of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in the projection of the papillomacular bundle (PMB) and to evaluate its clinical efficacy. Patients and Methods: forty-two patients (42 eyes) with primary small and medium-sized MH (minimum diameter <400 μm) were included. All patients underwent the proposed surgical technique with preservation of the PMB (keyhole surgery). ILM peeling was performed by sequential dosed removal of its local portions concentric to the MH. A 0.3-0.5-mm-wide belt-like intact foveolar ILM around the MH and intact ILM near the PMB were preserved. To close the MH, a monolayer ILM fragment was created (the upper inverted ILM fragment, which was covered and tamponaded over the MH). Results: anatomical closure of the MH was achieved in all patients. The preservation of the foveolar part of the ILM and its fragment in the projection of the PMB resulted in a high functional outcome, as evidenced by BCVA (20/25 at 12 months after surgery) and microperimetry, which showed an increase in retinal light sensitivity and disappearance of the absolute scotoma in the central fovea in all patients in the postoperative period. Spectral optical coherence tomography showed multiple defects of the inner retinal layers in the perifovea of varying severity, corresponding to the area of ILM peeling and not involving the papillomacular area. Conclusion: the proposed surgical technique for MH with preservation of PMB using keyhole surgery provides permanent closure of primary small and medium-sized MH and good functional results with minimal retinal damage during the surgical procedure. KEYWORDS: macular hole, internal limiting membrane, papillomacular bundle. FOR CITATION: Shilov N.M., Tereshchenko A.V., Erokhina E.V., Novikov S.V., Lugovaya A.A., Kurguzova A.G. Surgical treatment of small- and medium-sized primary macular holes with preservation of the internal limiting membrane in the papillomacular nerve fiber bundle area. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(3):109–115 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-3-2.
Safety during surgical resection of the sclera in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kazantseva A.Yu. , Korchuganova E.A. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Aim: to study the incidence and nature of intra- and postoperative complications, as well as the possibility of easing the hypotensive regimen in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and secondary post-thrombotic glaucoma (SPTG) after surgical resection of the sclera (SRS) and transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (TDLC). Materials and Methods: the group included 128 patients with POAG and 36 patients with stage III–IVb SPTG after SRS (67 and 17 eyes, respectively) and TDLC (61 and 19 eyes, respectively). All patients received topical maximally tolerated antihypertensive therapy before surgery (on average, 4 drugs individually and in the form of fixed combinations). Results: the absence of complications during and after SRS allows to consider this operation effective and safe. After performing TDLC in the postoperative period, complications were observed in 11 (14%) of 80 patients. Complications were mainly recorded in patients with stage IV glaucoma (60%) and concomitant diseases of the endocrine and cardiovascular systems. Among the complications after cyclodestructive intervention, uveitis was most common in patients with SPTG (21%). In patients with POAG, ciliochoroidal detachment was recorded 2 times more common than other complications. In the long-term follow-up period after SRS, a decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) allowed to reduce the hypotensive regimen by 35.9% in patients with POAG and by 33.2% in patients with SPTG. Stabilization of ophthalmotonus after TDLC provided the amount reduction of active substances by 25.7% in patients with POAG and by 20.7% in patients with SPTG. Conclusions: the easing of the hypotensive regimen and a tolerant IOP decrease in the long-term follow-up period allowed to recommend SRS as an alternative to cyclodestructive benefits in patients with refractory course of POAG and SPTG, as well as other glaucoma types as a combined intervention to reduce IOP. KEYWORDS: surgical resection of the sclera, transscleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation, complications, uveoscleral outflow, hypotensive regimen, ophthalmotonus. FOR CITATION: Kazantseva A.Yu., Korchuganova E.A. Safety during surgical resection of the sclera in patients with primary and secondary glaucoma. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(3):121–126 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-3-4.
Subconjunctival hemorrhage and modern treatment approaches
Authors:   RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorobyeva I.V. , Frolov M.A. ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Frolov A.M. ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Trofimova D.A. ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shallah S. ,   RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: September 2024

Every ophthalmologist sees patients with subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH). SCH can mask serious diseases that threaten not only vision but also life. The authors analyze SCH in my-ocardial infarction, coronary artery stenting, COVID-19, childbirth, and ocular surgery. It has been shown that free radicals, oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species increase the permea-bility of conjunctival capillaries and cause the vessels to become "fragile" which are the basis for SCH. Oxidative stress and free radicals are involved in corneal and lens damage and are pathogenic factors in glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. A modern approach to the treatment of SCH is the administration of methylethylpyridinol (eye drops), which shortens the time of hem-orrhage absorption. Methylethylpyridinol has a positive effect on many eye diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and neuropathy. Further studies on the efficacy of meth-ylethylpyridinol in SCH and other ocular diseases seem relevant. KEYWORDS: subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH), myocardial infarction, stroke, oxidative stress, methylethylpyridinol. FOR CITATION: Vorobyeva I.V., Frolov M.A., Frolov A.M., Trofimova D.A., Shallah S. Subconjunctival hemorrhage and modern treatment approaches. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(3):138–143 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-3-8.
Why Do Contemporary Scholars Lack Fenggu (Strength of Character)? Impact of Technological Progress on Demand for Human Capital and Talents
Authors: Ma Qing-Ping
Published: September 2024

Human capital has been considered an important factor in driving modern economic growth. It is generally believed that innovation and technological progress hold the key to future economic growth and require more talented people. The present study investigates how technological progress influences the demand for human capital and talent by establishing a theoretical framework of differential talent distribution, demand for talent, and enabling technologies.

Without formal education or training, only a few individuals with higher levels of intelligence could perform complex or innovative tasks and would be highly sought after. Education and professional training enable less talented people to become skilled in using advanced tools and machines developed by more intelligent people. The less talented but skilled people with advanced tools and machines can match the performance of the talented people, making them more dispensable. Moreover, it is almost impossible to distinguish the talented from the skilled without incurring high costs. The expansion of higher education has dramatically increased the supply of skills, so the talented tend to be less well-treated than before. It is also true for those in higher education and scientific research jobs regarding academic freedom and career opportunities. Technological progress also makes it more difficult for truly outstanding people to stand out and get appreciated by society. Networking and communicating skills become more important than intelligence and professional skills in career success.

Progress in AI will on the one hand erase the impact of different intelligence on performance in most professions except for competitions barring machine assistance. On the other hand, fully automated intelligent machines might no longer need employees.
Multifractal Characteristics of Acoustic Emission Signals of Concrete Under Axial Tension With Different Steel Fiber Contents
Authors: Wang Yan , Mao Beibei , Zhao Haitao , Wang Na , Gu Jie , Xu Guoxing
Published: September 2024

In order to study the evolution law of axial tensile damage of concrete with varying steel fiber content and to obtain precursor information for axial tensile damage in steel fiber reinforced concrete, the standard multifractal method and multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) are used to analyze the multifractal characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) signals. The results show that the AE signal time series is a long-range correlation process determined by the internal self-similarity mechanism, displaying an ordered multifractal distribution. As the steel fiber content increases, the regularity of AE signals improves while their variability decreases. The AE multifractal spectral width (∆ 𝛂) initially decreases and then increases, while ∆Ä shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The AE sequence distribution function demonstrates extremely strong horizontal symmetry, and its scale-free interval increases significantly compared to the 0–80% peak stress stage. The absolute value of the logarithmic error of the distribution function under the same measurement scale is accurate to 10–5. The local Hurst index drops significantly and reaches the minimum value, which can be used as a precursor to the axial tensile failure of steel fiber reinforced concrete.
Assessment of Weld Microstructure Through Sound Velocity Measurements for Power Plant Applications
Authors: Onwuama Obinna , Na Jeong , Aryan A. , Bourgeois Desmond , Zhang Wei
Published: September 2024

This research study employed an immersion-based micro-resolution ultrasonic velocity measurement technique (MUVT) to evaluate Grade 91 (9Cr-1Mo-V) steel welds. This process utilized a 20 MHz focused ultrasonic beam with a spot size of 250 µm, a 6 µm laser vibrometer spot size for detection, and an automated 3-axis raster scanner to accurately collect ultrasonic velocity data from two Grade 91 steel welds fabricated using cold metal transfer (CMT) and flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) processes. By analyzing the MUVT data, the Poisson’s ratio (υ) and modulus of elasticity (E), which are important mechanical properties for weldments, were calculated. The correlation between mechanical properties and ultrasonic velocity was examined. The results indicated that longitudinal ultrasonic velocity could effectively identify base metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ), and weld metal areas, showing a strong correlation with hardness. In particular, the distinctive V-shaped dip in velocity and hardness data across the HAZ areas of both samples highlighted changes in the microstructure of creep strength–enhanced ferritic steel welds. Importantly, the immersion-based MUVT demonstrated high accuracy in small sections of the weld, surpassing the conventional contact ultrasonic testing method in spatial resolution detection.
Huella hídrica generada en la producción de leche de una hacienda ganadera
Authors: Huera Ordoñez Danny Stiven , Meneses Quelal Washington Orlando
Published: September 2024

The present research was developed at 2950 meters above sea level in the north of Ecuador, Carchi province, Tulcán canton and had the objective of estimating the water footprint for milk production on the San Guillermo farm which has 150 hectares of which 48.76 hectares are dedicated to the production of pastures. To calculate the water footprint in milk, the blue, green and gray water footprint variables were determined by collecting information from the following data: yield of green forage (kg), percentage of dry matter (% DM), dry matter consumption (cms), milk production (l/cow/day), live weight of animals (kg), direct and indirect water consumption (l), water consumption in the stable (l) and consumption of water for washing milking equipment (l) among others. To calculate water consumption in forage production, the CROPWAT-FAO software was used through which the water requirement was estimated using climatological data of the soil and the crop. It was shown that to produce one liter of milk, 0.81 m3 of water is needed, of which 53 % is dammed due to the water requirement of the crop throughout its production cycle. The water footprint for each liter of milk produced on the farm was 805.7l liters, a value that agrees with literature research which shows that for each liter of milk around 1000 liters of water are needed.
La literatura infantil y su vínculo esencial con la lectoescritura
Authors: Romero Cedeño Joselyn Dayanira , Narváez Carrión César Rafael
Published: September 2024

Given the relevance of children's literature, largely underestimated, the aim of this article is to analyze children's literature and its essential link with literacy in children aged 3 to 8 years. A qualitative systematic review of observational studies was carried out in the Web of Science and Scopus databases considered reliable in the field of scientific research, a total of 625 articles were identified, from which 37 articles were selected and analyzed based on the inclusion criteria. The results highlight the relevance of children's literature in reading and writing due to its potential to captivate children's imagination and interest, laying the foundations for a lasting engagement with written language. The findings reveal that the integration of varied literary genres and innovative approaches, such as digital storytelling, enriches children's experience, adapting it to a constantly evolving technological world.
El cuento como recurso didáctico del docente para fomentar el hábito lector en niños de 3-4
Authors: Cusme Carrion Nelly Stefania , Aguirre Calan Gabriela Monserrate
Published: September 2024

The story is installed as a favorable resource for the approach of the infant to imaginative and creative reading. Therefore, its educational value is recognized in a significant way. Being a didactic resource in the school by the teacher, since it prepares for life, develops the habit of reading and contributes to the development of learning. The purpose of this study is to know if teachers use the story as a teaching resource, types of stories they use and if they develop reading through this educational resource. The methodology used is a descriptive-qualitative study, which applied a Likert scale survey with 12 closed questions to teachers of Initial Education I, in public and private institutions. The results show significant differences in importance, use, types, and interest of the story as a teaching resource. It is concluded that the story plays an important role in the child's learning in the development of social, cognitive and affective skills. Creating and fostering a reading habit in the infant.
Principales dificultades evidenciadas en el lengua oral en niños de 3 a 4 años a través de la prueba del lenguaje oral
Authors: Chaluisa Maiquez Jessica Aracelly , Padilla Álvarez Gisela Catalina
Published: September 2024

In the present study, the vocabulary level of students from 3 to 4 years of age from the GuillermoVinueza Fiscal School and the Jilgueritos Child Development Center located in the province ofNapo is compared. The method used is of the comparative type of cross- sectional design witha quantitative approach and descriptive scope, the standardized test Oral Language Assessment(ELO) was applied to a total population of 29 children and the level of oral language was compared in relation to auditory discrimination, phonological, syntactic and semantic aspects. The results show insignificant differences in the area of oral language development within all the aspects to be evaluated. It is concluded that language deficiency groups several factors suchas social, family, affective, economic, housing, tics, teacher training that directly affect thisarea.
Influencia de las emociones en el comportamiento de los estudiantes de preescolar
Authors: Cruz Alisson , Camino Jonathan
Published: September 2024

This research presents an analysis of the relationship between emotions and behavior of preschool children, for this a quantitative research was used, corresponding to a non- experimental, descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional design, which had as participants 50 parents, the same ones who filled out a questionnaire about the behaviors that they show daily in the child's routine, the results showed that their relationship is close and also that this could be linked to the lack of self-regulation of the parents.
El papel de la escritura académica en la educación superior: explorando la relación entre escritura y objetivos de desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Criollo Burbano Rodrigo Marcelo
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study was to recognize the importance of writing essays in the context of Higher Education. The revised literature valued the essay as an effective tool for developing academic, communicative and reflective skills in students. Additionally, the value of writing essays as a form of academic expression that influences awareness of reality was also investigated. Methodologically, this qualitative research reviewed academic literature related to the writing of essays to identify current approaches and implemented a survey aimed at students of theCarchi State Polytechnic University to know their perception about academic writing. Finally, some essays were analyzed whose themes are linked to the Sustainable Development Goals, the results show the usefulness of writing for learning and to express opinions and innovative solutions to specific problems.
Cuantificación de ácidos grasos saturados e insaturado en yogurt producido en Tungurahua, Ecuador
Authors: Pérez Aldás Lander Vinicio , Córdova Culqui Mercedes Elizabeth , Delgado Ramos Andrea Verónica
Published: September 2024

Dairy products, especially yogurt, are categorized as indispensable food products in the Ecuadorian daily diet. This drink contains essential nutrients for the human body, including proteins, minerals, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, and vitamins, which together generate energyand vitality for consumers. The main objective of this study was to determine the relationshipbetween saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in yogurt made in the province of Tungurahua and establish its possible effect on cardiovascular disease. The determination of the lipid profile of yogurt was performed by gas chromatography coupled tomass spectrophotometry, the main fatty acids being; myristic acid (10.8% ±0.5), palmitic acid(37.0 % ±1.6), oleic acid (10.7% ± 0.4) and stearic acid (25.1% ±0.5), highlighting that in someyogurt samples there was the presence of conjugated linoleic acid with an average value of (0,2% ± 0.4). Regarding the nutritional quality indices, the values of the (SFA/UFA) ratio, ω6/ω3,and atherogenicity index were 2.0% ± 1.0; 4.4 % ± 6.1% and 2.5 % ± 1.3%, respectively. The lipid profile comprised SFA/UFA, which ranged from 1.2 % to 3.0 %, indicating that yogurt has a positive effect on the nutritional contribution of the consumer in individual places in theprovince of Tungurahua.
Blotting Method to Determine Oil Content in Mustard Seeds: A Solution to Asymmetries in the Mustard Seed Economy
Authors: Nagree Naayaab , Ruzzante Sacha , Juneja Rahul , Diosady Levente
Published: September 2024

Determining oil content in mustard seeds is a time consuming and expensive process, often inaccessible to the common farmer. The proposed oil blot methodology has the potential to be used in low income, remote settings as a first estimate of the oil content in the mustard seed crop. Oil blots were formed by pressing oil out of the seed onto an adsorptive surface using a repeatable force from a vise grip. The area of the blots was an indicator of oil content. While the oil blot methodology would not replace industry standard methods such as Soxhlet extraction, it serves as an accessible, non-specialized method to provide a first-estimate result. This was proved using a Pearson Correlation test (r = 0.95) and t-statistic comparison. The positive significance values show a strong, positive linear correlation between oil content and blot areas. It was determined that the ideal tool for the oil blot methodology was a vise grip due to its repeatability, portability, and low bulk cost. The total cost of the kit was $0.90 with low recurring costs. The extreme simplicity, low capital, and operating cost, make the oil blotting method a valuable tool for small mustard seed producers for estimating the fair value of their crop, reducing their potential exploitation by middlemen.
Linearity Test of CT Number and Spatial Resolution Using ACR 464 Phantom for Image Quality Assessment on a 16-Slice CT Scanner
Authors: Maghfirah Awan , Abdul Rahim  , Amira Fadhlin
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted to test the linearity of CT Numbers and spatial resolution in CT scan images using the American College of Radiology (ACR) 464 Phantom. The objectives of this study are to determine the correlation coefficient of the linear relationship between CT Numbers and electron density, as well as to determine the spatial resolution and the effect of slice thickness on CT scan image quality. The slice thickness variations used were 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, and 4.0 mm. CT Numbers were obtained by placing a circular ROI with a diameter of 20 mm, using a tube voltage of 120 kV and a tube current of 300 mA. The measurement results showed that the linearity correlation coefficients between CT Numbers and electron density were 0.9997 for a slice thickness of 1.0 mm, 0.9996 for 2.0 mm, and 0.9995 for 4.0 mm, with all values passing the test requirement of R² ≥ 0.99. The spatial resolution measurements resulted in values of 0.5 lp/mm, 0.6 lp/mm, and 0.7 lp/mm for each slice thickness, all of which met the minimum requirement of 0.5 lp/mm according to the BAPETEN Regulation No. 2 of 2018 regarding the acceptance criteria for X-ray CT scanner conformity tests.
Enhancement of the Sensing Properties of Chitosan Films as an Acetone Gas Sensor with the Addition of Tin Oxide (SnO2)
Authors: Tulus Ikhsan Nasution  , Novia Syafriani Lubis
Published: September 2024

In this study, the sensing properties of the chitosan film sensor were successfully improved by adding tin oxide (SnO2). The addition of SnO2concentration to the chitosan solution was 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.5% (w/v). The sensor is fabricated as a film using the electrodeposition method. The sensing properties of chitosan and chitosan-SnO2 film sensors were exposed to acetone gas with concentrations of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; and 3 ppm. The testing results show that chitosan film's response and repeatability properties produced the highest output voltage of 514 mV at 1.5 ppm, while the lowest output voltage value was 499.72 at 0.5 ppm. The addition of SnO2 with the highest concentration of 0.5% increased the response and repeatability properties in the form of the highest output voltage to 569.34 mV at 3 ppm, while the SnO2 concentration of 0.01% resulted in the lowest sensor output voltage of 504.84 mV at 0.5 ppm. The reproducibility of chitosan film became better due to the addition of SnO2, which resulted in a low STDEV value of 0.005 compared to that of chitosan film without the addition of SnO2, namely 0.156. The sensitivity of the chitosan film added by SnO2 increased, indicated by the increase in the slope value of 17.142 compared to the chitosan film without the addition of SnO2, which was 1.82. The SEM characterization showed that adding SnO2 increased the number of pores formed on the film, which strengthened the ability to absorb acetone. This is also evidenced by the FTIR results, which show the presence of SnO2 in the peak range of the wavenumbers from 677-717 cm-1. Therefore, the chitosan film sensor with the addition of SnO2 concentration showed better-sensing properties than chitosan film, which could be applied as an acetone gas sensor.
DIGITAL TRADE INITIATIVES AS AN ELEMENT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY
Authors:   Lesia Ukrainka Volyn National University, Kukharyk Viktoriia , Liubytovets Oksana ,   Lesia Ukrainka Volyn National University
Published: September 2024

The study focuses on analyzing the impact of digital trade initiatives on the transformation of economic diplomacy in the context of global digitalization. The dynamics of international trade in digital services and the evolution of regional trade agreements are examined. The aim of the research is to assess the influence of digital trade initiatives on the development of economic diplomacy and analyze their effectiveness in promoting international trade in the digital economy. The research utilizes statistical data on international trade in digital services, information on regional trade agreements, and digital economy/trade agreements. Methods of systematic and statistical analysis, forecasting, and graphical data visualization are applied. An analysis of the regulatory framework for digital trade at the international level is conducted. The study reveals a steady growth in the share of digital services in international trade, exceeding 50 %. A 19.6 % increase in the export of digital services is projected by 2026. A trend towards concluding specialized agreements on digital economy and trade is established. The EU’s approach to the digital transformation of economic diplomacy, which involves a comprehensive strategy for developing a digital ecosystem, is analyzed. The role of WTO multilateral agreements in forming the legal basis for digital trade is investigated. It is found that the implementation of digital trade agreements faces challenges related to insufficient development of domestic legislation and the need for harmonization of norms. Further research should focus on analyzing the effectiveness of implementing digital trade agreements and studying mechanisms for adapting traditional economic diplomacy tools to the requirements of the digital economy. An important direction is to investigate the impact of digital trade initiatives on the economic development of participating countries and analyze associated risks and challenges. The study of the role of digital economic diplomacy in shaping the new landscape of international economic relations and developing strategies for its effective development is promising.
TOOLS FOR MANAGEMENT AND INVESTMENT IN UKRAINE’S RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR
Authors:   National University “Odesa Polytechnic”, Krasnostanova Natalia , Yaromich Svitlana ,   National University “Odesa Polytechnic”, Bugazianus Serhii ,   National University “Odesa Polytechnic”; “Schneider Electric Ukraine”
Published: September 2024

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that in the conditions of continuous attacks and destruction of the energy system of Ukraine, the revival of energy security systems, RES and their decentralization in Ukraine is a strategic priority of economic policy and a factor of harmonious prosperity. The article examines scientific and methodological approaches to qualitative analysis of modern trends in the development of renewable energy in Ukraine, identifies and systematizes the most promising and rational methods and forms of financing investments. It was determined that the situation with revitalization of investment activity remains very difficult. It is substantiated that the increase in investments is possible through joining international programs, grant, state, municipal and private aid, development of energy service companies, use of loans in the field of energy, activation of self-financing of citizens. Donor funds from EU member states are one of the options for getting out of the difficult situation of war and a moratorium on tariff increases. It was emphasized that donor funds from EU member states are one of the options for getting out of the difficult situation of war and a moratorium on tariff increases. The problems of “Energoservice” activity as a complex of technical and organizational energy-saving and other measures are considered. It is proved that, despite the difficult situation in the country, RES is actively developing, and examples of their implementation in Ukraine are given. In addition, it has been confirmed that reindustrialization based on renewable energy sources is gaining critical importance, so decentralized SPPs have actively started to be created with international and grant aid. The need for integration of Ukrainian energy markets with European ones was underlined, and for this it is necessary to increase the amount of investments in clean energy. At the same time, they will become more understandable for investors through the use of market instruments and incentives for the “green” transformation of the sector. Modern unavoidable trends in the development of the energy industry of Ukraine are classified. To strengthen the energy independence and stability of the economy, it is necessary to renew the program of transformation of the coal regions of Ukraine, which involves changing the profile of the coal infrastructure to new needs and opportunities: transport and logistics complexes, industrial parks, production groups, etc.
ANALYSIS OF THE LATEST DATA NEED FOR STRATEGIC PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENTS IN AVIATION
Authors: Ільєнко Оксана , Лісютін Ігор , Литвинчук Андрій
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of current data necessary for strategic planning and development of the aviation industry. The main processes of strategic planning of the aviation industry are analyzed, which include: definition of goals and strategies; market analysis and competitiveness; financial planning; organizational structure and analysis of personnel management; technical development; risk management. The uniqueness of this study is justified by the latest data on the development of the world market of the aviation industry, which is confirmation of the importance of all presented processes necessary for strategic planning and development of the aviation industry. It was determined the list of the latest data needed for strategic planning and developments in aviation would be based on: the analysis latest data needed for strategic planning and development of aviation use; market trends and forecast; regulatory updates; competitor analysis; technological advancements; financial performance metrics; environmental impact assessments. The research concludes how to use the latest data for strategic planning in the following processes: making investment decisions, resource planning, and risk management, analysis of passenger flow data and market demand, flight schedules, receive information about delays and cancellations; combine multiple data sets such as schedules, status, and booking data, to get a unique 360-degree view of the air travel landscape; interdepartmental cooperation; security based on access; global analysis of competitors; analysis of all flights worldwide. Analysis of the current statistics of the aviation industry has proved that the rapid change of factors such as market competition, changes in the global economy, technological innovation and regulation, which were previously more stable, necessitates a rapid response and revision of strategic plans for the development of the aviation industry. It is proved that only a constant analysis of the latest strategic planning data can help airlines adapt to these changes, predict future trends and develop sustainable development strategies.
БЮДЖЕТНО-ПОДАТКОВА ПОЛІТИКА РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТРАНСФЕРТНОГО ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ В КРАЇНАХ СВІТУ
Authors: Лебідь Ганна
Published: September 2024

Стаття присвячена з’ясуванню тенденцій розвитку бюджетно-податкової політики регулювання трансфертного ціноутворення у зарубіжних країнах. Висвітлено досвід США та інших країн щодо регулювання трансфертного ціноутворення у процесі проведення податкових реформ. Показано, що на сучасному етапі бюджетно-податкова політика регулювання діяльності транснаціональних компаній продовжує удосконалюватися шляхом міждержавного погодження правил у сфері трансфертного ціноутворення. Окреслено ряд невирішених на сьогодні проблемних питань у сфері трансфертного ціноутворення, які потребують активізації заходів бюджетно-податкової політики на національному і міжнародному рівнях. З огляду на вітчизняне інституційне середовище та необхідність імплементації рекомендацій Організації економічного співробітництва та розвитку (ОЕСР), в Україні необхідно надалі удосконалювати механізм регулювання трансфертного ціноутворення, що характеризуватиме підвищення дієвості та результативності бюджетно-податкової політики у цій сфері.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ЗМІНАМИ В ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯХ: ПІДХОДИ ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Сусіденко Валентин , Болманенко Олексій , Хащініна Галина
Published: September 2024

Стаття досліджує управління змінами в організаціях України в умовах воєнного стану, акцентуючи увагу на важливості ефективної адаптації до нових викликів. У світлі нестабільності, спричиненої війною, організації стикаються з необхідністю оперативного реагування на зміни в зовнішньому середовищі. У статті проаналізовано різні підходи та інструменти, які дозволяють компаніям залишатися конкурентоспроможними та забезпечувати свою життєздатність навіть у надзвичайних обставинах. Серед розглянутих аспектів – гнучке планування, кризове управління, посилення внутрішніх комунікацій і підтримка персоналу. Особлива увага приділяється ролі лідерства та важливості системного підходу до управління ресурсами, які є ключовими для стійкості організацій в умовах постійної невизначеності. У статті проаналізовано специфіку інтеграції нових технологій та інновацій у процеси управління змінами, підкреслюючи їхню значущість у підтримці організаційної стабільності.
МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ: ВИКЛИКИ В СИСТЕМІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ
Authors: Шира Тарас , Чупа Богдан
Published: September 2024

Доведено, що швидкий розвиток цифрових технологій змінює підходи до ринку праці, акцентуючи на інтелектуальних навичках у противагу фізичним здібностям. Ця тенденція значно впливає на взаємодії між працівниками, підприємствами та державою, підсилюючи потребу в адаптації стратегій забезпечення безпеки на всіх рівнях. Незважаючи на численні досягнення, багато теорій та концепцій, все ще не висвітлені достатньо повно питання саме впливу менеджменту на систему забезпечення фінансово-економічної безпеки, що й обумовило вибір даної тематики та її актуальність. Метою дослідження є характеристика особливостей функціонування сучасного менеджменту персоналом на підприємстві. Основне завдання, що ставиться в межах цієї статті стосується охарактеризувати ключові засади впливу менеджменту персоналу на систему забезпечення фінансово-економічної безпеки. Охарактеризовано ключові ознаки сутності менеджменту персоналу на сучасному підприємстві.
MỨC ĐỘ HÀI LÒNG VÀ NHU CẦU CỦA HỌC VIÊN VỀ CHƯƠNG TRÌNH CHUYÊN KHOA CẤP 1 NHI KHOA ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: Phùng Nguyễn Thế Nguyên , Trần Diệp Tuấn , Nguyễn Thái Sơn , Nguyễn Hoài Phong , Trần Đình Nguyên , Trần Thanh Thức
Published: September 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Nghiên cứu khảo sát về mức độ hài lòng và nhu cầu đào tạo của học viên chuyên khoa cấp 1 (CK1) tại bộ môn Nhi – Đại học Y Dược Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (ĐHYD TP.HCM) nhằm đánh giá lại và cải tiến chương trình.

Đối tượng - Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu khảo sát cắt ngang mô tả trên đối tượng học viên CK1 tại bộ môn Nhi - ĐHYD TP.HCM các khóa: 2020-2022, 2021-2023 và 2022-2024. Thu thập số liệu dựa trên bảng câu hỏi dựng sẵn.

Kết quả: Nghiên cứu ghi nhận được 155 phản hồi từ học viên các khóa. Tỉ lệ nam/nữ là 1/2,3, tuổi trung bình là 30 tuổi. Khoảng 1/3 các học viên (33%) tốt nghiệp đại học tại ĐHYD TP.HCM. Có 65 học viên (41,9%) đang công tác tại các bệnh viện chuyên khoa nhi hoặc bệnh viện sản nhi. Mức độ hài lòng chung của học viên về chương trình đào tạo trên thang điểm 10 là 7,98 ± 1,1. Các học viên nữ có mức độ hài lòng cao hơn (p=0,007). Mức độ hài lòng về nội dung và mục tiêu học tập tại mỗi phân môn cũng rất cao (>90%). Vẫn còn một số điểm cần được cải thiện trong chương trình đào tạo từ những đề xuất của học viên.

Kết luận: Nghiên cứu cho thấy một cái nhìn tổng quan về mức độ hài lòng và nhu cầu của học viên CK1 nhi khoa đối với chương trình đào tạo. Những phát hiện này sẽ rất hữu ích trong xây dựng và cải tiến chương trình.

Từ khóa: bác sĩ chuyên khoa cấp 1, nhi khoa, chương trình đào tạo, mức độ hài lòng, nhu cầu
Spatial connectivity through mountains and deserts drove South American scorpion's dispersal
Authors: Barraza Jeison , Avaria-Llautureo Jorge , Rivadeneira Marcelo
Published: September 2024

We inferred the geographic dispersal routes and the environmental conditions that shaped the ~30-million-years historical biogeography of Brachistosternus scorpions in South America. We evaluated the role that altitude and aridity had on the geographic distance that each species dispersed from the location of the genus common ancestor. Based on previous studies, we evaluated the hypothesis postulating that the species’ geographic expansion was promoted by arid conditions in higher altitudes. To test the hypothesis, we integrated two methodological approaches, the phylogenetic Geographical model and the Conductance model. The Geo model infers the locations of ancestral species in a phylogenetic tree, assuming a spherical space and using samples of georeferenced locations for every species as input data. It allows us to estimate the historical species dispersal routes and distances from the location of the genus common ancestor. The Conductance model is based on circuit theory and infers the geographic routes and distance of least resistance between two points, i.e., an origin and destination. We defined the origin as the location of the genus common ancestor obtained from the Geo model and the destination point as the current geographic location of each species. This model infers the geographic routes with the least cost of resistant for dispersal in a landscape of varying altitude and aridity. Finally, we evaluated the correlation between the two dispersal distances each species has moved from the location of the common ancestor, i.e., the distance inferred from the Geo model and from the Conductance model. The Geo model shows that Brachistosternus’s geographical origin was most likely along the coast of south Peru, and central Chile. From this location, extant species dispersed through routes ranging from 873 to 2,800 km on average. The Conductance model that considers the routes with less resistance to elevation and aridity simulated dispersal distances that are highly correlated with the species dispersal distances obtained from the Geo model. We revealed the geographic dispersal routes, with the least resistance to the pressures imposed by changes in altitude and aridity, that 55 species of scorpions have probably followed in the last 30 million years in South America. These geographic routes that went along the Andean Mountains and the arid zones of South America shaped the current spatial distribution radiation of the genus Brachistosternus.
Developing Machine Learning Applications for Population Genetic Inference: Ensuring Precise Terminology and Robust Implementation
Authors: Huang Xin
Published: September 2024

Machine learning applications for population genetic inference are emerging due to their potential to leverage large-scale genomic datasets, offering insights that traditional statistical methods may overlook. However, I have identified certain recurring issues. First, there is sometimes confusion between power and recall, and between the false discovery rate and one minus precision. These terms are specifically designed for hypothesis testing and are not appropriate for directly evaluating classification outcomes, as classification is a different task. Second, the lack of robustness in machine learning applications complicates their verification and application across different datasets, limiting their broader impact and slowing research progress. Robustness can be improved through strategies such as employing object-oriented programming for design, utilizing version control systems during development, and adopting package managers and workflow managers for distribution. I suggest by adhering to precise terminology and refining implementation practices, the impact of machine learning in population genetics can be maximized.
Creating a Dataset for the Detection of Flying Birds
Authors: Misios Ioannis , Constantinopoulos Constantinos , Sakelliou Athanasios
Published: September 2024

We present a pipeline for collecting a dataset for the detection of flying birds in videos. We treat the creation of a dataset as an iterative task, which allows to train an inference system periodically, and to improve gradually its performance. We follow a three stage pipeline, that includes repetitive video recording, video annotation and frame sampling for training a Deep Learning detector. Furthermore, we would like to point out that the end goal of our work is to protect birds flying through wind farms, in order to take protective measures. Therefore it is crucial to find the moment that a bird enters and exits the field of view of the camera. Thus we use our dataset to setup a Temporal Action Detection (TAD) task, and we evaluate our inference pipeline using an appropriate measure.
The Effects of Tax Avoidance and Corporate Social Responsibility Activities on Corporate Value in China
Authors:   Korean Association Of Computers And Accounting, Zhang Dao-Han , Park Mi-Young
Published: September 2024

[Purpose] Recently, social demands for sincere tax payment and social responsibility activities (hereinafter, CSR) of companies are increasing. However, some oppose this because of the decrease in corporate value. China, which has shown rapid capitalism economic development over the past decades, is no exception. This study empirically analyzed the effects of tax avoidance and CSR on corporate value for Chinese listed companies.
[Methodology] For empirical analysis, corporate value was measured in Tobin Q, tax avoidance was measured in three ways：effective tax rate and effective cash tax rate multiplied by (－1), and discretionary BTD of Desai and Dharmapala (2006). CSR was measured by whether or not to disclose the CSR report.
[Findings] First, it was found that corporate value decreased as tax avoidance increased. Second, when CSR is active, corporate value increases. Third, the regression coefficients of the interaction variable between tax avoidance and CSR all had significant positive (＋) values, and it was found that the negative effect of tax avoidance on corporate value decreased when CSR is active.
[Implications] This s tu dy i s meaningfu l in that it has demonstrated empirically that i t is also effective in terms of corporate sincere tax payment and CSR performance corporate value.
Innovációs pályázati forrásokat elnyert hazai kkv-k közép- és hosszú távú teljesítményváltozása
Authors: Tajti Kitti , Németh Eszter , Dániel Zoltán András
Published: September 2024

Az innovációs tevékenység a vállalkozások esetében a stratégiai gondolkodásmód és napi szintű gazdasági döntések összességét jelenti. Az utóbbi években, évtizedekben az innovációs tevékenység vizsgálata fontos területté vált. Kutatások támasztották alá, hogy az innovációs tevékenység a vállalkozások életben maradásának biztosítéka, növekedésének egyik mozgatórugója lehet. A jelen kutatás arra keresi a választ, hogy a hazai KKV szektor egy olyan szegmense, amely innovációval kapcsolatos tevékenységre pályázati forrást vett igénybe, hogyan hasznosította ezt és ez milyen hatással volt a vállalkozás közép és hosszú távú eredményességére. Ehhez, a kutatás mintájának meghatározását követően az adott forrást lehívó vállalkozások listája került legyűjtésre, és ezt követően az eredményességet mérő mutatószámokhoz az elemezhető beszámolóadatok adatbázisa került felépítésre. A munka során létrehozott adatbázis 12 év beszámoló adatait tartalmazza. A vizsgálat törekedett arra, hogy az infláció hatásai kiszűrésre kerüljenek, valamint figyelembe vette a 2008-ban kezdődő gazdasági válság következményeit is. Továbbá a kutatás fontosnak tartotta, hogy a kapott eredmények más vállalkozások eredményességi adataival is összevethetőek legyenek. Következtetésképpen elmondható, hogy a vizsgálat kimenetelei alátámasztották az innovációs tevékenység fontosságát és a kapott eredményességi mutatók számszerű adatokkal is igazolták a feltételezéseket.
Corporate Attributes and Earnings Management: Evidence from Listed Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Odokwo Rose Augustine , Ibok Nkanikpo , Ukpong Eno Gregory
Published: September 2024

The financial reporting practices of firms are usually influenced the certain attributes specific to such firms. The main objective of this study therefore, was to examine the effect of corporate attributes on earnings management practices of nonfinancial firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group for the period 2014 to 2023. The research design adopted for this study was ex post facto. Secondary data were used and the population of the study was 109 listed nonfinancial. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 70 companies as the sample size of this study. The Robust regression technique was used in analyzing the data and the statistical software employed was STATA 16. The results of the analysis revealed that firm age has significant negative effect on real earnings management; firm size has significant negative effect on real earnings management; and profitability has significant negative effect real earnings management of listed nonfinancial firms in Nigeria. Based on these findings, it was thus concluded that corporate attributes significantly influence earnings management practices of listed nonfinancial firms in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended among others Government and regulatory bodies should provide additional support and guidance to smaller firms to help them establish strong financial controls and reduce the possibility of earnings management.