bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of substrate density and cropping conditions on the cultivation of sun mushroom
Authors: Pardo-Giménez Arturo , Carrasco Jaime , Pardo Jose E. , Álvarez-Ortí Manuel , Zied Diego C.
Published: June 2020

Aim of the study: To evaluate agronomical features demanded by the sun mushroom (Agaricus subrufescens) in order to optimise the commercial cultivation of this worldwide demanded medicinal mushroom.Area of study: The study was carried out in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), the second most productive region of cultivated mushrooms in Spain.Material and methods: In this work we summarise the results obtained while evaluating the performance of sun mushroom crops (A. subrufescens). Two agronomical traits have been evaluated, the effect on the productive outputs of applying five different compost filling rates of high N substrate (yield and BE of the compost), and the influence of implementing two different conditions for the induction to fructification on the analytical properties of the harvested mushrooms. Besides, two commercial compost formulations (CM and VC) obtained from local providers have been used.Main results: The number of sporophores harvested and the yield per unit area increased with rising density of compost load, although the biological efficiency was not significantly modified. Compost fill rate of 70 kg m-2 provided an average yield of 13.33 kg m-2 and BE=55.45 kg dt-1, generally higher than those values reported in the literature. The proposed moderate slow induction provides better yields, particularly in the last flushes, and larger sporophores. Proximate analysis of harvested sporophores has not shown significant differences between treatments or factors.Research highlights: As guidance for growers, compost fill weight between 65 and 70 kg per m2 of productive area with a moderate slow induction to fructification is presented as the best option for commercial production under controlled environmental conditions.
Fatores de risco para câncer de mama e colorretal em população assistida por Equipe de Saúde da Família
Authors: Barduco Eliseu Siles , Alves Manoela Farias , Ferreira Luciano , Coelho Rúben Walter Brañas , Lindemann Ivana Loraine
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Descrever a frequência e a distribuição de alguns fatores de risco para o câncer colorretal e de mama, dentre adultos e idosos assistidos por uma Equipe de Saúde da Família (ESF). Métodos: Estudo descritivo realizado no município de Barra Funda, RS, com uma amostra não-probabilística de adultos e idosos assistidos pela ESF. A coleta de dados foi feita no período de março a outubro de 2016, através da aplicação de questionário pelas Agentes Comunitárias de Saúde (ACS), sendo analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: Foram incluídos 540 participantes sendo os fatores de risco mais frequentes: uso de anticoncepcionais orais, idade, história familiar, obesidade, falta de atividade física, consumo de carnes (vermelha e processada) e de bebida alcoólica. Conclusões: Os resultados estão em conformidade com os altos índices dessas neoplasias no município e no estado, o que demonstra a necessidade da atuação da ESF na prevenção primária voltada, especialmente, aos fatores de risco modificáveis.
Presença de sintomas depressivos em estudantes de medicina de Buenos Aires/Argentina
Authors: Borsalli Priscilla Swarça Borsalli , Swarça Ana Cláudia , Ramos Solange de Paula , Maia Raphael Pereira , Jovanovich Elias
Published: June 2020

A depressão é um transtorno mental frequente e vários estudos mostram que os estudantes de medicina são mais suscetíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de sintomas depressivos em estudantes de medicina da Universidade Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires. Foi utilizada a pesquisa científica descritiva e transversal em que o Inventário de Depressão de Beck foi utilizado. A normalidade dos dados foi avaliada com o teste de Kolmogórov-Smirnov e os dados foram comparados com o teste T de Student e o teste U de Mann Whitney. As variáveis qualitativas foram comparadas com o teste exato de Fisher. Não houve diferença significativa em idades, níveis de depressão entre homens e mulheres e na distribuição das frequências do ano estudado. O nível leve foi o mais frequente. Os alunos que vivem com amigos têm uma taxa de depressão moderada menor, e os alunos que vivem em hostel têm um índice mais alto. A porcentagem de alunos que nunca fizeram tratamento psicológico é próxima daqueles que nunca receberam tratamento psiquiátrico.
Avaliação das boas práticas em Unidades de Alimentação Escolar da zona rural do município de Pelotas, RS
Authors: Ramos Camila Irigonhé , Valença Marina Soares , Peter Nathalia Brandão , Muniz Ludmila Correa
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: avaliar as boas práticas de alimentação, através de checklist, em Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN) de escolas da rede municipal da zona rural da cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, de base escolar, do tipo censo, realizado nos anos de 2015/2016, com os gestores das escolas. Utilizou-se um checklist adaptado da Portaria Estadual 78 de 30 de janeiro de 2009, que foi constituído por 87 itens de avaliação, categorizados em 11 grupos. Para a avaliação dos itens críticos, seguiu-se os critérios de pontuação da RDC 275/2002. Cada UAN foi classificada como: Grupo 1, Grupo 2 e Grupo 3; cada grupo atende de 76 a 100%, 51 a 75%, até 50% dos itens, respectivamente. Os dados coletados foram duplamente digitados no programa EpiData 3.1 e posteriormente foram descritas as frequências absolutas e relativas no software Stata 12.1. Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 20 escolas, destas, com relação aos pontos críticos, 10% (n=2) foram classificadas no Grupo 1; 30% (n=6) no Grupo 2 e 60% (n=12) no Grupo 3. Quanto ao número total de itens, apenas 5% (n=1) foi classificada no Grupo 1; 85% (n=17) no Grupo 2 e 10% (n=2) no Grupo 3. Conclusão: de maneira geral, a alimentação oferecida aos escolares, no que tange à sua produção, não atende as boas práticas de fabricação, gerando risco de contaminação, e não assegurando, desta forma, um dos princípios do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar.
Efeito do modo de resfriamento na resistência do concreto após exposição a altas temperaturas
Authors: Segalin Leonardo Zampieri , Balestra Carlos Eduardo Tino , Savaris Gustavo , Bressiani Lucia
Published: June 2020

O concreto é o material de construção civil mais utilizado no mundo devido à sua versatilidade, propriedades mecânicas, baixo custo e grande disponibilidade de elementos constituintes. Dentre suas propriedades, destaca-se o bom desempenho quando exposto a elevadas temperaturas, garantido por características como a baixa difusividade térmica e incombustibilidade. Apesar de apresentar boa resistência ao fogo, estruturas de concreto nessas situações têm sua resistência mecânica reduzida em situações de incêndio incorrendo em problemas estruturais. Os efeitos do método de resfriamento do concreto após exposto às elevadas temperaturas nas propriedades mecânicas ainda requer estudos. Nesta pesquisa, corpos de prova cilíndricos foram moldados e submetidos a temperaturas de 200 e 400 oC por um período de 7 horas, sendo posteriormente submetidos a dois modos de resfriamento: imersão em água e ao ar ambiente. Após o resfriamento, os corpos de prova foram ensaiados a compressão axial e os resultados comparados aos corpos de prova de referência curados a 23 oC em câmara úmida. Os resultados demonstraram que o aquecimento até 200 oC não resultou em decréscimo de resistência independentemente do tipo de resfriamento aplicado, entretanto para 400 oC ocorreu redução de aproximadamente 30% da resistência, de forma mais acentuada no resfriamento em água.
Expert systems as a tool to manage accident risks in grain storage facilities
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Couto , Lovatto Juliano , Sanches Arthur Carniato , Gomes Eder Pereira , Alves de Souza Cristiano Márcio
Published: June 2020

Cuidar do bem-estar e da saúde dos trabalhadores é um princípio básico de engenharia, que compreende estudos científicos e visa alcançar um resultado positivo no final dos processos. O uso de unidades de processamento e armazenamento de grãos é vantajoso, pois permite o armazenamento de produtos por longos períodos. Por outro lado, esses locais oferecem riscos aos trabalhadores. Atualmente, existe um grande número de pesquisas que utilizam sistemas especializados para auxiliar na tomada de decisões. A Lógica Fuzzy é uma das mais utilizadas, pois apresenta fácil manuseio e interpretação dos resultados. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo utilizar a Lógica Fuzzy na Engenharia de Segurança do Trabalho, a fim de elaborar um modelo matemático que represente os níveis de risco de acidentes nas Unidades de Processamento e Armazenamento de Grãos e que possa ser utilizado como ferramenta para auxiliar na tomada de decisões. A possibilidade de acidentes; exposição ao risco; e a experiência dos trabalhadores foram consideradas variáveis de entrada. A resposta da simulação foi o risco de ocorrência de acidente ocupacional. Como conclusão, foi possível verificar que a Lógica Fuzzy foi tão eficiente quanto uma ferramenta de engenharia para representar riscos de acidentes. O cumprimento das Normas de Regulamentação (NR) e a "Experiência dos Trabalhadores"podem impactar o "Risco de acidente"nas unidades de processamento e armazenamento de grãos.
Violência intrafamiliar e transmissão psíquica no contexto em que sonhos e atividade lúdica são expressões do corpo familiar: estudo de caso
Authors: Dias Maria Luiza
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho, utilizando-se de referencial psicanalítico, discute o processo de atualização dos conflitos psíquicos transgeracionais no corpo do(s) membro(s) de um grupo familiar como expressão simbólica do mundo psíquico representacional coletivo. Parte da visão que o corpo individual, em suas manifestações somáticas, expressa conteúdos compartilhados por toda unidade familiar, levando o fenômeno de uma esfera intrapsíquica a outra inter-relacional e transpsíquica. Como estratégia de desenvolvimento temático, será apresentado um caso clínico em que a mãe relata sonhos nos quais, sucessivamente, acorda alarmada e assustada, com manifestações corporais incluindo taquicardia e desconforto físico. Assim, neste estudo de caso, os sintomas físicos e a atividade onírica podem ser entendidos como um evento intra, inter e transpsíquico expresso no contexto da família. Este atendimento clínico foi desenvolvido com a mãe individualmente e em conjunto com seus filhos, tendo a mãe cedido um Termo de Consentimento para esse trabalho, que focaliza o desenho infantil e sua expressão de atividade lúdica que, em consonância com os sonhos da mãe, expressam a dinâmica psíquica vivenciada na família com o envolvimento de todos no contexto da violência doméstica. Conclui-se que a violência intrafamiliar necessita ser compreendida no contexto inter-relacional e inserida em sua cadeia intergeracional.
The Comaneci Device for Entering an Acute-Angled Small Feeder during Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Embolization: A Novel Technique to Support Microcatheterization
Authors: Wessels Lars , de Vries Joost , Boogaarts Hieronymus D.
Published: June 2020

In this report, we describe the use of the Comaneci device to support microcatheterization in a small branch arising from a parent artery during embolization. In 2 cases, arteriovenous malformations presented with intracranial hemorrhage. A microcatheter was navigated into a small feeder while the Comaneci device was deployed just distal to the feeder with an acute angle from the parent artery. Our technical note represents an alternative option of catheterization in cases with difficult access to small feeders originating from higher flow arteries at a sharp angle while maintaining continuous flow in the parent artery.
Parental Education, Household Health, and Household Standard of Living: Evidence from Rural Cameroon
Authors: Noumba Issidor , Nzouessah Feunke Quentin Lebrun
Published: June 2020

Recent data shows that social and economic conditions of rural dwellers are worsening in Cameroon. This paper estimates the link between parental education and household economic wellbeing (ECW). It also relates household health to household ECW, jointly education and health to ECW. Data employed are from a national survey conducted by the National Institute of Statistics in 2011. The unitary household economic model is the theoretical foundation. Empirical models specified are estimated using different methods. OLS is employed to estimate the link between education and ECW. One result on which the paper insists is obtained from a non-linear control function specification. Two salient results are highlighted. i) Education appears to be a significant determinant of household health. ii) Education and health are not perfect substitutes in the household utility function. These findings could guide policymakers in search for effective health and education programs aimed at improving rural economic wellbeing.
Impact of Health and Literacy on Economic Growth in Morocco
Authors: BENNACEUR Seddik , ACHCHAB Boujemâa
Published: June 2020

The objective of our work is to verify the impact of the improvement of health conditions and literacy on economic growth in Morocco during the period between 1980 and 2018. We based ourselves on the work of (Mankiw et al., 1992), in which they studied the impact of human capital on economic growth by integrating it as a component in the Solow model. The data we have used mainly comes from the High Commission for Planning and the World Bank. The observation that we have made is that the composite health and literacy index that we have developed has no significant impact on the growth of GDP per capita in Morocco during the period studied, which means that the literate and healthy work force does not have the expected effect on economic growth in Morocco. Thus, to be able to take advantage of its qualified and educated workforce, we suggest that the Moroccan authorities should encourage investments in sectors of activity that require this kind of workforce, because the study of the current market situation of employment in Morocco has shown that the agricultural sector and the informal sector have a significant share in the national GDP, but recruit an illiterate or low-skilled workforce.
Why do Islamic Banks Concentrating Finance in Murabaha Mode? Performance and Risk Analysis (Sudan: 1997-2018)
Authors: Omer Mustafa Omer Allagabo
Published: June 2020

During 1997-2018, Islamic Banks (IBs) in Sudan provided finance by Murabaha mode to their clients with more than 45% on average. This position raises questions of why do IBs concentrating finance in Murabaha Mode rather than other modes? is this concentration implying risk and does it have influence on the financial performance of IBs? This study aimed to discusses the reasons and answer these questions. Nonperforming loan(NPL), Murabaha to gross finance, Musharaka to gross finance, Mudabaha to gross finance and Salam to gross finance were used to indicate the credit risk. Return on Equity (ROE) was used to indicate the financial performance of IBs. Ordinary least squares technique was employed to determine the trend of relations between the variables. The main results of the study show that there is an important positive relationship between the NPL and provision finance by both Murabaha and Mudaraba modes. Whereas were a negative with both Musharaka and Salam. Moreover, it’s found that there is strong negative relationship between NPL and ROE. The main reason for the expansion granting finance by Murabaha mode is that IBs are heavy rely on collaterals and in case of clients’ failure to pay, they sell collaterals to keep their financial performance safety. The study strongly recommends IBs importance of diversify the granting finance among Islamic modes of finance to avoiding the risk of concentration the finance by Murabaha mode. Furthermore, monetary authority in Sudan need to keep IBs aware with the risk associated with Islamic modes, especially Murabaha.
Analysis of Resampling Techniques on Predictive Performance of Credit Card Classification
Authors: Anis Maira , Ali Mohsin , Mirza Shahid Aslam , Munir Malik Mamoon
Published: June 2020

Credit card fraud detection has been a very demanding research area due to its huge financial implications and rampant applications in almost every area of life. Credit card fraud datasets are naturally imbalanced by having more legitimate transaction in comparison to the fraudulent transactions.  Literature represents numerous studies that are aimed to balance the skewed datasets. There are two major techniques of resampling in balancing these sets i.e. under-sampling and oversampling. However both under-sampling and oversampling techniques suffer from their own set of problems that can seriously affect the performance of classifiers that have been inducted for credit card studies in the past. Thus to accelerate detection of credit card fraud, it is very important to implement the strategy that could possibly provide better predictive performance. This paper attempts to find out what resampling technique can work best under different skewed distributions for the domain of credit card fraud detection.
Structural Analysis and Size Optimization of a Fine-Blanking Press Frame Based on Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Zhao Xinhao , Liu Yanxiong , Hua Lin , Mao Huajie
Published: June 2020

The fine-blanking press, which has been widely used in the sheet-cutting industry, is high-end equipment. The frame is a core component of the fine-blanking press. In this paper, the sensitivity analysis and size optimization method were used to optimize a fine-blanking press frame. First, a shell element model of the frame was established to analyse the mechanical properties of the initial frame. Then, the mathematical expressions for sensitivity analysis and size optimization of the frame were formulated. Based on the established model, the response sensitivities for plate thicknesses were analysed, and a 12.94 % weight reduction was achieved through size optimization. Moreover, the effect of material distribution on dynamic performance was investigated. The result indicated that for a constrained structure, distributing material close to the constraint location increases the modal frequencies.
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of an Improved Shearing Process with Different Punch Characteristics
Authors: Gomah Mahmoud , Demiral Murat
Published: June 2020

Blanking and piercing shearing processes have been widely used to manufacture workpieces for industrial, commercial and testing purposes. During the operation, the punch is exposed to higher stresses and, due to the cycled contact of opposite surfaces, it can be worn significantly. As its surface directly affects the quality of sheet products and causes some surface defects, its performance plays a significant role. In this study, various tools with different characteristics were investigated for an improved shearing process. First, a novel punch with a hemispherical ball at the centre of its flat face was tested and compared with a conventional one. The process was simulated using ABAQUS/Explicit finite element (FE) program, in which the Johnson-Cook material model with its complementary damage model was used to represent the behaviour of the sheet material. Based on this, an optimum geometry for the proposed punch was determined. Secondly, the wear resistance of TiN, CrN, TiSiN, AlCrN and AlTiN coated punches, produced with physical vapour deposition (PVD) technique, and of the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutter were compared based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs after 1000 strokes under dry cutting conditions.
Numerical Modelling of Stiffness of RTA Furniture with New Externally Invisible and Dismountable Joints
Authors: Krzyżaniak Łukasz , Smardzewski Jerzy , Prekrat Silvana
Published: June 2020

The distribution of furniture sold in the form of flat packages requires the use of appropriate design solutions. These include joints, which need to facilitate self-assembly with no need to use tools. Such joints should be functional, aesthetically attractive, durable and safe to use. It was decided in this study to manufacture prototypes of innovative furniture joints and evaluate the quality of furniture assembled using these joints. For this purpose, the finite element method and the Abaqus program were used. Joints were modelled as objects made of polylactide (PLA). Surface to surface contact and assembly forces resulting from the construction of joints were introduced between the elements of the joint. The furniture case was subjected to torsional loads. The rigidity of furniture and stress distribution in joints were calculated. On the basis of numerical calculations, the joints were positively validated.
Thermal Degradation of Bonding Strength of Aspen Plywood
Authors: Bekhta Pavlo , Bekhta Nataliya
Published: June 2020

The objective of this research was to study the effect of exposure time on the bonding strength of aspen plywood at elevated temperatures. The plywood samples were manufactured under laboratory conditions using two types of adhesive: urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF). The plywood samples were tested after exposure to three different temperatures (150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C) and three exposure time levels (1, 2 and 3 hours) at each temperature. Additionally, a set of control samples was tested at room temperature. The quality of bonding was assessed by shear strength test in compliance with the requirements of the standard EN 314-1. The mass and density losses as well as colour changes of the plywood samples were also determined. The findings of this study indicated that exposure of plywood panels to elevated temperature caused significant degradation of their bonding strength. PF plywood samples lost 63.2 % of their initial strength after 3 h of exposure at 250 °C, while UF samples lost 65.9 % of their initial strength already after 3 h of exposure at the temperature of 200 °C. Statistical regression-based models were also developed for predicting the loss of plywood bonding strength as functions of mass and density losses and total colour difference. As the mass/density losses or total colour difference of panels increased, the losses in bonding strength increased too.
Representatividade feminina na política: a eficácia do sistema de cotas e a reforma política
Authors: Costa Fabricio Veiga , Aparecida de Araújo SRA Dalvaney
Published: June 2020

No Brasil existe um déficit de representatividade de gênero expresso na ínfima representatividade das mulheres nas esferas de poder. Isso constitui um reflexo da sociedade patriarcal brasileira. Para se tentar reverter esse cenário, instituiu-se as políticas de cotas nas Leis 9.100/95 e 9.504/97. Contudo, essa inserção não representou um aumento significativo. E, agora, na reforma política, outras propostas de cotas de inclusão da mulher vêm sendo desenhadas no Congresso Nacional. Em virtude disso, pretende-se analisar no presente artigo se essas inserções representarão avanços no combate a esse déficit ou se outras teorias como a participação paritárias devem ser adotadas para que ocorra, factualmente, a representatividade feminina no cenário político. A metodologia foi realizada pelo método indutivo hipotético numa abordagem crítico-comparativa, mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Participação popular e revisão do plano diretor: garantia de adequada atuação do gestor municipal
Authors: Lunelli Carlos Alberto , Brandelli Ailor Carlos
Published: June 2020

A revisão decenal do plano diretor municipal decorre da previsão legal do Estatuto da Cidade. Esse procedimento implica intervenção mínima do gestor municipal, que inaugura o processo de revisão e conduz sua tramitação, disponibilizando à coletividade, para avaliação e votação, as propostas de mudanças a serem implementadas. A discricionariedade administrativa é limitada à condução do processo e não ao mérito da revisão. A revisão em si será o resultado das decisões decorrentes das audiências públicas e precipuamente, da participação popular. Para tanto, é imperioso disponibilizar à sociedade, de forma clara e completa, todos os instrumentos de comunicação necessários para a apreciação dos dados técnicos que justificariam a alteração do plano diretor e o cotejo do que se pretende alterar com as normas já existentes. Qualquer condução diversa importa em ato ímprobo, passível de condenação, uma vez que na relação urbanística o cidadão é o ator principal da revisão e o principal destinatário da norma.
Apontamentos sobre a regulação da atividade empresarial a partir do direito ao desenvolvimento
Authors: Mota Maciel Madeira Dezem Renata , De Oliveira Bassetto Ruiz Renata
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo trata da relação entre Direito e Economia e da necessidade de utilização das normas jurídicas para a regulação da atividade empresarial com vistas ao desenvolvimento, utilizando-se, para tanto, do estudo da teoria do novo estruturalismo jurídico, com especial destaque para os textos de Calixto Salomão Filho. Apresenta um escorço histórico sobre as origens do subdesenvolvimento e sua relação com a atividade empresarial atual. Finalmente, apresenta o direito ao desenvolvimento voltado não somente para as necessidades econômicas, mas ao preenchimento de necessidades sociais e como um processo de expansão das liberdades humanas, tais como os direitos sociais básicos.
A criminalização da homofobia pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e os possíveis limites na formação dos precedentes penais
Authors: Figueiredo Raquel El-Bachá , Araújo Fábio Roque da Silva
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho tem o escopo de averiguar se existem limites na formação de precedentes penais, bem como quais seriam esses limites, partindo da análise da decisão referente à criminalização da homofobia pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Para tanto, através de uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando-se do método dedutivo e da técnica de revisão bibliográfica, faz-se necessário o estudo da necessidade da criminalização da homofobia, da decisão mencionada, bem como a análise do ativismo judicial em que esta importa e dos possíveis limites para a formação de precedentes no âmbito penal. Verifica-se que a determinação de aplicação da Lei nº 7.716/89 às condutas homofóbicas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal extrapola a sua competência e não observa o princípio da legalidade, tampouco a proibição da analogia in malam partem.
Ransomware e cibersegurança: a informação ameaçada por ataques a dados
Authors: Fornasier Mateus De Oliveira , Spinato Tiago Protti , Ribeiro Fernanda Lencina
Published: June 2020

Este artigo objetiva abordar a modalidade de sequestro de dados na internet conhecido como ransomware. Investiga, assim, a possibilidade de ser criada uma regulação jurídica suficiente para ao menos se mitigar esse crime. Como resultados, tem-se que: i) o ransomware representa um grande problema, pois os dados sequestrados são atualmente tão valiosos quanto moeda real, sendo que seu uso tem o poder de influenciar mercados, eleições e vidas humanas de uma forma muito profunda; ii) os pagamentos de resgate se dão mormente por criptomoedas, não reguladas por Estados, o que complexifica o rastreamento dos valores até o criminoso, fazendo com que a punição seja quase inexistente; iii) é necessária, para mitigar a sua ocorrência, a cooperação entre empresas, cidadãos e Estados, pois esse crime não se atém às fronteiras territoriais estatais, sendo praticado em qualquer lugar, com vítimas distantes. Metodologia: método de procedimento hipotético-dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental.
Em busca de uma alternativa para o utilitarismo: recursos ou capacidades?
Authors: Barros Leal Victor Marcelo , Sampaio Siqueira Natércia
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, comparar três teorias de justiça: o utilitarismo, o igualitarismo de recursos de Ronald Dworkin e a abordagem das capacidades de Amartya Sen. Constatou-se a insuficiência da perspectiva utilitarista em virtude de obscurecer a pluralidade ínsita aos complexos valores humanos, de negligenciar o papel da agência na moral e na ética e por apostar em uma metodologia cegamente calculista. O igualitarismo de recursos de Dworkin, por sua vez, propõe um teste para aferir a equidade de distribuição de recursos entre os membros de uma sociedade.Já Sen elabora uma teoria focada nas capacidades das pessoas para viverem a vida que valorizam, transferindo o enfoque dos meios para os fins. Conclui-se que as dimensões dos recursos e das capacidades devem ser reciprocamente exploradas em cada um desses autores, de modo a evitar a negligência aos fatores que influenciam a conversão de renda em qualidade de vida e afastar os riscos da consolidação de um Estado paternalista.
Managing reputation on TripAdvisor – a case study of Cracow’s hotel market
Authors: Jezierski Adam
Published: June 2020

The aim of the study described in this article was to establish if there are any patterns in the way different Cracow hotels manage their online reputation by responding to online user reviews. Reputation was analysed by means of quantitative variables representing some dimensions of reputation. Characteristics of selected hotels were investigated to show how they influence the way in which hotels respond to online reviews posted by hotel guests. 1327 replies to over 4000 reviews were collected by a web scraping tool called ParseHub. The significance of differences among group means in a sample was checked by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance and HSD Tukey test. It was found that three independent variables - having a social media profile, being part of a hotel chain and the TripAdvisor user rating - were factors that significantly differentiated hotels’ response to online reviews. Some differences to findings of previous studies were also identified, primarily in terms of the effect of star ratings and the number of rooms. It was concluded that Cracow’s hotels are better at managing their online reputation than hotels operating in other local markets and that visibility was the dimension of reputation that received the most attention.
A comparison of the tourism sector in Poland and the Czech Republic
Authors: Będzik Beata , Gołąb Sylwia
Published: June 2020

The aim of the article is to assess the condition of the tourism sector in Poland and in the Czech Republic. Statistical data from various institutions operating in the area of travel and tourism were compared. These statistics were supplemented with data contained in industry reports. In addition, official tourism statistics from both countries were also used. The analysis shows that the Polish tourism industry does not fully use the its potential for development and performs worse than Western European countries. The Czech Republic, despite a smaller population, has a higher indicator of infrastructural equipment, which, given the country’s geographical location, is the key determinant of the development potential of the tourism sector. The Polish tourism industry needs to continue investing in its infrastructure, which, given the country’s geographical location and conditions for tourism, is one of the key factors that affect tourism and drive its development. Online promotion and advertising should also be intensified in order to reach potential tourists and show them the full range of tourism services. Poland and the Czech Republic are not generally perceived as very popular tourist destinations, so people’s awareness of their attractiveness for tourism must be raised. The Internet is a particularly well-suited tool for this purpose, as it can, at a relatively low cost, show that countries like Poland and the Czech Republic can also provide services that satisfy the needs of various tourists.
LE SALAIRE MINIMUM INTERPROFESSIONNEL GARANTI SOUS LA CONSTITUTION DU 18 FEVRIER 2006. CADRE JURIDIQUE ET PROBLEMES D’APPLICATION EFFECTIVE EN RD CONGO
Authors: Nsambana Bonkako Juslain
Published: June 2020

Le décret n°18/017 du 22 mai 2018 portant fixation du nouveau SMIG a fixé celui-ci à 7.075CDF, représentant 5USD au moment de la prise de décision. Ce décret, qui aurait pour vocation de remplacer, en l’abrogeant (sic), l’ordonnance n°80/040 du 30 avril 2008 ayant fixé le SMIG à 1.680CDF, tire son fondement légal de l’article 87 du code du travail congolais de 2002 qui reconnait cette compétence au Président de la République. Dans cette étude, la réflexion est orientée à trois niveaux : il est d’abord question de ressortir, à la lumière de la lecture des articles 87 du code du travail de 2002 et 204, point 17 de la constitution de la RDC du 18 février 2006, l’autorité compétente en matière de fixation du SMIG, ce qui permet de tirer les conséquences du décret n°18/017 du 22 mai 2018, précité ; ensuite, présenter le champ d’application du SMIG où il importe de préciser notamment entre rémunération et salaire, lequel sert d’élément de comparaison au SMIG, quels types et catégories de salariés sont-ils concernés par son application ; enfin, l’approche empirique consistant à aborder des problèmes pratiques que suscite l’application du SMIG entre employeurs et travailleurs.
LE SORT DES INCITATIONS FISCALES APPLICABLES AUX INDUSTRIES EXTRACTIVES DANS LES CODES MINIERS CONGOLAIS (RDC) ET GUINEEN TELS QUE REVISES
Authors: Djangi Ekila Nicole
Published: June 2020

Cet article fait une étude horizontale des incitations fiscales avant et après la révision des Codes miniers en RDC et en Guinée. Cette étude se veut être comparative et critique dans la perspective d’une meilleure gestion du secteur extractif et d’une maximisation des recettes des Etats sous examen. Ainsi de la présentation des politiques fiscales minières dans ces deux pays, passant par l’état de lieux des incitations dans les différents codes avant et après la modification pour aboutir aux critiques et perspectives, cette étude peint un tableau descriptif qui permette de comprendre ce qu’il y avait et ce qui a changé dans les différentes législations.
Impact of Apo Lipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism on Hepatitis C Virus Disease Progression and Response to Direct Acting Antivirals in the Egyptian Population
Authors: Yousif Monkez M , Selim Fayrouz Othman , Zedan Ayaat Mohamed , Samir Ghada Mohamed , Fakhr Ahmed Elsadek
Published: June 2020

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is a major health problem in Egypt. Apo lipoprotein E and lipid metabolism are closely associated with the life cycle of the virus and play an important role in facilitating this infection. Objectives: To identify the role of apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism on hepatitis C virus disease progression and response to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Methods: We included twenty patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection (CHC) from those who failed to respond to DAAs treatment and 76 subjects from responders. Apo lipoprotein E genotypes were determined using PCR restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results: Apolipoprotein genotype E3/E3 was prevalent in 75.9% of patients. The distribution for the rest of genotypes was 16.9%, 3.6%, 2.4% and 1.2 % for Apo E3/E4, E2/E3, E4/E4, and E2/E2 respectively. No statistically significant difference was found regarding any of the Apo E genotypes with liver cirrhosis or response to therapy. Conclusions: No significant impact for any Apo E genotypes on CHC disease severity or response to therapy with direct-acting antivirals was detected among Egyptian patients.
Seroprevalence of Human Fascioliasis Using ELISA in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Southeast of Iran
Authors: Hoseini Hosnie , Etemadi Soudabeh
Published: June 2020

Background: Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the liver parasites, Fasciola hepatica, and F. gigantica. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of fascioliasis in Zahedan and the surrounding towns (i.e., Zabol, Chabahar, Iranshahr, etc.) in the Southeast of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017. Based on statistical estimations, 251 human serum samples were collected randomly in Zahedan and surrounding towns (Zabol, Chabahar, Iranshahr, and others), then the samples were analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. A questionnaire was obtained from each individual. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test in SPSS, version 20. Results: Of the 251 samples, the anti-fasciola antibody was detected in 6 (2.40%) samples. There was a significant relationship between the use of local freshwater vegetables and seropositivity to fasciolosis. Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of human fascioliasis was higher among women (2.70%) compared to men (0.0%), and raising health levels and health education can reduce the prevalence of human fascioliasis disease.
Politika podpory najmenej rozvinutých okresov – hodnotenie procesov a identifikácia zlyhaní
Authors: Melichová Katarína , Hrivnák Michal , Szabó Nikolas , Pospišová Lucia
Published: June 2020

The paper is focused on the evaluation of selected aspects of the support policy for the least developed districts in the specific environment of the Svidník district from the perspective of relevant groups of local actors in order to identify failures and barriers in various phases of formulation and implementation of the Action Plan. The methodology of the case study of the selected district is based on a questionnaire survey and conducting of interviews with actors involved in relevant processes at the district level. The results of the case study indicate the existence of typical institutional failures: the presence of information asymmetry between actors at local level as well as between different levels of governance, time consuming administrative burdens, which were partly caused and exacerbated by frequent changes in conditions regarding the support eligibility and in institutional arrangements for policy implementation.
Dynamika regionálních inovačních systémů ve střední a východní Evropě
Authors: Raszková Soňa
Published: June 2020

This article examines regional innovation systems in Central and Eastern Europe, with particular attention to the regions with the highest innovation success. The articles also include a discussion of the presence of elements and dynamic of regional innovation systems in these countries. The Innovation performance of regions in Central and Eastern Europe is analyzed and selected progressive regions are further examined in terms of partial innovation and socio-economic indicators. Data on regions were obtained from the Regional Innovation Scoreboard 201at the NUTS II level. Detailed analysis is possible through a case study of the Malopolskie region. The analysis focuses primarily on the causes of the region's innovative progress, including the setting of favorable conditions for SMEs and the associated high cluster activity, the commercialization of research and the dissemination of external knowledge. On the basis of the overall analysis, RIS in Central and Eastern Europe are far below RIS in Western and Northern Europe and their results are very low compared to these regions.
Nová etapa vo vývoji inštitucionalizácie inovačných procesov: grassroots inovácie
Authors: Hrivnák Michal , Melichová Katarína , Roháčiková Oľga
Published: June 2020

A simple sectoral division of socio-economic actors into four basic sectors is no longer enough today. With the liberalization of social processes and the growth of the dynamics of innovative and creative communities, new, often inter-sectoral, in terms of institutional form hybrid, community (bottom-up) projects and organizations based around concrete innovative projects, can be observed in the conditions of both developed and developing countries. This projects can through new solutions and the pressure to shift the social change, facilitate the mitigation of specific local sectoral and cross-sectoral problems, or partially contribute to solving global challenges by activating the interest of local society. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the existing approaches to the definition of the institutional unit "grassroot" innovation and to define the basic conceptual framework for their further research.The results of the synthesis of foreign knowledge suggest that the considerable heterogeneity of grassrots innovations requires the study of this phenomenon at the multi-disciplinary level, while it is necessary to clearly define them and systematically monitor them at the level of state authorities.
Rozvoj Jihočeského kraje v kontextu veřejných financí a spolupráce obcí
Authors: Dušek Jiří
Published: June 2020

In the past few years, several research projects focused on the barriers of inter-municipal cooperation were carried out in the Czech Republic and abroad. As the research results reflect the respective local and regional specifics, the results and conclusions are diametrically different, depending on particular conditions in the respective country. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the uneven socio-economic development of the municipalities in the South Bohemian Region, as an example of the development of cooperation between the municipalities of the South Bohemian Region in relation to the economic background of municipalities. The hypothesis is that the economically stronger municipalities have better conditions for establishment and development of cooperation of municipalities. The theoretical part consists of research findings related to the problems of regional development and cooperation of municipalities. Furthermore, various methods are introduced, which are applied in the context of municipal analysis. The research of municipality cooperation was carried out by the author in 2007-2018. The results of the research confirmed the assumption of uneven development of the territory because economically weaker municipalities have really worse conditions for the establishment and development of cooperation between municipalities.
Formální hlediska fungování dobrovolných svazků obcí
Authors: Jetmar Marek
Published: June 2020

The article presents selected results of the analysis of a sample of voluntary associations of municipalities, which was carried out in connection with the elaboration of the methodology of well-functioning associations by the Czech Ministry of the Interior. Multipurpose voluntary associations operating in a functional micro-region identical or similar to the ORP territory (territory of municipalities with extended power) were examined. The formal aspects of their functioning, managerial models, methods of communication, value aspects, etc. were examined. This article focuses on the first examined area, ie. the formal aspects of the functioning of associations. It is based on a formal analysis of the founding documents and articles of association, their comparison and assessment. The information was subsequently verified in the form of controlled interviews with representatives of the unions. The survey shows that the variability in the setting of organs and relationships within the bundles is not significant, it concerns only some roles and names (designations) of organs. I.e. all the associations examined showed the same similar features in terms of the division of tasks between the supreme and executive bodies. Partial differences were identified in the relationship between the highest and the executive body (within the scope of the tasks that were delegated), in the way of recruiting new members, and the sanction of the member community in case of non-fulfillment of obligations. The chairman always represents the association externally. He himself, or in cooperation with the secretary or his deputy (occasionally) participates in organizing the operation of the association. Associations seldom create bodies of working, initiating or control nature. Their position does not have to be regulated by the statutes. Subsequently, recommendations for the effective operation of the bundles are formulated. In the event that the chairman cannot devote himself to the activities of the association on a full-time basis, it is necessary for the successful operation of the union to appoint the position of manager or secretary.
Konkurencieschopné platy v miestnej štátnej správe. Regionálny kompenzačný príplatok
Authors: Černěnko Tomáš
Published: June 2020

Uniform wages offered by the public administration are not always competitive compared to private sector wages in every district. This is reflected in high levels of turnover, vacancies or an unbalanced age structure of employees and leads to a lower quality of public services provided. One way to address this would be to introduce a system to compensate for regional pay gaps. The aim of our paper is to propose a mechanism for determining the regional compensatory allowance for employees of district offices. We used two approaches to determine it. The first consists in expressing the share of individual salary classes in the national average wage and their subsequent reflection on individual regions and districts. The second is based on calculation of the gaps between individual salary classes and their subsequent projection into individual regions and districts. Together, we offer 4 scenarios (2 theoretical approaches with 2 variants) for determining the regional compensatory allowance. The result is regional pay scales and tables with the amount of the regional compensation surcharge, as well as a quantification of each scenario. From our point of view, the most suitable for implementation is a scenario based on the projection of the share of wages in the average regional wage at the district level.
Effects of municipal housing policy on urban development
Authors: Raková Barbora
Published: June 2020

Housing policy on municipal level is in the Czech realm neither thoroughly analysed, nor systematically performed. Policymakers lack basic data-base for taking competent decisions. This study shall establish a base for further discussion on factors, effects and importance of municipal housing policy for urban development. A comparative analysis of three Czech cities has been performed with the aim to answer the questions what explains a housing policy, whether and how housing policy may impact urban development (factors) and what the effects are. This study proved that housing policy does have an impact on urban development and that this fact is not clearly reflected in the Czech multilevel governance. The relevance of multiple socio-economic factors of housing policy for urban development has been examined. From the identified effects of these factors, a set of hypotheses for further research has been developed. The study consists of four parts. The first one frames housing policy in a context of place-based regional theories and explains the Czech system of multilevel governance in this field. The second section explains the use of comparative analysis and the selection of indicators as well as the collected data. The third part comments on obtained data and the final one draws suggestions for further research of academics and better decisions of policymakers.