bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jornada continua vs. jornada partida y la salud de los profesores: Un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Boix Vilella Salvador , León Zarceño Eva , Serrano Rosa Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2021

La nueva normativa que regula los horarios escolares puede afectar a la labor del profesorado y a su salud. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar a dos grupos de profesores que trabajaban en diferentes jornadas laborales (continua y partida) con el fin de explorar su estado psicológico en función de su jornada laboral. La muestra estaba formada por 76 profesores, cuya edad media fue de 38.72 años (DT = 9.29) y su experiencia docente 9.88 años. Se evaluó los niveles de tensión laboral, burnout, autoeficacia y satisfacción laboral, además de realizarse un registro con 3 días de medición donde se valoró la percepción de fatiga física, mental y el estado de ánimo, todo ello al inicio y al final de la jornada. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias en niveles de tensión laboral, burnout, autoeficacia ni satisfacción laboral entre grupos. Sin embargo, los profesores de jornada continua perciben significativamente menos fatiga mental y física y su estado de ánimo es significativamente mejor y más estable en comparación con los de la jornada partida. Estos resultados se discuten tratando de aportar una perspectiva centrada en la salud de los profesores al debate que surge respecto a la implantación de la jornada continua.
La psicología de la educación, una encrucijada de muchos caminos
Authors: Coll Salvador César
Published: March 2021

Se analiza el estatus epistemológico de la Psicología de la Educación (PE) como disciplina aplicada, puente entre la Educación y la Psicología. El desarrollo de PE como campo profesional implica conectar el conocimiento generado por la investigación psicoeducativa y la práctica profesional, e incluir los diversos contextos en los que se aprende, que no se limitan a la escuela. La diversidad de los escenarios educativos se traduce en un campo profesional limites todavía difusos. Los postgrados de PE reflejan esta amplitud así como los diferentes enfoques que conviven dentro de la Psicología. Por último, se aborda el problema de la regulación del ejercicio profesional y se distingue entre el acceso al trabajo de orientador, como profesión regulada, y al resto de los contextos educativos. En el primer caso, se considera la mejor solución ofrecer en el Máster de PE un itinerario escolar específico, que, una vez verificado, fuera equivalente a la especialidad de orientación educativa del Master en Formación del Profesorado. Para el resto del campo, sería útil disponer de un catálogo, abierto y revisable, de los espacios a los que se van incorporando progresivamente los psicólogos de la educación, pero se considera innecesario e incluso contraproducente regular el acceso, cuando están emergiendo nuevos contextos de actividad que ofrecen recursos y oportunidades para aprender.
La psicología de la Educación en la encrucijada
Authors: Sánchez Miguel Emilio , Martín Ortega Elena
Published: March 2021

En el artículo se revisan dos conjuntos de decisiones que han afectado de manera negativa a la imagen y definición de los psicólogos educativos como profesión y al papel de la Psicología de la Educación, como disciplina, en los estudios de psicología. El primero es la creación de dos profesiones sanitarias dentro de la psicología con sus respectivos trayectos formativos que ha creado una asimetría entre las distintas áreas y especialidades de la psicología. El segundo conjunto de decisiones incluye la creación de la profesión regulada de Orientador y el master de Formación del profesorado de Secundaria. Tras revisar las consecuencias de ambas decisiones y mostrar la falta de respuesta del área, se detallan cuatro posibles medidas y sus respectivas consecuencias con el fin de que los distintos participantes se pronuncien y no s permitan trazar una imagen de nuestra situación que refleje en qué hay acuerdos y en qué aspectos no los hay. El fin último de este análisis es proponer una vía consensuada para responder a los problemas planteados.
La intervención del psicólogo en la prueba preconstituida. Un nuevo reto profesional
Authors: Rey Anastasi Adriana , Pedroche Garde Inmaculada , Martínez Miguel Elena
Published: March 2021

La implantación de la Prueba Preconstituida en los Juzgados y Tribunales españoles supone un nuevo reto para la Psicología Jurídica al asumir funciones de obtención de declaración a las víctimas especialmente vulnerables y menores insertos en procedimientos judiciales. La Unidad de Psicología Forense del IMLCF de Valencia asume la práctica de dicha prueba en especial en asuntos de abuso sexual y maltrato infantil. En el presente artículo se presenta la metodología empleada a efectos de ayudar a la víctima a recuperar la memoria episódica del suceso vivido siguiendo los fundamentos de la Psicología del Testimonio. Termina el artículo con la reflexión acerca de la necesidad de aunar esfuerzos entre el Derecho y la Psicología que garantice la eficacia de la prueba, con formación por parte de los expertos y buen uso de ella por parte de los Tribunales de Justicia.
Aproximación a un modelo de intervención psicológica en atención primaria basado en la terapia breve
Authors: Gálvez-Lara Mario , Corpas Jorge , Moreno Eliana , Venceslá José Fernando , García-Torres Francisco , Moriana Juan Antonio
Published: March 2021

El incremento de consultas relacionadas con problemas y trastornos en Atención Primaria y las características propias de este nivel asistencial (masificación de pacientes, hiperfrecuentación, etc.), hacen que cobre sentido el debate sobre la participación de los profesionales de la psicología en este contexto. Además, en los últimos años se ha reivindicado una mejor adecuación de los tratamientos psicológicos a las situaciones reales de aplicación, lo que conllevaría, entre otras actuaciones, su adaptación a formatos breves de tiempo limitado. En el presente trabajo analizamos la importancia que tiene la psicología en los problemas de salud dentro del sistema público de salud, incidiendo en las principales problemáticas y en el estado actual de la situación en nuestro país, así como en el surgimiento de las terapias breves como una opción terapéutica de bajo coste para responder a las exigencias de los sistemas públicos de salud acerca del uso de terapias psicológicas de corta duración que generen resultados favorables en la práctica clínica.
La regulación emocional en el ámbito de la atención primaria.
Authors: Aonso Diego Gema , Baquero Tomás Marina , Santolaya Prego de Oliver Jesús Alberto , Limonero Joaquín T. , Muñoz Roger
Published: March 2021

Las emociones tienen un papel importante en los procesos adaptativos y desadaptativos, ya que las personas influyen en las emociones que tienen y en cómo las expresan y experimentan, por lo que los trastornos emocionales se relacionan con una regulación emocional disfuncional. Estos trastornos presentan una alta prevalencia entre la población general, y más en concreto en las consultas de atención primaria. Los más prevalentes son la depresión, la ansiedad y las somatizaciones, es decir, aquellos que están relacionados con procesos emocionales. En esta línea, los déficits en regulación emocional parecen ser relevantes para el desarrollo, mantenimiento y tratamiento de distintas formas de psicopatología. No obstante, según la literatura existe poca investigación acerca de la evidencia de los programas de regulación emocionales en el ámbito de atención primaria. Debido a las condiciones en atención primaria y a la prevalencia de los trastornos emocionales, aportar terapias psicológicas que se centre en procesos emocionales y de regulación emocional podría mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Finalmente, se discute un modelo de atención primaria donde se fomente su coordinación con otros contextos (servicios sociales, educativos, etc) dentro del ámbito de atención comunitaria.
Depresión, discapacidad y sus costes. Propuestas de mejora de asistencia en Atención Primaria
Authors: Santolaya Prego de Oliver Jesús Alberto , Modrego María , Aonso Gema , Medrano Leonardo Adrían , Muñoz Roger
Published: March 2021

Los trastornos emocionales y en especial, la depresión, son los trastornos más prevalentes tanto a nivel global como en España. Estos trastornos ocasionan grandes costes a nivel personal como social, generando una elevada discapacidad y dependencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar el estado de la cuestión en cuanto al impacto de la depresión a nivel económico, así como de otros trastornos mentales comunes. Se esclarecerá la situación actual de los costes asociados a los trastornos del cerebro (trastornos neurológicos y trastornos mentales), específicamente los asociados a los trastornos emocionales del rango de la depresión, ansiedad y las somatizaciones. Además, se relacionarán con algunos factores que podrían estar condicionando la asistencia recibida en el sistema de salud español, describiendo algunas posibles deficiencias que de ser corregidas mejorarían la atención de los pacientes que presentan alguno de estos trastornos mentales comunes, mejorando así la gestión de los recursos disponibles con lo que repercutiría en un decremento de los costes asociados.
Intervención en trastorno por consumo de cannabis sintético: un estudio de caso.
Authors: Baquero Escribano Abel , Robledillo Martín Juan , Vilimelis Cabedo Isabel , Sanlucas Pérez José Miguel , Monfort Montoliu Miguel , Dalae Mihaela Gabriela
Published: March 2021

Introducción: El consumo de cannabis sintético es una creciente realidad dentro de la atención a los trastornos por consumo de nuevas sustancias psicoactivas. Los efectos, tratamientos y posibles consecuencias del uso de esta sustancia son objeto de estudio.

Presentación de caso: Comentamos el caso clínico e intervención de varón diagnosticado con trastorno por consumo de cannabis sintético en el contexto de un tratamiento residencial. Con la intervención diseñada el paciente mantiene la abstinencia y una incipiente funcionalidad autónoma.

Conclusiones: La intervención en pacientes consumidores de cannabis sintético es un contexto terapéutico en el que se está comenzando a investigar, siendo necesario diseñar nuevas propuestas de atención, detectando los efectos y farmacodinámica de la sustancia.
Activación conductual para el abandono del tabaco en una persona con depresión: un estudio de caso
Authors: Martínez Vispo Carmela , López Durán Ana , Becoña Elisardo
Published: March 2021

Fumar es uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes para la calidad de vida, así como para la salud física y psicológica de las personas. La evidencia de la que disponemos muestra que el consumo de tabaco está estrechamente relacionado con la depresión. En el presente artículo presentamos la evaluación e intervención psicológica para dejar de fumar de una mujer de 49 años de edad con depresión y con un consumo diario de 15 cigarrillos. Se aplicó una intervención psicológica de tipo cognitivo-conductual para dejar de fumar con componentes de activación conductual para el manejo del estado de ánimo. Dicha intervención se llevó a cabo en ocho sesiones individuales. Tras la intervención, la persona dejó de fumar y se mantuvo abstinente en los seguimientos realizados a lo largo del año siguiente, mostrando también una notable mejora en la sintomatología depresiva tanto a corto como a largo plazo. A modo de conclusión, este tipo de intervención psicológica podría considerarse una opción adecuada para dejar de fumar y para el manejo del estado de ánimo, logrando una mejora en el bienestar y salud de las personas.
Perfiles de menores policonsumidores de drogas y su relación con la conducta antisocial: orientaciones para la prevención
Authors: Villanueva Blasco Víctor José , Eslava Pérez Dalila , Vázquez Martínez Andrea , González Amado Bárbara
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue elaborar un perfil de los adolescentes policonsumidores, clasificándolos de acuerdo a la edad de inicio y a sus patrones de consumo de alcohol, tabaco, cannabis y la prevalencia de borracheras. Asimismo, se estudió si la variable conducta problema diferencia entre los conglomerados resultantes. La muestra consistió en 284 alumnos y alumnas entre 14 y 17 años de los cuales el 18,3% referían ser policonsumidores. Se administraron la Escala de edad de inicio al uso de drogas, el Cuestionario de frecuencia de uso de drogas y la Escala de comportamiento problemático. Los resultados del análisis clúster con la muestra de policonsumidores, arrojaron una solución de tres conglomerados. Concretamente, el clúster de menores policonsumidores de riesgo está compuesto por los sujetos que inician el consumo a edades más tempranas y que presentan una mayor frecuencia del mismo, siendo además el grupo que se relaciona con una mayor frecuencia de emisión de conductas antisociales. Se destaca la importancia de una actuación por parte de los poderes públicos para asegurar el cumplimiento de la legislación, así como para el fomento de programas preventivos escolares y familiares de tipo selectivo basados en evidencia científica.
Creencias respecto al ejercicio físico y cambios psicológicos tras sufrir un Síndrome Coronario Agudo
Authors: León Zarceño Eva , Boix Vilella Salvador , Arrarte Esteban Vicente , Serrano Rosa Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2021

Actualmente, siguen existiendo algunos interrogantes acerca del estado psicológico de las personas que han sufrido un Síndrome Coronario Agudo (SCA). El presente trabajo tiene un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, a partir de un estudio piloto compuesto por hombres y mujeres, evaluar los cambios en las creencias respecto a la utilidad del ejercicio como herramienta de salud psicológica y física. En segundo lugar, a partir de un segundo estudio formado por mujeres, comparar los cambios en variables psicológicas y su ajuste a la enfermedad así como observar diferencias, tras su paso por un programa de rehabilitación cardiaca que incluye ejercicio físico. Se evaluaron 37 pacientes de ambos sexos en el estudio 1 (m = 59.38 años de edad (dt =9.80)) y 28 mujeres en el estudio 2 (m = 62.68 años de edad (dt = 10.6)) que presentaron un SCA y a las que se les había realizado un cateterismo diagnóstico con intención terapéutica dentro de los 3 primeros días. Los resultados del estudio piloto indican un cambio en las creencias respecto al ejercicio tras su paso por el programa. Además, el estudio 2, señala que a los 3 meses se muestran cambios intrasujetos en expresión de ira, ajuste a la enfermedad, cuidado de la salud, ámbito profesional, distrés y salud mental. Los resultados obtenidos en las mujeres se consideran relevantes ya que es escasa la literatura existente sobre el papel que juegan estas variables psicológicas tanto en el momento inmediatamente posterior al evento como en la evolución del SCA.
Perception of masculinity in rural family structure
Authors: Özpulat Funda
Published: March 2021

Research Problem/aim: The objective of this study is to determine the perception of masculinity in rural family structure
Methods: This research is a descriptive and analytical study. The universe of the research, which was conducted between the dates of 14.11.2016 - 31.05.2017, is the people of Akşehir district of Konya Province. Individuals aged 18 and over (n=500), who participated voluntarily, were included in the research, particular attention was paid to acquire the written and verbal consents of the participants prior to the application.
Findings: Participants are between the ages of 18 to 65 and the median age is 27.57±10.22. Almost all of the women, at 92.9%, disagree with the "the man should decide how to use the household income" statement, while 38,7% of men support this statement, it can be seen that the provided responses change according to genders (p=.000). Both genders accept the "the man is the head of the household" statement, while 39.5% of women agree with this statement, at high rates, at 74.9%, men support this statement. While both genders think it is the man's duty to provide for the family, the support rate for this statement among male participants is significantly higher, at 71.2%, and statistical differences can be detected (p=.000). While the "male politicians are more successful" statement is accepted at higher rates, at 49.7%, among male participants, statistically, there are huge differences between genders (p=.000).
Conclusions: According to the research conducted, it is seen that traditional understanding weighs heavily, and the roles attributed to men and the perception of masculinity draw more attention. The fact that the research was conducted in a rural society where traditional understanding was dominant, substantially affected the results. The perspective of rural societies needs to change. Raising and increasing awareness on topics, such as gender roles, gender perception, and human rights with the health education method will be effective in changing the perceptions of men and women about one another.
Differences of Ampicillin and Cefazolin Effects in Reducing hs-CRP Level in Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Bukhoeri Ahmad , Hidayat Syarief Thaufik , Ambari Ediwibowo , Dewantiningrum Julian , Wiyati Putri Sekar , Pramono Besari Adi
Published: March 2021

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a rupture of amniotic sac before delivery. PROM is associated with an increased incidence of preterm labor and infection. The use of prophylactic antibiotic may reduce the risks of infection. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is an acute-phase reactant protein that is associated with PROM. How much effect of prophylactic antibiotic to hs-CRP level remains unclear.Objective: To compare the reduction in hs-CRP levels in premature rupture of membranes before and after given ampicillin or cefazolin.Methods: The design of this study was true experimental design (pre and post-test) conducted at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center Semarang and Kartini General Hospital Jepara from September 2019 to January 2020. Study samples are pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes that came to the Emergency Department and Maternity Ward Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Medical Center Semarang and Kartini General Hospital Jepara. Samples were divided into two groups, a group treated with ampicillin and the other with cefazolin therapy. All samples were subjected to a hs-CRP examination. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon.Results: There are no significant differences in the age variable (28.8 ± 6.54 vs 29.1 ± 5.93), gestational age (36.3 ± 2.55 vs 36.3 ± 2.90), and parity (2,2 ± 0.99 vs 2.47 ± 1.19) in the ampicillin and cefazolin groups (p> 0.05). In this study, 37.1% patients have a history of PROM while 62.9%. had no history of PROM. Reduction in hs-CRP levels after administration of ampicillin and cefazolin was significant (4.4 ± 2.65 mg/L vs 6.3 ± 4.43 mg/L, respectively, p = 0.03). The difference in the decrease in hs-CRP levels before and after given ampicillin and cefazolin was significant (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: There is a decrease in hs-CRP levels after the administration of ampicillin or cefazolin in PROM, whereas cefazolin induced higher reduction in hs-CRP levels. Ampicillin can still be used as a first-line prophylactic antibiotic in primary healthcare facilities.
Design and Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Temperature Flat Plate Solar Collector
Authors: Zwalnan Selfa Johnson , Duvuna Gideon Ayuba , Abakr Yousif Abdalla , Banda Tiyamike
Published: March 2021

The standard flat-plate solar collector utilises a single copper tube to remove the absorber plate’s heat. This type of collector’s primary purpose is to provide hot water for a single application. Hot water can be required for different applications at different temperatures. Besides, using the standard collector’s configuration may increase thermal demand and increase the collector’s size. Therefore, this study proposes a novel solar water heating configuration that uses three in-line fluid passages. The goal is to design a single collector that provides hot water for various uses: Sterilisation, washing, and postnatal care. Thus, the proposed system was modelled, and a numerical simulation conducted. This analysis compares the proposed system’s output and the standard collector’s output. The results showed that the thermal load demand was reduced by 27% when the hot water demand for these services was generated using three separate tanks. The serpentine collector’s efficiency with three fluid passages is increased by 20% compared to the traditional serpentine collector. The thermal energy delivered to meet load was 30% higher than that of the traditional serpentine system. The experimental and simulated system performance is in near agreement with an average percentage error Cv(RMSE) of 8.75% and confidence level NSE of about 87%. Since the proposed serpentine collector has a higher overall thermal production, it is recommended for use with hot water, which has to be heated to different temperatures.
Bioethanol Production from Cassava Peel Treated with Sulfonated Carbon Catalyzed Hydrolysis
Authors: Mardina Primata , Irawan Chairul , Putra Meilana Dharma , Priscilla Sylvera Bella , Misnawati Misnawati , Nata Iryanti Fatyasari
Published: March 2021

A large amount of Cassava peel as biomass waste is generated by agricultural activities, and it led to a new pursuit to exploit the utilization of biomass waste. This research aimed to study the potential of Cassava peel as raw material for bioethanol production. This study was performed in 2 main processes, acid hydrolysis, and fermentation. The experiment was initiated by conducting acid hydrolysis (100°C and 60 min) on Cassava peel’s starch using sulfonated carbon catalyst palm oil empty fruit bunch (5%-w/v) to produce 13.53 g/L glucose. The glucose contained hydrolysates then continued to ferment at 30°C. The effect of fermentation time (h), pH, and shaking rate (rpm) of cassava peel’s starch fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed. The best result was found at pH 4.5 and 50 rpm for a 24 h reaction with 3.75 g/L of bioethanol concentration. This study revealed that Cassava peel is a promising feedstock for biofuel production.
Isolation of a High Antioxidant Non-Toxic Polar Fraction from Garcinia mangostana Fruit Pericarp by Reverse Phase Column Chromatography
Authors: Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih , Miranti Miranti , Teruna Hilwan Yuda , Nugroho Titania Tjandrawati
Published: March 2021

The crude polar extract of mangosteen fruit pericarp not only has a moderate antioxidant activity of (55±4 μg/mL) but also has high cytotoxicity (16±0.5 μg/mL). The high cytotoxicity presumably is caused by the presence of complex cytotoxic compounds from the mangosteen pericarp. To obtain a non-toxic extract preparation with high antioxidant activity, polar crude 50% ethanol extracts of mangosteen pericarp were partially purified using reverse-phase column chromatography with Silica C18 as the stationary phase and acetonitrile-water gradient elution. Six of the ten fractions collected had high antioxidant activities, with IC50 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging antioxidant levels <50 μg/mL. Three fractions (fractions 3, 5, and 7) with the highest antioxidant activities of (16.4 ± 0.6 µg/mL), (17.8 ± 2 µg/mL) and (17.4 ± 1.8 µg/mL) respectively, were chosen for further cytotoxicity, phenolic content and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The cytotoxic tests were conducted with the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. Fraction 3 had low cytotoxicity (LC50 485 ± 96 µg/mL) and fraction 5 was non-toxic (LC50 ≥ 1000 µg/mL), while fraction 7 still had high cytotoxicity (LC50 2.8 ± 0.8 µg/mL). The chromatogram profiles of HPLC showed that fractions 3 and 5 contained more polar compounds than the compounds present in fraction 7. It can be concluded that the reverse phase method succeeded in the isolation of a non-toxic polar fraction, that is, fraction 5, with a significantly higher (p<0.05) antioxidant activity than in the original crude polar extracts. This fraction had a high total phenolic content of 43.3 ± 0.3 g GAE per 100 g extract.
KClist++
Authors: Sun Bintao , Danisch Maximilien , Chan T-H. Hubert , Sozio Mauro
Published: March 2021

The problem of finding densest subgraphs has received increasing attention in recent years finding applications in biology, finance, as well as social network analysis. The
k
-clique densest subgraph problem is a generalization of the densest subgraph problem, where the objective is to find a subgraph maximizing the ratio between the number of
k
-cliques in the subgraph and its number of nodes. It includes as a special case the problem of finding subgraphs with largest average number of triangles (
k
= 3), which plays an important role in social network analysis. Moreover, algorithms that deal with larger values of
k
can effectively find quasi-cliques. The densest subgraph problem can be solved in polynomial time with algorithms based on maximum flow, linear programming or a recent approach based on convex optimization. In particular, the latter approach can scale to graphs containing tens of billions of edges. While finding a densest subgraph in large graphs is no longer a bottleneck, the
k
-clique densest subgraph remains challenging even when
k
= 3. Our work aims at developing near-optimal and exact algorithms for the
k
-clique densest subgraph problem on large real-world graphs. We give a surprisingly simple procedure that can be employed to find the maximal
k
-clique densest subgraph in large-real world graphs. By leveraging appealing properties of existing results, we combine it with a recent approach for listing all
k
-cliques in a graph and a sampling scheme, obtaining the state-of-the-art approaches for the aforementioned problem. Our theoretical results are complemented with an extensive experimental evaluation showing the effectiveness of our approach in large real-world graphs.
Studies of Chinese Cinema in Japan
Authors: Nakajima Seio
Published: March 2021

Japanese interests in Chinese cinema go as far back as to the 1910s, when film magazines reported on the situation of Chinese cinema. Discussions of Chinese cinema began to flourish in the 1920s, when intellectuals wrote travelogue essays on Chinese cinema, particularly on Shanghai cinema. In the mid-1930s, more serious analytical discourses were presented by a number of influential contemporary intellectuals, and that trend continued until the end of WWII. Post-War confusion in Japan, as well as political turmoil in China, dampened academic interests of Japanese scholars on Chinese cinema somewhat, but since the re-discovery of Chinese cinema in the early 1980s with the emergence of the Fifth Generation, academic discussions on Chinese cinema resumed and flourished in the 1980s and the 1990s. In the past decade or so, interesting new trends in studies of Chinese cinema in Japan are emerging that include more transnational and comparative approaches, focusing not only on film text but the context of production, distribution, and exhibition. Moreover, scholars from outside of the disciplines of literature and film studies—such as cultural studies, history, and sociology—have begun to contribute to rigorous discussions of Chinese cinema in Japan.
Abnormal vascular physiology in the lower extremities as a risk factor for ischemic stroke and mortality
Authors: Bhatt Shubhang K. , Tseng Andrew S. , Firth Christine , Girardo Marlene , Sykora Daniel , Abdelmalek Mina , Fortuin F. David , Wennberg Paul , Liedl David , Shamoun Fadi E.
Published: March 2021

Context

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is highly prevalent in the general population, affecting up to 25% of patients 55 years of age or older. There is a known association with acute ischemic stroke, but limited large cohort studies exist pertaining to the relationship between PAD severity and incident ischemic stroke.

Objectives

To evaluate the risk of incident ischemic stroke and mortality along the spectrum of low and elevated ankle brachial index (ABI) measurement.

Methods

We performed a retrospective extraction of ABI data of all adult patients who underwent lower extremity physiology study for any indication from January 1, 1996 to June 30, 2018 in the Mayo Clinic health system. PAD was categorized into severe, moderate, mild, and borderline based on ABI measurements and poorly compressible arteries (PCA). These were compared with normal ABI measurements. Associations of PAD/PCA with new ischemic stroke events and all cause mortality were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using multivariable Cox proportional regression with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

A total of 39,834 unique patients were included with a median follow up duration of 4.59 years. All abnormal ABI groups, except borderline PAD, were associated with increased risk of incident ischemic stroke after multivariate regression compared to normal ABI. A severity-dependent association was observed between PAD and ischemic stroke with moderate (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.10–1.35]) and severe (HR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.02–1.40]) categories conferring similar risk in comparison to normal ABI. Patients with PCA carried the greatest ischemic stroke risk (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.15–1.46]). Similarly, abnormal ABI groups were associated with a significant risk for all cause mortality in a severity-dependent manner, with severe PAD conferring the greatest risk (HR, 3.07 [95% CI, 2.88–3.27]).

Conclusions

This study adds to the growing body of evidence that both PAD and PCA are independent risk factors for incident ischemic stroke and all cause mortality. The association of PAD severity and PCA with risk of ischemic stroke may help clinicians with risk stratification and determining treatment intensity.
The Teleological Argument in Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals
Authors: Kerimov Khafiz
Published: March 2021

The first section of Kant’s Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals contains a teleological argument, the aim of which is to show that the natural purpose of human reason lies not in securing happiness but in morality. While the teleological argument is widely considered to be digressive and unconvincing in the secondary literature, in this article I attempt to show that the argument is neither digressive nor unconvincing. I argue that it fulfills an important synthetic task in the Groundwork (even if in a preliminary manner), that it is consistent with Kant’s views on natural teleology at the time, and that the criticism of happiness contained therein is as convincing as Kant’s criticism of happiness in the rest of the treatise.
Decreased chromobox homologue 7 expression is associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and poor prognosis in cervical cancer
Authors: Tian Ping , Zhang Chen , Ma Cailing , Ding Lu , Tao Ning , Ning Li , Wang Yan , Yong Xianting , Yan Qi , Lin Xin , Wang Jing , Li Rong
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the chromobox homologue 7 (CBX7) expression with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in cervical cancer (CC), as well as with the disease prognosis. CBX7, E-cadherin (E-cad), and vimentin (VIM) expression levels were detected with immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of CBX7, E-cad, and VIM expression and conventional clinicopathological characteristics of CC were evaluated. The positive expression rates of CBX7 and E-cad in the CC tissues were lower than the adjacent non-tumorous cervical tissues. Moreover, the VIM expression level was higher. The CBX7 expression was positively correlated with the E-cad expression, whereas was negatively correlated with the VIM expression. Furthermore, CBX7 was associated with the disease clinical staging, histological differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. Patients with negative CBX7 expression showed decreased overall survival rates compared with those with low or high CBX7 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the decreased CBX7 expression was an independent predictor for the poor prognosis of CC. In conclusion, the absence of CBX7 is associated with the histologic differentiation, lymphatic metastasis, vascular invasion, and poor prognosis of CC. CBX7 may be an independent prognostic factor for the prognosis of CC patients.
Crystal structure of bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,3-(2-methyl-imidazol)}di-chloridomercury(II), [Hg(C11H11N5)2Cl2], C22H22N10Cl2Hg
Authors: Yang Hai-Yan , Zhao Yao-Min , Li Hui , Wang Hong-Fang , Li Ying-Hua , He Fang
Published: March 2021

C22H22N10Cl2Hg, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P‾{1}$

(no. 2), a = 8.2034(4) Å, b = 12.7859(7) Å, c = 13.5026(7) Å, α = 66.069(5)°, β = 79.964(4)°, γ = 84.465(4)°, V = 1274.18(12) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0372, ωR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0670, T = 291.15 K.
The semantics of the two causative suffixes -Ci and -Cii in Andong dialect
Authors: Takayoshi ITO
Published: March 2021

Most Korean dialects have only one set of suffixes, -i, -hi, -li, -ki, as causative suffixes where the main vowel is i. On the other hand, Andong dialects of Korean have two sets of causative suffixes; while one set (-Ci) consists of -ˈi, -ˈhi, -ˈli, -ˈki, etc., the other set (-Cii) contains -íi, -híi, -líi, -kíi, etc. This article proposes that the choice between -Ci and -Cii in Andong dialect depends on the degree of causer’s agentivity. -Ci indicates causation characterized by the full agentivity of the causer. On the other hand, -Cii indicates that the degree of causer’s agentivity is relatively low.
Relationship between the target word form and children’s productions: place of articulation in Consonant-Vowel-Consonant (C1VC2) words in American English
Authors: Aoyama Katsura , Davis Barbara L.
Published: March 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate relationships between characteristics of children’s target words and their actual productions during the single-word period in American English. Word productions in spontaneous and functional speech from 18 children acquiring American English were analyzed. Consonant sequences in 3,328 consonant-vowel-consonant (C1VC2) target words were analyzed in terms of global place of articulation (labials, coronals, and dorsals). Children’s actual productions of place sequences were compared between target words containing repeated place sequences (e.g.,mom, map, dad, not) and target words containing variegated place sequences (e.g.,mat, dog, cat, nap). Overall, when the target word contained two consonants at the same global place of articulation (e.g., labial-labial,map; coronal-coronal,not), approximately 50% of children’s actual productions matched consonant place characteristics. Conversely, when the target word consisted of variegated place sequences (e.g.,mat, dog, cat, nap), only about 20% of the productions matched the target consonant sequences. These results suggest that children’s actual productions are influenced by their own production abilities as well as by the phonetic forms of target words.
The Valediction of Moses: New Evidence on the Shapira Deuteronomy Fragments
Authors: Dershowitz Idan
Published: March 2021

Wilhelm Moses Shapira’s infamous Deuteronomy fragments have long been deemed forgeries, with Shapira himself serving as the obvious suspect. I provide new evidence that Shapira did not forge the fragments and was himself convinced of their authenticity. Indeed, the evidence for forgery is illusory. In a companion monograph, I show that the Shapira fragments are not only authentic ancient artifacts but are unprecedented in their significance: They preserve a pre-canonical antecedent of the Book of Deuteronomy.
The Accessory Helix of Complexin Stabilizes a Partially Unzippered State of the SNARE Complex and Mediates the Complexin Clamping FunctionIn Vivo
Authors: Brady Joshua , Vasin Alexander , Bykhovskaia Maria
Published: March 2021

Spontaneous synaptic transmission is regulated by the protein complexin (Cpx). Cpx binds the SNARE complex, a coil-coiled four-helical bundle that mediates the attachment of a synaptic vesicle (SV) to the presynaptic membrane (PM). Cpx is thought to clamp spontaneous fusion events by stabilizing a partially unraveled state of the SNARE bundle; however, the molecular detail of this mechanism is still debated. We combined electrophysiology, molecular modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis inDrosophilato develop and validate the atomic model of the Cpx-mediated clamped state of the SNARE complex. We took advantage of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) B and G, which cleave the SNARE protein synaptobrevin (Syb) at different sites. Monitoring synaptic depression on BoNT loading revealed that the clamped state of the SNARE complex has two or three unraveled helical turns of Syb. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the Cpx clamping function is predominantly maintained by its accessory helix (AH), while molecular modeling suggested that the Cpx AH interacts with the unraveled C terminus of Syb and the SV lipid bilayer. The developed molecular model was employed to design new Cpx poor-clamp and super-clamp mutations and to tested the predictionsin silicoemploying molecular dynamics simulations. Subsequently, we generatedDrosophilalines harboring these mutations and confirmed the poor-clamp and super-clamp phenotypesin vivo.Altogether, these results validate the atomic model of the Cpx-mediated fusion clamp, wherein the Cpx AH inserts between the SNARE bundle and the SV lipid bilayer, simultaneously binding the unraveled C terminus of Syb and preventing full SNARE assembly.
Jack Weinstein
Authors: Roth Jessica A.
Published: March 2021

This essay, for a symposium issue of the Federal Sentencing Reporter dedicated to the impact of Judge Jack Weinstein on the occasion of his retirement from the federal bench, highlights how Judge Weinstein has re-imagined the role of the district court judge. Through his judicial opinions, extrajudicial writings and speeches, and his innovative use of the court’s supervisory authority, Judge Weinstein has challenged, and in some cases altered, the status quo in the realm of criminal sentencing. In doing so, he has established a forceful example of how district court judges can use their position to advocate for and effect reform more broadly in the system they are called upon to administer – an example that some other judges already have embraced. In his scholarship, Judge Weinstein also has turned his critical lens inward and examined whether this work is consistent with the judicial role. He concludes that it is, but offers valuable guidance for other judges considering following in his footsteps for how to do so in a way that minimizes concerns about partiality. In the end, Judge Weinstein concludes that such work is not only permissible but required when judges perceive injustice. Few will be as creative, prolific, or persuasive as Judge Weinstein has been. But he leaves behind a fully articulated vision of an active district court judge and invites other judges to consider the kind of judge they want to be given the limits and possibilities that accompany their position.
Stolen Youth
Authors: Gale Emily Margot
Published: March 2021

In 1847 Atwill of New York published “The Lament of the Blind Orphan Girl.” Composed by William Bradbury, the song is written for voice and piano in a lilting 3/8 meter. Mary, the song’s protagonist, sings of “the silvery moon” and “bright chain of stars” over diatonic harmonies. A dramatic shift to the minor mode supports the climax: “Oh, when shall I see them? I’m blind, oh, I’m blind.” Mary explains that she and her brother have also lost their parents. On the sheet music cover a wreath of flowers encircles an image of a young white woman kneeling beneath a tree, alone at a grave. The title page notes: “As sung with distinguished applause by Abby Hutchinson.”

Orphan songs pervade nineteenth-century pop repertory. Scholars have analyzed Latvian, Hmong, Danish, and German orphan songs, but US orphan songs have generated little more than passing references. Other examples include: “The Orphan Nosegay Girl” with words by Mrs. Susanna Rowson from 1805; “The Colored Orphan Boy,” composed by C. D. Abbott and sung by S. C. Campbell of the Campbell Minstrels from 1852; and “The Orphan Ballad Singers Ballad” by Henry Russell from 1866. Orphans were not just a topic; in the latter half of the nineteenth century, actual parentless youth featured in bands such as the Hebrew Orphan Asylum Band of New York City.

This paper connects the stolen childhoods in orphan songs to those of enslaved youth. If free children were aware of slavery and the movement to abolish it as historian Wilma King has shown, what did it mean for Abby Hutchinson, who started performing abolitionist songs with her brothers at age twelve, to sing as the sentimental stock character of the orphan? Songs like the one above may have been a way that young abolitionists empathized with enslaved youths robbed of their youths.
PATRÓNS DE DESPOBOAMENTO DO RURAL GALEGO: UNHA ANÁLISE POR COMARCAS
Authors: MARTÍNEZ XOSÉ , PEÓN DAVID
Published: March 2021

Levamos a cabo unha análise estatística para contrastar e cuantificar algunhas das observacións clásicas na problemática demográfica de Galicia e a súa polaridade rural – urbana. Primeiro, íllase o efecto arrastre demográfico para identificar distintos patróns de despoboamento a nivel comarcal ao longo das últimas dúas décadas descontado o efecto migratorio histórico. Esta análise mostraría unha visión alternativa do proceso de despoboamento, caracterizada pola conformación dun anel central de dinámica demográfica positiva a partir das cidades galegas de interior. Segundo, profúndase na análise estatística da polaridade rural – urbana cunha medición do papel xogado por diversos parámetros de vertebración xeográfica da poboación galega. A este efecto, resultan determinantes a poboación da cabeceira de comarca –cunha perda de poboación do -0,83% anual nas comarcas con cabeceira inferior a 5.000 habitantes- e a distancia por estrada á máis próxima das sete cidades galegas –cun -0,27% adicional. Terceiro, descontado o efecto arrastre da emigración pasada e vertebración xeográfica do territorio, explícase a evolución das distintas comarcas en función da distribución sectorial do PIB, ao efecto de identificar os sectores económicos que máis axudaron no pasado recente a conter o devalo demográfico das comarcas rurais.
TAXAS DE NATALIDADE E MORTALDADE, DIVISIÓN DO TRABALLO E DISTRIBUCIÓN DO TEMPO POR XÉNERO NO MODELO DE CRECEMENTO DE SOLOW
Authors: ZHANG Wei-Bin
Published: March 2021

O obxectivo deste traballo é o de incorporar o modelo de crecemento endóxeno da poboación no modelo de crecemento dun sector de Solow. O estudo propón unha interdependencia dinámica entre a taxa de natalidade, a taxa de mortaldade, a poboación, a acumulación da riqueza, e a distribución do tempo entre traballo, lecer e coidado dos fillos. O aspecto da produción e acumulación de riqueza constrúese co modelo de crecemento de Solow. Baseamos o noso modelo de dinámica poboacional no modelo poboacional de Haavelmo e o modelo de elección de fecundidade de Barro-Becker. Resumimos estas forzas dinámicas nun marco compacto, mediante a función de utilidade proposta por Zhang. O modelo describe unha interdependencia dinámica entre cambios da poboación, acumulación de riqueza, división de traballo e a distribución do tempo por xénero entre o traballo, o lecer e o coidado dos fillos. Simulamos o modelo para probar a existencia de puntos de equilibrio e movemento do sistema dinámico. Tamén examinamos os efectos dos cambios nos efectos de cambio na tendencia a ter descendencia, a tendencia ao aforro, a tendencia das mulleres a perseguir actividades de lecer, o capital humano das mulleres e a implicación emocional dos homes no coidado dos fillos.
Uniciencia journal adopts the continuous publication model
Authors: Morales-López Yuri
Published: March 2021

In 2018, the journal Uniciencia began an evaluation process on the number of papers received and evaluated, and the evaluation and editorial stages, with a view to assessing its periodicity in the light of current international requirements. Technical and administrative consultations were carried out with different instances such as the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, the Vice-Rectory of Research, the Publications Department of the Universidad Nacional (UNA) in Costa Rica, the journal management consultancy of the UNA and other universities, as well as national and international accrediting agencies (Latindex, Redalyc, Scielo and Scopus Elsevier), among others.

It is with great pleasure and pride that, as a result of this evaluation and the suggestions of the entities involved, on 27 November 2020 the Editorial Committee of the journal Uniciencia unanimously agreed to change the periodicity from biannual to a continuous publication model, starting with the publications of 2022. Thus, during 2021, a transition process will be carried out in which the current periodicity will be maintained.

Adopting this model in a formal way is innovative and is a huge step and challenge for this publication. It is worth noting that the main objective is to manage a journal with greater impact and greater dissemination at national and international level, and whose purpose is to provide the most benefit to our readers, authors and, in general, to our society.
Ancora sulla paratassi dello scritto letterario
Authors: Cresti Emanuela
Published: March 2021

The paper presents a corpus-based research (GRITTEXT) on modern Italian literary texts. According to a writer-oriented framework, it is aimed to analyse the writer's thought movements while he is composing instead of considering the communicative effects of the text on the reader. The period is the linguistic unit of reference chosen for analysis and is identified by strong punctuation marks (dot, question mark, exclamation point, sequence of dots). It is not necessarily composed by a sentence, since it can correspond to a set of clauses and any kind of phrases. The research made emerge the pervasiveness of parataxis in literary texts. Two or more independent syntactic constituents can be connected within a period only through weak punctuation marks (comma, semicolon, colon). Each constituent corresponds to a semantic scene characterized by an autonomous point of view depending on the protagonist, the narrator or the same writer. The paratactic period is a style device to express within a same representation the narrative joints arising to the writer in the course of writing but above all the different perspectives of each scene that are also temporally ordered. The paratactic period corresponds to a unitary multi-focus, multi-modal, multi time representation whose truth value cannot be verified unlike a proposition
SOME CHANGES IN THE PSYCHOMOTORISM OF STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS IN MOTOR ACTIVITY
Authors: Kasabova Larisa
Published: March 2021

Hypodynamia and hypokinesia are the main cause of decreased motor activity among students, resulting in lower vital parameters, deterioration in health and lowering the learning abilities. The quality of the physical education process in the higher school levels depends to a large extent on the psychological processes of the trainees. In the study we aim to identify some features of psycho-motor characteristics and to compare the level of learning of the total study material in students with different levels of motor activity. The following methods that were used: analysis of literary sources, sports-pedagogical experiment, sports-pedagogical testing, and mathematical-statistical analysis. Sixty (60) UNWE students were divided into two groups. The first one includes those who regularly participate in sport classes and the second one is formed by students not regularly attending those activities. The results of the study show that regular sports activities have a positive impact on the concentration of thought processes. Improvements in the psycho-motor of motor activity in students, lead to an increase in their activity during the educational and work process. We encourage students to attend regular physical education classes and practice sports in their spare time.