bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of Shakedown Boundaries of Thin-Walled 90-Deg Scheduled Pipe Bends Determined Via Large and Small Displacement Finite Element Models
Authors: Abdalla Hany Fayek
Published: October 2021

The present research investigates the effect of employing large displacement in finite element modeling on the generated shakedown (SD) boundaries of thin-walled 90-deg scheduled pipe bends. A recently developed methodology termed: shakedown limit—plastic work dissipation (SDLimit−PWD) method generates the SD boundaries via employing the large displacement in the finite element (FE) simulations. Additionally, a well-established direct noncyclic technique termed: shakedown direct noncyclic technique (SD_DNT) generates the SD boundaries via employing the small displacement formulation in the FE simulations. Comparing the SD boundaries generated via both methods illustrated a marked increase in the generated SD domains due to employing large displacement.
Temporal fine structure influences voicing confusions for consonant identification in multi-talker babble
Authors: Viswanathan Vibha , Shinn-Cunningham Barbara G. , Heinz Michael G.
Published: October 2021

To understand the mechanisms of speech perception in everyday listening environments, it is important to elucidate the relative contributions of different acoustic cues in transmitting phonetic content. Previous studies suggest that the envelope of speech in different frequency bands conveys most speech content, while the temporal fine structure (TFS) can aid in segregating target speech from background noise. However, the role of TFS in conveying phonetic content beyond what envelopes convey for intact speech in complex acoustic scenes is poorly understood. The present study addressed this question using online psychophysical experiments to measure the identification of consonants in multi-talker babble for intelligibility-matched intact and 64-channel envelope-vocoded stimuli. Consonant confusion patterns revealed that listeners had a greater tendency in the vocoded (versus intact) condition to be biased toward reporting that they heard an unvoiced consonant, despite envelope and place cues being largely preserved. This result was replicated when babble instances were varied across independent experiments, suggesting that TFS conveys voicing information beyond what is conveyed by envelopes for intact speech in babble. Given that multi-talker babble is a masker that is ubiquitous in everyday environments, this finding has implications for the design of assistive listening devices such as cochlear implants.
Differences in Body Appreciation and Functionality Appreciation Outside of and Directly Following Sport Among Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: Soulliard Zachary A. , Fitterman-Harris Hannah F. , Perry Joanne E. , Poe Lindsey M. , Ross Michael J.
Published: October 2021

The present study examined differences in body appreciation and functionality appreciation between student-athletes and nonathletes. Additionally, the present study assessed differences in these constructs among female and male athletes outside of their sport and directly following participation in their sport. Seventy-five student-athletes and 211 nonathletes from a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university completed online measures, including the State-Based Body Appreciation Scale and Functionality Appreciation Scale. Student-athletes completed the same measures following a sport practice. Student-athletes reported higher levels of body appreciation and functionality appreciation compared to nonathletes. No differences in body appreciation were found among student-athletes outside of their sport compared to directly following participation in their sport; however, student-athletes reported higher levels of functionality appreciation after their sport practice. Implications for coaches and athletic staff are discussed, including placing a greater emphasis on body functionality rather than specific body ideals.
Researchers welcome Trump's pick to head science office
Authors:   Science News Staff
Published: October 2021

Kelvin Droegemeier is steeped in Washington science policy.
How islands shrink people
Authors: Gibbons Ann
Published: October 2021

Evolutionary dwarfing affected living people on the island of Flores, and may explain the stature of the extinct hobbit.
Modulation without surgical intervention
Authors: Grossman Nir
Published: October 2021

Noninvasive deep brain stimulation can be achieved via temporally interfering electric fields
Shouldering responsibility
Authors: Fleming Stephen M. , Bang Dan
Published: October 2021

Leaders do not shy away from responsibility when others' welfare is at stake
A Low-Producing Haplotype of Interleukin-6 Disrupting CTCF Binding Is Protective against Severe COVID-19
Authors: Chen Tao , Lin Yu-Xin , Zha Yan , Sun Ying , Tian Jinxiu , Yang Zhiying , Lin Shan-Wen , Yu Fuxun , Chen Zi-Sheng , Kuang Bo-Hua , Lei Jin-Ju , Nie Ying-jie , Xu Yonghao , Tian Dong-Bo , Li Ying-Zi , Yang Bin , Xu Qiang , Yang Li , Zhong Nanshan , Zheng Meizhen , Li Yimin , Zhao Jincun , Zhang Xiang-Yan , Feng Lin
Published: October 2021

Overproduction of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a hallmark of severe COVID-19 and is believed to play a critical role in exacerbating the excessive inflammatory response. Polymorphisms in
IL-6
account for the variability of IL-6 expression and disparities in infectious diseases, but its contribution to the clinical presentation of COVID-19 has not been reported.
Two-Component Nanoparticle Vaccine Displaying Glycosylated Spike S1 Domain Induces Neutralizing Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: van Oosten Linda , Altenburg Jort J. , Fougeroux Cyrielle , Geertsema Corinne , van den End Fred , Evers Wendy A. C. , Westphal Adrie H. , Lindhoud Simon , van den Berg Willy , Swarts Daan C. , Deurhof Laurens , Suhrbier Andreas , Le Thuy T. , Torres Morales Shessy , Myeni Sebenzile K. , Kikkert Marjolein , Sander Adam F. , de Jongh Willem Adriaan , Dagil Robert , Nielsen Morten A. , Salanti Ali , Søgaard Max , Keijzer Timo M. P. , Weijers Dolf , Eppink Michel H. M. , Wijffels René H. , van Oers Monique M. , Martens Dirk E. , Pijlman Gorben P.
Published: October 2021

Vaccines pave the way out of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We have developed a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system, a robust production platform known for its scalability, low cost, and safety. Baculoviruses were constructed encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins: full-length S, stabilized secreted S, or the S1 domain. This two-component nanoparticle vaccine can now be further developed to help alleviate the burden of COVID-19.
Evaluation framework to guide implementation of AI systems into healthcare settings
Authors: Reddy Sandeep , Rogers Wendy , Makinen Ville-Petteri , Coiera Enrico , Brown Pieta , Wenzel Markus , Weicken Eva , Ansari Saba , Mathur Piyush , Casey Aaron , Kelly Blair
Published: October 2021

Objectives

To date, many artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been developed in healthcare, but adoption has been limited. This may be due to inappropriate or incomplete evaluation and a lack of internationally recognised AI standards on evaluation. To have confidence in the generalisability of AI systems in healthcare and to enable their integration into workflows, there is a need for a practical yet comprehensive instrument to assess the translational aspects of the available AI systems. Currently available evaluation frameworks for AI in healthcare focus on the reporting and regulatory aspects but have little guidance regarding assessment of the translational aspects of the AI systems like the functional, utility and ethical components.

Methods

To address this gap and create a framework that assesses real-world systems, an international team has developed a translationally focused evaluation framework termed ‘Translational Evaluation of Healthcare AI (TEHAI)’. A critical review of literature assessed existing evaluation and reporting frameworks and gaps. Next, using health technology evaluation and translational principles, reporting components were identified for consideration. These were independently reviewed for consensus inclusion in a final framework by an international panel of eight expert.

Results

TEHAI includes three main components: capability, utility and adoption. The emphasis on translational and ethical features of the model development and deployment distinguishes TEHAI from other evaluation instruments. In specific, the evaluation components can be applied at any stage of the development and deployment of the AI system.

Discussion

One major limitation of existing reporting or evaluation frameworks is their narrow focus. TEHAI, because of its strong foundation in translation research models and an emphasis on safety, translational value and generalisability, not only has a theoretical basis but also practical application to assessing real-world systems.

Conclusion

The translational research theoretic approach used to develop TEHAI should see it having application not just for evaluation of clinical AI in research settings, but more broadly to guide evaluation of working clinical systems.
Solifenacin-induced acute psychosis: a case report
Authors: Kirsavoglu Betul , Odabasi Ozan , Avci Ibrahim Erkut
Published: October 2021

Solifenacin is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that has been used to treat overactive bladder since 2004. It has a great affinity for the detrusor M3 receptor, which must be stimulated for bladder muscle contraction, and demonstrates the most selective profile to the bladder of the muscarinic receptor subtypes. It is thought that urinary antimuscarinic agents, due to their passage to the central nervous system and lipophilic properties, may cause central nervous system symptoms in some rare cases. A case report of a 42-year-old male patient who had an acute psychotic attack as a result of solifenacin treatment for overactive bladder is presented in this article.
Hyaluronic acid injections for treatment of pediatric sickle cell avascular necrosis of the humeral head
Authors: Wong Jocelyn Ying-Ah , Le Sang , Lo Carl , Costandi Andrew , Chernishof Vasili , Kim Eugene
Published: October 2021

Background

Avascular necrosis (AVN) can impact up to 50% of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and can result in significant pain, decline in physical function and decreased quality of life. While hyaluronic acid (HA) has been used in the adult population for shoulder osteoarthritic pain, we present the first published pediatric case of HA injections in the glenohumeral joint, used to improve function and pain control.

Case presentation

The patient is a 12-year-old woman with SCD, who suffered from chronic pain due to AVN of the humeral and femoral head. Despite engaging in a multidisciplinary pain management plan, she continued to have severe decline in physical functioning and became a wheelchair user. As a result, she was scheduled for a right total hip arthroplasty, which necessitated aggressive postoperative therapies using the glenohumeral joint. To improve this pain and to facilitate postoperative recovery, the patient underwent 4 weekly HA injections into the glenohumeral joint. Over a 2-month period, the patient was able to improve physical functioning, decrease opiate use and participate in all postoperative therapies.

Conclusion

Conservative options to improve functioning and pain are especially important in pediatric patients where it may be desirable to delay surgical interventions until skeletal maturity. Our case report demonstrates the benefits of intra-articular HA as part of a multidisciplinary pain management plan to improve function and decrease pain related to AVN of the humeral head. Future studies should assess the long-term benefits of HA injections for AVN in the setting of SCD.
Effect of ivabradine in heart failure: a meta-analysis of heart failure patients with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Tóth Noémi , Soós Alexandra , Váradi Alex , Hegyi Péter , Tinusz Benedek , Vágvölgyi Anna , Orosz Andrea , Solymár Margit , Polyák Alexandra , Varró András , Farkas Attila S. , Nagy Norbert
Published: October 2021

In clinical trials of heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ivabradine seemed to be an effective heart rate lowering agent associated with lower risk of cardiovascular death. In contrast, ivabradine failed to improve cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) despite the significant effect on heart rate. This meta-analysis is the first to compare the effects of ivabradine on heart rate and mortality parameters in HFpEF versus HFrEF. We screened three databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The outcomes of these studies were mortality, reduction in heart rate, and left ventricular function improvement. We compared the efficacy of ivabradine treatment in HFpEF versus HFrEF. Heart rate analysis of pooled data showed decrease in both HFrEF (–17.646 beats/min) and HFpEF (–11.434 beats/min), and a tendency to have stronger bradycardic effect in HFrEF (p = 0.094) in randomized clinical trials. Left ventricular ejection fraction analysis revealed significant improvement in HFrEF (5.936, 95% CI: [4.199–7.672], p < 0.001) when compared with placebo (p < 0.001). We found that ivabradine significantly improves left ventricular performance in HFrEF, at the same time it exerts a tendency to have improved bradycardic effect in HFrEF. These disparate effects of ivabradine and the higher prevalence of non-cardiac comorbidities in HFpEF may explain the observed beneficial effects in HFrEF and the unchanged outcomes in HFpEF patients after ivabradine treatment.
Color-flavor locked compact stars: An exact solution approach
Authors: Singh Ksh. Newton , Das Shyam , Bhar Piyali , Rahaman Monsur , Rahaman Farook
Published: October 2021

We present an exact solution that could describe compact star composed of color-flavor locked (CFL) phase. Einstein’s field equations were solved through CFL equation of state (EoS) along with a specific form of [Formula: see text] metric potential. Further, to explore a generalized solution we have also included pressure anisotropy. The solution is then analyzed by varying the color superconducting gap [Formula: see text] and its effects on the physical parameters. The stability of the solution through various criteria is also analyzed. To show the physical validity of the obtained solution we have generated the [Formula: see text] curve and fitted three well-known compact stars. This work shows that the anisotropy of the pressure at the interior increases with the color superconducting gap leading to decrease in adiabatic index closer to the critical limit. Further, the fluctuating range of mass due to the density perturbation is larger for lower color superconducting gap leading to more stable configuration.
A note on the parity of Iπ = 5− state in 126,128Xe
Authors: Chakraborty S. , Sharma H. P. , Tiwary S. S. , Majumder C. , Gupta A. K. , Banerjee P. , Ganguly S. , Rai S. , Pragati  , Mayank  , Kumar S. , Bhattacharjee S. S. , Singh R. P. , Muralithar S. , Kumar A. , Palit R.
Published: October 2021

Excited states in [Formula: see text]Xe were populated via [Formula: see text]Sn(9Be, 5n[Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text]Sn(9Be, 3n[Formula: see text]) fusion-evaporation reactions, respectively, at a beam energy of 48[Formula: see text]MeV. The electromagnetic (electric or magnetic) nature and multipolarity of some inter-band [Formula: see text] rays are determined from linear polarization and angular correlation measurements. Re-measured/newly measured linear polarization asymmetry helps to assign the parity of 2302-keV ([Formula: see text]Xe)/2228-keV ([Formula: see text]Xe) [Formula: see text] state unequivocally.
Cancellation properties of graded and nonunital rings. Graded clean and graded exchange Leavitt path algebras
Authors: Vaš Lia
Published: October 2021

Various authors have been generalizing some unital ring properties to nonunital rings. We consider properties related to cancellation of modules (being unit-regular, having stable range one, being directly finite, exchange, or clean) and their “local” versions. We explore their relationships and extend the defined concepts to graded rings. With graded clean and graded exchange rings suitably defined, we study how these properties behave under the formation of graded matrix rings. We exhibit properties of a graph E which are equivalent to the unital Leavitt path algebra [Formula: see text] being graded clean. We also exhibit some graph properties which are necessary and some which are sufficient for [Formula: see text] to be graded exchange.
Examination and Optimization of Machining Parameters in Electrical Discharge Machining of UNS T30407 Steel
Authors: Singh Palwinder , Singh Lakhvir
Published: October 2021

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a non-conventional process utilized for machining electrically conductive materials which cannot be machined by conventional processes. This paper is focused on modeling and optimization in electrical discharge machining (EDM) of UNS T30407 steel. The variables such as pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), and current will influence the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) which were taken as response variables. Experimental data were collected as per the central composite design (CCD) matrix of response surface methodology (RSM) approach and mathematical models have been developed for both the response variables. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to determine the significant machining parameters and optimize the input parameters for both the responses (MRR and Ra). The statistical adequacy of the models is tested with the help of ANOVA. The optimum parametric combination for maximum MRR and smaller Ra (highest surface finish) was found. The surface characteristics of the machined surface were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Effect of Zr4+ on piezoelectric, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of barium calcium titanate lead-free ceramics
Authors: Panda Prasanta Kumar , Sahoo Benudhar , Sureshkumar V. , Politova Ekaterina Dmitrievna
Published: October 2021

[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]([Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text](BCTZ) ceramics with [Formula: see text] 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. Calcination of the powders was carried out at 1100 [Formula: see text]C for 4 h and the green pellets were sintered at 1400 [Formula: see text]C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction patterns of the sintered pellets showed tetragonal splitting up to [Formula: see text] 0.10 while the mixture of the rhombohedral/cubic phase appeared at higher ZrO2 concentrations. Maximum piezoelectric charge constant [Formula: see text] 510 pC/N and strain ([Formula: see text] 0.103%) were measured for BCT doped by 0.10 mol ZrO2. Dielectric constant, remnant polarization and saturation polarization also found maxima for this composition. The Curie temperature ([Formula: see text] of the compositions decreased with increase in ZrO2 concentration and reached 98 [Formula: see text]C, 87 [Formula: see text]C and 36 [Formula: see text]C at [Formula: see text] 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 mol, respectively. The remaining compositions have [Formula: see text] below the room temperature; therefore, they can be used for subzero/cryogenic applications. The scanning electron microscopy study revealed an increase in grain size with increase in ZrO2 concentration and confirmed the complete solubility of ZrO2 in the crystal lattice. Overall, low ZrO2-doped BCT compositions with high [Formula: see text] could be suitable for low temperature (<80 [Formula: see text]C) applications.
AsTAR: Sustainable Energy Harvesting for the Internet of Things through Adaptive Task Scheduling
Authors: Yang Fan , Thangarajan Ashok Samraj , Ramachandran Gowri Sankar , Joosen Wouter , Hughes Danny
Published: October 2021

Battery-free Internet-of-Things devices equipped with energy harvesting hold the promise of extended operational lifetime, reduced maintenance costs, and lower environmental impact. Despite this clear potential, it remains complex to develop applications that deliver sustainable operation in the face of variable energy availability and dynamic energy demands. This article aims to reduce this complexity by introducing AsTAR, an energy-aware task scheduler that automatically adapts task execution rates to match available environmental energy. AsTAR enables the developer to prioritize tasks based upon their importance, energy consumption, or a weighted combination thereof. In contrast to prior approaches, AsTAR is autonomous and self-adaptive, requiring no
a priori
modeling of the environment or hardware platforms. We evaluate AsTAR based on its capability to efficiently deliver sustainable operation for multiple tasks on heterogeneous platforms under dynamic environmental conditions. Our evaluation shows that (1) comparing to conventional approaches, AsTAR guarantees
Sustainability
by maintaining a user-defined optimum level of charge, and (2) AsTAR reacts quickly to environmental and platform changes, and achieves
Efficiency
by allocating all the surplus resources following the developer-specified task priorities. (3) Last, the benefits of AsTAR are achieved with minimal performance overhead in terms of memory, computation, and energy.
A Novel Algorithm for Profit Distribution of Sustainable Development Using E-Commerce Supply Chain
Authors: Wei Li
Published: October 2021

E-commerce supply chain actually deals with the acquisition of the raw materials, their timely processing, and on-time delivery to the right place. It deals with a number of processes such as supply and demand, managing order entry, and inventory tracking. Now profit distribution models are actually stochastic models that are used to optimize the gains and profits in a particular business. They actually generate modern time solutions to the existing problems in a sustainable environment. However, in order to solve the problems existing in the traditional profit distribution algorithm of the e-commerce supply chain, such as low distribution accuracy and large time cost, a profit distribution algorithm of the e-commerce supply chain under the concept of sustainable development was designed. It was supported by the concept of sustainable development, and the coefficient of income distribution is calculated according to the equilibrium bidding strategy of supply chain alliance and its members, net present value of income distribution, total investment, minimum expected rate of return on investment, and other parameters. First, calculate the Shapley value of the profit distribution of the power supply chain, and obtain the correction coefficient through the correction matrix, dimensionless processing, and analytic hierarchy process. Use the correction coefficient to correct the Shapley value and the income distribution coefficient to realize the design of the profit distribution algorithm for the power supply chain. The experimental results show that the algorithm has low relative error rate, high precision, and short time cost of profit distribution coefficient calculation.
Research on Image Recognition of Building Wall Design Defects Based on Partial Differential Equation
Authors: Yu Xiwen , Wang Kai , Wang Shaoxuan
Published: October 2021

The detection of building wall surface defects is of great significance to eliminate potential safety hazards. In this paper, a research on building wall design defect image recognition based on partial differential equation is proposed. Collect the image data of building surface defects, sample and quantify the collected images, and preprocess the defect images such as digital threshold segmentation, filtering, and enhancement. Then, the improved partial differential equation is used to recognize the image as a whole. The second-order partial differential diffusion equation and the fourth-order partial differential equation are used to recognize the high-frequency and low-frequency bands of the image, respectively. The kernel principal component analysis algorithm is used to transfer the overall image input space to the high-dimensional feature space. The kernel function is used to calculate the inner product in different subband images of the high-dimensional feature space to reduce the dimension of the overall image. The processed coefficients are inversely transformed by nondownsampling contour wave to realize the overall image recognition and ensure that the edge information of the source image does not disappear. Experimental results show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm has better effect and better stability.
Suicidality and Self-Harming Behaviors in Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS): Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bellman Val , Abbass Zargham , Sohail Ramsa , Jafri Syed
Published: October 2021

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder which is often associated with significant behavioral challenges and poor intellectual functioning. Research has shown that individuals with PWS are more likely to experience mental health problems, have higher relapse rates, and are at risk of self-harming behavior. Although PWS is associated with mild intellectual disability, which in itself confers a higher mortality rate, suicidality in this population is so far unreported in the literature. We present the case of an 18-year-old male patient who was admitted to our facility following exogenous insulin administration with suicidal intent. The main clinical characteristics, self-harming behaviors, and suicide risk factors of patients with PWS are discussed in this report. The article’s objective is to redirect clinicians’ attention to carefully screen and treat the underlying behavioral problems in PWS patients.
Curcumin Synergistically Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Arsenic Trioxide in U266 Cells by Increasing Arsenic Uptake
Authors: Han Dingding , Ma Guibo , Gao Yujuan , Su Yanhua
Published: October 2021

Despite the constant emergence of new methods for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), relapse and drug resistance still exist, especially in MM with p53 mutations. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) can be used in MM treatment, but this single drug has poor effectiveness and also side effects. Curcumin is a safe and effective compound that can enhance the anticancer effects of many drugs. Previous studies have suggested that tumor cell sensitivity to ATO is related to the intracellular arsenic content, and aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is the key factor that determines intracellular arsenic content. This study aimed to explore whether curcumin can increase ATO cytotoxicity in MM and whether the mechanism is related to the regulation of intracellular arsenic content. U266 was treated with ATO, curcumin, and their combination, and cell proliferation, apoptosis, and intracellular arsenic content were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and HPLC-ICP-MS, respectively. AQP9 mRNA and protein levels were detected by qPCR and western blotting. The levels of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 protein were detected by western blotting. ATO-induced cytotoxicity to U266 occurred in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but the therapeutic efficacy at low drug concentrations was modest. The arsenic content in U266 was lower than that in NB4, and the arsenic uptake by U266 was concentration-dependent. The expression levels of AQP9 mRNA and AQP9 protein in U266 were lower than those in NB4. Curcumin significantly enhanced the lethality of ATO to U266. The arsenic content in U266 in the combined drug group increased significantly compared with ATO treatment alone. After curcumin treatment, the AQP9 mRNA and AQP9 protein expression levels in U266 also increased. Compared with the control group, the expression of antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 decreased, the expression of proapoptotic protein Bax increased, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 increased, and the expression of caspase-3 decreased and cleaved caspase-3 increased in the combined drug groups. Curcumin can enhance the killing effects of ATO on U266 by increasing the intracellular arsenic content, which may be related to the upregulation of AQP9 expression. The combination of these two drugs is expected to be a potential clinical treatment for MM.
High‐Volume Fly Ash‐Based Cementitious Composites as Sustainable Materials: An Overview of Recent Advances
Authors: Du Sen , Zhao Qingxin , Shi Xianming
Published: October 2021

High‐volume fly ash (HVFA) cementitious composites (paste, grout, mortar, and concrete) have been widely investigated as a class of sustainable materials due to their lower carbon footprint and often better life cycle performance than conventional Portland cement mixtures. Recent years have seen increased research in HVFA‐based materials, and the potential of this type of mixtures in engineering applications has significantly improved. In this context, this work reviews the renewed knowledge of HVFA mixtures, focusing on the relevant papers published over the last decade. The effects of replacing cement with a HVFA binder on the fresh properties, mechanical properties, durability performance, and environmental impact of HVFA cementitious composites are explored. Measures that can compensate for the main drawbacks that limit the wider application of HVFA mixtures are discussed in detail. At last, we summarize the research needs and remaining challenges of HVFA cementitious composites.
Investigation on Processing Maps of Diffusion Bonding Process Parameters for Ti‐6Al‐4 V/AISI304 Dissimilar Joints
Authors: Arun Negemiya A. , Shankar A. N. , Guruprasad B. , Prakash B. , Dineshkumar S. , Batu Areda , Rajakumar S.
Published: October 2021

The diffusion bonding (DB) method is used in this investigation to connect high‐temperature dissimilar materials. The existence of difficult‐to‐remove oxide coatings on the titanium surfaces, as well as the arrangement of breakable metallic interlayers and oxide enclosures inside the bond region, provides the most significant challenges during the transition from AISI304 to Ti‐6Al‐4V alloying. In addition, an effort was made to advance DB processing maps for the operational connection of Ti‐6Al‐4V to AISI304 alloys to improve their performance. Joints had been created by combining several process factors, such as bonding temperature (T), bonding pressure (P), and holding time (t), to create diverse designs. Based on the findings, database processing maps were created. This set of processing maps may be used as a rough guideline for selecting appropriate DB process parameters for generating virtuous excellent bonds between Ti‐6Al‐4V and AISI304 alloys. The maximum lap shear strength (LSS) was achieved at 800°C, 15 MPa, and 45 min.
A Case Report of Cardiac Amyloidosis Highlighting the Importance of Strain Analysis
Authors: Sanchez Andres Cordova , Murphy Ryan , Rao Suman , Martinez Fidel , Bryant Stephanie , Chaudhuri Debanik
Published: October 2021

Cardiac involvement in light-chain (AL) amyloidosis has a high mortality. Once cardiac symptoms are present, it is important to make a diagnosis as there is an inverse relationship between mortality and time of diagnosis. Echocardiography is usually one of the first tests performed. But strain analysis, which can provide important clues, is not routinely performed. This is a case of AL amyloidosis presenting with heart failure in which echocardiographic strain analysis was vital for its diagnosis.
A Multiscale Clustering Approach for Non‐IID Nominal Data
Authors: Chen Runzi , Zhao Shuliang , Tian Zhenzhen
Published: October 2021

Multiscale brings great benefits for people to observe objects or problems from different perspectives. Multiscale clustering has been widely studied in various disciplines. However, most of the research studies are only for the numerical dataset, which is a lack of research on the clustering of nominal dataset, especially the data are nonindependent and identically distributed (Non‐IID). Aiming at the current research situation, this paper proposes a multiscale clustering framework based on Non‐IID nominal data. Firstly, the benchmark‐scale dataset is clustered based on coupled metric similarity measure. Secondly, it is proposed to transform the clustering results from benchmark scale to target scale that the two algorithms are named upscaling based on single chain and downscaling based on Lanczos kernel, respectively. Finally, experiments are performed using five public datasets and one real dataset of the Hebei province of China. The results showed that the method can provide us not only competitive performance but also reduce computational cost.
Geochemical Characteristics and Sedimentary Environment of the Upper Permian Longtan Coal Series Shale in Western Guizhou Province, South China
Authors: Zhao Lingyun , Zhou Peiming , Lou Yi , Zhao Youzhou , Liu Wei , Liao Zhiwei , Xia Peng
Published: October 2021

China’s marine-continental transitional facies shale gas resources are abundant with shale gas resources of about 19.8 trillion cubic meters, while the exploration and development of these shale gas resources are still in the initial stage. The Upper Permian Longtan coal series shale is one of the most important transitional shales in the Yangtze platform, China. In this study, the comprehensive methods of mineralogy and organic geochemistry are used to discuss the characteristic of organic matter and sedimentary environment of the Longtan coal series shale in western Guizhou Province, South China. The results show that (1) the total organic carbon (TOC) content of this shale ranges in 0.6%-28.21%, mainly in 3%-12%, indicating a “good-excellent” hydrocarbon source rock, and its vitrinite reflectance (

R

o

) ranges from 1.48% to 2.93%, indicating a high-overmature organic matter; (2) the organic matter in this shale is multiorigin, and most of them come from the terrestrial higher plant while the rest come from the plankton; (3) type index (TI) of organic matter is from -65 to 41, indicating most of the kerogens which are II1-III types; and (4) the sedimentary environment of this shale is dominated by suboxic-anoxic fresh water environment, which provides a favorable condition for the preservation of organic matter. In addition, the warm and humid climate during the Late Permian in the Yangtze platform promotes plant growth, and as a result, the Longtan coal series shale is rich in organic matter and has great potential of shale gas exploration and development.
Off Time Independently Affects Quality of Life in Advanced Parkinson’s Disease (APD) Patients but Not in Non-APD Patients: Results from the Self-Reported Japanese Quality-of-Life Survey of Parkinson’s Disease (JAQPAD) Study
Authors: Hayashi Yuka , Nakagawa Ryoko , Ishido Miwako , Yoshinaga Yoko , Watanabe Jun , Kurihara Kanako , Nagaki Koichi , Ogura Hiromu , Mishima Takayasu , Fujioka Shinsuke , Tsuboi Yoshio
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a triad of motor symptoms and several nonmotor symptoms (NMS). Identifying the most appropriate treatment is essential for improving patient quality of life (QoL). However, it is still not known which PD symptoms more commonly affect patients with advanced PD (APD) versus non-APD. This study examined the factors that most affected the QoL of patients with APD (defined using the 5-2-1 criteria: ≥5 oral levodopa doses a day, off time ≥2 hours a day, or troublesome dyskinesia ≥1 hour a day) versus non-APD in a large Japanese population using the Japanese Quality-of-Life Survey of Parkinson’s Disease (JAQPAD) study. Methods. Participants in this self-reported survey-based study included all members of the Japan Parkinson’s Disease Association. Questionnaires assessing NMS and QoL (e.g., the 8-item PD Questionnaire [PDQ-8]) were included. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify clinical factors impacting QoL using the PDQ-8 Summary Index (PDQ-8 SI). Results. Of the 3022 eligible patients, 864 were classified as having non-APD and 1599 as having APD. QoL as assessed by the PDQ-8 SI was notably worse in patients with APD versus non-APD (39.2 vs. 26.9,

p
<
0.0001

). Although off time affected QoL only in patients with APD, PD duration and the NMS Questionnaire score significantly contributed to the QoL in both patients with APD and non-APD. Conclusions. This study identified the factors more commonly associated with worse QoL in patients with APD versus non-APD. Our findings offer new insights for providing optimal treatment and improving treatment satisfaction in patients with PD.
A Torsional Vibration Measurement Method for Rotating Blades Based on Blade Tip Timing
Authors: Guo Haonan , Yang Yongmin , Guan Fengjiao , Hu Haifeng , Shen Guoji , Chen Suiyu , Bian Zifang
Published: October 2021

During the working process of the turbine, some types of faults can cause changes in the vibration characteristics of the blades. The real‐time vibration monitoring of the blades is of great significance to the stable operation and state‐based maintenance. Torsional vibration is a kind of blade vibration modes and results in failures such as cracks easily. Thus, it is important to measure it due to the harmfulness of torsional vibration. Firstly, the principle of blade tip timing (BTT) is introduced, and the models of the blade are built to analyze the characteristics of torsional vibration. Then, the compressed sensing theory is introduced, and its related parameters are determined according to the measurement requirements. Next, based on the condition that the blade rigidity axis is not bent and bent, respectively, the layout method of sensors is proposed and the numerical simulation of the measurement process is performed. The results of the above two types of numerical simulation verify the proposed measurement method. Finally, by analyzing the influencing factors of measurement uncertainty, the optimization method of sensors’ layout is further proposed. This study can provide important theoretical guidance for the measurement of blade torsional vibration.
The Methylation Status in the Chromosome 11p15.5 Region and Metabolic Disorders in Children with Syndromic and Nonsyndromic Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Özer Emre , Geyik Filiz , Alp Ünkar Zeynep , Ercan Oya , Tüysüz Beyhan
Published: October 2021

Loss of methylation (LoM) of the imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) in the chromosome 11p15.5 domain is detected in patients with Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS), characterized by asymmetric pre- and postnatal growth restriction, and typical craniofacial features. The patients with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) possess a high risk for adult metabolic problems. This study is aimed to investigate the methylation levels of the chromosome 11p15.5 region and metabolic problems in children with syndromic and nonsyndromic IUGR. Methylation analysis was performed for chromosome 11p15.5 in 49 patients (33 with suspected SRS and 16 nonsyndromic IUGR) with Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring (NHCS); uniparental disomy for chromosomes 6, 7, 14, and 20 was evaluated for those who were negative. LoM of ICR1 was detected in 14 of 33 suspected SRS patients with 3 or more criteria of NHCS, 5 had borderline LoM. Maternal uniparental disomy of the chromosomes 7 and 14 was found in 2 patients. The overall detection rate of SRS was 45.5%. While clinical findings were similar in patients with LoM and borderline LoM of ICR1, typical craniofacial findings were significantly less in the patients with normal methylation. Methylation patterns were not found to be impaired in the nonsyndromic IUGR group. Metabolic complications were evaluated in a total of 63 patients including 33 SRS-suspicious, 16 nonsyndromic IUGR, and 14 patients with 3M or SHORT syndrome. Increased rates of hypercalciuria, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia were detected in patients with both syndromic and nonsyndromic IUGR. We would like to emphasize that detecting typical facial findings is effective in the diagnosis of SRS and paying attention to metabolic problems in the follow-up of patients with IUGR is recommended.
Epidemiological Review of Spinal Cord Injury due to Road Traffic Accidents in Latin America
Authors: Fernández Londoño Laura Lucía , Marchesini Nicolò , Espejo Ballesteros Deyer , Álzate García Laura , Gómez Jiménez Johanna Alejandra , Ginalis Elizabeth , Rubiano Andrés M.
Published: October 2021

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease that affects the normal function of the spinal cord. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) represent the main cause of SCI worldwide. SCI may generate physical disability and economic dependency, which is especially significant in low- and middle-income countries such as most of the Latin American countries. The main objective of this study was to present an epidemiological review of SCI secondary to RTAs. Stronger evidence on this condition in Latin America is important for future-specific data collection and prevention strategies. A literature review was carried out using specific search strategies in databases of indexed journals from the period 2000 to 2019. Data on SCI secondary to RTAs in the Latin American region were collected and analyzed. After initial screening and removal of duplicates, 16 articles met the inclusion criteria and were chosen for analysis. Data from 7 Latin American countries were retrievable. On average, RTAs were responsible for 40.81% of SCI. Data from different studies are heterogeneous. Car accidents and moto accidents were equally responsible for SCIs (50.61% vs. 49.06%). The thoracic segments were the most commonly affected (57.87%). Males in their 30s were the most affected category (76.6%). SCI due to RTAs may represent a severe but preventable condition that affects mostly men in their productive age, generating important social and economic issues. Data about this condition in Latin America are scarce, and could limit prevention and treatment strategies. Prospective data collection about this condition is recommended.
Performance evaluation of GaN and Si based driver circuits for a SiC MOSFET power switch
Authors: Carra Martin J. , Tacc Hernan , Lipovetzky Jose
Published: October 2021

Silicon Carbide (SiC), new power switches (PSW) require new driver circuits which can take advantage of their new capabilities. In this paper a novel Gallium Nitride (GaN) based gate driver is proposed as a solution to control SiC power switches. The proposed driver is implemented and is performance compared with its silicon (Si) counterparts on a hard switching environment. A thorough evaluation of the energy involved in the switching process is presented showing that the GaN based circuit exhibits similar output losses but reduces the control power needed to operate at a specified frequency.
A comparative study for the performance operation of electric machine based on conventional and D-Q theories
Authors: AL hajzber Sanabel M. , Ali Ahmed J. , AL-Rifaie Alya H. , Shanshal Abdullah K.
Published: October 2021

Induction motors are used widely in industrial applications, thanks to their high efficiency and reliability which nominates it as a good machine used in various application. Based on the application and accuracy, modeling processes of electric machines are carried out using different mathematical methods. The most common method for modeling electrical machines is based on solution of differential equations of voltages as well as calculating the time varying self-inductances and the mutual inductances based on the rotor angle. One of the most important features of this method is that the inductance is no long depend on the time varying voltage, which is the major problem facing the conventional model. But the D-Q modeling approach has several problems, the greatest of which is that the voltage applied on stator must be balanced in addition to the fact that the winding are sinusoidal distributed form. Herein this research is focused on build two models of a 3-Φ induction motor (IM) based on the two analytical approaches and compare them to clarify the difference. The results have been shown that the conventional model gives more accurate response when it is applied in both normal and upnormal operation. MATLAB/Simulink softare is used to construct the D-Q and classical abc IM models.
Real time emulator for parallel connected dual-PMSM sensorless control
Authors: Sahri Khaldoune , Pietrzak-David Maria , Baghli Lotfi , Kheloui Abdelaziz
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a real-time emulator of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) board for supervision and observation purposes. In order to increase the reliability of the drive, a sensorless speed control method is proposed. This method allows replacing the physical sensor while guaranteeing a satisfactory operation even in faulty conditions. The novelty of the proposed approach consists of an FPGA implementation of an emulator to control the actual system. Hence, this emulator operates in real-time with actual system control in healthy or faulty mode. It gives an observation of the speed rotation in case of fault for the sake of continuity of service. The observation of the rotor position and the speed are achieved using the dSPACE DS52030D digital platform with a digital signal processor (DSP) associated with a Xilinx FPGA.
Advanced control strategy of DFIG during symmetrical grid fault
Authors: Riouch Tariq , Nichita Cristian
Published: October 2021

This article proposes a novel scheme to improve the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) behavior during grid fault. The DFIG’s are sensitives to voltage variations when abrupt variations of the wind velocity arrive. For enhancing DFIG behavior, protecting the converters, and smoothing the fluctuations power output of the DFIG under sag voltage; a novel hybrid energy storage system scheme and its controller are proposed. The main advantages of our approach are a faster response and suppressing overvoltage on DC bus and globally less stress in the storage system. The control structure decreases the tiredness on the battery and restores the DC bus voltage rapidly, globally the battery system operating time increases. The results obtained by simulations in MATLAB validate the benefits of the suggested control.
In-depth perception of dynamic inductive wireless power transfer development: a review
Authors: Nanda Nadia Nazieha , Hanifah Mohd Shahrin Abu , Yusoff Siti Hajar , Rahim Nadirah Abdul , Yaacob Mashkuri , Hasbullah Nurul Fadzlin
Published: October 2021

The emerging of inductive wireless power transfer (IWPT) technology provides more opportunities for the electric vehicle (EV) battery to have a better recharging process. With the development of IWPT technology, various way of wireless charging of the EV battery is proposed in order to find the best solution. To further understand the fundamentals of the IWPT system itself, an ample review is done. There are different ways of EV charging which are static charging (wired), static wireless charging (SWC) and dynamic wireless charging (DWC). The review starts with a brief comparison of static charging, SWC and DWC. Then, in detailed discussion on the fundamental concepts, related laws and equations that govern the IWPT principle are also included. In this review, the focus is more on the DWC with a little discussion on static charging and SWC to ensure in-depth understanding before one can do further research about the EV charging process. The in-depth perception regarding the development of DWC is elaborated together with the system architecture of the IWPT and DWC system and the different track versions of DWC, which is installable to the road lane.