bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The livestock sector and its stakeholders in the search to meet the animal welfare requirements of society
Authors: Immink V.M. , Reinders M.J. , van Tulder R.J.M. , van Trijp J.C.M.
Published: December 2013

Multi-stakeholder support is crucial to chain parties delivering against the (latent) demand and consumption of animal-friendly products. Actors take an ambiguous position in dealing with the issue of animal welfare improvements, partly because such improvements deviate from the dominant business model aimed at efficient delivery to export markets. This makes multi-stakeholder dialogues an important factor in channelling the issue of animal welfare and, ultimately, in migrating towards more animal-friendly production systems. This paper studies the dynamics in the chain - including lock-ins and barriers - through which the Dutch livestock sector searches for a new equilibrium with society; in this case, through the development of an in-between segment. This analysis improves our understanding of how transitions work on sustainability issues in the agriculture sector. Developing an in-between segment for animal friendly production requires many small steps and stakeholder interactions and the creation of a delicate balance between reactive and (pro)active efforts.
The ARICE Framework: Augmented Reality in Computing Education
Authors: Wang Yuanqiong , Vincenti Giovanni , Braman James , Dudley Alfreda
Published: December 2013

Augmented Reality (AR) is a term for a live direct or an indirect view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generated sensory input and output including sound, graphics or haptic input and feedback mechanisms. It has been reported that the use of AR for educational purposes provided opportunities for reflection, capabilities for multiple representations, and co-design of personalized learning experiences which contribute to promote active learning. However, most of the reported applications are for students at the elementary or high school level. There are no reported formal studies on AR application on a college/university level. Based on this lack of information, several questions arise: Are the benefits unique to the elementary and high school students? If AR is used in college classrooms, will it show similar benefits? This paper proposes an Augmented Reality in Computing Education (ARICE) framework for using an AR educational system in undergraduate computing education to improve student performance, retention and learning outcomes. A research plan on how to evaluate the framework has also been presented.
Critical Factors and Resources in Developing a Game-Based Learning (GBL) Environment Using Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)
Authors: Lothian Jeremy , Ryoo Jungwoo
Published: December 2013

Engaging students in learning is often a challenge. It is even more so when the subject matter is non-trivial and requires a significant effort to master. Game-Based Learning (GBL) makes learning more interesting and appealing by seamlessly incorporating educational lessons into competitive games. Students naturally develop their interest in the materials and are immersed into learning as they compete with each other or against themselves in the game. To be effective, the game itself should be fun and engaging as well as accommodating the intended learning objectives. Although many people are aware of how effective GBL can be, it is overwhelming for a beginner to master the tools and techniques quickly to have GBL implemented in a class-room environment. We recognize this lack of guidance in the existing GBL literature and discuss critical factors in developing a GBL environment using the free and open source software (FOSS) resources available as of this writing.
A Probabilistic Approach for the Generation of Learning Sessions Tailored to the Learning Styles of Learners
Authors: El Bouhdidi Jaber , Ghailani Mohamed , Fennan Abdelhadi
Published: December 2013

In this paper we present an audacious solution based on Bayesian networks and educational approach for the construction of evolutionary personalized learning paths. We mean by evolutionary learning paths, paths that are composed gradually as learners advance in their learning, i.e in real time. To do this, the system selects the hypermedia units of learning to apprehend based on the results of formative assessments, psychological and cognitive characteristics of learner.

The architecture that we propose is based, firstly, on the semantic web, First, in order to model the domain model and to index learning resources so as to maximize their reuse, and then to represent the personal and cognitive traits of learners in a learner model while integrating their learning styles according to the Felder and Silverman model; and secondly, a probabilistic approach based on Bayesian networks that calculates the probability of success of each candidate hypermedia unit, for selecting those who are most appropriate for the construction of evolutionary personalized learning paths.

The proposed Bayesian model is validated with real data collected from an experimental study with a specimen of students.
Information Theoretic Clustering for an Intelligent Multilingual Tutoring System
Authors: Troussas Christos , Virvou Maria
Published: December 2013

People working as groups, collaborating, rather than people working individually, has unquestionably helped them develop and make accomplishments beyond our imagination. It is quite common to believe that human beings have an inner need to act as social beings. In computer science and particularly in intelligent tutoring systems, the related scientific literature enhances the conviction that even in learning, humans as students may improve the way they learn when working in groups and being in clusters. In this paper we present the information theoretic clustering built up in the context of student collaboration. Collaborative student groups are created with respect to the corresponding user models.
Sharing Model of Online Overseas Chinese Education Resource Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Huang Zhehuang
Published: December 2013

In recent years, with the sustainable and fast development of chinese economy, there has been increasing interest in overseas chinese language. As an important way of overseas chinese education, online education has been drawing more and more attention due to its simplicity and convenience. But at present, the existing chinese education resource service model is simply assigned the resources to users which can not effectively meet the practical needs of users. How to provide a personalized service is the key problem to be solved. In this paper, we proposed a sharing model of chinese education resource based on cloud computing. There are three mainly works in this paper. Firstly, user vector space is constructed based on user personal information. Secondly, synergetic neural network is presented to user group recognition. Finally, sharing model based cloud computing is presented and implemented. The proposed model in this paper provide a good practicability and a promising future for overseas chinese education.
Polychaetes as Bioindicators of Water Quality in the Saguenay Fjord (Quebec, Canada): A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Blaise C. , Gagné F. , Gillis P.L. , Eullaffroy P.
Published: December 2013

The Saguenay Fjord, a key affluent of the St-Lawrence River estuary (SLRE), is prone to environmental pressures stemming from mixed and diffuse sources of (in)organic contamination, and has been studied extensively with bivalves as indicators of water quality. [...]
Increase sensitivity to metals of hemocytes obtained from Mya arenaria collected at different distances from the shore
Authors: Alix G. , Beaudry A. , Brousseau-Fournier C. , Fortier M. , Auffret M. , Fournier M. , Brousseau P.
Published: December 2013

Not available
Abstract 13
Authors: Gondaliya Hetashvi , Nangadda Narmada , Shivaprasad Subramanian Kannan , Khadilkar Ks Kranti , Bhargavi Js
Published: December 2013

Background: The concentration of sodium in plasma is maintained within a relatively narrow range by homeostatic mechanisms involving thirst, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and renal control of water excretion. Hyponatremia is defined as serum sodium level <135 meq/L. It is the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in hospital admissions worldwide. A wide variety of factors influence the outcome of the hyponatremic patient. We aimed to analyse etiology, severity of hyponatremia, treatment and rate of correction of sodium in hospitalized patients.

Methods: We analysed 61 hospitalized patients with hyponatremia referred to department of endocrinology from other specialities. Serum sodium was recorded at the time of referral. Depending upon their symptoms, clinical examination and concurrent illness; treatment options were employed. These patients were followed up with serial sodium levels over 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours and their rate of correction was recorded.

Results: Out of total 61 patients, 41 were male and 20 were female. Among them 54% (n = 33) of the patients were elderly (>60 years age). Mean sodium level at the time of referral was 127.82 mEq/L. 65% (n = 40) of the patients had underlying neurological cause of hyponatremia; possibly SIADH, 22.9% (n = 14) patients had drug induced hyponatremia, 6 patients had hypovolemic hypernatremia, 1 patient had hyponatremia due to severe hypothyroidism. Of all, 83.6% (n = 51) of patients were treated with tolvaptan along with oral sodium supplement. 10 patients did not require tolvaptan owing to their mild degree of hyponatremia. 21.3% (n = 13) of patients required use of 3% saline; out of which 10 patients had underlying neurological cause, 1 patient had drug induced hyponatremia and 2 patients had severe hypovolemic hyponatremia. In the patients who were given tolvaptan, mean increase in serum sodium after 24 hours was 4.7 mEq/L and after 48 hours was 5.4 eEq/L. In them 8 patients had increase in serum sodium by ³8 mEq/L at 24 hours. Tolvaptan was discontinued in 3 patients due to elevated liver enzymes. Mean sodium at the time of discharge was 134.5 eEq/L for the patients treated with tolvaptan. Mean duration of hospital stay was 17.12 days. There was no mortality recorded among 61 patients.

Conclusion: Timely recognition and initiation of treatment is crucial in patients with hyponatremia. Early specialist input, clarity of diagnosis, and robust communication across the healthcare community could improve outcomes and patient experience.
Moduli Spaces of Vector Bundles over a Real Curve: ℤ/2-Betti Numbers
Authors: Baird Thomas
Published: December 2013

Moduli spaces of real bundles over a real curve arise naturally as Lagrangian submanifolds of the moduli space of semi–stable bundles over a complex curve. In this paper, we adapt the methods of Atiyah–Bott's “Yang–Mills over a Riemann Surface” to compute ℤ/2–Betti numbers of these spaces.
Numerical Validation for High Order Hyperbolic Moment System of Wigner Equation
Authors: Li Ruo , Lu Tiao , Wang Yanli , Yao Wenqi
Published: December 2013

A globally hyperbolic moment system upto arbitrary order for the Wigner equation was derived in [6]. For numerically solving the high order hyperbolic moment system therein, we in this paper develop a preliminary numerical method for this system following the NRxx method recently proposed in [8], to validate the moment system of the Wigner equation. The method developed can keep both mass and momentum conserved, and the variation of the total energy under control though it is not strictly conservative. We systematically study the numerical convergence of the solution to the moment system both in the size of spatial mesh and in the order of the moment expansion, and the convergence of the numerical solution of the moment system to the numerical solution of the Wigner equation using the discrete velocity method. The numerical results indicate that the high order moment system in [6] is a valid model for the Wigner equation, and the proposed numerical method for the moment system is quite promising to carry out the simulation of the Wigner equation.
Structure–activity relationship for the estimation of OH-oxidation rate constants of carbonyl compounds in the aqueous phase
Authors: Doussin J.-F. , Monod A.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. In the atmosphere, one important class of reactions occurs in the aqueous phase in which organic compounds are known to undergo oxidation towards a number of radicals, among which OH radicals are the most reactive oxidants. In 2008, Monod and Doussin have proposed a new structure–activity relationship (SAR) to calculate OH-oxidation rate constants in the aqueous phase. This estimation method is based on the group-additivity principle and was until now limited to alkanes, alcohols, acids, bases and related polyfunctional compounds. In this work, the initial SAR is extended to carbonyl compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, dicarbonyls, hydroxy carbonyls, acidic carbonyls, their conjugated bases, and the hydrated form of all these compounds. To do so, only five descriptors have been added and none of the previously attributed descriptors were modified. This extension leads now to a SAR which is based on a database of 102 distinct compounds for which 252 experimental kinetic rate constants have been gathered and reviewed. The efficiency of this updated SAR is such that 58% of the rate constants could be calculated within ±20% of the experimental data and 76% within ±40% (respectively 41 and 72% for the carbonyl compounds alone).
Reactivity of chlorine radical with submicron palmitic acid particles: kinetic measurements and product identification
Authors: Mendez M. , Ciuraru R. , Gosselin S. , Batut S. , Visez N. , Petitprez D.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. The heterogeneous reaction of Cl• radicals with submicron palmitic acid (PA) particles was studied in an aerosol flow tube in the presence or in the absence of O2. Fine particles were generated by homogeneous condensation of PA vapours and introduced into the reactor, where chlorine atoms were produced by photolysis of Cl2 using UV lamps surrounding the reactor. The effective reactive uptake coefficient (γ) has been determined from the rate loss of PA measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis of reacted particles as a function of the chlorine exposure. In the absence of O2, γ = 14 ± 5 indicates efficient secondary chemistry involving Cl2. GC/MS analysis has shown the formation of monochlorinated and polychlorinated compounds in the oxidized particles. Although the PA particles are solid, the complete mass can be consumed. In the presence of oxygen, the reaction is still dominated by secondary chemistry but the propagation chain length is smaller than in the absence of O2, which leads to an uptake coefficient γ = 3 ± 1. In the particulate phase, oxocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids were identified by GC/MS. The formation of alcohols and monocarboxylic acids is also suspected. A reaction pathway for the main products and more functionalized species is proposed. All these results show that solid organic particles could be efficiently oxidized by gas-phase radicals not only on their surface but also in bulk by mechanisms which are still unclear. They help to understand the aging of primary tropospheric aerosol containing fatty acids.
Estimation of nocturnal222Rn soil fluxes over Russia from TROICA measurements
Authors: Berezina E. V. , Elansky N. F. , Moiseenko K. B. , Belikov I. B. , Shumsky R. A. , Safronov A. N. , Brenninkmeijer C. A. M
Published: December 2013

Abstract. In TROICA (TRanscontinental Observations Into the Chemistry of the Atmosphere) campaigns (1999–2008), the simultaneous observations of near surface 222Rn concentrations and atmospheric boundary layer thermal structure were performed along the Trans-Siberian Railway across northern Eurasia from Moscow to Vladivostok, including central, southern and far eastern parts of Russia. The data on 222Rn and temperature vertical distribution are used to estimate 222Rn regional scale soil fluxes based on calculations of nocturnal 222Rn accumulation rates in the surface layer under inversion conditions. An effect of seasonal soil thawing on 2–4 times surface 222Rn concentration increase from summer 1999 to autumn 2005 is observed. The estimated 222Rn regional averaged fluxes vary over Russia from 29 ± 8 mBq m−2 s−1 in its so-called European territory to 95 ± 51 mBq m−2 s−1 in the southern area of Siberia. The highest 222Rn fluxes are derived in the regions of high tectonic activity and orogenic belts of central and eastern Siberia and in far eastern Russia. The observed high 222Rn flux variations in specific events show a strong effect of both soil and atmospheric conditions on 222Rn near-surface abundance and the derived seasonal patterns over the continent.
A WRF simulation of the impact of 3-D radiative transfer on surface hydrology over the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada
Authors: Liou K. N. , Gu Y. , Leung L. R. , Lee W. L. , Fovell R. G.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. We investigate 3-D mountains/snow effects on solar flux distributions and their impact on surface hydrology over the western United States, specifically the Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, applied at a 30 km grid resolution, is used in conjunction with a 3-D radiative transfer parameterization covering a time period from 1 November 2007 to 31 May 2008, during which abundant snowfall occurred. A comparison of the 3-D WRF simulation with the observed snow water equivalent (SWE) and precipitation from Snowpack Telemetry (SNOTEL) sites shows reasonable agreement in terms of spatial patterns and daily and seasonal variability, although the simulation generally has a positive precipitation bias. We show that 3-D mountain features have a profound impact on the diurnal and monthly variation of surface radiative and heat fluxes, and on the consequent elevation-dependence of snowmelt and precipitation distributions. In particular, during the winter months, large deviations (3-D-PP, in which PP denotes the plane-parallel approach) of the monthly mean surface solar flux are found in the morning and afternoon hours due to shading effects for elevations below 2.5 km. During spring, positive deviations shift to the earlier morning. Over mountaintops higher than 3 km, positive deviations are found throughout the day, with the largest values of 40–60 W m−2 occurring at noon during the snowmelt season of April to May. The monthly SWE deviations averaged over the entire domain show an increase in lower elevations due to reduced snowmelt, which leads to a reduction in cumulative runoff. Over higher elevation areas, positive SWE deviations are found because of increased solar radiation available at the surface. Overall, this study shows that deviations of SWE due to 3-D radiation effects range from an increase of 18% at the lowest elevation range (1.5–2 km) to a decrease of 8% at the highest elevation range (above 3 km). Since lower elevation areas occupy larger fractions of the land surface, the net effect of 3-D radiative transfer is to extend snowmelt and snowmelt-driven runoff into the warm season. Because 60–90% of water resources originate from mountains worldwide, the aforementioned differences in simulated hydrology due solely to 3-D interactions between solar radiation and mountains/snow merit further investigation in order to understand the implications of modeling mountain water resources, and these resources' vulnerability to climate change and air pollution.
Assessment of GPS radiosonde descent data
Authors: Venkat Ratnam M. , Pravallika N. , Ravindra babu S. , Basha G. , Pramitha M. , Krishna Murthy B. V.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Radiosondes are widely used to obtain basic meteorological parameters such as pressure (P), temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and horizontal winds during the balloon ascent up to the altitude of balloon burst, usually ∼32–35 km. Data from the radiosondes released from Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), a tropical station in India, has been collected during the ascent and during the descent as well without attaching any parachute or its equivalent since the year 2008. In the present study an attempt has been made to characterize the radiosonde descent data with the main objective of exploring its usefulness and reliability for scientific purposes. We compared the data obtained during ascent and descent phases of the same sounding. The mean differences in T, RH and horizontal winds between ascent and descent data are found to be small and are sometimes even within the uncertainty of the measurements and/or expected diurnal variation itself. The very good consistency observed between the ascent and the descent data shows that one more profile of the meteorological parameters can be constructed within 3 h of time of balloon launch practically at no additional cost. Further checks are done by utilizing the 3 hourly radiosonde observations collected during the Tropical Tropopause Dynamics campaign conducted at Gadanki. In the process of checking the consistency between the radiosonde ascent and descent data, several new findings are arrived at and are reported in this study. In general, it has taken more than half-an-hour for the balloon to reach the ground from the burst altitude. It is also observed that the fall velocity is close to 10 m s−1 near the surface. Finally, it is suggested to record also the observations when the balloon is descending as this information is also useful for scientific purposes.
Rapid marine deglaciation: asynchronous retreat dynamics between the Irish Sea Ice Stream and terrestrial outlet glaciers
Authors: Patton H. , Hubbard A. , Bradwell T. , Glasser N. F. , Hambrey M. J. , Clark C. D.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Understanding the retreat behaviour of past marine-based ice sheets provides vital context for accurate assessments of the present stability and long-term response of contemporary polar ice sheets to climate and oceanic warming. Here new multibeam swath bathymetry data and sedimentological analysis are combined with high resolution ice-sheet modelling to reveal complex landform assemblages and process dynamics associated with deglaciation of the Celtic ice sheet within the Irish Sea Basin. Our reconstruction indicates a non-linear relationship between the rapidly receding Irish Sea Ice Stream and the retreat of outlet glaciers draining the adjacent, terrestrially based ice cap centred over Wales. Retreat of Welsh ice was episodic; superimposed over low-order oscillations of its margin are asynchronous outlet readvances driven by catchment-wide mass balance variations that are amplified through migration of the ice cap's main ice divide. Formation of large, linear ridges which extend at least 12.5 km offshore (locally known as sarns) and which dominate the regional bathymetry are attributed to repeated frontal and medial morainic deposition associated with the readvancing phases of these outlet glaciers. Our study provides new insight into ice-sheet extent, dynamics and non-linear retreat across a major palaeo-ice stream confluence zone, and has ramifications for the interpretation of recent fluctuations observed by satellites over short timescales across marine sectors of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.
Representation of climate extreme indices in the coupled atmosphere-land surface model ACCESS1.3b
Authors: Lorenz R. , Pitman A. J. , Donat M. G. , Hirsch A. L. , Kala J. , Kowalczyk E. A. , Law R. M. , Srbinovsky J.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Climate extremes, such as heat waves and heavy precipitation events, have large impacts on ecosystems and societies. Climate models provide useful tools to study underlying processes and amplifying effects associated with extremes. The Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS) has recently been coupled to the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange model. We examine how this model represents climate extremes derived by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices and compare them to observational datasets using the AMIP framework. We find that the patterns of extreme indices are generally well represented. Indices based on percentiles are particularly well represented and capture the trends over the last 60 yr shown by the observations remarkably well. The diurnal temperature range is underestimated, minimum temperatures (TMIN) during nights are generally too warm and daily maximum temperatures (TMAX) too low in the model. The number of consecutive wet days is overestimated while consecutive dry days are underestimated. The maximum consecutive 1 day precipitation amount is underestimated on the global scale. Biases in TMIN correlate well with biases in incoming longwave radiation, suggesting a relationship with biases in cloud cover. Biases in TMAX depend on biases in net shortwave radiation as well as evapotranspiration. The regions and season where the bias in evapotranspiration plays a role for the TMAX bias correspond to regions and seasons where soil moisture availability is limited. Our analysis provides the foundation for future experiments that will examine how land surface processes contribute to these systematic biases in the ACCESS modelling system.
The microwave emissivity variability of snow covered first-year sea ice from late winter to early summer: a model study
Authors: Willmes S. , Nicolaus M. , Haas C.
Published: December 2013

Abstract. Satellite observations of microwave brightness temperatures between 19 GHz and 85 GHz are the main data source for operational sea-ice monitoring. However, the sea ice microwave emissivity is subject to pronounced seasonal variations and shows significant hemispheric contrasts that mainly arise from differences in the rate and strength of snow metamorphism and melt. We use the thermodynamic snow model SNTHERM and the microwave emission model MEMLS to identify the contribution of regional patterns in atmospheric energy fluxes to surface emissivity variations on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice between 2000 and 2009. The obtained emissivity data reveal a pronounced seasonal cycle with a large regional variability. The emissivity variability increases from winter to early summer and is more pronounced in the Antarctic. In the pre-melt period (January–May, July–November) the variations in surface microwave emissivity due to diurnal, regional and inter-annual variability of atmospheric forcing reach up to 3.4%, 4.3%, and 9.7% for 19 GHz, 37 GHz and 85 GHz channels, respectively. Small but significant emissivity trends can be observed in the Weddell Sea during November and December as well as in Fram Strait during February. The obtained emissivity data lend themselves for an assessment of sea-ice concentration and snow-depth algorithm accuracies.
What a Difference a Disaster Makes: The Role of Vicarious Leadership Learning in Differential Responses to Post-Katrina Hurricanes
Authors: Phillips Antoinette , Nunenmacher Julie , Schnepf Bobbie , Phillips Carl , Cappel Sam
Published: December 2013

August 2005 and the ensuing months saw a natural disaster, Hurricane Katrina, and a leadership disaster surrounding governmental and institutional response to the storm’s aftermath. An event of such monumental proportions would predictably offer numerous challenges; however, the extent of the weaknesses in preparedness and response revealed by Katrina was nothing short of astounding. Lessons learned from this experience were quickly incorporated into many organizations’ planning, readiness, and response activities. This manuscript discusses salient aspects of less-than-optimal responses to Katrina’s effects and explores changes in and different programs for coordinating subsequent disaster response. Interestingly, many such changes were undertaken by units not directly impacted by or involved in Katrina’s aftermath. The authors propose the term “vicarious leadership learning” to describe this phenomenon. Examples from a variety of organizations are presented, and the benefits of vicarious leadership learning are discussed.
Editorial
Authors: Editores Os
Published: December 2013

Falta de informações sobre o meio físico, geografia, relevo, recursos minerais, vias de comunicação e sobre a população da Província de São Paulo. Esses fatores justificaram a criação da Comissão Geográfica e Geológica em 27 de março de 1886, responsável por levantamento pioneiro do Estado de São Paulo.
O estudo de processos geomorfológicos e a interpretação dos depósitos quaternários (conferência)
Authors: Ploey Jan De
Published: December 2013

Caros Colegas e Amigoso convite da Associação Brasileira de Estudos do Quaternário para proferir esta conferência constitui para mim uma experiência interessante, uma vez que há quase vinte anos não me dedico mais, diretamente, às pesquisas sobre o Quaternário. Proporcionou-me, ainda, a oportunidade de tentar estabelecer uma ponte entre os estudos atuais sobre processos geomorfológicos e os problemas encontrados pelos quaternaristas nas regiÕes tropicais, mais particularmente no Brasil. Limitar-me-ei essencialmente à erosão continental e farei referência a observações de campo feitas por mim na África e aqui no Brasil.
Conhecimento do aqüífero Botucatu na Cidade de Araraquara - SP
Authors: Piuci Jacyro , Diniz Hélio Nóbile
Published: December 2013

O Aqüífero Botucatu excede as demandas de abastecimento da Cidade de Araraquara, no Estado de São Paulo. Possui, em geral, águas com excelentes qualidades. Todavia, são necessários conhecimentos detalhados de suas características para embasarem concepções arrojadas de captações subsuperficiais, além de propiciarem subsídios que auxiliem no disciplinamento obrigatório do uso destas águas. Neste artigo são apresentados aspectos geológicos locais do aqüífero e alguns resultados relacionados às propriedades hidráulicas em seis poços existentes, através do método de JACOB (1940). No presente artigo questionam-se os números encontrados através deste método.
Considerações sobre domínios metálicos de Pb, Zn e F do Brasil
Authors: Silva Rubens Borges da
Published: December 2013

Através da utilização do método ponderal de ROUTHIER (1980), que é baseado no conceito de domínios metálicos, procedeu-se a uma análise-tentativa, enfocando delinear os principais domínios metálicos de Pb, Zn e F do Brasil. Dentro deste contexto, coletaram-se, na literatura geológica nacional, dados referentes a 114 mineralizações de Pb, Zn e F que se acham distribuídas por todo o território brasileiro. Os resultados obtidos através deste estudo reconhecem duas épocas metalogenéticas para Pb e Zn (Proterozóico Inferior e Superior) e três épocas metalogenéticas para o F (proterozóico Inferior, Proterozóico Superior e Mesozóico), bem como evidenciam que o potencial brasileiro para mineralizações econômicas de Pb e Zn é bastante modesto, enquanto que o potencial para F mostra-se bastante promissor, mormente na região sul-sudeste do Brasil.
Réformes du système de santé mentale. Tendances internationales et perspectives Québec-France
Authors: Fleury Marie-Josée , Acef Saïd
Published: December 2013

Cet article fait un survol des tendances internationales des réformes en cours en santé mentale. Il décrit les modèles et les stratégies déployés afin d’améliorer les dispositifs de soins. Pour illustrer les réformes en santé mentale par les exemples du Québec et de la France, l’article se base sur une recension des écrits et sur des recherches en cours sur l’organisation de ces services. Dans la dernière décennie, la consolidation des soins primaires, intégrant le déploiement de bonnes pratiques et une meilleure intégration des services, a été au coeur des transformations du système de santé mentale. Des défis importants d’implantation marquent néanmoins les réformes. L’article contribue à la réflexion sur la planification des services afin d’améliorer leur efficience et permettre le transfert des connaissances acquises au cours de ces transformations.
La mise en place du Plan d’action en santé mentale au Québec : l’expérience concrète de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont à Montréal
Authors: Bernazzani Odette , Rondeau Alain
Published: December 2013

Cet article présente la démarche de transformation du Programme de santé mentale de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont dans le cadre de la mise en place du Plan d’action en santé mentale du Québec. Cet article aborde, d’une part, les enjeux et défis rencontrés et, d’autre part, le modèle de soins et les choix privilégiés. Le cheminement parcouru dans cette démarche est présenté en trois sections spécifiques : 1- les principes directeurs qui sous-tendent le Plan d’action en santé mentale ; 2- le contexte du Programme de santé mentale de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont avant l’arrivée du Plan d’action et le virage que ce dernier entraîne ; 3- le processus évolutif de transformation des soins selon trois volets : a) les liens avec le guichet d’accès en santé mentale du territoire ; b) le soutien à la première ligne ; c) le traitement spécialisé des problématiques complexes en deuxième ligne avec une préoccupation pour la continuité des soins. En conclusion, cet article traite des limites de la présente démarche et des aspects jugés essentiels à la progression de la mise en place du Plan d’action en santé mentale au Québec.
Étude des modes d’organisation des équipes de première ligne en santé mentale jeunesse en Montérégie
Authors: Duclos Caroline , Lebeau Aimé , Guay Maryse
Published: December 2013

Cette étude qualitative s’intéresse aux modes d’organisation des équipes de première ligne en santé mentale jeunesse de la Montérégie. Cette région compte onze de ces équipes qui disposent de modalités de fonctionnement différentes et oeuvrant au sein de contextes diversifiés. La collecte des données a été effectuée en 2010 et 2011. L’étude décrit les pratiques actuelles selon la perspective des membres de ces équipes et les modalités de collaboration qu’elles ont préconisées avec leurs différents partenaires, un enjeu majeur lorsqu’une équipe oeuvre au sein d’un réseau intégré de services. Une taxonomie fut élaborée afin de mieux apprécier le potentiel d’amélioration et de faire ressortir des pistes tangibles tant pour les gestionnaires que pour les professionnels de ces équipes.
Services spécialisés en santé mentale pour les personnes de 60 ans et plus. Étude pilote de l’évaluation du processus
Authors: Nour Kareen , Hébert Marijo , Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Dallaire Bernadette , Wallach Isabelle , Moscovizt Nona , Regenstreif Alan , Billette Véronique
Published: December 2013

Au Québec, le Centre de santé et services sociaux (CSSS) Cavendish offre des services spécialisés destinés aux aînés avec des problèmes de santé mentale (SSSM 60+) (Nouret al., 2011a). Cet article décrit un segment ciblé de la population rejointe (50 % des usagers âgés recevant des SSSM 60+ ont été retenus en tenant compte des critères d’exclusion). Il présente le modèle de changements individuels liés aux services et explore les médiateurs psychosociaux qui influencent l’efficacité des services. Cette population vit avec diverses problématiques psychosociales, dont la principale est la présence de symptômes dépressifs de légers à modérés. Les services et les interventions réalisés par l’équipe spécialisée SSSM 60 + réussissent à augmenter significativement l’alliance thérapeutique et le sentiment d’appropriation du pouvoir (empowerment) chez cette clientèle. Prioriser ces concepts lors de la prestation de services semble une avenue à envisager.
Efficacité des programmes de modifications des habitudes de vie pour la gestion de poids des personnes avec des troubles psychiatriques
Authors: Bélanger Marie-Ève , Provencher Martin D. , Shriqui Christian
Published: December 2013

Un gain de poids significatif est associé à l’utilisation des antipsychotiques atypiques, des stabilisateurs de l’humeur et des antidépresseurs employés seuls ou en combinaison. Les personnes avec des troubles psychiatriques sont plus à risque de souffrir d’obésité et du syndrome métabolique que la population générale. Une approche prometteuse pour limiter les conséquences physiques et psychologiques du gain de poids est la modification des habitudes de vie. Nous avons révisé la littérature afin de détailler l’impact de ces programmes sur différentes mesures d’effet. Douze des dix-sept études recensées rapportent un impact significatif de leur programme sur le poids en comparaison des soins usuels généralement offerts aux personnes avec des troubles psychiatriques. L’importance de la mise en place de ces programmes pour les patients psychiatriques en externe est soulignée.
Le rôle des familles de personnes en situation d’itinérance et souffrant de troubles mentaux : un regard rétrospectif et prospectif des liens
Authors: Bonin Jean-Pierre , Lacasse-Bédard Joanie , Latimer Eric , Denis Véronique , Larue Caroline , Pelletier Jean-François , Goering Paula
Published: December 2013

Cet article s’intéresse à l’expérience des familles qui soutiennent un proche en situation d’itinérance et souffrant de troubles mentaux. Les auteurs explorent les types de soutien offerts par les familles ; ils examinent aussi les dimensions relationnelles et personnelles qui peuvent soutenir une redéfinition des rôles et une modulation du niveau de soutien. Utilisant un devis qualitatif, des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés auprès de 14 membres de familles. Les résultats indiquent que l’hébergement et l’aide financière sont les types de soutien les plus fréquemment interrompus alors que le soutien émotionnel et l’accompagnement social tendent davantage à perdurer. Le contrôle relationnel, l’émotivité et la perception du futur apparaissent comme des enjeux importants à l’initiation d’un processus de redéfinition des rôles.
Effets de la Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) sur le stress et les symptômes associés dans un contexte industriel : une étude-pilote contrôlée et randomisée
Authors: Strub Lionel , Tarquinio Cyril
Published: December 2013

L’article fait état de l’application d’un programme-pilote s’inscrivant dans la lignée des interventions de prévention secondaire qui s’emploient à réduire la gravité des symptômes de stress. Développée à partir du protocole MBCT conçu pour prévenir la rechute dépressive, sa spécificité réside dans l’adaptation de son matériel didactique qui repose sur le triptyque méditation de pleine conscience-cognition-psychoéducation à l’objet du stress professionnel. La transposition du modèle princeps a fait l’objet d’une recherche expérimentale randomisée et contrôlée sur une population non clinique en milieu industriel dans le but d’évaluer l’effet dudit programme sur le stress et les symptômes associés. Les résultats suggèrent des apports préliminaires quant aux bénéfices générés sur la santé psychique d’un groupe de travailleurs.
La cothérapie en psychologie clinique interculturelle
Authors: Pocreau Jean-Bernard , Martins-Borges Lucienne
Published: December 2013

De nombreux praticiens en psychothérapie systémique ont reconnu la pertinence de la cothérapie, modèle d’intervention qui implique au moins deux professionnels. La psychologie interculturelle et l’ethnopsychiatrie se sont inspirées de ses principes en l’adaptant au contexte interculturel. L’objectif est de présenter le fonctionnement de la cothérapie en psychologie interculturelle telle que développée au Service d’aide psychologique spécialisée aux immigrants et réfugiés (SAPSIR). Ce dispositif facilite le travail psychique autour des deuils et de l’identité, problématiques importantes chez le migrant. Toutefois, la pratique ethnopsychiatrique ne peut être réduite à l’application de techniques ou à l’ajustement de certaines modalités qui tiendraient simplement compte de la culture ; elle suppose une façon particulière d’être en relation avec l’Autre, avec soi-même et avec ses « savoirs ».
The Electric Hare
Authors: Toms David
Published: December 2013

To date, the sport of greyhound racing has received little attention in the broader literature of sports history. Building on the existing literature this article provides an overview of greyhound racing in Ireland from 1927 to 1958 when the semi-state body, Bord na gCon, was established to run the sport. There was much more to greyhound racing than just business and bureaucracy of course. This popularity enjoyed by the sport in Ireland highlights the importance of greyhound racing as a social occasion and as a form of popular entertainment. This aspect of the sport will also be considered as a central part of our understanding of its history in the period.
Finite Difference Solution of the Falkner—Skan Wedge Flow Equation
Authors: Han S.
Published: December 2013

A simple numerical method for the solution of the Falkner–Skan boundary layer flow is presented. A third-order ordinary differential equation is recast into two ordinary differential equations, one first order and the other second order. Finite difference approximations of both equations are sequentially solved iteratively with any arbitrary initial conditions. Numerical solutions were found to be in good agreement with published data over a wide range of wedge flows.
Pseudowork and Real Work for a Car
Authors: Kaufman Richard
Published: December 2013

We consider a constantly accelerating car as well as a control volume consisting of the car without the wheels. The work done on this system is by an external force from the drive wheel, which has a small mass relative to the car, on the axle. We show that this external force is approximately equal to the external frictional force at the bottom of the tire, where it is not applied through any distance, and so no real work is done. The amount of work done by the external force at the axle of the wheel-less car is approximately equal to the value of the pseudowork for the full car (including wheels). The mass of the drive wheel plays an important role in the full energy equation of the wheel-less system, since rotational and kinetic energies are imparted to the wheel, and the overall change in energy of the wheel-less system is negative.
Dispersion and Time Integration Schemes in Finite-Element Analysis — A Practical Pictorial Manual
Authors: Okrouhlik Miloslav
Published: December 2013

Using a simple physical model, i.e. propagation of stress waves in a thin elastic rod, we can show how the equivalent finite-element (FE) model can be treated by various methods (the central difference method, and the Newmark and Houbolt methods) to secure numerical integration in time and what differences, with respect to an ideal continuum model, can be expected. The FE histories of displacements, velocities, accelerations and strains, presented in pictorial form, are compared with those in an idealized elastic continuum. Differences due to time and space discretizations are shown and explained. Matlab programs are available at http://www.it.cas.cz/files/u1784/mtl.zip . Readers (especially novice finite-element users) are urged to modify the input parameters, observe the invoked changes and try to understand why and how they arise.
Undergraduate Aeroelasticity: The Typical Section Idealization Re-Examined
Authors: Dennis Scott T.
Published: December 2013

A simple typical section approach to aircraft wing bending-torsion divergence and flutter is presented. The approach can be used to illustrate the significant effects of wing sweep and material orthotropy in response to either steady or a simplified unsteady aerodynamic loading. This paper proposes that the typical section model, despite its well known deficiencies as a predictive tool, is appropriate as a learning device at the undergraduate level. The influences of wing sweep, material orthotropy and aerodynamic damping can be sequentially introduced with the aid of a single model. Indeed, the typical section approach outlined herein can be the unifying model that complements existing textbook presentations. Divergence and flutter velocities for a graphite-epoxy wing configuration are shown; the solution spans all angles of sweep and fiber orientations. Further, the approach is implemented in an MS Excel spreadsheet. The graphical user interface uses a notional wing geometry to aid in illustration and visualization during class or during individual study. The velocity root locus is plotted in real time based on 13 user inputs.
Decoding neural responses to temporal cues for sound localization
Authors: Goodman Dan FM , Benichoux Victor , Brette Romain
Published: December 2013

The activity of sensory neural populations carries information about the environment. This may be extracted from neural activity using different strategies. In the auditory brainstem, a recent theory proposes that sound location in the horizontal plane is decoded from the relative summed activity of two populations in each hemisphere, whereas earlier theories hypothesized that the location was decoded from the identity of the most active cells. We tested the performance of various decoders of neural responses in increasingly complex acoustical situations, including spectrum variations, noise, and sound diffraction. We demonstrate that there is insufficient information in the pooled activity of each hemisphere to estimate sound direction in a reliable way consistent with behavior, whereas robust estimates can be obtained from neural activity by taking into account the heterogeneous tuning of cells. These estimates can still be obtained when only contralateral neural responses are used, consistently with unilateral lesion studies.
A novel site comes into sight
Authors: Wang Yu , McMahon Andrew P
Published: December 2013

Oxysterols modulate the Hedgehog signalling pathway by binding a novel site on the membrane protein Smoothened, which may offer new options for the treatment of cancers linked to this pathway.
Disruptive influence
Authors: Cossu Giulio , Moreno-Fortuny Artal , Roostalu Urmas
Published: December 2013

Cachexia, a condition that kills about one-fifth of cancer patients, may be linked to Rb—a protein that is already linked to various cancers—moving from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Great Lakes Water Levels Bounce Back After Record Lows
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: December 2013

Water levels in the Great Lakes have rebounded dramatically from historic lows in December 2012 and January 2013, though the levels still remain lower than average in some of the lakes, scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said during a 20 November briefing. The low lake levels had hampered shipping and other commercial and recreational uses of the waterways.
Addressing Three Fallacies About Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Atwood Don , Garron Jessica
Published: December 2013

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has long been recognized as a valuable tool for real‐time environmental analysis and understanding of the Earth's geophysical properties. With its ability to see through clouds and to image day and night in all seasons, it can provide high‐resolution data when optical sensors cannot. This capability has enabled SAR scientists to delineate flooding events, assess earthquake damage, map forest fires, rescue trapped icebreakers, and identify the extent of oil spills.
AGU Publications: Improvements for Authors and Readers
Authors: Hanson Brooks
Published: December 2013

AGU has introduced several new features aimed at simplifying and improving the submission of papers to AGU journals. Enhanced PDF and HTML formats and new journal home pages developed with our publishing partner, Wiley, will also provide improvements for readers. In previous issues of Eos, we provided broader overviews of AGU publications, including the transition to Wiley and open access (Eos, 94(30), 264–266, doi:10.1002/2013EO300009; Eos, 94(39), 345, doi:10.1002/2013EO390006).
Updated AGU GeoCalendar Launched
Authors: Treby Jill
Published: December 2013

The AGU Geophysical Year Calendar, a longtime column in Eos that lists upcoming events of importance to the geoscience community, received an update with the recent refresh of AGU's website, http://www.agu.org. Now called the AGU GeoCalendar, it features improved search screens and the ability to print results (See AGU GeoCalendar, page 475).