bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollando un comité de ética de investigación: el caso del sistema de salud de manaus
Authors: Montefusco-Pereira Carlos Victor , Almeida Rodrigues Nora Ney , Teixeira Cardoso Ademarina , Da Costa Castro Fátima Maria
Published: October 2015

 La creciente complejidad de la investigación biomédica con seres humanos genera muchos conflictos éticos que se suman a la dificultad de cumplir con todos los requisitos impuestos por una legislación en bioética. La Secretaría Municipal de Salud de Manaus (MHCO, en inglés), en el la Región Norte de Brasil, ya tenía un intercambio con universidades locales que no era gestionado por ningún sector en específico, por lo que los proyectos de investigación se autorizaban sin análisis de viabilidad o relevancia y sin ningún seguimiento de acciones dentro del sistema de salud local. En 2008, la MHCO creó la Comisión de Ética de la Investigación (RECO, en inglés). Entonces, ¿constituye la MHCO un campo para la investigación? Hay que decir que sí en el sentido de que, del sistema local de salud, parten temas y servicios que caracterizan por completo a la salud y a la ciudad en sí. Entre 2008 y 2011, el total de proyectos presentados para trabajar dentro de los establecimientos de salud asciende a 282, relacionados con trabajos de pregrado y postgrado. La MHCO representa una acción del gobierno local para supervisar las actividades de investigación en el sistema local de salud y, al mismo tiempo, atrae la atención de los empleados públicos como investigadores de su propio entorno laboral. Dicha acción contribuye a identificar problemas a nivel interno y revela la forma en que la sociedad de Manaus ve al sistema de salud. Articulo de reflexión.

 
Las directivas anticipadas en América Latina. un análisis ético a partir del caso argentino
Authors: Barutta Joaquín , Vollmann Jochen
Published: October 2015

En años recientes, las directivas anticipadas (DAs) han sido incorporadas de manera creciente en las sociedades latinoamericanas como un instrumento que permite a los pacientes especificar el modo en que desearían ser tratados en caso de que no sean competentes. El objetivo principal de estos instrumentos es, por lo tanto, incrementar el respeto por la autonomía de los pacientes. No obstante, es importante para ello conocer la experiencia que arrojaron las DAs en otros países, para poder diseñar así la mejor manera de implementarlas. Igualmente importante es identificar posibles facilitadores y barreras que pudiera ofrecer el contexto latinoamericano para llevar a cabo dicho proyecto. En este artículo se analiza la evolución de las DAs en los Estados Unidos, se concentra especialmente en las dificultades que surgieron a lo largo de este proceso, y que se deben fundamentalmente a un abordaje excesivamente individualista del proceso de toma de decisiones. En contraste con ello, se argumenta que el rol importante que desempeñan generalmente las familias, u otras personas cercanas al paciente, en las sociedades Latinoamericanas ofrece condiciones favorables para lograr un abordaje más relacional, capaz de superar los problemas del modelo individualista. Sin embargo, se argumenta también que se necesitan esfuerzos importantes para mejorar la calidad de la relación médico-paciente-familia. En particular, la superación de las acciones paternalistas todavía ejercidas por algunos médicos, frecuentemente en conjunto con los familiares, constituye una condición necesaria para la implementación de las DAs.
Análisis Bioético desde la perspectiva de VR Potter a los discursos de Álvaro Uribe Vélez, relacionados con la implementación de la producción de biocombustibles en Colombia.
Authors: Wilches Flórez Ángela María
Published: October 2015

En Colombia durante las últimas décadas se ha implementado la producción de biocombustibles como una alternativa a la utilización de combustibles fósiles, se busca que nuestro país se convierta en uno de los primeros productores, razón por la cual el gobierno ha trabajado lo necesario para lograrlo. Uno de los principales promotores del desarrollo de los biocombustibles en Colombia ha sido el expresidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez, es por ello que en este trabajo se hace un análisis desde la perspectiva de la bioética de Van Rensselaer Potter a discursos pronunciados por el expresidente durante su mandato, con el fin de elucidar si se encuentran posturas bioéticas. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizó la metodología del análisis del discurso, encontrándose que en los planteamientos de Uribe Vélez sí se encuentran posturas bioéticas, aunque también se perciben contradicciones frente al manejo que da al concepto de naturaleza.
Educación secundaria auténtica: el abordaje de los temas transversales desde una perspectiva bioética. El caso de la transformación curricular en la Provincia de Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Ferreyra Horacio Ademar
Published: October 2015

El abordaje de los temas transversales desde una perspectiva bioética en el marco de una educación auténtica hace parte de los retos más importantes para los sistemas educativos. Por ello en este artículo presentamos algunas reflexiones sobre cuestiones vinculadas con la relación entre desarrollo humano, aprendizaje y enseñanza de dichas temáticas en el contexto de la educación secundaria.
Desarrollo humano y calidad de vida en Latinoamérica: Espacio público y ciudadanía en perspectiva ética
Authors: Hamburger Fernández Álvaro Andrés
Published: October 2015

El desarrollo humano y la calidad de vida de una sociedad se manifiestan de muchas maneras. Sin embargo, estos aspectos siempre están asociados a la plena realización y expresión de la vida comunitaria, de la vida en sociedad y, en tal medida, se hacen evidentes en la concreción de valores tales como la inclusión, la participación, la solidaridad y la equidad. En tal sentido, en este artículo se define y caracteriza la ética cívica y se la propone como un espacio de reflexión y de acción a partir del cual es posible reconstruir y expresar más adecuadamente las categorías de espacio público y ciudadanía en Latinoamérica. Como sabemos, históricamente nuestra región se ha caracterizado por presentar altos niveles de exclusión de los sectores populares en todo lo que atañe a la vida política, económica y social; situación que ha llevado a que un gran porcentaje de la población (especialmente originarios, afros y mujeres) no haya podido acceder apropiada ni suficientemente a los beneficios de la ciudadanía y de la democracia como expresiones de lo público. De esta manera, en este escrito se afirma que la ética cívica contiene los referentes teórico-prácticos que harían posible la reordenación y la reconfiguración de la sociedad latinoamericana, de tal suerte que los valores inherentes a la vida comunitaria garanticen la convivencia y el equilibrio propios de las culturas auténticamente democráticas y humanamente desarrolladas.
Ley, jurisprudencia y eutanasia. Introducción al estudio de la normatividad comparada a la luz del caso colombiano.
Authors: Guerra Yolanda M.
Published: October 2015

Este artículo trata el tema de la eutanasia, como resultado de una investigación de carácter documental comparativo en el cual se analizan las legislaciones, así como la historia de la eutanasia con el fin de procurar arrojar luces a un enredo jurídico, por supuesto bioético, que se presenta en Colombia, en donde la normatividad (artículos 106 y 107 del Código Penal) sanciona con prisión el suicidio asistido, así como la eutanasia; y la jurisprudencia (Sentencia C- 239-97) lo despenaliza. Los subtemas que trata el artículo son: introducción, mapa de eutanasia en el mundo, definiciones, dilemas éticos del final de la vida, historia, eutanasia en Colombia, antecedentes de la sentencia C- 239/97; la práctica colombiana, la sentencia, Derecho comparado, casos relevantes de eutanasia y conclusiones.
El vacío jurídico actualmente existente en Colombia ha llevado a generar incertidumbre en la práctica de la eutanasia (activa, pasiva, distanasia, ortotanasia, suicidio asistido y eugenesia). En una investigación realizada por la autora, las entidades que en Colombia propenden por una muerte “digna” manifiestan que no cuentan con estadísticas sobre las eutanasias practicadas después de que saliera la sentencia en comento, hace más de 16 años; ello debido a que temen que sea el Código Penal el que prima por encima de una jurisprudencia que no tiene la misma fuerza vinculante, porque pueden observarse consecuencias negativas (prisión) para quien ejerza la eutanasia en Colombia. El país está inmerso en un mar de confusión en lo atinente a eutanasia, causado principalmente por el conflicto de intereses y de poderes que la sentencia que lo despenaliza ha causado. ¿Qué hacer? ¿Qué elementos deben tenerse en cuenta en cada caso? Este artículo espera hacer un aporte académico y humano sobre el asunto planteado.
Aproximación al desplazamiento forzado por la violencia
Authors: Gámez Gutiérrez Jorge
Published: October 2015

El conflicto interno de Colombia que abarca el último medio siglo ha generado diversas violaciones de los derechos humanos; casi el 10% de la población ha sido desplazada de sus lugares de vivienda con graves consecuencias económicas y sociales. En algún momento el desplazado cambiará su condición, empero, las pérdidas para el país son incalculables. La Corte Constitucional ha proferido sentencias que reconocen la responsabilidad del Estado y le obliga a reparar hasta donde es posible- a las Personas en Situación de Desplazamiento PSD, situación que se asume desde varios enfoques. Este artículo, derivado de una investigación del doctorado de la Universidad de Nebrija, España, describe los tipos de migración y diferencia entre refugiados y desplazados, presenta una aproximación teórica al fenómeno del desplazamiento, cómo la violencia ha desarraigado a campesinos y minorías étnicas, y muestra algunas cifras y las formas como el Estado atiende esta crisis humanitaria.
Heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters in cowpea genotypes
Authors: Pandey Bhawna , Singh Y. V.
Published: October 2015

Fifteen F1 hybrids obtained by crossing 6 diverse parental lines of cowpea through diallel excluding reciprocals method was studied to investigate the extent of heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters during kharif, 2007 and springsummer, 2008 season. Among the various components pods per plant and seeds per pods are important factor contributing to yield. IT-97K-1042 and IT-93K-452 were observed to be the top performing parents for total seed yield per plant. The crosses IT-97K-1042 X IT-98K-1111 and IT-97K-1042 X Pusa Komal were best heterotic crosses for seed yield and other characters.
Screening of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] accessions against pulse-beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)
Authors: Tripathi Kuldeep , Chauhan Sumit Kumar , Gore Padmawati G. , Prasad T. V. , Srinivasan Kalyani , Bhalla Shashi
Published: October 2015

A total of 52 accessions of cowpea including two checks (Pusa Komal and Local variety) were screened for resistance to pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis under no-choice artificial infestation conditions. There were significant differences among the accessions in terms of number of eggs laid, development period, adult emergence, number of emergence holes, weight loss and growth index of C. chinensis on cowpea. Based on growth indices, Pusa Komal (0.04081) and IC328859 (0.04112) were resistant while IC106033 (0.06819) and Local variety (0.06816) were most susceptible to C. chinensis. Of the 52 accessions screeened, 11 accessions were resistant, 15 moderately resistant, 13 moderately susceptible, 8 susceptible and 5 were highly susceptible to C. chinensis. Correlation between growth index and growth parameters of pulse beetle on different cowpea accessions indicated that growth index had significant negative relationship with mean development period (r = -0.68) and significant positive relationship with adult emergence(r = +0.80). Adult emergence had a positive relationship with weight loss (r = +0.22).
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield attributes and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L) cv. Rachna
Authors: Qureshi Fozia , Bashir Uzma , Ali Tahir
Published: October 2015

A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season 2004-05 in a sandy clay loam soil to study the effect of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure and bio-fertilizers on growth, yield attributes and yield of field pea (Pisum Sativum L). It was observed that with increasing levels of inorganic fertilizers increased growth, yield and yield attributing characters. Farm yard manure @ 20 t ha−1 and Rhizobium inoculation significantly increased the plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, root length (cm), pod per plant, pod length (cm), seed per pod, test weight, dry matter production, seed and stover yield over control.
Crisis Dialogue for Acute Psychotic State and Ethical Difficulties: What Do You Do When Trials Are Interrupted Because Clinicians Find the Intervention Too Effective?
Authors: Graz Bertrand , Bangerter Gilles , Stantzos Alexia , Grivois Henri
Published: October 2015

Clinical studies carry with them a paradox: The more obviously efficient an intervention is, the more ethical problems its trials pose. This article discusses the ethical problem of breached equipoise principle because of the perceived effectiveness of a nonblindable verbal technique, crisis dialogue (CD). CD is designed to help establish a therapeutic relationship with persons in a suspected psychotic state. In a pilot randomized controlled study in Yverdon, Switzerland (usual treatment vs. usual treatment + CD), after inclusion of 30 patients, clinicians expressed a consensual opinion that CD was effective in most cases. Following their opinion, the joint clinical and research team decided that the study had to be discontinued and that CD should be tried with all patients for ethical reasons. This poses an ethical problem with potential far-reaching consequences: In this interrupted study, differences between groups in terms of clinical outcome (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression), therapeutic alliance (Working Alliance Inventory, Difficult Doctor–Patient Relationship Questionnaire), and patient satisfaction were consistent in favoring CD, but these differences did not reach statistical significance in most measurements. The early interruption of the study because of perceived effectiveness of the intervention can be seen as unethical as well because chances were high that a larger sample would have shown more conclusive results, allowing for faster introduction of CD in various clinical settings with corresponding improvement of patient care.
Preconception Health Education and Website Development for College Students
Authors: Baron Kathleen A. , Kehinde Julius O. , Al-Khudairi Amanda
Published: October 2015

Preconception health care focuses on the health of the female throughout her life. Health indicators (overweight, nonuse of a multivitamin, smoking, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy) have a potentially negative influence on maternal and neonatal health during pregnancy, delivery, and beyond and are increasing among college students, who are sometimes unaware that they are using information from unreliable websites. We developed preconception health information appropriate for female college students and evaluated a website designed to deliver the information. Feedback from experts in the field was used to develop web content. Evaluation of the website was done through direct e-mail sent to 102 students, of which 62% responded. Most participants were unmarried females. This project showed that it is feasible to develop an effective, evidence-based preconception health education website for college students through the collaboration of a nurse practitioner–led interdisciplinary team. Recommendations for the future are to add graphics and to increase usability of disabled persons to the site.
Vestibular Schwannoma in an Elderly Patient Presenting With Tinnitus and Vertigo
Authors: Lee Seatbyul D.
Published: October 2015

The vestibular schwannoma (VS), previously known as acoustic neuroma, is a benign tumor that originated from the edge of the Schwann’s sheath of the eighth cranial nerve. It is considered the most frequently diagnosed intracranial benign tumor, of low lethality rate, and unknown etiology. Because of improvement of diagnostic tests and widespread use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan, the prevalence of diagnosed acoustic neuroma has increased. Current studies suggest rate may be higher considering undiagnosed asymptomatic patients and incidental findings on radiological examinations in older adults. The etiology of VS is still unclear, and investigations for risk factors are limited. Symptoms at presentation can vary from asymptomatic to complete hearing loss. Medical management can include a “wait and watch” approach, surgical resection, or radiation therapy. The decision depends on the patient’s age at identification, tumor size, severity of symptoms, patient’s preference, and other medical conditions.
Improving Evidence-Based Asthma Management in an Urban University Student Health Center
Authors: Swanson Hedian , Alpert Patricia T. , Moonie Sheniz , VanBeuge Susan
Published: October 2015

Objective: This project assessed for improvement of asthma management through focused staff education and training based on national asthma guideline recommendations. Participants: The health care providers and staff at a university student health center. Methods: performed annual reviews of asthma-related electronic medical records to measure changes in provider practices. The reviews used 23 quality improvement parameters extracted from the 2007 National Asthma Education and Preventive Program Expert Panel Report 3 (NAEPP EPR 3). Results: Demonstrated statistically significant improvement from both the baseline review and the spring 2011 review. Staff education was effective for improving asthma diagnosis and management. Conclusion: Findings from this study confirm current thinking that asthma control is often overestimated and undertreated. This project demonstrated the need for (a) ongoing education on the national guidelines for improved evidence-based asthma management and (b) periodic measurement of changes in asthma care.
Building the Next Generation of Advanced Practice Nurses Through Clinical Education and Faculty Practice: Three International Perspectives
Authors: Scanlon Andrew , Smolowitz Janice , Honig Judy , Barnes Katie
Published: October 2015

Aims and Objectives: This article aims to provide an overview of the history of advanced practice nursing, including regulation, education, and faculty practice of nurse practitioners/advanced practice nurses from Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Background: Clinical nursing education has evolved from the apprenticeship model to the multiple learning methods that are employed today. The faculty practice model has the most promise and maybe the new frontier to achieve excellence in clinical education. Design: Discursive paper. Methods: Advanced practice nursing clinical education will be discussed, current trends presented, and future educational directions considered. The essential characteristics of an effective clinical educator and the ideal context for clinical education will be highlighted with the goal of educating for clinical excellence. Contemporary practices of a nurse practitioner regulation and education will be examined. Conclusions: Faculty practice in advanced practice nursing requires critical elements, which include role modeling, financial sustainability, teaching credibility, translation of research to practice, and clinical expertise. Challenges to a functional context include conflicting regulatory issues, limited scope of practice, external agency restrictions, and lack of institutional support. Relevance to clinical practice: It is essential to understand the ideal characteristics and context for effective advanced practice clinical education and identify specific challenges within each country’s functional contexts that prevent effective advanced practice clinical education. Strategies to address these current challenges and to enhance clinical excellence to maximize the effectiveness of advanced practice nursing education.
Steady-state time-periodic finite element analysis of a brushless DC motor drive considering motion
Authors: Jagieła Mariusz , Gwoźdź Janusz
Published: October 2015

This paper aims at providing a framework for comprehensive steady-state time-domain analysis of rotating machines considering motion. The steady-state waveforms of electromagnetic and circuit quantities are computed via iterative solution of the nonlinear field-circuit-and-motion problem with constraints of time periodicity. The cases with forced speed and forced load torque are considered. A comparison of execution times with a conventional time-stepping transient model is carried out for two different machines. The numerical stability of a time-periodic model with forced speed is shown to be worse than that of traditional transient time-stepping one, although the model converges within a reasonable number of iterations. This is not the case if forced load via equation of mechanical balance is accounted for. To ensure convergence of the iterative process the physical equation of motion is replaced by the fixed-point equation. In this way the model delivers time-periodic solutions regarding not only the electromagnetic quantities but also the rotational speed.
Sequential changes in Rotterdam CT scores related to outcomes for patients with traumatic brain injury who undergo decompressive craniectomy
Authors: Fujimoto Kenji , Miura Masaki , Otsuka Tadahiro , Kuratsu Jun-ichi
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

Rotterdam CT scoring is a CT classification system for grouping patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on multiple CT characteristics. This retrospective study aimed to determine the relationship between initial or preoperative Rotterdam CT scores and TBI prognosis after decompressive craniectomy (DC).

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all consecutive patients who underwent DC for nonpenetrating TBI in 2 hospitals from January 2006 through December 2013. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to determine the relationship between initial or preoperative Rotterdam CT scores and mortality at 30 days or Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores at least 3 months after the time of injury. Unfavorable outcomes were GOS Scores 1–3 and favorable outcomes were GOS Scores 4 and 5.

RESULTS

A total of 48 cases involving patients who underwent DC for TBI were included in this study. Univariate analyses showed that initial Rotterdam CT scores were significantly associated with mortality and both initial and preoperative Rotterdam CT scores were significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for established predictors of TBI outcomes showed that initial Rotterdam CT scores were significantly associated with mortality (OR 4.98, 95% CI 1.40–17.78, p = 0.01) and unfavorable outcomes (OR 3.66, 95% CI 1.29–10.39, p = 0.02) and preoperative Rotterdam CT scores were significantly associated with unfavorable outcomes (OR 15.29, 95% CI 2.50–93.53, p = 0.003). ROC curve analyses showed cutoff values for the initial Rotterdam CT score of 5.5 (area under the curve [AUC] 0.74, 95% CI 0.59–0.90, p = 0.009, sensitivity 50.0%, and specificity 88.2%) for mortality and 4.5 (AUC 0.71, 95% CI 0.56–0.86, p = 0.02, sensitivity 62.5%, and specificity 75.0%) for an unfavorable outcome and a cutoff value for the preoperative Rotterdam CT score of 4.5 (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.69–0.94, p < 0.001, sensitivity 90.6%, and specificity 56.2%) for an unfavorable outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

Assessment of changes in Rotterdam CT scores over time may serve as a prognostic indicator in TBI and can help determine which patients require DC.
Initial experience with dual-lumen balloon catheter injection for preoperative Onyx embolization of skull base paragangliomas
Authors: Ladner Travis R. , He Lucy , Davis Brandon J. , Yang George L. , Wanna George B. , Mocco J
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

Paragangliomas are highly vascular head and neck tumors for which preoperative embolization is often considered to facilitate resection. The authors evaluated their initial experience using a dual-lumen balloon to facilitate preoperative embolization in 5 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative transarterial Onyx embolization assisted by the Scepter dual-lumen balloon catheter between 2012 and 2014.

OBJECT

The authors reviewed the demographic and clinical records of 5 patients who underwent Scepter-assisted Onyx embolization of a paraganglioma followed by resection between 2012 and 2014. Descriptive statistics of clinical outcomes were assessed.

RESULTS

Five patients (4 with a jugular and 1 with a vagal paraganglioma) were identified. Three paragangliomas were embolized in a single session, and each of the other 2 were completed in 3 staged sessions. The mean volume of Onyx used was 14.3 ml (range 6–30 ml). Twenty-seven vessels were selectively catheterized for embolization. All patients required selective embolization via multiple vessels. Two patients required sacrifice of parent vessels (1 petrocavernous internal carotid artery and 1 vertebral artery) after successful balloon test occlusion. One patient underwent embolization with Onyx-18 alone, 2 with Onyx-34 alone, and 1 with Onyx-18 and −34. In each case, migration of Onyx was achieved within the tumor parenchyma. The mean time between embolization and resection was 3.8 days (range 1–8 days). Gross-total resection was achieved in 3 (60%) patients, and the other 2 patients had minimal residual tumor. The mean estimated blood loss during the resections was 556 ml (range 200–850 ml). The mean postoperative hematocrit level change was −17.3%. Two patients required blood transfusions. One patient, who underwent extensive tumor penetration with Onyx, developed a temporary partial cranial nerve VII palsy that resolved to House-Brackmann Grade I (out of VI) at the 6-month follow-up. One patient experienced improvement in existing facial nerve weakness after embolization.

CONCLUSIONS

Scepter catheter-based Onyx embolization seems to be safe and effective. It was associated with excellent distal tumor vasculature penetration and holds promise as an adjunct to conventional transarterial Onyx embolization of paragangliomas. However, the ease of tumor penetration should encourage caution in practitioners who may be able to effect comparable improvement in blood loss with more conservative proximal Onyx penetration.
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging-guided frameless stereotactic brain biopsy: technical note
Authors: Mohyeldin Ahmed , Lonser Russell R. , Elder J. Bradley
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

The object of this study was to assess the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of real-time MRI-compatible frameless stereotactic brain biopsy.

METHODS

Clinical, imaging, and histological data in consecutive patients who underwent stereotactic brain biopsy using a frameless real-time MRI system were analyzed.

RESULTS

Five consecutive patients (4 males, 1 female) were included in this study. The mean age at biopsy was 45.8 years (range 29–60 years). Real-time MRI permitted concurrent display of the biopsy cannula trajectory and tip during placement at the target. The mean target depth of biopsied lesions was 71.3 mm (range 60.4–80.4 mm). Targeting accuracy analysis revealed a mean radial error of 1.3 ± 1.1 mm (mean ± standard deviation), mean depth error of 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, and a mean absolute tip error of 1.5 ± 1.1 mm. There was no correlation between target depth and absolute tip error (Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, r = 0.22). All biopsy cannulae were placed at the target with a single penetration and resulted in a diagnostic specimen in all cases. Histopathological evaluation of biopsy samples revealed dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (1 case), breast carcinoma (1 case), and glioblastoma multiforme (3 cases).

CONCLUSIONS

The ability to place a biopsy cannula under real-time imaging guidance permits on-the-fly alterations in the cannula trajectory and/or tip placement. Real-time imaging during MRI-guided brain biopsy provides precise safe targeting of brain lesions.
Allograft versus autograft for pediatric posterior cervical and occipito-cervical fusion: a systematic review of factors affecting fusion rates
Authors: Reintjes Stephen L. , Amankwah Ernest K. , Rodriguez Luis F. , Carey Carolyn C. , Tuite Gerald F.
Published: October 2015

OBJECT

Fusion rates are high for children undergoing posterior cervical fusion (PCF) and occipito-cervical fusion (OCF). Autologous bone has been widely used as the graft material of choice, despite the risk of donor-site morbidity associated with harvesting the bone, possibly because very low fusion rates were reported with posterior allograft cervical fusions in children several decades ago. Higher overall fusion rates using allograft in adults, associated with improvements in internal fixation techniques and the availability of osteoinductive substances such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), have led to heightened enthusiasm for the use of bank bone during pediatric PCF. A systematic review was performed to study factors associated with successful bone fusion, including the type of bone graft used.

METHODS

The authors performed a comprehensive PubMed search of English-language articles pertaining to PCF and OCF in patients less than 18 years old. Of the 561 abstracts selected, 148 articles were reviewed, resulting in 60 articles that had sufficient detail to be included in the analysis. A meta-regression analysis was performed to determine if and how age, fusion technique, levels fused, fusion substrate, BMP use, postoperative bracing, and radiographic fusion criteria were related to the pooled prevalence estimates. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement.

RESULTS

A total of 604 patients met the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall fusion rate was 93%, with a mean age of 9.3 years and mean follow-up of 38.7 months. A total of 539 patients had fusion with autograft (94% fusion rate) and 65 patients with allograft (80% fusion rate). Multivariate meta-regression analysis showed that higher fusion rates were associated with OCF compared with fusions that excluded the occiput (p < 0.001), with the use of autograft instead of allograft (p < 0.001), and with the use of CT to define fusion instead of plain radiography alone. The type of internal fixation, the use of BMP, patient age, and the duration of follow-up were not found to be associated with fusion rates in the multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Fusion rates for PCF are high, with higher rates of fusion seen when autograft is used as the bone substrate and when the occiput is included in the fusion construct. Further study of the use of allograft as a viable alternative to autograft bone fusion is warranted because limited data are available regarding the use of allograft in combination with more rigid internal fixation techniques and osteoinductive substances, both of which may enhance fusion rates with allograft.
Growth and dry matter partitioning in selected soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes
Authors: Khan MSA , Karim MA , Haque MM , Karim AJMS , Mian MAK
Published: October 2015

The experiment was conducted at the experimental site of Agronomy Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur during the period from January to June 2011 to evaluate twenty selected soybean genotypes in respect of growth, dry matter production and yield. Genotypic variations in plant height, leaf area index, dry matter and its distribution, crop growth rate and seed yield were observed. The plant height ranged from 40.33 to 63.17 cm, leaf area index varied from 3.01 to 8.13 at 75 days after emergence, total dry matter ranged from 12.25 to 24.71 g per plant at 90 days after emergence (DAE). The seed yield ranged from 1745 to 3640 kg per hectare. The genotypes BGM 02093, BD 2329, BD 2340, BD 2336, Galarsum, BD 2331 and G00015 yielded 3825, 3447, 3573, 3737, 3115, 3542 and 3762 kg per hectare, respectively and gave higher than others contributed by higher crop growth rate with maximum number of filled pods. Seed yield of soybean was positively related to total dry matter at 45 DAE (Y = 632.19 + 659.31X, R2= 0.46) and 60 DAE (Y= 95.335 + 405.53X, R2 = 0.48). The filled pods per plant had good relationship with seed yield (Y = 1397 + 41.85X, R2 = 0.41) than other components.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 333-345, September 2015
Brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestation in relation to plant age and season
Authors: Mannan MA , Islam KS , Jahan M
Published: October 2015

Brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestation varied significantly in relation to plant age and season. The peak shoot infestation was 8.56% in the 10th week of transplanting. No infestation of BSFB was found up to 5 weeks of transplanting. The shoot infestation was initiated in the 6th week of transplanting which increased to a little higher level in the next week. Then it showed an exponential increase of shoot infestation up to 10th week after which it declined steadily. Flowering and fruit setting started in the 9th week of transplanting. Infestation of brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) shifted to fruits from shoots causing a steady declined in the trend of shoot infestation. Plant age had significant effect (r2=0.87) on fruit infestation. The fruit infestation reached the highest level (38.56%) in 14th week of transplanting. However, the level of infestation at different ages of the plant may vary depending on the location, temperature, variety etc. The shoots and fruits of brinjal plant were found to be infested by BSFB throughout the year, although the level of infestation varied. Maximum shoot and fruit infestation was found in the month of September.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 399-407, September 2015
Profitability of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) cultivation in some selected sites of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam QMS , Matin MA , Rashid MA , Hoq MS , Moniruzzaman -
Published: October 2015

The study was conducted in four betel leaf growing areas, namely Barisal, Chittagong, Rajshahi and Kustia district during 2013-14 to assess the cultivation practices, physical productivity, profitability, and to explore the constraints to betel leaf cultivation. The study has been designed to investigate the economics of betel leaf production considering intensive cultivated areas for recent information in Bangladesh. From each district, two upazilas were selected considering the concentration of betel leaf growers and easy access. Also from each upazila, two blocks and from each block 20 farmers were selected with the consultation of Upazila Agriculture Officer and Sub Assistant Agriculture Officer. The study revealed that betel leaf cultivation was profitable in the study areas, although BCR in the first and second years was below one which was due to high initial cost. The highest yield and gross return of betel leaf cultivation were in the fifth year. The benefit cost ratio was found highest in 6-10 year followed by 5th and 11-15 year. The benefit cost ratio at 12%, 15% and 20% rate of interest were 1.27, 1.25 and 1.21 respectively. Internal rate of return (IRR) was calculated 62% in current situation, IRR 37% was found by 10% decrease of return and 39% by 10% increase of cost. The problems like leaf rot disease, high price of boroj materials, low price of betel leaf, high price of oilcake, etc. were facing by the betel leaf farmers.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 409-420, September 2015
Variability and heritability analysis in spring wheat (Triricum aestivum L .) Genotypes
Authors: Amin MF , Hasan M , Barma NCD , Rahman MM , Hasan MM
Published: October 2015

The experiment was carried out with 50 wheat lines to study their intergenotypic variability, heritability, GCV, PCV, genetic advance, and CV percent considering 14 morphological characters at the experimental field of Regional Wheat Research Centre RWRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during November 2010 to March 2010. Significant variation was observed among the genotypes for all characters studied. High GCV and PCV values were observed for grain filling duration, grain filling rate, and seed yield. High heritability along with higher genetic advance was observed for DTH, DTA, DPM, GFD, GFR, PHT, CHLA, spikelets/spk., and yield kg/ha. The remaining traits showed lower heritability coupled with low genetic advance in percent of mean. Considering variability among the genotypes, heritability, genetic advance, percent co-efficient of variation, and field performances, the genotypes G 3, G 10, G 11, G 12, G13, G 21, G 29, G 35, G 38, G 40, G 46 and G 48 were found suitable for future breeding programme.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 435-450, September 2015
Larvicidal efficacy of some indigenous plant extracts against epilachna beetle, epilachna vigintioctopunctata (FAB.) (coleoptera: coccinellidae)
Authors: Ara R , Bachchu MAA , Kulsum MO , Sarker ZI
Published: October 2015

The study was carried out to assess the larvicidal efficacies of some indigenous plant seed extracts against epilachna beetle, Epilachna vigintioctopunctata in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, HSTU, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Petroleum ether and methanol solvent extracts of ata (Annona squamosa), neem (Azadirachta indica), dhutura (Datura metel) and castor (Ricinus communis) seeds were evaluated for their larvicidal properties against the larval stage of E. vigintioctopunctata. The result revealed that all the tested plant extracts had more or less insecticidal effect against the larvae and their progeny. Among the plant extracts, ata seed extract in methanol solvent performed the highest toxicity (LD50 value 0.031 mg/insect) in larval stage after 72 hours exposure time. The effects of the extracts on fecundity, fertility and F1 adult emergence of the epilachna beetle at doses 4.0, 2.0 and 1.0 ml/l of water including untreated control were also evaluated. The result indicated that, among the extracts, ata seed extract at maximum dose (4.0 ml/l water) showed the highest efficacy with the inhibition of total eggs (74.1%), viable eggs (80.4%) and number of emergent adult progeny (87.3%). The result also revealed that the number of eggs, number of viable eggs and F1 progeny production decreased with the increase of doses. All the treated doses effectively reduced the epilachna beetle as compared to untreated control.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 451-463, September 2015
Effect of planting dates on the yield of broccoli genotypes
Authors: Hafiz MA , Biswas A , Zakaria M , Hassan J , Ivy NA
Published: October 2015

This experiment was conducted during September, 2011 to March, 2012 in the experimental field of Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur to find out the effect of planting date on the yield of broccoli genotypes. There were five genotypes viz. Early green, Forest green, Green calabrese, Premium crop and Green king and four planting dates viz. 2 October, 27 October, 21 November and 16 December. The treatment effects were statistically analyzed and found significant in most of the characters studied. Genotype Green calabrese was the highest in average plant height (53.70 cm). Green king produced the maximum spread diameter (69.23 cm), stem diameter (30.35 mm) and early initiation of floral head. Genotype Early green performed the best regarding head weight (343.87 g), yield per plant (477.4 g) and yield (19.10 t/ha). Broccoli planted on 21 November initiated early flower head, maximum head diameter (16.99 cm), head weight (314.49 g), yield per plant (453.64 g) and total yield (18.15 t/ha). The genotype Early green planted on 21 November showed the best performance in yield per plant (580.17 g) and yield hectare (23.21 t/ha).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 465-478, September 2015
Variability, correlation and path analysis in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata L.)
Authors: Sultana S , Kawochar MA , Naznin S , Siddika A , Mahmud F
Published: October 2015

Twenty one genotypes of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata L.) were evaluated to measure the variability among the genotypes for several characters, estimate genetic parameters, association among the characters and their contribution to yield. There was a great deal of significant variation for all the characters among the genotypes. High variability was observed in number of female flowers/plant, number of male flowers/plant, single fruit weight and fruit yield/plant. All the characters except days to first male flowering and days to first female flowering showed high heritability along with high genetic advance in percent of mean. The positive and strong association of number of female flowers/plant (rg=0.918, rp=0.839), number of male flowers/plant (rg=0.687, rp=0.638), fruit length (rg=0.691, rp= 0.520), fruit breadth (rg=0.518, rp=0.420) and single fruit weight (rg=0.492, rp= 0.431) with fruit yield/plant revealed the importance of these characters in determining fruit yield/plant. On the other hand, days to first male flowering (rg = -0.623, rp = -0.550) and days to first female flowering (rg= - 0.689, rp= -0.543) correlated significantly and negatively with fruit yield/plant. The path co-efficient analysis revealed that the highest positive direct effect was recorded in number of female flowers (0.887) to fruit yield and high direct effect was found in case of days to first female flowering (0.798). Fruit breadth was observed to have the highest positive indirect effect (0.899). In case of fruit length (0.381) and single fruit weight (0.398), the significant positive correlation with fruit yield/plant was observed because of the combination of the direct and indirect effects of fruit length and single fruit weight to fruit yield/plant. Overall, the results indicated that days to first female flowering, number of female flowers, fruit length, fruit breadth and single fruit weight can be used as useful selection criteria to increase fruit yield/plant in pumpkin.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 479-489, September 2015
Effect of sowing date and plant spacing on seed production of cauliflower
Authors: Hossain MF , Ara N , Uddin MR , Islam MR , Azam MG
Published: October 2015

The experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Ishurdi, Pabna during rabi season of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to find out the appropriate sowing date and optimum plant spacing for seed production of cauliflower (var. BARI Phulcopi-1). Four sowing dates viz. 20 September, 1 October, 10 October and 20 October and three plant spacing viz. 60 cm × 50 cm, 60 cm × 60 cm and 60 cm × 70 cm were used as treatment variables. Significant variation in seed yield and yield contributing characters of cauliflower were observed due to execution of different sowing dates and plant spacing. Number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1 and number of seeds pod-1 showed the highest in 1 October sowing as a result the highest seed yield (361.69 kgha-1) was obtained from same date of sowing. Sowing on 10 October and 20 October reduced seed yield drastically compared to that obtained from 1 October sowing. The lowest seed yield (188.54 kgha-1) was obtained from 20 October sowing. On the contrary, closer spacing (60 cm × 50 cm) produced the highest seed yield (315.88 kgha-1) and the wider spacing (60 cm × 70 cm) produced the lowest seed yield (254.07 kgha-1). However, combination of 1 October sowing with 60 cm × 50 cm plant spacing produced the highest seed yield (414.81 kgha-1) due to higher number of seeds pod-1. The seed yield decreased after 10 October sowing irrespective of plant spacing. So, early sowing (1 October) with closer spacing (60 cm× 50 cm) would be economically profitable for cauliflower seed production in North-Western part of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 491-500, September 2015
Medical Conditions Related to Ischemic And Haemorrhagic Stroke: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Murad , Sardar Md Hafiz , Hasan ATM Hasibul , Bari Mohammad Anwarul , Hossain Syed Zakir , Nabi Golam
Published: October 2015

Objective: To evaluate the distribution of common medical conditions related to stroke among Bangladeshi patients.Methods: This is an observational study. It involved 336 stroke patients from different medicine words in Dhaka Medical College Hospital over a period of twelve months. We evaluated some common established medical conditions observed among stroke patients e.g. age, sex, family history, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, smoking, obesity, dyslipidaemia, alcoholism, use of oral contraceptive pill, lack of fresh fruit consumption etc. A predesigned check list was used for data collection.Result: Among the 336 patients, Most of the stroke events occurred after the age of forty (82.3%) and the ischemic stroke (72%) being the most common. Other than the non modifiable risk factors (advancing age, sex, Family history of stroke) hypertension was the most common factor found in relation to stroke patients (57.6%) followed by smoking (44.6%), tobacco use (24.3%), OCP use in female (40% of female stroke), diabetes (23%), ischemic heart disease (17.1%), obesity (10.6%) and dyslipidaemia (5.3%).Conclusion: Stroke is common after the age of forty. Ischemic events are commonest type of stroke. Hypertension, smoking, diabetes, tobacco use, and ischemic heart disease were five most common conditions related to stroke.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.2, October, 2014, Page 167-174
Dorsal Onlay Buccal Mucosal Graft Urethroplasty for Bulbar Urethral Stricture- Experience Of 20 Cases
Authors: Al Asad Hafiz , Bhuiyan AKM Musa , Islam Md Nazmul , Karmaker Uttam , Chowdhury Md Shafiqul Alam , Saha Prodyut Kumar , Hossain AKM Shahadat , MahbubAlam SM
Published: October 2015

Objective: To assess the success of buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty by the dorsal onlay technique in bulbar urethral stricture.Materials and Methods: FromJuly 2008 to June 2010, twenty patients with anterior urethral strictures weremanaged by dorsal onlay BMG urethroplasty. After voiding trial, they were followed up at 3 weeksand 3 months with history, physical examination, uroflowmetryand retrograde urethrogram (RGU) if required. Patients were furtherfollowed-up at 3 months interval with uroflowmetry and retrograde urethrogram (RGU) if required. Successfuloutcome was defined as normal voiding with no surgical intervention after catheter removal.Results: Mean stricture length was 3.5 ± 0.8 cm and mean follow up was 12 months (range 6 to 24 months). Twopatients were found to develop stricture at anastomotic site, during followup and required optical internal urethrotomy and was considered as failure.One patient developed wound infection which resolved after regular dressing. Success rate was 90%.Conclusion: Dorsal onlay BMG urethroplasty is a simple technique with good surgical outcome.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.2, October, 2014, Page 175-178