bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theorising TikTok cultures: Neuro-images in the era of short videos
Authors: Lin Jian , Swart Joëlle , Zeng Guohua
Published: October 2023

Instead of viewing TikTok as a platform, in this article we borrow Dutch film theorist Patricia Pisters’s concept of neuro-images to approach TikTok as a cultural form that is deeply participatory, platform contingent, and algorithmically engraved. In the co-production between algorithms and users, TikTok becomes an enormous database and generates personalised narratives about individuals and the world onto and through its ‘brain-screen’ interfaces, which simulate our conscious and unconscious mind, and actualise the idea of creativity based on repetition. TikTok thus enables a quasi-automated cinema, whose non-stopping filming of everyday lives does not seek to reduce desires and tastes into a singular and coherent structure, but instead uncovers, releases and contains them in its vast database and interfaces, leading to a fluid and modulating categorisation of identities. It is within this quasi-automated, deeply participatory digital cinema that TikTok constitutes neuro-images, producing a distinctive experience of time, and unpredictable and unstable futures.
Calcium food sources in primary school children with low calcium intakes in Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Cheow Yi Qi , Arasu Kanimolli , Wong Soon Yee , Khaw Kooi Yeong , Chong Chun Wie , Weaver Connie M , Chee Winnie Siew Swee
Published: October 2023

Background: Adequate calcium intake at an early age is crucial to achieving peak bone mass. Nevertheless, low calcium intake is common in Malaysian children. Aim: This study examined the calcium food sources and factors associated with low calcium intake among 243 children aged 9–11 years in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: Diet histories and bone density were measured. Results: The mean calcium intake was 370 ± 187 mg/day. The main contributors to calcium intake were beverages (19.2%), cereal (18.6%), milk and dairy (13.0%), meat and poultry (12.9%), and fish and seafood (10.1%). Within each food group, calcium-contributing foods tend to be from low bioavailability sources such as rice, cocoa-based and malted drinks, and chicken rather than milk. Children who practised regular meals, ate breakfast and snacks and consumed milk more than one serving daily have a higher calcium intake. Conclusion: In conclusion, public health strategies to improve the status of low calcium intake and poor choices of calcium-rich foods are needed to optimise bone health in this population.
Generating impactful situated explanations through digital trace data
Authors: Grisold Thomas , Kremser Waldemar , Mendling Jan , Recker Jan , vom Brocke Jan , Wurm Bastian
Published: October 2023

Progressively, information systems (IS) researchers draw on digital trace data to capture the emergent dynamics of today’s digitalized world. Digital trace data enable researchers to generate highly context-specific insights into the features and dynamics of socio-technical phenomena. We suggest how IS researchers can use digital trace data to develop situated explanations, that is, explanations that capture the idiosyncratic features of real-world problems in order to generate impactful solutions to these problems. We outline five key principles to build situated explanations based on digital trace data. We make several suggestions on how the information system field can adjust its research and publication practices to embrace the development and dissemination of situated explanations.
Effect and mechanisms of resveratrol in animal models of ischemic stroke: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: López-Morales Mikahela A , Castelló-Ruiz María , Burguete María C , Hervás David , Pérez-Pinzón Miguel A , Salom Juan B
Published: October 2023

Resveratrol (RSV) holds promise as cerebroprotective treatment in cerebral ischemia. This systematic review aims to assess the effects and mechanisms of RSV in animal models of ischemic stroke. We searched Medline, Embase and Web of Science to identify 75 and 57 eligible rodent studies for qualitative and quantitative syntheses, respectively. Range of evidence met 10 of 13 STAIR criteria. Median (Q1, Q3) quality score was 7 (5, 8) on the CAMARADES 15-item checklist. Bayesian meta-analysis showed SMD estimates (95% CI) favoring RSV: infarct size (−1.72 [−2.03; −1.41]), edema size (−1.61 [−2.24; −0.98]), BBB impairment (−1.85 [−2.54; −1.19]), neurofunctional impairment (−1.60 [−1.92; −1.29]), and motor performance (1.39 [0.64; 2.08]); and less probably neuronal survival (0.63 [−1.40; 2.48]) and apoptosis (−0.96 [−2.87; 1.02]). Species (rat vs mouse) was associated to a larger benefit. Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness of the estimates. Reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis underlie these effects. Our results quantitatively state the beneficial effects of RSV on structural and functional outcomes in rodent stroke models, update the evidence on the mechanisms of action, and provide an exhaustive list of targeted signaling pathways. Current evidence highlights the need for conducting further high-quality preclinical research to better inform clinical research.
Investigation of Non-Equilibrium and Dynamic Behavior of Soil Water Characteristic Curves through Field Monitoring
Authors: Ahmed Asif , Alam Md Jobair Bin , Madanayake Sachini , Gupta Niloy
Published: October 2023

In this paper, soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) were reconstructed through simultaneous field measurement of soil water content and suction value. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether field-based monitoring could capture the different SWCC paths in various seasons. Moreover, field measurement of SWCC makes it possible to quantify the hysteresis phenomenon, analyzes the effect of various temporal resolutions on SWCC, and highlights the differences in reconstructed SWCC for the same soil during various weather conditions. Field data from one expansive subgrade site in Texas, USA were collected through moisture and suction sensors over a 3-year monitoring period. Analyzing the rainfall and evapotranspiration data, three distinct wetting and drying cycles were identified which allowed correct discrimination of the cycles. The pattern of changes in SWCC was identified in the various wetting and drying cycles. While the field data was fitted through the Van Genuchten equation, variations of the unsaturated soil parameters ( α, n, m) were identified in various cycles. Air entry value indicator parameter α ranged from 0.05 to 0.11 kPa−1 while the slope of the SWCC curve parameter n value varied from 1.1 to 1.45. Comparing these results with previous studies, it was concluded that wetting and drying cycle parameters do not have any predefined correlation. However, these unsaturated parameters required for numerical modeling are dependent on the climatic events happening year-round.
A Book Review of the 4th Edition of Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice by Janie B. Butts and Karen L. Rich (2022). Jones & Bartlett Learning
Authors: Reed Pamela G.
Published: October 2023

This is a review of the 4th edition of Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice by Butts and Rich and colleagues (2022). This book consists of 26 chapters, divided into five parts that address metatheoretical background, followed by content on a breadth of selected interdisciplinary and nursing theories, models, and philosophies relevant to teaching master’s and doctoral level nursing students, particularly those in advanced practice academic programs.
Evaluation of the Psychoeducation Program Given to Behcet’s Patients in the Context of the Roy Adaptation Model
Authors: Erdoğan Nermin , Öz Fatma
Published: October 2023

The physical, social, and psychological effects of Behcet’s disease necessitate the person’s adaptation in many areas. This study was conducted to examine the effect of psychoeducation provided to people living with Behcet’s disease in the context of the Roy adaptation model on illness adjustment, dyadic adjustment, self-esteem, and psychiatric symptoms. The study was quasi-experimental. The study was with 70 patients with Behcet’s disease: 35 patients were in the intervention group and the same number in the control group. The data of the study were collected using the Adaptation to Chronic Illness Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Brief Symptom Inventory. A seven-session psychoeducation program was provided to the intervention group. After the psychoeducation program, adaptation to illness increased significantly and psychiatric symptoms decreased significantly in the intervention group compared with the control group ( P < .05).
Co-Creating Socio-Culturally-Appropriate Virtual Geriatric Care for Older Adults Living With HIV: A Community-Based Participatory, Intersectional Protocol
Authors: Kokorelias Kristina M. , Wasilewski Marina B. , Flanagan Ashley , Zhabokritsky Alice , Singh Hardeep , Dove Erica , Eaton Andrew D. , Valentine Dean , Sheppard Christine L. , Abdelhalim Reham , Parpia Rabea , Zewude Rahel , Jamieson Laura , Grosse Anna , Walmsley Sharon , Brown Paige , Sirisegaram Luxey
Published: October 2023

The aging cohort of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Canada has reached a critical point, with nearly half now 50 years age or older. Older persons living with HIV have specific needs which can be effectively addressed by geriatric specialists. However, the recognition of HIV care as a domain of geriatrics is recent, resulting in a lack of clinical recommendations and modern care models for delivering geriatric care to this population. Virtual care has been demonstrated to reduce existing barriers to accessing HIV care in some populations but before it can be adapted to geriatric HIV care a critical first step is to acknowledge and understand disparities in socioeconomic circumstances, technology access and ability and cultural differences in experiences. This protocol marks the initial step in a comprehensive program of research aimed at co-designing, implementing, and evaluating culturally-appropriate virtual geriatric care for diverse older adults living with HIV. The study employs qualitative methods with older adults living with HIV to lay the groundwork, to inform the future development of a virtual model of geriatric care. We will explore the perspectives of diverse groups of older persons with HIV on (1) The value and necessity of culturally-tailored virtual interventions for geriatric HIV care; and (2) Recommendations on how best to engage older persons with HIV in the future co-design of a virtual model of geriatric HIV care. Ultimately, a more culturally-appropriate approach to care will foster a more inclusive and supportive healthcare system for all individuals affected by HIV including those who are aging. Researchers can utilize this research protocol to employ qualitative co-design and participatory methods with diverse older adults living with HIV.
Research on extraction method of new type of train control system operation scenario elements in special environments
Authors: Huang Penghui , Yuan Lei , Wei Guodong
Published: October 2023

At present, the construction of high-speed railway in the western region has become one of the key points in China. However, the existing train control systems do not adapt to the environment. So a new type of train control system (TCS-NT) is proposed. However, for TCS-NT, the definition and content of its operating scenarios are not clear, and the construction of operating scenarios is mostly involves subjective analysis. It faces problems such as a lack of a comprehensive operating environment analysis method, a method for selecting scenario elements for varying test requirements, and inexplicable design choices. In this paper, the Operational Design Domain (ODD) and a key element extraction method for simulation scenarios are proposed to analyze the operational environment of the TCS-NT. Using this method, the impact of each scenario element on the sub-functions is sequentially analyzed in the tracking operation scenario of the TCS-NT. According to the influence on each sub-function, a mapping equation is constructed for the three-dimensional plane comprising element, structure, and function, and scenario elements are extracted using the discriminant matrix. In this paper, the method is used to analyze the operation scenario in the train tracking scene, and the feasibility of the method is verified.
Lost to follow-up of patients who received intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy to treat four different retina disorders in an individual center in Brazil
Authors: Takahashi Vitor Kazuo Lotto , Balbino Marcos , Ruppert Aline Domingos Pinto , de Carvalho Lais Soares , Seixas Regina Cele Silveira
Published: October 2023

Objectives:

To identify risk factors for loss to follow-up in periodic intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for the treatment patients with diabetic macular edema, subretinal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, and retinal vein occlusion in a single eye center in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods:

This was a retrospective longitudinal study that gathered information from 992 patients who required intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs over 6 months. The authors included age, eye disease, laterality, monthly income, distance, and payment mode as risk factors.

Results:

Two hundred and seventy patients (29.93%) were lost to follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed age, monthly income, eye involvement, and type of medical assistance independently associated with loss to follow-up. The odds of loss to follow-up were greater among older patients than those less than 50 years (reference), p < 0.001. The odds of loss to follow-up were greater among patients who received unilateral treatment than those who received bilateral injections ( p = 0.013). Concerning gross monthly income, there were no differences in the odds of the four salary strata; the data also indicate an absence of difference in the three strata of patients’ distance to the clinic. Considering the diagnosis, only age-related macular degeneration showed greater odds of loss to follow-up ( p = 0.016). Finally, the data suggest greater odds of loss to follow-up in private patients than in those on a health care plan ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Loss to follow-up is paramount because many patients may remain unassisted concerning their eye diseases. Identifying the risk factors is crucial to enforcing measures to increase adherence and the long-term success of the treatment.
Sustainable Leadership, Knowledge Sharing, and Frugal Innovation: The Moderating Role of Organizational Innovation Climate
Authors: Tian Hong , Wang Ao
Published: October 2023

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between sustainable leadership styles and frugal innovation in SMEs in the Chinese context. We also investigate the role of knowledge sharing as a mediator in the relationship between SL-FI. Furthermore, this study introduces the situational variable organizational innovation climate to explore its moderating role between KS-FI. The data were collected from corporate employees of SMEs in China’s manufacturing and service industries, with a 67.7% response rate on the questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested in this study using SmartPLS 4.0.8.7, and the empirical findings of this study revealed that sustainable leadership positively affects frugal innovation, with the knowledge-sharing process serving as a partial mediating effect. In addition, the results revealed that a higher level of organizational innovation climate will result in a higher effect of knowledge sharing on frugal innovation. The results of the current study provide insights and empirical evidence on the importance of frugal innovation in emerging markets and the ability to improve firms’ frugal innovation through leadership practices and knowledge resources. The current study provides a new contribution as it links sustainable leadership, knowledge sharing, and frugal innovation in the context of China as an emerging country. The research findings contribute to expanding the literature in the area of leadership styles and innovation, and provide practical insights for policymakers, entrepreneurs, and others in developing countries and emerging market SMEs.
Headache and sleep quality in mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Martin Alejandro Herrero San , Gonzalez Cristina Dominguez , Conejo Montserrat Morales , Salas Maria Elena Hernández , Gallego Jesús Hernández
Published: October 2023

Objective:

Describe the characteristics and prevalence of headache in patients with mitochondrial diseases (MDs), as well as sleep quality, trying to observe possible associations. To assess whether these patients are more likely to suffer headaches in relation to poorer quality of sleep.

Background:

Sleep disorders and headache are considered to be common in MDs. We present the largest sample analyzed to date.

Methods:

Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study that analyzed a database of 232 patients with MDs, including age, sex, genotype, phenotype, presence and characteristics of headache. All patients fulfilled the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and, in migraine, the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire (MIDAS). Headache was divided into two groups: migraine headache, according to criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III beta), and non-migraine headache.

Results:

A total of 203 cases were analyzed, 124 women (61%) and 79 men (39%). Average age was 46 years. Most frequent DNA mutation was m.3243 A > G in MITL1 gene (33%). Most frequent phenotype was MELAS syndrome: 28 patients (13.8%). Ninety-two patients (45.3%), reported headache, 44 fulfilling migraine criteria (21.7%). Headache was more frequent in MELAS syndrome ( p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences were found in the number of disabling episodes per month in patients with migraine ( p < 0.001). Patients with headache scored higher in Epworth ( p = 0.01) and Pittsburgh scales ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

A higher prevalence of migraine is observed in patients with mitochondrial diseases, independent of genotype and phenotype. MD-associated migraine tends to be chronic and more disabling. A higher frequency of headache, not specifically migraine, has also been observed in patients with MELAS syndrome. Mitochondrial dysfunction could be one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine and a factor of chronification and severity. Poor sleep quality could also be associated with headache in patients with MDs. Assessment of headache and sleep disturbances should be part of the routine workup of patients with mitochondrial disease.

Trial registration:

N/A.
Development and usability testing of a fully immersive VR simulation for REBOA training
Authors: Birrenbach T. , Wespi R. , Hautz W. E. , Berger J. , Schwab P. R. , Papagiannakis G. , Exadaktylos A. K. , Sauter T. C.
Published: October 2023

Background

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a potentially life-saving procedure for bleeding trauma patients. Being a rare and complex procedure performed in extreme situations, repetitive training of REBOA teams is critical. Evidence-based guidelines on how to train REBOA are missing, although simulation-based training has been shown to be effective but can be costly and complex. We aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptance of REBOA training using a fully immersive virtual reality (VR) REBOA simulation, as well as assess the confidence in conducting the REBOA procedure before and after the training.

Methods

Prospective feasibility pilot study of prehospital emergency physicians and paramedics in Bern, Switzerland, from November 2020 until March 2021. Baseline characteristics of trainees, prior training and experience in REBOA and with VR, variables of media use (usability: system usability scale, immersion/presence: Slater-Usoh-Steed, workload: NASA-TLX, user satisfaction: USEQ) as well as confidence prior and after VR training were accessed.

Results

REBOA training in VR was found to be feasible without relevant VR-specific side-effects. Usability (SUS median 77.5, IQR 71.3–85) and sense of presence and immersion (Slater-Usoh-Steed median 4.8, IQR 3.8–5.5) were good, the workload without under-nor overstraining (NASA-TLX median 39, IQR 32.8–50.2) and user satisfaction high (USEQ median 26, IQR 23–29). Confidence of trainees in conducting REBOA increased significantly after training (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Procedural training of the REBOA procedure in immersive virtual reality is possible with a good acceptance and high usability. REBOA VR training can be an important part of a training curriculum, with the virtual reality-specific advantages of a time- and instructor-independent learning.
Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in depression of the putative nociceptive response in spinal cord preparations isolated from neonatal rats
Authors: Tsuzawa Kayo , Onimaru Hiroshi , Inagaki Katsunori , Izumizaki Masahiko
Published: October 2023

A metabolite of acetaminophen, AM404, which is an anandamide transporter inhibitor, induces analgesia mainly via activation of transient receptor potential channel 1 in the spinal cord, although the role of cannabinoid receptors remains to be studied. The ventral root reflex response induced by stimulation of the dorsal root in in vitro preparations of rat spinal cord is useful to assess the effect of analgesics. We analyzed the effects of AM404 and cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 on reflex responses in lumbar spinal cord preparations from newborn rats and found that the amplitude of the slow ventral root potential after administration of 10 µM AM404 was not significantly changed, whereas 10 µM AM251 significantly increased the amplitude. Administration of the cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist WIN55,212-2 (10 µM) did not significantly affect the reflex response. We suggest that endogenous cannabinoids in the spinal cord are involved in the antinociceptive mechanism through suppressive effects.
IL-33 priming and antigenic stimulation synergistically promote the transcription of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes in human skin mast cells
Authors: Gao Junfeng , Li Yapeng , Guan Xiaoyu , Mohammed Zahraa , Gomez Gregorio , Hui Yvonne , Zhao Dianzheng , Oskeritzian Carole A. , Huang Hua
Published: October 2023

Background

Antigenic stimulation through cross-linking the IgE receptor and epithelial cell-derived cytokine IL-33 are potent stimuli of mast cell (MC) activation. Moreover, IL-33 primes a variety of cell types, including MCs to respond more vigorously to external stimuli. However, target genes induced by the combined IL-33 priming and antigenic stimulation have not been investigated in human skin mast cells (HSMCs) in a genome-wide manner. Furthermore, epigenetic changes induced by the combined IL-33 priming and antigenic stimulation have not been evaluated.

Results

We found that IL-33 priming of HSMCs enhanced their capacity to promote transcriptional synergy of the IL1B and CXCL8 genes by 16- and 3-fold, respectively, in response to combined IL-33 and antigen stimulation compared to without IL-33 priming. We identified the target genes in IL-33-primed HSMCs in response to the combined IL-33 and antigenic stimulation using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). We found that the majority of genes synergistically upregulated in the IL-33-primed HSMCs in response to the combined IL-33 and antigenic stimulation were predominantly proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes. Moreover, the combined IL-33 priming and antigenic stimulation increase chromatin accessibility in the synergy target genes but not synergistically. Transcription factor binding motif analysis revealed more binding sites for NF-κB, AP-1, GABPA, and RAP1 in the induced or increased chromatin accessible regions of the synergy target genes.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates that IL-33 priming greatly potentiates MCs’ ability to transcribe proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes in response to antigenic stimulation, shining light on how epithelial cell-derived cytokine IL-33 can cause exacerbation of skin MC-mediated allergic inflammation.
Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of genes exhibit allele-specific imprinting in maize embryo and endosperm
Authors: Dong Xiaomei , Luo Haishan , Bi Wenjing , Chen Hanyu , Yu Shuai , Zhang Xiaoyu , Dai Yuxin , Cheng Xipeng , Xing Yupeng , Fan Xiaoqin , Zhu Yanbin , Guo Yanling , Meng Dexuan
Published: October 2023

Background

Genomic imprinting refers to a subset of genes that are expressed from only one parental allele during seed development in plants. Studies on genomic imprinting have revealed that intraspecific variations in genomic imprinting expression exist in naturally genetic varieties. However, there have been few studies on the functional analysis of allele-specific imprinted genes.

Results

Here, we generated three reciprocal crosses among the B73, Mo17 and CAU5 inbred lines. Based on the transcriptome-wide analysis of allele-specific expression using RNA sequencing technology, 305 allele-specific imprinting genes (ASIGs) were identified in embryos, and 655 ASIGs were identified in endosperms from three maize F1 hybrids. Of these ASIGs, most did not show consistent maternal or paternal bias between the same tissue from different hybrids or different tissues from one hybrid cross. By gene ontology (GO) analysis, five and eight categories of GO exhibited significantly higher functional enrichments for ASIGs identified in embryo and endosperm, respectively. These functional categories indicated that ASIGs are involved in intercellular nutrient transport, signaling pathways, and transcriptional regulation of kernel development. Finally, the mutation and overexpression of one ASIG (Zm305) affected the length and width of the kernel.

Conclusion

In this study, our data will be helpful in gaining further knowledge of genes exhibiting allele-specific imprinting patterns in seeds. The gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes of ASIGs associated with agronomically important seed traits provide compelling evidence for ASIGs as crucial targets to optimize seed traits in crop plants.
Effect of raw electroencephalogram-guided anesthesia administration on postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing abdominal major surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: He Ziqing , Zhang Hao , Xing Yahui , Liu Jia , Gao Yang , Gu Erwei , Zhang Lei , Chen Lijian
Published: October 2023

Background

EEG monitoring techniques are receiving increasing clinical attention as a common method of reflecting the depth of sedation in the perioperative period. The influence of depth of sedation indices such as the bispectral index (BIS) generated by the processed electroencephalogram (pEEG) machine to guide the management of anesthetic depth of sedation on postoperative outcome remains controversial. This research was designed to decide whether an anesthetic agent exposure determined by raw electroencephalogram (rEEG) can influence anesthetic management and cause different EEG patterns and affect various patient outcomes.

Methods

A total of 141 participants aged ≥ 60 years undergoing abdominal major surgery were randomized to rEEG-guided anesthesia or routine care group. The rEEG-guided anesthesia group had propofol titrated to keep the rEEG waveform at the C-D sedation depth during surgery, while in the routine care group the anesthetist was masked to the patient’s rEEG waveform and guided the anesthetic management only through clinical experience. The primary outcome was the presence of postoperative complications, the secondary outcomes included intraoperative anesthetic management and different EEG patterns.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence of postoperative respiratory, circulatory, neurological and gastrointestinal complications. Further EEG analysis revealed that lower frontal alpha power was significantly associated with a higher incidence of POD, and that rEEG-guidance not only reduced the duration of deeper anesthesia in patients with lower frontal alpha power, but also allowed patients with higher frontal alpha power to receive deeper and more appropriate depths of anesthesia than in the routine care group.

Conclusions

In elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, rEEG-guided anesthesia did not reduce the incidence of postoperative respiratory, circulatory, neurological and gastrointestinal complications. rEEG-guided anesthesia management reduced the duration of intraoperative BS in patients and the duration of over-deep sedation in patients with lower frontal alpha waves under anesthesia, and there was a strong association between lower frontal alpha power under anesthesia and the development of POD. rEEG-guided anesthesia may improve the prognosis of patients with vulnerable brains by improving the early identification of frail elderly patients and providing them with a more effective individualized anesthetic managements.
Asynchronous online focus groups for research with people living with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and family caregivers: usefulness, acceptability and lessons learned
Authors: Genuis Shelagh K. , Luth Westerly , Weber Garnette , Bubela Tania , Johnston Wendy S.
Published: October 2023

Background

People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) face disability- and travel-related barriers to research participation. We investigate the usefulness and acceptability of asynchronous, online focus groups (AOFGs) for research involving people affected by ALS (patients and family caregivers) and outline lessons learned.

Methods

The ALS Talk Project, consisting of seven AOFGs and 100 participants affected by ALS, provided context for this investigation. Hosted on the secure itracks Board™ platform, participants interacted in a threaded web forum structure. Moderators posted weekly discussion questions and facilitated discussion. Data pertaining to methodology, participant interaction and experience, and moderator technique were analyzed using itracks and NVivo 12 analytics (quantitative) and conventional content analysis and the constant-comparative approach (qualitative).

Results

There was active engagement within groups, with post lengths averaging 111.48 words and a complex network of branching interactions between participants. One third of participant responses included individual reflections without further interaction. Participants affirmed their co-group members, offered practical advice, and discussed shared and differing perspectives. Moderators responded to all posts, indicating presence and probing answers. AOFGs facilitated qualitative and quantitative data-gathering and flexible response to unanticipated events. Although total participation fell below 50% after 10–12 weeks, participants valued interacting with peers in an inclusive, confidential forum. Participants used a variety of personal devices, browsers, and operating systems when interacting on the online platform.

Conclusions

This methodological examination of AOFGs for patient-centred investigations involving people affected by ALS demonstrates their usefulness and acceptability, and advances knowledge of online research methodologies. Lessons learned include: early identification of research goals and participant needs is critical to selecting an AOFG platform; although duration longer than 10–12 weeks may be burdensome in this population, participants were positive about AOFGs; AOFGs offer real world flexibility enabling response to research challenges and opportunities; and, AOGFs can effectively foster safe spaces for sharing personal perspectives and discussing sensitive topics. With moderators playing an important role in fostering engagement, AOFGs facilitated rich data gathering and promoted reciprocity by fostering the exchange of ideas and interaction between peers. Findings may have implications for research involving other neurologically impaired and/or medically vulnerable populations.
Effectiveness of switching endoscopists for repeat surveillance colonoscopy: a retrospective study
Authors: Okada Naoya , Arimoto Jun , Nishiguchi Takanori , Kobayashi Mikio , Niikura Toshihiro , Kuwabara Hiroki , Nakaoka Michiko , Nakajima Atsushi , Chiba Hideyuki
Published: October 2023

Background

Surveillance colonoscopy decreases colorectal cancer mortality; however, lesions are occasionally missed. Although an appropriate surveillance interval is indicated, variations may occur in the methods used, such as scope manipulation or observation. Therefore, individual endoscopists may miss certain areas. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of performing repeat colonoscopies with a different endoscopist from the initial procedure.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed a database of 8093 consecutive colonoscopies performed in the Omori Red Cross Hospital from January 1st 2018 to June 30th 2021. Data from repeat total colonoscopies performed within three months were collected to assess missed lesions. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the two examinations were performed by different endoscopists (group D) or the same endoscopist (group S). The primary outcome in both groups was the missed lesion detection rate (MLDR).

Results

Overall, 205 eligible patients were analyzed. In total, 102 and 103 patients were enrolled in groups D and S, respectively. The MLDR was significantly higher in group D (61.8% vs. 31.1%, P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the detection of missed lesions identified performance by the different endoscopists (odds ratio, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.81–6.30), and sufficient withdrawal time (> 6 min) (odds ratio, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.12–8.61) as significant variables.

Conclusions

Overall, our study showed a significant improvement in the detection of missed lesions when performed by different endoscopists. When performing repeat colonoscopy, it is desirable that a different endoscopist perform the second colonoscopy.

Trial registration

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Omori Red Cross Hospital on November 28, 2022 (approval number:22–43).
Feasibility analysis of low-dose CT with asynchronous quantitative computed tomography to assess vBMD
Authors: Hu Tingting , Yang Xingyuan , Gao Lei , Liu Ying , Zhang Wei , Wang Yan , Zhu Xiaona , Liu Xiangdong , Liu Hongran , Ma Xiaohui
Published: October 2023

Background

To explore the feasibility of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) with asynchronous quantitative computed tomography (asynchronous QCT) for assessing the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD).

Methods

416 women patients, categorized into 4 groups, were included and underwent chest CT examinations combined with asynchronous QCT, and CT scanning dose protocols (LDCT or CDCT) were self-determined by the participants. Radiation dose estimations were retrieved from patient protocols, including volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length-product (DLP), and then calculated effective dose (ED). Delimiting ED by 1.0 mSv, chest CT examinations were categorized into 2 groups, LDCT group and CDCT group. vBMD of T12-L2 was obtained by transferring the LDCT and CDCT images to the QCT workstation, without extra radiation.

Results

There was no difference of vBMD among 4 age groups in LDCT group (P = 0.965), and no difference in CDCT group (P = 0.988). In LDCT group and CDCT group, vBMD was not correlated to mAs, CTDIvol and DLP (P > 0.05), respectively. Between LDCT group and CDCT group, there was no difference of vBMD (P ≥ 0.480), while differences of mAs, CTDIvol and DLP.

Conclusion

There was no difference of vBMD between LDCT group and CDCT group and vBMD was not correlated to mAs. While screening for diseases such as lung cancer and mediastinal lesions, LDCT combined with asynchronous QCT can be also used to assess vBMD simultaneously with no extra imaging equipment, patient visit time, radiation dose and no additional economic cost.
Pan-immune-inflammation and its dynamics: predictors of survival and immune-related adverse events in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Gong Lingyan , Gu Pengyang , Hua Yiwen , Sun Yingfang , Ni Songshi , Zhou Xiaoyu , Tang Zhiyuan
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) is defined by the neutrophil, platelet, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts and is associated with immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). However, PIV is dynamic under therapy and its longitudinal assessment may help predict efficacy. This study investigated the impact of baseline PIV and its dynamics on ICI efficacy and its immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The study additionally attempted to understand the biological significance of PIV.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 269 consecutive patients with aNSCLC. PIV was calculated at baseline and at weeks 3–4 to determine its association with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and irAEs.

Results

Results revealed that low baseline PIV was positively correlated with the incidence of irAEs. Moreover, a low PIV at baseline was significantly associated with a prolonged PFS (median PFS: 10 vs. 7 months, p = 0.0005) and OS (median OS: 29 vs. 21 months, p < 0.0001). When the PIV at baseline and weeks 3–4 was considered together, its low dynamics correlated with a higher incidence of irAEs (p = 0.001), a longer PFS (median PFS, 9 vs. 6 months, p = 0.012), and a longer OS (median OS; 28 vs. 21 months, p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Thus, PIV at baseline and its dynamics are novel and potent predictors of irAEs, PFS, and OS in patients with aNSCLC receiving immunotherapy. Moreover, the PIV dynamics may be an effective, novel surrogate marker to dynamically observe the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Corneal remodeling after SMILE for moderate and high myopia: short-term assessment of spatial changes in corneal volume and thickness
Authors: Wu Yuanpeng , Shen Ting , Tan Lingtong , He Ting , Zheng Qingqing , Hong Chaoyang
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the early corneal remodeling and its influencing factors after Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for moderate and high myopia.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Pre- and post-operative (1 week and 1, 3, 6 months) corneal volume (CV), mean keratometry (Km), and corneal thickness (CT) were measured by Scheimpflug tomography. CT at the central, thinnest point, and on concentric circles of 2, 4, and 6 mm diameter was recorded to assess corneal thickness spatial profile (CTSP) and percentage of thickness increase (PTI) in the moderate and high myopia groups, and to explore possible influencing factors.

Results

After SMILE, the peripheral CT decreased in the moderate myopia group and central corneal thickness (CCT) increased in the high myopia group at 1 month compared to 1 week (all P < 0.05). The CV, Km and CT were significantly increased at 3 months compared to 1 month (all P < 0.05), but there was no significant change at 6 months compared to 3 months for both groups (all P > 0.05). Patients with high myopia showed greater corneal thickness changes (△CT) and higher PTI than moderate myopia (all P < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that in addition to refraction, peripheral PTI was negatively correlated with CCT in the moderate myopia group (4 mm: β = -0.023, P = 0.001; 6 mm: β = -0.050, P < 0.001), as well as in the high myopia group (4 mm: β = -0.038, P < 0.001; 6 mm: β = -0.094, P < 0.001). Moreover, peripheral PTI in the moderate myopia group was negatively correlated with age (4 mm: β = -0.071, P = 0.003; 6 mm: β = -0.162, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

After SMILE, the CV, Km, and CTSP showed dynamic changes in the early stage, which stabilized after 3 months. Compared to the moderate myopia group, the high myopia group experienced slower corneal stabilization. The change in PTI at 6 months after SMILE may be related to higher preoperative refraction, thinner CCT and younger age.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Dietary intake and incidence risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Yilin , Gan Yihong , Zhang Hong
Published: October 2023

Background

Dietary intake has been shown to have a causal relationship with various lung diseases, such as lung cancer and asthma. However, the causal relationship between dietary intake and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship between dietary intake and IPF.

Methods

The exposure datasets included meat, fruit, vegetable, and beverage intake from the UK Biobank. IPF data came from the EBI database of 451,025 individuals. All data in this study were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS Project. The inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods were used as the primary methods. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the validity of the results.

Results

Oily fish intake [odds ratio (OR):0.995; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.993–0.998; p = 6.458E-05] and Dried fruit intake (OR:0.995;95%CI:0.991–0.998; p = 0.001) were discovered as protective factors. There was also a suggestive correlation between Beef intake (OR:1.006;95%Cl:1.001–1.012; p = 0.023) and IPF. Sensitivity analysis did not reveal any contradictory results. No causal relationship was found between IPF and the rest of the dietary exposures.

Conclusions

Our study found that Oily fish and Dried fruit intake were associated with the risk of IPF, while Beef intake was suggestively associated with the risk of IPF. Other studies are still needed to confirm the results in the future.
3D printing combined with anteroposterior cannulated screws for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture
Authors: Shen Zhihao , Zhang Yingying , Wu Feng , Chen Hua , Ge Huaizhi
Published: October 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the effects of conventional surgery and three-dimension (3D) printing technology-assisted surgery in the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fractures (PTPF).

Methods

A cohort of 61 patients afflicted with PTPF, spanning from June 2015 to October 2021, was enrolled. They were divided randomly into two groups: 31 cases of 3D printing group, 30 cases of conventional group. The personalized 3D-printed models were used to simulate the surgical procedures in 3D printing group. The demographic characteristics and clinical data were recorded, encompassing operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy shoots and fracture union time. The radiographic outcomes were gauged, encompassing tibiofemoral angle (FTA), tibial plateau angle (TPA), posterolateral slope angle (PSA) and Rasmussen’s anatomical score. The functional outcomes were assessed at the 12-month postoperative juncture, encompassing range of motion, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score and Rasmussen’s functional score. Furthermore, fracture complications were evaluated,, encompassing infections, traumatic osteoarthritis, and delayed union.

Results

The 3D printing group exhibited the operation time of 95.8 ± 30.2 min, intraoperative blood loss of 101.1 ± 55.3 ml, and intraoperative fluoroscopy shoots of 6.3 ± 2.3 times, while the conventional group recorded respective values of 115.5 ± 34.0 min, 137.0 ± 49.2 ml and 9.13 ± 2.5 times. Noteworthy disparities were evident between the conventional and 3D printing groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to the conventional group, the 3D printing group exhibited commendable radiological and functional outcomes both immediately and 12 months post-surgery, although statistical significance was not attained. Moreover, the 3D printing group experienced a paucity of complications compared to the conventional group, although without achieving statistical significance.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the clinical feasibility of 3D printing combined with anteroposterior cannulated screws for the treatment of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture.
Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences non-academic workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tembo Letwin Nomalungelo , Munyikwa Jacquiline Paidamoyo , Musoro Chipo , Majonga Grace , Mavindidze Edwin
Published: October 2023

Background

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders most commonly contribute to years lived with disability among workers. Heavy physical work, static work posture, awkward posture, force exertion, lifting and repetitive movements increase the risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among non-academic workers at the University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Non-academic workers included security personnel, catering staff, drivers, library staff, clerical staff, technicians and janitorial staff.

Methods and materials

The study used a cross-sectional analytical design. One hundred and eight non-academic workers at the University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences were sampled through proportional stratified sampling in January 2021. An adapted Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire capturing socio-demographics and ergonomic risk factors was used to gather data. SPSS v24 was used for data analysis including frequencies, tests of association and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

One hundred non-academic workers from the University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences responded. The 3-month and 12-month prevalences of work-related musculoskeletal disorders were highest in the lower back (n = 72, 72% and n = 75, 75%) and wrists/hands (n = 60, 60% and n = 69, 69%) respectively. Sociodemographic factors such as age (p = 0.002), gender (p < 0.001), educational level (p = 0.008) and worker category (p < 0.001) were associated with increased work-related musculoskeletal disorders, while work experience (p = 0.002) was associated with a decreased prevalence of back pain and discomfort. Females (AOR = 55.90; 95% CI [3.84, 814.54]), security personnel (AOR = 39.53, 95% CI [1.57, 996.00]), catering staff (AOR = 91.3295% CI [2.24, 3724.78]) and those who attained bachelor’s degrees (AOR = 73.25, 95% CI [1.46, 3682.39]), higher national diplomas (AOR = 93.49, 95% CI [1.28, 6848.04]) and national diplomas (AOR = 52.22; 95% CI [1.09, 2510.73]) had higher odds of experiencing WMSDs. Increased working experience was protective against experiencing lower back pain (AOR = 0.84; 95% CI [0.74, 0.95]).

Discussion and conclusion

The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders was high among the participants. This was influenced by the nature of work as well as cultural factors.

Recommendations

Occupational therapists and physiotherapists need to design focused ameliorative and health promotive interventions targeting at-risk populations in universities. Employers should consider developing wellness programs for workers and promoting healthy working environments.