bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expansão urbana e espaço público: a inserção das praças e áreas verdes nos loteamentos em Tijucas (Santa Catarina)
Authors: Machado Fábian Grei , Reis Almir Francisco
Published: November 2020

Este artigo estuda o processo de formação e a configuração dos espaços públicos abertos de uso coletivo de uma cidade do sul do Brasil – Tijucas, no estado de Santa Catarina. Entende-se o parcelamento do solo previsto na legislação urbanística, na modalidade loteamento, como definidor dos espaços públicos, na medida em que estabelece o traçado viário, as praças e as áreas verdes no tecido urbano. Defende-se as praças e áreas verdes como possíveis viabilizadoras de socialização e de apropriação coletiva. Foram realizadas diversas leituras relativas ao processo de crescimento, à localização, à forma e à utilização das praças e das áreas verdes propostas nos loteamentos aprovados na cidade no período de 1979 a 2017. Observações em campo avaliaram as condições de acesso, o nível de tratamento dosespaços e a copresença de pessoas nesses locais. As conclusões do trabalho indicam que, quanto mais recentes as praças e as áreas verdes, mais problemático tem sido seu posicionamento e sua configuração nos loteamentos e no tecido urbano da cidade.
Muslim Bank as a Historical Category: Creating Credit Institutions for Muslims In the First Half of the 20 th Century
Authors: Bekkin R. I.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: The article examines theoretical and practical aspects of the activities of Muslim banks in the countries of Eurasia in the first half of the 20th century. These credit institutions were created on the initiative of Muslim entrepreneurs who sought to have an affordable source of financing for their activities. Muslim banks were an important element of the financial system of a number of countries during the era of colonialism. In the context of competition in the capital markets between Western banks and credit institutions belonging to different religious and ethnic groups, as well as competition of the latter with each other, Muslim banks acted as an instrument for ensuring the economic independence of Muslim communities in a number of countries and regions in the period under review. After the countries of Asia gained independence, Muslim banks were transformed into ordinary national banks.

The activities of Muslim banks are considered in the article against the background of discussions on the admissibility of loan-based banking operations in the context of the prohibition of usury (riba) in Islamic law. The article emphasizes that Muslim banks in their activities relied on the theological and legal conclusions (fatwas) of Islamic scholars who considered such activities legitimate and not falling under the Quranic concept of usury.

The author adheres to the point of view that the creation of an independent state or nationalterritorial / national-cultural autonomy of Muslims was a natural result of the struggle of the Muslim bourgeoisie with competitors for the markets for goods and services in a number of countries and regions, considering both Muslim and Islamic banks only as a certain stage in the development of banking in a number of countries in Asia, Africa and Europe.

The article disputes the idea that both Islamic banks and the Islamic economic model as a whole are monolithic structures that cannot be modified. According to the author, the very creation of Islamic banks, as well as their convergence with conventional (non-Islamic) credit institutions, which we observe today, is a natural result of a change in the economic interests of the ruling class both in the countries of the spread of Islam and in the Western world.

The article examines the history of the creation of Muslim banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in British India. These regions are brought together by the fact that Muslims who lived there were forced to compete with representatives of other ethno-confessional groups and communities living in the same territory. Particular attention is paid to the theological and legal discussions on the creation of a Muslim bank in Russia.
Long-term trends in the socio-economic development of Arab countries
Authors: Meliantsev V. A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: The article analyzes a number of the most important trends, proportions and factors of the economic and social development of the Arab countries over the past four decades, associated with the modern stage of globalization, against the background of other countries and a deeper retrospective view. It reveals the extent of Arab countries’ convergence, as well as divergence in the levels of technological, economic and social development with/from leading regions and countries of the developing world and economically advanced states. With all the considerable differentiation that exists between Arab countries in the 1980-2010s, in contrast to a number of other countries and regions of the East and South, the Arab world on the whole has suffered from a significant slowdown in the dynamics of per capita GDP, total factor productivity, human development index and augmented development index.

These trends, according to the author’s calculations, are determined not only and not so much by high population growth rates, but by the limited nature of economic and institutional reforms that affect the degree of diversification of production and export structures, share of investments in physical and human capital in GDP, and the quality of labor. Moreover, according to new data and author’s calculations, the level of inequality in income distributionin the Arab world is one of the highest in the world. This and other factors, including geopolitical ones, as well as the increasing number of so-called “failing states” in the region have brought about an increase in socio-political tensions, which is comparable, and even exceeding the level that existed a decade ago, when the Arab Spring phenomenon arose.Under pandemic and global crisis, the economic and social situation in a number of Arab countries is markedly getting worse. In order to ease tensions in the region it is high time to implement a number of reforms aimed at mitigating inequality and simultaneously increasing the purchasing power of the population and expanding domestic markets as well as creating much more favorable investment climate.
Russian System of Foreign Policy Expertise
Authors: Varfolomeev A. A. , Ivanov O. P. , Surma I. V. , Trefilova Yu. A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: The article considers the system of foreign policy expertise as an independent subject of research. The authors note the positive aspects of competitive analysis of the external nvironment, which allows one to level out the asymmetry of political and economic cultures within a given country, as well as to smooth out the personal interests. This ensures a variability of approaches in foreign policy decision-making, which ultimately contributes to the promotion of balanced national interests. The North American approach differs in preferences, methodological trends, forms of theoretical ethnocentrism and various forms of social construction. The European scholars and experts in foreign policy analysis use the theory of international relations much more extensively than their North American counterparts.

Based on the analysis, we propose to use a comprehensive integrated method, developed in the Russian Diplomatic Academy, using an interdisciplinary approach based on elements of political psychology, sociology of management, international law, structural, functional and institutional approaches, etc. We also propose to use virtual cognitive centers and methodologies, which not only contain a specific sequence of stages of predicting the development of the international situation, but also provide an opportunity to choose methods of Foresight, taking into account the existing time, human resources and financial constraints, and the possibility of their adaptation to the applied tasks of analytical and prognostic activities of federal authorities in the field of foreign policy.
Conceptual Transformations of Public Diplomacy
Authors: Lebedeva M. M.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: In the 1960s when it first appeared as a concept public diplomacy was defined very broadly as the impact of a state on a foreign audience. In the 21st century changes in the political organization of the world have led to the strengthening of the social power a state, as well as to the expansion of the means and methods of its use to influence foreign audiences. A new state practice was developed – state policy in the field of international communication. Public diplomacy is only one of the directions of this policy. However, as a result of the initially very broad definition of public diplomacy, it has come to be identified in scientific literature with propaganda, strategic communication, and national branding. The tools developed in related fields – military, commercial – has its own specifics. The article shows that association of these activities with public diplomacy is wrong both in theoretical and practical terms, since it does not allow choosing the appropriate tools of influence for a specific situation. It is argued that under public diplomacy it is still advisable to understand such state communication with a foreign audience, which, firstly, is based on creating attractiveness, secondly, which is focused specifically on the political sphere, and thirdly, it involves dialogue. Comparative analysis of public policy in the field of international communication from different spheres will allow us to better understand the specifics and mechanisms that work in each of these areas. In the middle of the 20th century, non-state actors had not yet entered the international arena en masse, and structures that were “trackers” of state policy were included in public diplomacy in its unofficial channels. Today the situation is much more complicated: along with “trackers” within the framework of unofficial channels of public diplomacy, there are actors of world politics who have significant independence in the world arena and often pursue state policy at their own discretion. As a result, there is often a duplication of certain points, which may be perceived by the external audience as annoying, and on the contrary, there may be contradictions in the actions of various actors of the same state. In any case, in order to somehow reduce such negative effects, it is necessary to study the activities of non-state actors (first of all, actors, and not just “trackers”) of public diplomacy. Also, International Relations (in contrast to other fields of political science) does not study official channels of public diplomacy, including briefings for journalists by various state officials, especially interaction with an external audience through websites, social networks, etc. It is obvious that this subject area should attract the attention of researchers of International Relations to a greater extent than it is observed today.
Additive Manufacturing and Augmented Reality as New Production Technologies in the Aviation Industry
Authors: Yevtodyeva M. G.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: The image of the global aviation industry is dramatically changing. This derives in the first instance from dynamic development of the military and civil aircraft market, where a significant growth in demand and an increase in airliner deliveries over the next 15 years by at least 80% was forecasted. Aircraft manufacturers' revenues in services business, including maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) are boosting, too. All this provide favorable conditions for the development of new production technologies in the aviation sector, including Additive Manufacturing (AM) and Augmented Reality (AR). Though the research and development in the field of AM an AR began in the 1980s, only in the last decade AM and AR technologies have reached the necessary level of maturity to be widely used in design, manufacturing and assembly processes in aeronautics, including civil and military aircraft. There are good prospects for their use in aircraft’ maintenance, repair and overhaul as well.  The transition from the initial period of formation of AM and AR technologies to the stage of technological growth and rapid development of relevant markets is evidenced by a number of factors. First of all, they include establishment of "dominant" technological designs based on AM and AR (certified additive production methods, new materials based on AM and machines for their production, special Augmented Reality headsets, etc.), as well as beginning of serial production of many AM-components and AR-platforms for the aviation industry. The participation of major aircraft manufacturers such as Boeing and Airbus in AM and AR R&D projects, the formation of "new" supply chains, the development of public-private partnerships (e.g. NAMII in the U.S.), as well as the formation of consortia and alliances of companies that develop and produce systems and parts for aircraft based on additive technologies and augmented reality, are also indicators of the transition to a new stage of development of these technologies and markets.
Digital Vector in Global Educational Policy: Will it Ensure Social Justice and Access to Education?
Authors: Antyukhova E. A. , Kasatkin P. I.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Ensuring the accessibility of education based on the development of online learning as one of the tasks of the global educational policy is acquiring key importance today. This task is complicated by different levels of economic development of countries and digital divide, problems of modernization of national education systems in the context of the spread of IT technologies. The development of education is closely related to technological advances (artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, robotics), but such changes are not actively manifested in education due to its conservatism, and are also associated with the level of development of countries and access to new technologies for citizens. An analysis of investment activity in the education sector shows that investors are wary of financing the development of education and, in particular, online education, but trends over the past five years show a fourfold increase in total investment. The article concludes that: 1) despite the emergence of both universal and specialized educational online platforms, they cannot create an individual trajectory for acquiring knowledge and mastering competencies, as this can still be done on the basis of classical university education; 2) online platforms broadens the choice among the many offered educational programs and courses, however objectivity of this choice tends to be decreasing.
International Dimension in Colonization of the North-West of America and California at the End of the 17-18 th Centuries
Authors: Petrov A. Y. , Kostornichenko V. N. , Koskina M. M.
Published: November 2020

The article reviews the initial period of European colonization of the North Pacific Ocean and California within the context of diplomatic relations between Russia and Spain during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. It tries to understand the policies of European powers in the American Northwest and the reasons for pursuing their colonial interests there. It analyses the history of exploration of these territories, expeditions to the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, and historical maps of this region. For the first time in Russian historiography the authors touch upon the exploration of California in the 18th century.

The exploration of the North Pacific Ocean, the northwestern American coast, including certain areas of California, Alaska and the Aleutian Islands has long attracted the attention of European powers. It was a process in which government authorities and private merchant companies took part. The expansion of the Spanish Empire into California was made possible in part because of the concerns of the Madrid court about the strengthening of the Russian and British empires in the North Pacific Ocean. The Spanish documents from the archives of Madrid, Seville and Simancas – the article introduces them into research communication the first time - show the validity of the fears of the Madrid court regarding the inevitable development of Russian colonization in the region. The advance of Russia to the shores of America has economic reasons: Cossacks and merchants reached the Pacific Ocean pursuing the desire to profit from the fur trade. As the economic influence expanded, the state interests of annexing territories and bringing the local population into citizenship followed behind. The territorial advance of the Russians to the Pacific Ocean was facilitated by the ambitious, but at the same time balanced diplomacy of Peter I, which managed to ensure the expansion of the borders of the Russian Empire.

Spanish consolidation in certain territories in California was aimed at a possible containment of the Russian advance. Russian-Spanish relations in the Northwest Pacific at the end of the 17th – 18th centuries contributed to the nature of the subsequent development of territories in the North Pacific Ocean.
New in US-Canadian Relations and Ratification of the USMCA Agreement
Authors: Sokov I. A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: The article reviews through chronological analysis key issues in US-Canadian relations in the context of new trade agreement USMCA replacing NAFTA during Trump's presidency. It identifies a new model of relations between the closest North American partners in the context of a new paradigm which is called “America First”. This model leads to a crisis the US-Canadian relations, which is aggravated by the increased partisan rivalry in light of the upcoming US presidential elections, the impeachment process initiated in the House of Representatives.

The article comes to the following conclusions. The evolutionary development of the free trade agreement (NAFTA), its rejection and acceptance of the USMCA preferential agreement is a gradual and consistent process of protecting North American countries from global market, which started during the presidency of George W. Bush and continued by the subsequent American presidents. This is also connected with the trade war between the United States and China, that was repeatedly emphasized both in the US Administration and in the Congress during D. Trump's presidency. The United States-Canadian relations have worsened significantly, although the countries' leaders do not recognize it publicly during the agreement's preparation and its ratification, for almost three years. The USMCA agreement is not a final version, subject to further ratification. It took more than a year for the parties to find compromise solutions on the USMCA with the protocols' preparation to the agreement and its submission to the national parliaments. Moreover, in the agreed version, the USMCA agreement meets primarily the interests of the United States. The US pressure on Canada was unprecedented. As a result, we should expect the continued growth of political and trade contradictions between the United States and Canada, as well as the revision and addition of new additional agreements in the USMCA agreement.
Impact of Monetary Policy on the Level of Economic Inequality in the United States
Authors: Dorofeev M. L.
Published: November 2020

Abstract: After the reform of the world monetary system in 1971, the competition between countries for the global market is taking place in completely new conditions. Monetary and fiscal authorities have accumulated vast experience in regulating the economy and strengthening country competitive advantages through complex mechanisms of quantitative easing, foreign exchange rates manipulation, increasing debts, etc. Overcoming the consequences of the financial crises of the 21st century every time forces monetary regulators to implement increasingly radical measures in order to save the economy by injecting enormous amounts of liquidity into the market to buy out bad corporate debts as well as government debt securities. At the same time, the questions of how monetary policy affects the level of economic inequality and who is its beneficiary are becoming more relevant.

The article seeks to analyze the impact of changes in monetary policy parameters on wealth inequality in the United States. Given the cyclical nature of economic inequality, the main method of research was chosen as a graphical statistical analysis, since it allows to identify trends effectively and keep in focus more than 100-year picture of changes in the analyzed indicators. For a more holistic picture, the dynamics of economic wealth inequality level were compared not only with key indicators of monetary policy, but also with the dynamics of marginal tax rates in US.

One conclusion of the research is that wealth inequality depends more on fiscal adjustment and marginal tax rates than on monetary factors. Inadequate marginal income and inheritance tax rates are factors of rising of wealth inequality in US. Changing of monetary system settings also influences on the level of wealth inequality, because it affects the valuation of financial assets, and therefore the wealth of the richest people in US. Another important conclusion is the idea that the new monetary policy, despite all fears that it is a source of growing economic inequality, is acceptable with marginal income and inheritance tax rates of about 60% and with effective macroprudential regulation of US economy.
A ~1.4 Ga alkaline mafic sill from the Carletonville area: connection to the Pilanesberg Alkaline Province?
Authors: Humbert F. , Elburg M.A. , Agangi A. , Belyanin G. , Akoh J. , Smith A.J.B. , Chou Y-M. , Beukes N.J.
Published: November 2020

Numerous Mesoproterozoic alkaline intrusions belonging to the Pilanesberg Alkaline Province are present within the Transvaal sub-basin of the Kaapvaal Craton. The Pilanesberg Complex is the best-known example; it represents one of the world’s largest alkaline complexes, and is associated with a northwest-southeast trending dyke swarm that extends from Botswana to the southwest of Johannesburg. This paper documents the results of a petrological and geochemical study of a thin mafic sill (here referred to as an alkaline igneous body, AIB), which intrudes the ca. 2 200 Ma Silverton Formation close to the southernmost part of the Pilanesberg dyke swarm. The AIB has only been observed in cores from a borehole drilled close to Carletonville. It is hypocrystalline, containing randomly oriented elongated skeletal kaersutite crystals and 6 to 8 mm varioles mainly composed of radially oriented acicular plagioclase. These two textures are related to undercooling, probably linked to the limited thickness (70 cm) of the AIB coupled with a probable shallow emplacement depth. Ar-Ar dating of the kaersutite gives an age of ca. 1 400 Ma, similar to the age of Pilanesberg Complex. However, the AIB is an alkaline basaltic andesite and is thus notably less differentiated than the Pilanesberg Complex and some of its associated dykes, such as the Maanhaarrand dyke, for which we provide whole-rock geochemical data. Literature data indicate that the Pilanesberg dyke swarm also contains mafic hypabyssal rocks suggesting a link between the dyke swarm and the AIB. The AIB is characterized by strongly negative εNd and εHf, that cannot be related to crustal contamination, as shown by positive Ti and P anomalies, and the absence of negative Nb-Ta anomalies in mantle-normalised trace element diagrams. The AIB magma is interpreted to have been derived from a long-lived enriched, probably lithospheric mantle reservoir. The AIB thus provides important information on the magma source of the Pilanesberg Alkaline Province.
Content Validity of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Satisfaction With Primary Care for Musculoskeletal Complaints: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pellekooren Sylvia , Ostelo Raymond , Pool Annelies , van Tulder Maurits , Jansma Elise , Chiarotto Alessandro
Published: November 2020

Objective

To evaluate the content validity of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess satisfaction in patients with musculoskeletal complaints who are treated in primary care.

Design

Systematic review of clinimetric measurement.

Literature Search

A literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL was undertaken (up to January 2020) to identify studies of the development or evaluation of content validity of a PROM that aimed to assess patient satisfaction.

Study Selection Criteria

A PROM was considered eligible if it aimed to measure satisfaction with care in patients with musculoskeletal complaints. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction.

Data Synthesis

Evaluation of content validity of the included PROMs was performed according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidance, which includes an evaluation of PROM development, content validity studies, PROM content, and quality of evidence using the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Results

Seven PROMs were identified. Their quality of development was inadequate. No studies evaluating the content validity of the satisfaction PROMs were retrieved. The content validity of the patient satisfaction PROMs was insufficient and supported by very low- quality evidence.

Conclusion

In measuring satisfaction among patients with musculoskeletal complaints treated in primary care, none of the identified PROMs had adequate content validity. Future studies should address the relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility of PROMs used to measure patient satisfaction and emphasize patient involvement during the development of new instruments. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(3):94–102. Epub 12 Nov 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.9788
Shipworm Symbiosis Ecology-Guided Discovery of Gram-Negative Selective Antibiotic with Activity Against Acinetobacter
Authors: Miller Bailey W. , Lim Albebson L. , Lin Zhenjian , Bailey Jeannie , Barrows Louis R. , Manoil Colin , Schmidt Eric W. , Haygood Margo G.
Published: November 2020

Teredinibacter turnerae is an intracellular bacterial symbiont that lives in the gills of wood-eating shipworms, where it is proposed to use antibiotics to defend itself and its animal host. Several biosynthetic gene clusters are conserved in T. turnerae and in their host shipworms around the world, implying that they encode the important defensive antibiotics. Here, we describe the turnercyclamycins, lipopeptide antibiotics encoded in the genomes of all sequenced T. turnerae strains. Turnercyclamycins A and B are bactericidal against challenging Gram-negative pathogens, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii, at 1, 2, and 8 µg/mL, respectively, while lacking toxicity to mammalian cells. Phenotypic screening identified the outer membrane as the likely target. By exploring the inhabitants of environments that select for the properties we require, we can harvest the fruits of evolution to discover compounds with potential to target unmet health needs. Investigating the symbionts of animals, and shipworms in particular, is a powerful example of this principle.
Loop Dynamics and Enzyme Catalysis in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
Authors: Crean Rory , Biler Michal , van der Kamp Marc , Hengge Alvan C. , Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn
Published: November 2020

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play an important role in cellular signalling and have been implicated in human cancers, diabetes, and obesity. Despite shared catalytic mechanisms and transition states for the chemical steps of catalysis, catalytic rates within the PTP family vary over several orders of magnitude. These rate differences have been implied to arise from differing conformational dynamics of the closure of a protein loop, the WPD-loop, which carries a catalytically critical residue. The present work reports computational studies of the human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), and YopH from Yersinia pestis, for which NMR has demonstrated a link between both their respective rates of WPD-loop motion and catalysis rates, which differ by an order of magnitude. We have performed detailed structural analysis, both conventional and enhanced sampling simulations of their loop dynamics, as well as empirical valence bond simulations of the chemical step of catalysis. These analyses revealed the key residues and structural features responsible for these differences, as well as the residues and pathways that facilitate allosteric communication in these enzymes. Curiously, our wild-type YopH simulations also identify a catalytically incompetent hyper-open conformation of its WPD-loop, sampled as a rare event, previously only experimentally observed in YopH-based chimeras. The effect of differences within the WPD-loop and its neighbouring loops on the modulation of loop dynamics, as revealed in this work, may provide a facile means for the family of PTP enzymes to respond to environmental changes and regulate their catalytic activities.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PERFORMANCE STYLES OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE INVESTIGATION
Authors: Воронова Юлия Владимировна , Пряхина Анна Борисовна
Published: November 2020

Исследуются характеристики стилей исполнительской деятельности сотрудников Следственного комитета Российской Федерации. Стили исполнительской деятельности понимаются как вариативно-изменчивые системы, позволяющие осуществлять адаптацию профессиональной деятельности к условиям ее реализации. На основании эмпирического исследования делаются выводы о приоритетности сверхнормативного и творческого стилей и недопустимости пассивно-следующего (исполняющего), низкомотивированного и уклоняющегося стилей при решении профессиональных задач следователями. Эмпирически определены сочетающиеся (образующие смешанный) и несочетающиеся между собой стили исполнительской деятельности.

The authors study the characteristics of performance styles of employees of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. Styles of performing activity are understood as variable and changeable systems that allow for the adaptation of professional activity to the conditions of its implementation. Based on empirical research, conclusions are drawn about the priority of excessive and creative styles and the inadmissibility of passive-following (performing), low-motivated and evasive styles when solving professional tasks by investigators. Combined (forming a mixed) and incongruous styles of performing activity are empirically determined.
SENIOR PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH GENERAL SPEECH UNDER-DEVELOPMENT: PERCEPTION AND UNDERSTANDING OF LOGICAL-GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Дорошенко Оксана Викторовна , Васильева Надежда Николаевна , Корнилова Александра Владимировна
Published: November 2020

Рассматривается проблема формирования логико-грамматических конструкций у детей старшего дошкольного возраста с общим недоразвитием речи. Использована комплексная методика, направленная на оценку восприятия и понимания простых флективных, прямых и обратных конструкций, выражающих пространственные отношения, временную последовательность, сравнительные и логические отношения. Результаты эмпирического исследования отражают закономерности развития детей дошкольного возраста и свидетельствуют о неравномерности формирования речемыслительной деятельности и понимания различных логико-грамматических конструкций старшими дошкольниками с ОНР (III уровня).

The article is devoted to the formation of logical and grammatical constructions in children of preschool age with a general speech under-development. A complex technique was used in the work, aimed at assessing perception and understanding of simple inflectional, direct and inverse constructions expressing spatial relations, time sequence, comparative and logical relations. The results of the empirical study reflect the development patterns of preschool children, testify to the irregular formation of speech and thinking activity and understanding of various logical and grammatical structures in older preschoolers with general speech under-development (level III).
PSYCHOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AS A PEDAGOGICAL CONDITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN FUTURE OFFICERS
Authors: Рукавишников Артур Владимирович
Published: November 2020

Рассматривается педагогическая проблема социальной ответственности личности будущего офицера, в частности поиск педагогических условий в её развитии. Представлен теоретико-методологический обзор в изучении социальной ответственности личности в научно-педагогических исследованиях, а также собственная позиция автора. Представлены организация, ход и результаты педагогического эксперимента по проверке результативности психологических знаний в развитии социальной ответственности у будущих офицеров. Эмпирические данные позволили установить, что психологические знания у курсантов способствуют развитию у них социальной ответственности в будущей профессиональной деятельности.

The article considers the pedagogical problem of social responsibility of the future officer's personality, in particular, the search for pedagogical conditions in its development. The article presents a theoretical and methodological review of the study of social responsibility of the individual in scientific and pedagogical research, as well as the author's own position. The article presents the organization, progress and results of a pedagogical experiment to test the effectiveness of psychological knowledge in the development of social responsibility in future officers. Empirical data allowed us to establish that the psychological knowledge of cadets contributes to the development of social responsibility in their future professional activities.
Expert assessment results anaylisys of machines power units in winter conditions
Authors: Salikhov R. F. , Kuznetsova V. N. , Dubkov V. V.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The implementation of production and technological processes of machines on the vast territory of the Russian Federation is related to the necessity to operate them in low temperatures conditions. The article presents the results of the applied scientific research of the factors that have a negative impact on the operation process of internal combustion engines at low ambient temperatures. The use of the modern methods and means of diagnostics of the cylinder-piston group and the crank- engine mechanism make it possible to reliably establish the causes of the internal combustion engines failures.Materials and methods. In the course of the experimental studies the non-destructive testing, organoleptic, measuring and expert methods were used.Results. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of the engine failures causes, it was found that the breakdowns in the use of inappropriate operating materials at low temperatures, measures to prepare for the launch of diesel generator sets were the main reason for untimely start-up and the faults in cylinder-piston group and the crank mechanism elements, which led to emergency failure of the internal combustion engine.Discussion and conclusion. The proposed research results will make it possible to specificate the development prospects in the field of providing the reliability of internal combustion engines operation.
PENGARUH ORIENTASI SELUBUNG BANGUNAN KACA GELAP TERHADAP BESARNYA PERPINDAHAN PANAS MATAHARI PADA GEDUNG SUKOWATI SEMARANG
Authors: Pamurti Andarina Aji
Published: November 2020

Bangunan bergaya modern semakin berkembang di Indonesia, dengan gaya yang minimalis, simpel, mengusung keutamaaan fungsi bangunan serta terkesan mewah ini cocok dengan life style masyarakat perkotaan di Indonesia. Bangunan modern didominasi oleh penggunaan bahan – bahan pabriksasi, terutama kaca. Bahan pabriksasi ini apabila penggunaannya tidak tepat serta dengan desain arsitektur yang tidak memperhatikan iklim tropis lembab di Indonesia, mengakibatkan ketidaknyamanan penghuni. Hal tersebut meliputi penggunaan bahan pada selubung bangunan yang menyangkut mutu dan warna bahan serta desain sistem pembayangan baik berupa sun shading device maupun komposisi bangunan, disamping itu orientasi bangunan juga merupakan hal yang penting terhadap perolehan panas matahari. Studi dilakukan pada bangunan modern yaitu gedung Sukowati Semarang yang minim akan sun shading device dengan selubung bangunan yang didominasi oleh kaca, terutama pada  facade timur dengan persentasi kaca 67 % dan facade selatan dengan prosentasi kaca                55 %. Kaca yang digunakan adalah kaca berwarna gelap jenis panasap atau kaca warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan facade timur dan selatan memiliki nilai Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) adalah di atas standard 45 Watt / m2, maka terjadi ketidaknyamanan penghuni. Perpindahan panas matahari yang masuk ke dalam ruangan, salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh orientasi, Window to Wall Ratio (WWR), serta bahan bangunan. Kaca berwarna gelap memilki Shading Coefficient yang lebih rendah dibanding kaca bening, hijau atau biru. Namun kaca berwarna gelap pada Gedung Sukowati Semarang belum mengatasi permasalahan akan naungan panas matahari dikarenakan kurang tepatnya penggunaan jenis kaca.

Kata Kunci : Orientasi, Selubung Bangunan, Kaca Gelap, Perpindahan Panas Matahari
On Distribution Free Tests for Discrete Distributions and an Extension to Continuous Time
Authors: Khmaladze Estate
Published: November 2020

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Fossilized Gender Bias
Authors: Frame Sharon
Published: November 2020

No woman has everbeen elected President of the United States. Despite historic breakthroughs by female politicians, shattering the ultimate glass ceiling is still an elusive feat. The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent to which gender bias influences the U.S. presidential election process. Its aim is also to measure the sociolinguistic impact of negative stereotypes of women in the country’s political culture. In gathering the research, the study examined the 2016 U.S. presidential race which featured Hillary Clinton. The veteran public servant ran against a male opponent who had no political experience. Donald Trump’s stunning victory shocked the world. It also re-kindled a public dispute about systemic gender discrimination in U.S. politics. This research investigation is a descriptive analysis of gender-specific political debates and discourses featured in TV documentaries,  news media coverage, as well as in YouTube videos. The inquiry also examines the impact of Hollywood movies that depict a fictional narrative on political gender bias, generating the question: “Is art imitating or reshaping life?” Evidence from the study points to fossilized cultural prejudice against female politicians who aspire to the nation’s highest levels of government. A fair and measured conclusion can also be drawn, which is that such embedded gender bias continues to reinforce outmoded norms, notions, and assumptions about the role of female politicians. But things could radically shift sooner than later. U.S. citizens get a chance to vote for or against a woman who is on the 2020 democratic ticket as presidential nominee Joe Biden’s running mate. If the democrats prevail, this female candidate, Kamala Harris, would be a heartbeat away from the most powerful political position in the world.
Análisis del discurso de Monserrath Astudillo
Authors: Poma Joel
Published: November 2020

La sociolingüística es la disciplina que se encarga del estudio de un idioma en relación con la sociedad. Uno de los aspectos que abarca este campo es la diferencia de la lengua de acuerdo al género. Hombres y mujeres tienen una distinta manera de hablar. En efecto, un estereotipo generalizado describe que los hombres tienden a utilizar un vocabulario vernáculo más frecuentemente que las mujeres. Se desarrolló una investigación descriptiva y cualitativa mediante observación no participante que consistió en el análisis del habla de la actriz ecuatoriana Monserrath Astudillo en seis diferentes vídeos desde la plataforma YouTube. En gran parte de la investigación, la teoría coincide con los resultados. Sin embargo, se hicieron interesantes descubrimientos que mostraban que la mencionada actriz posee ciertas características lingüísticas que no concuerdan con la mayoría de mujeres. En varios vídeos se aprecia cómo Monserrath usa un vocabulario vernáculo espontáneamente y cómo utiliza muchísimo lenguaje corporal, lo cual no es muy común en las mujeres. También se observa que su discurso es frontal, sin usar modismos para suavizar sus oraciones. Se concluye que las características del trabajo de Astudillo y los guiones que maneja influyen, de alguna manera, en su habla.
Book reviews - Crítica de libros - Crítica de livros (Historia Agraria, 82)
Authors: Varley Tony , Ortega Santos Antonio , Larrea Juan José , Clar Ernesto , Morey Tous Antònia , Ortega-Reig Mar , Herrera González de Molina Antonio , Mendizabal José Antonio
Published: November 2020

BOOK REVIEWS - CRITICA DE LIBROS - CRITICA DE LIVROS Patrick Doyle: Civilising Rural Ireland: The Co-Operative Movement, Development and the Nation-State, 1889-1939 Tony Varley Ana Cristina Roque, Cristina Brito y Cecilia Veracini (Eds.): Peoples, Nature and Environments: Learning to Live Together Antonio Ortega Santos Sylvie Bépoix y Hervé Richard (Dirs.): La forêt au Moyen Âge Juan José Larrea Manuel González de Molina, David Soto, Gloria Guzmán Casado, Juan Infante, Eduardo Aguilera, Jaime Vila y Roberto García Ruíz: Historia de la Agricultura Española desde una perspectiva biofísica, 1900-2010 Ernesto Clar Enric Saguer (Ed.): Els cortals empordanesos, del segle xiii al xxi. Sis estudis Antònia Morey Tous Enric Vicedo (Ed.): Recs històrics: Pagesia, història i patrimonio Mar Ortega-Reig Francisco Acosta (Coord.): La aurora de rojos dedos: El Trienio Bolchevique desde el sur de España Antonio Herrera González de Molina Antonio Luis López Martínez: Las ferias de ganado en Andalucía Occidental y Extremadura, 1830-1958 José Antonio Mendizabal
IMPACT OF ACNE VULGARIS ON PSYCHOSOCIAL STATUS
Authors:   Akdeniz University School of Medicine Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Antalya/TURKEY.
Published: November 2020

Background: Most previous research has focused on acne vulgaris characteristics and their association with psychological disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Objective: In the present study, we aimed to show whether acne characteristics are associated with several aspects of psychological well-being namely self-esteem, body satisfaction, anxiety-depression and dermatological life quality. Methods: This was a study of 200 patient with acne and190 healthy controls that was carried out in Antalya, Turkey. Main outcome measures were the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD) and dermatological life quality index (DLQI). Also we recorded global acne grading score (GAGS) of acne patients. Results: The findings of statistical analysis indicated that patients with acne had lower levels of self-esteem, high depression and HAD score compared with healthy controls (respectively p=0.01, p˂0.01, p=0.01). Also the DLQI scores of severe and very severe group had higher than mild and moderate group (p= 0.013) Conclusion: The emotional well-being of the patients presenting with the acne needs to be recognized more fully, particularly in relation to the low self-esteem, high depression score. The psychosocial impact of acne vulgaris should be valued in the management of patients with this condition. The results of this study raise implications for clinical practice and suggest that a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patient with acne.
GREEN DARNER ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING OPTIMAL POWER FLOW PROBLEM
Authors: Lenin K.
Published: November 2020

In this paper a Green Darner (GD) algorithm is used to solve optimal reactive power problem. The key inducement of the Green Darner (GD) algorithm initiated from inert and vibrant swarming behaviors. These two swarming behaviours are very similar to the two key segment of optimization using meta-heuristics: exploration and exploitation. Green Darner (GD) engenders sub swarms and flies over assorted areas in an inert swarm, & it will be the main goal of the exploration segment. In the inert swarm, conversely, Green Darner (GD) flies in bigger swarms and down to one direction, which is constructive in the exploitation segment. In this proposed Green Darner (GD) algorithm, two necessary segments of optimization, exploration and exploitation, are planned by modeling the social communication of Green Darner (GD) in navigating, probing for foods, and keep away from enemies when swarming vigorously or statistically. The projected Green Darner (GD) algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 118 & practical 191 bus test systems and simulation results show clearly about the improved performance of the projected Green Darner (GD) algorithm in reducing the real power loss.
Nivel de cumplimiento de apego precoz durante el puerperio inmediato: El Caso del Hospital General Docente Calderón
Authors: Martínez Martínez Joselyn R , Cruz Cevallos Mayra I
Published: November 2020

Introducción: Según el artículo 45 de la Política Nacional de Lactancia materna del Ministerio de Salud Pública del Ecuador (MSP), el cumplimiento del apego precoz es obligatorio; sin embargo, varios estudios visualizan su falta de cumplimiento. Objetivo: Analizar el cumplimiento del apego precoz durante el puerperio inmediato, y el grado de conocimiento y nivel de satisfacción que las madres de un hospital de Quito tienen sobre el apego precoz. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal en 116 diadas madre-hijo atendidas en el Hospital General Docente Calderón en el periodo Octubre 2018-Marzo 2019, para evaluar el porcentaje de cumplimiento de la norma de apego precoz del MSP (inmediatez, privacidad, eficacia, y continuidad) mediante observación del parto y establecer el conocimiento y nivel de satisfacción con el apego precoz a través de encuestas a la madre. La relación entre la satisfacción del apego precoz con el grado de felicidad de la madre fue evaluada usando chi cuadrado y Phi Crammer (P >0.05). Resultados: : Los parámetros de inmediatez, privacidad y eficacia se cumplen en 81%, 86% y 92%, respectivamente, mientras que la continuidad se cumple en un 48%. El tiempo de permanencia del recién nacido con la madre no supera los 60 minutos en el 52% de diadas madre-hijo. El mayor grado de felicidad se observa el 92% de las madres satisfechas con en el apego precoz. Conclusiones: El apego precoz como práctica integrada en el Protocolo Normativo del MSP entre la madre y su recién nacido durante el parto céfalo-vaginal sin riesgo, se cumple parcialmente.