bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supratentorial Hemangioblastoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Acikalin Mustafa Fuat , Öner Ülkü , Tel Nilüfer , Paşaoğlu Özgül , Altınel Faruk
Published: February 2021

Central nervous system hemangioblastoma is a histologically benign tumor that usually occurs in the cerebellum. Supratentorial hemangioblastomas are exceedingly rare tumors. We present a case of cerebral hemangioblastoma, review the literature on supratentorial hemangioblastoma, and discuss the histologic characteristics and diagnostic difficulties associated with such lesions.
The influence of theta-function to the class of MWP operators
Authors: Altun Ishak , Durmaz Gonca
Published: February 2021

In this work, taking into account the theta-function, we present a general class of multivalued weakly Picard operators on complete metric space. We also provide an example showing that it includes some earlier classes as properly.
Welfare and legal aspects of making decisions on medical treatments of pet animals
Authors: Puvača Nikola , Chantal Britt
Published: February 2021

When it comes to humans and the necessity for their young ones' medical treatments, the parental responsibility is crucial. The decisions made by parents involve the legal aspects as well as welfare aspects, respectively. Pet animals are usually classified as property in the European Union, but pets are the same as kids regarding medical treatments and illnesses or diseases. In that case, the decisions are made by their owners, posing a legal challenge only if the proposed treatment can trigger damage or needless pain, as defined by the Law on pet animals' welfare. In this article, there will be discussed the best interests both in legal and welfare aspects of decisions being made in the medical treatments of the pets by their owners. Reaching the choice of pets' medical treatments will primarily be focused on pets protection and welfare avoiding unnecessary pain, which is in the pets` best overall welfare interests. While the Statute law is not a mandatory one considering the pets' best interests, this article might be a useful resource for professional veterinarians and practitioners. At the same time, this article regards of the best interests of the pets and it can be integrated into the existing ethical frameworks for making medical decisions and more humane treatment of pet animals.
“O PREÇO DO PRECONCEITO NOS ‘COUROS’”: (DES)CONSTRUÇÕES ACERCA DA EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL NA ESCOLA
Authors: Souza Elaine de Jesus , Silva Elânia Francisca da , Sousa José Felipe Alves , Rocha Eugerbia Paula da
Published: February 2021

A Educação Sexual constitui um processo contínuo e planejado que abrange distintas abordagens e metodologias acerca de sexualidade, corpo e gênero. Este trabalho engloba relatos de um projeto de extensão desenvolvido com cerca de 206 estudantes do Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio em três escolas da rede pública (uma municipal e duas estaduais) do Ceará, que teve como principal objetivo incorporar a Educação Sexual numa perspectiva sociocultural, nos currículos escolares e acadêmicos, por meio de ações pedagógicas que ultrapassam as abordagens biológico-higienistas. As estratégias didático-metodológicas utilizadas nos 15 encontros foram grupos focais organizados em minicursos, oficinas de zines, problematização de artefatos culturais, jogos e rodas de conversas acerca das temáticas da Educação Sexual. Os/as estudantes tiveram a oportunidade de expor opiniões, dúvidas e sugerir temas para serem debatidos. Assim, evidenciamos a necessidade de discutir, de modo contínuo e sistemático, essas temáticas na escola, instigando os/as alunos/as a desconstruírem preconceitos e discriminações acerca das identidades e diferenças sexuais e de gênero.
PROJETO ECO EMBAIXADOR AMBIENTAL: PRÁTICAS PARA A SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Rosário Carla dos Santos
Published: February 2021

Os temas Meio Ambiente e Educação Ambiental são cobrados e enfatizados nas leis e documentos da educação de base para integrar padrões sustentáveis na vida humana. Diante da problemática dos resíduos plásticos poluidores do ambiente terrestre e aquático, juntamente com o comportamento não sustentável dos alunos da escola EEB XV de Junho, como sujar, depredar e o usar copos descartáveis, este trabalho objetivou a conscientização dos discentes a realizarem e participarem de situações relevantes para a prática da Educação Ambiental. O projeto durou seis meses e foi realizado nas turmas do 6º ano I e 7º ano II. O aluno representante “Eco Embaixador Ambiental” monitorava as ações insustentáveis da sala e fazia um relatório semanal para o professor. Também foram confeccionados 100 copos retornáveis resultando na redução de 11,55% no consumo dos copos descartáveis. Toda semana três alunos eram sorteados pelo representante da sala e apresentavam uma ideia de melhoria ambiental. Um ponto de coleta de óleo foi instalado na escola para a destinação adequada deste resíduo. Notou-se pequenas mudanças no comportamento dos alunos e uma barreira entre o aprender na escola e aplicar em casa. Eles sabem quando praticam as ações insustentáveis, tentam mudar, mas esta mudança é lenta e comprometida diante das ações contrárias do cotidiano deles. É um constante construir na escola e desconstruir em casa. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para que as ações sustentáveis possam ser internalizadas e se tornem rotina em suas vidas.

Palavras-chaves: Educação Ambiental, Ensino de Ciências, Meio Ambiente, Sustentabilidade.
CLUBE DE CIÊNCIAS: A IMPORTÂNCIA DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE DE GRADUANDOS DE LICENCIATURA EM QUÍMICA
Authors: Benedetti Filho Edemar , Gomes Letícia Asheley , Maia João Marcos Soares , Martins Gabriel Moraes Reche , Barreto Caio Felipe da Silva
Published: February 2021

O uso de espaços não formais de aprendizagem para o Ensino de Ciências pode ser feito por meio de clubes que visam à discussão de temas com caráter científico. Os clubes de ciências acabam se tornando benéficos tanto para os alunos participantes, os quais passam por um processo de construção e assimilação científica, quanto para a formação inicial docente, uma vez que o uso dessa metodologia alternativa pode contribuir para a sua futura atuação em sala de aula. Desse modo, este trabalho disserta acerca das experiências vividas por graduandos do curso de Licenciatura em Química, enquanto bolsistas do PIBID, destacando a sua atuação como organizadores e monitores das atividades de um Clube de Ciências para alunos do Ensino Fundamental II de uma escola pública. Nessa proposta, com presença facultativa, promoveram-se discussões sobre os temas presentes no cotidiano, relacionando os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos com novos conceitos desenvolvidos. Já no que se refere à formação inicial dos graduandos, percebeu-se que uma prática docente eficiente não está relacionada exclusivamente com o uso de um laboratório e atividades experimentais, mas também na qualidade de abordagem dos conteúdos pedagógicos e pelas discussões promovidas, de forma a se buscar uma contextualização maior significação dos conceitos utilizados.
LETRAMENTO DIGITAL COM LENDAS DA AMAZÔNIA COMO INCENTIVO À LEITURA E ESCRITA DE ALUNOS RETIDOS NO 3º ANO EM DUAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DE BELÉM-PA
Authors: Manfredo Elizabeth Cardoso Gerhardt , Sarmanho Yasmim Nazaré Moura , Neves Mannoella de Araujo
Published: February 2021

O uso das tecnologias é meio propício para inserir e envolver o aluno em práticas de leitura e escrita digitais. Diante disso, este relato traz parte das ações do projeto de extensão "Entre lendas e contos: o papel das novas tecnologias no processo de Alfabetização” com objetivo de contribuir para o processo de letramento digital e de lecto-escritura com lendas amazônicas de alunos do 3º ano de escolas públicas de Belém-PA. São aqui relatadas duas oficinas realizadas nos meses de agosto e novembro de 2018, com alunos do 3º ano de duas escolas públicas e sob a condução de licenciandos participantes do projeto. A primeira oficina contou com alunos das escolas A e B, e a segunda, apenas com alunos da escola A. Na oficina 1, os alunos das escolas envolvidas(A e B) participaram da contação da lenda do Curupira. Na sequência, foram orientados a recontar a lenda na forma de quadrinhos, por meio do software “HagáQuê”, produzindo a retextualização; essa dinâmica repetiu-se na oficina 2, na escola A, com a lenda do Boto. Na primeira oficina, notou-se certa destreza dos alunos quanto ao uso do aplicativo, porém com limitações na escrita convencional, na seleção e combinação das letras para digitar palavras e frases, isso mais evidente nos alunos não alfabéticos, embora todos demonstrassem o interesse em ler e escrever ou digitar, atraídos pela novidade tecnológica. Na segunda oficina, realizada como complementação na escola A, observou-se avanços no manuseio digital e melhor desempenho na escrita, comparados ao momento da oficina1, através do software Hagáquê. Conclui-se que o uso de tecnologias digitais, como ferramentas para a alfabetização e letramento dos alunos com dificuldades na leitura e na escrita, mostrou-se estratégia oportuna de enfrentamento dessa realidade desafiadora, assim como de formação do professor que necessita conhecer e saber lidar com esses desafios, em prol de um letramento digital atrelado ao processo de aquisição da leitura e da escrita em contexto social.
Palavras-chave: Alfabetização. Tecnologias. Letramento digital. Leitura. Escrita
Behavioral dilemmas of the leadership in the successory process and family conflicts: evidence of entrepreneurs Brazilian descendants of german
Authors: Santos Ruan Carlos dos , Nenevê Mário , Orso Lidinei Éder , Melo Henrique de Campos
Published: February 2021

Succession and professionalization in a family business is a complicated process, several issues beyond business issues come into play, and if the process is not completed and conducted efficiently, one or more families may face serious problems. Condor SA, a company based in São Bento do Sul, SC, underwent a process of professionalization of all its management in the 90's, this change in the structure of the organization was successful, after this change the company has been growing year after year. After conducting interviews with 4 managers who were present in the organization that had the transition and succession, it was verified that this process had the participation of a leader, who was able to see the need to professionalize the company, this leader was also responsible for to lead the entire process of professionalization, mainly managing conflicts between the families that were members of the company, which today are only part of the company board.
Fatores motivadores no processo de externalização das atividades empresariais: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Fernandes Leonardo da Silva , Linck Lucio Gomes
Published: February 2021

As decisões estratégicas empresariais que indicam uma postura focada em eficácia alinhada a criação de valor ao cliente, é estimulada pelo envolvimento de todas as partes da empresa, passando desde as atividades primárias até as atividades fins. Um dos aspectos de formação da cadeia de valor, remete as decisões de externalização de atividades desta cadeia. Entender os fatores motivadores no processo de externalização é crucial no estabelecimento dos objetivos estratégicos. Este artigo objetiva construir uma investigação e análise frente as diferentes abordagens de autores, sobre os fatores e atividades que são motivadores para o processo de externalização. Foi utilizado o método de revisão da literatura, apropriado para discussões sob o ponto de vista teórico e contextual, selecionando artigos com enfoque em estudo de caso sobre o tema externalização, especialmente estudos de casos de empresas brasileiras publicados nos últimos 10 anos. Verifica-se que decisões entre fazer ou comprar estão relacionadas com a formatação da empresa diante da estratégia competitiva, da disponibilidade e know how da empresa e dos fornecedores, do acesso à tecnologia, na estrutura de custos, da geração de qualidade, da capacidade instalada, da possibilidade de ganhos de escala, e o quanto a empresa está focada no core bussiness. Estes fatores podem ser determinantes para a escolha da prática de externalização de processos e atividades da empresa. As análises dos achados trouxeram ainda os principais fatores motivadores ao processo de externalização das atividades de produção, logística e manutenção em diferentes segmentos da economia. Os resultados encontrados convergem nos fatores motivadores redução de custos, tanto em mão-de-obra quanto processos produtivos, qualificação de mão-de-obra, investimento em tecnologia, ganhos de escala e desempenho financeiro, consoantes com a literatura abordada.
Ativos biológicos: evidenciação e conformidade ao CPC 29 em empresas listadas na B3
Authors: Mazetto Nathaniel Antônio , Kruger Silvana Dalmutt , Domenico Daniela Di , Bugalho Diones Kleinibing , Bugalho Francieli Morlin
Published: February 2021

O estudo tem por objetivo analisar o nível de atendimento e conformidade na evidenciação do CPC 29 pelas empresas listadas na B3. Metodologicamente a pesquisa é de caráter descritivo, com análise documental e de cunho qualitativo. A coleta dos dados considerou as notas explicativas de empresas listadas na B3, que evidenciaram saldos de ativos biológicos em suas demonstrações contábeis nos anos de 2017 e 2018, um checklist foi aplicado para a amostra composta por 18 empresas, a partir de 17 critérios de análise. A análise evidenciou que o atendimento aos critérios do CPC 29 pelas empresas da amostra, atingiu 52,61% de conformidade em relação ao atendimento ao checklist aplicado, 88,89% das empresas, apresentaram informações qualitativas ou quantitativas de seus ativos biológicos. A empresa que melhor atendeu as conformidades do CPC 29 foi a Celulose Irani S.A., com índice de conformidade de 81,25% dos itens do checklist evidenciados. Dentre as 18 empresas da análise, 5 delas evidenciam seus ativos pelo valor justo considerando o mercado ativo, 11 delas realizaram abordagem pelo valor justo, considerando o fluxo de caixa, 7 utilizaram a abordagem pelo método de custo histórico, sendo que apenas 2 delas tem 100% de seus ativos biológicos mensurados a custo histórico. De forma geral, os resultados destacam os critérios de evidenciação dos ativos biológicos em relação à normativa CPC 29 e as especificidades da avaliação pelo valor justo, quer pelo critério de mercado ativo ou fluxo de caixa.
Economia circular e passivo ambiental da indústria têxtil: análise de empresas do setor da moda brasileiro
Authors: Silva Fernanda Costa , Silva Bárbara Gabrielle , Ornellas Ana Luiza Monteiro Bastos , Mendonça Fabrício Molica de , Ribeiro Lívia Maria de Pádua
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo investigou a Economia Circular (EC) e o passivo ambiental da indústria têxtil, na tentativa de responder o seguinte questionamento: Considerando o elevado impacto ambiental da indústria têxtil, de que maneira a adoção da EC pode ser transformada em alternativa para o lançamento estrutural do passivo ambiental de empresas do setor da moda em seus relatórios financeiros? Pretendeu-se, especificamente: (i) descrever os formatos de EC adotadas por empresas do setor da moda, (ii) identificar lançamentos estruturais de iniciativas socioambientais e (iii) identificar lançamentos estruturais do passivo ambiental. Este trabalho se justifica por discutir a problemática dos resíduos têxteis e as possibilidades alinhadas às dimensões da sustentabilidade no âmbito da indústria têxtil. A revisão teórica engloba discussões sobre sustentabilidade, economia circular e passivo ambiental. A coleta de dados se deu pela análise qualitativa de relatórios de três grandes empresas do setor da moda que já possuíam iniciativas de EC. Nos resultados, constatou-se que as empresas pesquisadas podem utilizar, de forma mais efetiva, as informações relacionadas aos gastos com iniciativas socioambientais e, também, incluir as informações acerca do passivo ambiental por meio do seu lançamento estrutural em relatórios financeiros. A EC, bem como a implementação de iniciativas socioambientais ao serem adotadas pelas empresas podem integrar as informações financeiras das organizações de forma a contrapor possíveis passivos ambientais e, assim, possibilitar a avaliação do nível do compromisso organizacional no que diz respeito à atuação em formato positivo para sociedade e limpo para o meio ambiente.
Blockchain networks :
Authors: Lesavre Loïc , Varin Priam , Yaga Dylan
Published: February 2021

Blockchain technology has enabled a new software paradigm for managing digital ownership in partial- or zero-trust environments. It uses tokens to conduct transactions, exchange verifiable data, and achieve coordination across organizations and on the web. Fundamental to this representation is that users can independently control token custody in digital wallets through public-key cryptography and interact with one another in a peer-to-peer manner. Blockchain networks provide secure transaction reconciliation, linkage, and storage in consolidated, integrity-protected distributed ledgers forming mutually operated record-keeping execution environments. Data models with varied capabilities and scopes have been defined to issue tokens, which additional protocols can help manage while enabling separation of concerns. Security and recovery mechanisms allow users to set up self-hosted, externally hosted, and hybrid account custody models. Scaling schemes have been developed to accommodate transactions off-chain with deferred on-chain settlement, as well as deposit contracts with built-in, self-enforceable conditions to exchange tokens without intermediaries, transaction submission rules to fit in with different deployment scenarios, and privacy-enhancing techniques to protect user confidentiality. Software design patterns and infrastructure tools can also make it easier to integrate blockchain networks, wallets, and external resources in user interfaces. This document provides a high-level technical overview and conceptual framework of token designs and management methods. It is built around five views: the token view, wallet view, transaction view, user interface view, and protocol view. The purpose is to lower the barriers to study, prototype, and integrate token-related standards and protocols by helping readers understand the building blocks involved both on-chain and off-chain.
Connectivism as a Potential Factor to Advertise Housing Let or Sale. A Multiple Case Study Applied in Ecuadorian Cities
Authors: Vaca-Cárdenas Mónica Elva , Ordoñez Ávila Ermenson Ricardo , Vaca-Cárdenas Leticia Azucena , Vargas Estrada Astrid Astromelia , Vaca-Cárdenas Antoni Neptalí
Published: February 2021

The use of technology plays an important role on many of the aspects cities face today. The objective of this research is to identify how connectivism is influencing the advertising of housing let or sale in the cities of Portoviejo, Quito, and Riobamba in Ecuador to then compare its
scenarios. This investigation is a multiple case study. The method for data collection was a survey applied to 369 suppliers of housing for let or sale in the three cities. Text mining techniques were used for data analysis. Results showed that the majority of housing supplier ranged 25 to
40 years old use the internet, social networks, and platforms to advertise housing let or sale.
Controlling opioid receptor functional selectivity by targeting distinct subpockets of the orthosteric site
Authors: Uprety Rajendra , Che Tao , Zaidi Saheem A , Grinnell Steven G , Varga Balázs R , Faouzi Abdelfattah , Slocum Samuel T , Allaoa Abdullah , Varadi András , Nelson Melissa , Bernhard Sarah M , Kulko Elizaveta , Le Rouzic Valerie , Eans Shainnel O , Simons Chloe A , Hunkele Amanda , Subrath Joan , Pan Ying Xian , Javitch Jonathan A , McLaughlin Jay P , Roth Bryan L , Pasternak Gavril W , Katritch Vsevolod , Majumdar Susruta
Published: February 2021

Controlling receptor functional selectivity profiles for opioid receptors is a promising approach for discovering safer analgesics; however, the structural determinants conferring functional selectivity are not well understood. Here, we used crystal structures of opioid receptors, including the recently solved active state kappa opioid complex with MP1104, to rationally design novel mixed mu (MOR) and kappa (KOR) opioid receptor agonists with reduced arrestin signaling. Analysis of structure-activity relationships for new MP1104 analogs points to a region between transmembrane 5 (TM5) and extracellular loop (ECL2) as key for modulation of arrestin recruitment to both MOR and KOR. The lead compounds, MP1207 and MP1208, displayed MOR/KOR Gi-partial agonism with diminished arrestin signaling, showed efficient analgesia with attenuated liabilities, including respiratory depression and conditioned place preference and aversion in mice. The findings validate a novel structure-inspired paradigm for achieving beneficial in vivo profiles for analgesia through different mechanisms that include bias, partial agonism, and dual MOR/KOR agonism.
Dynamic effects of genetic variation on gene expression revealed following hypoxic stress in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ward Michelle C , Banovich Nicholas E , Sarkar Abhishek , Stephens Matthew , Gilad Yoav
Published: February 2021

One life-threatening outcome of cardiovascular disease is myocardial infarction, where cardiomyocytes are deprived of oxygen. To study inter-individual differences in response to hypoxia, we established an in vitro model of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from 15 individuals. We measured gene expression levels, chromatin accessibility, and methylation levels in four culturing conditions that correspond to normoxia, hypoxia, and short- or long-term re-oxygenation. We characterized thousands of gene regulatory changes as the cells transition between conditions. Using available genotypes, we identified 1,573 genes with a cis expression quantitative locus (eQTL) in at least one condition, as well as 367 dynamic eQTLs, which are classified as eQTLs in at least one, but not in all conditions. A subset of genes with dynamic eQTLs is associated with complex traits and disease. Our data demonstrate how dynamic genetic effects on gene expression, which are likely relevant for disease, can be uncovered under stress.
A pentameric protein ring with novel architecture is required for herpesviral packaging
Authors: Didychuk Allison L , Gates Stephanie N , Gardner Matthew R , Strong Lisa M , Martin Andreas , Glaunsinger Britt A
Published: February 2021

Genome packaging in large double-stranded DNA viruses requires a powerful molecular motor to force the viral genome into nascent capsids, which involves essential accessory factors that are poorly understood. Here, we present structures of two such accessory factors from the oncogenic herpesviruses Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; ORF68) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV; BFLF1). These homologous proteins form highly similar homopentameric rings with a positively charged central channel that binds double-stranded DNA. Mutation of individual positively charged residues within but not outside the channel ablates DNA binding, and in the context of KSHV infection, these mutants fail to package the viral genome or produce progeny virions. Thus, we propose a model in which ORF68 facilitates the transfer of newly replicated viral genomes to the packaging motor.
Negative feedback couples Hippo pathway activation with Kibra degradation independent of Yorkie-mediated transcription
Authors: Tokamov Sherzod A , Su Ting , Ullyot Anne , Fehon Richard G
Published: February 2021

The Hippo (Hpo) pathway regulates tissue growth in many animals. Multiple upstream components promote Hpo pathway activity, but the organization of these different inputs, the degree of crosstalk between them, and whether they are regulated in a distinct manner is not well understood. Kibra (Kib) activates the Hpo pathway by recruiting the core Hpo kinase cassette to the apical cortex. Here, we show that the Hpo pathway downregulatesDrosophilaKib levels independently of Yorkie-mediated transcription. We find that Hpo signaling complex formation promotes Kib degradation via SCFSlimb-mediated ubiquitination, that this effect requires Merlin, Salvador, Hpo, and Warts, and that this mechanism functions independently of other upstream Hpo pathway activators. Moreover, Kib degradation appears patterned by differences in mechanical tension across the wing. We propose that Kib degradation mediated by Hpo pathway components and regulated by cytoskeletal tension serves to control Kib-driven Hpo pathway activation and ensure optimally scaled and patterned tissue growth.
TWIST1 and chromatin regulatory proteins interact to guide neural crest cell differentiation
Authors: Fan Xiaochen , Masamsetti V Pragathi , Sun Jane QJ , Engholm-Keller Kasper , Osteil Pierre , Studdert Joshua , Graham Mark E , Fossat Nicolas , Tam Patrick PL
Published: February 2021

Protein interaction is critical molecular regulatory activity underlining cellular functions and precise cell fate choices. Using TWIST1 BioID-proximity-labeling and network propagation analyses, we discovered and characterized a TWIST-chromatin regulatory module (TWIST1-CRM) in the neural crest cells (NCC). Combinatorial perturbation of core members of TWIST1-CRM: TWIST1, CHD7, CHD8, and WHSC1 in cell models and mouse embryos revealed that loss of the function of the regulatory module resulted in abnormal differentiation of NCCs and compromised craniofacial tissue patterning. Following NCC delamination, low level of TWIST1-CRM activity is instrumental to stabilize the early NCC signatures and migratory potential by repressing the neural stem cell programs. High level of TWIST1 module activity at later phases commits the cells to the ectomesenchyme. Our study further revealed the functional interdependency of TWIST1 and potential neurocristopathy factors in NCC development.
SARS-CoV-2 S protein:ACE2 interaction reveals novel allosteric targets
Authors: Raghuvamsi Palur V , Tulsian Nikhil K , Samsudin Firdaus , Qian Xinlei , Purushotorman Kiren , Yue Gu , Kozma Mary M , Hwa Wong Y , Lescar Julien , Bond Peter J , MacAry Paul A , Anand Ganesh S
Published: February 2021

The spike (S) protein is the main handle for SARS-CoV-2 to enter host cells via surface angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. How ACE2 binding activates proteolysis of S protein is unknown. Here, using amide hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations, we have mapped the S:ACE2 interaction interface and uncovered long-range allosteric propagation of ACE2 binding to sites necessary for host-mediated proteolysis of S protein, critical for viral host entry. Unexpectedly, ACE2 binding enhances dynamics at a distal S1/S2 cleavage site and flanking protease docking site ~27 Å away while dampening dynamics of the stalk hinge (central helix and heptad repeat [HR]) regions ~130 Å away. This highlights that the stalk and proteolysis sites of the S protein are dynamic hotspots in the prefusion state. Our findings provide a dynamics map of the S:ACE2 interface in solution and also offer mechanistic insights into how ACE2 binding is allosterically coupled to distal proteolytic processing sites and viral–host membrane fusion. Thus, protease docking sites flanking the S1/S2 cleavage site represent alternate allosteric hotspot targets for potential therapeutic development.
Single-cell transcriptomes of developing and adult olfactory receptor neurons in Drosophila
Authors: McLaughlin Colleen N , Brbić Maria , Xie Qijing , Li Tongchao , Horns Felix , Kolluru Sai Saroja , Kebschull Justus M , Vacek David , Xie Anthony , Li Jiefu , Jones Robert C , Leskovec Jure , Quake Stephen R , Luo Liqun , Li Hongjie
Published: February 2021

Recognition of environmental cues is essential for the survival of all organisms. Transcriptional changes occur to enable the generation and function of the neural circuits underlying sensory perception. To gain insight into these changes, we generated single-cell transcriptomes ofDrosophilaolfactory- (ORNs), thermo-, and hygro-sensory neurons at an early developmental and adult stage using single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing. We discovered that ORNs maintain expression of the same olfactory receptors across development. Using receptor expression and computational approaches, we matched transcriptomic clusters corresponding to anatomically and physiologically defined neuron types across multiple developmental stages. We found that cell-type-specific transcriptomes partly reflected axon trajectory choices in development and sensory modality in adults. We uncovered stage-specific genes that could regulate the wiring and sensory responses of distinct ORN types. Collectively, our data reveal transcriptomic features of sensory neuron biology and provide a resource for future studies of their development and physiology.
Spinal cord precursors utilize neural crest cell mechanisms to generate hybrid peripheral myelinating glia
Authors: Fontenas Laura , Kucenas Sarah
Published: February 2021

During development, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells myelinate central and peripheral nervous system axons, respectively, while motor exit point (MEP) glia are neural tube-derived, peripheral glia that myelinate axonal territory between these populations at MEP transition zones. From which specific neural tube precursors MEP glia are specified, and how they exit the neural tube to migrate onto peripheral motor axons, remain largely unknown. Here, using zebrafish, we found that MEP glia arise from lateral floor plate precursors and requirefoxd3to delaminate and exit the spinal cord. Additionally, we show that similar to Schwann cells, MEP glial development depends on axonally derivedneuregulin1. Finally, our data demonstrate that overexpressing axonal cues is sufficient to generate additional MEP glia in the spinal cord. Overall, these studies provide new insight into how a novel population of hybrid, peripheral myelinating glia are generated from neural tube precursors and migrate into the periphery.
Residue-by-residue analysis of cotranslational membrane protein integration in vivo
Authors: Nicolaus Felix , Metola Ane , Mermans Daphne , Liljenström Amanda , Krč Ajda , Abdullahi Salmo Mohammed , Zimmer Matthew , Miller III Thomas F , von Heijne Gunnar
Published: February 2021

We follow the cotranslational biosynthesis of three multispanning Escherichia coli inner membrane proteins in vivo using high-resolution force profile analysis. The force profiles show that the nascent chain is subjected to rapidly varying pulling forces during translation and reveal unexpected complexities in the membrane integration process. We find that an N-terminal cytoplasmic domain can fold in the ribosome exit tunnel before membrane integration starts, that charged residues and membrane-interacting segments such as re-entrant loops and surface helices flanking a transmembrane helix (TMH) can advance or delay membrane integration, and that point mutations in an upstream TMH can affect the pulling forces generated by downstream TMHs in a highly position-dependent manner, suggestive of residue-specific interactions between TMHs during the integration process. Our results support the ‘sliding’ model of translocon-mediated membrane protein integration, in which hydrophobic segments are continually exposed to the lipid bilayer during their passage through the SecYEG translocon.
The distinct roles of calcium in rapid control of neuronal glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle
Authors: Díaz-García Carlos Manlio , Meyer Dylan J , Nathwani Nidhi , Rahman Mahia , Martínez-François Juan Ramón , Yellen Gary
Published: February 2021

When neurons engage in intense periods of activity, the consequent increase in energy demand can be met by the coordinated activation of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. However, the trigger for glycolytic activation is unknown and the role for Ca2+ in the mitochondrial responses has been debated. Using genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors and NAD(P)H autofluorescence imaging in acute hippocampal slices, here we find that Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondria is responsible for the buildup of mitochondrial NADH, probably through Ca2+ activation of dehydrogenases in the TCA cycle. In the cytosol, we do not observe a role for the Ca2+/calmodulin signaling pathway, or AMPK, in mediating the rise in glycolytic NADH in response to acute stimulation. Aerobic glycolysis in neurons is triggered mainly by the energy demand resulting from either Na+ or Ca2+ extrusion, and in mouse dentate granule cells, Ca2+ creates the majority of this demand.
Rapid coral reef assessment using 3D modelling and acoustics: acoustic indices correlate to fish abundance, diversity and environmental indicators in West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Peck Mika , Tapilatu Ricardo F. , Kurniati Eveline , Rosado Christopher
Published: February 2021

Background

Providing coral reef systems with the greatest chance of survival requires effective assessment and monitoring to guide management at a range of scales from community to government. The development of rapid monitoring approaches amenable to collection at community level, yet recognised by policymakers, remains a challenge. Technologies can increase the scope of data collection. Two promising visual and audio approaches are (i) 3D habitat models, generated through photogrammetry from video footage, providing assessment of coral cover structural metrics and (ii) audio, from which acoustic indices shown to correlate to vertebrate and invertebrate diversity, can be extracted.

Methods

We collected audio and video imagery using low cost underwater cameras (GoPro Hero7™) from 34 reef samples from West Papua (Indonesia). Using photogrammetry one camera was used to generate 3D models of 4 m2 reef, the other was used to estimate fish abundance and collect audio to generate acoustic indices. We investigated relationships between acoustic metrics, fish abundance/diversity/functional groups, live coral cover and reef structural metrics.

Results

Generalized linear modelling identified significant but weak correlations between live coral cover and structural metrics extracted from 3D models and stronger relationships between live coral and fish abundance. Acoustic indices correlated to fish abundance, species richness and reef functional metrics associated with overfishing and algal control. Acoustic Evenness (1,200–11,000 Hz) and Root Mean Square RMS (100–1,200 Hz) were the best individual predictors overall suggesting traditional bioacoustic indices, providing information on sound energy and the variability in sound levels in specific frequency bands, can contribute to reef assessment.

Conclusion

Acoustics and 3D modelling contribute to low-cost, rapid reef assessment tools, amenable to community-level data collection, and generate information for coral reef management. Future work should explore whether 3D models of standardised transects and acoustic indices generated from low cost underwater cameras can replicate or support ‘gold standard’ reef assessment methodologies recognised by policy makers in marine management.
Atribuibilidad al Estado de Chile de actos y omisiones de sus empresas públicas del sector extractivo a la luz de la jurisprudencia de Tribunales Regionales de Derechos Humanos
Authors:   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Schönsteiner Judith , Martinez Vicente ,   Universidad Diego Portales (Chile), Miranda Carlos
Published: February 2021

Este artículo mostrará cómo las dos grandes empresas públicas chilenas que están activas en el rubro extractivo, CODELCO y ENAP, pueden generar responsabilidad internacional del Estado por hechos internacionalmente ilícitos, particularmente, en materia ambiental o de derechos humanos. Para ello, se derivan criterios sobre atribuibilidad de actos y omisiones de CODELCO y ENAP al Estado, a partir del derecho internacional general y la jurisprudencia de tribunales de derechos humanos; estos criterios se aplican a la normativa y práctica administrativa de nuestro país para finalmente concluir que actos y omisiones de las empresas estudiadas efectivamente, son atribuibles al Estado de Chile.
Sobre el modelo de apreciación de abusividad en la ley Nº 19.496, con especial referencia a su artículo 16 letra G). Bases para una diferenciación entre el control de contenido y el de sorpresividad
Authors:   Universidad de Chile, Campos Micin Sebastián Nicolás
Published: February 2021

A la luz de los modelos presentes en el derecho alemán y la Directiva 93/13/ CEE, se analiza el modelo de apreciación de abusividad que establece el artículo 16 letra g) de la ley No 19.496. Se explica cómo parte de nuestra doctrina y jurisprudencia acercan el control de contenido al de sorpresividad. Se aduce que esta aproximación entraña el riesgo de desvirtuar el control de contenido, justificando la validez de cláusulas que, pese a introducir desequilibrios normativos significativos al contrato, han sido adecuadamente informadas al adherente. Se propone que la apreciación de abusividad se mantenga en los límites abstractos contemplados en la mentada 16 letra g), fundando el control de sorpresividad en otras reglas de la ley No 19.496 y del Código Civil.
Values and Performance of Teacher Education Students in the University of Eastern Philippines
Authors: Galit- Lluz Vanessa
Published: February 2021

This paper evaluates the values and the academic performance of BEED 3 students in the University of Eastern Philippines - System. This study was specifically concerned in determining the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, educational attainment of parents, family income, nature of employment of parents, number of children and religious affiliation. Further, this was undertaken to find out the level of the academic performance of students and the values practiced by the BEED 3 teacher education students in the three campuses of the University of Eastern Philippines System and to determine the significant relationship between the values practices by the BEED students and their academic performance. With the purpose to achieve a rigorous finding this study utilized the descriptive-correlational research design. The respondent of this study comprised the 90 students specializing in Bachelor in Elementary Education who were third year college students in the three campuses of the University of Eastern Philippines – System, drawn through a representative sample technique. Particularly the statistical tool used in this study were frequency counts, percentages, weighted mean and multiple regression analysis. Majority of the respondents were within 19-22 years of age and mostly were female. Their parents were college level, with a monthly income ranging from P 25, 000 to P 29, 000, government employees, with 5 to 6 children and Roman Catholic by faith. The students were very good in their academic performance in English, Mathematics and Values Education. However, the BEED students practiced more values in personalism, close family ties, smooth interpersonal relation, hard work and industry, love for God and rationalism. Moreover, the academic performance was significantly related to values because of the F ratio of 1.619 which is greater than the significant F of 0.206. The coefficient determination explained the degree of influence of values to academic performance, it can be inferred that students having favorable values have greater academic performance.
The Effect of Retinoic Acid on the Development of Neural Tube at Early Stages of Chicken Embryo
Authors: Saad Kawakeb A. , Alsageer Eman A.
Published: February 2021

Aims: this study aimed to find out the effect of application of 1.5 mg\ml of retinoic acid on chicken development at different stages of neural tube development.

Methodology: thirty fertile domestic Gallus gallus eggs were divided into three groups of 10 eggs for each. These groups repeated four time for four different stages HH8, HH10, HH15 and HH18. Retinoic acid (RA) or dimethyl sulphoxide (DEMSO) was injected through the air sac, and the eggs were incubated for another 24 h. Eggs were opened after 24 or 48 h of incubation, and the embryos were evaluated morphologically and histologically.

Results: The results of this experiment indicated that, In control group and DEMSO group none exhibited neural tube defects neural tube (NTDs). However group treated with 1.5mg/ml of RA exhibit sever NTDs and malformed at the head, cranial and cardiac regions. Shape of the lumen and spatial arrangement of the cell populations of floor plate and roof plate of neural tube has been changed after RA treatment.

Conclusion: Association of excises RA with neural tube defects was demonstrated in the present study on neurulation process during embryogenesis.
Predictors of Transannular Patch Enlargement in Tetralogy of Fallot Repair; a Single Center Experience
Authors: Tabansi Petronila N. , Barghava Sanjukta Bose , Prabhu Atul , Onubogu Uchenna , Takhur Prashant , Yaldo Fitoon , Barghava Nishith , Ketawa Ashish , Adiele Kenedy D. , Otaigbe Barbara
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) accounts for 5% to 10% of all congenital heart diseases (CHD) and is the commonest cyanotic heart disease beyond the neonatal period. Surgical repair is directed at relieving the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) and has evolved over time from the frequent use of transannular patch enlargement (TAPE) of the pulmonary valve annulus (PVA), to the more recent trend of conservation of the PVA using valve-sparing surgical techniques. This is latter technique is preferred to avoid serious and progressive complications associated with TAPE. The decision on TAPE is primarily base on the PVA z-score which is subject to variability across different surgeons and centers; as such, other parameters have been proposed and some determined to be better predictors of TAPE in ToF surgeries.

Aim: To determine the predictors of transannular patch enlargement in ToF surgeries in a CHD specialist center. 

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all patient with ToF who presented at a major CHD center - the Sri Sathya Sai Sanjeevani Hospital (SSSSH), in Raipur India between July 2018 to April 2019. Parameters sought and obtained included patients’ demographics, anthropometry and echocardiographic parameters. The z-scores and other derivable variables were calculated and entered into a data base. Analysis using SPSS was done. Descriptive statistics was used to represent continuous variables in means, medians and ranges while categorical variables were represented in bar chats. Analysis of variance was done among group means.

Results: There were 135 patients with age range from 7months to 199 months, with more males 89 (65.9%). TAPE was done in 36(26.7%). The aortic valve diameter (18.3 Vs 20mm, p=0.037), Pulmonary valve diameter (10.1 vs 12.0mm, P=0.003), and pulmonary valve Z-score (-2.48 vs -1.47, p=0.011) were significantly smaller for the group that received TAPE. Univariate analysis of the great artery ratio (PVA/AoV) did not significantly predict TAPE use. However, a GA ratio of < 0.54 was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of having TAPE, odds ratio 2.37(CI: 1.47 to 3.9). Multivariate logistic for use of TAPE in TOF explained 15% (R2) of the variance seen in the use of TAPE and correctly predicted 70.8% of the children with TOF who received TAPE. The area under curve for predictability of who received TAPE was 65% (95% CI 53.5% to 76.6.

Conclusion: The PVA diameter, Aortic valve diameter and PVA z-score are predictors of TAPE. A GA ratio < 0.54 increases the likelihood of TAPE. Clinical parameters are not useful as determinants of TAPE.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to COVID-19 Prevention among Health Care Workers in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Oche Oche M. , Adamu Habibullah , Yahaya Musa , Raji Ismail A. , Illo Hudu Garba , Kontagora Zainab Abdullahi , Danmadami Abdulaziz Mohammad , Ijapa Adamu , Wali Asmau , Yusuf Hamza , Aji Abba
Published: February 2021

Aims: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices related to coronavirus pandemic among health care workers in Sokoto metropolis of Sokoto State, Nigeria. 

Study Design: A cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Sokoto metropolis, northwest Nigeria between July and October 2020

Methodology: Four hundred and twenty-seven respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected manually using a self-administered questionnaire entered into the computer for analysis using IBM SPSS version 25 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and frequencies of the various variables were tabulated.

Results: The mean age was 35.16+- 9.25 years, with those aged 30-39 years constituting 38% of the respondents. There were 53.2% males, 47.3% nurses, and 27.2% doctors, and 71.6% of the respondents were from tertiary health institutions, out of which 42% had 1-5 years of work experience. Up to 99% were aware of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and overall, 78.2% had good knowledge, and 91% of all the respondents had positive attitudes towards the pandemic (p-value 0.001). Overall, 68.4% of the health workforce had appropriate practices towards preventing COVID-19, and 83% were willing to be posted to isolation centers with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE).

Conclusion: The study demonstrated significant awareness and knowledge of COVID-19 amongst the health workforce in Sokoto with significant positive attitudes towards the pandemic and appropriate practices towards preventing the pandemic and willingness to work in isolation centers to support the prevention of the pandemic.
Caregivers’ Perception and Practice of Infection Prevention and Control for COVID-19 at a Tertiary Centre, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Eke G. K. , Yaguo-Ide L. E.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The World Health Organization had recommended a multi-prong approach for the prevention and control of COVID-19, which has risen into a major global public health challenge. Government of nations are to disseminate information on these protective measures to the general public to mitigate the spread of the disease. However, people’s adherence to these preventive strategies is essential to guarantee success.

Objective: To appraise the perception and practice of recommended measures for the prevention and control of COVID-19 by caregivers of children attending the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among parents/caregivers of children attending the Children’s Out Patient clinics, wards and emergency room of the Department of Paediatrics at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, between August and September 2020. Information obtained using a structured investigator-administered questionnaire included bio data and perception about COVID-19 while practice of its preventive measures was observed. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25. 

Results: All participants (161) have heard about COVID-19, mainly through the television and radio. The majority of them (n=141, 87.6%) knew that a combination of measures is needed for its prevention. More than half of participants (59%) washed their hands with water and soap provided, 89% of them had a facemask, a lesser proportion (58%) wore the mask and an even lesser proportion (28.6%) of them wore it properly. There was no significant difference between level of education or occupation of caregivers and proper wearing of the facemask.

Conclusion: Though the awareness of COVID-19 was high, there was a gap between perception and practice of its preventive measures. Health education and innovative local strategies are recommended, to help improve the people’s acceptance of, and compliance to the stipulated multi-prong preventive measures.