bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation the mechanical properties of PMMA / ZrO2 nanoparticles for dental application
Authors: Logean Qadri Al-Karam  , Sadeer  M.Majeed
Published: August 2019

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) mechanical strength still has a couple of disadvantages form long term denture. This work aims to evaluate the influence of Zirconium nanoparticle (ZrO2) with various concentrations (0.15, 0.35, 0.6, 0.9) on tensile, compression, fatigue strength, and hardness test. The rise of the ZrO2 nanoparticles ratio yielded to a proportional increase in the material composite strength of tensile. In addition, the compression test showed that the ZrO2 ratio rise increased the compressive strength of the compound material. As for the hardness test, it has been noted that the article has a high hardness ratio and is almost perfect. Moreover, the rate of fatigue test, which is a measure of the susceptibility of corrosion-resistant material, yielded good result in which the content has shown the ability to resist erosion for a long time. All over, the results mentioned above showed reliable capacity for denture base material with improved strength, fatigue, hardness and compression with the of addition ZrO2 nanoparticles to PMMA.
Identidade, cultura e representação
Authors: Burgardt Vitor Hugo
Published: August 2019

O presente texto, ao mesmo tempo em que aborda aspectos identitários, culturais e do representacional da sociedade roraimense, como parte de um estudo mais amplo em desenvolvimento no Curso de Doutorado em História Cultural da UnB, propõe uma reflexão sobre o repensar o conhecimento histórico a partir de estudos de comunidades indígenas, sugerindo como ponto de partida os métodos de história oral e a análise do discurso jornalístico, este, como importante vetor a ser considerado no estudo do representacional, imprescindível, portanto, para uma análise dos aspectos aqui abordados. Sugere, também, que este repensar o conhecimento histórico seja enriquecido por um melhor aproveitamento das fontes alternativas, tratadas neste artigo como pequenos relatos.
Mão-de-obra indígena na Amazônia Colonial
Authors: Sousa James
Published: August 2019

Uma das características marcantes do processo de conquista português na Amazônia foi a utilização da mão-de-obra indígena. Colonos, missionários e a Coroa portuguesa envolveram-se em constantes embates e também em conivências que definiram tragicamente o destino dos índios. Diversas leis, regimentos e decretos foram criados pelo Estado português, ao longo do período colonial, que refletiram o poder político dos interessados na proteção ou manutenção da mão-de-obra indígena, tais determinações jurídicas quando favoreciam os índios eram logo derrubadas, não cumpridas ou criavam-se brechas para justificar o aprisionamento e escravidão dos mesmos. As diferentes posturas adotadas pelas ordens religiosas, responsáveis por exercerem o contato com os índios, foram constantes na polêmica que instaurou-se nos confins amazônicos.
Para não esquecer de lembrar
Authors: Pinto Ana Flávia
Published: August 2019

Ao reconhecer a existência da imprensa negra brasileira do século XIX e sistematizar um conjunto de oito jornais, o trabalho apresentado neste artigo se inscreve nos estudos sobre os processos de construção identitária de pessoas negras livres em meio à vigência do sistema escravista e seus desdobramentos imediatos. Ainda que localizados em espaços e períodos diversos – Rio de Janeiro (1833), Recife (1876), São Paulo (1889 e 1899) e Porto Alegre (1892-1897) –, esses periódicos vieram à baila em momentos marcantes para a história política brasileira e trouxeram representações, senão inversas, conflitantes. Entre as estratégias argumentativas, empreenderam o aproveitamento dos valores da democracia moderna, dos ideais iluministas e liberais para colocá-los a serviço do combate à discriminação racial e do estabelecimento de uma democracia efetiva. Desse modo, colocaram em xeque as efetivas condições de realização das promessas da igualdade moderna no Brasil oitocentista.
As correntezas do amor
Authors: Araújo Tiago
Published: August 2019

O artigo intitulado Nas correntezas do amor: A Guerra do Paraguai (1864-1870) nas Cartas de Custódio de Melo a sua noiva prometida Janú apresentou correspondências decaráter particular que fornecem elementos para o estudo do conflito platino. O autor informa o evento guerra a partir de dois pontos de vista. O primeiro deles revela que os combatentes foram à guerra motivados por questões pessoais, ou seja, em busca de promoções militares e pagamento de soldos. O segundo ponto de vista associou o conflito ao cotidiano, apresentando os campos de batalha como espaços onde o sofrimento e a dor causados pela dificuldades impostas pelo conflito. Assim, refletimos sobre os limites do projeto político imperial quanto a elaboração de imagens e idéias de Brasil. As fontes indicaram que a iniciativa governamental esbarra nos interesses individuais, não assegurando o desejado amor à pátria.
Norbert Elias
Authors: Gonçalves Huener , Silva Francismary
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo visa fazer um breve apanhado da produção bibliográfica do sociólogo Norbert Elias voltada para a sociologia do conhecimento e ciência, aindadesconhecida do público brasileiro. Em um segundo momento, procuraremos vislumbrar de que maneira ferramentas conceituais como redes de interdependência e figuraçõesestabelecidos-outsiders podem nos auxiliar na análise do desenvolvimento das ciências. Ao discutirmos a relação cientista-comunidade científica, daremos ênfase à própria trajetória de Elias, uma vez que nossa hipótese é de que a sua visão sobre sua posição na comunidade de sociólogos pode nos possibilitar a compreensão de como suas principais ferramentasmetodológicas podem nos ajudar a compreender a lógica da relação entre indivíduos dentro dessa figuração.
Homens de letras e imprensa periódica no Rio de Janeiro (1836-1869)
Authors: Lima Lílian
Published: August 2019

Este artigo aborda o universo letrado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante a primeira metade do século XIX. Através da análise de revistas culturais que circularam entre os anosde 1836 e 1869 pretende-se compreender o lugar ocupado pela produção escrita assim como mapear a atuação dos homens de letras na vida cultural brasileira. Para tanto, apresentaremos algumas características das revistas, como as suas variadas seções e as temáticas de maior incidência, para em seguida nos dedicarmos a análise do papel dos homens de letras nesse período da história brasileira.
DEMOCRACIA RACIAL EM NOME DO PROGRESSO DA PÁTRIA
Authors: Pinto Ana Flávia Magalhães
Published: August 2019

A despeito do reconhecimento de outros periódicos oitocentistas anteriores à abolição do sistema escravista, este artigo se volta ao apresentado por dois jornais da imprensa negra paulista no século XIX: A Pátria − órgam dos homens de cor, de 1889; e O Progresso − órgam dos homens de cor, de 1899. As datas dos lançamentos acenam para a possibilidade de diálogo com algumas representações forjadas no calor da hora por membros do grupo sociorracial negro paulistano, não mais dividido entre livres, libertos e escravizados, durante os anos que seguiram à abolição e os primeiros anos da República. Embora os responsáveis por O Progresso reconheçam e reverenciem a anterior atuação de A Pátria, os dez anos que os separam parecem ter sido suficientes para alterações substanciais no entendimento acerca das condições de a cidadania se efetivar para os negros em fins do século XIX.
INDIGENISMO E INDIANISMO
Authors: Bicalho Poliene Soares dos Santos
Published: August 2019

Este estudo tem por objetivo apresentar algumas considerações acerca da atuação do Movimento Indígena no Brasil e na Bolívia, assim como analisar as relações entre o Indigenismo e o Indianismo nos dois países, observando suas especificidades e variações quanto às posturas adotadas pelo Estado e pela Sociedade Civil.
“Eu te darei um coração capaz de me amar”
Authors: Nobre Edianne
Published: August 2019

No final do século XIX a Diocese cearense instaurou um processo a fim de investigar a ocorrência de um possível milagre eucarístico. Neste trabalho, apresentamos a trajetória da beata Maria de Araújo conjeturando que os depoimentos desta beata estão inseridos em uma tradição mística que tem no Barroco seu ponto alto. Tomando como viés interpretativo a teatralização dos eventos ocorridos com Maria de Araújo, discutimos a partir da sua narrativa, como a experiência religiosa e mística do “corpo sofredor” – enquanto instrumento divino - será traduzida na transformação de Juazeiro como espaço de sacralidade.
Dossiê homenagem
Authors: Pantoja Selma
Published: August 2019

Dossiê homenagem
Na fronteira da família
Authors: Cardozo José Carlos Da Silva
Published: August 2019

O Juizado de Órfãos foi uma importante instituição que zelou pelos direitos e deveres para com os menores que, por causa da desestruturação familiar, necessitavam de um adulto legalmente constituído para ser seu responsável, contribuindo, assim, para a formulação de novos arranjos familiares. Esse texto, à luz da História Social, analisa a prática utilizada pelos juízes de órfãos de Porto Alegre, quando havia a necessidade de se tutelar um menor.
A província do Amazonas e o sistema representativo no Brasil Imperial
Authors: Gregório Vitor Marcos
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar um momento chave do processo decisório em torno da criação da província do Amazonas: os debates parlamentares em torno de sua representatividade na Câmara e no Senado, e a terceira discussão, que aprovou em definitivo o que os deputados haviam decidido até então. Ambos se passaram no ano de 1843, em um período de profundas modificações políticas e, por isso mesmo, de grande importância para a formação do Estado nacional brasileiro. Este texto é parte de uma pesquisa maior, realizada em nível de doutorado, que tem por objetivo analisar os projetos de criação de províncias no Brasil Imperial.
GRINBERG, Lúcia. Partido político ou bode expiatório. Um estudo sobre a Aliança Renovadora Nacional (ARENA), 1965-1979. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X, 2009, 301p.
Authors: Pantoja João Leonel
Published: August 2019

GRINBERG, Lúcia. Partido político ou bode expiatório. Um estudo sobre a Aliança Renovadora Nacional (ARENA), 1965-1979. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X, 2009, 301p.
A Ditadura Militar e o insulamento burocrático
Authors: Oliveira Sonale Diane Pastro
Published: August 2019

Nesse momento em que se discute a reforma do Estado, num processo de consolidação do regime democrático, a proposta deste artigo é analisar, à partir da perspectiva histórica de construção do Moderno Estado Brasileiro, a relação entre insulamento burocrático e autoritarismo. Para tanto, partindo de fundamental arcabouço teórico, optamos pelo período da Ditadura Militar iniciada em 1964, focando a análise na atuação do Serviço Nacional de Informações (SNI), destacado órgão da burocracia estatal. Pretendemos vislumbrar em que medida esse organismo ultrapassou suas funções puramente burocráticas e até que ponto essa disfunção foi importante sustentáculo do regime ditatorial, em particular durante os ‘anos de chumbo’ (1969-1973).
Espaços de memória
Authors: Gumieri Julia
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho visa contribuir para a reflexão histórica sobre os processos de reparação do legado de violações de direitos humanos cometidos durante a última ditadura militar no Brasil e na Argentina. Face aos deveres do Estado – estabelecidos dentro do conceito de justiça de transição – e à elaboração de políticas de memória, destacamos a iniciativa da memorialização como instrumento destas políticas reparatórias que tem se consolidado em ambos países diante das necessidades de implementação de mecanismos que garantam a efetividade do direito à memória, à verdade e à justiça. Em diálogo com este contexto, apresentamos a idealização de dois espaços de memória – o Memorial da Resistência de São Paulo e a Escuela de Mecánica de la Armada em Buenos Aires – como espaços públicos cujo propósito social é estabelecer um vínculo entre as experiências do passado e da vida cotidiana atual, facilitando o conhecimento do que se sucedeu através da documentação histórica levantada por pesquisas, por meio da arte e de atividades culturais. Nestes espaços, a partir da elaboração de discursos de memória e da necessidade de fundamentar caminhos para transmitir mensagens sobre o passado repressivo às novas gerações, as experiências ganham caráter coletivo e intensidade política sob a proposta do não esquecimento.
Olhares para a memória e para o tempo presente
Authors: Maciel Suellen Neto Pires
Published: August 2019

Este texto realiza uma reflexão inicial a respeito das relações entre história, memória e direitos humanos. Desse modo, foram selecionados itens do programa de governo apresentado pelo Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) na eleição presidencial de 2006, especificamente o tópico Direitos Humanos, e também trechos do Programa Nacional de Direitos Humanos 3 (PNDH 3) apresentado pela Secretaria de Direitos Humanos da Presidência da República, em 2010, notadamente o eixo orientador VI intitulado Direito à Memória e à Verdade tendo em vista que tocam diretamente em questões que conjugam história, memória e direitos humanos.
Les Capiekrans
Authors: Ignace Etienne
Published: August 2019

Ignace, Etienne (1910). Les Capiekrans. Revue Internationale d’Ethnologie et de Linguistique Anthropos V, Viena, pp. 473-482
Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Job Performance of Teachers: Mediating Role of Psychological Well-being.
Authors: Ahmed Nisar , Malik Beenish
Published: August 2019

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the impact of psychological empowerment and psychological well-being on the performance of teachers and to explore the effect of psychological well-being as a mediator between psychological empowerment and performance.

Research Design/Methodology: Convenience sampling was used to collect data from 261 secondary school teachers through a survey questionnaire in this cross-sectional study. The collected data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS software 23. Coefficient correlation, multiple regression and mediation analyses were carried out in pursuance of study objectives.

Findings: it was found that psychological empowerment and well-being were significantly and positively related to job performance of teachers. Moreover, results showed that psychological well-being partially mediated the relationship between psychological empowerment and well-being.

Practical Implications: When teachers perceive higher level of psychological factors (viz. psychological empowerment & well-being), they perform better. Therefore, it is essential for administrators and executives to attend to psychological factors of teachers in order to increase their performance.
Complexity measures of sports facilities allocation in urban area by metric entropy and public demand compatibility
Authors: Bilgi Serdar , GULNERMAN Ayse Giz , ARSLANOĞLU Birgül , KARAMAN Himmet , ÖZTÜRK Özge
Published: August 2019

Sports has an important role for the health of present societies and the next generations as an element of urban design. Sports facilities have strong effects on the social life in urban areas. The facilities supply the communication between the dynamics of the cities and generate synergy in the city life of people interacting with each other for improvement in their lives. Before the construction of the sports facilities, the planners must evaluate the type and size of them in terms of the population of the whole city and, the population of neighboring settlement areas, which use the facility. Entropy can be used as a criterion for the quantitative measure of spatial information on maps. In the study, the location of the sports facilities in Istanbul are compared by using the entropy as a quantitative criterion. As a result, the success of the location selection for the sports facilities in urban areas are estimated by using the entropy as a component. Metric entropy method and applications were carried out by a case study in the city of Istanbul for defining the spatial distribution of sports facility locations with the posts of people including "sports" and sports-related keywords on social media.
Land surface temperature anomalies in response to changes in forest cover
Authors: KHORRAMİ Behnam , GUNDUZ Orhan , PATEL Nilanchal , GHOUZLANE Souad , NAJJAR Mohamed
Published: August 2019

Land cover/use changes specially the forest cover changes affect the local surface temperature (LST) of the earth. In this study, a combination of remote sensing and GIS techniques was used to scrutinize the interactions between LST anomalies and deforestation in Sardasht County, NW Iran. The land cover/use change layers of the study area were extracted from Landsat satellite imagery based on Binary Encoding classification and change detection technique. The radiometric correction analysis were done for each Landsat image to derive LST map layers. According to the results, a descending trend in forest cover with a total 2560 ha decline in area and an ascending trend of about 4 degrees rise in surface temperature values on both forest and non-forest areas were detected in the study area from 1984 to 2017. The temporal and spatial analysis yielded high rates of reverse temporal correlation (-0.81) between forest areas and LST anomalies while the correlation value of 0.76 was found for non-forest areas and LST. The regression analysis of the values confirmed the correlation results to be trustable at 99 percent. It was also found that the deforested areas of the study area correlate with the LST rise spatially with a very high correlation (0.98) from which a tangible interaction of the parameters can be inferred.
Арт-терапия в системе методов психофизической реабилитации
Authors: Chalanova Raisa
Published: August 2019

Актуальность темы исследований. В системе восстановительно-оздоровительных мероприятий  в современной медицине реабилитации уделяется все больше внимания специалистов. Достижение более високих результатов лечения больных в целом и повышение эффективности восстановительного лечения  является адекватным запросом общества. Таким образом, поиск новых и усовершенствование известных методов реаабилитации является актуальным направлением исследований. Один из путей повышения эффективности реабилитационных мероприятий – мобилизация всех внутренних ресурсов организма. В этом отношении интерес представляет активация не только периферического звена, на котором в основном строится вся система  реабилитации, но и стимуляция центрального, регулирующего звена с обязательным включением в полный цикл восстановительных процессов психологического компонента. Так как этим требованиям удовлетворяет арттерапия, для специалистов представляется целесообразным больше внимания уделить именно этому методу. Цель исследований. Работа раскрывает обоснование эффективности включения арттерапии в систему психофизической реабилитацции. Методы исследований. Материалом для проведення исследований явились современные источники научной литературы, в которых отражаются результаты исследований функционирования высших отделов нервной системы при применении различных направлений арттерапии. Результати. На основании анализа литературных данных установлена роль психологического компонента в патогенезе заболеваний различной этиологии и его значимость в системе реабилитационных мероприятий. Отмечается целесообразность подхода к рассмотрению системы восстановительного лечения как психо-физической реабилитации. С этой точки зрения, арттерапия как элемент мощного психологического воздействия, безусловно, играет свою позитивную роль в стимуляции восстановительных процессов и является основанием для расширения показаний к ее применению в психо- физической реабилитации. Выводы. По результатам проведенного анализа литературных данных делается заключение о том, что позитивным механизмом воздействия арттерапии в процессе реабилитации является не только элемент творческой целенаправленной деятельности пациента, важны также эстетический компонент и способ отвлечения от негативного состояния. Доказанным является факт мобилизации способности головного мозга к высокой пластичности нейроструктур и активация сенсорно-моторных систем для создания новых нейронних сетей, которые реализуются под влиянием арттерапии, чем и объясняется достигаемый терапевтический эффект.
Моделювання фізичної підготовленості дзюдоїстів 10–12 років на основі соматотипування
Authors: Bekas Olha , Palamarchuk Julia , Korolchuk Anatoly , Lomynoga Serhii
Published: August 2019

Актуальність теми дослідження зумовлена внесенням змін до процесу підготовки дзюдоїстів 10–12 років на основі диференційованого підходу, який ґрунтується на конституційних особливостях спортсменів та враховує сенситивні періоди розвитку окремих рухових якостей. Мета – на основі аналізу  морфофункціональних особливостей створити й науково обґрунтувати індивідуальні моделі фізичної підготовленості дзюдоїстів на етапі попередньої базової підготовки під час підготовчого періоду річного макроциклу. Методи дослідження – педагогічний експеримент, медико-біологічні методи (соматоскопія, соматометрія та соматотипування), рухові тести– тестування загальної й спеціальної фізичної підготовленості, методи математичної статистики. Результати  роботи. У педагогічному експерименті брали участь 88 дзюдоїстів 10–12 років. На підставі антропометричних досліджень та методики соматотипування вивчено особливості будови тіла юних спортсменів  і  визначені соматотипи. Виявлено 32 % представників торакального, 34,3 % – м’язового та 32 % дигестивного типу тілобудови. Виявлено відмінності прояву рухових якостей дзюдоїстів 10–11 та 11–12 років залежно від їхнього типу статури. Дзюдоїсти м’язового соматотипу, порівняно з дигестивним і торакальним, відзначаються кращими результатами за найбільшою кількістю рухових тестів. Зокрема, у 10–11 років відзначаються кращими проявами спеціальних якостей борця, загальної й силової витривалості, гнучкості. В 11–12 років вони переважають представників  інших соматотипів у прояві швидкісно-силової витривалості, швидкісної сили, загальної витривалості, спритності, силової витривалості та гнучкості. Отримані результати послужили підставою для розподілу юних дзюдоїстів за соматотипами для створення диференційованих тренувальних програм. Ключові висновки: проведений аналіз і представлені моделі фізичної підготовленості стали основою для розробки оцінних критеріїв  рівня  розвитку загальних і спеціальних фізичних якостей. Вони дають змогу диференційовано здійснювати оцінку та управляти навчально-тренувальним процесом юних дзюдоїстів на етапі попередньої базової підготовки.
Diagnostics and treatment of adrenal tumors detected accidentally
Authors: Stefanowicz-Rutkowska Magdalena Maria , Myszka-Podgórska Katarzyna , Matuszewski Wojciech , Rutkowska Joanna , Bandurska-Stankiewicz Elżbieta
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The adrenal glands are paired and located in the retroperitoneal
space, above the upper pole of the kidney. Adrenal tumors depending on
the histopathological structure, may be divided into: epithelial, mesenchymal,
lymphoid and adrenal medulla tumors. Depending on the etiology, distinguishes
between tumors, inflammatory tumors, true adrenal cysts, pseudocysts and
parasitic adenomas and proliferative processes. The adrenal incydentaloma is a
pathological tissue in the adrenal gland, with a diameter of ≥ 1 cm, diagnosed
during diagnostics for reasons other than adrenal pathology.
Aim: The work aims to discuss the latest available diagnostic and therapeutic
methods of incidentalomas, which are an increasing clinical problem, due to the
increasing availability of imaging ultrasonography and computed tomography.
Material and methods: The paper was based on the available literature of
the subject, magazines and the latest guidelines.
Results and discussion: In diagnosing adrenal tumors, imaging diagnostics
(ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, positron emission
tomography, scintigraphy, fine needle aspiration biopsy), hormonal (ACTH, cortisol,
dexamethasone suppression tests, diurnal excretion of free cortisol in urine
and/or 17 hydroxycorthoroids, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, chromogranin A, metanephrins in plasma and excreted in urine and biochemic. Adrenal
glands may have hormonal activity: a pheochromocytoma usually produces adrenaline
and norepinephrine, and rarely dopamine; adrenocortical tumors that
excessive produce cortisol cause ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome; adrenal
tumors may also secrete excess aldosterone and androgens.
Conclusions: Adrenal incydentaloma are common in everyday clinical practice
and its treatment is established on the basis of interviews, physical examination,
tumor phenotype in computed tomography and tumor hormonal activity
Membran Separasi Serat Berongga untuk Hemodialisis
Authors: Raja Krisna Lumban
Published: August 2019

Polimer mempunyai aplikasi luas. Campuran heterogennya membentuk struktur fasa terpisah menjadi membran untuk membuat perangkat medis. Fungsi membran melakukan penghalangan selektif dengan aspek keragaman : tebal, struktur, diameter pori, muatan listrik, perpindahan partikel. Grup. Membran separasi adalah membran sintetis untuk pemisahan. Membuat membran separasi polimerik dibutuhkan kriteria polimer berdaya rekat rendah, berdaya tahan pembersihan tinggi, berkarakteristik rantai polimer saling cocok, harga murah, serta mudah diperoleh. Sifat kimia permukaan membran memberi konsekuensi pembasahan atau pencemaran yang mempengaruhi daya tahan membran. Konfigurasi membran separasi adalah silang aliran danÂ dead-end.Hukum Darcy merumuskan pemodelan yang pokok pada membran separasi dead end. Serat membran morfologinya keropos dan gaya pendorongnya perbedaan konsentrasi. Aliran nya silang dan modulnya menampung hingga 10.000 serat berdiameter 200 Î¼m sampai 2500 Î¼m. Pada dialisis, aliran darah dan dialisat berlawanan, agar pengeluaran zat-zat beracun maksimal. Aplikasi membran serat berongga untuk hemodialisis karena gagal ginjal kronis. Hakekat dialisis adalah memindahkan zat-zat racun dari metabolisme dan memperbaiki keseimbangan garam, air dan asam dalam darah. Status iptek terkini membran hemodialisis adalah pada ginjal buatan dari bahan hidup selain peralatan hemodialisis yang dapat berpindah-pindah, dibawa, dikenakan di badan, dan ditanam dalam tubuh.

Polymers have a wide range of uses. Their heterogenous blends form separated phase structures to become membranes for making medical devices. Membranes serve as selective barriers with various classifications such as thickness, structure, pore diameter, electric charged, particle transport, and in groups. A separation membrane is synthetically created for separation purpose. To make polymeric separation membranes require polymers that are low binding affinity, withstand the harsh cleaning conditions, suitable with properties of polymer chains, reasonable pricing, and easily obtainable. Two flow configurations of separation membranes are cross flow and dead-end filtrations. Darcyâ€™s law formulates the main modeling equation for the dead end filtration. Hollow fiber separation membranes have porous morphology and driving force of concentration gradients. They have cross flows and their modules can contain up to 10.000 fibers ranging from 200 to 2500 Î¼m in diameter. In dialysis, blood travels in the opposite direction with the dialysate to maximize the excretion of poisonous substances. A hollow fiber membrane application is for hemodialysis of chronic renal failure that causes physiological derangements. Actually dialysis is to remove toxic end-products of nitrogen metabolism and improve the balance of the salt, water, and acid-base derangements in blood. The current status of hemodialysis are the bio-artificial kidneys along with the development of mobile, portable, wearable and implantable hemodialysis devices.
Stabilitas Zirconium-Silika Molecular Sieve dalam Larutan Basa
Authors: Mustafa Anwar , Saputra Hens
Published: August 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh zirconium dalam perbaikan stabilitas silika molecular sieve dalam larutan basa. Struktur molecular sieve yang dibuat adalah hexagonal MCM-41 yang memiliki luas permukaan 1200 m2/g. Pembuatan bahan silika MCM-41 dilakukan menggunakan campuran larutan cethyltrimetilammonium bromida (CTAB), tetraethylorthosilikat (TEOS), natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dan aquades (H2O) dengan perbandingan molar 0,05 : 1,0 : 0,5 : 100. Adapun penambahan zirconium isopropoksida (ZrPr) sejumlah 3% berat terhadap tetraethylorhosilikat. Penambahan zirconium pada MCM-41 tidak merubah karakteristik distribusi ukuran pori, diameter pori rata-rata sekitar 2 nm dengan luas permukaan mencapai 1200 m2/g. Dengan penambahan 3% berat ZrPr dapat meningkatkan stabilitas silika molecular sieve pada larutan basa. Pengamatan struktur dilakukan dengan X-ray diffraction. Karakteristik pori dianalisis dengan metode physisorption menggunakan nitrogen pada 44 K.

Has conducted research on the effect of zirconium silica molecular sieve improved stability in alkaline solution . Molecular sieve structure is made of hexagonal MCM - 41 which has a surface area of 1200 m2 / g . Preparation of MCM - 41 silica materials was conducted using a mixed solution of cethyltrimetilammonium bromide ( CTAB ) , tetraethylorthosilikat ( TEOS ) , sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) and distilled water ( H2O ) with a molar ratio of 0.05 : 1.0 : 0.5 : 100 . As for the addition of zirconium isopropoxide ( ZrPr ) a 3 % by weight of the tetraethylorhosilikat . The addition of zirconium in the MCM - 41 does not alter the characteristics of the pore size distribution , average pore diameter of about 2 nm with a surface area to 1200 m2 / g . With the addition of 3 wt% silica ZrPr can increase the stability of molecular sieve in an alkaline solution . Observation of the structure is done with X - ray diffraction . Pore characteristics were analyzed by the method using nitrogen physisorption at 44 K.
Aspek Ekonomi Penerapan Teknologi Pupuk SRF NPK Kapasitas 10.000 TPY di Kabupaten Bantaeng Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Endro Wahju Tjahjono  , Joko Hanuranto
Published: August 2019

Sektor pertanian dan perkebunan membutuhkan pupuk yang memadai dan dengan harga yang terjangkau untuk menjaga ketahanan pangan nasional. Industri pupuk saat ini terkendala oleh terbatasnya pasokan bahan baku, serta pada tingkat pengguna masih terjadi pola pemupukan yang kurang efisien. Pupuk SRF NPK adalah jenis pupuk yang dikembangkan untuk memberikan solusi khususnya pada elemen tabungan N (urea) dan untuk mendorong petani untuk menggunakan pupuk yang mengandung senyawa yang memiliki unsur hara yang lengkap (N, P, K dan zat gizi mikro) . Aplikasi pupuk SRF NPK diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak ekonomi yang signifikan pada tingkat produsen pupuk, petani dan mampu memberikanÂ multiplier effectÂ di sektor-sektor pembangunan lainnya.

Kata kunciÂ : Pupuk, SRF NPK, Dampak ekonomi

Abstract

Agriculture and plantation sector requires adequate fertilizer and at an affordable price to maintain national food security. Fertilizer industry is currently constrained by the limited supply of raw materials, as well as at the user level is still happening fertilization patterns are less efficient. SRF NPK fertilizer is a type of fertilizer that was developed to provide solutions in particular on the savings element of N (urea) and to encourage farmers to use fertilizers containing compound that has a complete nutrient elements (N, P, K and micro nutrients). SRF NPK fertilizer application is expected to provide significant economic impact (significant) level either fertilizer producers, farmers and able to provide a multiplier effect in other sectors of development.

Keywords :Â Fetilizer, SRF NPK, Economic impact
Penguatan Industri Kendaraan Bermotor
Authors: Irwan Ibrahim
Published: August 2019

Produksi industri mobil terus mobil meningkat dalam beberapa tahun ini. Pada tahun 2012 mencapai 1,065 juta unit. Peraturan Presiden No. 28/2008 menetapkan sasaran produksi tahun 2015 sebanyak 1,6 juta unit yang terdiri dari mobil jenis MPV, truk ringan, kendaraan bermotor hemat energi dan bersahabat dengan lingkungan. Sasaran ekspor juga ditetapkan 386 ribu unit. Namun peran potensi lokal dalam bidang teknologi masih sangat terbatas. Upaya harus dikembangkan untuk memperkutan struktur industri mobil dengan melibatkan kapasitas dalam negeri. Tulisan ini mencoba mengemukakan sebuah alternatif pendekatan dan strategi untuk membuat industri mobil menjadi lebih kuat.

Kata kunci: Mobil, Industri, Kapasitas Dalam Negeri

Abstract

The production volume of automobile industries increases over the years. In 2012 itÂ reachedÂ 1.065 million units. The Presidential Regulation No. 28/2008 stipulates the production target of 1.6 million units in 2015 of MPVâ€™s type, light trucks and energy saving & environmentally friendly vehicles. The export target in 2015 is set for 386,000 units. However, the role of local potential in technology is very limited. Effort has to be assessed to strengthening the structure of automobile industry taking into account local capacities. This paper tries to present an alternative approach and strategy to make the automobile industry stronger.

Key words: Car, Local Capacity, Industry12
Fenomena Patah Lelah Batang Torak Mesin Kendaraan Niaga
Authors: Hadi Sunandrio
Published: August 2019

Batang torak (connecting rod) mesin kendaraan niaga mengalami patah di daerahconnecting rod shank, pada saat kendaraan tersebut sedang berjalan.Untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya kerusakan tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan dan pengujian di laboratorium terhadap patahan batang torak tersebut, meliputi : pemeriksaan fraktografi, pemeriksaan metalografi, pengujian kekerasan, analisa komposisi kimia dan pemeriksaan denganÂ SEM. Dari hasil pemeriksaan dan pengujian diketahui bahwa patahnyaÂ connecting rod shankdisebabkan karena mengalami patah lelah (fatigue fracture). Bila dilihat dari luasan area lelah (fatigue area) yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sisa patahannya (final fracture), maka dapat diketahui bahwaÂ connecting rod shanktelah mengalami patah lelah akibat bebanÂ unidirectional bending, dengan tegangan nominal yang rendah (low nominal stress) tanpa adanya konsentrasi tegangan (no stress concentration). Struktur mikroÂ connecting rod shankÂ adalah ferrite dan pearlite, Dari hasil pemeriksaan komposisi kimia dan pengujian kekerasan menunjukkan jenis materia darilÂ connecting rod shankÂ sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang digunakan, yaitu JIS G 4051 Grade S 20 C.

Kata kunciÂ : Batang torak, Patah lelah, Beban tekuk searah, Tegangan nominal rendah, Tanpa konsentrasi tegangan

Abstract

The connecting rod engine of commercial vehicle was suffering damage on the coneecting rod shank area, while its running.Â To determine the cause of the damage, it is necessary to do inspection and test on the connecting rod fracture in the laboratory, includes: fractography examination, metallography examination, hardness testing, chemical composition analysis and SEM examination. From the results of inspection and testing are known that the fracture of connecting rod shank caused by fatigue fracture. By observing that extent of fatigue area is larger than the final fracture, shows that the connecting rod shank has suffered unidirectional bending fatigue due to load, with nominal low stress and no stress concentration.Â Connecting rod shank microstructure is ferrite and pearlite, From the results of the chemical composition and hardness testing indicates the type of connecting rod shank material is in accordance with the specification, JIS G 4051 Grade S 20 C.

KeywordsÂ : Connecting rod, Fatigue fracture, Unidirectional bending, Low nominal stress, No stress concentration
Permintaan Perjalanan Angkutan Umum Massal Kota Surabaya
Authors: Djoko Prijo Utomo
Published: August 2019

Sebagaimana kotaâ€“kota metropolitan di dunia, kemacetan menjadi permasalahan utama dalam bidang transportasi perkotaan. Kemacetan terjadi pada umumnya karena ketidakseimbangan antara penyediaan (supply) dengan permintaan (demand). Usaha untuk menekan jumlah kendaraan di jalan, salah satunya, adalah dengan mempromosikan pengunaan angkutan umum kota. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah perencanaan penyediaan fasilitas angkutan umum. Untuk memperkirakan permintaan angkutan umum dibangun model lalu lintas yang mereplikakan bangkitan, pola dan pembebanan perjalanan. Hasil kalibrasi model distribusi perjalanan menggunakan gravity model diperoleh fungsi impedance yang terbentuk dari fungsi waktu perjalanan dengan faktorÂ ï¢Â sebesar 0.063. PerbedaanÂ mean trip lengthÂ model (denganÂ observedÂ adalah -5,4%.Â Mean trip lengthÂ (MTL) model dengan angkutan umum adalah 17,04 menit dan hasil survai 18,02 menit. Model yang terbangun validasinya cukup baik dengan indikator R2Â terhadap data observed sebesar 0,88. Hasil dari seluruh tahapan proses pemodelan diperoleh total permintaan perjalanan dengan angkutan umum tahun 2030 diperkirakan mencapai 67.800.434 penumpang/tahun.

Kata kunci: Angkutan umum masal, Distribusi perjalanan, Gravity model.

Abstract

As metropolitan cities in the world, congestion becomes a major problem in the field of urban transport. Congestion occurs generally due to an imbalance between supplyand demand. Attempts to reduce the number of vehicles on the road, one of which, is to promote the utilization of public transport. Therefore we need a plan for the provision of public transport facilities. To estimate the demand for public transport, it is built transport model which is replicating the trip generation, trip distribution and trip assignment. The results of the trip distribution model calibration using a gravity model obtained impedance function which is formed from travel time functionby aÂ ï¢ï€ factor of 0.063. Mean trip length difference between model and observed is equal -5,4%.Mean trip lengthÂ (MTL)Â model utilizing public transportsis about 17.04 minutes whereasMTL resulted from traffic survey is about 18.02 minutes.The model validation is quite well with observed data by showing the R2Â indicatorof about 0.88.The results fromall stages modeling process obtained total travel demand by public transport in the year of 2030 is estimated at about 67,800,434 passengers/year.

Keywords: Mass transit, Trip distribution, Gravity model.
Chelation and Metal-Ion Complex Formation of Chitosan Treated Cotton
Authors: Sudirman Habibie
Published: August 2019

Chitin dan chitosan adalah bahan â€œchelateâ€ yang sangat kuat untuk ion transisi logam terutama tembaga, nikel dan merkuri, dan sifat-sifat ini yang akan intensif di bahas. Pada studi ini kain kapas (cotton) dikerjakan dengan larutan chitosan-asam polikarboksilat untuk memperoleh kain kapas-chitosan yang mengandung gugus group karboksilat (-COOH) dan gugus amina (-NH2) fungsional. Penggunaan asam polykarboksilat (asam sitrat dan maleik) pada pelarutan chitosan menghasilkan group karboksil 0,5 meqs/g pada kain yang dicelup dengan larutan chitosan asam karboksilat. Kemudian kain kapas yang telah mengandung gugus karboksilat dan gugus amina ini dicelupkan pada larutan garam logam (garam tembaga dan seng). Terbukti bahwa larutan garam tembaga (copper) memberikan warna biru pada kain, hal ini mengindikasikan telah terjadi reaksi kompleks atau â€œChelateâ€. Implikasi dari hasil ini maka diperkirakan kandungan group karboksil dan amina ini akan mempengaruhi pada pencelupan kain, namun hal ini tidak diuji.

Kata kunci : Chitosan, Kain Kapas, Chelate, Asam asetat, Asam citrate, Asam maleik, Tembaga sulphate, Tembaga acetate.

Abstract

Chitin and chitosan are powerfull chelating agents for transition metal ions, particularly copper, nickel and mercury, and these properties have been extensively reviewed. In this study, cotton fabric has been treated with chitosan- polycarboxylic acid solution to form chitosan treated cotton fabric containing carboxyl (-COOH) and amine (-NH2) functional groups. The use of polycarboxylic acids (citric and maleic acids) to dissolve chitosan has given carboxyl groups 0.5 meqs/g into chitosan treated cotton fabrics. Instead, the complexing of the treated cotton samples with copper and zinc salts was examined. The copper salt solutions gave blue fabrics confirming easily that complexing or chelation had occurred. There are implications for dyeing cotton making use of these groups but this was not investigated.

Keyword :Â Chitosan, Cotton fabric, Chelation, Acetic acid, Citric acid, Maleic acid, Copper (II) sulphate, Copper (II) acetate.
Serangan Korosi Sumuran pada Tube Heat Exchanger di Kilang Pengolahan Minyak
Authors: Hadi Sunandrio  , Sutarjo
Published: August 2019

Alat penukar panas (Heat Exchanger) adalah suatu alat yang berfungsi untuk menaikkan temperatur. Apabila salah satu komponen dariÂ Heat Exchangertersebut mengalami kerusakan, maka temperatur yang diinginkan tidak akan tercapai. Salah satu dariÂ tube heat exchangerÂ yang ada di Kilang Pengolahan Minyak mengalami kerusakan berupa putus akibat terkorosi. Setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan dan pengujian yang meliputi : pemeriksaan visual, metalografi, uji kekerasan, analisa komposisi kimia, dan analisa EDAX. Maka diketahui bahwatube Heat ExchangerÂ telah mengalami serangan korosi sumuran (pitting corrosion) pada permukaan dalam dan luarÂ tube.Â Terjadinya serangan korosi sumuran, karena pada permukaan dalam dan luarÂ tubeÂ terlapisi oleh deposit yang cukup tebal dan mengandung unsur-unsur Sulphur (S) dan Chlor (Cl) yang dapat memicu timbulnya serangan korosi sumuran (pitting corrosion), hingga tube mengalami penipisan di mana-mana dan putus.

Kata kunci :Â Alat penukar panas,Â Tube, Endapan, Korosi sumuran, putus.

Abstract

Heat exchangers is a tool that serves to raise the temperature. If one component of the Heat Exchanger is damaged, then the desired temperature will not be reached. One of the tube heat exchanger that is in Oil Refinery suffered damage in the form of broken due to corroded. After examination and testing that includes visual inspection, metallography, hardness testing, chemical composition analysis, and analysis of EDAX. It is known that the tube Heat Exchanger has suffered attacks pitting corrosion on the surface of the inner and outer tube. Pitting corrosion attack, because the surface of inner and outer tube coated by a deposit that is thick and contains elements of Sulphur (S) and Chlor (Cl) which can lead to pitting corrosion attack, to experience thinning tube where everywhere and broken

Keyword :Â Heat exchanger, Tube, Deposit, Pitting corrosion, Broken.
Karakterisasi Pipa Baja Karbon Rendah Dalam Pendekatan Analisa Kegagalan
Authors: Mawardi Silaban
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap material pipa baja karbon rendah yang digunakan pada ketel uap setelah dioperasikan sekitar satu tahun. Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi terhadap benda uji pipa gagal dan pipa yang baru dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sejauh mana perubahan yang terjadi pada komposisi, dimensi, kekerasan dan struktur mikro dengan cara membandingkan keduanya. Dari ujiÂ metalographi, Scanning Electron MicroscopeÂ (SEM), analisa mikro denganÂ Energy Dispersive SpectroscopyÂ (EDS), struktur mikro awal adalah ferit-perlit. Pada suhu tinggi terjadi proses oksidasi, sehingga struktur mikro bahan berubah dari bentuk ferit-perlit menjadi struktur ferit dengan diameter butir yang membesar. Kegagalan pipa ketel uap diawali dengan terbentuknya lapisan deposit yang menempel pada permukaan dalam, yang mengakibatkan proses pindah panas ke air terganggu. Pada keadaan seperti ini suhu pipa akan semakin meningkat seiring dengan laju pembentukan deposit. Dan pada suhu diatas 5400C terjadi proses dekomposisi fasa perlit menjadi ferit + spheroidal carbides. Pada proses ini akan menyebabkan kekuatan pipa menjadi berkurang (baja menjadi lunak), sehingga pada tekanan uap sekitar 2 bar akan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya deformasi sehingga mengakibatkan pipa menjadi menggelembung.

Kata kunci : Pipa ketel uap, Struktur mikro, Deposit, Menggelembung, Diameter butir

Abstract

This research was carried out on low carbon steel pipe materials used in the boiler after about a year to operate . Further characterization of the test specimen failed pipe and the new pipe with the aim to identify the extent to which changes in the composition , dimensions , hardness and microstructure by comparing the two. Of test metalographi , Scanning Electron Microscope ( SEM ) , micro analysis by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ( EDS ) , the initial microstructure is ferrite - pearlite . At high temperature oxidation process occurs , so that the microstructure of the material changes from ferrite - pearlite forms into a structure ferrite grain diameter enlarged . Boiler pipe failure begins with the formation of the deposit layer attached to the inner surface , which results in the process of heat transfer to the water disturbed . In these circumstances the temperature of the pipe will increase along with the rate of deposit formation . At temperatures above 5400C occur decomposition into ferrite + pearlite phase spheroidal carbides . In this process will lead to the strength of the pipe to be reduced (steel becomes soft) , so that the vapor pressure of approximately 2 bar will cause deformation resulting in the pipe becomes bulgingÂ .

KeywordsÂ : Steam boiler tube, Micro structure, Scale, Bulging, Grain diameter
Penyuluhan Tehnik Pembedahan Hewan Coba Untuk Mengamati Struktur dan Frekwensi Denyut Jantung Pada Siswa SMP Negeri 7 Mataram
Authors: Merta I Wayan , Bachtiar Imam , AR Syachruddin , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati
Published: August 2019

Abstrak: Teknik pembedahan merupakan pengetahuan tentang cara-cara pembedahan hewan coba untuk mengamati organ-organ dalam. Keberasilan pengamatan struktur dan frekwensi denyut jantung pada hewan coba sangat ditentukan oleh  tehnik-tehnik pembedahan. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang tehnik-tehnik pembedahan hewan coba dan meningkatkan ketrampilan siswa melakukan pembedahan hewan coba untuk mengamati struktur jantung dan frekwensi denyut jantung. Metode dalam pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan, pada tahap ini disampaikan materi tentang tehnik-tehnik pembedahan hewan coba dan metode pratekum, yaitu melakukan praktek pembedahan hewan coba untuk mengamati struktur jantung dan frekwensi denyut jantung. Hewan coba yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah 10 ekor mencit (Mus musculus) strain BALB/C dan 10 ekor dan katak (Rana Sp). Pengabdian ini dapat disimpulkan: Kegiatan pengabdian ini sangat bermanfaat bagi siswa Klas VII SMP Negeri 7 Mataram sebagai pengetahuan dan ketrampilan terkait dengan tehnik pembedahan hewan coba. Siswa telah memahami tehnik-tehnik pembedahan hewan coba, dapat melakukan pembedahan hewan coba dengan baik dan benar, serta mengetahui struktur jantung Katak dan Mencit. Hasil praktekum diperoleh Mencit memiliki rata-rata denyut jantung 102 per menit, sedangkan denyut jantung Katak reratanya 69 per menit. Kata Kunci: Katak (Rana sp),Mencit (Mus musculus),dan Frekwensi denyut jantung