bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA-Stimulated Liquid-Liquid phase separation by eukaryotic topoisomerase ii modulates catalytic function
Authors: Jeong Joshua , Lee Joyce H , Carcamo Claudia C , Parker Matthew W , Berger James M
Published: November 2022

Type II topoisomerases modulate chromosome supercoiling, condensation, and catenation by moving one double-stranded DNA segment through a transient break in a second duplex. How DNA strands are chosen and selectively passed to yield appropriate topological outcomes – for example, decatenation vs. catenation – is poorly understood. Here, we show that at physiological enzyme concentrations, eukaryotic type IIA topoisomerases (topo IIs) readily coalesce into condensed bodies. DNA stimulates condensation and fluidizes these assemblies to impart liquid-like behavior. Condensation induces both budding yeast and human topo IIs to switch from DNA unlinking to active DNA catenation, and depends on an unstructured C-terminal region, the loss of which leads to high levels of knotting and reduced catenation. Our findings establish that local protein concentration and phase separation can regulate how topo II creates or dissolves DNA links, behaviors that can account for the varied roles of the enzyme in supporting transcription, replication, and chromosome compaction.
Identification and expression analysis of maize NF-YA subunit genes
Authors: Lv Mingyue , Cao Hongzhe , Wang Xue , Zhang Kang , Si Helong , Zang Jinping , Xing Jihong , Dong Jingao
Published: November 2022

NF-YAs encode subunits of the nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y) gene family. NF-YAs represent a kind of conservative transcription factor in plants and are involved in plant growth and development, as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, 16 maize (Zea mays) NF-YA subunit genes were identified using bioinformatics methods, and they were divided into three categories by a phylogenetic analysis. A conserved domain analysis showed that most contained a CCAAT-binding transcription factor (CBFB) _NF-YA domain. Maize NF-YA subunit genes showed very obvious tissue expression characteristics. The expression level of the NF-YA subunit genes significantly changed under different abiotic stresses, including Fusarium graminearum infection and salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA) treatments. After inoculation with Setosphaeria turcica and Cochliobolus heterostrophus, the lesion areas of nfya01 and nfya06 were significantly larger than that of B73, indicating that ZmNFYA01 and ZmNFYA06 positively regulated maize disease resistance. ZmNFYA01 and ZmNFYA06 may regulated maize disease resistance by affecting the transcription levels of ZmPRs. Thus, NF-YA subunit genes played important roles in promoting maize growth and development and resistance to stress. The results laid a foundation for clarifying the functions and regulatory mechanisms of NF-YA subunit genes in maize.
Assessment of the association between periodontal disease and total cancer incidence and mortality: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Kaili , Zhang Zheng , Wang Zuomin
Published: November 2022

Background

Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. Many studies have reported the association between periodontal disease and various cancers including oral cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and so on. However, there is still no specialized meta-analysis that assesses the association between periodontal disease and cancer incidence and mortality in-deepth. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis.

Methods

This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42020183497. We searched five online databases for observational studies about the association between periodontal disease and breast, prostate, lung and bronchial, colorectal, and total cancers by July 2020. Then we evaluated quality of the included studies by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Risk ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to evaluate the strength of the association between periodontal disease and four cancers, total cancer incidence and mortality. In addition, we analyzed heterogeneity by subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Finally, we inspected publication bias by Begg’s and Egger’s tests.

Results

None of the studies included in this meta-analysis were of poor quality. PD is not only related to breast cancer incidence (HR = 1.26,95%CI [1.11–1.43],I2= 75.8%,P = 0.000), but also connected with total cancer mortality (HR = 1.40,95%CI [1.24–1.58],I2= 0.0%,P = 0.718). Subgroup analyses showed that study population, study design, dental status, follow-up period, adjustment for smoking partially explained the heterogeneity between studies. The results of Begg’s test and Egger’s test were consistent and indicated that there is no publication bias in this study.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this meta-analysis revealed a positive relationship between periodontal disease and breast cancer incidence and total cancer mortality. Further well-designed studies with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria are required to strengthen the conclusion of this meta-analysis. However, longer follow-up period, multi-center trials and even multinational studies are required to corroborate the results.
Mycological Profile in Otomycosis Patients and their Drug Sensitivity: A Cross-sectional Study at Union Territory of Puducherry, India
Authors: Howlader Anusheela , Nagarajan Prithiviraj , Ragunathan Latha
Published: November 2022

Introduction: In clinical Otorhinolaryngology practice, Otomycosis is a common problem to overcome caused by Aspergillus and Candida species. Although we come across many difficulties to diagnose and treat otomycosis infections, many patients show drug resistance to antifungal agents with a high prevalence rate. Aim: To elucidate the pattern of mycological agents and susceptibility testing of fungal species in samples collected from patients with an ear infection at a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India from August 2018 to January 2020. A total of 126 samples were collected, transported, and analysed for bacteriological and mycological analysis using direct inspection and culture techniques. By using the disc diffusion technique, the antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out to determine the sensitivity and resistance against ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, and Amphotericin B. Data were analysed in terms of frequency using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 25.0 version. Results: Out of 126 samples, fungal isolates were 92, out of which the most common fungal isolate was Aspergillus niger followed by A. flavus, Candida albicans (C. albicans), A. terreus, and A. fumigatus. Also, the major common bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas, Proteus, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Klebsiella spp. Prevalence in males (58.73%) was more as compared to the females (41.27%), and itching was the most common presenting symptom. Otomycosis in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) mainly affected males (40%) and is common in middle-aged groups (20-35 years) of outdoor and indoor workers, housewives, and farmers, particularly during the monsoon season. Antifungal susceptibility testing of A. flavus and A. niger isolates revealed high sensitivity to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and ketoconazole drugs but low efficacy to fluconazole drugs. Conclusion: Otomycosis should be suspected clinically to prevent the unnecessary use of antibiotics. A high incidence of otomycosis has been encountered in many tropical countries. In present study, Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. were the commonest fungal isolates in otomycosis. In our community currently, two drugs, amphotericin B, and ketoconazole are the most frequently used for fungal infection. Properly identifying fungal agents and host factors involved in otomycosis can improve such patients’ outcomes.
Demographics and Overall Survival Pattern of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in a Tertiary Hospital in South-South Nigeria: The Calabar Experience
Authors: Kingsley Akaba , Inyama Marcus , Kokelu Anthony , Oshatuyi Olukayode
Published: November 2022

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a bi- or triphasic disease comprising of the chronic phase (present at diagnosis in approximately 85% of patients) which can easily be controlled with conventional chemotherapy, followed by unstable accelerated phase and terminating in a blastic phase. The treatment of CML has evolved over the years The availability of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors has distinctly changed the disease course for patients with Ph+ and/or BCR-ABL1+  (CML). This study aims to determine the demographics and overall survival patterns of CML patients in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH)l.

Methods: The study is a retrospective study of twenty-two (22) CML patients seen and managed at the UCTH from June 2014 to August 2021. Male/female distribution was 9/13, with a median age of 42 years. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were determined using the Kaplan-Meier techniques. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS version 21.

Results: Total of 22 CML patients were seen over the 8-year-period of review. The mean age was 42.63, median age 42, and modal age was 37 years respectively. There were 9 males and 13 females. 20 of the patients were in the chronic phase while 2 were in the terminating blastic phase. The presence of mutation was seen in two patients while the remaining 20 showed no mutation. Of the patients, 6 were dead and 16 are alive at the time of review. The overall survival period ranges from 12 to 84 months. The survival distributions for mutation and state of the disease (chronic or blastic) were not statistically significantly different, X2= 3.204, p = 0.073.

Conclusion: There is inconsistency in the demographic and overall survival pattern of chronic myeloid leukaemia in our environment. Further study is needed to identify the factors which can help to improve the overall survival pattern in our environment.
Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers, Organic Manure and Bioinoculant on Production and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Verma Himani , Pathak R. K. , Kumar Anil , Sachan Ravindra , Pandey Hanuman Prasad , Tiwari Abhishek , Yadav Abhishek Singh
Published: November 2022

Field experiments were conducted to Studies effect integrated nutrient management on yield and economics of wheat during Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at student’s instructional farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The experiment consists of 10 treatments combinations in randomized block design with three replications consisted of three replications consisted of different combination of inorganic fertilizer, organic and biofertilizer .Wheat variety HD-2967 was grown with the recommended agronomic practices. On the basis of results emanated from investigation it can be concluded that among the productivity parameters viz. maximum grain yield was 53.79 and 54.21 q ha-1, straw yield was 80.76 and 81.35 q ha-1 and biological yield was 134.55 and 135.56 q ha-1 during the both years of experimentation are associated with the treatment T10 [100%NPK + FYM + S30+ Zn5 +Azotobacter + PSB]. Similarly straw yield during first year is 80.6 q ha-1 and second year is 81.35 q ha-1 was associated with the treatment T10 [100%NPK + FYM + S30+ Zn5 +Azotobacter + PSB]. Maximum gross return INR 158043 and INR 156367, net return INR 94499 and INR 97635 and benefit cost ratio (B:C ratio) 1.57 and 1.62 during the first year (2020-21) and second year (2021-22) of experimentation were recorded under treatment T10 [100%NPK + FYM + S30+ Zn5 +Azotobacter + PSB] similarly the maximum cost of cultivation during first year is INR 60192 and second year is INR 60408 were recorded under treatment T10 [100%NPK + FYM + S30+ Zn5 +Azotobacter + PSB].
Pan Evaporation Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic Models for Raichur Region, Karnataka: A Case Study
Authors: Megha . , Reddy G. V. Srinivasa , Dashavant Premanand B. , Babu B. Maheshwara , Kumar G. Manoj
Published: November 2022

Aims: Accurate estimates of evaporation by employing efficient and proven soft computing techniques that involve least number of influencing variables are important to tackle present water crisis.

Place and Duration of Study: In the present study, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and fuzzy logic models were developed to predict the pan evaporation (Ep) in Raichur, Karnataka, using six input parameters viz., maximum and minimum temperatures, maximum and minimum relative humidity, sunshine hours and wind speedfor the period of 30 years (1990-2019).

Methodology: Comparison between models was done to select best suitable model to predict pan evaporation. The ANN models were trained withthree training algorithms. Gaussian membership function was used in fuzzy logic (FL) model.

Results: The results revealed that, the ANN-GDX model performed better over ANN-LM, ANN-BR and fuzzy logic models during validation period. The correlation coefficient (r), coefficient of efficiency (CE), mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) were observed to be 0.7637, 0.5831, 1.3880 and 1.8541 respectively during validation period between actual and predicted pan evaporation (Ep) with 1.3880 mm root mean square error. Therefore, ANN-GDX model was chosen for predicting pan evaporation in the study area.

Conclusion: ANN-GDX model was chosen for predicting pan evaporation in the study area.
The Impact of Financial Technology onPromoting the Financial Inclusion of Banks in Arab Countries
Authors: Oleiwi Atheer Abdullah
Published: November 2022

Thisresearch highlightsthe importance of financial technology (FinTech) in banking by providingfinancial and banking services; it also tries to show the impact of such FinTech in promoting financial inclusion to deliver all financial products to a wide segment of customers of different ages and for both sexes, especially the poor. Hence, FinTech worksto improve peoplestandard of living by giving them credit at low costs as well as involving all sectors, including small and medium enterprises, with indicators of access to financing. Furthermore, whether FinTech is provided by non-financial companies, individuals or financial and banking institutions, it provides the necessary and rapid financing at the lowest profits. Lately, anemergency financing is introduced, which contributes to supporting sustainable development opportunities.This study applied the descriptive and analytical approach. It relied on revising Arabic and foreign sources and electronic websites related to the topic under study. The experience of the Arab countries has been provided to understand the obstacles they faced and how to overcome them and the opportunities that appeared in front of them.The researcher got some conclusions and recommendations that the purpose of financial inclusion is to integrate the financial excluded individuals in the official financial system. The study reported that among the difficulties faced by FinTech is the weak financial culture of the public. However, this did not stand as an obstacle; the Arab world witnessed a great development in the field of FinTech. Yet, some Arab countries had the lionshare, such as the United Arab Emirates. The use of FinTech in the Arab countries faces a number of challenges, including legal, regulatory and financing related to capital.FinTech usingthe mobile subscribers index plays an effective role in achieving financial inclusion, through the indicators of FinTech and financial inclusion.Most Arab countries still score the lowest levels for the financial inclusion index, due to the lack of interest or development of FinTech, which negatively affects the rise in the financial inclusion index
Unusual Presentation of a Common Diagnosis in a Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rajendran Gunaseelan , Mahalingam Sasikumar , Ganessane Ezhilkugan
Published: November 2022

This case report describes a patient in their 40s with chronic kidney disease who presented to the emergency department with acute-onset breathlessness for 2 hours.
Assessment of Changes in Child and Adolescent Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Madigan Sheri , Eirich Rachel , Pador Paolo , McArthur Brae Anne , Neville Ross D.
Published: November 2022

Importance

To limit the spread of COVID-19, numerous restrictions were imposed on youths, including school closures, isolation requirements, social distancing, and cancelation of extracurricular activities, which independently or collectively may have shifted screen time patterns.

Objective

To estimate changes in the duration, content, and context of screen time of children and adolescents by comparing estimates taken before the pandemic with those taken during the pandemic and to determine when and for whom screen time has increased the most.

Data Sources

Electronic databases were searched between January 1, 2020, and March 5, 2022, including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A total of 2474 nonduplicate records were retrieved.

Study Selection

Study inclusion criteria were reported changes in the duration (minutes per day) of screen time before and during the pandemic; children, adolescents, and young adults (≤18 years); longitudinal or retrospective estimates; peer reviewed; and published in English.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

A total of 136 articles underwent full-text review. Data were analyzed from April 6, 2022, to May 5, 2022, with a random-effects meta-analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Change in daily screen time comparing estimates taken before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

The meta-analysis included 46 studies (146 effect sizes; 29 017 children; 57% male; and mean [SD] age, 9 [4.1] years) revealed that, from a baseline prepandemic value of 162 min/d (2.7 h/d), during the pandemic there was an increase in screen time of 84 min/d (1.4 h/d), representing a 52% increase. Increases were particularly marked for individuals aged 12 to 18 years (k [number of sample estimates] = 26; 110 min/d) and for device type (handheld devices [k = 20; 44 min/d] and personal computers [k = 13; 46 min/d]). Moderator analyses showed that increases were possibly larger in retrospective (k = 36; 116 min/d) vs longitudinal (k = 51; 65 min/d) studies. Mean increases were observed in samples examining both recreational screen time alone (k = 54; 84 min/d) and total daily screen time combining recreational and educational use (k = 33; 68 min/d).

Conclusions and Relevance

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to considerable disruptions in the lives and routines of children, adolescents, and families, which is likely associated with increased levels of screen time. Findings suggest that when interacting with children and caregivers, practitioners should place a critical focus on promoting healthy device habits, which can include moderating daily use; choosing age-appropriate programs; promoting device-free time, sleep, and physical activity; and encouraging children to use screens as a creative outlet or a means to meaningfully connect with others.
Increased levels of microRNA‐320 in blood serum and plasma is associated with imminent and advanced lung cancer
Authors: Nøst Therese Haugdahl , Skogholt Anne Heidi , Urbarova Ilona , Mjelle Robin , Paulsen Erna‐Elise , Dønnem Tom , Andersen Sigve , Markaki Maria , Røe Oluf Dimitri , Johansson Mikael , Johansson Mattias , Grønberg Bjørn Henning , Sandanger Torkjel Manning , Sætrom Pål
Published: November 2022

Lung cancer (LC) incidence is increasing globally and altered levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) in blood may contribute to identification of individuals with LC. We identified miRNAs differentially expressed in peripheral blood at LC diagnosis and evaluated, in pre‐diagnostic blood specimens, how long before diagnosis expression changes in such candidate miRNAs could be detected. We identified upregulated candidate miRNAs in plasma specimens from a hospital‐based study sample of 128 patients with confirmed LC and 62 individuals with suspected but confirmed negative LC (FalsePos). We then evaluated the expression of candidate miRNAs in pre‐diagnostic plasma or serum specimens of 360 future LC cases and 375 matched controls. There were 1663 miRNAs detected in diagnostic specimens, nine of which met our criteria for candidate miRNAs. Higher expression of three candidates, miR‐320b, 320c, and 320d, was associated with poor survival, independent of LC stage and subtype. Moreover, miR‐320c and miR‐320d expression was higher in pre‐diagnostic specimens collected within 2 years of LC diagnosis. Our results indicated that elevated levels of miR‐320c and miR‐320d may be early indications of imminent and advanced LC.
Self‐administration of naloxone to induce withdrawal in buprenorphine initiation
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

It is possible to self‐administer naloxone and transition to a therapeutic dose of buprenorphine shortly thereafter, according to a case report published in the Journal of Addiction Medicine on Sept. 23. In this report, the patient was able to start buprenorphine less than three hours after the last fentanyl administration.
Wireless, Soft Sensors of Skin Hydration with Designs Optimized for Rapid, Accurate Diagnostics of Dermatological Health
Authors: Shin Jaeho , Wang Heling , Kwon Kyeongha , Ostojich Diana , Christiansen Zach , Berkovich Jaime , Park Yoonseok , Li Zhengwei , Lee Geumbee , Nasif Rania , Chung Ted S. , Su Chun‐Ju , Lim Jaeman , Kubota Hitoki , Ikoma Akihiko , Lu Yi‐An , Lin Derrick H. , Xu Shuai , Banks Anthony , Chang Jan‐Kai , Rogers John A.
Published: November 2022

Accurate measurements of skin hydration are of great interest to dermatological science and clinical practice. This parameter serves as a relevant surrogate of skin barrier function, a key representative benchmark for overall skin health. The skin hydration sensor (SHS) is a soft, skin‐interfaced wireless system that exploits a thermal measurement method, as an alternative to conventional impedance‐based hand‐held probes. This study presents multiple strategies for maximizing the sensitivity and reliability of this previously reported SHS platform. An in‐depth analysis of the thermal physics of the measurement process serves as the basis for structural optimizations of the electronics and the interface to the skin. Additional engineering advances eliminate variabilities associated with manual use of the device and with protocols for the measurement. The cumulative effect is an improvement in sensitivity by 135% and in repeatability by 36% over previously reported results. Pilot trials on more than 200 patients in a dermatology clinic validate the practical utility of the sensor for fast, reliable measurements.
Nitric Oxide Scavenging and Hydrogen Sulfide Production Synergistically Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Geng Wenbo , Liu Xuezhe , Tao Bailong , He Ye , Li Ke , Gao Pengfei , Feng Qian , Zhao Peng , Luo Zhong , Cai Kaiyong
Published: November 2022

To restore the disordered endogenous gas levels is an efficient alternative for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Both insufficient hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and excessive nitric oxide (NO) contribute to synovial inflammation. Herein, a new block polymer PEG10‐b‐PNAPA30‐b‐PEG10 composed of an NO‐responsive monomer and a cysteine‐triggered H2S donor, which can simultaneously scavenge NO and release therapeutic H2S for RA treatment, is reported. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the polymer exhibits a synergistic effect on suppressing reactive oxygen species levels and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production via NF‐κB signaling pathway. It leads to the polarization of macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype. Moreover, the released H2S further restrains NO production by suppressing the expression of iNOS. In vivo experiments with an RA rat model show that the system markedly mitigates the synovial inflammation, osteoporosis, and clinical symptoms of RA rats, which is attributed to the combination therapy of H2S release and NO depletion. This work provides new insight into the synergistic treatment of RA and endogenous gas‐related diseases.
In Situ Encapsulated Moiré Perovskite for Stable Photodetectors with Ultrahigh Polarization Sensitivity
Authors: Li Shun‐Xin , Xia Hong , Liu Tian‐Yu , Zhu He , Feng Jia‐Cheng , An Yang , Zhang Xu‐Lin , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: November 2022

Nanostructures provide a simple, effective, and low‐cost route to enhance the light‐trapping capability of optoelectronic devices. In recent years, nano‐optical structures have been widely used in perovskite optoelectronic devices to greatly enhance the device performance. However, the inherent instability of perovskite materials hinders the practical application of these nanostructured optoelectronic devices. Here, in situ encapsulated moiré lattice perovskite photodetectors (PDs) by two nanograting‐structured soft templates with relative rotation angles is fabricated. The confinement growth of the two nanograting templates leads to crystal growth with moiré lattice structure, which improves the light‐harvesting ability of the perovskite crystal, thereby improving the device performance. The PD exhibits responsivity to 1026.5 A W−1. The Moiré lattice‐perovskite‐based PD maintained 95% of the initial performance after 223 days. After being continuously sprayed with water moist for 180 min, the performance is maintained at 95.7% of its initial level. The nanograting structure endows the device with high polarization sensitivity ofImax/Iminas high as 9.1.
Shape Morphing Directed by Spatially Encoded, Dually Responsive Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Micro‐Actuators
Authors: Liu Mingzhu , Jin Lishuai , Yang Shengsong , Wang Yuchen , Murray Christopher B. , Yang Shu
Published: November 2022

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) with intrinsic molecular anisotropy can be programmed to morph shapes under external stimuli. However, it is difficult to program the position and orientation of individual mesogenic units separately and locally, whether in‐plane or out‐of‐plane, since each mesogen is linked to adjacent ones through the covalently bonded polymer chains. Here, dually responsive, spindle‐shaped micro‐actuators are synthesized from LCE composites, which can reorient under a magnetic field and change the shape upon heating. When the discrete micro‐actuators are embedded in a conventional and nonresponsive elastomer with programmed height distribution and in‐plane orientation in local regions, robust and complex shape morphing induced by the cooperative actuations of the locally distributed micro‐actuators, which corroborates with finite element analysis, are shown. The spatial encoding of discrete micro‐actuators in a nonresponsive matrix allows to decouple the actuators and the matrix, broadening the material palette to program local and global responses to stimuli for applications including soft robotics, smart wearables, and sensors.
High‐Entropy Microdomain Interlocking Polymer Electrolytes for Advanced All‐Solid‐State Battery Chemistries
Authors: Su Yun , Rong Xiaohui , Li Hong , Huang Xuejie , Chen Liquan , Liu Binyuan , Hu Yong‐Sheng
Published: November 2022

All‐solid‐state polymer electrolytes (ASPEs) with excellent processivity are considered one of the most forward‐looking materials for large‐scale industrialization. However, the contradiction between improving the mechanical strength and accelerating the ionic migration of ASPEs has always been difficult to reconcile. Herein, a rational concept is raised of high‐entropy microdomain interlocking ASPEs (HEMI‐ASPEs), inspired by entropic elasticity well‐known in polymer and biochemical sciences, by introducing newly designed multifunctional ABC miktoarm star terpolymers into polyethylene oxide for the first time. The tailor‐made HEMI‐ASPEs possess multifunctional polymer chains, which induce themselves to assemble into micro‐ and nanoscale dynamic interlocking networks with high topological structure entropy. HEMI‐ASPEs achieve excellent toughness, considerable ionic conductivity, an appreciable lithium transference number (0.63), and desirable thermal stability (Td > 400 °C) for all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries. The Li|HEMI‐ASPE‐Li|Li symmetrical cell shows a stable Li plating/stripping performance over 4000 h, and a LiFePO4|HEMI‐ASPE‐Li|Li full cell exhibits a high capacity retention (≈96%) after 300 cycles. This work contributes an innovative design concept introducing high‐entropy supramolecular dynamic networks for ASPEs.
A Green Synthesis of 5,5′‐[Oxybis(methylene)]bis‐2‐Furfural: from By‐Product to Attractive Bio‐Based Platform Chemical
Authors: Annatelli Mattia , Trapasso Giacomo , Torre Davide Dalla , Pietrobon Luca , Redolfi‐Bristol Davide , Aricò Fabio
Published: November 2022

In this work, a green synthetic approach to 5,5′‐[oxybis(methylene)]bis‐2‐furfural (OBMF) from 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) is reported for the first time. In the optimized reaction conditions, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is used as the preferred green solvent and iron(III) sulfate as the best catalyst, recyclable up to three times. The HMF self‐etherification reaction is conducted both in milligram‐ and gram‐scale with isolated yields up to 99% and 81% respectively. OBMF is further derivatized via reduction to achieve 5,5′‐oxybis(methylene)bis(furan‐5,2‐diyl)dimethanol (OBMF‐H), a potential bisphenol‐A biobased alternative. Thus, methoxycarbonylation of OBMF‐H leads to the biscarboxymethylated derivative (OBMF‐DC) employing, once again, DMC as solvent and reagent. Both OBMF‐H and OBMF‐DC are achieved in high yields and are fully characterized. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis of OBMF, OBMF‐H, and OBMF‐DC establishes that these compounds are more thermally stable than HMF and its derivatives. In fact, they can withstand up to 200 °C before undergoing complete degradation rendering OBMF and its derivatives valuable bio‐based monomers for bioplastics prepared via polycondensation reaction.
Tuning Co‐Catalytic Sites in Hierarchical Porous N‐Doped Carbon for High‐Performance Rechargeable and Flexible Zn‐Air Battery
Authors: Shu Xinxin , Chen Qianwu , Yang Maomao , Liu Miaomiao , Ma Jizhen , Zhang Jintao
Published: November 2022

The strategy of heteroatom doping and metal active sites can synergistically promote oxygen electrocatalysis. Especially, the combination of theoretical simulations with experimental results provides new opportunities to understand the electrocatalytic mechanism. Herein, the 3D carbon nanosheets aggregate with highly branched carbon nanotubes and cobalt active sites (CoCNTs/PNAs) is prepared via the facile self‐assembly‐pyrolysis strategy. The CoCNTs/PNAs electrocatalysts exhibit superior bifunctional activities to oxygen reduction (E1/2 = 0.925 V) and evolution (Ej = 10 = 1.54 V) reactions, surpassing those of Pt/C‐RuO2 catalysts. The theoretical calculations reveal that the electronic interaction of cobalt sites and nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix plays a critical role in boosting the bifunctional electrocatalytic performance. Additionally, the rechargeable Zn‐Air battery (ZAB) assembled with aqueous electrolyte exhibits the largest power density of 371.6 mW cm−2 and outstanding cycling durability (over 2000 h). Furthermore, all‐solid‐state cable‐type ZAB delivers high flexibility with good cycling stability and high energy efficiency (76.5%). This work will open a new avenue to adjust the metal‐carbon support interaction for functional electrocatalysis via hierarchical porous structure design.
Tailoring Interfacial Charge Transfer of Epitaxially Grown Ir Clusters for Boosting Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Liu Dan‐Qing , Luo Zhouxin , Zhang Bingxing , Zhao Guoqiang , Guo Wei , Chen Jian , Gao Mingxia , Liu Yongfeng , Pan Hongge , Sun Wenping
Published: November 2022

The sluggish kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) is one of the critical challenges for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, we report epitaxial growth of Ir nanoclusters (<2 nm) on a MoS2 surface (Ir/MoS2) and optimize the alkaline HOR activity via tailoring interfacial charge transfer between Ir clusters and MoS2. The electron transfer from MoS2 to Ir clusters can effectively prevent the oxidation of Ir clusters, which is not the case for carbon‐supported Ir nanoclusters (Ir/C) synthesized using the same method. Moreover, the HOR performance of the Ir/MoS2 can be further optimized by tuning the hydrogen binding energy (HBE) via a precise annealing treatment. A substantial exchange current density of 1.28 mA cmECSA−2 is achieved in the alkaline medium, which is ∼10 times over that of Ir/C. The HOR mass‐specific activity of Ir/MoS2 heterostructure is as high as 182 mA mgIr−1. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that the significant improved HOR activity is attributed to the decreased HBE, which highlights epitaxial growth is an effective way for boosting catalytic activity of heterostructured catalysts.
Magnetic Micro/Nanorobots: A New Age in Biomedicines
Authors: Liu Dong , Guo Ruirui , Wang Bin , Hu Jiawang , Lu Yuan
Published: November 2022

Micro‐/nanorobots have tremendous potential in biomedical applications, as they efficiently and accurately perform local diagnosis and targeted therapy. A magnetic field provides a wireless mean to drive and control micro/nanorobots. This method requires no fuel and is convenient for debugging, reconfiguration, and programmability; it is recyclable and allows nondestructive penetration of biological tissue. The successful integration of well‐designed robots, remote actuation systems, and imaging techniques has become a crucial step toward biomedical applications, particularly in vivo implementations. Herein, the fabrication methods of micro/nanorobots are examined, the driving mechanism of magnetic micro/nanorobots is explained, and the development of micro/nanorobots as transport tools to load and deliver drugs, biological reagents, and live cells is traced. Applications of these micro/nanorobots are expanding as surgical tools for sample collection, ophthalmic surgery, and biofilm degradation and as tools for in vivo and in vitro imaging relying on light, sound, and magnetism. Finally, the challenges faced by micro/nanorobots in in vivo applications and their future prospects are discussed.
Bioinspired Hierarchical Structure for an Ultrawide‐Range Multifunctional Flexible Sensor Using Porous Expandable Polyethylene/Loofah‐Like Polyurethane Sponge Material
Authors: Zhao Zhou , Guo Qingkai , Sun Yu , An Ningli , Hui Pengzhe , Yang Laihao , Chen Xuefeng
Published: November 2022

Capacitive sensors show promising applications for human–computer interface due to their potential capabilities of both pressure and proximity sensing. However, the sensitivity loss at large strain and the complicated process of fabrication technology limit related applications. Herein, inspired by gradient and hierarchical structures in biological systems and using porous materials with different stiffness, a capacitive flexible sensor with both proximity and pressure sensing abilities is proposed. Such hierarchical structures effectively reduce the attenuation of sensitivity as the pressure increases, realizing an ultrawide detection range with high sensitivity. A theoretical mathematical model is developed and the corresponding capacitive sensor is fabricated by using the high‐performance porous impregnated dust‐free paper as the electrode and expandable polyethylene (EPE)/loofah‐like polyurethane sponge (LPS) as double‐layer porous dielectric. This sensor has an ultrawide detection range up to 3000 kPa with a significantly low sensitivity loss of 0.0195% kPa−1 and the noncontact sensing mode reaches a sensing range up to 28 cm (0.122 cm−1). Notably, a strategy is provided to design the high sensitivity sensor over an ultrawide detection range from approaching to pressuring, and eventually its promising application is presented as human–computer interaction.
Highly efficient asymmetric synthesis of α‐aminoamides via the reaction of N‐sulfonyl imines with chiral carbamoylsilane
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhao Minggang , Chen Jianxin
Published: November 2022

A novel and practical asymmetric synthetic method of α‐amino amides by the reaction between N‐sulfonyl imines and N‐methyl‐N‐R‐(1‐phenyl)ethylcarbamoyl (trimethyl)silane under the induction of chiral group has been developed. The protocol tolerates various N‐sulfonyl imines bearing different groups, including aryl, double bond conjugated aryl, heteroaryl, and aliphatic group. Using carbamoylsilane with chiral group, the diastereoselectivity was very high for reactions of most N‐sulfonyl imines, and only one diastereomer was afforded in many reactions.
Performance of amine‐functionalized MIL‐53 incorporated thin‐film nanocomposite Pebax membranes for CO2/CH4 mixed gas separation
Authors: Fakoori Mahdi , Azdarpour Amin , Honarvar Bizhan
Published: November 2022

In the present paper, the gas transport characteristics of amine‐functionalized MIL‐53 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) integrated thin‐film nanocomposite (TFN) Pebax 2533 membranes dip‐coated over a polysulfone (PSF) layer were studied. Various characterization methods were used to investigate the impact of ligand functionalization by NH2 on the characteristics of the generated TFN membranes and their gas transport properties, including TGA, FESEM, BET, gas adsorption tests, and a series of CO2/CH4 mixed gas separation tests. According to the FESEM pictures, the NH2‐MIL 53(Al) particles were well distributed in the TFN membranes, with no apparent agglomeration, The gas adsorption experiment of NH2‐MIL 53(Al) particles showed that they adsorb CO2 selectively. The incorporation of NH2‐MIL 53(Al) into TFN membranes led to improved CO2/CH4 selectivity and increased gas permeability. In addition, CO2/CH4 selectivity and CO2 permeability of the CO2/CH4 mixed gas were enhanced from 11.05 to 26.55 and from 111.6 to 260.2 Barrer, respectively, when NH2‐MIL 53(Al) 20 wt% was added to the TFN membrane. In the CO2/CH4 mixed gas experiment, increasing the temperature from 30 to 50°C increased the permeability of both CH4 and CO2 while decreasing the CO2/CH4 selectivity. Furthermore, the performance of the prepared membranes was assessed at different feed pressures ranging from 4 to 8 bar. As the feed pressure increased, the CO2/CH4 separation improved. Also, with pure gas, the increase in NH2‐MIL53(Al) loading resulted in lower diffusivity selectivity amounts for the TFN membrane than for the pristine TFN, and solubility selectivity was enhanced from 5 to 20 wt% and was reduced to 25 and 30 wt% in the TFN, respectively. In the present study, the best results were obtained at 6 bar pressure, 30°C temperature, and 20 wt% loading of NH2‐MIL53(Al).
Different experimental approaches for Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy applications in biology and biotechnology: A selected choice of representative results
Authors: Errico Sonia , Moggio Martina , Diano Nadia , Portaccio Marianna , Lepore Maria
Published: November 2022

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for analyzing the biochemical properties of biological samples such as proteins, cellular materials, and tissues. It provides objective information on samples and has been adopted in many research areas of biomedical and biotechnological interest. FTIR spectroscopy can be performed using different approaches at the macro and micro levels allowing the examination of an incredibly broad class of materials. However, it has become evident that the choice of proper spectra acquisition geometries and the modalities of sample preparation in FTIR spectroscopy analysis require special consideration, especially for certain classes of materials such as cells and tissues. In the present paper, we described the different procedures used for preparing and analyzing different types of biological and biotechnological samples when the more largely available approaches are employed using a commercial FTIR spectrometer. Some basic aspects of data analysis procedures are presented in an Appendix. A certain number of our previous experimental results are reported for demonstrating once more the versatility and the potentiality of FTIR spectroscopy.
Investigating the strengths and weaknesses of online education during COVID‐19 pandemic from the perspective of professors and students of medical universities and proposing solutions: A qualitative study
Authors: Ameri Hosein , Mahami‐Oskouei Mina , Sharafi Simin , Saadatjoo Saeede , Miri Maryam , Arab‐Zozani Morteza
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to explore the strengths and weaknesses of e‐learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic from the perspective of its primary stakeholders, namely professors and students, and to provide practical solutions. Design is a qualitative study. We enrolled 22 faculty members and 58 students purposively. Research data were collected through a data collection checklist and via email and continued until the data were saturated. The qualitative content analyses were the basis of analysis in this study. Strengths were presented in 6 themes and 26 subthemes, weaknesses in 5 themes and 23 subthemes, and solutions were presented in 5 themes and 20 subthemes. Save money, time and energy; use modern software and educational technologies; and the ability to individualize education were among the strengths of e‐learning. The most important weaknesses related to e‐learning include infrastructure difficulties, problems related to the ability of professors and students to use educational systems. The most beneficial solutions offered included improving and upgrading the e‐learning infrastructure, empowering professors and students to use educational systems. We concluded that using online teaching has many strengths as well as some weaknesses. Identifying these strengths and weaknesses can help policymakers plan better.
Research progress on metabolomics in the quality evaluation and clinical study ofPanax ginseng
Authors: Xia Zhao‐di , Sun Bao , Wen Jin‐feng , Ma Ruo‐xin , Wang Feng‐yun , Wang Yu‐qi , Li Zhi‐hao , Jia Pu , Zheng Xiao‐hui
Published: November 2022

Panax ginseng, an essential component of traditional medicine and often referred to as the king of herbs, has played a pivotal role in medicine globally for several millennia. Previously, traditional phytochemical methods were mainly used for quality evaluation and pharmacological mechanism studies of ginseng, resulting in the lack of systematicness and innovation and hindering the development and utilization of ginseng resources. Since the beginning of the new century, systems biology technology represented by metabolomics has shown unique advantages in the modernization and internationalization of herbal medicine, establishing a bridge for communication between traditional medicine and modern medicine.P. ginseng, a special herb used in medicine and food, is one of the main research objects for qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolomics and has gradually become the focus of researchers globally. Here, we conducted a comprehensive summary and analysis of numerous studies published in ginseng metabolomics. This review aims to provide more novel ideas for the quality evaluation, development, and clinical application of ginseng in the future and offer more useful technical references for the modernization and internationalization of herbal medicine based on metabolomics.
Sintilimab versus docetaxel as second‐line treatment in advanced or metastatic squamous non‐small‐cell lung cancer: an open‐label, randomized controlled phase 3 trial (ORIENT‐3)
Authors: Shi Yuankai , Wu Lin , Yu Xinmin , Xing Puyuan , Wang Yan , Zhou Jianying , Wang Airong , Shi Jianhua , Hu Yi , Wang Ziping , An Guangyu , Fang Yong , Sun Sanyuan , Zhou Caicun , Wang Changli , Ye Feng , Li Xingya , Wang Junye , Wang Mengzhao , Liu Yunpeng , Zhao Yanqiu , Yuan Ying , Feng Jifeng , Chen Zhendong , Shi Jindong , Sun Tao , Wu Gang , Shu Yongqian , Guo Qisen , Zhang Yi , Song Yong , Zhang Shucai , Chen Yuan , Li Wei , Niu Hongrui , Hu Wenwei , Wang Lijun , Huang Jianan , Zhang Yang , Cheng Ying , Wu Zhengdong , Peng Bo , Sun Jiya , Mancao Christoph , Wang Yanqi , Sun Luyao
Published: November 2022

Background

Treatment options for Chinese patients with locally advanced or metastatic squamous‐cell non‐small‐cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC) after failure of first‐line chemotherapy are limited. This study (ORIENT‐3) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sintilimab versus docetaxel as second‐line treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic sqNSCLC.

Methods

ORIENT‐3 was an open‐label, multicenter, randomized controlled phase 3 trial that recruited patients with stage IIIB/IIIC/IV sqNSCLC after failure with first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 200 mg of sintilimab or 75 mg/m2 of docetaxel intravenously every 3 weeks, stratified by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) in the full analysis set (FAS). Secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR) and safety.

Results

Between August 25, 2017, and November 7, 2018, 290 patients were randomized. For FAS, 10 patients from the docetaxel arm were excluded. The median OS was 11.79 (n = 145; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.28‐15.57) months with sintilimab versus 8.25 (n = 135; 95% CI, 6.47‐9.82) months with docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56‐0.96; P = 0.025). Sintilimab treatment significantly prolonged PFS (median 4.30 vs. 2.79 months; HR: 0.52; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.68; P < 0.001) and showed higher ORR (25.50% vs. 2.20%, P < 0.001) and DCR (65.50% vs. 37.80%, P < 0.001) than the docetaxel arm. The median DoR was 12.45 (95% CI, 4.86‐25.33) months in the sintilimab arm and 4.14 (95% CI, 1.41‐7.23) months in the docetaxel arm (P = 0.045). Treatment‐related adverse events of grade ≥ 3 were reported in 26 (18.1%) patients in the sintilimab arm and 47 (36.2%) patients in the docetaxel arm. Exploratory biomarker analysis showed potential predictive values of expression levels of two transcription factors, including OVOL2 (HR: 0.35; P < 0.001) and CTCF (HR: 3.50; P < 0.001)，for sintilimab treatment.

Conclusions

Compared with docetaxel, sintilimab significantly improved the OS, PFS, and ORR of Chinese patients with previously treated locally advanced or metastatic sqNSCLC.
Applications of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Enzyme in Biotechnology
Authors: Ashley Jon , Potts Indiia Margarita , Olorunniji Femi J.
Published: November 2022

The use of polymerase enzymes in biotechnology has allowed us to gain unprecedented control over the manipulation of DNA, opening up new and exciting applications in areas such as biosensing, polynucleotide synthesis, and DNA storage, aptamer development and DNA‐nanotechnology. One of the most intriguing enzymes which has gained prominence in the last decade is terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), which is one of the only polymerase enzymes capable of catalysing the template independent stepwise addition of nucleotides onto an oligonucleotide chain. This unique enzyme has seen a significant increase in a variety of different applications. In this review, we give a comprehensive discussion of the unique properties and applications of TdT as a biotechnology tool, and the application in the enzymatic synthesis of poly/oligonucleotides. Finally, we look at the increasing role of TdT enzyme in biosensing, DNA storage, synthesis of DNA nanostructures and aptamer development, and give a future outlook for this technology.