bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive user interfaces in systems targeting chronic disease: a systematic literature review
Authors: Wang Wei , Khalajzadeh Hourieh , Grundy John , Madugalla Anuradha , McIntosh Jennifer , Obie Humphrey
Published: March 2023

eHealth technologies have been increasingly used to foster proactive self-management skills for patients with chronic diseases. However, it is challenging to provide each user with the desired support due to the dynamic and diverse nature of the chronic disease. Many such eHealth applications support aspects of 'adaptive user interfaces' -- that change or can be changed to accommodate the user and usage context differences. To identify the state-of-art in adaptive user interfaces in the field of chronic diseases, we systematically located and analysed 48 key studies in the literature with the aim of categorising the key approaches used to date and identifying limitations, gaps and trends in research. Our data synthesis, revolves around the data sources used for interface adaptation, the data collection techniques used to extract the data, the adaptive mechanisms used to process the data and the adaptive elements generated at the interface. The findings of this review will aid researchers and developers in understanding where adaptive user interface approaches can be applied and necessary considerations for employing adaptive user interfaces to different chronic disease-related eHealth applications.
Maximum weighted independent set: Effective reductions and fast algorithms on sparse graphs
Authors: Xiao Mingyu , Huang Sen , Chen Xiaoyu
Published: March 2023

The maximum independent set problem is one of the most important problems in graph algorithms and has been extensively studied in the line of research on the worst-case analysis of exact algorithms for NP-hard problems. In the weighted version, each vertex in the graph is associated with a weight and we are going to find an independent set of maximum total vertex weight. Many reduction rules for the unweighted version have been developed that can be used to effectively reduce the input instance without loss the optimality. However, it seems that reduction rules for the weighted version have not been systemically studied.In this paper, we design a series of reduction rules for the maximum weighted independent set problem and also design a fast exact algorithm based on the reduction rules.By using the measure-and-conquer technique to analyze the algorithm, we show thatthe algorithm runs in $O^*(1.1443^{(0.624x-0.872)n})$ time and polynomial space, where $x$ is the average degree of the graph.When the average degree is small, our running-time bound beats previous results. For example, on graphs with the average degree at most 3.68, our running time bound is better than that of previous polynomial-space algorithms for graphs with maximum degree at most 4.
Simulating Irrotational Gusts in a Low-Speed Wind Tunnel for Aerodynamic Data Assimilation
Authors: Beckers Diederik , Eldredge Jeff D.
Published: March 2023

Large-amplitude flow disturbances such as gusts can drastically change the aerodynamic loads on machines. Developing active flow control strategies to mitigate these gusts is challenging because the flow response depends non-linearly on the gust parameters. Wind-tunnel experiments and computational models can explore this parameter space but suffer from individual limitations such as a sensor's limited field of view or modeling uncertainties. However, combining both tools through data assimilation can alleviate some issues and generate richer data sets. For accurate results, it is important that the computational model can realistically predict the flow in the wind tunnel. For this purpose, we present a computational model (a digital twin) for a low-speed aerodynamics wind tunnel with irrotational gust generation using suction at the top of the test section. The model couples a viscous flow solution without wind-tunnel walls with a potential flow to correct the normal velocity at the walls and model the suction. We demonstrate the simulation of gust responses using three examples and compare different airfoils and approximations to show their effects. In the last example, we illustrate how to apply this model for data assimilation with experiments by inferring the time-varying gust strength from synthetic velocity measurements.
Development of 8–17 XNAzymes that are functional in cells
Authors: Chiba Kosuke , Yamaguchi Takao , Obika Satoshi
Published: March 2023

DNA enzymes (DNAzymes), which cleave target RNA with high specificity, have been widely investigated as potential oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Recently, xeno-nucleic acid (XNA)-modified DNAzymes (XNAzymes), exhibiting cleavage activity in cultured cells, have been developed. However, a versatile approach to modify XNAzymes that function in cells has not yet been established. Here, we report an X-ray crystal structure-based approach to modify 8–17 DNAzymes; this approach enables us to effectively locate suitable XNAs to modify. Our approach, combined with a modification strategy used in designing antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), rationally modified 8–17 DNAzyme (X8–17) that achieved high potency in terms of RNA cleavage and biostability against nucleases. In cells, X8–17, modified with 2′-OMe RNA, locked nucleic acid, and phosphorothioate, successfully induced endogenous MALAT-1and SRB1 RNA knockdown. This approach may help in developing XNAzyme-based novel therapeutic agents.
Maximum principle for the fractional N-Laplacian flow
Authors: CHOI Q-HEUNG , JUNG TACKSUN
Published: March 2023

We deal with a family of the fractional N-Laplacian heat flows with the variable exponent time-derivative on the Orlicz-Sobolev spaces. We get the maximum principle for these problems. We use the approximating method to get this result: We first show existence of a unique family of the approximating weak solutions from the variable exponent difference fractional N-Laplacian problems. We next show the maximum principle for the family of the approximating weak solution from the variable exponent difference fractional N-Laplacian problem, show the convergence of a family of the approximating weak solutions to the limits, and then obtain the maximum principle for the weak solution of a family of the fractional N-Laplacian heat flows with the variable exponent time-derivative on the Orlicz-Sobolev spaces.
AMS 2000 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 35A01, 35A25, 35D30, 35B50, 35K35, 46E30
Phenological phases and plant tissues of Commiphora leptophloeos influence the antibiofilm activity of Candida spp.
Authors: Silva Ana Gabrielle da Rocha e , de Siqueira Virgínia Medeiros , de Lima André Luiz Alves
Published: March 2023

Background
The plant metabolites production is affected by environmental and biological factors, especially in semiarid environments. Thus, its phonological phase may be an indicator of its phytochemical composition, although studies with this approach are scarce. The objective of this work was to investigate whether changes in the phonological phase of Commiphora leptophloeos influence its antibiofilm potential of Candida spp.
Methods
We tested ethanol and hexane extracts from leaves and barks of the plant, in two phonological phases, i.e. with leaves and flowers (harvest 1) and with fruits (harvest 2), were tested against three stains: Candida albicans URM 4387, C. krusei URM 6452 and C. tropicalis URM 4262. The effect of the extracts was evaluated in planktonic cells for determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration using the microdilution technique. We evaluated the extracts effect in biofilm formation and in pre-formed biofilms by colorimetric technique with crystal violet and the cell viability technique with methylene blue.
Results
All extracts showed inhibitory effect between the concentrations of 2mg/ml and 1mg/ml, as well as fungicidal effect in concentrations equal or higher than 2mg/ml. All the extracts were able to decrease viable cells in the biofilms by more than 50%. There was no synergism between the extracts and Fluconazole. The extracts of the second harvest (fruiting season) showed better results in the activity on the biofilm formation of Candida spp. The extracts of leaf from the first harvest showed higher inhibitory capacity against the pre-formed biofilms, and among the bark extracts, the second harvest was more efficient. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that there was a greater amount of Gallic acid in the bark of C. leptophloeos than in the leaves, with no difference between the harvests for this part of the plant. As for the leaves, the amount of Gallic acid found in the second harvest was higher than that quantified in the first harvest.
Conclusions
The promising capacity of C. leptophloeos extracts against Candida spp. biofilms is perceived. Furthermore, the results imply that the phenological phases are not the only factor to exert influence on the antibiofilm effect; the part of the plant used should also be taken into consideration.
DC-RST: A Parallel Algorithm for Random Spanning Trees in Network Analytics
Authors: Henke Lucas , Mehta Dinesh
Published: March 2023

The Mantel Test, discovered in the 1960s, determines whether two distance metrics on a graph are related. We describe DC-RST, an algorithm to accelerate a key step of a network science statistical computation associated with DimeCost, an approach that is faster the Mantel Test. DC-RST is a parallel, divide-and-conquer algorithm to compute a random spanning tree of a complete graph on n vertices. Relative to an implementation of Wilson’s sequential random-walk algorithm, on a system with 48 cores, DC-RST was up to 4X faster when first creating random partitions and up to 20X faster without this sub-step. DC-RST is shown to be a suitable replacement for Wilson’s sequential algorithm through a combination of theoretical and statistical results.
Influence of electric field on IgG positioning and its immobilization for solid biosensing substrates
Authors: Sruj D M
Published: March 2023

Most of the proteins are polar by their structural configuration, their stereochemistry entails overall charge of the molecule. In this study, Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is evaluated for its dipolar nature. An exclusive immunoassay pattern is designed to validate the idea by controlling the IgG orientation with external application of the electric field (EF). It includes mathematical estimations of the torque produced and the EF strength required to orient a single IgG molecule in normal room temperatures.In current pandemic scenario, the necessity of tests that provide clinical analysis of an individual is inevitable; thereby the use of immunoassay based rapid invitro diagnostic (IVD) test devices have become the most sort after point of care devices. The device configured in this study also explains the IgG orientation and immobilization post influence of EF in two dimensional geometry of flowchannel; and how it provides a platform for detection of the analytes with higher sensitivity. Therefore, this is also an attempt towards miniaturization of biosensor and to improve the signal intensity while optimizing the signal to noise ratio (SNR). Imparting qualities that suffice a stable, robust, portable sensing platform for a biosensor remains an added objective of this research.
Natural Exposure of Purchased Heifers in a Johne's Positive Herd
Authors: Helgerson Justin L. , Weston Kenneth D. , Jarnagin Jerald L. , Thoen Charles O.
Published: March 2023

Identifying and removing MAP-infected cattle in the early stages of disease, prior to shedding of the organism, will allow producers to prevent entry or spread of the causative agent of JD within a herd. This investigation was funded in part by the Iowa Livestock Health Advisory Council. Presented in part at the Second Annual Johne's Disease Integrated Conference, January 26-29th, University of California, Davis.
Mastitis in Small Ruminants
Authors: Ruegg Pamela L.
Published: March 2023

This paper reviews the epidemiology, etiologies, risk factors, and preventive management strategies used to minimize mastitis in dairy sheep and dairy goats. Clinical mastitis typically occurs in <5% of lactating does and ewes, but subclinical mastitis may occur in up to 15-30% of animals. Somatic cell counts (SCC) of milking ewes can be used to define subclinical mastitis, and a threshold of about 200,000 to 400,000 cells per mL will accurately identify most infected ewes. Interpretation of SCC values of milking goats is complicated by the presence of cytoplasmic particles in milk. However, intramammary infection (IMI) in milking does results in increased SCC values which must be interpreted based on intervening physiological factors such as stage of lactation, parity, and estrus. Milking management and dry-off treatment are important strategies for producers to adopt to minimize the development of new IMI.
Changes in Behavior and Clinical Illness Scores in Calves after Induction of Mycoplasma bovis Pneumonia
Authors: Amrine D. E. , White B. J. , Anderson D. E. , Larson R. L. , Mosier D. , Renter D. G.
Published: March 2023

Bovine respiratory disease is one of the most costly cattle diseases, and Mycoplasma bovis is increasingly recovered from calves having this syndrome. Respiratory disease is difficult to accurately identify based on clinical signs alone. Cattle alter their behavior when ill, and an improved understanding of behavioral changes could improve detection of affected cattle. The objective of this study was to quantify changes in cattle behavior patterns prior to and after Mycoplasma bovis challenge, and to evaluate potential associations of these changes with clinical illness scores and severity of pulmonary lesions.
Evaluation of risks of violative milk residues following extra-label topical administration of tetracycline for digital dermatitis in dairy cattle
Authors: Cramer G. , Johnson R.
Published: March 2023

Digital dermatitis (DD) is a commonly found foot lesion in cattle at the time of hoof trimming. At this point in time there are no licensed antimicrobials available for DD in North America, and DD is commonly treated with topical tetracycline antimicrobials at varying doses. This usage of topical tetracycline is extra-label drug use, and limited data is available to evaluate the risk of violative milk residues following treatment. Previous work that has evaluated the risk of violative milk residues only looked at one dosing regimen and used a tetracycline formulation that is currently not widely used by professional hoof trimmers or veterinarians. The objective of this project was to determine if various application methods or tetracycline dosages would result in tetracycline residue levels in milk.
Roles and opportunities for technicians in using digital imaging technology to perform necropsies
Authors: Gaudet Ashley
Published: March 2023

With the ever-changing demands of food animal practices, the roles oftechnicians within them are evolving as well. In population medicine, timely and accurate postmortem diagnoses can result in earlier detection of disease outbreaks and opportunities to make treatment and management changes. Digital postmortem examinations have been used with great success in the feedlot industry, and advances in digital imaging technology now allow for the capture and transfer of images of advanced diagnostic quality without being cost-prohibitive. Technicians have the opportunity, through assisting in the collection of necropsy data using digital imaging technology, to greatly influence the number of animals being necropsied annually by providing cost-effective options for producers. The details provided herein are meant to assist technicians in using digital imaging technology to perform necropsies in a consistent and standardized fashion while outlining opportunities for other uses of digital imaging technology.
Teaching Under a Glass Ceiling: A Study of Gender Equity in Federal Education Career Fields
Authors: Baker Bud , Graham Scott , Williams Scott
Published: March 2023

Consider this picture: You are on the ground floor of a building, one of thosemodern palaces where balconied floors surround a central atrium reaching all theway to the roof. As you gaze upward, you can see fifteen floors of the building, allcontaining the expected level of activity: people are walking, alone and in groups,glass elevators are gliding up and down, a few people lean on the balcony railings,admiring the beauty of the architecture.
Working Against the Grain: Rewards and Consequences of Developing a Personal Voice in Academia
Authors: LePage Pamela , Given-Generett Gretchen
Published: March 2023

As a topic for my dissertation, I conducted a two-year study toexplore the experiences of women who achieved highly inacademics and who were also disadvantaged as children(LePage-Lees, 1997a). The women were considered highachievers since they had earned advanced degrees or werecurrently enrolled as advanced graduate students with at leasttwo years of graduate work completed. Women wereconsidered disadvantaged if they were raised in low-incomehomes, were first-generation college students, and had facedstress as children (e.g., family dysfunction or instability, illness,or death, etc.). From this definition, the women's resources hadbeen limited in three categories: financial, informational, andemotional.
Magazines: What Adolescent Girls are Reading and the Way They Shape Body Image
Authors: Sauer Heidi , Robles-Piña Rebecca
Published: March 2023

IntroductionTHE RIGHT WAY TO KISS. LOOK HOT, FEEL GREAT.WOULD YOU DATE THIS GUY? WILL YOU SURVIVEREAL LIFE? 10 WAYS"¦TO SMELL PRETTY ALLSUMMER. QUIZ: ARE YOU BOY CRAZY? These areheadlines in current issues of popular teen magazinesSeventeen, CosmoGIRL, and YM. The number of teenagers inthis country is on the rise, and magazines and advertisers aredesperately vying for the billions of dollars of discretionaryincome that teenagers spend on entertainment (Dobosz, 2001).However, the teen market is fragmented and fickle, somagazine publishers struggle to keep up with shifting tastes(Merrill, 1999). The traditional "big three" teen magazines areSeventeen, YM, and Teen (Dobosz, 2001; Merrill, 1999;Norton, 2001; Thomsen, Weber, & Brown, 2002). Just thesethree magazines have a combined readership of over 10 million(Norton, 2001).
Redefining the Voice of Women Administrators
Authors: Tripses Jenny
Published: March 2023

Voice has multiple meanings. Voice is individual and unique, while at the same timerequires another to listen and react. The journey towards an authentic voicerequires courage and persistence (Issacs, 1999). Voice in feminist literature refersto a way of being that defines female development and encompasses women'svalue for connectedness (Gilligan, 1982). Voice is compared to vision, a leadershipbuzzword (Belenky, Clinchy, Goldberger, & Tarule, 1986; Helgesen, 1990). Voicediffers from seeing (vision) which is a one-way process that can exist even if it isnot communicated to others. Voice and listening, on the other hand, suggestdialogue and interaction (Helgesen, 1990, Issacs, 1999). This paper chronicles thedialogue of an organization of women administrators as they redefined theircollective voice.
What's Really at Stake with High-Stakes Testing?
Authors: Polnick Barbara , Reed Dianne
Published: March 2023

High-stakes testing has the potential to make significant differences in the lives of children and adults acrossa variety of educational settings. Decisions related to high-stakes testing can affect individuals and systemsat the local, regional, state, and national levels (Ysseldyke et al., 2004). Advocates of high-stakes testinghope test scores will prompt schools and organizations to reform policy, encourage teachers to adopt moreeffective practices, and motivate students to work harder based on the school's accountability report(Stecher, 2002). However, some studies indicate that high-stakes testing can have negative as well aspositive consequences and that these consequences sometimes result in different experiences for femalesand minorities. In this article, we define high-stakes tests, describe both positive and negative consequencesof these assessments as they relate to females and minorities, discuss reasons for performance differencesamong diverse groups, and share cautions regarding uses of high-stakes tests.
Education and Women's Resiliency: Exploring the Experiences of Successful Women from Disadvantaged Backgrounds
Authors: Lepage-Lees Pamela
Published: March 2023

While some research has explored the needs of minority women, very little research has focused onwomen who have faced other disadvantages beyond those associated with minority status.
Do microfinance programs benefit women in developing countries?
Authors: Siraj Mazhar
Published: March 2023

This paper looks at the case for and against the view that microfinance programs benefit women in developing countries, based on a selective body of research. The analysis suggests that women constitute the largest pie of the clientele of microfinance programs at the global level. Broadly, these programs have worked withing two paradigms which aim at (1) poverty alliveation and (2) empowerpment of women within femenist discourse. However, the literature remains about the real impact of these programs In some developing countries, access to microcredit has helped many women to cross the poverty line but even when poverty has been alleviated, scepticism presits about long term and sustainable benefits of empowerment. included but not limited to, control of women over incomes through investing credit or savings, improved baragaining power and social status. This is because the commercialization of microcredit and savings services is shifting focus from the poor clients, particularly women, to all those who needs credits form formal institutions. This development is jeopardizing the objectives of proverty alliveation and empowerment of women and calls for greater attention to the needs of women in settling objectieves and design for microfinance in developing countries
Queen Bees and Mommy Tracking: How's an Academic Woman Supposed to Get Ahead?
Authors: Cummins Helene A.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this article is to highlight the socio-cultural variables that detract from women's success in academe. The focus is on all women academics, whether partnered or not, and how mommy tracking and the queen bee may also work to hold women back. Implications of these issues for women academics are explored.
Role Performance of Female Headteachers in Primary Schools: A Case of Bondo District, Kenya
Authors: Atieno Omondi E.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine the role performance of female head teachers in primary schools in Bondo district of the republic of Kenya. Descriptive survey design was used in the study. As the population of female headteachers is not so big, 16 out of 17 schools were used for the research. Questionnaire and interview guide were used to gather information from the respondents. Data were analysed using tally marks and total frequencies to generate frequency accounts out of which percentages were calculated. Information collected through interview schedules and discussions were thematically described.The findings revealed that in all six administrative tasks, the female head teachers' performance was generally good. It is expected that the results of this study may help to shed light on how female head teachers perform their roles as administrators and to provide some indication of direction that could change the perception of the role of female head teachers from negative to positive. Results may also provide an indication of what additional steps may need to be taken to address the elevations of more female teachers to leadership roles. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the government should come up with mentors among the female head teachers, thoroughly train some of them who will in turn be in a positions to offer assistance and more guidance to their counter parts. This will help motivate female teachers to pursue leadership roles.
Cross-Generational Perspectives on Work-Life Balance and its Impact on Women's Opportunities for Leadership in the Workplace
Authors: Roebuck Deborah B. , Smith Deborah N. , El Haddaoui Terri
Published: March 2023

This qualitative study focuses on how women of three different generations, Generation Y, Generation X and Baby Boomers, view the concept of work-life balance and what relationship these views have to their attainment of workplace leadership positions. Work-life balance was defined differently across the three generations, but the generational lines faded as most women reported struggling with finding a balance. Some women conveyed choosing not to pursue high-level leadership positions as the personal cost was too high. Those who had obtained high-level leadership positions shared what types of support were most effective in helping them juggle personal and professional obligations. A general theory became apparent; the answer for women may not be balancing, but rather integrating work-life commitments.
Gender Differences of Perceived Leadership Skills Among Saudi Students
Authors: Alexander Neva , Guta Hala Asmina , Poole Gregory
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study is to examine female participation in Saudi labor market as leaders. The leadership skills with whichstudents in Saudi universities and colleges can how educational institutions make their students career ready. However,considering the low female participation in the Saudi labor market, exploring the gender differences in leadership skills isequally crucial as the leadership skills acquired in higher education institution can significantly influence employmentopportunities. In addition, the gender differences in perceived leadership skills is the fact that the social roles assigned to womenin Saudi society bear great significance on how they perceive their skills, which will be discussed further in the discussionportion of this paper.
Locus of Control Job Satisfaction Job Stress among Female Headteachers at Primary Schools in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Nurdiana Gaus Nurdiana Gaus
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between internal locus of control and job satisfaction, job stress and sexesof female head-teachers of primary schools in Makassar, Indonesia. A total of 85 female respondents returned the completedquestionnaires. This is a one - phased quantitative research using questionnaire instruments to collect data. The questionnaireswere distributed by mailing them to the schools' address of each respondent. The data were analyzed using SPSS package.Arithmetic statistics used such as mean, standard deviation, Pearson's product moment correlation and stepwise multipleregression analysis. To establish content validity which supported construct validity, a principal component factor analysis wasapplied. The results of this study revealed that there was a significant correlation between internal locus of control and jobsatisfaction and job stress of female headteachers at elementary schools in Makassar. There was no relationship between sexes(married with children and had maid; married with children had no maid ) with internal locus of control of female headteachersin primary schools in Makassar, Indonesia.
Making Meaning of Barriers and Adversity: Experiences of Women Leaders in Higher Education
Authors: Diehl Amy B.
Published: March 2023

Extensive research has demonstrated that women aspiring to and serving as leaders face many barriers, which creates a glass ceiling effect for women's advancement into top leadership positions. In higher education, women hold only 26 percent of all college and university presidencies. The objective of this qualitative study was to discover the meaning of adversity for women leaders in higher education. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 26 women in senior leadership roles in higher education. The research question was "How do women leaders in higher education make meaning of adversity?" Participants reported experiencing wide-ranging types of adversity, including gender-based leadership barriers. While adversity had a generally positive effect on participant identity, it had disparate effects on self-esteem, power, connections to others, and worldviews. The common thread was that adversity can lead to growth and opportunity but such benefits are intertwined with pain and loss.
Big Jumps in Women's Presence in Parliaments: Are These Sufficient for Improving Beliefs in Women's Ability to Govern?
Authors: Alexander Amy
Published: March 2023

In this article, I examine whether sudden, big jumps in women's presence in parliament are sufficient for improving beliefs in women's ability to govern in the two cases with pre and posttest data: Iraq and Spain. I explain why big jumps lend themselves to tests of sufficiency, defend the theory confirming advantages of this analytic approach and discuss the advantages of the Iraqi and Spanish comparison. The Iraqi and Spanish tests of sufficiency include pre and posttest models of the effect of the big jump using ordinal regression analysis. The analyses are run over 5026 Iraqi respondents and 2411 Spanish respondents to surveys administered before and after the big jumps. The analysis confirms that big jumps are sufficient for improvement of beliefs in women's ability to govern in Iraq and Spain.
"Discrimination? Low Pay? Long Hours? I am Still Excited:" Female Sport Management Students' Perceptions of Barriers toward a Future Career in Sport
Authors: Harris Kristin Fowler Harris Fowler , Grappendorf Heidi , Aicher Thomas , Veraldo Cynthia
Published: March 2023

Women continue to be underrepresented in the management and leadership ranks of sport. Researchers have worked towards understanding the various challenges and barriers women face in the sport industry. This study sought to expand that research taking a new angle to explore the underrepresentation of women in sport by examining female undergraduates' perceptions of their future careers within the sport industry. Three focus groups with a total of 16 participants were utilized to gather data. Two investigators coded and searched for emerging themes from the focus group transcripts. The following themes emerged in this study: (a) perceptions regarding potential job discrimination (i.e., gender stereotypes, gender discrimination), (b) perceptions regarding industry-specific concerns (i.e., difficulty networking, job market constraints, long work hours, low salary range, multiple-role conflict, excitement regarding entrance into the field), and (c) overall excitement regarding future careers in sport.
In Our Own Words: African American Women Student Affairs Professionals Define their Experiences in the Academy
Authors: West Nicole
Published: March 2023

The present study was conducted to explore the self-conceptualizations of terms that describe the experiences of African American women student affairs professionals employed at PWIS. The participants in the study noted both the physical and psychological representations of being underrepresented, isolated, and marginalized in the context of their lives in the academy. Further, they noted the often intangible and intrinsic factors that contributed to their sense of personal well-being and professional success. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Attitudes Toward Women Leaders Analyzed by Gender and Occupations (1984-1998)
Authors: Lougheed Jacqueline
Published: March 2023

In 1984, responding to the concerns of female graduate students, I founded Oakland University's Womenin Leadership Forum. The Forum was designed to provide skill sessions to assist women in their searchfor leadership positions in education and social service agencies. In addition to the skill sessions, panelsof successful women in leadership positions provided valuable insights as well as strategies for success.The design also included a research component to study the prevailing attitudes of women and mentoward women leaders with a comparison of leadership styles of women and men. Attitudes are formed atan early age and are reinforced by prevailing traditions and society's socialization processes. It wasdeemed important to assess attitudes for attitudes in turn shape our reactions and assessments of ourselvesand other
A Quantitative Analysis of the Personal Characteristics and Workplace Experiences of Women and Men as Professional and Community Leaders
Authors: Zanville Rose Lyn
Published: March 2023

In the past, the subject of leadership in women has been confined to anecdotal figures who are remarkablefor their small numbers. Women leaders have emerged as a more common phenomenon in Americansociety in the last three decades, reflecting the transition in the status of women in society. According toDye and Strickland (1982), between 1970 and 1980, the total number of women managers andadministrators in the U.S. workforce increased over 100%. However, this change has not extendedthrough all levels of leadership. Hymowitz & Schellhardt found that by 1985 only 2.7% of the topexecutives and directors of AT&T were women and 8.3% and 15% of division and district managers werewomen. In contrast, 22% of second-level supervisors and 38.7% of first -level supervisors were women.The slow progress of women on this front has two possible explanations. One is "the glass ceiling," aterm that was coined in 1986 by Hymowitz and Schellhardt, two Wall Street Journal reporters. This is aninvisible barrier that blocks women from advancing to senior leadership positions in organizations. Analternative explanation to "the glass ceiling" might be a delay in the pipeline with appreciable numbers ofwomen only now reaching the point in their careers where senior positions are available.With increasing competition for leadership positions, women will likely encounter a growing number ofobstacles to promotion (Pipelines of Progress, An Update on the Glass Ceiling Initiative, 1992). In asurvey of female senior executives, one-third believed that the number of female executives in theircompanies would remain static or decrease (Business Week, June 8, 1992).In 1991, the author was a participant in a yearlong program run by a private, nonprofit organization forwomen professional and community leaders. Beginning that year, the author initiated a study of thesewomen.The goal of this study was to discern how factors of personal background and workplace experiencecompare in successful women and men leaders. It was then extrapolated that these factors might influencethe course of advancement for women leaders vis a vis men leaders.
Variasi Konsentrasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam Pembuatan Wine Buah Dilak (Limonia acidissima)
Authors: Tefa Petra , Ledo Mellissa Erlyn Sedo , Nitsae Merpiseldin
Published: March 2023

Buah Dilak (Limonia acidissima) digemari oleh masyarakat Nusa Tenggara Timur karena  rasanya yang manis dan aromanya yang harum. Kulit buah Dilak juga dimanfaatkan oleh  masyarakat sebagai wadah untuk mengambil air. Karakteristik buah Dilak yang manis dengan  aroma yang harum berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan dasar fermentasi minuman beralkohol seperti wine. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi konsentrasi inokulum Sacharomyces  cerevisiae terhadap kualitas wine buah Dilak (L. acidissima). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini  adalah metode eksperimental untuk mengukur konsentrasi alkohol menggunakan vinometer, pengukuran  pH, dan uji organoleptik wine hasil fermentasi buah Dilak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin  tinggi konsentrasi S. cerevisiae yang digunakan dalam fermentasi maka semakin tinggi kadar alkohol yang  terbentuk pada wine buah Dilak. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa alkohol yang terdapat pada wine buah Dilak berkisar antara 13,3%-23,3 % dengan nilai pH berkisar antara 3 - 4. Hasil uji organoleptik panelis  terhadap wine buah Dilak berdasarkan parameter warna, rasa, dan aroma menunjukkan persentase kesukaan  tertinggi pada wine yang dihasilkan dari perlakuan P2 dengan konsentrasi S.cerevisiae 2%
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine in the USA
Authors: Dang Thuan , Taype-Roberts Carmen
Published: March 2023

Sleep medicine and its practice in the United States of America (USA) has grown from the first center focusing on sleep disorders established at Stanford University in 1964 to more than 2,500 American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) accredited sleep centers and numerous professional organizations supporting sleep health professionals including board-certified sleep medicine physicians, behavioral sleep specialists, advance practice registered nurses and/or physician assistants and sleep technologists. As sleep medicine continues to grow in the USA, multiple challenges including widening economic inequality, racial/ethnic inequities, and limited healthcare access directly affects the patient setting. Limited sleep medicine education in medical school restricts the ability to educate patients as well as primary care providers on the importance of identifying sleep disorders early on to improve access. The financial burdens of diagnosing and treating sleep disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea is seen in an estimated cost of $16 billion annually. Research and data collection includes surveillance surveys conducted by the Sleep and Sleep Disorders Team from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as well as continuing research in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Additional studies addressing sleep issues and racial disparities in the US are prudent in highlighting this crucial area. Continued efforts in clinical and research knowledge gaps are necessary to support the growing need for sleep medicine providers and services in the USA.
Sleep Medicine Practice and Training in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Qasrawi Shaden O. , BaHammam Ahmed S.
Published: March 2023

Sleep medicine as an independent medical specialty is relatively new in Saudi Arabia. Since its foundation, there has been significant growth and an increase in the number of sleep medicine physicians and technologists to meet the continuous increase in demand among the Saudi population. In response to the expansion of sleep medicine in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCHS) established clear guidelines for the accreditation of sleep medicine physicians and technologists in 2012. Currently, there are two training programs providing structured training and certification in sleep medicine in Saudi Arabia. Despite this progress, there are still many difficulties hindering sleep medicine growth in Saudi Arabia, including the shortage of trained technicians, and specialists, the lack of financial support, and awareness of sleep disorders and their profound effects on healthcare workers and healthcare authorities. In the future, it is essential to introduce sleep medicine in the medical educational system at all levels to show the importance of early recognition and management of sleep disorders, in addition to developing research that is necessary to build knowledge about the prevalence of many sleep disorders in order to help to plan the number of sleep specialists and sleep facilities needed to meet the increasing demands. This chapter discusses the current practice of sleep medicine, and the challenges it faces in Saudi Arabia, in addition to the available data and research about common sleep disorders among the Saudi population.
Sleep Medicine in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Devnani Preeti , Farooq Sobia , Huffman Kelly L , Ahmed Ayesha , Rifai Hadie
Published: March 2023

Sleep disorders are increasingly being recognized as a major health problem in the UAE. The rising prevalence, potentially modifiable risk factors, and impact on global health outcomes have prompted the growth of sleep medicine. The burden of under-recognized disease has encouraged patient and physician-centric education. Supported by nationalized health insurance plans, the medical fraternity has adopted a multi-disciplinary approach to optimize resources and outcomes, while recognizing that these measures are initial steps in the unique challenges posed.
Sleep Medicine in China
Authors: Xu Liyue , Li Chenyang , Han Fang
Published: March 2023

As the world's most populous country, China has a high prevalence of sleep disorders, posing a huge public health burden. After 30 years of development, more and more professionals, patients, and public health policymakers are recognizing the importance of sleep. Although sleep problem is recognized in the Traditional Chinese Medicine area, modern sleep medicine starts from the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. By 2017, about 2,000 sleep centers had been established nationwide which can diagnose and treat OSA, narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep disorder, and other sleep diseases. Research in different sleep fields has emerged in the recent 20 years. However, there are gaps between the sleep service capacity and the demand from patients due to the lack of sleep professionals as well as the medical insurance coverage. Education and training of both physicians and technicians still have a long way to go. Understanding the development and challenges will help us maintain the development of sleep medicine in China.
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine in Lebanon
Authors: Coussa-Koniski Marie-Louise M. , Costanian Christy , Sabri Alain Michel
Published: March 2023

There are several major universities and medical schools in Lebanon, including the American University of Beirut School of Medicine & Medical Center, Lebanese American University/Medical Center, Lebanese University, Universite Saint Joseph/Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut Arab University, University of Balamand, Saint Georges University/Medical Center, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik and others. Many of these medical centers and schools of medicine offer a solid medical education as well as post-graduate training in various fields of medicine that are related to sleep medicine. These include Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General/Bariatric Surgery, Neurology, Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dentistry, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics, Psychiatry, Nutrition/dietetics and other related specialties.

As will be further elaborated in this chapter, there are multiple particularities related to the diagnosis and management of patients who have sleep disorders in Lebanon. Even though the field is developing, there are certainly opportunities for further advancement and development.
Current Practice of Sleep Medicine in Turkey
Authors: Sahin Caner , Orhan Kubat Gozde
Published: March 2023

Sleep Medicine is considered a relatively new specialty in medicine. The practice of sleep medicine in Turkey began in the late 20th century. Sleep medicine in Turkey has developed with the opening of several sleep medicine facilities. The Turkish Medical Association and the Ministry of Health oversee the accreditation of sleep centers as well as certify sleep specialists. The diagnosis and proper treatment of obstructive sleep apnea are important when obtaining driver’s licenses and serving in the military. The major hurdles that the sleep medicine community faces in Turkey are financial especially in the current, post COVID-19, and Russian-Ukranian war economic crisis. In addition to these barriers, there are also gaps in knowledge and awareness particularly as it pertains to interethnic differences in sleep disorders’ susceptibility.
Sleep Medicine in Nepal: Practice Differences, Resources and Gaps in Knowledge
Authors: Bhatta Narendra , Mishra Deebya Raj , Verma Avatar , Shahi Rejina , Hangma Limbu Sion , Katwal Srijan , Bhatta Nishad
Published: March 2023

The Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal is one of the most beautiful and stunning Himalayan countries in the world where health care needs of the majority of the population are delivered by a hybrid system of public and private sectors. Public does not perceive sleep disorders to be as critical as other health problems because they remain unaware of the serious consequences of sleep deprivation and sleep disorders. Multiple segments of the Nepalese population are awake across all hours of the 24-hour day because of the large proportions of people working as migrant workforce across the globe in different time zones. Current data reveals a high public health burden of sleep loss and sleep disorders are among them yet these disorders are frequently ignored, readily treatable, and unrecognized health problems in Nepal.

Sleep medicine remains an interdisciplinary field crossing different specialties but in Nepal, it has become almost a subspecialty of pulmonary medicine in the past few years. Nepal does not have sufficient healthcare resources to deliver the appropriate care to patients with sleep-related disorders because of an inadequate number of physicians trained in sleep medicine. Sleep disorders and sleep medicine as a specialty are under-recognized by both the public and health professionals. The government should rethink policies and redesign the programs to address the evolving syndemic of sleep disorders, metabolic syndrome, and tobacco smoking in Nepal and incorporate sleep medicine in undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula to address the gap in the clinical care of patients with sleep disorders in Nepal.
Practice of Sleep Medicine in Zambia
Authors: John Mateyo Kondwelani
Published: March 2023

Zambia, a southern African country with a resource-strained healthcare system that for the past three decades has been tailored to fight the HIV pandemic, is grappling with an increasing non-communicable disease burden. The practice of sleep medicine in Zambia, with sleep disorders being a cause of some of the cardiovascular and motor-vehicle-related morbidity and mortality, has long lagged behind the significant HIV-related disease burden. Sleep disorders in Zambia have therefore remained under-researched, and unquantified and thus are not considered a significant clinical problem.

Against a background of scarce specialized sleep practitioners, the absence of a specific regulatory framework for the practice of sleep medicine, and the absolute lack of equipped sleep centers, the diagnosis of sleep disorders is based on the use of validated clinical risk questionnaires. The availability of treatment devices in the country is also scarce. Further, population-wide and practitioner knowledge-gaps have exacerbated the stagnation of the practice of sleep medicine and research. These deficiencies however present an opportunity to finally harness the practice of sleep medicine and the conduct of sleep-related research, and make them a priority.