bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Massive open online courses (MOOCS) for university education: a study on students’ experiences at the University of Ghana
Authors: Eshun Samuel Nuamah , Addae David , Owusuwaa Manu Abigail Abena
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to examine students’ experiences in participating in MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) at the University of Ghana. The study employed the qualitative research method. All the 12 students of the University of Ghana’s Department of Adult Education and Human Resource Studies who enrolled in a MOOC course participated in the study. The study revealed that students are mostly attracted to Coursera and edx than other available MOOC platforms. Students view MOOC as affordable, accessible and of quality. MOOC challenge mostly cited by students is intermittent internet connectivity. In anticipation of the increase in enrollment in Ghanaian Universities in 2020 and beyond due to the Free Senior High School programme of the government, the study recommended that Universities and other tertiary institutions convert some of their study courses registered by students into MOOCs to create more lecture spaces for prospective students.
Family stressors and depression among women in the Ketu-South Municipality in the Volta region of Ghana: counselling implications
Authors: Doh Fia Stephen , Loshar-Woyram Sylvester
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the influence of family stressors on depression among women in the Ketu-South Municipality in the Volta Region. The study used the descriptive survey design. The census method was used to select a sample of 70 women for the study. The Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (FILE) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II) were used to collect data for the study. The data collected were analysed using means, standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and Linear Multiple Regression. The study revealed that the prominent family stressor among the women experiencing depression in the Ketu-South Municipality is loss of family members (overall mean of 4.22). In addition, the study revealed that family stressors significantly contribute to depression among women (R=.749, p=.039) with loss of family members being the highest contributor to depression (Beta=2.123, p=.037). The study recommended that government and nongovernmental agencies should control family stressors among women living with depression.
Social Engineering Attacks in E-Government System: Detection and Prevention
Authors: Ahmed Musa Midila
Published: February 2022

Purpose: E-Government system emerged as a novel public service provision platform that enables governance in an efficient and transparent manner globally. However, despite the success recorded so far by the increase in the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and E-government for public service provision. Social engineering attack (SEA) is one of the challenging information security attacks that prove to be difficult to tackle. This is because the attackers leverage on peoples’ weakness to exploit the system instead of technical vulnerabilities.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper uses PESTLE (political, economic, social, technology, legal and environment) analysis to critically evaluate the external factors affecting SEAs in E-government system.
Findings/Result: The study identified phishing, Baiting, Pretexting, Quid Pro Quo, Honey Trap, Tail Gating, and Pharming as the major SEA techniques used to exploit E-government systems. Furthermore, the author suggest training and awareness programme as the most effective way to detect as well as prevent SEA in E-government system. Users should be aware of the languages with terms requesting urgent response as well as unusual or unexpected situation in a suspicious messages or attachment as factors to detect SEA. Technical controls using natural language processes (NLP), security policies, multifactor authentication (MFA) as well as secured preservation of confidential information from suspicious users are some of the SEA preventive measures.
Originality/Value: A flexible and efficient interaction among citizens, businesses and government organizations is a critical factor for successful E-Government system. SEA is one of major challenges affecting communications in E-government system that requires attention. In conclusion, studies toward technological approach for solution of SEA in E-government is recommended.
Paper Type: Conceptual Research.
Assessment of Knowledge & Awareness among the Professionals Regarding the Concept of Safety by Design
Authors: Shrestha Sunit Prasad , Mishra A. K. , Aithal P. S.
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Recently safety by design is widely used globally in the design phase of the project itself as a proactive approach to safety management. so the overall objective of this research is to assess the knowledge & awareness among Nepalese professionals regarding the concept of Safety by Design.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study covers a systematic review of a wide range of papers using content analysis followed by a scheduled questionnaire survey. Constructivism philosophy of research was used. Piloting assures the quality of five ranking Likert scale questionnaire before the survey. ANOVA test was used to analyze the response collected. Cronbach’s alpha assures reliability and literature comparison assures validity.
Findings/Result: Most of the design professionals have heard of SbD from 2011 to 2020 during the college only as satisfactory to a good understanding. Understanding of the Clients was found to be satisfactory whereas that of Contractors and Engineers in abroad was having good understanding. They rarely get to address the worker's health and safety during the design phase even after realizing high importance. Lack of sufficient guidelines, manuals, online resources, or other materials that facilitate using of the SbD approach was found.
Limited knowledge regarding SbD was considered as the most important factor that restricted the use of SbD in the construction industry. Also, no regulatory provisions and designer's limited experience were the ones to restrict the use of SbD. Regarding the factors contributing to the success of SbD, design professionals agreed that legislative force is the most important factor followed by tools and guidelines related to SbD. Apart from them engaging the SbD experts and support from industry are equally important for the success of SbD.
Originality/Value: It is action research. This study helps in motivating and creating awareness among the design professionals working not only in transmission lines but also to study and use the concept of safety by design in their respective fields to eliminate the hazards.
Paper Type: Ex-Post Facto Research
Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study on Gardenia gummifera
Authors: Kanchan K. Jangam  , Dattaprasad. N. Vikhe  , Ravindra S. Jadhav
Published: February 2022

The present review foregrounds the Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and medicinal study of Garedniagummifera. There are several formulations extracted from Gardeniagummifera are currently distributed progressively everywhere the map. This has given rise to a associated increase in analysis on the phytochemical constituents and biological activity of Gardenia gummifera. It's belongs to Rubiaceae family and it’s widely used for antispasmodic, carminative, anthelmintic activities in ayurvedic system of drugs. primarily in fruit had wealthy worth of medicine, antiradical and insecticidal properties relatively alternative elements of plant of gardeniagummifera, however the full plant of Gardeniagummifera having medicine activities like antispasmodic, carminative, anthelmintic, diaphoretic and medicine. The aim of review on explicit plant is many folks medicines in use are obtained from medicinal plants, minerals and organic matter. Throughout the past many years, there has been enlarge attentiveness among the uses of varied medicinal plants from the modern system of drugs for the treatment of various diseases. Gardeniagummifera utilized in drugs as a house remedy for many aliments. This review provides details of the Morphology, Microscopy (Pharmacognostic study), Phytochemical screening and medicine exploration on the Gardeniagummifera species for further research work.
Determinantes do preço do aluguel de apartamento residencial na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (2020)
Authors: De Vasconcelos Souza Diego
Published: February 2022

O preço do aluguel residencial pode ser influenciado por diversos fatores, intrínsecos ou extrínsecos. Neste contexto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo estimar os determinantes do preço do aluguel residencial na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. A construção teórica do artigo tem como base abordagem de preços hedônicos. A amostra utilizada contém 994 imóveis residenciais. A análise foi feita através de uma regressão múltipla estimada via estimadores robustos, sendo os determinantes utilizados: Área m2, Andar, Nº Quartos, Nº Banheiros. Vagas de Estacionamento, se o imóvel aceita animal ou não, e se o imóvel é mobiliado ou não. Os resultados encontrados corroboram com estudos anteriores, reafirmando que variáveis utilizadas no modelo estimado impactaram positivamente no preço do aluguel dos imóveis. Vale destacar que a variável mobília foi a que mais impactou no preço do aluguel, a presença de mobília impacta em 25,80% o preço do aluguel. A variável referente à permissão de animais de estimação foi a única que afetou negativamente o preço dos imóveis segundo o modelo estimado.
CUIDADO AO PACIENTE COM CORDOMA: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Campolino Luana Moura , Rossi Leticia Zanutto , Cyrino Claudia Maria Silva , Campos Elisângela Cristina
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Nos últimos anos vem sendo observado um aumento significativo da incidência de cânceres no mundo, que se torna um problema de saúde pública e afeta a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Cordoma é uma neoplasia maligna de baixo grau. Por ter um crescimento lento, o diagnostico muitas vezes é tardio, e o tumor se torna localmente agressivo devido a relação com estruturas neuro vasculares críticas e alto índice de recorrência local. Os sinais e sintomas da patologia vão depender da localização da lesão, a dor pode ser inespecífica do tipo radicular e o diagnostico costuma ser feito dentro do primeiro ano em que os sintomas aparecem. Objetivo: Aprofundar conhecimentos técnico-científicos por meio das etapas do Processo de Enfermagem (PE) realizado em paciente jovem com diagnóstico de cordoma. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caso clínico em enfermagem realizado por meio de uma abordagem investigativa após concordância do paciente e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Utilizou-se na operacionalização do Processo de Enfermagem, as cinco etapas interdependentes e recorrentes propostas por Wanda Aguiar Horta. Tais etapas estão fundamentadas em conhecimentos e sistemas de classificação internacionais próprios da enfermagem. Resultados: A partir de um agrupamento de dados advindos da primeira etapa do PE, foram selecionados 11 principais diagnósticos de enfermagem ao caso clinico, utilizando-se a NANDA-I, compostos por resultados/metas e intervenções, no sentido de atender as necessidades psicobiológicas e psicosociais identificadas. Conclusão: Ao utilizar a metodologia assistencial do PE, que é capaz de incluir todos os procedimentos para uma avaliação clínica de excelência, individualizada para cada paciente, elencados ao uso de referencial teórico-cientifico, foi possivel identificar as necessidades e promover um melhor cuidado ao paciente. Destaca-se que essa ferramente precisa ser aprofundada na formação do profissional enfermeiro.
ELETROCARDIOGRAMA: COMPREENDENDO OS PRINCÍPIOS BÁSICOS POR MEIO DE UM LIVRO DIGITAL
Authors: Silva Fábio Aparecido da , Hassunuma Renato Massaharu
Published: February 2022

Introdução: O eletrocardiograma é um exame simples, seguro, rápido, indolor e não invasivo, que desempenha um papel central no diagnóstico de alterações elétricas cardíacas. Entretanto, várias dificuldades na interpretação deste exame podem ser decorrentes do uso incorreto do eletrocardiógrafo. Objetivos: Assim, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi desenvolver um livro digital com os princípios básicos do eletrocardiograma, na forma de um guia rápido que possa ser utilizado por alunos, professores e profissionais da área da saúde. Material e métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o eletrocardiograma, incluindo pesquisa em sites, livros físicos e digitais, artigos, manuais, guias e demais tipos de publicações. A partir do material selecionado, foi desenvolvido um livro digital no programa computacional Microsoft PowerPoint. Resultados: Os resultados desta pesquisa foram publicados no livro digital intitulado “Princípios Básicos do Eletrocardiograma”, disponível para download gratuito no site da Canal 6 Livraria. Neste livro digital são apresentados: a história do eletrocardiograma, o papel de eletrocardiograma, o eletrocardiógrafo, o eletrocardiograma tradicional de 12 derivações, as derivações bipolares, unipolares e precordiais e a interpretação de um eletrocardiograma normal. Conclusão: O fato do livro digital poder ser obtido gratuitamente e estar disponibilizado na internet, permite que o mesmo seja acessível para um público variado, desde professores e alunos até profissionais da área da saúde, que podem utilizar este material como ferramenta pedagógica no processo de ensino-aprendizagem ou como material para atualização de seus conhecimentos. A capacitação profissional para o uso correto do eletrocardiógrafo é um elemento essencial para realização e interpretação correta de um eletrocardiograma.
« Zaïrois, qui est ton père ? »
Authors: Henriet Benoît
Published: February 2022

Cet article étudie le rôle du syndicat unique UNTZa (Union nationale des travailleurs du Zaïre) comme intermédiaire entre les travailleurs du secteur minier, le parti unique MPR (Mouvement populaire de la révolution) et l’entreprise monopolistique Gécamines dans les années 1970. Si « l’État intégral » zaïrois ambitionne d’étouffer toute contestation, le rôle crucial de l’industrie minière pour l’économie nationale permet à ses travailleurs d’être partiellement écoutés. Cette recherche, basée sur des archives « informelles » de la Gécamines et des entretiens avec d’anciens syndicalistes, met en lumière les espaces de négociation au coeur du système répressif zaïrois. Des discussions portant sur l’africanisation des cadres, l’accès privilégié au salariat pour les enfants de travailleurs, la distribution de la ration alimentaire et l’extension de la couverture médicale mettent en lumière la façon dont la notion polysémique de « famille » est invoquée par les délégués syndicaux pour faire avancer leurs revendications.
Musik Kakula Yang Politis Melampaui Politik
Authors: Ali Arhamuddin
Published: February 2022

Abstrak

Essai ini merupakan respon atau pembacaan ulang terhadap buku “Musik Itu Politik,  Studi Hubungan Pengaruh Kebijakan Kebudayaan pada Perubahan Musik”. Data, analisis dan kesimpulan buku ini dibaca ulang dengan perspektif politik estetika Ranciere. Musik kakula yang dibahas dalam buku ini dijelaskan dari masa ke masa, yaitu dimulai dari masa pra Kolonial hingga konteks saat ini. Terlihat berbagai macam perubahan yang terjadi akibat pengaruh kebjakan politik setiap eranya. Sejak era pra kolonial hingga era orde baru, musik kakula dikuasai dengan kepentingan politik. Namun, berdasarkan pembacaan ulang yang dilakukan, justru musik kakula mampu bergerak keluar dari politik rezim penguasa dengan menempatkan diri setara dengan kelompok-kelompok dominan. Melalui kakula batas antara “kita vs mereka” ditiadakan, kemudian dimaksud sebagai yang politis.
Custom-Made Foot Orthotics for People With Lower Limb Conditions
Authors: Barbara Angela M. , Horton Jennifer
Published: February 2022

There were no statistically significant differences between custom-made foot orthotics and prefabricated foot orthotics for plantar heal pain in adults.

There is limited evidence for short-term pain relief and improved quality of life with custom-made orthotics compared to placebo or no intervention in adults with plantar fasciitis.

Custom-made foot orthotics are less cost-effective than other interventions (placebo, prefabricated orthotics, usual care) in the short and medium term.

Two evidence-based guidelines recommended the use of custom-made foot orthotics in patients with diabetes for prevention and treatment of foot ulceration.
Quantitative comparison of methods used to estimate methane emissions from small point sources
Authors: Riddick Stuart , Ancona Riley , Bell Clay , Duggan Aidan , Vaughn Tim , Bennett Kristine , Zimmerle Dan
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Recent interest in quantifying trace gas emissions from point sources, such as measuring methane (CH4) emissions from oil and gas wells, has resulted in several methods being used to estimate emissions from sources with emission rates below 200g CH4 hour−1. The choice of measurement approach depends on how close observers can get to the source, the instruments available and the meteorological/micrometeorological conditions. As such, static chambers, dynamic chambers, HiFlow measurements, Gaussian plume modelling and backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLs) models have all been used, but there is no clear understanding of the accuracy or precision of each method. To address this, we copy the experimental design for each of the measurement methods to make single field measurements of a known source, to simulate single measurement field protocol, and then make repeat measurements to generate an understanding of the accuracy and precision of each method. Here, for comparison, we present estimates for the percentage difference between the measured emission and the known emission, A, and the average percentage difference for three repeat measurements, Ar , for emissions of 200 g CH4 h−1. Our results show that, even though the dynamic chamber repeatedly underestimates the emission, it is the most accurate for a single measurement and the accuracy improves with subsequent measurements (A = −11 %, Ar = −10 %). The single HiFlow emission estimate was also an underestimate, however, poor instrument precision resulted in reduced accuracy of emission estimate to becomes less accurate after repeat measurements (A = −16 %, Ar = −18 %). Of the far field methods, the bLs method underestimated emissions both for single and repeat measurements (A = −11 %, Ar = −7 %) while the GP method significantly overestimated the emissions (A = 33 %, Ar = 29 %) despite using the same meteorological and concentration data as input. Additionally, our results show that the accuracy and precision of the emission estimate increases as the flow rate of the source is increased for all methods. To our knowledge this is the first time that methods for measuring CH4 emissions from point sources less than 200 g CH4 h−1 have been quantitively assessed against a known reference source and each other.
Experimental study of the tribological characteristics of a honed cylinder liner during the running-in process
Authors: Kang Jianxiong , Lu Yanjun , Zhao Bin , Jiang Cheng , Li Pengzhou , Luo Hongbo , Zhang Yongfang
Published: February 2022

Abstract. The tribological properties of the cylinder liner are of
great significance in reducing energy loss from an internal combustion
engine's system. In order to improve the antiwear performance of the
cylinder liner at top dead center (TDC), the friction and wear of the honed cylinder
liner during the running-in process are investigated. Using a UMT TriboLab
multifunction friction wear tester, the coefficients of friction (COFs) are
analyzed under different lubrication conditions and loads, and the surface
roughness and profile of the cylinder liner are obtained using a
three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The COF, roughness and
surface profile are compared in order to investigate the variation in tribology
parameters under different operating conditions. To monitor the COF in real
time, it is predicted using the polynomial fitting method. It is shown
that the COF decreases with an increase in the lubrication oil and load and that
the surface profile more easily becomes smooth under dry (lubrication)
conditions; this can effectively shorten the operation time during the
running-in process. The polynomial fitting method can achieve an assessment of
the COF with a very small standard error.
Synthetic Governance
Authors: Byung Hyun Ahn  , Jill E. Fisch  , Panos N. Patatoukas  , Steven Davidoff Solomon
Published: February 2022

Although securities regulation is distinct from corporate governance, the two fields have considerable substantive overlap. By increasing the transparency and efficiency of the capital markets, securities regulation can also enhance the capacity of those markets to discipline governance decisions. The importance of market discipline is heightened by the increasingly vocal debate over what constitutes “good” corporate governance.

Securities product innovation offers new tools to address this debate. The rise of index-based investing provides a market-based mechanism for selecting among governance options and evaluating their effects. Through the creation of bespoke governance index funds, asset managers can create indexes that correspond to investors’ governance preferences. We argue that this “synthetic governance” offers a way to gather evidence on the economic impact of corporate governance by providing a market-based tool for evaluating the relationship between corporate governance and stock returns.

We illustrate the potential of synthetic governance by creating a new governance-based index, the Dual Index, which selects portfolio companies on the basis of a dual class voting structure and comparing its performance to various benchmarks. We further modify the Dual Index by implementing synthetic sunsets to highlight the value creation of dual class companies in their early years and provide evidence on the appropriate length of a time-based sunset provision. Finally, we expand our analysis of synthetic governance with a second index—the Split Index—which tests the effect of separating the positions of CEO and chairman of the board. We conclude that synthetic governance demonstrates the ability of securities market innovation to discipline corporate governance.
FAQS Re: FFPS
Authors: William B. Chandler III  , Joseph A. Grundfest  , Virginia F. Milstead  , Peter B. Morrison
Published: February 2022

Federal Forum Provisions (FFPs) direct all Securities Act litigation filed in state court to federal court. Delaware’s Supreme Court has ruled that FFPs are facially valid. To date, each state court that has addressed the merits of the question has enforced the FFP before it as lawful and reasonable.

Questions regarding FFP mechanics nonetheless abound, and this Article addresses the most common FAQs about FFPs. In particular, corporations should consider adopting an FFP now. Waiting has no benefit. Publicly traded corporations can most conveniently adopt an FFP in the form of a bylaw. Privately held entities face potential Securities Act liability in connection with registration violations and section 12(a)(2) liability and can adopt FFPs either as charter or bylaw provisions. We view the charter-bylaw distinction as a matter of close-to-indifference. It is also reasonable for corporations chartered outside of Delaware to adopt FFP provisions, inasmuch as most state courts draw substantial guidance from Delaware precedent.

A California trial court recently held that claims against underwriters were not covered by the FFP at issue in that matter. We disagree and welcome California Court of Appeals review of that issue. Other California trial courts have disagreed, as well, finding that substantially identical FFPs do apply to underwriters. However, an essentially costless revision of the form of FFP considered by the California trial courts would eliminate any risk, and we provide two alternative forms of FFP that achieve that result. Corporations with FFPs already in their charters can adopt an additional bylaw to address this risk, or they can amend their charters.

Some FFPs designate a specific federal district court, typically the district in which the corporate headquarters is located, as the venue in which litigation is to proceed. Arguably, federal law governing venue will likely cause the case to proceed in the headquarters district in any event, so companies considering specifying a certain federal district court in the FFP should weigh the risks and rewards of such a provision. For certain foreign issuers, designating a specific federal district court, such as the Southern District of New York, as the venue for all Securities Act claims can be sensible.

Large Securities Act liabilities often also arise in the context of registered debt offerings. Companies should therefore consider including FFPs in the indentures in debt offerings as well.

Jury trial waivers are common in depositary agreements and indentures. To avoid enforceability challenges based on these waivers, particularly in California, these agreements and indentures should either include a severability provision, or the corporation should be prepared, if necessary, to stipulate not to enforce the jury waiver in federal court when moving to enforce an FFP in California or in other states hostile to such waivers.
The Future of Securities Law in the Supreme Court
Authors: A.C. Pritchard  , Robert B. Thompson
Published: February 2022

Since the enactment of the first federal securities statute in 1933, securities law has illustrated key shifts in the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence. During the New Deal, the Court’s securities law decisions shifted almost overnight from open hostility toward the newly-expanded administrative state to broad deference to agency expertise. In the 1940s, securities cases helped build the legal foundation for a broadly enabling administrative law. The 1960s saw the Warren Court creating new implied rights of action in securities law illustrative of the Court’s approach to statutes generally. The stage seemed set for the rise of “federal corporate law.” The Court swiftly reversed itself, however, with Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. leading the effort to confine the reach of the securities laws. Powell succeeded in imposing a strict constructionism in securities law that never quite took hold in criminal or constitutional law. When there was a significant shift for the Court, securities law was prominent—at least until Powell’s retirement. Since then, the Court has meandered in its approach to securities law, its decisions neither expansive nor restrictive. The Court’s docket in this space has become a random walk of indifference.

What is the future of securities law in the Supreme Court? We doubt that securities law’s bellwether status during its early days is likely to recur. The Securities and Exchange Commission, a groundbreaking agency of the 1930s, now seems like a small cog in a much larger administrative machine. Without prompting from the SEC, it is quite possible that the Court will continue to meander in the field of securities law. The Court— which Franklin Delano Roosevelt populated with appointees having front-line experience writing the securities statutes, running the SEC, or defending the constitutionality of the securities laws—has not had a member with any direct experience with securities law for more than thirty years.

If the Court’s spotlight were to shine again on securities, we suggest it might well be a Chevron question of the SEC’s authority. Proponents of corporate social responsibility could push the boundaries of the securities laws beyond the SEC’s historical focus on disclosure. Such a move could also be met by a federalism challenge to securities law preempting the field of state corporate law. These possibilities might once again put securities law at the center of the Court’s work to develop the law of the administrative state.
Anxieties and Fears: A Sociological Study of Mental Health of Students in Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bhargava Rashi , Borgohain Nayana , Naidu I. L. Prathyusha , Bhatnagar Samiksha , Lakra Shipra , Shukla Vani
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 and the implications of pandemic induced changes on the mental health of students. The study was conducted amongst currently enrolled college (undergraduate) and 12th-grade students in Delhi-NCR. Apart from this, parents and professionals were also consulted. This paper approaches the issue of mental health from a sociological perspective to create a comprehensive understanding of the factors which create anxieties and fears amongst students in times of COVID-19 induced pandemic. The study began with the assumption that mental health is not only a biological and psychological issue but needs to be contextualized in societal structures and societyindividual relationship. Students as a social group are primarily affected by institutions of education and family, the study thus explores how the three are intertwined. The paper ends with the contention that social integration and regulation are primary concepts through which individual resilience can be studied, understood and theorised. It also highlights that despite the commonsensical belief that the current times are different from the societal normal, a study like this offers a window to understand the structural continuities of the pre-pandemic period into the pandemic period.
And We Came Outside and Saw the Stars Again: Narratives of Courage and Resilience'
Authors: Mittal Rose
Published: February 2022

Civilization began around fire. The world’s governments should know that it served three essential purposes: warming hands, cooking, and telling stories. (‘The Parable of Bread’, And We Came Outside and Saw the Stars Again)
Manipulating mate-choice for a quantitative augmentation of a biological control agent, Coccinella transversalis Fabricius
Authors: Jahan Mumtaj , Pervez Ahmad
Published: February 2022

For food security and sustainable crop protection, it is a necessity to optimize the massrearing and augmentation of biocontrol agents of numerous aphid pests. Coccinellids, commonly known as ladybird beetles, are potential predators on several sucking pests and promising biocontrol agents. In the present investigation, laboratory experiments were performed to find out whether manipulation of mate choice in aphidophagous ladybird Coccinella transversalis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under varying mating status could influence reproductive output in terms of high fecundity. It was found that the mating status under the mate choice highly affects mating duration and fecundity. The mating commenced earlier under the presence of different males than the females in an arena. The mating lasted for a longer duration between virgin females and multi-mated males than vice-versa. The bouts in copula increased with an increase in the mating status in both sexes. Females of multi-mated status were more fecund than the unmated females. Thus, the present study will be useful for the manipulation of quantitative mass-rearing of C. transversalis for the biocontrol of aphids and thereby enhancing crop productivity and sustainable crop protection.
Farmers’ Lives in the Wake of Sustainable Development
Authors: Arora Priti Mendiratta , Grover Aruna , Gulia Vanshika , Mahato Laxmi Kumari , Pooja Ms. , Choudhary Ritika
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research is to study the socio-economic challenges faced by farmers in the wake of sustainable agriculture in India. This paper identifies issues related to sustainable agriculture that contribute significantly to the lives of rural populations and examines the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in addressing them. The study also seeks to focus on the replicability of sustainable agricultural practices. The analysis is conducted through online surveys and telephonic interviews with farmers and members of NGOs working in the area of sustainable agriculture. It has been found that the practice of sustainable agriculture is growing. However, despite this positive assessment, sustainable agricultural practices have encountered numerous challenges like the inappropriate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, hesitation to opt for new practices, shortage of resources, gender discrimination, landholding being too small to make sustainable farming practices economically viable, and many more. The involvement of NGOs and other self-help groups in the lives of farmers, in order to pursue sustainable agriculture, has made a positive impact. Although developments are taking place, the rate is quite low. Therefore, we may conclude that change for the better is coming albeit gradually and more active steps towards the process need to be taken.
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Authors: Բարսեղյան Մ.Հ. , Դավեյան Ս.Հ. , Էլոյան Ա.Շ. , Բաղդասարյան Ս.Կ.
Published: February 2022

Մելիորատիվ վիճակի գնահատման նպատակով հետազոտություններն իրականացվել են Արարատի մարզի Նորամարգ համայնքում գտնվող 50 հա անմշակ հողատարածքում: Գնահատվել են տարվա ընթացքում գրունտային ջրերի մակարդակի տատանումները, հողի ֆիզիկաքիմիական հատկությունները, որոշվել են ջրալույծ աղերի քանակը, միկրոտարրերիշարժուն ձևերը և այլն:
Ըստ հետազոտությունների արդյունքների՝ մատչելի սննդա- և միկրոտարրերով հարուստ, ինչպես նաև գրունտային ջրերով ապահովված հողատարածքները կարելի է օգտագործել այգեգործական նպատակներով:
Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy women monitoring at 108 Military Central Hospital: Prevalence, risk factors and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Cuc Le Thi , Hieu Ho Trung , Ha Nguyen Thu , Hang Le Minh , Nga Tran Thi , Trinh Nguyen Ba
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess the prevalence, risk factors, and pregnancy outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Subject and method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The cohort included 430 pregnant women who visited 108 Military Central Hospital between May 2020 and August 2020. A 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted for each participant at 24 - 28 gestational weeks. Result: The mean age of participants was 28.5 ± 4.2 years; (range 19 - 44 years). The incidence of gestational diabetes in our study was 29.5% based on 2019 ADA criteria. Women diagnosed with GDM tended to be older and have greater body mass index (BMI) with p<0.001.  We also found that some risk factors such as gravidity, previous preterm birth were associated with GDM, p=0.002 and 0.031, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in our study is quite high compared to other studies. Advanced maternal age and higher BMI were associated with increased prevalence of GDM. Thus, early prevention and management of GDM is vital to minimize the risks to both the mother and fetus.
Successful treatment of acute empyema caused by Aeromonas sobria in an advanced liver cirrhosis patient: A case report
Authors: Son Trinh Van , Duong Vuong Phuc , Tuyen Quyen Dang , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Hoan Nghiem Xuan
Published: February 2022

Bacterial empyema is a rare complication of liver cirrhosis (LC) patients. The treatment of patients was challenge and associated with poor outcome. Case report: In this article, we reported for the first time a 55-year-old patient with decompensated LC due to alcohol abuse who was diagnosed with acute empyema. Bacterial culture of pleural fluid indicated Aeromonas sobria (A. sobria) as a causative pathogen. The patient also performed severe coagulation disorder with INR 2.56; platelet counts 24G/L. The patient was successfully managed by board-spectrum antibiotics and drainage of the pleural with pigtail catheter. He was followed for a year without relapsing. Conclusion: We reported the first case of severely acute empyema caused by A. sobria in a patient with decompensated LC and successful treatment with appropriate antibiotics in combination with pigtail drainage in our clinical setting.
Shapes of semitendinosis and gracilius tendon auto graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Dung Nguyen Quoc , Cuong Nguyen Quy
Published: February 2022

Hamstring graft was commonly used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, shapes of graft may affect the result of the surgery. Objective: To study the shapes of Hamstring graft in ACL reconstruction. Subject and method: 77 patients, aged from 20 to 46 (mean 31.12 years old) underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using semi-tendinosis and gracilius tendon graft from Oct. 2019 to Aug. 2020. After the removal of all muscles, we used ruler to measure the length and diameter of the remaining tendons. Result: The folded in half semi-tendinosis grafts were 13.58cm (11 - 16cm) in length and 5.89mm (5.0 – 6.5mm) in diameter. The folded in half gracilius tendon grafts were 11.96cm (10.5 - 14cm) in length and 4.33mm (3.5 - 5.5mm) in diameter. Hamstring grafts were 11.14cm (10 - 13cm) in length and 7.14mm (6 - 8mm) in diameter. Conclusion: Hamstring allo graft had the suitable dimension for ACL reconstruction
Effective evaluation of two mechanical devices for cervical ripening: Modified double balloon foley catheter versus single balloon foley catheter
Authors: Thai Nguyen Van , Dung Trinh Hung
Published: February 2022

Objective: To compare the effective of the modified double balloon Foley catheter (MDB) versus the single balloon foley catheter (SB) on labor induction. Subject and method: This prospective blind trial randomized 80 pregnant women were randomized to MDB group and 80 pregnant women to SB group. Primary outcomes were the rate of cervical ripening success, Bishop score increment, catheter withdrawal time, and cesarean section rate. Result: Cervical ripening success of MDB was 82.5% versus 67.5% of SB with p<0.01. Average Bishop score increment of MDB was 5.63 hour versus 5.02 hour of SB with p=0.033. Cesarean section rate was higher in SB group than MDB group (32.5% and 20.0%, respectively, p=0.048). Conclusion: Using the modified double balloon foley catheter to induce labor is a feasible and effective procedure.
Prevalence of Disrespect and Abuse and its Determinants during Antenatal Care Services in Rural Uttar Pradesh India
Authors: Yadav Akhilesh , Singh T.B. , Sachan Shikha
Published: February 2022

Background: Respectful maternity care is essential to increase safe motherhood, linked with increased maternal health services utilization, such as ANC (Antenatal Care). However, disrespect and abuse during maternal health care service utilisation remain a potential barrier to improve service utilisation and the quality of services.
Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of disrespect and abuse (D&VA) during the utilisation of ANC services and identifies the associated factors.
Methodology: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted in the Balarampur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study included 364 women who underwent facility-based childbirth before six months of the survey. A multistage cluster sampling was used to select the potential participants of the study.
Results: the findings of the study show that nearly 60% of women experienced disrespect and abuse during ANC services utilisation. About 18% of women reported that the health providers were rude to them. Also, 1.5% of women reported that health providers used abusive language during the ANC services utilisation. Women aged 25-34 years and 35 and above years were 54 % and 69 % less likely to experience disrespect and abuse respectively than women aged 15-24 Years. Low odds of disrespect and abuse was observed with other backward, and General caste than the women belong to Scheduled tribe/caste. Women who experience disrespect and abuse during ANC services were less likely to receive all four types of ANC services.
Conclusions: Every woman has the right to receive kind and respectful maternity care, and mistreatment during maternal care services remains hindrances to achieving safe motherhood and child care.

Key words: Disrespect and Abuse, Maternity Care, Antenatal Care Services, India.
Myopia: A School Eye Survey in Rural and Urban Area of Faridabad, Haryana
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Kumar Raj , Babu Logesh
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Myopia is the most common visual disorder in school children. This study aims to assess the magnitude of myopia among school children in Faridabad, Haryana, north India.
Methods: In this Cross-sectional study 2370 students were randomly selected. Myopia was defined as the spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error ≥-0.50DS. Vision check up with Snellen's chart and refractive errors were measured by Retinoscopy and auto refractometer.
Results: Myopia prevalence was found to be 12.36% (n=293). The prevalence of myopia was found to be higher among older children 11-14 years (21.30%). 1294 children of urban and 1076 children of the rural areas were examined. 56.45% of the study population were boys and 43.54% were girls. The prevalence of myopia was more in boys (14.27%) in comparison with girls (9.88%). The prevalence of myopia was more in urban area 251(19.39%) in comparison with rural area 42(3.90%).
Conclusion: Myopia is a major public health concern and its prevalence is increasing rapidly among school-going children in urban areas. Spectacle is very good option to treat this type of Refractive error.

Key words: Refractive Error; Rural and Urban; School; vision; students; myopia.
Prevalence of Breathing Dysfunction in Musculoskeletal Complaints: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Deshmukh Mayura P. , Palekar Tushar J. , Manvikar Nidhi
Published: February 2022

Breathing is the most vital and important function of our body which helps in the maintenance of homeostasis of our body. Breathing being the multifactorial function dependant on Biochemical, Biomechanical, Psychosocial and Neuromusculoskeletal components. The vector of all components results breathing as the complex yet crucial function of our body. This breathing can be affected in any of the conditions affecting any of the above mentioned components. One of the reason being the imbalance between parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) component of Autonomous Nervous System(ANS). Imbalance between PNS and SNS can result in the “Flight and Fight mode” which keeps the Pain factor on resulting in faulty breathing leading to Breathing Dysfunction. In the present observational cross sectional study, 200 individuals with various musculoskeletal complaints were identified and given, “Self assessment of breathing questionnaire” and “Nijmegen Questionnaire” as these questionnaires covers Biomechanical and Psychosocial aspects of breathing respectively. Scoring for both the questionnaires were done for each individual and data was recorded and analysed using pie chart. we concluded that breathing dysfunction is present in various musculoskeletal complaints predominantly in back pain, followed by neck pain, shoulder pain, and knee pain. Most affected gender is female affecting the Biomechanical as well as psychosocial component. We recommend further research for detailed assessment of breathing in various musculoskeletal conditions.

Key words: Breathing Dysfunction, Musculoskeletal complaints, SEBQ, Nijmegen, Autonomous Nervous system.
Level of Depression in Chronic Kidney Disease Patient Undergoing Hemodialysis at Kathmandu District
Authors: P Sharma , R Khatiwada
Published: February 2022

Background: Depression is a condition of low mood. It causes lack of interest and pleasure in daily activities that could lead to feeling of worthlessness, hopelessness, and helplessness. It is a common mental illness among patient with chronic physical health problems. The objective of this study was to measure the level of depression among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient who are undergoing hemodialysis at Kathmandu district.
Methods: We used descriptive cross-sectional study. In total, 17 hemodialysis centers exist in Kathmandu. For the study, we purposively selected National Kidney Center (NKC), Vanasthali. We used systematic random sampling to select 186 samples out of 430 hemodialysis patient attending the National Kidney Center. Semi structured questionnaire along with Nepali version Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. We obtained ethical approval from Nepal Health Research Council (Ref. 543). Data were analyzed using data base created in the SPSS.
Results: Out of 186 participants, 45.6% had severe depression followed by mild depression (nearly 19.9%), and moderate depression (approximately 19.4%). The least numbers of participants (15.1%) had minimal depression. Age of the participants was significantly associated with the level of depression (P-0.04) with moderate relationship (Cramer’s V- 0.186). Most of the participants (70%) were male. The highest numbers of participants were from disadvantaged janajati. The majority (80.6%) of the participants had below SLC level educational qualification.
Conclusion: Nearly half of the participants having hemodialysis due to CKD were suffered from severe depression. The age of the participants had moderate association with the level of depression.

Key words: Depression, Kathmandu, Hemodialysis, Chronic Kidney Disease
Assessment of the Effect of Applying WHO-UNICEF Guidelines for Control of Anemia during Pregnancy at Hodeida City (Yemen) During the Year 2021
Authors: Gonaid Nabil M. H. , El-Sanousi Salwa , Kadi Hussien
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Iron deficiency anemia, is common in pregnant women. The global prevalence of anemia in pregnancy (AIP) is estimated as 41.8% and in more than 80% of countries in the world, the prevalence of AIP estimated at 29%. AIP is associated with increased maternal, neonatal and perinatal mortality, low birth weight, premature birth, and delayed child development. This study aimed to assess the effect of applying WHO-UNICEF guidelines for AIP control at Hodeida city, Yemen.
Methods: Facility based interventional prospective study had conducted in 17 health centers of Hodeida city which had randomly distributed to 8 experimental and 9 control health centers, selecting 250 pregnant women from experimental health centers and equal number from control ones. Experimental health centers had intervened through training on, and managing pregnant women for anemia according WHO-UNICEF guidelines while pregnant women at control health centers had managed according health centers own approaches. Pregnant women at both types’ health centers had followed 3 times till labor for Hb response, pregnancy and labor courses and complications. Data statistically analyzed using SPSS program (Version 22) including descriptive statistics, t test for examining the difference in means of Hb response, pregnancy and labor complications among the experimental and control groups
Results: The study revealed statistically significant 20% higher Hb improvement rate in experimental group compared with control group on applying WHO – UNICEF guidelines for AIP control at primary health centers(P = 0.00, t= 4.27). Also, statistically significant decrease of pregnancy complications (P = 0.02, t= -2.445) and labor complications (P = 0.001, t= -3.472) had been reached on applying the protocol.
Conclusion: Applying WHO – UNICEF guidelines for AIP control at primary health centers improved Hb response and decreased antenatal and natal complications.

Key words: Anemia, Pregnancy, Guidelines, Assessment.