bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation Model for Assessment of the Effect of Modernization of Transport Complex on Freight Delay in Multimodal Traffic
Authors: Tashlykova A I , Shirokova V V
Published: June 2019

The article is aimed at solving the issue of assessing the influence of various factors affecting the processing capacity of transport nodes. The leading approach to investigating this problem is to create a simulation model for software to assess the impact of changing infrastructure parameters. Article materials can be useful for all participants in the transportation process of any type of transport.
Eco-Geochemical Characteristics of Surface Waters in the Zone of Oil and Gas Deposits Development in the Western Yakutia
Authors: Sleptcova E V , Yakovleva V D , Zakharova M R
Published: June 2019

In Western Yakutia, the largest oil and gas fields are concentrated, on which several subsoil users currently work. Due to the intensive use of water by oil and gas companies for industrial purposes, the construction of transport infrastructure, a significant impact on the state of surface water is occur. An assessment of the ecogeochemical state of small rivers located on the territory of oil and gas industry impact in Mirny district was carried out. It is revealed that the construction of water intakes can lead to changes in the mineral composition of surface water. Road construction has a significant exposure on the ecological condition of rivers. The results indicated increased concentrations of heavy metals such as iron, zinc, copper, aluminium, manganese in the studied rivers.
Gradient Energetic Criterion of the Surface Water Layer
Authors: Gazhur A , Myasnikova E
Published: June 2019

The article is devoted to the methods of analysis of the surface water layer of oceanic, marine and inland water basins. Due to water pollution, the optical properties of the surface layer are changed. The temperature field in the surface layer is locally transformed. This has a serious impact on the maintenance of the current structure. Water quality is changing. The conditions of existence of flora and fauna are changing. The article analyzes the indicators that determine water pollution. Absence of common energetic characteristic of a condition of a surface water layer is specified. It is proposed to estimate the dynamic picture of the heat absorption process. To do this, a gradient energetic criterion is introduced. The numerator of this criterion shows the intensity of the absorbed solar energy flux by the surface layer with a thickness of 1 m. the Denominator is the magnitude of the maximum possible absorption of the radiation flux. This maximal radiation flux is taken to be the value of the solar constant. The absorption of flow is considered to be evenly. This means linear temperature distribution. The depth of absorption to be a certain predetermined depth at which almost the entire stream of solar radiation is absorbed. The gradient criterion for the contaminated surface layer is several times higher than its value for clean water. That is, the gradient criterion captures the rapid overheating of the surface layer of the polluted water basin. This process, in particular, leads to the displacement of water currents. This is due to the fact that the bulk of the moving layer is at the surface. Also gradient criterion shows the danger of this local overheating for living organisms.
The Control Waste of Communal Services
Authors: Rusanova E , Abu-Khasan M , Sakharova A
Published: June 2019

The article deals with municipal waste-sewage sludge. This is the technology of the full cycle of sewage sludge utilization with the production of useful products is proposed. The technology includes the use of ash from the incineration of sewage sludge in the production of building cellular materials in the form of ash-concrete blocks and the use of blocks for construction.
Analysis of the Composition and Properties of Municipal Solid Waste and Their Use as Carbonaceous Feedstock in Underground Coal Gasification Process
Authors: Grebeniuk I V , Belov A V , Danilov O S
Published: June 2019

The development of new technological solutions in municipal solid waste management will reduce the adverse impact on the environment and human health. There are different methods of thermal disposal of municipal solid waste, such as incineration, pyrolysis,and gasification. The most effective and environmental method of thermal disposal is the gasification of solid wastes. This paper discusses the possibility of municipal solid waste gasification in underground coal gasification process and the prospects of gasification method following on from the analysis of the composition and properties of municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste is a valuable carbonaceous feedstock that can be used in an underground coal gasification process to increase the life cycle of the underground gasifier, to produce additional volumes of synthesis gas, to stow the ash of municipal solid waste in mined-out space of underground gasifier. Operations of municipal solid waste preparation need to improve the efficiency of the gasification process. A considerable volume of municipal solid waste is an alternative carbonaceous resource, which can provide the needs of power and chemical industry for synthesis gas.
Comparative Analysis of PCDD/Fs Formation during Pyrolysis and Incineration of Medical Waste
Authors: Gerasimov G Ya
Published: June 2019

Medical waste is a special kind of hazardous materials, which disposal leads to considerable pollution of the environment. The widespread method of medical waste disposal is thermal treatment (pyrolysis or incineration), which gives appropriate transformation of waste into a safe form (ash) and energy. On the other hand, the thermal treatment of medical waste that contain chlorine leads to the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), most toxic representatives of organic pollutants. This paper analyses various mechanisms of the PCDD/Fs formation during thermal treatment of chlorine-containing medical waste. The features of these mechanisms are considered. It is shown that in pyrolytic conditions the PCDD/Fs yield is much lower than under direct incineration. Optimal temperature conditions are determined, under which the formation of these compounds is minimal.
Application Prospepects of a Mineral Sorbents in Yakutia
Authors: Erofeevskya L A , Aleksandrov A R
Published: June 2019

The subject covered in the paper is practical application of ecologically and economically proved methods to restore the disturbed soil ecosystems in Yakutia after emergency oil spills. Experimental studies have been performed on the development of a new petroleum biosorbent based on a mineral composition. The natural zeolite from the Khonguruu deposit (Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia) is used as a base for obtaining the new petroleum biosorbent. A brief description of the material composition and physico-chemical characteristics of various types of zeolite raw material is given.We present the results of the experimental application of hydrocarbon oxidizing microorganisms (HOM) immobilized on zeolite (clinoptilolite-geylandite series) from the Khonguruu deposit in oil-contaminated soils. It has been established that the obtained biomineral compositions provide a significant activation of the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (HC) in the soil. The most intensive processes occur at the first stage of the treatment activities (up to 90 days from the experiment’s start). The effect of the zeolite with fraction size less than 0.25 mm on the intensity of the destruction of oil is somewhat higher, compared with fraction size 0.5-3.0 mm. During one growing season, the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soils treated with HOM was 36-54%; in soils treated with HOM immobilized on zeolite - 71-99%; in control variants not treated with biological preparations, the degradation coefficient of oil contamination is not significant. In general, the technology of using zeolite raw materials for cleaning up oil spills from different types of permafrost soils provides a significant ecological and economic effect, thus contributing to the reduction of the time for rehabilitation of disturbed lands and the improvement of the environment in the disturbed territory.
Research of Levels of Noise Generated by Road Traffic in Urban Areas
Authors: Litvinova N A
Published: June 2019

This article presents a correlation graph of noise levels vs traffic intensity and vs height of buildings, as well as vs distances from motorways based on results of carried out research; simulation models of exposure to noise levels in areas with high traffic intensity (more than 3,000 vehicles/hour) have been generated using the “ACOUSTIC” software package. Based on the obtained empirical correlation graphs recommendations have been developed aimed at reducing noise levels created by transport. A nomogram was generated to determine the noise levels generated by high traffic intensity motorways in both front-facing and ribbon types of residential blocks arrangement. The recommendations provide means for designing noise baffles to be placed near the medium to high traffic intensity motorways taking into account noise levels with respect to building heights in urban areas, as well as respecting the residential blocks arrangement and the overall heights of buildings.
Innovative Technologies for Protective Structures Upon Creating Environmentally Safe Urban Systems
Authors: Klimenko M Y , Kasharina T P , Sidenko E S
Published: June 2019

The article deals with the issues of sustainable development, which should meet the needs of the present and future generation – the environmental safety of urban systems including socio-economic and intellectual impact on human processes occurring in the environment, preservation and improvement of the quality of life. Rational use of natural resources is the main task of the modern social state. Ideal zoning of territories in and around the city should primarily be carried out in such a way that gradually, as the distance from the city increases, so the environment becomes cleaner and gradually nature would become absolutely virgin. For this purpose the spatial structure of ecological skeleton of settlement is offered. One of the directions of ensuring ecological safety of construction and municipal economy is ecorestoration of landscapes, which includes restoration of properties: of soil, water, atmosphere, relief and lithosphere; flora and fauna. It may encompass returning the contaminated landscape or its separate components to a state close to the natural one. The main problems of ecology of urban systems are revealed. The generalizing coefficient of influence of city (technical) systems on environment is offered including an assessment of morphological, technical, hydrotechnical, hydrobiological and biological changes of flora and fauna, water quality in adjacent water objects (water intakes); ecotoxicological and social changes; sanitary and hygienic diseases; effects of space-related changes and emergencies.
Screening Optimal Thickness of an Underground Pipeline’s Thermal Insulation with the Aim of Minimizing Thawing Halo in the Ground in Conditions of Central Yakutia
Authors: Ivanov V A , Rozhin I I
Published: June 2019

The paper describes a study of thermal interaction between underground gas pipeline and surrounding permafrost and seasonally thawing soil. A forecast of the soil’s thermal mode depending on thermal insulation on the pipeline is made by means of numerical simulation with finite elements method. The analysis accounts for air temperature, thermal radiation balance of the ground surface, wind speed and snow thickness.
Development of a Non-Reagent Method For Extraction of Iodine from Reservoir Waters of Oil and Gas Deposits
Authors: Shapovalova E A , Ganyaev V P , Pimneva L.A.
Published: June 2019

Currently, two methods of extracting iodine are mainly used: air-desorption and ionexchange. Common to these methods is the use of chemical reagents such as sulfuric acid and chlorine in the stages of acidification and oxidation, which are the main sources of costs in the production of iodine and environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of technology for the processing of reservoir waters in oil production with the goal of isolating such elements as iodine for further use is an urgent task of rational nature management. A new method for extraction of iodine from the geothermal reservoir water and oil and gas fields in Western Siberia, which eliminates the use of chemicals in the technological scheme, which reduces the environmental burden on the environment. This technology was tested in a pilot plant and can be used in the preparation of iodine-bromine water Cherkashinskoye field Tyumen Oblast of the Russian Federation.
Influence of Output Parameters of a High Voltage on the Technological Characteristics of Electron-Ion Devices Technologies
Authors: Vozmilov A G , Melnikov A V , Astafev D V
Published: June 2019

The article considers parameters of the influence of a high voltage source (HVS), as a form of the output voltage curve and its influence on the technological parameters of the electron-ion technology (EIT) devices for various purposes, the HVS schematic solutions and their classification. A equivalent circuit a single-zone electrostatic precipitator is developed, differing from the existing ones in that the differential capacitance is moved beyond the key VD, because the volume charge can be neglected until the moment of ignition of the corona discharge when considering the corona-discharge system, i.e. for simplicity, the condition is assumed that volumetric charges are created only by corona discharge. Based on this scheme, an equivalent electrical equivalent circuit for a two-zone electrostatic precipitator was constructed. The analytical expression for calculating the electrical constructive capacity of the most commonly used in the electrostatic precipitator corona-discharge system “a number of wires - a plane,” taking into account the additional electric capacity. The article presents the results of the investigation of the effect of the frequency of the output voltage of the HVS and the additional capacitance of the capacitor bank on the volt-ampere characteristic of the corona-discharge system of the electrostatic precipitator-ozonizer. The analytical expression is shown in general form, describing the volt-ampere characteristic of the electrostatic precipitator, taking into account the shape of the HVS output voltage curve. An analytical expression for determining the ozone concentration at the output of the EIT devices in the general case is also shown.
Health and Quality Risk Assessment of Bottled Water
Authors: Birzul A N , Pitilyak D A , Videnin I I
Published: June 2019

The risk and quality assessment paper is dedicated to estimation of impact (for human health) of bottled drinking-water package (especially PET one). The investigation is concentrated on using one integral method for different risk types (factors connected with potential carcinogenicity: concentrations of antimony, formaldehyde, diethylhexylphthalate; and organoleptic factors: turbidity, colour, and pH). We imply the nature of organoleptic (quality assessment) factors close to risk ones because their indirect influence on polluting power of chemicals can be amplifying. The acceptable risk levels for these types are fixed as 10-1 and 10-5 respectively. The research is based on Russian and International (principally, American) scientific researches and standards. The calculation of risk metric is proposed to be estimated in dimensionless number (hazard quotient – HQ). HQ can be transformed in probabilistic numbers in conversion to events per million (Risk Index – RI and risk of olfactory-reflectory impact factors, Integral Index of Water Risk). In the article we used the idea of “chronic daily intake” (CDI) as an acceptable risk-free measure of factors of potential carcinogenicity, which is an adequate evaluation of permissible concentration. 5 brands of Russian bottled water were analyzed, it turned out that one of them had an exceeded acceptable level of risk.
Refinement of Gas Condensate Straight-Run Gasoline on MFI-Type Zeolites Modified with Binary Compounds
Authors: Khomyakov I S , Gerasina T A
Published: June 2019

The work to the study catalytic properties of high-silica MFI-type zeolite (silicate module 50) modified by Sn2O3 + V2O5 and Sn2O3 + Bi2O3 binary system is devoted. In present article influence of the promoting additives concentration on the catalytic properties of high-silica MFI-type zeolite in the process of gas condensate straight-run gasoline conversion into motor fuels high-octane components are investigated. It is shown that the introduction of binary system modifying additives makes it possible to increase in octane number of liquid catalyzate on 2-3 points according to the research method, as well as the yield of the liquid catalyzate weight on 6-8 % mass.
Production Wastes of Heavy Concrete: Technological Solution of Recycling Problem
Authors: Kartushina Y N , Sevriukova G A , Parinov S V
Published: June 2019

The research in the field of waste treatment technologies especially heavy concrete. A valuable component of especially heavy concrete waste is iron ore of granules. The article suggests the extraction of material using the technology of dry magnetic enrichment of the ore. Research conducted aimed at finding the optimal method of processing and recycling of heavyweight concrete wastes. The resulting secondary material was studied. The preservation of relatively high strength and guarantee characteristics is revealed, which allows reusing it in the production of heavy concrete without loss of quality, as an additive to the initial mixture. To implement the project on an industrial scale, calculations to select devices and constitute a process flow scheme. The issue of recycling of accumulated and newly formed wastes of production of especially heavy concrete is being solved, as well as reduction of payments for placing them in landfills.
Innovative Turbine Expanders with Asynchronous Generators for the Use of Throttled Gas Energy
Authors: Oskin S V , Bogatyrev N I , Barakin N S
Published: June 2019

The spending energy for gas transportation reaches 10% of the produced gas. After the reaching of the consumer, this pressure must be reduced to a certain. The created energy of the gas in gas pipelines in compressor shop can be extracted in the mechanical energy form and delivered to the turbo-expander shaft. Using of new turbo expanders with asynchronous generators for the use of throttle gas energy will save energy costs for gas transportation in main gas pipelines. For reliable operation of the asynchronous generator systems and devices are needed to stabilize the voltage. The principle of the new device for adjusting and stabilizing the voltage of an autonomous asynchronous generator is based on the selective inclusion of capacitors with three-phase electronic keys as a function of the feedback signal from the output voltage.
The Role of Nonlocal Processes in Upper Layer Heat Budget in the North Atlantic
Authors: Polonsky A B , Sukhonos P A
Published: June 2019

The physical processes that determine spatio-temporal variability of the upper mixed layer (UML) temperature in the North Atlantic have been investigated. The study of physical processes is based on the closed UML heat budget. The components for the mixed layer temperature balance are computed using the monthly data from ORA-S3 ocean reanalysis over the period 1959 — 2011. This paper deals with the relative contribution of heat budget terms into generating the both intra-annual and interannual-to-decadal variations of the UML temperature. The result of the study shows that the local heat flux on the ocean surface plays a major role in the intra-annual cycle of the UML temperature, while the nonlocal processes, such as advection and diffusion of heat, affect the interannual-decadal variability of the UML temperature. The obtained results are vital for studying the physics of ocean-atmosphere interactions.
Vulnerability of a Behavioral Pattern of Miners in the Implementation of Strategies for Behavior in an Extreme Situation
Authors: Gryzunov V V , Mitreykin V F , Peresypkina P A
Published: June 2019

The modernization of mining lowered the number of air-dust-methane mixture explosions, but specific value of fatal traumatism has increased threefold. Most of the miners’ die from toxic gases poisoning in accidents, which means insufficient efficiency of personal protective equipment use. The cause of miners’ death was inability to behave in 52% of cases. Excessive stress in miners’ professional activity contributes the decline of self-control, forming disadaptive forms of behavior with characteristics of deviancy. Modelling escape to the surface using mine self-rescuers with chemically complexed oxygen among 84 individuals have had experienced protective equipment for respiratory tract has demonstrated that only 20% have covered the distance to the surface in estimated time. Strategy for solving the problems prevailed among this category of miners. The study was shut down for 80% of miners, and they had the strategy of avoiding the problems and support. Forming during respiration hyperoxygenated mixture with the help of mine self-rescuer helps forming circumstances for inadequate danger estimate and insecure behavior in extreme situation. Thus, miners’ preparation for action at risk should be realized according to the strategies of behavior while respiration modelling using mine self-rescuer, providing breathing hyperoxygenated gas mixture.
Assessment of Influence of Meteorological Parameters on the Risk of Accidents on Roads Outside Settlements
Authors: Pechatnova E V , Sergeeva Ja S
Published: June 2019

Road traffic accidents, especially occurring on road sections outside of populated areas, are characterized by high severity of consequences and, therefore, are one of the main safety problems of the technosphere. Studies of many authors confirm the importance of the influence of meteorological parameters on the accident rate. However, most results don’t contain quantitative data demonstrating how risk of occurring a car accident depends on weather conditions. Research of this article assesses the impact of five main meteorological parameters on the accident rate using as example one of the Russian Federal roads. Nonlinear dependences of weather conditions and road accident risk were obtained by means of calculation of frequencies. The results are presented in the form of graphical dependencies. As a result of approximation there were found formulas that describe the relationship between values of meteorological parameters and the variation of a car accident risk. According to probability theory, the mathematical model can be based on the multiplication of risks caused by each meteorological parameter.
New Information on the Structure, Geological Development and Oil and Gas Potential of the Northwestern Territories of Yakutia and the Adjacent Shelf of the Laptev Sea
Authors: Sitnikov V S , Sevostyanova R F , Pavlova K A
Published: June 2019

In the XX-th century, scientific ideas prevailed on the genetic connection of the marginal Arctic territory, stretching far into the Laptev Sea shelf, with the mesozoids of the Verkhoyansk-Kolyma’s mountain-fold system. At the same time, this coastal strip of elevation was considered as the northwestern branch of this system. At the end of the last century, there have been significant changes in these views. The opinions of the geological development of the northern continental and adjacent shelf areas during the pre-Cenozoic geological epochs get very broad support under the conditions of a typical platform regime. The latest results of the seismic survey of the CDP-2D carried out in the Laptev Sea area was played an important role. The geological model of the structure and oil and gas content of the large area of the articulation of the continental land and the adjacent East Arctic shelf is justified and for the first time a preliminary characteristic of the new large Olenek-Laptevskaya oil and gas bearing region was given. The marginal structural-tectonic elements of sub latitudinal strike are constituent parts of the southern side of a large sedimentary basin, mainly located on the shelf Laptev Sea (Olenek-Laptevskaya syneclise). The tectonic regime of the concordative deflection, carried out earlier under the conditions of the passive continental margins of the Siberian Platform, was replaced with the conditions typical for the areas of interplate activation at the end of the Cretaceous and further in the Paleogene-Neogene. At the same time, the predominant stretching established earlier in the spreading zone on the continuation of the Gakkel ridge in the south-west direction was replaced by the conditions of regional subhorizontal compression. The obtained results indicate a regional continuation on the shelf of a large Riphean focus of oil and gas formation, established earlier by seismic prospecting in the northeast of the Siberian platform. As a result, it assumes the presence of a very significant hydrocarbon potential, much exceeding the high predictive estimates of past years.
Evaluation of Chemical safety of Food Products
Authors: Valeeva E R , Elbahnasawy A S M , Ziyatdinova A I
Published: June 2019

In the diet of the rural population, the main products of consumption were meat and meat products, bakery products, dairy, fruit and vegetable products. The greatest contribution to the population exposure to cadmium, arsenic, mercury when ingested with food products like milk and dairy products, meat and meat products, fish, bread and bread products. The most susceptible to the total nonspecific effects from domestic products are the cardiovascular system, the hormonal system, the central nervous system, the immune system, the blood of the kidney and the reproductive system, from the imported products - blood, hormonal system, central nervous system and reproductive system. With combined intake of pollutants by alimentary methods, the total index of the risk of development of non-carcinogenic effects was 16.2 (95% per cent) for domestic products, 4.6 (95% perc) for imports. The non-carcinogenic risk from contamination of domestic food products is formed by cadmium, arsenic and mercury. Systems most susceptible to total nonspecific effects are cardiovascular (HI) - 3.6, hormonal with an index of danger (HI) -2.7, the central nervous system with an index which is dangerous (HI = 2.4), immune (HI = 1.45), blood (HI = 0.88), kidneys (HI = 0.79), and reproductive (HI = 0.71). The influence of imported products on functional systems was distributed as follows: blood (HI = 0.48), hormones (HI = 0.81), cc HI = 0.52), reproductive system (HI = 0.41). With the combined intake of pollutants by alimentary methods, the total index of the risk of development of non-carcinogenic effects by domestic products was 16.2 for imported - 4.6.
Method of Purification of Oily Wastewater by Oil-Soluble Hydrocarbon Adsorbents
Authors: Farvazova N , Valeev A , Mastobaev B
Published: June 2019

During exploitation of oil pipelines and storages oil spill can occur. For effective collecting spills sorbents are used. There are many types of sorbents, but sorbents that can be utilized in excess oil are very promising. The aim of the work is to study the properties of such substances, their applicability for oil spill collection and comparison with other sorbents. The object of the study was a sorbent that contains powdery polypropylene. A study of a number of basic working properties was carried out in laboratory conditions at room temperature of 20 °C. This sorbents creates a rubber-like formation like “carpet” that is easily removed from the surface. During experimental study the sorption capacity has been measured. Test of the buoyancy of the sorbent in water showed that after 20 days sorbent granules do not sink, do not swell and form no film on the surface, allowing water to evaporate freely.
Evaluation of Stability of Electric Transmission Concrete Poles Under the Influence of Blast-Induced Ground Vibrations on the Basis of Numerical Modelling
Authors: Korshunov G I , Afanasev P I , Bulbasheva I A
Published: June 2019

For the moment, a large number of mining enterprises in Russia engaged in the open-pit mining face with the problem of providing the stability of the directly-embedded concrete poles which are a part of the overall transmission power line system. The blasting operations considered to be an efficient way of developing the deposits strongly affect the concrete poles in the immediate vicinity from the quarries. The major part of electric poles near the deposits has critical deflections from the vertical position. The process of evaluating the stability of the poles affected by the blast-induced ground vibrations should inevitably include the process of determining the criterion of the loss of stability that will help to evaluate the level of the ground vibrations safe for the construction. The paper presents the methodical approach of evaluating the stability to be performed with the help of the finite element model and studies of the stability of a construction having various angles of deflection.
Solution of Local Rheological Nodal Task to Problem of the Maximum Flow of the Minimum Cost in Complicate Branched System of Trunk Oil Pipelines
Authors: Tashbulatov R R , Karimov R M , Mastobaev B N , Makarenko O A
Published: June 2019

The paper considers a new approach to identifying the possibility of saving pumping energy for in the oil trunk pipeline system by optimization the mixing ratio of the oils pumped to different directions in complicate branched network. To get the effect of energy consumption reduction, optimal mixing concentrations are calculated on the simplex space characterizing the composition of the oil blend. The problems of calculating the flow rate and required energy by a more explicit function type without iterative methods are considered. Attention is paid to determining the boundaries of possible ratios of blending taking into account the condition of mass balance. An example to solving the task aimed to optimization of oil flows distribution in condition of differences of their rheological properties in the case of the simplest configuration type of the pipeline network is also shown. The considered method presents the local nodal solution of a more complete transportation optimization task – The Maximum flow of the Minimum cost.
Automatic Evaluation of Pavement Thickness in GPR Data with Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Sukhobok Y A , Verkhovtsev L R , Ponomarchuk Y V
Published: June 2019

The ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the most frequently recommended non-destructive methods for the pavement thickness measurement. Due to the rapid growth of GPR data in the recent years, the development of automatic data processing techniques is required. In this paper we propose to use one type of artificial neural network, the multilayer perceptron (MLP), for automatic selection of the pavement boundaries. The experimental results indicate that machine learning techniques can be used for robust road structure evaluation.
Risk Assessment of Anthropogenic Impact on Water Ecosystems Based on Chemical and Biological Monitoring Data
Authors: Kondrateva T A , Stepanova N Yu , Essuman-Quainoo B
Published: June 2019

Based on long-term data of chemical and biological monitoring, the risk of anthropogenic impact on urban water bodies was estimated (Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia). These chemical parameters were used as pollution markers: dissolved oxygen, BOD, ammonium compounds, as well as pollutants, which exceeded MAC (15 ingredients in total). The main biological indicators were the total number of phytoplankton, the relative number of oligochaetes in the composition of zoobenthos and the relative number of rotifers in the zooplankton. It is shown that urban aquatic ecosystems are in transition from equilibrium to critical state according to the degree of risk of anthropogenic impact.
Ecological and Hydrogeological Problems of the Old Industrial Regions of the Middle Urals (Russia)
Authors: Rybnikova L S , Rybnikov P A
Published: June 2019

Mining of mineral deposits leads to the formation of mining landscapes, within which specific hydrogeochemical systems arise. Following the dewatering to the depths of tens and hundreds of meters, processes of technogenic hyper-genesis and mineral formation are developing, especially in areas where the continuity of rocks is disturbed. Here, the sulfuric acid weathering crust is formed, which contains secondary minerals, including readily soluble crystalline hydrates of sulfates. The article presents the results of the analysis of the hydrochemical situation within the abandoned Levikha mine (Middle Urals). It is shown that the reason for the formation of unloading of acid mine waters on the surface during postmining is the change in the hydrodynamic conditions (cessation of the drainage and the filling of the depression cone), the dissolution of secondary minerals in the technogenic zone of hypergenesis (in the zones of collapse and displacement). The mass consumption of components at the post-operational stage is comparable to the rate of oxidative weathering of sulfides during the operation of the dewatering. The half-life of the components is about 5 years, and the formation of contaminated mine waters will last at least 50 years. These results are the basis for determining the strategy and tactics of planning work to eliminate the accumulated damage to the environment of the mining landscapes of the Middle Urals at the post-mining stage.
Increase of Energy Efficiency of the Mechanical Ventilation System
Authors: Sharapov A I , Myakotina E Y , Shatskikh Y V , Peshkova A V
Published: June 2019

This article deals with an urgent issue - that of the deficit of natural energy resources, ways of their sustainable utilization and the need to find new alternative energy sources. It proposes a way to improve the efficiency of energy usage as well as to save energy in a mechanical ventilation system through the heat recovery of ventilation emissions by platetype waste heat exchangers. Schemes of steam-curing the supplied air in ventilation systems featuring waste heat recovery and partial recirculation of exhaust air in a cold season have been developed for the dining halls of the canteen at Lipetsk State Technical University. This paper relies upon the results of microclimate parameter analysis in the scenarios of using the proposed scheme and the current direct-flow scheme of supplied air treatment in cold and transitional seasons. It provides conclusions on the possibility to attain optimum parameters of air inside the serviced rooms in case of implementing the scheme of steam-curing the supplied air with the recovery and circulation. The research also involved an appraisal of feasibility of using heat recovery installations in air ventilation systems.
Assessing the Instability of Dong Nai River in Bien Hoa District Using Bank Erosion Hazard Index (BEHI) and Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Nguyet L M , Minh D Q , Lan P T H
Published: June 2019

In this study, a method for developing a quantitative prediction of river bank erosion in Bien Hoa district in Dong Nai River is presented. The river bank erosion hazard index (BEHI) was estimated to assess the stability of the river bank erosion in consultation with bank height, bank slope, rooting depth, rooting density and surface protection. The estimated BEHI of Dong Nai River in Bien Hoa district are high which indicates the riverbank instability. The estimated BEHI along the left bank is about 25-30. The satellite data of LANSAT TM 5, LANDSAT ETM 7 for the year 1995, 2005 and 2015 were used to assess the nature of shifting of the river bank and to estimate the land loss from river bank. All the derived images were transported on GIS environment to extract the course of the river. 13 sites were considered along the Dong Nai River in Bien Hoa District to estimate the leftward shifting of the bank line and to assess the shifting distance of the river bank line. There is a strong relationship between bank instability BEHI, shifting distance of the bank line and eroded bank area in this study.
Assessment of the Impact of Integrated Pollution on the Monitoring of Biodiversity in Fisheries
Authors: Khetsuriani E D , Fedotov R V , Abrosimova K S
Published: June 2019

Results are presented of the comparative analysis of frequency of erythroid cells with micronuclei and “tailed” nuclei and of the interphase nuclei indices of red blood cells in the peripheral blood of bester, a sturgeon hybrid. The differences are found in the frequency of occurrence of abnormal red blood cells between the two groups of fish kept in cages in natural water (river) and in ponds with water supplied through a sedimentation basin. Despite these differences, the number of erythrocytes with chromosomal abnormalities in the bester of both groups is close to normal. However, the number of erythroid cells with micronuclei and “tailed nuclei” prevailed in the fish held in river cages. It was suggested that comparative cytogenetic monitoring of fish can be used not only to characterize the environment of water bodies, but also promote the rational organization of artificial reproduction of aquatic organisms that would contribute to the conservation of biodiversity of aquatic biological resources.
The Integrative Process of Transport Systems of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Almetova Z V , Shepelev V D , Kuznetsov N A
Published: June 2019

An analysis is made on the influence of factors on the implementation of integration processes in the transport sector. The problems of an estimation of the level of the transportation capacities of the Eurasian Economic Union transport systems for transit freight traffic are considered, taking into account their unevenness in directions. Modern research does not pay enough attention to improving the efficiency of transit traffic in the Eurasian Economic Union countries, taking into account the unevenness of freight flows. Insufficient scientific study of these issues determines the relevance of the study. Methodical bases are developed for integration of transit traffic of the Eurasian economic union countries by creating transit terminal complexes providing decrease in unproductive usage of transit transport. Expressions were obtained for estimating the excess transit transportation capacities of the Eurasian Economic Union transport systems and for assessing the effect resulting from the integration of freight flows in terminal complexes. The coefficient of unevenness in the directions of the region’s freight traffic with all adjacent regions, implemented through a transit transport hub, has been developed. The methodological bases for the integration of transit traffic are oriented at practical application. The results of the study can be used in the activities of transport organizations of the Eurasian Economic Union countries to improve the efficiency of transit transport and optimize the operation of terminal complexes.
Change in Rheological Properties of Liquid Multicomponent Systems, Including Hydrocarbon Fuel by the Addition of Nanomaterials
Authors: Zvereva E R , Makarova A O , Zueva O S
Published: June 2019

The addition of nanostructures leads to a radical transformation of the properties of traditional materials, practically without changing their chemical composition, only due to the tendency of molecules to appearance of the ordered structures and, as a consequence, to a change in functional characteristics of the original materials. Structural ordering of atoms around nanoparticles can lead to a change in viscosity and can be used to reduce the material intensity, the energy intensity, the labor intensity and the cost of production in technological processes. Thus methods and materials of nanotechnology can be used to create a composite hydrocarbon fuel with improved rheological characteristics. To reduce the viscosity of various types of hydrocarbon fuel, small amounts of nanoparticles can be added leading to an additional structure formation which may result in a change in rheological properties due to transition to layerwise shear flow. The possibilities of using carbon nanotubes and dehydrated carbonate sludge of water treatment were analyzed. The presence of a synergistic effect in the joint application of carbon nanotubes with carbonate sludge has been established. It has been shown that the choice of corresponding nanoparticles and their dispersion medium for a particular type of hydrocarbon fuel can significantly improve its rheological characteristics.
Delayed Fluorescence from Pinus Silvestris Leaves as an Indicator of Urban Environmental Quality
Authors: Valeeva G R , Karpov M V , Khafizova Z M , Gabdrakhimova V A
Published: June 2019

This article presents the measurements of delayed fluorescence from Pinus sylvestris leaves against the functional load on the urban territory. We compare the values obtained with the results of chemical and analytical studies of the soil quality. The sampling was carried out according to a spatial grid designed on the basis of the functional load on the territory. The bioindication method as well as chemical and analytical tests of plant and soil samples taken at each site under study allow to differentiate these locations according to their ecological conditions. We made attempts to assess the degree of influence of various factors on some indicators of plant vitality. Calculations of the correlation coefficient between the content of a number of components in the soil and bioindication data suggest that the photosynthetic activity of plants in urban conditions is more dependent on the state of the atmosphere.
Removal of Heavy Metal Ions with Clay-Based Sorbent
Authors: Stepanov S , Panfilova O
Published: June 2019

The paper presents research results of heavy metals ions removal from a model multicomponent solution applying a new sorbent obtained on the basis of modified clay and peat of the Samara region. The modification was carried out in a thermal way. The researchers study the new material properties in the range of low concentrations typical for the biologically treated sewage water and wastewater of industrial enterprises. The paper also presents kinetic curves and sorption isotherms for five ions of heavy metals – copper, zinc, manganese, iron and lead.
Dairy Wastewater Treatment Using Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Stepanov S , Solkina O , Stepanov A
Published: June 2019

The paper presents the results of scientific researches in the field of biomembrane treatment of dairy products industry enterprises wastewater. Practical experiments confirmed the possibility of reducing the inhibition degree of the process of biological treatment of dairy products industry wastewater, which has been physically and chemically purified, by increasing the concentration of active sludge. This effect can be achieved while using membrane bioreactor technology (MBR). The experiments also showed that if dairy plants wastewater is pre-treated with coagulants and flocculants, specific speed of biocontamination oxidation decreases in 1, 2-2, 3 times at BODfull = 250 mg/l in comparison with the initial wastewater. It happens because of substrate inhibition rate of biochemical reactions. The identified dependencies show that it is advisable to exclude the stage of reagent flotation before the biological treatment of dairy products industry wastewater. It can reduce costs of using a large number of expensive reagents and simplify the technological scheme. During the experiments dairy plants wastewater was taken as a model. Later, the researchers used real wastewater and confirmed the main kinetic constants and coefficients for calculations of biological purification plants. These results are as follows: temperature constant χ, grad−1, for aerobic heterotrophic conversion – 0,079-0,091, for nitrification – 0.096; for denitrification – 0.13. Coefficients of inhibition by active sludge φ metabolic products amounted to (l/g): for organic substances oxidation by BODfull – 0,39-0,54; for nitrification – 0.19, for denitrification – 0.22; active reaction of the environment corresponding to the highest rate of oxidation of organic substances pHopt – 6.9 at pH-constant 150. The maximum specific speed of organic substances oxidation r’max is 82,5-101,1 mg/(g × h), the Michaelis constant Km – 15 mg/l. The maximum specific speed of nitrification r’max is 1.49 mg/(g × h), the Michaelis constant Km is 0.12 mg/l, the constant of inhibition a is 43. The maximum specific speed of denitrification r’max is 10.8 mg/(g × h), the Michaelis constant Km is 3.5 mg/l. The calculated values of kinetic coefficients and constants make it possible to calculate membrane bioreactors of sewage treatment plants of dairy industry to the specified degree of purification. The estimated annual economic effect for “Pestravskiy” diary plant of the Samara region equaled 4 mln. rub/year (at 2017 values).
Permeability Measurements of Bazhenov Formation Rocks on Plugs and Crushed Core
Authors: Gorshkov A M
Published: June 2019

Laboratory investigations of low and ultra-low permeable rocks of the Bazhenov Formation face serious problems, one of which is the determination of reservoir properties. Currently, there are several methods for measuring the permeability of rocks in range 10−3 … 10−9 mD. All of them include determination of permeability, both on plugs and crushed core. This work is concerned with comparison of results to determine the permeability of Bazhenov Formation rocks on plugs and crushed core. To determine the permeability on plugs, the steady state method, adapted for low and ultra-low permeable core samples, and the pulse decay method were used. The GRI method was used to study crushed samples. It is shown that, the proposed methods give a similar permeability values and can be used to determine permeability of Bazhenov Formation rocks.
Physical and Chemical Features of Aqueous Media Treatment Process from Components of Cow Milk with a Milled Waste of Corn
Authors: Sapronova Zh A , Svergusova S V , Aksenov A K , Fomina E V
Published: June 2019

The effluent treatment process for dairy waste water adopts physicochemical methods with adsorption playing a significant role in removing organic chemical contaminants. Corn waste, due to their abundance and large volumes, often attract the attention of environmental researchers. It is known that corn is an effective sorbent in the purification of aqueous media from oil products and dyes. In this work, there are researches of the physical and chemical characteristics of aqueous media treatment process from the components that are the part of the drainage of milk processing plants (lactic acid and asparagine) with ground thermal modified corn waste. It has been established that the obtained sorption material effectively extracts various components of sewage from milk processing plants. Extraction of asparagine occurs more efficiently than lactic acid, so for the amino acid, 91% efficiency is achieved, for lactic acid 78%. When the amount of pollutant in the range of COD values 305–320 mgO/dm3, the rational weight of the sorption material additive is 6 g/dm3.
Risks of Mass Concentrations of Birds
Authors: Arinina A V , Minakova E A , Khusnullin R R
Published: June 2019

The basis of an urban ornitotsenoz is formed by several synanthropic mass bird species whose numbers are hundreds of times larger than the small and rare species. The vital activity of mass species leads to undesirable consequences for humans, reduces the biological diversity of ornithocene. Populations of synanthropic birds are reservoir and source of pathogens of dangerous zoonoses and zooantroponoses. The contact between the bird and the man takes place in the places of their accumulation: at transport stops, in parks and feeding places. To identify the percentage of patients with chlamydia rock pigeons in the city of Kazan were investigated in the serum and the pathological material of pigeons that live in different parts of the city. By managing the factors influencing on magnitude of population it is necessary to increase stability of a city ornitotsenoz. The stability of the urban ornithocenosis is a necessary condition for a healthy environment.