bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELEMENTS OF RESOURCE ASSESSMENT OF STEEL BEAMS PRESTRESSTED WEB
Authors: Kravchuk E.V. , Iodchik A.A. , Kravchuk V.A.
Published: September 2024

The article presents possible ways to determine service life of steel single-span beams with prestressed web. The authors implement the method for searching coefficients of optimal distribution of material over the cross section of a symmetrical, monometallic steel I-beam. Basing on structures theory the study determines the maximum permissible moments of external loads for ordinary and prestressed beams. It formulates analytical expressions characterizing the first and second limit states of prestressed beams and establishes the resource of their bearing capacity. As a result of performed analysis, analytical dependences of prestressed beams stiffness are determined and structures resource is established according to this criterion. The study determines height of beams and its change with span variations and actual uniformly distributed load. Resource height of prestressed beams is established in comparison with height of conventional bending structures. Load-bearing capacity of beams with prestressed web is 1,8 times higher than the corresponding capacity of conventional beam and their resource is 180 %. Deflections of prestressed beams are 77,3 % less than deflections of traditional beams and stiffness resource is 1,29. Height of conventional beam is 1,847 times higher than height of prestressed structure. Service life of prestressed beam is 187%. Key words: prestressing, optimal design, load-bearing capacity, rigidity, service life.
Molecular Typing of Cryptosporidium in Cattle in Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
Authors: Adeiza A. M. , Godwin E. , Okolo E. , Bamidele R-Y. S , Tenuche Z. O. , Nafarnda W. D. , Enem S. I.
Published: October 2024

Cryptosporidium is an enteric pathogen with worldwide distribution in humans and animals with cattle as their reservoirs. Molecular tools have been very useful in determining the epidemiology of this zoonotic pathogen of public health importance. Despite the importance of this pathogen to humans and animals, there is limited published information on the risk factors of its epidemiology in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Positive faecal samples of 400 cattle in 46 farms located in 6 area councils of the FCT that were earlier screened for Cryptosporidium on light microscopy were genotyped by nested PCR using primers that targeted 18S ssUrRNA gene and followed by RFLP. The PCR-RFLP products were further sub genotyped by nested PCR and GP 60 KDa gene amplification. The nucleotides of the amplicons were subsequently sequenced. The overall PCR detection rate was 5.5%. Analysis of the 18S rRNA gene of the PCR-RFLP fragments revealed Cryptosporidium ryanae (18.3%), C. andersoni (8.5%) and C. parvum (4.2%). Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the GP 60KDa gene of all the C. parvum detected showed all to be 100% subtype family IIa and 100% sub genotype IIaA18G3R1. In conclusion, this study has established the presence of Cryptosporidium in cattle in the FCT. The detection of the zoonotic C. parvum, its subtype IIa and its allele IIaA18G3R1 is an indication of source of zoonotic transmission of the parasite in the FCT, Nigeria.
The Application and Challenges of ChatGPT in Preschool Education
Authors: Lian Haoyang
Published: September 2024

At present, the application of ChatGPT in education has been widely discussed. However, further research and discussion are needed on how to better integrate artificial intelligence in preschool education for young children aged 3-7 years. This paper analyzes the existing research on the application of AI in young children and concludes that the benefits of AI in preschool education can not only help improve and enrich curriculum design but also contribute to the development of artificial intelligence education. However, there are several challenges associated with AI in preschool children. First, artificial intelligence has limitations in children's language understanding. Second, children's emotional needs may not be satisfied. Last, there are doubts about the rationality of the suggestions made for young children. Based on the Pre-operational Stage of Piaget's children's cognitive development, this paper provides the following insights for the integration of ChatGPT and preschool education. One of the future works for ChatGPT is to combine the multimode to understand children's language. Another approach is to be used as a virtual partner to develop young learners' interpersonal communication and emotional management through scene simulation. Additionally, ChatGPT should provide simple and specific suggestions, according to the cognitive development characteristics of young learners.
Realistic Dilemma and Promotion Path: Study on The Affinity of College Counselors from the Perspective of "Micro-Language"--Based on the investigation and analysis of 585 college students
Authors: Sun Na , Zhang Lang
Published: September 2024

The meaning of "micro-language" and its significance to the improvement of college counselors' affinity are explained. A sample of 585 college students is analyzed, and it is found that the affinity of counselors in the field of "micro-language" is generally good but still insufficient. We propose specific paths for counselors to enhance their affinity with "micro-language": sticking close to life, enriching discourse content to meet students' discourse needs; sticking close to students, switching discourse styles to fill the "discourse gap" of students; sticking close to the reality, grasping the discourse of the times and entering the "circle of friends" of students. Enter the students' "circle of friends".
Analysis of Similarities and Discrepancies Between Chinese and Western Hermits Based on Tao Yuanming and Thoreau
Authors: Zhang Yining
Published: September 2024

Throughout history, the word “hermit” has been a universal concept in both Chinese and western cultures. Chinese and western hermits keep harmony in diversity. To some extent, in terms of some core values, they step on the same paths. At the same time, differences also make them shine uniquely. In ancient societies and modern world, their simple lifestyle and unshakable pursuit of inner purification have inspired people to seek for the real themselves. Their great minds, unique attitudes towards life and extraordinary contributions have significantly promoted the fields of literature, arts and philosophy. This thesis takes Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau, who were typical figures of hermits as main examples, uses a comparative analysis approach, shedding light on the similarities and discrepancies between Chinese and western hermits. Additionally, it provides suggestions on how to live peacefully and easily. In our modern society full of involution and competition, it is of great significance to learn, inherit and internalize the precious spirits, thoughts and ideas from hermits.
Research Progress of Bacillus subtilis in Wheat Growth Promotion and Disease Control
Authors: Xie Jiasong , Bai Lu , Zhou Wenke
Published: September 2024

Wheat is one of the main food crops in the world, and its output is related to the world food security. In recent years, with the change of climate conditions and the overuse of chemical pesticides, the growing environment of wheat is facing severe challenges, and wheat diseases occur frequently, which seriously affects the growth and yield of wheat. As a new type of green growth promotion and control measures, biological control provides a more sustainable and environmentally friendly way for crops to cope with the challenges of the growing environment. Bacillus subtilis is a kind of PGPR widely found in plant rhizosphere soil. It has strong broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and resistance to stress. In this paper, the mechanism of Bacillus subtilis in promoting wheat growth and the control principle and effect of pathogenic bacteria in wheat were reviewed, and the existing problems were analyzed and prospected in order to provide reference for the application of Bacillus subtilis in agricultural field.
The Influence and Reasonable Application of ChatGPT to College Students under the Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Li Yue
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, some problems caused by ChatGPT in education have been widely discussed, but the research on ChatGPT under the theory of multiple intelligences lacks a systematic summary. This essay analyzes the advantages and problems of ChatGPT for college students in different aspects under the theory of multiple intelligences. In this essay, it is concluded that ChatGPT's flexibility is suitable for the differences between various intelligences, and there are significant advantages. However, ChatGPT still has a shortage in the practical aspects of multiple intelligences. Based on this, this essay puts forward the following suggestions- Students can use the advantages of ChatGPT's diverse functions and flexibility in developing multiple intelligences and formulate learning plans suitable for individual needs. Teachers can use ChatGPT to help save time, strengthen the learning of professional knowledge, and improve teaching quality. At the same time, in terms of practice, students and teachers should pay more attention to the deviation between virtual and reality, make reasonable use of ChatGPT to assist learning by cultivating critical thinking and discriminating ability, and promote the all-round development of students through developing the advantages and improve the defects.
Research on Maintenance Capability Standards for Drive Motor Systems of New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Wang Wei , Hu Zan , Qi Pei , Li Xiaopeng
Published: September 2024

Developing industry recognized industry standards within the qualification framework is the benchmark for learning outcomes transformation. Based on the study of general competency standards, this article takes the maintenance competency requirements of new energy vehicle drive motor systems as a case study, and conducts a detailed analysis of the requirements for this module in vocational education undergraduate education for secondary and higher vocational schools. Finally, the vocational skill level standard for "electric vehicle high-voltage system evaluation and maintenance" is revised and preliminarily verified.
The Influencing Factors of High School English Teachers Choosing Different Teaching Media
Authors: Si Purui
Published: September 2024

The issue of high school English teachers' selection of teaching media has garnered widespread attention. However, there remain significant gaps in understanding the influencing factors. This paper analyzes the determinants behind teachers' choices using grounded theory and three-level coding, incorporating interviews with educators from both first-tier cities and county towns in China. The findings reveal substantial disparities in resource availability, technological proficiency, and institutional support between urban and rural schools. Urban teachers benefit from abundant resources and robust technical support, which facilitate higher technological proficiency and more effective media integration with curriculum goals. Conversely, rural teachers face challenges with basic access to technology and limited professional development opportunities. Based on these findings, this paper proposes several recommendations to optimize the use of teaching media: enhancing resource availability through increased funding and community support, improving technological proficiency via targeted professional development, strengthening school support with dedicated IT staff and flexible funding policies, and aligning media with curriculum needs to enhance student engagement.
Differences Between the Chinese and American Higher Education Systems and Implications
Authors: Yin Zhiyi
Published: September 2024

Despite receiving considerable global attention, the higher education systems of China and the United States exhibit disparities and complementarities that highlight ongoing deficiencies in educational reform and development. This paper holds a comparative analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, and developmental trends within the higher education frameworks of both nations. It reveals that China's system is defined by its uniform policies and stringent teaching methodologies, characterized by fixed curricula and rigorous mechanisms for teacher training and student selection. In contrast, the US system is celebrated for its diversity, flexible policies, innovative teaching approaches, and diverse curricula. It places a strong emphasis on teacher autonomy and the individualization of student assessments. Based on these findings, this study offers a series of recommendations designed to advance the development of higher education in both countries. These include optimizing the admissions and examination systems, reforming educational philosophies, broadening international perspectives, and enhancing the allocation and fairness of educational resources.
Spatial Graph Neural Networks for Accurate Product Demand Prediction
Authors: Chan Tat , Chen Yisi
Published: September 2024

Accurate product demand prediction is critical for enhancing operational efficiency and strategic planning in supply chain management. Traditional forecasting methods, such as time series analysis and regression models, often fall short in capturing the complex spatial dependencies that influence consumer behavior across different geographical regions. This paper explores the application of Spatial Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs) as an innovative approach to address these limitations. SGNNs extend conventional Graph Neural Networks by integrating spatial information into the graph structure, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of how local market conditions, demographic factors, and competitive dynamics impact product demand. Our study demonstrates that SGNNs significantly outperform traditional forecasting techniques by effectively modeling spatial relationships. Comparative analyses reveal the advantages and limitations of SGNNs relative to other machine learning approaches, emphasizing the importance of spatial considerations in demand prediction. Future research directions include refining SGNN methodologies, incorporating diverse data sources, and exploring applications in various domains beyond supply chain management. This work underscores the potential of SGNNs to transform demand forecasting practices across industries, paving the way for more accurate and reliable prediction techniques.
The Impact of AI-Assisted Teaching on Students' Learning and Psychology
Authors: Zhu Yunyi
Published: September 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has garnered significant attention, yet its implications on student outcomes require further exploration. This paper analyzes the impact of AI-assisted teaching on students' learning and psychological well-being. Through a comprehensive review of existing AI applications in education, including intelligent tutoring systems and educational chatbots, the study examines how these technologies influence academic performance and psychological health. The findings indicate that AI-assisted teaching enhances learning outcomes by providing personalized educational experiences and fostering student engagement. Furthermore, AI systems contribute positively to students' psychological well-being by offering timely emotional support and personalized stress management strategies. However, challenges such as technological limitations, resistance to change, and privacy concerns persist. Based on these insights, the paper suggests actionable recommendations for the effective integration of AI in education, emphasizing the need for robust infrastructure, continuous educator training, and ethical considerations to maximize benefits while mitigating potential risks.
Research on the Competitiveness Evaluation of Rural B&B Cluster Based on GEMS Model——Taking Pengzhou Longmen Mountain Jianjiang River Valley Eco-tourism Area as an Example
Authors: Kang Yiyang , Zhong Yuxiang , Wang Zijia , Feng Yuqi , Xu Haoran
Published: September 2024

In the context of rural revitalization, the rural B&B industry demonstrates notable dynamism and exhibits a tendency towards clustering. Using the GEMS model, the competitiveness of the local rural B&B industry cluster is evaluated at four levels: foundation, enterprise, market and environment. The findings indicate that the rural B&B industry cluster in the Pengzhou Longmen Shan Jinjiang Valley Eco-tourism Area exhibits certain competitive advantages. However, there is potential for enhancement at the market and enterprise levels. Consequently, recommendations for promoting the sustainable development of the cluster are proposed.
How can Transportation Sector Achieve High-quality Carbon Peaking in China?
Authors: Zhou Yitong
Published: September 2024

Promoting the peak of carbon emissions in the transportation sector as soon as possible is the key to advancing carbon peaking process in China. This article combines the KAYA model, peak quality standards based on Tapio decoupling model, and international experience to predict the future trend of carbon emissions of transportation sector, and to analyze the path for the transportation sector to achieve high-quality peak in China. Research has found that: (1) Based on China's goals (by 2030, the proportion of oil and gas will decrease to 75%), it has been found that China's transportation sector may achieve carbon peak by 2032, with lower peak quality than developed countries such as Japan. (2) Based on international experience, stable GDP growth and technological progress are key to ensuring the quality of carbon peak in the transportation sector. (3) On the basis of reducing the share of oil and gas to 75% by 2030, if China further decreases the energy intensity of its transportation sector by 27% compared to 2018 levels (a 7% greater decrease than the target scenario), it is projected that China's transportation sector may achieve a high-quality carbon peak by 2030 and potentially match the peak quality level of France. This paper can provide theoretical support for promoting carbon emissions reduction and facilitating the peak in China's transportation sector.
Research Progress on the SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis in Cartilage Injury
Authors: He Zunian , Huang Xiaoban , Ling Peng , Tang Yanggang , Qin Zhou , Lu Dinggui
Published: September 2024

The chemokine CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), is a small pro-inflammatory chemokine that primarily binds to CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4; CD184), serving as a major regulatory factor for cell transport and adhesion. When SDF-1 binds to CXCR4, it triggers intracellular signaling through several pathways that initiate processes such as chemotaxis, cell survival, proliferation, calcium influx, and gene transcription. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays a crucial role in the development of bone marrow stem cells and the process of tissue regeneration. Repairing cartilage tissue necessitates a sufficient number of chondrocytes, making bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells particularly suitable for this purpose. This signaling pathway is essential for cartilage injury repair. It promotes stem cell migration and localization, regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, and inhibits inflammatory responses. This article reviews the current research advancements related to the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in cartilage tissue repair.
Evaluation of the Effect of Generative AI in English Writing Class
Authors: Yang Ting
Published: September 2024

The application of artificial intelligence technology in the global education field is becoming more and more extensive. In the process of English learning, writing has always been a difficulty for students. Therefore, how to integrate artificial intelligence technology into the writing classroom is an urgent appeal for English teachers. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of various generative artificial intelligence tools and analyzes the effect of generative artificial intelligence on improving students' writing levels in high school writing classrooms through an empirical study. However, there is still some uncertainty in generative AI, with some predictable and unpredictable risks. When using it for teaching, teachers should fully consider and avoid risks as much as possible, and pay more attention to the cultivation of students' higher-rank thinking abilities, especially critical thinking and creative thinking. At the same time, teachers should constantly improve their digital literacy, constantly explore the use of new technologies, and promote the integration of advanced technologies with classroom teaching to make the classroom more colorful, active, and efficient.
The Impact of Teacher-Student Interaction in Middle School Classrooms on Student Learning Outcomes: A Comparison Between China and The United States
Authors: Lu Xinhe
Published: September 2024

The dynamic interaction between teachers and students in middle school significantly influences educational outcomes, a topic that has garnered extensive attention. Despite the focus, existing studies often overlook the nuanced differences in teacher-student interactions between varying educational systems like those of China and the United States. This paper explores the distinct approaches to teacher-student interaction in these two countries and their impact on student learning outcomes. Comparative analysis reveals that cultural, pedagogical, and structural differences between the Chinese and American educational systems lead to varied effectiveness in academic practices and student engagement. Chinese students often excel in standardized testing, whereas American students show stronger critical thinking and creativity capabilities. Based on these findings, the paper suggests adopting cross-cultural best practices in educational strategies to enhance student engagement and global learning outcomes. Recommendations include incorporating more interactive teaching methods in China and increasing focus on foundational knowledge in the US to balance the respective strengths and weaknesses of each system.
The expression of "Balanced Harmony" aesthetic paradigm in aesthetic and artistic concepts
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Jian
Published: September 2024

The so-called "Balanced Harmony" aesthetic paradigm simply means that Chinese aesthetics emphasizes the reconciliation and unity between two conflicting and confronting aspects of aesthetic things and aesthetic systems, or between two extremes and two ends. The so-called "neutral" aesthetic paradigm simply means that Chinese aesthetics, when interpreting the ontology of "beauty is harmony", puts emphasis on the reconciliation and unity between the two conflicting and confronting aspects of aesthetic things and systems, or between the two poles and the two ends of the …… system, which are balanced and neutral. The so-called "neutral" aesthetic paradigm simply means that Chinese aesthetics interprets the ontology of "beauty is harmony" and regards this state of reconciliation and unity, which is balanced and neutral, as the highest ideal, principle, goal and realm of aesthetics and art. The so-called "neutral" aesthetics paradigm simply means that Chinese aesthetics pays special attention to the coupling structural relationship between things of beauty and within artistic events, pays special attention to thinking between two opposing aesthetic contradictions, and is particularly good at using the simple and dialectical "dichotomous" method to understand and explain the aesthetic world.
Integration of AI Technology and ZPD: Pinpointing the Zone of Student Development to Promote Educational Innovation and Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Wang Yikai
Published: September 2024

In the era of rapid technological advancement, AI has profoundly penetrated various sectors of society, including education. This paper explores the positive impact of AI on students' Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), aiming to assist teachers in making more accurate judgments regarding multiple students' ZPDs and thereby enhancing educational teaching. The findings reveal that AI technology, through its application in ZPD, can provide personalized learning resources and assistance to students, as well as offer teachers appropriate teaching content and strategies tailored to students' needs. However, in the actual teaching process, the application of ZPD to teaching still faces difficulties related to students' individualization, sensitive emotions, and trust crises. Based on this, this paper puts forward the following suggestions. Teachers need to be actively trained in AI to overcome potential resistance from older educators. At the same time, teachers should focus on identifying further technological advances in ZPD and related areas to maximize the benefits of AI in education.
Application of Commonly Used Artificial Intelligence Tools in Field of Publishing
Authors: Zou Lijuan
Published: September 2024

With the rapid development of technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has penetrated various industries, including the publishing industry. This article provides a detailed introduction to the current application status of commonly used AI tools in the field of publishing. Among them, the automated typesetting technology represented by Fangzheng Academic Publishing Cloud Service Platform has shown a dual leap in efficiency and quality compared to traditional typesetting methods, and has brought comprehensive innovations in intelligence, personalization, and cost control; Intelligent editing, represented by Grammarly, Heima Proofreading Software, and Shanfeng Software, has demonstrated their respective advantages in efficiency, accuracy, personalization, and technological innovation, providing strong support and assistance for editors. It is an indispensable and important tool in the field of publishing.
Pengaruh Orientasi Kewirausahaan Dan Orientasi Pasar Pada Kinerja UMKM Tahu Kalisari
Authors: Rianto Sugeng , Syauqi Achmad , Prasetya Angga Ari , Anjani Mia
Published: September 2024

Para pelaku UMKM tahu kalisari tentunya tidak pernah lepas dari berbagai permasalahan yang ada. Mulai dari permasalahan yang terjadi di dalam perusahaan yaitu turunnya penjualan yang berdampak pada pendapatan bulanan bahkan tahunan sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan laba usaha. Para pelaku UMKM tahu ini juga masih dikelola sebagian besar oleh masyarakat dengan tingkat pendidikan menengah kebawah sehingga membuat kurangnya kemajuan dalam transformasi kinerja UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh orientasi kewirausahaan, orientasi pasar terhadap kinerja UMKM Tahu Kalisari. Dengan menggunakan 97 responden pelaku UMKM tahu Kalisari dihasilkan bahwa orientasi kewirausahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap orientasi pasar dan kinerja UMKM. Orientasi Pasar berpengaruh positif terhadap Kinerja UMKM serta menjadi mediasi antara orientasi kewirausahaan dan kienerja UMKM.
Analisis Perilaku Inovatif Berbasis Keseimbangan Kehidupan Kerja, Pemberdayaan dan Kepemimpinan Spiritual
Authors: Arifin Noor , Abdul Rozikin
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh keseimbangan kehidupan kerja, pemberdayaan, kepemimpinan spiritual terhadap perilaku inovatif karyawan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif deskriptif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan CV. Rahmajati dengan jumlah responden 56 karyawan (di luar pimpinan), teknik sampling menggunakan sampel jenuh (sensus). Metode pengumpulan data melalui survey dengan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan analisis linear berganda, uji F dan uji uji t. Hasil penelitian secara parsial: 1) Keseimbangan kehidupan kerja berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap perilaku inovatif karyawan, artinya semakin baik keseimbangan kehidupan kerja akan menyebabkan perilaku inovatif karyawan menurun. 2) Pemberdayaan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap perilaku inovatif karyawan, artinya setiap kenaikan pemberdayaan akan meningkatkan perilaku inovatif karyawan. 3) Kepemimpinan spiritual berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap perilaku inovatif karyawan, artinya ketika kepemimpinan spiritual membaik akan menyebabkan kenaikan perilaku inovatif karyawan. 4) Nilai F hitung sebesar 159,907 dengan signifikansi sebesar 0.000, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semua variabel independen yaitu keseimbangan kehidupan kerja, pemberdayaan dan kepemimpinan spiritual berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap perilaku inovatif karyawan.
Criminological characteristics of the procedures for determining the supplier in state and municipal procurement
Authors: Перов В.А. , Шибанова А.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности различных процедур выбора поставщика для осуществления государственных и муниципальных закупок в Российской Федерации. Акцентируется внимание на отсутствии отличительных особенностей конкурентных процедур – аукциона, запроса котировок и конкурса, а также подчеркиваются преимущества и недостатки каждой. Представлены и проанализированы показатели осуществления государственных закупок различными способами, а также подходы к оценке их экономической эффективности. В статье также представлены результаты анализа отчетных данных применительно к теме исследования. Особое внимание уделяется нормативно-правовому регулированию процедур осуществления выбора поставщика. Анализируются меры, обсуждаемые и уже реализовавшиеся, служащие гарантом экономической эффективности контрактной системы Российской Федерации.

The article discusses the features of various procedures for selecting a supplier for state and municipal procurement in the Russian Federation. The authors focus on the absence of distinctive features of competitive procedures – auction, request for quotations and competition, and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each. The article presents and analyzes the indicators of public procurement in various ways, and approaches to assessing their economic efficiency, as well as the results of the analysis of reporting data in relation to the research topic. Special attention is paid to the regulatory and legal regulation of the procedures for selecting a supplier. The article analyzes the measures discussed and already implemented, which serve as a guarantor of the economic efficiency of the contract system of the Russian Federation.
Female Agency in Rural Public Participation: Actions and Strategies for Empowering Social Organizations in Dilemmas
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei
Published: September 2024

Current grassroots social governance in China advocates the participation of multiple entities, represented by social organizations. However, social organizations often face mismatches between supply and demand, low levels of specialization, and a lack of resources and talent when providing services. Given previous research exploring the institutional environment of social organizations, this paper focuses on the agency of actors within these organizations and their interactive relationship with the organization. It finds that rural women can become enablers of the growth of social organizations in distress and intermediary roles for promoting local social operations, which contests the stereotype about womens vulnerability. This article compares, inducts and analyzes six empirical cases based on the "Role-Agency" framework, and categorizes rural womens roles and agencies in empowering social organizations in distress into four groups. The analysis of these action strategies will provide social organizations with more paths to improve service models and promote social advocacy.
The Function of International Law in Modern International Relations: A Constructivist Perspective
Authors: Xie Yujia
Published: September 2024

Following World War II, the ongoing process of globalisation led to a proliferation of international conflicts and disputes, prompting an increase in the application and regulation of international law. International law, as a legally binding framework for the rights and responsibilities of sovereign states and other entities with international status, has been crucial in reducing global strife, maintaining peace and promoting cooperation. The post-Cold War era coincided with the rise of constructivist theory, which offers a sociological perspective on world politics, emphasising social normative structures over economic material ones. This perspective underscores the influential role of ideas, norms, and culture in shaping state behaviour constructively. Theoretically, constructivist theories within international relations elucidate the legal function of international law while bolstering its authority and status; thereby further explaining its significance within global affairs. The research encompasses three main components: First, an exploration of the theoretical underpinnings of international law and an analysis of constructivism within the field of international relations will be presented. Secondly, a detailed examination of specific operational mechanisms in modern international relations and their contribution to establishing an orderly framework will be undertaken; and thirdly case analysis to examine how these mechanisms have influenced specific events thus revealing their practical impact. Ultimately concluding that as a normative institutional construct, international law has significantly contributed towards rule-making processes conflict resolution efforts as well as maintaining order within global relations while also highlighting that its construction is an ongoing evolutionary process necessitating continual adjustment within the broader context.
Breaking Menstrual Inequality: A Multidimensional Approach to Addressing Period Poverty in China
Authors: Li Yuetong
Published: September 2024

Menstrual poverty is a complex public health problem that cuts across economic, social, and cultural dimensions. It refers not only to women's inability to afford sanitary products due to economic difficulties, but also to a broader lack of relevant knowledge, privacy protection, and social awareness of the importance of menstrual health. China lacks specific policies to address menstrual equity, especially the social disparities between urban and rural areas. This study aims to explore effective policies and community-based interventions to alleviate menstrual poverty among low-income women and girls in China, taking into account economic, social, and educational factors. The study proposes a comprehensive range of intervention strategies through a literature review, qualitative research, and case studies, including tax credits, public health policies, community distribution programs, education system reform, private-sector partnerships with NGOs, economic empowerment, and social and cultural change. The findings highlight the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration, gender-sensitive policy development, and community engagement in addressing menstrual poverty.
Examining the Special Relations Between the U.S. and Japan via the Post-WWII Development of the Ryukyu Issue
Authors: Zhu Dainan
Published: September 2024

The U.S. control of the Ryukyu Islands following the conclusion of World War II and the subsequent return of the Ryukyu Islands provide a unique perspective for studying the special relationship between the contemporary United States and Japan. In this paper, the historical context of the Ryukyu Islands is explored to trace its strategic importance and the geopolitical perspective it has experienced. It then proceeds to analyze the post-World War II U.S. administration of the Ryukyu Islands, with particular emphasis on the issues of national self-determination and executive power. Exploring the development of the Ryukyu issue and its impact on modern Japan-U.S. relations, the paper aims to shed light on the formation and evolution of the Japan-U.S. special relationship. The results demonstrate that the Ryukyu Islands have not only influenced bilateral relations, but also had an impact on broader regional and international political dynamics. An examination of this issue will contribute to an understanding of U.S. strategic positioning in the Asia-Pacific region and its impact on regional security. This also provides support and reference for the resolution of similar international conflicts and help Japan to develop a more balanced foreign policy in dealing with territorial issues.
Reevaluating the Most Favored-Nation Treatment: Addressing Challenges in Modern Trade
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu
Published: September 2024

As global trade continues to evolve, the foundational principles that govern international commerce are increasingly scrutinized. The Most Favored-Nation (MFN) principle, a cornerstone of the World Trade Organization (WTO), was designed to foster fairness by mandating equal trade concessions for all members, thereby ensuring non-discriminatory trading behaviors. This research paper focused on the challenges of the Most Favored-Nation (MFN) principle within the World Trade Organization (WTO), a clause that mandates equal trade concessions for all members, ensuring non-discrimination. The research question investigates whether the MFN principle effectively promotes fairness in international trade or if it unintentionally exacerbates economic inequalities, particularly for developing countries. Findings reveal that MFN clauses often reduce market competition and lead to higher prices, while also disadvantaging developing countries that struggle to compete with developed nations. The paper underscores the need for MFN principle reform, such as advocating for differential pricing strategies for enhancing economic competition, setting exceptions for the poorest countries to implement tailored trade policies, and empowering these nations to challenge unfair practices by richer countries. These reforms aim to create a fairer and more balanced global trade system that supports inclusive economic growth for the whole world.
A Narrative Review of the Use of Formative Assessment in China's University Education
Authors: Li Wenting
Published: September 2024

Education is a key factor in the realization of self-worth and national progress. How to train and develop the young generation is the fundamental problem of education. Assessment is important to develop education, because it drives students learning. At present, terminal assessment has always been a key part of education system, which pays too much attention to the overall outcome but ignores the students subjectivity and initiative in the learning process. This kind of assessment suppresses students creativity. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new assessment system more suitable for modern teaching. Formative assessment is an assessment conducted over a period of time. It means that students are evaluated during the learning process, not just after the learning process. It collects information on children with a view to using it from time to time to guide and shape their learning. Formative assessment, on the other hand, is an assessment method that involves using a variety of assessment tools to assess various components of learning, including not only thought processes but also behaviors, personality traits, and flexibility. Formative assessments are also conducted over time. This approach will be more comprehensive and representative of the learner as a whole. It begins with teachers and administrators making decisions about learners' year-end grades and promotions.
Labor Law Liability of Multinational Corporations in Global Supply Chain
Authors: Wu Kechen
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the labor legal liability of multinational corporations within the global supply chain in the context of economic globalization. The legal governance of this issue has complexity because it involves multiple stakeholders, including international organizations, nations, and multinational corporations. Thus it necessitates coordinated efforts in legislation, judicial processes, and self-regulation. While existing laws and the labor compliance efforts of some multinational corporations have partially safeguarded labor rights, significant deficiencies remain. Addressing these deficiencies requires sustained legislative and judicial input from public entities. This requires more substantial protection and even expansion of the supervisory power of international organizations, such as the establishment of a tripartite negotiation mechanism to ensure their right to participate as independent subjects in labor rights protection. Improving the litigation procedure legislation to give international organizations the right to file public interest litigation to protect the rights and interests of workers in domestic courts will also be a probable choice. Additionally, multinational corporations must take concrete steps to uphold labor rights. Possible practices include assigning independent labor oversight bodies to suppliers and involving labor representatives in labor compliance efforts. Clarifying and enhancing the management of their labor legal responsibilities requires the joint efforts of public and private entities.
The Protection of Labor Rights of Chinese Multinational Corporations under the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Ouyang Chuqiao
Published: September 2024

With the deepening of the "Belt and Road" Initiative, the number of Chinese overseas workers is increasing, and the protection of labor rights and interests is becoming more and more prominent. This article analyzes the problems in the protection of labor rights and interests of Chinese multinational corporations and their causes, and finds that these problems are mainly concentrated in the aspects of identity legitimacy, law application, discrimination in employment access and neglect of the right to human dignity. The incompleteness of the host country's legal and social security system, the inadequacy of diplomatic and consular protection in the home country, the lack of social responsibility of transnational corporations, and the weak awareness of workers' rights are all important reasons for the violation of workers' rights and interests. In order to solve these problems, the paper proposes optimization paths at the national level, the level of transnational companies and the level of workers themselves, including building regional agreements, strengthening legal aid, implementing legal training and raising awareness of self-protection. Through multi-faceted efforts, we can better protect the legitimate rights and interests of overseas workers of Chinese multinational companies, promote the smooth implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative, and achieve the goal of win-win cooperation.
Tax Avoidance on Intangible Assets by Multinational Corporations in the Context of the Two-Pillar Solution and China's Response Proposal
Authors: Li Chenlin
Published: September 2024

International trade has entered the digital economy era due to the sector's rapid development. In order to avoid paying taxes on a global scale, multinational corporations use loopholes in conventional international tax laws. This severely damages the tax bases of many nations, results in significant financial losses, and undermines the fairness of international taxation. Various reform initiatives have developed to address the tax difficulties posed by economic digitalization. The OECD has introduced two significant solutions based on the BEPS action plan, collectively referred to as the "Two-Pillar" solution, to address the issues of tax base erosion caused by the transfer of profits of multinational enterprises and the inability of source countries to tax the profits of certain multinational enterprises in the context of the digital economy. Pillar One breaks through the entity presence rule emphasized in the existing international tax system and redistributes the profits and taxing rights of eligible large multinational enterprises to the market countries to ensure that eligible large multinational enterprises can undertake fairer global tax obligations in the context of economic digitalization. Pillar Two starts from the effective corporate income tax rate and introduces a global minimum tax system to combat the behaviors of multinational enterprises aimed at avoiding tax obligations. China is in favor of promoting the "Two-Pillar" approach as a participant in the OECD "Two-Pillar" declaration, a member of the G20, and the BEPS Inclusive Framework. Facing the new international tax rule system that is about to be implemented, China should be well-prepared in different aspects.
Challenges and Legal Response to Human Rights Protection: A Case Study of Foxconn
Authors: Yang Zhiyue
Published: September 2024

This essay is a discussion of human rights issues based on the Foxconn suicide jump and the judicial system in China today regarding the protection of human rights of workers. This essay will analyze the reasons behind the Foxconn incident, and at the same time, it will deeply study the factors that human rights protection laws and regulations are not well enforced from different perspectives, as well as give feasible solutions. This essay uses both case study method and literature analysis method. Using the Foxconn incident as a case study, this paper enters into an in-depth analysis of the societal problems that existed within the company and offers solutions. By collating and studying the existing literature, drawing on the research ideas and findings of scholars, and analyzing the omissions and shortcomings of their research logic and methodology, this essay aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the Foxconn incident. This paper finds that even though there are existing laws in China on the protection of workers' human rights, the judicial system does not adequately regulate this area, and the enforcement of existing laws is also inadequate, which can be attributed to the attitudes of enterprises, the actions of the government, and the development trends in society.
Policies and Legislations for Transgender Restrooms in Schools: Based on the Current Situation of China
Authors: Xu Jiao
Published: September 2024

In recent years, the protection of transgender rights has received more and more attention with the development of the times, but in China's education system, transgender rights are still an often overlooked content, and still lag behind in terms of legal framework and social acceptance. There is a lack of specific legislation for the needs of transgender people in educational settings, as well as the construction of facilities. For transgender students, the incomplete facilities of transgender toilets in Chinese schools have always been a problem for them. This paper explores the legislation of transgender toilet facilities for transgender students in Chinese schools, filling a critical gap in legal protection and social awareness. By highlighting the existing shortcomings in the Chinese legal system, this study highlights the urgent need for reforms to recognize and protect the rights of transgender students. In addition, the study advocates educational initiatives that promote understanding and acceptance of gender diversity. The significance of this study is to provide reference for policy changes to create a more inclusive educational environment.