bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Text Steganographic System Based on Word Length Entropy Rate
Authors: Akotoye Francis Xavier Kofi
Published: October 2017

The widespread adoption of electronic distribution of material is accompanied by illicit copying and distribution. This is why individuals, businesses and governments have come to think of how to protect their work, prevent such illicit activities and trace the distribution of a document. It is in this context that a lot of attention is being focused on steganography. Implementing steganography in text document is not an easy undertaking considering the fact that text document has very few places in which to embed hidden data. Any minute change introduced to text objects can easily be noticed thus attracting attention from possible hackers. This study investigates the possibility of embedding data in text document by employing the entropy rate of the constituent characters of words not less than four characters long. The scheme was used to embed bits in text according to the alphabetic structure of the words, the respective characters were compared with their neighbouring characters and if the first character was alphabetically lower than the succeeding character according to their ASCII codes, a zero bit was embedded otherwise 1 was embedded after the characters had been transposed. Before embedding, the secret message was encrypted with a secret key to add a layer of security to the secret message to be embedded, and then a pseudorandom number was generated from the word counts of the text which was used to paint the starting point of the embedding process. The embedding capacity of the scheme was relatively high compared with the space encoding and semantic method.
The Consciousness-Intelligence-Knowledge Pyramid: An 8x8 Layer Model
Authors: Drigas Athanasios S. , Pappas Marios A.
Published: October 2017

Cognitive and metacognitive skills are recognized and studied since antiquity. From the theory of Aristotle, according to which knowledge is product of the human mind and Platonic gnosiology and the theory of true knowledge, to the modern cognitive science, the question of how people acquire knowledge, has occupied a multitude of scientists. In this article we present a cognitive-based approach to the process of acquiring knowledge, we analyze the dominant theories of knowledge, theories of intelligence, as well as learning theories, and thus we propose an eight-layer pyramid of knowledge. We also analyze the cognitive processes and metacognitive skills required to get an individual to the highest layer of the knowledge pyramid.
Genetics and Hatchery Management: A Parentage-based Tagging Approach to Blueback Herring Conservation
Authors: Evans Heather K. , Carlson Kara B. , Wisser Russ , Raley Morgan E. , Potoka Katy M. , Dockendorf Kevin J.
Published: October 2017

Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis populations throughout the East Coast have declined precipitously since the late 1980s and were listed as a Species of Concern in 2006 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Natural resource agencies are attempting to restore this species to viable and sustainable levels with fry stockings cultured in hatcheries. To evaluate the long-term contribution of stockings to populations, agencies need an accurate method to track these stocking efforts. Genetic parentage-based tagging is recognized as a feasible means of assessing hatchery contribution of stocked fish to rivers of interest. However, Blueback Herring lack a reliable set of genetic markers to conduct parentage-based tagging. To this end, we analyzed previously described microsatellites as well as new microsatellite markers identified through NextGeneration sequencing to create a suite of 14 Blueback Herring markers useful for parentage-based tagging. The markers were successful in parentage analysis for Blueback Herring collected from the Chowan River, North Carolina. An additional challenge in the management of Blueback Herring is the ability to phenotypically distinguish Blueback Herring from the closely related Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus. Furthermore, recent studies provide evidence that these two species, collectively referred to as river herring, may be hybridizing with one another in some systems. Microsatellite marker AsaC334 can be utilized to discriminate between the two species, as well as to identify their F1 hybrids, thereby providing another genetic tool for hatchery management.
Large Mammal Use of Seminatural Grasslands and Implications for Aviation Strike Risk
Authors: Iglay Raymond B. , Schwarz Kristin B. , Belant Jerrold L. , Martin James A. , Wang Guiming , DeVault Travis L.
Published: October 2017

Large mammals pose a significant risk to U.S. aircraft safety within airport operation areas and cost airlines millions of dollars in repairs annually. Native warm-season grass polycultures and switchgrass monocultures offer alternative land covers for airports that could benefit current risk-mitigation efforts in addition to offering economic and environmental benefits. We compared use of a native warm-season grass polyculture and switchgrass Panicum virgatum monoculture by white-tailed deer (deer; Odocoileus virginianus) and coyote Canis latrans, using remote cameras in Mississippi, during 2011–2012. Coyotes and deer were observed 27% and 51% less in switchgrass monoculture than in native warm-season grass polyculture, respectively. However, November detections and cumulative hazard score demonstrated the greatest differences between treatments, especially for deer. Considering deer and coyotes are among the most hazardous mammal species to aircraft, switchgrass monocultures could be a better alternative land cover than native warm-season grass polycultures for some airport turf areas. Increased land coverage of switchgrass monocultures could benefit airport wildlife-hazard mitigation but needs validation by comparing alternative land covers to more traditional airport land covers.
Rheological Properties of Some Materials Used for Dental Impression
Authors: Vasiliu Mihaela Păpușa , Sachelarie Liliana , Romila Laura Ecaterina , Shardi Ardeshir , Stadoleanu Carmen , Tomita Daniela Ivona
Published: October 2017

The dimensional stability of dental impression materials is one of the variables that contribute to the accuracy or to the inexactitude of dentures. The rheological properties of several dental impression materials were determined by amplitude and frequency sweep tests. Deformation, storage modulus G’, loss modulus G” and complex viscosity η* were studied for each sample. Moreover, the texture, the stability of the shape, the capacity of distribution on different surfaces and the stability to storage for a long period of time were investigated. All these samples, characterized by a gel structure with G’>G”, are suitable as impression materials. Irreversible hydro-colloids) may be used for different kind of impressions because of their fidelity and elasticity; they also present medium time elasticity and may be easily prepared.
Transplantation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Experimental Bone Defect
Authors: Bachtiar Endang W. , Dewi Fatma S. , Yusuf Ahmad Aulia , Ulfiana Rahmi
Published: October 2017

This is preliminary study in order to investigate the effect of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on bone regeneration in an animal model. New Zealand rabbits were used as animal model. The critical defect was created in femoral bone and transplantation of DPSCs applied into bone defect. A colorimetric assay was used to detect ALP level in rabbit’s serum. Bone tissue regeneration was evaluated by histological analysis. In the 2nd week, the treated rabbit show increasing in the activity of ALP (157,925 μU) compared to control rabbit (155,361 μU). This increasing trend continues significantly in DPSCs rabbit (169.750 μU) compared to control rabbit (160.406) after 4 weeks. Histological evaluation revealed that the amount of bone lamellae and osteocytes were filled the defect area of DPSCs treated rabbit. Conclusions: Transplantation of DPSCs accelerating bone regeneration by raising ALP level and forming new bone tissue.
Electrical Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Mortar with Carbon Fibres
Authors: Rovnaník Pavel , Míková Maria , Kusák Ivo
Published: October 2017

Building materials with enhanced electrical properties gain the importance in the new field of applications such as self-sensing or self-heating materials. In this paper, 3 mm long carbon fibres were used as a conductive admixture to alkali-activated slag mortar in order to reduce its resistivity. The amount of carbon fibres was ranging from 0.5 to 4.0% of the slag mass and the effect of the conductive admixture on the mechanical properties, electrical impedance, specific conductivity, and microstructure of alkali-activated slag composite was investigated. Only 0.5% of carbon fibres caused a significant decrease in impedance of alkali-activated slag composite and the addition of 4% reduced the impedance by one order of magnitude for low AC frequencies. However, due to problematic dispersion and higher demand of mixing water, the mechanical properties were deteriorated, especially at higher content of carbon fibres.
Development and Research of Thermal-Acoustical Insulating Materials Based on Natural Fibres and Polylactide Binder
Authors: Stapulionienė Rūta , Vaitkus Saulius , Vėjelis Sigitas
Published: October 2017

Recently natural fibres are becoming more and more popular and their significance to the industry is increasing as well. In the last two decades, natural fibres are more widely used in the production of thermal–acoustical insulating materials. It was brought to attention that these fibrous materials have good thermal and acoustical properties in comparison to glass fibres. Also, the product, made from natural fibres, can be recycled for several times, and eventually, easily utilized, when it becomes non- recyclable. Therefore, in order to implement such innovative solutions in environmental and building sectors e.g. to install energetically effective thermal–acoustical insulation materials in building industry, scientific research is required. The object of this research is to produce fibrous composites made from natural fibres (hemp fibres and sheep wool waste) and binder of polylactide fibres, which are made from plant products – corn – by biotechnological method. In current research thermal conductivity and sound absorption coefficient of fibrous composites were determined. The microstructure of fibrous composites were investigated as well. The paper describes the manufacturing possibilities with regard to thermal–acoustical insulating materials based on hemp fibres and sheep wool waste from easily renewable material resources provided by the agriculture.
Influence of Degradation of Surface Layer of Light-Weighted Panels on its Sunray Absorptance
Authors: Šťastník Stanislav , Vala Jiří , Šot František , Majsniar Michal
Published: October 2017

Sandwich cladding panels, based on PUR, PIR or similar foams, are frequently used for insulation of all types of assembled industrial, store and sporting halls, as well as of commercial and administrative objects, namely for those with controlled interior temperature, and represent an advanced and modern building element. However, favourable properties of such panels are limited by the long-time degradation of the coating layer, caused by various climatic influences, as intensive sun radiation, wind, rain, frost etc., resulting in the modification of surface emissivity. Increased thermal absorptance of panels can be observed namely on south-oriented walls. This paper pays attention to the surface treatment of panels, comparing their physical emissivity in the range of wavelengths of sunrays, depending on the measure of their degradation, due to the amount of absorbed sun radiation. The significance of such influence is quantified, utilizing the well-considered measurement methodology.
High Strength Concrete with Enhanced Properties by Addition of Chopped Basalt Fibres
Authors: Nováková Iveta , Bodnárová Lenka
Published: October 2017

Use of high strength concrete (HSC) becoming inevitable in case of modern structures, which require application of advanced materials. High strength of concrete can be reached by higher dose of cement or addition of various kinds of fibres as a dispersed reinforcement. In practice are most commonly used steel, glass and polypropylene fibres, but basalt fibres are still under investigation. Basalt is highly resistance to aggressive chemicals and stable in high temperatures in comparison to other materials used for dispersed reinforcement.
This study focuses on use of chopped basalt fibres in purpose to enhance properties of harden concrete. Six mixes with various dose of cement and chopped basalt fibres were designed for evaluation of properties of fresh and hardened concrete. As it was expected, chopped basalt fibres have negative influence on workability of fresh concrete but in comparison to other types of fibres the decrease is not that dramatic. Test results indicate increase of compressive strength after 28 days and even higher gain of strength after 90 days in case of mixes with addition of chopped basalt fibres. Reduction of strength due to exposure to 400 and 800 °C is also evaluated and in case of 400 °C temperature exposure the results are very promising.
Effect of Aggregate Type on Properties of Natural Hydraulic Lime-Based Mortars
Authors: Vyšvařil Martin , Žižlavský Tomáš , Zimmermann Štěpán , Bayer Patrik
Published: October 2017

In the current restoration practice, the mortars based on aerial or hydraulic lime with siliceous aggregate are used on repair / reconstruction of historical plasters. The resulting properties of lime mortars do not depend only on the type of aggregate, but also on its contamination, origin and a degree of hardening. For this reason, it is needed to know a detailed characteristic of the aggregate and the results obtained for the particular aggregate cannot be generally applied for the similar type of aggregate. This work presents the applicability of Czech local crushed limestone aggregate and limestone fines as a filler to natural hydraulic lime-based mortars. The role of aggregate and limestone fines on the properties of mortars is examined by comparing the mechanical strengths, porosity and frost resistance of the mortars with pure quartz sand and limestone aggregate and its quantity in the mortar. It was found that the limestone aggregate has produced lower strengths, higher total porosity of natural hydraulic lime-based mortars. It has resulted in low frost resistance of the mortars.
Comparison of Mineralogical Changes during Thermal Processing of Limestones
Authors: Dolák Dušan , Dvořák Karel , Bureš Jaroslav , Gazdič Dominik
Published: October 2017

Thermal treatment of materials involves phase transformations. In the case of conventional laboratory furnace or in an industrial process, the samples are analysed after cooling. In this way, these phases can be monitored. A possible solution is non-ambient XRD analysis. Using HT-XRD analysis, it is possible to monitor the mineralogical composition at different temperatures in real time. The results of measurements on chemically precipitated limestone and limestone from the Cretaceous era show slight differences in temperature of decarbonation, but not clearly demonstrated the presence of unstable phases. This measurement, however, allowed the observation of a change in the size of the crystallites in the change of temperature.
Nanoadditives - Future of High Performance Concrete
Authors: Labaj Martin , Válek Jaroslav , Jarolím Tomáš , Osuská Lucia
Published: October 2017

These days it is almost impossible to imagine the technology of high performance concrete without the use of any kind of additive. Whether it is a material capable of achieving high strength, excellent mobility of the fresh mix without losing cohesion or producing high quality architectural concrete surface, microadditives have their certain place for a long time now. Although the research in this field still has something to offer, it does not hurt to try to consider the future and imagine the path that will be taken in the production of high performance concrete of next generation. The article deals with the possibility of using nanoparticles in concrete technology. These materials can actively participate in the creation of very high-quality cement stone. In addition, due to the extreme reactivity of nanoparticles, these reactions can take place almost immediately after the onset of hydration and during its first hours. The experimental part of the paper assesses the impact of nanoparticles on selected properties of fresh cement paste and hardened cement mortar. In all cases, there was a positive effect and it has been demonstrated that nanoparticles may eventually create a new category of high performance concrete additives.
The Assessment of High-Temperature Degraded Concrete Specimens of Different Mixtures by Acoustic Emission Method during Three-Point Bending Test and Pulse Velocity Method in Comparison with Destructive Tests
Authors: Topolář Libor , Dvořák Richard , Pazdera Lubos
Published: October 2017

One of the advantages of concrete over other building materials is its inherent fire-resistive properties. The concrete structural components still must be able to withstand dead and live loads without collapse even though the rise in temperature causes a decrease in the strength and modulus of elasticity for concrete and steel reinforcement. In addition, fully developed fires cause expansion of structural components and the resulting stresses and strains must be resisted. This paper reports the results of measurements by Acoustic Emission method during three-point bending test on concrete specimens. The Acoustic emission method is a non-destructive technique used widely for structural health monitoring purposes of structures. The sensors are mounted by beeswax on the surface of the material or structure to record the motion of the surface under the elastic excitation of the cracking sources. The concrete specimens were heated in a programmable laboratory furnace at a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The specimens were loaded at six temperatures, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C, 1000 °C, and 1200 °C maintained for 60 minutes. The results are obtained in the laboratory.
Lightweight Aggregate Produced with Cold-Bonding of Fly Ash and Binder
Authors: Černý Vit , Melichar Jindřich , Magdaléna Magdaléna
Published: October 2017

Main object of this paper are results of ash usage in order to create artificial aggregates. Ashes are mineral residue of coal burning in thermal power stations. Fly ashes (high temperature ashes) are highly used in practice as supplement of cement and silicate components of silica materials. FBC ashes are not used such great scale. They can be used for restoration, mounds or for example also for production of ash autoclaved aerated concrete. [1] Production of artificial aggregate from sintered ash is possible mainly because of the fly ashes. [2] Focus of this paper is to compare various types of ashes for lightweight aggregate produced with cold-bonding. Apart from the fly ashes and FBC ashes are also tested bottom ashes from FBC technology. From the results could be assumed, that bottom ashes compared to their granularity could be used only very hardly. Fly ashes splendidly react with cement and reach higher strengths. But they need more than 10 % of binder in order to reach quality results. FBC ashes better cooperate with quicklime, but in order to reach suitable parameters they need smaller portion of binder.
Buckling of Eccentrically Loaded Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Arda Mustafa , Aydogdu Metin
Published: October 2017

In the present study, buckling of eccentrically loaded nanobeams in which the load is not applied at the centroid of cross section, has been studied. Eringen’s Nonlocal Elasticity Theory has been used in the formulation of governing equation of motion of the nanobeam. Simply supported and free boundary conditions for nanobeam have been taken consideration. The effect of nonlocal parameter, eccentricity of the load, nanobeam length on the buckling deflection and critical buckling load on nanobeam have been investigated. Present results can be useful in the design of nano-structures.
Extraction and Characterization of Collagen Obtained from Collagen-Containing Wastes of the Leather Industry
Authors: Savchuk Oleksii , Raksha Nataliia , Ostapchenko Lydmila , Mokrousova Olena , Andreyeva Olga
Published: October 2017

The study presents the extraction of collagen, a product of high value, from fleshings form hides. After testing several collagen extraction procedures we have proposed the simple and effective method to extract collagen from collagen-containing wastes of the leather industry. The unified method is based on the extraction of collagen using acetic acid in the presence of EDTA and included two repeated extraction stages. Qualitative analysis of the collagen using the disk-electrophoresis method showed a different ratio of monomers, dimers and other proteins.
Prediction of Abrasive Erosion Impact Wear of Composite Hardfacings
Authors: Kulu Priit , Casesnoves Fransisco , Simson Taavi , Tarbe Riho
Published: October 2017

In this paper an attempt is made to use in wear prediction besides the wear from plastic and brittle components also fatigue fracture component. As example, WC-Co hardmetal reinforced composite hardfacing wear at abrasive impact erosion wear conditions was calculated at low and high impact energy, accountig microcutting with surface fatigue for the wear of matrix and brittle fracture, surface fatigue and plastic deformation for the wear of reinforcement. Calculated wear rates are compared with data obtained from experimental tests. The obtained results show that the used surface fatigue wear model is not applicable in the current case; the recommendations for the further improvement of the model are issued.
Dependance of Wear of Cu-Cr-S Alloy on Hardness and Electrical Conductivity in Sliding Electrical Contact
Authors: Kommel Lembit , Baroninš Janis
Published: October 2017

Wear of material in unlubricated sliding type electrical contact (e.g. contact wires for trolleys and rotor materials in electric engines and current generators) is one of the main failure causing modes of copper (Cu)-based alloys. High electrical conductivity, high tensile strength, suitable hardness and wear resistance under such conditions should be provided. In a present paper required properties of dispersion-hardened Cu-based electrical conductive alloy (Cu-0.68 wt. % Cr-0.02 wt. % S) were obtained by equal-channel angular press treatment with following six press treatments by Bc route and suitable heat treatment. The wear tests were carried out in unlubricated sliding pair with graphite disk. Optimal properties were reached after annealing at 450 °C for 1 h, exhibiting a lowest wear rate (~1.9268·10-9 g·m-1), high electrical conductivity (up to 95 % IACS) and Vickers microhardness up to 1.7 GPa, respectively.
Surface Energetic Characteristics of Wood-Polymer Composites, Containing a Valorised Hardwood By-Product
Authors: Jaunslavietis Jevgenijs , Shulga Galia , Ozolins Jurijs , Neiberte Brigita , Verovkins Anrijs , Vitolina Sanita , Shakels Vadims
Published: October 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the surface energetic characteristics of wood-polymer composites (WPCs) based on recycled polypropylene (rPP) filled with ammoxidised lignocellulosic microparticles, obtained from aspen sawdust, a by-product of a Latvian company. The aspen sawdust, pre-hydrolysed in acidic medium, was treated with a reaction mixture of ammonium persulphate and NH4OH solution at their defined mass ratio during 120 h. The content of the introduced nitrogen was varied from 1,05 to 2,10%. It was found that the ammoxidation that was accompanied with the formation of amide linkages and the decrease of the hemicelluloses content enhanced the contact angles, decreased the work of adhesion and reduced the surface free energy of the WPC samples in comparison with the case of the composite filled with the initial sawdust. The valorisation of the wood particles increased their wettability towards the recycled polypropylene that had a positive effect on the WPC samples’ mechanical properties.
Analysis of Pigment Process and Production Techniques for Use in Nail Polish Systems
Authors: Grigale-Soročina Zane , Birks Ingmārs , Kalniņš Mārtiņš
Published: October 2017

This report explores two key manufacturing processes, and assesses multiple parameters for optimization of these processes. High shear dispersion using a rotor-stator style homogenizer and high-energy grinding using a basket type mill with zirconium balls as the grinding media were studied. The variation between grinding organic and inorganic pigments was assessed as they give different challenges and require different operations to produce successful results. Obtaining the correct particle size distribution of pigments for decorative coatings is of paramount importance for achieving a high quality, functioning, aesthetically pleasing finished product. This analysis will explore the de-agglomeration and dispersion of inorganic TiO2 and organic Red 6 pigments using basket milling technology. High energy basket mill grinding produced the smallest particle size and smallest particle size distribution comparing with high shear dispersion. Used technology allowed to achieve inorganic pigment TiO2 particle size and particle size distribution suitable for use in coatings on natural nails. For organic pigment Red 6 used technology should be customized.
Some Exploitation Properties of Wood Plastic Composites Based on Recycled High Density Polyethylene and Plywood Production Residues
Authors: Kajaks Janis , Kalnins Karlis , Zagorska Anita , Matvejs Juris
Published: October 2017

One type of birch wood plywood by-product: plywood sanding dust (PSD) and recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) composites physical mechanical properties (tensile, flexural strength and modulus, impact strength and microhardness), water resistance and fluidity of the composite melts, were evaluated. These studies showed the possibility of the usage of presented by-product as an excellent reinforcement for recycled high density polyethylene matrix. It was observed that the modulus of the tensile for unmodified rHDPE+PSD composites increased up to 2.3 times, the modulus of flexural till 4 times, but the microhardness only 1.4 times. Optimal content of the PSD in recycled high density polyethylene composites could be 50 wt. %. As a coupling agent, the maleated polyethylene (MAPE) for modifying of the rHDPE+50 wt. % PSD composite was used. Due to the MAPE additives, the improvement (30-50 %) of the investigated exploitation properties was observed, but in comparison with unmodified composites the resistance of water increased up to 3.0 times. Optimal content of MAPE in rHDPE+50 wt. % PSD composition could be 3 wt.%.
Digital information resources preferences and evaluation criteria used by the final year engineering undergraduates: a case study
Authors: Wijetunge Pradeepa , Peiris Neetha Damayanthi
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this paper is to present one aspect of the findings of a major study carried out to assess the information seeking and research strategies of the undergraduates of University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka and the paper serves four objectives; 1) to explore the student‟s preferences of information resources, 2) to identify the criteria they use to evaluate the digital information sources, 3) to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of their information seeking practices and 4) to make appropriate recommendations to strengthen their information seeking practices. A stratified random sample of second, third and fourth year undergraduates were considered for the main survey and accordingly 10% (40 students) of the final year students of the Faculty of Engineering were considered for this paper. Head and Eisenberg‟s (2009) survey instrument was used to gather data. Findings established that the final year engineering students rely more on search engines, Wikipedia and classmates while scholarly databases are used only by a smaller percentage. It was established that the engineering students have higher preference for some digital resources than the other types of resources. In using evaluation criteria they predominantly use self-taught methods instead of traditional reliable methods. It could be inferred that they encounter problems in selecting the most appropriate digital information resources for their academic research. The study further established that majority of the engineering students have not received any formal training in searching or evaluating of digital resources. They have commented that it would be beneficial to have training in the use of library and internet resources. The present study fills the gap in research about the information seeking behavior of engineering undergraduates of University of Peradeniya and it will contribute to the global body of literature in this aspect. It is also expected that the findings will underpin the development of future information literacy programs to be offered through the library.
Systematic reviews: significance of search strategy
Authors: Perera P. A. S. H.
Published: October 2017

Systematic reviews are yet to evolve in Sri Lanka despite its widespread use in developed countries. A systematic review (SR) is a literature review which aims to address a specific research question and follow scientific methodology with a pre-defined protocol. It is conducted by a team of reviewers. In most of the developed countries where evidence-based practice is desired, findings of SRs have been used as an aid for developing policy and guidelines in social sciences and healthcare. The procedure of SRs is a set of scientific methods; systematic, comprehensive and rigorous. Searching for ALL relevant literature for inclusion in a SR is an integral part of the procedure which requires expertise and skills in information retrieval. With recent advances in standards, guidelines and methodology of SRs, the construction of search strategy to locate all relevant literature/studies has become a challenging task for review authors. Need for support from information specialist has been recognized in this exercise, thus creating a significant role for library professionals to play in the search process of systematic reviews. The aim of this article is to provide the local LIS community with an introduction to SRs and to discuss briefly the significance of the search strategy in locating the studies in a SR process.
The trend on usage of ICT based modern library and information service facilities: a case study at Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
Authors: Thusithakumari W. M.
Published: October 2017

Technological applications have transformed the roles of academic libraries and they provide “higher-end-support” and play key role reforming education in academic institutions in the blooming information society. The paper will focus particularly on ICT based library service facilities and the usage of those facilities in the library. The objectives of this study were to identify the usage of the modern facilities of the main library, to find out the trend of users information seeking behavior in ICT based library facilities and to reveal the major reasons of using ICT based modern facility area of the main library, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka (WUSL). The case study was carried out gathering data on the statistics of the usage of ICT based modern library and information service facilities. The data were collected for the period from 2010 to 2015 as the application of ICT into library service is still in primary stage. The study found that the usage of modern facility area has gone up significantly more than the latter part of the period. The undergraduate students’ trend was to access the modern facilities in the library as the way of building bridges for fulfilling their information needs. The usage of the library has recognized the ICT as fast information generated source. So, the existing space should be expanded and increased number of access points with infrastructure facilities for activating expected targets. In addition to that the library must move and focus by creating good relationship with user community and adopt information management skills in order to provide sustainable library and information services to achieve academic mission of the university.
Information & Communication Technology (ICT) education in universities and its relevance to job market: perspectives from university and industry employers in Sri Lanka
Authors: Samaradiwakara G. D. M. N. , Gunawardena Chandra
Published: October 2017

Higher education in Sri Lanka has captured ICT in a large degree to create technologically sound graduates who can effectively face to the challenges in this rapidly changing job market demands with technology advancement. However, literature reveals that ICT adoption has not been taken place among university students to achieve the concern. These circumstances constitute why undergraduates do not use ICT up to the desired level. Therefore, this study aims to explore the present situation regarding ICT in universities and the job market, identifying necessity of ICT skills and the factors affecting to use ICT and strategies to promote using ICT in universities. The study followed the phenomenological approach using qualitative paradigm through semi structured interviews and focus group discussions. Altogether 24 semi structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted at the four selected universities and various other fields. The data was analyzed using thematic content analytical techniques. Results revealed that the basic ICT is an essential component for today’s job market and advanced ICT skills cause to have higher positions. Universities were making efforts to make graduates ICT literate by enhancing their facilities, resources and courses. To receive benefits using ICT, as lecturers believe that students should use ICT, ease related to ICT, availability of more infrastructure facilities, community to which students belong, prior ICT experience, gender, subject streams and the university belong were the main factors identified for using ICT. The strategies to promote using ICT in universities were to enhance the ICT environment of universities including infrastructure, staff and courses, to promote ICT based education, and to form strategic plans to force students to make full use of ICT in universities. It is recommended that the strategies brought up the interviewees could be implemented at university level to improve the ICT education.
Status of university library automation in Sri Lanka: a survey
Authors: Malkanthi D. G. A. S.
Published: October 2017

The automation in libraries has changed the development of the library services. It has changed the library's day to day activities and its functionality in to a speedy process. Patrons do not need to visit each and every section or shelf to find information instead they need just sit in front of a computer with internet. This article will discuss about the status of automation through findings of a survey. The objectives of this study are to identify the status of university library automation in Sri Lanka and identify the problems associated with current automation process and thereby provide effective suggestions to overcome the existing problems. Fifteen (15) main university libraries and 18 faculty libraries were selected other than departmental and institutional libraries. Questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the sample. It was found that (35%) of libraries operated successfully with automated systems. (18%) of libraries had considerably appropriate automated system. Moderately acceptable level of automation process is existing among 37% of the libraries. Ten percent of libraries were poor in executing the automated system. Because of obstacles, some university libraries are far behind from leading universities. To overcome the issues and challenges, the government should endorse providing financial aid and other facilities. Universities also should have plans with a proper vision to achieve realistic goals in future.
Revisiting the Road Map of Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Differentiation
Authors: Michel Chloé , Miller Corey N. , Küchler Rita , Brors Benedikt , Anderson Mark S. , Kyewski Bruno , Pinto Sheena
Published: October 2017

The basic two-step terminal differentiation model of the medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC) lineage from immature MHC class II (MHCII)lo to mature MHCIIhi mTECs has recently been extended to include a third stage, namely the post-Aire MHCIIlo subset as identified by lineage-tracing models. However, a suitable surface marker distinguishing the phenotypically overlapping pre- from the post-Aire MHCIIlo stage has been lacking. In this study, we introduce the lectin Tetragonolobus purpureas agglutinin (TPA) as a novel cell surface marker that allows for such delineation. Based on our data, we derived the following sequence of mTEC differentiation: TPAloMHCIIlo → TPAloMHCIIhi → TPAhiMHCIIhi → TPAhiMHCIIlo. Surprisingly, in the steady-state postnatal thymus TPAloMHCIIlo pre-Aire rather than terminally differentiated post-Aire TPAhiMHCIIlo mTECs were marked for apoptosis at an exceptionally high rate of ∼70%. Hence, only the minor cycling fraction of the MHCIIlo subset (<20%) potentially qualified as mTEC precursors. FoxN1 expression inversely correlated with the fraction of slow cycling and apoptotic cells within the four TPA subsets. TPA also further subdivided human mTECs, although with different subset distribution. Our revised road map emphazises close parallels of terminal mTEC development with that of skin, undergoing an alternative route of cell death, namely cornification rather than apoptosis. The high rate of apoptosis in pre-Aire MHCIIlo mTECs points to a “quality control” step during early mTEC differentiation.
Loss of NLRX1 Exacerbates Neural Tissue Damage and NF-κB Signaling following Brain Injury
Authors: Theus Michelle H. , Brickler Thomas , Meza Armand L. , Coutermarsh-Ott Sheryl , Hazy Amanda , Gris Denis , Allen Irving C.
Published: October 2017

Traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury results from severe disruptions in the cellular microenvironment leading to massive loss of neuronal populations and increased neuroinflammation. The progressive cascade of secondary events, including ischemia, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and free-radical release, contribute to neural tissue damage. NLRX1 is a member of the NLR family of pattern recognition receptors and is a potent negative regulator of several pathways that significantly modulate many of these events. Thus, we hypothesized that NLRX1 limits immune system signaling in the brain following trauma. To evaluate this hypothesis, we used Nlrx1−/− mice in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury murine model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this article, we show that Nlrx1−/− mice exhibited significantly larger brain lesions and increased motor deficits following CCI injury. Mechanistically, our data indicate that the NF-κB signaling cascade is significantly upregulated in Nlrx1−/− animals. This upregulation is associated with increased microglia and macrophage populations in the cortical lesion. Using a mouse neuroblastoma cell line (N2A), we also found that NLRX1 significantly reduced apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. In human patients, we identify 15 NLRs that are significantly dysregulated, including significant downregulation of NLRX1 in brain injury following aneurysm. We further demonstrate a concurrent increase in NF-κB signaling that is correlated with aneurysm severity in these human subjects. Together, our data extend the function of NLRX1 beyond its currently characterized role in host–pathogen defense and identify this highly novel NLR as a significant modulator of brain injury progression.
DNA Vaccination by Electroporation Amplifies Broadly Cross-Restricted Public TCR Clonotypes Shared with HIV Controllers
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Madhura , Galperin Moran , Patgaonkar Mandar , Vasan Sandhya , Ho David D. , Nouël Alexandre , Claireaux Mathieu , Benati Daniela , Lambotte Olivier , Huang Yaoxing , Chakrabarti Lisa A.
Published: October 2017

Rare patients who spontaneously control HIV replication provide a useful model to inform HIV vaccine development. HIV controllers develop particularly efficient antiviral CD4+ T cell responses mediated by shared high-affinity TCRs. To determine whether the candidate DNA vaccine ADVAX could induce similar responses, we analyzed Gag-specific primary CD4+ T cells from healthy volunteers who received ADVAX DNA by electroporation. Vaccinated volunteers had an immunodominant response to the Gag293 epitope with a functional avidity intermediate between that of controllers and treated patients. The TCR repertoire of Gag293-specific CD4+ T cells proved highly biased, with a predominant usage of the TCRβ variable gene 2 (TRBV2) in vaccinees as well as controllers. TCRα variable gene (TRAV) gene usage was more diverse, with the dominance of TRAV29 over TRAV24 genes in vaccinees, whereas TRAV24 predominated in controllers. Sequence analysis revealed an unexpected degree of overlap between the specific repertoires of vaccinees and controllers, with the sharing of TRAV24 and TRBV2 public motifs (>30%) and of public clonotypes characteristic of high-affinity TCRs. MHC class II tetramer binding revealed a broad HLA-DR cross-restriction, explaining how Gag293-specific public clonotypes could be selected in individuals with diverse genetic backgrounds. TRAV29 clonotypes also proved cross-restricted, but conferred responses of lower functional avidity upon TCR transfer. In conclusion, DNA vaccination by electroporation primed for TCR clonotypes that were associated with HIV control, highlighting the potential of this vaccine delivery method. To our knowledge, this study provides the first proof-of-concept that clonotypic analysis may be used as a tool to monitor the quality of vaccine-induced responses and modulate these toward “controller-like” responses.
An unusual case of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa fungaemia in a cancer patient
Authors: Granero Valentino , Peyronel Elvio , Mensa Nicoletta , Liuzzi Nicola , Costa Cristina , Cavallo Maria Rita
Published: October 2017

Rhodotorula is emerging as a relevant cause of nosocomial and opportunistic infections. Herein, we present a case of fungaemia due to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in a cancer patient with lumbosacral stimulator for herniated disc with unfavourable outcome. The patient was hospitalized for twenty days during which he underwent various diagnostic tests before discovering the presence of colon cancer. At day 16 of hospitalization, a bloodstream infection due to R. mucilaginosa with an antimycogram profile resistant to fluconazole occurred. It is emphasized the need for the rapid and correct identification of R. mucilaginosa in order to set up as fast as possible a pathogen driven therapy, in particular in the immunocompromised subjects.
Rapid detection of cryptococcal antigen by a flow assay
Authors: Bargiggia Graziano , Corbellini Silvia , Ortalli Gaia , Moioli Fausto , Farina Claudio
Published: October 2017

Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii. Tests for quick detection of the cryptococcal antigen are needed. This study compares the performance of a lateral flow assay (LFA) to the latex agglutination method. Thirty-five cryopreserved positive samples (sera and cerebrospinal fluids) plus three negative sera for control have been examined. LFA does not need high-temperature incubation or enzyme pre-treatment. All the results, except for one serum, agree with previous obtained with latex agglutination method. LFA has an important clinical utility for its rapidity and sensitivity, and it also can be used as a point-of-care test.
Parvovirus B19: recent insights and implications for pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Gallinella Giorgio
Published: October 2017

Parvovirus B19 is a human pathogenic virus, a ssDNA member of the family Parvoviridae, characterized by a selective tropism for erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) in the bone marrow and an ample pathogenetic potential. The selective tropism for EPCs can be explained both in terms of receptor-mediated tropism and of an intracellular permissive environment conditioned by the cell differentiation and proliferation stage. Infection of EPCs is productive, induces apoptosis and leads to a temporary arrest of erythropoiesis, which can usually be manifest in cases of underlying erythropoietic disorders or immune system deficiencies. Endothelial cells constitute an additional diffuse target, whose infection is mediated by ADE phenomenon, but is normally nonproductive and mainly leading to inflammatory processes. The relevance of parvovirus as a cardiotropic virus is recently emerging, while its capability of intrauterine transmission and consequences on the fetus is known and should not be overlooked. To the purpose of diagnosis, a combination of molecular and immunological methods offers the best discrimination of active infectious processes, and an application of these methods especially in cases of atypical presentations should be encouraged. Ongoing research is directed towards the development of a vaccine and the discovery of antiviral drugs that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of parvovirus B19 infections.
Atmospheric Concentrations of Captan and Folpet in the Lower Fraser Valley Agricultural Region of Canada
Authors: Raina R. , Belzer Wayne , Jones Keith
Published: October 2017

Two N-trihalomethylthio fungicides were detected in the atmosphere in the Lower Fraser Valley agricultural region of Canada. Captan was detected in both the particle and gas phase with a dominant particle phase fraction observed in both 2005 and 2006 (only total captan atmospheric concentrations were available for 2004). This provides the first evidence of particle transport as a significant atmospheric transport pathway for captan in an agricultural region in Canada. Weekly captan air concentrations reached maximum levels of 13.2 ng m-3 in June 2006, while for folpet total atmospheric levels were lower with maximum reaching 1.7 ng m-3 in August 2004 and generally <1 ng m3 in 2005 and 2006. Folpet is detected in the atmosphere although not previously reported in usage inventories. In the three years examined (2004-2006) captan concentrations observed a seasonal maximum in atmospheric concentrations during spring to early summer coinciding with expected peak usage period on crops in the Lower Fraser Valley agricultural region located in British Columbia, Canada. No usage data is available in Canada beyond 2003 but these seasonal trends show that captan remains a dominant pesticide used in this agricultural region with no decline in atmospheric concentrations during 2004-2006.