bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body composition changes and clinical outcomes in pediatric cystic fibrosis during 24 months of lumacaftor ivacaftor therapy based on real-world data
Authors: Imrei Marcell , Kéri Adrienn F. , Gács Éva , Gönczi Ildikó , Meláth Melinda , Kosaras Éva , Demeter Botond , Péterfia Csaba , Vass Klára , Székely Gyöngyi , Ocskay Klementina , Párniczky Andrea
Published: January 2025

Clinical trials demonstrate the short-term efficacy of dual CFTR modulators, but long-term real-world data is limited. We aimed to investigate the effects of 24-month lumacaftor/ivacaftor (LUM/IVA) therapy in pediatric CF patients (pwCF). This observational study included pwCF homozygous for F508del mutation treated between 2021 and 2023. We report data for the first 24 months from therapy initiation. Variables were analyzed separately for ages 2–5, 6–11, and over 12. Data from 49 pwCF (median age: 9.3 years (5.5–14.2)) showed that ppFEV1 values after a transient increase at 12 months, decreased from 102% (82–114) at baseline to 87% (74–96) at 24 months. The decrease was more pronounced with higher initial ppFEV1. Median sweat chloride concentration decreased from 75 mmol/L (69–82) to 57 mmol/L (43–70) without any association with respiratory function change. Median BMI z-score increased from − 0.81 (− 1.37–0.49) to − 0.39 (− 0.88 to  − 0.04) (p = 0.288), and the proportion of underweight and overweight children decreased. Skeletal muscle mass remained stable, while fat mass significantly increased (p = 0.011). Fecal elastase levels improved, especially among younger patients. These findings underscore the potential benefits of early initiation of CFTR modulator therapy in pediatric CF patients, highlighting improvements in nutritional status and pancreatic function.
Multi-faceted examination of a deepwater seamount reveals ecological patterns among coral and sponge communities in the equatorial Pacific
Authors: Kennedy Brian RC , Auscavitch Steven , Shank Timothy M. , Sartor Constance , Tennaba Anameere , Weinnig Alexis M. , Rotjan Randi D.
Published: January 2025

Spatial changes in benthic community structure have been observed across natural gradients in deep-sea ecosystems, but these patterns remain under-sampled on seamounts. Here, we identify the spatial composition and distribution of coral and sponge taxa on four sides of a single central Pacific equatorial “model” seamount within the US EEZ surrounding the Howland and Baker unit of the Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument. This seamount rises from 5,000 + m to mesophotic depths of 196 m, and is influenced by the Equatorial Undercurrent. Four remotely operated vehicle (ROV) transects were completed, one on each flank of the seamount. Shallower than ~ 250 m, the mesophotic seafloor was composed of scoured carbonate pavement with sediment accumulation only found in rocky depressions. Waters below 500 m hosted communities predominantly composed of octocorals, however, several coral taxa showed seamount flank preference (higher abundance on one or more flanks than the others) even though strong vertical (depth) zonation of corals and sponges was observed on all flanks. Euplectellidae, Plexauridae and ​​Chrysogorgia spp. corals each showed a distinct preference for flank. To help visualize the influence of current flow, oxygen, depth, and substrate type on the zonation of seamounts, we created an Alexander Von Humboldt-style infographic to illustrate the observed biodiversity patterns. Given the importance of seamounts to ocean biodiversity and productivity, this study is an early attempt at a holistic visualization of seamount biology that can advance new hypotheses about seamount ecology.
Prediction of post-treatment recurrence in early-stage breast cancer using deep-learning with mid-infrared chemical histopathological imaging
Authors: Keogan Abigail , Nguyen Thi Nguyet Que , Bouzy Pascaline , Stone Nicholas , Jirstrom Karin , Rahman Arman , Gallagher William M. , Meade Aidan D.
Published: January 2025

Predicting long-term recurrence of disease in breast cancer (BC) patients remains a significant challenge for patients with early stage disease who are at low to intermediate risk of relapse as determined using current clinical tools. Prognostic assays which utilize bulk transcriptomics ignore the spatial context of the cellular material and are, therefore, of limited value in the development of mechanistic models. In this study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) chemical images of BC tissue were used to train deep learning models to predict future disease recurrence. A number of deep learning models were employed, with champion models employing two-dimensional and two-dimensional-separable convolutional networks found to have predictive performance of a ROC AUC of approximately 0.64, which compares well to other clinically used prognostic assays in this space. All-digital chemical imaging may therefore provide a label-free platform for histopathological prognosis in breast cancer, opening new horizons for future deployment of these technologies.
The active layer soils of Greenlandic permafrost areas can function as important sinks for volatile organic compounds
Authors: Jiao Yi , Kramshøj Magnus , Davie-Martin Cleo L. , Elberling Bo , Rinnan Riikka
Published: January 2025

Permafrost is a considerable carbon reservoir harboring up to 1700 petagrams of carbon accumulated over millennia, which can be mobilized as permafrost thaws under global warming. Recent studies have highlighted that a fraction of this carbon can be transformed to atmospheric volatile organic compounds, which can affect the atmospheric oxidizing capacity and contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols. In this study, active layer soils from the seasonally unfrozen layer above the permafrost were collected from two distinct locations of the Greenlandic permafrost and incubated to explore their roles in the soil-atmosphere exchange of volatile organic compounds. Results show that these soils can actively function as sinks of these compounds, despite their different physiochemical properties. Upper active layer possessed relatively higher uptake capacities; factors including soil moisture, organic matter, and microbial biomass carbon were identified as the main factors correlating with the uptake rates. Additionally, uptake coefficients for several compounds were calculated for their potential use in future model development. Correlation analysis and the varying coefficients indicate that the sink was likely biotic. The development of a deeper active layer under climate change may enhance the sink capacity and reduce the net emissions of volatile organic compounds from permafrost thaw.
SLC13A2 promotes hepatocyte metabolic remodeling and liver regeneration by enhancing de novo cholesterol biosynthesis
Authors: Shi Li , Chen Hao , Zhang Yuxin , An Donghao , Qin Mengyao , Yu Wanting , Wen Bin , He Dandan , Hao Haiping , Xiong Jing
Published: January 2025

Metabolic requirements of dividing hepatocytes are prerequisite for liver regeneration after injury. In contrast to transcriptional dynamics during liver repair, its metabolic dependencies remain poorly defined. Here, we screened metabolic genes differentially regulated during liver regeneration, and report that SLC13A2, a transporter for TCA cycle intermediates, is decreased in rapid response to partial hepatectomy in mice and recovered along restoration of liver mass and function. Liver-specific overexpression or depletion of SLC13A2 promoted or attenuated liver regeneration, respectively. SLC13A2 increased cleavage of SREBP2, and expression of cholesterol metabolism genes, including LDLR and HMGCR. Mechanistically, SLC13A2 promotes import of citrate into hepatocytes, serving as building block for ACLY-dependent acetyl-CoA formation and de novo synthesis of cholesterol. In line, the pre-administration of the HMGCR inhibitor lovastatin abolished SLC13A2-mediated liver regeneration. Similarly, ACLY inhibition suppressed SLC13A2-promoted cholesterol synthesis for hepatocellular proliferation and liver regeneration in vivo. In sum, this study demonstrates that citrate transported by SLC13A2 acts as an intermediate metabolite to restore the metabolic homeostasis during liver regeneration, suggesting SLC13A2 as a potential drug target after liver damage.
Single-atom nanozymes with intelligent response to pathological microenvironments for bacterially infected wound healing
Authors: Wan Zhen , Liu Qingshan , Zhe Yadong , Li Jiarong , Ding Danqi , Liu Shuangjie , Wang Hao , Qiao Huanhuan , Yang Jiang , Zhang Shaofang , Mu Xiaoyu
Published: January 2025

MN4 single-atom nanozymes were synthesized and exhibited multi-enzymatic activities that promote infected wound healing by suppressing the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, improving angiogenesis, and enhancing collagen deposition.
Carbon quantum dot-anchored polyaniline on electrospun carbon nanofibers as freestanding electrodes for symmetric solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Zou Yunwei , Bu Yan , Zhou Xuejiao , Hu Mingqi , Zhang Mingyi
Published: January 2025

A CQD-anchored freestanding electrode demonstrates excellent cycling stability, primarily due to the robust PANI/CQD heterostructure formed via chemical bonding.
Enhancing the luminescence intensity of Eu3+-activated NaYb(MoO4)2 phosphors through bismuth doping: Judd–Ofelt analysis, lighting, and temperature-sensing applications
Authors: Bahrouni Yosra , Kachou Ikhlas , Saidi Kamel , Kallel Tarak , Dammak Mohamed , Mediavilla Irene , Jiménez Juan
Published: January 2025

In this work, we investigate the impact of Bi3+ doping on the luminescence properties of Eu3+-activated NaYb(MoO4)2 phosphors synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction method.
Prodrugs and their activation mechanisms for brain drug delivery
Authors: Lillethorup Ida Aaberg , Hemmingsen Andreas Victor , Qvortrup Katrine
Published: January 2025

Prodrugs are masked drugs that first become pharmacologically active after undergoing a structural change in vivo.
Application of MMP-2-responsive in situ forming injectable hydrogel in preventing the recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Wei , Wang Yan , Miao Hongkun , Yan Maohui , Liu Chen , Wang Yu , Zhang Jianjun , Fu Zhiguang
Published: January 2025

MMP-2-responsive co-delivery of doxorubicin and sunitinib nanoparticles to inhibit oral squamous cell carcinoma recurrence.
Transport of continental particulate over the Labrador Sea and entrainment are important pathways for glaciation of remote marine clouds
Authors: Coe Hugh , Wu Huihui , Marsden Nicholas , Biggart Michael , Bower Keith N , Choualrton Tom , Flynn Michael , Gallagher Martin , Hu Kezhen , Lloyd Gary , Nott Graeme J , Field Paul , Murray Benjamin John
Published: January 2025

Marine Arctic clouds greatly influence the radiative balance across the Arctic region and their effectiveness at scattering radiation changes considerably depending on cloud phase. Glaciation of these clouds relies on...
Estimating Earphone Level and Dose Using Real-Ear Measures and Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Jorgensen Erik , Reynolds Isabelle , Saxena Trisha , Thomas Marisa , Werner Megan
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Prior work estimating sound exposure dose from earphone use has typically measured earphone use time with retrospective questionnaires or device-based tracking, both of which have limitations. This research note presents an exploratory analysis of sound exposure dose from earphone use among college-aged adults using real-ear measures to estimate exposure level and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to estimate use time.

Method:

Earphone levels were measured at the ear drum of 53 college students using their own devices, earphones, and preferred music and speech stimuli at their normal listening volume. Participants completed 1 week of EMA, where they reported on their minutes of earphone use every 2 hr. Based on the EMAs and their measured earphone levels, sound exposure doses from earphone use were calculated.

Results:

Compliance on EMA was 73%, comparable to most studies using this method in audiology research. Earphone levels were lower than those reported by most prior literature. The average listening level across music and speech, with A-weighting and diffuse-field corrections, was 60 dBA. Earphone use time was also lower than most prior work. Most participants had doses under 1%.

Conclusions:

Using EMA to track earphone use is a potentially simple way to facilitate measurements of sound exposure from earphone use without relying on retrospective questionnaires or limiting the sample to specific devices, earphones, or apps. Evidence was also found for potentially lower sound levels and sound exposure doses from earphone use among college-aged adults than previously reported.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28205072
Thermodynamic Perfomance Comparison of Working Fluids Based on Organic Rankine Cycle in Waste Power Plants
Authors: Kopong Ola Kornelis , Waluyo Joko , Cahyadi  , Agustina Lina
Published: January 2025

The use of alternative fuels, other than fossil fuels, is an interesting issue for power generation today. The power plant option used is a waste power plant that utilizes the heat exhausted from the garbage. The study investigate a thermodynamic analysis four working fluids at a power plant based on the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using waste heat that comes out of an incinerator located in Soreang Bandung. The working fluids are R123, n-butane, n-pentane, and R245fa. The temperature of the heat vapor coming out of the incinerator is 450 °C with a heat vapor flow of 3 kg/s. Consideration Thermodynamic analysis was performed with a turbine inlet temperature of 130 °C because one of the fluids was already close to the critical temperature. (EES). Based on the thermodynamic analysis of each fluid, R123 produced the most power (91.22 kW), whereas R254fa provided the lowest power (87.92 kW). The plant exhibited the maximum power consumption at 25.93 kW and the lowest at 19.51 kW. The n-pentane fluid demonstrated the highest thermal efficiency at 8.86%, while the n-butane fluid had the lowest thermal efficiency at 7.94%.
Performance evaluation of R-1234yf as alternative to R-22 for date fruit drying machine
Authors: Mukhtar Ariyadi Hifni , Ariandi Andrameda Yurian , Jati Nugroho Putro Ardi , Sulistio Aji Dhanang , Aisyah Nyayu
Published: January 2025

Heat pump drying in the food industry is notable for its efficiency and energy savings. When designing a date fruit drying machine, it is crucial to consider heat transfer characteristics and performance, measured by parameters such as the coefficient of performance (COP), specific energy consumption (SEC), and specific moisture extraction rate (SMER). This study compares the performance of R-22 and R-1234yf in terms of energy efficiency and drying capacity for a date drying machine operating at a drying temperature of 60°C to dry 20 kg of dates per hour, under environmental conditions of 26°C. Results show that the machine the COP using R-1234yf is 3.449, slightly lower than R-22’s COP of 3.894, indicating that R-22 is more energy efficient. The specific energy consumption (SEC) with R-1234yf is 0.014 kWh/kg, compared to R-22’s 0.013 kWh/kg, while the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) for R-22 is 75.216 kg/kWh, higher than that of R-1234yf at 69.614 kg/kWh. These findings suggest that although R-22 has superior efficiency, R-1234yf provides a competitive alternative, especially considering its significantly lower global warming potential (GWP). Thus, R-1234yf is a practical and environmentally friendly choice for date drying applications, supporting the transition towards more sustainable refrigerant options.
Transovarial infection in Aedes Aegypti: Correlational study on incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) at endemic area of Semarang city, Indonesia
Authors: Bela Novita Irneta , Martini Martini , Hadi Mochamad , Udiyono Ari , Yuliawati Sri , Hestiningsih Retno
Published: January 2025

Indonesia is an endemic area of DHF. The incidence in 2019 reached 70.03 / 100,000 population. The one mechanism of the dengue virus survive in nature is through transovarial infections. This mecahnism can cause the virus to persist, leading to the endemicity of dengue in a region. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of larval density and transovarial in
Aedes aegypti with the occurrence of DHF using a spatial analysis approach. The study was correlational design, located in 11 sub villages in Meteseh village of Semarang City. The sample was 33 houses per sub village, so total sample was 363 houses. Survey of entomological method was done by examination the houses to measure indexes of larvae density and collection the eggs using ovitrap. Female Aedes aegypti from rearing eggs or lavae was used to identify transovarial infection by immunohistochemical assay. The result showed that transovarial transmission of dengue virus was found in 8 sub villages, (ITT was around 5-20%. There was a relationship between transovarial infection with the incidence of DHF (p= 0.043). This study provides information that Aedes aegypti transmit virus by transovarial infections, and the distribution of DHF has spatially related to transovarial infections.
Analysis of airborne germ concentrations and Covid 19 transmission at Port Health Office of Semarang
Authors: Dewi Windy Cintya , Raharjo Mursid
Published: January 2025

Covid 19 as a new emerging disease has spread all over the world. Covid 19 case also occurred at Port Health Office of Semarang, where the number of Covid 19 cases was 71 of 126 employees (56% percentage) and the airborne germ rate in preliminary study exceeded the standard set by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) which was 500 CFU/m3. The purpose of analyzing the number of airborne germs with the incidence of Covid 19 cases at KKP Semarang. This study is an observational study by measuring the physical quality of the air in the research location and taking air samples to calculate the number of germs in the air in the room. The results of this study that the number of airborne germs is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and lighting. The use of ventilation systems (using air conditioning or fans) will also affect the development of microorganisms in the room. Efforts have been made to control the development of airborne germs in the room, including the placement of a humidifier, maintenance of air conditioners/fans, and the obligation to use PPE (masks) in the room to minimize the transmission of Covid 19 during activities.
Risk analysis of public-private partnership waste to energy projects: A systematic literature review
Authors: Kurnia Raharja Arif , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Maryono Maryono
Published: January 2025

Despite potential benefits, public-private partnership (PPP) waste-to-energy (WTE) projects face significant risks—technical, financial, environmental, and socio-political—that threaten their feasibility. Key risk factors include revenue uncertainty, government credit reliability, and public opposition. The study is designed as systematic literature review (SLR) with three-phase methodology: planning, conducting, and reporting. A total of 136 articles from 2014 to 2024 were included in the initial selection. After applying all the criteria from the review protocol, 19 final articles were retrieved. The review identifies financial, technical, environmental, and social risks and highlights the importance of advanced risk assessment models like the 2-Dimension Linguistic Environment and Cloud Model and Bayesian Analytics for better decision-making. Differences in risk perceptions among stakeholders—government, public, and private entities—are examined, emphasizing the need for collaboration and transparency. Effective management of financial and market risks, particularly in emerging economies, involves policy implementation, government guarantees, and comprehensive risk allocation frameworks. There needs to be cooperation, clear communication, and policy frameworks to manage these different concerns effectively, ensuring that PPP WTE projects succeed and remain sustainable.
River school: An attempt of reproducing community’s green lifestyle culture in Kampung Code Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Demartoto Argyo , Zunariyah Siti , Ramdhon Akhmad
Published: January 2025

River problem still needs much consideration in Indonesia in modern era. Material use and natural resource exploitation increases natural disaster risk as a result of this problem. River managing culture is considered important as an attempt of maintaining river and environment. Community’s knowledge capacity affects their lifestyle having impact on their attitude toward environment. This research explores the reproduction of cultural green lifestyle in
Kampung Code Yogyakarta, Indonesia in Bordieu’s cultural reproduction perspective. It used qualitative method with case study approach. Data collected through in-depth interview and participatory observation, then analysed using an interactive model. Result shows that River School plays an important role in transforming knowledge on environment management being public’s daily habit. This program involves such activities as river cleaning, water quality monitoring, and 3R concept implementation, strengthening environmental comprehension and responsibility. Adoption of environmental values by young and adult generations results in changing mindset and habit supporting green lifestyle, creating sustainable cultural connectivity in environmental conservation. The River School program and the reproduction of green lifestyles are becoming models of adaptation and resilience to climate change in various regions in Indonesia. In the future, green lifestyle is projected to reduce environmental degradation and contribute to the SDGs.
Lesson learned from implementation of green building concepts towards sustainable development: A case study of a state-owned enterprises (BUMN) head office in Cilacap
Authors: Vitriana Vitriana , Hermawan Ferry , Kurniati Rina
Published: January 2025

The building sector has a role in contributing to climate change, which occurs by 37%, so the transition to sustainable development is carried out. Green building, which is one of the manifestations of sustainable development, is a planning concept that is still voluntary, and in Indonesia, only 4% has been recorded. This research was conducted to study the implementation of the green building concept specifically so that the main building of BUMN in Cilacap, Central Java, was determined. From observations and interviews, the benefits and challenges of implementing the green building concept were obtained, which serves as an illustration for other businesses in implementing the idea. The benefits include the potential for decarbonization with the use of renewable energy, comfort for occupants, and operational cost savings. In contrast, future challenges include maintaining the commitment of each building user to continue to conserve and the implementation of feasibility provisions at the beginning. Recommendation to improve: it is necessary to routinely monitor and evaluate or audit the commitments made, implement appreciation measures for employees and sanctions for violators, involve certified experts in building management in the operational stage, and integrate supporting data in the system as a form of good internal communication.
Analysis of phenol production technology from the waste of empty palm oil bunches: A review of methods and process efficiency
Authors: Adi Saputro Erwan , Bahari Alias Azil , Dwi Nurherdiana Silvana , Saraswati Rahaju , Ariyanti Dessy , Roriza Putri Redina Erda , Febrila Awardani Niken
Published: January 2025

Empty palm oil bunches (EPB) are waste from the oil palm farming process that has not been widely utilized. This waste can be used as a raw material for the manufacture of phenols. There are various processes in making phenol from empty palm oil bunch waste, including pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. Pyrolysis is the process of decomposition of a material that occurs at high temperature, which produces three products, bio-oil, bio-char, and gas. The phenol content contained in bio-oil is taken using a liquid-liquid extraction process. This pyrolysis has advantage including compactness and relative simplicity, fuel flexibility and clean carbon by product and low CO and CO2 emissions. This literature study aims to explain the method of making phenol and become a reference in terms of the selection of the process in making phenol, especially from empty palm oil bunches.
Green open space mapping and carbon stock estimation in Surakarta
Authors: Suhardono Sapta , Wahyuni Titi , Abu Nazar Irfan , Maulida Ibriza Naila , Wijayanti Sovia
Published: January 2025

Development and urbanization have had a significant impact on the layout and land use in Surakarta. The research aims to map how far green open spaces have changed and estimate carbon reserves in Surakarta in 2019-2023. Green open space was mapped by accessing Sentinel 2A obtain by Google Earth Engine, whereas carbon stocks were assessed in each density class by the formula between carbon storage and NDVI values per pixel. The results, based on five years of annual data, indicate regions (GOS) with an extremely high concentration of vegetation decreased from 5,880 hectares in 2019 to 4,899.2 hectares in 2023. This trend reflects a loss in places with dense vegetation. Vegetation as the most substantial contributors to carbon stocks, based on data indicate the cumulative carbon storage decreased from 12,933,424.55 kg in 2019 to 12,518,281.65 kg in 2023, resulting in a loss of around 415,142.9 kg of carbon at the site during the past five years. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of plant dynamics and carbon storage capability in urban environments that giving useful insights for environmental planning and management in large cities.
Lean construction and sustainability: A review of research trends and implications for the United Nations SDGs
Authors: Mochamad Agung Wibowo  , Marah Ali Ammar
Published: January 2025

Lean Construction has emerged as a transformative approach in the construction industry, emphasizing efficiency, waste reduction, and continuous improvement. This review presents a bibliometric analysis of Lean Construction research from the past two decades, focusing on the evolution, core themes, and contributions to sustainable development. Using the Scopus database and VOSviewer, 4,905 documents were analyzed to identify the most relevant keywords, key research trends, and their alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The analysis revealed that Lean Construction is closely linked with concepts such as waste management, sustainability, project management, and Building Information Modeling (BIM), underscoring its potential to contribute to SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The study also highlights the challenges of global implementation, such as varying construction practices, resistance to change, and limited access to technology in certain regions. Despite these challenges, the integration of Lean principles offers significant opportunities to improve efficiency and sustainability in the construction sector.
Optimizing the thermoelectric properties of transition metal doped Sb2Te3 mediated by carrier effective mass
Authors: Rana Nabakumar , Mukherjee Suchandra , Goswami Swapnadeep , Singha Pintu , Kulbachinskii Vladimir , Kytin Vladimir , Apreleva Alexandra , Chatterjee Souvik , Bandyopadhyay Sudipta , Banerjee Aritra
Published: January 2025

Charge carrier and phonon dynamics tuning are promising approaches for transport property modulation. Improvement of thermoelectric (TE) parameters via atomic substitution and band engineering is prevalent. Besides, carrier effective mass (m*) is a crucial factor that has a noteworthy influence on TE properties. Transition metals (TMs), possessing outstanding valence electronic properties and distinctive electronic state distributions, have recently been used as potential candidates for enhancing TE performance. Here, we report the structural, electronic, and TE characteristics of p-type Sb2Te3 by TM (=Fe, Co, Ni) doping. Consequently, the synergistic amelioration of electrical and thermal transport properties is elucidated. Structural and phonon vibrational properties are characterized by synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic (RS) measurements. Raman peak position and full-width at half-maximum provide insight into electron–phonon interactions and phonon anharmonicity. Anharmonic phonon–phonon interaction is illustrated via a four-phonon decay model. Furthermore, optothermal RS measurement is used to estimate the thermal conductivity κ of the samples. A reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity, κL, is observed after TM doping. Experimentally measured transport parameters, viz., S(T), ρ(T), and nH(T) are simulated via the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE), and reasonable quantitative agreement between the experimental and simulated data is obtained. The role of m* and valence band convergence, as estimated from BTE analysis, is highlighted. Weighted mobility and m* are found to be increased, significantly enhancing the power factor in the Co-doped sample. As compared to its pristine counterpart, around three times the improvement of the ZT value in Sb1.97Co0.03Te3 is reported.
Heat transfer correlations for curved downward-facing surfaces in forced and mixed convection regimes
Authors: Osman Sameer , Alnaqbi Khaled , Addad Yacine
Published: January 2025

This study investigates single-phase heat transfer on curved, downward-facing surfaces under forced and mixed convection conditions, focusing on applications in external reactor vessel cooling for severe nuclear accident scenarios. Existing correlations, primarily designed for flat surfaces, inadequately predict heat transfer on curved geometries due to the complex flow separation, transitional effects, and mixed convection interactions unique to these surfaces. A custom-designed experimental flow loop was employed alongside computational simulations to capture these behaviors over a range of Reynolds, Prandtl, and Buoyancy numbers. Key findings reveal that flow separation and recirculation on curved surfaces lead to a reduction of up to 22% in local Nusselt numbers compared to flat surfaces under forced convection, where transitional flow dynamics are critical. In the mixed convection regime, turbulence suppression and laminarization were observed around Bo¯≅1, causing significant impairment in heat transfer with reductions of up to 60% in the Nusselt number ratio (Nu/NuF) as buoyancy forces dominate and disrupt turbulence production. To accurately model these effects, multiple turbulence models were tested, with the v2−f and Speziale, Sarkar and Gatski Reynolds Stress Model (RSM-SSG) models outperforming others with a maximum error around 10%. These models are more successful in capturing boundary layer changes due to turbulence anisotropy and turbulence suppression effects. While the inclusion of buoyancy production and dissipation terms of turbulent kinetic energy seemed insignificant to the overall performance. The resulting correlations for local Nusselt numbers recommend different approaches based on the Buoyancy number. For Bo¯<10−3, a pure forced convection correlation applies with an account for local position, while for Bo¯>10−3, a combination of both the forced convection and another equation that accounts for buoyancy effects is used. These insights and correlations offer a framework for integrating curved-surface heat transfer models into nuclear safety codes, enhancing the predictive accuracy for cooling scenarios that are critical to reactor pressure vessel integrity.
Micro-vibration control of an aerostatic bearing with micro cylindrical array
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Chen Jiahuan , Zhao Ming , Liu Zhengxian , Xu Jialiang , Li Guangyan , Hou Yueting , Zhao Weiling
Published: January 2025

Aerostatic bearings are widely used in the field of ultraprecision machining. It is well known that orifice restrictor with a recess has higher load capacity and stiffness than the inherent orifice restrictor. However, it inevitably brings more serious micro-vibration problem, which is probably related to the large-scale vortices in the recess. To this end, to suppress aerostatic bearing vibration, we have designed a recess with novel micro cylindrical array (RMCA-I and RMCA-II) to smash the large-scale vortices. Meanwhile, we investigated the vibration suppression effect through large eddy simulation method. The numerical results indicate that the micro cylindrical array could effectively break the large-scale vortices into small-scale vortices, and the vibration amplitude of RMCA-II is significantly lower than that of the original bearing. Then, the proper orthogonal decomposition has been conducted to further analyze the flow mechanisms of original, RMCA-I, and RMCA-II bearings, respectively. It could be confirmed that the low-frequency large-scale vortices in the original aerostatic bearing lead to vibrations, which break into high-frequency small-scale vortices after passing through the micro cylindrical array. Eventually, we have adopted the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) method to identify the Lagrangian coherent structures of the RMCA-II bearing. The FTLE field indicates that the high-frequency small-scale vortices around the micro cylinders are derived from the three-dimensional vorticity shedding.
The effects of clipping frequency and nitrogen fertilisation on greenhouse gas emissions and net ecosystem exchange in an Australian temperate grassland
Authors: Padashbarmchi Zahra , Minasny Budiman , Bagheri Shirvan Milad , González Luciano A. , Dijkstra Feike A.
Published: January 2025

Grassland ecosystems store significant amounts of organic carbon (C) and have the potential to function as a source or sink of greenhouse gases (GHGs) under different environmental conditions and management practices. However, the effects of management (clipping frequency and N fertilisation) on the GHGs remain uncertain. In this study, a field-based experiment with automated-lid gas exchange chambers was conducted to simultaneously measure different GHG fluxes (CO2, N2O, CH4), their overall global warming potential (GWP-100) impact, and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) from a grassland. The experiment had two clipping frequencies (simulating moderate and high grazing intensity) and two nitrogen (N) fertiliser treatments (0 and 40 kg N ha−1 year−1). The measurements were conducted during two periods (each approximately 2 weeks long) of varied temperature and moisture in early autumn. High clipping frequency caused higher daily NEE emissions, higher GWP-100 impact and lower photosynthesis; however, it did not significantly affect these parameters. Nitrogen fertilisation effects were lower than the clipping frequency treatment, but the impact on N2O fluxes was likely to be dependent on the time of N application. Methane (CH4) was predominantly controlled by soil moisture, whereas nitrous oxide (N2O) was more strongly affected by temperature. N2O emissions increased significantly after the break-point temperature of 20°C. Our results have highlighted the sensitivity of CH4 uptake and N2O emissions to environmental conditions, particularly their increase under warmer temperatures. The main contributor of GWP-100 impact in this study was CO2 emissions and uptake. For the observation period, the grassland was a small C sink. For a comprehensive understanding, longer-term studies spanning over several years are needed to accurately assess the impact of different management practices on GHG emissions.
From local to global
Authors: Aljehani Khulod
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to explore research publishing participation of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers at
universities in Saudi Arabia, particularly regarding non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs). This study focuses on
teachers’ motivations, the establishment of personal identity, and their emotions in local and international academic publishing.
Based on 11 participant interviews, the challenges faced by NNESTs include linguistic and cultural factors alongside
organisational and identity points of pressure, with effects such as anxiety and rejection. Achievement depends on external
objectives such as career development and conducting research; however, as they progress from one level to another, they become
driven by internal factors such as interest and passion. The outcomes underscore the need for enhanced institutional support for
several learning interests, including allowing teachers to access global academic materials and resources. Resolving these issues
may help promote an academic environment that highlights NNESTs in premier publications. This study calls for reforming current
pedagogical practices to better support NNESTs and recommends future research focused on sustained engagement and indexed
publication opportunities to support NNEST research paths more effectively.
Thickness-dependence of the in-plane thermal conductivity and the interfacial thermal conductance of supported MoS2
Authors: Melo Henrique F , Brant Juliana C , Guimarães Paulo S S
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, experimental research advances in condensed matter physics are deep-rooted in the development and manipulation of nanomaterials, making it essential to explore the fundamental properties of materials that are candidates for nanotechnology. In this work, we study the dependence of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) Raman modes on the sample temperature and on the excitation laser power. From the correlation between these two sets of measurements, we determine the planar thermal conductivity of MoS2 monolayers, bilayers, trilayers, four layers, seven layers and eight layers. We find a nonmonotonic behavior, with the thermal conductivity decreasing from

38

 W

m

−
1

K

−
1

to

24

 W

m

−
1

K

−
1

, going from monolayer to trilayers, and then increasing from

24

 W

m

−
1

K

−
1

to

50

 W

m

−
1

K

−
1

when the thickness increases from three to eight layers. We associate this behavior with a convolution of two different phonon scattering processes: boundary scattering and interlayer scattering. We also report a monotonic thickness dependence of the interfacial thermal conductance of n-layers of MoS2 on SiO2/Si, which ranges from

0.9

 MW

m

−
2

K

−
1

for a monolayer to

3.2

 MW

m

−
2

K

−
1

for eight layers films.
Research on composite strain and stress sensors based on piezoresistive and triboelectric effects
Authors: Li Hu , Yang Li , Wang Zhihua
Published: January 2025

In view of the problems that robotic arms find it difficult to effectively identify and grasp workpieces with different textures and hardness in complex industrial environments, and the low path planning accuracy of robotic arms in practical application scenarios, this paper proposes a composite sensor based on piezoresistive effect and triboelectric effect. The composite sensor simultaneously generates piezoresistive and triboelectric signals. By comparing the output signals of the sensor, it is possible to achieve high-precision dynamic monitoring of the flexible grasping and joint movement processes of the robotic arm. The base material of the piezoresistive sensor and the negative electrode material of the triboelectric sensor are both porous MXene/PDMS structures. The piezoresistive sensor enhances its conductivity by spin-coating CNT slurry on the surface of the base material and uses PVA hydrogel as the electrode. The triboelectric sensor uses copper as the positive electrode material. Experiments show that the developed sensor has a measurement range (0.015–70 kPa) and good repeatability. The experiment verifies that the composite sensor can be applied to the high-precision detection of robotic arm’s flexible gripping and joint movements.
Research on a Hybrid Correction Method for SINS/DVL Kalman Filter Integrated Navigation Based on Convergence Factor Judgment
Authors: Liu Kaiyue , wang qiuying , Armellin Roberto
Published: January 2025

The strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS)/doppler velocity log (DVL) integrated navigation is one of the primary methods for underwater navigation, providing autonomous underwater vehicles with precise information on position, velocity, and attitude. The core idea of the SINS/DVL integrated navigation using the Kalman filter is to establish the state and observation equations to estimate the SINS navigation error using DVL velocity. The optimal state estimation and correction strategies are critical to the accuracy of integrated navigation. To address this, this paper proposes a hybrid correction method for SINS/DVL Kalman filter integrated navigation based on a convergence factor judgment (HCKF-CFJ). First, the convergence factor for the Kalman filter is constructed using the diagonal elements of the estimated error covariance matrix corresponding to the velocity error state. Then, the filter's stability is assessed based on this convergence factor. When stability is confirmed, direct feedback correction is applied to the SINS velocity, and indirect feedback correction is applied to the SINS position. SINS velocity and position undergo feedforward correction if the stability condition is not met. Finally, ship experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Global Receptive Field Transformer Decoder Method on Quantum Surface Code Data and Syndrome Error Correction
Authors: Li Ao-Qing , Tian Ce-Wen , Xu Xiao-Xuan , Ma Hong-Yang , Liang Jun-Qing
Published: January 2025

Quantum computing has the potential to solve complex problems that are inefficiently handled by classical computation. However, the high sensitivity of qubits to environmental interference and the high error rates in current quantum devices exceed the error correction thresholds required for effective algorithm execution. Therefore, quantum error correction technology is crucial to achieving reliable quantum computing. In this work, we study a topological surface code with a two-dimensional lattice structure, which protects quantum information by introducing redundancy across multiple qubits and using syndrome qubits to detect and correct errors. However, errors can occur not only in data qubits but also in syndrome qubits, and different types of errors may generate same syndromes, complicating the decoding task and creating a need for more efficient decoding methods. To address this challenge, we used a transformer decoder based on an attention mechanism. By mapping the surface code lattice, the decoder performs a self-attention process on all input syndromes, thereby obtaining a global receptive field. The performance of the decoder was evaluated under a phenomenological error model. Numerical results demonstrate that the decoder achieves a decoding accuracy of 93.8%. Additionally, we obtained decoding thresholds of 5% and 6.05% at maximum code distances of 7 and 9, respectively. These results indicate that the used decoder demonstrates a certain capability in correcting noise errors in surface codes.
$\rho$ meson form factors and parton distribution functions in impact parameter space
Authors: Zhang Jin-Li
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we investigate the form factors and impact parameter space parton distribution functions of the $\rho$ meson derived from the generalized parton distributions within the framework of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, employing a proper time regularization scheme. We compare the charge $G_C$, magnetic $G_M$, and quadrupole $G_Q$ form factors with lattice data. The dressed form factors, $G_C^D$ and $G_M^D$, exhibit good agreement with lattice results; however, $G_Q^D$ is found to be harder than what is observed in lattice calculations. The Rosenbluth cross section for elastic electron scattering on a spin-one particle can be expressed through the structure functions $A(Q^2)$ and $B(Q^2)$. Additionally, the tensor polarization $T_{20}(Q^2,\theta)$ can also be formulated in terms of these form factors. We analyze the structure functions $A(Q^2)$, $B(Q^2)$ and tensor polarization function $T_{20}(Q^2,\theta)$; our findings quantitatively align with predicted values across various limits. In impact parameter space, we examine parton distribution functions along with their dependence on longitudinal momentum fraction $x$ and impact parameter $\bm{b}_{\perp}$. The width distributions in impact parameter space reveal that the range of the charge distribution \( q_C(x,\bm{b}_{\perp}^2) \) is the most extensive. In contrast, the transverse magnetic radius falls within a moderate range, while the quadrupole distribution \( q_Q(x,\bm{b}_{\perp}^2) \) demonstrates the narrowest extent.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
Impact of topography on extraordinary magnetoresistive devices
Authors: Sasi Kumar Sreejith , Pollok Stefan , Pomar Thierry Désiré , Christensen Dennis Valbjørn , Bjørk Rasmus
Published: January 2025

The extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) effect is a form of geometric magnetoresistance that occurs when the current redistribution inside a hybrid metal-semiconductor device changes when subjected to an external out-of-plane magnetic field. While the influence of material and geometrical properties on sensor performance has been extensively studied, the topography of EMR devices has not yet received much attention. Typically, flat, 2D topographies are assumed when optimizing EMR devices, which does not reflect the significant topography present in actual devices. This study fills this gap by numerically investigating concentric circular EMR devices with different topographies using a 3D finite element model. We show that EMR devices with metal top contacts, which are more straightforward to fabricate, behave similarly to conventional EMR devices where the metal shunt of the same thickness is embedded into the devices. For InSb/Au devices, both types of devices produce a magnetoresistance of 4.9×105 % at 1 T. Our results also reveal that the magnetoresistance increases with the thickness for a large range of metal thicknesses. In addition, we also explore sidewall dimensions and show that it is desirable to have a thicker shunt with thinner sidewalls, compared to the opposite case.