bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"El tigre y la paloma": Una entrevista con Brooklyn Rivera
Authors: De Herlihy Laura Hobson
Published: December 2013

En Managua, el 23 de agosto del 2009, la antropóloga Laura Herlihy entrevistó al líder de Yatama y diputado en la asamblea nacional de Nicaragua, Brooklyn Rivera. Rivera respondió a una amplia gama de temas, incluyendo su infancia y sus calidades de liderazgo, el nuevo movimiento independentista miskito, la alianza de Yatama con los sandinistas, el Sihkru Tara, y los problemas recientes en Honduras. Una introducción de Herlihy nos informa sobre el contexto y trasfondo de la entrevista la cual fue realizada en miskito revelando así la manera en que Rivera se expresa en su idioma nativo. "Limi bara butku wal":Broklin Rivera ra sturi makabi walanManawa ra, Sikla kati 23, mani 2009 ra, Waitna sinska laka stadi munan mairka kum nina (Antropóloga) Laura Herlihy bui Yatama ta brabrira bara Nikarawa Asamblea Nacional wi bara sin Diputado Broklin Rivera ra Sturi makabi walan pana una skakan sturi ailal dukiara, naha purkara witin kau tuktan kan sturka nani sin bara ta upla takan ba sturka sin, miskitu nani nikbanka raya kum yakan dakwi takaia dukiara aisi banghwiba dukiara, Yatama nani Sandinista nani wal wilkanka laka briba dukiara, sihkru tara dukiara, bara Honduras ra nawas trabil takan ba dukiara sin. Herlihy bui taura ulban bara wan wisa naha wauhkataya dukiara bara sturi makabi walan pana una skakan lukanka nani ba miskitu bilara nahak ku wan marikisa Rivera witin ai yapti bila pain aisiba dukiara. "Nawah dawak butku karak": Broklin Rivera kau yul yulwi dakanaManawa kau, kurihbin mani 23, kurih 2009 kau, muih al sinsni lani tadi munna”Antropologa” yalni as ayangni Laura Herlihy yaklauiwi Yatama tunan muihni dawak Asamblea Nacional atwa yakat diputado Broklin Rivera ka yul yulwi dakawak biri kalyulna yul mahni yulni, adika minit yakat witin baisa walabis dai taimni yulni balna bik, dawak ampat tunan muihni kalna yulni balna bik, wayah balna alas dakwi kalalahnin atwada di balna yayamwa kidi yulni, Yatama balna dawak Sandinista balna karak la as sitwi duwa bang kidi yulni, Warminit Honduras sauni kau trabil sak kidi yulni bik. Herlihy yaklauiwi tatuna kau ulna yakat mai yulwi adika wauhnitaya yulni dawak yul balna yulwi dakawak biri kalyulna kulnin lani tuhni kidika dawak nininkawi Rivera ampat witing nanangni tuni yamni yulwa kidi yulni. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v59i0.259Wani No.59 2009 pp.66-71
Influência do programa Escola da Coluna em agentes comunitários
Authors: Nogueira Helen Cristina , Navega Marcelo Tavella
Published: December 2013

Introdução: A lombalgia é caracterizada como um distúrbio musculoesquelético responsável por perdas de produtividade e alto índice de absenteísmo dos indivíduos acometidos. Objetivos: Analisar os efeitos de curto e longo prazo de um programa de educação em saúde e exercícios terapêuticos em relação à qualidade de vida, flexibilidade e intensidade de dor de agentes comunitárias da cidade de Marília-SP, Brasil. Métodos: Foram avaliados 17 agentes comunitários (40,29+9,97 anos), do gênero feminino. Foram realizadas avaliações referentes à qualidade de vida, flexibilidade e intensidade de dor antes, logo após e após 30 semanas da intervenção. Resultados: Observam-se resultados positivos dos programas em seis domínios do questionário de qualidade de vida e da flexibilidade em curto e longo prazo (p
Correlação entre o estado geral de saúde e a capacidade funcional de idosos ativos
Authors: Vilela Daiany Da Silva , Busanello Kamilla Ludmilla Santos , De Oliveira Simone Daspet , Fréz Andersom Ricardo , Riedi Christiane
Published: December 2013

Introdução: Com o aumento da sobrevida da população idosa, torna-se necessária a identificação do impacto do declínio funcional desta população. Objetivo: Verificar a influência do estado geral de saúde na execução das atividades de vida diária (AVD) e atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD) em idosos ativos. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, aleatório com 78 idosos. Utilizou-se um questionário para identificação do perfil dos sujeitos. As AVDs foram avaliadas pela Escala de Katz, e as AIVDs, por meio da escala de AIVD. A correlação de Spearman foi utilizada para correlacionar as variáveis e os questionários. Resultados: Os testes de correlação não apresentaram significância, porém observou-se que tanto para AVDs quanto para AIVDs os sujeitos eram independentes de acordo com os escores dos questionários. Destaca-se que grande parte dos entrevistados (80%) pratica atividade física regularmente. Conclusões: Apesar de possuírem doenças associadas, os idosos praticantes de atividade física regular foram considerados independentes.
O valor de um programa ludomotor para a melhoria da velocidade de reação de crianças
Authors: Lima Alisson Padilha de , Cardoso Fabrício Bruno , Beresford Heron
Published: December 2013

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de um programa ludomotor de soltar pipas, voltado para desenvolver a velocidade de reação. Método: Este estudo foi desenvolvido utilizando-se os testes de reação motora (TRM), composto de três provas específicas: Tempo Reação Simples (TRS), Tempo de Reação com Discriminação (TRD) e Tempo de Reação com Discriminação para Tarefa Complexa (TRDTC). Resultados: Após 65 sessões do programa ludomotor, com duração de 45 minutos cada uma, mostrou-se, em relação ao TRS, TRD e TRDTC, uma significância estatística, em que foi identificada a importância da intervenção proposta. Conclusão: Verificou-se que a intervenção desenvolvida neste trabalho refinou as habilidades perceptivo-motoras dos alunos, o que se refletiu no desenvolvimento da coordenação visomotora.
Epidemiologia de doenças diarreicas de veiculação hídrica em uma região semiárida brasileira
Authors: Nascimento Viviane Silva Félix , Araújo Magnólia Fernandes Florêncio , Nascimento Ermeton Duarte do , Neto Luiz Sodré
Published: December 2013

Introdução: Na região semiárida do Nordeste do Brasil, com irregularidade de chuvas e altas taxas de evapotranspiração, são relatados graves problemas sobre qualidade e disponibilidade hídricas. Objetivo: Avaliar a ocorrência de doenças diarreicas agudas (DDA) em municípios do semiárido potiguar de 2009 a 2010. Métodos: O estudo é descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação de Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde/Ministério da Saúde e da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Resultados: O tratamento mais escolhido para o combate às doenças diarreicas foi o tipo A, não tendo havido registros de óbitos por doenças diarreicas na maioria dos municípios. A faixa etária que obteve a maior prevalência das doenças diarreicas está situada entre um e quatro anos. Conclusões: Os dados podem estar subestimados, e o quadro leva à necessidade do aprimoramento do Sistema de Monitoramento das DDA e realização de ações de Educação em Saúde, junto à população, no sentido de melhorar sua qualidade de vida e saúde.
Efeito da prática conjunta da caminhada e yoga no sono, depressão e qualidade de vida em pacientes com síndrome da fibromialgia
Authors: Steffens Ricardo De Azevedo Klumb , Viana Maick Da Silveira , Liz Carla Maria de , Brandt Ricardo , Bevilacqua Guilherme , Andrade Alexandro
Published: December 2013

Introdução: A síndrome da fibromialgia é caracterizada por dores no corpo, e exercícios físicos, como caminhada e yoga, podem ajudar no tratamento. Objetivos: Investigar o efeito da prática conjunta da caminhada e yoga sobre sono, depressão, impacto da fibromialgia na qualidade de vida, estresse e dor em indivíduos com a síndrome. Métodos: Nove pacientes com média de idade de 53,78 ±5,40 anos realizaram 32 sessões destes exercícios. Utilizou-se o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico, o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, o Questionário de Impacto da Fibromialgia, o Inventário de Depressão de Beck e a Escala de Estresse Percebido. Com o “t” de Student pareado, verificaram-se as diferenças das variáveis (p
Prevalência de lesões em escolares praticantes de atividade física: uma análise retrospectiva
Authors: Flôres Fábio Saraiva , Daronco Luciane Sanchotene Etchepare , Copetti Fernando , Cardozo Priscila Lopes , Drews Ricardo , Balsan Laércio André Gassen
Published: December 2013

Introdução: Estudos demonstram que a prática de atividade física pode proporcionar benefícios para as pessoas; porém, sempre há o risco de lesões. Objetivos: Realizar uma análise retrospectiva da prevalência de lesões em escolares, nas aulas de Educação Física, e nas equipes esportivas representativas de escola da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um levantamento retrospectivo das lesões em escolares no período de três anos. O instrumento utilizado foi o Inquérito de Morbidade Referida (IMR). Resultados: Os achados apresentaram diferentes tipos de lesões, sendo a natureza mais frequente a entorse; o segmento corporal mais afetado pelas lesões o tornozelo, e a equipe representativa que apresentou maior prevalência de lesões foi a de basquetebol. Conclusões: Os dados servem como alerta para os professores de Educação Física, visando à diminuição da prevalência de lesões por parte de seus alunos.
Equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de idosos praticantes de atividades físicas em Academias da Terceira Idade
Authors: Bertolini Sonia Maria Marques Gomes , Manueira Paula
Published: December 2013

Objetivos: Comparar o equilíbrio estático e dinâmico de idosos praticantes e não praticantes de atividades físicas em Academias da Terceira Idade, analisando a associação de fatores sociodemográficos. Métodos: Participaram 400 idosos de ambos os gêneros, sendo 200 praticantes de atividades físicas em ATIs (grupo ativo), e 200 não praticantes (grupo sedentário). Ambos os grupos realizaram o teste de Tinetti e responderam um questionário com respostas dicotômicas sobre perfil sociodemográfico, condições de saúde e hábitos de vida. Para análise estatística, utilizaram-se o teste qui-quadrado e o “t” não pareado, com nível de sig¬nificância de 5%. Resultados: O grupo ativo apresentou melhores níveis de equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, quando comparado ao sedentário (p
Complicações respiratórias em decorrência do uso de crack: revisão de literatura
Authors: Posser Simone Regina , Zilli Milene Bordignon , Rockenbach Carla Wouters Franco
Published: December 2013

Introdução: O crack é uma forma fumável de cocaína capaz de causar grande dependência. Uma vez que o pulmão é o principal órgão exposto, complicações pulmonares são frequentemente observadas. Objetivo: Investigar na literatura as principais complicações pulmonares em decorrência do uso de crack. Método: Foi realizada uma busca nas principais bases de dados: Medline, Lilacs, SciELO, PEDro e Cochrane. Resultado: Foram encontrados 107 artigos com o termo “Crack Cocaine”, no Lilacs; 1.981, no Medline; 85, no Cochrane; 55, no SciELO, e 2, no PEDro. Conclusão: A maioria dos artigos tratava de relatos de casos, e os autores são unânimes em afirmar que o crack tem a capaci¬dade de lesar todos os componentes estruturais do pulmão, causando disfunções pulmo¬nares diversas, levando a doenças e até ao óbito.
Fisioterapia no pós-operatório de câncer de mama: um enfoque na qualidade de vida
Authors: Tirolli Rett Mariana , Carvalho Rabelo Mendonça Andreza , Valença Porto Santos Rebeca Maria , Santos de Jesus Grayce Kelly , Miranda Prado Vanessa , Melo DeSantana Josimari
Published: December 2013

Introdução: Complicações após a cirurgia de câncer de mama podem determinar impacto negativo na qualidade de vida (QV) e a fisioterapia é importante para prevenir ou tratar tais disfunções. Objetivos: Avaliar a QV de mulheres submetidas ao tratamento fisioterapêutico no pós-operatório de câncer de mama. Métodos: Conduziu-se um estudo de coorte retrospectiva envolvendo prontuários de 48 pacientes que realizaram 20 sessões de fisioterapia. Foi aplicado o questionário Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) antes e após a fisioterapia. Para comparação dos escores, foi utilizado o Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (p
Influência do intervalo de recuperação entre alongamento e treinamento de força
Authors: Paz Gabriel Andrade , Leite Thalita , Maia Marianna De Freitas , Lima Andressa Ferreira , Coelho Poliana Pires , Simão Roberto , Miranda Humberto
Published: December 2013

Objetivo: Investigar o efeito de diferentes intervalos de recuperação entre alongamento estático passivo para o quadríceps no desempenho de repetições máximas nos exercícios leg press 45° e cadeira extensora. Métodos: Dezesseis mulheres treinadas (22,2 ± 3,6 anos; 57,2± 3,42 kg; 1,66 ± 32,3 cm) executaram quatro sequências de treinamento em dias não consecutivos. PSI: iniciava pelo alongamento estático, seguido pelos exercícios resistidos sem intervalo; P10: 10 minutos de intervalo entre o alongamento e os exercícios resistidos; P20: 20 minutos de intervalo entre o alongamento e os exercícios resistidos; PSA: os exercícios resistidos foram realizados sem alongamento prévio. Resultados: Houve redução significativa no total de repetições máximas realizadas no PSI, P10 e P20, comparado ao PSA em ambos os exercícios, exceto para o P20 na cadeira extensora, no qual não foi observada diferença para com o PSA. Conclusão: Verificou-se que o intervalo de 20 minutos possibilitou total recuperação do desempenho muscular comparado ao PSA na cadeira extensora.
Avaliação da dor em recém-nascidos durante aplicação da técnica de aumento do fluxo expiratório
Authors: Sousa Elaine Cristiane de Moura , Xavier Glaciele Nascimento
Published: December 2013

Introdução: A inabilidade do recém-nascido em relatar verbalmente dor e as consequências causadas pela sua repetida exposição a uma condição dolorosa coloca em evidência a necessidade de os profissionais atentarem para a importância da sua avaliação. Objetivo: Analisar presença ou ausência de dor quando realizada manobra de aceleração do fluxo expiratório em recém-nascidos. Métodos: Avaliaram-se 70 RN, com a aplicação da escala NIPS, que utiliza parâmetros fisiológicos e comportamentais em três momentos distintos – antes, durante e cinco minutos após manobra de AFE. O valor considerado dor obteve escore acima de três pontos. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa do escore de dor, quando comparados os momentos pré-intervenção e durante intervenção com a manobra de AFE (p
Percepção do estado de saúde, sintomas emocionais e musculoesqueléticos em cirurgiões-dentistas
Authors: Silva Alzira Fernanda Monteiro da , Campos Ana Priscilla de Oliveira , Nunes Kelly Aparecida dos Santos , Bertoncello Dernival , Walsh Isabel Aparecida Porcatti
Published: December 2013

Introdução: A odontologia apresenta importantes fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças ocupacionais. Objetivo: Avaliar a percepção de dentistas sobre seu estado de saúde, as características de seus sintomas emocionais e musculoesqueléticos, as atitudes tomadas e mudanças efetuadas por eles no local de trabalho para minimizar tais sintomas. Métodos: Elaborou-se um questionário de sintomas que foi respondido por 43 CD, com idade média de 36,2 (±26,87) anos. Resultados: Os dados indicam que 58,1% dos participantes considerou ter um bom estado de saúde, 25,6% regular, 16,3% excelente. Houve prevalência de sensação de cansaço, impaciência, mudanças de humor, irritabilidade e inquietação. As regiões com maior número de sintomas musculoesqueléticos foram lombar, ombro, região dorsal, pescoço e braço. Entre os tipos de sintomas, a dor teve grande prevalência, seguida por cansaço, fadiga e queimação. Conclusão: Indica-se a necessidade de intervenções para esta categoria profissional, principalmente com ênfase na prevenção a fim de diminuir as repercussões dessas lesões.
Evaluation of sugar yeast consumption by measuring electrical medium resistance
Authors: Zamora Martín L. , Ruiz Gabriel A. , Felice Carmelo J.
Published: December 2013

The real-time monitoring of alcoholic fermentation (sugar consumption) is very important in industrial processes. Several techniques (i.e., using a biosensor) have been proposed to realize this goal. In this work, we propose a new method to follow sugar yeast consumption. This novel method is based on the changes in the medium resistance (Rm) that are induced by the CO2 bubbles produced during a fermentative process. We applied a 50-mV and 700-Hz signal to 75 ml of a yeast suspension in a tripolar cell. A gold electrode was used as the working electrode, whereas an Ag/AgCl electrode and a stainless-steel electrode served as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively. We then added glucose to the yeast suspension and obtained a 700% increase in the Rm after 8 minutes. The addition of sucrose instead of glucose as the carbon source resulted in a 1200% increase in the Rm. To confirm that these changes are the result of CO2 bubbles in the fermentation medium, we designed a tetrapolar cell in which CO2 gas was insufflated at the bottom of the cell and concluded that the changes were due to CO2 bubbles produced during the fermentation. Consequently, this new method is a low-cost and rapid technology to follow the sugar consumption in yeast.
Sitios Con Entierros Humanos Y Ocupaciones Residenciales En La Cuenca Del Rio Negro (Norpatagonia, Argentina): Diacronia Y Multicausalidad
Authors: Prates Luciano , Prado Violeta Di
Published: December 2013

Los sitios con entierros humanos y evidencias de actividades residenciales, situados en sectores sobreelevados del paisaje, son un rasgo característico del patrón de ocupación prehispánica de la Cuenca del Río Negro. El estudio de algunos de estos sitios y, sobre todo, de los restos humanos en ellos recuperados, ha sido empleado por numerosos investigadores para explorar las diversas formas en las cuales los cazadores-recolectores se relacionaron con la muerte y discutir problemas de carácter social tales como prácticas rituales y religiosas, patrones de movilidad y procesos vinculados con la complejidad social. Aportamos aquí información cronológica y contextual de varios sitios en donde coinciden espacialmente los productos materiales de actividades domésticas y prácticas mortuorias, y discutimos las posibles relaciones entre ambos tipos de registro. Sobre la base de la información preexistente y de nuevos datos, retomamos el problema relativo a la interpretación y conceptualización de estos sitios y discutimos las nociones de cementerio y área formal de entierro. Finalmente, proponemos que estos sitios, ocupados de manera recurrente durante el Holoceno Tardío, pueden definirse como lugares persistentes (sensu Schlanger 1992) y que su configuración actual es el resultado de una compleja confluencia de condicionantes de índole religiosa, social y ambiental.
Trends in Michigan Supreme Court Elections 2000–2012
Authors: KLEMANSKI JOHN S.
Published: December 2013

This article explores various trends in Michigan Supreme Court elections from 2000 through 2012. Within the backdrop of the structure of Court elections, dimensions such as incumbency, electoral competitiveness, the role of parties, and campaign spending are examined. This study finds that while incumbents still retain some important advantages, incumbents are no longer automatically re-elected. Moreover, Supreme Court elections are becoming increasingly competitive, as the margins of victory have been reduced substantially in the most recent elections. Even though Supreme Court general elections are officially non-partisan, political parties play a major role, with a formal role in the nominations process, but also through independent expenditures and issue advertising on television. Interest groups and parties both have been outspending candidates in recent elections, and thus have added to the negative tone of Court campaigns. An overall trend of increased campaign spending has been found during the period investigated. In addition, a distinct difference in the level of electoral competitiveness and overall campaign spending was identified when comparing the 2000 through 2006 elections with the 2008 through 2012 elections.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B mutations in rab7 cause dosage-dependent neurodegeneration due to partial loss of function
Authors: Cherry Smita , Jin Eugene Jennifer , Özel Mehmet Neset , Lu Zhiyuan , Agi Egemen , Wang Dong , Jung Wei-Hung , Epstein Daniel , Meinertzhagen Ian A , Chan Chih-Chiang , Hiesinger P Robin
Published: December 2013

The small GTPase Rab7 is a key regulator of endosomal maturation in eukaryotic cells. Mutations in rab7 are thought to cause the dominant neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2B (CMT2B) by a gain-of-function mechanism. Here we show that loss of rab7, but not overexpression of rab7 CMT2B mutants, causes adult-onset neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model. All CMT2B mutant proteins retain 10–50% function based on quantitative imaging, electrophysiology, and rescue experiments in sensory and motor neurons in vivo. Consequently, expression of CMT2B mutants at levels between 0.5 and 10-fold their endogenous levels fully rescues the neuropathy-like phenotypes of the rab7 mutant. Live imaging reveals that CMT2B proteins are inefficiently recruited to endosomes, but do not impair endosomal maturation. These findings are not consistent with a gain-of-function mechanism. Instead, they indicate a dosage-dependent sensitivity of neurons to rab7-dependent degradation. Our results suggest a therapeutic approach opposite to the currently proposed reduction of mutant protein function.
Fly model causes neurological rethink
Authors: Sadanandappa Madhumala K , Ramaswami Mani
Published: December 2013

A Drosophila model for a neurological disorder called type 2B Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease reveals that it has its origins in a partial loss of function, rather than a gain of function, which points to the need for a new therapeutic approach.
Can Artificial Intelligence Speak for Incapacitated Patients at the End of Life?
Authors: Brender Teva D. , Smith Alexander K. , Block Brian L.
Published: July 2024

This Viewpoint examines how artificial intelligence could support surrogate decision-makers while addressing some of the attendant epistemic and moral challenges.
Motivation for relocation and spatial improvement of relocated public libraries in Japan—An evaluation of the role fulfillment of libraries
Authors: Hu Jiayu , Li Yan , Komatsu Hisashi
Published: July 2024

Japan faces the serious challenge of a decreasing and aging population, impacting the maintenance and upgrade of public libraries. Concurrently, public libraries, crucial social education facilities in Japan, are expected to assume broader societal roles. In response, some Japanese public libraries relocated to address these challenges and new demands. However, there has been limited research focusing on the relocation process and its subsequent evaluation. This paper fills this gap by concentrating on relocated public libraries (RPLs) in Japan during the recent decade (2010–2020), aiming to investigate their relocation motivations and spatial improvement and evaluate their role fulfillment after relocation. By posting questionnaire sheets to 217 target RPLs, we collected 143 valid responses, did a cross‐analysis on motivations, spatial changes, and library types, and evaluated improved role fulfillment postrelocation. Results suggest that public libraries are serving multiple roles in their communities, and their role fulfillment after relocation was linked to certain locational and spatial improvements. This research could help upgrade and reorganize public libraries in the future and contribute to the literature by understanding the relocation of public libraries from a dynamic perspective.
Radio Frequency Joule Heating for Healing and Reversible Adhesion Enabled by Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Authors: Oh Ju Hyun , Sang Zhen , Dasari Smita Shivraj , Sukhishvili Svetlana A. , Green Micah J.
Published: July 2024

Herein, radio frequency (RF) Joule heating is used to trigger dynamic covalent bond exchange in a furan‐maleimide Diels–Alder polymer (DAP). Prior work shows that carbon susceptors can be incorporated into materials and undergo Joule heating when exposed to an electric field. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are added to the DAP to make the material responsive to RF fields, and to enable selective, noncontact healing behavior of DAP after electric field exposure. After healing, mechanical testing is conducted to compare the tensile strength and toughness of the healed samples with the mechanical properties of the original, undamaged samples. A 96.2% recovery in tensile strength and an 83.2% recovery in toughness are observed. Also, RF heating of DAP/CNT enables repeated bonding and debonding of the material, allowing for adhesion and deadhesion on demand.
Reactive Processing of Furan‐Based Monomers via Frontal Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization for High Performance Materials
Authors: Xu Zhenchuang , Chua Lauren , Singhal Avni , Krishnan Pranav , Lessard Jacob J. , Suslick Benjamin A. , Chen Valerie , Sottos Nancy R. , Gomez‐Bombarelli Rafael , Moore Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2024

Frontal ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) presents an energy‐efficient approach to produce high‐performance polymers, typically utilizing norbornene derivatives from Diels–Alder reactions. This study broadens the monomer repertoire for FROMP, incorporating the cycloaddition product of biosourced furan compounds and benzyne, namely 1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐epoxynaphthalene (HEN) derivatives. A computational screening of Diels–Alder products is conducted, selecting products with resistance to retro‐Diels–Alder but also sufficient ring strain to facilitate FROMP. The experiments reveal that varying substituents both modulate the FROMP kinetics and enable the creation of thermoplastic materials characterized by different thermomechanical properties. Moreover, HEN‐based crosslinkers are designed to enhance the resulting thermomechanical properties at high temperatures (>200 °C). The versatility of such materials is demonstrated through direct ink writing (DIW) to rapidly produce 3D structures without the need for printed supports. This research significantly extends the range of monomers suitable for FROMP, furthering efficient production of high‐performance polymeric materials.
High‐Order Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Jaffray Wallace , Belli Federico , Stengel Sven , Vincenti Maria Antonietta , Scalora Michael , Clerici Matteo , Shalaev Vladimir M , Boltasseva Alexandra , Ferrera Marcello
Published: July 2024

The study of conductive oxides has gained momentum within the photonics community due to their unique linear and nonlinear optical properties. Despite recent experiments reporting on high harmonic generation from thin films, the optical/electronic behavior of these compounds at the nanoscale is still not fully understood due to the lack of a suitable theoretical model. In the present work, aluminum zinc oxide is excited near its epsilon‐near‐zero crossing point using incident femtosecond pulses having peak power densities in the 1 TW cm−2 range. A relatively efficient frequency up‐conversion including even and odd harmonics up to the seventh order is observed. A hydrodynamic‐Maxwell theoretical approach is adopted, capable of simultaneously taking into account linear and nonlinear dispersions, nonlocal effects, surface, magnetic, and bulk nonlinearities in a spectral region that spans over two and a half octaves from the UV to the NIR region. The study enables a deeper understanding of the fundamental material parameters regulating optical nonlinearities, providing important insights to engineer this class of materials for applications in sensing, ultra‐fast physics, and spectroscopy.
Magnetron Sputter Deposition of Amorphous Silicon–SiO2 Quantized Nanolaminates
Authors: Thöny Silvia Schwyn , Bärtschi Manuel , Batzer Marietta , Baselgia Manuel , Gmünder Raphael , Sharma Amit , Vermeij Tijmen , Maeder Xavier , Waldner Stephan
Published: July 2024

Quantization effects in nanolaminate structures of oxide materials are proposed and experimentally demonstrated only recently. Herein, the material combination of amorphous silicon and SiO2 deposited by magnetron sputtering is investigated and it is shown that the quantization effect can be observed indeed. Transmission electron microscopy characterization gives evidence of continuous layers of amorphous silicon and SiO2 with well‐defined interfaces. The deposition process is described and the tunability of the refractive index and the bandgap energy is demonstrated. By doing so, the advantages of this novel material over classical optical materials are shown and feasibility is proved. As an example, a longpass optical interference filter with edge at 720 nm is deposited using quantized nanolaminates as the high and SiO2 as the low refractive index material. This filter can be deposited successfully with close match to the design. It shows a blocking range throughout the visible spectrum whereas a comparable filter based on SiO2–TiO2 only blocks 500–700 nm.
Structural Colors Derived from the Combination of Core–Shell Particles with Cellulose
Authors: Leiner Regina , Siegwardt Lukas , Ribeiro Catarina , Dörr Jonas , Dietz Christian , Stark Robert W. , Gallei Markus
Published: July 2024

Combining cellulose‐based components with functional materials is highly interesting in various research fields due to the improved strength and stiffness of the materials combined with their low weight. Herein, the mechanical properties of opal films are improved by incorporating cellulose fibers and microcrystalline cellulose. This is evidenced by the increase in tensile strength of 162.8% after adding 10 wt% of microcrystalline cellulose. For this purpose, core–shell particles with a rigid, crosslinked polystyrene core and a soft shell of poly(ethyl acrylate) and poly(ethyl acrylate‐co‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) are synthesized via starved‐feed emulsion polymerization. The synthesized particles’ well‐defined shape, morphology, and thermal properties are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Free‐standing mechanochromic opal films with incorporated cellulose and structural colors are obtained after processing the core–shell particles with cellulose via extrusion and the melt‐shear organization technique. The homogeneous distribution of the cellulose within the composite material is investigated using fluorescent‐labeled cellulose. The opal film's angle‐dependent structural color is demonstrated using reflection spectroscopy.
Panthenol Additives with Multiple Coordination Sites Induce Uniform Zinc Deposition and Inhibited Side Reactions for High Performance Aqueous Zinc Metal Battery
Authors: Luo Ping , Yu Gongtao , Zhang Wenwei , Huang Zhen , Wang Yipeng , Zhu Dongyao , Chao Feiyang , Wang Yuyua , Zhong Wenhui , Wang Zhaoyang , Dong Shijie , An Qinyou
Published: July 2024

Application of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) in large‐scale new energy systems (NESs) is challenging owing to the growth of dendrites and frequent side reactions. Here, this study proposes the use of Panthenol (PB) as an electrolyte additive in AZMBs to achieve highly reversible zinc plating/stripping processes and suppressed side reactions. The PB structure is rich in polar groups, which led to the formation of a strong hydrogen bonding network of PB−H2O, while the PB molecule also builds a multi‐coordination solvated structure, which inhibits water activity and reduces side reactions. Simultaneously, PB and OTF− decomposition, in situ formation of SEI layer with stable organic‐inorganic hybrid ZnF2‐ZnS interphase on Zn anode electrode, can inhibit water penetration into Zn and homogenize the Zn2+ plating. The effect of the thickness of the SEI layer on the deposition of Zn ions in the battery is also investigated. Hence, this comprehensive regulation strategy contributes to a long cycle life of 2300 h for Zn//Zn cells assembled with electrolytes containing PB additives. And the assembled Zn//NH4V4O10 pouch cells with homemade modules exhibit stable cycling performance and high capacity retention. Therefore, the proposed electrolyte modification strategy provides new ideas for AZMBs and other metal batteries.
Scalable Fabrication of Black Phosphorous Films for Infrared Photodetector Arrays
Authors: Corletto Alexander , Myagmarsereejid Purevlkham , Wang Shifan , Yan Wei , Balendhran Sivacarendran , Liu Huan , Zhong Yu Lin , Crozier Kenneth B. , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Bullock James
Published: July 2024

Bulk black phosphorous (bP) exhibits excellent infrared (IR) optoelectronic properties, but most reported bP IR photodetectors are fabricated from single exfoliated flakes with lateral sizes of < 100 µm. Here, scalable thin films of bP suitable for IR photodetector arrays are realized through a tailored solution‐deposition method. The properties of the bP film and their protective capping layers are optimized to fabricate bP IR photoconductors exhibiting specific detectivities up to 4.0 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W−1 with fast 30/60 µs rise/fall times under λ = 2.2 µm illumination. The scalability of the bP thin film fabrication is demonstrated by fabricating a linear array of 25 bP photodetectors and obtaining 25 × 25 pixel IR images at ≈203 ppi with good spatial fidelity. This research demonstrates a commercially viable method of fabricating scalable bP thin films for optoelectronic devices including room temperature‐operable IR photodetector arrays.
Natural Products from Herbal Medicine Self‐Assemble into Advanced Bioactive Materials
Authors: Guo Xiaohang , Luo Weikang , Wu Lingyu , Zhang Lianglin , Chen Yuxuan , Li Teng , Li Haigang , Zhang Wei , Liu Yawei , Zheng Jun , Wang Yang
Published: July 2024

Novel biomaterials are becoming more crucial in treating human diseases. However, many materials require complex artificial modifications and synthesis, leading to potential difficulties in preparation, side effects, and clinical translation. Recently, significant progress has been achieved in terms of direct self‐assembly of natural products from herbal medicine (NPHM), an important source for novel medications, resulting in a wide range of bioactive supramolecular materials including gels, and nanoparticles. The NPHM‐based supramolecular bioactive materials are produced from renewable resources, are simple to prepare, and have demonstrated multi‐functionality including slow‐release, smart‐responsive release, and especially possess powerful biological effects to treat various diseases. In this review, NPHM‐based supramolecular bioactive materials have been revealed as an emerging, revolutionary, and promising strategy. The development, advantages, and limitations of NPHM, as well as the advantageous position of NPHM‐based materials, are first reviewed. Subsequently, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the self‐assembly strategies specific to seven major classes of NPHM is highlighted. Insights into the influence of NPHM structural features on the formation of supramolecular materials are also provided. Finally, the drivers and preparations are summarized, emphasizing the biomedical applications, future scientific challenges, and opportunities, with the hope of igniting inspiration for future research and applications.
δ‐Conotoxin Structure Prediction and Analysis through Large‐Scale Comparative and Deep Learning Modeling Approaches
Authors: McCarthy Stephen , Gonen Shane
Published: July 2024

The δ‐conotoxins, a class of peptides produced in the venom of cone snails, are of interest due to their ability to inhibit the inactivation of voltage‐gated sodium channels causing paralysis and other neurological responses, but difficulties in their isolation and synthesis have made structural characterization challenging. Taking advantage of recent breakthroughs in computational algorithms for structure prediction that have made modeling especially useful when experimental data is sparse, this work uses both the deep‐learning‐based algorithm AlphaFold and comparative modeling method RosettaCM to model and analyze 18 previously uncharacterized δ‐conotoxins derived from piscivorous, vermivorous, and molluscivorous cone snails. The models provide useful insights into the structural aspects of these peptides and suggest features likely to be significant in influencing their binding and different pharmacological activities against their targets, with implications for drug development. Additionally, the described protocol provides a roadmap for the modeling of similar disulfide‐rich peptides by these complementary methods.
Co‐Regulating Solvation Structure and Hydrogen Bond Network via Bio‐Inspired Additive for Highly Reversible Zinc Anode
Authors: Zhang Sida , Gou Qianzhi , Chen Weigen , Luo Haoran , Yuan Ruduan , Wang Kaixin , Hu Kaida , Wang Ziyi , Wang Changding , Liu Ruiqi , Zhang Zhixian , Lei Yu , Zheng Yujie , Wang Lei , Wan Fu , Li Baoyu , Li Meng
Published: July 2024

The feasibility of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage is hindered by the inherent challenges of Zn anode. Drawing inspiration from cellular mechanisms governing metal ion and nutrient transport, erythritol is introduced, a zincophilic additive, into the ZnSO4 electrolyte. This innovation stabilizes the Zn anode via chelation interactions between polysaccharides and Zn2+. Experimental tests in conjunction with theoretical calculation results verified that the erythritol additive can simultaneously regulate the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and reconstruct the hydrogen bond network within the solution environment. Additionally, erythritol molecules preferentially adsorb onto the Zn anode, forming a dynamic protective layer. These modifications significantly mitigate undesirable side reactions, thus enhancing the Zn2+ transport and deposition behavior. Consequently, there is a notable increase in cumulative capacity, reaching 6000 mA h cm⁻2 at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. Specifically, a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.72% and long cycling stability of >500 cycles are obtained at 2 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2. Furthermore, full batteries comprised of MnO2 cathode and Zn anode in an erythritol‐containing electrolyte deliver superior capacity retention. This work provides a strategy to promote the performance of Zn anodes toward practical applications.
Prediction of Room‐Temperature Superconductivity in Quasi‐Atomic H2‐Type Hydrides at High Pressure
Authors: Jiang Qiwen , Duan Defang , Song Hao , Zhang Zihan , Huo Zihao , Jiang Shuqing , Cui Tian , Yao Yansun
Published: July 2024

Achieving superconductivity at room temperature (RT) is a holy grail in physics. Recent discoveries on high‐Tcsuperconductivity in binary hydrides H3S and LaH10at high pressure have directed the search for RT superconductors to compress hydrides with conventional electron–phonon mechanisms. Here, an exceptional family of superhydrides is predicated under high pressures,MH12(M= Mg, Sc, Zr, Hf, Lu), all exhibiting RT superconductivity with calculatedTcsranging from 313 to 398 K. In contrast to H3S and LaH10, the hydrogen sublattice inMH12is arranged as quasi‐atomic H2units. This unique configuration is closely associated with highTc, attributed to the high electronic density of states derived from H2antibonding states at the Fermi level and the strong electron–phonon coupling related to the bending vibration of H2and H‐M‐H. Notably, MgH12and ScH12remain dynamically stable even at pressure below 100 GPa. The findings offer crucial insights into achieving RT superconductivity and pave the way for innovative directions in experimental research.
Biomimetic Nanosystem Loading Aggregation‐Induced Emission Luminogens and SO2 Prodrug for Inhibiting Insufficient Photothermal Therapy‐Induced Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Ni , Ping Wei , Suo Meng , Zhang Zeyuan , Zhang Wenhai , Zhang Tianfu , Ning Shipeng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2024

Photothermal therapy (PTT) holds considerable clinical promise. However, insufficient PTT‐induced tumor recurrence and metastasis is an urgent practical problem that needs to be solved. Herein, a biomimetic mesoporous organosilicon nano‐system called PSAB is designed to precisely deplete cancer stem cells (CSCs) and prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis after PTT. The PSAB system is made up of Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active photothermal agent, 2TT‐oC26B, and SO2 prodrug, benzothiazole sulfinate (BTS), within mesoporous organosilicon nanoparticles (MON) enclosed by an exterior platelet membrane. PSAB effectively targets CSCs both in vitro and in vivo by P‐selectin/CD44 interaction. The degradation of MON and subsequent release of BTS and AIE molecules are facilitated by intracellular glutathione (GSH). Subsequently, the acidic tumor environment triggers the SO2 gas therapy from BTS. This process leads to the depletion of GSH and CSCs elimination. After combining PSAB with photothermal therapy, there is no significant tumor recurrence or metastasis. These results indicate that SO2 gas therapy and AIE‐mediated PTT act synergistically to offer a unique approach for preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis after PTT, thus holding significant promise for clinical applications in cancer PTT.
The past, present and future developments in mariculture in the coastal waters of mainland Tanzania
Authors: Lukwambe Betina , Bwathondi Philip
Published: July 2024

Marine coastal resources are crucial to Tanzania's socio‐economic development and are a lifeline for the livelihoods and incomes of coastal communities. This study provides an overview of the coastal development of mariculture in mainland Tanzania and suggests future development strategies. The review article covers extensive reports available through field interviews, government policy documents, library literature searches and field work carried out by the authors. Despite the immense potential of mariculture to improve food security for localcommunities, its development has been uneven. Specifically only seaweed farming has advanced to commercial‐scale production. Other mariculture activities, such as finfish farming (e.g. milkfish, silver pompano), shellfish farming (e.g. prawn, mud crab and half‐pearl) and sea cucumber farming, are underdeveloped and confined to small‐scale operations. Locally consumed finfish, such as milkfish and pompano, have not attracted investors out of fear that the recovery of investment may not be achieved due to the low prices offered in the market. In this context, the sustainable use of coastal resources through mariculture becomes paramount to alleviating poverty and facilitating controlled migration from rural to urban. This comprehensive review explores the historical evolution and current status of mariculture initiatives in the coastal waters of mainland Tanzania, which presents a crucial aspect of the socio‐economic development of the nation. With declining global capture fisheries production and a growing demand for fish protein, Tanzania has strategically embraced mariculture as a viable alternative. The article traced the development of mariculture since the 1970s, highlighting past and current initiatives managed by government agencies, non‐government organizations and the private sector. Notable successes, such as seaweed culture, are highlighted along with the challenges that hinder the growth of marine farming activities. The review integrates insights from a comprehensive survey in coastal Tanzania, focusing on mariculture activities and collecting information on people who have stopped such practices, elucidating reasons for quitting. By consolidating experiences from past and present mariculture initiatives, this review provides valuable guidance for decision‐making towards promoting sustainable mariculture that supports coastal communities while preserving marine biodiversity.
Genotype by environment interactions and stability for grain yield and other agronomic traits in selected sorghum genotypes in Ethiopia
Authors: Birhanu Chemeda , Mekbib Firew , Lule Dagnachew , Bekeko Zelalem , Girma Gezahegn , Tirfessa Alemu , Ayana Getachew , Nida Habte , Mengiste Tesfaye
Published: July 2024

Environmental changes pose major impacts on the performance of crop genotypes with important implications for crop improvement strategies. Hence, breeders pay attention to the effects of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) to mine genetic resources and select adapted genotypes. Twenty sorghum genotypes selected from a large collection of Ethiopian sorghum landraces and two improved varieties were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications at eight locations representing different environmental conditions in Ethiopia. The study aimed at assessing GEI and identifying stable and high‐yielding genotypes of sorghum for grain yield and major agronomic traits. Analysis of variance and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) revealed highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) variance due to genotypes, environments, and GEI among all traits except for days to maturity. Plant height, days to maturity, panicle width, panicle weight, and grain yield were highly affected by environment and GEI, while days to flowering, panicle length, and 1000‐grain weight were mainly affected by genotypic variations. The data also suggest the importance of considering GEI in screening for high‐yielding and stable sorghum genotypes across environments. Among testing sites, Chawaka, Gute, and Uke were ideal environments for grain yield and Asosa was the most discriminative environment. Three genotypes (ETSL100808, Merera, and ETSL100474) were superior and stable across test environments for grain yield and related traits. Overall, based on mean grain yield and disease reaction, AMMI, GGE (genotype and genotype by environment interaction) biplot, and regression models, ETSL100808 was the most stable, high‐yielding, and disease‐tolerant sorghum genotype, suggesting its potential both in breeding program, as donor of traits, and for direct release as a variety.
Herbage accumulation and nutritive value of new bermudagrass accessions and cultivars
Authors: García Carlos Cristobal Vela , Dubeux José Carlos Batista , Vendramini João Mauricio Bueno , Rios Esteban Fernando , Santos Erick Rodrigo da Silva , Jaramillo David Mirabedini , Queiroz Luana Mayara Dantas , Souza Rayanne Thalita Almeida de , Homem Bruno Grossi Costa , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin , Longhini Vanessa Zirondi , van Cleef Flávia Oliveira Scarpino , Santos Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos
Published: July 2024

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is an important forage source for ruminants in tropical and subtropical regions of the world; nevertheless, little is known about the productive and nutritional characteristics of new accessions and cultivars originating from breeding programs. Five bermudagrass cultivars (Tifton 85, Jiggs, Florida 44, Callie, and Newell) and five accessions (276, 282, 323, 286, and Missouri) were tested during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Genotype × harvest interactions were detected for herbage accumulation (HA), crude protein (CP), and nitrogen yield (p < 0.05). In June, all bermudagrass genotypes showed significant variation in HA, with accession 286 being more productive than Jiggs (4.42 vs. 3.24 Mg DM ha−1 harvest−1, respectively, where DM is dry matter). In October, however, accession 323 had greater CP than Callie, accession 286, Newell, and Tifton 85, with average CP values of 155, 128, 136, and 137 g kg−1 DM, respectively. Average in vitro digestible organic matter for accession 323 (450 g kg−1 DM) was similar to that of Tifton 85 and Newell but greater than that of Missouri (393 g kg−1 DM). Genotypes displayed unique responses to all traits across harvest dates. According to the principal component analysis, the accession Missouri exhibited low productive and nutritive value properties. The accession 286 showed greater CP concentration while still productive; thus, this accession will be further examined for future release to livestock or hay producers in subtropical regions worldwide.