bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tramas de memoria local, presente y cotidianidad en la transmisión intergeneracional. El caso de un “barrio crítico” de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Olivari Vargas Alicia
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se analiza la configuración de tramas de memoria local de la dictadura chilena y los procesos de transmisión intergeneracional vinculados a ella, a través de una exploración etnográfica realizada en la población La Aurora de Santiago de Chile. En este territorio, dicho pasado se recuerda de diversos modos, desde formas propiamente conmemorativas institucionales a otras de carácter cotidiano y fragmentado. Estas memorias interactúan teniendo efectos en la comunicación entre generaciones, adquiriendo especial relevancia a nivel local aquellos modos de rememoración más apegados a la cotidianidad y actualidad del barrio. Así, se concluye que dentro de estas tramas de memorias un rol clave lo tienen tanto el territorio, su trayectoria histórica y conflictiva, como el presente, caracterizado principalmente por su calidad de “barrio crítico” definido por el Estado.
Asimetrías de poder en el intercambio mercantil. El caso de la artesanía indígena chaqueña, Argentina
Authors: Perret Myriam Fernanda
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo analizamos la implicación de la asimetría de poder en los intercambios en los que participan artesanas de dos colectivos de los pueblos Wichí y Qom de El Sauzalito y Fortín Lavalle, respectivamente. Trabajamos con el método etnográfico de investigación. La recolección de la información, en alternancia con períodos de sistematización y reflexión sobre el material recolectado, transcurrió entre agosto de 2012 y agosto de 2018. Los intercambios mercantiles de las artesanías expresan la asimetría de poder entre quienes participan en la transacción. Dicha asimetría tiene que ver con el proceso de colonización del Chaco y con la repetición de una tasa de cambio naturalizada. A su vez, la repetición mecánica de una tasa de cambio sobre la que las artesanas tienen poca capacidad de influir, se expresa en términos de desgaste y empobrecimiento de la mujer y su familia.
Professional Development of Teachers in Colleges of Pakistan: A Comparative Case Study of Public and Private Colleges of Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Hassan Danial
Published: April 2020

Purpose:The aim of the researchers in this effort is to identify the challenges and barrier faced by teachers in colleges of Pakistan regarding their professional development. The study also discovers realistic implication and adaptation which can be used in order to have highly professionally developed teachers in colleges.Objective of the study:The current research is conducted to find the different professional development characteristic and different factors which are beneficial in professional development of college teachers as well as the factors which are the root cause of creating deficiencies in professional development programs of teachers, especially for college teachers.Methodology:In conducting the current research study the researchers had used the qualitative method and quantitative method. In quantitative method Likert scale or in other words summated rating scale is used; as it is easiest to construct and by the definition of this scale each statement on the scale have equal importance or weight.  Sample taken to conduct this research study is 120 teachers from both the sectors as 60 public and 60 private respectively. Besides the questionnaire, interview technique is also been used to carry out the mention research.Findings: The major findings of research has reveled that professional development programs at institutional level are not carried in its required intensity moreover these programs if executed properly then could increase teachers’ satisfaction, student learning and learning output. However such programs are aimless as these programs are run without any definite purpose. Moreover it is found that there are inadequate course contents and trainers are mostly untrained. Also seminars are not conducted due to insufficient allocated funds and if seminars are conducted these results to be unproductive. Employee in educational institutions are not provided some sort of scholarship programs
Description of the adult and immature stages of Clunio ponticus Michailova, 1980 (Diptera, Chironomidae), from the Black Sea, Varna, Bulgaria
Authors: Moubayed-Breil Joel , Michailova Paraskeva , Langton Peter H
Published: April 2020

The mature and immature stages of Clunio ponticus Michailova, 1980 are diagnosed and described based on associated material recently collected in the marine littoral zone of Varna, St-Konstantin and Helena Resorts, Black Sea (eastern Bulgaria). Male and female adults, pupae and larvae of C. ponticus can be easily distinguished from other known European Clunio species on the basis of some atypical features found in the male and female adults, pupal exuviae and fourth instar larvae. In addition, the biological cycle (reproduction and emergence) of C. ponticus is not synchronized with lunar periodicity (new and full moon) as for some other known Clunio species from Europe, but closely related to the typology of the intertidal zone along the coastline of the Black Sea. This indicates that this species is a local biogeographic representative of the ‘Pontus Region’, which includes the eastern coastline of the Black Sea. Remarks on related known Clunio species from Europe with comments on the ecology and geographical distribution of C. ponticus are given.
Description of the pupa of Tanytarsus alatus Paggi (1992) (Chironominae: Tanytarsini)
Authors: Donato Mariano , Arpellino Juan Pablo Zanotto , Siri Augusto
Published: April 2020

The pupa of Tanytarsus alatus Paggi (1992) is described and figured for the first time. Notes for comparison with other species of the genus are provided, as well as brief notes on its geographic distribution.
El debilitamiento de la identidad nacional española durante la crisis económica
Authors: González Enríquez Carmen , Ruiz Jiménez Antonia M.ª , Romero Portillo Daniel
Published: April 2020

Este artículo analiza la evolución de la fuerza y la naturaleza de la identidad nacional española entre dos años, 2002 y 2015, antes y después de la crisis económica iniciada en 2008. Existe una correlación entre los factores económicos y la identidad nacional española, de manera que esta se ha debilitado durante el periodo analizado y han perdido peso relativo en ella algunos elementos cívicos. Para testar el peso específico de la crisis económica en esta evolución se realiza un análisis de cohortes ficticias en el que se relaciona la evolución del poder adquisitivo salarial de los diferentes grupos de edad con la evolución de su sentimiento de identidad nacional. Por otra parte, se analiza la evolución del sentimiento de orgullo de ser español en relación con el de otros factores individuales sociodemográficos y políticos. Finalmente se investiga el cambio en las dimensiones de la identidad nacional española.
The Presentation of Sources of Culture in English Textbooks in Thai Context
Authors: Labtic Ian Glenn C. , Teo Adisa
Published: April 2020

This study focused on the analysis of the presentation of sources of culture in a series of English Textbooks used in Thailand and their presentation in the receptive skills and productive skills of language learning. It was revealed that source culture or Thai culture and international culture or culture of the foreign countries where English is used as a second or foreign language were presented in each series of textbooks in a much smaller proportion when compared to the target culture or the culture of America or Britain that accounted for almost half of the total units analysed. It was also shown that more than half of the units analysed were presented in receptive skills that show the target culture and less than half in productive skills that show the source culture. The results of this study provide implications for authors, publishers, and educational institutions on how sources of culture should be treated in English textbooks to better prepare Thai students for a wider range of international communicative settings.
Age Barriers in Healthcare
Authors: Horton Rachel
Published: April 2020

Age Barriers in Healthcare

Age limits, minimum and maximum, and both explicit and ‘covert’, are still used in the National Health Service to determine access to a range of health interventions, including infertility services and cancer screening and treatment. Evidence suggests that chronological age is used as a proxy for a host of characteristics in determining access to healthcare: as a proxy for the capacity of an individual to benefit from an intervention; for the type of harm that may result from an intervention; for the likelihood of such benefit or harm occurring; and, in some cases, for other indicators used to determine what may be in the patient’s interest. Age is used as a proxy in this way in making decisions about both individual patients and wider populations; it may be used where no better ‘marker’ for the relevant characteristic exists or – for reasons including cost, practicality or fairness – in preference to other available markers. This article reviews the justifications for using age in this way in the context of the existing legal framework on age discrimination in the provision of public services.
Verplichte melding van belasting ‘constructies’
Authors: Schutte N.J.
Published: April 2020

Verplichte melding van belasting ‘constructies’

Deze zomer is het wetsvoorstel tot implementatie van Richtlijn (EU) 2018/822 waarin de zogeheten mandatory disclosure wordt geïntroduceerd bij de Tweede kamer ingediend. Kort gezegd is dat de verplichting om grensoverschrijdende belastingbesparende constructies te melden. Dit wetsvoorstel is geamendeerd en op 14 november 2019 door de Tweede kamer en op 18 december 2019 door de Eerste kamer aangenomen. Stb. 2019, 509. Voorafgaand aan de indiening van het wetsvoorstel is een conceptwettekst beschikbaar gesteld voor internetconsultatie. In dit artikel worden de hoofdlijnen van de richtlijn en daarmee ook van het wetsvoorstel toegelicht. Daarna bespreekt de auteur het advies van de Raad van State. Ten slotte wordt ingegaan op de reactie die de regering in de memorie van toelichting op deze commentaren heeft gegeven. De conclusie luidt dat er wel enige verduidelijking heeft plaatsgevonden, maar dat er geen enkele inhoudelijke wijziging ten opzichte van de conceptwettekst aan te wijzen valt. Voor een groot aantal onderdelen is dat begrijpelijk omdat de richtlijn geen beleidsruimte laat, maar waar die beleidsruimte wél bestaat, heeft de regering gekozen voor maximale bevoegdheden van de Belastingdienst en disproportionele sanctiemogelijkheden.
De Wet zorgplicht kinderarbeid nader belicht
Authors: Koster H.
Published: April 2020

De Wet zorgplicht kinderarbeid nader belicht

In dit artikel onderzoekt de auteur de Wet zorgplicht kinderarbeid en analyseert hij wat de consequenties kunnen zijn van deze wet voor het bedrijfsleven.
Still Consociational? Belgian Democracy, 50 Years After ‘The Politics of Accommodation’
Authors: Caluwaerts Didier , Reuchamps Min
Published: April 2020

Still Consociational? Belgian Democracy, 50 Years After ‘The Politics of Accommodation’

Despite the enduring importance of Lijphart’s work for understanding democracy in Belgium, the consociational model has come under increasing threat. Owing to deep political crises, decreasing levels of trust in elites, increasing levels of ethnic outbidding and rising demands for democratic reform, it seems as if Lijphart’s model is under siege. Even though the consociational solution proved to be very capable of transforming conflict into cooperation in Belgian politics in the past, the question we raise in this article is whether and to what extent the ‘politics of accommodation’ is still applicable to Belgian democracy. Based on an in-depth analysis of the four institutional (grand coalition, proportionality, mutual veto rights and segmental autonomy) and one cultural (public passivity) criteria, we argue that consociational democracy’s very nature and institutional set-up has largely hollowed out its potential for future conflict management.
Preference Voting in the Low Countries
Authors: Wauters Bram , Thijssen Peter , Van Erkel Patrick
Published: April 2020

Preference Voting in the Low Countries. A Research Overview

Preference votes constitute one of the key features of (open and flexible) PR-list electoral systems. In this article, we give an extensive overview of studies conducted on preference voting in Belgium and the Netherlands. After elaborating on the definition and delineation of preference voting, we scrutinize studies about which voters cast preference votes (demand side) and about which candidates obtain preference votes (supply side). For each of these aspects, both theoretical approaches and empirical results are discussed and compared. At the same time, we also pay attention to methodological issues in these kinds of studies. As such, this research overview reads as an ideal introduction to this topic which has repercussions on many other subfields of political science.
Zunifikowana metoda kosztorysowania robót budowlanych w zamówieniach publicznych i prywatnych
Authors: Banach Maciej
Published: April 2020

W artykule przedstawiono metody sporządzania kosztorysów stosowane w budownictwie w aspekcie kosztorysowania w zamówieniach publicznych i prywatnych. Wskazano wady oraz zalety kosztorysowania uproszczonego i szczegółowego. Zaproponowano nową zunifikowaną metodę kosztorysowania opierającą się na zaletach kosztorysowania uproszczonego oraz szczegółowego. Przedstawiono przykład oraz korzyści wynikające z zastosowania nowej metody.
Ferromagnetism in SnO2Doped with Transition Metals (Fe, Mn and Ni) for Spintronics Application: A Review of Experimental Status
Authors: Worku Yared , Ranjan Sahu Dipti , Vallabhapurapu Srinivasu Vijaya
Published: April 2020

Due to their potential application in the field of spintronics, the discovery of various types of oxide-based dilute magnetic semiconductors (ODMS) materials that might work at practical room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) has recently attracted great attention. Among ODMS materials, transition metal™ doped tin oxide (SnO2) compounds are important for the investigation of ferromagnetism due to its special important property such as high chemical stability, high carrier density, n-type behavior and trait long range ferromagnetism. However, the question of understanding the mechanism of ferromagnetism (FM) process is still not fully understood in these materials, due to unable to know exactly whether its FM property arises from the nature of the intrinsic property or secondary phases of the material. According to the results from many literature surveys, the mechanism of magnetic ordering responsible for magnetic exchange interaction in these materials is highly affected by oxygen vacancy, defects, dopant types and concentration, temperature, sample preparation method and so on. In this chapter, we reviewed the mechanism of ferromagnetism observed of Ni, Mn and Fe-doped SnO2 materials.
Diagnostic Challenges and Management Update in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Virgil Boldeanu Mihail , Răzvan Ionescu Adrian , Horațiu Popoviciu Valeriu , Lili Bărbulescu Andreea , Cristian Dinescu Ștefan , Siloși Isabela , Forțofoiu Maria , Pădureanu Rodica , Meca Andreea , Pădureanu Vlad , Cătălin Forțofoiu Mircea , Sabin Poenariu Ioan , Boldeanu Lidia , Florentin Vreju Ananu
Published: April 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease, with certain evidence of multiple factors involved, but also with the strong autoimmune component, leading to a high potential for disability, through synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Diagnostic methods and management possibilities have recently improved, thus leading to a better outcome, based on the treat to target recommendation. Although biologic agents represent efficient therapeutic agents, in the last few years, the advances in understanding the mediators involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis have provided new targeted therapies, represented by small molecule inhibitors against the Janus kinases that contribute in the signaling pathways of various cytokine receptors.
Kants praktischer Platonismus
Authors: Baum Manfred
Published: April 2020

At the centre of discussion lies the reception of Plato’s philosophy, particularly his theory of Ideas, in Kant’s moral philosophy, his ethics and his doctrine of right. Kant saw himself as a follower of Platonism insofar as its anti-empiri­cist principles of human conduct are concerned, although his own version of practical rationalism differs considerably from Plato’s. This is also true of Kant’s conception of freedom and of human rights. The greatest impact on Kant’s moral philosophy is due to the doctrine of the two worlds, the mundus sensibilis and the mundus intelligibilis, which did not originate in Plato himself, but in the Jewish Platonist Philo of Alexandria. Kant reinterpreted this doctrine by taking the intelligible world as a moral world consisting of free rational agents who ought to transform the empirical world of human society and history according to the norms and standards of moral laws. This was meant to be a programme for a moral reform of the human world, both with regard to individual moral­ity and to the cosmopolitical task of the establishment of an international order of legal institutions. Kant’s practical Platonism insists on the creation of a moral world order through human actions that take their lead from pure practical reason.
“The Turn towards Ontology” in Russian Neo-Kantianism in the Late 1910s and Early 1920s (Lev Salagov and Nikolai Boldyrev)
Authors: Kornilaev Leonid Yu.
Published: April 2020

The period between the late 1910s and early 1920s saw the emergence of onto-epistemological philosophical projects in Russia that was determined by criticism and attempts to overcome the domination of epistemology in philosophy which was the result of the intensive development of Neo-Kantianism and the influence of Husserl’s phenomenology. Attempts to turn towards ontology were made both by Russian religious philosophers and by Russian Neo-Kantians. I look at the little-studied philosophical projects of the Russian Neo-Kantians Lev Salagov and Nikolai Boldyrev. Their philosophical concepts share the tendency to transpose epistemological problems to ontology, and to identify and bring closer together epistemology and ontology. Russian philosophers ontologise the theory of cognition through the analysis of subjectivity, the complete elimination of psychological motives and the separation of transcendentalism from transcendentism. These principles enable Salagov to ground a three-part structure of cognition (consciousness, being, committing to consciousness) and to assert that the main task of genuine epistemology is exclusively the study of the cognitive relationship, committing to consciousness. They enable Boldyrev, proceeding from the separation of reflection and sensibility, to build a doctrine on the self-unfolding of being. Similar tendencies — a turn towards ontology — were observed in the same period in West European philosophy, including German Neo-Kantianism. However, the concepts of Russian Neo-Kantians, which imply a new orientation towards ontology, are fairly independent, and not only on account of the original interpretation of Kantian critical philosophy and Neo-Kantian epistemology, but also on account of internal discussion with the Russian philosophers belonging to other movements (for example, intuitivists). The analysis of the onto-epistemological projects of Russian Neo-Kantians makes important additions to the picture of the reception of Neo-Kantianism in Russia.
TRUST AS A COGNITIVE BASE OF SOCIAL COHESION IN THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITIES
Authors: Nesterova Marja , Dielini Maryna , Shynkaruk Lidia , Yatsenko Olena
Published: April 2020

The present article continues the cycle of the cognitive researches of the phenomenon of social cohesion in education, in particular, in the university communities. It contains the cognitive research of trust and its foundation as the central focus of social cohesion. The purpose of the study is to identify the level of trust which is connected with the social cohesion in university communities, to test the author’s questionnaire and to determinate the further steps for the trust enhancement in the educational community. Methods that were used in the study are the author’s questionnaire, math analytics etc. There were 196 people interviewed in both universities, among them 31 employees and 85 students of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University and 33 employees and 47 students of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. According to the research results, the level of trust in each university community (as well as in common) was average, excluding some indicators. Although there were some differences between levels of trust of employees of these universities. We can assume that the quite sufficient average level or trust positively characterizes the attitude of employees and students to each other, reflects their readiness for mutual respect and support, acceptance of differences and tolerance etc. Also, the research highlights weak points of social interactions that form the base for further investigations and actions on the social cohesion development.
THE ROLE OF STUDENTS’ LIFE COURSE CONCEPTION IN THEIR SELF-DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Lyz Natalia , Prima Amina , Opryshko Anna
Published: April 2020

To facilitate students’ self-development it is necessary to understand the inner factors of this process as well as the ways of increasing its productivity. This paper studies whether a person’s idea (mental representations) of their own life course influences self-development. To examine this phenomenon 215 engineering students completed the study. The empirical research included two phases. The purpose of the first phase was to examine if there was co-herence of the two analyzed constructs – the life course conception and in-tentional self-development. During the second phase a programme was im-plemented which was dedicated to the improvement of students’ life course conception. Also, changes in indicators of self-development and life course conception were studied. The results show that maturation of student’s life course conception, awareness of experience and future goals, understanding of one’s significant life achievements, attitude toward oneself as a source of life events and achievements, and thoughtful actions in goal pursuit promote intrinsic motivation, and activity in self-development. The improvement of student’s life course conception and formation of meaningful ideas about their own lives help to actualize self-development. The results of the study can be implemented in education programmes’ development in order to choose appropriate methods for the facilitation of students’ self-development.
Auditoria, controle interno e gestão de risco: importantes aliados na tomada de decisão
Authors: Nascimento Rosane Rosário do , Sousa Júnior Alvani Bomfim de
Published: April 2020

Em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, as empresas que investem em um bom trabalho de auditoria se destacam das demais. A importância da Auditoria se constata no dia-a-dia das empresas. A auditoria de gestão auxilia a empresa, fazendo com que os planos traçados pelos gestores, sejam executados como os planejados. A auditoria proporciona para as empresas vantagens que irão influenciar os seus processos, sua produtividade a tomada de decisão e o desenvolvimento da empresa. Além de evitar irregularidades contábeis, é uma oportunidade para melhores os processos e controles. Diante disso, o artigo tem o intuito de identificar as funções da auditoria e controle internos associados à gestão de riscos para tornar as empresas mais competitivas. Refere-se à pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória acerca da influência e benefícios do uso da auditoria interna nas organizações, buscando focalizar a atenção para a importância da auditoria e controle interno bem como a implantação da gestão de riscos nas novas formas de administrar e obter mais controle e sobreviver no mercado cada vez mais competitivo. A pesquisa revela que quando bem executada, a auditoria interna é um sistema de controle e planejamento, com informações valiosas que são a chave para a solução, que os administradores tanto procuram. A auditoria interna não é somente um detector de falhas e erros, mas uma parceira na busca por melhorias, assim, com o mercado competitivo, as empresas precisam adotar ferramentas de controle interno como a auditoria, que reduzem riscos e impacte positivamente seus resultados, ou seja, que contribuem para seu desenvolvimento.
Auditoria interna: contextualização teórica e aplicações em empresas comerciais brasileiras
Authors: Simões Elaine Pinheiro , Sousa Júnior Alvani Bomfim de
Published: April 2020

A auditoria surgiu com a necessidade de emitir um parecer acerca de opinar se os relatórios apresentados estavam de acordo com a realidade da empresa, transmitindo assim para a sociedade a confiabilidade das informações. Portanto, define-se a auditoria como técnica que confere, verifica e avalia documentos e registros, inspeções, obtenção de informações, com a finalidade de verificar se as demonstrações contábeis condizem com a realidade constatada. A auditoria é uma área vinculada à administração onde promove a verificação dos controles internos, podendo assim verificar a sua eficiência e eficácia, reduzindo as chances de erros e fraudes. Na auditoria independente devem ser formalmente documentados e preparados o planejamento, procedimentos que serão aplicados e os programas de trabalho que devem servir como guia e controle na execução do trabalho. O seu objetivo é opinar através de um parecer acerca da fidedignidade das demonstrações contábeis e apresentar a quem for de responsabilidade para fazer ou não as devidas correções e auxiliar na tomada de decisões.  Nos papéis de trabalho são anexadas análises, demonstrações ou quaisquer outros documentos onde devem ser analisadas e verificadas, para demonstrar ao leitor com facilidade como foram realizados os procedimentos e as conclusões obtidas. Algumas empresas são obrigadas legalmente a contratar uma auditoria interna, já outras contratam uma auditoria por medida de controle interno tomada por acionista, empresário, administrador da empresa e etc., ou por exigências estatutária ou contratual e para fins de consolidação das demonstrações contábeis.
Gestão da saúde e segurança do trabalho na construção civil
Authors: Ferreira Marinaldo Loures
Published: April 2020

O setor da construção civil apresenta índices de acidentes de trabalho elevados. As práticas de gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho através de suas ferramentas gerenciais, podem minimizar os perigos e riscos de acidentes nos canteiros de obras, preservando o maior capital da empresa, a vida humana. Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar o cenário da gestão da segurança e saúde no trabalho nos empreendimentos da construção civil do município de Unaí, suas principais dificuldades, assim como o uso de EPI’s nos canteiros de obras. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de observação in loco e entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores e colaboradores. O estudo mostra que 84% dos envolvidos nas atividades da construção civil receberam treinamentos sobre uso adequado dos EPIs e orientações sobre os riscos de sua função. Conclui-se que os responsáveis pelos empreendimentos estudados visam apenas atender as normas regulamentadoras e outros requisitos legais pertinentes ao setor da construção, tendo a figura do técnico de segurança apenas no início do empreendimento, para ajudar com a documentação exigida, passível de fiscalização.
On the Question of the Holy See's Knowledge of the Religious Situation on the Territory of the Independent State of Croatia
Authors: Zhdanova Ekaterina
Published: April 2020

The article's subject is one of the most controversial issues in the historiography concerning the activities of the Holy See during the Second World War. The author focuses attention on the issue of the Catholic Church's activity on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia during the early years of its existence, as well as on the question of the Roman pontiff Pius XII's knowledge of the religious situation on the territory of this new state. The aim of this study is to present a picture of the complex religious relationships on the territory of the Independent State of Croatia in 1941-1942, as well as to study the degree of the Holy See's awareness of the situation. The author applies the historical and comparative methods, also the historicism method is used to consider the conditions surrounding the events under study, and the critical analysis method is used for its potential to give an objective assessment of the problem under consideration. As a result of the conducted study, the author concludes that the Holy See did not officially recognize or support the Croatian government. At the same time, it was aware of the urgent religious issues that had come up in the new state, but did not actively intervene in resolving the conflict.
The relationship of the Russian Orthodox Church with the Jerusalem Patriarchate in 1948-1953 in the context of Soviet-Israeli relations.
Authors: Klimova Anastasiia
Published: April 2020

The subject of this article is the problem of the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Jerusalem Patriarchate in 1948-1953 in the context of Soviet-Israeli relations. The specified chronological framework was not chosen by chance, since it was during these years that significant events took place in the development of bilateral relations: the formation of the State of Israel, the establishment of diplomatic relations, the drafting of the statute on Jerusalem, and the severance of diplomatic relations. The ROC was involved in the Soviet Middle East policy, the purpose of which was to strengthen ties between the Moscow Patriarchate and the Eastern Patriarchates. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism, which assumes taking into account the specific historical conditions and events in which the development of the process of interest to us took place. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the previously unexplored process of the relationship between the Moscow Patriarchate and the Jerusalem Orthodox Church during this period has been studied. The source base of the research is unpublished documents of the Foundation of the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of archival materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, it is concluded that, on the one hand, contacts between the ROC and the Jerusalem Patriarchate were maintained through the Soviet diplomatic mission in the State of Israel. Therefore, the state of bilateral relations influenced the relationship between the Churches. On the other hand, after the rupture of diplomatic relations in February 1953, the situation of the RDM in Jerusalem worsened, but contacts between the Moscow and Jerusalem Patriarchies were not interrupted. Representatives of the Jerusalem Church had the right to freely cross the border, as a result, they could visit the Mission despite the state of Soviet-Israeli relations.
The many facets of brain aging
Authors: Nyberg Lars , Wåhlin Anders
Published: April 2020

Applying big-data analytic techniques to brain images from 18,707 individuals is shedding light on the influence of aging on the brain.
Identification of genes involved in the evolution of human intelligence through combination of inter-species and intra-species genetic variations
Authors: Li Mengjie , Zhang Wenting , Zhou Xiaoyi
Published: April 2020

Understanding the evolution of human intelligence is an important undertaking in the science of human genetics. A great deal of biological research has been conducted to search for genes which are related to the significant increase in human brain volume and cerebral cortex complexity during hominid evolution. However, genetic changes affecting intelligence in hominid evolution have remained elusive. We supposed that a subset of intelligence-related genes, which harbored intra-species variations in human populations, may also be evolution-related genes which harbored inter-species variations between humans (Homo sapiens) and great apes (includingPan troglodytesandPongo abelii). Here we combined inter-species and intra-species genetic variations to discover genes involved in the evolution of human intelligence. Information was collected from published GWAS works on intelligence and a total of 549 genes located within the intelligence-associated loci were identified. The intelligence-related genes containing human-specific variations were detected based on the latest high-quality genome assemblies of three human’s closest species. Finally, we identified 40 strong candidates involved in human intelligence evolution. Expression analysis using RNA-Seq data revealed that most of the genes displayed a relatively high expression in the cerebral cortex. For these genes, there is a distinct expression pattern between humans and other species, especially in neocortex tissues. Our work provided a list of strong candidates for the evolution of human intelligence, and also implied that some intelligence-related genes may undergo inter-species evolution and contain intra-species variation.
Impact of grazing intensities on reproduction patterns of elm trees (Ulmus pumila) in degraded sandy lands in China
Authors: Tang Yi
Published: April 2020

The effect of grazing on patterns of reproduction in trees has been little reported. We explored the effects of grazing intensities on reproductive growth, allocation patterns, and duration in elm trees (Ulmus pumila L.) at the Horqin Sandy Land, a degraded area in northern China. Current-year shoots were selected from branches and harvested from individual elm trees subjected to one of four grazing intensities (heavy, moderate, light, and no grazing). Shoots, flower buds, flowers, seeds, leaf buds, and leaves were collected, dried, and weighed. Results showed that the biomass in heavy, moderate and light grazing treatments is significantly higher than in no grazing treatment (P < 0.05). The reproductive allocation of U. pumila in heavy grazing treatment was significantly higher from that in the no grazing treatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, we found that reproduction of U. pumila ended later in grazed plots, suggesting the duration of reproduction is extended with grazing disturbance. Our findings suggest that U. pumila may prolong it s duration of reproduction and alter its reproductive biomass in response to grazing. It is not clear whether these effects are related to damage to U. pumila trees by grazers or whether they are due to grazers affecting soil properties or plant competitors around U. pumila trees.
Price Transmission and Factors Influencing the Price of Onions in Tanzania
Authors: Mgale Yohana James
Published: April 2020

This article analyzes the transmission of prices between marketing agents and the factors affecting onion prices at the consumer level. The Error Correction Model-Engle Granger (ECM-EG) was used to test the price transmission by including the impact of the rise and fall of producer, wholesale and retail prices in past periods. The Error Correction Model (ECM) was applied to the factors affecting onion prices. The test results showed that price transmission was asymmetrical in the short and long-run. With regard to factors, the results show that consumer price in the short-run was influenced by wholesale prices, producer prices and the price of fuel while in the long-run it was influenced by wholesale prices, producer price, price of fuel and consumer prices in the previous period (t-1). These results suggest the existence of a short-term adjustment cost and a long-term market power which distorts price transmission.
Removal of Malachite Green Dye by Teak Wood Waste Biomass Activated Carbon and Its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Vijayalakshmi G. , Sivajiganesan S.
Published: April 2020

Adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) on activated carbon obtained from Teak wood biomass has been investigated by batch adsorption method. The percentage removal of dye has been optimized by studying the initial concentration of the dye, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time and pH. The experimental data were found to be well fitted to Langmuir isotherm. The present study indicates that activated carbon obtained from Teak wood biomass is an effective adsorbent of MG dye. The prepared activated carbon was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger), using disc diffusion method and compared with standard antibacterial (Nitrofurantoin) and antifungal (Amphotericin B). Bacteria showing more activity than fungal strains.
Potential of the Ethanol Extract of Aerial Parts of Diplazium esculentum (Retz) SW. AS Larvicide against Anopheles gambiae Giles and Culex quinquefasciatus Say
Authors: Umohata I. A. , Ubulom P. M. E. , Udofa E. J. , Bala D. N. , James I. V.
Published: April 2020

Plant products have been tested as insecticides against mosquitoes as they are promising candidates to replace conventional insecticides. This study was carried out to evaluate the larvicidal potential of ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Diplazium esculentum against Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus. Ethanol extract of the aerial parts of D. esculentum was screened for its phytochemical constituents and used for larvicidal assay. A stock solution of the extract (5 g in 100 ml of water) was prepared. From the stock solution, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 and 1.05% w/v concentrations of the extract were obtained for the study. Each concentration of the extract had 3 replicates. The control was also replicated. Twenty (20) third instar larvae each of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus were separately exposed to each extract concentration for a duration of 48 hours. Larval nutrient was added to each experimental set up. Observations were made after 24 and 48 hours exposure period. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of some plant metabolites. Mortality of larvae exposed to the extract increased with increased concentration and exposure time. This study revealed a differential susceptibility of larvae of the two mosquito species to the extract as evident by the 24 h LC50 values obtained which were 0.355 and 2.468% w/v for An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus respectively. Exposure of An. gambiae larvae to the extract resulted in 100% mortality even with the least concentration of 0.45% w/v after 48 hours exposure period while the highest concentration of extract (1.05% w/v) resulted in 53.33% mortality of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae, after an exposure period of 48 hours. Results obtained from this study suggest that the aerial parts of D. esculentum if further explored would be useful in the control of An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus.
Phase I clinical trial of temsirolimus and perifosine for recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Kaley Thomas J. , Panageas Katherine S. , Pentsova Elena I. , Mellinghoff Ingo K. , Nolan Craig , Gavrilovic Igor , DeAngelis Lisa M. , Abrey Lauren E. , Holland Eric C. , Omuro Antonio , Lacouture Mario E. , Ludwig Emmy , Lassman Andrew B.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Malignant glioma (MG) is the most deadly primary brain cancer. Signaling though the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis is activated in most MGs and therefore a potential therapeutic target. The mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus and the AKT inhibitor perifosine are each well‐tolerated as single agents but with limited activity reclinical data demonstrate synergistic anti‐tumor effects from combined treatment. Therefore, we initiated a phase I trial of combined therapy in recurrent MGs to determine safety and a recommended phase II dose.

Methods

Adults with recurrent MG, Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 60 were enrolled, with no limit on the number of prior therapies. Temsirolimus dose was escalated using standard 3 + 3 design from 15 mg to 170 mg administered once weekly. Perifosine was fixed as a 600 mg load on day 1 followed by 100 mg nightly (single agent MTD) until dose level 7 when the load increased to 900 mg.

Results

We treated 35 patients with with glioblastoma (17) or other MGs (18; including nine anaplastic astrocytoma, nine anaplastic oligodendroglioma, one anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and two low grade astrocytomas with radiographic transformation to MG). We observed five dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs): one at dose level 3 (50mg temsirolimus), then two at dose level 7 expansion (170 mg temsirolimus), and then two more at dose level 6 expansion (170 mg temsirolimus). DLTs included thrombocytopenia (n = 3), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 1) and lung infection (n = 1).

Conclusion

Combining the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus dosed at 115 mg weekly and the AKT inhibitor perifosine dosed at 100 mg daily (following 600 mg load) is tolerable in heavily pretreated adults with recurrent MGs.
Bioinspired Gyrotropic Metamaterials with Multifarious Wave Adaptability and Multifunctionality
Authors: Huang Lingxi , Duan Yuping , Liu Jia , Zeng Yuansong , Ma Guojia , Pang Huifang , Gao Shaohua , Zhang Weiping
Published: April 2020

Electromagnetic wave loss caused by rotating polarization of chiral structures has long been considered as a disadvantage in transmission, detection, etc., however, it can be turned to benefit in microwave absorbing materials to enhance absorption. Herein, inspired by the chiral structure of jeweled beetles, gyrotropic metamaterials (MMs) are designed and prepared, and experimentally demonstrate the enhanced microwave absorption by rotating polarization; the bandwidth of absorptivity greater than 80% (reflection loss, RL ≤ −7 dB) covers the entire 4–18 GHz frequency range under an ultralow surface density of 1.45 kg m−2; the mechanism analyzed and verified by simulation models demonstrates this a universal method. A new paradigm of MMs fabricated by high entropy alloy (HEA) is offered in this work, which increases the freedom of MM design and promotes the integration of material science and physics. Multifarious wave adaptability and multifunctionality achieved by integrated HEA unit cell and foamed polyurethane realize ultrasonic and water wave absorption, as well as impact and corrosion resistance. These designs hold great promise for facilitating functionally integrated materials for stealth technology, antiterrorist, encryption, sensing, and photon detection.
In Situ Reaction Induced Core–Shell Structure to Ultralow κlat and High Thermoelectric Performance of SnTe
Authors: Li Sihui , Xin Jiwu , Basit Abdul , Long Qiang , Li Suwei , Jiang Qinghui , Luo Yubo , Yang Junyou
Published: April 2020

Lead‐free chalcogenide SnTe has been demonstrated to be an efficient medium temperature thermoelectric (TE) material. However, high intrinsic Sn vacancies as well as high thermal conductivity devalue its performance. Here, β‐Zn4Sb3 is incorporated into the SnTe matrix to regulate the thermoelectric performance of SnTe. Sequential in situ reactions take place between the β‐Zn4Sb3 additive and SnTe matrix, and an interesting “core–shell” microstructure (Sb@ZnTe) is obtained; the composition of SnTe matrix is also tuned and thus Sn vacancies are compensated effectively. Benefitting from the synergistic effect of the in situ reactions, an ultralow κlat ≈0.48 W m−1 K−1 at 873 K is obtained and the carrier concentrations and electrical properties are also improved successfully. Finally, a maximum ZT ≈1.32, which increases by ≈220% over the pristine SnTe, is achieved in the SnTe‐1.5% β‐Zn4Sb3 sample at 873 K. This work provides a new strategy to regulate the TE performance of SnTe and also offers a new insight to other related thermoelectric materials.
Recent Advances in Rechargeable Magnesium‐Based Batteries for High‐Efficiency Energy Storage
Authors: Guo Ziqi , Zhao Shuoqing , Li Tiexin , Su Dawei , Guo Shaojun , Wang Guoxiu
Published: April 2020

Benefiting from higher volumetric capacity, environmental friendliness and metallic dendrite‐free magnesium (Mg) anodes, rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) are of great importance to the development of energy storage technology beyond lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, their practical applications are still limited by the absence of suitable electrode materials, the sluggish kinetics of Mg2+ insertion/extraction and incompatibilities between electrodes and electrolytes. Herein, a systematic and insightful review of recent advances in RMBs, including intercalation‐based cathode materials and conversion reaction‐based compounds is presented. The relationship between microstructures with their electrochemical performances is comprehensively elucidated. In particular, anode materials are discussed beyond metallic Mg for RMBs. Furthermore, other Mg‐based battery systems are also summarized, including Mg–air batteries, Mg–sulfur batteries, and Mg–iodine batteries. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of Mg‐based energy storage technology and could offer new strategies for designing high‐performance rechargeable magnesium batteries.
Comparison of Quinone‐Based Catholytes for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries and Demonstration of Long‐Term Stability with Tetrasubstituted Quinones
Authors: Gerken James B. , Anson Colin W. , Preger Yuliya , Symons Peter G. , Genders J. David , Qiu Yang , Li Wenzhen , Root Thatcher W. , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: April 2020

Quinones are appealing targets as organic charge carriers for aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs), but their utility continues to be constrained by limited stability under operating conditions. The present study evaluates the stability of a series of water‐soluble quinones, with redox potentials ranging from 605–885 mV versus NHE, under acidic aqueous conditions (1 m H2SO4). Four of the quinones are examined as cathodic electrolytes in an aqueous RFB, paired with anthraquinone‐2,7‐disulfonate as the anodic electrolyte. The RFB data complement other solution stability tests and show that the most stable electrolyte is a tetrasubstituted quinone containing four sulfonated thioether substituents. The results highlight the importance of substituting all C–H positions of the quinone in order to maximize the quinone stability and set the stage for design of improved organic electrolytes for aqueous RFBs.