bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotion differentiation in early recovery from alcohol use disorder: Associations with in‐the‐moment affect and 3‐month drinking outcomes
Authors: Emery Noah N. , Walters Kyle J. , Njeim Lili , Barr Maya , Gelman Daniella , Eddie David
Published: May 2022

Background

Early recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) is commonly associated with high levels of negative affect, stress, and emotional vulnerability, which confer significant relapse risk. Emotion differentiation—the ability to distinguish between discrete emotions—has been shown to predict relapse after treatment for a drug use disorder, but this relationship has not been explored in individuals recovering from AUD.

Methods

The current study used thrice daily random and up to thrice daily self‐initiated ecological momentary assessment surveys (N = 42, observations = 915) to examine whether 1) moments of high affective arousal are characterized by momentary differences in emotion differentiation among individuals in the first year of a current AUD recovery attempt, and 2) individuals’ average emotion differentiation would predict subsequent alcohol use measured by the timeline follow‐back over a 3‐month follow‐up period.

Results

Multilevel models showed that moments (Level 1) of higher‐than‐average negative affect (p < 0.001) and/or stress (p = 0.033) were characterized by less negative emotion differentiation, while moments of higher‐than‐average positive affect were characterized by greater positive emotion differentiation (p < 0.001). At the between‐person level (Level 2), participants with higher stress overall had lower negative emotion differentiation (p = 0.009). Linear regression showed that average negative, but not positive, emotion differentiation was inversely associated with percent drinking days over the subsequent 3‐month follow‐up period (p = 0.042). Neither form of average emotion differentiation was associated with drinking quantity.

Conclusions

We found that for individuals in early AUD recovery, affective states are associated with acute shifts in the capacity for emotion differentiation. Further, we found that average negative emotion differentiation prospectively predicts subsequent alcohol use.
Seed dispersal by monkey spitting in Scadoxus (Amaryllidaceae): Fruit selection, dispersal distances and effects on seed germination
Authors: Butler Hannah C. , Johnson Steven D.
Published: May 2022

Fleshy fruits are usually associated with ingestion of seeds but can also serve as a reward to animals that discard seeds without ingesting them. We investigated the seed dispersal systems of two South African Scadoxus lilies. Like those in some other genera in Amaryllidaceae tribe Haemantheae, seeds of Scadoxus are non‐orthodox, reputedly poisonous and enclosed within fleshy fruits. The bright red ripe Scadoxus fruits attract monkeys, which consume the fleshy fruit and spit out the seeds. Depulping increases the rate of seed germination. Monkeys spit some seeds out in the immediate vicinity of the plant and carry others further away in their cheek pouches (84% of S. multiflorus subsp katherinae seeds and 78% of S. puniceus seeds were dispersed further than 1 m away from the parent plant). Both species occur in very specific spatially restricted habitats; S. multiflorus subspecies katherinae is confined to patches of swamp within forests, while S. puniceus is confined to small bush clumps in a grassland mosaic. Monkey‐mediated seed dispersal may be advantageous for these two Scadoxus species as it ensures that some seeds are spat out in the immediate spatially restricted habitats of the parent plants, while others are carried through cheek‐pouching to more distant habitat patches.
Broken gods: Collaborative filmmaking in troubled times
Authors: Tilche Alice
Published: May 2022

Drawing on my involvement in the production of Broken Gods, a film that documents the growing participation of India's indigenous groups in projects of cultural erasure and conversion to Hinduism, this article reflects on the relations and tensions between a commitment to collaboration and critique. The film was co‐designed with indigenous communities, although such collaboration became impossible due to contrasting religious‐political affiliations. Collaborative techniques such as feedback resulted in challenging censorship claims that could only be resolved by reclaiming the importance of critique. Collaborative projects with nonanthropologists have often gone alongside a public or engaged anthropology, recasting ethnography as an act of citizenship with the potential to intervene in existing struggles (Lassiter 2005). Within these projects, anthropologists have traditionally taken the side of the oppressed. Yet, what happens when the marginal groups anthropologists traditionally championed align with the powerful forces anthropologists traditionally critiqued? How do we collaborate with groups we disagree with? And how do we represent disagreement in collaboration? The article approaches these questions via a consideration of methods, demonstrating how different media—and film, in particular—have different impacts on the possibilities and forms of both collaboration and critique.
Sodium supply from administered blood products was associated with severe intraventricular haemorrhage in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Späth Cornelia , Stoltz Sjöström Elisabeth , Ågren Johan , Ahlsson Fredrik , Domellöf Magnus
Published: May 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between sodium supply, fluid volume, sodium imbalances and severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) in extremely preterm (EPT) infants.

Methods

We used data from the EXtremely PREterm infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS) cohort consisting of all infants born at 22 to 26 gestational weeks from 2004 to 2007 and conducted a nested case–control study. For every infant with severe IVH (grade 3 or peri‐ventricular haemorrhagic infarction), one IVH‐free control infant with the birthday closest to the case infant and matched for hospital, sex, gestational age and birth weight was selected (n = 70 case–control pairs).

Results

Total sodium supply and fluid volume were higher in infants with severe IVH compared with controls [daily total sodium supply until postnatal Day 2: mean ± SD (mmol/kg/day): 5.49 ± 2.53 vs. 3.95 ± 1.91, p = 0.009]. These differences were accounted for by sodium and fluid from transfused blood products. High plasma sodium concentrations or large sodium fluctuations were not associated with severe IVH.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a relationship between sodium‐rich transfusions of blood products and severe IVH in EPT infants. It is unclear whether this is an effect of sodium load, volume load or some other transfusion‐related factor.
Call me maybe: Risk factors of impaired social contact during the COVID‐19 pandemic and associations with well‐being
Authors: Rudert Selma C. , Janke Stefan
Published: May 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic caused major societal changes worldwide, with the most notable being lockdowns and restrictions on social contact. We conducted a longitudinal study (total n = 1907) in Germany with two time points to (1) identify demographic risk factors of impaired social contact during the pandemic, as well as investigate potential consequences of (2) impaired social contact and (3) different modes of communication on individuals' well‐being during the first lockdown in spring 2020. Results indicate that particularly individuals living alone and being unable to work reported a lower frequency of (face‐to‐face) contact in comparison with participants living with others or working. Impaired social contact was indirectly associated with a negative development in well‐being (life satisfaction, anxiety and depression) over time, and this relation was mediated via relatedness. Moreover, the frequency of face‐to‐face and phone communication during lockdown was positively associated with relatedness and well‐being; however, digital communication was not. The findings stress the importance of maintaining social contact in times of social distancing and of fostering reconnection between individuals once the pandemic is over.
Import demand elasticities based on quantity data: Theory and evidence
Authors: Ferguson Shon M. , Smith Aaron
Published: May 2022

Correct estimates of import demand elasticities are essential for measuring the gains from trade and predicting the impact of trade policies. We show that estimates of import demand elasticities hinge critically on whether they are derived using trade quantities or trade values, and this difference is due to properties of the estimators. Using partial identification methods, we show theoretically that the upper bound on the set of plausible estimates is lower when using traded quantities, compared to the standard approach using trade values. Our theoretical predictions are confirmed using detailed product‐level data on US imports for the years 1993 to 2006. Our proposed method using traded quantities leads to smaller point estimates of the import demand elasticities for many goods and imply larger gains from trade compared to estimates based on trade values.
Could, would, should: Theory of mind and deontic reasoning in Tongan children
Authors: Taumoepeau Mele , Kata ‘Ungatea Fonua , Veikune ‘Ana Heti , Lotulelei Susana , Vea Peseti Tupou’ila , Fonua ‘Ilaisaane
Published: May 2022

This study examined the developmental profiles of children's social reasoning about individual agentive and deontic concerns. Tongan children (N = 140, 47.9% male), aged 4–8 years, were given a set of mentalistic (standard theory‐of‐mind) and deontic reasoning tasks. On average, children found diverse desires, knowledge access, hidden emotion, and belief emotion easier than the false‐belief and diverse belief tasks. Tongan children were sensitive to social norms governing behavior, and this information was recruited for predicting behavior in a false‐belief task when embedded in a socially normative context. We discuss the potential for cultural mandates to shape children's social understanding and the impact of culture on our theoretical framing of children's development.
Detection and management of milk allergy: Delphi consensus study
Authors: Allen Hilary I. , Pendower Ursula , Santer Miriam , Groetch Marion , Cohen Mitchell , Murch Simon H. , Williams Hywel C. , Munblit Daniel , Katz Yitzhak , Gupta Neeraj , Adil Sabeen , Baines Justine , de Bont Eefje G. P. M. , Ridd Matthew , Sibson Victoria L. , McFadden Alison , Koplin Jennifer J. , Munene Josephine , Perkin Michael R. , Sicherer Scott H. , Boyle Robert J.
Published: May 2022

Background

There is significant overdiagnosis of milk allergy in young children in some countries, leading to unnecessary use of specialized formula. This guidance, developed by experts without commercial ties to the formula industry, aims to reduce milk allergy overdiagnosis and support carers of children with suspected milk allergy.

Methods

Delphi study involving two rounds of anonymous consensus building and an open meeting between January and July 2021. Seventeen experts in general practice, nutrition, midwifery, health visiting, lactation support and relevant areas of paediatrics participated, located in Europe, North America, Middle East, Africa, Australia and Asia. Five authors of previous milk allergy guidelines and seven parents provided feedback.

Findings

Participants agreed on 38 essential recommendations through consensus. Recommendations highlighted the importance of reproducibility and specificity for diagnosing milk allergy in children with acute or delayed symptoms temporally related to milk protein ingestion; and distinguished between children directly consuming milk protein and exclusively breastfed infants. Consensus was reached that maternal dietary restriction is not usually necessary to manage milk allergy, and that for exclusively breastfed infants with chronic symptoms, milk allergy diagnosis should only be considered in specific, rare circumstances. Consensus was reached that milk allergy diagnosis does not need to be considered for stool changes, aversive feeding or occasional spots of blood in stool, if there is no temporal relationship with milk protein ingestion. When compared with previous guidelines, these consensus recommendations resulted in more restrictive criteria for detecting milk allergy and a more limited role for maternal dietary exclusions and specialized formula.

Interpretation

These new milk allergy recommendations from non‐conflicted, multidisciplinary experts advise narrower criteria, more prominent support for breastfeeding and less use of specialized formula, compared with current guidelines.
Mobile phone parenting in work‐separated Chinese families with young children left behind: A qualitative inquiry into parenting dimensions and determinants
Authors: Liang Ruwen , Yang Yi , Van Leeuwen Karla
Published: May 2022

Although recent studies have documented how working‐elsewhere parents remotely achieved parenting through mobile phones, namely, ‘mobile phone parenting’ (MPP), a comprehensive conceptualization of MPP dimensions remains underexplored. Very few researchers have focused on the case of millions of work‐separated families with young left‐behind children from rural China from the perspectives of parenting dimensions and parenting process (determinants of parenting). By a thematic analysis approach, this qualitative study analysed interview data from 21 rural‐to‐urban Chinese migrant parents to characterize and contextualize their MPP behaviours. Narratives were organized into the first theme, MPP dimensions, including parental support (responsivity and autonomy granting), psychological control and behavioural control (directive control, proactive control and harsh punitive control). The second theme reflected that parents' perceptions of their own and offspring's well‐being, family media literacy and co‐parenting could elucidate the process of these participants' MPP practices. There was evidence for the consistency with universal parenting dimensions, but also for some unique MPP behaviours in the context of migration and remote communications. The findings indicate the importance and ecological complexity of MPP that involves technologies, multiple participants and their interplay. The conceptual framework originating from this study may be used in future studies and guide quantitative assessments of MPP.
Further validation of the Perceptions of Uncertainties in Genome Sequencing scale among patients with cancer undergoing tumor sequencing
Authors: Umstead Kendall L. , Campbell Rachel , Napier Christine E. , Bartley Nicole , Best Megan C. , Butow Phyllis N. , Biesecker Barbara B.
Published: May 2022

It is important to understand how individuals perceive uncertainties and the consequent impact on their psychological well‐being and health behavior. The Perceptions of Uncertainties in Genome Sequencing (PUGS) scale measures clinical, affective, and evaluative uncertainties about information from sequencing. The PUGS scale has been shown to be valid and reliable among individuals receiving results about their genomes. This study assessed whether its validity generalized to patients with cancer undergoing tumor sequencing. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on data from the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics Program (n = 310) to identify a measurement model. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to determine the adequacy of the resulting fit. EFA identified the same three‐factor structure reported previously. CFA confirmed that the measurement model yielded a good fit (χ2/df = 3.72, CFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.05, and RMSEA = 0.09) and satisfied convergent and discriminant validity. These findings provide further evidence of the validity and reliability of the PUGS scale in measuring three types of uncertainty. Continued application will facilitate an evidence‐based approach to intervention and enhance understanding of what it is like to receive results. In turn, this will improve clinical outcomes as undergoing sequencing becomes an increasingly common experience.
Prediction of the reactive dye recipe in cotton fabric dyeing using the pad‐dry‐pad‐steam process by particle swarm optimisation‐least squares support vector machine with matching database
Authors: Yu Chengbing , Cao Wengang , Wang Qingxuan , Zhe Zheng , Li Qihang , Ning Jinyan
Published: May 2022

Compared with manual matching, computer colour matching is faster and more reliable. Computer colour‐matching results are determined by the method used; however, in practical application, the accuracy of colour matching still needs to be improved. In this paper, we first designed a series of colour‐matching schemes with two reactive dyes, Levafix Blue and Levafix Amber, then dyed cotton fabric through the pad‐dry‐pad‐steam process, and finally established the matching database. Furthermore, two colour‐matching sub‐models were developed by least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to predict the dye recipe in cotton fabric dyeing, while particle swarm optimisation (PSO) was applied to optimise and tune the parameters of the LSSVM models. Herein, the model inputs are the colour parameters L*, a* and b* of the dyed samples and the model output is dye concentration. It is confirmed that the colour‐matching models have excellent evaluation indexes and colour‐matching effects. The coefficient of determination is more than 0.99, and the colour‐matching precision is more than 98%. All the results prove that the colour‐matching models by PSO‐LSSVM can be accurately applied in practical dyeing to predict the reactive dye recipe, which is suitable for use on an industrial scale.
Pityriasis rosea in pregnancy: A case series and literature review
Authors: Wenger‐Oehn Lena , Graier Thomas , Ambros‐ Rudolph Christina , Müllegger Robert , Bittighofer Christina , Wolf Peter , Hofer Angelika
Published: May 2022

Background and objective

Pityriasis rosea (PR), a common skin disease in young adults, may adversely affects the course of pregnancy and the unborn child.

Patients and methods

Data from forty‐six pregnant women with PR seen in the dermatological university clinic between 2003 and 2018 were analyzed and compared with patient data (n = 53) from previously published studies to determine the incidence and risk factors for an unfavorable pregnancy outcome after PR infection.

Results

Unfavorable pregnancy outcomes (defined as miscarriage, preterm delivery before week 37 of gestation, or birth weight < 2,500 g) were significantly less frequent in our study population than in a pooled cohort obtained from previously published studies (10.9 % vs. 39.6 %; P = 0.0012). Analysis of pooled data from our study and from previous studies revealed that the week of pregnancy at onset of PR was inversely associated with an unfavorable outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.937; 95 % CI 0.883 to 0.993). In addition, duration of PR (OR = 1.432; 95 % CI 1.129 to 1.827), additional extracutaneous symptoms (OR = 4.112; 95 % CI 1.580 to 10.23), and widespread rash distribution (OR 5.203, 95 % CI 1.702 to 14.89) were directly associated with unfavorable outcome.

Conclusion

In most cases, PR does not influence pregnancy or birth outcomes.
Studying children's growth in self‐regulation using changing measures to account for heterotypic continuity: A Bayesian approach to developmental scaling
Authors: Hosch Alexis , Oleson Jacob J. , Harris Jordan L. , Goeltz Mary Taylor , Neumann Tabea , LeBeau Brandon , Hazeltine Eliot , Petersen Isaac T.
Published: May 2022

Self‐regulation is thought to show heterotypic continuity–its individual differences endure but its behavioral manifestations change across development. Thus, different measures across time may be necessary to account for heterotypic continuity of self‐regulation. This longitudinal study examined children's (N = 108) self‐regulation development using 17 measures, including 15 performance‐based measures, two questionnaires, and three raters across seven time points. It is the first to use different measures of self‐regulation over time to account for heterotypic continuity while using developmental scaling to link the measures onto the same scale for more accurate growth estimates. Assessed facets included inhibitory control, delayed gratification, sustained attention, and executive functions. Some measures differed across ages to retain construct validity and account for heterotypic continuity. A Bayesian longitudinal mixed model for developmental scaling was developed to link the differing measures onto the same scale. This allowed charting children's self‐regulation growth across ages 3–7 years and relating it to both predictors and outcomes. Rapid growth occurred from ages 3–6. As a validation of the developmental scaling approach, greater self‐regulation was associated with better school readiness (math and reading skills) and fewer externalizing problems. Our multi‐wave, multi‐facet, multi‐method, multi‐measure, multi‐rater, developmental scaling approach is the most comprehensive to date for assessing the development of self‐regulation. This approach demonstrates that developmental scaling may enable studying development of self‐regulation across the lifespan.
Cell‐free DNA levels are increased in acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Kroeze Anna , Cornelissen Anne S. , Pascutti M. Fernanda , Verheij Myrddin , Bulder Ingrid , Klarenbeek Sjoerd , Ait Soussan Aicha , Hazenberg Mette D. , Nur Erfan , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Voermans Carlijn , Zeerleder Sacha S.
Published: May 2022

Background

Cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) and nucleosomes, consisting of cfDNA and histones, are markers of cell activation and damage. In systemic inflammation these markers predict severity and fatality. However, the role of cfDNA in acute Graft‐versus‐Host Disease (aGvHD), a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is unknown.

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cfDNA as a marker of aGvHD.

Methods

We followed nucleosome levels in 37 allogeneic HSCT patients and an established xenotransplantation mouse model. We determined the origin of cfDNA with a species‐specific polymerase chain reaction.

Results

In the plasma of aGvHD patients, nucleosome levels significantly increased around the time of aGvHD diagnosis compared to pretransplant, concurrently with a significant increase of known aGvHD markers ST2 and REG3α. In mice, we confirmed that nucleosomes were elevated during clinically detectable aGvHD. We found cfDNA to be mainly of human origin and to a lesser extent of mouse origin, indicating that cfDNA is released by (proliferating) human xeno‐reactive PBMC and damaged mouse cells.

Conclusion

We show increased cfDNA both in an aGvHD mouse model and in aGvHD patients. We also demonstrate that donor hematopoietic cells and to a lesser degree (damaged) host cells are the cellular source of cfDNA in aGvHD. We propose that nucleosomes and cfDNA might be an additive marker for aGvHD.
The relationship of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament levels with magnetic resonance imaging lesion location and disease activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Adams Ashok , Tilden William , Bestwick Jonathan , Holden David , Bianchi Lucia , Smets Ide , Giovannoni Gavin , Gnanapavan Sharmilee
Published: May 2022

Background and purpose

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is an accepted biomarker of disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its relationship with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity particularly in reference to lesion location and recurrent activity is not well understood.

Methods

In 139 MS patients who underwent lumbar punctures with follow‐up in 25, the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL and cranial MRI based on lesion location and lesion number was evaluated. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the association between CSF NfL and MRI lesion location and lesion counts at baseline and follow‐up at 1 year. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess which lesion location was most strongly associated with CSF NfL values.

Results

The associations between baseline CSF NfL and lesion location and follow‐up lesions were modest, whilst those between baseline MRI and follow‐up CSF NfL were greater: periventricular (r = 0.31, p = 0.141), juxtacortical (r = 0.47, p = 0.022), infratentorial (r = 0.71, p ≤ 0.001) and cord lesions (r = 0.60, p = 0.002). All associations, however, improved following adjustment for disease duration and type of MS. Modelling revealed 53% of (log) CSF NfL could be explained by variance in baseline MRI lesion location.

Conclusions

Baseline CSF NfL did not correlate with current or future MRI activity and lesion location. However, baseline MRI activity explained around 53% of the variation in the follow‐up CSF NfL, suggesting that the relationship between MRI and CSF NfL is mainly precedent rather than an association, that is one occurring before the other.
Artifical intelligence with optimal deep learning enabled automated retinal fundus image classification model
Authors: Gupta Indresh Kumar , Choubey Abha , Choubey Siddhartha
Published: May 2022

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age related macular degeneration (AMD) becomes widespread microvascular illness among diabetic patients. Traditional retinal fundus image classification requires visual inspection by the professionals, which is time consuming and requires expert's knowledge. Earlier identification of retinal diseases is essential to delay or avoid vision deterioration and vision loss. The recently developed artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) models can be employed for accurate retinal image classification. With this motivation, this study designs a new artificial intelligence with optimal deep convolutional neural network (AI‐ODCNN) technique for retinal fundus image classification. Primarily, the proposed model uses the Gaussian Blur based noise removal and contrast enhancement technique (CLAHE) based contrast enhancement technique to pre‐process the retinal fundus image. In addition, morphology and contour based image segmentation is performed. Moreover, the deep CNN with RMSProp Optimizer is employed for retinal fundus image classification. A wide range of simulations was performed on the automated retinal image analysis and structured analysis of the retina and the outcomes are examined with respect to various measures. The simulation outcomes ensured the better performance of the proposed approach related to other recent algorithms with maximum accuracy of 96.47%.
A multi‐task learning based approach for efficient breast cancer detection and classification
Authors: Mishra Arnab Kumar , Roy Pinki , Bandyopadhyay Sivaji , Das Sujit Kumar
Published: May 2022

Automatic segmentation and classification of breast tumours in ultrasound images using deep learning approaches can help early detect breast cancer. Such predictive modelling can potentially significantly improve the survival chances of the involved patients. Most of the typical deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based approaches consider segmentation and classification tasks separately. But this loses important supervisory information to help achieve better model training. This work proposes the integrated learning of both of these tasks in an end‐to‐end manner, using a multi‐task learning based approach. More specifically, a convolutional encoder‐decoder based architecture is coupled with a residual CNN for performing segmentation and classification together. The level‐wise feature maps from both the encoder and decoder parts of the segmentation network are utilized for classification in the proposed approach. From experimental analysis on a publicly available breast ultrasound image (BUSI) dataset, it has been observed that the proposed approach can achieve impressive performances, both with respect to tumour segmentation and classification. A mean test set AUC of 0.97 and a mean dice score of 0.74 is achieved, establishing a new state‐of‐the‐art performance on the BUSI dataset. From the impressive experimental observations, it can be concluded that learning to perform both segmentation and classification simultaneously can have a very high positive impact on the overall quality of the predictive model. Such observations suggest that the proposed approach can be beneficial in providing real‐time decision support to the involved diagnostic radiologists, which can help improve the survival chances of the corresponding patients.
Toward a better use of fisheries data in spatial planning
Authors: Chollett Iliana , Perruso Larry , O'Farrell Shay
Published: May 2022

In the search for protecting biodiversity, enhancing sustainable resource use, and minimizing conflict among users, spatial planning is now ubiquitous around the globe. Acquiring maps of fishing activity is critical to account for the interests of fishers, but fisheries are generally underrepresented in spatial plans. We conducted a quantitative systematic literature review on how fisheries data have been included in spatial planning. 145 research articles were reviewed. Most studies (99%) assessed marine ecosystems. A kaleidoscope of data sources has been used to map fisheries, from vessel tracking data (11%) to surrogates (17%). Most articles (43%) have focused on mapping fishing effort, but other variables might be more relevant for spatial planning. Stakeholder groups are generally aggregated together (84%), but to achieve socially equitable outcomes, differences in relative importance or vulnerability should be included in the analyses. There ought to be a shift in spatial and temporal scale so that the scale in which fishing activity is recorded matches the scales needed for relevant management. At the planning stage, fishing data have been incorporated mostly to avoid conflict (97%). However, when stocks are overfished, ensuring some areas remain open to fishing and including fisheries in alternative ways to “cost” (which incorporates the economic and social impact of spatial closures) might be necessary. The use of inappropriate fisheries data has produced spatial plans that lead to poor management decisions, social conflict, and lack of compliance. Based on these results, we offer a set of suggestions on how to develop fisheries spatial planning research that will promote environmental and social sustainability.
Value of coastal habitats to commercial fisheries in Jersey, English Channel, and the role of marine protected areas
Authors: Blampied Samantha R. , Sheehan Emma V. , Binney Francis C. T. , Attrill Martin J. , Rees Sian E.
Published: May 2022

Fisheries are in decline worldwide, and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are being advocated as tools that can not only protect and restore biodiversity but also improve fisheries sustainability and protect fisher livelihoods. To understand the role of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in underpinning commercial fisheries, this study demonstrates the economic value of Jersey's benthic substrates (habitats) for five predominant species fished by Jersey and French vessels: Homarus gammarus, Cancer pagurus, Maja brachydactyla, Pecten maximus and Buccinum undatum. Value was apportioned between habitats that support these commercial species across their essential life history stages, and the proportional economic value that was protected from bottom‐towed fishing within MPAs was analysed. Multiple habitats across Jersey's territorial waters contributed a total economic value of £14,664,729, with £4,127,999 protected within MPAs. Overall, subtidal sediment was the most valuable habitat to both Jersey (£2.12 million) and French (£2.47 million) fisheries but was also the least protected habitat from bottom‐towed fishing (2.73%). Our findings support an ecosystem‐based approach to fisheries management and emphasise the importance of considering species life histories, and their habitat requirements, in management plans.
Nitrogen addition to soil affects microbial carbon use efficiency: Meta‐analysis of similarities and differences in 13C and 18O approaches
Authors: Hu Junxi , Huang Congde , Zhou Shixing , Kuzyakov Yakov
Published: May 2022

The carbon use efficiency (CUE) of soil microorganisms is a critical parameter for the first step of organic carbon (C) transformation by and incorporation into microbial biomass and shapes C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. As C and nitrogen (N) cycles interact closely and N availability affects microbial metabolism, N addition to soil may shift the microbial CUE. We conducted a meta‐analysis (100 data pairs) to generalize information about the microbial CUE response to N addition in soil based on the two most common CUE estimation approaches: (i) 13C‐labelled substrate addition (13C‐substrate) and (ii) 18O‐labelled water addition (18O‐H2O). The mean microbial CUE in soils across all biomes and approaches was 0.37. The effects of N addition on CUE, however, were depended on the approach: CUE decreased by 12% if measured by the 13C‐substrate approach, while CUE increased by 11% if measured by the 18O‐H2O approach. These differences in the microbial CUE response depending on the estimation approach are explained by the divergent reactions of microbial growth to N addition: N addition decreases the 13C incorporation into microbial biomass (this parameter is in the numerator by CUE calculation based on the 13C‐substrate approach). In contrast, N addition slightly increases (although statistically insignificant) the microbial growth rate (in the numerator of the CUE calculation when assessed by the 18O‐H2O approach), significantly raising the CUE. We explained these N addition effects based on CUE regulation mechanisms at the metabolic, cell, community, and ecosystem levels. Consequently, the differences in the microbial responses (microbial growth, respiration, C incorporation, community composition, and dormant or active states) between the 13C‐substrate and 18O‐H2O approaches need to be considered. Thus, these two CUE estimation approaches should be compared to understand microbially mediated C and nutrient dynamics under increasing anthropogenic N input and other global change effects.
The influence of surrounding habitat, behaviour and interspecific competition on nestbox use by endangered Glossy Black Cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus)
Authors: Berris Karleah K. , Barth Michael , Mooney Trish
Published: May 2022

Nestboxes have been deployed for parrots and cockatoos (Psittaciformes) worldwide, but there is limited evidence of their efficacy for these species. We examined the use of nestboxes by endangered South Australian Glossy Black Cockatoos Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus, a habitat specialist that feeds almost solely on the seeds of Drooping Sheoak Allocasuarina verticillata trees, and investigated the factors that influenced nestbox use. Between 1998 and 2017, the mean annual proportion of nesting attempts that successfully fledged a chick was similar in nestboxes (52%, n = 547) and natural hollows (53%, n = 627). Nestbox use increased over time, which may reflect changes in the size and extent of the Glossy Black Cockatoo population over the study period. Nestboxes were more likely to be used by Glossy Black Cockatoos if they were close to the nest of another breeding pair and were not occupied by Yellow‐tailed Black Cockatoos Zanda funerea early in the breeding season. Nestboxes were also more likely to be used if they had been used in the previous breeding season, indicating nest‐site fidelity. The amount of A. verticillata feeding habitat in a 1‐km and 5‐km radius did not significantly influence nestbox use. Our study provides further evidence of the value of nestboxes to cockatoo conservation programmes, but also suggests that multiple factors other than local food availability influence uptake by a target species. Given that Glossy Black Cockatoos prefer to aggregate their nests, nestboxes for this species are most likely to be beneficial when they are used to expand the capacity of existing breeding areas or are clustered in the landscape. Our study demonstrates that well‐designed nestbox deployments should consider the preferred social groupings of cockatoos during the breeding season, and the location of competitor species, in order to maximize nestbox uptake.
NETWORK EXTERNALITIES, DOMINANT VALUE MARGINS, AND EQUILIBRIUM UNIQUENESS
Authors: CHOI JAY PIL , STEFANADIS CHRISTODOULOS
Published: May 2022

We examine tippy network markets that accommodate price discrimination. The analysis shows that when a mild equilibrium refinement, the monotonicity criterion, is adopted, network competition may have a unique subgame‐perfect equilibrium regarding the winner's identity; the prevailing brand may be fully determined by its product features. We bring out the concept of the dominant value margin, which is a metric of the effectiveness of divide‐and‐conquer strategies. The supplier with the larger dominant value margin may always sell to all customers in equilibrium. Such a market outcome is not necessarily socially efficient.
Formulation, characterisation and sensory evaluation of Bio‐Cal instant jelly fortified with chicken bone‐based nano‐biogenic hydroxyapatite
Authors: Liaqat Saba , Ahmed Zaheer
Published: May 2022

This study was aimed to develop Bio‐Cal instant jelly enriched with nano‐biogenic hydroxyapatite (HAp) that was extracted from chicken bone bio‐waste. For HAp preparation, collected sample was proceeded for washing, drying, grinding, sieving, sintering (750°C) and ultra‐sonication. Resultant HAp was characterised by spectroscopy techniques. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peak of PO43‐ was visible at 1019.76 cm−1 in nano‐biogenic HAp that corresponds to existence of calcium salt. Particle size ranged from 100 to 800 nm, whereas calcium content was found 26.9 ± 0.09 ppm by Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed irregular agglomerated nano‐sized crystals while X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) presented crystalline behaviour at 2θ with intensity 213 a.u. The Ca/P ratio based on Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis was 1.82. HAp was further used to develop Bio‐Cal instant jelly with four different formulations; 0%, 0.33%, 0.66% and 1%. Texture profile analysis (TPA) was done to determine cohesiveness, adhesiveness and elasticity of jelly, whereas viscosity ranged from 0.68 ± 0.01 to 0.89 ± 0.01 mm. pH of all formulations lied within the range of 5.52 ± 0.04 to 5.57 ± 0.01. The best acceptability of jelly was seen in ‘nano‐biogenic HAp‐A1’ formulation with mean 7.87 ± 0.35 that may play significant role in minimising calcium risk among end‐users.
Co‐folding scallop muscle proteins with soy β‐conglycinin or glycinin towards composites with tunable solubility and digestibility
Authors: Sun Ruitong , Na Xiaokang , Zheng Xiaohan , Chen Yeming , Du Ming , Wang Tao , Wu Chao
Published: May 2022

Edible proteins with high solubility, designable nutritional properties and tunable digestibility are attractive. Scallop muscle proteins (SMPs) are representative marine proteins, which have a poor water‐solubility and thus inferior solubility‐related physicochemical properties. Here, by unfolding SMPs and soy proteins at pH 12.0 followed by shifting to pH 7.0 to refold them together, soluble composite structures were formed, characteristic of uniform nanospheres with a diameter of ~100 nm. Owing to embedment of hydrophobic pockets whereas exposure of hydrophilic moieties, the solubility of SMPs was enhanced from 26% to 91%, depending on the mass ratio of β‐conglycinin/glycinin (7S/11S). Furthermore, the digestibility of the composites can be delicately modulated by harnessing the same stimulus, which highlighted future design of edible proteins with controllable digestion. This study provides a robust and facile strategy for developing edible proteins with tailorable structures and structure‐related functional and nutritional characteristics.
Effects of papain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1‐24‐LJ and their combinations on bacterial community changes and flavour improvement in Suanzhayu, a Chinese traditional fish
Authors: Lv Jing , Lin Xinping , Wang Wenqing , Xu Wenhuan , Li Caichan , Ji Chaofan , Liang Huipeng , Li Shengjie , Zhang Sufang , Zhu Beiwei
Published: May 2022

Suanzhayu is a traditional Chinese fermented fish that often faces a long fermentation time (about 1 month) and unstable quality. This study evaluated the combined effects of papain and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1‐24‐LJ, a selected starter culture, on the quality of Suanzhayu. The addition of L. plantarum and/or papain increased the content of alcohols, esters, ketones and umami amino acids (UAAs), but decreased the content of bitter amino acids (BAAs). Besides, Lactobacillus might play a role in reducing harmful bacteria and BAAs content and increasing UAAs content, while Lactococcus and Weissella contributed to the characteristic flavour of Suanzhayu. Overall, no significant improvement in sensory quality was observed with the addition of papain alone, while better quality and faster fermentation processes were obtained with the addition of L. plantarum 1‐24‐LJ alone or in combination with papain. The results contribute to quality control in Suanzhayu production and the selection of starter cultures.
Effect of storage time on the microbial, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ovine whey‐based fruit beverages
Authors: Nedanovska Emilija , Jakopović Katarina Lisak , Daniloski Davor , Vaskoska Rozita , Vasiljevic Todor , Barukčić Irena
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study was to establish the physicochemical, sensory and microbiological quality of ovine whey‐based fruit beverages produced from pasteurised ovine whey (mango flavoured–sugar sweetened [M‐Su], pineapple flavoured–extra sugar sweetened [P‐ESu], and tropical fruit flavoured–stevia sweetened [T‐St]), and the changes in quality of these beverage types during the 15‐day storage. The beverages were evaluated for their pH, colour, sediment and particle size distribution, microbiological count and sensory quality. No significant differences in the pH and the microbial counts among the beverages were noted during the storage period; however, the particle size distribution reflected the sediment formation that significantly decreased during the same period in all beverage types. The beverages were getting lighter during storage, which was evident by increasing L* and decreasing a* values for colour. All three beverage types had very high scores for taste and odour after 9 days, and colour and sediment after 5 days of storage. Beverage‐type T‐St was most preferred by consumers, with the highest scores for taste, odour and sensory appearance. These results can assist in the better determination of the deteriorative changes in a variety of ovine whey‐based beverages, necessary changes in product composition that might result in improved product quality, and yet reducing losses incurred during ovine milk processing. In this sense, this research's findings contribute to the utilisation of whey beverages by the dairy industry to the development of functional products.
Urinary symptoms and incontinence in postmenopausal women and the effects on quality of life
Authors: Demirtaş Fatma Aslan , Başar Fatma , Aba Yılda Arzu
Published: May 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effects of urinary symptoms and incontinence on quality of life in postmenopausal women. The sample of the cross‐sectional study consisted of 327 women aged 50–65 who visited primary healthcare centers between 16 April and 30 July 2018. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Urinary Symptom Profile Questionnaire (USP) and the Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (I‐QOL). The mean age of the women participating in the study was 57.89 ± 5.05. It was found that 50.5% of the women had a history of incontinence. While the total mean USP score of all women participating in the study was 4.94 ± 4.81, it was 7.98 ± 4.85 for the women with a history of incontinence. The mean total I‐QOL score was 87.09 ± 16.04 in all women and 76.95 ± 16.93 in the women with a history of incontinence. The women with a history of incontinence were found to have a strong negative correlation between their total USP and total I‐QOL scores. In this study, it was found that the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence, especially their psychosocial health, was found to be significantly affected.
A nucleic acid amplification test‐based strategy does not help inform return to work for healthcare workers with COVID‐19
Authors: Hijano Diego R. , Hoffman James M. , Webby Richard J. , Tang Li , Hakim Hana , Hayden Randall T. , Gaur Aditya H.
Published: May 2022

Objective

The objective of this study is to assess the utility of a nucleic acid amplification test‐based approach to shorten isolation of healthcare workers (HCWs) with COVID‐19 in the setting of the highly transmissible omicron variant.

Methods

Between December 24, 2021, and January 5, 2022, HCWs who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 were retested with PCR at least 5 days since onset of symptoms.

Results

Forty‐six sequential fully COVID‐19 vaccinated HCWs who had tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 underwent follow‐up testing. All the samples were confirmed as omicron variants and only four (8.7%) were negative in the follow‐up test performed at a median of 6 (range 5–12) since onset of symptoms.

Conclusions

Implementation of a test‐based strategy is logistically challenging, increases costs, and did not lead to shorter isolation in our institution.
Highly conductive mesoporous hierarchical carbon hollow fibers fabricated via confinement of TiO2 coating by ALD
Authors: Chin Tzu‐Kang , Liao Ming‐Wei , Perng Tsong‐Pyng
Published: May 2022

A polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber composed of interconnected nanofibers within its wall was employed as a template to deposit with a layer of TiO2 by atomic layer deposition. Direct nitridation of the TiO2‐coated PSF hollow fiber at 800 and 1000°C was conducted, and a new hierarchical structure of TiOxN1−x and TiN@nitrogen‐doped carbon hollow fibers, respectively, was formed. The PSF fiber served as the source of carbon and was directly transformed to a nitrogen‐doped carbon fiber because the shape change was confined by the TiO2 coating. In the meantime, TiOxN1−x or TiN was formed after the nitridation of TiO2. X‐ray photoelectron spectrometric analysis indicated that there was no chemical bonding between the nitridized coating and the carbon nanofibers. It implies that the nitridation of TiO2 and carbonization of PSF proceed independently and simultaneously in the nitridation process. Raman spectroscopic analysis also confirmed the formation of graphitic lattice and Ti–N bonding. Electrical measurement indicated that both fibers were highly conductive, with the electrical resistivity in the order of 10−5 Ω m, which is lower than those of amorphous carbon and graphite along the direction perpendicular to the basal plane.