bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING READING COMPETENCE ON THE CBI/STEM DOMAIN
Authors: MASHARIPOVA Feruza
Published: October 2022

The article reports on the experience obtained through teaching reading strategies in the CBI domain at Urgench State University (Uzbekistan) that demonstrated the importance of scaffolding techniques in teaching both General English and CBI. Effective approaches to scaffolding implemented in the teaching process that provided easier immersion in the academic content and boosted students’ language acquisition are presented. It is advisable to pay particular attention to enhancing students' reading proficiency as part of the development of their academic learning abilities since reading constitutes the majority of the cognitive load in academic studies. In Central Asia, educators require their students to have a strong foundation in STEM literacy from an early age. This mandate forces colleges and institutions to give students the skills they need to be open to collaboration, integration, innovation, and lifelong learning. A multidimensional and inter-disciplinary approach is crucial from the students' point of view following work placement as it adds more value to local and global issues. Project-based learning tasks, real-world problem-solving tasks, team-based collaborative learning activities, and fostering leadership are all 21st century soft skills that can enhance and help to promote excellence in both learning and teaching STEM education.
TARJIMA JARAYONINING MUTARJIM PSIXOLOGIYASIGA TA’SIRI
Authors: KASIMOVA Rano
Published: October 2022

Maqolada tarjima muallif, personaj, kitobxon (resipient), mutarjim va tarjima tili resipienti psixologiyasi bilan uzviy bog‘liqligi tahlil etilgan. Shuningdek, tarjima tili matnini yaratishda mazkur kategoriyalardan biri, ya’ni tarjima jarayoni va tarjimon psixologiyasiga ta’sir etuvchi omillarga e’tibor qaratilgan. Intertekstuallik termini mohiyati, uning tarjima sohasiga tadbig‘i, tarjimashunoslikning intertekstuallik nuqtai nazardan talqin etilishi ochib berilgan. Jahon adabiyotshunoslari va tarjimashunoslarining intertekstuallik va tarjimashunoslikka munosabatlari, interteks-tuallik nazariyasi va tarjima nazariyasi xususiyatlari, jumladan, tarjimaning diskurs yaratish jarayonida turli korpuslar bir-biri bilan kesishuvi, matnning boshqa matnlarga ta’siri, ularning o‘zaro aloqadorligini ko‘rsatadigan geterogen xususiyati borasida fikr yuritilgan. An’anaviy tarjimashunoslik bilan tarjimashunoslikdagi yangicha yondashuvlar o‘zaro chog‘ishtirilib, ularning farqli jihatlari ko‘rsatib berilgan. Tarjima jarayonidagi tarjimon faoliyati, psixologiyasi, ichki va tashqi omillarga aloqador vaziyatlar, tarjimonlarga qo‘yiladigan talablar o‘rganilgan. Shuningdek, tarjima tili matnini qayta yaratishda mutarjim psixologiyasiga ta’sir o‘tkazuvchi ijtimoiy-madaniy, diniy tafovutlar, turlicha fikrlash tarzi, geografik joylashuv, gender psixologik farq, estetik mafkura singari omillar sanab o‘tilib, asliyat va tarjima manbalaridan keltirilgan misollar asosida izohlangan. Tarjima jarayonida genderlik munosabatlari ham tilga olinib, mutarjim asliyat matnini o‘qish va talqin qilish jarayonida ayol va erkak ijodkorlar uslubi, dunyoqarashidagi o‘ziga xosliklar hamda keskin tafovutlar talqin etilgan. Tarjima tilida turli variantlarning yuzaga kelish sabablari izohlangan.
Кинетическая оценка и оптимизация процесса сушки 3D-печатных макаронных изделий
Authors: Мартеха Александр Николаевич , Каверина Юлия Евгеньевна
Published: October 2022

Предпосылки проведения исследования: Моделирование наплавленным осаждением - наиболее часто используемая технология 3D-печати в пищевой промышленности. В этой технологии параметры печати и структурно-механические свойства продукта, предназначенного для печати, играют важную роль в качестве конечного продукта.Заполняемый пробел в существующем знании и цель исследования: Данное исследование было направлено на использование процесса сушки в качестве инструмента для улучшения качества 3D-печати макаронных изделий. Целью данной работы было оценить влияние режимных параметров процесса сушки и найти их оптимальные значения для обеспечения качества макаронных изделий, полученных путем 3D-печати.Материалы и методы исследования: Объектом исследования настоящей работы были макаронные изделия, полученные в результате 3D-печати. Для локального нагрева экструдированного продукта используется сушка горячим воздухом и инфракрасным нагревом. Для оптимизации процесса сушки применялась методология поверхности отклика. В качестве основных переменных, влияющих на процесс сушки, были выбраны: мощность нагрева, время обработки и расстояние от источника нагрева. Максимальная потеря массы продукта в сочетании с максимальной температурой ниже 100 °C в течении всего времени обработки составляет задачу оптимизации.Результаты и их применение: Получены уравнения регрессии и поверхности отклика для сушки горячим воздухом. При времени обработки 1,5 мин, значение мощности нагрева составляет 2 ед., а расстояния от подложки до источника нагрева 1,77 см. Отмеченные значения независимых переменных для функции отклика можно считать оптимальными. При этих параметрах обеспечивается температура подложки 140,6 °C, максимальная температура в центре образца 97,9 °C и потеря массы образца 17,7%. Результаты исследования могут быть адаптированы для пищевых продуктов с измененной текстурой, в зависимости от условий постобработки, которым она подвергается.
Влияние полисахаридного комплекса в стеновом материале эмульсионного геля на качество шоколадно-ореховой начинки для кондитерских изделий
Authors: Бутин Сергей Анатольевич , Васькина Валентина Андреевна , Щеголева Ирина Дмитриевна
Published: October 2022

Предпосылки проведения исследования: Шоколадно-ореховая начинка для кондитерских изделий традиционно производится с твердым жиром, что не соответствует современным критериям здорового питания.  Замена твердого жира на жидкое растительное масло имеет ряд технологических проблем, которые не были ранее исследованы и решены. Заполняемый пробел в существующем знании и цель исследования: Авторы статьи предложили вводить в начинку растительное масло в форме эмульсионного геля, структурированного белково-полисахаридной смесью. В формировании физических свойств эмульсионного геля большое значение имеет состав белково-полисахаридной смеси, которая служит стеновым материалом, стабилизирующими эмульсию. С целью совершенствования рецептуры шоколадно-ореховой начинки было исследовано влияние состава белково-полисахаридной смеси на ее способность формировать эмульсионные гели из подсолнечного масла и использование их для замены твердого жира в начинке. Материалы и методы исследования: Белково-полисахаридные смеси готовили из изолята белка сои и полисахаридных комплексов, состоящих из альгината натрия, гуммиарабика, карбоксиметилцеллюлозы и пектина. Проведены исследования пенообразующих и эмульсионных свойств белково-полисахаридных смесей, состоящих из изолята белка сои и отдельных полисахаридов, бинарных и тройных смесей полисахаридов. По результатам исследования приготовлены эмульсионные гели из подсолнечного масла и получены образцы шоколадно-ореховых начинок. Результаты и их применение:  Установлено, лучшие функциональные свойства имеют белково-полисахаридные смеси, содержащие изолят белка сои и тройные смеси полисахаридов, с преимуществом полисахаридного комплекса, содержащего альгинат натрия, гуммиарабик и пектин. Белково-полисахаридная смесь указанного состава позволяет сформировать из подсолнечного масла устойчивый эмульсионный гель, который может полностью заменить в начинке молочный жир (в составе молока сгущенного) без ухудшения физико-химических и органолептических показателей начинки, при повышении ее пищевой ценности. Разработана рецептура шоколадно-ореховой начинки с введением подсолнечного масла за счет применения белково-полисахаридной смеси, состоящей из изолята белка сои и комплекса полисахаридов – альгинат натрия, гуммиарабик, пектин. Полученные результаты открывают возможности создания серии новых рецептур шоколадно-ореховых начинок для разных видов кондитерских изделий с введением растительных масел, обладающих высокой биологической ценностью.
Обоснование дополнительных требований к воздуху рабочих зон для повышения сохранности мучных кондитерских изделий
Authors: Руденко Оксана Сергеевна , Баженова Алла Евгеньевна , Кондратьев Николай Борисович , Щербакова Наталья Алексеевна , Пестерев Михаил Алексеевич
Published: October 2022

Предпосылки проведения исследования: Кондитерские изделия являются крупнейшей макрокатегорией в корзине российского потребителя Популярность мучных кондитерских изделий подтверждается тем, что в настоящее время открываются цеха их производства представителями большинства крупных торговых сетей. Для предотвращения преждевременной порчи продукции контроль загрязнённости воздуха рабочей среды внутри производственных помещений так же важен, как и микробиологический анализ сырья и образцов готовой продукции. При этом особенно важно определить критические точки для проведения контроля чистоты и микробиологической обсеменённости воздуха рабочих зон.

Заполняемый пробел в существующем знании и цель исследования: В настоящее время для кондитерских производств отсутствуют рекомендации по контрольным точкам и требованиям к чистоте воздуха рабочих зон. Установление их особенно важно для цехов по производству мучных кондитерских изделий с высокой и промежуточной влажностью. Целью данной работы является обоснование дополнительных требований к воздуху рабочих зон на основе результатов исследований микробиологических параметров воздушной среды для обеспечения сохранности мучных кондитерских изделий.

Материалы и методы исследования: Объекты исследования – мучные кондитерские изделия с массовой долей влаги 20%, кекс и ромовая баба, сырье и полуфабрикаты, образцы воздуха рабочих зон в цехе по производству мучных кондитерских изделий. Пробы воздуха отбирали с помощью микробиологического пробоотборника ActiveCount 100. Исследовали массовую долю влаги, активность воды образцов мучных кондитерских изделий и микробиологические показатели мучных кондитерских изделий, сырья, полуфабрикатов и проб воздуха стандартными методами.

Результаты и их применение: На основе анализа технологической линии производства обоснованы критические точки возможного микробиологического загрязнения сырья, полуфабрикатов и готовой продукции. Установлено, что микробиологические показатели образцов воздуха в рабочей зоне воздуха отличались по качественному и количественному составу в зависимости от места забора проб. Воздух после охлаждения содержит значительное количество плесеней, что, видимо, связано с человеческим фактором. Показано, что воздушная среда в зоне упаковки соответствует классу D по требованиям GMP EC к микробиологическим загрязнениям. Низкие показатели микробиологической обсемененности в этой зоне способствовали низкому риску микробиологической порчи, в процессе хранения кексов и ромовой бабы. После 1 месяца хранения образцов мучных кондитерских изделий содержание микроорганизмов не превышало требований ТР ТС 021. Для обеспечения сохранности мучных кондитерских изделий рекомендовано достижение уровня загрязнённости воздушной среды не более 200 КОЕ/м3.
Анализ влияния параметров хранения и переработки на показатели качества бананов
Authors: Ермолаев Владимир Александрович
Published: October 2022

Введение: Одними из наиболее питательных и полезных фруктов являются бананы, их выращивают практически во всех тропических странах мира. За последние 20 лет объем потребления бананов в России возрос приблизительно в 2 раза. Бананы занимают наибольший удельный вес среди всех импортируемых фруктов. Исследование влияния способа хранения бананов на их качественные показатели и безопасность является одной из актуальных задач, поскольку позволяет продлить их сроки годности. Цель: Целью исследования являлся анализ влияния способа хранения на показатели качества бананов. Новизна работы заключается в том, что были исследованы способы хранения бананов в регулируемой газовой среде с подобранным оптимальным составом и в сушеном виде. Материалы и методы исследования: В качестве объектов исследования выступали бананы марки Prima Donna, 2022 г. урожая. Всего было выбрано 4 способа хранения: при температуре 18°С; при температуре 6°С; в регулируемой газовой среде (РГС) при температуре 18°С; в сушеном виде при температуре 18°С. Регулируемая газовая среда содержала в себе 6% O2 и 5% CO2. Для сушки бананы нарезались в виде пластин, толщиной 10 мм. Сушка осуществлялась конвективным методом до достижения влагосодержания 5%. Температура сушки в разных образцах составляла 40, 50 и 60°С.Органолептическую оценку свежих бананов осуществляли оценкой 4 показателей: внешний вид, вкус, запах, степень зрелости. Каждый из показателей оценивался по 5-бальной шкале.Результаты и их применение: В результате проведенной работы было исследовано влияние способа хранения на безопасность и качественные характеристики бананов. Установлено, что применение регулируемой газовой среды позволяет в некоторой степени повысить сроки хранения свежих бананов, что отражается на улучшении органолептических показателей. Сушить бананы целесообразно при температуре 40°C – при этом наблюдаются низкие потери биологически ценных компонентов. Сушеные бананы рекомендуется хранить не более 12 мес. Они могут использоваться для производства кондитерских полуфабрикатов, хлебобулочных изделий, молочных напитков и других продуктов.
Why MagNet: Quantifying the Complexity of Modeling Power Magnetic Material Characteristics
Authors: Chen Minjie
Published: October 2022

This paper motivates the development of sophisti- cated data-driven models for power magnetic material charac- teristics. Core losses and hysteresis loops are critical information in the design process of power magnetics, yet the physics behind them is not fully understood. Both losses and hysteresis loops change for each magnetic material, are highly nonlinear, and depend heavily on the electrical operating conditions (e.g., wave- form, frequency, amplitude, dc bias), the mechanical properties (e.g. pressure, vibration), as well as temperature and geometry of the magnetic components. Understanding the complexity of these factors is important for the development of accurate models and their applicability and limitations. Existing studies on power magnetics are usually developed based on a small amount of data and do not reveal the full magnetic behavior across a wide range of operating conditions. In this paper, based on a recently developed large-scale open-source database – MagNet – the core losses and hysteresis loops of Mn-Zn ferrites are analyzed over a wide range of amplitudes, frequencies, waveform shapes, dc bias levels, and temperatures, to quantify the complexity of modeling magnetic core losses, amplitude permeability, and hysteresis loops and provide guidelines for modeling power magnetics with data- driven methods. 
How MagNet: Machine Learning Framework for Modeling Power Magnetic Material Characteristics
Authors: Chen Minjie
Published: October 2022

This paper applies machine learning to power mag- netics modeling. We first introduce an open-source database – MagNet – which hosts a large amount of experimentally measured excitation data for many materials across a variety of operating conditions, consisting of more than 500,000 data points in its current state. The processes for data acquisition and data quality control are explained. We then demonstrate a few neural network-based power magnetics modeling tools for modeling the core losses and B–H loops. Machine learning allows multiple factors that may influence the magnetic characteristics to be mod- eled in a unified framework, while provides insights to quantify the complexity of magnetic characteristics and reduce the size of the measurement data required to build a precise model. Neural network models are found to be effective in compressing the measurement data and predicting the material characteristics. The behaviors of a typical power magnetic material (TDK N87) across a wide range of operating conditions (e.g., temperature, waveform, dc-bias) can be well described by a small-scale neural network (204 KB) which is 2,500 times smaller than the raw measured time-series data (512 MB), paving the way for “neural networks as datasheet” to assist power magnetics design. 
Privacy Leakage in GAN Enabled Load Profile Synthesis
Authors: Huang Jiaqi , Wu Chenye
Published: October 2022

Load profile synthesis is a commonly used technique for preserving smart meter data privacy. Recent efforts have successfully integrated advanced generative models, such as the Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), to synthesize high- quality load profiles. Such methods are becoming increasingly popular for conducting privacy-preserving load data analytics. It is commonly believed that performing analyses on synthetic data can ensure certain privacy.

In this paper, we examine this common belief. Specifically, we reveal the privacy leakage issue in load profile synthesis enabled by GAN. We first point out that the synthesis process cannot provide any provable privacy guarantee, highlighting that directly conducting load data analytics based on such data is extremely dangerous. The sample re-appearance risk is then presented under different volumes of training data, which indicates that the original load data could be directly leaked by GAN without any intentional effort from adversaries. Furthermore, we discuss potential approaches that might address this privacy leakage issue. 
Access to information and communication
Authors: Roos Louise , Jordaan André C
Published: October 2022

This paper attempts to estimate the determinants of Internet usage in South Africa in a theoreticallyplausible model. The three-step Engle Yoo estimation technique is applied. The results indicatethat the number of Internet users is dependent on access to personal computers as well as realwages and salaries. An error correction model is estimated and shocks are applied to the longrun variables. The shocks indicate that an increase in wages and salaries is necessary, but notsufficient, for an increase in Internet access. The South African government has implementednumerous policies to address the disparities that exist in the country concerning access toinformation and communication. Policies such as personal income tax relief and skills developmentplay an integral part in addressing limited access to the Internet, although these policies sometimescontradict the perceived objective.
Exploring practitioner constraints in advancing to more senior corporate communication roles
Authors: le Roux Tanya , Steyn Benita
Published: October 2022

The primary objective of this phenomenological exploratory study was to explore the constraintsexperienced by selected corporate communication practitioners in the South African bankingindustry in advancing to more senior corporate communication roles.The literature review indicated various individual, organisational and communication professionconstraints experienced by practitioners. In the empirical study, additional constraints, such asorganisational politics, the length of time spent in the organisation, the practitioner’s lack ofnetworking and relationship building skills, the lack of overseas experience, and the lack of thestandardisation of communication practitioner deliverables, were identified
Power, empowerment and organisational communication
Authors: Oksiutycz Anna
Published: October 2022

Power is an integral part of organisational life. Main schools of thought on the subject of powerin an organisational setting consider power to be either a resource held by individuals anddepartments, or an inherent feature of organisational structure and society. While it is relativelyeasy to identify surface manifestations of power, the deep structures of power are much moredifficult to analyse. Public relations literature focuses on power “held” by public relations practitionersand the power of public relations departments in their relations with other departments in anorganisation, as well as the imbalances of power between the organisations and their respectivepublics. In the context of the increasing complexity of the organisational environment, this articlesuggests the application of organisational cybernetics to public relations theory, and it considersthe role that organisational communication plays in releasing the productive power of employeesand in designing effective organisations through the introduction of recursive organisationalstructures.
Bridging the chasm between theory and research/practice in Communication Science
Authors: du Plooy Gertruida
Published: October 2022

This article investigates the problems experienced by academics and higher education adultlearners when required to conduct research in real-life situations, namely to find a logical link orbridge between theory and research methodology or practice. It is argued that a chasm is foundto exist, due to factors such as alienation between theory and research/practice, the role oflanguage, culture, and, the quest for objectivity. This is a reflective scrutiny addressing the utilitycriterion of theory- building, dialectical and relativist thinking, plus dispositions and skills that adultlearners have to develop to promote creative and critical thinking. Thereafter, five generic dimensionsof metatheoretical perspectives are offered as a possible means of bridging this chasm. The articleconcludes with specific recommendations, which future Communication curricula in higher educationshould address in order to facilitate bridging the divide between theory and research/practice.
creation of an Internet public sphere by South Africa's Independent Electoral Commission and Elections Canada
Authors: Otto Hannelie , Fourie Lynnette , Froneman Johannes
Published: October 2022

A prerequisite for a healthy, sustainable democracy is an informed citizenry that participates inthe democratic process (see Habermas, 1989:49). In recent years much discourse on the mediaand democracy correlation has focused on the potential role of the Internet in facilitating politicalcommunication by establishing a virtual public sphere.This article investigates the extent to which the South African (IEC) and Canadian electoralcommissions’ websites have succeeded in establishing a virtual public sphere. The ElectionsCanada web site (representing an established democracy) has succeeded better at resemblingsome of the normative principles of the public sphere theory than has the IEC.
investigation into the processes used in the production of printed health messages in South Africa
Authors: Snyman Maritha , Penzhorn Cecilia
Published: October 2022

Effective communication processes that include and invite audience participation are crucial forquality health care in a country. In South Africa the importance of this has been an issue ofconsiderable discussion and debate. Critics have pointed out that many of the printed healthmessages and health communication campaigns that use the printed medium in South Africa areineffective. To a great extent this failure is ascribed to the lack of audience involvement in thedevelopment and production of such messages.This article reports on an investigation undertaken to examine the extent of this problem. Theprocesses used to develop and produce printed mass media health communication messages inSouth Africa are investigated by means of an in-depth exploration of the literature discussing andevaluating the production of health messages. This is complemented by an empirical explorationof selected printed messages covering a wide range of issues.Little evidence was found in the study of the reciprocal nature of communication where producersand communicators of health messages engage in sustained dialogue with their target audiences.The conclusion is drawn that audience participation is not the norm in the production processesof printed mass media health messages in South Africa.
Top determinants of corporate reputation management
Authors: Bechan Nirvana
Published: October 2022

Positive reputation is a valuable corporate asset and needs to be managed proactively inresponse to new threats entering the marketplace. Recent events have shown that the reputationof an organisation can take years to build, yet takes only a few seconds to destroy. In this study,it is suggested that knowing the top determinants of current reputation management can onlyhelp to enhance the business objectives of an organisation by contributing to the bottom lineand gaining a competitive advantage. This paper looks at what communication managers in toplistedcompanies operating in South African consider the top determinants of managing corporatereputation in their organisations to be. The paper draws links between managing organisationalreputation and stakeholder management, and provides valuable findings for communicationspecialists working in positions of management.
Towards an ethics perspective on the rational structure tradition of organisational communication
Authors: Chasi Colin , De Wet Gideon
Published: October 2022

The rational structure tradition of organisational communication is much referenced in academicliterature. The article outlines some key characteristics of this tradition. Some important theoriststo have contributed to this tradition include the great sociologist, Max Weber; the great championof scientific management, Fredrerick Taylor; and Luther Gulick, the champion of the division andcoordination of work. The MacDonaldised organisation is used to illustrate, not to evidence, oneform of organisation that has taken key aspects of the rational structure tradition to a fatal end.This article attempts to overview this tradition and thereby to contribute an ethics perspectivefocusing on the issue of the denial of the individual.
Self-Reflection and Social Reflection: Assessment of Emotional Expressions of Pubescents
Authors: Kokate Chhaya K.
Published: October 2022

An individual’s capacity to understand, think and express about oneself, other people and his/her experiences is often reflected through facial movements, bodily actions and complex non-verbal behaviour. School environment provides a wider platform to connect with variety of people and student’s interactions become more extensive. It is important to know, what they are experiencing, how they are feeling and what they are going through. Assessing the emotional expressions of students is essential in order to provide support and to help them to build a positive outlook towards themselves and society. With the purpose of studying the self-assessment of students in terms of their emotional expressions, the present investigation was carried out on 475 pubescents studying in 7th, 8th, 9th class. Partially standardised questionnaire was prepared to collect the data on two variables i.e., self-reflections and social reflections. Keyword : biomedical waste, primary healthcare, personal protective equipment, hygiene, monitoring.
Molar Distalization using Orthodontic Implants-A Review & A Case Report
Authors: Ray Dr Asmita , Khare Dr Vaibhav , B Dr Sangamesh
Published: October 2022

Abstract : Treatment of class II malocclusion often require maxillary molar distalization. Some of the cases can be treated by non-extraction treatment modalities such as headgear, removable appliances, and intraoral distalizers such as the Pendulum appliance, Distal Jet, and Jones Jig. Anchorage loss from proclination of anterior teeth, distal tipping and increased overjet are major concerns with most of these appliances; some also require active patient compliance22. Keyword : Molar distalization, Skeletal anchorage, Temporary anchorage devices, Distalization appliances.
The Incidence of Oral Ulcers, Lacerations, Bracket Bond Failure and Perceived Pain during Fixed Orthodontic Mechanotherapy
Authors: Kumari Dr. Sawita , B Dr. Sangamesh , Khare Dr. Vaibhav , Sharma Dr. Sonia , B Dr. Renuka
Published: October 2022

Abstract : The present study observes the occurence of oral ulcers, lacerations, bracket bond failure and pain in 42 patients undergoing corrective orthodontic treatment. The data was compared before treatment (T0) and 30 days onto the treatment (T1). 26.19% patients had oral ulcerations and lacerations during treatment; 23.80% experienced noticeable pain on chewing caused by the fixed appliance. High number of bracket bond failures were observed in mandibular arch. Mandibular premolar had highest bracket bond failure incidence.These factors affects the treatment time, cost and compliance of the patient if not addressed immediately. Keyword : oral ulcers and lacerations, bracket bond failure, pain perception
BRIEF REVIEW OF VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Elsa Guadalupe Castañeda Narváez  , Edison Rodrigo Aucay Mendieta  , Karina Noemi Contreras García  , Rosalia Marianela González Uzhca  , Luz Elena Suqui Belesaca  , Bryam Esteban Coello García  , Santiago Andrés Vintimilla Pesántez
Published: October 2022

Encephalitis is a disease characterised by inflammation of the encephalon. An important element to take into account in this pathology is that it has several causes, among which viral and metabolic are the most important. This clinical picture generally manifests itself with headache, altered mental state, seizures, focal signs, movement disorders, and in some cases also manifested with meningeal or cortical signs, depending on whether it is multi-focal or focal. It is important to consider post-infectious or para-infectious processes in encephalitis. The most important thing is always to take into account onset, progression and speed, together with contact with sick people. In suspected viral encephalitis, aciclovir 10 mg/kg/every 8 hours for 14 days is recommended.
The aim of this literature review is to show how the treatment of viral encephalitis has changed over the years, considering possible elements that may improve or worsen the prognosis.
KEY WORDS: viral encephalitis, central nervous system, herpes simplex virus.
Crowns in Linear $3$-Graphs of Minimum Degree $4$
Authors: Carbonero Alvaro , Fletcher Willem , Guo Jing , Gyárfás András , Wang Rona , Yan Shiyu
Published: October 2022

A 3-graph is a pair H = (V, E) of sets, where elements of V are called points or vertices and E contains some 3-element subsets of V , called edges. A 3-graph is called linear if any two distinct edges intersect in at most one vertex.There is a recent interest in extremal properties of 3-graphs containing no crown, three pairwise disjoint edges and a fourth edge which intersects all of them. We show that every linear 3-graph with minimum degree 4 contains a crown. This is not true if 4 is replaced by 3.
On the Hamiltonian Property Hierarchy of 3-Connected Planar Graphs
Authors: Lo On-Hei Solomon
Published: October 2022

The prism over a graph $G$ is the Cartesian product of $G$ with the complete graph $K_2$. The graph $G$ is prism-hamiltonian if the prism over $G$ has a Hamilton cycle. A good even cactus is a connected graph in which every block is either an edge or an even cycle and every vertex is contained in at most two blocks. It is known that good even cacti are prism-hamiltonian. Indeed, showing the existence of a spanning good even cactus has become the most common technique in proving prism-hamiltonicity. Špacapan [S. Špacapan. A counterexample to prism-hamiltonicity of 3-connected planar graphs. J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 146:364--371, 2021] asked whether having a spanning good even cactus is equivalent to having a hamiltonian prism for 3-connected planar graphs. In this article we answer his question in the negative, by showing that there are infinitely many 3-connected planar prism-hamiltonian graphs that have no spanning good even cactus. In addition, we prove the existence of an infinite class of 3-connected planar graphs that have a spanning good even cactus but no spanning good even cactus with maximum degree three.
Comparison of Two Convergence Criteria for the Variable-Assignment Lopsided Lovasz Local Lemma
Authors: Harris David
Published: October 2022

The Lopsided Lovász Local Lemma (LLLL) is a probabilistic tool which is a cornerstone of the probabilistic method of combinatorics, which shows that it is possible to avoid a collection of "bad" events as long as their probabilities and interdependencies are sufficiently small. The strongest possible criterion that can be stated in these terms is due to Shearer (1985), although it is technically difficult to apply to constructions in combinatorics.

 

The original formulation of the LLLL was non-constructive; a seminal algorithm of Moser & Tardos (2010) gave an efficient constructive algorithm for nearly all applications of it, including applications to $k$-SAT instances with a bounded number of occurrences per variables. Harris (2015) later gave an alternate criterion for this algorithm to converge, which appeared to give stronger bounds than the standard LLL. Unlike the LLL criterion or its variants, this criterion depends in a fundamental way on the decomposition of bad-events into variables.

 

In this note, we show that the criterion given by Harris can be stronger in some cases even than Shearer's criterion. We construct $k$-SAT formulas with bounded variable occurrence, and show that the criterion of Harris is satisfied while the criterion of Shearer is violated. In fact, there is an exponentially growing gap between the bounds provable from any form of the LLLL and from the bound shown by Harris.
Effect of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus) Extract on Granzyme Expression and Tumor Mass Diameter of Adenocarcinoma Mammae: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Halley Lugas Lion , Selamat Budijitno  , Trilaksana Nugroho  , Nani Maharani  , Eriawan Agung Nugroho
Published: October 2022

Background: Breast cancer is currently one of the most common types of cancer suffered by women, with the highest prevalence in all countries in the world. Herbal plants are thought to increase the immune system against tumors, one of which is okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) has the potential as an anti-tumor and anti-carcinogenic. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of ethanol okra extract on granzyme expression and tumor mass diameter in mammary adenocarcinoma of rats treated with adriamycin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.

Methods: This study is an experimental study using 28 Sprague Dawley Rats. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 21 to assess differences in granzyme expression and tumor size.

Results: The combination of chemotherapy and okra fruit extract (P3) showed optimal potential in increasing granzyme expression and reducing mammary tumor size.

Conclusion: The okra fruit extract has potential in the treatment of mammary carcinoma by increasing the expression of granzymes so as to reduce the size of breast carcinoma tumors in vivo.
Nafasi ya Muktadha katika Utendaji wa Mivigha ya Olubeko Miongoni mwa Abanyala wa Kakamega, Kenya
Authors: Waswa Benard , Chai Furaha , Buliba Aswani
Published: October 2022

Mivigha mara nyingi huangaziwa kwa mtazamo wa kidini au swala la imani. Mtazamo huu umejengwa kwa imani kwamba binadamu hutamani bila kifani kuhusiana na wahenga wake, Mungu wake, na mwishowe nguvu zaidi zilizoko juu yake. Matambiko katika jamii ya Kiafrika ni mengi. Kuna matambiko ya kuzaliwa, matambiko ya kupeana majina, matambiko ya tohara, matambiko ya harusi, matambiko ya kifo, matambiko ya kidini, na matambiko ya kisiasa miongoni mwa mengine katika jamii pana za Kiafrika. Olubeko ni tambiko la kifo linalofanyika siku tatu baada ya mazishi ya mwanamume mwenye umri au mwenye hadhi ya kutambuliwa miongoni mwa Abanyala wa Kakamega.  Mivigha hii huhusisha utendaji mbalimbali. Mojawapo ya utendaji unaohusishwa katika tambiko hili ni nyimbo. Kazi hii inapambanua nafasi ya muktadha katika uteuzi na uwasilishaji wa nyimbo husika kwa kuzingatia miktadha mahususi ya utendaji wa mivigha ya Olubeko miongoni mwa Abanyala wa Kakamega. Nadharia ya utendaji ndio kurunzi ya kazi hii. Nadharia hii inasisitiza kuwa kupitia utendaji, ujumbe huwafikia watu wengi. Matokeo yanaonyesha kuwa kuna miktadha tano mahususi katika mivigha ya Olubeko: omusee (baraza), khusirindwa (kaburi), olukendo (safari) na hango  (nyumbani). Kutokana na miktadha hii fanani aliweza kuteua na kuwasilisha nyimbo faafu za kila hatua ya mivigha hii. Muktadha ndio uliongoza fanani katika uteuzi wa wimbo husika
Construction of Incentive Model for Young Teachers’ Professional Development Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Yao Hong
Published: October 2022

Because the traditional incentive model for young teachers’ professional development does not combine incentive measures with independent professional development, the incentive effect is poor. And the relationship between external support measures and teachers’ independent professional development has not been well connected. In order to solve the problem of poor effect of the incentive model, an incentive model for young teachers’ professional development based on artificial neural network was designed., constructs an evaluation system of incentive measures for young teachers’ professional development, divides incentive measures into three primary indicators and nine secondary indicators, evaluates nine secondary indicators by using artificial neural network model, and obtains that the secondary indicators are all good. According to the incentive measures in the secondary indicators and the target management theory, the incentive model of young teachers’ professional development is constructed. The results show that the scores of robustness, incentive selection, scope of use and homomorphism of the model are 95.6, 96.7, 94.2 and 93.8 respectively; after using the model, the professional development perspectives of young teachers, such as learning aid, professional training and teacher-apprenticeship, have been improved by 47.80%, 52.00% and 53.20% respectively.
NECKLACE FROM CHORNIVKA HILL-FORT OF THE 13th CENTURY (EXCAVATION OF 1999—2020)
Authors: Kalinichenko V. A. , Pyvovarov S. V.
Published: October 2022

During the archeological works on the Chornivka hillfort various ornaments which decorated the everyday and festive clothes of women having lived on the territory of the feudal castle in the first half — the mid-13th century were discovered. The material from which they are made, typology and production technology suggest that definite jewelry could belong to different social, ethnic and age groups of local people.

The old Ukrainian women’s necklaces and breast adornment in addition to aesthetic function also had protective and social ones. These categories include a number of necklaces with numerous pendants. Their form and ornamentation reflected the local population worldviews, where together with Christian symbols, pagan elements were used. All of this shows the combination in these ornaments the primitive and Christian principles and the syncretism of their semantic content.

One of the most numerous groups of women’s breast ornaments from the hillfort is a necklace. Most of the beads are represented by single finds but their clusters (minithesaurus) have also been recorded.

During the study of the hillfort 72 whole and fragmented beads were found. They are represented by metal items such as elliptical beads decorated with filigree and grain, openwork frame beads decorated with grain, figured beads; cowrie shells; glass items — monochrome, polychrome and beads with metal foil.

The beads found on the hill-fort significantly increase the information on the elements of old Ukrainian women’s costume decoration in the region and allow tracing the trade, economic, cultural and possibly military and political ties of the feudal castle in the first half — the mid-13th century.
THE STYLES OF TOBACCO PIPES OF THE 17th — EARLY 19th CENTURIES FROM KYIV EXCAVATION AND THEIR PARALLELS
Authors: Chekanovski A. A.
Published: October 2022

The paper is devoted to clay tobacco pipes of the 17th — early 19th centuries, found in Kyiv. The two-part type of pipes of the so-called «eastern» type is analyzed, the most widespread in the territory of Ukraine and prevailing among finds from Kiev. The chibouk and the pipe body of such products are separate parts. Other types are one-piece pipes of the so-called «western» type (or «Dutch»), in which the chibouk and the bowl are one whole, and three-part pipes, in which the middle part (shank) served for connection of chibouk with a one-part pipe. They are extremely few among archaeological finds.

The author collects two-part pipes into groups according to their external similarity. Within these groups, there are styles of items that have gained popularity over time. Parallels for Kyiv finds from Ukrainian lands and other territories are provided.

The evolution of some styles during the 17th — early 19th centuries is examined. For the seventeenth — early eighteenth century pipes of small sizes of three types: bud-shaped, fluted, pot-shaped are characteristic. Each type was designed with several styles. They are distinguished by the design of the bowl. Bud-shaped pipes had a spherical, hemispherical, disk-shaped, with a petal division, with a frequent division, shell-like lower part. Pot-shaped pipes were both rounded and elongated in height. The most homogeneous were fluted pipes. They were varied by simple or more decorative designs.

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries styles of pipes have changed. Bud-shaped pipes with a petal division of the lower part of bowl acquired of new styles: tall, slender pipes covered with colored glaze; pipes with a shell-shaped bowl became very similar to them; as a development of this style — pipes with a crest-keel under the lower part of the bowl; style of large, similar in height and length of pipes, which could be both glazed and terracotta. Pipes with a part of the lower part of bowl also evolved in a similar way: there were large low pipes with a wide bowl and pipes of vertical proportions. Among the pot-shaped pipes tall large items with rhymed geometric and floral ornaments up to 7—8 cm in size were spread. A variant of such pipes were products decorated on both sides of the bowl with a flower-shaped medallion.

Along with large specimens in the eighteenth century similar items of smaller sizes continued to be used. Since the beginning of the eighteenth century imported «oriental» or «Turkish» styles are becoming more and more popular — Ottoman-chibouk, «narcissus», «lily», etc. Such pipes came from the Black Sea coast, their copies could be made in Ukrainian cities, including in Kyiv.
АРХЕОЛОГІЧНІ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ ПІВНІЧНОГО БАСТІОНУ СТАРОГО ЗАМКУ (ПІЛЬНА БРАМА) В КАМ’ЯНЦІ-ПОДІЛЬСЬКОМУ В 2019 році
Authors: Nechytailo P. O. , Levinzon Ye. Yu. , Boltaniuk P. A.
Published: October 2022

У статті опубліковано результати археологічних досліджень, проведених внаслідок обвалу частини стіни Північного бастіону Старого замку в районі колишньої Пільної брами в м. Кам’янець-Подільський. Увагу зосереджено на описі стратиграфічної ситуації, конструктивних особливостей виявлених фортифікаційних об’єктів (укріплення чорноліської культури, залишки Пільної брами та підземної бойової галереї), археологічного матеріалу, представленого знахідками західнотрипільської і чорноліської культур, доби середньовіччя — раннього модерного часу XIII—XVII ст.
THE HEAT UNIT TYPES AND THE FIRING TEMPERATURE IN THE PEOPLE OF ROMNY CULTURE
Authors: Puholovok Yu. A.
Published: October 2022

The paper deals with the firing process of Romny culture ceramics. One of the key operations in the manufacture of pottery is the thermal effect on it. Firing is the last stage in pottery production when ceramics acquire the necessary physical properties and become suitable for use in various household needs.

Analysis of the source and the results of interdisciplinary research allows us to identify the thermal facilities used for this process. It is also possible to determine the firing temperature of handmade pottery.

It can be argued that Siverians handmade pottery burned mainly in fires and kilns. Ordinary household stoves were not used for this purpose. The firing was carried out mainly without temperature exposure, for a short time, at low temperatures. This assumption is supported by the color of the shard at the break, as well as the presence of organic matter traces or unmelted prints of organic on ceramic. Despite the fact that clay products were burned at relatively low temperatures during the period under study they were used in everyday life. The firing temperature of Romny culture ceramics had limits between 450 and 550 °С, in some cases reaching 600—800 °С.

The use of pottery kilns had to be followed by a special firing regime. The time of their appearance probably lies within the 9th century, but this date needs to be clarified. Somewhat later, in the 10th century two-chamber kiln structures appeared on the Siverians settlements. The spread of such kilns is associated with the influence of the Khazar Khaganate population. The appearance of special kilns indicates a certain increase in economic and production potential, which leads to the beginning of the allocation of pottery in a separate branch of the craft.
NEW BURIAL OF THE SECOND HALF 10th — EARLY 11th — CENTURY NEAR ST. SOPHIA CATHEDRAL OF KYIV
Authors: Bobrovski T. O. , Kozyuba V. K.
Published: October 2022

In 2021, as part of the «Great Restoration» state program, the cobblestones around St. Sophia’s Cathedral in Kyiv were replaced. During these works, the archaeological exploration was carried out with the participation of authors, as a result of which the ancient burial was discovered and investigated.

The dimensions of the burial pit were about 3 × (1— 1.2) m. It had a depth of 1.6 m, and its bottom situated at a depth of 2.4 m from the modern surface.

The remains of a rectangular wooden funeral construction were found below, assembled from boards and fastened with more than two dozen iron nails.

Its overall dimensions are (2.2—2.7) × (0.6—0.64) m and a height of 0.5-0.55 m.

The remains of two transverse wooden supports were recorded under the funeral construction. They had a triangular cross-section and lay edge down. Each of them was 0.7 m long and 0.15 m wide.

The skeleton was lying on its back, oriented with its head on northwest. His bones, except for the skull, were preserved in a satisfactory condition.

The billon jewelry such as the wire rings near the head and a ring on the little finger of the right hand, were found in the burial. The iron a knife with a wooden handle was located near the right knee. Also the two hemispherical bone buttons with carved decoration were discovered on the legs below the pelvic bones. Difference between ornaments, the technique of their execution, sizes and profiles of buttons found nearby Sophia Cathedral testifies to the fact that each of them made by various craftsmen.

The buttons of a similar shape and ornament there are known from mounds in Chernihiv (Ukraine), Gniozdovo (Russia) and Nishapur (Iran).

A segment of the barrow with a width of 1.25 m and a depth of 0.75 m was recorded a few meters from the burial trench. This made it possible to determine

the approximate diameter of the mound above the burial like 5.5-6 m.

Traces of the development of urban development of the beginning of the 11th century are recorded on the site of the mound. The next stage was in the 20s and 30s of the 11th century, when the St. Sophia Cathedral was built, one of the apses of which was covered part of the territory of the mound. At the same time, one of the apses of the cathedral was covered part of the territory of the mound.

Considering the historical context of the development of the ancient Kyiv mound necropolis, the mound discovered in 2021 near the northeastern corner of St. Sophia Cathedral can be dated to the second half of the 10th — beginning of 11th century, and most likely between 970 and 1000.