bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pericampylus glaucus on plasma glucose concentration and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Kifayatullah Muhammad , Sengupta Pinaki
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pericampylus glaucus extract on plasma glucose concentration and lipid profile in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The ethanolic extract were administered orally at three different doses (400, 600 and 800 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (20 mg/kg p.o.) for 21 days after 72 hours of streptozotocin injection. During the short- and long-term studies, the extract was found to possess significant (p<0.01, p<0.001) anti-diabetic activity in normal and diabetic rats compared with untreated normal and untreated diabetic group. It also caused reduction in the level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL etc. and improvement in the HDL level compared with untreated diabetic rats. Reduction in the fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, LDL, creatinine levels and improvement in the HDL by P. glaucus indicates that plant has anti-diabetic activity along with anti hyperlipidemic efficacy and provides a scientific rationale for the use.

 
Trolls, Tigers and Transmodern Ecological Encounters: Enrique Dussel and a Cine-ethics for the Anthropocene
Authors: Martin-Jones David
Published: January 2016

This article explores the usefulness of Latin American philosopher Enrique Dussel's work for film-philosophy, as the field increasingly engages with a world of cinemas. The piece concludes with an analysis of two films with an ecological focus, Trolljegeren/Troll Hunter (2010) and The Hunter (2011). They are indicative of a much broader emerging trend in ecocinema that explores the interaction between humanity and the environment in relation to world history, and which does so by staging encounters between people and those ‘nonhuman’ aspects of the Earth excluded by coloniality/modernity (e.g. animals, animal-spirits, mythological creatures, shaman, the very Earth itself). The interdisciplinary concerns of this work place it at the intersection of the latest research into a world of cinemas (in particular the various moves to understand films beyond the national paradigm now increasingly labelled the ‘transnational turn’; alongside growing concerns with how cinema helps us engage with ecology); and the need to broaden our philosophical grasp of the world. This latter point requires engagement with thinkers from beyond the Eurocentric canon of Western thought that currently dominates philosophy, and equally shapes film-philosophy. Dussel's philosophy is shown to provide a perspective capable of illuminating the intertwined nature of human and planetary history evident in these films, in a manner that is extremely pertinent to our global situation. Thus it is shown to be more useful than approaches to similar groupings of films which draw on, for example, speculative realism, when it comes to providing a cine-ethics appropriate to the Anthropocene.
Open Access Scholarly Publishing on the Competitive Market: University Management as Obstacle and Enabler
Authors: Johannisson Jenny
Published: January 2016

This article explores the relation between university management and open access scholarly publishing in Sweden. Open access is generally promoted in Swedish national research policy, referring to internationally adopted recommendations on free access to knowledge by researchers and citizens alike. In principle, the conditions for universities to not only promote but also actively contribute to open access by hosting open access scholarly journals could therefore be deemed adequate. In reality, however, many universities choose to adapt only to external systems of assessment and disregard internal demands from the research community. Since hosting open access scholarly journals is not favored by existing external systems of assessment, university management that does not also act on internal demands from the research community runs the risk of becoming an obstacle rather than an enabler of open access scholarly publishing.
Tackling Uncertainty through Business Plan Analysis—A Case Study on Citrus Waste Valorisation in the South of Italy
Authors: Ferrari Annalisa , Morone Piergiuseppe , Tartiu Valentina
Published: January 2016

The paper addresses issues related to the citrus waste valorisation process and its inherent uncertainties from the perspective of a new and innovative firm. Thus, we investigate the relevance/role of a business plan analysis in developing a new business (new biobased value chains) in the case of citrus waste valorisation. We look primarily at the inherent uncertainty associated with the start-up phase of a new business aimed at producing and wholesaling semi-finished products derived from the recovery of citrus waste in southern Italy. In order to do so, we use a qualitative case study approach focusing on a small citrus waste valorisation firm located in Calabria, using Agro Management Development (AMD) as a unit of analysis. The choice of this research setting is not random, given the fact that many companies from the Mediterranean are trying to engage in activities to valorise citrus waste deriving from production value chains. The main findings of our analysis can be summarized as follows: (i) focusing primarily on one area of uncertainty (i.e., market uncertainty) might undermine chances of success, as it could indicate an incomplete business strategy to stakeholders, hence hindering their willingness to commit to a new entrepreneurial initiative; (ii) although a business plan could be an effective way to narrow down uncertainty for a new innovative firm, it should be properly customised in order to address all relevant dimensions of uncertainty. Indeed, an insufficiently developed plan might be counterproductive, revealing (for instance, to possible investors) an inadequate strategy for facing and solving emerging problems, therefore putting the whole business project at risk.
Antimicrobial Stewardship for a Geriatric Behavioral Health Population
Authors: Ellis Kristen , Rubal-Peace Georgina , Chang Victoria , Liang Eva , Wong Nicolas , Campbell Stephanie
Published: January 2016

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern. Antimicrobial stewardship and multi-disciplinary intervention can prevent inappropriate antimicrobial use and improve patient care. Special populations, especially older adults and patients with mental health disorders, can be particularly in need of such intervention. The purpose of this project was to assess the impact of pharmacist intervention on appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing on a geriatric psychiatric unit (GPU). Patients ≥18 years old prescribed oral antibiotics during GPU admission were included. Antimicrobial appropriateness was assessed pre- and post-pharmacist intervention. During the six-month pre- and post-intervention phase, 63 and 70 patients prescribed antibiotics were identified, respectively. Subjects in the post-intervention group had significantly less inappropriate doses for indication compared to the pre-intervention group (10.6% vs. 23.9%, p = 0.02), and significantly less antibiotics prescribed for an inappropriate duration (15.8% vs. 32.4%, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences for use of appropriate drug for indication or appropriate dose for renal function between groups. Significantly more patients in the post intervention group had medications prescribed with appropriate dose, duration, and indication (51% vs. 66%, p = 0.04). Pharmacist intervention was associated with decreased rates of inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing on a geriatric psychiatric unit.
Comparative Study on Theoretical and Machine Learning Methods for Acquiring Compressed Liquid Densities of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (R227ea) via Song and Mason Equation, Support Vector Machine, and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Li Hao , Tang Xindong , Wang Run , Lin Fan , Liu Zhijian , Cheng Kewei
Published: January 2016

1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (R227ea) is a good refrigerant that reduces greenhouse effects and ozone depletion. In practical applications, we usually have to know the compressed liquid densities at different temperatures and pressures. However, the measurement requires a series of complex apparatus and operations, wasting too much manpower and resources. To solve these problems, here, Song and Mason equation, support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to develop theoretical and machine learning models, respectively, in order to predict the compressed liquid densities of R227ea with only the inputs of temperatures and pressures. Results show that compared with the Song and Mason equation, appropriate machine learning models trained with precise experimental samples have better predicted results, with lower root mean square errors (RMSEs) (e.g., the RMSE of the SVM trained with data provided by Fedele et al. [1] is 0.11, while the RMSE of the Song and Mason equation is 196.26). Compared to advanced conventional measurements, knowledge-based machine learning models are proved to be more time-saving and user-friendly.
A New Year of Catalysts
Authors: Hohn Keith
Published: January 2016

Welcome to a new year of Catalysts, an international, peer-reviewed open access journal. [...]
A Test of Various Partial Atomic Charge Models for Computations on Diheteroaryl Ketones and Thioketones
Authors: Matczak Piotr
Published: January 2016

The effective use of partial atomic charge models is essential for such purposes in molecular computations as a simplified representation of global charge distribution in a molecule and predicting its conformational behavior. In this work, ten of the most popular models of partial atomic charge are taken into consideration, and these models operate on the molecular wave functions/electron densities of five diheteroaryl ketones and their thiocarbonyl analogs. The ten models are tested in order to assess their usefulness in achieving the aforementioned purposes for the compounds in title. Therefore, the following criteria are used in the test: (1) how accurately these models reproduce the molecular dipole moments of the conformers of the investigated compounds; (2) whether these models are able to correctly determine the preferred conformer as well as the ordering of higher-energy conformers for each compound. The results of the test indicate that the Merz-Kollman-Singh (MKS) and Hu-Lu-Yang (HLY) models approximate the magnitude of the molecular dipole moments with the greatest accuracy. The natural partial atomic charges perform best in determining the conformational behavior of the investigated compounds. These findings may constitute important support for the effective computations of electrostatic effects occurring within and between the molecules of the compounds in question as well as similar compounds.
Perturbation of Fractional Multi-Agent Systems in Cloud Entropy Computing
Authors: Ibrahim Rabha , Jalab Hamid , Gani Abdullah
Published: January 2016

A perturbed multi-agent system is a scheme self-possessed of multiple networking agents within a location. This scheme can be used to discuss problems that are impossible or difficult for a specific agent to solve. Intelligence cloud entropy management systems involve functions, methods, procedural approaches, and algorithms. In this study, we introduce a new perturbed algorithm based on the fractional Poisson process. The discrete dynamics are suggested by using fractional entropy and fractional type Tsallis entropy. Moreover, we study the algorithm stability.
Vibration Durability Testing of Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) Lithium-Ion 18,650 Battery Cells
Authors: Hooper James , Marco James , Chouchelamane Gael , Lyness Christopher
Published: January 2016

Electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers are employing cylindrical format cells in the construction of the vehicles’ battery systems. There is evidence to suggest that both the academic and industrial communities have evaluated cell degradation due to vibration and other forms of mechanical loading. The primary motivation is often the need to satisfy the minimum requirements for safety certification. However, there is limited research that quantifies the durability of the battery and in particular, how the cells will be affected by vibration that is representative of a typical automotive service life (e.g., 100,000 miles). This paper presents a study to determine the durability of commercially available 18,650 cells and quantifies both the electrical and mechanical vibration-induced degradation through measuring changes in cell capacity, impedance and natural frequency. The impact of the cell state of charge (SOC) and in-pack orientation is also evaluated. Experimental results are presented which clearly show that the performance of 18,650 cells can be affected by vibration profiles which are representative of a typical vehicle life. Consequently, it is recommended that EV manufacturers undertake vibration testing, as part of their technology selection and development activities to enhance the quality of EVs and to minimize the risk of in-service warranty claims.
Capacitor Voltage Ripple Suppression for Z-Source Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: Huang Shoudao , Zhang Yang , Shuai Zhikang
Published: January 2016

This paper proposes an improved pulse-width modulation (PWM) strategy to reduce the capacitor voltage ripple in Z-source wind energy conversion system. In order to make sure that Z-source capacitor voltage has symmetrical maximum and minimum amplitudes in each active state, the shoot-through time is divided into six unequal parts. According to the active state and zero state, the shoot-through time is rearranged to match the charging time and discharging time of the Z-source capacitors. Theoretically, it is indicated that the voltage ripple of the Z-source capacitors can be reduced effectively by means of the proposed PWM scheme. Finally, simulation and experimental results are given to verify the performance of the presented method.
Diesel-Minimal Combustion Control of a Natural Gas-Diesel Engine
Authors: Zurbriggen Florian , Hutter Richard , Onder Christopher
Published: January 2016

This paper investigates the combustion phasing control of natural gas-diesel engines. In this study, the combustion phasing is influenced by manipulating the start and the duration of the diesel injection. Instead of using both degrees of freedom to control the center of combustion only, we propose a method that simultaneously controls the combustion phasing and minimizes the amount of diesel used. Minimizing the amount of diesel while keeping the center of combustion at a constant value is formulated as an optimization problem with an equality constraint. A combination of feedback control and extremum seeking is used to solve this optimization problem online. The necessity to separate the different time scales is discussed and a structure is proposed that facilitates this separation for this specific example. The proposed method is validated by experiments on a test bench.
Partner Selection and the Division of Surplus: Evidence from Ultimatum and Dictator Experiments
Authors: Banerjee Priyodorshi , Chakravarty Sujoy , Ghosh Sanmitra
Published: January 2016

We study ultimatum and dictator environments with one-way, unenforceable pre-play communication from the proposer to the recipient, semantically framed as a promise. After observing this promise regarding how much the proposer will offer if selected, in our treatment conditions, recipients choose whether or not to select a particular proposer. We find that offers can increase in the ultimatum game both with non-competitive selection with a single potential proposer, and more so with competition, where the recipient chooses one of two potential proposers, as compared to the no selection baseline. Furthermore, the offer is rejected with higher probability if the promisemade by the selected proposer is higher than the eventual offer. Our dictator environment does not give the power to reject offers, thus selection power carries no benefits in the dictator game. Finally, independent of the game institution or proposer selection mechanism, promises provide credible signals for offers.
Segmentation of Façades from Urban 3D Point Clouds Using Geometrical and Morphological Attribute-Based Operators
Authors: Serna Andrés , Marcotegui Beatriz , Hernández Jorge
Published: January 2016

3D building segmentation is an important research issue in the remote sensing community with relevant applications to urban modeling, cloud-to-cloud and cloud-to-model registration, 3D cartography, virtual reality, cultural heritage documentation, among others. In this paper, we propose automatic, parametric and robust approaches to segment façades from 3D point clouds. Processing is carried out using elevation images and 3D decomposition, and the final result can be reprojected onto the 3D point cloud for visualization or evaluation purposes. Our methods are based on geometrical and geodesic constraints. Parameters are related to urban and architectural constraints. Thus, they can be set up to manage façades of any height, length and elongation. We propose two methods based on façade marker extraction and a third method without markers based on the maximal elongation image. This work is developed in the framework of TerraMobilita project. The performance of our methods is proved in our experiments on TerraMobilita databases using 2D and 3D ground truth annotations.
Statin Therapy and the Development of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy—A Rodent in Vivo Approach
Authors: Reuter Björn , Venus Alexander , Grudzenski Saskia , Heiler Patrick , Schad Lothar , Staufenbiel Matthias , Hennerici Michael , Fatar Marc
Published: January 2016

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by vascular deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) with a higher incidence of cerebral microbleeds (cMBs) and spontaneous hemorrhage. Since statins are known for their benefit in vascular disease we tested for the effect on CAA. Methods: APP23-transgenic mice received atorvastatin-supplemented food starting at the age of eight months (n = 13), 12 months (n = 7), and 16 months (n = 6), respectively. Controls (n = 16) received standard food only. At 24 months of age cMBs were determined with T2*-weighted 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging and graded by size. Results: Control mice displayed an average of 35 ± 18.5 cMBs (mean ± standard deviation), compared to 29.3 ± 9.8 in mice with eight months (p = 0.49), 24.9 ± 21.3 with 12 months (p = 0.26), and 27.8 ± 15.4 with 16 months of atorvastatin treatment (p = 0.27). In combined analysis treated mice showed lower absolute numbers (27.4 ± 15.6, p = 0.16) compared to controls and also after adjustment for cMB size (p = 0.13). Conclusion: Despite to a non-significant trend towards fewer cMBs our results failed to provide evidence for beneficial effects of long-term atorvastatin treatment in the APP23-transgenic mouse model of CAA. A higher risk for bleeding complications was not observed.
Evaluating the Quality of Competency Assessment in Pharmacy: A Framework for Workplace Learning
Authors: Shah Shailly , McLaughlin Jacqueline , Eckel Stephen , Mangun Jesica , Hawes Emily
Published: January 2016

Demonstration of achieved competencies is critical in the pharmacy workplace. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of the competency assessment program for pharmacy residents at an academic medical center. The competency assessment program (CAP) survey is a validated, 48-item instrument that evaluates the quality of an assessment program based on 12 criteria, each measured by four questions on a scale of 0 to 100. The CAP was completed by residents (n = 23) and preceptors (n = 28) from the pharmacy residency program between 2010 and 2013. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, and non-parametric tests. Educational Consequences was the only quality criteria falling below the standard for “good quality.” Participants that completed residency training elsewhere rated the Comparability (0.04) and Meaningfulness (0.01) of the assessment program higher than those that completed residency at the academic medical center. There were no significant differences between resident and preceptor scores. Overall, the quality of the assessment program was rated highly by residents and preceptors. The process described here provides a useful framework for understanding the quality of workplace learning assessments in pharmacy practice.
Phase Behavior and Its Effects on Crystallization in a Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/Phenoxy Resin Blend
Authors: Cho Su , Cho Jae , Lee Kwang
Published: January 2016

Phase behavior and its effects on crystallization in an extruded poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/phenoxy resin blend were studied with time-resolved light scattering (TRLS), optical microscopy (OM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). During annealing in the molten state, a two-phase structure with unique periodicity and phase connectivity was developed by liquid–liquid phase separation. After the formation of the phase-separated structure, the blend was homogenized by the interchange reactions between the two polymers. The crystallization behavior of PTT predominantly depended on the phase morphology developed during annealing. The pre-existing phase structures disturbed the lamellar orientation, resulting in a poorly ordered spherulitic superstructure.
Building SDN-Based Agricultural Vehicular Sensor Networks Based on Extended Open vSwitch
Authors: Huang Tao , Yan Siyu , Yang Fan , Pan Tian , Liu Jiang
Published: January 2016

Software-defined vehicular sensor networks in agriculture, such as autonomous vehicle navigation based on wireless multi-sensor networks, can lead to more efficient precision agriculture. In SDN-based vehicle sensor networks, the data plane is simplified and becomes more efficient by introducing a centralized controller. However, in a wireless environment, the main controller node may leave the sensor network due to the dynamic topology change or the unstable wireless signal, leaving the rest of network devices without control, e.g., a sensor node as a switch may forward packets according to stale rules until the controller updates the flow table entries. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel SDN-based vehicular sensor networks architecture which can minimize the performance penalty of controller connection loss. We achieve this by designing a connection state detection and self-learning mechanism. We build prototypes based on extended Open vSwitch and Ryu. The experimental results show that the recovery time from controller connection loss is under 100 ms and it keeps rule updating in real time with a stable throughput. This architecture enhances the survivability and stability of SDN-based vehicular sensor networks in precision agriculture.
Defence against Black Hole and Selective Forwarding Attacks for Medical WSNs in the IoT
Authors: Mathur Avijit , Newe Thomas , Rao Muzaffar
Published: January 2016

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being used to facilitate monitoring of patients in hospital and home environments. These systems consist of a variety of different components/sensors and many processes like clustering, routing, security, and self-organization. Routing is necessary for medical-based WSNs because it allows remote data delivery and it facilitates network scalability in large hospitals. However, routing entails several problems, mainly due to the open nature of wireless networks, and these need to be addressed. This paper looks at two of the problems that arise due to wireless routing between the nodes and access points of a medical WSN (for IoT use): black hole and selective forwarding (SF) attacks. A solution to the former can readily be provided through the use of cryptographic hashes, while the latter makes use of a neighbourhood watch and threshold-based analysis to detect and correct SF attacks. The scheme proposed here is capable of detecting a selective forwarding attack with over 96% accuracy and successfully identifying the malicious node with 83% accuracy.
Exergy and CO2 Analyses as Key Tools for the Evaluation of Bio-Ethanol Production
Authors: Kang Qian , Tan Tianwei
Published: January 2016

The background of bioethanol as an alternative to conventional fuels is analyzed with the aim of examining the efficiency of bioethanol production by first (sugar-based) and second (cellulose-based) generation processes. Energy integration is of paramount importance for a complete recovery of the processes’ exergy potential. Based upon literature data and our own findings, exergy analysis is shown to be an important tool in analyzing integrated ethanol production from an efficiency and cost perspective.
Hydraulic Transients Caused by Air Expulsion During Rapid Filling of Undulating Pipelines
Authors: Apollonio Ciro , Balacco Gabriella , Fontana Nicola , Giugni Maurizio , Marini Gustavo , Piccinni Alberto
Published: January 2016

One of the main issues arising during the rapid filling of a pipeline is the pressure transient which originates after the entrapped air has been expelled at the air release valve. Because of the difference in density between water and air, a pressure transient originates at the impact of the water column. Many authors have analyzed the problem, both from the theoretical and the experimental standpoint. Nevertheless, mainly vertical or horizontal pipelines have been analyzed, whereas in real field applications, the pipe profile is a sequence of ascending and descending pipes, with air release/vacuum valves at high points. To overcome lack of knowledge regarding this latter case, laboratory experiments were carried out to simulate the filling of an undulating pipeline, initially empty at atmospheric pressure. The pipe profile has a high point where an orifice is installed for air venting, so as to simulate the air release valve at intermediate high point of a supply pipeline. In the experiments, the diameter of the orifice and the opening degree of both upstream and downstream valves were varied, in order to analyze their effect on the pressure transient. The experiments were also carried out with a longer descending pipe, in order to assess the effects on the pressure surge of the air volume downstream of the orifice.
La carriera di l. Iulius Ursus e le alte prefetture equestri nel I sec. D.C.
Authors: Magioncalda Andreina
Published: January 2016

Une inscription de Sikayt (Égypte) (AE, 2001, 2051) de 76/ 77 apr. J.-C., qui nomme le préfet d’Égypte L. Iulius Ursus, connu aussi par d’autres documents, offre une date sûre pour cette fonction dont la chronologie précise sous les Flaviens était discutée et nous permet d’établir le terminus ante quem sûr pour sa préfecture de l’annone, immédiatement précédente (voir IGLS, VI, 2785, datable avant 98). On revise donc les Fasti des deux préfectures sous Vespasien et Domitien, grâce aussi à une nouvelle inscription d’Ostie (AE, 2003, 102) qui ajoute à ceux de l’annone le préfet d’Égypte Valerius Paullinus. À la lumière de ces données, on réexamine le moment où la hiérarchie au sommet de la carrière équestre commença à se fixer. Puis, l’interprétation controversée de P. Berol. inv. 8334, selon laquelle, après l’Égypte, L. Iulius Ursus aurait été préfet du prétoire, est ici considérée et pourrait offrir un autre exemple utile sur la hiérarchie des hautes préfectures au ier siècle apr. J.-C.
Υπερ της πολεως. Les intervenants étrangers dans la justice et dans la diplomatie des cités hellénistiques
Authors: Savalli-Lestrade Ivana
Published: January 2016

En complément de l’institution des juges étrangers, cet article se propose de rassembler et d’analyser la documentation littéraire et épigraphique de la période hellénistique concernant les citoyens grecs qui ont exceptionnellement agi en faveur d’une cité autre que leur patrie, dans les domaines de la justice («avocats » et dénonciateurs), de la diplomatie (ambassadeurs) et de la conciliation (conciliateurs). Ces «intervenants » étaient soit volontaires, soit sollicités par la cité demanderesse, soit désignés par les instances de leur patrie. Leur action s’inscrit dans les stratégies des élites civiques pour
Les étrangers dans la diplomatie des cités grecques de la mer noire (époques hellénistique et impériale)
Authors: Avram Alexandru
Published: January 2016

The Greek cities of the West and North coasts of the Black Sea normally used their own citizens as ambassadors. There are, however, some exceptions. During the Hellenistic period, there is only one example, an embassy assumed by a citizen from Apollonia Pontica (I. Kallatis 7) for Callatis, and perhaps also for Istros, at the issue of a war having involved armies sent to Thrace and in the Black Sea region by the kings Antiochus II and Ptolemy II. During the Roman period we have more examples for citizens from Olbia having defended not only the interests of their own city but also those of foreign residents originating from several Pontic cities. On the other hand, Heraclean ambassadors have represented Heraclea Pontica’s colony Chersonesus Taurica in a mission at Rome dated about 150 AD (IOSPE I2 362). The author tries to explain the reasons for resorting to foreign ambassadors in all these cases.
Mander des juges dans la cité : notes sur l’organisation des missions judiciaires à l’époque hellénistique
Authors: Hamon Patrice
Published: January 2016

L’article étudie les aspects concrets de l’envoi et de la réception de juges étrangers à l’époque hellénistique : choix d’une cité à solliciter, durée et modalités du séjour des juges sur place, cérémonie de départ, échange de décrets entre la cité requérante et la cité sollicitée, mémoire de la mission. En soulignant ce qui sépare les juges, missionnaires nommés et envoyés par leur polis, des experts recrutés ou sollicités à titre individuel pour leurs compétences, on cherche à inscrire cet usage dans les pratiques politiques des politeuomenoi, quel que soit le rôle précis qu’ils jouent dans la mise en oeuvre de l’opération – proposant de décret, dicastagogue, juge, ambassadeur.
Développements extra causam et stratégie argumentative dans le De praetura siciliensi (Cic., Verr. 2, 2)
Authors: Guérin Charles
Published: January 2016

Cet article cherche à expliquer, d’un point de vue rhétorique, le rôle des développements extra causam dans le De praetura Siciliensi de Cicéron. On analyse dans un premier temps la notion rhétorique de causa, afin de déterminer quels critères peuvent être utilisés pour identifier les passages extra causam du discours. Les différents développements éloignés de la cause en 2Ver. 2 montrent que, loin de constituer des «erreurs » ou des «défauts » comme le voudrait la doctrine, les passages de ce type tiennent une place essentielle dans la stratégie cicéronienne. Dissimulés, les propos extra causam servent ainsi une stratégie d’amplificatio ; affichés et construits de manière adéquate, ils rendent acceptable l’utilisation d’éléments qui ne devraient pas apparaître dans le discours, tout en contrant paradoxalement la critique. De façon générale, la confrontation de la doctrine rhétorique et des Verrines permet de rendre sensible le travail de manipulation du point à juger (iudicatio) auquel se livre Cicéron.
Un atelier de fabrication de conduites en plomb à Narbonne
Authors: Christol Michel , Ginouvez Olivier
Published: January 2016

Les fouilles d’un entrepôt à Narbonne (14, quai d’Alsace) ont mis au jour une canalisation en plomb dont le fabricant s’appelait Marcus Aurunceius Niceros, vraisemblablement un affranchi. Il est à rattacher à une famille connue localement par l’épigraphie. C’est dans cette ville un témoignage sur un nouveau métier et sur son organisation.
Notes d’épigraphie 13-16
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: January 2016

L’inscription CIL, XII, 4994 est à éliminer : c’est une autre copie de CIL, XII, 4403 =

HGL, XV, 83. L’inscription fragmentaire publiée dans CAG 11/ 1, p. 445, fig. 564, avait été signalée depuis 1908 : elle entre dans le dossier des Usuleni, et permet d’envisager que cette famille préserva sa position dans l’élite politique jusqu’au milieu du ier siècle apr. J.-C. Le légionnaire [-] Calvius Fronto (CIL, XIII, 8054), connu à Bonn, dont l’origo se limite à la mention de la tribu Voltinia, serait issu de la cité de Nîmes si l’on se réfère à la répartition du gentilice Calvius. À Béziers, il faut lire dans le texte de l’inscription CIL,

XII, 4307 = HGL, XV, 1605 le cognomen servile Inachus ; dans la même cité la réunion de plusieurs blocs (CIL, XII, 4269 = HGL, XV, 1559 et CIL, XII, 4297 = HGL, XV, 1538) permet de lire la dénomination de Cornelia (mulieris) l(iberta) Invita, ce cognomen
Minerve dans le toulousain : un nouveau témoignage épigraphique
Authors: Suspène Arnaud
Published: January 2016

Une inscription fragmentaire de Narbonnaise est ici publiée pour la première fois. L’inscription a été trouvée dans un village au bord de la Garonne sur le territoire de la cité de Tolosa (Verdun-sur-Garonne). Bien que d’autres lettres soient présentes sur les fragments, seuls deux mots ont pu être restitués avec certitude : sacrum Mineruae.

L’inscription, qui date probablement de l’époque flavienne, est le premier témoignage épigraphique d’un culte à Minerve, déesse dont l’importance pour Domitien comme pour Toulouse est connue de longue date, dans cette partie de la Narbonnaise. Cette inscription livre donc un intéressant aperçu de la vie religieuse dans l’ouest de la

Prouincia au début de l’Empire.
Le rôle des néo-ruraux dans le canton d'Oust, Ariège
Authors: Viel Jeanne-Marie
Published: January 2016

Après une période de relative prospérité reposant sur un élevage avec estive, le canton d'Oust (Ariège) connaît une crise majeure au milieu du XIXe siècle. L'exode rural est important et les agriculteurs restant n'ont pas les moyens d'adapter leur système de production agricole aux nouvelles conditions économiques. L'agriculture régresse et la population s'amenuise. Malgré la grande capacité d'adaptation dont ils ont fait preuve, les néo-ruraux installés dans le canton depuis 1970 disposent de trop peu de moyens économiques pour renverser cette tendance.
Une «herdade» agro-forestière en Algarve, Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Aderito
Published: January 2016

A large forest estate in Algarve, southern Portugal. The author describes a herdade, i.e. a large estate, situated in the hilly schist district of Algarve. As many others, this herdade is devoted to forests rather than to agriculture and it seems to be poorly managed. The survey of its activities enlightens a process of extensification : there is a decrease in employment, dry crop cultures are abandoned, many tree plantations are left without enough care, and irrigated crops cover a small acreage only if compared with the total surface.
Le bassin du Segura : une expansion problématique de l'irrigation
Authors: Calvo Garcia-Tornel Francisco
Published: January 2016

L'achèvement pendant la décennie 1950-1960 de la régulation des débits fluviaux dans le bassin du Segura par la construction de barrages de retenue, n'a pas mis fin à la pénurie des ressources en eau disponibles pour l'agriculture, l'industrie et la consommation urbaine. Les ressources souterraines sont de plus en plus sollicitées ; leur intense exploitation a permis de doubler, entre 1960 et 1980, les surfaces irriguées. L'épuisement rapide des aquifères a obligé à envisager le transfert de débits fluviaux à partir d'autres bassins hydrographiques. Le trasvase des eaux du Tajo dans le bassin du Segura, transfert qui avait été présenté par les politiciens franquistes comme devant résoudre de façon définitive le problème du déficit hydrique dans le bassin du Segura, a été achevé avec beaucoup de retard et n'apporte pas les débits prévus. Le bilan des ressources et des besoins en eau dans le bassin du Segura fait pourtant apparaître que le fonctionnement normal du trasvase est la condition vitale du maintien des superficies irriguées.
Espaces ruraux et villes-centres en Espagne
Authors: Laborde Pierre
Published: January 2016

Spatial relations and distribution of country land and urban centers in Spain. A thirty minutes isochrone designed around each town with 20.000 inhabitants or more delineates urban and periurban areas contrasting with country land. In Spain, a large part of the territory remains out of reach of any urban influence ; on the other hand 21 urban centers form together with their periurban areas isolated units and some others are dispatched along axis or within areas which are unevenly populated.
Vin de Cahors et prospérité dans le Lot
Authors: Sabalcagaray Marie-Dominique
Published: January 2016

En 1971, après presque un siècle d'éclipsé le vin de Cahors regagnait ses lettres de noblesse en obtenant l'Appellation d'origine contrôlée. En 1983, le vignoble couvre plus de 2 000 ha, la quadruple de 1971. Le succès obtenu est incontestable, il s'inscrit dans le paysage et dans la modernisation des processus de production mais il reste fragile. Le vignoble s'est étendu trop vite, sans qu'une politique soutenue d'extension du marché ait été mise sur pied. L'offre de Cahors est déjà supérieure à la demande, les cours risquent de s'effondrer et avec eux l'économie viti-vinicole, l'essor économique et la toute nouvelle croissance démographique de l'aire. Des efforts menés collectivement cherchent à résoudre les différends entre viticulteurs et négociants, à contrôler la vitesse d'expansion du vignoble tout en partant à la conquête de nouveaux marchés.
Divisions géographiques de la France indiquées par une analyse des moulins en 1809
Authors: Rivals Claude
Published: January 2016

Divisiones geográficas de Francia, a partir del análisis del censo de molinos de 1809. Reexamen según criterios técnicos del censo de 1809 de los molinos de Francia. En la distribución espacial de los diversos tipos de molinos se observa influencia de los factores naturales, especialmente en cuanto a la distribución de los vientos. Pero sobre todo se observa la coincidencia entre el, área de molinos de rueda horizontal y el conjunto de los paises caracterizados por la Comunidad lingüística, Occitania.
A GLOBAL GALACTIC DYNAMO WITH A CORONA CONSTRAINED BY RELATIVE HELICITY
Authors: Prasad A. , Mangalam A.
Published: January 2016

We present a model for a global axisymmetric turbulent dynamo operating in a galaxy with a corona that treats the parameters of turbulence driven by supernovae and by magneto-rotational instability under a common formalism. The nonlinear quenching of the dynamo is alleviated by the inclusion of small-scale advective and diffusive magnetic helicity fluxes, which allow the gauge-invariant magnetic helicity to be transferred outside the disk and consequently to build up a corona during the course of dynamo action. The time-dependent dynamo equations are expressed in a separable form and solved through an eigenvector expansion constructed using the steady-state solutions of the dynamo equation. The parametric evolution of the dynamo solution allows us to estimate the final structure of the global magnetic field and the saturated value of the turbulence parameter α

m
, even before solving the dynamical equations for evolution of magnetic fields in the disk and the corona, along with α-quenching. We then solve these equations simultaneously to study the saturation of the large-scale magnetic field, its dependence on the small-scale magnetic helicity fluxes, and the corresponding evolution of the force-free field in the corona. The quadrupolar large-scale magnetic field in the disk is found to reach equipartition strength within a timescale of 1 Gyr. The large-scale magnetic field in the corona obtained is much weaker than the field inside the disk and has only a weak impact on the dynamo operation.
ETA CARINAE’S THERMAL X-RAY TAIL MEASURED WITH XMM-NEWTON AND NuSTAR
Authors: Hamaguchi Kenji , Corcoran Michael F. , Gull Theodore R. , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Grefenstette Brian W. , Yuasa Takayuki , Stuhlinger Martin , Russell Christopher M. P. , Moffat Anthony F. J. , Sharma Neetika , Madura Thomas I. , Richardson Noel D. , Groh Jose , Pittard Julian M. , Owocki Stanley
Published: January 2016

The evolved, massive highly eccentric binary system, η Car, underwent a periastron passage in the summer of 2014. We obtained two coordinated X-ray observations with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR during the elevated X-ray flux state and just before the X-ray minimum flux state around this passage. These NuSTAR observations clearly detected X-ray emission associated with η Car extending up to ∼50 keV for the first time. The NuSTAR spectrum above 10 keV can be fit with the bremsstrahlung tail from a kT ∼ 6 keV plasma. This temperature is ΔkT ∼ 2 keV higher than those measured from the iron K emission line complex, if the shocked gas is in collisional ionization equilibrium. This result may suggest that the companion star's pre-shock wind velocity is underestimated. The NuSTAR observation near the X-ray minimum state showed a gradual decline in the X-ray emission by 40% at energies above 5 keV in a day, the largest rate of change of the X-ray flux yet observed in individual η Car observations. The column density to the hardest emission component, N
H ∼ 1024 H cm−2, marked one of the highest values ever observed for η Car, strongly suggesting increased obscuration of the wind–wind colliding X-ray emission by the thick primary stellar wind prior to superior conjunction. Neither observation detected the power-law component in the extremely hard band that INTEGRAL and Suzaku observed prior to 2011. If the non-detection by NuSTAR is caused by absorption, the power-law source must be small and located very near the wind–wind collision apex. Alternatively, it may be that the power-law source is not related to either η Car or the GeV γ-ray source.
THE SWIFT GRB HOST GALAXY LEGACY SURVEY. II. REST-FRAME NEAR-IR LUMINOSITY DISTRIBUTION AND EVIDENCE FOR A NEAR-SOLAR METALLICITY THRESHOLD
Authors: Perley D. A. , Tanvir N. R. , Hjorth J. , Laskar T. , Berger E. , Chary R. , Postigo A. de Ugarte , Fynbo J. P. U. , Krühler T. , Levan A. J. , Michałowski M. J. , Schulze S.
Published: January 2016

We present rest-frame near-IR (NIR) luminosities and stellar masses for a large and uniformly selected population of gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies using deep Spitzer Space Telescope imaging of 119 targets from the Swift GRB Host Galaxy Legacy Survey spanning 0.03 < z < 6.3, and we determine the effects of galaxy evolution and chemical enrichment on the mass distribution of the GRB host population across cosmic history. We find a rapid increase in the characteristic NIR host luminosity between z ∼ 0.5 and z ∼ 1.5, but little variation between z ∼ 1.5 and z ∼ 5. Dust-obscured GRBs dominate the massive host population but are only rarely seen associated with low-mass hosts, indicating that massive star-forming galaxies are universally and (to some extent) homogeneously dusty at high redshift while low-mass star-forming galaxies retain little dust in their interstellar medium. Comparing our luminosity distributions with field surveys and measurements of the high-z mass–metallicity relation, our results have good consistency with a model in which the GRB rate per unit star formation is constant in galaxies with gas-phase metallicity below approximately the solar value but heavily suppressed in more metal-rich environments. This model also naturally explains the previously reported “excess” in the GRB rate beyond z ≳ 2; metals stifle GRB production in most galaxies at z < 1.5 but have only minor impact at higher redshifts. The metallicity threshold we infer is much higher than predicted by single-star models and favors a binary progenitor. Our observations also constrain the fraction of cosmic star formation in low-mass galaxies undetectable to Spitzer to be small at z < 4.
L’action sanitaire et sociale, une transmission en danger
Authors: Gauthier Pierre
Published: January 2016

La disparition des ddass et des drass s’accompagne de la perte d’une certaine culture de l’action sanitaire et sociale. La création, il y a un demi-siècle, de ces services avait précédé et accompagné le lancement de grandes politiques nationales, dont les deux lois du 30 juin 1975 furent la meilleure illustration. L’auteur, pour qui cette histoire reste à écrire, évoque un certain nombre de décisions – ou de non-décisions – majeures qui ont jalonné un demi-siècle de vie sociale de notre pays.
Peut-on transmettre les valeurs essentielles du vivre ensemble sans les donner à vivre ?
Authors: Ott Laurent
Published: January 2016

Comment peut-on en arriver à vouloir faire taire des enfants et des jeunes au nom du droit à l’expression ? Comment peut-on rendre compte du niveau inouï d’exclusion, de sanctions et de rappels à l’ordre au sein même des institutions éducatives et sociales qui sont censées transmettre des valeurs de tolérance et d’inclusion ? On chercherait en vain dans nos institutions l’illustration réelle des valeurs dites essentielles. Il n’est plus de mise aujourd’hui de rechercher la liberté des acteurs ou des usagers des services sociaux ou éducatifs. On semble avoir préféré définitivement à ce concept les termes de responsabilité, de devoirs et de limites. L’égalité a été déformée et réduite à une pseudo « égalité des chances » et les inégalités sociales se banalisent alors que grandit l’indifférence au sort des autres. La Fraternité semble encore plus absente que les autres valeurs quand les espaces publics et communs deviennent le terrain des politiques dites de sécurité et que le concept de communauté, plus que jamais en France, est décrié et honni. Il s’avère que faute d’une véritable pédagogie de la mise en œuvre des valeurs essentielles, on se condamne sans doute à cultiver la division et les clivages sociaux. Seule la pédagogie sociale propose encore de donner à vivre concrètement, ici et maintenant, de véritables expériences de Liberté, d’Égalité et de Fraternité. Son développement n’est guère soutenu.
Travail social : malaise dans la transmission
Authors: Grimaud Lin
Published: January 2016

La fonction clinique est menacée de réduction fonctionnaliste par deux tendances qui se renforcent mutuellement : d’une part, la gouvernance managériale tentée par le confort de la table rase ; d’autre part, l’attitude de la génération des professionnels sur le départ qui considèrent la tradition clinique comme incompatible avec ce nouvel environnement, donc intransmissible.
Les paroles qui nous fabriquent
Authors: Boutonnier Julien
Published: January 2016

L’auteur de ce texte a tenté de donner quelques contours au problème épineux du traumatisme de la Shoah dans la culture occidentale. Il reprend l’hypothèse d’Imre Kertész selon laquelle Auschwitz constitue une matrice de culture pour l’avenir et tente, en s’appuyant sur les travaux de Pierre Legendre et sur son vécu le plus personnel, de mettre en fonction le corpus des textes écrits par les grands témoins de la Shoah. Il s’agit de poser les livres provoqués par Auschwitz comme référence, comme miroir où l’homme occidental trouve à se mettre à nouveau en relation avec la mort.
Je vous transmets des scénettes en quête de sens
Authors: Boudou Françoise
Published: January 2016

Là où l’acte barbare sidère la pensée et expulse le sens, l’auteur propose ses associations : petites scènes, lectures, pensées personnelles en association. Ce n’est pas une tentative d’explication, c’est le simple mouvement pour relancer la pensée sidérée par la destructivité.
In another country . Au pays des songes et du cinéma
Authors: Ruiz Thierry
Published: January 2016

Passionné puis formé dans une école de cinéma, j’ai voulu transmettre la richesse de ce support auprès d’adultes gravement handicapés par la maladie mentale. « Une blessure, dit l’écrivain, écoute plus finement qu’une oreille. » Ce support n’a pas seulement donné du plaisir, il a libéré, il a célébré les retrouvailles entre le dedans et le dehors, l’intimité et l’altérité. Le philosophe E. Levinas nous transmet que le seul souci de l’altérité nous préserve de la barbarie et il nous dit aussi que le souci de l’autre et celui de l’avenir sont inséparables.