bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D vibration and stress analysis of insulators
Authors: D. Mazur  , M. Trojnar
Published: July 2017

Numerous dedicated computer packages are of much help at insulator designing process. Making a digital model of an insulator and then performing computer simulation for the phenomena occurring both inside and outside of it, becomes nowadays a vital information source on the insulator behavior at established (both given and analyzed) operational conditions. Such a process appears to be necessary at the stage of insulator design process. The computer simulation results can verify the data obtained during actual insulator operation or laboratory tests, which make it possible to do suitable adjustments still at the design stage in order to include some innovative solutions, operational features, improvements as well as to get some economical advantages resulting from them.
Selected problems associated with static electricity and mechanical phenomena occurring at insulator operation have been addressed in this paper. The calculations have been made with ANSYS Multipurpose Finite Elements Method Package as well as the MSC/PATRAN v.8.5, the latter used mainly for mechanical purposes [6].
Modelling of Electrical and Mechanical Phenomena in Induction Motors with Air-Gap Eccentricity.
Authors: D. Mazur  , M. Trojnar
Published: July 2017

Parasitic torque harmonics and stator current harmonics to rotational speed of the asynchronous motor are presented in this paper. The study of torque harmonics and stator current harmonics has been carried out with the computer simulation. The obtained results on both 2D and 3D graphs are presented to the rotational speed of the electric motor.
Parameters for each particular harmonics have been found with these graphs. These graphs help to identify the origins of these harmonics as the co-action of the MMF of the stator current and the magnetic induction from the rotor in the airgap. Particular attention has been paid to how iron saturation influences these harmonics. The harmonics under study (in quantity of 18) has been taken under consideration, because they exhibited their presence in the mentioned above graphs as the functions of speed. Their origin has been also indicated on the graphs made as an extension of the Kluszczynski analytic/graphic diagrams [6].
A Space Vector Modulation Control Algorithm for VSI Multi – Level Converters.
Authors: A. Cataliotti  , F. Genduso  , G. Ricco Galluzzo
Published: July 2017

In this paper a novel modular digital control algorithm for multi level inverters is introduced and discussed. This algorithm is essentially based on the duty cycle expression and allows a great simplification, because of its modularity and its simple implementation. The algorithm is particularly suitable for the Multi Point Clamped (MPC) inverters with no constraint on the number of the voltage levels and results faster than the most recent solutions proposed in literature. The modulation techniques considered in the paper are the sub oscillation PWM and, above all, the Space Vector Modulation (SVM), but the proposed algorithm may be employed for the main carrier based PWM control techniques including the “Zero sequence injection”. Simulation of a MPC inverters, controlled with the proposed algorithm, have been made with the help of the MATLAB-SIMULINK® package. For these simulations a mathematical model already known in literature, but adapted to be used within the MATLAB-SIMULINK® environment, has been used. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the MPC model formulation and of the proposed control algorithm.
Switched Reluctance Drives for Electric Vehicle Applications.
Authors: P.Andrada  , M.Torrent  , B.Blanqué  , J.I.Perat
Published: July 2017

Electric vehicles are the only alternative for a clean, efficient and environmentally friendly urban transport system. With the increasing interest in electric vehicles, a great effort is required in order to develop electric drives for electric vehicle propulsion. This paper first tries to explain why the switched reluctance drive is a strong candidate for electric vehicle applications. It then gives switched reluctance drive design guidelines for battery or fuel cell operated electric vehicles. Finally, it presents the design and simulation of a switched reluctance motor power train.
Stray Load Losses in Induction Machines A Review of experimental measuring Methods and a critical Performance
Authors: H. Köfler
Published: July 2017

As stray load losses are the most unknown element of the balance of power in induction machines a number of theories how to calculate and to measure these losses exist. The following intends to describe, compare and criticise a number of different measuring methods performed with the same machine. By discussion of the theoretical background of additional losses the deficiencies of the different methods can be seen. The comparison of the results delivers surprising equalities of methods in the loss values but also very disturbing false measurements which might support the engineering community in sticking to the convenient percentage value given in the standards. However to meet the stringent requirements of high efficiency motors a thorough investigation on measurement of stray load losses is still necessary.
Influence on Power Quality Measurement of the Simultaneous Presence of Different Disturbances.
Authors: Mañana, M  , Eguíluz, L.I  , Lavandero, J.C  , Díez, G
Published: July 2017

Power Quality measurements involve not only problems related with the real use of recorders but also theoretical questions connected with functional and design aspects of the instrumentation. In addition, there are a rising number of standards covering topics from design to data analysis, so final users usually assume that they do not have to pay special attention to PQ instrumentation functionality when the device is designed according to approved standards. However, it is not unusual to find different disturbances at the same point and in the same time and standards do not say anything about their mutual influence on PQ index.
The main aim of this research work is to show the influence that having different disturbances (flicker and sags) simultaneously has on the final results provided by the instrumentation for each individual disturbance. The paper proposes a test system and a methodology. The results of various tests using commercial and research instrumentation are presented and some possible solutions to these problems are considered.
Problems Derived from the Simultaneous Utilisation of Different Flickermeters in Large Electric Networks.
Authors: Eguíluz, L.I.  , Mañana, M  , Ortiz, A  , Madrazo, A
Published: July 2017

Power Quality assessment in distribution networks requires distributed measurements in order to verify the PQ state of the art. This process cannot simply be considered as an extension of a measurement at a given point because several variables need to be considered: number of PQM; election of optimal measurement location; synchronisation of instrumentation and management of captured data.
This work focuses on the problems related with the simultaneous utilisation of different flickermeters in large electric networks.
From a classical instrumentation point of view, several flickermeters from different customers are tested in the laboratory in order to determine the differences in the accuracy of the results. Both Pst and Plt are statistical parameters calculated using a large number of samples of the instantaneous flicker level IFL . The number of captured samples can vary from one instrument to another, so different flickermeters provide different values.
Modelling, Testing and Economic Analysis of a Small – Scale Hybrid Wind-PV-Battery System Installation.
Authors: A. D. Karlis  , D. P. Papadopoulos
Published: July 2017

In this paper the performance of a practical smallscale hybrid Wind-Photovoltaic-Battery system installation is thoroughly investigated. The system has been installed on the roof of the Electrical Engineering Laboratory Building in Xanthi, Greece and on-site measurements of the main electrical quantities of this system are automatically monitored. A meteorological system has also been installed on the top of the same building and sufficient wind, solar, etc., measurements are continuously taken and processed/evaluated for the purpose of the present paper.
In order to thoroughly evaluate energy wise this installation, a computer program was developed with which the main subsystems of this hybrid system were modelled and practical simulations were performed to technically and economically assess its steady state performance under different types of operation (i.e. autonomous or grid connected mode). Using this program, appropriate economical indices were computed in a systematic manner to examine the economic viability and exploitation of a power system of this type. In addition associated non-financial positive attributes were evaluated, i.e. local/national environmental and socio-economic development impacts.
A New MatLab Model for Wind Speed Simulation in Wind Induction Generator Units.
Authors: José Coto Aladro  , Mª Isabel García Álvarez  , Guzmán Díaz González  , Javier Gómez-Aleixandre
Published: July 2017

Wind Energy is a clean and economic energy resourcefrom which, thanks to the technological advances achieved in the last decades, we can derive many benefits in an increasingly efficient way. In line with this advance in the different systems of wind generation, new models that allow to simulate the operation with a greater accuracy should be developed. Therefore it is necessary to thoroughly study an essential factor in the operation of this type of facilities as it is the wind behaviour.
This paper explain the design, implementation and simulation of a model that represents the possible conditions of wind that can occur in a given wind installation.
Uncertainty in Measurements of Power and Energy on Power Networks.
Authors: E. Manov  , N. Kolev
Published: July 2017

The problem on measurement of power and energy in single-phase and three-phase networks is always very important. The accuracy and precision of measurement is of equal importance for both manufacturers and consumers. The general problem is to determine the uncertainty of the energy produced in a specified power station and delivered to different consumers. Measuring instruments used for energy measurement are voltage and current instrument transformers and electricity meters. The approach proposed combines the information that can be derived from the nominal accuracy specifications of the instrument transformers with the information resulting from the calibration of the electricity meters. The combination allows achieving the evaluation of uncertainty in power and energy measurement. Both instrument transformers are subject to ratio error and phase error. In the paper an expression for maximum (positive and negative) errors as a function of the relative load current is derived. A method for calibration of electricity meters, measurement instruments used in the procedure, processing and presentation of the final results are presented as well. Having the information about the accuracy of both voltage and current instrument transformers and finding the uncertainty of electricity meter (according to the method outlined), it is possible to determine the total uncertainty of energy (power) measurement in conditions of load current variations and different modes of operation. The final accuracy of energy measurement may be presented by giving the specification limits in terms of measured value.
A Methodology Based on an Expert Fuzzy System for the Selection of the Architecture, Technology and Characteristics of a Domotics System.
Authors: R. Mayo Bayón  , F. Mateos Martín  , L. Reina Ortega  , B. Fanjul Viña  , A. Robles Álvarez  , A. M. López Rodríguez
Published: July 2017

The main aims of this work are:
1) To simplify the tasks related to the selection anddevelopment of domotics projects, facilitating theintroduction of this technology in the market.
2) To help the different sectors involved in construction(architects, property developers, electricians, users,etc.) to find a rational use of the building installations,with the resulting energy savings.
3) The wide variety of existing systems, technologies andmanufacturers hinds learning and taking decisions.With this work, the confluence points and the mostobjectives mechanisms for comparison and selectioncan be found.
In this work, a methodology for helping to mitigate the doubtsand problems that domotics installations convey is developed.That Methodology for the Selection and Development ofDomotics Projects is based on well defined phases orsequences, and will allow the direct and unambiguous selectionof the best domotics systems for each particular building,according to multiple criteria. The set of criteria are obtainedfrom the knowledge of experts, using a fuzzy logic expertsystem (ES).
This methodology materializes in a software application with afriendly graphic interface which presents the final results bymeans of a set of comparative tables for the differentarchitectures and domotics technologies.
Determination of the Ground Resistance and Distribution of Potentials in Grounding Grids Using Solid FEM.
Authors: J. A. Güemes  , F. Rodriguez  , J. M. Ruiz  , F. E. Hernando
Published: July 2017

Admitting the independence of the ground resistance in relation to the earth fault current, a new method for the calculation of the ground resistance using the finite element method to the resolution of solid models in 3D, is presented in this paper. The results obtained by the method proposed were compared with those measured experimentally or determined, utilising other methods. Once ground resistance value and the earth fault current are known, the grid potential as well as the touch and step voltages are calculated. The main advantage of the method herein proposed is that it permits us to analyse symmetrical and non-symmetric grids in uniform soils with a layer o multiples layers. The method developed in this paper constitutes an industrial application, of acceptable results, to the calculation of the ground resistance.
Economic Formalism for Optimizing the Design and Energy Management of a Hybrid Wind/Photovoltaic System.
Authors: O. Gergau  , G. Robin  , H. Ben Ahmed  , B. Multon
Published: July 2017

The objective herein is to establish a set of rules and tools for optimizing both energy management and design of a hybrid wind/photovoltaic production system, coupled to the grid and equipped with an electrochemical storage device. Optimization steps are carried out on the database containing consumption patterns and production resources. The chief optimization criterion is economic, with a focus on minimizing total cost of the system as well as of its installation and use over the long term (15 years). In this article, we will present the existing economic relationships inherent in such a system, prior to developing economic models for each of the various component units.
An Electricity Day-Ahead Market Simulation Model.
Authors: T. Nogueira  , A. Vale  , Z. Vale
Published: July 2017

Several years have passed since the first efforts to restructure the electricity sector. Today many countries have already introduced electricity restructuring reform laws, a process commonly referred as deregulation. The arguments for deregulation include expected increased competition, new system efficiency, lower average costs to consumers and the promise of future improvement as markets grow in size and sophistication. The restructuring process has gone beyond the point of no return. In the European Union there are clear directives that impose the member states deadlines to implement competitive markets. Such is the case of Portugal and Spain, whose governments have decided to establish an Iberian electricity market.
This paper presents a simulation prototype of a competitive daily market, including pool and bilateral transactions, inspired on the system that has been successfully performing in Spain. The simulator provides users a means to obtain a deeper knowledge and awareness of a competitive electricity market.
Low-Cost Digital System for Power Quality Monitoring.
Authors: José Batista  , Júlio S. Martins  , João L. Afonso
Published: July 2017

This paper describes the development of a low-cost digital system used for power quality monitoring and power management. The system uses voltage and current Hall sensors, a standard data acquisition board, and has its processing system based in LabVIEW™, running on a regular PC. The system acquires data continuously, and storage in files the events that result from the anomalies detected in the monitored power system. Several parameters related to power quality can be analysed through 6 different applications: “Scope and THD”, “Strip Chart”, “Wave Shape”, “Sags and Swells”, “Classical Values” and “p-q Theory Values”. The acquired information can be visualized in tables and/or in charts. It is also possible to generate reports in HTML format. In this format, the reports can be sent directly to a printer, can be embedded in other software applications, or can be accessed through the Internet, using a web browser. It is also shown the potential of the developed system, namely the advantages of virtual instrumentation, regarding to flexibility, cost and performance in the scope of power quality monitoring and power management (after acquisition, processing and analysing of the information, data and warnings can be sent through Internet or wireless technology).
Feasibility Study of Using Super Capacitors as Storage Devices in Photovoltaic Systems.
Authors: T. Zouaghi  , B. Issaou  , A. Schmitt  , M. LeBitoux
Published: July 2017

One of the isolated PV set power supply disadvantage is the low level of energy, which considerably limits the powered applications. The aim of this paper deals with supercapacitor utilization in such installations so to solve the power limitation problem. The study shows that this idea worth going into, but not yet mature considering the economic point of view. Supercpapacitor technology is improving rapidly nowadays, we are confidant that in the near future, this application should be viable.
Influence of the Network Reconfiguration in the Performance of Harmonic Filters Located in an Electric Power System.
Authors: M. F. Coelho Monteiro  , J. A. Dias Pinto  , A. C. S. Machado e Moura
Published: July 2017

Voltage and current harmonics on an electric power system are consequence from the non-linear operating characteristics of system loads and network components. Power electronic devices, arc furnaces and transformer saturation usually produce the harmonic currents. In order to minimise voltage distortion and improve the power quality of the system, harmonic filters are used and they can be designed and tuned in accordance with the pollution sources, the load demand and the network topology.
In this paper it is studied and analysed the influence of the system reconfiguration in the harmonic distortion, using the software package Harmonique applied to a test power system. Different load levels and changes in power factor compensation were analysed. For each of these scenarios it was studied the influence of the network reconfiguration after the occurrence of a contingency.
Finally, some conclusions that provide a valuable contribution to the better understanding of the current and voltage distortion in order to tune harmonic filters in an electric power system are pointed out.
A Comprehensive Model of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Dynamic Simulations and Power System Studies.
Authors: J. Soens  , J. Driesen  , R. Belmans
Published: July 2017

The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is a very suitable generator type for wind turbine applications. However, its operation principles and its control are rather complex. This paper will describe the different steps for modelling and simulating the generator behaviour. A simulation example of the operation of a DFIG in a small power system is presented.
Cost of Transmission Transactions: Comparison and Discussion of Used Methods.
Authors: Judite Ferreira  , Zita Vale  , A. Almeida Vale  , Ricardo Puga
Published: July 2017

Power market deregulation imposed the separation of several activities such as power production, transmission and distribution, with the consequent separation of these activities costs.
This article presents and compares methods that allow determining how much and who must pay for the use of the electrical transmission network. This issue is analysed, under the point of view of several transmission system users: generators, loads and transactions being analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of each method, from the point of view of the considered users are discussed.
The embedded methods are used as the base of costs calculation, specifically the methods Postage-Stamp and MW-mile and some of its variants. This study is illustrated using a simple nine-bus electrical network that being used by R&D groups for several projects concerning power markets.
Study of Wind Power Limit for a Network Bus.
Authors: D. García García  , M.P. Comech  , M. Sanz  , J.B. Arroyo  , J.B. ArroyoM. García-Gracia
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the influence of the point of common coupling of a wind farm on the voltage fluctuations. The main aim is to deduce the maximum wind power that can be connected taking into account the impact in the electrical network. The weight of a wind farm production in a close up bus is analysed, and the necessity of a dynamic analysis to establish the wind power limit is shown
Recycling of Small Electrical Machines and its Applications for Low Cost Wind Turbines.
Authors: A. Gálvez  , M. Lejárraga  , J. S. Artal  , A. Usón  , F. J. Arcega
Published: July 2017

Nowadays, recycling issues has reached also the electrical machines engineering. Paper as “Principios de Diseño para Reciclar Motores de Inducción” [1] is an example of the interest of this matter within the engineers and professor all around the world. Students seem to be particularly interested in recycling, especially if its is applied to energy generation [2]. Fractional horsepower electrical motors, which can be found in any home appliances, as washing machines, hovers, mixers, etc., and automotion are the preferred machines as they are very easy to find and they are be simply to handle and operate [3]. The transformation of these machines into generators is not difficult, but it is a good exercise for students as it demands a deep knowledge of the electrical theory [4]. Energy generated by these machines is always stored in batteries and accumulators, so it can be applied to move electrical water pumps, drip irrigation systems, and to provide energy to isolated farmhouses [5]. The final purpose of this paper is to give ideas of how to make the lowest cost energy generator, both in terms of money and environmental impact.
A few years ago, our department started some projects and prototypes in the electrical recycling area. The great interested showed by the students and the quality of the experimental designs presented, have lead us to carry out this paper. Along this work, some of these samples are depicted, trying to show an objective vision of the matter. We will not included energy efficiency issues and energy losses of the recycled machines as they are not the main reason of the studies. Former prototypes shall focus in how to improve the isolation category of the generator, as it new location is quite different from the one which was design for.
IN MEMORIAM
Authors: ALBIS GONZÁLEZ VÍCTOR SAMUEL
Published: July 2017

Haber nacido en un lugar y en un tiempo determinados, no significa ser piedra de cantera fija. Es, simplemente, haber escogido un nido para conjugar el amor mientras las alas conocen las rutas del vuelo.Eso sucedió con VÍCTOR SAMUEL ALBIS GONZÁLEZ, el héroe que murió con la inocencia de los sabios. Nació en Sincelejo, un día de luna espléndida. Momento que estremeció las entrañas de la escritora, pedagoga y educadora Julieta González-Tapia, su madre, y la mansedumbre de Víctor Hugo Albis Villalba, quien, en trayecto lírico, ya era reconocido como el poeta Gerónimo Osiris, su padre.
Diagnóstico clínico de alotrofagia en bovinos del departamento de Sucre Colombia
Authors: Cardona A José , Montes V Donicer , Martínez M Mastoby
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y describir las características clínicas de 17 casos de alotrofagia en terneros, de ambos sexos y edades comprendidas entre 14 y 25 meses de edad, procedentes del municipio de la unión, Sucre (Colombia) entre los meses de enero y abril en el periodo de 2005 al 2016. Se realizó examen clínico general y digestivo especial encontrándose manifestaciones clínicas similares en todos animales, las cuales consistieron en la evidencia de mala condición corporal, anemia y edema en la papada, así como aumento de volumen en el cuadrante inferior izquierdo del abdomen, al realizar movimientos de sucusión y percusión del abdomen se evidencio la presencia de material sólido en grandes cantidades que emitían un sonido parecido al golpe de varias piedras en un saco y a la auscultación se encontró apagamiento de los sonidos ruminales. A todos los animales se les realizó extracción quirúrgica del material mediante ruminotomía, encontrándose principalmente piedras, plástico, huesos y semillas de Elaeis oleífera (corozo). El diagnóstico de alotrofagia se realizó basado en la anamnesis, las características clínicas en el animal y la extracción quirúrgica del material, que son características en este tipo de alteración nutricional. A pesar de que es evento común en bovinos provenientes esta región del departamento de Sucre, este es el primer reporte de alotrofagia en bovinos de este departamento y Colombia.
Trastornos pódales en bovinos de sistemas de producción doble propósito en el Departamento Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Álvarez P Jaime , Martínez M Mastoby , Cardona A José
Published: July 2017

El Objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de trastornos pódales en bovinos doble propósito en el Departamento de Córdoba. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal utilizando 170 vacas mayores de tres años escogidas al azar en diferentes fincas del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, las cuales fueron evaluadas mediante la realización del examen clínico general y del sistema locomotor, con énfasis en la evaluación de las pezuñas, determinando la normalidad o anormalidad que presentaron estas y de acuerdo con la lesión encontrada se identifico dicho trastorno. La frecuencia de trastornos pódales en el Departamento de Córdoba fue del 64,70% del total de la muestra estudiada. El 30,59% de los animales estudiados presentaron alteración de la relación 2:1 muralla-talón y el 47,05% presentaron algún tipo de patología podal. Las patologías pódales encontradas fueron: Pezuña en tirabuzón (36,47%), Granuloma digital (17,06%), Pododermatitis séptica (4,71%) y Callo interdigital (2,35%). La incidencia de cojeras fue del 78,75% con respecto a los animales que presentaron patologías y de 37,05% con relación al total de la muestra. Además se encontró dependencia entre el tipo de terreno con relación al trastorno podal e independencia entre arreglos pódales y presencia de pediluvios con relación al trastorno podal.
Aproximación a la fauna de pseudoescorpiones (Arthropoda: Arachnida) del departamento de Sucre, Caribe colombiano
Authors: Bedoya-Roqueme Edwin , Pérez-Agudelo Madeleissy , Quirós-Rodriguez Jorge
Published: July 2017

En áreas sabanizadas y bosque seco tropical del departamento de Sucre, Caribe colombiano, se estudió la fauna de pseudoescorpiones. Se colectaron 38 individuos distribuidos en cuatro familias y seis especies, siendo la hojarasca y la corteza los microhábitats más abundantes. La especie Pseudochthonius heterodentatus Beier, 1946 se reporta por primera vez y se incrementa la distribución conocida hacia Colombia. El esfuerzo de muestreo permitió registrar cerca del 86% de las especies de pseudoescorpiones, por tanto, se puede considerar que se realizó una buena aproximación de la fauna de pseudoescorpiones en el departamento de Sucre.
Primer registro de la tortuga de río Kinosternon leucostomum (DUMERIL & BIBRON, 1851), para las estribaciones de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta en la Guajira colombiana
Authors: Mendoza Roldan Juan , Ropain Hernandez Eber
Published: July 2017

La tortuga de río (K. leucostomum), fue registrada por primera vez en 2011 para el departamento de Guajira, dentro de la franja baja de la Serranía de Perijá (GALVIS-PEÑUELA  et al., 2011).  Nuestras observaciones constituyen el primer registro de esta especie para las estribaciones de la Sierra nevada de Santa Marta, y el segundo registro para el departamento de la Guajira, Caribe colombiano.
Los Acuerdos de Paz de la Habana: una oportunidad para disminuir la pobreza y la exclusión rural en Sucre, Colombia
Authors: Jaimes-Amorocho Hernando , Lugo H Emily
Published: July 2017

Las regiones rurales ocupan una gran extensión de los países y se caracterizan por su importancia para el desarrollo y la cohesión social de las poblaciones; lo que hace necesaria la evaluación de políticas y el contexto de estas zonas en territorios rurales como el Departamento de Sucre. En este sentido, el presente documento hace un análisis, a través de un recorrido por la normatividad agraria del país, de las características de las zonas rurales del Departamento y la propuesta establecida en los acuerdos de paz de la Habana, para determinar las oportunidades que se podrían presentar para mejorar las condiciones económicas y sociales en el Departamento de Sucre.
AN INSIGHT INTO OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: Rathore K. S. , Nema R. K.
Published: July 2017

Promising management of eye ailments take off effective concentration of drug at the eye for sufficient period of time. Dosage forms are administered directly to eye for localized ophthalmic therapy. Most of the treatments call for the topical administration of ophthalmic active drugs to the tissues around the ocular cavity. Conventional ophthalmic drug delivery systems including eye drops, ophthalmic ointments, are no longer sufficient to encounter eye diseases. This article reviews the constraints with conventional ocular therapy and explores various novel approaches like in-situ gel, ocular films or ocuserts, nanosuspension, collagen shields, latex systems, nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, iontophorosis, eye implants, etc to improve the ophthalmic bioavailability of drugs to the anterior chamber of the eye.
A STUDY OF ANALGESIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF MITRAGYNA PARVIFOLIA
Authors: Kaushik D. , Khokra S. L. , Kaushik P. , Saneja A. , Sharma C. , Aneja R. K. , Chaudhary B. , Koshy S.
Published: July 2017

The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of leaves ofMitragyna parvifolia plant (Rubiaceae) family. The analgesic activity was carried out on swiss albino male mice by Eddy’shot plate and Acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract showed only moderate analgesic potential in acetic acidinduced writhing test at all the test doses while the extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg (P<0.01) showed strong analgesicactivity comparable to standard drug Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/Kg, i.p.) in hot plate method. The extract in differentconcentrations was also tested for antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The extract significantlyinhibited S. aureus and showed some degree of inhibition against P. aeruginosa and E. coli.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL COMBINATION FOR HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Shrivastava R. , Solanki S. S. , Tomar V. , Garud N. , Garud A. , Kannojia P. , Jain N.
Published: July 2017

Hyperlipidemia is defined as increase in the lipid content (group of fat or fat like substances along with their lipoprotein counterpart) in blood. The present study was undertaken to explore the antihyperlipidemic effect of ethanolic extract from Fenugreek and Gymnema sylvestre and hydro-alcoholic extract from Curcuma longa in cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Oral administration of various extracts once in a day for two weeks significantly lowered the total cholesterol phospholipid, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and increase the high density lipoprotein level. Present investigation shows that Curcumin caused more significant decrease in the total cholesterol level (1.36 %), serum level of triglyceride (1.32 %), and serum level of LDL (1.39 %) as compared to other groups in cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. The study exhibited that elevated blood cholesterol; triglycerides, LDL, and decrease HDL which occur in Hyperlipidemia were significantly reduced by the administration of combination of Curcumin, Gymnema sylvestre and Fenugreek.
ENHANCED PERCUTANEOUS PERMEABILITY OF ACYCLOVIR BY DMSO FROM TOPICAL GEL FORMULATION
Authors: Dey Sanjay , Mazumder Bhaskar , Patel J. R.
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DMSO on the permeation of acyclovir in the form of topical gel formulations. Different formulations were prepared containing carbopol 934P, acyclovir (1 % w/w) and selected concentration of DMSO (0 to 10% w/w) to evaluate drug content, spreadibility, pH, viscosity, and in-vitro permeation through mouse epidermis and porcine skin. FTIR spectrometry was used to investigate physical state of drug in the gel formulations. The mechanisms of drug permeation were evaluated by FTIR spectrophotometer and histopathological studies. The carbopol 934P gel was found to contain 95.62 to 98.89 % of acyclovir and spreadibility was found in the range of 10.75 to 11.75 g.cm/sec. The pH of all formulations was found near to the skin pH value. The viscosity of the formulations was found inversely proportional with drug permeation. A maximum permeation flux of acyclovir (463.42±36.41µg/cm2.h) through porcine skin was observed with an enhancement ratio of 1.55, when DMSO was incorporated at a concentration of 10%w/w in gel system. The FTIR spectra revealed the absence of drug-polymer interaction. From FTIR spectroscopy and histopathological studies it was evident that the permeation of acyclovir, across mouse and porcine skin, were increased in presence of DMSO which can be attributed to the partial extraction of lipids in the stratum corneum. The results suggest that DMSO may be useful for enhancing the skin permeability of acyclovir from transdermal therapeutic system containing carbopol 934P gel as reservoir.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-FERTILITY POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS LEAVES IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: Mishra N , Joshi S. , Tandon L. V. , Munjal A.
Published: July 2017

Population explosion is a major problem it is raising tremendously; this may affect drastically the economic growth. Sofamily planning has been promoted through several methods of contraception. A wide variety of synthetic contraceptiveagents are available, but these cannot be used continuously due to their side effects. Thus the present study was to evaluatethe effect of Bougainvillea spectabilis on fertility of male and female mice. Swiss Albino mice were orally administeredwith aqueous crude extract of the leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis (800 mg/kg of body weight/day, for 30 days), andeffect of crude extract on reproductive organs and fertility was investigated. The treatment Caused decrease in weight oftestis, sperm count and the histological examination revealed a reduction in the size of seminiferous tubules along with thethickness of germinal epithelial cells, though some of the epithelial cells and interstitial cells of leydig showedhypertrophy. Moreover, the lumen of the tubules was found to be devoid of sperms. On the other hand, in treated femalesno histological changes could be observed. The only marked change, which could be visualized, was the slight disruptionof estrous cycle having prolonged metaestrus phase, which has been increased by 145.28 %. The overall duration of estrouscycle had been extended by more than one day. The hormonal profile was also influenced by the Bougainvillea spectabilisextract. The testosterone and estrogen levels were significantly decreased
ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF ALCOHOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF FICUS RACEMOSA LINN. BARK IN NORMAL AND ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Sachan Nikhil K. , Kumar Yatindra , Pushkar Seema , Thakur R. N. , Gangwar Sudhir S. , Kalaichelvan V. K.
Published: July 2017

The present investigation aims to examine the diabetic potential of the plant Ficus racemosa in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. The bark extract with water, petroleum ether and with alcohol were screened for blood glucose lowering activity and the alcoholic extract having better therapeutic potential was prepared through Soxhlet extraction for further study. Alcoholic and aqueous extract of bark of Ficus racemosa at a dose of 400 mg/Kg was given to normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats and the blood samples taken from the retero-orbital plexus vein were analyzed for blood glucose level as per standard protocol with available kits through Auto-analyzer. The comparison of blood sugar level as per model schedule showed that in normal group the ethanolic extract, at a dose of 400 mg/Kg intra-peritoneal, the blood glucose lowering 28.66 % while in aqueous extract given group it was 25.90 %. In alloxan induced diabetic rats decrease in blood glucose level in aqueous and ethanolic extract group was found to be 27.01 % and 45.03 % respectively. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Ficus racemosa reflected anti-diabetic potential through its glucose lowering activity in experimental animals. It supported the folklore claim of anti-diabetic activity of the plant.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF LEAF OF ABUTILON INDICUM (LINN.)
Authors: Chakraborthy Guno Sindhu
Published: July 2017

Abutilon indicum (Linn) family (Malvaceae) commonly known as Atibala is used in our Traditional System of Medicine for healing various diseases. It is used in the treatment of piles, uterine discharge, febrifuge and in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. In the present investigation an attempt was made to study its Pharmacognostical features, including macroscopic, microscopic features, physico-chemical parameters, leaf constants and to investigated the phytochemical present in the extracts in the preliminary level. Thus it was thought worthwhile to explore the plant on the basis of its standardization parameters. The study will provide a referential information for the correct identification of the crude drug.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID DISPERSIONS OF ACECLOFENAC
Authors: Jani Rupal , Jani Kaushal , Setty C. Mallikarjuna , Patel Dipti
Published: July 2017

Aceclofenac is a potent anti-inflammatory analgesic agent indicated for acute and chronic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ostio arthritis, and onkylosing spondylytis. Aceclofenac is poorly water soluble and may show dissolution limited absorption. Solid dispersions (SDs) of Aceclofenac in PEG-6000, PVP were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The solid dispersion was characterized for physical appearance, solubility and IR. FTIR study reveled that drug was stable in SDs. Solubility of Aceclofenac from SDs increased in distilled water. The drug content was found to be high and uniformly distributed in the all formulation. Dissolution of drug increased from all the solid dispersion. Dissolution of Aceclofenac increased with increase in the proportion of carriers (1:1, 1:5, and 1:9). Of both the carriers used, dissolution of the drug was more in PEG 6000 based SDs. It is concluded that dissolution of the Aceclofenac could be improved by solid dispersion and PEG 6000 based solid dispersions were more effective in the enhancing the dissolution.
EFFECT OF METHOD OF PREPARATION ON CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES OF MEFENAMIC ACID
Authors: Roy S. , Panpalia S. G. , Nandy B. C. , Rai V. K. , Tyagi L. K. , Dey S. , Meena K. C.
Published: July 2017

Mefenamic acid loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared both by thermal and gluteraldehyde cross linking methods and high level of entrapment of Mefenamic acid was obtained in gluteraldehyde cross linking method. The microspheres exhibited good swelling properties. DTA confirmed that Mefenamic acid was in solid dispersion in gluteraldehyde cross-linked chitosan microspheres. These microspheres exhibited faster release at low loading in comparison to high loading. Fitting the dissolution data of microspheres in Ritger-Peppas equation showed that at low loading the diffusional exponent (n) were high. As the polymer content increased the value of diffusional exponent approached to one, which is indicative of nearly zero order release.
SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM AND RABEPRAZOLE BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQIUD CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Choudhary B. , Goyal A. , Khokra S. L. , Kaushik D.
Published: July 2017

A simple, accurate and reproducible HPLC method have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Diclofenac sodium and rabeprazole from their tablets formulations. A phenomenex C18 (Luna) column of length 250×7.5 mm with particle size of the stationary phase 5 µm and S mobile phase potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH adjusted to 7.5 with 1 M sodium hydroxide) and acetonitrile in the ratio 60: 40 were used in this study. Retention time was found to be 9.20 min and 6.40 min for Rabeprazole and diclofenac sodium respectively. While that for internal standard as domperidone was 11.87 min at a flow rate of 2ml / min. Linearity was found in the concentration range of 10-50 µg /ml for both the drugs in this method. The results of analysis have been validated statistically and also by recovery studies.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MATRIX TYPE TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF GLIBENCLAMIDE
Authors: Gupta J. R. D. , Irchhiaya R. , Garud N. , Tripathi Priyanka , Dubey Prashant , Patel J. R.
Published: July 2017

Matrix type transdermal patches containing Glibenclamide were prepared using three different polymers by solvent evaporation technique. Aluminium foil cup method was used as a substrate. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 was used as plasticizer and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as penetration enhancer. The physicochemical parameters like weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, % moisture absorption and % moisture loss were evaluated. In vitro drug release studies and skin permeation studies were carried out using Franz diffusion cell. Cumulative amount of drug released in 12 hours from the six formulations were 55.467, 52.633, 47.157, 53.394, 49.139 and 45.597 %, respectively. The corresponding values for cumulative amount of drug permeated for the said formulation were 43.013, 40.429, 37.793, 41.522, 37.450 and 34.656 %, respectively. On the basis of in vitro drug release and skin permeation performance, formulation HP-1 was found to be better than other formulations and it was selected as the optimized formulation.
OPTIMIZATION OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET OF RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE BY WET GRANULATION METHOD
Authors: Rai V. K. , Pathak N. , Bhaskar R. , Nandi B. C. , Dey S. , Tyagi L. K.
Published: July 2017

Population explosion is a major problem it is raising tremendously; this may affect drastically the economic growth. So family planning has been promoted through several methods of contraception. A wide variety of synthetic contraceptive agents are available, but these cannot be used continuously due to their side effects. Thus the present study was to evaluate the effect of Bougainvillea spectabilison fertility of male and female mice. Swiss Albino mice were orally administered with aqueous crude extract of the leaves of Bougainvillea spectabilis (800 mg/kg of body weight/day, for 30 days), and effect of crude extract on reproductive organs and fertility was investigated. The treatment Caused decrease in weight of testis, sperm count and the histological examination revealed a reduction in the size of seminiferous tubules along with the thickness of germinal epithelial cells, though some of the epithelial cells and interstitial cells of leydig showed hypertrophy. Moreover, the lumen of the tubules was found to be devoid of sperms. On the other hand, in treated females no histological changes could be observed. The only marked change, which could be visualized, was the slight disruption of estrous cycle having prolonged metaestrus phase, which has been increased by 145.28 %. The overall duration of estrous cycle had been extended by more than one day. The hormonal profile was also influenced by the Bougainvillea spectabilis extract. The testosterone and estrogen levels were significantly decreased.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF FAST DISSOLVING THIN FILMS OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM
Authors: Rao N. G. Raghavendra , Kistayya C. , Kumar Gampa Vijaya
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this research work was to formulate a fast dissolving film of Losartan potassium for the treatment of hypertension. The fast dissolving films of Losartan potassium were prepared by solvent casting technique using film forming polymer HPMC 15 and 50 cps and PEG is used as plasticizer. From the preliminary physical observation of these prepared films the best were selected for incorporation of Losartan potassium. The electron microscopy showed that the films are clear, colorless with smooth surface and little pores, without any scratches on the films. All the films prepared were evaluated for Physical appearance and surface texture, weight uniformity of films, thickness of the films, folding endurance, surface pH, drug content uniformity and in-vitro disintegration time of films all the results were found to be satisfactory. The t50% and t90% values decreased with increase in the concentration of SSG, CCS and CP. The rapid increase in dissolution of Losartan potassium with the increase in CCS. Among all the film formulation FA2 and FA8 (6% CCS HPMC 15 and 50 cps) were found to be promising and showed a disintegration time of 36 and 32 sec, respectively and 50% of drug released in 9.74 and 8.19 min, and 90% of drug released in 18.00 and 17.12 min respectively. Based on the above results it can be concluded that the fast dissolving oral film of Losartan potassium may produce the rapid action thereby enhance the absorption by avoiding the first pass effect.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NATEGLINIDE SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS
Authors: Gowripattapu Sridevi , Latha S. Madhavi
Published: July 2017

The objective of the present investigation was to design suitable sustained release tablet formulation of Nateglinide by using different polymers such as hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K15M, xanthan gum, guar gum as release rate retarding polymers. The tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. Nateglinide is used as anti diabetic drug. The objective of the treatment is to achieve hypoglycemia, by using an ideal dosage regimen. The sustained release formulation provides extend duration of action in therapeutic range without reaching toxic levels as in the case of conventional dosage forms. The real formulation trails are carried from F1 to F9 in which Drug: Polymer ratio was set as 1:9 respectively. The prepared formulations F1 to F9 were evaluated for pre and post compression characteristics, along with the in vitro dissolution Studies. It was found that the release of drug from F1, F2, and F3 gave the better release than other formulations. In these three formulations F2 showing highest release following first order kinetics. From the Higuchi plot good correlation coefficient was observed showing diffusion mechanism. From the peppas plot it was observed that the release model was non fickian anomalous. The release rate was decreased as polymer concentration increased so it shows that increase in diffusion length of polymer decreases the release rate.