bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A single pot organocatalytic diastereoselective synthesis of fluorescent ring fused 2-pyridone decalines via a domino Knoevenagel/Michael/hydro-lactamisation sequence
Authors: Kamble Sumit B. , Bhore Ranjeet K. , Tilve Santosh G.
Published: June 2021

A highly efficient one-pot triple cascade approach is developed to synthesise fluorescent, fused, octahydro-2-pyridone decalines in good to excellent yields using l-proline/PhCOOH as an organocatalyst.
Truxene-based covalent organic polyhedrons constructed through alkyne metathesis
Authors: Yang Xiye , Huang Shaofeng , Ortiz Michael , Wang Xubo , Cao Yunhao , Kareem Oula , Jin Yinghua , Huang Fei , Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2021

Dynamic alkyne metathesis has successfully been employed toward the synthesis of a truxene-based shape-persistent covalent organic polyhedron (COP) with high binding affinity for fullerenes.
Palladium-catalyzed direct reductive cross-coupling of aryltrimethylammonium salts with aryl bromides
Authors: Zhang Chen , Ma Na-Na , Yu Zi-Lun , Shen Chuanji , Zhou Xiaocong , Chu Xue-Qiang , Rao Weidong , Shen Zhi-Liang
Published: June 2021

Palladium-catalyzed direct reductive cross-coupling of aryltrimethylammonium salts with aryl bromides proceeded efficiently in a one-pot manner in the presence of Mg turnings, LiCl, and TMEDA in THF to afford the corresponding biaryl compounds.
Nine sesquiterpenoid dimers with four unprecedented types of carbon skeleton from Chloranthus henryi var. hupehensis
Authors: Zhang Dan-Yang , Wang Xiao-Xia , Wang Ya-Nan , Wang Min , Zhuang Peng-Yu , Jin Yang , Liu Hang
Published: June 2021

Chlorahupetones A–I (1–9), nine sesquiterpenoid dimers, were isolated from Chloranthus henryi var. hupehensis.
Extended enantiopure ortho-phenylene ethylene (o-OPE)-based helical systems as scaffolds for supramolecular architectures: a study of chiroptical response and its connection to the CISS effect
Authors: Ortuño Ana M. , Reiné Pablo , Resa Sandra , Álvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Blanco Victor , Paredes José Manuel , Mota Antonio J. , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Abbate Sergio , Ugalde Jesus M. , Mujica Vladimiro , Longhi Giovanna , Miguel Delia , Cuerva Juan Manuel
Published: June 2021

Versatile enantiopure helical systems are described and are of interest owing to their intense chiroptical responses, their attractive architecture for metallosupramolecular chemistry and CISS effect.
Expanded all-phenylene molecular spoked wheels: cutouts of graphenylene-3
Authors: Sterzenbach Christopher , Keller Tristan J. , Kraus Daniel , Lupton John M. , Jester Stefan-S. , Höger Sigurd
Published: June 2021

All-phenylene molecular spoked wheels, cutouts of graphenylene-3, have been synthesized by intramolecular Yamamoto coupling of the respective dodecabromides.
AuNP array coated substrate for sensitive and homogeneous SERS-immunoassay detection of human immunoglobulin G
Authors: Qu Qi , Wang Jing , Zeng Chuan , Wang Mengfan , Qi Wei , He Zhimin
Published: June 2021

An AuNP array coated substrate was developed for the SERS-immunoassay detection of human immunoglobulin G.
Low-fouling CNT-PEG-hydrogel coated quartz crystal microbalance sensor for saliva glucose detection
Authors: Wang Shiwen , Liu Guanjiang , Yang Bei , Zhang Zifeng , Hu Debo , Wu Chenchen , Qin Yaling , Dou Qian , Dai Qing , Hu Wenping
Published: June 2021

We successfully achieved the direct detection of saliva glucose by a CNT-PEG-hydrogel. The top CNT-PEG layer provides channels for transporting glucose molecules and filters macromolecular impurities and the bottom base PBA-hydrogel film provides the glucose binding sites.
Prospective application of diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-cellulose) with a high adsorption capacity toward the detoxification of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from water
Authors: Kodali Jagadeesh , Arunraj Balasubramanian , Sathvika T. , Krishna Kumar A. Santhana , Nagarathnam Rajesh
Published: June 2021

Dextoxification of 2,4-D was achieved using DEAE-cellulose.
One-step green synthesis of 2D Ag-dendrite-embedded biopolymer hydrogel beads as a catalytic reactor
Authors: Jeong Jae Hwan , Woo Hee-Chul , Kim Mun Ho
Published: June 2021

Alginate hydrogel beads embedded with 2D Ag dendrites were synthesized by simply adding aqueous alginate droplets to an aqueous AgNO3 solution.
Atomic layer deposition of rhodium and palladium thin film using low-concentration ozone
Authors: Zou Yiming , Cheng Chunyu , Guo Yuanyuan , Ong Amanda Jiamin , Goei Ronn , Li Shuzhou , Yoong Tok Alfred Iing
Published: June 2021

Rh and Pd metallic thin films were fabricated by atomic layer deposition using Rh(acac)3 and Pd(hfac)2 precursors, and only low-concentration ozone as co-reactant.
Synergic effects between boron and nitrogen atoms in BN-codoped C59−nBNnfullerenes (n= 1–3) for metal-free reduction of greenhouse N2O gas
Authors: Esrafili Mehdi D. , Khan Adnan Ali , Mousavian Parisasadat
Published: June 2021

The synergic effects between B and N atoms make C57BN2and C56BN3highly active catalysts for reduction of greenhouse N2O gas.
Enzyme immobilization as a strategy towards efficient and sustainable lignocellulosic biomass conversion into chemicals and biofuels: current status and perspectives
Authors: Zanuso Elisa , Gomes Daniel G. , Ruiz Héctor A. , Teixeira José A. , Domingues Lucília
Published: June 2021

Lignocellulosic biomass conversion is contextualized focusing on enzymatic hydrolysis. The benefits and drawbacks of enzyme immobilization related to biomass conversion are delineated and trends in bioreactors using immobilized enzymes are discussed.
Layer by layer assembled functionalized graphene oxide-based polymer brushes for superlubricity on steel–steel tribocontact
Authors: Samanta Suprakash , Sahoo Rashmi R.
Published: June 2021

Tribological behavior of graphene-based polymer brushes (Gr-PB) in lube oil is investigated. Gr-PB reduce COF and the wear of steel–steel tribocontact in variable pressure conditions aided by the formation of robust tribofilm in sliding interface.
Formation of catanionic vesicles by threonine-derived surfactants and gemini surfactants based on conventional or serine-derived headgroups: designing versatile and cytocompatible nanocarriers
Authors: Oliveira Isabel S. , Pereira Cidália , Borges Enrique , do Vale M. Luísa , Gomes Andreia C. , Marques Eduardo F.
Published: June 2021

In this work, we explore the ability of newly synthesized threonine-derived surfactants to form robust, versatile and cytocompatible catanionic vesicles when mixed with gemini surfactants, as potential effective nanocarriers for biomolecules.
Linear viscoelasticity of an acrylate IPN, analysis and micromechanical modeling
Authors: Diani Julie , Strauch-Hausser Éléonore
Published: June 2021

Understanding interpenetrated polymer networks mechanical interactions by micromechanics modeling of their linear viscoelasticity.
Correction: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii swimming in the Plateau borders of 2D foams
Authors: Tainio Oskar , Sohrabi Fereshteh , Janarek Nikodem , Koivisto Juha , Puisto Antti , Viitanen Leevi , Timonen Jaakko V. I. , Alava Mikko
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘Chlamydomonas reinhardtii swimming in the Plateau borders of 2D foams’ by Oskar Tainio et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 145–152, DOI: 10.1039/D0SM01206H.
PtNiFe nanoalloys with co-existence of energy-optimized active surfaces for synergistic catalysis of oxygen reduction and evolution
Authors: Yang Wei , Gong Wenbin , Shi Yanhong , Wang Xiaona , Wang Yulian , Qiao Jian , Zeng Sha , Di Jiangtao , Li Qingwen
Published: June 2021

A Pt partially coated core–shell PtFeNi nanoalloy catalyst is prepared for oxygen reduction and evolution that exhibits a remarkable bifunctional catalytic performance due to the presence of energy-optimized and synergistic catalytic sites on nanoalloys.
Aniline-based hole transporting materials for high-performance organic solar cells with enhanced ambient stability
Authors: Phan Tan Ngoc-Lan , Kim Jinseck , Kim Geon-U , Lee Seungjin , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: June 2021

Our work suggests the design of new hole transport material, a protonic acid-doped oligo(aniline), for achieving both high device efficiency and improved operational stability of organic solar cells.
Enhancing interfacial charge transfer in a WO3/BiVO4 photoanode heterojunction through gallium and tungsten co-doping and a sulfur modified Bi2O3 interfacial layer
Authors: Prasad Umesh , Young James L. , Johnson Justin C. , McGott Deborah L. , Gu Hengfei , Garfunkel Eric , Kannan Arunachala M.
Published: June 2021

Photoanodes containing a WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction have demonstrated promising photoelectrochemical water splitting performance, but the ability to effectively passivate the WO3/BiVO4 interface has limited charge transport and collection.
Sensing and electrocatalytic activity of tungsten disulphide thin films fabricated via metal–organic chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Wree Jan-Lucas , Glauber Jean-Pierre , Öhl Denis , Niesen Alessia , Kostka Aleksander , Rogalla Detlef , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Devi Anjana
Published: June 2021

Metal–organic chemical vapour deposition of high-quality WS2 thin films for gas sensing and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction applications.
Survival from upper gastrointestinal cancer in New Zealand: The effect of distance from a major hospital, socio‐economic status, ethnicity, age and gender
Authors: Gill Andrew J. , Martin Iain G.
Published: June 2021

Background

Upper gastrointestinal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer mortality in New Zealand. Prognosis of these and other cancers is possibly affected by the accessibility of hospitals. Several studies have revealed a reduction in survival that correlates with increasing distance from a major cancer centre. The aim of the present study was to analyse any correlation between survival from upper gastrointestinal cancer and distance from a major centre, socio‐economic status, gender, age and ethnicity.

Methods

Details of all 3351 patients diagnosed with cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver and biliary tract between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 1997 were retrieved from the New Zealand cancer registry. The effect of age, gender, ethnicity, socio‐economic status and distance from a major centre was analysed using univariate and multivariate regression analysis to identify any associations with survival.

Conclusions

Increasing age and Maori descent were the only consistent indicators of poorer survival in this study. The relationship between distance and survival was shown to be complex and in this study deprivation had no effect on the prognosis of upper gastrointestinal cancer.
eROSITA X-ray scan of theηChamaeleontis cluster
Authors: Robrade J. , Czesla S. , Freund S. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Schneider P. C.
Published: June 2021

Context.The nearby young open clusterηChamaeleontis has been observed by eROSITA/SRG during its CalPV phase for 150 ks. The extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array (eROSITA) data were taken in the field-scan mode, an observing mode of Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) that follows a rectangular grid-like pattern, here covering a 5 × 5 deg field with an exposure depth of about 5 ks.

Aims.TheηCha cluster with an age of about 8 Myr is a key target for investigating the evolution of young stars, and we aim to study the known members in X-rays. Additionally, we search for potential new members of the anticipated dispersed low-mass cluster population in a sensitive wide-field X-ray observation.

Methods.Using eROSITA X-ray data, we studied theηCha region. Detected sources were identified by cross-matching X-ray sources withGalaand 2MASS, and young stars were identified by their X-ray activity, the position in the color-magnitude diagram, and by their astrometric and kinematic properties. X-ray-luminosities, light curves, and spectra of cluster members were obtained and compared with previous X-ray data. Literature results of other member searches were used to verify our new member candidates in the observed field.

Results.We determine X-ray properties of virtually all knownηCha members and identify five additional stellar systems that show basically identical characteristics, but they are more dispersed. Four of them were previously proposed as potential members; this status is supported by our X-ray study. Based on their spatial distribution, further members are expected beyond the sky region we surveyed. The identified stellar systems very likely belong to the ejected halo population, which brings the total number ofηCha cluster members to at least 23.

Conclusions.Sensitive X-ray surveys are best suited to identifying active stars, and the combination of the ongoing eROSITA all-sky survey withGalameasurements provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the nearby, young stellar population.
On the uniform controllability for a family of non-viscous and viscous Burgers-α systems
Authors: Araújo Raul K.C. , Fernández-Cara Enrique , Souza Diego A.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we study the global controllability of families of the so called non-viscous and viscous Burgers-α systems by using boundary and space independent distributed controls. In these equations, the usual convective velocity of the Burgers equation is replaced by a regularized velocity, induced by a Helmholtz filter of characteristic wavelength α. First, we prove a global exact controllability result (uniform with respect to α) for the non-viscous Burgers-α system, using the return method and a fixed-point argument. Then, the global uniform exact controllability to constant states is deduced for the viscous equations. To this purpose, we first prove a local exact controllability property and, then, we establish a global approximate controllability result for smooth initial and target states.
Quantum storm in a cold cup
Authors: Barenghi Carlo F. , Skrbek Ladislav
Published: June 2021

Quantum turbulence, which manifests itself via a tangle of quantized vortices, occurs in quantum fluids, whose properties depend on quantum physics rather than classical physics. Here we report on two limiting forms of quantum turbulence which have been identified and how two-dimensional turbulence, until recently a mathematical idealization, has become experimental reality.
Les lymphocytes T CD4+ jouent un rôle majeur dans la réponse immunitaire antitumorale
Authors: Leclair Lucie , Depil Stéphane
Published: June 2021

Cette année encore, dans le cadre d’un partenariat avec médecine/sciences, les étudiants de l’unité d’enseignement « Immunologie, virologie et cancer », dirigée par le Dr Julien Marie, au sein du Master Cancer (Université Lyon 1/VetAgroSup), présentent une analyse d’articles scientifiques récents faisant état d’observations innovantes et importantes. Ce travail de M1 a été encadré par des chercheurs immunologistes et virologistes du Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon. Le master de cancérologie de Lyon est une formation dite d’excellence, qui accueille chaque année 30 à 40 étudiants en M1 et en M2. Ce master assure aux étudiants de M1 une formation à la cancérologie reposant sur un socle de base commun. En M2, les étudiants peuvent choisir l’une des trois spécialités suivantes : « Recherche en cancérologie », « Technologie haut débit en cancérologie » ou « Innovations thérapeutiques en cancérologie ». Créé en 2013, le Master de cancérologie de Lyon repose sur une forte implication des chercheurs et enseignants-chercheurs du laboratoire d’excellence (LabEx DEV2CAN), ainsi que sur un partenariat solide avec des laboratoires académiques situés à Oxford, Bruxelles, Tokyo, Boston, New York, San Diego, etc.
Prevalence and multi-locus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province in northwestern China
Authors: Tang Huan , Ye Yonggang , Kang Runmin , Yu Jifeng , Cao Ye
Published: June 2021

Giardia duodenalis is an important parasite with veterinary and public health significance worldwide. The presence and zoonotic assemblages of G. duodenalis have previously been reported in rabbits. In this study, to understand the infection status of G. duodenalis in rabbits from Shaanxi province, a total of 537 fecal samples were collected from two breeds of rabbits in four age groups (<30 days, 31–90 days, 91–200 days and >200 days) from four geographical origins (Fengxiang, Yangling, Tongchuan, and Shanyang). The presence of G. duodenalis in these samples was assessed using molecular assays based on beta-giardin (bg). The glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) loci were then amplified in the bg-positive samples for multi-locus genotype (MLG) analysis. The total prevalence of G. duodenalis in these rabbits was 3.54% (19/537). Giardia duodenalis infection was found in both breeds of rabbits, and in all farms and age groups, but with no statistically significant differences related to these factors (p > 0.05). Two assemblages, including B and E, were identified, with the former the predominant assemblage detected in both breeds, and in all age groups and farms. Sequence analysis revealed 2 (named as rbg1-2), 1 (named as rtpi1), and 2 (named as rgdh1-2) haplotypes at the gene loci of bg, tpi, and gdh, respectively, forming a multilocus genotype (MLG) of assemblage B (rbg1, rtpi1, and rgdh1). These findings reveal the significant zoonotic potential and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis in rabbits in Shaanxi Province, PR China.
Dépasser la limite de diffraction en microscopie de fluorescence
Authors: Jouchet Pierre , Illand Abigail , Dupuis Guillaume , Fort Emmanuel , Lévêque-Fort Sandrine
Published: June 2021

La microscopie de fluorescence est un outil de référence dans l’étude des systèmes biologiques, alliant la spécificité offerte par la fluorescence et la possibilité d’un suivi non invasif en milieu vivant. Cependant comme l’ensemble des techniques de microscopie, elle est soumise au phénomène de diffraction introduit par l’objectif, qui limite la résolution de l’instrument. Ce texte présente les différentes méthodes permettant de dépasser cette contrainte en associant développement instrumental en optique et contrôle de la photophysique des fluorophores afin de révéler l’organisation cellulaire à l’échelle nanométrique.
A novel fuzzy non-radial data envelopment analysis: An application in transportation
Authors: Mahla Deepak , Agarwal Shivi , Mathur Trilok
Published: June 2021

The slack-based measure (SBM) DEA model is a non-radial model used to calculate the relative efficiency, input, and output targets of the different decision-making units (DMUs) based on their best peers or efficient frontier. The conventional SBM DEA model used crisp inputs and outputs. But, it can be observed in real-life problems that sometimes the available data is in linguistic forms such as “few”, “many”, “small”, or missing data. The DEA technique is frontier based, and therefore, imprecise data may lead to untenable results. Fuzzy theory, which is already established to handle uncertain data, can overcome this problem. Furthermore, the sensitivity and stability analysis have been checked the robustness of fuzzy DEA models. In this study, sensitivity and stability analysis of the fuzzy SBM DEA has been performed. The lower and upper sensitive bounds for inputs and outputs variables have been obtained for both the inefficient and efficient DMUs to calculate the input and output targets. Finally, a real-life transportation problem for the validity of the study is presented for its depiction.
Surgical Site Infection after Cesarean Delivery in Times of COVID-19
Authors: Antonello Vicente Sperb , Dallé Jessica , Antonello Ivan Carlos Ferreira , Benzano Daniela , Ramos Mauro Cunha
Published: June 2021

Objective To analyze effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of personal protective equipment and products (PPEP), as well as the frequency of surgical site infection (SSI) among non-COVID-19 patients submitted to cesarean sections.

Methods A retrospective study was conducted in a maternity unity of a public teaching hospital which was not part of the reference service for COVID-19 treatment. It compared PPEP consumption and the occurrence of SSI after cesarean sections in monthly periods before and after the occurrence of the first case of COVID-19 in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Personal protective equipment and products consumption was measured as units of masks, gloves, gowns, and caps, and use of alcohol-based products or soap for hand sanitation as ml/patient/day. The SSI index was calculated as the proportion of cases of SSI over the number of cesarean sections performed monthly during the study period.

Results There was an increase in all measured items of PPEP, with consumption of disposable masks with a median of 1,450 units in the pre-COVID period, and of 2550 in the post-COVID period (a 75.9% increase). A decrease of 49% in SSI was detected, with a median of 1.74 in the pre-COVID period and of 0.89 in the post-COVID period.

Conclusion The increase in consumption of PPEP could be a result of safer practices adopted by healthcare workers with the advent of COVID-19, of which the following reduction in the occurrence of SSI could be a direct consequence. Despite the severity of the crisis, one could state that extreme situations can lead to valuable reflections and opportunities for improvement.
Clinical Features and Maternal-fetal Results of Pregnant Women in COVID-19 Times
Authors: Godoi Ana Paula Nogueira , Bernardes Gilcelia Correia Santos , Nogueira Leilismara Sousa , Alpoim Patrícia Nessralla , Pinheiro Melina de Barros
Published: June 2021

Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which usually leads to non-specific respiratory symptoms. Although pregnant women are considered at risk for respiratory infections by other viruses, such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), little is known about their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aims to identify and present the main studies on the topic, including the postpartum period.

Methods In this narrative review, articles were searched in various databases, organizations, and health entities using keywords compatible with medical subject headings (MeSH), such as: COVID-19, pregnancy, vertical transmission, coronavirus 2019, and SARS-CoV-2.

Results The review of the scientific literature on the subject revealed that pregnant women with COVID-19 did not present clinical manifestations significantly different from those of non-pregnant women; however, there are contraindicated therapies. Regarding fetuses, studies were identified that reported that infection by SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women can cause fetal distress, breathing difficulties and premature birth, but there is no substantial evidence of vertical transmission.

Conclusion Due to the lack of adequate information and the limitations of the analyzed studies, it is necessary to provide detailed clinical data on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and on the maternal-fetal repercussions caused by this infection. Thus, this review may contribute to expand the knowledge of professionals working in the area as well as to guide more advanced studies on the risk related to pregnant women and their newborns. Meanwhile, monitoring of confirmed or suspected pregnant women with COVID-19 is essential, including in the postpartum period.
Placental Sampling for Understanding Viral Infections — A Simplified Protocol for the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nobrega Guilherme de Moraes , Guida José Paulo Siqueira , Japecanga Rodolfo Rosa , Antolini-Tavares Arthur , Mysorekar Indira , Costa Maria Laura
Published: June 2021

Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic viral disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The impact of the disease among the obstetric population remains unclear, and the study of the placenta can provide valuable information. Adequate sampling of the placental tissue can help characterize the pathways of viral infections.

Methods A protocol of placental sampling is proposed, aiming at guaranteeing representativity of the placenta and describing the adequate conservation of samples and their integrity for future analysis. The protocol is presented in its complete and simplified versions, allowing its implementation in different complexity settings.

Results Sampling with the minimum possible interval from childbirth is the key for adequate sampling and storage. This protocol has already been implemented during the Zika virus outbreak.

Conclusion A protocol for adequate sampling and storage of placental tissue is fundamental for adequate evaluation of viral infections on the placenta. During the COVID-19 pandemic, implementation of this protocol may help to elucidate critical aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Gynecological/Obstetric Background and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-sectional Study in Brazilian Patients
Authors: Cavalcante Anauá Fernanda dos Santos , Martin Patrícia , Skare Thelma Larocca
Published: June 2021

Objective To study a sample of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients for their gynecological/obstetric history and compare them to controls to determine their influences on number of pregnancies, menarche, menopause and reproductive years following RA onset.

Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 122 RA patients and 126 controls. Patients and controls were questioned about age of menarche, age of menopause, number of pregnancies and abortions. Reproductive years were calculated as the difference between age at menopause and age at menarche. For comparison, we used the Mann-Whitney, unpaired t, chi-squared, and Spearman tests. The adopted significance was 5%.

Results In the RA patients with disease beginning in the postmenopausal years, the period of reproductive years (age at menopause – age of menarche) showed a positive correlation with age at disease onset (rho = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20–0.55 with p = 0.0008). The number of pregnancies was higher in patients with postmenopausal disease onset when compared with those with premenopausal disease onset (median of 3 with interquartile range [IQR] = 2–4 versus median of 2 with IQR = 1–3; p = 0.009), and RA patients had more pregnancies than controls (p = 0.0002).

Conclusion The present study shows that, in our population, the duration of reproductive years and the number of pregnancies are linked to the onset of RA.
The Female Athlete Triad/Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S)
Authors: Coelho Alexandra Ruivo , Cardoso Gonçalo , Brito Marta Espanhol , Gomes Inês Neves , Cascais Maria João
Published: June 2021

In a healthy athlete, the caloric intake is sufficient for sports energy needs and body physiological functions, allowing a balance between energy availability, bone metabolism, and menstrual cycle. On the other hand, an imbalance caused by low energy availability due to a restrictive diet, eating disorders or long periods of energy expenditure leads to multisystemic deregulation favoring the essential functions of the body. This phenomenon, described as the female athlete triad, occurs in a considerable percentage of high-performance athletes, with harmful consequences for their future. The present review was carried out based on a critical analysis of the most recent publications available and aims to provide a global perception of the topic relative energy deficit in sport (RED-S). The objective is to promote the acquisition of more consolidated knowledge on an undervalued theme, enabling the acquisition of preventive strategies, early diagnosis and/or appropriate treatment.
Interventions among Pregnant Women in the Field of Music Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shimada Bruna Mayumi Omori , Santos Magda da Silva Oliveira Menezes dos , Cabral Mayara Alvares , Silva Vanessa Oliveira , Vagetti Gislaine Cristina
Published: June 2021

Objective To investigate in the literature the studies on the benefits of music therapy interventions among pregnant women in the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods.

Data Sources The search for articles was carried out in the following electronic databases: VHL, LILACS, SciELO, Portal CAPES, PsycINFO, ERIC, PubMed/Medline, and journals specialized in this field: Revista Brasileira de Musicoterapia (“Brazilian Journal of Music Therapy”) and Voices.

Study Selection Descriptors in Portuguese (musicoterapia, gravidez, gestantes, revisão), English (music therapy, pregnancy, pregnant women, review) and Spanish (musicoterapia, embarazo, mujeres embarazadas, revisión) were used. The search was delimited between January 2009 and June 2019. The process of selection and evaluation of the articles was performed through peer review.

Data Collection The following data were extracted: article title, year of publication, journal, author(s), database, country and date of collection, purpose of the study, sample size, type of care, intervention, instruments used, results, and conclusion. The data were organized in chronological order based on the year of publication of the study.

Summary of the Data In total, 146 articles were identified, and only 23 studies were included in this systematic review. The articles found indicate among their results relaxation, decreased levels of anxiety, psychosocial stress and depression, decreased pain, increase in the maternal bond, improvement in the quality of sleep, control of the fetal heart rate and maternal blood pressure, and decreased intake of drugs in the postoperative period.

Conclusion Music therapy during the prenatal, delivery and postpartum periods can provide benefits to pregnant women and newborns, thus justifying its importance in this field.
In search of relevance: European political scientists and the public sphere in critical times
Authors: Real-Dato José , Verzichelli Luca
Published: June 2021

Social relevance has become a key element to assess the social legitimacy of an academic discipline. This contrasts with a widespread sentiment among political scientists about the existence of a relevance gap. The context of multiple crises Europe has experienced since the late 2000s has provided political scientists with a multitude of opportunities to demonstrate the social relevance of their work and the usefulness of the discipline. This introductory article to the special issue aims to offer an explorative framework and a preliminary discussion of empirical examples to assess the phenomenon of political scientists’ relevance in the public sphere during recent turbulent times. The framework (which emphasises three basic dimensions of social relevance – partisanship, visibility, and impact) is used to interpret the main results of the five case studies included in the special issue. Results show that contextual factors (salience of the issue, political and media contexts) influence political scientists’ engagement in the public sphere, the role they adopt and their visibility. The article ends emphasising the importance of collective action within the discipline as an instrument to enhance its social relevance.
A comprehensive approach to assessing the future persistence of the endangered rainforest tree,
Authors: Hayward Glenn , Nock Catherine , Shimizu Yoko , Shapcott Alison
Published: June 2021

The Endangered Macadamia jansenii (C.L. Gross & P.H. Western, 1992) was known only from one small populationand a reintroduction program was implemented from 2009 to increase the number of populations. Recently, new subpopulations were discovered. However, in 2019, fire directly affected M. jansenii and the surrounding habitat. This study aimed to examine the abundance and distribution of M. jansenii in the wild pre- and post-fire, as well as to assess the success of the reintroduction program and species population viability. We undertook genetic analysis, population viability analysis (PVA) and updated the existing habitat models. The known wild M. jansenii population increased in abundance from 59 in a single population to 200 individuals (including seedlings), across three subpopulations. Results from the post-fire survey suggest that 83% of the wild plants have survived, with many plants resprouting. The newly discovered subpopulations were within predicted suitable habitat in the Bulburin National Park. These subpopulations are genetically similar to the original known population. Novel alleles suggest the potential for more plants to be located. The reintroduction program successfully established 20 individuals. PVA results indicate that even with the effects of fire, the species is unlikely to become extinct in the next 150 years.
New morphological and molecular data reveal an important underestimation of species diversity and indicate evolutionary patterns in European
Authors: Mateos Eduardo , Winkler Daniel , Riutort Marta , Álvarez-Presas Marta
Published: June 2021

The correct identification of morphological species is a key task for species richness estimation of any ecosystem. Although body colour is a widely used character identifying European Lepidocyrtus species, recent investigations using molecular data have revealed that species delineation using body colour can result in an underestimation of real species diversity because of the presence of cryptic species. Lepidocyrtus violaceus is a European species characterised by its dark violet body colour. Its wide distribution leads us to suspect that several cryptic species can be present within this morphospecies. Since traditional morphological characters have appeared insufficient for real diversity identification in Lepidocyrtus, new morphological characters were needed in order to describe the cryptic diversity detected by molecular data in this genus. Pseudopores are integumentary structures present in all Lepidocyrtus species, but the distribution of these structures has not been properly described in the genus, as well as in Entomobryioidea overall. In the present work we aimed to analyse whether L. violaceus is a monophyletic entity in Europe. Moreover, we aimed to determine if the position and number of pseudopores on the different parts of the body and appendages is a phylogenetically useful character in the identification of the species or superspecific entities. Fourteen populations of L. violaceus from five European countries, and another 25 Lepidocyrtus species from nine European countries have been studied. In total, 208 specimens have been analysed morphologically and half of them were studied molecularly using sequences of the genes COXII and EF-1α. Molecular data revealed that the widely distributed Lepidocyrtus violaceus morphospecies is a polyphyletic entity in Europe. Between 6 and 12 diferent cryptic species have been detected within this European morphospecies, and only the presence of pseudopores on the basal plate of the fourth abdominal segment has been found to be a promising diagnostic character between them. A common basal pattern of pseudopore distribution has been recognised in the European members of the genus, and also a diferential pattern within each European species group. As a general trend, an increase in the number of pseudopores has been detected from the most basal to the most derived species groups in the phylogeny of the genus in Europe.
Walrasian equilibrium behavior in nature
Authors: Loch-Temzelides Ted
Published: June 2021

Significance

Mutualisms are commonly observed ecological interactions, often involving the exchange of resources across species. Such exchanges can be thought of as biological markets. Biologists modeling these markets often employ an informal mix of economics and game-theoretic concepts. A fundamental question is whether exchange in biological markets is consistent with general economic equilibrium theory (GET), the main paradigm used to study exchange in economics. This paper uses data from biological experiments to demonstrate that the trading behavior of mycorrhizal fungi is consistent with the predictions of GET. The large volume of knowledge in GET might result in new insights about biological exchange. In turn, experimental findings in biology can lead to a new field of application for GET.
Dysregulated copper transport in multiple sclerosis may cause demyelination via astrocytes
Authors: Colombo Emanuela , Triolo Daniela , Bassani Claudia , Bedogni Francesco , Di Dario Marco , Dina Giorgia , Fredrickx Evelien , Fermo Isabella , Martinelli Vittorio , Newcombe Jia , Taveggia Carla , Quattrini Angelo , Comi Giancarlo , Farina Cinthia
Published: June 2021

Significance

This study describes an astrocyte-dependent mechanism contributing to CNS demyelination. The key molecular and functional checkpoint is the neurotrophin receptor TrkB, whose ligands are absent in chronic demyelinated MS lesions. Here, we show that TrkB can be transactivated by inflammatory and toxic signals and is critical for the generation of glial calcium flux and the up-regulation of the copper transporter CTR1. This process enhances copper distribution by the astrocyte, thereby fostering myelin and oligodendrocyte loss.
IgA potentiates NETosis in response to viral infection
Authors: Stacey Hannah D. , Golubeva Diana , Posca Alyssa , Ang Jann C. , Novakowski Kyle E. , Zahoor Muhammad Atif , Kaushic Charu , Cairns Ewa , Bowdish Dawn M. E. , Mullarkey Caitlin E. , Miller Matthew S.
Published: June 2021

Significance

IgA antibodies are enriched at mucosal surfaces and play an important role in host defense against viral pathogens. In addition to neutralizing viruses directly, antibodies can also engage specific receptors (Fc receptors) expressed on various immune-cell subsets to stimulate antimicrobial activities. While IgG Fc-mediated effector functions are known to mediate important antiviral activities, if and how IgA-mediated Fc-effector functions influence viral infections remains poorly understood. Here, we show that IgA–virus immune complexes stimulate neutrophils to undergo NETosis, a specific type of programmed cell death that results in release of chromatin studded with antimicrobial effector proteins. These neutrophil extracellular traps trap and inactivate viruses but can also have pathogenic consequences when poorly regulated.
Antigenic waves of virus–immune coevolution
Authors: Marchi Jacopo , Lässig Michael , Walczak Aleksandra M. , Mora Thierry
Published: June 2021

Significance

Viruses, such as influenza, evolve under the selection of host immune systems. Previously infected individuals become immune, forcing the virus to find susceptible hosts or mutate, chasing it away in antigenic space. We formulate this viral escape process in terms of a low-dimensional wave moving in antigenic space. The dimensionality of the antigenic space impacts the persistence, as well as stability, of viral evolution. We uncover a characteristic timescale for the persistence of the viral strain, which is an order of magnitude longer than individual host immunity and emerges collectively from the pressure of the chasing immune systems. These results offer intuition about the antigenic turnover of viruses and highlight the importance of the effective dimensionality of coevolution.
Metastability phenomena in two-dimensional rectangular lattices with nearest-neighbour interaction
Authors: Gallone M , Pasquali S
Published: June 2021

We study analytically the dynamics of two-dimensional rectangular lattices with periodic boundary conditions. We consider anisotropic initial data supported on one low-frequency Fourier mode. We show that, in the continuous approximation, the resonant normal form of the system is given by integrable PDEs. We exploit the normal form in order to prove the existence of metastability phenomena for the lattices. More precisely, we show that the energy spectrum of the normal modes attains a distribution in which the energy is shared among a packet of low-frequencies modes; such distribution remains unchanged up to the time-scale of validity of the continuous approximation.
Coupled activity-current fluctuations in open quantum systems under strong symmetries
Authors: Manzano D , Martínez-García M A , Hurtado P I
Published: June 2021

Strong symmetries in open quantum systems lead to broken ergodicity and the emergence of multiple degenerate steady states. From a quantum jump (trajectory) perspective, the appearance of multiple steady states is related to underlying dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) at the fluctuating level, leading to a dynamical coexistence of different transport channels classified by symmetry. In this paper we investigate how strong symmetries affect both the transport properties and the activity patterns of a particular class of Markovian open quantum system, a three-qubit model under the action of a magnetic field and in contact with a thermal bath. We find a pair of twin DPTs in exciton current statistics, induced by the strong symmetry and related by time reversibility, where a zero-current exchange-antisymmetric phase coexists with a symmetric phase of negative exciton current. On the other hand, the activity statistics exhibits a single DPT where the symmetric and antisymmetric phases of different but nonzero activities dynamically coexists. Interestingly, the maximum current and maximum activity phases do not coincide for this three-qubits system. We also investigate how symmetries are reflected in the joint large deviation statistics of the activity and the current, a central issue in the characterization of the complex quantum jump dynamics. The presence of a strong symmetry under nonequilibrium conditions implies non-analyticities in the dynamical free energy in the dual activity-current plane (or equivalently in the joint activity-current large deviation function), including an activity-driven current lockdown phase for activities below some critical threshold. Remarkably, the DPT predicted around the steady state and its Gallavotti–Cohen twin dual are extended into lines of first-order DPTs in the current-activity plane, with a nontrivial structure which depends on the transport and activity properties of each of the symmetry phases. Finally, we also study the effect of a symmetry-breaking, ergodicity-restoring dephasing channel on the coupled activity-current statistics for this model. Interestingly, we observe that while this dephasing noise destroys the symmetry-induced DPTs, the underlying topological symmetry leaves a dynamical fingerprint in the form of an intermittent, bursty on/off dynamics between the different symmetry sectors.
Supernova neutrino fluxes in HALO-1kT,
Super-Kamiokande, and JUNO
Authors: Gallo Rosso A.
Published: June 2021

When the next galactic core-collapse supernova
occurs, we must be ready to obtain as much
information as possible. Although many present and
future detectors are well equipped to detect
νe and νx neutrinos, the detection of the
νe species presents the biggest challenges. We
assess the impact that a 1 ktonne
lead-based detector, such as HALO-1kT, can have in
constraining electron neutrino time-integrated
fluxes. The study involves the detector taken alone
as well as when combined with massive
νe-sensitive detectors such as Super-Kamiokande
and JUNO. We find that HALO-1kT alone is not
able to strongly constrain the emission parameters.
When combined with other detectors, however, the
orthogonal information might be helpful in
improving the νe total emitted energy and mean
energy accuracy, up to about 50%, if no other
νe-sensitive channel is implemented. A
discussion on the reconstruction of νe and
νx species, as well as the total emitted
energy, is also presented.
Viewing the noise propagation mechanism in a unidirectional transition cascade from the perspective of stability*
Authors: Pei Qi-Ming , Zhou Bin-Qian , Zhou Yi-Fan , Omotomide Apata Charles , Jiang Long
Published: June 2021

Noise and noise propagation are inevitable and play a constructive role in various biological processes. The stability of cell homeostasis is also a critical issue. In the unidirectional transition cascade of colon cells, stem cells (SCs) are the source. They differentiate into transit-amplifying cells (TACs), and TACs differentiate into fully differentiated cells (FDCs). Two differentiation processes are irreversible. The stability factor is introduced so that the noise propagation mechanism from the perspective of stability is studied according to the noise propagation formulas. It is found that the value of the stability factor corresponding to the minimum noise in FDCs may be the best choice to enable colon cells to maintain high stability and low noise of the cascade. Moreover, for the source cell, the total noise only includes intrinsic noise; for the downstream cell with self-proliferation capability, the total noise mainly depends on its intrinsic noise and transmitted noise from upstream cells, and its intrinsic noise is dominant. For the downstream cell without self-proliferation capability, the total noise is mainly determined by transmitted noises from upstream cells, and there is a minimum value. This work provides a new approach for studying the mechanism of noise propagation while considering the stability of cell homeostasis in biological systems.
Using agent-based simulation to assess disease prevention measures during pandemics*
Authors: Tong Yunhe , King Christopher , Hu Yanghui
Published: June 2021

Despite the growing interest in macroscopic epidemiological models to deal with threats posed by pandemics such as COVID-19, little has been done regarding the assessment of disease spread in day-to-day life, especially within buildings such as supermarkets where people must obtain necessities at the risk of exposure to disease. Here, we propose an integrated customer shopping simulator including both shopper movement and choice behavior, using a force-based and discrete choice model, respectively. By a simple extension to the force-based model, we implement the following preventive measures currently taken by supermarkets; social distancing and one-way systems, and different customer habits, assessing them based on the average individual disease exposure and the time taken to complete shopping (shopping efficiency). Results show that maintaining social distance is an effective way to reduce exposure, but at the cost of shopping efficiency. We find that the one-way system is the optimal strategy for reducing exposure while minimizing the impact on shopping efficiency. Customers should also visit supermarkets less frequently, but buy more when they do, if they wish to minimize their exposure. We hope that this work demonstrates the potential of pedestrian dynamics simulations in assessing preventative measures during pandemics, particularly if it is validated using empirical data.
Near-optimal control of a stochastic rumor spreading model with Holling II functional response function and imprecise parameters*
Authors: Huo Liang’an , Chen Xiaomin
Published: June 2021

In recent years, rumor spreading has caused widespread public panic and affected the whole social harmony and stability. Consequently, how to control the rumor spreading effectively and reduce its negative influence urgently needs people to pay much attention. In this paper, we mainly study the near-optimal control of a stochastic rumor spreading model with Holling II functional response function and imprecise parameters. Firstly, the science knowledge propagation and the refutation mechanism as the control strategies are introduced into a stochastic rumor spreading model. Then, some sufficient and necessary conditions for the near-optimal control of the stochastic rumor spreading model are discussed respectively. Finally, through some numerical simulations, the validity and availability of theoretical analysis is verified. Meanwhile, it shows the significance and effectiveness of the proposed control strategies on controlling rumor spreading, and demonstrates the influence of stochastic disturbance and imprecise parameters on the process of rumor spreading.