bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government plans in the 2016 and 2021 Peruvian presidential elections: A natural language processing analysis of the health chapters
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Castillo-Cara Manuel , Lovón-Melgarejo Jesús
Published: October 2022

Background: While clinical medicine has exploded, electronic health records for Natural Language Processing (NLP) analyses, public health, and health policy research have not yet adopted these algorithms. We aimed to dissect the health chapters of the government plans of the 2016 and 2021 Peruvian presidential elections, and to compare different NLP algorithms.

Methods: From the government plans (18 in 2016; 19 in 2021) we extracted each sentence from the health chapters. We used five NLP algorithms to extract keywords and phrases from each plan: Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), TextRank, Keywords Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (KeyBERT), and Rapid Automatic Keywords Extraction (Rake).

Results: In 2016 we analysed 630 sentences, whereas in 2021 there were 1,685 sentences. The TF-IDF algorithm showed that in 2016, 26 terms appeared with a frequency of 0.08 or greater, while in 2021 27 terms met this criterion. The LDA algorithm defined two groups. The first included terms related to things the population would receive (e.g., ’insurance’), while the second included terms about the health system (e.g., ’capacity’). In 2021, most of the government plans belonged to the second group. The TextRank analysis provided keywords showing that ’universal health coverage’ appeared frequently in 2016, while in 2021 keywords about the COVID-19 pandemic were often found. The KeyBERT algorithm provided keywords based on the context of the text. These keywords identified some underlying characteristics of the political party (e.g., political spectrum such as left-wing). The Rake algorithm delivered phrases, in which we found ’universal health coverage’ in 2016 and 2021.

Conclusion: The NLP analysis could be used to inform on the underlying priorities in each government plan. NLP analysis could also be included in research of health policies and politics during general elections and provide informative summaries for the general population.
Data note for linking the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) with the Public Health England (PHE) COVID-19 dataset
Authors: Mummé Mark , Boyd Andrew , Macleod John
Published: October 2022

This data note describes the test results for infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) of the index participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents And Children birth cohort study (ALSPAC, also known as the Children of the 90s). The records were collated, processed, record-linked and then extracted by Public Health England (PHE) to ALSPAC. ALSPAC provided PHE with the NHS numbers of 12,774 of the index cohort ‘children’, who were aged between 27 and 30 years during this period, and 1,033 of the index children’s ‘parents’ (only data on a small subset of the mothers was permissible for this dataset during this period). PHE conducted the linkage using deterministic methods and returned periodic data extracts of all the COVID-19 test results they could match to those participants. ALSPAC obtained both the positive and negative COVID-19 test results from PHE from the time when testing was first available in February 2020 until late August 2021, just before PHE was dissolved. ALSPAC is uniquely placed to provide a longitudinal dataset of the health, education and other factors on the cohort participants before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This provides the opportunity to place context to the COVID-19 test data provided by PHE (the timings, patterns, and results). The result is to provide a resource for current and future research into the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ecosystem of universities: transformation of the Russian education system
Authors: Prokof'ev Stanislav , Kameneva Ekaterina , Solyannikova Svetlana , Didenko Elena , Ruchkina Gul'nara , Sergeeva Natal'ya , Abramova Marina , Besedkina Natal'ya , Dubova Svetlana , Krinichanskiy Konstantin , Slavin Boris , Aleksandrova Lyudmila , Galushko Dmitriy , Kerimova Chinara , Prihod'ko Liliya , Solovova Nadezhda , Gavrilov Sergey , Epishina Svetlana , Lukichev Andrey , Uzyumova Natal'ya , Etuev Hazhmuhamed , Pavlyukevich Kristina , Myagkova Anna
Published: October 2022

The relevance of the monograph is determined by changes in the surrounding reality, the development of the digital economy, which actively influences the formation and development of ecosystems of business, banking, public services, etc.; the need to determine the main trends in the development of the modern ecosystem of universities for the formation of in-demand graduates able to work in the special conditions of modern development of Russia, which determines the formation of a new educational environment, based on the challenges facing our country. All this will contribute to a deeper and more comprehensive study of the structure of the university ecosystem, understanding its features due to the realities of the digital space.
An overview of the features of the factors affecting the field of education, including the ecosystems already existing today in various spheres of the Russian economy, is presented. Proposals are made for the formation of a competence-based approach in the university environment in modern conditions. The main elements of the university ecosystem as a new model of the educational environment are considered. Special attention is paid to the development of the university ecosystem of personnel partnership and continuing education. The author's approaches to assessing the quality of education are proposed. The legislation is given as of July 1 , 2022 .
It may be of interest to heads of the education system, teachers of higher educational institutions, teachers, employees of organizations of additional professional education, graduate students, undergraduates and students of pedagogical and psychological educational institutions.
Perypatetycy, spagirycy i boyleaniści (Zbigniew Pietrzak, Roberta Boyle’a teoria nauk empirycznych (Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2021), ss. 256)
Authors: Grzeliński Adam
Published: October 2022

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EFFECT OF SHEAR-TENSION COUPLING ON THE DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF WOVEN FABRICS
Authors: EMANI CHANDRA KISHORE REDDY , MAL P. K.
Published: October 2022

In this study, the deformation characteristics of plain-woven fabrics under shear and tensile stresses are studied numerically using a biaxial bias-extension test with a square fabric specimen and a cruciform fabric specimen. The fabric orientation is ±45o with respect to the loading directions. For both specimens, the tensile force FT in the vertical direction of the specimen is increased at a constant rate while maintaining a constant tensile force FC in the transverse direction. Both the shear angle in the central zone of pure shear and the shear stiffness of the fabric depends on the transverse tensile force. Numerical simulations are performed with different transverse forces and the shear strain in the central zone of the specimen is determined. The deformation patterns of the fabric under biaxial tensile loading are mapped. Various ratios of load application area to specimen size and different fabric sizes are considered with the goal of designing the test conditions that produce consistent deformation patterns.
THE ROLE OF SEMI-CURING IN LIQUID COMPOSITE MOULDING
Authors: O’LEARY MICHAEL , KRATZ JAMES , MCMAHON TURLOUGH
Published: October 2022

This study investigates how Semi-Cured interfaces form and preform in Liquid Composite Moulding processes in order to support the drive towards low cost and high rate manufacture of complex composites. A two-step program was devised. Firstly, the effect on neat resin toughness properties arising from additional thermal cycling needed for Semi-Curing was explored. This confirmed that the Semi-Curing process had little effect on plane-strain fracture toughness values. Secondly, Semi-Cured laminates with elements initially cured to varying degrees of cure were manufactured and tested in Mode I and Mode II. The results of these tests indicated interfacial properties are fully retained in Mode II and a reduction in Mode I is seen after the resin enters the post-gel stage. These initial results demonstrate the usefulness of Semi-Curing to integrate preforms up until the gel point of the material.
MECHANICAL AND DIELECTRIC MODELING OF ADHESIVE BONDED FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE SINGLE LAP JOINTS
Authors: RAHMAN MINHAZUR , VADLAMUDI VAMSEE , RAIHAN RASSEL
Published: October 2022

Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have long since been dominating the structural materials industry due to its superior specific strength and its ability to be designed for desirable mechanical and electrical properties. Using this formidable class of materials as structural components lead to the need of joining and bonding them. Adhesive bonding of composite materials are preferred over conventional mechanical fasteners, rivets, welding etc. as these tend to weaken the structure by introducing additional sources of stress concentrations. However, the complexity from the anisotropy of FRPs and the added convolution of anisotropic (composite adherend) and isotropic (adhesive) interfaces poses significant challenge to properly evaluate and model the adhesive bonded joints of composites. Significant experimental investigations have revealed correlations of material state degradation with the dielectric state variable defined as Dielectric Relaxation Strength (DRS). Due to the lack of appropriately defined physics in commercial simulation software packages, modeling such behaviors were challenging. In this paper a phenomenological modeling approach is taken to simulate the evolution of dielectric properties with the degradation of materials state. Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BbDS) tests were carried out while applying tension on the specimen. The experiment allowed for an in-situ measurement of dielectric property evolution with material state degradation. The experimental data obtained were used to formulate equations relating material’s mechanical properties with dielectric variables such as real and imaginary permittivity. These equations were inserted into the material model as constitutive equations and the evolution of dielectric properties with material degradation were simulated using an 1D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model.
EVALUATIONS OF SHELL AND SOLID FORMULATIONS FOR PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE AND IMPACT ANALYSIS METHODS IN LOW VELOCITY IMPACT APPLICATIONS
Authors: MOLITOR MATTHEW , CARPENTER BRIAN , HENSON LANDON , RANATUNGA VIPUL
Published: October 2022

Progressive Damage and Failure Analysis (PDFA) has been shown to effectively predict damage initiation and propagation of composite materials at the lamina length scale when subjected to various forms of structural loading. The MAT299 composite damage model was developed by Boeing and LST/ANSYS and implemented as a native capability within the LS-DYNA explicit FEA suite under the Impact Damage Analysis Tools for Composite Structures (IDAT) program through the Air Force Research Laboratory in 2020. The material model was thoroughly verified and validated for low velocity impact events under the IDAT program using high fidelity ply-by-ply models. This work addresses the scalability of the MAT299 material model by investigating the effectiveness of thick shell elements implemented in an equivalent single layer scheme for low velocity impact of composite structures. Demonstrating the predictive capability of MAT299 with the thick shell implementation is a significant step toward applying PDFA methods at structurally relevant length scales.
DISCRETE, MESO-SCALE MODELING OF FIBER- REINFORCED COMPOSITES (DM4C): APPLICATION TO ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF CONTINUOUS FIBER COMPOSITES
Authors: PHENISEE SEAN E. , DELEO ANTONIO A. , PELESSONE DANIELE , FLORES MARK , SALVIATO MARCO
Published: October 2022

This study presents the application of a novel, discrete modeling framework for composite materials made via 3-D printing of continuous fibers. Fiber tows are explicitly modeled as Timoshenko beam elements, and the matrix is represented via tetrahedral elements derived from the set of beam nodes. The constitutive law of the matrix is defined at facets which are generated from the tessellation process in the mesh. Vectoral representation of stress and strain on facets provides clear and physics-based material descriptions. A computationally efficient, robust, and highly parallelized scheme is provided to generate the 3-D printed composite parts, which can attain the fiber volume fractions higher than 60 %. The calibration result of the model applied to the 3-D printing composite materials is presented, which demonstrates the capability of the model in capturing the main damage mechanisms of 3D printed composites.
INTERLAMINAR SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF UHMWPE TENSYLON® COMPOSITES IN QUASI-STATIC MODE II LOADING
Authors: THOMAS FRANK DAVID , RAJAN SREEHARI , SUTTON MICHAEL A. , ALEXANDER STEPHEN L. , WEERASOORIYA TUSIT , SOCKALINGAM SUBRAMANI
Published: October 2022

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) film composite materials such as Tensylon® HSBD30A are useful for ballistic applications, but quantification of their interlaminar shear behavior is necessary to inform design considerations. This study investigates a double lap shear specimen to determine mode II interlaminar shear properties. Average shear stresses calculated from measured loads and relative displacements calculated from full-field displacement data obtained via digital image correlation are used to produce an approximate traction-separation law. For a representative specimen, interfacial shear strength is calculated to be 3.18 MPa, mode II critical energy release rate is 465 J/m2, and interfacial stiffness is 36.8 MPa/mm. The double lap shear specimen is found to be appropriate for approximating these values, but the potential for complex loading states caused by non-simultaneous crack growth necessitates further investigation into alternative specimen configurations.
NOVEL ENCLOSED DELAMINATION INJECTION REPAIR PROCESS FOR STRENGTH RESTORATION
Authors: MASSEY JUSTIN , ROMASKO BARRETT , KIM HYONNY
Published: October 2022

Delaminations are a common damage mechanism that occurs on composite structures due to in-service impacts. Enclosed damages less than 50 mm in diameter are of particular interest for repair. Current practices for repair of delaminations include: cut out of the damage and applying a patch or doubler to the cutout site, or injection using a repair resin. The use of a bonded doubler repair is more invasive and requires a cutout that acts as a stress concentration in the area of the repair. Injection repairs have traditionally been a faster, less expensive way to repair composite delaminations. However, the aerospace industry has not accepted injection repair as a strength restorative process. Questions about quantifying delamination internal contamination and ensuring percentage of repair resin fill within a delamination have been primary reasons why injection repairs have not been credited with strength restoration. Development of a new quantitative internal surface cleaning, preparation and repair process for delaminated composite materials is required to provide justification for strength restoration using injection repair. Fabricating representative local delaminations was performed with a modified end-notch flexure (ENF) test. A unidirectional 24-ply panel was fabricated to simulate damage to laminates. Intentional contamination was introduced into the induced delamination of each panel type. Contamination removal and surface preparation using solvent and atmospheric plasma cleaning were completed on the modified ENF coupon and verified utilizing in-line monitoring with Quantitative Gas Analysis (QGA) and post processing inspection with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). A modified low-viscosity injection resin was developed and utilized to repair the post-tested ENF coupons. The modified epoxy exhibited comparable shear strength characteristics to un-modified neat resin while achieving a >97% reduction in viscosity. Each ENF panel type was assessed for Mode II fracture toughness (GIIc) of the parent material and repair of fractured coupons. Fractured coupons simulating an enclosed delamination were repaired: without contamination, with contamination, and after the novel contamination removal processes were completed. Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness was restored or increased when compared to control test groups for all coupons that were repaired or cleaned and repaired.
VALIDATION AND IMPACT RESPONSE OF LAMINATED GLASS
Authors: WHISLER DANIEL , HERNANDEZ HECTOR , COY RYAN , CONSARNAU RAFAEL
Published: October 2022

Although glass has been used extensively in the course of human history, glass as a laminated structural component is a much more recent invention that came at the start of a burgeoning automotive industry, and to date, has not advanced significantly over the past few decades. One of the major challenges is extracting the material properties in order to predict failure under various loading conditions. We aim to address this shortcoming by examining the laminated glass system as a single unit via select tests designed to provide the necessary material constants and the validated load setup at the same time. To achieve this goal, we will use relatively large-size specimens (800 x 800 mm2) in both static and dynamic testing for loading perpendicular to the surface. These will be supplemented with additional tests in bending and tension and all tests, all of which can be used for finite element validation. Preliminary data shows good agreement in both static and dynamic analysis without requiring additional constituent level material tests. However, as this work is on-going, we anticipate better results with improvements to the methodology. Ultimately, this work is designed to provide a simple framework with relatively few instruments to support finite element validation efforts on laminated glass composites under dynamic loads.
NEXTGEN HIGH FIDELITY DATASETS TO VALIDATE ADVANCED COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR COMPOSITE HYGROTHERMAL-MECHANICAL RESPONSE
Authors: JUSTUSSON BRIAN , SCHAEFER JOSEPH
Published: October 2022

Industry at large has been slow to adopt novel advanced structural analysis techniques for composite structures despite several recent government, industry, and academia partnership efforts to advance the maturity of the tools. Much of the challenge is associated with the value of the developed technical data packages as the demonstrated capabilities of the methods lacked industrial relevance for current and next generation material systems and composite construction. While simple coupon level analysis for static strength at room temperature ambient conditions has shown tremendous growth in Technical Readiness Levels, many methods are still immature to address higher level elements in the structural building block and lack appropriate validation protocols for accounting for the effects of temperature and moisture. These conditions often drive structural sizing and present a near term opportunity to better understand temperature and moisture effects that often take several months before test data is available. The High Fidelity Building Block and Validation Protocols for NextGen Composite Methods Program (N00014-21-C-1008) seeks bridge the gap of high fidelity test data and associated protocols for validating advanced structural analysis tools for composite structures including temperature and moisture. The program includes test articles that are fabricated from IM7/5320-1 tape as well as FM309-1 structural adhesive to maintain a high degree of relevancy for future aircraft needs and to increase the value of the technical data packages required for industry adoption of methods. The paper provides an overview of industry needs for advanced analysis capabilities and how the high fidelity data can be used to address them.
Correlated Cashflow Shocks, Asset Prices, and the Term Structure of Equity
Authors: Hasler Michael , Khapko Mariana
Published: October 2022

The term structure of equity risk premium is moderately downward-sloping unconditionally, markedly downward-sloping in good times, and markedly upward-sloping in bad times. An asset-pricing model featuring time-varying correlation between realized and expected cashflow shocks explains these puzzling empirical findings. Indeed, the model-implied slope of the equity term structure is in line with the data, both conditionally and unconditionally, because the estimated cashflow shock correlation is volatile, counter-cyclical, and negative on average. The model also generates realistic asset-pricing moments and a positive relation between the equity risk premium, slope of the equity term structure, and the dividend yield.

This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance.

Funding: The authors thank the University of Texas at Dallas and the University of Toronto for financial support.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4565 .
Asymptotically Optimal Inventory Control for Assemble-to-Order Systems
Authors: Reiman Martin I. , Wan Haohua , Wang Qiong
Published: October 2022

We consider assemble-to-order (ATO) inventory systems with a general bill of materials and general deterministic lead times. Unsatisfied demands are always backlogged. We apply a four-step asymptotic framework to develop inventory policies for minimizing the long-run average expected total inventory cost. Our approach features a multistage stochastic program (SP) to establish a lower bound on the inventory cost and determine parameter values for inventory control. Our replenishment policy deviates from the conventional constant base stock policies to accommodate nonidentical lead times. Our component allocation policy differentiates demands based on backlog costs, bill of materials, and component availabilities. We prove that our policy is asymptotically optimal on the diffusion scale, that is, as the longest lead time grows, the percentage difference between the average cost under our policy and its lower bound converges to zero. In developing these results, we formulate a broad stochastic tracking model and prove general convergence results from which the asymptotic optimality of our policy follows as specialized corollaries.

Funding: This study is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-1363314].
New nursing partnership for journal and forum
Authors: Hill Rebekah
Published: October 2022

Rebekah Hill introduces the Royal College of Nursing Gastrointestinal Nursing Forum and its partnership with the Gastrointestinal Nursing journal
Measured IOPs of Jerlov water types
Authors: Williamson Craig A. , Hollins Richard C.
Published: October 2022

Inherent optical properties (IOPs) of typical ocean waters have been derived from a worldwide database of measured parameters. The optical quality of the world’s oceans can be described in terms of their Jerlov water type, ranging from the clearest Jerlov I to the most turbid Jerlov 9C. These Jerlov classifications are defined in terms of an apparent optical property known as the downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient (

K
d

). There is a need to relate these Jerlov water types to their IOPs, namely their absorption coefficient,

a

, and scattering coefficient,

b

. However, robust values of

a

and

b

for Jerlov water types have not previously existed. This study used the World-wide Ocean Optics Database to derive a series of experimentally measured

a

and

b

values for six Jerlov water types. Using data science techniques to group measurements in time and space, over 13.5 million data points were consolidated into 53 measured values for

a

and

b

. Established models were subsequently applied to generate a complete table of absorption and scattering coefficients from 300 to 800 nm for Jerlov IB to Jerlov 5C. The analysis includes the influence of changes in the solar zenith angle and the scattering phase function. These data are recommended for use in applications where IOPs are required to describe Jerlov water types.
Axisymmetric surface shape correction of optical elements by a wide-aperture ion beam
Authors: Chernyshev Aleksei , Chkhalo Nikolay , Malyshev Ilya , Mikhailenko Mikhail , Pestov Alexey , Salashchenko Nikolay , Toropov Mikhail
Published: October 2022

Methods for calculating the process of axisymmetric surface shape correction with a wide-aperture ion beam through a forming diaphragm for optical elements with a round and arbitrary border shape are presented. In the case of circular optical elements, an approach based on the separation of the axisymmetric component of the surface shape error from its decomposition by Zernike polynomials is used. In the case of optical elements with an arbitrary border shape (not round), an algorithm for searching the axisymmetric component of the shape error is proposed. The search criterion is to minimize the residual volume of the deviation of the surface shape from the calculated one. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to separate the axisymmetric component of the shape error relative to an arbitrary axis, including one located outside the workpiece. The results of surface treatment in accordance with the above methods are presented.
Instantaneous photosynthetically available radiation models for ocean waters using neural networks
Authors: Aryal Kamal , Zhai Peng-Wang , Gao Meng , Franz Bryan A.
Published: October 2022

Instantaneous photosynthetically available radiation (IPAR) at the
ocean surface and its vertical profile below the surface play a
critical role in models to calculate net primary productivity of
marine phytoplankton. In this work, we report two IPAR prediction
models based on the neural network (NN) approach, one for open ocean
and the other for coastal waters. These models are trained, validated,
and tested using a large volume of synthetic datasets for open ocean
and coastal waters simulated by a radiative transfer model. Our NN
models are designed to predict IPAR under a large range of atmospheric
and oceanic conditions. The NN models can compute the subsurface IPAR
profile very accurately up to the euphotic zone depth. The root mean
square errors associated with the diffuse attenuation coefficient of
IPAR are less than

0.011

m

−
1

and

0.036

m

−
1

for open ocean and coastal waters,
respectively. The performance of the NN models is better than
presently available semi-analytical models, with significant
superiority in coastal waters.
Integrating a pressure sensor with an OCT handheld probe to facilitate imaging of microvascular information in skin tissue beds
Authors: Shi Yaping , Lu Jie , Le Nhan , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: October 2022

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have been increasingly applied in skin imaging applications in dermatology, where the imaging is often performed with the OCT probe in contact with the skin surface. However, this contact mode imaging can introduce uncontrollable mechanical stress applied to the skin, inevitably complicating the interpretation of OCT/OCTA imaging results. There remains a need for a strategy for assessing local pressure applied on the skin during imaging acquisition. This study reports a handheld scanning probe integrated with built-in pressure sensors, allowing the operator to control the mechanical stress applied to the skin in real-time. With real time feedback information, the operator can easily determine whether the pressure applied to the skin would affect the imaging quality so as to obtain repeatable and reliable OCTA images for a more accurate investigation of skin conditions. Using this probe, imaging of palm skin was used in this study to demonstrate how the OCTA imaging would have been affected by different mechanical pressures ranging from 0 to 69 kPa. The results showed that OCTA imaging is relatively stable when the pressure is less than 11 kPa, and within this range, the change of vascular area density calculated from the OCTA imaging is below 0.13%. In addition, the probe was used to augment the OCT monitoring of blood flow changes during a reactive hyperemia experiment, in which the operator could properly control the amount of pressure applied to the skin surface and achieve full release after compression stimulation.
Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ doped germanate glasses before and after a heat treatment process
Authors: Lemiere Arnaud , Bondzior Bartosz , Kuusela Luukas , Veber Alexander , Petit Laeticia
Published: October 2022

In this paper structural, thermal and optical properties of Er3+ doped germanate glasses with the composition of 63.0GeO2-9.8Ga2O3-11.1BaO-4.9X-8.8Na2O-2.5Er2O3 (in mol%), where X = ZnO, TiO2, Al2O3 and Y2O3 are reported. The investigated glasses exhibit low phonon energies (<1000 cm-1) and high glass transition temperature varying between 588 and 642 °C. The Raman spectra evidence about different polymerization degree of the glasses. The thermal treatment leads to the precipitation of various crystals, the composition of which depends on the glass composition. According to the spectroscopic properties Er3+ ions are suspected to have similar local environment in the as-prepared glasses. However, Er-doped crystals are expected to precipitate upon devitrification, which leads to significant change of the spectroscopic properties, in particular increase in the intensity of upconversion and MIR emissions is observed. It is demonstrated that the glasses with Y2O3, ZnO and TiO2 are promising glasses especially for MIR applications.
Temporal localized Turing patterns in mode-locked semiconductor lasers
Authors: Bartolo A. , Vigne N. , Marconi M. , Beaudoin G. , Pantzas K. , Sagnes I. , Huyet G. , Maucher F. , Gurevich S. V. , Javaloyes J. , Garnache A. , Giudici M.
Published: October 2022

Spatiotemporal mode-locking is a promising lasing regime for developing
coherent sources for multimode nonlinear photonics. In this paper we
show that large-aspect-ratio vertical external-cavity surface-emitting
lasers (VECSELs) can be operated in this regime. The emitted pulses
exhibit a spatial profile resulting from the phase locking between an
axial plane wave and a set of tilted waves having a hexagonal
arrangement in the Fourier space. Moreover, we show that these
pulsating patterns are temporally localized, i.e., they can be
individually addressed by pulsing the optical pump. The theoretical
analysis discloses that the emergence of these pulsating patterns is a
signature of a Turing instability whose critical wave vector depends
on the spherical aberrations of the optical elements. Our result
reveals that large-aspect-ratio VECSELs offer unique opportunities for
studying fully developed spatiotemporal dynamics and for applications
to multidimensional control of light.
Transport-of-intensity Fourier ptychographic diffraction tomography: defying the matched illumination condition
Authors: Zhou Shun , Li Jiaji , Sun Jiasong , Zhou Ning , Ullah Habib , Bai Zhidong , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: October 2022

Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a promising label-free
three-dimensional (3D) microscopic method capable of measuring the 3D
refractive index (RI) distribution of optically transparent samples
(e.g., unlabeled biological cells). In recent years,
non-interferometric ODT techniques have received increasing attention
for their system simplicity, speckle-free imaging quality, and
compatibility with existing microscopes. However, ODT methods for
implementing non-interferometric measurements in high numerical
aperture (NA) microscopy systems are often plagued by low-frequency
missing problems—a consequence of violating the matched illumination
condition. Here, we present transport-of-intensity Fourier
ptychographic diffraction tomography (TI-FPDT) to address this
challenging issue by combining ptychographic angular diversity with
additional “transport of intensity” measurements. TI-FPDT exploits the
defocused phase contrast to circumvent the stringent requirement on
the illumination NA imposed by the matched illumination condition. It
effectively overcomes the reconstruction quality deterioration and RI
underestimation problems in conventional FPDT, as demonstrated by
high-resolution tomographic imaging of various unlabeled transparent
samples (including microspheres, USAF targets, HeLa cells, and C2C12
cells). Due to its simplicity and effectiveness, TI-FPDT is
anticipated to open new possibilities for label-free 3D microscopy in
various biomedical applications.
Syndemic violence victimization, alcohol and drug use, and HIV transmission risk behavior among HIV-negative transgender women in India: A cross-sectional, population-based study
Authors: Chakrapani Venkatesan , Lakshmi P. V. M. , Newman Peter A. , Kaur Jasvir , Tsai Alexander C. , Vijin P. P. , Singh Bhawani , Kumar Pradeep , Rajan Shobini , Kumar Rajesh
Published: October 2022

Transgender women globally are disproportionately burdened by HIV. Co-occurring epidemics of adverse psychosocial exposures accelerate HIV sexual risk, including among transgender women; however, studies using additive models fail to examine synergies among psychosocial conditions that define a syndemic. We examined the impact of synergistic interactions among 4 psychosocial exposures on condomless anal sex (CAS) among transgender women in India. A national probability-based sample of 4,607 HIV-negative transgender women completed the Indian Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance survey, 2014−2015. We used linear probability regression and logistic regression to assess 2-, 3-, and 4-way interactions among 4 psychosocial exposures (physical violence, sexual violence, drug use, and alcohol use) on CAS. Overall, 27.3% reported physical and 22.3% sexual violence victimization (39.2% either physical or sexual violence), one-third (33.9%) reported frequent alcohol use and 11.5% illicit drug use. Physical violence was associated with twofold higher odds of CAS in the main effects model. Statistically significant two- and three-way interactions were identified, on both the multiplicative and the additive scales, between physical violence and drug use; physical and sexual violence; physical violence, sexual violence, and alcohol use; and physical violence, alcohol use and drug use. Physical and sexual violence victimization, and alcohol and drug use are highly prevalent and synergistically interact to increase CAS among HIV-negative transgender women in India. Targeted and integrated multilevel initiatives to improve the assessment of psychosocial comorbidities, to combat systemic transphobic violence, and to provide tailored, trauma-informed alcohol and substance use treatment services may reduce HIV risk among transgender women.
An NTP-driven mechanism for the nucleotide addition cycle of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase during transcription
Authors: Johnson Ronald S. , Strausbauch Mark , McCloud Christopher
Published: October 2022

The elementary steps of transcription as catalyzed by E. coli RNA polymerase during one and two rounds of the nucleotide addition cycle (NAC) were resolved in rapid kinetic studies. Modelling of stopped-flow kinetic data of pyrophosphate release in a coupled enzyme assay during one round of the NAC indicates that the rate of pyrophosphate release is significantly less than that for nucleotide incorporation. Upon modelling of the stopped-flow kinetic data for pyrophosphate release during two rounds of the NAC, it was observed that the presence of the next nucleotide for incorporation increases the rate of release of the first pyrophosphate equivalent; incorrect nucleotides for incorporation had no effect on the rate of pyrophosphate release. Although the next nucleotide for incorporation increases the rate of pyrophosphate release, it is still significantly less than the rate of incorporation of the first nucleotide. The results from the stopped-flow kinetic studies were confirmed by using quench-flow followed by thin-layer chromatography (QF-TLC) with only the first nucleotide for incorporation labeled on the gamma phosphate with 32P to monitor pyrophosphate release. Collectively, the results are consistent with an NTP-driven model for the NAC in which the binding of the next cognate nucleotide for incorporation causes a synergistic conformational change in the enzyme that triggers the more rapid release of pyrophosphate, translocation of the enzyme along the DNA template strand and nucleotide incorporation.
Quantifying gender biases towards politicians on Reddit
Authors: Marjanovic Sara , Stańczak Karolina , Augenstein Isabelle
Published: October 2022

Despite attempts to increase gender parity in politics, global efforts have struggled to ensure equal female representation. This is likely tied to implicit gender biases against women in authority. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of gender biases that appear in online political discussion. To this end, we collect 10 million comments on Reddit in conversationsaboutmale and female politicians, which enables an exhaustive study of automatic gender bias detection. We address not only misogynistic language, but also other manifestations of bias, like benevolent sexism in the form of seemingly positive sentiment and dominance attributed to female politicians, or differences in descriptor attribution. Finally, we conduct a multi-faceted study of gender bias towards politicians investigating both linguistic and extra-linguistic cues. We assess 5 different types of gender bias, evaluating coverage, combinatorial, nominal, sentimental and lexical biases extant in social media language and discourse. Overall, we find that, contrary to previous research, coverage and sentiment biases suggest equal public interest in female politicians. Rather than overt hostile or benevolent sexism, the results of the nominal and lexical analyses suggest this interest is not as professional or respectful as that expressed about male politicians. Female politicians are often named by their first names and are described in relation to their body, clothing, or family; this is a treatment that is not similarly extended to men. On the now banned far-right subreddits, this disparity is greatest, though differences in gender biases still appear in the right and left-leaning subreddits. We release the curated dataset to the public for future studies.
An integrated multi-omics analysis of topoisomerase family in pan-cancer: Friend or foe?
Authors: Zhou Xin , Yao Guixiang , Zhang Jin , Bian Jiasheng , Li Guanghao , Xu Jianfeng
Published: October 2022

Background

Topoisomerases are nuclear enzymes that get to the bottom of topological troubles related with DNA all through a range of genetic procedures. More and more studies have shown that topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage plays crucial roles in tumor cell death and carcinogenesis. There is however still a lack of comprehensive multi-omics studies related to topoisomerase family genes from a pan-cancer perspective.

Methods

In this study, a multiomics pan-cancer analysis of topoisomerase family genes was conducted by integrating over 10,000 multi-dimensional cancer genomic data across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 481 small molecule drug response data from cancer therapeutics response portal (CTRP) as well as normal tissue data from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). Finally, overall activity-level analyses of topoisomerase in pan-cancers were performed by gene set variation analysis (GSVA), together with differential expression, clinical relevancy, immune cell infiltration and regulation of cancer-related pathways.

Results

Dysregulated gene expression of topoisomerase family were related to genomic changes and abnormal epigenetic modifications. The expression levels of topoisomerase family genes could significantly impact cancer progression, intratumoral heterogeneity, alterations in the immunological condition and regulation of the cancer marker-related pathways, which in turn caused the differences in potential drugs sensitivity and the distinct prognosis of patients.

Conclusion

It was anticipated that topoisomerase family genes would become novel prognostic biomarkers for cancer patients and provide new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
Applying lead (Pb) isotopes to explore mobility in humans and animals
Authors: Evans Jane A. , Pashley Vanessa , Mee Katy , Wagner Doris , Parker Pearson Mike , Fremondeau Delphine , Albarella Umberto , Madgwick Richard
Published: October 2022

Lead (Pb) isotopes provide a complementary method to other provenance tools for tracking the origin and movement of humans and animals. The method is founded in the geographic distribution of Pb isotope ratios. However, unlike the Sr isotope method that is closely linked to the lithology of underlying rocks, Pb more closely reflects the tectonic regimes. This makes it particularly pertinent to use in Britain as there is major tectonic boundary (the Iapetus Suture) that runs between Berwick-upon-Tweed and the Solway Firth providing a compositional boundary in Pb isotope domains that approximates to the geographic areas of Scotland versus England and Wales. Modern pollution makes it difficult to use modern floral or faunal samples to characterize biosphere variation, and so we use geological datasets to define isoscape variation and present the first Pb isotope map of Britain. We have validated the use of these data form biosphere studies using well provenanced samples. Reference fields of diagnostic compositions, are created in μ-T space and these have been used in a test case to assess the geographic origins of Neolithic animals in Great Britain.
The uptake of key Essential Nutrition Action (ENA) messages and its predictors among mothers of children aged 6–24 months in Southern Ethiopia, 2021: A community-based crossectional study
Authors: Habte Aklilu , Gizachew Addisalem , Ejajo Tekle , Endale Fitsum
Published: October 2022

Background

Essential nutrition action(ENA) is a framework for managing advocacy, establishing a foundation, and implementing a comprehensive package of preventive nutritional activities. Essential Nutrition Actions study studies provide current information on each nutrition action, allowing health systems to focus more on nutrition, which is critical in tackling the "double burden" of malnutrition: underweight and overweight. Hence, this study aimed at assessing the level of ENA practice and its predictors among mothers of children aged 6 to 24 months in southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2021 among randomly selected 633 mothers of children aged 6–24 months. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to access study participants. Data were collected by using a pretested, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. To identify predictors of ENA practice, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were used. The strength of the association was measured using an adjusted odds ratio with 95 percent confidence intervals. The statistical significance was declared at a p-value less than 0.05.

Results

A total of 624 participants took part in the study, with a response rate of 98.6%. The uptake of key ENA messages among mothers was measured using 27 items, and it was found to be 47.4% (95% CI: 43.8, 51.4). Complementary feeding was the commonest ENA message practiced by 66.7% of respondents, while prevention of iodine deficiency disorder was practiced by only 33.7% of respondents. Variables namely, mother’s education level of college and above [AOR: 3.90, 95% CI: 1.79, 8.51], institutional delivery [AOR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.17,6.49], having PNC service [AOR: 2.95, 95% CI: 1.91, 4.57], being knowledgeable on ENA message [AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.81, 3.26] and being a model household [AOR: 3.83,95% CI: 2.58, 5.69] were positively associated with a good uptake of key ENA messages. On the other hand, primiparity [AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.21,0.56] was identified as a negative predictor.

Conclusion

The overall practice of key Essential nutrition action messages in the study area was low as compared to studies. Stakeholders must step up their efforts to improve and hasten the utilization of maternal and child health services, especially institutional delivery and Postnatal care by focusing on uneducated women to promote compliance to key ENA messages. Furthermore, health workers need to focus on awareness-raising and model household creation.
Gestational and congenital syphilis across the international border in Brazil
Authors: Lannoy Leonor H. , Santos Patrícia C. , Coelho Ronaldo , Dias-Santos Adriano S. , Valentim Ricardo , Pereira Gerson M. , Miranda Angelica E.
Published: October 2022

Background

Brazil lacks data from syphilis in its border areas. We aimed to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of acquired syphilis (AS), in pregnancy (SP) and congenital syphilis (CS) in Brazilian municipalities in the arches border contexts.

Methods

An ecological, cross-sectional study was conducted from 2010 to 2020. The study was based on the cases of syphilis available in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), and on the Primary Health Care Information System. The detection rates of AS and SP, and the incidence of CS were estimated, and the time series was analyzed. Data between the border arches were compared.

Results

In 2020, data showed 7,603 cases of AS (detection rate 64.8/100,000 inhabitants), 3,960 cases of SP (detection rate of 21.6/1,000 live births) and 836 cases of CS (incidence of 4.6/1,000 live births) in the border region. Between 2010 and 2020, the mean annual increase of detection rate of SP was 53.4% in Brazil, 48.0% in the border region, 59.6% in the North Arch, 28.8% in the Central and 67.2% in the South. Annual variation on the incidence of CS for the same period was 31.0% in Brazil 38.4% at the border, in the North and South Arcs 18.3% and 65.7% respectively. The Central Arch showed an increase only between 2010 and 2018 (62.7%). A total of 427 (72.6%) municipalities has primary health care coverage ≥ 95% of the population. In 2019, 538 (91.8%) municipalities reported using rapid tests for syphilis, which decreased to 492 (84%) in 2020. In 2019, 441 (75.3%) municipalities reported administering penicillin, and 422 (72%) in 2020.

Conclusion

Our data show syphilis reman problem at the Brazilian border, rates in pregnant are high. It was observed a reduction in the detection rates, SP and the incidence of CS between 2018 and 2020. Syphilis should be included on the agenda of all management levels, aiming at expanding access and quality care.