bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wind-induced collapse analysis of long-span transmission tower–line system considering the member buckling effect
Authors: Tian Li , Pan Haiyang , Qiu Canxing , Ma Ruisheng , Yu Qiqi
Published: May 2018

The collapse problem of transmission tower upon strong winds was well noted in past few years. This article analyses the wind-induced collapse problem of a long-span transmission tower–line system. The member buckling effect was particularly considered. In doing so, a three-dimensional finite element model of the long-span transmission tower–line system was established in ABAQUS based on a practical project. The transmission tower and line were simulated by the frame and truss elements, respectively. The nonlinear behavior of a compressive member was simulated using the Marshall model, and the nonconvergence of numerical calculation was set to be the collapse criterion. The critical wind speed, damage position, and collapse probability were obtained from a collapse analysis of the long-span transmission tower–line system under different wind attack angles. The collapse mechanism of the long-span transmission tower–line system under a wind attack angle of 45° was investigated, and an incremental dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate the collapse-resistant capacity of the transmission tower. The study reveals that the interaction between bending moment and shear deformation is critical to the collapse of transmission tower.
Testing the Sustainability of Current Accounts for Major South Asian Economies
Authors: Shastri Shruti , Giri A. K. , Mohapatra Geetilaxmi
Published: May 2018

The study assesses the sustainability of current accounts for the panel of five major South Asian economies, namely, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal for the period 1985–2016. Towards this end, the intertemporal solvency model of Hakkio and Rush (1991) and Husted (1992) has been employed. The panel co-integration test by Westerlund (2007) confirms the long-run relationship between exports and imports but the estimates of the slope coefficient based on GM-FMOLS, GM-DOLS and CCEMG turn out to be less than one indicating the weak sustainability. The weak form of sustainability implies that current account inflows are not equally matched by the outflows underscoring the need for policy interventions. An analysis of the other fundamentals, however, reveals that the non-consumption-dominated import structure, increasing export diversification and broadly declining external debt stocks are welcome signs for the external sustainability of the region.

JEL: F30, F32
Drivers of Food Security of Vulnerable Rural Households in Bangladesh
Authors: Monirul Alam G.M. , Alam Khorshed , Mushtaq Shahbaz
Published: May 2018

Despite improvements in food production, many rural households in Bangladesh are still food insecure, and this requires urgent policy intervention if the situation is to improve. This article examines the factors influencing food security of vulnerable rural riverine households in Bangladesh. The results reveal that riverine households’ lack of access to many basic necessities and services, such as food, safe drinking water, education and health, results in increased vulnerability to food insecurity which could lead to an unfortunate vicious cycle of poverty. Model results indicate that household heads’ education, household size, adoption of livestock and access to non-farm earnings also affect food security. More importantly, evidence suggests that access to improved health care also needs policy support in parallel with improved access to food to achieve and sustain long-term food security in Bangladesh.

JEL: D130, E230, Q540, Q180
Does Casualization Increase the Job Opportunity to the Workers or Impoverish Them? An Evidence from Indian-Organized Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Das Simontini
Published: May 2018

This article investigates the impact of casualization on the labour market of organized manufacturing industries in India. In specific, this article analyses the impact of casualization on the labour demand and output elasticity of 15 manufacturing industries in the post-liberalization period for the direct production workers. Dynamic panel data analysis of system generalized methods of moment method is used here for the estimation of lagged labour demand for permanent production workers. Aggregate level analysis ensures that casualization has a significant positive impact on the labour demand and on output elasticity. Disaggregate level analysis also confirms the significant positive impact on the output elasticity at individual industry level. However, wage share of the workers falls along with the increase in the usage of contract workers across most of the industries. Output elasticity increases but at the cost of falling wage share. Casualization generates more job opportunity but reduces the wage share for the permanent production workers in post-liberalization period.

JEL Codes: J20, J21, J30, J46, C23
Cosmopolitan Education in Local Settings: Toward a New Civics Education for the 21st Century
Authors: Vinokur Eli
Published: May 2018

This article reviews the rival trends and competing discourses within the cosmopolitan tradition to formulate a comprehensive educational approach, called ‘rooted cosmopolitanism’, that is timely, conceptually operational, culturally sensitive, and applicable in local educational settings. After reviewing the existing conceptions of cosmopolitanism, I define cosmopolitanism and cosmopolitan education. Then I present various critiques of the cosmopolitan discourse, focusing on the need for rootedness. To bridge the tension between lofty cosmopolitan values and the concrete demands and aims of local educational systems, I conclude by claiming that cosmopolitan education can be sustained through a prism of local culture, religion, heritage and language.
MiR-199a-5p Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Targeting ROCK1
Authors: Zhu Qian Dong , Zhou Qing Qing , Dong Lemei , Huang Zhiming , Wu Fang , Deng Xia
Published: May 2018

Mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs play important roles in the development of various cancers. Aberrant expression of microRNA-199a-5p has been frequently reported in cancer studies; however, the mechanistic details of the role of microRNA-199a-5p in colorectal cancer still remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore the role of microRNA-199a-5p in colorectal cancer cells by targeting Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase 1. Here, we showed that microRNA-199a-5p was significantly downregulated in colorectal cancer cell lines and tissue samples and was associated with a poor prognostic phenotype. MicroRNA-199a-5p suppressed colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, we identified Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase 1 as the direct target of microRNA-199a-5p using luciferase and Western blot assays. Importantly, Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase 1 overexpression rescued the microRNA-199a-5p-induced suppression of proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of microRNA-199a-5p inhibited tumor growth and metastasis by inactivating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT and Janus kinase 1/signal transducing activator of transcription signaling pathways through downregulation of Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase 1. Altogether, microRNA-199a-5p/Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase 1 may be a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer therapy.
Targeting VEGF/VEGFRs Pathway in the Antiangiogenic Treatment of Human Cancers by Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wang Ning , Tan Hor-Yue , Guo Wei , Li Sha , Feng Yibin
Published: May 2018

Bearing in mind the doctrine of tumor angiogenesis hypothesized by Folkman several decades ago, the fundamental strategy for alleviating numerous cancer indications may be the strengthening application of notable antiangiogenic therapies to inhibit metastasis-related tumor growth. Under physiological conditions, vascular sprouting is a relatively infrequent event unless when specifically stimulated by pathogenic factors that contribute to the accumulation of angiogenic activators such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Since VEGFs have been identified as the principal cytokine to initiate angiogenesis in tumor growth, synthetic VEGF-targeting medicines containing bevacizumab and sorafenib have been extensively used, but prominent side effects have concomitantly emerged. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM)–derived agents with distinctive safety profiles have shown their multitarget curative potential by impairing angiogenic stimulatory signaling pathways directly or eliciting synergistically therapeutic effects with anti-angiogenic drugs mainly targeting VEGF-dependent pathways. This review aims to summarize ( a) the up-to-date understanding of the role of VEGF/VEGFR in correlation with proangiogenic mechanisms in various tissues and cells; ( b) the elaboration of antitumor angiogenesis mechanisms of 4 representative TCMs, including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Curcuma longa, ginsenosides, and Scutellaria baicalensis; and ( c) circumstantial clarification of TCM-driven therapeutic actions of suppressing tumor angiogenesis by targeting VEGF/VEGFRs pathway in recent years, based on network pharmacology.
Face and Construct Validity of a Novel Virtual Reality–Based Bimanual Laparoscopic Force-Skills Trainer With Haptics Feedback
Authors: Prasad Raghu , Muniyandi Manivannan , Manoharan Govindan , Chandramohan Servarayan. M.
Published: May 2018

Background. The purpose of this study was to examine the face and construct validity of a custom-developed bimanual laparoscopic force-skills trainer with haptics feedback. The study also examined the effect of handedness on fundamental and complex tasks. Methods. Residents (n = 25) and surgeons (n = 25) performed virtual reality–based bimanual fundamental and complex tasks. Tool-tissue reaction forces were summed, recorded, and analysed. Seven different force-based measures and a 1-time measure were used as metrics. Subsequently, participants filled out face validity and demographic questionnaires. Results. Residents and surgeons were positive on the design, workspace, and usefulness of the simulator. Construct validity results showed significant differences between residents and experts during the execution of fundamental and complex tasks. In both tasks, residents applied large forces with higher coefficient of variation and force jerks (P < .001). Experts, with their dominant hand, applied lower forces in complex tasks and higher forces in fundamental tasks (P < .001). The coefficients of force variation (CoV) of residents and experts were higher in complex tasks (P < .001). Strong correlations were observed between CoV and task time for fundamental (r = 0.70) and complex tasks (r = 0.85). Range of smoothness of force was higher for the non-dominant hand in both fundamental and complex tasks. Conclusions. The simulator was able to differentiate the force-skills of residents and surgeons, and objectively evaluate the effects of handedness on laparoscopic force-skills. Competency-based laparoscopic skills assessment curriculum should be updated to meet the requirements of bimanual force-based training.
Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Cleft Hand: Case Series From a Tertiary Public Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Falcochio Diego F. , Da Costa Antonio C. , Durigan Clarissa P. I. , Nascimento Valdenia Das G. , Santili Claudio , Chakkour Ivan
Published: May 2018

Background: Cleft hand is a rare and congenital deformity that affects hands and feet and can be associated with other malformations. The objective was to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of cleft hand patient in a case series. Methods: Baseline characteristics associated with this deformity, such as sociodemographic characteristics, affected upper limb side, family history, clinical manifestations, and the degree of deficiency according to Barsky, Manske and Halikis, and Valenti classifications, were analyzed in 38 patients treated in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Brazil. Results: A predominance of typical hands as classified by Barsky, types II and IV by Manske and Halikis, and type IV by Valenti was found. A high frequency of typical cases (55.3%), as defined by Barsky, had a positive family history ( P = .031) and were associated with other clinical manifestations (44.7%), when compared with atypical cleft hand patients ( P < .001). Conclusion: In our study, there were more typical cleft hands than atypical, and they were more commonly associated with family history and other clinical manifestations.
A linear m-consecutive-k-out-of-n system with sparse d of non-homogeneous Markov-dependent components
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Boushaba Mahmoud , Boulahia Abdelmoumene , Zhao Xian
Published: May 2018

Consider non-homogeneous Markov-dependent components in an m-consecutive- k-out-of- n:F (G) system with sparse [Formula: see text], which consists of [Formula: see text] linearly ordered components. Two failed components are consecutive with sparse [Formula: see text] if and if there are at most [Formula: see text] working components between the two failed components, and the m-consecutive- k-out-of- n:F system with sparse [Formula: see text] fails if and if there exist at least [Formula: see text] non-overlapping runs of [Formula: see text] consecutive failed components with sparse [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. We use conditional probability generating function method to derive uniform closed-form formulas for system reliability, marginal reliability importance measure, and joint reliability importance measure for such the F system and the corresponding G system. We present numerical examples to demonstrate the use of the formulas. Along with the work in this article, we summarize the work on consecutive- k systems of Markov-dependent components in terms of system reliability, marginal reliability importance, and joint reliability importance.
A parts supplier selection framework of mechanical manufacturing enterprise based on D-S evidence theory
Authors: Li Lianhui , Wang Hongguang
Published: May 2018

Parts supplier selection (PSS) is an important part of supply chain management of manufacturing enterprise. In the PSS process, the values of evaluation indicators are often uncertain and incomplete and the importance degrees of evaluation indicators are often instable. To solve this problem, a PSS framework of manufacturing enterprise based on D-S evidence theory is proposed. The indicator system for PSS is established, and the indicators are divided into three categories: quantitative, comprehensive qualitative and direct qualitative. The initial indicator values are processed by membership grade method to obtain the tendency degree. A two-order weighted D-S evidence theory model is constructed to evaluate the screened candidate suppliers. A manufacturing enterprise application case is given finally to illustrate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed framework.
A case study of thin film stress evolution at a dissimilar material interface via molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Al Murat , Webb Edmund B
Published: May 2018

Evolution of deformation and stress in growing thin films has been studied in this work using computational simulations that resolve matter at atomic length and time scales. For the surface layers of films laying on the substrate of a dissimilar material, the stress distribution analysis around defects becomes more challenging. Herein, spatial and temporal distribution of deformation and associated stress evolution are presented for different thin film formation events including (1) sub-monolayer growth during an early film nucleation stage and (2) coalescence of adjacent monolayer “islands.” Validity of the stress computed via local computations of the virial expression for stress in a system of interacting particles was checked by comparing to results obtained from considerations of local atomic deformation in conjunction with existing expressions for epitaxial thin film growth stress. For the geometries studied here, where a monolayer of film with a highly characterized linear defect, as in the case of a stacking fault, was simulated for coalescence, fairly good agreement was found. This result demonstrates that, for similar defects at the surface layer, with sufficient sub-ensemble averaging of the standard virial expression for stress, semiquantitative spatial stress distribution information can be obtained from atomic scale simulations. Using our validated stress computation method, we reveal significant stress localization during thin film growth processes, leading to pronounced differences in maximum and minimum stress observed over very small spatial extent (of order multiple GPa over 3–6 nm distances). One prominent mechanism of stress localization revealed here is coalescence between adjacent growing islands. For geometries explored here, stress manifesting during coalescence is highly localized.
Smoking cessation in pregnancy: a continuing challenge in the United States
Authors: Scherman Ashley , Tolosa Jorge E. , McEvoy Cindy
Published: May 2018

Despite significant population level declines, smoking during pregnancy remains a major public health issue in the United States (US). Approximately 360,000–500,000 smoke-exposed infants are born yearly, and prenatal smoking remains a leading modifiable cause of poor birth outcomes (e.g. birth < 37 gestational weeks, low birth weight, perinatal mortality). Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to be younger and from disadvantaged socioeconomic and racial and ethnic groups, with some US geographic regions reporting increased prenatal smoking rates since 2000. Such disparities in maternal prenatal smoking suggests some pregnant women face unique barriers to cessation. This paper reviews the current state and future direction of smoking cessation in pregnancy in the US. We briefly discuss the etiology of smoking addiction among women, the pathophysiology and effects of tobacco smoke exposure on pregnant women and their offspring, and the emerging issue of electronic nicotine delivery systems. Current population-based and individual smoking cessation interventions are reviewed in the context of pregnancy and barriers to cessation among US women. Finally, we consider interventions that are on the horizon and areas in need of further investigation.
Antidepressant use in older inpatients: current situation and application of the revised STOPP criteria
Authors: Gers Lynn , Petrovic Mirko , Perkisas Stany , Vandewoude Maurits
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

Antidepressant use increases as age rises. Moreover, older patients are more sensitive to side effects and drug interactions. This descriptive study aims to map antidepressant use among patients at the geriatrics department of a university hospital and to evaluate whether prescribing happens in an evidence-based manner.

Methods:

Patients aged 75 years and over, admitted to the geriatrics department of the Middelheim Hospital in Antwerp between February and July 2017 were included. We checked whether they took antidepressants, which types and doses were prescribed, who prescribed the antidepressants, and whether prescribing was in concordance with the revised STOPP (Screening Tool of Older People’s Prescriptions) criteria.

Results:

Out of the 239 included patients, 61 were found to use antidepressants, with depression being the most important indication. General practitioners appeared to be the most frequent prescribers. Trazodone was the most prescribed antidepressant and was often used for sleeping disorders. Antidepressants were taken longer than recommended in almost one out of five cases. Patients with diabetes and renal insufficiency were prescribed antidepressants less frequently. Only 2.8% of the study participants were prescribed antidepressants for anxiety disorders.

Conclusion:

We can conclude that prescription of antidepressants in older patients at the geriatrics department is often not evidence based. Clear guidelines may offer a solution; therefore more studies are needed on antidepressant use in older patients.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing reveals subclinical abnormalities in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kirkman Danielle L , Muth Bryce J , Stock Joseph M , Townsend Raymond R , Edwards David G
Published: May 2018

Background

Reductions in exercise capacity associated with exercise intolerance augment cardiovascular disease risk and predict mortality in chronic kidney disease. This study utilized cardiopulmonary exercise testing to (a) investigate mechanisms of exercise intolerance; (b) unmask subclinical abnormalities that may precede cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease.

Design

The design of this study was cross-sectional.

Methods

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was carried out in 31 Stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease patients (60 ± 11 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate 43 ± 13 ml/min/1.73 m2) and 21 matched healthy individuals (healthy controls; 56 ± 5 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate>90 ml/min/1.73 m2) on a cycle ergometer with workload increased by 15 W every minute until volitional fatigue. Breath-by-breath respiratory gas analysis was performed with an automated gas analyzer and averaged over 10 s intervals.

Results

Peak oxygen uptake was reduced in chronic kidney disease compared to healthy controls (17.43 ± 1.03 vs 28 ± 2.05 ml/kg/min; p < 0.01), as was oxygen uptake at the ventilatory threshold (9.44 ± 0.53 vs15.55 ± 1.34 ml/kg/min; p < 0.01). A steeper minute ventilation rate/carbon dioxide production slope (32 ± 0.8 vs 28 ± 1; p < 0.01) and a lower expired carbon dioxide pressure in chronic kidney disease (27 ± 0.6 vs 31 ± 0.9 vs 0.9; p < 0.01) indicated ventilation perfusion mismatching in these patients. The ventilatory cost of oxygen uptake was higher in chronic kidney disease (37 ± 0.8 vs 33 ± 1; p < 0.01). Maximum heart rate (134 ± 5 vs 159 ± 3 bpm) and one-minute heart rate recovery (15 ± 1 vs 20 ± 2 bpm) were reduced in chronic kidney disease ( p < 0.01).

Conclusion

This study suggests that both central and peripheral limitations likely contribute to reduced exercise capacity in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Additionally, cardiopulmonary exercise testing revealed subclinical cardiopulmonary abnormalities in these patients in the absence of overt cardiovascular disease. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing could potentially be a tool for unmasking cardiopulmonary abnormalities preceding cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease.
Terlipressin for variceal bleeding induces large plasma sodium fluctuations in patients without cirrhosis
Authors: Eriksen Peter Lykke , Hartkopf-Mikkelsen Anne Luise , Ott Peter , Vilstrup Hendrik , Aagaard Niels Kristian
Published: May 2018

Background

Terlipressin is used as pharmacological treatment for variceal bleeding. The drug's physiological effect favours hyponatremia, and rapid changes in plasma sodium (PNa) may cause brain injury. Cirrhosis patients seem to be largely protected against this effect but patients without cirrhosis may not be so.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine whether terlipressin treatment of patients without cirrhosis leads to more serious fluctuations in PNa than in cirrhosis.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort design, during a 39‐month period, 11 patients with prehepatic portal hypertension and no cirrhosis and 134 patients with cirrhosis received a minimum cumulative terlipressin dose of 4 mg during at least 24 hours for variceal bleeding. The groups’ PNa changes were compared.

Results

During terlipressin, the non‐cirrhotic patients developed a greater reduction in PNa [mean 8.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9–14.6) vs. 1.8 (1.0–2.7) mmol/l; p = 0.048], a lower nadir PNa [129 (123–135) vs. 133 (132–134) mmol/l; p = 0.06], and within 48 hours after terlipressin a greater increase in PNa [12.6 (3.4–21.7) vs. 2.3 (1.5–3.0) mmol/l; p = 0.03]. Severe (>10 mmol/l change) hyponatriemia or PNa rebound were seen in 27% of these patients but in only 4% of those with cirrhosis (p = 0.02). One non‐cirrhotic patient developed permanent brain damage.

Conclusion

Terlipressin treatment of bleeding varices carries a high risk of potentially dangerous PNa fluctuations in patients with non‐cirrhotic prehepatic portal hypertension.
Long-term Cryopreservation of Human and other Mammalian Cells at −80 °C for 8 Years
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshitaka , Ikeuchi Masashi , Noguchi Hirofumi , Hayashi Shuji
Published: May 2018

Freezing is recognized as the most effective method of maintaining a stable supply of various cell types for long-term storage. However, cells might be damaged by environmental changes during the freezing process. There are various factors that influence the function of cells cultured after cryopreservation and thawing. These factors include cryopreservation solutions, biomaterials, freezing methods, and the freezing and preservation temperatures. There is also a risk of infection with mycoplasma in liquid nitrogen phase. Therefore, it is necessary to consider more useful and safe methods for freezing and storing various cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of temperature during long-term storage (8 years at −80 °C and in liquid nitrogen phase) on the quality of various cells (human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, bovine carotid artery normal endothelial cells, mouse fibroblast cells 3T3, and mouse embryo fibroblast cells STO). We examined the cell viability of cryopreserved human hepatocellular carcinoma cells at −80 °C using culture medium containing 10% DMSO, Cell Banker 1, and Cell Banker 2 as cryopreservation solutions. Among these solutions, Cell Banker 1 showed the highest efficiency. The viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma and bovine carotid artery normal endothelial cells in the Cell Banker 1 stored at −80 °C was over 90%, which was the same as that in liquid nitrogen phase. The cells stored at −80 °C had a morphology similar to that of the cells stored at liquid nitrogen phase. The proliferation of cells stored at −80 °C and in liquid nitrogen phase was not significantly different. Furthermore, none of the cells were infected with mycoplasma. There was no marked difference in the albumin secretion between the human hepatocellular carcinoma cells stored at −80 °C and those in liquid nitrogen phase. The short tandem repeats of the human hepatocellular carcinoma cells stored at −80 °C were identical to those stored in liquid nitrogen phase. In this report, various cells stored long-term at −80 °C were able to be used effectively after long-term storage. These findings can be applied to drug discovery, cell medicine, and cell therapy.
A Critical Analysis of Legal Research in Kenya: The Nexus between Research Funding, Academic Freedom and Social Responsibility
Authors: Meroka Agnes K. , Ojwang Duncan
Published: May 2018

Despite the potential of legal research to contribute positively in addressing problems in the society, there are various factors that can undermine the significance of such research. Even with the widespread legal research conducted in Kenya, there are signs that much of this research has not had a significant impact in the society, and it has also not succeeded in providing solutions to some of the problems that have been plaguing the country since the post-independence period. It is argued here that academic freedom, like any other fundamental freedom or right has obligations attached to it, and one such obligation is the exercise of social responsibility, which means that research ought to be conducted for the purpose of benefitting the society and not just for the advancement of individual interests. However, external research funding may limit the extent to which academics are able to exercise academic freedom in the course of conducting research. In Kenya specifically, the Constitution of Kenya recognizes and protects academic freedom, however, the spiral relationship between research and external funding opportunities may create conditions which undermine this freedom. This article draws on a broad understanding of the role of legal research in any society and demonstrates that there is a need for independence of thought in carrying out legal research, and in cases where external research funding threatens the exercise of academic freedom, universities can take steps to ensure that individual academics are cushioned from this threat.
Slow cities, urban politics and the temporalities of planning: Lessons from London
Authors: Raco Mike , Durrant Daniel , Livingstone Nicola
Published: May 2018

In the wake of the global financial crash of 2007–2008, many governments have sought to streamline their post-war planning systems and encourage faster project delivery. Expedited decision-making is equated with efficiency and the meeting of broader growth objectives, whereas slower and more complex forms of engagement are presented as an impediment and a governmental problem to be solved through reform. For critical authors such as Weber, such approaches are fraught with danger. The core objective of planning systems should, conversely, be focused on the production of ‘slow cities’, in which decision-making times allow time for proper democratic and judicial-technical oversight of development processes. Slow planning, it is claimed, can limit the negative impacts of rapid development on urban built environments and communities. In this paper, we draw on research in London to examine the relationships between the temporalities of planning, project outcomes and the politics of time. We argue that within urban studies there needs to be a stronger emphasis on the temporal dimensions of governance and the politics of time. We highlight the conditions in and through which temporal resources are deployed strategically in urban planning and assess the ways in which powerful, reflexive and time-resourced developers and investors use planning timeframes to boost returns over the longer term. We conclude by setting out agendas for future research and for more variegated and contextualised explorations of fast and slow planning processes.
The politics of Estonia’s offshore wind energy programme: Discourse, power and marine spatial planning
Authors: Tafon Ralph , Howarth David , Griggs Steven
Published: May 2018

There is growing recognition that marine spatial planning is an inherently political process marked by a clash of discourses, power and conflicts of interest. Yet, there are very few attempts to make sense of and explain the political practices of marine spatial planning protests in different contexts, especially the way that planners and developers create the conditions for the articulation of objections, and then develop new strategies to negotiate and mediate community resistance. Using poststructuralist discourse theory, the article analyses the politics of a proposed offshore wind energy project in Estonia within the context of the country’s marine spatial planning processes. First, through the lens of politicization, it explores the strategies of political mobilization and the rival discourses of expertise and sustainability through which residents and municipal actors have contested the offshore wind energy project. Secondly, through the lens of depoliticization, it explains the discursive and legalistic strategies employed by developers, planners and an Administrative Court to displace – spatially and temporally – the core issues of contestation, thus legitimizing the offshore wind energy plan. We argue that the spaces created by the pre-planning conjuncture offered the most conducive conditions for residents to voice concerns about the proposed project in a dialogical fashion, whereas the marine spatial planning and post-planning phases became mired in a therapeutic-style consultation, set alongside rigid and unreflexive interpretations and applications of legality. We conclude by setting out the limits of the Estonian marine spatial planning as a process for resolving conflicts, while offering an alternative model of handling such public controversies, which we call pragmatic adversarialism.
Comparison of pediatric allogeneic transplant outcomes using myeloablative busulfan with cyclophosphamide or fludarabine
Authors: Harris Andrew C. , Boelens Jaap J. , Ahn Kwang Woo , Fei Mingwei , Abraham Allistair , Artz Andrew , Dvorak Christopher , Frangoul Haydar , Freytes Cesar , Gale Robert Peter , Hong Sanghee , Lazarus Hillard M. , Loren Alison , Mineishi Shin , Nishihori Taiga , O’Brien Tracey , Williams Kirsten , Pasquini Marcelo C. , Levine John E.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Children receiving BuFlu for nonmalignant conditions experienced less toxicity than those receiving BuCy, but survival was comparable. Children with malignancy had shorter postrelapse survival with BuFlu than BuCy; transplant-related mortality and relapse were similar.
Activation of the vitamin D receptor transcription factor stimulates the growth of definitive erythroid progenitors
Authors: Barminko Jeffrey , Reinholt Brad M. , Emmanuelli Alexander , Lejeune Alannah N. , Baron Margaret H.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

Activation of the Vdr pathway stimulates proliferation of early, but not late, mouse erythroid progenitors in a cell autonomous manner. Vdr and Gr signaling cooperate to increase the growth of mouse erythroid progenitors.
Spontaneous regression of mantle cell lymphoma: a report of four cases
Authors: Ye Haige , Desai Aakash , Gong Tiejun , Zeng Dongfeng , Nomie Krystle , Chen Wendy , Wang Wei , Romaguera Jorge , Wang Michael L.
Published: May 2018

Background

Spontaneous regression has been reported in some indolent forms of lymphoma. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoid neoplasm and has a poor prognosis. However, approximately 30% of MCL patients can exhibit indolent clinical behavior. To date, complete spontaneous regression of MCL has not been reported.

Case presentation

We describe four cases of spontaneous regression of MCL. At the time of presentation, these patients were asymptomatic, with lymph node enlargement and mild to moderate fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on FDG‐positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography. One of the possible mechanisms of spontaneous regression of the tumor could be due to the host immune response through humoral and cellular immunity, which may have a role in the clearance of tumor cells.

Conclusions

In this report, we support the use of a “wait and watch” strategy for MCL patients with no risk factors and indolent behavior. This strategy helps spare patients from further potentially harmful chemotherapy. In addition, we describe the phenomenon of spontaneous regression in MCL patients who are asymptomatic and have low‐volume disease.
Dasatinib Plus Intensive Chemotherapy in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Philadelphia Chromosome–Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results of Children’s Oncology Group Trial AALL0622
Authors: Slayton William B. , Schultz Kirk R. , Kairalla John A. , Devidas Meenakshi , Mi Xinlei , Pulsipher Michael A. , Chang Bill H. , Mullighan Charles , Iacobucci Ilaria , Silverman Lewis B. , Borowitz Michael J. , Carroll Andrew J. , Heerema Nyla A. , Gastier-Foster Julie M. , Wood Brent L. , Mizrahy Sherri L. , Merchant Thomas , Brown Valerie I. , Sieger Lance , Siegel Marilyn J. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Winick Naomi J. , Loh Mignon L. , Carroll William L. , Hunger Stephen P.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Addition of imatinib to intensive chemotherapy improved survival for children and young adults with Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Compared with imatinib, dasatinib has increased potency, CNS penetration, and activity against imatinib-resistant clones.

Patients and Methods

Children’s Oncology Group (COG) trial AALL0622 (Bristol Myers Squibb trial CA180-204) tested safety and feasibility of adding dasatinib to intensive chemotherapy starting at induction day 15 in patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia age 1 to 30 years. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) was recommended for patients at high risk based on slow response and for those with a matched family donor regardless of response after at least 11 weeks of therapy. Patients at standard risk based on rapid response received chemotherapy plus dasatinib for an additional 120 weeks. Patients with overt CNS leukemia received cranial irradiation.

Results

Sixty eligible patients were enrolled. Five-year overall (OS) and event-free survival rates (± standard deviations [SD]) were 86% ± 5% and 60% ± 7% overall, 87% ± 5% and 61% ± 7% for standard-risk patients (n = 48; 19% underwent HSCT), and 89% ± 13% and 67% ± 19% for high-risk patients (n = 9; 89% underwent HSCT), respectively. Five-year cumulative incidence (± SD) of CNS relapse was 15% ± 6%. Outcomes (± SDs) were similar to those in COG AALL0031, which used the same chemotherapy with continuous imatinib: 5-year OS of 81% ± 6% versus 86% ± 5% ( P = .63) and 5-year disease-free survival of 68% ± 7% versus 60% ± 7% ( P = 0.31) for AALL0031 versus AALL0622, respectively. IKZF1 deletions, present in 56% of tested patients, were associated with significantly inferior OS and event-free survival overall and in standard-risk patients.

Conclusion

Dasatinib was well tolerated with chemotherapy and provided outcomes similar to those with imatinib in COG AALL0031, where all patients received cranial irradiation. Our results support limiting HSCT to slow responders and suggest a potential role for transplantation in rapid responders with IKZF1 deletions.
Evaluating the impact of survivorship models on health system resources and costs.
Authors: Mittmann Nicole , Beglaryan Hasmik , Liu Ning , Seung Soo Jin , Rahman Farah , Gilbert Julie , Ross Jillian , De Rossi Stephanie , Earle Craig , Grunfeld Eva , Sussman Jonathan
Published: May 2018

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Background: The provincial cancer agency in Ontario developed and implemented a model of care (MOC) for breast cancer (BC) survivors to transition from oncology-lead care to primary care in a publically funded health care environment (2010-2013). Transition options included direct to primary care and stepped transition. The objective of our study was to examine the health system resources used by the women in the MOC group and compare them to those used by women who did not transition. Methods: A propensity score matched, quasi-experimental approach was used to compare the healthcare resource utilization and costs between BC survivors in the MOC program (case) and those receiving usual care (control). All MOC cases were linked using unique identifiers and linked into the provincial health system databases. Cases and controls were matched 1:1 on year of diagnosis and location of care and were followed from an index date to the earliest of her death date, date of last contact in the database, one day before another cancer diagnosis or the end of study available databases. The primary study outcome was overall health system utilization and mean cost during the follow-up period. Results: There were 2324 women in the MOC program. Demographic information (age, region, stage) were well balanced between cases and controls. Transitioned cases had lower hospitalizations (20.1% vs. 24.4%, p<0.05), fewer cancer clinic visits (6.0% vs. 15.1%, p<0.05), fewer medical oncologist visits (0.39 vs. 1.29, p<0.05) and fewer diagnostics (CT, MRI, ultrasound, x-rays) over an average of 25 months of follow-up. There was a trend for fewer family practice (7.35 vs. 7.91, p=0.08) and internal medical and hematology visits (0.81 vs. 1.03, p=0.08). Annual emergency visits were similar between the two groups (0.76 vs. 0.82, p=0.2). There was a $4300 (2012 $CAN) difference in the mean annual cost between cases and controls. Conclusions: Survivors in the MOC transition program used fewer health system resources and had lower health system costs when compared to controls. These findings provide real world evidence to inform transition policies for cancer survivors.
Knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and practice of oncologists in promoting physical activity to cancer survivors: An international survey.
Authors: Hardcastle Sarah Jane , Kane Robert , Chivers Paola , Hince Dana , Dean Andrew , Cohen Paul Andrew
Published: May 2018

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Background: Few Survivors are meeting the American Cancer Society recommendations of 150-minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) per week. Despite patients' wishing to receive PA information from their oncologist, many do not receive PA guidance. Given that oncologists review their patients regularly and are perceived as authority figures, they are in a unique position to promote the uptake of durable PA. Future interventions that bypass the oncologist are unlikely to be scalable and hence there is a need to support oncologists to promote PA. The study aim was to investigate knowledge, attitudes, barriers and practices of oncologists toward PA in survivors, and the association between oncologists' own PA behaviour and PA promotion. Methods: Oncologists (n = 123) completed a survey based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Participants reported PA promotion behaviour, PA involvement, attitudes, intentions, social norm, perceived behavioural control (PBC), confidence and knowledge of exercise prescription. Structural equation modelling (SEM) evaluated these associations. Results: Less than half of oncologists reported regularly promoting PA to patients (46%). Only 26% were physically active. TPB SEM pathways explained 54.6% of the variance in PA promotion (CFI = 0.905, SRMR = 0.040). Social norm, was the only significant pathway to intention, but also a significant indirect pathway to PA promotion (p = .007). Confidence to promote PA, PBC and intentions were direct significant pathways to PA promotion (p < .05). Exploratory SEM pathways explained 19.6% of the variance in PA behaviour, which in turn explained 13.1% social norm, 10.7% attitude, 10.0% confidence and 17.8% PA promotion behaviour (CFI = 0.921, SRMR = 0.076). PA behaviour was a direct significant pathway to social norm, attitude, confidence, and PA promotion (p < .05). Conclusions: Oncologists reported a modest ability to promote PA, low PA promotion rates and limited knowledge of exercise prescription. Patient PA promotion may be improved through strategies that increase oncologists' PBC, confidence and their own personal PA participation.
Smoking cessation among cancer survivors: United States, 2015.
Authors: Gallaway Michael Shayne , Glover-Kudon Rebecca , Momin Behnoosh , Puckett Mary , Natasha Buchanan Lunsford , Ragan Kathleen , Rohan Elizabeth , Babb Stephen
Published: May 2018

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Background: The prevalence of smoking among persons with a history of cancer (cancer survivors) is similar to the general population. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the prevalence of specific smoking cessation behaviors among adult cancer survivors. Methods: Data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to examine the prevalence of smoking cessation behaviors (interest in quitting, recent quit attempt, advised to quit by a healthcare professional visited in the past year) and treatments (counseling, medication) among cancer survivors. Weighted self-reported prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and chi-square test statistics were used to assess between group differences. Results: The sample included 2,541 cancer survivors, of which 12% were current smokers, 37% were former smokers, and 51% were never smokers. Compared with former and never smokers, cancer survivors who were current smokers were younger (less than 65 years), less educated, and reported being uninsured or reported having Medicaid health insurance less often (p < 0.01). Fewer female cancer survivors reported being a former smoker than a current or never smoker. Most current smokers reported wanting to quit smoking (57%), a past year quit attempt (49%), or that a health professional advised them to quit smoking in the past 12 months (66%). Current smokers reported the use of smoking cessation counseling (8%), medication (38%), or either (41%). Conclusions: Approximately half of current smokers reported a recent quit attempt and more than half wanted to quit smoking. Less than 1 of 2 current smokers reported using any cessation assistance. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program supports increasing knowledge and availability of evidence-based tobacco cessation services among cancer survivors. Health professionals could consistently highlight the increased risks associated with continued smoking among cancer survivors, provide them with cessation counseling and/or medication, refer them to other free cessation resources, and inform them of cessation treatments covered by their health insurance. Population-level interventions may also be impactful.
Effects of a lymphedema prevention intervention on range of motion among women receiving lymph node dissection for breast cancer treatment (Alliance) CALGB 70305.
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Liu Heshan , Oliveri Jill , Seisler Drew K. , Schwartz Michael A , Le-Rademacher Jennifer , Sloan Jeff A. , Armer Jane M.
Published: May 2018

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Background: Lymph node dissection, axillary or sentinel, often results in restrictions of arm movement, including range of motion (ROM), either temporarily or permanently. The objective of this secondary analysis was to determine if a lymphedema (LE) prevention program would also impact ROM in both the affected arm as well as the unaffected arm. Methods: As part of the Lymphedema Education and Prevention study (CALGB 70305), women from participating sites (N=41) were randomized to either the “education only” (n=253) arm (information about LE signs and symptoms and risk reduction strategies) or “education + exercise” (n=315) arm (education plus arm stretching and breathing exercises and a visit with a physical therapist). Self-administered surveys asking for how high the patient can reach with each arm at pre-surgery, 12 and 18 months after surgery were used to assess self-reports of ROM for each arm (5 categories in total: very little, about half, nearly full, overhead, and full). Differences in ROM between study groups for each arm were compared using chi-square tests before surgery, and 12 and 18 months after surgery. Results: Before surgery, women in the “education + exercise” group were less likely to report full ROM for both arms (left: 58% vs 75%; right: 57% vs 76%; p=0.0004 for both arms) compared to women in the “education only” group, while at 12 months, women in the “education + exercise” group reported greater ROM (left: 91% vs 84% p=0.16; right: 90% vs 83%; p=0.02) compared to women in the “education only” group. By 18 months, both groups approached 93% with full ROM for both arms. Conclusions: Women who participated in a LE prevention intervention that included exercise and a visit to a physical therapist regained full ROM in both arms sooner than women who did not receive the exercise intervention. All women receiving lymph node dissection should receive physical therapy to regain ROM quickly after surgery and to help maintain physical functioning. Support: UG1CA189823, UG1CA189817, UG1CA189819, U10CA180790, U10CA180836, U10CA180850, and UL1TR001409; Clinical trial information: NCT00376597.