bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the nexus between real income, renewable energy consumption, and environmental sustainability on life expectancy for BRICS‐T countries: Accessing evidence from quantile regression
Authors: Dam Mehmet M. , Kaya Funda , Bekun Festus V.
Published: October 2023

This study is aimed at establishing the impact of real income, renewable energy consumption, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission on life expectancy for annual frequency data from 1990 to 2019 for BRICS‐T (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkiye) economies. In addition, the effects of real income, renewable energy consumption, and life expectancy on CO2 emissions are given by establishing a second model. To this end, different econometric approaches such as fixed effects model, random effects model, panel quantile regression, and the Dumitrescu and Hurlin panel causality test were used. We found in our empirical evidence that renewable energy consumption and real income positively affect life expectancy. At the same time, it was seen that real income has a positive effect on CO2 emissions, but renewable energy consumption has a negative effect. According to the panel quantile regression analysis results, while the effect of income on life expectancy is similar to other estimation results, that of renewable energy consumption is different. However, the effect of renewable energy consumption and real income on CO2 emissions is similar to other estimation results. The findings of the study show that policy makers need to promote renewable energy in order to extend life expectancy which is an important determinant of economic growth.
The neglect of nonnative orthopterans as potential invaders: A call for awareness
Authors: Kulessa Anna K. , Balzani Paride , Soto Ismael , Kouba Antonín , Renault David , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Haubrock Phillip J.
Published: October 2023

Despite the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species, there is a dearth of data on the presence, impacts, and management implications of potentially invasive Orthoptera species. This lack of research and inconsistent data, including risk screenings and impact assessments, is especially evident in Europe. Consequently, assessing the status, distribution, and potential threats of nonnative Orthoptera in Europe remains challenging, impeding the development of effective management strategies. To address this gap, we call for increased efforts to collect and curate data on non‐native and possibly invasive Orthoptera in Europe. Such efforts will improve our understanding of this order's invasion dynamics, facilitate the identification of priority areas for conservation, and support the development of effective management policies and preventive measures.
Bacterial plant pathogens affect the locomotor behavior of the insect vector: a case study of Citrus volkameriana–Triozae erytreae–Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus system
Authors: Ameline Arnaud , Karkach Alain , Denoirjean Thomas , Grondin Martial , Molinari Florencia , Turpin Patrick , Delatte Hélène , Reynaud Bernard
Published: October 2023

Plant pathogens can alter the behavior of their insect vectors as well as their survival and reproduction. The African psyllid, Trioza erytreae, is one of the vectors of Huanglongbing, a citrus disease caused mainly by “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas). The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of CLas on the psyllid, T. erytreae using Citrus volkamerina plants as the study system. The study focused more specifically on the CLas effects prior to and after its acquisition by the psyllid T. erytreae. Our results did not support the hypothesis that CLas effects psyllid probing behavior prior to acquisition; few differences were observed between uninfected T. erytrea feeding on CLas‐infected versus control plants. On the other hand, compared to psyllids that had completed their development on control plants, the ones that had completed their development on a CLas‐infected plant exhibited changes in their behavior (greater velocity), physiology (smaller mass) and biochemistry (lower water and lipid content). Altogether, our results confirm the existence of a marked postacquisition effect on the vector locomotor behavior and a minor preacquisition effect of CLas on the vector behavior, which can be partially explained by physiological and biochemical changes.
“I knew it was a scam”: Understanding the triggers for recognizing romance fraud
Authors: Cross Cassandra
Published: October 2023

Research Summary

This article investigates the contributing factors (or triggers) to a realization of romance fraud victimization, based on 1015 reports lodged with Scamwatch (Australian online reporting portal for fraud) between July 2018 and July 2019 (inclusive). The article examines the free text narrative of each report to propose five discernible trigger categories: further requests for money; characteristics of communications; verification checks; an offender's action(s); and being told by a third party.

Policy Implications

Based on a comprehensive understanding of these five categories, the article advocates for broader messaging approaches to encompass financial literacy and well‐being, cyberliteracy and critical thinking skills, cybersecurity practices, and respectful and healthy relationships. Leveraging the use of these wider education and awareness campaigns could improve recognition of romance fraud. Importantly, it is suggested that banks and other financial institutions are in a strong position to focus their efforts on some of these broader messages to effect positive change.
The male's scent triggered a neural response in females despite ambiguous behavioral response in Asian house rats
Authors: WANG Weichao , GE Jingru , ZHANG Yaohua , ZHANG Jianxu
Published: October 2023

Pheromones and olfactory communication play vital roles in sex recognition and mate choice in rodents. Asian house rats (Rattus tanezumi) (RT) often startle easily, making behavioral measurements difficult to carry out accurately in the laboratory. Here, the behavioral and olfactory preferences of the female RT between males and females were not observed using a conventional two‐choice device; we then explored the neuro‐immunohistochemical evidence in the brains of RT females. We found that male urine elicited significantly higher c‐fos expression in the accessory olfactory system and sex‐related brain regions in females than female urine did. On the other hand, the differences of volatile compounds and major urinary proteins (MUPs) in both voided urine and preputial glands (PGs) of the RT were detected using gas chromatography–mass spectrometer, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, and liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We found that PG‐derived 1‐(4,5‐dihydro‐2‐thiazolyl)‐ethanone and total MUPs were more abundant in males versus females, suggesting these sexually divergent components might activate the female's accessory olfactory system. In conclusion, the neuro‐immunohistochemical evidence indicated that potential sex pheromones might exist in RT; however, the strength of the chemical signal might be too weak to cause behavioral responses in females.
Regulatory and pathogenic mechanisms in response to iron deficiency and excess in fungi
Authors: Pijuan Jordi , Moreno David F. , Yahya Galal , Moisa Mihaela , Ul Haq Ihtisham , Krukiewicz Katarzyna , Mosbah Rasha , Metwally Kamel , Cavalu Simona
Published: October 2023

Iron is an essential element for all eukaryote organisms because of its redox properties, which are important for many biological processes such as DNA synthesis, mitochondrial respiration, oxygen transport, lipid, and carbon metabolism. For this reason, living organisms have developed different strategies and mechanisms to optimally regulate iron acquisition, transport, storage, and uptake in different environmental responses. Moreover, iron plays an essential role during microbial infections. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been of key importance for decrypting iron homeostasis and regulation mechanisms in eukaryotes. Specifically, the transcription factors Aft1/Aft2 and Yap5 regulate the expression of genes to control iron metabolism in response to its deficiency or excess, adapting to the cell's iron requirements and its availability in the environment. We also review which iron‐related virulence factors have the most common fungal human pathogens (Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans). These factors are essential for adaptation in different host niches during pathogenesis, including different fungal‐specific iron‐uptake mechanisms. While being necessary for virulence, they provide hope for developing novel antifungal treatments, which are currently scarce and usually toxic for patients. In this review, we provide a compilation of the current knowledge about the metabolic response to iron deficiency and excess in fungi.
tdsa: An R package for time‐dependent sensitivity analysis
Authors: Ng Wee Hao , Myers Christopher R. , McArt Scott H. , Ellner Stephen P.
Published: October 2023

Sensitivity analysis of ecological and epidemiological models is often used to identify the best targets of opportunity for control or management, for example, which subpopulations should be prioritised for vaccination or protection. However, effectiveness of a management action depends not just on which system component is targeted but also on when an action is taken. Traditional methods of model sensitivity analysis apply to time‐invariant parameter perturbations, which limits their ability to address questions about the timing of management interventions. A semianalytic method for performing time‐dependent sensitivity analysis (TDSA) has been recently introduced to address this need (Ng et al., in press). However, some of the steps typically require substantial time and effort.

We have developed an R package, tdsa, that automates all steps required for TDSA by using numerical rather than analytic differentiation of model terms to evaluate the sensitivity equations. By avoiding analytic differentiation, the package substantially reduces user effort and risk of human error and increases the generality of TDSA by making it possible to analyse nonparametric or equation‐free models.

The results of TDSA may be sensitive to assumptions of the system model. By reducing the effort needed to perform TDSA, the tdsa package facilitates comparison of results under different model assumptions, hence allowing for more robust conclusions. We illustrate this using an example involving the transmission of Morogoro virus in the Natal multimammate mouse, under different assumptions about how the contact rate depends on mouse population density.

By automating most of the mathematical and programming steps of the semianalytical approach, the tdsa package makes TDSA accessible to a wide range of users with varying quantitative expertise.
Use of 31P magnetisation transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure ATP changes after 670 nm transcranial photobiomodulation in older adults
Authors: Fear Elizabeth J. , Torkelsen Frida H. , Zamboni Elisa , Chen Kuan‐Ju , Scott Martin , Jeffery Glenn , Baseler Heidi , Kennerley Aneurin J.
Published: October 2023

Mitochondrial function declines with age, and many pathological processes in neurodegenerative diseases stem from this dysfunction when mitochondria fail to produce the necessary energy required. Photobiomodulation (PBM), long‐wavelength light therapy, has been shown to rescue mitochondrial function in animal models and improve human health, but clinical uptake is limited due to uncertainty around efficacy and the mechanisms responsible. Using 31P magnetisation transfer magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MT‐MRS) we quantify, for the first time, the effects of 670 nm PBM treatment on healthy ageing human brains. We find a significant increase in the rate of ATP synthase flux in the brain after PBM in a cohort of older adults. Our study provides initial evidence of PBM therapeutic efficacy for improving mitochondrial function and restoring ATP flux with age, but recognises that wider studies are now required to confirm any resultant cognitive benefits.
Biomarkers of cellular senescence and risk of death in humans
Authors: St. Sauver Jennifer L. , Weston Susan A. , Atkinson Elizabeth J. , Mc Gree Michaela E. , Mielke Michelle M. , White Thomas A. , Heeren Amanda A. , Olson Janet E. , Rocca Walter A. , Palmer Allyson K. , Cummings Steven R. , Fielding Roger A. , Bielinski Suzette J. , LeBrasseur Nathan K.
Published: October 2023

A robust and heterogenous secretory phenotype is a core feature of most senescent cells. In addition to mediators of age‐related pathology, components of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have been studied as biomarkers of senescent cell burden and, in turn, biological age. Therefore, we hypothesized that circulating concentrations of candidate senescence biomarkers, including chemokines, cytokines, matrix remodeling proteins, and growth factors, could predict mortality in older adults. We assessed associations between plasma levels of 28 SASP proteins and risk of mortality over a median follow‐up of 6.3 years in 1923 patients 65 years of age or older with zero or one chronic condition at baseline. Overall, the five senescence biomarkers most strongly associated with an increased risk of death were GDF15, RAGE, VEGFA, PARC, and MMP2, after adjusting for age, sex, race, and the presence of one chronic condition. The combination of biomarkers and clinical and demographic covariates exhibited a significantly higher c‐statistic for risk of death (0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76–0.82) than the covariates alone (0.70, CI: 0.67–0.74) (p < 0.001). Collectively, these findings lend further support to biomarkers of cellular senescence as informative predictors of clinically important health outcomes in older adults, including death.
Problem‐solving of the cylinder, tile and lever tasks by wild animals in Dryandra National Park, Western Australia
Authors: Rowell Misha K. , Harrison Natasha
Published: October 2023

Problem‐solving is an important ability that allows animals to overcome environmental challenges. As such, it is a useful measure of behavioural flexibility and could be beneficial for conservation work. However, there is currently little known about the solving abilities of many Australian species, despite the high threat of environmental degradation and loss that they face. We therefore measured the problem‐solving abilities of native Australian species living in the Dryandra National Park, Western Australia using food‐baited puzzles (cylinder task, tile task and lever task) placed in front of camera traps. We recorded 12 species on cameras, with 10 species interacting with at least one puzzle. Of these species, woylies and koomal solved all tasks across multiple sites and using multiple behaviours, suggesting that they may be capable of adapting to novel conditions or environments. We also recorded a chuditch solving the tile task at one site. Regardless of species and puzzle type, animals had a higher chance of solving puzzles with increasing interactions. Our results document the first occurrence of problem‐solving in woylies and chuditch, and highlight the potential for problem‐solving measures to be incorporated into conservation management.
Implications of Deglobalization on Energy and Carbon Neutrality in Asia and the Pacific Region
Authors: Arimura Toshi H. , Sugino Makoto
Published: October 2023

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C urged the world to move toward carbon neutrality (CN). Following the announcement by European countries of their CN target by 2050, Japan, South Korea, and the USA announced their CN targets by 2050. However, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has divided the world and drastically changed energy markets, including natural gas. Moreover, the EU is now implementing controversial policies on carbon border adjustment mechanisms which may impose a heavier burden on developing countries. This study discusses how global divisions may influence energy strategies and climate policy for various Asian countries.
Silvopastoral systems benefit invertebrate biodiversity on tropical livestock farms in Caquetá, Colombia
Authors: Kinneen Lois , Escobar María Paula , Hernandez Luis Miguel , Thompson Jill , Ramos‐Pastrana Yardany , Córdoba‐Suarez Eric , Romero‐Sanchez Miguel , Barnes Andrew , Quintero Marcela , Garratt Michael P. D.
Published: October 2023

In the Colombian Amazon, there has been long‐term and sustained loss of primary forest threatening biodiversity and climate change mitigation. Silvopastoral practices that integrate trees into livestock production could help address both local economic and wider environmental challenges.

We aimed to assess the effects of silvopastoral practices on invertebrate communities on smallholder farms in Caquetá, Colombia. Using sweep nets and malaise trapping, invertebrate communities were compared between traditional pasture, silvopasture and forest edge habitats.

Invertebrate communities collected using sweep nets were contrasting among habitat types, communities were significantly different between traditional pasture and forest edge habitats and diversity and evenness were greatest in forest edges compared to traditional pastures. It appears that silvopasture areas, by supporting similar invertebrate assemblages to both traditional pasture and forest edges, may be acting as an intermediate habitat.

When individual invertebrate orders were compared, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera were found in greater abundance in the forest edge habitats, while Hemiptera were more abundant in traditional pasture. Hemipterans are often pests of forage plants in pasture systems and these differences in abundance may have implications for ecosystem services and disservices.

Silvopastoral approaches cannot replace the unique biodiversity supported by native forests but could deliver benefits for invertebrate conservation and ecosystem services if integrated into landscapes.
Marijuana use disorder among adults with functional disabilities—A US population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Xie Zhigang , Stallings‐Smith Sericea , Stetten Nichole , Hamadi Hanadi Y. , Marlow Nicole M.
Published: October 2023

Background and Objectives

Recent studies suggest a growing trend in marijuana use, compared to a stable prevalence of marijuana use disorder among US adults over the first 15 years of the 21st century. This study investigated the recent patterns of marijuana use disorder among people with disabilities (PWD).

Methods

We extracted a nationally representative sample (N = 209,058) from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data set and examined associations by functional disability status (any disability, disability by type, and number of disabling limitations) with marijuana use disorder using a series of independent multivariable logistic regression models. We also performed trend analyses during the study period.

Results

The prevalence of marijuana use disorder (from 1.7% to 2.3%) increased significantly among PWD between 2015 and 2019 (p‐trend < .001). PWD were significantly more likely to report marijuana use disorder (odds ratio [OR], 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24–1.52) than people without disability (PWoD). Those with cognitive limitation only (OR, 1.78, 95% CI, 1.53–2.06) and ≥2 limitations (OR, 1.29, 95% CI, 1.10–1.51) were more likely to report marijuana use disorder than PWoD.

Discussion and Conclusions

PWD had a consistently higher prevalence of marijuana use disorder than PWoD. Additionally, the level of risk for marijuana use disorder varied by disability type and number of disabling limitations.

Scientific Significance

Our study provided new nuance on disparities in marijuana use disorder between PWD and PWoD and further revealed the varied risks for marijuana use disorder across different disability statuses.
Transforming aged care with virtual reality: How organisational culture impacts technology adoption and sustained uptake
Authors: Miller Evonne , Wilding Raelene , Baker Steven , Caldwell Glenda A. , Neves Barbara B. , Waycott Jenny
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Virtual reality (VR) is not a common leisure activity in aged care, despite pilot studies demonstrating its value as a tool to combat inactivity and loneliness. This study investigated the organisational enablers and barriers to sustained uptake of VR among aged care staff and organisations, who may lack familiarity or confidence with the technology.

Methods

Creative methods were adopted to co‐design and develop a VR implementation toolkit tailored specifically for aged care staff. Three aged care homes in South‐East Queensland participated, with 15 residents and seven staff engaging in up to four VR sessions facilitated by the research team. Participant observation of the VR sessions was complemented by interviews with aged care staff and residents.

Results

Guided by Normalisation Process Theory, a reflexive thematic analysis identified four key themes: (1) Positively Appreciating the VR Experience, (2) Staff VR Champions and the Importance of Personal Use and Experimentation with VR, (3) Management Support and (4) Technical Challenges.

Conclusions

Our results indicate benefits and challenges of VR use in aged care, offering valuable insights into the factors that can lead to the long‐term success of VR‐based leisure activities for aged care. Providing time and resources for a VR champion to experiment and learn about the technology is critical. The development of an online implementation toolkit, based on our learning from this project, also provides aged care stakeholders with the evidence‐based resources needed to ensure the successful implementation of VR‐based leisure programs.
Different airborne particulates trigger distinct immune pathways leading to peanut allergy in a mouse model
Authors: Immormino Robert M. , Smeekens Johanna M. , Mathai Priscilla I. , Clough Katelyn M. , Nguyen Jackqueline T. , Ghio Andrew J. , Cook Donald N. , Kulis Michael D. , Moran Timothy P.
Published: October 2023

Background

Environmental exposure to peanut through non‐oral routes is a risk factor for peanut allergy. Early‐life exposure to air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), is associated with sensitization to foods through unknown mechanisms. We investigated whether PM promotes sensitization to environmental peanut and the development of peanut allergy in a mouse model.

Methods

C57BL/6J mice were co‐exposed to peanut and either urban particulate matter (UPM) or diesel exhaust particles (DEP) via the airways and assessed for peanut sensitization and development of anaphylaxis following peanut challenge. Peanut‐specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cell responses were characterized by flow cytometry and Th cytokine production. Mice lacking select innate immune signaling genes were used to study mechanisms of PM‐induced peanut allergy.

Results

Airway co‐exposure to peanut and either UPM‐ or DEP‐induced systemic sensitization to peanut and anaphylaxis following peanut challenge. Exposure to UPM or DEP triggered activation and migration of lung dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes and induction of peanut‐specific CD4+ Th cells. UPM‐ and DEP‐induced distinct Th responses, but both stimulated expansion of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells essential for peanut allergy development. MyD88 signaling was critical for UPM‐ and DEP‐induced peanut allergy, whereas TLR4 signaling was dispensable. DEP‐induced peanut allergy and Tfh‐cell differentiation depended on IL‐1 but not IL‐33 signaling, whereas neither cytokine alone was necessary for UPM‐mediated sensitization.

Conclusion

Environmental co‐exposure to peanut and PM induces peanut‐specific Tfh cells and peanut allergy in mice.
Vasovasostomy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing macroscopic, microsurgical, and robot‐assisted microsurgical techniques
Authors: Seth Ishith , Gibson Damien , Bulloch Gabriella , Joseph Konrad , Cevik Jevan , Qin Kirby R. , Shahbaz Shekib , Rozen Warren M.
Published: October 2023

Background and objectives

Vasovasostomy is a cost‐effective procedure for the reversal of vasectomy. A water‐tight adequately blood‐supplied mucosal anastomosis is required for better outcomes. This review aimed to compare the outcome of vasovasostomy performed by three different techniques: macroscopic, pure microsurgical, and robot‐assisted microsurgical techniques.

Methods

Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched for relevant studies from January 1901 to June 2023. We conducted our quantitative syntheses using the inverse variance method in OpenMeta software. The study's protocol was registered on PROSPERO.

Results

This review involved 95 studies of different designs, with a total sample size of 48,132. The majority of operations were performed bilaterally, and participants were monitored for up to 10 years. The pooled patency rate was the highest following robot‐assisted vasovasostomy (94.4%), followed by pure microsurgical vasovasostomy (87.5%), and macroscopic vasovasostomy (83.7%). The pooled pregnancy rate following purely microsurgical vasovasostomy was higher than that of macroscopic vasovasostomy (47.4 vs. 43.7%). Definitive pregnancy rates in robotic vasovasostomy are yet to be determined.

Conclusion

Patency outcomes for vasovasostomy were best with robot‐assisted microsurgical technique, followed by pure microsurgical technique, and conventional macroscopic technique. Further investigations of robot‐assisted microsurgical vasovasostomy outcomes and randomized control trials are required to support this evidence.
Foregoing elective neck dissection for elderly patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tsur Nir , Yosefof Eyal , Dudkiewicz Dean , Edri Nofar , Stern Sagit , Shpitzer Thomas , Mizrachi Aviram , Najjar Esmat
Published: October 2023

Objective

Elective neck dissection (END) improves outcomes among clinically node‐negative patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). However, END is of questionable value, considering the potentially higher comorbidities and operative risks in elderly patients.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients older than 65 years of age who were treated for OCSCC at a tertiary care centre between 2005 and 2020 was conducted.

Results

Fifty‐three patients underwent primary tumour resection alone, and 71 had simultaneous END. Most primary tumours were located on the mobile tongue. The patients who did not undergo END had a higher mean age (81.2 vs. 75.1 years, P < 0.00001), significantly shorter surgeries, and shorter hospitalizations. Occult cervical metastases were found in 24% of the patients who underwent END. The two groups showed no significant differences in overall survival or recurrence rates. Similar results were shown in a subpopulation analysis of patients older than 75 years.

Conclusion

Foregoing END in elderly patients with no clinical evidence of neck metastases did not result in lower survival rates or higher recurrence rates.
Retinal main vessel calibers and systemic markers for long‐term development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Dinesen Sebastian , Stokholm Lonny , Subhi Yousif , Henriksen Jan Erik , Savarimuthu Thiusius Rajeeth , Peto Tunde , Grauslund Jakob
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To evaluate if retinal vascular calibers and systemic risk factors in patients with no or minimal diabetic retinopathy (DR) can predict risk of long‐term progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods

This was a matched case–control study of patients with diabetes having no or minimal DR at baseline with (cases) or without (controls) subsequent development of PDR. We collected six‐field, 45‐degree retinal images, demographic and clinical data from the Funen Diabetes Database.

Results

We included 52 eyes from 39 cases and 107 eyes from 89 controls matched on sex, age, type of diabetes, time from first to last screening episode and baseline DR level. Cases had higher HbA1c (73 vs. 55 mmoL/moL; p < 0.001), triglycerides (1.32 vs. 1.16 mmoL/L; p = 0.02) and longer duration of diabetes (19 vs. 14 years; p = 0.01), but the groups did not differ in calibers of retinal arterioles (229 vs. 227 μm; p = 0.49), venules (289 vs. 290 μm; p = 0.83) or the arterio‐to‐venule ratio (0.78 vs. 0.77; p = 0.86).In a multivariable logistic regression model with cluster robust standard error, HbA1c (OR 1.54 per 10 mmoL/moL; 95%‐CI: 1.15–2.07; p = 0.004), triglyceride (OR 1.39 per 1 mmoL/L; 95%‐CI: 1.03–1.86; p = 0.03) and duration of diabetes (OR 1.09 per year; 95%‐CI: 1.03–1.16; p = 0.003) were independent risk factors for PDR.

Conclusion

Retinal vascular calibers did not predict long‐term development of PDR in contrast to well‐established risk factors like HbA1c, triglyceride and duration of diabetes.
The permeation of loneliness into the workplace: An examination of robustness and persistence over time
Authors: Lowman Graham H. , Kessler Stacey R. , Pindek Shani
Published: October 2023

The experience of loneliness has become ubiquitous in society today. However, despite the prevalence and considerable effects of loneliness, research on how this societal issue relates to the workplace remains limited. To address this shortcoming, we propose that loneliness is a permeating force that has a robust and persistent negative effect on employees' job satisfaction. We test our proposition using a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 627 Dutch employees surveyed each year between 2016 and 2018. Results of latent growth modeling indicate that loneliness is negatively related to job satisfaction, offering support for loneliness as a permeating force. Further, the effect of loneliness on job satisfaction remains significant despite controlling for well‐established predictors of job satisfaction found in the Jobs‐Demand Resource model (i.e., robustness) and has a significant influence on the trajectory of employees' job satisfaction over several years (i.e., persistence). On the basis of these results, we make the theoretical contribution of proposing that loneliness is a permeating force that infiltrates individuals' experiences at work. We further argue that the ramifications of loneliness on employees, and subsequently the organizations that employ them, are likely far more significant, sustained, and irrespective of work characteristics than previously understood.
Evidence‐based guidelines for intrapartum maternal hydration assessment and management: A scoping review
Authors: Kearney Lauren , Craswell Alison , Dick Nellie , Massey Debbie , Nugent Rachael
Published: October 2023

Problem

Inconsistent practice relating to intrapartum hydration assessment and management is reported, and potential harm exists for laboring women and birthing persons.

Background

Labor and birth are physically demanding, and adequate nutrition and hydration are essential for labor progress. A lack of clear consensus on intrapartum hydration assessment and management during labor and birth currently exists. In addition, there is an inconsistent approach to managing hydration, often including a mixture of intravenous and oral fluids that are poorly monitored.

Aim

The aim of this scoping review was to identify and collate evidence‐based guidelines for intrapartum hydration assessment and management of maternal hydration during labor and birth.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched, in addition to professional college association websites. Inclusion criteria were intrapartum clinical guidelines in English, published in the last 10 years.

Findings

Despite searching all appropriate databases in maternity care, we were unable to identify evidence‐based guidelines specific to hydration assessment and management, therefore resulting in an “empty review.” A subsequent review of general intrapartum care guidelines was undertaken. Our adapted review identified 12 guidelines, seven of which referenced the assessment and management of maternal hydration during labor and birth. Three guidelines recommend that “low‐risk” women in spontaneous labor at term should hold determination over what they ingest in labor. No recommendations with respect to assessment and management of hydration for women undergoing induction of labor were found.

Discussion

Despite the increasing use of intravenous fluid as an adjunct to oral intake to maintain maternal intrapartum hydration, there is limited evidence and, subsequently, guidelines to determine best practice in this area. How hydration is assessed was also largely absent from general intrapartum care guidelines, further perpetuating potential clinical variation in this area.

Conclusion

There is an absence of guidelines specific to the assessment and management of maternal hydration during labor and birth, despite its importance in ensuring labor progress and safe care.
Labor unit culture and attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth—The Swedish version of the labor culture survey (S‐LCS)—Psychometric properties
Authors: Ängeby Karin , VanGompel Emily White , Johansson Kari , Edqvist Malin
Published: October 2023

Background

In order to evaluate interventions aimed at reducing cesarean births, care practitioners’ attitudes are important to measure. The Labor Culture Survey (LCS) is a scale that measures individual and unit attitudes towards supporting vaginal birth. As no equivalent scale exists in Sweden, the aim was to translate, adapt, and validate the LCS and to investigate whether there were differences in attitudes toward supporting vaginal birth between maternity care practitioners.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study including midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants working with intrapartum care in five labor wards in Sweden. The original LCS was translated into Swedish, and six context‐specific items were developed for the Swedish setting (SLCS). The translation was tested for face validity. Psychometric analysis was conducted using exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis, parallel analysis, and principal axis factoring. Reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha. One‐way ANOVA and Tukey HSD were calculated to analyze differences in attitudes between professions on the subscales of the S‐LCS.

Results

A total of 539 midwives, physicians, and nurse assistants participated. The final S‐LCS showed a five‐factor solution with the following subscales: Best Practices to reduce cesarean overuse, Unpredictability of vaginal birth, Unit Microculture, Maternal Agency, and Organizational Oversight. Chronbach alpha values varied from 0.60 to 0.83. Midwives were more supportive towards vaginal birth and less fearful of potential consequences of vaginal birth compared with physicians.

Conclusions

The S‐LCS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties for use in Swedish maternity care. Further work to improve the scale should include additional items reflecting the subscale Maternal Agency.
Study of platelet kinetics in immune thrombocytopenia to predict splenectomy response
Authors: Mendoza Ana , Álvarez‐Román María Teresa , Monzón‐Manzano Elena , Acuña Paula , Arias‐Salgado Elena G. , Rivas‐Pollmar Isabel , Martín‐Salces Mónica , Martínez de Miguel Bárbara , Martínez Montalbán Elena , Jiménez‐Yuste Víctor , Butta Nora
Published: October 2023

Despite the efficacy of splenectomy for chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), its considerable failure rate and its possible related complications prove the need for further research into potential predictors of response. The platelet sequestration site determined by 111In‐labelled autologous platelet scintigraphy has been proposed to predict splenectomy outcome, but without standardisation in clinical practice. Here, we conducted a single‐centre study by analysing a cohort of splenectomised patients with ITP in whom 111In‐scintigraphy was performed at La Paz University Hospital in Madrid to evaluate the predictive value of the platelet kinetic studies. We also studied other factors that could impact the splenectomy outcome, such as patient and platelet characteristics. A total of 51 patients were splenectomised, and 82.3% responded. The splenic sequestration pattern predicted a higher rate of complete response up to 12 months after splenectomy (p = 0.005), with 90% sensitivity and 77% specificity. Neither age, comorbidities, therapy lines nor previous response to them showed any association with response. Results from the platelet characteristics analysis revealed a significant loss of sialic acid in platelets from the non‐responding patients compared with those who maintained a response (p = 0.0017). Our findings highlight the value of splenic sequestration as an independent predictor of splenectomy response.
Performing Contested Lands: Conservation and the Conflictive Enactments of Indigenous Territoriality in Lowland Ecuador
Authors: Krøijer Stine
Published: October 2023

Through four tableaux, this article explores the historical efforts of the Siekopai (Secoya) people to claim territorial rights over Pëekë'ya—an area of black water lagoons and flooded forests on the border between Peru and Ecuador—and unfolds their various enactments of land through performative acts of contestation and collaboration. By emulating shamanic thoughts about the wetland as a transition zone between villages and worlds, the tableaux as form represent a rethinking of land as multiple and partially overlapping realities where shifting territorial and conservation management regimes never result in stable environmental subjectivities.
Sedimentary evidence of the Late Holocene tsunami in the Shetland Islands (UK) at Loch Flugarth, northern Mainland
Authors: Engel Max , Hess Katharina , Dawson Sue , Patel Tasnim , Koutsodendris Andreas , Vakhrameeva Polina , Klemt Eckehard , Kempf Philipp , Schön Isa , Heyvaert Vanessa M. A.
Published: October 2023

Tsunami deposits around the North Sea basin are needed to assess the long‐term hazard of tsunamis. Here, we present sedimentary evidence of the youngest tsunami on the Shetland Islands from Loch Flugarth, a coastal lake on northern Mainland. Three gravity cores show organic‐rich background sedimentation with many sub‐centimetre‐scale sand layers, reflecting recurring storm overwash and a sediment source limited to the active beach and uppermost subtidal zone. A basal 13‐cm‐thick sand layer, dated to 426–787 cal. a CE based on 14C, 137Cs and Bayesian age–depth modelling, was found in all cores. High‐resolution grain‐size analysis identified four normally graded or massive sublayers with inversely graded traction carpets at the base of two sublayers. A thin organic‐rich ‘mud’ drape and a ‘mud’ cap cover the two uppermost sublayers, which also contain small rip‐up clasts. Grain‐size distributions show a difference between the basal sand layer and the coarser and better sorted storm layers above. Multivariate statistical analysis of X‐ray fluorescence core scanning data also distinguishes both sand units: Zr, Fe and Ti dominate the thick basal sand, while the thin storm layers are high in K and Si. Enriched Zr and Ti in the basal sand layer, in combination with increased magnetic susceptibility, may be related to higher heavy mineral content reflecting an additional marine sediment source below the storm‐wave base that is activated by a tsunami. Based on reinterpretation of chronological data from two different published sites and the chronostratigraphy of the present study, the tsunami seems to date to c. 1400 cal. a BP. Although the source of the tsunami remains unclear, the lack of evidence for this event outside of the Shetland Islands suggests that it had a local source and was smaller than the older Storegga tsunami (8.15 cal. ka BP), which affected most of the North Sea basin.
Late Permian‐Early Triassic intracontinental tectonic inversion in the Junggar Basin, NW China: New insights from detrital zircon geochronology and seismic reflection data
Authors: Tang Wenbin , Pan Songqi , Pe‐Piper Georgia , Piper David J. W. , Zhang Yuanyuan , Guo Zhaojie , Tang Yong , Tang Wenqiang
Published: October 2023

The Junggar Basin is located on the southwestern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Whether the Late Permian‐Early Triassic tectonic inversion there recorded the final closure of the North Tianshan Ocean or post‐accretionary intracontinental deformation remains controversial. Linking the structural style and provenance analysis of the western and northern margins of the Junggar Basin can provide a better understanding of this tectonic event and its geodynamic mechanisms. Seismic reflection profiles show that Early Permian syn‐rift half‐grabens were followed by the Middle Permian thermal sag, which is characterized by regional onlap and the migration of the depocentre to the centre of the basin. Together with the published isopach and palaeogeography maps in the western margin of the Junggar Basin, the seismic profiles demonstrate that the reactivation of the Ke‐Bai and Wu‐Xia dextral transpressive fault zones between the West Junggar terrane and the Mahu sag controlled the tilting and deformation of pre‐Permian strata and the distribution of Late Permian‐Early Triassic fan deltas. The reported igneous and sedimentological evidence indicates that the southern margin of the Junggar Basin was a rift basin controlled by transtensional strike‐slip faults in the Early Permian, and also was followed by a Middle Permian thermal sag. Quantitative provenance analysis using detrital zircon geochronology and the DZmix program shows that the West Junggar terrane and Tianshan orogenic belts experienced varied uplift, indicative of a transition from the Middle Permian thermal sag peneplanation to the Late Permian‐Early Triassic tectonic inversion involving reactivation of Early Permian normal faults. This intracontinental deformation event in the Junggar Basin was taken up by block counterclockwise rotation during the final amalgamation of the Pangea, which may be the long‐range effect of the final closure of Paleo‐Asia Ocean in the eastern part of the CAOB.
Next‐generation sequencing of uveal melanoma with clinical and histological correlations: Prognostic value of new mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Pérez‐Pérez Manuel , Agostino Alessandro , de Sola‐Llamas Carmen García , Ruvolo Michael , Vilches‐Arenas Angel , Relimpio‐López M. Isabel , Espejo‐Arjona Francisco , Macías‐García Laura , De Miguel‐Rodríguez Manuel , García‐Escudero Antonio , Idoate Miguel A. , Ríos‐Martín Juan J.
Published: October 2023

Background

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the eye's most common primary malignancy and there are no effective therapies for disseminated disease. It is important to try to know the patient's prognosis. The aim of this study was to reflect genetic variants, studied using NGS, of a series of 69 cases of UM and its correlation with histopathology and clinical progression.

Methods

We performed targeted NGS using a 519‐gene panel.

Results

There were selected 28 different mutated genes, showing a total of 231 genetic variants that affected the function of the protein. The most common secondary mutations occurred in SF3B1 (in 26%), followed by BAP1 (in 23%), LRP1B (22%) and FGFR4 (20%). BAP1 mutation was associated with a greater likelihood of metastases and with greater presence of epithelioid cells. LRP1B was also associated with presence of epithelioid cells SF3B1 mutation was significantly associated with a spindle morphology. We found variants in the RAD51B, TOP2A, PTPRD, TSC2, DHX9, PDK1 and MTOR that have not been previously reported in consulted databases. The presence of a mutation in: CHEK2, DHX9 and PDK1 was associated with metastases.

Conclusions

BAP1 is the most solid biomarker of a poor prognosis in UM and mutations can be detected using NGS. SF3B1 is associated with the spindle cell subtype of UM, which gives it probably a favourable prognostic value. Our study suggests that mutations in DHX9 and PDK1 can have prognostic value. These potential biomarkers are related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and makes them candidates for developing new directed therapies.
EAAT3 impedes oligodendrocyte remyelination in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion‐induced white matter injury
Authors: Zhang Yingmei , Ya Dongshan , Yang Jiaxin , Jiang Yanlin , Li Xiaoxia , Wang Jiawen , Tian Ning , Deng Jungang , Yang Bin , Li Qinghua , Liao Rujia
Published: October 2023

Background

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion‐induced demyelination causes progressive white matter injury, although the pathogenic pathways are unknown.

Methods

The Single Cell Portal and PanglaoDB databases were used to analyze single‐cell RNA sequencing experiments to determine the pattern of EAAT3 expression in CNS cells. Immunofluorescence (IF) was used to detect EAAT3 expression in oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). EAAT3 levels in mouse brains were measured using a western blot at various phases of development, as well as in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mouse models. The mouse bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) model was used to create white matter injury. IF, Luxol Fast Blue staining, and electron microscopy were used to investigate the effect of remyelination. 5‐Ethynyl‐2‐Deoxy Uridine staining, transwell chamber assays, and IF were used to examine the effects of OPCs' proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vivo and in vitro. The novel object recognition test, the Y‐maze test, the rotarod test, and the grid walking test were used to examine the impact of behavioral modifications.

Results

A considerable amount of EAAT3 was expressed in OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes, according to single‐cell RNA sequencing data. During multiple critical phases of mouse brain development, there were no substantial changes in EAAT3 levels in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, or white matter. Furthermore, neither the TBI nor ICH models significantly affected the levels of EAAT3 in the aforementioned brain areas. The chronic white matter injury caused by BCAS, on the other hand, resulted in a strikingly high level of EAAT3 expression in the oligodendroglia and white matter. Correspondingly, blocking EAAT3 assisted in the recovery of cognitive and motor impairment as well as the restoration of cerebral blood flow following BCAS. Furthermore, EAAT3 suppression was connected to improved OPCs' survival and proliferation in vivo as well as faster OPCs' proliferation, migration, and differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, this study revealed that the mTOR pathway is implicated in EAAT3‐mediated remyelination.

Conclusions

Our findings provide the first evidence that abnormally high levels of oligodendroglial EAAT3 in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion impair OPCs' pro‐remyelination actions, hence impeding white matter repair and functional recovery. EAAT3 inhibitors could be useful in the treatment of ischemia demyelination.