bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transition from sub-Rayleigh anticrack to supershear crack propagation in snow avalanches
Authors: Trottet Bertil , Simenhois Ron , Bobillier Gregoire , Bergfeld Bastian , van Herwijnen Alec , Jiang Chenfanfu , Gaume Johan
Published: July 2022

Snow slab avalanches, characterized by a distinct, broad fracture line, are released following anticrack propagation in highly porous weak snow layers buried below cohesive slabs. The anticrack mechanism is driven by the volumetric collapse of the weak layer, which leads to the closure of crack faces and to the onset of frictional contact. Here, on the basis of snow fracture experiments, full-scale avalanche measurements and numerical simulations, we report the existence of a transition from sub-Rayleigh anticrack to supershear crack propagation. This transition follows the Burridge–Andrews mechanism, in which a supershear daughter crack nucleates ahead of the main fracture front and eventually propagates faster than the shear wave speed. Furthermore, we show that the supershear propagation regime can exist even if the shear-to-normal stress ratio is lower than the static friction coefficient as a result of the loss of frictional resistance during collapse. This finding shows that snow slab avalanches have fundamental similarities with strike-slip earthquakes.
Self-supervised deep learning encodes high-resolution features of protein subcellular localization
Authors: Kobayashi Hirofumi , Cheveralls Keith C. , Leonetti Manuel D. , Royer Loic A.
Published: July 2022

Explaining the diversity and complexity of protein localization is essential to fully understand cellular architecture. Here we present cytoself, a deep-learning approach for fully self-supervised protein localization profiling and clustering. Cytoself leverages a self-supervised training scheme that does not require preexisting knowledge, categories or annotations. Training cytoself on images of 1,311 endogenously labeled proteins from the OpenCell database reveals a highly resolved protein localization atlas that recapitulates major scales of cellular organization, from coarse classes, such as nuclear and cytoplasmic, to the subtle localization signatures of individual protein complexes. We quantitatively validate cytoself’s ability to cluster proteins into organelles and protein complexes, showing that cytoself outperforms previous self-supervised approaches. Moreover, to better understand the inner workings of our model, we dissect the emergent features from which our clustering is derived, interpret them in the context of the fluorescence images, and analyze the performance contributions of each component of our approach.
Cereal grain mineral micronutrient and soil chemistry data from GeoNutrition surveys in Ethiopia and Malawi
Authors: Kumssa D. B. , Mossa A. W. , Amede T. , Ander E. L. , Bailey E. H. , Botoman L. , Chagumaira C. , Chimungu J. G. , Davis K. , Gameda S. , Haefele S. M. , Hailu K. , Joy E. J. M. , Lark R. M. , Ligowe I. S. , McGrath S. P. , Milne A. , Muleya P. , Munthali M. , Towett E. , Walsh M. G. , Wilson L. , Young S. D. , Haji I. R. , Broadley M. R. , Gashu D. , Nalivata P. C.
Published: July 2022

The dataset comprises primary data for the concentration of 29 mineral micronutrients in cereal grains and up to 84 soil chemistry properties from GeoNutrition project surveys in Ethiopia and Malawi. The work provided insights on geospatial variation in the micronutrient concentration in staple crops, and the potential influencing soil factors. In Ethiopia, sampling was conducted in Amhara, Oromia, and Tigray regions, during the late-2017 and late-2018 harvest seasons. In Malawi, national-scale sampling was conducted during the April–June 2018 harvest season. The concentrations of micronutrients in grain were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Soil chemistry properties reported include soil pH; total soil nitrogen; total soil carbon (C); soil organic C; effective cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations; a three-step sequential extraction scheme for the fractionation of sulfur and selenium; available phosphate; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable trace elements; extractable trace elements using 0.01 M Ca(NO3)2 and 0.01 M CaCl2; and isotopically exchangeable Zn. These data are reported here according to FAIR data principles to enable users to further explore agriculture-nutrition linkages.
Learning to sense three-dimensional shape deformation of a single multimode fiber
Authors: Wang Xuechun , Wang Yufei , Zhang Ketao , Althoefer Kaspar , Su Lei
Published: July 2022

Optical fiber bending, deformation or shape sensing are important measurement technologies and have been widely deployed in various applications including healthcare, structural monitoring and robotics. However, existing optical fiber bending sensors require complex sensor structures and interrogation systems. Here, inspired by the recent renewed interest in information-rich multimode optical fibers, we show that the multimode fiber (MMF) output speckles contain the three-dimensional (3D) geometric shape information of the MMF itself. We demonstrate proof-of-concept 3D multi-point deformation sensing via a single multimode fiber by using k-nearest neighbor (KNN) machine learning algorithm, and achieve a classification accuracy close to 100%. Our results show that a single MMF based deformation sensor is excellent in terms of system simplicity, resolution and sensitivity, and can be a promising candidate in deformation monitoring or shape-sensing applications.
Characterization of methylation patterns associated with lifestyle factors and vitamin D supplementation in a healthy elderly cohort from Southwest Sweden
Authors: Cruz Maria Araceli Diaz , Ulfenborg Benjamin , Blomstrand Peter , Faresjö Maria , Ståhl Fredrik , Karlsson Sandra
Published: July 2022

Numerous studies have shown that lifestyle factors, such as regular physical activity and vitamin D intake, may remarkably improve overall health and mental wellbeing. This is especially important in older adults whose vitamin D deficiency occurs with a high prevalence. This study aimed to examine the influence of lifestyle and vitamin D on global DNA methylation patterns in an elderly cohort in Southwest of Sweden. We also sought to examine the methylation levels of specific genes involved in vitamin D's molecular and metabolic activated pathways. We performed a genome wide methylation analysis, using Illumina Infinium DNA Methylation EPIC 850kBeadChip array, on 277 healthy individuals from Southwest Sweden at the age of 70–95. The study participants also answered queries on lifestyle, vitamin intake, heart medication, and estimated health. Vitamin D intake did not in general affect methylation patterns, which is in concert with other studies. However, when comparing the group of individuals taking vitamin supplements, including vitamin D, with those not taking supplements, a difference in methylation in the solute carrier family 25 (SCL25A24)gene was found. This confirms a previous finding, where changes in expression ofSLC25A24were associated with vitamin D treatment in human monocytes. The combination of vitamin D intake and high physical activity increased methylation of genes linked to regulation of vitamin D receptor pathway, the Wnt pathway and general cancer processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study detecting epigenetic markers associated with the combined effects of vitamin D supplementation and high physical activity. These results deserve to be further investigated in an extended, interventional study cohort, where also the levels of 25(OH)D3can be monitored.
Finite element and in vitro study on biomechanical behavior of endodontically treated premolars restored with direct or indirect composite restorations
Authors: Maravić Tatjana , Comba Allegra , Mazzitelli Claudia , Bartoletti Luca , Balla Irene , di Pietro Elisabetta , Josić Uroš , Generali Luigi , Vasiljević Darko , Blažić Larisa , Breschi Lorenzo , Mazzoni Annalisa
Published: July 2022

Objectives of the study were to investigate biomechanical properties of severely compromised premolars restored with composite restorations using finite element analysis (FEA), and in vitro fracture resistance test. A 3-D model of an endodontically treated premolar was created in Solidworks. Different composite restorations were modelled (direct restoration-DR; endo-crown-EC; post, core, and crown-C) with two different supporting tissues: periodontal ligament/alveolar bone (B), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Models were two-point axially loaded occlusally (850 N). Von Mises stresses and strains were calculated. The same groups were further tested for static fracture resistance in vitro (n = 5, 6.0 mm-diameter ball indenter, vertical load). Fracture resistance data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.050). The highest stresses and strains in all FEA models were observed on occlusal and vestibular cervical surfaces, corresponding to fracture propagation demonstrated in vitro. C showed the lowest stress in dentin, while EC showed lower stresses and strains in crown cement. B models demonstrated larger high stress areas in the root than PMMA models. No significant differences in fracture resistance (N) were observed between groups (DR: 747.7 ± 164.0, EC: 867.3 ± 108.1, C: 866.9 ± 126.3; p = 0.307). More conservative restorations seem a feasible alternative for endodontically treated premolars to conventional post-core-crown.
Evidence for correlations between BMI-associated SNPs and circRNAs
Authors: Rajcsanyi Luisa Sophie , Diebels Inga , Pastoors Lydia , Kanber Deniz , Peters Triinu , Volckmar Anna-Lena , Zheng Yiran , Grosse Martin , Dieterich Christoph , Hebebrand Johannes , Kaiser Frank J. , Horsthemke Bernhard , Hinney Anke
Published: July 2022

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regulators of processes like adipogenesis. Their expression can be modulated by SNPs. We analysed links between BMI-associated SNPs and circRNAs. First, we detected an enrichment of BMI-associated SNPs on circRNA genomic loci in comparison to non-significant variants. Analysis of sex-stratified GWAS data revealed that circRNA genomic loci encompassed more genome-wide significant BMI-SNPs in females than in males. To explore whether the enrichment is restricted to BMI, we investigated nine additional GWAS studies. We showed an enrichment of trait-associated SNPs in circRNAs for four analysed phenotypes (body height, chronic kidney disease, anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder). To analyse the influence of BMI-affecting SNPs on circRNA levels in vitro, we examined rs4752856 located on hsa_circ_0022025. The analysis of heterozygous individuals revealed an increased level of circRNA derived from the BMI-increasing SNP allele. We conclude that genetic variation may affect the BMI partly through circRNAs.
A diffeomorphic aging model for adult human brain from cross-sectional data
Authors: Thottupattu Alphin J. , Sivaswamy Jayanthi , Krishnan Venkateswaran P.
Published: July 2022

Normative aging trends of the brain can serve as an important reference in the assessment of neurological structural disorders. Such models are typically developed from longitudinal brain image data—follow-up data of the same subject over different time points. In practice, obtaining such longitudinal data is difficult. We propose a method to develop an aging model for a given population, in the absence of longitudinal data, by using images from different subjects at different time points, the so-called cross-sectional data. We define an aging model as a diffeomorphic deformation on a structural template derived from the data and propose a method that develops topology preserving aging model close to natural aging. The proposed model is successfully validated on two public cross-sectional datasets which provide templates constructed from different sets of subjects at different age points.
Contracted thalamic shape is associated with early development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yoo Han Soo , Lee Eun-Chong , Chung Seok Jong , Ye Byoung Seok , Sohn Young H. , Seong Joon-Kyung , Lee Phil Hyu
Published: July 2022

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a long-term motor complication in Parkinson’s disease (PD), is attributable to both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. However, no studies have evaluated the baseline structural changes associated with LID at a subcortical level in PD. A total of 116 right-handed PD patients were recruited and based on the LID latency of 5 years, we classified patients into those vulnerable to LID (PD-vLID, n = 49) and those resistant to LID (PD-rLID, n = 67). After adjusting for covariates including dopamine transporter (DAT) availability of the posterior putamen, we compared the subcortical shape between the groups and investigated its association with the onset of LID. The PD-vLID group had lower DAT availability in the posterior putamen, higher parkinsonian motor deficits, and faster increment in levodopa equivalent dose than the PD-rLID group. The PD-vLID group had significant inward deformation in the right thalamus compared to the PD-rLID group. Inward deformation in the thalamus was associated with an earlier onset of LID at baseline. This study suggests that independent of presynaptic dopamine depletion, the thalamus is a major neural substrate for LID and that a contracted thalamic shape at baseline is closely associated with an early development of LID.
Temperature-dependent optical properties of some mixtures nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Alipanah Zhila , Zakerhamidi Mohammad Sadegh , Ranjkesh Amid
Published: July 2022

The presence of optical anisotropy in liquid crystals (LCs) has caused these materials to have dual refractive indices: ordinary (no) and extra-ordinary (ne). Many fundamental information about LCs can be found by looking at these refractive indices. In this work, the refractive indices of four mixtures nematic liquid crystal (NLC) have been studied as a function of temperature, and the relevant functions were then calculated. Subsequently, the order parameter of mentioned LCs was determined using three methods: Vuks, Haller, and the effective geometry parameter method. It was concluded that the obtained values are not significantly different and exhibit the same temperature dependence. The obtained results were evaluated in relation to the approach utilized.
Empagliflozin mitigates endothelial inflammation and attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling caused by sustained glycocalyx disruption
Authors: Campeau Marc-Antoine , Leask Richard L.
Published: July 2022

The disruption of the endothelial cell (EC) glycocalyx (GCX) leads to cellular dysfunction promoting inflammation and cardiovascular disease progression. Recent studies have shown that empagliflozin (EMPA; Jardiance), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can improve EC functions impacted by GCX disruption although the exact cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, the effect of EMPA on EC inflammatory response induced by sustained GCX disruption was investigated. Human aortic ECs were cultured under shear (10 dyne/cm2) for 24 h with or without sustained degradation of heparan sulfate (HS). HS degradation increased inflammatory cell adhesion to ECs. EMPA (50 μM) normalized adhesion levels under sustained HS degradation. Protein expressions of eNOS, phospho-eNOS Ser1177 and ICAM-1 remained unchanged between conditions. Transcriptome analysis revealed the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) through the increased expression of ATF3, ATF4, DDIT3 (CHOP), EIF2AK3 (PERK), HSPA5 (Grp78), PPP1R15A (GADD34) and TRIB3 which was in part downregulated by EMPA. mRNA and protein expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) was also downregulated by EMPA. Mitigation of oxidative stress with N-Acetyl-l-cysteine resulted in similar reduction in inflammatory cell adhesion compared to EMPA which could indicate a potential mechanism by which EMPA normalized the inflammatory response. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of EMPA to resolve the inflammatory response of ECs caused by sustained GCX disruption while altering UPR signaling under endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Agro-pastoralists’ perception of climate change and adaptation in the Qilian Mountains of northwest China
Authors: Xie Shuntao , Ding Wenguang , Ye Weifeng , Deng Zhe
Published: July 2022

Global climate change affects all aspects of human society, especially agricultural and animal husbandry production. Northwest China has been detrimentally affected by the climatic variations due to its high exposure to extreme climatic events. A number of studies have reported agro-pastoralists’ perceptions and adaptation responses to climate change, but the current knowledge of agro-pastoralists’ perceptions of climate change in China are insufficient. To fill this research gap, this study aims to investigate the perception level of agro-pastoralists in Northwest China on climate change and related factors. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on household surveys of 554 study participants in four counties in Gansu Province, China. Raw data were collected using stratified random sampling. A probit model was used to analyze the respondents' understanding of climate change and its related socio-economic and demographic variables. Our results show that the majority of respondents were aware (70%) of the changes in temperature and precipitation. Socioeconomic and demographic variables such as gender, farming experience, education level, cultivated land size, agricultural income, livestock, village cadre experience, access to weather information of agro-pastoralists are pertinently related to agro-pastoralists’ awareness of climate change. Farming experience, education level, household size, grassland size, agricultural income, association membership, village cadre experience has a high impact on agro-pastoralists' adaptation to climate change. The results of this study will help guide government agencies and decision makers, and help arid and semi-arid areas to build sustainable adaptation measures under the framework of climate change. The study recommends institutions targeting households’ livelihood improvement and making decisions concerning climate change adaptation need to focus on mass media and information technology, improving locally adapted extension services, improved irrigation, expand loan channels.
Microfluidic chip for precise trapping of single cells and temporal analysis of signaling dynamics
Authors: Sinha Nidhi , Yang Haowen , Janse David , Hendriks Luc , Rand Ulfert , Hauser Hansjörg , Köster Mario , van de Vosse Frans N. , de Greef Tom F. A. , Tel Jurjen
Published: July 2022

Microfluidic designs are versatile examples of technology miniaturisation that find their applications in various cell biology research, especially to investigate the influence of environmental signals on cellular response dynamics. Multicellular systems operate in intricate cellular microenvironments where environmental signals govern well-orchestrated and robust responses, the understanding of which can be realized with integrated microfluidic systems. In this study, we present a fully automated and integrated microfluidic chip that can deliver input signals to single and isolated suspension or adherent cells in a precisely controlled manner. In respective analyses of different single cell types, we observe, in real-time, the temporal dynamics of caspase 3 activation during DMSO-induced apoptosis in single cancer cells (K562) and the translocation of STAT-1 triggered by interferon γ (IFNγ) in single fibroblasts (NIH3T3). Our investigations establish the employment of our versatile microfluidic system in probing temporal single cell signaling networks where alternations in outputs uncover signal processing mechanisms.
An intramodular thioesterase domain catalyses chain release in the biosynthesis of a cytotoxic virulence factor
Authors: Little Rory , Trottmann Felix , Preissler Miriam , Hertweck Christian
Published: July 2022

The bimodular PKS-NRPS BurA has two unusual non-C-terminal thioesterase domains. We show that the intramodular TE-B is responsible for the hydrolytic release of gonyol, an intermediate for the biosynthesis of the virulence factor malleicyprol.
Multi-stepwise electron transfer via MOF-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic ammonia synthesis
Authors: Ren Hanjie , Tan Jiangdan , Zhao Zhanfeng , Shi Yonghui , Xin Xin , Yang Dong , Jiang Zhongyi
Published: July 2022

Our study proposed a multi-stepwise electron transfer strategy to offer a method for designing MOF-based nanocomposite photocatalysts with the intensified electron transfer process.
Cu-Modified La2Si2O7/TiO2 composite materials: preparation, characterization and photothermal properties
Authors: Li Wei , Tao Chao-chao , Tang Jian-Ping , Zhong Sheng-liang
Published: July 2022

Cu/La2Si2O7/TiO2 composite photothermal nanomaterials with broad spectral absorption modified were prepared by molten salt calcination using spherical SiO2@TiO2 and La/Cu-PDACP as precursors.
Understanding the effect of structural changes on slow magnetic relaxation in mononuclear octahedral copper(ii) complexes
Authors: Marcinkowski Dawid , Adamski Ariel , Kubicki Maciej , Consiglio Giuseppe , Patroniak Violetta , Ślusarski Tomasz , Açıkgöz Muhammed , Szeliga Daria , Vadra Nahir , Karbowiak Mirosław , Stefaniuk Ireneusz , Rudowicz Czesław , Gorczyński Adam , Korabik Maria
Published: July 2022

Unique organic scaffold to study how subtle structural differences affect the slow magnetic relaxation inS= ½ Cu(ii) systems.
Regulating the electronic structure of MoO2/Mo2C/C by heterostructure and oxygen vacancies for boosting lithium storage kinetics
Authors: Guo Donglei , Yang Mengke , Wang Fang , Cheng Yihua , Zhang Anqi , Liu Guilong , Wu Naiteng , Cao Ang , Mi Hongyu , Liu Xianming
Published: July 2022

The intrinsic electronic conductivity and Li-ion diffusion kinetics of MoO2/Mo2C/C were improved by the heterostructure and oxygen vacancies.
The effect of built-in and portable ionizers on in-cabin ozone concentrations in light-duty vehicles
Authors: Mendez-Jimenez David , Lakey Pascale S. J. , Johnson Grace , Shiraiwa Manabu , Jung Heejung
Published: July 2022

In-cabin ozone concentrations are measured in the presence of ionizers that are marketed as air purifiers. Byproduct ozone formation is observed and compared to a kinetic model, which shows the relationship to air exchange rate and loss coefficient.
Physicochemical characterization of particulate matter in a cement production plant
Authors: Ervik Torunn K. , Eriksen Hammer Stine , Notø Hilde , Ellingsen Dag G. , Thomassen Yngvar , Weinbruch Stephan , Benker Nathalie , Berlinger Balazs
Published: July 2022

Characterization of particulate matter with regards to size distribution, phase composition and mixing state at various locations at a cement plant.
A highly chlorine-oxidation and fouling resistant thin film nanocomposite membrane enhanced by few-layered graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets
Authors: Deng Yanan , Zhang Jianfeng , Li Qingqing , Liu Tao , Yang Yan
Published: July 2022

This study demonstrated that the addition of few-layered g-C3N4 nanosheets enhanced the hydrophilicity and surface negative charge of the membrane, effectively improving chlorine-oxidation and fouling resistance to BSA.
Polysaccharides from Callerya speciosa alleviate metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis in diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Li Dongli , Xu Zhaonan , Li Yuanyuan , Gan Lishe , Wu Panpan , Wu Rihui , Jin Jingwei , Zheng Xi , Zhang Kun , Ma Hang , Li Liya
Published: July 2022

Polysaccharides from Callerya speciosa alleviate metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Effects of hydrophilic fullerene nanoarchitectured structures on the behaviour of neural stem cells
Authors: Wong Chui-Wei , Tsai Kun-Che , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Ariga Katsuhiko , Hsu Shan-hui
Published: July 2022

Three hydrophilic fullerene structures are fabricated. FNTs induce neural stem cell differentiation in the culture dish or in the composite hydrogel.
meta-Terphenyls as versatile fluorescent molecular sensors for monitoring the progress of hybrid polymerization processes
Authors: Tomal Wiktoria , Szymaszek Patryk , Bilut Magdalena , Popielarz Roman , Świergosz Tomasz , Ortyl Joanna
Published: July 2022

meta-Terphenyl derivatives were used as versatile fluorescent sensors for online monitoring of hybrid photopolymerization that allow seeing the difference between different types of polymerization processes involved in the hybrid polymerization.
Metal-free photocatalytic intermolecular trifluoromethylation-gem-difluoroallylation of unactivated alkenes
Authors: Yuan Wan-Qiang , Liu Yu-Tao , Ni Yu-Qing , Liu Yong-Ze , Pan Fei
Published: July 2022

An efficient, transition-metal-free, photocatalytic three-component intermolecular trifluoromethylation-gem-difluoroallylation of unactivated alkenes has been achieved.
Unveiling the origin of the chemoselectivity of bismacycle-mediated C–H arylation of phenols: from mechanism concept to new coupling design
Authors: Ma Yumiao , Hussein Aqeel A.
Published: July 2022

DFT calculations for the bismacycle-catalyzed C–H arylation of phenols explain the origin of high chemoselectivity. The reducive elimination is polar, which allows the design of new coupling modes.
Modular assembly of MOF-derived carbon nanofibers into macroarchitectures for water treatment
Authors: Zhang Zishi , Wang Chaohai , Yao Yiyuan , Zhang Hao , Na Jongbeom , Zhou Yujun , Zhu Zhigao , Qi Junwen , Eguchi Miharu , Yamauchi Yusuke , Li Jiansheng
Published: July 2022

A scalable strategy is established to generate macroarchitectures based on MOF-related nanofibers. The modular assembly of macroarchitectures with luffa-like structures exhibits high mechanical strength and low densities.
Annulative coupling of vinylboronic esters: aryne-triggered 1,2-metallate rearrangement
Authors: Mizoguchi Haruki , Kamada Hidetoshi , Morimoto Kazuki , Yoshida Ryuji , Sakakura Akira
Published: July 2022

A stereoselective annulative coupling of a vinylboronic ester ate-complex with arynes producing cyclic borinic esters has been developed.
Modeling titanium dioxide nanostructures for photocatalysis and photovoltaics
Authors: Nunzi Francesca , De Angelis Filippo
Published: July 2022

The latest findings from theoretical investigations into TiO2 nanoparticles are reviewed, including both realistic models from a bottom-up approach (1–3 nm diameter) and cut from bulk models (>3 nm diameter) in a top-down approach.
Activation of MoS2 monolayer electrocatalysts via reduction and phase control in molten sodium for selective hydrogenation of nitrogen to ammonia
Authors: Zhang Hong , Song Bin , Zhang Weiwei , Cheng Yingwen , Chen Qianwang , Lu Ke
Published: July 2022

We describe the activation of MoS2 in molten sodium that leads to the simultaneous formation of a sulfur vacancy-rich heterostructured 1T/2H-MoSx monolayer electrocatalyst via reduction and phase transformation.
Effect of salt on the lamellar Lα-to-MLV transformation in SDS/octanol/water under microfluidic flow
Authors: Donina Liva , Porcar Lionel , Cabral João T.
Published: July 2022

We investigate the effect of NaCl and flow rate on the phase behaviour and response of a model surfactant Lα phase, SDS/octanol/water, using microfluidic SANS and microscopy, supported by NMR, viscosity, conductivity and zeta potential measurements.
Cu3(BTC)2 nanoflakes synthesized in an ionic liquid/water binary solvent and their catalytic properties
Authors: Su Zhuizhui , Zhang Jianling , Zhang Bingxing , Cheng Xiuyan , Xu Mingzhao , Sha Yufei , Wang Yanyue , Hu Jingyang , Zheng Lirong , Han Buxing
Published: July 2022

Cu3(BTC)2 (BTC = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) nanoflakes, synthesized in an ionic liquid/water binary solvent, exhibit a high catalytic performance for benzyl alcohol oxidation.
Geometry-driven mass transport dynamics within permeable 3D-microstructures fabricated via two-photon polymerization
Authors: Mhanna Rana , Zhou Ruchun , Jin Ming , Pan Haiyan , Wan Decheng , Versace Davy-Louis , Hobeika Nelly , Khitous Amine , Soppera Olivier , Lamielle Patrick , Malval Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2022

We present an original fluorescence imaging strategy to spatially probe the real-time progress of a quenching reaction diffusing throughout permeable 3D-microstructures whose geometry and topology are modulated by two-photon stereolithography.
A high-performance self-powered photodetector based on a concentric annular α-FAPbI3/MAPbI3single crystal lateral heterojunction with broadband detectivity
Authors: Zhang Hu , Chen Zhiliang , Li Yanhui , Yao Jianfeng , Liu Duanwangde , Zeng Wei , Gui Pengbin , Huang Zhixiang
Published: July 2022

α-FAPbI3/MAPbI3single crystal concentric annular lateral heterojunction is successfully fabricated by rheotaxy. The device exhibits high performance and wide spectrum response as well as self-driven ability, showing its broad application prospect.
Perceptual Classification of Motor Speech Disorders: The Role of Severity, Speech Task, and Listener's Expertise
Authors: Pernon Michaela , Assal Frédéric , Kodrasi Ina , Laganaro Marina
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

The clinical diagnosis of motor speech disorders (MSDs) is mainly based on perceptual approaches. However, studies on perceptual classification of MSDs often indicate low classification accuracy. The aim of this study was to determine in a forced-choice dichotomous decision-making task (a) how accuracy of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in perceptually classifying apraxia of speech (AoS) and dysarthria is impacted by speech task, severity of MSD, and listener's expertise and (b) which perceptual features they use to classify.

Method:

Speech samples from 29 neurotypical speakers, 14 with hypokinetic dysarthria associated with Parkinson's disease (HD), 10 with poststroke AoS, and six with mixed dysarthria associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MD-FlSp [combining flaccid and spastic dysarthria]), were classified by 20 expert SLPs and 20 student SLPs. Speech samples were elicited in spontaneous speech, text reading, oral diadochokinetic (DDK) tasks, and a sample concatenating text reading and DDK. For each recorded speech sample, SLPs answered three dichotomic questions following a diagnostic approach, (a) neurotypical versus pathological speaker, (b) AoS versus dysarthria, and (c) MD-FlSp versus HD, and a multiple-choice question on the features their decision was based on.

Results:

Overall classification accuracy was 72% with good interrater reliability, varying with SLP expertise, speech task, and MSD severity. Correct classification of speech samples was higher for speakers with dysarthria than for AoS and higher for HD than for MD-FlSp. Samples elicited with continuous speech reached the best classification rates. An average number of three perceptual features were used for correct classifications, and their type and combination differed between the three MSDs.

Conclusions:

The auditory-perceptual classification of MSDs in a diagnostic approach reaches substantial performance only in expert SLPs with continuous speech samples, albeit with lower accuracy for AoS. Specific training associated with objective classification tools seems necessary to improve recognition of neurotypical speech and distinction between AoS and dysarthria.
Lightweight target detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv4
Authors: Wang Lili , Ni Qinghang , Chen Chen , Yang Hailu
Published: July 2022

Traditional YOLOv4 object detection network is difficult to be applied to mobile embedded devices because it has some deficiencies such as complex structure and too many parameters. In this paper, the authors propose a lightweight object detection algorithm. Firstly, Mobienetv3 is used to replace the original feature extraction network, and the Mish function is used to be the activation function, which reduces the number of model parameters. Secondly, the dilated convolution is used to replace the maximum pooling operation in the original spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) structure. Then, a custom Dcn‐Dw structure is used to replace the convolution operation in the original PANet, which improves the accuracy of the model for irregular object detection and reduces the model size. Finally, a CBAM lightweight attention mechanism module is introduced in front of the YOLO Head, which further improves the model accuracy. An experiment on the VOC2007 dataset is carried out, and the results show that the mean average precision (mAP) is 80.3% and frames per second (FPS) is 15. At the expense of 3% accuracy, the detection speed is increased to two to three times, and the model size is reduced to one‐fifth of the original model. The lightweight object detection algorithm can suit for real‐time detection tasks on resource‐constrained embedded devices.
Formation control for connected and automated vehicles on multi‐lane roads: Relative motion planning and conflict resolution
Authors: Cai Mengchi , Xu Qing , Chen Chaoyi , Wang Jiawei , Li Keqiang , Wang Jianqiang , Zhu Qianying
Published: July 2022

Existing research has revealed that multi‐vehicle coordinated decision making and control can achieve an improvement in both traffic efficiency and driving safety. In the multi‐lane scenarios, a typical coordination method is multi‐vehicle formation control. The existing formation control methods predefine the formation switching process and have not considered or explained the collision‐free behaviour of vehicles in detail. In this paper, a multi‐lane formation control strategy for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is proposed. The planning framework is bi‐level, which can switch the structure of multi‐vehicle formation in different scenarios smoothly and effectively. In the upper‐level, the relative coordinate system is built to plan the collision‐free relative paths for vehicles. In the lower‐level, multi‐stage trajectory planning and tracking are modelled as an optimal control problem with path constraints. The case study verifies the function of the formation control method in three lane‐number‐changing scenarios. Large‐scale simulations in the lane‐drop bottleneck scenario are conducted under different input traffic volumes, and the numerical results indicate that the proposed formation control method reduces congestion and improves both traffic efficiency and fuel economy at high traffic volumes.
Transition to turbulence in nonuniform coronal loops driven by torsional Alfvén waves
Authors: Díaz-Suárez Sergio , Soler Roberto
Published: July 2022

It has been shown in a previous work that torsional Alfvén waves can drive turbulence in nonuniform coronal loops with a purely axial magnetic field. Here we explore the role of the magnetic twist. We modeled a coronal loop as a transversely nonuniform straight flux tube, anchored in the photosphere, and embedded in a uniform coronal environment. We considered that the magnetic field is twisted and control the strength of magnetic twist by a free parameter of the model. We excited the longitudinally fundamental mode of standing torsional Alfvén waves, whose temporal evolution was obtained by means of high-resolution three-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulations. We find that phase mixing of torsional Alfvén waves creates velocity shear in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. The velocity shear eventually triggers the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHi). In weakly twisted magnetic tubes, the KHi is able to grow nonlinearly, and subsequently, turbulence is driven in the coronal loop in a similar manner as in the untwisted case. When the magnetic twist remains weak, it delays the onset of the KHi and slows the development of turbulence down. In contrast, magnetic tension can suppress the nonlinear growth of the KHi when the magnetic twist is strong enough, even when the KHi has locally been excited by the phase-mixing shear. Thus, turbulence is not generated in strongly twisted loops.
Implicit privacy preservation: a framework based on data generation
Authors: Yang Qing , Wang Cheng , Hu Teng , Chen Xue , Jiang Changjun
Published: July 2022

This paper addresses a special and imperceptible class of privacy, called implicit privacy. In contrast to traditional (explicit) privacy, implicit privacy has two essential properties: (1) It is not initially defined as a privacy attribute; (2) it is strongly associated with privacy attributes. In other words, attackers could utilize it to infer privacy attributes with a certain probability, indirectly resulting in the disclosure of private information. To deal with the implicit privacy disclosure problem, we give a measurable definition of implicit privacy, and propose an ex-ante implicit privacy-preserving framework based on data generation, called IMPOSTER. The framework consists of an implicit privacy detection module and an implicit privacy protection module. The former uses normalized mutual information to detect implicit privacy attributes that are strongly related to traditional privacy attributes. Based on the idea of data generation, the latter equips the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework with an additional discriminator, which is used to eliminate the association between traditional privacy attributes and implicit ones. We elaborate a theoretical analysis for the convergence of the framework. Experiments demonstrate that with the learned generator, IMPOSTER can alleviate the disclosure of implicit privacy while maintaining good data utility.
Die Bronchialarterien – ein kleiner, aber lebenswichtiger Beitrag zur Lungenperfusion nach Lungentransplantation
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Hildebrandt Olaf , Conradt Regina , Koehler Julian , Hildebrandt Wulf
Published: July 2022

Die Blutversorgung der Lunge besteht aus dem pulmonal- und dem bronchial-arteriellen System. Die bronchial-arteriellen Gefäße sind an der nutritiven Versorgung der kleinen Atemwege bis hin zu den terminalen Bronchiolen beteiligt. Zudem sind sie bedeutsam für die Regulation der Atemwegstemperatur, der -feuchtigkeit sowie der mukoziliären Clearance. Eine chronische Ischämie der kleinen Atemwege durch Verlust oder Verletzung der bronchial-arteriellen Versorgung erhöht das Risiko für eine Fibrosierung der kleinen Atemwege (obliterative Bronchiolitis), im Speziellen bei einer Lungentransplantation (LTx). Wenngleich sich die Überlebensrate nach LTx im Verlauf verbessert hat, ist sie noch immer deutlich schlechter als bei anderen Organtransplantationen mit einer 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate von 50 bis 60%. Es ist zu vermuten, dass eine bronchial-arterielle Revaskularisierung zum Zeitpunkt der LTx eine wichtige transplantaterhaltende Funktion hat.
Aktuelle Aspekte und Strategien zum Einsatz oraler Antikoagulantien
und Plättchenfunktionshemmer in der Praxis
Authors: Sucker Christoph , Dörner Thomas
Published: July 2022

Aufgrund erhöhter venöser und arterieller Risiken und
Begleiterkrankungen bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen sind die
Grundprinzipien der adäquaten medikamentösen Behandlung auch von
Bedeutung in der rheumatologischen Praxis. Bei der oralen Antikoagulation haben
die innovativen Nicht-Vitamin K-abhängigen oralen Antikoagulanzien
(NOAK) die „klassischen“ Antikoagulanzien, die Vitamin
K-Antagonisten (VKA), in vielen Indikationen weitgehend verdrängt;
allerdings finden sich weiterhin Gründe, Patienten anstelle von NOAK mit
VKA zu antikoagulieren. Bei der medikamentösen Hemmung der
Plättchenfunktion werden neben ASS die Thienopyridine Clopidogrel und
Prasugrel sowie Ticagrelor eingesetzt; von besonderer Bedeutung ist eine duale
Plättchenfunktionshemmung (DAPT) mit Kombination verschiedener
Plättchenhemmer. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit wird auf wichtige
Aspekte der oralen Antikoagulation und der oralen
Plättchenfunktionshemmung eingegangen.
Psychische Störungen in deutschen pädiatrischen Praxen vor und während der COVID-19-Pandemie
Authors: Weber Kerstin , Kostev Karel , Bohlken Jens , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund Feldstudien weisen auf eine reduzierte psychische Gesundheit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen während der COVID-19-Pandemie hin. Untersucht wird, ob sich dies in der Zunahme diagnostizierter psychischer Störungen in pädiatrischen Praxen in der Pandemie widerspiegelt.

Methoden Datengrundlage: Kinder zwischen 2 und 17 Jahren, die mindestens einmal eine der 154 pädiatrischen Praxen (Disease Analyzer Datenbank/IQVIA) besuchten; deskriptive Analyse.

Ergebnisse 2020 und 2021 wurden im Vergleich zu den beiden Vorjahren signifikant mehr psychische Störungen diagnostiziert (chi2 p < 0,001). Ein Anstieg wurde besonders bei affektiven Störungen deutlich, obgleich dieser in der einzelnen Praxis mit einer durchschnittlichen Zunahme von 7 Patienten pro Praxis im Jahr gering ist.

Diskussion Die pandemieassoziierte Zunahme psychischer Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen spiegelt sich in den ärztlich diagnostizierten Fällen in pädiatrischen Praxen wider, ist jedoch zahlenmäßig in der einzelnen Praxis gering.
Comparison of Perioperative Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Neurosurgery—A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mishra Rajeeb K. , Sriganesh Kamath , Surve Rohini M. , Sangeetha R.P. , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Shashidhar Abhinith , Anju Janaki L
Published: July 2022

Background Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting for neurosurgery are not rare. Considering the lack of literature informing the outcomes in this subset, present study was conducted to compare perioperative management and postoperative outcomes between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 neurosurgical patients.

Methods After ethics committee approval, data of all patients with COVID-19 along with an equal number of age and diagnosis matched non-COVID-19 patients undergoing neurosurgery between April 2020 and January 2021 was analyzed retrospectively. Predictors of poor outcome were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results During the study period, 50 COVID-19 patients (28 laboratory confirmed (group-C) and 22 clinicoradiological diagnosed [group-CR]) underwent neurosurgery and were compared with 50 matched non-COVID-19 patients. Preoperatively, clinicoradiological diagnosed COVID-19 patients had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade (p = 0.01), lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (p < 0.001), and more pulmonary involvement (p = 0.004). The duration of intensive care unit stay was significantly longer in laboratory confirmed patients (p = 0.03). Poor clinical outcome (in-hospital mortality or discharge motor-GCS ≤ 5) did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.28). On univariate analysis, younger age, higher ASA grade, lower preoperative GCS, and motor-GCS, higher intraoperative blood and fluid administration and traumatic brain injury diagnosis were associated with poor outcome. On multivariable logistic regression. only lower preoperative motor-GCS remained the predictor of poor outcome.

Conclusions The concomitant presence of COVID-19 infection did not translate into poor outcome in patients undergoing neurosurgery. Preoperative motor-GCS predicted neurological outcome in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 neurosurgical patients.
Nacre-like composites with superior specific damping performance
Authors: Woigk Wilhelm , Poloni Erik , Grossman Madeleine , Bouville Florian , Masania Kunal , Studart André R.
Published: July 2022

Biological materials such as nacre have evolved microstructural design principles that result in outstanding mechanical properties. While nacre’s design concepts have led to bio-inspired materials with enhanced fracture toughness, the microstructural features underlying the remarkable damping properties of this biological material have not yet been fully explored in synthetic composites. Here, we study the damping behavior of nacre-like composites containing mineral bridges and platelet asperities as nanoscale structural features within its brick-and-mortar architecture. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to experimentally elucidate the role of these features on the damping response of the nacre-like composites. By enhancing stress transfer between platelets and at the brick/mortar interface, mineral bridges and nano-asperities were found to improve the damping performance of the composite to levels that surpass many biological and man-made materials. Surprisingly, the improved properties are achieved without reaching the perfect organization of the biological counterparts. Our nacre-like composites display a loss modulus 2.4-fold higher than natural nacre and 1.4-fold more than highly dissipative natural fiber composites. These findings shed light on the role of nanoscale structural features on the dynamic mechanical properties of nacre and offer design concepts for the manufacturing of bio-inspired composites for high-performance damping applications.
RALF1 peptide triggers biphasic root growth inhibition upstream of auxin biosynthesis
Authors: Li Lanxin , Chen Huihuang , Alotaibi Saqer S. , Pěnčík Aleš , Adamowski Maciek , Novák Ondřej , Friml Jiří
Published: July 2022

Plant cell growth responds rapidly to various stimuli, adapting architecture to environmental changes. Two major endogenous signals regulating growth are the phytohormone auxin and the secreted peptides rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs). Both trigger very rapid cellular responses and also exert long-term effects [Du
et al., Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.
71, 379–402 (2020); Blackburn
et al., Plant Physiol.
182, 1657–1666 (2020)]. However, the way, in which these distinct signaling pathways converge to regulate growth, remains unknown. Here, using vertical confocal microscopy combined with a microfluidic chip, we addressed the mechanism of RALF action on growth. We observed correlation between RALF1-induced rapid
Arabidopsis thaliana
root growth inhibition and apoplast alkalinization during the initial phase of the response, and revealed that RALF1 reversibly inhibits primary root growth through apoplast alkalinization faster than within 1 min. This rapid apoplast alkalinization was the result of RALF1-induced net H
+
influx and was mediated by the receptor FERONIA (FER). Furthermore, we investigated the cross-talk between RALF1 and the auxin signaling pathways during root growth regulation. The results showed that RALF-FER signaling triggered auxin signaling with a delay of approximately 1 h by up-regulating auxin biosynthesis, thus contributing to sustained RALF1-induced growth inhibition. This biphasic RALF1 action on growth allows plants to respond rapidly to environmental stimuli and also reprogram growth and development in the long term.
The psychophysiology of narrating distressing experiences
Authors: Pasupathi Monisha , Wainryb Cecilia , Bourne Stacia , Mansfield Cade
Published: July 2022

We examined patterns of psychophysiological arousal related to remembering and narrating distressing events, as compared to arousal while engaged in positive and neutral recall tasks. Narrating distressing events entailed increased arousal relative to remembering those events. Analyses of combined data showed that aggregate arousal during narration was related to post-narration reports of distress and self-perceptions. These results support conceptions of narration as an effortful form of regulation, and suggest insights about the process through which narrative construction may promote psychological and physiological benefits.