bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SlicerDMRI: Diffusion MRI and Tractography Research Software for Brain Cancer Surgery Planning and Visualization
Authors: Zhang Fan , Noh Thomas , Juvekar Parikshit , Frisken Sarah F. , Rigolo Laura , Norton Isaiah , Kapur Tina , Pujol Sonia , Wells William , Yarmarkovich Alex , Kindlmann Gordon , Wassermann Demian , San Jose Estepar Raul , Rathi Yogesh , Kikinis Ron , Johnson Hans J. , Westin Carl-Fredrik , Pieper Steve , Golby Alexandra J. , O’Donnell Lauren J.
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE

We present SlicerDMRI, an open-source software suite that enables research using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), the only modality that can map the white matter connections of the living human brain. SlicerDMRI enables analysis and visualization of dMRI data and is aimed at the needs of clinical research users. SlicerDMRI is built upon and deeply integrated with 3D Slicer, a National Institutes of Health–supported open-source platform for medical image informatics, image processing, and three-dimensional visualization. Integration with 3D Slicer provides many features of interest to cancer researchers, such as real-time integration with neuronavigation equipment, intraoperative imaging modalities, and multimodal data fusion. One key application of SlicerDMRI is in neurosurgery research, where brain mapping using dMRI can provide patient-specific maps of critical brain connections as well as insight into the tissue microstructure that surrounds brain tumors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

In this article, we focus on a demonstration of SlicerDMRI as an informatics tool to enable end-to-end dMRI analyses in two retrospective imaging data sets from patients with high-grade glioma. Analyses demonstrated here include conventional diffusion tensor analysis, advanced multifiber tractography, automated identification of critical fiber tracts, and integration of multimodal imagery with dMRI.

RESULTS

We illustrate the ability of SlicerDMRI to perform both conventional and advanced dMRI analyses as well as to enable multimodal image analysis and visualization. We provide an overview of the clinical rationale for each analysis along with pointers to the SlicerDMRI tools used in each.

CONCLUSION

SlicerDMRI provides open-source and clinician-accessible research software tools for dMRI analysis. SlicerDMRI is available for easy automated installation through the 3D Slicer Extension Manager.
Managing Oncology Services During a Major Coronavirus Outbreak: Lessons From the Saudi Arabia Experience
Authors: Jazieh Abdul-Rahman , Al Hadab Abdulrahman , Al Olayan Ashwaq , AlHejazi Ayman , Al Safi Faisal , Al Qarni Abullah , Farooqui Faisal , Al Mutairi Nashmia , Alenazi Thamer H.
Published: March 2020

Outbreaks of infectious etiology, particularly those caused by a novel virus that has no known treatment or vaccine, may result in the interruption of medical care provided to patients with cancer and put them at risk for undertreatment in addition to the risk of being exposed to infection, a life-threatening event among patients with cancer. This article describes the approach used to manage patients with cancer during a large-scale Middle East respiratory syndrome–coronavirus hospital outbreak in Saudi Arabia to ensure continuity of care and minimize harm from treatment interruption or acquiring infection. The approach taken toward managing this high-risk situation (COVID-19) could be easily adopted by health care organizations and would be helpful to ensure readiness for the occurrence of future outbreaks of different infectious etiologies like those recent episodes of new coronavirus.
Circulating Tumor DNA Predicts the Response and Prognosis in Patients With Early Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Li Shunying , Lai Hongna , Liu Jieqiong , Liu Yujie , Jin Liang , Li Yudong , Liu Fengtao , Gong Yuhua , Guan Yanfang , Yi Xin , Shi Qianfeng , Cai Zijie , Li Qian , Li Ying , Zhu Mengdi , Wang Jingru , Yang Yaping , Wei Wei , Yin Dong , Song Erwei , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE

Many patients with breast cancer still relapse after curative treatment. How to identify the ones with high relapse risk remains a critical problem. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has recently become a promising marker to monitor tumor burden. Whether ctDNA can be used to predict the response and prognosis in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is unknown. Our study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of the presence and dynamic change of ctDNA to predict the tumor response and prognosis in patients with breast cancer treated with NAC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Fifty-two patients with early breast cancer who underwent NAC were prospectively enrolled. Serial plasma samples before, during, and after NAC and paired tumor biopsies were harvested and subjected to deep targeted sequencing using a large next-generation sequencing panel that covers 1,021 cancer-related genes.

RESULTS

Positive baseline ctDNA was detected in 21 of 44 patients before NAC. Most patients with positive ctDNA had one or more mutations confirmed in paired primary tumor. The ctDNA level after 2 cycles of NAC was predictive of local tumor response after all cycles of NAC (area under the curve, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.00). ctDNA tracking during NAC outperformed imaging in predicting the overall response to NAC. More importantly, positive baseline ctDNA is significantly associated with worse disease-free survival ( P = .011) and overall survival ( P = .004) in patients with early breast cancer, especially in estrogen receptor–negative patients.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrated that ctDNA can be used to predict tumor response to NAC and prognosis in early breast cancer, providing information to tailor an individual’s therapeutic regimen.
Genetic Variation atPPP1R3BIncreases Hepatic CT Attenuation and Interacts With Prandial Status on Plasma Glucose
Authors: Seidelin Anne-Sofie , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Stender Stefan
Published: March 2020

Context

A common genetic variant near PPP1R3B (rs4841132G > A) has been associated with increased hepatic computed tomography (CT) attenuation and with plasma levels of glucose and liver enzymes.

Objective

To elucidate the association of rs4841132 with hepatic CT attenuation, and to test if synergistic effects modify the association of the variant with plasma glucose and liver enzymes.

Design

Population-based cohort study.

Setting and Participants

The Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study combined, totaling 107 192 individuals from the Danish general population. Hepatic CT scans were available in 6445 individuals.

Main Outcome Measures

Hepatic CT attenuation and plasma levels of glucose and liver enzymes.

Results

The rs4841132 A-allele (rs4841132-A) was associated with higher hepatic CT attenuation (P = 5 × 10−6). The probability of carrying rs4841132-A increased with higher hepatic CT attenuation in the range above 65 Hounsfield units, but remained constant at the range below (P = 4 × 10−8 for nonlinearity). Rs4841132-A was associated with up to 0.17 mmol/L higher plasma glucose in fasting individuals, but with up to 0.17 mmol/L lower glucose in postprandial individuals (P = 6 × 10−5 for interaction between rs4841132 and time since last meal on plasma glucose). Finally, rs4841132-A was associated with up to 2 U/L higher plasma alanine transaminase (P = 3 × 10−6). This association was not modified by adiposity, alcohol intake, or steatogenic genetic risk.

Conclusions

Rs4841132-A associates with higher hepatic CT attenuation in a distinctly nonlinear manner, and its association with plasma glucose depends on prandial status. The overall association pattern supports that rs4841132-A promotes hepatic glycogen synthesis postprandially.
“The Desire to Banish Any Constraint in Clothing”
Authors: Van Cleave Kendra
Published: March 2020

Led by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Enlightenment concerns about the negative consequences of luxury and artifice, as well as clothing's physical and moral effects, meant that by the late eighteenth century naturalism, simplicity, comfort, health, and morality had become the bywords of dress. In the newly invented French fashion press, editors adopted philosophes' arguments to resolve potential conflicts between consumption and Enlightenment ideas. However, they did so primarily with Ottoman-inspired French fashions rather than with the English styles that have thus far been the primary scholarly concern. Turquerie—Turkish-focused Orientalism—allowed the creators of these magazines to connect fashion to Enlightenment principles while reinforcing consumption through more subtle promotions of luxury; moreover, unlike the democratically linked English-inspired styles that followed, turquerie did not challenge France's autocratic monarchy.

Dans la seconde moitié du dix-huitième siècle, le mouvement des Lumières a eu des effets considérables sur la culture française, notamment sur l'habillement et l'apparence. Soulevées par le philosophe Jean-Jacques Rousseau, les préoccupations des Lumières au sujet des méfaits du luxe et de l'artifice, ainsi que les conséquences physiques et morales du port du vêtement, ont fait du naturalisme, de la simplicité, du confort, de la santé et de la moralité les maîtres mots du vêtement à la fin du dix-huitième siècle. Dans la presse de mode française, nouvellement créée, les éditeurs adoptèrent les arguments des philosophes afin de résoudre les conflits potentiels entre la consommation et les idées des Lumières. Cependant, ils le firent principalement à travers la promotion des modes françaises d'inspiration ottomane, plutôt qu'avec les styles anglais qui jusque-là ont fait l'objet de nombreuses études. La turquerie—l'orientalisme turc—permit en effet aux éditeurs des journaux de réconcilier la mode avec les principes des Lumières tout en renforçant l'incitation à la consommation via la promotion du luxe par des moyens plus subtils. Contrairement aux styles d'inspiration anglaise liés à la démocratie qui s'en suivirent, la turquerie ne remettait pas en cause la monarchie autocratique française.
Dressing the Eiffel Tower
Authors: Stempniak Kasia
Published: March 2020

The construction of the Eiffel Tower for the 1889 Universal Exposition sparked “Eiffelomania,” a craze for objects imprinted with the likeness of the tower. This mania reverberated in the fashion world, with journals touting the latest fabrics, colors, and styles named “Eiffel.” But the tower's association with fashion went beyond the materiality of clothing. Careful examination of news reports and fashion chronicles from the fin de siècle period reveals that the tower was frequently cast in sartorial terms. In describing the tower's manner of “dressing,” its “clothing” and “outfits,” these discourses brought to the fore the shared theoretical bonds between fashion and architecture. This article traces the reception of the Eiffel Tower in fin de siècle Paris and argues that the sartorial imagery associated with the tower conceptualizes architecture as a form of fashion.

La construction de la Tour Eiffel à l'occasion de l'Exposition universelle de 1889 a déclenché l' « Eiffelomanie », un engouement pour toute une série d'objets réalisés à l'effigie de la Tour Eiffel. Cette obsession a eu des échos jusque dans le monde de la mode grâce aux journaux de mode qui promouvaient des étoffes, des couleurs, et des styles à la « Eiffel ». Mais l'association de la Tour Eiffel et de la mode ne s'est pas limitée à la matérialité des vêtements. Une analyse attentive des chroniques de mode démontre que la Tour Eiffel était souvent évoquée à travers des termes empruntés au lexique vestimentaire. En décrivant « l'habillement » de la Tour Eiffel, ses « robes » ou ses « toilettes », ces discours mettaient en évidence les liens théoriques que partagaient la mode et l'architecture. Cet article s'intéresse à la réception que la Tour Eiffel a eue dans le Paris fin-de-siècle, et soutient l'idée selon laquelle le champ lexical vestimentaire associé à la Tour Eiffel conceptualisait l'architecture comme une forme de la mode.
Diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for breast lesions of different sizes: a comparative study with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Li Chunxiao , Yao Minghua , Shao Sihui , Li Xin , Li Gang , Wu Rong
Published: March 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), MRI, and the combined use of the two modalities for differentiating breast lesions of different sizes.

Methods:

A total of 406 patients with 406 solid breast masses detected by conventional ultrasound underwent both CEUS and MRI scans. Histological results were used as reference standards. The lesions were categorized into three groups according to size (Group 1, ≤ 20 mm; Group 2, > 20 mm, Group 3: total lesions). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to assess the diagnostic performance of these imaging methods for breast lesions.

Results:

There were 194 benign and 212 malignant breast lesions according to the histological diagnosis. Compared with MRI, CEUS demonstrated similar sensitivity in detecting breast cancer (p = 1.0000 for all) in all the three groups. With regard to specificity, accuracy, and the area under the ROC curve (Az) values, MRI showed a better performance than that shown by CEUS (p ＜0.05 for all), and the combination of the two modalities improved the diagnostic performance of CEUS alone significantly (p ＜0.05 for all) in all the three groups. However, the diagnostic specificity and accuracy of the combined method was not superior to that of MRI alone except for Group 2.

Conclusion:

CEUS demonstrated good sensitivity in detecting breast cancer, and the combined use with MRI can optimize the diagnostic specificity and accuracy in breast cancer prediction.

Advances in knowledge:

Few studies have compared the diagnostic efficacy of CEUS and MRI, and this study is the first attempt to seek out the diagnostic values for breast lesions of variable sizes (lesions with ≤20 mm and >20 mm).
AlignmentViewer: Sequence Analysis of Large Protein Families
Authors: Reguant Roc , Antipin Yevgeniy , Sheridan Rob , Dallago Christian , Diamantoukos Drew , Luna Augustin , Sander Chris , Gauthier Nicholas Paul
Published: March 2020

AlignmentViewer is a web-based tool to view and analyze multiple sequence alignments of protein families. The particular strengths of AlignmentViewer include flexible visualization at different scales as well as analysis of conservation patterns and of the distribution of proteins in sequence space. The tool is directly accessible in web browsers without the need for software installation. It can handle protein families with tens of thousands of sequences and is particularly suitable for evolutionary coupling analysis, e.g. via EVcouplings.org.
Anti-corruption as one of the key vectors of state policy: world and Russian experience
Authors: Alekseev Roman
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the article is to study the anti-corruption policy in Russia and abroad, identify and characterize the main anti-corruption strategies. Comparative studies were chosen as the main method of scientific research, and case studies were used to analyze the anti-corruption strategies of a number of countries: the United States, great Britain, Germany, New Zealand, Denmark, Finland, China, Japan and Singapore; in comparison with Russia. The causes of corruption are analyzed, and measures aimed at preventing it are identified. It is hypothesized that only by using various anti-corruption strategies in combination, it is possible to effectively resist corruption. Three main strategies are identified: systematic elimination of the causes of corruption, aimed at reducing the risks and losses from corruption; a strategy of war, based on the use of punitive measures against corrupt officials; a strategy of conscious passivity, when the government does not actually take measures to eliminate corruption. In Russia during the 90's and up to 2008. the strategy of conscious passivity was applied, then we switched to a strategy of systematic elimination of the causes that generate corruption. The theoretical significance of the research results presented in the article is a review of the world and Russian experience in countering corruption and the measures used, and an assessment of their effectiveness in fighting it.
M.M. Speransky: at the origins of Russian liberalism
Authors: Matyukhin A.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this work is to identify the role and significance of M. M. Speransky as the founder of a theoretically sound, holistic and systemic liberal doctrine in Russia. The article uses such methods of scientific research as the historical method, the retrospective method, and the hermeneutical method. The question of the founding fathers of Russian liberalism, which ideologically has a serious impact on all spheres of modern public life, continues to be quite controversial in the historical and political science literature. From the research position of the author of the article, it is M. M. Speransky stands at the origins of Russian liberalism. During the were identified the most important theoretical parameters of the richest philosophical, political, legal heritage of Speransky, on which were based all the ideologues of Russian liberalism, till our days: the adoption of Western political experience, a focus on the formation of civil society in Russia, the need for government guarantees the rights and freedoms of the individual, etc. these parameters are presented as individual subsections, at the end conclusions and generalizations. The article also provides information about the personality of M. M. Speransky, the most important stages of his biography and political and legal activities. According to Speransky, the effectiveness of ways, methods and forms of Russian transformations increases with the skillful borrowing of Western experience, gradual "grafting" of useful elements of the legal system and political culture of the advanced countries of Western Europe. He saw his political mission as the reorganization of Russian absolutism and potential despotism into a form of constitutional monarchy based on the separation of powers and subordination to a single ("root") law. The "root law" should provide for the interests and aspirations of all the main elements of society, and the rights and freedoms of all Russian citizens will be firmly respected. This will also ensure a response from the bottom up, an increase in social activity of the population, the development of social and individual self-activity, and the emancipation of entrepreneurial talents. M. M. Speransky justified the relationship between the development of liberal trends and the need to form a full-fledged civil society in Russia. The importance of M. M. Speransky gave social mobility for the successful development of society, defended the facilitated opportunities for intersectional movements of Russian subjects.
A Nationally Oriented Russian Language Textbook for Foreigners (RFL) in Croatian Audience. What Should It Be Like?
Authors: Koneva Natal'ya , Zalović Ana
Published: March 2020

The topicality of the stated topic is due to the lack of nationally oriented Russian language textbooks in Croatia. Russian-Croatian relations from the XVIII century to the present day are briefly reviewed in the article and attention is paid to the history of Russian language learning in Croatia. The paper touches upon the topic of intercultural communication, which is particularly important for the organization of educational process, in which the teacher of Russian as a foreign language must take into account the national and cultural students’ characteristics. A survey among teachers of Russian as a foreign language and language school students in Croatia was conducted by the authors of this article in order to substantiate prerequisites for creating a nationally oriented Russian language textbook. Russian language teachers’ methodical preferences, aims of studying Russian language and possible factors which can increase students’ motivation are shown; most often difficulties linked to mastering the Russian language are revealed, the same as teachers’ and students’ recommendations regarding a creation of nationally oriented Russian language textbook for elementary level.
Language Means for Expressing Evaluation in Modern Discourse
Authors: Prosvirkina Irina
Published: March 2020

This article is devoted to the definition of the concept of language means of expressing assessment (positive — negative, tolerant — intolerant) and the description of lexical units expressing assessment in the modern text. The importance of the study is determined by the fact that communicants should competently use the language means of assessment in speech to achieve mutual understanding. The author selected and analyzed lexical units, allowing the communicant to express a positive or negative assessment in the process of speech interaction. These lexical units were analyzed based on materials from various linguistic dictionaries; according to the results of the survey; based on the materials of the National Corps of the Russian Language.As a result, changes in the assessment of a number of lexical units were identified, as well as some factors that affect these changes were identified.
Verbalization of the Idea of Indifference in Social Advertising
Authors: Milovanova M. , Ryabova A.
Published: March 2020

The article considers the problem of indifference through the prism of world history. One of the main fighters against indifference is social advertising. As a result of the analysis of verbal features of outdoor social advertising the ways of transformation of the idea of indifference into verbal and logical forms are defined and illustrated.
Value Aspect of Branding Communication
Authors: Koshlyakova Mariya
Published: March 2020

High segmentation in product markets forces brands to increasingly consider value aspects in their communication with their target audiences. Values are included in the brand positioning system, they show which consumer segments it is intended for and what needs it meets. The brand’s values are largely reflected in its corporate philosophy, which gives rise to the company’s motto, mission and vision of the market situation. The main direction of brand communication policy is precisely the appeal to the consumer’s value perception of the world, which in some cases is declarative. Each cultural community has its own set of values. The article considers the method of brand communication with an appeal to different motivational types. The set of brand values also determines the choice of a certain advertising symbol, a character who speaks on behalf of the organization at events and in the media.
Relaxing the Nonsingularity Assumption for Intervals of Totally Nonnegative Matrices
Authors: Garloff Jürgen , Adm Mohammad , Al Muhtaseb Khawla , Ghani Ayed Abedel
Published: March 2020

Totally nonnegative matrices, i.e., matrices having all their minors nonnegative, and matrix intervals with respect to the checkerboard partial order are considered. It is proven that if the two bound matrices of such a matrix interval are totally nonnegative and satisfy certain conditions, then all matrices from this interval are totally nonnegative and satisfy these conditions, too, hereby relaxing the nonsingularity condition in the former paper [M. Adm and J. Garloff. Intervals of totally nonnegative matrices. Linear Algebra Appl., 439:3796--3806, 2013.].
On the mean and dispersion of the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of a Wishart matrix
Authors: Imori Shinpei , Von Rosen Dietrich
Published: March 2020

The Moore-Penrose inverse of a singular Wishart matrix is studied. When the scale matrix equals the identity matrix the mean and dispersion matrices of the Moore-Penrose inverse are known. When the scale matrix has an arbitrary structure no exact results are available. The article complements the existing literature by deriving upper and lower bounds for the expectation and an upper bound for the dispersion of the Moore-Penrose inverse. The results show that the bounds become large when the number of rows (columns) of the Wishart matrix are close to the degrees of freedom of the distribution.
A Semantic Model for Security Evaluation of Information Systems
Authors: Doynikova Elena , Fedorchenko Andrey , Kotenko Igor
Published: March 2020

Modern information systems are characterized by huge security related data streams. For cyber security management in such systems, novel models and techniques for efficient processing of these data streams are required. The paper considers development and application of a semantic model for security evaluation. The proposed model is represented as the ontology of metrics that is based on the relations between sources of security related data, primary features of initial security data and goals of security evaluation. The set of hierarchically interconnected security metrics is mapped to the data features and security evaluation goals. The relations between these metrics within the proposed ontology provide the basis for security evaluation technique. The paper introduces the proposed ontology and its foundations, and briefly describes the developed technique. The analysis of data in the open sources is conducted, and the case study is provided to show applicability of the approach.
Thermo-optic instabilities in asymmetric dual-core amplifiers
Authors: Lægsgaard Jesper , Poli Federica , Cucinotta Annamaria , Selleri Stefano
Published: March 2020

Dynamical thermo-optic instabilities in asymmetric dual-core fiber amplifiers are investigated by numerical simulations. A coupled-mode model capable of describing the asymmetric dual-core structure is derived, and structures with various levels of refractive-index asymmetry from

10

−
6

to

10

−
4

are studied. The most viable route to avoid thermally induced power signal field fluctuations is found to be core decoupling via large separation and strong refractive-index asymmetry. A design criterion for this strategy to be effective is suggested based on the numerical results.
Deep Neural Networks for Designing Integrated Photonics
Authors: Kojima Keisuke , Tahersima Mohammad H. , Koike-Akino Toshiaki , Jha Devesh , Tang Yingheng , Wang Ye , Parsons Kieran , Sang Fengqiao , Klamkin Jonathan
Published: March 2020

We present two different approaches to apply deep learning to inverse design for nanophotonic devices. First, we use a regression model, with device parameters as inputs and device responses as outputs, or vice versa. Second, we use a novel generative model to create a series of improved designs. We demonstrate them to design nanophotonic power splitters with multiple splitting ratios.
Demonstration of carpet cloaking by an anisotropic zero refractive index medium
Authors: Bor Emre , Gorkem Yasa Utku , Kurt Hamza , Turduev Mırbek
Published: March 2020

In this Letter, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate the carpet cloaking effect by a rectangular lattice two-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) exhibiting a semi-Dirac cone (SDC) dispersion phenomenon. The proposed SDC PC with an anisotropic zero refractive index medium operates as an optical carpet cloak for a perfect electric conductor surface bump. The experimental verification of the cloak is realized at microwave frequencies at around 12.1 GHz via dielectric rods. A good agreement between experimental measurements and numerical calculations is observed. Finally, features such as rendering larger objects invisible are possible with the proposed idea.
Effect of electron-transfer quenching on the photoluminescence of Pr3+ in MgXO3 (X = Ge,Si)
Authors: Huang Xiao , Zhao Xiyu , Yu Zengchao , Liu Yichun , Wang Aiying , Wang Xiao-jun , Liu Feng
Published: March 2020

Understanding the effect of electron-transfer quenching on the photoluminescence (PL) of phosphors is important but often underestimated. Here we study the PL of two Pr3+-doped phosphors, MgGeO3:Pr and MgSiO3:Pr, which share analogous chemical formulas but exhibit different PL performances. Ultraviolet and red emissions dominate the PL of MgSiO3:Pr at room temperature, while the ultraviolet emission is absent in MgGeO3:Pr. A photoionization experiment, which is based on thermoluminescence excitation spectroscopy, reveals that an impurity-trapped exciton state quenches the 4f5d state of Pr3+ in MgGeO3. We believe that the present experimental approach, as well as the associated physical insight on the electron-transfer quenching, is generally applicable for many existing phosphors.
Relationship between glass structure and spectroscopic properties in Er3+/Yb3+/Al3+/P5+-doped silica glasses
Authors: Shao Chongyun , Wang Fan , Jiao Yan , Wang Shikai , Wang Xin , Yu Chunlei , Hu Lili
Published: March 2020

In this study, Er3+/Yb3+/Al3+/P5+-doped silica (simplified as EYAPS) glasses with different P/Al ratios ranging from zero to infinity were fabricated via the sol-gel method combined with high-temperature sintering. The absorption, emission and fluorescence lifetime of Yb3+ and Er3+ ions as well as the energy transfer efficiency from Yb3+ to Er3+ ions were recorded. The composition-dependent macroscopic properties were correlated to the glass structures, and probed by pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that the spectral properties of Er3+ and Yb3+ ions and their local environment as well as the global glass network structure of EYAPS glasses are strongly dominated by the P/Al ratio. With the increase of the P/Al ratio, pulse EPR shows that rare earth ions gradually moved from a silicon and aluminum rich environment to a phosphorus rich environment. Raman spectroscopy shows that the maximum phonon energy of EYAPS samples gradually increases from 1200 to 1326 cm−1 due to the formation of AlPO4-like units and P = O double bonds. These structural changes lead to a gradual increase of peak absorption and emission cross sections of Er3+ ions at 1.5 µm, as well as the energy transfer efficiency of 2F5/2 level of Yb3+ to 4I11/2 level of Er3+ ions.
Sequence-coded coherent laser ranging with high detection sensitivity
Authors: Shemer Keren , Bashan Gil , Diamandi H. Hagai , London Yosef , Raanan Tzur , Israelashvili Yochai , Charny Alon , Cohen Itzik , Bergman Arik , Levanon Nadav , Zadok Avi
Published: March 2020

The compression of extended, coded sequences allows for laser ranging measurements with low peak power levels. Previous realizations of this approach were restricted by additive noise of direct, incoherent detection. In this work we bring together pulse sequence coding and optical coherent detection to achieve very high sensitivity. Collected sequences with an overall energy equivalent to only 800 photons are successfully compressed. The observed sensitivity agrees with analytic predictions. Compared with incoherent detection, measurement durations are reduced by four orders of magnitude. The protocol is suitable for laser ranging over tens of kilometers, depending on atmospheric conditions.
So, who is responsible? A framing analysis of newspaper coverage of electoral violence in Zimbabwe
Authors: Munoriyarwa Allen
Published: March 2020

This study examines how the 2008 election violence was framed in three mainstream Zimbabwean weekly newspapers – The Sunday Mail, The Independent and The Zimbabwean. It was noted that four frames – the victim, justice and human rights, trivialization and attribution of responsibility frames dominated the coverage of electoral violence in these three newspapers. The dominance of the trivializing frame in The Sunday Mail privileged the ruling party’s (Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front; ZANU PF) interpretation of electoral violence as inconsequential to the electoral process. Simultaneously, the prevalence of the victim, justice and human rights frames in The Independent and The Zimbabwean newspapers signifies the private media’s obsession with ZANU PF’s alleged electoral malpractices and situates these alleged transgressions within a broad global social justice and human rights trajectory to cultivate the West’s sympathy with the ‘victimised’ opposition.
Univariate associations between housing, management, and facility design factors and the prevalence of lameness lesions in fourteen small-scale dairy farms in Northeastern Algeria
Authors: Dendani-Chadi Zoubida , Saidani Khelaf , Dib Loubna , Zeroual Fayçal , Sammar Faouzi , Benakhla Ahmed
Published: March 2020

Background and Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the associations between different types of housing, management, and facilities on the prevalence of lame, causing lesions in smallholder dairy farms in Algeria. Materials and Methods: The on-site investigation took place between December 2012 and May 2015. All cows were locomotion scored on a four-point scale, and foot lesions causing lame were diagnosed and recorded. Factors related to the farm and the cows' conditions were also assessed. The association between the possible risk factors and lame lesions was assessed using univariate analysis. Results: Of the 349 cows evaluated, 13% were lame (lameness score ≥2), with higher lameness values recorded for the hind feet than for the forefeet. Cows without lameness were classified as healthy. The two most frequent lesion diagnoses observed in lame cows were interdigital dermatitis/heel horn erosion (ID/HE; 39%) and interdigital phlegmon (IP; 35%), followed by traumatic lesions (T; 11%), digital dermatitis (DD; 8.7%), and laminitis-related diseases (L; 6.5%). The risk of being lame was increased in large herds with cows of the Holstein breed, and those in the third parity and above. Tie housing, concrete floor, concentrate feeding, zero-grazing, and the use of foot trimming occasionally were associated with increased risk for the presence of lame lesions. The region and footbathing frequency had no association with the prevalence of lame lesions (p≥0.05). Conclusion: These results have important implications; they indicate that several aspects of housing, management, and facility design are common protective factors for the prevalence of lame lesions. These factors should be maintained correctly to not only reduce the number of lame cows in these herds but also decrease the direct and indirect costs associated with cases of lameness.
TRATAMIENTO METODOLÓGICO DE LA COEDUCACIÓN A TRAVÉS DEL JUEGO SIMBÓLICO, EN UN AULA DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL.
Authors: Cruz Purificación Cruz , Rodríguez Torres Javier , Martín Pavón Silvia
Published: March 2020

La investigación consiste en un estudio sobre coeducación, para verificar si se produce un comportamiento discriminatorio entre los niños en la educación de la primera infancia. El profesor para los 22 alumnos (11 niños y 11 niños) de 4 a 5 años, del centro de Toledo (España). Llevar a cabo una propuesta de intervención en las actas, las líneas mecánicas y de construcción, para evaluar y verificar con qué frecuencia ocurren las intervenciones escolares en los idiomas respectivos y qué conducta se está llevando a cabo en ellas. Se ha seguido una metodología mixta de estudios de casos, utilizando pautas psicométricas para confirmar la aceptación y el rechazo (por parte de los jóvenes y los jóvenes) de los iconos mencionados y este comportamiento varió a través de la intervención didáctica del maestro. Lograr resultados deslumbrantes desde donde los niños han tenido una mejor predisposición a investigar en nuevos espacios coeducativos que los niños. Contando con la importancia del tratamiento pedagógico en la escuela desde la antigüedad
LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA IDENTIDAD A TRAVÉS DE LOS CUENTOS INFANTILES: UN ESTUDIO DE CASO
Authors: Marí Rosa María , Barranco Rut , Hipólito Natalia
Published: March 2020

El texto, parte de la premisa de concebir la literatura infantil como una potente herramienta educativa para niños y niñas, es cómo se relaciona con el género y la construcción de identidades, basándose en el concepto de la forma de la forma en que puede representarse. . de realidades que vivieron niños y niñas.Por lo tanto, se considera si los cuprees infantiles están representados sexistamente en los cuentos. Para abordar esta realidad, implementa una metodología cualitativa basada en el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD), como una herramienta para un enfoque crítico de la realidad. De esta forma, analizamos los cuentos La ley del mar y el misterio de las 101 cuevas.La conclusión extraída de los análisis es que en estas conferencias persisten los estereotipos de género y las siguientes posiciones de dominación y poder que aparecen a través de sus personajes.
TORNAR-SE CIENTISTA: NARRATIVAS DE MULHERES PESQUISADORAS NO CONTINENTE ANTÁRTICO
Authors: R. Almeida Maria Rozana , Costa Ribeiro Paula Regina , Machado Vilaça Maria Teresa
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo tem, como foco, analisar as dificuldades e os obstáculos encontrados nas narrativas de mulheres cientistas, em um ambiente inóspito, de difícil acesso e majoritariamente masculino, como o Continente Antártico. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, o estudo busca dar visibilidade às narrativas de três pesquisadoras coordenadoras e de cinco pesquisadoras alunas, com experiências em embarques, estação e/ou acampamentos, nas quais é possível perceber que, nas relações de gênero, a partir de uma materialidade biológica, discursos são construídos, em função de atributos ditos masculinos ou femininos. Tais discursos indicam as atividades que podem ou não ser executadas por mulheres cientistas, emergindo, nos enunciados, aspectos que configuram discriminações, preconceitos velados como cuidados, o “funil” maternidade e o modo “feminino” de fazer ciência.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Relações de gênero.  Antártica.  Ciência.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF CEMENT PASTE MICROSTRUCTURE AND ITS HYDRATION UNDER SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO ACETONE
Authors: Khmurovska Yuliia , Štemberk Petr , Němeček Jiří , Doleželová Magdaléna
Published: March 2020

The solvent exchange methods are commonly used in order to arrest cement hydration reaction. This paper presents preliminary results of experimental investigation of cement paste microstructure under short-term (24 hours) exposure to acetone as a solvent in order to estimate the influence of solvent soaking time. The methodology to determine the effect of soaking time based on numerical prediction is also presented and described. The immersion of cement samples with the cross-section of 10×10 mm in acetone for 24 hours at the sample age of 15 hours does not enable to fully stop the hydration reaction, however, it can slow down the hydration reaction significantly. According to the comparison of several measured data (nanoindentation, scanning electron microscopy, observation made by optical microscope, mercury intrusion porosimetry) at the sample age of 1 month with the numerical simulation, the equivalent sample age is determined as approximately equal to 69 hours.
RESPONSE AND DAMAGE EVOLUTION OF SINGLE EDGE NOTCHED TIMBER BEAMS UNDER THREE-POINT BENDING
Authors: Šmídová Eliška , Kabele Petr , Šejnoha Michal
Published: March 2020

Two groups of small-size single edge notched beams (SENB) made of European spruce (Picea abies) were tested in three-point bending (3PB) until failure under displacement control. The first group comprised of eight solid and two glued laminated (GL) timber beams manufactured with (a) the single edge notch at the bottom of the mid-span and (b) the reduced ligament depth. The second group consisted of four GL timber beams with the single edge notch only. We employed digital image correlation (DIC) to quantify strains and displacements, capture the damage evolution, and track the sequence of failure patterns. In this work, we present response of the beams in terms of load vs. crosshead displacement of the moving crosshead and load vs. crack tip opening displacement (CTOD).
DESIGN OF TUNED MASS DAMPERS FOR LARGE STRUCTURES USING MODAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Štepánek Jan , Máca Jiří
Published: March 2020

Tuned mass damper is a device, which can be highly useful when dealing with excessive vibration and is widely used in many engineering fields. However, its proper design and optimization is a complicated task. This study uses mode superposition method to speed up the evaluation of dynamic response. The speed of response calculation allows for a quick calculation of frequency response function and numerical optimization of tuned mass dampers. This optimization method is demonstrated on a numerical example of a cable stayed footbridge. The example compares a simplified and widely used design method of tuned mass damper with numerical optimization.
ON OPTIMUM DESIGN OF FRAME STRUCTURES
Authors: Tyburec Marek , Zeman Jan , Kružík Martin , Henrion Didier
Published: March 2020

Optimization of frame structures is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem, which is currently solved to local optimality. In this contribution, we investigate four optimization approaches: (i) general non-linear optimization, (ii) optimality criteria method, (iii) non-linear semidefinite programming, and (iv) polynomial optimization. We show that polynomial optimization solves the frame structure optimization to global optimality by building the (moment-sums-of-squares) hierarchy of convex linear semidefinite programming problems, and it also provides guaranteed lower and upper bounds on optimal design. Finally, we solve three sample optimization problems and conclude that the local optimization approaches may indeed converge to local optima, without any solution quality measure, or even to infeasible points. These issues are readily overcome by using polynomial optimization, which exhibits a finite convergence, at the prize of higher computational demands.
Neurociencia y educación
Authors: Prieto Navarro Leonor
Published: March 2020

Es una realidad innegable: lo neuro está de moda. Y no solo en contextos tan distintos como la arquitectura, las finanzas, la dirección de empresas o el marketing. También en el ámbito educativo se está girando hacia esta realidad que no es otra que alertar al profesorado de lo importante que es conocer determinados aspectos del funcionamiento del cerebro que, de algún modo, pueden afectar a la calidad del aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Prácticas docentes internacionales
Authors: Torre Puente Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

Llegar a convertirse en maestro requiere de una vocación personal, de una formación teórica amplia, de una experiencia práctica a lo largo de los estudios y de una reflexión continuada sobre el ejercicio profesional. En este artículo se analiza la contribución de las prácticas docentes internacionales a este proceso.
IT-Sicherheit im Wettstreit um die erste autonome Fahrzeugflotte
Authors: Zander Tim , Birnstill Pascal , Kaiser Florian , Wiens Marcus , Beyerer Jürgen , Schultmann Frank
Published: March 2020

In der Fahrzeugindustrie halten aktuell eine Reihe von Neuerungen Einzug. So sorgen neben dem Umstieg auf E‑Mobilität hochtechnologische Assistenzsysteme in Fahrzeugen für einschneidende Veränderungen. Eine weitere mit diesen neuen Systemen einhergehende Neuerung ist, dass Autos nun wie Smartphones mit regelmäßigen Updates versorgt werden. Der Hersteller Tesla behauptet sogar, seine Autos in Zukunft per Softwareupdate zum vollautonomen Fahrzeug upgraden zu können. Diese Entwicklung kann zu einer nicht nachhaltigen und risikoreichen Entwicklung der IT‑Security und der Umweltbilanz des Fahrzeugsektors führen.
(Auto)percepcja tożsamości w ujęciu współczesnej młodzieży na podstawie Oblicza Szymona Kołody
Authors: Judzińska Aneta
Published: March 2020

The author, by taking into account popular and scientific discourse about “liquid”, “globalized” identity (viewed in the context of various social and family roles), attempts to reconstruct an image of a contemporary teenager’s identity, referring to “The Face”, a 2-minute impression by seventeen year old Szymon Kołoda. On this basis she shows areas of participation of contemporary young people, who balance between two realities: the real and the virtual one. The author supports her reasoning with the concept of hybrid identity by Zygmunt Bauman and the global teenager / culture of diffusion by Zbyszko Melosik. The aim of this article is to make a subjective, socio-psychological interpretation of identity creations present in Szymon Kołoda’s picture, rather than psychological diagnosis of the teenage actor’s “inner integrity”.
Dziecko w pogoni za szczęściem. Pozory szczęśliwego dzieciństwa
Authors: Kuszak Kinga
Published: March 2020

The article tackles the issue of the contemporary childhood. The author notes that in search of a happy childhood, the essence of childhood is often lost. Instead of a genuinely careless and happy childhood, the reality created for today’s children is full of appearances. In her discussion of the subject, the author refers to a selected approach to happiness. She also identifies, based on Janusz Czapiński’s proposal, the difference between happiness and feeling happy. She points to the fact that 21st-century life is an endless chase after the future, lacking the opportunity to focus on here and now. Childhood too is treated as a race towards adulthood. In the course of her argument, the author identifies and describes selected styles of creating a happy childhood: an abundant childhood, an active childhood, a childhood in the limelight, a boundless childhood, a childhood among people. Concluding her argument, the author proposes that instead of chasing happiness and creating the appearances of a happy childhood for children, it might be better to simply slow down the pace of life when possible and value the present. After all, “sharing the joy of life is the essence of a satisfying child-parent relationship”. The author also discusses the role of the teacher as a person supporting the parents in their parenting roles.
The degree of social and educational integration and absorption of Arab Bedouin female students in teacher training institutions in Israel
Authors: Abu-Ajaj Abraheem
Published: March 2020

The issue of the process of integration and absorption of Arab Bedouin female students in teacher training institutions in Israel constitutes a significant yet critical chapter in the course of forming the personal and professional identity of the prospective teacher. The main purpose of this article is to describe the difficulties experienced by Arab Bedouin female students during the process of their social and educational integration and absorption in teacher training institutions. Also, to deal with the differences between Arab and Jewish teacher training institutions. Furthermore, to what extent the cultural encounter is perceived by the students that would enable them to have social and educational integration.The study involved 200 Bedouin Arab female students living in the Negev and learning in four teacher-training colleges in Israel; Kaye College of Education, Achva College, Sakhnin College for teacher training and Al-Qasmi College. The students answered a questionnaire that was written for this study. The findings of the study indicated many difficulties in the process of absorbing and integrating Arab Bedouin students in various teacher-training institutions in the country. Not to mention, language difficulties experienced by them with regard to reading articles and writing papers, not in their native tongue. The multicultural encounter between the different genders also poses a great difficulty in addition to the age difference between Arab and Jewish students. Furthermore, the policy of the Israeli academic institutions does not fully represent the Arab culture and in the interaction between the academic and administrative staff and the Arab Bedouin students.