bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Experiential Exhibitions Based on Conservation Science Content of
Bronze Mirror
Authors: Jo Young Hoon , Kim Jikio , Yun Yong Hyun , Cho Nam Chul , Lee Chan Hee
Published: September 2021

In museums, exhibition content focuses mostly on cultural heritage’s historical values and functions, but doing so tends to limit visitors’ interest and immersion. To counter this limitation, the study developed an experiential media art exhibition fusing bronze mirrors’ traditional production technology and modern conservation science. First, for the exhibition system, scientific cultural heritage contents were projected on the three-dimensional (3D) printed bronze mirror through interactions between motion recognition digital information display (DID) and the projector. Then, a scenario of 17 missions in four stages (production process, corrosion mechanism, scientific analysis and diagnosis, and conservation treatment and restoration) was prepared according to the temporal spectrum. Additionally, various media art effects and interaction technologies were developed, so visitors could understand and become immersed in bronze mirrors’ scientific content. A user test was evaluated through the living lab, reflecting generally high levels of satisfaction (90.2 points). Qualitative evaluation was generally positive, with comments such as “easy to understand and useful as the esoteric science exhibition was combined with media art” (16.7%), “wonderful and interesting” (11.7%), and “firsthand experience was good” (9.2%). By combining an esoteric science exhibition centered on principles and theories with visual media art and by developing an immersive directing method to provide high-level exhibition technology, the exhibition induced visitors’ active participation. This exhibition’s content can become an important platform for expanding universal museum exhibitions on archaeology, history, and art into conservation science.
A Basic Research for Preservation of Works Exhibited in the Outdoor Sculpture
Park - A Scientific Analys is of Painted Work ‘Conversion’ Exhibited in the
Cheonmasan Sculpture Park -
Authors: Oh Seung-Jun , Wi Koang-Chul
Published: September 2021

Outdoor sculptures of modern art works are being damaged and deteriorated as they are exposed to the outdoor environment due to the nature of exhibition in the outdoor environment, but secure of basic data through the measures for conservation and advanced researches still remain in the early stage. The surface of “Conversion” which is exhibited in the Busan Cheonmasan Sculpture Park has been exfoliated and deteriorated due to outdoor exhibition for a long time, so systematic conservation and management of works are considered necessary. Prior to the conservation and management, this study conducted observation of cross section, analysis of inorganic components, FT-IR, Raman and Py-GC/Mass analysis to examine the nature and type of paints used for the work through a scientific analysis. As a result of analysis, paints used for the “Conversion” include paint mixed with silvery aluminium powder and white pigment, reddish paint mixed with toluidine red, bluish paint that mixed prussian blue and titanium white and mixture of phthalocyanine blue and titanium white. The result is expected to be used as basic data for selecting materials necessary for conservative treatment of and establishing a plan for conservative treatment of the “Conversion”.
Scientific Analysis on the Accessory Ornament of Woolen Tapestry Curtain in
Seoul Museum of Craft Art
Authors: Choi Jaewan , Lee Jangjon , An Boyeon
Published: September 2021

Woolen tapestry curtains possessed by the Seoul Museum of Craft Art were used to hung on the wall or used for carpets in the winter season in the late Joseon dynasty. Since similar artifacts were only used for the curtain as functional aspects, woolen tapestry curtains were a rare case. In this study, scientific analysis on the accessory ornament of woolen tapestry curtains such as components of metal accessories and frame bar were conducted with the microscope, p-XRF, and SEM. Result of frame bar pigments, organic pigments such as ink stick were likely been used in woolen tapestry curtain 1. In woolen tapestry 2, lead red (Minium) was used in the frame bar. The result of metal parts, copper, and zinc were analyzed by p-XRF. This suggests that metal accessories were crafted using brass. Frame bar of woolen tapestry curtain 2 was made of soft pine (Pinus spp.) analyzed with the scanning electron microscope. Artifacts like woolen tapestry curtains are rare in Korea and scientific analysis databases were scarce, so it is important to construct components analysis data of woolen tapestry curtains. It is expected that additional scientific analysis and interpretation on the artifact’s crafting technique can be merged with the analytical data gathered in this study to be utilized on the conservation and restoration of not only woolen curtains but curtain artifacts of the late Joseon dynasty in general.
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СТОИМОСТИ ЛОГИСТИЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИОННО-СКЛАДСКИХ РАБОТ ПРИ ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ПЕРВОНАЧАЛЬНОЙ ЦЕНЫ КОНТРАКТА НА ПОСТАВКУ ТОПЛИВА В ИНТЕРЕСАХ ВОЙСК НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ГВАРДИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Nikitin Yuri A. , Safonov Dmitry A.
Published: September 2021

Анализ тенденций развития военно-экономического обеспечения национальной безопасности, показал, что наиболее вероятным вариантом обеспечения горючим соединений, воинских частей и иных организаций округа войск национальной гвардии будет через передачу части функций обеспечения горючим сторонним организациям нефтепродуктообеспечения, обладающей необходимой разветвлённой сетью структурных подразделений во всех регионах. Это, в свою очередь, повлечёт необходимость уточнения, а в ряде случаев и коренного пересмотра функций, выполняемых центральными и окружными органами военного управления службы горючего войск национальной гвардии, с акцентом на совершенствование их деятельности в вопросах размещения государственных заказов на оказание услуг по обеспечению горючим для соединений, воинских частей и иных организаций округа войск национальной гвардии.

Цель – Обоснование предельной стоимости логистических операционно-складских работ при формировании первоначальной цены контракта для обеспечения адекватности и обоснованности применяемых в расчётах показателей учитывающие внешние и внутренние экономические факторы.

Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались экономико-математические методы, а также статистические методы анализа.

Результаты: получены наиболее информативные параметры, раскрывающие вопросы интеграции однородных функций системы материально-технического обеспечения войск национальной гвардии РФ с гражданским сектором экономики.

Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять экономическими субъектами, осуществляющими закупочную деятельность, при прогнозировании первоначальной цены контракта на основе имеющихся статистических данных и предлагаемых обоснованных коэффициентов.
Learning for Constrained Optimization: Identifying Optimal Active Constraint Sets
Authors: Misra Sidhant , Roald Line , Ng Yeesian
Published: September 2021

In many engineered systems, optimization is used for decision making at time scales ranging from real-time operation to long-term planning. This process often involves solving similar optimization problems over and over again with slightly modified input parameters, often under tight latency requirements. We consider the problem of using the information available through this repeated solution process to learn important characteristics of the optimal solution as a function of the input parameters. Our proposed method is based on learning relevant sets of active constraints, from which the optimal solution can be obtained efficiently. Using active sets as features preserves information about the physics of the system, enables interpretable results, accounts for relevant safety constraints, and is easy to represent and encode. However, the total number of active sets is also very large, as it grows exponentially with system size. The key contribution of this paper is a streaming algorithm that learns the relevant active sets from training samples consisting of the input parameters and the corresponding optimal solution, without any restrictions on the problem type, problem structure or probability distribution of the input parameters. The algorithm comes with theoretical performance guarantees and is shown to converge fast for problem instances with a small number of relevant active sets. It can thus be used to establish simultaneously learn the relevant active sets and the practicability of the learning method. Through case studies in optimal power flow, supply chain planning, and shortest path routing, we demonstrate that often only a few active sets are relevant in practice, suggesting that active sets provide an appropriate level of abstraction for a learning algorithm to target.
Marketing strategy planning at alfamart lodadi stores using the clustering, ahp, and ar-mba method
Authors: Azhra Fariza Halidatsani , Fadhlurrohman Najib , Putra Bagas Swardhana , Ibrahim Faisal
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, people are very facilitated by the existence of various shopping centers, including retail. Because many retailers are close to each other, Alfamart Lodadi must have a good marketing strategy. So far, the strategy used is sometimes inaccurate because it is not based on customer segmentation.  Therefore, the purpose of this research is to help retail owners to make decisions regarding the right marketing strategy with three methods so that Alfamart Lodadi can compete and increase sales. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed to find the priority variables of customer segmentation; meanwhile, the K-Means Clustering is used to group customers based on the similarity of predetermined characteristics. AR-MBA is used to find out the best rules, and products are rarely, sufficient, and frequently purchased.  The results of this research, based on AHP, obtained five segmentation priority variables based on the largest eigenvector values. There are income, age, expenditure, distance, and shopping intensity with each eigenvector value of 0.13; 0.16; 0.12; 0.12; 0.17. From clustering, there are three customer clusters with different strategies, including free shipping when shopping, product discounts for certain periods, and providing catalogs and discounts on each transaction and offer notifications. Then, this research also obtained three strategies based on AR-MBA. These include making a catalog by bringing frequently purchased products closer together, choosing a layout for shopping places by bringing frequently purchased products closer together, and making shopping coupons for rarely purchased products. With several strategic choices, companies can make decisions appropriately according to the desired criteria.
The Effect of Fortified Dadih (Fermented Buffalo Milk) with Vitamin D3 on Caecum Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) Concentration and HOMA-IR of T2DM-Rats
Authors: Arni Rita , Anjani Gemala , Djamiatun Kis
Published: September 2021

The prevalence of T2DM continues to increase along the years. Probiotics and vitamin D have antidiabetic effects and a synergism between them is evident. Fermented milk such as dadih is a great source of probiotics, specifically lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Probiotics are involved in the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) which can increase insulin production and improve Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D3-fortified dadih on caecum SCFA concentration and HOMA-IR of T2DM-induced Wistar rats. A total of thirty rats were randomly split into five-groups: four diabetic groups (C2, T1, T2, and T3) and one healthy control group (C1). Intervention groups were either given vitamin D3 (T1), unfortified dadih (T2), or vitamin D3-enriched dadih (T3). Concentration of SCFA, glucose, and insulin were measured by gas chromatography, GOD-POD, and ELISA, respectively. T3 group showed significantly lower fasting blood glucose and higher insulin than T1 or T2 at post-intervention. The HOMA-IR index at the end of intervention indicated that T3 was significantly different from T1. Total caecum SCFA and butyrate concentrations were significantly higher in T3 than T1 or T2. The HOMA-IR had an inverse correlation with total caecum SCFA (r=-0.600, p=0.001) and butyrate concentration (r= -0.692, p=0.000). The decreased insulin resistance might be partially attributed to total caecum SCFA and butyrate concentrations. In conclusion, vitamin D3-fortified dadih had better efficacy in improving glycemic status, insulin, and SCFA concentration, leading to improved insulin resistance in T2DM rats.
Process Standardization for Bread Preparation using Composite Blend of Wheat and Pearl Millet: Nutritional, Antioxidant and Sensory Approach
Authors: Nehra Manju , Siroha Anil Kumar , Punia Sneh , Kumar Sunil
Published: September 2021

In present study, the effect of incorporation of pearl millet (PM) flour (10, 20, 30, 40%) on quality and sensory characteristics of bread were studied. Ash, fat, fiber and carbohydrate content were increased with the incorporation of PM flour. For wheat flour (WF) the values of water absorption capacity (WAC) and oil absorption capacity (OAC) were observed 1.90 g/g and 1.54 g/g, while flour blends varied from 1.78-1.87g/g and 1.48-1.52g/g, respectively. After the incorporation of PM flour peak (PV), trough TV, setback (SV) and final viscosity (FV) were decreased as compared to WF. Antioxidant properties of WF and PM flour were observed 20.3% and 15.1%, and varied from 18.10% to 19.23%, respectively for flour blends. Antioxidant characteristics of breads increased as compare to their flours. Physical parameter i.e. loaf weight increases after addition of PM flour while reverse was observed for loaf volume. Bread prepared up to 30% addition of PM flour into WF showed a satisfactory sensorial score for bread further addition of PM flour, breads were not acceptable quality. Results of present study provide a better understanding of functional properties of WF, PM flour and their blends for their possible applications in preparation of gluten free products.
The Effect of Saudi Consumers’ Awareness and Attitude Towards Saudi Food and Drugs Authority’ Food Policies on Body Mass Index
Authors: Tami Suzan H. , Al-Mahish Mohammed
Published: September 2021

This paper aimed to examine the effect of Saudi consumers’ awareness and attitude towards Saudi Food and Drugs Authority’s (SFDA) food policies on their average Body Mass Index (BMI), and whether consumers’ socio-economic variables impacted their BMI. In this cross-sectional study, 584 Saudi adults completed an electronic questionnaire. The results of a two-sample t-test showed that there was a significant difference in the mean of BMI among consumers who followed SFDA news and regulations and those who did not. Also, the findings revealed that the BMI mean of consumers who cooperated with SFDA by reporting food safety violations was significantly different compared to consumers who did not cooperate with SFDA. The results of the binary logit model indicated that several socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, income) impacted consumers’ BMI. The findings of this study may assist nutrition educators and policy makers to plan programs to improve health-related behaviors.
Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Nurses and Physicians of Palestinian Hospitals in the Gaza Strip
Authors: Naser Ihab A. , Ellulu Mohammed S. , Tabash Mohamed I. , Najim Ahmed A. , Abu Tair Ayman S.
Published: September 2021

The main objective of this study is to explore the nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of nurses and physicians who are working at major Palestinian hospitals in Gaza Strip. This is a cross-sectional study where 96 nurses and 48 physicians were recruited. The study used a self-administered questionnaire that includes socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of nutritional science, attitudes towards the use of nutrition care in clinical sittings, and nutrition practicing and counseling. The average age of all the respondents was 32 years, ranging from 22 - 54 years. About 14.6% of all participants attended more than 4 weeks of training in nutrition; however, the majority of this training is intended to deal with healthy subjects. The mean score of physicians’ nutrition knowledge was 10.91, which was significantly higher than the nurses ‘nutrition knowledge score of 7.44. No statistical differences observed between nurses and physicians regarding attitude scale and practice. Overall, the obtained percentages of attitude among nurses were 54.2% positive, 22.9% neutral, and 22.9% negative. The obtained percentages of attitudes among physicians were 47.9% positive, 16.7% neutral, and 35.4% negative. Finally, the percentages of good nutrition practices via assessment and counseling were 53.1% for nurses and 52.1% for physicians. It was concluded that nurses and physicians were unable to provide effective nutrition intervention in health care settings and needed to improve their nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practices.
Nutritional Composition, Sensory Properties and Antioxidant Activity of a Newly Developed Instant Cream Soup made from Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) and Beetroot (Beta Vulgaris l.)
Authors: Angkasa Dudung , Muttalib Yuges Saputri , Chandra Naomi , Ronitawati Putri , Fadly Dzul
Published: September 2021

Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris l.) are two promising protein and mineral food sources. Both have a high potential to be developed as a cream soup that can alleviate micronutrient (iron and folic acid) deficiencies among pregnant women. To our knowledge, lack of effort to develop a cream soup made from marine products, particularly shrimp, was classified as one of the most perishable foods. The current study tries to develop cream soup formulas and examine their nutritional composition, sensory properties, and antioxidant activity. The ratio of shrimp and beetroot were formulated into F0 (200g: 0g); F1 (150g: 50g); F2 (100g: 100g); and F3 (50g: 150g) and were dried in drum dryer to produce instant cream soup. Proximate and other micronutrient content analyses were carried out in an accredited laboratory. At the same time, 16 semi-trained panellists evaluated sensory properties (descriptive test). At the same time, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method and expressed as IC50. All formulations met the national standard for instant cream soup. F2 had a score above 7.0 for all hedonic parameters and had determined as the best formula. F2 contained, per 100 gram, 49.25% carbohydrate, 10.26% fat, 26.68% protein, 4.75% moisture, 9.05% ash, 1.69 mg iron and 14.68 µg folic acid. F2 fulfilled the 'high protein' and 'iron source' nutrition claims based on the Indonesian Food Drugs Administration standard (BPOM). The antioxidant activity (IC50) of the best formula was about 15.49 ppm. The combination of marine and plant-based foods into instant food products by drum drying mechanisms can be used to produce a nutritious, desirable, and alternative antioxidant food source as well as practically easy to serve.
Teamwork and infection control in the face of adversity
Authors: Yates Laura
Published: September 2021

Laura Yates reviews some positive elements arising from the pandemic
Breaking the chain of infection
Authors: Waters Rebecca
Published: September 2021

Rebecca Waters explains how practices can protect against disease transmission
Food for thought
Authors: Woodward Dawn
Published: September 2021

Dawn Woodward asks if the way we eat has changed forever
Origins of the threshold for surgical intervention in intra-articular distal radius fractures
Authors: Esworthy George Philip , Johnson Nick A. , Divall Pip , Dias Joseph J.
Published: September 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify the origin and development of the threshold for surgical intervention, highlight the consequences of residual displacement, and justify the importance of accurate measurement.

Methods

A systematic review of three databases was performed to establish the origin and adaptations of the threshold, with papers screened and relevant citations reviewed. This search identified papers investigating functional outcome, including presence of arthritis, following injury. Orthopaedic textbooks were reviewed to ensure no earlier mention of the threshold was present.

Results

Knirk and Jupiter (1986) were the first to quantify a threshold, with all their patients developing arthritis with > 2 mm displacement. Some papers have discussed using 1 mm, although 2 mm is most widely reported. Current guidance from the British Society for Surgery of the Hand and a Delphi panel support 2 mm as an appropriate value. Although this paper is still widely cited, the authors published a re-examination of the data showing methodological flaws which is not as widely reported. They claim their conclusions are still relevant today; however, radiological arthritis does not correlate with the clinical presentation. Function following injury has been shown to be equivalent to an uninjured population, with arthritis progressing slowly or not at all. Joint space narrowing has also been shown to often be benign.

Conclusion

Knirk and Jupiter originated the threshold value of 2 mm. The lack of correlation between the radiological and clinical presentations warrants further modern investigation. Measurement often varies between observers, calling a threshold concept into question and showing the need for further development in this area. The principle of treatment remains restoration of normal anatomical position. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1457–1461.
An Analysis on Polygonal Approximation Techniques for Digital Image Boundary
Authors: Raja Kiruba Thangam , Ray Bimal Kumar
Published: September 2021

Polygonal approximation (PA) techniques have been widely applied in the field of pattern recognition, classification, shape analysis, identification, 3D reconstruction, medical imaging, digital cartography, and geographical information system. In this paper, we focus on some of the key techniques used in implementing the PA algorithms. The PA can be broadly divided into three main category, dominant point detection, threshold error method with minimum number of break points and break points approximation by error minimization. Of the above three methods, there has been always a tradeoff between the three classes and optimality, specifically the optimal algorithm works in a computation intensive way with a complexity ranges from O (N2) to O (N3).The heuristic methods approximate the curve in a speedy way, however they lack in the optimality but have linear time complexity. Here a comprehensive review on major PA techniques for digital planar curve approximation is presented.
Cascaded, self-calibrated, single-pixel mid-infrared Hadamard transform spectrometer
Authors: Lim Zi Heng , Qi Yi , Zhou Guangcan , Senthil Kumar A. , Lee Chengkuo , Zhou Guangya
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a single-pixel mid-infrared (mid-IR) Hadamard transform spectrometer is developed. The spectrometer’s design, fabrication and experimental results are discussed. The single-pixel mid-IR Hadamard transform spectrometer has dual cascaded encoding regions, 2875 nm to 3500 nm and 3500 nm to 4077 nm, to reduce the travel range required by the moving mask. The encoded wavelength band is determined by the bandpass filter used. A collection optics consisting of a reverse spectrometer is used to collect the encoded signal onto a single-pixel detector with a small sensing area. A 635 nm laser is used as a reference within the spectrometer to calibrate the recovered spectrum with accurate positioning. Our experiments demonstrate that mid-IR spectrums can be accurately recovered in the designed wavelength range. The proposed spectrometer, with dimensions of 200 mm × 200 mm × 84 mm and a weight of 1.8 kg, can be made portable and at low cost, suitable for IR spectroscopy in the field.
COACH-based Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor with an array of phase coded masks
Authors: Dubey Nitin , Kumar Ravi , Rosen Joseph
Published: September 2021

Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (SHWS) are generally used to measure the wavefront shape of light beams. Measurement accuracy and the sensitivity of these sensors are important factors for better wavefront sensing. In this paper, we demonstrate a new type of SHWS with better measurement accuracy than the regular SHWS. The lenslet array in the regular SHWS is replaced with an array of coded phase masks, and the principle of coded aperture correlation holography (COACH) is used for wavefront reconstruction. Sharper correlation peaks achieved by COACH improve the accuracy of the estimated local slopes of the measured wavefront and consequently improve the reconstruction accuracy of the overall wavefront. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method provides a lower mean square wavefront error by one order of magnitude in comparison to the regular SHWS.
Optical memory effect in square multimode fibers
Authors: Caravaca-Aguirre Antonio M. , Carron Adrien , Mezil Sylvain , Wang Irène , Bossy Emmanuel
Published: September 2021

We demonstrate experimentally the existence of a translational optical memory effect in square-core multimode fibers. We found that symmetry properties of square-core waveguides lead to speckle patterns shifting along four directions at the fiber output for any given shift direction at the input. A simple theoretical model based on a perfectly reflective square waveguide is introduced to predict and interpret this phenomenon. We report experimental results obtained with 532-nm coherent light propagating through a square-core step-index multimode fiber, demonstrating that this translational memory effect can be observed for shift distances up to typically 10 µm after propagation through several centimeters of fiber.
Prediction model of free flaps in microkeratome-assisted LASIK
Authors: Katz Toam , Druckiv Vasyl , Siebelmann Sebastian , Frings Andreas , Skevas Christos
Published: September 2021

Purpose

To identify mechanical factors, as well as patients’ biometric and surgeons’ experience factors that correlate with the FF incidence in microkeratome (MK)-assisted LASIK and to construct a predictive model based on these parameters.

Methods

55,700 consecutive LASIK treatments of 28,506 patients between January 2017 and April 2020 done by 50 surgeons in 10 centers, all with Sub Bowman Keratome (SBK) and 90μ head (OUP) were analyzed retrospectively for the incidence of FF and their correlation to mean keratometry, central corneal thickness, MK ring height and stop, as well as surgeons’ experience. A prediction model was built and tested for sensitivity and specificity.

Results

The incidence of FF using the SBK MK was 0.276%. Risk factors were low central corneal thickness, very flat (-1) or very thick (+2) ring height, and higher stop values (p<0.001). Mean keratometry and low surgeon experience were not correlated to FF incidence. A prediction model with a cut-off FF risk of 0.274%, a 76% specificity, and a 73% sensitivity was applied.

Conclusions

Free flaps are rarely seen in modern MK LASIK. However, the incidence of this complication using the SBK MK increases using higher stop values, very thick and very thin MK rings, and in eyes with thin corneas.
A Middle Devonian vernal pool ecosystem provides a snapshot of the earliest forests
Authors: Khudadad
Published: September 2021

The dichotomy of the earliest ecosystems into deltaic and floodplain forests was a long-standing view in paleobotany. The morphological traits such as nonbranching rootlets, bifurcating rhizomes, and bulbous bases of the primitive trees such asEospermatopterisand lycopsids were considered adaptations to the lowland deltaic environments. In contrast, the traits ofArchaeopteristrees such as wood, hierarchical branching networks of roots, and true leaves are an adaptation to the upland floodplain environments. The discovery of the Town of Cairo Highway Department (TCHD) fossil site in Upstate New York, where all major clades occupied a floodplain environment casts doubt on the validity of the environmental partition by the earliest trees at the higher taxonomic levels. This study aims to test the hypothesis of the environmental partition at the local scale by reconstructing the fossilized forest-floor landscape, the changes in the landscape over time, and the distribution patterns of the trees along the local environmental gradient at the TCHD site. To reconstruct the fossilized forest floor and to determine the environmental variations at the local scale, seven parallel cross-sections were drawn from south to north at THCH. The outcrop at the quarry floor measured 300 m in the north-south, and varied around 100–150 m in east-west direction. Primary sedimentary structures, the thickness of the sedimentary deposits that formed the forest floor and the surrounding quarry walls, paleosol features, and mega-fossils were measured, recorded, described, and mapped. Up to 3 meters deep drill-cores were extracted from the forest floor. The data was used to correlate the sedimentary deposits, and reconstruct the preserved landscape. Three dominant landscape features including an abandoned channel, an old-grown forest, and a local depression were recognized. These landscape features influenced greatly the pattern of local drainage, slope-gradients, patterns and durations of seasonal water pooling, paleosol developments, fossil distribution, and depositional environments. There is no evidence of environmental partitioning by trees at higher taxonomic levels at the local scale. The size and morphology of the root systems didn’t determine the distribution of the trees along the local environmental gradient such as drainage patterns but played important roles in tree stabilization. Forests would go through self-thinning as they matured. Upon comparison, it was found that the forests in unstable environments showed greater resiliency compared to forests established in the stable environments.
Observing changes in human functioning during induced sleep deficiency and recovery periods
Authors: Ochab Jeremi K. , Szwed Jerzy , Oleś Katarzyna , Bereś Anna , Chialvo Dante R. , Domagalik Aleksandra , Fąfrowicz Magdalena , Ogińska Halszka , Gudowska-Nowak Ewa , Marek Tadeusz , Nowak Maciej A.
Published: September 2021

Prolonged periods of sleep restriction seem to be common in the contemporary world. Sleep loss causes perturbations of circadian rhythmicity and degradation of waking alertness as reflected in attention, cognitive efficiency and memory. Understanding whether and how the human brain recovers from chronic sleep loss is important not only from a scientific but also from a public health perspective. In this work we report on behavioral, motor, and neurophysiological correlates of sleep loss in healthy adults in an unprecedented study conducted in natural conditions and comprising 21 consecutive days divided into periods of 4 days of regular life (a baseline), 10 days of chronic partial sleep restriction (30% reduction relative to individual sleep need) and 7 days of recovery. Throughout the whole experiment we continuously measured the spontaneous locomotor activity by means of actigraphy with 1-minute resolution. On a daily basis the subjects were undergoing EEG measurements (64-electrodes with 500 Hz sampling frequency): resting state with eyes open and closed (8 minutes long each) followed by Stroop task lasting 22 minutes. Altogether we analyzed actigraphy (distributions of rest and activity durations), behavioral measures (reaction times and accuracy from Stroop task) and EEG (amplitudes, latencies and scalp maps of event-related potentials from Stroop task and power spectra from resting states). We observed unanimous deterioration in all the measures during sleep restriction. Further results indicate that a week of recovery subsequent to prolonged periods of sleep restriction is insufficient to recover fully. Only one measure (mean reaction time in Stroop task) reverted to baseline values, while the others did not.
Distribution of trespass cannabis cultivation and its risk to sensitive forest predators in California and Southern Oregon
Authors: Wengert Greta M. , Higley J. Mark , Gabriel Mourad W. , Rustigian-Romsos Heather , Spencer Wayne D. , Clifford Deana L. , Thompson Craig
Published: September 2021

Illegal cannabis cultivation on public lands has emerged as a major threat to wildlife in California and southern Oregon due to the rampant use of pesticides, habitat destruction, and water diversions associated with trespass grow sites. The spatial distribution of cultivation sites, and the factors influencing where they are placed, remain largely unknown due to covert siting practices and limited surveillance funding. We obtained cannabis grow-site locality data from law enforcement agencies and used them to model the potential distribution of cultivation sites in forested regions of California and southern Oregon using maximum entropy (MaxEnt) methods. We mapped the likely distribution of trespass cannabis cultivation sites and identified environmental variables influencing where growers establish their plots to better understand the cumulative impacts of trespass cannabis cultivation on wildlife. We overlaid the resulting grow-site risk maps with habitat distribution maps for three forest species of conservation concern: Pacific fisher (Pekania pennanti), Humboldt marten (Martes caurina humboldtensis), and northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Results indicate that cannabis cultivation is fairly predictably distributed on public lands in low to mid-elevation (~800-1600m) forests and on moderate slopes (~30–60%). Somewhat paradoxically, results also suggest that growers either preferred sites inside of recently disturbed vegetation (especially those burned 8–12 years prior to cultivation) or well outside (>500m) of recent disturbance, perhaps indicating avoidance of open edges. We ground-truthed the model by surveying randomly selected stream courses for cultivation site presence in subsets of the modeling region and found previously undiscovered sites mostly within areas with predicted high likelihood of grow-site occurrence. Moderate to high-likelihood areas of trespass cultivation overlapped with 40 to 48% of modeled habitats of the three sensitive species. For the endangered southern Sierra Nevada fisher population, moderate-high likelihood growing areas overlapped with over 37% of modeled fisher denning habitat and with 100% of annual female fisher home ranges (mean overlap = 48.0%+27.0 SD; n = 134) in two intensively studied populations on the Sierra National Forest. Locating and reclaiming contaminated cannabis grow sites by removing all environmental contaminants should be a high priority for resource managers.
Multiscale fractal dimension applied to tactical analysis in football: A novel approach to evaluate the shapes of team organization on the pitch
Authors: Bueno Murilo José de Oliveira , Silva Maisa , Cunha Sergio Augusto , Torres Ricardo da Silva , Moura Felipe Arruda
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate different shape descriptors applied to images of polygons that represent the organization of football teams on the pitch. The effectiveness of different shape descriptors (area/perimeter, fractal area, circularity, maximum fractal, rectangularity, multiscale fractal curve—MFC), and the concatenation of all shape descriptors (except MFC), denominated Alldescriptors (AllD)) was evaluated and applied to polygons corresponding to the shapes represented by the convex hull obtained from players’ 2D coordinates. A content-based image retrieval system (CBIR) was applied for 25 users (mean age of 31.9 ± 8.4 years) to evaluate the relevant images. Measures of effectiveness were used to evaluate the shape descriptors (P@n and R@n). The MFD (P@5, 0.46±0.37 and P@10, 0.40±0.31, p < 0.001; R@5, 0.14±0.13 and R@10, 0.24±0.19, p < 0.001) and AllD (P@5 = 0.43±0.36 and P@10 = 0.39±0.32, p < 0.001; R@5 = 0.13±0.11 and R@10 = 0.24±0.20, p < 0.001) descriptors presented higher values of effectiveness. As a practical demonstration, the best evaluated shape descriptor (MFC) was applied for tactical analysis of an official match. K-means clustering technique was applied, and different shapes of organization could be identified throughout the match. The MFC was the most effective shape descriptor in relation to all others, making it possible to apply this descriptor in the analysis of professional football matches.
The effect of librarian involvement on the quality of systematic reviews in dental medicine
Authors: Schellinger Jana , Sewell Kerry , Bloss Jamie E. , Ebron Tristan , Forbes Carrie
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To determine whether librarian or information specialist authorship is associated with better reproducibility of the search, at least three databases searched, and better reporting quality in dental systematic reviews (SRs).

Methods

SRs from the top ten dental research journals (as determined by Journal Citation Reports and Scimago) were reviewed for search quality and reproducibility by independent reviewers using two Qualtrics survey instruments. Data was reviewed for all SRs based on reproducibility and librarian participation and further reviewed for search quality of reproducible searches.

Results

Librarians were co-authors in only 2.5% of the 913 included SRs and librarians were mentioned or acknowledged in only 9% of included SRs. Librarian coauthors were associated with more reproducible searches, higher search quality, and at least three databases searched. Although the results indicate librarians are associated with improved SR quality, due to the small number of SRs that included a librarian, results were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Despite guidance from organizations that produce SR guidelines recommending the inclusion of a librarian or information specialist on the review team, and despite evidence showing that librarians improve the reproducibility of searches and the reporting of methodology in SRs, librarians are not being included in SRs in the field of dental medicine. The authors of this review recommend the inclusion of a librarian on SR teams in dental medicine and other fields.
Korelasi Cluster of Differentiation 4 dan Viral Load dengan Fungsi Sistolik Ventrikel Kiri pada Anak dengan Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Adrian Nicholas , Rahayuningsih Sri Endah , Alam Anggraini
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang. Nilai viral load dan cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) pada infeksi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) merupakan prediktor independen progresifitas penyakit pada usia >5 tahun. Infeksi HIV memengaruhi organ jantung dalam bentuk gangguan fungsi sistolik ventrikel kiri, pada awalnya dapat tanpa gejala. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran keterlibatan kardiovaskuler pada anak dengan HIV.Tujuan. Mengetahui korelasi antara CD4, viral load dengan fungsi sistolik ventrikel kiri pada anak dengan HIV.Metode. Desain penelitian potong lintang, data dari register penelitian HIV bulan Januari-Februari 2020 di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin. Sampel penelitian adalah anak dengan HIV usia 5 – <18 tahun. Subjek penelitian diperiksa kadar CD4 dan viral load, untuk fungsi sistolik ventrikel kiri diukur melalui fraksi ejeksi dan pemendekan fraksi dengan alat echocardiography. Analisis korelasi menggunakan uji Pearson dan Spearman sesuai distribusi data.Hasil. Subjek penelitian adalah 60 anak dengan HIV. Nilai rata-rata CD4 (822 ± 380/mm3). Viral load 68,3% undetected. Nilai rata-rata pemendekan fraksi (35,8±5%). Nilai rata-rata fraksi ejeksi (65,7±6,8%). Hasil korelasi CD4 dengan pemendekan fraksi (r=0,19 p=0,07), CD4 dengan fraksi ejeksi (r=0,22 p=0,04), viral load dengan pemendekan fraksi (r=-0,10 p=0,20), dan viral load dengan fraksi ejeksi (r=-0,09 p=0,22).Kesimpulan. Terdapat korelasi positif lemah antara CD4 dengan fraksi ejeksi, hasil penelitian mungkin dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang belum diteliti seperti status pengobatan pada pasien.
Perbedaan Fungsi Ventrikel Kiri pada Anak Gizi Kurang dan Gizi Normal dengan Metode Myocardial Performance Index
Authors: Apandi Putria Rayani , Rahayuningsih Sri Endah , Kuswiyanto Rahmat Budi
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang. Gizi kurang pada anak menyebabkan perubahan pada komposisi tubuh, berupa berkurangya masa otot jantung yang akan menyebabkan kelainan pada fungsi kardiovaskuler. Myocardial performance index (MPI) adalah pemeriksaan fungsi ventrikel yang tidak terpengaruh geometri jantung. Pemeriksaan MPI pada anak gizi kurang belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perbedaan fungsi ventrikel pada gizi kurang dan gizi normal.Metode. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah potong lintang yang dilakukan pada anak sekolah berumur 6-11 tahun di Kotamadya Bandung selama September – Desember 2014 di 10 Sekolah Dasar. Subyek penelitian di pilih secara random kemudian dibagi menjadi gizi kurang dan gizi normal berdasarkan WHO 2007. Fungsi ventrikel diukur dengan ekokardiografi transtorakal dengan metode Myocardial performance index. Uji t berpasangan dipakai untuk membedakan fungsi ventrikel kiri pada gizi kurang dengan signifikansi P<0,05. Hasil. Rerata MPI ventrikel kiri pada anak gizi kurang adalah 0,37±0,07 dan pada gizi normal adalah 0,35±0,08. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna fungsi ventrikel kiri dengan metoda Myocardial Performance Index pada kedua kelompok.(CI95%:-0,012–0,058 P:0,191)Kesimpulan. Fungsi ventrikel kiri pada anak gizi kurang dan gizi normal yang diukur dengan Metode myocardial performance index tidak berbeda bermakna.
Hubungan Pola Konsumsi Kudapan dengan Stunting pada Anak Kelas 1-2 SDN 036 Ujungberung Kota Bandung
Authors: Basuki Salma Raudhatusabrina , Sastramihardja Herri S , Setiowulan Wiwiek
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang. Prevalensi anak dengan stunting di kota Bandung pada 2018 mencapai 25,8%, melebihi ambang batas WHO (20%). Rendahnya kualitas gizi asupan merupakan salah satu penyebab stunting. Konsumsi makanan kudapan dengan nilai gizi rendah pada anak di kota Bandung cukup tinggi, tetapi penelitian mengenai hubungan antara konsumsi kudapan dan stunting masih terbatas.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi kudapan dengan stunting pada anak kelas 1-2 SDN 036 Ujungberung Kota Bandung. Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang dilakukan pada 268 responden dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Analisis bivariat digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan frekuensi konsumsi dan usia mulai mengonsumsi kudapan dengan stunting. Hasil. Frekuensi konsumsi kudapan berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting, p=0,032 (PR 1,61 (95% CI 1,133-1,317)). Usia saat mulai mengonsumsi kudapan saja tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Frekuensi konsumsi kudapan ≥1x per hari dan usia mulai mengonsumsi kudapan kurang dari 5 tahun berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting yang lebih tinggi, p<0,01 (PR: 2,02 (95% CI 1,272-1,435)).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pola konsumsi makanan kudapan dan stunting pada anak.
Gangguan Memori Kerja pada Anak dengan Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian dan Hiperaktivitas: Suatu Studi Komparatif
Authors: Evi Evi , Kaligis Fransiska , Wiguna Tjhin , Kusumawardhani Anak Agung Ayu Agung
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang. Penelitian menunjukkan memori kerja merupakan prediktor kapasitas belajar yang lebih bermakna daripada intelligence quotient (IQ). Bila fungsi ini terganggu, anak dapat mengalami kesulitan belajar. Studi melaporkan gangguan memori kerja banyak ditemukan pada gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH). Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data proporsi gangguan memori kerja pada anak GPPH dan perbandingan dengan anak tanpa GPPH. Data ini diharapkan dapat menjadi data dasar bagi pengembangan intervensi selanjutnya.Metode. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode randomized sampling. Instrumen Working Memory Rating Scale (WMRS) yang telah divalidasi dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Wiguna, dkk. (2012) digunakan untuk menentukan ada tidaknya defisit memori kerja. Hasil. Proporsi gangguan memori kerja pada kelompok anak dengan GPPH berbeda bermakna dibandingkan kelompok anak tanpa GPPH (44% vs 0%, p<0,05). Pada uji analisis, didapatkan prevalence ratio (PR) 40,4 (95% IK 2,22 - 738,01), artinya anak dengan GPPH berisiko mengalami gangguan memori kerja 40,4 kali lebih besar dibandingkan anak tanpa GPPH. Kesimpulan. Gangguan memori kerja lebih banyak ditemukan pada anak dengan GPPH. Pemeriksaan memori kerja pada anak dengan GPPH diperlukan untuk mengantisipasi kesulitan belajar yang mungkin timbul. Intervensi tambahan dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki gangguan memori kerja pada anak dengan GPPH.
Interdisziplinäre Disziplinarität in der Stadtsoziologie
Authors: Güntner Simon , Hamedinger Alexander
Published: September 2021

Simon Güntner und Alexander Hamedinger widmen sich anhand von ausgewählten Werken der Stadtsoziologie, die unterschiedlichen »Schulen« zugerechnet werden, den Fragen, zu welchen Wissensdisziplinen dort Bezüge hergestellt werden, welche Konzepte und Theorien in stadtsoziologische Argumentationen Eingang finden und wie sie, auch durch spätere Rezeption, zur Konstituierung eines stadtsoziologischen Kanons beitragen. Die Stadtsoziologie ist ein heterogenes und dynamisches akademisches Feld, in dem neben der Anwendung soziologischer Konzepte auf die Analyse von Städten und städtischen Phänomenen immer wieder auch Perspektiven anderer Disziplinen Berücksichtigung finden. Dabei wird eine geradezu selbstverständliche Interdisziplinarität deutlich, die allerdings mit einem - mal kritischen, mal affirmativen - disziplinären Traditionsbewusstsein einhergeht. Neben der inhaltlichen Fokussierung ist es diese Verbindung, die der Stadtsoziologie ihre spezifische Position innerhalb der Soziologie wie auch in der Stadtforschung verleiht.
Sozialräumliche Soziale Arbeit als emanzipatorische Praxis
Authors: Stoik Christoph
Published: September 2021

Christoph Stoik behandelt im Beitrag eine emanzipatorisch gedachte sozialräumliche Soziale Arbeit als Beittag einer kritischen Stadtforschung. Sie ist gefordert, sich mit komplexen Raumphänomenen transdisziplinär auseinander zu setzen. Sozialräumliche Soziale Arbeit nimmt dabei eine Positionierung ein, die sich auf Perspektiven von Ungleichheiten, Diskriminierungen, Marginalisierungen und gesellschaftlichen Ausschlüssen beziehen. Die Methoden einer sozialräumlichen Sozialen Arbeit erforschen Phänomene des Sozialen Raumes auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Betrachtet werden gesellschaftliche Raumproduktionen ebenso wie individuelle und gruppenbezogene Wahrnehmungen und Aneignungen von Räumen. Eine emanzipatorische sozialräumliche Soziale Arbeit ist dabei nicht nur forschend, sondern auch immer intervenierend und auf Veränderung ausgerichtet und folgt dabei einem transdisziplinären Vorgehen, weil sie sozialräumliche Phänomene nur unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher disziplinärer Perspektiven verstehen und analysieren kann, wobei Methoden aus unterschiedlichen Disziplinen kombiniert und weiterentwickelt werden. Emanzipatorische sozialräumliche Soziale Arbeit kann in diesem Zusammenhang als Stadtforschung verstanden werden, die sich aus einer Ungleichheitsperspektive mit sozialräumlichen Phänomenen auseinandersetzt, diese transdisziplinär betrachtet und analysiert.