bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Big Data Approach to BIM Models
Authors:   University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Beorkrem Christopher , Claudio Rodriguez Fernando J. ,   University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Karduni Alireza ,   University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Radnia Ashkan ,   University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Published: May 2023

As technology develops at an astounding rate, data has become an intrinsic by-product on major fields, including architecture. Providing designers, contractors and other stakeholders with additional information in order to make informed real time decisions. This paper describes the creation of a series of prototypes which are intended to convert an archive of Building Information Models (BIM) from Little Diversified Architectural Consulting, an early adopter of Autodesk Revit, into a database which can be analyzed using Big Data approaches to data analysis. Using python, as opposed to Revit’s native C# language, provided a more dynamic and simpler pipeline for connecting to the underlying database behind Revit. Use of non-relational databases proved a more efficient system for managing all the information produced by the models. Throughout the use of these tools, we were able to generate our prototypes, which can be divided into three main sections. Starting with altering data inside a Revit model, allowing us to manipulate the databases and add new information as needed. Secondly we collected data between multiple models and stored all the information in a single database. Lastly is visualizing the obtained data from models in order to represent, compare and evaluate the data. After running multiple tests on the models, results proved to reduce repetitive tasks on traditional workflows, while allowing for better analysis and understanding of the implications and processes we use as designers in the 21st century.
Equity In Practice: Digital Architecture’s Role In Maker Culture
Authors:   University of Washignton, Esmaili Yasaman
Published: May 2023

Low-tech building methods have been gradually developed according to the actual needs of a community and the demands of location-specific requirements. High-tech digital design has advanced the level of precision and control over material ap-plications and has increased the possibilities for studying design options. But where might the two meet? How can in-novation in construction carry forward the lessons learned from vernacular and low-tech building solutions? How can contemporary technology be used to create new solutions that are as context-aware and affordable as low-tech solutions in places that low-tech solutions are still generally practiced? This paper explores the relationship between digital design and low-tech application by local labor looking for opportunities to advance the exchange between both the design process and the practice. The goal is to study and advance the linkage between the precision and design innovation of computational technology with traditional building systems in a context-aware and universally applicable manner. The study process starts by observations from designing a screen brick wall which leads to developing an modeling tool that allows the users to design brick masonry wall systems in a digital world and to create construction guides for building the wall in the physical world, allowing for back and forth communication between the designer, the community and the mason during the design and construction process. This process is not only a form finding exploration, it rather focuses on the communication between team members and the ease of construction. The designer can simultaneously study form, pattern, and solar exposure and can communicate the process and the result with the mason and the users using simple paper guides called “DNA guide”. This approach advocates a collaborative process where the form-making, prototyping and building is a shared experience between the designer, the community and the layperson.
Automating Design and Construction: The Emergence of “Offsite Manufacturing”
Authors:   Florida International University, Andia Alfredo , Spiegelhalter Thomas ,   Florida International University
Published: May 2023

In the last two decades, large portions of the USA and the European economy has been radically transformed by automation. However, the impacts of digitalization in the Design and Construction sector have been restricted to the use of software such as CAD, BIM or project management programs. These technological implementations have not radically trans-formed the way we build our environments. The lack of productivity in the construction industry has had many impacts on our cities. Today the lack of affordable housing, labor shortages in construction, and an inability to respond with significant innovation to reduce emissions in a significant way are major themes in international dis-courses. In this article, we argue that to truly transform the construction industry we need to rethink the whole process of design and construction. In other words, it is not about improving current practices of design and construction but about envisioning machines that can design and build faster, cheaper, and greener. In this article, we argue that since 2015 construction processes that are called “Offsite” have begun to emerge with significant traction. Offsite construction refers to processes that plan, design, manufacture and assemble elements of the construction of buildings away from the building site. Generally, “offsite” construction occurs in large industrial warehouses. In this method, the building sites become places in which crews mount quickly different construction elements that were created in warehouses far from the building location. At the core of this paper, we examine how “offsite” construction will impact architectural thinking. We look at the work of enterprises such as NBBJ, Broad Group, Randex, Katerra, and BLOX. Architects in “offsite” manufacturing ventures are beginning to focus more on the variation of a particular pro-gram type and finding opportunities to produce standards that could guide a more rational manufacturing process while maintaining customization.
A Typology of Very Small Dwellings: Lessons from 15 Years of Permanent Supportive Housing
Authors:   University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Bollo Christina , Donofrio Amanda ,   Bergsund DeLaney Architecture and Planning
Published: May 2023

Recent building and zoning code changes in the United States and Canada have significantly reduced the minimum size of a dwelling: from 290 to 220 square feet in San Francisco and from 400 to 300 square feet in New York City. Market-rate developers can plan for these new opportunities by turning to examples of well-designed small dwellings from non-profit developers, who have been building such apartments in permanent supportive housing projects for people transitioning from chronic homelessness. This paper presents a typological study of very small studio apartments from North American permanent supportive housing (PSH), formulating a set of spatial descriptors within a typological framework. This paper is grounded in the scholarship on permanent supportive housing and the particular needs of the residents, as well as the emerging literature on very small dwellings. The classifications understood by this study include: width and depth and width/depth ratio; entry sequence; kitchen type and kitchen location; storage size and allocation; bathroom fixture types and layout. Space syntax diagrams reveal that the overall layout is determined primarily by the entry sequence, has two primary diagrams, dependent on whether the resident walks directly into the kitchen or into a distinct entry hall. The placement of each additional component hinges on this first decision. PSH units are a resource for all human-centered designers, whether developing market rate or subsidized housing units. The patterns noted in this study establish design guidelines which will allow teams to learn from existing unit designs. This research has increased benefits for the designers and developers of housing for formerly homeless individuals, as many new communities throughout the country are recognizing the benefit of PSH when addressing the pervasive spread of homelessness.
Mind the Gap: Embodied Cognition, Curiosity, and Recent Designs for Academic Libraries
Authors:   Pennsylvania State University, Pisciotta Henry
Published: May 2023

This paper examines recent library designs in terms of the perspectives offered by the psychology of curiosity, embodied cognition, and social infrastructure. Several buildings are selected as examples, with some emphasis on Snøhetta’s recently completed Charles Library at Temple University.
Habilidades emprendedoras para la estimulación de ideas de negocios con enfoque innovador
Authors: Patiño-Aragundi Johanna , Rodríguez-Loor Grace
Published: May 2023

Entrepreneurs are those who revolutionize the world with their ideas. This paper explores the importance of developing entrepreneurial skills in high school students from an Ecuadorian city to stimulate business ideas with an innovative approach. The methodology was based on a descriptive qualitative-quantitative approach. The analytical method was used, through the survey and interview techniques. The population consisted of 360 students with a probabilistic sample of 202 students from the "Paquisha" and "Emilio Bowen Roggiero" Educational Units and 2 area directors of the Entrepreneurship and Management subject. The results show that in the subject under study, teachers use as a traditional teaching method such as lectures and group work for the development of the business plan, motivated by an educational infrastructure with limitations for the use of digital tools in favor of the innovative entrepreneurship. It is concluded that the implemented methods do not stimulate the development of leadership, teamwork and problem-solving skills in the participating student population.
PENAMBAHAN SARI JERUK KALAMANSI (Citrus microcarpa, B.) DALAM PEMBUATAN SELAI PEPAYA
Authors: Sianipar Yessica Hartita , Sumual Maria Fransisca , Assa Jan Rudolf
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe research was purposed to determine the addition of kalamansi orange juice and analyze the sensory and chemical characteristics of papaya jam. The research used a completely randomized trial design method with the treatment of adding kalamansi orange juice with concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The sensory test of papaya jam with the observed parameters was organoleptic test of preference level with hedonic scale and scoring test for jam rub power. Followed by an analysis of the chemical properties of papaya jam, the level of acidity (pH), total acid, vitamin C and total sugar in papaya jam which got a high level of preference.The preferred level of papaya jam with the addition of kalamansi orange juice 0% to 20% had an average value in terms of color 3.72-4.08, in terms of taste 3.08-4.00, in terms of aroma 2.92-3, 48 and in terms of texture 2.92-3.80. To the power of papaya jam with the addition of orange juice from 0% to 20% had an average value of 2.96-4.32. In conclusion, the addition of 10% kalamsi orange juice had a preferred level of preference with a pH composition of 4.05, a total acid of 0.84%, vitamin C 27.43 mg / 100 g and a total sugar of 52.56%. Keywords: Jam, Papaya, Kalamansi. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan penambahan sari jeruk kalamansi dan menganalisis karakteristik sensoris dan kimia pada selai pepaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode percobaan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan penambahan sari jeruk kalamansi dengan konsentrasi 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20%. Pengujian sensoris selai pepaya dengan parameter yang diamati adalah uji organoleptik tingkat kesukaan dengan skala hedonik dan uji scoring untuk daya oles selai. Dilanjutkan dengan analisis sifat kimia selai pepaya yaitu, tingkat keasaman (pH), total asam, vitamin C dan total gula pada selai pepaya yang mendapatkan tingkat kesukaan tinggi. Tingkat kesukaan selai pepaya dengan penambahan sari jeruk kalamansi 0% sampai 20% memiliki nilai rata-rata dari segi warna 3,72-4,08, dari segi rasa 3,08-4,00, dari segi aroma 2,92-3,48 serta dari segi tekstur 2,92-3,80. Terhadap daya oles selai pepaya dengan penambahan sari jeruk kalamansi 0% sampai 20% memiliki nilai rata-rata 2,96-4,32. Pada kesimpulannya penambahan sari jeruk kalamansi 10% memiliki tingkat kesukaan yang disukai dengan komposisi pH 4,05, total asam 0,84%, vitamin C 27,43 mg/100 g dan total gula 52,56%. Kata kunci: Selai, Pepaya, Jeruk Kalamansi.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI SUKROSA DAN STARTER TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SUSU KACANG MERAH (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) FERMENTASI
Authors: Gurusinga Yanni N. Br. , Kandou Jenny E. A. , Rawung Dekie
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis research aims to find the formula of fermented red bean milk with addition of sucrose concentration and starter that can be accepted by the panelist and to analyze the chemical content.  The research was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with sucrose concentration (Factor A) and starter (Factor B). A1B1 (2% Sucrose and 5% Starter), A1B2 (2% Sucrose and 10% Starter), A1B3 (2% Sucrose and 15% Starter), A2B1 (5% Sucrose and 5% Starter), A2B2 (5% Sucrose and 10% Starter), A2B3 (5% Sucrose and 15% Starter), A3B1 (8% Sucrose and 5% Starter), A3B2 (8% Sucrose and 10 % Starter), A3B3 (8% Sucrose and 15% Starter) with 3 replications.  The observed parameters were total lactic acid bacteria, total acid, total sugar, degree of acidity (pH), and sensory test (color,scent, taste, vulnerability).  The result showed that A3B3 (8% Sucrose and 15% Starter) is accepted by the panelist with total bacterial lactic acid content of 1.60 x 105 colony/g, total acid 0.037%, total sugar is 8.42%, and pH 5. Keywords: fermented milk, red bean. ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Menentukan formulasi susu kacang merah fermentasi dengan penambahan konsentrasi sukrosa dan starter berbeda yang dapat diterima panelis serta menganalisis kandungan kimianya. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan acak Lengkap Faktorial (FALF) dengan Konsentrasi Sukrosa (Faktor A) dan Starter (Faktor B) yang berbeda. A1B1 (2% Sukrosa dan 5% Starter),A1B2 (2% Sukrosa dan 10% Starter), A1B3 (2% Sukrosa dan 15% Starter), A2B1 (5% Sukrosa dan 5% Starter), A2B2 (5% Sukrosa dan 10% Starter),  A2B3 (5% Sukrosa dan 15% Starter), A3B1 (8% Sukrosa dan 5% Starter), A3B2 (8% Sukrosa dan 10% Starter),  A3B3 (8% Sukrosa dan 15% Starter), dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan A3B3 (8%sukrosa dan 15%starter) dapat diterima oleh panelis dengan kandungan total bakteri asam laktat 1,60 x 105 koloni/g, total asam 0,037%, total gula 8,42%, dan pH 5. Kata kunci: susu fermentasi, kacang merah.
The Effectivity of Direct Learning Models Assisted Number Staircase Media in Mathematics Learning for First Grade Students at Elementary School
Authors: Buritta Marlina , Badolo Mas’ud , Novianti Idha
Published: May 2023

This study focuses on knowing the effectivity of direct learning models assisted number staircase media in mathematics learning for first grade students of SD, and describing the learning outcomes before and after being taught using the direct learning model models assisted number staircase media. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design one-group pretest-posttest model. The population in this study amounted to 73 students at  SD Negeri 7 Sa'dan. The sampling technique in this study uses probability sampling with a cluster random sampling model. Data collection techniques are counting ability tests, observation of student activities. Based on the data analysis obtained the value of sig. (2-tailed) 0.000 <0.05 it was concluded that the direct learning model assisted by assisted number staircase media had an effect on the learning outcomes of the first graders of SD Negeri 7 Sa'dan. From the N-gain analysis, the N-gain value is 0.64865 and is included in the effective category.
Development of Interactive Media "Aku Popo Antik" to Improve Science Comprehension Ability of Human Digestive System Material in Class V at SDN 1 Rantepao
Authors: Ratnawati Ratnawati , Sinring Abdullah , Adji Sandra Sukmaning
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the development, effectiveness and feasibility of the product of interactive media "Aku Popo Antik" on the content of science learning material of the Human Digestive System in class V at SDN 1 Rantepao. This type of research is included in Research & Development (R&D) or research and development, and aims to produce a product by developing new ideas or improving certain existing products through certain procedures and steps. The development model used in this study uses the Robert Maribe Brach model and the ADDIE approach: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data were obtained through questionnaires (validation, practicality, and attractiveness), tests to assess mastery of competencies that have been learned as a form of field test results conducted using interactive media "Aku Popo Antik", and observations to help analyze the learning situation, learning needs, facilities and infrastructure, Data processing uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that: (1) The level of student need for media is very high, considering that the use of media is very influential on student understanding, this can be seen from students who obtained scores above KKM 70 which were still low before the use of media. (2) Increased understanding, especially of Food Digestion System material. This statement is evidenced by the results of student posttests. (3) The media product "Aku Popo Antik" is declared valid and can be used after going through material and media validation testing by experts through questionnaire instruments. (4) The media is able to maximize the quality of learning and is considered practical in terms of usage techniques, material presentation, and design. (5) The media product "Aku Popo Antik" is said to be attractive because it is accompanied by various interesting features that can be used by students for online or offline learning activities, both at school and at home.
Implementation of Discipline Culture in Educational Environment
Authors: Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman , Nabilah Annisa
Published: May 2023

Discipline is a good culture that every educator always wants. To create a culture of discipline, educators and principals need a special strategy. This article aims to describe how the implementation of a disciplinary culture in the educational environment. The research method used is literature study through a literature review based on documents. The results of the study show that there are 10 discipline cultures that can be implemented in students in the educational environment. First, Giving Appreciation when doing good. Second, use positive cues. Third, use physical proximity. Fourth, use questions to get the child back into focus. Fifth, repeat the directions personally. Sixth, acknowledge and redirect. Seventh, provide a clear reminder of the rules. Eighth, provide a clear choice. Ninth, use agreed consequences. Tenth, Using an exit strategy.

Keywords: Implementation, Disciplined Culture, Educational Environment.
Analysis of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Content on Students’ Textbook of Natural and Social Sciences Subject for grade V Elementary School
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Fairuz Tariza
Published: May 2023

One of the learning outcomes in the merdeka curriculum is that students have higher order thinking skills (HOTS) according to their respective phases, including phase C (for grades V and VI Elementary School). To achieve learning outcomes, it is necessary to have the role of textbooks as learning resources and media. This study aims to analyze the content of higher order thinking skills in the students’ textbooks of Natural and Social Sciences for grade V. This type of research is a descriptive quantitative study. Research data was collected through literature and documentation. The instrument used in this study is a checklist. The results of the research showed that the students' textbooks of Natural and Social Sciences for grade V is contained higher order thinking skills content in context and questions component.
CODE MIXING USED BY K-POP LOVERS ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Adawiah Rabiatul , Nasrah Nasrah , Zamzam Nur , AR Tria , S. Maghfirah
Published: May 2023

Code mixing is a global phenomenon since social media emerged as a communication medium for K-Pop lovers in Indonesia. It happens when a speaker/writer uses two or more languages in an utterance/sentence. This research is aiming to explore the types and reasons for code-mixing. The researchers applied the qualitative method using content analysis. The result shows that there are 12 Korean codes and one English code inserted in Bahasa Indonesia as the major code. Intra-sentential or insertion of other codes in the main code is used dominantly by the participants. Other types such as inter-sentential, phonological change, alternation, and congruent lexicalization are not used since the participant did not have any capacity to combine Korean morphemes with Bahasa Indonesia morphemes. Additionally, the reason for using code mixing is analyzed and shows that the participant wants to show their group identity and to talk about certain topics.
The Meaning of the Body Narrative Reproduced as Resistance and Repentance: Focusing on Mo Yan(莫言)'s 『Frog(蛙)』
Authors:   The Society For Chinese Humanities In Korea, Kim Myoung Hee
Published: May 2023

It has been more than three years since COVID-19 took over the global village. With the advent of modernity, it has been recognized that the management of an individual's 'body' determines the quality of life. The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of the body narrative reproduced as resistance and repentance. Taking 『Frog(蛙)』 by Mo Yan(莫言) who won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature as the subject of the study, the methodology of carnal hermeneutics was applied to analyze how the body as a social phenomenon has been reproduced in the work at a moment in history when China implemented the ‘one-child policy’. The results of the analysis have found that one’s body controlled by the state, the resistance of civilians, and the way of the main character to repentance and atone were expressed through the author’s writing, leading to reflection and discussion of the Chinese people on the ‘one-child policy’. Through the body narrative, it was found that there is a common people's idea that values life.
Designing The Estimation of The Need for Spare Parts and Inventory Policy on The D32 CP8 Compressor Machine
Authors: Prasetyo Nugroho Herlambang , Tatas Dwi Atmaji Fransiskus , Nopendri Nopendri
Published: May 2023

Based on damage data owned by PT XYZ, the compressor engine that has a history of high damage is the D32 CP8 Compressor Engine. Critical components of the D32 CP 8 Compressor are determined using a risk matrix. The critical components selected from the D32 CP8 Compressor Engine are Screw Motor, Refrigerant Air Cooler, and Cylinder Bearing Oil Cooler. This study uses the Reliability Centered Spares (RCS), Min-Max Stock, and Reorder Point (ROP) methods. The data collection and processing results obtained the need for critical components in the next 1 year based on the MTTF critical component data. These calculations show that the value of the required spare parts for the Motor Screw, Refrigerant Air Conditioner, and Cylinder Bearing Oil Cooler in a year is 8 components. The minimum Stock of the Screw Motor is 3 components, the maximum stock is 8 components, ReOrder Point point is 4 components. The minimum stock of 4 component air coolers, maximum stock of 7 components, ReOrder Point when 3 components. The minimum stock of a Cylindrical Bearing Oil Cooler is 2 components, the maximum stock is 6 components, and the ReOrder Point is when there are 2 components.
Animasi “Keluarga Aman” Sebagai Media Sosialisasi Pencegahan Penularan COVID-19
Authors: Suliswaningsih Suliswaningsih , Achmad Masruri  , Ganang Eko Saputro  , Anugerah Bagus Wijaya  , Chyntia Raras Ajeng Widiawati
Published: May 2023

Adaptation to new habits (new normal) must be implemented considering that people must continue their activities amidst the outbreak of Covid-19 transmission cases. Apart from the government and community organizations, awareness of prevention must be carried out by each individual even though they have been vaccinated. The purpose of this research is to create a 2D animation to socialize the application of the 5M health protocol used to prevent widespread transmission of Covid-19. The process of creating a 2D animation titled "Safe Family" is carried out in three stages. First, the pre-production stage includes defining ideas and concepts, writing scripts, storyboards, and audio recording. The production stage includes character creation, moving animation, inputting sound, and initial rendering (alpha test). The third step is the post-production stage, namely the final rendering. and evaluation (beta test). The results of the alpha test show the suitability of the idea, storyboard, and final rendering results. In addition, the results of beta testing show that on average 93.4% of respondents considered the 2D animation titled "Safe Families" to be appropriate for use as social media to prevent Covid-19 communication.
Optimalisasi Daya Output Pada Photovoltaic Penggunakan Sistem Tracking dan Fuzzy Logic Controller
Authors: Qurniatun Misti , Dwi Riyanto Sugeng , Yusuf Muhamad
Published: May 2023

Photovoltaic is one of the environmentally friendly power plants. One of the problems using photovoltaic is the low efficiency level. Therefore, a method is needed to optimize photovoltaic performance. The use of fuzzy logic control for dual axis tracking system is used in this study to optimize photovoltaic performance. The dual axis tracking system functions to keep the photovoltaic always perpendicular to the direction of the sun's arrival so that it has more optimal output power. The input of the tracking system comes from the LDR sensor which is installed on each side of the Photovoltaic. This sensor is combined with RTC to anticipate weather changes (cloudy). LDR and RTC sensor data as input for fuzzy logic controller. Based on the results of the research, the output power of the Photovoltaic tracking system is 9.363 Watts or 46.82% of the Photovoltaic specifications. Meanwhile, static photovoltaic with conventional installation has a power of 7.247 Watt or 36.23% of the specification. So that Photovoltaic with fuzzy logic control for dual axis tracking system is 29.20% more optimal.
Analisis Konsumsi BBM dengan Variasi Lingkungan Operasi Kendaraan Bermotor Menuju Perilaku Eco-Drive
Authors: Syarifudin Mohammad , Muhammat Abdul Fatah Kemas , Dalimunthe Ruslan
Published: May 2023

The increase in greenhouse gases in the form of CO2 gas as vehicle exhaust emissions contributes to climate change. Technological approaches and alternative fuels continue to reduce fuel consumption, but this is not enough. Another method is to use eco-drive behavior, one of which is related to replacing the air filter. This study is purposed to provide guidelines for motorized vehicles operating in selected areas in Lampung Province in the behavior of eco-driving. The results of the fuel consumption test using the full-to-full method found that at each filter distance (8,000 km, 12000, and 16,000 km), vehicles operating in Mesuji with the highest deficiency, followed by Tanjung Bintang and Krui areas. In line with eco-drive behavior, for vehicles operating in Mesuji, the air filter replacement period must be faster than the other two areas, followed by Tanjung Bintang and Krui.
Desain Mesin Pembuatan Gula Semut Berbahan Dasar Nira Kelapa Skala UMKM
Authors: Munang Aswan , Rachmawaty Dina , Reza Basirun Arif
Published: May 2023

Product development is a combination of technological trends that play a role in creating innovative works. Conceptual design is the initial phase of developing innovative product configurations. The processing of coconut sap into traditional palm sugar has constraints; the production process takes 4 to 6 hours and has a moisture content above 3%. The research objective was to obtain a machine design to increase production volume and reduce the water content in palm sugar. The machine design process begins with conducting interviews with 20 palm sugar craftsmen with approximately 5 years of experience to obtain information on priority needs. The VOC (Voice Of Customer) method can be used to determine priority designs and specifications. The results of the VOC process are (1) machine components made of food-grade materials, (2) production machines that are easy to operate and easy to maintain, (3) production machines with operational costs and affordable prices among MSMEs. The design development process has two alternative machines made using the Solidworks software. The results of the assessment of 30 SMEs’ palm sugar selected alternative two machine designs with dimensions of 70 x 60 x 155 cm. The advantage of the second engine design alternative is that it has a temperature sensor to adjust the gas valve and a pan with an insulator so that it can maintain temperature stability. The design of the palm sugar machine still requires innovation and development to increase production and quality.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi H3PO4 Sebagai Zat Aktivator Terhadap Karakteristik Karbon Aktif dari Sekam Padi
Authors: Dwityaningsih Rosita , Rahayu Theresia Evila Purwanti Sri , Handayani Murni , Nurhilal Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Rice husk is an organic material that has a high lignocellulosic content so it has the potential to be turned into activated carbon. One method of making activated carbon is activation with a phosphoric acid activator (H3PO4). The purpose of this research was to study the effect of varying concentrations of H3PO4 as an activator on the characteristics of rice husk-activated carbon. The characterization refers to SNI 06-3730-1995 regarding the technical quality requirements of activated charcoal. Activation of rice husk carbon was carried out by contacting the carbon with H3PO4 for 24 hours and shaking it. The H3PO4 consisted of 3 concentration variations, namely 4M, 6M, and 8M. From the research results, the water content was 3.936%; 4.037%; 4.070%, the absorption of iodine has met the character of activated charcoal according to SNI, namely 1217.204 mg/g; 1204.255 mg/g; 1184.832 mg/g while the ash content value does not meet the SNI standard, which is still above 10%. The highest adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency could be activated with 8M H3PO4, namely 22.42 mg/g and 89.68%. IR spectra on activated carbon with three variations of H3PO4 concentration showed the presence of aromatic C-H, C=C, and C-O anhydride functional groups.
Analisis Performa PLTS Off Grid Untuk Sistem Desalinasi Metode Osmosis Terbalik
Authors: Supriyono Supriyono , Purwiyanto Purwiyanto , Aji Girawan Bayu , Setia Pribadi Joko , Santoso Agus
Published: May 2023

Bondan Hamlet is a hamlet in Kampung Laut District, Cilacap. One of the community's problems is the lack of clean water and the PLN electricity network. In 2020, a desalination facility named Sidesi Mas will be built in Bondan Hamlet with a capacity of 240 liters/hour and using the reverse osmosis principle. The energy source for desalination uses a solar power plant (PLTS). Desalination management requires economic analysis, especially in determining the selling price of desalinated water. The cost of producing desalinated water can be calculated using the Cost of energy (CoE) value of the PLTS or the costs incurred to produce electrical energy per 1 kWh. To get the PLTS CoE, this article discusses a simulation to analyze the performance of PLTS desalination systems with Homer software. Homer performs analytical calculations based on a location input, solar energy potential, capacity, and costs of PLTS components as well as electrical load data. The simulation results show that PLTS energy production is 535 kWh/year, the CoE value is IDR 21,975/kWh and the production cost for producing clean water is IDR 183.13/liter.
Analisis Porositas, Tekstur, dan Morfologi Karbon Tempurung Nipah Hasil Pirolisis Suhu Tinggi Untuk Anoda Baterai Sekunder
Authors: Rahayu Theresia Evila Purwanti Sri , Nurhilal Mohammad , Dwityaningsih Rosita
Published: May 2023

Lithium-ion batteries are the recent main store of electrochemical energy that have been widely used for electronic equipment, electric vehicles, and also renewable energy storage such as wind and solar. Lithium-ion batteries have many electrochemical advantages but lithium availability in nature is reduced very quickly and its distribution is uneven throughout the world. Sodium is attractive as an alternative to lithium insertion for secondary batteries because of its abundant availability and oxidation reduction potential to standard hydrogen electrodes only 0.3 volts higher than lithium. This study aims to synthesize hard carbon from nipah shell biomass using thermal methods of low-temperature pyrolysis (lower than 200 oC) followed by high-temperature pyrolysis (higher than 1000 oC). Characterization is carried out by iodine number analysis to determine porosity and SEM-EDX to determine texture and morphology. The result of the analysis of carbon iodine number is 346.86 mg/g while SEM-EDX analysis showed that carbon has a structure similar to a combination of graphene and nano-tube carbon.
SIPAMBULAN: Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Ambulan menggunakan Algoritma Djikstra
Authors: Susanto Agus , Purwaningrum Santi
Published: May 2023

The rapid development of information technology encourages innovation in various fields, including the field of disaster geographic information services. Lack of information on ambulance service providers is often the cause of delays in handling victims of natural disasters. Besides, the absence of information regarding the nearest route for ambulances to emergency service providers such as health centers and hospitals adds to the length of time for handling victims of natural disasters, resulting in increasingly severe victim losses, including life. This study aims to create a geographic information system that can be used to provide information on the location of the nearest ambulance service provider and emergency unit service. The system development research method uses the extreme programming method by implementing the Djikstra algorithm to determine the shortest route. This system testing process consists of testing the Djikstra algorithm and testing functionality using a usability scale. Djikstra's algorithm testing is done by comparing the results of calculating the shortest route for two location points with the results obtained when using the Google Maps application. The results of this test indicate that the system can display shorter routes than the routes generated by the Google Maps application. On the other hand, testing system functionality using the usability scale method to see system acceptance by users shows that the application can be used properly with a score obtained that is 77.
Korelasi Konsentrasi Etanol 5% Pada Bahan Bakar Gasolin Terhadap Performa, dan Emisi Gas Buang Mesin Bensin 150cc
Authors: Syarifudin Syarifudin , Yohana Eflita , Muchammad Muchammad , Suhartana Suhartana , Fatkhurrozak Faqih , Lukman Sanjaya Firman , Qurohman M. Taufik
Published: May 2023

Ethanol has higher octane and oxygen properties than fossil-fuel gasoline. Along with the increase in gasoline dependency and exhaust emissions, the use of ethanol as a fuel is urgently studied. This study aimed to observe the concentration of 5% ethanol in gasoline on the performance and exhaust emissions of a 150cc gasoline engine that was operated at 1000, 2000, and 3000rpm. The observation results show that the concentration of 5% ethanol in gasoline correlates with an increase in performance with indications of an increase in EGT, Brake power, BTE, and a decrease in SFC. On the emission side, it is also correlated with an increase in the quality of exhaust emissions with indications of increased CO2 emissions and reduced CO and HC emissions. The best correlation of 5% ethanol concentration was obtained at an operating speed of 2000rpm with an increase in EGT of 10.70%, an increase in Brake power of 9.49%, an increase in BTE of 38.62%, an increase in CO2 emissions of 23.06%, a decrease in SFC of 26 .49%, CO emission reduction of 16.67%, and HC emission reduction of 4.24%.
Geometric Foundations of Power Theory for Multiphase AC Systems in the Frequency Domain
Authors: Montoya Francisco G. , Ventura Jorge , Arrabal-Campos Francisco
M. , alcayde alfredo
Published: May 2023

This research paper presents a new approach to power definitions in multiphase AC systems in the frequency domain from a purely geometric approach. The theoretical foundation is based on Geometric Algebra (GA) framework, which enables the representation of harmonic voltages and currents as multidimensional vectors in Euclidean space. The use of the geometric product allows to compute the geometric power multivector. The proposed method is a generalization and extension of previous works that have focused on single- phase and balanced three-phase systems. This paper introduces a complete analysis of new power terms in arbitrary multi- phase electrical systems entirely rooted on Geometric Algebra and Symmetrical Components. Several synthetic and real-world examples are presented to illustrate the novelty, effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach. The results of this study contribute to the development of a new geometric foundation for the power theory in electrical engineering. 
PURIFYING ADVERSARIAL IMAGES USING ADVERSARIAL AUTOENCODERWITH CONDITIONAL NORMALIZING FLOWS
Authors: Ji Yi , Le Trung-Nghia , Nguyen Huy H. , Echizen Isao
Published: May 2023

We present a target-agnostic adversarial autoencoder with conditional normalizing flows specifically designed to, given any unlabeled image dataset, purify adversarial samples into clean images, i.e., remove adversarial noise from the images while preserving their visual quality. In our model interpretation, samples are processed by manifold projection in which the encoder brings the sample back into a posterior data distribution in latent space so that the sample is less likely to be irregular to the learned representation of any target classifier. Normalizing flows conditioned on top of our hybrid network structure and walk-back training are used to deal with common drawbacks of generative model and autoencoder-based approaches: not only the trade-off between compression loss and over-fitting on training data but also the structural model dependency on dataset classes and labels. Experiments demonstrated that our proposed model is preferable to existing target-agnostic adversarial defense methods particularly for large and unlabeled image datasets.
RA-UNet:A New Deep learning Segmentation Method for Semiconductor Wafer Defect Analysis on Fine-grained Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Images
Authors: Qiao Yibo , Mei  , Luo  , Chen
Published: May 2023

Given the increasing complexity in the modern semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturing process, a variety of defects may occur in each process step, which would eventually lead to loss in wafer yield. The complication and heterogeneity of defect morphologies add great challenges for in root cause analysis. In addition, because the defect data of scanning electron microscope(SEM) images is not easy to obtain, there is no public large data set, which brings difficulties to the training of the algorithm. In this study, we introduce a novel UNet architecture that integrates deep residual networks and an attention mechanism for the segmentation of wafer SEM images. The proposed methodology adopts an encoder-decoder structure, and adds an intermediate attention module (IAM) to enhance features using residual attention mask blocks (RAMBs). To validate the efficacy of the proposed RA-UNet model, a real dataset of defect SEM images in a foundry was manually collected and labeled. The results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 71.11%, providing empirical evidence for the effectiveness of the segmentation approach in the analysis of wafer defect SEM images.
A Random Coding Approach to Performance Analysis of the Locally Constrained Ordered Statistic Decoding
Authors: Liang Jifan , Ma Xiao
Published: May 2023

This paper is concerned with the locally constrained ordered statistic decoding (LC-OSD) of binary linear block codes, which is a near maximum-likelihood decoding algorithm. Compared with the conventional OSD, the LC-OSD significantly reduces both the maximum and average number of searches. The former is achieved by performing the serial list Viterbi algorithm (SLVA) over a trellis for local constraints on the test error patterns, while the latter is achieved by incorporating tailored early termination criteria. The main objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between the performance of the LC-OSD and decoding parameters, such as the constraint degree and the maximum list size. To this end, we approximate the local parity-check matrix as a totally random matrix and then estimate the performance of the LC-OSD by analyzing the performance of random codes over the channels associated with the most reliable bits (MRBs). The random coding approach enables us to derive an upper bound on the performance and predict the average rank of the transmitted codeword in the list delivered by the LC-OSD. This allows us to balance the constraint degree and the maximum list size for the average (or maximum) time complexity reduction. Simulation results show that the approximation is numerically effective and the random coding approach is powerful. Simulation results also show that the LC-OSD is comparable to other existing decoding algorithms, including soft guessing random additive noise decoding (SGRAND), verifying the efficiency and universality of the LC-OSD.
Crypto Technology - Impact on Global Economy
Authors: Pillai Arunkumar
Published: May 2023

This is about the impact of crypto technology on global economy.
Build General Machine Intelligence Based on the Brain’s General Stimulation-Response Mechanism That Can Decompose the Semantics in Natural Language
Authors: Tang Lei
Published: May 2023

The human natural language is the operation system of our consciousness activity, and before it appeared we human interacted with the nature and each other typically through the image and sound, of course human beings also are the part of nature. The use of tools catalyzes the generation of natural language, in which the semantics space established in the image and sound of nature has been expanded greatly. This paper introduces the brain’s general stimulation-response mechanism that can decompose the semantics in natural language. Based on this kind of mechanism rather than computing-power and the current computer processing ability, it is sure that we are able to better simulate the brain intelligence. 
Optimum Fully-Real Serial Commutator FFT Architecture in Terms of Multiplexers
Authors: HongJi Fang
Published: May 2023

This brief introduces an optimized architecture for serial commutator (SC) pipelined fast Fourier transform (FFT) with fully-real data paths, utilizing a novel data management scheme based on bit-dimension permutation circuits. By employing this approach, we minimized multiplexer utilization by 80% in every processing element (PE) and 50% in every permutation circuit of each stage compared to the conventional SC architecture. Additionally, the proposed structure achieved full hardware utilization with a natural order input/output (I/O) datastream. Experimental results demonstrate that our architecture reduced look-up table (LUT) logic by 31% compared to the prior design.
أهم التشريعات والقوانين المنشورة في جريدة الوقائع العراقية 1968/ 1979
Authors: المعموري يحيى , ناجي أحمد
Published: May 2023

تُعَدّ جريدة الوقائع العراقية أول جريدة رسمية صدرت في العراق بتاريخ 8 كانون الأول 1922، وهي الجريدة الرسمية للدولة العراقية، وواحدة من أهم الوثائق الأساسية والرسمية لها، كونها لسان حال الحكومة، وما تصدره من: قوانين، وتشريعات، وأنظمة، وتعليمات، ومراسيم، وأوامر.

بدأ العدد الأول من الجريدة بنشر: التشريعات، والبيانات الرسمية، ومحاضر جلسات مجلس النواب، والأعيان، واستمرت بذلك حتى نهاية العهد الملكي في 14 تموز 1958، وقد صدر منها لغاية هذا التاريخ (4178) عددًا، ثم بدأت بعدد جديد حمل الرقم (1) في 23 تموز 1958 بعد أن تأسس النظام الجمهوري في العراق.

 واستمر الجريدة بنشر القوانين والتشريعات التي تصدر من الحكومة العراقية على الرغم من اختلاف الأنظمة التي حكمت العراق، ابتداءً من العهد الملكي (1921-1958)، إلى العهد الجمهوري الأول (1958-1963)، ثم العهد الجمهوري الثاني (1963-1968)، إلى عهد حكم الرئيس السابق أحمد حسن البكر (1968-1979) -موضوع بحثنا- وحتى وقتنا الحالي، وليصبح ما ينشر فيها نافذ المفعول.

وموضوع بحثنا هو (أهم التشريعات والقوانين المنشورة في جريدة الوقائع العراقية 1968-1979)، نلقي الضوء من خلاله على أهم القوانين والتشريعات: (السياسية، والاقتصادية، والاجتماعية) الصادرة من عام (1968-1979)، التي نشرت في جريدة الوقائع العراقية.
الأسباب النحويَّة المؤدَّية إلى تعدد المعنى في النص القرآني
Authors: سلمان سمير
Published: May 2023

تؤدي الأسباب النحوية وظيفة مهمة في تعدد المعنى في النص القرآني ،وقد وظفها بعض المفسرين لغرض الاتساع في فهم النص وتتبع احتمالات تعدد المعنى فيه0 ويعد الزمخشري من أبرز المفسرين الذين وقفوا عندها مبيَّناً من خلالها المعنى المناسب لها في تفسير الآية القرآنية ،ومن هذه الأسباب: تعدد المعنى في حروف المعاني، وتعدد مرجع الضمير، وتعدد الأوجه الإعرابية، وتعدد المحل الإعرابي ، وتعدد تعلق الجار والمجرور والظرف بأكثر من شيء، فضلاً عن تعدد صاحب الحال والمستثنى والمستثنى منه.
نطاق مبدأ المشروعيّة في القَانُونِ الإداري
Authors: الحسيني محمد
Published: May 2023

قَدْ يشوب نطاق مَبدأ المشروعيّة غموض فِي مجالات مُتَعدِّدة ولذا يَكونُ بحاجة إِلَى بحث لكشف النقاب عَنْها. وينحصر نطاق البحث بَينَ حدّين لمبدأ المشروعيّة الحدّ الأَوَّل يَتَمثَّل بمبدأ المشروعيّة فِي الظروف الاعتيادية، والحد الثاني يَتَمثَّل بالمبدأ فِي الظروف الاستثنائية، وَمَعَ ذلك سندرس نظرية أعمال السيادة وَالَّتي رُبَمَا ينظر إليها بَعْضهم عَلَى أَنَّها خارجة عَنْ الحدّين، إِلَّا أَنَّها فِي الواقع لَيْسَتْ كذلك لِأَنَّها تأخذ موقعها فِي الحدّ الفاصل بَينَهُما.

إِنَّ نطاق مبدأ المشروعيّة يَتَحَدَّد في ثلاثة مواضع، وهي السلطة التقديرية للإدارة، والظروف الاستثنائية، وأعمال السيادة، ولذا سنُقسّم البحث إِلَى مقدمة وثلاث مباحث وخاتمة، وسندرس في المبحث الأول السلطة التقديرية للإدارة، وَنُخَصِّصُ الثاني لنظرية الظروف الاستثنائية، ونتناول فِي الثالث أعمال السيادة.
Peran pemerintah dan industri jasa keuangan dalam mendukung transformasi digital UKM
Authors: Adrian Adrian , Sarjana Samuel Horas
Published: May 2023

This article provides information about the role of the Government and Financial Services Industry in Supporting the Digital transformation of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to improve Indonesia’s economy. Methodology through Literature Research. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as productive economic enterprises owned by individuals and business entities, based on a survey by the Ministry of Cooperative SMEs in March 2021, amounted to 64.2 million by contributing to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 61.07% or Rp. 8,573.89 trillion. Digital-based MSME growth is targeted at 24 million in 2023 and 30 million in 2024, while digital-based modern cooperatives are targeted for 400 units in 2023 and 500 units in 2024. Digital transformation of MSMEs not only encourages the use of the marketplace but can also collaborate and increase production capacity so that they can go public and go international—growth in the number of MSMEs in terms of their number and contribution to the economy.

Public interest statement

This article aims to see how effective education and financial literacy for MSMEs by the government and financial institutions can encourage MSMEs to go digital in managing their business.

Article history

Received 21 Dec 2022 | Revised 27 Dec 2022 | Accepted 31 Dec 2022 | Online First 03 Feb 2023