bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Night shift work, chemical coexposures and risk of female breast cancer in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) cohort: a prospectively recruited case-cohort study
Authors: Liu Fei Chih , Veierød Marit Bragelien , Kjærheim Kristina , Robsahm Trude Eid , Ghiasvand Reza , Hosgood H Dean , Samuelsen Sven Ove , Bråtveit Magne , Kirkeleit Jorunn , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing , Silverman Debra T , Friesen Melissa C , Babigumira Ronnie , Shala Nita , Grimsrud Tom K , Stenehjem Jo Steinson
Published: January 2022

Objectives

This study examined the association between night shift work and risk of breast cancer, overall and by hormone receptor subtype, among females in the Norwegian Offshore Petroleum Workers (NOPW) cohort. We also examined the association of coexposure (chlorinated degreasers and benzene) and breast cancer risk, and possible interaction with work schedule.

Design

Prospectively recruited case-cohort study within the NOPW cohort.

Setting

Female offshore petroleum workers active on the Norwegian continental shelf.

Participants

600 female workers (86 cases and 514 non-cases) were included in the study. We excluded workers that died or emigrated before start of follow-up, had missing work history, were diagnosed with breast cancer or other prior malignancy (except non-melanoma skin cancer) before start of follow-up.

Results

No overall association was found between breast cancer risk and work schedule (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.46 for work schedule involving night shift vs day shift only). There was no significant association between work schedule and risk of any breast cancer subtype. No significant interactions were found between work schedule and chemical coexposures (breast cancer overall Pinteraction chlorinated degreasers=0.725 and Pinteraction benzene=0.175).

Conclusions

Our results did not provide supporting evidence that work schedule involving night shift affects breast cancer risk in female offshore petroleum workers, but should be considered cautiously due to few cases. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.
Amphetamine-type stimulant use and self-harm: protocol for a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Cumming Craig , Armstrong Gregory , Borschmann Rohan , Foulds James A , Newton-Howes Giles , McKetin Rebecca , Vallesi Shannen , Preen David , Young Jesse
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Amphetamine type stimulant (ATS) use and self-harm are both major public health concerns globally. Use of ATS is associated with a range of health and social problems, and has been increasing internationally in the last decade. Self-harm and ATS use share a number of underlying risk factors and occur at elevated rates in marginalised groups with high rates of exposure to trauma. The relationship between self-harm and ATS use is likely complex, and the causal pathway may run in either direction. A comprehensive review, synthesis and analysis of the evidence are warranted to investigate this relationship and inform policy and practice.

Methods and analysis

We will search the Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO and Scopus databases for relevant observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The initial search was conducted on 5 February 2021, with a final search expected on 1 February 2022. All studies will be independently screened by two reviewers, first on title and abstract, and then on full-text to determine inclusion in the review. We place no restriction on the population that studies investigate, our exposure of interest is both prescription and illicit ATS use, comparators will be those not currently using ATS, and our primary outcome of interest is the prevalence of self-harm. Data will be extracted using a predesigned template, and pooled prevalence and pooled measures of effect for the association between ATS use and self-harm. If sufficient data are available, we will perform multiple meta-analyses to produce pooled measures of effect for each measure of ATS exposure, as well as different population sub-groups. The Methodological Standard for Epidemiological Research scale will be used to assess study quality, and Egger’s test and I2 values will be used to assess publication bias and heterogeneity, respectively.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is required for this review. We will only synthesise information from published studies that were conducted with ethical approval, so no individual participant data will be used. We will disseminate our findings via publication in a peer-reviewed journal, national and international conference presentations, and presentations to stakeholders in the community.

Trial registration number

This study has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42021226562).
Validation of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) cases reported at national level following local root cause analysis: REFLECT study
Authors: Ahmad Ahmir , Dhillon Angad , Saunders Brian P , Kabir Misha , Thomas-Gibson Siwan
Published: January 2022

Objective

Our aim was to determine aetiology of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers (PCCRCs) identified from population-based data through local root cause analysis at a high-volume mixed secondary and tertiary referral centre.

Design/method

A subset of national cancer registration data, collected by the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service, was used to determine PCCRCs diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 at our centre.

Root cause analysis was performed for each identified PCCRC, using World Endoscopy Organisation recommendations, to validate it and assess most plausible explanation. We also assessed whether patient, clinician and/or service factors were primarily responsible.

Results

Of 107 ‘PCCRC’ cases provided from the national dataset, 20 were excluded (16 missing data, 4 duplicates). 87 ‘PCCRC’ cases were included of which 58 were true PCCRCs and 29 false PCCRCs.

False PCCRCs comprised 17 detected cancers (cancer diagnosed within 6 months of negative colonoscopy) and 12 cases did not meet PCCRC criteria. Inflammatory bowel disease was the most common risk factor (18/58) and the most common site was rectum (19/58). The most common explanation was ‘possible missed lesion, prior examination negative but inadequate’ (23/58) and clinician factors were primarily responsible for PCCRC occurrence in most cases (37/58).

Conclusion

Our single-centre study shows, after local analysis, there was misclassification of PCCRCs identified from a population-based registry. The degree of such error will vary between registries. Most PCCRCs occurred in cases of sub-optimal examination as indicated by poor photodocumentation. Effective mechanisms to feedback root cause analyses are critical for quality improvement.
Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with response to therapeutic PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Spassova Ivelina , Ugurel Selma , Kubat Linda , Zimmer Lisa , Terheyden Patrick , Mohr Annalena , Björn Andtback Hannah , Villabona Lisa , Leiter Ulrike , Eigentler Thomas , Loquai Carmen , Hassel Jessica C , Gambichler Thilo , Haferkamp Sebastian , Mohr Peter , Pfoehler Claudia , Heinzerling Lucie , Gutzmer Ralf , Utikal Jochen S , Horny Kai , Schildhaus Hans-Ulrich , Habermann Daniel , Hoffmann Daniel , Schadendorf Dirk , Becker Jürgen Christian
Published: January 2022

Background

Based on its viral-associated or UV-associated carcinogenesis, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly immunogenic skin cancer. Thus, clinically evident MCC occurs either in immuno-compromised patients or based on tumor-intrinsic immune escape mechanisms. This notion may explain that although advanced MCC can be effectively restrained by treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a considerable percentage of patients does not benefit from ICI therapy. Biomarkers predicting ICI treatment response are currently not available.

Methods

The present multicenter retrospective study investigated clinical and molecular characteristics in 114 patients with unresectable MCC at baseline before treatment with ICI for their association with therapy response (best overall response, BOR). In a subset of 21 patients, pretreatment tumor tissue was analyzed for activation, differentiation and spatial distribution of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).

Results

Of the 114 patients, n=74 (65%) achieved disease control (BOR=complete response/partial response/stable disease) on ICI. A Bayesian cumulative ordinal regression model revealed absence of immunosuppression and a limited number of tumor-involved organ systems was highly associated with a favorable therapy response. Unimpaired overall performance status, high age, normal serum lactate dehydrogenase and normal serum C reactive protein were moderately associated with disease control. While neither tumor Merkel cell polyomavirus nor tumor PD-L1 status showed a correlation with therapy response, treatment with anti-PD-1 antibodies was associated with a higher probability of disease control than treatment with anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry demonstrated the predominance of CD8+ effector and central memory T cells (TCM) in close proximity to tumor cells in patients with a favorable therapy response.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate the absence of immunosuppression, a limited number of tumor-affected organs, and a predominance of CD8+ TCM among TIL, as baseline parameters associated with a favorable response to PD-1/PD-L1 ICI therapy of advanced MCC. These factors should be considered when making treatment decisions in MCC patients.
Ipilimumab alone or in combination with nivolumab in patients with advanced melanoma who have progressed or relapsed on PD-1 blockade: clinical outcomes and translational biomarker analyses
Authors: Friedman Claire F , Spencer Christine , Cabanski Christopher R , Panageas Katherine S , Wells Daniel K , Ribas Antoni , Tawbi Hussein , Tsai Katy , Postow Michael , Shoushtari Alexander , Chapman Paul , Karakunnel Joyson , Bucktrout Samantha , Gherardini Pier , Hollmann Travis J , Chen Richard O , Callahan Margaret , LaVallee Theresa , Ibrahim Ramy , Wolchok Jedd
Published: January 2022

Background

There are no validated biomarkers that can aid clinicians in selecting who would best benefit from anticytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 monotherapy versus combination checkpoint blockade in patients with advanced melanoma who have progressive disease after programmed death 1 (PD-1) blockade.

Methods

We conducted a randomized multicenter phase II trial in patients with advanced melanoma. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 1 mg/kg of nivolumab plus 3 mg/kg of ipilimumab or 3 mg/kg of ipilimumab every 3 weeks for up to four doses. Patients were stratified by histological subtype and prior response to PD-1 therapy. The primary clinical objective was overall response rate by week 18. Translational biomarker analyses were conducted in patients with blood and tissue samples.

Results

Objective responses were seen in 5 of 9 patients in the ipilimumab arm and 2 of 10 patients in the ipilimumab+nivolumab arm; disease control rates (DCRs) (66.7% vs 60.0%) and rates of grade 3–4 adverse events (56% vs 50%) were comparable between arms. In a pooled analysis, patients with clinical benefit (CB), defined as Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response or progression-free for 6 months, showed increased circulating CD4+ T cells with higher polyfunctionality and interferon gamma production following treatment. Tumor profiling revealed enrichment of NRAS mutations and activation of transcriptional programs associated with innate and adaptive immunity in patients with CB.

Conclusions

In patients with advanced melanoma that previously progressed on PD-1 blockade, objective responses were seen in both arms, with comparable DCRs. Findings from biomarker analyses provided hypothesis-generating signals for validation in future studies of larger patient cohorts.

Trial registration number

NCT02731729.
Economic evaluation of intravenous alteplase for stroke with the time of onset between 4.5 and 9 hours
Authors: Chen Jigang , Liang Xin , Tong Xin , Han Mingyang , Ji Linjin , Zhao Songfeng , Hu Zhiqiang , Liu Aihua
Published: January 2022

Background

A clinical trial proved the clinical effectiveness of perfusion imaging-guided intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with the time of onset between 4.5 and 9 hours. This study aimed to assess the lifetime cost-effectiveness of alteplase versus placebo from the perspective of Chinese and United States (US) healthcare payers.

Methods

A decision-analytic model was built to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with alteplase or placebo. Model inputs were extracted from published sources. Incremental costs, incremental QALYs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated to evaluate the base-case scenario. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to evaluate uncertainty in the results.

Results

In China, alteplase yielded an additional lifetime QALY of 0.126 with an additional cost of Chinese Yuan (¥) ¥9552 compared with placebo, and the ICER was ¥83 950 (US$12 157)/QALY. In the US, alteplase had a higher QALY (difference: 0.193) with a lower cost (difference: US$−2024) compared with placebo. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, alteplase had a 42.54% to 78.3% probability of being cost-effective compared with placebo in China when the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold ranged from ¥72 447/QALY to ¥217 341/QALY. In the US, alteplase had a 93.47% to 93.57% probability of being cost-effective under the WTP threshold of US$100 000/QALY to US$150 000/QALY. These findings remained robust under one-way sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

For patients with AIS with a time of onset between 4.5 and 9 hours, perfusion imaging-guided intravenous alteplase was likely to be cost-effective in China and was cost-effective in the US when compared with placebo.
Introducing selfisher: open source software for statistical analyses of fishing gear selectivity
Authors: Brooks Mollie E. , Melli Valentina , Savina Esther , Santos Juan , Millar Russell , O’Neill Finbarr Gerard , Veiga-Malta Tiago , Krag Ludvig Ahm , Feekings Jordan Paul
Published: January 2022

There is a need to improve fishing methods to select for certain sizes and species while excluding others. Experiments are conducted to quantify selectivity of fishing gears and how variables such as gear design (e.g., mesh size, mesh shape), environmental parameters (e.g., light, turbidity, substrate) or biological parameters (e.g., fish condition) alter selectivity; the resulting data need to be analyzed using specialized statistical methods in many cases. Here, we present a new tool for analyzing this type of data: an R package named “selfisher”. It allows estimating multiple fixed effects (e.g., fish length, total catch weight, environmental variables) and random effects (e.g., haul). A bootstrapping procedure is also provided. We demonstrate its use via four case studies, including (A) covered codend analyses of four gears, (B) a paired gear study with numerous covariates, (C) a catch comparison study of unpaired hauls of gillnets and (D) a catch comparison study of paired hauls using polynomials and splines. This software will make it easier to model selectivity, teach statistical methods, and make analyses more repeatable.
Massless fermions in spatially flat FLRW space-times
Authors: Cotăescu Ion I.
Published: January 2022

The propagation of the packets of left-handed plane wave solutions of the massless Dirac equation is studied in spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) space-times. Assuming that the observations are performed in physical frames with Painlevé–Gullstrand coordinates, the current and energy–momentum tensor are derived, emphasising their severe decay and moderate dispersion during propagation. As the wave packets move along null geodesics, interesting effects are produced by the apparent or event horizons.
Application of superstatistical analysis on fluctuant surface shear in particle-laden turbulence boundary layer
Authors: Li Guang , He Wei , Yang Bo , Yu Hongxiang , Huang Ning , Herrmann Hans J. , Zhang Jie
Published: January 2022

We report on an application of superstatistics to particle-laden turbulent flow. Four flush-mounted hot-film wall shear sensors were used to record the fluctuations of the wall shear stress in sand-laden flow. By comparing the scaling exponent in sand-free with that in sand-laden flows, we found that the sand-laden flow is more intermittent. By applying the superstatistics analysis to the friction velocity, we found that the large time scale is smaller when the flow is sand-laden. The probability density of a fluctuating energy dissipation rate measured in sand-laden flow follows a log-normal distribution with higher variances than for sand-free flow. The variance of this dissipation rate is a power law of the corresponding time scale. The prediction based on the superstatistics model is consistent with our structure function exponents $$\zeta _n$$

ζ
n

for sand-free flow. Nevertheless, it overestimates $$\zeta _n$$

ζ
n

for sand-laden flow, especially at higher Reynolds numbers.

Graphic abstract
How to increase the physics output per MW.h for FCC-ee?
Authors: Shatilov D.
Published: January 2022

The efficiency of colliders for physics is largely determined by their luminosity, while most of the energy consumed by high-energy e$$^+$$

+

e$$^-$$

-

colliders is proportional to the total beam current. Thus, the energy efficiency is mainly determined by the specific luminosity that needs to be maximized. One of the most effective ways to achieve this is by using the Crab waist collision scheme, which implies a large Piwinski angle (LPA). A distinctive feature of the FCC-ee is the great influence of beamstrahlung (radiation in the field of an opposite bunch) on beam dynamics. At low energies, this manifests itself in a significant increase in the energy spread and bunch length, at high energies, in a limitation of the beam lifetime. The collision of intense bunches with LPA and beamstrahlung can also lead to various kinds of instabilities limiting the luminosity. Here, we discuss the main aspects to consider when optimizing the parameters of the FCC-ee collider at different energies and explain the choice of basic parameters such as RF voltage, lattice functions at IP, bunch intensity, etc. We will also pay attention to open issues requiring further study and identify some key points for the next phase of this project.
Dynamics of a New Multistable 4D Hyperchaotic Lorenz System and Its Applications
Authors: Leutcho Gervais Dolvis , Wang Huihai , Fozin Theophile Fonzin , Sun Kehui , Njitacke Zeric Tabekoueng , Kengne Jacques
Published: January 2022

Using an effective nonlinear feedback controller, a novel 4D hyperchaotic Lorenz system is built. Dynamical analyses show that it has interesting properties. Using some well-known analysis tools like Lyapunov spectrum, bifurcation analysis, chaos diagram, and phase space trajectories, it is found that several bifurcations enable the hyperchaotic dynamics to occur in the introduced model. Also, many windows of heterogeneous multistability are found in the parameter space (i.e. coexistence of a pair of chaotic attractors, coexistence of a periodic and a chaotic attractor). Besides, DSP implementation is successfully used to support the results of the theoretical prediction. Finally, a judicious image encryption algorithm based on the hyperchaotic Lorenz system is proposed with detailed analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed via several security analyses, which yields a secure image encryption application.
Hyper-Gaussian regularized Whittaker–Kotel’nikov–Shannon sampling series
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Yang , Zhang Haizhang
Published: January 2022

The reconstruction of a bandlimited function from its finite sample data is fundamental in signal analysis. It is well known that oversampling of a bandlimited function leads to exponential convergence in its reconstruction. A simple and efficient Gaussian regularized Shannon sampling formula has been proposed in G. W. Wei [Quasi wavelets and quasi interpolating wavelets, Chem. Phys. Lett. 296 (1998) 215–222] with such an exponential convergence ability. We show that all hyper-Gaussian regularized formulas share this desired property. The analysis is built on estimates on the Fourier transform of the hyper-Gaussian functions. We also establish error bounds for the reconstruction of derivatives of a univariate bandlimited function, and for multivariate bandlimited functions.
Study on Strongly Almost Convergence of Complex Uncertain Triple Sequences
Authors: Nath Jagannath , Tripathy Binod Chandra , Bhattacharya Baby
Published: January 2022

The main aim of this treatise is to study the concept of strongly almost convergence of complex uncertain triple sequences and to investigate the interrelationship among different aspect of this concept on the complex uncertain triple sequences.
Review and perspective on the calculations of mechanical and functional properties of low-dimensional nanocomposites
Authors: Xia Xiaodong , Liu Yang , Li Jackie , Weng George J.
Published: January 2022

Over the past decade, we have witnessed a stream of research activities on the mechanical and functional properties of graphene- and carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites. In this paper, we outline some of the efforts the present authors have participated along the way. Closely related contributions from the other authors are also introduced. The focus here is on the development of homogenization models for the effective properties of these low-dimensional nanocomposites. A key issue involved is the interface effects which are responsible for many extraordinary properties of the nanocomposites. To pave the way for the presentation of various homogenization models, we first give a general introduction to various categories of interface effects for both mechanical and functional properties. Then, the mechanical properties, involving the complex viscoelastic characteristics and coupled elastoplastic-damage processes, and the functional properties, involving electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity, thermal conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding and energy storage, are presented. We conclude with some perspectives on topics that deserve closer investigation in the near future.
Scalable synthesis, characterization and testing of 3D architected gyroid graphene lattices from additively manufactured templates
Authors: Ashraf Juveiriah M. , Fu Jing , Liao Kin , Chan Vincent , Abu Al-Rub Rashid K.
Published: January 2022

We have developed a novel, facile and architecturally versatile fabrication method for specially designed cellular graphene lattices using additively manufactured polymer-based gyroidal triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) as the initial sacrificial scaffold. Three-dimensional (3D)-printed templates of the polymeric gyroid lattices were coated with a mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and hydrazine solution via the hydrothermal process, followed by drying and thermal etching of the polymer scaffold, which resulted in a neat reduced GO (rGO) lattice of the gyroidal TPMS structure. Scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography were used to evaluate the morphology and size of the 3D rGO architectures, while a Raman response at 1360[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] (D peak), 1589[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] (G peak) and 2696[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] (2D peak) verified the presence of rGO. Thermo–electro–mechanical properties of rGO gyroid lattices of different densities were characterized where the highest Young’s modulus recorded was 351[Formula: see text]kPa for a sample with a density of 45.9[Formula: see text]mg[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]. The rGO gyroid lattice exhibits an electrical conductivity of 1.07[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text] and high thermal insulation property with a thermal conductivity of 0.102[Formula: see text]W[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K[Formula: see text]. It is demonstrated that the hydrothermal-assisted fabrication process is adaptable for different lattice architectures based on 3D-printed scaffolds and thus has wide functional applications.
Mechanics prediction of 2D architectured cellular structures using transfer learning
Authors: Li Shaoheng , Liu Ning , Becton Matthew , Zeng Xiaowei , Wang Xianqiao
Published: January 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) architectured cellular structures exhibit outstanding mechanical properties unmatched by their bulk counterparts and show promising outlooks in electronic applications. Understanding of the relationship between their mechanical properties and structure patterns has yet to be fully explored. Also, traditional design rules in 2D architectured structures requiring prior knowledge of geometric parameters impose fundamental challenges for achieving desired performance within a rapid optimization process. Here, by taking full advantage of unsupervised generative adversarial network-based transfer learning (TL) and high-performing coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD), we propose an adaptive design strategy to predict the mechanical performance of 2D architectured cellular structures as well as unravel hidden design rules for maximizing specific tensile strength. Results indicate that the established TL model is accurate enough to predict the mechanical properties of graphene kirigami, in which [Formula: see text] is 0.994 and 0.985 for specific strength and yield strain, respectively. The proposed design method combining machine learning with CGMD extends the ability of physical simulation beyond performance prediction, optimizing fracture mechanical properties by screening through the entire geometric design space of the architected 2D structures. Overall, this work proves that the design method based on TL can effectively obtain the power of new physical insights for structure design and optimization of interest.
About this title - Lamprophyres, Lamproites and Related Rocks: Tracers to Supercontinent Cycles and Metallogenesis
Authors: Krmíček L. , Chalapathi Rao N. V.
Published: January 2022

Paleoproterozoic to Cenozoic lamprophyres, lamproites and related rock types (e.g., orangeites, kimberlites) are volatile-rich mafic magmatic rocks with a unique potential for the investigation of processes affecting mantle reservoirs. They originated from primary mantle-derived melts that intruded both cratons and off-craton regions, which were parts of former supercontinents – Columbia, Rodinia and Gondwana–Pangea. Well-known for hosting economic minerals and elements such as diamonds, base metals, gold and platinum-group elements, they are also significant for our understanding of deep-mantle processes, such as mantle metasomatism and mantle plume–lithosphere interactions, as well as large-scale geodynamic processes, such as subduction-related tectonics, and supercontinent amalgamation and break-up.

This book aims to provide a timely overview of the state-of-the-art and recent advances as achieved by various research groups around the world. Mineralogical, geochemical, geochronological and isotope analyses are used to decipher the complex petrogenesis and metallogenesis of these extraordinary rocks, and unravel a complete history of tectonic events related to individual supercontinent cycles.
Task-RM: A Resource Manager for Energy Reduction in Task-Parallel Applications under Quality of Service Constraints
Authors: Azhar M. Waqar , Pericàs Miquel , Stenström Per
Published: January 2022

Improving energy efficiency is an important goal of computer system design. This article focuses on a general model of task-parallel applications under quality-of-service requirements on the completion time. Our technique, called
Task-RM
, exploits the variance in task execution-times and imbalance between tasks to allocate just enough resources in terms of voltage-frequency and core-allocation so that the application completes before the deadline. Moreover, we provide a solution that can harness additional energy savings with the availability of additional processors. We observe that, for the proposed run-time resource manager to allocate resources, it requires specification of the soft deadlines to the tasks. This is accomplished by analyzing the energy-saving scenarios offline and by providing
Task-RM
with the performance requirements of the tasks. The evaluation shows an energy saving of 33% compared to race-to-idle and 22% compared to dynamic slack allocation (DSA) with an overhead of less than 1%.
CASHT: Contention Analysis in Shared Hierarchies with Thefts
Authors: Gomes Cesar , Amiraski Maziar , Hempstead Mark
Published: January 2022

Cache management policies should consider workloads’ contention behavior when managing a shared cache. Prior art makes estimates about shared cache behavior by adding extra logic or time to isolate per workload cache statistics. These approaches provide per-workload analysis but do not provide a holistic understanding of the utilization and effectiveness of caches under the ever-growing contention that comes standard with scaling cores. We present Contention Analysis in Shared Hierarchies using Thefts, or CASHT,

1

a framework for capturing cache contention information both offline and online. CASHT takes advantage of cache statistics made richer by observing a consequence of cache contention: inter-core evictions, or what we call THEFTS. We use thefts to complement more familiar cache statistics to train a learning model based on Gradient-boosting Trees (GBT) to predict the best ways to partition the last-level cache. GBT achieves 90+% accuracy with trained models as small as 100 B and at least 95% accuracy at 1 kB model size when predicting the best way to partition two workloads. CASHT employs a novel run-time framework for collecting thefts-based metrics despite partition intervention, and enables per-access sampling rather than set sampling that could add overhead but may not capture true workload behavior. Coupling CASHT and GBT for use as a dynamic policy results in a very lightweight and dynamic partitioning scheme that performs within a margin of error of Utility-based Cache Partitioning at a 1/8 the overhead.
Solving for why
Authors: Krakovsky Marina
Published: January 2022

A focus on causality is promising to help researchers overcome shortcomings that have bedeviled more traditional approaches to artificial intelligence.
The lives of hidden figures matter in computer science education
Authors: Williams Tiffani L.
Published: January 2022

"I cannot work on what I cannot see…" ---Katherine Goble,
Hidden Figures
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy for Metal Deposition Studies
Authors: Kolb D. M. , Schneeweiss M. A.
Published: January 2022

Electrolytic metal deposition, particularly from aqueous solution, provides the basis for a number of indispensable industrial applications such as metal winning and refining, metal plating for corrosion protection, and surface finishing. Circuit board manufacturing in microelectronics, in particular, has renewed interest in the research of metal deposition. In addition to its industrial significance, electrodeposition is also of principal interest in regard to its fundamentals, such as, the investigation of electrocrystallization phenomena.
Muscle miR-16 deletion results in impaired insulin sensitivity and contractile function in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Lim Seongkyun , Deaver J. William , Rosa-Caldwell Megan E. , Lee David E. , Morena da Silva Francielly , Cabrera Ana Regina , Schrems Eleanor R. , Saling Landen W. , Washington Tyrone A. , Fluckey James D. , Greene Nicholas P.
Published: January 2022

We set to investigate the role of miR-16 in skeletal muscle during diet-induced insulin resistance. Our data provide novel evidence that the lack of miR-16 induced multiple aberrations in insulin sensitivity, muscle contractility, mitochondrial network health, and protein turnover in a sex-dependent manner. Interestingly, miR-16 deletion leads to insulin resistance in males and exacerbated glucose intolerance in females, suggesting different mechanisms of metabolic dysregulation with a lack of miR-16 between sexes.
Paracrine and endocrine regulation of renal K+ secretion
Authors: Polidoro Juliano Z. , Luchi Weverton M. , Seguro Antonio Carlos , Malnic Gerhard , Girardi Adriana C. C.
Published: January 2022

The seminal studies conducted by Giebisch and coworkers in the 1960s paved the way for understanding the renal mechanisms involved in K+ homeostasis. It was demonstrated that differential handling of K+ in the distal segments of the nephron is crucial for proper K+ balance. Although aldosterone had been classically ascribed as the major ion transport regulator in the distal nephron, thereby contributing to K+ homeostasis, it became clear that aldosterone per se could not explain the ability of the kidney to modulate kaliuresis in both acute and chronic settings. The existence of alternative kaliuretic and antikaliuretic mechanisms was suggested by physiological studies in the 1980s but only gained form and shape with the advent of molecular biology. It is now established that the kidneys recruit several endocrine and paracrine mechanisms for adequate kaliuretic response. These mechanisms include the direct effects of peritubular K+, a gut-kidney regulatory axis sensing dietary K+ levels, the kidney secretion of kallikrein during postprandial periods, the upregulation of angiotensin II receptors in the distal nephron during chronic changes in K+ diet, and the local increase of prostaglandins by low-K+ diet. This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of endocrine and paracrine mechanisms underlying the modulation of K+ secretion and how these mechanisms impact kaliuresis and K+ balance. We also highlight important unknowns about the regulation of renal K+ excretion under physiological circumstances.
Optophysiology: Illuminating cell physiology with optogenetics
Authors: Tan Peng , He Lian , Huang Yun , Zhou Yubin
Published: January 2022

Optogenetics combines light and genetics to enable precise control of living cells, tissues, and organisms with tailored functions. Optogenetics has the advantages of noninvasiveness, rapid responsiveness, tunable reversibility, and superior spatiotemporal resolution. Following the initial discovery of microbial opsins as light-actuated ion channels, a plethora of naturally occurring or engineered photoreceptors or photosensitive domains that respond to light at varying wavelengths has ushered in the next chapter of optogenetics. Through protein engineering and synthetic biology approaches, genetically encoded photoswitches can be modularly engineered into protein scaffolds or host cells to control a myriad of biological processes, as well as to enable behavioral control and disease intervention in vivo. Here, we summarize these optogenetic tools on the basis of their fundamental photochemical properties to better inform the chemical basis and design principles. We also highlight exemplary applications of opsin-free optogenetics in dissecting cellular physiology (designated “optophysiology”) and describe the current progress, as well as future trends, in wireless optogenetics, which enables remote interrogation of physiological processes with minimal invasiveness. This review is anticipated to spark novel thoughts on engineering next-generation optogenetic tools and devices that promise to accelerate both basic and translational studies.
Decomposition of Fourth‐Order Euler‐Type Linear Time‐Varying Differential System into Cascaded Two Second‐Order Euler Commutative Pairs
Authors: Ibrahim Salisu , Rababah Abedallah
Published: January 2022

This paper presents decomposition of the fourth‐order Euler‐type linear time‐varying system (LTVS) as a commutative pair of two second‐order Euler‐type systems. All necessary and sufficient conditions for the decomposition are deployed to investigate the commutativity, sensitivity, and the effect of disturbance on the fourth‐order LTVS. Some systems are commutative, and some are not commutative, while some are commutative under certain conditions. Based on this fact, the commutativity of fourth‐order Euler‐type LTVS is investigated by introducing the commutative requirements, theories, and conditions. The fourth‐order Euler‐type LTVSs are investigated into commutative pairs of twice Euler‐type second‐order linear time‐varying systems (LTVSs). The decomposition theories and conditions are derived, proved, and solved to simplify the use of commutativity for practical and industrial uses. Some fourth‐order systems are sensitive toward change in initial conditions or parameters while others are not, and the effect due to disturbance also varies within systems. Furthermore, the stability and robustness of systems have so many issues. But we consider fourth‐order Euler‐type LTVS to observe, investigate, and tackle these issues. Lastly, the realization of fourth‐order LTVS from cascaded two second‐order systems can be laboratory experimented which is an open problem for future engineers to investigate. However, the theoretical results show a good agreement with the simulation results is considered in this work. Perhaps it might have unlimited physical applications in science and engineering as well as theoretical contribution. But beyond any reasonable doubt, the novelty is guaranteed because this study is the first of its kind that introduces the decomposition of the fourth‐order Euler‐type linear time‐varying system (LTVS) as a commutative pair of two second‐order Euler‐type systems. Illustrative examples are presented to support the results.
A 10-Gene Signature Identified by Machine Learning for Predicting the Response to Transarterial Chemoembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tang Yiyang , Wu Yanqin , Xue Miao , Zhu Bowen , Fan Wenzhe , Li Jiaping
Published: January 2022

Background. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is recommended for intermediate-stage HCC patients. Owing to substantial variation in its efficacy, indicators of patient responses to TACE need to be determined. Methods. A Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset consisting of patients of different TACE-response status was retrieved. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated and variable gene ontology analyses were conducted. Potential drugs and response to immunotherapy were predicted using multiple bioinformatic algorithms. We built and compared 5 machine-learning models with finite genes to predict patients’ response to TACE. The model was also externally validated to discern different survival outcomes after TACE. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor stemness index were evaluated to explore potential mechanism of our model. Results. The gene set variation analysis revealed enhanced pathways related to G2/M checkpoint, E2F, mTORC1, and myc in TACE nonresponders. TACE responders had better immunotherapy response too. 373 DEGs were detected and the upregulated DEGs in nonresponders were enriched in IL-17 signal pathway. 5 machine-learning models were constructed and evaluated, and a linear support vector machine (SVM)-based model with 10 genes was selected (AQP1, FABP4, HERC6, LOX, PEG10, S100A8, SPARCL1, TIAM1, TSPAN8, and TYRO3). The model achieved an AUC and accuracy of 0.944 and 0.844, respectively, in the development cohort. In the external validation cohort comprised of patients receiving adjuvant TACE and postrecurrence TACE treatment, the predicted response group significantly outlived the predicted nonresponse counterparts. TACE nonresponders tend to have more macrophage M0 cells and lower resting mast cells in the tumor tissue and the stemness index is also higher than responders. Those characteristics were successfully captured by our model. Conclusion. The model based on expression data of 10 genes could potentially predict HCC patients’ response and prognosis after TACE treatment. The discriminating power was TACE-specific.
Frequency-Specific Changes of Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Patients with Acute Basal Ganglia Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Quan Xuemei , Hu Su , Meng Chaoguo , Cheng Lulu , Lu Yujie , Xia Yumei , Li Wenmei , Liang Huo , Li Mengting , Liang Zhijian
Published: January 2022

Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of different frequency bands in the spontaneous brain activity among patients with acute basal ganglia ischemic stroke (BGIS). Methods. In the present study, thirty-four patients with acute BGIS and forty-four healthy controls were examined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) from May 2019 to December 2020. Two amplitude methods including amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and fractional ALFF (fALFF) calculated in three frequency bands (conventional frequency band: 0.01-0.08 Hz; slow-5 frequency band: 0.01-0.027 Hz; and slow-4 frequency band: 0.027-0.073 Hz) were conducted to evaluate the spontaneous brain activity in patients with acute BGIS and healthy controls (HCs). Gaussian Random Field Theory (GRF, voxel

p
<
0.01

and cluster

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0.05

) correction was applied. The correlation analyses were performed between clinical scores and altered metrics values. Results. Compared to HCs, patients with acute BGIS showed decreased ALFF in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) in the conventional and slow-4 bands, increased fALFF in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) in the conventional and slow-4 bands, and increased fALFF in the bilateral caudate in the slow-5 frequency band. The fALFF value of the right caudate in the slow-5 frequency band was negatively correlated with the clinical scores. Conclusion. In conclusion, this study showed the alterations in ALFF and fALFF in three frequency bands between patients with acute BGIS and HCs. The results reflected that the abnormal LFO amplitude might be related with different frequency bands and promoted our understanding of pathophysiological mechanism in acute BGIS.
miR-652 Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting HOXA9 and Regulating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Chao , Chen Yang , Xiong Wenhua , Xu Ke
Published: January 2022

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the abnormal expression of miR-652 in osteosarcoma and its related mechanism. Materials and Methods. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-652 and HOXA9 in osteosarcoma tissues and normal tissues. A bioinformatics method was used to predict target genes of miR-652, and then luciferase reporter genes and western blot tests were used to verify expression of target genes. The miR-652 overexpression models were established by transfecting miR-652 mimics into osteosarcoma U-2OS cells, and HOXA9 overexpression models were simultaneously established by transfecting pcDNA3.1-HOXA9 into osteosarcoma U-2OS cells. Cell proliferation ability was detected by the CCK-8 assay, cell migration ability was detected by the scratch test, and cell invasion ability was detected by the Transwell invasion assay. Western blot tests were used to verify the expression of HOXA9, p-PI3K, p-AKT, MMP2 and MMP9. Results. miR-652 and HOXA9 showed low expression and overexpression, respectively, in osteosarcoma tissues. Proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities of osteosarcoma cells and the level of protein expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, MMP2, and MMP9 were significantly decreased with enhanced miR-652 expression

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0.01

, while overexpression of HOXA9 reversed this situation. The results of dual-luciferase reporter gene showed that expression and activity of HOXA9 were downregulated accordingly, and the level of HOXA9 protein was decreased with enhancing miR-652 expression

P
<
0.01

. Conclusion. miR-652 may negatively regulate HOXA9 expression and inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of osteosarcoma cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
A Continuous Test Method for Dynamic Change of Real Mesostructures of Soil
Authors: Qian Xiaoxu , Liu Xin , Yao Yunlong , Pu Shikun , Sheng Ke , Wang Guisen , Hong Baoning , Feng Dingyu
Published: January 2022

The regularity of dynamic change of real mesostructures of soil is the foundation of the macro- and mesointegrated research. Mesoscale research about continuous image acquisition in real soils, identifying and quantifying mesostructures, is the subject of current interest. Soil mesostructure measurement method is the basis of modeling, and the development of rapid, direct, and lower-cost methods has great practical value for engineering practice. Combined with conventional triaxial loading test equipment, optical measurement, mesoscopic imaging tracking system, and digital image technology, a new method for measuring the dynamic change of the soil mesostructure is designed. This integrated approach to observation and acquisition is realized by direct observation and continuous image capture for dynamic change of real mesostructures of soil. The methods are used to analyze the high compressibility of a certain clay, shear zone development of cement soil, and erosive effects of ecological soil in order to investigate the continuous variation of mesostructures during the shear test. The aim of this paper is to provide a simple, straightforward, continuous, and low-cost test method for revealing the characteristics of consecutive change of real mesostructures of soil in the conventional triaxial test.
Text Data Processing and Classification Algorithm Based on Data Fusion and Granular Computing
Authors: Ji Duo , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2022

With the rapid expansion of network information and the emergence of a large number of electronic texts, how to organize and manage this massive information has become a major challenge. Automatic text categorization technology is to study how to let the machine classify unknown text through self-learning, thus solving the difficulties encountered in manual classification. Because granular computing can reduce the knowledge in solving complex problems, it is more convenient to summarize and acquire knowledge. It has become a hotspot in recent years, and it also provides new ideas for text classification research. The rough set model of granular computing can acquire knowledge by mining decision rules. The decision process is more transparent and easy to understand. It has been paid attention to and applied in text classification research. Based on the research of existing achievements, this paper makes a further study on the application of granular computing in text categorization. After analyzing the existing feature selection methods, the feature distribution is proposed based on the relationship between feature words and categories. By calculating the distribution distance between any two feature words, the feature words with similar distribution distances are aggregated, which effectively reduces the dimension of the feature space and also avoids the individual samples caused by the existing feature selection algorithm. A phenomenon that is discarded due to features. The experimental results show that the clustering method can obtain higher classification accuracy than other feature selection methods when using SVM as the classifier. SVM performs best, and the final text classification accuracy rate can reach 85.46%. According to the correlation principle of the rough set, feature selection is made for each information granularity, the selected feature is used as the condition attribute and the coordination matrix is constructed, and the most similar sample is heuristically searched to obtain the attribute reduction set.