bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Catalytic Technologies for Selective Oxidation of Lower Alkanes
Authors: Gopal Srikant , Al-Hazmi Mohammed H
Published: February 2016

The main challenge for selective oxidation catalysis has always been achieving an economically viable selectivity. In this chapter, the advances made around the last decade in catalyst development for the selective oxidation of C2-C4 alkanes to carboxylic acids and olefins are discussed. To assess the progress made and to study the trends, particular attention has been given to the results reported in patents. A review of the developments reported in the research literature and new knowledge about the catalysts and their functioning have also been summarized. A comparison with existing processes is provided to obtain an idea of which selective oxidation routes are approaching closer to commercial implementation. Finally, some of the challenges that the selective oxidation routes must overcome for widespread commercial adoption are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
Membrane Engineering and its Role in Oil Refining and Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Brunetti Adele , Sellaro Miriam , Drioli Enrico , Barbieri Giuseppe
Published: February 2016

Nowadays, an important contribution to the sustainable industrial growth might come not only from the development of new materials but also from the re-design of process engineering, which leads to the development and the re-designing of more compact and efficient new processes in many areas of applications. As already done in large part of processes in Nature, membrane operations can serve in molecular separations, chemical transformations, water and energy transfer between different phases. Indeed, these technologies well fit the principles of this design philosophy and this is testified by the various applications of membranes in chemical and petrochemical industry and many are the successful examples of processes that have moved from lab-scale to pilot plant up to a demonstration unit in refinery. The main aim of this chapter is to show the main applications of membrane technology in the petrochemical industry and the related current research trends, focusing on the impact that membrane technology can have on the process sustainability.
Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Syngas to Ethanol and Higher Alcohols
Authors: Sun Jie , Wan Shaolong , Lin Jingdong , Wang Yong
Published: February 2016

Ethanol and higher alcohols (C2+OH) have attracted much attention owing to their wide applications. They can be produced from syngas using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Although homogeneous catalysts exhibit high productivity and selectivity of C2+OH, difficulties in separating and recycling homogeneous catalysts remain challenging. Among heterogeneous catalysts, Rh-based catalysts show promising higher selectivity of C2+OH. However, prohibitive cost of Rh metal hinders its large-scale application. Non-noble metal based heterogeneous catalysts include modified methanol synthesis catalysts, modified Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis catalysts, and Mo/MoS2-based catalysts. Compared with the modified F-T synthesis catalysts and Mo/MoS2-based catalysts, production of undesired byproducts on modified Cu-based catalysts can be well suppressed. Here, the influences of additives and supports on catalytic activity of modified Cu-based catalysts are discussed. Reaction mechanism and development of novel reactors are also included.
The Illusion of Democracy in Online Consumer Restaurant Reviews
Authors: Kobez Morag
Published: February 2016

Food has long served as a form of cultural capital, and historically it was an elite few food critics who held the power to ascribe status to dining experiences. The rise of social and digital media arguably allows anybody to adopt the role of critic. Lowered barriers associated with digital technologies, coupled with the contemporary ‘foodatainment' boom have opened the floodgates for amateurs to weigh into the critical culinary discourse. The tendency for contemporary high-status dining experiences to include casual, rustic and simple foods suggests that the age of food snobbery is in the past. However, this notion of ‘omnivorousness' can be viewed as an alternative means of establishing rules surrounding high-status foods. Johnston and Baumann's US research reveals two frames used in food writing to valorise foods in an omnivorous age: authenticity and exoticism. In this project, Johnston and Baumann's methodology is developed and applied to Australian professional and amateur reviews. Results show that Australian professional reviews frequently employ frames of distinction whereas amateur reviews do not; it concludes that the contribution by amateurs to the critical culinary discourse is limited.
Assessing Robustness of Asian Countries Ranking
Authors: Chakrabarty Nilanjana , Bhattacharjee Dibyojyoti
Published: February 2016

The term ‘digital divide' refers to the gap between individuals, households, businesses and geographic areas with regard to both their opportunities to access Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and to their use of Internet. Composite indicators are regularly used for measuring the divide and in benchmarking the country's performance. But often it creates controversies regarding the subjectivity that is connected with their construction methodology more specifically the weighting and aggregation issues. The paper attempts to assess the robustness of the ranks generated by the composite digital divide index using different weighting and aggregation schemes in case of Asian countries. Here four weighting techniques Iyengar-Sudarshan Method, Benefit of Doubt Method, Principal Component Analysis and Unobserved Component Model and three techniques of aggregation viz. Linear Aggregation, Geometric Aggregation and Weighted Displaced Ideal Method are used for mutual comparison.
Adoption of Constrained Application Protocol
Authors: Levä Tapio , Ilaghi Mahya , Looga Vilen , Komu Miika , Beijar Nicklas , Mazhelis Oleksiy
Published: February 2016

Among billions of Internet enabled devices that are expected to surround us in the near future, many will be resource constrained, i.e., will have limited power supply, processing power and memory. To cope with these limitations, the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) has been recently introduced as a lightweight alternative to HTTP for connecting the resource limited devices to the Web. Although the new protocol offers solid technical advantages, it remains uncertain whether a successful uptake will follow, as it depends also on its economic feasibility for the involved stakeholders. Therefore, this paper studies the techno-economic feasibility of CoAP using a systematic methodological framework. Based on eleven expert interviews complemented with a literature survey, the paper identifies potential deployment challenges for CoAP, both technical and business-related, and suggests approaches to overcome them. The findings should facilitate the uptake of CoAP by supporting the potential adopters of the protocol in their decision-making.
Efficient Key Frame Selection Approach for Object Detection in Wide Area Surveillance Applications
Authors: Essa Almabrok , Sidike Paheding , Asari Vijayan K.
Published: February 2016

This paper presents an efficient preprocessing algorithm for object detection in wide area surveillance video analysis. The proposed key-frame selection method utilizes the pixel intensity differences among subsequent frames to automatically select only the frames that contain the desired contextual information and discard the rest of the insignificant frames. For improving effectiveness and efficiency, a batch updating based on a modular representation strategy is also incorporated. Experimental results show that the proposed key frame selection technique has a significant positive performance impact on wide area surveillance applications such as automatic object detection and recognition in aerial imagery.
The Impact of Social Media Branding on Developing Brand Advocates for Start-Ups
Authors: Awad Tamer Abbas , Abdel Fatah Shereen Mohamed
Published: February 2016

Organizations are realizing the importance of social media and social networking sites as a communication channel for their brands. Startups, which are new small ventures, face many challenges to prosper in today's fast-paced economy. This research focuses on the challenge of building brand advocacy against the start-ups' low brand awareness and limited financing capabilities. Brand advocacy is defined as the extent to which consumers recommend the brand to their community. It is mainly characterized by high brand loyalty and strong positive electronic word of mouth. This research aims to explore the drivers of brand advocacy on social media in case of startups. The results of the will serve as the input for the second phase which follows a quantitative approach in which a survey will be undertaken to determine first, the relationship between the variables validated in the first phase and brand advocacy mediated by brand loyalty and electronic word of mouth, and second, test for demographics differences in this relationship.
A QSAR Study of Human Thymidine Phosphorylase Inhibitors with SMILES-Based Descriptors
Authors: Costa Adriana Santos , Borges de Melo Eduardo
Published: February 2016

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a multifunctional protein frequently overexpressed in many types of cancer. Considering the interest in new anticancer compounds, a QSAR study was carried out to investigate a set of uracil derivatives described as TP inhibitors. The only molecular descriptors used were derived from SMILES notation. Ordered Predictors Selection (OPS) was used for variable selection and the models were built using the PLS method. The authors validated the internal and external prediction capabilities of the obtained model. The model was also tested using a set of 12 molecules obtained by similarity search in the ZINC database. The results showed that it is possible to describe the variation of biological activity of the selected dataset using only SMILES-derived molecular descriptors, and the obtained model shows potential for use as an aid in the design of new TP inhibitors.
Revitalizing the Spirit of Management Training
Authors: Fairholm Matthew R.
Published: February 2016

The way management has been traditionally taught is linked to a management theory that dismisses the personal aspects of life. To better position managers in their organizations today, they need to embrace and apply a spiritual connotation to the work they do. By exploring how management training needs to change to include a mindset that accepts both the appeal to control and the need to be responsive to the spiritual side of both manager and employees, this article describes new skills and activities needed to engage in spiritual management. It describes traditional management theory briefly and then applies a spiritual application to that traditional work of management. With this new understanding, managers can prepare themselves to help workers be productive and useful while also helping them find meaning and personal fulfillment in the work.
What Research Tells Us
Authors: Earthman Glen I.
Published: February 2016

With the advent of Green Schools in the educational establishment, the theory was advanced that these schools would have a great deal of influence upon student and teacher performance. However, there has been little research conducted using certified Green School because of the paucity of such schools. The National Research Council of the National Academies of Science enlisted a group of scholars to investigate the possible relationship between Green Schools and student achievement. The committee had difficulty finding any research available that addressed the topic. The findings from existing research have produced mixed results. At the same time, research efforts on the relationship between Green Schools and student and teacher performance have slowed and different variables have been employed to try to find out the possible influence upon the users of the Green School. This recent development is encouraged by the US Green Buildings Council, which is developing a new research agenda.
Effectiveness and Content of Corporate Codes of Ethics as a Model for University Honor Codes
Authors: Hyatt Katherine
Published: February 2016

Reports of unethical behavior in the corporate, governmental, and academic settings are gaining attention. At least 50-70% of students have engaged in academic misconduct. Some colleges and universities have codes of conduct while others do not. However, the implementation of an effective code can deter academic dishonesty. This article discusses how corporate codes of ethics can be used as models for implementing university honor codes. Effective corporate codes of ethics have certain characteristics, are communicated appropriately, are accompanied by training, and become part of the culture of the organization. These elements and strategies can be applied by universities in order to deter cheating and other unethical behaviors.
Dynamic Social and Media Content Syndication for Second Screen
Authors: Menychtas Andreas , Tomás David , Tiemann Marco , Santzaridou Christina , Psychas Alexandros , Kyriazis Dimosthenis , Espert Juan Vicente Vidagany , Campbell Stuart
Published: February 2016

Social networking apps, sites and technologies offer a wide range of opportunities for businesses and developers to exploit the vast amount of information and user-generated content produced through social networking. In addition, the notion of second screen TV usage appears more influential than ever, with viewers continuously seeking further information and deeper engagement while watching their favourite movies or TV shows. In this work, the authors present SAM, an innovative platform that combines social media, content syndication and targets second screen usage to enhance media content provisioning, renovate the interaction with end-users and enrich their experience. SAM incorporates modern technologies and novel features in the areas of content management, dynamic social media, social mining, semantic annotation and multi-device representation to facilitate an advanced business environment for broadcasters, content and metadata providers, and editors to better exploit their assets and increase their revenues.
Predicting the French Stock Market Using Social Media Analysis
Authors: Martin Vincent , Bruno Emmanuel , Murisasco Elisabeth
Published: February 2016

In this article, the authors try to predict the next-day CAC40 index. They apply the idea of Johan Bollen et al. from (Bollen, Mao, & Zeng, 2011) on the French stock market and they conduct their experiment using French tweets. Two analyses are applied on tweets: sentiment analysis and subjectivity analysis. Results of these analyses are then used to train a simple neural network. The input features are the sentiment, the subjectivity and the CAC40 closing value at day-1 and day-0. The single output value is the predicted CAC40 closing value at day+1. The authors propose an architecture using the JEE framework resulting in a better scalability and an easier industrialization. The main experiments are conducted over 5 months of data. The authors train their neural network on the first of the data and they test predictions on the remaining quarter. Their best run gives a direction accuracy of 80% and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.97%. In another experiment, the authors retrain the neural network each day which decreases the MAPE to 1.14%.
Seroepidemiology of Asymptomatic Dengue Virus Infection in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jamjoom Ghazi A. , Azhar Esam I. , Kao Moujahid A. , Radadi Raja M.
Published: February 2016

Background

Although virologically confirmed dengue fever has been recognized in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, since 1994, causing yearly outbreaks, no proper seroepidemiologic studies on dengue virus have been conducted in this region. Such studies can define the extent of infection by this virus and estimate the proportion that may result in disease. The aim of this study was to measure the seroprevalence of past dengue virus infection in healthy Saudi nationals from different areas in the city of Jeddah and to investigate demographic and environmental factors that may increase exposure to infection.

Methods

Sera were collected from 1984 Saudi subjects attending primary health care centers in six districts of Jeddah. These included general patients of various ages seeking routine vaccinations, antenatal care or treatment of different illnesses excluding fever or suspected dengue. A number of blood donors were also tested. Serum samples were tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for IgG antibodies to dengue viruses 1, 2, 3, 4. A questionnaire was completed for each patient recording various anthropometric data and factors that may indicate possible risk of exposure to mosquito bites and dengue infection. Patients with missing data and those who reported a history of dengue fever were excluded from analysis, resulting in a sample of 1939 patients to be analyzed.

Results

The overall prevalence of dengue virus infection as measured by anti-dengue IgG antibodies from asymptomatic residents in Jeddah was 47.8% (927/1939) and 37% (68/184) in blood donors. Infection mostly did not result in recognizable disease, as only 19 of 1956 subjects with complete information (0.1%) reported having dengue fever in the past. Anti dengue seropositivity increased with age and was higher in males than females and in residents of communal housing and multistory buildings than in villas. One of the six districts showed significant increase in exposure rate as compared to the others. Availability of public sewage was associated with lower infection at a nearly significant level. No other clear risk factors were identifiable. Infection was not related to travel abroad.

Conclusions

Our results indicate a relatively high exposure of Jeddah residents to infection by dengue viruses, which must be considered endemic to this region. Infection largely remained asymptomatic or was only associated with minor illness for which patients did not seek treatment. These results call for continued vigilance for clinical cases of dengue that may arise from this wide exposure. They also call for more extensive control efforts to reduce exposure to and transmission of dengue viruses.
The ‘Peaks and Troughs’ of Societal Violence: Revisiting the Actions of Turkish and Kurdish Shopkeepers during the 2011 London Riots
Authors: Doná Giorgia , Taylor Helen
Published: February 2016

This article examines an instance of contained violence during the 2011 riots in London, when Turkish and Kurdish ‘shopkeepers’ in Dalston, East London prevented rioters from entering the area. Introducing a ‘peaks’ and ‘troughs’ approach to the sociological study of violence, the article argues that we need to look at the troughs of non-violence in order to understand the peaks of violence and vice-versa. Based on a small-scale empirical study, this article also shows that contrary to the dominant representation of social actors playing fixed roles during social unrest, we found shifting positions and blurred boundaries in the drama of the 2011 riots. The paper demonstrates that the instance of contained violence in Dalston was informed by three types of reverberations. Firstly, we identified anticipatory reverberations, as the shopkeepers were aware of concurrent events elsewhere in London and, as a result, anticipated rioting in Dalston. Secondly, we saw experiential reverberations, as they used their own experience of unrest in Turkey to inform their behaviour. Finally, the representation of the action of the shopkeepers in traditional and social media may have contributed to the containment of violence elsewhere in England, suggesting representational reverberations.
Differential Column Measurements Using Compact Solar-Tracking Spectrometers
Authors: Chen Jia , Viatte Camille , Hedelius Jacob K. , Jones Taylor , Franklin Jonathan E. , Parker Harrison , Gottlieb Elaine W. , Wennberg Paul O. , Dubey Manvendra K. , Wofsy Steven C.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. We demonstrate the use of compact solar-tracking Fourier transform spectrometers (Bruker EM27/SUN) for differential measurements of the column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CH4 and CO2 within urban areas. Using Allan variance analysis, we show that the differential column measurement has a precision of 0.1 ‰ for XCO2 and XCH4 using an optimum integration time of 10 min, which corresponds to standard deviations of 0.04 ppm, and 0.2 ppb, respectively. The sensor system is very stable over time and after relocation across the continent. We report tests of the differential column measurement, and its sensitivity to emission sources, by measuring the downwind minus upwind column gradient ΔXCH4 across dairy farms in the Chino California area and using the data to verify emissions reported in the literature. Spatial column gradient ratios ΔXCH4/ΔXCO2 were observed across Pasadena within the Los Angeles basin, indicating values consistent with regional emission ratios from the literature. Our precise, rapid measurements allow us to determine significant short-term variations (5–10 minutes) of ΔXCO2 and ΔXCH4, and to show that they represent atmospheric phenomena. Overall, this study helps establish a range of new applications for compact solar-viewing Fourier transform spectrometers. By accurately measuring the small differences in integrated column amounts across local and regional sources, we directly observe the mass loading of the atmosphere due to the influence of emissions in the intervening locale. The inference of the source strength is much more direct than inversion modeling using only surface concentrations, and less subject to errors associated with small-scale transport phenomena.
The Hellenic Seismological Network of Crete (HSNC): validation and results of the 2013 aftershock sequences
Authors: Chatzopoulos G. , Papadopoulos I. , Vallianatos F.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The last century, the global urbanization has leaded the majority of population to move into big, metropolitan areas. Small areas on the Earth's surface are being built with tall buildings in areas close to seismogenic zones. Such an area of great importance is the Hellenic arc in Greece. Among the regions with high seismicity is Crete, located on the subduction zone of the Eastern Mediterranean plate underneath the Aegean plate. The Hellenic Seismological Network of Crete (HSNC) has been built to cover the need on continuous monitoring of the regional seismicity in the vicinity of the South Aegean Sea and Crete Island. In the present work, with the use of Z-map software the spatial variability of Magnitude of Completeness (Mc) is calculated from HSNC's manual analysis catalogue of events from the beginning of 2008 till the end of September 2015, supporting the good coverage of HSNC in the area surrounding Crete Island. Furthermore, we discuss the 2013 seismicity when two large earthquakes occurred in the vicinity of Crete Island. The two main shocks and their aftershock sequences have been relocated with the use of HYPOINVERSE earthquake location software. Finally, the quality of seismological stations is addressed using the standard PQLX software.
Potential effects of vinasse as a soil amendment to control runoff and soil loss
Authors: Hazbavi Z. , Sadeghi S. H. R.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Application of organic materials are well known as environmental practices in soil restoration, preserving soil organic matter and recovering degraded soils of arid and semiarid lands. Therefore, the present research focused on evaluating the effectiveness of vinasse, a byproduct mainly of the sugar-ethanol industry, on soil conservation under simulated rainfall. Vinasse can be recycled as a soil amendment due to its organic matter content. Accordingly, the laboratory experiments were conducted by using 0.25 m2 experimental plots at 20 % slope and rainfall intensity of 72 mm h−1 with 0.5 h duration. The effect of vinasse was investigated on runoff and soil loss control. Experiments were set up as a control (with no amendment) and three treated plots with doses of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 L m−2 of vinasse subjected to simulated rainfall. Laboratory results indicated that vinasse at different levels could not significantly (P >  0.05) decrease the runoff amount and soil loss rate in the study plots compared to untreated plots. The average amounts of minimum runoff volume and soil loss were about 3985 mL and 46 g for the study plot at a 1 L m−2 level of vinasse application.
Human population density and tenebrionid richness covary in Mediterranean islands
Authors: Fattorini Simone , Strona Giovanni
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Human population growth is expected to drive several species to local extinction. Yet, an unexpected high biodiversity can be found even in densely populated areas. Although a positive correlation between human density and biodiversity can be explained by the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, an alternative possible explanation may come from the tendency of human settlements to be located in sites whose environmental conditions are particularly favourable also for many other animal species. To investigate this hypothesis, we studied the relationships between human population density and species richness of native tenebrionid beetles in small Italian islands. We used partial regression analysis to assess the individual contribution of island area (to account for the species–area relationship), elevation (used as a proxy of environmental diversity), and human density to species richness. We found that tenebrionid diversity increased with human population density even after controlling for area and elevation. This may suggest that islands that were (and are) more hospitable to humans are also those which can be more favourable for tenebrionids.
Reinventing Consumption Traditions through the Process of Unification of a Country: Understanding “Good Bye Lenin!”
Authors: Engür Ece Ceren
Published: February 2016

This paper focuses on the change of consumption traditions in terms of re-unification of a country. The discussion bases on the movie, “Good Bye Lenin!”(2003) and chases the transformations on consumption trends in order to understand how the re-unification of East and West Germany influences the practices of everyday life after a four decade long segregation. The movie displays the 1990’s Germany during the times when the Berlin Wall falls and frames a family portrait which is dominated by an idealist and traditional mother character in the last days of her life.
Of Genes and Germs: The Agenda of Health in Contemporary Hollywood
Authors: John Elwin
Published: February 2016

Within the digital labyrinth, our telling of the medical present and future is also mediated as expected, by a web of technological upgradations. Science and technology may have strengthened the health security of its citizens and so did the old villains/attackers of the human body which have become more powerful. Deadlier viruses have penetrated into the complex genomic structures of the human race which have paved the way for invention of human supportive vaccinations and also destructive possibilities of biological warfare. Through this paper, I study this tensely and anxious predicament of human beings as conceived and represented in popular cinema. With the help of certain select texts, Steven Soderbergh Contagion (2011), Wolfgang Petersen’s Outbreak (1995), Juan Carlos Fresnadillo’s 28 Weeks Later (2007) and Marc Forster’s World War Z (2013), I explore the sabotage of a specific individual agency- the human body and the ensuing chaos and disorder. While this paper will encompass the fear of the malign agent or the contagion and the cultural representation of health, I argue that the agenda of health may not localise/concentrate the workings of power to a privileged minority, but rather because of being a common requirement, this agenda can control and disrupt the entire social order of the world. The possibilities of this paper are limited within the framework of ‘virus’ as the agent, ‘health’ as the agenda and the human ‘body’ as the agency where various mediations could occur.
ANÁLISE EXPERIMENTAL DA RESISTÊNCIA À FLEXÃO SIMPLES DE VIGAS DE AÇO TIPO "I" COMPOSTAS DE PERFIS LAMINADOS DOTADAS DE EMENDAS SOLDADAS (doi:10.5216/reec.V11i1.37718)
Authors: Freitas Borges Rone Sérgio , Ferreira Gomes Orlando
Published: February 2016

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta o estudo experimental da capacidade resistente de vigas bi apoiadas em aço constituídas de perfis laminados de seção I do tipo W 250 x 22,3 ASTM A572 grau 50 laminados de abas paralelas com dois eixos de simetria, sendo dotadas de emendas com soldas de penetração total do tipo MIG (Metal Inert Gas). Foram ensaiadas sete vigas com comprimento de 3000 mm, sendo uma viga de referência. Nas seis vigas restantes foram confeccionadas emendas em diferentes posições variando a quantidade de emendas. Além disso, faz-se uma comparação com o comportamento de vigas com emendas parafusadas estudadas por Pereira (2014), no qual utilizou vigas com emendas nas mesmas disposições das utilizadas neste trabalho, mas com parafusos ASTM A325 e diâmetro de 19 mm. Todos os modelos foram submetidos a esforços de flexão simples até à ruptura, no qual foram medidos os deslocamentos verticais, deslocamentos relativos à torção e as deformações específicas do aço. As ligações das vigas resistiram aos ensaios de flexão simples, não sendo constatada nenhuma ruptura nas soldas e nem nos parafusos. A principal contribuição deste trabalho foi mostrar que as vigas com ligações soldadas e parafusadas, com as especificações descritas neste trabalho, podem ser utilizadas como elementos estruturais, pois resistiram bem aos esforços solicitados. ABSTRACT: This paper presents the experimental study of bearing capacity of bi supported by steel beams made of rolled section I of type W 250 x 22.3 ASTM A572 grade 50 profiles rolled parallel tabs with two axes of symmetry, being endowed with amendments with full penetration welds of type MIG (Metal Inert Gas). Seven beams were tested with a length of 3000 mm, with a reference beam. In the remaining six beams amendments were made in different positions varying the amount of amendments. Furthermore, it is a comparison with the behavior of beams with bolt seams studied by Pereira (2014), in which beams used with the same provisions of seams used in this work, but with ASTM A325 and screw diameter of 19 mm. All models were subjected to simple bending stress at break, in which the vertical displacements were measured relative displacements and specific torsional deformations steel. The links of beams resisted the simple bending tests, not being detected no break in welds and even the screws. The main contribution of this work was to show that the beams with welded and bolted connections with the specifications described in this paper can be used as structural elements, as well resisted the efforts required.
Innovated Management Design of Lake Kinnere (Israel) and its Drainage Basin
Authors: Gophen Moshe
Published: February 2016

During the last 80 years, the Lake Kinneret and its Drainage Basin ecosystems have undergone significant anthropogenic and natural modifications. Man made operations in the drainage basin and in the lake, accompanied by natural climatic conditions, resulted in modifications of the ecosystem structure. Old lake Hula and swamps were dredged and were being converted for agricultural development. Years later, the partial land utilization was modified, in an operation, referred to as the Hula Project operation. Twenty years later, several improvements for the Hula Project structure are suggested. Regimes of nutrient inputs into Lake Kinneret were changed by a decline in Nitrogen influx. Air and epilimnetic water temperature increase, as well as change of the nutrients composition. The lake ecosystem was shifted from P to N limitation. The phytoplankton and fish communities in the lake, were respectively modified. There were enhancements in N2-Fixing Cyano-bacteria and Bleak fishes beside the partial decline of tilapias. The impact of Albedo and ENSO (EL-NIÑO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION) factors is indicated. A combined impact of the natural and anthropogenic parameters are involved. An innovation in the management design within the lake, and the drainage basin ecosystems are suggested: 1: Cutoff of beach vegetation along 20% of the shoreline length enabling public recreation; 2: Intensification of Bleak and improvement of Tilapias fisheries aimed at both, the fishers’ income and the water quality improvement; 3) Slight changes in the Hula Project structure.
A Multistep Approach for Managing the Risks of Software Requirements Volatility
Authors: Al-Saiyd Nedhal A.
Published: February 2016

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Software is changed continuously in order to respond to different users and business needs. Requirements are changed dynamically to improve software usability and increase its value, but requirement volatility sometimes cause failures for many projects because of inadequate understanding of the changing causes and the consequences of these changes. This research highlights the importance of managing requirement changes, classify them, and control the impact risks of requirement volatility on software project. The proposed model is designed based on software requirements risks factors and how to reduce their impacts. Generally, requirements changing is considered as a difficult, costly and time-consumed task, and consequently it is too important to study the inter-relationships between the changes and their impacts on the other phases of software system. The good understanding of the changing causes and their consequences can improve and support requirements management process and also lead successfully to the predicted goals of changes. The high quality of the requirements influences the success of a software project during software development and maintenance processes.
Iterative Soft Permutation Decoding of Product Codes
Authors: Askali Mohamed , Ayoub Fouad , Chana Idriss , Belkasmi Mostafa
Published: February 2016

In this paper the performance of product codes based on quadratic residue codes is investigated. Our Proposed
Iterative decoding SISO based on a soft permutation decoding algorithm (SPDA) as a component decoder.
Numerical result for the proposed algorithm over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel is provided.
Results show that the turbo effect of the proposed decoder algorithm is established for this family of quadratic
residue codes.
Self-Organizing Map Learning with Momentum
Authors: Kuo Huang-Cheng , Chen Shih-Hao
Published: February 2016

Self-organizing map (SOM) is a type of artificial neural network for cluster analysis. Each neuron in the map competes with others for the input data objects in order to learn the grouping of the input space. Besides competition, neighbor neurons of a winning neuron also learn. SOM has a natural propensity to cluster data into visually distinct clusters, which show the intrinsic grouping of data.
<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">The self-organizing map algorithm is heuristic in nature and will almost always converge. Since self-organizing map may be trapped in a local optimum, so we introduce momentum into the learning process thus the movement of a neuron may jump over local optimum. We expect this will be similar to the learning of neurons in back-propagation with momentum. Like the learning process in back-propagation, the timing for updating the amount of movement of a neuron is either batch mode or incremental mode. However, due to the neighborhood function, the movement of a non-winner neuron is relatively small as compare to when it is a winner. So when deciding the momentum, the previous movement of a neuron needs special consideration. Experiment result show that adding momentum to self-organizing map considerably contributes to the acceleration of the convergence.
Rainfall Patterns Associated with the Oceanic Niño Index in the Colombian Coffee Zone
Authors: Peña-Q. Andrés J. , Ramírez-C. Carolina , Bermúdez-F. L. Natalia , Riaño-H. Néstor M.
Published: February 2016

Farming is one of the most water-demanding activities in the world. In Colombia, a coffee crop planted with rust-resistant varieties requires between 1500 and 1800 mm of annual rainfall. Crop phenological stages such as flowering and production are determined by the behavior and amount of rainfall. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) on the cumulative rainfall for the Colombian coffee zone. Simple correlations between the Oceanic Niño Index and cumulative monthly rainfall level were analyzed. The correlation coefficient and the p-value were determined for each station analyzed and for each month of the year. The objective is to determine if the ONI could be used in a forecast by analogy—an old but effective method to make decisions in agriculture—and mainly to define adaptation strategies. We found that the relationship between the ONI and cumulative rainfall did not have a homogeneous behavior throughout the country. There are different behaviors, and those depend on the seasons and regions. ONI has a high impact on the rainfall of the dry seasons in the center and sometimes in the south of the country. However in the north, there are no significant effects of this index. It means that other indices should be used to quantify the effect of El Niño and La Niña on the rainfall of the Colombian coffee zone or, on the other way, the use of other climate variability triggers, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation or the North Atlantic Oscillation.
Assessment and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Fruits from Different Tucuma Palm Tree Accesses for Keeping Their Preservation in Central Amazonia
Authors: Yuyama Kaoru , Aguiar J. P. L. , Araújo B. G. P. , Coelho E. C. S.
Published: February 2016

The Fruit from the Amazonian tucuma tree (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer) is almost entirely randomly extracted and thus, it holds a wide genetic variability, which diminishes its evenness besides several characteristics like pleasant flavor and thick pulp so appreciated when it comes to be consumed by humans. This fact is associated to the reproductive system, since it is a cross-pollinating plant. The present work assessed nine tucuma fruit accesses in Manaus, BR-174, Rio Preto da Eva and Vila do Equador, Rorainópolis Township, following the producers’ fruit preference indication. Simple correlation analysis indicates lipid content to be independent from the assessed characters, since it correlated to none of them. Therefore, the population formed from the selected accesses (BR 174, Jundiá 1, Manaus 1, Manaus 2), based on flavor, pulp thickness, yield and lipid content, will have a great chance of obtaining more uniform fruits that will please the consumers’ taste.
Presentation of Multi-Skill Workforce Scheduling Model and Solving the Model Using Meta-Heuristic Algorithms
Authors: Fozveh Iman , Salehi Hooman , Mogharehabed Kamran
Published: February 2016

In the present article, a multi-objective mathematical model for scheduling multi-skilled multi-objective workforce has been proposed with the aims of minimizing the number of night-shift engineers, minimizing the total cost of workforce and maximizing the number of engaged workforce. To solve the proposed model for scheduling workforce, bee colony optimization algorithm and DE algorithm have been employed, and in order to investigate the efficiency of these two algorithms, the results have been compared with each other in terms of quality, dispersion and uniformity factors. In order to solve the model three sample problems (40, 70 and 280 workforce) were designed and then solved by the two mentioned algorithms. Bee algorithm is able to find higher-quality answers. Also the results of the comparison of dispersion and uniformity index indicate that bee colony algorithm is able to find answers with more dispersion and more homogeneous than DE algorithm. The comparison of solution time of both algorithms indicate that bee colony algorithm is faster than DE algorithm and needs less time to reach quality, dispersed and homogenous answers.
O suicídio amoroso: uma proposição metapsicológica
Authors: Brunhari Marcos Vinícius , Tourinho Moretto Maria Lívia
Published: February 2016

A escuta de orientação psicanalítica àquele que relata uma tentativa desuicídio e a remete à ruptura de um relacionamento amoroso permite umareflexão de cunho metapsicológico que sustente que a quebra do vínculoamoroso é recusada de tal forma que a precipitação suicida nisso se insira, afim de manter algo que não pode ser perdido. Tomando a melancolia comoparadigma para o suicídio, aponta-se uma recusa a partir da manutençãodo amor. A assertiva freudiana de que o eu consente com a própria mortequando identificado ao objeto é passível de articulação com as proposiçõesde Lacan acerca de objeto de amor e o que transcende seus atributos.Acentuaremos como objeto a aquilo que está sob o invólucro amoroso ecomo este perfila, de forma fulgurante, na tentativa de suicídio.
O brincar nos primeiros três anos de vida: um estudo em contexto de creche
Authors: Simões de Oliveira Keilla Rebeka , Braz Aquino Fabíola De Sousa , Ribeiro Salomão Nádia Maria , Fernandes de Melo Clara Raíssa
Published: February 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as modalidades do brincarde crianças em contexto de creche, discutindo sua importância para odesenvolvimento infantil e a participação do adulto nos momentos debrincadeira. Participaram do estudo 9 crianças entre 1 e 3 anos de vidae 13 educadoras de três instituições de educação infantil. As interaçõesvideogravadas foram transcritas e analisadas qualitativamente por meioda descrição das interações entre as crianças, com os brinquedos e com aseducadoras. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o brincar exploratóriofoi mais observado no grupo de crianças de 1 ano, enquanto o simbólicofoi observado nos grupos de 2 e 3 anos. Verificou-se pouca participaçãodas educadoras nas interações, principalmente com as crianças de 2 e 3anos. Ressalta-se a necessidade da construção de espaços facilitadores deinterações sociais que reconheçam a importância do contexto e da cultura,consideradas favorecedoras de aprendizado e desenvolvimento.
Intervenções precoces na infância: observando a relação mãe-bebê em um serviço de saúde
Authors: Arpini Dorian Mônica , Zanatta Edinara , Marchesan Rafaela Quintana , Savegnago Sabrina Dal Ongaro , Bernardi Pedro Henrique
Published: February 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as atividades desenvolvidas emum projeto de extensão. Tal projeto visa a observar a relação entre criançasde 0 a 2 anos e suas mães nos atendimentos realizados pelo Programa daCriança em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, com o intuito de detectarpossíveis riscos ao desenvolvimento infantil de modo precoce. Utilizaseda técnica de observação, tendo por base os Indicadores Clínicos deRisco ao Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDI). Caso se identifiquem riscosao desenvolvimento, são utilizados outros recursos técnicos que podemincluir entrevistas de orientações aos familiares e encaminhamentos àrede de atendimentos especializados. Os resultados alcançados indicam aimportância do vínculo entre a equipe e os usuários, a maior atenção àsdíades e suas relações afetivas e a possibilidade de detecção precoce dasproblemáticas envolvendo os aspectos emocionais. Por fim, destaca-se a açãointerdisciplinar e a atuação da Psicologia na promoção de saúde.
Emblemática santa en sepulcros barrocos
Authors: Ortiz Garcia José Antonio
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: «Sacred Emblematics on Baroque Sepulchres» is a study of urns and reliquaries for Catalan saints. The symbolic language is applied to the funeral container of sacred content, in the specific cases of St. Olegario, St. Armengol, St. Bernard Calbó and St. Mary of Cervelló. With them we can refer to three different ways of presenting the sacred iconography in relation to local saints with incorrupt bodies: by means of emblematic literature, hagiography or decorative or heraldic motifs. KEYWORDS: Sepulchre, Reliquary, Incorrupt Saints, Catalonia, Baroque, Iconography.   RESUMEN: «Emblemática santa en sepulcros barrocos» es un estudio sobre urnas y relicarios de santos catalanes. El lenguaje simbólico se aplica al continente funerario de un contenido sacro, en los casos específicos de san Olegario, san Armengol, san Bernardo Calbó y santa María de Cervelló. Con ellos podemos hacer referencia a tres formas diversas de presentar la iconografía santa con relación a los santos locales incorruptos a través de la decoración de estas urnas-relicarios: la literatura emblemática, las hagiografías o los motivos ornamentales y heráldicos. PALABRAS CLAVES: sepulcro, urna-relicario, santos incorruptos, Cataluña, Barroco, iconografía.
On the Origins of Spanish Hieroglyphs: Part Two
Authors: Leal Pedro Germano
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: In this two-part article the Spanish reception of hieroglyphs, and their outcomes, are presented as an important aspect of the process of transmission of hieroglyphs in Early-Modern Europe. This change of perspective is important because it gives a general context for the phenomenon in Spain, clarifies its ties with the rest of the continent though the process of the diffusion of ideas and –perhaps more relevantly– highlights the distinctive characteristics that hieroglyphs achieved in Spain as a reflection of their adaptation to a different mentality, culminating in the creation of what the author regards as «classic Spanish hieroglyphs». KEYWORDS: Hieroglyph, Emblem, Diffusion, Genre.   RESUMEN: En este trabajo, dividido en dos partes, la recepción española de los jeroglíficos y sus desenlaces se presentan como un aspecto importante del proceso de transmisión de los jeroglíficos en Europa. Este cambio de perspectiva es importante porque da un marco general para el fenómeno en España, aclara sus vínculos con el resto del continente a través del proceso de difusión de ideas y –quizás lo más relevante– pone de relieve las características distintivas que jeroglíficos lograron en España como un reflejo de su adaptación a una mentalidad diferente, que culminó con la creación de lo que el autor se refiere como «jeroglíficos clásicos españoles». PALABRAS CLAVES: Jeroglífico, Emblema, Difusión, Género.