bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Thermostability of Serine Protease PB92 from Bacillus alcalophilus via Site-Directed Mutagenesis Based on Semi-Rational Design
Authors: Miao Huabiao , Xiang Xia , Han Nanyu , Wu Qian , Huang Zunxi
Published: August 2023

Proteases have been widely employed in many industrial processes. In this work, we aimed to improve the thermostability of the serine protease PB92 from Bacillus alcalophilus to meet the high-temperature requirements of biotechnological treatments. Eight mutation sites (N18, S97-S101, E110, and R143) were identified, and 21 mutants were constructed from B-factor comparison and multiple sequence alignment and expressed via Bacillus subtilis. Among them, fifteen mutants exhibited increased half-life (t1/2) values at 65 °C (1.13–31.61 times greater than that of the wild type). Based on the composite score of enzyme activity and thermostability, six complex mutants were implemented. The t1/2 values of these six complex mutants were 2.12–10.05 times greater than that of the wild type at 65 °C. In addition, structural analysis revealed that the increased thermal stability of complex mutants may be related to the formation of additional hydrophobic interactions due to increased hydrophobicity and the decreased flexibility of the structure. In brief, the thermal stability of the complex mutants N18L/R143L/S97A, N18L/R143L/S99L, and N18L/R143L/G100A was increased 4-fold, which reveals application potential in industry.
Dietary Polysaccharides Exert Anti-Fatigue Functions via the Gut-Muscle Axis: Advances and Prospectives
Authors: Zhou Yaping , Chu Zhongxing , Luo Yi , Yang Feiyan , Cao Fuliang , Luo Feijun , Lin Qinlu
Published: August 2023

Due to today’s fast-paced lifestyle, most people are in a state of sub-health and face “unexplained fatigue”, which can seriously affect their health, work efficiency, and quality of life. Fatigue is also a common symptom of several serious diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, cancer, etc. However, the contributing mechanisms are not clear, and there are currently no official recommendations for the treatment of fatigue. Some dietary polysaccharides are often used as health care supplements; these have been reported to have specific anti-fatigue effects, with minor side effects and rich pharmacological activities. Dietary polysaccharides can be activated during food processing or during gastrointestinal transit, exerting unique effects. This review aims to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the latest advances in the biological processes of exercise-induced fatigue, to understand dietary polysaccharides and their possible molecular mechanisms in alleviating exercise-induced fatigue, and to systematically elaborate the roles of gut microbiota and the gut-muscle axis in this process. From the perspective of the gut-muscle axis, investigating the relationship between polysaccharides and fatigue will enhance our understanding of fatigue and may lead to a significant breakthrough regarding the molecular mechanism of fatigue. This paper will provide new perspectives for further research into the use of polysaccharides in food science and food nutrition, which could help develop potential anti-fatigue agents and open up novel therapies for sub-health conditions.
Supercritical CO2 Processing of White Grape Must as a Strategy to Reduce the Addition of SO2
Authors: Cejudo Cristina , Díaz Ana Belén , Casas Lourdes , Martínez de la Ossa Enrique , Mantell Casimiro
Published: August 2023

In winemaking, sulfur dioxide addition is the most common procedure to prevent enzymatic and microbial alterations. However, the enological industry looks for safer alternatives to preserve enological products, and high-pressure treatments with supercritical CO2 are a suitable alternative. This study evaluates the effectiveness of this process in the stabilization and preservation of white grape must, studying the influence of time, pressure, and CO2 percentage on must characteristics. In spite of the percentage of CO2 turned out to be the variable that affects the most the process, no remarkable differences were observed in pH, acidity, and color intensity between untreated and treated musts. Moreover, this technique has proven to be very efficient in the reduction of aerobic mesophilic microorganisms as well as in the reduction of residual polyphenol oxidase activities, being lower than those obtained with SO2 addition (60 and 160 mg/L). Based on the results, the most convenient conditions were 100 bar and 10% CO2, for 10 min treatment.
Nutritional Quality and Fatty Acids Composition of Invasive Chinese Mitten Crab from Odra Estuary (Baltic Basin)
Authors: Czerniejewski Przemysław , Bienkiewicz Grzegorz , Tokarczyk Grzegorz
Published: August 2023

The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is recognized as an invasive species in Europe but increasing fishing efforts may hold economic benefits and yield positive ecological and nutritional outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the yield of edible parts and the compositional and nutritional characteristics of this crab, especially as a source of n-3 PUFA. The overall yield of edible parts amounted to 38.09%, with males (27.72%) exhibiting a higher meat content compared to females (25.30%). The gonads displayed the highest protein content (24.12%), while the hepatopancreas (11.67%) showcased the highest fat content. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition varied depending on the distribution within different crab segments and gender and individual size. Notably, the gonad lipids contained the most nutritionally valuable n-3 fatty acids, followed by muscle and hepatopancreas lipids. The determined index of atherogenicity (IA) from 0.2 for gonadal lipids to 0.42 for hepatopancreas lipids, index of thrombogenicity (IT) in the range of 0.10 for gonads to 0.41 for hepatopancreas, and flesh lipid quality (FLQ) from 6.9 for hepatopancreas to 23 for muscle lipids indicate their pro-health properties. The ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids showed Chinese mitten crab as an excellent source of oil that can be used for food fortification and dietary supplement production.
A Molecular Toolbox to Identify and Quantify Grape Varieties: On the Trace of “Glera”
Authors: Carrara Ilaria , Terzi Valeria , Ghizzoni Roberta , Delbono Stefano , Tumino Giorgio , Crespan Manna , Gardiman Massimo , Francia Enrico , Morcia Caterina
Published: August 2023

A pillar of wine authenticity is the variety/ies used. Ampelographic descriptors and SSR markers, included in several national and international databases, are extensively used for varietal identification purposes. Recently, SNP markers have been proposed as useful for grape varietal identification and traceability. Our study has been directed toward the development of a molecular toolbox able to track grape varieties from the nursery to the must. Two complementary approaches were developed, exploiting SNP markers with two different technologies, i.e., a high-throughput platform for varietal identification and a digital PCR system for varietal quantification. As proof-of-concept, the toolbox was successfully applied to the identification and quantification of the “Glera” variety along the Prosecco wine production chain. The assays developed found their limits in commercial, aged wines.
Cadmium Exposure in Aquatic Products and Health Risk Classification Assessment in Residents of Zhejiang, China
Authors: He Yue , Fang Hangyan , Pan Xiaodong , Zhu Bing , Chen Jiang , Wang Jikai , Zhang Ronghua , Chen Lili , Qi Xiaojuan , Zhang Hexiang
Published: August 2023

Cadmium (Cd) pollution of food safety is a prominent food safety concern worldwide. The concentration of Cd in six aquatic food categories collected from 2018 to 2022 was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the Cd exposure levels were calculated by combining the Cd concentration and food consumption data of 18913 urban and rural residents in Zhejiang Province in 2015–2016. The mean Cd concentration was 0.699 mg/kg and the mean Cd exposure of aquatic foods was 0.00951 mg/kg BW/month for the general population. Marine crustaceans were the largest Cd contributor, corresponding to 82.7%. The regional distribution results showed that the average Cd exposure levels of 11 cities did not exceed the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). According to the subgroups, the Cd mean exposure level of 2–3-year-old children was significantly higher than that of the other age groups but did not exceed the PTMI. Health risk classification assessment demonstrated that the final risk score was six, and the health risk level of Cd exposure in aquatic products in the Zhejiang population was medium. These results demonstrated that the risk of Cd exposure in certain food types or age groups should be given more concern.
Chemometric Classification of Apple Cultivars Based on Physicochemical Properties: Raw Material Selection for Processing Applications
Authors: Zhang Maiqi , Yin Yihao , Li Yantong , Jiang Yongli , Hu Xiaosong , Yi Junjie
Published: August 2023

Apple cultivars exhibit significant diversity in fruit quality traits, creating distinct consumption scenarios. This study aimed to assess the physicochemical parameters and sensory attributes differences among fifteen apple cultivars and identify characteristic qualities suitable for various processed apple products using chemometric analysis. Relatively large differences were registered between cultivars for deflection, peel color, titratable acidity (TA), the ratio of total soluble solid to titratable acidity (TSS/TA), hardness, soluble sugar, and volatile organic compound contents. Sensory results showed significant differences existed among the preferences for different processed products. Based on the above results, all cultivars could be distinguished into three main clusters. Cluster I (i.e., Aziteke, Bakeai, Magic Flute, Royal Gala, Red General, Red Delicious, and Zhongqiuwang) demonstrated favorable appearance, high sensory scores, and rich aroma volatile compounds, making them suitable for direct consumption. Cluster II (i.e., Fuburuisi, Sinike, Honglu, and Huashuo) exhibited a higher sugar and acid content, making them suitable for apple juice production. Cluster III (i.e., Miqila, Honey Crisp, Shandong Fuji, and Yanfu 3) were more suitable for fresh-cut apples due to their good flavor and undesirable appearance. Several chemometric analyses effectively assessed differences among apple cultivars.
Antibacterial Activity of Hexanol Vapor In Vitro and on the Surface of Vegetables
Authors: Kyoui Daisuke , Saito Yuka , Takahashi Akifumi , Tanaka Gou , Yoshida Runa , Maegaki Yoshiyuki , Kawarai Taketo , Ogihara Hirokazu , Suzuki Chise
Published: August 2023

Hexanol is a volatile alcohol and a major component of plant essential oils (EOs). However, the antibacterial activity of hexanol vapor has not been well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hexanol. In this study, seven food-related bacteria were exposed to 1-, 2- or 3-hexanol vapor on agar media to evaluate their growth. Additionally, the total viable counts in three vegetables when exposed to 1-hexanol vapor were measured. The results showed that 1-hexanol exhibited antibacterial effects against Gram-negative bacteria but did not affect Gram-positive bacteria. However, compounds 2- and 3-hexanol did not show antimicrobial activity against any bacteria. For the vegetables, exposure to 1-hexanol vapor decreased the total viable bacterial counts in cabbage and carrot and inhibited bacterial growth in eggplants. In cabbage, 1-hexanol vapor at concentrations over 50 ppm decreased the total viable count within 72 h, and 25 ppm of vapor showed bacteriostatic activity for 168 h. However, 1-hexanol vapor also caused discoloration in cabbage. In summary, 1-hexanol has the potential to act as an antibacterial agent, but further studies are required for practical use. Moreover, the study results may help determine the antimicrobial activity of various EOs in the future.
Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Commercial Teas: Profiling Catechin Alkaloids, Phenolic Acids, and Flavonols Using Targeted Statistical Approaches
Authors: Chen Yuan , Lai Lingling , You Youli , Gao Ruizhen , Xiang Jiaxin , Wang Guojun , Yu Wenquan
Published: August 2023

Tea, an extensively consumed and globally popular beverage, has diverse chemical compositions that ascertain its quality and categorization. In this investigation, we formulated an analytical and quantification approach employing reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) methodology coupled with diode-array detection (DAD) to precisely quantify 20 principal constituents within 121 tea samples spanning 6 distinct variants. The constituents include alkaloids, catechins, flavonols, and phenolic acids. Our findings delineate that the variances in chemical constitution across dissimilar tea types predominantly hinge upon the intricacies of their processing protocols. Notably, green and yellow teas evinced elevated concentrations of total chemical moieties vis à vis other tea classifications. Remarkably divergent levels of alkaloids, catechins, flavonols, and phenolic acids were ascertained among the disparate tea classifications. By leveraging random forest analysis, we ascertained gallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate as pivotal biomarkers for effective tea classification within the principal cadre of tea catechins. Our outcomes distinctly underscore substantial dissimilarities in the specific compounds inherent to varying tea categories, as ascertained via the devised and duly validated approach. The implications of this compositional elucidation serve as a pertinent benchmark for the comprehensive assessment and classification of tea specimens.
Multiple Solutions to a Non-Local Problem of Schrödinger–Kirchhoff Type in ℝN
Authors: Kim In Hyoun , Kim Yun-Ho , Park Kisoeb
Published: August 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to show the existence of a sequence of infinitely many small energy solutions to the nonlinear elliptic equations of Kirchhoff–Schrödinger type involving the fractional p-Laplacian by employing the dual fountain theorem as a key tool. Because of the presence of a non-local Kirchhoff coefficient, under conditions on the nonlinear term given in the present paper, we cannot obtain the same results concerning the existence of solutions in similar ways as in the previous related works. For this reason, we consider a class of Kirchhoff coefficients that are different from before to provide our multiplicity result. In addition, the behavior of nonlinear terms near zero is slightly different from previous studies.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Be Stars: Influence of the Envelope Parameters on Brackett-Series Behaviour
Authors: Cochetti Yanina Roxana , Granada Anahi , Arias María Laura , Torres Andrea Fabiana , Arcos Catalina
Published: August 2023

The IR spectra of Be stars display numerous hydrogen recombination lines, constituting a great resource for obtaining information on the physical and dynamic structures of different regions within the circumstellar envelope. Nevertheless, this spectral region has not been analysed in depth, and there is a lack of synthetic spectra with which to compare observations. Therefore, we computed synthetic spectra with the HDUST code for different disc parameters. Here, we present our results on the spectral region that includes lines of the Brackett series. We discuss the dependence of the line series strengths on several parameters that describe the structure of the disc. We also compared model line profiles, fluxes, and EWs with observational data for two Be stars (MX Pup and π Aqr). Even though the synthetic spectra adequately fit our observations of both stars and allow us to constrain the parameters of the disc, there is a discrepancy with the observed data in the EW and flux measurements, especially in the case of MX Pup. It is possible that by including Brackett lines of higher terms or adding the analysis of other series, we may be able to better constrain the parameters of the observed disc.
Upcycling Wool Waste into Keratin Gel-Based Nanofibers Using Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Mouro Cláudia , Martins Rodrigo , Gomes Ana P. , Gouveia Isabel C.
Published: August 2023

Millions of tons of wool waste are produced yearly by textile industries, which may become a serious environmental hazard in the near future. Given this concern, it is crucial to explore strategies to reduce the amount of wool waste generated worldwide and adopt more sustainable practices for dissolving and regenerating wool keratin (WK) from textile waste. Most traditional methods involve the use of expensive, toxic, harmful, and poorly biodegradable compounds. To overcome these limitations and facilitate the reuse of wool waste through a cascade valorization strategy, researchers have started testing the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) as a more sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for WK dissolution and regeneration. In this study, the potential of two different DES mixtures, Choline chloride (ChCl): Urea and L-Cysteine (L-Cys): Lactic acid (LA), was explored for dissolving wool waste. Subsequently, the gels obtained based on DES-WK were blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in different ratios to produce nanofibers using the electrospinning technique. The PVA/L-Cys: LA DES-WK proved to be the most effective DES mixture for fabricating WK gel-based nanofibers. Furthermore, their antioxidant and antimicrobial abilities were evaluated, thus confirming their bioactivity. The results obtained revealed that this approach to valorizing textile waste offers a unique avenue for the development of sustainable functional materials with potential applications in various biomedical and industrial fields.
Survey of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy Dosing Experiences in Adults with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Authors: Lewis Dana M. , Shahid Arsalan
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is essential for treating exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), a condition where the pancreas does not produce adequate enzymes for digestion. This study delves into the real-world experiences of individuals with EPI regarding their PERT usage. Methods: A study was executed using a tailored survey targeting individuals with EPI. Quantitative data analysis assessed factors such as age, duration of EPI, elastase levels, choice of PERT, perceived effectiveness of titration, and the time taken for effective titration. Results: The study comprised 111 participants, predominantly female (93%) and hailing from North America (79%). Of these, 36.7% had been diagnosed with EPI for 3 or more years. A significant 72% felt they were not consistently consuming adequate enzymes, with only 22% believing their intake was sufficient. There were 44 participants (42%) still in the process of adjusting their enzyme doses. In contrast, 17 participants (16%) took a few weeks, 21 (20%) a few months, 11 (10%) over six months, 10 (9%) more than a year, and 3 (3%) several years for dose adjustment. Regarding enzyme titration advice, 30 participants (29%) received vague guidance, while 22 (21%) found the advice beneficial. Conclusions: This study underscores the pressing need for enhanced PERT dosing guidance. The insights gleaned spotlight the prevalent undertreatment across the entire EPI demographic, including in those with lesser-studied co-conditions.
Quality of Life as Perceived by Elite Mountain Athletes in Spain
Authors: Rojo-Ramos Jorge , Mayordomo-Pinilla Noelia , Castillo-Paredes Antonio , Galán-Arroyo Carmen
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Physical activity is a great remedy to prevent diseases, as well as to keep us healthy and improve our physical, mental, and social health. One of the many benefits of physical exercise is emotional regulation, which allows us to provide an adequate response to everyday situations in addition to controlling our own emotions. High-level athletes face multifactorial stressors that can affect their quality of life. Materials and Methods: We explored the relationship between quality of life and emotional regulation using questionnaires that measure self-reported quality of life and how they cope with stressful situations in 54 mountain athletes with a mean age of 21.88 (SD = 7.88). We also investigated gender differences and demographic location in this population, as they are subjected to very high moments of stress in competition, with the risk that this modality entails. Results: Rural areas have better physical and psychological health, with higher scores on quality of life and adaptation dimensions. Women have a worse quality of life, specifically in psychological health, with worse coping mechanisms. Conclusions: It is important to design strategies that improve these mechanisms, specifically in urban areas and the female sex, to improve their emotional regulation and quality of life.
Aesthetic Attitude Based on Kant’s Aesthetics of Caring Relationships in Nursing
Authors: Kong Byunghye , Oh Younjae
Published: August 2023

(1) Background: Although aesthetic attitude has been comprehended as one of the fundamental traits in nursing, there is a lack of discussion considering Kant’s aesthetics of caring relationships. The purpose of this study was to illuminate aesthetic and moral characteristics of caring expressed in the caring relationship between a nurse and patient and suggest a new perspective of aesthetic attitude based on Kant’s aesthetics of care ethics. (2) Methods: A theoretical reflection was contemplated regarding notions of aesthetic attitude in the caring relationship between a nurse and patient. (3) Results: human faculty of reflective aesthetic judgment to feel the beautiful and the sublime through imagination and free play in Kant’s aesthetics could be applied to the aesthetic attitude in the field of nursing. (4) Conclusions: A nurse who has trained with this aesthetic attitude can act as a moral agent and contribute to the protection and promotion of human dignity in a caring relationship.
Mental Wellbeing and Health-Risk Behaviours of University Students in Brunei: A Cross-Sectional Study during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abdul Rahman Hanif , Julaini Nurul Nazurah , Zaim Siti Nurzaimah Nazhirah , Masri Nurfatin Amalina , Abdul-Mumin Khadizah H.
Published: August 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease discovered in 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted the health behaviour of university students in a range of western nations and had a number of detrimental effects on their mental wellbeing. However, little is known about the impact on university students in Southeast Asia, particularly in Brunei. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and factors related to poor mental wellbeing and engaging in health-risk behaviors among university students in Brunei during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of students in all public universities was conducted from March to June 2021. Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and WHO STEPs questionnaires were used to measure mental wellbeing, physical activity, and health behaviors, respectively. Logistic regressions were applied. Results: A total of 1020 university students participated in this study (57% response rate). Prevalence of poor mental wellbeing and physical inactivity were 30% and 42.8%, respectively. Excessive snacking (89.7%), sugar intake (81.7%), and salt intake (53.8%) were the most prevalent health-risk behaviors. Body mass index and participating in sports activities were the most common factors related to mental wellbeing and health-risk behaviors. Conclusions: Participating in certain sports activities appears to have protective effects against study outcomes. However, a high prevalence of physical inactivity and unhealthy diet among university students is a concern, as it could be indicative of future non-communicable disease trends.
Treatment of Upper Crossed Syndrome: A Narrative Systematic Review
Authors: Chang Min Cheol , Choo Yoo Jin , Hong Keeyong , Boudier-Revéret Mathieu , Yang Seoyon
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Upper crossed syndrome (UCS) is a common musculoskeletal condition that is characterized by tightness and weakness of the muscles of the neck, shoulders, and upper back. The aim of this current study is to summarize and provide an overview of the treatment in patients with UCS. Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane library, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science database search was conducted for English-language articles about upper crossed syndrome that were published until 19 January 2023. To identify potentially relevant articles, the following key search phrases were combined: “upper crossed syndrome”, “upper cross syndrome”, “diagnosis”, and “treatment”. A total of 233 articles were identified. After reading the titles and abstracts and assessing their eligibility based on the full-text articles, 11 articles were finally included in this review. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using RoB-2 and ROBINS-I for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the non-randomized clinical trial (non-RCT), respectively. Results: Among eleven studies that investigated the effect of treatment programs for UCS, five studies compared the therapeutic effect of exercise programs with controls, whereas six compared different rehabilitative treatment strategies, such as the muscle energy technique, soft-tissue mobilization, and stretching exercises. In addition, regarding the study design, ten studies were RCTs and only one study was a prospective observational study. Conclusions: Treatment programs including various types of exercises and techniques to correct an abnormal posture and restore neuromuscular imbalances are effective for decreasing pain and improving neck disabilities and postural deviations in patients with UCS.
Problems of Retailers in the Cut Flower Sector and a Proposal for the Sustainability of the Sector: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Kenanoğlu Zerrin
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to identify the problems faced by retailers operating in the cut flower sector and to propose solutions to problems related to the sustainability of the sector. The study material consisted of data obtained by conducting a survey among 56 cut flower retailers in İzmir. In the study, factor analysis was used to determine the main problems that cut flower retailers encounter in the industry. Factor scores obtained through the factor analysis were divided into three clusters using cluster analysis. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the retailers included in the first cluster had the problem of obstacles to sales, the retailers in the second cluster had the problem of competition and cost increases, and finally, the retailers in the third cluster had the problem of quality. In light of these data, suggestions are made about what should be achieved for the sustainability of the retail cut flower sector.
The Phosphoproteomic Response of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Seedlings to Selenium Stress
Authors: Wu Jiahua , Guo Shixian , Wang Jing , He Jiaojun , Li Xingfu , Zhan Yihua
Published: August 2023

Excessive selenium has gradually become a potential environmentally hazardous element for all organisms. Limited knowledge is available regarding the toxic mechanism of selenium in pepper, so the quantitative proteomics of phosphorylation was studied by Tandem Mass Tag approaches. A total of 4434 phosphorylation sites were identified on 2058 proteins, of which 3749 sites of 1919 proteins contained quantitative information. In the Se/mock (seedlings without Se treatment) comparison group, the number of upregulated phosphoproteins (658) was significantly higher than that of the downregulated ones (61). Systematic bioinformatics analysis, including protein annotation, functional classification, subcellular localization, and cluster analysis was performed. A total of 33 over-represented motifs were found in serine phosphorylation, and the most frequent motif was ‘sP’ (308 occurrences). According to KEGG enrichment analysis, the upregulated phosphorylated proteins (DPPs) were most strongly associated with the ’phenylpropanoid biosynthesis’ and ’nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism’ pathways, while those that were downregulated were associated with the ’ABC transporters’ and ‘plant hormone signal transduction’ pathways. Our data can provide new insights for evaluating the response mechanism of plants to selenium pollution and improving their resistance to selenium.
Insights into the Mechanism of Curaxin CBL0137 Epigenetic Activity: The Induction of DNA Demethylation and the Suppression of BET Family Proteins
Authors: Maksimova Varvara , Popova Valeriia , Prus Anzhelika , Lylova Evgeniya , Usalka Olga , Sagitova Guzel , Zhidkova Ekaterina , Makus Julia , Trapeznikova Ekaterina , Belitsky Gennady , Yakubovskaya Marianna , Kirsanov Kirill
Published: August 2023

The development of malignant tumors is caused by a complex combination of genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, the latter of which are induced by either external environmental factors or signaling disruption following genetic mutations. Some types of cancer demonstrate a significant increase in epigenetic enzymes, and targeting these epigenetic alterations represents a compelling strategy to reverse cell transcriptome to the normal state, improving chemotherapy response. Curaxin CBL0137 is a new potent anticancer drug that has been shown to activate epigenetically silenced genes. However, its detailed effects on the enzymes of the epigenetic system of transcription regulation have not been studied. Here, we report that CBL0137 inhibits the expression of DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a in HeLa TI cells, both at the level of mRNA and protein, and it decreases the level of integral DNA methylation in Ca Ski cells. For the first time, it is shown that CBL0137 decreases the level of BET family proteins, BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, the key participants in transcription elongation, followed by the corresponding gene expression enhancement. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CBL0137 does not affect the mechanisms of histone acetylation and methylation. The ability of CBL0137 to suppress DNMT3A and BET family proteins should be taken into consideration when combined chemotherapy is applied. Our data demonstrate the potential of CBL0137 to be used in the therapy of tumors with corresponding aberrant epigenetic profiles.
Three-Year Follow-Up after Intrauterine mTOR Inhibitor Administration for Fetus with TSC-Associated Rhabdomyoma
Authors: Maász Anita , Bodó Tímea , Till Ágnes , Molnár Gábor , Masszi György , Labossa Gusztáv , Herbert Zsuzsanna , Bene Judit , Hadzsiev Kinga
Published: August 2023

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem disorder characterized by seizures, neuropsychiatric disorders, and tumors of the heart, brain, skin, lungs, and kidneys. We present a three-year follow-up of a patient with TSC-associated rhabdomyoma detected in utero. Genetic examination of the fetus and the parents revealed a de novo variant in the TSC2 gene (c.3037delG, p.Asp1013IlefsTer3). Oral everolimus was initiated in the pregnant mother to regress the fetal tumor, which was successful. To the best of our knowledge, there is very little information regarding the use of everolimus therapy during pregnancy. West-syndrome was diagnosed when the proband was four months old. The symptoms were well-manageable, however temporarily. Therapy-resistant focal seizures were frequent. The patient had good vitals and was under regular cardiological control, showed a balanced circulation, and did not require any medication. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) identified by regular neuroimaging examinations remained unchanged, which may be a consequence of early intrauterine treatment. Early detection of the pathogenic TSC2 variant, followed by in utero administration of everolimus and early vigabatrin therapy, allowed the detection of a milder developmental delay of the proband. Our study emphasizes how early genetic testing and management of epilepsy are pivotal for proper neurodevelopmental impacts and therapeutic strategies.
Low Molecular Weight and High Deacetylation Degree Chitosan Batch Alleviates Pathogenesis, Toxin Accumulation, and Fusarium Gene Regulation in Barley Leaf Pathosystem
Authors: Poznanski Pawel , Hameed Amir , Dmochowska-Boguta Marta , Bryla Marcin , Orczyk Waclaw
Published: August 2023

Fusarium graminearum is a cosmopolitan fungal pathogen that destroys cereal production, in terms of loss of yield and grain contamination with mycotoxins, worldwide. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer abundant in the environment with proven antifungal properties that also acts as a plant immunity elicitor. Despite a number of articles, there is a lack of systematic comparison of antifungal activity of diverse batches of chitosan. The current study aimed to test the inhibitory effects of a collection of diverse chitosan samples on the growth and production of F. graminearum toxins, validated by changes in the Fusarium transcriptome. Experiments included testing antifungal activity of different chitosan samples, the application of the best performing one in vitro to investigate the impact on F. graminearum growth, followed by analyzing its effect on Fusarium toxins accumulation, and Fusarium transcriptomics in the barley leaf pathosystem. Confirmatory antifungal assays revealed that CS_10, a specific batch of chitosan, retarded Fusarium growth with an application concentration of 200 ppm, significantly reducing toxin synthesis and disease symptoms in Fusarium-inoculated barley leaves. RNA-Seq analysis of F. graminearum in barley leaf pathosystem exposed to CS_10 showed a list of differentially expressed genes involved in redox balance, cell respiration, nutrient transport, cell wall degradation enzymes, ergosterol biosynthesis, and trichothecenes production. The genes functioning in these essential pathways are discussed and assigned as critical checkpoints to control Fusarium infections. The results suggest some important molecular targets in F. graminearum that may be suitable in gene-specific targeting or transgene-free methods, such as spray-induced gene silencing during host-pathogen interactions.
OLR1 Is a Pan-Cancer Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Predictor Associated with EMT and Cuproptosis in HNSCC
Authors: Wu Lei , Liu Yuantong , Deng Weiwei , Wu Tianfu , Bu Linlin , Chen Lei
Published: August 2023

Metabolism plays a critical role in cancer. OLR1 has been implicated in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, while its association with tumorigenesis and tumor immunity remains poorly defined in the literature. We conducted comprehensive pan-cancer analyses based on the TCGA database to examine OLR1 expression and its prognostic implications. Correlations between OLR1 expression level and tumor immunity and immunotherapy were investigated by immune infiltration, enrichment, and TIDE analysis methods. Immunohistochemistry detected OLR1 expression in HNSCC. We used the GSEA method to explore the potential signaling pathways in which OLR1 is involved, and a correlation analysis to investigate the relationships between OLR1 and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cuproptosis. In addition, the effects of OLR1 knockdown on the EMT process, invasion, stemness, and cuproptosis of HNSCC cells were examined by scratch, Transwell, CCK8, sphere formation, and flow cytometry, while changes in related proteins were detected using the immunoblotting method. OLR1 is highly expressed in most cancers, and it is associated with patient prognosis. OLR1 expression positively correlates with immunosuppressive cell infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules, while being negatively associated with effector T cells. Moreover, significant correlations are observed between OLR1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in some cancers. In HNSCC, OLR1 expression is related to advanced clinicopathological factors and unfavorable outcomes. Patients with high OLR1 expression levels are prone to experience immune escape and benefit less from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Moreover, OLR1 expression may affect EMT, stemness, and cuproptosis resistance outcomes. OLR1 is an immune-related prognostic biomarker with potential as a prognostic indicator for immunotherapy, and it may also be involved in regulating the EMT process and cuproptosis in HNSCC.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Nanostructures for the Efficient Disposal of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Media
Authors: Abdelrahman Ehab A. , Algethami Faisal K. , AlSalem Huda S. , Binkadem Mona S. , Saad Fawaz A. , El-Sayyad Gharieb S. , Raza Nadeem , Rehman Khalil ur
Published: August 2023

An excessive accumulation of crystal violet dye in the human body results in an accelerated heart rate, tetraplegia, eye irritation, and long-term damage to the transparent mucous membrane that protects the eyeballs. Accordingly, in this paper, sodium manganese silicate/sodium manganese silicate hydroxide hydrate was easily fabricated as a novel type of nanostructures for the successful disposal of crystal violet dye from aqueous solutions. The formed sodium manganese silicate/sodium manganese silicate hydroxide hydrate nanostructures after the hydrothermal treatment of the gel produced from the interaction of Mn(II) ions with Si(IV) ions at 180 °C for 6, 12, 18, and 24 h were abbreviated as MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4, respectively. The XRD showed that the average crystallite size of the MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4 samples is 8.38, 7.43, 4.25, and 8.76 nm, respectively. The BET surface area of the MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4 samples is 41.58, 46.15, 58.25, and 39.69 m2/g, respectively. The MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4 samples consist of spherical and irregular shapes with average grain sizes of 157.22, 88.06, 43.75, and 107.08 nm, respectively. The best adsorption conditions of the crystal violet dye employing the MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4 products were achieved at pH = 8, contact time = 140 min, and solution temperature = 298 kelvin. The linear pseudo-2nd-order model as well as the linear Langmuir isotherm better describe the disposal of the crystal violet dye using the MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4 adsorbents. The studied thermodynamic parameters indicated that the disposal of the crystal violet dye employing the MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4 adsorbents is spontaneous, exothermic, and chemical. The maximum disposal capacities of the MS1, MS2, MS3, and MS4 adsorbents towards crystal violet dye are 342.47, 362.32, 411.52, and 310.56 mg/g, respectively.
Clinical and Therapeutic Implications of Male Obesity
Authors: Lenart-Lipińska Monika , Łuniewski Michał , Szydełko Joanna , Matyjaszek-Matuszek Beata
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of obesity, a disorder linked to numerous comorbidities and metabolic complications, has recently increased dramatically worldwide and is highly prevalent in men, even at a young age. Compared to female patients, men with obesity more frequently have delayed diagnosis, higher severity of obesity, increased mortality rate, and only a minority of obese male patients are successfully treated, including with bariatric surgery. The aim of this review was to present the current state of knowledge about the clinical and therapeutic implications of obesity diagnosed in males.
The Impact of a Twelve-Week Moderate Aerobic Exercise Program on Gastrointestinal Symptom Profile and Psychological Well-Being of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients: Preliminary Data from a Southern Italy Cohort
Authors: Riezzo Giuseppe , Prospero Laura , D’Attoma Benedetta , Ignazzi Antonia , Bianco Antonella , Franco Isabella , Curci Ritanna , Campanella Angelo , Bonfiglio Caterina , Osella Alberto Ruben , Russo Francesco
Published: August 2023

Walking is popular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise that improves mental and gastrointestinal (GI) health. It can relieve symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), e.g., intestinal gas, abdominal distension, and bowel disturbances. This study examined the impact of a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise program on the clinical and psychological parameters of IBS patients. In total, 40 IBS patients (11 males and 29 females; mean age 51.9 ± 7.8 years) participated in a 12-week aerobic exercise program. Participants completed questionnaires assessing GI symptoms, psychological profiles, and quality of life (QoL) before and after the intervention. Field tests, anthropometric measurements, and bioimpedance assessments were also conducted. The present findings confirmed a significant improvement in IBS symptoms after the aerobic exercise program. Bloating was the most common symptom and, together with abdominal pain, was significantly reduced after treatment. Psychological and QoL questionnaires indicated decreased anxiety, depression, somatization, and stress levels. Correlations were found between anxiety/depression and the severity of abdominal pain as well as between stress and the severity of abdominal distension. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise positively impacted GI symptoms and psychological well-being, complementing dietary and psychological support as a non-pharmacological therapy for the management of IBS. These findings emphasize the importance of alternative approaches for IBS treatment.
Foreign Body Reaction (Immune Response) for Artificial Implants Can Be Avoided: An Example of Polyurethane in Mice for 1 Week
Authors: Kondyurina Irina , Kondyurin Alexey
Published: August 2023

Despite great success with artificial implants for the human body, modern implants cannot solve major health problems. The reason is an immune reaction of organisms to artificial implants, known as the foreign body reaction. We have found a way to avoid or decrease the foreign body reaction. The surface of an artificial implant is modified with condensed aromatic structures containing free radicals, which provide a covalent attachment of host proteins in a native conformation. The total protein coverage prevents the direct contact of immune cells with the implant surface, and the immune cells are not activated. As a result, the immune response of the organism is not generated, and the artificial implant is not isolated from the tissue; there is no collagen capsule, low activity of macrophages, low cell proliferation, and low inflammatory activity.
Accuracy of Intra-Oral Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Buccal Bone Loss
Authors: Christiaens Véronique , Pauwels Ruben , Mowafey Bassant , Jacobs Reinhilde
Published: August 2023

Background: The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry started in the maxillofacial field, where it was used for complex and comprehensive treatment planning. Due to the use of reduced radiation dose compared to a computed tomography (CT) scan, CBCT has become a frequently used diagnostic tool in dental practice. However, published data on the accuracy of CBCT in the diagnosis of buccal bone level is lacking. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of intra-oral radiography (IOR) and CBCT in the diagnosis of the extent of buccal bone loss. Methods: A dry skull was used to create a buccal bone defect at the most coronal level of a first premolar; the defect was enlarged apically in steps of 1 mm. After each step, IOR and CBCT were taken. Based on the CBCT data, two observers jointly selected three axial slices at different levels of the buccal bone, as well as one transverse slice. Six dentists participated in the radiographic observations. First, all observers received the 10 intra-oral radiographs, and each observer was asked to rank the intra-oral radiographs on the extent of the buccal bone defect. Afterwards, the procedure was repeated with the CBCT scans based on a combination of axial and transverse information. For the second part of the study, each observer was asked to evaluate the axial and transverse CBCT slices on the presence or absence of a buccal bone defect. Results: The percentage of buccal bone defect progression rankings that were within 1 of the true rank was 32% for IOR and 42% for CBCT. On average, kappa values increased by 0.384 for CBCT compared to intra-oral radiography. The overall sensitivity and specificity of CBCT in the diagnosis of the presence or absence of a buccal bone defect was 0.89 and 0.85, respectively. The average area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC) was 0.892 for all observers. Conclusion: When CBCT images are available for justified indications, other than bone level assessment, such 3D images are more accurate and thus preferred to 2D images to assess periodontal buccal bone. For other clinical applications, intra-oral radiography remains the standard method for radiographic evaluation.
Temporal Prediction of Coastal Water Quality Based on Environmental Factors with Machine Learning
Authors: Lin Junan , Liu Qianqian , Song Yang , Liu Jiting , Yin Yixue , Hall Nathan S.
Published: August 2023

The accurate forecast of algal blooms can provide helpful information for water resource management. However, the complex relationship between environmental variables and blooms makes the forecast challenging. In this study, we build a pipeline incorporating four commonly used machine learning models, Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), Wavelet Analysis (WA)-Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and WA-Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), to predict chlorophyll-a in coastal waters. Two areas with distinct environmental features, the Neuse River Estuary, NC, USA—where machine learning models are applied for short-term algal bloom forecast at single stations for the first time—and the Scripps Pier, CA, USA, are selected. Applying the pipeline, we can easily switch from the NRE forecast to the Scripps Pier forecast with minimum model tuning. The pipeline successfully predicts the occurrence of algal blooms in both regions, with more robustness using WA-LSTM and WA-BPNN than SVR and RFR. The pipeline allows us to find the best results by trying different numbers of neuron hidden layers. The pipeline is easily adaptable to other coastal areas. Experience with the two study regions demonstrated that enrichment of the dataset by including dominant physical processes is necessary to improve chlorophyll prediction when applying it to other aquatic systems.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Methods for Hydraulic Piston Pumps: A Review
Authors: Zhu Yong , Wu Qingyi , Tang Shengnan , Khoo Boo Cheong , Chang Zhengxi
Published: August 2023

As the modern industry rapidly advances toward digitalization, networking, and intelligence, intelligent fault diagnosis technology has become a necessary measure to ensure the safe and stable operation of mechanical equipment and effectively avoid major disaster accidents and huge economic losses caused by mechanical equipment failure. As the “power heart” of hydraulic transmission systems, hydraulic piston pumps (HPPs) occupy an important position in aerospace, navigation, national defense, industry, and many other high-tech fields due to their high-rated pressure, compact structure, high efficiency, convenient flow regulation, and other advantages. Faults in HPPs can create serious hazards. In this paper, the research on fault recognition technology for HPPs is reviewed. Firstly, the existing fault diagnosis methods are described, and the typical fault types and mechanisms of HPPs are introduced. Then, the current research achievements regarding fault diagnosis in HPPs are summarized based on three aspects: the traditional intelligent fault diagnosis method, the modern intelligent fault diagnosis method, and the combined intelligent fault diagnosis method. Finally, the future development trend of fault identification methods for HPPs is discussed and summarized. This work provides a reference for developing intelligent, efficient, and accurate fault recognition methods for HPPs. Moreover, this review will help to increase the safety, stability, and reliability of HPPs and promote the implementation of hydraulic transmission technology in the era of intelligent operation and maintenance.