bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Expressing Biliary Tract Cancer (HERB; NCCH1805): A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial
Authors: Ohba Akihiro , Morizane Chigusa , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Komatsu Yoshito , Ueno Makoto , Kobayashi Satoshi , Ikeda Masafumi , Sasaki Mitsuhito , Furuse Junji , Okano Naohiro , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kuchiba Aya , Sadachi Ryo , Nakamura Kenichi , Matsui Naoko , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Okamoto Wataru , Yoshino Takayuki , Okusaka Takuji
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE

Treatment options for patients with unresectable or recurrent biliary tract cancer (BTC) who progress on a gemcitabine-containing regimen are limited. In addition, the significance of anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapy in HER2-expressing BTC has not been sufficiently investigated.

METHODS

In this phase II trial, participants from five institutions in Japan were enrolled. Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed unresectable or recurrent BTC with centrally confirmed HER2-positive (immunohistochemistry [IHC]3+ or IHC2+ and in situ hybridization [ISH]+) or HER2-low (IHC2+ and ISH–, IHC1+, and IHC0 and ISH+) and were refractory or intolerant to a gemcitabine-containing regimen. The patients received 5.4 mg/kg trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) once every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was the confirmed objective response rate (ORR) in HER2-positive BTC by an independent central review (threshold ORR, 15%; expected ORR, 40%).

RESULTS

A total of 32 patients were enrolled and treated. Among these patients, 22 with HER2-positive disease comprised the primary efficacy population and had a confirmed ORR of 36.4% (90% CI, 19.6 to 56.1; P = .01), meeting the primary end point. Eight with HER2-low disease comprised the exploratory population and had a confirmed ORR of 12.5%. The most common ≥grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were anemia (53.1%) and neutropenia (31.3%). Eight patients (25.0%) had interstitial lung disease (ILD), including two grade 5 events.

CONCLUSION

T-DXd showed promising activity in patients with HER2-positive BTC and a signal of efficacy in patients with HER2-low BTC. Although the safety profile was generally manageable, ILD requires careful monitoring and early intervention.
Addition of Metastasis-Directed Therapy to Systemic Therapy for Oligometastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (EXTEND): A Multicenter, Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: Ludmir Ethan B. , Sherry Alexander D. , Fellman Bryan M. , Liu Suyu , Bathala Tharakeswara , Haymaker Cara , Medina-Rosales Marina N. , Reuben Alexandre , Holliday Emma B. , Smith Grace L. , Noticewala Sonal S. , Nicholas Sarah , Price Tracy R. , Martin-Paulpeter Rachael M. , Perles Luis A. , Lee Sunyoung S. , Lee Michael S. , Smaglo Brandon G. , Huey Ryan W. , Willis Jason , Zhao Dan , Cohen Lorenzo , Taniguchi Cullen M. , Koay Eugene J. , Katz Matthew H.G. , Wolff Robert A. , Das Prajnan , Pant Shubham , Koong Albert C. , Tang Chad
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE

The EXTEND trial tested the hypothesis that adding comprehensive metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) to chemotherapy would improve progression-free survival (PFS) over chemotherapy alone among patients with oligometastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

METHODS

EXTEND (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT03599765
) is a multicenter, phase II basket trial randomly assigning patients with ≤five metastases 1:1 to MDT plus systemic therapy versus systemic therapy. Disease progression was defined by radiologic criteria (RECIST v1.1), clinical progression, or death. The primary end point was PFS in the per-protocol population, evaluated after all patients achieved at least 6 months of follow-up. Exploratory end points included systemic immune response measures.

RESULTS

Between March 19, 2019, and February 13, 2023, 41 patients were randomly assigned and 40 were eligible for the primary analysis of PFS (19 patients in the MDT arm; 21 patients in the control arm). At a median follow-up time of 17 months, the median PFS time was 10.3 months (95% CI, 4.6 to 14.0) in the MDT arm versus 2.5 months (95% CI, 1.7 to 5.1) in the control arm. PFS was significantly improved by the addition of MDT to systemic therapy (
P
= .030 for stratified log-rank test) with a hazard ratio of 0.43 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.94). No grade ≥3 or greater adverse events related to MDT were observed. Systemic immune activation events were associated with MDT and correlated with improved PFS.

CONCLUSION

This study supports the addition of MDT to systemic therapy for patients with oligometastatic PDAC. Induction of systemic immunity is a possible mechanism of benefit. These results warrant confirmatory trials to refine treatment strategy and provide external validation.
Re-Envisioning Electronic Health Records to Optimize Patient-Centered Cancer Care, Quality, Surveillance, and Research
Authors: Singh Aditi P. , Balogh Erin P. , Carlson Robert W. , Huizinga Mary Margaret , Malin Bradley A. , Melamed Alexander , Meropol Neal J. , Pisano Etta D. , Winn Robert A. , Yabroff K. Robin , Shulman Lawrence N.
Published: August 2024

Electronic health records (EHRs) are a significant advancement over paper records. However, the full potential of EHRs for improving care quality, patient outcomes, surveillance, and research in cancer care is yet to be realized. The organic evolution of EHRs has resulted in a number of unanticipated consequences including increased time spent by clinicians interfacing with the EHR for daily workflows. Patient access to clinicians and their records has been an important advancement in patient-centered care; however, this has brought to light additional gaps and challenges in EHRs meeting these needs. A significant challenge for EHR design and physician workflows is how best to meet the complex goals and priorities of various stakeholders including providers, researchers, patients, health systems, payors, and regulatory agencies. The National Cancer Policy Forum convened a 2022 workshop, “Innovations in Electronic Health Records for Oncology Care, Research and Surveillance,” to address these challenges and to facilitate collaboration across all user groups with the goal of re-envisioning EHRs that will better support shared goals of improving patient outcomes and advancing cancer care and research without overburdening clinicians with administrative tasks. Here, we summarize the current EHR ecosystem as discussed at the workshop and highlight opportunities to improve EHR contributions to oncology evidence and care.
SIADH as a Rare Complication of Foramen Magnum Stenosis in an Infant With Achondroplasia
Authors: Cebeci Ayse Nurcan , Hebert Steven , Reutter Heiko , Rompel Oliver , Woelfle Joachim
Published: August 2024

Achondroplasia is the most common skeletal dysplasia and is associated with serious complications such as foramen magnum stenosis (FMS). This case report describes an infant with achondroplasia who presented with a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), secondary to significant FMS and myelocompression. A 2-month-old boy with prenatally diagnosed achondroplasia was referred due to disordered breathing and altered consciousness. On admission, apathy, hypotonus, and hypothermia with typical features of achondroplasia were noticed. Laboratory investigations revealed severe hyponatremia and hypochloridaemia with normal glucose and urea levels. The diagnosis of SIADH was made based on low serum osmolality in the presence of high urine osmolality, along with an elevated copeptin level. An emergency computerized tomography showed a high-grade stenosis at the cranio-cervical junction; subsequent magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated myelocompression. The patient underwent decompression surgery the next day; serum osmolality increased after the operation. Spontaneous breathing after extubation was sufficient whereas tetraplegia persisted despite intensive physiotherapy. Clinicians should be aware of SIADH as a presenting sign of FMS in children with achondroplasia. Further discussion is warranted regarding improving parental education and timing of screening recommendations.
Introduction
Authors: McManus Anne-Marie , Reynolds Nancy Y.
Published: August 2024

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) today is an epicenter for the theorization of absence. Scholars, in efforts to counter the politics that have erased and continue to erase humans and places from the region, frequently assert the microdynamics of resistance, resilience, and memory. The editors of the special section, “Following Absence,” acknowledge the urgent need for narratives of overcoming destruction and for acts of care and repair. However, this introduction articulates a different intellectual labor—one that examines the ways absences linger and perdure across the MENA. Rather than restoring or recuperating modes of presence, the editors ask, in what ways might absence be told and accounted for? How might new plotlines widen the scope of what can be perceived as absence, its work in the world, and the forms of agency and injury it shapes? In dialogue with the environmental humanities, this thematic section approaches human lives in embodied proximities to the nonhuman. It also relinquishes the need for storytelling to begin from a moment when annihilating violence has ceased, as though erasure could be safely contained in the past. Repetitive and accumulating, recursive and anticipatory, absences inhabit the present and future. Acknowledging these branching, seeping plotlines, the editors urge against any unified theory of absence for, or from, the MENA. Absence is defined by negation, fragments, and residues. By refusing its systematization in scholarship, this introduction calls for modes of attention that refuse the logics of power and foreground instead the flourishing of ongoing life. It then previews the special section's themes and articles.
Vanishing Nubia
Authors: Reynolds Nancy Y.
Published: August 2024

As the Nasserist state built a large hydroelectric dam in the south of Egypt in the early 1960s, Egyptian botanists undertook salvage surveys of the area to be flooded behind the dam, known as historic Nubia. Scientists in these surveys searched for a type of palm tree (Medemia argun) well documented in ancient Egyptian tombs but unrecorded “in living condition” since the late eighteenth century. Gathering written and photographic accounts in memoirs, archives, and botanical tracts, this essay charts the documentary traces of the search for Medemia argun and the affective responses that surface along the margins of texts to show how debate over the potential absence or extinction of a “flagship” endogenous plant coincided with two important shifts in botanical knowledge production: transitions in botany as a discipline that employed new research methodologies and located Egypt “geobotanically” as the temporal and spatial origin for world flora; and transitions in botany as an arena of scientific expertise during postcolonial nationalism's reordering of the Egyptian academy. Building on extinction and destroyed landscape studies, this article explores ecological lexicons of absence and practices of “following” in botany.
“A Nonexistent Incapacity”
Authors: Gruskin Rebecca
Published: August 2024

In the 1920s and 1930s, the French colonial phosphate mining company in Gafsa, Tunisia, used X-ray images to decide which of its workers’ injuries were fake and which were real. Through an analysis of X-ray photography in Gafsa, this article argues that a capacious history of capitalism—one connecting wage labor exploitation with other human and nonhuman work—requires methods that do not prioritize what is visible. Rather than asking what X-ray images show diagnostically, this article charts how the creation of visibility and invisibility was a political act, a tactic of capital accumulation, and an arena of contestation. Company administrators and doctors used X-rays to draw biomedical and temporal boundaries around chronic injuries, making them “nonexistent”—and thus noncompensable—despite workers’ claims. This colonial-racial project both reified and remade the company's semantic categories for defining what an injury was. The company mobilized the material and epistemological properties of X-ray light on a photographic negative to erase chronic injury within dark or blurred spaces. The resulting category, a “nonexistent incapacity,” acknowledged both the presence of injury and its disappearance, constructing visibility and invisibility within capitalist relations of production and exploitation. Read this way, Gafsa's X-ray images ultimately outline a political economy of (in)visibility.
Jewish Spaces in Egypt as Sites of Memory
Authors: Hussein Mostafa
Published: August 2024

This article explores Jewish spaces in Cairo as repositories of memory and their role in shaping a collective understanding of the Jewish past among non-Jewish Egyptians. By examining these sites through the perspectives of engaged observers, it uncovers their multifaceted reflections of Jewish life and culture. Interactions with these sites reveal the intricate interplay of internal and external factors, such as the dynamics between Jews and Muslims, the reverberations of the Arab-Israeli conflict, and societal responses to Jewish culture. These sites evoke a sense of patriotism among Egyptian Jews and their fellow citizens, marked by the fusion of Arabic, Hebrew, Judaism, and Islam. Understanding this perspective necessitates considering the roles of various stakeholders, including the remaining Jewish community, state institutions, conservationists, and scholarly professionals. It also requires an examination of ongoing societal debates and official decisions regarding the preservation or demolition of Jewish sites. Diverse viewpoints emerge from these discussions, reflecting issues like anti-Semitism, anti-Israel sentiments, distrust of the Egyptian state, and prioritizing the preservation of inhabited spaces over abandoned ones. By shedding light on these contradictions within Egyptian public discourse, this article underscores the significance of acknowledging and celebrating Egyptian Jewish heritage, which continues to shape society today.
Akt is a mediator of artery specification during zebrafish development
Authors: Zhou Wenping , Ghersi Joey J. , Ristori Emma , Semanchik Nicole , Prendergast Andrew , Zhang Rong , Carneiro Paola , Baldissera Gabriel , Sessa William C. , Nicoli Stefania
Published: August 2024

The dorsal aorta (DA) is the first major blood vessel to develop in the embryonic cardiovascular system. Its formation is governed by a coordinated process involving the migration, specification, and arrangement of angioblasts into arterial and venous lineages, a process conserved across species. Although vascular endothelial growth factor a (VEGF-A) is known to drive DA specification and formation, the kinases involved in this process remain ambiguous. Thus, we investigated the role of protein kinase B (Akt) in zebrafish by generating a quadruple mutant (aktΔ/Δ), in which expression and activity of all Akt genes – akt1, -2, -3a and -3b – are strongly decreased. Live imaging of developing aktΔ/Δ DA uncovers early arteriovenous malformations. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of aktΔ/Δ endothelial cells corroborates the impairment of arterial, yet not venous, cell specification. Notably, endothelial specific expression of ligand-independent activation of Notch or constitutively active Akt1 were sufficient to re-establish normal arterial specification in aktΔ/Δ. The Akt loss-of-function mutant unveils that Akt kinase can act upstream of Notch in arterial endothelial cells, and is involved in proper embryonic artery specification. This sheds light on cardiovascular development, revealing a mechanism behind congenital malformations.
Historic obstacles and emerging opportunities in the field of developmental metabolism – lessons from Heidelberg
Authors: Garfinkel Alexandra M. , Ilker Efe , Miyazawa Hidenobu , Schmeisser Kathrin , Tennessen Jason M.
Published: August 2024

The field of developmental metabolism is experiencing a technological revolution that is opening entirely new fields of inquiry. Advances in metabolomics, small-molecule sensors, single-cell RNA sequencing and computational modeling present new opportunities for exploring cell-specific and tissue-specific metabolic networks, interorgan metabolic communication, and gene-by-metabolite interactions in time and space. Together, these advances not only present a means by which developmental biologists can tackle questions that have challenged the field for centuries, but also present young scientists with opportunities to define new areas of inquiry. These emerging frontiers of developmental metabolism were at the center of a highly interactive 2023 EMBO workshop ‘Developmental metabolism: flows of energy, matter, and information’. Here, we summarize key discussions from this forum, emphasizing modern developmental biology's challenges and opportunities.
Current State of Evidence-Based Long-Term Monitoring Protocols for Breast Plastic Surgery Patients
Authors: Ho Isabel W. , Chichura Anna , Pederson Holly J. , Xavier Brian A. , Ritner Julie , Schwarz Graham S.
Published: August 2024

Background

Recommendations for breast surveillance following breast plastic surgery are frequently changing. Establishing guidelines for long-term monitoring protocols may help identify treatable conditions and prevent untoward sequelae. We sought to evaluate the current state of evidence-based long-term monitoring protocols for patients following breast augmentation, reduction, and breast reconstruction.

Methods

Official guidelines from various American societies and international societies were analyzed for alignment in evidence-based recommendations regarding breast surveillance.

Results

The most recent US FDA update recommends magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound starting 5–6 years after surgery and every 2–3 years thereafter. Discrepancies exist among professional societies: the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) aligns with the FDA, while the American Society of Breast Surgeons and American College of Radiology (ACR) find no role for imaging for asymptomatic cases. Ultrasound is first-line for any implant concerns, with MRI if necessary. European societies oppose routine breast implant imaging. Breast reduction patients lack unique screening protocols; monitoring aligns with age and cancer risk factors. Following mastectomy and breast reconstruction, most organizations advocate for annual clinical examinations, with more frequent examinations initially. Evidence suggests that physical examination is sufficient to detect local cancer recurrence, with imaging only indicated if there is concern for recurrence. No surveillance imaging is recommended by the American Society of Clinical Oncology, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, or ASPS; however, ACR recommends mammography for autologous reconstruction only.

Conclusion

Multispecialty and regulatory body alignment may promote provider and patient adherence. Ongoing studies of long-term outcomes are needed to strengthen the level of evidence for monitoring guidelines.
Transgender Athlete Participation in Sport: Misplaced Fear and the Harms of Exclusion
Authors: Phillips Robert S. , Ryder Lee R. , Jackson Clark Ebony
Published: August 2024

As physical therapists and exercise professionals, we have an obligation to promote health and well-being through participation in sport and recreational/physical activity. We play an active role in facilitating and encouraging movement for a large percentage of the population, including our transgender patients/clients. It is integral that we include transgender individuals in supportive and inclusive atmospheres of play, and it is critical for us to lead the conversation around the inclusion of the transgender community in recreational activities and sport. This commentary provides evidence for the physical therapy community to support, advocate for, and include all populations as we promote healthy habits through sport.
Clinical study on the characteristics and related influencing factors of deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents
Authors: Ma Jiangtao , Zhao Yanli , Li Jing , Zhang Ying , Chen Jie
Published: August 2024

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents and its related influencing factors.
Method: This was a retrospective study. A total of 158 cases of deliberate drug ingestion as observation group and 160 cases of other diseases in adolescents as control group were treated in the Emergency Department of Baoding Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022. The clinical characteristics of adolescents who engaged in deliberate drug ingestion were analyzed, and various factors that could potentially influence deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents were subjected to both univariate and multivariate analysis.
Result: There was a progressive increase in the number of patients presenting with mental health issues year by year. Univariate analysis showed that family type, guardian’s education level, place of residence, whether they were only children, parents’ knowledge of medication, awareness of medication safety, depression/anxiety, negative life events, and social support were risk factors for deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents (all p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that family type, parents’ knowledge of medication, awareness of medication safety, whether they were depressed/anxious, negative life events, and social support were independent risk factors for deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The incidence of deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents is increasing year by year, and their behavior is influenced by multiple factors. Interventions should be targeted at controllable influencing factors to prevent or reduce deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.8828
How to cite this: Ma J, Zhao Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Chen J. Clinical study on the characteristics and related influencing factors of deliberate drug ingestion in adolescents. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.8828
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
All-cause mortality according to COVID-19 vaccination status: An analysis of the UK office for National statistics public data
Authors: Alessandria Marco , Malatesta Giovanni , Di Palmo Giovanni , Cosentino Marco , Donzelli Alberto
Published: August 2024

Background The mass vaccination campaign against COVID-19 has been commonly considered the best response to the global COVID-19 pandemic crisis. However, to assess its real-world overall effects, the best way can be the analysis of all-cause mortality by vaccination status. The UK is perhaps the only country which has made publicly available all-cause mortality data by vaccination status. Methods Data from April 2021 to May 2023 published by the UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) were retrospectively analyzed by age groups and vaccination status; the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for all-cause and non-COVID-19 mortality was calculated against the corresponding unvaccinated groups. Results We found that across all age groups, all-cause mortality SMRs increased from a certain date, dependent on the age group. Across all age groups, all-cause mortality SMRs were initially much lower than 1. However, due to their increase, by a certain date for the 18-39, 80-89 and 90+ age groups they exceeded the reference value. For the other age groups, the date at which the SMR would reach 1 can be predicted, provided the trend is maintained. Non-COVID-19 SMRs’ trends were very similar. Their initial values much lower than 1 are suggestive of significant biases in the ONS dataset, leading to underestimate the risks for the vaccinated people, as it is implausible that COVID-19 vaccines protect against non-COVID-19 deaths. Conclusions The increase over time in all-cause death SMRs in vaccinated people compared to unvaccinated, and their excess from the reference values for certain age groups, should be carefully considered to understand the underlying factors. It would be desirable for other major countries to systematically collect all-cause mortality by vaccination status and, in the meantime, a moratorium on promoting mass vaccination campaigns should be implemented.
Motivation to fulfill the norms of the GTO complex  and the physical preparedness of high school students
Authors: Piterkina M.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of the article was to identify the main motives that encourage schoolchildren to surrender the GTO standards.
The completion of the degree of physical training, according to test exercises, using the GTO standards, as well as the survey of schoolchildren of grades 10-11 (16-17 years), presented the opportunity to indicate the general attitude to the GTO complex and its application in physical culture classes.
Due to the studies, the level of physical fitness of schoolchildren of grades 10-11 was indicated and the degree of their readiness to fulfill the standards of the GTO complex was determined.
The need for the development of the methodology of physical fitness of schoolchildren for the surrender of the standards of the GTO complex was revealed.
During the analysis, according to the experiment, it was found that with the use of the developed complex, indicators of physical fitness have improved compared to the traditional methodology, which will motivate schoolchildren to systematic visits to physical education classes.
DENTAL EDUCATION IN THE ARCTIC COUNTRIES
Authors: Kalinina Yuliya
Published: August 2024

The structures of dental education in near-Arctic countries and regions at all levels are considered and the place of the pedagogical component is increased in them. It was noted that the actively functioning structures of additional vocational education (DPO) in 8 countries of the Arctic Council (Denmark, Iceland, Canada, Norway, the Russian Federation, the USA, Finland, Sweden) determine the dynamics of the assimilation by practicing dentists and maxillofacial surgeons of the use of the latest high-tech technologies, and in recent decades also a complex of humanities, primarily psychology and sociology. This increases the role of the pedagogical component in the system of their professional training of dentists and maxillofacial surgeons; the experience of organizing training processes in this direction is also in demand by the structures of domestic dental education. Its parameters are characterized taking into account the specifics of the Arctic zone, including ensuring the health of teeth and oral cavity of representatives of small indigenous peoples; problems of staffing of dentists and maxillofacial surgeons and improvement of their qualification level are analyzed. Due to the coordination of educational and research activities, the postgraduate education system is characterized by the transfer of the latest skills and techniques in dental education.
Transforming education: key strategies for successful elementary school teacher training
Authors: Kurbakov Ivan
Published: August 2024

Currently, the modern challenges and requirements facing the educational system, especially in the context of primary education, are of significant importance in the preparation of a modern primary school teacher. The task of primary school teachers training is of primary concern in the context of these changes. The transformation of education requires a new approach to the professional training of teachers that will meet modern requirements and expectations. One of the key factors influencing the quality of education is primary school teachers training. The study addresses the question of the key strategies needed to successfully prepare primary school teachers in today's educational environment. The research examines such key strategies as using innovative teaching methods, developing competencies in differentiated instruction, and addressing diverse student needs. Emphasis is placed on the importance of teacher professional development, the implementation of the latest educational technologies, and the creation of a supportive learning environment for teachers and students. The role of innovative methods in teacher training is emphasized and attention is focused on the importance of effective learning and development of children at the primary stage of education.
Formation of an ethnocultural model  of the development of domestic preschool education
Authors: Dzanayty Z.
Published: August 2024

The paper considers the issue of strengthening the ethno-cultural component in the educational and educational process in the system of preschool educational institutions. Based on the generalization and systematization of scientific data, proposals for the formation of an optimal model of ethno-cultural education are formulated.
Implementation of professor S.P. Baranov's idea  in the formation of the aesthetic attitude of younger schoolchildren to the world
Authors: Ovchinnikova A.
Published: August 2024

The article from the gnoseological point of view substantiates the idea of the ratio of model and original in the cognitive activity of students; which finds its refraction in the basis of the principles of learning and is implemented in three groups of methods: studying models, studying the original, communication of models with the original; generalizes the empirical material of students' research activities. The article is intended for teachers and students of high school, educational workers.
Public-Private Partnership as a Mechanism of Support of Projects with R&D Component in the Sphere of Industry
Authors: Logvinov Semen , Panina Zh.
Published: August 2024

The paper is devoted to the study of applicability of PPP mechanisms for industrial projects with R&D component. The author notes the increased importance of the realization of such projects in order to ensure technological sovereignty in the Russian Federation. The paper considers the concept of PPP, as well as its advantages for the parties. The legal basis of publicprivate partnership is considered, and the federal law, within the framework of which it is possible to realize industrial projects on the basis of PPP, is defined. The legislative barriers available for the realization of industrial projects with R&D component are studied, and the scheme of financing such projects on the basis of PPP in case of their elimination is proposed.
La consolidación de los seres media
Authors: Renó Denis , Levinson Paul , Dominici Piero
Published: August 2024

Editorial: Volumen 17, Número 2 (julio-diciembre, 2024)
Reflections on the aftermath of the Whittingham Hospital inquiry
Authors: Nolan Peter
Published: August 2024

Peter Nolan details the history of Whittingham Hospital and provides a personal account of concerns expressed by staff and students following the first public inquiry into the psychiatric hospital.
Assessing social capital in community forest management in Kalibawang Sub-district, Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: HERDANANTA BISMA YOGA , IBRIZA NAILA MAULIDA , WARDHA’ADLINA WIAN AYU , SULTON MUHAMMAD NUR , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO , BUDIHARTA SUGENG , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Herdananta BY, Ibriza NM, Wardha’adlina WA, Sulton MN, Sugiyarto, Budiharta S, Setyawan AD. 2024. Assessing social capital in community forest management in Kalibawang Sub-district, Wonosobo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Asian J Ethnobiol 7: 50-60. Community-based Forest Management (CFM) offers more effective protection of forest resources with a decentralized approach to ownership and management, as well as the establishment of autonomous local institutions that provide adequate incentives for the parties involved. The community manages natural resources through mutual use agreements, which lead to the concept of social capital as a solution to overcome collective problems. The study aims to evaluate the state of social capital in community forest management in Kalibawang Sub-district, Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia and identify the determinants that influence it as recommendations for improvement to policymakers. Data collection was conducted in March 2024 with research methods included interviews, surveys with questionnaires based on The Social Capital Assessment Tool (SCAT) and the Social Capital Integrated Questionnaire (SC-IQ) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) discussions with local communities. The results showed that social capital in the studied area was significantly influenced by various variables, such as the role of forest farmer groups, access to information, community knowledge, non-formal education, and forestry extension activities. Consequently, the average level of social capital is obtained at 36.91 with a moderate category. Additionally, the analysis of concern community reveals a high classification, with an average score of 8.39. Increased social capital can be reflected in a higher density and diversity of social ties, as well as greater access to resources and stronger trust among group members. The recommendations of this study emphasize the importance of government in encouraging community participation in CFM management, reducing mistrust and conflict with government agencies, and strengthening social capital essential for sustainable forest management.
Population structure and risk assessment of invasive species Asystasia gangetica in urban area of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: ROSLEINE DIAN , KHALISHAH ANGGI RIQQA
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Rosleine D, Khalishah AR. 2024. Population structure and risk assessment of invasive species Asystasia gangetica in urban area of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2374-2381. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson is a weed from Africa that has a high adaptation to wide ecological conditions. This research aims to assess the population structure of A. gangetica in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia and to conduct risk assessment to determine management decisions. This research was conducted from January to February 2023 by establishing a total of 106 plots with size of 1 m2 to measure the population structure at adult and juvenile stages, and number of fruits. Plot sized 0.4 m2 was used to count the seed in a 10 cm soil depth. A risk assessment was conducted, which consisted of 12 questions of risk analysis (invasiveness, impact, and potential distribution) and 20 questions of management feasibility (control cost, distribution, and persistence). The results of principal component analysis and clustering analysis show three groups based on population structure (PC1 49.12% and PC2 28.44%). The first cluster consists of three sub-districts and shows a set of early colonized populations indicated by low juvenile stage, while the second cluster (14 sub-districts) and third cluster (13 sub-districts) show more established population yet still recently colonized, which is indicated with medium-high juvenile and reproductive (fruit) stage. The risk assessment results in 91.2 of the risk analysis score (medium) and 169.7 of the management feasibility score (negligible), implying the need to manage the site. Nevertheless, its wide-range of habitat tolerant and population characteristics potentially threaten biodiversity and harm the agricultural sector at once. Therefore, early countermeasure is needed as an effort to minimize greater risks in the future.
Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of Parkia timoriana bark extracts
Authors: SARIWATI ATMIRA , SURYANTI VENTY , SARI FITA , KAMEI ICHIRO , TRISNAWATI ELYNA WAHYU
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Sariwati A, Suryanti V, Sari F, Kamei I, Trisnawati EW. 2024. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities of Parkia timoriana bark extracts. Biodiversitas 25: 2427-2433. Plants have various bioactive compounds that have pharmacological activity. Kedawung (Parkia timoriana (DC) Merr) is an indigenous plant in Indonesia that contains bioactive compounds. The leaves, bark, seeds, and roots of P. timoriana are commonly used in traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition of P. timoriana bark extract and to assess its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activity. The bark of P. timoriana was extracted with various solvents that differ in polarity, such as water, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. All extracts were investigated for antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH) free-radical and 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) (ABTS) scavenging ability. The in-vitro antidiabetic activity was carried out by ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase inhibition. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were determined by the agar disc diffusion method. Parkia timoriana bark extracts contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, reducing sugars, and cardiac glycosides. The ethyl acetate extract possessed the highest total phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannic acid, and terpenoids. Secondary metabolites in all extracts contributed to free radical scavenging, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. The P. timoriana bark contains natural chemical compounds that might be useful as therapeutic agents for producing bioactive products and pharmaceuticals in the future.
Variability of agromorphological traits in Portulaca grandiflora through induced mutation using colchicine
Authors: AISYAH SYARIFAH IIS , MEININGRUM NUR IZZAH , YUDHA YOSHUA SHANDY , NURCHOLIS WARAS
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Aisyah SI, Meiningrum NI, Yudha YS, Nurcholis W. 2024. Variability of agromorphological traits in Portulaca grandiflora through induced mutation using colchicine. Biodiversitas 25: 2484-2493. Portulaca grandiflora Hook is an ornamental plant originating from the Portulacaceae family, and it has been extensively cultivated on various continents. P. grandiflora displays appealing flower shapes and vibrant colors suitable for growth in a tropical landscape. Increased morphological diversity carries significant importance in the aesthetic function of ornamental plants. The higher the variation in the morphological characteristics of ornamental plants, the greater the market value of these plants due to their enhanced aesthetic appeal. Additionally, colchicine, a polyploidy-inducing agent, can enhance the plant genetic diversity. This study aims to investigate the impact of colchicine application on the morphological characters of P. grandiflora. The experiment was conducted for four months at the Leuwikopo Experimental Field, IPB, with two factors of Completely Randomized Block Design: The colchicine treatment comprises five concentration levels (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2), with four test genotypes: Orange, Peach, Bicolor, and Banana. A significant reduction in growth was observed in the Bicolor genotype, followed by the Banana genotype, indicating varying tissue sensitivities to colchicine treatment. The study reveals variations in morphological responses for each concentration treatment and genotype used. Statistical results confirm aspects: (i) each genotype displays different performance, (ii) the combined treatment of colchicine significantly influences the growth and development of quantitative traits, and (iii) The interaction (colchicine x genotype) was statistically significant for all quantitative characters of P. grandiflora except stem diameter. Qualitative traits, such as morphological changes in stem color, leaf color, and shape, were observed. Three correlation values are positive and statistically significant: plant length and leaf width, number of branches on shoots and leaves, and number of branches on shoots and flowers. Putative mutants of P. grandiflora exhibiting new traits require in-depth exploration in subsequent generations.
Phytochemical and proximate compositions of frond extracts of Nephrolepis biserrata, Phymatosorus scolopendria, and Microgramma mauritiana in Rivers State University, Nigeria
Authors: IBIYE ASIKIYE , GREEN BLESSING O. , AJURU MERCY G. , CHIKERE LAURETTA C.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Ibiye A, Green BO, Ajuru MG, Chikere LC. 2024. Phytochemical and proximate compositions of frond extracts of Nephrolepis biserrata, Phymatosorus scolopendria, and Microgramma mauritiana in Rivers State University, Nigeria. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 22: 1-7. Pteridophytes have a great range of forms and are cosmopolitan in distribution. There are about 13,500 species of fern and allies distributed throughout the world. This research was carried out to investigate the phytochemical and proximate compositions of three species of ferns growing at Rivers State University, Nigeria. The three fern species were Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Desv., Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.fil.) Pic.Serm., and Microgramma mauritiana (Willd.) Tardieu. The phytochemical and proximate composition analyses were done using standard procedures. Results from the phytochemical analysis showed that glycoside was the highest content in the three ferns, that is, P. scolopendria (17.24%), N. biserrata (14.47%), M. mauritiana (12.8%), followed by alkaloid in M. mauritiana (7.18%), N. biserrata (6.10%), P. scolopendria (4.42%). Phenol content in M. mauritiana, P. scolopendria, and N. biserrata were 4.09%, 2.17%, and 1.33%, respectively. Flavonoid content in N. biserrata, P. scolopendria, and M. mauritiana were 3.16%, 2.87%, and 2.43%, respectively. Saponin content in P. scolopendria, M. mauritiana, and N. biserrata were 1.65%, 1.35%, and 1.29%, respectively. Tannins content in P. scolopendria, M. mauritiana, and N. biserrata were 2.54%, 1.91%, and 0.98%, respectively. Results from proximate analysis showed that the highest moisture content was in M. mauritiana (53.39%), followed by P. scolopendria (50.78%) and N. biserrata (44.58%). The lowest content in the frond extracts was ash, with the values of M. mauritiana (0.84%), N. biserrata (0.83%), and P. scolopendria (0.73%). The results of the phytochemical and proximate evaluation of the species studied indicated that they are nutritionally and medicinally important, and their consumption can provide essential nutrients humans need.
“Daquela Marca Lá”: a influência da dêixis no encapsulamento anafórico
Authors: Schmitt Briane , Toldo Claudia
Published: August 2024

Esta pesquisa tem como tema o processo de referenciação e os sentidos que dele podem ser apreendidos, especificamente em relação às referências utilizadas no universo das redes sociais, considerando a necessidade de ocultar determinado léxico por conta das regras de privacidade recorrentes em tal contexto. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a influência do pronome demonstrativo e do dêitico no sentido produzido pelo encapsulamento anafórico quando da resposta no Twitter da famosa marca de cosméticos Avon ao comentário dos administradores da influenciadora Jade Picon. O estudo tem como pressupostos teóricos as considerações de Conte (2003) acerca da noção de encapsulamento anafórico, bem como os estudos de Cavalcante (2005) em relação às noções de anáfora e dêixis, tomando como referência os estudos da Linguística Textual. O corpus de pesquisa é composto pelo texto veiculado na interação via Twitter a partir de uma publicação e dois comentários: a publicação de uma seguidora do Twitter de Jade Picon; o comentário dos administradores da página da influenciadora; a resposta da Avon para essa interação. Essa reflexão é produto de uma pesquisa de tipo exploratória, bibliográfica e sua análise é qualitativa. A constatação deste trabalho é a de que a escolha pelo pronome demonstrativo e pelo dêitico no uso do encapsulamento anafórico potencializa o sentido do núcleo do sintagma, conferindo um tom pejorativo e avaliativo ao encapsulamento como um todo.
Orações relativas na língua portuguesa dos séculos XVII e XVIII: uma descrição da ordem
Authors: Araújo Edivalda , Gonçalves Clézio
Published: August 2024

O trabalho de Ribeiro (1993) traz uma nova perspectiva de análise em relação ao português arcaico ao considerar a possibilidade de uma ordem V2 em línguas românicas, principalmente nos períodos pretéritos. Seguindo, inicialmente, essa proposta, tem-se a pretensão neste trabalho de descrever a ordem das orações relativas em dados da língua portuguesa dos séculos XVII e XVIII de modo a identificar a posição do verbo e os elementos sintáticos em seu entorno. Outros estudos foram considerados de valioso suporte para a descrição dessa ordem, como o de Galves e Paixão de Sousa (2017) e o de Antonelli (2020). Os dados analisados confirmam uma tendência V1 nas orações relativas, mesmo em construções em que o pronome relativo não é o sujeito. Além disso, observa-se, nesse contexto, uma mudança na preferência da ordem em relação ao sujeito: de anteposto no século XVII para posposto no século XVIII.
Elementos para uma análise grafemática de tempos pretéritos: uma experiência metodológica aplicada a um manuscrito oitocentista
Authors: Silva Adilson
Published: August 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma experiência metodológica, pautada no estudo grafemático da representação dos fonemas /z/, /s/ e /ʃ/,   a partir da edição semidiplomática do Livro de Razão do Campo Seco, manuscrito produzido entre 1794 e 1838, por três pessoas da família Pinheiro Canguçu (Antônio Pinheiro Pinto, Inocêncio José Pinheiro Pinto e Miguel Joaquim de Castro Mirante[1]) em Bom Jesus dos Meiras, atual cidade de Brumado. Para tanto, caracterizamos , brevemente, o manuscrito, definindo-o, destacando o suporte material  e o perfil dos principais scriptores - Antônio Pinheiro Pinto, Inocêncio José Pinheiro Pinto. Em seguida, demostramos como o conhecimento da história da ortografia portuguesa e o conjunto de evidências metalinguísticas da época do documento, além da identificação do grau de escolarização dos scriptores, são fatores essenciais para a análise grafemática de tempos pretéritos. Os resultados obtidos revelam que os scriptores do Campo Seco espelham no Livro de Razão uma produção gráfica semelhante ao que circulava nos jornais, dicionários e cartas de letrados ilustres consultados. Os dados reforçam a hipótese de ortografia pendular defendida por  Barbosa (1999) e descontroem a ideia de que os senhores o Campo Seco tinham pouca escolarização, já que possuíam pouco conhecimento linguístico, conforme Santos Filho (2012).