bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF EVALUATION OF ACCURACY OF GEODESIC GPS MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Voronkov O. , Nesterenko S. , Kasyanov V.
Published: August 2022

It is known that the results of satellite measurements, which are obtained by the differential method, are usually dependent values and are characterized by the presence of a physical correlation with a close linear relationship. A model of errors of differential measurements is constructed, in which in order to separate the influence of interference on the signal coming to the satellite receiver, two components are identified, one of which is caused by interference from the main sources of error, are tropospheric and ionospheric refraction of navigation signals. individual measurement, in particular additional noise and multipath of satellite observation signals. The influence of the ratio of these components in the structure of measurement errors on the value of the correlation coefficient of signals received by satellite receivers operating in the differential mode is studied. According to the experience of satellite measurements, the share of the first component in the error of two synchronous measurements is more than 97 % of the total measurement error in the absence of additional external interference and multipath, and the correlation coefficient in practice is usually more than 0.999. This is confirmed by the fact that a pair of synchronous measurements are the result of measuring the same quantities, so their dependence is almost functional, it becomes probabilistic due to the influence of additional interference and multipath, which corresponds to the second component. Obviously, the effect of additional interference on the satellite signal path reduces the share of the first component in the measurement error. At the same time there is a decrease in the correlation coefficient. Analysis of the obtained data shows that in particular in the interval where the effect of additional interference, in particular the second component, does not exceed 25%, at 25% exposure the correlation coefficient takes 0.9, at 10% exposure it is 0.99, 3% exposure corresponds to a correlation coefficient of 0.9968. Therefore, the correlation coefficient is very sensitive to the influence of additional interference and multipath in the path of the radio signal, which is expressed by the second component in the error structure. This makes it possible to characterize each series of differential measurements by the presence or absence of multipath and justifies the use of reducing the correlation coefficient when performing coordinate determinations to indicate the presence of multipath on the useful signal of satellites.
SOFTWARE ANALYSIS IN THE FIELD OF GEODESY
Authors: Hunko I.
Published: August 2022

In connection with the development of modern geodetic technologies, there is a need to quickly and efficiently perform automated processing of source data. Today, the market for surveying software is diverse and is divided into common products and specialized software packages.
Geodetic works are not possible without the use of geographic information technologies and software. Therefore, the purpose of this article is a detailed analysis of the software packages used in Ukraine, as well as an analysis of their capabilities, accessibility, clarity and additional functions in the field of geodesy.
Geodetic works belong to the tasks of geoinformation analysis, and with the help of modern electronic geodetic equipment increases the accuracy of work, the processing of which is carried out by computer-aided design (CAD).
After analyzing the functionality of software products, we can conclude that most of them are not fully functioning automated products of full-scale systems. An important factor when choosing a software package is the ability to use for free or the low cost of a license to use. But, in addition to cost, when choosing a product, considerable attention is paid to the complexity of implementation and operation of such CAD. Among the most famous representatives that have proven themselves in Ukraine, we can highlight such packages as CREDO III, Digitals, and software packages created on the CAD platform. In general, such programs are set up by companies that have direct links with Western firms to facilitate data resolution. Other products can only be used to solve specific tasks of a narrower direction.
When choosing a software, it is important that the program meets the objectives and processes all types of topographic and geodetic works. The application and implementation of new software packages in the field of geodesy provides greater accuracy and quality of topographic and geodetic works.
When choosing software, many Ukrainian business leaders, as experience shows, focus on CREDO III, Digitals and CAD software packages to be able to work in a single information space at different stages of project development.
MODEL OF RESTORATION OF MONUMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING USING GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Svynarenko Y. , Korotkov V. , Kobzan S. , Pomortseva O.
Published: August 2022

The article considers the current problem of preservation and development of the historical appearance of cities after the end of hostilities. Due to non-compliance with certain limits of modernization of building design (especially historical monuments), the city may lose its historic center, or its architectural ensemble may become unattractive to citizens and tourists.
The aim of the article is to study the historical experience of rebuilding war-torn buildings and architectural ensembles and to develop an algorithm for the restoration of architectural and urban monuments with the necessary infrastructure.
The authors of this study solve the following tasks: grouping the world experience of reconstruction of historical centers and neighborhoods of war-torn cities in four ways. Due to the fact that the task is quite extensive, it was divided into logical semantic blocks-stages and described in detail each of them.
Methods that will help solve this problem – to attract as many Ukrainian specialists as possible. Creating a spatial database that should systematize information from the pre-war appearance of the city and help specialists in geographic information systems and specialists in other fields in solving this complex problem. The need for a comprehensive assessment of damage and destruction was emphasized. An approximate material assessment of losses and development of a plan of further recovery measures is required for each individual structure. And only after the previous work it will be possible to perform a mass laser scan. Laser scanning data will be the basis for further three-dimensional modeling of buildings to be restored. After completing this series of actions, it will be possible to create projects for the modernization of renovated buildings and involve students and teachers in the implementation of architectural and construction schools in the city. The methods used in the article are geoinformation three-dimensional modeling of architectural structures using laser scanning.
As a result of the study, the authors proposed a five-step algorithm that can prevent post-war chaos in recreating the original appearance of cities and rationally distribute tasks among implementing organizations, monitor their work and reproduce the appearance of the city as accurately as possible. The expediency of involving representatives of the postmodern school in the restoration of the original historical appearance of cities was also questioned.
DYNAMIC PARAMETER VALUE OF THE GAS GENERATOR WATER SAVING SYSTEMS
Authors: Abramov Y. , Kryvtsova V. , Mikhailyuk A.
Published: August 2022

The method for determining the dynamic parameter of the main element of the water saving system and the supply of water, the gas generator, has been developed. Expanding the method of orienting to the selection in the algorithm for controlling the technical station of the gas generator, the system for saving and supplying water, which is in its own place, is the storage system for fire prevention. The method is based on a mathematical description of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the gas generator of the system for saving and supplying water, in which, in an obvious way, there is a functional fallacy of the dynamic parameter of such a gas generator. In the capacity of the primary information of one hundred hundred hourly power of the gas generator of the system for saving and supplying water, there is information of one hundred and fifty hourly characteristics - a transitional function. An experimental way is used to form an array of data, which is designed to encourage a mathematical description of the frequency response of the gas generator of the system for saving and supplying water, which is realized by a numerical way. The grounding of the mathematical description of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the gas generator of the system for saving and supplying water is based on the least squares method. In this case, a mathematical description of the frequency response of the gas generator of the system for saving water supply in the standard form is obtained. The method of determining the dynamic parameter of the gas generator of the water supply saving system includes the sequence of mutual procedures and orientations to the graphical method of developing transcendental alignment, which will be based on the least squares method. To confirm the reliability of the obtained results, a test task is verified.
METHODOLOGY OF REDUCING THE LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING OF UKRAINE
Authors: Serikov Ya.
Published: August 2022

Statistics from the International Labor Organization show that at this time the level of both occupational and domestic injuries is equivalent to an epidemic. At the same time, studies by the World Health Organization show that today the death rate from accidents ranks third after deaths from cardiovascular disease and cancer. It is important to note that this situation is typical of both developing and economically developed countries. It is obvious that such a situation leads to both significant social losses and significant economic losses. In our country the level of industrial injuries and electric injuries at electric power enterprises is especially high. At the same time, in recent years the level of occupational injuries in the electricity sector of Ukraine has increased and is characterized by an increase in the number of fatal injuries. Based on this, the development of a methodology to reduce the level of this indicator of production activity of enterprises is an urgent task. The main causes of mortality of men of working age in Ukraine are: - industrial accidents; - industrial poisoning; - industrial injuries. Such cases account for about 30… 35% of all deaths under the age of 40. The study revealed the features of the work performed at the enterprises of the industry, which differ in the organization of the workplace and a significant number of high-risk work. Further analysis of reports on labor protection, acts of investigation of accidents at enterprises revealed a number of frequent specific cases of violation of important provisions of legislation, regulations on labor protection, labor protection and electrical safety. The results of researches of the reasons of injuries in industrial conditions in the field of electric power are systematized. This made it possible to identify the main directions for improving the state of labor protection. Structural and systematic implementation of the identified areas is the basis of the developed methodology for improving the state of occupational injuries at electric power companies of Ukraine.
An overview of studies on sex pheromones of insect vectors of pathogenic trypanosomatids of medical and veterinary importance
Authors: Lopes Rosane Lima , Gomes Suzete Araujo Oliveira , Spiegel Carolina Nascimento
Published: August 2022

Insect vectors of Leishmaniases, Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis remain human health, veterinary and economic problems worldwide. Several sex pheromones molecules that contribute to mating behavior have been identified in these vectors. These chemical signals are potential alternatives to traditional chemical insecticides. This review discusses the diversity of sex pheromone molecules and their role in the mating behavior of insect vectors of Leishmaniases, Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis. The selection of studies was made based on research and review articles that presented sex pheromone aspects regarding insect vectors. In some species, these molecules have a dual function as serving as sex and aggregation pheromone. We also highlight the current knowledge of these substances as potential vector control tools. The studies revealed that sex pheromones applicability is largely experimental and restricted to some vectors. Based on these limitations, we included updated tables with the chemical identity of several sex pheromone compounds and other relevant information concerning the target species, which can contribute to future studies of control methodologies.
OPTIMIZATION OF DETERMINING MAINTENANCE INTERVALS WITH THE MARKOV CHAIN METHOD TO MINIMIZE MAINTENANCE COSTS IN PT. BBI
Authors: Arifin Dwi Qomariah , Aryanny Enny
Published: August 2022

PT BBI is a company engaged in producing machinery, industrial equipment, and foundry. PT BBI has overgrown as a company that focuses on manufacturing and delivering products such as oil and gas/refinery/petrochemical industries, power plans, iron castings, precision machinery centers, etc. PT BBI uses various kinds of machines to support its production process. Some devices have often experienced damage and caused downtime in recent years, namely radial drilling machines and overhead cranes. In addition, machine damage also causes cost overruns due to damage that can harm the company. Engine damage caused is due to the company's poor maintenance policy. Judging from these problems, planning a maintenance system with a suitable method will help the machines and production equipment owned by PT. BBI is protected from damage that occurs periodically. The Markov Chain method was chosen because it has advantages over other maintenance methods because it produces more optimal maintenance costs with a regular maintenance scheduling system. The processing results obtained a total savings of 33% by applying the Markov Chain proposed maintenance method with maintenance intervals every 5 months for radial drilling machines and once every 3 months for 10T overhead cranes
Spatiotemporal characterization of meteorological drought: a global approach using the Drought Exceedance Probability Index (DEPI)
Authors: Limones N , Vargas Molina J , Paneque P
Published: August 2022

We present a global spatiotemporal characterization of meteorological droughts using historical precipitation data through the Drought Exceedance Probability Index (DEPI). The relationship between meteorological drought characteristics and monthly precipitation is explored at a global level. This study contributes to our understanding of the drought features observed in different areas of the planet, which can help predict the behavior of future droughts. The DEPI was applied to the Climate Research Unit global gridded high-resolution rainfall data set covering the period 1901-2019. Monthly drought index series were examined to extract the number of droughts experienced in each pixel (0.50° × 0.50°) of the globe, as well as their durations, intensities and severities. Results show agreement with other global drought characterization efforts, revealing areas with a greater drought occurrence. This paper demonstrates that regions with less seasonality and less intra- and inter-annual rainfall variability report fewer drought episodes. Duration and severity of droughts are also related to these rainfall features. The last part of the study describes the temporal distribution of droughts throughout the world. We conclude that regions with many events show stable, even distributions over time, but many pixels in the intertropical regions, the Middle East and smaller patches in Mongolia, China, Siberia and Canada currently show higher-intensity and longer-duration drought events than at the beginning of the twentieth century, while the opposite occurs in parts of Scandinavia, Russia, Argentina and Tanzania. The analysis demonstrates that DEPI is easy to use, is applicable to different climates and is effective in detecting the onset, end and intensity of droughts.
STOCK PRICE PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Shet Amrata , S Ashika , Hanumanth Naik Dhanya , Shetty Sameeksha ,   Canara Engineering college, K Ranganatha ,   Canara Engineering college
Published: August 2022

predicting stock market is one of the challenging tasks in the field of computation. Physical vs. physiological elements, rational vs. illogical conduct, investor emotions, market rumors, and other factors all play a role in the prediction. All of these factors combine to make stock values very fluctuating and difficult to forecast accurately. We look towards data analysis as a potential game-changer in this field. When all information about a company and stock market events is promptly available to all stakeholders/market participants, according to efficient market theory, the impacts of those occurrences are already incorporated in the stock price. As a result, it is stated that only the historical spot price accurately represents all other market events and may be used to predict future movements. As a consequence, we infer future trends using Machine Learning (ML) techniques on historical stock price data, using the previous stock price as the final representation of all influencing factors. Machine learning techniques can reveal previously undiscovered patterns and insights, which can subsequently be used to make accurate predictions. Using the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) model and the company's net growth calculation approach, we create a system for assessing and projecting a company's future development.
Scientific and practical student project "Creation of virtual panoramas"
Authors: Kolesnikov A. A. , Poshivaylo Y. G. , Utrobina E. S.
Published: August 2022

The article discusses modern approaches to the creation of virtual panoramas and the peculiarities of performing panoramic shooting using equipment of various classes within the framework of a scientific and practical student project. As a part of project-based learning, students used and then analyzed various hardware to create virtual panoramas in terms of the quality of the result, convenience, and speed of work. A generalized technological scheme is presented for creating a panoramic tour; recommendations for the most optimal implementation of individual stages are highlighted. Approbation was carried out on the example of creating a virtual panoramic tour of the memorial complex "Monument of Glory to the Siberian Warriors" and Glory Square (outdoor shooting) and the interiors of a number of organizations. Based on the panoramic images taken by the students, a virtual tour was formed and published in free access in the Internet.
Sex differences in the therapeutic effect of unaltered versus NFκB sensing IL-4 over-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells in a murine model of chronic inflammatory bone loss
Authors: Shen Huaishuang , Kushioka Junichi , Toya Masakazu , Utsunomiya Takeshi , Hirata Hirohito , Huang Ejun Elijah , Tsubosaka Masanori , Gao Qi , Li Xueping , Teissier Victoria , Zhang Ning , Goodman Stuart B.
Published: August 2022

Wear particles from joint arthroplasties induce chronic inflammation associated with prolonged upregulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling in macrophages and osteoclasts, which leads to osteolysis and implant loosening. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy showed great potential for immunomodulation and mitigation of osteolysis in vivo, especially in the chronic phase of inflammation. We previously generated genetically modified MSCs that secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) in response to NF-κB activation (NFκB-IL-4 MSCs). However, whether the impact of sexual difference in the internal environment can alter the therapeutic effects of IL-4 over-secreting MSCs that simultaneously mitigate prolonged inflammation and enhance bone formation remains unknown. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of unaltered MSCs versus NFκB-IL-4 MSCs in mitigating chronic inflammation and enhancing bone formation in male and female mice. The murine model was established by continuous infusion of polyethylene particles contaminated with lipopolysaccharide (cPE) into the medullary cavity of the distal femur for 6 weeks to induce chronic inflammation. Unaltered MSCs or NFκB-IL-4 MSCs were infused into the femoral intramedullary cavity in sex-matched groups beginning 3 weeks after primary surgery. Femurs were harvested at 6 weeks, and bone marrow density was measured with micro-computational tomography. Numbers of osteoclast-like cells, osteoblasts, and macrophages were evaluated with histochemical and immunofluorescence staining. cPE infusion resulted in severe bone loss at the surgery site, increased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclasts and M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages, and decreased alkaline phosphatase expression. MSC-based therapy effectively decreased local bone loss and polarized M1 macrophages into an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. In females, unaltered MSCs demonstrated a larger impact in enhancing the osteogenesis, but they demonstrated similar anti-inflammatory effects compared to NFκB-IL-4 MSCs. These results demonstrated that local inflammatory bone loss can be effectively modulated via MSC-based treatments in a sexually dimorphic manner, which could be an efficacious therapeutic strategy for treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis in both genders.
BOK controls ER proteostasis and physiological ER stress responses in neurons
Authors: Walter Franziska , D’Orsi Beatrice , Jagannathan Anagha , Dussmann Heiko , Prehn Jochen H. M.
Published: August 2022

The Bcl-2 family proteins BAK and BAX control the crucial step of pore formation in the mitochondrial outer membrane during intrinsic apoptosis. Bcl-2-related ovarian killer (BOK) is a Bcl-2 family protein with a high sequence similarity to BAK and BAX. However, intrinsic apoptosis can proceed in the absence of BOK. Unlike BAK and BAX, BOK is primarily located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membranes, suggesting a role for BOK in regulating ER homeostasis. In this study, we report that BOK is required for a full ER stress response. Employing previously characterized fluorescent protein-based ER stress reporter cell systems, we show that BOK-deficient cells have an attenuated response to ER stress in all three signaling branches of the unfolded protein response. Fluo-4-based confocal Ca2+ imaging revealed that disruption of ER proteostasis in BOK-deficient cells was not linked to altered ER Ca2+ levels. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments using GRP78/BiP-eGFP demonstrated that GRP78 motility was significantly lower in BOK-deficient cells. This implied that less intraluminal GRP78 was freely available and more of the ER chaperone bound to unfolded proteins. Collectively, these experiments suggest a new role for BOK in the protection of ER proteostasis and cellular responses to ER stress.
Diagnostic Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pulmonary Infection in Intensive Care Unit and Non-Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Zhou Jing-Jiang , Ding Wei-Chao , Liu Yan-Cun , Gao Yu-Lei , Xu Lei , Geng Run-Lu , Ye Ying , Chai Yan-Fen
Published: August 2022

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and culture in pathogen detection among intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients with suspected pulmonary infection.

Methods

In this prospective study, sputum samples were collected from patients with suspected pulmonary infection for 2 consecutive days and then subjected to DNA or RNA sequencing by mNGS or culture; 62 ICU patients and 60 non-ICU patients were admitted. In the end, comparisons were made on the pathogen species identified by mNGS and culture, the overall performance of these two methods in pathogen detection, and the most common pathogens detected by mNGS between the ICU and non-ICU groups.

Results

In DNA and RNA sequencing, the positive rate of pathogen detection reached 96.69% (117/121) and 96.43% (108/112), respectively. In culture tests, the positive rate of the pathogen was 39.34% (48/122), much lower than that of DNA and RNA sequencing. In general, the positive rate of pathogen detection by sputum mNGS was significantly higher than that of sputum culture in the total and non-ICU groups (p < 0.001) but did not show a significant difference when compared to the result of sputum culture in the ICU group (p = 0.08). Haemophilus spp., Candida albicans, Enterococcus spp., and viruses from the mNGS results were excluded before comparing the overall performance of these two methods in pathogen detection. Specifically, among the 10 most common bacteria implied from the mNGS results, significant differences were observed in the number of cases of Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis between the ICU and non-ICU groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated the superiority of mNGS over culture in detecting all kinds of pathogen species in sputum samples. These results indicate that mNGS may serve as a valuable tool to identify pathogens, especially for ICU patients who are more susceptible to mixed infections.
The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and the gut microbiota: An emerging driver influencing the immune system homeostasis and gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Fakharian Farzaneh , Asgari Behnoush , Nabavi-Rad Ali , Sadeghi Amir , Soleimani Neda , Yadegar Abbas , Zali Mohammad Reza
Published: August 2022

The human gut microbiota are critical for preserving the health status because they are required for digestion and nutrient acquisition, the development of the immune system, and energy metabolism. The gut microbial composition is greatly influenced by the colonization of the recalcitrant pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and the conventional antibiotic regimens that follow. H. pylori is considered to be the main microorganism in gastric carcinogenesis, and it appears to be required for the early stages of the process. However, a non-H. pylori microbiota profile is also suggested, primarily in the later stages of tumorigenesis. On the other hand, specific groups of gut microbes may produce beneficial byproducts such as short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) that can modulate inflammation and tumorigenesis pathways. In this review, we aim to present how H. pylori influences the population of the gut microbiota to modify the host immunity and trigger the development of gastric carcinogenesis. We will also highlight the effect of the gut microbiota on immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment to present a perspective for further development of innovative therapeutic paradigms to prevent the progression of H. pylori-induced stomach cancer.
A systematic study of traditional Chinese medicine treating hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma based on target-driven reverse network pharmacology
Authors: Yin Xiaofeng , Li Jinchuan , Hao Zheng , Ding Rui , Qiao Yanan
Published: August 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious global health problem, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains the leading cause of HCC. It is standard care to administer antiviral treatment for HBV-related HCC patients with concurrent anti-cancer therapy. However, a drug with repressive effects on both HBV infection and HCC has not been discovered yet. In addition, drug resistance and side effects have made existing therapeutic regimens suboptimal. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has multi-ingredient and multi-target advantages in dealing with multifactorial HBV infection and HCC. TCM has long been served as a valuable source and inspiration for discovering new drugs. In present study, a target-driven reverse network pharmacology was applied for the first time to systematically study the therapeutic potential of TCM in treating HBV-related HCC. Firstly, 47 shared targets between HBV and HCC were screened as HBV-related HCC targets. Next, starting from 47 targets, the relevant chemical components and herbs were matched. A network containing 47 targets, 913 chemical components and 469 herbs was established. Then, the validated results showed that almost 80% of the herbs listed in chronic hepatitis B guidelines and primary liver cancer guidelines were included in the 469 herbs. Furthermore, functional analysis was conducted to understand the biological processes and pathways regulated by these 47 targets. The docking results indicated that the top 50 chemical components bound well to targets. Finally, the frequency statistical analysis results showed the 469 herbs against HBV-related HCC were mainly warm in property, bitter in taste, and distributed to the liver meridians. Taken together, a small library of 913 chemical components and 469 herbs against HBV-related HCC were obtained with a target-driven approach, thus paving the way for the development of therapeutic modalities to treat HBV-related HCC.
Prognostic implications of coronary artery disease and stress tests in patients with elevated left ventricular filling pressure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Seo Jeong Hun , Hong David , Youn Taeho , Lee Seung Hun , Choi Ki Hong , Kim Darae , Park Taek Kyu , Lee Joo Myung , Song Young Bin , Choi Jin-Oh , Hahn Joo-Yong , Choi Seung-Hyuk , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol , Jeon Eun-Seok , Yang Jeong Hoon
Published: August 2022

Background

The prognostic role of myocardial ischemia in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the change in echocardiographic parameters and clinical outcomes based on the presence of epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD) and positive stress tests in HFpEF patients.

Methods

Symptomatic patients with left ventricular end diastolic pressure ≥15 mmHg who underwent coronary angiography were analyzed between January 2000 and August 2019 after exclusion of patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Results

A total of 555 HFpEF patients were invasively confirmed, 285 (51%) had angiographically-proven CAD. HFpEF patients with CAD displayed greater deterioration in left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.002) over time but this was not observed in those without CAD (p = 0.99) on follow-up echocardiography; however, the mitral annulus early diastolic velocity (e') was significantly decreased in both groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Among 274 patients that received stress tests, those with positive stress tests showed a decline in e' (p 0.001), but this was not found in subjects with negative stress tests (p = 0.44). There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between patients with CAD and without CAD (p = 0.26) with a median follow-up of 10.6 years.

Conclusion

In HFpEF patients, CAD was associated with greater deterioration in the left ventricular systolic function but not with mortality during the follow-up. In addition, myocardial ischemia with a positive stress test may contribute to greater deterioration of diastolic dysfunction.
Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Loading and Unloading Rock Based on Volume Crack Strain
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Zheng Yu , Guo Jinyun , Hao Qijun , Xue Yang
Published: August 2022

In order to study the laws of crack evolution in rock and explain its fracture instability mechanism, a series of laboratory tests were carried out with Jinping Marbles. The test results show that the failure degree of marbles under unloading conditions is more severe than that under loading conditions. Based on volume crack strain, five progressive failure stages of crack evolution under different conditions are divided, and the corresponding characteristic stresses are determined. The pre-peak volume crack propagation strain without considering the initial damage is used to evaluate the pre-peak crack growth propagation degree of rock, and it is found that the lower the confining pressure, the higher the strain rate and unloading rate, the less the cracks generated before the peak, and the more the rock is prone to brittle failure after the peak. The starting point of the sharp increase of volume crack strain rate is proposed as the failure precursor point, and stress levels of failure precursor of marbles are in 70%–100%, which decrease as confining pressure, strain rate, and unloading rate rise. Under unloading conditions, failure precursor points appear later and are close to the unloading point, and unloading rocks are more prone to sudden brittle failure.
Intercomparison of Atmospheric Upper-Air Temperature From Recent Global Reanalysis Datasets
Authors: Essa Yassmin H. , Cagnazzo Chiara , Madonna Fabio , Cristofanelli Paolo , Yang Chunxue , Serva Federico , Caporaso Luca , Santoleri Rosalia
Published: August 2022

Atmospheric temperature is a key variable to detect and attribute climate change. Due to the relative sparseness of ground-based observations and heterogeneity of satellite data, global atmospheric reanalysis products are considered valuable datasets for studying and monitoring the climate, since these usually ensure spatially complete and continuous temporal coverage. Consequently, evaluating differences among the existing reanalyses is key to identifying inconsistencies. To this aim, the current study intercompares the climatological mean, variability, and linear trends for upper air temperature provided from four recent atmospheric reanalysis products (ERA5, ERA-Interim, MERRA-2, and JRA-55) The Reanalysis Multi-Model Ensemble-mean (RMME) is used as a comparator. Radiosonde observations are included for comparison on the regional scale (tropics). The results reveal that all evaluated reanalyses provide a consistent reproduction of the upper-air temperature profile. Temperature differences from RMME within ±0.25 K are found in both the troposphere and lower stratosphere, except for a few specific regions. Larger differences (>± 1.5 K) and discrepancies among the datasets are found in the upper stratosphere. Agreement between reanalyses increased after 1998. Differences in the temperature time series and seasonal cycle at the regional scales are smaller in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes than in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. A robust cooling trend in the lower stratosphere during the period of largest ozone depletion (1980-1997) and a warming trend in the troposphere for the period 1998-2018 are clearly found, at the global level, in all the datasets. Temperature trends and variability in the tropics are consistent in all reanalysis datasets with the homogenized radiosonde records from the lower to middle troposphere and in the lower stratosphere. However, large differences are found in the upper troposphere, tropical tropopause layer (TTL), and middle stratosphere. The well-known temperature variability in the lower stratosphere associated with Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) is captured in both reanalyses and observational datasets. Among the reanalyses, ERA5 shows the smallest temperature difference with respect to homogenized upper-air radiosoundings records.
Integrated bioinformatic analysis reveals immune molecular markers and potential drugs for diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guo Qixin , Zhu Qingqing , Zhang Ting , Qu Qiang , Cheang Iokfai , Liao Shengen , Chen Mengli , Zhu Xu , Shi Mengsha , Li Xinli
Published: August 2022

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a pathophysiological condition induced by diabetes mellitus that often causes heart failure (HF). However, their mechanistic relationships remain unclear. This study aimed to identify immune gene signatures and molecular mechanisms of DCM. Microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database from patients with DCM were subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identify co-expression modules. Core expression modules were intersected with the immune gene database. We analyzed and mapped protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using the STRING database and MCODE and filtering out 17 hub genes using cytoHubba software. Finally, potential transcriptional regulatory factors and therapeutic drugs were identified and molecular docking between gene targets and small molecules was performed. We identified five potential immune biomarkers: proteosome subunit beta type-8 (PSMB8), nuclear factor kappa B1 (NFKB1), albumin (ALB), endothelin 1 (EDN1), and estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1). Their expression levels in animal models were consistent with the changes observed in the datasets. EDN1 showed significant differences in expression in both the dataset and the validation model by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting(WB). Subsequently, we confirmed that the potential transcription factors upstream of EDN1 were PRDM5 and KLF4, as its expression was positively correlated with the expression of the two transcription factors. To repurpose known therapeutic drugs, a connectivity map (CMap) database was retrieved, and nine candidate compounds were identified. Finally, molecular docking simulations of the proteins encoded by the five genes with small-molecule drugs were performed. Our data suggest that EDN1 may play a key role in the development of DCM and is a potential DCM biomarker.
Occurrence of methane-oxidizing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in earth’s cave systems—A metagenomic analysis
Authors: Allenby Alexander , Cunningham Mark R. , Hillebrand-Voiculescu Alexandra , Comte Jean-Christophe , Doherty Rory , Kumaresan Deepak
Published: August 2022

Karst ecosystems represent up to 25% of the land surface and recent studies highlight their potential role as a sink for atmospheric methane. Despite this, there is limited knowledge of the diversity and distribution of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) or methanogens in karst caves and the sub-surface environment in general. Here, we performed a survey of 14 shotgun metagenomes from cave ecosystems covering a broad set of environmental conditions, to compare the relative abundance and phylogenetic diversity of MOB and methanogens, targeting biomarker genes for methane monooxygenase (pmoA and mmoX) and methyl-coenzyme M reductase (mcrA). Taxonomic analysis of metagenomes showed 0.02–1.28% of classified reads were related to known MOB, of which Gammaproteobacterial MOB were the most abundant making up on average 70% of the surveyed caves’ MOB community. Potential for biogenic methane production in caves was also observed, with 0.008–0.39% of reads classified to methanogens and was dominated by sequences related to Methanosarcina. We have also generated a cave ecosystems protein database (CEPD) based on protein level assembly of cave metagenomes that can be used to profile genes of interest.
LncRNA DUXAP8 as a prognostic biomarker for various cancers: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wang Yongfeng , Jiang Xianglai , Zhang Dongzhi , Zhao Yuanbin , Han Xiaoyong , Zhu Lihui , Ren Jingyao , Liu Yubin , You Jiarong , Wang Haolan , Cai Hui
Published: August 2022

Background: Dual homeoboxes A pseudogene 8 (DUXAP8) is a newly discovered long noncoding RNA that has been shown to function as an oncogene in a variety of human malignant cancers. By integrating available data, this meta-analysis sought to determine the relationship between clinical prognosis and DUXAP8 expression levels in diverse malignancies.

Materials and methods: A systematic search was performed to identify eligible studies from several electronic databases from their inception to 25 October 2021. Pooled odds ratios and hazard ratios with 95% CI were used to estimate the association between DUXAP8 expression and survival. For survival analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method and COX analysis were used. Furthermore, we utilized Spearman’s correlation analysis to explore the correlation between DUXAP8 and tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), the related genes of mismatch repair (MMR), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and immune checkpoint biomarkers.

Results: Our findings indicated that overexpression of DUXAP8 was related to poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.49–1.77, p < 0.001). In addition, elevated DUXAP8 expression was closely related to poor OS in several cancers in the TCGA database. Moreover, DUXAP8 expression has been associated with TMB, MSI, and MMR in a variety of malignancies.

Conclusion: This study revealed that DUXAP8 might serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for cancer. It can be used to improve cancer diagnosis, discover potential treatment targets, and improve prognosis.
Integrated multi-omic data reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of the nutrition and flavor in Liancheng white duck meat
Authors: Zhou Hao , Yang Yu , Wang Lixia , Ye Shengqiang , Liu Jiajia , Gong Ping , Qian Yunguo , Zeng Huijun , Chen Xing
Published: August 2022

The Liancheng white (LW) duck is one of the most valued Chinese indigenous poultry breeds. Its meat is rich in nutrients and has distinct flavors, but the molecular mechanisms behind them are unknown. To address this issue, we measured and compared multi-omic data (genome, transcriptome, and metabolome) of breast meat from LW ducks and the Mianyang Shelduck (MS) ducks. We found that the LW duck has distinct breed-specific genetic features, including numerous mutant genes with differential expressions associated with amino acid metabolism and transport activities. The metabolome driven by genetic materials was also seen to differ between the two breeds. For example, several amino acids that are beneficial for human health, such as L-Arginine, L-Ornithine, and L-lysine, were found in considerably higher concentrations in LW muscle than in MS duck muscle (p < 0.05). SLC7A6, a mutant gene, was substantially upregulated in the LW group (p < 0.05), which may lead to excessive L-arginine and L-ornithine accumulation in LW duck meat through transport regulation. Further, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), an umami-tasting molecule, was considerably higher in LW muscle (p < 0.05), while L-Aspartic acid was significantly abundant in MS duck meat (p < 0.05), showing that the LW duck has a different umami formation. Overall, this study contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the enriched nutrients and distinct umami of LW duck meat, which will provide a useful reference for duck breeding.
Linkage QTL Mapping and Genome-Wide Association Study on Resistance in Chickpea to Pythium ultimum
Authors: Agarwal Chiti , Chen Weidong , Varshney Rajeev Kumar , Vandemark George
Published: August 2022

The soilborne oomycete plant pathogen Pythium ultimum causes seed rot and pre-emergence damping-off of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The pathogen has been controlled for several decades using the fungicide metalaxyl as seed treatment but has re-emerged as a severe problem with the detection of metalaxyl-resistant isolates of the pathogen from infested fields in the United States Pacific Northwest. The objective of this study was to identify genetic markers and candidate genes associated with resistance to P. ultimum in an interspecific recombinant inbred line population (CRIL-7) derived from a cross between C. reticulatum (PI 599072) x C. arietinum (FLIP 84-92C) and conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for disease resistance using a chickpea diversity panel consisting of 184 accessions. CRIL-7 was examined using 1029 SNP markers spanning eight linkage groups. A major QTL, “qpsd4-1,” was detected on LG 4 that explained 41.8% of phenotypic variance, and a minor QTL, “qpsd8-1,” was detected on LG8 that explained 4.5% of phenotypic variance. Seven candidate genes were also detected using composite interval mapping including several genes previously associated with disease resistance in other crop species. A total of 302,902 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers were used to determine population structure and kinship of the diversity panel. Marker–trait associations were established by employing different combinations of principal components (PC) and kinships (K) in the FarmCPU model. Genome-wide association studies detected 11 significant SNPs and seven candidate genes associated with disease resistance. SNP Ca4_1765418, detected by GWAS on chromosome 4, was located within QTL qpsd4-1 that was revealed in the interspecific CRIL-7 population. The present study provides tools to enable MAS for resistance to P. ultimum and identified genomic domains and candidate genes involved in the resistance of chickpea to soilborne diseases.
A method for identifying moonlighting proteins based on linear discriminant analysis and bagging-SVM
Authors: Chen Yu , Li Sai , Guo Jifeng
Published: August 2022

Moonlighting proteins have at least two independent functions and are widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Moonlighting proteins play important roles in signal transduction, cell growth and movement, tumor inhibition, DNA synthesis and repair, and metabolism of biological macromolecules. Moonlighting proteins are difficult to find through biological experiments, so many researchers identify moonlighting proteins through bioinformatics methods, but their accuracies are relatively low. Therefore, we propose a new method. In this study, we select SVMProt-188D as the feature input, and apply a model combining linear discriminant analysis and basic classifiers in machine learning to study moonlighting proteins, and perform bagging ensemble on the best-performing support vector machine. They are identified accurately and efficiently. The model achieves an accuracy of 93.26% and an F-sorce of 0.946 on the MPFit dataset, which is better than the existing MEL-MP model. Meanwhile, it also achieves good results on the other two moonlighting protein datasets.
Cigarette smoke-induced gasdermin D activation in bronchoalveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells dependently on NLRP3
Authors: Huot-Marchand Sarah , Nascimento Mégane , Culerier Elodie , Bourenane Mélissa , Savigny Florence , Panek Corinne , Serdjebi Cindy , Le Bert Marc , Quesniaux Valérie F. J. , Ryffel Bernhard , Broz Petr , Riteau Nicolas , Gombault Aurélie , Couillin Isabelle
Published: August 2022

Chronic pulmonary inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are major health issues largely due to air pollution and cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. The role of the innate receptor NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3) orchestrating inflammation through formation of an inflammasome complex in CS-induced inflammation or COPD remains controversial. Using acute and subchronic CS exposure models, we found that Nlrp3-deficient mice or wild-type mice treated with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 presented an important reduction of inflammatory cells recruited into the bronchoalveolar space and of pulmonary inflammation with decreased chemokines and cytokines production, in particular IL-1β demonstrating the key role of NLRP3. Furthermore, mice deficient for Caspase-1/Caspase-11 presented also decreased inflammation parameters, suggesting a role for the NLRP3 inflammasome. Importantly we showed that acute CS-exposure promotes NLRP3-dependent cleavage of gasdermin D in macrophages present in the bronchoalveolar space and in bronchial airway epithelial cells. Finally, Gsdmd-deficiency reduced acute CS-induced lung and bronchoalveolar space inflammation and IL-1β secretion. Thus, we demonstrated in our model that NLRP3 and gasdermin D are key players in CS-induced pulmonary inflammation and IL-1β release potentially through gasdermin D forming-pore and/or pyroptoctic cell death.