bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Coupled SWAT-AEM Modelling Framework for a Comprehensive Hydrologic Assessment
Authors: Sangeetha K. , Narasimhan Balaji , Srinivasan R.
Published: September 2022

This study attempts to integrate a Surface Water (SW) model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) with an existing steady-state, single layer, unconfined heterogeneous aquifer Analytic Element Method (AEM) based Ground Water (GW) model, named Bluebird AEM engine, for a comprehensive assessment of SW and GW resources and its management. The main reason for integrating SWAT with the GW model is that the SWAT model does not simulate the distribution and dynamics of GW levels and recharge rates. To overcome this issue, often the SWAT model is coupled with the numerical GW model (either using MODFLOW or FEFLOW), wherein the spatial and temporal patterns of the interactions are better captured and assessed. However, the major drawback in integrating the two models (SWAT with—MODFLOW/FEM) is its conversion from Hydrological Response Unit’s (HRU)/sub-basins to grid/elements. To couple them, a spatial translation system is necessary to move the inputs and outputs back and forth between the two models due to the difference in discretization. Hence, for effective coupling of SW and GW models, it may be desirable to have both models with a similar spatial discretization and reduce the need for rigorous numerical techniques for solving the PDEs. The objective of this paper is to test the proof of concept of integrating a distributed hydrologic model with an AEM model at the same spatial units, primarily focused on surface water and groundwater interaction with a shallow unconfined aquifer. Analytic Element Method (AEM) based GW models seem to be ideal for coupling with SWAT due to their innate character to consider the HRU, sub-basin, River, and lake boundaries as individual analytic elements directly without the need for any further discretization or modeling units. This study explores the spatio-temporal patterns of groundwater (GW) discharge rates to a river system in a moist-sub humid region with SWAT-AEM applied to the San Jacinto River basin (SJRB) in Texas. The SW-GW interactions are explored throughout the watershed from 2000–2017 using the integrated SWAT-AEM model, which is tested against stream flow and GW levels. The integrated SWAT-AEM model results show good improvement in predicting the stream flow (R2 = 0.65–0.80) and GW levels as compared to the standalone SWAT model. Further, the integrated model predicted the low flows better compared to the standalone SWAT model, thus accounting for the SW-GW interactions. Almost 80% of the stream network experiences an increase in groundwater discharge rate between 2000 and 2017 with an annual average GW discharge rate of 1853 Mm3/year. The result from the study seems promising for potential applications of SWAT-AEM coupling in regions with considerable SW-GW interactions.
Effects of Environmental Factors on Suspended Sediment Plumes in the Continental Shelf Out of Danshuei River Estuary
Authors: Liu Wen-Cheng , Liu Hong-Ming , Young Chih-Chieh
Published: September 2022

The effects of environmental factors on suspended sediment plumes in the continental shelf out of the Danshuei River estuary were numerically investigated using an unstructured-grid three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (SCHISM) together with a suspended sediment (SS) module. The coupled model (SCHISM-SS) was calibrated and validated against the in situ measurement data in 2016. Consistent with the observation results, the model simulations satisfactorily reproduced the water levels, velocities, salinities, and suspended sediment concentrations. The model was then applied to explore the role of various environmental factors in the dynamics of suspended sediment plumes from the estuary to the adjacent coastal seas. These factors include tidal forcing, salinity, river discharge, and wind stress. Analysis and comparisons of different scenario results indicated that the suspended sediment plume was greatly affected by tides, e.g., a longer plume distance resulted from a larger flux under tidal motions. A higher sediment concentration in the plume in the offshore area was also found during the neap tide, relative to that observed during the spring tide. In addition, salinity affects the movement of density currents and the spread of the sediment plume, i.e., the plume distance is longer due to the residual circulation when a salinity difference is present. Further, an extreme river flow could occur during typhoon periods and would discharge a greater water volume into the coastal region, causing the suspended sediment plume to expand from the near shore. Finally, the directions of prevailing winds can slightly influence the sediment plumes.
Product- and Hydro-Validation of Satellite-Based Precipitation Data Sets for a Poorly Gauged Snow-Fed Basin in Turkey
Authors: Uysal Gökçen
Published: September 2022

Satellite-based Precipitation (SBP) products are receiving growing attention, and their utilization in hydrological applications is essential for better water resource management. However, their assessment is still lacking for data-sparse mountainous regions. This study reveals the performances of four available PERSIANN family products of low resolution near real-time (PERSIANN), low resolution bias-corrected (PERSIANN-CDR), and high resolution real-time (PERSIANN-CCS and PERSIANN-PDIR-Now). The study aims to apply Product-Validation Experiments (PVEs) and Hydro-Validation Experiments (HVEs) in a mountainous test catchment of the upper Euphrates Basin. The PVEs are conducted on different temporal scales (annual, monthly, and daily) within four seasonal time periods from 2003 to 2015. HVEs are accomplished via a multi-layer perceptron (MLP)-based rainfall-runoff model. The Gauge-based Precipitation (GBP) and SBP are trained and tested to simulate daily streamflows for the periods of 2003–2008 and 2009–2011 water years, respectively. PVEs indicate that PERSIANN-PDIR-Now comprises the least mean annual bias, and PERSIANN-CDR gives the highest monthly correlation with the GBP data. According to daily HVEs, MLP provides a compromising alternative for biased data sets; all SBP models show reasonably high Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency for the training (above 0.80) and testing (0.62) periods, while the PERSIANN-CDR-based MLP (0.88 and 0.79) gives the highest performance.
Study on the Sources of Salinity of Groundwater in Holocene and Late Pleistocene Sediments Based on Hydrochemical and Isotopic Methods in Southern Laizhou Bay
Authors: Chang Yawen , Chen Xuequn , Guan Qinghua , Tian Chanjuan , Liu Dan , Xu Dandan
Published: September 2022

A survey of the hydrochemistry and isotopes of the Quaternary aquifer on the southern coast of Laizhou Bay provides new insights into the hydrodynamic and geochemical relationships between freshwater, seawater, and brine at different depths in coastal sediments. This study used a combination of groundwater level analysis, hydrochemistry, and isotopic methods to study the chemical characteristics of groundwater and the origin of groundwater recharge and salinity. Because the sedimentary structure of the area and the formation background of saltwater were important factors controlling the distribution of groundwater, we analyzed the distribution of groundwater in Holocene and Late Pleistocene sediments. The variation of groundwater levels in the Holocene and Late Pleistocene sediments in the saline–freshwater transition zone over time showed that the Holocene and Late Pleistocene groundwater flow directions differed in the saltwater–freshwater transition zone. From south to north in the study area, the hydrochemical types of groundwater in the Holocene and Late Pleistocene sediments were as follows: HCO3-Ca (freshwater), SO4-Mg and HCO3-Ca (brackish water), Cl-Na·Mg (saltwater), and Cl-Na (brine). The results of the hydrochemical and isotopic studies indicated that the saltwater in the Holocene and Late Pleistocene sediments and the brine in the Late Pleistocene sediments were the result of evaporation. The salinity of freshwater in the Holocene sediments was produced by rock weathering, while the salinity of freshwater in the Late Pleistocene sediments was not only derived from rock weathering, but was also affected by evaporation and precipitation. The salinity of brackish water in the Holocene and Late Pleistocene sediments was derived from evaporation and precipitation. Ultimately, the origin of groundwater recharge in the Holocene and Late Pleistocene sediments was atmospheric precipitation.
Long-Term Trend and Inter-Annual Variation of Ocean Heat Content in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas
Authors: Yang Min , Guo Xinyu , Zheng Junyong , Sun Qun
Published: September 2022

The long-term trend and interannual variation of ocean heat content (OHC) in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea (BYECS) were examined using 27 years (1993–2019) of daily reanalysis data from the Japan Coastal Ocean Predictability Experiment 2 (JCOPE2M). The annual mean OHC was 4.25 × 1021 J, with a linear warming rate of 0.13 W m−2 with a confidence level of 95%. The spatial distributions for the annual and linear trends of OHC in the BYECS were inhomogeneous, and a considerable quantity of heat was stored on the outer shelf. The warming rate was considerably elevated in the areas northeast of Taiwan and southwest of Kyushu, showing a rate greater than that of the Pacific and global oceans by a factor of 4–5. Heat budget analysis indicated that the Taiwan Strait (TAS) is the dominant source of heat for the BYECS. The mechanisms of the OHC interannual variation in the outer and inner shelves varied. On the outer shelf, the OHC interannual variation was dependent on the Kuroshio onshore intrusion, while on the inner shelf, the OHC interannual variation was related to the variation in air-sea heat flux. The rapid warming in the outer shelf corresponded to the increasing trends of heat transport across northeast Taiwan and southwest Kyushu, which were dominated by the temporal variation of current velocity.
Land-Use Pattern as a Key Factor Determining the Water Quality, Fish Guilds, and Ecological Health in Lotic Ecosystems of the Asian Monsoon Region
Authors: Kakore Blandina Genes , Mamun Md , Lee Sang-Jae , An Kwang-Guk
Published: September 2022

Land-use patterns influence water quality in lotic ecosystems worldwide; consequently, deteriorating water quality affects fish communities and composition and the ecological health of water bodies. This study aimed to evaluate how land use, stream order, and elevation regulate water quality and ecological health in 64 streams based on the following four land cover types: namely, forest, agriculture, urban upstream, and urban downstream regions. Spatial analysis revealed that urban downstream areas had higher nutrient concentrations [total phosphorus (TP) as follows: 117 µg/L; total nitrogen (TN): 5.57 mg/L] and organic pollutants [chemical oxygen demand (COD): 7.71] than other regions. Empirical analysis indicated that TP (R2 = 0.46) had a high relation with chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) compared to TN (R2 = 0.23) and TN:TP (R2 = 0.20). Elevation, stream order, and monsoon season significantly impact nutrients, organic matter, suspended particles, ionic content, and algal chlorophyll concentrations. The index of biotic integrity (IBI) was significantly positively correlated with elevation (R2 = 0.387), indicating that forest streams (high elevation) had better water quality and ecological health than lower-elevation streams. The proportion of insectivore species shows a significant negative relationship with biological oxygen demand (BOD) (R2 = 0.123) and TP (R2 = 0.155). The multi-metric index of biotic integrity (IBI) model suggested that the ecological health of forest streams was in fair condition. In contrast, agricultural streams were in poor condition, and urban upstream and downstream were in very poor conditions. The outcomes of this study indicated that land-use patterns and elevation largely regulate the water quality and ecological health of the streams.
Evaluation of Reanalysis Data in Meteorological and Climatological Applications: Spatial and Temporal Considerations
Authors: Mavromatis Theodoros
Published: September 2022

Reanalysis datasets are among the most used gridded data for the study of weather and climate [...]
Study on Hydrochemical Characteristics and Formation Process of Antu Mineral Water in Changbai Mountain, China
Authors: Bian Jianmin , Li Yihan , Ma Yuxi , Li Jialin , Yu Yexiang , Sun Wenhao
Published: September 2022

Changbai Mountain is the source region of the Songhua, Tumen, and Yalu Rivers. It is a famous concentrated distribution area of high-quality mineral water in China, which has a great economic value. Antu County is one of the main distribution areas of basalt and mineral water in Changbai Mountain. The distribution of mineral water has a strong hydraulic relationship with surface water, which constitutes abundant recharge reserves. It is important to study the hydrochemical characteristics and the relationship between surface water and mineral water to provide a theoretical basis for further discussion on the formation process and rational utilization of mineral water resources in Changbai Mountain. A total of 18 water samples in the period of abundant and dry water were collected, including rainwater, mineral water, and surface water. Geostatistics was utilized to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics. Hydrochemical component tracing and stable environmental isotope technology with end-number calculation reveals the transformation relationship between mineral and surface water. The results indicate that: (1) The hydrochemical type is mainly HCO3-Ca-Na and HCO3-Ca-Mg type. The average content of H2SiO3 is 50.78 mg/L, which reach the standard of high quality metasilicate mineral water. (2) The mineral water formation process is dominated by the water-rock interaction in silicate mineral weathering. Metasilicate came from hydrolytic reaction of silicate and aluminosilicate under acidic conditions. (3) Atmospheric precipitation is the main recharge source, and the recharge area locates in the south nature reserve of the study area. The average retention time of mineral water is 35.5 years, and the recharge ratio of mineral water to surface water is up to 83.7%. This study will provide a theory guide for the protection and rational utilization of groundwater resources in study area and a reference for mineral spring formation study in basalt mountain area.
Model Experiment Exploration of the Kinetic Dissipation Effect on the Slit Dam with Baffles Tilted in the Downstream Direction
Authors: Fang Yingguang , Liu Hao , Guo Lingfeng , Li Xiaolong
Published: September 2022

Slit dams can eliminate the risk of particle overload accumulation, which can be safer in controlling debris flow compared with a completely closed dam. In attempting to better use the energy dissipation effect of particle collision and reduce the impact of the dam body, referring to the traditional slit dam, this paper proposed one with tilted baffles in the downstream direction. Discrete element simulation and several flume model experiments were carried out herein to verify the advantages and explore the applicable conditions of this tilted baffle slit dam, in which the particle trapping efficiency and the change law of impact force of the tilted baffles under the conditions of different inclined angles, opening sizes, and particle sizes were studied. The results show that: 1. when the inclination angle is 30° ≤ θ ≤ 45°, the tilted baffles can dissipate more particle kinetic energy than the transverse baffles; 2. the maximum impact force and trapping efficiency of the tilted baffles decrease with the increase in the width diameter ratio b/d, with the opening width b of the slit to the particle diameter d; 3. with the given particle size of 6 mm ≤ d ≤ 14 mm, the range that the tilted baffles can effectively intercept the particles flowing down is 0 ≤ b/d ≤ 4, and it reaches the ideal interception state near 1 ≤ b/d ≤ 2, where, relatively, the impact force is weak, and the interception efficiency is high.
Active Protection of Endangered Species of Peat Bog Flora (Drosera intermedia, D. anglica) in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District
Authors: Sender Joanna , Różańska-Boczula Monika , Urban Danuta
Published: September 2022

Protecting endangered plant species is crucial to maintaining biodiversity. Currently, there is a rapid decline in the populations of many moisture-loving plant species throughout Poland. These include the entire genus Drosera, so this paper attempts to determine the main reasons for the decline of Drosera intermedia and Drosera anglica in the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District. For this purpose, the habitat conditions, climatic factors of the sites, as well as the vegetation of their current and historically abundant occurrence were compared, and it was shown that an important reason for the receding of sundews may be changes associated with rising temperatures in the study area. In the case of Drosera anglica, a clear preference was observed for colonising sites associated with the shoreline of lakes, more hydrated and almost devoid of companion plants. For Droseraintermedia, on the other hand, it was revealed that it acclimatises to mid-forest peatlands, rich in magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, and manganese, with moderate carbon content, medium levels of groundwater and air temperature, and low concentrations of organic matter. In addition, it was noted that sundew sites are characterised by lower diversity indices but a greater number of rare and protected species and significantly lower concentrations of iron and potassium.
Response of Low Flows of Polish Rivers to Climate Change in 1987–1989
Authors: Wrzesiński Dariusz , Marsz Andrzej A. , Sobkowiak Leszek , Styszyńska Anna
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses changes in the low-flow regime of rivers in Poland, resulting from climate change that occurred between 1987 and 1989. The low-flow variability of rivers was measured with the use of the number of days with low flows (NDLF) below a threshold value, which was adopted as the 0.1 (10%) percentile (Q10) from the set of daily flows recorded in the multi-annual period 1951–2020 at 140 water gauges on 83 rivers. The analysis of the course of climate change over Poland showed that it was caused by macro-circulation conditions, controlled by changes in the intensity of thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic (NA THC). Climate change consisted of a sharp increase in sunshine duration and air temperature, and a decrease in relative humidity after 1988. Along with the lack of changes in precipitation totals, characterized by a strong yearly variability, and an increase in field evaporation, it led to noticeable changes in the water balance. As a result, in 1989–2020, there was a significant increase in NDFL detected in about 2/3 of the area of Poland. With the change in the NA THC phase and the macro-circulation conditions, there was also a change in the spatial distribution of areas drained by rivers with increased NDFL. In 1951–1988, these included the eastern parts of Poland, while after the climate change (1989–2020), its western and south-western parts.
Assessment of Net Erosion and Suspended Sediments Yield within River Basins of the Agricultural Belt of Russia
Authors: Maltsev Kirill , Golosov Valentin , Yermolaev Oleg , Ivanov Maxim , Chizhikova Nelli
Published: September 2022

The SEA/Balance (soil erosion–accumulation balance) model and the WATEM/SEDEM model both mapping the erosion–accumulation budget of sediment within river basins were tested for 11 river basins of the eastern Russian Plain. The dynamics of river sediment yield were evaluated within one of the river basins. The analysis is based on observations of suspended sediment yield in test river basins with an area ranging from 100 to 1500 km2. The maps of the average annual erosion–accumulative budget of sediment were constructed using two methods, making it possible to quantitatively assess the amount of sediment yield from the catchment area for the river basins under study. The WATEM/SEDEM model and the author’s SEA/Balance model were used for sediment yield estimation. The results of calculation using the WATEM/SEDEM model have an average bias of +11% compared to observed suspended sediment yield. The corresponding value in the case of the SEA/Balance model application is −29%. SEA/Balance model assessment sediment yield dynamics for the Sterlya river basin show an 11 percent reduction. It is possible to conclude that the proposed method of SEA/Balance can be applied to river basins of the agricultural zone of the east Russian Plain.
Groundwater Quality Evaluation and the Validity for Agriculture Exploitation in the Erbil Plain in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Seeyan Shwan , Akrawi Haifa , Alobaidi Mohammad , Mahdi Karrar , Riksen Michel , Ritsema Coen
Published: September 2022

Climate change and the fast growth of industrial and agricultural enterprises can have a negative impact on groundwater quality. The evaluation of groundwater quality is an important issue to determine the suitability of water for agriculture and other purposes in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The quality of water is an important indicator for selecting the best Climate Smart Agriculture practices that can be applied in the region. Industrial and agricultural enterprises use massive amounts of groundwater pollutants such as fertilizers and pesticides, especially in the agriculture sectors. Groundwater samples were collected from varying depths of 110 to 200 m for chemical and physical analysis to determine water availability and quality as well as the effect of water use and of drought on groundwater level fluctuation in Erbil City. The analysis includes pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, total dissolved solids, major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) and major anions (SO42−, HCO3−, Cl−, CO3−). The high TDS value is founded in the central part of the study area according to groundwater flow which originates from the mountain area toward the center of the plain. The results of the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) shows that all water well samples are suitable for irrigation which have a low sodium hazard and use on sodium sensitive crops must be cautioned against, and the sodium hazard shows that there is no toxic effect on the plants because all the groundwater samples fall in the standard limits of sodium percent, which is less than 60%. The sodium hazard is low, based on RSC results, because it falls below the standard limit which is less than 1.5 meq/L. All groundwater samples are classified as having excellent-to-good permeability. The classification of the potential salinity of groundwater samples shows that nine water samples are in the class excellent-to-good, three water samples are good-to-injurious, and four samples are injurious-to-unsatisfactory. The water type in the area is mostly sulfate except for three samples, two of which are of the chloride type and the third is bicarbonate.
Meteorological Effects of a Lake in A Permafrost Basin: Difference of Seasonal Freeze–Thaw Cycles in Hovsgol Lake and Darhad Basin, Northern Mongolia
Authors: Takeda Kazuo , Sugita Akifumi , Kimura Masato , Caceres Maximo Larry Lopez
Published: September 2022

The effects of the present global climate change appear more pronounced in high latitudes and alpine regions. Transitions zones, such as the southern fringe of the boreal region in northern Mongolia, are expected to experience drastic changes as a result. This area is dry and cold with forests forming only on the north-facing slopes of hills and grasslands distributing on the south-facing slopes, making it difficult for continuous forests to exist. However, in the Hovsgol Lake Basin, there is a vast continuous pure forest of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica). In other words, the lake water thawing/freezing process may have created a unique climatic environment that differs with the climate of the adjacent Darhad Basin, where no lake exists. Thus, in order to compare the effect of the thawing/freezing dynamics of lake water and the active layer on the thermal regime at each basin, respectively, temperatures were simultaneously measured. The Darhad Basin has similar latitude, topography, area, and elevation conditions. As expected, the presence of the lake affected the annual temperature amplitude, as it was 60% of that in the Darhad Basin. The difference in the seasonal freeze–thaw cycles of the lake and the active layer caused a significant difference in the thermal regime, especially in winter.
Measuring and Validating the Actual Evaporation and Soil Moisture Dynamic in Arid Regions under Unirrigated Land Using Smart Field Lysimeters and Numerical Modeling
Authors: Baalousha Husam Musa , Ramasomanana Fanilo , Fahs Marwan , Seers Thomas Daniel
Published: September 2022

Though forming a fundamental component of the water budget, soil evaporation is challenging to quantify in practice. Most water balance and soil moisture studies rely on pan evaporation or empirical relations to calculate evaporation, which is later used for water budget estimation. This study is based on the in situ measurement of soil evaporation in arid regions using smart field lysimeters. These lysimeters calculate the actual evaporation and downward leakage within the soil column using changes in weight, in addition to measuring temperature, soil moisture, soil matric potential, and other ancillary parameters in real time. The study analyses 17 months of data collected from two smart-field lysimeters installed in loamy soil within unirrigated land in Qatar. Lysimeter data were validated using a 1D numerical unsaturated flow model using Hydrus, and utilized laboratory testing results of the water retention. The Hydrus model output shows a good match between numerical and lysimeter results. The volumetric soil moisture of the topsoil in the lysimeters varies between 6% and 36%, with a rapid response to rainfall events. The actual recharge based on data analysis amounts to 5% of the annual rainfall. An analysis of the results reveals a substantial difference between the potential evaporation and the actual evaporation. While the potential values can be adequate for wet countries where rainfall is high, it is irrelevant in arid countries, due to the lack of moisture available for evaporation throughout most of the year. Results also show that while the topsoil responds quickly to rainfall events, it takes a considerable amount of time until such effects are propagated to below the soil’s lower boundary. The findings of this study may help decision makers, researchers, and irrigation engineers plan for the sustainable management and protection of scarce resources.
Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow of Upper Yongding River Basin, North China
Authors: Deng Liqiang , Guo Ying , Qi Yongqing , Shen Yan-Jun , Shen Yanjun
Published: September 2022

Streamflow in semiarid areas, especially in North China, was rapidly decreasing, which made it important to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of streamflow. Using the hydro-meteorological data series of 1961–2017 in the upper Yongding River Basin (UYRB) (including the Yang River Basin (YRB) and Sanggan River Basin (SRB)), spatio-temporal variation characteristics of air temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (E0) were analyzed. The results showed that precipitation has no significant trend; the temperature showed a significant increase of 0.1–0.5 °C per decade; E0 showed a significant decrease of approximately −2 mm/10yr (in 18 stations); the estimated rates of streamflow change were −7 and −8 mm/10yr for SRB and YRB. As for spatial distribution, the YRB presented a higher E0 value than the SRB; the mountain areas had more precipitation than the plain areas. The change points of streamflow occurred in 1982 and 2003. Both the Budyko and the DMC methods were used to evaluate the impacts of climate change and human activities on the mean annual streamflow. In variation stage I (1983~2003), impacts of human activities account for 90.6% and 62.7% of the mean annual streamflow changes in YRB and SRB, respectively. In variation stage II (2004~2017), the percentages were 99.5% and 93.5%, respectively. It is also noted that the first change point in streamflow was indeed at the beginning of China’s land reform, when the farmers could manage their reallocated lands and, therefore, there was an increase in agricultural water consumption. The second change point coincided with “Capital Water Resources Planning”, including water conservation projects and irrigation district construction programs. In general, human activities were mainly responsible for the significant decline in the annual streamflow of UYRB. This paper will provide valuable results for water resources planning and give guidance on the construction of water conservation function areas and ecological environment support areas in the capital.
Tracking Co-Occurrence of N501Y, P681R, and Other Key Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike for Surveillance
Authors: Lee Carol , Mangalaganesh Shruthi , Wilson Laurence O. W. , Kuiper Michael J. , Drew Trevor W. , Vasan Seshadri S.
Published: September 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has produced five variants of concern (VOC) to date. The important spike mutation ‘N501Y’ is common to Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Omicron VOC, while the ‘P681R’ is key to Delta’s spread. We have analysed circa 10 million SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from the world’s largest repository, ‘Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID)’, and demonstrated that these two mutations have co-occurred on the spike ‘D614G’ mutation background at least 5767 times from 12 May 2020 to 28 April 2022. In contrast, the Y501-H681 combination, which is common to Alpha and Omicron VOC, is present in circa 1.1 million entries. Over half of the 5767 co-occurrences were in France, Turkey, or US (East Coast), and the rest across 88 other countries; 36.1%, 3.9%, and 4.1% of the co-occurrences were Alpha’s Q.4, Gamma’s P.1.8, and Omicron’s BA.1.1 sub-lineages acquiring the P681R; 4.6% and 3.0% were Delta’s AY.5.7 sub-lineage and B.1.617.2 lineage acquiring the N501Y; the remaining 8.2% were in other variants. Despite the selective advantages individually conferred by N501Y and P681R, the Y501-R681 combination counterintuitively did not outcompete other variants in every instance we have examined. While this is a relief to worldwide public health efforts, in vitro and in vivo studies are urgently required in the absence of a strong in silico explanation for this phenomenon. This study demonstrates a pipeline to analyse combinations of key mutations from public domain information in a systematic manner and provide early warnings of spread. The study here demonstrates the usage of the pipeline using the key mutations N501Y, P681R, and D614G of SARS-CoV-2.
Caracteres agronômicos da soja em função da aplicação de bioestimulantes em diferentes épocas e níveis de desfolha
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela da Silva , Júnior José Barbosa Duarte , Cieslak Leandro , Costa Antonio Carlos Torres da , Kuhn Odair José
Published: September 2022

As grandes culturas como a soja nos vários sistemas de cultivo interagem com os fatores do ambiente, desde a implantação da cultura até a colheita, dentre estes bióticos, tais como insetos pragas desfolhadoras e abióticos, como uma forma de precipitação de chuvas de um granizo. O objetivo da realização deste trabalho foi avaliar características agronômicas da soja em função de diferentes níveis de desfolha em estádios da fase vegetativa e reprodutiva da soja e de bioestimulantes aplicados por via foliar. O experimento foi implantado e conduzido num delineamento em blocos ao acaso D.B.C, com três repetições, utilizando um esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 3 sendo os tratamentos constituídos pelas combinações de quatro épocas de desfolha (V4, V9, R5 e R6), quatro níveis de desfolha (0, 33, 66 e 99%) e dois bioestimulantes (Biotrac e Phosamco Bio). Os bioestimulantes proporcionaram significativamente a recuperação fisiológica mais rápida e eficaz da cultura da soja quando submetida a perdas de área foliar em diferentes níveis de desfolha tanto na fase vegetativa como na reprodutiva. A utilização dos bioestimulantes Biotrac e Phosamco Bio proporcionaram incremento na altura de plantas, número de vagens por plantas, número de grãos por vagem e consequentemente a produtividade maior quando comparado com a testemunha sem receber os bioestimulantes. No rendimento de grãos, a aplicação, por via foliar, em estádio V5 e R1 da soja do bioestimulante proporcionou aumento de até 75% em relação à testemunha. A desfolha no estádio R6 a nível de 99% é a mais prejudicial, reduzindo o potencial produtivo da soja.
Coração de atleta: efeito do destreinamento físico - relato de caso
Authors: Petto Jefferson , Santos Indiana Jesus , Silva Wasly Santana , Sacramento Marvyn de Santana do
Published: September 2022

Introdução: Não está bem estabelecido na literatura se o remodelamento miocárdico provocado pelo treinamento físico pode causar predisposição a alterações metabólicas negativas e se um Programa de Destreinamento Físico Orientado (PDFO) pode reverter as adaptações cardíacas sem deprimir a capacidade funcional. Diante disso, o objetivo desse relato de caso é descrever os impactos de um PDFO sobre as características estruturais, elétricas e capacidade funcional de um praticante de maratona com Coração de Atleta. Descrição do caso: Sexo masculino, 60 anos, 160cm de altura, 53kg, assintomático, corredor de provas endurance. Realizava treinamentos atingindo em média 80 a 120Km por semana, mais a constante participação em competições aos domingos. Após exames laboratoriais, teste ergométrico convencional e ecodopplercardiograma foram constatadas alterações cardíacas compatíveis com Coração de Atleta, onde o desejou reverter as adaptações sem perder a capacidade funcional. Iniciou-se em abril de 2019 o PDFO com duração de oito meses. Resultados: Diminuição do Diâmetro Sistólico Final Esquerdo 36vs30mm, Espessura do Septo Interventricular 10vs08mm, Sobrecarga Ventricular (Índice de Cornell) 31vs26mm, aumento da Fração de Ejeção 55vs74%, VO2pico 53vs77% e massa corpórea 53vs64%. Conclusão: Os resultados, levantam a hipótese de que o PDFO é capaz de minimizar e reverter alterações estruturais cardíaca e eletrocardiográficas de indivíduos com coração de atleta, sem impactar negativamente na capacidade funcional.
A paisagem urbana degenerada:fragmentos fotográficos, signos da cidade
Authors: Lima Fábio
Published: September 2022

No âmbito social as percepções resultam de demoradas operações de treinamento e de uma disciplina que não se interrompe. A cidade parece ser percebida pelo paradigma do excesso, da saturação, onde o olhar deve estar preparado para muitos estímulos, muitas possibilidades de desvendar significados. O artigo se envereda pela busca desses significados urbanos a partir de diversos registros fotográficos, cujas abordagens teóricas são recontextualizadas sobre um problema específico e os parâmetros de observação baseados num método claramente antidedutivo. São registradas facetas humanas complexas, difíceis, assim como lugares degenerados, associados ao estrago e à deterioração. Os espaços marginais usados por moradores em situação de rua, edifícios abandonados onde reúnem-se usuários de drogas, ou ainda os redutos das práticas libertinas, cada um ao seu modo, causam uma corrupção da paisagem. As várias arquiteturas e os tantos outros lugares integrantes da paisagem urbana não se constituem como elementos isolados, e a eles são possíveis atribuir sentidos (de usos, de experiências, de signos evocativos pelos fragmentos remanescentes, etc.) a partir das pessoas que emprestam distintos ânimos a esses espaços, do corpo social heterogêneo, dessa tão complexa diversidade. Nos vários tipos de comportamentos e vivências, aparecem relações humanas complexas no cenário urbano com atmosfera carregada, contrastes observados na espreita singular de um mundo específico e suas sombras, lugares marcados de forma mais obscura, com certa decrepitude.
Gestantes de alto risco: a pré-eclâmpsia, mortalidade materna e perinatal
Authors: Cristiano Julia Maria Reis , Pires Aline das Graças , Motta Ana Letícia Carnevalli , Tavares Luana da Silva , Gonçalves Liliane Resende
Published: September 2022

Objetivo do estudo: No Brasil a hipertensão gestacional ocupa o segundo lugar no ranking de mortalidade materna e perinatal, diante disto, este estudo tem o objetivo de apresentar a pré-eclâmpsia responsável pela mortalidade materna e perinatal, pela compreensão, investigação e identificação precoce do diagnóstico. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura por meio da coleta dos artigos científicos realizada no mês de março – abril de 2022, a partir dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados e Discussões: É fundamental o acompanhamento precoce da gestante, principalmente quando apresenta critérios que a caracterizam com uma gestante de alto risco, e o enfermeiro deve ser capacitado para acolher, orientar e monitorar as gestantes. Conclusão: Por meio deste estudo, conclui-se que infelizmente a realidade brasileira aponta para um número importante de óbitos maternos por pré-eclâmpsia, por outro lado, ressalta a importância do trabalho da enfermagem neste campo de atuação, fazendo diferença para proporcionar um parto seguro.
A prática dos docentes de língua portuguesa na interculturalidade dos alunos do sistema modular de ensino médio do estado do Amapá – Brasil
Authors: Isacksson Ivonete
Published: September 2022

Na atual era de globalização, um dos problemas que dificultam a postura da prática docente é o medo de mudar, é a comodidade com que a grande maioria dos docentes desenvolverem sua prática, repetindo metodologias ultrapassadas, se recursam a acompanhar os novos paradigmas. Na escola, o aluno vive num mundo em constante evolução, com as dinâmicas e complexidades de um sujeito em desenvolvimento, com características únicas, implicados, sobretudo, com as tramas relacionais, num contexto social em que convivem família e comunidade, influenciada pelo meio social, por valores pessoais, e um ambiente físico, geográfico e histórico que não podem ser dissociados de sua existência. Os alunos na escola convivem em um mundo social, permeado de exigências de toda ordem. A perspectiva intercultural da educação, aposta no reconhecimento da complexidade da educação, questionando os aspectos centralizadores, monoculturais do currículo nos instigando a pensar sobre os múltiplos aspectos de forma radical. Não mais é possível considerar as diferenças culturais de maneira superficial, trivializada, somos desafiados a pensar o currículo a partir do chão da escola considerando todas as diferenças que a constituem. Não faz sentido, num mundo de globalização e numa sociedade multicultural, continuar a veicular uma educação monocultural, o que faz sentido é que a escola reconheça, a existência de diferentes manifestações culturais e se predisponha a conhecê-las, tomando-as como ponto de partida para as aprendizagens e como meio de enriquecimento de cada um e de todos.
O trabalho pedagógico no ensino remoto emergencial: a experiência de professoras da Secretaria da Educação do Distrito Federal
Authors: Silva Eliane Costa da
Published: September 2022

A presente pesquisa expõe as experiências de docentes que atuaram durante a o desenvolvimento do Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE), modalidade adotada para manter o contato com os estudantes que estão em isolamento social devido às medidas restritivas oriundas da pandemia. Analisa o trabalho pedagógico mediado pelas Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação no ensino fundamental I - anos iniciais na educação pública no Distrito Federal (DF) e esforça-se em pontuar alguns aspectos subjetivos das participantes. Por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória e permeada na epistemologia qualitativa, estudam-se as mudanças ocorridas no ensino durante a pandemia do Coronavírus. Dividido em três categorias: Plataformas digitais e os desafios das estratégias pedagógicas no ERE. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam a importância da formação continuada e o amparo pedagógico aos docentes, assim como, a necessidade de suporte tecnológicos aos estudantes e políticas públicas voltada para o atendimento aos mais vulneráveis na sociedade. Conclui-se que há necessidade de maior amparo aos docentes quanto às subjetividades individual e social, pois ambas influenciam de maneira fundamental as suas práticas pedagógicas. A ênfase nos aspectos subjetivos é preponderante para que os professores possam lidar com as situações adversas e as dificuldades cotidianas do ambiente educacional.
Educação inclusiva durante a pandemia: desafios e dificuldades nas escolas públicas de ensino fundamental do município de Natal – RN
Authors: Valcacio Luiz Antonio , De Souza Pedro Ramon Pinheiro
Published: September 2022

Esta dissertação aborda a interface educação e tecnologias digitais frente ao contexto pandêmico causado pelo novo coronavírus a partir da visão de 10 (dez) professores de escolas públicas de Natal no RN. A pandemia da Covid-19 ocasionou a suspensão das aulas nos espaços escolares para bilhões de  estudantes, adoção  de  práticas  pedagógicas  organizadas  de  maneira  aligeirada  e  uma  apropriação  equivocada  dos  termos  ligados  à  EaD. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar a contribuição da tecnologia para a inclusão de crianças com deficiência na educação infantil durante a pandemia (Covid19). Objetivos Específicos: conhecer as repercussões da Pandemia da Covid-19 sobre as aulas; investigar, na fala de 10 (dez) professores de escolas públicas de Natal o trato com o aluno com deficiência a partir do ensino remoto. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que as práticas docentes não foram efetivas no que diz respeito à qualidade do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, pois os estudantes com deficiência foram prejudicados em dois sentidos: ausência de instrumento tecnológico e não poder frequentar as salas de atendimento educacional especializado - AEE.
Programa de Gestão de Crônicos: resultados clínicos e de uso de serviços de saúde em um plano de autogestão
Authors: Oliveira Jose Diniz de , Emmerick Isabel Cristina Martins , Ribeiro José Mendes , Luiza Vera Lucia
Published: September 2022

Objetivou-se analisar efeitos em resultados clínicos-laboratoriais e no uso de serviços de saúde nos beneficiários do Programa Viver Melhor (PVM). Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo de coorte aberta, abrangendo 253 indivíduos com pelo menos 12 meses consecutivos de participação no PVM no período 2014 a 2018. Dados foram obtidos do sistema da empresa contratada para gestão do PVM e do sistema de informações administrativas da operadora de autogestão. Houve melhora no controle pressórico, com redução da proporção de hipertensos não controlados de 11,2% a 8,6% e no controle lipêmico (LDL-Colesterol), com indivíduos com valores desejável e ótimo passando de 82,5% a 85,7%. Os diabéticos com bom nível de controle (A1C) caiu de 64,0 a 58,0% e a proporção de obesos aumentou 0,1%. Houve aumento na variação percentual da taxa PM/PM (por membro/por mês) de internação hospitalar (21,7%) e no uso de pronto-socorro (41,3%) na população geral do programa e 10,5% e 39,1%, respectivamente, nos muitos idosos. Os parâmetros clínicos analisados se mantiveram estáveis e os indicadores de uso de serviço de saúde apresentaram piora, com aumento de idas a emergência e internações. Assim, não se comprovou a premissa de que a intervenção efetuada tenha mitigado os riscos de piora promovendo o autocontrole sobre a própria doença.
Educação especial e inclusão: um relato docente
Authors: Fonseca Wiglainy Samidra Dantas , De Souza Pedro Ramon Pinheiro
Published: September 2022

Este artigo aborda a temática da educação especial. Tem por objetivo geral analisar as concepções do gestor e docentes da Escola Pública Municipal Professora Dalva de Oliveira – Natal – RN, em relação à formação para o atendimento aos estudantes com deficiência. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar as políticas públicas educacionais voltadas para alunos com deficiência; 2. Analisar as vozes do gestor e docentes sobre sua formação para o processo de inclusão do aluno com deficiência. Para consubstanciar a investigação, utilizamos metodologicamente os procedimentos da pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental, entrevista semiestruturada, grupo focal e análise de conteúdo. Para analisar os dados, discutimos a concepção de educação especial que fundamenta as políticas públicas no cerne da conquista de direitos constituídos no século XX. Quanto aos resultados, constatamos que não existem recursos que possam ser usados como instrumentos para melhorar a aprendizagem de estudantes com deficiência na escola objeto da pesquisa. Associado às dificuldades no que concerne às condições escolares, as condições pessoais (formação acadêmica que não qualifica especificamente para a educação especial e o preconceito) implicam em limitações em compreender como trabalhar com esses estudantes.
Manifestações de planejamento urbano em assentamentos de reforma agrária no estado do Amapá
Authors: Pinto Jacyguara Costa , Santos Ieda Gomes da Silva , de Souza Michel Belo , Quaresma Onitis Souza , Feitosa Wladimir Nascimento
Published: September 2022

O objetivo do artigo foi analisar as possíveis manifestações de planejamento urbano em assentamentos de reforma agrária no estado do Amapá. A metodologia adotou a pesquisa bibliográfica, sob o enfoque da abordagem descritiva de natureza qualitativa, as fontes, através da seleção de artigos cientificos na base de pesquisa do Google Acadêmico, sendo selecionados estudos que tivessem sido publicados na ultima década. Os resultados abordaram brevemente a perspectiva das evoluções da reforma agrária no Brasil; analisaram a perspectiva conceitual e histórica do planejamento urbano nas cidades brasileiras; identificar manifestações de planejamento urbano em assentamentos de reforma agrária no estado do Amapá. Por fim, concluiu-se que nos assentamentos do Estado do Amapá não há manifestações de planejamento urbano, mas a participação da gestão e sua organização pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização da Reforma Agrária (INCRA) e pelo Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Amapá (RURAP), sendo: áreas predominantes de pequenas unidades familiares, que utilizam a terra com a práticas agrícolas e extrativismo. Não se identifica políticas de planejamento urbano pois o orgao de controle não enquadrou os assentamentos como cidades, mas um Plano de Utilização (PU), um “regulamento” para o uso de áreas historicamente ocupadas e que já possuem formas próprias de apropriação e utilização dos recursos naturais. Esse Plano representa uma gestão inovadora feita entre a Associação local e conselho deliberativo, e o Incra como último ente.