bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mother–child interactions in young children with excessive physical aggression and in typically developing young children
Authors: Urbain-Gauthier Nadine , Wendland Jaqueline
Published: April 2017

Background:

Among the multiple risk factors, the emergence of conduct problems in young children may be linked to harsh parenting and child’s temperamental difficulties, leading to a reciprocal early discordant relationship. Little is known about the characteristics of early parent–child interactions in young children with physical aggression.

Objective:

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the characteristics of mother–child interactions in dyads referred for excessive physical aggression in young children under 5 years of age compared to mother–child interactions in typically developing young children.

Method:

Mother–child interactions were assessed during a free-play session in both a clinical sample ( N = 70, child mean age  = 3.5 years) and a nonclinical sample ( N = 80, child mean age  = 3.5 years) by using the Rating Scale of Interaction Style (Clark and Seifer, adapted by Molitor and Mayes).

Results:

Significant differences were found between several interactive features in clinical and nonclinical dyads. In clinical dyads, mothers’ behaviors were often characterized by intrusiveness and criticism toward children, and poor facilitative positioning. Children with excessive aggressive behavior often displayed poor communication, initiation of bids, and poor responsiveness toward the mother. They displayed fewer sustained bouts of play than typically developing children did. In clinical dyads, strong positive correlations were found between child responsiveness and maternal interest in engagement ( r = .41, p < .001), while the child displaying sustained bouts of play was negatively correlated with the mother’s attempts to intrude on the child’s activity ( r = .64, p < .05).

Conclusions:

These data show that children with excessive aggressive behavior develop disrupted mother–infant interactions from a very young age. Several negative interactive features and correlations between child behavior and maternal behavior were found in clinical samples. The effects of these features add up and probably strengthen each other, thus leading to interactive difficulties from a very young age. More attention should be paid to early parent–child interactions in case of child behavioral problems. The recognition of these interactive dysfunctions is discussed in terms of clinical implications for therapeutic interventions.
Algebraic-logical meta-model based approach for scheduling manufacturing problem with defects removal
Authors: Kucharska Edyta , Grobler-Dębska Katarzyna , Rączka Krzysztof
Published: April 2017

The article deals with a formal approach to solving manufacturing problem with defects removal and presents the application of this approach to flow-shop system with defects. The defects are detected during quality control and thus they are unexpected events. Moreover, a job processing time is not predetermined, and it may contain the unknown time needed to repair. Therefore, stochastic uncertainties are considered, but in addition, we model the process of decision making. The algebraic-logical meta-model methodology constitutes the basis for our approach. A hybrid algorithm for constructing a solution based on the process simulation using special local optimizing task and algebraic-logical models switching when defect detection occurs is presented. In particular, the following elements of the presented approach are shown: disturbances type analyzing, definition of switching states set, definition of subproblems, algebraic-logical meta-models creating for all subproblems, switching types determining, determination of the switching rules, the switching function, and components of special local criterion definition. The article shows results of computer experiments.
Study on the basic characteristics of a noncontact air conveyor for large glass sheets
Authors: Zhong Wei , Gu Xiaoyu , Li Xin , Kagawa Toshiharu
Published: April 2017

Recently, the development of displays requires large, thin glass substrates, and air film conveyors equipped with porous pads have been developed to transport the substrates in a noncontact state. In this study, a contactless air film system with aligned porous pads is proposed. Experiments and analysis of its basic characteristics are conducted. First, it is confirmed that the flow rate characteristics of the porous pads can be represented by a modified Forchheimer equation with the determined permeability and inertial coefficient. Then, a theoretical model based on the Reynolds equation is established to analyze the film pressure distribution. The results indicate a parabola-like shape distributed along the radial direction in the porous area and an approximately linear curve in the periphery area. Furthermore, the experimental results indicate that the bearing force and static stiffness increase if the clearance decreased with a given flow rate. Finally, a numerical calculation performed by solving the coupling equation of elasticity and the modified Reynolds equation shows an approximate quadratic shape in the deformation, and the experimental results supported this to a certain extent.
Analytical and experimental study on sealing contact characteristics of subsea collet connectors
Authors: Yun Feihong , Wang Liquan , Yao Shaoming , Liu Jun , Liu Tong , Wang Renhua
Published: April 2017

The mathematical model of the contact stress is established based on the theory of Hertz contact with the assumption that the contact of a seal gasket and hubs of collet connectors is cylindrical. The mechanical models of the seal are established separately by sealing theory in the preloading and operating modes, and the relationships between the preload, the contact stress, and the sealing width are obtained. The relationships of structural parameters and the preload are analyzed and verified with finite element simulation and experiments. An experimental system has been designed and experiments have been conducted to verify the analytical models. Finite element simulation results and experimental results agree with analytical ones very well and the differences of the preload and sealing width are acceptable.
Features of bicycle abreast riding and its application in bicycle facility operating evaluation and design optimization
Authors: Yan Xingchen , Zhu Li , Chen Jun , Wang Tao , Ye Xiaofei
Published: April 2017

This article aims to measure bicycle facility operating state based on the survey and analysis of bicycles’ abreast riding. We conducted a detailed bicycle operating investigation consisting of four exclusive bicycle paths in Nanjing, China, and introduced an approach to extract the data of bicycle abreast riding from bicycle arrival data. Then, the relationships between bicycle volume and bicycle group size, abreast riding number, lateral clearance, and path width occupancy were discussed. In the end, we compared passing event, macro bicycle flow parameter, and single riding ratio in representing a cyclist’s individual comfort, suitability, and difficulty to data acquisition. The results and conclusions we obtained are as follows: (1) bicycle group size, abreast riding, and path width availability keep a positive correlation with bicycle volume, respectively, while single riding proportion and lateral clearance have a negative relationship with it. (2) Bicycle single riding proportion is a better parameter reflecting bicycle level of service from an objective perspective. We first studied bicycle abreast riding from a vantage point of bicycle group. Single riding proportion offers bicycle facility appraisers another possible choice to assess bicycle level of service. Path width occupancy is very useful in optimizing bicycle facility.
How combining framing strategies affects human rights micromobilization
Authors: McEntire Kyla Jo , Leiby Michele , Krain Matthew
Published: April 2017

Human rights organizations (HROs) frame advocacy campaigns in order to shape individuals’ values and mobilize them to act. While previous work has examined some commonly used HRO frames, we know little about how they work as most often utilized—in combination. In this experiment, participants were randomly assigned either to a control group or to treatment groups shown campaigns against sleep deprivation during interrogation featuring frames used alone or in combination. We find that effects of personal frames on action mobilization are not mitigated by the inclusion of other frames, and that human rights campaigns with multiple frames yield outcomes that are neither better nor worse than a single personal narrative of human suffering. HROs should be able to use multiple frames in combination as needed without concern.
Biological Effects and Clinical Applications of Dwarf Elder (Sambucus ebulus L): A Review
Authors: Jabbari Marzie , Daneshfard Babak , Emtiazy Majid , Khiveh Ali , Hashempur Mohammad Hashem
Published: April 2017

Dwarf elder ( Sambucus ebulus L) is one of the best known medicinal herbs since ancient times. In view of its benefits as a widely applicable phytomedicine, it is still used in folk medicine of different parts of the world. In addition to its nutritional values, dwarf elder contains different phytochemicals among which flavonoids and lectins are responsible for most of its therapeutic effects. Dwarf elder has been used for different ailments including: joint pains, cold, wounds, and infections. Nevertheless, recent evidence has revealed its potentials for making attempts at treating cancer and metabolic disorders. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive description of dwarf elder regarding its traditional uses and modern findings which may contribute to the development of novel natural-based therapeutic agents.
Predictors of Postschool Education/Training and Employment Outcomes for Youth With Disabilities
Authors: Prince Angela M. T. , Hodge Janie , Bridges William C. , Katsiyannis Antonis
Published: April 2017

Youth with disabilities have consistently poor postschool engagement outcomes in employment and postsecondary education and training. At least once every 6 years, states are required to submit a State Performance Plan in which they report performance on the progress of students with disabilities (20 U.S.C. 1416(b)(1)). Indicator 14 requires states to collect postschool outcome data 1 year after students exit high school. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the impact of student-, school-, district-level, and combined (student + school + district) factors on engagement outcomes for youth with high incidence disabilities across 3 years. Findings from logistic regression analyses indicate that student-level, district-level, and combined factors were significant in predicting postschool outcomes of employment and postsecondary education.
The Pedicles Are Not the Densest Regions of the Lumbar Vertebrae: Implications for Bone Quality Assessment and Surgical Treatment Strategy
Authors: Hohn Eric A. , Chu Bryant , Martin Audrey , Yu Elizabeth , Telles Connor , Leasure Jeremi , Lynch Tennyson L. , Kondrashov Dimitriy
Published: April 2017

Study Design:

Cadaver study.

Objective:

To determine the bone density of lumbar vertebral anatomic subregions. Bone mineral density (BMD) is a major factor in osseous fixation construct strength. The standard region for implant fixation of the spine is the pedicle; however, other regions may be more viable options with higher bone quality.

Methods:

Using computed tomography images, the spine was digitally isolated by applying a filter for adult bone. The spine model was separated into 5 lumbar vertebrae, followed by segmentation of each vertebra into 7 regions and determination of average Hounsfield units (HU). HU was converted to BMD with calibration phantoms of known BMD.

Results:

Overall mean BMD in vertebral regions ranged from 172 to 393 mg/cm3 with the highest and lowest BMD in the lamina and vertebral body, respectively. Vertebral regions formed 3 distinct groups ( P < .03). The vertebral body and transverse processes represent one group with significantly lower BMD than other regions. Spinous process, pedicles, and superior articular processes represent a second group with moderate BMD. Finally, inferior articular process (IAP) and lamina represent a third group with significantly higher BMD than other regions.

Conclusions:

Standard lumbar fusion currently uses the vertebral body and pedicles as primary locations for fixation despite their relatively low BMD. Utilization of posterior elements, especially the lamina and IAP, may be advantageous as a supplement to modern constructs or the primary site for fixation, possibly mitigating construct failures due to loosening or pullout.
Communication Preferences of Business-to-Business Buyers for Receiving Initial Sales Messages: A Comparison of Media Channel Selection Theories
Authors: Anders Abram D. , Coleman Joshua T. , Castleberry Stephen B.
Published: April 2017

Recent research on media channel selection theories has called for studies exploring communication in interorganizational business relationships and for specific work functions. The present study addresses this need through an exploration of buyer-seller communication practices in business-to-business contexts. Based on a survey of buyers, it offers a comparison of e-mail and voice mail with an emphasis on preferences for initial or cold call sales messages. The study design compares the explanatory power of three prominent theories of media channel selection: media richness theory, channel expansion theory, and media synchronicity theory. Results indicate that e-mail and voice mail/phone are the most frequently used media channels for business-to-business sales communication. Buyers preferred to receive initial messages from new salespeople by e-mail. Voice mail and phone are preferred for specific processes in established relationships, including conflict resolution, negotiations, and relationship building. Of the three theoretical models, media synchronicity theory offered the most thorough and robust account of buyer media preferences and channel selection rationales. Congruent with the expectations of media synchronicity theory, buyers preferred e-mail for communication processes characterized by the conveyance of information due to its capabilities for information processing. In particular, buyers preferred the higher parallelism of e-mail—including its capabilities for engaging in multiple conversations simultaneously—as it supported multitasking working styles.
Expectations Regarding Aging, Physical Activity, and Physical Function in Older Adults
Authors: Breda Aili I. , Watts Amber S.
Published: April 2017

Objective: The present study examined how expectations regarding aging (ERA) influence physical activity participation and physical function. Method: We surveyed 148 older adults about their ERA (ERA-38), health-promoting lifestyles (HPLP-II), and self-rated health (RAND-36). We tested the mediating effect of physical activity on the relationships between ERA and physical function. Results: Positive expectations were associated with more engagement in physical activity ( B = 0.016, p < .05) and better physical function ( B = 0.521, p < .01). Physical activity mediated the relationship between ERA and physical function ( B = 5.890, p < .01, indirect effect 0.092, CI = [0.015, 0.239]). Discussion: ERA play an important role in adoption of physically active lifestyles in older adults and may influence health outcomes, such as physical function. Future research should evaluate whether attempts to increase physical activity are more successful when modifications to ERA are also targeted.
China’s Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction: Human Security Challenges in a Time of Climate Change
Authors: Renwick Neil
Published: April 2017

Natural disasters strike at people’s lives across the world but hit underdeveloped countries and societies’ poorest hardest. Those living in the Asia-Pacific region are significantly more likely to experience natural disaster than those in any other part of the world. China is one of the most exposed to natural disasters, with a long history of devastating events and remains at high risk. China has undertaken major disaster risk reduction (DRR) reforms. Importantly, China is also increasingly committed to international cooperation over DRR within a Sendai Framework. Adopting a Human Security perspective, this article explains and critically evaluates China’s DRR reforms. It highlights China’s increased willingness to collaborate with international agencies over knowledge exchange and capacity building to improve its domestic DRR and contribute to the international DRR system. The study argues that China’s reforms are a work in progress, but demonstrating improvement. It argues that China’s expressed wish for closer international DRR cooperation is a new opportunity to mainstream China and it is incumbent on the international community and Chinese Government to build on emerging collaboration and grasp this long-overdue opportunity.
Family reintegration of homeless in Maputo and Matola: a descriptive study
Authors: Gouveia Lídia , Massanganhe Honório , Mandlate Flávio , Mabunda Dirceu , Fumo Wilza , Mocumbi Ana Olga , de Jesus Mari Jair
Published: April 2017

Background

Homelessness is a global and local social problem with underestimated prevalence. It has been shown to increase the risk of mental illness, raising concerns from mental health providers about the need for effective interventions targeting this population.

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to describe the mental health status of the homeless people in two urban setting in a low-income country, through using standardised clinical and socio-demographic assessments as well assessing potential predictors of family integration versus non-family integration among a group of homeless individuals receiving psychiatric and psychosocial treatment.

Methods

A descriptive study was performed in Maputo and Matola cities between 2008 and 2010. Homeless people with apparent mental illness were mapped and recruited. The participants were referred from community to hospital, using a multidisciplinary treatment model, according to their clinical condition and later entered a family reintegration process.

Results

Seventy-one homeless people were recruited (93.0% male; 80.3% unemployed). The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia and other psychosis (46; 64.8%), followed by mental and behaviour disorder related to substance misuse (21; 29.6%), and intellectual disability (4; 5.6%). Family reintegration was achieved for 53.5% (38 patients). Patients with intellectual disability were less reintegrated and those with disorders related to substance use had better reinsertion in their families (Chi square
(2)
 = 6.1; p = 0.047).

Conclusions

Family reintegration was achieved in more than half of participants after hospitalization. Integration was higher in cases of substance misuse, with those with associated intellectual disability being more difficult to reintegrate.

Trial registration Trial Registration Number: NCT02936141, date of registration: 14/10/2016, retrospectively registered.
Ankle and toe muscle strength characteristics in runners with a history of medial tibial stress syndrome
Authors: Saeki Junya , Nakamura Masatoshi , Nakao Sayaka , Fujita Kosuke , Yanase Ko , Morishita Katsuyuki , Ichihashi Noriaki
Published: April 2017

Background

A high proportion of flexor digitorum longus attachment is found at the posteromedial border of the tibia, which is the most common location of medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS). Therefore, plantar flexion strength of the lesser toes could be related to MTSS; however, the relationship between MTSS and muscle strength of the hallux and lesser toes is not yet evaluated due to the lack of quantitative methods. This study investigated the muscle strength characteristics in runners with a history of MTSS by using a newly developed device to measure the muscle strength of the hallux, lesser toes, and ankle.

Methods

This study comprised 27 collegiate male runner participants (20.0 ± 1.6 years, 172.1 ± 5.1 cm, 57.5 ± 4.0 kg). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque of the plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion of the ankle were measured by using an electric dynamometer. MVIC torque of the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) and 2nd–5th MTPJ were measured by using a custom‐made torque‐measuring device. MVIC torques were compared between runners with and without a history of MTSS.

Results

MVIC torque of the 1st MTPJ plantar flexion was significantly higher in runners with a history of MTSS than in those without it. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the MVIC torque values of the 2nd–5th MTPJ plantar flexion and each MVIC torque of the ankle between runners with and without a history of MTSS.

Conclusion

A history of MTSS increased the isometric FHL strength.
Gestational vitamin D deficiency and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Vinkhuyzen Anna A. E. , Eyles Darryl W. , Burne Thomas H. J. , Blanken Laura M. E. , Kruithof Claudia J. , Verhulst Frank , White Tonya , Jaddoe Vincent W. , Tiemeier Henning , McGrath John J.
Published: April 2017

Background

There is growing interest in linking vitamin D deficiency with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The association between vitamin D deficiency during gestation, a critical period in neurodevelopment, and ASD is not well understood.

Aims

To determine the association between gestational vitamin D status and ASD.

Method

Based on a birth cohort (n=4334), we examined the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), assessed from both maternal mid-gestation sera and neonatal sera, and ASD (defined by clinical records; n=68 cases).

Results

Individuals in the 25OHD-deficient group at mid-gestation had more than twofold increased risk of ASD (odds ratio (OR)=2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 5.07, P=0.03) compared with the sufficient group. The findings persisted in analyses including children of European ethnicity only.

Conclusions

Mid-gestational vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of ASD. Because gestational vitamin D deficiency is readily preventable with safe, inexpensive and readily available supplementation, this risk factor warrants closer scrutiny.
Traceback: A Proposed Framework to Increase Identification and Genetic Counseling of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers Through Family-Based Outreach
Authors: Samimi Goli , Bernardini Marcus Q. , Brody Lawrence C. , Caga-anan Charlisse F. , Campbell Ian G. , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Couch Fergus J. , Dean Michael , de Hullu Joanne A. , Domchek Susan M. , Drapkin Ronny , Spencer Feigelson Heather , Friedlander Michael , Gaudet Mia M. , Harmsen Marline G. , Hurley Karen , James Paul A. , Kwon Janice S. , Lacbawan Felicitas , Lheureux Stephanie , Mai Phuong L. , Mechanic Leah E. , Minasian Lori M. , Myers Evan R. , Robson Mark E. , Ramus Susan J. , Rezende Lisa F. , Shaw Patricia A. , Slavin Thomas P. , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Takenaka Masataka , Bowtell David D. , Sherman Mark E.
Published: April 2017

In May 2016, the Division of Cancer Prevention and the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, convened a workshop to discuss a conceptual framework for identifying and genetically testing previously diagnosed but unreferred patients with ovarian cancer and other unrecognized BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers to improve the detection of families at risk for breast or ovarian cancer. The concept, designated Traceback, was prompted by the recognition that although BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are frequent in women with ovarian cancer, many such women have not been tested, especially if their diagnosis predated changes in testing guidelines. The failure to identify mutation carriers among probands represents a lost opportunity to prevent cancer in unsuspecting relatives through risk-reduction intervention in mutation carriers and to provide appropriate reassurances to noncarriers. The Traceback program could provide an important opportunity to reach families from racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups who historically have not sought or been offered genetic counseling and testing and thereby contribute to a reduction in health disparities in women with germline BRCA mutations. To achieve an interdisciplinary perspective, the workshop assembled international experts in genetics, medical and gynecologic oncology, clinical psychology, epidemiology, genomics, cost-effectiveness modeling, pathology, bioethics, and patient advocacy to identify factors to consider when undertaking a Traceback program. This report highlights the workshop deliberations with the goal of stimulating research and providing a framework for pilot studies to assess the feasibility and ethical and logistical considerations related to the development of best practices for implementation of Traceback studies.
Anthracyclines in Early Breast Cancer: The ABC Trials—USOR 06-090, NSABP B-46-I/USOR 07132, and NSABP B-49 (NRG Oncology)
Authors: Blum Joanne L. , Flynn Patrick J. , Yothers Greg , Asmar Lina , Geyer Charles E. , Jacobs Samuel A. , Robert Nicholas J. , Hopkins Judith O. , O'Shaughnessy Joyce A. , Dang Chau T. , Gómez Henry Leonidas , Fehrenbacher Louis , Vukelja Svetislava J. , Lyss Alan P. , Paul Devchand , Brufsky Adam M. , Jeong Jong-Hyeon , Colangelo Linda H. , Swain Sandra M. , Mamounas Eleftherios P. , Jones Stephen E. , Wolmark Norman
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC) was superior to doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) in a trial in early breast cancer. However, activity of TC relative to AC regimens with a taxane (TaxAC) is unknown.

Methods

In a series of three adjuvant trials, women were randomly assigned to TC for six cycles (TC6) or to a standard TaxAC regimen. US Oncology Research (USOR) 06-090 compared TC6 with docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC6). National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-46-I/USOR 07132 compared TC6, TAC6, or TC6 plus bevacizumab. NSABP B-49 compared TC6 with several standard AC and taxane combination regimens. Before any analysis of individual trials, a joint efficacy analysis of TC versus the TaxAC regimens was planned, with invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) as the primary end point. Patients who received TC6 plus bevacizumab on NSABP B-46-I/USOR 07132 were not included. A hazard ratio (HR) from a stratified Cox model that exceeded 1.18 for TC6 versus TaxAC was predefined as inferiority for TC6. The prespecified interim monitoring plan was to report for futility if the HR was > 1.18 when 334 IDFS events were observed (50% of 668 events required for definitive analysis).

Results

A total of 2,125 patients were randomly assigned to receive TC6 regimens and 2,117 patients were randomly assigned to receive TaxAC regimens. The median follow-up time was 3.3 years. There were 334 IDFS events, and the HR for TC6 versus TaxAC was 1.202 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.49), which triggered early reporting for futility. The 4-year IDFS was 88.2% for TC6 and was 90.7% for TaxAC ( P = .04). Tests for treatment interaction by protocol, hormone receptor status, and nodal status were negative.

Conclusion

The TaxAC regimens improved IDFS in patients with high-risk human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer compared with the TC6 regimen.
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II Colon Cancer: A Clinical Dilemma
Authors: Kannarkatt Joseph , Joseph Joe , Kurniali Peter C. , Al-Janadi Anas , Hrinczenko Borys
Published: April 2017

The decision to treat a patient with stage II colon cancer with adjuvant chemotherapy can be challenging. Although the benefit of treatment is clear in most patients with stage III disease, the decision to provide chemotherapy after surgical resection in stage II disease must be made on an individual basis. Several trials have demonstrated the small but absolute benefits of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer for disease-free survival and overall survival. In an attempt to better understand the role of chemotherapy, several studies were performed that identified high-risk characteristics that can be used prognostically and predictively to aid in the clinical decision making process. ASCO, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and the European Society of Medical Oncology have published guidelines describing these high-risk characteristics. Since then, several other molecular markers have emerged that may offer more information on a given patient’s risk for recurrence. The decision to treat a patient with stage II colon cancer must be made on an individual basis, considering the risks and benefits of treatment. In this short review, we will present the available evidence and offer possible directions for future study.
Biomarkers for Selection of Therapy for Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Bernicker Eric H. , Miller Ross A. , Cagle Phillip T.
Published: April 2017

To suggest that the discovery of targetable driver mutations in many patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung has completely transformed the work-up and therapeutic options for this disease would not be hyperbole. Although not curative, small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors directed at oncogene-addicted tumors have led to significantly improved response rates compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy, with often manageable toxicities and better tolerance. However, the absence of reliable clinical predictors has made molecular testing essential to ensure that patients receive the proper medical management. We outline the many recent advances with regard to diagnosis and treatment of oncogene-addicted advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer.
Treatment Satisfaction and Adherence to Oral Chemotherapy in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Jacobs Jamie M. , Pensak Nicole A. , Sporn Nora J. , MacDonald James J. , Lennes Inga T. , Safren Steven A. , Pirl William F. , Temel Jennifer S. , Greer Joseph A.
Published: April 2017

Purpose:

Although patients with cancer overwhelming prefer oral to intravenous chemotherapy, little is known about adherence to oral agents. We aimed to identify the rates and correlates of adherence in patients with diverse malignancies.

Materials and Methods:

Ninety patients with chronic myeloid leukemia or metastatic renal cell carcinoma, non–small-cell lung cancer, or breast cancer enrolled in this prospective, single-group, observational study of medication-taking behaviors. Adherence was measured via self-report and with an electronic pill cap (Medication Event Monitoring System cap). Patients completed surveys regarding symptom distress, mood, quality of life, cancer-specific distress, and satisfaction with clinician communication and treatment at baseline and 12-week follow-up.

Results:

As measured by the Medication Event Monitoring System, patients took, on average, 89.3% of their prescribed oral chemotherapy over the 12 weeks. One quarter of the sample was less than 90% adherent, and women were more adherent than men (mean difference, 9.59%; SE difference, 4.50%; 95% CI, −18.65 to −0.52; P = .039). Improvements in patient symptom distress (B = −0.79; 95% CI, −1.41 to −0.18), depressive symptoms (B = –1.57; 95% CI, –2.86 to –0.29), quality of life (B = 0.38; 95% CI ,0.07 to 0.68), satisfaction with clinician communication and treatment (B = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.98), and perceived burden to others (B = −1.28; 95% CI, −2.20 to −0.37) were associated with better adherence. In a multivariate model, improved treatment satisfaction (B = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.94) and reduced perceived burden (B = −0.92; 95% CI, −1.76 to −0.09) were the strongest indicators of better adherence.

Conclusion:

Women and patients who reported increased treatment satisfaction and reduced burden to others were more adherent to oral chemotherapy. Interventions that help patients improve communication with clinicians and reduce burden may optimize oral chemotherapy adherence.
Effect of Vitamin D on Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Among Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Knutsen Kirsten V. , Madar Ahmed A. , Brekke Mette , Meyer Haakon E. , Eggemoen Åse Ruth , Mdala Ibrahimu , Lagerløv Per
Published: April 2017

Context:

Autoimmune thyroid disorders have been linked to vitamin D deficiency, but an effect of vitamin D supplementation is not established.

Objective:

Our objective was to test whether vitamin D compared with placebo could reduce thyroid autoantibodies.

Design:

Predefined additional analyses from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Setting:

The study was conducted in different community centers in Oslo, Norway.

Participants:

A total of 251 presumed healthy men and women, aged 18 to 50 years, with backgrounds from South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa were included.

Intervention:

Daily supplementation with 25 µg (1000 IU) vitamin D3, 10 µg (400 IU) vitamin D3, or placebo for 16 weeks.

Outcome Measure:

Difference in preintervention and postintervention antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels. Additional outcomes were differences in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free fraction of thyroxine (fT4).

Results:

There were no differences in change after 16 weeks on TPOAb (27 kU/L; 95% CI, −17 to 72; P = 0.23), TSH (−0.10 mU/L; 95% CI, −0.54 to 0.34; P = 0.65), or fT4 (0.09 pmol/L; 95% CI, −0.37 to 0.55; P = 0.70) between those receiving vitamin D supplementation or placebo. Mean serum 25(OH)D3 increased from 26 to 49 nmol/L in the combined supplementation group, but there was no change in the placebo group.

Conclusion:

Vitamin D3 supplementation, 25 µg or 10 µg, for 16 weeks compared with placebo did not affect TPOAb level in this randomized, double-blind study among participants with backgrounds from South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa who had low vitamin D levels at baseline.
Trehalose metabolism genes of Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in hypertonic osmotic pressure survival
Authors: Chen Qiaoli , Li Danlei , Wang Feng , Zhang Ruizhi , Ling Yaming
Published: April 2017

Some organisms can survive extreme desiccation caused by hypertonic osmotic pressure by entering a state of suspended animation known as osmobiosis. The free-living mycophagous nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi can be induced to enter osmobiosis by soaking in osmolytes. It is assumed that sugars (in particular trehalose) are instrumental for survival under environmental stress. In A. besseyi two putative trehalose-6-phosphate synthase genes (TPS) encode enzymes catalyzing trehalose synthesis and a putative trehalase genes (TRE) encodes enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of trehalose were identified and then characterized based on its transcriptome. RT-qPCR analyses showed that each of these genes is expressed as mRNA when A. besseyi is entering in, during and recovering from osmobiosis, but only for certain periods. The changes of TRE activity were consisted with the transcript level changes of TRE gene and the trehalose level declined a lot at certain periods when the nematodes were in osmobiosis as well as recovering from osmobiosis. Which suggested that the hydrolysis of threhalose is essential. The feeding method of RNA interference (RNAi) was used to temporarily knock down the expression of each of the TPS and TRE genes. No obviously different phenotype was observed from any of the genes silenced individually or simultaneously but the survival under hypertonic osmotic pressure reduced significantly and the recovery was delayed. These results indicated that trehalose metabolism genes should play a role in osmobiosis regulation and also function within a restricted time frame.
Do you see what I see? Optical morphology and visual capability of ‘disco’ clams (Ctenoides ales)
Authors: Dougherty Lindsey F. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Schobert Charles S. , Teixeira Leandro B. , Li Jingchun
Published: April 2017

The ‘disco’ clam Ctenoides ales (Finlay, 1927) is a marine bivalve that has a unique, vivid flashing display that is the result of light scattering by silica nanospheres and rapid mantle movement. The eyes of C. ales were examined to determine their visual capabilities and whether the clams can see the flashing of conspecifics. Similar to the congener C. scaber, C. ales exhibits an off-response (shadow reflex) and an on-response (light reflex). In field observations, a shadow caused a significant increase in flash rate from a mean of 3.9 Hz to 4.7 Hz (p=0.0016). In laboratory trials, a looming stimulus, which increased light intensity, caused a significant increase in flash rate from a median of 1.8 Hz to 2.2 Hz (p=0.0001). Morphological analysis of the eyes of C. ales revealed coarsely-packed photoreceptors lacking sophisticated structure, resulting in visual resolution that is likely too low to detect the flashing of conspecifics. As the eyes of C. ales are incapable of perceiving conspecific flashing, it is likely that their vision is instead used to detect predators.
Functional diversity of the lateral line system among populations of a native Australian freshwater fish
Authors: Spiller Lindsey , Grierson Pauline F. , Davies Peter M. , Hemmi Jan , Collin Shaun P. , Kelley Jennifer L.
Published: April 2017

Fishes use their mechanoreceptive lateral line system to sense nearby objects by detecting slight fluctuations in hydrodynamic motion within their immediate environment. Species of fishes from different habitats often display specialisations of the lateral line system, in particular the distribution and abundance of neuromasts, but the lateral line can also exhibit considerable diversity within a species. Here, we provide the first investigation of the lateral line system of the Australian western rainbowfish (Melanotaenia australis), a species that occupies a diversity of freshwater habitats across semi-arid northwest Australia. We collected 155 individuals from eight populations and surveyed each habitat for environmental factors that may contribute to lateral line specialisation, including water flow, predation risk, habitat structure, and prey availability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent dye labelling were used to describe the lateral line system in M. australis, and to examine whether the abundance and arrangement of superficial neuromasts (SNs) varied within and among populations. We found that the SNs of M. australis were present in distinct body regions rather than lines. The abundance of SNs within each body region was highly variable, and also differed among populations and individuals. Variation in SN abundance among populations was best explained by habitat structure and the availability of invertebrate prey. Our finding that specific environmental factors explain among-population variation in a key sensory system suggests that the ability to acquire sensory information is specialised for the particular behavioural needs of the animal.
GenRank: a R/Bioconductor package for prioritization of candidate genes
Authors: Kanduri Chakravarthi , Järvelä Irma
Published: April 2017

Modern high-throughput studies often yield long lists of genes, a fraction of which are of high relevance to the phenotype of interest. To prioritize the candidate genes of complex genetic traits, our R/Bioconductor package GenRank ranks genes based on convergent evidence obtained from multiple layers of independent evidence. We implemented three methods to rank genes that integrate gene-level data generated from multiple layers of evidence: (a) the convergent evidence (CE) method aggregates evidence based on a weighted vote counting method; (b) the rank product (RP) method performs a meta-analysis of microarray-based gene expression data, and (c) the traditional method combines p-values. The methods are implemented in R and are available as a package in the Bioconductor repository (http://bioconductor.org/packages/GenRank/).
Principles of ear nose and throat surgery for pregnant women
Authors: Baruah Paramita , Jasraj Kailey , Ahmad Ijaz
Published: April 2017

Management of the pregnant surgical patient is challenging. The surgical procedure is usually postponed until the postpartum period, although this may not be possible in emergency situations. This article highlights the optimal management of the pregnant woman requiring ear nose and throat surgery.
The doctors in training committee: a mechanism for change?
Authors: Minhas JS , Bains S , Hughes A , Kirtley J , Carr S
Published: April 2017

Medical engagement is increasingly important in ensuring that organizations deliver safe and effective patient care. The recent wave of encouragement for junior doctors to become ‘change agents’ is fundamental to embedding this culture. However, the mechanisms by which junior doctors engage in complex health-care systems are not well developed. The authors describe the process of setting up a doctors in training committee and its role in a large NHS trust as a way of improving junior doctor engagement.
Book Review
Authors: Whyte Fiona
Published: April 2017

The Forgotten Mourners: Guidelines for Working with Bereaved Children (2nd edn)

Susan C Smith

Jessica Kingsley Publishers

ISBN 1-85302-758-8

£
Book Review
Authors: Kelly Angela
Published: April 2017

Introducing Palliative Care (3rd edn)

Robert Twycross

Radcliffe Medical Press

ISBN 1-85-75389-5

£ 18.95
Nonanalytic Laboratory Automation: A Quarter Century of Progress
Authors: Hawker Charles D
Published: April 2017

Clinical laboratory automation has blossomed since the 1989 AACC meeting, at which Dr. Masahide Sasaki first showed a western audience what his laboratory had implemented. Many diagnostics and other vendors are now offering a variety of automated options for laboratories of all sizes. Replacing manual processing and handling procedures with automation was embraced by the laboratory community because of the obvious benefits of labor savings and improvement in turnaround time and quality. Automation was also embraced by the diagnostics vendors who saw automation as a means of incorporating the analyzers purchased by their customers into larger systems in which the benefits of automation were integrated to the analyzers.

This report reviews the options that are available to laboratory customers. These options include so called task-targeted automation—modules that range from single function devices that automate single tasks (e.g., decapping or aliquoting) to multifunction workstations that incorporate several of the functions of a laboratory sample processing department. The options also include total laboratory automation systems that use conveyors to link sample processing functions to analyzers and often include postanalytical features such as refrigerated storage and sample retrieval.

Most importantly, this report reviews a recommended process for evaluating the need for new automation and for identifying the specific requirements of a laboratory and developing solutions that can meet those requirements. The report also discusses some of the practical considerations facing a laboratory in a new implementation and reviews the concept of machine vision to replace human inspections.
My spirit asks to live in sensation
Authors: Adams Marianne
Published: April 2017

This qualitative, arts-based research article explores modes of physical daily practice, somatic writing and an emerging sense of spirituality within an autoethnographic framework. The research depicts the evolution of regular and varied body practices documented by somatic journaling and creative writing. The realization that spirituality can grow from an array of therapeutic and intentional somatic practices evolved from a more narrowly defined dance background that previously focused primarily on artistic, technical standards. Perspectives from contemporary dance training, the Pilates method, somatic writing, the GYROKINESIS method and Authentic Movement are the primary approaches explored. Other observations from moving within the natural world provide the lens for explorations on the role of the witness, acceptance, compassion and forgiveness. Data gathered from mindful, contemplative body-based practices led to an examination of intrinsic spiritual values. As a female dance academic, the emerging awareness of embodied physical spirituality also probes questions regarding the nature of dance scholarship, ageing in dance and the concept of somatic sustainability.
Getting through it: The three-act play and performance as means of transforming the distressed doctoral graduate
Authors: Park Sean
Published: April 2017

This article illustrates how performance can help doctoral graduates struggling with their identity outside of the academy. The heuristic of the three-act play developed by Bradford and Hillary Keeney (2014) is offered as a means of breaking the scholar’s addiction to understanding before acting. By playfully performing upon the uttered phrases and habits of the stuck graduate, new frames of action and possibility are opened up that can carry him or her into more expansive and resourceful ways of being that transcend the academy. The author offers an account of his own distress and the ways in which absurdity, metaphor, movement and song opened him up to the sacred.
Understanding Core Energetics: A client’s perspective of the Core Energetics process
Authors: Falchuk Aimee Frances
Published: April 2017

Core Energetics is a psychotherapeutic modality that bridges body psychotherapy with spiritual development. The current evidence base for Core Energetics is limited. Creating an evidence base for Core Energetics could support client safety and facilitate questions for determining effectiveness. To create this evidence base, foundational research must first be conducted to understand the Core Energetics experience. Such foundational research can be used to identify areas for further study. This qualitative phenomenological study provides an initial exploration into the experience of the Core Energetics client through interviews with students and alumni of the Institute of Core Energetics.
Book Reviews
Authors: Kieft Eline , Njaradi Dunja
Published: April 2017

EMBODIED INQUIRY: WRITING, LIVING AND BEING THROUGH THE BODY, CELESTE SNOWBER (2016) Rotterdam: Sense Publishers ISBN: 9789463007535, p/bk, £20, ISBN: 9789463007542, h/bk, £65, ISBN: 9789463007559, e-book, £35

THE PEOPLE HAVE NEVER STOPPED DANCING: NATIVE AMERICAN MODERN DANCE HISTORIES, JACQUELINE SHEA MURPHY (2007) Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 320 pp., ISBN: 9780816647750, p/bk, $25
Dancing evolutionary spirituality
Authors: Pallant Cheryl
Published: April 2017

In this poetic auto- and somatic-ethnography, I discuss common qualities between my practice of dance and Zen meditation which arose out of rifts in my Jewish upbringing. I focus on flow, awareness, presence, emergence and non-duality and show how meditation and dance with somatic awareness are bridges to the next realm in human development. I make parallels to ideas in Integral Philosophy, a map of worldwide ideas of systems that explain levels of human development and potential. I look at a few of my experiences of heightened states resulting from dance, meditation and Korean shamanic dance and conclude that meditative dance is an essential step forward in human development and in evolving consciousness.
Transient light: Enchanted encounters with dappled light
Authors: Gersten Roberts June
Published: April 2017

The Dapple Light Project is a moving video and live dance performance installation, offering intimate encounters with dappled light as a vibratory place of sensuous enchantment. The article illuminates enchantment experiences in the videoing processes and installation scenography of this project, approaching wonder as a secular attunement with the physical, the digital and the moving presence of this elusive light. Jane Bennett’s theories on materiality shape reflections on the wonder experience and inform a view of enchantment in action. Laura Marks’ writings on haptic visuality and Gaston Bachelard’s contemplations on reverie and home offer intimate and sensuous dwellings for reflecting on mysteries of body, abode and interiority as materialized in this video installation. The article contemplates the transient fluctuations of dappled light as embodied enchantment and considers this in relation to Buddhist understandings of impermanence and dependant arising.