bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slovenščina Janes: pogovorna, nestandardna, spletna ali spretna?
Authors: Stabej Marko , Dobrovoljc Helena , Krek Simon , Gantar Polona , Popič Damjan , Arhar Holdt Špela , Fišer Darja , Robnik Šikonja Marko
Published: September 2016

V sklopu konference Slovenščina na spletu in v novih medijih je 27. novembra 2015 v dvorani Zemljepisnega muzeja GIAM ZRC SAZU potekala okrogla miza z naslovom Slovenščina Janes: pogovorna, nestandardna, spletna ali spretna? K razpravi je bilo povabljenih pet strokovnjakov in strokovnjakinj s področja slovenskega jezikoslovja: dr. Helena Dobrovoljc (Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU in Fakulteta za humanistiko UNG), dr. Polona Gantar (Filozofska fakulteta UL), dr. Simon Krek (Inštitut Jožef Stefan, Filozofska fakulteta UL in Fakulteta za družbene vede UL), dr. Damjan Popič (Filozofska fakulteta UL) in dr. Marko Stabej (Filozofska fakulteta UL). Razpravo sem moderirala dr. Špela Arhar Holdt (Zavod za uporabno slovenistiko Trojina in Filozofska fakulteta UL).Povod za okroglo mizo so bile terminološke zadrege, zaznane pri poskusu poimenovanja jezika v korpusu Janes,[1] vendar so slednje zelo hitro razkrile širok spekter kompleksnih vzrokov. Vprašanje opredelitve »slovenščine Janes« se tako zastavlja kot rezultat sprememb v načinu človeške komunikacije, po katerih opredelitve in pojmi obstoječe slovenske (in ne le slovenske) zvrstnostne teorije izgubljajo uporabno vrednost. Je mogoče po pojavu spleta in razvoju različnih zvrsti računalniško posredovane komunikacije še govoriti o javnem in zasebnem, formalnem in neformalnem, knjižnem in pogovornem? Še več, so te kategorije v praksi – v šoli in izven nje – sploh kdaj funkcionirale? Debata se je dotaknila vprašanja, kako naj se jezikoslovje na spremembe v jezikovni rabi odzove: moramo zagotoviti predvsem novo zvrstnostno teorijo ali je potrebna tudi sprememba v odnosu do jezikovnih uporabnikov, slovenistične metodologije, izdelkov in storitev, ki jih jezikovna skupnost od nas pričakuje, jezika samega? In kakšna je v sliki sodobnih jezikoslovnih raziskav in projektov vloga gradiva Janes, kje so glavne možnosti in kaj omejitve?Na začetku debate je imel vsak od panelistov nekaj minut za predstavitev izhodiščnega mnenja, sledile so replike in na koncu še vprašanja oz. mnenja udeležencev. Zapis izjav je bil pripravljen po zvočnem posnetku, pri čemer so bile izjave za namene lažjega branja skladenjsko prilagojene značilnostim pisnega jezika, nato pa so avtorji posredovali še nekaj dodatnih pojasnil glede svojih prispevkov. Zapis začenjamo s predstavitvijo prvega panelista.[1] Gre za korpus računalniško posredovane komunikacije, ki zajema besedila tvitov, blogov, uporabniških komentarjev in forumov. Korpus predstavlja prispevek (Erjavec in dr. 2015), projektna stran pa je: http://nl.ijs.si/janes/.
»TineB«, »Zgodovinar_666« in »assange« – kaj o identiteti posameznika razkrivajo uporabniška imena
Authors: Vranjek Ošlak Urška , Michelizza Mija
Published: September 2016

Vzdevki oz. uporabniška imena v računalniško posredovani komunikaciji so reprezentacija uporabnikov v spletu, zato predvidevamo, da se ti zelo potrudijo in jih oblikujejo tako, da jih ta kar najbolje predstavljajo. Uporabniška imena so pogosto zelo inovativna in izkazujejo visoko stopnjo igranja z jezikom, na kar na eni strani vpliva dejstvo, da v obravnavanih tipih računalniško posredovane komunikacije ne sme biti uporabnikov z enakim uporabniškim imenom, na drugi strani pa želja posameznika, da bi bilo njegovo uporabniško ime kar se da inovativno in unikatno. Pri oblikovanju uporabniškega imena uporabniki svojo identiteto zakrivajo oz. razkrivajo na različne načine, in sicer glede na tip računalniško posredovane komunikacije, v katerem sodelujejo. Raziskava uporabniških imen v komentarjih novinarskih prispevkov in na Twitterju je pokazala, da uporabniki, ki komentirajo spletne novice, bolj težijo k zakrivanju identitete kot uporabniki Twitterja. Po drugi strani uporabniki Twitterja v uporabniškem imenu pogosteje razkrijejo svojo identiteto, in sicer tako, da v njem uporabijo ime in/ali priimek.
Is African science true science? Reflections on the methods of African science
Authors: Afisi Oseni Taiwo
Published: September 2016

The general character of science and the methodology it employs are in specific terms referred to as observation and experimentation. These two methodologies reflect how science differs from other systematic modes of inquiries. This  description characterises, strictly, ‘Western science’ and it is contrasted with the indigenous mode of enquiry that has come under the name, ‘African science’. In contemporary scholarship, ‘African science’ is being condemned to the level of the mysticoreligious or supernaturalist worldview. ‘African science’ is said to be purely esoteric, personal, and devoid of elements of objectivity and rigorous theorization. In this paper, I re-examine this recondite issue by further reflecting and  strengthening some of the ideas put forward by some African scholars to affirm that there is a distinct method of ‘African science’ that can be termed scientific. In defending a pluralist thesis toward knowledge, scientific inclusive, this paper posits that there exist varieties of inquiry beyond what has been developed in the ‘West’ which can still be justifiably termed scientific. In addition to pluralism, it argues  further that the social character of science, which makes it a part of social and cultural traditions, qualifiedly justifies ‘African science’ as a true science. I will employ the newly formulated conversational method endorsed by the Conversational School of Philosophy (CSP) in this inquiry.Keywords: African science, mystico-religious, rigorous, pluralism, Western science
Innocent Onyewuenyi’s “Philosophical re-appraisal of the African belief in reincarnation”: A conversational study
Authors: Edet Mesembe Ita
Published: September 2016

Reincarnation has received substantial treatment in African philosophy. The dominant view of African scholars and researchers on the subject is that it is a belief that prevails in African culture. The task of this paper is to revisit Innocent Onyewuenyi’s  “philosophical reappraisal” of this African belief. Onyewuenyi’s position is that the African communion with ancestors and their  influence on their living descendant’s has been incorrectly labeled “reincarnation” by Western anthropologists. But whereas  Onyewuenyi portrays the problem as being one of semantics, I shall in this paper argue that the challenge of explaining African   cultural phenomenon is one of hermeneutics. The question is a question of hermeneutics, because its focus is not on whether  ancestors are metaphysical entities, but rather on what they mean within African existence. The paper adopts the conversational method of African philosophy endorsed by the Conversational School of Philosophy. It aims to show how conversationalism as a procedure of philosophical discourse plays out within the context of its specific canons. In the final analysis the paper promotes the thesis that there is not a belief in reincarnation in African culture strictly speaking, but a belief in the regeneration of life. For the African, life is not cyclical, it is rather eternal.Keywords: Innocent Onyewuenyi, reincarnation, conversationalism, hermeneutics, African metaphysics, living-dead, regeneration of life.
Panoramas esféricos estereoscópicos
Authors: Cabezos-Bernal Pedro M. , Cisneros Vivó Juan
Published: September 2016

Los avances en el campo de la imagen digital nos han permitido ampliar los horizontes de la fotografía panorámica, gracias a la aparición de software de stitching o cosido de imágenes, con los que se pueden unir varias fotografías para formar una imagen panorámica de amplio campo visual. Las imágenes producidas mediante el software de stitching pueden llegar a abarcar un campo visual de 360º en horizontal y 180º en vertical, formando un panorama esférico. Este tipo de panorama tiene una gran potencial para la representación arquitectónica, por lo que resultaría interesante añadir una nueva dimensión aplicando los fundamentos de la visión estereoscópica. Por ello, en el artículo se estudia esta problemática con el fin de aportar una metodología asequible de captura fotográfica de panoramas esféricos estereoscópicos, además de analizar su compatibilidad con los últimos sistemas de visualización inmersiva.
Documentación del patrimonio cultural. Método basado en la fusión de técnicas fotogramétricas y de escaneado óptico de triangulación
Authors: Molero Alonso Borja , Barba Salvatore , Álvaro Tordesillas Antonio
Published: September 2016

Los continuos avances en los últimos años de equipos de levantamiento tridimensional han aumentado el abanico de posibilidades para el registro, documentación y difusión del patrimonio. Pero, y desde esta hipótesis partimos, aún existen obstáculos para la creación de modelos 3D fotorrealísticos y fidedignos en algunos ámbitos geométricos y radiométricos. Estos aparecen cuando las características de las piezas son adversas para su digitalización, es decir, la geometría del objeto carece de aristas definidas y/o su acabado no permite su registro, bien por su color, uniformidad, reflectancia, etc. Este estudio plantea y presenta resultados de un modelo fotorrealístico aplicado al levantamiento de una escultura de Jorge Oteiza. Obra caracterizada por una geometría y textura desfavorables a las ideales para su digitalización. La solución planteada pasa por una metodología fundamentada en la combinación de técnicas: modelos capturados mediante escáner óptico de triangulación Artec con el apoyo del software fotogramétrico PhotoScan en la fase de texturización.
The lasting mental health effects of Hurricane Sandy on residents of the Rockaways
Authors: Schwartz, PhD Rebecca M. , Rothenberg, BA Patricia , Kerath, MS Samantha M. , Liu, PhD Bian , Taioli, MD, PhD Emanuela
Published: September 2016

Objective: To examine the impact of Hurricane Sandy on the mental health and substance use of residents of the Rockaways, which is a lower income, ethnically diverse region of NYC that was devastated by the hurricane. Design: Prospective, cross sectional. Setting: Rockaways, Queens, NYC community residents. Participants: From October 2013 to April 2015, 407 adult residents of the Rockaways completed self-report, validated measures of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as indicators of substance use (alcohol, illicit substance, and tobacco use) and exposure to Hurricane Sandy. Main Outcome Measures: Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, alcohol use, illicit substance use, and tobacco use. Results: Differences in exposure scores on outcomes were compared using Wilcoxon tests. Associations between hurricane exposure (categorized into “personal” and “property” exposure) and outcomes were investigated using logistic regression, adjusting for demographic covariates, mental health history, and time since hurricane. The study participants were predominately female (57.5 percent) and black (63.9 percent) and average age was 44.7 years. Multivariable results showed that property exposure scores were positively associated with increased risks of mental health difficulties across all three mental health symptom outcomes, but not substance use. Increased personal and total exposures were also significantly associated with increased Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms. Substance use variables were not significantly associated with any of the hurricane exposure indicators. Conclusions: The present study quantifies the lasting impact that Hurricane Sandy has had on the mental health of Rockaways residents indicating the need for continued recovery efforts and increased mental health service provision in this vulnerable region.
Meteorological constraints on oceanic halocarbons above the Peruvian
upwelling
Authors: Fuhlbrügge Steffen , Quack Birgit , Atlas Elliot , Fiehn Alina , Hepach Helmke , Krüger Kirstin
Published: September 2016

Abstract. During a cruise of R/V METEOR in December 2012 the oceanic sources and emissions of various halogenated trace gases and their mixing ratios in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) were investigated above the Peruvian upwelling. This study presents novel observations of the three very short lived substances (VSLSs) – bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide – together with high-resolution meteorological measurements, Lagrangian transport and source–loss calculations. Oceanic emissions of bromoform and dibromomethane were relatively low compared to other upwelling regions, while those for methyl iodide were very high. Radiosonde launches during the cruise revealed a low, stable MABL and a distinct trade inversion above acting as strong barriers for convection and vertical transport of trace gases in this region. Observed atmospheric VSLS abundances, sea surface temperature, relative humidity and MABL height correlated well during the cruise. We used a simple source–loss estimate to quantify the contribution of oceanic emissions along the cruise track to the observed atmospheric concentrations. This analysis showed that averaged, instantaneous emissions could not support the observed atmospheric mixing ratios of VSLSs and that the marine background abundances below the trade inversion were significantly influenced by advection of regional sources. Adding to this background, the observed maximum emissions of halocarbons in the coastal upwelling could explain the high atmospheric VSLS concentrations in combination with their accumulation under the distinct MABL and trade inversions. Stronger emissions along the nearshore coastline likely added to the elevated abundances under the steady atmospheric conditions. This study underscores the importance of oceanic upwelling and trade wind systems on the atmospheric distribution of marine VSLS emissions.
Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern
Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon
observations
Authors: Khaykin Sergey M. , Pommereau Jean-Pierre , Riviere Emmanuel D. , Held Gerhard , Ploeger Felix , Ghysels Melanie , Amarouche Nadir , Vernier Jean-Paul , Wienhold Frank G. , Ionov Dmitry
Published: September 2016

Abstract. High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes affecting the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (in-mixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidence of these phenomena are analysed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modelling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour (of up to 0.5 ppmv) and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20° S. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, which are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
Interannual variability of ammonia concentrations over the United States:
sources and implications
Authors: Schiferl Luke D. , Heald Colette L. , Van Damme Martin , Clarisse Lieven , Clerbaux Cathy , Coheur Pierre-François , Nowak John B. , Neuman J. Andrew , Herndon Scott C. , Roscioli Joseph R. , Eilerman Scott J.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The variability of atmospheric ammonia (NH3), emitted largely from agricultural sources, is an important factor when considering how inorganic fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and nitrogen cycling are changing over the United States. This study combines new observations of ammonia concentration from the surface, aboard aircraft, and retrieved by satellite to both evaluate the simulation of ammonia in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and identify which processes control the variability of these concentrations over a 5-year period (2008–2012). We find that the model generally underrepresents the ammonia concentration near large source regions (by 26 % at surface sites) and fails to reproduce the extent of interannual variability observed at the surface during the summer (JJA). Variability in the base simulation surface ammonia concentration is dominated by meteorology (64 %) as compared to reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions imposed by regulation (32 %) over this period. Introduction of year-to-year varying ammonia emissions based on animal population, fertilizer application, and meteorologically driven volatilization does not substantially improve the model comparison with observed ammonia concentrations, and these ammonia emissions changes have little effect on the simulated ammonia concentration variability compared to those caused by the variability of meteorology and acid-precursor emissions. There is also little effect on the PM2.5 concentration due to ammonia emissions variability in the summer when gas-phase changes are favored, but variability in wintertime emissions, as well as in early spring and late fall, will have a larger impact on PM2.5 formation. This work highlights the need for continued improvement in both satellite-based and in situ ammonia measurements to better constrain the magnitude and impacts of spatial and temporal variability in ammonia concentrations.
Colorado air quality impacted by long-range-transported aerosol: a set of
case studies during the 2015 Pacific Northwest fires
Authors: Creamean Jessie M. , Neiman Paul J. , Coleman Timothy , Senff Christoph J. , Kirgis Guillaume , Alvarez Raul J. , Yamamoto Atsushi
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Biomass burning plumes containing aerosols from forest fires can be transported long distances, which can ultimately impact climate and air quality in regions far from the source. Interestingly, these fires can inject aerosols other than smoke into the atmosphere, which very few studies have evidenced. Here, we demonstrate a set of case studies of long-range transport of mineral dust aerosols in addition to smoke from numerous fires (including predominantly forest fires and a few grass/shrub fires) in the Pacific Northwest to Colorado, US. These aerosols were detected in Boulder, Colorado, along the Front Range using beta-ray attenuation and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and corroborated with satellite-borne lidar observations of smoke and dust. Further, we examined the transport pathways of these aerosols using air mass trajectory analysis and regional- and synoptic-scale meteorological dynamics. Three separate events with poor air quality and increased mass concentrations of metals from biomass burning (S and K) and minerals (Al, Si, Ca, Fe, and Ti) occurred due to the introduction of smoke and dust from regional- and synoptic-scale winds. Cleaner time periods with good air quality and lesser concentrations of biomass burning and mineral metals between the haze events were due to the advection of smoke and dust away from the region. Dust and smoke present in biomass burning haze can have diverse impacts on visibility, health, cloud formation, and surface radiation. Thus, it is important to understand how aerosol populations can be influenced by long-range-transported aerosols, particularly those emitted from large source contributors such as wildfires.
Šeimos įtaka paauglių lytinei sveikatai
Authors: Kuprėnaitė Žydra , Lubienė Jolita , Ubeikienė Ramunė
Published: September 2016

Šeimai prarandant prioritetą asmenybės formavimosi procese, vis didesnę atsakomybę priskiriant švietimo įstaigoms, ypač aktualu atsigręžti į šeimą kaip į pagrindinę ir svarbiausią vaiko ugdymo aplinką. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti šeimos įtaką paauglių lytinei sveikatai. Atlikta 15 m. amžiaus paauglių anketinė apklausa, kurios rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad lytinė elgsena ir sveikata ypač priklauso nuo šeimos, kurioje jie auga, sudėties, pasitikėjimo ir bendravimo su tėvais ypatumų, šeimos narių kartu praleidžiamo laiko pobūdžio. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad ankstyvo lytinio gyvenimo problema yra aktuali, tai pagrindžia lytinio ugdymo šeimoje svarbą bei poreikį.
PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AND AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR SKILLS IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Šerpytis Pranas , Tamošiūnas Tomas , Slušnienė Andžela , Glaveckaite Sigita , Kezytė Greta , Urbanavičiūtė Indrė , Laucevičius Aleksandras
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Even in 65% of cases the first registered rhythm after cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation (VF) which can be restored to sinus rhythm by defibrillation. European Resuscitation Council guidelines (2010) highlight the importance of automated external defibrillator (AED) and encourage further AED program development and device installation in public places. The aim and methods: To assess public knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and capability of using AED in five largest cities of Lithuania. The anonymous survey was conducted in public areas (shopping malls, stations, city squares). Only adults (aged 18-65 years) who claimed to have knowledge about CPR were interviewed. Results: 130 (76.9%) of respondents described their knowledge about CPR as inadequate. In a hypothetical 3-step situation, where a person clenches fists over his chest and falls, only 16.6% of respondents would act correctly according to the guidelines. Only 29% (49) knew what AED was, those aware of AED – almost all correctly stated the principle of managing the device and indications of its usage. The main sources of information regarding AED: training at the office 28.6% (14), television 28.6% (14), driving courses 22.4% (11); about CPR – driving courses 70.4% (119), school 46.7% (79), television 26% (44) and training at the office 24.9% (42). 81.6% of respondents would participate in CPR and AED courses, if they were free of charge. Conclusions: Lithuanian‘s knowledge about CPR is insufficient, only every third person knows what AEDs are. Community education and training on CPR and AEDs use are needed. The majority of respondents would attend CPR and AED training if it was free of charge.
Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninės Kauno klinikų akušerijos ir ginekologijos skyriuje 2015 m. atliktų epiziotomijų pagrįstumas
Authors: Obelenytė Aušra Marija , Abraitis Vytautas
Published: September 2016

grįstumą LSMUL KK Akušerijos ir ginekologijos skyriuje 2015 metais. Atlikta retrospektyvinė gimdyvių, kurioms buvo atlikta mediolateralinė epiziotomija bei naujagimių duomenų analizė. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta panaudojant „SPSS 24.0“ versijos statistinį paketą. Darbe gauti rezultatai: dieninio/vakarinio intervalo metu priimta 52,23 proc. gimdymų, naktinio/rytinio intervalo metu – 47,77 proc. Daugausia gimdymų priimta 17 ir 22 valandomis – po 6,2 proc., mažiausiai – 8 valandą 2,2proc. (p>0,05). Daugiausia epiziotomijų - 12,4 proc. atliko gydytojas nr. 6 ir akušerė nr. 13 - 6,6proc. (p<0,05). Dešimtadaliui naujagimių buvo nustatyta hipoksija ir acidozė kraujyje gimimo metu. 13,75 proc. (n=103) stebejimo atvejų epiziotomija atlikta numatant, kad gims stambus vaisius (≥4000g), 2,7 proc. (n=20)– remiantis numanoma užpakaline vaisiaus pakaušio pozicija. Epiziotomija atlikta po epidurinės nejautros - 39 proc. (n=289), kai gimdymas buvo užbaigtas vakuumo ekstraktoriumi – 2,7 proc. (n=20) (p<0,05). Atlikus duomenų analizę, paaiškėjo, jog III-IV laipsnio tarpvietės plyšimas įvyko tik 4 stebėjimo atvejams, t.y. 0,5 proc. visos tyrimo imties. Gautos išvados.Tik dešimtadaliui stebejimo atvejų epiziotomija buvo atlikta esant nestabilios vaisiaus būklės indikacijai. Epiziotomijų dažnis priklauso tiek nuo paros laiko, tiek nuo žmogiškojo faktoriaus. 99,5 proc. gimdyvių, kurioms buvo atlikta epiziotomija, gimdymo metu nepatyrė III-IV laipsnio tarpvietės plyšimo, todėl, remiantis literatūros šaltiniais, galima teigti, kad LSMUL KK Akušerijos ir ginekologijos skyriuje tarpvietės apsauga yra geresnė nei kitose Europos šalyse.
Dažniausios sunkių anemijų priežastys ir hemotransfuzijų efektyvumo įvertinimas
Authors: Taparauskienė Edita , Gervienė Dalia , Česnavičiūtė Ieva , Petraitytė Ieva
Published: September 2016

Darbo tikslas. Išanalizuoti klinikinę patirtį gydant sunkias anemijas, išsiaiškinti dažniausias jų priežastis, įvertinti hemotransfuzijų efektyvumą. Tyrimo medžiaga ir metodai. Retrospektyvinis tyrimas atliktas Kauno klinikinėje ligoninėje, Vidaus ligų diagnostikos skyriuje. Tirti pacientai, kuriems nustatyta sunki ar gyvybei pavojinga anemija bei atlikta hemotransfuzija 2014 metais. Vadovavomės PSO ir Nacionalinio vėžio instituto anemijos sunkumo rekomendacijomis. Išsiaiškinti tiriamųjų sociodemografiniai požymiai bei medicininė informacija. Hemotransfuzijos efektyvumui įvertinti tiriamuosius padalinome į dvi amžiaus grupes: iki 50 metų imtinai ir daugiau nei 50 metų. Eritrocitų masės transfuzija laikoma efektyvia, kai Hb padidėjo ne mažiau 10 g/l vienos hemotranzfuzijos metu. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant „IBM SPSS Statistics 21“. Kiekybinių duomenų vidurkiams palyginti naudojamas t – testas. Skirtumas statistiškai reikšmingas, kai p <0,05. Rezultatai. 148 pacientai, iš jų 95 (64,2 proc.) moterys ir 53 (35,8 proc.) vyrai. Amžiaus vidurkis 69,24 ± 8,95 m. Iki 50 metų amžiaus – 27 tiriamieji (17 moterų ir 10 vyrų), daugiau nei 50 metų – 121 (78 moterys ir 43 vyrai). Sunkių anemijų priežastys: 50 proc. ūmus kraujavimas, 37,17 proc. dėl gretutinių lėtinių ligų, 12,83 proc. dėl sutrikusios eritropoezės. Hemotransfuzijos efektyvumas tarp skirtingų lyčių grupių nesiskyrė (p>0,068), tačiau hemotransfuzija efektyvesnė tiek moterų, tiek vyrų amžiaus grupėje iki 50 metų (p<0,036). Po pirmos eritrocitų masės transfuzijos teigiama dinamika buvo 54,7 proc., po antros – 56,4 proc., po trečios 52,4 proc., po ketvirtos – 60 proc, po penktos 16,7 proc., po šeštos – 50 proc. Pritaikius regresijos modelį galima daryti prielaidą, kad hemotransfuzija sąlyginai efektyvesnė, esant mažesniam pradiniam hemoglobinui. Vertinant priežastis hemotransfuzijų efektyvumas nevienodas (p<0,027). Esant sunkiai anemijai dėl hipoprodukcinės priežasties – efektyvumas siekia 73,7 proc., ūmiam kraujavimui – 52,8 proc, o eliminavus priežastį hemotransfuzija efektyvi net 80 proc. Lėtinių ligų atvejais hemotransfuzijos efektyvumas mažesnis – teigiamai dinamikai prireikia daugiau nei vienos hemotransfuzijos (p<0,035). Išvados. Dažniausios sunkių anemijų priežastys: pusei pacientų – ūmus kraujavimas, trečdaliui – dėl gretutinių lėtinių ligų, likusiems – dėl sutrikusios eritropoezės. Hemotransfuzija efektyvi tiek vyrų, tiek moterų grupėse, tačiau greitesnė teigiama dinamika stebima jaunesnių pacientų amžiaus grupėje. Hemotransfuzija efektyvi esant sunkiai anemijai dėl sutrikusios eritropoezės bei dėl ūminio kraujavimo, tačiau lėtinių ligų atveju toks gydymas mažiau efektyvus ir teigiamai dinamikai pasiekti prireikia daugiau nei vienos hemotransfuzijos.
Bi/multilingual Voices and Audiences? Code-Switching in Zimbabwean Popular Drama, Studio 263
Authors: Gijimah Tevedzerai , Sabao Collen
Published: September 2016

Code-switching is an observed common discourse linguistic behaviour in Zimbabwean popular dramas. The motives and effects of the use of code-switching in such communicative contexts is however an understudied area. This article examines the communicative impact/effects on the audience, of code-switching as a communication strategy in Studio 263, one of Zimbabwe’s popular dramas (soap operas). Observing that code-switching has become part and parcel of Zimbabwean everyday discourses – a situation chiefly resulting from the Zimbabwean linguistic situation characterised by bi/multilingual societies – the analysis explores the rhetorical and communicative potential of code-switching as a communication strategy within the communicative contexts that popular dramas represent and in a bi/multilingual society. The Zimbabwean language situation promotes the use of the English language in all formal communicative events while the ‘indigenous’ languages (Shona and Ndebele) do not enjoy similar privileges. Because English is a second language to the majority of the residents of Zimbabweans, this has resulted in the proliferation of bi/multilingual communities. This article critiques the justification of the use of code-switching in Studio 263 as well as its use as a tool for communicating to a ‘larger’ audience.
“This Place Was My Home”: Student Reflections on Living at the Scotland School for Veterans' Children (1930–2009)
Authors: Bair Sarah
Published: September 2016

Using twenty-three oral history interviews as a foundation, this article examines the student residential experience at the Scotland School for Veterans' Children (SSVC) between 1930 and 2009. The interviews were conducted with alumni of the school a few weeks before its closing in 2009. Founded in 1895 in the small village of Scotland, Pennsylvania, this state-funded industrial school provided a home to children from veteran-affiliated families. Whether sent to the school by their relatives or through social services, most children came to Scotland due to difficult circumstances or because their families thought it would be a safer, healthier environment for them. This article, focusing on how students found a sense of home and family in Scotland's strict and orderly community, gives insight into the lived experience of these particular students and suggests what life was like for thousands of children in this unique and important Pennsylvania institution.
Presencia de parásitos intestinales en muestras de heces de empleados administrativos de una universidad privada
Authors: Avelar Verónica María , Santos Herrera René Guillermo
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo consistió, en la recolección y análisis parasitológico de las muestras de heces provenientes de los empleados del área administrativa de una universidad privada durante el mes de septiembre del 2013Las muestras fueron identificadas por edad, fecha, lugar de residencia y área de trabajo al que pertenece cada uno de los empleados. Todos los participantes dieron su aval de ser incluidos en el estudio a través de la firma de consentimiento informado. La metodología utilizada para el procesamiento de las muestras incluyó la preparación húmeda con solución salina normal y lugol, que se conoce como examen directo al fresco de la muestra de heces.Se observó cada preparación al microscopio de luz, utilizando los objetivos 10X y 40X, en busca de parásitos tanto en formas adultas como quistes o huevos. Adicionalmente se realizó el concentrado de Ritchie con éter y formalina, lo que permite separar, grasas y detritos, para poder observar el sedimento. Se analizaron 45 muestras de heces, de las cuales se encontraron 18 positivas a diferentes parásitos. El parásito más frecuentemente encontrado, fue Blastocystis hominis. Cabe mencionar que 11 de los pacientes con muestras positivas a parásitos se habían automedicado con antiparasitarios en los tres meses previos a la toma de la muestra. Lo que sugiere que es necesario, el estudio parasitológico previo a la administración de antiparásitarios en adulto.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 N° 1 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2014, pp.13-18
La salud como herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Chávez Siliézar Darío Antonio
Published: September 2016

CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 No 2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2015, pp.4
Detección de la presencia de larvas de Toxorhynchites sp (Díptera: Culicidae) como depredadoras sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti, (Díptera: Culicidae) vector del virus del dengue
Authors: López Méndez Melvin Iván , Castro Figueroa Cecilia Jeanette , Almendarez Reyna Lisseth
Published: September 2016

En la búsqueda de una alternativa biológica para contrarrestar la enfermedad viral del dengue, se estudió el género Toxorhynchites sp, que según investigaciones previas, depreda a Aedes aegypti, vector del virus.En esta primera fase del estudio, el objetivo fue detectar presencia de Toxorhynchites sp en El Salvador, identificar las áreas preferidas y verificar preliminarmente su potencial depredador sobre Aedes aegypti. El género Toxorhynchites sp, depreda diariamente en promedio 12 larvas de “culícidos”. En la duración del ciclo de vida, los estadios larvarios; 3, 4, pupa y adulto, vivieron 3.6, 6.7, 6.2 y 13.4 días respectivamente. Los sitios preferidos por los adultos de Toxorhynchites sp, son ambientes rurales y urbanos, con vegetación principalmente frutales.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 No 2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2015, pp.5-13
Conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo asociados a cáncer bucal en adultos residentes en el municipio de San Salvador
Authors: Méndez Nuvia Estrada , Castro de Díaz Carmen , García José Ángel , Sifontes Manuel Alfaro
Published: September 2016

El cáncer bucal ha sido definido como la enfermedad ocasionada por la división anormal y sin control de células formadas en tejidos de la cavidad bucal y de la orofaringe. Sin embargo, el nivel de conocimiento sobre esta enfermedad puede ser limitado en la población. Esto se vuelve un problema pues su identificación y detección temprana garantizan un incremento en la tasa de supervivencia y una mejora en la calidad de vida como consecuencia de tratamientos médicos menos agresivos. Para la investigación se encuestó a un total de 300 participantes adultos del municipio de San Salvador, capital de El Salvador, sobre el conocimiento de factores de riesgo asociados a esta enfermedad. Los resultados señalaron un bajo grado de información por parte de la población, en particular, en función del género. Los hallazgos son una primera aproximación para ahondar en las variaciones en el tejido social. Esto permite comprender la necesidad de diseñar estrategias de intervención orientadas a las características poblacionales.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 No 2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2015, pp.14-20
Percepción de estudiantes de odontología sobre el ambiente educativo de la Facultad y Evaluación del desempeño académico del doctorado en cirugía dental
Authors: López Pérez Ethel Mireya , Menjívar Morán Nadia María , Abarca Mauricio Antonio , Urbina Humberto Alcides
Published: September 2016

Introducción. El propósito principal del estudio fue evaluar la percepción del estudiante de odontología en prácticas clínicas sobre el ambiente educativo que ofrece la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador UEES, así como evaluar los resultados del desempeño académico logrados durante su formación en la carrera del doctorado en cirugía dental.Metodología. La investigación fue de tipo descriptivo, con diseño transversal y se realizó durante el período de enero a diciembre 2012. Se consideró evaluar el ambiente educativo por ser uno de los factores que determinan el alcance del éxito académico del estudiante a lo largo de su formación; a la vez, la medición de este factor, contribuye a establecer procesos de mejora contínua que le permiten al estudiante alcanzar su máximo desempeño académico, para su medición, se utilizó el cuestionario Dundee Ready Enviroment Evaluation Measurement DREEM por ser la herramienta más adecuada para evaluar ambientes de aprendizaje del área médica a nivel de pregrado. Este cuestionario y la revisión del historial académico de cada estudiante para la evaluación del desempeño académico se aplicaron a 71 estudiantes activos de odontología en prácticas clínicas.Resultados. La medición del ambiente educativo arrojó que los estudiantes de odontología perciben el ambiente de la Facultad como más positivo que negativo, en las áreas de: percepción del aprendizaje, percepción hacia los docentes, percepción del ambiente, así como la autopercepción social y académica. Los resultados de la medición del desempeño académico indicaron que existen diferencias significativas entre los estudiantes cuando fueron evaluados por cada ciclo, así también, cuando se evaluó cada área académica; se demuestra un mayor desempeño académico en todas las asignaturas para el grupo de estudiantes que se encontraban inscritos en el ciclo XII, año 2012.Conclusión. Los estudiantes perciben el ambiente educativo de la Facultad de Odontología como más positivo que negativo y existen diferencias significativas en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes, por grupos y por área académica. La correlación obtenida entre las notas por áreas académicas fué ligeramente positiva, mostrando que a medida el estudiante avanza también incrementa su rendimiento académico.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 No 2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2015, pp.28-38
Indiana Music Educators and Policy: An Examination of Awareness, Engagement, Trust, and Efficacy
Authors: Dye Christopher K. , Richerme Lauren Kapalka
Published: September 2016

Despite the impact of local, state, and federal education policies on music education practices, little is known about public school kindergarten through 12th grade (K–12) music educators’ political awareness, participation, and beliefs. The following research questions guided this study: How familiar are Indiana music educators with local and national education and music education policies? How politically active are Indiana music educators? To what extent do Indiana music educators trust policymakers and leaders? What do Indiana music educators believe about their own political efficacy? What relationships exist between political constructs, demographic variables, and employment characteristics? Indiana K–12 public school teachers (N = 144) responded to a survey designed to address these questions. Results indicated that while awareness of policies varied widely between respondents, they were overwhelmingly (97%) registered to vote. Participants perceived higher levels of internal political efficacy than external, and efficacy was highest at the local level. Local officials were most trusted, followed by those at the federal level, and then those at the state level. Exploratory investigation showed that neither teacher gender nor age was significantly related to awareness, efficacy, or trust in government, and there were no significant relationships between characteristics of teaching placements and trust in government, participation, or awareness. Findings indicated small significant negative correlations between political efficacy and both county urbanicity and the proportion of non-White students in the district.
Music Achievement of English Language Learner Eighth-Grade Students
Authors: Lorah Julie A. , Morrison Steven J. , Sanders Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2016

Previous research has shown that English language learners (ELLs) score lower on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) music assessment than native English speakers. This analysis uses the NAEP Arts Assessment 2008 music portion to further explore this relationship, after controlling for associated covariates. Findings indicate that ELL students still score substantially lower on average, even after controlling for music background, music self-concept, economic status, and school membership. In addition, music ensemble participation, positive music self-concept, private music lessons, and higher economic status are all shown to uniquely, positively relate to music achievement, and schools are shown to differ substantially in their average music achievement. Implications of these findings and limitations of the NAEP music assessment are explored.
An Exploration of Band Students’ Experiences With Informal Learning
Authors: Jones Sara K.
Published: September 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine how eight high school students involved in traditional, notation-based band instruction experienced informal learning. In an extracurricular setting, the students chose their own groupings, selected songs, and created arrangements of their songs by ear without relying on direct instruction or notated music. A collective case study design was used to explore the strategies the students used to solve problems and how those learning strategies changed as students gained experience with informal learning. This study also sought to examine the benefits and challenges of informal learning with formally taught students and to determine how arranging songs in small group settings impacted those students.

While the students became more comfortable with informal learning over time, it was difficult for them to break free of their formal learning habits. Despite these challenges, the student participants reported improved listening skills, refined their musical problem solving approaches, were more willing to experiment to make musical decisions, and showed greater attention to the quality of their musical arrangements. The findings support the benefits of informal learning noted in previous research, though students enculturated in large ensembles may need additional tools in order to attain success.
Adolescent survivor of childhood Acute Myeloid Leukaemia undertakes pregnancy with a severe anthracycline induced cardiomyopathy and risk taking behaviours
Authors: Tripaydonis Anne , Conyers Rachel
Published: September 2016

A 16-year-old female survivor of childhood Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) presented 12 weeks pregnant to her haematology oncology late effects appointment. Having failed to attend recent healthcare appointments her severe cardiomyopathy secondary to chemotherapy during childhood was poorly managed and she had missed the opportunity to discuss her reproductive plans and have her periconceptional care delivered. This case emphasises the challenges in engaging Adolescent and Young Adult-aged (AYA-aged) cancer survivors with their healthcare and the importance of narrative medicine, adequate health literacy and early transition to adult services for improved medical care.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 8, No. 10
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: September 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 8, No. 10, 2016.
Comparison of Pre-Operative Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Followed by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Intraoperative Cholangiography in Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
Authors: Jamal Al-Ghouthani , Abdulmonem Alyounes
Published: September 2016

Despite rapid economic growth during the last half of the twentieth century, gender inequality has remained high in Korea. Using data from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), previous research found that gender differences in sociostructural and psychosocial factors contributed to a substantial female excess in poor self-rated health. To the extent that women’s overall social status relative to men has improved over time in Korea, it is possible that the gender gap in perceived health has decreased. This study used repeated cross-sectional KNHANES data from 2001-2012 to examine temporal trends in gender differences in self-rated health. In age-adjusted models, we found no significant trend in the female excess of poor self-rated health among respondents aged 25-44 (p=0.685). In contrast, we found a statistically significant downward trend among those aged 45-64 (p<0.001). In fully adjusted models controlling for age and behavioral, sociostructural, and psychosocial covariates, we found a marginally significant upward trend (p=0.08) among younger respondents, while the downward trend among older respondents remained significant (p<0.001). More work is needed to determine why gendered health disparities decreased among older adults in Korea but not among those aged 25-44.
Alcohol and Canadian Health
Authors: McIntosh James
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND: The role of alcohol use as a cause of disease and a determinant of individual health has been examined by a large number of researchers and is an important policy issue.METHODS: The effect of alcohol use on the four most important diseases that afflict Canadians is examined by applying finite mixture probability models to data from the 2011-12 Canadian Community Health Survey. The effect on self-reported health is also considered.RESULTS: Regular drinking behaviour is shown to be associated with lower probabilities of having diabetes, coronary heart disease, or stroke, although it may lead to a higher probability of having cancer for some sub-populations. The net prophylactic effect of moderate alcohol use on diseases diseases other than cancer is positive and significant. Men and women in all age groups report higher health status scores as a result of regular alcohol use. Regular drinking also leads to fewer doctor visits.CONCLUSIONS: The fears and apprehension expressed by so many health researchers ignore the substantial beneficial effects that regular drinkers experience. Alcohol policy should therefore be less repressive more sympathetic to consumer wants.
The Research of Effectiveness of Ideological Political and Theories Curriculum Teaching (IPTCT) in China: Development and Problems
Authors: Wang Liangliang , Fan Mingfang , Zhang Feng
Published: September 2016

Researchers have long been interested in how to improve the effectiveness of IPTCT courses in Chinese educational institutions. This article provides a framework for understanding the research undertaken into the effectiveness of IPTCT in China’s higher education system over the past ten years, from 2006 to 2015. It begins with a discussion of the special position held by IPTCT in China and the importance of undertaking effective studies into IPTCT. After reviewing the research on effective teaching theory within IPTCT research, describing the current research development in China, in the next section, the reasons for the use of historical and document methodology used in this paper are also examined. Next, a literature review and analysis of data collected from over a ten-year period publications in this field of study is undertaken. Then, the review highlights the six main areas identified by researchers to determine the effectiveness of IPTCT courses, including concept research; class teaching; teaching method; practice teaching; discipline innovation as well as student engagement. Furthermore, three research problems are examined which highlight the complexity of undertaking research into the effectiveness of IPTCT. The article concludes by exploring implications for future research into the effectiveness and suggestions for IPTCT teachers.