bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Particle Size on Electromagnetic and Microwave Absorption Properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3±δ‐Epoxy Composite
Authors: Zhang Shuyuan , Cao Quanxi , Zhang Maolin , Cai Lei , Yan Qidong
Published: April 2013

La0.7Sr0.3MnO3±δ powders were fabricated by solid‐state reaction method at 1473 K for 4 h. The precursors were prepared by ball‐milling raw materials for 3, 6, 9, and 12 h, respectively. The crystal structures, particle size, and morphologies of precursors and prepared La0.7Sr0.3MnO3±δ were characterized by XRD, laser particle size analyzer and SEM, respectively. It is found that La0.7Sr0.3MnO3±δ possessed large particle size by ball‐milling raw materials for a long time. Results indicated that La0.7Sr0.3MnO3±δ, synthesized by ball‐milling raw materials for 3 h, exhibited the optimal microwave absorption properties. The maximum reflection loss was −28.8 dB, and the −6 dB absorption bandwidth was 5.80 GHz.
La flexibilización laboral en un contexto de austeridad fiscal: una imprudencia peligrosa
Authors: CAPALDO Jeronim , IZURIETA Alex
Published: April 2013

Los autores analizan los efectos de combinar la austeridad fiscal con políticas de flexibilización laboral enriqueciendo así el debate actual al respecto. Mediante un macromodelo analítico simplificado con una dinámica de distribución explícita y una perspectiva mundial plantean el problema de agregación y demuestran que las políticas de flexibilización que merman el componente salarial provocan retroacciones mundiales que se traducen en una espiral descendente y en una contracción, aun en las economías impulsadas por las exportaciones. En conclusión, los beneficios iniciales de las economías competitivas resultan efímeros; a largo plazo, la economía mundial está impulsada por los salarios y responde positivamente a estímulos keynesianos coordinados.
¿Quién se ocupará de dar cumplimiento al Convenio sobre el trabajo marítimo, 2006?
Authors: PINIELLA Francisco , SILOS José María , BERNAL Francisca
Published: April 2013

El Convenio sobre el trabajo marítimo, 2006, que entrará en vigor en agosto de 2013, unifica normas adoptadas por la OIT desde 1920. Constituye el «cuarto pilar» del régimen de reglamentación marítima internacional, junto con tres convenios de la OMI sobre seguridad y control de la contaminación en el mar. Según los autores, el reto consistirá en hacerlo cumplir dentro de los marcos actuales de inspección por el Estado rector del puerto y por el Estado del pabellón. Técnicamente, la responsabilidad recae en el segundo, pero dada la proliferación de pabellones de conveniencia, el papel del primero resultará crucial, al igual que la formación de los inspectores.
Disposiciones laborales en los tratados de libre comercio: balance y perspectivas
Authors: SIROËN Jean‐Marc
Published: April 2013

La Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) y la Ronda de Doha han decidido dejar en manos de la OIT las cuestiones laborales. Sin embargo, como muestra este artículo, los países más activos en la conclusión de acuerdos comerciales preferenciales incluyen disposiciones sobre trabajo, más o menos exigentes, cuyo presunto carácter proteccionista no ha podido demostrarse. Estas cláusulas responden a objetivos diversos y a veces contradictorios, recurren poco a las sanciones y exigen en general medidas orientadas a la mejora de la legislación y las prácticas y a la promoción del trabajo decente. El autor ofrece varias sugerencias al respecto.
High Prevalence of Hearing Loss at the Special Olympics: Is This Representative of People with Intellectual Disability?
Authors: Hey C. , Fessler S. , Hafner N. , Lange B. P. , Euler H. A. , Neumann K.
Published: April 2013

Background

The Healthy Hearing (HH) programme at theSpecialOlympics (SO) revealed hearing disorders in between 16 and 40% of athletes. However, it is not clear whether these prevalence represents the entire population with intellectual disability. Therefore, this study compares the hearing status ofSOathletes with an intellectual disability (ID) to students withIDat a special needs school.

Materials and Methods

TheHHscreening was performed in 637 athletes (mean age 27.1 years, range 9.7–70.6 years) during the 2008GermanSO SummerGames – and in 198 special needs students (mean age 12.7 years, range 6.7–20.0 years).

Results

Twenty‐two per cent of athletes and 18% of students failed theHHscreening. Approximately 60% of the total participants received recommendations for further follow‐up and treatment without between‐group differences.

Conclusions

The results of theHHscreening atSOevents are assumed to be representative of children and adolescents withIDin special needs schools.
Career Mentoring Needs of Youths in Foster Care: Voices for Change
Authors: Hudson Angela L.
Published: April 2013

Problem

Adolescents with a history of foster care placement are more likely to become homeless, have mental illness, become parents too early in life, or become incarcerated within the juvenile justice/prison system. In addition, a low percentage of young adults, who formerly were in foster care, complete vocational training or higher education.

Methods

This was a qualitative study, using focus group methodology. Four focus group sessions were conducted with youth living in foster care. The purpose was to obtain their perceptions about mentoring. Focus groups comprised six to eight youths per group and were guided by a semi‐structured interview guide.

Findings

A total of 27 youth in foster care participated in focus group interviews. Mean age was 16.4 (SD = 0.68) years. Youth participants were very knowledgeable about mentoring programs for at‐risk youth, along with negative psychosocial outcomes experienced by former foster youth. However, they remarked that they are given few opportunities for career mentoring. The overall themes that emerged from narrative data were needing and finding authority figures, hooking up with a career mentor, and deserving the good life.

Conclusion

Career mentoring is an affordable and feasible intervention for child welfare agencies. This could lead to more motivated and prepared youth living in foster care for vocational training or higher education. Learning opportunities from a career mentor may be a lifeline for preventing negative psychosocial outcomes for foster youth, reward achievement goals, and improve overall quality of life in emerging adulthood.
Nutrition education tools used in phenylketonuria: clinician, parent and patient perspectives from three international surveys
Authors: Bernstein L. E. , Helm J. R. , Rocha J. C. , Almeida M. F. , Feillet F. , Link R. M. , Gizewska M.
Published: April 2013

Background

Three international surveys were developed aiming to identify the current nutrition educational tools used in the management of phenylketonuria (PKU) and the perceived effectiveness of these tools by clinicians, parents and patients.

Methods

The first two surveys were distributed through the Metabolic Dietitians ListServe (pno-metabl@listserv.cc.emory.edu), and the third survey was distributed by international clinics and the National PKU Alliance website (www.npkua.org). A total of 888 responses (S1, n = 88; S2, n = 81; S3, n = 719) were collected from all three surveys. The surveys represent participants from 17 countries, in Europe; North America (USA and Canada); Mexico; Argentina; Turkey; Australia; and Africa (Tunisia).

Results

A consistent decline in ‘parents as role models’ as an educational tool was observed starting at age 10 years. Patients responded they feel their families are the most effective form of education, whereas handouts were selected as the least effective educational tool by patients. Parents responded they feel the most effective educational tool is one‐on‐one counselling. Patients and parents show a desirable trend in wanting to attend group clinic, even in centres where this type of educational tool is not offered.

Conclusions

There was a discrepancy between clinicians and patient views regarding the perceived effectiveness of the nutrition education tools. Future research is needed surrounding the impact nutrition education may have on improved dietary compliance in patients with PKU.
Transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation can improve swallowing function in patients with dysphagia caused by non‐stroke diseases: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan C. , Liu Y. , Li W. , Liu J. , Chen L.
Published: April 2013

There is still debate over whether the effect of transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in dysphagia rehabilitation is superior to traditional therapy (TT). The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to assess the overall efficacy by comparing the two treatment protocols. Published medical studies in the English language were obtained by comprehensive searches of the Medline, Cochrane and EMBASE databases from January 1966 to December 2011. Studies that compared the efficacy of treatment and clinical outcomes of NMES versus TT in dysphagia rehabilitation were assessed. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction. Data assessing swallowing function improvement were extracted as scores on the Swallowing Function Scale as the change from baseline (change scores). Seven studies were eligible for inclusion, including 291 patients, 175 of whom received NMES and 116 of whom received TT. Of the seven studies, there were two randomised controlled trials, one multicentre randomised controlled trial and four clinical controlled trials. The change scores on the Swallowing Function Scale of patients with dysphagia treated with NMES were significantly higher compared with patients treated with TT [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0·77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·13 to 1·41, P = 0·02]. However, subgroup analysis according to aetiology showed that there were no differences between NMES and TT in dysphagia post‐stroke (SMD = 0·78, 95% CI: −0·22 to 1·78, P = 0·13, 4 studies, 175 patients). No studies reported complications of NMES. NMES is more effective for treatment of adult dysphagia patients of variable aetiologies than TT. However, in patients with dysphagia post‐stroke, the effectiveness was comparable.
Reduced immune responses to purified protein derivative and Candida albicans in oral lichen planus
Authors: Simark‐Mattsson Charlotte , Eklund Christina
Published: April 2013

Background

Impairment of cellular immunity is reported in lichen planus, an autoimmune disease affecting mucosae and skin. Our aim was to investigate immune responses directed against a set of microbial antigens in patients with oral lichen planus and in matched controls.

Methods

Venous blood was obtained, and the mononuclear cells were enriched by density gradient centrifugation. The proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed, following stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD), Candida albicans, phytohemagglutinin or when cells were left unstimulated, after three or six days of cell culture. The production of interleukin‐1ß (IL‐1ß), IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐13, IL‐17, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), G‐CSF, GM‐CSF, MCP‐1, MIP‐ß was assessed in supernatants using the Bio‐plex® assay and was complemented with ELISA for selected cytokines.

Results

Patients with oral lichen planus demonstrated reduced proliferative responses against PPD (P < 0.05) and C. albicans (P < 0.05). The majority of investigated cytokines, including the pro‐inflammatory, IFN‐γ and TNF‐α were expressed at reduced levels in PPD‐stimulated supernatants from patients with oral lichen planus.

Conclusions

Collectively, the findings suggested that memory lymphocytes from patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) may have an impaired functional ability to react against certain recall antigens, as part of a generalized response, which may reflect immune regulatory processes. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of down‐regulation in OLP pathogenesis and progression.
Sensory Description of Potato Puree Enriched with Individual Functional Ingredients and Their Blends
Authors: Jiménez María José , Canet Wenceslao , Alvarez María Dolores
Published: April 2013

This study compares trained, semi‐trained and untrained sensory profiles for seven potato puree (PP) samples by using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), flash profiling (FP) and projective mapping (PM), respectively. Data analysis methods for QDA, FP and PM were principal component analysis, generalized Procrustes analysis and multiple factor analysis (MFA). For the three profiling techniques, hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to group PPs as per their sensory profiles. Assessors' consensus was analyzed through MFA and correlation coefficients. For each technique, MFA also allowed assessing correlations between sensory and instrumental variables. Results showed that both FP and PM methodologies were able to identify differences in sensory characteristics of PPs, providing very similar sensory maps. Nevertheless, higher correlations between sensory attributes evaluated by semi‐trained and trained assessors were found, indicating that preferably FP should be used as a rapid choice to QDA in hot‐served PPs.

Practical Applications

But even with some restrictions, results of this study showed that with semi‐trained and untrained panels, spatial configurations obtained by FP and PM were relevant to describe sensory profiles of PPs. Both rapid substitute methods presented a strong correlation with QDA (high regression vector coefficients), but FP task would be preferred over PM. However, one disadvantage of these techniques is that they do not allow obtaining average rating scores, and therefore an assessment of least significant differences via analysis of variance can not be done. Therefore, it is important to highlight that both FM and PM methodologies might be particularly recommended when you cannot train a panel for a specific application, but preferably they should be considered complementary to trained assessors' data. Application of these consumer profiling techniques showed that there is a possibility of using inulin in combination with PPs to provide a highly nutritious product with improved consumers' acceptance.
Durability, Transit Lags, and Optimality of Inventory Management Decisions
Authors: Bloomfield Robert J. , Kulp Susan L.
Published: April 2013

Two laboratory experiments on a single‐echelon inventory task show that inventory durability interacts with transit lags to create order volatility that exceeds demand volatility. Thus, inventory durability and transit lags cause managers to deviate from inventory decision optimality. Durability creates a large increase in order volatility because players adjust orders insufficiently to reflect current inventory and backlogs, much as they adjust orders insufficiently to reflect holding and backlog costs in newsvendor studies (e.g., Schweitzer and Cachon 2000). Transit lags exacerbate non‐optimal ordering by interfering with players' ability to correct prior errors. Our results suggest that non‐optimal inventory decisions can be driven by inventory and supply chain characteristics, even in the absence of the coordination and information sharing problems studied by Croson et al. (2005) and Sterman (1989a,b). We also examine the influence of features related to personality. We find little evidence that the interactive effects of durability and transit lags are altered by need for cognition, impulsiveness, or locus of control, suggesting that these features make supply chain management extremely difficult. These results imply that retailers and their upstream partners must consider the characteristics of their product and supply chains when interpreting demand signals received from downstream partners.
A Hierarchical Bayesian Model for Improving Short-Term Forecasting of Hospital Demand by Including Meteorological Information
Authors: Sahu Sujit K. , Baffour Bernard , Harper Paul R. , Minty John H. , Sarran Christophe
Published: April 2013

The effect of weather on health has been widely researched, and the ability to forecast meteorological events can offer valuable insights into the effect on public health services. In addition, better predictions of hospital demand that are more sensitive to fluctuations in weather can allow hospital administrators to optimize resource allocation and service delivery. Using historical hospital admission data and several seasonal and meteorological variables for a site near the hospital, the paper develops a novel Bayesian model for short-term prediction of the numbers of admissions categorized by several factors such as age group and sex. The model proposed is extended by incorporating the inherent uncertainty in the meteorological forecasts into the predictions for the number of admissions. The methods are illustrated with admissions data obtained from two moderately large hospital trusts in Cardiff and Southampton, in the UK, each admitting about 30000–50000 non-elective patients every year. The Bayesian model, computed by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, is shown to produce more accurate predictions of the number of hospital admissions than those obtained by using a 6-week moving average method which is similar to that widely used by hospital managers. The gains are shown to be substantial during periods of rapid temperature changes, typically during the onset of cold and highly variable winter weather.
Estimating Prevalence of Injecting Drug Users and Associated Heroin-Related Death Rates in England by Using Regional Data and Incorporating Prior Information
Authors: King Ruth , Bird Sheila M. , Overstall Antony M. , Hay Gordon , Hutchinson Sharon J.
Published: April 2013

Injecting drug users (IDUs) have a direct social and economic effect yet can typically be regarded as a hidden population within a community. We estimate the size of the IDU population across the nine different Government Office regions of England in 2005–2006 by using capture–recapture methods with age (ranging from 15 to 64 years) and gender as covariate information. We consider a Bayesian model averaging approach using log-linear models, where we can include explicit prior information within the analysis in relation to the total IDU population (elicited from the number of drug-related deaths and injectors’ drug-related death rates). Estimation at the regional level allows for regional heterogeneity with these regional estimates aggregated to obtain a posterior mean estimate for the number of England's IDUs of 195840 with 95% credible interval (181700, 210480). There is significant variation in the estimated regional prevalence of current IDUs per million of population aged 15–64 years, and in injecting drug-related death rates across the gender × age cross-classifications. The propensity of an IDU to be seen by at least one source also exhibits strong regional variability with London having the lowest propensity of being observed (posterior mean probability 0.21) and the South West the highest propensity (posterior mean 0.46).
Multilevel Factor Analytic Models for Assessing The Relationship Between Nurse-Reported Adverse Events and Patient Safety
Authors: Diya Luwis , Li Baoyue , Heede Van den Koen , Sermeus Walter , Lesaffre Emmanuel
Published: April 2013

We explore health outcomes and nurse staffing data that are multivariate multilevel structured. These data can be used to relate latent constructs such as patient safety to hospital, nursing unit, nurse and patient characteristics by using factor analytic models. It is important that the multilevel nature of the data is taken into account; otherwise it can lead to invalid inferences. We explore the relationship between patient safety and nurse-reported adverse events from the Belgian chapter of the Europe Nurse Forecasting Survey. The data were split into a learning and a validation data set. Since no a priori factor structure has been proposed in the literature, we establish the factor structure by using a frequentist exploratory factor analysis on the learning data set and validate the factor structure proposed by using a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis on the validation data set. Multivariate analysis-of-variance discrepancy measures were used to assess the need for multilevel factor analysis. We establish that there was substantial between-nursing-unit, but not between-hospital, variability to warrant the use of multilevel factor analyses. The final model was a two-level (nurse level and nursing unit level) factor analytic model with two factors at both levels. The Bayesian approach offers more flexibility in fitting the multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. To avoid double usage of the data the validation and learning data sets were used to fit and assess the goodness of fit of the multilevel confirmatory factor analysis respectively.
Improvement of zirconium-doped hafnium oxide high-k dielectric properties by adding molybdenum
Authors: Lin Chi-Chou , Kuo Yue
Published: April 2013

Dielectric properties of the Zr-doped hafnium oxide high-k thin film were improved with the addition of a small amount of molybdenum. The addition of molybdenum reduced the interface density of states and the oxide charge trapping density due to the removal of some oxygen vacancies and Hf dangling bonds in the film. It also decreased the leakage current and increased the breakdown voltage because of the increase of the total film thickness. The barrier height between the gate electrode and the high-k film was lowered as a result of the formation of a dipole layer at the interface. Therefore, the addition of a small amount of metal is an effective method to improve the dielectric properties of the high-k film.
Noncanonical NF-κB Activation by the Oncoprotein Tio Occurs Through a Nonconserved TRAF3-Binding Motif
Authors: de Jong Sarah Jill , Albrecht Jens-Christian , Giehler Fabian , Kieser Arnd , Sticht Heinrich , Biesinger Brigitte
Published: April 2013

The viral protein Tio specifically stimulates noncanonical nuclear factor κB signaling through a distinct interaction with the adaptor and ubiquitin ligase TRAF3.
Pheromone-Induced Morphogenesis Improves Osmoadaptation Capacity by Activating the HOG MAPK Pathway
Authors: Baltanás Rodrigo , Bush Alan , Couto Alicia , Durrieu Lucía , Hohmann Stefan , Colman-Lerner Alejandro
Published: April 2013

Crosstalk between MAPK pathways activated by a single sensory input enhances yeast responses to multiple simultaneous stimuli.
Efficacy of Proveblue (Methylene Blue) in an Experimental Cerebral Malaria Murine Model
Authors: Dormoi Jérome , Briolant Sébastien , Desgrouas Camille , Pradines Bruno
Published: April 2013

Although 100% of untreated mice infected with
Plasmodium berghei
died with specific signs of cerebral malaria and 100% of mice treated with 3 mg/kg dihydroartemisinin, the active metabolite of artesunate, which is used as the first-line treatment for severe malaria, also died but showed no specific signs of cerebral malaria, 78% of mice treated with 10 mg/kg Proveblue (methylene blue) and 78% of mice treated with a combination of 3 mg dihydroartemisinin and 10 mg/kg Proveblue survived and showed no specific signs of cerebral malaria or detectable parasites.
Composition of Igneous Rocks, Stony Meteorites, and Iron Meteorites
Authors: Daly R. A. , Larsen E. S. , LaForge L.
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 11. Average chemical analyses of certain types of plutonic igneous rocks (R. A. Daly)22. Approximate mineral compositions of principal types of plutonic igneous rocks (E. S. Larsen)33. Composition of stony meteorites (L. LaForge)44. Composition of iron meteorites and meteoritic iron (L. LaForge)5

Remarks : Each average composition was computed from single analyses of specimens to which the respective reporters gave the name printed at the top of the column. The average may thus be regarded as at the center of gravity of opinion as to the composition of rocks which may properly be described by this name. For many purposes, these average compositions may be taken as adequately descriptive of the materials falling into the same classifications in other tables; for other purposes, the analysis of the individual specimens on which measurements have been made is essential.

Since most of the analysts neglected the effect of the adsorption of water by their specimens when pulverized, the proportion given for this oxide is in general somewhat too high. The analyses of significantly weathered specimens were excluded, insofar as possible, from the data finally used. On the whole, about three-fourths of the total water indicated was driven off at temperatures no higher than 105°C. It should be noted that the percentage of TiO2 in many of the older analyses is too low. This error of itself would make the reported percentages of Al2O3 slightly too high.

The average composition of the . . .
Strength and Plasticity
Authors: Griggs David
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 91. Standard crushing strengths of rocks1162. Critical data of translation gliding1173. Critical data of twin-gliding1204. Tests of unconsolidated sand1225. Strength of rocks confined in steel jackets1226. Short-time compressive strength of unjacketed materials with confining pressure of kerosene1237. Resistance to shearing under high confining pressure1268. Creep of certain materials1299. Creep tests of wet alabaster at different stresses129IllustrationsPageFigure1. Tresca’s apparatus1102. Adams’ apparatus1113. Schematic diagram of Griggs’ high-pressure apparatus1124. Bridgman’s shearing apparatus1135. Karman’s stress-strain diagram of jacketed marble tested in compression under confining pressure1246. Böker’s stress-strain diagrams of jacketed marble tested in tension under confining pressure1257. Griggs’ stress-strain diagrams for unjacketed Solenhofen limestone1308. Creep curves of alabaster130

In normal laboratory tests or in building applications most rocks are brittle rather than plastic and possess a well-defined strength which is independent of time or temperature within the usual limits of observations. This behavior has led to common acceptance of the concepts of “elastic limit” and “strength” of rocks, and these terms have been used frequently in reference to the behavior of rocks deep in the earth’s crust with the tacit assumption that such concepts apply under conditions of earth deformation without great change in form.

On the other hand, geological observations provide abundant evidence that rocks have exhibited a high degree of plasticity in . . .
Effect of Pressure on Phase Equilibria in Binary Condensed Systems
Authors: Gibson R. E.
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 131. Solubilities of different solids in water at atmospheric pressure1912. Effect of high pressures on the solubilities of certain salts in water at 25°C1933. Effect of pressure on the liquidus composition in the system dimethylaniline in monomethylaniline at 0°C1964. Effect of pressure on the eutectic temperature and composition in various systems197IllustrationsPageFigure 1.Effect of pressure on the solubility of certain substances in water1902. Pressure-composition equilibrium diagram for the system sodium chloride-water at 25°C1913. Pressure-composition equilibrium diagram for the system potassium sulfate-water at 25°C1924. Pressure-composition equilibrium diagram for the system ammonium nitrate-water at 25°C1925. Pressure-temperature relations for the equilibrium: sodium chloride dihydrate-sodium chloride-saturated solution1946. Pressure-temperature relations for the equilibrium: sodium sulfate decahydrate-sodium sulfate-saturated solution1957. Effect of pressure on the solubility, at 30°C., of m-dinitrobenzene in ethylacetate, and of naphthalene in tetrachloroethane1968. Effect of pressure on the temperature-composition equilibrium curves in the binary system aniline-phenol1999. Effect of pressure on the temperature-composition equilibrium curves in the binary system m-cresol-o-cresol20010. Solidus and liquidus curves at different pressures in the system p-dichlorobenzene-p-dibromobenzene20111. Effect of pressure on the temperature-composition curves in the system aniline-cyclohexane202

1. Adams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 53, 3769 (1931).

2. Adams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 2229 (1932).

3. Adams and Gibson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 4520 (1932).

4. Cohen and Sinnige, Z. physik. Chem. 67, . . .
Temperature-Pressure-Volume and Phase Relations of Water
Authors: Goranson Roy W.
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 141. Triple points2052. Equilibrium between two solid phases2063. Melting curves207Specific volume of liquid water:4.1. From 0° to 350°C.; 1 to 1000 bars2084.2. From −20° to 100°C.; 1 to 12,000 bars2084.3. At 25°C.; 1 to 12,000 bars2094.4. From 25° to 85°C.; 1, 500, and 1000 bars2095. Liquid-vapor saturation curve; heat of vaporization210Specific volume of water vapor:6.1. From 100° to 650°C.; 1 to 2000 bars2116.2. From 700° to 1200°C.; 50 to 4000 bars2117. Heat capacity of air-free water212

The data for specific volume are presented in separate tables rather than in a single composite because they are not all of equal accuracy. In order to express the results as a single composite, it would be necessary to assign statistical probabilities to each set of data, a procedure which at present would be arbitrary and unwarranted. Furthermore, no single set of data can be treated as self-consistent—i.e., as of uniform accuracy, and the change in experimental error with variations of temperature and pressure may at times have taken place in an unrecognized manner. Correction factors worked out for small overlaps cannot, therefore, be safely extrapolated over large areas.

In this section temperature is expressed in degrees centigrade, pressure in bars, and volumes or changes in volume in cubic centimeters per gram. Although there seems to be no apparent uniformity of usage with respect to large . . .
Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity
Authors: Birch Francis
Published: April 2013

ContentsPageTable 171. Thermal conductivity of cubic single crystals2452. Conductivity of crystal powders cemented by compression to 8000 atmospheres2473. Thermal conductivity of noncubic single crystals2484. Thermal conductivity of rocks2514.1. Effect of wetting and of simple compression on the thermal conductivity of certain rocks2585. Thermal conductivity of soil, snow, ice2596. Thermal conductivity of glass2607. Conductivity of a few common metals2628. Thermal conductivity of miscellaneous materials2639. Thermal conductivity of some common liquids, as function of pressure and temperature26510. Effect of hydrostatic pressure upon the thermal conductivity of solids266

In an isotropic homogeneous material the conduction of heat depends upon a single “constant” of the material, known as the thermal conductivity; this “constant” is a function of temperature, pressure, and other variables. The quantity of heat dQ conducted in unit time across an element of surface dS is given by the fundamental relation, dQ=−KdTdndS where K is the conductivity and dT/dn the gradient of the temperature in the direction of the normal to the surface element dS. Two “ c.g.s.” units of heat are in common use; the calorie (gram-calorie) and the joule; 1 calorie equals 4.185 joules. Using the centimeter, second, and Centigrade temperature scale, the corresponding units for thermal conductivity are the cal.·sec.−1cm.−1deg.−1 and the watt.·cm.−1deg.−1 (1 watt equals 1 joule/sec.). 1 cal.⋅sec.−1cm.−1deg.−1=4.185 watt⋅cm.−1deg.−11 watt⋅cm.−1deg.−1=0.239 cal.⋅sec.−1cm.−1deg.−1

A unit sometimes encountered in engineering work is the British thermal unit per square foot per hour for . . .
Recruitment sources and dispersal of an invasive fish in a large river system as revealed by otolith chemistry analysis
Authors: Crook David A. , Macdonald Jed I. , McNeil Dale G. , Gilligan Dean M. , Asmus Martin , Maas Roland , Woodhead Jon
Published: April 2013

The contributions of nursery habitats to recruitment of non-native common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were estimated via analysis of water and otolith 87Sr/86Sr and otolith trace element concentrations (Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca) over 3 years in the Lachlan River, Australia. Water samples and otoliths of postlarval carp were analyzed to characterize 87Sr/86Sr and multi-elemental signatures of nursery habitats. Considerable temporal variation occurred in both water 87Sr/86Sr and otolith multi-elemental signatures, which limited our ability to directly match water and otolith 87Sr/86Sr in nurseries of the lower catchment. However, spatial variation in multi-elemental signatures was sufficient to allow accurate classification of nurseries within years. Assignment analysis of young-of-year fish suggested that several wetland and floodplain systems made significant contributions to young-of-year recruitment in the lower catchment. These contributions were strongly influenced by river flows and water management. Nurseries contributed fewer recruits to the main channel as distance from the nursery increased. Fish from the upper catchment originated from local sources, and there was no evidence of mixing of recruits between the upper and lower catchments. We conclude that identification of recruitment “hotspots” via otolith chemical analysis can assist in developing strategies to control invasive fishes in large river networks.
Insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome evolution in the early diverging angiosperm lineage Nymphaeales (water lilies)
Authors: Pellicer J. , Kelly L.J. , Magdalena C. , Leitch I.J.
Published: April 2013

Nymphaeales are the most species-rich lineage of the earliest diverging angiosperms known as the ANA grade (Amborellales, Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales), and they have received considerable attention from morphological, physiological, and ecological perspectives. Although phylogenetic relationships between these three lineages of angiosperms are mainly well resolved, insights at the whole genome level are still limited because of a dearth of information. To address this, genome sizes and chromosome numbers in 34 taxa, comprising 28 species were estimated and analysed together with previously published data to provide an overview of genome size and chromosome diversity in Nymphaeales. Overall, genome sizes were shown to vary 10-fold and chromosome numbers and ploidy levels ranged from 2n = 2x = 18 to 2n = 16x = ∼224. Distinct patterns of genome diversity were apparent, reflecting the differential incidence of polyploidy, changes in repetitive DNA content, and chromosome rearrangements within and between genera. Using model-based approaches, ancestral genome size and basic chromosome numbers were reconstructed to provide insights into the dynamics of genome size and chromosome number evolution. Finally, by combining additional data from Amborellales and Austrobaileyales, a comprehensive overview of genome sizes and chromosome numbers in these early diverging angiosperms is presented.
THE FLOW FIELD ACTING ON THE FLUTTERING PROFILE, KINEMATICS, FORCES AND TOTAL MOMENT
Authors: KOZÁNEK JAN , VLČEK VÁCLAV , ZOLOTAREV IGOR
Published: April 2013

A high speed camera was used for interferometry visualization (in different phases of the motion) of the fluttering NACA0015 profile supported in a translational and rotational manner. First, the simplified mathematical model of the support of investigated profile was identified from minimum least squares differences between modeled and measured system responses. A special graphical Matlab procedure was proposed for evaluation of interferograms. Kinematic analysis defining motion of the profile as a function of time was obtained by a regression using the least squares method. Numerical integration of pressure functions around the airfoil surface allows for calculation of the resulting aerodynamic forces and moments.
ON THE MODEL THEORY OF THE LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION IN COMPACT LIE GROUPS
Authors: L'INNOCENTE SONIA , POINT FRANÇOISE , TOFFALORI CARLO
Published: April 2013

Given a compact linear Lie group G, we form a natural expansion of the theory of the reals where G and the graph of a logarithm function on G live. We prove its effective model-completeness and decidability modulo a suitable variant of Schanuel's Conjecture.
ON THE UNITARY UNITS OF THE GROUP ALGEBRA 𝔽2mM16
Authors: RAZA ZAHID , AHMAD MAQSOOD
Published: April 2013

In this note, we have given the center Z(V*(𝔽2mM16)) of unitary units subgroup V*(𝔽2mM16) of group algebra 𝔽2mM16, where M16= 〈x, y | x8= y2= 1, xy = yx5〉 is the Modular group of order 16 and 𝔽2mis any finite field of characteristic 2, with 2melements. The structure of the unitary unit subgroup V*(𝔽2mM16) of the group algebra 𝔽2mM16, is also described, see Theorem 3.1.
A FINITENESS RESULT FOR ATTACHED PRIMES OF ARTINIAN LOCAL COHOMOLOGY MODULES
Authors: NHAN LE THANH , VAN HOANG NGUYEN
Published: April 2013

Let (R, 𝔪) be a Noetherian local ring. For an integer s ≥ -1 and an Artinian R-module A, we introduce the notion of A-cosequence in dimension > s and show that the set of all attached primes [Formula: see text] satisfying dim (R/𝔭) ≥ s is a finite set whenever (x1, …, xk) is an A-cosequence in dimension > s. As an application, we give a finiteness result for attached primes of certain Artinian local cohomology modules of a finitely generated R-module.
ON A FORMULA FOR THE PI-EXPONENT OF LIE ALGEBRAS
Authors: GORDIENKO A. S.
Published: April 2013

We prove that one of the conditions in Zaicev's formula for the PI-exponent and in its natural generalization for the Hopf PI-exponent, can be weakened. Using the modification of the formula, we prove that if a finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebra acts by derivations on a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a field of characteristic 0, then the differential PI-exponent coincides with the ordinary one. Analogously, the exponent of polynomial G-identities of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra with a rational action of a connected reductive affine algebraic group G by automorphisms, coincides with the ordinary PI-exponent. In addition, we provide a simple formula for the Hopf PI-exponent and prove the existence of the Hopf PI-exponent itself for H-module Lie algebras whose solvable radical is nilpotent, assuming only the H-invariance of the radical, i.e. under weaker assumptions on the H-action, than in the general case. As a consequence, we show that the analog of Amitsur's conjecture holds for G-codimensions of all finite-dimensional Lie G-algebras whose solvable radical is nilpotent, for an arbitrary group G.
C-RINGS, COPRODUCTS, AND REFLECTION FUNCTORS
Authors: GREEN EDWARD L. , LOEHR NICHOLAS A. , PELLEY ALLEN N.
Published: April 2013

The paper begins with a detailed study of the category of modules over two different rings using a coproduct construction. If C is a commutative ring and R and S are rings together with ring homomorphisms from C to R and C to S, then we show that the category of C-modules that are also left R-modules and right S-modules is equivalent to the category of left modules over the coproduct of R and S op in an appropriate category. Letting K denote a field, we apply this to show that the category of K-representations of a quiver that is reflection equivalent to a path algebra KΓ is equivalent to a full subcategory of left and right K-representations of KΓ.
SUMS OF UNITS IN RINGS
Authors: GROVER HARPREET K. , WANG ZHOU , KHURANA DINESH , CHEN JIANLONG , LAM T. Y.
Published: April 2013

In this paper, we study rings that are additively generated by units. We prove that if the identity in a ring with stable range one is a sum of two units, then every (von Neumann) regular element is a sum of two units. It follows that every element in a unit-regular ring is a sum of two units if the identity is a sum of two units. Also, if the identity of a strongly π-regular ring is a sum of two units, then every element is a sum of three units.
EXPONENTIAL PROPAGATORS (INTEGRATORS) FOR THE TIME-DEPENDENT SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION
Authors: BANDRAUK ANDRÉ D. , LU HUIZHONG
Published: April 2013

The time-dependent Schrödinger Equation (TDSE) is a parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) comparable to a diffusion equation but with imaginary time. Due to its first order time derivative, exponential integrators or propagators are natural methods to describe evolution in time of the TDSE, both for time-independent and time-dependent potentials. Two splitting methods based on Fer and/or Magnus expansions allow for developing unitary factorizations of exponentials with different accuracies in the time step △t. The unitary factorization of exponentials to high order accuracy depends on commutators of kinetic energy operators with potentials. Fourth-order accuracy propagators can involve negative or complex time steps, or real time steps only but with gradients of potentials, i.e. forces. Extending the propagators of TDSE's to imaginary time allows to also apply these methods to classical many-body dynamics, and quantum statistical mechanics of molecular systems.
QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDY ON THERMAL DECOMPOSITION MECHANISM OF CALCIUM CARBONATE
Authors: ZHAO ZHEN , WANG DI , WANG QI , LI ZHI , FANG ZHIGANG
Published: April 2013

A detailed quantum chemical calculation is performed at the MP2(full)/6-311G* level to explore the mechanism of calcium carbonate thermal decomposition. Four microscopic pathways are identified. The rate constants of rate-determining steps in four pathways are calculated over a temperature range 298–1200 K. The calculating results show that only path A (R( CaCO 3) → IM 1 → P( CaO + CO 2)) and path B (R( CaCO 3) → IM B1 → IM B2 → P( CaO + CO 2) have contributions to the CaCO 3 thermal decomposition, and path A may be more favorable than path B. The present theoretical studies may provide useful information in understanding reaction mechanism of metal carbonates at the molecular level.
DYNAMICALLY SEARCHING FOR A DOMAIN FOR PROTEIN FUNCTION PREDICTION
Authors: HOU JINGYU , JIANG YONGQING
Published: April 2013

The availability of large amounts of protein–protein interaction (PPI) data makes it feasible to use computational approaches to predict protein functions. The base of existing computational approaches is to exploit the known function information of annotated proteins in the PPI data to predict functions of un-annotated proteins. However, these approaches consider the prediction domain (i.e. the set of proteins from which the functions are predicted) as unchangeable during the prediction procedure. This may lead to valuable information being overwhelmed by the unavoidable noise information in the PPI data when predicting protein functions, and in turn, the prediction results will be distorted. In this paper, we propose a novel method to dynamically predict protein functions from the PPI data. Our method regards the function prediction as a dynamic process of finding a suitable prediction domain, from which representative functions of the domain are selected to predict functions of un-annotated proteins. Our method exploits the topological structural information of a PPI network and the semantic relationship between protein functions to measure the relationship between proteins, dynamically select a suitable prediction domain and predict functions. The evaluation on real PPI datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method, and generated better prediction results.
COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS OF THE FIRST PASSAGE TIME FOR MULTIVARIATE TRANSFORMED BROWNIAN MOTIONS WITH JUMPS
Authors: ZHANG DI , MELNIK RODERICK V. N.
Published: April 2013

Many problems in science, engineering, and finance require the information on the first passage time (FPT) of a stochastic process. Mathematically, such problems are often reduced to the evaluation of the probability density of the time for such a process to cross a certain level, a boundary, or to enter a certain region. While in other areas of applications the FPT problem can often be solved analytically, in finance we usually have to resort to the application of numerical procedures, in particular when we deal with jump-diffusion stochastic processes (JDP). In this paper, we propose a Monte-Carlo-based methodology for the solution of the FPT problem in the context of multivariate (and correlated) JDPs. The developed technique provides an efficient tool for a number of applications, including credit risk and option pricing. We demonstrate its applicability to the analysis of default rates and default correlations of several different, but correlated firms via a set of empirical data.
Synthesis and photophysical properties of a novel ethynyl zinc(II) phthalocyanine and its functionalized derivative with click chemistry
Authors: Sevim Altuğ Mert , Özçeşmeci İbrahim , Gül Ahmet
Published: April 2013

The synthesis of novel, symmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) bearing four ethynylcyclohexyloxy terminal moieties was achieved by cyclotetramerization of novel 4-(2-ethynylcyclohexyloxy) phthalonitrile in pentanol in the presence of DBU and zinc acetate without any protective/deprotective chemistry. Subsequently, this new zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative was reacted with 6-azido-hexanoic acid under "click-chemistry" conditions to give phthalocyanine-hexanoic acid conjugates linked by 1,2,3-triazole units. The new compounds have been characterized by using elemental analyses, UV-vis, FTIR, 1 H NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The aggregation properties of the compounds were investigated in different concentrations. General trends are also described for fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes of novel zinc derivatives in tetrahydrofuran. The fluorescence of the tetrasubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine complexes is effectively quenched by 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ) in THF.
An efficient synthesis of metal-free tetraazachlorinsviaindium complexes
Authors: Makarova Elena A. , Dudkin Semyon V. , Lukyanets Evgeny A.
Published: April 2013

An efficient synthetic route for the preparation of benzene or 1,2-naphthalene fused and phenyl substituted metal-free tetraazachlorins with yields up to 40% was developed using In ( III ) as a removable template. New substituted tribenzotetraazachlorins derivatives with tert-butyl and phenylsulfanyl groups in β and α position of fused benzene rings, correspondingly, were synthesized by novel approach and their spectral properties were investigated.
EOF-MSE ADAPTIVE METHOD TO ASSESS AN ACID DEPOSITION MONITORING NETWORK OVER ALBERTA, CANADA
Authors: SHEN SAMUEL S. P. , BANTLE MARKUS , DONAHUE AARON S. , WONG RAYMOND , LEE CHRISTINE K.
Published: April 2013

This study provides an adaptive data analysis method that assesses Alberta's acid deposition monitoring network of 9 stations and the relative importance of each station. The method is based on the assessment of the mean square error (MSE) of sampling expressed in terms of empirical orthogonal functions (EOF). The annual potential acid input (PAI) data of the 9 stations over Alberta, Canada are used in this study. The patterns of the EOFs and PCs (principal components) are analyzed to reflect the PAI's spatial-temporal distribution properties. The definition and minimization of the MSE are the basis for our assessment method. The mean PAI field in the period of 1993–2006 and the PAI fields of individual years demonstrate a strong spatial inhomogeneity of the PAI field over Alberta. The PAI level is high in the Red Deer–Calgary–Kananaskis corridor. Our optimal analysis indicates that the 9-station network is, in general, adequate in monitoring the overall PAI in Alberta. The network results in a small root-mean-square-error/standard-deviation ratio (5.6%), which demonstrates the reasonable effectiveness of the network. In the period of 14 years (1993–2006), there were only three years (1993, 1998, and 2002) during which the PAI values were higher than the monitoring load of 0.17 [keq H+ ha-1yr-1] at three locations: Red Deer, Calgary, and Kananaskis. According to a station's contribution to the reduction of sampling error, the descending order of importance for the 9 stations is as follows: Beaverlodge, Fort Chipewyan, Suffield, Red Deer, Cold Lake, Kananaskis, Calgary, Fort Vermilion, and Fort McMurray.