bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault Tolerance Model for Efficient Actor Recovery Paradigm in WSAN
Authors: Mahjoub Reem Khalid , Elleithy Khaled
Published: October 2018

Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSAN) is an area where sensors and actors collaborate to sense, handle and perform tasks in real-time. Thus, reliability is an important factor. Due to the natural of WSAN, actor nodes are open to failure. Failure of actor nodes degrades the network performance and may lead to network disjoint. Thus, fault tolerance techniques should be applied to insure the efficiency of the network. In an earlier work, the authors proposed an efficient actor recovery paradigm (EAR) for WSAN which handles the critical actor node failure and recovery while maintaining QoS. EAR is supported with node monitoring and critical node detection (NMCND), network integration and message forwarding (NIMF), priority-based routing for node failure avoidance (PRNFA) and backup selection algorithms. In this article, the authors extend the work by adding a fault tolerance mathematical model. By evaluating the model, EAR shows to manage fault tolerance in deferent levels. To evaluate the effectiveness, the EAR fault tolerance is evaluated by simulation using OMNET++ Simulation. In addition, EAR reliability is measured and compared with RNF, DPCRA, ACR, and ACRA.
45.5X Infinity Corrected Schwarzschild Microscope Objective Lens Design
Authors: Alaruri Sami D.
Published: October 2018

In this article, the design of a 45.5X (numerical aperture (NA) =0.5) infinity corrected, or infinite conjugate, Schwarzschild reflective microscope objective lens is discussed. Fast Fourier transform modulation transfer function (FFT MTF= 568.4 lines/mm at 50% contrast for the on-axis field-of-view), root-mean-square wavefront error (RMS WFE= 0.024 waves at 700 nm), point spread function (PSF, Strehl ratio= 0.972), encircled energy (0.88 µm spot radius at 80% fraction of enclosed energy), optical path difference (OPD=-0.644 waves) and Seidel coefficients calculated with Zemax® are provided to show that the design is diffraction-limited and aberration-free. Furthermore, formulas expressing the relationship between the parameters of the two spherical mirrors and the Schwarzschild objective lens focal length are given. In addition, tolerance and sensitivity analysis for the Schwarzschild objective lens, two spherical mirrors indicate that tilting the concave mirror (or secondary mirror) has a higher impact on the modulation transfer function values than tilts introduced by the convex mirror (or primary mirror). Finally, the performed tolerance and sensitivity analysis on the lens design suggests that decentering any of the mirrors by the same distance has the same effect on the modulation transfer function values.
Human Action Recognition Based on Inertial Sensors and Complexity Classification
Authors: Liu Lijue , Lei Xiaoliang , Chen Baifan , Shu Lei
Published: October 2018

In this article, a human action recognition technique based on complexity classification is proposed. Considering the features of human actions such as continuity, individuality, variety randomness, the demands for recognition of different types of actions are different, the problem of action recognition can be classified into simple action recognition and complex action recognition -- the classification criterions are given respectively. Meanwhile, the hardware design of data acquisition device is introduced and the angle variation is chosen to represent the user's body state changes. For simple actions, a real-time recognition algorithm based on template matching performed well on cost control, and a method based on BLSTM-RNN is used for complex motion recognition to improve the accuracy of identification.
Research on Semi-Structured and Unstructured Data Storage and Management Model for Multi-Tenant
Authors: Hu Xin , Xu Yabin
Published: October 2018

In order to solve the problem of data isolation and storage caused by the growth of semi-structured and unstructured data in SaaS mode, the multiple-universal table data storage and management model based on XML is proposed. XML management technology is introduced into the model, and using it to improve and optimize the multiple-universal table data storage model, and the model can effectively solve the problem of storage and management of semi-structured and unstructured data. Comparative experimental results show that, the method has high storage density and access rate, can be very good to meet the customized demand for multi-tenant data.
Research on Resource Allocation Strategy of PaaS Platform
Authors: Peng Hongen , Xu Yabin
Published: October 2018

In order to allocate elastic resource to the application of PaaS platform, the authors analyze the key technologies and the particularity of resource scheduling in PaaS platform, and design an application-oriented resource allocation model and heuristic scheduling algorithm based on an ant colony algorithm. Different from the existing resource allocation methods based on virtual machines in IaaS, the scheduling strategy is based on Application in PaaS platform. According to the analysis of the application layout, the heuristic algorithm is used to minimize the number of application migration and reduce the waiting time of the task. In order to avoid falling into the loop or local optimal solution, the authors also used a tabu search technique. The results of comparative experiments show that, this strategy has higher resource utilization and shorter task waiting time.
An Inductive Logic Programming Algorithm Based on Artificial Bee Colony
Authors: Li Yanjuan , Niu Mengting , Guo Jifeng
Published: October 2018

Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a hot research field in machine learning. Although ILP has obtained great success in many domains, in most ILP system, deterministic search are used to search the hypotheses space, and they are easy to trap in local optima. To overcome the shortcomings, an ILP system based on artificial bee colony (ABCILP) is proposed in this article. ABCILP adopts an ABC stochastic search to examine the hypotheses space, the shortcoming of deterministic search is conquered by stochastic search. ABCILP regard each first-order rule as a food source and propose some discrete operations to generate the neighborhood food sources. A new fitness is proposed and an adaptive strategy is adopted to determine the parameter of the new fitness. Experimental results show that: 1) the proposed new fitness function can more precisely measure the quality of hypothesis and can avoid generating an over-specific rule; 2) the performance of ABCILP is better than other systems compared with it.
A Design of Autopilot Based on the Feedback Linearization Optimal Heading Control Algorithm
Authors: Sun Zhipeng , Wu Qin , Li Xiaogang , Wang Hongbo
Published: October 2018

This article designs a heading control autopilot which contains three parts: a control and display unit (CDU); a steering control unit (SCU) and a algorithm control unit (ACU), adopting the feedback linearization optimal control algorithm in the ACU. The characteristic of this algorithm is that it combines the nonlinear disturbance existing in the ship motion and the ship's feedback rudder angle into a new rudder angle, so that the impact disturbance could be eliminated. This autopilot has completed closed-loop experiments in the lab under the semi-physical situation. According to the test results, the autopilot hardware circuit has high stability, as well as fast operation speed. The control algorithm has the merits of a lower steering number and strong anti-jamming capability.
Differential and Overlapping Immune Programs Regulated by IRF3 and IRF5 in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Chow Kwan T. , Wilkins Courtney , Narita Miwako , Green Richard , Knoll Megan , Loo Yueh-Ming , Gale Michael
Published: October 2018

We examined the signaling pathways and cell type–specific responses of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 5, an immune-regulatory transcription factor. We show that the protein kinases IKKα, IKKβ, IKKε, and TANK-binding kinase 1 each confer IRF5 phosphorylation/dimerization, thus extending the family of IRF5 activator kinases. Among primary human immune cell subsets, we found that IRF5 is most abundant in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Flow cytometric cell imaging revealed that IRF5 is specifically activated by endosomal TLR signaling. Comparative analyses revealed that IRF3 is activated in pDCs uniquely through RIG-I–like receptor (RLR) signaling. Transcriptomic analyses of pDCs show that the partitioning of TLR7/IRF5 and RLR/IRF3 pathways confers differential gene expression and immune cytokine production in pDCs, linking IRF5 with immune regulatory and proinflammatory gene expression. Thus, TLR7/IRF5 and RLR–IRF3 partitioning serves to polarize pDC response outcome. Strategies to differentially engage IRF signaling pathways should be considered in the design of immunotherapeutic approaches to modulate or polarize the immune response for specific outcome.
NANOPARTICLES: AN OVERVIEW OF THE PREPARATION METHODS FROM PREFORMED POLYMERS
Authors: Stella Barbara , Marengo Alessandro , Arpicco Silvia
Published: October 2018

Polymer nanoparticles have many potential applications in biomedical field, since they can be used as drug delivery systems and/or for diagnostic purposes. The encapsulation into polymer nanoparticles may prevent drug degradation, control the rate and extent of release, and deliver a higher concentration of the active molecule to a desired organ/tissue. Nevertheless, the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles may greatly influence the activity of the encapsulated molecule. To obtain a suitable drug delivery system the choice of the nanoparticle preparation method is a crucial key. The selection of a specific technique is generally determined by the physicochemical characteristics of both polymer and drug, the delivery route, regulatory restrictions, and the desired physicochemical and morphological parameters of the nanoparticles. Two main strategies are employed for the preparation of polymer nanoparticles: the dispersion of preformed polymers and the polymerization of monomers. This review focuses on most commonly used methods that start from preformed polymers, and, in particular, on five techniques: nanoprecipitation, salting- out, emulsification diffusion, emulsification evaporation, and double emulsion solvent evaporation.
STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIVE APPROACHES DEVELOPED FOR THE ACTIVE TARGETING OF DRUGS
Authors: Arpicco Silvia , Marengo Alessandro , Stella Barbara
Published: October 2018

The ability to selectively deliver a drug to a specific organs or tissues is called “drug targeting”. This approach was initially reported by Paul Erlich describing a magic bullet able to act selectively towards a specific pharmacological target. In the pharmaceutical technology field the concept described by Ehrlich defines products able to selectively deliver and release the drug in a specific site thanks to the action of three components: i) an inert and water soluble polymeric carrier; ii) a biodegradable spacer linking polymer and drug; iii) a drug covalently linked to the spacer. Moreover, it is possible to add to the system a targeting agent that improve the targeting ability towards target cells reducing the nonspecific interaction of the system with normal ones. The active targeting is obtained through functionalization with portions that confer the ability to: i) recognize and specifically bind receptors overexpressed on the target cells or tissues (i.e. monoclonal antibodies or fragments, folate, transferrin); ii) be able to respond to local stimuli present in the pathological area; iii) allow the penetration of the drug into the target cells. The active targeting approach lead to an increased binding of the nanosystems to the specific site. The targeting ability is obtained thanks to the interaction of the targeting agents with specific antigens or receptors overexpressed on the target cells or tissues. The active targeted nanocarriers are characterized by increased drug uptake and reduced side effects.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
Authors: Pellicciari Carlo , De Bernardi Fiorenza
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile / Not available
ITALIAN SCHOLARS ON IBADISM
Authors: Ersilia Francesca
Published: October 2018

Il contributo Ã¨ incentrato sullâ€™apporto che studiosi italiani del secolo scorso hanno dato ad una migliore comprensione dellâ€™Ibadismo. Laura Veccia Vaglieri, Carlo Alfonso Nallino, Mario Martino Moreno, Roberto Rubinacci, insieme a Vanna Cremonesi e Generosa Crupi La Rosa sono stati tra i primi a sottolineare lâ€™importante contributo degli Ibaditi al pensiero islamico e, piÃ¹ in generale, alla formazione della cultura islamica. I risultati da essi raggiunti - al di lÃ  delle conclusioni di ciascuno studioso â€“ sono di fondamentale importanza poichÃ© attraggono lâ€™attenzione su questioni cruciali come il passaggio di idee e dottrine allâ€™interno della comunitÃ  musulmana. Nonostante la sua antichitÃ , lâ€™Islam Ibadita continua ad essere poco conosciuto e mal compreso. Spesso si riducono le sue peculiaritÃ  ad alcune dottrine politiche e ad un certo â€œpuritanesimoâ€ religioso. Ma il quadro Ã¨ molto piÃ¹ complesso. La scuola ibadita ebbe fin dalle origini uno sviluppo parallelo ma autonomo rispetto alle scuole sunnite, basato sullâ€™apporto di proprie autoritÃ  e giuristi. Gli Ibaditi hanno un ricco patrimonio letterario che risale fino alle origini dellâ€™Islam, il cui studio Ã¨ di grande potenzialitÃ  per una migliore comprensione sia dellâ€™Islam in generale sia dellâ€™apporto Ibadita in particolare.
REALISMO SCIENTIFICO SENZA SCIENTISMO: LA PROPOSTA DI HILARY PUTNAM
Authors: Lizzadri Antonio
Published: October 2018

The reflection of Hilary Putnam over the scientific realism endured frequent distortions inside the contemporary epistemologic debate. Just recently, in fact, in Philosophy in an Age of Science (2012), Putnam himself wanted to explicitly denounce the undeserved identification of his originary scientific realism with the scientism, as well as the illegitimacy of the resulting criticism of incoherence considering the new appreciation of metaphysics of the Nineties. On the other hand, in Mathematics, matter and method (1975), Putnam has already led a fierce criticism against the logical empiricist scientism and its deceptive and non realistic concept of science. The paper intents to present this criticism starting with the analysis of some essays from the first volume of the Philosophical Papers, in order to bring to the â€œbacklightâ€ surface the actual nature of his scientific realism. The scientific realism will, first of all, show itself like the attitude of the phylosopher, or rather of the scientist, in front of the scientific activity: differently from the non-realistic â€œdeductivismâ€ which prior imposes its own methodological rules as an essential warrancy of truth, the scientific realism refuses such â€œfeticismâ€ of the method, sure that the scientific activity works by itself in the sphere of truth, as in inside the space defined by the relationship between a subject and something else. Such polarity will be verified through Putnamâ€™s criticism against the geo-chronometric conventionalism of Adolf GrÃ¼nbaum (An Examination of GrÃ¼nbaumâ€™s Philosophy of Geometry, 1963), in terms of â€œexistential relevanceâ€ of scientific theories, even when recognising conventional elements in the definition with reference to physical quantities.
REALISMO, STRUTTURA, INFORMAZIONE
Authors: Mariani Cristian
Published: October 2018

In recent years, many scholars (Ladyman & Ross [39]; Floridi [25]; Bynum [9]) have been discussing the possibility of an â€˜informationalâ€™ realism. The common idea behind these projects is that of taking the notion of â€˜informationâ€™ as the central concept of both our scientific practice and our ontology. At the same time, many experts in Quantum Information Theory (Lloyd [40]; Vedral [53]; Chiribella, Dâ€™Ariano & Perinotti [14]) have developed the idea that it is possible to ground all our physical theories by following an information-theoretic approach. In what follows, I aim at showing that it is still not at all clear what does it mean to be an â€˜informational realistâ€™. Consequently, I show the reasons why I believe is misleading to talk about informational realism as something that could actually supersede the most common forms of realism, namely the standard â€˜object orientedâ€™ and the structural ones. Finally, I suggest that the only plausible way to define informational realism, and thus, more generally, to take a realist attitudine towards Quantum Information Theory, is that of assuming an epistemic and moderate structural position.
QUANTUM-RELATIVISTIC PHYSIS
Authors: Giannetto Enrico
Published: October 2018

Physics is considered as a particular kind of natural philosophy, related to a gnoseology of experimental actions. Quantum-relativistic physics implies the emergence of an indeterministic, entangled Nature, which shows itself as a dynamically organized totality like ancient Physis, in which mankind can understand itself in its existential and ethical dimension.
SALUTO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLâ€™ISTITUTO LOMBARDO
Authors: Sironi Gianpiero
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile.
EQUITÃ€ NEL DIRITTO MEDIEVALE E MODERNO: SPUNTI DELLA DOTTRINA
Authors: Padoa-Schioppa Antonio
Published: October 2018

The ethical and legal aspects of the of the idea of aequitas have been discussed widely since the early age of the Glossators, always on the basis of the fundamental definitions given by Aristoteles and by Cicero, as well as with reference to several (and dissenting among them) texts of the classical and postclassical Roman law present in the Justininan Corpus iuris. This article aims at focusing some significant phases of an uninterrupted debate, that is still open and alive in the present asset of the legal doctrines: from Irnerius and the four Doctors of the XII Century to the aequitas of the classical canon law, from the Commentators of the XIV Century (Baldus de Ubaldis) to the early italian city statutes and the mercantile jurisdiction of the guilds, from the English Equity to the Milanese highest Court (Senatus) of the XVI-XVIII Centuries, from Cuiacius to Grotius. At the centre of this debate are the ways suggested and discussed in order to shape a correct relationship between ius strictum and ius aequum, a aspect of the legal world that both the doctrines and the courts have had to deal with in any time.
EQUITÃ€ NEL DIRITTO ODIERNO
Authors: Zagrebelsky Gustavo
Published: October 2018

The need for case-specific justice, going beyond the law as a general and abstract norm, deeply penetrates the legal practice, from its origins to the present day. Examples taken from Plato and Aristotle are illustrated in this regard. These could spark an interest in tracing the tension between abstract generalities and concrete details in the theories of justice and in the history of judicial institutions throughout the ages. These include the tensions that emerged during the Enlightenment, as well as those from the period dominated by the doctrine of law as an expression of general will that was therefore just. The work highlights the renewal of this issue, crucial for our vision of the law and our expectations of it in current constitutional state, which in many respects has gone beyond the concept of the law from the Enlightenment Ã  la Montesquieu, Bentham and Beccaria, given the constitutional requirement to focus on the needs of specific cases. Within this revival, a particularly important role is played by the numerous cases in which the laws are declared unconstitutional because of their excessive generality or abstractness, or on the basis of the judiciaryâ€™s inability to pass a fair judgement on the case before them. This is a surprising result that has emerged from the principles of equality and adequacy of law, a result that also calls into question the concept of jurisdiction and problematises the suitability of a judicial organisation modelled on an official judge â€œsubject only to the lawâ€ in relation to the important, delicate and even dangerous function referred to by Plato as the â€œarte regiaâ€.
PRINCIPIA ETHICA E FILOSOFIA SOCIALE
Authors: Lunghini Giorgio
Published: October 2018

The Principia Ethica of G.E. Moore highly influenced the Society of the Apostles and the Bloomsbury Circle, and hence the â€˜visionâ€™ of J.M. Keynes. In Schumpeterâ€™s words: â€œGeneral Theory is the final outcome of Keynesâ€™s protracted struggle to make his vision of our era analytically operationalâ€. The Closing Notes on the social philosophy which the General Theory could lead to, represent in fact the best example of an economic theory intended to found a plan of economic policy, indicating the right way towards the greater good. Nowadays, the most apparent inadequacies of the economic society in which we live are the same as those reported by Keynes in 1936: the inability to provide full employment and the arbitrary and unfair distribution of wealth and income. What should be done, and could be done, if we all really share the view that unemployment and inequality are evil to be healed? According to Keynes, three things should be done: a redistribution of wealth and income, the euthanasia of the Rentier, and a wide socialization of the investment. This is a realistic and analytically well-founded design; however, â€œThe trouble is that capitalist leaders in the City and in parliament are not able to distinguish between the new instruments and measures to save capitalism and what they call Bolshevismâ€.
I SISTEMI PER LA MISURA E LA DISPENSA DELLE ACQUE NEL DUCATO DI MILANO
Authors: Di Fidio Mario
Published: October 2018

Adopting an historical-scientific approach, the following paper describes the methods developed during centuries for the measurement and distribution of water in the territory of Milan that, since the end of XII century, has covered one predominant role in Europe thanks to the development of advanced irrigation technologies, the construction of large canals (e.g. Naviglio Grande, Muzza) and creation of one capillary irrigation waterway network, as result of the initiative of local free institutions. This waterway network reveal technical elements from the engineering tradition of large aqueducts of ancient Rome, designed to reach a high number of final users that were in competition. A special focus is dedicated to the hydraulic writings of Leonardo da Vinci (late XV century), that uses the characteristic technical language of Milan engineers, with whom Leonardo collaborated, highlighting his tribute to the local hydraulic tradition. The long historical process, mainly based on empirical trials, finishes in the second half of the XVI century with the creation of the â€œEdifici Magistraliâ€ by authorities of Milan. In advance of the Galilean scientific revolution, these special buildings allow to measure the water amount in a semi-precise way, transforming water like the other economic goods. This empirical model has maintained one leading position even after the birth of hydraulic science in 1628 (B. Castelli) and it has been admired and copied in many European countries until the mid of XIX century, as remarked in some French and English essays, devoted to Italian irrigation. The paper summarizes the reformist debate on the measurement and distribution of water amount started in Lombardy area at the time of the Enlightenment and continued during the Napoleonic Kingdom and the Restoration period.
ACQUE SOTTERRANEE: RISORSA IDRICA STRATEGICA NELLA PIANURA LOMBARDA
Authors: Cavallin Angelo , Bonomi Tullia , Fumagalli Letizia , Rotiroti Marco
Published: October 2018

A proper understanding of the water cycle, and in particular of the distribution and availability of groundwater will enable to evaluate their sustainability and manage them especially in critical situations which in the future will be related to climatic change with high temperature conditions, in which more consumable water is needed. Water use in Lombardy region is an economic opportunity and related consumption are described. To satisfy water uses it is necessary to develop an integrated system for a rational management in which groundwater have an important role. In DISAT researches to evaluate groundwater resources are developed by long time. Mathematical models applied to hydrogeology are used to verify and simulate real systems and to predict future scenarios. The methodology use an integrate system from a database of wells to software which permit to reconstruct the 3D geometry of subsoil and parameterize it according to the texture distribution of the subsoil to evaluate the water storage and its availability. According to these application and coupling models it will be possible, in the future, simulate the effects of critical situations related to groundwater and to identify the best solutions.
ACQUE, CAMPI E BOSCHI NELLA CIVILTÃ€ DELLE TERRAMARE. LE RAGIONI DI UN COLLASSO DI CIVILTÃ€ NELLA PIANURA PADANA DELLâ€™ETÃ€ DEL BRONZO
Authors: Cremaschi Mauro
Published: October 2018

The Terramare civilization spread in the middle of the Po plain during the middle and recent Bronze Ages (1550-1150 BC). It resulted in a complex and articulate culture that promoted a innovative territorial exploitation strategy, introducing for the first time in the Po plain the intensive agriculture based on irrigation. The area of Terramare was radically deforested to respond to the need for ample space of cultivated land and to provide timbers for the construction of the villages. Water management played a prominent role: a dense net of ditches and canals provided to irrigate the land surrounding the settlements. The civilization of Terramare collapsed at the end of the recent Bronze age The reasons for this crisis are still questioned, they probably have their roots in exploiting resources beyond the limits of sustainability. However a short but dramatic arid spell acted as decisive cause to unleash the collapse.
Lâ€™ARTE E LO STATO: DA RUSKIN A KEYNES
Authors: Lunghini Giorgio
Published: October 2018

The wealth of those societies in which the capitalist mode of productionprevails, writes Marx in first page of Capital, presents itself as â€œan immense accumula-tion of commoditiesâ€ - and art itself is now a commodity. The uniqueness of a work ofart is inseparable from its being embedded in the fabric of tradition: and that whichwithers in the age of mechanical reproduction according to W. Benjamin is the â€œauraâ€of the work of art. The technique of reproduction detaches the reproduced object fromthe domain of tradition: for the first time in world history, mechanical reproductionemancipates the work of art from its parasitical dependence on ritual.
LE CONDIZIONI DI SOSTENIBILITÃ€ PER Lâ€™ATTIVITÃ€ DI TUTELA
Authors: Dubini Paola
Published: October 2018

The article examines heritage conservation from an economic viewpointand considers the conditions for its sustainability. Conservation is crucial in any culturalpolicy, and the governmental role is fundamental in its support. However, the articlesuggests a much broader involvement of different stakeholders, both in acknowledgingits relevance and in supporting it.
DIBATTITO FINALE
Authors: V.V. A.A.
Published: October 2018

Non disponibile.
CATTANEO ILLUMINISTA
Authors: Francioni Gianni
Published: October 2018

Carlo Cattaneo came to know Giambattista Vicoâ€™s writings â€“ that were toshape his education â€“ through his master Giandomenico Romagnosi. The Neapolitanphilosopherâ€™s thought had been known to Lombard intellectuals at least since the 1760sbut it spread enormously when the Republicans fleeing Naples arrived in Milan andsupported a reading of Vico side by side the Lombard Lumi, starting from the themeof civilized development and the laws supporting it. Following on from Romagnosi,Cattaneo devoted a steady interest â€“ certainly stronger than any he had devoted to otherphilosophers, whether Italian or foreign â€“ in the Neapolitan thinker through his wholetheoretical production. Cattaneo strove to develop the most promising aspects of Vicoâ€™sthought, even though he was aware of its historical limitations â€“ that for certain aspectsfell behind even his own times â€“ and therefore of its distance from the Enlightenment,especially the Lombard Enlightenment, whose legacy he claimed to himself.
IL PROGETTO DELLA PSICOLOGIA DELLE MENTI ASSOCIATE
Authors: Fugazza Mariachiara
Published: October 2018

The new edition of the lectures delivered by Carlo Cattaneo at the IstitutoLombardo from 1859 to 1866 is a useful tool for understanding one of his last and most important theoretical works. It offers information on the project of the lectures and on their connection with other Cattaneoâ€™s works and in particular with his activity of teacher of Philosophy at the Lugano Liceo. The effort to give new basis to philosophyand to find a method for a sociological approach to history has always been a focus of Cattaneoâ€™s intellectual experience. Nevertheless he conceives his â€œpsicologia dellementi associateâ€ as a necessary complement of individual psychology especially in thesecond part of his life. His basic idea is that any human activity and above all scientific researches depend on the universal nature of thought, which is the source of human progress and involves every people. So Cattaneoâ€™s last work seems like a personal philosophy of intelligence. In the lectures at the Istituto Lombardo he appears as confident in progress, but at the same time is aware that a decline is always possible. He admires Sciences, but he rejects any deterministic explanation of the development of human thought and cultures.
MANTEGAZZA COME AMICO
Authors: Martini Luciano
Published: October 2018

The Author remember the fellowship with Paolo Mantegazza, from theattendance to the Medical Faculty to the entrance in the Institute of Pharmacologydirected by Emilio Trabucchi. Martini e Mantegazza lived later at the same time inEngland, respectively in Oxford and London, where their friendship became strongerto continue during the lecturing post of Mantegazza and when they both won therespective chair competition, Mantegazza was winner in Siena and Martini in Perugia.
PAOLO MANTEGAZZA E GLI UCCELLI DEL CIELO
Authors: Massa Renato
Published: October 2018

The earliest interest of Paolo Mantegazza in bird biology was expressed as an attention to the world of ornamental bird breeders. Later on, Mantegazza was so deeply fascinated by Riccardo Stradiâ€™s research on bird featherâ€™s pigments to sponsor a magnificent University annual book just dedicated to this theme. At the same time he became very much interested and openly supported the establishment of a new ornithological station at Albonico, a supporting institution that readily produced several degree theses in biological and /or natural sciences and, in addition, several research papers on special ecological themes regarding . the life history of song birds. The success of the above cited station also suggested to try to save the old Milan zoo by establishing a zoo research station on the model of the corresponding institutions of the Milan aquarium and natural history museum. The project was discussed in comparison with the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust, and, as such, was strongly supported by Mantegazza, but due to a political change of the Miano city hall administration, it was suddenly rejected while the whole work done up to that point was completely lost. The unfortunate story of the Milan zoo was shortly followed by a much luckier one, regarding the study of the parrot language. With the moral and material help of Mantegazza, a number of African parrots were even hosted in an especially built glass structure within the domain of the Department of Pharmacology. In addition, they were also studied on the field in a series of short expeditions to Tanzania and Uganda. The results of these activities were summarized in a numbers of papers and books. A special memory is also worth about the world list of the Italian bird names, a project that was started almost as a semantic joke and was subsequently so much developed to suggest to ask to our Rector (and readily obtain) a University contribution for its publication. The resulting bird name list was even worth a Crusca Academy praise and was extensively adopted since its publication in the popular ornithological literature in the Italian language. The first paper print, delivered in 1993, was followed by a second paper print in the year 2000 and, more recently, by an electronic version enriched by introductory texts to orders and families as well as by several pictures by a number of photographers. In summary, Paolo Mantegazza was deeply interested in bird biology and encouraged/sponsored a number of researches and cultural events on this topic within the University of Milano.
PAOLO MANTEGAZZA E LA FACOLTÃ€ DI MEDICINA: UNA PRESIDENZA DI CAMBIAMENTO
Authors: Coggi Guido
Published: October 2018

The years during which Paolo Mantegazza served as Dean of the Medical Faculty, the Country was involved in a considerably large social turmoil, under the pressure of the so called student revolution, which was spreading through Europe. Such a movement, albeit very often out of control (with dangerous deviations), still was, in its basic and best aspects, the expression of an urgent need for innovation and social change. Mantegazza, who was a very qualified scientist in Pharmacology, perceived by intuition the need for a controlled change in the style and action of his office, and used a â€œgentle leadershipâ€ to carry on consistent innovations in the traditional â€œacademicâ€ policy of the Faculty. His major achievement was twofold: first, he was able to expand the Faculty into city hospitals other than the traditional Main Central University Hospital, thus allowing students to perform clinical practice in a new environment, more patient oriented than the classical one; second, this expansion offered teachers and researchers the opportunity to practice a less formal teaching, paying more attention, both from a clinical, scientific and teaching point of view, to the complexity of the patient and his/her social and personal context, with relevant consequences on the educational approach and to teacher-students relationships.
THE RENAISSANCE OF FRICTION: FROM EMPIRISM TO PHYSICS â€“ AT THE NANOSCALE
Authors: Tosatti Erio
Published: October 2018

Friction and its science hold more than a record. One is longevity: from its very origins, mankind has had to reckon with it. Still today, reducing (or increasing) sliding friction remain technological and practical objectives of enormous importance â€” one can read for example that no less than 5% of all energy produced daily degrades into wasted frictional work. Another record is that despite the involvement of great scientist like Leonardo, who already five centuries ago gave friction its first scientific bases, there is still today no proper theoretical formulation of friction. Theorists like us mostly limit themselves to what P.W.Anderson jokingly defined in a different context â€œthe indignity of numerical simulationsâ€. However, progress in science does not take place because it is necessary, but because it is possible. In the last decades, new mesoscopic and nanoscopic experimental techniques opened new windows on frictional phenomena at the atomic and molecular level. Jump-started by the necessity and by the challenge to understand some of that data, theory and simulation progress is moving on along some lines which I will briefly describe.
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES: HEAT RECOVERY FROM EXHAUST GASES BY THERMOELECTRIC EFFECT
Authors: Sgroi Mauro Francesco
Published: October 2018

The concern related to global warming is generating a legislative pressure on reducing CO2 emissions that is forcing automotive industry to find alternative and more efficient solutions to internal combustion engines. In Europe, the current regulation for passenger vehicles limits the CO2 emissions calculated as fleet average to 130 g/km and fix a target value of 95 g/km to be achieved by 2021. Car manufacturers will have to pay heavy penalties for each registered vehicle exceeding the CO2 limits (â‚¬95 per exceeding gram by 2019). Concurrently, the regulations on toxic emissions (CO, NOx, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter) is also becoming more and more stringent and requires complex and costly abatement systems to respect the strict limitations imposed on NOx and particulate matter emissions. On the other hand, zero emission electric vehicles, based on batteries, are still not mature enough for a replacement of the internal combustion engine in extra-urban applications, since they are not able to guarantee the driving range required by customers. Hydrogen fuelled vehicles, could meet the same performance of conventional cars, but the cost of materials used in the fuel cell stack is preventing the penetration into the market. Therefore, even though characterized by low energy efficiency, the internal combustion engine will remain, in the short-medium term, the reference technology for the transport industry but the environmental regulations will impose its hybridization with electric systems. Hybrid architectures allow circulating in electric mode in urban areas, limiting the local pollution, and increase the efficiency of the car through energy recovery during breaking phases. An energetic analysis of conventional internal combustion engine reveals that about 70% percent of the chemical energy stored in the fuel is converted in to mechanical energy for traction: the remaining part is dissipated as heat in the exhaust gases (30%) and in the cooling circuit (40%). So a great amount of thermal energy (tens of kW) is available on a car and its effective recovery can dramatically increase the efficiency of the system. Hybrid systems facilitate this task, since the produced electric energy can be stored in the battery pack. Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) offer the possibility to directly convert thermal energy into electricity with a reduced complexity and potential low cost. Even though available semiconducting junctions are characterized by low efficiency and limited operating temperatures, coupling a TEG to the internal combustion engine would allow recovering about 1 kW of electric power on a medium size car, with a reduction of CO2 emissions of about 10 g/km.
SURPRISING BEHAVIOUR AND SINGULARITY IN THE SAINT VENANT APPROXIMATION FOR A FLUID
Authors: Luchini Paolo
Published: October 2018

A research line is reviewed which, over a few years, led to a substantial change of perspective about the simplified models that underlie the description of quasi-onedimensional streams, their instabilities, and their effects upon sandy beds. Even when the flow is assumed to be laminar, the Saint-Venant equation of quasi-onedimensional fluid flow can be formulated in more than one manner; it will be shown that only one of these choices is consistent with the complete three-dimensional Navier- Stokes equations. When the flow is turbulent, an added complication is the presence of a turbulence model, most often of the eddy-viscosity type; it will be shown that such a model can be in strong contrast with a direct numerical simulation of the same phenomenon, even to the point of producing results of opposite sign. In addition, the complete numerical simulation of flow past an undulated bottom exhibits a non-monotonic approach to its long-wave, quasi-onedimensional limit, with a surprising resonance that has no laminar counterpart and must become the subject of future investigations.
IL FLEBILE SUSSURRO DEL CAOS NELLâ€™ARMONIA DEI PIANETI
Authors: Giorgilli Antonio
Published: October 2018

The hystorical development of the problem of stability of the Solar System is revisited, starting fromthe work of Kepler. The following topics are included: (i) the discovery of the so called â€˜â€˜great inequalityâ€™â€™ of Jupiter and Saturn by Kepler himself; (ii) the dawn of perturbation theory in the work of Lagrange and Laplace and the problem of resonances; (iii) the discovery of chaotic motions in the work of PoincarÂ´e; (iv) the theorem of Kolmogorov on persistence of quasi periodic motions and the theory of Nekhoroshev on stability over exponentially long times. Finally, an account is given concerning some recent work on the actual applicability of the theorems of Kolmogorov and Nekhoroshev to realistic models of the Solar System, thus pointing out their relevance in discussing the problem of stability.
INTERVENTI
Authors: Corigliano Alberto
Published: October 2018

The next International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics ICTAM is announced, which will take place in Milan in 2020.
Myriad of MR imaging phenotypes of primary central nervous system lymphoma in a cohort of immunocompetent Indian patient population
Authors: Neelakantan Sankar , Kumaran Sunitha P , Viswamitra Sanjaya , Ghosal Nandita
Published: October 2018

PCNSL (primary central nervous system lymphoma) is a chemosensitive and radiosensitive tumor, and early diagnosis has a significant impact on management. Unlike many other brain tumors, radical surgical excision of PCNSLs is not indicated because these lesions are highly infiltrative and even partial resection leads to a bad prognosis. The goal of this study is to highlight the unusual radiological presentation of PCNSLs and increase the awareness, familiarity, and global database of our observations that pose a challenge on management.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in brain resulting from high-voltage electrical shock injury of the scalp
Authors: Chandrasekhar Dileep P , Noone Mohan L , Babu S P Harish , Bose V T Chandra
Published: October 2018

We report a case of high-voltage electrical injury to scalp, focusing on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in brain. A 51-year-old male suffered burns to the right side of scalp and loss of consciousness following electric shock. Brain abnormalities were detected on MRI taken 4 days after the insult. Right parietal lobe neuroparenchyma beneath the scalp burn defect demonstrated homogeneous hypointensity on T1-weighted MR images, while T2-weighted images depicted hyperintensity mainly in white matter forming finger-like projections. Follow-up MRI showed that the abnormality had disappeared, indicating that the cerebral edema was reversible.
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome
Authors: Lago Leal Víctor Lago , Cortés Luis Martínez , Del Cacho Carlos Seco Del
Published: October 2018

Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare sequence due to a complete obstruction of the fetal airway that blocks the larynx or trachea, either intrinsic atresia or extrinsic compression (e.g., congenital neck mass). Despite the true incidence of CHAOS is unknown, an incidence of 1 per 50,000 newborns is described. If any obstruction occurs in the tracheobronchial airway, this secretion cannot be extricated. Because of this situation, a knock-on effect starts: the enlargement of the lungs squeezes the heart and great veins, what results in a replacement of the heart to the center of the chest becoming small and dysfunctional. Decreased venous return and the failure of cardiovascular system end in ascites and hydrops. The diaphragm planes or inverts according to the severity of the process. In case of unrecognized syndrome during the prenatal period, it usually results in stillbirth or death shortly after delivery. The overall prognosis remains fatal, and long-term medical and surgical challenges for survivors remain considerable even after overcoming fetal intervention.
Predicting the molecular subtype of breast cancer based on mammography and ultrasound findings
Authors: Rashmi S , Kamala S , Murthy S Sudha , Kotha Swapna , Rao Y Suhas , Chaudhary K Veeraiah
Published: October 2018

Aim: To determine the correlation between mammography and ultrasound features of breast cancer with molecular subtypes and to calculate the predictive value of these features. Materials and Method: This is a prospective study of consecutive patients with breast cancer presenting between January 2016 and July 2017, who underwent mammography and/or ultrasound of breast and excision of the breast mass. Patients with contralateral breast mass, metastases, h/o prior cancer treatment, and other malignancies were excluded. On mammography, the presence or absence of microcalcification was noted. On ultrasound examination size, margins, microcalcification, posterior acoustic features, vascularity, and axillary nodes were assessed. Margins were categorized into circumscribed and non-circumscribed. Posterior acoustic features were classified into four categories: shadowing, enhancement, mixed, and no changes. Vascularity was assessed based on Adler's index into grades 0, 1, 2, and 3. Grades 0 and 1 were considered low and 2 and 3 were high. Results: Tumors with non-circumscribed margins and posterior acoustic shadowing were likely to be luminal A or B subtype of breast cancer [odds ratio (JR) 5.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.68–9.80; P < 0.0001]. Tumors with non-circumscribed margins, posterior acoustic shadowing, and high vascularity were more likely to be luminal B subtype (JR 2.88; 95% CI 2–4.14; P- <0.0001). Tumors with microcalcification and posterior mixed acoustic pattern were strongly associated to be HER2-positive (JR 5.48; 95% CI 3.06–9.80; P < 0.0001). Tumors with circumscribed margins and posterior acoustic enhancement were highly suggestive of triple-negative breast cancer (JR 7.06; 95% CI 4.64–10.73; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Microcalcification detected on mammography and certain ultrasound features such as circumscribed or non-circumscribed margins, posterior acoustic features, and vascularity are strongly correlated in predicting the molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and thus may further expand the role of conventional breast imaging.
Resilience, self-esteem, and body attitude in women from early to late adulthood
Authors: Izydorczyk Bernadetta C. , Rąba Monika , Sitnik-Warchulska Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

Background

There are only a few papers dealing with the correlation power of mental resources (i.e. resilience and self-esteem) and attitude towards one’s own body in women at different ages, from youth to late adulthood. The aim of the article was to present the results of research focusing on the influence of mental resources (resilience and self-esteem) on development of anti-health or health-promoting attitudes in adult women towards their own bodies.

Participants and procedure

The study involved 150 female participants aged 20–55 years. The following research methods were applied: the Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale SES, the Scale of Resilience Measurement SPP-25, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale by Thomson and Gray, the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI), the Body Esteem Scale BES by Franzoi and Shields, the Eating Disorder Inventory EDI, and the Questionnaire of Behaviour Towards the Body.

Results

The conducted analysis indicated a relevant relation between individual resources (both general self-esteem and mental resiliency) and cognitive emotional attitude towards one’s own body in the examined women. The predictors of behaviours towards one’s own body in the examined women turned out to be only a strong drive to be thin and fear of gaining weight. The strongest predictors of self-assessment of the body and the evaluation of physical attractiveness were general self-esteem and resilience. Self-esteem turned out to be the strongest predictor for satisfaction with sexual attractiveness.

Conclusions

Early diagnosis of distorted body image, and adopting a negative attitude towards it, can help to make more detailed psychological diagnosis of individual’s resources (resiliency and self-esteem) and their role in the development of the attitude towards one’s own body.