bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: a literary review
Authors: Abuabara-Franco Emilio , Bohórquez-Rivero José , Restom-Arrieta José , Uparella-Gulfo Isabella , Sáenz-López José , Restom-Tinoco José
Published: August 2021

El SARS-CoV2 representa al patógeno causante de una enfermedad altamente contagiosa y potencialmente mortal, denominada COVID-19. Dicha patología se ha extendido rápidamente a nivel mundial, constituyendo un importante problema de salud pública. La infección por SARS-CoV-2 afecta principalmente al sistema respiratorio, pero también puede existir el compromiso de otros órganos. En población susceptible la enfermedad puede cursar con manifestaciones clínicas graves, aumentando la tasa de complicaciones y tornando sombrío el pronóstico de estos individuos. Actualmente, el tratamiento es de soporte ya que no se cuenta con medicamentos terapéuticos específicos que tengan evidencia sólida para combatir la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Es por ello, que la piedra angular para evitar la propagación del nuevo coronavirus es la prevención. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura con base en la actual evidencia publicada, con la esperanza de ayudar al público a reconocer y dilucidar los aspectos más relevantes de la infección por SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.
Bioethics recognition, challenges and the rol in ethics commitees
Authors: Tuesca-Molina Rafael de Jesús
Published: August 2021

La normativa vigente en Colombia sobre aspectos éticos y bioéticos. Nuevos retos, el alcance actual de la normativa de cara a la globalidad y el rol de la formación en bioética
Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases in Colombia. An analysis of public policies
Authors: Escobar Díaz Gloria Lucia , Orozco Molina Angélica María , Núñez Montes José Rodrigo , Muñoz Fabian Leonardo
Published: August 2021

Objective Estimate and georeferenced the prevalence of CVD mortality, explore possible associated factors and analyze whether public policies generated in Colombia have managed to control or reduce CVD mortality. Materials and methods Mortality data were taken between 1993 and 2017, deaths were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases standard (ICD-10). The average percentage of deaths due to CVD was calculated, associated factors were identified. An approach was made around public policies and the State's action to guarantee the right to health. Results The average percentage of deaths by CVD to 2017 was 29.2%. In the age group of 15 to 45 years, there was a higher percentage of deaths in men. Since 2011 the world average was exceeded, from 1993 to 2017 the average percentage of mortality increased by 18.2%. Conclusions In Colombia there are public policies regarding controlling the burden and mortality of noncommunicable diseases, these policies conform to international conventions, although the statistics have shown results contrary to those expected. A rigorous application of the policies adopted by the state and an active participation of the private sector are urgently needed.
Acervo construido por futuros maestros de inglés y francés en su práctica en escuelas rurales
Authors: Viafara González John Jairo , Pachón Achuri Vitalia
Published: August 2021

Este estudio de caso cualitativo contó con la participación de futuros maestros de inglés y francés, hoy practicantes, pertenecientes a una escuela colombiana de idiomas que mantiene alianzas con instituciones educativas rurales de educación primaria en varias municipalidades vecinas. Mediante entrevistas y encuestas aplicadas a los participantes, los investigadores –también asesores– exploraron cómo las experiencias pedagógicas de estos practicantes en escuelas rurales influenciaron su construcción de conocimientos pedagógicos. Se determinó que la práctica en contextos rurales llevó a los futuros maestros a desmitificar principios pedagógicos para la enseñanza de lenguas previamente adquiridos, al considerar el propósito de los idiomas, la utilización de la lengua materna en las clases y la integración de temáticas tradicionalmente ajenas a la educación en esta área. Igualmente, se estableció que los participantes integraron teorías de pedagogía general en su labor, motivaron el desarrollo de habilidades interculturales en los niños y buscaron adaptarse a la metodología de la Escuela Nueva. Las implicaciones pedagógicas resaltaron la necesidad de incluir perspectivas socioculturales y críticas en el currículo de programas para la formación de futuros profesores de lenguas extranjeras.
Učitelské sdílení profesních zkušeností – aktuální pohled z českých škol
Authors: Smetáčková Irena , Vozková Anna
Published: August 2021

Cílem příspěvku je představit sdílení profesních zkušeností mezi učiteli a ukázat jeho úlohu v rámci profesního rozvoje. Výzkumy ukazují, že sdílení posiluje (sebe)reflexi vyučujících a prohlubuje pozitivní kolegiální vztahy a spolupráci v učitelských sborech. Zároveň však k němu existují určité bariéry a negativní postoje. Článek představuje výsledky výzkumu, který proběhl v českém prostředí. Jeho záměrem bylo zjistit, jaké zkušenosti mají čeští vyučující s profesním skupinovým sdílením a jaké výhody a nevýhody u něj vnímají.
Metody: Výzkum probíhal formou on-line dotazníkového šetření mezi vyučujícími regionálního školství. Dotazník obsahoval 20 položek. Žádost o vyplnění byla rozeslána na všechny školy registrované v rejstříku škol. Dotazník kompletně vyplnilo 2 377 osob. Následná analýza zahrnovala deskriptivní statistiku, testování rozdílů mezi podskupinami podle osobní zkušenosti s profesním sdílením a kvalitativní metody jako např. otevřené kódování.
Výsledky: 43 % vyučujících mělo zkušenost s nějakým typem pravidelného skupinového sdílení zkušeností, pouze 4,5 % mělo zkušenost se supervizí, 1 % s intervizí. 33 % těchto setkání bylo vedeno externisty a 56 % bylo povinných. Jako největší přínosy setkání byly uváděny vzájemná motivace, inspirace a budování společné vize. Hlavní překážky pro sdílení byly nedostatek financí, zavalení jinými úkoly a obava sdílet problémy.
Závěry: Většina zahrnutých vyučujících (57 %) neměla přístup k profesnímu sdílení, přitom ale 61 % by mělo o zavedení sdílení zájem. Osobní zkušenost s ním se navíc ukázala jako důležitý faktor pro hodnocení překážek a přínosů. Vyučující, kteří měli osobní zkušenost se sdílením, hodnotili všechny. přínosy jako důležitější a překážky jako méně významné.
Projekt Komenský 2020
Authors: Hábl Jan
Published: August 2021

Má lidstvo budoucnost? Směřujeme nezvratitelně do záhuby, nebo máme očekávat lepší zítřky? Jak na tom jsme? Rok 2020 poskytl příležitost promyslet vyhlídky lidstva, byl totiž rokem významného výročí. Když Jan Amos Komenský před 350 lety zemřel, zanechal po sobě své největší nedokončené dílo s názvem Obecná porada o nápravě věcí lidských. Dílo je to krásné, hluboké a rozsáhlé. Původní rukopis čítal nějakých 2000 stran textu. Překlad z latiny do češtiny byl rozvržen do tří svazků, každý přes pět set stran. Jedná se tedy o velkolepý projekt, unikátní myslitelský počin, literární poklad, jeden ze zdrojů evropského duchovního dědictví. Dodnes z něj čerpáme. Vždyť nejhlubší lidské otázky, které pojednával Komenský, řešíme i dnes. Co jsou to věci lidské, co je s nimi v nepořádku, a také otázka nejdůležitější – dají se nějak napravit, reformovat, polepšit? Projekt Komenský 2020 usiloval o popularizaci Komenského Porady i širšího humanitního odkazu.
Cocaína durante la gestación y conducta materna postparto en ratones.
Authors: Santacruz Ortega María del Pilar , Marrero Quevedo Rosario J. , Bethencourth Perez Juan Manuel , Castellano Miguel Ángel , Peñate Castro Wenceslao
Published: August 2021

El abuso materno de cocaína durante la gestación se relaciona con negligencia, maltrato y perturbación del vínculo madre- hijo, lo que incide directamente en el desarrollo de los infantes; por esto, las diversas problemáticas neuroconductuales de los hijos de padres drogodependientes podrían atribuirse a la inadecuada conducta materna o a la exposición prenatal a la droga. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los efectos de la administración crónica de cocaína durante la gestación en la conducta materna postparto de ratones. Para esto se asignaron aleatoriamente 21 ratones CD1 hembras gestantes para la administración de solución salina y cocaína (25 mg/kg/día y 50 mg/kg/día), desde el octavo hasta el día veintiuno de gestación. Después del parto, durante 20 días (15 minutos diarios), se registró individualmente la frecuencia de presentación de 16 índices de conducta materna mediante un etograma. Se encontró que la cocaína afectó levemente la frecuencia de la conducta materna, aunque posiblemente afecte otros parámetros como la latencia, duración y secuencia de esta conducta.
Effect of Training/Competition Load and Scheduling on Sleep Characteristics in Professional Rugby League Athletes
Authors: Conlan Greta , McLean Blake , Kemp Justin , Duffield Rob
Published: August 2021

Conlan, G, McLean, B, Kemp, J, and Duffield, R. Effect of training/competition load and scheduling on sleep characteristics in professional rugby league athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3390–3397, 2022—This study examined the effect of training/competition load, scheduling, and associated factors on sleep behavior in professional rugby league athletes. Sleep characteristics were assessed in 26 professional rugby league athletes using wrist-mounted actigraphy and nightly sleep diaries. Sleep actigraphy assessed the time into and out of bed, the duration in bed, sleep duration, efficiency, latency, wake after sleep onset, number of awakenings, and the awakening length. Sleep was measured during 3 different weeks: (a) preseason low training load (TL) (2,356 ± 322 AU), (b) preseason high TL (3,542 ± 445 AU), and (c) in-season match week (1,526 ± 409 AU). The influences of internal TL (session rating of perceived exertion load), training schedule, age, and training location on sleep behavior were analyzed. Repeated-measures 2-way analysis of variance and effect size analyses (d) compared sleep variables between training weeks. The mean weekly sleep duration was significantly lower during high TL week (5 hours 53minutes ± 14 min/night; p = 0.015, d = 0.59) compared with the low TL (6 hours 25minutes ± 8 min·night−1) or match weeks (6 hours 26minutes ± 10 min·night−1; p = 0.02, d = 2.04). Reduced sleep duration in the high TL week occurred alongside earlier out-of-bed times compared with the low TL (p = 0.003, d = 1.46) and match weeks (p = 0.001, d = 5.99). Regardless, the lowest sleep duration was on match night (p = 0.0001, d = 1.22). Earlier training start times resulted in earlier wake times (p = 0.003, d = 4.84), shorter in-bed durations (p = 0.0001, d = 0.62), and shorter sleep durations (p = 0.002, d = 0.32). Younger athletes slept for longer durations (p = 0.029, d = 1.70) and perceived their sleep quality to be superior (p = 0.006, d = 14.94) compared with older athletes. Sleep attained by rugby league athletes is influenced by training and competition schedules, with early training start times and late-night matches being primary drivers of sleep behavior. Coaching staff should have awareness surrounding the implications of training and playing schedules on athlete sleeping patterns.
Range of Motion Is Not Reduced in National-Level New Zealand Female Powerlifters
Authors: Spence Alyssa-Joy , Helms Eric R. , McGuigan Michael R.
Published: August 2021

Spence, A-J, Helms, ER, and McGuigan, MR. Range of motion is not reduced in national-level New Zealand female powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2737–2741, 2021—Some research suggests male powerlifters have less range of motion (ROM) in several directions about the shoulder and hip compared with sedentary men. In addition, those differences may be more pronounced in groups with higher strength levels and more years of experience. However, there is no information on ROM in female powerlifters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate single-joint ROM in competitive female powerlifters and determine whether single-joint ROM would be an effective predictor of strength in this population. Twelve female powerlifters and 12 female recreationally trained age-matched controls attended one testing session. Subjects reported their years of training experience, frequency, and average duration of training sessions. Active ROM measurements were collected at the shoulder, hip, and knee, using goniometry. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between groups for age, height, body mass, training experience, and training frequency. Powerlifters reported significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) training durations than recreationally trained women. Powerlifters had significantly greater shoulder horizontal abduction on the right side (p = 0.022, g = 0.97), but no other ranges were significantly different between groups, and no ranges were significantly related to strength. Powerlifting does not seem to affect shoulder, hip, or knee ROM differently than recreational resistance training in women. Single-joint ROM was not an effective predictor of strength in female powerlifters.
Classic Reflection in Best Evidence in Chinese Education
Authors: Best Evidence in Chinese Education Editorial Office
Published: August 2021

In the long history of educational development, many representative figures have emerged, and many representative works and expositions have been circulating. These characters and discourses have had a huge impact on the development of education. Plato’s Utopia, Comenius’s Large Teaching Theory, and Dewey’s Democracy and Education were representative of them.
The Impact of High School Entrance Examination Competition on Students’ Participation in Extracurricular Tutoring in the Compulsory Education Period: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Data of China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Xue Haiping , Fang Chenchen
Published: August 2021

We used the Hierarchical Linear Bernoulli Model based on China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2016 data and provincial high school acceptance rate data. We explored the relationship between provincial high school entrance examination competition and students’ extracurricular tutoring participation during compulsory education. The study found that the high school acceptance rate and occupational high school acceptance rate have no significant effect on the participation rate of students’ extracurricular tutoring in the compulsory education stage. However, the high school acceptance rate has a significant positive impact on the participation rate of students’ extracurricular tutoring, and there is a heterogeneous effect on the participation rate of students’ extracurricular tutoring from families of different social classes. The higher the high school acceptance rate, the greater the probability of students from families with higher social strata participating in extracurricular tutoring. The demonstration high school acceptance rate has a significant negative impact on students’ extracurricular tutoring participation rate. It has a heterogeneous influence on students’ extracurricular tutoring participation in different school stages and social class families. The education administration department should actively expand high-quality, high school educational resources and increase the demonstration high school acceptance rate. And to increase the number of admissions for the demonstration high school to disadvantaged families with lower social strata to alleviate the pressure of families and students from the high school entrance examination competition. This can not only reduce the participation rate of students’ extracurricular tutoring during the compulsory education stage, but also promote the equalization of high-quality high school entrance opportunities for children of different classes of families.
Simulation of the nanofiltration of pulping black liquor by dynamic blade cross-flow with membrane
Authors: Zhao Wenjie , Du Zhongyu , Kuang Ning , Wang Hao , Yu Benliang , Wu Junfei , Chen Fushan
Published: August 2021

This paper investigated the filtration of black liquor with blade cross-flow by membrane. The lignin content in black liquid filtered by the nanofiltration membrane (NP010) is high under the transmembrane pressure of 0.5 bar, 1 bar, 1.5 bar, and 2 bar at 300 rpm and 800 rpm. In this regard, the tangential velocity on the nanofiltration membrane surface and the pressure variation on the blade in the process of filtration are simulated and analyzed with Fluent software. The tangential flow velocity on the nanofiltration membrane surface and the dynamic pressure on the blade, as well as the law of change under different rotation speed and transmembrane pressure are obtained. The comparison between experimental and simulated results have validated the numerical model of the filtration of black liquid by the blade dynamic cross-flow. According to the experimental and simulated results, the optimized filtration conditions are obtained when the blade dynamic cross-flow uses 1 kDa nanofiltration membrane to filter black liquor.
Influence of the treatment phase on the gluing performance of glued laminated timber
Authors: Dias André M. A. , Martins Carlos E. J. , Dias Alfredo M. P. G.
Published: August 2021

Glued laminated timber (glulam) is a wood-based product with frequent use in timber construction. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is a species suitable for glulam production and is available with abundance in Portuguese forests. This study assessed the influence of the phase in which the preservative treatment is applied in the surface bonding performance. Several elements were produced considering different treatment scenarios: timber without treatment, timber treated before gluing, and timber treated after gluing. The bonding quality was tested by both shear strength and delamination tests, following the indications given in EN 14080 (2013). Glulam elements treated after gluing (TAG) presented less delamination when compared with the ones treated before gluing (TBG). However, TBG elements presented higher shear strength values than TAG elements. Despite the recorded differences, all the considered sets performed adequately both for delamination and shear strength tests.
Nutritional status prior to bariatric surgery for severe obesity: a review
Authors: Mureșan Ciobârcă Daniela , Cătoi Adriana Florinela , Copăescu Cătălin , Miere Doina , Crișan Gianina
Published: August 2021

Obesity pandemic represents a threat to public health of paramount importance. Bariatric surgery represents the most effective and long-lasting treatment for severe obesity so far. The nutritional status of obese patients seeking bariatric surgery is impaired prior to surgery because of prevalent nutritional deficiencies. In addition, excess micronutrient levels may also occur, although this finding is not common. The onset of nutritional anomalies encountered in bariatric surgery candidates might stem from the following: obesity itself, poor quality food choices, preoperative weight loss or insufficient/excessive preoperative oral supplementation with vitamins and minerals. Nutritional management should begin preoperatively and should include a comprehensive assessment in order to identify those patients with clinical or subclinical deficiencies and hypervitaminoses. This paper provides background information on the nutritional status of bariatric surgery candidates, as well as on the prevalence and clinical significance of the most common micronutrient deficiencies and excess levels reported preoperatively among these patients.
EVALUATION OF NON-VOLATILE KEY TASTE COMPOUNDS OF AIR-DRIED HERRING (Clupea pallasii) FILLET
Authors: Shah A. K. M. Azad , Ogasawara Masashi , Egi Makoto , Kurihara Hideyuki , Takahashi Koretaro
Published: August 2021

An experiment was conducted to quantify the non-volatile key taste compounds, including free amino acids (FAAs), nucleotides, inorganic ions, organic acids, and bases of dried herring (Clupea pallassi) fillet (DHF). A taste recombinant was also prepared using those key taste compounds to compare the taste profiles with water soluble extracts (WSE) by sensory perception. The total FAA of DHF muscle was 12.25 mg/g on dry matter basis. The most dominant FAAs were alanine, glycine, lysine, and histidine. The nucleotides were identified as 5´-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) (1.74 mg/100 g) and 5´-inosine monophosphate (IMP) (5.28 mg/100 g). Potassium, phosphate, and chloride were the major inorganic ions while trimethylamine oxide, creatine, and lactic acid were the major organic bases. Sensory evaluation showed that WSE markedly increased the intensities of umami, mouthfulness, thickness, and taste continuity of Japanese noodle soup (JNS). However, addition of taste recombinant to the JNS did not bring any changes in the taste intensities of saltiness, umami, mouthfulness, taste continuity, and thickness of the soup. Results of this study indicated that the taste recombinant was lacking of some important key taste compounds that might be formed during drying of herring fillet.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUSCLE AFTER RED GRAPE POMACE APPLICATION IN THE NUTRITION OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Čech Matej , Haščík Peter , Pavelková Adriana , Čuboň Juraj , Bučko Ondřej , Tkáčová Jana , Kačániová Miroslava , Bobko Marek , Imrich Ivan , Šár Kristián
Published: August 2021

The aim of this work was to evaluate basic chemical composition (% of water, protein, fat and cholesterol) of breast and thigh muscle after supplementation with Alibernet red grape pomace (RGP) into diet of broiler chickens Ross 308. At the beginning, 200 one-day Ross 308 broiler chickens of mixed gender were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=50). The control group (C) did not receive any additional supplementation. The feed of experimental group E1 was enriched with 1% RGP per 1 kg of feed mixture (FM), experimental group E2 with 2% RGP per 1 kg of FM and experimental group E3 with 3% RGP per 1 kg of FM. The FMs were produced without any antibiotics and coccidiostatics and the fattening period lasted for 42 days. Based on the results, we can state that the application of red grape pomace did not significantly affect the chemical composition of the breast muscle except of higher fat content (P≥0.05) in all experimental groups compared to control group (♂, ♀). In the case of thigh muscle, we found significantly higher (P≤0.05) water content (♂) in control group (71.26 g.100 g-1) compared to experimental groups E2 (70.04 g.100 g-1) and E3 (69.51 g.100 g-1). We also found significant differences (P≤0.05) in crude protein content (♂) between experimental group E3 (21.91 g.100 g-1) compared to experimental groups E1 (21.63 g.100 g-1) and E2 (21.59 g.100 g-1). Overall, it seems like that supplementation with RGP in selected amounts did not have significant beneficial effect on chemical composition of chicken meat compared to control group.
CONSUMER PREFERENCE STUDY ON COMBINED ULTRASOUND AND SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE TREATED FRESHCUT KIWIFRUITS COATED WITH CHITOSAN USING THE FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH
Authors: Vivek Kambhampati , Singh Singham Suranjoy , Sasikumar Raju , Sami Rokayya
Published: August 2021

Fresh cut kiwi fruits are gaining popularity among consumers due to increased nutrition, health, and convenience. In this study ultrasound treated fresh cut kiwifruit slices were coated with different concentrations (0.6, 0.8, and 1%) of chitosan. Sensory evaluation was conducted in linguistic terms for the kiwifruit slices with a panel of 15 well-trained judges to understand the consumer preference. The linguistic approach was analysed and decoded using the fuzzy logic modeling approach to find the best sample and quality attribute responsible for consumer preference. The slices with the highest defuzzified scores were obtained for the 1% chitosan-coated sample. Ranking of kiwifruit slices was based on defuzzified scores was S1>S2>S3>S4, while ranking of the quality attributes was smell>taste>color>texture. Therefore, the fuzzy logic modeling could be a practical approach for finding the consumer preference of fresh cut kiwifruits, thus increasing product marketability.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND WINE QUALITY IN THE SLOVACKO SUBREGION AS A SUPPORT TO MANAGERIAL AND MARKETING DECISION MAKING
Authors: Jeřábek Tomáš , Tvrzník Pavel , Málek Zdeněk , Fišera Miroslav , Fišerová Lenka , Kráčmar Stanislav
Published: August 2021

Wine grapes are highly sensitive to changes in climate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of selected climatic variables such as air temperature, total precipitation and the North Atlantic Oscillation Index on wine quality. This effect was monitored in individual phenological stages of grapevine plant growth; the monitoring was done separately for each of the selected wine varieties. The following varieties were subjected to evaluation: Pinot Gris, Riesling, Welschriesling, Pinot Blanc and Müller Thurgau from the Slovacko wine subregion of the Czech Republic. The long-term trend in climate development was also analysed through two bioclimatic indices. Our results show statistically significant effects of climate change on wine quality during various phenological stages in the Slovacko wine subregion. The effect of air temperatures on wine quality during the first phenological stage proved to be either negative (for the Müller Thurgau, Welschriesling and Riesling varieties) or statistically insignificant (for the Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc varieties). For the second, third, and fourth phenological stages, the effect of air temperatures was positive for most of the analysed varieties. The statistically significant effect of precipitation on wine quality was confirmed for both Müller Thurgau and Riesling. During the first phenological phase, this effect proves to be positive, while for the other phenological stages the precipitation has a negative influence on the wine quality. The effect of the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) shows a positive impact on the Pinot Gris variety during the first phenological stage. For the second and third phenological stages, the negative influence of the NAOI on the wine quality was confirmed for both Müller Thurgau and Pinot Blanc. Furthermore, the results show a slight, statistically significant, growth trend of the Winkler index. The growth trend of the hydrothermal index is statistically insignificant, which is probably due to the decrease in precipitation.
TOPINAMBUR (THE JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE): NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND ITS APPLICATION IN FOOD PRODUCTS: AN UPDATED TREATISE
Authors: Shariati Mohammad Ali , Khan Muhammad Usman , Hleba Lukas , Krebs de Souza Carolina , Tokhtarov Zhaiyk , Terentev Sergei , Konovalov Sergey , Arduvanova Fluza , Batishcheva Natalya , Shigapov Ilyas , Ekaterina Strigulina , Kantimerova Milyausha
Published: August 2021

This article presents a review of the scientific literature on the nutritional value of topinambur (Jerusalem artichoke) and its potential use in the formulation of food products. The scientific review covers the chemical, amino-acid, vitamin, mineral composition of topinambur, its pharmacological and therapeutic and prophylactic effect on the human organism. The distinctive features of topinambur are the content of more than 20% of dry substances, among which up to 80% contains a polymeric homologue of fructose - inulin. The content of pectin substances varies up to 11% of dry weight. Consumption of topinambur as a part of foodstuffs has a beneficial effect on absolutely all the chains and causes of diseases of the digestive system, cardiovascular system and liver. A number of findings about the use of topinambur roots in the process of preparation of meat, milk, confectionary and bread products are presented, its positive effect on the nutritional value and consumer properties of the final product is characterized. Utilization of Jerusalem artichoke in formulation of various food products is a good way to increase the alternative usage area of them.
FATTY ACID PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF ORYZA sativa L. (JAPÔNICA SUBSPECIES) MARKETED IN ITALY AND BRAZIL: A COMPARISON
Authors: Schmitz Fernanda Raquel Wust , Samaniego-Sánchez Cristina , Tedeschi Paola , Maietti Annalisa , Shariati Mohammad Ali , Hleba Lukas , Bertoli Sávio Leandro , Krebs de Souza Carolina
Published: August 2021

Rice stands out as the most consumed cereal in the world because it is a source of vitamins, minerals, fiber, bioactive compounds, and unsaturated fatty acids. Based on this assumption, the objective of this work was to qualify and quantify fatty acids, in samples consisting of raw, integral, parboiled, and white rice marketed in southern Brazil (Vale do Itajaí) and the Vale do Pó region in northern Italy. The results of this work demonstrate that 95% of the total lipid content, in the respective rice typologies of both countries, is represented by palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid. These results indicate that the technological processes influence the nutritional and functional quality of the rice grain in these countries. Regarding the content of total polyphenols, the maximum average value obtained was 477 g Eq g-1 for rice from both countries and the best results for antioxidant activity, using the Photoquem® method with methanolic extract, was 3.43 µM Eq Trolox g-1 for the Italian rice samples. These results indicate that the technological processes influence the nutritional and functional quality of rice grain from these countries.
Editorial
Authors: Valencia Montaña Mauricio
Published: August 2021

El próximo 24 de agosto de 1986, la Facultad de Ingeniería cumple ciento veinticinco años de fundación. Durante este período se han graduado más de un centenar de ingenieros que contribuyen al desenvolvimiento económico-social de nuestro país, mediante la construcción de carreteras, puentes, presas hidroeléctricas, acueductos: a través de la fundación de empresas industriales y comerciales y también dirigiendo los destinos de nuestros conciudadanos. Esta conmemoración adquiere una trascendental importancia en el momento actual, pues debemos abordar una reflexión sobre el deber de la enseñanza de la Ingeniería en la Universidad Nacional.
Una teoría general de análisis en el diseño de elementos de máquinas
Authors: García P. Guillermo
Published: August 2021

La presentación tradicional dada al diseño de máquinas orienta en la mayoría de los casos al profesor y al estudiante hacia el estudio particular de los diferentes elementos que componen un sistema. Esta forma de trabajo es, sin lugar a dudas, un paso importante para la obtención de información de un proyecto. Pero el proceso de análisis no se puede quedar a nivel de elementos sueltos, sino que es necesario llevarlo a que se integre al nivel de conjunto de elementos que forman una máquina. Este enfoque del problema brinda la oportunidad de desarrollar un análisis completo de comienzo a fin del sistema, retomando a su debido tiempo al elemento. En esta forma se desarrolla una amplia visión de análisis para el diseño de máquinas. La apertura de esta forma de trabajo tiene sus fundamentos en la influencia de la transmisión de carga y/o movimiento sobre el diseño de la máquina.
Dimensionamiento de intercambiadores de calor de coraza y tubos, con ayuda de computador
Authors: Rocha Camino Gabriel Eduardo , Rangel Jara Hermes A.
Published: August 2021

En este trabajo se plantea el problema de optimizar el diseño de un intercambiador de calor del tipo coraza y tubos, y se propone un método para resolverlo, con base en la técnica del “estudio paramétrico de la respuesta”. Además, se muestra la necesidad de utilizar el computador como herramienta para implementar dicho método, y se describe un programa escrito con tal fin.
Reactores anaeróbicos de alta tasa
Authors: Díaz Báez María Consuelo
Published: August 2021

En el presente trabajo se ilustran las diferentes facetas de desarrollo y utilización de los sistemas de tratamiento anaeróbico. En cada caso se plantean las ventajas y desventajas de cada uno de los sistemas.
Formulación generalizada del proceso de elementos finitos
Authors: Ramírez Rivera Alfonso
Published: August 2021

El método de los elementos finitos es la herramienta más poderosa de que se dispone actualmente para la solución de muchos problemas de análisis en ingeniería mediante la formulación de un modelo discreto del fenómeno físico correspondiente y el uso del computador. Es importante destacar el hecho de que varios fenómenos físicos distintos pueden representarse por el mismo modelo matemático, de modo que la obtención de resultados numéricos se lleva a cabo utilizando un mismo algoritmo.
Mecanismos de licuación y flujo de suelos granulares durante sismos
Authors: Alarcón Guzmán Adolfo
Published: August 2021

Una amplia evidencia experimental ha mostrado que vibraciones de pequeña amplitud producen una disminución progresiva del volumen en suelos granulares; ello ocurre aún en el caso de arenas densas que podrían dilatar durante carga monotónica o unidireccional bajo un cierto nivel de esfuerzos de confinamiento. Por tanto, cuando un depósito de arena saturada se ve sometido a las ondas de corte que se propagan durante un sismo, la estructura de la arena tiende a densificarse. Sin embargo, como la duración de aplicación de los esfuerzos de corte cíclicos es, en general, muy pequeña en comparación con el tiempo necesario para que ocurra algún drenaje, la tendencia de la arena a disminuir de volumen durante cada ciclo se refleja en un incremento progresivo de la presión de poros (8,14). Esto produce una reducción continua del esfuerzo efectivo y consecuentemente una disminución en la resistencia al corte de la arena. Una disminución considerable de la resistencia puede conducir a fallas por corte, que en algunas ocasiones son de consecuencias catastróficas.
Effect of size and shape on the elastic modulus of metal nanowires
Authors: Vogl Lilian Maria , Schweizer Peter , Richter Gunther , Spiecker Erdmann
Published: August 2021

Size effects decisively influence the properties of materials at small length scales. In the context of mechanical properties, the trend of ‘smaller is stronger’ has been well established. This statement refers to an almost universal trend of increased strength with decreasing size. A strong influence of size on the elastic properties has also been widely reported, albeit without a clear trend. However, the influence of nanostructure shape on the mechanical properties has been critically neglected. Here, we demonstrate a profound influence of shape and size on the elastic properties of materials on the example of gold nanowires. The elastic properties are determined using in-situ mechanical testing in scanning and transmission electron microscopy by means of resonance excitation and uniaxial tension. The combination of bending and tensile load types allows for an independent and correlative calculation of the Young's modulus. We find both cases of softening as well as stiffening, depending critically on the interplay between size and shape of the wires.

Graphic abstract
Role of Religion in Social and Democratic System Justification
Authors: Rutto Filippo , Viola Erica , Monaci Maria Grazia
Published: August 2021

The aim of the current study is to explore, within the Italian Catholic context, the impact of scriptural literalism and religious orientation on the ideologies that legitimate the social and the democratic system. A sample of Catholic participants completed an anonymous self-report questionnaire concerning: a) scriptural literalism; b) intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation; c) social and democratic system justification. Results show that scriptural literalism affects both intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation, with extrinsic, but not intrinsic orientation tending to increase both social and democratic system justification. These results extend previous findings on the relationship between religion and the legitimisation of the social system. Possible implications for increasing social fairness in the future, filling the gap between religious precepts and an unconditional acceptance of social order, are also discussed.
Formation and Development of Innovative Clusters as a Tool for Innovative Activities of the Region
Authors: Lapina Marina
Published: August 2021

The urgency of the need for research is due to the current trajectory of innovative development of the Russian Federation. In the article, special attention is paid to the aspect of the analysis of the factors that form the innovative potential of the Russian Federation at the meso-level. The study of foreign and domestic experience of the regional innovation clusters functioning allowed us to identify the main trends, problems of development and directions for improving innovation clusters as an instrument of innovation activity in the region. In the analytical part of the study, the analysis of the regional innovation clusters functioning (on the example of European and Asian countries) is carried out. The study identified the promotion of economic modernization through innovation and increasing the competitiveness of industry. Foreign and domestic experience in the implementation of regional innovation development strategies allows us to identify common features of the distribution of regional factors of innovation, advantages and disadvantages, prospects for the formation, implementation and improvement of development programs of innovation clusters at the meso-level. The article defines the positive impact of state incentives and support of innovation activities, the presence of a developed innovation infrastructure, as well as networking between large corporations, small firms, research institutes and the state on the socio-economic development of territories. The results of the analysis can serve as a basis for adapting successful foreign experience in the formation and development of innovation clusters in the region in order to create a competitive innovation environment of the territory, as well as to develop practical recommendations for the implementation of innovative cluster development programs in the regional economy.
Economic Potential of the Volgograd Region Branding
Authors: Shiro Maria
Published: August 2021

Every year more attention is paid to improving the competitiveness of territories. In the context of the changes in 2020, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions, the leadership of most countries faced the need to strengthen the work to create a positive image of the territories not only in the minds of foreign consumers (investors and tourists), but also directly among the population of these regions. For the Russian reality, this approach is relatively new, which is due to the lack of scientific justification for the effectiveness of such a mechanism. To date, the practical implementation of branding tools has been applied to individual cities and regions. At the same time, the need to organize systematic work on positioning both the entire country and individual regions in order to expand sales markets and increase the competitiveness of domestic products has been repeatedly discussed at the state level. In 2019–2020, a comprehensive work was carried out in the Volgograd region to form the brand of the territory, which resulted, among other things, in the development of hypotheses for the region positioning, the analysis of which was carried out in this scientific study. The author believes that the proposed concept is quite objective and is justified by the resource capabilities of the region, but its implementation involves improving the infrastructure, as well as strengthening the information support of the economic transformations carried out in the region.
Modern Principles of Managing Children with Food Allergies
Authors: Baranov Alexander A. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Khaitov Rakhim M. , Il'ina Natalia I. , Kurbacheva Oksana M. , Kovtun Olga P. , Novik Gennady A. , Makarova Svetlana G. , Vishneva Elena A. , Selimzyanova Lilia R. , Chemakina Daria S. , Alexeeva Anna A. , Levina Yuliya G. , Efendieva Kamilla E. , Dobrynina Elena A. , Privalova Tatyana E. , Snovskaya Marina A.
Published: August 2021

The article presents modern data on the epidemiology, etiology and clinical manifestations of food allergies in children. Evidence-based approaches to diagnosis, including differential, treatment, and prevention of food allergies in children are shown. Patient management tactics and algorithms are presented in detail. The guidelines are based on all available up-to-date data on food allergies. The material is based on the methodological guideline for the management of patients with food allergies previously developed by expert specialists of the Union of Pediatricians of Russia in 2021.
The Struggle Against Acute Enteric Infections Among Children in Soviet Russia (1930-1940)
Authors: Albitskiy Valery Yu. , Sher Stella A.
Published: August 2021

The results of a historical and medical study reflecting the issues of combating dysentery and other acute enteric infections among the children in Soviet Russia during the 1930-1940 period are presented in this article. Analysis of medical reports, orders, circular letters of the People’s Commissariat of Health Сare of the USSR and other documents from published and unpublished archival materials, and scientific publications of Soviet scientists indicate that the situation with dysentery and other acute intestinal infections among children (especially of early age) was complicated and characterized by significant prevalence of this pathology in the 1930s. This study has shown that it was possible to reduce children morbidity and mortality due to the implementation of extensive sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic measures on the government level, the implementation of specialized dietary products for kids and new methods of therapy (sulfanilamides, dysenteric bacteriophage, antidisenteric serum) in Moscow and other regions (for example in Gorky and Kirov regions). The experience of organizing the pediatricians, epidemiologists, health care organizers work against acute enteric infections among children in Soviet Russia in the 1930s can currently be used in various countries and regions where acute diarrheal diseases are significant cause of children mortality.
Mobile Technologies in Achieving and Maintaining Asthma Control in Children: First Results of MedQuizBot Chat Bot
Authors: Arimova Polina S. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Levina J. G. , Kalugina V. G. , Vishneva E. A. , Kharitonova E. Yu.
Published: August 2021

Background. Anti-inflammatory therapy is used to achieve and maintain asthma control, as well as respiratory function indicators monitoring. Telemedicine technologies can be used for this purpose, and it became particularly essential during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze efficacy of the mobile technology MedQuizBot for asthma monitoring, to estimate patient compliance to use such instruments of self-control via the bot and without it, and bot's functioning satisfaction.

Methods. 6-month prospective observational comparative study in patients with asthma from 4 to 17 years old was conducted. All patients were divided into two groups: patients who have used MedQuizBot and patients who have used any other self-control tools. Patients had to enter peakflowmetry data daily and undergo asthma control tests monthly. Patients were able to communicate with their doctor remotely via the chat bot. Main study indicators: determining the efficacy of MedQuizBot in patients with asthma by estimating the compliance to self-control tools at using the bot. Secondary study indicators: estimation of patients satisfaction on using the MedQuizBot and determination of level of asthma control due to the obtained data results.

Results. 41 patients have used MedQuizBot, 27 patients were in the control group. Patients who used the bot more often answered asthma control test questions. Patients over 12 years old have completed the asthma control test less often than young children: ACT was filled on average in 1.5 times, САСТ — 1.8 times. 51% of patients filled in data on peakflowmetry via the new technology, patients from control group did not start the picflowmetry diary. Patients under 12 years old, who filled up the test with their parents, has entered picflowmetry data 7 times more often than adolescents. The asthma was under control in 70% of patients. The data was entered into the system 2.5 times more often during the lockdown period due to COVID-19 pandemic and during the tree flowering season in comparison to other periods of2020. Patients noted the usability of the MedQuizBot and agreed to use it in future.

Conclusion. MedQuizBot is effective in achieving asthma control mainly during the period of need — in case of insufficient control over the disease itself (exposure to pollen allergens, acute respiratory diseases), during the limitations in medical care availability.
ANNUAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN ACADEMY OF NEUROLOGY
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2021

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SKETCHES OF PEDIATRIC GASTROENTEROLOGIST: COMMON CAUSES OF ABDOMINAL PAIN IN CHILDREN
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2021

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News
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: August 2021

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DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES AND IRRIGATION DEPTHS ON PRODUCTION COMPONENTS OF THE ‘BIQUINHO’ PEPPER*
Authors: Antunes Rodrigues Silvana , Xavier Peiter Marcia , Dias Robaina Adroaldo , Soares Fátima Cibele , Dias Ferreira Laura , Altíssimo Bortolás Francielle
Published: August 2021

The present work had the primary objective of evaluating the production response and water use efficiency of the Biquinho pepper for different irrigation depths and substrates. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located at the Alegrete campus of the Federal University of Pampa. We performed an entirely randomized 2 x 5 two-factor experimental design (two substrate compositions and five irrigation depths). The substrate composition treatments used were a commercial substrate and the mixture of commercial substrate + carbonized rice hull. The treatments for the water replacement depths were 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of the water holding capacity for each substrate. At the end of the cycle, we assessed the following components: crop yield, production, water use efficiency, and fruit diameter, length, average weight, and number. The yield and water use efficiency components were more significant when using the commercial substrate + carbonized rice hull composition. The maximum technical production efficiency was obtained for an irrigation depth of 101.7% of the water holding capacity. On the other hand, the water use efficiency was higher when using a depth of 69.17%.
ON THE CHARACTERIZATION OF SCALING FUNCTIONS ON NON-ARCHEMEDEAN FIELDS
Authors: Ahmed Ishtaq , Ahmad Owias , Sheikh Neyaz Ahmad
Published: August 2021

In real life application all signals are not obtained from uniform shifts; so there is a natural question regarding analysis and decompositions of these types of signals by a stable mathematical tool.  This gap was filled by Gabardo and Nashed [11]   by establishing a constructive algorithm based on the theory of spectral pairs for constructing non-uniform wavelet basis in \(L^2(\mathbb R)\). In this setting, the associated translation set \(\Lambda =\left\{ 0,r/N\right\}+2\,\mathbb Z\) is no longer a discrete subgroup of \(\mathbb R\) but a spectrum associated with a certain one-dimensional spectral pair and the associated dilation is an even positive integer related to the given spectral pair. In this paper, we characterize the scaling function for non-uniform multiresolution analysis on local fields of positive characteristic (LFPC). Some properties of wavelet scaling function associated with non-uniform multiresolution analysis (NUMRA) on LFPC are also established.