bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS”
Authors: KASAT ABHINAV S. , VARGHESE VALSSON
Published: April 2022

Concrete structural components exist in buildings and bridges in different forms. Understanding the response of these components during loading is crucial to the development of an overall efficient and safe structure.Different methods have been utilized to study the response of structural components. Experimental based testing has been widely used as a means to analyse individual elements and the effects of concrete strength under loading. While this is a method that produces real life response, it is extremely time consuming, and the use of materials can be quite costly. The use of finite element analysis to study these components has also been used. Unfortunately, early attempts to accomplish this were also very time consuming and infeasible using existing software and hardware. In recent years, however, the use of finite element analysis has increased due to progressing knowledge and capabilities of computer software and hardware. It has now become the choice method to analyze concrete structural components. The use of computer software to model these elements is much faster, and extremely cost-effective. To fully understand the capabilities of finite element computer software, one must look back to experimental data and simple analysis. Data obtained from a finite element analysis package is not useful unless the necessary steps are taken to understand what is happening within the model that is created using the software. Also, executing the necessary checks along the way, is key to make sure that what is being output by the computer software is valid. By understanding the use of finite element packages, more efficient and better analyses can be made to fully understand the response of individual structural components and their contribution to a structure as a whole. This paper is a study of prestressed concrete beams using finite element analysis to understand the response of prestressed concrete beams due to transverse loading.
BEHAVIOUR OF ELEVATED WATER TANK UNDER SLOSHING EFFECT
Authors: WAGHMARE M. V. , MADHEKAR S.N.
Published: April 2022

Liquid storage tanks are considered essential lifeline structures. Water tanks, in particular , are important to the continued operation of water distribution system in event of earthquakes. Most of the failures of large tanks after earthquakes are suspected to have resulted from the dynamic buckling caused by overturning moments of seismically induced liquid inertia and surface slosh waves. Recent earthquakes have shown that liquid storage tanks are found to be vulnerable to damage. Current knowledge about the behaviour of liquid storage tank is extensive, but many of the analytical and theoretical results are for tanks without roof systems and include number of simplifying assumptions like small deformation and linear elastic material property. The nonlinear wave approach was not attempted at initial stage, in predicting the seismic response of tank structures because of its mathematical difficulties determining the elevation of the unknown moving free surface and in evaluating the geometrically non-linear boundary conditions on the liquid surface. It is noted that under nonlinear conditions, sloshing heights are larger than those calculated under linear condition. In the present study sloshing effect in elevated water tank is studied by using Finite Element Method (FEM) based computer code. Various parameters have been considered such as height of container, depth of water in tank (30%, 50%, 70% and full) and height of staging etc.
EFFECTS OF MARKETING ON INTRODUCTION OF AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES (ATMS) ON CUSTOMERS OF BANKING INDUSTRY
Authors:   Department of Marketing  Faculty of Management Sciences  Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University,  Igbariam Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria, Ohazulike Leo
Published: April 2022

This study examined effects of marketing on introduction of automated teller machine (ATM) on customers of banking industry. This study identified lack of network (service) as a problem. The specific objective was to highlight on identification of marketing needs on introduction of automated teller machine on customers of banking industry, among others. Research question was to what extent should identification of marketing needs on introduction of automated teller machine (ATM) on customers banking industry be? among others. Research hypothesis was there is no significant relationship between identification of marketing needs and customers of banking industry, among others. Review of related literature comprised of conceptual review, theoretical framework and empirical review. This study adopted survey research design. Area of the study was Nkwelle-Ezunaka where First bank is situated. Population of the study was customers queuing for automated teller machine (ATM) to render services. Sampling plan comprised of sample designs, sample unit, sample size, sample method and sample procedure. The sample size was one hundred and sixty two (162). This study observed data presentation and analysis. Findings, conclusion and recommendations were discussed.
A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND TREATY RELATIONSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors:   Department of Political and Administrative Studies Faculty of Social Sciences University of Port Harcourt, Chukwu Ruwhuoma
Published: April 2022

This work reviewed the reality of treaty relationship in International relations. As a notable tool in organization and community, law has directed and regulated relation among states especially in their pursuit of interests’ in the International arena. International law has been the rules put in place to guide these relationships. It is International law that has continued to set out principles and frame works that moderates and harmonizes State interests. International law is likened to customary law because it is a product of the conscience of State as there is a general repetition of similar acts that maintains international relations. International law has developed in accordance with the unfolding trends in International relations, notable among which is treaty relationships. A treaty is an agreement, formal or informal between States, governed by International law. The law of treaty according Umuozurike 1999, is more or less a codification of existing customary law on which International law is based upon. Treaty relationships in International law creates rights and obligations that give Parties contractual capacity in International law. To justify the importance of treaty in International relations, the work examined the element of Statehood as the major actor in International relations. The history of International relations traced back to the 1648 Peace of WestPhalia that ended the 30 years war gave States sovereign rights in International law. In the International system, the existence of sovereign authority is universally recognized as the essential qualification of its membership in the International community, where the United Nations has played very notable role. International Institution building has remained the most important transformation in the development of International relations. The establishment of the United Nations in 1945 marked a significant milestone in the history of International relations that this study made a slight analysis on. The laws governing treaty relationships was on the initiative of the United Nations in her quest to fulfil her aims and purpose to maintain International Peace and Security. States are bound by treaties duly entered into. From the definition of treaty, to the formalities in signing, to the ratification, reservation, registration and deposit, application and operations, to termination as reviewed, shows that treaties are very fundamental in the formation of International Law and International relations.
CULTURAL TOURISM AND ALUU COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN IKWERRE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, (LGA) RIVERS STATE
Authors:   Department of Hospitality Management and Tourism Faculty of Management Sciences University of Port Harcourt, Ollor Helen , Bright Favour ,   Department of Hospitality Management and Tourism Faculty of Management Sciences University of Port Harcourt
Published: April 2022

This Study investigated the relationship between Cultural Tourism and Aluu Community Development in Ikwerre Local Government Area, (LGA) in Rivers State. The objectives of the Study were to determine relationship between Tradition and Belief and Aluu Community Development in Ikwerre LGA in Rivers State, evaluate the influence of Norms and Values on Aluu Community Development in Ikwerre LGA in Rivers State; ascertain the relationship between Lifestyle and Aluu Community Development in Ikwerre LGA in Rivers State. The Study adopted descriptive design to help in describing the different information concerning Cultural Tourism and Aluu Community Development. The population of the Study covered indigenes of Aluu Community. 185 respondence were drawn using Simple Random Sampling Technique. Face and Content Validity were employed to assess the relevance of the instrument; while; Cronbach Alpha Statistics was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The dimensions of Cultural Tourism and Measures of Community Development were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation. The Hypotheses were tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, (SPSS) version 22. The findings revealed that there were significant relationships between the dimensions of Cultural Tourism, (Traditional Belief, Norms and Values and Lifestyle) and Measures of Aluu Community Development., (Infrastructural Development and Revenue Generation). It was therefore, concluded that Aluu Community should preserve their Traditional and Cultural Activities to attract the attention of Tourists to the community. The presence of Tourists will attract Infrastructural and Community Development which will in turn influence the Lifestyle of the people of Aluu. We therefore, recommended that Aluu Community should not neglect their Norms and Values as these will motivate Tourists to get acquainted with the Community, thereby Aluu Community Development will be influenced.
THE DYNAMICS OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHP: FOSTERING ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Business Administration University of Abuja, Abuja – Nigeria, Ozigbo Nathaniel
Published: April 2022

This study examines the dynamics of technological entrepreneurship towards fostering entrepreneurial ventures in Nigeria. It is regarded as the driving vehicle that facilitates prosperity in individual firms, regions and nations and serves as an important function that satisfies intellectual curiosity. The study defined technological entrepreneurship as an investment in a project that assembles and deploys specialized individuals that are necessary for job creation and economic development. In the study, we noted that technological entrepreneurs as national assets to be cultivated, remunerated to the greatest extent since they have the ability to change the way we live and work and that their innovations lead to improve the standard of living, create jobs and contribute to the growing of the economy. Entrepreneurship is considered crucial to the dynamic economy because entrepreneurs create employment opportunities not only for themselves but for others and influences country’s economic performance by introducing new products, methods and production processes for the market, boosting productivity and competition. They therefore are driven by the need for achievement and the desire to implement various projects. This study has several limitations that revealed possible avenues for further research. The focus in the study was limited to a few concepts which we found to be important for technological entrepreneurship. We concluded the need to further this study in order to obtain long-term effects of the technological entrepreneurship towards entrepreneurial venturing, job creation and economic development.
EFFECT OF VALUE ADDED TAX ON CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA’S FINANCIAL INCLUSION STRATEGY
Authors:   Department of Banking and Finance, University of Jos, Nigeria, Adewole Clement , Nantip Mamvong ,   Department of Banking and Finance, University of Jos, Nigeria
Published: April 2022

Although financial inclusion in Nigeria has progressed significantly, the country still lags behind other peer-level countries in many of the indicators of inclusion. Credit penetration as an index of financial inclusion is worse in Nigeria compared to other peer countries. Value-Added Tax (VAT) is an indirect tax with an Impressive performance in price stability and economic growth in all countries where it has been introduced. This study evaluated the effect of VAT on Central Bank of Nigeria's financial inclusion strategy, specifically concerning payment attitude, point of sale (POS) use, and attitude to save. The study adopted a descriptive research design, a nonprobability judgment sample of 140 participants extracted from customers of 5 deposit money banks in JOS north local government of Plateau state who responded to a re-validated 5 points Likert scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using quantitative techniques of spearman ranking correlation with aid of SPSSv25 to test the hypotheses. Results of statistical data analyses showed that VAT Scheme has a significant effect on payment attitude; VAT scheme has a significant effect on POS use, and VAT scheme has a significant effect on attitude to save in the Nigerian banking industry. The study concluded that a probable cause of the statistically significant positive relationships is the efficient provision of financial services despite the VAT charged. The study recommended that needed infrastructure should be put in place for the achievement of the Central bank of Nigeria’s financial inclusion strategy. Security measures should be put in place to further safeguard financial inclusion channels, and awareness should be created among citizens, groups, and associations on the inherent benefits of financial inclusion.
Making Industrialization in Africa Sustainable
Authors:   CEO of the Made in Africa Initiative  United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Hai Helen
Published: April 2022

As my own country, China has shown, strong growth in the manufacturing industry is a key driver of sustainable development. It has a significant impact on economic and social well-being, as a recent report by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) demonstrates. The report looks at data across all countries and plots manufacturing value-added per capita, along with competitiveness, against indicators on poverty, inequality, health, education, employment, and human development. The results provide clear statistical evidence on how closely the process of industrialization is connected to improvements in people’s living conditions and their quality of life.
HIGH PERFORMANCE WORK SYSTEMS AND SERVICE DELIVERY: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF MANAGERIAL VALUES IN THE NIGERIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors:   Department of Hospitality Management and Tourism,  Faculty of Management Sciences, University of Port Harcourt,  Rivers State, Nigeria, Obiora Judipat
Published: April 2022

Research into high performance work systems appears congruent on its substantiality in driving outcomes of service offerings and related features. Recent changes in managerial values across the Tourism industry, particularly hotels, due to the emerging realities of business operations and survival of post COVID-19 and other crisis factors, however, suggest rising concerns over job insecurity, poor staff safety and health and other factors based on the new normal. This paper, in investigating the mediating effect of managerial values on the relationship between high performance work systems and service delivery in 4-star hotels in the South-south of Nigeria, revealed that while the relationship between high performance work systems (information sharing and decision-making) and service delivery is significant, managerial values does not significantly mediate or explain the relationship between the variables. The findings point to high performance work systems as a significant predictor of service delivery. Thus, it was affirmed that high performance work systems enables the effective control and health of related processes through information sharing and decentralized decision making such that enrich communications, creativity levels and thus facilitate features that are conducive and necessary for outcomes of service delivery. It is therefore recommended that managers create enabling environment for decentralised decision-making, information sharing links and creativity for efficient service delivery.
COLLABORATING AS AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN THE ORGANIZATION
Authors:   National Productivity Center, Rivers State Office, Port Harcourt, Babatunde Adetunji , Abdul Onubaiye ,   National Productivity Center, Kogi State Office, Lokoja, Eyo Roseline ,   National Productivity Center, Cross River State Office, Calabar
Published: April 2022

Conflict is part of every organization, formal or informal. Conflict occurs when employees with different backgrounds and priorities work together. There are expressed in numerous ways such as insults, noncooperation, bullying, and anger. Its causes can range from personality clashes and misunderstood communication to organizational mismanagement. There are various styles of conflict management. This study aims to examine the concepts of conflict and conflict management strategies in the organization. The paper is descriptive and qualitative in nature. Data are obtained primarily through secondary sources and analyzed through content analysis. The study leverages Kenneth W. Thomas and Ralph H. Kilmann's (2015), model of conflict styles and identifies collaborating as one of the most effective strategies of conflict management in the organization.
Sentiment Analysis of Financial news
Authors: Ambadas Alavikar  , Anuj Ghadge  , Ajmal Khan  , Prof. Nishikant Khaire
Published: April 2022

Sentiment Analysis deals with the computational treatment of opinions of expressed in written handbooks. The addition of the formerly mature semantic technologies to the field has proven to increase the results delicacy. In this a semantically- enhanced methodology for the reflection of sentiment opposition in fiscal news is presented. The term" Sentiment Analysis" was first defined in 2003 by Nasukawa and Yi as “ determining the subjectivity opposition ( positive or negative) and opposition strength ( explosively positive, mildly positive, weakly positiveetc.) of a given review textbook; in other words- determining the opinion of the pen.” Turney’s pioneering work on Sentiment Analysis applied an unsupervised approach to classify review data into positive class and negative class. The sum aggregate of information entered by the investors is reflected through the stock price of the enterprises. Through this process, information is converted from a textual form to a numerical form. This process of conversion is veritably useful, because it allows information to be fluently epitomized and enables us to compare the sentiments of news with the request returns. There may be variations about the exact meaning of a piece of news, but there can not be any variation about request returns. The fiscal news that makes a positive impact on the stock request returns is good and the bone that makes a negative impact on stock request returns is bad. In comparison to the work done in sentiment bracket applied to the review sphere or product reviews, veritably little work has been done in the field of operation of these ways in the fiscal sphere using unsupervised approach. This paper tries to address this exploration gap. The overall purpose of the study is to propose a semantic exposure grounded unsupervised approach for chancing sentiments strength of fiscal textbook.
Connecting People to Avail the Resources During Crisis Through Twitter Using Machine Learning
Authors: Shaikh Areeba Abdul Hakeem  , Muskan Singh  , Pooja Nandukumar Shingewad  , Shruti Shrikant Nikam
Published: April 2022

Although social media has become the most widely utilized and active form of communication, research on its usage in crisis management is still in its early stages. As a result, this research examines the rising body of knowledge on social media and crisis management. [1] Between October 2017 and January 2018, a review was conducted, which included locating and retrieving records from an electronic database. The outcomes of this study indicated that the rise of social media has altered the landscape of crisis communication by allowing for greater engagement. However, due to its nature, social media might also be used to spark a crisis. This means that the crisis can be both produced and disseminated through social media. Nonetheless, social media's promise as a crisis-resolution tool is undeniable. It has the capability of proving a claim, dispelling false rumors, or just demonstrating a fact. As a result, practitioners should understand how social media works and how to best use it to interact with their stakeholders. This study also includes other findings, limits, and useful suggestions for scholars and practitioners interested in learning more about the role of social media on crisis communication and management. As most of the crisis problem were reported via twitter. However, most of the problem reported and corresponding responses via twitter were not successfully exchanged between victim’s and resource organization. As a result, most of the tweets were not getting help. Thus, we designed a platform where people can avail the resources of crisis through tweets matching concept using machine learning.
Technik für die grüne Oase
Authors: Reckter Bettina
Published: April 2022

Gartentechnik: Wer einen Garten hat, hat immer was zu tun. Mit den richtigen Geräten kann die Pflege des eigenen Grüns sogar richtig Spaß machen. Wir haben ein paar Neuheiten zusammengestellt, damit die Arbeit zum Vergnügen wird. Von Bettina Reckter
Control del puerperio en mujeres peruanas de zona urbana y rural: análisis secundario de una encuesta nacional
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú., Liñan-Bermudez Alexandra , Leon Pastuso Pamela , Chafloque Chavesta Jhonny Jesús , Barja-Ore John
Published: April 2022

Objective: To compare the characteristics of postpartum control from Peruvian women in urban and rural areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study, carried out from the 2020 Demographic and Family Health Survey, analyzed 9017 records of women of reproductive age. Weighted and unweighted counts were estimated; and the chi square test was used at a 95% confidence level. Results: 97.1% of the women had postpartum control. In urban and rural areas, the prevalence of this service was 98.7% and 91.1%, respectively. 78.9% of women in urban areas had their first check-up within 4 hours after giving birth, 45.2% were seen by a doctor, and 58.2% received care in health facilities of the Ministry of Health. In rural areas, 35.1% received care from a professional Obstetrician, 12.3% had control between the first 4 and 23 hours of delivery, and 8.2% received this care at home or in the house of the midwife. Conclusions: In rural areas, compared to urban areas, postpartum control is less prevalent. The provision of this service in the shortest possible time, by health professionals and in health facilities, is significantly higher in urban areas.
Herpes Virus Simple tipo 2 ¿factor y/o cofactor en el cáncer del cuello uterino? Revisión narrativa de la literatura
Authors:   Universidad del Zulia. Maracaibo. Venezuela, Núñez Troconis José Trinidad
Published: April 2022

Objective: To review and analyze the possible role of herpes simplex virus type 2 as a factor and/or cofactor in the origin and development of cervical cancer. Methods: The Latin American and international literature was reviewed between 1970 and Junio 2020. The terms were used:herpes simplex virus type 2 and/or epidemiology, human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Results: Herpes simplex virus type 2 is considered one of the most frequent sexually transmitted infections in the world. It has been related to the origin and evolution of cervical neoplasms and their precursors. The possible mechanisms by which it could participate in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer are analyzed, as a cofactor with papillomavirus or as an independent factor. Conclusions: More clinical, epidemiological, serological and molecular studies are required to elucidate the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 2 in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer
Síndromes hipertensivos del embarazo: pautas actualizadas para la conducta clínica
Authors:   Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud «Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta», Universidad de Oriente – Núcleo Bolívar, Carrión-Nessi Fhabián Stevens , Omaña-Ávila Óscar D. , Romero Arocha Sinibaldo R. , Mendoza Daniela L. , Lahoud Andrea C. , de Marchis Mariana de J. , Forero-Peña David A.
Published: April 2022

Hypertensive syndromes of pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide.Their etiology is complex, multifactorial and not yet fully understood; however, there is recent evidence that the symptoms are attributable to an excessive inflammatory response causing widespread endothelial damage. During the last few years, our understanding of these entities has progressed, leading to modified definitions and diagnostic criteria for hypertensive syndromes of pregnancy. Although it is possible to control blood pressure with antihypertensive drugs and prevent seizures with magnesium sulfate, for the time being the only definitive treatment for preeclampsia and eclampsia remains scheduled, often premature, delivery. This study provides updated guidelines for early diagnosis and timely treatment of the different types of hypertensive syndromes of pregnancy.
Plastic waste management and recycling in Mombasa, Kenya: A scoping study of the value chain and its institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks
Authors: Njoroge George , Nikam Jaee , Ddiba Daniel
Published: April 2022

Plastic waste management and recycling activities have the potential to reduce the environmental impacts of plastic production and to tap the economic value of would-be waste materials through circular economy approaches. This report focuses on the framework for establishing effective practices in Mombasa, Kenya, with policymaking, institutional support and regulations, and with implications for similar contexts elsewhere.
Dinamika Pemerintahan Desa di Kawasan Pesisir
Authors: NIngsih Satia , Suaib Eka , Yusuf Bakri
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini membahas realitas dinamika pemerintahan desa dalam membangun kemandirian di kawasan pesisir. Metode riset yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, interview, dan dokumentasi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dinamika pemerintahan desa secara umum telah mengarah pada kemandirian baik dari aspek tata kelola pemerintahan, penyelenggaraan pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat.
Development of Streaming Media Security using Geolocation
Authors: Sulaiman Agus , Marzuki Marza Ihsan
Published: April 2022

Video streaming is digital data that is shared over the internet network. Streaming video through security protection techniques creates a security that is expected to protect intellectual property rights because there is data transfer through the internet. The use of password-based and token-based authentication is a security technology widely used in exchanging data and information between the client and server. However, this method is currently not sufficient to represent a security system using a Geographic Information System. Geolocation is a system or designation of geographic location in a world on an object that is connected via the internet network. IP geolocation can be used to define a particular IP address based on the geographic location from which the device is connected to the internet. The benefit of applying this technology is that each individual or organization can identify the location of a device connected to the internet. The study will use applied research and quantitative data with the implementation of a Geographic Information System that includes the creation of a security architecture on video streaming using Geolocation and test variables that can be used as a basis for analysis to describe the results of the testers. The test results with a random access server system from 50 countries with a blacklist and whitelist grouping mapping system show a success rate of 80%. Based on the results obtained from the use of live streaming security with Geolocation, it can be implemented to improve the security system.
Analysis of Plant Growth and Gallic Acid Content for Cavendish Banana (Musa acuminata) Shoot Culture with Bubble Column Bioreactor
Authors: Nurhayati Nunung , Esyanti Rizkita Rachmi , Lambangsari Khalilan
Published: April 2022

Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata) is one of the most important fruits in the world. Cavendish shoots tissue culture using bubble column bioreactor can be a solution to produce high yielding plantlet and gallic acid due to the aeration with minimum shear stress. In this study, the average growth rate, presence of gallic acid, and antioxidant activity (IC50) in the bubble column bioreactor (200 mL capacity) with the aeration rates of 1 mL/s and 2 mL/s using Murashige & Skoog half-strength liquid medium supplemented with 0.5 ppm gibberellic acid will be analyzed. The aeration system used was atmospheric air. The leaves and stems were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol solvent (1:10 (w/v)). A qualitative phenolic test with FeCl3, thin layer chromatography, and antioxidant test with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was carried out. The average growth rate in the bioreactor were 0.22 ± 0.001 g/day (1 mL/s) and 0.21 ± 0.001 g/day (2 mL/s). All the leaf and stem extracts showed positive results for the phenolic test, but the presence of gallic acid could not be detected clearly by thin-layer chromatography. The IC50 values in aeration rates of 1 mL/s and 2 mL/s of the leaves were 41.35 and 79.54 μg/mL, respectively, while the stems were 51.87 and 104.94 μg/mL, respectively. It could be concluded that the growth of the banana plantlet and the production of antioxidants in the bubble column bioreactor was higher in aeration rate of 1 mL/s than 2 mL/s.
Isabelle Stengers: tieteenanalyysin ja -kritiikin moniulotteinen käytännöllisyys
Authors: Haila Yrjö
Published: April 2022

Chuck Dyke1: ”Maailmassa on kahdenlaisia ihmisiä, ystävä hyvä: ne, jotka ajattelevat, että jos he eivät keksi yhtä kanonisoitua tapaa sanoa se, he eivät ymmärrä sitä; ja ne, jotka ajattelevat, että jos he eivät kykene sanomaan sitä usealla tusinalla eri tavalla, he eivät ymmärrä sitä. Edelliset ovat teologeja; ja jälkimmäiset ovat opettajia. Tajuatko?” (Lähde [soveltaen]: Sergio Leone et al. Hyvät, pahat ja rumat).

Isabelle Stengers (s. 1948) on laaja-alainen tieteen analyytikko, filosofi sekä ajankohtaisten kulttuuristen ja poliittisten teemojen arvioitsija, johon voi hyvin perustein soveltaa attribuuttia ”moderni klassikko”. Stengers on peruskoulutukseltaan luonnontieteilijä; hänen tausta-alansa on kemia. Hän ei sopeutunut laboratoriotutkijan uralle vaan kiinnostui jo varhain tieteen historiasta ja filosofiasta ja tuli kansainvälisesti tunnetuksi yhdessä kemian Nobelilla vuonna 1977 palkitun Ilya Prigoginen (1917–2003) kanssa kirjoittamastaan teoksesta Order Out Of Chaos. Man’s New Dialogue with Nature (Prigogine & Stengers 1984).
Minne menit, yhteiskuntateoria?
Authors: Virtanen Mikko J.
Published: April 2022

Ovatko sosiologisen yhteiskuntateorian mahdollisuusehdot muuttuneet ja jos ovat niin miten, kysyy tutkija Mikko J. Virtanen puuheenvuorossaan. Virtasen kirjoitus aloittaa Tiede & edistyksen yhteiskuntateoreettisen keskustelun nykytilaa ja tulevaisuutta pohtivan puheenvuorosarjan.

Tarkastelen tässä kirjoituksessa suomalaisen yhteiskuntateoreettisen keskustelun hiipumista ja siihen vaikuttavia tekijöitä viimeisten vuosikymmenten aikana. Näkökulmani on sosiologinen: lähestyn yhteiskuntateoriaa sen yhteiskunnallisten mahdollisuusehtojen kautta. Tarkastelutapani ja -kohteeni rakentuu puolestaan autoetnografisesti:­ havainnoin yhteiskuntateoreettisen kehittelyn ja keskustelun mahdollisuuksia suomalaisen sosiologian sisältä ja pohjaan tarkasteluni ensisijaisesti omiin, prekaarisosiologin kokemuksiini viimeisen 20 vuoden ajalta.
Prekaarit äidit palkkatyön reunoilla ja kotien kynnyksillä
Authors: Mäkinen Katariina
Published: April 2022

Lilli Aini Rokkonen: Prekaari äitiys. Kertomuksia palkkatyön reunamilta. University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 2020. 327 s.

Äitiyden maisemassa on aina ollut paljon epävarmuutta ja ennustamattomuutta, mutta nykyäitiyteen liittyy erityistä haurautta. Äitiyden kulttuuriset odotukset ovat yhä intensiivisempiä, ja samanaikaisesti yhteiskunnallisten instituutioiden haurastuminen ja hapertuminen nakertaa äitien elämän perustuksia. Tätä ilmiötä Lilli Aini Rokkosen väitöskirja Prekaari äitiys jäljittää, tekee näkyväksi ja teoretisoi. Väitös yhdistää äitiyden kulttuurisen teorian ja tutkimuksen uuden työn ja prekarisaation keskusteluihin. Näitä kahta tutkimuskenttää nivotaan yhteen äitiyden ja työn yhteiskuntapoliittisen tarkastelun kautta.
Mitä on tutkiva mielikuvitus?
Authors: Lohtaja Aleksi
Published: April 2022

Sanna Ryynänen & Anni Rannikko: Tutkiva mielikuvitus — Luovat, osallistuvat ja toiminnalliset tutkimusmenetelmät yhteiskuntatieteissä. Gaudeamus, Helsinki 2021. 328 s.

Sosiologi C. Wright Mills esittää klassikkoteoksessaan Sosiologinen mielikuvitus (2015), että hyvä yhteiskuntatieteellinen tutkimus edellyttää mielikuvituksellista kykyä liikkua eri näkökulmien välillä ja tunnistaa olennaisia kysymyksiä myös teemoissa, joiden tutkimus voi vaikuttaa alkuun vähäpätöiseltä. Nykyisin yhteiskuntatieteissä tunnustetaan laaja-alaisesti tällaisen sosiologisen mielikuvituksen tarpeellisuus, mutta näkökulman menetelmällinen perustelu ja metodologisointi itsessään on edelleen hankalaa. Minkälaista metodologiaa sosiologinen tai yhteiskunta­tieteellinen mielikuvitus vaatii?
Effects of the sample matrix on the photobleaching and photodegradation of toluene-derived secondary organic aerosol compounds
Authors: Klodt Alexandra , Adamek Marley , Dibley Monica , Nizkorodov Sergey , O’Brien Rachel
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the photooxidation of aromatic compounds in the presence of oxides of nitrogen is known to efficiently absorb ultraviolet and visible radiation. With exposure to sunlight, the photodegradation of chormophoric compounds in the SOA causes this type of SOA to slowly photobleach. These photodegradation reactions may occur in cloud droplets, which are characterized by low concentrations of solutes, or in aerosol particles, which can have highly viscous organic phases and aqueous phases with high concentrations of inorganic salts. To investigate the effects of the surrounding matrix on the rates and mechanisms of photodegradation of SOA compounds, SOA was prepared in a smog chamber by photooxidation of toluene in the presence of NOx. The collected SOA was photolyzed for up to 24 h using UV-B radiation (300–400 nm) from a Xenon arc lamp under different conditions: directly on the filter, dissolved in pure water, and dissolved in 1 M ammonium sulfate. The SOA mass absorption coefficient was measured as a function of irradiation time to determine photobleaching rates. Electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography separation was used to observe changes in SOA composition resulting from the irradiation. The rate of decrease in SOA mass absorption coefficient due to photobleaching was the fastest in water, with the presence of 1 M ammonium sulfate modestly slowing down the photobleaching. Photobleaching directly on the filter was much slower, and approximately 50 % of the absorption persisted even after 5 h of irradiation. The high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis revealed an efficient photodegradation of nitrophenol compounds on the filter but not in the aqueous phases, with relatively little change observed in the composition of the SOA irradiated in water or 1 M ammonium sulfate despite faster photobleaching. This suggests that nitrophenol photodegradation contributes much more significantly to photobleaching in the organic phase than in the aqueous phase. We conclude that the SOA absorption coefficient lifetime with respect to photobleaching and lifetimes of individual chromophores in SOA with respect to photodegradation will depend strongly on the sample matrix in which SOA compounds are exposed to sunlight.
A Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensor for Continuous in situ Profiling 2 km Beneath Constant-altitude Scientific Balloons
Authors: Goetz J. Douglas , Kalnajs Lars K. , Deshler Terry , Davis Sean , Bramberger Martina , Alexander M. Joan
Published: April 2022

Abstract. A novel fiber optic distributed temperature sensing instrument named the Fiber-optic Laser Operated Atmospheric Temperature Sensor, or FLOATS, was developed for continuous in situ profiling of the atmosphere up to 2 km below constant altitude scientific balloons. The temperature sensing system uses a suspended fiber optic cable and temperature dependent scattering of pulsed laser light in the Raman regime to retrieve continuous 3 m vertical resolution profiles at a minimum sampling period of 20 s. FLOATS was designed for operation aboard drifting superpressure balloons in the tropical tropopause layer at altitudes around 18 km as part of the Stratéole 2 campaign. A short test flight of the system was conducted from Laramie, Wyoming, in January 2021 to check the optical, electrical, and mechanical systems at altitude and to validate a four-reference temperature calibration procedure with a fiber optic deployment length of 1170 m. During the 4-hour flight aboard a vented balloon, FLOATS retrieved temperature profiles during ascent and while at a constant float altitude of about 19 km. The FLOATS retrievals provided differences of less than 1.0 °C compared to a commercial radiosonde aboard the flight payload during ascent. At float altitude, a comparison of optical length and GPS position at the bottom of the fiber optic revealed little to no curvature in the fiber optic cable suggesting that the position of any distributed temperature measurement can be effectively modeled. Comparisons of the distributed temperature retrievals to the reference temperature sensors show strong agreement with root mean square error values less than 0.4 °C. The instrument also demonstrated good agreement with nearby meteorological observations and COSMIC-2 satellite profiles. Observations of temperature and wind perturbations compared to the nearby radiosounding profiles provide evidence of inertial gravity wave activity during the test flight. Spectral analysis of the observed temperature perturbations shows that FLOATS is an effective and pioneering tool for the investigation of small scale gravity waves in the lower stratosphere.
Prophylaxis and treatment of infection in long bones using an antibiotic-loaded ceramic coating with interlocking intramedullary nails
Authors: Downey Emilie-Ann , Jaime Kayla M. , Reif Taylor J. , Makhdom Asim M. , Rozbruch S. Robert , Fragomen Austin T.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Background: The study was done (1) to report on our recent experience with antibiotic-loaded
calcium sulfate-coated interlocking intramedullary nails (CS-IMN) for
infection prevention or infection eradication and (2) to compare the efficacy of
CS-IMN versus antibiotic-loaded polymethylmethacrylate-coated IMN (PMMA-IMN)
for infection eradication.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of consecutive
patients who underwent a limb salvage procedure for infection cure or
infection prevention with PMMA-IMN or CS-IMN. We reviewed patient
demographics, host-type, pre-operative infecting organisms, intraoperative
cultures, as well as our main outcomes: infection control rate, achievement
of union/fusion, and limb salvage.
Results: 33 patients were treated with CS-IMN: 9 patients with goal of
infection cure and 24 patients for infection prophylaxis. When used for
infection prophylaxis, there was a 100 % (24/24 patients) prevention of
infection rate, 95.5 % union rate (21/22 patients), and 100 % (24/24 patients) limb salvage rate. Nine patients were treated with CS-IMN to
eradicate infection and were compared to a cohort of 28 patients who were
treated with PMMA-IMN. The infection was eradicated in 7/9 patients
(77.8 %) in the CS-IMN group versus 21/26 patients (80 %) in the
PMMA-IMN group (p=0.44). Bone union/fusion was achieved in 8/9 patients
(88.9 %) in the CS-IMN group versus 21/24 patients (87.5 %) in the
PMMA-IMN group (p=0.11). The limb salvage rate in the CS-IMN group was
100 % (9/9 patients) versus 89 % (25/28 patients) in the PMMA-IMN
group.
Conclusions: CS-IMN are safe and easy to use, and we have therefore expended
our indications for them. CS-IMN are very effective at infection prophylaxis
in high-risk cases where infection is suspected. Early analysis suggests
that CS-IMN are non-inferior to PMMA-IMN for infection eradication. This is
our preliminary data that show this novel technique to be safe in a small
cohort and may be as effective as the more established method. Future
studies with larger cohorts of patients will be required to confirm these
findings.
Teacher Perceptions of University Mentoring Programs Planning for Inclusive Elementary Schools: A Case Study in Indonesia
Authors: Rasmitadila Rasmitadila , Humaira Megan Asri , Rachmadtullah Reza , Sesrita Afrida , Laeli Sobrul , Muhdiyati Iyon , Firmansyah Wilis
Published: April 2022

One of the problems in implementing inclusive education in inclusive elementary schools in Indonesia is that there is no continuous and sustainable mentoring program from the government. This study aimed to explore the opinions of general teachers (GTs) regarding the mentoring program planning by the university that should give to inclusive elementary schools. Collected data by semi-structured interviews with forty of GTs in inclusive elementary schools. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis of qualitative data. The results found four main themes: mentoring inclusive elementary schools' completeness, mentoring inclusive classroom instructions, organizing seminars and training, and mentoring time. The mentoring program planning that the university should conduct for inclusive elementary schools in Indonesia consists of academic and non-academic aspects on a collaborative and sustainable basis. Broadly, the university must be a center for research and development resources for inclusive education that can solve implementing inclusive education at every level of education.
Implementation of E-Learning, Motivation and Learning Independence to Improve Learning Outcomes
Authors: Mulyaningrum Ratna Rahayu , Forijati Rr , . Subagyo
Published: April 2022

his study aims to determine the effect of using e-learning, learning motivation and learning independence on student learning outcomes in class XI IPS 1 MAN 1 Nganjuk. The population in this study were 99 students of class XI IPS MAN 1 Nganjuk. The sample was determined as many as 30 students based on Roscoe's that for research, the appropriate sample size in the study was between 30 to 500. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and documentation, which were then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS Version 26 program. The results of data analysis showed that either partially or simultaneously the use of e-learning, learning motivation and learning independence had a significant effect on learning outcomes.

Keywords: e-learning, learning motivation, independent learning, learning outcomes.
Proposition of an Objective and Standardized Sustainability Index: An Alternative to ISE B3
Authors: De Melo Neto João José , Lausanne Fontgalland Isabel
Published: April 2022

In Brazil, the financial advances in market in the recently years are visible, the type B3, is in progression. Studies about the difficulty of measuring corporate sustainability, mainly through qualitative research, fail to assess corporate social performance in companies, mainly because biases and heuristics end up altering the perception of decision makers, making conceptions that should be biased. be rational. Through the MAUT multi-criteria decision support method, we propose an alternative sustainable development index to the ISE with information from the financial statements, considering the proposed index efficient and correlated with the other ESG indexes of B3.
Antibiofilm impact of ziziphus spina christi on methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus warneri
Authors: Neamah Bent Alhuda Hussein , Alquraishy Manar Kareem , Almousawi Alia Hussien , Chessab Roaa Mohammed , Shaker Zahraa Basem , Abed Hujan Abdulraheem
Published: April 2022

This research aimed to study the antibacterial activity and Antibiotic effect of hot aqueous extract of leaves of Ziziphus spina Christy (Sidr),against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus wernari. four isolates were initially diagnosed as Staphylococci bacteria, then one isolation was chosen depending on its sensitivity  and resistance to several different types of antibiotics. The VITEK-2 compact system (ID and AST) and PCR were used to confirm the type of staphylococcal isolates . The results showed that one isolate was due to Staphylococcus wernari.  the ability of isolate to form biofilm was tested using the Microtiter plate method (96 wells). The results indicated that the extracted isolate was able to produce a biofilm. Where there was a clear effect of moxifloxacin and penicillin G with (MIC), (Sub-MIC) and (Sub-MIC) in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, A significant (P < 0.001).Synergistic effect between Penicillin G, Moxifloxacin with (MIC), (Sub-MIC) and (Sub-MIC) were tested with hot aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina christi (Sidr) leaves with 50 mg/mL. The results showed a high synergy between two types of antibiotics and plant extracts.
Classification of pneumonia using pre-trained convolutional networks on chest X-Ray images
Authors: Natarajan G. , Dhanalakshmi P.
Published: April 2022

Pneumonia is an infection that is caused to the people of all ages with mild to severe inflammation of the lung disease. The most common and best method for the diagnosis of pneumonia is chest radiography. But diagnosing pneumonia from chest radiographs is a difficult task, even for radiologists. To overcome, Pre-Trained Convolutional Neural Networks namely Inceptionv3 and Resnet50 are used as a feature extractor. The exacted features are fed into 1D CNN which is classifies into Normal, Bacterial Pneumonia and Viral Pneumonia. When comparing Inceptionv3 with 1D CNN and resnet50 with 1D CNN, it is analyzed that Inceptionv3 with 1D CNN gives the satisfactory results of 96.04%.