bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Obituary-Donald Henry Colless 1922–2012
Authors: YEATES DAVID K. , CRANSTON PETER S.
Published: June 2013

Donald Henry Colless (24 August 1922–16 February 2012) was a taxonomist at the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC) from 1960 until his retirement in 1987. He continued working in ANIC as an Honorary Fellow until his death in 2012. Don’s main scientific interests were in the taxonomy and biology of true flies, and in the theory of phylogenetic reconstruction and classification. Don was trained in entomology at the University of Sydney, and spent nearly two de-cades of his early career in Asia studying mosquitoes and disease transmission, first in the Army during the Second World War in New Guinea and Borneo (1942–45), then after the war in North Borneo (1947–1952) and as a lecturer in the De-partment of Parasitology at the University of Malaya (1952–1960) in Singapore. We list the 127 scientific papers and book chapters that Don published during his scientific career that spanned 64 years. Six of these papers were published in the prestigious international journal Nature, and he was Chief Curator of the ANIC from 1971–1977. Don had extremely broad taxonomic interests, publishing on the taxonomy of 18 families of Diptera that spanned the phylogenetic breadth of the order. He described as new to science the fly families Perissommatidae and Axiniidae, thirteen new genera and over 120 species and, with David McAlpine, authored the Diptera chapters in both editions of The Insects of Australia (Mel-bourne University Press, 1970 and 1991). He published a number of influential critiques of cladistic theory in the 1960’s and 1970’s, and advocated a phenetic approach to the discovery of taxonomic groups, and phylogenetic reconstruction.
New species of Anabarhynchus Macquart (Diptera: Therevidae) from arid and monsoon tropical Australia
Authors: FERGUSON DAVID J. , IRWIN MICHAEL E.
Published: June 2013

Anabarhynchus Macquart (1848) is a species-rich gen of therevine Therevidae, with over 90 species described from Aus-tralia alone. Over the past two decades, extensive and intensive malaise trap surveys have revealed that the continent con-tains many additional species to the previous 94 species known; making that genus one of the most species-rich therevid genera in the world. Specimens of these new species are deposited in Australian collections, notably the Australian Mu-seum (AM), Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC), and the Queensland Museum (QM). Here we describe, diag-nose and illustrate ten new species in the genus Anabarhynchus as follows: Anabarhynchus doncollessi sp. n., Anabarhynchus ewamin sp. n., Anabarhynchus lyneborgi sp. n., Anabarhynchus parilus sp. n., Anabarhynchus parkeri sp. n., Anabarhynchus pilbara sp. n., Anabarhynchus ravenshoensis sp. n., Anabarhynchus shiptonsflatensis sp. n., Ana-barhynchus tribulationensis sp. n., Anabarhynchus weipaensis sp. n. These new species add to the faunas known from arid and monsoon tropical Australia.
Notes to the species composition of the genus Paramacrobiotus Guidetti et al., 2009 (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae)
Authors: DEGMA PETER
Published: June 2013

Summary: For this paper I analyzed the descriptions of all seventy seven currently known Macrobiotus species with three macroplacoids, with or without a microplacoid, to ascertain if they fit to the morphological diagnosis of the genus Paramacrobiotus Guidetti et al., 2009. Most (sixty three species) differed from the genus Paramacrobiotus characters as they were either members of the Macrobiotus harmsworthi and furciger species groups or did not possess the combination of two unique genus characters (elongated macroplacoids and microplacoid considerably distant from the third macroplacoid, if present). Insufficient descriptions for a further ten species means their taxonomic positions remain unclear. Four Macrobiotus species are transferred to the genus Paramacrobiotus and their new taxonomic position is Paramacrobiotus danielisae (Pilato, Binda & Lisi, 2006) comb. nov., Paramacrobiotus hapukuensis (Pilato, Binda & Lisi, 2006) comb. nov., Paramacrobiotus priviterae (Binda, Pilato, Moncada & Napolitano, 2001) comb. nov. and Paramacrobiotus sklodowskae (Michalczyk, Kaczmarek & Węglarska, 2006) comb. nov.
Linearity of Climate Response to Increases in Black Carbon Aerosols
Authors: Mahajan Salil , Evans Katherine J. , Hack James J. , Truesdale John E.
Published: June 2013

The impacts of absorbing aerosols on global climate are not completely understood. This paper presents the results of idealized experiments conducted with the Community Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CAM4), coupled to a slab ocean model (CAM4–SOM) to simulate the climate response to increases in tropospheric black carbon aerosols (BC) by direct and semidirect effects. CAM4-SOM was forced with 0, 1×, 2×, 5×, and 10× an estimate of the present day concentration of BC while maintaining the estimated present day global spatial and vertical distribution. The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative forcing of BC in these experiments is positive (warming) and increases linearly as the BC burden increases. The total semidirect effect for the 1 × BC experiment is positive but becomes increasingly negative for higher BC concentrations. The global-average surface temperature response is found to be a linear function of the TOA radiative forcing. The climate sensitivity to BC from these experiments is estimated to be 0.42 K W−1 m2 when the semidirect effects are accounted for and 0.22 K W−1 m2 with only the direct effects considered. Global-average precipitation decreases linearly as BC increases, with a precipitation sensitivity to atmospheric absorption of 0.4% W−1 m2. The hemispheric asymmetry of BC also causes an increase in southward cross-equatorial heat transport and a resulting northward shift of the intertropical convergence zone in the simulations at a rate of 4° PW−1. Global-average mid- and high-level clouds decrease, whereas the low-level clouds increase linearly with BC. The increase in marine stratocumulus cloud fraction over the southern tropical Atlantic is caused by increased BC-induced diabatic heating of the free troposphere.
High-Resolution Atmospheric Sensing of Multiple Atmospheric Variables Using the DataHawk Small Airborne Measurement System
Authors: Lawrence Dale A. , Balsley Ben B.
Published: June 2013

The DataHawk small airborne measurement system provides in situ atmospheric measurement capabilities for documenting scales as small as 1 m and can access reasonably large volumes in and above the atmospheric boundary layer at low cost. The design of the DataHawk system is described, beginning with the atmospheric measurement requirements, and articulating five key challenges that any practical measurement system must overcome. The resulting characteristics of the airborne and ground support components of the DataHawk system are outlined, along with its deployment, operating, and recovery modes. Typical results are presented to illustrate the types and quality of data provided by the current system, as well as the need for more of these finescale measurements. Particular focus is given to the DataHawk's ability to make very-high-resolution measurements of a variety of atmospheric variables simultaneously, with emphasis given to the measurement of two important finescale turbulence parameters, (the temperature turbulence structure constant) and ɛ (the turbulent energy dissipation rate). Future sensing possibilities and limitations using this approach are also discussed.
Improved Airborne Hot-Wire Measurements of Ice Water Content in Clouds
Authors: Korolev A. , Strapp J. W. , Isaac G. A. , Emery E.
Published: June 2013

Airborne measurements of ice water content (IWC) in both ice and mixed-phase clouds remain one of the long-standing problems in experimental cloud physics. For nearly three decades, IWC has been measured with the help of the Nevzorov hot-wire total water content (TWC) sensor, which had an inverted cone shape. It was assumed that ice particles would be captured inside the cone and then completely melt and evaporate. However, wind tunnel experiments conducted with the help of high-speed video recordings showed that ice particles may bounce out of the TWC cone, resulting in the underestimation of the measured IWC. The TWC sensor was modified to improve the capture efficiency of ice particles. The modified sensor was mounted on the National Research Council (NRC) Convair-580 and its measurements in ice clouds were compared with the measurements of the original Nevzorov TWC sensor, a Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT) counterflow virtual impactor (CVI), and IWC calculated from the particle size distribution measured by optical array probes (OAPs). Results indicated that the IWC measured by the modified TWC hot-wire sensor as well as the CVI and that deduced from the OAP size distributions agreed reasonably well when the maximum size of ice particles did not exceed 4 mm. However, IWC measured by the original TWC sensor was approximately 3 times lower than that measured by the other three techniques. This result can be used for the retrieval of the past IWC measurements obtained with this TWC sensor. For clouds with ice particles larger than 4 mm, the IWC measured by the modified TWC sensor and CVI exhibited diverging measurements.
Are the Winters 2010 and 2012 Archetypes Exhibiting Extreme Opposite Behavior of the North Atlantic Jet Stream?*
Authors: Santos João A. , Woollings Tim , Pinto Joaquim G.
Published: June 2013

The atmospheric circulation over the North Atlantic–European sector experienced exceptional but highly contrasting conditions in the recent 2010 and 2012 winters (November–March, with the year dated by the relevant January). Evidence is given for the remarkably different locations of the eddy-driven westerly jet over the North Atlantic. In the 2010 winter the maximum of the jet stream was systematically between 30° and 40°N (south jet regime), whereas in the 2012 winter it was predominantly located around 55°N (north jet regime). These jet features underline the occurrence of either weak flow (2010) or strong and persistent ridges throughout the troposphere (2012). This is confirmed by the very different occurrence of blocking systems over the North Atlantic, associated with episodes of strong cyclonic (anticyclonic) Rossby wave breaking in 2010 (2012) winter. These dynamical features underlie strong precipitation and temperature anomalies over parts of Europe, with detrimental impacts on many socioeconomic sectors. Despite the highly contrasting atmospheric states, mid- and high-latitude boundary conditions do not reveal strong differences in these two winters. The two winters were associated with opposite ENSO phases, but there is no causal evidence of a remote forcing from the Pacific sea surface temperatures. Finally, the exceptionality of the two winters is demonstrated in relation to the last 140 years. It is suggested that these winters may be seen as archetypes of North Atlantic jet variability under current climate conditions.
Neighborhood Immigration, Violence, and City-Level Immigrant Political Opportunities
Authors: Lyons Christopher J. , Vélez María B. , Santoro Wayne A.
Published: June 2013

Using a multilevel comparative framework, we propose that politically receptive city contexts facilitate the viability of marginalized neighborhoods. To illustrate this proposition, we examine the relationship between immigrant concentration and neighborhood violence. Drawing on political process and minority incorporation theories, we argue that favorable immigrant political opportunities will strengthen the often-found inverse relationship between immigration and crime at the neighborhood level. Unique data from the National Neighborhood Crime Study (Peterson and Krivo 2010a) provide demographic and violence information for Census tracts in a representative sample of 87 large cities. We append this dataset with city-level measures of immigrant political opportunities, such as the extent of minority political incorporation into elected offices and pro-immigrant legislation. Multilevel instrumental variable analyses reveal that the inverse relationship between immigrant concentration and neighborhood violent crime is generally enhanced in cities with favorable immigrant political opportunities. We speculate that this occurs because favorable political contexts bolster social organization by enhancing trust and public social control within immigrant neighborhoods. Our findings demonstrate that the fate of neighborhoods marginalized across ethnicity and nativity are shaped by the responsiveness of political actors and structures to their concerns.
“A Web of Tension”
Authors: Rasmussen Chris
Published: June 2013

Historians have recently examined the Civil Rights movement in the North and the links between its nonviolent tactics and the violent protest that erupted in many Northern cities in the 1960s. In 1967, unrest arose in Newark, Detroit, and many other cities. New Brunswick, only twenty-five miles from Newark, experienced protests on two successive nights in July 1967, but averted loss of life and massive destruction of property. The report of the Kerner Commission credited New Brunswick Mayor Patricia Sheehan’s conciliatory approach with averting violence. An examination of the Kerner Commission’s papers suggests a more complex dynamic, one that confirms the mayor’s key role, but also reveals that antipoverty workers, black leaders, and the protestors themselves played significant roles in averting violence. The protestors strategically put pressure on the mayor, and then relented when she promised to improve conditions for the city’s poor and black residents.
Angry at the Unjust, Scared of the Powerful
Authors: Giner-Sorolla Roger , Maitner Angela T.
Published: June 2013

The threat of terrorist attacks motivates emotional reactions that elicit functional behavioral responses to characteristics of a threatening group. We argue that the more the group is seen as unjust, the more anger arises, whereas the more it is seen as powerful, the more fear arises. In Experiment 1, British participants read about terrorist groups with varied levels of injustice and power. As expected, the manipulation of injustice increased anger, and power increased fear. Anger and fear predicted offensive and defensive reactions. Experiment 2 used a representative sample of U.S. residents and again found distinct effects of an injustice manipulation on anger, and a power manipulation on fear. Anger was a primary motivator of support for offensive and defensive measures in both experiments. Willingness to negotiate was reduced with more injustice and anger, but increased with more outgroup power and fear. These findings have implications on public reactions to terrorist organizations.
One-to-one pedagogy: Developing a protocol for illuminating the nature of teaching in the conservatoire
Authors: Carey Gemma , Grant Catherine , McWilliam Erica , Taylor Peter
Published: June 2013

This article outlines the approach used to develop a scheme to characterize the nature and quality of specific practices of one-to-one teaching, selected on the basis of their potential significance to the development of student performance. Although the value of one-to-one teaching remains largely unchallenged at the conservatoire level, music institutions are increasingly being called to justify the need for such a cost- and resource-intensive pedagogical approach. Funding pressures combined with a lack of systematic investigation into the value and efficacy of one-to-one teaching underscore the urgent need for a rigorous, evidenced-based way to characterize related pedagogical practices. This article documents the processes of developing one such approach at an Australian conservatoire. The authors hope to encourage and facilitate the implementation of similar projects elsewhere, and thereby help lay the foundation for a systematic and credible international understanding of the value and limitations of one-to-one learning and teaching practices in the conservatoire environment.
Neuroscience meets music education: Exploring the implications of neural processing models on music education practice
Authors: Collins Anita
Published: June 2013

Over the past two decades, neuroscientists have been fascinated by the way the brain processes music. Using new technologies, neuroscientists offer us a better understanding of the human brain’s structures and functions. They have further proposed explanatory models for how the brain processes music. While these models shed light on how the brain functions, they have yet to make an impact on the field of music education where skills in music processing are a central concern. This article examines the implication of one music-processing model on music education practice. This conceptual study consisted of: 1) transforming the model to make it accessible to music educators, and 2) comparing the model with the experience of learning and teaching music. The study found that there were identifiable connections between Koelsch’s model of music processing and the lived experience of music learning. These connections could inform future curriculum design and practice in music education.
“Playing it like a professional”: Approaches to ensemble direction in tertiary institutions
Authors: Harrison Scott , O’Bryan Jessica , Lebler Don
Published: June 2013

This article reports on a case study of three directors of large ensembles within a large conservatoire and the ways in which they attempted to scaffold their students into professional music careers. The core aim in this article is to respond to the question “What is the role and function of the ensemble experience on the training of the professional musician?” The study reported on here formed part of a larger project into ensemble assessment practices. However as the study progressed, it became clear that each director perceived that their responsibilities to their students extended well beyond the institutional imperatives of reporting on progress and assessment practices. The sub-questions that relate to this aspect of the study therefore included: “What is the rationale for activities within the ensemble?” “How does the ensemble director facilitate and enable this learning experience?” and “What activities does the director see as intrinsic to the overall ensemble experience?”

Using a case study approach, the ensembles involved were observed and their directors were interviewed. Artifacts were also used to support the data generated. These included course outlines, detailed rehearsal expectations and other university prerequisites. The data are presented as narrative accounts of each director. While Directors centered their practices on short-term rehearsal and performance outcomes, they were also keenly aware of the need for students to develop generic musicianship skills and to ensure the development of self-management strategies for life after the conservatoire.
Personalization: From day centres to community hubs?
Authors: Needham Catherine
Published: June 2013

The article explores the relationship between personalization reforms of social care services in England and the redevelopment of day centres for older people and people with a disability. Recognizing the ways in which personalization reforms have been driven by a rejection of institutionalization, it considers how intersecting story-lines delegitimize the day centre model and promote alternative shared spaces such as ‘community hubs’. Using responses drawn from a small survey of day centre workers and case study interviews with social care managers, the article argues that the personalization narrative has been much more effective in legitimizing the closure of day centres than in stimulating the emergence of new collective spaces. There are a range of possible explanations for this apparent disconnect between the narrative and the practice context, including a neo-liberal agenda which uses the community hub story-line simply as cover for retrenchment of the welfare state, or an assumption that the financial context has knocked the story off track. However, a broader explanation was considered to be more plausible, acknowledging the difficulty that ambiguous narratives have in marshalling resources and ‘freezing’ change.
Visceral Smooth Muscle α-Actin Deficiency Associated With Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction in a Bengal Cat (Felis catus × Prionailurus bengalensis)
Authors: Imai D. M. , Miller J. L. , Leonard B. C. , Bach J. , Drees R. , Steinberg H. , Teixeira L. B. C.
Published: June 2013

An adult Bengal cat ( Felis catus × Prionailurus bengalensis) with a prolonged history of partial anorexia, regurgitation, and weight loss and a clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic diagnosis of persistent megaesophagus and gastrointestinal ileus was submitted for necropsy. The intestinal tract was diffusely distended by gas and fluid with appreciable loss of muscle tone and an absence of luminal obstruction, consistent with the clinical history of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Histologically, the autonomic nervous system was intact, but the smooth muscle within the gastrointestinal wall exhibited a marked basophilia that was most pronounced in the jejunum. Immunohistochemistry for neurofilament, synaptophysin, CD117, and desmin demonstrated that the number of myenteric ganglia, number of interstitial cells, and leiomyocyte desmin content were similar when compared with the unaffected age- and species-matched control. Immunohistochemistry for smooth muscle α-actin demonstrated a striking loss of immunoreactivity, predominantly in the circular layer of the jejunum, that corresponded with the tinctorial change in leiomyocytes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed loss of myofibrils, loss of organelle polarity, and significantly larger central mitochondria (megamitochondria) in affected leiomyocytes, as well as nonspecific degenerative changes. Although the presence of a primary leiomyopathy and a causal relationship could not be confirmed in this case, leiomyopathies are considered a cause of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in human medicine, and loss of smooth muscle α-actin immunoreactivity is one recognized marker for intestinal dysmotility.
Towards an open Marxist theory of imperialism
Authors: Sutton Alex
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this paper is to provide the basis for a theory of imperialism that is consonant with open Marxism. The paper argues that accounts of imperialism heretofore have been contingent and focused on the appearance of imperialism, and spent little time considering its essence as a manifestation of the state’s power and desire to maintain the circuit of capital both nationally and internationally. The paper seeks to show that open Marxism is well placed to achieve this, and to move towards an idea of an open Marxist theory of imperialism.
Glenohumeral Findings on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlate With Innings Pitched in Asymptomatic Pitchers
Authors: Lesniak Bryson P. , Baraga Michael G. , Jose Jean , Smith Marvin K. , Cunningham Sean , Kaplan Lee D.
Published: June 2013

Background:

In recent years, there has been a documented increase in the number of professional baseball players on the disabled list and the total number of days on the disabled list. Pitchers account for the largest number of disabled list reports.

Purpose:

To examine the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in asymptomatic professional pitchers and subsequent time on the disabled list (DL).

Study Design:

Cohort study (Prognosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 21 asymptomatic professional pitchers from a single Major League Baseball (MLB) organization underwent preseason MRIs of their dominant shoulder from 2001 to 2010. Asymptomatic was defined as no related DL stays in the 2 seasons before the MRI. These studies were reevaluated by a fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologist who was blinded to patient name, injury history, and baseball history. A second investigator who was blinded to the MRI results collected demographic data, total career number of innings pitched, and any subsequent DL reports for each subject.

Results:

The mean age at the time of MRI was 29.04 years (range, 20-39 years). Eleven of 21 pitchers had a rotator cuff tear (RCT): 9 had an articular surface tear (AST), and 2 had a full-thickness rotator cuff tear (FTT). Ten had superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) tears, and 13 had either anterior or posterior labral tears. There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of innings pitched and presence of an RCT (AST + FTT). The mean number of career innings pitched by those with an RCT was 1014 compared with a mean of 729 innings pitched in pitchers without an RCT ( P < .01). In addition, the number of career innings pitched was moderately correlated with presence of RCT ( r = 0.46) and presence of superior and anterior/posterior labral tears ( r = 0.43). There were no statistically significant findings between any single preseason MRI finding and subsequent time on the DL.

Conclusion:

The MRI findings in asymptomatic MLB pitchers do not appear to be related to near future placement on the DL. However, there was a significant difference in numbers of innings pitched between pitchers who had an RCT and those who did not and a moderate correlation between innings pitched and the presence of RCT as well as the presence of labral lesions. This finding supports the notion that RCT and labral injury in pitchers may result from repetitive overhead motion with subsequent strain on the rotator cuff tendons and glenoid labrum. Asymptomatic shoulder lesions in professional baseball pitchers appear to be more frequent than previously thought.
Diagnosis and salvation
Authors: Cristaudo Wayne
Published: June 2013

Eric Voegelin and Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy provide an interesting and important contrast in their Augustinian diagnoses of modernity and the role of revolution and faith in salvation in history. For Eric Voegelin the desolation of modern humanity springs from its unreal elevation of the self – its Gnostic inheritance – and its immanentization of God and the eschaton into history and progress. In keeping with this is the moderns’ failure to appreciate that the symbolic order required for a fulfilling human community and experience relies upon the necessity of maintaining God as a beyond in relation to society, man and world. Rosenstock-Huessy is also concerned that the failure of the moderns to understand the sign and significance of God is disastrous. And like Voegelin he is deeply opposed to modern Gnosticism and the pathologies that emerge from it, but Rosenstock-Huessy is also interested in something that is not Voegelin’s primary concern – mainly the role of providence in history.
Managerial Coaching Efficacy, Work-Related Attitudes, and Performance in Public Organizations
Authors: Kim Sewon , Egan Toby M. , Moon M. Jae
Published: June 2013

This study empirically tested a conceptual model of the relationships between managerial coaching behavior and employee attitudes as well as performance-related outcomes in public organizations in two different countries through the use of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Analyzing the data collected from United States ( N = 534) and South Korean ( N = 270) public employees, this study investigated how managerial coaching was mediated by role clarity that contributed to satisfaction with work and job performance. The current comparative study provides initial promise for generalizability of managerial coaching efficacy as well as evidence for potential culture difference in the effect of managerial coaching in the two countries.
Can a novel silver nano coating reduce infections and maintain cell viability in vitro?
Authors: Qureshi Ammar T , Landry Jace P , Dasa Vinod , Janes Marlene , Hayes Daniel J
Published: June 2013

Herein we report a facile layer-by-layer method for creating an antimicrobial coating composed of silver nanoparticles on medical grade titanium test discs. Nanoscale silver nanoparticle layers are attached to the titanium orthopedic implant material via aminopropyltriethoxy silane crosslinker that reacts with neighboring silane moieties to create an interconnected network. A monolayer of silane, followed by a monolayer of silver nanoparticles would form one self-assembled layer and this process can be repeated serially, resulting in increased silver nanoparticles deposition. The release rate of silver ion increases predictably with increasing numbers of layers and at appropriate thicknesses these coatings demonstrate 3–4 log reduction of viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Increasing the thickness of the coatings resulted in reduced bacterial colonization as determined by fluorescent staining and image analysis. Interestingly, the cytotoxicity of murine 3T3 cells as quantified by fluorescent staining and flow cytometry, was minimal and did not vary significantly with the coating thickness. Additionally, these coatings are mechanically stable and resist delamination by orthogonal stress test. This simple layer-by-layer coating technique may provide a cost-effective and biocompatible method for reducing microbial colonization of implantable orthopedic devices.
Randomized Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of 2 Electric Breast Pumps in the NICU
Authors: Burton Pat , Kennedy Kathy , Ahluwalia Jag S. , Nicholl Richard , Lucas Alan , Fewtrell Mary S.
Published: June 2013

Background:

Mothers with preterm infants may need to express milk for considerable periods. Research to improve breast pump design has focused on compression stimuli, frequencies, and vacuums.

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 2 electric pumps: Medela Symphony (pump S) and a novel pump (Philips AVENT Twin electronic pump; pump A). Both offer flexibility of rate and suction; pump A also incorporates petal compression cushions. Primary outcomes were (1) milk weight expressed during 10-day study period and (2) weight of milk expressed in a 15-minute test.

Methods:

Seventy-one mothers with preterm infants < 34 weeks were randomized. Mothers completed 10-day diaries including weight of milk expressed. Milk weight expressed during a single 15-minute test period and data on pumping mode, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding at infant discharge, and mothers’ opinions of the pump were recorded.

Results:

There was no significant difference in milk expressed during the first 10 days between groups. Pump S mothers expressed significantly more milk during a fixed 15-minute period. Mothers using pump A awarded higher scores for certain characteristics of the pump, notably location of control button and ease of use. Similar proportions of infants received breast milk at discharge, but pump A mothers were more likely to be directly breastfeeding (odds ratio, 4.27 [95% confidence interval, 1.29, 14.1]).

Conclusion:

The breast pumps showed similar effectiveness in terms of milk expression and maternal opinions. The finding that breast pump design may influence breastfeeding at infant discharge merits further investigation.
Mother’s Milk Technicians
Authors: Barbas Kimberly H.
Published: June 2013

When an infant is medically compromised or requires surgery shortly after birth, traditional breastfeeding is interrupted. In the United States, mothers of these medically complex infants often spend many hours using a breast pump to express their breast milk and store it for their baby to receive via a feeding tube or bottle until breastfeeding can be introduced. Often, additional calories, minerals, or modifications are made to mother’s milk to meet the infant’s needs. Many acute care pediatric facilities and neonatal intensive care units lack appropriate physical space for the preparation of fortified breast milk feedings, and the preparation of these feedings by nursing staff requires a significant investment of time. At Boston Children’s Hospital, the innovative role of a mother’s milk technician was created to provide preparation of breast milk utilizing standardized measurement of fortifiers by weight, prepared using an aseptic technique with standard operating procedures. The creative use of a “mobile” milk cart was implemented due to limited space allocated for formula lab and nutrition rooms. The development of this essential role has ensured optimal quality control of the storage and preparation of expressed human milk. Nursing compliance with breast milk identification procedures increases when time required for feeding preparation is minimized, preventing breast milk administration errors and reallocating valuable nursing time back to the patient.
The Extent of Cluster-Based Policies and the Political/Institutional Context
Authors: Gallardo Roberto , Stich Bethany
Published: June 2013

Regional economic development strategies are becoming increasingly popular with policy makers. Yet the role of government in cluster development and sustainability is not clearly understood. This research attempts to fill the gap between cluster theory and public administration by testing a political/institutional context model. A total of 24 in-depth interviews focusing on the shipbuilding cluster in Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi were completed. Results indicate that the political culture of the region is a major limiting factor for the development of governance structures suitable for cluster-based economic development and upgrading. However, public administration’s network governance theory provides an ideal framework to build governance structures more suitable for cluster-based economic development and upgrading.
Concept design of new grippers using abstraction and analogy
Authors: Fantoni Gualtiero , Gabelloni Donata , Tilli Jacopo
Published: June 2013

Design by analogy is a powerful technique for new design solutions. In the literature, there are two possible approaches. The first is more user-friendly but is low structured. The other is more complex, which structures the problem better but is highly time-consuming. This article presents a simple system for structuring the design-by-analogy method, which is based on the abstraction of the problem. The application of these solutions resulted in an increase in design possibilities. Results were collected in a repository, whose order is based on functional logic. The proposed technique was tested on the conceptual phase in the design of novel grippers. The application resulted in the development of innovative grippers. The process can be extended to many different fields. The method can be used as a creativity support during the design phase, also creating repositories that can be enlarged and reused for different applications.
Time in Perspective
Authors: Gorea Andrei , Hau Janice
Published: June 2013

Perceptions of time and space are subject to strong contextual effects. Like their physical counterparts, they appear to be bound together. The perceived spatial extent of a constant retinal extent increases with its perceived distance from the observer. The perceived duration of a moving object increases with its covered angular trajectory. It follows that the perceived duration of moving objects covering identical angular trajectories should also increase with distance. Using three-dimensionally rendered balls rolling for 600 ms, 900 ms, and 1,200 ms and covering 5.5°, 11°, and 22° trajectories in fronto-parallel planes of a linear-perspective scene, we showed that perceived duration dilates by up to 50% as the fronto-parallel plane of the rolling ball recedes from the observer. Such time dilation is mostly contributed to by the smaller size of the distant ball. As in a three-dimensional world, objects’ sizes and their covered trajectories per time unit decrease with distance, and as the two factors lead to opposite perceived-duration effects, the results suggest a form of time constancy in a three-dimensional world.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS)
Authors: Sharma Parul , Sharma Jyoti
Published: June 2013

The current study contributes to the existing literature by examining the psychometric properties of Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS). Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on the responses of public and private sector employees working in various sectors of service industries of Jammu region (India) using AMOS 16 Software package against the various dimensions of DUWAS. The results provide support for the first-order a priori 3-factor, 20-item DUWAS scale which collectively comprised second order factor called workaholism.
Vital Strategies Discriminating Global and Local Organizations in India
Authors: Rajini G.
Published: June 2013

All organizations need a constant monitoring on the environmental turbulence in order to gain sustained competitive advantage. Particularly the strategies of the organizations have to be reframed to overcome the impact of any change. This article applied multiple discriminant analysis to determine the difference between the strategies of differently owned organizations in India and to determine strategies accounting the most for the differences in the organizations. The results predict that employee relations was the most contributing variable for discrimination followed by implementation of business strategies, training and development, compensation, performance management, HR strategies, perception about HR managers and HR planning. The study contributes to Indian organizations as well as foreign MNCs which operate in India to accommodate multiple constituents’ perception while drafting their future strategic plans.
A Wave of Mergers and Acquisitions: Are Indian Banks Going Up a Blind Alley?
Authors: Kalra Neha , Gupta Shaveta , Bagga Rajesh
Published: June 2013

Mergers and acquisitions are strategic decisions taken for maximization of a company’s growth. But the point of the matter is, how far does the empirical evidence support this notion? An examination of the existing literature suggested no conclusive evidence about the impact of M&A on corporate performance. Therefore, this article investigates the mergers in the Indian Banking industry to find out whether Indian banks have achieved performance efficiency during the post-merger period namely in the areas of profitability, liquidity, shareholders wealth and share price volatility. Basically, two methods are employed to compare pre-post merger performance, of Indian banks from 2000 to 2011. First, paired sample t-test determines the significant differences in financial performance before and after the merger activity, and second, a standard event study approach examines the announcement effect of mergers and acquisitions on share price volatility (event window of 120 days) and the efficiency of the Indian stock market.

An overall assessment (accounting performance measures and stock market reaction) of mergers in Indian banking sector indicates absence of any significant impact on their financial performance. The merger in Indian banks only brings significant improvement in EPS and Market value to book value of equity. The study exposed the fact that the stock prices react significantly to merger announcements in the short period (30 days pre- and post-merger announcement) but not in long period which also indicated that Indian stock market is efficient in the long-run.
Impact of Privatization on Productivity: A Non-Parametric Analysis of Indian Insurance Sector
Authors: Dutta Anirban
Published: June 2013

The insurance sector was opened up for private participation on the ground that the interests of the consumers would be better served if there is competition among the insurers, which will ultimately increase productivity of the sector as a whole. The main objective of this article is to analyze the productivity changes of Indian life and non-life insurance business with the application of non-parametric Malmquist indices. Therefore, this study uses ‘expenses related to labour’ ( x1), ‘expenses related to business service and materials’ ( x2) and ‘total investment’ ( x3) as major three inputs; and following the ‘intermediation approach’ and the ‘value-added approach’, this study uses ‘premiums earned’ ( y1) as the output for risk bearing/risk pooling service following the value-added approach and ‘income from investment’ ( y2) as the intermediation output. From the productivity analysis we found that, during the study period (2005–2006 to 2009–2010) total factor productivity decreased in life insurance business but it increased in case of non-life insurance business with different reason behind the change. We can also conclude in overall factor productivity analysis excluding public sector insurers; though the public sector insurers are significantly older in the market but it has an unfavourable impact on the insurance market in terms of factor productivity and technological progress.
Managing Working Capital Efficiency in Capital Goods Sector in India
Authors: Kaur Harsh Vineet , Singh Sukhdev
Published: June 2013

Efficient management of working capital is an important indicator of sound health of an organization. It means management of various components of working capital in such a way that an adequate amount of working capital is maintained for smooth running of a firm and for fulfillment of twin objectives of liquidity and profitability. The present study aims to examine the efficiency of working capital management practices of 14 companies in capital goods sector (as per BSE 200 companies) from the year 2000–2001 to 2009–2010. The analysis is based on Performance Index, Utilization Index and Efficiency Index of Working Capital Management. The study shows that number of firm’s efficiently managing working capital varies from 35 per cent to 78 per cent over the span of time period under study. The study also proposes to evaluate the ability of individual firms in reaching the target level of efficiency, i.e., average performance of industry. The revelations made by the study if followed are bound to generate increased profits and profitability of leading corporate of India. The study also attempts to study the degree of the relationship between the Efficiency Index and Profitability measured by Income to Current Assets and Income to Average Total Assets.
Kautilya’s Relevance for India Today
Authors: Liebig Michael
Published: June 2013

Strange enough, Kautilya’s Arthashastra, a classic work of political theory and statecraft, has remained on the sidelines of the political science and strategic discourse not only in the West, but even in India itself. How does modern India relate to Kautilya? We investigate first Nehru’s ‘special relationship’ to Kautilya and then turn to the mainly ‘latent presence’ of Kautilyan thought among the political, academic and strategic elites of today’s India—using Bourdieu’s concept of ‘habitus’. We also look into the peculiar constellation of social science schools which has tended to inhibit an active, but critical, engagement with Kautilyan thought. Lastly, we show indications pointing an active ‘re-use’ of endogenous politico-cultural resources—including Kautilya—in India. This trend should be seen in the context of India’s rise in the multipolar world which also entails the need to articulate a soft power stance based on endogenous politico-cultural resources.
Migration and Its Impact on Security of Central Asia
Authors: Mohapatra Nalin Kumar
Published: June 2013

Migration is emerging as an important source of threat to the peace and security of Central Asia. This is happening, notwithstanding the fact that this region is receiving substantial amount of external remittance. Apart from lack of economic opportunities, existence of blurred boundaries, emergence of authoritarian regimes with a tilt towards strong ‘ethnic state’ as well as the alienation of substantial number of population are contributing to the process of flow of illegal migration. This results in loss of young population, growing ethno-nationalistic conflict, spurt in religious terrorism, proliferation of narco-trafficking as well as HIV/AIDS in this region. These above-mentioned threats are generating a lot of ‘insecurity’ in Central Asia. The best way to meet the challenges posed by migration is to ensure ‘sustainable security’ in this region by adopting a broader approach ranging from cooperation among the states of this region so also to ensure human security at the ground level.
A Critical Analysis of the Structural Adjustments and Economic Reform in India
Authors: Basu Dipak , Miroshnik Victoria
Published: June 2013

The analysis of the Indian economy, since the structural reform to dismantle the mixed economic planning and to establish market economy, is presented here with clear analysis regarding growth of the macro economy, the real economy and the social impacts in terms of employment. The picture was quite dismal until the short-term portfolio investments from abroad were introduced a few years ago. The recent upsurge of growth is thus the result of these short-term foreign investments.
Too Close or Too Far Hurts
Authors: Meslec Nicoleta , Curşeu Petru Lucian
Published: June 2013

Groups encounter difficulties in becoming better than their individual members. This study assesses the nature of the relationship between cognitive distance (operationalized as the extent to which the best performing individual is detached from the rest of the group) and two types of group synergy: weak cognitive synergy (collective performance is better than average individual performance) and strong cognitive synergy (collective performance exceeds the performance of the best individual in the group). We hypothesized that the relationship between cognitive distance and group cognitive synergy has an inverted U shape and we test this curvilinear relationship in two studies using judgmental and decision-making tasks. The first study shows that cognitive distance is beneficial for both weak and strong group cognitive synergy up to a point and then it becomes detrimental. A second study replicates the findings only for weak and not for strong synergy in a task that evaluates individual and collective rationality in decision making.
Reconciling Parenting and Smoking in the Context of Child Development
Authors: Bottorff Joan L. , Oliffe John L. , Kelly Mary T. , Johnson Joy L. , Chan Anna
Published: June 2013

In this article we explore the micro-social context of parental tobacco use in the first years of a child’s life and early childhood. We conducted individual interviews with 28 mothers and fathers during the 4 years following the birth of their child. Using grounded theory methods, we identified the predominant explanatory concept in parents’ accounts as the need to reconcile being a parent and smoking. Desires to become smoke-free coexisted with five types of parent–child interactions: (a) protecting the defenseless child, (b) concealing smoking and cigarettes from the mimicking child, (c) reinforcing smoking as bad with the communicative child, (d) making guilt-driven promises to the fearful child, and (e) relinquishing personal responsibility to the autonomous child. We examine the agency of the child in influencing parents’ smoking practices, the importance of children’s observational learning in the early years, and the reciprocal nature of parent–child interactions related to parents’ smoking behavior.