bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnesium Deficiency Causes a Reversible, Metabolic, Diastolic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Liu Man , Liu Hong , Feng Feng , Xie An , Kang Gyeoung‐Jin , Zhao Yang , Hou Cody R. , Zhou Xiaoxu , Dudley Samuel C.
Published: June 2021

Background

Dietary Mg intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing heart failure, whereas low circulating Mg level is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We investigated whether Mg deficiency alone could cause cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

C57BL/6J mice were fed with a low Mg (low‐Mg, 15–30 mg/kg Mg) or a normal Mg (nl‐Mg, 600 mg/kg Mg) diet for 6 weeks. To test reversibility, half of the low‐Mg mice were fed then with nl‐Mg diet for another 6 weeks. Low‐Mg diet significantly decreased mouse serum Mg (0.38±0.03 versus 1.14±0.03 mmol/L for nl‐Mg;
P
<0.0001) with a reciprocal increase in serum Ca, K, and Na. Low‐Mg mice exhibited impaired cardiac relaxation (ratio between mitral peak early filling velocity E and longitudinal tissue velocity of the mitral anterior annulus e, 21.1±1.1 versus 15.4±0.4 for nl‐Mg;
P
=0.011). Cellular ATP was decreased significantly in low‐Mg hearts. The changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction with mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction and membrane depolarization. cMyBPC (cardiac myosin‐binding protein C) was
S
‐glutathionylated in low‐Mg mouse hearts. All these changes were normalized with Mg repletion. In vivo (2‐(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl‐4‐ylamino)‐2‐oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride treatment during low‐Mg diet improved cardiac relaxation, increased ATP levels, and reduced
S
‐glutathionylated cMyBPC.

Conclusions

Mg deficiency caused a reversible diastolic cardiomyopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative modification of cMyBPC. In deficiency states, Mg supplementation may represent a novel treatment for diastolic heart failure.
Early Contributors to Healthy Arterial Aging Versus Premature Atherosclerosis in Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Razavi Alexander C. , Bazzano Lydia A. , He Jiang , Krousel‐Wood Marie , Chen Jing , Fernandez Camilo , Whelton Seamus P. , Kelly Tanika N.
Published: June 2021

Background

Early identification of healthy arterial aging versus premature atherosclerosis is important for optimal atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk stratification and prevention. We sought to identify predictors for the long‐term absence of carotid plaque among young adults.

Methods and Results

We included 508 participants from the Bogalusa Heart Study without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease who were free of carotid plaque at baseline (2001–2002) and underwent ultrasound imaging at follow‐up (2013–2016). Modified Poisson regression estimated the persistent absence of plaque over 12.8 years. Participants were on average age 36.2 years at baseline, 64% were women, and 29% were Black. Although nearly all participants (97%) had a 10‐year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk <7.5%, there were 162 people (32%) who developed premature atherosclerosis. Aside from younger age (risk ratio [RR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.07–1.36, per 10 years) and a total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio <3.5 (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01–1.30), normal values of traditional risk factors did not predict long‐term absence of plaque. Independent from traditional markers including glomerular filtration rate, serum calcium‐phosphate product (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.14, per 1‐SD lower), phosphate (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03–1.29, per 1 mg/dL lower), and dietary sodium <2300 mg/day (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02–1.41) were significantly associated with the non‐development of plaque.

Conclusions

Nearly one third of young adults with a low burden of traditional risk factors developed premature atherosclerosis. Beyond younger age and an ideal lipoprotein profile, lower calcium‐phosphate homeostasis and low sodium intake were associated with long‐term absence of carotid plaque. These results suggest that dietary and intrinsic minerals are early contributors to the development of arterial aging phenotypes.
Exercise‐Based Cardiac Rehabilitation and All‐Cause Mortality Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Buckley Benjamin J. R. , Harrison Stephanie L. , Fazio‐Eynullayeva Elnara , Underhill Paula , Lane Deirdre A. , Thijssen Dick H. J. , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: June 2021

Background

There is limited evidence of long‐term impact of exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on clinical end points for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We therefore compared 18‐month all‐cause mortality, hospitalization, stroke, and heart failure in patients with AF and an electronic medical record of exercise‐based CR to matched controls.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study included patient data obtained on February 3, 2021 from a global federated health research network. Patients with AF undergoing exercise‐based CR were propensity‐score matched to patients with AF without exercise‐based CR by age, sex, race, comorbidities, cardiovascular procedures, and cardiovascular medication. We ascertained 18‐month incidence of all‐cause mortality, hospitalization, stroke, and heart failure. Of 1 366 422 patients with AF, 11 947 patients had an electronic medical record of exercise‐based CR within 6‐months of incident AF who were propensity‐score matched with 11 947 patients with AF without CR. Exercise‐based CR was associated with 68% lower odds of all‐cause mortality (odds ratio, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.29–0.35), 44% lower odds of rehospitalization (0.56; 95% CI, 0.53–0.59), and 16% lower odds of incident stroke (0.84; 95% CI, 0.72–0.99) compared with propensity‐score matched controls. No significant associations were shown for incident heart failure (0.93; 95% CI, 0.84–1.04). The beneficial association of exercise‐based CR on all‐cause mortality was independent of sex, older age, comorbidities, and AF subtype.

Conclusions

Exercise‐based CR among patients with incident AF was associated with lower odds of all‐cause mortality, rehospitalization, and incident stroke at 18‐month follow‐up, supporting the provision of exercise‐based CR for patients with AF.
Contemporary Metaphor Studies and Classical Texts
Authors: Novokhatko Anna A.
Published: June 2021

This article reviews recent studies on metaphor theories applied to the classical corpus and argues that approaches from cognitive linguistics are essential for the re-interpretation of Greek and Latin texts. Its main focus are two monographs, Andreas T. Zanker’s Metaphor in Homer and Tommaso Gazzarri’s Theory and Practice of Metaphors in Seneca’s Prose. The volume of collected papers on spatial metaphors in ancient texts edited by Fabian Horn and Ciliers Breytenbach proposes that the Lakoff-Johnson approach to cognitive metaphor is productive and that mappings from empirically accessible domains construct abstract concepts in spatial models of mental activity.
The Hanoi Reprint of the Precious Scroll of Incense Mountain (1772) and the Printing of Buddhist Works in Northern Vietnam at the End of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Nguyễn Tô Lan , Berezkin Rostislav
Published: June 2021

The Precious Scroll of Incense Mountain is a popular Buddhist narrative in prosimetric form that was transmitted to Vietnam from China and reprinted in Hanoi with imperial sanction in 1772. The historical background of the Hanoi reprint demonstrates that this text had much higher status in Vietnam than in China. In Vietnam it was regarded as an authoritative Buddhist scripture. The case of the reprint of the Precious Scroll of Incense Mountain reveals the role of Buddhist monasteries as centers of woodblock printing in Vietnam, which still remains understudied in current research. The growth of printing of Buddhist works, which enjoyed the support of the court and officials in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, testifies to the popularity of Buddhism among the ruling elite during the Later Lê dynasty, when Confucianism was proclaimed the official ideology of the state.
Sandfontein: An Operational Re-examination of the Battle, Contextualised within General J.C. Smuts’ First Phase of the German South West African Campaign 1914
Authors: Katz David Brock
Published: June 2021

The battle of Sandfontein November 26, 1914 marked the fledgeling Union Defence Force’s first defeat. Historians have used this long-forgotten battle as a lens to view the divisive political and military aspects of the Union’s early history. Unfortunately, some of their scholarship has passed through a distorted lens. Official histories were the first to obfuscate military and leadership shortcomings and interfere with the operational context surrounding Sandfontein. Theirs was for political reasons—a mission to protect delicate reputations and mollify a divided population. Historians have erroneously assumed that General J.C. Smuts’ initial plan for the invasion of German South West Africa 1914 was modified to exclude Walvis Bay/Swakopmund’s occupation. Instead, delays in occupying Walvis Bay/Swakopmund placed theUDF’s forces at Lüderitzbucht in a precarious position. Sandfontein, a desperate attempt to distract theSchutztruppe, was an operational failure, rather than the tacticalfaux pasportrayed by historians.
When Knowledge Work and Analytical Technologies Collide: The Practices and Consequences of Black Boxing Algorithmic Technologies
Authors: Anthony Callen
Published: June 2021

Analytical technologies that structure and process data hold great promise for organizations but also may pose fundamental challenges for how knowledge workers accomplish tasks. Knowledge workers are generally considered experts who develop deep understanding of their tools, but recent observations suggest that in some situations, they may black box their analytical technologies, meaning they trust their tools without understanding how they work. I conducted a two-year inductive ethnographic study of the use of analytical technologies across four groups in an investment bank and found two distinct paths that these groups used to validate financial analyses through what I call “validating practices”: actions that confirm whether a produced analysis is trustworthy. Surprisingly, engaging in these practices does not necessarily equate to understanding the calculations performed by the technologies. In one path, validating practices are partitioned across junior and senior roles: junior bankers engage in assembling tasks and use the analytical tools to perform analysis, while only senior bankers interpret the analysis. In the other path, junior and senior members engage in co-construction: junior bankers do both assembling and interpreting tasks, and senior bankers engage in interpreting and provide feedback on junior bankers’ reasoning and choices. Both junior and senior bankers in the partitioning groups routinely black boxed the algorithms embedded in their technologies, taking them for granted without understanding them. By contrast, bankers in the co-construction groups were conscious of the algorithms and understood their potential impact. I found that black boxing influenced the knowledge outputs of these bankers and constrained the development of junior members’ expertise, with consequences for their career trajectories.
Political Action, Protest, and the Functioning of Democratic Governance
Authors: Dalton Russell J.
Published: June 2021

The current debate on the vitality of affluent democracies often cites the changing patterns of citizens’ political participation as signs of this malaise. Fewer citizens are voting, and more are turning toward contentious and more direct forms of participation. What are the consequences? I describe the participation patterns in affluent democracies and then consider whether these changes in citizen participation are linked to the quality of democratic performance. Some scholars see a more assertive public as overloading the political system or destroying collective views of politics. Others see contentious politics as giving citizens an additional and more effective method of influencing policymakers. The evidence on citizen participation comes from two waves of the International Social Survey Program. Measures of the functioning of government come from the Economist Intelligence Unit and the World Bank. The analyses show that a more active public is correlated with a better functioning government. Moreover, these relationships are stronger for protest and other forms of direct action than for voting in national elections. The results suggest that an assertive and elite-challenging public is more of a boon than a curse for democratic politics.
Multilevel Analysis of Protest: Application for Small N Designs
Authors: Vráblíková Kateřina
Published: June 2021

Protest is the result of complex multilevel processes. It is triggered by contextual factors such as political opportunities or events, it depends on organizations’ mobilizing capacity as well as on the type of people who protest, and it is shaped by the characteristics of the populations they come from. To effectively study the antecedents that operate at various levels, social movement research needs to integrate data from multiple analytical levels and systematically examine the relationships across the various levels. While large N statistical techniques of multilevel modelling are well understood, less is known about applying multilevel analysis research examining small number of cases. The article develops conceptual and methodological tools for multilevel analysis of protests in studies with a small number of cases. First, it demonstrates the empirical requirements associated with analyzing three types of multilevel effects: contextual effects, composition effects, and cross-level interactions. Next, specific multilevel small N designs that can be used to examine the three multilevel effects are presented. The last section uses the multilevel approach to examine the demobilization of anti-Iraq War protests in the United States.
The Puzzle of Protest Policing Over Time: Historicizing Repression Research Using Temporal Moving Regressions
Authors: Reynolds-Stenson Heidi , Earl Jennifer
Published: June 2021

Research attempting to predict repression, including the policing of protest, has tended to rely on pooled time series data, which statistically produces coefficients that estimate the average relationship between each variable and the outcome across the entire pooled time period. When relationships are very stable, this statistical assumption, referred to as temporal homogeneity, is unproblematic. But, when enforced without testing, it threatens to artificially “stabilize” temporally heterogenous relationships. In terms of protest policing, this has resulted in relatively ahistorical empirical explanations of protest policing. This article imports modeling techniques from work on identifying historical periods to show how temporal moving regressions can be built to recognize and model temporal heterogeneity in the factors influencing protest policing. We present three important uses for these models: testing exhaustively for temporal heterogeneity in apparently stable findings; testing for temporal heterogeneity that may reconcile otherwise contradictory findings; and inductively combining orthogonal research lines. We demonstrate the utility of each in examinations of protest policing. More generally, we show the potential of temporal moving regressions for uncovering new insights and bringing greater historical sensitivity to research on protest and beyond.
Integrating the concept of cultural intelligence into health education and health promotion
Authors: Luquis Raffy R
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Since the 1990s, cultural competence and cultural humility have been advanced across health disciplines, including health education and promotion, as approaches to use to address the health needs of increasingly diverse populations, reduce persistent health disparities and promote health and health equity. While these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, each of them represents a different approach when working across cultural groups. Health professionals, including health education specialists, may also find it helpful to employ cultural intelligence when working with diverse populations. The purpose of this article is to briefly define cultural competence and cultural humility and describe how cultural intelligence can provide health education specialists with another tool when working with diverse groups.

Design:

Review of the literature.

Setting:

USA and related contexts.

Results:

While cultural intelligence shares some similarities with previous terms, it differs in drawing from intelligence research and emphasises an understanding of different cultures, problem-solving and adaptations in numerous cultural settings.

Conclusion:

This article defines cultural intelligence as an essential capability to learn and use when engaging with diverse cultural groups and working in cross-cultural settings.
Use of generic social services and social integration of patients with a severe mental illness in Belgium: Individual and services network determinants
Authors: Grard Adeline , Nicaise Pablo , Smith Pierre , Lorant Vincent
Published: June 2021

Background:

Patients with severe mental illnesses (SMI) have low levels of social integration, which could be improved if they used social services. To our knowledge, however, the extent to which they use generic social services remains unknown.

Aims:

We assessed the extent to which patients with SMI use generic social services and the factors that may drive that usage.

Method:

In 2014, we carried out a multi-setting clustered survey of patients with severe mental disorders ( n = 1,019, participation rate = 71%) and of services ( n = 517, participation rate = 53%) in 19 networks of services, covering most of Belgium. On the one hand, we asked patients, amongst other, about their health condition, their social integration in the community, and their use of social services of different types. On the other hand, we asked each service to report on its relationships with other services in the services networks.

Results:

On average, patients’ use of generic social services within the previous 6 months was low (6%–16%), with the exception of administrative services. There were few differences in usage according to the severity of patients’ symptoms, but some differences according to gender and age were observed. Social integration was improved when generic social services were more central in the networks.

Conclusions:

We suggest that generic social services should be more central in mental health services networks.
Online digital storytelling video on promoting men’s intentions to seek counselling for depression: The role of empathy
Authors: Keum Brian TaeHyuk , Hearns Maynard , Agarwal Pritha , Nguyen Mary
Published: June 2021

Background:

Applying the narrative transportation theory, we sought to test the role of a male-sensitive digital storytelling video as a source to persuade men to develop greater intentions to seek counselling based on their empathic reactions to the storyteller.

Methods:

Using a post-test only design, a total of 247 diverse adult men ( M = 35.86, SD = 12.75) were randomly assigned to either the brochure or video condition and subsequently reported on their state empathy, perceived persuasiveness, and intentions to seek counselling. Controlling for previous counselling experience, a three-way interaction analysis was conducted to assess the significance of the relationship between persuasiveness and intentions to seek counselling across the two conditions, and whether empathy moderated this association in each condition.

Results:

For men who viewed the brochure, greater persuasiveness was linked to lower intentions to seek counselling at all levels of empathy; although, at high empathy, the relationship was not significant. A similar trend was observed for men who viewed the video at low and mean empathy levels. However, for men who reported high empathy after viewing the video, greater persuasiveness was significantly linked to greater intentions to seek counselling.

Conclusion:

Empathy may play a viable role in promoting intentions to seek counselling among men who view persuasive digital storytelling content on depression. However, more research needs to be conducted on the conditions that make it favourable for men to have empathic reactions to the contents. Implications for research and the potential for intervention are discussed.
When Inclusivity Means Playing Safe: Ideological Discourses and Representations in English Testing Materials
Authors: Selvi Ali Fuad , Saracoğlu Elif , Çalışkan Eray
Published: June 2021

Over the years, we have been witnessing the burgeoning of interdisciplinary interest in the use of ideological discourses and enactment of representations through linguistic and semiotic choices in positioning, (re)constructing and expressing identities. In this picture, there is an evident paucity of research investigating the kinds of representations (e.g. discourses of identity and the notions of inclusivity and exclusivity) in domains other than academic writing and instructional materials (e.g. second language testing materials). Responding to this need, the current study investigates the representations of ideologies and discourses in the Yabancı Dil Sınavı (Foreign Language Exam, abbreviated as YDS) developed and administered by the Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi (The Measuring, Selection, and Placement Centre, abbreviated as ÖSYM) in Turkey. The data set used in this study consists of a total of 880 multiple-choice questions that appeared in 11 YDS tests administered between 2014 and 2018. The analysis of our data set helped us acknowledge the complex and multi-layered nature of ideological discourses and representations of inclusivity/exclusivity embedded in language constructions and choices (the first-person plural pronoun we) and their manifestations (referents). Even though surface-level analyses indicated a seemingly artificial sense of inclusivity, deeper-level analyses portrayed a ‘safe zone’ demarcated by conceptual decisions (emotional topic effect) broader policy implications (tests as sociocultural artifacts). In conclusion, the findings indicated that informed by the ongoing sociocultural and sociopolitical context, the test and examination bodies (e.g. ÖSYM) have a defining role in establishing a local culture of testing.
Pharmacist Rethink through a Planetary Health Lens
Authors: Maharaj Sandeep , Moonilal Mala , Jankie Satish , Dookeram Darren
Published: June 2021

Planetary Health is a rapidly developing field that is gaining momentum and significance as the world grapples with the devastating effects of infectious diseases, climate change, biodiversity loss, complex food insecurities, and international competition for resources. These challenges are often attributable to the financial activity made by nation states and increasing disposable individual wealth. The outcomes have created a perfect storm of events that, if not managed properly, threatens the health of current and future generations. Given the front-line role pharmacists play within health system in the community and institutional levels, the profession is uniquely positioned to make a meaningful impact to planetary health. This article aims to explore contributions pharmacists can make to secure planetary health.
Community Health Centers Maintained Initial Increases in Medicaid Covered Adult Patients at 5-Years Post-Medicaid-Expansion
Authors: Goldstein Evan V.
Published: June 2021

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion created new financial opportunities for community health centers (CHCs) providing primary care in medically-underserved communities. However, beyond evidence of initial policy effects, little is understood in the scholarly literature about whether the ACA Medicaid expansion affected longer-lasting changes in CHC patient insurance mix. This study’s objective was to examine whether the ACA Medicaid expansion was associated with lasting increases in the annual percentage of adult CHC patients covered by Medicaid and decreases in the annual percentage of uninsured adult CHC patients at expansion-state CHCs, compared to non-expansion-state CHCs. This observational study examined 5353 CHC-year observations from 2012 to 2018 using Uniform Data System data and other national data sources. Using a 2-way fixed-effects multivariable regression approach and marginal analysis, intermediate-term policy effects of the Medicaid expansion on annual CHC patient coverage outcomes were estimated. By 5-years post-expansion, the Medicaid expansion was associated with an overall average increase of 11.7 percentage points in the percentage of adult patients with Medicaid coverage at expansion-state CHCs, compared to non-expansion-state CHCs. Among expansion-state CHCs, 39.8% of adult patients were predicted to have Medicaid coverage 5-years post-expansion, compared to 19.0% of non-expansion-state adult CHC patients. A state’s decision to expand Medicaid was similarly associated with decreases in the annual percentage of uninsured adult CHC patients. Primary care operations at CHCs critically depend on patient Medicaid revenue. These findings suggest the ACA Medicaid expansion may provide longer-term financial security for expansion-state CHCs, which maintain increases in Medicaid-covered adult patients even 5-years post-expansion. However, these financial securities may be jeopardized should the ACA be ruled unconstitutional in 2021, a year after CHCs experienced new uncertainties caused by COVID-19.
Brighton Fair: The Life, Death, and Legacy of an Animal Suburb
Authors: Robichaud Andrew
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the development and legacy of nineteenth-century “animal suburbs,” focusing on Boston and Brighton, Massachusetts. As domesticated animals were pushed from downtowns—and as large-scale animal industries emerged in the 1800s—urban areas grappled with what to do with livestock populations for urban consumers and markets. Animal suburbs like Brighton marked important developmental forms—marking key changes in human-animal relationships, and also in urban development, law, politics, and environmental change. These animal suburbs had distinctive built environments, ecologies, economies, and social landscapes that shaped development in the nineteenth century and in the many decades that followed. This paper explores the life and death of one animal suburb—Brighton—and shows the centrality of these marginal spaces in explaining why parts of American cities look the way they do today, while also providing insight into developments of nineteenth-century law, political development, and capitalism.
Mental Health, Behavior Change Skills, and Eating Behaviors in Postpartum Women
Authors: Yu Yang , Ma Qianheng , Fernandez Isabel Diana , Groth Susan W
Published: June 2021

Excessive postpartum weight retention conveys risks for future metabolic diseases. Eating behaviors influence postpartum weight retention; however, the modifiable predictors of eating behaviors remain unclear. Using data from a three-arm, randomized controlled trial, the purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations of mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms) and behavior change skills (e.g., self-efficacy) with eating behaviors (i.e., compensatory restraint, routine restraint, emotional eating, and external eating) among women (N = 424) over 18-months postpartum. Results revealed that depressive symptoms, perceived stress, healthy eating self-efficacy, overeating self-efficacy, self-weighing, and problem-solving confidence were associated with one or more of the examined eating behaviors. Furthermore, depressive symptoms moderated the association between healthy eating self-efficacy and routine restraint. Perceived stress moderated the associations between healthy eating/overeating self-efficacy and emotional eating. The findings suggest that mental health and behavior change skills may serve as targets for interventions designed to improve postpartum women’s eating behaviors.

Clinical trials registry:ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT01331564
Chunking in tonal contexts: Information compression during serial recall of visually presented musical notes
Authors: Lörch Lucas
Published: June 2021

Chunking is defined as information compression by means of encoding meaningful units. To advance the understanding of chunking in musical memory, the present study tested characteristics of melodic sequences that might enable a parsimonious memory representation, namely, the presence of a clear tonal context and of melodic cells with clear labels. Musical note symbols, which formed either triads (Experiment 1) or cadences (Experiment 2), were presented visually and sequentially to musically experienced participants for immediate serial recall. The melodic sequences were varied on the within-participant factors list length (long vs. short list) and tonal structure (chunking-supportive vs. chunking-obstructive). Chunking-supportive sequences contained tones from a single diatonic key that formed melodic cells with a clear label, such as “C major triad”. Transitional errors showed that participants grouped notes into melodic cells. Mixed logistic regression modeling revealed that recall was more accurate in chunking-supportive sequences and that this advantage was more pronounced for more experienced participants in the long list length condition of Experiment 2. The findings suggest that a clear tonal context and melodic cells with clear labels benefit chunking in melodic processing, but that the subtleties of the process are additionally influenced by type, size, and number of melodic cells.
Remote home visits: Exploring the concept and applications of remote home visits within health and social care settings
Authors: Jones Natalie Louise , Read Jennifer , Field Becky , Fegan Colette , Simpson Emma , Revitt Claire , Lanfranchi Vita , Ciranvenga Fabio
Published: June 2021

Introduction

This study consulted intended users and adopters of technology about a remote home visit application called Virtual Visit Approach. Participants were shown a video of a ‘mock’ remote home visit and asked to discuss the potential benefits, barriers and uses they could envisage.

Methods

Purposive sampling brought together stakeholders, patients and public representatives to capture thoughts, feelings and views in co-design workshops. Primary qualitative data were collected in real time. Post workshop, they were analysed and categorised into key themes and subthemes.

Findings

The opportunity to conduct remote home visits was regarded as a positive adjunct to usual practice. However, concerns about the quality of remote assessments were expressed by participants in the workshops.

Conclusion

The NHS response to COVID-19 sparked a national roll out of the use of video conferencing technology. The opportunity to access technology to conduct remote visits and consultations, has instigated a seismic change in the way healthcare is delivered now and for the future. However, there is much we do not yet know about the impact on the intended adopters and users of remote visits and consultations. This study demonstrated the importance of involving intended adopters and users in the co-design of technology to explore potential benefits, barriers and uses providing valuable insights to inform future design and development.
The Indonesian sociocultural contexts related to daily occupations of children with cancer during hospitalisation: The parents’ perspective
Authors: Buwana Cahya , Ito Yuko , Brintnell E Sharon
Published: June 2021

Background

The sociocultural phenomenon affecting daily occupations of hospitalised children with cancer in a diverse country like Indonesia is thought-provoking and requires exploration.

Objective

This study aims to explore the sociocultural contexts related to daily occupations of children with cancer during hospital admittance from the parents' perspective.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of children with cancer who had been hospitalised for two weeks or more. The data were collected at the paediatric ward of “Dharmais” National Cancer Center Hospital, Jakarta. The study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).

Results

Nine parents of children with cancer consented to the study. Three interconnected themes emerged as necessary to the sociocultural context among participants. These involve ‘The surrounding human environment as primary encouragement’, ‘Culture and spirituality as the basic standard’ and ‘Activity adjustments as new habits’.

Conclusions

The themes revealed that the daily occupations of hospitalised children with cancer are strongly encouraged by family and social systems in Indonesia, spiritual aspects of the parents and the occupational changes due to the new settings.
Exploring the process of health in mothers of children with cerebral palsy: Changing “clinical reasoning”
Authors: Dehghan Leila , Dalvand Hamid , Hadian Rasanani Mohammad Reza , Kelly Greg
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The issue of the health status of mothers of children with disability is one that is beginning to be addressed more fully. This study aimed to explore the process of health in mothers during caregiving of children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

A qualitative research method with a grounded theory approach was used, including purposive and theoretical sampling. A constant comparative analysis method was adopted, and data were gathered from 15 mothers with CP children through interviews.

Results

The results were grouped into six main categories: Self-neglecting of their health, facing challenges in caring their children, physical and psychosocial damages, perceiving threat of health problems from concern to action, trying to regain their health, and caring in a complex context. “Facing challenges in caring” was extracted as a core concept.

Conclusion

Results showed an urgent need to establish family-centered services in clinical settings and change the “way of thinking” of the health provider system.
Peer Review: The Volpe/Federal Highway Administration National Vehicle Miles Traveled Forecasting Models
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey , Vadali Sharada , Lawrence Michael F. , Dave Shikha , Clark Clayton
Published: June 2021

This paper describes the findings of an independent peer review of the modeling tools used by the Volpe National Transportation Systems Center to forecast national vehicle miles traveled (VMT) over the next 30 years. Overall, the VMT forecasting models, which use autoregressive distributed lag models for light-duty vehicle, single-unit truck, and combination truck VMT, work well to estimate travel demand. All model estimations were reviewed, and all models perform well against several validation and testing techniques. The study team was supported by an expert panel selected from academia, government, and industry with experience in econometric methods, transportation and economic data, and modeling methods. The panel reviewed model documentation as well as the report assessing the VMT forecasting models and provided insight into alternative model research. The paper is an effort to synthesize the approaches and the validation methods used. A complementary literature search was also conducted to test the validity and comparability of several estimated variable coefficients. The paper concludes by summarizing the key findings and making recommendations on future model improvements.
Experimental Study on the Relationship between Fatigue and Unsafe Behavior of Urban Rail Transit Drivers
Authors: You Xing-da , Zhu Lin , Liu Zhi-gang , Huang Yuan-chun
Published: June 2021

In recent years there has been rapid development of urban rail transit in China. The train driver, as the direct controller of the train, plays an important role in subway operation, and their driving performance directly determines whether the train is safe or not. To explore the relationship between fatigue and unsafe behavior, a simulated driving experiment was designed to record the train driver’s behavior under fatigue and normal state. The changes of operation accuracy and timeliness are used in combination to reflect the train driver’s unsafe behavior. The results show that when the train driver is in a state of fatigue, their operation accuracy is 126% lower than in the normal state. In the operation timeliness index, the time required for the train driver to react and complete the action is 28.13% and 17.7% longer than that in the normal state. It is concluded that fatigued driving can easily lead to unsafe behavior which then leads to potential safety accidents.
Competing in the Planning Marketplace: An Analysis of Qualifications Demanded by Municipal Planning Recruiters
Authors: Guyadeen Dave , Henstra Daniel
Published: June 2021

This study sought to understand the knowledge, skills, qualities, and tasks that municipal employers expect from planners and to assess how well they align with those identified as important by academic scholars and accreditation bodies. Through a content analysis of 150 municipal planning employment advertisements collected from across Canada, the study identified the planning-relevant qualifications demanded by municipal governments. The analysis revealed that the municipal planning sector prefers prospective employees with a planning degree, the skills demanded by municipalities generally align with the competencies identified by the Canadian Institute of Planners, and municipalities mainly target well-rounded planners.
Superwoman, Racial Identity, and Teen Dating Violence Victimization among Young Black Women
Authors: Debnam Katrina J. , Milam Adam J. , Finigan-Carr Nadine
Published: June 2021

Young Black women consistently report the highest rates of teen dating violence (TDV) in the United States. They are also navigating a world in which they are facing historical marginalization and intersectional oppression. The Superwoman stereotypic role, in which Black women showcase strength and resist vulnerability, is often adapted in reaction to this normalized existence. Yet little research has examined how these constructs are related. In addition, research suggests that a positive racial identity may function as a psychological buffer against society’s negative view of Black Americans and reduce involvement in violence. The current study examined the relationship between endorsement of a Superwoman role and TDV victimization among young Black women. A total of 481 Black women, aged 18–19, completed online survey measures assessing their racial identity beliefs, endorsement of racial stereotypes, and TDV experiences. The results of the path models showed that endorsement of a Superwoman role was associated with increased TDV victimization. Results also showed that racial centrality was inversely associated with TDV; the more the young women felt that being Black was a central part of their identity, the less they reported victimization. Findings suggest a need for attention to stereotype development and racial identity in the development of healthy romantic relationships for Black youth.
Brokers in the tea trade between China and West Africa
Authors: Röschenthaler Ute
Published: June 2021

Brokers have played important roles in the trade of green tea between China and Mali, from the 19th century when tea first came to Mali up to the present. They mediate between tea buyers and sellers, work on their own account, use soft skills, knowledge and networks and make a living from the commission they gain. This article examines the work of brokers in the tea trade, the social constellations in which they are active and the scope of their activity. Based on extensive field research in Mali and China, this article shows how brokers create their own jobs in a dynamic business landscape, which is often delimited by governmental policies, competing entrepreneurial activities and social movements.
The impact of physical restriction measures imposed during the two waves of COVID-19 on chlamydia and gonorrhea diagnoses in Belgium. Results of an sexually transmitted infection clinic
Authors: De Baetselier Irith , Apers Ludwig , Platteau Tom , Buyze Jozefien , Florence Eric , Kenyon Chris , Van den Bossche Dorien ,   for the NRC-STI research group
Published: June 2021

Background: During the first two waves of COVID-19, several physical restriction measurements were imposed in Belgium. Our aim was to explore the impact of these restriction measures on the number of tests and positivity rate of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) /Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) before, during, and after the two lockdowns in Belgium. Methods: Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae molecular data of a Belgian STI clinic were extracted for 2019 and 2020, and both years were divided into four periods (pre-lockdown 1, lockdown 1, after lockdown 1, and lockdown 2). Weekly testing rates and positivity rate for both STIs were estimated, and mixed-effects logistic regression was used to explore statistical significant changes between both years, and the different periods were compared with the corresponding time period in 2019. The same analysis was done for pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP) users only. Results: No overall significant changes in positivity rate were found for either CT (8.0% in 2019 and 7.8% in 2020) or NG (4.5% in 2019 and 5.5% in 2020). Besides a significant drop in the number of CT/NG tests during lockdown 1 (decrease of 87%) and a subsequent increase in NG positivity rate ( p > 0.05), no changes in CT/NG positivity rate were found in the other periods. The highest positivity rate for either CT or NG was found in lockdown 2 (15.1% vs 12.4% in 2019). The number of CT/NG tests in lockdown 2 was still 25% lower than 2019 levels. Subanalysis of only PrEP users revealed the same trend; however, the number of CT/NG tests in lockdown 2 was exactly the same as in 2019. Conclusion: Despite a significant decline in absolute CT or NG cases in lockdown 1, which was most likely a consequence of both physical distancing and reduced testing, CT/NG testing and positivity rates returned to pre-corona levels in lockdown 2, which may depict physical distancing fatigue.
Holocene hydroclimate reconstruction based on pollen, XRF, and grain-size analyses and its implications for past societies of the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Park Jinheum , Park Jungjae , Yi Sangheon , Lim Jaesoo , Kim Jin Cheul , Jin Qiuhong , Choi Jieun
Published: June 2021

The dynamics of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) and their link to past societies during the Holocene are topics of growing interest. In this study, we present results of pollen, geochemistry, and grain-size analyses from the STP18-03 core sampled from Miryang in the Korean Peninsula, which spans ca. 8.3–2.3 ka BP. In-phase relationships of these proxies revealed an imprint of the Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) during the early to mid-Holocene and subsequent drying toward the late-Holocene in accordance with decreasing solar insolation. At centennial timescales, our study indicates drier climate during ca. 7.5–7.1, 6.4–6.0, and 4.8–3.6 ka BP. Notably, our finding for ca. 6.4–6.0 ka BP contributes further evidence of a drying event in the Korean Peninsula during this period. We suggest that the Pacific Ocean played a role in the underlying mechanism of hydroclimate change in the region. A strong Kuroshio Current (KC) and long-term El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-like variability in the Western Tropical Pacific (WTP) were closely linked to the influence of the EASM over the Korean Peninsula. In particular, dry phases during ca. 4.8–3.6 and 2.8–2.3 ka BP, which were synchronous with a more active ENSO, closely corresponded to lower population levels indicated by a summed probability distribution (SPD) of archaeological records previously assembled in the Korean Peninsula. This finding implies that past human societies of Korea were highly vulnerable to climate deterioration caused by precipitation deficits.
Temporal comparisons, historical semantics of interaction and ‘post-war consensus’ in British Parliament: Studying time references in a deliberative environment
Authors: Postoutenko Kirill , Sabelfeld Olga
Published: June 2021

This article aims to demonstrate that the transition from the mainstream narrative to the interactional history of concepts promises tangible benefits for scholars of social time in general and temporal comparisons in particular. It is shown that the traditionally close alignment of narration with the production of historical consciousness at various levels hinders the study of time as a semantic variable perpetually contested, amended and upheld across society. Alternatively, the references to time made in public settings, allowing for more or less instant reactions (turn-taking) as well as expression of dissenting opinions (stance-taking), offer a much more representative palette of temporal semantics and pragmatics in a given sociopolitical environment. In a particularly intriguing case, the essentially deliberative venue where contestation is supported by both institutional arrangements and political reasons (British House of Commons) is put to test under circumstances commonly known as ‘the post-war consensus’ – the unspoken convention directing opposing political parties to suspend stance-taking regarding the past actions of the government during WWII, its immediate aftermath and its future prospects. As a reliable indicator of this arrangement, the contestation of temporal comparisons between relevant pasts and futures is tested in oppositions reflecting party allegiances (Conservatives vs. Labour vs. Liberals) and executive functions (government vs. opposition) between 1946 and 1952. It is shown that, notwithstanding the prevalence of non-contested statements aimed at preserving interactional coherence and pragmatic functionality of the setting, the moderately active contestation of the adversary’s temporal comparisons in the House of Commons at that time helped all parties, albeit to a different degree, to shape their own political and institutional roles as well as to delegitimize their respective adversaries.
Online Shopping for Sporting Goods: The Role of Flow, E-Satisfaction, and E-Loyalty
Authors: Mohammadi Sardar , Dickson Geoff
Published: June 2021

Websites are a highly effective instrument for marketing and purchasing sporting goods. The purpose of this article is to propose and test a model of hedonism, perceived ease use and perceived usefulness, website quality, flow experience, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty. Data were collected from users of the largest online sporting goods retailer in Iran. Participants completed a seven-item scale for e-loyalty ( Gremler & Brown, 1996 ), three-item scale for e-satisfaction ( Janda et al., 2002 ); four-item scale for flow ( O’Cass & Carlson, 2010 ), five-item scale for website quality ( Hur et al., 2011 ), four-item scales for both perceived ease use and perceived usefulness ( Venkatesh & Davis, 1996 ) and four-item scale for hedonism ( Mohammadi & Isanejad, 2018 ). The results of structural equation model show that user beliefs and website quality have a positive effect on the flow experience. Hedonism also affected e-satisfaction and e-loyalty. Although the findings have shown meaningful relationships, there are other influential factors such as skill/challenge, perceived playfulness and interactivity that may play a fundamental role in the flow experience and thus satisfaction and loyalty.