bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression: Reactive–Proactive (A-SHARP)
Authors: Matlock Scott Thomas , Aman Michael G
Published: March 2011

In this study, the authors developed the Adult Scale of Hostility and Aggression Reactive–Proactive (A-SHARP). Sixty-one caregivers rated 512 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities on the A-SHARP. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 factors on the Problem Scale: (a) Verbal Aggression, (b) Physical Aggression, (c) Hostile Affect, (d) Covert Aggression, and (e) Bullying. Internal consistency was high, and intercorrelation of subscales suggested logical convergent and divergent validity. Separate scores were also derived for the Provocation Scale, which was developed to reflect motivation for the aggression (reactive vs. proactive). Analyses of demographic variables revealed 1 gender effect, several effects due to age and functional level, and no effect of ethnicity. Normative data are provided for the Problem Scale.
Daytime Sleep Patterns in Preschool Children With Autism, Developmental Delay, and Typical Development
Authors: Schwichtenberg A. J , Iosif Ana-Maria , Goodlin-Jones Beth , Tang Karen , Anders Thomas
Published: March 2011

The present study examined daytime sleep patterns in 3 groups of preschool-aged children: children with autism, children with developmental delay, and children who were developing typically. Sleep was assessed in 194 children via actigraphy and parent-report sleep diaries for 7 consecutive days on 3 separate occasions over 6 months. Children with autism napped less often and for shorter periods of time than children with developmental disability, with whom they were matched on chronologic age. Children with developmental disabilities napped more like children in the typically developing group, who were, on average, 6 months younger. Each group displayed an expected shift in daytime sleep as more children matured out of their naps.
Role of Verbal Memory in Reading Text Comprehension of Individuals With Down Syndrome
Authors: Levorato Maria Chiara , Roch Maja , Florit Elena
Published: March 2011

This study analyzed the relationship between verbal memory and reading text comprehension in individuals with Down syndrome. The hypothesis that verbal memory provides unique contribution to reading text comprehension after controlling for verbal skills was tested. Twenty-three individuals with Down syndrome (ages 11 years, 2 months–18 years, 1 month) were matched on reading text comprehension, which was the primary variable of interest, with 23 typically developing children (ages 6 years, 2 months–7 years, 1 month). The two groups were compared on verbal skills and verbal memory. The results showed that working memory (concurrent storage and processing functions), but not short-term memory, predicted unique variance in reading text comprehension, after the verbal skills were controlled for. No group differences emerged in the relationship between verbal memory and reading text comprehension.
Circulating steroid hormones in prostate carcinogenesis. Part 2: Estrogens
Authors: Fiet Jean , Giton Frank
Published: March 2011

The aim of this review is to describe the associations between circulating plasma estrogens and prostate cancer (PCa). We recall the origins of estrogens, which derive from the aromatization of androgens, but also by sulfatase hydrolysis of estrone sulfate (E1-S), the main circulating plasma estrogen. We evoke that the carcinogenic effects of estrogens were demonstrated in the rat and murine prostate when estrogens and androgens were simultaneously administered to them. We also describe estrogen proliferative activity and the genotoxicity of estrogen-hydroxylated metabolites with the formation of DNA adducts. We report published aromatase and CYP1B1 polymorphisms found in men with PCa. We published a bibliography on the relation between PCa and prostate inflammation, as well as the possible role of obesity in the aggressiveness of PCa. In this review, we provide an exhaustive list of assays carried out in subjects at high risk for PCa compared with Caucasians, showing that higher estrogen levels were found in the plasma of these subjects at high risk for PCa. Plasma estrone was the estrogen for which plasma concentration was highest in subjects of African descent. We recall the links observed between plasma estrogens, particularly E1-S, and PCa aggressiveness. Finally, we describe assays for determining hydroxylated estrogens and DNA adducts in the urine of men with PCa. We insist on the importance of the technology employed in estrogen measurement and propose the use of mass spectrometry methods to carry out estrogen assays, in order to decrease variability in the results of plasma estrogen assays.
Altered levels of circulating GABAergic 5α/β-reduced pregnane and androstane steroids in schizophrenic men
Authors: Bicikova Marie , Hill Martin , Ripova Daniela , Mohr Pavel
Published: March 2011

The role of GABAergic pathways in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is generally accepted. Therefore, the information concerning alterations of the steroid metabolome associated with the disease and/or its treatment is of interest with regard to the pathophysiology of the disease. Hence, we assessed 18 serum steroids and steroid polar conjugates in a group of drug-naive patients (13 adult men) and after 6-months therapy by atypical antipsychotics and age-matched controls (19 men) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the altered circulating GABAergic steroids in schizophrenic men as well as the effect of the therapy with two types of atypical antipsychotics. The GABAergic androsterone (3α5α) and etiocholanolone (3α5β) are reduced in schizophrenic men but the therapy with atypical antipsychotics reinstates their levels. This reinstatement could be of importance when considering that the GABAergic substances generally improve the well-being of patients. In addition to the unconjugated androsterone, being the most abundant GABAergic steroid in men, most of the other GABAergic steroids also tended to decrease in the patients. By contrast, the conjugated 5β-pregnanolone isomers were elevated in the patients. In conclusion, although schizophrenia status in adult men is associated with unfavorable alterations in neuroactive steroids, the treatment with antipsychotics could at least partly reinstate their circulating levels.
Effect of drospirenone on proliferation of human benign and cancerous epithelial breast cells
Authors: Seeger Harald , Ruan Xiangjan , Neubauer Hans , Mueck Alfred O.
Published: March 2011

Background: Proliferation of human breast epithelial cells is regulated by sex hormones. Epidemiological studies indicate that progestogen addition to estrogen therapy can increase breast cancer risk. However, it remains unclear if all progestogens react in a similar manner. Here, the new progestogen drospirenone (DRSP) was compared to progesterone and other synthetic progestins.

Design and methods: Human benign epithelial breast cells (HMECs) were incubated for 7 days with DRSP, progesterone (P), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and levonorgestrel (LNG) in the presence of a growth factor mixture (GF). HCC1500 and T-47D cells (human estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive primary breast cancer cells) were also incubated with the progestogens, but in the presence of estradiol (E2). The proliferation rate was measured by the MTT assay.

Results: DRSP and P elicited a similar significant inhibition of proliferation of HMECs in combination with GFs. LNG and MPA had no effect. DRSP, P, MPA and LNG were able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of HCC1500 and T-47D cells in combination with E2. No significant difference between the progestogens was observed in HCC1500 cells, whereas in T-47D cells both DRSP and P were significantly more effective at 10 μM than LNG and MPA.

Conclusion: Because different results were found in the same experimental model, it appears that progestogens do not react similarly on the proliferation of human breast epithelial cells. However, for assessment of breast cancer risk different models should be used, because various mechanism(s) might be involved. It is also important to use benign as well as cancerous cell lines. The choice of progestogen could be of significance in terms of breast cancer risk under hormone therapy.
Axial Response of HDPE Pipes as a Result of Installation by Directional Drilling
Authors: Moore Ian D. , Brachman Richard W. I. , Cholewa John A. , Chehab Abdul G.
Published: March 2011

Axial stresses and strains develop in high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes during installation by directional drilling. This paper examines the engineering design implications regarding these axial stresses resulting from three recent studies. First, the cyclic axial response of the leading end of a HDPE pipe is measured for the cyclic pulling force history experienced as it is pulled into place. Pulling force history measured in the field is approximated and used to measure the response of pipe samples. The study includes evaluation of simple creep modeling to estimate the axial strains, demonstrating that these provide useful, conservative estimates of maximum axial strain. Second, the development of axial tension in the leading section of the HDPE pipe after connection to appurtenances is modeled in the laboratory. It is demonstrated that the conventional 24 h time period over which the pipe is left to recover in length after installation ensures that the axial tensions that redevelop are at low levels. A calculation procedure is introduced to determine the axial force distribution along the pipe during installation and over its service life. Pulling force modeling similar to that outlined in ASTM 1962-05 is extended to consider the effects of pipe and soil deformations, so that cyclic response during installation and axial stress history after installation are determined. The study demonstrates that values of from one quarter to one third of the maximum pulling force can be used to estimate the long term axial stress in the pipe over a 50 year service life (for assessment of potential for slow crack growth). Strain measurements in the laboratory simulation of pipe installation and strain calculations for computed response over the service life of the pipe are found to be estimated effectively using time-dependent creep (secant) modulus for the HDPE.
The diversity of sex steroid action: the role of micro-RNAs and FOXO transcription factors in cycling endometrium and cancer
Authors: Lam Eric W-F , Shah Kunal , Brosens Jan J
Published: March 2011

The rise and fall in ovarian oestrogen and progesterone production orchestrates a series of events that are indispensable for reproduction, including ovulation, implantation, decidualisation and menstruation. In the uterus, these events involve extensive tissue remodelling, characterised by waves of endometrial cell proliferation, differentiation, recruitment of inflammatory cells, apoptosis, tissue breakdown, menstruation and regeneration. The ability of ovarian hormones to trigger such diverse physiological responses is foremost dependent upon interaction of activated steroid receptors with specific transcription factors, such as Forkhead box class O (FOXO) proteins, involved in cell fate decisions. Furthermore, micro-RNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, have emerged as a major regulator system of steroid hormone responses in the female reproductive tract. Consequently, increasing evidence shows that deregulated uterine miRNA expression underpins a spectrum of common reproductive disorders, ranging from implantation failure to endometriosis. Furthermore, by targeting FOXO transcription factors and other key regulators of tissue homeostasis, oncogenic endometrial miRNAs promote tumourigenesis and cancer progression.
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Wijaya Sumi , Nee Ting Kang , Jin Khoo Teng , Hon Lim Kuan , San Loh Hwei , Wiart Christophe
Published: March 2011

The hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water extracts of Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae) were assessed for their antibacterial and antioxidant capacities. The antioxidant capacities were evaluated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ?-carotene bleaching assays. The antimicrobial activities were assessed using the classical pour-plate disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and death kinetic assays, against six bacterial strains. The ethanol extract displayed significant antioxidant capacities both in the FRAP and ?-carotene bleaching assays. The ethanol extract abrogated the growth of all the bacteria tested. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride spectrometry assays indicated the presence phenolic compounds, including flavonoids in the ethanol extract.
Training and Turnover with Equilibrium Unemployment
Authors: Carter Thomas J.
Published: March 2011

Government policies that promote on-the-job training have different effects when, due to unemployment, workers value job security. In this case, an increase in specific training leads to greater job security and lower wages. The wage result, although perhaps counterintuitive, is supported by, and helps explain, published empirical work. Even with lower wages, training policies may be Pareto-improving or may lower welfare, depending on the elasticity of demand for labor. Training mandates and subsidies to training, because of their differing impacts on job security, have different unemployment and welfare effects; mandates are preferred. If government policy can influence specific training and job security independently, training is never optimally encouraged. Policies that promote general training and policies that promote specific training can both raise employment, but in different ways. Specific training lowers the employment outflow; general training raises the employment inflow.
On Fatalism in Nuclear Proliferation Studies: Questioning a Tenacious Historical Reading
Authors: Pelopidas Benoît
Published: March 2011

The works of most experts in the field of nuclear military issues suggest that the number of nuclear-weapon actors is rising as if it were a law of history. This study shows how the metaphor of proliferation," transposed from biology to nuclear weapons, could be considered as a source of this belief or as a tool that reinforces it. It then explores the consequences of this reified use of the metaphor, namely the historical narrative that is built upon it and its flaws. Finally, it exposes some of the political consequences of such an approach of nuclear history and proposes new research pathways to investigate other sources of fatalism" in nuclear proliferation issues and the possibility of a paradigm shift among experts in the field.
A Pedagogy for Global Understanding — Intercultural Dialogue: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Dulabaum Nina L.
Published: March 2011

Given the current tensions and animosities between people of varying cultural and ethnic groups, intercultural dialogue, rooted in Europe's humanist tradition, offers a concrete strategy for fostering understanding, promoting tolerance and breaking down barriers based on stereotypes and xenophobic violence. As the world's population increases each year, so does the significance of peaceful coexistence. It is important for people to develop a sense of community and a desire to communicate non-violently with each other. Though the theory may appear simple, practical application is complex. This article explores the challenges of implementing intercultural dialogue in educational settings, referencing current research in higher education.
Possible Orientations of the European Dimension in Romanian Educational Policy
Authors: Enache Roxana
Published: March 2011

Curricular reform in any educational system should be to balance national, European or international elements and should integrate diversity. European education calls for a democratic citizenship education that includes a political, cultural, social and economic education – an overall European dimension, which implies an awareness of the drive and diversity of European culture and to learn to live in a European context. This type of education is characteristic of a special category of strategies – namely, partnership strategies. Other educational strategies that are supported to achieve the European dimension may be based on the ability to adapt to a particular context, the transfer of knowledge and experience, participation, and the ability to anticipate and to innovate. The author reviews evidence (the curriculum, syllabi, textbooks, etc.), the intended curriculum and implemented and effective strategies in order to highlight the Romanian education policy to implement and achieve the European dimension in the Romanian curriculum. Obviously, the role of education is very important in the transmission and cultivation of values that determine, in turn, the behaviours, attitudes and specific reactions of responsible citizens, for Europe needs such people. Romanians, who have a sense of social responsibility, but in a latent form, should leave, on the one hand, the old values, which discourage initiative and free expression of opinions and effective involvement, and, on the other, learn to become responsible, to engage socially and to implement those values that are identified with the psycho-moral characteristics of the Romanians themselves: altruism, tolerance, innovation, honesty and fairness.
Fostering Intercultural Dialogue in Tourism Studies
Authors: Luka Ineta
Published: March 2011

One of the key issues that higher education has to face nowadays is how to educate versatile, creative and knowledgeable specialists who are able to work in the modern multicultural environment. The present study was conducted from May to December 2009 in the fourth-largest tertiary education institution in Latvia providing higher education in tourism. The quantitative and qualitative research was in two parts and included the analysis of theoretical literature and sources, a survey of 262 tourism students and 192 employers, as well as an in-depth survey of 61 tourism students regarding the development of intercultural competence. This article analyzes the development of students' intercultural competence and reveals how it may be promoted in English-language lessons by applying specially designed teaching-learning aids and tasks, and methods that foster intercultural dialogue.
The Nature of Democratic Decision Making and the Democratic Panacea
Authors: Shaw Robert K.
Published: March 2011

‘Democracy thrives because it helps individuals identify with the society of which they are members and because it provides for legitimate decision-making and exercise of power.’ With this statement, the Council of Europe raises for us some fundamental questions: what is the practice of democracy, its merits and its limitations? A phenomenological insight into democracy as it displays itself indicates that its essence is decision making by vote. The strength of this mechanism is that it operates without a requirement for rationality on the part of the participants, and its imperative is always to achieve a decision – any decision. Thus, the mechanism enables decisions in situations of incommensurable choice. The history of the engagement of Māori with local government in Aotearoa New Zealand makes apparent the limitations of democracy and challenges democracy itself. Māori have no tradition of democracy and they aspire to the exercise of their traditional decision-making practices. As a minority in a democratic country, Māori find themselves always at the mercy of the vote. Democracy is a tool of colonisation. The situation of Māori provides lessons for those who would applaud the Council of Europe and their belief in coexistence by way of democratic decision making.
Becoming-other: Developing the Ethics of Integration
Authors: Semetsky Inna
Published: March 2011

This article analyzes the philosophy of French post-structuralist Gilles Deleuze in the context of post-formal education. The article specifically focuses on Deleuze's unorthodox approach to epistemology and ethics as future-oriented and creative, and lays down the foundations for a new ethics of integration in education derived from Deleuze's conceptualizations of ‘becoming’; specifically ‘becoming-other’. The call for ‘a new ethic’ was originally made by Erich Neumann in the troubled time of the aftermath of the Second World War in Europe. Contemporary conditions of cultural diversity point to the inadequacy of old ethical theories. The future form of educational philosophy encompasses not only resistance to the present but both the diagnosis and prognosis (creative, even if uncertain) for our actual multiple becomings in terms of becoming-revolutionary, becoming-democratic, becoming-pedagogical and becoming-ethical. The role of an educational philosopher becomes one of the clinician of culture; the latter described by Deleuze as an inventor of new immanent modes of existence that encompass critical, clinical and creative dimensions. The article's conclusion is that achieving genuine intercultural dialogue demands putting into practice a particular educational theory, which is defined in this article as an ethics of integration.
Intercultural Dialogue: Cultural Dialogues of Equals or Cultural Dialogues of Unequals?
Authors: Igbino John
Published: March 2011

This article has two aims. The first aim of the article is to show some emerging problems and questions facing intercultural dialogue. This involves a critique of intercultural dialogue by situating it within emerging models of cultural change. The second aim of the article is to show alternative approaches to cultural dialogues. This involves the description of some of the factors that might be useful to equal and dignified cultural dialogues.
Reason and Revelation for an Averroist Pursuit of Convivencia and Intercultural Dialogue
Authors: Habti Driss
Published: March 2011

Throughout medieval thought, a major issue raised was that of the relationship between religion and philosophy. Alternative frameworks see the problem as a conflict between faith and reason, tradition and speculation, mysticism and rationalism. The medieval Muslim philosopher Ibn Rushd, or Averroes, (1126–98), who lived in medieval Spain, attempts in his philosophy to reconcile philosophy with religion. This article probes into an ‘Averroist dialogue’ through his rationalist philosophy. Meanwhile, al-Ghazali (1058–1111), from Persia, tends towards an Islamic philosophy based on cause and effect and determined by God. Ibn Rushd's retaliation to al-Ghazali was his defence of the primacy of philosophy and reason, and a call for diversity of knowledge. Ibn Rushd explicates the relation between religion and philosophy as two different ways of reaching the same truth, and clarifies the connection between Islamic law and Greek science, striving for a rapprochement between the Islamic ‘I’ and the European ‘Other’ through his epistemological principles of dialogue in a time of convivencia (coexistence) in medieval Andalusia.
A Cooperative School Model to Promote Intercultural Dialogue between Citizens-to-Be
Authors: Zay Danielle
Published: March 2011

This article introduces the European comparative results of the national report written by the author for the international project supported by the European Commission, ‘ Strategies for Supporting Schools and Teachers in Order to Foster Social Inclusion’, It focuses on one of the main issues and the specific methodology of the French report. The development of international exchanges has led to both growing inequality between citizens from the same country and a growing number of new immigrant populations arriving for economic or political reasons. No European Union member state can be quite as irrational as to ignore them or to neglect the debate on how we can live together on the same soil. Although European countries have chosen the same type of market economy and democratic society, they do not have the same view about the kind of society and schools that will best serve their goals. In particular, their education and social policies are not inspired by the same paradigms and concepts with regard to social exclusion, education or citizenship within the state. Through research results and case studies, this research develops a cooperative school model based on teachers' initiatives and ‘community development’ to prepare citizens-to-be to support citizens in a free and equal community. Intercultural dialogue is a key factor for achieving such a target.
The Effects of Wearing a Costume on Charitable Donations
Authors: Osbaldiston Richard , de Boer Brittany
Published: March 2011

Although research has shown a general trend that people dressed in neat or professional clothes elicit more helping behavior from other people than when dressed in casual or sloppy clothes, no research has examined the effects of wearing a costume on helping behavior. In this experiment, confederates dressed either in a Santa suit or in street clothes as they volunteered for the Salvation Army as bell-ringers in front of retail stores. The hypothesis that donations would be greater while wearing the Santa suit was not supported by the data; the Santa suit and the street clothes elicited equal amounts of donations.
Depression, Autonomic Function, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Comment on Hughes, et al. (2010)
Authors: Lavie Carl J. , Milani Richard V.
Published: March 2011

A recent paper by Hughes and colleagues suggested that dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system in depressed cardiac patients was partly explained by reduced physical activity and fitness. Other data demonstrate that exercise training and improvements in fitness not only lead to improvements in autonomic function in coronary patients but also reduce depression and depression-related increased mortality.
Relationship between Cynicism and Job Satisfaction: Exploration of Mechanisms
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Adams John W.
Published: March 2011

Personality traits related to evaluation of other people and the world are important to study in relation to job satisfaction, which itself is an evaluation of various facets of a job, including the social dimensions. Accordingly, the relationship between cynicism and job satisfaction was studied. Cynicism was expected to be negatively related to job satisfaction, employees' perceptions of job enrichment, quality of leader-member exchange, and support from coworkers. Survey data from 105 employees in a diverse set of organizations ( M age = 48 yr.; 50% women; M work experience = 28 yr.; 73% had > 16 yr. education) were subjected to hierarchical regression. Individuals high in Cynicism were likely to have lower job satisfaction, job enrichment, quality of leader-member exchange, and perceptions of co-worker support.
Measuring Dispositional Humility: A First Approximation
Authors: Landrum R. Eric
Published: March 2011

Humility is a psychological construct that has not received much empirical attention until recently. This new emphasis on positive psychology and humility has been both conceptual and empirical. The present study had two objectives: to review the literature briefly to verify the importance of humility and its positive perception by others, and to begin to develop a preliminary measure of humility. Results indicated that humility is held in high regard by others. Two factors emerged from exploratory factor analysis that appear to converge on measuring humility, with acceptable convergent and divergent validity and internal consistency reliability. These results are discussed in terms of the expected relationships among humility and other constructs (e.g., social desirability, narcissism, self-esteem).
Facilitated Attentional Disengagement from Negative Information in Relation to Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms of Dutch Female Undergraduate Students
Authors: van Deurzen Patricia A. M. , Slaats-Willemse Dorine I. E. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Roelofs Jeffrey , Rinck Mike , Speckens Anne E. M.
Published: March 2011

Prior research has shown that depressive symptoms are associated with an enhanced attention toward negative stimuli and difficulty of disengaging attention from negative stimuli. The current study was an extension of a 2005 study by Koster and colleagues. A different stimulus presentation time and word set were used. The whole range of depressive symptoms was included in this sample instead of creating dichotomized groups. The Exogenous Cueing Task with negative, positive, and neutral cues was administered to 85 female undergraduate university students. Participants completed the Beck's Depression Inventory-II–NL questionnaire to measure self-reported depression. Contrary to previous findings, depressive symptoms were related to a facilitated rather than impaired attentional disengagement from negative stimuli. An explanation for the discrepancy with findings from Koster, et al. may be the different stimulus presentation time (1,000 msec. instead of 500 or 1,500 msec).
Random Number Generation Deficit in Early Schizophrenia
Authors: Chan Kevin Ka-Shing , Hui Christy Lai-Ming , Tang Jennifer Yee-Man , Chiu Cindy Pui-Yu , Chan Sherry Kit-Wa , Lam May Mei-Ling , Chen Eric Yu-Hai
Published: March 2011

Random number generation with a written response mode provides a potentially appealing marker for executive processes. Impaired performance on written random number generation tasks has been reported in chronic schizophrenic patients. However, no study has investigated whether such a deficit occurs in early schizophrenia and whether its profile and severity are similar to those in patients with chronic illness. This study investigated the ability to generate random numbers in patients with early schizophrenia ( n = 44) and a healthy control group ( n = 48). Patients were less able to maintain several production strategies and generated more stereotyped response sequences, whereas their abilities to identify randomness with an even-handed treatment of digits and to monitor the equality of occurrence of single digits appeared to remain intact. These results provide evidence that some aspects of the deficits in random number generation among chronic schizophrenic patients are also present at early psychotic episode, while some other aspects are relatively less affected in the early years.
Reliability and Validity of the Kiddie Mach Scale in Chinese Children
Authors: Geng Yaoguo , Qin Beibei , Xia Dan , Ye Qingqing
Published: March 2011

The present study examined the psychometric properties of a translated Chinese version of the Kiddie Mach Scale in a sample of Chinese students ( N = 787) ages 9 to 13 years (416 boys, 371 girls; M age = 11.3 yr., SD = 1.3). Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed a three-factor structure to be the most adequate model: Distrust, Lack of faith in human nature, and Dishonesty. These results are similar to the English version, but not the Greek version. The Chinese version exhibited weak internal consistency, but acceptable 4-week test-retest reliability. The Chinese version of the Kiddie Mach Scale was significantly associated with the Basic Empathy Scale. There was a sex effect on Kiddie Mach Scale scores with boys scoring higher on the Total scale and the Distrust subscale. Some items did not seem to function well in Chinese culture. More research will be needed to find items that represent, especially, distrust in Chinese settings.
Gross Motor Ability of Native Greek, Roma, and Roma Immigrant School-Age Children in Greece
Authors: Tsimaras Vasilios , Arzoglou Despina , Fotiadou Eleni , Kokaridas Dimitrios , Kotzamanidou Marianna , Angelopoulou Nikoletta , Bassa Eleni
Published: March 2011

Laboratory of Developmental Pediatrics and Special Education, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

The purpose of this study was to estimate and compare gross motor ability of children aged 7 to 10 years, all from Roma minority families (Romas, Roma immigrants) and families of indigenous Greeks. The sample consisted of 180 children (60 natives, 60 Romas, 60 Roma immigrants) studying in Greek public primary schools. The Test of Gross Motor Development scores showed that the group of indigenous Greek children had significantly higher performance in terms of locomotion skills, handling skills, and general motor ability compared to the groups of Roma and Roma immigrant children. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two other groups. These findings might be attributed to less participation of minority children in organized physical activities in and outside school, as well as to the reduced parental encouragement for attending related activities.
Drawing and Handedness of Preschoolers: A Repeated-Measurement Approach to Hand Preference
Authors: Bruckner Johanna , Kastner-Koller Ursula , Deimann Pia , Voracek Martin
Published: March 2011

This study investigated handedness and drawing by preschoolers. An observational method for repeated measurement of hand preference is presented. A sample of 381 children (191 girls, 190 boys) ranging in age from 48 to 71 mo. was tested for drawing and hand preference on 14 tasks. Consistent hand preference was defined as always using a particular hand (left or right) for the same task. Girls with consistent hand preference showed better drawing scores compared to girls with inconsistent hand preference. The results showed the importance of a reliable method for measuring hand preference within a single task as early as preschool age.
The Role of Peer Groups in Male and Female Adolescents' Task Values and Physical Activity
Authors: Yli-Piipari Sami , Jaakkola Timo , Liukkonen Jarmo , Kiuru Noona , Watt Anthony
Published: March 2011

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the role of peer groups and sex in adolescents' task values and physical activity. The participants were 330 Finnish Grade 6 students (173 girls, 157 boys), who responded to questionnaires that assessed physical education task values during the spring semester (Time 1). Students' physical activity was assessed one year later (Time 2). The results indicated that adolescent peer groups were moderately homogeneous in terms of task values toward physical education and physical activity. Girls' peer groups were more homogeneous than those of boys in regards to utility and attainment values. Furthermore, the results for both girls and boys showed that particularly intrinsic task value typical for the peer group predicted group members' physical activity. The findings highlight the important role of peer group membership as a determinant of future physical activity.
Congruence of Actual and Retrospective Reports of Precompetition Affect and Anxiety for Young Volleyball Players
Authors: Rikberg Alar , Raudsepp Lennart , Kais Kristjan
Published: March 2011

The current study examined the accuracy of retrospective recall of affect and competitive anxiety in 38 youth beach volleyball players, who were randomly assigned into two equal groups: participants who watched a video of their precompetition preparation before responding to the items, and players who did not watch a videotape. All completed the modified competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2 1 hr., and the affect grid 5 min., before a competition and again 2 days later. Accuracy in recalling anxiety and affect by these players was significant in both conditions ( rs = .59–.76 and .41–.59, respectively). However, in the video condition, item responses showed markedly higher percentages of agreement for the Somatic and Cognitive Anxiety subscales and the affect grid than those for the no-video condition (52.6–78.9% and 36.8–52.6%, respectively). Analysis of variance indicated that watching a video for precompetition preparation improved the accuracy of retrospective recall of anxiety and arousal. Video feedback of performance increased the accuracy of retrospective report of affect and anxiety in these young athletes.
Influence of Angle of View on Judges' Evaluations of Inverted Cross in Men's Rings
Authors: Dallas George , Mavidis Alexandros , Chairopoulou Chrissoula
Published: March 2011

The present study focuses on two factors that may influence the accuracy and precision of a judge's evaluation of the angular deviation error in “inverted cross” (angle of the arms away from the horizontal axis). 16 Greek judges of competitive gymnastics participated in an evaluation of the magnitude of the error in the skill. Photographs of the performance of 8 gymnasts were shown to the judges in triplicates in random order from three angles of observation (0°, 45°, and 90°) on a computer screen. The precision in the judges' judgments was best at the 45° angle of observation and at angular deviations of 16° to 30°. Accuracy was influenced both by the judge's angle of observation and the gymnast's angular deviation, as well as by the interaction. Overall, judges may need to improve their ability to evaluate performance through training. Training may incorporate a variety of exercises in judging the inverted cross through augmented feedback of knowledge of results.
Validation of the Italian Version of the Omni Scale of Perceived Exertion in a Sample of Italian-Speaking Adults
Authors: Guidetti Laura , Broccatelli Marianna , Baldari Carlo , Buzzachera Cosme Franklim , Goss Fredric L. , Utter Alan C. , Sgadari Antonio
Published: March 2011

The purpose was to examine whether the translation of verbal descriptors from English to Italian affects the validity of the OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion. 82 people for whom Italian was the primary language performed an orientation trial and a maximal graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Ratings of perceived exertion for the overall body and physiological responses were measured during each exercise stage. Significant correlations were found between perceptual responses of the Italian version of the OMNI Cycle Scale of Perceived Exertion and oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and respiratory exchange ratio responses to a maximal graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. These findings indicate that the Italian version of the OMNI Scale of Perceived Exertion gives a valid estimate of effort during cycle ergometer exercise.
Development of a Metabolic Equation for the NuStep Recumbent Stepper in Older Adults
Authors: Dalleck Lance C. , Borresen Erica C. , Parker Amanda L. , Abel Kelly M. , Habermann Laura A. , McLaughlin Sarah J. , Tischendorf Jessica S.
Published: March 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop an accurate metabolic equation for estimating steady-state oxygen consumption (VO2) during submaximal NuStep exercise. Adults ( N = 40; M age = 64.0 yr., SD = 6.5; M height = 170.1 cm, SD = 9.1; M weight = 85.7 kg, SD = 19.9) performed two randomized testing sessions. Each session consisted of six stages with combinations of four workloads (1, 3, 5, and 7) at 3 cadences (60, 80, and 100 steps/min.). Multiple regression analysis to predict steady-state VO2 from NuStep workload (W), NuStep steps/min., and subject body mass resulted in the following model ( R2 = .73):

[Formula: see text]

The standard error of the estimate and total error for the prediction of steady-state VO2 under all NuStep workload conditions were 2.3 mL/kg/min. and 2.4 mL/kg/ min., respectively. The standard error of the estimate and total error values are similar to those previously reported in the literature regarding the accuracy of metabolic equations for other exercise modalities. These findings support the use of the equation developed to predict steady-state VO2 for NuStep exercise in older adult clientele.
Role of Self-Esteem in the Relationship between Stress and Ingratiation
Authors: Wu Keke , Li Chenwei , Johnson Diane E.
Published: March 2011

The relations among self-esteem, stress, and ingratiatory behaviors in the workplace were examined. Competing models for moderating and mediating effects of self-esteem on the relationship between stress and ingratiation were presented. Data from a sample of 136 employees at a state lottery organization were used to test the competing models. Support was found for the full mediation model, wherein self-esteem completely mediated the relationship between stress and ingratiation.
Employee-Oriented Leadership and Quality of Working Life: Mediating Roles of Idiosyncratic Deals
Authors: Hornung Severin , Rouseau Denise M. , Glaser Jürgen , Angerer Peter , Weigl Matthias
Published: March 2011

Leader consideration has long been suggested to be conducive to quality of working life experienced by employees. The present study links this classic leadership dimension with more recent research on idiosyncratic deals, referring to personalized conditions workers negotiate in their employment relationships. A two-wave survey study ( N = 159/142) among German hospital physicians suggests that authorizing idiosyncratic deals is a manifestation of employee-oriented leader behavior. Consideration had consistent positive effects on idiosyncratic deals regarding both professional development and working time flexibility. These two types had differential effects on two indicators of the quality of working life. Development related positively to work engagement, flexibility related negatively to work-family conflict. Cross-lagged correlations supported the proposed direction of influence between consideration and idiosyncratic deals in a subsample of repeating responders ( n = 91). The relation between development and engagement appeared to be reciprocal. Longitudinal results for the association between flexibility and work-family conflict were inconclusive.
Subjective Well-Being and Religiosity in Egyptian College Students
Authors: Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M.
Published: March 2011

A sample of 224 Egyptian college students (101 men, 123 women) was recruited. Their ages ranged from 17 to 29 years ( M = 18.9, SD = 1.5). They responded to the Arabic versions of the Oxford Happiness Inventory, the Love of Life Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale, as well as five separate single-item self-rating scales assessing physical health, mental health, happiness, satisfaction, and religiosity. All correlations between the measures and rating scales of subjective well-being and religiosity were statistically significant and positive, the largest between satisfaction and religiosity. Only one factor was retained in principal components factor analysis of the correlation matrix and labeled “Well-being and religiosity.” It was concluded that religious persons in the present sample reported higher subjective well-being.
Birth Month is Not Related to Suicide among Major League Baseball Players
Authors: Smith Gary
Published: March 2011

In 2005, Abel and Kruger reported that, compared to the other 10 months of the year, Major League Baseball players are much less likely to commit suicide if they are born in July and much more likely to commit suicide if they are born in August. The data and statistical tests used to support this claim are both incorrect. A correct test applied to the complete, accurate data shows that there is no relationship between birth month and suicide for Major League Baseball players.
Anxiety and Heart Rate Variability before Sleep Indicate Chronic Stress in Students
Authors: Furutani Maki , Tanaka Hideki , Agari Ichiro
Published: March 2011

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of chronic stress on the first-night effect in terms of autonomic nervous system activity and anxiety. Participants ( N = 11; M age = 20.3 yr., SD = 0.47) included six with high stress (High stress group) and five with low stress (Low stress group), for whom all EEG data were available from three consecutive nights. Heart rate variability was calculated using the MemCalc method. The ratio of low to high frequency of heart rate variability before sleep onset in the High stress group on the first night indicated significantly higher activities than the ratio before sleep onset in the Low stress group. No significant difference in sleep latency was found between the two groups. However, the High stress group was more aware of anxiety than was the Low stress group, and the former estimated more subjective difficulty in falling asleep. These results suggest that measuring LF/HF before sleep may constitute a new way to assess chronic stress.
Using Powerpoint to Demonstrate Human Classical Salivary Conditioning in a Classroom Situation
Authors: Abramson Charles I. , Brown Erika A. , Langley Dillon
Published: March 2011

Classical conditioning is one of the most fundamental types of learning, yet demonstrating its principles in a classroom setting can be challenging. This study introduces using PowerPoint as a new, practical technique that can be used in a classroom setting to demonstrate classical conditioning. The PowerPoint file is flexible and easy to adapt for demonstrating various aspects of classical conditioning (including higher order conditioning) in a concrete manner. Moreover, this study was designed to measure salivation in a more objective and valid way which could be used by student researchers interested in measuring salivation as a conditioned response.
A Bibliography of Articles of Interest to Teachers of Psychology Appearing in Psychological Reports 1955–2010
Authors: Abramson Charles I. , Curb Lisa A. , Barber Kelsey R.
Published: March 2011

A bibliography is presented of articles related to various aspects of the teaching of psychology that have appeared in Psychological Reports from 1955–2010. The 605 articles are classified into 21 sections including those devoted to history, psychology of the scientist, teaching tips, textbook evaluation, and evaluation of students and professors.
Suicide among Foreign Residents of Japan
Authors: Lester David , Saito Yukio , Park B. C. Ben
Published: March 2011

The suicide rate of Koreans living in Japan is twice as high as that of Koreans in South Korea. Reasons for this high suicide rate are discussed, including effects of economic crises and discrimination.
National Anthems and Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David , Gunn John F.
Published: March 2011

In a sample of 18 European nations, suicide rates were positively associated with the proportion of low notes in the national anthems and, albeit less strongly, with students' ratings of how gloomy and how sad the anthems sounded, supporting a hypothesis proposed by Rihmer.
Acute Nonhypothermic Exposure to Cold Impedes Motor Skill Performance in Video Gaming Compared to Thermo-Neutral and Hot Conditions
Authors: Edwards Andrew M. , Crowther Robert G. , Morton R. Hugh , Polman Remco C.
Published: March 2011

The study examined whether or not acute exposure to unfamiliar hot or cold conditions impairs performance of highly skilled coordinative activities and whether prior physical self-efficacy beliefs were associated with task completion. Nineteen volunteers completed both Guitar Hero® and Archery® activities as a test battery using the Nintendo Wii® console in cold (2°C), neutral (20°C), and hot (38°C) conditions. Participants all completed physical self-efficacy questionnaires following experimental familiarization. Performances of both Guitar Hero and Archery significantly decreased in the cold compared with the neutral condition. The cold trial was also perceived as the condition requiring both greater concentration and effort. There was no association between performance and physical self-efficacy Performance of these coordinative tasks was compromised by acute (nonhypothermic) exposure to cold; the most likely explanation is that the cold condition presented a greater challenge to attentional processes as a form of environmental distraction.