bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women and Post-marital Depression: A Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis of Short Film, the Prince Charming
Authors: Naima Noreen  , Sadiq Khan
Published: February 2025

This Depression is persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities. Post-marital depression is the feeling of anxiety and worthlessness that emerges in women after marriage due to various reasons. The present study aims to analyze See Prime's short movie "Prince Charming" to investigate how Pakistani society has predefined social roles for women which leads to post-marital depression and to what extent post-marital depression affects housewives. It further elaborates on the role of Pakistani media discourse (See Prime) in bringing awareness regarding this social issue.
The Predefined social roles of men and women are the leading elements to post marital depression. Post-marital depression is a social taboo. Most women feel trapped in a loveless bond of marriage. Role of Pakistani media in constructing gender roles is very prominent. For this purpose, Qualitative research approach has been adopted. The data is collected from the dialogues of the movie. Data is selected through a purposive sampling technique. The tools of analysis are Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis under CDA. There are only three characters; Sheherzade (Mahira khan), her husband (Zahid Ahmed), and her daughter that are depicted in the movie.
The Power of Emotive Language: A Linguistic and Poetic Analysis of Street Vendors' Commercial Songs
Authors: Muhammad Ali Shahid  , Kynat Khalid  , Iram Fatima  , Ayesha Hameed
Published: February 2025

This study explores the profound impact of emotive language in street vendors' commercial songs through a comprehensive analysis utilizing triangulation methods. The research integrates textual analysis of linguistic and poetic devices, thematic analysis, and Jacobson's model of communication to evaluate how emotive language influences consumer perception and engagement. Five distinct street vendors' songs were examined, revealing a strategic use of repetition, rhyme, colloquial expressions, and vivid imagery to create emotional resonance with the audience. The findings indicate that the use of emotive language and poetic techniques not only enhances the memorability and appeal of the commercial message but also fosters a deeper connection with the local community. The songs effectively employ local dialects and culturally specific phrases to engage listeners, thereby reinforcing cultural values and community identity. This research underscores the significance of informal language practices in commercial settings and highlights the potential for applying these insights to broader marketing strategies. The study's implications extend to fields such as linguistics, marketing, and sociocultural studies, providing a nuanced understanding of how language functions as a powerful tool in everyday commercial contexts. The results offer valuable insights for marketers, educators, and researchers interested in the intersections of language, emotion, and consumer behavior.
Faktor Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadianpneumonia Pada Balita Di RSUD Depati Hamzah Pangkalpinang Tahun 2024
Authors: Luthfi Handayani  , Indri Puji Lestari  , Nurwijaya Fitri
Published: February 2025

Pneumonia is currently still a problem in the health sector where the death rate is still high. Not only that, the prevalence of pneumonia is also increasing both locally, nationally, and even internationally. The increase in the incidence of pneumonia can be caused by factors such as history of vitamin A, BBLR and nutritional status The purpose of this study is to find out the factors related to the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers at Depati Hamzah Pangkalpinang Hospital in 2024. This study uses a sectional study sross design. The population in this study is 608 pneumonia patients at Depati Hamzah Pangkalpinang Hospital in 2023. The sample size in this study was 88 respondents who were selected with the Purposive Sampling Technique. Data analysis using the Chi-square test. The results of this study prove that there is a relationship between the factors of vitamin A (p-value=0.000), BBLR (p-value-0.000), and Nutritional Status (p-value=0.000). With the incidence of pneumonia at Depati Hamzah Pangkalpinang Hospital in 2024. It is hoped that Health Service Institutions can increase the frequency of Health Education to the community to always maintain clean and healthy living behaviors and prevent the occurrence of pneumonia in toddlers.
Expanding the health belief model on dementia knowledge, fear, and preventive behaviors among older adults in Korea: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Yun Jeong Eui , Choi Suyoung
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to expand the health belief model by incorporating dementia knowledge and fear and to assess the effects of these variables on dementia prevention behaviors among older adults. Methods: In total, 199 elderly individuals from 10 senior centers in Korea completed a structured questionnaire assessing characteristics, dementia knowledge, fear, health beliefs, and prevention behaviors. Measures included the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale, the Korean version of the Fear of Alzheimer’s Disease Scale, and the Korean version of the Motivation to Change Lifestyle and Health Behavior for Dementia. Hierarchical polynomial regression was conducted to examine the impact of integrating dementia knowledge and fear into the health belief model. Results: Hierarchical polynomial regression across four models revealed significant effects of various factors on dementia prevention behaviors, explaining 12%–36% of the variance. Perceived barriers significantly decreased dementia prevention behaviors, while higher levels of self-efficacy and cues to action had a positive influence. Additionally, a nonlinear relationship was identified between dementia knowledge and prevention behaviors, with the positive impacts of increased knowledge potentially diminishing beyond a certain point. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the necessity of modifying the health belief model to integrate dementia knowledge and fear, which play critical roles in shaping preventive behaviors among older adults. Future investigations should examine the optimal level of dementia knowledge to promote these behaviors and elucidate the intricate relationship between knowledge and actions.
Socioeconomic Profile of Learners in the Bangladesh Armed Forces: Insights from Open and Distance Learning
Authors: Husain Iqbal
Published: February 2025

Bangladesh Open University (BOU) offers a specialized programme called HSC niche-1 that is intended for troops in the country's armed services. This programme has been operating successfully since 2014, and throughout the past years, a sizable number of students have graduated. These students are the Bangladesh Army, Navy, and Air Force's entry-level soldiers. This paper's primary goal is to ascertain the socioeconomic profile of the HSC niche-1 learner’s families. The author has attempted to investigate the learners’ socioeconomic situation by looking at their home location, income, occupation, and level of education. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods have been used in this study. Interviews were conducted with 225 learners who successfully completed the niche-1 programme utilizing a standardized questionnaire. Three focus group discussions (FGD) have been conducted to gather qualitative data. In total, 25 students took part in the FGD. According to the report, the majority of armed forces students came from moderately solvent households. The study found that a substantial portion of the students come from low-income backgrounds. The learner's families (parents) are not highly educated and not very wealthy. From a social standpoint, the majority of students come from middle-class and lower-middle-class backgrounds. Then, a sizable portion of the students were from households with poor socioeconomic status.
Effect of Different Level of Nano Urea on Growth of Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) cv. Winter Dawn, under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions
Authors: Singh Atul Kumar , Mishra Saket , Kushwaha Akhilesh
Published: February 2025

A research study was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, NAI, SHUATS, located in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, during the academic years 2022-23 and 2023-2024. The experiment comprised 11 treatments involving various combinations of conventional urea and nano urea, applied at different levels and concentrations, with each treatment replicated three times in a Randomised Block Design. The main objective of the experiment was to assess the impact of varying concentrations of nano urea on the growth characteristics of Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) cv. Winter Dawn. Treatment T7 [100% PK + 60% RDN + 0.8% Nano urea (8 ml/l)] was found best with [9.78 (2022-23), 10.05 (2023-24) and 9.91 (Pooled)] days to new growth, [31.11 (2022-23), 32.32 (2023-24) and 31.71 (Pooled)] days to runner formation after planting, [17.11 (2022-23), 17.79 (2023-24) and 17.45 (Pooled)] cm plant height, [17.62 (2022-23), 17.86 (2023-24) and 17.74 (Pooled)] number of leaves per plant, [66.21 (2022-23), 68.45 (2023-24) and 67.33 (Pooled)] cm2 leaf area, [5.27 (2022-23), 5.59 (2023-24) and 5.43 (Pooled)] number of runners per plant, [22.02 (2022-23), 22.33 (2023-24) and 22.19 (Pooled)] number of flower per plant, [71.13 (2022-23), 72.64 (2023-24) and 71.89 (Pooled)] % percentage of fruit setting (%) and [67.06 (2022-23), 69.07 (2023-24) and 68.07 (Pooled)] days taken to harvesting maturity.
Enumeration of Native Rhizobial Population Nodulating Phaseolus vulgaris of North-western Himalaya
Authors: NAIN POOJA , SAINI NEHA , BHANDARI GEETANJALI , RAVERKAR K P
Published: February 2025

Optimal native rhizobial population required for efficient nodulation of Phaseolus vulgaris, leading to maximum dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation in legume crops. Notably, there has been limited investigation into, especially in the NWH region of Uttarakhand. To address this, the study employed the Most Probable Number technique across 12 sites in 5 districts of Uttarakhand. The results revealed a wide range of rhizobia populations, ranging from less than 1 x 102/g of soil to 3.1 x 104/g of soil. These varying number of rhizobia were found in perfect corelation with the organic carbon content, microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity of soils. Two locations, "Seli sama" (100/g of soil) and "Sui" (1000/g of soil), displayed MPN values below the threshold population required for optimal nodulation. Furthermore, locations with a high number of native rhizobia but relatively low biological nitrogen fixation, specifically "Daranti" (MPN: 31000/g of soil, BNF: 4.92 mg plant /g) and "Gwaldam" (MPN: 31000/g of soil, BNF: 4.88 mg plant /g), have shown the potential to enhance biological nitrogen fixation through the introduction of efficient rhizobial inoculants or by maintaining a high number of effective native rhizobia in the soil.
Factors Influencing the Deterioration of Groundnut Seed Quality and Its Implications on Storage Capacity
Authors: Anuroopa P. , B.Pushpavathi  , Kishan S. Hari , Sujatha P. , Seshu G.
Published: February 2025

The current study was aimed to investigate the factors influencing seed deterioration of groundnut with factorial CRD, the experiment was conducted at Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Research and Technology Centre, Professor Jaya Shankar Telangana Agricultural University during February 2022 to March 2023. Groundnut seeds from different harvesting windows (early, normal, and late) and varying seed moisture levels (8%, 10%, and 12%) were subjected to ambient storage for a year. They were then evaluated for seed moisture content, germination, and field emergence using three replicates of 100 seeds each. Results indicated that among the different seed moisture contents, seeds from the early harvesting window with 8% moisture content exhibited the highest germination rates, recording 76% after one year of storage. Conversely, seeds from the normal harvesting window with 12% seed moisture content showed the lowest germination percentages, with rates of 51% under similar conditions. The groundnut seeds displayed significant variation in germination rates both in 8% and 12 % seed moistures.
Herbal Shampoo: A Review
Authors: Gazi Ayesha Siddiqua , Sameen Syeda Adiba , Hajira Sayyada , Unnisa Zehra , Fathima Mariya
Published: February 2025

Preparing and evaluating a herbal shampoo with an emphasis on the product's safety, effectiveness, and quality is the primary goal of the current study. Herbal shampoo is a natural hair care solution that is used to eliminate grime, dandruff, and grease as well as to encourage hair growth, strength, and blackness. Since shampoos are a common cosmetic item used in daily life, the shampoo industry has the most units sold of any hair care product. Consumers have occasionally experienced negative consequences as a result of synthetic detergents and preservatives. Incorporating natural extracts with similar functionality to their synthetic counterparts is a more extreme method of minimise the use of synthetic compounds. Shampoo is one of the most important beauty items since it helps clean the hair. Herbal shampoo is a cosmetic product similar to ordinary shampoo in that it uses traditional ayurvedic herbs to clean the hair and scalp. They are used to clean up environmental pollutants, dandruff, grease, and grime.
Cognitive Constructivism
Authors: Hruby George G.
Published: January 2025

Cognitive constructivism is a set of theories about the mental processes necessary for transforming experience, including of language, into memory, knowledge, and thought for further understanding. This entry reviews the variations on this idea that have risen to prominence in the past century, its foundation in epistemology, developmental psychology, and cognitive psychology, and current extensions in neuroscience and social psychology.
Functional Discourse Grammar
Authors: Velasco Daniel García
Published: January 2025

Functional Discourse Grammar is a theory of language structure with a strong typological foundation. It occupies an intermediate position between radical formalist and radical functional models of language, as it assumes that speakers' knowledge of linguistic forms is instrumental in actual communication. Architecturally, it is a modular grammar that is integrated into a wider theory of verbal interaction which also includes a Contextual, a Conceptual, and an Output Component. The grammar includes four independent levels of representation which are connected through interface relations and relate to the main areas of linguistic analysis: pragmatics, semantics, morphosyntax, and phonology. It is a discourse‐oriented grammar as it intends to provide an account of the formal units of languages with reference to the ways they are used in communication. The model also intends to achieve cognitive adequacy and in line with major psycholinguistic findings assumes that the creation of a linguistic expression is a top‐down process which begins with a communicative intention and ends with the articulation of an actual utterance.
Intercultural Competence
Authors: Ladegaard Hans J.
Published: January 2025

The concept of intercultural competence attempts to outline a set of characteristics that is essential in order for people to communicate adequately and competently in a globalized world. Intercultural competence is arguably more important than ever before because of rising nationalism, xenophobia, and extreme polarization in societies across the world. The chapter begins by outlining different conceptualizations of culture since our understanding of intercultural competence hinges on our understanding of culture. Culture has for long been defined as shared values but increasingly has come to mean contested sites of ideological struggles between different positionalities of power. Different intercultural competence models are outlined next, emphasizing Byram's intercultural communicative competence model, which argues that foreign language learning should be an essential component. The most important characteristics of different models are summed up in the European Council's Framework for Democratic Culture, which is outlined. Then, the chapter discusses some of the problems inherent in the intercultural competence concept, including the conceptualization of culture as shared equally valued meanings, ignoring power differences between different cultural groups, excluding non‐Western scholars from developing ideas about intercultural competence, and excluding disenfranchised marginalized groups from the intercultural narrative on which the intercultural competence concept is built. Finally, the chapter presents recent critique from intercultural communication scholars that our thinking about intercultural competence needs to move from a largely theoretical endeavor to include a social action component.
Pattern Grammar
Authors: Hunston Susan
Published: January 2025

Pattern grammar is based on the corpus investigation of individual words, especially adjectives, nouns, and verbs. It exploits the fact that each word is regularly complemented by specific phrase or clause types and not with others. Pattern grammar has been used to give grammar information in learners' dictionaries and in reference books that list the patterns of English and the words that occur with them. The words that share a pattern also tend to share aspects of meaning. This observation has been used in language teaching and also in discourse analysis. Pattern grammar has been aligned with theoretical approaches such as frame semantics, construction grammar, and systemic‐functional linguistics.
Speech Acts and Grammar
Authors: Golato Andrea , Golato Peter
Published: January 2025

Linguists and language philosophers have long since recognized that language is used not only to describe states of affairs and events but also to do certain things (for instance, complaining, praising, etc.). The acts that a speaker performs when uttering a sentence are called speech acts. The term speech act goes back to the language philosophers John L. Austin and John R. Searle. The encyclopedic entry discusses what speech acts are, how they were defined by Austin and Searle, and how they are connected to syntactic theory. We then briefly describe some of the criticisms which have been leveled at speech act theory from other discourse perspectives. In the next step, we point to more recent theoretical work trying to overcome these criticisms. We also briefly describe efforts to incorporate speech act theory into syntactic frameworks. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the fields in which speech act theory has been used.
Speech Acts and Grammar in Spanish
Authors: Asención‐Delaney Yuly , Urzúa Alfredo
Published: January 2025

A topic of interest in the study of speech acts has to do with the relationship between the communicative purpose conveyed by a speech act and the grammatical repertoire used by speakers to formulate it. Given that speech acts can be expressed directly or indirectly, such relationships can be highly variable. On the other hand, researchers have observed that speakers do rely, in some cases, on specific grammatical structures to formulate speech acts, while educators have started to explore how these connections can be exploited for pedagogical purposes, especially in second‐language contexts. In this entry, after a general discussion of speech acts, we present some of the research conducted on the relationship between aspects of speech acts (politeness, pragmatic variation, and second‐language learning) and grammatical forms and structures in Spanish.
Researching Writing: Mixed Methods Research
Authors: Pessoa Silvia , Mitchell Thomas D.
Published: January 2025

It is increasingly common for researchers to rely on a combination of methods to study writing. Mixing methods allows for the triangulation of data and analytical methods that can better help researchers inform their interpretation of results and support their conclusions. The methods chosen are indicative of the researcher's views about writing—whether they view it to be, for example, an expressive, social, situated, or cognitive activity. In this entry, we showcase mixed methods research that largely reflects our orientation to writing as a highly complex and contextualized social activity that involves writers using language to make meaning to achieve their goals. We describe three computer‐aided corpus‐based studies that are driven by a quantitative approach and supplemented with qualitative interpretations of the findings. We also describe three design‐based research studies that have used multiple qualitative methods. The combination of mixed methods in these studies has enriched the researchers' ability to provide interpretations that led to recommendations for improved pedagogical approaches.
Bilingual and Multilingual Language Learning Strategies
Authors: Komorowska Hanna , Krajka Jarosław
Published: January 2025

Awareness of successful strategies used by learners in their path to L2 and L3 proficiency, both inside the classroom and on their own outside it, helps understand how multilingualism can be achieved. Successful use of strategies may compensate for the lack in education or insufficient exposure to one of the languages in family contexts. The chapter makes an overview of steps and operations that bi‐ and multilingual learners consciously or unconsciously take when acquiring language subsystems and skills. Strategies applied by children, adolescents, and adults are given separately, with a division into grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, receptive, and productive skills.
Languaging and Reading
Authors: Bloome David , Power‐Carter Stephanie
Published: January 2025

The shift from language to languaging requires a reconceptualization of reading and reading instruction. A languaging perspective of reading begins with defining reading as action, as doing, within the context of situated and historical social practices, as a transitive verb. From a languaging perspective, the questions to ask about reading include: How is reading? Who is reading what? Where? When? With whom? In what social, cultural, economic, and historical contexts? With what consequences?
Gaming as a Pedagogical Technique
Authors: González‐Lloret Marta
Published: January 2025

Gaming as a pedagogical technique is based on the idea that incorporating games (vernacular or educational) in a well‐developed language learning curriculum can be an effective technique to increase language engagement and motivation, while helping students become part of a community of speakers (or affinity group) which uses the target language as the main medium of communication. This entry reviews some of the current research on games for language learning and highlights what is that makes games an effective tool for language learning. Bringing games to the language classroom requires (as with any other innovation) a well‐developed curriculum that supports and harvests the possibilities of any game. The entry includes recommendations for teachers who are willing to incorporate games and points out some of the challenges that teachers may encounter when trying to bring games into the language classroom. Finally, a few directions for future research and development are suggested.
Overview of Ruthenium Thin Films Annealed by Microsecond Scanning UV Pulsed Laser: Structural, Electrical, and Failure Modes Analysis
Authors: Daubriac Richard , Cancellara Leonardo , Chehadi Zeinab , Lu Lu , Thuries Louis , Khaled Mohamed Ali , Roze Fabien , Jourdan Nicolas , Tokei Zsolt , Descamps‐Mandine Armel , Hungria Teresa , Fazzini Pier‐Francesco , Tabata Toshiyuki , Huet Karim
Published: January 2025

Ruthenium (Ru) has been identified as a durable and relevant substitute to copper (Cu) to answer the access resistance lowering of the back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) metal levels, which is a high‐priority concern for future devices. Herein, the nonequilibrium and local properties of pulsed scanning laser annealing (SLA) technique are used to enhance the structural and electrical properties of thin polycrystalline Ru layers (<30 nm). For the best annealing conditions, transmission electron microscopy observations show a substantial grain size enlargement, with large grains (≈80 nm) occupying the whole layer height. It goes with a 53% resistivity reduction, measured by 4‐point probe, confirming the strong grain boundary scattering reduction. A Mayadas–Shatzkes model incorporating temperature‐dependent resistivity measurements allows the extraction of promising reflectivity and specularity coefficients of around 0.58 and 0.98, respectively. Beyond the best conditions, failure modes for devices integration are observed, such as surface wrinkling and local buckling. Given the studied system, a semiquantitative analysis of these phenomena is given and simulations based on the finite element method are used to find further optimal annealing conditions. This study confirms the potential of Ru as a promising BEOL material, but also SLA as a convincing technique for future 3D architectures.
Colloid‐Forming Prodrug‐Hydrogel Composite Prolongs Lower Intraocular Pressure in Rodent Eyes after Subconjunctival Injection
Authors: Dang Mickael , Slaughter Kai V. , Cui Hong , Jiang Christopher , Zhou Lisa , Matthew David J. , Sivak Jeremy M. , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: January 2025

Colloidal drug aggregates (CDAs) are challenging in drug discovery due to their unpredictable formation and interference with screening assays. These limitations are turned into a strategic advantage by leveraging CDAs as a drug delivery platform. This study explores the deliberate formation and stabilization of CDAs for local ocular drug delivery, using a modified smallmolecule glaucoma drug. A series of timolol prodrugs are synthesized and self‐assembled into CDAs. Of four prodrugs, timolol palmitate CDAs have a critical aggregate concentration of 2.72 µM and sustained in vitro release over 28 d. Timolol palmitate CDAs are dispersed throughout in situ gelling hyaluronan‐oxime hydrogel and injected into the subconjunctival space of rat eyes. The intraocular pressure is significantly reduced for at least 49 d with a single subconjunctival injection of timolol‐palmitate CDAs compared to 6 h for conventional timolol maleate. The systemic blood concentrations of timolol are significantly lower, even after 6 h, for timolol palmitate CDA‐loaded hydrogel versus free timolol maleate, thereby potentially reducing the risk of systemic side effects. This innovative approach redefines the role of CDAs and provides a framework for long‐acting ocular therapeutics, shifting their perception from a drug screening challenge to a powerful tool for sustained local drug delivery.
Monitoring HIV Antiretroviral Therapy via Aptamer‐Based Measurements in Preclinical Animal Models, in Human Plasma
Authors: Li Jing , Clark Vincent , Yu Chen‐Hsu , Scida Karen , Aller Pellitero Miguel , Rivera Rolando L. Albarracín , Zhong Wenrui , Demek Erin , Fountain Jeffrey , Mahlum J.D. , Haaland Richard E. , Carr Gregory V. , Sczepanski Jonathan , Arroyo‐Currás Netzahualcóyotl
Published: January 2025

Monitoring the concentration of antiretroviral drugs is critical to ensuring patient adherence to HIV treatment and prevention regimens, which is crucial for drug efficacy. These tools may also be useful for screening samples at blood donation centers to avert potential new infections. The current benchmark method to support antiretroviral drug monitoring, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC‐MS), requires centralized facilities with costly instrumentation, and has blood‐to‐result turnaround times of days to weeks, making it impractical for effective drug monitoring. Seeking to overcome this issue, an aptamer is developed for the antiretroviral drug emtricitabine, which is present in most antiretroviral combination therapies in the market and used for both infection management and prevention. The aptamer has clinically relevant sensitivity in biofluids and is highly selective relative to close analogs such as cytosine, cytidine, fluorocytidine, and lamivudine (a.k.a. 3TC). Using this aptamer, two analytical assays are developed, one for continuous, in‐vivo emtricitabine monitoring in rodent research models, and one for rapid and high‐throughput screening of emtricitabine levels in human plasma. Through blinded analytical validation, this clinical assay achieved an 86.9% positive and 100% negative correlation, with an overall agreement rate of 95% relative to the benchmark LC‐MS method.
Recent Advances and Perspectives on Coupled Water Electrolysis for Energy‐Saving Hydrogen Production
Authors: Li Jiachen , Ma Yuqiang , Mu Xiaogang , Wang Xuanjun , Li Yang , Ma Haixia , Guo Zhengxiao
Published: January 2025

Overall water splitting (OWS) to produce hydrogen has attracted large attention in recent years due to its ecological‐friendliness and sustainability. However, the efficiency of OWS has been forced by the sluggish kinetics of the four‐electron oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The replacement of OER by alternative electrooxidation of small molecules with more thermodynamically favorable potentials may fundamentally break the limitation and achieve hydrogen production with low energy consumption, which may also be accompanied by the production of more value‐added chemicals than oxygen or by electrochemical degradation of pollutants. This review critically assesses the latest discoveries in the coupled electrooxidation of various small molecules with OWS, including alcohols, aldehydes, amides, urea, hydrazine, etc. Emphasis is placed on the corresponding electrocatalyst design and related reaction mechanisms (e.g., dual hydrogenation and N–N bond breaking of hydrazine and C═N bond regulation in urea splitting to inhibit hazardous NCO− and NO− productions, etc.), along with emerging alternative electrooxidation reactions (electrooxidation of tetrazoles, furazans, iodide, quinolines, ascorbic acid, sterol, trimethylamine, etc.). Some new decoupled electrolysis and self‐powered systems are also discussed in detail. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects of coupled water electrolysis systems are highlighted to aid future research directions.
Multiple genotypes of Phelipanche ramosa indicate repeated introduction to the Americas
Authors: Schneider Adam C.
Published: January 2025

Premise

Phelipanche ramosa is an economically damaging parasitic plant that has been reported in North America since the late 1800s. While this species comprises a variety of genetically distinct host races in its native range, the genetic composition of adventive populations in the New World remains unexplored. On the basis of morphological and ecological variation, some have suggested that the closely related P. nana may also be present.

Methods

Genome skimming was used to assess the relationships of 30 populations of Phelipanche spanning the geographic and host ranges in North and South America, plus one P. nana reference population from Lebanon.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis indicated four distinct genetic groups, though plastome and nrDNA data supported conflicting signals of relationships among them. First, specimens from Chilean tomato fields were nearly indistinguishable genetically from the reference P. nana. Second, a pair of samples from Virginia showed similar nrDNA as the first group, but divergent plastomes. The remaining 24 samples sorted into two groups, one which parasitizes cultivated plants, especially tomato, and the other on roadside weeds in different parts of the United States.

Conclusions

The geographic and ecological cohesiveness of four distinct genetic groups supports a hypothesis of multiple introductions to the Americas, presumably from Eurasia, followed by little to no subsequent gene flow among them. However, such groups do not align with existing morphological or ecological species concepts for P. ramosa and P. nana. In practice, threat assessment of Phelipanche populations to agricultural settings should be evaluated regionally given the phylogeographic and ecological heterogeneity.
Deciphering pH Mismatching at the Electrified Electrode–Electrolyte Interface towards Understanding Intrinsic Water Molecule Oxidation Kinetics
Authors: Wang Miao , Sakaushi Ken
Published: January 2025

Unveiling the key influencing factors towards electrode/electrolyte interface control is a long‐standing challenge for a better understanding of microscopic electrode kinetics, which is indispensable to building up guiding principles for designer electrocatalysts with desirable functionality. Herein, we exemplify the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via water molecule oxidation with the iridium dioxide electrocatalyst and uncovered the significant mismatching effect of pH between local electrode surface and bulk electrolyte: the intrinsic OER activity under acidic or near‐neutral condition was deciphered to be identical by adjusting this pH mismatching. This result indicates that the local pH effect at the electrified solid–liquid interface plays the main role in the “fake” OER performance. This local pH effect on the OER electrode process is further verified by integrating a wide spectrum of analytical approaches. This study will accelerate the understanding of the local proton‐induced effect on electrode interface processes and the development of advanced electrochemical activity.
Electrolyte Chemistry Towards Ultra‐High Voltage (4.7 V) And Ultra‐Wide Temperature (−30 to 70 °C) LiCoO2 Batteries
Authors: Yang Wenming , Chen Wen , Zou Hanqing , Lai Jiawei , Zeng Xueyi , Zhang Yuping , Zeng Xing , Ding Kui , Zhang Shiwei , Ma Liang , Li Zhongliang , Zheng Qifeng
Published: January 2025

LiCoO2 batteries for 3 C electronics demand high charging voltage and wide operating temperature range, which are virtually impossible for existing electrolytes due to aggravated interfacial parasitic reactions and sluggish kinetics. Herein, we report an electrolyte design strategy based on a partially fluorinated ester solvent (i.e., DFEA) that achieves a balance between weak Li+‐solvent interactions, sufficient salt dissociation, high interfacial stability, and superior thermal stability to address the aforementioned challenges. The resulting high‐voltage wide‐temperature electrolyte (HWE) not only possesses low desolvation energy, fast Li+ transport, high oxidation stability, excellent thermal‐abuse tolerance and non‐flammability, but also enables the formation of both inorganic‐rich cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Owing to the above merits, this HWE endows the highly stable operation of LiCoO2 cathodes under an ultra‐high voltage of 4.7 V and Graphite || LiCoO2 batteries in an ultra‐wide temperature range of −30 to 70 °C. Meanwhile, a 1.7 Ah‐level 4.6 V Graphite || LiCoO2 pouch cell with a high energy density of 240 Wh kg−1 also delivers excellent cycling stability, representing a significant advancement in the design of electrolytes towards ultra‐high voltage and ultra‐wide temperature batteries.
Accessing Azetidines through Magnesium‐Mediated Nitrogen Group Transfer from Iminoiodinane to Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Bansode Ajay H. , Yin Lifeng , Deng Ning , Afrasi Mahmoud , Zhu Yiyi , Parasram Marvin
Published: January 2025

Herein, we report a Lewis acid‐mediated ring expansion of donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes (DACs) to substituted azetidines via nucleophilic nitrogen group transfer from readily accessible iminoiodinane. This protocol operates under mild, transition‐metal‐free conditions, and showcases excellent chemoselectivity, along with broad functional group tolerance. We report for the first time that challenging alkyl donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes can undergo ring expansion leading to aliphatic azetidines without relying on external oxidants or precious transition‐metal catalysts. Mechanistically, the coordination of a magnesium (Mg)‐Lewis acid to the DAC promotes nucleophilic ring opening with a putative Mg‐amide species generated from the iminoiodinane under the reaction conditions to furnish the azetidine products.
Right atrial and ventricular clot as a cause of peri‐arrest during caesarean birth requiring immediate thrombectomy
Authors: Golan A. , Azem K. , Gogol A. , Weiss L. , Gorfil D. , Fein S. , Orbach‐Zinger S.
Published: January 2025

Venous thromboembolic disease remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a 30‐year‐old woman at 37+6 gestation with a history of thalassaemia intermedia and splenectomy. During pregnancy, she had been managed with frequent blood transfusions and enoxaparin. She was admitted for induction of labour, and during labour, she developed pre‐eclampsia with severe features. Despite magnesium sulphate therapy, she had a short self‐terminating seizure shortly after an epidural had been sited. A decision to proceed with an urgent caesarean birth under epidural anaesthesia was made. After birth, she had another seizure associated with oxygen desaturation. Bag‐valve‐mask ventilation was insufficient, prompting conversion to general anaesthesia and tracheal intubation, after which cardiac collapse developed. Resuscitation was initiated and bedside cardiac ultrasound revealed a large clot‐in‐transit through the right atrium and ventricle, prompting immediate transfer to cardiac theatres for thrombectomy. The thrombus was successfully removed. The patient recovered well and her trachea was extubated the next day. She was discharged in a stable condition 8 days later. This case highlights the critical role of point‐of‐care ultrasound in the prompt diagnosis of life‐threatening conditions and guiding emergency interventions.
A Copper Sulfide Doped 2D‐MXene‐Based Ultrasensitive Label‐Free Electrochemical Immunosensor for EpCAM Antigen Detection
Authors: Sweety  , Paneru Saroj , Kumar Devendra
Published: January 2025

Herein, a novel CuS‐anchored 2D‐Ti3C2Tx composite material was synthesized by a one‐pot hydrothermal method. This CuS/Ti3C2Tx hybrid was used to prepare a novel label‐free electrochemical immunosensor for EpCAM antigen detection. The immunosensor has been fabricated by electrophoretic deposition of CuS/Ti3C2Tx hybrid onto the ITO electrode followed by the immobilization of anti‐EpCAM. The electrochemical biosensing studies of this fabricated immunosensor, BSA/anti‐EpCAM/CuS/Ti3C2Tx@ITO demonstrated a wide linear range (0.01 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL) and low LOD (0.0057 fg/mL), together with high sensitivity (461.85 μA fg−1 mL cm−2) for EpCAM antigen detection. The clinical validation of the proposed immunosensor was conducted with serum samples. Moreover, the immunosensor was found to be reproducible, specific, selective, and stable over a long period of 42 days.
Chaotic fun! Promoting active recall of anatomical structures and relationships using the Catch‐Phrase game
Authors: Cale Andrew S. , McNulty Margaret A.
Published: January 2025

Active recall, the act of recalling knowledge from memory, and games‐based learning, the use of games and game elements for learning, are well‐established as effective strategies for learning gross anatomy. An activity that applies both principles is Catch‐Phrase, a fast‐paced word guessing game. In Anatomy Catch‐Phrase, players must get their teammates to identify an anatomical term by describing its features, functions, or relationships without saying the term itself. Once a teammate guesses the term, players switch roles and continue play with the next term(s) until time runs out. Meanwhile, the instructor notes common errors and reviews knowledge gaps with the team at the end of the round. Prior to the first exam, a seven‐question evaluation was distributed to the health professional students. A total of 18 dissection lab groups (86%) played one round of Anatomy Catch‐Phrase, with many groups playing multiple times. After the first exam, 73 students (61%) completed the evaluation. On a five‐point scale, most students indicated they enjoyed Anatomy Catch‐Phrase (4.3 ± 0.9), highly recommended it (4.2 ± 0.9), and wanted to play it in the future (4.3 ± 1.0). Most students also found the game relevant to the course material (4.5 ± 0.8), useful for reviewing (3.9 ± 0.9), and helped reinforce their knowledge (3.9 ± 0.9). Anatomy Catch‐Phrase was highly rated, with a score of 4.3 ± 0.9. Multiple students also provided enthusiastic unsolicited comments, such as ‘LOVED IT! A fun way to study anatomy!:)’. Overall, Anatomy Catch‐Phrase was well‐received as a fun activity for reviewing the anatomy relevant to the course.
Development and Validation of a Green Spectrofluorimetric Method for Nateglinide Quantification: Utilizing AR87 as a Probe With Box–Behnken Optimization and Quantum Mechanical Calculations
Authors: Alqahtani Ali , Alqahtani Taha , Alshehri Adil , Almrasy Ahmed A.
Published: January 2025

In this study, a sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of the antidiabetic drug nateglinide based on its reaction with the xanthene dye acid red 87 (AR87). A fluorescence quenching process was observed for the AR87 at 545 nm upon the addition of nateglinide, which was exploited for the quantitative analysis. The reaction mechanism was investigated using quantum mechanical calculations suggesting a transfer between the electron‐rich AR87 and the electron‐deficient nateglinide. Additionally, the stoichiometry of the interaction was determined through Job's method revealing a 1:1 nateglinide–AR87 complex formation. The experimental parameters were optimized using a Box–Behnken design of experiments, including pH, reagent concentration, and buffer volume. The optimized method was validated according to ICH guidelines, demonstrating excellent linearity in the range of 0.1–3.0 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.0320 μg/mL and a quantitation limit of 0.0961 μg/mL. Furthermore, the greenness and blueness of the method were assessed using the AGREE and BAGI indices, indicating an environmentally friendly procedure. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of nateglinide in pharmaceutical dosage forms and spiked human plasma samples posing a promising analytical tool for clinical and quality control applications.
Can Large Language Models Aid Caregivers of Pediatric Cancer Patients in Information Seeking? A Cross‐Sectional Investigation
Authors: Sezgin Emre , Jackson Daniel I. , Kocaballi A. Baki , Bibart Mindy , Zupanec Sue , Landier Wendy , Audino Anthony , Ranalli Mark , Skeens Micah
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Caregivers in pediatric oncology need accurate and understandable information about their child's condition, treatment, and side effects. This study assesses the performance of publicly accessible large language model (LLM)‐supported tools in providing valuable and reliable information to caregivers of children with cancer.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we evaluated the performance of the four LLM‐supported tools—ChatGPT (GPT‐4), Google Bard (Gemini Pro), Microsoft Bing Chat, and Google SGE—against a set of frequently asked questions (FAQs) derived from the Children's Oncology Group Family Handbook and expert input (In total, 26 FAQs and 104 generated responses). Five pediatric oncology experts assessed the generated LLM responses using measures including accuracy, clarity, inclusivity, completeness, clinical utility, and overall rating. Additionally, the content quality was evaluated including readability, AI disclosure, source credibility, resource matching, and content originality. We used descriptive analysis and statistical tests including Shapiro–Wilk, Levene's, Kruskal–Wallis H‐tests, and Dunn's post hoc tests for pairwise comparisons.

Results

ChatGPT shows high overall performance when evaluated by the experts. Bard also performed well, especially in accuracy and clarity of the responses, whereas Bing Chat and Google SGE had lower overall scores. Regarding the disclosure of responses being generated by AI, it was observed less frequently in ChatGPT responses, which may have affected the clarity of responses, whereas Bard maintained a balance between AI disclosure and response clarity. Google SGE generated the most readable responses whereas ChatGPT answered with the most complexity. LLM tools varied significantly (p < 0.001) across all expert evaluations except inclusivity. Through our thematic analysis of expert free‐text comments, emotional tone and empathy emerged as a unique theme with mixed feedback on expectations from AI to be empathetic.

Conclusion

LLM‐supported tools can enhance caregivers' knowledge of pediatric oncology. Each model has unique strengths and areas for improvement, indicating the need for careful selection based on specific clinical contexts. Further research is required to explore their application in other medical specialties and patient demographics, assessing broader applicability and long‐term impacts.
Disability‐Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to Breast, Cervical, Colorectal and Oral Cancers in Taiwan Regions
Authors: Hsieh Cheng‐Chieh , Chen Si‐Yu , Lin Chun‐Hui , Chen Szu‐Chieh , Liao Chung‐Min
Published: January 2025

Background

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with significant variations in incidence and mortality rates among different cancer types and regions. In Taiwan, breast cancer (BC), cervical cancer (CxCa), colorectal cancer (CRC), and oral cancer (OC) are prevalent and have prompted government‐led screening programs to mitigate their impact. This study aims to assess the burden of these cancers at the county scale using disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) as a metric, focusing on the years 2010, 2015, 2018, 2019, and 2020.

Methods

Data on cancer incidence, mortality, disability weights, and treatment outcomes were sourced from the Taiwan HPA, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and Taiwan Cancer Registry. Years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated for each cancer, considering age, stage, and treatment. The correlation between cancer screening rates and disease burden also conducted.

Results

The analysis highlights significant trends in cancer mortality, incidence, and disease burden in Taiwan from 2010 to 2020. BC and CRC showed rising ASMR and DALYs rates, while CxCa experienced consistent declines. OC had a fluctuating pattern, particularly in eastern regions. YLLs contributed significantly to DALYs for all cancers, emphasizing premature mortality's role in the disease burden. Screening rates, particularly for BC and CxCa, correlated with changes in burden, with BC rates increasing and CxCa decreasing, reflecting the impact of preventive measures on cancer outcomes.

Conclusions

The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and evidence‐informed resource allocation to address regional differences in cancer burden in Taiwan.
Health Situation Among Women Experiencing Homelessness Who Have Been Involved in Prostitution
Authors: González‐Arribas Olga , Panadero Sonia , Torrego Silvia , Vázquez José Juan
Published: January 2025

People in a homeless situation are one of the most obvious embodiments of the phenomenon of social exclusion, and women living homeless are a particularly vulnerable group. The article analyses the differences in health status between women experiencing homelessness who have been involved in prostitution and those who have not. The sample consisted of 135 women experiencing homelessness in Madrid, Spain. From the total sample interviewed, 81% had never been involved in prostitution, while 19% had been in this situation at some point in their lives. The results obtained show that women experiencing homelessness who have been involved in prostitution had poorer health outcomes, with a higher prevalence of diagnosed serious or chronic illnesses and more mental health problems, compared to women experiencing homelessness who had not been involved in prostitution. Considering that health problems most severely affect women experiencing homelessness who have also been involved in prostitution, it seems necessary to design and implement public policies and intervention programmes with a gender‐sensitive approach that are accessible to women in situations of extreme vulnerability.