bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Head and neck cancer readmission reduction (HANCARRE) project: Reducing 30‐day readmissions
Authors: Yang Sara , Adams William , Bier‐Laning Carol
Published: May 2022

Objective

Unplanned 30‐day readmissions result in increased costs and decreased patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to compare readmission rates before and after a multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative that focuses on patient and staff education, use of targeted skilled nursing facilities, and appropriate use of patient observation status.

Methods

This was a quality improvement study of all unplanned admissions to the Head and Neck Oncology service at a tertiary care facility during a 3‐year period between October 2015 and September 2018. In October 2016, when the Head and Neck Oncology service revised its discharge practices for patients undergoing extirpative and/or reconstructive surgery. These changes included enhancing patient education, increasing the use of a skilled nursing facility with directed staff education and patient handoffs by advanced practice nurses, and appropriate utilization of 23‐h observation status for returning patients. The readmission rate from the pre‐intervention era (October 2015 through September 2016) was compared to the readmission rate from the post‐intervention era (October 2016 through September 2018). Secondary outcomes were the rates of 23‐h observation within 30 days of the discharge as well as emergency room visits within 30 days of discharge.

Results

In this sample of 449 patients, 161 (35.9%) were observed before the change‐in‐practice (before October 2016), and 288 (64.1%) were observed following the change‐in‐practice (after September 2016). On univariable analysis, the risk of readmission declined by approximately 41.4% from the pre‐intervention era, though this conclusion was not statistically significant (P = 0.06). On multivariable analysis, patients at moderate or high risk of death were 2.31 times more likely than those at minor risk of death to readmit within 30 days (P = 0.03). Similarly, those with recurrent or persistent cancer were 3.33 times more likely than those undergoing initial curative surgical management of cancer to readmit within 30 days (P = 0.001). No patient characteristics were associated with a 23‐h observation following discharge (all P > 0.05). Conclusions were similar for emergency room visits following discharge.

Conclusions

A three‐part quality improvement strategy resulted in a clinically important decrease in 30‐day readmissions, though the decline was not statistically significant. There were no significant changes in 23‐h observation within 30 days of discharge or emergency room visits within 30 days of discharge.
Correction to: Investigating the Role of Educational Robotics in Formal Mathematics Education: The Case of Geometry for 15-Year-Old Students
Authors: Brender Jérôme , El-Hamamsy Laila , Bruno Barbara , Chessel-Lazzarotto Frédérique , Zufferey Jessica Dehler , Mondada Francesco
Published: May 2022

Chapter “Investigating the Role of Educational Robotics in Formal Mathematics Education: The Case of Geometry for 15-Year-Old Students” was previously published non-open access. It has now been changed to open access under a CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book has also been updated with this change.
Mimetic Challenges of Learning to Be a Democratic Citizen
Authors: Huhtala Hanna-Maija
Published: May 2022

The concept of mimesis can be utilized in educational theorizations of democratic citizenship and in fleshing out learning paths related to citizenship. It offers the possibility to examine citizenship from the viewpoint of an informal way of learning that is, at times, unconscious, and even accidental, and which can lead to unwanted outcomes. Such characteristics of learning are inescapable for human beings and, thus, hold crucial importance for education for democratic citizenship. Drawing on the theory of mimesis, the chapter argues for the importance of acknowledging the mimetic power of emotions. It employs particularly Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer’s account of mimesis in which mimesis is both a possibility and a threat. However, according to them, the modern individual has a strong tendency toward unfavourable mimesis due to an unbalanced human-nature relationship. The overall purpose is to examine how the notion of mimesis can contribute to education for democracy.
The mass spectrum and wave functions of the Bc system
Authors: Wang Guo-Li , Wang Tianghong , Li Qiang , Chang Chao-Hsi
Published: May 2022

Abstract

The spectrum and relativistic wave functions of Bc system are investigated via solving the complete Salpeter equation. Emphases are put on the study of the partial waves of each JP state. Our study shows that there are three categories of JP states. The first category contains 0− and 0+ states, which are 1S0 dominant state with a small amount of P wave and 3P0 dominant state with a small amount of S wave, respectively. The second category includes the natural parity states, such as 1−, 2+, 3−, etc. Taking the 1− state as an example, we study it in two cases. One is the 3S1 dominant state with a small amount of P and D waves, and the other is the 3D1 dominant state but contains a large amount of S and P wave components. The third category includes the unnatural parity states, such as 1+, 2−, 3+, etc. For the 1+ spectrum, the states are grouped into pairs with different radial quantum numbers. Each pair contains two 1P1−3P1 mixing states, and the corresponding mixing angles are calculated by using the relativistic wave functions.
RIP140 inhibits glycolysis-dependent proliferation of breast cancer cells by regulating GLUT3 expression through transcriptional crosstalk between hypoxia induced factor and p53
Authors: Jacquier Valentin , Gitenay Delphine , Fritsch Samuel , Bonnet Sandrine , Győrffy Balázs , Jalaguier Stéphan , Linares Laetitia K. , Cavaillès Vincent , Teyssier Catherine
Published: May 2022

Glycolysis is essential to support cancer cell proliferation, even in the presence of oxygen. The transcriptional co-regulator RIP140 represses the activity of transcription factors that drive cell proliferation and metabolism and plays a role in mammary tumorigenesis. Here we use cell proliferation and metabolic assays to demonstrate that RIP140-deficiency causes a glycolysis-dependent increase in breast tumor growth. We further demonstrate that RIP140 reduces the transcription of the glucose transporter GLUT3 gene, by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of hypoxia inducible factor HIF-2α in cooperation with p53. Interestingly, RIP140 expression was significantly associated with good prognosis only for breast cancer patients with tumors expressing low GLUT3, low HIF-2α and high p53, thus confirming the mechanism of RIP140 anti-tumor activity provided by our experimental data. Overall, our work establishes RIP140 as a critical modulator of the p53/HIF cross-talk to inhibit breast cancer cell glycolysis and proliferation.
Process-related characteristic–based topography evaluation of wear conditions on grinding wheels
Authors: Strug Maikel , Denkena Berend , Breidenstein Bernd , Krödel-Worbes Alexander
Published: May 2022

Non-productive auxiliary processes affect the single part and small badge production of milling tools. The key production process grinding is inevitably linked to the auxiliary conditioning process. The time demand of those process steps decreases the overall productivity of the manufacturing process. However, today the machine operator decides on conditioning cycles individually by the use of experience. Until today, there is no objective data based approach available that supports the initiation of these conditioning processes or the adaption of the grinding process itself in order to improve its process efficiency. For this purpose, a process-related topography evaluation method of the grinding wheel surface is developed within this study. For the measurement, an optical method based on laser triangulation is used. The measurement system is implemented into a common tool grinding machine tool. In addition, characteristic topography values are defined that show the wear conditions of the grinding tool. Moreover, the data is summarized in a database of wear conditions. The developed measurement method can save grinding and dressing tool resources, process times and minimizes scrap parts. In addition, an adaptation of the process and a targeted launch of auxiliary processes can be enabled. The novel characteristic-based topography measurement creates the opportunity to enhance the tool life of the grinding wheels up to 30% without losing productivity.
Impact of instrumental settings in electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry on the analysis of O-methoxyethyl-O-methyl cellulose: a comprehensive quantitative evaluation
Authors: Schleicher Sarah , Horoba Dominik , Krafzig Philip , Mischnick Petra
Published: May 2022

The hydroxyethyl substitution along and among the polymer chains of respective cellulose ethers (HEC and HEMC) can be analyzed by ESI-IT-MS after permethylation of the free OH-groups, partial hydrolysis, and mABA labeling. This method requires the correct quantification of the molar ratios of the constituents belonging to a particular degree of polymerization (DP) with respect to their numbers of MeOEt and Me groups without any discrimination along the MS analysis pathway. The influence of the chemistry on the ionization and the impact of the voltages controlling the ion transport (Cap Exit, Octopoles) and the ion storage efficiency (Trap Drive, TD) on a relative quantification were studied using binary equimolar mixtures of cellobiose with increasing number of methoxyethyl and decreasing number of methyl groups (Δ m/z 88, 2× MeOEt). No suppression effects were observed in concentration-dependent measurements. Choice of Cap Exit is especially crucial for low m/z with less MeOEt residues. An equation describing the relationship between Oct 2 DC, m/z, and TDmax (TD at maximum intensity) was established from the experimental data and applied to calculate TDmax for higher DPs (larger COS). Optimized conditions allowed to determine the correct molar ratio of binary mixtures. Measurements of overlapping m/z segments and subsequent interrelation of the data gave complete substitution profiles for MeOEt/Me celluloses in accordance with reference data. The study generally makes aware of potential erroneous quantification in ESI-IT-MS analysis using internal standards of similar chemistry or in relative quantification of analytes, even for those with related structures.

Graphical abstract
Translating PUFA omega 6:3 ratios from wild to captive hibernators (Urocitellus parryii) enhances sex-dependent mass-gain without increasing physiological stress indicators
Authors: Mikes Monica , Rice Sarah A. , Bibus Doug , Kitaysky Alexander , Drew Kelly L.
Published: May 2022

Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are well-documented for their influence on health and weight loss. Recent studies indicate omega 3 PUFAs may exert a negative impact on cellular stress and physiology in some hibernators. We asked if physiological stress indicators, lipid peroxidation and mass gain in Arctic Ground Squirrels (AGS) were negatively influenced by naturally occurring dietary omega 3 PUFA levels compared to omega 3 PUFA levels found in common laboratory diets. We found plasma fatty acid profiles of free-ranging AGS to be high in omega 3 PUFAs with balanced omega 6:3 ratios, while standard laboratory diets and plasma of captive AGS are high in omega 6 and low in omega 3 PUFAs with higher omega 6:3 ratios. Subsequently, we designed a diet to mimick free-range AGS omega 6:3 ratios in captive AGS. Groups of wild-caught juvenile AGS were either fed: (1) Mazuri Rodent Chow (Standard Rodent chow, 4.95 omega 6:3 ratio), or (2) balanced omega 6:3 chow (Balanced Diet, 1.38 omega 6:3). AGS fed the Balanced Diet had plasma omega 6:3 ratios that mimicked plasma profiles of wild AGS. Balanced Diet increased female body mass before hibernation, but did not influence levels of cortisol in plasma or levels of the lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE in brown adipose tissue. Overall, as the mass gain is critical during pre-hibernation for obligate hibernators, the results show that mimicking a fatty acid profile of wild AGS facilitates sex-dependent mass accumulation without increasing stress indicators.
A constrained optimization model for the provision of services in a 5G network with multi-level cybersecurity investments
Authors: Cappello Giorgia M. , Colajanni Gabriella , Daniele Patrizia , Sciacca Daniele
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we present a multi-tiered network-based optimization model describing the provision of services by network slices of 5G-Service providers (e.g. through Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) organized as Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANET)), taking into account the security levels of each provider. The three levels of the network consist of the infrastructure layers, which contain resources needed to execute a service, the slices layer, where services are served for the services layer, which represents the upper layer of the network and consists of services or applications required by users or devices. The objective of the proposed model is to establish the optimal flows between network layers and the optimal security levels in order to maximize the providers’ profits, given by the difference between the revenues obtained by the sale of services and the rental of their resources and the costs. Numerical experiments are performed and solved with a new nature-inspired genetic algorithm adapted to the optimization 5G network problem.
Prioritization of healthcare systems during pandemics using Cronbach’s measure based fuzzy WASPAS approach
Authors: Deveci Muhammet , Krishankumar Raghunathan , Gokasar Ilgin , Tuna Deveci Rumeysa
Published: May 2022

Pandemics are well-known as epidemics that spread globally and cause many illnesses and mortality. Because of globalization, the accelerated occurrence and circulation of new microbes, the infection has emerged and the incidence and movement of new microbes have sped up. Using technological devices to minimize the visit durations, specifying days for handling chronic diseases, subsidy for the staff are the alternatives that can help prevent healthcare systems from collapsing during pandemics. The study aims to define the efficient usage of optimization tools during pandemics to prevent healthcare systems from collapsing. In this study, a new integrated framework with fuzzy information is developed, which attempts to prioritize these alternatives for policymakers. First, rating data are assigned respective fuzzy values using the standard singleton grades. Later, criteria weights are determined by extending Cronbach´s measure to fuzzy context. The measure not only understands data consistency comprehensively, but also takes into consideration the attitudinal characteristics of experts. By this approach, a rational weight vector is obtained for decision-making. Further, an improved Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) algorithm is put forward for ranking alternatives, which is flexibly considering criteria along with personalized ordering and holistic ordering alternatives. The usefulness of the developed framework is tested with the help of a real case study. Rank values of alternatives when unbiased weights are used is given by 0.741, 0.582, 0.640 with ordering as $$R_{1} \succ R_{3} \succ R_{2}$$

R
1

≻

R
3

≻

R
2

. The sensitivity/comparative analysis reveals the impact of the proposed model as useful in selecting the best alternative for the healthcare systems during pandemics.
Inverted human umbilical artery as a 3D scaffold for sciatic nerve regeneration in rats
Authors: Lecoq Flore-Anne , Barnouin Laurence , Ardouin Ludovic , Hartmann Daniel , Obert Laurent
Published: May 2022

Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) remains a challenge. Interposing a graft delivers better regenerative outcomes. Autografts present major drawbacks which have given rise to the development of alternatives such as artificial scaffolds, some of which are very promising. This study was designed to investigate the potential use of an inverted human umbilical cord artery (iHUA) as a 3D scaffold nerve chamber, for nerve regeneration after transection of the sciatic nerve (SN) in rats. Rats underwent surgical SN transection in their right hindlimb, followed by suture of the device at the resected stumps. Local tolerance, insert biodegradability and nerve reconstruction over time were thoroughly studied by histopathological and morphometric analysis, completed by functional test assessment of sensitivity and motricity recovery. We have demonstrated that nerve reconstruction in the presence of an iHUA insert is effective. The device is well tolerated and highly biodegraded. Although the regenerated nerve is still immature at the end of our study, signs of sensitivity and partial functional recovery were witnessed, confirming our histological findings. Our results support the potential clinical use of iHUA as a 3D scaffold to bridge nerve discontinuity and guide axonal regrowth in selected cases of PNIs.
Life at the Salty Edge of Empire: The Maritime Cultural Landscape at the Orange Saltpan on Bonaire, 1821–1960
Authors: Stelten Ruud , Antczak Konrad A.
Published: May 2022

The early modern history of the Dutch Caribbean island of Bonaire has to a large extent been influenced by its most valuable resource: solar salt. Through a multidisciplinary approach combining a landscape study, underwater and terrestrial archaeological surveys, and documentary research, the maritime cultural landscape of Bonaire’s southernmost saltpan is analyzed holistically, revealing new aspects of the lives of the people who lived and toiled there.
Early response to JAK inhibitors on central sensitization and pain catastrophizing in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Salaffi Fausto , Carotti Marina , Farah Sonia , Ceccarelli Luca , Giovagnoni Andrea , Di Carlo Marco
Published: May 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the effect of 4 weeks of treatment with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) on central sensitization (CS) and pain catastrophizing, and to determine the pain-related variables predictive of disease activity improvement, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Consecutive RA patients with active disease starting a JAKi have been enrolled in this prospective observational study. Patients have been assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. The evaluation was comprehensive of disease activity [Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and ultrasonographic (US) score] and of questionnaires aimed at investigating primarily CS [Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI)] and pain catastrophizing [Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)]. Differences (Δ values) between the final and baseline were studied with the t test, Δ values of the variables were correlated with each other using Pearson’s test, and predictor variables for improvement in SDAI were also investigated using multivariate regression analysis.

Results

A total of 115 patients were evaluated. Overall, all variables demonstrated significant improvement between baseline and final except the US score. In particular, CSI decreased from 36.73 to 32.57 (p < 0.0001), PCS decreased from 32.46 to 28.72 (p = 0.0001). ΔSDAI showed a significant correlation with both ΔPCS and ΔCSI (r = 0.466 and 0.386, respectively, p < 0.0001). ΔPCS was the only variable predictive of an improvement in SDAI (coefficient = 0.500, p = 0.0224).

Conclusion

JAKis would appear to have a positive effect on pain-related variables, particularly CS and pain catastrophizing, for the genesis of which extra-synovial mechanisms are responsible.
Seasonal ammonium uptake kinetics of four brown macroalgae: Implications for use in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture
Authors: Smart Joanna N. , Schmid Matthias , Paine Ellie R. , Britton Damon , Revill Andrew , Hurd Catriona L.
Published: May 2022

The combined culture of fed species (bivalves, fish) and macroalgae, known as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), has been suggested as a method of mitigating localised nitrogen (N) increase from aquaculture, whilst simultaneously culturing macroalgae for commercial applications. The development of IMTA requires an understanding of the N ecophysiology of candidate macroalga species. We examined seasonal variations in ammonium (NH4+) uptake kinetics, carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio, pigment content and soluble tissue N of four macroalgae of the phylum Ochrophyta,Ecklonia radiata, Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia corrugata,andPhyllospora comosa,from Tasmania, Australia. This study aimed to determine, (1) if the N physiology of the four macroalgal species was suitable for IMTA applications and (2) whether the species had seasonal variations in N ecophysiology which would influence their suitability for IMTA.Macrocystis pyrifera,L. corrugata,andE. radiataexhibited saturable NH4+uptake kinetics, with a maximum uptake rate (Vmax) during spring, summer and autumn of 200, 45.8 and 45 μmol gDW-1h-1and half-saturation constants (Ks) of 361.3, 104.2 and 121 μM, respectively.Phyllospora comosaexhibited biphasic uptake patterns for three out of four months sampled. There were no noticeable seasonal patterns in pigment content or soluble tissue N for any species. C:N ratios increased from spring (October) to autumn (March) in bothE. radiata(28.34 – 47.83) andP. comosa(24.99 – 51.62),indicating progressive N limitation though summer and into autumn. Results suggest thatM. pyriferaandP. comosaare most suitable for IMTA due to their high NH4+uptake potential.
The Role of Pain Acceptance, Pain Catastrophizing, and Coping Strategies: A Validation of the Common Sense Model in Females Living with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Droppert Kathryn M. , Knowles Simon Robert
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to examine the extent to which illness beliefs, coping styles, pain acceptance, pain catastrophizing, and psychological distress mediate the relationship between fibromyalgia symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in a female cohort diagnosed with Fibromyalgia (n = 151). Measures used included the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Carver Brief COPE scale, Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire Revised, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire, Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales, and European Health Interview Survey Quality of Life 8-item Index. Using structural equation modelling, the final model indicated that fibromyalgia symptom severity had a significant direct influence on illness perceptions and psychological distress. In turn, illness perceptions had a significant direct influence on maladaptive coping, pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and QoL. Pain catastrophizing and maladaptive coping influenced psychological distress, and in turn distress impacted QoL. Acceptance of pain was found to be influenced by maladaptive coping and in turn acceptance of pain influenced QoL.
The hermeneutics of symptoms
Authors: Wardrope Alistair , Reuber Markus
Published: May 2022

The clinical encounter begins with presentation of an illness experience; but throughout that encounter, something else is constructed from it – a symptom. The symptom is a particular interpretation of that experience, useful for certain purposes in particular contexts. The hermeneutics of medicine – the study of the interpretation of human experience in medical terms – has largely taken the process of symptom-construction to be transparent, focussing instead on how constellations of symptoms are interpreted as representative of particular conditions. This paper examines the hermeneutical activity of symptom-construction more closely. I propose a fourfold account of the clinical function of symptoms: as theoretical entities; as tools for communication; as guides to palliative intervention; and as candidates for medical explanation or intervention. I also highlight roles they might play in illness experience. I use this framework to discuss four potential failures of symptom-interpretation: failure of symptom-type and symptom-token recognition; loss of the complete picture of illness experience through overwhelming emphasis on its symptomatic interpretation; and intersubjective feedback effects of symptom description altering the ill person’s own perceptions of their phenomenal experience. I conclude with some suggestions of potential remedies for failures in the process of symptom-construction.
From representations in predictive processing to degrees of representational features
Authors: Rutar Danaja , Wiese Wanja , Kwisthout Johan
Published: May 2022

Whilst the topic of representations is one of the key topics in philosophy of mind, it has only occasionally been noted that representations and representational features may be gradual. Apart from vague allusions, little has been said on what representational gradation amounts to and why it could be explanatorily useful. The aim of this paper is to provide a novel take on gradation of representational features within the neuroscientific framework of predictive processing. More specifically, we provide a gradual account of two features of structural representations: structural similarity and decoupling. We argue that structural similarity can be analysed in terms of two dimensions: number of preserved relations and state space granularity. Both dimensions can take on different values and hence render structural similarity gradual. We further argue that decoupling is gradual in two ways. First, we show that different brain areas are involved in decoupled cognitive processes to a greater or lesser degree depending on the cause (internal or external) of their activity. Second, and more importantly, we show that the degree of decoupling can be further regulated in some brain areas through precision weighting of prediction error. We lastly argue that gradation of decoupling (via precision weighting) and gradation of structural similarity (via state space granularity) are conducive to behavioural success.
Playing Games with Ais: The Limits of GPT-3 and Similar Large Language Models
Authors: Sobieszek Adam , Price Tadeusz
Published: May 2022

This article contributes to the debate around the abilities of large language models such as GPT-3, dealing with: firstly, evaluating how well GPT does in the Turing Test, secondly the limits of such models, especially their tendency to generate falsehoods, and thirdly the social consequences of the problems these models have with truth-telling. We start by formalising the recently proposed notion of reversible questions, which Floridi & Chiriatti (2020) propose allow one to ‘identify the nature of the source of their answers’, as a probabilistic measure based on Item Response Theory from psychometrics. Following a critical assessment of the methodology which led previous scholars to dismiss GPT’s abilities, we argue against claims that GPT-3 completely lacks semantic ability. Using ideas of compression, priming, distributional semantics and semantic webs we offer our own theory of the limits of large language models like GPT-3, and argue that GPT can competently engage in various semantic tasks. The real reason GPT’s answers seem senseless being that truth-telling is not amongst them. We claim that these kinds of models cannot be forced into producing only true continuation, but rather to maximise their objective function they strategize to be plausible instead of truthful. This, we moreover claim, can hijack our intuitive capacity to evaluate the accuracy of its outputs. Finally, we show how this analysis predicts that a widespread adoption of language generators as tools for writing could result in permanent pollution of our informational ecosystem with massive amounts of very plausible but often untrue texts.
Psychopharmakologische Zwangsbehandlung im Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Querengässer Jan , Efkemann Simone A. , Gather J. , Schiffer B.
Published: May 2022

Das nordrhein-westfälische Maßregelvollzugsgesetz regelte in § 17a Abs. 2 bis vor Kurzem die Zwangsbehandlung einwilligungsunfähiger Patienten zur „Erreichung der Entlassfähigkeit“. Bislang ist wenig über die Effekte derartiger Zwangsbehandlungen auf dieses vorgegebene Ziel bekannt. Ziel der Arbeit stellt daher die Evaluation antipsychotischer Zwangsmedikationen bei gem. § 63 StGB Untergebrachten mit einer Erkrankung aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis dar.

Für alle n = 16 in 2019 entsprechend erfolgten Zwangsmedikationen zur Erreichung der Entlassfähigkeit in 3 Maßregelvollzugsklinken des Landschaftsverbands Westfalen-Lippe wurden direkt vor Erstapplikation sowie 4 Wochen und 6 Monate danach mittels Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) bzw. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) die psychotische Symptomatik und das Funktionsniveau der Patienten durch die Behandelnden bewertet. Die Erreichung weiterer Behandlungsziele sowie Einschätzungen zur Entlassfähigkeit und eine Gesamtbewertung der Zwangsbehandlung wurden ebenfalls erfragt.

Zum ersten Katamnesezeitpunkt ergaben sich eine signifikante Reduktion der PANSS-Faktoren „Positivsymptomatik“ und „erregbar/feindselig“ sowie eine Steigerung des Funktionsniveaus, die sich je leicht abgeschwächt fortsetzten. Auf individueller Ebene zeigte sich nur bei 2 Patienten kein oder ein negativer Effekt. Obwohl die Auswirkungen auf die Behandlungsziele hinter den Erwartungen zurückblieben, bewerteten die Behandler die Maßnahme überwiegend positiv.

Zwangsweise verabreichte Antipsychotika können sich günstig auf das Ziel der „Erreichung der Entlassfähigkeit“ auswirken. Insbesondere eingeschränkte Effekte auf Krankheitseinsicht und die Einsicht in die Notwendigkeit der Medikamenteneinnahme zeigen Limitationen auf, die deutlich machen, dass diese Maßnahme allein nicht ausreicht, um die Entlassfähigkeit herzustellen.
Statistical shape modelling of the human mandible: 3D shape predictions based on external morphometric features
Authors: Pascoletti G.
Published: May 2022

One of the main limitations in subject-centred design approach is represented by getting 3D models of the region of interest. Indeed, 3D reconstruction from imaging data (i.e., computed tomography scans) is expensive and exposes the subject to high radiation doses. Statistical Shape Models (SSMs) are mathematical models able to describe the variability associated to a population and allow predicting new shapes tuning model parameters. These parameters almost never have a physical meaning and so they cannot be directly related to morphometric features. In this study a gender-combined SSM model of the human mandible was setup, using Generalised Procrustes Analysis and Principal Component Analysis on a dataset of fifty mandibles. Twelve morphometric features, able to characterise the mandibular bone and readily collectable during external examinations, were recorded and correlated to SSM parameters by a multiple linear regression approach. Then a cross-validation procedure was performed on a control set to determine the combination of features able to minimise the average deviation between real and predicted shapes. Compactness of the SSM and main modes of deformations have been investigated and results consistent with previous works involving a higher number of shapes were found. A combination of five features was proved to characterise predicted shapes minimising the average error. As completion of the work, a male SSM was developed and performances compared with those of the combined SSM. The features-based model here proposed could represent a useful and easy-to-use tool for the generation of 3D customised models within a virtual interactive design environment.
A hybrid approach to the discrepancy in financial performance’s robustness
Authors: Arcidiacono Sally G. , Rossello Damiano
Published: May 2022

Performance measurement is a crucial ingredient in the industry of investment funds. Mainly grounded on indices of risk-adjusted returns, it requires historical data to estimate the relevant statistics such as the Sharpe ratio. Therefore the measurement process is sensitive to outliers in the time series underlying historical data. Since alternative measures are available for performance evaluation, we propose an iterative methodology for a set of eleven indices (including the Sharpe ratio) in order to: (a) quantify their intrinsic degree of statistical robustness; (b) find different sensitivity to alternative outliers configuration. This methodology is a combination of a reasonable definition of breakdown point and the definition of discrepancy of a finite point set. A suitable Monte Carlo simulation provides numerical evidence of changing sensitivity among all considered performance measures, instead the classical definition of breakdown point only shows lack of robustness among all indices without further specification. Our approach may be useful in choosing the most robust performance measure to be employed in investment management, especially when robust portfolio optimization has to be used.
Transition Metal Atoms Anchored on CuPS3 Monolayer for Enhancing Catalytic Performance of Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Sun Yongxiu , Huang Aijian , Li Zhijie , Fu Yong-Qing , Wang Zhiguo
Published: May 2022

The noble metal such as Pt has been used as the catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but with problems such as scarcity of resources and high cost. Anchoring transition metal atoms onto the catalysts is regarded as a potential approach to solve this problem and enhance the electrocatalytic performance of HER. For this purpose, two-dimensional materials, such as CuPS3 monolayer, are regarded as one of the most ideal carriers for adsorption of metal atoms. However, there is no previous study on this topic. In this paper, we systematically studied microstructures, electronic properties, and electrocatalytic performance of the CuPS3 monolayer anchored with transition metal atoms (e.g., Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) using a density functional theory (DFT). Results showed that all the transition metal atoms are favorably adsorbed onto the CuPS3 monolayer with large binding energies at the top of the Cu atom. The pristine CuPS3 monolayer has a large catalytic inertia for hydrogen evolution reactions, whereas after anchored with transition metal atoms, their catalytic performances have been significantly improved. The Gibbs free energy (ΔGH) is 0.44 eV for the H atom absorbed onto the pristine CuPS3 monolayer, whereas the ΔGH values for the V, Fe, and Ni atoms anchored onto the CuPS3 monolayer are 0.02, 0.11, and 0.09 eV, respectively, which is close to the ΔGH of H atom adsorbed on Pt (e.g., −0.09 eV). At the same time, the influence of hydrogen coverage rate was calculated. The result shows that V adsorbed on CuPS3 monolayer is catalytic active for HER for a large range of hydrogen coverage. Our results demonstrate that anchoring of V atom onto the CuPS3 monolayer is a potentially superior method for making the catalyst for the HER.

Graphical abstract
Gesundheitliche Risikofaktoren der Berufsbilder Zahnarzt/Zahnärztin und Zahnmedizinische Fachangestellte
Authors: Holzgreve F. , Weis T. , Germann U. , Wanke E. M.
Published: May 2022

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Arbeitsabläufen und physischen Risikofaktoren von Zahnärzt/innen (ZA) und Zahnmedizinischen Fachangestellten (ZFA), die zu gesundheitlichen Schäden des Muskel-Skelett-Systems führen. Dabei soll besonders auf das Arbeitsfeld „Patientenmund“ sowie die Arbeitsbelastung und deren Auswirkung auf die Gesundheit eingegangen werden. Ferner werden die optimale Sitzhaltung und physische Anforderungen statischer und repetitiver Behandlungspositionen sowie -haltungen von ZA und ZFA diskutiert.
Shared Data and Algorithms for Deep Learning in Fundamental Physics
Authors: Benato Lisa , Buhmann Erik , Erdmann Martin , Fackeldey Peter , Glombitza Jonas , Hartmann Nikolai , Kasieczka Gregor , Korcari William , Kuhr Thomas , Steinheimer Jan , Stöcker Horst , Plehn Tilman , Zhou Kai
Published: May 2022

We introduce a Python package that provides simple and unified access to a collection of datasets from fundamental physics research—including particle physics, astroparticle physics, and hadron- and nuclear physics—for supervised machine learning studies. The datasets contain hadronic top quarks, cosmic-ray-induced air showers, phase transitions in hadronic matter, and generator-level histories. While public datasets from multiple fundamental physics disciplines already exist, the common interface and provided reference models simplify future work on cross-disciplinary machine learning and transfer learning in fundamental physics. We discuss the design and structure and line out how additional datasets can be submitted for inclusion. As showcase application, we present a simple yet flexible graph-based neural network architecture that can easily be applied to a wide range of supervised learning tasks. We show that our approach reaches performance close to dedicated methods on all datasets. To simplify adaptation for various problems, we provide easy-to-follow instructions on how graph-based representations of data structures, relevant for fundamental physics, can be constructed and provide code implementations for several of them. Implementations are also provided for our proposed method and all reference algorithms.
Experimental Analysis of Geo-spatial Data to Evaluate Urban Greenspace: A Case Study in Dortmund, Germany
Authors: Juergens Carsten , Meyer-Heß M. Fabian
Published: May 2022

Urban greenspace is of high importance for the general public from different points of view. Among others, it is beneficial for recreational activities as well as for cooling effects during summer in urban climate. Many studies investigate urban greenspace from perspectives related to environmental justice or health geography that are usually based on environmental and sociodemographic data of diverse scales or spatial levels of detail and often suffer from high degrees of generalization. To demonstrate the benefit of a higher degree of spatial detail, a representative part of the city of Dortmund (Germany) is selected as study area. A time series of freely available Sentinel-2 images and a freely available digital object height model (DOHM) are used to analyze and describe the spatio-temporal distribution of urban vegetation and its potential effects on the population. Doing so, the Sentinel-2 images are used for the calculation of vegetation indices to identify the active green period of different vegetation land covers. In addition to that, the three-dimensional appearance of vegetation is correlated with the green period to assume the relevance of green land covers for the general public. The results show that an appropriate selection of cloud-free satellite images is of importance for a greenspace analysis. The combination of high resolution 2D and 3D data sets, namely NDVI and plant height information, reveals the spatial distribution of well-equipped greenspace areas with high recreational and health potential as well as poorly-equipped areas in urban neighborhoods, that could be improved.
Factors Affecting Sugar-Containing-Product Prices
Authors: DeLong Karen L. , Trejo-Pech Carlos O.
Published: May 2022

United States (US) sugar policy buffers domestic sugar producers against subsidized and dumped world market sugar resulting in generally higher US sugar prices compared to world prices. A fixed-effects panel regression is used to estimate factors associated with US sugar-containing-product (SCP) retail prices. SCPs are defined by sucrose being a primary ingredient. Explanatory variables in the regression were US sugar prices, SCP characteristics, firm size, firm past financial performance, and macroeconomic variables. Macroeconomic variables, firm past financial performance, and SCP weight were statistically significant in explaining SCP prices. Increases in US sugar prices were not associated with higher SCP prices.
Spanish Validation of the Assessment of Recovery Capital Scale in Clinical Population with Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Sión Ana , Jurado-Barba Rosa , Esteban-Rodríguez Laura , Arias Francisco , Rubio Gabriel ,   InRecovery Group
Published: May 2022

Recovery from alcohol use disorder involves achieving certain resources for positive lifestyle changes, well-being, and long-term abstinence. The present study aims to translate and validate the Assessment Capital Recovery (ARC) in a Spanish clinical sample of individuals with alcohol use disorder, in abstinence. The participants were 184 patients who attended outpatient treatments. They were evaluated with the adapted version of the ARC (Spanish abbreviation: “Valoración del Capital de Recuperación, VCR”) and by WHOQOL-BREF (quality of life scale), in one session. Statistical analysis included the calculation of reliability, convergent validity (relationship with WHOQOL-BREF), specificity and sensitivity, as well as validity based on internal structure (confirmatory factor analysis). VCR scores show appropriate values for reliability (α = .90), and a low convergent validity with WHOQOL-BREF (Rho= .33–.53). The VCR appears to distinguish between patients with early and stable sobriety (χ2= 20.55,p< .01). The ROC curve indicates significant discrimination values (p< .05) for stable recovery (5 years of abstinence) and sensitivity of 85.2% and specificity of 71.2%. Further, confirmatory factor analysis suggests the presence of a single factor, with relatively acceptable values of goodness of fit and factor loadings. We used ULS parameter estimation to study VCR properties, an appropriate tool for assessing recovery in clinical populations of individuals with alcohol use disorder in abstinence.
High-throughput single-сell sequencing in cancer research
Authors: Jia Qingzhu , Chu Han , Jin Zheng , Long Haixia , Zhu Bo
Published: May 2022

With advances in sequencing and instrument technology, bioinformatics analysis is being applied to batches of massive cells at single-cell resolution. High-throughput single-cell sequencing can be utilized for multi-omics characterization of tumor cells, stromal cells or infiltrated immune cells to evaluate tumor progression, responses to environmental perturbations, heterogeneous composition of the tumor microenvironment, and complex intercellular interactions between these factors. Particularly, single-cell sequencing of T cell receptors, alone or in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing, is useful in the fields of tumor immunology and immunotherapy. Clinical insights obtained from single-cell analysis are critically important for exploring the biomarkers of disease progression or antitumor treatment, as well as for guiding precise clinical decision-making for patients with malignant tumors. In this review, we summarize the clinical applications of single-cell sequencing in the fields of tumor cell evolution, tumor immunology, and tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, we analyze the tumor cell response to antitumor treatment, heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, and response or resistance to immune checkpoint immunotherapy. The limitations of single-cell analysis in cancer research are also discussed.
Rapid access to polycyclic N-heteroarenes from unactivated, simple azines via a base-promoted Minisci-type annulation
Authors: Lee Jae Bin , Kim Gun Ha , Jeon Ji Hwan , Jeong Seo Yeong , Lee Soochan , Park Jaehyun , Lee Doyoung , Kwon Youngkook , Seo Jeong Kon , Chun Joong-Hyun , Kang Seok Ju , Choe Wonyoung , Rohde Jan-Uwe , Hong Sung You
Published: May 2022

Conventional synthetic methods to yield polycyclic heteroarenes have largely relied on metal-mediated arylation reactions requiring pre-functionalised substrates. However, the functionalisation of unactivated azines has been restricted because of their intrinsic low reactivity. Herein, we report a transition-metal-free, radical relay π-extension approach to produce N-doped polycyclic aromatic compounds directly from simple azines and cyclic iodonium salts. Mechanistic and electron paramagnetic resonance studies provide evidence for the in situ generation of organic electron donors, while chemical trapping and electrochemical experiments implicate an iodanyl radical intermediate serving as a formal biaryl radical equivalent. This intermediate, formed by one-electron reduction of the cyclic iodonium salt, acts as the key intermediate driving the Minisci-type arylation reaction. The synthetic utility of this radical-based annulative π-extension method is highlighted by the preparation of an N-doped heptacyclic nanographene fragment through fourfold C–H arylation.
Simultaneous stabilization of actin cytoskeleton in multiple nephron-specific cells protects the kidney from diverse injury
Authors: Mukherjee Kamalika , Gu Changkyu , Collins Agnieszka , Mettlen Marcel , Samelko Beata , Altintas Mehmet M. , Sudhini Yashwanth R. , Wang Xuexiang , Bouley Richard , Brown Dennis , Pedro Bradley P. , Bane Susan L. , Gupta Vineet , Brinkkoetter Paul T. , Hagmann Henning , Reiser Jochen , Sever Sanja
Published: May 2022

Chronic kidney diseases and acute kidney injury are mechanistically distinct kidney diseases. While chronic kidney diseases are associated with podocyte injury, acute kidney injury affects renal tubular epithelial cells. Despite these differences, a cardinal feature of both acute and chronic kidney diseases is dysregulated actin cytoskeleton. We have shown that pharmacological activation of GTPase dynamin ameliorates podocyte injury in murine models of chronic kidney diseases by promoting actin polymerization. Here we establish dynamin’s role in modulating stiffness and polarity of renal tubular epithelial cells by crosslinking actin filaments into branched networks. Activation of dynamin’s crosslinking capability by a small molecule agonist stabilizes the actomyosin cortex of the apical membrane against injury, which in turn preserves renal function in various murine models of acute kidney injury. Notably, a dynamin agonist simultaneously attenuates podocyte and tubular injury in the genetic murine model of Alport syndrome. Our study provides evidence for the feasibility and highlights the benefits of novel holistic nephron-protective therapies.
Impact of ruthenium metallic particles on the dissolution of UO2 in nitric acid
Authors: Kaczmarek Thibault , Szenknect Stéphanie , Claparède Laurent , Cabié Martiane , Le Goff Xavier , Mesbah Adel , Podor Renaud , Dacheux Nicolas
Published: May 2022

UO2 pellets incorporating 3 mol.% of Ru was prepared by using a wet chemistry route and then characterised. The speciation, morphology, as well as spatial distribution of Ru in the sintered samples, were determined. The synthesised samples were submitted to dissolution tests in 0.1 M nitric acid at 60 °C and the dissolution of pure UO2 pellets was also studied with and without the presence of Ru metallic particles in the solution. The evolution of the U, Ru, and nitrous acid concentrations in solution was measured and the residues of dissolution were further characterised. The obtained results unambiguously demonstrated the catalytic activity of Ru-metal particles during UO2 dissolution in nitric acid provided that a solid/solid interface existed between UO2 and Ru-metal particles. This positive impact on the dissolution kinetics of UO2 was supported by redox reactions taking place at both nitric acid solution/Ru-metal particles and at Ru-metal particles/UO2 interfaces.