bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCI PREVALENCE IN CANCER PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE CANCER CENTRE – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: MURUGESAN SARAVANAN , TK SUJINA , SAMUEL SAJANI , KE SARATH , RUDRAPATHY PARTHIBAN
Published: July 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MR-coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), as well as their antimicrobial resistance, in various samples from cancer patients in North Kerala.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer centre in North Kerala over a 4-year period from January 2016 to December 2019. During the study, data on all cultures from cancer patients was analyzed. This study was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB). Non-duplicate isolates of staphylococci were included in the study obtained from various clinical specimens. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using automated methods.

Results: During the period of 4 years (2016–2019), a total of 1176 isolates of staphylococci were analyzed, out of which 784 were S. aureus isolates (68%) and 392 (32%) isolates were CoNS. Among CoNS species, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most common species of CoNS, representing 39% and 28% of the total CoNS identified. Overall prevalence of methicillin resistance in S. aureus and CoNS was found to be 50.7% and 55.6%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates showed higher resistance to multiple drugs than methicillin-sensitive staphylococci isolates.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MRS could also be a haul in cancer patients at North Kerala. A higher percentage of MR-CoNS isolates are multidrug resistant than MRSA isolates. Glycopeptides and linezolid still stay the mainstay for treatment for MRS infections.
CLINICAL PROFILE AND ETIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NON-TRAUMATIC MYELOPATHIES USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: BEHERA BIJAYA KUMAR , JENA SUKANTA KUMAR , BEHERA NISARG
Published: July 2021

Objective: The present study was conducted with an objective to identify the etiology of non-traumatic myelopathies of both compressive and non-compressive types with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: This retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with a clinical diagnosis of non-traumatic myelopathy belonging to the age group of 15–75 years from August 2018 to July 2020 in the Departments of General Medicine and Radiodiagnosis of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha. Detailed history, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations, and findings of MRI spine and brain were compiled. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Among 100 patients of non-traumatic myelopathy, 65 patients presented with compressive myelopathy and 35 patients with non-compressive myelopathy where 56 patients presented with paraparesis and 44 with quadriparesis. Pott’s spine (n=25, 38.46%) and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) (n=24, 68.57%) were the most common etiologies found in compressive and non-compressive groups, respectively.

Conclusion: Pott’s Spine, spondylotic myelopathy, and ATM were the most common etiologies of non-traumatic myelopathy. MRI has proven to be the ultimate imaging modality for their etiological evaluation.
ECLIPTA ALBA (BHRINGRAJ): A PROMISING HEPATOPROTECTIVE AND HAIR GROWTH STIMULATING HERB.
Authors: KUMARI ISHA , KAURAV HEMLATA , CHAUDHARY GITIKA
Published: July 2021

Plants are the primary source of food, shelter, and various remedial approaches. They are being in use for treating various kinds of human ailments across the world since the ancient times. One of such important plants is Eclipta alba hassk (Asteraceae) which is commonly known as Bhringraj and false daisy. This plant is known for its extra-ordinary therapeutic properties. It is one of most widely used plant in traditional systems of medicines such as Ayurvedic, Unani, Sidha, homeopathy, Chinese, and folk. Each part of this medicinal plant contains many important phytochemical constituents such as coumestans, triterpenes, flavonoids, steroids, polypeptides, and saponins. It is majorly used for enhancing the growth, strength, and blackening of hair. It is used as the main ingredient in many hair oils. It significantly treats problems related to hair such as hair fall, dandruff, premature greying, and baldness. E. alba exhibits many other important biological properties such as anticancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-stress, and immunomodulatory. Thus, this medicinal plant is playing a vital role in the medical field and cosmetic industry. The present review is a summary of phytomedicinal importance of E. alba in Ayurveda as well as folk medicine system.
DRUG PRESCRIBING PATTERN AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF ORAL ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS: REAL-WORLD DATA FROM INDIAN POPULATION.
Authors: MUSSTTAF GHADAH SALIM , HABIB ANWAR , MAHTOOK MARWAN
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate the drug prescribing pattern and pharmacoeconomics of oral diabetic medications in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting the medicine OPD of HAH Centenary Hospital, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi.

Methods: Observational study conducts on 100 T2DM patients to assess their demographics and individual details such as disease history, BMI, and economic status along with the drug utilization assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis of prescribed drugs.

Results: Among 100 patients, 40 (40%) were male, and 60 (60%) were female, indicating that T2DM is slightly more prevalent in females. The mean age of the subjects included in the study is 51.46 years. Of the total number of patients, 64 were under oral antidiabetic drugs, and remaining were pregnant females under insulin. The majority of the subjects, 69.4%, were on multiple drug therapy and remaining treated with monotherapy. Metformin 500 mg (32.81%) was the most prescribed oral antidiabetic drug followed by glimepiride 4 mg (15.62%) and 12.5% for glimepiride 2 mg + metformin 500 mg, sitagliptin + metformin 50/500, and vildagliptin 50 + metformin 850, respectively. The maximum mean reduction of FBG was seen with glimepiride 4 mg (34.69 mg/dl) and lowest with metformin 500 mg (24.05 mg/dl). The cost per unit (1 mg/dl) reduction in FBG (ACER) was highest with sitagliptin 50 mg (INR 63.14) and lowest with glimepiride 1 mg + metformin 500 mg (INR 9.95).

Conclusion: Most type 2 diabetic patients in this setting were treated with multiple oral antidiabetic therapies. Metformin and sitagliptin were the most common choice as monotherapy agents. CEA concludes that the cost associated with diabetes is enormous and varies greatly. The combination therapy of glimepiride 2 mg + metformin 500 mg was the most cost effective.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING PATIENT COMPLIANCE TO LONG-TERM THERAPIES
Authors: MIR SHAKEEL AHMAD
Published: July 2021

Objective: The aim is to study the effect of various sociodemographic factors on patient compliance in long-term therapies. Methods: This is a questionnaire-based study of 195 adult outdoor patients suffering from chronic illnesses and receiving long-term drug therapy. Various sociodemographic factors were noted in a validated questionnaire. Questions about drugs being taken were asked. The compliance was measured by General Medication Adherence Scale. Results: The study population consists of 51.3% of males and 48.7% of females. About 39.0% of participants were literate and 61.0% were illiterate. About 72.3% belonged to the rural area, 13.3% urban, and 14.4% to the main city. About 33.3% were self-employed or unemployed, 17.4% government employees, and 49.3% were private employees. About 20.0% belonged to high-income group, and 40.0% to middle- and 40.0% to low-income group. Statistically significant correlation was found between compliance and age, gender, area of residence, education, and marital status (p<0.05). Better compliance was observed in men, unmarried,middle-aged, literate, and urban populations. Conclusions: We conclude that some sociodemographic factors correlate with compliance to long-term therapies.
Real-world treatment, clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization among persons with hemophilia A by age
Authors: Caplan Eleanor O , Patel Anisha M , DeClue Richard W , Sehman Marina , Cornett Daniel , Shaffer Tiffany Fair , Raimundo Karina , Suehs Brandon T
Published: July 2021

Aim:
Examine real-world characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes among treated persons with hemophilia A (PwHA) stratified by age.
Patients & methods:
This study utilized US claims data from 1 January 2007–31 July 2018 from the Humana Research Database. Unadjusted comparisons were conducted across PwHA (<18, 18–55, 56–89 years) enrolled in commercial or Medicare Advantage Prescription Drug plans.
Results:
A total of 294 PwHA were identified; 21.1% experienced ≥1 bleeding event, and 41.2 and 53.1% had evidence of arthropathy or related disorders, and pain, respectively. Along with all-cause and hemophilia-related healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), these were highest among PwHA aged 56–89 years.
Conclusion:
Insights into treatment, outcomes and HCRU may identify opportunities for enhanced disease management, particularly in older PwHA.
ENGAGING THE STUDENTS WITH STYLES IN EFL PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Rahayu Atik Sri
Published: July 2021

The active participation of students in the classroom is considered as the essential component in the learning. It is closely related to the students’ engagement, which involves the students’ interest, positive attitude and enjoyment towards learning. One crucial factor which influences the students’ engagement in the classrooms is the teachers’ teaching styles. The teachers’ behaviors, beliefs and personality in teaching really influence their styles in teaching. Therefore, teaching styles become crucial since it can build and shape the students’ learning experience in the classrooms.
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY AT 10TH GRADE OF COMPUTER AND NETWORK ENGINEERING CLASS AT SMKN 4 MALANG THROUGH L1/L2 BASED STRATEGIES
Authors: Junaida Rizki , Prastiyowati Santi
Published: July 2021

The lack of speaking practice will cause some communication problems. When language learners do not know how to say a word in English, they can communicate effectively by using their hands, imitating sounds, using new words, or describing what they mean. Those ways can be done by the studentsas communication strategies. This research is aimed to describe the enhancement of students’ speaking ability at Computer and Network Engineering Class C of SMKN 4 Malang by using L1/ L2 based strategies. This Class Action Research (CAR) was conducted at SMKN 4 Malang. The subjects of this research were the students of thenth-grade of Computer and Network Engineering  Class C, which consisted of 33 students. This classroom action research was conducted through the following procedures: preliminary observation, planning, implementing, observation, and reflection. There were two major indicators used as the criteria of success in this research. First, mean score of the post test was ≥ 75. Second, there should be 50% of students get score ≥ 75. Before conducting this research, a preliminary study was conducted to know the students’ problem in speaking skill. The result of the speaking test in preliminary study showed that the mean score of 33 students was 64.8. There were only 7 students who got score ≥ 75. In Cycle I, L1/L2 based strategy showed the improvement of students’ speaking. The mean score of Cycle I was 67.5. The Cycle 1 failed because the students who got ≥ 75 were only 6 students which were consisting of 21%. However, the mean score of Cycle II was 78.6. It means that the first criterion of success was achieved. Moreover, the students who got score ≥75 were 75.9%. Therefore, the all criteria of success were achieved. To sum up, the result of classroom action research proved that L1/L2 based strategies could enhance speaking ability at 10th Grade of Computer and Network Engineering Class C at SMKN 4 Malang.
TEACHING VOCABULARY THROUGH SNAKE AND LADDER BOARD GAME IN THE TENTH GRADE OF SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 MALANG
Authors: Fitriana Dita , Maro Rahmawati Khadijah
Published: July 2021

Vocabulary is the language resource, students have to know vocabularies to produce sentences. Thus, the aim of this study was to find out whether snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery or not. The subject analyzed in this research were the tenth grade students of SMA Muhammadiyah I. The experimental group was X-IPS-I while the control group was X-IPS-II.This study employed quantitative research design. This design was selected due to this present study was required a concrete evidence whether Snake and Ladder Board Game could enhance students’ vocabulary mastery in senior high school or not. In this study the instruments used were pre-test, treatment, and post-test. The pre-test was given to both experimental and control group. After the pre-test was given to both groups, then the experimental group was treated or taught by using snake and ladder board game, while the control group was not treated by using snake and ladder board game. After that, the post-test was also given to both experimental and control group. The researcher used t-test to know the significant difference between the mean score of the experimental and control group. The process of t-test was counted using computer SPSS 17 version.The result of this study was shown that snake and ladder board game could improve students’ vocabulary mastery due to the score of pre-test in control group was higher than the pre-test score of experimental group. Otherwise, the post-test score of experimental group was higher than the control group. Accordingly, related to the result of this experimental research, the researcher concludes that snake and ladder board game can improve students’ vocabulary mastery in the first year students of senior high school.
THE USE OF POP-UP BOOK TO IMPROVE ENGLISH SKILL AT SD NEGERI 2 GADING KULON DAU
Authors: Colidiyah Atin
Published: July 2021

This research aims to know the use of pop-up book to improve English skill at SD Negeri 2 Gadingkulon. In this school, most students had low score in English skill because of limited media for teaching English. In this case, the researcher wants to improve English skill by implementing pop-up book for teaching. The subject of this research was second grade students which consist of 15 students. The method used in this study was classroom action research (CAR) in which the researcher worked collaboratively with the teacher. This research applied two cycles with four stages; planning, action, observation, and reflection. The data were taken from field note and scoring rubric. Furthermore, the result of this research was shown pop-up book can enhance students to be active and cooperative in the classroom. Therefore, pop-up book can improve students’ English skill. It was proven by average score in cycle 1 was 70 and cycle 2 was 86. Thus, all the students achieved Minimum Mastery criterion (KKM).
WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN ENGLISH NEW WORDS OF OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY (OED) ONLINE
Authors: Ratih Elisa , Gusdian Rosalin Ismayoeng
Published: July 2021

The aims of this study were to identify the processes of word formation in English new words and to know which word formation processes were the most productive one(s). The researcher used qualitative research design in order to obtain the data from the document of OED online. OED online is the online dictionary which consists of list of English new words. Therefore, the research object was the lists of English new words from year 2012-2016. Document analysis was used as the instrument to collect the data. The data were presented in the form of table. The findings of this study showed that there are some processes in creating English new words, such as a) affixation, b) folk etymology, c) compounding, d) abbreviation, e) acronyms, f) borrowing, g) blending, h) clipping, i) back-formation. Besides, there are also found the double word formation processes, such as j) folk etymology + compounding, k) compounding + affixation, m) blending + affixation, n) clipping + blending. The result showed that the most productive process of creating English new words was affixation.
THE ANALYSIS OF SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC CONTEXT IN TOEFL TEST SIMULATION ON LISTENING SECTION
Authors: Setyawan Rakha , Wiraatmaja Triastama
Published: July 2021

Sociolinguistics aspects such as Semantic and Pragmatic affect language user in every situation. Those two contexts even exist in a proficiency test to become the test foundation. This research was conducted to identify the semantic and pragmatic contexts in TOEFL test simulation on the Listening section. The researcher applied a qualitative descriptive approach to this research, and Document Analysis and the researcher as the instrument. The object of this research was TOP NO 1 TOEFL SIMULATION published by FORUM TENTOR INDONESIA. The result reveals that there are several types of semantic and pragmatic context found in the test simulation. The semantic contexts found in 8 questions from the 30 questions analyzed. The types of semantic contexts which were found namely; Meaning, Semantic Feature, and Semantic Roles. Moreover, the semantic type that mostly occurred is Semantic Roles (4 Questions), then followed by Semantic Feature (2 Questions) and Meaning (2 Questions). However, the Pragmatic context quantities are found more than the semantic context. From the 30 analyzed questions, the Pragmatic contexts found are 40 questions, it happens because one test item can have more than one type of pragmatic. Also, the Reference type in Pragmatic occurred in most questions because the narrator on the listening passage uses referencing (nature of Reference) to make the question. The type of pragmatic context found namely; Context, Politeness, Reference, and Speech Act. The type of pragmatic context which is mostly occurred is Reference (25 questions).
THE INVESTIGATION INTO PRIMACY EFFECT ON STUDENT’S VOCABULARY MEMORIZATION
Authors: Sabudu Delli
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to examine whether primacy positions are more dominant in memorizing words, in other words, this study intends to test which ones are easier to remember words that are at the top or the beginning or words that are at the bottom or end in the word memorization list. In this study, the authors used a sample of first grade SMP Negeri I students. From a number of parallel classes the author takes the class as a sample. Data collection is done through tests in the form of a post-test. By using the t-test formula, the collected data is then analyzed to test the hypothesis whether there is a significant difference between the two groups of students who memorize the primacy position and the students who memorize the recency position. The experimental group gets a higher number in memorizing words in the primacy position in memorizing vocabulary. By using a two-tailed test, proved that Ho is rejected. For this reason, it is expected that teachers who teach English or other foreign languages can teach vocabulary by placing difficult words on the memorizing list in the top or primary position.
ANXIETY ON STUDENTS’ LISTENING COMPREHENSION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN MALANG
Authors: Prastiyowati Santi
Published: July 2021

This study aims at knowing the level of anxiety and factors related to listening anxiety encountered by the students of EFL learners in Malang. This study employs mixed research method, involving forty-eight participants. To gather the data, questionnaires and interview on students’ anxiety are used as the instrument. The results of the study revealed that the students were mostly in moderate-level of anxiety. The anxiety frequently came from students’ background knowledge, such as getting worry to miss important ideas, getting nervous if not understanding every word, getting anxious because of unfamiliar words and topic, and guessing the missing information. Additionally, students’ low confidence in listening process and task, difficulty to concentrate, text speed, and confusion when listening to important information were related to listeners’ characteristic theme. Both contributed to students’ anxiety in their listening performance.Another finding addressed factors which cause students’ anxiety. It can be summarized into four categories, such as teachers’ factor, students’ factors, listening material and process, and another factors. Teachers’ factor related to teachers’’ characteristic and condition. Students’ factors closely related to students’ performance in listening activity. Listening material included listening difficulty and material. Other factors included environmental factors and other situation which was not mentioned in above three factors.
ANALYSIS OF RELIGIOUS SATIRE IN PBITEKS SONG OF LAWINO
Authors: Adetuyi Chris Ajibade , Alex Patrick Charles
Published: July 2021

This paper focuses on the analysis of religious satire in Song of Lawino. The study occasionally refers to Okots life history and ideological inclinations and the review of related literature giveng background information that clarifies Okot pBiteks writing as a product of a rich Acholi oral tradition. While a lot has been written on Okots creative works, little attention has been given to the use of satire. The study therefore, identifies and evaluates Okots use of satire in Song of Lawino determines the use of language to achieve satire in the text, and discusses how the author uses satire as a tool to share ideas and opinions on religious perspectives in the society. This study treats satire as the humorous criticism of human weaknesses and foibles and uses this parameter to identify it in the Song of Lawino. This is to throw light on the creative works of Okots and highlight circumstances that may have shaped him into a satirist. The upshot of all these is that the songs are appropriately contextualized with the ultimate finding that satire is an indigenous African phenomenon amply and ably deployed in Okots art.
The Role of Firm Reputation and Management Experience for Firm Performance after Merger and Acquisition
Authors: Edi Edi , Susanti Erni
Published: July 2021

This study examines the impact of firm reputation and CEO experience to company performance after merger and acquisition. The sample of this research are companies listing on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and register their M&A action to the Indonesian Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition. The time frame for selecting data is from 2014 to 2019. The research data are tested and analyzed with multiple linear regression methods on SPSS Software by using 110 sample data. The results of the data test prove that the acquisition experience in the same industry and the measurement of the company's capitalization reputation have a significant positive impact on company performance. Following the concept of knowledge transfer theory and organizational theory, acquisition in same industry will increasing company value and performance in competing with other competitors with more focused and can create cost saving. These will have an effect on company performance by get a good response in public and achieve a competitive advantage. Novelty of this research provides a new insight for firm reputation measurement that are still relevant to be used for measure firm reputation.
The Moderating Role Of Change Management And Leadership Turnover: A Study Of Performance Accountability In Local Goverment
Authors: Anggini Septilia Woro , Rosidi Rosidi , Andayani Wuryan
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the effect of the goverment internal control system and transparency on performance accountability by considering change management and leadership turnover  as the moderating variable. This study was conducted on Local Goverment Organization (OPD) of Muara Enim Regency. The unit of analysis is 118 employees whose work are involved in the preparation of performance accountability. This study using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) statistical techniques with SmartPLS 3. This study finds that goverment internal control system and transparency has positive influence on performance accountability. Furthermore showed that change management doesn’t moderated the relationship between goverment internal control system and transparency on performance accountability. Leadership turnover successfully moderated the relationship between goverment internal control system and performance accountability. However leadership turnover doesn’t moderated the relationship between transparency and performance accountability. The results of this study can be used as evaluation material for the local government of Muara Enim Regency in the implementation of internal control system and transparency to achieve accountability of government performance. In addition, by looking at the factors of change management and change of leadership can provide benefits to local governments in carrying out tasks and obligations.
Traducción y adaptación de la Level of Personal Functioning Scale - Brief Form 2.0
Authors: Schetsche Christian
Published: July 2021

La quinta edición del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-5) introdujo el concepto de niveles de funcionamiento de la personalidad, los cuales indican la gravedad del trastorno de la personalidad. En nuestro conocimiento, no existen instrumentos psicométricos concisos para la evaluación del nivel de funcionamiento de la personalidad en lengua castellana, por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio consistió en la traducción y adaptación de la Level of Personal Functioning Scale – Brief Form 2.0. La muestra (N = 361) se recogió por internet. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio mostraron que el instrumento tiene una estructura bifactorial y que puede utilizarse, además de sus dos dimensiones autofuncionamiento y funcionamiento interpersonal, una dimensión que representa el funcionamiento general. Las consistencias internas obtuvieron valores aceptables, y en el análisis de validez convergente se encontraron correlaciones significativas con todos los rasgos de la personalidad.
Citizen Participation in Solving Issues of Local Significance: Experience of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Efremov O. V.
Published: July 2021

The article presents a brief analysis of the legal acts of the Republic of Belarus on the participation of citizens in the discussion and solution of local affairs and the practice of their application, as well as the results of the implementation of a number of projects of international technical assistance in this area. Citizen participation in decision-making is one of the key tools for increasing public confidence in state institutions at all levels of government, reducing the level of social tension and the risk of conflict situations in the modern society. The state acquires an additional opportunity to raise its awareness of the problems, needs and expectations of the population, as well as maximize the involvement of the potential of individual citizens and civil society as a whole by enabling citizens to participate in discussions and decision-making.
Bulgarian Vector for North Macedonia Foreign Policy: the Problem of Identity
Authors: Smirnov P. A.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the role of the identity factor in the Bulgarian-Macedonian relations. The main controversial issues acute in the period 1991–2021 are the question of the independence of the Macedonian language and the question of the “starting point” of Macedonian history. The foreign policy of the Macedonian republic is investigated in the context of Balkan states` striving for Euro- Atlantic integration. An important part of the study is analyzing the problems of the European Union enlargement to the south-east.

As a result of the research, the author comes to several conclusions: Sofia’s opposition to Skopje’s accession to the EU has a solid economic implication; relations with the Bulgarian state have always been of key importance for the Macedonian republic, regardless of plans to join NATO and the EU, since touched upon the key issues of self-determination of the Macedonian people; the rhetoric of the Bulgarian side has a certain tendency to revise the role of Bulgaria in the Second World War, which is categorically unacceptable for the EU member states seeking to withdraw the historical agenda from the negotiation process on the Republic of North Macedonia’s accession to the European Union.
Asociatividad y gestión de marca: necesidad para ingresar a nuevos mercados - Proyecto Haku Wiñay - Tacna
Authors: Wong Copaja Edgard Enrique , Milaveres Tone Fidel Víctor , Chura Huascupe Juan , Conde Padilla Wilian Martin , Aranda Hurtado Ivan Francisco
Published: July 2021

Hoy en día, comenzamos a reflexionar sobre una de las estrategias para enfrentar la pobreza y la pobreza extrema que se ha destacado en el Perú. Los emprendedores peruanos se caracterizan por el ingenio, la creatividad y siempre están dispuestos a encontrar soluciones en contextos financieros desfavorables. De hecho, aproximadamente la mitad de los negocios del país está impulsada por necesidades económicas. Ante esto, es necesario plantear una buena idea y desarrollar un plan para convertirla en una oportunidad de negocio.
Es asi que el proyecto Haku Wiñay entra a tallar, puesto que es un proyecto que tiene como objetivo desarrollar la capacidad productiva y el espíritu empresarial de familias pobres y extremadamente pobres que viven en áreas densamente pobladas con el fin de aumentar y diversificar los ingresos independientes sostenibles.
Real Exchange Rate Determinants in Nigeria: An Application of Cointegration and Error Correction Model
Authors: Ani Chukwuemeka Lawrence , Mashood Lawal Olumuyiwa
Published: July 2021

The study examines the elements of real exchange rate in Nigeria. The ADF and KPSS stationarity tests were employed to examine the stationary process of each series and it shows that the macroeconomic variables under study have no stochastic trends, hence, are stationary in leves. The result from Johansen cointegration showed a long-run relationship between real exchange rate and the five explanatory variables. R2 of the estimated Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) model shows that about 73.39% of the total variability in real exchange rate has been explained by the independent variables and it further revealed that inflation rate and government expenditure contribute more to exchange rate volatility. Our model adjust its prior periods dis-equilibrium at a speed of 56.98% annually with the ec(-1) coefficient value -0.5698; also to achieve long term equilibrium stable state, the VECM shows a significant speed of correction of about 56.98% for adjusting dis-equilibrium annually. The VECM is well specified and its parameter coefficients are not biased because the ARCH test indicates that it is free from serial correlation and heteroscedasticity. Finally, the strong forces that influence real exchange rate fluctuations in Nigeria as revealed bythe Granger causility test are: government expenditure, money supply growth, inflation and real interest rates.
Valoração da prova testemunhal no Processo do Trabalho em tempos de pandemia: instrução processual e audiências virtuais
Authors: Oliveira Teixeira Rigaud Gabriela , Prado Alves Matheus
Published: July 2021

A presente incursão teórica discute a valoração da prova testemunhal no Processo do Trabalho diante da regulamentação das audiências virtuais com a pandemia de Covid-19. Para isso, apresenta o conceito de prova e a importância do testemunho para o Processo o Trabalho, debatendo os aspectos que repercutem sobre a falibilidade desse meio de prova. Por conseguinte, discute a apreciação da prova testemunhal nas audiências de instrução telepresenciais, bem como a atuação do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 5ª Região diante da pandemia. Neste âmbito, conclui que as audiências de instrução virtuais são necessárias ao funcionamento remoto da Justiça do Trabalho, assim como a valoração da prova testemunhal se faz tão imprescindível e possível quanto na modalidade presencial. A metodologia aplicada nesta pesquisa é descritiva e quali-quantitativa, com fundamento em referências bibliográficas, jurisprudenciais, e em dados estatísticos
Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pekerja Pt.Semen Bosowa Di Banyuwangi
Authors: Putri Githa Dwi , Dwiyanti Endang , Mandagi Ayik Mirayanti
Published: July 2021

Sumber daya manusia atau pekerja merupakan asset bagi sebuah perusahaan, dimana pekerja ini lah yang dapat memberikan perusahaan nilai. Pekerja ini juga yang nanti nya dituntut untuk mempunyai moral perilaku kerja, salah satu moral tersebut adalah Disiplin Kerja. Terbukti bahwasanya jika disiplin kerja dalam suatu perusahaan buruk maka hasil dan proses produksi suatu perusahaan akan terhambat, sehingga kinerja pekerja pun akan ikut menurun. Setelah dilakukan pengambilan data awal di PT. Semen Bosowa Banyuwangi ditemukan bahwa terdapat 72% pekerja yang memliki disiplin kerja masih dibawah total rata – rata score (4,02), dan masih terdapat 27% pekerja yang masih memiliki Kinerja dibawah total rata – rata score (3,88). Hal ini membuat peneliti tertarik untuk melihat pengaruh antara Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pekerja di PT. Semen Bosowa Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan rancang bangun cross-sectional study. Sampel penelitian sebesar 73 orang, diambil secara acak menggunakan disproportionate stratified random sampling. Pengumpulan data meliputi Disiplin Kerjan dan Kinerja Pekerja. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara Disiplin Kerja terhadap kinerja pekerja (Σ=0.001). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah meskipun Disiplin Kerja yang dimiliki Pekerja di PT. Semen Bosowa Banyuwangi tinggi namun Kinerja pekerja yang berada di PT. Semen Bosowa Banyuwangi sudah baik tetapi belum optimal.
Gambaran Faktor Perilaku Bermain Game Online Pada Remaja
Authors: Al mubarok Dihya Faaizu al dien , Soedirham Oedojo
Published: July 2021

Internet telah mengubah kecenderungan permainan di kalangan remaja. Saat ini, sebagian besar remaja mendapatkan hiburan melalui komputer dan smartphone misalnya bermain game online. WHO secara resmi menetapkan kecanduan game atau game disorder ke dalam versi terbaru ICD sebagai penyakit gangguan mental. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan pada remaja yang aktif bermain game online selama satu tahun terakhir di Surabaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan faktor perilaku bermain game online pada remaja berdasarkan teori Snehandu B. kar (1984). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 97 remaja usia 10 – 24 tahun yang aktif bermain game online selama setahun terakhir. Cara pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Non Probability Sampling dengan jenis Accidental Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden berusia 18-24 tahun (82,5%), memiliki uang saku < Rp 1.000.000 perbulan (70,1%), memiliki dukungan sosial rendah untuk bermain game online (57,7%), memiliki akses informasi rendah (56,7%), memiliki otonomi pribadi rendah (57,7%), memiliki situasi yang tidak mendukung untuk bermain game online (59,8%), dan memiliki niat bermain game online rendah (57,7%).
Anosmia and dysgeusia among COVID-19 patients are associated with low levels of serum Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
Authors: Ben-Chetrit Eli , Yaa'cov Ami Ben , Quiteineh Ahamad , Atia Ohad , Regev Eran , Shteyer Eyal , Nashef Rizan
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Anosmia and dysgeusia (AD) are common among COVID-19 patients.
These symptoms are not frequently associated with rhinorrhea or nasal
congestion and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Previous reports
suggested that Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signaling plays a role in
the modulation of olfaction and geusia. We aimed to assess the
correlation between GLP-1 and COVID-19-associated AD. Methods: Blood
samples obtained from COVID-19 patients with and without AD were tested
for serum GLP-1 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
A second control group comprised of COVID-19-negative volunteers.
Results: Forty-nine subjects were included in the study. Nineteen were
positive for COVID-19. Of the 19 patients, ten had AD and nine declined
such complaints. Age and basic metabolic rate were similar among all
study groups. Serum GLP-1 levels were significantly lower among patients
with AD as compared with patients without AD and COVID-19-negative
individuals (1820 pg/ml vs 3536 pg/ml vs 3014 pg/ml, respectively,
p<0.02). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients who reported of AD had
lower serum levels of GLP-1 as compared with those lacking AD symptoms
and COVID-19-negative individuals. These results suggest that GLP-1 may
be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, further larger scale
studies should corroborate our findings
Assessment of modern shoreline transformation rates on the banks of one of the largest reservoirs in the world (Kuibyshev reservoir, Russia) using instrumental methods
Authors: Yermolayev Oleg P. , Usmanov Bulat , Gafurov Artur , Poesen Jean , Vedeneeva Evgeniya
Published: July 2021

The study object is the Kuibyshev reservoir. The objective is to
quantitatively assess reservoir bank landslides and shoreline abrasion
in active zones based on the integrated use of modern instrumental
methods. Different approaches are used to assess the intensity of
landslide and abrasion processes: the specific volume and material loss
index, the planar displacement of the bank scarp, and the
planar-altitude analysis displacements of soil masses based on the
analysis of slope profiles. Shoreline position for the past periods
(1958, 1985, and 1987) was obtained from archival aerial photography
data; data for 1975, 1993, 2010, 2011, and 2012 were obtained from
high-resolution satellite image interpretation. Field surveys of these
geomorphic processes at the study areas in 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2014
were carried out using total stations; in 2012-2014 using terrestrial
laser scanning and a UAV survey in 2019. The monitoring of landslide
processes showed that the rate of volumetric changes at Site 1 remained
rather stable during the measurement period with net material losses of
0.03-0.04 m3/m2/year. The most significant contribution to the average
annual value of material loss was by snowmelt runoff. The landslide
scarp retreat rate at Site 2 showed a steady decreasing trend, due to
partial overgrowth of the landslide accumulation zone resulting in its
relative stabilization. The average long-term landslide scarp retreat
rate is 2.3 m/year. In recent years, landslide control measures realized
at this site have reduced the landsliding intensity by more than 2.5
times to 0.84 m/year
Managing a Patient with Post-Heart Transplant Associated with COVID-19: A Case Report from Qatar
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Khatib Mohamad , Elghazali Aya , Alwraidat Mohammad , Othman Fahmi , AlMaslamani Muna , Nashwan Abdulqadir
Published: July 2021

This is a case of an elderly female with comorbidities and a history of
cardiac transplant 13 years back, presented with diarrhea and diagnosed
with COVID-19. She was hospitalized and found to have a cardiac injury
and urinary tract infection, treated with antibiotics, antivirals,
immunosuppressives, and required non-invasive ventilatory support.
Exit Strategy from COVID-19: Vaccination and an Alternative Solution
Authors: Roy Indrani
Published: July 2021

Vaccination groups all over the globe made a strong coordinated effort to put an end to the current COVID-19 crisis. Since vaccination started first in the UK on 8 th December, 2020 we have sufficient data to analyse and derive useful results. It addressed issues viz. seasonality, indirect consequences of mass vaccination and fast mutation of the virus after mass vaccination. To develop useful timely insights, some similarities between COVID-19 and Flu received attention. Critical and open analyses, balanced discussion in the current crucial stage are desperately needed. Questioning, debating and criticism are always the basis of good science and the main pillars to its advancement. With that objective in mind, it is an effort to explore areas relating to the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines with a pragmatic viewpoint. Policymakers will be greatly benefitted from such analyses. An alternative optimistic pathway is also mentioned which was proposed as early as 17 th March, 2020 and is practically without side effects and no vested interest involved.
Study of the role of an infectious factor in the development of stroke in children. Results of a 5-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Ivanova A. A. , Shamsheva O. V. , Shchederkina I. O.
Published: July 2021

Objective: Determine the role of infectious diseases in the development of strokes in children and to identify risk groups for its progression.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 660 case histories of children aged 1 months to 1 8 years old, hospitalized in Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital with stroke in the period from 201 6 to July 2020 was carried out.

Results. An infectious disease or fever 4 weeks before stroke is diagnosed in 78 (1 2%) cases. Infections more often act as a stroke trigger in children under 7 years old (28% in children under one year old). The incidence of strokes against a background of a bacterial infection is higher than against a background of a viral infection (47% versus 35%). Among bacterial infections, meningitis (35%), otitis media (24%), pneumonia (1 8%) prevailed. With a viral infection, viruses of Herpes are more common (44%), as well as respiratory viruses (37%). Two cases of cerebrovascular accident were revealed in children who have undergone a new coro-navirus infection SARS-CoV-2 (7%). Among the types of stroke, with bacterial infection, sinus thrombosis was more common (50%), among viral infection, the most common was ischemic stroke (60%). The presence of an additional risk factor was revealed in 72%, most often these were prothrombotic conditions (35%).
Clinical features of the course of Rhinoviral infection in children
Authors: Popova O. P. , Vartanyan R. V. , Trushakova S. V. , Bunin S. V. , Dracheva N. A.
Published: July 2021

Acute respiratory viral infections remain the most common diseases in the world, accounting for about 90% of all infectious diseases. The possibilities of etiological decoding of ARVI using modern examination methods made it possible to establish an increase in the proportion of rhinovirus infection in the structure of ARVI.

The aim of the study in this regard was to study the features of the clinical course of rhinovirus infection in children of different ages in modern conditions. The study included 50 patients with rhinovirus infection of children, among whom 1 2 children (24%) were under 1 year old; 34 children (68%) — 1—3 years old, 4 children (8%) — 3—7 years old. To confirm rhinovirus infection, a study of mucus from the nasopharynx by PCR was carried out.

A thorough analysis of the symptom complex of the infection showed that in 1 3 (26%) patients the infectious process was limited to lesions of the upper respiratory tract, in 14 (28%) there were symptoms of acute stenosinglaryngotracheitis, in 1 1 (22%) children developed pneumonia, in 1 2 (24%) — bronchitis, with obstructive syndrome in 1 0 (83.3%) patients in this group.
A clinical case of chickenpox complicated by meningoencephalitis and cerebral edema in combination with a novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a 5-year-old child
Authors: Kuzmina M. N. , Klimovitskaya E. G. , Eshmolov S. N. , Sitnikov I. G. , Elyakova E. V.
Published: July 2021

The new coronavirus infection COVID-1 9 in children generally proceeds favorably, but in combination with other acute infectious diseases and in persons with background pathology and impaired immune reactivity may pose a particular threat.

The article presents a clinical case of chickenpox, complicated by meningoencephalitis and cerebral edema, in combination with COVID-1 9 in a 5-year-old child. Chickenpox was not quite typical: against the background of febrile temperature, there was a scanty spot-papular rash with single vesicles that appeared later, the absence of elements on the mucous membranes and the development of neurological symptoms in the first day of the disease. CОVID-1 9 was characterized by a wave-like course with fever up to 39,1 °C, tonsillitis phenomena and inflammatory changes in the blood test.
A case of acute hepatitis with chickenpox in a young child
Authors: Greshnyakova V. A. , Ventslovayte N. D. , Goriacheva L. G. , Efremova N. A. , Shilova I. V.
Published: July 2021

The article presents a case of an unusual course of chickenpox in a young child (1.5 months). The development of acute hepatitis against the background of the course of the disease is described.

This clinical observation clearly demonstrates that the varicella zoster virus, like other viruses from the herpes family, is secondary hepatotropic and is capable of causing acute hepatitis. This experience allows us to recommend assessing liver function in patients with chickenpox, and, if abnormalities are found, supplement the standard therapy with the appointment of hepatoprotectors.
Agro-economic Feasibility and Indices of Castor+Groundnut Intercropping System Under Irrigated Conditions During Rabi Season in Telangana
Authors:   Agricultural Research Station, Tornala, Telangana (502 114), India, Ramanjaneyulu A. V. , Reddy K. Indudhar ,   Agroclimatic Research Center, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana (500 030), India, Kumar M. V. Nagesh ,   Maize Research Center, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana (500 030), India, Madhavi A. ,   AICRP on STCR scheme, ARI, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana (500 030), India, Ramana M. Venkata ,   AICRP on Integrated Farming Systems, ARI, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana (500 030), India, Srinivas A. ,   Main Farm, ARI, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana (500 030), India, Suresh G. ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana (500 030), India
Published: July 2021

An experiment was carried out for three consecutive years from 2014-15 to 2016-17 at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Palem, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Telangana, India to study and understand the agro-economic feasibility and various indices of castor+groundnut intercropping system under irrigated conditions during rabi season. There were six treatments viz., sole castor, sole groundnut, castor+groundnut (1:5) with RDF (recommended dose of fertilizer) to both the crops, castor+groundnut (1:7) with RDF to both the crops, castor+groundnut (1:5) with RDF to castor alone and castor+groundnut (1:7) with RDF to castor alone. The results indicated that sole groundnut with significantly higher castor equivalent yield (3960 kg ha-1) gave a higher yield advantage by 12.5 to 25.8% over castor+groundnut intercropping and 102.5% over sole castor. Further, sole groundnut recorded higher water use efficiency (10.25 kg ha-1 mm-1) and net returns mm-1 water used (Rs. 243.65 mm-1). The economics also indicated that sole groundnut was profitable in terms of gross (Rs. 1,50,465 ha-1) and net returns (Rs. 94,150 ha-1). However, higher benefit:cost ratio was observed with sole castor (2.76) followed by sole groundnut (2.67) and castor+groundnut intercropping (1:5) with RDF applied to both crops (2.57). Among various indices, the highest land equivalent ratio (1.13), area time equivalency ratio (1.00) and monetary advantage index (15072) were recorded with castor+groundnut (1:5) where RDF was applied to both the crops.