bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ways to Protect the Labor Rights of Employees when the Situation in the Collective Agreement Worsen
Authors:   Central Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Voronezh, Russia, Filiptsova Natalia A.
Published: September 2022

The article analyzes the existing mechanism for protecting the rights of employees when establishing principles and norms of law in a collective agreement that worsen their situation. In labor law, there is a procedure for registering a collective agreement to monitor the compliance of the principles and norms of law established in a collective agreement with forms of law that have higher legal force. Formally, the notification registration of collective agreements is carried out in order to identify conditions that worsen the situation of employees. The author concludes that due to the lack of an effective mechanism for excluding these conditions from the collective agreement, the meaning of such registration is lost. Even if the labor authority identifies the conditions of the collective agreement that worsen the situation of employees, both the specified body and the state labor inspectorate will not be able to take any effective measures to eliminate them. In addition, the question remains unanswered as to what method of protection the court can apply in the event of a conflict between the principles and norms of law contained in the collective agreement and the principles and norms of law contained in forms of law with higher legal force. The author formulates law-making proposals for amendments to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, establishing ways to protect the labor rights and legal interests of employees in case of deterioration of their position in the collective agreement.
The State Digital Financial Control: Legal Nature
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice (Moscow), Proshunin Maksim M.
Published: September 2022

The article reveals the legal issues of the state control over issues and turnover of the digital financial assets. The object and subject of the state digital financial control are considered in the article. The essence of the state digital financial control is considered through the powers of the Bank of Russia as the state financial authority. The author suggests the definition of the state digital financial control. However anti-money laundering measures linked with the digital financial assets are expected to be considered within the legal institute of the financial monitoring and the relationships linked with the digital ruФИНАНСОВОЕ ПРАВО 99 FINANCIAL LAW bles – within the institute of the monetary law. In the end the author stresses that the state digital financial control can be set up based on principles of consultancy control rather than penalty (sanctioned) control. In addition, the author expresses concern on set up of the total digital financial control which may lead to the negative consequences for the financial market.
EFFECT OF AUDITOR TENURE ON AUDIT QUALITY IN NIGERIA
Authors: EMMANUEL ISITO OGHENEOCHUKO , UZOKA PATRICK
Published: September 2022

In Nigeria, the study looked into the link between auditor tenure and audit quality. We hypothesized that audit quality would rise with audit firm tenure due to increased auditor competence and fall with audit firm tenure due to decreased independence. Whether the link between audit firm tenure and audit quality is a concave, convex, or linear function of audit firm tenure is determined by the overall effect of these two counterbalancing factors across audit firm tenure. Data was gathered from annual reports of selected Nigerian listed companies from 2000 to 2018. The connection between auditor tenure and audit quality was investigated using the regression approach. In this study, the Quadratic Model was used. Firm size, operating cash flow, firm growth, auditor type, firm age, and client relevance were all included as control variables alongside auditor tenure. According to the findings, audit quality improves with auditor tenure. The coefficient on long auditor tenure, on the other hand, was determined to be both negative and significant. As a result, we urge that auditors be encouraged to learn about their client's businesses and industries and that policies be put in place to promote independence, objectivity, and professional skepticism.
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN LIBRARIES: A PANACEA FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LIBRARY PERSONNEL
Authors: TSAFE ALIYU GADANGA , OLABISI AJANI FLORENCE , SODEEQ SULYMAN ABDULAKEEM
Published: September 2022

This paper argues that this era of globalization facilitated by rapid and sporadic growth in all aspects of human life which may make an organisation personnel lose interest in their work requires a leadership style that considers influencing, motivating, driving, and motivating organization's personnel to be responding to emerging challenges. Its main objective is to show how transformational leadership can be used to increase leadership effectiveness in libraries. It notes that the four qualities of transformational leadership – idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration – are instruments that if efficiently and technically utilized would aid in empowering, inspiring, motivating and exploiting the skills of library personnel in achieving a library mission, visions, and objectives. It recommends that the use of a transformational leadership style in library will make the library personnel productive because since it is concerned with intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation, it drives library personnel to be committed to solving problems and responding to challenges that may arise while working on achieving library goals.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters: sensing and boosting spin-flipping by aggregation
Authors: Mazumdar Ashish Kumar , Nanda Gyana Prakash , Yadav Nisha , Deori Upasana , Acharyya Upasha , Sk Bahadur , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan
Published: September 2022

Metal-free organic emitters with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) characteristics are emerging due to the potential applications in optoelectronic devices, time-resolved luminescence imaging, and solid-phase sensing. Herein, we synthesized two (4-bromobenzoyl)pyridine (BPy)-based donor–acceptor (D–A) compounds with varying donor size and strength: the emitter BPy-pTC with tert-butylcarbazole (TC) as the donor and BPy-p3C with bulky tricarbazole (3C) as the donor unit. Both BPy-pTC and BPy-p3C exhibited prominent emission with TADF properties in solution and in the solid phase. The stronger excited-state charge transfer was obtained for BPy-p3C due to the bulkier donor, leading to a more twisted D–A geometry than that of BPy-pTC. Hence, BPy-p3C exhibited aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) in a THF/water mixture. Interestingly, the singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔEST) was reduced for both compounds in the aggregated state as compared to toluene solution. Consequently, a faster reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC) was obtained in the aggregated state, facilitating photon upconversion, leading to enhanced delayed fluorescence. Further, the lone-pair electrons of the pyridinyl nitrogen atom were found to be sensitive to acidic protons. Hence, the exposure to acid and base vapors using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and triethylamine (TEA) led to solid-phase fluorescence switching with fatigue resistance. The current study demonstrates the role of the donor strength and size in tuning ΔEST in the aggregated state as well as the relevance for fluorescence-based acid–base sensing.
Soybean Milk Production: An Enzymatic Approach
Authors: Rani Jyoti , Gautam Vinay
Published: September 2022

Commercialized method for soymilk extraction vs Enzyme assisted soymilk (Hi-Media cellulase enzyme from Trichoderma viride and pectinase enzyme from Rhizopus spp. were used at varied concentrations to temperature and time combinations) methods were studied. Standardizing the time period for pre-soaking of soybean grains followed by boiling of those pre-soaked grains in the above mentioned two methods. Later, observing the effects of pre-soaking time on extracted soymilk quantity and quality. The results have shown exactly double milk yield with enzyme assisted soymilk extraction method (cellulase enzyme was found substantial effective in milk extraction to pectinase enzyme) to the commercial soymilk extraction method. In terms of the soymilk quantity and quality, the enzyme assisted method of soymilk extraction can be considered as an alternative over commercial method of soymilk production for the soymilk production with rich nutrients. Thus, enzyme assisted extraction method can be considered as a novel processing method for soymilk extraction with enriched nutritional quality, double milk yield and less of byproducts (OKARA). As a whole de-hulled soybean can be completely converted to milk.
Jintiange Capsule May Have a Positive Effect in OVCF Patients with percutaneous vertebral augmentation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors:   Beijing University of traditional Chinese medicine, China, Feng Ningning , Guan Jianbin , Yu Xing , Li Wenhao , Liu Tao , Jiang Guozheng , Yang Kaitan , Yang Yongdong , Zhao He
Published: September 2022

Review question / Objective: We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of JTG capsules on patients with OVCF underwent PVA surgery, focusing on clinical outcomes and drug safety. Condition being studied: This meta-analysis aims to systematic evaluation of clinical efficacy and adverse effects of JTG with PVA in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).Our current evidence suggests that JTG capsule may relieve pain in OVCF patients who underwent PVA surgery, improve functional activity, and increase BMD, particularly in patients under the age of 70, as well as increase BGP levels.However, considering the unsatisfactory quality of the included trials, more high-quality trials are needed to prove this issue.
Second-generation supraglottic airways vs endotracheal tubes in adults undergoing abdominopelvic surgeries: a protocol for a systematic review with pairwise meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials
Authors:   Federal University of Campina Grande, de Carvalho Clístenes Crístian , Kapsokalyvas Ioannis , El-Boghdadly Kariem
Published: September 2022

Review question / Objective: We aim to compare second-generation supraglottic airways with endotracheal tubes for perioperative safety and quality of postoperative recovery as well as for ventilation performance and risk of pulmonary aspiration. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria will be as follows: randomized clinical trials; human patients aged ≥ 16 years undergoing abdominopelvic procedures under general anaesthesia from any population (e.g., general population, pregnant women, obese patients); data available on any outcome related to insertion performance (e.g., failed first attempt, failed insertion, and time to insertion), ventilation efficacy (e.g., leak pressure, leak fraction, and ventilation inadequacy), risk of regurgitation and aspiration (e.g., gastric insufflation, regurgitation, and aspiration), quality of postoperative recovery (e.g., sore throat, hoarseness, and postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV]), and major complications (e.g., laryngospasm, bronchospasm, and hypoxemia); and comparison between any second-generation SGA and an endotracheal tube. We will exclude: studies reported in a language that prevent us of extracting relevant information; outcomes with no objective data presented (i.e., effect sizes, measures of dispersion, frequency, etc.); and studies with contradictory data.
Теория компрессоров и турбин авиационных ГДТ
Authors: Rzhavin Yu. A. , Agulnik A. B. , Gusarov S. A. , Kasarev V. N. , Kiktev S. I.
Published: September 2022

Представлены основы теории, методы выбора основных параметров и термогазодинамические расчеты лопаточных машин (осевых и центробежных компрессоров, осевых и центростремительных турбин) авиационных газотурбинных двигателей. Изложены материалы, касающиеся особенностей протекания характеристик компрессоров и турбин на расчетных и нерасчетных режимах их работы. Рассмотрены основные уравнения и пространственные модели течения жидкости в каналах лопаточных машин. Для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки бакалавриата и магистратуры «Двигатели летательных аппаратов», специалитета «Проектирование авиационных двигателей и энергетических установок», а также по смежным направлениям подготовки и специальностям.
DOES INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR’S CASH COMPENSATION MATTER? EVIDENCE FROM CORPORATE FRAUD
Authors: Radwan Alkebsee , Tian Gaoliang , Garefalakis Alexandros , Koutoupis Andreas , Kyriakogkonas Panagiotis
Published: September 2022

This study empirically investigates the relationship between independent directors’ cash compensation and the likelihood of corporate fraud. Using data of 2542 Chinese firms and 17239 firm years from 2010 to 2017, the findings of logistic regression, firm-fixed effects, instrumental variable specification, and propensity score matching models show that there is a negative association between cash compensation of independent directors and corporate fraud. Our findings suggest that if independent directors are treated with higher cash compensation, it enhances the board’s independence and makes the effective monitoring over management behaviors and financial reporting process. On contrary to non-SOEs, the findings also document that the negative association between independent directors’ compensation and corporate fraud is pronounced in SOEs. The study not only shows the impact of independent director’s compensation on firm fraud beyond agency and contract theories but also creates policy implications regarding independent director’s compensation in particular scenario of emerging economies.
The Internal Line-of-Sight Kinematics of NGC 346: The Rotation of the Core Region
Authors: Zeidler Peter , Sabbi Elena , Nota Antonella
Published: September 2022

We present the stellar radial velocity analysis of the central

1
′
×
1
′

of the young massive Small Magellanic Cloud star cluster NGC 346. Using VLT/MUSE integral field spectroscopy in combination with Hubble Space Telescope photometry, we extract 103 spectra of cluster member stars suited to measure accurate line-of-sight kinematics. The cluster member stars show two distinct velocity groups at

v
1

=
−

3.3

−
0.2

+
0.3

km

s

−
1

and

v
2

=

2.6

−
0.1

+
0.1

km

s

−
1

, relative to the systemic velocity of (165.5 ± 0.2) km s−1, and hint at a third group at

v
3

=

9.4

−
0.1

+
0.1

km

s

−
1

. We show that there is neither a correlation between the velocity groups and the spatial location of the stars, nor their locus on optical color–magnitude diagrams, which makes the stellar velocity a key parameter to separate individual stellar components in such a young star cluster. Velocity group 2 shows clear rotation with Ω2 =(−0.4 ± 0.1) Myr−1, corresponding to (−4.9 ± 0.7) km s−1 at radial distance of 10 pc from the center, a possible remnant of the formation process of NGC 346 through the hierarchical collapse of the giant molecular cloud. The ionizing gas has lost any natal kinematic imprint and shows clear expansion, driven by far-ultraviolet fluxes and stellar winds of the numerous OB stars in the cluster center. The size of this expanding bubble and its expansion velocity of 7.9 km s−1 are in excellent agreement with the estimate that the latest star formation episode occurred about two million years ago.
Examining AGN UV/Optical Variability beyond the Simple Damped Random Walk
Authors: Yu Weixiang , Richards Gordon T. , Vogeley Michael S. , Moreno Jackeline , Graham Matthew J.
Published: September 2022

We present damped harmonic oscillator (DHO) light-curve modeling for a sample of 12,714 spectroscopically confirmed quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 region. DHO is a second-order continuous-time autoregressive moving-average process, which can be fully described using four independent parameters: a natural oscillation frequency (ω
0), a damping ratio (ξ), a characteristic perturbation timescale (τ
perturb), and an amplitude for the perturbing white noise (σ

ϵ
). The asymptotic variability amplitude of a DHO process is quantified by σ
DHO—a function of ω
0, ξ, τ
perturb, and σ

ϵ
. We find that both τ
perturb and σ

ϵ
follow different dependencies with rest-frame wavelength (λ
RF) on either side of 2500 Å, whereas σ
DHO follows a single power-law relation with λ
RF. After correcting for wavelength dependence, σ
DHO exhibits anticorrelations with both the Eddington ratio and the black hole mass, while τ
perturb—with a typical value of days in the rest frame—shows an anticorrelation with the bolometric luminosity. Modeling active galactic nuclei (AGN) variability as a DHO offers more insight into the workings of accretion disks close to the supermassive black holes at the center of AGN. The newly discovered short-term variability (characterized by τ
perturb and σ

ϵ
) and its correlation with bolometric luminosity pave the way for new algorithms that will derive fundamental properties (e.g., Eddington ratio) of AGN using photometric data alone.
Stellar Populations of Lyα-emitting Galaxies in the HETDEX Survey. I. An Analysis of LAEs in the GOODS-N Field
Authors: McCarron Adam P. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Chavez Ortiz Oscar A. , Davis Dustin , Cooper Erin Mentuch , Jung Intae , White Delaney R. , Leung Gene C. K. , Gebhardt Karl , Acquaviva Viviana , Bowman William P. , Ciardullo Robin , Gawiser Eric , Gronwall Caryl , Hill Gary J. , Kollatschny Wolfram , Landriau Martin , Liu Chenxu , Mock Daniel N. , Sánchez Ariel G.
Published: September 2022

We present the results of a stellar population analysis of 72 Lyα-emitting galaxies (LAEs) in GOODS-N at 1.9 < z < 3.5 spectroscopically identified by the Hobby−Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX). We provide a method for connecting emission-line detections from the blind spectroscopic survey to imaging counterparts, a crucial tool needed as HETDEX builds a massive database of ∼1 million Lyα detections. Using photometric data spanning as many as 11 filters covering 0.4 < λ (μm) < 4.5 from the Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope, we study the objects’ global properties and explore which properties impact the strength of Lyα emission. We measure a median stellar mass of

0.8

−
0.5

+
2.9

×

10

9

M

⊙

and conclude that the physical properties of HETDEX spectroscopically selected LAEs are comparable to LAEs selected by previous deep narrowband studies. We find that stellar mass and star formation rate correlate strongly with the Lyα equivalent width. We then use a known sample of z > 7 LAEs to perform a protostudy of predicting Lyα emission from galaxies in the epoch of reionization, finding agreement at the 1σ level between prediction and observation for the majority of strong emitters.
Observations and Simulations of Radio Emission and Magnetic Fields in Minkowski's Object
Authors: Nolting C. , Lacy M. , Croft S. , Fragile P. C. , Linden S. T. , Nyland K. , Patil P.
Published: September 2022

We combine new data from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array with previous radio observations to create a more complete picture of the ongoing interactions between the radio jet from galaxy NGC 541 and the star-forming system known as Minkowski’s Object (MO). We then compare those observations with synthetic radio data generated from a new set of magnetohydrodynamic simulations of jet–cloud interactions specifically tailored to the parameters of MO. The combination of radio intensity, polarization, and spectral index measurements all convincingly support the interaction scenario and provide additional constraints on the local dynamical state of the intracluster medium and the time since the jet–cloud interaction first began. In particular, we show that only a simulation with a bent radio jet can reproduce the observations.
Constraints on the Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Short GRBs with HAWC
Authors: Albert A. , Alfaro R. , Alvarez C. , Arteaga-Velázquez J. C. , Arunbabu K. P. , Rojas D. Avila , Solares H. A. Ayala , Babu R. , Belmont-Moreno E. , Brisbois C. , Caballero-Mora K. S. , Capistrán T. , Carramiñana A. , Casanova S. , Chaparro-Amaro O. , Cotti U. , Cotzomi J. , de León S. Coutiño , León C. de , De la Fuente E. , Hernandez R. Diaz , Dichiara S. , Dingus B. L. , DuVernois M. A. , Durocher M. , Díaz-Vélez J. C. , Engel K. , Espinoza C. , Fan K. L. , Fraija N. , Galván-Gámez A. , García-González J. A. , Garfias F. , González M. M. , Goodman J. A. , Harding J. P. , Hernandez S. , Hona B. , Huang D. , Hueyotl-Zahuantitla F. , Humensky T. B. , Hüntemeyer P. , Iriarte A. , Joshi V. , Kaufmann S. , Lara A. , Lee W. H. , Vargas H. León , Linnemann J. T. , Longinotti A. L. , Luis-Raya G. , Malone K. , Marinelli S. S. , Martinez O. , Martínez-Castro J. , Matthews J. A. , Miranda-Romagnoli P. , Morales-Soto J. A. , Moreno E. , Mostafá M. , Nayerhoda A. , Nellen L. , Newbold M. , Noriega-Papaqui R. , Peisker A. , Araujo Y. Pérez , Pérez-Pérez E. G. , Ren Z. , Rho C. D. , Rosa-González D. , Rosenberg M. , Sacahui J. R. , Salazar H. , Greus F. Salesa , Sandoval A. , Serna-Franco J. , Smith A. J. , Springer R. W. , Surajbali P. , Tibolla O. , Tollefson K. , Torres I. , Torres-Escobedo R. , Turner R. , Villaseñor L. , Wang X. , Willox E. , Zepeda A. , Zhou H. ,   THE HAWC COLLABORATION
Published: September 2022

Many gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been observed from radio wavelengths, and a few at very high energies (VHEs, >100 GeV). The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is well suited to study transient phenomena at VHEs owing to its large field of view and duty cycle. These features allow for searches of VHE emission and can probe different model assumptions of duration and spectra. In this paper, we use data collected by HAWC between 2014 December and 2020 May to search for emission in the energy range from 80 to 800 GeV coming from a sample of 47 short GRBs that triggered the Fermi, Swift, and Konus satellites during this period. This analysis is optimized to search for delayed and extended VHE emission within the first 20 s of each burst. We find no evidence of VHE emission, either simultaneous or delayed, with respect to the prompt emission. Upper limits (90% confidence level) derived on the GRB fluence are used to constrain the synchrotron self-Compton forward-shock model. Constraints for the interstellar density as low as 10−2 cm−3 are obtained when assuming z = 0.3 for bursts with the highest keV fluences such as GRB 170206A and GRB 181222841. Such a low density makes observing VHE emission mainly from the fast-cooling regime challenging.
Seasonal variation in mortality in the city of Barnaul based on the Pokrovsky parish registers (1877-1897)
Authors: Vinnik Maria V.
Published: September 2022

The paper analyzes seasonal fluctuations in mortality among the parish population on the basis of parish registers of the Pokrovsky parish in Barnaul in the last third of the XIX century. The study results show that infant mortality in Barnaul in 1877-1897 was still strongly dependable upon the time of year. Summer and winter peaks suggest a continued role of exogenous causes of death. Infant mortality rates in summer were three times higher than the annual average. The mortality peak is mainly registered in June. Starting from the age of 10-14, the seasonal factor passes from the picture, and deaths are distributed more evenly over the seasons.

The analysis of seasonal fluctuations in mortality by cause of death showed that in children, summer peaks are associated with infectious diseases, while winter peaks are due to cold-related diseases. Seasonal fluctuations in mortality by social class are not fundamentally different. It can be assumed that the demographic transition was still in its early stages and yet to be developed even in the upper classes, which had always been at the forefront of demographic modernization.

The obtained results and conclusions about seasonal fluctuations in infant and child mortality are consistent with pre-revolutionary and modern research. The existing differences in seasonal fluctuations in infant mortality exemplified by different cities and settlements in Russia with peaks either in July or August, may indicate a wide climatic diversity and socio-economic differences between regions of the country, as well as differences in calculation methods.
Counterexamples for the fractal Schrödinger convergence problem with an Intermediate Space Trick
Authors: Eceizabarrena Daniel , Ponce-Vanegas Felipe
Published: September 2022

We construct counterexamples for the fractal Schrödinger convergence problem by combining a fractal extension of Bourgain's counterexample and the intermediate space trick of Du–Kim–Wang–Zhang. We confirm that the same regularity as Du's counterexamples for weighted \begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document} restriction estimates is achieved for the convergence problem. To do so, we need to construct the set of divergence explicitly and compute its Hausdorff dimension, for which we use the Mass Transference Principle, a technique originated from Diophantine approximation.
Global properties of vector fields on compact Lie groups in Komatsu classes. II. Normal forms
Authors: Kirilov Alexandre , de Moraes Wagner A. A. , Ruzhansky Michael
Published: September 2022

Let \begin{document}$ G_1 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ G_2 $\end{document} be compact Lie groups, \begin{document}$ X_1 \in \mathfrak{g}_1 $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ X_2 \in \mathfrak{g}_2 $\end{document} and consider the operator \begin{document}$ L_{aq} = X_1 + a(x_1)X_2 + q(x_1,x_2), $\end{document} where \begin{document}$ a $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ q $\end{document} are ultradifferentiable functions in the sense of Komatsu, and \begin{document}$ a $\end{document} is real-valued. Assuming certain condition on \begin{document}$ a $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ q $\end{document} we characterize completely the global hypoellipticity and the global solvability of \begin{document}$ L_{aq} $\end{document} in the sense of Komatsu. For this, we present a conjugation between \begin{document}$ L_{aq} $\end{document} and a constant-coefficient operator that preserves these global properties in Komatsu classes. We also present examples of globally hypoelliptic and globally solvable operators on \begin{document}$ \mathbb{T}^1\times \mathbb{S}^3 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \mathbb{S}^3\times \mathbb{S}^3 $\end{document} in the sense of Komatsu. In particular, we give examples of differential operators which are not globally \begin{document}$ C^\infty $\end{document}–solvable, but are globally solvable in Gevrey spaces.
Basic reproduction number of the COVID-19 Delta variant: Estimation from multiple transmission datasets
Authors: Ueda Minami , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Nishiura Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

The basic reproduction number, $ R_0 $, plays a central role in measuring the transmissibility of an infectious disease, and it thus acts as the fundamental index for planning control strategies. In the present study, we apply a branching process model to meticulously observed contact tracing data from Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, obtained in early 2020 and mid-2021. This allows us to efficiently estimate $ R_0 $ and the dispersion parameter $ k $ of the wild-type COVID-19, as well as the relative transmissibility of the Delta variant and relative transmissibility among fully vaccinated individuals, from a very limited data. $ R_0 $ for the wild type of COVID-19 is estimated to be 3.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.72–3.83), with $ k = 0.236 $ (95% CI: 0.233–0.240). For the Delta variant, the relative transmissibility to the wild type is estimated to be 1.42 (95% CI: 0.94–1.90), which gives $ R_0 = 5.37 $ (95% CI: 3.55–7.21). Vaccine effectiveness, determined by the reduction in the number of secondary transmissions among fully vaccinated individuals, is estimated to be 91% (95% CI: 85%–97%). The present study highlights that basic reproduction numbers can be accurately estimated from the distribution of minor outbreak data, and these data can provide further insightful epidemiological estimates including the dispersion parameter and vaccine effectiveness regarding the prevention of transmission.
College Students' Behavior Initiative, Psychological Availability, and Innovation and Entrepreneurship: The Mediating Effect of Interest Orientation
Authors: Shi Chenggang
Published: September 2022

The features of college students’ initiative character and psychological availability can generate great influence on their Innovative and Entrepreneurship (I&E). Relevant existing studies paid insufficient attention on the interest orientation management of college students’ I&E from the perspective of I&E education, and few of them viewed the problems of the behavior initiative and psychological availability of college students’ I&E from the perspective of individual student. To fill in these research blanks, this paper aims to analyze the relationship among behavior initiative, psychological availability, and I&E interest orientation of college students. At first, based on the evaluation data of the behavior initiative and psychological availability features of college students’ I&E, tags of their I&E behavior were created, and the behavior preferences of their I&E were predicted based on the machine learning algorithm. Then, the prediction results of I&E interest were tested using the mediating effect method, and it’s found that when behavior initiative and psychological availability features affect college students’ I&E performance, interest orientation plays a mediating role in the process. The experiment verified the effectiveness of the proposed prediction model and gave the analysis results of the mediating effect.
Math Trainer as a Chatbot Via System (Push) Messages for Android
Authors: Kabiljagić Mirza , Wachtler Josef , Ebner Markus , Ebner Martin
Published: September 2022

In the recent years, as technology grew, so did the chatbot technology. More and more companies and people are using and reaping the benefits from them. This paper shows how a chatbot for mathematical tasks, named mathbot, was developed. The chatbot uses mathematical exercises from the “Schulapps” of the LearningLab of Graz, University of Technology and combines them with textual questions to provide a useful utility for practicing. It is shown that such a chatbot could be useful for pupils and teachers by evaluating a test run in an elementary school.
Bridging Learning Between School and Home With Emergency Remote Teaching
Authors: Catapano Susan
Published: September 2022

Elementary school media specialists have an important and supporting role in helping PreK-5th grade learners develop literacy skills and engage in appropriate use of technology while learning. During the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020-2021, teachers and family members found themselves cast in new roles. Teachers needed to develop strategies to deliver remote learning and families needed to develop strategies to support their children during literacy development using a remote format. The elementary school media specialist's role pivoted to help make connections between the school and home in supporting the unique positions teachers, librarians, families, and learners found themselves. This chapter offers an overview of the strategies one media coordinator used to help develop and implement as instruction moved to emergency remote teaching. The use of technology became paramount in engaging learners and delivering instruction.
Team Time
Authors: Urda Jennifer A.
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to examine a change project in an elementary school and how it helped students, families, teachers, and community members disrupt the system of public education, and also intentionally learn how to remain social during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants in this chapter reside in a small, rural town in the southeastern United States and mostly come from extremely low-income households. The information in this chapter comes from auto-ethnographic observations as well as empathy interviews with students and their families, teachers, and various members of the community who are involved with the school and school district. This change project began before the COVID-19 pandemic and was continuously redesigned to meet the needs of all stakeholders as decisions regarding the reopening of schools changed. Results conclude that learning at home led to strengthening the school's relationships with families and led to higher rates of student success in the learning environment.
Parenting Through a Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Movahedazarhouligh Sara
Published: September 2022

Early literacy development starts from infancy and plays a crucial role in enabling early learning experiences and supports later academic achievement, social and emotional wellbeing, and enhanced productivity in life. However, the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic changed daily life for many families. Yet, children's education and development did not pause, and supporting children, families, and care providers of all kinds remained as important as ever. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted families' critical role in supporting young children's early education and development, including early literacy development. This chapter aims to provide families and early childhood education and care (ECEC) professionals with resources to develop early literacy skills in young children. The chapter also includes an overview of family practices to support young children's early literacy skills development at home and a review of reading initiatives and resources that supported families in developing early literacy skills in young children.
Cultivating Nourishment and Compassion for Young Children's Minds, Hearts, and Souls Using Spiritual Literacy
Authors: Harris Kathleen I. , Teitelbaum Alexis M. , Holets Mercedes B.
Published: September 2022

The issue of mental health in young children is an increasing problem in society, and one that is intricate given the extensive range of experiences that have been described using this term. More than ever, mental health has been on the minds of caregivers over the past two years. A pandemic, combined with the stress of uncertainty and insecurity, is reason for us to consider what these events have done to our future generation of young citizens and leaders in our society. Educators and healthcare professionals are likely to meet children who have experienced trauma on a regular basis. This chapter will define and examine how promoting spiritual literacy can endorse a holistic curriculum that is focused on the whole child and the interconnectedness among the mind, heart, and soul. The importance of mindfulness will be explored with practices for improving spiritual well-being through its effects on mental health.
Detecting Bank Financial Fraud in South Africa Using a Logistic Model Tree
Authors: Makatjane Katleho , Moroke Ntebogang Dinah
Published: September 2022

Artificial intelligence is gradually becoming the standard mechanism underpinning online banking. Users' profiles can be confirmed using a variety of methods, including passcodes, fingerprints, acoustics, and images through this technology. On the other hand, traditional cybersecurity measures are unable to prevent internet-based fraud after the visualisation process has been infiltrated. In light of this, the aim of this chapter is to examine the efficiency of the logistic model tree (LMT) in detecting financial fraudulent transactions in South African banks and, ultimately, to develop a financial fraud early warning system. Web-scraping credit and debit card fraud data from SA are used to acquire daily data. The LMT is constructed utilizing a training set from the LogitBoost algorithm and obtained 17 financial conditioning elements. Overall, an early warning system model has shown to be a good performer with a prediction rate of 99.9%. This appears to be a promising approach for detecting online fraud vulnerabilities.
An Indicator-Based Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Multi-Cloud Environments
Authors: Pande Sohan Kumar , Swain Priyanka , Nayak Sanjib Kumar , Panda Sanjaya Kumar
Published: September 2022

Cloud computing is the ability to scale various resources and services that can be dynamically configured by the cloud service provider (CSP) and delivered on demand by the customers. The objective of most of the task scheduling algorithms is to ensure that the overall processing time of all the tasks (i.e., makespan) is minimized. Here, minimization of makespan in no way guarantees the minimization of execution cost. In indicator-based (IBTS) task scheduling algorithm for the multi-cloud environment, we can outline the significant contributions as the following: (1) IBTS achieves multi-objective solutions while considering parameters, makespan, and execution cost. (2) IBTS proposes a normalization framework with time and cost length indicators for efficient task scheduling. (3) The efficacy of the IBTS algorithm is demonstrated using both the benchmark and synthetic datasets. (4) The simulation outcomes of the IBTS algorithm in comparison with three existing task scheduling algorithms, namely ETBTS, MOTS, and PBTS, clearly exhibit superiority, which proves acceptance of IBTS algorithm.
Fabrication, Testing, and Comparative Analysis of Lithium Sulfur and Lithium-Ion Electrochemistries
Authors:   University of Maryland, Fisler Emily , Datta Anubhav
Published: September 2022

This paper addresses the fundamental barriers of eVTOL aircraft- energy and power. Lithium sulfur and lithium-ion coin cells were fabricated with identical overhead for a clear and consistent comparison of specific energy and power. The characteristics measured were discharge cycles, cycle life, impedance under conditions unique to electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft namely high C-Rates, half cycles, and high transients. Equivalent circuit models were developed and validated to predict the steady-state and transient behavior of these cells. The key conclusions are lithium sulfur provides more than twice the specific energy of lithium-ion up to currents of almost C/2. At 1C, it is comparable. Above 1C it drops drastically and by 4C the energy vanishes almost entirely. This is traced to an order of magnitude higher impedance of these cells. The price to pay for high energy is low cycle life. However, it appear this problem can be eliminated by half cycles. The dynamic behavior of lithium sulfur is richer in comparison to lithium-ion. The response is still capacitative, hence first order, but the complex Warburg and constant phase elements have far greater influence. The behavior is harder to model as it does not fit neatly into linear equivalent circuits. The key conclusion is that lithium sulfur appears to be an attractive alternative to lithium-ion with characteristics that have significant ramifications on future eVTOL design and infrastructure.
Improving the Performance of Bearing Analysis
Authors:   GPMS Inc., Bechhoefer Eric , Kethan Josh
Published: September 2022

Health and usage monitoring systems (Aka “HUMS”) have typically not been associated with CFR Title 14 type 27 normal category rotorcraft (weighing less than 7000 pounds, with a seating capacity of 9 or less), due in part to the cost of such systems relative to the asset value. This paper describes performance improvements to HUMS bearing diagnostics methodologies to enhance functionality and improve the business case for HUMS.
Manufacturing Innovation for Bell's Future Factory
Authors:   Bell Textron, Inc., Pike Amber
Published: September 2022

Bell Textron's Manufacturing Technology Center (MTC) is an innovative proving ground, commissioned on March 25, 2021. At the MTC, Bell tests and refines technologies to support the manufacturing readiness and build processes for future vertical flight aircraft. The MTC is designed to address the biggest rotorcraft manufacturing challenges, including cost, schedule, and quality. The facility is connected and controlled by a network of IT, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and cybersecurity systems that manage its processes and operational data. The MTC provides a breadth of capability and houses both manufacturing and quality inspection processes in one site that produces composite blades, gears, cases, tooling, and more. The MTC focus areas include manufacturing of rotorcraft dynamic components and advanced composites, but also include integration for aircraft assembly, digital infrastructure, and digital manufacturing. This paper shows how Bell's advances in manufacturing support high-rate rotorcraft production and optimal manufacturing.
Dynamic Load Analysis of Motion Converter Ball Bearings in a Pericyclic Transmission
Authors:   Sentient Science, Weinzapfel Nick , Bolander Nathan ,   Sentient Science, Mathur Tanmay ,   AgustaWestland Philadelphia Corporation, Smith Edward ,   Pennsylvania State University, DeSmidt Hans ,   University of Tennessee
Published: September 2022

Performance of ball bearings in the motion converter subassembly of an internally driven, single-speed, torque-split, twin configuration pericyclic transmission prototype is evaluated to extend the analytical knowledge base on this innovative transmission concept. A dynamic model of the transmission is developed with high-fidelity models of the installed rolling element bearings to determine their reactions. Attention is focused on the pair of ball bearings supporting the motion converter subassembly which are subjected to a complex combination of loads, including radial and axial forces, moments, carrier motion, and possibly internal preload. Then the influence of internal axial clearance and preload on the behavior of the rolling elements is analyzed with a fully dynamic ball bearing model. Provisions to consider the carrier motion and a robust integration algorithm for component orientations are presented. Finally, a microstructure-based fatigue life simulation of the critical bearing component is performed to demonstrate the effect of clearance/preload on bearing reliability.
Sikorsky Airframe Full Spectrum Customer/Supplier Collaboration
Authors:   Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company, Toni Darryl
Published: September 2022

Sikorsky airframe collaboration with suppliers and military customers has been evolving over the past 20 years to continually decrease the cycle time for design development including customer concurrent oversight and airworthiness certification (“Information Week - Communication Aids Design”, Reference 1). Future Vertical Lift (FVL) aircraft rapid development schedules including the Raider-X® Future Attack Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) Competitive Prototype (CP) fly-off and subsequent production design have mandated the need for concurrency in contractor / customer awareness of design details. To address this need, Sikorsky has developed a uniquely collaborative system to share structural analysis applications, structural models and substantiating data as it emerges real-time in development from multiple sources with customer oversight to assure consistency and accuracy to satisfy requirements for rapid certification.
Identification of senescence-related molecular subtypes and key genes for prostate cancer
Authors: Feng De-Chao , Zhu Wei-Zhen , Shi Xu , Xiong Qiao , You Jia , Wei Qiang , Yang Lu
Published: September 2022

We identified distinct senescence-related molecular subtypes and critical genes among prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical radiotherapy (RT). We conducted all analyses using R software and its suitable packages. Twelve genes, namely, secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), DNA topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), pleiotrophin (PTN), family with sequence similarity 107 member A (FAM107A), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14), prostate androgen-regulated mucin-like protein 1 (PARM1), leucine zipper protein 2 (LUZP2), cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member (ALDH2), were eventually used to subtype PCa patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and GSE116918, and the molecular subtypes showed good correlations with clinical features. In terms of the tumor immune environment (TME) analysis, compared with cluster 1, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) scored significantly higher, while endothelial cells scored lower in cluster 2 in TCGA database. There was a statistically significant correlation between both CAFs and endothelial cells with biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival for PCa patients undergoing RP. For the GSE116918 database, cluster 2 had significantly lower levels of CAFs and tumor purity and higher levels of stromal, immune, and Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) scores than cluster 1; in addition, patients with high levels of CAFs, stromal scores, immune scores, and ESTIMATE scores and low levels of tumor purity tended to suffer from BCR. Based on the median of differentially expressed checkpoints, high expression of CD96, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), and neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in GSE116918 and high expression of CD160 and tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 18 (TNFSF18) in TCGA database were associated with a significantly higher risk of BCR than their counterparts. In conclusion, we first constructed distinct molecular subtypes and critical genes for PCa patients undergoing RP or RT from the fresh perspective of senescence.
Variability of Heavy Metal Content of Phytomedicine from Foreign and Local Source Sold in Nigeria.
Authors: Samali A , Tarfa Florence D. , Mustapha K.B. , Ibekwe Nneka N , Adigwe O.P
Published: September 2022

The popularity of herbal products has been on increase throughout the world; but one major challenge facing it is lack of guaranteed safety with respect to heavy metals contamination. In this study, Chinese, Indian and Nigerian phytomedicine were evaluated for Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) in order to ascertain and compare their safety or level of contamination. The samples were purchased, processed and analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS). The results obtained were presented as mean concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in the Nigerian, Chinese and Indian phytomedicine as 1.23±0.03μg/g, 5.46±0.04μg/g, 5.16±0.01μg/g (Cu), 2.07±0.04μg/g, 9±0.06μg/g, 6.28±0.03μg/g (Cd), 4.42±0.18μg/g, 7.74±0.07μg/g, 5.05±0.06μg/g (Pb) and 2.90±0.04μg/g, 6.40±0.04μg/g, 2.53±0.04μg/g (Zn) respectively. The results indicated all the Nigerian herbal remedies analyzed and 33.33% of the Chinese and Indian herbal remedies contained cadmium above WHO permissible limit (0.3 μg/g) for herbals. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results obtained at p-value 95% (p ˂ 0.050) ranges from significant to non-significant difference of means among the three countries. The correlation coefficient (r) also ranges from negative to strong degree of association. The variability of the heavy metals content could be associated to geographical, environmental, anthropogenic factors and heavy metals absorption potentials of the medicinal plants used. Environmental monitoring of herbal materials is required in order to ensure their safety from chemical pollutants that could lead to bio-accumulation of heavy metals in herbal materials.