bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic rearrangements and typifications in Myrcia sect. Tomentosae (Myrteae, Myrtaceae)
Authors: DE LANNOY LAURA C. , GOLDENBERG RENATO , LIMA DUANE F.
Published: May 2019

Myrcia sect. Tomentosae is morphologically easily distinguished from the other sections of Myrcia by the buds constricted below the ovary and calyx lobes reflexed at anthesis, but the specific limits within the group are not always clear. Inside this section, Myrcia lajeana, M. laruotteana, M. selloi and M. tomentosa form a species complex distributed mainly in central, southeastern and southern Brazil, but with some specimens collected in neighboring countries. Characters such as indumentum density, leaf shape, size and venation, bracteoles size, and persistence or not of the calyx lobes in the fruits are used to distinguish these species but are highly variable and many individuals with intermediate states can be found. Recent genetic studies showed this complex as separated in two big genetic pools, one containing only M. tomentosa and the other with M. lajeana, M. laruotteana and M. selloi mixed together. Based on these results and additional morphological and literature analyses, we propose here a new taxonomic arrangement of the complex with the synonymization of M. laruotteana and M. lajeana under M. selloi. Moreover, 16 lectotypes and 3 neotypes are here selected, and notes on morphology are presented.
New species of Nesocricos and Tanycricos (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae: Cheirochelinae: Tanycricini) in the mountains of West Papua, Indonesian New Guinea
Authors: SITES ROBERT W. , _ SUPUTA
Published: May 2019

Two new species of Tanycricini are described from mountain streams of Indonesian New Guinea. Both species were collected at 1,348 m elevation from Ingging River in West Papua. Nesocricos ingging Sites n.sp. was represented by macropterous and submacropterous forms. Tanycricos inequalis Sites n.sp. was represented by macropterous and brachypterous forms. Nesocricos evops La Rivers is reported from the Baliem Valley of Indonesian New Guinea.
A new genus and species of tribe Macrosiphini (Hemiptera, Aphididae) from northeast China
Authors: STEKOLSHCHIKOV ANDREY V. , GE-XIA QIAO
Published: May 2019

Brevisiphonaphis hirsutissima gen. nov., sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in northeast China on Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot (Asteraceae). The genus is illustrated with the biometric data for apterous viviparous females. This aphid genus is closely related to Microsiphum Cholodkovsky, 1902 and Microsiphoniella Hille Ris Lambers, 1947. Type specimens are deposited at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, and at the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia.
A review of Tachardiobius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), with description of a new species from California, USA, a parasitoid of Tachardiella spp. (Hemiptera: Kerriidae)
Authors: TRIAPITSYN SERGUEI V.
Published: May 2019

A new species of the little known genus Tachardiobius Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is described from Arizona and California, USA. A part of the type series of T. vladimiri sp. n. (from California) was reared from the lac scales Tachardiella larreae (Comstock) on an unknown plant and Tachardiella sp. (Hemiptera: Kerriidae) on Adenostoma sp. The other two described species, T. nigricans Timberlake (Mexico and USA) and T. silvestrii De Santis (Argentina), are re-diagnosed and illustrated. A key to the species of Tachardiobius is provided and their distribution and host associations are indicated.
A new species of the sessile crinoid Holopus d'Orbigny from the tropical western Atlantic, with comments on holopodid ecology (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Holopodidae)
Authors: DONOVAN STEPHEN K. , PAWSON DAVID L.
Published: May 2019

Holopus mikihe new species is only the sixth extant holopodid crinoid to be described. It differs from all other extant holopodids in having large and distinct raised tubercles in the center line of the aboral surface of proximal secundibrachials, giving it the appearance of a mailed fist. The holotype, from 758 m, also comes from outside the known depth range of the other tropical western Atlantic species, H. rangii d’Orbigny. Some comments are provided on the ecology of Caribbean holopodids, based upon data obtained during dives of the Johnson-Sea-Link manned submersibles.
Redescription of Liolaemus dorbignyi Koslowsky, 1898 and description of a new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Authors: QUINTEROS ANDRÉS SEBASTIÁN , ABDALA CRISTIAN SIMÓN , LOBO FERNANDO JOSÉ
Published: May 2019

Liolaemus dorbignyi is re-described, and its type locality restricted to the Sierra de Fiambalá, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Also, Liolaemus scrocchii sp. nov., a new species of Liolaemus belonging to the L. montanus series, previously confused with L. dorbignyi , is described. This new species inhabits the phytogeographic region of Puna in Argentina at 3500 m. and is distributed in Jujuy and northwestern Salta provinces. Diagnostic characters include the color pattern, (composed of transverse paravertebral spots, that are band shaped and never reach the lateral region, and never contact the vertebral zone), and the number of scales around midbody. Several populations from different localities were considered L. dorbignyi because of their color pattern and squamation. Even though part of this confusion is clarified in this contribution, some populations still require further study.
Amaryllididae and Lysianassidae (Amphipoda: Lysianassoidea) from off the central coast of Brazil (11oS-22oS), with descriptions of three new species
Authors: SENNA ANDRÉ R. , SEREJO CRISTIANA S.
Published: May 2019

Material collected on the central Brazilian coast from the REVIZEE Benthos Program was analyzed and three new species were herein described. Knowledge about sexual dimorphism on Bonassa is improved. The hypothesis of endemism of the genus Amaryllis to Australia is contested with the discovery of a new species of Amaryllis in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. A new species of Lysianassa is described, and its differences to L. brasiliensis are commented too. Lysianopsis concavus Senna, 2007 is herein described with more details in description and figures. The distributions of the described species are given. Keys to identification of Brazilian Lysianassoidea families and Lysianassidae species are presented in this paper.Key-words: Amaryllis, Bonassa, Lysianassa, Lysianopsis, taxonomy, Brazilian province
New records of Scatopsidae (Diptera) from southeastern Mexico, and descriptions of new species of Swammerdamella Enderlein and Colobostema Enderlein
Authors: HUERTA HERÓN , IBÁÑEZ-BERNAL SERGIO
Published: May 2019

The following Scatopsidae species are recorded in Mexico by first time: Parascatopse flavida Cook, Thripomorpha chaboti Haenni and Rapp and Parascatopse sp., Colobostema hoffmannae sp. nov., Swammerdamella grogani sp. nov., and the female of Parascatopse flavida Cook are described.Keys words: Scatopsidae, Colobostema, Parascatopse, Swammerdamella, Thripomorpha, Mexico, distribution, new species
First Florida records for Anovia circumclusa (Gorham) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Noviini): A natural enemy of Icerya genistae Hempel (Hemiptera: Margarodidae)
Authors: FORRESTER JUANITA A. , VANDENBERG NATALIA J.
Published: May 2019

Lady beetles in the tribe Noviini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are well-known control agents for scale insects. The tribe consists of ~ 80 species divided among three genera, and is represented on every continent except Antarctica. Anovia Casey is native to North and South America, Novius Mulsant is restricted to Australia, and Rodolia Mulsant, while native to Australia, has been widely introduced to other regions of the world.
Two new tretodictyids (Hexactinellida: Hexactinosida: Tretodictyidae) from the coasts of North America
Authors: REISWIG HENRY M. , DOHRMANN MARTIN , POMPONI SHIRLEY , WÖRHEIDE GERT
Published: May 2019

Two new species of the hexactinellid family Tretodictyidae, both collected by submersible, have been discovered off the coasts of North America. The Pacific species, Tretodictyum montereyensis n. sp., has an unusual skeleton with a fused cortex added over the usual tretodictyid system of ridges and grooves on the dermal surface. The Atlantic species, Hexactinella carolinensis n. sp., is unusual among its congeners in having swollen nodes on the dermal skeleton. Diagnoses of both genera have been modified to accommodate the new findings. The fine diactins of both species are found to have shallow brackets and short barbs, confirming their uncinate nature. Addition of these two species raises the number of known North American tretodictyids from one to three.
A new species of Parhyalella Kunkel, 1910 (Amphipoda, Talitroidea, Dogielinotidae) from the coast of Chile
Authors: PÉREZ–SCHULTHEISS JORGE , CRESPO JULIO E.
Published: May 2019

In Chile, amphipods of the genus Parhyalella Kunkel, 1910 (Amphipoda, Talitroidea, Dogielinotidae) have been assigned to Parhyalella ruffoi Lazo-Wasem and Gable, 2001 and recently have been used in macroalgal ecology studies. We show, however that these specimens belong to an undescribed species, that we describe herein as Parhyalella penai n. sp. This new species is characterised by a 4-conjointed article 1 of flagellum of antenna 1, bifurcate dactyl of gnathopod 1, width of article 6 of gnathopod 2 around 70% of its length and the presence of two distal spines in the peduncle of uropod 3. A new key to the genus Parhyalella is given.
Robber flies of South Korea-V. South Korean species of the Subfamily Apocleinae Papavero, 1973 (Diptera, Asilidae)
Authors: YOUNG CHARLES L. , HRADSKÝ MILAN M.
Published: May 2019

Two genera and 5 species within the subfamily Apocleinae Papavero, 1973 are recorded from South Korea. New records include: Philodicus integer (Macquart, 1846), Promachus anicius (Walker, 1849), Promachus chinensis Ricardo, 1920 and Promachus nigribarbatus (Becker, 1925). The genus Philodicus Loew is a new record for the area. Drawings of diagnostic features, a checklist, key and descriptions are included.
Two new Stenus (Hypostenus) species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Steninae)
Authors: ZHAO CAI-YUN , CAI WAN-ZHI , ZHOU HONG-ZHANG
Published: May 2019

Two new Hypostenus species, Stenus (Hypostenus) trifurcatus sp. n. (apterous) and S. (H.) cuneatus sp. n. (brachypterous), are described from Hubei Province, China. Important morphological characters, such as 8th and 9th abdominal sternites of male, aedeagus and spermatheca are illustrated. Key to Chinese species of micuba group is provided.
The genus Cloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in Argentina with new generic synonymy and new species
Authors: NIETO CAROLINA , RICHARD BARTON
Published: May 2019

Three new species of Cloeodes are described from Argentina (C. barituensis, C. espinillo and C. opacus), based on nymphs and from adults for the first two species. Two species, C. stelzneri and C. nocturnus, are proposed as nomen dubia. The only other species from Argentina, C. penai, is revised. The validity of the monotypic genus Bernerius is analyzed. A cladistic analysis including five species of the genus Cloeodes and Bernerius is presented and the synonymy of the latter is confirmed. A key for South American species of Cloeodes is presented.
Revision of the genus Gelastissus Kirkaldy (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Caliscelidae)
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M.
Published: May 2019

The genus Gelastissus Kirkaldy, 1906 is revised. Conocaliscelis Matsumura, 1916 is placed in synonymy under Gelastissus Kirkaldy, 1906. Gelastissus histrionicus Kirkaldy, 1906 is placed in synonymy under G. albolineatus Kirkaldy, 1906 and Conocaliscelis koshunensis Matsumura, 1916 under C. hokutonis Matsumura, 1916. G. albolineatus is firstly recorded from New Guinea and G. hokutonis from Vietnam.
The discovery of the genus Caecina Stal (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Ectrichodiinae) from China, with the description of a new species
Authors: CUI JIANXIN , LI HU , CAI WANZHI
Published: May 2019

A species of the genus Caecina Stål has been discovered from China. Caecina sinica is described as new. Illustrations of habitus, phallus and other important characteristics of the new species are provided. The holotype is preserved in Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University.
A new species for Limulopteryx from Cameroon with the first record of termitophilous Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) outside the Neotropics
Authors: GREBENNIKOV VASILY V.
Published: May 2019

A new and apparently termitophilous featherwing beetle Limulopteryx hintelmanni sp.n. from Cameroon is described and extensively illustrated. This is the first record of termitophilous Ptiliidae outside the Neotropical Region. Taxonomic position of the new species and that of the genus Limulopteryx are discussed. All records of Ptiliidae associated with termites are reviewed.
A new species of Machaerota Burmeister (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Machaerotidae) from China and Laos
Authors: NIE JING , LIANG AI-PING
Published: May 2019

A new species of the tube spittlebug genus Machaerota Burmeister (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Machaerotidae), M. conicapita sp. nov. (southwestern China: Yunnan; Laos: Borikhane) is described and illustrated. A checklist of Machaerota from China and a key to 12 species are provided.
Kaieteurodicus, description and discussion of a new genus of neotropical aleurodicine whitefly (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Aleurodicinae)
Authors: MARTIN JON H.
Published: May 2019

Kaieteurodicus gen. nov. is described. It accommodates two new species, K. cereus from Guyana and K. panamensis from Panamá. The new genus is discussed in relation to a study of the genus Aleurodicus Douglas, which is continuing.
A story of nasal horns: two new subspecies of Iguana Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata, Iguanidae) in Saint Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, and Grenada (southern Lesser Antilles)
Authors: BREUIL MICHEL , VUILLAUME BARBARA , SCHIKORSKI DAVID , KRAUSS ULRIKE , MORTON MATTHEW N. , HAYNES PIUS , DALTRY JENNIFER C. , CORRY ELIZABETH , GAYMES GLENROY , GAYMES JOANNE , BECH NICOLAS , JELIĆ MIŠEL , GRANDJEAN FRÉDÉRIC
Published: May 2019

The Lesser Antilles, in the Eastern Caribbean, were long considered to have only two species in the genus Iguana Laurenti 1768: the Lesser Antillean iguana Iguana delicatissima, which is endemic to parts of the Lesser Antilles, and the Common green iguana Iguana iguana, which also occurs throughout Central and South America. No subspecies are currently recognised. However, herpetologists and reptile collectors have pointed out strong physical differences between some of the island populations of Iguana iguana and those from the continent. Drawing on both morphological and genetic data, this paper describes two subspecies of the Common green iguana Iguana iguana from the southern Lesser Antilles, specifically the countries of Saint Lucia Iguana iguana sanctaluciae and Iguana iguana insularis from St Vincent & the Grenadines, and Grenada. The form on the island of Saint Vincent has not been identified. The new subspecies are described based on the following unique combination of characters: Presence of high median and medium to small lateral horns on the snout; Small subtympanic plate not exceeding 20% of the eardrum size; Two or three scales of decreasing size anterior to the subtympanic plate; Fewer than ten small to medium triangular gular spikes; Medium sized dewlap; Low number of small to medium dispersed nuchal tubercles; Dark brown iris, with the white of the eye visible; Oval, prominent nostril; Short and relatively flat head; High dorsal spines; No swelling of the jowls in reproductively active males.                Iguana iguana sanctaluciae has in adults vertical black stripes on body and tail and a black dewlap whereas Iguana iguana insularis is pale grey or creamy white in adults.                Both subspecies are globally threatened by unsustainable hunting (including the pet trade) and by invasive alien species,     including hybridization from invasive iguanas from South and Central America (I. iguana iguana and I. rhinolopha, considered here as full species) that have become established in all three countries. The authors call for stronger measures to conserve the remaining purebred Iguana i. insularis and Iguana i. sanctaluciae ssp. nov. throughout their ranges and for further research to identify other cryptic species and subspecies of Iguana in the Lesser Antilles.
A new genus and species, Barbaropus flatus, from Ecuador with notes on Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)
Authors: XU YE , QIN DAO-ZHENG , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H.
Published: May 2019

A new microleafhopper genus, Barbaropus gen. nov., is described based on a new species, Barbaropus flatus sp. nov. from Ecuador. Male habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia are provided and differences between the new genus and closely related Neotropical genera are discussed. The relationship and the status of this new genus within the tribe are also discussed.
Exploring the false promise of entrepreneurship through a postfeminist critique of the enterprise policy discourse in Sweden and the UK
Authors: Ahl Helene , Marlow Susan
Published: May 2019

Contemporary theories of neoliberalism and entrepreneurship are entwined; both hinge upon the use of agency within free markets to realise individual potential, enhance status and attain material rewards. Postfeminism, as a discrete but related discourse, suggests this context is conducive to encouraging women to draw upon their agency, skills and personal profile to enhance achievements and returns. We draw from these related, but discrete discourses, when critically analysing how postfeminist assumptions shape Swedish and UK government policies aimed at expanding women’s entrepreneurship. Despite differing historical antecedents regarding state engagement with equality and welfare regimes, we illustrate how postfeminist assumptions have infiltrated policy initiatives in both cases. This infiltration has, we suggest, suppressed criticisms that in a context of persistent structural discrimination, lack of welfare benefits and contrived aspirational role models, entrepreneurship constitutes a poor career choice for many women. Consequently, we challenge the value of contemporary policy initiatives encouraging more women to enter entrepreneurship.
A Chinese Innovation Based on Western Methods: The Double-Epicycle Solar Model in the Lixiang kaocheng, 1722
Authors: Wang Guangchao , Sun Xiaochun
Published: May 2019

This article attempts to show how an effort was made by Chinese astronomers to improve on the solar model under the auspice of Emperor Kangxi, in circumstances of the merging of Western and Chinese mathematical astronomy. The result of this effort is the Lixiang kaocheng. Different from the eccentric solar model in the previous calendars, Lixiang kaocheng invented a double-epicycle model to describe the solar motion, aiming at bringing computations into agreement with observation. The observational data used for determining the parameters of solar model might be obtained with Tychonic instruments. But it is also possible that these “observational data” might have been derived from Western astronomical tables. Although actual observations did become more accurate, it did not reflect upon the revision of the solar model. The accuracy of the solar model in the Lixiang kaocheng did not increase very much compared with the previous models.
Conventions, Courts, and Communities: Gender Equity, CEDAW and Religious Personal Law in India
Authors: Holmes Carolyn E
Published: May 2019

The Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women is central in outlining the gendered dimensions of human rights. India ratified this treaty with the reservation that it would be complied with only in accordance with the religious personal law. This article will examine the ways in which the convention interfaces with religious personal law, and the efficacy of the convention in both top-down and bottom-up reform of religious personal laws, as well as secular laws.
A Century of Change towards Prevention and Minimal Intervention in Cariology
Authors: Innes N.P.T. , Chu C.H. , Fontana M. , Lo E.C.M. , Thomson W.M. , Uribe S. , Heiland M. , Jepsen S. , Schwendicke F.
Published: May 2019

Better understanding of dental caries and other oral conditions has guided new strategies to prevent disease and manage its consequences at individual and public health levels. This article discusses advances in prevention and minimal intervention dentistry over the last century by focusing on some milestones within scientific, clinical, and public health arenas, mainly in cariology but also beyond, highlighting current understanding and evidence with future prospects. Dentistry was initially established as a surgical specialty. Dental caries (similar to periodontitis) was considered to be an infectious disease 100 years ago. Its ubiquitous presence and rampant nature—coupled with limited diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatment options—meant that these dental diseases were managed mainly by excising affected tissue. The understanding of the diseases and a change in their prevalence, extent, and severity, with evolutions in operative techniques, technologies, and materials, have enabled a shift from surgical to preventive and minimal intervention dentistry approaches. Future challenges to embrace include continuing the dental profession’s move toward a more patient-centered, evidence-based, less invasive management of these diseases, focused on promoting and maintaining oral health in partnership with patients. In parallel, public health needs to continue to, for example, tackle social inequalities in dental health, develop better preventive and management options for existing disease risk groups (e.g., the growing aging population), and the development of reimbursement and health outcome models that facilitate implementation of these evolving strategies. A century ago, almost every treatment involved injections, a drill or scalpel, or a pair of forceps. Today, dentists have more options than ever before available to them. These are supported by evidence, have a minimal intervention focus, and result in better outcomes for patients. The profession’s greatest challenge is moving this evidence into practice.
Delusional health beliefs
Authors: May Peter
Published: May 2019

Delusional health beliefs can be difficult and costly for practitioners to diagnose and manage. Patients often deny that mental distress is the cause of their illness, when it may be the most significant factor. Such patients can be relentless in their pursuit of a physical cause and go from doctor to doctor to find one who agrees with them, using up significant NHS resources. The number of negative investigations increases year on year, with the patient being referred back to their general practitioner without a working diagnosis. The recent publication of Susanne O'Sullivan's book, “It's All in your Head – True Stories of Imaginary Illness”, shines a bright and necessary light on the difficulties of getting these patients to accept that their problems originate in their minds. Doctors, alerted by fat files, may be well advised to question any previous diagnosis, if it is not borne out by physical evidence and does not conform to known diagnostic criteria and disease patterns. In this context, it is timely to consider the true cause of Stephen Hawking's illness, which he has called into question in his last book, published after his death. Allegedly, he had been suffering from motor neurone disease, diagnosed when he was a very young man.Yet he survived to the age of 76, albeit in his later years in an increasingly crippled and distressed state. Such longevity is totally inconsistent with MND. What then was the cause of Hawking's illness? Is there any firm evidence that a consultant neurologist ever made that diagnosis, and on what grounds? The interplay between mind and body is mysterious and complex, but we need to question every symptom, if it is not grounded in objective reality.
Role and use of independent evaluation in development-oriented agricultural research: The case of CGIAR, an agricultural research network
Authors: Immonen Sirkka , Cooksy Leslie
Published: May 2019

Agricultural research oriented towards developmental goals, such as poverty alleviation, better nutrition and environmental sustainability, is challenging for monitoring and evaluation. The causal chains are long, indirect and not well understood. CGIAR, a system of independent agricultural research centres with a mission to agricultural development, has a long history of evaluation and other mechanisms of accountability. The purpose of this article is to analyse the role and utility of independent evaluation in CGIAR over two decades during which the system established a programmatic approach to research and underwent governance changes. The key findings are (i) during the historic period when evaluation of research centres was the primary mechanism of accountability to donors and of improvement of research and management at centres, evaluations were used for their intended purposes and were important for the credibility of CGIAR; (ii) evaluation of programmes in networked systems of institutions revealed challenges related to divided management responsibilities and variance in contribution and performance among partners; (iii) systematic oversight of evaluations and implementation of their recommendations by CGIAR’s highest decision-makers, the donor governance body, has diminished over time thus influencing evaluation effectiveness; and (iv) fragmented, projectized funding has generated parallel accountability mechanisms used by individual donors aside with CGIAR’s centrally designed mechanisms. We conclude that independent evaluation remains a valuable, strategic tool for complementing indicator-based performance management focused on short-term results on one hand and impact assessment of past research on the other hand. It is needed to address qualitative and context-specific aspects of research performance, such as science and research quality and potential for effectiveness.
A Program Based on Common Technology to Support Communication Exchanges and Leisure in People With Intellectual and Other Disabilities
Authors: Lancioni Giulio E. , Singh Nirbhay N. , O’Reilly Mark F. , Alberti Gloria , Chiariello Valeria , Campanella Caterina , Grillo Giovanna , Tagliente Vincenzo
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to assess a new smartphone-based program version to allow seven participants with intellectual plus visual and/or motor disabilities and hesitant speech to send out and receive WhatsApp messages, make telephone calls, and access leisure activities. This program version relied on a Samsung A3 smartphone, which was automated through the MacroDroid application and responded to the input of specific cards and miniature objects. During the baseline (i.e., without the program), the participants’ performance was zero or close to zero on communication and leisure. During the use of the program, the participants increased their frequency of WhatsApp messages sent out and received/listened to, and of leisure activities accessed. Their frequency of telephone calls averaged between virtually zero and slightly above one. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the technology used for the program and the applicability of the program in daily contexts.
Applicability of an applied music notation system: A case study of Figurenotes
Authors: Kivijärvi Sanna
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of an applied music notation system, Figurenotes, by using the concept of educational method as theoretical lens. Figurenotes is examined through this lens at two levels: the micro level of music educational practice and the macro level of advancement of educational policies. The study is based on semi-structured interviews with experts in music education, special and general education, educational policy, music therapy, voluntary work, and music business as well as with students, clients, parents, and the developers of Figurenotes. The findings emphasise that the application of Figurenotes lowers the threshold for learning and teaching music, and is especially applicable in educational situations where the student’s cognitive load needs to be lessened. It is concluded that Figurenotes can be seen both as a pedagogical approach and as a method for advancing educational equity.
Dual-targeting strategy using trastuzumab and lapatinib in a patient with HER2 gene amplification in recurrent metachronous metastatic gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Ye Minfeng , Lv Jieqing , Xu Guangen , Wang Wei , Jing Yuanming , Sun Aijing , Lu Zengxin , Wu Xue , Liu Yichuan , Shao Yang W. , Liu Fang , Tao Feng
Published: May 2019

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a rare and highly aggressive tumor. Early diagnosis is challenging, which results in a poor prognosis using systemic therapy. Recent studies have identified a subset of GBC patients with HER2 gene (ERBB2) amplification that could benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. Here, we report one patient with recurrent metachronous GBC with metastasis, who received the combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib. This approach achieved a partial response for both the brain and the lung metastases. This study demonstrated that HER2 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for GBC with HER2 amplification and, combined with lapatinib, it can effectively target brain metastasis.
Exploration of purinergic receptors as potential anti-migraine targets using established pre-clinical migraine models
Authors: Haanes Kristian A , Labastida-Ramírez Alejandro , Blixt Frank W , Rubio-Beltrán Eloisa , Dirven Clemens M , Danser Alexander HJ , Edvinsson Lars , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette
Published: May 2019

Background

The current understanding of mechanisms behind migraine pain has been greatly enhanced with the recent therapies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor. The clinical efficacy of calcitonin gene-related peptide-blocking drugs indicates that, at least in a considerable proportion of patients, calcitonin gene-related peptide is a key molecule in migraine pain. There are several receptors and molecular pathways that can affect the release of and response to calcitonin gene-related peptide. One of these could be purinergic receptors that are involved in nociception, but these are greatly understudied with respect to migraine.

Objective

We aimed to explore purinergic receptors as potential anti-migraine targets.

Methods

We used the human middle meningeal artery as a proxy for the trigeminal system to screen for possible anti-migraine candidates. The human findings were followed by intravital microscopy and calcitonin gene-related peptide release measurements in rodents.

Results

We show that the purinergic P2Y13 receptor fulfills all the features of a potential anti-migraine target. The P2Y13 receptor is expressed in both the human trigeminal ganglion and middle meningeal artery and activation of this receptor causes: a) middle meningeal artery contraction in vitro; b) reduced dural artery dilation following periarterial electrical stimulation in vivo and c) a reduction of CGRP release from both the dura and the trigeminal ganglion in situ. Furthermore, we show that P2X3 receptor activation of the trigeminal ganglion causes calcitonin gene-related peptide release and middle meningeal artery dilation.

Conclusion

Both an agonist directed at the P2Y13 receptor and an antagonist of the P2X3 receptor seem to be viable potential anti-migraine therapies.
Resale Price Maintenance: Implications of Marketing Trends for the Colgate Doctrine and the Leegin Factors
Authors: Gundlach Gregory T. , Krotz Riley T.
Published: May 2019

Resale price maintenance (RPM) is a channel pricing strategy that restricts the price below which a reseller may sell a manufacturer’s product. More than $300 billion in U.S. sales are affected annually by RPM agreements. Adopting a marketing perspective and analyzing trends in distribution arrangements and marketing channel systems, the authors offer predictions regarding the antitrust treatment of RPM following the Supreme Court’s decision in Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc. (2007). This research furthers the understanding of the role of the prior Colgate doctrine in establishing the existence of an RPM agreement and the impact of the new Leegin factors for assessing the competitive effects of RPM. Implications for stakeholders affected by RPM and related unilateral price policies are discussed.
Examining the Indirect Effects of Self-Concept on Work Readiness Through Resilience and Career Calling
Authors: Lau Poh Li , Wilkins-Yel Kerrie G. , Wong Y. Joel
Published: May 2019

The current study examined the relations among self-concept, career calling, resilience, and work readiness in a Malaysian sample of vocational college students ( N = 674). As hypothesized, self-concept was positively associated with work readiness. To explain this relation further, we examined the indirect effect of self-concept through calling and resilience on work readiness. Using structural equation modeling, both career calling and resilience were found to be significant avenues through which self-concept influences work readiness. Results of the indirect effects also indicated that resilience was a stronger pathway compared to career calling. These results suggest that for vocational college students, a more crystallized self-concept may link to greater work readiness skills due, in part, to a heightened sense of resilience and clarity in one’s career calling.
Effect of Prenatal Waterpipe Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Cardiac Biomarkers in Adult Offspring Rats
Authors: Al-Sawalha Nour A. , Al-Filali Maria S. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Khabour Omar F.
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) consumption is increased among pregnant woman. Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure increased the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in offspring. The current study examined the effect of prenatal WTS exposure on inflammatory profile, oxidative stress, and cardiac biomarkers in adult offspring rats.

Methods:

Female rats received WTS (2 hours per day) or fresh air 1 day prior to mating and throughout the pregnancy period. The body and heart masses were measured in male offspring rats. The level of oxidative stress biomarkers, nitrate, inflammatory mediators (interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), and gene expression of protein kinase C epsilon, angiotensin 2 receptor one, and transforming growth factor beta1 were measured in cardiac tissue homogenates of 13-week-old male offspring rats.

Results:

Prenatal WTS exposure reduced body weight and increased heart to body weight ratio ( P < .05). Prenatal WTS exposure did not affect oxidative stress biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) but significantly increased catalase activity and nitrate level ( P < .05) in cardiac tissue of adult male offspring rats. In addition, prenatal exposure to WTS did not affect cardiac level of TNF-α and IL-6 as well as the gene expression of different cardiac modulators in adult male offspring rats ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Prenatal WTS exposure has detrimental consequences on adult offspring rats by increasing the ratio of heart to body mass, increasing the catalase activity and nitrate level in cardiac tissue of adult male offspring rats.
Acute Outcomes With a Novel Plaque Modification System in Real-World Femoropopliteal Lesions
Authors: Zeller Thomas , Lopez Louis , Pigott John P.
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

To report outcomes of a multicenter feasibility study using the FLEX Vessel Prep (VP) System, a novel technology that facilitates plaque incision and lumen gain in stenosed or occluded femoropopliteal arteries prior to balloon angioplasty.

Materials and Methods:

Two hundred fifty-five patients (mean age 71.8±9.1 years) were treated with the FLEX VP System at 38 centers between December 2015 and November 2017. Average lesion length was 133±88 mm. Average baseline stenosis was 92%±11%; 112 (44.3%) of 253 patients presented with a chronic total occlusion. Conventional or drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty was performed in all patients after vessel preparation. Vessel measurements were derived from angiograms acquired at baseline, after FLEX passage, and after subsequent ancillary procedures. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify baseline or procedure variables that predicted the need for provisional stenting.

Results:

Average percent reduction in vessel stenosis following treatment with the FLEX VP System was 27%±17%. No flow-limiting dissection, vessel perforation, or embolization was observed; 15 (5.9%) patients had minor (type A or B) dissections. Provisional stenting was performed in 49 (19.2%) patients. Average stenosis following angioplasty ± stenting was 9.1%±7.4%; 9 (3.6%) patients had significant residual stenosis ≥30%. Logistic regression analyses found that patients with dissections, longer lesions, and those receiving conventional balloon dilation alone were most likely to undergo stenting.

Conclusion:

In a real-world patient population with long, complex femoropopliteal lesions, use of the FLEX VP System as vessel preparation for angioplasty improved acute outcomes compared to historical controls. The rate of provisional stenting was low, and no serious vessel complications were observed.
Modified Efficient and Simple Method for Biological Spill Cleanup
Authors: Vijayan Viji , Sern Benson Ng Beng , Johnson Barbara
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

Spill response procedures are an important aspect of laboratories where infectious materials are handled. The decades-old conventional method of spill cleanup uses paper towels to cover the spill. It requires 2 staff and involves a considerable amount of bending and squatting and being able to balance in those positions while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). In this article, we describe a method that simplifies spill cleanup and compares it to the conventional method. The simplified method can be easily conducted by 1 person, takes about half the time, generates less waste, and reduces the amount of time spent in contaminated areas.

Objective:

The objective is to describe a modified, simple method of spill cleanup.

Methods:

A mock spill was created and a spill response initiated per the institution’s procedure. The simplified procedure uses a pail filled with decontaminant and a household mop dripping with the decontaminant. Mopping is done from the noncontaminated area toward the contaminated area so the spill does not spread. Mopping is done more than once, and all the materials used, including the mop(s), are disposed as biohazardous material.

Results:

The simplified spill cleanup process described here can be performed by just one person and does not require bending and squatting while wearing PPE. The kit is very simple, consisting of a pail and a mop, which are common household tools familiar to most people.

Conclusion:

The mop-and-pail methodology is simple, requires only one staff member, generates less biological waste, and requires less training and practice while effectively cleaning the spill.
Resting State EEG Characteristics During Sedation With Midazolam or Propofol in Older Subjects
Authors: Numan Tianne , van Dellen Edwin , Vleggaar Frank P. , van Vlieberghe Paul , Stam Cornelis J. , Slooter Arjen J. C.
Published: May 2019

Background. Despite widespread application, little is known about the neurophysiological effects of light sedation with midazolam or propofol, particularly in older subjects. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of light sedation with midazolam or propofol on a variety of EEG measures in older subjects. Methods. In patients (≥60 years without neuropsychiatric disease such as delirium), 2 EEG recordings were performed, before and after administration of either midazolam (n = 22) or propofol (n = 26) to facilitate an endoscopic procedure. Power spectrum, functional connectivity, and network topology based on the minimum spanning tree (MST) were compared within subjects. Results. Midazolam and propofol administration resulted in Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale levels between 0 and −4 and between −2 and −4, respectively. Both agents altered the power spectra with increased delta (0.5-4 Hz) and decreased alpha (8-13 Hz) power. Only propofol was found to significantly reduce functional connectivity. In the beta frequency band, the MST was more integrated during midazolam sedation. Propofol sedation resulted in a less integrated network in the alpha frequency band. Conclusion. Despite the different levels of light sedation with midazolam and propofol, similar changes in power were found. Functional connectivity and network topology showed differences between midazolam and propofol sedation. Future research should establish if these differences are caused by the different levels of sedation or the mechanism of action of these agents.
The Ludic Bestiary: Misogynistic Tropes of Female Monstrosity in Dungeons & Dragons
Authors: Stang Sarah , Trammell Aaron
Published: May 2019

This article introduces the concept of the ludic bestiary, a game mechanic that the authors argue produces abject bodies. Using the “hag” in Dungeons & Dragons as a case study, the authors demonstrate how the game’s bestiary, the Monster Manual, functions as a tool of patriarchal control by defining, categorizing, and classifying the body of the female other as evil, abject, and monstrous. Importantly, the ludic bestiary not only exists as a core rulebook in Dungeons & Dragons but has also been remediated as a narrative-heavy submenu in several digital games. The authors find that the figure of the monstrous woman persists in games because of the widespread distribution of the Monster Manual to young men in hobby communities, the cultural influence of Dungeons & Dragons, depictions of monstrosity that blend the erotic with the maternal, and the discursive categorization and objectification of the female body by ludic systems.
Early Career Teacher Struggles: An Administrator’s Influence on Retention
Authors: Martinez James A.
Published: May 2019

Rebecca Ashe, a first-year mathematics teacher at North Hills High School, considered herself well-prepared after her university preparation. She is energetic and dedicated to her students, providing real-world examples in her classes from past experiences as an engineer. After 3 months in the classroom, however, Rebecca had become disheartened and exhausted. Moreover, Rebecca felt her school principal, Andy Anderson, had provided only superficial support. This case study explores obstacles that early career teachers face and asks readers to consider strategies that school administrators can employ to support these teachers. This case is suited for use in administrative preparation courses, specifically those focusing on human resources, evaluation, leadership, and supervision.
Association of heart rate variability with regional difference in senility death ratio: ALLSTAR big data analysis
Authors: Hayano Junichiro , Kisohara Masaya , Yoshida Yutaka , Sakano Hiroyuki , Yuda Emi
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

Senility death is defined as natural death in the elderly who do not have a cause of death to be described otherwise and, if human life is finite, it may be one of the ultimate goals of medicine and healthcare. A recent survey in Japan reports that municipalities with a high senility death ratio have lower healthcare costs per late-elderly person. However, the causes of regional differences in senility death ratio and their biomedical determinants were unknown. In this study, we examined the relationships of the regional difference in senility death ratio with the regional differences in heart rate variability and physical activity.

Methods:

We compared the age-adjusted senility death ratio of all Japanese prefectures with the regional averages of heart rate variability and actigraphic physical activity obtained from a physiological big data of Allostatic State Mapping by Ambulatory ECG Repository (ALLSTAR).

Results:

The age-adjusted senility death ratio of 47 Japanese prefectures in 2015 ranged from 1.2% to 3.6% in men and from 3.5% to 7.8% in women. We compared these ratios with the age-adjusted indices of heart rate variability in 108,865 men and 136,536 women and of physical activity level in 16,661 men and 21,961 women. Heart rate variability indices and physical activity levels that are known to be associated with low mortality risk were higher in prefectures with higher senility death ratio.

Conclusion:

The regional senility death ratio in Japan may be associated with regional health status as reflected in heart rate variability and physical activity levels.
Short-term clinical outcomes of arthroscopic fixation of displaced posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures with the use of an adjustable loop suspensory device
Authors: Han Fucai , Pearce Christopher Jon , Lee Bernard Chee Siang
Published: May 2019

Introduction:

To describe the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic fixation of displaced posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures with/without associated tibia plateau fractures using an adjustable loop suspensory fixation device.

Methods:

Four male patients who have sustained PCL tibia avulsion fractures with/without associated tibia plateau fractures were operated on in a single centre using an arthroscopic adjustable loop suspensory device technique. After arthroscopic evaluation and reduction of the fracture using a probe and PCL drill guide, a proximal medial tibial mini incision was used to drill a bone tunnel through the fracture fragment. An adjustable loop suspensory device was relayed through the bone tunnel via a transtibial manner, and the button device was flipped onto the bony fragment for fixation. The associated tibial plateau fractures were then fixed if present. Knee function at the last follow-up was evaluated by International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Knee Injury And Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm scores. Range of motion and knee stability were assessed, and fracture union was evaluated by plain radiographs.

Results:

All patients underwent the operation successfully with no major complications encountered. All were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. There was no instability reported by the patients or found during objective evaluation using posterior drawer test and reverse pivot shift test. All fractures achieved union. Mean post-operative Lysholm score was 91.5 (range 85–95), IKDC score was 85.1 (range 74.7–89.7) and KOOS was 89.3 (range 81.5–94.6). All patients returned to their pre-injury activities of daily living and work. Radiographic evaluation showed union at the fracture site in all four patients at the last follow-up.

Conclusion:

This arthroscopic procedure is a viable minimally invasive technique that is appropriate in minimally displaced avulsion fractures of the PCL with associated tibia plateau fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Case Series, IV