bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post Oeprative Sore Throat (POST), Comparison Between Nebulization with Ketamine and Placebo
Authors: Zia Rifah , Iqbal Shahid , Ali Khan Mohammad Baqir , Butt Muhammad Muazzam , Nazeer Tahir , Hanif Muhammad Zahid
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare the frequency of post-operative sore throat with nebulized ketamine versus nebulized placebo pre- operatively in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Study design; Randomized Controlled trial. Setting; Department of Anesthesia, Hameed Latif Hospital, Lahore. Duration of study; 08-05-2018 to 08-11-2018. Methodology: In this study, the cases of either gender and age range of 18 to 40 years undergoing elective surgery under GA requiring endotracheal tube were selected. The cases in Group A were nebulized with Ketamine (50 mg) mixed with normal saline while those in group B with normal saline only for 15 minutes. They were assessed at 4 hours on the basis of verbal response scale (VRS) after extubation regarding cough and irritation in the throat and score of 4 or more on VRS was labelled as POST. Results: In this study out of 40 cases in each group males were 23 (57.5%) vs 26 (65%) and mean age was 34.21±4.21 vs 32.57±4.67 years in group A and B respectively. Post operative sore throat was seen in 8 (17.5%) in group A and 18 (45%) in group B with p= 0.01. This difference was significant in terms of female gender where this was seen more in females in group B 64.28% vs 11.76% (p= 0.001). This difference was also significant in cases with duration of surgery more than 60 minutes where it was seen in 14.28% vs 44.34% in group A and B respectively (p= 0.01) Conclusion; Ketamine nebulization is significantly better for POST than placebo and this difference is also significantly high in terms of female gender and duration of surgery > 60 minutes. Keywords; POST, Ketamine, Placebo, nebulized ketamine.
Management of Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis and its Clinical Profile in the Cardiac Center of Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Faizan , Shabir Mohsin
Published: July 2022

Background: The one of the highly known life threatening complication of the post valve replacement surgeries is prosthetic valve thrombosis. The poor anticoagulation status is the reason behind this thrombotic complication. Objective: The study aimed to study the management of prosthetic valve thrombosis in the teaching hospital of our institute. The clinical profile of the patients was also evaluated. Study design: It is an observational study aided with the statistical approaches, conducted in cardiology department of Rehman Medical Institute Peshawar. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the cardiology department of our hospital. The 40 patients who attended the cardiology department from May 2021 to May 2022 were selected for the study. According to the inclusion criteria the patients diagnosed with the PV thrombosis were selected for further study. The demographic profile and clinical parameters of each patient was recorded. The in hospital outcomes were also analyzed. Results: The diagnosis was further confirmed by using fluoroscopy. The age group of the patients suffering from PV thrombosis was from 10 to 68 years with an average age of 35 years. Out of 40 patients added in the study, majority were female participants (60%). Among all the patients chosen for study, there were 88% that were admitted to the hospital after 1 week of symptoms. The shortness of breath and related symptoms were reported in 95% of the patients. The most common sort of treatment used for all the patients was thrombolysis, it was carried out for 93% of the patients. Conclusion: The PV thrombosis is a clinical emergency and it is linked with high mortality rate. Low socio-economic status results in poor compliance of the anti-coagulation treatment. The treatment guidelines for PV thrombosis are updated on daily basis, so for better drug compliance, proper follow-up of the disease is needed. For the management of prosthetic valve thrombosis the thrombolysis is considered as a useful option. Keywords: fluoroscopy, Prosthetic valve thrombosis, sub-therapeutic INR and valve thrombolysis.
Rate and Determinants of Slow Flow / No-Reflow in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at Sandaman Provincial Hospital Quetta
Authors: Kakar Abdul Wadood , Kumar Anil , Shaikh Javed Khurshed , Kalwar Muhammad Hashim , Butt Muhammad Hassan , Rizvi Nadeem Hassan
Published: July 2022

Objective: We investigated the rate of slow/no flow during percutaneous coronary intervention, the clinical and angiographical predictor and the immediate hemodynamic role of slow / no flow. Material & Method: The cross-sectional study was done at Sandaman Provincial Hospital, the Loralai Medical Collage Loralai, Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences Quetta for six months from 1st July, 2021 to 31st December, 2021. We included ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients who got primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patient information, including demographic and clinical data was collected. In this study, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction was used to determine the antegrade flow. There was an evaluation of the existence, predictors, and consequences of slow/no flow in the patients. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis. Results: Among the 300 patients, 283 (80.9%) were males. There were 54 (18.0%) patients who had angiographic slow/no flow during the procedure. TIMI grades were 0 in 13 (4.33%), 1 in 16 (5.33%), and 2 in 25 (8.33%) patients in these affected groups in the study. Smoking status was significantly different between slow and no flow (p=0.023). We found significant associations between prior MI, nonappearance of pre-infarction anginal symptoms, and any cerebrovascular disease with slow/no blood flow (p<0.05). The class III or IV Killip score was significantly higher in the slow/low flow group than the normal-flow group (p<0.05). Intracoronary adenosine and epinephrine were the most often used medications for pharmacological therapy of no/slow flow. The hemodynamic instability of two of the patients (3.70%) of the ventricular tachycardia treatment (VT) cases led to their deaths, while the stability of two (3.70%) of the patients’ VTs required pharmaceutical cardioversion. Conclusion: The occurrence of slow/no flow can be predicted with a history and angiographical feature. Keywords: Slow/no flow, Primary PCI, Angiographical predictors, Hemodynamics’.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Role of Alkaline Phosphatase in the Patients of Cerebral Stroke
Authors: Shah Madiha , Bano Razia , Ali Kashif , Rauf Hafiz Abdul , Bhatti Ishaque , Memon Ali Raza
Published: July 2022

Background: The cerebral stroke is one of the most common disorders in South Asia. The Pakistani adult population suffered from cerebral strokes in more than 10% of cases. The TNAP isoform of Alkaline Phosphatase is also found in the brain. It is possible to diagnose cerebral stroke patients based on their serum ALP level. In this study, the objective is to evaluate the level of ALP in patients suffering from cerebral strokes. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine at the LUMHS Jamshoro. A total of 55 patients (26 males & 29 females) with cerebral stroke between the ages of 40-70 years were selected according to the inclusion & exclusion criteria between the ages of 40-70 years. By using the AMP (2-amino, 2-methyl, 1 propanol) method, we were able to estimate the serum level of ALP. Results: In 29.1% of the patients, the mean serum ALP level was 85.13 ± 10.93 U/L, while in 70.9% of the patients, the mean serum ALP level was 231 .42 ± 5.76 U/L. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that approximately 70% of cerebral stroke patients had elevated levels of serum ALP levels, which can be used as a diagnostic tool for cerebral stroke patients. Conclusion: Cerebral stroke patients had elevated serum ALP levels, which are a cheap and easily quantifiable biomarker. Keywords: Cerebral Stroke, Alkaline Phosphatase, TNAP, Isoenzym
Finding the Role of Elevated Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) in Diagnosis and Treatment of Medically Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Nazir Tayyaba , Shahnwaz Iqra , Zafar Ammara
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is an important screening tool for autoimmune conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and scleroderma. Objectives: Finding the role of elevated antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in diagnosis and treatment of medically critically ill patients. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted THQ Hospital, Muree during July 2021 to November 2021. The data was collected from 600 patients of different diseases. In patient with multiple hospitalizations, the most recent one was considered for the study. Results: The data was collected from 600 patients had their ANA levels drawn, out of which 78 were positive and 522 were negative. Out of the ANA positive patients, 14 (17 percent) had the values to 1:40, 29 (35 percent) had values to 1:80, 14 (17 percent) had values to 1:160, 8 (9.7 percent) had values to 1: 320, 11 (13.2 percent) had values to 1:640, 4 (4.8 percent) had values to 1:1280, 2 (2.4 percent) had values greater than >1:1280. Conclusion: It is concluded that in patients with RA, important differences exist between those who are ANA‐positive and ANA‐negative in terms of time to fulfillment of RA criteria and time to DMARD initiation as well as choice of initial pharmacotherapy. Keywords: ANA, Patients, Medically, Diagnosis
Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Awareness and Factors Affecting Vaccination in Pakistani Society
Authors: Akhtar Saleem , Iqbal Zainab , Zafar Ammara
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Influenza, more commonly referred as “flu”, is a highly contagious viral infection of the nose, throat and lungs that impacts people of all ages and occurs in late fall, winter and early spring. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find the seasonal influenza vaccine awareness and factors affecting vaccination in Pakistani society. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in DHQ hospital, Bhakkar during 2021 to January 2022. The importance and purpose of the study was explained to the participants. After verbal consent, the patients was asked to answer simple questions which was read out from the performa prepared. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients. Mean age of the participants was 39.69± 15.86 years. Seven patients had herpes zoster infection. Four patients had influenza. Five patients had pneumonia. One had dengue fever. And one had herpes genitalis infection in recent five years. 59 (59.7%) of the patients were taking conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and nine (9.8%) of the patients were using biological agents. Conclusion: It is concluded that knowledge, attitude and practice of participants showed satisfactory outcomes. Autoimmune diseases have a complex multifactorial etiology and many factors can contribute to their onset. Keywords: Patients, Vaccine, Factors, Influenza
Comparison of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Injection with Intravitreal Bevacizumab Vs Intravitreal Bevacizumab only in Treatment of Refractory Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Hamza , Rashid Faisal , Tauqeer Saba , Ali Rabab , Farooq Muhammad Talha , Aleem Nouman
Published: July 2022

Background: Macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy is among the most common causes of blindness in diabetics from working age group around the world . Diabetic macular edema which involves the center of the macula is among the major cause of visual decline in patients with diabetes mellitus. Intra-Vitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide with intravitreal Bevacizumab and intravitreal Bevacizumab only have been in practice as treatment options for cases not responsive to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. Objective: To compare safety and efficacy profile of suprachoroidal injection of triamcinolone acetonide with intravitreal Bevacizumav Vs intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab alone in management of resistant diabetic macular edema. Patients & Methods: In this study, Fourty eyes of fourty patients who had resistant diabetic macular edema were randomly divided into two groups of 20 patients each (n=20) , our group A was injected with suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide 2 mg along with intravitreal Bevacizumab 1.25mg and the group B wasinjected with intravitreal Bevacizumab 1.25 mg only. Change in central macular thickness was observed after one month on Optical coherence tomography. Data was collected and analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The mean age of subjects in this study was 58.46±3.62 years ( 30-65 years) . Out of 40 patients 26 were male patients and 14 were female .The mean decline (change) in central macular thickness in comparison to baseline thickness on OCT in group A was 113±10microns and mean change in the central thickness of macula on OCT in group B was 83+-10 microns with a p value of 0.01. Conclusion: Suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide with intravitreal bevacizumab is superior to intravitreal Bevacizumab alone in reducing central macular thickness among patients with resistant diabetic macular edema. Keywords: Macular edema, Suprachoroidal triamcinolone , intravitreal Bevacizumab, Optical coherence tomography
Comparison of Suprachoroidal Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide Versus Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Primary Diabetic Macular Odema
Authors: Anwar Faisal , Khan Asad Aslam , Majhu Tehseen Mahmood , Javaid Rana Mohammad Mohsin , Ghaffar Muhammad Tahir , Bokhari Mohammad Hasan
Published: July 2022

Objective: Present study aims to compare the efficacy of single dose triamcinolone acetonide suspension in suprachoroidal space and intravitreal bevacizumab in primary diabetic macular edema patients. Study design: Prospective observational study Study duration and settings: Study was conducted at department of ophthalmology, Eye Unit III, Mayo hospital Lahore (KEMU) from March 2020 to August 2020. Material and methods: The WHO calculator was used to estimate a sample size of 136 patients (66 patients in each group). Non-probability sequential sampling was used to identify patients.. Intravitreal bevacizumab injections (2.5 mg/0.1 mL) were given to patients in Group A, and triamcinolone acetonide was given to patients in Group B, all at random. After one and three months, patients were reassessed. Results: Total 135 patients were included in study. There were 71(52.2%) male and 65(47.8%) female. Mean age of patients was 41.1±6.9SD. BCVA improved 5 letters after 3 month was significantly high in TA group as compared to IVB (P=0.002). Moreover, CSF decreased at least 10% from baseline after one and three months was comparatively high in TA group (p=0.01 and p=0.04 respectively). Among all the patients in IVB group, 29.5% showed efficacy while in group TA, 37.5% showed efficacy (p=0.03) Conclusion: Triamcinolone acetonide is an efficient drug for management of diabetic macular edema. Triamcinolone had long standing effect as compared to intravitreal bevacizumab on structural and functional outcome of the patients with primary diabetic macular odema. Both interventions are associated with limited complications. Keywords: Triamcinolone acetonide, Diabetic macular edema, Intravitral bevacizumab
Effectiveness of Norethisterone Acetate alone Versus in Combination with Letrozole for treatment of Chronic Pelvic Chronic Pain and Dyspareunia in Patients with Endometriosis
Authors: Ashraf Saima , Khosa Arooj Fatimah , Farwa Rahat
Published: July 2022

Aim: To compare mean chronic pelvic pain (CPP) and deep dyspareunia intensity after 6 month treatment of using norethisterone acetate alone and combination with letrozole in patients with endometriosis. Study design & duration: This randomized controlled trail was conducted from February 1st, 2020 to January 31st, 2021. Setting: Department of Obs. &Gynecology, Nishtar hospital Multan. Materials and methods: Seventy two women with age range 18-60 years regardless of parity, having endometriosis with baseline pain > 5 at visual analogue scale were included in study. Pain was measured on VAS at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. All data was entered in a pre-designed proforma. Results: Mean age of cases was 39.83 ± 12.61 years in group-A and 41.58 ± 12.66 years in group-B. At baseline the mean chronic pelvic pain in group-A was 7.17 ± 1.28 and in group-B was 7.00 ± 1.39. The mean chronic pelvic pain at 6th month was statistically lower in group-A (1.72 ± 0.74) when compared with group-B (4.39 ± 0.64) with a p-value < 0.001. Similarly, deep dyspareunia was markedly reduced follow-up in both group A and group B at 6 months. Conclusion: CPP and deep dyspareunia are significantly reduced after 6 month of treatment with combined oral letrozole (2.5 mg/day) and norethisterone acetate (2.5 mg/day). Keywords: Endometriosis, aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, norethisterone acetate.
Vitamin D Therapy Attenuates Symptoms of Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (PDPN) in T2DM patients
Authors: Malik Moeen Akhtar , Mustafa Junaid , Tahir Nayyara , Hussain Mazhar , Rehman Habib Ur , Waheed Muhammad Umar , Anjum Hafiz Naveed
Published: July 2022

Objective: To study the outcome of oral vitamin D therapy on symptoms of PDP Nin T2DM patients Methods: This randomized double blind placebo controlled trial comprised 120 T2DMpatients with vitamin D deficiency and symptoms of PDPN on the basis of neuropathy symptoms score (NSS) and neuropathy disability score (NDS). Patients were randomly divided in to two groups. Patients in group A were given capsule vitamin D2, 00000IU/month over while patients in group B were given capsule placebo for a period of 03 months duration. The study outcomes of PDPN were assessed by NSS and NDS as primary endpoint while glycemic control and vitamin D level were secondary end point of study from baseline. Results: After 12 weeks therapy of vitamin D, significant improvements were recorded in primary end points NSS score (from 5.9±2.0 to 4.7±1.5 ) vs placebo (6.5 ±2.0 to 6.4 ±3.2) with p-value (0.002) and NDS score (from 7.8±2.0 to 6.5± 2.5) vs placebo (7.7±1.8 to 7.9±2.5) with p-value (0.001). Similarly secondary endpoints were also improved significantly from baseline to end point after 12 weeks of vitamin D therapy vitamin D value ( from 25.8±14 to 44.5±12.5) vs placebo group ( from 28.5±14.5 to30.0±15.5) with p-value (0.002), HbA1c from 9.0±2.8 to 7.8±3.5) vs Placebo ( from 9.8±2.0 to 9.5±2.2) with p-value 0.001 (table 2). Conclusion: Vitamin D therapy attenuates symptoms of PDPN in T2DM patients Keywords: Vitamin D, T2DM, PDPN, HbA1c
Pattern of Coagulopathy and Their Association with Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in Makkah, KSA
Authors: Nazir Imran , Hamid Syed Majid , Shakoor Abdul , Khan Rizwan Rasul , Farid Muhammad Ajmal , Imran Iffat , Zubaidi Mohammed Ali Al , Khalil Khalid
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the pattern of coagulation profile and their association with mortality in COVID-19 patients. Study Design: Retrospective descriptive study Place and Duration of Study: Makkah, Saudi Arabia from 2nd March 2020, to 2nd July 2020. Methodology: One thousand, nine hundred and twenty three conceded COVID-19 patients affirmed with polymerase chain response testing were included. Results: Patients' average age was 58.7±2.75 years. Patients drop was observed 6.4% in the survivor group as compared to 0.8% in the non-survivor group with a significant (p=0.000) association with mortality. Prolonged PT/INR was observed in 16% of patients, having a significant association (P=0.003) with mortality. APTT was prolonged in 29.4% of patients, and a comparison of APTT levels between the survivor and non-survivor groups showed a significant difference (p=0.002. A higher fibrinogen level was seen in 23.2% of patients with a significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: Severe COVID-19 infection is related to coagulopathy that is related to the destitute condition of hospitalized patients. Early and consistent evaluation of the coagulation profile along the disease course can help to treat and prevent disease morbidity and mortality in the hospital setting. Keywords: COVID-19, thrombosis, coagulation profile
Comparison of Closed Intramedullary Nailing and Percutaneous Plating in Distal Tibia Metaphyseal Fractures
Authors: Saeed Kamran , Raza Muhammad Shahbaz , Momin Agha , Mughal Naeem Mehmood , Tariq Noman , Bhurgri Sikander Ali
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare the closed intramedullary nailing and percutaneous plating in distal tibial metaphyseal fractures. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthopaedics, Sialkot Medical College, Sialkot from 1st July 2019 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred patients who were suffering from distal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia bone were enrolled. Group A patients underwent closed intramedullary nails while group B were those who were treated through percutaneous plating. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to all enrolled patients until 24 hours’ completion of the surgery. Follow-up of the wound was done from day fifth of the surgery and removal of sutures was performed by 15th day of surgery. Patients were followed up for one and a half year for their AOFAS scoring. Results: There were 58.3% males in Group A presenting a majority while in Group B females were having a majority with 47.5%. There were more left side fractures such as 53% and treated with closed intramedullary nails than through percutaneous plating. There was not a significant difference in the pain, function or alignment in both groups. There were 87% patients in group A which requested implant removal after 15.5 months while 92% of patients from Group B demanded the same. Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing is slightly superior that have reduced post-operative wound complications as compared to plate fixation. Keywords: Nailing, Plating, Fractures, Surgical procedures
Comparison of Hemodynamic Changes after Use of Intrathecal 0.75% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine Versus 0.5% Hyperbaric Bupivacaine with Dexmeditomidine in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section
Authors: Nadeem Khan Muhammad , Zubair Hina , Rasul Noreen , Parveen Saima , Fatima Aurooj , Adalt Shahid
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare analysis of hemodynamic changes after use of intrathecal 0.75% and 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with dexmedetomidine in cesarean section patients. Study Design: Comparative analytical study Place and Duration of Study: Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital Mirpur from 1st April 2020 to 30th April 2021. Methodology: Seventy women were enrolled as study participants. Full term pregnant women between the age of 20-35 years were enrolled. These women were further grouped into two major groups with both groups having equal number of participant (35 in each group). Group A consisted of those women who were given 12mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 1µg dexmedetomidine while Group B women were intervened with 12mg 0.75% hyperbaric bupivacaine. The localized anesthesia with 2-3ml xylocaine (2%) was administered within intended space in all patients. A 25-gauge needle was used post confirmation of the free cerebrospinal fluid flow. Patient’s vital signs were continuously monitored. Results: The mean age was 31±4 years in group A while it was 27±4 year in group B. The post-operative parameters presented a decrease in blood pressure among both group women. The pulse rate showed that group A had slight higher reduction in pulse than group B however the difference was not significant (p=0.46).Both groups required ephedrine injections for substantial decrease in blood pressure. Conclusion: Patients administered with 0.75% hyperbaric bupivacaine for lower segment caesarean section showed significant and relevantly more hemodynamic alterations than 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine. Keywords: C-section, Spinal anesthesia, Adjuvants, Hemodynamic changes
Comparative Analysis of the Risk Factors among Survivors and Non-Survivors Burned Children
Authors: Riaz-ul-Haq Muhammad , Rehman Shafiq-ur- , Hanif Khan Muhammad Amir , Makki Yasir
Published: July 2022

Background: Burn trauma in children results into high mortality and morbidity with lifelong consequences. Lack of health care facilities, equipped burn centers, illiteracy, poor infra structure and involvement of girls in cooking activities at early age are potentiating factors towards high mortality. Objectives: To determine key factors resulting into high mortality in children Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatric Surgery Sahiwal Teaching Hospital & Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal from 1st May 2019 to 28th February 2022. Methodology: One hundred and eighty four patients upto the age of 12 years with more than 10% partial thickness burn and less than 10% full thickness burn and any percent electric burn were included. Age, sex, presence of inhalation injury, total burn area, development of wound infection, sepsis, mode of burn, surgical intervention and length of hospitalization were all used to predict mortality. Resuscitation was done according to ATLS guide lines on admission. Topical treatment and intravenous antibiotics were given. Fasciotomy was done wherever needed. Wound swab was taken culture sensitivity on 5th day. Results: Overall mortality was 18.47%. Eighteen (53%) of non-survivors were 3-7 years. Mortality was high in females (61.67%). With regards to cause of burn, flame burns remained at the top in survivors (48%) while scalds in non-survivors (61.76%). 50% of patients presented with partial thickness burn (75/150) in survivors while 50% (17/34) with mixed burns in non-survivors. Mean total body surface area burn was 14.9% in survivors and 40.6% in non-survivors. Non-survivors presented late as compared to survivors. Hospital stay for survivors ranged from 1-28 days while non-survivors stayed 3-18 days before death (Mean 5.9 and 7.4 days) respectively. Conclusion: Age less than 7 years, females, scald burn, delayed presentation, full thickness or mixed burns with burn surface area more than 40% are significant risk factors for high mortality in burned children. Keywords: Burn, Children, Mortality, Sepsis, Scald
Frequency of Hyperthyroidism in Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
Authors: Lakho Mukhtiar Ali , Magsi Abdul Ghafoor , Lakho Shabana , Ali Muhammad Munwar , Bhanbhro Farukh Imtiaz , Magsi Shoaib Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of hyperthyroidism in hypokalemic periodic paralysis Study Type: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st January 2016 to 30th June 2016. Methodology: Eighty four patients with hypokalemic periodic paralysis of both sexes aged 18 to 60 years enrolled. Later on, the blood sample was collected and sends to LINAR Hospital for measurement of serum TSH, FT3 and FT4. The hormone assays was analyzed by chemiluminescence assay using ADVIA Centuar manufactured by SIEMENS NewYork. Results: The mean age was 40.24±9.96 years, 49 (58.3%) were males and 35 (41.7%) were females, 57 (67.9%) has duration of illness was >7 days and 27 (32.1%) had duration of illness >7 days. Mean TSH was 0.48±0.25, mean FT3 was 198.17±19.38 and mean FT4 was 19.43±6.65. The frequency of hyperthyroidism in hypokalemic periodic paralysis was 29 (34.5%) cases. Conclusions: The frequency of hyperthyroidism in hypokalemic periodic paralysis was 34.5%. Keywords: Hypokalemia, Periodic paralysis, Hyperthyroidism
Multisystem Imaging Manifestations of COVID-19: Viral Pathogenesis and Pulmonary Complications
Authors: Khuhawar Shafi Muhammad , Kumar Jagdesh , Sanghro Khalil Ahmed , Chandio Bashir Ahmed , Channa Saleh Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Objective: To analyze multisystem imaging techniques for diagnosis of Covid-19 viral pathogenesis and pulmonary complications. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pulmonology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur from 1st June 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients admitted due to Covid-19 positive results were enrolled. Pulmonary consolidations and pneumonia related alterations were observed due to these images. Changes which were related with acute respiratory distress syndrome in complicate Covid-19 cases were also observed. Patients with serious illness were further underwent chest computer topographic imaging scan. Pulmonary-US scan was also performed on the bedside of severe ill Covid-19 patients. In patients with acute respiratory decline and acute dyspnea were also further diagnosed through computed tomography angiography. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.2±6.5 years. Chest radiograph presented bilateral pneumonia opacities. In a typical progressive pneumonia could be seen through non-contrast enhanced computed tomography imaging in covid-19 patients with glass opacities and bilateral ground glass opacities. In many cases multifocal, patchy as well as distribution findings which were confluent and organizing as pneumonia were also observed. Pulmonary embolism was also identified through computed tomography imaging in Covid-19 patients. Conclusion: Multisystem imaging techniques are significantly important and efficient in diagnosis of various manifestations of Covid-19. Key words: Multisystem imaging manifestations, COVID-19, Viral Pathogenesis, Pulmonary complications
Thyroid Gland Examination for Thyroid Nodule through Free Hand Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) Versus Ultrasound Guided Core Sampling
Authors: Mirani Shahid Hussain , Ali Muhammad Tahir , Kumar Dileep , Abaidullah Khalid , Zai Abdul Rasheed , Memon Muhammad Hanif
Published: July 2022

Objective: To compare the free hand fine needle aspiration cytology versus ultrasound guided core sampling for thyroid nodule examination in thyroid gland. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery Unit-2, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Hospital Sukkur from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: One hundred patients were divided in two groups. Group A had 50 patients who undergo ultrasonography through Doppler scanning while Group B had equal number of 50 patients which underwent free hand fine needle aspiration cytology. The clinical details were noted and graded as un-satisfactory or lacking follicular cells or else having <6 groups epithelial cells or having sufficient number of follicular cells. Results: The mean age was 31.5±11.8 years and majority of the patients were females 54% in comparison with 46% males. Insufficient cytopathologic cells were noticed in 18% US guided thyroidal nodule examination while similar insufficiency was seen in 44% fine needle aspiration cytology examination. The adequate cytopathological cells were noticed in 82% Ultrasounds while same was only seen in 56% fine needle aspiration cytology. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided core sampling has presented higher adequate cytology cases in comparison to free hand fine needle aspiration cytology cases. Key words: Fine needle aspiration cytology, Ultrasonography, Thyroid nodule
Frequency of Dementia in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Ahmed Shoaib , Balouch Amjad Hussain , Lakho Mukhtiar Ali , Ali Muhammad Munwar , Awan Inayatullah , Arain Safdar Hussain
Published: July 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of dementia in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Neurology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana Pakistan from 14thJanuary 2019 to 13thJuly 2019. Methodology: One hundred and ten patients were enrolled. Diagnosis was made after patient examination as proposed by memory impairment greater than 1 cognitive-disturbance. Results: The mean age was 54.36±11.12 years and mean duration of disease was 18.46±7.13 months. Sixty seven (61%) were males and 43 (39%) were females. Dementia was found noted in 11 (10%) patients while 99 (90%) was found to benormal. Conclusion: The frequency of dementia in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was found to considerable. Key words: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Epidemiology, Dementia, Incidence
Effectiveness of Saffron against Hepatotoxicity Caused by Silver Nanoparticles in Vivo
Authors: Taher Galawesh Norri
Published: July 2022

Adverse effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on health remain a concern. This research study was performed to appreciate the activity of saffron plant (SAF) upon Ag-NPs-induced hepatotoxicity. Eighteen male rats were consumed, separated into three groups of equal numbers. The animals of the group (CON) were not dosed with either treatment, while the animals of the group (Ag-NPs) were treated with Ag-NPs orally. In the latter group (Ag-NPs + SAF) intoxicated rats with Ag-NPs were provided with SAF. The experiment lasted seven days. The study found that dosing with Ag-NPs led to a considerable elevates in serum levels of biochemical parameters of liver function and hepatic oxidative stress, while significantly diminished glutathione activity. But the combined use of SAF extract improved the disturbed hepatic parameters. It was concluded that SAF could efficaciously mitigate Ag-NPs-induced liver toxicity in vivo. More investigations are needed to determine the exact mechanisms behind affront’s ability to protect the liver. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, biochemical parameters, hepatotoxicity.
Biodiversity of Phytoplankton in Two Aquatic Ecosystems (LOTIC and LENTIC) During the Autumn Season
Authors: Al-Saeedi Hind Mahdi Salih , Salman Ibrahim M. A. Al-
Published: July 2022

Phytoplankton have been studied in quantity and quality in two aquatic ecosystems represented by two sites in the lake of Baghdad Island tourist as a lotic ecosystem and two sites of the Tigris River, one north of the lake and the other south as an lentic ecosystem, and the study was conducted in the autumn of 2021, where 69 species were diagnosed in the environment of the two ecosystems studied, distributed to 14 species of Chlorophyta, 21 species of Cyanobacteria, 29 species of diatom (1 belongs to Centrales order and 28 to Pennales order), 3 species of Euglenophyta and two species of the Chrysophyta division. The dominance of algae belonging to the genus of; Pinnularia, Synedra, Ankistrodesmus, Chroococcus, Oscillatoria, Synechacoccns, Navicula and Nitzschia during the autumn period and at all Sites. Some species showed high density such as: Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Chroococcus disperses, Chroococcus minor, Oscillatoria limnetica, Synechacoccns aeruginosus, Navicula sp. and Nitzschia longissima. The quantitative results showed that the mean density of the phytoplankton in the lotic aquatic ecosystem exceeded that the lentic aquatic ecosystem when recorded (378.68 × 103 cells/L and 334.21×103 cells/L) respectively. Air temperature values were recorded (20-36) °C and while water temperature ranged between (16-25.5) °C, NTU (5.8-19.5) 4), TDS (421-620) mg/L, as well as EC (1027-1380) μS/cm, whereas pH value was (7.4-8.4), (DO) (6.4-8.6), and BOD (204-305). Also, by measuring the values of the essential macronutrients for algae growth, it was found that the values of concentrations NO3 (0.468-0.986), PO4- (0.038-0.061) SO4- (175.6-293.37), and SO3 (3.9-6.9) mg/L respectively. Keywords: Phytoplankton, Biodiversity, Lotic Ecosystem, Lentic Ecosystem, Physiochemical factors.
First Occurrence of Eudiplozoon Kamegaii Nishira & Urabe, 2020 (Monogenea: Diplozoidae) in Iraq from Gills of Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio
Authors: Abboud Mohammed Salih , Ameer Kefah Naser Abdul-
Published: July 2022

In this study, the monogenean Eudiplozoon kamegaii Nishihira & Urabe, 2020 which is the second species of the genus Eudiplozoon Khotenovsky, 1985 described in the world, was recorded for the first time in Iraq from the gills of the common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 which were collected from the Tigris river in the Al-Rashidiya region north of Baghdad province from August 2021 until May 2022. The description and measurements of this parasite, as well as its illustrations, were given. Keywords: Eudiplozoon kamegaii, Cyprinus carpio, Monogenea , Tigris river, Iraq.
The Role of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Covid-19
Authors: Budnevsky Andrey Valerievich , Ovsyannikov Evgeniy Sergeevich , Tokmachev Roman Evgenyevich , Savushkina Inessa Alekseevna , Alekseeva Nadezhda Gennadievna
Published: July 2022

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan. The problem of COVID-19 treatment is still relevant, and it is necessary to study in details the pathogenesis of COVID-19, including the role of mast cells (MCs). Aim: The aim of the review is to reveal the role of MCs, their receptors and mediators in the pathogenesis of the COVID-19. Results: This review demonstrates a possible role of MCs in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Conclusion: MCs may be key elements of inflammation caused by COVID-19. MCs express various receptors on their surface that ensure the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and MCs. Activated MCs release inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and proteases, which are involved in both the protective function and hyperinflammation in COVID-19. Keywords: Сoronavirus Disease 2019, mast cells, mast cells' mediators, mast cells' receptors
Application of Information Communication Technology in Developing Critical Thinking Among Social Studies Pre-Service Teachers in Kogi State
Authors: Soluade Zabur Olayiwola , Idowu Samuel , Sofadekan Adedayo Oyewole
Published: July 2022

The study examined the application of ICT in developing critical thinking among Social Studies pre-service teachers and assessed the role of gender on the application of ICT in Social Studies.  Two hypotheses were tested in this study.  The study adopted a quasi-experimental design A simple random sampling technique was used in selecting two out of three Colleges of Education in Kogi State and self-selecting sampling procedure was used in identifying the subjects. The researcher made use of 70 pre-service 200 level Social Studies students in the two selected government owned Colleges of Education in Kogi State. Thirty-five pre-service teachers were selected from each of the two colleges of education.  Two instruments were used, namely, Controversial Issues and ICT Instructional Package (CIIIP) and Controversial Issues Achievement Test (CIAT) r = .86.  The administration of the instrument lasted for six weeks. Data collected were analysed using ANCOVA.  The results of the analysis indicate that ICT related strategies such as social media strategy contributed more significantly than conventional method in enhancing learning outcomes of the students in controversial issues discussion in Social Studies and there is moderating effect of academic ability on the students’ post-test achievement scores in controversial issues discussion in Social Studies.  Based on the findings, it is recommended that ICT related strategies will be of immense benefit in improving academic achievement of students in Social Studies, hence the use of ICT in Social Studies classroom should be inculcated in the curriculum of Social Studies educators.
Rezension von: Sauer, Paul, Musen, Machtspiel und Mätressen
Authors: Couzinet-Weber Michaela
Published: July 2022

Paul Sauer: Musen, Machtspiel und Mätressen. Eberhard Ludwig – württembergischer Herzog und Gründer Ludwigsburgs. Silberburg-Verlag Tübingen 2008. 280 Seiten, 50 farbige Abbildungen. Gebunden € 22,90. ISBN 978-3-87407-798-9
Rezension von: Grötzinger, Marlies, Sapperlott
Authors: Wax Hermann , Grötzinger Marlies
Published: July 2022

Marlies Grötzinger: Sapperlott. Schwäbische Gedichte aus dem Oberland. Silberburg-Verlag Tübingen 2009. Fester Einband, 95 Seiten, 15 Farbabbildungen. € 9,90. ISBN 978-3-87407-827-6
Tracking 30-Day Physical Activity Behavior with Wearable Fitness Trackers in College-Aged Adults
Authors: Becker Kelsi , Breanne Freese  , Mason Howard  , Olivia Cooper
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Consumer grade, wrist-worn wearable fitness trackers (WFT) are commonly worn on a daily basis by college-aged adults. Objectively assessing college-aged adults physical activity throughout a 30-day period has not been well documented to accurately assess physical activity behavior.
Methods: Fifteen college-aged participants (male n=7 and female n=9), completed the 30-day tracking assessment while wearing a wrist-worn WFT. The WFT was worn on the non-dominant hand, per manufacture guidelines and was to only be removed to charge the battery, at night during sleeping hours.
Results: Throughout the 30 days, males accumulated more steps, expended more calories, and traveled a greater distance than their female counterparts, p < 0.005 for all. There were no main effects for step counts, daily caloric expenditure and daily total distance for days of the week (p ≥ 0.128 for all). However, there was a significant sex by day of the week interaction for daily steps (p = 0.005), but not total calories or total distance (p ≥ 0.096).
Conclusions: Males were more active and expended more calories than females throughout 30 days of monitoring. However, the day of the week did not significantly alter physical activity and caloric expenditure.
El discurso visual de los carteles del movimiento feminista 2018: una aproximación desde la semiología
Authors: Villena Agustín
Published: July 2022

El presente artículo analiza, desde la perspectiva semiótica, los carteles realizados en el marco del movimiento estudiantil y feminista chileno del mes de mayo de 2018. La metodología del estudio está construida desde categorías de la semiología para identificar los aspectos propios de la composición visual y el aspecto simbólico de las piezas de protesta. A partir del análisis de una muestra intencionada de carteles desplegados durante las marchas y protestas en el espacio público, decodificamos aspectos claves y su relación con el contexto. Los resultados revelan la constitución de un nuevo movimiento en el marco de valores postmaterialistas, que van más allá de las demandas economicistas, propias de los movimientos del siglo XX. En el caso chileno, el movimiento feminista desarrolla una “visualidad de lo privado” que, además, resuena en amplios sectores de la sociedad.
El presente, la identidad y lo falso: Una epidemiología semiótica
Authors: Leone Massimo
Published: July 2022

“Lo falso” es un elemento central en las ciencias y las humanidades. Sin embargo, las nuevas tecnologías digitales de comunicación están cambiando drásticamente el escenario. Algunos de los fenómenos más inquietantes de las sociedades actuales, desde la “posverdad” hasta las noticias falsas, desde las teorías de la conspiración hasta lo falso profundo, se originan en la encrucijada entre invenciones tradicionales y nuevos simulacros. Los enfoques convencionales sobre la verdad y la falsedad, los hechos y las ficciones son cada vez más insuficientes para hacer frente a los nuevos híbridos de la comunicación digital. Es necesaria una sinergia sin precedentes para evaluar el papel cambiante de la falsificación en las sociedades contemporáneas. El artículo propone un nuevo marco de epidemiología semiótica de la cultura para el estudio de lo falso en las sociedades digitales contemporáneas.
Fronteras
Authors: Marqués-Pascual Joaquin
Published: July 2022

Javier de Lucas, Javier Bauluz, Daniela Pastrana, Juan José Téllez y Nicolás Castellano. (2019). Fronteras. Madrid (España): Editorial Hispalibros SL. 156 páginas. ISBN: 9 8-84-17993-18-4
Editorial #45
Authors: Peters Tomás , Lagos Lira Claudia
Published: July 2022

Hoy, como hace más de un siglo, necesitamos retejer la trama de las comunicaciones —sustantivo que comparte, recordemos, la misma raíz con comunidad y comunión— y establecer un nuevo pacto social que nos permita pensar lo común. Pero, para hacerlo, se necesita de una legislación que promueva y refuerce el pluralismo informativo en televisión local, regional y comunitaria. Como revista Comunicación y Medios pensamos que aque- llo puede ayudar a construir una mejor democracia. Y este nuevo número no es la excepción.
Республіка Індія: потуга, що зростає. Перспективи розвитку українсько-індійських відносин
Authors:   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Александров О. , Гавриленко Н. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Гриценко А. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Давимука О. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Замікула М. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Орлик В. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Широкий Г. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Ярмоленко В. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень, Бєлєсков М. ,   Національний інститут стратегічних досліджень
Published: July 2022

В аналітичній доповіді розглянуто потенціал Індії в різних сферах, стратегічне середовище держави, її зовнішню політику й позиції в регіоні та у світі, проаналізовано стан та перспективи розвитку українсько-індійських відносин, також і в контексті війни РФ проти України, надано пропозиції щодо активізації міждержавних відносин між Україною та Індією. Для широкого кола користувачів.
Effect of oocytes collection methods on oocytes quantity and quality in local Iraqi ewes
Authors: Al-Shammari Reda Falah Hameed , Almeeni Imad Majeed
Published: July 2022

This study was designed to investigation the effect of oocytes collected methods (aspiration and slicing) to oocytes recovery per ovary and the quality oocytes (normal and abnormal) in local Iraqi ewes. The female genitalia was brought from Al-shulla abattoir from the animals after slaughtered, the samples was collected and transport to reproductive techniques laboratory with 1-3 hrs in thermal box containing normal saline (0.9%) supplemented with 100 IU/ml penicillin, and 1mg / ml streptomycin. In laboratory the ovaries washed in phosphate-buffered solution with antibiotics three times. Each time the oocytes collection in different method aspiration or slicing to compared in recovery rate and quality of oocyte collected after classification four group according number of cumulus layers and uniform the cytoplasm to (A + B) when contained multiple layer of cumulus cells with homogenous cytoplasm considered normal oocytes and (C+D) when absent cumulus cells or degenerated with heterogeneous cytoplasm considered abnormal oocytes in two different methods. The result of this current study showed the high significant effect (P≤0.01) in recovery rate to slicing than aspiration (4.91, 3.23) oocyte /ovary respectively.
Article 14 of indian constitution
Authors: Amir S. Insha
Published: July 2022

The Preamble of Indian constitution declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular ,democratic republic for the promotion of fraternity, justice, liberty and equality for all the citizens. The great philosopher Socrates and their democratic ideals gave guidelines for the growth of popular political rights all over the world. Article 14 is a significant feature in safeguarding the rights of individuals in India.
Evaluation of the effect of using different doses of levothyroxine on TSH, T3 and T4 in hypothyriod patients
Authors: Al-Nasiri Maryam Thaer Saadi , Alsamarai Abdul Salam Tawfeeq Salih
Published: July 2022

The current study included the collection of ninety serum samples to evaluate the effect of using different doses of levothyroxine drug on some biochemical parameters in patients with hypothyroidism. Samples were collected from external laboratories in Baghdad, for the period between 15/9/2021to1/10/2022. Sixty samples were taken for patients with hypothyroidism, as the group of patients (G1) whichsubdivided into two subgroups, 26 of them were taking levothyroxine dose of 200 µg/day(G2), and 34 of them were taking levothyroxine dose of 100 µg/day(G3), and 30 samples represented the control group, the ages of patients and control ranged between (40-60) years old. The level of TSH hormone, T3 and T4 hormones were estimated in the serum of patients with hypothyroidism and healthy people as a control group. The results showed a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the level of TSH in serum of people with hypothyroidism compared to the control group.