bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vámmentes csomagok Nyugatról : Az Ibusz Külföldi Kereskedelmi Akciója
Authors: Czene-Polgár Viktória
Published: February 2022

Magyarországon az 1956-os forradalmat követően, az addig ideológiai okokból, tudatosan alacsony szinten tartott fogyasztást fokozatos növekedésnek engedték, az ellátás színvonala – különösen a hatvanas évek második felétől – stabilizálódott, a vásárlói lehetőségek bővültek. A háztartások felszereltsége javulni kezdett, egyre keresettebbé váltak az olyan tartós fogyasztási cikkek, mint például a televízió, a hűtőszekrény, a mosógép vagy éppen a gáztűzhely. Ennek is köszönhető, hogy az 1949 márciusában indult útjára az IBUSZ Külföldi Kereskedelmi Akciója rövid idő alatt rendkívüli népszerűségre tett szert, úgy az ajándékozók, mint a megajándékozottak körében. A kezdetben a hagyományos csomagküldő szolgáltatás jegyeit magán viselő terv sikerének titka abban rejlett, hogy a program által legálisan, ráadásul vámfizetési kötelezettség nélkül, vagy rendkívül kedvező vámtétel m ellett jutottak az országba a sokak által vágyott hiánycikkek. A csomag- majd később utalványrendszer működtetése a pártállam számára is előnyös volt, hiszen jelentős mennyiségű devizához jutott, amire a gazdasági elszigeteltségből fakadó alacsony export és az ezzel járó devizahiány miatt nagy szüksége volt a magyar gazdaságnak. A hivatalosan küldött valutát bevonták, s helyette a Magyar Nemzeti Bank IKKA-utalványt adott. Az IKKA-utalvány tehát fontos valutabevételi forrás lett. A diktatúra persze máshogyan is kihasználta a rendszerben rejlő lehetőségeket: az állambiztonság igyekezett minden olyan információt összegyűjteni és felhasználni, ami egy általuk ellenségesnek tartott személy, csoport, társadalmi réteg ellen felhasználható volt.
We, the disturbing animal: effects of anthropogenic noise in a Brazilian zoo
Authors: Monticelli Patrícia Ferreira , Medeiros Morato Ana Carla , Campos Paula Bruna
Published: February 2022

The negative effects of loud anthropic sounds on non-human health and welfare urges attention. We report here the results of a technical study we conducted attending a Public Prosecutor’s request at Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. A Civil Inquiry informed against nocive effects of human concentration on captive and free-living animals around the municipal zoo. The zoo is part of a natural protected area that paradoxically was used as a locale for public festivities. We aimed to compare two weekends, one of a traditional Italian event (EV) and another with no event (NE), and check sound level and behavioral changes in a sample of captive animals and in the soundscape. We employed three procedures: (1) Sound Pressure level (SPL) assessment at different localities; (2) Comparative behavior analysis; and (3) Soundscape description. Our results provided cues of how the festivities may be affecting free-living animals in the APA Morro do São Bento and captive ones. Peak SPL exposure was higher in EV in almost all the localities of the zoo; the six monitored individuals (two ocelots, two crassow, the European cervid and the maned-wolf) changed their activity and resting patterns and the soundscape was more diverse and intense in vocal activity than in NE.
Book Review of 'Ecocriticism of the Global South'
Authors: Strass-Senol Hanna
Published: February 2022

Book Review of Ecocriticism of the Global South.
Frequency of A2 Blood Group among A Blood Group
Authors: Rahman Md Moshiur , Giti Susane , Rahman Md Mizanur , Bhuiyan Mohammed Nuruzzaman , Hossen Mohammed Shameem Montasir , Hossain Mohammed Elias
Published: February 2022

Background: Transfusion medicine is an important branch in the field of medicine and patient care. Prior knowledge and identification of subgroups of ABO blood group system is important in blood transfusion, inheritance pattern, genetics and disease susceptibility. Getting right donor in right time in right place is sometime a challenge in patient care. So proper blood typing is mandatory. Still now there is no data on frequency of rare A2 blood group in Bangladesh Armed Forces as well as in Bangladesh. Aim: To see the frequency of A2 blood group among ABO blood groups in Bangladesh Armed forces and Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 patients with blood group A irrespective of age and sex were included in this retrospective study and the study was carried out in the Department of Transfusion Medicine Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 01 June 2021 to 30 June 2021. Blood grouping was performed by slide method and Anti-A1 reagent is used to differentiate blood group A1  from blood group A2. Results: Among 200 A blood group individual 198 were typed as A1 (99%) and 02 were typed as A2 (01%). Among those two one had anti A1 antibody while other didn’t have. Conclusion: A2 is a rare subtype of A blood group.  Care should be taken during routine ABO grouping especially in cases of discrepancies or mix-field or weak positive reactions in A blood group.
Videoconferencing Imitating Television in Foreign Language Instruction
Authors: Cook Timothy
Published: February 2022

This is a report on a videoconference conducted by a Japanese university seminar, the topic of which is language learning with online language exchange partners. The Japanese students are studying English and their partners are English speakers studying Japanese at American universities. While the technology used in the videoconference was limited to on-hand hardware and free software, it was staged as an interactive television show informed by the author’s past experience in distance learning programming. The reactions to the videoconference, from seminar and remote students, are discussed and suggestions for further exploration are offered.
これは、日本の大学のゼミで行われた「オンラインによる言語交換パートナーとの言語学習」をテーマにしたビデオ会議のレポートである。日本の大学生は英語を学んでおり、言語交換相手はアメリカの大学で日本語を学ぶ大学生たちだ。ビデオ会議に使用された技術は、手持ちのハードウェアと無料のソフトというごく限られたものだったが、筆者が過去に経験した遠隔教育番組の経験を生かし、インタラクティブなテレビ番組のように演出がされている。日本のゼミ生や相手側の学生によるビデオ会議への反応を考察し、さらなる調査のための提案が薦められる。
Slaves of Affection in Maria Edgeworth’s Belinda (1801) and Jane Austen’s Emma (1817)
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Carmen María
Published: February 2022

One of the reasons to associate Maria Edgeworth with Jane Austen is the importance of the former as a main source of inspiration for Austen’s domestic plots. Interestingly, both colonialism and gender studies have turned their eyes to Edgeworth’s and Austen’s approach to slavery. Nevertheless, the specific connection between Belinda and Emma in this regard has been overlooked while, indeed, there are many reasons to relate both works since both deal with women’s submission and emotional dependence from others in many ways. This article analyses two secondary characters in Edgeworth’s Belinda and Austen’s Emma. After examining the similarities of the status of blacks and women in late eighteenth-century England, I maintain that these works can be seen as two studies of gratitude and that they offer a new version of Edgeworth’s familiar theme of the grateful negro, though in this case it applies to woman’s surrogate social position. The ideas of Homi K. Bhabha on colonial discourse help to examine the relationship between gender and race in Belinda and Emma, as well as the lack of a fixed identity and unfulfilled desire of independence that was common to blacks and women. It is precisely this feature that adds some darkness and social critique to Edgeworth’s and Austen’s otherwise rather predictable plots.
Acupoint catgut embedding reduces postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors:   TaiZhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Luo Jing , Zhang Chen , Xia Mengjie , Chen Yuelian
Published: February 2022

Review question / Objective: Can acupoint catgut embedding alleviate postoperative pain of mixed hemorrhoids? Condition being studied: Mixed hemorrhoids. Information sources: Two authors (JL and CZ) will examine the publications independently and extract data according to predefined criteria. RCTs will be assessed for the methodology, study design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and outcome measures. The methodological quality of each RCT will be recorded for method of randomization, blinding, protocol violation, and allocation concealment Any disagreement will be resolved by consensus discussions with the senior member of the review team (MJX and YLC). Data to collect includes intervention and control measures, measured outcomes and statistical significant difference with regards to chewing gum.
Metallurgical assessments on 316L stainless steel thin walled plate fabricated through GMAW based typical Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India, Sowrirajan M , Vijayan S ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, Arulraj M ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Krishna Polytechnic College, Coimbatore, Sundaresan J ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India
Published: February 2022

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is developing trendy process for the fabrication of metal components nowadays. In the present study, the concept of WAAM is employed but typical concept is used for fabricating a thin walled plate sample using AISI 316L grade of stainless steel. The plate size is limited for ease up to laying only three weld beads in traverse direction rather than vertically as in the case of additive manufacturing. The chemical composition of fabricated sample is analysed for checking the use of WAAM for metal component fabrication. The ferrite number is also found and reported for supporting the fabricated component to withstand the corrosion. The low carbon steel was used as a parent metal to deposit the fabricating stainless steel thin plate. Microstructure of interface between base metal and fabricating metal is also revealed for confirming defect free component fabrication. These results are found to be satisfactory enough and thus the WAAM shall be used for the fabrication of desired components also especially in stainless steels.
Complicated Appendicitis in a Pediatric Patient with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Khiami Majd , Yassine Hiba , Beyrouthy George , Sayad Alain , Mokhbat Jacques , Farah Roula
Published: February 2022

Background: Appendicitis is a common acute surgical condition in the pediatric population. With the rise of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), many efforts have been made to understand the association of this virus with other disease entities. However, the association of acute appendicitis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children has not been well established. Few cases have been described in the literature with different hypotheses attempting to link the two entities. This highlights the need to be aware of such possible associations to achieve proper diagnosis and management and avoid complications.
Case Report: In this report, we describe the case of a seven-year-old boy who presented to our institution with uncomplicated appendicitis. The child was found to have SARS-CoV-2 infection on routine hospital testing. His condition deteriorated within hours, and he progressed from uncomplicated to complicated appendicitis. The child underwent surgical management followed by further medical management until he recovered. He had a smooth recovery and experienced no complications.
Conclusion: There is still no definite explanation concerning the effect of COVID-19 on appendicitis. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of acute appendicitis in the context of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and anticipate a possible progression of the disease course triggered by the virus.
TESS Giants Transiting Giants. II. The Hottest Jupiters Orbiting Evolved Stars
Authors: Grunblatt Samuel K. , Saunders Nicholas , Sun Meng , Chontos Ashley , Soares-Furtado Melinda , Eisner Nora , Pereira Filipe , Komacek Thaddeus , Huber Daniel , Collins Karen , Wang Gavin , Stockdale Chris , Quinn Samuel N. , Tronsgaard Rene , Zhou George , Nowak Grzegorz , Deeg Hans J. , Ciardi David R. , Boyle Andrew , Rice Malena , Dai Fei , Blunt Sarah , Van Zandt Judah , Beard Corey , Akana Murphy Joseph M. , Dalba Paul A. , Lubin Jack , Polanski Alex , Brinkman Casey Lynn , Howard Andrew W. , Buchhave Lars A. , Angus Ruth , Ricker George R. , Jenkins Jon M. , Wohler Bill , Goeke Robert F. , Levine Alan M. , Colon Knicole D. , Huang Chelsea X. , Kunimoto Michelle , Shporer Avi , Latham David W. , Seager Sara , Vanderspek Roland K. , Winn Joshua N.
Published: February 2022

Giant planets on short-period orbits are predicted to be inflated and eventually engulfed by their host stars. However, the detailed timescales and stages of these processes are not well known. Here, we present the discovery of three hot Jupiters (P < 10 days) orbiting evolved, intermediate-mass stars (M
⋆ ≈ 1.5 M
⊙, 2 R
⊙ < R
⋆ < 5 R
⊙). By combining TESS photometry with ground-based photometry and radial velocity measurements, we report masses and radii for these three planets of between 0.4 and 1.8 M
J and 0.8 and 1.8 R
J. TOI-2337b has the shortest period (P = 2.99432 ± 0.00008 days) of any planet discovered around a red giant star to date. Both TOI-4329b and TOI-2669b appear to be inflated, but TOI-2337b does not show any sign of inflation. The large radii and relatively low masses of TOI-4329b and TOI-2669b place them among the lowest density hot Jupiters currently known, while TOI-2337b is conversely one of the highest. All three planets have orbital eccentricities of below 0.2. The large spread in radii for these systems implies that planet inflation has a complex dependence on planet mass, radius, incident flux, and orbital properties. We predict that TOI-2337b has the shortest orbital decay timescale of any planet currently known, but do not detect any orbital decay in this system. Transmission spectroscopy of TOI-4329b would provide a favorable opportunity for the detection of water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide features in the atmosphere of a planet orbiting an evolved star, and could yield new information about planet formation and atmospheric evolution.
Probing Extremal Gravitational-wave Events with Coarse-grained Likelihoods
Authors: Essick Reed , Farah Amanda , Galaudage Shanika , Talbot Colm , Fishbach Maya , Thrane Eric , Holz Daniel E.
Published: February 2022

As catalogs of gravitational-wave transients grow, new records are set for the most extreme systems observed to date. The most massive observed black holes probe the physics of pair-instability supernovae while providing clues about the environments in which binary black hole systems are assembled. The least massive black holes, meanwhile, allow us to investigate the purported neutron star–black hole mass gap, and binaries with unusually asymmetric mass ratios or large spins inform our understanding of binary and stellar evolution. Existing outlier tests generally implement leave-one-out analyses, but these do not account for the fact that the event being left out was by definition an extreme member of the population. This results in a bias in the evaluation of outliers. We correct for this bias by introducing a coarse-graining framework to investigate whether these extremal events are true outliers or whether they are consistent with the rest of the observed population. Our method enables us to study extremal events while testing for population model misspecification. We show that this ameliorates biases present in the leave-one-out analyses commonly used within the gravitational-wave community. Applying our method to results from the second LIGO–Virgo transient catalog, we find qualitative agreement with the conclusions of Abbott et al. GW190814 is an outlier because of its small secondary mass. We find that neither GW190412 nor GW190521 is an outlier.
Absorption of the Lyα Radiation in the Heliosphere
Authors: Kowalska-Leszczynska I. , Kubiak M. A. , Bzowski M.
Published: February 2022

Absorption of the Lyα radiation on interstellar neutral hydrogen (ISN H) atoms in the heliosphere is a potentially important effect to account for in precise gas distribution simulations. In this paper, we develop a method to estimate the magnitude of absorption of solar Lyα radiation inside the solar wind termination shock and to include absorption effects in the Warsaw Test Particle Model (WTPM) by an appropriate modification of radiation pressure. We perform calculations of absorption effects on a 3D grid in the heliosphere and present a set of parameters to model absorption effects for the mean solar activity conditions. We show that absorption can change by up to 3%, depending on the solar activity level. Using a modified version of WTPM, we calculate the expected signal from IBEX-Lo and show that absorption may modify the simulated flux by up to 8%.
Dynamically Tagged Groups of Metal-poor Stars from the Best and Brightest Survey
Authors: Shank Derek , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. , Limberg Guilherme , Jaques Emma , Yuan Zhen , Schlaufman Kevin C. , Casey Andrew R. , Huang Yang , Lee Young Sun , Hattori Kohei , Santucci Rafael M.
Published: February 2022

Orbital characteristics based on Gaia Early Data Release 3 astrometric parameters are analyzed for ∼4000 metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] ≤ −0.8) compiled from the Best and Brightest survey. Selected as metal-poor candidates based on broadband near- and far-IR photometry, 43% of these stars had medium-resolution (1200 ≲ R ≲ 2000) validation spectra obtained over a 7 yr campaign from 2014 to 2020 with a variety of telescopes. The remaining stars were chosen based on photometric metallicity determinations from the Huang et al. recalibration of the Sky Mapper Southern Survey. Dynamical clusters of these stars are obtained from the orbital energy and cylindrical actions using the HDBSCAN unsupervised learning algorithm. We identify 52 dynamically tagged groups (DTGs) with between five and 21 members; 18 DTGs have at least 10 member stars. Milky Way (MW) substructures such as Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus, the Metal-Weak Thick-Disk, Thamnos, the Splashed Disk, and the Helmi Stream are identified. Associations with MW globular clusters are determined for eight DTGs; no recognized MW dwarf galaxies were associated with any of our DTGs. Previously identified dynamical groups are also associated with our DTGs, with emphasis placed on their structural determination and possible new identifications. Chemically peculiar stars are identified as members of several DTGs, with six DTGs that are associated with r-process-enhanced stars. We demonstrate that the mean carbon and α-element abundances of our DTGs are correlated with their mean metallicity in an understandable manner. Similarly, we find that the mean metallicity, carbon, and α-element abundances are separable into different regions of the mean rotational-velocity space.
Simultaneous Observations of Chromospheric Evaporation and Condensation during a C-class Flare
Authors: Li Dong , Hong Zhenxiang , Ning Zongjun
Published: February 2022

We explored simultaneous observations of chromospheric evaporation and condensation during the impulsive phase of a C6.7 flare on 2019 May 9. The solar flare was simultaneously observed by multiple instruments, i.e., the New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST), the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), Fermi, the Mingantu Spectral Radioheliograph, and the Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters. Using the single Gaussian fitting and the moment analysis technique, redshifted velocities at slow speeds of 15–19 km s−1 are found in the cool lines of C ii and Si iv at one flare footpoint location. Redshifts are also seen in the Hα line-of-sight velocity image measured by NVST at double footpoints. Those redshifts with slow speeds can be regarded as the low-velocity downflows driven by the chromospheric condensation. Meanwhile, the converging motions from double footpoints to the loop top are found in the high-temperature EUV images, such as AIA 131, 94, and 335 Å. Their apparent speeds are estimated to be roughly 126–210 km s−1, which could be regarded as the high-velocity upflows caused by the chromospheric evaporation. The nonthermal energy flux is estimated to be about 5.7 × 1010 erg s−1 cm−2. The characteristic timescale is roughly equal to 1 minute. All these observational results suggest an explosive chromospheric evaporation during the flare impulsive phase. While a hard X-ray/microwave pulse and a type III radio burst are found simultaneously, indicating that the explosive chromospheric evaporation is driven by the nonthermal electron.
The Design and Integrated Performance of SPT-3G
Authors: Sobrin J. A. , Anderson A. J. , Bender A. N. , Benson B. A. , Dutcher D. , Foster A. , Goeckner-Wald N. , Montgomery J. , Nadolski A. , Rahlin A. , Ade P. A. R. , Ahmed Z. , Anderes E. , Archipley M. , Austermann J. E. , Avva J. S. , Aylor K. , Balkenhol L. , Barry P. S. , Thakur R. Basu , Benabed K. , Bianchini F. , Bleem L. E. , Bouchet F. R. , Bryant L. , Byrum K. , Carlstrom J. E. , Carter F. W. , Cecil T. W. , Chang C. L. , Chaubal P. , Chen G. , Cho H.-M. , Chou T.-L. , Cliche J.-F. , Crawford T. M. , Cukierman A. , Daley C. , Haan T. de , Denison E. V. , Dibert K. , Ding J. , Dobbs M. A. , Everett W. , Feng C. , Ferguson K. R. , Fu J. , Galli S. , Gambrel A. E. , Gardner R. W. , Gualtieri R. , Guns S. , Gupta N. , Guyser R. , Halverson N. W. , Harke-Hosemann A. H. , Harrington N. L. , Henning J. W. , Hilton G. C. , Hivon E. , Holder G. P. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hood J. C. , Howe D. , Huang N. , Irwin K. D. , Jeong O. B. , Jonas M. , Jones A. , Khaire T. S. , Knox L. , Kofman A. M. , Korman M. , Kubik D. L. , Kuhlmann S. , Kuo C.-L. , Lee A. T. , Leitch E. M. , Lowitz A. E. , Lu C. , Meyer S. S. , Michalik D. , Millea M. , Natoli T. , Nguyen H. , Noble G. I. , Novosad V. , Omori Y. , Padin S. , Pan Z. , Paschos P. , Pearson J. , Posada C. M. , Prabhu K. , Quan W. , Reichardt C. L. , Riebel D. , Riedel B. , Rouble M. , Ruhl J. E. , Saliwanchik B. , Sayre J. T. , Schiappucci E. , Shirokoff E. , Smecher G. , Stark A. A. , Stephen J. , Story K. T. , Suzuki A. , Tandoi C. , Thompson K. L. , Thorne B. , Tucker C. , Umilta C. , Vale L. R. , Vanderlinde K. , Vieira J. D. , Wang G. , Whitehorn N. , Wu W. L. K. , Yefremenko V. , Yoon K. W. , Young M. R.
Published: February 2022

SPT-3G is the third survey receiver operating on the South Pole Telescope dedicated to high-resolution observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Sensitive measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB provide a powerful data set for constraining cosmology. Additionally, CMB surveys with arcminute-scale resolution are capable of detecting galaxy clusters, millimeter-wave bright galaxies, and a variety of transient phenomena. The SPT-3G instrument provides a significant improvement in mapping speed over its predecessors, SPT-SZ and SPTpol. The broadband optics design of the instrument achieves a 430 mm diameter image plane across observing bands of 95, 150, and 220 GHz, with 1.2′ FWHM beam response at 150 GHz. In the receiver, this image plane is populated with 2690 dual-polarization, trichroic pixels (∼16,000 detectors) read out using a 68× digital frequency-domain multiplexing readout system. In 2018, SPT-3G began a multiyear survey of 1500 deg2 of the southern sky. We summarize the unique optical, cryogenic, detector, and readout technologies employed in SPT-3G, and we report on the integrated performance of the instrument.
The Kepler IRIS Catalog: Image Subtraction Light Curves for 9150 Stars in and around the Open Clusters NGC 6791 and NGC 6819
Authors: Colman Isabel L. , Bedding Timothy R. , Huber Daniel , Kjeldsen Hans
Published: February 2022

The four-year Kepler mission collected long-cadence images of the open clusters NGC 6791 and NGC 6819, known as “superstamps”. Each superstamp region is a 200 pixel square that captures thousands of cluster members, plus foreground and background stars, of which only the brightest were targeted for long- or short-cadence photometry during the Kepler mission. Using image subtraction photometry, we have produced light curves for every object in the Kepler Input Catalog that falls on the superstamps. The Increased Resolution Image Subtraction (IRIS) catalog includes light curves for 9150 stars, and contains a wealth of new data: 8427 of these stars were not targeted at all by Kepler, and we have increased the number of available quarters of long-cadence data for 382 stars. The catalog is available as a high-level science product on MAST, with both raw photometric data for each quarter and corrected light curves for all available quarters for each star. We also present an introduction to our implementation of image subtraction photometry and the open-source IRIS pipeline, alongside an overview of the data products, systematics, and catalog statistics.
Principi etici e norme editoriali
Authors: Rodriguez Daniele , Meloni Lorenzo , Zanin Maria , Lavagnolo Cinzia
Published: February 2022

Questo articolo riporta quanto emerso dall'esame delle norme redazionali di 756 riviste scientifiche internazionali al fine di accertare se esse contengano regole di carattere etico che gli autori di lavori a carattere sperimentale devono rispettare nello svolgimento delle loro ricerche, sia per quanto riguarda l'uomo che l'animale. Dopo aver esposto rapidamente le problematiche etiche che la sperimentazione sia sull'uomo che sull'animale pone, citando i più recenti orientamenti in materia, viene presentato il metodo con cui è stato svolto lo studio, riportando infine i risultati esponendoli in varie tabelle, ciascuna delie quali è dedicata ad uno specifico punto fra le numerose questioni etiche che la sperimentazione umana ed animale pongono.
Synthesis, characterization and anti-bacterial activity of Schiff Base and its mixed ligand complexes of Cr (II) and Co (II) containing vanillin and 2-aminophenol
Authors: Ayuba Isiyaku , Ibrahim Tajo Siraj , Aishatu Umar Maigari , Buhari Magaji
Published: February 2022

Schiff Base are organic ligand that contained azomethine linkage (-HC=N-) which shows biological importance. Schiff Base from vanillin and 2-aminophenol was synthesized in 1:1 mole ratio. The complexes of Cr (II) and Co (II) from Schiff Base in 1:2 mole ratio metal-ligand (M-L) and the mixed ligand complexes from Schiff Base and 2-aminophenol in 1:1:1 mole ratio ligand-metal-ligand(L-M-L) were synthesized and characterized based on solubility, melting point, conductivity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet (UV). The solubility result shows that, dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) dissolved all the complexes. The results obtained from melting point, conductivity indicated purity and non-electrolytic of the complexes respectively. In metal complexes, the infrared data showed the ligands is coordinated to the metal ion through azomethine nitrogen, oxygen in methoxyl group and oxygen in phenolic group. In mixed ligand complexes, the infrared data revealed the ligands is coordinated to the metal ion through azomethine nitrogen, oxygen in methoxyl group, oxygen in phenolic group and nitrogen in amino group. The results showed a six coordinate octahedral geometry for these complexes. The ligands and the metal complexes were examined for their antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyrogens , Klebsiella pneumonia (gram - bacteria), and Bacillus sutilis, Staphylococcus aureus (gram + bacteria). In comparing the results, the complex of Co(HL1)2 has greater zone of inhibition against the tested organism than the free ligands as antibacterial agent.
Phytochemical screening and proximate composition of aqueous-methanol pulp extract of Azanza garckeana (Goron Tula)
Authors: Momodu I.B. , Agoreyo B.O. , Okungbowa E.S. , Igiebor S.E. , Igbo I.O.L
Published: February 2022

Azanza garckeana is a shrub and tropical fruit-bearing tree. It belongs to the malvaeceas family and has spherical woolly edible fruits. In this study, qualitative phytochemical screening, proximate analysis and evaluation of minerals were carried out on the aqueous-methanol pulp extract of Azanza garckeana fruit (Goron Tula). The presence of saponins, alkaloids and phenol were detected. The proximate analysis revealed the presence of moisture (10.90 ± 0.40 %), Dry matter (89.10 ± 0.40 %), ash (4.51 ± 0.40 %), fibre (0.94 ± 0.13 %), fat (3.16 ± 0.00 %), crude protein (6.43 ± 0.29 %) and nitrogen-free substances (74.06 ± 0.24 %). Evaluation of essential minerals revealed the presence of Ca (386.83 ± 0.63 mg/kg), Mg (205.27 mg/kg ± 0.46), Na (9.70 mg/kg ± 0.06), K (774.17 mg/kg ± 0.07), Fe (28.49 mg/kg ± 0.38), Zn (19.92 mg/kg ± 0.41) and P (161.62 mg/kg ± 0.25). The result shows that the aqueous-methanol pulp extract of Azanza garckeana (Goron Tula) contain phytochemicals, proximate composition, as well as high mineral content, which may give credence to it medicinal and dietary uses.
Analysis of post-harvest losses of banana and the economic wellbeing of farmers in Boyo Division, North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Nkwain K.T. , Odiaka E.C. , Ikwuba A.A. , Nkwi G E.
Published: February 2022

Post-harvest losses of banana affect the economic wellbeing of farmers in Africa especially in Boyo Division in the North West region of Cameroon where majority of the producers are smallholders’ farmers. The study analysed post-harvest losses of banana and its effect on the economic wellbeing of farmers in Boyo Division. Three hundred and eighty respondents were selected from three out of four sub-divisions in Boyo Division using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data was obtained from the respondents with the aid of questionnaire and focus group discussions. The data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results revealed that 61,055 bunches of banana were harvested, 21,107 bunches sold, 16,751 bunches used by farmers’ households while 23,197 bunches were lost at post-harvest stages in 2019/2020. This quantity lost was suffered at the farm level, transportation, storage, ripening, processing and sale stages with most losses (11-20) suffered at the farm level. The study further revealed that farmers expected an estimated net amount of 10,570,036 FCFA while an estimated net amount of 2,213,759 FCFA was achieved with post-harvest losses. The study therefore, concludes that post–harvest losses of banana have a positive correlation on farmers’ economic wellbeing and recommends sensitization and training of farmers on post-harvest management techniques.
Elemental analysis of rice husk using X-ray fluorescence techniques – a case study of Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu G.D. , Shuaibu H.Y. , Maharaz M.N. , Chifu E.N. , Silikwa N.W. , Lariski F.M. , Zarma S.S. , Dankawu U.M. , Benedict J.N.
Published: February 2022

The rice husk or hard protective shell are woody, siliceous, and not edible part of the rice plant. Here in, the elemental composition of rice husk was determined using the energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Technique. The rice husks were obtained from four different Local Governments namely, Hadejia, Dutse, Auyo and Ringim of Jigawa State, Nigeria. The samples were collected during dry season and ground into a fine powder using mortar and pestle The results of the analyses revealed the presence of eleven elements which are; Silicon (Si), Rubidium (Rb), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Bromine (Br) and Strontium (Sr) for Hadejia and Ringim while Dutse and Auyo are having ten with the absence of Br. The elements detected and their concentration (in %) for Hadejia, Dutse, Auyo and Ringim respectively are as follows Si (69.05, 70.52, 73.18, 69.33), Rb (0.321, 0.153, 0.164, 0.219), K (16.52, 16.03, 14.29, 16.66), Ca (8.45, 8.064, 8.101, 8.85), Mn (1.104, 1.026, 0.99, 1.077), Fe (3.739, 3.564, 2.719, 3.162), Ni (0.27, 0.291, 0.291, 0.249, 0.26), Cu (0.021, 0.018, 0.017, 0.015), Zn (0.36, 0.266, 0.226, 0.307), Br (0.065, 0.00, 0.00, 0.046) and Sr (0.087, 0.056, 0.05, 0.063). The results of the analysis in % shows Si with high percentage concentration followed by K and the rest are in the following ascending order Ca > Fe > Zn > Rb > Sr > Br > Ni > Cu. Four new elements were discovered namely; Rb, Cu, Sr and Br in rice husk which were not common in other existing studies. The composition can also be affected by factors such as soil chemistry, climatic conditions, and the type of fertilizer used.
Bio-concentration of some heavy metals and oxidative stress enzymes in Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia fish) from the Hadejia- Nguru wetlands, Jigawa State.
Authors: Musa I.M. , Imam T.S.
Published: February 2022

The Hadejia- Nguru wetland is a vast land of intensive agricultural and fishing activities. It receives waste water through discharges from agricultural, sewage and industrial sources. Five points marked as sites A,B,C,D and E were used for the study .The study aimed in evaluating levels of some heavy metals Cadmium(Cd), Chromium(Cr), Aluminum(Al),Lead(Pb) and Mercury(Hg) in O. niloticus and their effect in inducing oxidative stress in the fish. The tissue of interest were gills, muscle and liver. Results obtained revealed concentration of heavy metal in the sequence Hg>Cr>Pb>Al>Cd in the fish. The highest level of heavy metals contamination was recorded in fish from sample site B. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in fish from site B compared with sites C, D and E. Mean concentration of Hg recorded in the gills ranged from 249.75 mg/kg in site B to 128.50 mg/kg in site A, 118.75 mg/kg in site D, 77.25 mg/kg in site C and 62.0 mg/kg in site E. Oxidative stress markers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione were significantly higher in the fish tissue indicating a stressful condition in the fish. Anthropogenic activities contributed to the high level of metals found in the wetland and this in turn is reflected in the oxidative stress in fish.
Application of geophysical method to delineate Kaolin deposit at Kankara, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Osumeje Joseph O. , Daniel Eshimiakhe , Lawal Kolawole M.
Published: February 2022

Area around Kankara Local Government Area of Katsina State, which lies within the Northern Nigerian Basement complex, is considered as one of the most prospective regions for Kaolin mineralization in Nigeria. A geophysical survey involving aeromagnetic and electrical resistivity survey was employed to delineate the fault and features that may be related to the mineralization. The aeromagnetic map results which included the first and second vertical derivatives and analytical signal map, revealed that a continuous linear feature trends Northwest to Southeast direction and Northeast to Southwest direction with a few traces along East-West and North-South. The electrical resistivity tomography was taken at a mining site along which the fault line passes through. It revealed that the Kaolin mineral lies within the overburden and weathered layer, with depth approximately 10-15m, extending from East -West.
Predominance of Keratinophilic Fungi and Dermatohytes Species in Dumpsite Locations in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Thomas B.T. , Popoola O.D. , Oyeyipo F.M.
Published: February 2022

This study determined the predominance of keratinophilic fungi and dermatophytes species in dumpsites located within four geopolitical zones of Ogun State, Nigeria using the traditional hair baiting technique. The physiological condition of the soil samples was analyzed to understand the role of ecophysiological parameters on the growth and survival of the inherent organisms of the studied sites while the identification of isolated organisms was carried out based on both micro and macro morphological parameters. A total of ninety four (94) strains of filamentous fungi belonging to thirteen(13) different species namely Lichtheimia corymbifera 6.3 (3.19%), Aspergillus carbonarius 1 (1.06%), Aspergillus flavus 1 (1.06%), Aspergillus fumigatus 21(22.34%), Aspergillus niger 11(11.70%), Aspergillus terreus 9(9.58%), Aspergillus versicolori 1(1.06%), Epidermophyton floccosum 6(6.38%), Microsporum gypseum 15(15.96%), Penicillium chrysogenum 4(4.26%), Trichoderma longibrachiatum1(1.06%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes 16(17.02%) and Trichophyton rubrum 5(5.33%) were identified from the sampled dumpsites. All the isolated organisms grew in pH value ranging between 5.8 and 9.1. The Shannon index of diversity was found to be approximately 1.98 while both specie’s richness and percentage of specie dominance were 13 and 22.3%, respectively. In conclusion, the dumpsites sampled showed evidence of keratinphilic fungi prone environment and should be given appropriate health attention to avoid this public health nuisance being a vehicle for the transmission of infectious diseases.
Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities of Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. Stem Bark Extract
Authors: Salawu K.M. , Oyerinde A.A. , Bello R.H.
Published: February 2022

Citrus limon is traditionally use for the treatment of several ailments including infectious diseases. This study was designed to evaluate antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of Citrus limon stem bark extract. The plant material was collected, authenticated, air-dried and pulverized. Two hundred grams of powdered plant material was extracted into distilled methanol by cold maceration and the extract was concentration in a vacuo. The extract was subjected to in vitro phytochemical screening and bioassays including; antiproliferative assay (Sorghum bicolor radicle and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays) and antimicrobial susceptibility against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter ferundii and Candida albicans. Phytochemical evaluation detected the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and cardiac glycoside in the extract. The extract displayed concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity with an IC50 of 1.10±0.07 and 0.62±0.04 mg/mL compared to cyclophosphamide (IC50 of 0.17±0.02 and 0.83±0.08 mg/mL) for Sorghum bicolor radical growth and Allium cepa root growth inhibitory assays, respectively. The extract displayed antimicrobial activity with the highest activity against Escherichia coli and Citrobacter ferundii with activity indices of 0.68 and 0.59, respectively compared to gentamicin. Citrus limon stem bark extract displayed antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities.
Structure, Conduct and Performance of Maize Marketing in Irewole Local Government Area, Osun State
Authors: Jimoh L.O. , Akintunde O.K. , Kehinde A.L. , Agboola T.O. , Alabi A.A.
Published: February 2022

The study analyzed the marketing of maize in Irewole Local Government Area of Osun State and describes the socio-economic characteristics of maize marketers by determining the marketing margin, marketing cost, markup, operational efficiency as well as constraints faced by maize marketers in the area. Data used for the study were generated through the administration of structured questionnaire. A total of 120 respondents comprising of 40 maize wholesalers and 80 retailers, were randomly sampled from three purposively selected major maize markets. Descriptive statistics, Concentration Ratio, Gini Coefficient and Operational Efficiency Model were the analytical tools adopted for the study. The findings of the study revealed that maize marketing was efficient and profitable; N900 and N1200 per 100 kg bag for wholesalers and retailers, respectively in the study area. There also exists variation in marketing cost, marketing margin, marketing profit, and markup for both wholesale and retail maize markets. Gini Coefficients of 0.319 and 0.312 were obtained for wholesaler and retailer, respectively indicating high level of competition in the industry. Major problems facing both wholesalers and retailers are price uncertainty, high perishability of maize and seasonal nature of maize. However, insecurity and high capital requirement are considered as major constraints. It is therefore recommended that the challenges be alleviated to improve efficiency of maize market in the area.
Geology and Structural Studies of Precambrian Basement Rocks Around Mahuta, Zuru Schist Belt, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Kitha M. , Ibrahim H.A. , Grema H.M. , Abdulkarim M.
Published: February 2022

The study of geology and structures in part of Zuru schist belt northwestern Nigeria was aimed at understanding the rock units, mineralogy, structural configuration, distribution and deformation. This was achieved through lineament analysis, petrographic study and structural analysis (geometric, kinematic and dynamic). Lineament analysis revealed the distribution, relative abundance and orientations of linear-curvilinear features. Three (3) main lithologic units were revealed; medium-grained granite, quartz-mica schist, and quartzite while minor ones are quartz vein, quartzofeldspathic pegmatite and aplitic dyke; this was arrived at because of minerals assemblages like quartz, feldspars, biotite, and muscovite. Structural analysis revealed the presence of normal fault, strike-slip fault and systematic joint (orthogonal). The joints trend is dominantly NE-SW, N-S, E-W. The normal faults reveal maximum principal stress (σ1) orientation in 087, the intermediate stress (σ2) was oriented in 222 while the minimum stress (σ3) was oriented in 312 directions. The kinematic axes revealed from the fault data are P-axis (Compressional) is 87/087; B-axis (Tensional) is 02/222 while T-axis (Transpressional) is 02/312. The component of deformation of the normal fault is elongated by 10-30 cm, while the vertical deformation effect is neutral. The area experienced multiple phases of deformation. The study will aid in mineral exploration.
Cultivation and Processing of Microalgae for Its Sustainability as a Feedstock for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Ajala E.O. , Ajala M.A. , Akinpelu G.S. , Akubude V.C.
Published: February 2022

Microalgae are becoming sustainable alternative feedstocks to food crops for biodiesel production which can also solve the problems associated with the use of fossil fuels. However, several challenges about microalgae’s cultivation, harvesting, pre-treatment and extraction processes as well as the technology of biodiesel production affect its sustainability. This study proffers solutions to these challenges and recommended that hybrid culture systems with genetically engineered microalgal species would overcome the challenges of cultivation. The coagulation/flocculation method was adjudged the best harvesting process of the microalgae for its sustainability for biodiesel production. The pre-treatment by ultrasound coupled with enzymatic extraction was suggested best, due to their numerous advantages over other methods. A novel integrated ultrasound-enzyme-enzyme in-situ pre-treatment-extraction-transesterification design is considered a sustainable approach to utilising microalgae biomass for biodiesel production. The study concludes that the microalgae biomass is more than sufficient to meet the global energy demand and can be economically harnessed as a sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production.

HIGHLIGHTS

•Microalgae contain sufficient characteristics for their sustainability for biodiesel production.• Implementation of genetic strategies of microalgal species by cultivating in a hybrid system is the key to microalgae sustainability.• Harvesting of microalgae by coagulation/flocculation method would promote its efficient lipid recovery.• Microalgae are novel feedstocks with a rigid cell wall, its lipid extraction requires the use of effective and efficient pre-treatment.• The ultrasound-enzymatic extraction and enzymatic transesterification in an in-situ process can sustainably utilise microalgae biomass for biodiesel production.
Spiritual Entrepreneurship: An Approach to Understanding Christian Spirituality in Market Place
Authors: Hatta Ignatius Bambang Sukarno , Lie Romi
Published: February 2022

Efforts to explore the spirituality of Christian work have become an urgent need, not because they want to compete with the spirituality of work that is currently going on in a secular manner, but as a form of fulfilling the Christian missionary call to "witness, preach the Gospel, and make disciples of all nations." Apart from being an effort to fulfill the call of Christian mission, studying the spirituality of Christian work also helps Christian workers to have a quality work ethic in their workplace, because they do it productively, independently and spiritually. Spiritual entrepreneurship was found to be the right choice that could meet the criteria and forms of Christian work spirituality needed. The method used in this research is literature study, namely by collecting data from books, the Bible, and online journals about Christian entrepreneurship, Christian work spirituality, and Christian work ethic. Spiritual entrepreneurship is the best choice as an embodiment of the spirituality of Christian work, because of the consideration of the underlying principles and values, its distinctive form, and its function and the possibility of a large positive impact it can generate.
Food in the digital platform economy – making sense of a dynamic ecosystem
Authors: Short Samuel , Strauss Bernhard , Lotfian Pantea
Published: February 2022

The food services sector has been evolving rapidly over the past decade, accelerated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The traditional linear model of food producers selling through wholesalers to brick and mortar retailers, restaurants and hospitality venues is increasingly being displaced by complex interactive digital ecosystems of online food services providers. Consumers are increasingly able to access food directly at various stages along the traditional value chain via interaction with digital platforms and rapid home-delivery networks, realising greater convenience, more variety in food products and services from a dynamic start-up scene, and overall enhanced value. FSA needs to stay abreast of these changes and develop regulatory responses to ensure these innovations are aligned with the public good and do not compromise food safety and public health.
“Viajeros hispanoamericanos a Oriente árabe”
Authors: Barrera María Olga Samamé
Published: February 2022

En este trabajo se presenta a dos viajeros hispanoamericanos que realizaron un viaje al Oriente árabe, durante el primer tercio del siglo XX. Este espacio se definía por su fanatismo religioso, su barbarie, su estancamiento cultural, su desenfadada sexualidad y pereza, donde la presencia de Occidente se justificaba porque se había convertido en el ente civilizador de aquel en todos sus aspectos. La escritura de estos dos viajeros carece de un sentimiento colonial explícito, aunque construyan al árabe como un ser inferior,  demuestra que los itinerantes no realizan su viaje con un afán edificante, sino para describirlo en el aspecto físico, la fe y las costumbres de sus habitantes, en una suerte de liberación personal.
Recirculación en Bombas Centrífugas
Authors: Esquivel Francisco Valenzuela , Velázquez Miguel Toledo
Published: February 2022

Los métodos y criterios de diseño de los equipos de bombeo se aplican únicamente en el punto de máxima eficiencia. El diseño de un equipo de bombeo trata de lograr la máxima eficiencia a una capacidad, carga y velocidad, conducido por estudios hidráulicos para determinar los requerimientos que aseguren un consumo mínimo de energía. De igual forma los principales parámetros de diseño para el cálculo de las dimensiones y forma de la bomba se establecen con la misma metodología.

Sin embargo, se ha tocado poco el tema de la operación fuera del punto de máxima eficiencia en los requerimientos de los parámetros de diseño, no habiendo una referencia específica dentro del cálculo del impulsor necesaria para satisfacer posibles requerimientos o problemas que se presenten al operar el equipo de bombeo fuera de éste punto.