bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uterine Carcinomas in Tetrabromobisphenol A–exposed Wistar Han Rats Harbor Increased Tp53 Mutations and Mimic High-grade Type I Endometrial Carcinomas in Women
Authors: Harvey Janice B. , Osborne Tanasa S. , Hong Hue-Hua L. , Bhusari Sachin , Ton Tai-Vu , Pandiri Arun R. , Masinde Tiwanda , Dunnick June , Peddada Shyamal , Elmore Susan , Hoenerhoff Mark J.
Published: September 2015

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy is the United States and accounts for 6% of all cancers in women. The disease is classified as type I or type II based on clinicopathologic and molecular features. It is a multifactorial disease with a number of risk factors, including environmental exposures. How environmental exposures, such as flame retardants, may affect the incidence of endometrial cancer is a topic of current and ongoing interest. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a widely used brominated flame retardant found in a variety of household products. A recent 2-year National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity study found that exposure to TBBPA was associated with a marked increase in the development of uterine tumors, specifically uterine carcinomas, in Wistar Han rats. Molecularly, TBBPA-induced uterine carcinomas in Wistar Han rats were characterized by a marked increase in tumor protein 53 mutation compared to spontaneous uterine carcinomas, as well as overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Similar to spontaneous carcinomas, tumors in TBBPA-exposed rats were estrogen receptor-alpha positive and progesterone receptor negative by immunohistochemistry. The morphologic and molecular features of uterine carcinomas in TBBPA-exposed rats resemble those of high-grade type I tumors in women, and these data suggest that exposure to TBBPA may pose an increased cancer risk.
Secondary choral directors’ multicultural teaching practices, attitudes and experiences in international schools
Authors: Bennett Walling Catherine
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine whether secondary choral directors employed at international schools implemented a multicultural education in their programs. Participants ( N = 126) were secondary choral directors working at international schools in 59 different countries. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on director backgrounds, opinions, methods, and experiences relating to multicultural music in international school secondary choral programs. Results showed that 62% of directors who teach in international schools reported current use of multicultural teaching practices. Most choral directors who implemented multicultural teaching practices were confident in teaching music from many cultures, considered their students’ backgrounds when selecting repertoire and included nonwestern music selections in their concerts. The resources and repertoire that directors used for multicultural music lessons were numerous and varied. Additionally, 88% of directors noted that working at an international school had positively influenced their multicultural teaching practices.
Clinical significance of no-reflow in different stages of primary angioplasty among patients with acute myocardial infarctions
Authors: Jiecheng Peng , Ai-ling Wang
Published: September 2015

Background:

The coronary no-reflow (NR) phenomenon, which is associated with poor clinical outcomes, is usually referred to as a post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) state. NR can occur in different stages of the PCI procedure, not only including the post-stenting stage, but from balloon pre-dilation to pre-stenting. The clinical significance of NR in the different stages of the PCI procedure is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the clinical and angiographic characteristics, the prognosis for NR patients in the aforementioned two stages and to determine the predictors of NR in the early stage.

Methods:

Between January 2009 and December 2013, a total of 420 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) underwent primary PCI. Sixty-three patients (15%) with NR constituted the study population. The patients were divided into an early NR group and a subsequent NR group. The clinical and angiographic findings were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors for early NR. The long-term clinical outcomes after PCI were analyzed.

Results:

Regarding the baseline characteristics, we identified that the early NR group had statistically significant effects on the higher percentage of diabetes mellitus (42.9% vs. 20%), lower admission systolic blood pressure (SBP) (102.2±8.3 mmHg vs. 110.5±7.6 mmHg), higher percentage of Killip classification III (71.4% vs. 45.7%,) and longer reperfusion time (7.1±2.3 h vs. 5.88±2.2 h) compared to the subsequent NR group. There were significant differences between the two groups with respect to the percentage of initial thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow 0/1 (64.3% vs. 37.1%), target lesion length (31.4±13.6 mm vs. 20.5±17.3 mm) and thrombus score ⩾4 (67.9% vs. 42.9%; p<0.05 for all). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that an admission SBP <100 mmHg (OR=4.580; 95% CI=1.385–15.150; p=0.0130), reperfusion time ⩾6 h (OR=4.978; 95% CI=1.468–16.882; p=0.010) and a thrombus score ⩾4 (OR=2.708; 95% CI=0.833–8.799; p=0.008) were the independent determinants of the early NR. During a 1-year follow-up, the all-cause mortality and overall major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in the early NR group occurred significantly more often than in the subsequent NR group (28.6% vs. 5.7% and 35.7% vs. 14.3%, respectively, p <0.05). The early NR group had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (42.5±4.7 vs. 47.8±3.5, p <0.001) and a larger left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (56.0±4.0 vs. 51.5 ±4.7, p=0.001) at the end of the follow-up.

Conclusion:

Early NR patients during primary PCI have more severe baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics, as well as a poorer long-term prognosis.
The refluxing anterior accessory saphenous vein demonstrates similar clinical severity when compared to the refluxing great saphenous vein
Authors: Schul Marlin W , Schloerke Barrett , Gomes Guilherme Maia
Published: September 2015

Objective

To prospectively compare disease severity in subjects with anterior accessory saphenous vein versus great saphenous vein incompetence with an incompetent saphenofemoral junction.

Methods

Data were^ collected from 241 subjects and 290 limbs over a six-month period. These subjects were categorized into three groups with primary venous reflux disease, namely anterior accessory saphenous vein, great saphenous vein, and control. Statistical methods including descriptive statistics, student t-tests, and log linear modeling were employed to compare groups and determine predictive features out of the 41 demographic and disease-specific variables collected.

Results

Subjects in the anterior accessory saphenous vein group and those in the great saphenous vein group demonstrate statistically significant differences as compared to the control group with respect to the following disease-specific features: mean VCSS, presence of C2 and C3 disease. The anterior accessory saphenous vein group also showed statistically significant differences in gender compared to both great saphenous vein and control, as well as mean body mass index compared to the control. Log-linear modeling revealed equivalent disease severity when comparing patients with saphenofemoral junction reflux to the great saphenous vein or anterior accessory saphenous vein.

Conclusions

Patterns of reflux from the saphenofemoral junction to either the anterior accessory saphenous vein or great saphenous vein possess similar disease severity and commonly suffer complications of venous stasis.
Accuracy of venous thromboembolism assessment and compliance to prophylaxis in a tertiary care center
Authors: Kim Pamela S , Gasparis Antonios P , Probeck Kristan , Elitharp Doreen , Tassiopoulos Apostolos , Labropoulos Nicos
Published: September 2015

Background

Proper assessment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk level in hospitalized patients is vital to providing adequate prophylaxis. Clinical decision support (CDS) tools with electronic medical record (EMR) have been used by institutions to improve assessment and prophylaxis. As such, this study was conducted after implementing such a system to compare admitting service (AS) assessment of VTE risk level to the VTE consult service (CS) assessment. In addition, compliance of ordered prophylaxis based on AS assessment was evaluated.

Methods

At a tertiary care center, we performed a review of randomly selected patients assessed within 18 h of admission for VTE risk over a five-month period. A total of 104 patients were evaluated, four of which were excluded because of VTE presence on admission. Patients were assessed for VTE risk independently, first by the AS, followed by the VTE CS. Prophylaxis orders were then reviewed based on AS assessment compliance to CDS recommendations for prophylaxis based on ACCP guidelines.

Results

All 100 patients underwent VTE risk assessment within 18 h from admission. The mean age was 63 years. Comparing AS to CS assessment, 13 patients had incorrect assessments ( p < .001). Of these, six patients were under-assessed ( p = .029), and seven patients were over-assessed ( p = .014). Based on AS assessment there were eight patients who had incorrect prophylaxis ordered. Unnecessary exposure to complications due to inappropriate prophylaxis occurred in five patients.

Conclusion

Despite the use of EMR CDS tools, there continues to be a significant number of patients that are being under-assessed and under-prophylaxed for VTE resulting in exposing patients to potential harm. Quality programs need to be instituted to further improve VTE assessment and prophylaxis.
Effect of Eye Height on Estimated Slopes of Hills
Authors: Bridgeman Bruce , Cooke Ian
Published: September 2015

Several studies have shown that slopes of hills are greatly overestimated. We have recently demonstrated that the overestimates increase logarithmically as the end point of the domain to be estimated is increased. A theoretical analysis showed that a critical parameter is the angle between the observer’s line of sight and the slope of the hill, when the observer fixates the far point of the required domain. The theory predicts that increasing the observers’ eye height will increase this angle, thus reducing the overestimates. Here, we test that theory by having observers stand on a box to increase their eye height. Slope estimates for various ranges again followed a logarithmic function, with lower estimates at nearer distances compared with other observers standing directly on the surface of the hill. At larger distances, slope estimates with and without increased eye height converged.
Differences in the Judged Direction of Gaze From Heads Imaged in 3-D versus 2-D
Authors: West Roger W.
Published: September 2015

Observers viewed a model imaged on an LCD monitor in 3-D or 2-D as she gazed at points along a horizontally oriented meter stick from a distance of 80 cm. Her head was either straight or turned 20° to the side, and for each head orientation, her gaze was straight, 10°, or 20° to the side, with her eyes individually open, both open, or both closed. For images in which both eyes were closed, the observers pointed along the same meter stick to where they judged her head to be pointed. When one or both eyes were open they judged where she appeared to be gazing. Gaze from the 2-D images agreed with previous studies. A comparison of the results from the 2-D versus 3-D images showed that the judgments were virtually identical for gaze from the straight versus turned head in all combinations of straight versus averted gaze, eyes individually open versus both open. The judgments were also virtually identical for head point. This suggests that 2-D studies that have used procedures similar to those described in this study may be applied to real world 3-D gaze perception.
Frogs Jump Forward: Semantic Knowledge Influences the Perception of Element Motion in the Ternus Display
Authors: Hsu Patty , T. Taylor J. Eric , Pratt Jay
Published: September 2015

The Ternus effect is a robust illusion of motion that produces element motion at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs; <50 ms) and group motion at longer ISIs (>50 ms). Previous research has shown that the nature of the stimuli (e.g., similarity, grouping), not just ISI, can influence the likelihood of perceiving element or group motion. We examined if semantic knowledge can also influence what type of illusory motion is perceived. In Experiment 1, we used a modified Ternus display with pictures of frogs in a jump-ready pose facing forwards or backwards to the direction of illusory motion. Participants perceived more element motion with the forward-facing frogs and more group motion with the backward-facing frogs. Experiment 2 tested whether this effect would still occur with line drawings of frogs, or if a more life-like image was necessary. Experiment 3 tested whether this effect was due to visual asymmetries inherent in the jumping pose. Experiment 4 tested whether frogs in a “non-jumping,” sedentary pose would replicate the original effect. These experiments elucidate the role of semantic knowledge in the Ternus effect. Prior knowledge of the movement of certain animate objects, in this case, frogs can also bias the perception of element or group motion.
Powering the world city system: energy industry networks and interurban connectivity
Authors: Martinus Kirsten , Tonts Matthew
Published: September 2015

The authors explore energy as an alternative but important landscape of globalisation, where spatial geometries of global power and control are defined by particular historic and contemporary geopolitical and territorial forces. From the application of a social network analysis to energy corporate locations, it is argued that network geographic, relational, and hierarchical perspectives are all critical in enhancing understandings of the world city network. Some similarities with advanced producer services networks are noted, as well as important differences which are shaped by a combination of resource production and consumption, and geopolitical and economic power relations. The outcome is a dynamic set of interlocking local, regional, and global city globalisations.
Structural and Perfusion Abnormalities of Brain on MRI and Technetium-99m-ECD SPECT in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Rana Kamer Singh , Narwal Varun , Chauhan Lokesh , Singh Giriraj , Sharma Monica , Chauhan Suneel
Published: September 2015

Cerebral palsy has traditionally been associated with hypoxic ischemic brain damage. This study was undertaken to demonstrate structural and perfusion brain abnormalities. Fifty-six children diagnosed clinically as having cerebral palsy were studied between 1 to 14 years of age and were subjected to 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain and Technetium-99m-ECD brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan. Male to female ratio was 1.8:1 with a mean age of 4.16 ± 2.274 years. Spastic cerebral palsy was the most common type, observed in 91%. Birth asphyxia was the most common etiology (69.6%). White matter changes (73.2%) such as periventricular leukomalacia and corpus callosal thinning were the most common findings on MRI. On SPECT all cases except one revealed perfusion impairments in different regions of brain. MRI is more sensitive in detecting white matter changes, whereas SPECT is better in detecting cortical and subcortical gray matter abnormalities of perfusion.
Justification and Indifference: Diverse Permissive Attitudes Toward Witnessed Violence Against the Elderly and Disabled
Authors: Radkiewicz Piotr , Korzeniowski Krzysztof
Published: September 2015

The violence against the elderly and disabled is widespread. This means that many people who witness acts of violence against elders and the disabled do not react. Instead, they are rather inclined to develop permissive attitudes. The presented article distinguishes two permissive attitudes toward witnessed violence against the elderly and disabled: justification and indifference. The rationale for such differentiation is justified with reference to differences concerning (a) the strength of their relationship, (b) their frequency distribution in the population, and (c) the disparate influence of the underlying predictors. A survey study carried out on a nationwide representative sample of 1,000 adult Poles was the empirical basis for answering research questions. The study showed that domestic violence against elders and the disabled is a noticeable phenomenon in the population of Poland. Around 50% of respondents claimed that they came in touch with physical, economic, or psychological violence against the elderly. More than 30% reported the same in the case of disabled persons. Based on this study, it was found that justification of and indifference to violence were actually unrelated phenomena. Moreover, justification was much less widespread in the population than indifference. It seems easier to accept excuses for passivity in the face of violence than to find justifications for violence. Both permissive attitudes turned out to have a disparate pattern of predictors: Justification turned out to be mainly a function of environmental exposure to violence, whereas indifference was mainly a matter of worldview based on materialism and the imperative of self-interest.
Research on shredding process and characteristics of multi-material plates for recycled cars
Authors: Zhou Xianyan , Hu Zhili , Xiao Xiang , Li Mingbo
Published: September 2015

To cope with the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution caused by the large number of retired cars, the energy efficiency of shredding recycled car bodies urgently needs to be improved. Before shredding, recycled car bodies are always cut into shaped metal plates and piled in several sheets like sandwich plates. Currently, the lightweight design philosophy has driven the widespread application of multi-materials in car bodies. In this study, the finite element and experimental methods are used to analyse the shredding process of multi-material plates from recycled car bodies in order to determine the characteristics of plates with different thicknesses and materials. The results showed that the shredding efficiency of steel laminates with less than three sheets is quite low although the efficiency can be raised by increasing the thickness. The shredding energy efficiency is higher for Al alloy laminates than for steels. The shredding energy efficiency can be improved by raising the strength of the shredding material. The results of this study proved that the shredding energy consumption can be reduced by shredding the different materials of the multi-material boards separately.
Mechanical properties of a hierarchical honeycomb with sandwich walls
Authors: Yi Ting
Published: September 2015

The in-plane compressive collapse and fracture toughness of a hierarchical hexagonal honeycomb with sandwich walls consisting of corrugated cores are studied by using finite element method. Its near-optimal configuration is identified by maximizing its elastic limit, which is determined by three competing failure modes including plastic yielding of the larger struts, or elastic wrinkling of the face sheets of the larger struts, or elastic buckling of the smaller struts. The overall mechanical properties of the optimal hierarchical honeycomb, including the Young’s modulus, elastic limit, peak strength, and fracture toughness are obtained from finite element method simulation and compared with analytical predictions, and the discrepancy between the two is explained. The optimal hierarchical honeycomb is found to be superior to its equivalent mass first-order honeycomb in all the mechanical properties listed above when the relative density is low (about 10%). Moreover, the Young’s modulus, elastic limit and peak strength under plastic failure mode, and the fracture toughness of this optimal hierarchical honeycomb are shown to depend linearly upon its relative density. This paper provides additional insights into hierarchical cellular materials.
Prooxidant activity of norbixin in model of acute gastric ulcer induced by ethanol in rats
Authors: Rovani BT , de Freitas RB , Augusti PR , Araldi IC , Somacal S , Quatrin A , Emanuelli T , da Rocha MP , Bauermann L de Freitas
Published: September 2015

Free radicals and oxidative stress play a central role in gastric injuries caused by ethanol (EtOH). Antioxidant strategies to counteract EtOH toxicity are highly desirable. Norbixin (NBIX) is a carotenoid with antioxidant potential largely used in the food industry. This study evaluated the NBIX effects in a model of gastric ulcer induced by EtOH in rats. Male Wistar rats received NBIX doses of 0, 10, and 25 mg/kg by gavage 1 h after EtOH administration (0 or 75% solution, 1 mL/200 g of animal). The animals were euthanized 1 h after the NBIX administration, and their stomachs were removed for macroscopic and histopathological analyses, quantification of nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) groups, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, and catalase (CAT) activity determination. NBIX increased LPO in gastric mucosa and caused CAT inhibition and NPSH depletion in EtOH-treated animals. Results showed that NBIX did not protect gastric tissue against EtOH damage, and this could be associated to a prooxidant effect.
Single test isolated lupus anticoagulant positivity is associated with increased plasma levels of inflammatory markers and dyslipidemia
Authors: Just Søren Andreas , Nybo Mads , Laustrup Helle , Hansen Inger Marie Jensen , Junker Peter , Vinholt Pernille Just
Published: September 2015

Objective

To investigate whether a single positive test for lupus anticoagulant (LA) is associated with levels of inflammatory markers and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, independent of autoimmune disease, thrombophilia and occurrence of other antiphospholipid antibodies.

Methods

In a retrospective observational study we included persons referred for thrombophilia testing during 2011−2014. Persons with autoimmune disease, thrombophilia or presence of specific anti-phospholipid antibodies were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and sex was performed and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) calculated.

Results

Of 381 individuals tested, 271 fulfilled the criteria, of whom 22 (8%) were LA positive and 249 (92%) LA negative. LA positivity was associated with higher body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.23, p = 0.01); C-reactive protein (OR 1.08 95% CI:1.04–1.11, p < 0.001); fibrinogen (OR 1.51 95% CI: 1.27–1.78, p < 0.001); coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) (OR 1.73 95% CI: 1.01–2.96, p = 0.046), low high density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 0.03 95% CI: 0.00–0.19, p < 0.001) and high triglyceride (OR 1.81 95% CI: 1.12–2.92, p = 0.02) compared with LA negative individuals.

Conclusion

This study shows that single test isolated LA positivity is associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers, low HDL cholesterol, elevated triglyceride and high BMI.
‘Stuck in the middle’: Waiting and uncertainty in immigration detention
Authors: Turnbull Sarah
Published: September 2015

A defining feature of immigration detention in the United Kingdom is its indeterminacy; that is, there are no statutory constraints on the length of time an individual can be detained. As such, detention is uncertain and unpredictable; it may last a few hours or a few days, or weeks, months, and even years. Consequently, the lived experience of detention is one of waiting: waiting to know both when and how detention will end (i.e. release to the community or expulsion from the country). The denial of liberty and the conditions of confinement present additional challenges for detainees, as they must contend with significant limits to their agency as they await the decisions of a variety of other actors. Waiting has been conceptualised as an exercise of power, one that manipulates others’ time. Although it is a common human experience, for immigration detainees, the lived experience of waiting in the uncertain and unpredictable context of detention is especially challenging. Passing time in immigration detention raises important questions about affect, identity, agency, and resistance within this unique quasi-penal space. This paper draws on ethnographic fieldwork, including 89 semi-structured interviews with detainees, carried out in four immigration removal centres in the UK to explore the lived experiences of waiting. The analysis demonstrates the relevancy of time and agency in immigration detention.
Double-trouble: Negotiating gender and sexuality in post-colonial women’s rugby in Fiji
Authors: Kanemasu Yoko , Molnar Gyozo
Published: September 2015

Although women’s exclusion in sport has attracted significant attention in the western context, similar issues in relation to post-colonial societies have remained in the margins of the sociology of sport. By analysing primary, interview-based evidence, in this article we explore the challenges female rugby players face regarding gender and sexuality in Fiji: a male dominated post-colonial society. In particular, we focus on participants’ resistance to dominant cultural practices and ways in which they (re)negotiate gender norms and sexuality in a double-bind struggle against both traditional and sporting male hegemonies. We argue that the case of Fijian women rugby players illustrates an interplay between a multiplicity of power relations in sport in a post-colonial society and the resilience with which the athletes negotiate and respond to them, as well as the dynamic nature and the transformative potential of their everyday practices.
The Role of Physical Therapists Within Hospice and Palliative Care in the United States and Canada
Authors: Wilson Christopher M. , Stiller Christine H. , Doherty Deborah J. , Thompson Kristine A.
Published: September 2015

Purpose:

Little is known regarding the extent to which physical therapy is integrated into Hospice and Palliative Care (HPC). The purpose of this study was to describe perceptions of physical therapists (PTs) regarding their role within HPC or working with patients having life-threatening illnesses and to develop a conceptual framework depicting a PTs role within HPC and factors affecting it.

Participants:

Ten PTs, 5 from the United States and 5 from Canada, with at least 5 years of physical therapy experience and 5 years working experience with patients having life-threatening illnesses or in HPC.

Methods:

Demographic data were collected by electronic questionnaire. A semistructured interview was conducted with each participant to investigate their perceptions about the role of PTs in HPC.

Data Analysis:

Interview results were analyzed for trends between participants, practice settings, regions, and other sociocultural aspects. The constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis was used to identify similarities and differences and to develop themes and concepts relative to the role of PT in HPC.

Results:

Participants identified their 3 primary roles in HPC: providing patient/family care, serving as an interdisciplinary team member, and fulfilling professional responsibilities outside of direct patient care. They described factors within and outside direct patient care which influenced their roles. Concepts included shifting priorities, care across the continuum, and changing perceptions of PTs within HPC.

Clinical Relevance:

This study described perceptions of the role of PTs within HPC that may be utilized when coordinating future strategies to appropriately promote and expand the role.
The forced vibration of the system consisting of an elastic plate, compressible viscous fluid and rigid wall
Authors: Akbarov Surkay D , Ismailov Meftun I
Published: September 2015

The forced vibration of the system consisting of a pre-stressed elastic plate, barotropic compressible Newtonian viscous fluid and rigid wall is considered. The space between the plate and rigid wall is filled by the fluid. It is assumed that the forced vibration is caused by the lineally-located time-harmonic force acting on the free face plane of the plate. The motion of the plate is written by utilizing the exact equations of elastodynamics, but the motion of the compressible viscous fluid is described by the linearized Navier-Stokes equations. Moreover, it is assumed that the velocities and stresses of the constituents are continuous on the contact plane between the plate and fluid, and that the impermeability conditions on the rigid wall are satisfied. The dimensionless parameters which characterize the compressibility and viscosity of the fluid as well as the elasticity constants of the plate are introduced. Plane strain state in the plate and two-dimensional plane flow of the fluid are considered. Numerical results on the interface normal stress and velocities are presented. The influence of the problem parameters is also discussed, including the fluid viscosity and compressibility, thickness of the plate and fluid depth as well as the excitation frequency. In this discussion the focus is on the influence of the fluid depth on the studied quantities. This is the parameter through which the main difference arises between the present and previous works by the authors.
“Police Wouldn’t Give You No Help”
Authors: Carbone-Lopez Kristin , Slocum Lee Ann , Kruttschnitt Candace
Published: September 2015

Sexual assault remains one of the most underreported violent crimes. When victims report, they often are dissatisfied with the police response. The factors influencing one’s decision to invoke the law have been widely examined. However, less research examines (a) how the victim’s criminality affects this decision and (b) women offenders’ characterization of their reporting decisions. We use mixed methods to explore the factors related to an offender’s decision to report sexual victimization to police and consider their descriptions of police response when they do report the crime. Our findings provide insight into the gendered relations between offenders and police.
The Evental City
Authors: Pløger John
Published: September 2015

Events are part of everyday life and cities, and cities’ experience economy. Affect and emotions—real or imagined, collective or subjective, lived or dreamed—are crucial issues to events, including being insecure on what one experiences is part of the attraction of events. Events are most often seen as situated encounters in planned spaces, where the mode of social exchange is significant to people’s experience (both as Erlebnis and Erfahrung) and identification with place. Emphasizing the eventness or eventful experiences of city life highlight the importance of forces of moments and situations as presence forces. Experiencing events happens in between sense–body–mind effects. Presence is a wirkungs-kraft. This article discusses presence effects exploring some “types” of urban experiences—presence-culture, presence-meaning, present-presence—using street art, everyday experiences, and community art events as examples. It is an exploration inspired by Hans Ulrich Gumbrect’s writings on presence and Michel Foucault on event and eventalization.
Attending to “culture in the small”: A narrative analysis of the role of play, thought and music in young children’s world-making
Authors: Barrett Margaret S.
Published: September 2015

Whilst the role of interactive play, thought and language in children’s development has been acknowledged, less is known of the role of interactive play, thought and music. Children’s early music-making is both generative and performative in nature and provides a means by which they engage with self and others. Their independent music-making arises from the infant’s early interactions with carers in a form of “communicative musicality”. Children’s interactive musical engagement may be viewed as foundational in their identity work both as music-makers (identity in music) and as users of music (music in identity), and provides a means for them to trial different ways of being in the world. This article explores the uses of music for a 2-year-old girl and the ways in which she employs music as a resource in her identity work and world-making to narrate a self in and through music.
State-building, market regulation and citizenship in South Africa
Authors: Seekings Jeremy
Published: September 2015

Public policy in post-apartheid South Africa has been characterized by a mix of state regulation and ‘neo-liberalism’. This article argues that this mix is rooted in the model of economic modernity adopted in South Africa in the 1920s and 1930s, and underpinned by the institutions of a modern state. In an economy transformed by mining and subsequent secondary industrialization, the state played a central role in facilitating capitalist growth, including through the regulation of labour. I argue that, contrary to the conventional understanding, the enduring characteristic of the political economy of modernization in South Africa was not so much the mobilization of cheap African labour, mostly migrants from across Southern Africa, but was rather the institutionalization of high wages and protected incomes for economic, social and political insiders. Anglo-centric institutions and conceptions of industrial and social citizenship were adapted to the colonial context in South Africa. The imperatives of both gold-led capitalist industrialization and the governance of a society in which the settler or immigrant population remained a minority required that the African population was excluded from most dimensions of this citizenship. But the institutions, discourses and ideologies associated with high wages (for citizens) continued to structure economic life in South Africa through and after the apartheid period. South Africa’s mode of economic modernization thus reflects the possibly unique interaction of a British model of economic modernization with the social, economic and political realities of a colonial society.
Colon cancer trends in Norway and Denmark by socio-economic group: A cohort study
Authors: Lynge Elsebeth , Martinsen Jan Ivar , Larsen Inger Kristin , Kjærheim Kristina
Published: September 2015

Aims: Norway has experienced an unprecedented rapid and so far unexplained increase in colon cancer incidence. Norwegian rates passed Danish rates for men in 1985 and for women in 1990. This study aimed to unravel clues to the development in colon cancer incidence by investigating changes over time in incidence by socio-economic group. Methods: Persons participating in the 1970 censuses in Norway and Denmark were aged 55–75 years in 1971–1980 (called pre-crossing period) and in 1991–2000 (called post-crossing period), respectively. Country, sex, age and socio-economic group-specific colon cancer incidence rates. Percent change in the average rate from the pre- to the post-crossing period. Results: In the pre-crossing period, Norwegian male managers/administrators had the highest colon cancer incidence, but the largest increase in incidence from the pre-to the post-crossing period was seen for unskilled workers, skilled workers and farmers. The rate for unskilled workers almost doubled and in the post-crossing period this rate had bypassed that of managers/administrators. A similar development was seen for Norwegian women and was less dramatic in Denmark. Conclusions: The change in the risk of manual workers has been the driving force behind the dramatic increase in the Norwegian incidence of colon cancer. This development resulted in a reversal of the socio-economic gradient from the classic European pattern with the highest incidence in the upper socio-economic groups to an American pattern with the highest incidence in the lower socio-economic groups. This ‘Americanization’ of the disease pattern followed the rapid growth in the Norwegian gross domestic product.
Novel Use of Synthetic Acellular Dermal Matrix for Coverage of a Tibial Defect Following Resection of an Osteochondroma
Authors: Shamian Ben , Hinds Richard M. , Capo John T.
Published: September 2015

The application of an artificial dermal matrix (Integra Life Sciences, Plainsboro, NJ) in the management of substantial burn injuries has been extensively documented. Use of an artificial dermal matrix has resulted in excellent outcomes and is free of the morbidity associated with harvesting free-tissue flaps. However, coverage of bony defects where the periosteum has been removed is often challenging. In the current report, we present a case wherein the use of an acellular synthetic dermis combined with split-thickness skin grafting resulted in successful coverage of a tibial defect following resection of an osteochondroma.
Do Our Friends and Relatives Help Us Better Assess Our Health? Examining the Role of Social Networks in the Correspondence Between Self-Rated Health and Having Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Sabatier Laure , Moore Spencer
Published: September 2015

If individuals believe they are healthier than they actually are, they may feel less compelled to improve their health. This study aims to examine the importance of a person’s connections in the correspondence between a person’s self-reported health (SRH) and having metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants of the Kingston Senior Women’s Study ( n = 100, 65 years of age and older) completed a questionnaire on their social background, psychosocial conditions, health behaviors, and health. Participants also provided physiological measures and medical information. Health overestimation was defined as reporting high SRH yet being diagnosed with MetS. Logistic regression was used to examine whether a person’s social networks increased the odds of health overestimation. About a third reported a high SRH and had MetS (36%), that is, overestimated their health. Participants had more than four social network ties on average, with a maximum of six reported ties. When control variables were accounted for, participants with larger network size had lower odds of health overestimation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.26, 0.80]). Women with larger social networks may have greater access to information about their own health, leading possibly to more accurate assessments. Such information may be conveyed via feedback from ties or via a more representative perception of what constitutes good health when self-assessing one’s health.
Rethinking Organizational Decoupling
Authors: Harrison Jill Ann , Lopez Steven H. , Martin Andrew W.
Published: September 2015

Neoinstitutionalists have long recognized that organizations must negotiate complex organizational fields to survive. Yet, this ever-sharpening focus on external environments comes at the expense of attending to how micro-level dynamics facilitate or inhibit organizational survival. In this article, and building on insights from research focusing on shop-floor contestation, we reexamine decoupling—that is, possible divergence of formal procedures and everyday practices—and draw on our own case study work on the United Steelworkers. Our analyses show that reforms directed toward restructuring the Steelworker’s organizing program were thwarted by organizational members with a stake in the old order that no longer serves the union’s long-term organizational interest. This offers some needed correctives and insights, namely, that (1) decoupling may be maladaptive and (2) that it should be understood as a contingent outcome of local power struggles over work within organizations as they respond to changing institutional fields. These conclusions have clear implications not only for the study of labor unions but also for a more general understanding of how situated organizational actors respond to structural shifts in historically constituted institutional fields.
Individual Claims-making in the Terri Schiavo Case
Authors: Rohlinger Deana A. , Vaccaro Christian , Naiman-Sessions Miriam , Mauney Heather
Published: September 2015

This article uses unique data to explore individual claims-making on the Terri Schiavo case. We analyze 2,509 e-mails sent to Jeb Bush and 1,182 newspaper stories about the Schiavo case to assess how mass media, claims-makers, and individual experience affect the frames and identities used to support or oppose intervention on Terri’s behalf. We find that the frames individuals use vary according to whether they support Bush’s involvement in the case. In addition, we find that the frames individuals use in their claims-making do not always mirror those discussed in mass media. Specifically, the frequency with which e-mailers discuss particular ideas varies according to the engagement of claims-makers on the issue as well as the complexity of the frame. Finally, we find that some individuals do deploy identities strategically in their e-mails. Opponents of intervention, for instance, use their political identities as Republicans to urge Bush to stay out of the case. Not all identity deployment, however, corresponds with support or opposition to Bush’s involvement on the Schiavo case. Individuals use their familial and religious identities to both support and oppose intervention. We conclude with a discussion of the relevance of these findings for understanding claims-making in the twenty-first century.
Functional behaviour of TiO2 films doped with noble metals
Authors: Rodrigues M. S. , Borges J. , Gabor C. , Munteanu D. , Apreutesei M. , Steyer P. , Lopes C. , Pedrosa P. , Alves E. , Barradas N. P. , Cunha L. , Martínez-Martínez D. , Vaz F.
Published: September 2015

To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of noble metal in a TiO2 matrix, different films of both Ag/TiO2 and Au/TiO2 systems were prepared. Mechanical and tribological characterisation was carried out to evaluate the coating response as a function of the noble metal composition and (micro)structure of the films. The overall set of results indicates that the amorphous films reveal better results than the crystalline ones. For the amorphous samples, the reduced Young's modulus and the adhesion critical loads followed similar tendencies in both sets of films. Wear rates were similar for all samples except for the one with the highest silver content. To improve brittleness of TiO2 films, the results seem to indicate that a slight metal doping is preferred, and Au proved to be a better choice than Ag. In fact, the sample with the lowest Au content revealed a better mechanical behaviour than the pure TiO2 film.
Mechanism of quinine-dependent monoclonal antibody binding to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa
Authors: Bougie Daniel W. , Peterson Julie , Rasmussen Mark , Aster Richard H.
Published: September 2015

Key Points

Drug-induced modulation of antibody specificity appears to explain the binding of drug-dependent mAbs to αIIb/β3 integrin. Drug-dependent platelet antibodies differ greatly from classic hapten-specific antibodies and may be induced by a quite different mechanism.
Trade union membership and paid vacation in Germany
Authors: Goerke Laszlo , Jeworrek Sabrina , Pannenberg Markus
Published: September 2015

In Germany, dependent employees take almost 30 days of paid vacation annually. We enquire whether an individual’s trade union membership affects the duration of vacation. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) for the period 1985 to 2010 and employing pooled OLS-estimators, we find that being a union member goes along with almost one additional day of vacation per year. Estimations exploiting the panel structure of our data suggest that a smaller part of this vacation differential can be due to the union membership status, while self-selection effects play a more important role.
Borderline personality disorder: patterns of self-harm, reported childhood trauma and clinical outcome
Authors: McFetridge Mark Andrew , Milner Rebecca , Gavin Victoria , Levita Liat
Published: September 2015

Consecutive admissions of 214 women with borderline personality disorder were investigated for patterns of specific forms of self-harm and reported developmental experiences. Systematic examination of clinical notes found that 75% had previously reported a history of childhood sexual abuse. These women were more likely to self-harm, and in specific ways that may reflect their past experiences. Despite this, treatment within a dialectical behaviour therapy-informed therapeutic community leads to relatively greater clinical gains than for those without a reported sexual abuse trauma history. Notably, greater behavioural and self-reported distress and dissociation were not found to predict poor clinical outcome.
Unpacking externalising problems: negative parenting associations for conduct problems and irritability
Authors: Oliver Bonamy R.
Published: September 2015

Background

Reciprocal associations between negative parenting and child externalising problems are well documented, but measures commonly include child irritability, masking potential distinct associations for irritability and conduct problems.

Aims

To illuminate links between negative parenting, child conduct problems and irritability over time.

Method

A cross-lagged monozygotic (MZ) twin differences design was used in a UK sample (3154 twin pairs) at 4, 7 and 9 years.

Results

Within-pair MZ differences in negative parenting were found to relate longitudinally to differences in conduct problems and irritability. Of note, negative parenting at age 7 was found to relate particularly to increased irritability at 9 years.

Conclusions

Once genetics are taken into account, irritability in middle childhood may be particularly vulnerable to negative parenting, suggesting support for its malleability to parent-based intervention.
Unrecognised psychopathology in patients with difficult asthma: major mental and personality disorders
Authors: Prins Lonneke C.J. , van Son Maarten J.M. , van Keimpema Anton R.J. , Meijer Jan-Willem G. , Bühring Martina E.F. , Pop Victor J.M.
Published: September 2015

Background

Difficult asthma is a severe subgroup of asthma in which the main feature is uncontrollability of symptoms. Psychopathology is suggested to be prominent in patients with difficult asthma and considered important in its treatment; however, the evidence is scarce.

Aims

To describe psychopathology in difficult asthma, both major mental and personality disorders, based on diagnostic interviews.

Method

This study was conducted in a specialised asthma care centre. A total of 51 patients with difficult asthma were diagnosed at the start of the treatment programme using two structured clinical interviews for both major mental (SCID-I) and personality disorders (SCID-II) according to DSM-IV-TR.

Results

About 55% of the patients with difficult asthma had a psychiatric disorder of which 89% was undiagnosed and untreated before being interviewed. About 49% had a minimum of one major mental disorder of which the cluster of anxiety disorders was the most common cluster of major mental disorders, followed by somatoform disorders. About 20% were diagnosed with a personality disorder. Of the 10 patients with a personality disorder, 9 had an obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that more than half of patients with difficult asthma had a psychiatric disorder of which 89% was unrecognised. This study highlights the importance of offering patients with difficult asthma a psychiatric diagnostic interview and/or a psychiatric consultation as part of their routine medical examination and provision of appropriate psychiatric treatment. Moreover, it highlights the urgency of further research into the role of psychopathology in the development of difficult asthma.