bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solving mathematical word problems using dynamic assessment for scaffolding construction
Authors: Nur Andi Saparuddin , Kartono Kartono , Zaenuri Zaenuri , Rochmad Rochmad
Published: July 2022

Students need the ability to solve word problems can connect mathematics with the context of everyday life. However, students experience many difficulties and need assistance in the form of scaffolding can to solve word problems well. Dynamic assessment is an alternative approach to constructing the form of scaffolding that student need to solve mathematical word problems. This study aimed to analyze the students' difficulties in solving word problems and the required form of scaffolding through dynamic assessment. The subjects of this study consisted of 177 students spread across 10 public junior high schools in Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. There was a four-word problem tested and analyzed using dynamic assessment. Student solutions were grouped based on the type and form of scaffolding needed: level 5 (no solution), level 4 (without analysis/unrepresentative), level 3 (computational error), level 2 (incomplete procedure), level 1 (lack of thoroughness in the final stage). The form of scaffolding is constructed to help students solve mathematical word problems step by step at each level. The use of scaffolding accompanied by instructions helps students develop word problem-solving skills. Dynamic assessment can be considered to be integrated with the mathematics learning process that supports scaffolding construction to solve students' word problems.
The development of community learning center ‘Bue Ban’ in driving the smart city policy in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Authors: Thongdee Vitthaya , Promgun Suraphon , Sawadtha Suthipong , Namsithan Somkhoun , Thubphumee Phanthiwa , Ruangsan Niraj
Published: July 2022

This research studied the contextual conditions of Khon Kaen Urban Community for developing the community learning center (CLC) as a part of smart city development. It also aimed to develop ‘Bue Ban’ CLC model based on the public participation and digital advancement. This study was carried out employing the qualitative and operational research method with its tools as an in-depth interview, academic seminar, and fieldwork. The data were obtained from 66 participants, chosen by purposive sampling, and were interpreted by descriptive content analysis. From the study, the models of Bue Ban development and knowledge management, identity, development, publication, utilization or ‘KID-PU’ have been used to develop CLC as a part of smart city development.
The influence of virtual instructional leadership on teachers’ commitment: A Malaysian e-leadership case study
Authors: Awang Hapini , Yusof Mat Rahimi , Yaakob Mohd Faiz Mohd , Jafar Mohd Fairuz , Mustapha Ramlan , Subramaniam Kalipakiam
Published: July 2022

The ability of instructional leadership practices in shaping positive school culture is well known. Similarly, it is also proven that this kind of school leadership could strengthen teachers’ commitment. However, the research tended to focus on conventional instructional leadership and the ability of virtual instructional leadership to produce such impact remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of virtual instructional leadership on teachers’ commitment. Based on Meyer and Allen’s Organizational Commitment Model the research model developed and analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The finding revealed a positive impact of principals’ virtual instructional leadership practices towards teachers’ commitment in schools. Despite this, the study also discovered that normative and continuous commitments are not the fit dimensions for teacher’s commitments in the context of virtual instructional leadership, which is quite shocking. Hence, this would be a fruitful area for further works.
The influence of smart mother classes toward stress, childbirth self-efficacy and birth outcomes
Authors: Runjati Runjati , Rahayu Sri , Octaviani Dhita Aulia
Published: July 2022

Coping efforts during pregnancy are significant in influencing better pregnancy and birth outcomes. This study aimed to prove the influence of smart mother classes (SMC) on stress, childbirth self-efficacy (CBSE), and birth outcomes. This research used an experimental design, pre and post-test control group design. The population was all pregnant women at 28-35 weeks of pregnancy in Semarang City, Indonesia. The sample was chosen by cluster random sampling, where 35 health centers in 12 regions were randomized as six regions (n=60) as intervention group (antenatal class and coping skill as smart mother classes) while the other six regions (n=60) as the control group (antenatal class only). Each region runs one class with 10 pregnant women. The groups were treated four times in four weeks. The measurement was before the treatment, fourth week, and at birth. This study used repeated-measures ANOVA. The results showed that the SMC was influenced significantly in reducing stress (p=0.012), and increasing CBSE but not statistically significant (p>0.05). The SMC also had a significant impact on the outcomes of birth (p<0.05), except the time of the first stage of labor (p>0.05). The study suggested a need for the provision of continuity and holistic midwifery care.
Risk factors of quality of life among tuberculosis patients
Authors: Sofiana Liena , Ayu Suci Musvita , Wardani Yuniar , Puspaningrum Evelyn , Hadianti Dinda Dwi
Published: July 2022

Indonesia has the world's third highest tuberculosis (TB) burden. As a result, Indonesia continues to face TB control issues, accounting for 8% of all tuberculosis cases worldwide. The case results were made in 2018 and discovered 1,016 persons with positive smear as many as 436 TB illness can have an influence on patients' quality of life. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors of TB patients' quality of life in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research is a cross-sectional analytic observational study. Respondents were the 2nd trimester tuberculosis patients who were still receiving treatment at all Puskesmas in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia in 2020. Purposive sampling was used during the sample process. The WHO quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to assess quality of life, while the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used to assess knowledge, self-efficacy, family support, and medication adherence. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Self-efficacy (sig=0.013; RP=2.295) and medication adherence (sig=0.014; RP=8.333) were linked to TB patients' quality of life. Knowledge (sig=0.384; RP=0.709) and family support (sig=0.227; RP=0.419) were not connected to TB patients' quality of life. In the Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region, self-efficacy and medication adherence are risk factors for quality of life among TB patients.
Translation and adaptation of child and adolescent mindfulness measurement into Bahasa version
Authors: Saragih Sarah Aurelia , Abidin Fitri Ariyanti
Published: July 2022

The child and adolescent mindfulness measurement (CAMM) is a self-report instrument assessing the ability of mindfulness in adolescents. This assessment is widely used in measuring the effectiveness of mindfulness intervention in children and adolescents. This study aimed to validate the translated Bahasa version of the CAMM. We used international test commission (ITC) guidelines with six steps in the adaptation process. After forward-backward transltion procedure, the participants were 207 adolescents aged 10-17 years (M=15, 00, SD=1.890; girls=130, boys=77). Internal consistency and factor analysis are used to measure the reliability and validity. Investigation of internal consistency Cronbach Coefficient Alpha yielded satisfactory results (.767). Results from confirmatory factor analysis supported the original one-factor model with 2(df=34, p=.088), goodness of fit index (GFI)=.985, comparative fit index (CFI)=.974.). In sum, the Bahasa version of the CAMM can be successfully used for assessment and evaluation of the effect of mindfulness intervention in the Bahasa adolescents' population.
Modified brief counseling-5A, motivational SMS on medication-taking behavior and compliance among diabetic patients
Authors: Saputri Ginanjar Zukhruf , Sari Okta Mutia , Akrom Akrom
Published: July 2022

Knowledge of diabetes mellitus (DM) management can improve adherence in medication-taking behavior. Counseling by pharmacists is believed to contribute to its better acquisition. Nevertheless, many counseling and reminder media are still currently developed. This study aimed to identify the effects of brief counseling-5A modification and a motivational reminder through short message services (SMS), designed with a religious approach, on medication-taking behavior and adherence among DM outpatients at Jetis 1 Community Health Center, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest control group design. Data were collected prospectively from May to August, 2018. There were 72 patients who met the inclusion criteria divided evenly into two groups, the treatment group and the control group. The data collected by interviews using questionnaires on medication-taking behavior and the medication adherence rating scale (MARS) and were statistically assessed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that brief counseling-5A, combined with religious motivational SMS, raised the stage of behavior change in DM patients. There were increases (Δ) in medication-taking behavior by 2.76±1.59 and patient compliance by 3.44±3.45. In conclusion, brief counseling-5A by pharmacists and motivational text reminders can improve the medication-taking behavior and compliance of DM patients with the therapy.
Strategy for accelerating stunting prevention through religious approach to generate qualified generation
Authors: Noviansyah Noviansyah , Romli Khomsahrial , Mukmin Hasan , Wijayanto Reihana
Published: July 2022

Stunting threatens qualified generation presence and greatly affects the success of a nation's development. The government has used many approaches to reduce the stunting except religious approach whereas in Indonesia as the majority Muslim country, many Indonesians are prone to follow religious leaders rather than a government official. The study obtained a strategy for accelerating stunting prevention through a religious approach. This analytic research used a qualitative approach with case study design. The participants in this research were 62 people namely advocacy, social support, and empowerment target in stunting prevention. The result showed that community empowerment in accelerating stunting prevention has not been optimally implemented. Even social support is adequate but Islamic religious counselors did not receive adequate information about stunting, so they did not optimally convey it back to the community. The policy for accelerating stunting prevention is adequate at the central, provincial, and district levels, however, the policies on religious approaches were limited. Strategy for accelerating stunting prevention through religious approach by using appropriate communication methods and channels such as pre-wedding counseling, Islamic study assemblies, and Friday sermons. Message structure or communication material on stunting prevention should become national policy.
Psychological well-being impacts among university students on online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shafrin Ahmad Nor , Ismail Aziah , Husain Zuhda
Published: July 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, universities in Malaysia implemented online learning. This long-time remote learning is very challenging to some university students. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of psychological well-being on depression, anxiety, and stress of university students on online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The quantitative data were collected from 325 students from a university in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The survey was conducted online through Google Forms. Two instruments used were Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the psychological well-being scale (PWBS-8). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods. The study found that 34.9% of the students were depressed, 60.9% anxious, and 32% stressed. The study found that 23% of the variability in psychological well-being (PWB) affected university students’ depression, anxiety, and stress. This finding demonstrates the magnitude of burden that university students now bear during online learning. Therefore, higher education institutions can play a fundamental role in assisting students to cope with their depression, anxiety, and stress. Authorities should also prioritize determining appropriate student facilities and resources. Structured programmes for distress reduction and blended learning are suggested for use in teaching and learning.
Factors affecting the death toll of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): evidence from 166 countries
Authors: Legese Habtamu , Kumlachew Mekonnen
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the factors that affect the death toll of the COVID-19 on a global scale. A cross-sectional research design has been employed to realize the stated objective. This study employed secondary data (Cross-sectional data) collected for 166 different countries and used both descriptive statistics and regression analysis to analyze the collected data and to address the predefined objective. The ordinary list square (OLS) regression result depicted that temperature has a negative and statistically significant effect on the death toll of COVID-19. On the other hand, the population size and the total number of cases have a positive and statistically significant effect on the death toll of COVID-19. Likewise, the geographical region has a statistically significant effect on the death toll of COVID-19. Based on the findings, this study concludes that temperature variation, regional difference, and population size have a significant effect on the death toll of COCID 19 and shall be considered by governments and policymakers to tackle COVID-19 mortality.
Are Indonesian new pictorial health warnings more effective than the old ones?
Authors: Swatan Jovian Philip , Alkaff Firas Farisi , Sukmajaya William Putera , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati , Karimah Azimatul
Published: July 2022

Smoking remains as a nation-wide health problem in Indonesia. Several measures had been conducted to motivate smoking cessation, among those is the use of pictorial health warnings (PHWs). PHWs have been implemented since 2014, and some of the pictures were revised in 2018. However, there was no evaluation regarding the effectivity to this date. This study compared the effectivity of the old and new versions of PHWs in promoting smoking cessation. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in one of the sub-districts in East Java, Indonesia, in February 2020. Study population were local villagers aged at least 18 years who visited the sub-district’s primary healthcare during the study period. Consecutive sampling was used as the sampling method. Respondents were interviewed using a pre-determined questionnaire. The old and new versions of PHWs were printed and showed to the respondent during the interview. Comparison between groups was analyzed using McNemar test. A total of 103 respondents participated in this study. More respondents agreed that the old version of PHWs was considered more effective to motivate smoking cessation as compared to the newer version (71.84% vs 64.08%), although the significance was marginal (p=0.077). Our study showed that both versions of PHWs were considered effective to promote smoking cessation. However, more respondents agreed that the old version of PHWs were more effective than the new PHWs. We recommend policymaker to conduct a field study to test the effectivity of the proposed PHWs before revising the legal regulation in the future.
Hormonal contraceptive use related to breast cancer among women in Indonesia: a nationwide study
Authors: Solikhah Solikhah , Sangruangake Monthida , Matahari Ratu , Rahmadhani Wulan , Ruliyandari Rochana
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer remains a global problem, including Indonesia. However, research findings regarding the influence of hormonal contraceptive use on breast cancer have not been conclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether there was any association between hormonal contraception use and breast cancer among women in Indonesia. We assessed 3,517 participants who participated in this study conducted through the Indonesian Family Life Survey wave five during 2014-2015. A logistic regression model was performed to analyse data. The precentage of breast cancer cases in this study was 0.34%, with a total of 1,574 respondents (44.75%) having used hormonal contraceptive for more than five years. After controlling for confounders, the hormonal contraceptive use had significantly lower to have breast cancer incidence (ORadj=0.10; 95% CI=0.03-0.40; p<0.05) compared to women using non-hormonal contraceptive, while the long-term hormonal contraception use (more than five years) did not affect breast cancer incidence. Hormonal contraceptive use was associated with breast cancer; however, the evidence from our findings indicated that the magnitude of the risk was small.
The consumption of Indonesian local food and its relationship with body mass index among female university students
Authors: Ulfah Nurnaningsih Herya , Wongsasuluk Pokkate
Published: July 2022

The study aimed to determine trend of Indonesian local food consumption and its association with body mass index (BMI) among female university students. It was cross-sectional study that involved 217 Indonesian female university students (18-25 years old) in April-May 2021 using conventional sampling by a self-administered online questionnaire in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. Sociodemographic and dietary habits were collected along with body BMI data. Descriptive and Ordinal Logistic Regression were applied to analyze the data. The results showed the average BMI of 217 participants was 21.28+3.30 kg/m2. From 167 local Indonesian food that were identified, local cuisine with high carbohydrates and sugar such as fried noodles, meatballs, mixed vegetable soup, biscuits/pastry, fritters with topping, and iced milk tea with topping had a positive impact on overnutrition. Interestingly, chicken porridge had an inverse association with overnutrition. The ordinal regression results depicted the length of stay in study area had a significant association with BMI. However, meal frequency and snack time consumption also affected BMI. The preferred high-carbohydrate food is significantly associated with overnutrition (p<0.05). It is crucial to adjust nutritional education and people's food menu in reducing high-carbohydrate and sugar food to provide healthy food for university students.
Santuário de São Sebastião: arquitetura sacra neocolonial em Porto Ferreira (SP)
Authors: Carvalho Beatriz Fernanda , Benincasa Vladimir
Published: July 2022

Analisa elementos artísticos e arquitetônicos da Matriz de São Sebastião, Porto Ferreira (SP), tentando elucidar seu significado enquanto patrimônio cultural no contexto local. O  atual templo neocolonial, de 1953, do arquiteto Benedito Calixto de Jesus Neto substituiu a primeira matriz (1886). Em novembro de 2013, foi elevada à categoria de Santuário Diocesano, por sua riqueza artística e pelas graças obtidas por intercessão de São Sebastião. O trabalho incluiu revisão bibliográfica, visitas à igreja para levantamento métrico e fotográfico; elaboração de material gráfico; análise dos elementos externos e internos; entrevistas; e consultas a arquivos locais.
As três Igrejas dos Homens Pretos e sua inserção urbana na São Paulo de Piratininga (XVIII-XIX)
Authors: Santos Fabricio Forganes , Ghirardello Nilson
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho investiga a história urbana das três Igrejas de Homens Pretos que foram erguidas em São Paulo de Piratininga: a Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Pretos, a Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição e Santa Efigênia e a Igreja de São Benedito. Vistas pela Igreja como dispositivos de controle dos escravizados, a apropriação estratégica que o povo preto fez destes prédios corroborou para a fundação de importantes redutos negros no plano urbano paulistano, razão das muitas disputas territoriais. Utilizando como metodologia o cruzamento de fontes manuscritas e iconográficas, busca-se desenvolver uma nova narrativa acerca destes lugares do catolicismo negro, apontando a relevância de suas implantações como uma das justificativas para as expropriações ocorridas nos anos pós-abolição.
Fourteen new records of Crambidae (Lepidoptera) from South Korea
Authors: SHIN BORA , CHOI SEI-WOONG , KIM SUNG-SOO
Published: July 2022

This article reports 14 species of Crambidae for the first time in South Korea: Paracymoriza distinctalis (Leech, 1889) (Acentropinae), Pseudocatharylla duplicellus (Hampson, 1896) (Crambinae), Psammotis orientalis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968, Anania albeoverbascalis Yamanaka, 1966, Anania stachydalis (Germar, 1821), and Ecpyrrhorrhoe rubiginalis (Hübner, 1796)(Pyraustinae), Scoparia iwasakii Sasaki, 1991 (Scoparinae), and Haritalodes basipunctalis (Bremer, 1864), Nagiella inferior (Hampson, 1899), Notarcha aurolinealis (Walker, 1859), Herpetogramma okamotoi Yamanaka, 1976, Glyphodes formosanus Shibuya, 1928, Mecyna fusei (Inoue, 1982), and Udea tritalis (Christoph, 1881)(Spilomelinae). Additionally, the diagnosis, distribution, pictures, and DNA barcode information of adults and male and female genitalia of these 14 crambid moth species are provided.
First description of the male of Anagyrus almoriensis Shafee, Alam & Agarwal (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with details of new host Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Rubus ellipticus (Rosaceae) from Himalayas
Authors: GUPTA ANKITA , ZEYA SHAHID BIN , PRATT CORIN F. , JOSHI SUNIL , BALLAL CHANDISH R.
Published: July 2022

The male of Anagyrus almoriensis Shafee, Alam & Agarwal (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is described and illustrated from India along with notes on its associated hosts and types.
Neo-Aramaic and Kurdish Folklore from Northern Iraq
Authors: Khan Geoffrey , Mohammadirad Masoud , Molin Dorota , Noorlander Paul M.
Published: July 2022

This comparative anthology showcases the rich and mutually intertwined folklore of three ethno-religious communities from northern Iraq: Aramaic-speaking (‘Syriac’) Christians, Kurdish Muslims and—to a lesser extent—Aramaic-speaking Jews. The first volume contains several introductory chapters on language, folkore motifs and narrative style, followed by samples of glossed texts in each language variety. The second volume is the anthology proper, presenting folklore narratives in several distinct varieties of North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic and Northern and Central Kurdish. The stories are accompanied by English translations. The material includes different genres such as folktales, legends, fables and anecdotes, and is organised into seven thematic units. The folkloristic material of these three communities is shared to a large extent. The anthology is, therefore, a testament to the intimate and long-standing relations between these three ethno-religious communities—relations that existed in a multilingual environment centuries before the modern era of nationalism.
2. The Folkloristic Heritage of Kurds, Jews and Syriac Christians of Northern Iraq
Authors: Molin Dorota
Published: July 2022

The present anthology is a testament to the intimate and long-standing relations between three ethno–religious communities of northern Iraq: the Kurds, Jews and Aramaic-speaking (‘Syr-iac’) Christians. The folklore of these three communities is closely intertwined, so that even specific narrative units (‘mo-tifemes’) and entire stories can overlap. This chapter traces both parallels as well as independent strands in the anthology, focusing especially on themes, character types and cultural–religious frameworks in which the stories are set. The material is categorised according to Thompson's Motif Index (1922–1936) and/or Aarne-Thompson-Uther’s Tale Type Index (2004), which also serves to elucidate international parallels, such as the (apparently) Indo-European motif ‘Love Like Salt’. The sto-ries are discussed according to themes, which correspond to those of Volume II. Sometimes, stories are ‘borrowed’ transcul-turally along with their cultural-religious realia and values, showing that enrichment from other cultures has not been perceived as a threat to a community’s unique identity. This includes drawing from another’s community religious litera-ture. This, however, does not negate creative freedom or a de-gree of the community’s cultural independence. Thus, with other stories, material which was originally shared was since adapted to particular cultural and moral codes (e.g. Zanbil-firosh; the basket seller). Similarly, in stories such as The Bridge of Dalale, the character of the protagonists has been drastically altered in some variants in order to express divergent types of social critique.
3. Narrative Style and Discourse in Kurdish and Neo-Aramaic Oral Literature
Authors: Noorlander Paul M. , Mohammadirad Masoud
Published: July 2022

This chapter is an overview of narrative style and discourse strategies in Kurdish and Neo-Aramaic oral literature, show-casing convergence in storytelling techniques among ethno-religiously distinct neighbouring communities. Kurdish and Neo-Aramaic narrative discourse shows parallels in poetic, formulaic and figurative language as well as in its structural organisation. The chapter also contextualises these hallmarks from an areal perspective. Examples have been taken from the collection of texts in the second volume and include shared opening and closing formulae, idioms, fillers, proverbs, ideo-phones, onomatopoeias as well as syntactic stylistics such as repetition, inversion, and narrative verbal forms. The organi-sation of discourse is similar in the use of repetition and tail-head linkage for event cohesion, thematisation etc., the use of the verb ‘to rise’ to serve as discourse connective, the functions of additive particles, as well zero anaphora. A few features, such as the use of the additive markers, are typical of Aramaic-Kurdish bilinguals and indicative of Kurdish influence on Ar-amaic, while the use of verb ‘to rise’ in Kurdish indicates the influence of Semitic on Kurdish. Several traits are shared also more widely with Armenian, Arabic (Levantine, Mesopotami-an), Iranian (Gorani, Persian), and Turkic (Turkish, Azeri). Other features, the opening and closing formulae in particular, have been subject to diffusion in an area spanning from Iran to Eastern Europe. Finally, a number of these techniques. e.g., repetition, sound symbolism, are characteristics of oral narra-tives in general.
Contusion concomitant with ischemia injury aggravates skeletal muscle necrosis and hinders muscle functional recovery
Authors: Deng Peijun , Qiu Shuai , Liao Fawei , Jiang Yifei , Zheng Canbin , Zhu Qingtang
Published: July 2022

Contusion concomitant with ischemia injury to skeletal muscles is common in civilian and battlefield trauma. Despite their clinical importance, few experimental studies on these injuries are reported. The present study established a rat skeletal muscle contusion concomitant with ischemia injury model to identify skeletal muscle alterations compared with contusion injury or ischemia injury. Macroscopic and microscopic morphological evaluation showed that contusion concomitant with ischemia injury aggravated muscle edema and hematoxylin–eosin (HE) injury score at 24 h postinjury. Serum creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, together with gastrocnemius muscle (GM) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) content elevated at 24 h postinjury too. During the 28-day follow-up, electrophysiological and contractile impairment was more severe in the contusion concomitant with ischemia injury group. In addition, contusion concomitant with ischemia injury decreased the percentage of larger (600–3000 μm2) fibers and increased the fibrotic area and collagen I proportion in the GM. Smaller proportions of Pax7+ and MyoD+ satellite cells (SCs) were observed in the contusion concomitant with ischemia injury group at 7 days postinjury. In conclusion, contusion concomitant with ischemia injury to skeletal muscle not only aggravates early muscle fiber necrosis but also hinders muscle functional recovery by impairing SC differentiation and exacerbating fibrosis during skeletal muscle repair.
Australian general practitioner perceptions to sharing clinical data for secondary use: a mixed method approach
Authors: Varhol Richard J. , Randall Sean , Boyd James H. , Robinson Suzanne
Published: July 2022

Objective

The potential for data collected in general practice to be linked and used to address health system challenges of maintaining quality care, accessibility and safety, including pandemic support, has led to an increased interest in public acceptability of data sharing, however practitioners have rarely been asked to share their opinions on the topic. This paper attempts to gain an understanding of general practitioner’s perceptions on sharing routinely collected data for the purposes of healthcare planning and research. It also compares findings with data sharing perceptions in an international context. 

Materials and methods

A mixed methods approach combining an initial online survey followed by face-to-face interviews (before and during COVID-19), designed to identify the barriers and facilitators to sharing data, were conducted on a cross sectional convenience sample of general practitioners across Western Australia (WA).

Results

Eighty online surveys and ten face-to-face interviews with general practitioners were conducted from November 2020 – May 2021. Although respondents overwhelmingly identified the importance of population health research, their willingness to participate in data sharing programs was determined by a perception of trust associated with the organisation collecting and analysing shared data; a clearly defined purpose and process of collected data; including a governance structure providing confidence in the data sharing initiative simultaneously enabling a process of data sovereignty and autonomy.

Discussion

Results indicate strong agreement around the importance of sharing patient’s medical data for population and health research and planning. Concerns pertaining to lack of trust, governance and secondary use of data continue to be a setback to data sharing with implications for primary care business models being raised.

Conclusion

To further increase general practitioner’s confidence in sharing their clinical data, efforts should be directed towards implementing a robust data governance structure with an emphasis on transparency and representative stakeholder inclusion as well as identifying the role of government and government funded organisations, as well as building trust with the entities collecting and analysing the data.
General practitioners’ views on retaining Singapore’s primary care doctors: a cross-sectional survey and qualitative analysis
Authors: Fang Yang , Soljak Michael , Tan Shawn Lien Ler , Peckham Stephen , Tan Tze Lee , Smith Helen E.
Published: July 2022

Background

To support its ageing population and the increasing need for chronic care in the community, Singapore needs to boost the number of doctors in its primary care workforce. To better understand how to improve doctor retention and build a more robust primary care system, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with doctors in general practice and family medicine to explore their career satisfaction, their career plans, factors related to their plans to leave, and their view on retaining GPs in primary care.

Methods

An anonymous online survey was distributed to general practitioners working in the public and private sectors. The survey contained questions on career satisfaction, career plans in the next 5 years, and factors important for retaining doctors in primary care. In addition, there were open-ended questions for respondents to elaborate on retention initiatives and other factors that may improve engagement among primary care doctors. Quantitative data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, χ2 tests, t-tests, and Pearson’s correlations; qualitative data was analyzed thematically.

Results

The survey was attempted by 355 general practitioners and completed in full by 303. The respondents were most satisfied with rapport with patients and their current professional role; they were least satisfied with the amount of paperwork and the status of general practice in society. In terms of their career plans in the next 5 years, 49/341 (14.4%) of the respondents plan to leave general practice permanently, 43/341 (12.6%) plan to take a career break, and 175/341 (51.3%) plan to reduce their clinical hours. Higher remuneration, recognizing general practice and family medicine as a medical specialty, and reducing the litigious pressures on medical practice were rated as the most important factors for retaining primary care. Free-text responses also revealed a growing dissatisfaction with the Third-Party Administrators that manage insurance arrangements.

Conclusion

While the proportion of doctors who intend to leave is smaller than that reported in overseas studies, our findings highlight an urgent need for targeted interventions to engage and retain primary care doctors. Increasing recognition and support for general practitioners and their professional practice may contribute to strengthening community care for the ageing population.
Decision support-tools for early detection of infection in older people (aged> 65 years): a scoping review
Authors: Masot Olga , Cox Anna , Mold Freda , Sund-Levander Märtha , Tingström Pia , Boersema Geertien Christelle , Botigué Teresa , Daltrey Julie , Hughes Karen , Mayhorn Christopher B. , Montgomery Amy , Mullan Judy , Carey Nicola
Published: July 2022

Background

Infection is more frequent, and serious in people aged > 65 as they experience non-specific signs and symptoms delaying diagnosis and prompt treatment. Monitoring signs and symptoms using decision support tools (DST) is one approach that could help improve early detection ensuring timely treatment and effective care.

Objective

To identify and analyse decision support tools available to support detection of infection in older people (> 65 years).

Methods

A scoping review of the literature 2010–2021 following Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and PsycINFO using terms to identify decision support tools for detection of infection in people > 65 years was conducted, supplemented with manual searches.

Results

Seventeen papers, reporting varying stages of development of different DSTs were analysed. DSTs largely focussed on specific types of infection i.e. urine, respiratory, sepsis and were frequently hospital based (n = 9) for use by physicians. Four DSTs had been developed in nursing homes and one a care home, two of which explored detection of non- specific infection.

Conclusions

DSTs provide an opportunity to ensure a consistent approach to early detection of infection supporting prompt action and treatment, thus avoiding emergency hospital admissions. A lack of consideration regarding their implementation in practice means that any attempt to create an optimal validated and tested DST for infection detection will be impeded. This absence may ultimately affect the ability of the workforce to provide more effective and timely care, particularly during the current covid-19 pandemic.
Building a new life: a qualitative study of how family carers deal with significant changes
Authors: Duggleby Wendy , O’Rourke Hannah M. , Baxter Pamela , Nekolaichuk Cheryl , Thompson Genevieve , Peacock Shelley , Ghosh Sunita , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , McAiney Carrie , Dubé Véronique , Swindle Jennifer , Pagnucco-Renaud Madeleine , Sana Samina
Published: July 2022

Background

Family carers of persons living with dementia who are residing in long term care (LTC), often experience significant changes in their roles and relationships which affects mental and physical health. Research has focused on describing the carers’ experience, but not on how they deal with these changes or their perceptions of support needs. The purpose of this study was to explore how family carers of persons living with dementia residing in LTC deal with significant changes and to understand how best to support these carers.

Methods

Eight face-to-face audio-recorded focus group interviews were conducted with 45 participants from September 2019 to January 2020, as part of a larger study aimed at guiding the adaptation of an online toolkit to support family carers of persons living with dementia residing in LTC. Applied thematic analysis was used to analyze the focus group data.

Findings/results

Carers dealt with the significant changes they experienced through the process of “building a new life” consisting of two sub-processes: a) building new relationships (with their family member, LTC staff and others outside of LTC), and b) finding space for themselves (sharing of care and finding balance). Understanding dementia, support from others (staff, family and friends), connecting with resources, and being included in care decisions helped carers build a new life.

Conclusion

The process of building a new life describes the ways that family carers deal with the life-altering changes they experienced when a family member is admitted to LTC. Carers may be supported in building their new life, by providing them with information about dementia and how to relate to staff and their family member living with dementia. The quality of care being provided and the LTC environment may also play an important role in how carers deal with the significant changes they experience.
Metabolic obesity phenotypes and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study from the RaNCD cohort study
Authors: Jam Samira Arbabi , Moloudpour Behrooz , Najafi Farid , Darbandi Mitra , Pasdar Yahya
Published: July 2022

Background

Investigating the effect of metabolic disorders on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the presence or the absence of obesity is of great importance. This study aimed to examine the independent and joint relationships of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with CKD. 

Methods 

The present study was performed on 9,762 participants from the baseline phase of the Ravansar non- communicable diseases (RaNCD) study. Thereafter, the CKD was estimated by glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. All the included participants were categorized into the following four phenotypes: metabolically healthy non-overweight/obesity (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy non-overweight/obesity (MUNO), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO). Finally, Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (ORs).

Results

The mean age of the included participants was 47.33 ± 8.27 years old, %48.16 (4,701) of whom were men. As well, 1,058(10.84%) participants had CKD (eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2). The overweight/obesity was not significantly associated with odds of CKD. The odds of CKD in male subjects with MetS was 1.48 times higher than non-MetS ones (95% CI: 1.10, 2.01). After adjusting the confounders, the odds of CKD were 1.54 times (95% CI: 1.12, 2.11) higher in the MUNO and 2.22 times (95% CI: 1.44, 3.41) higher in the MUO compared to MHNO phenotype in male subjects. The odds of CKD in the MUNO and MUO was 1.31 times (95% CI: 1.10, 1.60) and 1.23 times (95% CI: 1.01, 1.54) higher than MHNO phenotype in female subjects, respectively.

Conclusion

The odds of CKD were higher in MUNO and MUO phenotypes. Therefore, lifestyle modification is recommended to control normal weight and healthy metabolism.
Assessment of vitamin K levels in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Cemortan Maria , Sagaidac Irina , Cernetchi Olga
Published: July 2022

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a disorder characterized by pruritus and elevated liver function tests and bile acids. Poor vitamin absorption and, as a result, hypovitaminosis K can occur as a result of the pathology. Given the known effects of vitamin K, the authors considered that hypovitaminosis K could increase the risk of coagulopathic hemorrhage in pregnant women. The study revealed that 59.2% of women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy were diagnosed with hypovitaminosis K; however, 98.6% of women had normal coagulogram indices. Thus, coagulogram markers are more likely to indicate vitamin K activity than its actual level.
Clustering and mapping the first COVID-19 outbreak in France
Authors: Darques Regis , Trottier Julie , Gaudin Raphael , Ait-Mouheb Nassim
Published: July 2022

Background

With more than 160 000 confirmed COVID-19 cases and about 30 000 deceased people at the end of June 2020, France was one of the countries most affected by the coronavirus crisis worldwide. We aim to assess the efficiency of global lockdown policy in limiting spatial contamination through an in-depth reanalysis of spatial statistics in France during the first lockdown and immediate post-lockdown phases.

Methods

To reach that goal, we use an integrated approach at the crossroads of geography, spatial epidemiology, and public health science. To eliminate any ambiguity relevant to the scope of the study, attention focused at first on data quality assessment. The data used originate from official databases (Santé Publique France) and the analysis is performed at a departmental level. We then developed spatial autocorrelation analysis, thematic mapping, hot spot analysis, and multivariate clustering.

Results

We observe the extreme heterogeneity of local situations and demonstrate that clustering and intensity are decorrelated indicators. Thematic mapping allows us to identify five “ghost” clusters, whereas hot spot analysis detects two positive and two negative clusters. Our re-evaluation also highlights that spatial dissemination follows a twofold logic, zonal contiguity and linear development, thus determining a “metastatic” propagation pattern.

Conclusions

One of the most problematic issues about COVID-19 management by the authorities is the limited capacity to identify hot spots. Clustering of epidemic events is often biased because of inappropriate data quality assessment and algorithms eliminating statistical-spatial outliers. Enhanced detection techniques allow for a better identification of hot and cold spots, which may lead to more effective political decisions during epidemic outbreaks. 

Graphical Abstract
Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported HIV testing among adolescent girls and young women in Rwanda: evidence from 2019/20 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Musekiwa Alfred , Silinda Patricia , Bamogo Assanatou , Twabi Halima S. , Mohammed Mohanad , Batidzirai Jesca Mercy , Matsena Zingoni Zvifadzo , Singini Geoffrey Chiyuzga , Moyo Maureen , Mchunu Nobuhle Nokubonga , Ekwomadu Theodora Ijeoma , Nevhungoni Portia , Maposa Innocent
Published: July 2022

Background

HIV/AIDS remains a major public health problem globally. The majority of people living with HIV are from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) aged 15-24 years. HIV testing is crucial as it is the gateway to HIV prevention, treatment, and care; therefore this study determined the prevalence and factors associated with self-reported HIV testing among AGYW in Rwanda.

Methods

We conducted secondary data analysis on the AGYW using data extracted from the nationally representative population-based 2019/2020 cross-sectional Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). We described the characteristics of study participants and determined the prevalence of HIV testing and associated factors using the multivariable logistic regression model. We adjusted all our analyses for unequal sampling probabilities using survey weights.

Results

There were a total of 5,732 AGYW, with the majority (57%) aged 15-19 years, 83% were not living with a man, 80% were from rural areas, 29% were from the East region, and 20% had a history of pregnancy. Self-reported HIV testing prevalence was 55.4% (95%CI: 53.7 to 57.0%). The odds of ever having an HIV test were significantly higher for those aged 20-24 years (aOR 2.87, 95%CI: 2.44 to 3.37); with higher education (aOR 2.41, 95%CI:1.48 to 3.93); who were rich (aOR 2.06, 95%CI:1.57 to 2.70); with access to at least one media (aOR 1.64, 95%CI: 1.14 to 2.37); who had ever been pregnant (aOR 16.12, 95%CI: 9.60 to 27.07); who ever had sex (aOR 2.40, 95%CI: 1.96 to 2.95); and those who had comprehensive HIV knowledge (aOR 1.34, 95%CI: 1.17 to 1.54).

Conclusions

We report an unmet need for HIV testing among AGYW in Rwanda. We recommend a combination of strategies to optimize access to HIV testing services, especially among the 15-19 years adolescent girls, including facility-based testing, school and community outreach, awareness campaigns on HIV testing, and home-based testing through HIV self-testing.
Evaluation of a prerequisite course of histology implementation for Chinese students of eight-year medical programme: a mixed quantitative survey
Authors: Ruan Yan , Zhang Junlei , Cai Qiyan , Wang Jiali , Liu Gaoke , Liu Yunlai , Mei Feng , Niu Jianqin , Xiao Lan , Tian Yanping , Li Hongli
Published: July 2022

Background

Due to insufficient basic medical knowledge and inappropriate learning strategies, students of 8-year medical programme encountered many obstacles in the initial stage of basic medicine learning. This study was to determine whether a prerequisite course can improve basic medicine learning performance and adjust learning strategies to adapt to basic medicine learning.

Methods

A prerequisite course of histology was constructed by a two-round modified Delphi study. Seventy-four students of 8-year medical programme were subjected to two groups: the prerequisite course group (PC group) and non-prerequisite course group (NPC group). The PC group take part in the prerequisite course by student-centred blended learning approach but NPC group not. The PC and NPC group underwent requisite histology teaching activities after prerequisite course. Examination of the prerequisite course and requisite histology course were carried out. Effect of the prerequisite course was evaluated by an empirical method using a questionnaire-based approach.

Results

The results of examinations showed students' scores of the PC group were significantly higher than those of students of NPC group in both prerequisite course and requisite histology examinations (P < 0.05). The results of questionnaires showed that students were satisfied with the prerequisite course, which was beneficial for uptake in medical knowledge, cultivation of clinical thinking and scientific research ability and adaptation in learning strategies (P < 0.01). Furthermore, our prerequisite course is conducive to subsequent courses learning, especially for pathology (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

Our prerequisite course could effectively supplement knowledge of basic medicine, improve clinical thinking and scientific research ability and adapt their learning strategies. These findings suggest that the prerequisite course is useful and should be introduced in medical curriculum reform at the early stages of basic medical training.