bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digestive Thickening on Cross-Sectional Imaging: Etiological Assessment of Endoscopy
Authors: Zahraoui S. , Salihoun M. , Bouhamou F. , Acharki M. , Serraj I. , Kabbaj N.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Digestive thickening on cross-sectional imaging is a challenge for gastroenterologists in cancer diagnosis. The aim is to study the contribution of ileocolonoscopy in the etiological assessment of digestive thickening visualized on imaging. Materials and Methods: This was a single-center study conducted from February 2019 to July 2024, including all patients with digestive thickening on cross-sectional imaging who underwent ileocolonoscopy. Results: Of a total of 2030 patients who underwent colonoscopy, 145 patients (7.14%) had digestive thickening on imaging. The mean age was 50.5 years, with a female predominance (sex ratio 0.82). 18 patients (12,5%) had a pathological history. Digestive thickening was discovered incidentally on imaging in 36 cases (24.8%), while 109 patients (75.2%) were symptomatic: 29% with abdominal pain, 19,3% with transit disorders, 11% with rectal syndrome, 7,6% with occlusive syndrome, 2,8% with iron-deficiency anemia, 2% with rectal bleeding, and 3,5% of patients had melaena. Colonoscopy was pathological in 83 cases (57,2%) and revealed the following lesions: ulcerative-bourgeoning tumor in 44 cases (30%) (of these, 15.8% in caecum, 11,8% in right colon, 38,16% in sigmoide, 13,16% left colon, 2,6% in transverse colon and 18.4% in recta), terminal ileitis in 18 cases (12,4%) (ulcerated in 54,8% of cases, stenosing in 32,2% and nodular in 13%), inflammatory colonic stenosis in 11 cases (7,6%), inflammatory pancolitis in 2 case (1,4%) and ulcerative rectitis in 8 cases (5,5%). Colonoscopy was normal in 62 cases (42,8%). Conclusion: Digestive thickening on cross-sectional imaging requires rigorous exploration to avoid missing a cancer. However, in our study, colonoscopy did not reveal a pathological lesion in more than a third of cases, requiring a review of the imaging technique and results.
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Where Were We Fifteen Years Ago?
Authors: Gürsu Rıza Umar
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer, is the third most common cancer. 19% of patients have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Half of the patients have risk of distant metastasis during their lives. New drugs were added in recent years, but it was limited fifteen years ago. In this study demographic parameters, treatment options, effects on overall survival of 172 patients with mCRC followed by Medical Oncology Department were examined. 110 patients(64%) had metastasis at diagnosis, 62(36%) had metastasis thereafter. Liver was the most common site(107 patients %62,2). 16 patients(9,3%) had metastasectomy. 104 patients(59,3%) had one; 49(28,5%) had two and 21(12,2%) had three lines of chemotherapy. Life expectancy was found to be increased as the number of line of chemotherapy increased. 44 patients(25,6%) had FOLFOX therapy, 52(30,2%) had IFL, 39 patients(22,7%) had a combination of bevacizumab and FOLFIRI and 37(%21,5) had XELOX. Overall survival rates were not different when treatment regimes were considered(Log rank:6,668; p:0,083;p>0,05). Most important factor at choosing the chemotherapy regime’s the evaluation of possible side effects. This hypothesis is supported with our study in which patients with higher performance status had second and third line treatments.
Urinary Tract Infection in High-Risk Pregnancy: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Kabir Muhib Muhammed , Kabir Mehnaz , Islam M M Faniqul , Haque Ramisa
Published: December 2024

Background: Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) is alarming. However, with prompt diagnosis and proper treatment, a healthy, full-term pregnancy can be achieved and the complications can be prevented. Objectives: To assess the fetal and maternal outcomes after completion of treatment with antimicrobials in pregnant women with recurrent UTI. Methods: A sum of 140 pregnant women with UTI symptoms were enrolled in this prospective, observational study attending the Internal Medicine OPD in BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. These patients had history of recurrent abortions with no significant medical conditions, only having symptoms of urinary tract infection. Baseline urinalysis and culture & sensitivity were done; full course of nitrofurantoin and cranberry were prescribed to these patients and finally repeat routine urinary examination was done. The fetal & maternal outcomes were assessed at the end of delivery. Results: The findings revealed 80.0% participants belonged to age range 25-<35 years; 91.4% belonged to middle socio-economic background; 95.7% of them had 3 previous abortions and 83.6% of them had symptoms of UTI but were untreated which resulted in abortions. In addition, 97% attended regular antenatal care (ANC) visits during current pregnancy. Besides, 95.7% indulged in frequent tea consumption and 90.0% cases complained of increased frequency of micturition as their sole clinical manifestation. Furthermore, before treatment, 97.1% had pyuria and in 62.9% urine cultures, E. coli was the commonest organism. After treatment, 100% patients had pus cells in urine 0-5 in number. Lastly, 83.6% deliveries were conducted by Caesarean section and all deliveries were done at term; all were live births and birth weight was ≥2.5 kg. At discharge, 100.0% mothers and babies were healthy and stable. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, treatment with suitable antibiotics and proper ANC visits can prevent all the adversities ...
Effectiveness of Group Counseling Using Cognitive Restructuring Techniques to Reduce Bullying Behavior in High School
Authors: Hidayatul Apriliyanti  , Ayong Lianawati  , Dimas Ardika Miftah Farid
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring technique group counseling to reduce bullying behavior in SMA Hang Tuah 4 Surabaya. The design used in this study was pre-experimental (one group pre-test post-test design). The population determined was grade XI IPS students at SMA Hang Tuah 4 Surabaya, the subjects used were 6 students from the highest scores through the results of the bullying behavior measurement scale. 6 students with the highest bullying behavior from the pre-test results will receive cognitive restructuring technique group counseling so that students can change negative thoughts into positive thoughts into negative behavior, the influence of wrong thoughts will change into positive behavior. Based on the results of the Wilcoxon test that has been carried out, the Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) results are 0.026. A value of 0.026 is smaller than <0.05, indicating that the hypothesis is accepted. So the conclusion that can be drawn is that cognitive restructuring technique group counseling services are effective in reducing bullying behavior in SMA Hang Tuah 4 Surabaya.
Mainskaya HPP dispatch system
Authors:   Zaharchenko V.E. Tsvetkov V.V.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the issues of constructing an automated process control system (APCS) for the Mainskaya hydroelectric power station (HPP).

Keywords
industrial automation, process control system, upper level, hydroelectric power station, SCADA
Analysis of the wind power plant reliability with optimal control of the power unit
Authors:   Buyalskiy V.I.
Published: December 2024

The dynamic loads reducing of large wind wheels with a horizontal rotation axis by replacing the steel truss tower with a concrete tubular one is evaluated. The assessment tasking of wind power plant reliability indicators at minimizing dynamic loads on the blades of the power unit preparing the system in a timely manner for changes in wind speed and consumed electricity power as external disturbing influences, as well as on the elements of all rotor systems by taking into account the load of the drive under different operating modes of the power unit, is solved. The mathematical model of the angular velocity of the wind wheel is improved, taking into account the loading of the drive.

Keywords
wind power plant, reliability, load, vibration, wind turbine, rotor system, optimal control
Calculation determination of starter electromechanical characteristics in the system of absolute and relative units
Authors:   Volkov E.V.
Published: December 2024

The article presents a methodology for calculating the electromechanical characteristics of a starter electric motor with serial electromagnetic excitation and recalculating them for any volt-ampere characteristic of a battery using the provisions of similarity theory. Analytical expressions are obtained for calculating the parameters and characteristics of the battery and starter in the system of absolute and relative units.

Keywords
discharge current, voltage, resistance and volt-ampere characteristics of the storage battery, power, torque and rotation frequency of the starter anchor, electromechanical characteristics in the system of relative and absolute units
Methodology for diagnosing shock absorbers of a vehicle based on measuring lateral forces on wheels
Authors:   Nyambat B. Fedotov A.I. Vlasov YU.A.
Published: December 2024

The article presents a method for diagnosing shock absorbers based on measuring lateral forces on vehicle wheels under road conditions. The studies were conducted using both theoretical and experimental methods. The quality of monitoring the technical condition of vehicle shock absorbers can be significantly improved if it is based on dependencies that characterize the influence of their technical condition on the force parameters of tire adhesion to the road surface during vehicle movement, under the influence of lateral force and when the wheels pass over a single road irregularity. As a result of the study, dependencies of lateral and normal reactions acting on the wheels from the technical condition of the shock absorbers were obtained, and a criterion characterizing the performance of shock absorbers under road conditions — the average realized lateral adhesion coefficient and its standard values — was established.

Keywords
mathematical model; vehicle stability; shock absorbers; road tests; lateral reactions; diagnostics
ENHANCING CROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCE OF INTERNATIONALIZED STUDENTS IN CHINA: EXPERIENCE FROM SINO-FOREIGN COOPERATIVE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Lin Qi
Published: December 2024

In the context of globalization, increased contact between people from different cultural backgrounds necessitates the development of new competencies to communicate across linguistic and cultural differences. Cross-cultural competence has become a crucial skill. For students receiving higher education in China, curriculum and teaching methods are key to enhancing cross-cultural competence. This study examines how Sino-foreign cooperative universities promote students' cross-cultural competence development through curriculum design, teaching models, and teacher-student interactions.
KEYWORDS: Internationalization at Home, Cross-Cultural Competence, Sino-Foreign Cooperative Universities
RESEARCH ON ENGLISH MAJOR GRAMMAR TEACHING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
CROSS-CULTURAL INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Li Huimin
Published: December 2024

In the new era, amidst the trends of curriculum ideological and political education, new liberal arts construction, and telling China’s stories well to the world, how traditional English grammar courses can break free from constraints such as being boring and tedious, seize opportunities, and make breakthroughs is a new challenge and opportunity facing university English teachers. This paper explores three approaches - content-based, situation-based, and authentic materials-based - to integrate cross-cultural international communication with university English major grammar teaching. Through combining English, grammar, discourse, ideological and political education, culture, and international communication, it is significant to cultivate international talents with Chinese depth, global breadth, and humanistic height, as well as cross-cultural communication leaders while solidifying students' grammar foundation.
KEYWORDS: English Major, Grammar Teaching, New Liberal Arts, Cross-Cultural Communication, International Communication
Experience of endovenous high-frequency electric welding in the treatment of chronic diseases of the lower extremities veins
Authors: Khodos Valentyn A. , Melnychuk Hlib O.
Published: December 2024

Aim: The purpose was to improve the results of treatment of chronic diseases of the lower extremities veins by using endovenous high-frequency electric welding in automatic mode, and to evaluate the obtained results.
Materials and methods: The results of treatment of 146 patients with chronic diseases of the lower extremities veins in the period from 2018 to 2023 were analyzed. There were 87 women (59.59%) and 59 men (40.41%). Reflux in the great saphenous vein was observed in 124 (84.93%) patients, in the small saphenous vein – in 22 (15.07%). Elimination of reflux in the great and small saphenous veins was performed by the method of endovenous high-frequency electric welding using the device «High-frequency electrocoagulator EK-300M» (Ukraine) in automatic mode. The stability of occlusion in the great and small saphenous veins after endovenous high-frequency electric welding was assessed on the basis of ultrasound examination at 7 days, 1, 3, 6, 12 months and more.
Results: The postoperative pain along the treated vein was noted in 2 (1.36%) patients, discomfort – in 124 (84.93%), feeling of a pull on the inner surface of the thigh – in 65 (44.52%), paresthesias in the thigh or lower leg – in 6 (3.57%), inflammatory infiltration along the treated vein – in 1 (0.68%), recurrence of the disease – in 2 (1.19%). Сomplete ablation was achieved in 146 (100%) operated patients. Complete ablation of veins was achieved due to the fact that the parameters of endovenous high-frequency electric welding, which, unlike endovasal laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation, are generated automatically based on the principle of feedback between the device itself and a specific level of impedance of the venous wall, ensure high-quality thermal treatment of all layers of the vein in each individual segment. The gentler energy effect of endovenous high-frequency electric welding on the vein walls compared to endovasal laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation reduces the manifestations of side effects and complications from the paravascular tissues.
Conclusions: The method of endovenous high-frequency electric welding is an effective treatment of chronic diseases of the lower extremities veins, leading to complete vein ablation in 100% of cases within a follow-up period of 12 months or more.
Factors influencing medication adherence among patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in Greece and Cyprus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nicolaou Anastasia N. , Saridi Maria , Fradelos Evangelos C. , Kaimakliotis Ioannis P. , Giannakou Konstantinos , Katsanos Konstantinos H. , Apostolidou Stavroula A.
Published: December 2024

Aim: To examine the level of medication adherence among individuals diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Greece and Cyprus and assess the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables affecting it.
Materials and Methods: An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was administered to adult patients attending hospitals and treatment centers in Greece and Cyprus.
Results: From the total of 150 participants, 48.7% of patients took their medication when they had no symptoms, compared to 84% of symptomatic patients. For almost half of the patients, the main reason for non-adherence was daily obligations, while for 40.7% the reported reason was treatment-related side effects. 51.3% of the patients stated that they didn’t require any assistance or reminders to improve their adherence. Adherence and reasons for not regularly taking medications were associated with sex, age, type, and duration of the disease as well as the type of treatment received.
Conclusions: According to the findings of our study, patients perceived various obstacles, such as daily obligations and the side effects of prescribed drugs, which hindered their adherence to treatment. Adherence levels were found to be associated with demographic, disease-related, and treatment-related factors. These results underscore the importance of implementing timely and targeted interventions to enhance treatment adherence among patients with IBD.
International standards for conducting biomedical research with human participation
Authors: Peresh Ivan Ye. , Petsa Dmytro D. , Kopcha Vasyl V. , Silina Tetyana M.
Published: December 2024

Aim: To conduct a comprehensive analysis and systematization of international standards for biomedical research involving human participants, to identify their key principles and implementation mechanisms, as well as to evaluate their effectiveness in ensuring ethical and legal norms during such research.
Materials and Methods: This research employs a diverse array of scientific inquiry methods, encompassing both general scientific approaches and specialized techniques.
Conclusions: The Declaration of Helsinki is a combination of ethical principles for conducting medical research with the participation of people. Taking into account the evolution of global and practical provisions on this issue, it is quite natural that certain points of the declaration were revised, supplemented, improved and generally contain a list of ethical rules of medical practice, one of which states: “The duty of a doctor is to improve and protect health people, including patients participating in medical research. His knowledge and conscience must be directed to the service of this duty.”
PARAMETERIZATION OF LABOR FACTORS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Ryazan, Russian Federation, Kuzminov Alexander N. , Popov Nikita E. ,   Rostov State University of Economics (RINH), Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

The article shows that an important parameter of economic security, which de-termines the need to change the quantitative composition of personnel, their competencies and skills, is the ratio of the production program and product portfolio with it, as well as the intro-duction of new production technologies. To plan and predict the required quantity and quality of labor resources, it is necessary to accurately determine the time periods in which technological changes in production will occur, as well as significant changes in the product portfolio. However, there is a difficulty in this issue, because constantly changing requirements for products and ways to bring them to consumers force enterprises to adapt personnel to new working conditions of jet engines. This means that existing skill deficiencies are a trigger for development measures. And the insufficient involvement of personnel in the process of training and improving the level of competence should be considered as the main reason hindering the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise. The approach presented in this article provides support for personnel development planning in order to eliminate the mentioned disadvantages of reactive personnel structure formation.
APPLICATION OF LSTM NEURAL NETWORK MODELS AND XGBOOST MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICT THE DURABILITY AND WEAR OF POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Authors:   Technological Institute (branch) of DSTU in Azov, Azov, Russian Federation, Chumak Irina Valentinovna , Minaev Osman Movladinovich ,   Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russian Federation, Bisultanova Petimat Adamovna ,   Grozny State Petroleum Technical University Grozny, Russian Federation
Published: December 2024

This article explores the possibilities of using XGBoost machine learning models and LSTM neural networks to predict the durability and wear of power system components. The theoretical foundations of the methods, their application to practical data and a comparative analysis of their effectiveness are considered. The LSTM model showed high accuracy in pro-cessing time series, such as temperature and vibration changes, due to its ability to take into account long-term dependencies. The XGBoost algorithm, in turn, demonstrated high perfor-mance when working with tabular data, especially in identifying significant wear factors. The results of the study highlight the potential of these models in increasing the reliability of power systems, reducing maintenance costs and preventing accidents. The limitations, development prospects of the approaches and their integration into monitoring systems are also discussed.
THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF IT MANAGEMENT IN MODERN BUSINESS
Authors:   Kadyrov Chechen State University, Grozny, Russia, Khaliev Magomed S.-U. , Starovoitova Oksana V. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia, Sungatullina Leysan M. ,   Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev, KAI, Kazan, Russia
Published: December 2024

To ensure the normal functioning of an enterprise in modern economic conditions, it is necessary to effectively manage its information resources. This approach to management includes elements of traditional management linked to information technology, which is why it is called IT management. Due to the importance of IT management for a company, it is relevant to consider its role and significance in modern business.
This article presents the concept of digital management, its goals and role in the enterprise. The main stages of development and implementation of the organization’s IT strategy are described and the functions of the IT manager are listed. Modern technologies that are used for effective company management are considered. The prospects and main problems of implementing digital management are also presented.
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF CUSTOMS DECLARATIONS AND AUTOMATIC RELEASE OF GOODS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF INTERACTION OF SUBJECTS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY WITH THE CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Romanova Irina V. , Kopteva Lyudmila A. ,   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
Published: December 2024

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that one of the most important elements of the formation of the digital economic space, ensuring the economic security of the country, is, of course, the formation of the institution of electronic government, since the transition that has developed in the economy has determined the need to make this transition within the framework of regulatory authorities. Electronic customs, as one of the bodies of the so-called electronic government, has already partially managed to adapt to changes in the environment and gain positive experience in the implementation of various promising information customs technologies. The article examines the issues of regulatory regulation of issues related to the introduction and use of customs technologies for auto-issuance and auto-registration of electronic declarations for goods, as well as reveals the main problems in the development of these technologies.
APPLICATION OF PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS IN APPLIED ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
Authors:   Kazan State Energy University, Grigorieva Irina V. , Taramov Alu A. ,   Grozny State Petroleum Technical University named after Academician M. D. Millionshchikov, Sadulaev Rasul R. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics
Published: December 2024

With the continuous development of computer technology in our country, small computers are also constantly being used and popularized, and with the constant expansion of the scale of production of small computers, the scope of application of small computers in people’s daily lives is also constantly expanding, mainly in the process of continuous development of industrial control. Traditional relay contactors mainly work according to fixed wiring methods, but due to the ongoing reform of our country’s industrial production, the original circuit also needs to be redesigned and installed, so traditional relay contactors can no longer adapt to the current needs of industrial production development, and this is not conducive to product development. Thus, the advent of programmable controllers has a very important impact on the control of innovation and product updates. Compared with small computers, programmable controllers also have the characteristics of simplicity and convenience, and their integrated performance is higher than that of small computers.
Linguistic Alternation in Libyan Arabic: A Sociolinguistic Examination of Code-switching
Authors: Abdulhady Saad
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the prevalence and functions of code-switching (CS) among non-Arabic-speaking educators at the University of Benghazi, with particular emphasis on how CS impacts identity formation and fosters a sense of belonging within the community. A sociolinguistic approach was adopted in the study, utilizing qualitative semi-structured interviews with a purposively selected sample to elicit in-depth insights into the types and functions of CS. Findings reveal that tag-switching is significantly more prevalent than inter-sentential code-switching, which improves social cohesiveness and interaction in bilingual settings. Participants strategically employed code-switching to create an inclusive learning environment, aligning with existing literature on the role of language choice in fostering student engagement. Furthermore, CS facilitates pragmatic functions, such as reducing tension and clarifying requests, while bridging language barriers with individuals of varying English proficiency. This article simply highlights CS as a significant social strategy that improves the educational process and fortifies cultural identification, suggesting its potential to be promoted inclusively in bilingual settings. The long-term impacts of code-switching on social integration and academic performance should be investigated in future research.
Patient-oriented and clinical considerations supporting the single-incision subepithelial connective tissue harvest
Authors: S. Kim Han , M. Cacho Denise , R. George Alan , K. Retrum Joseph , R. McDaniel Carsen , R. Lincicum Adam , Ann Inouye Kimberly , W. Stancoven Brian , M. Johnson Thomas
Published: December 2024

The subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) has become the gold standard for treating gingival recession. In addition, SCTG is a reliable technique for augmenting the dimensions of attached gingiva and peri-implant mucosa, thereby supporting periodontal and peri-implant health and stability. Various autogenous soft-tissue harvesting techniques have been developed for use in periodontal plastic surgery, each with its own set of advantages and limitations. Over the past 5 years, updated reviews of human palatal anatomy have influenced clinical decision-making regarding SCTG harvesting, expanding the safety zone for palatal SCTG procedures. New histological and molecular findings have provided insights into the underlying mechanisms that may explain the observed differences in clinical outcomes based on the harvesting method and graft type. The purpose of this paper is to recommend a preferred SCTG harvesting technique applicable to most cases and to identify specific clinical scenarios where available evidence may support the use of alternative methods.
Ting or Chinese pavilion: The history of a Chinese architectural type and its translation in transcultural scholarship
Authors: Chen Dustin B. , Zuo Lala
Published: December 2024

The translation of Chinese architectural types in transcultural scholarship faces two primary challenges: The ambiguous meaning of the term within its original cultural context and the broad connotations and usages of the corresponding English term, which often exceed those of the original. The Chinese architectural type ting, in particular, has been variously translated as “kiosk,” “gazebo,” and “pavilion” in previous scholarship. These translations, however, influenced by European architectural history, have led to inaccuracies, compounded by inconsistent references to other building types such as ge and xie. A chronological review of ting’s architectural reveals significant changes in its historical forms and functions. In the Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), ting was primarily a military facility of considerable height, later transitioning during the Wei-Jin dynasties (220 – 420) into a geographical landmark and a venue for literati activities. By the Tang dynasty (618 – 907), its elevated structure diminished, and its role in literati culture became more versatile. During the Song dynasty (960 – 1279), ting evolved into a roofed open structure, closely associated with xie in the Yingzao Fashi. By the Ming (1368 – 1644) and Qing (1644 – 1912) dynasties, ting had stabilized as “an architecture with a roof but without enclosing walls,” characterized by its great flexibility in construction. This historical complexity makes coining a singular equivalent term for ting inadequate. Instead, this article advocates for thick translations that situate ting within its spatial-temporal context through illustrations, annotations, and detailed explanations, addressing its intricate historical and cultural nuances alongside related building types.
Claws, climate change, and the Canadian Arctic: Spatiotemporal variation in ringed seal and bearded seal diet and mercury exposure
Authors:   , Laing R. Janelle
Published: December 2024

Climate change is disproportionately affecting the Arctic, causing a decrease in sea ice extent and thickness, which in turn impacts interspecific interactions and food availability for marine organisms. This thesis focused on two higher trophic level predators: ringed seals (Pusa hispida, Natsiq) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus, Ujjuk), both of which rely on sea ice and are vulnerable to environmental changes that influence the base of the food web and to bioaccumulative toxicants like mercury. Using stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) and total mercury (THg) in seal claws, this study investigated spatiotemporal variability in foraging ecology and mercury concentrations of ringed seals and bearded seals in relation to latitudinal differences and decadal changes in sea ice cover, environmental conditions, and biological factors. Samples were collected between 1990 and 2020 during Inuit subsistence harvests in Kugaaruk, Sanikiluaq, and Pangnirtung, Nunavut. Seals at lower latitudes had lower THg levels, fed more pelagically and at a lower trophic level, and showed greater individual specialization than seals at higher latitudes. Seals consumed relatively more pelagic prey in years with longer open water periods, adding to a growing body of evidence of climate-induced shifts in the foraging strategies of Arctic marine mammals towards pelagic prey. The analysis of ringed seal diets and mercury exposure from 1982 to 2018 in Cumberland Sound showed increased consumption of higher trophic level prey during years with less sea ice and longer open water periods, while δ34S and THg decreased over time, suggesting increased consumption of lower trophic level fish. The isotopic niche of ringed seals expanded from 1982 to 2018, indicating a broader resource use that may include more benthic-associated species. This study provided valuable insight into spatial and temporal variation in foraging strategies and contaminant exposure of two Arctic marine predators; information which contributes to understanding marine ecosystem health and resilience in the face of climate change.
Red cell distribution width/platelet ratio predicts decompensation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-related compensated advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Zheng Ming-Hua , Lonardo Amedeo
Published: December 2024

Prognostication of compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) is of paramount importance for the physician-and-patient communication and for rational clinical decisions. The paper published by Dallio et al reports on red cell distribution width (RDW)/platelet ratio (RPR) as a non-invasive biomarker in predicting decompensation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related cACLD. Differently from other biomarkers and algorithms, RPR is inexpensive and widely available, based on parameters which are included in a complete blood count. RPR is computed on the grounds of two different items, one of which, RDW, mirrors the host’s response to a variety of disease stimuli and is non-specific. The second parameter involved in RPR, platelet count, is more specific and has been used in the hepatological clinic to discriminate cirrhotic from non-cirrhotic chronic liver disease for decades. Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality among MASLD subjects, followed by extra-hepatic cancers and liver-related mortality. Therefore, MASLD biomarkers should be validated not only in terms of liver-related events but also in the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality and extra-hepatic cancers. Adequately sized multi-ethnic confirmatory investigation is required to define the role and significance of RPR in the stratification of MASLD-cACLD.
Gut microbiota shifts in hepatitis B-related portal hypertension after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Mechanistic and clinical implications
Authors: Jiang Qi-Rong , Zeng Da-Wu
Published: December 2024

In this article, we provide commentary on the recent article by Zhao et al . We focus on the shifts in the gut microbiota of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cirrhosis/portal hypertension (PH) following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and the implications for understanding the mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment. By comparing the gut microbiota composition and dynamic changes before and after TIPS in patients with and without hepatic encephalopathy, the authors found an increase in non-probiotic bacteria in those who developed hepatic encephalopathy post-TIPS, with Morganella species present only in the hepatic encephalopathy group. The gut microbiota changes post-TIPS among patients without the occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy suggest potential therapeutic benefits through prophylactic microbiome therapies. Furthermore, the specific gut microbiota alterations may hold promise to predict the risk of hepatic encephalopathy in individuals undergoing TIPS for HBV-related PH. Despite these promising findings, future studies are needed to address limitations, including a small sample size, a relatively short evaluation period for gut microbiota alterations, the absence of data on dynamic alterations in gut microbiota post-TIPS and their correlation with blood ammonia levels, and the lack of validation in animal models. In conclusion, Zhao et al 's study has shed new light on the link of gut microbiota with post-TIPS hepatic encephalopathy, potentially through the intricate gut-liver axis, and has important clinical implications for improving the management of patients with HBV-related PH.
Exploring the performance of large language models on hepatitis B infection-related questions: A comparative study
Authors: Li Yu , Huang Chen-Kai , Hu Yi , Zhou Xiao-Dong , He Cong , Zhong Jia-Wei
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection require chronic and personalized care to improve outcomes. Large language models (LLMs) can potentially provide medical information for patients.

AIM

To examine the performance of three LLMs, ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, and Google Gemini, in answering HBV-related questions.

METHODS

LLMs’ responses to HBV-related questions were independently graded by two medical professionals using a four-point accuracy scale, and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Each question was run three times using three LLMs. Readability was assessed via the Gunning Fog index and Flesch-Kincaid grade level.

RESULTS

Overall, all three LLM chatbots achieved high average accuracy scores for subjective questions (ChatGPT-3.5: 3.50; ChatGPT-4.0: 3.69; Google Gemini: 3.53, out of a maximum score of 4). With respect to objective questions, ChatGPT-4.0 achieved an 80.8% accuracy rate, compared with 62.9% for ChatGPT-3.5 and 73.1% for Google Gemini. Across the six domains, ChatGPT-4.0 performed better in terms of diagnosis, whereas Google Gemini demonstrated excellent clinical manifestations. Notably, in the readability analysis, the mean Gunning Fog index and Flesch-Kincaid grade level scores of the three LLM chatbots were significantly higher than the standard level eight, far exceeding the reading level of the normal population.

CONCLUSION

Our results highlight the potential of LLMs, especially ChatGPT-4.0, for delivering responses to HBV-related questions. LLMs may be an adjunctive informational tool for patients and physicians to improve outcomes. Nevertheless, current LLMs should not replace personalized treatment recommendations from physicians in the management of HBV infection.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM WACANA INTELEKTUAL MUSLIM DAN KHAZANAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Kamil Kamil
Published: December 2024

Konsep pendidikan karakter dalam Islam memiliki ciri khas yang tidak terdapat dalam konsep pendidikan karakter lainnya. Ciri khas tersebut bertumpu pada lima segi pokok, yaitu nurani akhlak (moral consicience); paksaan akhlak (moral obligation); hukum akhlak (moraljudgement); tanggung jawab akhlak (moral responsibility); dan ganjaran akhlak (moral reward). Pendidikan karakter yang terdapat dalam wacana intelektual muslim dan khazanah dunia pendidikan Islam, hendaknya bukan hanya ditujukan untuk membuktikan kesungguhanIslam dalam membangun karakter bangsa, atau mengaguminya, melainkan yang terpenting adalah melanjutkan usaha-usaha yang telah dirintis para intelektual muslim tersebut di masa sekarang dan akan datang dengan cara lebih inovatif dan kreatif lagi, sesuai dengan tantangan zaman, waktu dan tempat di masa sekarang dan yang akan datang. Demikian pula adanya pendidikan karakter yang terdapat dalam khazanah dunia pendidikan Islam, selain untuk dijadikan bahan inspirasi bagi para pemangku pendidikan untuk membangun pendidikan karakter di masa seka-rang dan yang akan datang, juga untuk menemukan strategi pendidikan karakter yang lebih efektif lagi bagi pembinaan uamt di masa sekarang dan akan datang.
IMPELEMENTASI UJIAN ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN KUIS E-LEARNING MOODLE
Authors: Batubara Hamdan Husein
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pelaksanaan ujian online menggunakan kuis LMSMoodle. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran dengan menggunakan kuesioner,wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa jurusan MadrasahIbtidaiyah Guru Pendidikan Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB Banjarmasin. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa langkah membuat ujian online adalah membuat kategori pertanyaan, membuat dan menyimpan pertanyaan di bank soal, membuat kategori nilai, menambahkanmodul kuis di halaman kursus, pelaksanaan ujian online, guru melihat dan mengunduh nilai siswa. Rata-rata penilaian responden berada pada tingkat sedang. Mereka menyatakan bahwa tampilan halaman ujian online menggunakan kuis Moodle LMS mudah dimengerti dan fiturnya sudah lengkap. Namun, perhatian serius harus diberikan pada kondisi jaringan internet, alat pendukung, dan peraturan tentang standar ujian online.
METODE PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK-TASAWUF WALISONGO
Authors: Muhajir Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Kehidupan modern tampil dalam dua wajah yang antagonistik. Di satu pihak modernisme telah berhasil mewujudkan kemajuan yang spektakuler dalam bidang sains dan teknologi. Di sisi lain, ia telah menampilkan wajah kemanusiaan yang buram berupa manusia modern yang mengalami kesengsaraan ruhaniah. Masalah yang fundamental adalah pendidikan mengalami materialisasi tujuan. Keberhasilan pendidikan hanya berorientasi kuantitatif lulusan dan orientasi lapangan kerja. Akibatnya, krisis terbesar di dunia saat ini adalah krisis akhlak. Metode pendidikan akhlak tasawuf Walisongo memiliki relevansi dengan sarat dengan prinsip-prinsip sufistik, sehingga membuahkan hasil diterimanya Islam sebagai agama baru bagi masyarakat Jawa, bahkan menjadikan Islam sebagai agama mayoritas dan mengakar hingga sekarang. Para Walisongo dalam mendidik masyarakat (Jawa, khususnya) mencoba memahami kondisi psikologis masyarakat sebagai sebuah realitas yang harus dipahami dengan kebesaran jiwa yang sebelumnya telah memiliki keyakinan dan corak sosial-budaya yang tidak sesuai dengan Islam. Pendidikan akhlak tasawuf Walisongo tidak sekedar mengajak untuk menerima dan memahami Islam dari sisi normatif-fiqhiyah atau simbolis-ritual saja. Akan tetapi, bertujuan membangun keharmonisan dalam pergaulan interaksi antar manusia melalui bangunan etika dan akhlakul karimah, saling menjaga, saling menghormati, dan saling bekerjasama untuk kebaikan bersama. Dengan metode pendidikan tersebut akan membangun kesadaran spiritual-religius umat dan pada akhirnya akan membangun kesadaran untuk lebih mendekatkan diri kepada Allah swt.
POLITIK HIJRAH SEKARMAJI KARTO SUWIRYO
Authors: Waliyadin Yana
Published: December 2024

Politik Hijrah SekaMaji Karto Suwiryo adalah salah satu politik non cooperatif untukmelepasakan berbagai kemelut yang terjadi di kubu PSII. Maka, adanya sebuah brosur hijrah itu dijadikan salah satu modal awal dalam mempertahankan ideologi dan menjalankan sistem hukum Islam juga tidak adanya cooperatif dalam masalah akidah, karena kemajuan Islam dalam membangun sebuah negara itu jelas bahwa harus di sesuaikan dengan al-quran dan rislah Rasulullah dengan konsepnya Iman, Hijrah dan Jihad. Dasar-dasar pemikiran yang mengilhami lahirnya sistem politik hijrah, di uraikan secara terperinci dalam sebuah brosur hijrah dan kemudian menjadi sistem politik yang dianut oleh PSII. Dan wewenang untuk menjelaskan sikap hijrah ini diserhakan kepada SM. Karto Suwiryo dalam kedudukannya sebagai Vice President Dewan Psii, sebagaimana tercantum.
Scientific approaches to defining the nature of terrorism
Authors: KOZENKO O.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of ‘military terrorism’. The author analyses various approaches to the classification of modern terrorism, including in the context of the legal regime of martial law. The current state of our country is characterised by an increase in the number of terrorist acts on its territory, and this, in turn, is a serious problem and a reason for developing a new conceptual framework and approaches to combating a new type of terrorism. The research paper substantiates various classifications of terrorism and provides a comparative analysis thereof. The article also provides examples of international experience in combating terrorist acts, judicial practice and national legislation. Given the extraordinary diversity, linkage and intertwining of forms of terrorism and new threats, the classification of new types of such criminal phenomena is necessary to ensure the functioning of the national system of counter-terrorism in Ukraine. That is why, first of all, it is necessary to carry out a logical construction of the classification of the conceptual apparatus of terrorism in Ukraine in order to apply various methods of combating it in the future.
Legal support of the national cyber security system
Authors: HORUN O.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the legal support of the national cyber security system. Contains an analysis of legislative acts adopted during the period of Ukraine's independence in the field of cyber security. The key stages of the formation of the national cyber security system are considered. The legislative experience of the EU and NATO in the field of ensuring cyber security is studied. Measures of the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine, which remain unimplemented today, are analyzed. The main directions of legal support for the formation of the national cyber security system are defined.
Features of ensuring cyber resilience of national information resources, communication and technological systems that ensure the functioning of government authorities under the conditions of the martial law
Authors: HURZHII S.
Published: December 2024

Risks and threats of unauthorized access to state information resources, communication and technological systems are identified. The procedure and conditions for the administration of state information resources hosted on cloud resources and data processing centers located outside of Ukraine are detailed. The set of regulatory acts approved by the Government of Ukraine with the aim of strengthening the cyber resilience of national information resources was analyzed, the procedure for responding to cyber incidents and cyber attacks, the procedure for searching and identifying potential vulnerabilities of information (automated), electronic communication, information and communication systems, and electronic communication networks was regulated. The regulatory acts adopted during 2023 by the Administration of the State Service of Special Communications and Information Protection with the aim of strengthening the cyber resilience of state information resources, automated systems for managing technological processes, administration of the state register of critical information infrastructure objects are summarized. The content of methodological recommendations devoted to the issue of responding by cyber security entities to various types of events in cyberspace, increasing the level of cyber protection of electronic document management systems, and strengthening the protection of  critical  infrastructure  objects  has  been  revealed.  It is  concluded that  the  process of managing vulnerabilities is aimed at their constant detection, which can be corrected by implementing patches and configuring security parameters. Further directions of improving vulnerability management processes as an important component of the system of ensuring cyber resilience of national information resources, communication and technological systems that ensure the functioning of state authorities are outlined.
Issues of the development of cyber security assessment indicators
Authors: MANUILOV Y.
Published: December 2024

The concept and features of conducting an assessment of the state of cyber security are defined. Modern tools, purpose and tasks of cyber security risk analysis are considered. The content and significance of key performance indicators in the field of cyber security are detailed. Modern methods and models for assessing the state of cyber security using indicators and metrics are highlighted. The foreign experience in the field of using cyber security indicators for the purpose of assessing its effectiveness is summarized. Further ways of improving the assessment of the state of cyber security are outlined and the need to develop and introduce basic indicators of the state of cyber security, indicators of the development of the national cyber security system and indicators of the state of cyber protection of critical information infrastructure, state information resources and information, the requirement for the protection of which is established by law, is actualized.
Regarding the improvement of the formation of the system for detection of vulnerabilities and response to cyber attacks
Authors: BILAN I.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the process of forming a system for detecting vulnerabilities and responding to cyberattacks in Ukraine. Modern cyber threats and their types are defined. Contains an analysis of legislation in the field of cyber security. The legally defined procedure for the system of detecting vulnerabilities and responding to cyber incidents and cyber attacks is considered. The experience of NATO and EU countries in the field of forming a system for detecting vulnerabilities and responding to cyberattacks is being studied. The ways of Ukraine's international cooperation with foreign partners in the field of cyber protection are highlighted, the directions of implementation of the Cyber Security Strategy of Ukraine are updated.