bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Effect of Rolling Bearing Construction on Internal Load Distribution and the Number of Active Rolling Elements
Authors: Tomovic Radoslav
Published: March 2013

One of the most important characteristics of a rolling bearing is the load distribution on rolling elements. This paper provides an analysis on the influence of the internal construction of rolling bearings on load distribution and the number of active rolling elements. The analysis was performed using a new mathematical model for the boundary level calculations of the bearing deflection and external radial load for the inner ring support on q rolling bearing elements. The model considers two boundary positions of inner ring support on an even and odd number of rolling elements. The developed model enables a very simple determination of the number of active rolling elements participating in an external load transfer, depending on the bearing type and internal radial clearance.
HCR Gearing and Optimization of its Geometry
Authors: Rackov Milan , Veres Miroslav , Kanovic Željko , Kuzmanovic Siniša
Published: March 2013

A special kind of the basic involute profile of non-standard gearing is called high contact ratio (HCR) gearing, where the contact ratio is higher, there are always at least two pairs of teeth in contact and the unit addendum height is not equal to one like for standard gearing. Thus, the tooth height is increased. When HCR gearing is used, it is not necessary to achieve a greater gear load capacity, but nevertheless there is a greater risk of interference due to the greater tooth height. The advantages of HCR gearing is higher resistance (load is distributed on more pairs of teeth at the same time) and a lower relative noise level of gearing, which can be significantly reduced by using an integer HCR factor. HCR profiles are more complicated than standard involute profiles, they have a greater predisposition for interference, pointed tip thickness and undercut of teeth during production (primary production interference). Due to increased addendum height, there is a larger possibility of some interference or pointed tooth tip occurring. Therefore, these issues need to be prevented in the design phase, and ensured that all relevant equations and constraints are satisfied. The described method of finding optimal gear parameter values uses a Generalized Particle Swarm (GPS) optimization algorithm and MATLAB. The GPS optimization is shown to be a very fast and reliable method.
High-Value SLM Aerospace Components: From Design to Manufacture
Authors: Brandt Milan , Sun Shou Jin , Leary Martin , Feih S. , Elambasseril Joe , Liu Qian Chu
Published: March 2013

Today additive manufacturing is shaping the future of global manufacturing and is influencing the design and manufacturability of tomorrows products. With selective laser melting (SLM), parts can be built directly from computer models or from measurements of existing components to be re-engineered, and therefore bypass traditional manufacturing processes such as cutting, milling and grinding. Benefits include: 1) new designs not possible using conventional subtractive technology, 2) dramatic savings in time, materials, wastage, energy and other costs in producing new components, 3) significant reductions in environmental impact, and 4) faster time to market. SLM builds up finished components from raw material powders layer by layer through laser melting. SLM removes many of the shape restrictions that limit design with traditional manufacturing methods, thereby allowing computationally optimised, high performance structures to be utilised. Functional engineering prototypes and actual components can then be built in their final shape with minimal material wastage. Samples and small product runs can be produced quickly at comparatively low cost to test and build market acceptance without major investment. In this chapter we present and discuss some of the concepts and findings involved in the design, manufacture and examination of high-value aerospace components from Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced at the RMITs Advanced Manufacturing Precinct.
Assessment of the Effect of Pitting Corrosion on Fatigue Crack Initiation in Hydro Turbine Shaft
Authors: Mitrovic Radivoje , Momcilovic Dejan , Atanasovska Ivana
Published: March 2013

Energy efficiency is a key issue worldwide, and not confined solely to the realm of engineers. Past failures of mechanical power system components must be examined carefully in order to minimise future occurrences and increase energy efficiencies. Improved design procedures have been highly sought by engineers and researchers over the past few decades. The latest verified method with strong application potential within the power industry is that of the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD). TCD is not one method, but a group of methods that have a common feature; the use of a characteristic material length parameter, the critical distance L, for calculating the influence of notch-like stress raisers under static and fatigue loading. A case study from a hydro power plant turbine shaft was chosen to illustrate the development of this methodology. The paper illustrates the application of TCD to the fatigue life assessment of a turbine shaft with stress concentrations due to pitting corrosion.
Biomimetic Design of Lightweight Vehicle Structures Based on Animal Bone Properties
Authors: Rui Yan , Subic Aleksandar , Takla Monir , Wang Chun H. , Niehoff Anja , Hamann Nina , Brueggemann Gert Peter
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a comprehensive biomimetic design approach to developing novel load bearing lightweight vehicle structures inspired by the structural properties of animal bones. Lightweight vehicle structures developed in this way would have increased stiffness at significantly reduced weight. In this research, trabecular (cancellous) bone was analyzed at the metaphyses of four different species including rat, rabbit, chicken, and sheep. Three-dimensional models of bone structures were reconstructed from micro-CT scanned images using the computer aided design software Mimics. Force resistance and energy absorption properties of relevant bone structures subjected to quasi-static compression loads were investigated and analysed using the Finite Element (FE) method. Based on the obtained results, the paper discusses the effects of load directions, bone structure allocation and model thickness on the energy absorption and force resistance of the bone structures. The simulation results obtained in this research were compared to the results of conventional vehicle side intrusion bars.
Reliability Distribution in Mechanical Systems for Given Reliability and Cost
Authors: Ivanović Miloš
Published: March 2013

Modern mechanical systems are required to have high reliability characteristics. To attain them, it is necessary to take particular care (aside from laboratory and in service reliability examinations) of reliability design from the early development stages of a mechanical system. Reliability design for a new system includes an allocation of reliability to system elements which should meet specified requirements. In order to meet certain technical and economic system requirements, a method has been developed using Lagrange multipliers to determine "the best" reliability allocation from the basis of achieving minimum system cost (CSmin) for a specified system reliability (RS). In addition, this method offers the possibility of achieving maximum system reliability (Rmax) for a specified system cost (CS). This paper presents a reliability allocation method allowing the techno-economic requirements imposed on the system to be satisfied in an appropriate way. The method was developed considering some specific factors in the construction of mechanical systems and the relationship between system cost and reliability. In addition, a procedure was developed which permits the determination of "the best" reliability allocation using the multi-criteria ranking method and compromise programming, where system cost and reliability represent the criteria for choosing "the best" solution. The described allocation model was employed in the reliability allocation for an automotive gearbox.
Optimization of the Water Extraction Technology of Flavonoids in Emilia Sonchifolia (Linn.) DC
Authors: Wang Li Sheng , Wang Wei , Ge Yan , Tang Jiangtao
Published: March 2013

Single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were successively carried out to optimize the water extraction technology of flavonoids in Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. The results showed that the influential order of factors was extraction times >solid-liquid ratio >extraction time. The optimum conditions were 15:1 of solid-liquid ratio, 2h of the extraction time and 3 of the extraction times. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of flavonoids from Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC was 3.35%.
Photo-Degradation of Cypermethrin in Aqueous Solution Studied by HPLC-DAD
Authors: Liang Yan Ru , Gong Zhen Bin , Li Wen Quan
Published: March 2013

The photo-degradation process of cypermethrin in aqueous solution was studied using the laboratory-built photochemical degradation device and commercial high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet-visible absorbance detector and mass spectrometric detector. Spectrometric characteristics of cypermethrin and its main degradation products suggest that cypermethrin could be photo-degradated and converted into smaller molecular under ultraviolet irradiation. The photo-degradation reaction of cypermethrin in aqueous solution is approximately pseudo-first-order reaction. Light strength, pH and salinity have significant effects on the photo-degradaiton reaction of cypermethrin. Mass spectrometric results show that cypermethrin pesticide can be degraded into new and easily photochemical degrading products through the removal of chlorine.
Spectroscopic Investigation of the Interaction between Rutin-Ce and Lysozyme
Authors: Chen Ning Sheng , Sun Li Li , Zhang Hong Ying
Published: March 2013

The interaction between Rutin-Ce and Lysozyme was studied using fluorescence，absorption, and circular dichroism spectra under simulative physiological conditions. The fluorescence quenching data show the presence of the static quenching mechanism. The binding constants (KA) are 1.14×104（298K）, 8.67×103（303K）, and 4.57×103（308K）L•mol-1, the binding sites (n) are approximately to1. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔHθ and ΔSθ) for the reaction further indicate both Van der Waals force and hydrogen bonds played key roles in the interaction accroding to Ross’s theory. The analyses of synchronous fluorescence spectra and CD spectra revealed Lysozyme conformation change in the presence of Rutin-Ce. The results provide some valuable information for Rutin drug design and pharmaceutical research.
Spectroscopic Studies on the Binding Properties of Ofloxacin and Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex DNA
Authors: Luo Xu Jian , Qin Qi Pin , Li Yu Lan , Yang Yan
Published: March 2013

The binding of ofloxacin with human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA, Htel-G4-DNA and Htel-3-G4-DNA were examined by Fluorescence and CD spectroscopic methods. In the Fluorescence emission spectral analysis, the addition of ofloxacin induced significant quenching on the fluorescence emission of TO-G4-DNA complex. The fluorescence spectral analysis indicated that ofloxacin exhibited higher binding affinity and binding intensity to Htel-G4-DNA than Htel-3-G4-DNA. In the CD spectral analysis, the interaction with ofloxacin did not disturb the characteristic absorption of Htel-G4-DNA at 290 nm corresponding to its antiparallel form, and only slightly increased the positive absorption at 270 nm as shoulder peak, which suggests the antiparallel structure of G-quadruplex can remain stable in the presence of ofloxacin
Study on Limonium aureum Endophytic Fungi and its Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Liu Xiao Feng , Qian Jiao Ling , Lin Peng , Xue Hong Yan , Yang Lin
Published: March 2013

Objective To research antibacterial activity of Limonium aureum endophytic fungi. Methods The endophytic fungi of Limonium aureum root was isolated by general method. After incubation, fermentation broth and biomass were extracted by ethyl acetate, n-bothanol and ethanol. The bactefiostatic test was experimented with six different bacterium．The method used was filter paper slice tests. Results 21 endophytes were obtained. After bactefiostatic testing, there were 31 samples with antibaceterial activity against at least one test bacterium he MIC of extraction from E101 and E201 against test bacteria was 0.25mg/mL.
Study of a upp-Based Counterselective Method for Large-Scale Deletion of Genome Fragments in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Zhang Xue Yu , Fu Jing , Chen Tao
Published: March 2013

The generation of an engineering strain with reduced genome relies on efficient methods for marker-free gene knockout. In this study, research on the efficiency of deletion of genome fragments with upp-based counterselective method in Bacillus subtilis was carried out. Using this method, the 3.053 Kb, 12.414 Kb and 34.148 Kb fragments of the skin element were marker-free deleted successfully, with the efficiency of 27%, 11.4% and 25%, respectively. Here we demonstrate that this method is an efﬁcient genetic tool for large genome fragments marker-free deletion.
Study on the Thermodynamic Properties of Two Anti-Cancer Drugs
Authors: Zhao W. W. , Gao J. Q. , Liu D. H. , Li Z. X.
Published: March 2013

The dissolution enthalpy of Cisplatin and Etoposide in the appropriate solvent were measured by RD496-2000 microcalorimeter under the conditions of atmospheric pressure and 309.65 K. The differential heat and the integral heat of the process are obtained, thereby establishing the relationship between the heat and the amount of solute, knowing that the dissolution process is the pseudo-first order reaction. In turn, the half-life, △solHm, △solGm, △solSm are also can obtained.
Research on Determination and Preparation of Diphenic Acid
Authors: Qi Zheng , Liu Zu Yu , Wang Jun Li
Published: March 2013

The oxidation of phenanthrene, with peracetic acid and by means of reaction distillation, into 2,2’-diphenic acid, and determination of phenanthrene, phenanthrenequinone and diphenic acid in the oxidation reaction mixtures, with a HPLC, have been studied. For the determination of phenanthrene, phenanthrenequinone and diphenic acid, the experimental results showed that the concentrations of the three components and their corresponding peak area presented good linear relationship. And for the oxidation, main technical parameters optimized by orthogonal test. The optimum conditions were as follows: molar ratio of phenanthrene to acetic acid: 1.0:25.0; molar ratio of phenanthrene to H2O2: 1.0:8.0; dropping time of 30%H2O2: 9h; reaction time:18h；solvent: benzene; reaction temperature: about 90°C(boil).
The Application of Silk Fibroin in Tissue Engineering and Drug Carrier Area
Authors: Jin Huan Yu , Liu Xing , Yin Hua , An Yan
Published: March 2013

In a long period, silk fibroin is applied in the biomedical area. Following the development of biotechnical, its new functions are get found and developed. From the ordinary tissue engineering frame to high grade frame with drug buffer system, exploitations of silk fibroin are constantly introduced new. In our review, we summarized the applications of silk fibroin in tissue engineering and drug carrier area.
Isolation and Identification of Bacillus from Spontaneous Fermented Sufu
Authors: Deng Jing , Wu Hua Chang , Zhao Xing Xiu , Shi Jiao Jiao
Published: March 2013

Sufu is a traditional Chinese fermented food. The safety of spontaneous fermentation products has been concerned by more and more people. A total of four isolates with big clear halos on the casein medium plate were isolated from spontaneous fermented Sufu in southern Sichuan. A1 and A3 most likely belong to Bacillus cereus B according to their phenotype and Biolog Microbial Identification System. B2 was classified in group as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B with the same methods. A2 was identified as Bacillus subtilis according to their phenotype and 16SrRNA. The safety of the strains are also discussed.
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Novel N-Nitro-2-Pyrimidinamine Derivatives
Authors: Qu Wen Yan , Zhao Jian , Gao Bei Bei , Chen Shuo , Jiang Zhi Fu , Ning Jun , Yuan Hui Zhu , She Dong Mei
Published: March 2013

Two series of novel N-nitro-2-pyrimidinamine derivatives were synthesized from ethyl acetoacetate, dimethyl malonate and nitroguanidine with good yields and high efficiency. The fungicidal activities of the synthesized compounds against nine fungal species were studied both in vitro and in vivo. Some of these compounds like 4,6-dihydr oxy -N-nitro-2-pyrimidinamine and 4,6-dihydroxy-5-isopentyl-N-nitro-2-pyrimidinamine showed obvious inhibitory of the mycelium growth at 50 mg/L. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds was also discussed.
Effect of Vaccinium dunalianum Glycoside on Platelet Aggregation in Animals
Authors: Liu Fei Fei , Liu Hui Ling , Cao Jian Xin
Published: March 2013

1-O-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside (PPCG) was isolated in extraordinary high yield from the dried buds of Vaccinium dunalianum. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of PPCG on platelet aggregation in animals. In in vitro tests, PPCG showed an inhibitory effect on ADP/PAF-induced platelet aggregation. PPCG significantly prolonged the mice bleeding and clotting time. PPCG (100 and 200 mg/kg) dose dependently reduced mortality of ADP-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism mice to 80% and 70%, respectively, a high dose (200 mg/kg) of that can reduce serum TC and TG levels of the experimental hyperlipidemia animals, but cannot lower blood viscosity. The observations provide a scientiﬁc basis for traditional use of this plant for the treatment of articular rheumatism. Furthermore, these results also suggested that PPCG had anti-thromboembolic effects and good prospects for drug development of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases.
A Study of Amplifying Ovarian Cancer Biomarkers Concentration by an Ultrasonic Device
Authors: Sun Yi Xin , Xu Tian , Pen Dan Hong , Fu Jian , Wu Wei
Published: March 2013

This paper reported a method of amplifying ovarian biomarkers concentration. Ultrasound device radiated to ovarian cancer cell to amplify the concentration of the biomarkers in the blood, achieving early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The device used digital frequency generator technique and adaptive load technology to produce frequency(1MHz), duty cycle (50%), power(0.3W/cm2). This study used the device to produce ultrasound exposure on vitro ovariancancer cell and determined the concentration of CA125 and CA19-9 in the blood after ultrasound exposure. The results show that the device can produce stable frequency and ultrasound power. The device radiated vitro ovarian cancer cell 5min, the biomarker CA125 concentration amplified 2.02 fold and CA19-9 concentration amplified 4.21 fold compare with no radiation ovarian cancer cell. This project developed a device for amplifying ovarian cancer biomarkers concentration which can amplify two or more biomarkers concentration simultaneously.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Deer Blood Hydrolysate on Fresh Beef during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Wang Shuai , Xu Feng Bo , Zhu Li Fu , Yu Yan Ze , Na Chun Zi
Published: March 2013

The aim of this work was to determine the inhibitory effect of deer blood hydrolysates addition on lipid oxidation, color deterioration and microbial contamination of ground beef during during 9 days of refrigerated storage. The pH value, total plate count, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and color were also determined. The results showed that the treatments added hydrolysates had significant inhibitory effects on lipid oxidation and kept the red color of ground beef in 9 days, when compared with controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect enhanced as the adding level of the hydrolysates increased (P < 0.05). These results suggest that deer blood hydrolysates are good source of natural antioxidants.
Effects of Acid Hydrolysis and Annealing Treatment on the Physicochemical Properties of Mung Bean Starch
Authors: Sun Qing Jie , Xiong Liu , Dai Lei , Zhu Xiao Lei
Published: March 2013

Mung bean starch (MBS) were modified by acid hydrolysis combined with annealing treatment (AH-ANN). The samples were treated with different pH, pH 1 (NSP1), pH 2 (NSP2), pH 3 (NSP3), pH 4 (NSP4) and pH 5 (NSP5), at 50°C. And other samples were treated at pH 4, for different incubated temperature, 20°C (NST20), 30°C (NST30), 40°C (NST40) and 60°C (NST60). Swelling power of all modified starches decreased. Solubility of NSP1 and NSP2 were significantly increased. And solubility of NSP4 and NST60 were obviously decreased. Compared to the native starch, the pasting temperature of NSP4 and NST60 increased, Breakdown (BD) of NSP4 and NST60 decreased. Modified starches had higher gel hardness except NSP1. Compared to the native starch, Onset temperature (To), peak temperature (Tp) and conclusion temperature (Tc) of NSP4 were greater, Tc-To and enthalpy (ΔH) decreased. Modified MBS exhibited "C" type X-ray pattern, which was same to the native starch.
Two-Phase Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclohexanone Oxime under Milder Conditions in Cyclohexane
Authors: Liu Guo Qing , Wu Jian , Luo He An
Published: March 2013

An innovative green process of producing ε-caprolactam (CPL) was proposed by integrating ammoximation and Beckmann rearrangement effectively. As a second part of the new process, two-phase (liquid-liquid) Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to caprolactam was carried out using solution of oxime-cyclohexane as reactant instead of melting oxime in conventional route. The experimental results indicated that a relatively high yield of CPL can be achieved with much less oleum under milder reaction conditions in comparison with conventional technology. Furthermore, preliminary work on the quality of CPL, characterized by D value, was also performed. It was found that molar ratio of acid to oxime had a great impact on D value while the influences of other parameters were less important.
Quantitative Analysis of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium in Different Brands of Junk Food Marketed in Metro Manila, Philippines
Authors: Solidum Judilynn N. , Parel Jina Lyn , Pascual Adrian , Reyes Rommel , Tiga Daniel J.
Published: March 2013

Heavy metals are considered harmful contaminants of food, previously recognized to pose both health and environmental hazards. Junk food are considered an everyday food of the general public most especially by children. There are no studies yet describing the heavy metal contents of junk food thus the primary objective of this study is to address such concerns. This study analyzed the heavy metal contents lead, cadmium, and chromium of 36 junk food, through Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Lead values ranged from 8.5398 to 0.0093 ppm while cadmium ranged from non detectable to 0.0085 ppm and for chromium, ranged from 0.1261 to 0.3106 ppm. It was observed that the sample Princess Snack’s lead content was significantly higher than the allowable limit for lead. The said product is imported from a country in East Asia. In conclusion, all samples obtained showed low amounts of cadmium while almost all samples contained lead except for one while for chromium all samples have content way above the safety limits. It is recommended that more studies should be done in samples that have not passed in terms of their heavy metal limits.
Research on the Relational Model of Corrosion Factors of Air Cooler on Atmospheric Tower
Authors: Feng Bin , Chen Bing , Gu Guo , Wu Chang Jiang
Published: March 2013

Corrosion perforation of air cooler on atmospheric tower in refinery is mainly caused by the outer wall pitting, and the leading factors which results in the air cooler failure are Cl-, PH , temperature and Na+. With orthogonal model design test program to the main factors, and through polarization curves experiments obtain the corresponding corrosion potential, corrosion rate, pitting potential. Analysis the change of Cl-, PH value, Temperature and Na+ to the air condenser corrosion influence. The results show that, Cl- concentration, Na+ concentration rise make air cooler on atmospheric tower happening corrosion easily; PH value rise make air cooler on atmospheric tower happening corrsion not easily, which has a protective effect to the passive film; Temperature rise make air cooler on atmospheric tower passivation membrane formation rate increase, and at the same time pitting corrosion is more easily to happen.
Study on Coking Mechanism during the Pyrolysis of Coal to Acetylene in the Plasma
Authors: Tian Yuan Yu , Qiao Ying Yun , Xie Ke Chang
Published: March 2013

Based on characterization of various properties of coking formation during the processing of pyrolysis of coal to acetylene in the plasma, and the chemical group composition of the coal, the reaction central - border zone characteristics of plasma and the specific circumstances of the reactor, the mechanism of coking on reactor wall is put forword during pyrolysis of the coal to acetylene in the plasma, which aromatics, colloids, asphaltenes and carbenes happen condensation reaction by dehydrogenation in plasma border reaction zone. Besides, a method is proposed that double peak particle size distribution of coal particle can eliminate coking continuously, and it get experimental validation.
Study on Reaction Mechanism during the Pyrolysis of Coal to Acetylene in the Plasma
Authors: Tian Yuan Yu , Qiao Ying Yun , Xie Ke Chang
Published: March 2013

The pyrolysis of coal to acetylene is studied with Pingshuo coal, Zichang coal and Dongshan coal in the plasma, and its course is analysised by coal chemical groups. The reaction mechanism of imitate free radicals is proposed in the pyrolysis of coal to acetylene in the plasma, the free radicals formation of high-temperature plasma and the composite dynamics are discussed. The results can educe that the acetylene content is higher of the organic product in the high temperature center zone of the pyrolysis of coal to acetylene in the plasma which base on the discussion of the saturates free radicals generating and compounding, combine with the reaction of aromatics, colloids and asphaltene and carbenes. It also can indicate that free radical reaction mechanism is applicable and feasible to explain coal of high-temperature centre zone in the plasma reaction.
Stability of α Phase in Ti Alloys Containing Al or Zr from First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Zhou Zhong Bo , Kou Hong Chao , Xue Xiang Yi , Chang Hui , Zhang Li Jun , Li Jin Shan
Published: March 2013

The energetic and electronic structure of α-type Ti1-xXx (X=Al and Zr, x=0.0625, 0.125, 0.185, 0.250, 0.3125and 0.375) binary alloys were calculated by the method of supercell and augmented plane waves plus local orbitals within generalized gradient approximation. The results show that the formation energy decreases with the composition of Al, while increases with composition of Zr, which indicate that α phase can be enhanced by increasing the Al contents while weaken by increasing Zr contents. The DOS results shows that the Fermi levels of Ti1-x Al x and Ti 1-x Zr x fall on a dip of a DOS curve, which means the α structure of these alloys is stable. When the Al content is increased, the charge transfer between the Al and its neighbors becomes more evident, and enhance the stability of the α phase. With an increase of Zr content, repulsive interaction between two Ti atoms strengthen, which result in the α phase stability decrease.
Mechanical Properties Research of Anionic Polymerized PA6/ABS Alloy
Authors: Zhao Hong Kai , Xiao Li Guang , Gao Jing Wu
Published: March 2013

Macromolecule modification activator was prepared using prepolymer of HTBN end capped by HDI biuret (N-75). Then the ABS/PA6 co-blend polymer was prepared by anionic polymerization with putting ABS resin into molten caprolactam monomer at the temperature of 160°C~180°C and the sodium hydroxide being used as activator. In the system of in-situ synthetic ABS modified nylon resin ,when the content of ABS is at 10% with rubber modifier as compatiblizing agent for ABS and nylon, the impact strength of matrices stepped up obviously, and the effect is better than that in the system of rubber modification. Along with added ABS, the tensile strength and bending strength fell that is lower than the tensile strength of pure nylon but apparently higher than that of the rubber modification system. The increase usage of compatiblizing agent improved the intensity and rupture elongation of matrices. It was indicated that ABS obstructed spherulitic growth and resulted in the reduction of nylon crystallinity.
Tandem Extraction of Gold (I) from Cyanide Leaching Solution by Weak-Strong Alkaline Anion Exchange Fiber
Authors: Shang Xiao Qian , Li Ming Yu , Zeng Qing Xuan , Feng Chang Gen
Published: March 2013

The objective of the study is separating the gold (I) and its coexistence base metals from cyanide leaching solution by homemade weak and strong alkaline anion exchange fiber inseries, by using their selectivity and the adsorption capacity, respectively. The optimal conditions of the adsorption/elution are as follows: for WAAEF, the suitable flow rate of the adsorption is 61.4 BV/h, and the loading density is 0.262 g/cm3; for SAAEF, the suitable flow rate of the adsorption is 872.2 BV/h, and the loading density is 0.202 g/cm3. A mixture of 2.5 mol/L NH4SCN with 0.1 mol/L NaOH is chosen as the gold (I) eluent, and the eluention flow rate is 96.9 BV/h. The conclusion is that the homemade fibers could be used inseries to extract the gold (I) from cyanide leaching solution.
Preparation and Properties of Glycerol Plasticized Starch/ Sepiolites Composites
Authors: Du Yuan Yuan , Zheng Peng Wu
Published: March 2013

Two sepiolites (SEPs) were respectively used as the fillers in glycerol plasticized-cassava starch (GPS) matrix by the casting process. Scanning electron microscopy proved that SEPs were dispersed well in the GPS matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that silanol groups at the external surface of SEPs could form the interaction with C-O-H and C-O-C groups in starch molecules. The introduction of SEPs improved the tensile strength, thermal stability, the pasting viscosity and restrained water vapor permeability, but reduced the elongation at break of the composites. SEP-fiber imparted the composites better properties than SEP-velvet, except for the resistance of moisture adsorption. SEP-velvet could decrease the water contents at the equilibrium of the composites.
Preparation of SiC Powders by Utilizing Rice Husk Ash from Biomass Cogeneration Plant
Authors: Fan Ming Yu , Yuan Wen Jie , Deng Cheng Ji , Zhu Hong Xi
Published: March 2013

A large amount of rice husk ash (RHA) is produced in the biomass cogeneration plant using rice husk as fuel. For utilization of this kind of industrial waste, SiC powders were synthesized with RHA and carbon black calcined at the temperature from 1500 to 1650 °C in argon. The phase composition and microstructure of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of temperature and SiO2/C ratio on the synthesis of SiC powders were investigated. The results show that the formation of SiC increases with SiO2/C ratio increasing as a whole, and SiC whisker appears at the temperature up to 1650 °C. The optimal temperature and SiO2/C ratio are 1550 °C and 5:8 respectively.
Application of Chemical Precipitation in Treating Ammonia Nitrogen from Excess Sludge Liquor
Authors: Yan Yi Xin , Gao Jian Lei , Wu Jian Ping
Published: March 2013

Removal effect of NH3-N by chemical precipitation process was studied in treating excess sludge liquor (the NH3-N concentration 600~1000mg/L) produced from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. MgSO4 and Na2HPO4 were used as the precipitants to investigate the influences of initial pH, reaction time and the precipitants dosage on the NH3-N removal effect as well as the concentration of residual TP. Results showed that with the initial pH of 11.0, reaction time of 10min, and the additional ratio of precipitants being Mg:N:P＝1.0:1.0:1.0, over 90% NH3-N removal efficiency was achieved which would significantly facilitate the subsequent biological treatment process.
Study on Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-6-Naphthoic Acid from 2-Naphthol and Improve the Synthetic Process
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Qiang , Gong Xian Feng , Zhao Xue Ling , Zhang Yu
Published: March 2013

2-Hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid is an main raw material for the synthesis of polyaromatic ester, it was synthesized from 2-Naphthol by methoxylation, bromization, grignard reaction and demethylation before recrystallization (C2H5OH:H2O=2.8:1 m/m) with an overall yield of 78.5% and content of 99.1%. Furthermore, the results showed that the 6-bromo-2-methoxynaphthalene was prepared using Sn as reducing agent with 96.2% of the yield which is higher than 6-bromo-2-methoxynaphthalene was prepared using solid carbon dioxide and grignard reagent with 23.8% of the yield.
The Residual Tensile Properties after Impact of CFRP with Different Porosities
Authors: Zhang A Ying , Zhang Dong Xing
Published: March 2013

The effects of voids on the residual tensile strength after impact of CFRP laminates were discussed in this paper. Impact tests on the CFRP laminates with two porosity levels were conducted at five impact energy levels of 3J, 6J, 9J, 12J and 15J at the room temperature. The tensile strength and the tensile modulus of non-impacted specimens decreased 0.67% and 0.086% with the porosity increasing from 0.33% to 0.71%. Compared to non-impact specimens, the residual tensile strength after impact (TAI) and tensile modulus after impact significantly decrease with increasing impact energy. The void contents had the negative effects on the residual tensile strength after impact and tensile modulus after impact of the specimens at the same impact energy.
Determination of Thiocyanate in Desulfurization Waste Solution by Spectrophotometry
Authors: Li Zhen Zhen , Li Guo Qiang , Zhang Yong Fa , Wang Lin , Shi Yu Liang , Wang Ya Zhen
Published: March 2013

Affects of thiosulfate (S2O32-) and sulfate (SO42-) on determination of thiocyanate (SCN-) in desulfurization waste solution (DWS) by spectrophotometry were investigated. The experiment results suggested that S2O32-and Fe3+ generated purple compound [Fe(S2O3)2]-which has a strong absorption at 450nm, but the purple soon fades in this process. As long as the reacting time is longer than 120s, the impact of S2O32-can be eliminated. In addition, sulfate has no effect. At 450nm wavelength, linear relationship between concentration of SCN-and absorbance was C=19.7272A-0.2774, which conformed to the Beer Law in the range of 2.00 ~ 19.45μg•ml-1, the correlation coefficients was 0.9996. The Fe3+-SCN-spectrophotometric method of monitoring SCN- in desulfurization waste solution was feasible.
Effect of Temperature on Recovery of Iron from Waste Slag of Pyrite Processing
Authors: Zhang Gui Fang , Yang Qing Rong , Gao Li Kun
Published: March 2013

Recovery of iron from the waste slag is of great interest for maximum use of mineral resource, reduction of environment impact and improvement of economical benefits to the related companies. This paper is mainly focused on the effect of the temperature on recovery of iron from waste slag of pyrite processing using reduction-roasting magnetic separation method. The experimental results show that under the treatment condition in this work about 70% of the iron was recovered from the waste slag, where the iron content in the concentrate is 57%. After the further treatment with chlorinated segregation-magnetic separation, the iron content in the recovered slag can reach 83%
Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powder Materials Anticipates at Disinfect the Appliance in the Beaded Paint
Authors: Huang Jia Jun , Feng Hong Wei
Published: March 2013

Nanocrystalline TiO2 powder materials is a good use of the performance of paint additives , nano-TiO2 bactericidal coating made its added a new type of green paint , and has been applied in China's architectural coating industry and has achieved a good technical and economic effect.This article discusses some technical characteristics and production application prospects of nanoscale TiO2 powder.
Preparation of Superfine Aluminum Hydroxide Fine Powder by Spontaneous Nucleation
Authors: Liu Xing Yong , Tang Ting Ting , Qian Cheng , Hao Shi Xiong
Published: March 2013

Superfine aluminum hydroxide fine powder with sheet-like particle in the range of dozens of nanometers to a few micrometers were prepared in high yields(90%) by spontaneous nucleation which is decompose under 45°C after cooling and diluting the solution of NaAlO2abruptly without seeding .The influence of the concentration of NaOH when decomposing on the distribution of particle size were investigated .The vacuum freezing drying oven with vacuum(11pa) and freezing(-45°C) were used .The study showed that the optimum is under the concentration of 2.69 mol/kg.Moreover,the powders dried by the vacuum freezing drying oven has no agglomerative phenomenon and the particle size are much smaller then other ovens.
Electrochemical Oxidation of 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2 Anode for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Wang Jian Ya , Peng Shui Xin , Xue Bin , Zhai Jing Han
Published: March 2013

The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid on Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2 electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry in this paper. The electrochemical behaviour of the electrode has been studied. The experimental results of cyclic voltammetry showed that acidic media was suitable for efficient electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. The Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2 electrode was used as the anode and the electrolysis experiment was carried out under the optimized conditions. The electrolysis process was monitored by UV-visible spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the chemical oxygen demand(COD) was determined by the potassium dichromate method. The mechanism of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid be oxided was studied primarily. The results of electrolysis experiment demonstrated the possibility that the electrode was used as an anode for electrochemical treatment of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid contained in the waste water.
Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of Fe-Dope TiO2 Nanostructure Using the Hydrothermal Treatment Method
Authors: Supunnee Khun Ngern , Mekla Vatcharinkorn , Raksasri Eakkarach
Published: March 2013

In this work optical properties of CuO nanostructure were studied. CuO nanostructure were synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment method. The structural and chemical natures of the obtained materials were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and study optical properties by UV-visible spectral. The XRD patterns of the CuO nanostructures indicated that CuO phases (JCPDS 05- 0661). The top-view SEM images, it can be seen clearly that high-density, horizontally scattered nanorod were grown on the product prepared at concentration of NaOH (aq) 7.5 M at 180 C for 12 h. The spectral of UV-vis data recorded showed the strong cut off at 341 nm.
Synthesis of Monodispersed Fe3O4 Magnetite Nanoparticles by Ethylene Glycol Solvothermal Method
Authors: Xu Gang , Zhang Min , Ou Ping , Zhang Yi , Han Gao Rong
Published: March 2013

Monodispersed Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a simple solvothermal method, in which Fe(NO3)3•9H2O was used as the starting materials, KOH as the mineralizer, and ethylene glycol (en) as the solvent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were employed to characterize the phase composition, transmission electron microscope (TEM) to observe the morphology and the particle size, and physical property measurement system (PPMS) to investigate the magnetic property of the synthesized powders, respectively. The synthesized Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles are of 50-100nm in size, and of notable ferromagnetic property. The saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, and coercive field are 68.8emu•g-1, 12.9emu•g-1, 138.5Oe, respectively. Based on the experimental resuts, the formation mechanism and the well monodispersed reason of the solvothersized Fe3O4 nanoparticles are discussed.
Synthesis of TiO2 Nanostructure by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering and Hydrothermal Technique
Authors: Khiannok Vipa , Mekla Vatcharinkorn , Porntheerapat Supanit
Published: March 2013

Anatase and rutile TiO2 nanostructure have been successfully synthesized via CD reactive magnetron sputtering and hydrothermal synthesis followed by post-treatment from titanium powder. The morphology and crystalline structure of the nanostructure are characterized in detail with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emissiom Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X- ray and energy dispersive x-ray analyzer (EDX). The pattern showed anatase and rutile phase crystalline structure. The thin films showed the surface as viewed uniform tiny spots distribution. TiO2 nanostructures were successfully synthesized using a simple hydrothermal synthesis method from TiO2 nanSubscript textoparticles. The samples were synthesized by means of the hydrothermal reaction of TiO2 nanoparticle of anatase and rutile phase. In a typical procedure, The time were varied, and cooled to room temperature, naturally. The samples showed structures of crystalline, anatase and rutile phases. They were morphology TiO2 nanorods, TiO2 nanowires and TiO2 nano shape with the diameters of about 30-300 nm. The EDX analysis of an area containing a large amount of TiO2 nanostructure reveals the existence of Na, Ti and O elements.
Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Polymer-Grafted SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+
Authors: Chang Jie , Wu Su Li , Zhang Shu Fen
Published: March 2013

A polymer-grafted SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ (PG-SAO-ED) were synthesized by using a bi-functional ligand (3-allyl-2, 4-pentanedione, denoted as APD) as a bridge, which can coordinate with the unsaturated metal ions on the surface of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ (SAO-ED) at one end, and copolymerize with methyl methacrylate and styrene at the other end. The sample was analyzed by FT-IR and Powder X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The PG-SAO-ED can well be applied in painting or ink, they have good miscibility with organics. The luminescent painting containing PG-SAO-ED has greatly higher water resistance than that containing SAO-ED.
Study on Preparation of 1H,1H,2H-Heptadecafluorodecene
Authors: Wang Xiang Cheng , Chang Geng , Fu Ai Qing
Published: March 2013

1H,1H,2H,2H-1Iodide-Perfluorodecane was synthesized use perfluorooctyl iodide and ethylene as materials, then reacted with sodium methoxide /methanol to gain 1H,1H,2H-Heptadecafluorodecene. Influence factors such as kinds of solvents, raw material configuration, concentration and time in the process of dehydrogen iodide were studied mainly. Optimization was using 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane as solvent, sodium methoxide /methanol (2mol/L ), 1H,1H,2H,2H-1Iodide-Perfluorodecane( M1 ): sodium methoxide( M2 ) =1:2, reacted 12 hours, the yield of 1H,1H,2H-Heptadecafluorodecene was up to 80%.
Effect of Different Sintering Additives on the Reaction-Bonded Si3N4/SiC Composite Ceramics
Authors: Li Jun , Yuan Wen Jie , Deng Cheng Ji , Zhu Hong Xi
Published: March 2013

Effect of different sintering additives on reaction-bonded Si3N4/SiC composite ceramics under pressureless was investigated. Si3N4/SiC composite ceramics were sintered at the temperature 1550 °C under nitrogen atmosphere with different sintering additives Y2O3, Y2O3:Al2O3=1:1, Y2O3:Mg2AlO4 :Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2: SiO2=5:2:1:1, and ZrO2 by using SiC with different particle sizes, and Si as raw materials. The phases, microstructure and mechanical property were characterized by XRD, SEM, and compressive strength test. The results demonstrated that when the particle gradation consisted of silicon carbide of 74 μm (5 wt.%), 44 μm (10 wt.%) and 0.5 μm(30 wt.%) and silicon powder of 74 μm (42 wt.%), the more dense samples with the bulk density of 2.43 g/cm3 and the higher compressive strength of 324 MPa could be obtained when Y2O3 was used as sintering additives.
The Influence of AST Doping on the Dielectric Properties of MgTiO3-Based Ceramics Fabricated by Soild-State Sintering
Authors: Luo Chun Yuan , Liu Jing Xiao , Shi Fei , Wu Ji Wei , Qian Chao , Du Peng Cheng
Published: March 2013

AST-doped ZnO-MgTiO3-SrTiO3ceramics were prepared using a solid-state sintering process. The effects of AST (Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2) on the dielectric properties of MgTiO3-based ceramics were investigated. The results indicate that AST-doped MgTiO3-based ceramics could be obtained after 1205~1280°C sintering for 3 h. The XRD results indicate that the obtained MgTiO3-based ceramics contain high percentage of MgTi2O5 phase and the percentage increased with the increase of AST content. It was found that the occurred liquid-phase sintering by adding AST glass could effectively lower the sintering temperature and decrease the dielectric loss of MgTiO3-based ceramics. A minimum tanδ of 1.5×10-4 associated with εr=19.0 was achieved for 6.0 wt% AST-doped samples sintered at 1255°C.
Synthesis of MgAl2O4-SiAlON Composite Powders by Carbothermal Nitritdation of Forsterite and Alumina
Authors: Duan Hong Juan , Zhu Hong Xi , Deng Cheng Ji , Yuan Wen Jie , Liang Ping
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the synthesis of MgAl2O4-SiAlON composite powders by forsterite, alumina and carbon black was studied. The samples were calcined under nitrogen atmosphere at 1500 °C, 1600 °C, 1650 °C for 3 hrs respectively. The phase compositions and microstructure of the synthesized powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows that an optimal alumina/forsterite content was a molar ratio of 2.0:1.0, the products consisted mainly of MgAl2O4 and Si3Al3O3N5 at 1500 °C, MgAl2O4 and Mg1.25Si1.25Al2.5O3N3 at 1600 °C and 1650 °C. The temperature can improve the formation of the octahedral spinel and flakiness Mg1.25Si1.25Al2.5O3N3.
Preparation of Zirconium Titanate Ceramics by Alloy Oxidation Method
Authors: Yuan Wen Jie , Deng Cheng Ji , Zhu Hong Xi , Li Jun
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the investigations are presented for preparation of zirconium titanate ceramics by pressureless sintering of powders obtained by alloy oxidation method. ZrxTi1-xO2 (x=0.40-0.60) powders were prepared by the oxidation of Zr-Ti alloys. The zirconium titanate powders were sintered in the temperature range from 1400 to 1600 °C for 3 h by pressureless sintering. The relationships among the composition, the relative densities and microstructure of bulk ceramic were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show the sintering and microstructure of single phase zirconium titanate ceramics varied with ZrO2 content. The relative density of samples reaches the maximum value of near 92% when sintering temperature is up to 1600 °C. Irregular pores distributed uniformly among the particles in the sintered ceramics with homogeneous microstructure.
Research on the Effect of Holding Time on Diamond Drill Bit Performance
Authors: Song Ru Yin , Yang Hong Wu , Yang Jun De
Published: March 2013

The sintering parameters of hot-pressing diamond drill bit mainly contains the sintering temperature, holding time, sintering pressure and the pressurized method. The length of holding time is directly related to the performance of diamond drill bit. This article mainly discusses the effect of holding time on the performance of diamond drill bit. First, a general formula of diamond drill bit is chosen. A group of samples in this parameter were loaded and sintered. Holding time is set as variable, while other parameters remain the same. The optimal holding time for this formula is obtained through the mechanical properties tests on the samples’ bending, tension, compression, and hardness, and fracture analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).