bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Properties and Reactivity of Phosphate-based Glasses by Inverse Gas Chromatography and Dynamic Vapour Sorption
Authors: Naseri Shiva , Lepry William C. , Mohammadi Maziar Shah , Waters Kristian E. , Nazhat Showan N.
Published: January 2019

The chemical durability of phosphate-based glasses (PGs) in an aqueous environment is crucial in determining their dissolution properties and their ultimate performance in vivo. In this study, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and dynamic vapour sorption (DVS)were used to investigate the short-term aqueous interactions of PG particles doped with SiO2 and TiO2 (50P2O5-40CaO-xSiO2- (10-x)TiO2, where x=7, 5, 3, and 0 mol%). IGC was used to evaluate the solubility parameter and surface energy of PGs. A good correlation between the polar parts of the solubility parameter and surface energy with glass transition temperature (Tg) and dissolution rates was demonstrated. DVS was applied to monitor the sorption characteristics of the PG particles. An increase in silica content resulted in greater vapour sorption and mass change. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data of the PGs post exposure to vapour demonstrated that increased SiO2 content disrupted the glass network and formed protonated phosphate species. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the presence of non-reacted water molecules in the PGs depending on SiO2 content. Moreover, there was a good correlation between the values measured through IGC and DVS, demonstrating the ability of both techniques in predicting the dissolution properties of PGs as consequence of alterations in their chemistry.
A qualitative survey on frequent subgraph mining
Authors: Güvenoglu Büsra , Bostanoglu Belgin Ergenç
Published: January 2019

Data mining is a popular research area that has been studied by many researchers and focuses on finding unforeseen and important information in large databases. One of the popular data structures used to represent large heterogeneous data in the field of data mining is graphs. So, graph mining is one of the most popular subdivisions of data mining. Subgraphs that are more frequently encountered than the user-defined threshold in a database are called frequent subgraphs. Frequent subgraphs in a database can give important information about this database. Using this information, data can be classified, clustered and indexed. The purpose of this survey is to examine frequent subgraph mining algorithms (i) in terms of frequent subgraph discovery process phases such as candidate generation and frequency calculation, (ii) categorize the algorithms according to their general attributes such as input type, dynamicity of graphs, result type, algorithmic approach they are based on, algorithmic design and graph representation as well as (iii) to discuss the performance of algorithms in comparison to each other and the challenges faced by the algorithms recently.
Empowering Signs: Writing and e-motions in Michel Houellebecq’s Platform
Authors: Lozier Claire
Published: January 2019

This article explores the working of the cultural literacy concepts of rhetoricity and textuality in Michel Houellebecq’s third novel Platform through the lens of French philosopher Frederic Lordon’s affect theory, with a view to understanding the way emotions and motion operate jointly through writing in this post-travel literature text dealing with the contemporary travel industry, sex tourism, and emotional alienation. As such, it contributes to the current reassessment of the role played by emotions in human interactions. By exploring the specific layered textuality of Platform, which purposefully recycles a series of discursive cliches and tropes, I show how Houellebecq’s writing style demands to be considered not only for its literary value but also for its potent, and perhaps unexpected, moving effects, or rhetoricity, which invite readers to reconsider their perception of alterity-i.e. the world and the other-but also of the performative power of art and literature. In order to demonstrate this, the article looks first at the failure of travel writing orchestrated in the novel; it then analyses alternative textual modalities of affect mediation trialed in the text; and finally, it considers the strategies used in Platform to “empowerise” signs and, as a result, those who read them.
On the Performance of Protected and Online Routing Enabled Translucent Space Division Multiplexing-Based Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Iyer Sridhar
Published: January 2019

In this article, we focus on the optimization of lightpath routing in an online Space Division Multiplexing-based Elastic Optical Network (SDM-b-EON) which is protected by the dedicated route protection (DRP) strategy. In view of the aforementioned, the Online Protection and Routing Algorithm with Regeneration (OPaRAwR) method is proposed which (i) protects the lightpaths through DRP, (ii) accounts for the presence of transceivers in the network, and (iii) ensures the routing of translucent lightpaths through the spectral super-channels over the spatial modes links. In regard to regeneration, we investigate two scenarios which differ in their regeneration variability level in addition to the adjustment of modulation formats (MFs) as per the transmission route characteristics. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted considering realistic transmission reach values and two realistic network topologies. The obtained simulation results demonstrate that the proposed OPaRAwR method significantly outperforms various reference techniques in terms of bandwidth blocking probability (BwBP). In addition, the results also show that significant benefits can be obtained in regard to the utilization of resources (spectrum and transceivers) with much lesser BwBP when the regeneration is conducted with complete flexibility and MF conversion is also permitted at every node of the SDM-b-EON.
Design and Analysis of 3-Input NAND/NOR/XNOR Gate Based on 2D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Muthu K. Esakki , Jannath Ul Firthouse VN. , Deepa S. Sorna , Raja A. Sivanantha , Robinson S.
Published: January 2019

In this paper, Two Dimensional (2D) Photonic Crystal (PhC) based 3-input all optical NOR, NAND and XNOR gates is proposed and designed. The proposed device is formed by the combination of line defects and square cavity. The performance of the device is analyzed using 2D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The band gap analysis is done by Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method. The device has the lattice constant and refractive index of 616 nm and 3.46, respectively. The dimension of the proposed structure is about 12.5 µm*12 µm which is highly compact and suitable for photonic integrated circuits (PIC).
Modelling with Dispersed Bivariate Moving Average Processes
Authors: Sunecher Yuvraj , Mamode Khan Naushad , Jowaheer Vandna
Published: January 2019

This paper proposes a non-stationary bivariate integer-valued moving average of order 1 (BINMA(1)) model where the respective innovations are marginal COM-Poisson and unrelated. As opposed to other such bivariate time series model, the dependence between the series in the above is constructed via the relation between the current series with survivor elements of the other series at the preceding time point. Under these assumptions, the BINMA(1) process is shown to accommodate different levels and combinations of over-, equi- and under-dispersion. Since under the non-stationary conditions, the joint likelihood function is hardly laborious to construct, a generalized quasi-likelihood (GQL) method of estimation is proposed to estimate the dynamic effects and dependence parameters. The asymptotic and consistency properties of the GQL estimators are also established. Monte-Carlo experiments and a real-life application to analyze intra-day stock transactions are presented to validate the proposed model and the estimation methodology.
On the 2-class field tower of subfields of some cyclotomic ℤ2-extensions
Authors: Mouhib Ali
Published: January 2019

We study the structure of the Galois group of the maximal unramified 2-extension of some family of number fields of large degree. Especially, we show that for each positive integer n, there exist infinitely many number fields with large degree, for which the defined Galois group is quaternion of order 2
n
.
On the space of generalized theta-series for certain quadratic forms in any number of variables
Authors: Shavgulidze Ketevan
Published: January 2019

An upper bound of the dimension of vector spaces of generalized theta-series corresponding to some nondiagonal quadratic forms in any number of variables is established. In a number of cases, an upper bound of the dimension of the space of theta-series with respect to the quadratic forms of five variables is improved and the basis of this space is constructed.
Some topological and combinatorial properties preserved by inverse limits
Authors: Camargo Javier , Uzcátegui Carlos
Published: January 2019

We show that the following properties are preserved under inverse limits: countable fan-tightness, q
+, discrete generation and selective separability. We also present several examples based on inverse limits of countable spaces.
A new algorithm for real economy benefit evaluation based on big data analysis
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Saedudin Rd Rohmat
Published: January 2019

Based on the Sino-foreign petroleum cooperation project, the benefit evaluation algorithm of real economy based on big data analysis is proposed. The investment payback period, net present value, internal rate of return, discounted profit after investment and option value are selected as the benefit evaluation indicators of the real economy. The benchmark yield, discount rate and oil option parameters are defined as the benefits evaluation parameters of the real economy. Through the Delphi method and the analytic hierarchy process, the weight of each factor is specified. The method of expert independent scoring is used to construct the judgment matrix, and the consistency check is performed on the sort. The feature quantity matrix of the evaluation indicator is established to perform dimensionless processing on the original data. The project’s economic benefit indicators are divided into positive indicators of “ideal economic benefits” and negative indicators of “negative economic benefits”, the grey correlations are calculated, and real economic benefits are assessed. The results of project example analysis show that the algorithm not only realizes the whole life cycle management of overseas oil and gas cooperation projects, but also conducts tracking and evaluation of project implementation and economic benefits during the implementation process, and conducts sensitivity analysis on key indicators, that provides effective decision support for managers.
Optimization design of reconfiguration algorithm for high voltage power distribution network based on ant colony algorithm
Authors: Li Zhen , Zhang Yao , Aqeel Ashraf Muhammad
Published: January 2019

Distribution network reconfiguration is a very complex and large-scale combinatorial optimization problem. In network reconfiguration, whether an effective solution can be obtained is a key issue. Aiming at the problems in network reconstruction by traditional algorithm, such as long time required, more times of power flow calculation and high network loss, a network optimization design algorithm based on improved ant colony algorithm for high voltage power distribution network is proposed. After analyzing the operating characteristics of the high voltage power distribution network, the network topology of the high voltage power distribution network is described by constructing a hierarchical variable-structure distribution network model. A mathematical model of distribution network reconstruction considering the opportunity constraint with the minimum network loss as the objective function is established. The power flow distribution is calculated by using the pre-push back-generation method combined with the hierarchical structure of the distribution network. The maximum and minimum ant colony algorithm is introduced to improve the pheromone updating method of the traditional ant colony algorithm, and the search range is expanded, so that the algorithm can jump out of the local optimization trap to realize the accurate solution of the power distribution network reconstruction model. The experimental results show that compared with the current network reconstruction algorithm, the proposed algorithm requires less time for convergence, less power flow calculation, and lower network loss.
Feasibility simulation of aseismic structure design for long-span bridges
Authors: Lai Li
Published: January 2019

In the traditional finite element analysis method, when simulating the feasibility of aseismic structure design of long-span bridges, only finite element analysis is carried out on the bridge structure without considering the aseismic situation of the aseismic structure of the bridge under different schemes, which leads to one-sidedness of the simulation results. Therefore, a new simulation method for the feasibility study of seismic design of long-span bridges is proposed in this paper. 5 seismic isolation schemes for long-span bridge structures are designed. The lock-up devices and liquid viscous dampers are deployed in bridge structure. Numerical simulation of bridge structure is carried out by establishing calculation model and improved hierarchical Kerr spring model. The responses of long-span bridges under seismic loading for 5 seismic isolation schemes are analyzed. On this basis, the seismic performance of long-span bridges is tested by using the multi-point excitation motion equation, the response power spectrum and the structural dynamic reliability analysis based on the first transcendental failure criterion. Experimental results show that all the five seismic isolation schemes are feasible, and the seismic effect of the schemes 4 and 5 is the strongest. The maximum horizontal thrust of pier top is 6.27E+062, 0.50E+07 and 6.00E+06, 2.78E+07, respectively. The proposed method can be used to simulate the seismic response of long-span bridges.
A text-Image feature mapping algorithm based on transfer learning
Authors: Pan Deng , Yang Hyunho
Published: January 2019

The traditional uniform distribution algorithm does not filter the image data when extracting the approximate features of text-image data under the event, so the similarity between the image data and the text is low, which leads to low accuracy of the algorithm. This paper proposes a text-image feature mapping algorithm based on transfer learning. The existing data is filtered by ‘clustering technology’ to obtain similar data with the target data. The significant text features are calculated through the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model and information gain based on Gibbs sampling. Bag of visual word (BOVW) model and Naive Bayesian method are used to model image data. With the help of the text-image co-occurrence data in the same event, the text feature distribution is mapped to the image feature space, and the feature distribution of image data under the same event is approximated. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain the feature distribution of image data under different events, and the average cosine similarity is as high as 92%, the average dispersion is as low as 0.06%, and the accuracy of the algorithm is high.
Migration and Mobility as a Factor of Sustainable Development in Europe
Authors: Kruk Marzena Sylwia
Published: January 2019

Contemporary discourse on the international and national level of individual countries concerning the dilemma of sustainable development and the future of societies pays particular attention to the phenomenon of migration in Europe. The article aims to identify social factors, especially migration processes, affecting sustainable development in Europe and Poland. Synchronization of economic, social and environmental capital is to prevent the creation of one-line development plans. In addition, it is intended to eliminate potential conflicts related to uneven development. The starting point for the considerations is the definition proposed by I. Sachs "Sustainable development is a process by which it is possible to harmonize the exploitation of all natural resources, direct investment and technical and institutional changes, as well as meet the current and future needs of people according to the production and assimilation capacity of ecosystems" (Sachs, 2000) [Own translation from Polish].Specific questions and research problems arise What impact do contemporary migration processes have on sustainable development? Is sustainable development possible in a situation of growing social disproportions? How do economic migrants affect sustainable development? Foreign students, (migrants), as the capital building large urban centers.
Financial Depth and Efficiency, and Economic Growth Nexus in Saudi Arabia and Oman
Authors: Saeed Abdullah , Saleh Shayem
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to examine the financial depth and efficiency and economic growth nexus in the context of Saudi Arabia and Oman. In particular, this paper addresses on how financial depth and efficiency relate to economic growth and the causal relation between financial depth and efficiency and the economic growth in Saudi Arabia and Oman. Methodological wise, this study employs a panel data of Saudi Arabia and Oman over the period of 1990 - 2015 and uses the determination of line of best to analyze the causal relations. The empirical results show that financial deepening have desirable effects on the economic growth in Oman, while increasing financial depth and efficiency has detrimental impact to economic growth of Saudi Arabia. Based on these empirical facts, we conclude that the financial deepening in Saudi Arabia is not an economic prioritized strategy, but financial deepening is an economic prioritized strategy in Oman. Two main policy implications are reached.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Investment Banks
Authors: Vedapradha R. , Ravi Hariharan
Published: January 2019

Banks are automating their processes, migrating their infrastructure and applications to the cloud to create a seamless customer journey. Transformative technology has enabled banks and financial institutions to automate their operations based on advanced data-driven. Banks are adopting AI based anti-money-laundering, anti-fraud, compliance, credit-underwriting and smart contracts technology in their operations. These applications have been embraced by the investment banks as regulatory framework are failing to combat conventional way in combating against money laundering. Artificial Intelligence will focus on cognitive application in functional areas of business along with investment and compliance sectors of financial services industry. Adopting AI based anti-money-laundering, anti-fraud, compliance, credit-underwriting and smart contracts technology in their operations.
Play as Imitation of Life: The Relation between Mother, Child and Toy in Little Brother™
Authors: Korucu Arzu
Published: January 2019

Bernard Shaw describes the important role of play in the cultural development of the individual with his famous quotation: “We don’t cease to play because we grow old; we grow old because we cease to play.” On the other hand, Donald Winnicott summarizes his basic thesis claiming that “Cultural experience begins with creative living first manifested as play.” In this study, I aim to analyse how the mysterious interaction between mother and child appears in Bruce Holland Rogers’s story named Little BrotherTM through the lens of Freud’s, Jung’s and Winnicott’s theories.
Considerations upon Grammatical Synonymy with Passive Voice Structures in English and Romanian
Authors: Lipan Anca Florina
Published: January 2019

If synonymy implies both a degree of similarity as well as difference between synonymous terms, the present paper will give a brief account of the similarities and differences between the meanings of active and passive voice corresponding constructions in both English and Romanian with a view to highlight the contrast as well as the similarity between language systems.
To the Left or the Port? (Technical Translation/ Interpretation Challenges)
Authors: Kanani Ilda
Published: January 2019

The present paper treats some of the challenges faced when interpreting very technical presentations, speeches and discussion panels on a very specific training on small boat operations organized by U.S Coast Guard and U.S Embassy in Vlora, Albania. It tries to investigate the interpretation problems which may arise during this kind of translation and the specific skills required by the interpreters to successfully accomplish this really demanding task. The case study method is based on the author’s experience as a consecutive interpreter (English into Albanian and vice-versa) in this training and it will provide specific interpretation challenges along with skills and strategies employed in each case.
Local stability of the steel tubes with concrete core
Authors: Kanishchev Ruslan , Kvocak Vincent
Published: January 2019

The paper deals with the experimental analysis of the local stability of short axially compressed rectangular concrete-filled steel tubes (CFSTs), in which the load acted on the steel pipe. This analysis is one part of the research oriented to the local and global stability of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubes. This part presents the comparison of the coefficients of critical stress, which were obtained from experimental tests of investigated members with standard value in Eurocode 3. Some results and research findings of this analysis are published in the paper.
Study of sulphate ions removal from acidic waters using ion exchange resin
Authors: Pavlikova Petra , Balintova Magdalena , Holub Marian
Published: January 2019

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is the most common pollution related to mining. It consists of an aqueous solution containing high metals and sulphate concentration, which impact surface and groundwater and lead to serious environmental problems. Low pH and high concentrations of heavy metals and sulphates are limiting for many various treatment technologies in these acidic waters. Ion - exchange is a very powerful technology where one or more undesirable contaminants are removed from water by exchange with another non-objectionable or less objectionable substance. Many of materials for the ion - exchange treatment is available in a variety forms and have widely differing chemical and physical properties. The paper deals with study of ion - exchange process under static and dynamic conditions for sulphate removal from acidic waters using ion - exchange resin with the aim to apply the results for treatment of acid mine drainage. Two types of experiments were performed under static and dynamic conditions. The efficiency of AMBERLITE MB20 resin for SO4 2- removal from model solution H2SO4 under static conditions decreases from 86.6 % for concentration 100 mg/L to efficiency 66.9 % for concertation 1000 mg/L. The efficiency for sulphate removal from AMD was only 41%. The study also presents three experiments under dynamic conditions, one with new ion - exchange resin a two experiments with its regenerated form. It was find that ion-exchange capacity decreases numbers of regeneration steps.
Analysis of the influence of longitudinal inclines on horizontal road traffic signs
Authors: Talasek Jiri , Micechova Zaneta
Published: January 2019

This article examines the effect of the values of the longitudinal inclines of the road in relation to the location of horizontal road traffic signs. In a simple analysis, baseline scenarios were evaluated to demonstrate results that can be helpful in assessing the design of horizontal road traffic signs. As this is a broad topic, only the recommendations resulting from the test values are listed at the end of the text. The implementation of horizontal traffic signs in the right section of the road can be an important factor in improving road transport safety.
Robust Fault Identification of Turbofan Engines Sensors Based on Fractional-Order Integral Sliding Mode Observer
Authors: He Xiaocong , Xiao Lingfei
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a robust fault identification scheme based on fractional-order integral sliding mode observer (FOISMO) for turbofan engine sensors with uncertainties. The equilibrium manifold expansion (EME) model is introduced due to its simplicity and accuracy for nonlinear system. A fractional-order integral sliding mode observer is designed to reconstruct faults on sensors, in which the fractional-order integral sliding surface guarantees the fast convergence of reconstruction. The observer parameters is selected according to L2 gain theory in order to minimize the effect of uncertainties on the fault reconstruction signal. Simulations in Matlab/Simulink show high reconstruction accuracy of the proposed method despite the present of uncertainties.
Novel homozygous mutation in the WWOX gene causes seizures and global developmental delay: Report and review
Authors: Ehaideb Salleh N. , Al-Bu Ali Majed J. , Al-obaid Jaafer J. , Aljassim Kareemah M. , Alfadhel Majid
Published: January 2019

TheWWOXgene has a WW domain containing oxidoreductase, which is located at the common fragile site FRA16D at chromosome 16q23.WWOXis a tumor suppressor gene that has been associated with several types of cancer such as hepatic, breast, lung, prostate, gastric, and ovarian. Recently WWOX has been implicated in epilepsy, where studies show homozygous loss-of-function mutation lead to early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy, spinocerebellar ataxia, intractable seizures and developmental delay, and early lethal microcephaly syndrome with epilepsy. Here we investigate two consanguineous Saudi families and we identified three probands with epileptic encephalopathy. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous mutation in theWWOXgene in one proband. In addition, we identified a previously reportedWWOXmutation in two probands. Later on these findings were confirmed with Sanger sequencing. The underlying mechanism on how WWOX mutations lead to seizure remains elusive. To date very fewWWOXmutations have been associated with neurological disorder and our newly identified mutations support the notion that WWOX play an important role in neurons and will aid in better diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Single-dose prednisolone alters endocrine and haematologic responses and exercise performance in men
Authors: Tacey Alexander , Parker Lewan , Yeap Bu B , Joseph John , Lim Ee M , Garnham Andrew , Hare David L , Brennan-Speranza Tara , Levinger Itamar
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single dose of prednisolone on (A) high-intensity interval cycling performance and (B) post-exercise metabolic, hormonal and haematological responses. Nine young men participated in this double-blind, randomised, cross-over study. The participants completed exercise sessions (4 × 4 min cycling bouts at 90–95% of peak heart rate), 12 h after ingesting prednisolone (20 mg) or placebo. Work load was adjusted to maintain the same relative heart rate between the sessions. Exercise performance was measured as total work performed. Blood samples were taken at rest, immediately post exercise and up to 3 h post exercise. Prednisolone ingestion decreased total work performed by 5% (P < 0.05). Baseline blood glucose was elevated following prednisolone compared to placebo (P < 0.001). Three hours post exercise, blood glucose in the prednisolone trial was reduced to a level equivalent to the baseline concentration in the placebo trial (P > 0.05). Prednisolone suppressed the increase in blood lactate immediately post exercise (P < 0.05). Total white blood cell count was elevated at all time-points with prednisolone (P < 0.01). Androgens and sex hormone-binding globulin were elevated immediately after exercise, irrespective of prednisolone or placebo. In contrast, prednisolone significantly reduced the ratio of testosterone/luteinizing hormone (P < 0.01). Acute prednisolone treatment impairs high-intensity interval cycling performance and alters metabolic and haematological parameters in healthy young men. Exercise may be an effective tool to minimise the effect of prednisolone on blood glucose levels.
Discordance between testosterone measurement methods in castrated prostate cancer patients
Authors: Rouleau Mélanie , Lemire Francis , Déry Michel , Thériault Benoît , Dubois Gabriel , Fradet Yves , Toren Paul , Guillemette Chantal , Lacombe Louis , Klotz Laurence , Saad Fred , Guérette Dominique , Pouliot Frédéric
Published: January 2019

Failure to suppress testosterone below 0.7 nM in castrated prostate cancer patients is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Testosterone levels in castrated patients are therefore routinely measured. Although mass spectrometry is the gold standard used to measure testosterone, most hospitals use an immunoassay method. In this study, we sought to evaluate the accuracy of an immunoassay method to measure castrate testosterone levels, with mass spectrometry as the reference standard. We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 435 serum samples retrieved from castrated prostate cancer patients from April to September 2017. No follow-up of clinical outcomes was performed. Serum testosterone levels were measured in the same sample using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay methods. The mean testosterone levels were significantly higher with immunoassay than with mass spectrometry (0.672 ± 0.359 vs 0.461 ± 0.541 nM; P < 0.0001). Half of the samples with testosterone ≥0.7 nM assessed by immunoassay were measured <0.7 nM using mass spectrometry. However, we observed that only 2.95% of the samples with testosterone <0.7 nM measured by immunoassay were quantified ≥0.7 nM using mass spectrometry. The percentage of serum samples experiencing testosterone breakthrough at >0.7 nM was significantly higher with immunoassay (22.1%) than with mass spectrometry (13.1%; P < 0.0001). Quantitative measurement of serum testosterone levels >0.7 nM by immunoassay can result in an inaccurately identified castration status. Suboptimal testosterone levels in castrated patients should be confirmed by either mass spectrometry or an immunoassay method validated at low testosterone levels and interpreted with caution before any changes are made to treatment management.
La teoría pura del derecho y la exclusión de la sociología
Authors: Fredy Aristizábal José
Published: January 2019

Hans Kelsen considera en su obra Teoría pura del derecho, que la ciencia jurídica debe separarse de otras ciencias. La razón de Kelsen consiste en su consideración de que la sociología ha sido atrapada por el empirismo racionalista y su motivación es que el derecho no puede ser reducido a una ciencia auxiliar de la sociología, lo que lo lleva a construir un estatuto propio de la ciencia jurídica con un corte racionalista. Ahora bien, el presente artículo tiene por finalidad analizar argumentos utilizados por Hans Kelsen, uno de los mayores referentes del derecho contemporáneo, para excluir la sociología de su construcción teórica “la teoría pura del derecho”. Así pues, la posición del positivismo racionalista de manera alguna representa el pensamiento general de la sociología, por tanto es un error desconocer el papel fundamental de la sociología en la construcción de los sistemas normativos jurídicos. La metodología empleada es de naturaleza holística, es decir, obedece a una simbiosis entre análisis y reflexión para tratar de comprender una de las razones planteadas en la teoría pura del derecho, que desconoce el papel de la sociología en la modelación de las normas jurídicas.
Transcriptional Basis of Copper-Induced Olfactory Impairment in the Sea Lamprey, a Primitive Invasive Fish
Authors: Jones Jenna , Wellband Kyle , Zielinski Barbara , Heath Daniel D
Published: January 2019

Olfaction mediates behaviors necessary for survival and reproduction in fishes. Anthropogenic inputs of contaminants into aquatic environments, specifically copper, are known to disrupt a broad range of olfactory-mediated behaviors and can cause long-lasting damage even at low concentrations that have profound impacts on the biology of aquatic organisms. The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) is a primitive fish species invasive to the North American Great Lakes that relies on olfaction to navigate during natal homing and in mate choice during reproduction. To investigate effects of copper on sea lamprey olfaction and the potential for maintenance of olfactory function during copper exposure, we exposed juvenile sea lamprey to environmentally ecologically relevant copper concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 30 µg/L) for 24 hr and characterized gene transcription response in olfactory tissue (i.e., peripheral olfactory organ and olfactory bulb) and forebrain using whole transcriptome sequencing. Copper exposure induced a pattern of positive dose-dependent transcriptional response. Expression changes primarily reflected up-regulation of genes involved in apoptosis and wound healing. Unlike higher vertebrates, genes specifically related to the olfactory senses of the sea lamprey, e.g., olfactory receptors, exhibited little transcriptional response to copper exposure, suggesting the mechanism of copper-induced olfactory impairment is through necrosis of the olfactory bulb and not copper-selective inhibition of olfactory receptors. Fully two-thirds of the differentially expressed genes at higher doses of copper have no known function and thus represent important candidates for further study of the responses to copper-induced olfactory injury. Our results shed light on the evolution of vertebrate olfactory repair mechanisms and have important implications for the conservation and management of both invasive and native populations of lamprey.
Aegilops tauschiiGenome Sequence: A Framework for Meta-analysis of Wheat QTLs
Authors: Xu Jiale , Dai Xiongtao , Ramasamy Ramesh K , Wang Le , Zhu Tingting , McGuire Patrick E , Jorgensen Chad M , Dehghani Hamid , Gulick Patrick J , Luo Ming-Cheng , Müller Hans-Georg , Dvorak Jan
Published: January 2019

Numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been mapped in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat and wheat relatives, mostly with simple sequence repeat (SSR) or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. To conduct meta-analysis of QTL requires projecting them onto a common genomic framework, either a consensus genetic map or genomic sequence. The latter strategy is pursued here. Of 774 QTL mapped in wheat and wheat relatives found in the literature, 585 (75.6%) were successfully projected onto the Aegilops tauschii pseudomolecules. QTL mapped with SNP markers were more successfully projected (92.2%) than those mapped with SSR markers (66.2%). The QTL were not distributed homogeneously along chromosome arms. Their frequencies increased in the proximal-to-distal direction but declined in the most distal regions and were weakly correlated with recombination rates along the chromosome arms. Databases for projected SSR markers and QTL were constructed and incorporated into the Ae. tauschii JBrowse. To facilitate meta-QTL analysis, eight clusters of QTL were used to estimate standard deviations (σ^) of independently mapped QTL projected onto the Ae. tauschii genome sequence. The standard deviations σ^ were modeled as an exponential decay function of recombination rates along the Ae. tauschii chromosomes. We implemented four hypothesis tests for determining the membership of query QTL. The hypothesis tests and estimation procedure for σ^ were implemented in a web portal for meta-analysis of projected QTL. Twenty-one QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance mapped on wheat chromosomes 3A, 3B, and 3D were analyzed to illustrate the use of the portal for meta-QTL analyses.
Viršutinės virškinimo trakto dalies stromos navikai: sampratos ir terminų kaita
Authors: Lunevičius Raimundas
Published: January 2019

Raimundas LunevičiusVilniaus universiteto Bendrosios ir kraujagyslių chirurgijos klinikos Bendrosios chirurgijos centrasVilniaus universitetinė greitosios pagalbos ligoninė
Įvadas / tikslas
Pagrindinis šio straipsnio tikslas – pabrėžti, kad kalbant apie virškinimo trakto navikus, kurie po endoskopinių, rentgenologinių tyrimų, po operacijų bei histologinių tyrimų šviesiniu mikroskopu dažnai pavadinami lejomiomomis, lejomiosarkomomis, švanomomis ar pan., reikia remtis kita, imunohistocheminiais tyrimais grįsta samprata. Tai lemia ir kitus mezenchiminės kilmės navikų pavadinimus. Šiame kontekste taip pat pateikiami esminiai, klinicistams labai svarbūs tokių navikų pasireiškimo dėsningumai, diagnostikos ir gydymo ypatybės.
Metodai
Literatūros, kurioje nagrinėjama ši tema, apžvalga.
Rezultatai
Virškinimo trakto stromos navikai yra mezenchiminės kilmės neoplazmos, kurios gali būti nepiktybinės (70–90 %) ir piktybinės (10–30 %). Dalis stromos navikų gali būti kraujavimo, stenozės ir skausmo priežastis. Visi besimptomiai, 2 cm skersmens ir didesni skrandžio stromos navikai bei simptominiai (komplikuoti) skrandžio stromos navikai, tarp jų ir kraujuojantys, turi būti pašalinti.
Skrandžio operacijos apimtis priklauso nuo skrandžio naviko vietos ir dydžio. Jeigu yra galimybių, rekomenduojama daryti laparoskopinę operaciją ir pašalinti naviką su sveikais audiniais. Sisteminės limfadenektomijos daryti nereikia, nes mezenchiminės kilmės piktybiniai navikai dažniausiai plinta ne limfogeniniu, bet hematogeniniu būdu. Svarbiausi nepalankios prognozės veiksniai – mitozių skaičius > 5/50 laukų, > 5 cm skersmens navikai, jų išplitimas į gretimus audinius bei organus. Imunohistocheminiai tyrimai (CD117, vimentino, CD34, lygiųjų raumenų alfa aktino, desmino, S-100 proteino ir kt.) yra esminė stromos ir visų mezenchiminės kilmės navikų diferencinės diagnozės dalis.
Išvados
Virškinimo trakto mezenchiminių navikų diferenciacija yra kompleksinė. Esminis pašalintų navikų tyrimas yra imunohistocheminis. Kol jo negalima atlikti, tokius navikus geriau vadinti abstraktesniais terminais – virškinimo trakto stromos navikais arba virškinimo trakto mezenchiminiais navikais. Galimybių klinikiniais tyrimo metodais ir šviesiniu mikroskopu patikslinti į lejomiomas panašių virškinimo trakto navikų histologinę struktūrą nėra.
Prasminiai žodžiai: virškinimo trakto stromos navikai, komplikacijos, diagnostika, imunohistochemija, operacijos.
Endoskopinis ūminės storosios žarnos obstrukcijos gydymas
Authors: Adamonis Kęstutis , Pavalkis Dainius , Saladžinskas Žilvinas , Tamelis Algimantas
Published: January 2019

Kęstutis Adamonis, Dainius Pavalkis, Žilvinas Saladžinskas, Algimantas TamelisKMU Gastroenterologijos klinika, KMU Chirurgijos klinika
Šiuolaikis virškinimo trakto piktybinės obstrukcijos gydymas vis labiau tampa minimaliai invazinis. Ligoniai, sergantys storosios žarnos vėžiu, komplikuotu obstrukcija, į gydymo įstaigas patenka skubos tvarka, neretai sunkios būklės, ir nėra idealūs kandidatai chirurginei operacijai. Šiuolaikinėje medicinos literatūroje gausėja mokslinių straipsnių apie sėkmingą ir saugų endoskopiniu būdu įkišamų savaime išsiplečiančių metalinių stentų naudojimą proktologijoje. Nors stentai ir yra brangūs, tačiau proktologinis stentavimas yra rentabili procedūra, leidžianti ligoniams, sergantiems storosios žarnos vėžiu, komplikuotu ūminė storosios žarnos obstrukcija, išvengti neatidėliotinos operacijos, o esant nerezektabiliam vėžiui, – kolostomos. Straipsnyje aprašomas KMU Chirurgijos klinikoje atliktas pirmasis Lietuvoje sėkmingas endoskopinis ūminės žarnų obstrukcijos gydymas stentuojant žarnyną.
Prasminiai žodžiai: žarnyno obstrukcija, kolorektinis vėžys, endoskopija, stentavimas.
Acute colonic obstruction: endoscopical management
Kęstutis Adamonis, Dainius Pavalkis, Žilvinas Saladžinskas, Algimantas Tamelis
Management of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction presents a significant challenge. Most patients are in a profoundly decompensated state due to underlying malignancy and are not ideal candidates for invasive surgical procedures. In recent years, self-expandable metal stents have emerged as an effective and safe, less invasive alternative for the treatment of malignant intestinal obstruction. Although stents are expensive, the procedure appears to be cost-effective, since emergency surgery can be avoided in patients with acute bowel obstruction, and in those with advanced disease no resection of the colon is necessary. Here we report a retrospective analysis of a first self-expandable metal stent placed for colorectal obstruction at Kaunas Medical University Hospital, as well as review the literature published on self-expandable metal stent placement. Our first data confirm self-expandable metal stent efficacy in palliation of malignant intestinal obstruction.
Keywords: intestinal obstruction, colorectal cancer, endoscopy, endoluminal stenting.
Endoskopinių tyrimų reikšmė storosios žarnos vėžio ankstyvajai diagnostikai
Authors: Elsakov Pavel
Published: January 2019

Pavel ElsakovVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos institutas,Santariškių g. 1, LT-2021 VilniusEl paštas: e.jelsakova@vb.lt
Įvadas / tikslas
Ankstyvojo storosios žarnos vėžio diagnostika – viena opiausių problemų tiek Lietuvoje, tiek Vakarų šalyse. Šio darbo tikslas – įvertinti endoskopinių tyrimų reikšmę storosios žarnos vėžio ankstyvajai diagnostikai.
Metodai
Lietuvos onkologijos centre 1998–2000 metais, palyginti su 1995–1997 metais, kolonoskopuojamų simptominių ligonių skaičius padidėjo du kartus. Statistiniu metodu (santykine rizika RR) apskaičiavome kiekvieno storosios žarnos segmento C18.0; C18.2–7; C19; C20 (aklosios, gaubtinės žarnos, rektosigminės jungties, tiesiosios žarnos) ankstyvojo vėžio diagnostikos pokyčius.
Rezultatai
Lietuvos onkologijos centre, 1998–2000 metais, palyginti su 1995–1997 metais, dukart padidinus kolonoskopuojamų simptominių ligonių skaičių, ankstyvojo storosios žarnos vėžio diagnostika pagerėjo: rektosigminės jungties vėžio – 1,22 karto (RR = 1,22), aklosios žarnos – 1,47 karto (RR = 1,47).
Išvados
Kolonoskopuojamų simptominių pacientų skaičių padidinus dukart, I–II stadijos aklosios žarnos vėžio diagnostika pagerėjo 1,47 karto, rektosigminės jungties – 1,22 karto.
Prasminiai žodžiai: kolonoskopija, rektoskopija, ankstyvasis vėžys, santykinė rizika.
The value of endoscopical examinations for improving the early colorectal cancer diagnosis
Pavel Elsakov
Background
The early colorectal cancer diagnosis in Lithuania and West countries remain one of the general and important tasks.
Methods
At Lithuanian Oncology Center (LOC) in1998–2000 versus 1995–1997 the number of symptomatic patients examined by colonoscopy increased twice. For analysis of early colorectal cancer diagnosis we used the relative risk calculation method.
Results
In 1998–2000 versus 1995–1998, at LOC the early colon cancer diagnosis improved: cecum 1.47 times (RR = 1.47), rectosigmoid 1.22 (RR = 1.22). The early cancer diagnosis of rectum did not change, because did not change the number of patients examined by rectoscopy.
Conclusions
The twice as high number of symptomatic patients examined by colonoscopy improved diagnosis of early colon cancer, especially of its cecum (1.47 times) and colon rectosigmoid (1.22 times) forms.
Keywords: colonoscopy, rectoscopy, early cancer, relative risk.
Limfedemos diagnostika ir gydymas
Authors: Triponis Vytautas
Published: January 2019

Vytautas TriponisVilniaus universiteto Kraujagyslių chirurgijos centras,Antakalnio g. 57, LT-2040 VilniusEl paštas: vytautas.triponis@mf.vu.lt
Įvadas / tikslas
Straipsnyje apibendrinami literatūros apie galūnių edemą duomenys, atkreipiant dėmesį į pirminę ir antrinę limfedemą kaip mažiau žinomą galūnių edemos priežastį.
Rezultatai
Chirurgo praktikoje dažniausiai pasitaiko antrinė limfedema. Pirminė limfedema palyginti reta. Nors ji buvo laikoma įgimta, tačiau pastarųjų metų patirtis parodė, kad ji gali būti įgyta, pasireiškus limfagyslių idiopatinei obliteracijai jauniems individams. Gera antrinės limfedemos diagnostika padeda parinkti racionalų gydymo metodą. Pagrindiniai antrinės limfedemos diagnostikos metodai yra: anamnezė, apžiūra, limfoscintigrafija, limfografija, kompiuterinė tomografija, branduolinis magnetinis rezonansas. Gydoma limfos drenavimu, medikamentais, mikrochirurginėmis rekonstrukcinėmis operacijomis, limfagyslių ir limfmazgių dekompresija. Veninė edema šalinama chirurginiais būdais, kompresine terapija ir medikamentais, tačiau svarbiausias – antirefliuksinis gydymas.
Išvados
Prieš pradedant gydyti, būtina nustatyti galūnių edemos priežastį: diferencijuoti vietinę limfedemą nuo bendrinės, išsiaiškinti, ar edemos nesukėlė venų liga. Gydymo metodas parenkamas tik nustačius topinę diagnozę. Pagrindinis limfedemos gydymo būdas – limfos drenavimas fizinėmis priemonėmis ir antirefliuksinė terapija, kai edemą sukelia venų liga.
Prasminiai žodžiai: limfedema, lėtinis veninis nepakankamumas, konservatyvus ir chirurginis edemos gydymas
The diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema
Vytautas Triponis
Background / Objective
The article reviews the data on edema of the extremities emphasizing the primary and secondary lymphedema as less known entity in surgical practice.
Results
The secondary lymphedema is the most frequently encountered in surgical clinic. The primary lymphedema is rather rare. Though it was presumed to be congenital the recent experience has showed it to be acquired and caused by idiopathic fibrotic process in some young individuals. The adequate diagnostic methods of secondary lymphedema provide choosing the right option of treatment. The main diagnostic methods are the history and physical examination, lymphoscintigraphy, lymphoangiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging. The therapy includes manual lymphatic drainage, medicaments, microsurgical reconstructive procedures, decompression of lymphatic system. Venous edema is managed by surgical means, compression and by drug therapy antireflux methods being the most important.
Conclusions
Before starting treatment it is necessary to find out the cause of edema, distinguish generalized edema from local one and to make sure whether it was not caused by venous disease. The method of treatment have to be chosen only after topic diagnosis is established. The main treatment of lymphedema is manual lymphatic drainage and antireflux therapy in cases of venous disease.
Keywords: lymphedema, chronic venous insufficiency, conservative and surgical treatment of edema
Trumpa herniologijos istorija
Authors: Stanaitis Juozas
Published: January 2019

Juozas StanaitisVilniaus universiteto Bendrosios chirurgijos centras,Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinė ligoninė,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-2043 VilniusEl paštas: juozas.stanaitis@mf.vu.lt
Trumpai apžvelgiama išvaržų gydymo istorija pasaulinėje praktikoje ir Lietuvoje. Apžvelgiamas aloplastinių medžiagų atsiradimas ir naudojimas herniologijoje. Trumpai pristatoma laparoskopinės hernioplastikos istorija.
A short history of the herniology
Juozas Stanaitis
Short historical review about surgical hernia treatment in the world and in the Lithuania. History about most popular aloplastic materials in surgical treatment of groin hernia. Short history of a start in laparoscopic hernia treatment.