bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nurse’s clinical work: beyond chronic diseases
Authors: Matumoto Silvia , Manso Bruna Turaça da Silva
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: analisar um caso de atendimento clínico da enfermeira no nível de atenção primária à saúde (APS). Método: abordagem qualitativa que apresenta um recorte de pesquisa sobre a prática clínica da enfermeira na APS. Na etapa de apoio matricial participaram 3 enfermeiras de equipes de Saúde da Família. Elas realizaram reflexão sobre casos por elas atendidos, selecionados e narrados nos encontros de apoio, destacando-se o que as mobilizou, quais eram suas preocupações, o que pensaram no momento do atendimento e o que pensam no momento do relato do caso. Resultado: analisamos o caso de uma mulher com agravos crônicos em saúde mental, hipertensão, diabetes e obesidade que emergem ao longo de sua vida. A enfermeira se coloca em posição de escuta atenta e respeitosa, buscando o desenvolvimento da autonomia a partir da consciência da usuária sobre sua própria situação. Conclusão: conclui-se que a enfermeira tem ferramentas potentes para o acompanhamento longitudinal muito além da doença.
Epidemiological profile of hepatitis c patients: a descriptive study on a regional reference unit
Authors: De Oliveira Jacqueline Maldonado , Cardoso Maia Maria Ambrosina , Silva José de Paula , Andrade Raquel Dully , Fortuna Cinira Magali , De Queiroz Cleide Augusta
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico dos portadores de Hepatite C cadastrados em um Serviço de Referência Regional para Hepatites Virais no interior do Estado de Minas Gerais. Método: Estudo descritivo, documental, com análise quantitativa. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, com parecer n° 560.257.  Foram analisadas 128 fichas de notificação por hepatites virais no período de 2007 a julho de 2014. Resultados: 66% dos portadores são do sexo masculino de faixa etária entre 50 a 59 anos. 24,21% possui ensino fundamental completo e, 21,09% ensino superior completo. As exposições ao vírus mais relatadas pelos pacientes foram tratamento dentário (92,9%) e o uso de medicamentos injetáveis (67,9%). O genótipo 1 do vírus foi predominante seguido do genótipo 3. Conclusão: A maioria dos resultados encontrados pelo estudo condiz com o descrito na literatura. Acredita-se ser importante mais pesquisas nessa área.
Adequacy of nursing language to the practice with elderly residents in a long term psychiatric institution: cross mapping
Authors: Da Silva Tatiana Gomes , De Souza Priscilla Alfradique , Santana Rosimere Ferreira
Published: October 2015

Objetivo:mapear os termos livres dos registros de enfermagem e comparar com a classificação de Diagnósticos de Enfermagem. Método: Abordagem quantitativa, documental e retrospectiva, do tipo mapeamento cruzado. Com análise de 30 prontuários de idosas com doenças psiquiátricas, residentes em duas casas de longa duração. A coleta e análise dos dados ocorreram dos meses de agosto de 2013 a março de 2014 em quatro etapas Resultados: Diagnósticos com maior ocorrência foram: Autocontrole ineficaz de saúde; Deglutição prejudicada; Déficit no autocuidado para higiene íntima e banho; Mobilidade física prejudicada; Débito cardíaco diminuído; Perfusão tissular periférica ineficaz; Confusão crônica; Processos familiares disfuncionais; Dentição prejudicada e Risco de quedas. Esses relacionados tanto aos aspectos fisiológicos quanto biopsicossociais. Conclusão: Tais achados apontam para a complexidade e a integralidade do cuidado prestado no contexto da saúde mental, o uso de sistemas de classificação nesse contexto contribuirá para o avanço do conhecimento e a comparação dos achados.Descritores: Saúde do idoso, processos de enfermagem, saúde mental.
Promoting the mental health of health professionals
Authors: Silva Thiago Nogueira , Tavares Cláudia Mara de Melo , Da Fonseca Paula Isabella Marujo Nunes , Muniz Marcela Pimenta , De Paiva Laís Mariano , Augusto Verônica de Oliveira
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Identificar as demandas e principais medidas adotadas para a promoção da saúde mental de trabalhadores de saúde. Método:  Revisão integrativa, realizada no período de 01 a 25 de Agosto de 2014, a partir da biblioteca virtual em saúde nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e SciELO. Foram investigados artigos dos últimos 4 anos em português. Aplicados os critérios de inclusão, chegou-se a um total de 07 artigos.  Resultados: A promoção da saúde mental no trabalho torna-se de suma importância para se alcançar o equilíbrio emocional dos profissionais de saúde, bem como para se entender as causas de eventuais rompimentos deste equilíbrio. Conclusão: Registra-se a necessidade de se colocar em prática ações que promovam a saúde mental destes sujeitos.
Proposal for best practice guidelines on chemical exposure risk for nurses of a chemotherapy unit
Authors: Borges Giselle Gomes , Silvino Zenith Rosa , Dos Santos Lia Cristina Galvão
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: implantar um manual de boas práticas com a finalidade de minimizar a exposição ao risco químico pelos enfermeiros na Central de Quimioterapia (CQT) a partir do inquérito de Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP). Método: Quantitativa e descritiva do tipo inquérito CAP. Resultados: 25 participantes  (96,2%) consideram-se vulneráveis ao risco químico, o uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) é considerado por 76,9% como um cuidado para que ocorra o manuseio seguro dos quimioterápicos antineoplásicos (QA), quanto aos cuidados dispensados pelo instituto aos que manuseiam QA 53,8% citam os exames periódicos. Considerações Finais: Os profissionais que trabalham em CQT conhecem e consideram-se expostos ao risco químico. São necessárias intervenções para ampliar a adesão às medidas preventivas como o uso de EPI e subsídios com infraestrutura estratégica para a segurança do trabalhador. A confecção de um manual de boas práticas auxiliará aos enfermeiros a minimizarem à exposição ao risco.Descritores: Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas em saúde; Riscos químicos; Quimioterapia; Biossegurança; Enfermagem oncológica.
The distance-learning mode as a strategy in the heath professionals’ continuous improvement
Authors: Bones Ana Amélia Nascimento da Silva , Cazella Silvio César , Da Costa Márcia Rosa
Published: October 2015

Os profissionais da saúde têm sido sensibilizados a combater a epidemia pelo HIV através da implementação de tecnologias na sua prática. Objetivo: Discutir sobre o desenvolvimento de  um  Objeto de Aprendizagem para reflexão clínica da realização do teste rápido para HIV e sobre a necessidade da execução da educação permanente. Metodologia: Pesquisa de natureza aplicada, o método constitui-se em revisão de literatura e modelagem de comunidade virtual de aprendizagem. Resultados: em nota prévia, desenvolveu-se o objeto de aprendizagem sobre a abordagem dos usuários com o teste rápido positivo de HIV na atenção básica. O software exelearning foi priorizado devido à reutilização, à interoperabilidade e ao alinhamento da ação educacional com o perfil dos alunos. A expectativa é mapear as estratégias pedagógicas e refletir sobre a educação permanente em espaços coletivos de maneira articulada entre os atores. Conclusão: A padronização de conteúdos educacionais em EaD oportuniza atualização e reformulação das práxis.
Primer Drama - A Technical Education Product
Authors: Souza Marilei de Melo Tavares e , Tavares Claudia Mara de Melo , Gama Linda Nice , Passos Joanir Pereira
Published: October 2015

O presente artigo refere-se a uma estratégia de ensino que visa promover reflexão sobre o trabalho de enfermagem. A experiência constitui na cartilha inspirada em atividade de ensino com uso da dramatização, enquanto produto técnico-educativo. Objetivo: contribuir na formação de enfermeiros, com uso da dramatização como estratégia pedagógica para o processo ensino-aprendizagem. Método: pesquisa descritiva, com enfoque qualitativo dos dados, com uma perspectiva teórica sobre o uso da dramatização com estratégia de ensino. Resultado: compreende-se que o processo de análise da dramatização deve ser tomado pela expressão de sentidos de natureza coletiva, evitando-se análise de cunho individual. A interpretação deve respeitar os limites do tema pactuado com o grupo, valorizando-se a história e características locais do grupo. Conclusão: a cartilha dramatização enquanto produto técnico, numa perspectiva educativa contribui, pois favorece a promoção da saúde, atentando para o fato que é preciso incentivar a utilização da dramatização enquanto estratégia pedagógica na formação profissional em enfermagem
The student’s profile of professional master’s in health teaching
Authors: Ferreira Rejane Eleuterio , Tavares Claudia Mara de Melo Tavares Melo , Santos Gabriela Silva Santos Silva , Paiva Lais Mariano de Paiva Mariano , Lima Thainá Oliveira Lima Oliveira , Silva Thiago Nogueira Silva Nogueira
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos alunos do Mestrado Profissional de Ensino na Saúde (MPES). Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado na Escola de Enfermagem Aurora de Afonso Costa – UFF, em Niterói, no ano de 2013, a partir das fichas de inscrições dos alunos que cursam o MPES. Resultados: Ao analisar as fichas verificou-se que, os alunos não são tão jovens de idade e nem de profissão, possuem experiência profissional são em sua maioria do sexo feminino. Conclusão: O mestrado profissional tem aproximando a teoria da prática de profissionais com larga experiência de trabalho nos serviços de saúde, contribuindo com a sua transformação. Descritores: Educação de pós-graduação; Ensino; Pessoal de Saúde
Antiretroviral therapy: the association between knowledge and the compliance
Authors: De Andrade Moraes Danielle Chianca , De Oliveira Regina Célia , Salvador da Motta Maria Catarina , Cardoso Ferreira Luiz Oscar , Andrade Maria Sandra
Published: October 2015

Objetivo: Identificar a associação entre o conhecimento sobre a terapia antirretroviral e o nível de adesão ao tratamento de adultos em rede ambulatorial. Metodologia: Estudo transversal realizado na Região Agreste de Pernambuco, em 2013. Participaram 256 adultos em terapia antirretroviral. Utilizaram-se três instrumentos de coleta de dados. Para análise de comparação de variáveis qualitativas, utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Sendo aprovado pelo CEP do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz número 205.799 Resultados: 70,3% de pessoas com nível de adesão regular e baixa aos antirretrovirais e 84,8% com nível de conhecimento regular. Identificou-se associação significativa entre o nível de conhecimento e o nível de adesão a tratamento (p<0,001). Conclusão: O conhecimento sobre a TARV parece influenciar na adesão ao tratamento, sugerindo que os profissionais de saúde intensifiquem suas ações de educação em saúde envolvendo a temática. Recomenda-se que outros estudos sejam realizados. Descritores: Adesão à medicação, Conhecimento, Terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade, Antirretrovirais.
Empirical error functions for monthly mean Arctic sea‐ice drift
Authors: Sumata Hiroshi , Gerdes Rüdiger , Kauker Frank , Karcher Michael
Published: October 2015

Empirical error functions for six different low‐resolution Arctic sea‐ice drift products are presented on monthly time scales. To assess the error statistics of the Eulerian ice‐drift products, we use high‐resolution Lagrangian sea‐ice drift obtained from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. We processed the Lagrangian drift to Eulerian drift vectors and used them as a reference for the error assessment. Unlike sea‐ice buoy trajectory data traditionally used for that purpose, SAR offers a much larger number of data, which enable us to do a thorough assessment of the error statistics of the Eulerian products under different ice conditions. We find that the error statistics differ between the products and between the seasons. For some products, the error is dependent on ice drift speed, while for others, the error is rather dependent on ice concentration or on both. The summer ice drifts have roughly a 2 times larger error than the winter drifts, and show significant mean biases. The calculated empirical error functions allow us to derive uncertainty maps for the respective products. These maps can be used for model validation and data assimilation.
Everyday Life Cognitive Instability Predicts Simple Reaction Time Variability: Analysis of Reaction Time Distributions and Delta Plots
Authors: Steinborn Michael B. , Langner Robert , Flehmig Hagen C. , Huestegge Lynn
Published: October 2015

The goal of this study is to understand the interface between subjectively assessed and objectively measured attention functioning. To this end, we assessed both self‐report data using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and sustained‐attention performance using a low‐demand psychomotor vigilance task that required participants to respond to visual targets. Unlike previous studies, reliability of task performance was ensured, testing individuals twice within a retest interval of 1 week. Given that everyday life attentional lapse tendencies vary even in normal‐population samples, we asked whether there is a relationship with laboratory performance, in general and as a consequence of time on task (TOT). As a result, low (versus high) CFQ scorers were somewhat different in their average response speed but became particularly prone to lapsing during the task period, as reflected in standard measures of response‐speed variability as well as ex‐Gaussian parameters of distributional skewness. In conclusion, we argue that persistence to sustained demand might be an important aspect of construct validity that must be evoked by a manipulation of TOT, which may be useful for the evaluation of questionnaires in ecologically valid situations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimeric [Mo2S12]2− Cluster: A Molecular Analogue of MoS2 Edges for Superior Hydrogen‐Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Huang Zhongjie , Luo Wenjia , Ma Lu , Yu Mingzhe , Ren Xiaodi , He Mingfu , Polen Shane , Click Kevin , Garrett Benjamin , Lu Jun , Amine Khalil , Hadad Christopher , Chen Weilin , Asthagiri Aravind , Wu Yiying
Published: October 2015

Proton reduction is one of the most fundamental and important reactions in nature. MoS2 edges have been identified as the active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysis. Designing molecular mimics of MoS2 edge sites is an attractive strategy to understand the underlying catalytic mechanism of different edge sites and improve their activities. Herein we report a dimeric molecular analogue [Mo2S12]2−, as the smallest unit possessing both the terminal and bridging disulfide ligands. Our electrochemical tests show that [Mo2S12]2− is a superior heterogeneous HER catalyst under acidic conditions. Computations suggest that the bridging disulfide ligand of [Mo2S12]2− exhibits a hydrogen adsorption free energy near zero (−0.05 eV). This work helps shed light on the rational design of HER catalysts and biomimetics of hydrogen‐evolving enzymes.
Internal Oxidant‐Triggered Aerobic Oxygenation and Cyclization of Indoles under Copper Catalysis
Authors: Huang Huawen , Cai Jinhui , Ji Xiaochen , Xiao Fuhong , Chen Ya , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: October 2015

A concise synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5‐a]indole derivatives by copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxygenation and cyclization of indoles with oxime acetates is described. This protocol represents an elegant example of N‐1, C‐2, and C‐3 tri‐functionalization of indoles in one‐pot. Mechanistic studies indicate the reaction proceeds through a radical procedure. Oximes as an internal oxidant have been demonstrated to be a driver to initiate aerobic oxidation, which provides a new oxidative pattern for C‐H functionalization even with high atom‐ and step‐economy.
A Persistent 1,2‐Dihydrophosphasilene Adduct
Authors: Hansen Kerstin , Szilvási Tibor , Blom Burgert , Driess Matthias
Published: October 2015

The reaction of the arylchlorosilylene–NHC adduct ArSi(NHC)Cl [Ar=2,6‐Trip2‐C6H3; NHC=(MeC)2(NMe)2C] 1 with one molar equiv of LiPH2.dme (dme=1,2‐dimethoxyethane) affords the first 1,2‐dihydrophosphasilene adduct 2 (ArSi(NHC)(H)PH). The latter is labile in solution and can undergo head‐to‐tail dimerization to give [ArSi(H)PH]2 3 and “free” NHC. Further stabilization of 2 by complexation with {W(CO)5} affords the isolable 1,2‐dihydrophosphasilene–tungsten complex 4 [ArSi(NHC)(H)P(H)W(CO)5]. Additionally, the new 1‐silyl‐2‐hydrophosphasilene ArSi(NHC)(H)PSiMe3 5 could be synthesized and structurally characterized. DFT studies confirmed that the SiP bond in 2 and 4 is mostly zwitterionic with drastically decreased double‐bond character.
Angelman syndrome: A review highlighting musculoskeletal and anatomical aberrations
Authors: Sachdeva Rohit , Donkers Sarah J. , Kim Soo Y.
Published: October 2015

Angelman's syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopment disorder. The cause is a known abnormality involving the maternal inherited ubiquitin‐protein ligase (UBE3A) gene. Clinical characteristics universal to the disorder are well documented in the literature and include developmental delay, seizures, ataxia, altered tone, severely impaired speech and intellect, as well as an overall happy demeanor, frequent bouts of laughter, and hypermotoric behavior. Associated with this disorder are several musculoskeletal aberrations. To date, a review of case studies reporting on these musculoskeletal changes has not been carried out. Thus, the purpose of this paper was to provide an overview of the musculoskeletal changes present in individuals with AS. In our review of 21 case reports from 1965–2013, the most consistently reported anatomical changes were of the craniofacial region. These include microcephaly, brachycephaly, a palpable occipital groove, prognathism, and wide spaced teeth. Other musculoskeletal abnormalities less frequently reported in the literature include scoliosis, excessive lumbar lordosis, and pes planus. Given that the majority of the case reports reviewed was of young children, the possibility of underreporting musculoskeletal changes which may manifest in the later years of life may be present. Early diagnosis and interventions to minimize secondary complications are crucial to maintain quality of life. An overall multidisciplinary approach is emphasized to maximize developmental potential for these individuals. Future prospective studies that follow patients into adulthood are needed to better understand the prevalence and development of secondary musculoskeletal changes, which in turn can inform intervention techniques and preventative measures. Clin. Anat. 29:561–567, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Limit financial, legal risks by paying careful attention to key aspects of coaching contracts
Authors: Farha Darron C.
Published: October 2015

The failure to use the right wording and approach in contracts with athletics coaches can leave your college or university open to unnecessary financial, legal and public relations risks.
Xylene Isomerization in the Liquid Phase Using Large‐Pore Zeolites
Authors: Gonçalves Jonathan C. , Rodrigues Alírio E.
Published: October 2015

Three large‐pore zeolites, Beta with Si/Al ratios of 25 and 35 and Mordenite with an Si/Al ratio of 30, were studied in the conversion of o‐xylene at 493 K. Maximum conversion was achieved by the catalyst with the highest Si/Al ratio due to faster diffusion of the isomer inside the zeolite channels because of the lower acidity of the solid even with larger crystal size. A kinetic study was then carried out over this catalyst between 473 and 513 K in a batch reactor in the liquid phase. The activation energies obtained do not indicate the presence of diffusional constraints towards any isomer. Finally, the kinetic model obtained was simulated in a fixed‐bed reactor and compared to ZSM‐5 in the temperature range from 493 to 533 K. An increment in p‐xylene production of 20 % on average was obtained.
Chirality‐ and pH‐Controlled Supramolecular Isomerism in Cobalt Phosphonates and Its Impact on the Magnetic Behavior
Authors: Feng Jian‐Shen , Bao Song‐Song , Ren Min , Cai Zhong‐Sheng , Zheng Li‐Min
Published: October 2015

Two pairs of enantiomeric compounds with formulas (S)‐ or (R)‐Co3(ppap)2(4,4′‐bpy)2(H2O)2⋅4 H2O [(S)‐1 or (R)‐1], (S)‐ or (R)‐Co3(ppap)2(4,4′‐bpy)2(H2O)2⋅3 H2O [(S)‐ or (R)‐2), and related racemic compound Co3(ppap)2(4,4′‐bpy)2(H2O)2⋅4 H2O (rac‐3; 4,4′‐bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine, H3ppap=3‐phenyl‐2‐[(phosphonomethyl)amino]propanoic acid) are reported. Compounds 1 and rac‐3 show identical three‐dimensional framework structures, whereas compounds 2 have two‐dimensional layer structures. Compounds 1 and 2 are catenation isomers, formation of which is controlled solely by the pH of the reaction mixtures, whereas the formation of isomeric compounds 1 and rac‐3 is controlled purely by the chirality of the phosphonate ligand. The magnetic properties of fully dehydrated (S)‐1, (S)‐2, and rac‐3 are highly dependent on both structure and chirality.
In Situ Visualization of Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly in Organic Media by Super‐Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Boott Charlotte E. , Laine Romain F. , Mahou Pierre , Finnegan John R. , Leitao Erin M. , Webb Stephen E. D. , Kaminski Clemens F. , Manners Ian
Published: October 2015

Analytical methods that enable visualization of nanomaterials derived from solution self‐assembly processes in organic solvents are highly desirable. Herein, we demonstrate the use of stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) and single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) to map living crystallization‐driven block copolymer (BCP) self‐assembly in organic media at the sub‐diffraction scale. Four different dyes were successfully used for single‐colour super‐resolution imaging of the BCP nanostructures allowing micelle length distributions to be determined in situ. Dual‐colour SMLM imaging was used to measure and compare the rate of addition of red fluorescent BCP to the termini of green fluorescent seed micelles to generate block comicelles. Although well‐established for aqueous systems, the results highlight the potential of super‐resolution microscopy techniques for the interrogation of self‐assembly processes in organic media.
Dynamic Behavior of Clobazam on High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Chiral Stationary Phases
Authors: Sabia Rocchina , De Martino Michela , Cavazzini Alberto , Villani Claudio
Published: October 2015

Clobazam, a 1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2,4‐dione, is a chiral molecule because its ground state conformation features a nonplanar seven‐membered ring lacking reflection symmetry elements. The two conformational enantiomers of clobazam interconvert at room temperature by a simple ring‐flipping process. Variable temperature HPLC on the Pirkle type (R)‐N‐(3,5‐dinitronenzoyl)phenylglycine and (R,R)‐Whelk‐O1 chiral stationary phases (CSPs) allowed us to separate for the first time the conformational enantiomers of clobazam and to observe peak coalescence‐decoalescence phenomena due to concomitant separation and interconversion processes occurring on the same time scale. Clobazam showed temperature dependent dynamic high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles with interconversion plateaus on the two CSPs indicative of on‐column enantiomer interconversion. (enantiomerization) in the column temperature range between Tcol = 10°C and Tcol = 30°C, whereas on‐column interconversion was absent at temperature close to or lower than Tcol = 5°C. Computer simulation of exchange‐deformed HPLC profiles using a program based on the stochastic model yielded the apparent rate constants for the on‐column enantiomerization and the corresponding free energy activation barriers. At Tcol = 20°C the averaged enantiomerization barriers, ΔG‡, for clobazam were found in the range 21.08–21.53 kcal mol−1 on the two CSPs. The experimental dynamic chromatograms and the corresponding interconversion barriers reported in this article are consistent with the literature data measured by DNMR at higher temperatures and in different solvents. Chirality 28:17–21, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mesopore‐Promoted Transport in Microporous Materials
Authors: Schneider Daniel , Kondrashova Daria , Valiullin Rustem , Bunde Armin , Kärger Jörg
Published: October 2015

In addition to the respective pore space geometries, transport enhancement in hierarchical nanoporous materials may most decisively depend on the nature of the probe molecule under consideration. As a function of these two influences, mass transfer in hierarchical materials may follow quite different scenarios. Considering mass transfer enhancement by a network of mesopores within a microporous continuum, this work presents an approach to assess these influences quantitatively. The validity of this approach is tested by dynamic Monte Carlo simulations and by comparison with the results of diffusion measurements.
Does skin cancer screening save lives? A detailed analysis of mortality time trends in Schleswig‐Holstein and Germany
Authors: Stang Andreas , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

After a pilot study on skin cancer screening was performed between 2003 and 2004 in Schleswig‐Holstein, Germany, the country implemented what to the authors' knowledge is the first nationwide skin cancer screening program in the world in 2008. The objective of the current study was to provide details regarding mortality trends in Schleswig‐Holstein and Germany in relation to the screening.

METHODS

Annual age‐standardized mortality rates for skin melanoma (using the 10th Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems [ICD‐10] code C43) and malignant neoplasms of ill‐defined, secondary, and unspecified sites (ICD‐10 code C76‐C80) were analyzed. The European Standard population was used for age standardization. A bias analysis was performed to estimate the number of skin melanoma deaths that may have been incorrectly counted as ICD‐10 code C76‐C80 when the skin melanoma mortality declined in Schleswig‐Holstein.

RESULTS

The observed mortality decline in Schleswig‐Holstein 5 years after the pilot study was accompanied by a considerable increase in the number of deaths due to malignant neoplasms of ill‐defined, secondary, and unspecified sites (ICD‐10 code C76‐C80) that is not explainable by an increase in the incidence of these neoplasms. Incorrect assignment of 8 to 35 and 12 to 23 skin melanoma deaths per year among men and women, respectively, as ICD‐10 code C76‐C80 during 2007 through 2010 could explain the transient skin melanoma mortality decline observed in Schleswig‐Holstein. Five years after implementation of the program, the nationwide skin melanoma mortality increased (age‐standardized rate change of +0.4 per 100,000 person‐years [95% confidence interval, 0.2‐0.6] in men and +0.1 per 100,000 person‐years [95% confidence interval, ‐0.1 to 0.2] in women).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the current analyses raise doubts that the skin cancer screening program in Germany can reduce the skin cancer mortality rate, the authors do not believe the program should be immediately stopped. Further in‐depth evaluations are required. Cancer 2016;122:432–437. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Spin Noise Detection of Nuclear Hyperpolarization at 1.2 K
Authors: Pöschko Maria Theresia , Vuichoud Basile , Milani Jonas , Bornet Aurélien , Bechmann Matthias , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Jannin Sami , Müller Norbert
Published: October 2015

We report proton spin noise spectra of a hyperpolarized solid sample of commonly used “DNP (dynamic nuclear polarization) juice” containing TEMPOL (4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine N‐oxide) and irradiated by a microwave field at a temperature of 1.2 K in a magnetic field of 6.7 T. The line shapes of the spin noise power spectra are sensitive to the variation of the microwave irradiation frequency and change from dip to bump, when the electron Larmor frequency is crossed, which is shown to be in good accordance with theory by simulations. Small but significant deviations from these predictions are observed, which can be related to spin noise and radiation damping phenomena that have been reported in thermally polarized systems. The non‐linear dependence of the spin noise integral on nuclear polarization provides a means to monitor hyperpolarization semi‐quantitatively without any perturbation of the spin system by radio frequency irradiation.
Pharmacogenetic allele nomenclature: International workgroup recommendations for test result reporting
Authors: Kalman LV , Agúndez JAG , Appell M Lindqvist , Black JL , Bell GC , Boukouvala S , Bruckner C , Bruford E , Caudle K , Coulthard SA , Daly AK , Tredici AL Del , den Dunnen JT , Drozda K , Everts RE , Flockhart D , Freimuth RR , Gaedigk A , Hachad H , Hartshorne T , Ingelman‐Sundberg M , Klein TE , Lauschke VM , Maglott DR , McLeod HL , McMillin GA , Meyer UA , Müller DJ , Nickerson DA , Oetting WS , Pacanowski M , Pratt VM , Relling MV , Roberts A , Rubinstein WS , Sangkuhl K , Schwab M , Scott SA , Sim SC , Thirumaran RK , Toji LH , Tyndale RF , van Schaik RHN , Whirl‐Carrillo M , Yeo KTJ , Zanger UM
Published: October 2015

This article provides nomenclature recommendations developed by an international workgroup to increase transparency and standardization of pharmacogenetic (PGx) result reporting. Presently, sequence variants identified by PGx tests are described using different nomenclature systems. In addition, PGx analysis may detect different sets of variants for each gene, which can affect interpretation of results. This practice has caused confusion and may thereby impede the adoption of clinical PGx testing. Standardization is critical to move PGx forward.
Population genetic analyses are consistent with the introduction of Ceramium secundatum (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) to Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA
Authors: Bruce Meghann R. , Saunders Gary W.
Published: October 2015

During ongoing DNA barcode (COI‐5P) surveys of the macroalgal flora along the northwest Atlantic coast, we discovered a population of Ceramium secundatum in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. This species is regarded as common and widespread in the northeast Atlantic, ranging from Norway to Morocco, but until now has not been reported from the western Atlantic. Several lines of evidence suggest that C. secundatum may be introduced to Narragansett Bay: (1) despite extensive collecting, specimens have only been obtained from a limited geographic range in the northwest Atlantic; (2) three other nonindigenous seaweed species are reportedly introduced in this region, which is thought to be a consequence of shipping; and (3) this species is introduced to South Africa and New Zealand. To investigate this suspected introduction, we applied population genetic analyses (using the cox2‐3 spacer) to compare the Narragansett Bay C. secundatum population to native populations in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. Collectively, analyses of biogeographical and molecular data indicate that C. secundatum is likely introduced to Narragansett Bay. The implications of this discovery are discussed.
Vector Control Specialized for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
Authors: NAKAO NORIYA , AKATSU KAN
Published: October 2015

This paper proposes vector control specialized for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. Because it is a unipolar drive, a sinusoidal current with a dc offset is applied to each circuit instead of the conventional trapezoidal current. The current consists of dc and ac components which can be identified by their generation of a (virtual) rotor flux and rotating stator magnetic field, respectively. Thus, the vector control system can be developed in the same way as conventional ac machines. The proposed technique provides new mathematical models of SRMs on a rotating reference frame and achieves precise and fast torque response and advanced operations such as linear torque‐current control and maximum‐torque‐per‐ampere control. The vector control theory was verified through simulations and experiments.
Plasma Fluid Flow Behavior and Power Generation Characteristics in a High‐Temperature Inert Gas Plasma Faraday MHD Generator
Authors: TANAKA MANABU , MURAKAMI TOMOYUKI , OKUNO YOSHIHIRO
Published: October 2015

The plasma fluid flow behavior and power generation characteristics in a Faraday magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator using a high‐temperature inert gas (argon) plasma have been examined in a time‐dependent two‐dimensional numerical simulation. The inhomogeneous and unstable plasma at an inlet total temperature of 7000 K results in reductions and fluctuations in the output power. The plasma becomes homogeneous and stable as the inlet total temperature increases to 9000 K. One of the reasons for the suppression of ionization instability may be weakness of the dependency of the electrical conductivity on the electron number density, because the Coulomb collision of electrons becomes dominant during deviation from Saha equilibrium.
EPA's Fracking Fluids Report Could Help Stop Negative State Moves
Authors: Balzofiore Janine A.
Published: October 2015

For much of the 20th century, domestic oil and gas development regulation was left up to the states. In doing so, this policy ensured that, depending on the state's specific interests, each could pass regulations that it deemed appropriate to protect the environment while simultaneously bolstering oil and gas production. Although management has primarily remained in the hands of the states, the federal government is still very involved in the industry, passing public health–oriented regulations such as the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA), and administering such regulatory bodies as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to oversee production and recovery operations. For example, in constructing a well for the use of secondary recovery processes, oil and gas companies are subject to the CWA and oversight by OSHA, as well as Superfund regulations and the SDWA in the production phase.
Associations between statin use and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) risk and survival: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Ye Xibiao , Mneina Ayat , Johnston James B. , Mahmud Salaheddin M.
Published: October 2015

Evidence on the effect of statin use on non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is not clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to examine the associations between statin use and NHL risk and survival. We searched multiple literature sources up to October 2014 and identified 10 studies on the risk of diagnosis with NHL and 9 studies on survival. Random effects model was used to calculate pooled odds ratio (PORs) for risk and pooled hazard ratio (PHR) for survival. Heterogeneity among studies was examined using the Tau‐squared and the I‐squared (I2) tests. Statin use was associated with reduced risk for total NHL (POR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.99). Among statin users, there was a lower incidence risk for marginal zone lymphoma (POR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.31–0.94), but this was not observed for other types of NHL. However, statin use did not affect overall survival (PHR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.99–1.06) or event‐free survival (PHR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.87–1.12) in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. There is suggestive epidemiological evidence that statins decrease the risk of NHL, but they do not influence survival in NHL patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal timing for performing percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage and subsequent cholecystectomy for better management of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Yamada Kazunosuke , Yamashita Yuichi , Yamada Teppei , Takeno Shinsuke , Noritomi Tomoaki
Published: October 2015

Background

We aimed to clarify the appropriate timing for performing percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) and cholecystectomy, and the effect of PTGBD on surgical difficulty in acute cholecystitis patients.

Methods

We retrospectively examined 46 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after PTGBD for acute cholecystitis. We evaluated the duration from acute cholecystitis onset to PTGBD and the appropriate interval from PTGBD to elective LC. Intraoperative blood loss, operating time, rate of conversion to open surgery, and rate of severe adhesion were the objective and subjective measures.

Results

Based on the cut‐off value calculated using the Youden index, the group with a duration from acute cholecystitis onset to PTGBD of ≤73.5 h had a significantly shorter operating time (127.5 min vs. 180.0 min, P = 0.007), lower rate of severe adhesion (3/20 vs. 14/26, P = 0.007), and lower rate of conversion to open surgery (2/20 vs. 13/26, P = 0.004); moreover, the interval from PTGBD to elective LC did not significantly differ between these groups.

Conclusion

The most important predictor of successful LC following PTGBD for acute cholecystitis was a duration from acute cholecystitis onset to PTGBD of ≤73.5 h. Hence, PTGBD should be performed immediately in cases where early cholecystectomy is not indicated.
A simple and cost‐effective manual solid phase extraction method for the determination of nanomolar dissolved reactive phosphorus in aqueous samples
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Wang Shu , Yuan Dongxing , Ma Jian
Published: October 2015

Phosphate is a typical limiting nutrient in oligotrophic oceans and its concentration can be as low as the nanomolar level, especially in surface seawater. Different techniques for nanomolar level phosphate determination have been studied, most of which are automatic and high throughput methods based on flow analysis. However, these techniques need expensive commercial or laboratory‐made instruments, and experienced operators. This study reports an operationally convenient, sensitive and practical method for the determination of nanomolar dissolved reactive phosphorus in aqueous samples, based on classic phosphomolybdenum blue chemistry and solid phase extraction methodology. Under acidic conditions, the formed phosphomolybdenum blue can be preconcentrated on a hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance solid phase cartridge, eluted with 0.2 M NaOH, and detected at 700 nm after color recovery with the addition of more reagents. After optimization of the recovery reagents volumes, the effectiveness of the method was evaluated. This simple manual method is sensitive (detection limit of 3.0 nM using 50 mL sample, which can be lowered to ∼ 1 nM by preconcentrating more sample), reproducible (relative standard deviation of 2.6%, n = 81, with different operators), free of interferences from salinity (0–35), silicate (up to 200 μM) and arsenate (up to 100 nM) and suitable for different aqueous matrixes. The effects of a series of phosphorus‐containing compounds (n = 13) were evaluated, with more than half showing hydrolysis during the experiment. This method was applied to determine the phosphate concentration in samples collected from the Western Pacific.
Clinical and scientific perspectives on movement disorders: Stanley Fahn's contributions
Authors: Jankovic Joseph , Bressman Susan , Dauer William , Kang Un Jung
Published: October 2015

Dr. Stanley Fahn, the H. Houston Merritt Professor of Neurology and Director Emeritus of the Center for Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders at Columbia University, one of the founders of the field of movement disorders, was the first president of the Movement Disorders Society (subsequently renamed as the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society). Together with his friend and colleague, Professor David Marsden, he also served as the first co‐editor of the journal Movement Disorders. By emphasizing phenomenology as the key element in differentiating various hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders, Dr. Fahn drew attention to the clinical history and the power of observation in the diagnosis of movement disorders. Dr. Fahn had major influence on the development of classifications and assessments of various movement disorders and in organizing various research groups such as the Parkinson Study Group. As the founder and president of the World Parkinson Coalition and an organizer of the initial three World Parkinson Congresses, he has demonstrated his long‐standing commitment to the cause of including patients as partners. The primary goal and objective of this invited review is to highlight some of Dr. Fahn's most impactful scientific and clinical contributions to the understanding and treatment of Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and other movement disorders. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Risk of urinary retention after nerve‐sparing surgery for deep infiltrating endometriosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Resende José Anacleto Dutra , Cavalini Luciana Tricai , Crispi Claudio Peixoto , de Freitas Fonseca Marlon
Published: October 2015

Aims

Recently, nerve‐sparing (NS) techniques have been incorporated in surgeries for deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) to prevent urinary complications. Our aim was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the risk of urinary retention after NS surgery for DIE compared with classical (non‐NS) techniques.

Methods

Following the MOOSE guidelines for systematic reviews of observational studies, data were collected from published research articles that compared NS techniques with non‐NS techniques in DIE surgery, with regard to post‐operative urinary complications. Inclusion criteria: randomized clinical trials, intervention or observational (cohort and case‐control) studies assessing women who underwent surgery for painful DIE. Exclusion criteria: cancer surgery and women submitted to bladder or ureteral resections. The respective relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted and a forest plot was generated to show individual and combined estimates.

Results

Preliminarily, 1,270 potentially relevant studies were identified from which four studies were selected. A meta‐analysis was performed to assess the risk of urinary retention at discharge and 90 days after surgery. We found a common RR of 0.19 [95%CI: 0.03–1.17; (I2 = 50.20%; P = 0.09)] for need of self‐catheterization at discharge in the NS group in relation to the conventional technique. Based on two studies, common RR for persistent urinary retention (after 90 days) was 0.16 [95%CI: 0.03–0.84].

Conclusions

Our results suggest significant advantages of the NS technique when considering the RR of persistent urinary retention. Controlled studies evaluating the best approach to manage the urinary tract after complex surgery for DIE are needed. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:57–61, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Damping elastomer with broad temperature range based on irregular networks formed by end‐linking of hydroxyl‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Lu Xun , Tao Gang , Guo Jianhua , Jiang Hongwei
Published: October 2015

Irregular networks based on the condensation reaction of hydroxyl‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) with cross‐linkers were investigated. The networks have excellent damping properties in a wide temperature range utilizing the viscoelastic relaxation of the irregular network with dangling chains. NMR Cross‐link Density Spectroscopy was used to explore the weight fraction of pendant chains and elastic chains in the elastomer. The transverse relaxation time for the elastomer was studied to explore the influence of pendant chains. The effects of the structure of cross‐linkers and the molecular weight of precursors were studied in detail. Elastomers cross‐linked by tetra‐functional cross‐linker (TEOS) have higher damping properties than the elastomers cross‐linked by tri‐functional cross‐linkers (MTMS and OTMS). A damping elastomer based on irregular networks with effective damping (tanδ > 0.3) temperature range of more than 250°C (from lower than −60°C to 190°C) was prepared. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:97–102, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermoresponsive poly(ionic liquid): Controllable RAFT synthesis, thermoresponse, and application in dispersion RAFT polymerization
Authors: Liu Chonggao , Wang Shuang , Zhou Heng , Gao Chengqiang , Zhang Wangqing
Published: October 2015

The thermoresponsive poly(ionic liquid) of poly[1‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐3‐methylimidozolium tetrafluoroborate] trithiocarbonate (P[VBMI][BF4]‐TTC) showing the soluble‐to‐insoluble phase transition in the methanol/water mixture at the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) was synthesized by solution RAFT polymerization and the synthesized P[VBMI][BF4]‐TTC was employed as macro‐RAFT agent to mediate the RAFT polymerization under dispersion condition to afford the thermoresponsive diblock copolymer nanoparticles of poly[1‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐3‐methylimidozolium tetrafluoroborate]‐b‐polystyrene (P[VBMI][BF4]‐b‐PS). The controllable solution RAFT polymerization was achieved as indicated by the linearly increasing polymer molecular weight with the monomer conversion and the narrow molecular weight distribution. The P[VBMI][BF4]‐TTC macro‐RAFT agent mediated dispersion polymerization afforded the P[VBMI][BF4]‐b‐PS nanoparticles, the size of which was uncorrelated with the polymerization degree of the P[VBMI][BF4] block. Several parameters including the polymerization degree, the polymer concentration and the water content in the solvent of the methanol/water mixture were found to be correlated with the UCST of the poly(ionic liquid). The synthesized poly(ionic liquid) is believed to be a new thermos‐responsive polymer and will be useful in material science. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 945–954
Photo‐ and radioluminescence of Dy3+‐doped oxide glass with high‐Gd2O3 content
Authors: Pattanaboonmee Nakarin , Lertloypanyachai Prapon , Chewpraditkul Weerapong , Liu Wan , Chen Danping , Babin Vladimir , Beitlerova Alena , Nikl Martin
Published: October 2015

Dy3+‐doped oxide glass with 30 mol.% Gd2O3 content in the glass host was prepared by melt quenching under CO reducing atmosphere. The luminescence properties were investigated under UV and X‐ray excitation. The 4F9/2→6HJ (J = 15/2, 13/2, 11/2, and 9/2) luminescence was observed with intense blue (484 nm; 4F9/2→6H15/2) and yellow (576 nm; 4F9/2→6H13/2) emissions. Energy transfer from Gd3+ to Dy3+ ions was confirmed by photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra as well as photoluminescence decay measurements. The integral scintillation efficiency of 11% of Bi4Ge3O12 scintillator was obtained.
Question‐based innovations in strategy research methods
Authors: Arora Ashish , Gittelman Michelle , Kaplan Sarah , Lynch John , Mitchell Will , Siggelkow Nicolaj
Published: October 2015

This special issue is devoted to exploring new methods for addressing questions in strategic management. This introduction synthesizes the collective contribution of the articles for strategy research. The articles draw on methods from other fields, extending and adapting them to address strategy questions. The innovations provide new, different, or more nuanced measures and findings as compared to prior research. We conclude by discussing more general implications for scholarship in strategic management. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.