bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Nutritional Status and Mindful Eating of Elderly Individuals
Authors:   Faculty Of Health Science, Anadolu University, Sivri Dilek
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study, conducted between September-November 2021 with 234 elderly, aimed to assess nutritional status and mindful eating, as well as explore relationship between these factors.
Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) Synthesized from River Oak Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq.,1848 Leaf Extracts on Three Insects Species
Authors: Omar Saher T. , Ali Wand K.
Published: December 2024

Despite the widespread use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in various fields, there have been a growing number of reports regarding their toxicity. However, there is insufficient research available regarding the insecticidal effects of ZnO nanoparticles. Using leaves of the river oak tree (Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq., 1848), this study aimed to produce ZnO NPs utilizing a simple and eco-friendly biological process to evaluate the toxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor Fabricius, 1792), the superworm (Zophobas atratus Fabricius, 1775) and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst, 1797). The produced zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The laboratory study was conducted by feeding larvae with leaves immersed in a solution of different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The lethal effects of the nanoparticles on the three studied insects were recorded at different time intervals. The outcomes of the statistical analysis displayed important differences in the mean mortality rate according to the composition of the zinc particles and the insects. The highest overall average larval mortality rate was 31.6% among the studied insects with 51.40% being the overall average adult emergence success rate of the studied insect larvae. The LC50 values of the extracted zinc oxide nanoparticles from the used plant, on the other hand, showed varying effects on the mealworm larvae, with a value of 396.27 parts per million (ppm). While the values for the super worm larvae were 6760.83 ppm and that for the red flour beetle larvae the values were 977.23 ppm. These results suggested that the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from river oak tree leaves possess lethal properties against larvae and adults, making them an alternative to synthetic insecticides in insect control stages and environment friendly. Therefore, biologically derived zinc oxide nanoparticles can be used as a potential agent for insect control.
Physical and Electrochemical Characterization of Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Embedded with Polypyrrole/Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Mutashar Dhulfiqar S. , Saleh Wasan R. , Khalaf Ilham A. X
Published: December 2024

In this study, the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was modified, physical and electrochemical characterization were studied to be used in some biosensor applications. Using the drop-casting method, functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes, Polypyrrole, and gold nanoparticles (f-MWCNTs-AuNP-PPy) were efficiently coated on the surface of an ITO electrode. Fourier transform of infrared radiation (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were utilized to describe the microscopic structure and morphogenesis of the generated films at the ITO electrode's surface. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to assess the electroanalytical performance of electrodes after modification. The f-MWCNTs-AuNPs-PPy distribution on the ITO electrode was improved by studying the effect of adding gold nanoparticles and varying polymer concentrations on the film distribution. Electrodes were tested with bare ITO electrodes as well as electrodes modified with f-MWCNTs, f-MWCNTs-PPy, and f-MWCNTs-AuNPs-PPy. The results revealed that nanoparticles distributed on the surface of the modified electrode reduced its impedance by roughly 40% for f-MWCNTs, 75% for f-MWCNTs-PPy, and 95% for f-MWCNTs-PPy-AuNPs. The equivalent circuit was appropriately matched in three situations (f-MWCNTs, f-MWCNTs-PPy, and f-MWCNTs-PPy-AuNPs). The transmission line model, which shows the impedance sensitivity of a diffusion process was utilized to describe the film properties. Nanoparticles enhance electrochemical performance by increasing electrochemical active surface area and allowing electron transport from the redox probe (Ferrocene/ Ferrocenium) to the ITO electrode.
A Hybrid Approach for Efficiently Solving Multi-Criteria Scheduling Problems on a Single Machine
Authors: Neamah Nagham Muosa , Kalaf Bayda Atiya
Published: December 2024

The presented study investigates the scheduling regarding  jobs on a single machine. Each  job is processed with no interruptions and becomes available for processing at time 0. The aim is to find a processing order with regard to jobs, minimizing “multi-criteria and multi-objective” for two problems. The first problem considers the summation completion time , summation late work , and maximal tardiness , while the second problem considers the total completion time , total earliness , and maximum tardiness . In addition, a sub-problem is presented for each problem and denoted by 1//  and 1//  for the first and second problems, respectively, which is an NP-hard problem. Two meta-heuristics methods “particle swarm optimization (PSO) and bee algorithm (BA)” were applied to acquire the optimal or near-optimal solution. Meta-heuristics methods solve problems of up to  jobs. Finally, in an attempt to increase the overall search efficiency, a hybrid algorithm was created by combining two algorithms, a hybrid between  and  was created to create an alternative search method that incorporates the best properties that each method offers during problem-solving. Moreover, by comparing the performance of local search methods with a hybrid strategy, the hybrid strategy method outperforms BA and PSO. In addition, it can solve problems up to  jobs. Arithmetic results are calculated by coding (programming) algorithms using (MATLAB 2019a).
On Nano Ɽ-Space Application
Authors: Esmaeel R. B.
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a novel topological space named the nano Ɽ-space, which is based on the principles of nano topological spaces. Thus, the reconstruction of this space and their properties are demonstrated and explored, accompanied by illustrative examples to aid in understanding its nature. Furthermore, the investigation of the practical implications of the nano Ɽ-space through a series of case studies involving pediatric patients diagnosed with leukemia. Then, by examining the symptoms exhibited by these patients and their impact on the equivalence relations within the nano Ɽ-space, the elucidate the applied aspect of this novel topological framework. the findings indicate that the presence of unexplained bruises on the body emerges as a fundamental and indispensable symptom, allowing us to definitively diagnose the presence of leukemia in a patient.
Artificial Neural Network-Salp-Swarm Algorithm for Stock Price Prediction
Authors: Mustaffa Zuriani , Sulaiman Mohd Herwan , Aziz Azlan Abdul
Published: December 2024

Predicting stock prices is a challenging task due to the numerous factors that impact them. The dataset used for analyzing stock prices often displays complex patterns and high volatility, making the generation of accurate predictions difficult. To address these challenges, this study proposes a hybrid prediction model that combines the salp-swarm algorithm and the artificial neural network (SSA-ANN). The SSA is used to optimize the weights and biases in the ANN, resulting in more reliable and accurate predictions. Before training, the dataset is normalized using the min-max normalization technique to reduce the influence of noise. The effectiveness of the SSA-ANN model is evaluated using the Yahoo stock price dataset. The results show that the SSA-ANN model outperforms other models when applied to normalized data. Additionally, the SSA-ANN model is compared with other two hybrid models: the ANN optimized by the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA-ANN) and Moth-Flame Optimizer (MOA-ANN), as well as a single model, namely the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). The study’s findings indicate that the SSA-ANN model performs better in predicting the dataset based on the evaluation criteria used.
Performance Improvement for Weather Wireless Sensor Network by Mixed-Byte Compression Scheme
Authors: Al-Alak Saif
Published: December 2024

A Weather Wireless Sensor Network (WWSN) has many limitations related to node throughput (NT), node power (P), and node energy (E). To address the limitations of WWSN, a mixed-byte LZW scheme is proposed. Mixed-Byte reduces the size of the sensed data by merging every two readings of data from the sensor into a single byte. The merged bytes would be highly frequent, which made them appropriate for compression by the Lempel Ziv Welsh (LZW) scheme. The result shows that the proposed Mixed-Byte-LZW gives the best compression ratio (CR) (0.01) for humidity and the best saving compressing rate (SR) (99%) for humidity and pressure. The simulated result shows that the Mixed-Byte-LZW scheme gives the best NT (580 Kbps) for humidity, the highest power saving (PS) (15.98 Kw) for pressure, and the lowest E (0.39 Kj) for transferring humidity data.
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Studies, and Antioxidant Activities of Azo Dye[2-[(3-Hydroxyphenyl)diazinyl]-1,2-Benzothiazol-3(2H)-one-1,1-Dioxide]and Metal Ion Complexes
Authors: SH. H. Fatimah Al-zahraa , Al-Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih
Published: December 2024

The new azo dye was synthesized via the reaction of the diazonium salt form of 3-aminophenol with 2-hydroxyquinoline. This dye was then used to access a series of complexes with the chlorides of manganese, iron, zinc, cadmium, and vanadium sulfate. The prepared ligand and its complexes were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter, and microelemental analysis. Conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, metal content, and chlorine content of the complexes were also measured. The ligand and cadmium complex were identified using1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that the shape of the ligand is a trigonal planner, and the complex shapes are tetrahedral, except for vanadium, which isa square-based pyramid. Additionally, the findings demonstrated that the complexes include water inside the coordination field and that each and every one of them is a non-electrolyte. The dye used the complexes prepared from it to determine their ability to inhibit free radicals by measuring their ability as antioxidants using DPPH as a free radical.D-ascorbic acid was employed as a standard substance in determining the value of IC50, as it was found that the ligand had a high ability to inhibit free radicals. The ability to inhibit the complexes varied according to the value of IC50, and the results are as follows: H2L ˃ D-ascorbic acid ˃Zn-complex ˃Fe-complex ˃ V-complex ˃Cd-complex ˃ Mn-complex.
Atopic dermatitis: Best of guidelines and yardstick
Authors: Boguniewicz Mark
Published: December 2024

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder is characterized by a complex pathology with skin-barrier abnormalities, immune dysregulation, and microbial dysbiosis. Patients’ quality of life is often negatively impacted by persistent
pruritus, sleep disturbance, and recurrent skin infections. In addition, patients may have comorbid atopic as well as nonatopic diseases. Objective: The objective was to help clinicians better manage AD by using new therapies and new indications, including a topical (Janus
kinase [JAK]) inhibitor as well as monoclonal antibodies and oral JAK inhibitors, have been approved for AD. Methods: This review presents highlights from the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology AD Yardstick Update, which incorporates Expert Commentary, and
from the Joint Task Force (JTF) AD 2023 Guidelines that use Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Results: Practical pearls from the AD Yardstick Update Expert Commentary are presented, along with results from systematic reviews
and meta-analyses that addressed specific recommendations on the role of (1) dilute bleach baths, (2) dietary avoidance and/or elimination diets, (3) allergen immunotherapy, (4) topical treatments, and (5) systemic treatments, informing the JTF 2023 AD Guidelines. These guidelines are noteworthy
for addressing patient values and preferences. Conclusion: The AD Yardstick Update Expert Commentary and JTF 2023 AD Guidelines provide timely, practical, and trustworthy information to help clinicians manage patients with AD.
Conselho sem cor: intersecções de gênero/raça nos Conselhos de Controle Social - Sul da Bahia
Authors: Fernandes Micaela Souza dos Santos , Almeida Cíntia Borges de , Taffarel Celi Nelza Zulke
Published: December 2024

O estudo problematiza a omissão de dados sobre a participação de mulheres negras nos Conselhos de Acompanhamento e Controle Social do Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação, refletindo sobre o racismo estrutural no Brasil e o comprometimento na falta da visibilidade das maiorias minorizadas e/ou minorias étnicas e raciais em espaços de decisão. O objetivo é investigar a representatividade de pessoas negras e mulheres no Sistema de Informação do Conselho de Acompanhamento e Controle Social do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação nos municípios do sul da Bahia. Metodologicamente, analisaram-se documentos como atas, regimentos e leis municipais, estaduais e federais. No debate teórico, discutiram-se a análise dos dados e de políticas em diálogo com Gohn (2006); o racismo estrutural a partir de Almeida (2019) e Gomes (2019); e a interseccionalidade por Crenshaw (2004). Apesar de avanços, como a maior participação feminina, inclusive nas presidências, as informações sobre cor/raça e gênero são praticamente inexistentes. Essa lacuna dificulta a análise da interseccionalidade e reforça a necessidade de fomentar o debate teórico e a denunciar o racismo implícito na estrutura do sistema.
Meritocracy in Public Sector Governance: Challenges And Policy Solutions in Ogan Komering Ulu
Authors: Dwiputrianti Septiana , Utama Aditya Bima Hendra , Listiani Teni , Rahman Abdul
Published: December 2024

Toward implementing a meritocratic approach in public sector management, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency faces critical challenges in adopting a merit-based system for managing civil servants (ASN). This study explores the policy application and obstacles in achieving meritocracy within the local government context. Employing a qualitative methodology, including in-depth interviews and document analysis, the research identifies key issues in the system's implementation. Findings indicate that despite efforts to establish fair and competency-based management, several challenges persist, such as limited resources, political influence, and gaps in stakeholders' understanding. These factors hinder the full adoption of the merit system, affecting the effectiveness and professionalism of public administration. The study suggests that for optimal implementation, local governments need to bolster strategic leadership, allocate adequate resources, and continuously enhance civil servants' capacity through training and development initiatives. This research contributes to the discourse on meritocracy in public administration, offering insights into necessary improvements to promote fair and transparent governance based on merit.
Avaliação da microbiota intestinal e uso de probióticos na doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Rosa Janaína Carla Parizotto da , Lopes Isadora Goldbaum Calil , Rainieri Amanda Letícia , Cardoso Renato Daniel Ramalho , Lage Paula Souza
Published: December 2024

Introdução: Doença de Alzheimer é uma doença decorrente de processo neurodegenerativo que se manifesta por perdas cognitivas, em particular da memória episódica e da aprendizagem. Por ser um transtorno neurocognitivo que afeta a memória, pensamento e comportamento, é a causa mais comum de demência e apresentam um impacto significativo nas atividades diárias, com alta morbidade e mortalidade. A microbiota intestinal desempenha um papel importante na regulação das funções e do comportamento cerebral, por meio do eixo microbiota-intestino-cérebro. Diversos estudos têm demonstrado uma correlação entre a desregulação da microbiota intestinal e doenças neurodegenerativas. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar o envolvimento da microbiota intestinal e a relação dos probióticos na Doença de Alzheimer. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura e selecionados artigos publicados de revistas indexadas nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine/NLM (MEDLINE) e National Library of Medicine/NLM (PUBMED). Resultados: Os estudos avaliados demonstraram uma relação positiva da microbiota intestinal no desenvolvimento ou progressão da Doença de Alzheimer e embora existam poucos ensaios clínicos avaliando o efeito do consumo de probióticos em humanos com Doença de Alzheimer, os resultados encontrados até o momento indicam que a suplementação com probióticos possuem contribuição benéficas, como uma diminuição do processo inflamatório e da progressão da doença em questão. Conclusão: A microbiota intestinal pode ser influenciada por probióticos em pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer, trazendo melhoras cognitivas e comportamentais, melhorando assim a qualidade de vida desses pacientes.
20 anos do curso de filosofia da UERN em Caicó e o perfil dos próximos 20 anos:
Authors: Araújo Silva Marcos Érico de
Published: December 2024

O artigo é a partilha do alimento para a festa do pensar celebrativo dos 20 anos do curso de filosofia da UERN em Caicó, ocorrido no ano de 2022. Na língua alemã os verbos pensar (Denken) e agradecer (Danken) têm a mesma proveniência. O pensar do filósofo-pensador tem uma marca, um estigma que marca e demarca, neste ofício, uma peculiaridade e especificidade. É o próprio do filosofar do filósofo-pensador. Um pensar típico, arché-típico, de filósofo. Um pensar (Denken) que se constitui num agradecer (Danken) ao refletir (ge-denken), ao re-cordar (einge-denken), quer dizer, ao trazer ao coração ou ao pensar a memória (An-denken) do Ser que banha ou batiza de sentido o ente, a realidade. “Pois questionar é a piedade do pensamento” (Heidegger, 2006, p. 38). Esse modo de pensar, esse jeito todo próprio de questionamento é seu cacoete, a mandinga do filósofo-pensador. Nesses 20 anos de curso o perfil que se consolidou, em nosso Departamento, foi o ensino de filosofia. Para os próximos 20 anos, em 2042, julgo que celebraremos outro perfil do Departamento, coexistindo com o ensino de filosofia, como sendo a consolidação de pesquisas em outras áreas da filosofia nela mesma.
Utilizing Intranasal Drug Delivery Systems for Novel Antipsychotics Drug Development
Authors: A Ainurofiq , FAP Priyanto , BT Suryadi , YK Pamungkas
Published: December 2024

Psychotic illnesses are significant symptoms of various mental disorders, including psychotic depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The high incidence of psychotic illness can be attributed to several factors, including low patient compliance stemming from limitations in antipsychotic treatments. Antipsychotics are pharmacological therapies used to manage psychotic disorders, addressing acute episodes and preventing relapses. However, these drugs often exhibit limited physicochemical properties, suboptimal pharmacokinetic profiles, low bioavailability, and insufficient solubility, which hinder their ability go through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The traditional dosage forms and routes of administration, primarily oral and injectable also pose further challenges. The intranasal delivery system offers a promising alternative to overcome these limitations by facilitating drug administration through the nasal cavity, allowing for quick uptake into the bloodstream while circumventing enzymatic degradation and first-pass metabolism associated with oral routes. The intranasal route can achieve significant drug concentrations in the brain without interference from the BBB, increasing bioavailability and enabling a rapid onset of pharmacological effects at lower doses and frequencies than oral medications. Nonetheless, anatomical, physiological, histological challenges as well as the fundamental processes involved in drug uptake via the nasal epithelium complicate systemic and brain distribution. The effectiveness of intranasal antipsychotic formulations can be improved through different drug delivery systems (DDS) such as nanoparticles, liposomes, nanogels, and other nanocarriers that help transport the drugs from the nasal cavity to the brain.
Pharmacological Screening of Some Novel 3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazoles Derivatives of Dibromochalcones
Authors: V Kumar , CMMP Rao .
Published: December 2024

Background: The preparation of some novel 3, 5-disubstituted isoxazole derivatives of dibromochalcones is encouraged by the study. When hydroxylamine hydrochloride and α-β chalcone dibromide combine, a new technique for synthesizing 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles is produced. Bromine or N-BromoSuccinimide can be used to produce compounds with low polarity like carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and dichloromethane; however the product obtained are very little. Tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBABr3), thus, induces chalcones to bromate regioselectively and produces a high yield without polymerisation. TBABr3 is not toxic or corrosive, unlike bromine, and it is simple to utilise in mild circumstances. Tetrabutyl ammonium bromide and sodium bromide are dissolved in an aqueous solution at room temperature, then hydrobromic acid is added to create TBABr3.Motivated by the aforementioned information, we intended to create further isoxazole derivatives and assess their ability to reduce inflammation. Focused on a range of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole derivatives of α-β dibromochalcones, the current study was created by reacting α-β dibromochalcones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Methods: Tetrabutyl Ammonium Tribromide (TBABr3) was used to react with the corresponding chalcones to produce a high yield of α-β dibromochalcones that are regioselectively brominated without polymerisation. After this characterization, antioxidant and pharmacological qualities were assessed. Results: Many 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles were created by reacting hydroxylamine hydrochloride with chalcone dibromides. The substances were all characterized using elemental analysis, NMR, and IR. The product's infrared spectra revealed that the carbonyl group's peak at 1680 cm–1 was absent. A strong singlet at δ = 8.1 ppm was seen in the 1H NMR spectra. This single proton corresponded to the C (3)-H of the isoxazole ring. The ability of antioxidants to scavenge free radicals was assessed using DPPH. Conclusion: Comparing the compounds V5I5 and V7I7 to the standard, they showed modest antioxidant activity. When the synthetic compounds were evaluated for their pharmacological activities, substances V2I2 and V4I4 outperformed the reference.
Effect of Phytoestrogens in Red Bean Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Levels, Vaginal pH, Number of Endometrial Glands and Body Weight of Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with Ovariectomy as a Menopause Model
Authors: WP Maharani , LD Andriani , NR Putri , E Norahmawati , DS Wardani
Published: December 2024

Menopause, caused by decreased ovarian function and estrogen levels, can cause a variety of physical and emotional symptoms. A decrease in estrogen increases the risk of chronic conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Atrophy of the endometrium decreased glandular numbers and thinning of the endometrial layer are characterized during menopause, which also increases the risk of postmenopausal bleeding. In addition, the decrease in estrogen also contributes to the thinning of the vaginal epithelium and changes in pH, increasing the risk of vaginal infections. Menopause is also associated with weight changes and the risk of other phenotypic changes. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can help, it has risks, such as breast cancer. The use of phytoestrogens from plants such as red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is a safe alternative treatment. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of red bean extract (P. vulgaris L) on IL-6 levels, vaginal pH, number of endometrial glands and body weight in male rats model of menopause Method: This study used a true experimental design with pre and post-test control group design. This study was conducted on female rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain menopausal model by dividing into control groups; ovariectomy group, standard estradiol treatment group, and three treatment groups of red bean extract (P. vulgaris L) at doses of 35 mg/200 gBW, 70 mg/200 gBW, and 140 mg/200 gBW. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, vaginal pH, number of endometrial glands and rat body weight were observed in the study. Result: Red bean extract (P. vulgaris L) can significantly improve IL-6 levels, vaginal ph, number of endometrial glands and body weight of rats with menopausal models (p < 0.05). In lowering IL-6 levels, the most optimal dose is 70 mg/200 gBW. While in improving the vaginal ph value, number of endometrial glands, and body weight of rats with an optimal menopausal model at a dose of 140 mg/200 gBW. Conclusions: Red bean extract showed significant estrogenic activity as a phytoestrogen, showing that its use can be an alternative in overcoming symptoms due to menopause by being proven to reduce IL-6 levels, lower vaginal pH, increase the number of endometrial glands and reduce weight ovariectomy rats
Nanoniosomes Loaded with Catechin for Anticancer Activity on Hepatoma HepG2 Cells
Authors: S Devne , V Kashikar , S Dhole . , J Jawale
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on formulation and assessment of catechin-loaded nanoniosomes and their cytotoxicity against HepG2 hepatoma cells. Catechin, a natural antioxidant with potential anticancer properties, has limited clinical use due to its poor bioavailability and stability. Using thin-film hydration approach, nanoniosomes were produced and characterised for encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential in order to address these obstacles. cytotoxic activity of catechin-loaded nanoniosomes was assessed on HepG2 cells using MTT assay, and results were compared to free catechin and the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. The nanoniosomes demonstrated improved encapsulation efficiency and sustained release properties. Furthermore, catechin-loaded nanoniosomes exhibited significantly enhanced cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells compared to free catechin, and cisplatin. This study highlights the potential of nanoniosomal systems in improving the therapeutic efficacy of catechin for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
Formulation and Evaluation of Mucoadhasive Tablets by using Thiolated Cassia sophera Seed Polysaccharide as A Bioadhasive Material
Authors: H Bhandari , R Wagh
Published: December 2024

Objective of current investigation is extraction and chemical modification of seed polysaccharide from seeds of Cassia sophera. Isolated and modified polysaccharide was evaluated for phytochemical investigation, degree of thiol group substitution, FTIR, DSC, XRD, Zeta Potential. Ondansetron hydrochloride, was selected for formulation of mucoadhesive buccal tablet consisting natural and thiolated seed polysaccharide. The study investigated the physicochemical characteristics of extracted and modified seed polysaccharide as a suitable mucoadhesive agent When comparing modified and untreated tablets, the ones with the strongest mucoadhesive strength were those whose concentrations of modified polymer rose with time. Mucoadhesive ondansetron tablets are made in this study by using thiolated Cassia sophera to treat emesis. The formulation has been manufactured successfully and exhibits optimal drug release to yield the intended therapeutic effects.
Neuroprotective Activity of Flavonoids from Peperomia pellucida by Invitro and Insilico Studies
Authors: PM Ancy , M M Sumithra
Published: December 2024

Introduction: One of the neurodegenerative disorders that causes irreversible mild cognitive impairment is Alzheimer's disease(AD). As AD becomes more prevalent, the need for the development of innovative technologies and medications to prevent and treat neurodegeneration becomes increasingly critical. The plant Peperomia pellucida possesses neuroprotective properties.
Material & Methods: Invitro Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity performed in Peperomia pellucida extract and insilico evaluations conducted using online tools such as Autodock, PASS, Swiss ADME, and ProTox-II.
Result: Peperomia pellucida ethanolic extract inhibits cholinesterase more effectively than other extracts, according to the present invitro investigation. Acacetin, Isovitexin, and Apigenin are the significant flavonoids found in Peperomia pellucida. The effectiveness of these flavonoids against Alzheimer's disease was proven by insilico and toxicity profile studies.
Conclusion: Acacetin and Apigenin exhibit comparable docking scores to Isovitexin, whereas the former demonstrates superior results in ADME parameters and safety. The potential therapeutic applications of flavonoid constituents derived from Peperomia pellucida for Alzheimer's disease are underscored in this work.
Optimization of Spray-Dried Co-Processed Excipients Using Design of Experiments: A Mixture Design Approach
Authors: AP Kusuma . , Y Syukri , RF Sholehuddin , AN Fazzri , . Romdhonah
Published: December 2024

Co-processed excipient (CPE) are widely recognized for their ability to enhance the functional properties of pharmaceutical formulations, providing superior performance compared to unprocessed physical mixtures. They improve flowability and compactibility when combined with active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). In this study, Design of Experiments (DoE) was employed to revisit the spray-dried production of CPEs composed of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose (LAC), and povidone (POV). The responses evaluated were compressibility index (CI), hardness, yield, and moisture content (MC). A mixture design was utilized to assess the interactions between these excipients and their effects on the responses, with response surface methodology (RSM) used to model the data via Design-Expert software. The optimization process identified an optimal formulation composed of 90% MCC and 10% POV, achieving a hardness value of 7.39 kgf, CI of 30.37%, MC of 3.73%, and a yield of 57.97%. This study demonstrates that DoE can be effectively utilized to develop promising CPE formulations.
Development and In-Vitro Characterization of Gentamycin Sulphate Nanoemulgel for Ophthalmic Applications
Authors: S Mandal , AP Singh .
Published: December 2024

This work investigates the optimization of nanoemulgel by analyzing their viscosity and spreadability properties. The findings demonstrate a negative association between the concentration of the polymer and the spreadability, while the viscosity rises with an increase in the polymer content. As an example, formulation F1 exhibited a viscosity of 62,035 ± 10 mPa•S and a notable spreadability value of 38 ± 1. In contrast, formulations F3 and F4, which had viscosities of 92,345 ± 9 and 97,654 ± 10 mPa•S, respectively, showed insufficient capacity to spread. The improved formulation, F2, had an ideal viscosity of 66,098 ± 6 mPa•S and outstanding spreadability of 37 ± 1. Carbopol 974 and other gelling agents have a substantial impact on the physical properties of nanoemulgels, such as their texture, ability to stick to surfaces, ability to expand, and how they release drugs. The compatibility between the essential oils and the formulation was confirmed using FTIR analysis, which maintained the individual peaks of the components without any interactions.
The drug content study showed that cinnamon oil had a high incorporation efficiency of 95.20 ± 1.5%, whereas olive oil had an incorporation efficiency of 93.32 ± 2.6%. The entrapment efficiencies were remarkable, averaging 96.23% for cinnamaldehyde and 97.78% for olive oil. In in vitro release tests, Franz diffusion cells demonstrated sustained release characteristics for both oils over a 24-hour period. The nanoemulgel's mucoadhesive strength, quantified at 41.3 N/cm², ensures prolonged adherence to mucosal surfaces, facilitating the efficient administration of medications. The stability trials done over a three-month period at varied temperatures and humidity levels proved the formulation's durability. These experiments did not lead to any significant alterations in the drug release patterns or physical attributes. These results highlight the capability of nanoemulgel that have been tuned for the administration of topical medications.
Comprehensive Pharmacognostic Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties in Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extracts: Implications for Therapeutic Applications in Traditional and Modern Medicine
Authors: G Sharma , V Kumar , P Sharma
Published: December 2024

Ginkgo biloba leaves contain flavonoids, terpenoids, bioflavonoids, organic acids, polyprenols, ginkgolides, and bilobalides, among other active chemical constituents. The plant's many therapeutic qualities, such as its antioxidative, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective qualities, are attributed to these constituents. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive pharmacognosy analysis, including the classification of primary and secondary metabolites, as well as HPTLC screening of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts. Pharmacognosy analysis was perform according to methodology mention drafted by, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India, New Delhi. Upon microscopic examination, the structural makeup of the Ginkgo biloba leaf was found to include calcium oxalate, starch grains, sclereids, long fibers, and spiral tracheids. Physiochemical analyses revealed that the sample contained earthy materials and inorganic salts, with a moisture content of 11.29% and water and alcoholsoluble extract was 18.53% and 16.52% was found. The Ginkgo biloba leaf contained primary metabolites (carbohydrates and proteins) as well as secondary metabolites (alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and phenolic substances), according to qualitative phytochemical testing. In HPTLC screening maximum five chemical constituents are separated multiple wavelengths. The phenolic content of the Ginkgo biloba leaf was determined to be 789.94±61.07 (mg GAE per hundred 100 gram dry extract) and the flavonoid content was 6.59±0.91 (mg of quercetin equivalent per hundred gram dry extract). These results highlight the Ginkgo biloba leaf's complex composition and the existence of beneficial bioactive substances including flavonoids and phenols, which may support plant defense mechanism and have potential health benefits.
Nanoformulation: Theranostic Strategies for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: S Srivastava , S Saha , V Jakhmola .
Published: December 2024

Theranostic polymeric nanoparticles (TPNs) are an advanced and very promising method for both diagnosing and treating cancer. They integrate both therapeutic and diagnostic functionalities into a single platform. This study evaluates the most recent advancements in Total Parenteral Nutrition, focusing on innovative designs and strategies, as well as the findings from case studies and clinical trials. We performed a comparative analysis of Total Parenteral Nutrition and traditional methods, highlighting their improved compatibility with living organisms, accurate dispersion, and reduced overall toxicity. Despite the advantages mentioned, there remain persistent challenges in the form of technical and clinical limitations, regulatory barriers, and ethical considerations. The proposed future study attempts to address these issues and enhance the efficacy and use of TPNs in the area of cancer.
A Comprehensive Review on Ozenoxacin Cream for Treatment of Impetigo
Authors: . Deepika , RPS Rathore
Published: December 2024

A frequent bacterial skin infection in youngsters is impetigo. In contrast to other quinolones like levofloxacin, nadifloxacin, and ofloxacin, ozenoxacin exhibits lower minimum inhibitory concentrations and better antibacterial activity. Because of its limited systemic absorption and lack of known drug interactions, ozenoxacin is notable for not activating cytochrome P450 enzymes in vitro. Despite being a relatively new antibacterial agent, ozenoxacin has been used in clinical settings. To shed light on its efficacy in patients, a meta-analysis has not yet been completed. The purpose of this meta-analysis and systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of ozenoxacin in treating impetigo, specifically when applied as a 1% topical cream.
Recent Advancements in Nasal Drug Delivery Devices
Authors: MM Desai . , PD Patil , SA Jadhav , AA Koparde
Published: December 2024

When it comes to external application for localized ailments of the paranasal sinuses and nose, like sinusitis rhinitis with allergic and non-allergic origins, nasal administration makes the most sense. Additionally, the nose is thought to be a desirable delivery mechanism for systemic drugs and needle-free vaccinations, particularly when quick absorption and effectiveness are required. Furthermore, while nasal administration circumvents the liver's first-pass metabolism, it may assist resolve issues related to low systemic availability, delayed intestinal absorption, drug destabilization, and GI adverse outcomes. However, it's crucial to remember that the nasal passage’s primary function is to protect sensitive lungs since dangerous environmental factors, in order to avoid to act as a delivery system for medications as well as vaccinations, while thinking about nasal delivery mechanisms and devices. In addition to improving olfaction, optimizing the small nasal valve, along with the intricately complex nose structure and its cyclical and dynamic physiological change, facilitates effective conditioning and purification of inspired air, while also enabling exchange of gas and fluid retention occurring during exhalation. Nevertheless, such operational aspects possible obstacles to effective nasal medication delivery are frequently overlooked. In light of this, the benefits and drawbacks of both current and upcoming devices nasal transport as well as diffusion technologies are examined, by an emphasis upon how well they operate in clinical settings. The FDA guidance for nasal spray pumps and pressurized aerosols (pressurized metered-dose inhalers- pMDIs) intended for localized act is examined, along with the function and constraints of the in vitro testing. Furthermore, computer simulations of nasal airflow as well as deposition using nasal cast investigations have demonstrated their prognostic potential and clinical relevance. Software for computer fluid dynamics is briefly reviewed. More detail is provided on novel as well as developing drug delivery methods and devices, along a focus upon Bi-Directional TM delivery is an unique idea for nasal distribution which may be tailored toward a range of dispersion technologies.
Design and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Anti-Hypertensive Poorly Soluble Drug through 23 Factorial Designs
Authors: SND Chandra , A Bharathi , SBAV Suresh , P Shabana
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to improve the anti-hypertensive effect of telmisartan fast-dissolving tablets by formulating them with a synthetic superdisintegrant. The effects of three factors—SH [A], SSG [B], and CCS [C] on dependent variables like the in vitro method, water absorption, and percent drug release at 10 minutes were investigated in this survey using three factors in a two-level (23) factorial design. The production of starch hyaluronate, a fine, freely-flowing crystalline powder, was accomplished by the esterification process. The ester bond between starch and hyaluronic acid was confirmed by FTIR analysis, and starch hyaluronate did not interact with the medication in the DSC testing. The formulation with the shortest disintegration time, TF2, took only 24±0.2 seconds to complete. In ten minutes, 93.68 ±1.32% of the medicines from the optimal composition had dissolved. Moreover, a mixture containing a 5% level of starch hyaluronate was refined and could be utilized in creating quickly dissolving tablets. This formula also improved clinical compliance during the effective treatment of hypertension. The optimized composition was able to achieve a low concentration of a novel synthetic super disintegrate in a short amount of time.
Dutasteride Topical Gel Containing Herbal Extract for Male Pattern Baldness
Authors: D Prasanthi , I Thapaswi , D Vasavi , PK Lakshmi
Published: December 2024

Topical preparations are utilized to deliver drugs directly to the site of application, ensuring localized effects by penetrating into underlying layers of the skin or mucous membrane, thereby offering primary advantage of avoidance of first-pass metabolism. Dutasteride is mainly used for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The research aimed to develop a topical preparation using dutasteride for treating androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness) wherein incorporation of onion or garlic extract was explored due to their known benefits in promoting hair growth. Various concentrations of gelling agents were preliminary screened for gel consistency. Here, Carbopol-934 was used as gelling agent, for ease of application and aloe vera as an emollient, which gives lustre to hair. The formulations were evaluated for physico-chemical properties, in-vitro diffusion studies, ex-vivo permeation studies and stability giving desirable results. The preparations were highly productive towards nourishing hair roots and producing faster hair growth. A comparative study of the evaluation parameters for different dutasteride gels formulation demonstrated that the garlic-induced preparation (i.e., dutasteride gel with 10% garlic extract) produced more beneficial effect compared to other preparations, thus this prepared formulation can be suggested for male pattern baldness treatment.
Renal-pulmonary Crosstalk in Patients with Chest Disease in ICU: Role of Flouroquinolones in AKI Development
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed Waheed , Eldeen H Mohy , Abdelaziz Mohamed O. , Elela Mostafa Ahmed Abu
Published: December 2024

Acute kidney injury is a prevalent consequence in studied cases who have acute pulmonary insult, in many studies reported
incidence rates of up to 35%. AKI and ARDS together ensure a worse prognosis, including increased death. Describing the
risk factors that make AKI more common in these studied cases is necessary. Understanding these factors could aid
physicians in better managing these conditions, ultimately reducing mortality Hypertension, diabetes, high BMI, and
mechanical ventilation, drugs (antimicrobials such as fluroquinolones, NSAIDS, RAAS blockers and diuretics) are
significant predictors of AKI in patients with respiratory diseases. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring
and managing these factors to mitigate the Occurrence of AKI in critical care settings. Antibiotic resistance is a common
factor in the development of AKI. studied cases receiving antibiotics are frequently predisposed to an increased risk of
AKI because of underlying medical conditions & the severity of their illness. In addition, certain medicines can have direct
effects on the kidneys.
Effect of Administration of Anti- Alzheimer Medications on Outcome of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Youssef Shady Nemr , Ibrahim Ibrahim Talaat , Omar Sara Mohammed , Zaki Zaki Mohammed
Published: December 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a significant global health concern, with profound implications for both mortality
and long-term disability, particularly among younger demographics. Despite advancements in intensive care management
and the establishment of standardized protocols, mortality and morbidity rates among TBI patients remain alarmingly high.
Current prognostic models, relying on demographic factors, clinical assessments, and radiological findings, often lack
robust predictive capacity, necessitating exploration of alternative indicators for early outcome prediction in TBI cases.
Inflammatory responses play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of TBI, with rapid alterations observed in platelet count
and function within minutes post-injury. Inflammatory cytokines, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)
and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), contribute to secondary inflammatory cascades, correlating with the progression of
secondary brain injury. Many drugs are currently being evaluated as potential treatment for TBI. Though the exact
mechanism is unknown, amantadine(memantine) as anti alzheimer medication appears to act as an NMDA receptor
antagonist and an indirect dopamine agonist also Oxiracetam is a pro-intellectual drug used for mild-to-moderate vascular
dementia, Alzheimer's disease, memory and intellectual impairment due to traumatic brain injury. Nonetheless, oxiracetam
has been sporadically studied in the treatment of severe craniocerebral injury ( Yazar et al.,2021).
Assessing the Application of Pharmacoeconomic Evaluations in Medicines Management by Hospital Pharmacists: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Owaydhah Naif Fadhel Saleh , Al-Humam Ibrahim Abdulaziz , Aldosari Mohammed Mefleh , alahmadi Hossam saleh , Al Harbi Mohammed Abdulali Khalef , Alsaedi Salem Abdulkarim Salem , AlSayed Fahad Oudah Hameed , Al-Harbi Faisal Saud Sulaiman
Published: December 2024

Application of pharmacoeconomic data to medicine management decisions remains in its infancy in many developing
countries. In recent times, as the cost of drugs increases and budgets shrink further, the application of economic evidence
now becomes imperative in helping to optimize healthcare resources. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried
out among randomly selected hospital pharmacists from secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions . Data collection was
done with the use of a semi-structured questionnaire, while data analysis was done using suitable descriptive and inferential
statistics, with the level of significance taken as p < 0.05. The knowledge of the pharmacoeconomic concepts among
pharmacists was still evolving, as shown in this study (MWA 2.07). There were also significant associations between the
age and rank of the respondents and their knowledge and attitudes, p < 0.05. The overall mean weight attitude to
pharmacoeconomic evaluation was found to be moderately positive, at 2.997, while pharmacoeconomic evaluations
practices were inadequate, with a mean weight attitude of 2.36. This study strongly recommends the adoption of appropriate
policy measures and targeted training to improve the assimilation of pharmacoeconomic practices.