bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Evaluated on Clinical Oncology Cases
Authors: Chen David , Huang Ryan S. , Jomy Jane , Wong Philip , Yan Michael , Croke Jennifer , Tong Daniel , Hope Andrew , Eng Lawson , Raman Srinivas
Published: October 2024

Importance

Multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots can process complex medical image and text-based information that may improve their accuracy as a clinical diagnostic and management tool compared with unimodal, text-only AI chatbots. However, the difference in medical accuracy of multimodal and text-only chatbots in addressing questions about clinical oncology cases remains to be tested.

Objective

To evaluate the utility of prompt engineering (zero-shot chain-of-thought) and compare the competency of multimodal and unimodal AI chatbots to generate medically accurate responses to questions about clinical oncology cases.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study benchmarked the medical accuracy of multiple-choice and free-text responses generated by AI chatbots in response to 79 questions about clinical oncology cases with images.

Exposures

A unique set of 79 clinical oncology cases from JAMA Network Learning accessed on April 2, 2024, was posed to 10 AI chatbots.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was medical accuracy evaluated by the number of correct responses by each AI chatbot. Multiple-choice responses were marked as correct based on the ground-truth, correct answer. Free-text responses were rated by a team of oncology specialists in duplicate and marked as correct based on consensus or resolved by a review of a third oncology specialist.

Results

This study evaluated 10 chatbots, including 3 multimodal and 7 unimodal chatbots. On the multiple-choice evaluation, the top-performing chatbot was chatbot 10 (57 of 79 [72.15%]), followed by the multimodal chatbot 2 (56 of 79 [70.89%]) and chatbot 5 (54 of 79 [68.35%]). On the free-text evaluation, the top-performing chatbots were chatbot 5, chatbot 7, and the multimodal chatbot 2 (30 of 79 [37.97%]), followed by chatbot 10 (29 of 79 [36.71%]) and chatbot 8 and the multimodal chatbot 3 (25 of 79 [31.65%]). The accuracy of multimodal chatbots decreased when tested on cases with multiple images compared with questions with single images. Nine out of 10 chatbots, including all 3 multimodal chatbots, demonstrated decreased accuracy of their free-text responses compared with multiple-choice responses to questions about cancer cases.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of chatbot accuracy tested on clinical oncology cases, multimodal chatbots were not consistently more accurate than unimodal chatbots. These results suggest that further research is required to optimize multimodal chatbots to make more use of information from images to improve oncology-specific medical accuracy and reliability.
Maternal Downward Neighborhood Income Mobility and Newborn Discharge to Child Protective Services
Authors: Jairam Jennifer A. , Cohen Eyal , Diong Christina , Berger Howard , Guan Jun , Butler Emily Ana , Ray Joel G.
Published: October 2024

This cohort study examines whether there is an association between a mother moving into a neighborhood with lower income between births and newborn custody by child protective services at birth.
A Call for Standardization in Rural Surgery Training
Authors: Erickson Aaron , Clark Nina M. , Lynge Dana C.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint highlights the need for standardization in rural surgery training and suggests specific strategies to address this issue.
Long-Term Trajectories of Postoperative Recovery in Younger and Older Veterans
Authors: Jacobs Michael A. , Jacobs Carly A. , Intrator Orna , Makineni Rajesh , Youk Ada , Boudreaux-Kelly Monique Y. , McCoy Jennifer L. , Kinosian Bruce , Shireman Paula K. , Hall Daniel E.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Major surgery sometimes involves long recovery or even permanent institutionalization. Little is known about long-term trajectories of postoperative recovery, as surgical registries are limited to 30-day outcomes and care can occur across various institutions.

Objective

To characterize long-term postoperative recovery trajectories.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used Veterans Affairs (VA) Surgical Quality Improvement Program data (2016 through 2019) linked to the Residential History File, combining data from the VA, Medicare/Medicaid, and other sources to capture most health care utilization by days. Patients were divided into younger (younger than 65 years) or older (65 years or older) subgroups, as Medicare eligibility is age dependent. Latent-class, group-based trajectory models were developed for each group. These data were analyzed from February 2023 through August 2024.

Exposure

Surgical care in VA hospitals.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Days elsewhere than home (DEH) were counted in 30-day periods for 275 days presurgery and 365 days postsurgery.

Results

A 5-trajectory solution was optimal and visually similar for both age groups (cases: 179 879 younger [mean age (SD) 51.2 (10.8) years; most were male [154 542 (83.0%)] and 198 803 older [mean (SD) age, 72.2 (6.0) years; 187 996 were male (97.6%)]). Most cases were in trajectories 1 and 2 (T1 and T2). T1 cases returned home within 30 days (younger, 74.0%; older, 54.2%), while T2 described delayed recovery within 30 to 60 days (younger, 21.6%; older, 35.5%). Trajectory 3 (T3) and trajectory 4 (T4) were similar for the first 30 days postsurgery, but subsequently separated with T3 representing protracted recovery of 6 months or longer (younger, 2.7%; older, 3.8%) and T4 indicating long-term loss of independence (younger, 1.3%; older, 5.2%). Few (trajectory 5) were chronically dependent, with 20 to 30 DEH per month before and after surgery (younger, 0.4%; older, 1.3%).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, trajectory models demonstrated clinically meaningful differences in postoperative recovery that should inform surgical decision-making. Registries should include longer-term outcomes to enable future research to distinguish patients prone to long-term loss of independence vs protracted, but meaningful recovery.
Assessing the impact of deep‐learning assistance on the histopathological diagnosis of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) in fallopian tubes
Authors: Bogaerts Joep MA , Steenbeek Miranda P , Bokhorst John‐Melle , van Bommel Majke HD , Abete Luca , Addante Francesca , Brinkhuis Mariel , Chrzan Alicja , Cordier Fleur , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan , Fernández‐Pérez Juan , Fischer Anna , Gilks C Blake , Guerriero Angela , Jaconi Marta , Kleijn Tony G , Kooreman Loes , Martin Spencer , Milla Jakob , Narducci Nadine , Ntala Chara , Parkash Vinita , de Pauw Christophe , Rabban Joseph T , Rijstenberg Lucia , Rottscholl Robert , Staebler Annette , Van de Vijver Koen , Zannoni Gian Franco , van Zanten Monica ,   AI‐STIC Study Group, de Hullu Joanne A , Simons Michiel , van der Laak Jeroen AWM
Published: October 2024

In recent years, it has become clear that artificial intelligence (AI) models can achieve high accuracy in specific pathology‐related tasks. An example is our deep‐learning model, designed to automatically detect serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), the precursor lesion to high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma, found in the fallopian tube. However, the standalone performance of a model is insufficient to determine its value in the diagnostic setting. To evaluate the impact of the use of this model on pathologists' performance, we set up a fully crossed multireader, multicase study, in which 26 participants, from 11 countries, reviewed 100 digitalized H&E‐stained slides of fallopian tubes (30 cases/70 controls) with and without AI assistance, with a washout period between the sessions. We evaluated the effect of the deep‐learning model on accuracy, slide review time and (subjectively perceived) diagnostic certainty, using mixed‐models analysis. With AI assistance, we found a significant increase in accuracy (p < 0.01) whereby the average sensitivity increased from 82% to 93%. Further, there was a significant 44 s (32%) reduction in slide review time (p < 0.01). The level of certainty that the participants felt versus their own assessment also significantly increased, by 0.24 on a 10‐point scale (p < 0.01). In conclusion, we found that, in a diverse group of pathologists and pathology residents, AI support resulted in a significant improvement in the accuracy of STIC diagnosis and was coupled with a substantial reduction in slide review time. This model has the potential to provide meaningful support to pathologists in the diagnosis of STIC, ultimately streamlining and optimizing the overall diagnostic process.
Responsive Theranostic Nanoprobe for Ratiometric Photoacoustic Monitoring of Hypochlorous Acid‐Mediated Inflammation in Cancer Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Zhang Huayue , Wu Miaomiao , Sumadi Firasti Agung Nugrahening , Fu Changkui , Meng Qingtao , Alanazi Mazen , Zhang Zexi , Xu Zhi Ping , Ta Hang Thu , Zhang Run
Published: October 2024

Cancer detection and inflammation monitoring during photothermal therapy (PTT) enable timely cancer intervention and precise inflammation control, advancing to address inflammation‐related tumor recurrence and metastasis associated with PTT. This can be achieved through real‐time monitoring biomarker for cancer and inflammation, like hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a highly reactive oxygen species (hROS) in body with elevated levels in inflammation. Here, a HOCl‐responsive theranostic nanoprobe is introduced, AuNRs@SiO2‐CAA for ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) cancer detection and inflammation monitoring during PTT. AuNRs@SiO2‐CAA emits PA signals at 680 and 820 nm, with only PA680 undergoing changes in the presence of HOCl, enabling precise HOCl imaging via recording changes of ratiometric PA signals (PA680/PA820). AuNRs@SiO2‐CAA exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.34 µM for ratiometric PA imaging of HOCl. In vivo, it effectively detects tumor, drives PTT, and monitors inflammation during PTT by sensing HOCl. The successful development of AuNRs@SiO2‐CAA offers a novel theranostic nanoprobe system for cancer diagnosis, poised to enhance PTT through precise inflammation control.
Sweat‐Permeable, Microbiota‐Preserving, Mechanically Antibacterial Patch for Long‐Term Interfacing with Perspiring Skin
Authors: Wu Yujiao , Li Xinyu , He Peiying , Zou Jiarui , Zhuang Changgeng , Li Xiaofeng , Jin Qin , Peng Tianhan , Zhang Xinlei , Zheng Dengwen , Peng Feng , He Shuang , Zhong Lieshuang , Tang Kaiwei , Wang Xiufeng
Published: October 2024

The prolonged health monitoring using wearable technology faces challenges stemming from perspiration, including bacterial proliferation, compromised adhesion, signal quality deterioration, and user discomfort. Notably, excessive sweat fosters bacterial colonization, escalating infection risks, and compromising biomarker analysis. Existing antibacterial approaches, unfortunately, risk disrupting the delicate balance of skin microbiota. To address this, a Janus patch featuring Zn‐Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) modification is developed, which exhibits sustained antibacterial properties while preserving the epidermal microecology. It integrates a hydrophilic LDH fabric that mechanically eradicates bacteria via a nanoknife effect, and a laser‐engraved medical adhesive with microholes for unidirectional sweat transport. This innovative design not only enhances adhesion stability but also safeguards the skin microbiome by preventing direct contact with Zn‐Al LDH. Moreover, the patch seamlessly interfaces with sweat‐monitoring technologies like microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (uPADs) sensors, ensuring 100% antibacterial efficacy and efficient sweat redirection for reliable detection while prioritizing user comfort. It can serve as a durable bridge between perspiring skin and epidermal sensors, revolutionizing the realm of long‐term health monitoring.
Unveiling the Electrocatalytic Activity of Bifunctional Iron‐Niobium Double Perovskites for Overall Water Splitting: A‐Site Cation Influence
Authors: Avcıoğlu Celal , Bekheet Maged F. , Avcıoğlu Suna , Kaya Figen , Kim Byung Chul , Kaya Cengiz , Gurlo Aleksander
Published: October 2024

Capitalizing on the electrochemical conversion of water into hydrogen stands as a pivotal strategy in the global transition toward sustainable energy sources. This study investigates the influence of the A‐site cation type within A2FeNbO6 double perovskites (where A = Ca, Sr, or Ba) on their bifunctional electrocatalytic activities. The electrocatalytic performance is scrutinized in relation to charge transfer resistance, oxygen vacancy concentration, and metal‐oxygen covalency. Among the variants, Sr2FeNbO6 is distinguished as the optimal catalyst, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm⁻2 at overpotentials of 260 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 176 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thus matching the performance of leading metal oxide electrocatalysts. The study reveals pH‐dependent kinetics for Sr2FeNbO6, indicative of a lattice oxygen evolution mechanism for OER. An electrolyzer employing Sr2FeNbO6 electrodes for both the anode and cathode delivers a current density of 10 mA cm⁻2 at an efficient cell voltage of 1.76 V for complete alkaline water splitting, while also demonstrating exceptional stability. These insights advance the understanding of material optimization for electrocatalysis and position Sr2FeNbO6 as a viable catalyst for the sustainable production of hydrogen.
Implantable Microarray Patch: Engineering at the Nano and Macro Scale for Sustained Therapeutic Release via Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers
Authors: Zhao Li , Sabri Akmal Hidayat Bin , McGuckin Mary B. , Li Linlin , Wang Zihao , Larrañeta Eneko , Donnelly Ryan F.
Published: October 2024

Transdermal drug delivery has been an increasingly studied alternative drug administration route owing to the large surface area of the skin, enabling ease of access and application. Among the various transdermal drug delivery technologies that have been developed so far, microarray patches (MAPs) incorporating microneedle technology (MN) have garnered much attention. MAPs can easily penetrate the stratum corneum, facilitating the delivery of desired substances directly into the skin, exhibiting a higher delivery efficiency compared to alternative transdermal drug delivery approaches. The effectiveness of MAPs in delivering therapeutics is affected by a multitude of factors, one of which is the selection of materials employed in their fabrication. Among various materials that have been used to fabricate MAPs, synthetic biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polylactic acid (PLA) have been exploited for sustained and controlled release with excellent biocompatibility. PLGA and PLA can be used to construct the entire needle shaft or drug‐loaded microparticles which are then incorporated into needle layer. The combination of MN technology in conjunction with biodegradable polymers has revolutionized sustained and controlled transdermal delivery of small and large molecules.
Recrystallizing Sputtered NiOx for Improved Hole Extraction in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Jin Yongbin , Feng Huiping , Li Yingji , Zhang Hong , Chen Xuelin , Zhong Yawen , Zeng Qinghua , Huang Jiarong , Weng Yalian , Yang Jinxin , Tian Chengbo , Zhang Jinyan , Xie Liqiang , Wei Zhanhua
Published: October 2024

Sputtering nickel oxide (NiOx) is a production‐line‐compatible route for depositing hole transport layers (HTL) in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, this technique often results in films with low crystallinity and structural flaws, which can impair electronic conductivity. Additionally, the complex surface chemistry and inadequate Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio impede the effective binding of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), affecting hole extraction at the perovskite/HTL interface. Herein, these issues are addressed using a recrystallization strategy by treating sputtered NiOx thin films with sodium periodate (NaIO4), an industrially available oxidant. This treatment improved crystallinity and increased the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio, resulting in a higher content of nickel oxyhydroxide. These enhancements strengthened the SAM's anchoring capability on NiOx and improved the hole extraction at the perovskite/HTL interface. Moreover, the NaIO4 treatment facilitated Na+ diffusion within the perovskite layer and minimized phase separation, thus improving device stability. As a result, single‐junction perovskite solar cells with a 1.68 eV bandgap achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.22% for an area of 0.12 cm2. Perovskite/silicon tandem cells with an area of 1 cm2 reached a PCE of 30.48%. Encapsulated tandem devices retained 95% of their initial PCE after 300 h of maximum power point tracking under 1‐sun illumination at 25 °C.
Expanding the Phenotype of Extremely Early Onset Juvenile Huntington's Disease: A Case Report and Review of Previously Published Cases
Authors: Powis Zöe , Lutz Jonathon , Liaquat Khalida , Querubin Jyes A. , Batish Sat Dev
Published: October 2024

Extremely early‐onset juvenile Huntington's disease (HD) has been described in three patients with onset at approximately 18 months to 2 years of age. Herein, we report a patient with, to our knowledge, the youngest age of onset with the largest reported explicit expansion size. We also summarize the previously reported cases of extremely early‐onset juvenile HD. This information is important to gain insight into this phenotype for earlier diagnosis and in the hopes of future lifesaving treatments.
Recurrent Xp22.31‐Yq11 Unbalanced Translocations: Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Implications in Three Families
Authors: Daghsni Marwa , Sheehan Elizabeth , Madan‐Khetarpal Suneeta , Aarabi Mahmoud , Witchel Selma F. , Rajkovic Aleksandar , Yatsenko Svetlana A.
Published: October 2024

Unbalanced translocation between chromosomes X and Y is a recurring chromosomal rearrangement. The presence of a derivative chromosome X (derX), where a Yq11‐qter segment is attached to the short arm of chromosome X, replacing a terminal Xpter‐p22.31, poses challenges for interpretation of findings by prenatal cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening, establishing genotype–phenotype correlation in male and female individuals, and for genetic counseling. In this report, we provide clinical outcomes, inheritance, and clinical implications of derX in three families referred to diagnostic testing due to discrepant results for sex chromosomes reported by cfDNA, abnormal prenatal ultrasound findings, recurrent pregnancy losses, or affected family members with derX transmitted through multiple generations. Reports of discrepant sex and risk for sex chromosome aneuploidy such as 45,X, 47,XXY and 47,XYY are common false positive outcomes of a prenatal cfDNA screening if either a mother or a fetus has unbalanced Xp‐Yq translocation. In addition, mothers who carry der(X) facing a recurrent risk of ambiguity in prenatal testing. Pregnancy loss and neonatal death/stillbirth of male offspring are common in affected families, but this risk does not directly correlate with the size of deleted Xp region. This study emphasizes the importance of CMA and familial testing for accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Polygenic Landscape of Cryptogenic New‐Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Comprehensive Whole‐Genome Sequencing Study
Authors: Jang Yoonhyuk , Hong Sung Eun , Ahn Soo Hyun , Mon Su Yee , You Ji Hye , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun , Choi Murim , Lee Soon‐Tae
Published: October 2024

Cryptogenic new‐onset refractory status epilepticus (cNORSE) is a devastating condition with unclear pathogenesis. Here, we analyzed the genetic underprints of 31 cNORSE patients from an autoimmune encephalitis observational cohort through whole‐genome sequencing. Compared to their controls, cNORSE patients exhibited elevated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for traits associated with autoimmune diseases. The individual PRS against these diseases were correlated with specific clinical phenotypes of cNORSE. The variants were enriched in genes expressed in the central nervous system and lymphocytes. These results suggest a shared genetic framework between cNORSE and other autoimmune/autoinflammatory diseases, and its involvement in the disease pathogenesis. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1201–1208
Creating Spin Channels in SrCoO3 through Trigonal‐to‐Cubic Structural Transformation for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reactions
Authors: Guan Xinwei , Wang Mingyue , Chen Zezhi , Cao Chaojie , Li Zhixuan , Xue Ruichang , Fu Yang , Johannessen Bernt , Tadich Anton , Yi Jiabao , Fan Hua , Wang Nana , Jia Baohua , Li Xiaoning , Ma Tianyi
Published: October 2024

Oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (OER and ORR) play crucial roles in energy conversion processes such as water splitting and air batteries, where spin dynamics inherently influence their efficiency. However, the specific contribution of spin has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we intentionally introduce a spin channel through the transformation of trigonal antiferromagnetic SrCoO2.5 into cubic ferromagnetic SrCoO3, aiming to deepen our understanding of spin dynamics in catalytic reactions. Based on the results from spherical‐aberration‐corrected microscopy, synchrotron absorption spectra, magnetic characterizations, and density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that surface electron transfer is predominantly governed by local geometric structures, while the presence of the spin channel significantly enhances the bulk transport of spin‐polarized electrons, particularly under high current densities where surface electron transfer is no longer the limiting factor. The overpotential for OER is reduced by at least 70 mV at 150 mA cm−2 due to the enhanced conductivity from spin‐polarized electrons facilitated by spin channels, with an expectation of even more significant reductions at higher current densities. This work provides a clearer picture of the role of spin in oxygen‐involved electrocatalysis, providing critical insights for the design of more efficient catalytic systems in practical applications.
Nuclear parcellation of pontine catecholaminergic and cholinergic neurons in gray parrots and pied crow brains
Authors: Mazengenya Pedzisai , Manger Paul R.
Published: October 2024

Employing immunohistochemical procedures with antibodies raised against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase we identified and mapped the locus coeruleus complex (LoC) and the pontine laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) and pedunculopontine tegmental (PPN) cholinergic nuclei in the brains of a Congo gray parrot, a timneh gray parrot, and a pied crow. The LoC and LDT/PPN are centrally involved in the regulation and generation of different sleep states, and as all birds studied to date show both REM and non‐REM sleep states, like mammals, we investigated whether these noradrenergic and cholinergic nuclei in the avian pons shared anatomical features with those in the mammalian pons. The LoC was parcellated into 3 distinct nuclei, including the locus coeruleus (A6), subcoeruleus (A7), and the fifth arcuate nucleus (A5), while distinct LDT and PPN nuclei were revealed. Several similarities that allow the assumption of homology of these nuclei between birds and mammals were revealed, including their location relative to each other and other structures within the pontine region, as well as a specific degree of topographical overlap of the noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons. Despite this, some differences were noted that may be of interest in understanding the differences in sleep between birds and mammals. Further anatomical and physiological studies are needed to determine whether these pontine nuclei in birds play the same role as in mammals, as while the homology is apparent, the functional analogy needs to be revealed.
Investigation of the biological removal of nickel and copper ions from aqueous solutions using mixed microalgae
Authors: Geraei Hadis , Shokrkar Hanieh
Published: October 2024

The use of mixed microalgae offers an effective solution for the management of contamination risks in cultivation while enhancing economic viability. In this study, mixed microalgae were used for the first time for the removal of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) from aqueous solutions. The characteristics of the adsorbents were examined thoroughly, and the adsorption process was assessed using isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Particle size, concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH were among the variables assessed. The findings demonstrated that, at an initial concentration of 100 mg L–1 and a pH of 6, the maximum adsorption of Cu with a particle size of 1 mm (90.20%) took place in 60 min. The highest adsorption rate (78.25%) was found for Ni. Microalgae performed best over 180 min at room temperature and at pH values that promoted metal dissolution. The removal percentages of wet and dried microalgae were comparable, and the wet adsorbent was more economical. It was feasible to remove both metals at the same time. Up to three cycles of adsorbent reuse were possible, with sodium hydroxide treatment offering superior removal to hydrochloric acid. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that this process, which results in a disordered state, is exothermic and spontaneous.
Sons and daughters of foster carers: Exposure to risk and harm
Authors: Tatton Allison
Published: October 2024

Children who are looked after by the state are some of the most vulnerable in society and have usually experienced neglect, abuse and other trauma. As a result of their experiences, many exhibit challenging and/or aggressive behaviour. Currently, in England, around 68% of the children entering the care system are placed with foster carers, many of whom also have their own children living in the home. This study used narrative interviews to gain the views of the biological children of foster carers about their experience of being brought up in a fostering family. Twelve participants aged 18 and 54 were recruited using convenience and snowballing sampling strategies. Findings revealed that the foster carers own children and fostered children often developed close relationships and that fostered children frequently shared detailed accounts of the abuse they had experienced before entering care. Knowledge of the abuse often left the carers' own children both troubled and in a dilemma about what to do with the information. They also revealed that some of the foster carers' own children had been abused by their foster siblings and had chosen not to disclose this information to their parents or others. Several of the participants expressed ongoing feelings of distress when discussing their experiences and those of their foster siblings, which raises questions about how best to support this important group of children and young people.
Exploring Consumer Participation in Brand Metaverse Communities, Focusing on the Metaverse Features—Fantasy Experiences and Self‐Expansion
Authors: Yoon Namhee , Choi Dooyoung , Lee Ha Kyung
Published: October 2024

In light of brands entering the metaverse, understanding consumer behavior in these virtual spaces becomes crucial. This study aims to explore how consumers' intentions to engage in building brand communities within the metaverse are influenced by their fantasy experiences in the brands' virtual stores where consumers are immersed in sensory‐rich, imaginative digital environments. By applying self‐expansion theory to brand–consumer relationships and the concept of temporarily expanding the boundary of the self through consumer metaverse experiences, this research examines the mediating role of self‐expansion in the relationship between fantasy experiences and brand community intentions. A total of 196 responses were collected among Zepeto users through consumer panels. Data were analyzed using AMOS 23.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and the Process macro in SPSS 23.0 for mediation and moderation analysis. Findings reveal direct positive effects of fantasy experiences on consumers' intentions to participate in metaverse brand communities. Users deeply engaged in the metaverse's fantasy experience could expand the sense of self, fostering active contributions to brand community activities. The study also investigates the influences of prior experiential activities in the metaverse, showing that prior engagement enhances the effects of fantasy experiences on self‐expansion. Among users with prior metaverse experiential activities, fantasy experiences exert more significant influences on self‐expansion, driving higher intentions to participate in brand communities.
Identification and characterization of NMNAT1 gene mutations in an Iranian patient with Leber congenital amaurosis 9
Authors: Neissi Mostafa , Sheikh‐Hosseini Motahareh , Mohammadi‐Asl Misagh , Al‐Badran Adnan Issa , Roghani Mojdeh , Mohammadi‐Asl Javad , Jorfi Kamele
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

The discovery of compound heterozygous NMNAT1 mutations (c.245T>C; p.Val82Ala and c.575A>G; p.Asp192Gly) provides a genetic explanation for Leber congenital amaurosis 9 in an Iranian patient. The proband's symptoms—including severe visual impairment, nystagmus, night blindness, and retinal degeneration—align with Leber congenital amaurosis 9 clinical features. This case underscores the value of exome‐sequencing in diagnosing rare genetic disorders and highlights its role in guiding personalized genetic counseling and potential treatments.

Leber congenital amaurosis is a severe early‐onset inherited retinal dystrophy. This study delves into the genetic basis of Leber congenital amaurosis, pinpointing compound heterozygous mutations in the NMNAT1 gene as significant causative factors. While one mutation validates previous findings (c.245T>C; p.Val82Ala), the second (c.575A>G; p.Asp192Gly) proves novel, expanding the genetic landscape of Leber congenital amaurosis 9. Both mutations, inherited independently from nonconsanguineous parents, contribute to the intricate genetic basis of light on Leber congenital amaurosis 9 in this case. The identified mutations shed light on Leber congenital amaurosis genetics in the Iranian population, showcasing the efficacy of exome‐sequencing for molecular diagnoses in hereditary retinal degeneration. These findings provide valuable insights for tailored genetic counseling and potential therapeutic interventions.
Process Intensification via Structured Catalysts: Production of Sugar Alcohols
Authors: Salmi Tapio , Barahona German Araujo , Najarnezhadmashhadi Ali , Braz Catarina , Torres Alberto Goicoechea , Ciaramella Maria , Ares Emilia , Russo Vincenzo , Serna Juan Garcia , Eränen Kari , Wärnå Johan , Matos Henri , Murzin Dmitry
Published: October 2024

With the aid of structured catalysts and reactors, such as monoliths, solid foams, and 3D printed structures, the limitations of conventional slurry and packed‐bed reactors can be surmounted. Multiphase mathematical models were presented for solid foam structures and the models were verified for the hydrogenation of arabinose, galactose, and xylose to the corresponding sugar alcohols. High product selectivities were obtained in batch and continuous experiments. Three kinetic models were considered: a competitive adsorption model, a semi‐competitive adsorption model as well as a non‐competitive adsorption model for sugar monomers and hydrogen. The models gave a good reproduction of the data, but the semi‐competitive adsorption model was the most plausible one because of the size difference between adsorbed sugar and hydrogen molecules.
Identification of Deactivation Mechanisms by the Periodic Transient Kinetic Method
Authors: Gäßler Max , Güttel Robert , Friedland Jens
Published: October 2024

The understanding of deactivation processes in heterogeneous catalysis is key for the development of new materials and exploration of new operation windows. In this contribution, the periodic transient kinetic method (PTK) is used to identify and separate catalyst deactivation processes for the first time. The PTK method is applied for a standard Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in CO and CO2 methanation for 24 h and compared to steady‐state experiments. For the example reactions, the study exhibits different deactivation behavior for CO and CO2 methanation. The results demonstrate that the PTK method delivers an insight into the deactivation process and furthermore gives evidence for the underlying mechanism.
Plasma Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Fever‐ and Infection‐Related Complications During Chemotherapy‐Induced Neutropenia
Authors: Kreft Iris C. , van de Geer Annemarie , Smit Eva R. , van der Zwaan Carmen , van Alphen Floris P. J. , Meijer Alexander B. , Nur Erfan , Hoogendijk Arie J. , Kuijpers Taco W. , van den Biggelaar Maartje
Published: October 2024

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous and complex blood cancer requiring aggressive treatment. Early identification and prediction of the complications following treatment is vital for effective disease management.

Aims

We explored associations between plasma protein levels and fever‐ and infection‐related complications in 26 AML patients during chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia.

Material and Methods

Longitudinal plasma profiling was conducted using data‐dependent mass spectrometry analysis.

Results

Mass spectrometry‐based plasma profiling data correlated well with laboratory parameters, including C‐reactive protein, and revealed a broader inflammation protein network associated with fever‐ and infection‐related complications.

Discussion and Conclusion

These data indicate the potential of longitudinal plasma profiling in AML patients for identifying and predicting complications that may aid in improved disease monitoring and treatment.
Advancing Liposomal Coating Approaches for Improved Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Thuy Trang Le Ngoc , Nguyen‐Huu Anh‐Minh , Hai Nguyen Dai , Khoa Nguyen Cuu
Published: October 2024

Quercetin, a natural flavonoid with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties, faces limitations in clinical application due to its poor solubility and bioavailability. This study presents a novel delivery system utilizing a combination of polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether and folic acid to enhance quercetin's effectiveness. We developed folate‐conjugated polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether‐coated liposomes (FA‐Brij‐LPs) to leverage the unique properties of polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether in conjunction with folic acid for targeted delivery. The FA‐Brij‐LPs were prepared using the thin‐film hydration method and characterized for their physicochemical properties, including size, zeta potential, and drug loading capacity. The optimized FA‐Brij‐LPs exhibited a mean particle size of 147.57 nm, a zeta potential of 32.20 mV, and a drug loading capacity of 9.33 %. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained quercetin release and significantly enhanced cellular uptake compared to free quercetin. The Resazurin cell viability assay further revealed superior anticancer efficacy of FA‐Brij‐LPs. This innovative approach underscores the effectiveness of combining polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether with folic acid in enhancing quercetin delivery and its potential applications in cancer therapy.
Bank competition and ESG performance‐evidence from Chinese listed firms
Authors: Lu Danning , Yang Jing
Published: October 2024

This study employs a two‐way fixed effects model to investigate the influence of bank competition on ESG performance of local firms and its underlying mechanisms based on the geographical distribution of bank branches and firms. Our results show that the increased level of competition among banks contributes positively to the ESG performance of firms and the promotion effect is more prominent in small firms, young firms, and nonstate‐owned firms. Industry heterogeneity analysis indicates that bank competition could be more beneficial for the sustainable development of low‐pollution, low‐tech industries, and industries that have a higher linkage with the financial industry. The mechanism analysis further reveals the mediating effect of financial constraints, green innovation, and moral hazards on firms' ESG performance. This study extends the existing understanding of the firm‐level consequences of bank competition and sheds light on the financial development drivers of corporate ESG performance in emerging market countries.
Role of BIX01294 in the intracranial inhibition of H3K9 methylation lessens neuronal loss in vascular dementia model
Authors: Sehati Fardin , Hosseindoost Saereh , Ranjbaran Mina , Nabavizadeh Fatemeh , Karimian Seyed‐Morteza , Adeli Soheila , Zahedi Elham , Chodari Leila , Ashabi Ghorbangol
Published: October 2024

Dementia develops as a result of multiple factors, including cerebrovascular disease which is called vascular dementia (VD). Histone‐3 lysine‐9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) broadly increases during VD and inhibits neuroprotective gene expressions. So, we aimed to determine how H3K9me2 inhibitor (BIX01294) affects neuronal damage in VD. An in vivo model of VD was used followed by BIX01294 treatment. Behavioral tests, hematoxylin, and eosin (H&E), Congo red, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were carried out. Hippocampal phosphorylated cyclic‐AMP responsive element binding protein (p‐CREB), c‐fos, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and H3K9me2, were detected by western blot analysis technique. Neurological deficit and anxiety‐related behavior significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the VD group (p < 0.05). BIX01294 improved spatial and passive avoidance memory (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) compared to the VD group. Treatment with BIX01294 restored the level of p‐CREB/CREB ratio (p < 0.05), cfos (p < 0.01), BDNF (p < 0.01), and suppressed H3K9me2 (p < 0.001) when compared to the VD group. BIX01294 microinjection reduced the apoptosis level in TUNEL staining (p < 0.05), and raised neural cell count in H&E staining (p < 0.01); amyloid beta accumulation significantly decreased in the treatment group (p < 0.05) compared to the VD group. In conclusion, long‐term treatment with a low dose of BIX01294 can prevent the progression of neuronal loss in VD model by raising the expression of neurotrophic factors, and reducing the apoptosis level.
Aesthetic and functional outcomes in full thickness nasal alar reconstruction: Insights from patients on conchal cartilage and nasolabial‐folded‐flap
Authors: Fiedler Lukas S. , Andrianopoulou S. , Meyer Tobias
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Nasal alar defects pose significant challenges due to the nose's central role in facial aesthetics and function. Various causes, including skin cancer resection, necessitate effective reconstruction techniques. Despite several available methods, identifying an ideal approach remains elusive.

Methods

This study introduces a single‐stage reconstruction technique employing the nasolabial‐folded‐flap (NFL) with conchal cartilage support. A structured patient questionnaire evaluated functional and aesthetic outcomes, pain, healing and satisfaction. The survey involved six patients who underwent nasal reconstruction using this approach in 12 months.

Results

Patients expressed high satisfaction with functional and aesthetic outcomes. Functional aspects received very satisfactory ratings (mean 1.7), with aesthetically appealing results (mean 2). Reconstructed noses harmonized well with patients' faces (mean 2), with a moderate impact on daily activities (mean 2.7). Mild pain was occasionally reported (median 2.2) and healing was perceived as very successful (median 1.5). Patients were highly satisfied with care and support (median 1) and felt adequately informed (median 1.5). They strongly recommended this reconstruction technique to others (median 1).

Discussion

The NFL with conchal cartilage support proves versatile and cosmetically pleasing in single‐stage reconstruction for full‐thickness nasal alar defects. Patients demonstrated a strong willingness to recommend this approach to individuals with similar defects, showcasing its potential advantages. Despite limitations, our findings underscore the prospects of this technique in nasal reconstruction.
Long‐term exposure to fine particulate matter constituents, genetic susceptibility, and incident heart failure among 411 807 adults
Authors: Cui Feipeng , Zheng Lei , Zhang Jing , Tang Linxi , Ma Yudiyang , Li Dankang , Wang Jianing , Xing Meiqi , Xie Junqing , Yang Jian , Tian Yaohua
Published: October 2024

Aims

Long‐term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been linked to incident heart failure (HF), but the impacts of its constituents remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the associations of PM2.5 constituents with incident HF, and further evaluate the modification effects of genetic susceptibility.

Methods and results

PM2.5 and its constituents, including elemental carbon (EC), organic matter (OM), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), and sulfate (SO42−), were estimated using the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme model applied to the UK (EMEP4UK) driven by Weather and Research Forecast model meteorology. A polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated to represent genetic susceptibility to HF. We employed Cox models to evaluate the associations of PM2.5 constituents with incident HF. Quantile‐based g‐computation model was used to identify the main contributor of PM2.5 constituents. Among 411 807 individuals in the UK Biobank, 7554 participants developed HF during a median follow‐up of 12.05 years. The adjusted hazard ratios of HF for each interquartile range increase in PM2.5, EC, OM, NH4+, NO3−, and SO42− were 1.50 (1.46–1.54), 1.31 (1.27–1.34), 1.12 (1.09–1.15), 1.42 (1.41–1.44), 1.26 (1.23–1.29), and 1.25 (1.24–1.26), respectively. EC (43%) played the most important role, followed by NH4+ and SO42−. Moreover, synergistic additive interactions accounted for 9–16% of the HF events in individuals exposed to both PM2.5, NH4+, NO3−, and SO42− and PRS.

Conclusion

Long‐term exposure to PM2.5 constituents may elevate HF risk, and EC was the major contributor. Additive effects of PM2.5 constituents and PRS on HF risk were revealed.
Enhanced Multi‐Objective Optimization Model for Bridge Performance Assessment and Prediction, Based on Improved PCA, K‐Means Clustering, and Kaplan–Meier Survival Algorithm
Authors: Gui Chengzhong , Duan Zhi , Huang Zuwei , Sun Zhiguo , Qiao Wei , Cheng Yu
Published: October 2024

The research proposes a hybrid algorithm model that combines model‐driven and data‐driven approaches for the direct application of bridge health monitoring technology in bridge management. This comprehensive study encompasses a series of analytical techniques and methodologies to build a multi‐objective optimization model for bridge performance assessment and prediction. It focuses on the processing of multi‐source heterogeneous data, selection of key sub‐parameters using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), enhanced K‐means clustering analysis, determination of structural component target thresholds, time‐dependent survival probability analysis, regression fitting, and timing prediction of the bridge system for both the components of double‐layer truss arch bridge and the bridge system. The initial phase of the study concentrates on the diversification and decentralization of monitored data from various sources, integrating and cleaning data obtained from different sources to ensure data quality and consistency. PCA technique is applied to identify key sub‐parameters that have significant impacts on the performance of structural components. Enhanced K‐means clustering analysis is carried out to effectively group and classify the identified key sub‐parameters. Numerical simulations, including structural nonlinear analysis, are conducted to determine the target thresholds of bridge structure, providing important benchmarks for performance evaluation. Finally, a multi‐parameter regression model is used to evaluate and update the performance of the bridge structure, taking into account survival probability (using the Kaplan–Meier method), maintenance history, and material deterioration to estimate the most critical time for the bridge system. A case study is conducted to validate the suggested comprehensive algorithms for a double‐layer truss arch combination bridge, which contributes to enhancing performance evaluation and predicting the most critical time for structural components and bridge system in the bridge management and maintenance practices. It should not be ignored that, the accuracy and reasonability of bridge structure system performance evaluation and prediction depend largely on the selection of target thresholds.
Encapsulation of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus by Extrusion Method to Access the Viability in Saffron Milk Dessert and Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions
Authors: Ganje Mohammad , Sekhavatizadeh Seyed Saeed , Teymouri Fatemeh , Gilkheiri Mostafa , Rahmani Bentalhoda
Published: October 2024

The effectiveness of probiotics in delivering health benefits may be associated with their capacity to maintain a minimum concentration of 106 CFU/g during food storage and to successfully colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LR) is a probiotic that does not exhibit adequate stability under harsh conditions. To enhance the survival capacity of LR during gastrointestinal storage, alginate (ALG) was used as a primary encapsulating layer through extrusion microencapsulation. Subsequently, camelina seed mucilage (CSM) and camelina seed protein (CSP) were applied as secondary layers at varying concentrations (0%–4%). Among the tested formulations, ALG‐CSM‐CSP (1.5%, 4%, 4% w/w) exhibited significantly higher encapsulation efficiency (94.15%) and provided appropriate LR encapsulation in SEM image. Three saffron milk desserts (SMD) containing free LR (FLR), microencapsulated LR (MLR), and a control (C) were prepared, followed by physicochemical and microbiological assessments of the samples. The result showed that at the end of storage, SMD had the lowest pH (6.21), the highest acidity (30°D), and maintained the permissible limit of probiotic bacteria (6.7 log cfu/mL) among the samples. In GI, the MLR and FLR survival rates were 43% and 45.4%, respectively on the 14th day of storage, respectively. The MLR hardness (313.70 g), adhesiveness (2.01 mJ), chewiness (9.36) and gumminess (58.8) had the greatest values among the samples. Moreover, SEM images showed a relatively denser structure for MLR. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of CSM and CSP to protect probiotics, offering valuable insights for developing new functional foods with improved survival during storage and GI.