bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liderazgo Directivo y Desempeño Docente
Authors: Toledo Chambilla Andrés
Published: September 2021

El objetivo principal de este artículo es generar un constructo teórico basado en el liderazgo directivo y el desempeño docente. Desde esta perspectiva se pretende establecer criterios válidos, que a nivel científico expresan la importancia capital de la función del desempeño docente y liderazgo que se ejerce, como figura de relevancia y modelo seguir. También se destaca la importancia del liderazgo directivo y la función docente desde la perspectiva colaborativa como desempeños que se fusionan en conjunto. La investigación desde el punto metodológico se basó en el tipo descriptivo-correlacional; el diseño es transversal no experimental. La muestra en la investigación fue seleccionada de la siguiente forma: en el caso de la variable liderazgo, 5 docentes del personal de control de académico de estudios; y en el caso de la variable desempeño docente, se tomó a 10 estudiantes de la Universidad Mayor de San Simón, en la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial. Los datos se recolectaron mediante la técnica del cuestionario, en su modalidad de encuesta, como el Test de Liderazgo Lewin, que corresponde a 32 ítems. También se aplicó el cuestionario de satisfacción de actividad docente, en el que se establecieron 20 ítems. Las conclusiones arrojaron que el estilo de liderazgo que mayormente predomina en la gestión del director de la institución es el estilo democrático, con una evidente tendencia al comportamiento respetuoso y amable hacia su personal, con una actitud participativa que genera ese mismo ambiente y con una inminente voluntad para fomentar las relaciones interpersonales. Por último, se verificó la correlación de las variables liderazgo y desempeño docente, donde el nivel de aprobación de correlación estuvo en 40%.
SUCCESSIVELY OFF-PUMP CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING AND CAROTID STENTING IN A PATIENT WITH AN ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID LESION
Authors:   Cardiac Surgery Department, ", Kornovski Vladimir ,   Heart and Brain",   Hospital, Burgas, Bulgaria., Andreev Andrey ,   Cardiac Surgery Department, "Heart and Brain" Hospital, Burgas, Bulgaria.
Published: September 2021

The case we are presenting is 70 years male with triple vessel coronary artery disease in combination with a unilateral asymptomatic carotid lesion of A. Carotis communis dextra. He underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) subsequently right carotid stenting with an excellent outcome.
Art as the Commentary of Life
Authors: Sadaf Mushtaq Nasti
Published: September 2021

Literature has always been a mighty weapon in bringing reality to surface. It is the reflection of mirror in the form of print that actually ushers to forefront the reality of life. The main aim of art is to revolutionize the world in general and society in particular. “Art for the Sake of Life” generally refers to the notion that art makes us understand the conduct of everyday life. Although art encompasses literature yet it is more than that because it deals with every aspect of our life. It is the way to justify the grim realities of life while beautifying them. As a famous writer James Baldwin accords that “one can’t write a line without a message”. Art is a way of expressing oneself. Many people use it to express boundless emotions and thoughts, from turbulence to euphoria to bewilderment that everyone has within the heart, mind and soul. The authors have discovered an escape through art to seek meaning via truth, not just for the sake of art, but for the sake of life. Writers tweak the image of specific challenges so that a reader can see them through the same lens. George Bernard Shaw also avows that “For art’s sake alone I would not face the toil of writing a single sentence”. So, an artist should be moralist encumbered with a reforming zeal. Thus “Art for the sake of life” is a maxim that should be applied to all art; art with style, sophistication, pathos, and psychological resonance. It is not thus for the art’s sake rather it is for the life’s sake or social sake. Art is a medicine or elixir of pain which makes life bearable. The main aim of this paper is to showcase how art in general as well as in particular is only for life’s sake and not for art’s sake. Art thus has a cosmic phenomenon with a universal impact.
The Elements of Supernatural and Magic Realism in Toni Morrison’s Beloved
Authors: Prof. Sanjay Kumar Swarnkar  , Shalini Shukla
Published: September 2021

The present research paper is a study of the elements of Magic Realism and the supernatural elements in the novel, Beloved by the Nobel laureate novelist Toni Morrison. The term Magic Realism was originally applied in the 1920s to the school of surrealist German painters and was later used to describe the process fiction of writers like George Luis Burges, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and Salman Rushdie etc. These writers weave a sharply etched realism representing ordinary events and details together with fantastic and dream-like elements, as well as with material derived from myth and fairy tales. The German critic Franz Roz introduced the concept of Magic realism in 1920 and it was first used in paintings. The term was introduced in the book Post-expressionism, Magic Realism: Problem of the Most Recent European Paintings in 1925. The purpose here is to analyze the elements of magic realism in the novel, Beloved. We can see supernatural elements in Sethe’s house that bring chaos by haunting everyone through its mysterious presence, and making Sethe’s both the sons Howard and Buglar run away. It appears to be the ghost of a baby which was murdered by Sethe. The ghost causes the things in the house to break and shake mysteriously. In magic realism fiction the ghosts are the central characters generally. In the novel Beloved Morrison has portrayed the ghost as a living person. Thus, the dominance of a unique, mystical and gloomy atmosphere can be seen throughout the novel.
San Agustín gramático en el “De consensu evangelistarum”
Authors: Luis Vizcaíno Pío de
Published: September 2021

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La resurrección de la hija de Jairo (Mc 5,21-24a. 35-43 par.)
Authors: Sabugal Santos
Published: September 2021

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Cofradías y asociaciones religiosas en el Derecho actual
Authors: Campo del Pozo Fernando
Published: September 2021

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Teoría evolutiva del conocimiento y metodología popperíana
Authors: Velázquez Campo Lorenzo
Published: September 2021

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Dos “Confesiones”: Las del beato Orozco y las de san Agustín
Authors: Luis Vizcaíno Pío de
Published: September 2021

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Alonso de Orozco, teólogo-cantor de las gracias de María
Authors: Domínguez Sánchez Benito
Published: September 2021

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La oración en el beato Alfonso de Orozco
Authors: Crespo Zumel Agustín
Published: September 2021

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Agustinos en el proceso de beatificación del Bto. Alonso de Orozco
Authors: Alonso Vañes Carlos
Published: September 2021

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El príncipe Christiano del beato Alonso de Orozco
Authors: Campo del Pozo Fernando
Published: September 2021

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El espíritu de la Regla de S. Agustín en el beato Alonso de Orozco
Authors: Casado Prieto Fidel
Published: September 2021

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La «regula fidei» en la teología de San Agustín
Authors: Mendoza Ríos Mario
Published: September 2021

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La tríada paulina “fe, amor, esperanza” a la luz de 1 Tesalonicenses
Authors: Díez Aragón Ramón Alfonso
Published: September 2021

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La transfiguración de Jesús: Adelanto de su resurrección. (Mc 9,1-10 par.)
Authors: Sabugal Santos
Published: September 2021

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Valor religioso y literario de Fr. Gerundio de Campazas
Authors: Domínguez Sánchez Benito
Published: September 2021

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Estudio teológico-místico del título cristológico "Hijo de Dios" en "De los Nombres de Cristo" de Fray Luis de León
Authors: González Galende Sergio
Published: September 2021

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San Agustín en el nuevo Catecismo de la Iglesia católica
Authors: Luis Vizcaíno Pío de
Published: September 2021

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Análisis del Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica
Authors: Resines Llorente Luis
Published: September 2021

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Génesis de la Nueva Evangelización en América Latina
Authors: González Dorado A.
Published: September 2021

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Visión bíblico-ecuménica del papado
Authors: Domínguez Sánchez Benito
Published: September 2021

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Estructura de la Regla de san Agustín (I)
Authors: Luis Vizcaíno Pío de
Published: September 2021

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La propuesta de Lindbeck acerca de las doctrinas religiosas
Authors: Joven Álvarez Fernando J.
Published: September 2021

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ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОМПОЗИТА НА ОСНОВЕ КАРБОСИЛИЦИДА ТИТАНА И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЕГО ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДЯЩИХ СВОЙСТВ
Authors: Сасунцян М.Э. , Саакян Н.Г. , Оганесян А.С. , Чолахян Э.А.
Published: September 2021

Обсуждаются вопросы получения нового класса мультифункциональных композитов путем высокотемпературного самораспространяющегося синтеза (СВС) различных металлических порошков. Изучаются их свойства. К классу таких композитов относятся МАХ-фазы. В результате предварительных экспериментов выявлено, что из смеси порошков титана, алюминия и сажи методом СВС можно получить порошковый композит, в котором максимальный выход основной МАХ-фазы Ti3AlC2 составляет 82,5%. По данным рентгенофазового анализа (Powder Cell), при СВС
методе переработки образца FeSi+3Ti+2C (FeSi (30%) количество карбида титана в полученном продукте составляет 12,5%. Это обусловлено тем, что при синтезе выделяющееся тепло недостаточно большое и конечный продукт не успевает сформироваться до конца. Для приведения продукта к равновесному состоянию был осуществлен дополнительный отжиг при температуре Т=1250ºС (3 ч). Поскольку в конечном продукте присутствует карбид титана, то предполагалось, что небольшие добавки TiSi2 увеличат содержание карбосилицида титана в спеченном композите за счет взаимодействия карбида с силицидом титана. Поэтому также был проведен отжиг при температуре Т=1650ºС, но с добавкой к конечному продукту 5 мас.% TiSi2. Отжиг продукта СВС и добавка 5% TiSi2 к конечному продукту приводят к увеличению содержания Ti3SiC2 до 100% с минимальным количеством карбида титана (следы). Полученный однофазный материал на основе карбосилицида титана обеспечивает электропроводимость композиционных покрытий при температурах выше 300˚С.
Результаты опыта подтверждены микрорентгеноструктурным анализом.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА СТРУКТУРООБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ИЗНОСОСТОЙКОСТИ АБРАЗИВНЫХ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ НА МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ СВЯЗКЕ СОСТАВА 51%Fe+9%Ni+32%Cu+8%Sn, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННЫХ ИЗ МЕТАЛЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ ТИТАНОМ
АЛМАЗНЫХ ПОРОШКОВ
Authors: Aghbalyan S.G. , Ordyan N.A. , Martirosyan A.M. , Aghbalyan Artak S. , Poghosyan Kh.V.
Published: September 2021

The process of of structure formation and wear resistance of abrasive tools on the
metal bond of composition 51%Fe+9%Ni+32%Cu+8%Sn made from metallized by titanium
diamond powders is investigated. The metallographical substantiation is introduced, as well
as the wear-resistance and the working capability of abrasive tools are studied. It is shown
that the structure is heterophase and consists of five phases, the first of which is a solid
solution based on nickel, the second is a solid solution of tin, nickel, and iron in copper, the
third is a solid solution of nickel, copper and tin in iron, the fourth and the fifth are
intermetallic compounds with a defective structure. It is revealed that in the developed
composite material, the volume content of heavy components is approximately 63%, the
plastic component occupies approximately 25% of the sample volume, and the intermetallic
phases - approximately 12% of the total volume, which are distributed over the entire sample
surface.
Based on the results of the complex investigation of the operability and wear resistance
of diamond tools manufactured according to the developed technology carried out in the
laboratory and production conditions for processing non-metallic materials, the optimal
modes of manufacturing highly productive and wear-resistant diamond-metal abrasive tools
were selected and substantiated: cold pressing pressure P = 600 MPa, free sintering
temperature: T = 850°C, holding at this temperature: τ = 45 min. Applying the developed
technology as a method for producing a diamond tool ensures the high efficiency of
production.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ
Authors: Chibukhchyan H.S.
Published: September 2021

The modern world with its realities dictates more stringent requirements for mechanical engineering products, based on mutually beneficial scientific and technical cooperation, new innovative technologies for the production and processing of parts, 52
technological modernization and increasing production efficiency, environmental safety, as well as in order to improve the technical and operational characteristics and competitiveness of the manufactured products. However the process of mastering new innovative technologies for the production and processing of parts is often very slow due to both objective and subjective factors. It is important to note that the domestic engineering industry is mainly focused on the purchase of imported equipment and tools and very rarely on the introduction of new high-tech processes. In recent years, the development of mechanical engineering technology, along with the already traditional requirements set to the production of parts and components, is increasingly putting forward the condition for the environmental friendliness of their manufacture.
The aviation industry, for landlocked countries with limited capabilities, is one of the
foundations for ensuring the country's defense capability and exporting high-tech and
expensive products. In this regard, it is of particular importance to improve the technical and operational characteristics and indicators, the quality of aviation products through the use of modern metallic and non-metallic materials, the development and implementation of new highly efficient and environmentally friendly technologies for their production and processing with relatively small capital investments. It should be noted that in recent years, thin-walled parts for various purposes have been widely used in the design of aircraft, and the use of new highly efficient technologies to improve their technical and operational characteristics is of great practical importance.
A sangre y fuego! La intervención de los artilleros canarios en Marruecos tras el desastre de Annual (1921-1923)
Authors:   Doctora en Historia (España), Guerra Hernández Jennifer
Published: September 2021

In summer 1921 thousand of Spanish soldiers died in Annual. The impact news of the press about wild methods of the inhabitants of Riff and the activity of the Army in Africa were the protagonist of the spanish public opinion. For this reason, the troops of the Canary Islands were required to participate in the so-called Campaign of Yebala, in the Moroccan North. The canarian artillery men played an important role in this period, which is analyzed through the testimony of Ramon de Ascanio and León Huerta and Jose Batllori Lorenzo. The social repercussion of their actions and the involvement of the Canarian society in support of the displaced soldiers are reflected in this communication.
Los vegueros canarios en Cuba durante el siglo xviii
Authors:   Graduado en Historia (España), Domínguez Expósito Julio Alberto
Published: September 2021

Tobacco development in Cuba, combined with the Canarian migrant movements for centuries, were important factors of the politics, business, society and culture in the island. Fusion of two realities, tobacco and canary emigrant made the mythical figure of the tobac-co farmer, who was known as veguero along the cuban history. This article wants to shed light on the subject, who together with the vision of «labrador» and «guajiro», will be part of the Cuban collective imaginary.
La cuestión de los tarapaqueños peruanos: chilenización y nación en la antigua jurisdicción de Tarapacá (1918-1922)/
Authors:   Universidad de Santo Tomás de Chile, Aguilera Barraza René
Published: September 2021

This article, based on documentary information, addresses the climate of compulsive violence deployed against the Peruvian Tarapaqueños, between 1918 and 1922. A context of extreme xenophobia that in its first two years will play the key role of the patriotic leagues whose objective was to annul and exclude the Peruvian presence that continued to hinder the consolidation of the national project of the conquerors on Tarapaca soil, 35 years after the signing of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship signed by Chile and Peru, by which the jurisdiction of Tarapacá was legally ceded to Chilean sovereignty
Las obras públicas de Quito en los primeros años del siglo xvii según la documentación del Archivo de Indias
Authors:   Real Academia de Cultura Valenciana (España), Corbalán de Celis y Durán Juan
Published: September 2021

In the years 1601-1604, in the time of the governor Lope de Mendoza, several urban works aimed at fixing the streets and bringing drinking water to their sources, urban reforms that had already begun his predecessor Diego de Portugal. In this short period of time he will carry out an important improvement of the roads of his district with the construction of seven bridges over its plentiful rivers, works these last ones that we believe all of them were carried out by the architect Juan del Corral
La expansión de la banca y el comercio genovés en los siglos xvi y xvii. La presencia de los Vivaldo en la monarquía hispánica
Authors:   Doctora en Historia (España), Gómez Oreña Mercedes
Published: September 2021

The commercial spirit of the great Genoese noble lineages allowed them to become one of the most important and dynamic groups in the commercial and financial network of the Spanish Crown during the 16th and 17th centuries. The Vivaldos will be one of these families, whose economic activities will be highly diversified, being, among others, the businesses around ecclesial income that will provide a great boost, although it will also be the trigger for their downfall.
La doctrina de la potestas omninsular
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de la Plata (Argentina), Pereyra Osvaldo Víctor
Published: September 2021

Before Europeans were «shocked» by the sheer extent of American space opened up by discovery and conquest, the New World was thought —assembled and deconstructed— within the constricting frames of medieval thought. The first functional image that made it possible to «mentally compose» these new spaces was insularity. This image was perfectly suited to the traditional matrix of legal doctrine upheld by the roman papacy that will result in the so-called Alexandrian Bulls of Partition of 1493. The potestas omninsular —developed throughout the Late Middle Ages in Western Europe— constitutes the legal basis that gives meaning to this donation.
Una crisis en la oligarquía urbana del s. xvi: Tenerife en 1561-1562
Authors:   Investigador independiente (España), Rodríguez Yanes José Miguel
Published: September 2021

One of the possible situations throughout a government was the death of the owner, in which case anomalous solutions arose with respect to the regulated ones, since the urban oligarchies would take advantage of the distance of the Court to proceed to a council election of the governor. What happened in the Cabildo of Tenerife at one of those junctures in the middle of the s. XVI with the confrontation between different factions, in a context that explains this struggle, with interventions by the Royal Court of the Canary Islands of the monarchy.
Entrevista a Manuel de Paz Sánchez
Authors:   Investigador independiente (España), Cliocanarias Equipo de redacción
Published: September 2021

The historian chosen to dialogue in this third issue of the magazine is Manuel de Paz Sánchez, professor of American History at the University of La Laguna, whose contributions to the history (of the archipelago and of America) are extraordinary in quantity and quality, covering diverse facets as a researcher, founder-director of a renowned collection of history books, director of almost a dozen doctoral theses, etc.
Homo videns: tecnología digital y finalidades socioeducativas de la enseñanza de la historia
Authors:   Universitat de València (España), Colomer Rubio Juan Carlos
Published: September 2021

This study presents how the implementation of digital technology has conditioned the teaching of Social Sciences (Geography-History), especially with regard to the answer to the questions: What to teach? What for? and How? Faced with the accepted slogan with technology there is educational innovation, this paper emphasises the importance of a coherent use of technological media as a complement to teaching and learning, which must necessarily involve didactic and technological knowledge of the content to be taught
Documentos para la historia de los montes de Gran Canaria: las actas de la Junta de Montes (1788-1793)
Authors:   Doctor en Historia (España), Brito González Alexis Daniel
Published: September 2021

The Junta de Montes of Gran Canaria was a council created with the intention of preserving what was left of the mountains of that island at the end of the 18th century. The minute book of this council is an interesting and new instrument to understand the actions undertaken by it, given the scarcity of documentary sources that are preserved of the Gran Canaria council in the Old Regime.
Association of vitamin B12 deficiency with metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes treated in the largest tertiary care hospital in Qatar
Authors: Yousef Khan Fahmi , Yousif Abdelmonem B. , Suliman Aasir , Saleh Ahmed Osman , Magdi Mohamed , Alshurafa Awni , Abdelmoneim Hassan Ebtihal , Ghazy Ahmed , Salameh Omar K. , Abdallah Ahmed
Published: September 2021

Background: Data on the effect of metformin on serum vitamin B12 (VitB12) level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Qatar are limited; therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of VitB12 deficiency and its related factors among patients with T2DM treated with metformin at Hamad General Hospital in Doha, Qatar, from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2017.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study involved patients with T2DM aged ≥ 18 years who used metformin for at least 3 months. The serum VitB12 was quantified on a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay analyzer using Cobas e 801 module, Roche, and VitB12 deficiency was defined as serum VitB12 level of ≤ 145 pmol/L. All data were obtained from the patients’ electronic medical records.

Results: The study recruited 3124 eligible patients with T2DM. The overall prevalence of metformin-associated VitB12 deficiency was 30.7% [95% confidence of interval, 0.290–0.323]. A significant difference exists in the median VitB12 levels between the VitB12-normal and VitB12-deficient groups [129 vs. 286; p < 0.001]. Compared with the VitB12-normal group, the VitB12-deficient group had higher mean body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and consumed higher doses of metformin (p = 0.001). They also more often used sulfonylurea (p = 0.004), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (p < 0.001), thiazolidinediones (p < 0.001), glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] receptor agonists (p < 0.001), alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (p < 0.001), and H2 blocker/proton pump inhibitors [PPI] (p < 0.001) than the VitB12-normal group. Moreover, the VitB12-normal group consumed more calcium supplements (p < 0.001) than the VitB12-deficient group. In the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for metformin-associated VitB12 deficiency in patients with T2DM include high daily dose of metformin >2000 mg, male gender, high BMI, smoking, sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, H2 blockers/PPI, low fasting blood glucose, and low hemoglobin.

Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of VitB12 deficiency in patients with T2DM taking metformin and a significant negative correlation between the daily dose of metformin and serum VitB12 level. Therefore, regular screening for serum VitB12 is necessary in patients with T2DM on metformin treatment, especially those who have the abovementioned risk factors.
Role of endoscopic ultrasound elastography in differential diagnosis of pancreatic solid masses
Authors: Almasri Bashar , Ali Ayman
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography is another technique that measures the stiffness of tissue and adds more diagnostic value to EUS.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the ability of qualitative and quantitative EUS elastography in differentiating malignant from benign solid pancreatic masses.

Methods: This 2-year cross-sectional study enrolled 80 patients with solid pancreatic masses in the department of endoscopy in Alassad University Hospital who underwent conventional and elastography-assisted EUS and then followed for pathology through EUS-guided or CT-guided biopsy or surgery.

Results: Qualitative elastography using a 5-point scoring system was able to recognize malignant pathology (obtained by EUS-guided biopsy, CT-guided biopsy, or surgery) with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 100%, 28.6%, and 81.3%, respectively. A quantitative method using hue histogram had a sensitivity of 71.2%–86.4% and specificity of 71.4%–81% with the best accuracy for histogram mean ratio (area under the curve, 0.867).

Conclusion: EUS elastography is a simple and good alternative method in differentiating malignant from benign pancreatic solid masses.
Of Protest, the Commons, and Customary Public Rights: An Ancient Tale of the Lawful Forest
Authors: Clark Cristy , Page John
Published: September 2021

This article explores an ancient tale of customary public rights that starts and ends with the landmark decision of Brown v Tasmania. In Brown, Australia’s highest court recognised a public right to protest in forests. Harking back 800 years to the limits of legal memory, and the Forest Charter of 1217, this right is viewed through the metaphor of the lawful forest, a relational notion of property at the margins of legal orthodoxy. Inherent to this tale is the tension that pits private enclosure against the commons, a contest that endures across time and place – from 13th century struggles against the Norman legal forest, through to modern claims of rights to the city.
Reconceptualising Current Issues in the Law and Practice of Consent Determinations under the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth)
Authors: Moss Aaron
Published: September 2021

Although consent determinations play a key role in native title law, little scholarly attention has been given to their operation. This article synthesises judicial commentary in this area to argue that claimed differences between judges as to the circumstances in which it will be ‘appropriate’ to give effect to a consent determination reached between the parties are more apparent than real. Nevertheless, and for the avoidance of confusion, this article propounds a new model for the ‘appropriateness’ test in sections 87 and 87A of the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), based upon key values drawn from the Federal Court’s collective jurisprudence. Demonstrating the importance of this model, the article then considers the practical uncertainty arising from the use of ‘generic extinguishment clauses’ in response to the difficulties posed by tenure analysis. Cautioning that the use of such clauses may prove counterproductive, this article encourages negotiating parties to adopt current tenure analysis.
Disembodied Data and Corporeal Violation: Our Gendered Privacy Law Priorities and Preoccupations
Authors: Lake Jessica
Published: September 2021

Whether one is more (or less) concerned with issues of image rights or the use of online tracking mechanisms by retailers, the role of CCTV in city streets, the ability to access a safe abortion, the media’s publication of salacious stories, the ability of government agencies to collect personal information, or the abuse and harassment of individuals in the home or online is likely to be influenced by social and historical experience. In this article I argue that such experience and consequent investments in ‘privacy’ are also gendered and should be recognised as such by legal scholars of privacy, legislators and courts. Privacy law relates inextricably to the self and calls into question how we (as individuals and groups) envision, articulate and perform our sense of self. It marks out boundaries between persons and perceived sources of power and oppression. This article examines three periods of heated privacy law debate (mid 19th century, turn of 20th century and 1960s/70s) and demonstrates that whereas men’s privacy priorities primarily focused on controlling and concealing information about themselves; women’s privacy issues mostly centred on protecting against violations of themselves. Masculine privacy focuses on the ways in which disembodied or abstract data – guarded by or as forms of property – poses challenges to professional and public reputations. Feminine constructions of privacy are preoccupied with invasions of the autonomy and dignity of embodied selves. In order to further develop privacy law in Australia, we must first recognize that gender fundamentally influences our paradigms and priorities of privacy protection – as seen in pressing debates about online consumer data protection and ‘revenge pornography’.
The Importance of Lawyers in International Tax Policy Design and Development: An Exploration and Extension of the Legal-Economic Literature
Authors: Kayis-Kumar Ann
Published: September 2021

The advent of the global digital economy has increased opportunities for aggressive tax planning by multinational enterprises (‘MNEs’). Governments are increasingly faced with the competing objectives of remaining internationally competitive and encouraging foreign investment while also protecting their national tax bases. Two key trends have had a significant impact on the international tax debate. First, over the past three decades, the rise of MNEs and the prominence – and dominance – of inter-company trade as a proportion of global trade has fundamentally shifted the influence of individual governments’ tax policies. Second, even though corporate tax policy has traditionally been a field dominated by economists, there is now a shift towards ‘politicisation’ of the debate. The focus of this article is on the importance of legal practitioners and scholars in assisting with meaningful reform at the intersection of these two trends – and examining alternative theoretical approaches to tax policy. In doing so, this article also bridges two disciplines by combining legal analysis with linear optimisation modelling (to simulate a tax-minimising MNE’s behavioural responses to both existing and proposed tax legislation). Ultimately, it is hoped that this research will present a platform for further discussion on the tax treatment of cross-border intercompany transactions, and facilitate the development of improvements to both the tax law design and drafting.
Small Defamation Claims in Small Claims Jurisdictions: Worth Considering for the Sake of Proportionality?
Authors: Gould Kim
Published: September 2021

Online communication continues to pose challenges for the law and the administration of justice. One such challenge concerns its propensity to give rise to small defamation claims between ordinary people given the often-enormous costs of litigating defamation claims before the ordinary courts. This article promotes a reform agenda directed to meeting this challenge by (1) demonstrating the need for a proportionate means for resolving small defamation claims, having regard to access to justice considerations and other wider concerns; (2) establishing reasonable grounds for seriously considering deploying the traditional small-claims-proportionate response – small claims jurisdictions – for this purpose notwithstanding contraindications including the infamous complexity of defamation law; and (3) advancing a research pathway for the proportionate treatment of small defamation claims to guide decision-making and innovation. This article also advocates for consideration of this important issue in the ‘national reform process’ launched in 2018 for Australian defamation law.
It Takes a Village: Civil Society Regulation of Employment Standards for Temporary Migrant Workers in Australian Horticulture
Authors: Clibborn Stephen
Published: September 2021

How can civil society actors address regulatory deficiencies in complex systems? The challenge of regulating employment standards in non-unionised industries is shared by many developed countries. In industries like horticulture, violation of minimum employment standards for vulnerable temporary migrant workers is widespread and state employment regulators struggle to enforce laws. This article examines the challenge at a system level incorporating a range of civil society stakeholders. It conceptualises a regional town and its surrounding horticulture-dependent economy and society as a complex system in which stakeholders face the challenge of reputational damage among temporary migrant farm workers, threatening future labour supply. This ‘tragedy of the commons’ was created by some stakeholders acting solely in their individual interests by underpaying and otherwise mistreating the workers. Using a qualitative approach including 30 interviews, focusing on a single farming region in Queensland, Australia, this article identifies the conditions in which civil society stakeholders in a horticulture system regulate employment standards through orienting and connecting with one another to advance both individual and shared interests.
Contextualism: ‘The Modern Approach to Statutory Interpretation’
Authors: Barnes Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

The widespread realisation that ‘[l]egislation is the cornerstone of the modern legal system’ (Justice McHugh) has brought increased judicial and scholarly attention to legislation’s partner, statutory interpretation. In CIC Insurance Ltd v Bankstown Football Club Ltd (1997) 187 CLR 384 the High Court of Australia referred to the ‘modern approach to statutory interpretation’. That modern approach has subsequently been called ‘contextualism’. The central questions addressed in this article are: what is contextualism? Is it principled? And is it a coherent general approach? After stating and illustrating key principles from six High Court cases, the author considers challenges to contextualism, including textualism and purposivism. Like the statutes it monitors, statutory interpretation may be ‘broad and deep and variegated’, as Lord Wilberforce once observed. But, at the same time, it is concluded that statutory interpretation does not lack a general approach that lends coherence to the interpretative enterprise – for contextualism performs this function.
Monetary Awards for Public Law Wrongs: Australia’s Resistant Legal Landscape
Authors: Rock Ellen , Weeks Greg
Published: September 2021

The idea of introducing a monetary remedy for harm arising out of the misdirected exercise of public power has waxed and waned in popularity in Australia over the years. Though few would dispute the intuitive appeal of the sentiment that wrongs should not go unremedied, the question of how harm arising from maladministration could, or should, be repaired remains unresolved. This article canvasses a number of the potential justifications for the creation of such a remedy, before noting the various avenues the Australian courts have considered, and closed down, which might otherwise have led in that direction. These rejected opportunities have included the expansion of existing tort actions, the creation of new causes of action in tort, and the interpretation of statutory remedial powers. Whatever the merit of a remedy on this front, it is clear that it will need to be a matter of legislative, rather than judicial, intervention.
Analogical Reasoning by Reference to Statute: What is the Judicial Function?
Authors: Gordon Michelle
Published: September 2021

Analogy by reference to statute as a tool of legal analysis in the development of the common law is not prohibited. Recent cases confirm not only the existence of the tool but provide evidence of its use and application. However, to state that the judiciary on occasion develops the common law by analogy to statute – a concept that has been labelled the ‘doctrine of analogy’ – is simply to make a statement of conclusion. And that statement of conclusion invites several further questions. Is analogical reasoning by reference to statute qualitatively different from the usual type of analogical reasoning on which the common law depends? From what authority is this mode of reasoning derived? Put in different terms – what is the judicial function? This paper proposes that viewing the development of the common law through the lens of formal rules and substantive reasoning can assist in identifying the way the judiciary develops the common law by reference to statute, and the basis upon which the judiciary develops the common law by reference to statute.
Informing the Euthanasia Debate: Perceptions of Australian Politicians
Authors: McGee Andrew , Purser Kelly , Stackpoole Christopher , White Ben , Willmott Lindy , Davis Juliet
Published: September 2021

In the debate on euthanasia or assisted dying, many different arguments have been advanced either for or against legal reform in the academic literature, and much contemporary academic research seeks to engage with these arguments. However, very little research has been undertaken to track the arguments that are being advanced by politicians when Bills proposing reform are debated in Parliament. Politicians will ultimately decide whether legislative reform will proceed and, if so, in what form. It is therefore essential to know what arguments the politicians are advancing in support of or against legal reform so that these arguments can be assessed and scrutinised. This article seeks to fill this gap by collecting, synthesising and mapping the pro- and anti-euthanasia and assisted dying arguments advanced by Australian politicians, starting from the time the first ever euthanasia Bill was introduced.
Judge v Robot? Artificial Intelligence and Judicial Decision-Making
Authors: Sourdin Tania
Published: September 2021

As technology continues to change the way in which we work and function, there are predictions that many aspects of human activity will be replaced or supported by newer technologies. Whilst many human activities have changed over time as a result of human advances, more recent shifts in the context of technological change are likely to have a broader impact on some human functions that have previously been largely undisturbed. In this regard, technology is already changing the practice of law and may for example, reshape the process of judging by either replacing, supporting or supplementing the judicial role. Such changes may limit the extent to which humans are engaged in judging with an increasing emphasis on artificial intelligence to deal with smaller civil disputes and the more routine use of related technologies in more complex disputes.
& Público Sénior
Authors: Daré Ana Cristina
Published: September 2021

A importância da luz para todos os seres vivos e para o homem em particular é revelada pelo fato de que os indivíduos estão preparados para funcionar corretamente durante o dia. A importância da luz ultrapassa os limites do pensamento e da imaginação. É impossível conceber a atividade do homem sem essa forma de energia, não sendo, também, viável definir os seres vivos na ausência de luz.A população mundial tem sofrido uma evolução, desde o final do séc. XX, com o crescimento dos indivíduos idosos.Neste artigo apresentamos uma análise crítica sobre qualidade da luz nos espaços interiores, através do   reconhecimento de parâmetros que proporcionem uma melhor vivência e promova a interação entre os indivíduos idosos e o espaço construído.Reconhecer o significado da luz e o impacto que promove no círculo circadiano deve ser considerado nos projetos de design de iluminação, com uma visão abrangente sobre a relação entre a iluminação e o envelhecimento, com o foco centrado em quem vivencia o espaço, privilegiando o conforto, bem-estar e segurança.
evocative and taste experience in food design.
Authors: Veneziano Rosanna , Carlomagno Michela
Published: September 2021

Our research explores new perspectives of food design through a multidisciplinary and collaborative process that interprets the concept of conviviality by providing an experience of interaction with food focusing on narrative and evocative components that become tools of territorial valorization, of resources and know-how.Many designers investigated food design topic by attributing aesthetic and formal values and critical and speculative elements to the food. The work aims to explore the expressive and functional levels of food, implementing its “emotional features” and consolidating the connection between senses and behaviour. The main results obtained are the development and test of narrative and taste tools, generated by the collaboration with a starry chef and users, to create a dining experience linked with territorial identities and memories, exploring new interactions.The connection between the project and food has evolved and enriched of themes that go beyond the need to feed and therefore transforming, cooking and eating meals by attributing to the food aesthetic and formal values, but also critical and speculative. (Finessi, 2013)The paradigm change that occurred in the last two decades has led to consider food as an object (Giuxè, 2020), focused on the observation of the changes in convivial habits, has spawned new project fields and new alliances between skills, disciplines and community. The actions of the project are able to strengthen the expressive and functional levels of food, implementing its “emotional features” and consolidating the connection between senses and behaviour.
Repercusiones del temor al contagio por covid-19 en la salud mental de mujeres trabajadoras embarazadas en ecuador
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Barral Coral Sandra , Albán Pérez Guido ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador
Published: September 2021

The fear of contagion by COVID-19 in pregnant women and its possible consequences on the emotions, behaviors and fears of pregnancy has been a subject little approached from the labor perspective. The purpose of this research was to describe the relationship and establish the inference that fear of contagion has had on the mental health of pregnant working women in Ecuador. The study was cross-sectional with correlational scope. A 25-question questionnaire was developed that was applied during prenatal check-ups to 48 women. The results show that there is a relationship between fear of contagion and mental health, which was measured through the presence of emotional disorders, of the amount of sleep, in the perception of greater safety of home birth, its preference as a place of childbirt and in the increase of fears of pregnancy, especially those related to diseases or malformations in neonate and not being able to feed them. What has been found in other countries has been confirmed as consequences of the fear of contagion in pregnant women. The results suggest the need to include psychologists in occupational medical services that treat these manifestations with a salutogenic and preventive approach. Keywords: COVID-19, fear, job, pregnancy.
Providing evidence in Early Modern Bologna
Authors: Biffis Mattia
Published: September 2021

This article provides a scientific introduction to the papers that are collected in the first section of Acta, originating from a workshop on "The Art of Truth: Providing Evidence in Early Modern Bologna" organized at the Norwegian Institute in Rome in October 2019.
 
On cover:ANNIBALE CARRACCI (BOLOGNA 1560 - ROME 1609), An Allegory of Truth and Time c. 1584-1585.Oil on canvas | 130,0 x 169,6 cm. (support, canvas/panel/str external) | RCIN 404770Royal Collection Trust / © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2021.
Europäischer Grundrechtsschutz
Authors: Gourdet Sascha
Published: September 2021

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union is becoming increasingly important in the EU member states. This is demonstrated not least by the decisions of the German Federal Constitutional Court on the so-called "right to be forgotten“. However, the scope of application of the Charter has not been fully clarified more than 10 years after its entry into force. This thesis first examines the question of how this scope is to be defined in more detail. Based on this, balancing solutions are shown, which allow the interaction of Charter rights and national fundamental rights. The question of the "last word" must remain open in the European fundamental rights system. Strengthening the protection of European fundamental rights can be achieved through judical dialogue. Finally, the impact of the EU's accession to the ECHR is discussed.
Management of Covid-19 Disease in Pediatric Oncology Patients
Authors: Mine Cakmak Hatice
Published: September 2021

Pediatric cancer patients are immunocompromised, and the risks are higher in this population. Confirmed cases are defined as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) positive patients. The severity of infection is divided into four groups: asymptomatic/mild, moderate, severe, and critical, based on the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features. In the pediatric population, the COVID-19 disease has a mild course. Chemotherapy courses can be interrupted according to the symptoms and severity of the disease. Azithromycin, antivirals are used as a single agent or in combination. In critical patients, convalescent plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, tocilizumab, and granulocyte transfusions are administered. In recent studies, having hematological malignancy, stem cell transplantation, a mixed infection, and abnormal computerized tomography findings increase the severity of the disease and the need for an intensive care unit. Therefore, the patients and their families should be aware of a higher risk of severe forms than immunocompetent children.
The Dark Side of YouTube: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Hattingh Marie
Published: September 2021

The prolific use of social media platforms, such as YouTube, has paved the way for the potential consumption of inappropriate content that targets the vulnerable, especially impressionable adolescents. The systematic review of literature has identified 24 papers that focused on the “dark side” of YouTube for adolescent users. The analysis showed that eight themes emerged: the glamorization of smoking, the promotion of alcohol use, videos that focused on body image/health, videos on bullying, self-harm/suicide, advertising, drugs and general vulnerabilities. The results revealed that videos that contain smoking and alcohol frequently feature sexualized imagery. Smoking videos also frequently feature violence. Smoking and alcohol are also often featured in music videos. The analysis also showed that researchers call for awareness, more strict advertising guidelines and promotion of health messages especially in terms of body image/health, self-harm/suicide and bullying. It is recommended that parents regulate the YouTube consumption of their younger adolescent children, as children do not always understand the risks associated with the content consumed, or might get desensitized against the risks associated with the content.