bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-industry transformation: Structural modifications and innovative development
Authors: AKBERDINA Viktoriya V. , SMIRNOVA Ol'ga P.
Published: July 2021

Subject. The cross-industry transformation is viewed from perspectives of the cross-industry interaction in industrial complexes and the integration of industrial technologies, which can be used directly in unrelated industries, with the multiplicative effect giving an impetus to S&T development of the nation. Objectives. We identify key aspects and new technological trends in the industry and analyze the innovative activity as a driver of structural changes in the economy. Methods. The study is based on methods of systems, structural-functional, comparative, economic-statistical and comprehensive approaches to analyzing the safe and sustainable operation of industries. Results. The article reviews issues of the integration or intellectual and information technologies into business structures of the industrial production for profit-making and competitive advantages in the market. We determined versatile indicators of the sustainable industrial development as there technological changes induce the large transformation. We display the structure of the industrial sector over time by type of economic activity, analyzing the degree and dynamism of the innovative activity in high-tech, mid-tech and low-tech production. Despite the positive dynamics of the Industrial Production Index, the percentage of the industrial sector in GDP has been shrinking for several years in a row, with the major portion being contributed by the servicing sector. Conclusions and Relevance. The digitalization of the industrial sector is one of the principal trends in the global economic development, with digital cross-industrial technological processes prevailing in all industries, reshaping their structure and bringing innovations and modernization. The use and broad integration of digital technologies gives enterprises a competitive advantage for sustainable development, which is indispensable without additional financial injections into such technologies.
The Effects of Substance Use on Public Perceptions of Rape Crimes
Authors:   University Of San Diego, Golubovic Nedeljko
Published: July 2021

This paper will review the influence substance use has on public perceptions of rape crimes. We will examine an apparent double standard the public has towards survivors and perpetrators who consumed substances prior to the assault, and we will discuss professional implications and suggestions for future research.
Multi-Site Dissemination of Four-Session Individual Transcending Self Therapy: An Integrative Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Substance Use Disorders
Authors:   Virginia Commonwealth University, K Polak
Published: July 2021

Efficacious interventions for Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) among veterans are of central importance. To address this need, Transcending Self Therapy: Four-Session Individual Integrative Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (Individual-TST-I-CBT) was developed.
Twin D-Frail Study Protocol: Does Vitamin D Link Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction to Sarcopenic Frailty
Authors:   Western Sydney University, AT Amarasekera
Published: July 2021

A low vitamin D state and vitamin D deficiency is common in the elderly and has been correlated with various cardiovascular risk factors and events. Vitamin D deficiency has been demonstrated to play a major role in the pathogenesis of physical frailty and hypothesized to contribute to physical frailty through sarcopenia (the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with aging).
Training Master’s in Nursing Program of Nam Dinh University of Nursing and University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City
Authors:   Master, Ministry Of Education And Training, Vietnam, Japan, Hien NP
Published: July 2021

Four capacity groups with 30 skills should keep teaching in the master’s in nursing program. However, it is necessary to add more content to the program to help students applying the knowledge on writing the research thesis and improve the professional skills in the future.
Innovative Strategies to Enhance Knowledge Acquisition towards Improving Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Education
Authors:   Division Of Nursing, Winston Salem State University, United States, Hall Susan
Published: July 2021

The aim of this paper is to enhance nurse educator’s knowledge of innovative strategies to improved students’ learning. When providing education on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), it is projected that more learners will be moved to organize and act against IPV within the framework of social justice.
Interaction effects of asthma and rhinitis control on work productivity and activity impairment: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Wen Juan , Liu Ying , Wang Gang , Deng Ke , Liu Lei , Wang Ji , Oliver Brian G. , Wang Ting , Kang De Ying , Wang Lei , Li Wei Min , Wang Gang
Published: July 2021

Background: Symptomatic asthma and rhinitis negatively impact patients' work productivity and activity. However, little is known about the potential interaction effect of both asthma and rhinitis control on work productivity and activity impairment. Objective:
This study aimed to explore whether there are interaction effects of asthma and rhinitis control on work productivity and activity impairment in patients with asthma and with rhinitis. Methods: A total of 206 adult patients were prospectively recruited and were divided
into four groups: both poorly controlled (BPC) n = 53), poorly controlled asthma (PCA) with controlled rhinitis (CR) (n = 38), well controlled asthma with uncontrolled rhinitis (n = 43), and both well controlled (BWC) (n = 72) based on the symptom control status of asthma and rhinitis. Work
productivity loss and activity impairment, asthma control, and rhinitis control were assessed by using work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire: general health, the asthma control test, and the rhinitis control assessment test, respectively. General linear regression models
were used to study the contribution of asthma control, rhinitis control, and the interaction effect on work productivity and activity impairment. Results: Work productivity loss was most frequently reported in patients in the BPC group. Compared with the patients in the
BWC group, the patients in the PCA-CR group had significantly higher activity impairment and worse asthma-related quality of life (both p < 0.001). There were significant interaction effects of asthma and rhinitis control, which accounted for the increase in presenteeism, work productivity
loss, and activity impairment (all p < 0.001). Although differences in absenteeism were not significant among the groups, there was a significant interaction effect of control levels accounted for absenteeism (p = 0.035). Conclusion: Distinct interaction effects of asthma
and rhinitis control reflected a link between upper and lower airways, which indicated that rhinitis control and the interaction effects of asthma and rhinitis control cannot be neglected during asthma management.
Shattered crust: how brittle deformation enables Critical Zone processes beneath southern Africa
Authors: Dhansay T.
Published: July 2021

The delicate interplay of various Earth’s systems processes in the Critical Zone is vital in ensuring an equilibrium across the different spheres of life. The upper crust forms a thin veneer on the Earth’s surface that is defined by an interconnected network of brittle structures. These brittle structures enable various Earth System processes. Increased anthropogenic interactions within the very upper crust have seemingly resulted in a growing number of negative natural effects, including induced seismicity, mine water drainage and land degradation. Brittle structures across South Africa are investigated. These structures include various fractures and dykes of different ages and geodynamic evolutions. The orientation of these structures is compared to the underlying tectonic domains and their bounding suture zones. The orientations corroborate an apparent link between the formation of the brittle structures and the tectonic evolution of the southern African crust. Reactivation and the creation of new structures are also apparent. These are linked to the variability of the surrounding stress field and are shown to have promoted magmatism, e.g., Large Igneous Provinces, and the movement of hydrothermal fluids. These fluids were commonly responsible for the formation of important mineral deposits. The preferred structural orientations and their relationship to underlying tectonic zones are also linked to fractured groundwater aquifers. Subsurface groundwater displays a link to structural orientations. This comparison is extended to surficial water movement. Surface water movement also highlights an apparent link to brittle structures. The apparent correlation between these Earth’s systems processes and the interconnectivity developed by brittle structures are clear. This highlights the importance of high-resolution geological and structural mapping and linking this to further development of the Earth’s Critical Zone.
Trends in Pressure Injury Development in Patients With Lower Motor Neuron and Upper Motor Neuron Lesions: A Retrospective Descriptive Study
Authors: Catania Quyen , Morgan Marjorie , Martin Rebecca
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at high risk of pressure injury (PrI) development, but there is limited information about the effect of injury patterns (ie, upper motor neuron [UMN] or lower motor neuron [LMN] presentations) on PrI risk. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to explore the rate of PrI development in patients with LMN and UMN lesions. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive review of data from patients who were treated at a specialized outpatient SCI rehabilitation center in Baltimore, MD, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2019. Patients with neurological levels T8 and below, any type of SCI motor ability, and whose records were complete were included in the study. Data extracted included age, sex, date of injury, injury type, modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score (ie, scale representing resistance to passive movement), date MAS was performed, body mass index, Spinal Cord Independent Measures-III, Braden Scale scores, ambulatory status, antispasticity medication, presence or history of PrI, and method of closure. Patients with a score of 0 on the MAS and without pharmacological management for spasticity were included in the LMN group, and patients with a score greater than 0 on the MAS with or without pharmacological management were included in the UMN group. Variables were compared using mean ± standard deviations, range, t-test, and Pearson’s chi-squared and Fisher exact tests where appropriate. P values < .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 602 records examined, 194 were complete and met inclusion criteria. Most patients (119, 61.34%) were male and classified in the UMN group (162, 84%). Mean age and time since injury were 35.20 ± 18.78 and 6.20 ± 7.62 years, respectively. Seventy-three (73) of 194 patients (37.6%) had, or had a history of, a PrI; 21 (66%) in the LMN and 52 (32%) in the UMN group (X21 = 12.8; P < .001). Statistically significant differences were noted between persons with LMN and UMN in terms of Braden Scale scores, age, body mass index, Spinal Cord Independent Measures-III, and time since injury. Compared with the UMN group, more patients in the LMN group had motor complete injuries with ISNCSCI levels A/B (P < .001) and were nonambulatory (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm that patients with SCI have a high rate of PrI development. The percentage of PrIs was significantly higher in the LMN than in the UMN group. Additional studies to examine the other variables that were significantly different between groups and their effect on PrI risk are needed.
A Multicenter, Blinded, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of Omega-3–Rich Fish Skin in the Treatment of Chronic, Nonresponsive Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Lullove Eric , Liden Brock , Winters Christopher , McEneaney Patrick , Raphael Allen , Lantis II John
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Omega-3–rich fish skin grafts have been shown to accelerate wound healing in full-thickness wounds. Objective. The goal of this study was to compare the fish skin graft with standard of care (SOC) using collagen alginate dressing in the management of treatment-resistant diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), defined as superficial ulcers not involving tendon capsule or bone. Materials and Methods. Patients with DFUs who were first treated with SOC (offloading, appropriate debridement, and moist wound care) for a 2-week screening period were then randomized to either receiving SOC alone or SOC plus fish skin graft applied weekly for up to 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percentage of wounds closed at 12 weeks. Results. Forty-nine patients were included in the final analysis. At 12 weeks, 16 of 24 patients' DFUs (67%) in the fish skin arm were completely closed, compared with 8 of 25 patients' DFUs (32%) in the SOC arm (P value = .0152 [N = 49]; significant at P < .047). At 6 weeks, the percentage area reduction was 41.2% in the SOC arm and 72.8% in the fish skin arm. Conclusions. The application of fish skin graft to previously nonresponsive DFUs resulted in significantly more fully healed wounds at 12 weeks than SOC alone. The study findings support the use of fish skin graft for chronic DFUs that do not heal with comprehensive SOC treatment.
Adjustable, Skin-Stretching External Fixation Device and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy Application for Infected Full-Thickness Skin Defects: A Case Series Study
Authors: Peng Ye , Zhang Wei , Bokhari Faran , Cao Zuo , Zhang Gongzi , Zhang Shuwei , Zhang Lihai
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Skin defects—especially infected, massive full-thickness defects—can be challenging to manage. Traditionally, defects are repaired using free flaps or musculocutaneous flaps. Many side effects and complications are associated with flaps, however, such as infection, pain, donor site pain, and poor cosmesis. Objective. This case series evaluates the use of an adjustable, skin-stretching external fixation device and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to repair soft tissue defects. Materials and Methods. In this retrospective series, 7 patients with skin defects were treated with an adjustable, skin-stretching external fixation device and NPWT between January 2014 and December 2017. All patients were followed until complete healing was achieved. Each patient’s age, sex, defect size, mechanism of injury, healing time, results, and complications were recorded. Results. The average patient age was 37.43 years ± 10.47 SD (range, 26–55 years). The average skin defect area was 14.5 cm2 ± 5.26 * 23.25 ± 9.01 cm2 (range, 7–15 cm2 * 10–30 cm2), and average healing time was 3.29 months ± 1.60 (range, 1–6 months). All defects healed, and 2 patients developed ulcers. Conclusions. This series showed the adjustable, skin-stretching external fixation device and NPWT to be a simple, safe, and effective means of managing skin defects, with minimal complications.
Use of Amniotic Tissue–Derived Allografts Post-Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Preliminary Study Assessing Wound Closure Rate
Authors: Seaton Kayleen , Mullens Dustin , Barr Jason , Hull Elizabeth , Averitte Richard
Published: July 2021

Introduction. When closure is not feasible, Mohs micrographic surgical wounds typically are left to heal by secondary intention and require weeks to close. Amniotic tissue–derived allograft (ATDA) has proven successful in promoting wound closure in diabetic and refractory wounds, and it may be beneficial for patients who have undergone Mohs micrographic surgery. Objective. The authors conducted a preliminary study to assess the efficacy of ATDA in speeding wound closure time and improving cosmetic outcomes in the specified patient population. Materials and Methods. Patients received an injection of amniotic fluid, an overlay of amniotic membrane, or standard of care. Photographs of wounds taken at the time of treatment and at each subsequent visit were analyzed. Results. The cosmetic outcome and time to wound closure appeared to be improved in patients treated with ATDA when compared with expected outcomes. Owing to small sample size, differences in initial defect size, and variety of body locations, the wound closure rate between treatment groups was not found to be significantly different with most comparisons. Statistical significance was seen, however, when normalized closure rates between membrane and control intervention were compared after outlier analysis (P = .0288). Conclusions. Data indicate that ATDA treatment may be beneficial and suggest that further investigation of the efficacy of ATDA to promote wound healing and improve cosmetic outcomes of post-Mohs surgical wounds is warranted. Future studies should be designed to match initial defect size and location between control and treatment groups.
Kadın girişimcilerin finansal sosyalizasyonu ve finansal okuryazarlığı üzerine İzmir ilinde bir araştırma
Authors: CANSEVER Didem , KIZILDAĞ Duygu
Published: July 2021

Finansal sosyalizasyon bireylerin finansal bilgilerini, becerilerini, tutumlarını ve davranışlarını şekillendirmesine katkı sağlayanbir süreçtir. Bireylerin;aile, arkadaşlar, okul, medya ve din gibi farklı finansal sosyalizasyon araçlarından etkilendiği bu süreçte, finansal karar alma anlayış larının temeli oluşmaktadır. Finansal araçlarıve kavramları öğrenen bireylerin, daha rasyonel kararlar alarak, finansal iyiliği sağlayacak davranışlarsergilemesi mümkün olabilmektedir. Literatürdeki çalışmalarda da finansal sosyalizasyon, bireylerinfinansal okuryazar olma vasfı kazanması ve davranışlarının şekillenmesine etki eden önemli unsurlardan biri olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çerçeveden hareketle çalışmanın amacı, finansal sosyalizasyonun kadın girişimcilerin finansal okuryazarlığı üzerindeki rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmada, İzmir ilinde faaliyet gösteren bir iş kadınları derneğininüyelerinden yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır.Mülakatlarda finansal okuryazarlığın gelir, bütçe, harcama, tasarruf, borçlanma, yatırım ve emeklilik boyutlarıekseninde, finansal sosyalizasyonun finansal tutum ve davranışların şekillenmesinde nasıl bir rolüolduğubelirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Araştırma sonucunda, finansal sosyalizasyon araçlarından “ailenin” örneklemde yer alan kadın girişimcilerin finansal okuryazarlığı üzerinde etkili bir role sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Finansal sosyalizasyon sürecinde aileden etkilenen kadın girişimcilerin benzer tutum ve davranışlar sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, örneklemdeki kadın girişimcilerin finansal okuryazarlık boyutlarında bilinçli tutum ve davranışlar sergiledikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Türev araç kullanımının firma performansı üzerine etkisi: BİST imalat sanayi firmaları uygulaması
Authors: AKIN AKSOY Emine Ebru , ŞENGÜL Fatma Betül
Published: July 2021

Firmalar sistematik ve sistematik olmayan çeşitli risklere maruz kalmaktadırlar. Firmalar bu riskleri önlemek veya risklerin olumsuz sonuçlarını azaltmak için çeşitli yöntemlere başvururlar. Risk yönetiminde kullandıkları yöntemlerden biri de türev araçlardır. Forward, fütursa, swap ve opsiyon olarak sıralanan türev araçlarla faiz oranı riski , kur değişim riski ve fiyat değişimi riski gibi mali riskler yönetilmeye çalışılır. Ancak türev araç kullanımının riski azaltıcı etkisi yanında ek maliyetleri de olabildiği için firma performansı üzerine etkisi büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu nedenle ilgili çalışmada türev araç kullanımının firmaların performansları üzerine olan etkisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. İlgili çalışmada Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören İmalat Sanayi firmalarının türev araç kullanımlarının firma performansı üzerine olan etkisi 2014-2018 dönemi için 176 firmada incelenmiştir. Performans ölçüsü olarak aktif karlılığı (ROA) ve öz sermaye karlılığı (ROE) bağımlı değişken olarak alınmıştır. Firma büyüklüğü, finansal kaldıraç, cari oran ve türev araçlar kullanımı ise kontrol değişken olarak modele ilave edilmiştir. Panel Veri Analizinin kullanıldığı çalışmanın sonucunda türev araç kullanımının karlılık üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de imalat sanayi sektöründe faaliyet gösteren firmaların türev araç kullanımlarının ek maliyetleri risk yönetiminin sağladığı faydadan daha yüksektir.
Improved Piglet Performance and Reduced Mortality and Antimicrobial use Following Oral Vaccination with a Live Non-Pathogenic Escherichia coli F4/F18 Vaccine Against Post-Weaning Diarrhoea
Authors:   BU Food Animals, Plantijn en Moretuslei 1A, 2018 Antwerpen, Belgium, F Vangroenweghe
Published: July 2021

Background: Post-Weaning Diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs is a worldwide economically important disease, which is frequently controlled using antimicrobials. However, emergence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli strains and new EU regulations urge the need for alternative control measures, such as adapted feeding strategies or immunization. Oral vaccination of suckling piglets using a live non-pathogenic E. coli F4/F18 vaccine was performed in 10 farrow-to-finish sow farms to prevent against post-weaning diarrhoea due to F4-Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) or F18-ETEC. The vaccination strategy was compared to the standard therapeutic approach in each farm, meanwhile collecting data on Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG), Feed Conversion Rate (FCR), mortality rate and treatment incidence with antimicrobial drugs (TI100) during the post-weaning period. Results: Vaccine-treated groups demonstrated a significant improvement in FCR, mortality rate and TI100 as compared to the Control group. The ADWG only marginally and non-significantly improved in the Vaccine-treated group. Conclusions: In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the efficacy of an oral live non-pathogenic E. coli F4/F18 vaccine (Coliprotec® F4/F8; Elanco Animal Health) for active immunization of piglets against PWD due to F4-ETEC and F18-ETEC under field conditions. For several economically important performance parameters, such as FCR, mortality rate and TI100, E. coli vaccination performed significantly better as compared to the standard therapeutic approach. Therefore, vaccination against PWD due to F4-ETEC or F18-ETEC using an oral live non-pathogenic E. coli F4/F18 vaccinated may be considered a good alternative to consolidate post-weaning piglet performance results while meeting the new European requirements concerning prudent use of antimicrobials in intensive pig production.
In Search of the Vaccine Against Chagas Disease: A Tedious Road of More Than 100 Years
Authors:   Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Xalapa, Veracruz, México, A Domínguez-Guillén , J López-Domínguez ,   LADISER, Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México, P Ochoa-Martínez ,   LADISER, Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México, A López-Monteon ,   LADISER, Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México, A Ramos-Ligonio ,   LADISER, Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Orizaba, Veracruz, México
Published: July 2021

Chagas disease is a neglected and widely distributed parasitic disease in America, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. Currently, there are 6 to 7 million infected people and between 60 to 80 million people remain at risk of infection in endemic areas. Normally the infection does not manifest itself in the acute phase or it does so in a mild and nonspecific way, but several years later infected people suffer from heart or digestive system problems with varying degrees of disability and even death. In the acute stage of the infection, there are treatments with antiparasitic drugs that are effective and that are why it is very important to treat children who are born infected. During the chronic phase, on the other hand, the effectiveness of the treatment has been much debated by experts, and recent multicenter studies carried out throughout Latin America showed that, although drugs eliminate the parasite, they are not effective in preventing the development of the illness. Therefore, it is an urgent need to have new strategies to control the infection and the development of the disease, therefore, the objective of achieving a vaccine that not only prevents primary infection (when the parasite comes into contact with the body) but also controls the progression of the disease in infected people and reverses the damage associated with the infection by that obtaining a vaccine is imperative. This work aims to highlight the efforts, progress and show the different approaches in the development of the vaccine against ChD.
Are the SARS-CoV-2 Variants Greater Threats? - An In Silico Analysis of the Spike Protein
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, J Wilson , V Sokolova ,   Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, F Ji H ,   Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Published: July 2021

March 2020 marked the beginning of a global pandemic caused by SARSCoV- 2. With the development, production and distribution of several vaccines there are hopes to an end in sight. However, with the emergence of several mutated viral strains concerns are mounting as to the effectiveness of the current treatments and preventative measures against the new strains. Herein we analyzed and compared the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein and its variants with human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE-2) and the binding affinities of several possible S-protein inhibitors with these variants via in silico molecular docking studies. The binding affinities of all the variants to ACE- 2 are less than that of SARS-CoV-2, indicating they are less potent than SARSCoV- 2. The inhibitors, however, showed decreased binding affinity to most of the mutant S-proteins than SARS-CoV-2, indicating it is more difficult to treat COVID using the therapeutic approach targeting the S-protein.
Sarcoidosis: Review of Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors:   Clinical Professor Rheumatology, Stanford University, USA, S Shoor
Published: July 2021

Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic heterogenous granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that results in inflammation of pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. In a minority of patients it can result in fibrosis and permanent organ damage. Most commonly mentioned causes of sarcoidosis include atypical mycobacterium, proprionobacterium and inorganic dusts. Once exposed to an organic or inorganic, an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) prepares and presents the antigen to a T cell and its respective HLA locus. In a susceptible person, this provides cytokine production, differentiation into T helper cells and provokes an immune response that in its early stages is allayed by corticosteroids or other immunomodulatory agents. In the majority of patients appropriate immunomodulatory therapy will control the disease and prevent progression. However, in 20-25 % the disease can progress and lead to organ damage or compromise and fibrosis. Sarcoidosis is a relatively common disease with an incidence of 2.3-17.8 per 100,000. It is 2-4 times more common in African Americans than Caucasian Americans with the mean age of onset of 45-50 years of age. Unlike autoimmune rheumatic disease the disease occurs almost as commonly in men than women. Sources: A Medline, Pub Med review from 1999-2021. Spectrum of Disease: Sarcoidosis occurs in 90-98 % of patients during the course of their disease. Eleven to twenty two percent of patients have involvement of either the liver, Skin, ocular (uveitis), Lymph nodes and spleen. The upper airway, liver, CNS and heart comprise <10% of cases each and the bone, joints/ muscle, and hypercalcemia < 5%. Diagnosis: With the exception of Lofgren’s and Heerfordt’syndromes the presence of non-caseating/necrotizing granuloma must be present on biopsy of at least one site and mycobacterial or fungal infections or malignancy must be ruled out. If clinically suspicious, Skin and peripheral lymph nodes are the least invasive areas for biopsy and if hilar or mediastinal nodes are suggestive, an EBUS approach is recommended. In organs such as the heart and CNS where biopsy is either insensitive or invasive, a Cardiologist and Neurologist in concert with a Rheumatologist can make a probable diagnosis based on clinical presentation, PET or MRI and exclusion of alternative diseases.
Suspicious Hard Palate Tumor Revealing HIV Infection
Authors:   Department of ENT, The Rabat Specialty Hospital, Rabat Salé University Hospital, Moracco, i Allouch , N Belhaj ,   Department of ENT, The Rabat Specialty Hospital, Rabat Salé University Hospital, Moracco, N Benkhraba ,   Department of ENT, The Rabat Specialty Hospital, Rabat Salé University Hospital, Moracco, R Bencheikh ,   Department of ENT, The Rabat Specialty Hospital, Rabat Salé University Hospital, Moracco, MA Benbouzid ,   Department of ENT, The Rabat Specialty Hospital, Rabat Salé University Hospital, Moracco, L Essakalli ,   Department of ENT, The Rabat Specialty Hospital, Rabat Salé University Hospital, Moracco
Published: July 2021

This is a 31-year-old patient with no notable pathological history, who presents an ulcerative-budding mass of the hard palate increasing rapidly and bleeding easily on contact, without palpable cervical lymphadenopathy or other associated signs, the injected face CT scan objectified the presence of a tissue lesion process of the hard palate, lateralized to the left, lysing the alveolar bone, bulging into the oral cavity and extending to the soft palate and soft gingival parts.
Lingual Hematoma: A Rare Presentation
Authors:   Deptartment of Otorhinolaryngology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences, India, R Bhandary , S Poojitha ,   Deptartment of Otorhinolaryngology, A J Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Published: July 2021

Lingual hematoma is a rare cause of airway compromise and is usually seen secondary to use of anticoagulants, which exerts effects on coagulation cascade, and also causes thrombocytopenia. The patient in this case report presents with a lingual hematoma which is not related to the use of any anticoagulants. Luckily, the hematoma did not enlarge enough to cause obstruction of airway requiring tracheotomy. However, the cause of the hematoma is deduced to be due to husk - injuring the tongue mucosa. This case is unique in its rare presentation as well as the cause for the hematoma in our report has never been reported in literature.
Targeting the Gut Dysbiosis as a Treatment for Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors:   Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India, GM Shaikh , GL Gupta ,   Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
Published: July 2021

Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) originates due to heavy and uncontrolled drinking of alcohol. It is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, which predominantly affects men globally. In the review article alcohol use disorders and several risk factors like gender, drinking habit, genetic differences, and obesity Hepatitis C virus has been described for the provocation of intestinal dysbiosis. Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) is a spectrum of diseases from steatohepatitis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Due to dysbiosis, there are microbial changes also taking place in the liver and it further worsens the conditions. Treatment involves treating gut dysbiosis and altered balance of the micro-organism. The treatment strategy of ALD may also involve a non-dietary approach or dietary approach or by microbiota modulation.
Recent Trends in Industrial Biotechnology
Authors:   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, S Saif , MW Mazhar ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, M Sikandar ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, N Waqas ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, A Ijaz ,   National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
Published: July 2021

White biotechnology, also known as, industrial biotechnology has been skyrocketing in commercial markets because of the production of useful industrial products by using microorganisms. Today, microorganisms are being used for the production of commercially useful products, such as biofuels, pulp and paper, food, textile and detergents. To diversify the economical values, industrial biotechnology is making use of “genetically modified organisms” to enhance the efficiency of products [1]. Industrial biotechnology focuses on the production of the following products (Figure 1). Figure 1: Industrial Biotechnology. Biofuel production Biofuel production focuses on limiting greenhouse gas emission to prevent global warming, and making the environment clean of any pollution. Ethanol fuel is the most commonly used biofuel, produced by the fermentation of ethanol. Ethanol is produced by the yeast fermentation of cassava, potato, corn, and sugarcane. The production of biofuels is of economic value in agriculture sectors, thus promoting agriculture development in both rural and urban areas. Biofuels has taken over the industrial biotechnology agenda in recent years. The year 2005 has been regarded as the peak point for biofuels.
Cardiovascular Health, Testosterone, and Oxandrolone: Leveraging the Myotrophic-Androgenic Ratio in Males with a Sarcopenic Obese Phenotype
Authors:   Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Terxas, M Nashawi , MS Ahmed ,   Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, Terxas, M Ahmad ,   Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, O Issa ,   Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Texas, M Abualfoul ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Texas
Published: July 2021

Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are a group of organic compounds that include testosterone, or related compounds that induce similar effects by serving as structural analogues. Because of their propensity to induce gene expression that promotes protein synthesis, increased lean body mass, and strength, they have found utility in medicine to aide patients with chronic wasting syndromes, deficiencies in growth stature, and trauma recovery (e.g., burns). Contemporary off-label use of these classes of agents are also being used in anti-aging capacities under clinical supervision, and those with cardiovascular deficits related to metabolic derangement. Nevertheless, as hormones, testosterone and its analogues have systemic effects and their glut can be deleterious to global organs, namely the heart. Chronic utilization of these agents can be seen in domains of competitive physical activities given their performance enhancing effects. Associated with this abuse in particular have been ubiquitous clinical accounts of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), chronic hypertension, dyslipidemia, and left ventricular remodeling given the pleiotropic effects of testosterone and its analogues. One agent in particular, oxandrolone, a synthetic AAS, has an interesting profile as it has a biological disposition to more anabolic and metabolic effects compared to other AAS, with less profuse androgenic properties. There has been evidence to show that even oxandrolone supplementation may show promise in improving peripheral homeostasis conducive to positive cardiovascular health, especially in obese patients with features of metabolic syndrome, a condition related to endocrinological dysfunction and aberrant adiposity. In this commentary we will review the effects of this AAS with a commentary on cardiovascular physiology constructed around translational biology and clinical data. Commentaries such as the latter are scant in the literature and offer perspectives crucial to understanding the intersections between habitus, physiologic status, and the heart. Overall, oxandrolone shows promise related to its pharmacology in patients with low muscle tone and significant adiposity, namely cardiometabolic profiles if administered with clinical prudence due to its novel structure, metabolism, and effects.
Identification of KUP/HAK/KT Potassium Transporter Gene Family in Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) and Its Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors:   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Pakistan, MW Mazhar , MS Batool ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Pakistan, T Saleem ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Pakistan, J Mahmood ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Pakistan, S Saif ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Pakistan, N Waqas ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Pakistan, H Tahirv ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Pakistan, F Mazhar ,   Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government Collage University, Pakistan
Published: July 2021

Potassium is essential macronutrient of plant. It is uptaken by plant through channels and transporters. Plants specie genomes contains a number of KUP/ HAK/KT transporters having the primary function to mediate K+ fluxes. In this study,we have identified 13 gene members of KUP/HAK/KT transporter gene family. In most of the plant species, these genes have been characterized but uncharacterized in D. carota. This study has been done to identify KUP/HAK/KT gene family in D. carota plant species to study its phylogeny. This gene family is important for potassium uptake and play an important role in translocation, osmotic potential regulation, plant development and growth. Different tools like MEGA 7.0.21, pfam, SMART and NCBI-BLASTp has been used to characterize the gene family. This study covers the phylogeny and evolution of KUP/HAK/KT transporters in D. carota with reference to A. thaliana.
Immune Check-Point Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors:   Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, M Mosteiro , M Cejuela ,   Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain, S Pernas ,   Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
Published: July 2021

Check-point inhibitors have erupted as a treatment option for numerous kinds of neoplasms. Although there have been some achievements, the evidence supporting their use in breast cancer is scarce. Combinations with chemotherapy seem to provide better outcomes, and triple negative is the subtype most likely to benefit from them. New combination strategies are undergoing research to improve these results. Other approaches to determining biomarkers that identify which populations clearly benefit from these therapies are needed. Here, we review the clinical data of the role of immune check-point inhibitors in early and advanced breast cancer and present emerging strategies.
Advantages of Application of Whole-Body Low-Dose Computed Tomography in Multiple Myeloma
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China, J Chen , M Li ,   Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China, Z Gao ,   Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China, S Liu ,   Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China, J Wang ,   Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China, Z Ye ,   Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China
Published: July 2021

Aim: This study was designed to investigate the application of whole-body low-dose computed tomography in the examination of multiple myeloma. Method: 40 patients with multiple myeloma admitted to our hospital were prospectively selected as the study subjects. All patients were pathologically confirmed and/or clinically diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (n=20) received whole-body lowdose CT scan with SAFIR iterative reconstruction algorithm; Group B (n=20) underwent whole body conventional dose CT scan combined with conventional reconstruction algorithm. The image quality was scored subjectively, and the objective evaluation indexes (including CT value and noise of neck, chest, abdomen, pelvic cavity and lower extremities, signal-to-noise ratio and image quality index) were measured and recorded, and the radiation dose was recorded. Mann-Whitney U test (to evaluate the subjective score) and t test (to evaluate the objective evaluation index and radiation dose) were used to compare the differences of the above indexes between group A and group B. Result: All the images met the diagnostic requirements. There was no statistical significance in the scores between group A and group B (P>0.05). Significant differences in CT value, noise and SNR of neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis and lower extremities between group A and group B (P<0.05) were identified. For the image quality index (figure of merit, FOM), the FOM of chest, abdomen and pelvis was not statistically significantly changed (P<0.05). The radiation dose of group A decreased by 56.77% (3.06/5.39) compared to group B with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The Kappa values of subjective scores of the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (respectively, 0.68 and o.69, P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared to conventional CT examination, whole-body lowdose CT scan combined with SAFIR iterative reconstruction algorithm can effectively reduce noise, reduce X-ray radiation dose, and obtain ideal image quality in multiple myeloma examination, which has a certain application value.
Non-Traumatic Corneal Perforation
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, K Naya , I Lidya ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, I Hasnaoui ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, H Tazi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, A Erradi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, C Bardi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, E Abdallah ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, A Berraho ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Published: July 2021

Corneal perforation is a potentially devastating complication that can result from numerous conditions that precipitate corneal melting. We report a clinical of a 65 years old woman who has presented in the emergency room with a non traumatic corneal perforation, with expulsion of the lens. Complicated by the presence of a chronic antecedent of corneal ulcer (Figure 1).
Juvenile Ankylosing Spondylitis - Associated Uveitis
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, K Naya , I Lidya ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, I Hasnaoui ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, H Tazi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, A Erradi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, C Bardi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, E Abdallah ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, A Berraho ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Published: July 2021

Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic arthropathy that predominantly affects boys after the age of 10 years. We report a clinical case of a 16 years old aged male, who presented in the emergency room with a painful red eye, severe photophobia, and tearing right eye. The slit lamp examination was showing unusual anterior uveitis with hypopyon. The visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye. The slit lamp examination of the left eye was unremarkable. The clinical results were in favour of Juvenile ankylosing spondylitis (Figure 1).
Zosteric Kerato-Uveitis Revealing a Retroviral Infection (HIV)
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, K Naya , I Lidya ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, I Hasnaoui ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, H Tazi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, A Erradi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, C Bardi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, E Abdallah ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, A Berraho ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Published: July 2021

Herpes zoster ophthalmic is a common condition in the elderly or in the immunocompromised people. We present the case of a 32-yearold female patient, without any particular history, who consulted the emergency room for a red right eye with major chemosis, palpebral edema, and decreased visual acuity. There was also a crusty rash in the V1 territory, suggesting herpes zoster. Visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye and 10/10 left eye (Figure 1 and 2). Examination at the slit lamp revealed a non-hypertensive granulomatous anterior kerato-uveitis of the right eye. Given the severity of the lesion, an immunodepressive background was suspected, HIV serology came back positive.
Palpebral Capillary Hemangioma
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, K Naya , I Lidya ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, I Hasnaoui ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, H Tazi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, A Erradi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, C Bardi ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, E Abdallah ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco, A Berraho ,   Department of Ophthalmology B, Ibn-Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
Published: July 2021

Palpebral capillary hemangioma is a benign tumor most often involving the skin of the eyelids. We report the case of a 15-year-old child with an isolated palpebral capillary hemangioma. Palpebral capillary hemangioma is a tumor that may require only surveillance with therapeutic abstention because in the majority of cases regression is spontaneous. Some authors recommend medical treatments such as systemic corticosteroids, beta-blockers and intra-tumoral corticosteroid injections.