bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kualitas Struktur Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik pada Materi Struktur Tulang Berbasis Diagram Vee
Authors: Istawa Resta , Supriatno Bambang , Anggraeni Sri
Published: February 2022

Student worksheets used as practical guide in laboratory activities will highly determine the achievement of learning objectives required by the curriculum. However, the structure of student worksheet as a laboratory activity design still should be improved. This study aims to explain the results of the analysis of bone structure student worksheets used in learning with National Curriculum 2006 and 2013. The research method used was qualitative descriptive method and the sample were 6 student worksheets. The student worksheets were used as practical guide in laboratory activities in national senior high school in Garut Regency and selected using a total sampling technique. The research instruments used were completeness of the student worksheets components rubric and scoring rubric of the components of Vee Diagram adapted from Novak & Gowin (1984). The results showed that the bone structure student worksheets used in national senior high school in Garut Regency still have incomplete Vee Diagram components and the components appear still do not have a maximum score.
Abstrak. Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) yang digunakan sebagai panduan kegiatan laboratorium akan menentukan ketercapaian tujuan kegiatan laboratorium dan tujuan pembelajaran yang dituntut oleh kurikulum. Namun, struktur LKPD yang memuat desain kegiatan laboratorium sekolah nyatanya masih jauh dari yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang hasil analisis terhadap LKPD Struktur Tulang yang digunakan pada saat pembelajaran dengan Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) 2006 dan Kurikulum 2013. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 6 LKPD. Sampel LKPD tersebut digunakan sebagai petunjuk kegiatan laboratorium di SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Garut dan dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan untuk menilai kualitas struktur LKPD adalah rubrik kelengkapan komponen LKPD dan rubrik penskoran komponen LKPD berdasarkan Diagram Vee yang diadaptasi dari Novak & Gowin (1984). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LKPD Struktur Tulang yang digunakan di SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Garut belum memiliki komponen Diagram Vee lengkap dan komponen-komponen yang ada belum mencapai skor maksimum.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Mengajar Guru Melalui Pendampingan Penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran dan penilaian HOTS
Authors: Malahayati Eva Nurul , Sholihah Mar’atus
Published: February 2022

Changes to the 2013 revised curriculum require teachers to be able to preparation and implement learning with a focus on four elements, 1) Reinforcement character education, 2) Literacy movement, 3) 4C (Critical Thinking and Problem Solving, Creative, Communicative, and Collaborative), and 4) HOTS (Higher-Order Thinking Skills) Assessment. Mentoring in the preparation of learning and HOTS assessment for teachers aims to improve teacher skills in making learning devices that are in accordance with the 2013 revised curriculum and be able to apply them in the classroom, as well as being able to develop HOTS assessment instruments. The method used is In House Training (IHT) and mentoring with evaluation model developed by Donald Kirkpatrick (1975) which consists of 4 levels: reaction, learning, behaviour and result. The product of this research is the learning devices and HOTS assessment. The conclusion of this research is that teachers can develop learning devices and HOTS assessments and teachers are skilled in 21st century learning according according to the revised 2013 curriculum demands.
Abstrak. Perubahan kurikulum 2013 revisi menuntut guru untuk dapat menyusun dan melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan menitik beratkan pada empat unsur, 1) Penguatan pendidikan karakter (PPK), 2) Gerakan Literasi, 3) 4C (Critical Thinking and Problem Solving, Creative, Communicative, Dan Collaborative), dan 4) Penilaian HOTS (Higher-Order Thinking Skills). Pendampingan penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran dan penilaian HOTS bagi guru bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan guru dalam membuat perangkat pembelajaran yang sesuai kurikulum 2013 revisi dan menyusun instrumen penilaian HOT.  Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah  lembar wawancara, lembar observasi, dan lembar evalusi  yang dikembangkan oleh Donald Kirkpatrick (1975) serta dokumentasi yang dianalisis dengan tahapan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan (Miles dan Huberman,1984). Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini yaitu in house training, pendampingan, dan impelementasi perangkat pembelajaran kurikumum 2013 revisi dan instrumen penilaian HOT. Selanjutnya guru akan mengimplementasikan perangkat pembelajaran yang telah disusun sesuai kelasnya, Selama pengimplementasian perangkat pembelajaran, tim akan mendampingi dan melakukan observasi. Hasil observasi akan dijadikan bahan refleksi bersama. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini guru dapat menyusun perangkat pembelajaran dan penilain HOTS sesuai tuntutan kurikulum 2013 revisi.
Meta-Analisis Miskonsepsi Buku Teks Biologi SMA
Authors: Mulia Nanta , Zulyusri Zulyusri
Published: February 2022

Books that are used in the learning process contain descriptions of certain materials that are arranged systematically with specific objectives called textbooks. Currently, the textbooks used by teachers and students are not only from one publisher, but from various publishers, so there is a possibility of differences in presentation between these books. This can be a cause of material misconception. This study aims to determine the percentage of material misconceptions found in high school biology textbooks. The research method that researchers use is using a meta-analysis method. Meta-analysis is research that discusses similar articles. The technique of collecting data using non-test is by searching electronic journals through google scholar. The article data is then processed by summarizing and determining the essence of the misconception analysis research results, then the data is reported in a quantitative descriptive way. The search results from 20 articles (6 articles from class X, 12 articles from class XI, and 2 articles from class XII), it was found that the most misconceptions were found in the Archaebactaeria and Eubacteria material, namely 11.76%. The types of misconceptions are Misidentifications, Overgeneralizations, Oversimplifications, Obsolete Concepts and Term, and Undergeneralizations.
Abstrak. Buku yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran berisi uraian mengenai materi tertentu yang disusun secara sistematis dengan tujuan tertentu dinamakan buku teks pelajaran. Saat ini, buku teks pelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru dan peserta didik tidak hanya dari satu penerbit, tetapi dari berbagai penerbit, sehingga terdapat kemungkinan perbedaan penyajian antar buku-buku tersebut. Hal ini bisa menjadi penyebab terjadinya miskonsepsi materi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase miskonsepsi materi yang ditemukan dalam buku teks pelajaran Biologi SMA. Metode penelitian yang peneliti gunakan yaitu menggunakan metode meta-analisis. Meta-analisis merupakan penelitian yang membahas tentang artikel yang sejenis. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan non tes yaitu dengan menelusuri jurnal elektronik melalui google cendikia. Data artikel tersebut kemudian diolah dengan cara merangkum dan menentukan intisari hasil penelitian analisis miskonsepsi, kemudian data dilaporkan dengan cara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelusuran dari 20 artikel (6 artikel dari kelas X, 12 artikel dari kelas XI, dan 2 artikel dari kelas XII ), didapat bahwa miskonsepsi paling banyak ditemukan pada materi Archaebactaeria dan Eubacteria yaitu sebesar 11,76%. Jenis miskonsepsinya yaitu Misidentifications, Overgeneralizations, Oversimplifications, Obsolete Concepts and Term, dan Undergeneralizations.
Analisis Kendala Pembelajaran Online Selama Pandemi Covid-19 Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA di SMPN 1 Bayung Lencir
Authors: Sholichin Muhamad , Zulyusri Zulyusri , Lufri Lufri , Razak Abdul
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the obstacles to online learning at SMP Negeri 1 Bayung Lencir during the Covid-19 pandemic in science subjects. Changes in learning methods that were originally carried out face-to-face to online learning experienced several obstacles starting an unstable internet network, an inadequate internet quota so that students' lack of understanding of the subject matter provided. This type of research is a descriptive survey research with a qualitative approach, the data of this study were obtained from students of class VIII and IX. The data collection technique in this study was a questionnaire while the instrument used in this study was an online questionnaire distributed through the WhatsApps application. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis. The results showed that the constraints most experienced by the students of SMP Negeri 1 Bayung Lencir were the lack of internet quota and an unstable internet network.
Abstrak.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kendala pembelajaran online di SMP Negeri 1 Bayung Lencir selama pandemi Covid-19 pada mata pelajaran IPA. Perubahan metode pembelajaran yang semula dilakukan secara tatap muka menjadi pembelajaran online mengalami beberapa kendala memulai jaringan internet yang kurang stabil, kuota internet yang kurang memadai sehingga kurangnya pemahaman peserta didik terhadap materi pelajaran yang diberikan. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu penelitian survey deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, data penelitian ini diperoleh dari siswa kelas VIII dan IX. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah angket (kuesioner) sedangkan instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah angket (kuesioner) online yang disebarkan melalui aplikasi WhatsApps. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kendala yang paling banyak dirasakan oleh peserta didik SMP Negeri 1 Bayung Lencir adalah kendala kurangnya kuota internet dan jaringan internet yang tidak stabil.
PELATIHAN MODEL PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN TEACHING GAMES FOR UNDERSTANDING (TGFU) UNTUK ATLET ANGGAR JAMBI
Authors: Decheline Grafitte , Diana Fitri , Suhartini Sugih , Setiowati Ade
Published: February 2022

Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) merupakan sebuah model pendekatan yang telah diterapkan di Negara-negara Maju sebagai salah satu sistem pendidikan Jasmani disana. Perkembangan model pendekatan ini di Indonesia belum dapat dikategorikan sebagai model yang membanggakan. Penerapan model pendekatan ini masih sangat minim khusunya di Indonesia.

Model Pendekatan TGfU bukan hanya dapat diterapkan di sekolah sebagai permainan pengantar dalam pembelajaran, namun juga digunakan untuk pengantar dalam pelatihan untuk atlet di berbagai cabang olahraga.

Dalam kegiatan ini digunakan sampel 14 orang Atlet anggar yang aktif mengikuti latihan di IKASI Provinsi Jambi. Di IKASI Jambi, latihan yang disuguhkan belum berfokus pada taktik dalam permainan, hanya mengandalkan teknik. Maka dari itu, peneliti ingin berbagi ilmu dan mengembangkan model pendekatan TGfU ini kepada atlet.

Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah antusiasme dari atlet yang mengikuti kegiatan ini. Kegiatan Pelatihan Model Pendekatan TGfU untuk atlet anggar sangat diterima oleh para atlet. Selain itu, Model Pendekatan TGfU masih belum dikenal secara luas baik oleh atlet, guru maupun pelatih, sehingga masih diperlukan berbagai cara untuk dpaat memasalkan model pendekatan ini. Model Pendekatan TGfU dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif dan juga modifikasi teknik dan taktik dalam berbagai cabang olaharaga

Penelitian berhasil menyimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pendekatan Teaching Games for Understanding, atlet dapat lebih memahami dan melatih taktik dalam permainan anggar. Hal ini berdasarkan wawancara dan observasi yang dilakukan selama berada di lapangan.
Modifikasi Media Teknik Dassar Passing Bawah Permainan Bola Voli Melalui Video Tutorial bagi Siswa SD Negeri 190 Tanjung Jabung Barat
Authors: Sukamto Sukamto
Published: February 2022

The use of instructional media during the COVID-19 period is expected to make it easier for students to stay enthusiastic about learning at home. Researchers innovate by changing the volleyball that is commonly used for learning in school into a number of simple tools that are more easily found by students.The purpose of this study was to determine the media modification of the basic techniques of passing under volleyball through video tutorials for elementary students, as well as to find out students' understanding through video tutorials of under passing techniques given by the teacher as learning media. This research was conducted in 190 Tanjung Jabung Barat Elementary School, Jambi Province, in the even semester of the 2019/2020 school year.  By using descriptive qualitative research methods. The subjects in this study were grade 5 students, amounting to 35 students. The results of research conducted by researchers are by uploading video tutorials that have been made to Youtube. Researchers will begin to assess the effectiveness of the video based on input from viewers of the video. In addition, researchers also made a questionnaire / questionnaire containing opinions, and evaluations of videos that have been uploaded. Based on the questionnaire, 54.30% of respondents said the video was effectively used as a learning medium for elementary school students.
Keywords : Video Tutorials, Passing Down
Penggunaan media pembelajaran di masa COVID-19 diharapkan dapat memudahkan siswa untuk tetap bersemangat belajar di rumah. Peneliti berinovasi dengan mengubah bola voli yang biasa digunakan untuk pembelajaran di sekolah menjadi beberapa alat sederhana yang lebih mudah ditemui oleh siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui modifikasi media teknik dasar passing bawah bola voli melalui video tutorial untuk siswa SD, serta untuk mengetahui pemahaman siswa melalui video tutorial teknik passing bawah yang diberikan oleh guru sebagai media belajar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 190 Tanjung Jabung Barat Provinsi Jambi, pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020.  Dengan menggunakan  metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek pada penelitian ini siswa kelas 5 yang berjumlah 35 siswa. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti adalah dengan mengunggah video tutorial yang telah dibuat ke Youtube. Peneliti akan mulai menilai tentang keefektifan video berdasarkan dengan masukan dari penonton video tersebut. Selain itu, peneliti juga membuat angket/kuesioner yang berisikan tentang pendapat, dan evaluasi dari video yang sudah diunggah. Berdasarkan angket tersebut, sebanyak 54.30% responden mengatakan video tersebut efektif digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran untuk siswa Sekolah Dasar.
Kata kunci: Video Tutorial, Passing Bawah
Emergency Education Policy: EFL Undergraduate Students’ Views on Online Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Haryanto Eddy
Published: February 2022

Anchored by sparse investigations on Students’ voices regarding online learning from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries context, this study aims to investigate the responses of EFL students to the effectiveness of the learning from home policy in an Indonesian University. Fifteen students of fourth semester studying at English department were recruited. This research employed qualitative design with a case study approach as the methodology.  Data were collected from semi-structured interview and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the students perceived that online learning from home was good policy initiatives. However, they also experienced ineffectiveness regarding the contents of learning that focus more on giving students the assignments than the learning process itself. Besides that, the students were not supported by conducive learning environment, enabling them to learn more effectively. Students experienced some problems during online learning from home, such as poor internet connection, electrical power disruptions, and day-to-day load expenses for prepaid internet access. The findings suggest that the lecturers should provide the students with appropriate learning instruction for online learning purposes and deliver teaching materials by making use of technology. Thus, policy recommendations are discussed in this article.
From Bureaucratic-Centralism Management to School Based Management: Managing Human Resources in the Management of Education Program
Authors: Asad Asad
Published: February 2022

Indonesia’s education system used to be a centralized and bureaucratic mode as introduced by the Dutch as the colonial power. However, after the fall of Suharto’s administration in May 1998, the Indonesian education policy has significantly transformed from centralization to decentralization - which is popularly known as school-based management (SBM). This change is because of the arrival of the Law No.22/1999 (later reviewed by the Law 32/2004) about “Local Government” (provinces and districts). The purposes of this paper are first to discuss the characteristics of school-based management and the practices of SBM and second, to explore the motives of Indonesian government to apply school-based management in education in the digital era. The orienting question for this study is: Are all school-levels actors and district level actors ready for dealing with the characteristics of school-based management and the practices of SBM? Recommendations for education policy reform in the digital era in Indonesia for good governance are discussed, particularly the motives to move from bureaucratic-centralism management to school-based management.
The Development Lectora Inspire Based Learning Media for High School Students in Learning History
Authors: Purnomo Budi
Published: February 2022

This research aimed to develop Lectora Inspire App for history learning in high schools. Purposely, the stages of the development in using the ADDIE model which include the steps of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Interview and questionnaires were administered in order to collect data. The interview data were analyzed qualitatively while the questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively. There were 35 respondents from one of the high schools in Jambi who were grouped into three groups, namely 3 students for a small individual group, 10 students for a small group, and 22 students for a large group. The results of this development research revealed that Lectora Inspire App based on history learning was valid based on the assessment of material experts and media experts. Moreover, based on the results of small group trials, limited group trials, and large group trials,it showed that Lectora Inspire App were effective as history learning media. Recommendations are also discussed for future research and practices.
Does Leadership Effectiveness Matter for Indonesia Vocational Teacher Performance? The Mediating Role of Work Motivation
Authors: Sangadji Etta Mamang , Sopiah Sopiah , Narmaditya Bagus Shandy
Published: February 2022

Enhancing teacher performance is a global challenge and understanding managerial sides, and motivation can be used to deal with this issue. The purpose of this study aimed at examining the impact of leadership effectiveness and teacher performance in vocational school, as well as investigating the role of work motivation. A quantitative method was adopted to improve understanding of this phenomenon. The participants of this study were recruited from the vocational school teachers in East Java by distributing online questionnaires employing WhatsApp. The findings of this study showed that effective leadership positively influenced both work motivation and teacher performance. Indeed, work motivation can explain the relationship between effective leadership and vocational teacher performance. Based on the results, it is recommended to the education office, school principals, vocational teachers to pay more attention to the effectiveness of leadership, and work motivation to improve teacher performance. This study recommends that school principals and educational policymakers pay attention to the matters of leadership and work motivation as the essential factor in driving teacher performance.
A Survey on Investigating Data-Sharing Behavior among STEM Researchers: The Context of a Developing Country
Authors: Syahri Wilda , Yusnaidar Yusnaidar , Muhaimin Muhaimin
Published: February 2022

Based on an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study focused on five exogenous constructs (perceived benefits, facilitating condition, normative belief, behavioral belief, and control belief) that was established to predict behavioral intention and behavior of data-sharing. The research model was tested with 157 Indonesian researchers from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). We applied the partial least squares (PLS) techniques to analyze the data. Seven out of eleven hypotheses are supported based on the significance test in through the PLS-SEM procedure. The study’s findings show that the proposed extended TPB is a valid and reliable framework for describing the data-sharing behavior of STEM researchers. This paper facilitates an advanced investigation through PLS-SEM approaches toward behavioral intention and behavior regarding data-sharing; the findings are among the first elaborated data-sharing report in the Indonesian context, a country with more than 200 thousand researchers.
The Effect of Education and Gender on Language Proficiency: A Study of Multilingual Hungarian Young Adults’ Verbal Fluency
Authors: Szabó Noémi , Failasofah Failasofah
Published: February 2022

Recent developments in the field of multilingual processing have led to a renewed interest in exploring the effect of verbal fluency tasks from a new perspective (Shishkin & Ecke, 2018).  This Hungarian case study intends to investigate the effect of verbal fluency tasks on multilingual participants’ language proficiency with special attention to gender differences and educational background. Six participants were recruited to take part in the study: three males and three females. Respondents’ first language (L1) was Hungarian while their two foreign languages include English (L2/ L3) and German (L2/ L3). Data for this study were collected by using verbal fluency tasks, namely phonological and semantic fluency tests. Data management and analysis were performed using SPSS 22. The results suggest that students outperformed their graduate peers. The majority of the participants obtained better scores in English in terms of semantic fluency meanwhile most of the subjects achieved greater results in German as for the phonemic category. Female participants outperformed males both in the majority of phonemic and semantic tasks.
Leadership Strategies and Policies on Online Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study
Authors: Hidayat Marzul , Hartono Rudi
Published: February 2022

Educational institutions around the world have closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic endangering the academic agendas. Educational institutions have to shift to online learning platforms to keep the educational activities working. Nonetheless, the questions about the educational leadership strategies and policies of online learning are not clearly understood yet, principally for a developing country like Indonesia, where the technical constrictions like access to the Internet have become a serious issue. In this study, we focused on finding out the leadership strategies and policies of the heads of the postgraduate study programs and looking at the entire cycle in the learning process by looking at the implementation and evaluation of the goals of online learning during the pandemic.  The study design was qualitative in the case study approach. Seven participants were willing to get involved in this study. The primary data sources were in-depth interviews with seven participants who are the heads and secretary of the postgraduate program at one public university in Jambi. We examined our interviews data by using within-case and cross-case displays and analyses. We categorized our analysis and discussion about our participants’ perspectives and the contexts in which leadership strategies and policies of online learning they managed emerge. The analysis of our texts revealed that major issues related to the causes and covid-19: the rapid, unpredictable and 'forced' transition from face-to-face teaching to distance or online teaching, leadership strategies and policies in online learning, and evaluating teaching and learning processes: “assessing its achievements and improving upon its effectiveness.”  Future education research and implications are also discussed.
A Variable Bandwidth Memristor-Based Legendre Optimum Low-Pass Filter for Radio Frequency (RF) Applications
Authors: Onyejegbu Elochukwu , zhumsbay Zhazira , Marzuki Arjuna , Ukaegbu Ikechi
Published: February 2022

This paper presents the enhancement of Legendre Optimum low pass filters
in terms of reusability and bandwidth, based on the variable or
programmable memristance of memristors. Two low pass filters, of third
and fifth order, operating in the radio frequency range, and designed
using the insertion loss method are presented. At 600 KHz and at 110
MHz, two MS memristor models, of the non-linear ion drift class is
incorporated into the filter circuits in turn and their memristances
varied such that R_off- R_on decreases monotonically and R_off-
R_on>0. Results show a bandwidth enhancement of up to 100
KHz at 600 KHz, and up to 19MHz at 110MHz. This study also examines the
effect of the simultaneous versus asynchronous variation of the
memristance of the pair of memristors introduced into the filter
circuits, as well as increase in filter order.
Assessing the effect of complex ground types on ground-dwelling arthropod movements with video monitoring: dealing with concealed movements under a layer of plant residues
Authors: Collard Blanche , Tixier Philippe , Carval Dominique , Lavigne Claire , Delattre Thomas
Published: February 2022

1 Understanding the effect of ground types on foraging movements of
ground-dwelling arthropods is a key step to managing their spatial
distribution as required for successful conservation biological control.
Indeed, fine movements at the centimetre scale can strongly influence
the foraging ability of pest predators. However, because RFID or
harmonic tracking techniques are not yet suitable for small species and
video tracking focuses on uniform and light backgrounds, foraging
movements have rarely been studied in relation to ground types. 2 We
present a method to track a ground-dwelling arthropod (the earwig
Euborellia caraibea) at night, walking on two contrasted ground types :
bare soil and soil partly covered with a stratum of banana plant
residues allowing individuals to hide periodically. 3 The tracking of
individuals within these ground types was achieved by infrared light,
tagging individuals, video treatments and semi-automatic cleaning of
trajectories. We tested different procedures to obtain segments with
identical durations to quantify speeds and sinuosities. These procedures
were characterised by the junction time gap between trajectory
fragments, the rediscretisation time of trajectories, and whether or not
to use interpolation to fill in missing points in the trajectories. 4
Earwigs exhibited significantly slower and more sinuous movements on
soil with banana plant residues than on bare soil. Long time gaps for
trajectory junction, extended rediscretisation times and interpolation
were complementary means to integrate concealed movements in the
trajectories. The highest slowdown in plant residues was detected when
the procedure could account for longer periods under the residues. 5
These results suggest that earwigs spent a significant amount of time
concealed by the residues. Additionally, the residues strongly decreased
the earwigs’ movement. Since the technical solutions presented in this
study are inexpensive, easy to set up and replicate, they represent
valuable contributions to the emerging field of video monitoring.
Towards a heuristic understanding of the storage effect
Authors: Johnson Evan , Hastings Alan
Published: February 2022

The storage effect is a general explanation for coexistence in a
variable environment. The generality of the storage effect is both a
strength — it can be quantified in many systems — and a challenge
— there is not a clear relationship between the abstract conditions
for storage effect and species’ life-history traits (e.g., dormancy,
stage-structure, non-overlapping generations), thus precluding a simple
ecological interpretation of the storage effect. Our goal here is to
provide a clearer understanding of the conditions for the storage effect
as a step towards a better general explanation for coexistence in a
variable environment. Our approach focuses on dividing one of the key
conditions for the storage effect, covariance between environment and
competition, into two pieces, namely that there must be a causal
relationship between environment and competition, and that the effects
of the environment do not change too quickly. This finer-grained
definition can explain a number of previous results, including 1) that
the storage effect promotes annual plant coexistence when the
germination rate fluctuates, but not when the seed yield fluctuates, 2)
that the storage effect is more likely to be induced by resource
competition than apparent competition, and 3) that the spatial storage
effect is more probable than the temporal storage effect. Additionally,
our expanded definition suggests two novel mechanisms by which the
temporal storage effect can arise: transgenerational plasticity, and
causal chains of environmental variables. These mechanisms produce
coexistence via the storage effect without any need for stage structure
or a temporally autocorrelated environment.
HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE AGED 8-17 YEARS AT KAMUZU CENTRAL HOSPITAL, MALAWI
Authors: Wachepa Stella , Bvalani Ruth , Mpasa Atupele , Namugerwa Shamim , Namubiru Teddy , Kaudha Gloria , Munube Deogratias , Rujumba Joseph , Ozuah Nmazuo , Kiguli Sarah
Published: February 2022

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by both acute and
chronic complications that affect the daily lives of patients and lower
their quality of life. Objective: To describe the health-related quality
of life (HRQoL) and the associated factors in children aged 8 to 17 with
SCD attending the paediatric haematology clinic at Kamuzu Central
Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi. Methods: A mixed methods cross
sectional study was conducted at KCH. Patient data was collected with
the aid of a standardized case report form. HRQoL was assessed using
PedsQL™ Sickle Cell Disease Module by child’s report. Associations
between HRQoL scores and independent variables were evaluated by a
linear regression model. In-depth interviews were then carried out and
the qualitative data was analyzed using content thematic analysis.
Results: A hundred and sixty-three children with SCD were enrolled,
52.1% were females. Their median age was 11.2±2.7 years. The mean
global HRQoL score of the children was 62±17.3. The highest scores were
in the treatment domain (72.5±15.1) while the lowest scores were in the
emotions domain (55.2±28.7). The mean pain score was 58.8±16.3. The
factors associated with low HRQoL scores were pain (β-coefficient -6.97
CI (-3.07,-15.58); p value 0.034) and low haemoglobin levels
(β-coefficient 2.29 CI (0.65-3.91); p value 0.006 ). Conclusion: The
HRQoL of this population is low. Pain and low hemoglobin were
significantly associated with low HRQoL scores. A biopsychosocial model
of heath care delivery and health campaigns are recommended to improve
the HRQoL of the children.
ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYL ARGININE AND UROMODULININ THE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors:   Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Ali Noor
Published: February 2022

Asymmetric dimethyl arginine, symmetric dimethyl arginine and uromodulin used as early biomarkers of diagnosis renal diseases. The early stages side effects of inveterate kidney malady are ordinarily not clear. Noteworthy decrease of the kidney work is the primary self-evident sign of infection. On the off chance that analyzed early stages 1 to 3, the movement of unremitting kidney infection can be changed and complications diminished. In stages 4 and 5 broad kidney harm is watched, which as a rule comes about in end-stage renal disappointment. Keywords:Symmetric Dimethyl arginine, uromodulin and kidney Citation:Ali NM. Asymmetric dimethyl arginine and uromodulin in the chronic kidney disease. Iraqi JMS. 2019; 17(3&4): 166-167. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.17.3&4.1
HIGHER ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION IN LEAD III THAN LEAD II IN ACUTE INFERIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION CAN BE A PREDICTOR OF SHORT-TERM MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY
Authors:   Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq, Al-Mansouri Loma , Al-Obaidi Firas ,   Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Thi Qar University, Thi Qr, Iraq, Al-Humrani Abdul Raheem ,   Dept. of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Basrah University, Basrah, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background:The incidence of mortality and complications are high in patients with acute inferior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction with right ventricular involvement, which has been reported to be an independent predictor of significant complications and in-hospital mortality. Objective:To investigate the feasibility of using electrocardiographic changes in inferior myocardial infarction represented by ST-segment elevation ratio in lead II and III as a predictor of right ventricular infarction and in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Methods:Ninety-nine patients were studied in this prospective study, their ages ranged from 19-90 years, average 58.12 (±12.7 SD). They were presented to the Coronary Care Unit of Basrah General Hospital with acute inferior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The 12 leads plus right-sided precordial electrocardiograms were done to all patients within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms, and ST-segment elevation was measured. ST-segment elevation in lead III exceeding lead II was defined as a ratio of elevation in lead III: II>1. Patients grouped according to ST-segment elevation III:II ratio into either >1 or ≤1. In-hospital morbidity and mortality were studied in both groups. Results:ST-segment elevation ratio > 1was detected in 68 patients (68.7%) with acute inferior myocardial infarction at time of admission. Right ventricular infarction was diagnosed in 33 (33.3%) patients, with the majority (32 patients) have ST-elevation ratio > 1. Thirty-Six patients had at least one of the in-hospital complications with significantly higher incidence (51.4%) in patients with higher ST elevation ratio. The mortality was statistically higher when ST segment elevation level in the lead III > than that in the lead II. Conclusion:In patients with inferior STEMI, ST-segment elevation in the lead III more than lead II can be a potential marker of the presence of right ventricular infarction in association with inferior myocardial infarction. Short-term prognosis is possibly worse in the presence of a higher ratio between lead III and II ST-segment elevation. However, further studies are needed to validate this conclusion. Keywords:Inferior MI, right ventricular infarction, ST-segment changes Citation:Al-Mansouri LA, Al-Obaidi FR, Al-Humrani AH. Higher ST-Segment elevation in lead III than lead II in acute inferior myocardial infarction can be a predictor of short-term morbidity and mortality. Iraqi JMS. 2019; 17(3&4): 168-174. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.17.3&4.2
THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF HCMV IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES IN SAMPLE OF IRAQI PATIENTS
Authors: Fadhil Alaa , Kadhim Haider ,   Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Hussain Raghad ,   Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Atrooshi Sazan ,   Dept. of Pathology and Forensic medicine, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation is one of the most risks that occur in immunosuppressed patients. The association and role of CMV and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exacerbation is still controversy. Objective:To investigate the rate of occurrence and role of HCMV in patients with IBD including demographic and clinical features. Methods:A cross sectional study involved sixty-five (65) IBD patients whom divided into 9 Crohn’s disease patients and 56 ulcerative colitis patients. The detection of local CMV reactivation (colon) was based on the presence of early and immediately early antigens (nonstructural proteins). The positive results for HCMV reactivation was considered according on Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or serological enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results. Results:Among the 65 eligible IBD patients, nine patients (13.85%) gave positive result for IHC, compared to 56 patients (86.15%) with negative result. On the other hand, only two patients (3.08%) had a positive result for anti-HCMV IgM antibody, while almost all patients (except one) were positive for anti-HCMV IgG antibody. There was a significant difference between positive HCMV and patients with long duration of IBD and non-response to treatment. Conclusion:IBD and its treatment may put those patients at risk of HCMV reactivation. Colonic active CMV was detected particularly in sever UC patients and significantly in patients with disease duration above 5 years and not response to treatment based on IHC technique for IE and E HCMV proteins detection. Keywords:Cytomegalovirus, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, immunohistochemistry Citation:Fadhil AH, Kadhim HS, Hussain RJ, Al-Atrooshi SA. The possible role of HCMV in inflammatory bowel diseases in sample of Iraqi patients. Iraqi JMS. 2019; 17(3&4): 207-214. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.17.3&4.7
Screening of Silent Myocardial Ischemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Additional Atherogenic Risk Factors; The Applicability of Exercise Stress Test
Authors:   Coronary Care Unit, Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, Al-Ethary Zeki , Alrikabi Moayed ,   Dept. of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: Silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is a major clinical entity. SMI is highly prevalent and occurs more commonly in patients with diabetes. It is a predictor of mortality. Objective: To assess SMIs in type 2 diabetic patients with atherogenic risk factors using exercise stress test (EST) and to evaluate its applicability as a screening test. Methods: The study was conducted on sixty-three type 2 diabetic symptomless patients (37 male, 26 female patients), and without resting electrocardiographic (ECG) signs of ischemia. Patients were divided into 2 groups; Group I: patients with one or none of the atherogenic risk factors and Group II: patients with 2 or more of the atherogenic risk factors or peripheral vascular disease (PVD) alone. EST was carried out for all patients. Ischemia was diagnosed by ECG. Other tests were carried out as echocardiography, ultrasound Doppler of carotid arteries. Results: Only 57/63 (90.5%) patients had a diagnostic EST; 11 (19.3%) tested to be positive and 46 (80.7%) tested to be negative. ECG indicated ischemic features in 10 patients with positive EST. Ultrasound Doppler showed PVD in 3 out of 41 patients. Using multivariate analysis, there was a significant association of positive EST with PVD, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and hypertension. Conclusion: As the number of the atherogenic risk factors in diabetic patients increase, the incidence of SMI increases. Therefore, EST is applicable and practicable for screening of SMI in type 2 diabetic patients with 2 or more atherogenic risk factors. Keywords: Silent Myocardial ischemia, Exercise Stress test, Diabetes mellitus. Citation: Al-Ethary ZY, Alrikabi MB. Screening of silent myocardial ischemia in type 2 diabetic patients with additional atherogenic risk factors; the applicability of exercise stress test. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(1): 70-78. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.1.10
AMORPHOPHALLUS KONJAC AND POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors:   Baghdad Health Directorate - Al-Karkh, Ministry of Health, Iraq, Hussein Ehab , Abu-Raghif Ahmed ,   Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Almuaid Hala ,   Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is that the commonest reproductive endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, affecting high of population worldwide. It’s the most typical multisystem endocrinopathy having diverse etiopathogenesis in women, causing menstrual irregularities, hirsutism and anovulatory infertility. Objective: To determine the effect of Glucomannan, Amorphophallus konjac supplementation on body weight, body mass index (BMI), Insulin level, insulin resistance indexes, fasting glucose level, luteinizing hormone (LH) level, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and lipid profile in over weight and obese women patients with PCOS. Methods: Thirty obese and overweight women with PCOS, mean BMI = 32 kg/m2 with mean age = 29 yr were enrolled in the study. They were received Glucomannan in a dose of 2300 mg daily) for three months. The parameters were measured before and after three months of treatment are BMI, fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin levels, Insulin resistance indexes; homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), lipid profile; serum cholesterol, triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), LH, testosterone and SHBG. Results: Glucomannan shows highly significant decrease in weight, glucose, insulin level, HOMAB, HOMAIR, QUICKI, testosterone, LH, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C and LDL-C and highly significant increase in HDL-C and SHBG concentrations, no effect on BMI. Conclusion: Glucomannan was effective in management of patients with PCOS through their ability to decrease the glucose, insulin levels, insulin resistance indexes, lipid profile, testosterone and LH and increase the HDL-C and SHBG. Keywords: PCOS, Glucomannan, obese, overweight, SHBG Citation: Hussein ES, Abu-Raghif AR, Almuaid HA. Amorphophallus konjac and polycystic ovary syndrome. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(1): 61-69. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.1.9
Artemisinin Attenuates Inflammation in Rats with Ulcerative Colitis Through Inhibition of Inflammatory Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress and Adhesion Molecules
Authors:   College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Thi-Qar, Iraq, Abdullah Hanaa , Abd Abdulkareem ,   Dept. of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Qasim Ban ,   Dept. of Pathology, College of Medicine, AlNahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

ackground: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic refractory inflammatory disease affecting the colon. Several drugs have been developed for it, nevertheless, there are limitations in the therapy due to the inadequate responses and significant undesirable effects. Therefore, novel safer drugs with more therapeutic efficacy are needed. Objective: To investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects and histological outcome of artemisinin in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Methods: Rats with colitis were received either artemisinin 100 mg/kg or sulfasalazine 100 mg/kg orally for 7 days. Macroscopical and microscopical assessment, the measurement of the colonic cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4)), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and E-Selectin. Results: Both macroscopical lesion area and histological colonic damage induced by acetic acid were significantly reduced by artemisinin and sulfasalazine accompanied by attenuation of the elevated colonic TNF-α, IL-4, MPO activity and E-Selectin. Conclusion: Artemisinin had an effective role in experimental colitis in rats through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. Keywords: Acetic acid, artemisinin, oxidative stress, E-Selectin, ulcerative colitis, IL-4 Citation: Abdullah HR, Abd AH, Qasim BJ. Artemisinin attenuates inflammation in rats with ulcerative colitis through inhibition of inflammatory biomarkers, oxidative stress and adhesion molecules. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 155-163. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.10
Is Dynamic Condylar Screw Better Than (95°) Blade Plate in Management of Subtrochanteric Fracture of Femur?
Authors:   Section of Orthopedic, Dept. of Surgery, Al-Imamein Al-kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, Joda Ahmed , Chhaily Zuhair ,   Section of Orthopedic, Dept. of Surgery, Al-Imamein Al-kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, Abd Ali Ahmed ,   Section of Orthopedic, Dept. of Surgery, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, Rahee Laith ,   Section of Orthopedic, Dept. of Surgery, Al-Imamein Al-kadhimein Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: February 2022

Background: Subtrochanteric fractures account for approximately 10-30% of all hip fractures, affecting persons of all ages and should be internally fixed to reduce the morbidity and mortality by early rehabilitation and mobilization. A dynamic condylar screw (DCS) and a 95° angle blade plate (BP) provide a good choice for fixation of subtrochanteric fractures so it is a matter of debate that which one is the best fixation in such fractures. Objective: To evaluate the surgical treatment of subtrochanteric fracture of femur using DCS versus a 95° BP. Methods: Prospective comparative study of 40 patients conducted in Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City from November 2015 to November 2017. Twenty patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation by using DCS and other twenty patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation by using a 95° BP. The mode of injury, site and type of fracture, age of patients, operating time, and blood loss, union rate, complication of implants, functional results were compared between the groups. Results: Out of 40 patients, there were 26 (65%) male, right side affected in 24 (60%) patients. Mechanism of injury was trivial trauma observed in 28 (70%) patients. According to a Russell-Taylors classification, majority of fractures are type IB that observed in 16 (40%) patients. Majority of the patients, 27 (67.5%), started full weight bearing at 14 weeks. There was no significant mean age difference between the two groups (p=0.7). The mean operation time of DCS (83±4.3 min) was lower significantly than of 95° BP (p<0.001). Mean blood loss from DCS variety (365±63 cc) was lower significantly than of 95° BP (p=0007). Infection occurred less frequently significantly in patients who treated by DCS than those treated by 95° BP (p=0.03). There was no association between types of open reduction and internal fixation treatment variety and functional result according to the modified Harris hip score (p=0.52). Conclusion: DCS better than 95ᵒ BP because of its technically easier, possibility to correct reduction even after insertion, less perioperative complication and earlier weight bearing. Keywords: Subtrochanteric fractures of femur, dynamic condylar screw, 95ᵒ BP Citation: Joda AI, Chhaily ZA, Abd Ali AS, Rahee LS. Is dynamic condylar screw better than (95°) blade plate in management of subtrochanteric fracture of femur? Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 123-129. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.6