bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Helium Variation in Four Small Magellanic Cloud Globular Clusters
Authors: Lagioia Edoardo P. , Milone Antonino P. , Marino Anna F. , Dotter Aaron
Published: January 2019

The multiple stellar populations (MPs) of the ∼11–13 Gyr old globular clusters (GCs) in our Galaxy are characterized by the different content of several light elements. These elements describe well-defined patterns like the C–N and the Na–O anticorrelations and the He–N and Na–N correlations. The discovery of MPs in Magellanic Cloud GCs opened up new paths for the investigation of chemical anomalies in clusters with different ages and physical properties. In this context, we used Hubble Space Telescope photometry to investigate the MPs and constrain their chemical composition of four ∼6–11 Gyr extragalactic GCs, namely NGC 121, NGC 339, NGC 416, and Lindsay 1 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The comparison of the stellar colors with synthetic spectra suggests that the second-population stars of NGC 121, NGC 339, and NGC 416 are slightly enhanced in helium by

and 0.010 ± 0.003, respectively, with respect to the first population, while we find no significant helium variation in Lindsay 1

. Moreover, the second-population stars of all the clusters are, on average, enhanced in nitrogen and depleted in carbon and oxygen, in close analogy with what we observe in Galactic GCs.
Statistical Signatures of Nanoflare Activity. I. Monte Carlo Simulations and Parameter-space Exploration
Authors: Jess D. B. , Dillon C. J. , Kirk M. S. , Reale F. , Mathioudakis M. , Grant S. D. T. , Christian D. J. , Keys P. H. , Krishna Prasad S. , Houston S. J.
Published: January 2019

Small-scale magnetic reconnection processes in the form of nanoflares have become increasingly hypothesized as important mechanisms for the heating of the solar atmosphere, driving propagating disturbances along magnetic field lines in the Sun’s corona, and instigating rapid jetlike bursts in the chromosphere. Unfortunately, the relatively weak signatures associated with nanoflares place them below the sensitivities of current observational instrumentation. Here we employ Monte Carlo techniques to synthesize realistic nanoflare intensity time series from a dense grid of power-law indices and decay timescales. Employing statistical techniques, which examine the modeled intensity fluctuations with more than 107 discrete measurements, we show how it is possible to extract and quantify nanoflare characteristics throughout the solar atmosphere, even in the presence of significant photon noise. A comparison between the statistical parameters (derived through examination of the associated intensity fluctuation histograms) extracted from the Monte Carlo simulations and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 171 and 94 Å observations of active region NOAA 11366 reveals evidence for a flaring power-law index within the range of 1.82 ≤ α ≤ 1.90, combined with e-folding timescales of 385 ± 26 and 262 ± 17 s for the SDO/AIA 171 and 94 Å channels, respectively. These results suggest that nanoflare activity is not the dominant heating source for the active region under investigation. This opens the door for future dedicated observational campaigns to not only unequivocally search for the presence of small-scale reconnection in solar and stellar environments but also quantify key characteristics related to such nanoflare activity.
Description of four new species of armoured spiders (Araneae, Tetrablemmidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Fardiansah Riko , Dupérré Nadine , Widyastuti Rahayu , Potapov Anton , Scheu Stefan , Harms Danilo
Published: January 2019

Four new species of armoured spiders from Sumatra, Indonesia are described. Three species are described in the genusAblemmaRoewer, 1963 and one species in the genusBrignoliellaShear, 1978;Ablemmaandrianasp. n.(male),Ablemmacontritasp. n.(male and female),Ablemmakelincisp. n.(male) andBrignoliellapatmaesp. n.(male and female). The female ofAblemmasingalangLehtinen, 1981 is described here for the first time. The first record ofBrignoliellafor Sumatra is also presented.
Prompted Voiding for Individuals With Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Newman Diane K.
Published: January 2019

Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most common conditions among residents of post-acute and long-term care facilities. UI is seen in at least 55% of nursing home residents and is the second leading cause of institutionalization of older adults. UI has been shown to be an independent risk factor for unplanned hospitalization of home care individuals. Prompted voiding (PV) is a toileting program that combines scheduled voiding with “prompting” from a caregiver and is appropriate for older adults with all types of UI and in individuals who may have impaired cognitive function. The current article summarizes a guideline on the evidence for PV in individuals with UI in reducing the frequency and severity of UI episodes, increasing self-initiated requests to toilet, and preventing complications associated with UI in older adults in their homes and acute and extended care facilities. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(2), 14–26.]
Assessing Informal and Formal Diabetes Knowledge in African American Older Adults With Uncontrolled Diabetes
Authors: Skrine Jeffers Kia , Cadogan Mary , Heilemann MarySue V. , Phillips Linda R.
Published: January 2019

Some researchers attribute the excess rates of diabetes complications among African American older adults compared to other racial/ethnic subgroups to low diabetes knowledge. Diabetes knowledge measures have a biomedical orientation, including knowledge of glycemic control and using diet and exercise to control blood sugar. Measures do not assess informal knowledge that patients obtain outside of the clinical environment. The distinction between formal and informal knowledge is meaningful for cultural groups such as African American individuals who have historically transferred knowledge about maintaining their health “through the grapevine.” A qualitative approach was used to understand participants' informal diabetes knowledge. Three major themes identified addressed the threat that participants perceived when diagnosed, the social construction of diabetes knowledge through their lived and observed experiences, and the limited role that clinicians played in participants' diabetes knowledge acquisition. Findings reveal ways nurses can individualize the diabetes education they provide to African American older adults based on their experiential understanding. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45
(2), 35–41.]
ANATOMIC VARIATIONS OF THE PES ANSERINUS: A CADAVER STUDY
Authors: Ivey Marty , Prud'homme Joe
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Both knees of 51 cadavers were dissected to identify anatomic variations of the pes anserinus. The tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus were exposed through an inverted L subperiosteal incision beginning at the crest of the tibia. The upper border of the gracilis tendon was located an average of 5.5 cm from the anteromedial joint line. The tendons of the gracilis and semitendinosus fuse an average of 3.18 cm from their insertion and are firmly adherent to layer I (sartorius tendon). Forty-eight percent of the specimens demonstrated at least one of seven variations, ranging from fascial loops connecting the sartorius tendon with the medial collateral ligament to separate tendon slips from each of the three tendons inserting separately into the tibia or the crural fascia. This exposure is recommended to safely and efficiently dissect the tendons of the pes anserinus for use in reconstructive procedures of the knee.
DENIAL
Authors: Forchuk Cheryl , Westwell Jan
Published: January 2019

Understanding the theoretical process of denial gives the nurse a framework within which to assist patients.
Effects of heating temperature on the tocopherol contents of chemically and physically refined rice bran oil
Authors: Bruscatto M. H. , Pestana-Bauer V. R. , Otero D. M. , Zambiazi R. C.
Published: January 2019

The stability of α-, (β+γ)- and δ-tocopherols present in rice bran oil at different heating temperatures has been evaluated. For this purpose, samples of rice bran oil from chemical and physical refining processes in Brazilian industries were studied. The oils were submitted to cabinet drying without air circulation in the absence of light at 100 ºC, 140 ºC and 180 ºC. The samples were taken before heating and after 48, 144, 240, 336, 432, 576, 768, 1008 and 1368h of heating. The analyses of tocopherols were made by high performance liquid chromatography, with a fluorescence detector. It was determined that α-tocopherol was the compound with the fastest degradation rate at the three heating temperatures. The highest degradation rate of tocopherols in both oils occurred at 180 ºC. Among the tocopherols studied, α tocopherol presented the lowest stability, followed by (β+γ)- and δ-tocopherols.
2017 Korea-Canada-U.S.A. Beaufort Sea (offshore Yukon and Northwest Territories) research program: processing of 2-D seismic data collected during expedition ARA08C
Authors: Duchesne M J , Kang S -G , Jang U
Published: January 2019

During expedition ARA08C, 890 km of multichannel seismic data have been collected offshore Yukon and Northwest Territories in water depths ranging from 23 to 1866 m onboard RV Araon operated by the Korea Polar Research Institute. The layout of the seismic program
was designed to address a wide variety of geological problems including subsea permafrost, gas hydrates, glacial history, fluid migration and offshore geohazards. The survey provided a very high quality dataset but shallow water depths and hard sea bottom made the processing of the seismic data
challenging. This report highlights processing methods applied on the dataset and briefly discusses processing results in terms of improvement of the subsurface imaging.
Challenges of primary healthcare nurses regarding the integration of HIV and AIDS services into primary healthcare in Vhembe district of Limpopo province, South Africa
Authors: Tshililo Azwidihwi R. , Mangena-Netshikweta Lizzy , Nemathaga Livhuwani H. , Maluleke Mary
Published: January 2019

Background: Integration of human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV and AIDS) services into primary healthcare (PHC) is a key public health approach to achieving universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite the government’s efforts of integrating HIV services into PHC, an insufficient number of PHC staff and inadequate infrastructure are challenging when integrating HIV and AIDS services into PHC. This study explored the challenges of PHC nurses regarding the integration of HIV and AIDS services into PHC.Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the challenges of PHC nurses regarding the integration of HIV and AIDS services into PHC.Method: An exploratory, descriptive and contextual qualitative research design utilising face-to-face semi-structured interviews was conducted with 12 PHC nurses from selected clinics and health centres in the Vhembe district of Limpopo province.Results: Two main themes emerged from data analysis which included challenges related to healthcare recipients and challenges related to healthcare providers.Conclusion: Clear policies on the integration of HIV and AIDS services into PHC should be available and should include strategies to promote HIV testing and counselling, adherence to ART and scheduled appointments, disclosure of HIV status as well as revising the human resource policy to reduce workload.
Monitoring consumptive resource use in South African national parks
Authors: Vermeulen Wessel , Van Wilgen Nicola , Smith Kyle , Dopolo Mbulelo , Swemmer Louise , Annecke Wendy , Bezuidenhout Hugo , Durrheim Graham , Hanekom Nick , Hendricks Howard , McGeoch Melodie , Ngubeni Ntombizodwa , Symonds Alexis
Published: January 2019

Monitoring is an essential component of measuring the performance of protected areas. This requirement led to the development of a biodiversity monitoring system for South African National Parks (SANParks). The system comprises of ten major programmes, each focusing on a core area of conservation biodiversity monitoring, with resource use being one of the focal areas. With the growing appreciation of the importance of natural resources for the socio-economic well-being of communities and other stakeholders, sustainable resource use is an important component of the management of natural areas and national parks. To gauge sustainability, a sound monitoring and research programme that fits within the context of the SANParks’ adaptive management approach towards social-ecological system management is required. The purpose of this article was to define the context and scope in which consumptive resource use takes place within SANParks and to outline the criteria necessary for developing a sound monitoring programme to assess the sustainability of such use. The monitoring programme is structured in view of the fact that sustainable resource use is achievable only where all dimensions of sustainability (social, economic and ecological) are considered simultaneously. In terms of the social and economic dimensions of sustainability, the programme provides for assessing stakeholder needs, trends in resource use and the social and economic impacts of resource use. Monitoring that relates to the ecological dimension of sustainability of biological resource use deals with the rate of turnover and population dynamics of target species, as well as harvest impact. In terms of abiotic (non-renewable) resources, monitoring deals with sound management practices to minimise impact on the environment, and to optimise benefits through responsible use.Conservation implications: The resource use monitoring programme is intended to ensure that monitoring relating to the harvesting of natural resources from national parks is scientifically sound and conducted in a structured way, towards meeting the objective of sustainable use and compliance with national legislation. The article illustrates how SANParks meets its obligation to monitor biodiversity conservation while at the same time meeting the needs for the consumptive use of resources.
Fungal fibrosing mediastinitis in pregnancy – Case report with review of literature
Authors: Vaideeswar P , Chaudhari J , Goel N
Published: January 2019

Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is characterized by extensive and invasive fibro-inflammatory proliferation, triggered by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to variety of infective or noninfective stimuli. The infective agents often have a geographic distribution such as Histoplasma capsulatum in North America and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Asian regions. In few reports, the mediastinitis is caused by fungi, particularly Aspergillus species. We report the first case of possible aspergillous FM in a young pregnant woman.
Об аналитическом пертурбативном решении квантовой спектральной кривой для модели Аарони-Бергмана-Жафериса-Малдасены
Authors: Lee Roman Nikolaevich , Onischenko Andrei Ivanovich
Published: January 2019

Недавно было показано, каким образом с использованием преобразований Меллина можно решить неоднородные разностные уравнения второго порядка, появляющиеся при описании квантовой спектральной кривой для модели Аарони-Бергмана-Жафериса-Малдасены. Были получены результаты для аномальных размерностей операторов твиста $1$ в секторе $sl(2)$ для произвольных значений спина в четырехпетлевом приближении. Также ранее было продемонстрировано, что аномальные размерности можно записать в терминах гармонических сумм, дополненных множителями в виде корней четвертой степени из единицы, так что выполняется принцип максимальной трансцендентальности. Здесь этот результат получен путем непосредственного решения упомянутых разностных уравнений в пространстве спектрального параметра $u$. Использованы новые нетривиальные соотношения между гипергеометрическими функциями, которые могут иметь разнообразные приложения. Ожидается, что данный метод можно обобщить как на случай старших петель, так и на случай других теорий, таких как $\mathcal N=4$ суперсимметричная теория Янга-Миллса.
Точные результаты для изотропной цепочки Гейзенберга спина $1/2$ с диссипацией на границах
Authors: Popkov Vladislav Yur'evich , Karevski Dragi , Schutz Gunter Markus
Published: January 2019

Исследуется открытая изотропная квантовая цепочка Гейзенберга со спином $1/2$ и конечным числом $N$ узлов, взаимодействующая на концах с диссипативной средой, которая вызывает поляризацию граничных спинов в разных направлениях. Используется анзац матричного произведения, который дает точную приведенную матрицу плотности цепочки Гейзенберга. Матричная алгебра, вытекающая из анзаца матричного произведения, изучена более подробно, чем в предыдущей работе авторов. Получены точные результаты для неравновесной статистической суммы, касающиеся влияния квантовых флуктуаций на граничные таргет-состояния и на корреляции тока и намагниченности в стационарном состоянии. Граничные состояния остаются чистыми с точностью до порядка $o(N^{-2})$. Показано, что локальная намагниченность и локальный ток, перпендикулярный плоскости, натянутой на граничные поляризации, имеют дальнодействующие корреляции, а локальные корреляции намагниченности с локальными токами в плоскости строго запрещены.
O ensino de língua italiana nas escolas públicas de Santa Catarina: reflexões a partir das demandas da pós-modernidade
Authors: Valle Carla Regina Martins
Published: January 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo é oferecer um breve panorama atualizado sobre o ensino da língua italiana nas escolas públicas de Santa Catarina/Brasil e refletir sobre as contribuições das perspectivas linguísticas conectadas com demandas contemporâneas (teorias pós-modernas críticas, pós-coloniais, sociolinguística de terceira onda e linguística aplicada) para o ensino de línguas em contextos de imigração. Conclui-se que a oferta da língua italiana nas escolas públicas de Santa Catarina sofreu brusca redução e aponta-se a necessidade de entender os processos de identificação dos sujeitos com suas línguas de herança como ponto de partida para o planejamento de políticas para o ensino da língua.
Small renal carcinoma: the “when” and “how” of operation, active surveillance, and ablation
Authors: Wendler Jakob Johann , Liehr Bernd Uwe , Damm Robert , Powerski Maciej , Brunner Thomas , Schostak Martin , Pech Maciej
Published: January 2019

Small, locally restricted renal cell carcinoma less than 4 cm in size should ideally be removed operatively by nephron-sparing tumour enucleation (partial kidney resection). In an increasingly elderly population, there is a growing trend toward parallel incidence of renal cell carcinoma and chronic renal insufficiency, with the latter’s associated general comorbidities. Thus, for some patients, the risks of the anaesthesia and operation increase, while the advantage in terms of survival decreases. Transcutaneous radio-frequency ablation under local anaesthesia, transcutaneous afterloading high-dose-rate brachytherapy under local anaesthesia, and percutaneous stereotactic ablative radiotherapy may offer a less invasive alternative therapy. Active surveillance is to be regarded as no more than a controlled bridging up to definitive treatment (operation or ablation), while watchful waiting, on account of the lack of prognostic relevance and the symptomatology of renal cell carcinoma, with its comorbidity-related, clearly reduced life expectancy, does not involve any further diagnostic or therapeutic measures.
Corona mortis variant of the obturator artery: a systematic study
of 300 hemipelvises by means of computed tomography angiography
Authors: Perandini Simone , Perandini Alessio , Puntel Gino , Puppini Giovanni , Montemezzi Stefania
Published: January 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the present study is to systematically assess the prevalence and characteristics of the corona mortis (CM) variant of the obturator artery by means of computerised tomography angiography (CTA).

Material and methods

A total of 150 consecutive patients (112 males, average age 73 years) referred to CTA for lower limb arterial evaluation were included in this retrospective study. Patient demographics, anastomosis incidence, artery diameter, distance from the symphysis pubis, Kellgren-Lawrence score, and pelvic size were evaluated.

Results

In this study 40.6% of patients presented at least one competent CM arterial anastomosis. In the 300 evaluated arteries, 90 arterial anastomoses were found (30%), 40 on the right side (average diameter 1.63 mm) and
50 on the left side (1.78 mm). In 32 cases there was only one anastomosis, while in 29 cases the CM was bilateral. No anastomoses were detected in 89 patients. Mean distance from the symphysis was 50 mm. No relevant association with hip osteoarthrosis was found for CM. Mean pelvic size was 213 mm.

Conclusions

The evidence from this study suggests that CM is a common variant that needs to be acknowledged before pelvic intervention.
Accuracy of the European Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (EU-TIRADS) in the valuation of thyroid nodule malignancy in reference to the post-surgery histological results
Authors: Skowrońska Anna , Milczarek-Banach Justyna , Wiechno Wieslaw , Chudziński Witold , Żach Marcin , Mazurkiewicz Michał , Miśkiewicz Piotr , Bednarczuk Tomasz
Published: January 2019

Purpose

To assess the clinical usefulness of the European Thyroid Imaging and Reporting Data System (EU-TIRADS) in the valuation of thyroid nodules malignancy in reference to post-surgery histological results.

Material and methods

Pre-operative ultrasound was performed in consecutive patients admitted for thyroid surgery between June 2017 and January 2018. Thyroid nodules were classified according to EU-TIRADS to five groups: 1-5. At least one fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)/patient (dominant or suspected nodule) was performed in an outpatient clinic. The final diagnosis was based on the histological result. The percentage of cancers in each EU-TIRADS group was evaluated. Finally, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, as well as positive and negative predictive values for malignancy were assessed.

Results

Fifty-two patients with a total of 140 thyroid nodules (median: 3 nodules/thyroid [minimum-maximum: 1-6]) were enrolled in the study. Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 0% (0/6) in EU-TIRADS 2; 0% (0/92) in EU-TIRADS 3; 5.9% (2/34) in EU-TIRADS 4, and 75% (6/8) in EU-TIRADS 5. In nodules assessed as EU-TIRADS ≥ 4 sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for malignancy were, respectively: 75% (CI 95%: 40.7-93.5), 94.1% (CI 95%: 86.0-98.5), 75% (CI 95%: 40.7-93.5), and 94.1% (CI 95%: 86.0-98.5).

Conclusions

EU-TIRADS is a valuable and simple tool for assessment of the risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules and demonstrates a high ultrasound correlation with histological post-surgery results. FNAB should be performed in all nodules assessed as EU-TIRADS ≥ 4, due to higher risk of malignancy.
Estimation of ground-level particulate matter concentrations through the synergistic use of satellite observations and process-based models over South Korea
Authors: Park Seohui , Shin Minso , Im Jungho , Song Chang-Keun , Choi Myungje , Kim Jhoon , Lee Seungun , Park Rokjin , Kim Jiyoung , Lee Dong-Won , Kim Sang-Kyun
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic
diameters < 10 (PM10) and 2.5 µm (PM2.5) has
negative effects on human health. Although station-based PM monitoring has
been conducted around the world, it is still challenging to provide spatially
continuous PM information for vast areas at high spatial resolution.
Satellite-derived aerosol information such as aerosol optical depth (AOD) has
been frequently used to investigate ground-level PM concentrations. In this
study, we combined multiple satellite-derived products including AOD with
model-based meteorological parameters (i.e., dew-point temperature, wind
speed, surface pressure, planetary boundary layer height, and relative
humidity) and emission parameters (i.e., NO, NH3, SO2,
primary organic aerosol (POA), and HCHO) to estimate surface PM concentrations over South Korea. Random
forest (RF) machine learning was used to estimate both PM10 and
PM2.5 concentrations with a total of 32 parameters for 2015–2016. The
results show that the RF-based models produced good performance resulting in
R2 values of 0.78 and 0.73 and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 17.08 and
8.25 µg m−3 for PM10 and
PM2.5, respectively. In particular, the proposed models successfully
estimated high PM concentrations. AOD was identified as the most significant
for estimating ground-level PM concentrations, followed by wind speed, solar
radiation, and dew-point temperature. The use of aerosol information derived
from a geostationary satellite sensor (i.e., Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, GOCI) resulted in slightly
higher accuracy for estimating PM concentrations than that from a
polar-orbiting sensor system (i.e., the Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS). The proposed RF models yielded
better performance than the process-based approaches, particularly in
improving on the underestimation of the process-based models (i.e., GEOS-Chem
and the Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System, CMAQ).
Observational evidence of particle condensational
growth in the UTLS over Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Qianshan , Ma Jianzhong , Zheng Xiangdong , Yan Xiaolu , Vömel Holger , Wienhold Frank G. , Gao Wei , Liu Dongwei , Shi Guangming , Cheng Tiantao
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We measured the vertical profiles of aerosol backscattering ratio (BSR) with a balloon-borne lightweight COBALD at Linzhi, located in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, in the summer of 2014. An enhanced aerosol layer in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) are found), with BSR (455 nm) > 1.1 and BSR (940 nm) > 1.4., was observed. The Color Index (CI) of the enhanced aerosol layer, defined as the ratio of aerosol backscatter ratios at wavelengths of 940 nm and 455 nm, varied from 4 to 8, indicating the prevalence of dominant fine particles with mode radius less than 0.1 μm. For those aerosol We find that except for the very small particles with (mode radius smaller than 0.04 μm) at low relative humidity (RHi
Investigation of the ionospheric absorption response to flare events during the solar cycle 23 as seen by European and South African ionosondes
Authors: Barta Veronika , Sátori Gabriella , Berényi Kitti Alexandra , Kis Árpád , Williams Earle
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Systematic analysis of ionosopheric parameters measured at mid- and low-latitudes was performed to study the ionospheric response to solar flares. The lowest recorded ionosonde echo, the mimimum frequency (fmin, a qualitative proxy for the nondeviative radio wave absorption occurring in the D-layer), furthermore the dfmin parameter (difference between the value of the fmin and the mean fmin for reference days) have been investigated. The time series of the fmin and dfmin parameters recorded at meridionally-distributed ionosonde stations in Europe and South Africa were analyzed during eight X and M class solar flares during solar cycle 23. The solar zenith angles of the observation sites at the time of the selected flares have been also taken into account. Total and partial radio fade-out was experienced at every ionospheric stations during intense solar flares (> M6). The duration of the total radio fade-out varied between 15 and 150 min and it was highly dependent on the solar zenith angle of the ionospheric stations. Furthermore, a solar zenith angle-dependent enhancement of the fmin (2–9 MHz) and dfmin (1–8 MHz) parameters was observed at almost every stations. The fmin and dfmin parameters show an increasing trend with the enhancement of the X-ray flux. Based on the results, the dfmin parameter is a good qualitative measure for the relative variation of the nondeviative absorption especially in the case of the less intense solar flares which do not cause total radio fade-out in the ionosphere (class
Characteristics of soil profile CO2 concentrations in karst areas and its significance for global carbon cycles and climate change
Authors: Chen Qiao
Published: January 2019

Abstract. CO2 concentrations of 21 soil profiles were measured in Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. The varying characteristics of soil profile CO2 concentration are distinguishable between carbonate and non-carbonate areas. In non-carbonate areas, soil profile CO2 concentrations increase and show significant positive correlations with soil depth. In carbonate areas, however, deep soil CO2 concentrations decrease and have no significant correlations with soil depth. Soil organic carbon is negatively correlated with soil CO2 concentrations in non-carbonate areas. In carbonate areas, such relationships are not clear. It means the special geological process in carbonate areas- carbonate corrosion- absorbs part of the deep soil profile CO2. Isotope and soil pH data also support such process. Mathematical model simulating soil profile CO2 concentration was proposed. In non-carbonate areas, the measured and the simulated values are almost equal, while the measured CO2 concentrations of deep soils are less than the simulated in carbonate areas. Such results also indicate the occurrence of carbonate corrosion and the consuming of deep soil CO2 in carbonate areas. The decreased CO2 concentration was roughly evaluated based on stratigraphic unit and farming activities. Soil pH and the purity of CaCO3 in carbonate bedrock deeply affect the corrosion. The corrosion in carbonate areas decreases deep soil CO2 greatly (accounting for 10–70 %, with average of 36 %), and naturally affects the soil CO2 released into the atmosphere. Knowledge of this process is important for karst carbon cycles and global climate changes, and it may be a potential part of the missing sink.
EDGAR v4.3.2 Global Atlas of
the three major Greenhouse
Gas Emissions for the period 1970–2012
Authors: Janssens-Maenhout Greet , Crippa Monica , Guizzardi Diego , Muntean Marilena , Schaaf Edwin , Dentener Frank , Bergamaschi Peter , Pagliari Valerio , Olivier Jos , Peters Jeroen , van Aardenne John , Monni Suvi , Doering Ulrike , Petrescu Roxana , Solazzo Efisio , Oreggioni Gabriel
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) compiles anthropogenic emissions data for greenhouse gases (GHG) and for multiple air pollutants based on international statistics and emission factors. EDGAR data provides quantitative support for atmospheric modelling and for mitigation scenario and impact assessment analyses as well as for policy evaluation. The new version v4.3.2 of the EDGAR emission inventory provides global estimates, disaggregated to IPCC-relevant source-sector levels, from 1970 (the year of EU's first Air Quality Directive) to 2012 (the end year of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (KP)). Strengths of EDGAR v4.3.2 include global geo-coverage (226 countries), continuity in time, and comprehensiveness in activities. Emissions of multiple chemical compounds, GHG as well as air pollutants, from relevant sources (fossil fuel activities but also, for example fermentation processes in agricultural activities) are compiled following a bottom-up (BU), fully-traceable and IPCC-based methodology. This paper describes EDGARv4.3.2 developments with respect to three major GHG (CO2, CH4, and N2O) derived from a wide range of human activities apart from the land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector and apart from Savannah burning; a companion paper quantifies and discusses emissions of air pollutants. Detailed information is included for each of the IPCC-relevant source-sectors, leading to global totals for 2010 (in the middle of the first KP commitment period) (with 95 % confidence interval in parentheses): 33.6 (±5.9) Pg CO2/yr, 0.34 (±0.16) Pg CH4/yr, and 7.2 (±3.7) Tg N2O/yr. We provide uncertainty factors in emissions data for the different GHGs and for three different groups of countries: OECD countries of 1990, countries with economies in transition in 1990, and the remaining countries in development (the UNFCCC non-Annex I parties). We document trends for the major emitting countries together with the European Union in more detail, demonstrating that effects of fuel markets and financial stability have had greater impacts on GHG trends than effects of income or population. These data (DOI: https://doi.org/10.2904/JRC_DATASET_EDGAR) are visualised with annual and monthly global emissions grid-maps of 0.1° ×0.1° for each source-sector; these data can be freely accessed from the EDGAR website http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=432&SECURE=123.
CAM6 simulation of mean and extreme precipitation over Asia: Sensitivity to upgraded physical parameterizations and higher horizontal resolution
Authors: Lin Lei , Gettelman Andrew , Xu Yangyang , Wu Chenglai , Wang Zhili , Dong Wenjie
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) released in 2018, as part of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) modeling framework, is a major upgrade over the previous CAM5 that has been used in numerous global and regional climate studies in the past six years. Since CESM2/CAM6 will participate in the upcoming Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) and is likely to be adopted in many future studies, its simulation fidelity needs to be thoroughly examined. Here we evaluate the performance of a developmental version of the Community Atmosphere Model with parameterizations that will be used in CMIP6 (CAM6α) with the default 1º horizontal resolution (0.9º × 1.25º, CAM6α-1º) and a higher resolution simulation (approximately 0.25º, CAM6α-0.25º), against various precipitation observational datasets over Asia. The CAM6α performance is also compared with CAM5 with the default 1º horizontal resolution (CAM5-1º). With the prognostic treatment of precipitation processes (which is missing in CAM5) and the new microphysics module, CAM6 is able to better simulate climatological mean and extreme precipitation over Asia, to better capture the heaviest precipitation events, to reproduce the diurnal cycle of precipitation rates over most of Asia, and to better simulate the probability density distributions of daily precipitation over Tibet, Korea, Japan and Northern China. Higher horizontal resolution in CAM6α improves simulations of mean and extreme precipitation over mountainous Sichuan and Northern China, but the performance degrades over the Maritime continent. Further diagnosis on moisture budget suggests that the physical processes leading to model improvement are different over different regions. Both upgraded physical parameterizations and higher horizontal resolution affect the precipitation response to internal variability of ocean and atmosphere (e.g. Asian monsoon index, ENSO, PDO), but the effects vary across different regions. Higher horizontal resolution degrades the model performance in simulating precipitation variability associated with the East Asian summer monsoon in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The precipitation variability associated with ENSO gets better with upgraded physical parameterizations and higher horizontal resolution. Higher horizontal resolution, however, induces an opposite response to PDO in CAM6 over Southern China.
The effect of cyclones crossing the Mediterranean region on sea level
anomalies at the Mediterranean Sea coast
Authors: Lionello Piero , Conte Dario , Reale Marco
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Large positive and negative sea level anomalies at the coast of the Mediterranean Sea are linked to intensity and position of cyclones moving along the Mediterranean storm track, with dynamics involving different factors. This analysis is based on a model hindcast and considers nine coastal stations, which are representative of sea level anomalies with different magnitude and characteristics. When a shallow water fetch is present, the wind around the cyclone center is the main cause of sea level positive and negative anomalies, depending on its onshore or offshore direction. The inverse barometer effect produces a positive anomaly at the coast near the cyclone pressure minimum and a negative anomaly at the opposite side of the Mediterranean Sea, because a cross-basin mean sea level pressure gradient is associated to the presence of a cyclone. Further, at some stations, negative sea level anomalies are reinforced by a residual water mass redistribution within the basin, which is associated with a transient response to the atmospheric pressure forcing. Though the link between presence of a cyclone in the Mediterranean has comparable importance for positive and negative anomalies, the relation between cyclone position and intensity is stronger for the magnitude of positive events. Area of cyclogenesis, track of the central minimum and position at the time of the event differ depending on the location where the sea level anomaly occurs and on its sign. The western Mediterranean is the main cyclogenesis area for both positive and negative anomalies, overall. Atlantic cyclones mainly produce positive sea level anomalies in the western basin. At the easternmost stations, positive anomalies are caused by Cyclogenesis in the Eastern Mediterranean. North Africa cyclogeneses are a major source of positive anomalies at the central African coast and negative anomalies at the eastern Mediterranean and North Aegean coast.
Geochronological and thermometric evidence of unusually hot fluids in an Alpine fissure of Lauzière granite (Belledonne, Western Alps)
Authors: Janots Emilie , Grand'Homme Alexis , Bernet Matthias , Guillaume Damien , Gnos Edwin , Boiron Marie-Christine , Rossi Magali , Seydoux-Guillaume Anne-Magali , De Ascenção Guedes Roger
Published: January 2019

Abstract. A multi-method investigation into Lauzière granite, located in the external Belledonne
massif of the French Alps, reveals unusually hot hydrothermal conditions in
vertical open fractures (Alpine-type clefts). The host-rock granite shows
sub-vertical mylonitic microstructures and partial retrogression at
temperatures of < 400 ∘C during Alpine tectonometamorphism.
Novel zircon fission-track (ZFT) data in the granite give ages at
16.3 ± 1.9 and 14.3 ± 1.6 Ma, confirming that Alpine
metamorphism was high enough to reset the pre-Alpine cooling ages and that
the Lauzière granite had already cooled below 240–280 ∘C and
was exhumed to < 10 km at that time. Novel microthermometric data
and chemical compositions of fluid inclusions obtained on millimetric
monazite and on quartz crystals from the same cleft indicate early
precipitation of monazite from a hot fluid at
T > 410 ∘C, followed by a main stage of quartz growth
at 300–320 ∘C and 1.5–2.2 kbar. Previous Th-Pb dating of cleft
monazite at 12.4 ± 0.1 Ma clearly indicates that this hot fluid
infiltration took place significantly later than the peak of the Alpine
metamorphism. Advective heating due to the hot fluid flow caused resetting of
fission tracks in zircon in the cleft hanging wall, with a ZFT age at
10.3 ± 1.0 Ma. The results attest to the highly dynamic fluid
pathways, allowing the circulation of deep mid-crustal fluids,
150–250 ∘C hotter than the host rock, which affect the thermal regime only at the wall rock of the
Alpine-type cleft. Such advective heating may impact the ZFT data and
represent a pitfall for exhumation rate reconstructions in areas affected by
hydrothermal fluid flow.
Water tracks intensify surface energy and mass exchange in the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys
Authors: Linhardt Tobias , Levy Joseph S. , Thomas Christoph K.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. We evaluated the hypotheses that water tracks alter the surface energy balance in the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys and may serve as an indicator of landscape response to climate change in this dry, cold and ice-sheet-free environment. Water tracks are channel-shaped high moisture zones in the active layer of polar soils. The surface energy balance was measured for one water-track and two non-water-track reference locations in Taylor Valley during the Antarctic summer of 2012–2013. Turbulent atmospheric fluxes of sensible heat and evaporation were observed using the eddy-covariance method in combination with flux footprint modeling, which was the first application of this state-of-the-art technique in the Dry Valleys. Soil heat fluxes were analyzed separately for thawed and frozen layers at all locations via computing the change of the heat storage in the thawed layer from measurements. The results showed that for both water track and reference locations over 50 % of the net radiation was transferred to sensible heat exchange, about 30 % to melting the seasonally thawed layer, and the remainder to evaporation. The net energy flux in the thawed layer was zero. For the water track location, evaporation was increased by a factor of 3.0 relative to the references, ground heat fluxes by 1.4, and net radiation by 1.1, while sensible heat fluxes were reduced down to 0.7. Entertaining a realistic scenario of climate change in Taylor Valley in which the land cover fraction of water tracks increases by 50 %, the total evaporation from lower Taylor Valley would increase by 4 % to 0.30 mm d−1. In summary, our findings show that water tracks have a strong impact on the surface energy balance in ice-sheet free Antarctic regions. Water tracks are hot spots of change and are likely to respond faster to climate change signals than the dominant dry glacial till in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Their spatiotemporal dynamics may therefore serve as indicator of high-sensitivity for change in permafrost-dominated cold landscapes.
PACIENTŲ GYVENIMO KOKYBĖS VERTINIMAS PO KELIO SĄNARIO ENDOPROTEZAVIMO OPERACIJOS. PALYGINIMAS TARP LIETUVOS IR ŠVEDIJOS
Authors: Čebatorius Algimantas , Grigaitis Kazimieras , Stučinskas Justinas , Mockevičienė Daiva , Česnavičius Augustas
Published: January 2019

Pacientų savęs vertinimo klausimynai (PROMs) tampa vis populiaresni vertinat pacientų rezultatus po gydymo. Lietuva ir Švedija yra dvi skirtingo so­cioekonominio statuso šalys. Tyrimo metu buvo sie­kiama palyginti pacientų gyvenimo kokybės pokytį po totalinio kelio sąnario endoprotezavimo (TKE) šiose šalyse. Metodai. Į tyrimą įtraukti pacientai, operuoti dėl os­teoartrito (OA) 2013 metais Lietuvoje ir Švedijoje. Pacientai abejose grupėse buvo vertinami vienodai. Prieš operaciją buvo vertinama: demografiniai rodi­kliai, kūno masės indeksas (KMI), ASA klasė. Ver­tinant PROMs buvo naudojamas bendrą paciento būklę vertinantis klausimynas EQ-5D su EQ-VAS. Klausimynai buvo pildomi prieš operaciją ir vieneri metai po jos. Rezultatai. Įtraukti 527 Švedijos pacientai ir 159 Lie­tuvos pacientai. Atsakymų dažnis po 1 metų nuo ope­racijos: 54 % - Lietuvoje ir 78 % - Švedijoje. Prieš operaciją Švedijos pacientai savo bendrą sveikatą vertino geriau nei lietuviai. Gyvenimo kokybės pa­gerėjimas po operacijos stebėtas abiejose grupėse, tačiau didelio skirtumo tarp jų nenustatyta. Išvados. PROMs vertinimas tarp dviejų skirtingų šalių pacientų yra sudėtingas, todėl vertinant gy­dymo rezultatus tarp dviejų šalių nereiktų naudoti tik PROMs klausimynų.
KLAIPĖDOS MOKINIŲ NARKOTIKŲ VARTOJIMAS IR JŲ PRIEINAMUMAS
Authors: Norkienė Sigutė , Jurgaitienė Dalia , Lazarevičiūtė Vilija
Published: January 2019

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti narkotikų vartojimą tarp Klaipėdos miesto vyresniųjų klasių mokinių ir nar­kotikų prieinamumą. Tyrimui atlikti pasirinktas kie­kybinis apklausos raštu metodas. Tyrime dalyvavo 485 mokiniai iš Klaipėdos miesto gimnazijų nuo 16 iki 18 m. amžiaus, iš jų: 209 berniukai ir 276 mer­gaitės. Statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant SPSS programos 21.0 versijos paketą.

Rezultatai ir išvados. Dažniausiai mokiniai per pasku­tinius 12 mėn. ar per paskutines 30 d. vartojo kanapių produktus, be to, vaikinai statistiškai reikšmingai daž­niau negu merginos. Ypač dažnai per paskutines 30 d. buvo vartojamas alkoholis ir marihuana tuo pačiu metu. Amfetaminai, ekstazis, kokainas, krekas, LSD ar kitas haliucinogenas, heroinas, haliucinogeniniai grybai buvo vartojami žymiai rečiau. Daugiau nei pusė mokinių turi draugų, kurie marihuaną ar hašišą yra išbandę. Nuo 10 iki 20 proc. mokinių turi draugų, vartojančių LSD ar kitus haliucinogenus, ekstazį, am­fetaminus, kokainą kreką, heroiną, haliucinogeninius grybus. Klaipėdos miesto mokinių nuomone, narko­tines medžiagas galėtų įsigyti prekiautojo namuose, diskotekoje, bare, gatvėje, parke ir panašaus pobū­džio vietose. Dalis mokinių narkotines medžiagas gali įsigyti mokykloje. Beveik pusė mokinių nurodė, jog nežino nė vienos vietos, kurioje galėtų įsigyti narko­tinių medžiagų. Mokiniai, gyvenantys tiek mieste, tiek kaime, nurodė, kad gana lengva ir labai lengva gauti marihuanos ar hašišo. Be to, beveik trečdalio mokinių nuomone, gana lengva nusipirkti LSD ir kitų haliucinogenų, amfetaminų, ekstazio, kokaino, haliucinogeninių grybų. Moksleiviai narkotines me­džiagas gauna iš vyresnių draugų, pasidalina grupėje draugų, gauna iš bendraamžių, nusiperka iš draugų, nusiperka iš girdėto žmogaus, kurio asmeniškai ne­pažįsta arba nusiperka iš visai nepažįstamo žmogaus.
PACIENTŲ KELIO FUNKCIJOS VERTINIMAS PO KELIO SĄNARIO ENDOPROTEZAVIMO OPERACIJOS. PALYGINIMAS TARP DVIEJŲ ŠALIŲ
Authors: Čebatorius Algimantas , Grigaitis Kazimieras , Stučinskas Justinas , Mockevičienė Daiva , Česnavičius Augustas
Published: January 2019

Įvadas. Kelio sąnario endoprotezavimo operacija pagerina paciento kelio sąnario funkciją. Pacientai objektyviai tai gali įvertinti naudodami pacientų savęs vertinimo klausimynus (PROMs). Šio tyrimo metu buvo siekiama palyginti kelio sąnario funkciją po kelio sąnario endoprotezavimo dviejose skirtingo socioekonominio lygio šalyse: Lietuvoje ir Švedijoje.

Metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo pacientai iš Lietuvos ir Švedijos, kuriems 2013 metais buvo atliekama kelio sąnario endoprotezavimo operacija dėl osteoartrozės. Iki operacijos buvo vertinama demografiniai rodikliai bei kelio sąnario funkcija. Kelio sąnario funkcijai vertinti buvo naudojamas klausimynas “Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score” (KOOS).

Rezultatai. Įtraukti 527 Švedijos pacientai ir 159 Lie­tuvos pacientai. Po 1 metų susisiekta su 445 Šve­dijos pacientais ir 86 Lietuvos pacientais. Vertinant KOOS klausimyno rezultatus reikšmingo skirtumo nebuvo matoma.

Išvados. Kelio sąnario funkcija iki protezavimo ope­racijos Lietuvoje ir Švedijoje buvo panaši, nustatytas tolygus pagerėjimas praėjus 1 metams po endopro­tezavimo operacijos.
SYNCHRONOUS DEVELOPMENT OF SCHWANNOMA AND PRIMARY ADENOCARCINOMA IN THE STOMACH: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Šlepavičius Algirdas , Gasilionis Valdas , Česas Alvydas
Published: January 2019

Schwannomas are generally benign, slow growing tumors, which can originate from any nerve that has a Schwann cells health. Stomach schwannomas are very rare gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor which represents only 0,2% of all gastric tumors. The simul­taneous occurrence of adenocarcinoma and schwan­noma is extremely rare in the stomach. Only two such cases has been previously reported. We present the case of 52-years-old female with asymptoma­tic schwannoma and simultaneous carcinoma of the stomach.
PEDIATRINĖ MELANOMA: ATVEJO APRAŠYMAS
Authors: Pikturnienė Rugilė , Česienė Jolanta , Česas Kristijonas
Published: January 2019

Pediatrinė melanoma – tai melanoma, išsivysčiusi iki 20 metų amžiaus. Tai yra retas susirgimas, sudarantis 1 – 4 % visų melanomos diagnozių [1,2]. Diagnozės nustatymas neretai sudėtingas, ypač vaikams prieš lytinę brandą. Tuo metu melanomos klinikinė raiška yra nespecifinė: nepigmentuotas ar nepiktybiškai at­rodantis darinys, kuris dėl pavėluotos ar neteisingos diagnozės nėra pradedamas gydyti laiku ar teisingai [3]. Pristatomas klinikinis atvejis: 10 metų berniu­kui diagnozuota melanoma. Navikas buvo pašalintas chirurginiu būdu. Šiuo metu pacientas stebimas dėl galimo ligos progresavimo.