bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FT538, iPSC‐derived NK cells, enhance AML cell killing when combined with chemotherapy
Authors: Eckstrom Amanda , Tyagi Anudishi , Mahmood Sajid , Wong Lilly , Valamehr Bahram , Rao Adishwar , Agrawal Akriti , Siddiqui Maryam , Battula V. Lokesh
Published: January 2025

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived natural killer (NK) cells offer an opportunity for a standardized, off‐the‐shelf treatment with the potential to treat a wider population of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients than the current standard of care. FT538 iPSC‐NKs express a high‐affinity, noncleavable CD16 to maximize antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, a CD38 knockout to improve metabolic fitness, and an IL‐15/IL‐15 receptor fusion preventing the need for cytokine administration, the main source of adverse effects in NK cell–based therapies. Here, we sought to evaluate the potential of FT538 iPSC‐NKs as a therapy for AML through their effect on AML cell lines and primary AML cells. We observed that FT538 iPSC‐NKs induce effector‐to‐target cell ratio dependent apoptosis in cell lines and primary AML cells, including cells from high‐risk patients. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that FT538 iPSC‐NKs induce AML cell death when combined with the AML therapies: cytarabine, venetoclax and gilteritinib. Moreover, cytarabine did not affect FT538 iPSC‐NK viability, suggesting that iPSC‐derived NK therapies and chemotherapy may be a promising treatment combination. This study provides the basis for further study of iPSC‐derived NK cell therapies as a treatment option for high‐risk AML patients, particularly those with disease resistant to standard therapies.
Association Between Serum Levels of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Dental Floss Use: The Double‐Edged Sword of Dental Floss Use—A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jiao Yan , Fu Zhuo , Ni Xiaofei
Published: January 2025

Background

Although evidence suggests that dental floss contains perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), it is still uncertain whether the use of dental floss contributes to an increased risk of PFAS exposure.

Methods

We analysed data on serum PFAS concentrations and dental floss usage in a cohort of 6750 adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2020. In our study, we used logistic regression, a survey‐weighted linear model, item response theory (IRT) scores, inverse probability weights (IPWs) and sensitivity analysis to assess the potential impact of dental floss usage on human serum PFAS levels.

Results

The analysis of six PFASs revealed that dental floss users had higher serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) compared with non‐users, while serum concentrations of other PFASs were lower. Dental floss users recorded a lower level of overall PFAS burden score compared with non‐users. Sensitivity analysis showed a statistically significant increase in serum PFOA concentration among dental floss users.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the use of dental floss may be associated differently with serum concentrations of specific PFASs. Among a large representative sample of U.S. adults, individuals reporting the use of dental floss had lower levels of serum PFASs overall, with the exception of PFOA, which was slightly elevated. Dental floss is an important oral hygiene tool, and further research is needed to clarify its role in PFAS exposure.
Unlocking Vision Care Accessibility: Evaluating Caregivers' Willingness to Pay in Specialised Eye Clinics for Family Members With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Hou Chiun‐Ho , Chou Yueh‐Ching , Pu Christy
Published: January 2025

Background

People with intellectual disabilities (IDs) require more vision care but encounter considerable challenges during eye examinations. Specialised clinics established specifically for people with IDs are generally limited. This study aims to evaluate primary family caregivers' willingness to pay (WTP) for specialised ophthalmology services designed for people with IDs.

Methods

Between 15 August and 5 October 2023, we conducted a face‐to‐face survey targeting primary family caregivers of people with IDs in two local authorities in Taiwan. We obtained a probability sample through stratified random sampling. A total of 657 family caregivers completed this survey, with a response rate of 82.6%. WTP was evaluated using a contingent valuation method in a hypothetical ophthalmology clinic conceptualised through a qualitative study. Two‐part models were estimated.

Results

The WTP for specialised ophthalmology services designed for people with IDs varied from NT$96.9 (US$3.2) to NT$217.7 (US$7.3) for the lowest‐income group (p < 0.001) and from NT$513.0 (US$17.1) to NT$648.6 (US$21.6) for the highest‐income group (p < 0.001). Factors such as family income, self‐reported financial satisfaction and concern for the ocular health of family members with IDs significantly influenced WTP.

Conclusions

Caregivers' WTP is low relative to the minimum operational costs of specialised ophthalmology clinics within the Taiwanese National Health Insurance scheme. This finding highlights the need for public funding to support such clinics and ensure that they can address the vision health disparity observed between people with and without IDs.
Compressive electron backscatter diffraction imaging
Authors: Broad Zoë , Robinson Alex W. , Wells Jack , Nicholls Daniel , Moshtaghpour Amirafshar , Kirkland Angus I. , Browning Nigel D.
Published: January 2025

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has developed over the last few decades into a valuable crystallographic characterisation method for a wide range of sample types. Despite these advances, issues such as the complexity of sample preparation, relatively slow acquisition, and damage in beam‐sensitive samples, still limit the quantity and quality of interpretable data that can be obtained. To mitigate these issues, here we propose a method based on the subsampling of probe positions and subsequent reconstruction of an incomplete data set. The missing probe locations (or pixels in the image) are recovered via an inpainting process using a dictionary‐learning based method called beta‐process factor analysis (BPFA). To investigate the robustness of both our inpainting method and Hough‐based indexing, we simulate subsampled and noisy EBSD data sets from a real fully sampled Ni‐superalloy data set for different subsampling ratios of probe positions using both Gaussian and Poisson noise models. We find that zero solution pixel detection (inpainting un‐indexed pixels) enables higher‐quality reconstructions to be obtained. Numerical tests confirm high‐quality reconstruction of band contrast and inverse pole figure maps from only 10% of the probe positions, with the potential to reduce this to 5% if only inverse pole figure maps are needed. These results show the potential application of this method in EBSD, allowing for faster analysis and extending the use of this technique to beam sensitive materials.
The Role of Exosomes in Medical Dermatology: Literature Review and Update
Authors: Dukharan Victoria , Shah Milaan , Broughton Luke , Stegura Carol , Samman Luna , Schur Nina , Schlesinger Todd
Published: January 2025

January 30, 2025: This article published prematurely in error. The article will republish shortly.
A Retrospective Review of Children Admitted With Acute Severe Asthma to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital Between 2009 and 2019
Authors: Salie Moegamad , Salie Shamiel
Published: January 2025

Aim

There is limited data on the PICU outcomes of children with acute severe asthma (ASA) in South Africa. This study aims to describe the profiles and treatment of all children admitted to our PICU with ASA.

Methods

A retrospective audit of all children admitted with ASA to the PICU at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital between 01 January 2009 and 31 December 2019.

Results

There were 14 592 PICU admissions over the 11‐year period, of which 180 admissions (1.2%) were for ASA. The median, interquartile range (IQR) age on admission was 67 (37–93) months. Almost all children received nebulisations, steroids and magnesium sulphate before PICU admission. Half of the patients were loaded with intravenous salbutamol (n = 96; 53.3%) and about a third (n = 61; 34%) received a salbutamol infusion before PICU admission. Similar proportions received nebulisations and steroids in PICU, 34 children (19%) received magnesium sulphate again in PICU and a total of 130 children (72.2%) received a salbutamol infusion. Most children received non‐invasive respiratory support (n = 167; 90.3%), and 18 children (9.7%) required mechanical ventilation for a median (IQR) of 3 (2–4) days. The median PICU stay was 1 (IQR 1–2) day and median hospital stay was 4 (IQR 3–6) days. No children died.

Conclusion

There has been an increasing number of children admitted to PICU with ASA over the 11‐year period. There has been increased use of HFNC and the duration of PICU support is short.
Clinical characteristics associated with cervical hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion in dogs
Authors: Lin Megan , Hong Christopher X. , Rishniw Mark , Davies Emma S. , Wood Jonathan H.
Published: January 2025

Background

Clinical characteristics of cervical hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion (HNPE) in dogs compared to other causes of cervical myelopathy are not well described.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To evaluate for clinical characteristics and mechanical ventilation likelihood associated with HNPE compared to other causes of cervical myelopathy.

Animals

Three hundred seventy‐seven client‐owned dogs from 2010 to 2022. Cases included 46 HNPE, 192 IVDE (intervertebral disc extrusion), 30 FCEM (fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy), 66 CSM (cervical spondylomyelopathy), and 43 neoplasia.

Methods

Retrospective study with record review and bivariate analyses. Dogs with signs of cervical myelopathy and an MRI diagnosis of HNPE, IVDE, FCEM, CSM, or neoplasia were included.

Results

When compared to dogs with other cervical myelopathies, dogs with HNPE were more likely to be older and of lower weight (median age 10 vs 8 years, P < .001; median weight 9.1 vs 20.2 kg, P < .001), be nonambulatory (89% vs 54%, P < .001), have signs of central cord syndrome (35% vs 16%, P = .002), and have nonlateralizing signs of myelopathy (65% vs 48%, P = .029). When compared to dogs with IVDE, dogs with HNPE were more likely to present with lower pain scores (30% vs 15% nonpainful, P = .002), and require mechanical ventilation (4/46 HNPE, 2/192 IVDE; odds ratio [OR] 9.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6‐51.0).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Compared to dogs with other cervical myelopathies, dogs with HNPE have differences in clinical characteristics, presentation and likelihood of requiring mechanical ventilation. These differences are important to consider for case management.
Effect of additional dimensions and views in the echocardiographic determination of 3‐dimensional left ventricular volume in myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs
Authors: Hsue Weihow , Pelzek Cortney E. , Siess Samantha , Terhaar Benjamin A. , Mintz Shana B. , Pariaut Romain
Published: January 2025

Background

Left ventricular (LV) volumes can be calculated from various linear, monoplane, and multiplane echocardiographic methods, and the same method can be applied to different imaging views. However, these methods and their variations have not been comprehensively evaluated against real‐time 3‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3D).

Hypothesis/Objectives

To identify the LV volumetric approaches that produce the least bias and the best agreement with RT3D, and to assess interoperator reproducibility between an experienced and an inexperienced operator.

Animals

Fifty‐nine client‐owned dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (38 Stage B1, 13 Stage B2, 8 Stages C/D) received echocardiograms, with a subset of 28 dogs (14 Stage B1, 10 Stage B2, 4 Stages C/D) imaged by 2 operators.

Methods

Prospective method comparison study. Body weight‐indexed end‐diastolic and end‐systolic LV volumes using linear methods in long‐ and short‐axis views (Teichholz, cube, modified cube), monoplane methods in right parasternal and left apical views (area‐length and Simpson's method of discs), biplane Simpson's method of discs, and real‐time triplane (RT3P) were compared against RT3D.

Results

The RT3P method exhibited no bias and demonstrated the highest agreement with RT3D. The linear methods showed significant bias and lower agreements for end‐diastolic volumes, end‐systolic volumes, or both. Volumes derived from different imaging views using the same method showed poor agreement. Both RT3P and RT3D methods demonstrated poor interoperator reproducibility.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Incorporating additional dimensions improves bias and agreement in LV volume quantification, but comprehensive clinical experience with RT3P and RT3D is needed to improve consistency across all operators.
Prediction of coastal barren plant species richness and functional diversity by environmental variability across scales
Authors: Clarke Madeline , Heim Amy , Lundholm Jeremy
Published: January 2025

Questions

The relationships between environmental heterogeneity and plant diversity may be negative or neutral at fine spatial scales but positive across broader areas. How do the relationships between spatial environmental variability and mean environmental conditions, plant species richness and functional diversity change across spatial scales?

Location

Coastal barrens landscape in Nova Scotia, eastern Canada.

Methods

We sampled plant species composition and environmental variables in nested areas at three scales: 0.25 m2, 1 m2 and 50 m2. At each scale, subsamples of environmental variables (including elevation, soil moisture and depth) were used to calculate average and standard deviation; plant species richness was also determined for each sample. Plant traits at the species level were used to calculate functional dispersion for each of five traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness, plant height and canopy width) and a combined index of total functional dispersion. Functional dispersion and species richness were predicted at each scale by environmental variables using linear mixed models.

Results

Environmental heterogeneity had low predictive power for plant diversity at the 0.25‐m2 scale but was unimodally related to species richness and functional‐diversity variables at the 1‐m2 scale. The shape of the unimodal relationships suggested a leveling off of diversity at higher levels of environmental variability rather than a decline in diversity (monotonic or asymptotic). There was a strong positive relationship between elevation (topographic) variability and species richness at the 50‐m2 scale. Functional dispersion was most strongly related to environmental variables at the 1‐m2 scale.

Conclusions

Positive or non‐linear asymptotic relationships between environmental heterogeneity, richness and functional diversity at the 1‐m2 scale provide some support for niche‐based explanations of species coexistence in plant neighborhoods. At broader sampling extents, greater topographic heterogeneity may allow distinct plant communities to co‐occur within a sample, increasing richness but not functional diversity because functional diversity in leaf and canopy traits are already high within each plant community.
Incidental Nonspeech Auditory Learning Scaffolds Phonetic, Category, and Word Learning in a Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Wiener Seth , Murphy Timothy K. , Holt Lori L.
Published: January 2025

There is considerable lab‐based evidence for successful incidental learning, in which a learner's attention is directed away from the to‐be‐learned stimulus and towards another stimulus. In this study, we extend incidental learning research into the language learning classroom. Three groups of adult second language (L2) learners (N = 52) engaged in structured classroom Mandarin learning took part in an 8‐week study. One group served as a classroom‐only control group. The second group underwent additional intentional auditory training involving Mandarin speech and explicit feedback. The third group underwent additional incidental learning combined with nonspeech “perceptual building block” categories—categories that share critical perceptual dimensions with target L2 speech categories but that are not perceived as speech. We demonstrate that when supplemented with structured classroom learning, incidental learning involving nonspeech analogs promotes phonetic, category, and word learning equivalent to learning from more traditional intentional auditory training.
Papain‐Like Cysteine Proteases Contribute to Functional Cleavage of Begomoviral V2 Effector Required for Relevant Virulences
Authors: Zhang Jie , Shang Pengxiang , Yuan Linkai , Li Dingshan , Liu Shunmin , Du Zhenguo , Zhuang Jun , Wu Zujian
Published: January 2025

The begomoviral V2 protein is known to be multifunctional, including its interaction with and inhibition of CYP1, a papain‐like cysteine protease (PLCP). However, the effect of this interaction on viral pathogenicity remains unclear. Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV), a typical monopartite begomovirus associated with a betasatellite, is one of the main pathogens responsible for cotton leaf curl disease. This study verifies the interaction between CLCuMuV V2 and NbCP15, a PLCP homologue in Nicotiana benthamiana. The results show that V2 can be cleaved by NbCP15 in vitro, with the N‐terminal cleavage site located between the second and third amino acids. Using an Agrobacterium‐mediated inoculation method, we investigated the influence of cleavage sites on viral pathogenicity. The findings indicate that mutation of the third amino acid in V2 (V2D3A) reduced the pathogenicity of both heterologous PVX and CLCuMuV. Additionally, the NbCP15 gene mutation in N. benthamiana (nbcp15) also resulted in reduced CLCuMuV pathogenicity. These results suggest that CLCuMuV V2 may promote viral infection through its interaction with plant PLCPs.
A Challenging Case of IgG4‐Related Kidney Disease Accompanied With Positive Serologic Tests of Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Jeerangsapasuk Wankawee , Charoenpitakchai Mongkon , Sornwiboonsak Pakpiengpen , Chatkrailert Aphichat
Published: January 2025

The case report presents a male patient in his mid‐60s with a history of hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic kidney disease (CKD). He presented with gradually increasing serum creatinine levels and hyperglobulinemia, leading to suspicion of multiple myeloma. However, subsequent testing revealed features consistent with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and IgG4‐related kidney disease (IgG4‐RKD). The patient's laboratory results included anaemia, positive ANA and anti‐dsDNA and elevated serum IgG4 levels. A kidney biopsy showed extensive interstitial fibrosis, plasma cell infiltration and a high number of IgG4‐positive plasma cells, suggesting the diagnosis of IgG4‐RKD overlapping with SLE. Treatment involved prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil for IgG4‐RKD and hydroxychloroquine for SLE. The patient's case highlights the challenges in diagnosing overlapping IgG4‐RKD and SLE. The current criteria for diagnosing these diseases may be complicated by atypical presentations, leading to potential diagnostic confusion. This report underscores the importance of histopathological confirmation and comprehensive diagnostic criteria to differentiate between overlapping autoimmune conditions. Immunosuppressive therapy remains the cornerstone for managing both IgG4‐related disease and SLE, with treatment tailored based on disease severity and organ involvement. The patient's response to treatment and follow‐up monitoring are crucial for assessing outcomes and adjusting management to minimise disease relapse and therapy‐related complications.
Exploring Health Sciences Students' Perspectives on Using Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fawaz Mirna , El‐Malti Wassim , Alreshidi Salman M. , Kavuran Esin
Published: January 2025

The widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in academic settings has the potential to revolutionize learning experiences, enhance educational outcomes, and streamline academic processes. The aim of this research was to explore the perceptions of Lebanese health sciences students regarding the use of generative AI in higher education. A qualitative descriptive research design informed by descriptive phenomenology was employed. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out among 23 health sciences students at one major private university in Beirut. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted over the period of 3 months. The inductive thematic analysis generated two themes, and eight subthemes highlighting the benefits and concerns in using AI; customized, self‐paced, and autonomous learning, improved language and writing skills, development of innovative concepts, enhanced efficiency, accuracy of information, overreliance on AI, equitable access, unclear policies. Results from this study emphasized the importance of combined efforts across sectors to close access gaps, encourage inclusiveness, and develop well framed policies that enable students to utilize these new technologies for their maximum benefits.
Flexible or fortified? How lichens balance defence strategies across climatic harshness gradients
Authors: de Jonge Inger K. , Convey Peter , Klarenberg Ingeborg J. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Bokhorst Stef
Published: January 2025

Lichens play important roles in habitat formation and community succession in polar and alpine ecosystems. Despite their significance, the ecological effects of lichen traits remain poorly researched. We propose a trait trade‐off for managing light exposure based on climatic harshness. In the harshest cold environments, where abiotic stress predominates over biotic pressures, lichens should rely on photostable, recalcitrant and immobile substances such as allomelanin and hydrophobic compounds. These compounds provide durable protection without the need for continual synthesis. In milder conditions where biotic interactions – e.g. competition and pathogen presence – become increasingly pronounced, lichens should retain flexibility and produce simple protective secondary compounds that, in addition to functioning as light screens, can leach out to influence their direct environment. Preliminary empirical findings for Antarctic lichen species distribution are consistent with this hypothesised trade‐off, in that lichens producing soluble compounds dominate in milder regions and are less represented at higher southern latitudes, where species producing insoluble compounds with a melanised thallus dominate. As climate change progresses, increasing temperatures and precipitation could make the currently coldest and driest areas more hospitable, allowing the ranges of lichens producing soluble compounds to expand, with cascading effects on rock weathering, nutrient cycling and other ecosystem processes.
Integrative molecular and physiological insights into the phytotoxic impact of liquid crystal monomer exposure and the protective strategy in plants
Authors: Jiang Dong , Yang Guoqun , Huang Li‐Jun , Peng Xia , Cui Chuantong , Kuzyakov Yakov , Li Ning
Published: January 2025

Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs), the integral components in the manufacture of digital displays, have engendered environmental concerns due to extensive utilization and intensive emission. Despite their prevalence and ecotoxicity, the LCM impacts on plant growth and agricultural yield remain inadequately understood. In this study, we investigated the specific response mechanisms of tobacco, a pivotal agricultural crop and model plant, to four representative LCMs (2OdF3B, 5CB, 4PiMeOP, 2BzoCP) through integrative molecular and physiological approaches. The findings reveal specific impacts, with 4PiMeOP exerting the most pronounced effects, followed by 2BzoCP, 5CB, and 2OdF3B. LCM exposure disrupts the photosynthetic apparatus, exacerbating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in leaves, which in turn triggers the upregulation of antioxidative enzymes and the synthesis of antioxidant substances. Additionally, LCMs strongly stimulate the expression of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signalling pathways. The AI‐assisted meta‐analysis implicates ABA as a critical regulator in the tobacco response to LCMs. Notably, exogenous application of ABA alleviates LCM‐induced toxicities, highlighting the pivotal role of ABA in stress amelioration. Our study provides novel insights into the toxicity and tolerance mechanisms of LCMs in plants, shedding light on both their harmful effects on the ecosystems and potential adaptation responses. This is crucial to develop sustainable agricultural systems by reducing the negative environmental impacts caused by emerging organic pollutants.
Spatial Price Integration and Spillover Linkages Between Regional Grain Markets in Nigeria
Authors: Kassouri Yacouba , Fofana N' Zué Felix
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to characterize the spatial set‐up of Nigeria's grain market integration from January 2002 to December 2013 across 19 Nigerian regions. Using market price data of maize, sorghum, and millet, two hypotheses are tested: (i) the law of one price across market pairs, and (ii) the leader market hypothesis in any network of market pairs. The results suggest that integration fails to hold in many cases for over 60% of market pairs, while perfect integration is found to be considerably stronger for organized local markets such as Abuja and Lagos than for remote markets. There is evidence that Northeastern markets subject to the Boko Haram insurgency are weakly integrated with the other markets. Only three Northwest rural markets exhibit leading status in volatility prediction in different markets. The findings suggest that maize and millet markets located in Abuja and Lagos are the net receivers of price volatilities, and they are more exposed to price shocks originating from other markets. The pricing policy should mainly concentrate on leading markets as it will be efficiently transmitted to the followers.
Structuring wicked problems in science communication
Authors: Kirschke Sabrina , Kosow Hannah
Published: January 2025

Public policy scholars increasingly deal with wicked problems and how diverse actors structure these problems in policy processes. However, the role of actors at the interface of science and society such as science communicators in structuring wicked problems remains widely unclear. This paper analyzes how science communicators translate wicked problems in their science communication activities focusing on two research questions: How do science communicators understand the problem territories they are dealing with in terms of their wickedness? And to what degree do science communicators aim to tame or communicate wickedness to the public? To answer these two questions, 20 science communication projects implemented within the German Science Year 2022 “Participate” were analyzed. Data were collected through 20 online interviews with science communicators, including both open and closed questions. Results reveal that the wickedness of public policy problems only partly translates into science communication practice: Science communicators understand problems rather broadly, crystallizing in a rather medium degree of wickedness. At the same time, science communicators tend to tame wicked problems by addressing specific facets of problems rather than translating the overall wickedness they perceive. Results add to research about the role of different actors in structuring wicked public policy problems and the role of intermediary actors in these processes, in particular.
Confronting policy myopia: Short‐term government policy and information seeking behaviors in rural Thailand
Authors: Setthasuravich Prasongchai , Kato Hironori
Published: January 2025

Short‐term policy (STP) has attracted considerable attention as a form of time‐related public policy and is typically used to solve urgent problems. The objective of this study, which considers STP as policy myopia from an information science perspective, is to discuss the challenges encountered during the STP policymaking process and their impact on the effectiveness of information dissemination to the public, and the barriers to information seeking behavior (ISB) among rural residents during STP implementation, alongside their methods of seeking STP information. This study uses the first car buyer policy (FCBP) in Thailand as a case study. Semistructured interviews were conducted with five government officials and 39 rural residents in December 2019. A qualitative analysis, facilitated by ATLAS.ti software, involved an iterative coding process to develop thematic categories that emerged directly from the data, ensuring a grounded understanding of ISB and policy dissemination challenges. The findings of this study show that the dissemination of government information and its consequences are the main issues in the STP process. They also reveal that the ISB of rural residents is related to limited time resources, concerns about government policy, and substandard Internet access as obstacles or intervening factors. Based on these findings, this study provides theoretical and policy implications that can enrich STP and ISB in developing countries. From a theoretical standpoint, it introduces a novel conceptual framework that integrates policy myopia within the information behavior model, highlighting how STP influences ISB, particularly in rural areas. Additionally, this study provides practical insights for policymakers by identifying key barriers to information access and offering strategies to enhance communication effectiveness. The insights gained from this study can inform future policy design, showing that governments should enhance information dissemination, adapt communication channels to audience needs, tailor information to local contexts, and support active ISB among rural residents through targeted awareness campaigns and infrastructure improvements.
Segmental Megaesophagus Secondary to Extraluminal Esophageal Stenosis Caused by Transitional Seventh Cervical Vertebra and Supernumerary Ribs in a Goat
Authors: Means Kari L. , Zukeran‐Kerr Kekauilani , Le Kayla , Yap Seng Wai , Brown Kelsey , Clarke Lorelei
Published: January 2025

A 4‐year‐old Nigerian Dwarf wether presented for chronic regurgitation and cervical swelling of three years duration. Physical examination revealed a large ventral cervical mass. The goat made repeated attempts to swallow and regurgitate, but the mass did not change significantly in size. Cervical radiographs revealed segmental esophageal dilation to the level of the thoracic inlet. CT revealed a transitional seventh cervical vertebra with fused right and left ribs, resulting in extramural esophageal compression and obstruction at the level of the thoracic inlet. This is the first report of a cervical rib causing megaesophagus in a goat.
A step-by-step technical report on the novel 'PREMADE Protocol' for fabricating acrylic provisional prostheses for all-on-4 treatment concept
Authors: Pitino Alberto , Gianfreda Francesco , Dolci Alessandro , Fossati Edoardo , Voghera Gloria , Bollero Patrizio , Gargari Marco , Karimi Dora , Martelli Mirko
Published: January 2025

Background: This technical report describes how to use a prosthetic protocol with a standardized immediate and fixed prosthesis that is the same for all patients. The prosthesis called “PREMADE” is adapted to various arch sizes (narrow, regular, and wide, with uniform teeth in all cases). This aim is to obviate the need for all laboratory procedures following the positioning of the implant.
Case Presentation: This report details the application of the PREMADE protocol in a clinical setting. It illustrates its use in a patient requiring immediate dental implant loading, highlighting the protocol’s step-by-step technical nuances. The case underscores the protocol’s efficiency in reducing laboratory phases and chair time, facilitated by its innovative approach of utilizing a standardized prefabricated arch adaptable to various jaw sizes. The procedure’s success is evident in the minimized patient discomfort and improved osseointegration, attributed to the protocol’s stability and micromotion control.
Conclusions: The PREMADE protocol signifies a transformative advancement in immediate dental implant loading, enhancing procedural efficiency and patient outcomes. Its application demonstrates the potential to reduce procedural complexity and time, thereby improving the patient experience. However, further research is required to establish its universal applicability and to compare it with other immediate loading protocols. The future integration of this protocol in all-on-4 rehabilitation could revolutionize the prosthetic phase, making advanced dental treatments more accessible.
The use of ozone therapy for the treatment and post-surgical management of patients treated with bilateral extraction of the included third mandibular molars
Authors: Memè Lucia , Pizzolante Tommaso , Saggiomo Anna Pia , Plaku Dervish , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Inchingolo Francesco , Rastelli Sofia
Published: January 2025

The use of ozone in medicine and dentistry is well-supported in the scientific literature, particularly for its antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-edema effects. These benefits are achieved through reductions in pro-inflammatory substances, stimulation of neoangiogenesis, and enhanced production of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, ozone is pain-relieving by inactivating algogenic mediators and inducing endorphin release. Although ozone application devices are standard in conventional medicine, they are less so in dentistry and often have reduced performance. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific ozone therapy device in managing postoperative pain and promoting healing in patients undergoing impacted third-molar extractions. Materials and methods: Patients scheduled for the extraction of impacted third molars were enrolled in a randomized split-mouth study to receive either ozone therapy or conventional antibiotic treatment. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessed pain intensity and healing progress. Results: Patients treated with ozone therapy reported significantly lower pain levels and demonstrated qualitatively improved healing compared to the control group, with statistical significance. Conclusions: The study supports the use of ozone therapy in routine dental surgical practice, highlighting its favorable cost/benefit profile. Ozone therapy can be beneficial for impacted third-molar surgeries and broader applications in oral surgery.
Keywords: Ozone therapy in dentistry, OZONE DTA equipment, Third molar
extraction and soft tissue healing.
Minimal invasive sinus elevation (MISE), a different approach for maxillary sinus lift surgery
Authors: Pizzolante Tommaso , Saggiomo Anna Pia , Principi Martina , Jorida Jubani , Mema Mattia , Jolla Ervis , Rastelli Sofia
Published: January 2025

Aim: The maxillary sinus lift is a crucial surgical procedure performed to increase the vertical height of the remaining bone, often required before implant placement.
Several techniques are used to approach the maxillary sinus, with varying results.
Among them, it is possible to mention the minimal invasive sinus elevation (MISE)
technique.
Methods: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the MISE technique, its materials, and surgical methods. It analyzes the outcomes compared to conventional methods and discusses its applicability in different clinical scenarios.
Results: The MISE technique has proven effective in increasing bone height with a lower risk of membrane perforation compared to traditional methods. It offers high implant success rates and minimal post-operative complications, with strong patient outcomes regarding bone regeneration and implant stability. This section will analyze these results with both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.
Conclusions: The MISE technique notably improves sinus lift procedures, providing a minimally invasive method with reliable clinical results. Its predictability and lower risk of membrane perforation make it well-suited for implant surgeries involving sinus elevation. Future studies should explore long-term results and refine the technique for broader clinical use.
Using easy read formats in geography
Authors: Jones Daniel
Published: January 2025

This Leaflet is in Easy Read.
Fostering the Physical-Literacy Development of Individuals Experiencing Disability Through the Use of PLayTubs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Stacey Kiana , Gosse Nicholas , Pushkarenko Kyle
Published: January 2025

Physical literacy (PL) is increasingly being implemented as a means for holistic development for children and youth. Despite this, children experiencing disabilities and their families continue to face barriers that impede participation in physical activities and subsequent PL development. To empower families to actively engage in their PL development, this study sought to provide an accessible, home- and play-based, parent-facilitated intervention, namely, PLayTubs. The purpose was to explore parents’ subjective understanding, involvement, and attitudes toward facilitating physical activity opportunities contributing to PL development through this intervention. Four parents with a child (<12 years old) diagnosed with a developmental impairment participated in a 10-week PLayTub experience. Data were collected via semistructured interviews with parents and their children. Making use of an interpretive description methodology and an ecological-dynamics conceptual framework, this study resulted in three themes: (a) a catalyst for autonomy, (b) more than just movement, and (c) an accessible alternative. Parents found that PLayTubs fostered autonomous participation and individual agency, enhanced connections and togetherness, and allowed for the creation of meaningful experiences with physical activity. These positive insights demonstrate the benefit of home-based interventions for this population and highlight the need for larger studies in the future.
Peak Weight Acceptance, Mid Stance Trough, and Peak Push-Off Force Symmetry Are Decreased in Older Adults Compared With Young Adults
Authors: Libera Theresa L. , Streamer Jill , Queen Robin M.
Published: January 2025

Gait abnormalities affect an individual’s ability to navigate the world independently and occur in 10% of older adults. Examining age-related gait symmetry in nonlaboratory environments is necessary for understanding mobility limitations in older adults. This study examined gait symmetry differences between older and younger adults using in-shoe force sensors. Walking trials were performed at a preferred speed. This is a secondary analysis of data from different studies in which young adults completed 7 trials and older adults completed 3 trials to decrease the impact of fatigue on outcomes in the clinical trial. Peak weight acceptance, mid stance trough, peak push-off, stance time, and impulse were collected during each step within a trial. Symmetry was determined using the absolute symmetry index. A linear mixed effects model showed a significant difference in peak weight acceptance force (P = .039), mid stance trough (P < .001), and peak push-off (P = .007) symmetry between groups. These results indicate that older adults have lower symmetry in peak weight acceptance, mid stance trough, and peak push-off during gait compared with young adults. Understanding how natural loading patterns change throughout life could improve our understanding of how load and load symmetry relate to mobility impairments in older adults.
Immediate and Short-Term Effect of Scapula Retraction Exercises on Subacromial Space: Do We Have Enough Evidence in Patients With Subacromial Pain?
Authors: Eraslan Leyla , Yar Ozan , Huri Gazi , Duzgun Irem
Published: January 2025

Context: Limited information exists regarding the immediate and short-term effects of scapula retraction exercises (SREs) on acromiohumeral distance (AHD) in subacromial pain syndrome (SPS). This study’s 2 main objectives were to investigate (1) the immediate effect of the SRE on AHD at varying shoulder abduction angles in patients with SPS and healthy controls and (2) the effect of the 8-week SRE program on AHD in patients with SPS. Design: Cross-sectional and pre–post intervention designs were utilized on this study. Methods: Twenty-one patients with SPS and age-matched healthy controls were included. First, AHD at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° of active shoulder abductions were recorded during (1) resting upper quadrant posture and (2) while participants were performing SREs. Patients then underwent an 8-week progressive SRE program. AHD measures, pain intensity (visual analog scale), and disability (Shoulder Pain and Disability Index) were recorded at baseline and 8 weeks. AHD were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. Pain and disability were analyzed using paired samples t test. Results: The immediate effect of the SREs revealed a significant angle-by-exercise-by-group interaction for the AHD values (F3,155 = 3.956, P = .009, ). Pairwise comparisons yielded that the SRE increased AHD values in patients with SPS (P < .05), yet it did not affect healthy controls (P > .05). Besides, the SRE program revealed a significant angle-by-time interaction for the AHD values (F3,054 = 9.476, P < .001, ). AHD increased at all elevation angles, and pain and disability improved over time (P < .05). Conclusion: SREs immediately affect AHD in patients with SPS but not in healthy populations. Moreover, SREs applied in progressive abduction angles improve pain, functionality, and AHD values in patients with SPS.
Pulmonary aspiration after activated charcoal in unintentional acute poisonings in childhood
Authors: Ramirez-Romero Johanna , Cifuentes Zamalloa Claudia , Elorza Elena Amaia , Azkunaga Beatriz , Mintegi Santiago
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Although the administration of activated charcoal (AC) is considered safe, the associated risk of pulmonary aspiration explains certain reluctance of physicians to use this procedure. The objective of this study was to analyse the rate of pulmonary aspiration in children receiving AC after accidental ingestion of a toxic substance.

Methods

We carried out a substudy of a multicentre prospective registry-based cohort study including children presenting with acute poisoning to 58 paediatric emergency department (EDs) members of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine between 2008 and 2022 on certain previously designated days.

Results

During the study period, we registered 1983 episodes corresponding to accidental ingestion of a toxic substance in patients less than 7 years old. Of them, 517 (26.1%) received AC, 167 (32.3%) via a nasogastric tube. In most cases, the substance swallowed was a medication (paracetamol, psychotropics, and cough and cold medications accounting for 91.6% of episodes) and 419 children (81%) were asymptomatic on arrival to the ED. Gastric lavage was performed in 81 cases (15.7%). After receiving AC, 448 children (86.6%) were managed as outpatients (329 after a less than 24-hour stay in the ED observation unit).

All patients did well, and no cases of pulmonary aspiration were reported, regardless of the route of AC administration.

Conclusions

The administration of AC to children after accidental ingestion of a toxic substance seems to be safe, regardless of the route of administration. Efforts are required to improve the ED management of these children.
Combinations of substances contributing to death among overdose decedents in Maryland (2020–2021)
Authors: Tomko Catherine , Park Ju Nyeong , Amin-Esmaeili Masoumeh , Schneider Kristin , Susukida Ryoko , Byregowda Himani , Parnham Taylor , Johnson Renee M
Published: January 2025

Background

In 2020, Maryland had the fourth-highest opioid overdose mortality rate in the USA. We describe substances identified in postmortem toxicology screening and designated as cause of death (COD) for overdose decedents in Maryland, including specific combinations of substances designated as COD.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of N=5442 adult overdose decedents (ie, manner of death unintentional or undetermined) in Maryland between January 2020 and December 2021. Overdose mortality data from the State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System. Substances were categorised into five major categories: opioids, alcohol, psychostimulants, sedative-hypnotics and psychotropic drugs. Opioids were further divided into prescription opioids (eg, oxycodone, methadone, tramadol) and illicit opioids (eg, illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF), heroin).

Results

Opioids were present in 93% of cases and designated as COD for 92%. IMF was the predominant opioid designated as COD (82% of cases), whereas heroin was COD in only 3%. Psychostimulants, predominantly cocaine, were present in 48% of cases and designated as COD in 41%. Opioids alone were COD in 39% of cases, opioids and psychostimulants in combination were COD for 27%, followed by opioids and alcohol (9%), opioids, alcohol and psychostimulants (6%), and opioids and sedative-hypnotics (4%).

Conclusions

IMF is, by far, the leading cause of overdose in Maryland. For more than one-quarter of decedents, opioids and psychostimulants in combination were COD. Specific drug combinations have implications for public health surveillance and harm reduction efforts to keep people who use drugs safer from a volatile drug market and potential fatal overdose.
Late-onset diseases and patient education: additional considerations for polygenic risk score regulation
Authors: Midler Alexandra
Published: January 2025

In a recent article, Haininget aloutline several ethical and regulatory considerations for polygenic risk scores (PRSs), which may expand current embryonic screening to include polygenic diseases and non-disease traits. I argue in this response that the authors overlook a few crucial issues that nations should address. For adult-onset diseases, regulations must not only account for predictive accuracy of PRSs but also establish the precise circumstances that warrant testing—such as a disease’s severity and the average age at which symptoms manifest. I later stress the need for more consideration of how to educate patients on manageable diseases that their embryos are at risk of later developing. Required information must correct social biases without compromising genetic counsellors’ impartiality. Drawing on global approaches to other embryonic genetic tests, I advocate for frameworks that protect patients’ autonomy while addressing the unique uncertainties posed by PRSs.