bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pectus excavactum-insights into its diagnosis and the current treatment options along with its clinical outcomes: two case reports
Authors: Iroegbu Chukwuemeka D. , Zhongxi Zhou , Sheng Tan , Jiang B. O. , Jingsong Liu
Published: January 2018

Pectus excavatum (PE) is a congenital sternal depression, one of the most frequent major congenital malformations of the chest wall. Generally, the malformation is not associated with functional disorders and often constitutes an aesthetic alteration with significant psychological distress. Nevertheless, the surgical repair of PE in childhood has been a well-established procedure with modified Ravitch repair (MRR) and minimally invasive repair (MIR) by Nuss been the two most popular methods of corrections. As a means of concealing the ugly skin scars caused by the MRR technique, the procedure was however highly modified with the use of bilateral inframammarian separated skin incisions. However, MIR has been a preferable technique due to its shorter operative time and minimal blood loss, but its postoperative complications have so far seemed to be its limiting factor whereas, extensive and combined deformities of the ventral chest wall are classically corrected using either MIR by Nuss and the MRR technique. Notwithstanding, Conservative treatment using alloplastic implants or vacuum bell to elevate the sternum in patients with mild PE defect is becoming a potential alternative and a means of preventing unnecessary surgical procedures mostly in mild funnel chest. Presented here is a case of PE surgical correction in a 12-year-old boy and an 11-year-old girl with pectus bar dislodgment. This article analyses the chain of events between both patients, reviews the literature on the subject and other currently available treatment options.
Kloning di mata moral agama: Kajian kritis atas hokum islam
Authors: Ni’am Syamsun
Published: January 2018

Cloning is a new phenomenon. As a new phenomenon, it always causes controversy. The controversy does not only occur amang moralists (either islam, jewish, Christianity, or other religion in the world). For scientists, the success of clonig is the achievement of scientific development. While for moralists and religionists and religionists, the success of cloning is a dangerous phenomenon for people in the future thus, moral principles, humanity, honesty, and course, religious law and social ethics must constantly bicom basic consideration in responding cloning phenomenon, in order not to neglect the god’s will.
Membumikan Hukum Langit: Mencari Bentuk Hukum Negara Yang Ideal
Authors: Winarno Winarno
Published: January 2018

-
Mengukur Kuasa Fikih dan Teologi Atas Pemikiran: Studi Kasus Fatwa Pengharaman Liberalism, Sekularisme, dan Pluralisme
Authors: Sua’idi Agus Ahmad
Published: January 2018

Islamic law (fiqh) can penalize every actual deviance done by people in is sovereignty. The deviance in this case is a concept about the action that breaks existing laws accepted widely by a Muslim community. But Islamic law can do that only if the certain action evenly influents to others. Thinking is cerebral and mental doings not practice and sometime it cannot be stopped as long as the fascinating answer and not yet been gained. But undoubtedly, a though as fruit of thinking especially of well-know individuals, has bigger, wider, and more influence to others than an action has. If the impact is considered as bad due to public or religious authority, the thought and its thinker occasionally will be punished in many ways, Is it proper when a certain authority monitors, examines, and judges the thoughts spreading and if necessary punishes the thinkers when deemed ‘’dangerous’’? Should such thought be classified haram or heretic? How much power does Islamic law truly has? These are many questions need to be responded that we know our right to free thinking and understand when we ought to restrict it.
Zakat Fitrah dan Tradisi Lebaran Idul Fitri Muslim Bugis Bone Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Sarjan A.
Published: January 2018

Zakat al-fitr (charity given at the end of the fasting in the Islamic holy month Ramadan) is one of the (of Islam) which must be fulfilled by Muslim. Although this commandment has been …
Maqasid al-shariah: suatu kajian terhadap ijtihad Ali ibn Abi Thalib
Authors: Eficandra Eficandra
Published: January 2018

Ijtihad conducted by Ali ibn Abi Talib continuously to understand in depth the purpose of Islamic law and reason for its implementation, and to realize maslahah (the public good) for human life on earth. This Ijtihad was always supported by nas the Qur’an’s and Sunnah’s text) and also according to the spirit of Shari’ah. The results of Ali’s ijtihad if linked with the approach and application of maqasid al-shari’ah (the goals and objectives of Islamic law) as the study of usul al-fikih (the methodology of Islamic law) had many similarities. In another sense, Ali ibn Abi Talib was really smart to understand and apply maqasid al-shari’ah in the five types of maslahah, namely faith or religion, life or human self, intellect, lineage or posterity, and property or wealth. Likewise, in the application of the five maslahah, levels and priorities in the form daruriyyat (the essential benefits), hajiyyat (the complementary benefits), and tahsiniyyat (the embellishment benefits) was always be considered by him. On the other hand, if there was a clash between one maslahah with another maslahah, Ali ibn Abi Talib solved it by consideration of the level and priority in the implementation of mas}lah}ah to be realized.
Gerakan penegakan syariah: studi gerakan sosial Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia di DIY
Authors: Muhsin Illya
Published: January 2018

After the new order (ORBA) has collapsed, HTI is the most solid and has the widest network among the other new Islamic movements that always struggle to implement the Sharia. Furthermore, HTI is the most radical movement because HTI does not only have aims to implement the Sharia but to build Islamic caliphate as well. How the Sharia concept in caliphate frame and the HTI effort in realizing the aims is the focus of this qualitative research. To answer this question, the researcher interviews some HTI activists and attends in some HTI activities in Yogyakarta. According to HTI, the Sharia encompasses every life aspect; such as worship, ethic, food, drink, dress or mu’amalah (government, economy, education, justness. Etc). The Sharia can only be applied perfectly (kaffah) in the Islamic caliphate system. The efforts of HTI in implementing the Sharia in the system of caliphate country are explained by using the Doug Macadam’s theories of social movement; those are 1) political opportunities 2) mobilizing structures; either internal, by tathqif, or external, by tathqif jama’i and talab al-nusrah, 3) framing process by sira’ al-fikri, kifah siyasi and tabanni masalih al-‘ummah. Refering to the social movement, HTI is a revolutionary movement which aims to replace the old social order at all by a new system. This movement tries to save and free the ummah from the broken and kufr system along with social critics to some social troubles which create crisis in life. Therefore, HTI will grow widely in social order which is full of poverty, injustice, corruption and all arbitrariness. Otherwise, HTI will be difficult to be big movement in the prosperous and just countries.
Persoalan riba dalam aktifitas pelepas modal: tinjauan humanisme dan moralitas agama
Authors: Zulfa M
Published: January 2018

This article presents a preliminary study on cases of interests added loans between the creditors and small scale merchants. The cases are seen through the textual perspective as the interests embedded transactions (riba). Thus, textually, these kinds of transactions are said to have violated or at least ignored the religious law (fiqh). But in reality, these practices exist and continuous to exist. Hence, there is a thought whether the interconnected and interdisciplinary approach aimed at promoting the spirit of humanity and religious morality can accommodate these practices. This is due to the argument that the religious teaching based merely on texts may provoke exclusivist attitudes that will be less conducive for today’s cultural and religious globalization era. However, the contextual approach neglecting the textual norms as guidance and directions for everyday’s lives will trap someone into the nihilistic attitudes. One of the characteristics of the philosophical approach -in the era of post-existentialism- toward multi faces of Islam is the pattern of the study which does not merely refer to texts of the holy Book and the Prophet’s traditions literally, out of contexts.
Tinjauan fikih dan astronomis penyatuan matla’: menelusuri pemikiran M.S. Odeh tentang ragam penyatuan matla’
Authors: Nashiruddin Muh
Published: January 2018

The basis of calendar unification or matla constitutes one of the most significant issues relating to the unification effort of Hijra calendar. The popular basis of unification, so far, is based on the union of regional and global matla‘. The division of matla‘ to regional and global mat}la‘ is now no longer accurate because it can not accommodate the Hijra calendar pooling ideas in the Islamic world. This paper discusses one of the leading International astronomy thought, Mohammad Shawkat Odeh on varieties of mat}la‘ unification. He divided the principle of matla unification in to five forms: unification of global mat}la‘ (one matla’ for the whole world); the unity of matla‘ in the regions corresponding visibility of hilal; the unity of mat}la‘ in a similar area of visibility of hilal; the unity of zonal/partial matla‘; and the unity of local matla‘. Odeh’s thought on the various divisions of matla constitutes new thinking on the concept mat}la‘ astronomical calculations. He also has presented more detailed thoughts on the division of mat}la‘ rather than the others.
Menggugah peran hukum humaniter internasional Islam dalam mengurai konflik etnis perspektif sejarah
Authors: Rosyid Moh
Published: January 2018

The defamation of minority ethnics and groups by the authority and the majority has been exposed by the media throughout history. This condition is contrary to the Islamic concept of rahmatan lil’alamin. The concept will not be materialized if the expert of humanitarian law does not involve in the formulation of Islamic humanitarian law. This topic is proposed by the author to persuade the expert of Islamic law to be more active in exploring the concept of prosperous life according to Islam. The author does not explore the topic from legal point of view but rather from historical point of view that crime and genocide has colored global life. If this condition is not addressed immediately and appropriately, we should concern that misguidance will be always characterized our life. Persuading humanitarian law expert is a scientist contribution to create a prosperous life and prevent a conflict. International humanitarian law is a part of international law consisting of diplomatic law, maritime law, law of international treaty, and space law. Due to its significance, it necessitates Islam to coloring humanitarian law. Islam may contribute to humanitarian law through the expert of Islamic law. Islam may be used as a frame of humanitarian law because it establishes a world full of compassion without any form of discrimination.
Penjualan on-line berbasis media sosial dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam
Authors: Al-Arif M. Nur Riyanto
Published: January 2018

Contemporary transactions along with the development of existing technologies have given rise to other forms of trading i.e. on-line trading. This paper aims to look at how the Islamic economic perspectives associated with on-line trading. The method used in this paper was library research. On-line trading had fulfilled the shariah principle, i.e. al-aqid, s}i>ghah, al-ma’qu>d alaih and the goal of the transaction. The transaction models that can be adopt in trading on line are bay’ al-mura>bah}ah and bay’ al-sala>m. Trading online had several advantage for buyer and seller, but trading on-line also had several problems. So, we must to had a strategy to minimize the various problems that may arise.
Reformasi hukum keluarga di dunia Muslim
Authors: Wahib Ahmad Bunyan
Published: January 2018

This article discusses about the history and the development of family law reform in Muslim countries.This work has taken a lot benefits from Anderson’s works on Islamic law in the Muslim world for bothdata and perspective. Islamic family law reform started from the second decade of twentieth century(1915) with the issuance of two Ottoman Caliph decrees on wife rights to ask religious court to divorcethem from their husband. This reform was followed by Sudan (starting from 1916), Egypt (1920),Jordan (1951), Syria (1953), Tunisia (1956/1959), Morocco (1958), Iraq (1959), Pakistan (1961) and Iran(1967). The reformation aims to administrate the members of community in the filed of social,economy, politics, and law. From the perspective of modernization, Islamic family law reform inMuslim countries has shown the process of modernization from above.
Implementasi maqasid al-shari’ah sebagai solusi problematika sosial dan kemasyarakatan kontemporer
Authors: Bahruddin A.
Published: January 2018

Islam as a legal system based on the Qur’an and sunnah ideally expected to be able to control the sociallife in society, by ensuring the implementation of their rights as individuals and society. Besides, as ameans of social control of the social changes that are happening in the life of society, as well as socialengineering tools in realizing the benefits in the world and the hereafter and maintain human dignity asa goal for the establishment of the law itself. Furthermore how is the ability of Islam in responding tothe growing demands of society in accordance with the times. So its ability to answer these challenges byproviding solutions to emerging social problems is a reality that is difficult to avoid, because peopleneed legal certainty as well as their rights both as individuals and communities need to get certainty as amanifestation of their rights in a fundamental way. Departing from these issues, the understanding ofIslamic law and the purpose of its implementation (Maqashid al-Shariah) becomes very important, itwill affect the success in the process of implementation of Islamic law both among Muslims and societyat large. So ideally Islamic law in reality in society is expected to provide legal protection for certain and asa tool of social control of social changes that occur in the life of society, and no less important is torealize the benefits and maintain human dignity as the purpose of the implementation of the law.
The Influence of Career Development and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance
Authors: Nami Nasution Fauziah , Mariatin Emmy , Zahreni Siti
Published: January 2018

The establishment of Bank Pembangunan Daerah is aimed to be the main contributor in the local people’s economic development. Therefore, it is very important to take heed of the company’s performance by evaluating its employees’ performance. Based on the result of interviews and observation, it was found that employee performance was influenced by some factors such as career development and organizational culture. The objective of this research was to examine the influence of career development and organizational culture on employee performance. The research used quantitative approach which involved 242 permanent employees of Bank Pembangunan Daerah. The result of statistic analysis showed that career development and organizational culture had positive and significant influence on employee performance. The implication of this research is expected to be able to help the company’s management increase their employees’ performance by carrying out objective, transparent, and fair career development program and strengthen organizational culture by socializing and monitoring the implementation of firm values.
The Effect Of Financial Distress And Disclosure On Going Concern Opinion Of The Banking Company Listing In Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: M Jamaluddin
Published: January 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of financial distress and disclosure to the going concern of banking companies listing on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Population of this research is all banking companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. Sample in this research is 6 banking companies. The analysis method is logistic regression. The result of the research shows that financial distress has a negative effect on going-concern opinion, while disclosure negatively affect of going concern opinion on banking company listing in Indonesian Stock Exchange.
PRÁTICAS DISCURSIVAS DA DIVERSIDADE SEXUAL E POLÍTICAS CURRICULARES PARA A EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: RODRIGUES José Rafael Barbosa , SILVA Josenilda Maria Maués da
Published: January 2018

A presente escrita vincula-se aos estudos realizados no Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Diferença e Educação – DIFERE, vinculado ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Currículo e Gestão da Escola Básica – PPEB/ICED/UFPA. A investigação intenta problematizar as práticas discursivas da Diversidade Sexual, do respeito e da tolerância, alinhadas ainda à lógica identitária. O estudo investe no exame dos modos como esses textos curriculares operam e produzem, formas viáveis de experimentação do corpo, do gênero e da sexualidade, agindo assim, como biopolíticas que governam e demandam cuidados de si, instituem regras para a viabilidade e para a inclusão do sujeito-outro da educação, em especial, a população LGBT. Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, trata-se de um investimento de cunho teórico que opera com uma revisão bibliográfica com ênfase em abordagens de cunho pós-estruturalista que investem no Pensamento da Diferença em Educação utilizando ferramentas analíticas das formulações de Michel Foucault.Palavras-chave: Diferença. Políticas Curriculares. Diversidade Sexual. Resistência.
MEMÓRIAS DE ALFABETIZADORES MATEMÁTICOS EM PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA
Authors: SILVA Fabio Colins da , JÚNIOR Arthur Gonçalves Machado , GONÇALVES Tadeu Oliver
Published: January 2018

Este texto é um recorte da dissertação intitulada “Saberes Docentes na/da Formação Continuada de Professores que Ensinam Matemática no Ciclo de Alfabetização”, que investigou os saberes docentes mobilizados na/da formação continuada de professores alfabetizadores. A pesquisa teve como contexto o Programa Federal Pacto Nacional pela Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC). O lócus da investigação foi o município de Marabá, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Os sujeitos deste estudo foram cinco professoras alfabetizadoras. A pesquisa foi realizada entre março de 2014 e janeiro de 2015. A construção das informações se deu a partir dos registros das atividades realizadas pelas professoras alfabetizadoras durante os encontros municipais de formação, dos seus relatórios de prática e dos seus relatos de experiência. A metodologia de análise utilizada foi a Análise Textual Discursiva. É possível afirmar que, por meio das memórias, os professores em processo de formação podem mobilizar saberes necessários às práticas de alfabetização matemática.Palavras-chave: Memórias. Formação Continuada. Alfabetização Matemática.
FORMAÇÃO DE EDUCADORES NO PROGRAMA BRASIL ALFABETIZADO: PRESENÇA E ATUALIDADE DO PENSAMENTO EDUCACIONAL DE PAULO FREIRE
Authors: DIAS Alder De Sousa , SANTOS Cristiana Gomes dos , NETO João Colares da Mota , RODRIGUES Margarida Maria de Almeida
Published: January 2018

O artigo tematiza a formação de educadores em perspectiva freireana. Tem como objetivo analisar a presença e atualidade do pensamento educacional de Paulo Freire na formação de educadores do Programa Brasil Alfabetizado, de Ananindeua-PA. Consiste em uma pesquisa de campo de abordagem qualitativa. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico e documental para subsidiar a análise dos dados, coletados por meio de entrevistas e da técnica Grupo Focal. Os sujeitos foram: a gestora local, uma coordenadora e três educadoras. Constatam-se categorias do quefazer educativo freireano nos documentos analisados e nas falas dos sujeitos da pesquisa. Conclui-se que o pensamento educacional de Paulo Freire ressignifica-se como frente de libertação ante um contexto social capitalista desumanizante e excludente.Palavras-chave: Formação de educadores. Programa Brasil Alfabetizado. Pensamento Educacional. Paulo Freire.
A construção da cidade civilizada: Uberaba na virada do século XIX-XX
Authors: Oliveira Raniele Duarte
Published: January 2018

Considerando que a palavra civilização está diretamente relacionada à ideia de cidade, objetiva-se apresentar no artigo uma discussão a respeito dessa temática tomando como referência a cidade de Uberaba/MG no período que compreende o final do século XIX e início do século XX. Para tanto, procedeu-se à consulta de atas da câmara municipal, jornais, memorialistas e códigos de posturas. Por meio da análise desses documentos constatou-se que o processo de ordenamento da cidade resultava de relações sociais, políticas, econômicas e culturais que tinham como finalidade construir a imagem da urbe civilizada.
As implicações do processo de formação continuada no fazer docente
Authors: Alves André Luciano , Silva Gilberto Ferreira da
Published: January 2018

O presente artigo discute a formação de professores em especial, a continuada em suas propostas e concepções na América Latina. Busca propor e avaliar a implementação de uma proposta de formação continuada de professores do ensino fundamental e a qualificação da prática docente desses profissionais. O estudo desenvolve-se por meio da pesquisa ação com aporte etnográfico. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que na América Latina as concepções e práticas de formação continuada, heterogêneas e sobre as quais está uma gama de práticas, ainda as mesmas se sustentam na ideia de superação do déficit/lacunas deixadas pela formação inicial. Portanto o desafio posto a ser enfrentado é de constituir os momentos de formação continuada de professores um espaço qualificador da prática docente e que, consequentemente contribua para a melhoria da aprendizagem dos alunos.
PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO CINESPORTE: CORPO, ESPORTE E EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Campos Marcus Vinicius Simões , Moreira Wagner Wey , Conceição Bruno Da Silva , Simões Regina
Published: January 2018

O cinema, como um dos símbolos de inovação da modernidade, possibilita a circulação do conhecimento, a difusão de novas experiências e valores culturais, a reconstrução do passado e aguça a imaginação. Com base nesta reflexão, este relato de experiência tem como objetivo divulgar um projeto de extensão que desenvolve debates a partir de temas relacionados com a área da Educação Física, da Educação e dos Esportes presentes na cinematografia existente denominado Cinesporte. Este projeto é proposto pelo Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Corporeidade e Pedagogia do Movimento (NUCORPO) da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) e tem como foco instigar o senso crítico da comunidade para os fenômenos esporte, corpo e educação, e compreender que outras formas de divulgação do conhecimento também podem auxiliar na formação e atuação profissional.
DESEMPEÑO EXPERIMENTAL DE ESTRUCTURAS DE MAMPOSTERÍA CONFINADA REHABILITADAS MEDIANTE EL USO DE LA MALLA DE ALAMBRE
Authors: Ruìz Jorge , Alcocer Sergio
Published: January 2018

Con base en los resultados experimentales obtenidos en diversos programas de investigación llevados a cabo en Latinoamérica, en este artículo se presentan algunas recomendaciones para la evalución, diseño y construcción de estructuras con muros de mampostería confinada que han sufrido daño del tipo sísmico y son sometidos a un proceso de rehabilitación mediante el uso de malla de alambre electrosoldada recubierta con mortero de cemento. Este método de rehabilitación, aplicado correctamente, permite aumentar la resistencia ante cargas laterales, incrementar la rigidez remanente así como la capacidad de deformación y de disipación de energía.
TERREMOTO DE ARMENIA, COLOMBIA, ENERO 25 DE 1999
Authors: Cardona Omar
Published: January 2018

Recientemente, la zona cafetera de Colombia fue afectada por un terremoto de magnitud moderada, que causo graves daños a las ciudades de Armenia y Pereira y un amplio número de poblaciones menores en sus alrededores. La severidad de los daños en Armenia se explica aparentemente debido a la superficialidad del evento, a su cercanía con la ciudad y a la ampliación sísmica causada por la presencia de suelos blandos y formas topográficas favorables para el efecto. Los daños en las edificaciones ratificaron las enseñanzas de otros sismos en relación con el mal comportamiento de edificaciones frágiles de mampostería no reforzada y de entramados de concretos reforzados que no cumplen con normas de diseño y construcción sismo resistente. Se pudo constatar la influencia adversa de elementos no estructurales sobre las estructuras y las irregularidades de masa y rigidez; aspectos principales por los cuales se había actualizado la normatividad sismo resistente colombiana recientemente. Por otra parte, aunque en general el Sistema Nacional para la Prevención y Atención de Desastres reaccionó de manera satisfactoria una vez se detectó que el evento superó la capacidad del nivel local, se puso a prueba la capacidad de convocatoria y coordinación de la cordinación de la Dirección Nacional para la Prevención y Atención de Desastres, demostrándose su debilidad política, técnica y operativa, dado que las instituciones nacionales respondieron independientemente de acuerdo con sus planes de respuesta sin la orientación y el apoyo de este importante ente cordinador.
SUPPLEMENTAL DAMPING FOR NEW AND RETROFIT CONSTRUCTION*
Authors: Whittaker Andrew , Constantinou Michael , Sigaher Natali
Published: January 2018

Supplemental damping (energy dissipation) hardware are being employed in the United States to provide enhanced protection for new and retrofit building and bridge construction. Such hardware includes displacement- and velocity-dependent dampers. The types of dampers being implemented in the United States at this time are presented in the paper. Guidelines and commentary to aid in the implementation of passive supplemental dampers in existing construction are included in the new resource documents FEMA 273 and 274: Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMAThi, 1997). This paper introduces the FEMA 273 analysis procedures and outlines the modeling and analysis procedures developed for implementing supplemental dampers. Two new developments in the field of supplemental damping that will facilitate their application to stiff structural framing systems are the toogle-brace and scissors-jack damper configurations. These configurations are presented in the paper and their utility is demonstrated  by comparison with conventional configurations for a sample single-story, single-bay frame.
Potencialidades da compra institucional na promoção de sistemas agroalimentares locais e sustentáveis: o caso de um restaurante universitário
Authors: Martinelli Suellen Secchi , Soares Panmela , Fabri Rafaela Karen , Campanella Graziella Regina Alba , Rover Oscar José , Cavalli Suzi Barletto
Published: January 2018

O objetivo foi analisar a potencialidade da compra institucional de alimentos para a promoção de sistemas sustentáveis e localizados de produção. Analisou-se a demanda de alimentos de um Restaurante Universitário do Sul do Brasil a partir da quantidade e da variedade dos alimentos presentes em listas de compras. Os alimentos foram categorizados em grupos e de acordo com a forma de produção e grau de processamento. Os dados evidenciam grande potencial de compra do restaurante, correspondendo a aproximadamente 77 toneladas mensais. Verificou-se uma grande demanda por alimentos com algum grau de processamento, como higienização e cortes em 100% das hortaliças e 22% das frutas, o que pode limitar o acesso dos agricultores familiares num primeiro momento, mas representar um ganho potencial àqueles que se organizarem. A aquisição de alimentos orgânicos ainda é restrita (5% do total), porém evidencia interesse e esforço crescente para adquiri-los. Os resultados demonstram o potencial do restaurante para a promoção de sistemas sustentáveis e localizados de produção, principalmente diante do interesse da compra de alimentos orgânicos e da grande demanda de alimentos, com e sem processamento. A modalidade “Compra Institucional” do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos pode auxiliar nesse processo, beneficiando agricultores e consumidores do restaurante.
Comunidades Pesqueiras, Etnoecologia, Ecologia Humana e Segurança Alimentar: uma revisão de conceitos, modelos e ensino
Authors: Begossi Alpina , Clauzet Mariana , Dyball Robert
Published: January 2018

A literatura sobre incentivos para conservar a biodiversidade frequentemente sobrepõe processos e resultados. Há necessidade de revisar os principais resultados, como governança e co-manejo; os principais processos, como confiança, legitimidade e transparência; os principais ‘drivers’ (motivadores, fatores impulsionadores) que podem ser positivos (incentivos, segurança alimentar, biodiversidade) ou negativos (poluição, pobreza); como ainda os instrumentos disponíveis para alcançar resultados, como processos colaborativos e conhecimento local (‘local ecological knowledge, LEK’). LEK é sugerida aqui como tendo um grande potencial dentro de processos colaborativos em comunidades pesqueiras. Um Modelo de Ecologia Humana (CAT – Modelos de Adaptação Cultural), adaptado a comunidades pesqueiras de pequena escala, é usado como ferramenta analítica no sentido de organizar processos de ‘feedback’ entre informação ecológica, processos colaborativos e segurança alimentar. Ilustramos a colaboração com os pescadores através de pesquisa realizada em Copacabana (Posto 6), Rio de Janeiro, no estudo de garoupas (Epinephelus marginatus). Avaliamos ainda os motivadores positivos que podem engajar os pescadores no co-manejo, como PSA (Pagamentos de Serviços Ambientais). PSAs podem ser aplicados no co-manejo, como em MPAs (áreas protegidas marinhas) através de pagamento direto a pescadores que ajudem na vigilância dessas áreas.
Avaliação microbiológica de hortaliças minimamente processadas disponíveis no mercado e servidas em redes de fast-food e em unidades de alimentação e nutrição nas cidades de Limeira e Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Pena Fabíola de Lima , Paulo Karina Hass , Soragni Larissa , Duarte Leonardo Tomazeli , Antunes Adriane Elisabete Costa
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo buscou determinar a presença de contaminantes microbiológicos em 64 amostras de hortaliças minimamente processadas (HMP) nas cidades de Limeira e Campinas – São Paulo, Brasil, e verificar a adequação destes produtos com os parâmetros descritos na legislação vigente. Foram realizadas contagens de aeróbios mesófilos totais, coliformes à 35oC e 45oC, E.coli e determinação da presença de Salmonella. Dentre as amostras, 69,2% foram obtidas diretamente do comércio das cidades de Campinas e Limeira e 30,8% de restaurantes e redes de fast-food das mesmas cidades. As amostras apresentaram contagens médias de aeróbios mesófilos totais na faixa de 3,8 a 10,4 log UFC g-1. Para coliformes à 35oC foram observadas variações de contagens médias nas faixas de 1,1 a >5,0 log NMP g-1 e no caso dos coliformes à 45oC, desde valores abaixo do nível de detecção do método até 5,0 log NMP g-1. Na análise de E.coli, foram encontrados valores de contagens médias desde abaixo do nível de detecção do método até 2,1 log UFC g-1. Salmonella não foi observada em nenhuma das amostras analisadas. Aproximadamente 12% do total de amostras encontravam-se fora dos padrões definidos na RDC no 12 de 2001. Outros parâmetros não definidos pela legislação brasileira apresentaram contagens insatisfatórias quando confrontadas às legislações de outros países. Melhorias no sistema produtivo são necessárias para garantir a qualidade das hortaliças e evitar a contaminação e possíveis danos à saúde dos consumidores.
Alimentos industrializados: abordagem da indústria, consumidores e governo
Authors: Vicentini Mariana Scudeller
Published: January 2018

Nos últimos anos têm sido intensas as mudanças no comportamento dos consumidores de diversos países, especialmente no tocante ao aumento do consumo de alimentos industrializados e entre esses, os que são conhecidos como ultraprocessados. Este fato está de acordo com o crescimento deste tipo de indústria, que também promove medidas que podem influenciar a compra de tais produtos, como marketing e desenvolvimento de embalagens/produtos que geram praticidade ao consumidor. Porém, esse acréscimo na ingestão de ultraprocessados, juntamente com outros fatores, tem sido reconhecido por alguns autores como responsável pelo incremento nos índices de sobrepeso e obesidade, o que pode acarretar prejuízos à saúde do consumidor. Ademais, este aumento tem ocorrido em todas as faixas etárias da população brasileira, sendo mais grave entre os adolescentes. Além dessa variável, outros determinantes, como renda, classe social e local da habitação também podem influenciar nestes índices. Neste sentido, o governo brasileiro tem buscado medidas para minimizar o impacto dos alimentos industrializados na saúde da população, assim como o crescimento nas taxas de obesidade. Contudo, apesar das medidas já tomadas, ainda há muitos desafios, notadamente, à maior fiscalização em relação à legislação destes produtos.
Dos movimentos sociais à implementação do Programa Fome Zero (1993 – 2013): a trajetória da cidadania alimentar no Brasil (20 anos da ação da cidadania e 10 anos do Programa Fome Zero)
Authors: Machado Moisés , Rocha Daniete Fernandes , Campos Mauro Macedo
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, com base na vertente teórica do novo institucionalismo histórico, a trajetória da segurança alimentar no Brasil, na perspectiva da cidadania, desde sua entrada para a agenda nacional até sua institucionalização como política pública no âmbito do Programa Fome Zero. Sem pretensões analíticas mais detalhadas, no que se refere aos estudos dos desenhos dos programas, a proposta do artigo é trazer, de forma sintética e ordenada, um entendimento sobre as ações que constituíram os modos peculiares de enfrentamento dos desafios da segurança alimentar no país. A garantia de uma segurança alimentar como direito social, ao contrário de outros direitos sociais concedidos aos brasileiros no passado, principalmente em governos autoritários, foi resultado da luta de movimentos sociais e reivindicações em favor da ética na política (após o impedimento do Presidente Collor, em 1992), a favor da vida e contra a fome. A institucionalização do Programa Fome Zero, junto com outros determinantes, trouxe melhoria para as condições de vida dos brasileiros mais pobres, considerando-se, entre outros, os aspectos de transferência consistente de renda para esses grupos.
(In)Segurança alimentar e nutricional, autopercepção da saúde e uso de Agrotóxicos: o caso dos agricultores familiares de Ibiúna, São Paulo
Authors: Luz Verônica Gronau , Siqueira Carlos Eduardo Gomes , La-Rotta Ehideé Isabel Gomez , Miquilin Isabella de Oliveira Campos , Correa Filho Heleno Rodrigues
Published: January 2018

A utilização de agrotóxicos nas lavouras brasileiras aumentou junto à elevação média anual de 25,3% das notificações de intoxicações ocupacionais. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever aspectos sociodemográficos, de trabalho, saúde, uso de pesticidas e sua relação com a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional em 107 domicílios de agricultores familiares em Ibiúna, SP.Foi aplicado questionário sobre a produção agrícola, uso de agrotóxicos, dados de trabalho, além da Escala Brasileira de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.Foram encontrados 46% de insegurança alimentar (leve ou moderada), baixa escolaridade (70,1%) e baixa renda (67,2% recebiam até um salário mínimo per capita). A população amostrada em Ibiúna apresentou 29,0% de autopercepção de saúde de regular a ruim. Os agricultores utilizavam 55 tipos diferentes de pesticidas, com grande proporção daqueles que contém na sua composição Paraquat, Glifosato e 2,4D. O uso de EPIs foi negado por 14,7% e 46,1% relataram uso parcial.Os agricultores de Ibiúna utilizavam grande quantidade de agrotóxicos, comprometendo a qualidade dos alimentos produzidos e a garantia da SAN. O “uso seguro” foi considerado impraticável em locais de redução da produção de Alimentos Básicos.
Estimating and Comparing Dam Deformations Using Classical and GNSS Techniques
Authors: Barzaghi Riccardo , Cazzaniga Noemi Emanuela , De Gaetani Carlo Iapige , Pinto Livio , Tornatore Vincenza
Published: January 2018

GNSS receivers are nowadays commonly used in monitoring applications, e.g., in estimating crustal and infrastructure deformations. This is basically due to the recent improvements in GNSS instruments and methodologies that allow high precision positioning, 24 h availability and semiautomatic data processing. In this paper, GNSS estimated deformations on a dam structure have been analyzed and compared with pendulum data. This study has been carried out for the Eleonora D’Arborea (Cantoniera) dam, which is in the Sardinia Island. Time series of pendulum and GNSS over a time span of 2.5 years have been aligned so to be comparable. Analytical models fitting these time series have been estimated and compared. Those models were able to properly fit pendulum data and GNSS data, with standard deviation of residuals smaller than one millimeter. This encouraging results led to the conclusion that GNSS technique can be profitably applied to dam monitoring allowing a denser description, both in space and time, of the dam displacements than the one based on pendulum observations.
Membranes: A Variety of Energy Landscapes for Many Transfer Opportunities
Authors: Bacchin Patrice
Published: January 2018

A membrane can be represented by an energy landscape that solutes or colloids must cross. A model accounting for the momentum and the mass balances on the membrane energy landscape establishes a new way of writing for the Darcy law. The counter pressure in the Darcy law is no longer written as the result of an osmotic pressure difference but rather as a function of colloid-membrane interactions. The ability of the model to describe the physics of the filtration is discussed in detail. This model is solved on a simplified energy landscape to derive analytical relationships that describe the selectivity and the counter pressure from ab-initio operating conditions. The model shows that the stiffness of the energy landscape has an impact on the process efficiency: a gradual increase in interactions (like with hourglass pore shape) can reduce the separation energetic cost. It allows the introduction of a new paradigm to increase membrane efficiency: the accumulation that is inherent to the separation must be distributed across the membrane. Asymmetric interactions thus lead to direction-dependent transfer properties and the membrane exhibits diode behavior. These new transfer opportunities are discussed.
Consumer Understanding, Perception and Interpretation of Serving Size Information on Food Labels: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bucher Tamara , Duncanson Kerith , Murawski Beatrice , Van der Horst Klazine , Labbe David
Published: January 2018

This scoping review investigated how consumers perceive and interpret serving size information on food packages. A search of seven databases (2010 to September 2017) was followed by title and abstract screening, with relevant articles assessed for eligibility in full-text. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, with relevant data extracted by one reviewer and checked for consistency by a second reviewer. Five studies reported poor understanding of nutrition facts labelling and portion size, with information to ‘benchmark’ serving size against reported as helpful in two studies. Consumer attitudes towards serving size labelling were measured in six studies and identified that serving size information was interpreted as indicative of nutrient intake regardless of portion size recommendations. Increased labelled serving sizes resulted in increased portion sizes in three studies, with three studies reporting the opposite or neutral effect for discretionary food portion sizes. The influence of labelled serving size on consumer attitudes and consumption is complex and sometimes counterintuitive. As labelled serving size can impact on consumption, any changes may result in unintended public health consequences. The effects of labelled serving size format changes should be tested carefully within experimental and ecological contexts and accompanied by tailored, comprehensive and serving size-specific food literacy initiatives.
Hybrid GA-PSO Optimization of Artificial Neural Network for Forecasting Electricity Demand
Authors: Anand Atul , Suganthi L
Published: January 2018

In the present study, a hybrid optimizing algorithm has been proposed using Genetic Algorithm (GA)and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to improve the estimation of electricity demand of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. The GA-PSO model optimizes the coefficients of factors of gross state domestic product (GSDP) , electricity consumption per capita, income growth rate and consumer price index (CPI) that affect the electricity demand. Based on historical data of 25 years from 1991 till 2015 , the simulation results of GA-PSO models are having greater accuracy and reliability than single optimization methods based on either PSO or GA. The forecasting results of ANN-GA-PSO are better than models based on single optimization such as ANN-BP, ANN-GA, ANN-PSO models. Further the paper also forecasts the electricity demand of Tamil Nadu based on two scenarios. First scenario is the "as-it-is" scenario , the second scenario is based on milestones set for achieving goals of "Vision 2023" document for the state. The present research also explores the causality between the economic growth and electricity demand in case of Tamil Nadu. The research indicates that a direct causality exists between GSDP and the electricity demand of the state.
Evaluation of Analysis by Cross-Validation. Part I: Using Verification Metrics
Authors: Menard Richard , Deshaies-Jacques Martin
Published: January 2018

We examine how observations can be used to evaluate an air quality analysis by verifying against passive observations (i.e. cross-validation) that are not used to create the analysis and we compare these verifications to those made against the same set of (active) observations that were used to generate the analysis. The results show that both active and passive observations can be used to evaluate of first moment metrics (e.g. bias) but only passive observations are useful to evaluate second moment metrics such as variance of observed-minus-analysis and correlation between observations and analysis. We derive a set of diagnostics based on passive observation–minus-analysis residuals and we show that the true analysis error variance can be estimated, without relying on any statistical optimality assumption. This diagnostic is used to obtain near optimal analyses that are then used to evaluate the analysis error using several different methods. We compare the estimates according to the method of Hollingsworth Lonnberg, Desroziers, a diagnostic we introduce, and the perceived analysis error computed from the analysis scheme, to conclude that as long as the analysis is optimal, all estimates agrees within a certain error margin. The analysis error variance at passive observation sites is also obtained.
Biodegradable and Biocompatible Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA): Auspicious Microbial Macromolecules for Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Koller Martin
Published: January 2018

Polyhydroxyalkanotes (PHA) are bio-based microbial biopolyesters with stiffness, elasticity, crystallinity and degradability tunable by the monomeric composition, bio-production strategy and post-synthetic processing; they display biological alternatives for diverse technomers of petrochemical origin. This, together with the fact that their monomeric and oligomeric in vivo degradation products do not exert any toxic or elsewhere negative effect to living cells or tissue of humans or animals, makes them highly stimulating for various applications in the medical field. The article provides an overview of PHA application in the therapeutic, surgical and tissue engineering area, and reviews strategies to produce PHA at purity levels high enough to be used in vivo. Tested applications of differently composed PHA and advanced follow-up products as carrier materials for controlled in vivo release of anti-cancer drugs or antibiotics, as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as guidance conduits for nerve repair or as enhanced sutures, implants or meshes are discussed from both a biotechnological and a material-scientific perspective. Particular attention is devoted to the adaptation of traditional polymer processing techniques for production of medicine-related devices based on PHA, such as melt-spinning, melt extrusion, or solvent evaporation, and to emerging processing techniques like 3D-printing, computer-aided wet-spinning, laser perforation, or electrospinning.
Maristem - Stem Cells of Marine/Aquatic Invertebrates: From Basic Research to Innovative Applications
Authors: Ballarin Loriano , Rinkevich Baruch , Bartscherer Kerstin , Burzynski Artur , Cambier Sebastien , Cammarata Matteo , Domart-Coulon Isabelle , Drobne Damjana , Encinas Juanma , Frank Uri , Geneviere Anne-Marie , Hobmayer Bert , Löhelaid Helike , Lyons Daniel , Martinez Pedro , Oliveri Paola , Peric Lorena , Piraino Stefano , Ramšak Andreja , Rakers Sebastian , Rentzsch Fabian , Rosner Amalia , da Silva Tiago Henriques , Somorjai Ildiko , Suleiman Sherif , Coelho Ana Varela
Published: January 2018

The “stem cells” discipline represents one of the most dynamic areas in biomedicine. While adult marine/aquatic invertebrate stem cell (MISC) biology is of prime research and medical interest, studies on stem cells from organisms outside the classical vertebrate (e.g., human, mouse, zebrafish) and invertebrate (e.g., Drosophila, Caenorhabditis) models have not been pursued vigorously. Marine/aquatic invertebrates constitute the largest biodiversity and the widest phylogenetic radiation on Earth, from morphologically simple organisms (e.g. sponges, cnidarians), to the more complex mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and protochordates. These organisms illustrate a kaleidoscope of MISC-types that participate in the production of a large number of novel bioactive-molecules, many of which are of significant potential interest for human health. MISCs further participate in aging and regeneration phenomena, including whole-body regeneration. For years, the European MISC-community has been highly fragmented and scarce ties were established with biomedical industries in attempts to harness MISCs for human welfare. Thus, it is important to: i) consolidate the fragmented European community working on MISCs; ii) promote and coordinate European research on MISC biology; iii) stimulate young researchers to embark on research in MISC-biology; iv) develop, validate, and network novel MISC tools and methodologies; v) establish the MISC discipline as a forefront interest of biomedical disciplines, including nanobiomedicine; vi) establish collaborations with industries to exploit MISCs as sources of bioactive molecules. In order to fill the recognised gaps, the EC-COST Action 16203 “MARISTEM”, has recently been launched. At its initial stage the consortium unites 26 scientists from EC countries, Cooperating countries and Near Neighbor Countries.