bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PO-165 Effects of Living-High Training-Low on HIF-1α Transcriptional Regulatory Factors MAPKs mRNA in Gastrocnemius of Rats
Authors: Huang Sen , Liu Jianhon , Zhou Zhihong , Lin Wentao , Weng Xiquan
Published: October 2018

Objective To evaluate the effects of Living-High Training-Low on HIF-1α transcriptional regulatory factors MAPKs mRNA in gastrocnemius of Rats.

Methods After adaptive training, 40 8-weeks-old male SD rats were divided into living-low quiet control group (LC), living-low training-low group (LoLo), living-high quiet control group (HC), living-high training-low group (HiLo). All living-high groups stayed in the environment with 13.6% oxygen concentration, about altitude of 3500 m, for 12h/day. All training groups underwent treadmill training with 35m/min for 1hour/day, 5days/week. 4 weeks later, the gastrocnemius was sampled 24 hours after the last training. The ERK, p38MAPK, JNK and HIF-1α mRNA genes expressions in gastrocnemius were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.

Results The gastrocnemius ERK mRNA of HiLo group was significantly higher than LC (P<0.01), LoLo and HC groups (P<0.05). The p38MAPK mRNA of HiLo group was significantly higher than LC and LoLo groups (P<0.01 and P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between HiLo and HC group (P>0.05). The JNK and HIF-1α mRNA of HiLo group were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.01).

Conclusions Living-High Training-Low significantly raise ERK、p38MAPK、JNK and HIF-1α gene expression in gastrocnemius of Rats. ERK, p38MAPK and JNK may be one of the transcription factors regulating HIF-1α mRNA expression in Living-High Training-Low in gastrocnemius of Rats.
PO-172 The effect of exercise on teenagers' attention
Authors: Ma Yedan , Xu Liang
Published: October 2018

Objective At present, domestic researches on attention mainly focus on the fields of special education, neuropsychiatry and mental health, and the subjects are mostly children with ADHD and elderly people with cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out researches on normal students and find training methods suitable for improving their attention quality.

Methods In this study, literature review and logical analysis were used to sort out, analyze and reason the literature about the influence of physical exercise on teenagers' attention in the past five years at home and abroad.

Results (1)in the comparative study of ordinary students and students in sports schools who participated in regular training, it was found that those with training had better attention level than ordinary students in quiet state.The attention span of trampoline athletes was better than that of students.(2) different projects have different effects on students' attention characteristics: compared with football training, table tennis has a significant impact on students' attention persistence and concentration.Compared with table tennis, football has a significant effect on the attention span of students.Compared with athletics, basketball has a significant impact on students' attention distribution ability, attention transfer ability and attention span.(3) exercise of different intensity has different effects on the intentional attention of primary and middle school students.Moderate intensity exercise works best for your body.Intense exercise initially increased attention, but after 45 minutes the brain's ability to work and focus decreased significantly.

Conclusions Primary and middle school students of a certain intensity, regular physical exercise on attention the quality, especially to pay attention to the note has a positive role in the development of essential quality, but also should strengthen the exercise can bring attention to improving the sustainability of research, and different intensity exercise on youth blood oxygen content in concrete quality research and attention.
PO-173 The Effects of Interval Exercise on oxidative stress and Smyd1-related myocardial hypertrophy in Rats with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Liang Qiaoqin , Cai Mengxin , Zhang Jiaqi , Tian Zhenjun
Published: October 2018

Objective This study was carried out to investigate interval exercise on Smyd1 expression and F-actin sarcomere assembly in non-infarcted myocardium of normal and myocardial infarction(MI) rats and its possible mechanism.

Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (C), normal interval exercise group (CE), sham-operated group (S), MI group (MI), MI with interval exercise group (ME) and MI with ROS Tempol group (MT), n=10. MI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Interval exercise was carried out on a small animal treadmill. MT group was given an oral solution of Tempol (2mmol/L). Hemodynamics was performed to evaluate cardiac function. HE and Masson staining were used to analyze the cross-sectional area (CSA) of cardiomyocytes and collagen volume fraction, respectively. T-SOD and MDA kits were used to detect oxidative stress. H9C2 cells were treated with H2O2. Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine Smyd1 expression and F-actin sarcomere assembly. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the gene or protein expression of Smyd1, Trx1, Hsp90, MuRF1, cTnI, α-actinin and BNP.

Results Smyd1, Trx1, Hsp90, MuRF1 and BNP expression in the peri-infarcted area were up-regulated, but cTnI and α-actinin expression and F-actin assembly were decreased. The cardiac function was reduced. Both interval exercise and Tempol intervention significantly increase the CSA and expression of Smyd1, Trx1, cTnI and α-actinin, improve the antioxidation capacity and F-actin sarcomere assembly and cardiac function, reduce the expression of Hsp90, MuRF1, BNP and ROS level, and inhibit the fibrosis of myocardium. The oxidative stress level was closely related to the Smyd1 expression. Improvement of cardiac function were correlated with Smyd1 expression. H2O2 can induce oxidative stress injuries of H9C2, and its closely related to cardiomyocytes oxidative stress level and Smyd1 expression.

Conclusions Interval exercise could promote antioxidant capability and physiological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, regulate the expression of Smyd1, Hsp90 and MuRF1 in infarcted heart; so as to improve the cardiac function. Smyd1 may participate in pathologic hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes caused by oxidative stress.
PO-176 The Effects of Different Intensity Treadmill Exercise to Kidney Functions
Authors: Yang Ling , Lin Wen Tao , Weng Xi Quan
Published: October 2018

Objective  To provide more scientific and authoritative theoretical basis for body-building exercises after analyzing the changes of exercises of different intensities for the kidney functions.

Methods  The objects of the research are eight male students from Guangzhou Sport College, being exerted the treadmill exercises according to their own maximum oxygen intake. The intensities of exercises are respectively 55%VO2max, 75%VO2max, 85%VO2max, 95%VO2max. The urine 40ml and venous blood 3ml will be collected and tested before sport and 15minutes after the exercises.

Results  After four different intensities of exercise, the renin of each exercise group increased compared with the quiet value, and the greater the intensity, the more obvious the trend of change. Compared with the quiet value, the expression of angiotensin II increased in all groups after exercise, but there was no significant difference between the 55%VO2max intensity group and the 75%VO2max intensity group (P > 0.05), and there was significant difference between the 85%VO2max intensity group and the 95%VO2max intensity group (P < 0.05). Compared with the quiet value, the expression of aldosterone increased after each exercise. The mean value of 55%VO2max intensity group, 75%VO2max intensity group and 85%VO2max intensity group increased, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05), and the 95%VO2max intensity group had a very significant difference (P < 0.01). The expression of urine beta 2 microglobulin was compared with the quiet value. There was significant difference in 85%VO2max intensity group and 95%VO2max intensity group (P<0.05).

Conclusions High-intensity exercise causes renal function and body function decline. It is more appropriate to select 75% intensity exercise for body-building.
PO-178 Heat Treatment and Exercise Prevents Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats Fed High-Fat Diet
Authors: Zhao Jiexiu , Qin Fei , Xu Minxiao , Dong Yanan , Wang Zhongwei , Han Zhining
Published: October 2018

Objective  Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with many related health complications. Previous studies demonstrate that heat and exercise independently reduce IR. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that combined exercise and heating is even more favorable in reducing IR.

Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: exercise (NE; n=10), heated (HC; n=10), exercise and heated (HE; n=10), sedentary (NC; n=10), and normal diet plus sedentary (CC; n=10). All but the latter group was fed a high-fat diet (60% calories from fat) for 10 weeks while receiving heat and/or exercise exposure for latter 8 weeks. Following this regimen, protein expression from the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles, serum, and brown fat were analyzed using Western blotting.

Results Exercise combined with heating shifted the metabolic characteristics of rats on a high-fat diet toward that observed in the rats on a standard diet. Specifically, eight weeks of combined heat and endurance exercise increased PGC-1α, CnA, CaMKIV and p38 MAPK protein expression in the soleus (P < 0.05), insulin protein expression in the serum (P < 0.05), and UCP1 protein expression in the brown fat (P < 0.05), when compared to the high fat fed sedentary group. There were some significant differences in responses (i.e., body weight and Leptin & Adiponectin concentrations) between the combined exercise and heat group relative to the exercise alone group.

Conclusions  Exercise combined with heat exposure mitigates the development of IR, presumably from the Irisin pathway. The study provides potential non-pharmaceutical methods for therapeutic treatment of IR.
PO-183 Effect of Treadmill Running on Brown Adipose Tissue of Heart Failure Rats Induced by Abdominal Aortic Constriction
Authors: Chen Xuefei , Li Lingjie , Zhang Jing
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the effect of treadmill exercise on brown adipose tissue of heart failure rats induced by abdominal aortic constriction(AAC). 

Methods 210g healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and AAC group，after 4 weeks abdominal aortic constriction rats were selected and randomly divided into AAC group and treadmill running group. The exercise rats underwent treadmill running at 12m/s (40 min each, for 4 weeks). Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA content and protein expression of cardiac ANP, BNP, and pgc1-a, ucp-1, leptin and adiponectin of the brown adipose tissue respectively.

Results The rats with abdominal aortic constriction developed significant heart failure with preserved LV ejection fraction, increased LVAW d and LVID s. Compared with the control group, the myocardium levels of ANP and BNP in AAC group were significantly up-regulated. In the operation group, the function of brown adipose was enhanced. The volume of brown adipose cells decreased, the number of lipid droplet increased. The mRNA levels of UPC-1 and PGC1-a were significantly up-regulated, and the mRNA levels of leptin and adiponectin were down-regulated. In the exercise group, the browning of brown adipose was reduced, and the mRNA levels of UPC-1 and PGC1-a were decreased.

Conclusions Exercise can affect the function of brown adipose tissue in heart failure rats induced by abdominal aortic constriction.
PO-186 Effects of Shaolin Ba Duan Jin on Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Hua Xianfeng
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effects of Shaolin Ba Duan Jin on patients with hypertension.

Methods In the hypertensive patients detected in the national physical fitness test of public officials in Guiyang City, 40 patients with hypertension were selected. The experiment was started after Shaolin Ba Duan Jin has been practiced for seven days and the subjects had learned it.

Experimental method:

Frequency of subjects practicing Ba Duan Jin is 7 days a week, subjects practice once a day, practicing time is 6:00-7:30 am or 18:00 -19:30 pm, practicing lasts 1.5 hours each time (practicing has 3 groups, 14 minutes in each group；subjects rest 2 minutes between groups,；preparing part is 8 minutes；ending part is 5 minutes), record the blood pressure of the subjects before and after each experiment, and fill in the quality of life scale (WHOQOL-BREF scale) regularly for a period of 12 weeks.

Questionnaire method:

Fill in the quality of life scale every three weeks and measure heart rate and blood pressure before and after each exercise.

Mathematical statistics:

The paired sample t test was used to analyze the changes in blood pressure before and after the 12-week experiment.

Results 1) The systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the subjects were significantly lower than before the experiment (P <0.01).

2) The WHOQOL-BREF scale after 12 weeks has improved significantly in all areas than before the experiment.

Conclusions 1) Martial arts Ba Duan Jin has a good influence on the circulatory system of hypertensive patients. The performance is that the heart rate is slow and the systolic and diastolic blood pressures have a downward trend.

2) Martial arts Ba Duan Jin has significant improvement in the physiology, psychology, social relations, environment and other fields .
PO-192 Comparative Study on Screening Results of Functional Movements of Middle-aged and Old Women before and after Square Dance Exercise
Authors: Chen Xiujuan , Tan Jingjing
Published: October 2018

Objective This study will conduct a functional action screening (FMS) test for middle-aged and older women who participate in square dances, and explore the influence of square dance exercise on the screening results of middle-aged and older women, and provide reference for women's square dance exercise.

Methods Experimental method: A 12-week weekly square dance exercise was conducted on middle-aged and elderly women who participated in the square dance exercise. The functional action screening results of the experimental subjects before and after the experiment were tested and compared.

Results 3.1   Functional screening results of middle-aged and older women before exercise

The average functional screening results of middle-aged and older women before exercise were 13.70±2.518. The shoulder flexibility score of middle-aged and old women was 2.55±0.711, the average score of leg flexibility was 2.55±0.506, and the average score of trunk stability of middle-aged and old women was 1.79±0.485, and the rotational stability was 1.70±0.529. The scores of the front and rear leg squatting modes were 1.58±0.663, the scores of the hurdles were 1.97±0.305, and the scores of the squatting mode were 1.76±0.792.

3.2  Changes in functional action screening results of middle-aged and elderly women after the experiment

After exercise, the squat action mode score was 1.39±1.088, the hurdle step action mode score was 2.30±0.529, the front and rear leg squat action mode was 1.82±0.769, and the shoulder flexibility was 2.36±0.895. The knee lift leg score was 2.36±0.549, the trunk stability score was 1.52±0.870, the rotational stability score was 1.88±0.415, and the total score was 13.67±2.847.

3.3   Comparison of screening results before and after exercise

After the experiment, the total scores of FMS test indicators, shoulder flexibility, trunk stability, rotational stability, squat movement mode and front and rear leg squat mode were not significantly changed (P = 0.951, 0.311, 0.119, 0.056, 0.070 and 0.118 respectively).

The hurdle step movement mode was significantly improved, and the mean increased from 1.97 to 2.30 points (p<0.01).

Conclusions 4.1 The functional quality of middle-aged and older women who participate in square dance exercises is generally not high.

4.2 Once a week, 2 hours of 12-week square dance exercise can effectively improve the walking movement mode of middle-aged and older women.

4.3 Once a week, 2 hours of 12-week square dance exercise can not effectively improve the upper and lower limb flexibility, core stability and squat and front and rear leg movement modes of middle-aged and older women.

4.4   Middle-aged and older women who participate in square dance exercise need to add functional training in a targeted manner, instead of relying solely on square dance.
PO-196 The Change of Biochemical Indicators of Urine of Young soccer Athletes after Match
Authors: Yang Yanan , Song Yan , Wang Lu
Published: October 2018

Objective It is an important content in scientific training that Scientific and effective assessment of athletes' physical function changes. By analyzing the changes of several urine biochemical indexes after the athletes' competition, the physical function and recovery of the athletes are timely understood and the basis of scientific training is provided for the coaches.

Methods Urine biochemical indexes after 5 warm-up matches of 10 first athletes were measured with ten portable urine test instruments, including nitrite (NIT), acid alkalinity (pH), urine sugar (GLU), urine protein (PRO), urinary occult blood (BLD), urinary ketone body (KET), urinary bilirubin (BIL), urinary bilirubin (URO), urine specific gravity (SG), white blood cell (WBC). And statistics the positive rate.

Results The urine protein and urine bilirubin were found in different degrees after the competition. The urine protein of the backfielder and the back waist was (+ + +) or (+ +). Some of the next day morning recovered normal or weak positive, the urine protein of a few athletes was (+); some of the players' Urine Bilirubin (+), the few accompanied by urinary occult blood, the positive rate was low, most of them were low. The morning urine of a number of athletes returned to normal.After the competition, the urine specific gravity of athletes was more than 1.030, and no change was observed in the morning. Other indicators did not change significantly after the match and the following morning.

Conclusions Changes in urine biochemical indicators reflect the athletes' body by the competition load stimulation, in which urine protein and urine bilirubin are more sensitive to exercise load. The difference of the change degree of urine biochemical indexes in different position athletes suggests the individual differences of athletes, and also suggests the development trend of the competition, which is in line with the competitive level of the other players.
PO-103 The mechanism of long-term regular exercise intervention on liver injury in patients with NAFLD based on miR-146a regulation of TLR4/NF-KB signaling pathway
Authors: Peng Qi , Chen Jiaqin , Chen Wei , Shao Chang Feng , Yuan Afang
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term regular exercise on hepatic function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) using blood biochemistry and liver fibrosis markers, and to compare the differential expression of cytokines related to TLR4/NF-KB signaling pathway. A preliminary discussion was made on its regulation mechanism.

Methods Forty patients with NAFLD diagnosed in the Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, according to the degree of steatosis and exercise intervention, the patients were divided into control group (NAFLD group) 20 cases and long-term regular exercise group 20 cases, and the same time in our hospital Twenty patients with physical examination were normal controls; general data of all subjects, ALT, AST, GGT, serum type III procollagen (PCIII), hyaluronan (HA), and type IV collagen (CIV) were examined; Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the differential expression of TLR4/NF-KB signaling pathway-related cytokines and miR-146a in the blood of each group of subjects, revealing the effects and possible mechanisms of long-term regular exercise on liver fibrosis.

Results Compared with the normal group, the levels of serum ALT, AST, GGT, PCIII, HA, and CIV in the non-alcoholic fatty liver patients were significantly lower in the long-term regular exercise group than in the control group; blood TLR4, NF-KB, MY-D88 Compared with the control group, the gene expression level was significantly downregulated in the long-term regular exercise group. 

Conclusions Long-term regular exercise can effectively reduce nonalcoholic inflammatory liver injury and has a clear anti-fibrotic effect. Its mechanism may be related to long-term regular exercise through regulating the TLR4/NF-KB signaling pathway related factors and the regulation of molecular miR-146a, reducing inflammation and preventing the formation of fibrosis.
PO-105 Exercise regulates HMGB1 / TLR4 / NF- κ B pathway by H2S to improve OJ intestinal injury
Authors: Shao Changfeng , Chen Jiaqin , Chen Wei , Peng Qi , Li Di , Yuan Afang
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the effect of aerobic exercise on the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function caused by obstructive jaundice（OJ）and to explore its mechanism of action.

Methods  50 male KM mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation group (S), model group (M), exercise group (TM), DL-Propargylglycine + exercise (PT) group and sodium hydrosulfide + exercise (NT) group.In addition to the S group which are in the common bile duct to the abdominal wall hanging 48 hours to build mouse obstructive jaundice model. In the PT group, PAG (40 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 7 days after surgery; NaHS (50 μmol/kg) was intraperitoneally injected in the NT group 7 days after surgery; TM group, NT group and PT group were graded at 0%, and the speed was 10m/min no weight training (30min/day).After 6 weeks, HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of the intestinal mucosa.Biochemical analysis was used to detect the concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in blood and ileum, and total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) Liver function, diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid intestinal barrier function biochemical index; qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the expression changes of H2S-mediated related channel mRNA and protein（HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-Kbp6）in intestinal tissues.

Results HE staining showed that the intestinal mucosa of group M was atrophied and the villus was broken.Compared with M group, the intestinal mucosa arrangement in TM group was relatively regular. Compared with TM group, intestinal mucosa atrophy in PT group, fluff hair loss, sparseness and disorder, partial mucosa The layer was separated from the lamina propria and the gland was severely damaged. The intestinal mucosa of the NT group was relatively regular, and the changes of intestinal mucosa atrophy were restored. Serum test results showed that H2S levels were higher in the TM group than in the M group; compared with the TM group, the PT group decreased and the NT group increased. DAO level: The TM group was lower than the M group; compared with the TM group, the PT group was elevated and the NT group was decreased.  Changes in serum D-lactic acid levels were similar to DAO. The results of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining showed that the expressions of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-Kbp6 mRNA and protein in the intestinal tissues of mice in TM group were significantly lower than those in M group and PT group, and the mRNA and protein expression levels in NT group were the lowest.

Conclusions Aerobic exercise inhibits the HMGB1 / TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathway through the H2S / CSE system, thereby exerting a protective effect on the intestinal mucosal barrier.
PO-113 Long-term Various Load Training Effects on Free Radical Metabolism in the Brain of Aging Mice
Authors: Wei Cuilan , Li Xue
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term various load aerobic exercise on the free radical metabolism of the brain in aging mice through the establishment of different swimming exercise models. 

Methods sixty 3-month-old male Kunming mice were randomly and equally divided into five groups, which were the control group (group C), 10 minute exercise group (group E1), 30 minute exercise group (group E2), 60 minute exercise group (group E3), and 90 minute exercise group (group E4). Group C had regular feeding during the natural aging time in 8 months without any exercise intervention. All other exercise groups performed different load swimming exercise (from 10 to 90 minutes as mentioned above) during the same 8 month period. All subjects were decapitated after exercise on the last day of the 8th month; and the brain tissues were harvested as samples. The malondialdehyde (MDA) amount was measured by the Thiobarbituric Acid method, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity level was measured with Xanthine Oxidase method.

Results  group E3 demonstrated significantly higher SOD activity level and lower MDA amount than the other groups.

Conclusions  Long-term, medium-load aerobic exercise had greatly impacted the metabolism of free radicals in the brain of the mouse, evidenced by increased SOD activity level and decreased MDA production. These effects may indicate that this exercise model may be beneficial in slowing down brain aging by eliminating free radicals and improving brain anti-oxidation ability.
PO-115 Effects of Phosphatidylserine on Mental States in Elite Shooters
Authors: Lu Jiaojiao , An Yan
Published: October 2018

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine effects of a short-term oral supplementation of PS on biochemical stress indicators, whole brain neurotransmitters, mood states, and sleep quality in elite shooters.

Methods Eighteen shooters including 9 males and 9 females participated in the study.  They were randomly assigned into either of the three groups: 1) those who ingested PS at 400 mg∙day-1 (n=6) (PS-400); 2) those who ingested PS at 800 mg∙day-1 (n=6) (PS-800); 3) those who with no supplement (n=6) (CON). PS supplementation lasted for 14 days and was administered in a double-blinded fashion. Within a week prior to the supplementation, serial venous blood samples were taken for measuring serum levels testosterone (T), cortisol (C), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK).  Subjects also completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and undertook electroencephalogram that determined activation values of six neurotransmitters in whole brain, including inhibition of medium (INH), five hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACH), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and excited medium (EXC). Subjects repeated the same testing protocols and all variables were measured again after 14 days of supplementation.

Results No between-group differences in all variables were observed at the baseline prior to the start of supplementation.  After supplementation, both C and C increase were lower (P=0.025, P=0.016, respectively) in PS 800 than CON, while no significant differences in C and C increase were seen between PS-400 and CON and between PS-800 and PS-400.  5-HT and DA were higher  (P=0.049, P=0.019, respectively) in PS-800 than CON, while no differences in 5-HT and DA were observed between PS-400 and CON and between PS-800 and PS-400.  All neurotransmitters were increased by supplementation in PS-800, with ACH and DA reaching statistical significance (P=0.050,P=0.029, respectively).  A synchronized trend of INH, 5-HT, ACH, DA，NE, and EXC were observed in a few brain regions (P<0.05).  PS Supplementation decreased panic score of POMS following both PS-400 and PS-800, with a greater decrease seen in PS-800.  The panic score post-supplementation was lower in PS-800 than PS-400 (P=0.016) or CON (P=0.027).  Although results of PSQI indicated an improved sleep quality following supplementation in both PS-400 and PS-800, these improvements did not reach statistical significance and no differences in PSQI were seen across the three groups.

Conclusions It appears that supplementation with phosphatidylserine at 800 mg∙day-1 for 14 days can reduce stress hormones, modulate central neurotransmitters, and mitigate negative emotions, thereby alleviating stress levels among elite shooters.
PO-229 Physiology of Aerobic Exercise in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Xie Jinfeng
Published: October 2018

Objective -

Methods -

Results -

Conclusions Clinicians has always been excessively reliant on drugs to treat patients with Atherosclerosis.Resently, it is advocated to do aerobic exercise. Such knowledge should aid in preventing and treating dyslipidemia, oxidative stress,inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction while reducing the risks of atherosclerosis.
PO-232 The Regulation of Vimentin in Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis Affected by High-load Exercise
Authors: Liu Xiaoran
Published: October 2018

Objective Long-term movement could induce micro-damage of skeletal muscle, increase collagen significantly, and appear skeletal muscle fibrosis. Vimentin is one of the most important proteins in evaluating the fibrosis after muscle injury. TGF-β1 could up-regulate Vimentin expression, promoting cell migration and accelerating fibrosis and injury repair. This study mainly explored the role of TGF-β1/Vim in skeletal muscle fibrosis affected by a bout of high-load exercise. And we tried to find whether the expression of vimentin could regulate the regeneration of muscle fiber and the remodeling of connective tissue.

Methods SD rats were divided into 7groups: control group, immediately, 6-hour, 12-hour, 24-hour, 48-hour and 72-hour after group. Western Blot was used to detect TGF-β1, vimentin, RhoA, ROCK1 and CTGF(connective tissue growth factor) expressions. Electron microscopy was used to observe the changes of collagen in skeletal muscle.

Results Vimentin protein exprsssion increased quickly at 6-hour after exerciese. At 48-hour, the vimentin expression reached the peak. And then the expression of vimentin gradually decreased.

The expressions of TGF-β1, RhoA, ROCK1 and CTGF gradually increased after exercise. The peak of these expressions appeared at 12-hour respectively. Then these protein expressions declined slowly. Collagen in skeletal muscle became long and thick in 48-hour and 72-hour after exercise.

Conclusions A bout of high-load exercise could induce skeletal muscle fibrosis. RhoA-ROCK1 maybe affect TGF-β1/Vim expressions as main regulators, and then the protein expression vimentin could regulate the regeneration of muscle fiber and the remodeling of connective tissue as an important evaluation factor.
PO-233 The Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Oral Resveratrol on Hippocampal Neurons in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Li Han
Published: October 2018

Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of aerobic exercise combined with oral resveratrol on ethology and BDNF and CREB proteins of hippocampus neurons in diabetic rats, in order to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the neuroprotective mechanism of exercise and resveratrol.

Methods 45 male Sprague Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control (NC), diabetes control (DC), diabetes exercise (DE), diabetes resveratrol (DR) and diabetes exercise and resveratrol (DER). Exercise-related groups performed 8-week swimming training (60min/d，5d/week). Morris maze test, 7d. Escape latency time, strategy of finding platform performance, the protein expression of BDNF and CREB from hippocampus neurons were measured.

Results 1）Compared with DM, DR and RE groups, the escape latency of DRE group was significantly shortened (p<0.01), and the strategy of finding platform performance was remarkably improved (p<0.05). 2) Compared with NC group, the protein expression of BDNF of DM group was obviously decreased (p <0.01), while in DRE group was improved significantly than that in DE group (p< 0.05). 3) The level of CREB expression in DM group clearly lower than in group NC (p<0.01), and the expression of CREB in DER and DE groups were remarkably increased (P <0.01) .

Conclusions  Eight weeks of swimming training and/or oral resveratrol could increase the expression level of BDNF and CREB protein in the hippocampal neurons of diabetic rats, and improve the ability of spatial learning from behavioral study. It is suggested that the aerobic exercise training and the SIRT1 mechanism of resveratrol perhaps improve the situation of high glucose and indirectly stimulate the expression of BDNF and CREB protein. As a result,  that leads to improve the impair of learning and memory which caused by diabetes.
PO-244 The Differences of 18~60 Years Old Adults’ Basal Metabolism depend on Their BMI in Nanjing
Authors: Ai Lei
Published: October 2018

Objective By comparing the differences of adults’ basic metabolic values depend on their BMI, we try to make clear the relationship between different somatotype and human daily total energy expenditure(EE) because basic metabolism accounts for the 60~70% of the EE. Then we can provide a reference including reasonable energy intake and suitable physical activity load for adults of different somatotype.

Methods A self-made health questionnaire was used to select these who are aged of 18~60 years old with no bad hobby and no bad habits (women were not in the period of menstruation), we totally recruited 181 volunteers of which 81 were normal somatotype(18.5≤BMI＜24, 33 Male 39.76±12.23 years old, BMI21.90±1.40 vs Female 39.69±13.05 years old, BMI21.38±1.40) and 72 were overweight somatotype (24≤BMI＜28, 49 Male 40±13.38 years old, BMI25.26±1.15 vs Female 40.61±10.72 years old, BMI25.53±1.09) and 28 were obese somatotype (28≤BMI, 18 Male 39.33±14.23 years old, BMI30.14±2.22 vs female 41±12.10 years old, BMI29.36± 1.25), and the basic metabolic value was measured by respiratory chamber.

Results The basal metabolic values of male and female aged of 18~60 years old in Nanjing were 2077.10±262.12Kcal and 1682.87±203.69Kcal respectively. The basic metabolic values of male and female with normal BMI are 2046.41±242.73Kcal and 1628.65±184.28kcal respectively. The basic metabolic values of male and female with overweight BMI are 2061.10±232.90Kcal and 1741.10±220.14Kcal respectively. The basal metabolic values of male and female with obese BMI are 2176.92±350.64Kcal and 1809.20±175.82Kcal. The basic metabolic values of adults with different sex but in the same BMI all reached a statistically significant difference (P≤0.01). To those adults with same sex but in different BMI, the basic metabolic values between normal BMI and overweight BMI or obese BMI all reached a statistically significant difference for female (P≤0.05), but there were no statistically significant difference for male (P > 0.05).

Conclusions For 18~60 years old adults, it is important to actively control their weight if they find their BMI are overweight, especially for women, because women are significantly more easy to return to normal BMI compare with men, but the advantages depend on different sex will disappeared if they keep on develop into obese BMI.
PO-245 Exercise at the lactate threshold (LT) and above the LT increases phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Masuda Hiroyuki , Yoshimura Tatsuhiko , Koshinaka Keiichi , Kawanaka Kentaro
Published: October 2018

Objective A single bout of exercise can enhance glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. It is well established that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation is required for stimulation of glucose uptake by exercise. After the initial phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase, glucose is further utilized to mitochondrial oxidation during exercise. The direct or functional interaction between hexokinase and Akt may act to integrate glucose metabolism in working muscle. Hence, AMPK and Akt activation would be cooperatively regulated exercise-induced activation of glucose metabolism. Although exercise at the lactate threshold (LT) and above the LT sharply increase glucose uptake via increasing AMPK activity, whether LT exercise can also increase Akt activity is still unknown. Therefore, we examined the AMPK and Akt activity immediately after several intensities of exercise.

Methods Male wistar rats (250-270 g) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Resting control (sedentary, n=16), Low-intensity exercise (LIE: 10 m/min for 30 min, n=8), LT intensity exercise 1 (LTE1: 17.5 m/min for 30 min, n=8), LT intensity exercise 2 (LTE2: 22.5 m/min for 30 min, n=8), and High-intensity exercise (HE: 27.5 m/min for 30 min, n=8). Immediately after each treadmill exercise, plantaris and soleus muscles were dissected.

Results LIE exercise did not changed AMPK phosphorylation site (Thr172), indicator of AMPK activity, and Akt phosphorylation site (Ser473, Thr308), indicator of Akt activity, in these muscles compared with resting control. At and above LTE1 exercise increased the phosphorylation of AMPK in these tissues. At and above LTE2 exercise increased the phosphorylation of Akt in these tissues. Therefore, increasing AMPK and Akt activity immediately after LT exercise possibly involved with regulating glucose metabolism.

Conclusions Phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt is increased immediately after at and above LT exercise in rat soleus and plantaris muscle.
PO-246 Effects of Different Methods of Precooling on Sub-maximal Intensity Exercise in Heat and High Humidity
Authors: Xu Minxiao , Wu Zhaozhao , Dong Yanan , Qu Chaoyi , Xu Yaoduo , Qin Fei , Wang Zhongwei , Han Zhining , Zhao Jiexiu
Published: October 2018

Objective This study aimed to investigate the influence of using different precooling measures on the capacity of competition and the exercise performance in hot and humidity environment. The most effectual means of precooling will be recommended to help coaches and athletes to improve the ability and performance in training and matches

Methods Ten male football (Rugby) players who came from the rugby team totally completed four experimental conditions in hot/humid conditions (38℃, 50% humidity). Initially, a 30-min precooling period consisting of either nothing to control (CONT, C); wearing cooling vest (4℃, V); ingesting of ice beverage (2.3 ml /kg of 4℃, I); or the mix method of combination of V and I (V+I, M). Following this, sub-maximal exercise (80% VO2max) of treadmill test occurred, until athletes exhausted

Results The running distance of M and V and I have a significant increase (P≤0.05) than CONT. The peak oxygen uptake of exhaustion was no significant difference between each other. After exercise, the change rate of heart rate ratio of M compared with CONT has a very significant decrease (P≤0.01). The core temperature of M and CONT has a significant increase (P≤0.05) in comparison. The surface temperature of I and M and V comparison with CONT has a very significant increase (P≤0.01). When participants exhaust, the RPE of M in comparison with CONT had significantly lower (P≤0.05). The RPB and the rating of thermal sensation of each condition were no significant difference. After exercise, the blood lactic concentration of each ones was no significant difference

Conclusions In hot and humidity condition, precooling has a promoting effect on the sub-maximal exercise. Precooling measures could improve the exercise performance and maintain the stability of functional status and physiology, especially the mix method.
PO-252 Effect of acupuncture intervention on the changes of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration following eccentric contractions in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Liu Aishan , Liu Fangming , Zhang Xuelin , Wang Yarong , Kong Mei , Zhang Xiang , Ye Meiling
Published: October 2018

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture intervention on the changes of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration following eccentric contractions (ECC) in rat skeletal muscle.

Methods 24 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C, n=6)、electrical stimulation group (E, n=6)、electrical stimulation group with acupuncture intervention (EA, n=6)、electrical stimulation group with acupuncture +TRP channel inhibitor Gd3+ (EAI, n=6). The animal model of eccentric induced skeletal muscle injury was established by electrical stimulation on spinotrapezius muscle of anaesthetised rats in vivo, that is to say, the intact spinotrapezius muscle of adult Wistar rats was exteriorized, and tetanic eccentric contractions (100 Hz, 10 sets of 50 contractions) were elicited by electrical stimulation during synchronized muscle stretch of 10% resting muscle length. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation were determined by loading the muscle with fura 4-AM using fluorescent imaging in vivo, and mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration were determined by loading the muscle with fura 2-AM using fluorescent imaging in vitro, and recorded changes of muscle maximum tetanic force.

Results (1) In vivo, compared with the C , cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation increased more rapidly during ECC in the E (P < 0.001). Acupuncture intervention significantly reduced cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation in the EA compared with the E (P < 0.01), and we discovered that muscle deformation generated by acupuncture intervention induced a robust Ca2+ spark response confined in close spatial proximity to the sarcolemmal membrane in intact muscle fibers. Although no significant differences between the EA and EAI, Gd3+ abolished the majority of cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation decrease during ECC in the EAI and a robust Ca2+ spark response disappeared compared with the EA.

(2) In vitro, compared with the C, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration did not elevations in MCC in the E. EA cytoplasmic Ca2+ increased rapidly above the C and E (P < 0.01), respectively, but EAI significantly attenuated the increases in  mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration compared with the EA (P < 0.01). (3). Compared with the C , maximum tetanic force was significantly lower in the E after ECC (P < 0.01). EA maximum tetanic force increased rapidly compared with the E after ECC (P < 0.05), but EAL abolished the majority maximum tetanic force increase after ECC (P < 0.05).

Conclusions (1)Eccentric contraction caused cytoplasmic Ca2+ accumulation, but  mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration decrease.

(2)Acupuncture can effectively reduce cytosolic Ca2+ overload, following by mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration increase , which in turn abnormally high cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels are buffed by the mitochondria, and improved muscle function, and the effect was associated to the TRP channels.
PO-255 Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Maca Polysaccharides and Evaluation of its Anti-fatigue Ability
Authors: Bai Baofeng , Li Shilin
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to establish the optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharides of Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) and explore its anti-fatigue ability of exhaustive exercise rats.

Methods Response surface methodology, based on Box-Behnken design, was used to optimize of ultrasonic extraction conditions of maca polysaccharides.Three independent variables (ratio of water to raw material, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature) were taken into consideration. Subsequently, 80 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, negative control group, low dose group (ML, 130mg/Kg.bw/d), middle dose group (MM, 270mg/Kg.bw/d), high dose group (MH, 800mg/Kg.bw/d). After continuous oral gavage for 30 days, 10 rats were randomly selected from each group to measure the liver glycogen, and the remaining 40 were used to determine the exhaustion swimming time, biochemical indicators of exercise capacity in rats.

Results 1. The best extracting method the ratio of material to liquid 1:22g/ml, ultrasonic time was 28min, ultrasonic temperature was 59 degrees centigrade, the extraction rate was 17.6754%. 2. Both middle and high doses of maca polysaccharides could significantly improve the swimming time of exhausted rats. 3. The maca polysaccharides group (ML, MM, MH) could effectively inhibit the growth of lactic acid in rats and accelerated the elimination of lactic acid. The effect of high dose MH group was the most obvious(P＜0.05). 4. The content of BUN in swimming rats was reduced by different doses of maca polysaccharides. High dose of maca polysaccharides on reducing the content of MDA was the most significant(P＜0.05). 6. Different doses of maca polysaccharides increased liver glycogen storage in rats, the high dose of maca polysaccharides to improve the effect of liver glycogen content of rats was the most significantly(P＜0.05).

Conclusions 1. The optimum extraction conditions of maca polysaccharides was as follows: the ratio of material to liquid was 1:22g/ml, the ultrasonic time was 30min, the ultrasonic temperature was 60, and the extraction rate was 17.6754%. 2. Maca polysaccharides could improve the antioxidant capacity of the body, improve energy reserves; prolonged exhaustive swimming time.
PO-270 Function Index Change Trend Of Fighting Events-Group Athletes During Weight Reduction Before Competition: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Fanyang
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the function index change trend of some fighting event-group athletes during weight reduction before competition.

Methods Pub Med, MEDLINE, EBSCO, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were searched to collect the scientific literatures about the change trend of body composition and function index of wrestling, judo and taekwondo athletes during weight reduction before the competition. The quality of literature was critically appraised, and data were extracted by 2 reviewers independently. Meta-analysis was conducted for eligible literatures. 

Results A total of 14 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Stata software was used for data processing to observe the trend of body composition and function index during the process of weight reduction before competition. The average weight of athletes in judo，wrestling and taekwondo decreased by 5.23kg and the body fat percent decreased by 2.13% on average. Testosterone decreased by 3.93nmol/L on average and cortisol increased by 68.55noml/L on average. Hemoglobin decreased by 1.84g/L on average and blood urea decreased by 0.026 mmol/L on average. It was also found that the body weight and the body fat percent decreased significantly during the fast control period (P < 0.05), the decrease of the body fat percent during the fast control period was significantly higher than that in the slow control period. Testosterone decreased significantly (P < 0.01) during the slow control period and continued downward trend until pre-competition. Hemoglobin in the fast control period and pre-competition significantly lower than that before weight control (P < 0.05). The level of blood urea in fast control period was significantly higher than that in slow control period (P < 0.01).

Conclusions The decrease of body weight and body fat percent was concentrated in fast control period to pre-competition stag. Testosterone levels began to decline at the slow control period and lasted until the pre-competition.It is inconsistent with the expected results of coaches and athletes.We need further search for reasons.