bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future: Outer Space Policy Review of the Past for Clues to the Future
Authors: Larsen Paul B.
Published: October 2024

Sixty years later, Professor Paul B. Larsen revisits and discusses seven outer space legal issues identified by early space law experts and their current impacts on space policy. The first section addresses the ambiguous boundary of the non-sovereign outer space legal regime which, increasingly causes states to claim control of non-sovereign outer space. Second, Larsen analyzes how the lack of outer space regulation by an international agency like the International Civil Aviation Organization has encouraged states to seek to control outer space unilaterally. Third, although the original aim of space law experts was for outer space to be free for exploration and use by all states, increasingly, outer space is being controlled by competing groups of states. Fourth, outer space was originally dedicated to peaceful use with minimal allowance for the military uses then in effect, but now military uses are voluminous and growing, with conflicts possible in the near future. Fifth, all persons in outer space were originally military acting as envoys of mankind to be rescued in the event of accidents. However, the sixth section explores how persons in outer space are increasingly now employed by competing non-governmental operators or perform military functions, not acting as envoys of mankind. Lastly, the adoption of a private international law convention on liability might require non-governmental operators to obtain adequate insurance coverage to reimburse for conjunctions, as a condition for permission to enter outer space.
Thematic Relations
Authors: Rangel Gomes Peres Mayda , Soto Marije
Published: October 2024

This study explores the processing of noun-prep-noun combinations in prepositional phrases in Brazilian Portuguese, focusing on the syntactic-semantic relationship marked by prepositions, implies the semantic sense in which the noun is being modified. We chose to contrast particularly two types of thematic relationships like 'made of' and 'made for’, categorized as: material and function  (e.g. ‘toalha de crochê’, crocheted cloth vs. agulha de crochê, crochet needle). To do so, we conducted two psycholinguistic experiments: Experiment 1 consisted of a self-paced reading/picture matching task to investigate the impact of semantic relationship on processing time; and Experiment 2 employed a cloze task (e.g. ‘toalha de ______’) and Likert scale likelihood judgments to norm the stimuli and assess cognitive preferences for the types of relation explored (i.e., material or function). Our results revealed slower reading times for the function type relation, suggesting a higher processing demand,  possibly due to covert semantic computations required for this relation. Cloze completions and likelihood ratings also indicated a cognitive preference for this type of relationship. We attribute these observed patterns to the robust syntactic-semantic relationship inherent to functional type relations, coupled with a broader range of potential response options. In contrast, material type relations demonstrated a higher level of convergence among participants for cloze responses, likely due to more restricted response options and, consequently, increased probability. Future EEG studies are proposed to identify specific moments in the cognitive processing of the constituents of these structures and assess possible anticipatory effects of prepositional phrase modifiers. These discoveries make a meaningful contribution to the broader literature on language processing, aligning with analogous patterns observed in different languages with a cognitive distinction between thematic relations and feature-based (i.e., telic and constitutive relations), such as in Wisniewsky & Love, 1998; Estes et al., 2003, 2011; Pustejovsky et al., 2016; Flick et al., 2021.
Sanayileşmede Yakınsama: Gelişen Piyasa Ekonomilerinden Kanıtlar
Authors: Koluman Ahmet , Kaplan Fatih
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, gelişen piyasa ekonomileri için Endüstri 4.0’ın 2000-2021 döneminde yakınsama kulüplerinin varlığını incelemektir. Phillips ve Sul (2007, 2009) kulüp yakınsama testi ile kümeleme algoritması kullanarak gelişen piyasa ekonomilerinin orta ve yüksek teknoloji ürün ihracatı, patent sayısı ve Bilgi İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT) ihracatının aynı uzun vadeli dengeye yakınsayıp yakınsamadığını veya ıraksayıp ıraksamadığını araştırmaktadır. Kulüp yakınsama analizi sonucunda, orta ve yüksek teknoloji ürün ihracatı için kümelenebilecek dört yakınsama kulübü ile bir ıraksak grubun olduğu, BİT ihracatı için kümelenebilecek altı yakınsama kulübünün olduğu ve patent sayısı için kümelenebilecek üç yakınsama kulübü ile bir ıraksak grubun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Meksika ile Tayland, Bulgaristan ile Macaristan, Şili ile Pakistan’ın Endüstri 4.0 açısından aynı kulüpler içinde yer aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada, Peru’nun diğer ülkelerden negatif, Çin’in ise pozitif ayrıştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları gelişen piyasa ekonomileri için tek bir yakınsama kulübünün olmadığını gösterdiğinden, her ülkenin mevcut yapısal özelliklerine ve endüstriyel altyapısına uygun sanayileşme stratejisi geliştirmesi önerilmektedir.
Development and Validation of Yoga Program for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Purushothaman Vijayalakshmi , Santhanam Ramalakshmi , Ravi Poornima , Kuppusamy Maheshkumar
Published: October 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread health issue impacting millions globally. Recognizing the potential benefits of yoga in enhancing physical and mental well-being, this research aims to develop and validate a yoga module tailored for CKD patients, with a specific focus on improving their general health. The yoga module was meticulously crafted through an extensive review of traditional and contemporary literature, incorporating postures, breathing techniques and meditation practices deemed safe and beneficial for CKD patients. Content validity was established through input yoga experts with over 7 years of experience. The study spanned from January 2020 to December 2021. The final version of the yoga module retained 83.33% of the proposed yoga techniques, incorporating modifications suggested by experts. The content validity index for the entire yoga module averaged 0.83. This work establishes the viability, validity and practicality of a yoga module designed for CKD patients. With 35 out of 42 items retained, the module exhibited significant health improvements after 12 weeks of practice. The findings position yoga therapy as a potentially effective complementary treatment for CKD patients, offering improvements in general health and quality of life and potentially slowing disease progression.
Использование электронного курса для формирования методической компетентности будущих учителей математики при изучении элементарных функций
Authors: Шустова Е.Н.
Published: October 2024

В статье описан авторский электронный курс Элементарные функции в школьном курсе математики , разработанный на базе платформы LMS Moodle. Структурные элементы ресурса спроектированы в соответствии с компонентами образовательного процесса. Результаты педагогического эксперимента подтвердили, что использование электронного курса позволяет эффективно формировать методическую компетентность будущих учителей математики.

The article describes the authors electronic course Elementary functions in the school mathematics course , developed on the basis of the LMS Moodle platform. Structural elements of the resource are designed in accordance with the components of the educational process. The results of the pedagogical experiment confirmed that the use of the electronic course can effectively form the methodological competence of future teachers of mathematics.
Географические особенности развития медицинского обслуживания населения в России
Authors: Шульгина О.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрены географические особенности развития системы здравоохранения в России. Выявлены факторы, влияющие на территориальную дифференциацию основных показателей медицинского обслуживания населения, а также региональные закономерности заболеваемости, смертности, продолжительности жизни, обеспеченности медицинскими учреждениями. Рассмотрены тенденции изменения этих показателей в начале XXI в. Использованы статистические и картографические методы исследования.

The article deals with the geographical features of the health care system in Russia. The factors affecting the territorial differentiation of the main indicators of health care of the population, as well as regional patterns of morbidity, mortality, life expectancy, availability of medical institutions were identified. The tendencies of changes of these parameters at the beginning of the XXI century statistical and cartographic methods of research.
Из истории советской пропаганды в Австрии в 19451955 годах: документы и размышления
Authors: Жиряков И.Г.
Published: October 2024

В статье дается краткий экскурс в историю советской пропаганды в Австрии в 1945 1955 годах. Излагается новый подход в анализе целевых установок и основных направлений в пропагандистскоагитационной деятельности партийногосударственного руководства СССР и советских оккупационных властей во Второй Австрийской республике в годы ее возрождения и становления.

The article gives a brief insight into the history of Soviet propaganda in Austria in 1945 1955. It describes a new approach in the analysis of the objectives and main directions in the propaganda activities of the party and state leadership of the USSR and the Soviet occupation authorities in the Second Republic of Austria in the years of its revival and formation.
Факторы развития основных элементов правовой системы общества
Authors: Баранова О.В. , Медушевская Н.Ф.
Published: October 2024

В статье анализируется существо и содержание совокупности факторов, воздействующих на наиболее значимые и важные для характеристики правовой системы общества ее подсистемы: систему правоотношений, систему правовых норм, правосознание и систему правореализации. В своей совокупности развитие этих подсистем характеризует развитие современного права.

The article analyzes the essence and content of a set of factors affecting the most significant subsystems which are important for the characteristics of the legal system of society, the system of legal relations, the system of legal norms, legal awareness and the system of law realization. As a whole the development of these subsystems characterizes the development of modern law.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПИТАНИЯ САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СПОСОБАХ ОСНОВНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ВЛАЖНОСТИ ПОЧВЫ
Authors: Костенко Е. И. , Беседин Н. В.
Published: October 2024

В статье проанализированы особенности динамики влажности и электропроводности почвы на разных глубинах при различной системе основной обработки под сахарную свеклу, в том числе предполагающей внесение минеральных удобрений глубже 20 см. Обнаружены отличия данных показателей, нарастающие при отсутствии осадков во время вегетации. Данный факт может быть использован с целью оптимизации питания и влагообеспеченности растений сахарной свеклы в условиях ЦЧР

The article analyzes features of the dynamics of soil moisture and the electrical conductivity of the soil at diff erent depths under diff erent system of the basic processing sugar beet, including fertilization deeper than 20 cm. Diff erences of indicators growing in the absence of precipitation during the growing season are detected. This fact can be used to optimize the nutrition and moisture supply of sugar beet plants in the conditions of the Central Black- Earth Region.
THE CONCEPT OF UTILIZING LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS FOR ENHANCING CASE-BASED LEARNING IN MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, ASTASHEV P.E. , PENZIN O.V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, SUBBOTIN S.A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, KARPOV O.E. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I. Pirogov” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Objective. The study is devoted to modern forms of case method implementation as a key tool in the development of clinical thinking of doctors. The main factors complicating the creation of situational tasks and limiting the large-scale application of this method in medical education are identified. Materials and methods. The concept of using large language models (LLM) to reduce the complexity and labor intensity of developing situational tasks in medical education is proposed. Results. A prototype of an interactive LLM ChatGPT-4o-based case study based on a clinical guideline for chronic heart failure has been developed and tested. The prototype allows dialogic interaction with learners, generation of laboratory and instrumental data, and real-time adaptation of case complexity. Despite its effectiveness, risks associated with the occurrence of content generation errors (so-called “hallucinations”) have been confirmed. Conclusion. The concept of LLM application for automation and improvement of case method in medical education is proposed. Requirements for the development of a digital solution are formulated, which will greatly simplify the creation and modification of case problems and will ensure the development of clinical thinking of physicians. Further efforts should be aimed at minimizing generative errors and creating specialized interfaces for effective use of LLM in training.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN CHILDREN USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, SEDASHKINA O.A. , KOLSANOV A.V. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: October 2024

Background. Diagnosis of early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global challenge, as late-stage disease is more commonly diagnosed. The development of modeling methods for making management decisions aimed at improving the efficiency of early diagnosis of CKD is an important scientific and practical task, which can be greatly supported by the use of machine learning algorithms (MLA). Aim. To improve the accuracy of diagnosis of CKD using data from history, clinical-instrumental, genetic examination and machine learning algorithms (MLA). Methods. Data were obtained from a single-center retrospective catamnestic cohort study (2011–2022) of children with CKD stage 1–4 aged 1 to 17 years. The main group included 128 children with CKD, and the comparison group included 30 children without any kidney disease. Two groups were comparable by sex and age. The data of anamnesis, clinical-instrumental and genetic examination were used to build a model for CKD diagnosis. The model was built using the MLA multivariate logistic regression (MLR). Three variables were used in the model: erythrocyte sedimentation rate in blood (β = 0,392; p<0,001); erythrocytes in urine (β = 1,225; p<0,001); and asthenic physique (β = 5,792; p<0,001). Results. A diagnostics model was obtained allowing prediction of CKD on a test sample with accuracy of 90,3% [80,6; 96,8], sensitivity of 92,0% [81,5; 100,0], specificity of 83,3% [50,0; 100,0], ROC-AUC = 90,0% [77,2; 100,0]. The resulting model is of excellent quality (>90%) as the ROC-AUC is 0,90 on the test sample. The cut-off point value of the probability of CKD is 0,25. Conclusions. We developed and tested the model that diagnoses early-stage CKD in children with high accuracy
SEARCH FOR ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES CONSIDERING POLYPHARMOCOTHERAPY RISKS BY ANT COLONY METHOD
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, SUDAKOV V.A. , TITOV YU.P. ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, SUDAKOVA E.V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, TITOVA A.YU. ,   TSARIT FSBI "GVKG im. N.N.Burdenko" Russian Ministry of Defense, KUDRINA V.G. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: October 2024

This paper considers the problem of simultaneous prescription of a large number of drugs to a patient and consideration of possible risks of polypharmocotherapy. At high risk of polypharmocotherapy it is necessary to revise the prescribed drugs, consider analogs, change the method of administration or reduce the dosage, which requires high qualification and knowledge of the doctor. With automatic risk prediction, it is possible to automate the process of searching for a rational combination of drugs, taking into account dosages and methods of administration. To automate the process, a modified ant colony method is presented in this paper
Effect of Heatsink Material on the Efficiency of Solar Panel-Thermoelectric Hybrid Devices
Authors: Fitriana Fitriana , Auliq Muhammad A’an , Kurniawan Dani Rizky , Wijaya Muhammad Antoni
Published: October 2024

Solar panels exposed to solar radiation will produce heat, affecting their efficiency. A solution to this problem is integrating solar panels with thermoelectric generators that can convert thermal energy into electrical energy. In general, thermoelectric generators are equipped with heatsinks as heat absorbers. Many studies only look at the addition of heatsinks without examining the effect of the type of heatsink material used. Based on this background, this study identifies the effect of heatsink materials on the efficiency produced by solar panel thermoelectric devices. The purpose of this study is to determine which heatsink material can produce high efficiency in solar panel-thermoelectric devices. This research is useful for improving the efficiency of solar-thermoelectric hybrid devices. The novelty of this study is the selection of various heatsink materials that are directly tested against the efficiency of hybrid devices. The heatsink materials tested in this study were aluminum and copper. The equipment was tested by measuring the current and voltage generated by the solar panel-thermoelectric using a multimeter which was then used to calculate its power. The results showed that the hybrid solar panel-thermoelectric device with a heatsink made of copper produced a higher output power of 1.882 mW compared to aluminum material which was only 0.513 mW.
Experience in applying large language models to analyse sociological data obtained as a result of interviews on students’ perception of entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Ashikhmin E. G. , Levchenko V. V. , Seletkova G. I.
Published: October 2024

Modern society is experiencing a digital transformation of various spheres associated with the development of artificial intelligence and big data. The introduction of large language models (hereinafter referred to as LLM) into scientific research opens new opportunities, but also raises a number of questions, which makes it relevant to study the peculiarities of their application for qualitative data analysis in sociology. The purpose of this article is to explore how LLM can influence the methodology and practice of sociological research, and to identify the advantages and disadvantages of their application. The authors rely on the use of the Calude-3 LLM to qualitatively analyse empirical data from a sociological study of students’ perception of ­entrepreneurship. The possibilities of LLM in the analysis of qualitative data are revealed: analysis of sentiment, construction of logical conclusions, classification, clustering, and formation of typologies. The advantages of using LLM are shown: increased data processing speed, saving time and resources. The application of LLM becomes a tool to optimise the research process in sociology, allowing to deepen the analysis of qualitative data, but it also has a number of limitations: social and political bias, difficulties with hallucinations. It is necessary to increase the transparency of models, improve their interpretability and explainability and reduce their social and political bias as well as ethical and legal regulation of the use of LLM models.
Sociological study of the digital culture of a university teacher (using the example of the Moscow State Linguistic University)
Authors: Lapshov V. A.
Published: October 2024

In the article, based on the study conducted by the sociological laboratory of the Moscow State Linguistic University (hereinafter referred to as MSLU), the essence and level of digital culture of a university teacher are determined, problematic areas of digitalisation of the educational process are identified, which require urgent measures to improve the current situation in the higher education system of the Russian Federation. The study has proved that the digital culture of the university teacher is their digital social competence formed in the course of professional activity as well as the driving force that determines the attitude towards the digitalisation of the educational process. The development level of the digital culture of a teacher at a linguistic university is below average. The majority of respondents have digital skills and use basic digital technologies in the learning process. The level of proficiency among teachers of the MSLU is comparable to the level of development of these skills among teachers at other Russian universities. At the same time, in terms of the level of competence in developing online courses and using their materials as additional educational material, teachers of the MSLU lag behind the all-Russian indicators. The main problematic areas of the digitalisation of the educational process are: low degree of equipment of audiences with modern technical means; low quality and availability of Internet communications on the territory of educational buildings; insufficient opportunities to improve the level of the digital culture of teaching staff in the field of modern digital technologies, etc.
Efficient water evaporation using black-silicon
Authors: Nishijima Yoshiaki , Nishijima Hiroyoshi , Ohashi Makoto , Katkus Tomas , Juodkazis Saulius
Published: October 2024

The black Silicon (b-Si) - plasma etched nanostructured surface of crystalline Si - was used as a light absorber due to its extremely low reflectivity (< 1%) at visible to near-IR spectra range. Flat Fresnel lenses of 1.47 and 0.36 m2 were used to focus light onto b-Si, which served as a photo-thermal absorber. Experiments to distill water were carried out in January 2021, winter conditions, in Obihiro (42◦55’N 143◦12’E) Northern Japan. The same b-Si has the biocidal property (anti-bactericidal, anti- virus, anti-fungi) due to mechanical nanoscale needles, which complement the water purification when grey water sources are used in application.
Nitro and nitritosilanes: Do they and can they exist?
Authors: Dahmani Houari , Harter Lara , Poulin Louis-Philippe , Fecteau Charles-Émile , Johnson Paul A. , Bélanger-Chabot Guillaume
Published: October 2024

NITROSILANES ARE UNKNOWN, MUCH LIKE THE NITRO ANALOGUES OF MOST METALLOIDS. THEIR NITRITE ISOMERS ARE BETTER KNOWN AND EVEN USED AS REAGENTS. STILL, MOST STUDIES ON NITRITOSILANES FOCUS ON REACTIVITIES AND THERE REMAINS SOME DOUBT ON THEIR IDENTITY. IN THIS CONTRIBUTION, WE VERIFY COMPUTATIONALLY WHETHER NITROSILANES CAN EXIST AND OBTAIN FULL SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION OF THE EXISTENCE OF NITRITOSILANES, THUS RECTIFYING PREVIOUSLY-REPORTED INTERPRETATIONS.
Quaternary biopesticides and disinfectants derived from quinine and amino acids – environmental prospects and risks
Authors: Rzemieniecki Tomasz , Juś Krzysztof , Klejdysz Tomasz , Gwiazdowska Daniela
Published: October 2024

The numerous risks associated with the toxicity of conventional quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) to various groups of living organisms have prompted the search for new, safer biologically active compounds synthesized in a sustainable manner from renewable raw materials. Here, we describe new QASs of natural origin containing quinine-based cation and anions derived from amino acids comprising proteins – L-asparagine and L-alanine. The quinine-derived QASs were thoroughly characterized in terms of correctness of chemical structure, physicochemical properties, and biological activity. It was discovered that due to quinine activity, the new salts exhibit strong antifeedant activity toward stored products pests, and in the case of elongation of the alkyl substituent in the 1-alkylquininium cation, they also become potent disinfectants. The performed analyses also allowed to assess the environmental risk by determining toxicity to monocotyledonous (Sorghum bicolor) and dicotyledonous (Sinapis alba) terrestial plants, freshwater algae (Chlorella vulgaris) and crustaceans (Daphnia magna) at various concentrations of the test substance. None of the QASs of natural origin showed phytotoxicity, and salts containing short alkyl substituents in quinine-based cations were noticeably less toxic to aquatic organisms than the other tested compounds. The results indicate that although a trade-off between antimicrobial activity and aquatic toxicity must be made when designing new quinine-based antiseptics, it is entirely possible to obtain potent, naturally-derived and low-toxic biopesticides based on quinine and amino acids.
Integration of gold nanoparticles into BiVO4/WO3 photoanodes via electrochromic activation of WO3 for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Güler Ali Can , Masař Milan , Urbánek Michal , Machovský Michal , Elnagar Mohamed M. , Beranek Radim , Kuřitka Ivo
Published: October 2024

The development of highly efficient photoanodes plays a pivotal role in advancing energy conversion efficiency in photoelectrochemical (PEC) applications. Herein, we report a facile approach to fabricate Au/BiVO4/WO3 ternary junction, which stands out by harnessing the unique benefits of WO3 for efficient electron transport, BiVO4 for broadband light absorption, and Au NPs for surface plasmon effects. The BiVO4/WO3 binary junction was constructed by depositing the BiVO4 layer on the surface of WO3 nanobricks through consecutive drop-casting. Au NPs were subsequently integrated into BiVO4/WO3 via the electrochromic activation of WO3. The optimal loading amount of BiVO4 for the best-performing BiVO4/WO3 heterostructure and the light intensity dependency of the photocurrent efficiency were determined. Work function measurements suggest a Schottky barrier forms between the incorporated Au NPs and BiVO4/WO3, leading to an improved charge separation. The flat band measurements signify an appropriate band alignment with a viable electron transfer from BiVO4 to WO3. The best-performing Au NPs-sensitized BiVO4/WO3 photoanode thin films exhibited a photocurrent density of 0.578 mA cm–2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE under AM 1.5G (1 sun) illumination, and a maximum applied-bias photoconversion efficiency (ABPE) of 0.036% at 1.09 V vs. RHE, which is an enhancement by a factor of 12 and 2.3 with respect to pristine BiVO4 and WO3 photoanodes, respectively. The present study offers a promising and scalable route for fabricating a noble metal-sensitized metal oxide-based nanocomposite photoanode for solar water splitting.
Vibrationally Assisted Tunneling through the Bread of a Proton Sandwich - Connections to Dynamic Matching
Authors: Ahmed Yusef , Gomes Gabe , Tantillo Dean
Published: October 2024

Proton sandwiches are unusual non-classical carbocations characterized by a five-center, four-electron bonding array which rapidly isomerize to lower energy isomers with three-center, two-electron bonding arrays via hydrogen migration transition states. These reactions are suspected to involve significant contributions from tunneling, even at relatively high temperatures. Machine-learning-accelerated ring-polymer, quasi-classical, and classical ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the effects of a flavor of dynamic matching that involves coupling of vibrational modes of the reactant to the imaginary mode of the transition state, and how quantum mechanical tunneling affects this coupling. These non-statistical dynamic effects were quantified by analysis of momentum in the molecular dynamics simulations. We show the importance of momentum for reactivity with and without tunneling, how tunneling amplifies these benefits, and that vibrational modes can be leveraged to generate beneficial momentum.
On-Demand Access to Palladium Oxidative Addition Complexes (OACs) from a Stable Organopalladate Salt
Authors: Looby Aidan , Venigalla Lalu , Hou Wenjun , Xiao Mengyuan , Yang Yongqing , Chen Hao , Carrow Brad
Published: October 2024

Palladium oxidative addition complexes (OACs) are state-of-the-art catalysts for many C¬–C and C–heteroatom cross-coupling reac-tions, but altering the OAC ancillary ligand identity (i.e., phosphine, N-heterocyclic carbene) often requires a bespoke synthesis. This has limited the modularity and accessibility of these ideal catalysts. We report a simple admixture approach combining a bench-stable or-ganopalladate salt with a mono- or bidentate ligand to generate OACs within minutes at room temperature. High yields across a suite of canonical cross-coupling reactions demonstrates the “on-demand” Pd OAC strategy can function as a drop-in replacement for isolated OACs as well as several other contemporary Pd precatalysts. Characterization of a previously unknown OAC coordinated by a single NHC ligand also highlights how this approach can circumvent decomposition of thermally sensitive OACs that are difficult to access directly from oxidation addition reactions.
Chemical proteomics reveal human off-targets of fluoroquinolone induced mitochondrial toxicity
Authors: Reinhardt Till , Bach Nina C. , Rothemann Alex , Jauch Adrian T. , El Harraoui Yassmine , Müller-Deubert Sigrid , Köllen Martin F. , Risch Timo , Jacobs Lianne H.C. , Müller Rolf , Traube Franziska R. , Docheva Denitsa , Zahler Stefan , Riemer Jan , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: October 2024

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are an important class of potent broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, their general use is more and more limited by adverse side effects. While general mechanisms for the fluoroquinolone-associated disability (FQAD) have been identified, the underlying molecular targets of toxicity remain elusive. In this study, focusing on the most commonly prescribed FQs Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin, whole proteome analyses revealed prominent mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells, specifically of the complexes I and IV of the electron transport chain (ETC). Furthermore, global untargeted chemo-proteomic methodologies such as photo-affinity profiling with FQ-derived probes, as well as derivatization-free thermal proteome profiling, were applied to elucidate human protein off-targets of FQs in living cells. Accordingly, the interactions of FQs with mitochondrial AIFM1 and IDH2 have been identified and biochemically validated for their contribution to mitochondrial dysfunction. Of note, the FQ induced ETC dysfunction via AIFM1 activates the reverse carboxylation pathway of IDH2, however, its simultaneous inhibition triggers mitochondrial toxicity. This off-target discovery study provides unique insights into FQ toxicity enabling the utilization of identified molecular principles for the design of a safer FQ generation.
Effect of Cation-π Interactions on the Phase Behavior and Viscoelastic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Complexes
Authors: Chee Conner , Han Aijie , Ortiz Gileanna , Knight Lexi , Laaser Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Aromatic rings are a common feature of biological and synthetic polymers that form polyelectrolyte complexes and coacervates. These functional groups can engage in cation-π interactions, but the impact of such interactions on the physical properties of polyelectrolyte complex materials is not well-understood. Here, we investigate the effect of cation-π interactions on the phase behavior and viscoelasticity of polyelectrolyte complexes of poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium) (PDADMA), which contain aromatic functional groups on every repeat unit of the PSS polyanion. We prepare samples with matched polymer and/or salt concentrations using salts with different cation-π interaction strengths. Characterization by turbidity, thermogravimetric analysis, and rheology reveals that salts that engage in stronger cationπ interactions destabilize coacervation and speed up the viscoelastic relaxation of the materials. By contrast, polyelectrolyte complexes composed of polymers that do not contain aromatic rings (poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonate) (PAMPS) and PDADMA) are found to be insensitive to the cation-π interaction strength of the salt. These results reveal that cation-π interactions play a significant role in determining the phase behavior and viscoelasticity of polyelectrolyte complexes and coacervates made from polymers with aromatic functional groups, and suggest that cation-π interactions may be a useful molecular handle for tuning coacervate properties.
Seismic site conditions of RESNOM network
Authors: Ávila-Barrientos Lenin , Yegres-Herrera Luis A. , Flores-Estrella Hortencia , Nuñez-Leal M. Alejandra , Gonzalez-Huizar Hector
Published: October 2024

The Northwest Seismic Network of Mexico (RESNOM) is operated by personnel from the Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE), which supervises station installation, improvement, and maintenance. We employed seismic noise and the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method to determine, for each station, the following site condition parameters: the depth of the rock layer (Heng_bed), and the geotechnical parameter VS30, obtained from 1D shear wave velocity models. Other parameters as the fundamental frequency (f0) and the average amplitude at the fundamental frequency (A0) were also estimated. Our results show clear differences between the values obtained for the Mexicali Valley and the Peninsular ranges regions. The VS30 obtained for stations of the Mexicali Valley region falls in the range from 173 m/s to 535 m/s, while for the Peninsular Ranges region is between 213 m/s and 958 m/s. Regarding the Heng_bed parameter, the values are similar between both regions, from 23 m to 850 m for the Peninsular and from 42 m to 926 m for the Mexicali Valley. Additionally, from the VS30 values, we propose the site classification according to the U.S. National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP).
Transformación de procesos y gestión organizacional en una industria textil-confección: propuesta de estrategias para potenciar la eficiencia operativa – estudio de caso
Authors: Maya Salazar Maria Jose , Aguirre Cuervo Jhon Edward , Castrillón Pamplona Karen Ximena
Published: October 2024

El sector textil representa gran importancia en el desarrollo económico del país, debido a que es de las principales industrias de Colombia en términos de oportunidades de empleo especialmente donde la industria tiene fuerte presencia, dicho sector contribuye en el acrecentamiento de las exportaciones Colombianas, contribuyendo al PIB del país, con décadas de experiencia se ha mantenido competitivo en el mercado nacional e internacional gracias al avance tecnológico, a pesar de lo mencionado anteriormente, este campo enfrenta diferentes desafíos los cuales exigen aplicar la mejora continua en las organizaciones para mantener su relevancia y contribuir al desarrollo económico, por esta situación, es crucial que cada compañía siga invirtiendo en innovación y estandarización de procesos. La gestión organizacional y de calidad juegan un papel fundamental para el desarrollo de estas empresas al evaluar aspectos internos y externos impactando en los objetivos, metas y propósitos de las partes interesadas estableciendo elementos necesarios para el éxito empresarial. Por esta razón, es muy importante documentar los procesos internos de la empresa, utilizar herramientas que contribuyan a la sistematización de los mismos con el fin de garantizar un correcto orden y funcionamiento promoviendo la mejora continua de la misma. El presente trabajo es un caso de estudio en una empresa del sector textil-confección en la ciudad de Medellín, la cual actualmente enfrenta una problemática debido a la falta de documentación y estandarización de procesos afectando la estructura organizacional y planificación estratégica provocando mala comunicación en los roles, falta de capacitación a los empleados y menor productividad. El objetivo del proyecto es presentar una propuesta de mejora enfocada en los procesos internos de la organización; Se aplicará una metodología mixta, la cual consiste en utilizar datos cualitativos, cuantitativos y visuales con el fin de tener mejor entendimiento del caso de estudio, dicha metodología se desarrollará en 4 fases, se iniciará con caracterizar los procesos internos de la empresa mediante una visita donde se hará observación directa y recolección de datos, se procederá a realizar un análisis de los resultados obtenidos, se diseñará una propuesta de intervención para finalmente validar con el empresario las posibles propuestas que generen un impacto en el desarrollo de sus actividades y obtengan las herramientas necesarias para generar un mayor nivel de competitividad en el mercado actual.
Representación del ecosistema empresarial de la Pyme para el monitoreo de la excelencia operacional incorporando la I4.0: mockup experimental
Authors: Aguirre Alvarez Yenny Alejandra , Suárez Anzorena Daniel , Pan Nogueras María Laura , Ceballos Yony Fernando
Published: October 2024

Continuamente, las organizaciones enfrentan múltiples desafíos en lo que a eficiencia, eficacia y competitividad se refiere. Las Pymes no escapan a este contexto, sin embargo, para ello se debe direccionar una estrategia clara del negocio que apoye la dinámica de cada empresa, de ahí la importancia de generar modelos de diagnóstico, caracterización y evaluación que lleven a la identificación de patrones de comportamiento orientados a resultados que les permitan potencializar sus indicadores a través de la formación y aplicación de nuevas tecnologías complementarias a los recursos disponibles para su operación. El objetivo de esta propuesta es generar un mockup experimental (modelo de herramienta metodológica) representativo del ecosistema empresarial de la Pyme, que le permita monitorear los parámetros de excelencia operacional (EO) y que incluya aspectos relevantes de la Industria 4.0 (I4.0). Para ello la metodología abordada se divide en cuatro fases: (i) realizar una validación de parámetros, impactos y tendencias en estudios preliminares de metodologías, herramientas de diagnóstico y modelos de aplicación de EO e incorporación I4.0 a través de revisión de literatura y trabajo de campo; (ii) separar en elementos la representación de un ecosistema empresarial en términos de recursos, actores, infraestructura, cultura, gobernabilidad y monitoreo como dimensiones claves de la EO; (iii) definir los parámetros relevantes para modelar los elementos del ecosistema empresarial dentro del entorno de la I4.0; (iv) diseñar el mockup experimental para el monitoreo de la EO. Los principales resultados de esta propuesta son (i) definición del concepto de EO; (ii) matriz de parámetros de excelencia operacional y diagnóstico validados; (iii) representación del ecosistema empresarial de la Pyme para el monitoreo de la excelencia operacional incorporando la I4.0: mockup experimental. Este trabajo investigativo permitió desarrollar las bases para un modelo de herramienta metodológica que permitirá capitalizar esos beneficios y ayudará a sortear los desafíos de las Pymes.
Smart energy soportado por Inteligencia Artificial: un futuro sostenible y eficiente
Authors: Cadena Centeno Manuel Alexander , Benavides Ramírez Luis Gonzalo
Published: October 2024

La convergencia de la inteligencia artificial (IA) y Smart Energy representa un punto crucial en el panorama energético actual. Nos enfrentamos a una encrucijada energética marcada por un crecimiento exponencial de la demanda, impulsado por el desarrollo económico y el aumento de la población, mientras lidiamos con los desafíos del cambio climático y la necesidad imperiosa de reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles. La energía inteligente, basada en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC), abarca una amplia gama de sistemas como redes inteligentes, medidores avanzados y automatización domiciliaria. Estas tecnologías buscan optimizar la producción, distribución y consumo de energía al integrar fuentes renovables y reducir las pérdidas energéticas, factores clave para abordar el impacto ambiental. Por otro lado, la IA emerge como una herramienta disruptiva al analizar grandes volúmenes de datos energéticos para identificar patrones, prever la demanda y desarrollar tecnologías más eficientes. La IA también optimiza la red eléctrica, gestiona la demanda en tiempo real y fomenta el desarrollo de baterías y paneles solares más potentes. A pesar de los beneficios que aporta la IA al sector energético, se plantean desafíos importantes. La seguridad y privacidad de los datos, así como la necesidad de garantizar sistemas justos y equitativos, son aspectos cruciales que deben abordarse. Sin embargo, las oportunidades que ofrece la IA para impulsar el sector energético son significativas, especialmente mediante inversiones en investigación y desarrollo que pueden superar los desafíos existentes. La IA presenta un amplio abanico de oportunidades para optimizar el sistema energético en su totalidad, desde la producción y distribución hasta el consumo final. Entre las aplicaciones más relevantes se encuentran la optimización de la generación de energía, la gestión inteligente de la red eléctrica, la reducción del consumo energético y el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías energéticas. Ejemplos concretos de aplicaciones de IA en el sector energético incluyen la predicción de la demanda de energía por parte de Google DeepMind, el mantenimiento predictivo mediante IBM Watson y la gestión de microredes para aumentar la resiliencia energética. En resumen, la integración de la IA y Smart Energy representa un paso crucial hacia un futuro energético más sostenible, eficiente y resiliente. Aunque existen desafíos y consideraciones importantes, los beneficios tangibles, como la reducción de emisiones y la eficiencia energética mejorada, justifican el esfuerzo y la inversión en esta dirección.
Advance Layoff Notice Provision and the WARN Act
Authors: Fallick Bruce K. , Jacobs Dylan C. , Krolikowski Pawel M.
Published: October 2024

We find that the incidence of advance layoff notice more than doubled in the years following the passage of the federal Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification (WARN) Act. Geographic variation confirms that the act was likely responsible for this increase. We also find that state-level mini-WARN Acts that increased notification coverage had no discernible effect on the incidence of advance notice in these states. But the mini-WARN Act in New York that increased the required length of notice resulted in a commensurate increase in advance notice for affected workers.
Rating indicators as criteria for academic excellence in higher education: Kazakhstani context
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Kudaibergenova Renata , Serikkaliyeva Azhar
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the assessment of criteria and indicators for measuring academic excel-lence within the framework of the international system of assessment of university education. The article examines existing evaluation criteria, including the role of rating systems, and presents examples of foreign initiatives that analyze their interaction with rating assessments. The authors also discuss the idea of creating a Center of Academic Excellence (CAE) in Kazakhstan, based on global experience in implementing academic excellence initiatives. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the starting positions of Kazakhstani universities according to rating indicators, which allows us to draw conclusions about the current state of the academic sector in the country and its place in the global context. Based on expert interviews with top management and teaching staff of leading Kazakhstani universities, the main criteria of academic excellence and their correlation with rating indicators are identified. The article also carried out a SWOT analysis of the position of Kazakhstani universities in the QS World University Rankings 2024 according to key indicators. The research methodology is based on grounded theory ap-plied in qualitative methods. The practical significance of the results of the work lies in the formation of recommendations for improving the positions of Kazakhstani universities in international rankings and strengthening their competitiveness at the global level.
Efficiency Tax Reporting System as Variable Moderation for Digitalization of Tax Compliance
Authors: Indrawan Rizki
Published: October 2024

The goal of this research is to examine the impact of tax digitalization, such as e-filling, and e-billing, on the efficiency of individual taxpayer reporting and tax compliance in the 4.0 era. The presence of tax digitalization as a type of tax administration modernization makes it easier for the general public, particularly taxpayers, to carry out their obligation. This study is a quantitative research. This study's variables include one dependent variable, two independent variables and one variabel moderating. The dependent variable is the tax compliance, while the independent variables are the use e-filling, and e-billing and the moderating variables is efficiency of taxpayer reporting. The population in this study is Individual taxpayers in Kuningan Regency, West Java. The samples in this research are 50 respondents that take the questionnaire with Likert scale as the measurement. This study used incidental sampling, with the research instrument being an online questionnaire distributed via social media. The data analysis method in this study uses Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). According to the findings of this study efficiency tax system has not been proven to moderate the relationship between e-filling and e-billing with the tax compliance.
Comparison of Moving Average and Exponential Smoothing Methods for Estimating the Number of Internet Service Disruptions
Authors: Prastyabudi Wahyu Andy , Shamaradewa Shanggabuana Adhitya
Published: October 2024

Fairly tight competition in telecommunication business requires companies to continue improving the quality of their services, including handling network problems or customer complaints. However, the amount of disturbance that occurs is often unpredictable. Indeed, this condition will impact the allocation of resources and budget for handling customer disturbances in the following period, with uncertainty. This research aims to apply the moving average (MA) and single exponential smoothing (SES) forecasting methods to predict the number of internet service disruptions. The case study used in this paper is an internet service provider company with service coverage in the northern part of Surabaya. The number of disturbances data was collected from January 2022 to May 2022, with 18,453 data in total. The disturbances can be divided into five types: physical, mass, logical, PSB/migration, and others. Forecasting is carried out using the MA method with a period of three months. Meanwhile, forecasting using the SES method was carried out by first determining the alpha value that produces the smallest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) value. The analysis results show that both forecasting methods are relatively effective and efficient in estimating the number of disturbances. Forecasting performance testing was carried out by measuring the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values. The results of forecasting performance measurements show that the SES method is much better than MA for all types of disturbance data, with MAPE values ​​below 2%.