bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Less Is More: Developments in Nanotechnology for Antirestenosis Therapies
Authors: Trepanier Chantal M. , Burke-Kleinman Jonah , Strauss Bradley H. , Santerre J. Paul , Bendeck Michelle P.
Published: May 2023

Despite recent advancements in vascular disease treatments, thrombosis and poor long-term vessel patency remain significant barriers to effective endovascular intervention. Current balloon angioplasty and stenting techniques effectively restore acute blood flow in occluded vessels but have persistent limitations. Damage to the arterial endothelium caused by injury during catheter tracking triggers neointimal hyperplasia and the release of proinflammatory factors leading to increased risk of thrombosis and restenosis. Antirestenotic agents commonly delivered on angioplasty balloons and stents have lowered arterial restenosis rates, but the absence of cell type selectivity significantly delays critical endothelium repair. Targeted delivery of biomolecular therapeutics, coupled with engineered nanoscale excipients, has the potential to redefine cardiovascular interventions by improving long-term efficacy, limiting off-target effects, and reducing costs compared with conventional clinical standards of care. This review analyzes current forms of localized vascular drug delivery, emerging nanoscale therapeutic and excipient strategies, and provides recommendations for future areas of study to advance the treatment of vascular disease through innovations in nanotechnology.
Distinct Roles of DRP1 in Conventional and Alternative Mitophagy in Obesity Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tong Mingming , Mukai Risa , Mareedu Satvik , Zhai Peiyong , Oka Shin-ichi , Huang Chun-Yang , Hsu Chiao-Po , Yousufzai Fawad A.K. , Fritzky Luke , Mizushima Wataru , Babu Gopal J. , Sadoshima Junichi
Published: May 2023

Background:

Obesity induces cardiomyopathy characterized by hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Whereas mitophagy mediated through an Atg7 (autophagy related 7)-dependent mechanism serves as an essential mechanism to maintain mitochondrial quality during the initial development of obesity cardiomyopathy, Rab9 (Ras-related protein Rab-9A)-dependent alternative mitophagy takes over the role during the chronic phase. Although it has been postulated that DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1)-mediated mitochondrial fission and consequent separation of the damaged portions of mitochondria are essential for mitophagy, the involvement of DRP1 in mitophagy remains controversial. We investigated whether endogenous DRP1 is essential in mediating the 2 forms of mitophagy during high-fat diet (HFD)–induced obesity cardiomyopathy and, if so, what the underlying mechanisms are.

Methods:

Mice were fed either a normal diet or an HFD (60 kcal %fat). Mitophagy was evaluated using cardiac-specific Mito-Keima mice. The role of DRP1 was evaluated using tamoxifen-inducible cardiac-specific Drp1knockout (Drp1 MCM) mice.

Results:

Mitophagy was increased after 3 weeks of HFD consumption. The induction of mitophagy by HFD consumption was completely abolished in
Drp1
MCM mouse hearts, in which both diastolic and systolic dysfunction were exacerbated. The increase in LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3)-dependent general autophagy and colocalization between LC3 and mitochondrial proteins was abolished in
Drp1
MCM mice. Activation of alternative mitophagy was also completely abolished in
Drp1
MCM mice during the chronic phase of HFD consumption. DRP1 was phosphorylated at Ser616, localized at the mitochondria-associated membranes, and associated with Rab9 and Fis1 (fission protein 1) only during the chronic, but not acute, phase of HFD consumption.

Conclusions:

DRP1 is an essential factor in mitochondrial quality control during obesity cardiomyopathy that controls multiple forms of mitophagy. Although DRP1 regulates conventional mitophagy through a mitochondria-associated membrane–independent mechanism during the acute phase, it acts as a component of the mitophagy machinery at the mitochondria-associated membranes in alternative mitophagy during the chronic phase of HFD consumption.
Poststroke Lung Infection by Opportunistic Commensal Bacteria Is Not Mediated by Their Expansion in the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Díaz-Marugan Laura , Gallizioli Mattia , Márquez-Kisinousky Leonardo , Arboleya Silvia , Mastrangelo Annalaura , Ruiz-Jaén Francisca , Pedragosa Jordi , Casals Climent , Morales Francisco Javier , Ramos-Romero Sara , Traserra Sara , Justicia Carles , Gueimonde Miguel , Jiménez Marcel , Torres Josep Lluís , Urra Xabier , Chamorro Ángel , Sancho David , de los Reyes-Gavilán Clara G. , Miró-Mur Francesc , Planas Anna M.
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Respiratory and urinary tract infections are frequent complications in patients with severe stroke. Stroke-associated infection is mainly due to opportunistic commensal bacteria of the microbiota that may translocate from the gut. We investigated the mechanisms underlying gut dysbiosis and poststroke infection.

METHODS:

Using a model of transient cerebral ischemia in mice, we explored the relationship between immunometabolic dysregulation, gut barrier dysfunction, gut microbial alterations, and bacterial colonization of organs, and we explored the effect of several drug treatments.

RESULTS:

Stroke-induced lymphocytopenia and widespread colonization of lung and other organs by opportunistic commensal bacteria. This effect correlated with reduced gut epithelial barrier resistance, and a proinflammatory sway in the gut illustrated by complement and nuclear factor-κB activation, reduced number of gut regulatory T cells, and a shift of gut lymphocytes to γδT cells and T helper 1/T helper 17 phenotypes. Stroke increased conjugated bile acids in the liver but decreased bile acids and short-chain fatty acids in the gut. Gut fermenting anaerobic bacteria decreased while opportunistic facultative anaerobes, notably Enterobacteriaceae, suffered an expansion. Anti-inflammatory treatment with a nuclear factor-κB inhibitor fully abrogated the Enterobacteriaceae overgrowth in the gut microbiota induced by stroke, whereas inhibitors of the neural or humoral arms of the stress response were ineffective at the doses used in this study. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory treatment did not prevent poststroke lung colonization by Enterobacteriaceae.

CONCLUSIONS:

Stroke perturbs homeostatic neuro-immuno-metabolic networks facilitating a bloom of opportunistic commensals in the gut microbiota. However, this bacterial expansion in the gut does not mediate poststroke infection.
Hyper-Intertextuality: The Temple Cleansing-Rebuilding Tradition as a Compositional Framework in John’s Gospel
Authors: Lam Tat Yu
Published: May 2023

The term ‘intertextuality’ has been in use in biblical studies for over three decades. However, the study of the relationship of biblical elements (e.g. theme and pattern) in the ot and how it functions as a compositional framework in the nt seems to have gained less attention. This paper, thus, aims to investigate whether the temple cleansing-rebuilding tradition in the ot underlies John’s Gospel as a compositional framework by: (1) introducing the term ‘hyper-intertextuality’; (2) discussing the distinctive pericope of Jesus’ temple cleansing in John’s Gospel; and (3) formulating a comparative method adapted from Halliday’s sociolinguistic theory of context of situation as a heuristic tool.
Silencing Leah: The Construction of Idealised Femininity in The Book of Jubilees
Authors: Syfox Chontel
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the depiction of the matriarch Leah in the Book of Jubilees. It argues that, through a careful rewriting of the Leah tradition found in the Book of Genesis, the author of Jubilees transforms Leah into the model wife, and in doing so provides a discursive reconfiguration of notions about idealised femininity. The silencing of Leah’s voice is central to the transformative rewriting through which the matriarch becomes the perfect wife and the embodiment of idealised femininity in Jubilees.
Paraxonchium carmenae Peña-Santiago & Jiménez-Millán, 1986 revisited four decades later, with new insights into the phylogeny of the genus Paraxonchium Krall, 1958 (Dorylaimida)
Authors: Peña-Santiago Reyes , García-Ruiz Miriam , Liébanas Gracia , Abolafia Joaquín
Published: May 2023

A revised characterisation of the dorylaimid nematode Paraxonchium carmenae is provided, including an updated description, SEM observations and molecular (18S-, 28S-rDNA) analyses. A total of 29 females and 16 males, collected from several mountain natural locations in eastern Andalusia, Spain, are studied. This species is very homogeneous morphologically, but displays wide variations in their morphometrics, although with high coincidence or overlapping when the ranges of different populations are compared. The morphology of the genus Paraxonchium is analysed and discussed, with emphasis on its remarkable interspecific variations. Results of molecular studies show a close relationship of P. carmenae with P. laetificans, the type species of the genus, and tentatively support its monophyly. Nevertheless, neither morphological nor molecular data clear up the uncertainties about its position in the Dorylaimina system.
Monstrous Beauty: Unruly Bodies and Diasporic Plasticity in kate-hers rhee’s The Multiverse Portraits
Authors: Chun Claire
Published: May 2023

This paper offers a close reading of interdisciplinary visual artist kate-hers rhee’s The Multiverse Portraits (2015–2016), a multimedia installation that incorporates photography and drawing in its speculative representation of rhee’s body across imagined parallel universes. I analyze the ways in which rhee appropriates ethnographic tropes and methods as an embodied mode of diasporic critique. By tracing the spectre and spectacle of artificiality and monstrosity that haunt the plastic Korean woman and the “inauthentic,” transracially adopted Korean in The Multiverse Portraits, this paper considers the possibility for diasporic visual art to restage notions of beauty and belonging in terms of illegibility, unruliness, and refusal. This paper animates an alternative genealogy of beauty that demonstrates how the enduring afterlives of the Cold War and US militarism produce monstrous bodies and histories that ultimately transgress the very promise and fantasy of assimilatory inclusion and transnational kinship.
Description of a new species of Ampulicomorpha Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Embolemidae) from Madagascar
Authors: OLMI MASSIMO
Published: May 2023

A new species of Ampulicomorpha Ashmead, A. minima sp. nov., is described from Madagascar, Toliara Province. The female holotype is compared with the known females of all other Afrotropical species of the same genus. A new key to them is presented, together with the first complete multifocal illustration of the females of all Afrotropical species of Ampulicomorpha.
Dynamical Controls on Bottom Water Transport and Transformation across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Schmidgall Carlyn R. , Si Yidongfang , Stewart Andrew L. , Thompson Andrew F. , Hogg Andrew McC.
Published: May 2023

The export of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) supplies the bottom cell of the global overturning circulation and plays a key role in regulating climate. This AABW outflow must cross, and is therefore mediated by, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Previous studies present widely varying conceptions of the role of the ACC in directing AABW across the Southern Ocean, suggesting either that AABW may be zonally recirculated by the ACC, or that AABW may flow northward within deep western boundary currents (DWBC) against bathymetry. In this study the authors investigate how the forcing and geometry of the ACC influences the transport and transformation of AABW using a suite of process-oriented model simulations. The model exhibits a strong dependence on the elevation of bathymetry relative to AABW layer thickness: higher meridional ridges suppress zonal AABW exchange, increase the strength of flow in the DWBC, and reduce the meridional variation in AABW density across the ACC. Furthermore, the transport and transformation vary with density within the AABW layer, with denser varieties of AABW being less efficiently transported between basins. These findings indicate that changes in the thickness of the AABW layer, for example, due to changes in Antarctic shelf processes, and tectonic changes in the sea floor shape may alter the pathways and transformation of AABW across the ACC.

Significance Statement

The ocean plays an outsized role in the movement of heat and trace gases around Earth, and the northward export of dense Antarctic Bottom Water is a crucial component of this climate-regulating process. This study aims to understand what sets the pathways of Antarctic Bottom Water as it travels northward across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, and thus what controls its partitioning between the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific basins. Our results highlight the importance of seafloor elevation relative to the thickness of the Antarctic Bottom Water layer for directing the flow northward versus between basins. This study motivates future investigation of long-term changes in Antarctic Bottom Water properties and their consequences for its global distribution.
Electoral Systems, Partisan Politics, and Income Redistribution: A Critical Quasi-Experiment
Authors: Górecki Maciej A. , Pierzgalski Michał
Published: May 2023

Iversen and Soskice’s notion that electoral rules affect democracies’ propensity for income redistribution is one of the political economy’s most discussed concepts. Yet, it comes with a number of caveats. Most importantly, it is not clear whether electoral rules indeed affect states’ propensity for redistribution or vice versa and thus whether or not Iversen and Soskice’s findings are spurious. In this article, we focus on the critical case of New Zealand’s electoral reform of the 1990s and offer a comprehensive test of Iversen and Soskice’s concept. We employ the recently developed Bayesian alternative to the synthetic control method and compare the relevant dynamics for New Zealand to those of six majoritarian democracies. Our results largely support Iversen and Soskice’s claims; due to the lower prevalence of right (center-right) governments, proportional representation democracies tend to redistribute more than majoritarian ones.
Media Manipulation in Young Democracies: Evidence From the 1989 Brazilian Presidential Election
Authors: Cavgias Alexsandros , Corbi Raphael , Meloni Luis , Novaes Lucas M.
Published: May 2023

We investigate how dominant media networks can manipulate voters in young democracies. During the first presidential election after the democratic transition in Brazil, TV Globo, the largest and most-watched network in the country, unexpectedly manipulated the news coverage of the last debate 2 days before the decisive second round. In a video segment, Globo unfavorably depicted the left-wing candidate, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. Using the geographical distribution of broadcaster-specific TV signals and the timing of election events, we identify the effect of the manipulation net of the effect of the debate itself, showing that Globo’s misleading reporting caused Lula to lose millions of votes. Our results showcase how the media can reshape an election in a single stroke, especially where the media is concentrated and politically inexperienced voters have few other sources of information.
Roles of Formal and Customary Institutions in Environmental Resource Governance and Sustainability along Ethiopia-Kenya Borderlands: Do they Complement or Compete Each Other?
Authors: Defere Girma , Mulugeta Messay , Tolera Teferi
Published: May 2023

This study examined roles of state and indigenous institutions in environmental resource governance along the Ethiopia-Kenya border. We used a qualitative approach to discuss the research objectives. Interviews, focus group discussions and scheduled interviews were used as instruments of data collection. The results demonstrate that the customary institutions have survived and served for generations in defending the rangeland environment from tragic destruction enabled pastoralists to go beyond borders to get ecological benefits of mobility as an adaptive strategy. Now, unlike before, the role of indigenous institution is declining due to a lack of recognition and exploitation by the state apparatus.
The Intersection of Culture and Politics: Understanding Women’s Underrepresentation in Indian Democracy
Authors: Thomas Vineeth , Kaunain Saba
Published: May 2023

The representation of women in Indian politics has been low and inadequate, with women comprising only 14.4% of the members of the 17th Lok Sabha. Despite numerous policy measures aimed at promoting women’s political representation, the underrepresentation of women remains a persistent challenge. This study seeks to understand the intersection of culture and politics in explaining the underrepresentation of women in Indian democracy. The research explores the civic political culture of women’s political participation. The findings suggest that a change in the civic political culture, through a multifaceted approach, is crucial in breaking down the glass ceiling in Indian politics.
Does Parental Absence Harm Children’s Education? Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Viet , Vu Linh Hoang
Published: May 2023

This study analyzes the impacts of parental absence due to migration, death, or divorce on children’s school enrollment in Vietnam. We find children from two-parent families have a better chance of enrolling at all levels of education than those from single-parent families. Within single-family types, the negative effect on children of parental divorce is higher than that of parental death, while the effect of parental migration is the lowest. We find that children living with a single mother tend to have higher school enrollment than those living with a single father, indicating the critical role of mothers in children’s education.

JEL Classification: I1, I2, O1.
Sex and Age Effects on Healthy Gingival Transcriptomic Patterns
Authors: Ebersole J.L. , Kirakodu S.S. , Nguyen L.M. , Gonzalez O.A.
Published: May 2023

Many chronic inflammatory diseases demonstrate demographic associations such as sex, age, and race-ethnicity. Periodontitis has been found to be increased with age and in males. This study used nonhuman primates representing a human-like model for periodontitis and examined the gingival transcriptome stratified on sex and age. Thirty-six Macaca mulatta in 4 age groups—young (<3 y), adolescent (3–7 y), adult (12–15 y), and aged (>17 y)—with a healthy periodontium were used to characterize gene expression in healthy gingival tissues. Gene expression was compared to clinical measures of bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing pocket depth (PPD). The results demonstrated sex differences in number of up- and downregulated genes that increased with age. Female animals generally showed elevated expression of genes related to host immunoinflammatory responses, and males showed increased expression of tissue structural genes. Gene expression correlations with BOP and/or PPD showed minimal overlap between the sexes, while male animals demonstrated substantial overlap in genes that correlated with both BOP and PPD clinical features. A cluster analysis of genes significantly different between sexes showed a clear sex and age discrimination in the young and adolescent animals. In the older groups, the genes clustered predominately by sex, irrespective of age group. A pathway analysis identified that significant gene expression patterns were quite similar in adolescent and adult animals, while the young and aged samples were quite distinct. The results confirmed substantial sex related variations in gingival tissue biology that were affected by age and observed even in adolescent animals. This suggests that “programming” of the gingival tissues related to sex can occur rather early in life and presage variations in future risk for periodontitis.
Effects of Time Pressure, Reward, and Information Involvement on User Management of Fake News on a Social Media Platform
Authors: Wang Zhecheng , Yu Ruifeng
Published: May 2023

This study examined the effects of time pressure, reward, and information involvement on individual fact-checking behavior within a social media platform. We used a four-factor mixed-design experiment to examine fact-checking performances of 144 participants for 36 ambiguous social platform statements, all of which were news statements of social events or of common-sense knowledge collected from the internet and selected through pre-test screening. We measured the participants’ total number of fact-checked statements and their judgment accuracy of those statements. We also measured participants’ decision time for making judgments, and their judgment confidence levels. Participants’ social presence, time pressure, and information involvement were significantly related to the number of statements they fact-checked. Their perceived social presence on a social media platform reduced their fact-checking. Time pressure increased the frequency of fact-checking and weakened the impact of social presence. Participants were less likely to fact-check statements when they had high involvement with the information, due to overconfidence. Statements with high information involvement had longer decision-making times. These findings provide a basis for designing ways to display and push information to increase an individual’s awareness of a need to fact-check ambiguous information in a new social media environment.
Increasing Visibility of Sickle Cell Disease in Indiana: Establishing Baseline Prevalence Using Integrated Data From Multiple Sources
Authors: Okolo Amanda I. , Jacob Seethal A. , Dixon Brian E. , Valvi Nimish R. , Janson Isaac A. , Hardesty Brandon M.
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The Indiana Sickle Cell Data Collection (IN-SCDC) program aims to provide timely, reliable, and locally relevant information on the sickle cell disease (SCD) population in Indiana to inform public health interventions, research, and policy development. We describe the development of the IN-SCDC program and report the prevalence and geographic distribution of people with SCD in Indiana using an integrated data collection approach.

Methods:

Using multiple integrated data sources and case definitions established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we classified cases of SCD in Indiana during 2015-2019. We calculated the prevalence and incidence of SCD and described characteristics of people with SCD.

Results:

We identified 1695 people living with SCD in Indiana during the study period. The median age of people living with SCD was 21 years, and 1474 (87.0%) were Black or African American. Most (n = 1596, 91%) resided in metropolitan counties. The age-adjusted prevalence of SCD was 24.7 cases per 100 000 people. The prevalence of SCD among Black or African American people was 209.3 per 100 000 people. The incidence was 1 in 2608 live births overall and 1 in 446 live births among Black or African American people. Eighty-six deaths were confirmed in this population during 2015-2019.

Conclusions:

Our results establish a baseline for the IN-SCDC program. Baseline and future surveillance program efforts will help accurately inform standards of care for treatments, identify gaps in coverage and access to care, and provide guidance for legislators and community-based organizations.
Warp control devices and tension for triaxial woven fabric with carbon fiber
Authors: Rao Yunfei , Li Zhe , Zhu Feichao , Yu Bin , Li Wei
Published: May 2023

In the weaving process of triaxial woven fabric (TWF), warp yarns need to be moved in different directions at each weaving step, which makes it difficult to control the warp tension. Furthermore, the friction of carbon fiber will lead to fuzzing and fracture of yarns in the manufacturing process, which brings challenges to the weaving of TWF with carbon fiber. Here, we have designed a warp control system for weaving TWF with carbon fiber. It includes a let-off mechanism and fabric winding device, which have been demonstrated to realize the continuous weaving of TWF with different specifications of carbon fiber (1k, 3k, 6k, 12k, 24k). The let-off mechanism meets the needs of moving the warp at each weaving step and keeping the carbon fiber in its the original shape. The compensation length ([Formula: see text]) and warp tension during interweaving could be adjusted by the polyester filament and the number of weights ([Formula: see text]), respectively. The fabric winding device can take up the formed fabric by controlling the stepping motor. Moreover, the relationships between the control parameters of the stepping motor ([Formula: see text]) and the width of carbon fiber ([Formula: see text]) have been established.
Latin American Social Integration as a Methodological Lens for Francis’s Teaching
Authors: Arenas Sandra
Published: May 2023

Over the past ten years of Francis’s pontificate, a transversal axis cutting across all his writings is his appreciation for the importance of social integration in Latin America. For the pope, humanity must gradually move toward greater and better forms of encounter, integration, and inclusion—that is, toward the “Great Homeland.” His experiences in South America have led him to a contextually situated conviction about the importance of concrete encounter and inclusion that has transferred to his universal teaching and, in this sense, forged his pontifical teaching from the margins. Turning to a specific corpus of papal texts written for Latin American people, we will analyze the methodological assumptions of this whole program of integration thought for the global community.
When Tourists are Angry or Fearful: (In)Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation in Changing Behavioral Intention
Authors: Tan Karen Pei-Sze , Li Xiang (Robert)
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the efficacy of emotion regulation (ER) strategies used by tourists to manage negative emotions elicited by their on-site destination experiences. Specifically, suppression and reappraisal ER strategies were examined for their moderating impacts on the relationship between negative emotions (anger and fear) and tourists’ behavioral intention (negative word-of-mouth and revisitation). Through two pre-tests and three experiments involving video and text stimuli, findings are first revealed within a destination crowding context and replicated using tourist harassment. Empirical results in both contexts consistently demonstrate the superiority of reappraisal in down-regulating tourists’ experience of anger and fear and in alleviating negative word-of-mouth intention. In contrast, suppression significantly up-regulates the anger and fear felt and, as such, aggravates negative word-of-mouth intention. Findings also suggest that ER does not significantly moderate the effect of fear on revisit intention. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Needing Space During Lockdown: A Test of Relational Turbulence Theory in the Context of Conversations About Physical and Emotional Space During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dorrance-Hall Elizabeth , Sharabi Liesel , Roaché David J. , James-Hawkins Laurie , Croft Alyssa , Alexopoulos Cassandra , Lamarche Veronica M. , Uhlich Maximiliane , Timmermans Elisabeth
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic upended home life for couples across the globe. Many couples faced increased relational uncertainty and interference from a partner as a result of stay at home and lockdown orders. This study uses relational turbulence theory to examine how (a) relational uncertainty and (b) partner interdependence are associated with cognitions and emotions about needing space conversations with a partner. We examine links between perceptions of needing space conversations and relational turbulence. In the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, 609 adults in a romantic relationship from 29 countries completed an online survey. Relationship uncertainty was negatively associated with relational cognitions (i.e., solidarity and intimacy), and interference from a partner was associated with more intense hopeful feelings about needing space conversations. Relational cognitions were associated with reduced relational turbulence, and hope was associated with higher relational turbulence. Theoretical implications for relational turbulence theory and practical implications for couples are discussed.
The Effect of Dynamic Norms Messages and Group Identity on Pro-Environmental Behaviors
Authors: Chung Minwoong , Lapinski Maria Knight
Published: May 2023

This study investigates the influence of dynamic norms messages on behavioral intention via perceived future descriptive norms for two different pro-environmental behaviors and tests for the moderating role of group identity in the relationship between dynamic norms and behavior. The findings of an experiment show that perceived future descriptive norms mediate the effect of dynamic norms messages on behavioral intention. In addition, the pattern of dynamic norms message effects is dependent on group identity. When the reference group in a message is viewed as an in-group member and similar to oneself, dynamic norms messages are more influential than conventional low descriptive norms messages; on the other hand, when the reference group is perceived as an out-group and dissimilar to oneself, conventional low descriptive norms messages are more influential than dynamic norms messages. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The influence of the political attitudes of workers and the effect of the Great Recession on the decision to join a trade union in Southern Europe
Authors: Sánchez-Mosquera Marcial
Published: May 2023

One of the distinctive characteristics of the trade union model in Southern Europe is the clear political persuasion of the dominant confederations (mainly left-wing) and, with the exception of Italy, their low membership density. The Great Recession ushered in a period of confrontation between unions and governments over the application of austerity policies and radical reforms deregulating the labour market, creating a hostile environment for unions, which responded by intensifying their discourse and socio-political action in order to call for the support of workers and alliances with other left-wing organisations. This article, based on data from the European Social Survey, analyses the importance of the political attitudes of workers as a determining factor of unionisation in Italy, Portugal and Spain over a significant period, from 2002 to 2018. The results obtained reveal an important influence of political attitudes on unionisation in Southern Europe, especially in Portugal. However, other variables also affected unionisation, notably the negative influence of precarious forms of employment and the conjunction of the recessionary economic cycle and neoliberal reforms that took place during the Great Recession.
Nasty and Noble Notes: Interdependence Structures Drive Self-Serving Gossip
Authors: Dores Cruz Terence D. , van der Lee Romy , Bechtoldt Myriam N. , Beersma Bianca
Published: May 2023

Much information people receive about others reaches them via gossip. But is this gossip trustworthy? We examined this in a scenario study ( Nsenders = 350, Nobservations = 700) and an interactive laboratory experiment ( Nsenders = 126; Nobservations = 3024). In both studies, participants played a sequential prisoner’s dilemma where a gossip sender observed a target’s (first decider’s) decision and could gossip about this to a receiver (second decider). We manipulated the interdependence structure such that gossipers’ outcomes were equal to targets’ outcomes, equal to receivers’ outcomes, or independent. Compared to no interdependence, gossip was more often false when gossipers were interdependent with targets but not when interdependent with receivers. As such, false positive gossip (self-serving when interdependent with targets) increased but false negative gossip (self-serving when interdependent with receivers) did not. In conclusion, the interdependence structure affected gossip’s trustworthiness: When gossipers’ outcomes were interdependent with targets, gossip was less trustworthy.
“A Patchwork of Data Systems”: Quilting as an Analytic Lens and Stabilizing Practice for Knowledge Infrastructures
Authors: Thomer Andrea K. , Rayburn Alexandria J.
Published: May 2023

Museums and archives rely on databases and similar technologies to manage their collections, but even when tailor-made for memory institutions, databases require considerable adaptation to remain usable over long periods of time. To better understand how collection staff maintain and migrate databases over multiple years and decades, we talked to archivists from the US-based Archon User Collaborative and collection managers from the University of Michigan Research Museums. We found that the collection staff uses terms taken from quilting for database curation: they “tie” and “weave” a “patchwork of data systems” together. We extend their quilting metaphor as an analytical lens and show what can be gained through a shift in framing database work as a craft. We describe database curation as a process of creating a quilted infrastructure: a long-lived knowledge system that is sustained by the use of multiple “digital surfaces,” a reliance on a community of practice, intergenerational transfer of “quilts,” and by leveraging invisibility to conduct work. We argue that this nonnormative mode of computing needs better support from both software developers and administrators. We also show that although the invisibility of craft practices offers practitioners independence, it also can increase their precarity.
How patients with advanced cancer conceptualize prognosis: A phenomenological qualitative inquiry
Authors: Polacek Laura C , Saracino Rebecca M , Walsh Leah E , Jutagir Devika R , Costas-Muniz Rosario , Applebaum Allison J , Rosenfeld Barry
Published: May 2023

Background:

Despite the importance of accurate prognostic understanding in patients with advanced cancer, there is little consensus around how to conceptualize and measure the multidimensional construct. Most studies focus on single aspects of prognostic understanding (e.g., curability) that clinicians have identified as important; no previous research has asked patients how they define “prognosis.”

Aim:

The present study examined how patients with advanced cancer conceptualize their “prognosis.” It also explored how patients assigned value to prognostic information and the impact of prognosis on life perspectives.

Design:

A phenomenological approach was used to analyze semi-structured interviews with individuals with advanced cancer to examine how patients define prognosis.

Setting/participants:

English and Spanish-speaking patients with advanced cancer ( N = 29) were recruited from ambulatory clinics at a comprehensive cancer center in New York City.

Results:

To conceptualize prognosis, patients focused on concrete medical data, anticipated survival and quality of life, impact on meaningful life events, uncertainty, and physician affect. They discussed the importance of maintaining normalcy despite prognosis, knowledge as a form of coping, information reframing, and altered decision-making as means of coping with prognostic information.

Conclusions:

Given the range of ways patients define prognosis and assign value to prognostic information, clinicians should incorporate a thorough assessment of patient information preferences, values, and coping styles when engaging in end-of-life discussions. Trainings should emphasize the importance of nonverbal cues (i.e., affect management, body language) in prognostic disclosure.
The Ten Most Influential Women Scholars in Health Promotion
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: May 2023

This article features 10 of the most influential women scholars in health promotion: Drs Shiriki Kumanyika, Andrea Gielen, Leslie B. Hammer, Peggy A. Hannon, Sara Johnson, Michelle C. Kegler, Laura A. Linnan, Keshia Pollack Porter, Anastasia M. Snelling, and Glorian Sorensen. Other of the most influential researchers specializing in health promotion authored brief biographies of these extraordinary women summarizing what they are best known for and explaining how their influence on this profession will continue to be felt in the years ahead. I reflect on the merits of celebrating women in leadership and how women are shaping the health promotion discipline.
Evaluation of Safety Outcomes of Undiluted Levetiracetam Intravenous Push Compared to Intravenous Piggyback
Authors: Shim Ashley , Radparvar Sara , Davis Nicole , Kaplan Andrew , Kantaris Kyriaki , Devlin Amanda , Liang John , Ciummo Francesco
Published: May 2023

Background: Breakthrough seizures and status epilepticus require urgent management. Administration of intravenous push (IVP) levetiracetam has been demonstrated to be safe as compared to intravenous piggyback (IVPB). This transition can potentially offer faster time to administration and reduced drug and material cost. The objective of this study was to observe safety of administration in patients receiving levetiracetam via IVP compared to IVPB in acute care settings. Methods: This is a multi-center, observational, retrospective cohort study of 1214 adult patients who received levetiracetam pre- and post-implementation of IVP over a 6 month timespan. Primary outcome was time from order verification to administration of urgent first-time doses. Secondary outcomes included time to administration of loading doses and cost. Safety outcome was infusion site related reactions. Results: Time from order verification to administration of urgent first-time doses pre- and post-implementation of IVP administration was reduced from 61 minutes to 47 minutes ( P=0.0002). Infusion site related reactions were observed in 6 out of 5432 doses in the IVPB arm and in 5 out of 4700 doses in the IVP arm ( P=1). Total estimated cost was $76,171.96 for the 5449 IVPB total doses and $11,484.33 for the 4721 IVP total doses. Conclusions: Transition from IVPB to IVP administration reduced time from order verification to administration of urgent first-time doses with both administrations having similar incidence of infusion site related reactions. Cost savings and improved workflow were observed. Levetiracetam administered via IVP may be considered as a safe alternative method of administration in the acute care setting.
(De)legitimation of COVID-19 vaccination narratives on Facebook comments in Romania: Beyond the co-occurrence patterns of discursive strategies
Authors: Cmeciu Camelia
Published: May 2023

The postmodern medical paradigm has empowered online users in the (de)legitimating process of health-related topics. By employing a co-occurrence analysis, this study identifies the thematic patterns used by Romanian online users in their multimodal comments to the #storiesfromvaccination Facebook campaign run by the Romanian government. The findings show that the commenters assessed source credibility through two thematic patterns: ‘source exemplarity’ and ‘source distrust’. Health experts were more legitimized than laypersons and role models as sources in the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Two thematic patterns emerged in the assessment of vaccination, namely: ‘immunization – past and present challenges’ and ‘vaccination supporter versus opponent cleavage’. In the discussion on immunization, a polarization between a nostalgic longing for the past and a present corrupted medical and political system prevailed, whereas the important feature of discursive antagonism could be observed in the latter thematic pattern. The co-occurrences of (de)legitimation strategies are explained with reference to the political and medical context, along with the challenges of social media usage in online vaccination communication campaigns.
Talking about picturebooks in libraries’ language cafes
Authors: Kristine Tveit Åse , Johnston Jamie
Published: May 2023

How might picturebooks serve as reading and conversation materials in language cafes for international immigrants aiming to learn the local language? How might these books help foster meaningful exchanges between program volunteers and participants, and what might the broader significance of this be for immigrant inclusion and integration? To gain insight into these questions, this study investigates the experiences of volunteers and participants with using picturebooks as a basis for conversation at language cafes in Norwegian public libraries. The study is based on participant observation and qualitative interviews with language café volunteers and participants. Picturebook theory on representation of emotions serves as the theoretical lens for analyzing the selected texts used at the different language cafes. The findings reveal that a broad range of picturebooks are used for reading and conversation at language cafes and their use is generally experienced as fruitful by the participants, especially for learning new words and engaging in visual narratives. The experience of using picturebooks varies for volunteers, from pure joy to discontent, depending on whether they found the selected books interesting or useful for engaging with the participants. The study concludes that picturebooks can work well for facilitating dialog at language cafes, however the successful use of them depends on the competent selection of books.
Intensive care unit professionals’ responses to a new moral conflict assessment tool: A qualitative study
Authors: Joolaee Soodabeh , Cook Deborah , Kozak Jean , Dodek Peter
Published: May 2023

Background

Moral distress is a serious problem for health care personnel. Surveys, individual interviews, and focus groups may not capture all of the effects of, and responses to, moral distress. Therefore, we used a new participatory action research approach—moral conflict assessment (MCA)—to characterize moral distress and to facilitate the development of interventions for this problem.

Aim

To characterize moral distress by analyzing responses of intensive care unit (ICU) personnel who participated in the MCA process.

Research Design

In this qualitative study, we invited all ICU personnel at 3 urban hospitals to participate in individual or group sessions using the 8-step MCA tool. These sessions were facilitated by either a clinical ethicist or a counseling psychologist who was trained in this process. During each session, one of the researchers took notes and prepared a report for each MCA which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Participants and Research Context

A total of 24 participants took part in 15 sessions, individually or in groups; 14 were nurses and nurse leaders, 2 were physicians, and 8 were other health professionals.

Ethical Considerations

This study was approved by the Providence Health Care/University of British Columbia Behavioural Research Ethics Board. Each participant provided written informed consent.

Results

The main causes of moral distress related to goals of care, communication, teamwork, respect for patient’s preferences, and the managerial system. Suggested solutions included communication strategies and educational activities for health care providers, patients, family members, and others about teamwork, advance directives, and end-of-life care. Participants acknowledged that using the MCA process helped them to reflect on their own thoughts and use their moral agency to turn a distressing situation into a learning and improvement opportunity.

Conclusions

Using the MCA tool helped participants to characterize their moral distress in a systematic way, and to arrive at new potential solutions.
Towards “Strong” Multimodality: How Graphic Novels Can Help Us Rethink Modes
Authors: Lehtonen Miikka J. , Putkonen Samuel
Published: May 2023

Prior literature has highlighted the multimodal nature of organizations and organizing. However, management and organization studies continue to be guided by institutionalized conventions that prioritize words over other modes. This overreliance on words has resulted in “weak” multimodality that treats modes sequentially and often favors one mode over others. In this essay, we use play as a theoretical lens to explore how researchers can use the graphic novel to blend modes to extend “strong” multimodality. By focusing on the liminality of words and images in graphic novels, we make two critical contributions to multimodal research. First, we identify three graphic novels’ affordances researchers can use in MOS to attend to embodied and affective experiences ( eroticize), contextualize when one mode is insufficient ( narrativize), and demonstrate new ways of inquiry ( theorize). Second, we elucidate how these affordances emerge from the researcher's playful engagement with modes to explore how they might work together.
Primary Angiosarcoma of the Breast Diagnosed on Core Needle Biopsy: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Yang Ying , Dong Yuan , Wu Jian’e , Li Jun , Wang Zhiyuan , Ma Yun
Published: May 2023

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is very rare and difficult to pathologically diagnose especially on core needle biopsy. Only 11 cases of breast primary angiosarcoma diagnosed on core needle biopsy have been reported in English literature of last 5 years. We reported a case of primary angiosarcoma of the breast diagnosed on core needle biopsy and summarized the useful morphological clues in literature which prompted the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. A 50-year-old woman presented with a palpable mass in her left breast for a year. She never received breast surgery or radiotherapy before. Microscopically, the core needle biopsy specimen displayed interanastomosing vascular spaces that dissected through the mammary stroma and adipose tissue. The vascular channels were mostly lined by a single layer of endothelial cells with a mild degree of nuclear atypia, whereas focally, the endothelia were multilayered, with tufting and formation of glomerulus-like structures. CD31, CD34, and ERG immunochemical stain highlighted the endothelial cells lining on the vascular spaces. The Ki67 index was about 10%, and MYC was negative. Primary angiosarcomas have significant overlaps of morphological features with benign and borderline vascular lesions. Anastomosing vascular spaces, cytologic atypia, endothelial mitotic activity, infiltration of glandular parenchyma, elevated Ki-67, and high cellularity are all useful clues to diagnose angiosarcomas. Among them, anastomosing vascular spaces with infiltrated growth pattern especially invasion into the breast intralobular stroma and adipose tissue was the most common character of angiosarcomas which alert the possibility of malignancy in core needle biopsy. However, an accurate diagnosis demands integration of various histological clues and multidisciplinary discussion.
Negative Mood Dysregulation Loads Strongly Onto Common Factors With Many Forms of Psychopathology: Considerations for Assessing Nonspecific Symptoms
Authors: Stanton Kasey , Balzen Kennedy M. , DeFluri Christine , Brock Peyton , Levin-Aspenson Holly F. , Zimmerman Mark
Published: May 2023

There have been proposals to expand definitions for categorical disorders and dimensionally conceptualized syndromes (e.g., psychopathy) to include negative mood lability and dysregulation (NMD). Factor analytic results are often presented in support of these proposals, and we provide factor analytic demonstrations across clinically oriented samples showing that NMD indicators load strongly onto factors with a range of psychopathology. This is unsurprising from a transdiagnostic perspective but shows that factor analysis could potentially be used to justify expanding definitions for specific constructs even though NMD indicators show strong, nonspecific loadings on psychopathology factors ranging widely in nature. Expanding construct definitions and assessment approaches to emphasize NMD also may negatively impact discriminant validity. We agree that targeting NMD is essential for comprehensive assessment, but our demonstrative analyses highlight a need for using factor analysis and other statistical methods in a careful, theoretically driven manner when evaluating psychopathology structure and developing measures.