bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CURRENT TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS
Authors: Aivazova Elena Sergeevna , Dorofeeva Elena Nikolaevna , Kuznetsova Irina Borisovna
Published: September 2024

This research paper presents an analysis of the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field transformation of physical culture and sports. The relevance is due to the timing of the execution of this order: from 2024 to 2030. The metric and criteria for measuring the degree of effectiveness of the implementation of the action plan within the framework of a higher-level order are given. The degree of methodological elaboration of the goals, objectives and expected results of the projects indicated in the materials of the order is indicated. In the conclusion of the research work, the author's vision of the subject of regulation of this normative legal act is presented and a conclusion is formulated on it.
CLINICAL CASE OF MANAGING A PATIENT WITH VACTERL ASSOCIATION
Authors: Dubova Darya Alekseevna , Salnikova Anastasiya Vadimovna , Polikarpova Irina Ivanovna , Polikarpov Vladimir Vasilyevich , Gracheva Marina Nikolaevna
Published: September 2024

VACTERL association is considered as a syndrome with a non-random combination of various developmental anomalies in one patient. A review of the scientific literature is presented. The clinical case is a patient with incomplete VACTERL association with predominant involvement of the skeletal system in combination with congenital hypoplasia of the right lung. The article reflects the experience of doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease.
CLINICAL CASE OF NON-IMMUNE FETAL HYDROPS IN A NEWBORN CHILD FROM A MOTHER WHO HAD SARS-COV-2 DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Polikarpova Irina Ivanovna , Panova Elena Anatolyevna , Petrov Mikhail Yurievich , Lyzhina Evfrosiniya Grigorievna
Published: September 2024

The article describes a clinical case of a newborn with non-immune hydrops fetalis. The well-known etiology of the development of non-immune fetal hydrops is: chromosomal abnormalities, congenital malformations, pathology of the cardiovascular system, pathology of the respiratory system, as well as TORCH infections. Interest in this problem is caused by the low incidence of this disease.
BIOINDICATOR CAPABILITIES OF LICHEN FLORA IN CREATING AN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Ryabinina Zinaida Nikolaevna , Ivanova Elena Alekseevna , Sidorkin Vladimir Alexandrovich , Vasilyeva Tatyana Nikolaevna
Published: September 2024

The article presents information about the bioindicator capabilities of lichen flora under conditions of anthropogenic impact on the urban environment and human economic activity in the vicinity of Orenburg. The qualitative and quantitative ratio of the species composition of life forms allows us to conclude that there is moderate pollution in the study area.
Optimizing E-Commerce Pricing Strategies: A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Customer Satisfaction
Authors:   College of Graduate and Professional Studies Trine University, USA, Chowdhury Md Salim , Shak Md Shujan ,   Master of science in information technology, Washington University of science and technology, USA, Devi Suniti ,   Department of Management Science and Quantitative Methods, Gannon University, USA, Miah Md Rashel ,   Department of Digital Communication and Media/Multimedia, Westcliff University, USA, Mamun Abdullah Al ,   Department of Computer & Info Science, Gannon University, Erie, Pennsylvania, USA, Ahmed Estak ,   Department Of Computer Science, Monroe College, New Rochelle, New York, USA, Sheleh Hera Sk Abu ,   Ketner School of Business, Trine University, USA, Mahmud Fuad ,   Department of Information Assurance and Cybersecurity, Gannon University, USA, Mozumder MD Shahin Alam ,   Master of science in information technology, Washington University of science and Technology, USA
Published: September 2024

Optimizing pricing strategies in e-commerce through machine learning is crucial for enhancing customer satisfaction and achieving business success. This study evaluates the effectiveness of five machine learning models—Linear Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Neural Networks—in refining e-commerce pricing strategies using a dataset of historical transaction records. Models were assessed based on Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), R-squared (R²), and F1-Score.Neural Networks demonstrated superior performance with the lowest MAE (0.126), RMSE (0.155), and the highest R² (0.84) and F1-Score (0.88), highlighting its capacity to model complex, non-linear relationships. However, its high computational demands may limit its feasibility for some businesses. In contrast, Random Forest, with an MAE of 0.130, RMSE of 0.160, R² of 0.82, and F1-Score of 0.86, offers a balanced alternative, combining strong performance with greater interpretability. The findings emphasize the importance of choosing a machine learning model that aligns with business needs, resource constraints, and the trade-off between accuracy and interpretability. Integrating these models can optimize pricing strategies, better meet customer expectations, and improve business outcomes.
Numerical comparisons of exponential expressions: The saliency of the base component
Authors: Feder Ami , Lozin Mariya , Neumann Nadav , Pinhas Michal
Published: September 2024

Exponential expressions represent series that grow at a fast pace such as carbon pollution and the spread of disease. Despite their importance, people tend to struggle with these expressions. In two experiments, participants chose the larger of two exponential expressions as quickly and accurately as possible. We manipulated the distance between the base/power components and their compatibility. In base-power compatible pairs, both the base and power of one expression were larger than the other (e.g., 23 vs. 34), while in base-power incompatible pairs, the base of one expression was larger than the base in the other expression but the relation between the power components of the two expressions was reversed (e.g., 32 vs. 24). Moreover, while in the first experiment the larger power always led to the larger result, in the second experiment we introduced base-result congruent pairs as well. Namely, the larger base led to the larger result. Our results showed a base-power compatibility effect, which was also larger for larger power distances (Experiments 1–2). Furthermore, participants processed the base-result congruent pairs faster and more accurately than the power-result congruent pairs (Experiment 2). These findings suggest that while both the base and power components are processed when comparing exponential expressions, the base is more salient. This exemplifies an incorrect processing of the syntax of exponential expressions, where the power typically has a larger mathematical contribution to the result of the expression.
Predictors of therapeutic adherence in psychiatric inpatients with schizophrenia
Authors:   “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Obregia” Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania, Bucur Mara-Aurelia ,   “Carol Davila University” of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives. The current research aims to better understand patients’ adherence rates to medication and the predictors for such behaviors. Low adherence to antipsychotics has been an issue for the longest time, being up to 70% in some cases, and it is linked to worsening symptoms, relapse, a greater use of emergency psychiatric services, higher costs, and poor outcomes. The study sample was divided into 2 groups based on their attitude towards medication (adherent and nonadherent group), and we strived to find correlations between them and certain demographics, lifestyles, or treatments. The purpose of this paper was to obtain results that would provide valuable insights into the understanding and approach of schizophrenia patients when it comes to antipsychotic treatment and overall well-being. Materials and methods. The data was collected by reviewing previous medical records, conducting semi-structured interviews, and using the DAI-10 questionnaire (a self-report questionnaire) to obtain adherence levels. Simultaneously, we obtained data from the medical staff, family members, and friends of the patients when possible. Results. In this study, it was found a significant correlation between nonadherence and living arrangements, with nonadherent patients diagnosed with schizophrenia being more likely to live alone (p-value of 0.039 and a 95% CI of 0.008 to 0.881). In addition, nonadherent individuals had a significantly higher number of hospital admissions compared to the compliant group (p-value of 0.041 and a 95% CI of 0.824 to 0.996). There wasn’t a significant correlation between adherence and other socio-demographic factors (age, gender, living environment, educational level, employment, and marital status) or medical history and treatment (age of onset, duration of illness, antipsychotic medication, and method of administration). Conclusions. These findings highlight the great morbidity and isolation that comes with this kind of illness. Even though it’s a rare disease, it carries great suffering and economic costs. Further studies should focus on using multiple methods simultaneously in assessing treatment compliance, especially objective methods, and conduct more longitudinal studies than cross-sectional with bigger study samples.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Container Shortage in Tanjung Priok Port, Jakarta
Authors: Hoerunisa Yuyun , Syamsya Sijabat Eduard Alfian , Setyawati Aswanti
Published: September 2024

The pandemic has put pressure on global maritime supply chain activities resulting in slowdowns and delays. This is reflected in the container crisis, which has caused a shortage of containers at Indonesia's busiest port, Tanjung Priok Port. This study aims to identify the factors that contribute to container shortages based on the perspectives of strategic partners who are considered a relevant source of information on the phenomenon. The study also seeks to determine the extent of the impact of container shortages and identify appropriate solutions. The study employs a qualitative, descriptive methodology and utilizes Nvivo software to provide a comprehensive visualization of the data. Seven informants were selected for this study using purposive sampling. The data collected through interviews revealed that the shortage of containers was caused by congestion, lockdowns, trade imbalances, container imbalances, demand and supply imbalances, and a shortage of vessel space. Based on the analysis, the lockdown has had a significant impact. The shortage of containers has disrupted export activities with the highest coverage level, and container repositioning is the most effective solution compared to others.
Dental and Oral Health Education Model as an Educational Media in Improving Parental Behavior towards Persistence in the Pendang Community Health Center Work Area
Authors: Fitrati Dinul , Sunardjo Lanny , Santoso Bedjo
Published: September 2024

Dental health is an integral part of overall health. Parental knowledge is essential in underlying the formation of attitudes and behaviors that support or do not support children's dental and oral health. Children's milk teeth are essential in the child's growth and development process. Technological developments impact society in Indonesia, particularly in the field of information and communication technology. Today's relevant media is technologically based. This research aims to produce a Dental and Oral Health Education Model as an educational model for improving parental behavior toward persistence. The study design employed is a quasi-experimental Pretest-Posttest group design, and the methodology is research and development. This study includes knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors as variables. Two groups comprised the research subjects: 22 participants received the Dental and Oral Education Model as an intervention, while 22 participants received animated video media as a control. Wilcoxon and Mann- Whitney tests were performed on the data. The validation test results were 92%, which means that the dental and oral health education model is suitable as a medium for dental health education, and the unpaired test results stated that its implementation was effective in increasing knowledge (Δ3.82), attitudes (Δ5.91), actions (Δ1.77). The Dental and Oral Health Education Model was proven to be feasible and its implementation effective as an effort to increase parental behavior toward persistence compared to the control group.
Audit Quality and its Determinants: Study the Factors that Influence Audit Quality, Including Auditor Independence, Firm Size, and Regulatory Environment
Authors: Akuoko-Sarpong Roland , Tawiah Gyasi Stephen , Affram Hannah
Published: September 2024

Audit quality refers to the accuracy and reliability of audit reports issued by auditors. It is influenced by various factors related to auditors, audit firms, and the regulatory environment. This study aims to examine the key determinants of audit quality with a focus on auditor independence, firm size, and regulatory oversight. Prior studies have documented mixed evidence on the relationship between these factors and audit quality. While larger audit firms are generally expected to have more resources and capabilities to conduct high-quality audits, their independence could be compromised due to client pressure and non-audit service fees. Independence issues also arise for long- tenured auditors who develop close ties with client management over time. Meanwhile, stronger regulatory requirements and oversight are intended to enhance auditors' accountability and discipline but may constrain professional judgment. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights from the Indonesian context. A survey will be administered to audit partners and directors of public accounting firms as well as finance officers of listed companies to gather their perceptions on factors influencing audit quality in Indonesia. The survey responses will be analyzed using regression analysis to examine the relative impact of auditor independence, firm size, and regulatory environment on audit quality dimensions. The results are expected to offer implications for policymakers and regulators in further enhancing audit quality within the Indonesian audit market. They may also shed light on best practices for other developing countries seeking to strengthen their audit oversight framework and professional standards.
The Erosion of Journalistic Integrity: How AI-Driven Fake News and Deepfakes Complicate Truth Verification in Journalism
Authors: Uthman Samad
Published: September 2024

The introduction and consequent proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deepfakes have created new challenges for journalists worldwide. These technologies have made it alarmingly easy to generate and disseminate fake news, complicating the verification process and undermining journalistic integrity. The rapid spread of AI-driven misinformation not only burdens journalists with the task of distinguishing fact from fiction but also erodes public trust in the media. This paper explores the implications of AI and deepfakes on truth verification in journalism, highlighting the ethical dilemmas faced by journalists in this new digital landscape. By examining the impact on public perception and the challenges of maintaining credibility, the study underscores the need for robust verification tools and ethical guidelines to safeguard the integrity of journalism in the age of AI.
The Influence of Social Media on Education
Authors: A Hattikar Akshata , S Bagi Janhavi
Published: September 2024

The use of social media has been rapidly growing over the past several years. Not only do working people utilize social media, but student use of it has increased significantly, or perhaps better said, in the education sector. The use of social media has improved society in many ways. The Internet provides consumers with easy access to a plethora of social media sites and applications, enabling them to communicate and work together to produce, modify, and distribute original textual, visual, and audio content. It significantly affects our lives. thus it greatly aids in all spheres of life, including the political, economic, and educational ones. As time goes on, social media has begun to have a detrimental effect on society, with millions of people becoming unhealthy addicted to following the newest events on applications like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp. By staying in touch online even when friends no longer meet in person, they forge lasting bonds. The paper tries to show how our population has been influenced by social media. It's important to understand both the positive and negative effects of social media. on the field of education as well as our future generation, and if social media use is beneficial or detrimental, develop appropriate plans in each situation.
Human Stress Indicator Using Machine LearningTechnique and Exhortation based on Health Parameters
Authors: D Vinutha , S Nirmala
Published: September 2024

Stress, often known as stressors, is a psychological or emotional state brought on by difficult or inevitable situations. Understanding human stress levels is vital to preventing negative life experiences. There may be connections between sleep-related difficulties and a range of psychological, social, and medical conditions. The aim is to look into the empirical identification of human stress levels by applying algorithmic techniques with health data. After data pre- processing, a few algorithmic approaches were utilized to assess stress levels, which were categorized from low to high: Multilayer Perception, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Decision Trees, Na ̈ıve Bayes, and Logistic Regression. This strategy made it possible to compare methods and find the most precised one.
A Study of Psychological Distress in Respect to Different Blood Types
Authors: Malhotra Ashok
Published: September 2024

The main purpose of this research was to find out the different levels of Psychological distress and the association between four blood types and depression, anxiety and stress. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), developed by Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) was applied to test the research questions. The study revealed that the individuals with AB and O blood types typically experience severe to moderate depression, whereas those with A and B blood types often have mild or normal levels of depression. The Chi-Square analysis indicates that blood type A is primarily associated with moderate anxiety, B with extremely severe anxiety, AB with severe anxiety, and O with mild anxiety. Regarding stress, blood type A is predominantly associated with mild stress levels, B with extremely severe stress, AB with severe stress, and O with moderate, mild, or normal stress levels.
Geotechnical Investigation of the Bamenda-Bambili Road (13 Km) in View of Rehabilitation and Widening
Authors: Marcel Nwankong Kwalar , Isaac Yannick Bomeni , Nelson Alakeh Mofor
Published: September 2024

The fast deformation and disintegration of pavements in tropical zones are seemingly becoming permanent phenomenon and these issues are increasing evidenced in most regions of Cameroon. This work focuses on the rehabilitation and widening of the Bamenda-Bambili road, Northwest Region of Cameroon. There was a preliminary field survey through the deflection and penetrometer tests at different sections along this road stretch. It was an experimental and observatory study adopting the quantitative and qualitative methods. Samples were collected and transported to the laboratory, where identification tests were carried out. The data obtained from the field survey and identification tests were used to redesign the road. The result of deflection survey shows that deformation ranges from 5/100 mm to 118/100 mm and belongs to Q2 and Q5 which corresponds to maintenance and rehabilitation respectively. Further results showed that an average resistance of 0.5 MPa was found at a depth of 5 m. The physical analysis of the in-situ material showed an average moisture content of 20%, specific gravity of 2 and plasticity index of 25.1%. The grain size analyses of subgrade soils showed fine lateritic soils (A-2–7, A-6, A-7- 5 and A-7-5) according to the HRB classification. The mechanical analysis showed an average maximum dry density of 1.7 t/m3 and an average bearing capacity of 20.6% which correspond to Class S3. These materials were recommended to be use in sub-base of the pavement for T2. The traffic, T3 was previewed for the widening of this road, thereby necessitating the stabilisation of the base course. The design with Alizé software showed a total thickness of 50 cm subdivided into three layers; wearing course in bituminous concrete (5 cm), base layer ameliorated with 0/31.5 (25 cm) and lateritic sub-base (20 cm). The study found that pavement failure along the Bamenda-Bambili road could be due to ageing and high- water content of the sub grade soils and suggest that holistic and objective survey and planning be done along this road to improve it state
Anesthesia Management for Patent Ductus Arteriosus-Device Closure in Patient with Congenital Rubella Syndrome- Case Report
Authors: J Shah Riya , Chavan Ramprasad , Umbarkar Sanjeeta , R. Maya
Published: September 2024

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an extracardiac left to right shunt. PDA is seen in 50 % of the patients having congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). CRS is a combination of multisystem abnormalities. Patients with CRS pose challenges for an anaesthesiologist in way of small infants, difficult airway, underlying cardiac lesions, low birth weight etc. We report successful anaesthesia management of a paediatric patient having CRS with global developmental delay(hypotonia) posted for PDA- Device Closure (PDA-DC).
An Interesting Case of Isolated Aortic Arch Aneurysm
Authors: Pavan Kumar Chittabathina , Nagarajan K.
Published: September 2024

Case Report A90 year old female, housewife by occupation came with the complaints of shortness of breath grade 2 NYHA since 6 months, insidious in onset gradually progressed from grade 2 to grade 3 NYHA initially which progressed to grade 4 NYHA over past 1 week, aggravated on exertion, relieved on rest. Not associated with chest pain, aggravated on exertion and relieved on taking rest. H/o bilateral pitting oedema present for 1 month. H/o Orthopnea 2 episode and PND.
Designing Affordable and Effective Easy-to-Make Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) During Global Healthcare Crisis: Lessons Learned during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: L Ghairatmal , L Manalai , P Manalai
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted at the onset of the current pandemic. During initial few months of its start, the fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) in the United States resulted in acute shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) for first responders and healthcare providers. At the start of the pandemic, manufacturers could not keep up with competing public demand as well as healthcare facilities’ needs. Therefore, alternative PPE-like equipment that was affordable and readily available were needed. Since it was thought that the main mode of transmission of COVID-19 was nasopharyngeal droplet and face tough, in theory any devices that could reduce those two factors, would reduce the risk of transmission. In the current study, the authors used common household items to design face shield with three objectives. Firstly, design effective cheap aesthetically appealing PPE to reasonably protect the persons and reduce the competition against healthcare systems. Secondly to evolve school aged children in scientific exploration while schools were dismissed due to the pandemic indefinitely. Lastly, inspire methodologies that could be helpful in future global crises of sudden onset. We hypothesized that the face shield in this study would reduce both spreading of nasopharyngeal droplets and face touch. With the caveat of having limited resources, face shields were effective in blocking macroscopic fluorescent droplet (100%) from reaching a face. It also contained (100%) of macroscopic fluorescent droplets within the shield when a person wearing the shield coughed. The face shields also significantly reduced the amount of time in seconds individuals touched their faces (n=6, p=0.01). The youth in the study demonstrated compassion, dedication, and contributed significantly to the final product that was well received by healthcare providers. We demonstrated that in a short span of time, with limited resources, one could create effective healthcare tools. Designing Affordable and Effective Easy-to-Make Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) During Global Healthcare Crisis: Lessons Learned during COVID-19 Pandemic .
Real-time customer communication in e-commerce: improving customer experience, satisfaction and loyalty
Authors: Muhammad Taley , Stukalina Yulia
Published: September 2024

In the era of business digital transformation, real-time customer communication has attracted a lot of attention. The purpose of the research is to investigate how real-time customer communication affects the success of ecommerce businesses, with an emphasis on how prompt and efficient communication can raise customer satisfaction, lower cancellation rates and make companies accomplish a competitive advantage. The research is focused on examining various real-time communication channels including social media, Chatbots, live chat, etc. Additionally, the study also goes over the advantages of using an Omnichannel communication strategy in e-commerce, emphasizing the value of a cohesive communication strategy and the difficulties in integrating various communication channels. The research methodology includes an analysis of existing research on the given topic and a survey distributed among e-commerce business owners/managers. This study intends to contribute to the field by giving new insights into the impact of real-time customer communication on e-commerce growth, which would be beneficial for policymakers, researchers, and industry practitioners.
A Detailed Time-resolved and Energy-resolved Spectro-polarimetric Study of Bright Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected by AstroSat CZTI in Its First Year of Operation
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Pandey S. B. , Gupta S. , Chattopadhayay T. , Bhattacharya D. , Bhalerao V. , Castro-Tirado A. J. , Valeev A. , Ror A. K. , Sharma V. , Racusin J. , Aryan A. , Iyyani S. , Vadawale S.
Published: September 2024

The radiation mechanism underlying the prompt emission remains unresolved and can be resolved using a systematic and uniform time-resolved spectro-polarimetric study. In this paper, we investigated the spectral, temporal, and polarimetric characteristics of five bright gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) using archival data from AstroSat CZTI, Swift Burst Alert Telescope, and Fermi/GBM. These bright GRBs were detected by CZTI in its first year of operation, and their average polarization characteristics have been published in Chattopadhyay et al. In the present work, we examined the time-resolved (in 100–600 keV) and energy-resolved polarization measurements of these GRBs with an improved polarimetric technique such as increasing the effective area and bandwidth (by using data from low-gain pixels), using an improved event selection logic to reduce noise in the double events and extend the spectral bandwidth. In addition, we also separately carried out detailed time-resolved spectral analyses of these GRBs using empirical and physical synchrotron models. By these improved time-resolved and energy-resolved spectral and polarimetric studies (not fully coupled spectro-polarimetric fitting), we could pin down the elusive prompt emission mechanism of these GRBs. Our spectro-polarimetric analysis reveals that GRB 160623A, GRB 160703A, and GRB 160821A have Poynting flux-dominated jets. On the other hand, GRB 160325A and GRB 160802A have baryonic-dominated jets with mild magnetization. Furthermore, we observe a rapid change in polarization angle by ∼90° within the main pulse of very bright GRB 160821A, consistent with our previous results. Our study suggests that the jet composition of GRBs may exhibit a wide range of magnetization, which can be revealed by utilizing spectro-polarimetric investigations of the bright GRBs.
The Landscape of Thermal Transients from Supernovae Interacting with a Circumstellar Medium
Authors: Khatami David K. , Kasen Daniel N.
Published: September 2024

The interaction of supernova ejecta with a surrounding circumstellar medium (CSM) generates a strong shock, which can convert ejecta kinetic energy into observable radiation. Given the diversity of potential CSM structures (arising from diverse mass-loss processes such as late-stage stellar outbursts, binary interaction, and winds), the resulting transients can display a wide range of light-curve morphologies. We provide a framework for classifying the transients arising from interaction with a spherical CSM shell. The light curves are decomposed into five consecutive phases, starting from the onset of interaction and extending through shock breakout and subsequent shock cooling. The relative prominence of each phase in the light curve is determined by two dimensionless quantities representing the CSM-to-ejecta mass ratio η, and the breakout parameter ξ. These two parameters define four light-curve morphology classes, where each class is characterized by the location of the shock breakout and the degree of deceleration as the shock sweeps up the CSM. We compile analytic scaling relations connecting the luminosity and duration of each light-curve phase to the physical parameters. We then run a grid of radiation hydrodynamics simulations for a wide range of ejecta and CSM parameters to numerically explore the landscape of interaction light curves, and to calibrate and confirm the analytic scalings. We connect our theoretical framework to several case studies of observed transients, highlighting the relevance in explaining slow-rising and superluminous supernovae, fast blue optical transients, and double-peaked light curves.
ALMA-IMF. XIV. Free–Free Templates Derived from H41α and Ionized Gas Content in 15 Massive Protoclusters
Authors: Galván-Madrid Roberto , Díaz-González Daniel J. , Motte Frédérique , Ginsburg Adam , Cunningham Nichol , Menten Karl M. , Armante Mélanie , Bonfand Mélisse , Braine Jonathan , Csengeri Timea , Dell’Ova Pierre , Louvet Fabien , Nony Thomas , Rivera-Soto Rudy , Sanhueza Patricio , Stutz Amelia M. , Wyrowski Friedrich , Álvarez-Gutiérrez Rodrigo H. , Baug Tapas , Bontemps Sylvain , Bronfman Leonardo , Fernández-López Manuel , Gusdorf Antoine , Koley Atanu , Liu Hong-Li , Salinas Javiera , Towner Allison P. M. , Whitworth Anthony P.
Published: September 2024

We use the H41α recombination line to create templates of the millimeter free–free emission in the ALMA-IMF continuum maps, which allows us to separate it from dust emission. This method complements spectral-index information and extrapolation from centimeter-wavelength maps. We use the derived maps to estimate the properties of up to 34 H ii regions across the ALMA-IMF protoclusters. The hydrogen ionizing photon rate Q
0 and spectral types follow the evolutionary trend proposed by Motte et al. The youngest protoclusters lack detectable ionized gas, followed by protoclusters with increasing numbers of OB stars. The total Q
0 increases from ∼1045 s−1 to >1049 s−1. We used the adjacent He41α line to measure the relative number abundances of helium, finding values consistent with the Galactic interstellar medium, although a few outliers are discussed. A search for sites of maser amplification of the H41α line returned negative results. We looked for possible correlations between the electron densities, emission measures, and Q
0 with H ii region size D. The latter is the best correlated, with Q
0 ∝ D
2.49 ± 0.18. This favors interpretations in which smaller ultracompact H ii regions are not necessarily the less dynamically evolved versions of larger ones but rather are ionized by less massive stars. Moderate correlations were found between the dynamical width ΔV
dyn with D and Q
0. ΔV
dyn increases from about 1 to 2 times the ionized-gas sound speed. Finally, an outlier H ii region south of W43-MM2 is discussed. We suggest that this source could harbor an embedded stellar or disk wind.
L'État et les stratégies du territoire
Authors: Bassin Mark
Published: September 2024

Le contrôle colonial de l’État russe s’est maintenu sur la Sibérie depuis le XVI e siècle. Considérée sous les Tsars comme le Pérou ou le Brésil des Ibériques, elle a vu se développer la traite des fourrures jusqu’au milieu du XIX e siècle, puis une colonisation agricole dans le sud surtout avec la construction du Transsibérien ; terre des exilés politiques, elle a connu après 1860 un mouvement régionaliste réclamant l’indépendance. Après la révolution de 1917, l’exploitation coloniale a persisté ; les gisements de pétrole ont été intensément mis en valeur et une industrie lourde a été créée au service de l’État russe ; depuis la crise pétrolière, le pétrole sibérien sert de monnaie d’échange par l’achat de blé aux pays occidentaux.
Communication scientifique et science ouverte
Authors: Rakotoary Sarah
Published: September 2024

Résumé Les mutations de la communication scientifique numérique ont fait émerger un nouveau modèle : la revue vidéo. À cet effet, JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) met à disposition plus de 13 000 VMA ( Video Method Articles ), soit des publications vidéo de méthodes expérimentales évaluées par les pairs et indexées dans des bases de données internationales de référence. Ces vidéos ont une visée principalement didactique et couvrent différentes disciplines liées majoritairement aux sciences de la vie. Cette étude nous a permis de nous questionner sur les enjeux des nouvelles formes d’expressions médiatiques de l’article scientifique. Nous avons en outre mis en œuvre une analyse de contenu audiovisuel sur un corpus de 62 VMA disponibles en Libre Accès. En référence à la tradition des « sciences à la télévision », les VMA reprennent certains codes pour « mettre en scène » la science, reconstituer des espaces et des protocoles ou encore illustrer des méthodes. Néanmoins, ces vidéos sont avant tout à considérer comme des publications scientifiques traditionnelles dont les codes (références, acknowledgements ) subsistent. Ces vidéos deviennent ainsi les témoins d’un véritable processus de circulation de marqueurs et de formats scientifiques, médiatiques, et numériques. Nos résultats rendent également compte des postures et de la mise en scène du chercheur et/ ou de l’institution dans la communication des travaux scientifiques. La question de la légitimité est également au cœur de ces productions vidéo.
Écoles en mouvements et réformes
Authors: Rabinovitch Lori
Published: September 2024

Résumé Cet article présente une courte réflexion philosophique centrée sur le déroulement de la réforme du curriculum au Québec selon trois points de vue. Le premier renvoie aux changements paradigmatiques qui sous-tendent cette réforme, en y retrouvant les grands thèmes qui en sont les piliers. Le deuxième fait état de la dissonance entre les programmes d’études et les pratiques évaluatives qu’on leur rattache comme un après-coup. Le troisième remet en question les contre-courants de pensée provenant de milieux en dehors de l’éducation, qui provoquent des gestes qui paraissent régressifs.
Écoles en mouvements et réformes
Authors: Tahirou Kalilou
Published: September 2024

Résumé Les processus de réformes engagés ici et là depuis le forum de l’EPT tenu à Dakar (2000) ont eu pour orientation majeure l’amélioration de la qualité des apprentissages des élèves. Cette amélioration devrait passer par l’élaboration et l’implantation de « programmes adaptés susceptibles d’être enseignés dans une langue locale et qui partent du savoir et de l’expérience des enseignants et apprenants » (Dakar en 2000, p. 17). Quel est l’état des lieux de la problématique de la prise en compte des langues locales dans le curriculum en développement au Niger ? Une approche située peut-elle réussir sans les langues parlées par les apprenants ? Ce sont à ces questions que tente de répondre le présent article.
Peut-on se passer de représentations en sciences cognitives ?
Authors: Blanc Nathalie
Published: September 2024

Le concept de représentation est abordé dans le cadre des travaux menés en psychologie cognitive sur les habiletés de compréhension de textes de l’individu. L’utilisation consensuelle de ce concept pour définir le produit de la cognition en situation de compréhension de textes est saisie comme l’occasion de définir ses propriétés structurales et fonctionnelles. Quelques évidences empiriques sont fournies pour illustrer concrètement combien ce concept est pertinent pour donner sens aux données recueillies. Situé au cœur des diverses tentatives de modélisation du processus cognitif de compréhension, ce concept a pour avantage d’alimenter continuellement la réflexion engagée sur ce type d’habiletés.
Pouvoir et autorité des chefs de service
Authors: Damien Robert , Damien Robert
Published: September 2024

Robert Damien aborde la question de l’autorité et celle du « qu’est-ce qu’être chef et peut-on s’en passer ? », en reconnaissant d’abord que cette question est à la fois philosophiquement dangereuse et politiquement inquiétante. Robert Damien puise dans les auteurs les plus anciens en particulier Aristote et Saint Augustin ou Saint Thomas, mais aussi plus récent comme Machiavel, Hobbes ou Tocqueville et Proudhon. L’autorité serait cette façon d’être obéi sans avoir besoin de commander. Elle suppose donc une alliance entre celui qui dirige et celui qui est dirigé. Pour expliquer cette alchimie, l’auteur propose quatre exigences de l’autorité (l’excentricité centrale, sociabilité dialogique, l’est/éthique du redressement, le rationalisme stratégique de l’action). Il décrit les matrices de l’autorité : la confiance, la croissance ou la croyance telle que la pensée grecque, romaine, chrétienne, rationaliste les ont élaborées. Il produit un développement sur l’autorité démocratique, ce qu’il désigne aussi (son expérience rugbystique est présente), la fraternité et l’esprit d’équipe. Il expose alors ce passage du JE au NOUS, et les rituels qui l’accompagne. Il s’attarde enfin sur les bénéfices de la rhétorique, les effets de l’éloquence et la voix de l’autorité comme les réquisits de l’intelligence instruite, le discernement judicieux et la continuité conséquente pour mener au bout un projet (le chef achève, mène à bon port en saisissant les opportunités).
L'empreinte des dirigeants
Authors: Delavaquerie Christian
Published: September 2024

Christian Delavaquerie présente l’histoire, sans doute assez commune, de la fermeture programmée d’un service de réanimation que les engagements d’un directeur, du corps médical et des élus parviennent à stopper. Au-delà de la pertinence de la fermeture ou du maintien de cette unité qu’il est impossible de juger face à une seule version des faits, la narration de Christian Delavaquerie montre quels sont l’autonomie et, par conséquent, le pouvoir d’un directeur. Celui-ci pouvait accepter ce qu’il appelle « l’oukase » de l’agence régionale d’hospitalisation (ARH) ou « entrer en résistance », parti qu’il adopta. Il pouvait se considérer comme un exécutant des injonctions de l’agence régionale ou envisager qu’entre les établissements et l’ARH certaines décisions peuvent et doivent se négocier. Ces choix constituent sa liberté qui s’exprime dans une conception de la réalité, celle de l’établissement et celle de son rôle. C’est donc par le pouvoir d’interpréter, que commence à se construire la capacité d’action des directeurs.
L'empreinte des dirigeants
Authors: Diquelou Jean-Yves
Published: September 2024

Dans la perspective d’une élucidation de la part d’implicite qui structure toute activité professionnelle, Jean-Yves Diquelou, président de la commission médicale d’établissement (CME) de son hôpital, décrit les visées et les alliances, c’est-à-dire les stratégies, des principaux acteurs qui s’agitent à l’intérieur et autour d’un établissement de taille moyenne. À première lecture, il en fait ressortir la face sombre : la paupérisation volontaire des hôpitaux publics périphériques aux CHU afin de laisser les médecins libéraux s’enrichir dans les cliniques privées ou encore la collusion entre la vie hospitalière et la vie politique locale s’entremêlant de manière plus ou moins florentine. Mais, l’hôpital n’est pas qu’une arène où se nouent des intrigues alambiquées. D’une part, il évolue dans le sens d’améliorations successives : par l’introduction des postes hospitaliers temps-plein dans les années 1960-1980, puis par la séparation de plus en plus nette entre la rationalité gestionnaire et la rationalité politique qui constitue l’un des fondements du « nouveau management public ». Par son regard distancié et l’étendue de son expérience, Jean-Yves Diquelou fait ainsi émerger les transformations profondes de l’hôpital sur la période d’un demi-siècle. D’autre part, le soin ne peut être dispensé sans que se forment également des « vocations » et des « passions » professionnelles en réponse à l’appel de ceux qui souffrent. Ces vocations, on pourrait les illustrer autant par le terme anglais de « calling » que par celui, allemand, de « Beruf ». Dans la vie hospitalière, le pire côtoie le meilleur.
Entre langue et parole, le métier d’orthophoniste
Authors: Charmetant Claire
Published: September 2024

Avec Claire Charmetant, nous allons pouvoir différencier les actions de prévention des offensives du dépistage systématique, observer le gouffre entre les bonnes intentions des équipes en charge de la prévention et la façon dont les « bénéficiaires » s’en saisissent. Ce texte nous invite à chercher, penser ce que sont des actes de prévention.
Etre ergothérapeute en psychiatrie
Authors: Klein Florence
Published: September 2024

Cet article présente quelques écueils du contexte actuel en politique de santé mentale et ses effets délétères sur le travail des soignants. Il énonce certains fondamentaux quant à une philosophie du prendre soin, humaine et humanisante, respectueuse des personnes soignées. Il se réfère ainsi à la psychodynamique, à la psychothérapie institutionnelle et à certaines notions empruntées à la psychanalyse. Il se veut être un prélude à la suite de l’ouvrage pour présenter et faire valoir cette discipline encore trop méconnue en santé mentale : l’ergothérapie. Il s’agit de montrer comment elle s’inscrit dans le dispositif des équipes soignantes et en quoi elle constitue une démarche singulière d’accompagnement du patient sur le chemin de la condition humaine.
L’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant – Un dialogue entre théorie et pratique
Authors: Fierens Jacques
Published: September 2024

Jacques Fierens compare l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant à l’étoile polaire. Ce principe est insaisissable mais peut remplir sa fonction dans mille situations. Inévitablement, l’intérêt supérieur est indéfinissable au sens théorique : on le reconnaît uniquement quand on est confronté à une situation particulière. Tel une boussole, il ne nous donne pas de réponse mais nous indique une direction. L’opposition entre l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant et d’autres intérêts n’est pas toujours telle qu’elle paraît car le point de vue de l’observateur vient modifier la situation. Parfois, des considérations irrecevables l’emportent sur l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant. Écouter l’enfant est essentiel pour déterminer son intérêt supérieur. À l’expression « intérêt supérieur », Fierens préfère celle de « respect dû à l’enfant ». Le concept existait avant la CIDE et s’inscrit dans une tradition plus vaste de reconnaissance des droits de l’enfant et de respect à leur égard.
L'imaginaire et l'intuition dans les sciences
Authors: Buser Pierre
Published: September 2024

Résumé. Au terme de cette brève revue, deux points méritent l’attention. D’une part l’importance que peut certaines fois prendre, dans la découverte, l’intuition, par rapport aux démarches rationnelles beaucoup plus usuelles, et qui est examinée ici. La plupart des exemples ont été empruntés au domaine des mathématiques, mais il est clair que d’autres disciplines, en particulier expérimentales, pourraient s’insérer dans le même schéma. Toutes les sciences recèlent sans doute des découvertes, qui officiellement ou non, sont nées de l’illumination d’un personnage que l’on qualifie volontiers de génial, souvent décrit comme solitaire. D’autre part, cette étude est l’occasion de préciser comment la conception d’inconscient a évolué au cours des siècles. En le mentionnant aujourd’hui, on entend presqu’automatiquement l’inconscient psychanalytique de Freud et de ses continuateurs, et l’on néglige l’autre visage de l’inconscient, celui dont nous nous sommes préoccupé dans cet article. Notre point de vue (bien sûr un peu schématisé) est en effet différent (se reporter à la figure) : bien avant la période freudienne, se développa, en particulier avec des philosophes allemands tels Leibniz, Fichte, Hegel et d’autres, la notion d’inconscient « intellectuel », et qui devint ensuite, presque dans la même ligne épistémologique, l’inconscient « cognitif » moderne. Ce dernier, résolument distinct de l’inconscient freudien est, pensons-nous, appelé à jouer un rôle essentiel dans l’explication des processus mentaux, en particulier dans le cas qui nous a concerné ici, ceux de la découverte « subite ».
L'imaginaire et l'intuition dans les sciences
Authors: Kahane Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2024

Résumé. Dans l’opinion publique comme dans les instructions officielles on associe aux mathématiques la rigueur plutôt que l’imagination. Dans la recherche, elles sont intimement associées, et de manière spécifique. Qu’en est-il dans l’enseignement ? Deux phrases de Condorcet dans son Discours sur les mathématiques apportent un élément de réponse : « Les premières notions de mathématiques doivent faire partie de l’éducation des enfants. Les chiffres et les lignes parlent plus qu’on ne le croit d’ordinaire à leur imagination naissante, et c’est un moyen sûr de l’exercer sans l’égarer. » Nous mettrons ces phrases en parallèle avec d’autres déclarations, qui vont ou non dans le même sens, et nous rechercherons quelle est leur pertinence dans les conditions d’aujourd’hui. Ce sera l’occasion de plusieurs retours en arrière, avec Galois, Platon et Théétète.
Macular Hole Self Closure While Awaiting Pre-operative Clearance
Authors: Javaheri Michael , Oh Angela J. , Prasad Pradeep S.
Published: September 2024

A 69-year-old white woman with a history of vitreomacular traction (VMT) presented with a 2-week history of visual loss in the right eye. Visual acuity, with correction, measured 20/200 in the right eye. Examination revealed a partial posterior vitreous detachment and a stage 2 full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) testing confirmed a stage 2 FTMH with VMT. Pars plana vitrectomy without internal limiting membrane peeling was planned and the patient was sent for preoperative clearance, where she was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and wanted to delay surgery. Two months later, the patient returned for follow-up with a visual acuity of 20/80, a closed macular hole, and an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment in her right eye. Four months later, the patient exhibited a completely closed FTMH with a visual acuity of 20/30. Spontaneous resolution of FTMHs (stages 2 to 4) in the adult population is an extremely rare event, occurring in less than 4% of affected eyes. We describe a patient with a stage 2 FTMH who exhibited spontaneous resolution due to the resolution of VMT while awaiting preoperative clearance.

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Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2025;56:54–56.]