bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Something really very odd and singularly appropriate:” The Fashionable Swastika in the US Before 1939
Authors: Elenowitz-Hess Caroline
Published: June 2023

More than a decade before Hitler became the leader of the Nazi party, on the other side of the Atlantic, the Ladies’ Home Journal hit on the perfect insignia for their new “Girl’s Club”: a swastika. This was far from anomalous; an examination of American fashion and lifestyle publications shows that the swastika was a fashionable motif for dress, home decor, and particularly jewelry from the turn of the twentieth century until the outbreak of World War II. Moreover, the swastika continued to be used as a decorative motif even as news of life under the Third Reich was published in American newspapers. This regular use in fashion and consumer goods suggests that Americans did not want to recognize the dissonance between the way that they wore the swastika and the symbol in its German context. This distinction began to disintegrate in the mid-1930s, as conflict over the use of the symbol revealed fracture lines between those affected by its anti-Semitic connotations and those who thought that these connotations were either acceptable or easy enough to ignore. The lifecycle of the swastika in American culture in the first four decades of the twentieth century offers a unique case study of how a sign can gain and lose meaning; after arising as a seemingly superficial fad, the persistence of the motif took on increasingly problematic associations raising difficult questions of how to contend with new readings of old signs.
Quantum chemical mechanism on the depletion of C3O by oxygen atoms: barrierless to produce CO
Authors: Wang Xue , Lu Rui-qi , Ma Fang-fang , Ding Yi-hong , Xie Hong-bin , Tian Xiao
Published: June 2023

Accurate quantum chemical studies at the CCSD(T)/CBS//CCSD/cc-pVTZ level predicted the depletion reaction of C3O by both singlet and triplet O-atoms to be barrierless, leading to the astrophysically very abundant CO plus triplet CCO. The barrierless nature of the reaction fully complied with the long conjecture, whereas the product differed significantly. Our kinetic calculations indicated that the reaction possesses significant negative temperature effect below 30 K. The calculations should be useful for understanding the astrophysical recycling for both the carbon and oxygen species.
Development of a nursing practice scale for rheumatoid arthritis treatment with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
Authors: Song Fang , Nakatani Hisae , Sugiyama Eiji , Hirata Shintaro
Published: June 2023

Objective

The objective of the study was to develop a nursing practice scale for rheumatoid arthritis treatment with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.

Methods

An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was administered to 1826 nurses, 960 of whom were Certified Nurses by Japan Rheumatism Foundation (CNJRFs) and 866 were registered nurses (RNs). Using exploratory factor analysis, criterion validity, and known-groups technique, we assessed the reliability and validity of the self-created 19-item nursing practice scale to evaluate the care provided to patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs based on the nurse’s role as clarified from a literature review of relevant studies.

Results

A total of 698 (38.4%) responses were collected from 407 CNJRFs and 291 RNs. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 18 items to examine three factors: ‘nursing to enhance patients’ capacity for self-care’, ‘nursing in which patients participate in decision-making’, and ‘nursing in which team medical care is promoted’. Cronbach’s α was .95. The Spearman’s coefficient was ρ = .738 for criterion validity. Using the known-groups technique, CNJRFs had higher total scale scores than RNs (P < .05).

Conclusions

The results confirmed the reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity of the scale.
Development of food literacy in children and adolescents: implications for the design of strategies to promote healthier and more sustainable diets
Authors: Ares Gastón , De Rosso Sofia , Mueller Carina , Philippe Kaat , Pickard Abigail , Nicklaus Sophie , van Kleef Ellen , Varela Paula
Published: June 2023

Food literacy has emerged as a key individual trait to promote the transformation of food systems toward healthy and sustainable diets. Childhood and adolescence are key periods for establishing the foundations of eating habits. Different food literacy competencies are acquired as children develop different cognitive abilities, skills, and experiences, contributing to the development of critical tools that allow them to navigate a complex food system. Thus, the design and implementation of programs to support the development of food literacy from early childhood can contribute to healthier and more sustainable eating habits. In this context, the aim of the present narrative review is to provide an in-depth description of how different food literacy competencies are developed in childhood and adolescence, integrating the extensive body of evidence on cognitive, social, and food-related development. Implications for the development of multisectoral strategies to target the multidimensional nature of food literacy and promote the development of the 3 types of competencies (relational, functional, and critical) are discussed.
An examination of Ireland’s sugar sweetened beverage tax (sugar tax) in practice
Authors: Houghton Frank , Moran Stritch Jennifer , Nwanze Loveth
Published: June 2023

Background

In the face of rising obesity levels, Ireland introduced a sugar sweetened beverage tax (SSBT) in 2018, the scope of which was extended in 2019. To date, there is a dearth of research on the actual impact of the SSBT on the pricing.

Method

This study involved an examination of the relative cost of leading brand full-sugar and sugar-free carbonated soft drinks in a convenience sample of 14 different Irish supermarkets. In light of manufacturers’ reformulation of certain brands (7UP, Sprite and Fanta), information was collected on the relative in-store pricing of three brands (Coca Cola, Pepsi and Club).

Results

In-store comparisons of equivalent size and unit number indicate that, in ~60% of cases, the full-sugar and sugar-free versions of the same drink are being offered at the same price. Even when full-sugar versions of these brands were more expensive than the sugar-free alternatives, the price differential was sometimes less than the SSBT rate.

Conclusions

The pass-through rate of the SSBT to consumers is sub-optimal. Future policy and research suggestions are outlined.
Downregulation of the expression of galanin impairs erectile function in hypoandrogenic rats
Authors: Yuan Piao , Li Xiong , Xiong Wen-ju , Jiang Jun , Jiang Rui
Published: June 2023

Background

The relationship between galanin and erectile function under low androgen levels is still unclear.

Aim

To explore whether a low testosterone level damages the erection of a rat by regulating the expression of galanin and GalR in penile cavernous tissue.

Methods

Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats, 8 weeks of age, were randomly grouped as follows (n = 6): control, castration, castration + testosterone replacement, control + transfection, castration + transfection, and castration + empty transfection. At 4 weeks after castration, rats in the transfection group were injected with lentivirus carrying the targeting galanin gene (2 × 108 TU/mL, 10 μL) in the corpus cavernosum. After 1 week of injection, the intracavernosal pressure (ICP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), nitric oxide (NO), serum testosterone concentration, galanin, GalR1-3, ROCK1, ROCK2, and p-eNOS/eNOS in the rat penile tissues were evaluated.

Outcomes

ICPmax/MAP and the expression of galanin in the corpus cavernosum in castrated rats were obviously decreased as compared with those in the control rats.

Results

The castrated rats showed remarkably lower ICPmax/MAP, galanin, GalR1-3, p-eNOS/eNOS, and NO content and markedly higher ROCK1 and ROCK2 in penile tissues than the control group (P < .05). The transfected rats administrated with LV Gal had obviously higher ICPmax/MAP, p-eNOS/eNOS, and NO content and less ROCK1 and ROCK2 protein expression in the corpus cavernosum when compared with the castration group (P < .05).

Clinical Translation

Upregulating the expression of galanin in the penile corpus cavernosum might be a novel method of treating erectile dysfunction caused by a low androgen level.

Strengths and Limitations

The conclusions obtained in the animal experiments need to be confirmed in human data.

Conclusion

The erectile function of hypoandrogen rats might be inhibited by downregulating the level of galanin and GalR1-3, upregulating ROCK1 and ROCK2 levels, and inhibiting the eNOS/NO signaling pathway in penile corpus cavernosum.
The day‐night differences in cognitive and anxiety‐like behaviors of mice after chronic sleep restriction
Authors: Zhai Shuang , Yin Meng‐Mei , Sun Huai‐Qing , Jiang Xue‐Qin , Liu Yun , Marshall Charles , Wu Ting , Xiao Ming
Published: June 2023

Animal behavioral tests are often conducted during the day. However, rodents are nocturnal animals and are primarily active at night. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are diurnal changes in cognitive and anxiety‐like performance of mice following chronic sleep restriction (SR). We also investigated whether this phenotypic difference is related to the diurnal variation of glymphatic clearance of metabolic wastes. Mice received 9‐day SR by the use of the modified rotating rod method, followed by the open field, elevated plus maze, and Y‐maze tests conducted during the day and at night, respectively. Brain β‐amyloid (Aβ) and tau protein levels, the polarity of aquaporin4 (AQP4), a functional marker of the glymphatic system, and glymphatic transport ability were also analyzed. SR mice exhibited cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behaviors during the day, but not at night. AQP4 polarity and glymphatic transport ability were higher during the day, with lower Aβ1‐42, Aβ1‐40, and P‐Tau levels in the frontal cortex. These day‐night differences were totally disrupted after SR. These results reveal the diurnal changes in behavioral performance after chronic SR, which may be related to circadian control of AQP4‐mediated glymphatic clearance of toxic macromolecules from the brain.
Dexamethasone Plus Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine in Bilateral Trans-incisional Paravertebral Block in Lumbar Spine Surgeries, a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alansary Amin Mohamed , Aziz Mohamed Mostafa , Elbeialy Marwa Ahmed Khairy
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

Few studies examined the analgesic effects of dexamethasone in lumbar paravertebral block (PVB), specifically the trans-incisional approach. This study aimed to compare dexamethasone with bupivacaine versus bupivacaine alone for bilateral transincisional PVB (TiPVB) for postoperative analgesia in lumbar spine surgeries.

Methods:

Fifty patients aged 20 to 60 years, had ASA-PS I or II of either sex were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Both groups received combined general anesthesia and bilateral lumbar TiPVB. However, in Group 1 [dexamethasone group] (n = 25): patients received 14 mL of bupivacaine 0.20% plus one mL containing 4 mg of dexamethasone on each side, while Group 2 [control group] (n = 25): patients received 14 mL of bupivacaine 0.20% plus one ml of saline on each side. Time to first analgesic need was the primary outcome, while total opioid consumption during the first 24 h after surgery, the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the incidence of side effects were secondary outcomes.

Results:

The mean time to first analgesic requirement was significantly prolonged among patients in the dexamethasone group than the control group [Mean ± SD, 18.4±0.8 h vs. 8.7±1.2 h, respectively] (P < 0.001). Patients in dexamethasone group had lower total opiates consumption than the control) P < 0.001). Although non-significant, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was more frequent among control group (P = 0.145).

Discussion:

Adding dexamethasone to bupivacaine in TiPVB resulted in prolonged analgesia-free period, lower opioid consumption in lumbar spine surgeries with comparable incidence of adverse events.
Providence Bracing: Predicting the Progression to Surgery in Patients With Braced Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Kolin David A. , Thompson George H. , Blumenschein Lucas A. , Poe-Kochert Connie , Glotzbecker Michael P. , Son-Hing Jochen P. , Hardesty Christina K. , Mistovich R. Justin
Published: June 2023

Background:

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a common spinal abnormality, in which orthotic management can reduce progression to surgery. However, predictors of bracing success are still not fully understood. We studied a large patient population treated with the nighttime Providence orthosis, utilizing multivariable logistic regression to assess results and predict future spine surgery.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed patients with IS meeting Scoliosis Research Society inclusion and assessment criteria presenting from April 1994 to June 2020 at a single institution and treated with a Providence orthosis. A predictive logistic regression model was developed utilizing the following candidate features: age, sex, body mass index, Risser classification, Lenke classification, curve magnitude at brace initiation, percentage correction in a brace, and total months of brace use. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The importance of individual features was assessed using the variable importance score.

Results:

There were 329 consecutive patients with IS with a mean age of 12.8 ± 1.4 years that met inclusion and assessment criteria. Of these, 113 patients (34%) ultimately required surgery. The model’s area under the curve (AUC) was 0.72 on the testing set, demonstrating good discrimination. The initial curve magnitude (Importance score: 100.0) and duration of bracing (Importance score: 82.4) were the 2 most predictive features for curve progression leading to surgery. With respect to skeletal maturity, Risser 1 (Importance score: 53.9) had the most predictive importance for future surgery. For the curve pattern, Lenke 6 (Importance score: 52.0) had the most predictive importance for future surgery.

Conclusion:

Out of 329 patients with IS treated with a Providence nighttime orthosis, 34% required surgery. This is similar to the findings of the BrAist study of the Boston orthosis, in which 28% of monitored braced patients required surgery. In addition, we found that predictive logistic regression can evaluate the likelihood of future spine surgery in patients treated with the Providence orthosis. The severity of the initial curve magnitude and total months of bracing were the 2 most important variables when assessing the probability of future surgery. Surgeons can use this model to counsel families on the potential benefits of bracing and risk factors for curve progression.
The Reviewer Academy of the Society of Critical Care Medicine: Key Principles and Strategic Plan
Authors: Alexander Peta M.A. , Aslakson Rebecca A. , Barreto Erin F. , Lee Jan Hau , Meissen Heather , Morrow Brenda M. , Nazer Lama , Branson Richard D. , Mayer Kirby P. , Napolitano Natalie , Lane-Fall Meghan B. , Sikora Andrea , John Preeti R. , Dellinger R. Phillip , Parker Margaret , Argent Andrew , Boateng Adjoa , Green Thomas P. , Kudchadkar Sapna R. , Maslove David M. , Rech Megan A. , Sorce Lauren R. , Tasker Robert C. , Buchman Timothy G. , Checchia Paul A.
Published: June 2023

The Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) Reviewer Academy seeks to train and establish a community of trusted, reliable, and skilled peer reviewers with diverse backgrounds and interests to promote high-quality reviews for each of the SCCM journals. Goals of the Academy include building accessible resources to highlight qualities of excellent manuscript reviews; educating and mentoring a diverse group of healthcare professionals; and establishing and upholding standards for insightful and informative reviews. This manuscript will map the mission of the Reviewer Academy with a succinct summary of the importance of peer review, process of reviewing a manuscript, and the expected ethical standards of reviewers. We will equip readers to target concise, thoughtful feedback as peer reviewers, advance their understanding of the editorial process and inspire readers to integrate medical journalism into diverse professional careers.
Genetic analysis of transcription factors in dopaminergic neuronal development in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhao Yuwen , Qin Lixia , Pan Hongxu , Song Tingwei , Wang Yige , Zhou Xiaoxia , Xiang Yaqin , Li Jinchen , Liu Zhenhua , Sun Qiying , Guo Jifeng , Yan Xinxiang , Tang Beisha , Xu Qian
Published: June 2023

Background:

Genetic variants of dopaminergic transcription factor-encoding genes are suggested to be Parkinson's disease (PD) risk factors; however, no comprehensive analyses of these genes in patients with PD have been undertaken. Therefore, we aimed to genetically analyze 16 dopaminergic transcription factor genes in Chinese patients with PD.

Methods:

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed using a Chinese cohort comprising 1917 unrelated patients with familial or sporadic early-onset PD and 1652 controls. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using another Chinese cohort comprising 1962 unrelated patients with sporadic late-onset PD and 1279 controls.

Results:

We detected 308 rare and 208 rare protein-altering variants in the WES and WGS cohorts, respectively. Gene-based association analyses of rare variants suggested that MSX1 is enriched in sporadic late-onset PD. However, the significance did not pass the Bonferroni correction. Meanwhile, 72 and 1730 common variants were found in the WES and WGS cohorts, respectively. Unfortunately, single-variant logistic association analyses did not identify significant associations between common variants and PD.

Conclusions:

Variants of 16 typical dopaminergic transcription factors might not be major genetic risk factors for PD in Chinese patients. However, we highlight the complexity of PD and the need for extensive research elucidating its etiology.
Imlifidase Desensitization in HLA-incompatible Kidney Transplantation: Finding the Sweet Spot
Authors: de Weerd Annelies E. , Roelen Dave L. , van de Wetering Jacqueline , Betjes Michiel G.H. , Heidt Sebastiaan , Reinders Marlies E.J.
Published: June 2023

Imlifidase, derived from a Streptococcus pyogenes enzyme, cleaves the entire immunoglobulin G pool within hours after administration in fully cleaved antigen-binding and crystallizable fragments. These cleaved fragments can no longer exert their antibody-dependent cytotoxic functions, thereby creating a window to permit HLA-incompatible kidney transplantation. Imlifidase is labeled, in Europe only, for deceased donor kidney transplantation in highly sensitized patients, whose chances for an HLA-compatible transplant are negligible. This review discusses outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies on imlifidase and describes the phase III desensitization trials that are currently enrolling patients. A comparison is made with other desensitization methods. The review discusses the immunological work-up of imlifidase candidates and especially the “delisting strategy” of antigens that shift from unacceptable to acceptable with imlifidase desensitization. Other considerations for clinical implementation, such as adaptation of induction protocols, are also discussed. Imlifidase cleaves most of the currently used induction agents except for horse antithymocyte globulin, and rebound of donor-specific antibodies should be managed. Another consideration is the timing and interpretation of (virtual) crossmatches when bringing this novel desensitization agent into the clinic.
Repeatable negotiation rules? Only females show repeatable responses to partner removal in a brood-provisioning songbird
Authors: Baldan Davide , Beccardi Matteo , Fuertes-Recuero Manuel , Schiavinato Matteo , Zampa Lia , Pilastro Andrea , Cantarero Alejandro
Published: June 2023

Theoretical models indicate that the evolution of biparental care depends on how parents behaviourally negotiate their level of care in response to those of their partner and whether sexes and individuals consistently vary in their response (compensatory response). While the compensatory response has been widely investigated empirically, its repeatability has rarely been assessed. In this study, we used a reaction norm approach to investigate the repeatability of the compensatory offspring provisioning of a parent after temporary removal of its partner in the pied flycatcher (
Ficedula hypoleuca
) across different breeding seasons and partners. We found that only females partially compensated for the short-term removal of the partner and their response was significantly repeatable across years while breeding with different partners. This study highlights the importance of considering among individual differences in negotiation rules to better understand the role of negotiation mechanisms in the evolution of parental care strategies.
The genome of the reef-building glass spongeAphrocallistes vastusprovides insights into silica biomineralization
Authors: Francis Warren R. , Eitel Michael , Vargas Sergio , Garcia-Escudero Catalina A. , Conci Nicola , Deister Fabian , Mah Jasmine L. , Guiglielmoni Nadège , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Leys Sally P. , Wörheide Gert
Published: June 2023

Well-annotated and contiguous genomes are an indispensable resource for understanding the evolution, development, and metabolic capacities of organisms. Sponges, an ecologically important non-bilaterian group of primarily filter-feeding sessile aquatic organisms, are underrepresented with respect to available genomic resources. Here we provide a high-quality and well-annotated genome ofAphrocallistes vastus, a glass sponge (Porifera: Hexactinellida) that forms large reef structures off the coast of British Columbia (Canada). We show that its genome is approximately 80 Mb, small compared to most other metazoans, and contains nearly 2500 nested genes, more than other genomes. Hexactinellida is characterized by a unique skeletal architecture made of amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2), and we identified 419 differentially expressed genes between the osculum, i.e. the vertical growth zone of the sponge, and the main body. Among the upregulated ones, mineralization-related genes such as glassin, as well as collagens and actins, dominate the expression profile during growth. Silicateins, suggested being involved in silica mineralization, especially in demosponges, were not found at all in theA. vastusgenome and suggests that the underlying mechanisms of SiO2deposition in the Siliceasensu stricto(Hexactinellida + Demospongiae) may not be homologous.
Compositional shifts within the denture-associated bacteriome in pneumonia – an analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Twigg Joshua A. , Smith Ann , Haury Clotilde , Wilson Melanie J. , Lees Jonathan , Waters Mark , Williams David W.
Published: June 2023

Introduction. Bacterial pneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals. While the incidence of edentulism is falling, approximately 19 % of the UK population wear a full or partial removable denture. Despite advances in denture biomaterials, the majority of dentures are fabricated using polymethyl-methacrylate. Growing evidence suggests that colonization of the oral cavity by putative respiratory pathogens predisposes individuals to respiratory infection, by translocation of these microorganisms along the respiratory tract.

Hypothesis/Gap Statement. We hypothesized that denture surfaces provide a susceptible colonization site for putative respiratory pathogens, and thus could increase pneumonia risk in susceptible individuals.

Aim. This study aimed to characterize the bacterial community composition of denture-wearers in respiratory health compared with individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia.

Methodology. This was an analytical cross-sectional study, comparing frail elderly individuals without respiratory infection (n=35) to hospitalized patients with pneumonia (n=26). The primary outcome was the relative abundance of putative respiratory pathogens identified by 16S rRNA metataxonomic sequencing, with quantitative PCR used to identified

Streptococcus pneumoniae

.

Results. There was a statistically significant increase in the overall relative abundance of putative respiratory pathogens (P<0.0001), with a greater than 20-fold increase in the bioburden of these microorganisms. In keeping with these findings, there were significant shifts in bacterial community diversity (Chao index, P=0.0003) and richness (Inverse Simpson index P<0.0001) in the denture-associated microbiota of pneumonia patients compared with control subjects.

Conclusion. Within the limitations of this study, our evidence supports the role of denture acrylic biomaterials as a potential colonization site for putative respiratory pathogens, which may lead to an increased risk of pneumonia in susceptible individuals. These findings support prior observational studies which have found denture-wearers to be at increased risk of respiratory infection. Further research is needed to confirm the sequence of colonization and translocation to examine potential causal relationships.
Validation of the Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) in an Indian Sample
Authors: Bhattacharya Mahashweta , Kashyap Himani , Balachander Srinivas , Reddy YC Janardhan
Published: June 2023

Background

Brief self-report measures of cognition are advantageous for flagging significant cognitive dysfunction and minimising the need for extensive neuropsychological assessments. The Cognitive Assessment Instrument for Obsessions and Compulsions (CAIOC-13) is a recently developed 13-item self-rated scale, assessing everyday functional difficulties resulting from cognitive dysfunction specific to those reported by individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) e.g., difficulties with reading, making choices, slowness, perfectionism & procrastination). This study was undertaken to validate the CAIOC-13 in an Indian sample of individuals with OCD.

Material and Methods

A total of 75 subjects with OCD and 81 non-clinical controls completed the CAIOC-13, the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ) and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Short Form (DAS-SF1). Pearson’s r correlation was used to establish the convergent and divergent validity with PDQ and DAS-SF1 respectively; the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the discriminant validity, and the factorial structure was evaluated using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

Results

CAIOC-13 scale scores showed a strong significant correlation (r = 0.56 p <0.001) with PDQ scores and a weak correlation with DAS-SF1 scores (r = 0.33 p = 0.003). Area Under the ROC curve (AUC) value was found to be 0.92 indicating that the CAIOC-13 could accurately discriminate between OCD and controls. The PCA analysis also showed a strong loading on a single component.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the CAIOC-13 is a valid tool for briefly assessing cognitive deficits in individuals with OCD in India. Future studies may also examine the correlation of CAIOC-13 with standardized neuropsychological assessments.
Tracing the evolutionary path of the CCR5delta32 deletion via ancient and modern genomes
Authors: Ravn Kirstine , Cobuccio Leonardo , Muktupavela Rasa Audange , Meisner Jonas , Benros Michael Eriksen , Korneliussen Thorfinn Sand , Sikora Martin , Willerslev Eske , Allentoft Morten E. , Irving-Pease Evan K. , Racimo Fernando , Rasmussen Simon
Published: June 2023

The chemokine receptor variant CCR5delta32 is linked to HIV-1 infection resistance and other pathological conditions. In European populations, the allele frequency ranges from 10-16%, and its evolution has been extensively debated throughout the years. We provide a detailed perspective of the evolutionary history of the deletion through time and space. We discovered that the CCR5delta32 allele arose on a pre-existing haplotype consisting of 84 variants. Using this information, we developed a haplotype-aware probabilistic model to screen for this deletion across 860 low-coverage ancient genomes and we found evidence that CCR5delta32 arose at least 7,000 years BP, with a likely origin somewhere in the Western Eurasian Steppe region. We further show evidence that the CCR5delta32 haplotype underwent positive selection between 7,000-2,000 BP in Western Eurasia and that the presence of the haplotype in Latin America can be explained by post-Columbian genetic exchanges. Finally, we point to new complex CCR5delta32 genotype-haplotype-phenotype relationships, which demand consideration when targeting the CCR5 receptor for therapeutic strategies.
Orthologous marker groups reveal broad cell identity conservation across plant single-cell transcriptomes
Authors: Chau Tran N. , Timilsena Prakash Raj , Bathala Sai Pavan , Kundu Sanchari , Bargmann Bastiaan O. R. , Li Song
Published: June 2023

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has been widely used in characterizing various cell types from in plant growth and development1–6. Applications of this technology in Arabidopsis have benefited from the extensive knowledge of cell-type identity markers7,8. Contrastingly, accurate labeling of cell types in other plant species remains a challenge due to the scarcity of known marker genes9. Various approaches have been explored to address this issue; however, studies have found many closest orthologs of cell-type identity marker genes in Arabidopsis do not exhibit the same cell-type identity across diverse plant species10,11. To address this challenge, we have developed a novel computational strategy called Orthologous Marker Gene Groups (OMGs). We demonstrated that using OMGs as a unit to determine cell type identity enables assignment of cell types by comparing 15 distantly related species. Our analysis revealed 14 dominant clusters with substantial conservation in shared cell-type markers across monocots and dicots.
Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infections in sequential male sex partners of young females
Authors: Arthur Andrew W. , El-Zein Mariam , Burchell Ann N. , Tellier Pierre-Paul , Coutlée Francois , Franco Eduardo L.
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Couple-based studies have considered human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission between current heterosexual partners (male↔female). Using data from young women and their sequential male partners in the HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity (HITCH) study, we analysed HPV transmission from upstream sexual partnerships (male 1↔female) to downstream sex partners (→male 2).

Methods

Among 502 females enrolled in the HITCH study (2005-2011, Montréal, Canada), 42 brought one male sex partner at baseline (male 1) and another during follow-up (male 2). Female genital samples, collected at 6 visits over 24 months, and male genital samples, collected at 2 visits over 4 months, were tested for 36 HPV types (n=1512 detectable infections). We calculated observed/expected ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type-specific HPV concordance between males 1 and 2. Using mixed-effects regression, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for male 2 testing positive for the same HPV type as male 1.

Results

Detection of the same HPV type in males 1 and 2 occurred 2.6 times (CI:1.9-3.5) more often than chance. The OR for male 2 positivity was 4.2 (CI:2.5-7.0). Adjusting for the number of times the linking female tested positive for the same HPV type attenuated the relationship between male 1 and 2 positivity, suggesting mediation.

Conclusions

High type-specific HPV concordance between males 1 and 2 confirms HPV’s transmissibility in chains of sequential young adult sexual partnerships. HPV positivity in an upstream partnership predicted positivity in a downstream male when the linking female partner was persistently positive.
A Pilot Study of Stereoelectroencephalography Electrodes in a Patient with Refractory Chronic Migraine: Personalized Targets for Precise Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Zhao Hulin , Zhang Shuhua , Wang Yining , Zhang Chuting , Gong Zihua , Zhang Mingjie , Dai Wei , Ran Ye , Shi Wenbin , Dang Yuanyuan , Liu Aijun , Zhang Zhengbo , Yeh Chien-Hung , Dong Zhao
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives

The complexity of neural circuits and the heterogeneity of brain networks are barriers for further improving the efficacy of DBS. This study aimed to establish a clinical paradigm to personalize the design of DBS in patients with refractory headache, which would constitute a milestone in this field.

Methods

We implanted 14 stereoelectroencephalography electrodes in a patient with refractory migraine for clinical monitoring and electrophysiological recording. During monitoring, we collected the VAS score in 5-min increments, and recorded electrophysiological data in real-time. Data were classified into two types of symptoms (high and low symptoms) for determining the spectral power features of specific brain regions reflecting pain fluctuations, which we called Biomarker, using statistical analyses and cross-validated machine-learning models. During stimulation, we tested the clinical effect through a systematic bipolar stimulation survey and blinded sham-controlled stimulation studies, and collected real-time electrophysiological data. Based on the identification of brain areas with clinical improvement, the optimal target for stimulate was determined by validating the clinical response against the biomarker, and phase-amplitude coupling finally.

Results

For biomarker, RNAc-HFO was the most considerably correlated with VAS score (rho = 0.5292,p< 0.0001), and differed significantly between mild and severe pain levels (p= 0.0003), also with the greatest weighting in the characteristic ranking. The machine-learning model showed an accuracy and AUC remaining at 75.51% and 0.77, respectively, for RAC-HFO. For target, LdACC was identified as the most effective stimulation target, based on the VAS score reported over the stimulation period. VAS score (p= 0.006), RNAc-HFO (p= 0.0029) were significantly improved after stimulation compared to pre-stimulation in LdACC. The significant modulatory effect of RNAc-HFO by the low-frequency phase of LdACC also confirmed the modulatory effect of LdACC and RNAc during headache fluctuation.

Discussion

As a pilot study for exploring precise and personalized DBS in refractory migraine, we identified the biomarker and optimal target via the integration of clinical and electrophysiological data. The concept of the proposed data-driven approach to optimizing personalized treatment strategies for DBS may create a new frontier in the field of refractory headache and pain.
Pre-Injury Frailty and Clinical Care Trajectory of Geriatric Trauma Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of A Large Level I US Trauma Center
Authors: Adeyemi Oluwaseun , Grudzen Corita , DiMaggio Charles , Wittman Ian , Velez-Rosborough Ana , Arcila-Mesa Mauricio , Cuthel Allison , Poracky Helen , Meyman Polina , Chodosh Joshua
Published: June 2023

Background

Pre-injury frailty among older trauma patients is a predictor of increased morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine the relationship between frailty status and the care trajectories of older adult patients who underwent frailty screening in the emergency department (ED).

Methods

Using a retrospective cohort design of a single institutional trauma database, we pooled data on trauma patients, 65 years and older, who had frailty screening at ED presentation (N=987). The predictor variable was frailty status, measured as either robust, pre-frail, or frail. The outcome variables were measures of clinical care trajectory: inpatient admission, length of hospital stay, home discharge, and discharge to rehabilitation. We controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, injury type and severity, and Glasgow Coma Scale score. We performed multivariable logistic and quantile regressions to measure the influence of frailty on post-trauma care trajectories.

Results

The mean (SD) age of the study population was 81 (9.0) years and the population was predominantly female (66%) and non-Hispanic White (64%). Compared to older adult trauma patients classified as robust, those categorized as frail had 2.8 (95% CI: 1.75 – 4.40), 0.4 (95% CI: 0.27 – 0.63), and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.38 – 3.27) times the adjusted odds of hospital admission, home discharge, and discharge to rehabilitation, respectively. Those classified as pre-frail (Adjusted MD: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.46 – 1.54) and frail (Adjusted MD: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.35 – 2.65) had longer lengths of hospital stay compared to those classified as robust.

Conclusion

Pre-injury frailty is a predictor of care trajectories for older-adult trauma patients.
A review of scientific theories used to justify the delivery of school-based mindfulness programmes. A protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Abbott Pamela , Nixon Graeme , Stanley Isabel , D’Ambruoso Lucia
Published: June 2023

Background

Mindfulness-based interventions are increasingly delivered in schools with the aim of promoting the mental wellbeing of pupils. The apparent success of such interventions has led to calls for mindfulness to be included in the school curriculum. However, the findings are more mixed than is often acknowledged and this may in part be because the theories justifying are rarely considered. Understanding the scientific theories underpinning SBMIs may improve the outcomes from interventions. In this paper we outline our scoping review protocol to systematically review the literature to map the scientific theories that have been identified to justify using school-based mindfulness interventions to promote pupils’ wellbeing.

Methods

The scoping review methodology will guide the conduct of the review. We will limit our search to scholarly databases and PhD theses to ensure the credibility of the theories. The following databases will be used: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed Central, Scopus and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Two reviewers will independently screen all abstracts and full-text studies for inclusion. We will include any study that includes a theoretical explanation linking a mindfulness intervention with its impact. Information from the papers will be extracted using a framework developed by the team.

Discussion

The scoping review will map, classify and compare scientific theories that have been used in the literature to justify the use of school-based mindfulness intervention to promote pupils’ mental wellbeing. The findings will be disseminated through a peer -reviewed journal article, conference presentations, our project website and social media.
Association between child marriage and intimate partner violence. A comparative analysis of Uganda Demographic Health Surveys 2011 and 2016
Authors: Fokukora Theopista , Alangea Deda Ogum , Amoah Emefa Modey , Godi Anthony
Published: June 2023

The incidence of child marriage (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV) are high in Uganda. The study sought to assess the association between child marriage and IPV across two waves of the Ugandan Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS). The evidence is important to inform policy implementation strategies aimed at curbing child marriages and IPV.

We analyzed data from UDHS 2011 and 2016. The analysis was restricted to women who have ever cohabited. Simple and multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between child marriage and IPV.

Following the 2011 and 2016 UDHS findings, child marriage was 54.7% in 2011 and 47.4% in 2016. Child marriage among the current adolescents increased from 9.4% in 2011 to 14.2% in 2016. According to UDHS 2011, 40.0% and 39.0% experienced physical and sexual violence respectively. In 2011 and 2016, 23.1% and 17.4% experienced both physical and sexual violence. There are higher odds of physical violence among child marriages compared to adult marriages in 2011 and 2016 (AOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.12-1.84 in 2011 and AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.12-1.42). A wealthy or educated woman has lower odds (AOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41-0.91 and AOR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.25-0.66) to experience both physical violence and sexual violence than a poor or uneducated one. Alcohol is the most common cause of IPV. A woman married to an husband who consumes alcohol has higher odds of experiencing physical, sexual or both physical and sexual violence as compared to someone whose husband did not consume alcohol (AOR = 2.23; 95% CI:1.61-3.09 in 2011 and AOR = 2.42; 95% CI: 2.15-2.73 in 2016)

Intimate Partner Violence is associated with child marriage, level of education, wealth quintile, residence, and partner’s alcohol consumption. Much emphasis needs to be directed to cultural, as well as social economic factors but more specifically on the contribution of women emancipation/empowerment to prevent IPV.
Pan-genome analysis of six completeParacoccustype strain genomes from hybrid next generation sequencing
Authors: Hollensteiner Jacqueline , Schneider Dominik , Poehlein Anja , Brinkhoff Thorsten , Daniel Rolf
Published: June 2023

The genusParacoccus capable of inhabiting a variety of different ecological niches both, marine and terrestrial is globally distributed. In addition,Paracoccusis taxonomically, metabolically and regarding lifestyle highly diverse. Until now, little is known on howParacoccuscan adapt to such a range of different ecological niches and lifestyles. In the present study, the genusParacoccuswas phylogenomically analyzed (n = 160) and revisited, allowing species level classification of 16 so far unclassifiedParacoccussp. strains and detection of five misclassifications. Moreover, we performed pan-genome analysis ofParacoccus-type strains, isolated from a variety of ecological niches, including different soils, tidal flat sediment, host association such as the bluespotted cornetfish,Bugula plumosa, and the reef-building coralStylophora pistillatato elucidate either i) the importance of lifestyle and adaptation potential, and ii) the role of the genomic equipment and niche adaptation potential. Six complete genomes werede novohybrid assembled using a combination of short and long-read technologies. TheseParacoccusgenomes increase the number of completely closed high-quality genomes of type strains from 15 to 21. Pan-genome analysis revealed an open pan-genome composed of 13,819 genes with a minimal chromosomal core (8.84 %) highlighting the genomic adaptation potential and the huge impact of extra-chromosomal elements. All genomes are shaped by the acquisition of various mobile genetic elements including genomic islands, prophages, transposases, and insertion sequences emphasizing their genomic plasticity. In terms of lifestyle, each mobile genetic elements should be evaluated separately with respect to the ecological context. Free- living genomes, in contrast to host-associated, tend to comprise (1) larger genomes, or the highest number of extra-chromosomal elements, (2) higher number of genomic islands and insertion sequence elements, and (3) a lower number of intact prophage regions. Due to the vast number of adaptive genes,Paracoccuscan quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions.
Explanations for higher-than-expected mortality from April 2021: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Douglas Margaret , McCartney Gerry , Walsh David , Donaghy Grant , Rae David , Wild Sarah , Ramsay Julie
Published: June 2023

Objective

The objective of this scoping review is to identify the explanations that have been proposed for higher-than-expected mortality following the first pandemic year, and any evidence to support or refute these explanations.

Introduction

Mortality rates have remained high compared to previous years, beyond the peak waves of Covid-19 mortality. Several explanations have been suggested for this. Identifying potential hypotheses and empirical studies investigating these is the first step before any further analytical work to investigate these trends can be undertaken.

Inclusion criteria

The scoping review will include papers proposing or investigating hypotheses for raised all cause or cause specific mortality, or reduced life expectancy, from April 2021 onwards compared to pre-pandemic levels. It will include papers on mortality in the whole population or any specific demographic sub-populations, in high income countries only, but exclude studies of mortality or survival following a healthcare intervention.

Methods

A systematic search will be undertaken on Medline, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant articles published from 2021 onwards in English, with a similar search for grey literature on relevant government websites. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, then full text articles with disagreements resolved by discussion or involvement of a third reviewer. Data extracted from selected articles will include the setting, population, hypothesis/es proposed, study type and findings if relevant. Included papers will be tabulated against the proposed hypotheses with any empirical evidence and hypotheses summarised narratively.
A New Multiplex TaqMan qPCR for Precise Detection and Quantification ofClavibacter michiganensisin Seeds and Plant Tissue
Authors: Brochu Anne-Sophie , Dumonceaux Tim J. , Valenzuela Miryam , Bélanger Richard , Pérez-López Edel
Published: June 2023

Bacterial canker of tomato caused byClavibacter michiganensis(Cm) is one of the most devastating bacterial diseases affecting the tomato industry worldwide. As the result ofCmcolonization of the xylem, the susceptible host shows typical symptoms of wilt, marginal leaf necrosis, stem cankers, and ultimately plant death. However, is the ability ofCmto infect seeds and plants without causing symptoms what makes it an even more dangerous pathogen. Unfortunately, there are no resistant cultivars or effective chemical or biological control methods available to growers againstCm. Its control relies heavily on prevention. The implementation of a rapid and accurate detection tool is imperative to monitor the presence ofCmand prevent its spread. In this study, we developed a specific and sensitive multiplex TaqMan qPCR assay to detectCmand distinguish it from related bacterial species that affect tomato plants. TwoCmchromosomal virulence-related genes,rhuM andtomA, were used as specific targets. The plant internal controltubulin alpha-3was included in each of the multiplexes to improve the reliability of the assay. Specificity was evaluated with 37 bacterial strains and more than 120 samples, including otherClavibacterspp. and related and unrelated bacterial pathogens from different geographic locations affecting a wide variety of hosts. Results showed that the assay was able to screen allCmstrains against other related bacteria. The assay was validated on tissue and seed samples following artificial infection and all tested samples accurately detected the presence ofCm. The tool described here is highly specific, sensitive, and reliable for the detection ofCmand allows the quantification ofCmin seeds, roots, stems, and leaves, finding a lower abundance ofCmin the roots compared to the other parts of the plant. The diagnostic assay can also be adapted for multiple purposes such as seed certification programs, surveillance, biosafety, the effectiveness of control methods, border protection, and epidemiological studies.