bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Music as a means to accomplish ideological tasks: Pula (Istria, Croatia) in the formative years of Yugoslav socialism (1947–1955)
Authors: Duraković Lada
Published: January 2019

After the signing of the Paris Peace Treaty in September 1947, Pula, a town in the south of the Istrian peninsula in Croatia, became a part of the People’s Republic of Croatia and Yugoslavia. The period after the takeover of the city by the Communist authorities until the mid-1950s was marked by intense emigration, mostly of the Italian population, and also by re-industrialization and urbanization. At the same time, the process of forming art and culture according to the new ideological demands began. The instrumentalization of cultural life by ideology in the period between 1947 and 1955 left a significant trace on Pula’s musical life. One of the main tasks of the authorities in the field of music culture was to promote musical education and popularize musical art, which was to be made available to a wider audience, especially labourers. The choice of music genres was narrowed significantly in order to ensure a close connection between the artist, his work, and the people. In the formative period of socialism in Pula, a music school opened, numerous cultural and artistic societies were established, operas were regularly performed at the theater and the Arena, and the city even had an operetta ensemble.
Otherness in the Clinical Borderlands
Authors: Kovarsky Dana
Published: January 2019

Clinical practice represents a kind of cultural borderland territory bringing together people from different walks of life with distinctive social experiences and expectations related to gender, age, status, and health, to name a few, who otherwise might not encounter one another (Mattingly, 2010). In these borderland encounters, culture is realized and made relevant during moments of social differentiation. This paper focuses on how such social differences manifest themselves in clinical discourse through encounters with otherness—otherness referring to a negative cultural capacity to transform those who are different into devalued Others. Interrelated themes of space, change and transformation, group membership categorization, and the structuring of participation in clinical interaction are used as an exploratory framework to illuminate the construction of otherness. By conceiving of the clinical world as a territory where otherness is woven into the experiences of those we are seeking to help, it is hoped that practitioners will be encouraged to develop a more nuanced understanding of clinical practice as cultural borderlands.
COMPLIANCE OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS WITH VACCINATION AS THE FACTOR OF FORMATION OF POSITIVE ATTITUDE TOWARDS VACCINATION IN THE POPULATION
Authors: Platonova T. A. , Koltunova E. S. , Olshvang O. Yu. , Golubkova A. A.
Published: January 2019

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THE PREVALENCE AND MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILA IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNITS
Authors: Zueva E. V. , Ostankova Yu. V. , Zueva E. B.
Published: January 2019

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DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ANTI-INFLUENZA COMPOUND BASED ON CAMPHOR SCAFFOLD
Authors: Zarubaev V. V. , Lavrentieva I. N. , Yarovaya O. I. , Sokolova A. S. , Salakhutdinov N. F.
Published: January 2019

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MODERN LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS OF ESСHERICHIOSIS
Authors: Makarova M. A. , Matveeva Z. N. , Kaftyreva L. A.
Published: January 2019

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THE USE OF RAPD-PCR FOR GENOTYPING OF S. ENTERITIDIS ISOLATED DURING THE OUTBREAK
Authors: Porin A. A. , Makarova M. A. , Matveeva Z. N. , Mikhailov N. V. , Kaftyreva L. A.
Published: January 2019

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IDENTIFICATION OF ROTAVIRUS IAND E-GENOTYPES BY MULTIPLEX PCR METHOD
Authors: Sashina T. A. , Morozova O. V. , Epifanova N. V. , Migunova T. A. , Polyakov N. A. , Novikova N. A.
Published: January 2019

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CXCL10 GENE PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM A-1447G MODULATES PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN SERUM AND ASSOCIATED WITH INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS IN FEMALE ONCOHEMATOLOGICAL PATIENTS
Authors: Taraskina A. E. , Frolova E. V. , Shadrivova O. V. , Uchevatkina A. E. , Filippova L. V. , Ignat’eva S. M. , Spiridonova V. A. , Bogomolova T. S. , Klimko N. N. , Vasilyeva N. V.
Published: January 2019

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ISLAND RND FOUND IN A STRAIN OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE ISOLATED IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Vodop’ianov S. O. , Vodop’ianov A. S. , Pisanov R. V. , Borodina T. N. , Oleynikov I. P. , Titova S. V.
Published: January 2019

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DETECTION OF PRIMATE ERYTHROPARVOVIRUS 1 DNA IN BLOOD SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH ERYTHEMA
Authors: Antipova A. Yu. , Zheleznova N. V. , Bichurina M. A. , Lavrentieva I. N.
Published: January 2019

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PARVOVIRUS INFECTION: DISSEMINATION, MEDICAL-SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Lavrentieva I. N. , Antipova A. Yu. , Khamitova I. V. , Bichurina M. A.
Published: January 2019

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IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF HERPETIC VACCINE, CULTURAL, INACTIVE
Authors: Shitikova G. S. , Turova E. P.
Published: January 2019

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IMMUNIZATION WITH UNIVERSAL INFLUENZA VACCINE ENHANCES IMMUNE RESPONSE TO SUBSEQUENT INFECTION
Authors: Shuklina M. A. , Stepanova L. A. , Vidyaeva I. G. , Korotkov A. V. , Eletskaya E. I. , Tsybalova L. M.
Published: January 2019

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CROSS-ANTIGENIC AND IMMUNOGENIC FEATURES OF CANONICAL AND NEW GENOGROUPS OF ENTEROVIRUS 71
Authors: Volle R. , Luo L. , Razafindratsimandresy R. , SadeuhMba S. , Gouandjika I. , Horwood P. , Duong V. , Buchy P. , Huang Z. , Duizer E. , Martin J. , Chakrabarti L. A. , Dussart P. , Delpeyroux F.
Published: January 2019

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INFLUENCE OF THE NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS ON SOME INDICES OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN TUMOR-BEARING RATS
Authors: Zlatnik E. Yu. , Sitkovskaya A. O. , Shulgina O. G. , Bondarenko E. S. , Zolotarev E. I.
Published: January 2019

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EVOLUTION OF THE VP1 REGION TYPE 2 VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUS SHEDDING FROM AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED ALGERIAN CHILD
Authors: Boulahbal-Anes D. , Chikhaoui S. , Bouraoude S. , Chouchane A. , Joffret M.-L. , Delpeyroux F. , Seghier M.
Published: January 2019

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INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE PROJECT ON TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS IN THE BARENTS REGION
Authors: Freylikhman O. , Panferova Yu. , Tokarevich N. , Paulsen K. M. , Soleng A. , Edgar K. S. , Kjelland V. , Stuen S. , Jenkins A. , Stoyanova N. , Blinova O. , Voloshuk M. , Sokolova O. , Gorbatova M. , Bubnova L. , Komissarova M. , Chkhindzheriya I. , Shapar A. , Madoyan A. , Zabolotnov A. , Kalinina E. , Stankevich A. , Tronin A. , Karan L. , Andreassen A. K.
Published: January 2019

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IS THERE A TRANSOVARIAL TRANSMISSION OF TAIGA TICK (IXODES PERSULCATUS Sch.) AND THE SHEEP TICK (IXODES RICINUS (L.)) THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF IXODID TICK-BORNE BORRELIOSIS (BORRELIA BURGDORFERI s.l.)?
Authors: Grigoryeva L. A. , Miteva O. A. , Myasnikov V. A. , Gogolevsky A. S.
Published: January 2019

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COXIELLA BURNETII PREVALENCE IN TICKS IN THE ULYANOVSK REGION
Authors: Panferova Yu. A. , Freylikhman O. A. , Tokarevich N. K. , Nafeev A. A. , Sibaeva E. I.
Published: January 2019

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LESIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN SCHOOLCHILDREN INVASED BY LAMBLIA
Authors: Arakelyan R. S. , Okunskaya E. I. , Sergeeva N. A. , Karpenko S. F. , Galimzyanov Kh. M. , Konnovа O. V.
Published: January 2019

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VARIABILITY OF THE LEVEL OF INFLUENCE OF RED VOLE POPULATIONS BY HANTAVIRUS PUUMALA IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN IN 2015–2017
Authors: Savitskaya T. A. , Isayeva G. Sh. , Davidyuk Yu. N. , Rizvanov A. A. , Shamsutdinov A. F. , Kabve E. , Martynova Ye. V. , Ismagilova R. K. , Reshetnikova I. D. , Trifonov V. A. , Morzunov S. P. , Khaybullina S. F.
Published: January 2019

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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE OVER TICK-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS IN ARKHANGELSK REGION
Authors: Sokolova O. V. , Kovrov I. K. , Buzinov R. V.
Published: January 2019

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COOPERATION OF ZOOLOGICAL GROUP AND THE PCR LABORATORY FOR EVALUATION OF EPIZOOTICS IN REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
Authors: Sysa A. M. , Gazizov R. R. , Nigmatullina T. A. , Kazak A. A. , Kobyakov A. I. , Ivanova O. V. , Moskvina A. V.
Published: January 2019

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DATABASE OF LEPTOSPIRA PROTEIN SPECTRA FOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY IDENTIFICATION
Authors: Breneva N. V. , Samsonova A. P. , Petrov E. M. , Konovalova Zh. A. , Ostyak A. S. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: January 2019

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HETEROGENEITY OF POPULATIONS OF THE FLEA CITELLOPHILUS TESQUORUM ELBRUSENSIS DETECTED ON THE BASIS OF ANALYSIS OF PROTEOMIC PROFILES BY THE METHOD OF MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Kotenev E. S. , Koteneva E. A. , Belyavtstva L. I. , Kalinin A. V. , Kot L. A.
Published: January 2019

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MALDI-TOF MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS FOR DETECTION OF THE RIBOSOMAL MARKERS TO IDENTIFY OF YERSINIA KRISTENSENII STRAINS
Authors: Zueva E. V. , Bogumilchik E. A.
Published: January 2019

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INTRASPECIFIC DIVERSITY OF YERSINIA PESTIS CHAPERONE/USHER SECRETION APPARATUSES
Authors: Dentovskaya S. V. , Kadnikova L. A. , Kislichkina A. A. , Bogun A. G. , Anisimov A. P.
Published: January 2019

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MOLECULAR-GENETIC METHODS OF DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS AND ITS DRUG RESISTANCE IN ARKHANGELSK REGION IN 2017
Authors: Eliseev P. I. , Tarasova I. V. , Mariandyshev A. O.
Published: January 2019

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TB PORTALS PROGRAM: DATA-DRIVEN MULTINATIONAL CONSORTIUM AGAINST DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Gabrielian A. E. , Rosenthal A.
Published: January 2019

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ANALYSIS OF GENE MUTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH MDR AMONG MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS ISOLATED IN MOSCOW REGION
Authors: Alvarez Figueroa M. , Ludannyy R. , Kravtsova T. , Popov S. , Vyazovaya A. , Mokrousov I.
Published: January 2019

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GENOMICS AND LOCAL ADAPTATION OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM
Authors: Iwamoto T.
Published: January 2019

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GLOBAL WHO POLICIES ON MOLECULAR METHODS FOR TB DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Korobitsyn A.
Published: January 2019

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE H2 COMPLEX ON MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM INFECTION IN MICE
Authors: Linge I. A. , Petrova E. S. , Kondratieva E. V. , Apt A. S.
Published: January 2019

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COULD THE NEW INSIGHTS INTO PZA RESISTANCE PROVIDE ROUTE TO SHORTER MORE EFFECTIVE TB THERAPY?
Authors: Anthony R. M.
Published: January 2019

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POPULATION STRUCTURE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES FROM TB-HIV COINFECTED PATIENTS IN OMSK REGION, WEST SIBERIA, RUSSIA
Authors: Pasechnik O. A. , Vyazovaya A. A. , Mokrousov I. V.
Published: January 2019

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SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS IN hsp65 AND MACPPE12 GENES OF MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. HOMINISSUIS
Authors: Starkova D. , Iwamoto T. , Vyazovaya A. , Molchanov V. , Zhuravlev V. , Vishnevsky B. , Narvskaya O.
Published: January 2019

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GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ISOLATES IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Bakuła Z. , Pleń M. , Javed H. , Hashmi H. J. , Tahir Z. , Roeske K. , Jamil N. , Jagielski T.
Published: January 2019

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THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LEVELS OF PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE AND GENOTYPIC MUTATIONS OF M. TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Ciobanu N. , Alexandru S. , Chesov D. , Codreanu A. , Lange C. , Crudu V.
Published: January 2019

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THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST LETHAL TOXIN OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS IN A MOUSE MODEL
Authors: Muntian Ia. O. , Maryin M. A. , Ryabko A. K. , Zeninskaya N. A. , Pinchuk A. S. , Silkina M. V. , Firstova V. V. , Shemyakin I. G.
Published: January 2019

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THE CLINICAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH LEPTOSPIROSIS IN ST. PETERSBURG
Authors: Petrova O. A. , Stoyanova N. A. , Basina V. V. , Kulakova D. V. , Lubimova N. E. , Аrsentieva N. A. , Тоkarevich N. K. , Semenov A. V. , Тоtolian A. A.
Published: January 2019

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S. AUREUS/C. ALBICANS MONO- AND DUAL-SPECIES BIOFILMS
Authors: Postnikova O. N. , Chepurina D. V.
Published: January 2019

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SENSITIVITY OF BIOFILM CULTURES KLEBSIELLA spp. TO СIPROFLOXACIN
Authors: Tunik T. V. , Ivanova E. I. , Grigorova E. V. , Nemchenko U. M. , Budnikova Z. I.
Published: January 2019

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PHENOTYPES AND GENOTYPES OF CLASSICAL AND HYPERVIRULENT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE CLINICAL STRAINS ISOLATED IN MOSCOW IN 2013–2018
Authors: Fursova N. K. , Astashkin E. I. , Lev A. I. , Novikova T. S. , Fedyukina G. N. , Volozhantsev N. V.
Published: January 2019

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A novel approach to evaluation of the cooling performance of pavement coatings
Authors: Liang S. H. , Niu J. G. , Zeng W. H. , Ying Y. M. , Hui W. C.
Published: January 2019

On the basis of Grubbs’ method and linear regression to exclude abnormal values, a novel experimental design and corresponding procedures as well as a theoretical strategy on data processing were investigated in an attempt to improve the evaluation accuracy of the cooling effects of road coatings. Five types of new cooling coatings were developed according to the requirements of current asphalt pavements and the optimal regression variables for cooling effects were selected. The results showed that the coefficients of regression formulas for the cooling effect of the different cooling coatings were around 0·99, suggesting that there was a significant correlation among the fitting variables. In particular, if the temperature of the asphalt pavement was 60°C, the cooling effect of the new coatings reached a value of nearly ten per cent, indicating that the developed data processing method could solve the inaccuracy problem of experimental data caused by different environmental factors.
Behaviour of fine-grained gypsum-rich soil under triaxial tests
Authors: Razouki Sabah Said , Kuttah Dina K.
Published: January 2019

This study presents the unconsolidated undrained (UU) and consolidated undrained (CU) behaviour of a compacted gypsum-rich sandy lean clay with a total soluble salt content of 35% and a gypsum content of 33%. The compaction curve of the soil exhibits a double peak indicating two maximum dry densities and two optimum moisture content (OMC) values for the standard American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (Aashto) compaction effort. For triaxial testing, soil specimens were compacted at the wet OMC. UU triaxial tests on both unsoaked and 120 d soaked specimens in fresh water indicate a significant decrease of soil cohesion and angle of internal friction due to long-term soaking. An increase of compaction effort from that of standard Aashto to that of modified Aashto improved both soil strength parameters. CU triaxial tests were carried out on specimens compacted at standard Aashto compaction in a manufactured mould to prepare the triaxial soil specimens. The test results revealed that the stress paths for the tested samples differ markedly from those displaying the behaviour of overconsolidated soils, as discussed in detail in this paper.
Performance and calibration of moisture sensors in silane-coated granular materials
Authors: Zheng S. , Lourenço S. D. N.
Published: January 2019

Granular materials, such as soils, with synthetic water-repellent coatings have drawn increasing attention due to their potential to manipulate the response of the shallow ground to water infiltration. Within this context, the performance of soil moisture sensors in synthetic water-repellent soils needs to be evaluated. Water repellency can be achieved through silanisation, whereby particles are coated with thin silane coatings. Here, two soil moisture sensors (ECH2O EC-5 and ThetaProbe ML2x) were tested in three dimethyldichlorosilane (DMDCS)-treated granular materials (Fujian sand, crushed silica and completely decomposed granite (CDG)), by obtaining the soil-specific calibration equations using a two-step calibration approach. Electrical conductivity (EC) was incorporated into the equations to take DMDCS treatment into consideration. The results revealed that after silanisation, 3–4 d are necessary to establish water repellency, with the EC and contact angle used as indicators of its completion. The results also revealed that the output of the volumetric moisture sensors was increased in the DMDCS-treated soils. This influence was more acute at higher DMDCS concentrations and soil water contents, and regardless of the soil and sensor type. Differences in the calibration equations were documented and linked to the changes in the pore-water chemistry.
Engineering properties of clayey soil stabilised with alkali-activated slag
Authors: Davari Algoo Saeid , Akhlaghi Tohid , Ranjbarnia Masoud
Published: January 2019

The effects of alkali-activated slag on the engineering properties of clayey soil were investigated. The mix proportion parameters were chosen by using Taguchi's experimental design methodology. Four factors (ground-granulated blast-furnace slag content, concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, sodium hydroxide-to-sodium silicate weight ratio and alkaline solution-to-slag weight ratio) were assessed in order to obtain the greatest compaction properties, uniaxial compressive strength and California bearing ratio (CBR). Significant improvements were observed in the mechanical properties (unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and CBR) of the clayey soil with addition of the stabilisers. Optimal values (15% slag content, sodium hydroxide concentration of 6 M, sodium hydroxide-to-sodium silicate ratio of 0·5 and alkaline solution-to-slag ratio of 2·5) increased the UCS of the compound from 8 to 100 kg/cm2 at 7 d. The excessive addition of alkaline solutions weakened the strength parameters of the soil. The results showed that the most influential factor was the alkaline solution-to-slag weight ratio. The Taguchi method is an effective and suitable experimental method for optimising alkali-activated slag parameters.
Hiding behind culture: Using social defence systems to explore the malaise of the "old guard" in post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Auld S , Cartwright D
Published: January 2019

This paper focuses on the experiences of a group of white, Afrikaner, male, former South African Police members who sought psychotherapy during the post-apartheid period. A case study illustrates common themes and explores the applicability of social defence systems theory as a framework for making sense of their symptoms of emotional distress in the wake of threats to their established identity positions. Core findings reflect the painful divergence of psychic and social experiences and the undermining of defensive systems supported by apartheid social values.
The subject, the symbolic and nature
Authors: Hudson P
Published: January 2019

This article identifies the standard conception of the relationship between Nature and the Symbolic and contrasts it with that developed by the neuro-sciences, epigenetics and psychoanalysis. These latter develop a conception of nature as neither a self-sufficient totality that renders the human sciences redundant, nor as the merely passive substrate of the Symbolic. Here Nature requires "completion" by the Symbolic and vice-versa. In conclusion, the implications of this new articulation (of Nature and the Symbolic) for the status of the subject are addressed.
ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DE SISTEMAS DE PLANTIO MECANIZADO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA REGIÃO DE JAÚ-SP
Authors: Afonso Paulo Fernando do Nascimento , Esperancini Maura Seiko Tsutsui , Gava Glauber José de Castro , Bendinelli Wellington Gustavo
Published: January 2019

Nos últimos anos surgiram novas tecnologias de propagação de mudas da cana-de-açúcar que demandam diferentes operações de plantio, como o sistema de mudas pré-brotadas. A adoção do sistema de mudas pré-brotadas depende dos seus custos em relação aos dos sistemas atualmente adotados. O sistema de mudas pré-brotadas permite a redução do consumo de mudas, que cai de 20 t ha-1 no plantio mecanizado para 2 t ha-1, mas implica em maiores investimentos em infraestrutura e organização da produção das mudas. Os sistemas de plantio apresentam diferentes custos para a formação das mudas e diferentes custos operacionais de plantio em área comercial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o custo de três sistemas de plantio, desde a produção da muda até o plantio comercial. O estudo foi conduzido na Unidade de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (UPD) de Jaú/SP, da Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA) Pólo Centro-Oeste. O levantamento de dados foi feito a partir de diversas fontes para identificar os coeficientes técnicos de cada sistema, desde a obtenção da muda até a operação de plantio. Os preços dos insumos e serviços utilizados para estimar os custos dos viveiros e das operações de plantio tiveram como base o mês de julho de 2016. Comparou-se o custo de formação de viveiros e o custo da operação de plantio no sistema mecanizado (com plantadora ou distribuidora) em área comercial com o custo de formação de mudas pré-brotadas no viveiro matriz, casa de vegetação e custo operacional de plantio de mudas pré-brotadas (com máquina transplantadora). Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de plantio de mudas pré-brotadas apresentou o maior custo, com valor de R$ 8.935,0 ha-1 comparado aos sistemas de plantio mecanizado com plantadora, R$ 2.934,27 ha-1 e mecanizado com distribuidora, R$ 3.185,67 ha-1. Esses resultados são válidos em regiões onde o regime hídrico é adequado, pois não foram considerados possíveis custos com irrigação das mudas.
ARMAZENAMENTO DE GRÃOS DE CRAMBE [Crambe hyspanica subesp. abyssinica (Hochst ex R.E.Fr) PRINA]: SISTEMAS ANTIOXIDANTES, PIGMENTAÇÃO E METABOLISMO DE RESERVAS
Authors: Penariol da Silva Magnun Antonio , Biaggioni Marco Antonio Martin , Macedo Ana Cláudia , Ferreira Gisela , Bispo Brandão Fernando João
Published: January 2019

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a degradação de reservas, a variação da pigmentação e a atividade enzimáticas de grãos de crambe armazenados durante 12 meses. Os grãos de crambe foram colhidos com 10,2 % de teor de água e armazenados em sacos de papel, acondicionados em condições laboratoriais. As análises foram realizadas assim que os grãos foram colhidos (tempo 0) e aos 4, 8 e 12 meses de armazenamento. Após obtenção dos dados, os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). Conclui-se que a quantidade de lipídeos não variou significativamente, ao longo dos 12 meses armazenamento. No entanto, levando em consideração o aumento a pigmentação e a degradação dos açúcares solúveis totais, sugere-se o armazenamento dos grãos de crambe até 6 meses após a colheita.
DESEMPENHO DA TÉCNICA DEEP LEARNING NA ANÁLISE E CATEGORIZAÇÃO DE IMAGENS DE DEFEITO DE MADEIRA
Authors: Almeida Matheus Henrique Baldi , Gomes Roger Cristhian , Almeida Osvaldo Cesar Pinheiro , Ballarin Adriano Wagner
Published: January 2019

A inteligência artificial tem tido grandes avanços em seu campo de pesquisa, contribuindo muito em várias áreas, como a análise e categorização de imagens digitais com o emprego de aprendizado de máquina. Existem várias técnicas específicas para o reconhecimento de imagens e sua categorização, uma dessas técnicas, que utiliza redes neurais artificiais, envolve o estudo específico, a extração das características por meio da análise de dados da imagem do objeto que está sendo analisado e a especificação de qual será o impacto dessas características no modelo neural para cada uma das categorias, o que exige a imersão do pesquisador em uma área ou campo de pesquisa que não é de seu domínio. A Deep Learning, utilizando-se das redes neurais convolucionais artificiais tem a capacidade de aprender e extrair as características durante o treinamento, sem a especificação dessas características no modelo, sendo que, geralmente, apresentam resultados melhores do que aqueles observados por modelos de redes neurais que tiveram as características observadas e programadas por humanos. O objetivo desse trabalho é aplicar a Deep Learning com auxílio da linguagem Python e duas bibliotecas chamadas Keras e NumPy, na categorização de um conjunto de imagens de tábuas de madeira, avaliando seu desempenho. Foram elaborados e avaliados alguns modelos de rede neural convolucional aplicados nesse processo, obtendo resultados promissores, sendo que o melhor deles apresentou erro de categorização na ordem de cinco por cento.
Dynamic Analysis of Defaults and Prepayments in the Turkish Mortgage Market
Authors: Varlı Yusuf , Övenç Gökhan
Published: January 2019

We analyze the determinants of default and prepayment in the Turkish mortgage market by utilizing data obtained from a large commercial bank. Our main findings suggest that default is positively affected by a high loan to value ratio and term length of mortgages, and negatively affected by certain quantitative easing periods, good expectations regarding the future, the ratio of real house prices to the size of the economy and mortgage customer’s high school and above level of education and being married. The probability of prepayment rises with the increase in variables such as the gain ratio due to prepayment, high school and above level of education of the mortgage customer, size of the GDP and the ratio of real house prices to GDP. We also find that the likelihoods of both the cases of default and prepayment are locally maximized when nearly 60% of the term is reached.
Does Flypaper Effect Exist? New Evidence from Turkish Municipalities
Authors: ACAR Yasin
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we investigate the phenomenon of flypaper effect and its relation to the local tax effort, by using a new and detailed panel data set that consist of all province and district municipalities’ fiscal data in Turkey between 1997 and 2005. We use fixed effects and dynamic panel data specific GMM estimators to obtain the results. We provide new evidence using an advanced technique which is firstly used to uncover flypaper effect in Turkey. According to our estimations, the flypaper effect does exist for the Turkish municipalities. This result is robust to various model specifications and econometric techniques. Turkish municipalities also experience substitution effect of unconditional grants on the revenue collection efforts.
Hyperloop as an evolution of maglev
Authors: Santangelo Andrea
Published: January 2019

Hyperloop is often described as the "fifth mode of transportation" but, as the race between competing companies around the world intensifies, investors, governments and scientists remain cold and cautious. An educated guess from one of the first civil engineers involved with the design of a real-world hyperloop infrastructure tries to give some direction between hype and pragmatic design
Melatonin Through DNA Methylation Constricts Breast Cancer Growth Accelerated By Blue LED Light-At-Night In 4T1 Tumor-Bearing Mice
Authors: Zubidat Abed Elsalam
Published: January 2019

In an attempt to reduce Carbon Dioxide production, lighting technologies are aiming toward the developing of energetically efficient illumination sources as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). LED lamps emit light at short-wavelengths close to the sensitivity peak of melatonin suppression and expected to further exacerbate circadian disruption and cancer risk from increasing exposure to artificial light-at-night (ALAN). We report the effect of ALAN (1x30 min per night) emitted from yellow incandescent or blue-white LED bulbs and melatonin on urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-SMT), tumor growth, and global DNA methylation in 4T1 inoculated Balb/c female mice. Blue ALAN significantly decreased 6-SMT, increased tumor growths, and promoted metastasis formation verses yellow exposure. In blue-treated mice, DNA methylation levels were decreased in tumor and liver cells but not in lung and spleen cells compared with yellow-treated mice. Melatonin treatment inhibited tumor growth, reduced metastasis formation, and equally induced hypermethylation under the two spectral compositions. 6-SMTshowed strong inverse and direct correlations with tumor volume and methylation level, respectively. Finally, melatonin treatment increased relative spleen mass with no spectral differences compared with controls.We demonstrate for the first time that LED lighting can result in aggressive and rapid tumor growth compared with the counterpart incandescent technology, and our results strongly suggest that the mechanism of action by which this occurs is altering DNA methylation levels by ALAN-induced melatonin suppression. These findings further support evidence for the possible association between ALAN and hormone dependent cancer incidences and subsequently advance the need for developing more efficient and less harmful lighting solutions.
Identification of a Cervical Merkel Cell Carcinoma Using Intraoperative Near-Infrared Imaging
Authors: Singhal Kieran , Dunbar Ashley , Weinstein Gregory
Published: January 2019

Merkel Cell Carcinoma is a rare and aggressive skin cancer. Treatment is based on staging and relies on either surgical or radiation therapy. For surgeons, the primary challenge is identifying the extent of disease and clinically relevant lymph nodes for accurate staging. Thus, our group has proposed using near-infrared (NIR) imaging during neck dissections to delineate the tumor borders and draw the attention of the surgeon to suspicious lymph nodes. Here, we present a case report detailing how intraoperative imaging of the neck demonstrated tumor fluorescence in Level 1 and 2 lymph nodes. NIR imaging also located an additional lymph node which showed evidence of microscopic disease. This case demonstrates the use of intraoperative NIR imaging as a useful adjunct to facilitate identification of surgical borders of a Merkel cell tumor in the neck. Enhanced visualization and additional visual information from imaging can provide a significant advantage in the resection of head and neck cancers.
TOURISM, CHARITY, AND FATHERS’ FUNDRAISING STRATEGIES FOR THEIR CHILDREN’S EDUCATION ON THE KENYAN COAST
Authors: Chege Njeri , Schweppe Cornelia
Published: January 2019

Increasing empirical evidence shows that child-raising and children’s formal education are influenced by and embedded in cross-border processes and constellations. In Kenya’s South Coast region, widespread support for children’s education is taking place through the long-term relationships local men and women are establishing with tourists from the global North. In this regard, seemingly casual beach encounters initiated by local fathers — who invite western tourist acquaintances to visit their villages and homes — have become a common parental strategy for engaging with tourists who have the potential to become sponsors for their children. In this article we look at the social, economic, and political background against which the quest for sponsors through “village visits” has emerged. We unveil the complex and interrelated factors at global, national, and local levels that shape these livelihood strategies. Based on a case study in which we analyze a beach worker’s efforts to engage tourists as sponsors for his child’s formal education during a village visit, we argue that these village visits are fundraising strategies that are similar to those employed locally by child-oriented non-governmental organizations, and are shaped by the region’s deeply rooted “culture of charity”.
Gaius Sallustius Crispus’un Bellum Iugurthinum Adlı Eseri Üzerine Değerlendirmeler
Authors: BOYANA Hülya
Published: January 2019

MÖ I. yüzyılda yaşamış olan C. Sallustius Crispus bilimsel tarihçiliği ve eserlerinin felsefi derinlik taşıması bakımından önemli bir tarih yazarıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Sallustius’un Bellum Iugurthinum adlı eserini ele almak ve tarih yazıcılığına sağladığı katkıları incelemektir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle yazarın kamu görevlerini belirlemeye çalıştık. Daha sonra Sallustius’un yetiştiği ortamı, yaşadığı dönemin siyasi, ahlaki, ekonomik ve kültürel yönlerini ele almaya çalıştık. Eserin konusu MÖ 111-105 yılları arasında Romalılar ile Afrika’nın kuzeyinde yer alan Numidia kralı Iugurtha arasında yapılan savaştır. Monografi türünde yazılmış olan bu eserde Sallustius’un yaşadığı çekişmeli ortamın eserine nasıl şekil verdiğini incelemeye çalıştık. Sallustius, Bellum Iugurthinum adlı eserinde Roma’da ahlak seviyesinin nasıl bozulduğunu, Roma’nın eski değerlerinin nasıl kaybolduğunu anlatmıştır. Özellikle Roma’daki yöneticilerin para ve yetki için her şeyi yapabileceklerini gözler önüne sermiştir. Eser ahlaki açıdan derin bir ciddiyetle olayları yansıtmaktadır ve yazar bunu asla yapmacık bir tavırla ortaya koymamıştır. C. Sallustius Crispus Bellum Iugurthinum’da Roma’daki siyasi gelişmelerin iç yüzünün anlaşılmasını sağlamıştır.
Nablus Muharebesi’nde Mustafa Kemal Paşa: İthamlar ve Gerçekler
Authors: KARAKAŞ Nuri
Published: January 2019

Nablus Muharebesi (The Battle of Megiddo), Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında, General Liman von Sanders komutasındaki Osmanlı orduları ile General Edmund Allenby komutasındaki Mısır Sefer Kuvveti’ne bağlı İngiliz birlikleri arasında yaşanan son büyük muharebedir. Bu muharebede İngiliz (Britanya) ordusu karşısında Osmanlı ordusunun uğradığı hezimet, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Filistin’deki egemenliğini sona erdirmiş, Osmanlı muharip unsurlarının Halep’in kuzeyine kadar geri çekilerek Suriye’nin de elden çıkmasında belirleyici olmuştur. Mustafa Kemal Paşa da bu önemli sonuçlara neden olan Nablus Muharebesi’ne, Yedinci Ordu Komutanı olarak katılmış ve muharebedeki yenilgiyi yaşamıştır. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’deki Atatürk karşıtı çevreler, yıllardır, Nablus yenilgisinin baş sorumlusunun Mustafa Kemal Paşa olduğuna yönelik bir yazım ve söylem geliştirmişlerdir. Aslında bu yazım ve söylemi geliştirenlerin dayandıkları referans kaynağı, Cevat Rifat Atilhan’ın 1950’de Büyük Doğu dergisinde, “Görünmeyen İnkılâp” başlıklı tefrikasında yazdıklarıdır. Bu çalışmada, Mustafa Kemal Paşa’ya yönelik ithamlar ve iddialar ortaya konulmuş ve bunların gerçeklerle örtüşmediği, askeri literatürdeki bilgiler ve Atilhan’ın 1918’de yazdıkları çerçevesinde ortaya konulmuştur.
Ideas of Turkism in the Works of Shakarim Kudayberdiuly and Magzhan Zhumabayev
Authors: YRYSBEK Omarbayev , BOGENBAYEVA Asemgul
Published: January 2019

Complicated historical processes in the Ottoman Empire at the end of the XIX century gave birth to the idea of Turkism in scientific thought. Objectively, the priority goals of this idea, serving as self-identification of the Turkic peoples, were rather not a political, but scientific, cultural ones. This idea spread widely among peoples conquered by the Russian Empire, and found active support among the intelligentsia of these peoples. Historical analysis of the formation and development of the Turkism idea requires special attention to the creativity and socio-political activities of Ottoman-Turkic intellectuals and enlighteners. During the research, the role of Ismail Gasprinsky, Yusuf Akchura, Vafik Pasha and other enlighteners in support of the Turkism idea was determined. The spread of the Turkism idea in the Kazakh steppe and its main directions are established through an analysis of the creativity of philosopher Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly and the poet Magzhan Zhumabayev.
Papalık Hizmetinde Kardinal Bessarion’un Türklere Karşı Haçlı Seferi Çağrısı
Authors: İNAN ALİYAZICIOĞLU Zeynep
Published: January 2019

15. yüzyılın başlarında Trabzon’da doğan Kardinal Bessarion, eğitimi için önce Konstantinopolis’e sonra Mistra’ya gitmiştir. 1438/39 yıllarında Doğu Kilisesini temsilen Ferrara- Floransa Konsiline katılmıştır. Konsilden sonra Bizans İmparatorluğu’nda tutunamayan Bessarion, önce Floransa’ya daha sonra da Roma’ya giderek oraya yerleşmiştir. Papa IV. Eugenius’un desteğiyle önemli görevler üstlenmiştir. Bu sırada Katolik Kilisesine geçerek kardinalliğe kadar yükselmiştir. Bessarion, Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun Türklerle mücadelesini yakından takip ederek hem bireysel olarak hem de papalık nezdinde kâfirlerle mücadele konusuna hayatını adamıştır. 1453’te İstanbul’un fethi, 1463’te Bosna’nın fethi, 1470’te Eğriboz’un fethi ve bu süreçte Türklerin Hristiyan dünyasını tehdit etmesi Avrupa’da ardı ardına Türklere karşı düzenlenecek bir haçlı seferi için toplantılar tertip edilmesine sebep olmuştur. 15. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında yaşanan bu diplomasi trafiğinde Bessarion da aktif bir rol oynamıştır. Bessarion sadece katıldığı toplantılarla ve elçilikleriyle değil aynı zamanda yaşamının sonuna kadar kaleme aldığı yazılarıyla da Avrupa’da, Türklere karşı büyük bir kutsal savaşın yapılması ve İstanbul’un Türklerin elinden geri alınması için mücadele vermiştir.
Effect of Educational Intervention on Nurses’ Attitude, Intention and Behaviour Towards Family-Centered Care in Pediatric Wards in Iran: A Randomized Control Trial Utilizing Prospect Theory
Authors: Rostami Frozan
Published: January 2019

Background: The concept, family-centered care (FCC), is used to describe the way families are involved in the health care of hospitalized children. In developing countries, most paediatric wards claim to be ‘family-centered’, which means that the wards adopt a philosophy where parents are acknowledged as being central to their children’s existence. Despite substantial investments in researchers, dissemination and advocacy, huge gap exist between what is known about effective health services and what is done in real world practice. There is no common agreement between health care workers on provision of FCC in Iran. Objectives: To identify the effect of educational intervention on Family-Centered Care model on attitude, intention and behaviour of pediatric nurses. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to complete a questionnaire assessing paediatric nurses’ attitude towards providing FCC in Iran. Results: There is no significant relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and attitude towards provision of FCC for both intervention and control groups (p>0.05). The mean of behaviour in the intervention group (1.57 unit) increased and difference among pre- and post-tests in behaviour score in the intervention group was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings have important theoretical implication as theory of planned behaviour verified that nurses’ behaviours changed after educational intervention.
POSSIBILITIES OF POSTHUMOUS COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY (VIRTUAL AUTOPSY) IN THE EVENT OF DEATH FROM MECHANICAL ASPHIXIA
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Chumakova Yu. V. , Kurdyukov F. N. , Dubrova S. E. , Efremenkov N. F. , Zemur M. A.
Published: January 2019

The article presents a case from the practice of the Serpukhov Department of the Bureau of Forensic Medicine, when for the first time on the territory of the Russian Federation in the event of a criminal death of a child from mechanical asphyxiation in a district forensic department, the computed tomography of the corpse was used (virtual autopsy) with subsequent radiological-anatomical comparison of the results.
THE MECHANISM OF DEATH BY INHALATION OF BUTANE
Authors: Klevno V. A. , Tarkhnishvili G. S.
Published: January 2019

Butan is an inhaled drug that sensitized myocardium to the arrhythmogenic effects of catecholamines. This study revealed that fatal heart arrhythmia after butane inhalation had been provoked by emotional or physical hyperadrenalinemia.
Cidades saudáveis, movimento que integra planejamento urbano e saúde: uma análise dos principais enfrentamentos para sua implantação em Portugal e Brasil
Authors: Tajra Sanmya Feitosa , Vianna Paula Carnevale
Published: January 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir com os estudos que percebem que o entendimento da saúde em sua concepção ampliada é um caminho para integrar Saúde e Planejamento Urbano, como proposto pelo Programa Cidades Saudáveis, da OMS.  Realiza uma análise comparativa entre os enfrentamentos para a implantação do programa na Rede Portuguesa de Municípios Saudáveis (RPMS), estruturada há mais de 20 anos, e em experiências brasileiras. A metodologia utilizada para estruturar o problema de pesquisa foi o Problem Structuring Methods - PSM, mais especificamente a construção de mapas cognitivos orientada pelo método Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA).  O mapa cognitivo SODA foi desenvolvido a partir de entrevistas com atores da RPMS e o levantamento das experiências nacionais foi realizado pela revisão não sistemática da literatura, com base em artigos acadêmicos que relataram os enfrentamentos para a implantação do programa em municípios brasileiros.  Foram identificados 59 construtos chave, agrupados em três clusters: conhecimento, governança e condições socioespaciais para uma vida saudável. Os enfrentamentos para a  implantação do programa observados em Portugal foram igualmente observados no Brasil. Em Portugal, o tempo e a consolidação do programa na forma de rede propiciaram avanços na implantação da proposta. O Programa Cidades Saúdáveis pode ser utilizado como uma estratégia para integrar o Planejamento Urbano e a Saúde.
Conexões entre o planejamento urbano e a cidade saudável
Authors: Sperandio Ana Maria Girotti , Moreira Rafael Negrin , Bernardino Fernanda
Published: January 2019

Uma cidade para ser saudável deve considerar sua história, as gerações futuras, as potencialidades e necessidades locais através da valorização da participação social para o desenvolvimento de estratégias intersetoriais promovidas pelo planejamento urbano visando à melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus habitantes. Por meio da abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, foi possível realizar um percurso metodológico na cidade potencialmente saudável de Conchal, interior de São Paulo, proposto pela disciplina de Planejamento Urbano como Promotor da Cidade Saudável, da FEC/UNICAMP, com intuito de conhecer a horta comunitária, a academia da saúde e a central de reciclagem e desenvolver um ensaio sobre princípios, valores e impactos para o planejamento de tais cidades. A pesquisa permitiu identificar por meio das evidências e eficácia destes projetos, o bem-estar e a felicidade da comunidade.  Neste sentido, conclui-se com este estudo de caso que o senso de pertencimento, fortalecimento da participação social, políticas públicas inclusivas, governança, ações interdisciplinares e intersetoriais e a equidade, são fatores significativos para a promoção das cidades saudáveis.
Aspectos cognitivos e sociais do comportamento informacional dos desenvolvedores de software: uma análise da produção científica
Authors: Souza Leonardo Pereira Pinheiro de , Valentim Marta Lígia Pomim , Ávila Daniel Martínez
Published: January 2019

A indústria de software tem papel importante na sociedade, sendo um setor lucrativo que provê centenas de milhares de empregos diretos no Brasil. Os programadores têm especial relevância neste contexto, pois são eles que desenvolvem os programas computacionais, utilizando conhecimentos e informações. Na presente revisão de literatura são abordados aspectos da relação desses profissionais com a informação, ou seja, seu comportamento informacional, suas necessidades e problemas neste respeito. Destaca-se ainda a importância de contextualizar o comportamento informacional no âmbito social, neste caso, evidenciado pela cultura organizacional. Foi ainda verificado se o volume da produção científica sobre o comportamento informacional dos referidos profissionais na Ciência da Informação é condizente com a relevância desse ofício para a sociedade, comparado à produção sobre o comportamento informacional de outros profissionais do conhecimento. Como procedimentos metodológicos, realizou-se uma pesquisa em bases de dados on line apurando a quantidade de trabalhos sobre a referida temática, analisando-se seus resumos para examinar os paradigmas e abordagens adotados. Evidenciou-se que poucos trabalhos consideram esta temática na Ciência da Informação, revelando que o tema necessita receber maior atenção no âmbito acadêmico.
Projeto de preservação de documentos eclesiásticos
Authors: Lino Lucimar dos Santos , Alves Rachel da Silva , Santa Anna Jorge , Silva Luiz Carlos da
Published: January 2019

Relata-se diagnóstico de preservação no Centro de Documentação da Arquidiocese de Vitória/ES. Analisa o estado de preservação/conservação do acervo em papel e as técnicas para aumentar a longevidade das tipologias documentais. Concluiu-se que as ações realizadas são insuficientes para garantir preservação, havendo necessidade de adotar outros procedimentos, técnicas e metodologias arquivísticas, visando assegurar a integridade e longevidade dos registros eclesiásticos.
PERILAKU AMAN PADA PEKERJA OPERATOR LOADING UNLOADING MINYAK MENTAH
Authors: Cahyani Feby
Published: January 2019

Elements that play an important role in the cause of occupational accidents are human behavior. Thus reducing the occurrence of unsafe behavior is an effective way to prevent the occurrence of work accidents. From the results of preliminary studies conducted in the production area of PT X from 10 workers who observed the behavior of the use of PPE there were 3 workers who did not behave safely. This study aims to analyze the safe behavior and its causes in the effort of prevention of work accident by using Antecedence, Behaviour and Consequences (ABC) behavior model. This research used cross-sectional design. Data collection was obtained through measurement and observation. The population of this research was 20 workers loading unloading crude oil. The result of the research showed that 50% of workers doing the safe behavior. The safe behavior of the use of PPE by 80%, the implementation of housekeeping by 70%, and follow the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of 83%. Safe behavior was triggered by the important role of knowledge that workers have good enough about Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and safe behavior, worker attitudes toward safe behavior also quite good, and the training received is good enough. Besides giving rewards and punishment by the company also helped motivate workers to behave safely. While unsafe behavior that workers do not use a respirator and does not maintain the cleanliness of the workplace.Keywords: ABC model, loading unloading operator, safe behavior
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN FAKTOR INDIVIDU DAN BEBAN KERJA MENTAL DENGAN STRES KERJA
Authors: Mustika Suci Intan Sulistyana
Published: January 2019

Stress is the stimulation of the situation which could threaten the physical and psychological that cannot be tolerated by an individual because of limited ability. The general objective of this research is to analyze the individual factors and mental workload with stress. The research was done in observational. Population in this study are all the workers are there in packer PT. X amount of 10 workers and analysis of the data used is the spearman correlation test to known the correlation between education and mental workload with job stress, pearson correlation test to known the correlation between age and work period with job stress and contingency test to known the correlation between marital status with job stress. Based on the results of the statistical tests, a variable that has a strong relationship with stress is mental work load variable (0.667), while variables that have a relationship with stress is the level of education (-0.102), marital status (0.378),the period of employment (-0.102) and age (-0.408). From the results of this research it can be concluded that the majority of respondents in the age range 21–40 years (60%) and has a working time of 5–9 years (70%) by level of education finished high school (60%) and be married (60%). The relationship between mental workload with the stress of having strong correlation.Keywords: job stress, mental workload
NALISIS POTENSI BAHAYA DAN RISIKO TERJADINYA KEBAKARAN DAN LEDAKAN DI TANGKI PENYIMPANAN LPG PERTAMINA PERAK SURABAYA
Authors: Haqi Dani Nasirul
Published: January 2019

Depot LPG Pertamina Tanjung perak Surabaya is one of the companies engaged in the storage and distribution of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG). In the process of doing a lot of activity using chemicals that are flammable. So that the potential of fire and explosion in Depot LPG Pertamina Tanjung perak Surabaya is big. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk of potential fire and explosion and prevention efforts that need to be done. The Dow Fire and Explosion Index Method is an instrument to evaluate the potential risks of fire, explosion, and potential reactivity of the equipment and its contents in an objective and realistic way. The results showed that the level of fire and explosion hazard in the LPG storage tank in Depot LPG Pertamina Tanjung perak Surabaya amounted to 298.62 included in the classification of a severe level of danger. The total area of exposure in case of fire and explosion is 18,352.07 m². The amount of value / price of equipment as a loss due to being in the area of exposure to hazard and exposed to fire or blasting risk in the process unit was Rp.7,237,989,100,000. The magnitude of losses due to exposure to the factor material in a particular exposure area in the unit process when the accident was Rp 8,742,767,000,000. The number of factors that can control the loss of 0.5. The amount of actual losses suffered in the case of fire and explosion amounted to Rp 4,371,383,500,000.Keywords: explosion, fire, LPG, risk analysis