bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Putting the “I” Back in Team
Authors: Ward Patrick , Coutts Aaron J. , Pruna Ricard , McCall Alan
Published: June 2018

There is a common expression in sports that “there is no ‘I’ in team.” However, collectively, there is actually a very important “I” in sport teams—the individual athlete/player. Each player has his or her own unique characteristics including physical, physiological, and psychological traits. Due to these unique characteristics, each player requires individual provision—whether it be an injury risk profile and targeted prevention strategy or treatment/rehabilitation for injury, dietary regimen, recovery, or psychological intervention. The aim of this commentary is to highlight how 4 high-performance teams from various professional football codes are analyzing individual player data.
Predicting Trail-Running Performance With Laboratory Exercise Tests and Field-Based Results
Authors: Scheer Volker , Janssen Tanja I. , Vieluf Solveig , Heitkamp Hans-Christian
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Trail running is a complex sport, and performance prediction is challenging. The aim was to evaluate 3 standard laboratory exercise tests in trail runners and correlate measurements to the race time of a trail competition evaluating its predictive power. Methods: Nine competitive male trail runners (mean age: 31 [5.8] y) completed 3 different laboratory exercise tests (step, ramp, and trail tests) for determination of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), vVO2max, ventilatory (VT) and lactate thresholds (LT), mechanical power output, and running economy (RE), followed by a 31-km trail race. Runners had previously participated in the same race (previous year) and finished in the top 2%. Finishing times (dependent value) were tested in multiple-regression analysis with different independent value combinations. Results: Linear-regression analysis revealed that variables measured during step and ramp tests significantly predicted performance. Step-test variables (speed at individual anaerobic threshold 16.4 [1.7] km/h and RE 12 km/h in %VO2max 65.6% [5.4%]) showed the highest performance prediction (R2 = .651, F2,6 = 5.60, P = .043), followed by the ramp test (vVO2max 20.3 [1.3] km/h; R2 = .477, F1,7 = 6.39, P = .04) and trail test (maximal power 3.9 [0.5] W/kg, VO2max 63.0 [4.8] mL O2·kg−1·min−1, vVT1 11.9 [0.7] km/h; R2 = .68, F3,5 = 3.52, P = .11). Adding race time from the preceding year to the step test improved the predictive power of the model (R2 = .988, F3,5 = 66.51, P < .001). Conclusions: The graded exercise test (VO2max, individual anaerobic threshold, and RE) most accurately predicted a 31.1-km trail-running performance. Combining submaximal intensities (individual anaerobic threshold and RE) with the previous year’s race time of that specific event increased the predictive power of the model to 99%.
Estimating Resting Core Temperature Using Heart Rate
Authors: Looney David P. , Buller Mark J. , Gribok Andrei V. , Leger Jayme L. , Potter Adam W. , Rumpler William V. , Tharion William J. , Welles Alexander P. , Friedl Karl E. , Hoyt Reed W.
Published: June 2018

ECTemp™ is a heart rate (HR)-based core temperature (CT) estimation algorithm mainly used as a real-time thermal-work strain indicator in military populations. ECTemp™ may also be valuable for resting CT estimation, which is critical for circadian rhythm research. This investigation developed and incorporated a sigmoid equation into ECTemp™ to better estimate resting CT. HR and CT data were collected over two calorimeter test trials from 16 volunteers (age, 23 ± 3 yrs; height, 1.72 ± 0.07 m; body mass, 68.5 ± 8.1 kg) during periods of sleep and inactivity. Half of the test trials were combined with ECTemp™’s original development dataset to train the new sigmoid model while the other was used for model validation. Models were compared by their estimation accuracy and precision. While both models produced accurate CT estimates, the sigmoid model had a smaller bias (−0.04 ± 0.26°C vs. −0.19 ± 0.29°C) and root mean square error (RMSE; 0.26°C vs. 0.35°C). ECTemp™ is a validated HR-based resting CT estimation algorithm. The new sigmoid equation corrects lower CT estimates while producing nearly identical estimates to the original quadratic equation at higher CT. The demonstrated accuracy of ECTemp™ encourages future research to explore the algorithm’s potential as a non-invasive means of tracking CT circadian rhythms.
Classification and Processing of 24-Hour Wrist Accelerometer Data
Authors: Pulakka Anna , Shiroma Eric J. , Harris Tamara B. , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Stenholm Sari
Published: June 2018

Background: An important step in accelerometer data analysis is the classification of continuous, 24-hour data into sleep, wake, and non-wear time. We compared classification times and physical activity metrics across different data processing and classification methods. Methods: Participants (n = 576) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA) wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven days and nights and filled in daily logs with sleep and waking times. Accelerometer data were first classified as sleep or wake time by log, and Tudor-Locke, Tracy, and ActiGraph algorithms. Then, wake periods were classified as wear or non-wear by log, Choi algorithm, and wear sensor. We compared time classification (sleep, wake, and wake wear time) as well as physical activity measures (total activity volume and sedentary time) across these classification methods. Results: M (SD) nightly sleep time was 467 (49) minutes by log and 419 (88), 522 (86), and 453 (74) minutes by Tudor-Locke, Tracy, and ActiGraph algorithms, respectively. Wake wear time did not differ substantially when comparing Choi algorithm and the log. The wear sensor did not work properly in about 29% of the participants. Daily sedentary time varied by 8–81 minutes after excluding sleep by different methods and by 1–18 minutes after excluding non-wear time by different methods. Total activity volume did not substantially differ across the methods. Conclusion: The differences in wear and sedentary time were larger than differences in total activity volume. Methods for defining sleep periods had larger impact on outcomes than methods for defining wear time.
Exercises in Motor Development Positions. What Happens With the Activity of Antagonist Muscle Pairs? Pilot Study
Authors: Casas Esther , Justes Arturo , Calvo Carlos
Published: June 2018

Context: Exercises in motor development positions are employed to activate correct muscular patterns, but the effects on the activity of antagonist muscle pairs remain unknown. Objectives: To determine the effect of using exercises in motor development positions on the activity of antagonist muscle pairs. Another aim was to analyze if introducing some facilitators modifies the muscle activity in the different studied positions. Design: Controlled laboratory study using a single-group repeated measures design. Participants: A total of 21 right handed, healthy adults aged 41 years and older (10 males and 11 females). Setting: Workers of different departments at Maz Hospital. Intervention: Surface electromyography activity of muscle antagonist pairs upper trapezius/lower trapezius, serratus anterior/pectoralis major, and external abdominal oblique/lumbar paraspinal was measured in 3 positions: rest (supine decubitus), reflex turning 1, and modified Vöjta’s first position. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were mean normalized root mean square (averaged over 2 repetitions) of electromyography signals of antagonist muscle pairs in the 3 analyzed positions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (>.70) (model 3.2), type consistency, and 95% confidence interval were used to estimate the reliability and as exclusion criteria of measurements. Results: Analyzed positions had a significant effect on the activity of the muscles P < .001. There was a significant increase in the activity of the phasic musculature versus its tonic antagonists, except in the case of the external oblique/lumbar paraspinal in modified Vöjta’s first position. Adding possible facilitators such as gaze, breathing, or the combination of both did not show significant changes in the level of activation of the studied muscle groups. Conclusion: Ontogenetic developmental positions can be used to facilitate and improve the activation of phasic muscles.
Injury Risk Factors Integrated Into Self-Guided Real-Time Biofeedback Improves High-Risk Biomechanics
Authors: Bonnette Scott , DiCesare Christopher A. , Kiefer Adam W. , Riley Michael A. , Barber Foss Kim D. , Thomas Staci , Kitchen Katie , Diekfuss Jed A. , Myer Gregory D.
Published: June 2018

Context: Existing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs have failed to reverse the high rate of ACL injuries in adolescent female athletes. Objective: This investigation attempts to overcome factors that limit efficacy with existing injury prevention programs through the use of a novel, objective, and real-time interactive visual feedback system designed to reduce the biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injuries. Design: Cross-over study. Setting: Medical center laboratory. Participants: A total of 20 females (age = 19.7 [1.34] y; height = 1.74 [0.09] m; weight = 72.16 [12.45] kg) participated in this study. Methods: Participants performed sets of 10 bodyweight squats in each of 8 training blocks (ie, 4 real-time and 4 control blocks) and 3 testing blocks for a total of 110 squats. Feedback conditions were blocked and counterbalanced with half of participants randomly assigned to receive the real-time feedback block first and half receiving the control (sham) feedback first. Results: Heat map analysis revealed that during interaction with the real-time feedback, squat performance measured in terms of key biomechanical parameters was improved compared with performance when participants squatted with the sham stimulus. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the interactive feedback system guided participants to significantly improve movement biomechanics during performance of a body weight squat, which is a fundamental exercise for a longer term ACL injury risk reduction intervention. A longer training and testing period is necessary to investigate the efficacy of this feedback approach to effect long-term adaptations in the biomechanical risk profile of athletes.
Common Training Practices and Preferred Personality Traits of Intramural Sports Officials
Authors: Walker Joseph , Walker Laura , Dietrich Joshua , Dotterweich Andrew , Davis Jason , Collins John
Published: June 2018

This research study examined campus recreation intramural training techniques used to prepare sports officials. The top 10 techniques reported by the sample (n = 52) are presented. Use of National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) training materials was found to have a significant positive relationship with overall official training program satisfaction. Intramural coordinators who self-rated as unsatisfied with training program also rated their program significantly less effective when compared to intramural coordinators who indicated satisfaction with their training program. Further inquiry determined that the responding professionals ranked officials' traits and abilities similar in importance, with confidence, knowledge, and decision making as most important. There were no differences in the preferred officials' trait ratings when compared to overall program satisfaction.
Is cancer a breakdown of multicellularity?
Authors: Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

New data suggest that tumor cell growth is fueled by unicellular ancestor's genes
Opening the lab door
Authors: Grimm David
Published: June 2018

After a slew of victories by animal activists, scientists hope more candor will win support for animal research
Pacific Coast innovation relies on diverse cast of scientists
Authors: Ham Becky
Published: June 2018

West Coast scientists tap partnerships for latest inventions from entertainment to aerospace
Multivalent counterions diminish the lubricity of polyelectrolyte brushes
Authors: Yu J. , Jackson N. E. , Xu X. , Morgenstern Y. , Kaufman Y. , Ruths M. , de Pablo J. J. , Tirrell M.
Published: June 2018

A brush with friction

Polyelectrolyte brushes consist of charged polymer chains attached to a common backbone or surface. They provide excellent lubrication between two surfaces for both engineered and physiological materials. The packing of the brushes is sensitive to pH, temperature, or added salts. Yu
et al.
show that the presence of multivalent ions can cause brush collapse, similarly to monovalent ions (see the Perspective by Ballauff). Critically—and not observed with the addition of monovalent ions—very low concentrations of multivalent ions cause bridging between the brushes and increase friction between the surfaces to the extent that their value for biomedical devices is limited.

Science
, this issue p.
1434
; see also p.
1399
More friction for polyelectrolyte brushes
Authors: Ballauff Matthias
Published: June 2018

Trivalent yttrium cations increase friction greatly compared with monovalent cations
Tomorrow's Earth
Authors: Berg Jeremy
Published: June 2018

Our planet is in a perilous state. The combined effects of climate change, pollution, and loss of biodiversity are putting our health and well-being at risk. Given that human actions are largely responsible for these global problems, humanity must now nudge Earth onto a trajectory toward a more stable, harmonious state. Many of the challenges are daunting, but solutions can be found. In this issue of
Science
, we launch a series of monthly articles that call attention to some of the choices we can still make for shaping tomorrow's Earth—commentaries and analyses that will hopefully provoke us to making thoughtful choices (see
scim.ag/TomorrowsEarth
).
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Nonstructural Membrane Protein pK15 Recruits the Class II Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase PI3K-C2α To Activate Productive Viral Replication
Authors: Abere Bizunesh , Samarina Naira , Gramolelli Silvia , Rückert Jessica , Gerold Gisa , Pich Andreas , Schulz Thomas F.
Published: June 2018

The nonstructural membrane protein encoded by open reading frame K15 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (HHV8) activates several intracellular signaling pathways that contribute to the angiogenic properties of KSHV in endothelial cells and to its reactivation from latency. A detailed understanding of how pK15 activates these intracellular signaling pathways is a prerequisite for targeting these processes specifically in KSHV-infected cells. By identifying pK15-associated cellular proteins using a combination of immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, we provide evidence that pK15-dependent signaling may occur from intracellular vesicles and rely on the endocytotic machinery. Specifically, a class II PI3K, PI3K-C2α, is recruited by pK15 and involved in pK15-dependent intracellular signaling and viral reactivation from latency. These findings are of importance for future intervention strategies that aim to disrupt the activation of intracellular signaling by pK15 in order to antagonize KSHV productive replication and tumorigenesis.
25-Hydroxycholesterol Production by the Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase Interferon-Stimulated Gene Restricts Mammalian Reovirus Infection
Authors: Doms Alexandra , Sanabria Tatiana , Hansen Jeanne N. , Altan-Bonnet Nihal , Holm Geoffrey H.
Published: June 2018

The innate immune system is crucial for effective responses to viral infection. Type I interferons, central components of innate immunity, induce expression of hundreds of ISGs; however, the mechanisms of action of these antiviral proteins are not well understood. CH25H, encoded by an ISG, represents a significant constituent of these cellular antiviral strategies, as its metabolic product, 25HC, can act in both an autocrine and a paracrine fashion to protect cells from infection and has been shown to limit viral infection in animal models. Further investigation into the mechanism of action of 25HC may inform novel antiviral therapies and influence the use of mammalian reovirus in clinical trials as an oncolytic agent.
Non-classical human leucocyte antigens in ankylosing spondylitis: possible association with HLA-E and HLA-F
Authors: Santos Margarida Rodrigues , Couto Ana Rita , Foroni Iris , Bettencourt Bruno Filipe , Li Zhixiu , Meneses Raquel , Wheeler Lawrie , Pereira Joaquim , Pimentel-Santos Fernando , Fonseca João Eurico , Alves Helena , Martinho António , Lima Manuela , Brown Matthew A , Bruges-Armas Jácome
Published: June 2018

Objectives

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the most prevalent form of spondyloarthritis, with a known genetic association with the HLA-B27 molecule. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of the HLA-G, HLA-E and HLA-F to AS susceptibility/protection in Portuguese patients with HLA-B27 AS and HLA-B27 unaffected controls.

Methods

High-resolution typing ofHLA-G,HLA-EandHLA-Fwas performed in 228 patients with HLA-B27 AS and 244 HLA-B27 unaffected controls. Allelic, genotypic and haplotypic frequencies were compared between cohorts. To replicate the results, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inHLA-EandHLA-Fgenes were typed in Australian cohorts. For further confirmation, a group of European-descent patients with AS and unaffected controls were genotyped for Major Histocompatibility Complex SNPs using the Illumina microarray.

Results

In the Portuguese population, no significant differences were found inHLA-G. For HLA-E, a significant difference was detected for the genotypeHLA-E*01:01:01/01:03:01(p=0.009; pc=0.009; OR=0.51), with a protection effect. For HLA-F, significant differences were detected in the alleleHLA-F*01:01:02(p=0.0049; pc=0.0098; OR=0.60) and corresponding SNP rs2075682 (p=0.0004; pc=0.0008; OR=0.53), suggesting protection and in the genotypeHLA-F*01:01:01/01:03:01(p=0.011; pc=0.043; OR=2.00), suggesting a susceptibility effect. ThreeG-E-Fhaplotypes with significant differences were detected but occur in a very small number of individuals. The only significant differences detected in the replication studies were forHLA-Ers1059510 in the Australians and forHLA-Frs1736924 in the European-descent cohorts.

Conclusion

Our results reveal suggestive AS protective and susceptibility effects from bothHLA-EandHLA-Floci, however with population differences. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing association ofHLA-Fwith AS.
Improving the interpretation of fishing effort and pressures in mixed fisheries using spatial overlap metrics
Authors: Bourdaud Pierre , Travers-Trolet Morgane , Vermard Youen , Marchal Paul
Published: June 2018

Managing mixed fisheries requires understanding fishers’ behaviour to allow predicting future fisheries distribution and impact on marine ecosystems. A new approach was developed to compare fine-scale fishing effort distribution of Eastern English Channel (EEC) bottom trawlers to the monthly and spatially resolved abundance distributions of commercial species. First, the added value of using species-specific spatial overlap metric to quantify effective fishing effort and improve the relationship between fishing effort and fishing mortality was assessed. Second, based on the Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) theory, the species-specific weights given by fishers to different species were estimated by maximizing the overlap between target species assemblage and effort distributions in October. At a seasonal scale, our results emphasized the importance of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) and red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) for the global distribution of EEC bottom trawlers. In October, cuttlefish and red mullet were clearly more determining fishers’ location choice than historically harvested species and also than the overall expected revenue. This is likely due to external constraints such as low cod (Gadus morhua) quota, causing IFD assumptions violated. This study evidenced the importance of getting good insights into spatiotemporal distributions of stocks and fleets to understand fishers’ behaviour and improve mixed fisheries management advice.
High-Speed Pulsed Fiber Ring Laser Using Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Thapa Sunil , Dutta Niloy K.
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a mode locked fiber ring laser with the implementation of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to generate pulse train at high speed. This fiber ring laser combines rational harmonic mode locking based on a Lithium Niobate Mach-Zehnder modulator and nonlinear polarization rotation from a highly nonlinear PCF. By fine tuning of the modulation frequency and the polarization controllers in the cavity, a 30 GHz pulse train with pulse width 1.9 ps is generated. Without the PCF, the pulse width at 30 GHz from the rational harmonic mode locking is 5.8 ps. We also conduct numerical simulations of the pulse evolution, which shows good agreements of the experimental results.
All-Optical Logic Gates Based on Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Thapa Sunil , Dutta Niloy K.
Published: June 2018

We propose a scheme to realize all-optical logic operation in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier (QD-SOA) based Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) considering the effects of two-photon absorption (TPA). During propagation of sub-picosecond pulses in QD-SOA, TPA leads to an additional change in carrier recovery dynamics in quantum-dots. We utilize a rate equation model to take into account carrier refill through TPA and nonlinear dynamics including carrier heating and spectral hole burning in the QD-SOA. The simulation results show the TPA induced pumping in the QD-SOA can reduce the pattern effect and increase the output quality of the all-optical logic operation. With TPA, this scheme is suitable for high speed Boolean logic operation at 320 Gb/s.
Group Contest Success Function: The Heterogeneous Individuals Case
Authors: Osório António
Published: June 2018

This paper extends the axiomatic characterization of the group contest success function in [Münster, J. [2009] Group contest success functions, Econ. Theory 41(2), 345–357] to groups with heterogeneous individuals (e.g., individuals with different skills or different cognitive capacities). The obtained function allows for differences in terms of effort effectiveness between the group individuals and differences in terms of returns to scale at the aggregate level.
Weakly cofiniteness of local cohomology modules
Authors: Aghapournahr Moharram
Published: June 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative Noetherian ring, [Formula: see text] a system of ideals of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text]-module (not necessary [Formula: see text]-torsion) such that [Formula: see text], then the [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is weakly Laskerian, for all [Formula: see text], if and only if the [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is weakly Laskerian for [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be an integer and [Formula: see text] an [Formula: see text]-module such that [Formula: see text] is weakly Laskerian for all [Formula: see text]. We prove that if the [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-weakly cofinite for all [Formula: see text], and for any [Formula: see text] (or minimax) submodule [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text]-modules [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are weakly Laskerian. Let [Formula: see text] be a finitely generated [Formula: see text]-module. We also prove that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are [Formula: see text]-weakly cofinite for all [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] whenever [Formula: see text] is weakly Laskerian and [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. Similar results are true for ordinary local cohomology modules and local cohomology modules defined by a pair of ideals.
Computing all border bases for ideals of points
Authors: Hashemi Amir , Kreuzer Martin , Pourkhajouei Samira
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we consider the problem of computing all possible order ideals and also sets connected to 1, and the corresponding border bases, for the vanishing ideal of a given finite set of points. In this context, two different approaches are discussed: based on the Buchberger–Möller Algorithm [H. M. Möller and B. Buchberger, The construction of multivariate polynomials with preassigned zeros, EUROCAM ’82 Conf., Computer Algebra, Marseille/France 1982, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 144, (1982), pp. 24–31], we first propose a new algorithm to compute all possible order ideals and the corresponding border bases for an ideal of points. The second approach involves adapting the Farr–Gao Algorithm [J. B. Farr and S. Gao, Computing Gröbner bases for vanishing ideals of finite sets of points, in 16th Int. Symp. Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes. AAECC-16, Las Vegas, NV, USA (Springer, Berlin, 2006), pp. 118–127] for finding all sets connected to 1, as well as the corresponding border bases, for an ideal of points. It should be noted that our algorithms are term ordering free. Therefore, they can compute successfully all border bases for an ideal of points. Both proposed algorithms have been implemented and their efficiency is discussed via a set of benchmarks.
Definitions of solutions to the IBVP for multi-dimensional scalar balance laws
Authors: Rossi Elena
Published: June 2018

We consider four definitions of solution to the initial-boundary value problem (IBVP) for a scalar balance laws in several space dimensions. These definitions are extended to the same most general framework and then compared. The first aim of this paper is to detail differences and analogies among them. We focus then on the ways the boundary conditions are fulfilled according to each definition, providing also connections among these various modes. The main result is the proof of the equivalence among the presented definitions of solution.
The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in southwestern Gondwana: an example from the Andean Basin, northern Chile
Authors: Fantasia Alicia , Föllmi Karl B. , Adatte Thierry , Bernárdez Enrique , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Mattioli Emanuela
Published: June 2018

Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) are reported from two successions deposited in the Andean Basin (Chile), based on a high-resolution biostratigraphic (calcareous nannofossils), sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical analysis. A large negative carbon-isotope excursion was identified in a lower Toarcian storm-dominated marl–limestone alternation, underlining the global extent of the carbon-cycle perturbation and the occurrence of episodic high-energy conditions during the T-OAE. Low total organic carbon content and absence of redox-sensitive trace-element enrichment indicate that the dynamic depositional conditions did not favour the development of oxygen-depleted conditions and the preservation of organic matter. The decrease in kaolinite reflects a shift to more arid conditions, whereas the increase in the chemical index of alteration at the onset of the T-OAE is probably related to a change in the sediment source. Less hydrolytic activity probably promoted a decrease in nutrient input in the Andean Basin. Mercury anomalies support the link between the onset of the Karoo–Ferrar large igneous province activity, the carbon cycle perturbation and the generated environmental change. This paper presents one of the most complete T-OAE studies from the southern hemisphere, and reveals that regional conditions strongly modulated the expression of this global event in the Andean Basin.

Supplementary material:
the complete dataset, the coefficient of correlation (
r
) for major and trace elements, and the nannofossil assemblages are available at:
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4133687
Designing superstructures for interaction
Authors: Wiberg Mikael
Published: June 2018

Interaction design is increasingly about embedding interactive technologies in our built environment; architecture is increasingly about the use of interactive technologies to reimagine and dynamically repurpose our built environment. This forum focuses on this intersection of interaction and architecture.
--- Mikael Wiberg, Editor
Framing the complexity of providing solutions to children with physical disabilities
Authors: Armagno Gusa
Published: June 2018

In this forum we celebrate research that helps to successfully bring the benefits of computing technologies to children, older adults, people with disabilities, and other populations that are often ignored in the design of mass-marketed products.
--- Juan Pablo Hourcade, Editor
What we mean by interactive form
Authors: Arvola Mattias , Bardzell Jeffrey , Holmlid Stefan , Löwgren Jonas
Published: June 2018

The
Interactions
website (interactions.acm.org) hosts a stable of bloggers who share insights and observations on HCI, often challenging current practices. Each issue we'll publish selected posts from some of the leading and emerging voices in the field.
Mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticide toxicity in the context of airway hyperreactivity and asthma
Authors: Shaffo Frances C. , Grodzki Ana Cristina , Fryer Allison D. , Lein Pamela J.
Published: June 2018

Numerous epidemiologic studies have identified an association between occupational exposures to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and asthma or asthmatic symptoms in adults. Emerging epidemiologic data suggest that environmentally relevant levels of OPs may also be linked to respiratory dysfunction in the general population and that in utero and/or early life exposures to environmental OPs may increase risk for childhood asthma. In support of a causal link between OPs and asthma, experimental evidence demonstrates that occupationally and environmentally relevant OP exposures induce bronchospasm and airway hyperreactivity in preclinical models. Mechanistic studies have identified blockade of autoinhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic nerves that innervate airway smooth muscle as one mechanism by which OPs induce airway hyperreactivity, but significant questions remain regarding the mechanism(s) by which OPs cause neuronal M2 receptor dysfunction and, more generally, how OPs cause persistent asthma, especially after developmental exposures. The goals of this review are to 1) summarize current understanding of OPs in asthma; 2) discuss mechanisms of OP neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity that warrant consideration in the context of OP-induced airway hyperreactivity and asthma, specifically, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neural plasticity, and neurogenic inflammation; and 3) identify critical data gaps that need to be addressed in order to better protect adults and children against the harmful respiratory effects of low-level OP exposures.
Inhibition of lncRNA PFRL prevents pulmonary fibrosis by disrupting the miR-26a/smad2 loop
Authors: Jiang Hua , Chen Yingzhun , Yu Tong , Zhao Xiaoguang , Shan Huitong , Sun Jian , Zhang Lu , Li Xuelian , Shan Hongli , Liang Haihai
Published: June 2018

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease with increasing mortality and poor prognosis. The current understanding of the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in IPF remains limited. In the present study, we identified a lncRNA NONMMUT022554, designated pulmonary fibrosis-regulatory lncRNA (PFRL), with unknown functions and found that its levels were increased in fibrotic lung tissues of mice and pulmonary fibroblasts exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Furthermore, we found that enforced expression of PFRL induced fibroblast activation and collagen deposition, which could be mitigated by the overexpression of microRNA (miR)-26a. By contrast, the inhibition of PFRL could markedly alleviate the TGF-β1-induced upregulation of fibrotic markers and attenuate fibroblast proliferation and differentiation by regulating miR-26a. Meanwhile, our study confirmed that PFRL inhibited the expression and activity of miR-26a, which has been identified as an antifibrotic miRNA in our previous study. Interestingly, our molecular study further confirmed that Smad2 transcriptionally inhibits the expression of miR-26a and that the miR-26a/Smad2 feedback loop mediates the profibrotic effects of PFRL in lung fibrosis. More importantly, knockdown of PFRL ablated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that lncRNA PFRL contributes to the progression of lung fibrosis by modulating the reciprocal repression between miR-26a and Smad2 and that this lncRNA may be a therapeutic target for IPF.
Safe Skin Management during Open Hepatectomy in a Patient with Recessive Dystrophic Congenital Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Watanobe Ikuo , Kida Hiroko , Sekine Yuuki , Kawai Masaya , Miyano Shozo , Machida Michio , Kitabatake Toshiaki , Sugo Hiroyuki , Lee Yoshifumi , Kojima Kuniaki
Published: June 2018

Congenital epidermolysis bullosa is a rare, genetic condition in which even slight stimulation can cause blistering of the skin or mucosa. While previous reports of treatments requiring general anesthesia in these patients were focused on anesthesia-related procedures, such as endotracheal intubation, no report has described specific management required for these patients during surgery, such as preparation of the surgical site, fixation of infusion lines and other tubes, and adjustment of the operation table. This is probably the first report to address these issues. This report presents a case of recessive dystrophic congenital epidermolysis bullosa in which open hepatectomy was safely performed.
A Robust Watermarking Scheme for Online Multimedia Copyright Protection Using New Chaotic Map
Authors: Anees Amir , Hussain Iqtadar , Algarni Abdulmohsen , Aslam Muhammad
Published: June 2018

The protection of copyrights of digital media uploaded to the Internet is a growing problem. In this paper, first, we present a unified framework for embedding and detecting watermark in digital data. Second, a new robust watermarking scheme is proposed considering this concern. The proposed work incorporates three chaotic maps which specify the location for embedding the watermark. Third, a new chaotic map, the Extended Logistic map, is proposed in this work. The proposed map has a bigger range than logistic and cubic maps. It has shown good results in a bifurcation, sensitivity to initial conditions, and randomness tests. Furthermore, with the detailed analysis of initial parameters, it is justified that Extended Logistic map can be used in secure communication, particularly watermarking. Fourth, to check the robustness of proposed watermarking scheme, we have done a series of analyses and standard attacks. The results confirm that the proposed watermarking scheme is robust against visual and statistical analysis and can resist the standard attacks.
The Impacts on Health, Society, and Economy of SARS and H7N9 Outbreaks in China: A Case Comparison Study
Authors: Qiu Wuqi , Chu Cordia , Mao Ayan , Wu Jing
Published: June 2018

Background. Epidemics such as SARS and H7N9 have caused huge negative impacts on population health and the economy in China. Aims. This article discusses the impacts of SARS in 2003 and H7N9 in 2013 in China, in order to provide a better understanding to government and practitioners of why improving management of response to infectious disease outbreaks is so critical for a country’s economy, its society, and its place in the global community. Methods. To provide the results of an analysis of impacts of SARS and H7N9 based on feedback from documents, informants, and focus groups on events during the SARS and H7N9 outbreaks. Results. Both outbreaks of SARS and H7N9 have had an impact on China, causing significant negative impacts on health, the economy, and even national and even international security. Conclusions. Both SARS coronavirus and H7N9 viruses presented a global epidemic threat, but the social and economic impacts of H7N9 were not as serious as in the case of SARS because the response to H7N9 was more effective.
A Mathematical Programming Model to Determine Objective Weights for the Interval Extension of TOPSIS
Authors: Shen Hai , Hu Lingyu , Lai Kin Keung
Published: June 2018

Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method has been extended in previous literature to consider the situation with interval input data. However, the weights associated with criteria are still subjectively assigned by decision makers. This paper develops a mathematical programming model to determine objective weights for the implementation of interval extension of TOPSIS. Our method not only takes into account the optimization of interval-valued Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems, but also determines the weights only based upon the data set itself. An illustrative example is performed to compare our results with that of existing literature.
Prediction of Surface Roughness considering Cutting Parameters and Humidity Condition in End Milling of Polyamide Materials
Authors: Bozdemir Mustafa
Published: June 2018

To know the impact of processing parameters of PA6G under different humidity conditions is important as it is vulnerable to humidity up to 7 %. This study investigated the effect of cutting parameters to surface roughness quality in wet and dry conditions. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling is also developed with the obtained results from the experiments. Humidity condition, tool type, cutting speed, cutting rate, and depth of cutting parameters were used as input and average surface roughness value were used as output of the ANN model. Testing results showed that ANN can be used for prediction of average surface roughness.
One-Step Ultrafiltration Process for Separation and Purification of a Keratinolytic Protease Produced with Feather Meal
Authors: Machado Juliana R. , Severo Emanuelle E. , de Oliveira Janaina M. G. , Ores Joana da C. , Brandelli Adriano , Kalil Susana J.
Published: June 2018

A purification technique to obtain keratinolytic proteases produced byBacillussp. P45 in a medium containing chicken feather meal as substrate is presented. The experiments were carried out in a dead-end ultrafiltration unit, and the influence of the membrane cutoff, pH of enzymatic extract, and operating pressure on the purification of keratinase were studied. The one-step ultrafiltration process with the membrane molecular mass cutoff of 10 kDa at pH 8.0 and operating pressure of 0.147 MPa showed an enzyme recovery of 87.8% and a 4.1-fold purification factor. It is showed that ultrafiltration could be potentially used in the purification of keratinases.
Statistical Characterization of Novel 3D Cluster-Based MIMO Vehicle-to-Vehicle Models for Urban Street Scattering Environments
Authors: Chen Xin , Fang Yong , Sun Yanzan , Pan Yuntian , Xiang Weidong
Published: June 2018

We develop a novel three-dimensional (3D) cluster-based channel model for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications under the scenarios of urban street scattering environments. The proposed model combines the flexibility of geometrical channel models with the existing state-of-the-art 3D V2V models. To provide an accurate representation of specific locations and realistic V2V fading environments in a computationally manageable fashion, all clusters are divided into three groups of use cases including “ahead,” “between,” and “behind” clusters according to the relative locations of clusters. Using the proposed V2V model, we first derive the closed-form expressions of the channel impulse response (CIR), including the line-of-sight (LoS) components and cluster components. Subsequently, for three categories of clusters, the corresponding statistical properties of the reference model are studied. We additionally derive the expressions of the 3D space-time correlation function (STCF), the autocorrelation function (ACF), and 2D STCF. Finally, comparisons with on-road measurement data and numerical experiments demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed 3D cluster-based V2V model.
Irritable Hip as the Inaugural Symptom for Neuroblastoma
Authors: da Silva Sara Alves , Mendes Jorge , Carvalho João , Nogueira Hélder , Barroca Helena , Fernandes Margarida , Tomás Edite
Published: June 2018

Case Report. A four-year-old girl presented with fever and a painful limp in the left hip. Pain characteristics and anemia detected in the blood analyses were the first warning signs that the hip process was not standard. Although the primary suspicion was of septic arthritis, a CT scan of the abdomen revealed an adrenal neuroblastoma.Conclusion.The presenting signs of neuroblastoma are commonly atypical. About 25% of presentations are orthopedic and mimic a variety of severe orthopedic conditions. The most important clinical dilemma is distinguishing benign and self-limiting disorders from septic or malignant processes.
Florid Proliferation of Hyalinized Vessels in a Spermatic Cord STAT6 Positive Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Its Potential Clinical Implications
Authors: Marquez Christopher P. , Zhang Haiyan , Goodrum Jason , Sreshta J. Nicholas , Afrouzian Marjan
Published: June 2018

A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) arising in the paratesticular region is a rare event. Typically most SFTs present as a lung mass and have a characteristic microscopic appearance. Although uncommon, SFTs may present at just about any anatomical site. Here we present a case of a SFT arising along the right spermatic cord, with histologic features mimicking a cellular angiofibroma. We describe the diagnostic immunohistochemical markers useful for arriving at its diagnosis. We also summarize our current understanding of the structural and molecular features that make up SFTs and discuss how these features may help us better understand the pathophysiology of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.
Risk of Urinary Tract Carcinoma among Subjects with Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Wu Ming Ping , Luo Hao Lun , Weng Shih Feng , Ho Chung-Han , Chancellor Michael B. , Chuang Yao Chi
Published: June 2018

Objective. To investigate the subsequent risks of urinary tract cancers among individuals with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), and gender differences, as well as the effect of associated comorbidity using a population-based administrative database in Taiwan. Patients and Methods. BPS/IC subjects (10192) and their age- and sex-matched non-BPS/IC control subjects (30576), who had no previous upper urinary tract cancer (UUC), bladder cancer (BC), and prostate cancer (PC), subsequently developed these disorders from the recruited date between 2002 and 2008 and the end of follow-up 2011. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to estimate the risk of subsequent UUC, BC, and PC following a diagnosis of IC/BPS. The effect of associated comorbidities was measured by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The risk of outcomes was assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves. Results. In the BPS/IC subjects, 37 (0.36%) received a diagnosis of BC, and 22 (0.22%) received a diagnosis of UUC; both were significantly higher than the control group, 19 (0.06%) for BC and 30 (0.10%) for UUC. Cox proportional analysis revealed that the adjusted HR for BC and UUC during the follow-up period for patients with IC/BPS was 5.44 (95% CI: 3.10-9.54) and 1.97 (95% CI: 1.13-3.45) than that of comparison subjects. The HRs went up to 5.66 (95% CI: 3.21-9.99) and 2.01 (95% CI: 1.14-3.55) after adjusted by Comorbidity Index (CCI). The male BPS/IC patients have a higher adjusted HR for BC; however, female patients have a higher adjusted HR for both BC and UUC. The adjusted HR for PC has no difference between BPS/IC and control group. Conclusion. Patients with BPS/IC are at risk of developing BC in both males and females, and UUC in females. This result reminds physicians to evaluate the potential risk of subsequent development of BC and UUC among individuals with BPS/IC.
Early Prediction of Hypoxic‐Ischemic Brain Injury by a New Panel of Biomarkers in a Population of Term Newborns
Authors: Negro Simona , Benders Manon J. N. L. , Tataranno Maria Luisa , Coviello Caterina , de Vries Linda S. , van Bel Frank , Groenendaal Floris , Longini Mariangela , Proietti Fabrizio , Belvisi Elisa , Buonocore Giuseppe , Perrone Serafina
Published: June 2018

This research paper is aimed at evaluating the predictive role of a default panel of oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers for the early identification of infants at high risk of HIE and their validation through the correlation with MRI findings. A multicenter prospective observational study was performed between March 2012 and April 2015 in two European tertiary NICUs. Eighty‐four term infants at risk for HIE (pH < 7, BE < −13 mmol/L, and 5 ′ Apgar < 5) were enrolled. Three were excluded for chromosomal abnormalities and one due to lack of blood samples. The final population was divided according to the severity of perinatal hypoxia into 2 groups: mild/moderate HIE and severe HIE. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), non‐protein‐bound iron (NPBI), and F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐IsoPs) were measured in blood samples at P1 (4–6 hours), P2 (24–72 hours), and P3 (5 days), in both groups. MRIs were scored for the severity of brain injury, using a modified Barkovich score. The mean GA was 39.8 weeks (SD 1.4) and the mean birth weight 3538 grams (SD 660); 37 were females and 43 males. Significantly lower 5 ′ Apgar score, pH, and BE and higher Thompson score were found in group II compared to group I at birth. Group II showed significantly higher AOPP and NPBI levels than group I (mean (SD) AOPP: 15.7 (15.5) versus 34.1 (39.2), p = 0.033; NPBI 1.1 (2.5) versus 3.9 (4.4), p = 0.013) soon after birth (P1). No differences were observed in OS biomarker levels between the two groups at P2 and P3. A regression model, including adjustment for hypothermia treatment, gender, and time after birth, showed that AOPP levels and male gender were both risk factors for higher brain damage scores (AOPP: OR 3.6, 95% CI (1.1–12.2) and gender: OR 5.6, 95% CI (1.2–25.7), resp.). Newborns with severe asphyxia showed higher OS than those with mild asphyxia at birth. AOPP are significantly associated with the severity of brain injury assessed by MRI, especially in males.
Conservative Treatment of Dentigerous Cyst by Marsupialization in a Young Female Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Ghandour Layal , Bahmad Hisham F. , Bou-Assi Samar
Published: June 2018

Dentigerous cysts (DCs) are the most prevalent developmental odontogenic cysts that occur in middle-aged individuals. They frequently originate from the epithelial remnants of tooth-forming organs. Hereby, we present a case of a 13-year-old young female patient presenting with DC that was treated successfully by marsupialization. The patient’s chief complaint was the crowding of the anterior teeth. Clinical examination showed that the patient had all her permanent teeth present with a retained mandibular left second primary molar that was previously treated by pulpectomy. The radiographic examination revealed a unilocular radiolucent lesion with well-defined margins associated with a mesially-tipped unerupted mandibular left second premolar. The differential diagnosis confirmed that the lesion was a DC. The treatment consisted of surgical removal of the DC to allow proper eruption of the permanent tooth and to prevent the lesion from becoming an aggressive one causing gross expansion of bone with subsequent facial asymmetry, pain, displacement of teeth, and root resorption. A removable acrylic obturator was delivered to the patient keeping the path clear and guiding the eruption of the premolar until fully erupted.