bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PAWS and POCO: NIR Astrophotonic Instruments for Astronomy
Authors: Madhav Kalaga , Günther Alan , Hernandez Eloy , Vjes̆nica Stella , Bodenmüller Daniel , Stoll Andreas , Sandin Christer , Yıldırım Haydar Altuğ , Roth Martin M.
Published: June 2023

For near‐infrared ground and space‐based astronomy, compact photonic devices can replace the large bulk optical components in spectrographs, frequency combs, beam combiners, and sky subtraction filters, thus saving cost, reducing volume, weight, and power requirements. Photonic integrated circuits (PICs), analogous to integrated circuits (IC) in electronics, are particularly powerful to address innovative miniaturized solutions. Here, we demonstrate two new instrument prototypes: the Potsdam Arrayed Waveguide Spectrograph (PAWS) built around an array waveguide grating (AWG) PIC and Hawaii2RG detector, and the Potsdam Comb (POCO), a frequency comb generated by nonlinear processes in a micro‐ring resonator photonic chip. PAWS is calibrated by the remotely located POCO via the fiber optic communication network of the Leibniz‐Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP). The vision of future astrophotonic solutions for instrumentation is pointing toward hybrid solutions of PIC and detector arrays that hold the promise to dramatically change the layout of telescope focal plane instrumentation.
An Incremental Capacity Analysis‐based State‐of‐health Estimation Model for Lithium‐ion Batteries in High‐power Applications
Authors: Hamed Hamid , Yusuf Marwan , Suliga Marek , Ghalami Choobar Behnam , Kostos Ryan , Safari Mohammadhosein
Published: June 2023

The Incremental Capacity (IC) is a rich source of data for the state‐of‐health estimation of lithium‐ion batteries. This data is typically collected during a low C‐rate (dis)charge of the battery which is not representative of many real‐world applications outside the research laboratories. Here, this limitation is showcased to be mitigated by employing a new feature‐extraction technique applied to a large dataset including 105 batteries with cycle lives ranging from 158 to 1637 cycles. The state‐of‐health of these batteries is successfully predicted with a mean‐absolute‐percentage error below 0.7 % by using three regression models of support vector regressor, multi‐layer perceptron, and random forest. The methodologies proposed in this work facilitate the development of accurate IC‐based state‐of‐health predictors for lithium‐ion batteries in on‐board applications.
Polysiloxane/Poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐Hexafluoropropylene Polymer Blend‐based Lithium‐Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Room‐Temperature Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Celik‐Kucuk Asuman , Abe Takeshi
Published: June 2023

To harness the synergistic effect of different polymer chains, poly(methyl(2‐(tris(2‐H methoxyethoxy)silyl)ethyl)siloxane)) grafted with Si‐tripodant centers (2550EO) known for their flexible structure was physically blended with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene (PVdF‐HFP). Here, 2550EO containing varying amounts of amide salts (LiF(SO2CF3)2 (LiTFSI)) was used as the main matrix. PVdF‐HFP was used in concentrations of up to 30 % to increase the film‐forming ability of 2550EO/LiTFSI, and a series of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membranes were prepared. After incorporating the blended SPE with a minute amount of organic carbonates (only 15 wt%), the electrochemical features, such as Li+ conductivity and transference number (tLi+), significantly increased. For example, a tLi+ of 0.42 and ionic conductivities of 0.64 and 0.3 S cm−1 at 60 °C and 25 °C, respectively, were achieved. In addition, the electrochemical stability exceeded 5 and 4.8 V at 25 °C and 60 °C, respectively. Thus, a high Li/LiFePO4 battery performance with high coulombic efficiencies exceeding 96 % and 98 % at 60 °C and 25 °C were achieved at 0.1 C, respectively. This was due to the superiority of the polysiloxane structure over its organic counterpart, attributed to its highly flexible backbone, high segmental mobility, and outstanding thermal and chemical stability.
An investigation into the relationship between sugarcane and grain prices in Brazil: a fractional cointegration approach
Authors: Quintino Derick D. , Yaya OlaOluwa S. , Ogino Cristiane , Ferreira Paulo
Published: June 2023

We investigate cointegration in prices of corn, soybean and sugarcane in Brazil using a fractional integration analysis, fractional cointegration in a pairwise set‐up and fractional cointegrating vector autoregressive (FCVAR) set‐up. Monthly real prices of sugarcane, corn and soybean are considered, in the period between March 2006 and May 2022. The results of fractional integration first show that the prices of these agricultural commodities are non‐mean reverting, and cointegrated in a pairwise fractional sense. The results, based on the FCVAR model, show the prices of the three commodities moving in different directions, that is, sugarcane and soybean negatively, while sugarcane and corn, and corn and soybean move in positive directions. The positive relationship between sugarcane and corn has implications for the ATR (‘açúcar total recuperável’ – total recoverable sugar, TRS) pricing of derivatives of two commodities, such as sugar and ethanol. Also, corn and soybean are close substitutes and are expected to have similar pricing dynamics over time. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Location of acupuncture points based on graph convolution and 3D deep learning in virtual humans
Authors: Ji Xiaoyun , Zhou Lanfeng
Published: June 2023

Automatic acupoint searching is an indispensable part of intelligent acupuncture robot. Clinical practice have proofed that Dazhu, Fengmen and Xinshu, which could be located by Dazhui, are curative when these points are acupuncture. The existing methods are mainly based on regular or image. The regular‐based methods are based on the experience of physicians, and the accuracy will decrease for different patients; While the image‐based methods will lose some features in image. In order to solve the existing problems, we propose a novel graph convolution mixed with point cloud deep learning method. In this method, the skinned multi‐person linear model is regarded as a graph structure input, and the coarsened graph is obtained by graph convolution. After feeding the coarsened graph into the PointNet network, the coordinates of Dazhui are output. Different from the existing methods, the proposed method can directly label the results on the adaptive model, thus improving the accuracy on different models. An optimization method based on graph structure is introduced for better fit the predicted acupoints to the surface. In addition, a dataset marked with Dazhui is constructed for training. Experiments show that the accuracy of positioning could meet the requirements of needle application under certain circumstances.
Acrylic tooth splint—An immediate provisionalisation following tooth extraction; a series of case reports
Authors: Adam Fara Azwin , Mohamd Tarmizi Farah Syazwani , Goo Chui Ling
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Numerous techniques for provisionally replacing a single tooth at the aesthetic zone while planning for future dental implant placement, while soft and hard tissues heal, are critical in restorative treatment strategy. The available materials, simplicity, cost, and impact on the potential implant location should be considered when evaluating the treatment choices.

Replacement of a single anterior tooth in the aesthetic zone while planning for future implant placement is crucial to the restorative treatment plan. Several methods exist for immediate provisionalisation of the extracted tooth while waiting for soft and hard tissue healing. Although there's a myriad of possible provisionalisation methods available, each option has its advantages and disadvantages. The treatment options should weigh various factors such as the available materials, ease of fabrication, costs, and the effect on the future implant site. This article describes three clinical cases demonstrating a simple yet cost‐effective technique to temporarily replace an extracted single anterior tooth, enhancing patient satisfaction and increasing compliance before receiving the definitive implant restoration. The pro and cons for each treatment option available as opposed to the technique involved in the three cases used are also described.
Current Advancements in Biofuel Production from Microalgae: Harvesting and Conversion Technologies
Authors: Kajla Sachin , Kumari Ritu , Das Anima , Patel Vikas Kumar
Published: June 2023

The objective of this review is to interpret the usage of alternative renewable systems that is imperative for future developments on a global industrial scale. Microalgae have appeared as the most realistic source for biofuel generation due to the accumulation of lipids in most of the strains with rapid biomass expansion and greater photosynthetic efficiency than land plants. Microalgal‐derived feedstocks have a broad range of commercial advantages and can be used as promising renewable fuel substitutes with zero net CO2 emission. Important facets of algal‐based biofuel production, growing and harvesting techniques, approaches to thermochemical conversion, synthesis of commodities with added value, and recent breakthroughs in the field of synthetic biology for fuel production are covered.
Beyond Plastics-to-Plastics to Waste-to-Products: Opportunities for Closing the Carbon Cycle via Chemical Recycling
Authors: Lee Roh Pin , Keller Florian , Graebner Martin
Published: June 2023

The plastic crisis is a key driver for chemical recycling (CR), with focus placed on plastics circularity via Plastics‐to‐Plastics. This neglects its potential in enabling circularity for a wide range of carbon‐containing waste and hinders a critical discussion of its broader contributions to decarbonizing the chemical sector. To address this gap, four CR routes and their integration in the conventional waste treatment and chemical production value chains are briefly reviewed, and reasons proposed for a focus expansion to Waste‐to‐Products to realize opportunities for closing the carbon cycle via chemical recycling.
SiC switch‐based isolated DC‐DC converter for simultaneous charging of Li‐ion batteries of different voltage ratings for low‐ and medium‐power electric vehicle battery charging application
Authors: B S Sudarshan , G Arunkumar
Published: June 2023

The use of electric vehicles (EVs) has gained traction in recent years. With the widespread use of EVs in the future, the waiting time before charging will be high due to the use of slow chargers in developing countries. This work proposes a novel DC‐DC converter based on an isolated single‐ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) and isolated Ćuk converter to enable simultaneous charging of batteries of low‐ and medium‐power EVs. The proposed converter operates without spikes in input and output currents, even during a sudden source disturbance. It can charge one battery at the output voltage level and simultaneously charge two batteries at half the output voltage. Simulation results for open‐loop and closed‐loop operations are provided to validate the converter operation and the simplicity of control. The proposed converter operation has been experimentally validated using a scaled‐down prototype by charging one 48 V lithium‐ion battery and then simultaneously charging two 24 V lithium‐ion batteries. The converter's response is provided to present the novelty and advantages of the proposed converter. The proposed converter uses fewer switches, diodes, inductors, and capacitors. The size of the system is reduced due to the high switching frequency operation of SiC devices. A low‐side gate driver is sufficient for driving the MOSFET, and the control is simple. The proposed converter offers a new and simple converter to charge multiple low‐ and medium‐power EV batteries of different ratings simultaneously with a low component count.
Seasonal and spatial variability in rates of primary production and detritus release by intertidal stands of Laminaria digitata and Saccharina latissima on wave‐exposed shores in the northeast Atlantic
Authors: Gilson Abby R. , White Lydia J. , Burrows Michael T. , Smale Dan A. , O'Connor Nessa E.
Published: June 2023

Coastal habitats are increasingly recognized as fundamentally important components of global carbon cycles, but the rates of carbon flow associated with marine macrophytes are not well resolved for many species in many regions. We quantified density, rates of primary productivity, and detritus production of intertidal stands of two common intertidal kelp species—Laminaria digitata (oarweed) and Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp)—on four NE Atlantic rocky shores over 22 months. The density of L. digitata was greater at exposed compared to moderately exposed shores but remained consistently low for S. latissima throughout the survey period. Individual productivity and erosion rates of L. digitata did not differ between exposed and moderately exposed shores but differed across exposure levels throughout the year at moderately exposed sites only. Productivity and erosion of S. latissima remained low on moderately exposed shores and showed no clear seasonal pattern. Patterns of productivity and total detrital production (erosion and dislodgement) per m2 of both L. digitata and S. latissima followed closely that of densities per m2, peaking in May during both survey years. Temperature and light were key factors affecting the productivity rates of L. digitata and S. latissima. Erosion rates of L. digitata were affected by wave exposure, temperature, light, grazing, and epiphyte cover, but only temperature‐affected erosion of S. latissima. Production of biomass and detritus was greater in L. digitata than in S. latissima and exceeded previous estimates for subtidal and warmer‐water affinity kelp populations (e.g., Laminaria ochroleuca). These biogenic habitats are clearly important contributors to the coastal carbon cycle that have been overlooked previously and should be included in future ecosystem models. Further work is required to determine the areal extent of kelp stands in intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats, which is needed to scale up local production estimates to entire coastlines.
Subtle differences in growth rate drive contrasting responses of ephemeral primary producers to recurrent disturbances
Authors: Bertocci Iacopo , Maggi Elena , Scirè Scappuzzo Claudia , Rindi Luca , Benedetti‐Cecchi Lisandro
Published: June 2023

Although the importance of time after disturbance is well established in the ecological literature, studies examining how differences in growth rate affect species recovery and persistence in relation to the interval between recurrent perturbations are rare. We examined the response of two ephemeral primary producers inhabiting high‐shore rock pools, epilithic microphytobenthos (EMPB), and green filamentous algae, to disturbance regimes varying for the time interval between consecutive events. Informed from an empirically parametrized growth model's outcomes, we tested the hypothesis that EMPB would be able to recover from more frequent disturbance compared with filamentous algae in a field experiment involving three physical disturbance patterns differing for the clustering degree: high, moderate, and low (20, 40, and 80 days between disturbances). We predicted that: high clustering would prevent the recovery of both taxa; moderate clustering would prevent the recovery of the slower growing taxon only (filamentous algae); both taxa would recover under low clustering. Results showed that EMPB persisted independently of the clustering degree, whereas filamentous algae did not withstand any disturbance regime. Dramatically different effects of disturbance on organisms with subtle differences in their growth rate indicate that even stronger responses may be expected from taxa with more markedly contrasting life histories.
Gender differentials in the choice of in‐patient healthcare services among the older adults in India: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hasan Md Sayed , Ghosal Somnath
Published: June 2023

India is presently undergoing a rapid demographic transition and experiencing a gradual increase in an ageing population. As a result, the households were continuously exposed to catastrophic economic impacts, ultimately influencing the healthcare utilisation of older people. The study examined the gender differentials in the choice of in‐patient private and public hospitalisation among Indian elderly using Andersen's Health Behaviour Model. The database was acquired from the nationally representative cross‐sectional survey (NSSO, 2017‐18). Bivariate chi‐square and binomial logistic regression techniques were used to fulfill the objective. In addition, the poor‐rich ratio and concentration index was used to understand the inherent socioeconomic inequalities in healthcare preferences. The findings suggest that aged men were 27 percent more prone to avail private healthcare facilities than aged women. Further, older adults, who are married, belong to the upper caste, have higher education and gone through surgery, and primarily reside in an affluent society were more likely to prefer private in‐patient hospitalisation. It represents negligence of older women in access to better healthcare who had financial strain and economically dependent. The study can be used to reframe existing public health policies and programs, particularly focusing on the older women, to avail cost‐effective treatment.
Evaluating interpretable machine learning predictions for cryptocurrencies
Authors: El Majzoub Ahmad , Rabhi Fethi A. , Hussain Walayat
Published: June 2023

This study explores various machine learning and deep learning applications on financial data modelling, analysis and prediction processes. The main focus is to test the prediction accuracy of cryptocurrency hourly returns and to explore, analyse and showcase the various interpretability features of the ML models. The study considers the six most dominant cryptocurrencies in the market: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance Coin, Cardano, Ripple and Litecoin. The experimental settings explore the formation of the corresponding datasets from technical, fundamental and statistical analysis. The paper compares various existing and enhanced algorithms and explains their results, features and limitations. The algorithms include decision trees, random forests and ensemble methods, SVM, neural networks, single and multiple features N‐BEATS, ARIMA and Google AutoML. From experimental results, we see that predicting cryptocurrency returns is possible. However, prediction algorithms may not generalise for different assets and markets over long periods. There is no clear winner that satisfies all requirements, and the main choice of algorithm will be tied to the user needs and provided resources.
A novel strategy for the study on molecular mechanism of prostate injury induced by 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol based on network toxicology analysis
Authors: Huang Shujun
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of prostate injury induced by 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol (BPS) exposure and propose a novel research strategy to systematically explore the molecular mechanisms of toxicant‐induced adverse health effects. By utilizing the ChEMBL, STITCH, and GeneCards databases, a total of 208 potential targets associated with BPS exposure and prostate injury were identified. Through screening the potential target network in the STRING database and Cytoscape software, we determined 21 core targets including AKT1, EGFR, and MAPK3. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses conducted through the DAVID database illustrated that the potential targets of BPS in prostatic toxicity were primarily enriched in cancer signaling pathways and calcium signaling pathways. These findings suggest that BPS may actively participate in the occurrence and development of prostate inflammation, prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and other aspects of prostate injury by regulating prostate cancer cell apoptosis and proliferation, activating inflammatory signaling pathways, and modulating prostate adipocytes and fibroblasts. This research provides a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of underlying BPS‐induced prostatic toxicity and establishes a foundation for the prevention and treatment of prostatic diseases associated with exposure to plastic products containing BPS and certain BPS‐overwhelmed environments.
High‐speed submillimeter magnetic‐driven rotational scanning side‐imaging OCT probe
Authors: Zhang Chi , Yang Fan , Wang Fu , Tan Qingyue , He Hao , Zhang Su , Wu Jigang , Tu Shengxian
Published: June 2023

A high‐speed side‐imaging magnetic‐driven scanning (MDS) probe is proposed for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT). In the distal end of the probe, a reflecting micromirror is attached to a tiny magnet, which is driven by an external fast‐rotating magnetic field to achieve unobstructed 360‐degree side‐view scanning. A prototype probe was fabricated with an outer diameter of 0.89 mm. Using the prototype probe, OCT images of an ex vivo porcine artery with implanted stent were acquired in 100 frames per second. The OCT engine was a swept‐source system, and the system sensitivity with the prototype probe was 95 dB with an output power of 6 mW. The axial and lateral resolutions of the system were 10.3 and 39.7 μm, respectively. The high‐speed submillimeter MDS‐OCT probe provides a promising alternative endoscopic OCT solution for intravascular imaging applications.
Seed morphology of Hypericum (Hypericaceae) in China and its taxonomic significance
Authors: Bai Rui‐Zhu , Zhao Fei , Drew Bryan T. , Xu Gang , Cai Jie , Shen Shi‐Kang , Xiang Chun‐Lei
Published: June 2023

The seed morphology of 40 taxa within the genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) from China, representing 9 sections of the genus, was examined using both Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy to evaluate the taxonomic relevance of macro‐ and micro‐morphological features. Details articulating variation in seed size, color, shape, appendages, and seed coat ornamentation are described, illustrated, and compared, and their taxonomic importance is discussed. Seeds were generally brown in color and cylindric‐ellipsoid to prolonged cylindric in shape. Seed size displayed wide variation, ranging from 0.37–1.91 mm in length and 0.12–0.75 mm in width. Seed appendages were observed as a characteristic morphological feature. Seed surface ornamentation has high phenotypic plasticity, and four types (reticulate, foveolate, papillose, and ribbed) can be recognized. In general, seed color and shape have limited taxonomic significance. However, some other features represent informative characters that can be used efficiently in distinguishing the studied taxa at the section and/or species levels. The findings illustrate that considerable taxonomic knowledge can be obtained by investigating the seed features of Hypericum, and the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy can reveal inconspicuous morphological affinities among species and play a role in taxonomic and systematic studies of the genus Hypericum.

Research Highlights

Macro‐ and micro‐morphological features of seeds of 40 Hypericum taxa from China were examined using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy, providing the first broad study regarding seed morphology for Hypericum from China.

Details and variations of seed size, shape, color, surface ornamentation, and appendages are fully presented.

Seed features and their variation have important taxonomic significance at the section and/or species levels within Hypericum.
Hantzsch‐like reaction of isoquinoline‐1‐acetonitrile in synthesis of 4H‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolines with antibacterial evaluation
Authors: Laboud Yara N. , Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Hassaneen Huwaida M. E. , Mohamed Teleb Mohamed A. , Saleh Fatma M.
Published: June 2023

The in vitro antibacterial activity of brand‐new fused pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline compounds was investigated. The desired pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinoline derivatives 5, 9, and 10 were obtained by heating 2‐(6,7‐dimethoxy‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1‐yl)acetonitrile 1 with ethylacetate derivatives 2, 6, and 7 in refluxing acetonitrile, while piperidine was present as a catalytic quantity. Under the same conditions, compound 1 was refluxed with compounds 11a–f to give the corresponding compounds 12a–f.
Oral sialic acid supplementation inNANS‐CDG: Results of a single center, open‐label, observational pilot study
Authors: den Hollander Bibiche , Brands Marion M. , de Boer Lonneke , Haaxma Charlotte A. , Lengyel Anna , van Essen Peter , Peters Gera , Kwast Hanneke J. T. , Klein Willemijn M. , Coene Karlien L. M. , Lefeber Dirk J. , van Karnebeek Clara D. M.
Published: June 2023

NANS‐CDG is a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) caused by biallelic variants inNANS, encoding an essential enzyme in de novo sialic acid synthesis. It presents with intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), skeletal dysplasia, neurologic impairment, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Some patients suffer progressive intellectual neurologic deterioration (PIND), emphasizing the need for a therapy. In a previous study, sialic acid supplementation in knockoutnansazebrafish partially rescued skeletal abnormalities. Here, we performed the first in‐human pre‐ and postnatal sialic‐acid study in NANS‐CDG. In this open‐label observational study, 5 patients with NANS‐CDG (range 0–28 years) were treated with oral sialic acid for 15 months. The primary outcome was safety. Secondary outcomes were psychomotor/cognitive testing, height and weight, seizure control, bone health, gastrointestinal symptoms, and biochemical and hematological parameters. Sialic acid was well tolerated. In postnatally treated patients, there was no significant improvement. For the prenatally treated patient, psychomotor and neurologic development was better than two other genotypically identical patients (one treated postnatally, one untreated). The effect of sialic acid treatment may depend on the timing, with prenatal treatment potentially benefiting neurodevelopmental outcomes. Evidence is limited, however, and longer‐term follow‐up in a larger number of prenatally treated patients is required.
Does CMIP6 inspire more confidence in projecting precipitation over China?
Authors: Tian Jiaxi , Zhang Zengxin , Fu Yuanhai , Tao Hui , Zhu Bin , Yang Liu
Published: June 2023

Despite significant advancements in recent versions of general circulation models (GCMs), uncertainties persist in simulations of both historical and future precipitation. Notably, disparities exist between the simulated precipitation before 2015 and the projected precipitation in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. In this study, the accuracy of projected precipitation in 12 CMIP6 models was evaluated before and after applying SD and EDCDFm methods, by comparing with observed precipitation data during 2015–2020. This study aims to address the gap in the comprehensive evaluation of projected precipitation against observational data. The results of the study showed that: (1) Downscaling and bias correction improved the skill of CMIP6 models in simulating spatial distribution of precipitation during 1961–2014, especially in east China. However, bias‐corrected projected precipitation during 2015–2020 exhibited a dry bias over most of China. (2) Bias correction improved the capability of CMIP6 models in simulating historical monthly variations in precipitation, but did not address the issue of projected precipitation following the simulated seasonal cycles. (3) The improvement of projected precipitation after bias correction was limited during 2015–2020, and for CanESM5, IPSL‐CM6A‐LR, and MIROC6 models, bias correction even exacerbated the bias of projected precipitation over the Song–Liao River, Yangtze River, and Southeast River basins. (4) Bias‐corrected CMIP6 models generally underestimated the increase in precipitation after 2015, but projected precipitation over China was still expected to increase during 2015–2099 after bias correction. These findings emphasize the need for more precise strategic suggestions to improve the projection of precipitation.
Transcriptome analysis reveals genes related to the synthesis and metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides in goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) from various regions
Authors: Ma Ruixue , Zhang Meng , Yang Xiaohua , Guo Jia , Fan Yanli
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

In goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.), the cell wall properties and ripening environment affect fruit quality and their economic benefits. However, the mechanism underlying the cell wall remains to be fully elucidated.

RESULTS

The results showed that total sugar content was higher in Qinghai berries (13.87%, P < 0.01), whereas cellulose content peaked in Zhongning berries (28%, P < 0.05). Arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid were the principal components of the cell wall polysaccharides in goji berries. Among them, the content of galactose in Zhongning was significantly the highest (P < 0.05). Interestingly, we found that highly expressed β‐glucosidase and lowly expressed endoglucanase led to cellulose accumulation by RNA‐sequencing analysis. The expression analysis results suggested that pectate lyase and pectinesterase enzymes could be major factors related to higher galactose and galacturonic acid contents in Zhongning compared to in Qinghai and Gansu. The starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, pentose and glucuronate interconversions pathway, and galactose metabolism pathway played a significant role in cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and metabolism.

CONCLUSION

In the present study, we aimed to provide some insights into the cell wall on polysaccharide composition, structural features, and gene analysis in goji berries from Zhongning, Qinghai, and Gansu in China. These results might help to clarify the molecular function of the major genes in the cell wall polysaccharides of goji berries and provide a solid foundation for further study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of NIRS calibration curves for sugars in baked sweetpotato
Authors: Amankwaah Victor A. , Williamson Sharon , Reynolds Rong , Ibrahem Ragy , Pecota Kenneth V. , Zhang Xiaofei , Olukolu Bode A. , Truong Van‐Den , Carey Edward , Felde Thomas Zum , Ssali Reuben , Yencho George Craig
Published: June 2023

Background

Variability in sugar content between raw and cooked sweetpotato storage roots impact nutritional and dietary importance with implications for consumer preference. High‐throughput phenotyping is required to breed varieties that satisfy consumer preferences.

Results

Near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration curves were developed for analysing sugars in baked storage roots using 147 genotypes from a population segregating for sugar content and other traits. The NIRS prediction curves had high coefficients of determination in calibration (R2c) of 0.96 (glucose), 0.93 (fructose), 0.96 (sucrose), and 0.96 (maltose). The corresponding coefficients of determination for cross‐validation (R2cv) were 0.92 (glucose), 0.89 (fructose), 0.96 (sucrose) and 0.93 (maltose) and were similar to the R2c for all sugars measured. The ratios of the standard deviation of the reference set to the standard error of cross‐validation were greater than three for all sugars. These results confirm the applicability of the NIRS curves in efficiently determining sugar content in baked sweetpotato storage roots. External validation was performed on an additional 70 genotypes. Coefficients of determination (r2) were 0.88 (glucose), 0.88 (fructose), 0.86 (sucrose) and 0.49 (maltose). The results were comparable to those found for the calibration and cross‐validation in fructose, glucose, and sucrose, but were moderate for maltose due to the low variability of maltose content in the population.

Conclusions

NIRS can be used for screening sugar content in baked sweetpotato storage roots in breeding programs and can be used to assist with the development of improved sweetpotato varieties that better meet consumer preferences. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Photodynamic Therapy Minimally Affects HEMA‐DMAEMA Hydrogel Viscoelasticity
Authors: Willis Jace A. , Trevino Alexandria , Nguyen Calvin , Benjamin Chandler C. , Yakovlev Vladislav V.
Published: June 2023

Soft matter implants are a rapidly growing field in medicine for reconstructive surgery, aesthetic treatments, and regenerative medicine. Though these procedures are efficacious, all implants carry risks associated with microbial infection which are often aggressive. Preventative and responsive measures exist but are limited in applicability to soft materials. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) presents a means to perform safe and effective antimicrobial treatments in proximity to soft implants. HEMA‐DMAEMA hydrogels are prepared with the photosensitizer methylene blue included at 10 and 100 µM in solution used for swelling over 2 or 4 days. Thirty minutes or 5 h of LED illumination at is then used for PDT‐induced generation of reactive oxygen species in direct contact with hydrogels to test viable limits of treatment. Frequency sweep rheological measurements reveal minimal overall changes in terms of loss modulus and loss factor but a statistically significant drop in storage modulus for some PDT doses, though within the range of controls and biological variation. These mild impacts suggest the feasibility of PDT application for infection clearing in proximity to soft implants. Future investigation with additional hydrogel varieties and current implant models will further detail the safety of PDT in implant applications.
Stability results for piezoelectric beams with long‐range memory effects in the boundary
Authors: Feng Baowei , Özer Ahmet Özkan
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a piezoelectric beam is investigated under fully‐dynamic magnetic effects and long‐range dielectric and strain memories. The mathematical model under consideration is for the type of piezoelectric beams which strongly couple the electromagnetic effects with mechanical vibrations. This particular model is highly preferred for complex systems for which the vibrational profile is under the strong influence of the electromagnetic interactions. By a careful analysis, an optimal energy decay result is explicitly established under a wide class of kernel functions of the memory terms. The results are based on the multipliers technique. These results are compared to the widely‐used electrostatic/quasi‐static models which entirely exclude magnetic effects.
Examining adverse childhood experiences and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Wojtara Magda , Syeda Yusra , Singh Heshwin , Rana Emaan , Sabeer Saleem
Published: June 2023

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) comprise many dimensions of abuse and neglect in early development. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that often begins in childhood. In this review, we investigated the associations between ACEs and ADHD in children. Specifically, the focus is to determine the extent of the relationship between ACE type, cumulative number, and ADHD severity. Furthermore, this study explored all aspects of the bidirectional nature of this relationship including how children with ADHD may experience greater ACEs and the potential contribution of confounding and mediating variables including comorbid conditions and resilience. Selected studies were published between January 2015 and January 2023 on PsychInfo, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Selected studies included: (1) The main age group of the study was children; (2) The children had to have been diagnosed with or have parent‐reported ADHD; and (3) The research must include ACE. Case studies and those not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded from this review. Ultimately, 43 studies met the inclusion criteria, were included in this review, and were evaluated using the appropriate risk of bias assessment tools. These studies supported a positive association between ACEs and ADHD including cumulative quantity and select types of ACEs increasing ADHD severity. Previous literature has primarily utilized observational methodologies which prevent researchers from establishing if there are causal associations and if there is a temporal order to ACEs and ADHD development. This review also provides implications for future research.
Structure elucidation of olasubscorpioside C, a new rotameric biflavonoid glycoside from the stem barks of Olax subscorpioidea (Oliv)
Authors: Tsakem Bienvenu , Toussie Billy Tchegnitegni , Siwe‐Noundou Xavier , Ponou Beaudelaire Kemvoufo , Teponno Rémy Bertrand , Musharraf Syed Ghulam , Tapondjou Leon Azefack
Published: June 2023

From the n‐butanol soluble fraction of the ethanol extract of the medicinal plant Olax subscorpioidea, a previously unreported rotameric biflavonoid glycoside constituted of 4′‐O‐methylgallocatechin‐(4α → 8)‐4′‐O‐methylgallocatechin as aglycone named olasubscorpioside C (1) along with the known 4′‐O‐methylgallocatechin (2) were isolated. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectrometric and spectroscopic techniques including HRFABMS, 1H and 13C NMR, DEPT 135o, HSQC, HMBC, ROESY, and CD followed by comparison with the reported data.
The generalized residual cutting method and its convergence characteristics
Authors: Abe T. , Chronopoulos A. T.
Published: June 2023

Iterative methods and especially Krylov subspace methods (KSM) are a very useful numerical tool in solving for large and sparse linear systems problems arising in science and engineering modeling. More recently, the nested loop KSM have been proposed that improve the convergence of the traditional KSM. In this article, we review the residual cutting (RC) and the generalized residual cutting (GRC) that are nested loop methods for large and sparse linear systems problems. We also show that GRC is a KSM that is equivalent to Orthomin with a variable preconditioning. We use the modified Gram–Schmidt method to derive a stable GRC algorithm. We show that GRC presents a general framework for constructing a class of “hybrid” (nested) KSM based on inner loop method selection. We conduct numerical experiments using nonsymmetric indefinite matrices from a widely used library of sparse matrices that validate the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed methods.
Scaling a behavioral weight‐loss intervention for individuals with serious mental illness using the enhanced replicating effective programs framework: A preconditions phase proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Gudzune Kimberly A. , Jerome Gerald J. , Dalcin Arlene T. , Gao Ruiyi , Mace Elizabeth , Fink Tyler , Minahan Eva , Yuan Christina , Xie Anping , Goldsholl Stacy , Gennusa Joseph V. , Daumit Gail L.
Published: June 2023

Background

Given the obesity's high prevalence among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI), translating weight‐loss interventions with demonstrated effectiveness is needed. This study describes the initial translation phase of such an intervention using the Enhanced Replicating Effective Programs (REP) Framework for delivery by mental health program staff.

Methods

The Achieving Healthy Lifestyles in Psychiatric Rehabilitation (Achieving Healthy Lifestyles in Psychiatric Rehabilitation) trial intervention was preliminarily adapted to create the ACHIEVE‐Dissemination (ACHIEVE‐D) curriculum. A treatment‐only study was conducted to rapidly evaluate the curriculum using a mixed‐methods approach including surveys and focus groups. A study coach delivered an abbreviated curriculum to individuals with SMI from a single psychiatric program. Among all participants with SMI (n = 17), outcomes were attendance and satisfaction; 14 participated in a focus group. The program staff observed curriculum delivery and participated in a focus group (n = 3).

Results

Overall, 23 group sessions were delivered. Median attendance was 78.6% across participants with SMI; 92.9% would recommend ACHIEVE‐D to others. The staff found the curriculum acceptable, particularly its structured nature, inclusion of weight management and exercise, and integrated goal setting and tracking. These improvements recommended by participants and/or staff were to assess participant readiness‐to‐change prior to enrollment, change the frequency of weigh‐ins, and train staff coaches on anticipated challenges (e.g., exercise engagement, weight fluctuations).

Conclusions

During this first REP phase, individuals with SMI and program staff were satisfied with ACHIEVE‐D. Additional refinements will aid future implementation and improve participant experience.
Burst mode boosts net cutting speed
Authors: Bovatsek Jim
Published: June 2023

Lithium‐ion batteries are the energy storage medium of choice for myriad applications. The enormous demand worldwide is reaching new heights, motivating the development of lower cost, faster production methods. With all these efforts to economic efficiency, the quality of the manufactured batteries must remain at the highest level, a goal that can only be achieved if all the individual components meet their respective quality specifications. MKS, with its different brands in the photonics industry, has conducted intensive research to support customers in optimizing their laser‐based production processes. The latest research shows the advantages of using picosecond IR lasers with burst mode.
Eye safety assessment of VCSELs
Authors: Leschhorn Günther
Published: June 2023

Vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VCSELs) are perfectly suited to fulfill the requirements of present and future 3D‐sensing applications. However, prior to operating VCSEL‐based devices in public, manufacturers must ensure safe operation compliant with the IEC 60825‐1 standard or corresponding national equivalents.
Effects of process‐based floodplain restoration on aquatic macroinvertebrate production and community structure
Authors: Jennings Jeremy C. , Bellmore J. Ryan , Armstrong Jonathan B. , Wisseman Robert W.
Published: June 2023

Recent stream restoration approaches, such as Stage 0 restoration, aim to restore natural processes to regain lost ecosystem functions, but project implementation can also represent a reach‐scale disturbance. Assumed outcomes of these restoration actions, like greater biological productivity, are rarely evaluated. In this study, we examined the short‐term effects of Stage 0 floodplain restoration on the secondary production of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in the South Fork McKenzie River, Oregon, 1–2 years following project implementation. We seasonally sampled macroinvertebrates from benthic and submerged wood surfaces in the restored reach, and two unrestored reference reaches located upstream, to estimate annual secondary production. Macroinvertebrate production estimates were 3× lower on a per‐meter‐squared basis in the restored reach than in the upstream unrestored reference reaches (9764 vs. 29,636 mg DM/m2/yr). However, because there was 4.5‐times greater wetted area available in the restored reach, overall macroinvertebrate production per unit of valley length was 3.4× higher in the restored reach than in unrestored reference reaches (2744 vs. 802 kg DM/km). Additionally, the mosaic of aquatic habitats created via restoration (main‐channel, side‐channel, and wetted forest habitats) supported a diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages both within and among reaches. Our findings suggest Stage 0 project implementation, which can include dewatering and filling incised channels, may reduce aquatic macroinvertebrate production on a per‐unit‐area basis for at least 1 or 2 years following restoration. However, this short‐term disturbance effect may be offset by channel aggradation and widening, which can provide a more wetted area for macroinvertebrate production and may support greater macroinvertebrate community diversity. Future studies are needed to examine the longer term (2–10 years) aquatic macroinvertebrate response to Stage 0 restoration, and the impacts of shifting resource availability on stream fishes.
Does labor out‐migration affect the sustainability of disaster mitigation? Insight from the social–ecological system perspective
Authors: Li Sainan , Peng Li , Wu Wenxin , Huang Ziyan , Liu Ying
Published: June 2023

Much is known about disaster mitigation (DM) actions, but little is known about the impact of migration as an exogenous shock. Rural farmers in mountainous areas are under the pressure of poverty, and also face the threat of geo‐hazards. Therefore, a more complex relationship exists between rural farmers' willingness to out‐migration for work and their DM behavior. To gain insight into the relationship between the two, we constructed the social–ecological system (SES) framework based on the survey data of 864 households in 53 villages in Chongqing, and verified our findings using the endogenous switching regression model and the mediation effect model. The results show that labor out‐migration has a negative correlation with the DM behavior of peasant households. When the total effect is further categorized into the direct effect and mediation effect; the negative total effect of labor out‐migration on the DM of farmers changes from a significant to an insignificant negative direct effect. It can be seen that labor out‐migration is not the direct cause of low motivation for DM, but the loss of leadership caused by labor out‐migration, the dilution of farmers' sense of place, and the decline of farmers' risk perception are the causes that ultimately lead to the decline of farmers' action ability for DM. This study confirms that the SES framework is suitable for empirical research on how labor out‐migration affects the ability of local villages to ensure DM action. These findings add new theoretical insights to the literature on DM.
Using data science for sustainable development in higher education
Authors: Leal Filho Walter , Eustachio João Henrique Paulino Pires , Nita (Danila) Andreea Corina , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta , Salvia Amanda Lange , Cotton Debby R. E. , Frizzo Kamila , Trevisan Laís Viera , Dibbern Thais
Published: June 2023

Despite the abundance of studies focused on how higher education institutions (HEIs) are implementing sustainable development (SD) in their educational programmes, there is a paucity of interdisciplinary studies exploring the role of technology, such as data science, in an SD context. Further research is thus needed to identify how SD is being deployed in higher education (HE), generating positive externalities for society and the environment. This study aims to address this research gap by exploring various ways in which data science may support university efforts towards SD. The methodology relied on a bibliometric analysis to understand and visualise the connections between data science and SD in HE, as well as reporting on selected case studies showing how data science may be deployed for creating SD impact in HE and in the community. The results from the bibliometric analysis unveil five research strands driving this field, and the case studies exemplify them. This study can be considered innovative since it follows previous research on artificial intelligence and SD. Moreover, the combination of bibliometric analysis and case studies provides an overview of trends, which may be useful to researchers and decision‐makers who wish to explore the use of data science for SD in HEIs. Finally, the findings highlight how data science can be used in HEIs, combined with a framework developed to support further research into SD in HE.