bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cause-Specific Mortality among Patients in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Multiple Settings: A Prospective Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Eide Desiree , Skurtveit Svetlana , Clausen Thomas , Hesse Morten , Mravčík Viktor , Nechanská Blanka , Rolova Gabriela , Thylstrup Birgitte , Tjagvad Christian , Seid Abdu Kedir , Odsbu Ingvild , Gabrhelík Roman
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Among people receiving current or previous opioid maintenance treatment (OMT), the leading cause of premature death is an opioid overdose. However, other causes of mortality remain high in this group. An understanding of causes of deaths across multiple settings can be useful in informing more comprehensive prevention responses. The aim of this study was to describe all non-overdose causes of death in three national cohorts (Czechia, Denmark, and Norway) among OMT patients and to explore associations of non-overdose mortality with age and gender. Methods: This prospective comparative cohort study used national mortality registry databases for OMT patients from Czechia (2000–2019), Denmark (2000–2018), and Norway (2010–2019). Crude mortality rates and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were calculated as deaths per 1,000 person years for cause-specific mortality. Results: In total, 29,486 patients were included, with 5,322 deaths recorded (18%). We found variations in causes of death among the cohorts and within gender and age groups. The leading non-overdose causes of death were accidents in Czechia and Denmark, and neoplasms in Norway. Cardiovascular deaths were highest in Czechia, particularly for women in OMT (ASMR 3.59 vs. 1.24 in Norway and 1.87 in Denmark). Conclusion: This study found high rates of preventable death among both genders and all age groups. Different demographic structures, variations in risk exposure, as well as variations in coding practices can explain the differences. The findings support increased efforts towards screening and preventative health initiatives among OMT patients specific to the demographic characteristics in different settings.
Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Prognostic Impact of Kidney Disease on Heart Failure Patients: An Observational Study of the Colombian Heart Failure Registry
Authors: López-Ponce de León Juan David , Gómez-Mesa Juan Esteban , Saldarriaga Clara , Echeverría Luis Eduardo , Posada-Bastidas Alejandro , García Juan Camilo , Ochoa-Morón Alejandro David , Rolong Balkis , Manzur-Jatin Fernando , Mosquera-Jiménez José Ignacio , Pacheco-Jiménez Oscar Alfredo , Rodríguez-Cerón Álvaro Hernán , Rodríguez-Gómez Patricia , Rivera-Toquica Fernando , Rivera-Toquica Alex
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents one of the most frequent comorbidities observed in heart failure (HF) patients and has been observed to increase this population’s risk of adverse outcomes. Nevertheless, evidence analyzing kidney dysfunction in HF is scarce in Latin American populations. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of kidney dysfunction and assess its association with mortality in patients diagnosed with HF enrolled in the Colombian Heart Failure Registry (RECOLFACA). Methods: RECOLFACA enrolled adult patients with HF diagnosis from 60 centers in Colombia during the period 2017–2019. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to assess the impact of the different categories of eGFR in mortality risk. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. All statistical tests were two-tailed. Results: From the total 2,514 evaluated patients, 1,501 (59.7%) patients had moderate kidney dysfunction (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), while 221 (8.8%) patients were classified as having a severe kidney dysfunction (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients with lower kidney function were most commonly males, had higher median age, and reported a higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities. Moreover, different patterns of medications prescription were observed when comparing CKD versus non-CKD patients. Finally, eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 was significantly associated with a higher mortality risk compared to eGFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2 status (HR: 1.87; 95% CI, 1.10–3.18), even after an extensive adjustment by relevant covariates. Conclusion: CKD represents a prevalent condition in the setting of HF. Patients with CKD and HF present with multiple sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory differences compared with those only diagnosed with HF and present a significantly higher risk of mortality. A timely diagnosis and optimal treatment and follow-up of CKD in the setting of HF may improve the prognosis of these patients and prevent adverse outcomes.
Evaluating Eating Behaviour, Energy Homeostasis, and Obesity in Childhood-Onset Craniopharyngioma: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Hinton Elanor C. , Lithander Fiona E , Elsworth Rebecca L , Hawton Katherine , Narayan Kruthika , Szymkowiak Sophie , Bedford Holly L , Naeem Nimra , Elson Ruth , Taylor-Miller Tashunka , Hamilton-Shield Julian P. , Crowne Elizabeth C.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Craniopharyngiomas are rare brain tumours (incidence 1.1–1.7 cases/million/year). Although non-malignant, craniopharyngioma causes major endocrine and visual morbidities including hypothalamic obesity, yet mechanisms leading to obesity are poorly understood. This study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of eating behaviour measures in patients with craniopharyngioma to inform the design of future trials. Methods: Patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma and controls matched for sex, pubertal stage, and age were recruited. After an overnight fast, participants received the following measures: body composition, resting metabolic rate, oral glucose tolerance test including magnetic resonance imaging (patients only), appetite ratings, eating behaviour, and quality of life questionnaires, ad libitum lunch, and an acceptability questionnaire. Data are reported as median ± IQR, with effect size measure (Cliff’s delta) and Kendall’s tau for correlations, due to the small sample size. Results: Eleven patients (median age = 14 years; 5 F/6 M) and matched controls (median age = 12 years; 5 F/6 M) were recruited. All patients had received surgery, and 9/11 also received radiotherapy. Hypothalamic damage post-surgery was graded (Paris grading): grade 2 n = 6; grade 1 n = 1; grade 0 n = 2. The included measures were deemed highly tolerable by participants and their parent/carers. Preliminary data suggest a difference in hyperphagia between patients and controls (d = 0.5), and a relationship between hyperphagia with body mass index standard deviation score (BMISDS) in patients (τ = 0.46). Discussion: These findings demonstrate that eating behaviour research is feasible and acceptable to craniopharyngioma patients and there is an association between BMISDS and hyperphagia in patients. Thus, food approach and avoidance behaviours may be useful targets for interventions to manage obesity in this patient group.
The Physiology of Neurogenic Obesity: Lessons from Spinal Cord Injury Research
Authors: McMillan David W , Bigford Gregory E. , Farkas Gary J.
Published: July 2023

Background: A spinal cord injury (SCI) from trauma or disease impairs sensorimotor pathways in somatic and autonomic divisions of the nervous system, affecting multiple body systems. Improved medical practices have increased survivability and life expectancy after SCI, allowing for the development of extensive metabolic comorbidities and profound changes in body composition that culminate in prevalent obesity. Summary: Obesity is the most common cardiometabolic component risk in people living with SCI, with a diagnostic body mass index cutoff of 22 kg/m2 to account for a phenotype of high adiposity and low lean mass. The metameric organization of specific divisions of the nervous system results in level-dependent pathology, with resulting sympathetic decentralization altering physiological functions such as lipolysis, hepatic lipoprotein metabolism, dietary fat absorption, and neuroendocrine signaling. In this manner, SCI provides a unique opportunity to study in vivo the “neurogenic” components of certain pathologies that otherwise are not readily observable in other populations. We discuss the unique physiology of neurogenic obesity after SCI, including the altered functions mentioned above as well as structural changes such as reduced skeletal muscle and bone mass and increased lipid deposition in the adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and liver. Key Message: The study of neurogenic obesity after SCI gives us a unique neurological perspective on the physiology of obesity. The lessons learned from this field can guide future research and advancements to inform the study of obesity in persons with and without SCI.
Quantitatively Evaluating the Relationships between Insulin Resistance and Retinal Neurodegeneration with Optical Coherence Tomography in Early Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zheng Zhaoxia , Yan Meng , Zhang Duo , Li Lu , Zhang Lina
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess retinal neurodegenerative changes with optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and evaluate their relationships with insulin resistance (IR) and associated systemic indicators. Methods: 102 T2DM patients without DR and 48 healthy controls were included in this observational cross-sectional study. The OCT parameters of macular retinal thickness (MRT) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses were evaluated between diabetic and normal eyes. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was generated to evaluate the discrimination power of early diabetes. Correlation and multiple regression analysis were performed between ophthalmological parameters and T2DM-related demographic and anthropometric variables, and serum biomarkers and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. Results: MRT and GCIPL thicknesses showed significant thinning in patients, especially in inferotemporal area. High body mass index (BMI) correlated with decreased GCIPL thicknesses and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). A negative correlation between waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR) and GCIPL thicknesses was also found. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and fasting C-peptide (CP0) were associated with GCIPL thickness but only in inferotemporal region (r = 0.20, p = 0.04; r = −0.20, p = 0.05, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that increased HOMA-IR scores independently predicted both average (β = −0.30, p = 0.05) and inferotemporal (β = −0.34, p = 0.03) GCIPL thinning. Conclusion: Retinal thinning in early T2DM was associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. IR as an independent risk factor for retinal neurodegeneration may increase the risk of developing glaucoma.
Trousseau’s Syndrome with Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Colon: A Case Report
Authors: Ohmura Hirofumi , Tobo Taro , Mimori Koshi , Baba Eishi , Horiuchi Takahiko
Published: July 2023

Here, we present a 69-year-old female with advanced neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of colon with multiple liver, bone, and kidney metastases who developed Trousseau’s syndrome. The patient received etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) as the first-line therapy; however, after single administration of EP, she developed the severe lower-limb edema and EP was considered to be intolerable. Etoposide plus carboplatin was administered as the second-line therapy and after 3 cycles of administration, the progressive disease (PD) was confirmed and 5-fluorouracil + leucovorin + irinotecan (FOLFIRI) plus ramucirumab was administered as the third-line therapy. However, PD was confirmed after 3 cycles of the therapy, and she was to receive the best supportive care and was hospitalized in our hospital. Four weeks after hospitalization, mild impaired consciousness and dysarthria were observed. Blood tests showed coagulation abnormalities including elevation of plasma fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimer levels, and the diffusion-weighted image of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed multiple cerebral infarcts. She was diagnosed with Trousseau’s syndrome due to the progression of NEC and intravenous unfractionated heparin was administered as anticoagulant therapy. After the administration of heparin, plasma FDP and D-dimer levels decreased; however, due to the progression of NEC, the patient died 6 weeks after hospitalization. This is the first report of NEC of the colon that developed Trousseau’s syndrome.
The “Weekday Effect” on Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol for Gastrectomy
Authors: Weindelmayer Jacopo , Mengardo Valentina , Torroni Lorena , Gervasi Maria Clelia , Hetoja Selma , De Pasqual Carlo Alberto , Simion Davide , Giacopuzzi Simone
Published: July 2023

Introduction: While enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol demonstrated to improve outcomes after gastrectomy, some papers evidenced a detrimental effect on postoperative morbidity related to the “weekday effect.” We aimed to understand whether the day of gastrectomy could affect postoperative outcomes and compliance with ERAS items. Methods: We included all patients that underwent gastrectomy for cancer between January 2017 and September 2021. Cohort was divided considering the day of surgery: Early group (Monday–Wednesday) and Late group (Thursday–Friday). Compliance with protocol and postoperative outcomes were compared. Results: Two hundred twenty-seven patients were included in Early group, while 154 were in Late group. The groups were comparable in preoperative characteristics. No significant difference in pre/intraoperative and postoperative ERAS items’ compliance was apparent between Early and Late groups, with most items exceeding the 70% threshold. Median length of stay was 6.5 days and 6 days in Early and Late groups (p = 0.616), respectively. Morbidity was 50% in both groups, with severe complications that occurred in 13% of Early patients and 15% of Late patients. Ninety-day mortality was 2%, and it was similar between the two groups. Conclusions: In a center with a standardized ERAS protocol, the weekday of gastrectomy has no significant impact on the success of each ERAS item and on postoperative surgical and oncological outcomes.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Conjunction with Conventional Swallowing Therapy in the Treatment of Dysphagia Caused by Multiple Sclerosis: A Single-Case Experimental Design
Authors: Tavakoli Shadi , Poorjavad Marziyeh , Taheri Navid , Ghasisin Leila , Etemadifar Masoud , Memarian Asefeh
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Dysphagia as a consequence of multiple sclerosis (MS) puts individuals at higher risk of dehydration, malnutrition, and aspiration pneumonia. This study intended to investigate the effects of a combined program of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and conventional swallowing therapy to improve swallow safety and efficiency, oral intake, and physical, emotional, and functional impacts of dysphagia in people with dysphagia and MS. Methods: In this single-case experimental study with ABA design, two participants with dysphagia caused by MS underwent 12 sessions therapy during 6 weeks following a baseline of 4 evaluation sessions. They were evaluated 4 more times in the follow-up phase after therapy sessions. Scores of Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA), DYsphagia in MUltiple Sclerosis (DYMUS), and timed test of swallowing capacity were obtained at baseline, during treatment, and in the follow-up phases. The Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) based on videofluoroscopic swallow studies, Persian-Dysphagia Handicap Index (Persian-DHI), and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) were also completed before and after treatment. Visual analysis and percentage of nonoverlapping data were calculated. Results: MASA, DYMUS, FOIS, and DHI scores indicated significant improvement in both participants. Although the scores of the timed test of swallowing capacity in participant 1 (B.N.) and DOSS in participant 2 (M.A.) showed no changes, considerable improvements including reducing the amount of residue and the number of swallows required to clear bolus were seen in the posttreatment videofluoroscopic records of both participants. Conclusion: NMES in conjunction with conventional dysphagia therapy based on motor learning principles could improve the swallowing function and decrease disabling effects of dysphagia on different aspects of life in participants with dysphagia caused by MS.
Intrarenal Anti-Leptin Treatment Attenuates Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Jonas Michael , Simon Amos J. , Gilburd Boris , Schneiderman Jacob
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Renal ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury introduces cellular stress and is the main cause of acute kidney damage. Renal cells exposed to noxious stress induce the expression of the pleiotropic hormone leptin. As we have previously revealed a deleterious stress-related role for leptin expression, these results suggested that leptin is also involved in pathological renal remodeling. The systemic functions of leptin preclude the study of its local effects using conventional approaches. We have therefore designed a method to locally perturb leptin activity in specific tissues without affecting its systemic levels. This study explores whether local anti-leptin strategy is renoprotective in a post-IR porcine kidney model. Methods: We induced renal IR injury in pigs by exposing kidneys to ischemia and revascularization. Upon reperfusion, kidneys instantly received an intra-arterial bolus of either a leptin antagonist (LepA) or saline solution. Peripheral blood was sampled to assess systemic leptin, IL-6, creatinine, and BUN levels, and postoperative tissue samples were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results: Histology of IR/saline kidneys exhibited extensive necrosis of proximal tubular epithelial cells, as well as elevated levels of apoptosis markers and inflammation. In contrast, IR/LepA kidneys showed no signs of necrosis or inflammation with normal IL-6 and tall-like receptor 4 levels. LepA treatment led to upregulation in mRNA levels of leptin, leptin receptor, ERK1/2, STAT3, and transport molecule Na/H exchanger-3. Conclusions: Local, intrarenal postischemic LepA treatment at reperfusion prevented apoptosis and inflammation and was renoprotective. Selective intrarenal administration of LepA at reperfusion may provide a viable option for clinical implementation.
Renal Transplantation in the Elderly: Are They All the Same? A Multicenter, Comorbidity-Based Study
Authors: Fragale Guillermo , Laham Gustavo , Raffaele Pablo , Fortunato Marcela , Villamil Susana , Giordani Maria Cora , Taylor Marcelo , Ciappa Julio , Rodriguez Marisol , Maldonado Rafael , Trimarchi Hernán , Pomeranz Vanesa , Ellena Virginia , De La Fuente Jorge , Bisigniano Liliana , Antik Ariel , Soler Pujol Gervasio
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The age for kidney transplantation (KT) is no longer a limitation and several studies have shown benefits in the survival of elderly patients. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of the baseline Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score to morbidity and mortality after transplantation. Methods: In this multicentric observational retrospective cohort study, we included patients older than 60 years admitted on the waiting list (WL) for deceased donor KT from January 01, 2006, to December 31, 2016. The CCI score was calculated for each patient at inclusion on the WL. Results: Data for analysis were available of 387 patients. The patients were divided in tertiles of CCI: group 1 (CCI: 1-2) n = 117, group 2 (CCI: 3-4) n = 158, and group 3 (CCI: ≥5) n = 112. Patient survival was significantly different between CCI groups at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively: 90%, 88%, and 84% for group 1, 88%, 80%, and 72% for group 2, and 87%, 75%, and 63% for group 3 (p < 0.0001). Variables associated with mortality were CCI score (p < 0.0001), HLA mismatch (p = 0.014), length of hospital stay (p < 0.0001), surgical complications (p = 0.048). Conclusion: Individualized strategies to modify these variables may improve patient’s morbidity and mortality after KT.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis with Good Response to Low-Dose Imatinib: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Abdulagayoom Mohammed , Mudawi Deena , Lengyel Zsolt , Abo Samra Hayan , Alshurafa Awni , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: July 2023

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare neoplastic disease characterized by infiltration of histiocytes and dendritic cells into body organs. While treatment is better established in pediatrics, there is still no consensus on therapy in the adult population. Imatinib has shown promising results in some case reports and a small clinical trial. We present here a fifty-nine-year-old patient with LCH in the lung, liver, and bone who responded well to an imatinib dose of 100 mg daily. Her symptoms improved within 3 months of treatment, and subsequent positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) showed resolution of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lesions.
Inflammation on the Waiting List Is a Risk Factor for New-Onset Prediabetes and Post-Transplant Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study
Authors: González Delgado Alejandra , Hernández Arminda Fariña , Marrero Domingo , Maside Andrés Franco , Barroso Grimanesa Hernández , Carreño Estefania Pérez , Acosta Sørensen Cristian , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Ana Elena , Collantes Tatiana , Anabel Rodríguez , Álvarez Carla Rodríguez , Rivero Antonio , Jiménez Sosa Alejandro , Macia Manuel , Terán García Elena , Álvarez González Alejandra , González Rinne Ana , Rodríguez Aurelio , Redondo Eduardo De Bonis , Rodríguez Adanero Concepción , Hernández Domingo , Torres Ramírez Armando , Porrini Esteban
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Inflammation is a risk factor for diabetes in the general population. The role of inflammation in prediabetes or post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is not clear. We evaluated the association between inflammatory markers in patients on the waiting list for renal transplantation and the onset of prediabetes and PTDM 12 months after transplantation. Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of a prospective study that included nondiabetic patients on the waiting list for kidney transplantation who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were followed up to 12 months after transplantation. At this time, those patients without PTDM underwent another OGTT. At pre-transplantation, five cytokines: TNFα, IL6, IL1β, CRP, MCP1 were determined. The association between inflammation and prediabetes/PTDM was evaluated using multiple regression models. Results: 110 patients on the waiting list were enrolled: 74 had normal glucose metabolism and 36 had prediabetes or occult diabetes. At 12 months, 53 patients had normal glucose metabolism, 25 prediabetes, and 32 PTDM. In multiple regression analysis, pre-transplant inflammation was not a risk factor for prediabetes or PTDM. This was attributed to the high interrelation between obesity, prediabetes, and inflammation: about 75% of the cases had these conditions. In a sub-analysis, we analyzed only patients without prediabetes and occult diabetes on the waiting list and found that TNFα levels and BMI at pre-transplantation were independently associated with the onset of prediabetes or PTDM 1 year after transplantation. Conclusions: Pre-transplant inflammation and BMI are risk factors for prediabetes and PTDM in patients without glucose metabolism alterations.
Associations of Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance Trajectories With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality
Authors: Lee Jun-Hyuk , Jeon Soyoung , Joung Boyoung , Lee Hye Sun , Kwon Yu-Jin
Published: July 2023

Background:

Whether trends in insulin resistance changes are related to the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) trajectories with CVD incidence and mortality.

Methods:

Data from 6755 adults aged 40 to 69 years in the Korea Epidemiology and Genome Study were analyzed. During the exposure period (2001–2006), participants were classified into the increasing HOMA-IR trajectory group and the stable HOMA-IR trajectory group using a latent class mixture model. During the event accrual period (2007–2018), information about CVD and mortality were collected.

Results:

During the median 9.83-year event accrual period, there were 379 (5.6%) new-onset CVD, 535 (7.9%) all-cause mortality, 102 (1.5%) CVD mortality, and 47 (0.7%) major adverse cardiovascular event mortality cases. Compared with the stable HOMA-IR trajectory group, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for the increasing HOMA-IR trajectory group were 1.59 (1.04–2.44) for incident CVD, 1.87 (1.30–2.69) for all-cause mortality, 2.33 (1.11–4.89) for CVD mortality, and 3.67 (1.38–9.76) for major adverse cardiovascular event mortality.

Conclusions:

An increasing HOMA-IR appears to be independently and positively related to incident CVD, all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular event mortality. Early lifestyle interventions for individuals with increasing HOMA-IR trend could be a practical strategy to prevent CVD and CVD mortality.
New species and new records of Eastern Palaearctic Stenichnus Thomson (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: July 2023

Two new scydmaenine species are described based on specimens collected in Taiwan: Stenichnus (s. str.) bifurcatus sp. n., and Stenichnus (s. str.) totoroides sp. n. New records are provided for Stenichnus totoro Jałoszyński (Japan: Iriomote-jima and Ishigaki-jima), S. bellulus Jałoszyński (Taiwan; Japan: Iriomote-jima, Ishigaki-jima, and for the first time recorded from Yonaguni-jima), S. taiwanicus Franz (Taiwan), S. bicolor (Denny) (Europe, Mongolia, Siberia, Russian Far East, and for the first time recorded from Japan: Iwate Prefecture), S. dividus Kurbatov (Russian Far East; for the first time recorded from Japan: Fukushima Prefecture), S. lackneri Jałoszyński (Japan: Tokunoshima, and for the first time recorded from Amami-Ôshima and Okinawa-jima), S. pollens (Sharp) (Japan: Kyushu, and for the first time recorded from Honshu), S. minipollens Jałoszyński (Japan: Hokkaido, and for the first time recorded from Kyushu and Shikoku), and S. saltuarius Kurbatov (Russian Far East; for the first time recorded from China: Heilongjiang Province). Moreover, records of six undescribed Japanese species of Stenichnus known from females are given, to facilitate future study on the still poorly known diversity of this genus in Eastern Palaearctic. Stenichnus dividus and S. saltuarius are placed in the nominotypical subgenus.
Real-World Evidence of the Top 100 Prescribed Drugs in the USA and Their Potential for Drug Interactions with Nirmatrelvir; Ritonavir
Authors: Gerhart Jacqueline , Draica Florin , Benigno Michael , Atkinson Jo , Reimbaeva Maya , Francis Domenick , Baillon-Plot Nathalie , Sidhu Gurinder Singh , Damle Bharat D.
Published: July 2023

Nirmatrelvir (coadministered with ritonavir as PAXLOVIDTM) reduces the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and all-cause death in individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 at high risk of progression to severe disease. Ritonavir is coadministered as a pharmacokinetic enhancer. However, ritonavir may cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs) due to its interactions with various drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, including cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, CYP2D6, and P-glycoprotein transporters. To better understand the extent of DDIs (or lack thereof) of nirmatrelvir; ritonavir in a clinical setting, this study used real-world evidence (RWE) from the Optum Clinformatics Data Mart database to identify the top 100 drugs most commonly prescribed to US patients at high risk of progression to severe COVID-19 disease. The top 100 drugs were identified based on total counts associated with drugs prescribed to high-risk patients (i.e.,  ≥ 1 medical condition associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19) who were continuously enrolled in the database throughout 2019 and had  ≥ 1 prescription claim. Each of the 100 drugs was then assessed for DDI risk based on their metabolism, excretion, and transport pathways identified from available US prescribing and medical literature sources. Seventy drugs identified were not expected to have DDIs with nirmatrelvir; ritonavir, including many cardiovascular agents, anti-infectives, antidiabetic agents, and antidepressants. Conversely, 30 drugs, including corticosteroids, narcotic analgesics, anticoagulants, statins, and sedatives/hypnotics, were expected to cause DDIs with nirmatrelvir; ritonavir. This RWE analysis is complementary to the prescribing information and other DDI management tools for guiding healthcare providers in managing DDIs.

Graphical Abstract
Κλινική σημασία της έκφρασης της πρωτεΐνης HuR σε κακοήθη νεοπλάσματα του πεπτικού συστήματος
Authors: Παπαθεοφάνη Βασιλική
Published: July 2023

Η πρωτεΐνη HuR ελέγχει τη γονιδιακή έκφραση σε πολλά επίπεδα της κακοήθους εξαλλαγής, καθώς εμπλέκεται στη ρύθμιση της έκφρασης πολλών σχετικών με τον καρκίνο γονίδιων. Κλινικές μελέτες δείχνουν ότι τα αυξημένα επίπεδα της HuR και το πρότυπο της κυτταροπλασματικής έκφρασης της HuR συσχετίζονται με κακοήθη φαινότυπο. Επιπλέον, τα μέχρι τώρα δεδομένα υποδηλώνουν, ότι η HuR είναι ένας πιθανός θεραπευτικός στόχος σε διάφορα είδη καρκίνου. Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τα παραπάνω, αυτή η ερευνητική εργασία ήθελε να εκτιμήσει την έκφραση της HuR σε διάφορους ανθρώπινους κακοήθεις όγκους του πεπτικού συστήματος, για να διερευνήσει την κλινική σημασία της. Το κλινικό υλικό περιέλαβε 42 κακοήθη νεοπλάσματα στόμαχου, 69 παχέος έντερου, 25 ήπατος και 20 παγκρέατος. Ακολούθησε η ανίχνευση της HuR ανοσοϊστοχημικά και αναζητήθηκαν συσχετίσεις με κλινικοεργαστηριακές παραμέτρους των ασθενών. Πραγματοποιήθηκε ανοσοϊστοχημεία με τη χρήση των αντισωμάτων H-280 και H-62. Η στατιστική ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων περιέλαβε το ποσοστό κυτταροπλασματικής HuR και την ένταση ανίχνευσης χρώσης αυτής. Οι συσχετίσεις με τις κλινικοπαθολογικές παραμέτρους ερμηνεύθηκαν με βάση το Η score και τη δοκιμασία Pearson’ s chi-squared. Η παρούσα εργασία έδειξε μία στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση της κυτταροπλασματικής παρουσίας της HuR με τον αυξανόμενο ιστολογικό βαθμό κακοήθειας και με τη διήθηση των επιχώριων λεμφαδένων στο γαστρικό καρκίνο, με την παρουσία μεταστάσεων, με το προχωρημένο στάδιο, με το Τ της σταδιοποίησης κατά ΤΝΜ και με τη διήθηση των επιχώριων λεμφαδένων στον ορθοκολικό καρκίνο και με τη νεότερη ηλικία στον ηπατικό καρκίνο. Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα της εργασίας αυτής δε δύναται να καταδειχθεί συσχέτιση της κυτταροπλασματικής παρουσίας της HuR στον παγκρεατικό καρκίνο με τις κλινικοεργαστηριακές παραμέτρους που μελετήθηκαν. Απαιτούνται περαιτέρω μελέτες για την ακριβή αξιολόγηση της σημασίας της HuR στα κακοήθη νεοπλάσματα.
The Consequences of Revealing First-Generational Status
Authors: Belmi Peter , Raz Kelly , Neale Margaret , Thomas-Hunt Melissa
Published: July 2023

College is regarded as the great equalizer. People with four-year degrees expect to reap the rewards of their education. This paper examines the pivotal transition from college to the labor market. How do candidates fare when they reveal to prospective employers that they are “first-gen”? Based on the literature, one may advance two competing predictions. One perspective predicts the possibility of a first-gen advantage. This view predicts that revealing one’s first-gen status can help applicants, by making them seem motivated, committed, responsible, and hardworking. It also makes for a compelling narrative; many Americans love stories of “bootstrapped” success. In contrast, a competing perspective predicts the possibility of a first-generation disadvantage. According to this view, there are forces that block decision makers from recognizing the strengths of first-gen students. We tested these two perspectives with an audit study (n = 1,783) and four follow-up studies (n = 4,920). The results supported the first-gen disadvantage hypothesis. Even in the mainstream labor market, first-gen students were evaluated less favorably. We traced this bias to the impact of one possible mechanism: deficit thinking. Despite overcoming hardships, first-gen students were often viewed through the lens of deficits. As a consequence, they were often denied opportunities to gain entry into organizations. Importantly, we found that a mindset shift can help ameliorate the problem. When we nudged decision makers to adopt a strengths-based lens, they became more receptive to hiring first-gen applicants. This work extends knowledge on the mechanisms that drive social class gaps in hiring. It also invites a reassessment of how to study social class in organizations. Deficit models dominate the study of social class. However, as we demonstrated, focusing on deficits can exacerbate inequality. It is important to consider people’s experiences and humanity holistically.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1682 .
Polyhydroxyalkanoate production in Pseudomonas putida from alkanoic acids of varying lengths
Authors: Sikkema W. Dirk , Cal Andrew J. , Hathwaik Upul I. , Orts William J. , Lee Charles C.
Published: July 2023

Many studies have been conducted to produce microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), a biopolymer, from Pseudomonas sp. fed with various alkanoic acids. Because this previous data was collected using methodologies that varied in critical aspects, such as culture media and size range of alkanoic acids, it has been difficult to compare the results for a thorough understanding of the relationship between feedstock and PHA production. Therefore, this study utilized consistent culture media with a wide range of alkanoic acids (C7-C14) to produce medium chain length PHAs. Three strains of Pseudomonas putida (NRRL B-14875, KT2440, and GN112) were used, and growth, cell dry weight, PHA titer, monomer distribution, and molecular weights were all examined. It was determined that although all the strains produced similar PHA titers using C7-C9 alkanoic acids, significant differences were observed with the use of longer chain feedstocks. Specifically, KT2440 and its derivative GN112 produced higher PHA titers compared to B-14875 when fed longer chain alkanoates. We also compared several analytical techniques for determining amounts of PHA and found they produced different results. In addition, the use of an internal standard had a higher risk of calculating inaccurate concentrations compared to an external standard. These observations highlight the importance of considering this aspect of analysis when evaluating different studies.
Empfehlungen für den Einsatz entwicklungsorientierter Instrumente zur Liegenschaftspolitik der Länder Brandenburg und Berlin
Authors: Braune Tassilo , Heide Hans-Jürgen , Pohle Hans , Schramm Werner
Published: July 2023

Mit der Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands und der Entscheidung für die Bundeshauptstadt Berlin sind für diese Stadt, ihr wiedergewonnenes regionales Umfeld und das Land Brandenburg vorausschauend strategische Entwicklungskonzepte zu entwickeln. Dazu gehört zwingend eine operativ schlagkräftig ausgestattete, öffentliche Liegenschaftsorganisation. Daher wird empfohlen, daß der für öffentliche Zwecke nicht direkt genutzte fiskalische Grundbesitz des Bundes, der Länder und der Kommunen in beiden Ländern in rechtsfähige Sondervermögen eingebracht wird. Diese sollten in einer Art Holding Brandenburgisch-Berliner Landvermögen (Landerschließungsfond Brandenburg-Berlin, Stiftung Landespflege) zusammengefaßt werden, um ein koordiniertes Handeln sicherzustellen. Sie handeln unabhängig von den öffentlichen Haushalten nach marktwirtschaftlichen Grundsätzen und sind vermögenserhaltend zu führen.
Europäischer Finanzausgleich zwischen EU-Mitgliedstaaten
Authors: Grüske Karl-Dieter , Walthes Frank
Published: July 2023

Die künftige Ausgestaltung der Europäischen Union beinhaltet auch die mögliche Implementierung eines expliziten, nach rationalen Kriterien konzipierten Finanzausgleichs zwischen den gebietskörperschaftlichen Ebenen des Integrationsraumes. Im Rahmen des Aufsatzes werden die relevanten Parameter eines solchen europäischen Finanzausgleichs modellanalytisch abgeleitet und die monetären Dimensionen anhand von Rechenbeispielen belegt. Nachdem Zahl und Größe der fiskalischen Einheiten der EU exogen gegeben sind, verkörpern die Parameter Finanzkraft, Finanzbedarf und Ausgleichsintensität sowie die horizontalen und vertikalen Ausgleichsgrade die entscheidenden Determinanten eines europäischen Ausgleichssystems. Um mit einem Finanzausgleich im engsten Sinn die finanzschwachen EU-Länder auf ein durchschnittliches Niveau an Finanzkraft zu heben, wären beispielsweise für das Jahr 1991 etwa 435 Mrd. DM an (Finanz‑)Ausgleichsmasse erforderlich gewesen, also ein deutlich höherer Betrag als die rund 100 Mrd. DM, die durch das EU-Budget zur Verfügung standen. Im einzelnen simulieren drei Varianten vertikale und horizontale Komponenten bei hoher und niedriger Ausgleichsintensität im Vergleich zu einer Variante mit den tatsächlich geleisteten Transferzahlungen der EU an die Mitgliedstaaten.
Kekuatan Eksitensi Bisnis Waralaba Sebagai Perjanjian Innominaat Di Indonesia
Authors: Nicholas Ferdinand , Urbanisasi Urbanisasi
Published: July 2023

The Indonesian state system is a prosperous country where a safe, comfortable and peaceful society is the benchmark. Welfare development is supported by economic development in the business sector, one of which is the franchise business. Franchise is a business venture that provides benefits for the parties involved in the agreement. Franchise agreements are regulated in general in the Civil Code, Government Regulations and Minister of Commerce Regulations governing franchising. Franchise agreements are like agreements in general that are regulated in the Civil Code and are bound by the principles of the agreement. However, in reality there is often an imbalance or deviation from the principles committed by one of the parties. Therefore it is needed, a law that specifically regulates the existence of a franchise agreement. Legislation is made by the House of Representatives which must be drafted and ratified as soon as possible so as to create legal certainty and protection for the parties.
The relationship between teachers' sense of efficacy and organizational commitment at Colleges in Pakistan
Authors:   University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan, Shafiq Muhammad
Published: July 2023

This study explores the relationship between teachers’ sense of efficacy and their organizational commitment at colleges in Pakistan. It was conducted on a sample comprising 494 public-sector Pakistani college teachers. Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001) developed the teachers’ sense of efficacy scale, and John P. Meyer and Natalie J. Allen's developed organizational commitment scale (1991) was applied to collect the data. Hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment formula. The effects of the factors of the teachers’ sense of efficacy on organizational commitment were determined using the Regression Analysis. It was determined that a higher degree of teachers’ sense of efficacy enhances organizational commitment, as highlighted by a significant positive correlation between the teachers’ sense of efficacy and organizational commitment. There was a significant positive correlation between three factors of the teachers’ sense of efficacy scale and three components of organizational commitment of college teachers. It was also established that the teachers’ sense of efficacy can predict organizational commitment. The study shows that teachers’ sense of efficacy must be considered when selecting and training prospective teachers. To become efficient and effective, teaching organizations must pay considerable attention to monitoring and boosting the positive Sense of self-efficacy among their teaching staff.
Violência conjugal contra a mulher: impactos na produtividade laboral
Authors: Ferreira Marlene , Bracons Hélia
Published: July 2023

A investigação desenvolvida teve como objetivo conhecer os impactos causados pela violência conjugal na produtividade laboral das mulheres, através da experiência dos técnicos superiores de apoio a vítimas de violência doméstica. Recorremos à entrevista semiestruturada junto dos profissionais para a recolha de informação sobre a temática do estudo. Quanto a problemática da violência e empregabilidade, apurou-se que um dos impactos causados pela violência doméstica é, por vezes a dificuldade que a vítima passa a ter para manter o emprego, outras vítimas acabam por ficar desempregadas temporariamente, dependentes dos apoios sociais e com maior vulnerabilidade financeira. Conclui-se que relativamente ao emprego, as agressões infligidas nas vítimas de violência doméstica de forma reiterada produzem impactos na sua capacidade e produtividade laboral. No processo de autonomização, apurou-se que as vítimas acolhidas na casa de abrigo eram de nacionalidade estrangeira e estavam todas desempregadas. Um dos passos que é fundamental para o projeto de autonomia das vítimas é a integração no mercado de trabalho, a vasta experiência dos técnicos na problemática da violência conjugal e o conhecimento da situação da vítima por parte de todos os intervenientes apresenta-se como uma boa resolução para o problema. No apoio Jurídico prestado à vítima, apurou-se que o apoio jurídico é fundamental para a vítima, para além do apoio e acompanhamento jurídico que a vítima tem ao longo do processo de autonomização, desenvolve-se também junto da vítima, um trabalho de empoderamento de forma a manter a vítima bem informada dos seus direitos enquanto cidadã e futura trabalhadora. Relativamente às medidas de combate ao flagelo do crime de violência doméstica, apurou-se que seria uma mais-valia se as escolas criassem um programa de educação para a saúde, com incidência na abordagem da violência doméstica e fosse trabalhado com as crianças, as questões de género para o desenvolvimento da cidadania ativa, com o objetivo de alterar este costume da violência contra a mulher, no qual é considerado crime e atentado contra os direitos humanos.
Badania nad prasą dla kobiet z okresu Polski Ludowej. Stan obecny i perspektywy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Jędrzejski Łukasz
Published: July 2023

Celem szkicu jest przedstawienie stanu badań nad prasą dla kobiet z okresu Polski Ludowej, a od 22 lipca 1952 r. Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej. Należało zastanowić się nad kształtującą się tradycją badawczą prasy dla kobiet z okresu PRL, stanem badań i perspektywami badawczymi. W procedurze badawczej należało zastanowić się nad następującymi kwestiami: 1) Jak współcześnie kształtują się badania nad prasą dla kobiet z okresu Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej? 2) Jakie są perspektywy badawcze w rozwoju badań prasą dla kobiet? 3) W których ośrodkach naukowych w Polsce prowadzone są badania nad prasą dla kobiet?
Historyk sztuki, filozof, pedagog – prof. dr hab. Halina Taborska (1933–2021)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Chwastyk-Kowalczyk Jolanta
Published: July 2023

Autorka prezentuje sylwetkę uczonej, historyka sztuki, filozofa, pedagoga, prof. dr hab. Halinę Taborską (1933–2021). Uczona jest cenionym na świecie pionierem wśród badaczy współczesnej sztuki publicznej. Doktorat napisała pod kierunkiem prof. Władysława Tatarkiewicza i obroniła go w 1963 r. W tym samym roku uzyskała dyplom angielski: Diploma in English Literature and Social Studies, University of Cambridge. Była wieloletnim profesorem PUNO, a w latach 2002–2007 pełniła funkcję kierownika Zakładu Współczesnej Kultury Brytyjskiej Polskiego Uniwersytetu na Obczyźnie (PUNO) w Londynie. Od 2007 r. była dyrektorem Instytutu Kultury Europejskiej PUNO, w latach 2008–2011 pełniła funkcję prorektor PUNO, a od lipca 2011 r. do 2017 r. pełniła funkcję rektora PUNO. W 1959 r. wyjechała na stałe do Wielkiej Brytanii, gdzie nawiązała kontakt z estetykami brytyjskimi. W roku 1960 współzakładała stowarzyszenie The British Society of Aesthetics, które edytowało własny periodyk „The British Journal of Aesthetics”. Brała udział w seminariach, konferencjach, kongresach, współpracowała z naukowymi pismami anglosaskimi oraz z polskimi: „Studiami Estetycznymi”, „Przeglądem Humanistycznym”. Na przełomie lat 60. i 70. XX w. wspomagała prace nad wydaniem w języku angielskim trzech tomów Historii estetyki prof. Władysława Tatarkiewicza (wydane w latach 1970–1974; współwydawcami byli PWN i międzynarodowy edytor Mouton).
Przegląd stanu badań nad historią kobiet polskich (1945–1989)
Authors:   Instytut Studiów Kobiecych w Białymstoku, Granatowska Justyna
Published: July 2023

W opracowaniu traktującym o problematyce kobiecej z okresu obejmującego lata 1945–1989 przytoczono publikacje tyczące się sfery prawa, ekonomii, socjologii, a także pozycje zbiorowe będące wynikiem przeprowadzanych sympozjów oraz konferencji naukowych organizowanych przez instytucje, w których zainteresowaniach znajdują się badania nad historią kobiet. Wskazane zostały zarówno publikacje powstałe w okresie PRL-u, jak i te wydane po 1989 r. Szczególnie uwzględniono opracowania wydawane w ramach inicjatyw realizowanych w związku z działalnością Zespołu Badawczego Historii Społecznej XIX i XX w. działającego przy Instytucie Historycznym Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego pod kierownictwem prof. Anny Żarnowskiej oraz białostockiego Ośrodka Badań nad Historią Kobiet, którego założycielką i kierownikiem jest prof. Małgorzata Dajnowicz.
Рецепцiя Варшави князем Василем-Костянтином Острозьким у романi Шестиднев, або Корона дому Острозьких Петра Кралюка
Authors:   Одеський нацiональний унiверситет iменi I. I. Мечникова, Фiлологiчний факультет, Кафедра загального та слов’янського лiтературознавства, Чмир Андрiй
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the topos ofWarsaw in the historical novel Six Days, or the Crown of the Ostrozky House by modern Ukrainian writer Petro Kralyuk. The capital of Poland is depicted from the point of view of the main character of the work – Prince Vasyl-Konstantin Ostrozky. It is established that from the 16th century Warsaw was one of the key cities of the newly created state – the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Ostrozky was forced to visit it quite often. It was found that the above-mentioned city was perceived negatively for Vasyl-Konstantin. This fact is explained by the numerous personal and national losses that, in one way or another, affected Warsaw. The author’s means of tracing the image of the Polish capital (the status of the city, natural resources, colors, landscape, its connection with historical events and figures) are traced. It is emphasized that one of the sections of P. Kralyuk’s work has an eloquent title Black color. Warsaw. Due to paratextuality, the opposition of this part of the Six Days to other chapters of the novel (Color of Gray. Kyiv, Color of Yellow. Derman) is emphasized.