bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VIEWS OF A.V. CHAYANOV AND N.D. KONDRATIEV ON THE AGRARIAN ISSUE IN 1917 AND THEIR RELEVANCE IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors:   Nikonov All-Russian Institute of Agrarian Problems and Informatics, PETRIKOV ALEXANDER V. , VOSHCHIKOVA NATALIA K. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: June 2023

The article presents a comparative analysis of the approaches of A.V. Chayanov and N.D. Kondratiev to the implementation of land and agrarian reform, which was being prepared in Russia after the February Revolution of 1917. The views of economists on the purpose and objectives of the reform, methods of its implementation and socio-economic consequences are considered. Special attention is paid to the methodological principles of reforming agrarian relations, the correlation of land and agrarian reform, the role of peasant labor economy as the main beneficiaries of transformations, as well as methods of socialization of land and the principles of its transfer into the hands of the peasantry. The importance of the scientific heritage of A.V. Chayanov and N.D. Kondratiev for modern agrarian policy is shown.
FERHULST EQUATION AS A DEMOGRAPHIC FORECASTING TOOL
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, KOSTYRIN EVGENY V. , DRYNKIN STEPAN G. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: June 2023

In the scientific study, prognostic models of the population of Russia, China and Guinea were developed using the Ferhulst equation. Verification of the developed models based on an estimate of the average error of approximation of data for the countries under consideration over the past 20 years has been carried out. The results obtained were compared with the forecasts of the United Nations and conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness and applicability of the Ferhulst equation as a demographic forecasting tool.
THE DYNAMICS OF FDI: ANALYSES AND FORECASTING
Authors:   Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences, TATUZOV VIKTOR Y.
Published: June 2023

The author has many years of experience in the Russian banking sphere, which is useful. So he comes to a conclusion that the actual slowdown of imported foreign direct investment (FDI) flows can be explained within the framework of the cyclical nature of economic development. That is why the article examines the hypothesis of the cyclical nature of economic development applied to analyses and forecasting of modern foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. The author uses statistics published by OECD, UNCTAD and IMF.
Active Stars in the Spectroscopic Survey of Mid-to-late M Dwarfs within 15 pc
Authors: Pass Emily K. , Winters Jennifer G. , Charbonneau David , Irwin Jonathan M. , Medina Amber A.
Published: June 2023

We present results from the volume-complete spectroscopic survey of 0.1–0.3 M
⊙ M dwarfs within 15 pc. This work discusses the active sample without close binary companions, providing a comprehensive picture of these 123 stars with Hα emission stronger than −1 Å. Our analysis includes rotation periods (including 31 new measurements), Hα equivalent widths, rotational broadening, inclinations, and radial velocities, determined using high-resolution, multiepoch spectroscopic data from the TRES and CHIRON spectrographs supplemented by photometry from TESS and MEarth. Using this volume-complete sample, we establish that the majority of active, low-mass M dwarfs are very rapid rotators: specifically, 74% ± 4% have rotation periods shorter than 2 days, while 19% ± 4% have intermediate rotation periods of 2–20 days, and the remaining 8% ± 3% have periods longer than 20 days. Among the latter group, we identify a population of stars with very high Hα emission, which we suggest is indicative of dramatic spindown as these stars transition from the rapidly rotating mode to the slowly rotating one. We are unable to determine rotation periods for six stars and suggest that some of the stars without measured rotation periods may be viewed pole-on, as such stars are absent from the distribution of inclinations we measure; this lack notwithstanding, we recover the expected isotropic distribution of spin axes. Our spectroscopic and photometric data sets also allow us to investigate activity-induced radial-velocity variability, which we show can be estimated as the product of rotational broadening and the photometric amplitude of spot modulation.
Detecting Exoplanets Closer to Stars with Moderate Spectral Resolution Integral-field Spectroscopy
Authors: Agrawal Shubh , Ruffio Jean-Baptiste , Konopacky Quinn M. , Macintosh Bruce , Mawet Dimitri , Nielsen Eric L. , Hoch Kielan K. W. , Liu Michael C. , Barman Travis S. , Thompson William , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Marois Christian , Patience Jenny
Published: June 2023

While radial velocity surveys have demonstrated that the population of gas giants peaks around 3 au, the most recent high-contrast imaging surveys have only been sensitive to planets beyond ∼10 au. Sensitivity at small angular separations from stars is currently limited by the variability of the point-spread function. We demonstrate how moderate-resolution integral-field spectrographs can detect planets at smaller separations (≲ 0.3“) by detecting the distinct spectral signature of planets compared to the host star. Using OSIRIS (R ≈ 4000) at the W.M. Keck Observatory, we present the results of a planet search via this methodology around 20 young targets in the Ophiuchus and Taurus star-forming regions. We show that OSIRIS can outperform high-contrast coronagraphic instruments equipped with extreme adaptive optics and non-redundant masking in the 0.05“–0.3“ regime. As a proof of concept, we present the 34σ detection of a high-contrast M dwarf companion at ≈0.1“ with flux ratio of ≈ 0.92% around the field F2 star HD 148352. We developed an open-source Python package, breads, for the analysis of moderate-resolution integral-field spectroscopy data in which the planet and the host star signal are jointly modeled. The diffracted starlight continuum is forward-modeled using a spline model, which removes the need for prior high-pass filtering or continuum normalization. The code allows for analytic marginalization of linear hyperparameters, which simplifies the posterior sampling of other parameters (e.g., radial velocity, effective temperature). This technique could prove very powerful when applied to integral-field spectrographs such as NIRSpec on the JWST and other upcoming first-light instruments on the future Extremely Large Telescopes.
X-Ray Flares in the Long-term Light Curve of Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus M81*
Authors: Tomar Gunjan , Gupta Nayantara
Published: June 2023

Most active galactic nuclei at the center of the nearby galaxies have supermassive black holes accreting at sub-Eddington rates through hot accretion flows or radiatively inefficient accretion flows, which efficiently produce jets. The association of radio and X-ray flares with the knot ejection from M81* inspires us to model its multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) during these flares to constrain the physical parameters of the jet. Moreover, we construct a long-term light curve in X-rays to identify the flares in the available data and constrain the jet parameters during those periods. The jet activity may vary on short as well as long timescales, which may produce flares in different frequency bands. The SEDs from radio to X-ray during the quiescent as well as flaring states are found to be satisfactorily explained by synchrotron emission of relativistic electrons from a single zone. The variation in the values of the jet parameters during the different states is shown and compared with high-synchrotron peaked blazars.
Electrostatic Solitary Waves in the Venusian Ionosphere Pervaded by the Solar Wind: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Rubia R. , Singh S. V. , Lakhina G. S. , Devanandhan S. , Dhanya M. B. , Kamalam T.
Published: June 2023

Electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) in the Venusian ionosphere that are impinged by the solar wind are investigated using a homogeneous, collisionless, and magnetized multicomponent plasma consisting of Venusian H+ and O+ ions, Maxwellian Venusian electrons and streaming solar wind protons, and suprathermal electrons following κ − distribution. The model supports the propagation of positive potential slow O+ and H+ ion-acoustic solitons. The evolution and properties of the solitons occurring in two sectors, viz., dawn-dusk and noon-midnight sector of the Venus ionosphere at an altitude of (200–2000) km, are studied. The theoretical model predicts positive potential solitons with amplitude ∼(0.067–56) mV, width ∼(1.7–53.21) m, and velocity ∼(1.48–8.33) km s−1. The bipolar soliton electric field has amplitude ∼(0.03–27.67) mV m−1 with time duration ∼(0.34–22) ms. These bipolar electric field pulses when Fourier transformed to the frequency domain occur as a broadband electrostatic noise, with frequency varying in the range of ∼9.78 Hz–8.77 kHz. Our results can explain the observed electrostatic waves in the frequency range of 100 Hz–5.4 kHz in the Venus ionosphere by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter mission. The model can also be relevant in explaining the recent observation of ESWs in the Venus magnetosheath by the Solar Orbiter during its first gravity assist maneuver of Venus.
Relapse Risk and Safety of Long-Term Tocilizumab Use Among Patients With Giant Cell Arteritis: A Single-Enterprise Cohort Study
Authors: Samec Matthew J. , Rakholiya Jigisha , Langenfeld Hannah , Crowson Cynthia S. , Abril Andy , Wang Benjamin , Mertz Lester , Rodriguez-Pla Alicia , Bansal Pankaj , Burke Michelle , Jaquith Jane , Weyand Cornelia , Warrington Kenneth J. , Koster Matthew J.
Published: June 2023

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) in giant cell arteritis (GCA) in a large North American cohort.

Methods

Patients with GCA treated with TCZ between January 1, 2010, and May 15, 2020, were retrospectively identified. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate time to TCZ discontinuation and time to first relapse after TCZ discontinuation. Poisson regression models were used to compare annualized relapse rates before, during, and after TCZ use. Age- and sex-adjusted risk factors associated with relapse on and off TCZ and development of adverse events of significant interest (AESIs) were examined using Cox models.

Results

One hundred fourteen patients (60.5% female) were included with mean (SD) age 70.4 (8.2) years. Median duration from GCA diagnosis to TCZ start was 4.5 months. Median overall duration of TCZ treatment was 2.3 years. Relapse rate prior to TCZ start (0.84 relapses/person-year) was 3-fold reduced while on TCZ (0.28 relapses/person-year;P< 0.001) but increased to 0.64 relapses/person-year after TCZ discontinuation. Fifty-two patients stopped TCZ after a median of 16.8 months; 27 relapsed after discontinuation (median: 8.4 months; 58% relapsed within 12 months). Only 14.9% of patients stopped TCZ because of AESIs. Neither dose/route of TCZ, presence of large-vessel vasculitis, nor duration of TCZ therapy prior to discontinuation predicted relapse after TCZ stop.

Conclusion

TCZ is well tolerated in GCA, with low rates of discontinuation for AESIs. However, relapse occurred in > 50% despite median treatment > 12 months. Since the duration of TCZ prior to discontinuation did not significantly affect subsequent risk of GCA recurrence, further research is needed to determine the optimal duration of therapy.
La Russie de Poutine : une raison d’État sans État
Authors: Tenzer Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Les premiers Irlandais aimaient les jeux de société. Cela ressort clairement du matériel de jeu découvert et des nombreuses références aux jeux de société dans la littérature vernaculaire. Bien qu’une grande partie de la littérature séculaire présente des récits se déroulant dans un passé imaginaire, les textes peuvent néanmoins être étudiés pour donner un aperçu des attitudes à l’égard du jeu, tant pour les hommes que pour les femmes. Avant les échecs, le jeu le plus important était le fidchell local, un jeu de stratégie pure dérivé du ludus latrunculorum romain. Une sélection de références au fidchell dans la prose et la poésie, principalement de l’ancien et du moyen irlandais ( vii e - xiii e s.), permet d’explorer le rôle des femmes en tant que joueuses entre elles et contre les hommes, en se concentrant sur les thèmes suivants : le statut, le contexte social et physique des jeux, la matérialité des équipements de jeu des femmes, la relation entre jeux et alcool, le jeu, l’érotisme et son absence, et les attitudes envers les compétences intellectuelles féminines.
Les médiatisations de l’« affaire de la Ligue du LOL ».
Authors: Raymond Lucie , Verquere Laura
Published: June 2023

Cette contribution revient sur l’affaire médiatique de la « Ligue du LOL » qui, en février 2019, a révélé des actes de (cyber)harcèlement, commis par des journalistes et des communicants, principalement à l’encontre de jeunes femmes féministes appartenant au même milieu professionnel. Dans le cadre de ce dossier, nous proposons de prendre de la hauteur par rapport à la controverse médiatique qui a mis en opposition deux types de discours sur le modèle binaire de l’accusation, d’une part, et de la réparation d’image, d’autre part. Nous interrogeons ainsi la manière dont la médiatisation de l’affaire produit des savoirs sur le cyberharcèlement tout en reconduisant des formes d’ignorance en lien avec le maintien de rapports de domination structurels.
L’environnement, les maladies et le système de santé
Authors: Slama Rémy
Published: June 2023

La reconnaissance de l’environnement et des comportements comme causes des maladies imposent d’investir dans la prévention sanitaire, notamment en prenant appui sur la lutte contre le changement climatique.
Éco-santé
Authors: Marrauld Laurie , Yven Raphaël
Published: June 2023

Face à la catastrophe écologique, le système de santé français doit se reconnecter à son environnement. Pour cela, il faut faire émerger une nouvelle éthique de la santé publique qui intègre la soutenabilité et s’appuie sur la démocratie sanitaire.
La renaissance du moralisme américain
Authors: Chelini-Pont Blandine
Published: June 2023

La rhétorique morale des principes internationaux et des droits de l’homme, chères aux présidents Wilson et Roosevelt, est essentielle à l’ordre d’après-guerre dont nous avons hérité. La mobilisation pour l’Ukraine est-elle en train de la réhabiliter ?
Histoire d’une dégradation progressive des compétences de maintenance d’une entreprise à risques (1980-2020)
Authors: Masson Léna , Dietrich Anne
Published: June 2023

Dans l’industrie, les activités de maintenance, considérées comme non stratégiques, sont largement sous-traitées. Alors que ces activités sont essentielles au maintien de la fiabilité d’organisations à risques, leur sous-traitance est fréquemment incriminée lors de catastrophes industrielles. Elle produit à court terme des gains financiers mais donne également lieu à des effets non désirables, en matière de compétences notamment. Une étude de cas approfondie, longitudinale et multi-niveaux au sein de la branche d’activité à risques d’une grande entreprise publique nous permet de retracer le processus de dégradation des compétences, d’en identifier les facteurs et de nourrir l’analyse des relations entre modalités de contrôle inter-organisationnel et compétences nécessaires aux activités sous-traitées.
Development and Validation of an Outpatient Clinical Predictive Score for the Diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy/Becker Muscular Dystrophy in Children Aged 2–18 Years
Authors: Sharawat Indar Kumar , Ramachandran Aparna , Panda Prateek Kumar , Elwadhi Aman , Tomar Apurva
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

There is no bedside clinical examination-based prediction score for Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in children with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) presenting with proximal limb-girdle weakness.

Methods:

We compared the details of 200 cases of lower motor neuron type of weakness and had some proximal limb-girdle muscle weakness and divided them into 2 groups: with/without a confirmed diagnosis of DMD/BMD. We determined the predictive factors associated with a diagnosis of DMD/BMD using multivariate binary logistic regression. We assessed our proposed prognostic model using both discrimination and calibration and subsequently used the bootstrap method to successfully validate the model internally.

Results:

A total of 121 patients had DMD/BMD and the rest of the patients had other diagnoses. Male gender, presence of Gower’s sign, valley sign, toe walking, calf pseudohypertrophy, and tongue hypertrophy were independent predictors for a confirmed diagnosis of DMD/BMD and included in the final CVT2MG score (Calf pseudohypertrophy, Valley sign, Toe walking, Tongue hypertrophy, Male gender, and Gower’s sign). The final model showed good discrimination (AUC = 87.4% [95% CI: 80.5–92.3%, P < 0.001]) and calibration (P = 0.57). A score of 6 or above appeared to be the best cutoff for discriminating between the DMD/BMD group and the rest of the group with both sensitivity and specificity of 98%. The interrater reliability was almost perfect between two pediatric neurologists and strong between a pediatric neurologist and a pediatric neurology trainee resident (k = 0.91 and 0.87).

Conclusion:

The CVT2MG score has good sensitivity and specificity in predicting a confirmed diagnosis of DMD/BMD in subsequent tests.
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
Authors: Sampson Shannon Oldham , Xia Yuyan , Parsons Joshua McConnell , Cardarelli Roberto
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

In program evaluation, time, and energy of program leaders and participants are often at a premium, and survey fatigue is a methodological challenge. Finding ways to reduce survey fatigue and burden on participants while also working to include multiple sources of evidence to answer evaluation questions is a key task of evaluators.

Materials and Methods:

Rasch modeling was used to build scales from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestone data.

Results:

Existing data for related constructs were repurposed to address evaluation questions with minimal threat to construct validity.

Discussion:

This work illustrates a novel way to reuse and recycle existing data to build scales by using a psychometrically-sound survey development and measurement approach.

Conclusion:

This work illustrates an innovative methodology to combat participant survey fatigue and include multiple sources of evidence to answer evaluation questions.
Knowledge and Expressed Practices Regarding Needle Stick Injury among Housekeeping Staff
Authors: Pandey Vandna , Kurien Nancy , Kumari Sandhya , Meena Sangeeta , Borana Santosh , Saroj  , Seema  , Shivani
Published: June 2023

Background:

Needle stick injury (NSI) is an accidental skin penetrating wound from a hollow bore needle. It is one of the most common occupational hazards for health care workers.

Aims:

The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and expressed practices regarding needle stick injuries among housekeeping staff.

Setting and Design:

The research design was a descriptive survey, and research was conducted on housekeeping staff employed at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods:

225 housekeeping staff were selected using non-probability convenience sampling. A self-structured questionnaire and checklist were used to assess their knowledge and practices regarding needle stick injuries. SPSS was used for the analysis of data through descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

In the present study, out of 225 subjects, 11.11% of respondents had poor, 37.33% had average, 36.88% had good, and 14.66% had excellent knowledge regarding NSI. Knowledge was significantly associated with education and year of working experience. In total, 4% of the respondents had poor, 34.66% had average, 35.11% had good, and 26.22% had excellent expressed practices regarding NSI. Expressed practices were significantly associated with education and prior exposure to NSI. A moderate positive correlation was present between knowledge and expressed practices.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that knowledge and practices about needle stick injury were average among housekeeping staff. The areas of concern identified were: risks associated with NSIs, no use of personal protective equipment (rubber gloves), and recapping of needles. These gaps in knowledge and expressed practices can be addressed by educating them.
A Juvenile Female with Ductal Carcinoma In situ Arising from a Fibroadenoma
Authors: Hung Wan-Yu , Lee Chih-Ling , Lin Chin-Yao
Published: June 2023

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and atypical ductal hyperplasia are rare in teenagers. We report an incidental finding of DCIS in a 17-year-old girl who presented with a mass in the right breast. The pathology confirmed lower-grade DCIS in a fibroadenoma. She subsequently underwent right-breast conservative surgery (BCS) without radiotherapy or adjuvant hormone therapy. Six months of clinical surveillance was recommended, and she remained disease-free 25 months after BCS. Hormone therapy and radiotherapy are still controversial in juvenile patients with DCIS, and long-term surveillance and evaluation are still indispensable.
Pseudotumor deltoideus: An unusual and rare case treated in rural coal mine hospital
Authors: Das Debanjan , Aloke  , Maitra Sarmistha Das
Published: June 2023

Pseudotumor deltoideus is a relatively recently coined term to describe the condition of the spectrum of eccentric bone irregularities around the deltoid tubercle region of the humerus. Usually, these patients complain of varying degrees of pain, swelling, and discomfort in and around the deltoid tuberosity region of the humerus. The radiological findings of these patients are characterized by relative cortical lucency in and around the deltoid tuberosity of humerus, cortical irregularity, and adjacent eccentric marrow abnormality in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans. Most probably, these are previously less-reported anatomical variations of the deltoid tuberosity region of the humerus. Advanced imaging studies and extended follow-up suggest that this clinical entity has got an indolent process, which can be managed conservatively. The purpose of this presentation is to highlight this lesser known and reported cause of shoulder and arm pain and to make this cause be considered while formulating a management protocol.
Dynamic distraction in a coronal split intra-articular fracture of middle phalangeal base: A case report
Authors: Roy Arya , Dutta Sumon , Kar Gaur Gautam
Published: June 2023

Proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) is a special joint, which has maximum motion among the joints of the hand. Needless to say, that injury of this particular joint may lead to fracture dislocation and dreaded complications with a disability, if not treated adequately and timely. We report a case of coronal split intra-articular fracture of middle phalangeal base managed by dynamic distraction. The aim of this report was to emphasize that in a central PIPJ dislocation dynamic distraction is a viable and safe option.
Telemedicine - Application in Cardiology
Authors: Raju Krishnam P. , Sistla Prasad G.
Published: June 2023

Background:

As countries around the globe enforce social distancing and self-isolation to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine is emerging as a critical tool to connect physicians and other healthcare professionals with patients dealing with chronic cardiovascular conditions. Technology assisted healthcare delivery is virtually imperative especially in India with a large part belonging to rural and remote regions. The Information and Communication technology (ICT) which is the fundamental part of this technology is the ability to locally connect to a global network. The current pandemic caused by corona has highlighted the importance of this technology even more with patients showing apprehension to go to hospitals for routine check-ups. The emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) has further ensured that a continuum in care can be maintained, with patients having the opportunity to have wearable devices at their homes and using the Telemedicine platform for transmission of medical data from these devices for consultations.

Methods:

Literary search on the various applications of Telemedicine in healthcare with specific reference to Cardiology.

Results:

This article highlights our experience in the utilization of this technology for various cardiac conditions, comprehending the challenges of this technology at the practical level and the impact of making healthcare deliver accessible and cost-effective.

Conclusions:

Information and communication technology (ICT) and the advent of Internet of Things for Medical Devices (IoT-MD) has empowered telemedicine as a powerful model for healthcare delivery in an effective manner. Immense data generated from these devices have further encouraged development of algorithms based on Artificial Intelligence thereby improving clinical effectiveness and ensuring continuity of care. Though possibilities of improving clinical efficacy and healthcare outcomes through AI are enormous, we need to be aware of the associated risks and challenges and try to minimize those through multidisciplinary research, and renewed legal and ethical policies.
Burnout among health-care workers in an emergency setup
Authors: Kumar Saksham , Yadav Nandita , Bhatti Sachin , Saran Brijesh , Seth Amoolya K.
Published: June 2023

Burnout among health-care workers, which is on the rise, has recently drawn attention as a potential risk to patient safety and the standard of care. Together with strain and stress, inadequate hospital resources and safety measures are the main contributors to burnout. A lower sense of self-worth, cynicism, and a loss of enthusiasm for one's career is characteristics of burnout. During work and on the job, the person is exposed to various stressful conditions. According to the Collins English Dictionary, “to become or cause to grow fatigued by overwork or dissipation” is the definition of burnout. There are many worries regarding burnout and physician suicide. While social cohesiveness, belonging, and a sense of future stability are all felt by workers at work, long hours, pressure, and stress make their suffering worse. An avoidant decision-making style and difficulty recognizing and explaining feelings are both significant indicators of numerous features of burnout (a challenge similar to alexithymia but not as severe). Individual-focused interventions, such as educational interventions and mindfulness-based therapy, may be able to reduce occupational stress and/or burnout for staff members working in emergency departments (ED). Burnout should be prevented if stress is the main factor; hence efforts should be taken to alleviate stress. Spreading knowledge to ED medical staff with professional education and training. Hospitals can guarantee social support for staff members and enhance ED resources to lessen workload stress.
Assessment of color Doppler flow metric indices in first-trimester threatened abortion and to study their outcome at 20 weeks
Authors: Mishra Shubhangi , Gupta Manisha , Agarwal Neelima , Agrawal Alpana , Shukla Ashish Kumar
Published: June 2023

Background:

Threatened abortion is one of the major problems in obstetrics and applies to one-third of all pregnancies.

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of the study was to study the color Doppler flow metric indices of spiral artery blood flow in the first trimester (6–10 weeks) in cases of threatened abortion and normal pregnancies and to study their outcome at 20 weeks.

Patients and Methods:

Spiral artery was sonographically evaluated in 113 patients comprising two groups of 55 cases and 58 controls. The first group comprised patients presenting with threatened miscarriage. The second group included females who had no complications. Spiral artery flow velocity measurements were performed using color Doppler (pulsatility index [PI], resistive index [RI], and systolic/diastolic ratio) in the first trimester (between 6 and 10 weeks of gestation). Patients were followed till 20 weeks and color Doppler was performed. Color Doppler in the first trimester and at 20 weeks was studied and their relation and association with adverse pregnancy outcome at 20 weeks were studied. Significant differences were noted in the spiral artery Doppler values in the two groups in first trimester and at 20 weeks. In particular, the RI and PI were higher in cases of women with threatened miscarriage in first trimester. Statistical significance of RI and PI was seen with adverse pregnancy with Doppler indices at 20 weeks. Doppler values of spiral artery may be used as a useful factor in assessing the prognosis in cases presenting with threatened miscarriage.

Conclusion:

Doppler flowmetry can be used, as a routine screening test to identify the high-risk women in early first trimester to offer effective prophylactic management strategies and for close monitoring and follow-up of these patients so as to have a successful pregnancy.
Against the run of play
Authors: Yaseen Mohd. , Yadav Sakshi , Mansoor Mohd. , Sharma Mohit
Published: June 2023

In India, ethylene glycol poisoning is fairly common. Glycolic acid and oxalic acid, two of its toxic metabolites, are primarily responsible for its adverse effects. A 42-year-old man who had consumed ethylene glycol arrived at our hospital with gastritis and central nervous system involvement. In the case report, oral ethyl alcohol was used to treat ethylene glycol poisoning instead of the recommended intravenous ethyl alcohol and fomepizole, which are only available in a few Indian states. Due to the potential for long-term complications or even death, ethylene glycol poisoning calls for a high level of clinical suspicion, focused investigations, and prompt treatment.
Role of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in spinal cord injury
Authors: Khajuria Atul , Abdurahiman Nadeer , Bhanot Diksha
Published: June 2023

Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a recent technique that can measure the direction and magnitude of diffusion of water. It is widely being utilized to evaluate several brain and spinal cord pathologies. The objective of this review is to evaluate the importance of DTI in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). This review discuss role of DTI in SCI that includes human studies too. This will help to describe the current status of the clinical applications of DTI and show its potential as a helpful instrument in clinical practice. The PubMed database was searched for articles relating to the application of DTI in SCI. Relevant articles were also used for the review. A variety of DTI parameters have been studied in various articles. The standard parameters are fractional anisotropy (FA) values, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, radial diffusivity values, and axial diffusivity values, followed by tractography. FA and ADC values are the most commonly used parameters. The findings observed in most of the studies are increased FA and reduced ADC values following injury to the spinal cord. DTI data metrics possess the potential to become a potent clinical tool in patients with SCI. It is helpful for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning, as well as for evaluating recovery. Nonetheless, to overcome the limitations and determine its liability clinically, more research has to be performed.
Novel Framework for the Robust Optimization of the Heat Flux Distribution for an Electro-Thermal Ice Protection System and Airfoil Performance Analysis
Authors: Gallia Mariachiara , Guardone Alberto , Congedo Pietro Marco
Published: June 2023

We present a framework for the robust optimization of the heat flux distribution for an anti-ice electro-thermal ice protection system (AI-ETIPS) and iced airfoil performance analysis under uncertain conditions. The considered uncertainty regards a lack of knowledge concerning the characteristics of the cloud i.e. the liquid water content and the median volume diameter of water droplets, and the accuracy of measuring devices i.e., the static temperature probe, uncertain parameters are modeled as uniform random variables. A forward uncertainty propagation analysis is carried out using a Monte Carlo approach. The optimization framework relies on a gradient-free algorithm (Mesh Adaptive Direct Search) and three different problem formulations are considered in this work. Two bi-objective deterministic optimizations aim to minimize power consumption and either minimize ice formations or the iced airfoil drag coefficient. A robust optimization formulation was also considered aiming to maximize the statistical frequency of the fully evaporative operating regime for fixed power consumption. The framework is applied to a reference test case, revealing the potential to improve the evaporation efficiency of the baseline design, increasing flight safety even at non-nominal conditions. We also conducted a preliminary examination of the impact of run-back ice formations on airfoil performance during a brief ice encounter in uncertain cloud conditions to understand how the rate of ice accretion relates to an airfoil performance metric, such as the drag coefficient. The analysis found that reducing the rate of ice build-up may not necessarily diminish the detrimental effects on aerodynamic performance, except when the rate is very low. Further studies are ongoing to explore airfoil performance degradation in more detail and to reduce the optimization framework computational cost.
Developing Indicators to Measure the Implementation of the Western Cape Alcohol Harms Reduction Strategy in South Africa
Authors: Parry Charles D. H. , Trangenstein Pamela J. , Erasmus Jodilee , Diedericks Aadielah , Harker Nadine
Published: June 2023

This manuscript describes a process to develop a set of indicators to monitor and evaluate the implementation of the Western Cape Alcohol-Related Harms Reduction (AHR) White Paper in South Africa and provide a final set of indicators. Drawing on the framework in Andréasson et al. (2009), a logic model with categories and types of indicators (i.e. prevention, determinants, consumption, and alcohol-related harms) was used to develop an initial set of 255 indicators. The methodological process followed involved a) scoping of a large electronic database maintained by the South African Medical Research Council, b) a comprehensive literature review and, c) reaching out to18 international key informants. Iterative communications with stakeholders from diverse government entities via email, telephone calls and individual and multi-person face-to-face meetings, together with a consensus process involving the study team was used to refine the indicators. The final set included 176 indicators; 108, (61.4%) of these were “core” indicators, and 68 (38.6%) were “expanded” indicators, meaning they added to the core indicators in given areas which would be useful to have but are of a lower priority or are likely to be less easy to obtain. Of the core indicators, 45 (42.4%) were deemed by policy makers/researchers in the Premier’s office as “high-level indicators,” denoting that they were the most essential. This manuscript demonstrates that it is possible to develop evidence-based, location-specific indicators to evaluate policy implementation.
Familial role and drug users' interaction with rehabilitation centres in Ghana
Authors: Parimah Feikoab , Kwakye-Nuako Charlotte Omane , Ane Maria-Goretti , Pritchard Debrah Timothy , Ashinyo Mary Eyram , Hanu Samuel Cudjoe D.
Published: June 2023

Although a number of studies have been conducted with persons who use drugs (PWUDs) undergoing treatment, not much is known within the African context especially Ghana. The study sought to explore the experiences of PWUD with their families, their experiences at drug rehabilitation centres in Ghana, and the ways in which their interactions with drug rehabilitation centres helped them in the recovery process. Using a phenomenological research design, 47 individuals (42 males, mean age of 40, SD=11.54) who were mainly poly-drug users (33) undergoing drug rehabilitation in Ghana were sampled. Thematic analysis was used in analysing the data set. This was done by following the steps outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006). Three (3) themes were observed: ambivalent attitudes toward PWUD, conducive atmosphere at centres, and restoration. In their state of addiction, participants' family relations expressed disappointment in them but also complemented their efforts in seeking treatment. The drug use of participants led to a breakdown of their relationship with family members. Although some family members stigmatise PWUD, other family members of PWUD are supportive in the rehabilitation process. Also, PWUD are happy with human relations exhibited at rehabilitation centres, and the 12 steps treatment program. More education is required to deal with the stigma PWUD experience among their family members and to enhance their role in the recovery of PWUDs.
Mental health problems, dark triad personality and school environment performance in substance user and non-user of high school students
Authors: Emagnaw Alemayehu Belay
Published: June 2023

This study attempted to examine whether there were differences between substance nonuser and user adolescents on mental health problems, personality, and school environment performance. The data on mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress), dark triad personality traits, and substance use were collected through self-report questionnaires from a sample of 680 high school students and accessing their average scores in all subjects from the Registrars' Offices of the respective High Schools. For this study, 680 (i.e., 340 substance users and 340 non-substance users) participants were selected using repeated survey sampling from eight government and private high schools in Bahirdar City, Ethiopia. Results indicated higher mental health problems (anxiety, depression, and stress) in substance users than non-users. It was also found that substance users score lower on school environment performance than non-users. Analysis of the data showed that female students don't have significant substance use, whereas male students do have significantly higher substance use. A statistically significant difference was also found between the substance nonuser and user female and male students. The results of the general MANOVA tests revealed that the mean differences for those with substance non-users and users were significant for narcissism (F= 4.796, p < 0. 01) and psychopathy (F= 7.143, P< 0.01) personality. Parents, teachers, and counselors could benefit from this study by being informed about the mental health problems and substance use of students.
Protective effect of vitamin C against ethanol induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats
Authors: Oyesola Olusoji A. , Adebiyi Adelowo A. , George Taiwo E.
Published: June 2023

Inflammation is a natural immune response to harmful agents. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of vitamin C against alcohol-induced toxicity on hematological inflammatory markers. Forty healthy adult male Wistar rats were acclimatized and divided into eight groups. Group A served as the control, while Group B received alcohol. Groups C, D, and E were given varying doses of vitamin C, and Groups F, G, and H received alcohol followed by vitamin C treatments. After twenty-one days, blood samples were collected and analyzed for various markers. Rats receiving alcohol only showed increased white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), along with decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. However, rats receiving vitamin C alone or in combination with alcohol exhibited reduced inflammatory markers and increased antioxidant activity compared to the alcohol-only group. The study demonstrated that commercial-grade vitamin C at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg effectively reduced chronic low-grade inflammation. Overall, the findings suggest that vitamin C supplementation may mitigate the inflammatory effects of alcohol consumption.
Measuring disparities in access to district and referral hospitals in the city of Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Nduwayezu Gilbert , Ingabire Emmanuel , Bizimana Jean Pierre
Published: June 2023

The study focused on the identification of theoretical and methodological constructs that can be used to analyse and improve the spatial performance of  public health service delivery systems and the development of a corresponding spatial-analysis and GIS-based planning approach using the city of Kigali  as a case study. Access to health care as a multi-tiered system was measured by using five dimensions of access, namely geographic accessibility,  availability, affordability, acceptability and accommodation. Geo-statistical analysis was performed to measure and evaluate access to the district and  referral health care. For geographic access, the travel time for every trip is approximated for the two main modes of transport (walking and public  transport). To realistically represent the friction of distance, the street network was categorised into several road classes for which different travel speeds  are estimated for each transport mode on the basis of local knowledge. A factor analysis model was used for availability, affordability, acceptability, and  accommodation dimensions. Different indicators were evaluated in various units and scales and standardized to see how satisfaction levels varied with  each dimension. Based on the type of indicator, for the cost or benefit, the score was zero (0) or one (1). One (1) was considered a positive impact, while  zero (0) was considered a negative impact. Summary scores were developed for all indicators by combining more than one indicator into a single value.  The created summary score also ranges from 0 to 1, and the higher the score, the better the access attainment. To find areas that need intervention, the  comparison of all five indicators and the scores of access for each indicator was made. The dimensions of geographic accessibility and availability  appeared to be the most problematic. The district health care dimensions have revealed a low performance level in geographic accessibility (0.64) and a  high-performance level in affordability (0.94). The referral health care dimensions have revealed a low performance level of geographic accessibility (0.17)  and a high-performance level of acceptability (0.92). Health planners and policy makers will commonly require such a planning method,  particularly in the developing world where spatial contexts are highly dynamic as a result of rapid urbanisation.
Spatial Assessment of Urban Growth on Green Spaces in Rwanda: An insight from Rebero Mountain Landscape in Kicukiro District, City of Kigali
Authors: Nshimiyimana Alphonse Rodrigue , Niyigena Eric , Nyandwi Elias , Ngwijabagabo Hyacinthe , Rugengamanzi Gilbert
Published: June 2023

Green space is a crucial component of sustainable urban development that provides urban dwellers with several environmental and social benefits. This  study investigates the impact of urban growth on green space management on hilly landscape using a case study of Rebero Mountain in Kicukiro District,  Kigali City. The study used medium resolution satellite imagery (Landsat for 2000, 2010, and 2021) and high-resolution imagery (Quick Bird 2010  and Worldview 2 images of 2015) to assess Land Uses Land Covers (LULC) dynamics. To investigate the local community's perception on the effects of  urban growth on green space, interviews were conducted. The LULC changes detection revealed a significant decrease in green space with an increase in  the built-up areas. The urbanized area has been increasing from 7,422.10 Ha up to 14,730.94 Ha during the last two decades. The increasing built-up area  was in parallel with reduction of green space, specifically 44 Ha (-6.7%) of urban forest and 255 Ha (- 26.2%) of agricultural land, for the period  between 2000 and 2021. The reduction of green cover had a negative impact on the environment, such as soil erosion and biodiversity loss. In order to support decision-makers in fostering the development of sustainable and green smart cities, a spatially explicit assessment of the availability,  management, and accessibility of urban green areas is also important. Based on this research findings, the restoration of green spaces, including the  need for land-use and land-cover change monitoring, practical government physical planning interventions, and an inclusive strategy for managing the  city's green spaces that involves NGOs and citizens, and advocates for green city development are strongly recommended.
Health risk assessment of some heavy metals in twenty one wheat products sold in Nigeria
Authors: Oladapo F. O. , Awokoya J. O. , Ojuolape H.
Published: June 2023

This study assessed some heavy metals in twenty one wheat products originating from Nigeria and six other countries sold in local markets in Ijebu-Ode, Ibadan and Lagos cities in Nigeria and their possible health risks were also evaluated. Wheat-based food samples were digested and analyzed using Microwave Plasma coupled Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES) technique. The heavy metal contents in local and foreign wheat products ranged as follows: As (0.014-0.033 mg.kg-1), Cd (0.067-0.330 mg.kg-1), Ni (-0.002-0.104 mg.kg-1) and Pb (0.166-0.655 mg.kg-1). The mean contents of Cd and Pb exceeded the acceptable thresholds set by FAO/WHO while those of As and Ni were below permissible limits recommended by FAO/WHO. The health hazard indices for the four heavy metals, reported as follows: Ni (0.005), As (0.201), Pb (0.211), and Cd (0.490), fall within the low hazard range except for Ni whose hazard index could be regarded as negligible. The health hazard risk, which may be posed by each metal, occurred in a sequence of HQ (Ni) < HQ (As) < HQ (Cd) < HQ (Pb) <1, with each occurring within the safe limit set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The combined non-carcinogenic risk of the four heavy metals (ΣHQ = 0.906) occurred at the low-risk index. The carcinogenic risk index was below 1x 10-4 threshold recommended by USEPA, which indicates that the combined concentrations of the four metals possess a weak potential to modulate lifelong carcinogenic ailments for consumers of such wheat products.
INTEGRATION MECHANISMS OF MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE PROCESSES IN THE ECONOMY
Authors: Vladlenov Denis , Andrushko Ruslana , Andrushko Оleh , Sverstyuk Andriy , Andrushchak Igor , Androshchuk Igor , Yurii Matviiv , Korlyuga Aleksandr , Slutskiy Stanislav , Trushkina Nataliia , Дідковська Людмила , Hnylianska Olga , Павлова Валентина , Топчій Наталія , Kvasnytska Raisa , Hadzhuk Jaroslav , Dovgal Оlena , Sidorov Mykhailo , Iukhno Alona , Kovalenko Lyubov , Гачкевич Андрій , Сибрій Роксолана
Published: June 2023

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