bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in PItotal of Quercus liaotungensis seedlings between provenance
Authors: Hao Xiangchun , Zhou Shuai , Han Lijun , Zhai Yu
Published: December 2021

The performance index of overall photochemistry (PItotal) is widely used in photosynthesis research, but the PItotal interspecies differences are unclear. To this end, seeds of Quercus liaotungensis from 10 geographical provenances were planted in two different climate types. Two years later, leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and chlorophyll a fluorescence transient of seedlings were measured. Meanwhile, the environmental factors of provenance location, including temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed, transpiration pressure, and soil properties, were retrieved to analyze the trends of PItotal among geographic provenance. The results showed that, in each climate type, there was no significant difference in SPAD and electron transfer status between PSII and PSI, but PItotal was significantly different among geographic provenances. The major internal causes of PItotal interspecies differences were the efficiency of electronic transfer to final PSI acceptor and the number of active reaction centers per leaf cross-section. The main external causes of PItotal interspecies differences were precipitation of the warmest quarter, solar radiation intensity in July, and annual precipitation of provenance location. PItotal had the highest correlation with precipitation of the warmest quarter of origin and could be fitted by the Sine function. The peak location and fluctuating trend of precipitation—PItotal fitted curve were different in two climate types, largely due to the difference of precipitation and upper soil conductivity in the two test sites. Utilizing the interspecific variation and trends of PItotal might be a good strategy to screen high and stable photosynthetic efficiency of Q. liaotungensis provenance.
Optimization in the expression of ASFV proteins for the development of subunit vaccines using poxviruses as delivery vectors
Authors: Lopera-Madrid Jaime , Medina-Magües Lex G. , Gladue Douglas P. , Borca Manuel V. , Osorio Jorge E.
Published: December 2021

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic pig and Eurasian wild boar populations. To date, no safe and efficacious treatment or vaccine against ASF is available. Nevertheless, there are several reports of protection elicited by experimental vaccines based on live attenuated ASFV and some levels of protection and reduced viremia in other approaches such as DNA, adenovirus, baculovirus, and vaccinia-based vaccines. Current ASF subunit vaccine research focuses mainly on delivering protective antigens and antigen discovery within the ASFV genome. However, due to the complex nature of ASFV, expression vectors need to be optimized to improve their immunogenicity. Therefore, in the present study, we constructed several recombinant MVA vectors to evaluate the efficiency of different promoters and secretory signal sequences in the expression and immunogenicity of the p30 protein from ASFV. Overall, the natural poxvirus PrMVA13.5L promoter induced high levels of both p30 mRNA and specific anti-p30 antibodies in mice. In contrast, the synthetic PrS5E promoter and the S E/L promoter linked to a secretory signal showed lower mRNA levels and antibodies. These findings indicate that promoter selection may be as crucial as the antigen used to develop ASFV subunit vaccines using MVA as the delivery vector.
Retrieval of 3D information in X-ray dark-field imaging with a large field of view
Authors: Andrejewski Jana , De Marco Fabio , Willer Konstantin , Noichl Wolfgang , Urban Theresa , Frank Manuela , Gustschin Alex , Meyer Pascal , Koehler Thomas , Pfeiffer Franz , Herzen Julia
Published: December 2021

X-ray dark-field imaging is a widely researched imaging technique, with many studies on samples of very different dimensions and at very different resolutions. However, retrieval of three-dimensional (3D) information for human thorax sized objects has not yet been demonstrated. We present a method, similar to classic tomography and tomosynthesis, to obtain 3D information in X-ray dark-field imaging. Here, the sample is moved through the divergent beam of a Talbot–Lau interferometer. Projections of features at different distances from the source seemingly move with different velocities over the detector, due to the cone beam geometry. The reconstruction of different focal planes exploits this effect. We imaged a chest phantom and were able to locate different features in the sample (e.g. the ribs, and two sample vials filled with water and air and placed in the phantom) to corresponding focal planes. Furthermore, we found that image quality and detectability of features is sufficient for image reconstruction with a dose of 68 μSv at an effective pixel size of $$0.357 \times {0.357}\,\mathrm{mm}^{2}$$

0.357
×

0.357

mm

2

. Therefore, we successfully demonstrated that the presented method is able to retrieve 3D information in X-ray dark-field imaging.
Energy harvesting performance of an EDLC power generator based on pure water and glycerol mixture: analytical modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Kim Dong , Kim Dae Yeon , Shim Jaesool , Kim Kyung Chun
Published: December 2021

A liquid droplet oscillating between two plane electrodes was visualized, and the electrical power generation based on the reverse-electrowetting-on-dielectric (REWOD) phenomenon was measured. For the upper plate, a hydrophobic surface treated by PTFE was used, and the lower plate was tested using the hydrophilic surface properties of ITO glass. To analyze the dynamic behavior of an oscillating liquid bridge, a modeling study was carried out using the phase field method based on the finite element method. The dynamic contact angle of the oscillating liquid bridge was modeled based on advancing and receding contact angles. The variable interfacial areas between the liquid and solid surfaces were calculated and agreed well with the experimental results within a 10% error band. Furthermore, experimental and analytical studies were carried out to examine the REWOD energy harvesting characteristics of the glycerol-water mixtures in various concentrations. As a result, the peak voltage output was obtained at a specific concentration of the glycerol mixture, and the power density of the oscillating liquid bridge at this point was up to 2.23 times higher than that of pure water.
Temperature responsive chromatography for therapeutic drug monitoring with an aqueous mobile phase
Authors: Nagase Kenichi , Nishiyama Teruno , Inoue Masakazu , Kanazawa Hideko
Published: December 2021

Therapeutic drug monitoring is a key technology for effective pharmacological treatment. In the present study, a temperature-responsive chromatography column was developed for safe and simple therapeutic drug monitoring without the use of organic solvents. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel-modified silica beads were prepared via a condensation reaction and radical polymerization. The temperature-dependent elution behavior of the drugs was observed using a PNIPAAm-modified silica-bead packed column and an all-aqueous mobile phase. Sharp peaks with reproducible retention times were observed at temperatures of 30 °C or 40 °C because the PNIPAAm hydrogel on the silica beads shrinks at these temperatures, limiting drug diffusion into the PNIPAAm hydrogel layer. The elution behavior of the sample from the prepared column was examined using a mixture of serum and model drugs. The serum and drugs were separated on the column at 30 °C or 40 °C, and the concentration of the eluted drug was obtained using the calibration curve. The results show that the prepared chromatography column would be useful for therapeutic drug monitoring because the drug concentration in serum can be measured without using organic solvents in the mobile phase and without any need for sample preparation.
Carbon storage estimation in a secondary tropical forest at CIEE Sustainability Center, Monteverde, Costa Rica
Authors: Paniagua-Ramirez Alexandra , Krupinska Oliwia , Jagdeo Vicki , Cooper William J.
Published: December 2021

Secondary growth tropical rainforests have the potential to sequester large amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide and as such are an important carbon sink. To evaluate a local forest, a Carbon Neutrality Program was initiated at the Council on International Educational Exchange, San Luis Campus, Monteverde, Costa Rica. The study was conducted on 50 hectares of forest classified as Premontane Wet Forest. The forest, part of the Arenal-Monteverde Protected Zone, is estimated to be aproximately 50 years old and is in the upper regions of the San Luis valley at 1100 m elevation. Assessment of the carbon stock in trees was carried out in two permanent, 1 hectare plots, 100 m by 100 m, Camino Real and Zapote. The plots were divided into 25 subplots, 20 m by 20 m totaling 400 m2per subplot. Ten subplots in each area were studied which represented 1.6% the total surface area of the forest. All of the trees were measured within the subplots that had a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm and the height of 10% of the trees measured. The estimated total CO2sequestered by the campus forest was 18,210 ton (in 2019).
Phasic pupillary responses reveal differential engagement of attentional control in bilingual spoken language processing
Authors: Beatty-Martínez Anne L. , Guzzardo Tamargo Rosa E. , Dussias Paola E.
Published: December 2021

Language processing is cognitively demanding, requiring attentional resources to efficiently select and extract linguistic information as utterances unfold. Previous research has associated changes in pupil size with increased attentional effort. However, it is unknown whether the behavioral ecology of speakers may differentially affect engagement of attentional resources involved in conversation. For bilinguals, such an act potentially involves competing signals in more than one language and how this competition arises may differ across communicative contexts. We examined changes in pupil size during the comprehension of unilingual and codeswitched speech in a richly-characterized bilingual sample. In a visual-world task, participants saw pairs of objects as they heard instructions to select a target image. Instructions were either unilingual or codeswitched from one language to the other. We found that only bilinguals who use each of their languages in separate communicative contexts and who have high attention ability, show differential attention to unilingual and codeswitched speech. Bilinguals for whom codeswitching is common practice process unilingual and codeswitched speech similarly, regardless of attentional skill. Taken together, these results suggest that bilinguals recruit different language control strategies for distinct communicative purposes. The interactional context of language use critically determines attentional control engagement during language processing.
A radiogenomics application for prognostic profiling of endometrial cancer
Authors: Hoivik Erling A. , Hodneland Erlend , Dybvik Julie A. , Wagner-Larsen Kari S. , Fasmer Kristine E. , Berg Hege F. , Halle Mari K. , Haldorsen Ingfrid S. , Krakstad Camilla
Published: December 2021

Prognostication is critical for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment in endometrial cancer (EC). We employed radiogenomics to integrate preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, n = 487 patients) with histologic-, transcriptomic- and molecular biomarkers (n = 550 patients) aiming to identify aggressive tumor features in a study including 866 EC patients. Whole-volume tumor radiomic profiling from manually (radiologists) segmented tumors (n = 138 patients) yielded clusters identifying patients with high-risk histological features and poor survival. Radiomic profiling by a fully automated machine learning (ML)-based tumor segmentation algorithm (n = 336 patients) reproduced the same radiomic prognostic groups. From these radiomic risk-groups, an 11-gene high-risk signature was defined, and its prognostic role was reproduced in orthologous validation cohorts (n = 554 patients) and aligned with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) molecular class with poor survival (copy-number-high/p53-altered). We conclude that MRI-based integrated radiogenomics profiling provides refined tumor characterization that may aid in prognostication and guide future treatment strategies in EC.
Graphene oxide and starch gel as a hybrid binder for environmentally friendly high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Rapisarda Mario , Marken Frank , Meo Michele
Published: December 2021

Alternative green binders processable in water are being investigated for the development of more efficient and sustainable supercapacitors. However, their electrochemical performances have fallen within or below the average of commercially available devices. Herein, an optimised gelled mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and starch, a biopolymer belonging to the family of polysaccharides, is proposed. The molecular interactions between the two components enhance electrodes structure and morphology, as well as their thermal stability. GO, thanks to its reduction that is initially triggered by reactions with starch and further progressed by thermal treatment, actively contributes to the charge storage process of the supercapacitors. The optimised electrodes can deliver a specific capacitance up to 173.8 F g−1 while providing good rate capabilities and long-term stability over 17,000 cycles. These are among the best electrochemical performances achieved by environmentally friendly supercapacitors using a biomaterial as a binder.
Pd-Catalyzed coupling of benzyl bromides with BMIDA-substituted N-tosylhydrazones: synthesis of trans-alkenyl MIDA boronates
Authors: Li Shichao , Li Muyao , Li Shu-Sen , Wang Jianbo
Published: December 2021

A series of trans-alkenyl MIDA boronates have been prepared by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of N-methyliminodiacetyl boronate (BMIDA)-substituted N-tosylhydrazone and benzyl bromides.
Advances in allylic and benzylic C–H bond functionalization enabled by metallaphotoredox catalysis
Authors: Yue Huifeng , Zhu Chen , Huang Long , Dewanji Abhishek , Rueping Magnus
Published: December 2021

Merging two powerful methodologies, metallaphoto-catalyzed benzylic and allylic C(sp3)–H bond functionalizations provide a series of general and mild approaches for diversification of alkylbenzenes and alkenes.
Influence of noncovalent intramolecular and host–guest interactions on imatinib binding to MoS2 sheets: a PXRD/DFT study
Authors: Ushakov Ivan E. , Lenenko Natalia D. , Goloveshkin Alexander S. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Golub Alexandre S.
Published: December 2021

The revealed pattern of imatinib drug binding to MoS2 sheets is promising for the combined exploitation of these species for therapeutic purposes.
A first-principles study on the phase stability and physical properties of a B-site ordered Nd2CrFeO6 double perovskite
Authors: Bhuyan M. D. I. , Hossain Rana , Ara Ferdous , Basith M. A.
Published: December 2021

B-site ordered Nd2CrFeO6 double perovskite: A thermodynamically stable ferrimagnetic semiconductor with a band gap in the visible range predicted by DFT calculations.
Raman spectra-based structural classification analysis of quinoidal and derived molecular systems
Authors: Pena Arthur P. , Almeida Renata G. , Campos João Luiz , Dos Santos Hélio F. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Jorio Ado
Published: December 2021

Raman spectra data of quinones and similar molecules are used to train a machine learning model in order to define a structural ordering and classification of molecules and investigate the vibrational modes that mostly contributed to the analysis.
Progress towards machine learning reaction rate constants
Authors: Komp Evan , Janulaitis Nida , Valleau Stéphanie
Published: December 2021

Current status and outlook on the use and development of machine learning algorithms to predict reaction rate constants.
The crystal structure, thermal expansion and far-IR spectrum of propanal (CH3CH2CHO) determined using powder X-ray diffraction, neutron scattering, periodic DFT and synchrotron techniques
Authors: Maynard-Casely Helen E. , Yevstigneyev Nikita S. , Duyker Samuel G. , Ennis Courtney
Published: December 2021

The crystal structure of astromolecule propanal has been determined using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) where it is obsereved to crystallise in spacegroup P21/a, Z = 4 with a unit cell parameters a = 8.9833(6) Å, b = 4.2237(2) Å, c = 9.4733(6) Å and β = 97.508(6)°, resulting in a volume of 356.37(4) Å3 at 100 K.
Thermally induced dehydration reactions of monosodium l-glutamate monohydrate: dehydration of solids accompanied by liquefaction
Authors: Okazaki Takahiro , Hara Masami , Muravyev Nikita V. , Koga Nobuyoshi
Published: December 2021

Complex heterogeneous kinetic schemes are generated during thermal dehydration by liquefaction.
In silico investigation of DNA minor groove binding bibenzimidazoles in the context of UVA phototherapy
Authors: Beh Raymond C. , Pitsillou Eleni , Liang Julia J. , Hung Andrew , Karagiannis Tom C.
Published: December 2021

DNA-minor groove binding bibenzimidazole ligands, such as ortho-iodoHoechst bind in the minor groove of DNA in AT-rich regions. Upon photodehalogenation of the DNA ligand a carbon-centred radical is formed.
Color tunable emission from Eu3+ and Tm3+ co-doped CsPbBr3 quantum dot glass nanocomposites
Authors: Erol Erdinç , Kıbrıslı Orhan , Çelikbilek Ersundu Miray , Ersundu Ali Erçin
Published: December 2021

Color coordinates of as cast and heat-treated samples at different times and temperatures.
A computational study of competing conformational selection and induced fit in an abiotic system
Authors: Lalisse Remy F. , Pavlović Radoslav Z. , Hadad Christopher M. , Badjić Jovica D.
Published: December 2021

Adaptive steered molecular dynamics in combination with a nudged elastic band study of CS and IF, operating in an abiotic system, permits an accurate prediction of the system's dynamics.
Catalyst overcoating engineering towards high-performance electrocatalysis
Authors: Liu Qiang , Ranocchiari Marco , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: December 2021

The recent advances of applying surface overcoating engineering for designing high-performance electrocatalysts for application in sustainable energy-based electrocatalysis are reviewed.
A mechanistic study on the gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amide: revealing the impact of expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes
Authors: Ma Yumiao , Ali Hafiz Saqib , Hussein Aqeel A.
Published: December 2021

Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to understand the mechanistic pathway of the gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization of propargylic amide, and to reveal the impact of expanded-ring N-heterocyclic carbenes.
Accessible triplet excited states in the photoisomerization of allenes with extended conjugation
Authors: Álvarez-García Jonathan , García-Lago Ramón , Alonso-Gómez José Lorenzo , López Carlos Silva , Cid María Magdalena
Published: December 2021

Triplet states play a key role in the photochemistry of Re(i) complexes.
Enhancing the phosphorescence decay pathway of Cu(i) emitters – the role of copper–iodide moiety
Authors: Farias Giliandro , Salla Cristian A. M. , Toigo Jéssica , Duarte Luís Gustavo Teixeira Alves , Bortoluzzi Adailton J. , Girotto Edivandro , Gallardo Hugo , Atvars Teresa Dib Zambon , de Souza Bernardo , Bechtold Ivan H.
Published: December 2021

Copper–iodide moiety is an alternative to increase the spin–orbit coupling and the phosphorescence decay rate versus the classical [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ system, moving closer to an iridium(iii) complex.
Distinguishing atmospheric nitrogen compounds (nitrate and ammonium) in lichen biomonitoring studies
Authors: Niepsch Daniel , Clarke Leon J. , Tzoulas Konstantinos , Cavan Gina
Published: December 2021

Nitrogen speciation (NO3− and NH4+) method from lichen material, using 0.05 g lichen, 3 mL of 3% KCl and 6 hours extraction.
Steatosis induced by nonylphenol in HepG2 cells and the intervention effect of curcumin
Authors: Shan Dandan , Wang Jinming , Di Qiannan , Jiang Qianqian , Xu Qian
Published: December 2021

The firstin vitromodel of NP-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells was established. The mechanism may involve disruption of lipid metabolism and inhibition of the ROS-mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway. Curcumin may ameliorate the above changes.
Dietary intake of probiotic fermented milk benefits the gut and reproductive health in mice fed with an obesogenic diet
Authors: Akram Mohd , Ali Syed Azmal , Behare Pradip , Kaul Gautam
Published: December 2021

The present work illustrated the ability of probiotics for improvement in sperm motility in male diet-induced obesity (DIO) models.
High-precision apatiteδ37Cl measurement by SIMS with a 1012Ω amplifier Faraday cup
Authors: Cui Zexian , Yang Qing , Xia Xiao-Ping , Wang Rui , Bonifacie Magali , Lai Chun-Kit , Zhang Wan-Feng , Zhang Yan-Qiang , Xu Jian
Published: December 2021

The application of a 1012Ω amplifier Faraday cup improved the secondary ion mass spectrometry analytical precision of the apatite Cl isotope by a factor of about two.
A ratiometric fluorescence platform composed of MnO2 nanosheets and nitrogen, chlorine co-doped carbon dots and its logic gate performance for glutathione determination
Authors: Bai Fujuan , Wang Haiwei , Lin Longyi , Zhao Longshan
Published: December 2021

Illustration of the principle of a dual-emission ratiometric fluorescence strategy for the selective detection of GSH based on an N, Cl-CD-assisted MnO2 nanosheet–OPD system.
Synthesis of Pd nanorod arrays on Au nanoframes for excellent ethanol electrooxidation
Authors: Yun Qinru , Xu Juan , Wei Tingcha , Ruan Qifeng , Zhu Xingzhong , Kan Caixia
Published: December 2021

Gold nanoframe@Pd arrays with a super-large specific surface area are synthesized in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride, which is a promising electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reactions.
Synthesis and evaluation of ion-imprinted composite membranes of Cr(vi) based on β-diketone functional monomers
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Xin , Wang Guifang , Zhao Li , Hong Yuwen , Hu Xianzhi , Zi Futing , Cheng Huiling
Published: December 2021

Using Cr(vi) as the imprinted ions and 2-allyl-1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione (a compound of independent design) as the functional monomer, a series of chromium ion-imprinted composite membranes and corresponding non-imprinted composite membranes were synthesized and tested.
Toward understanding the phase-selective growth mechanism of films and geometrically-shaped flakes of 2D MoTe2
Authors: Limbu Tej B. , Adhikari Bikram , Song Seung Keun , Chitara Basant , Tang Yongan , Parsons Gregory N. , Yan Fei
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the phase-controlled growth of flakes and films of 2D MoTe2 by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition and presents a thorough understanding on the growth mechanism.
Enhanced antimicrobial treatment by a clay-based drug nanocarrier conjugated to a guanidine-rich cell penetrating peptide
Authors: Khodabakhshi Mohammad Reza , Baghersad Mohammad Hadi
Published: December 2021

A novel anti-infection therapeutic nano-bioconjugate based on magnetized halloysite nanotubes and a CPP is presented. High levels of bactericidal effects have been obtained with the designed nanocargo in comparison with the individual drugs.
(La0.65Sr0.3)0.95FeO3−δperovskite with high oxygen vacancy as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Luo Liyang , Liu Zhongyi , Wang Zhiyuan
Published: December 2021

Developing low-cost, highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is desirable for rechargeable metal–air batteries.
Strategies for switching the mechanism of proton-coupled electron transfer reactions illustrated by mechanistic zone diagrams
Authors: Tyburski Robin , Hammarström Leif
Published: December 2021

The mechanism by which proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) occurs is of fundamental importance and has great consequences for applications, e.g. in catalysis.
Enhancing CO2 photoreduction over ZIF-based reticular materials by morphology control of Au plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Becerra Jorge , Gopalakrishnan Vishnu Nair , Quach Toan-Anh , Do Trong-On
Published: December 2021

Plasmonic-based reticular materials are promising photocatalysts for CO2 reduction due to their efficient charge separation, band structure and crystalline properties.
Predicting the outcomes of interpolyelectrolyte neutralization at surfaces on the basis of complexation experiments and vice versa
Authors: Jukić Jasmina , Kovačević Davor , Cindro Nikola , Fink Rok , Oder Martina , Milisav Ana-Marija , Požar Josip
Published: December 2021

The study was carried out with the aim of establishing how the outcomes of polyelectrolyte multilayer formation can be predicted on the basis of the results of complexation studies in solution and vice versa.
Free energy cost to assemble superlattices of polymer-grafted nanoparticles
Authors: Li Dingning , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2021

We calculate the free energy cost to assemble superlattices of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the BCC structure shown here is often more stable, but only by a small free energy difference.
Carbon-cloth-supported nickel hydroxide anodes for electrochemical–thermally-activated chemical (E-TAC) water splitting
Authors: Hayek Noya , Landman Avigail , Halpern Yossi , Slobodkin Ilya , Davydova Elena S. , Rothschild Avner
Published: December 2021

Carbon cloth substrates outperform their nickel foam counterparts for electrodeposited cobalt-doped nickel hydroxide anodes for ultrahigh efficiency decoupled water splitting in a membraneless electrochemical – thermally activated chemical process.
Promotion of the oxygen evolution reaction via the reconstructed active phase of perovskite oxide
Authors: Jo Hyoi , Yang Yejin , Seong Arim , Jeong Donghwi , Kim Jeongwon , Joo Se Hun , Kim Yu Jin , Zhang Linjuan , Liu Ze , Wang Jian-Qiang , Kwak Sang Kyu , Kim Guntae
Published: December 2021

Gaining insight into the reconstruction of perovskite oxides that promote oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for developing stable and high-efficiency electrocatalysts.
Hydrophobic-barrier-assisted formation of vertically layered capacitive electrodes within a single sheet of paper
Authors: Oh In Hyeok , Lee Sung Min , Kim Yeon Woo , Choi Seyoung , Nam Inho , Chang Suk Tai
Published: December 2021

Vertically layered capacitive electrodes within a single sheet of paper are realized by using the hydrophobic barrier in the paper.
An electrochemically reconstructed WC/WO2–WO3 heterostructure as a highly efficient hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst
Authors: Meng Ge , Yao Heliang , Tian Han , Kong Fantao , Cui Xiangzhi , Cao Shaowen , Chen Yafeng , Chang Ziwei , Chen Chang , Shi Jianlin
Published: December 2021

A WC/WO2–WO3 nanosheet heterostructure has been fabricated by an in situ electrochemical reconstruction approach, which significantly elevates the HOR performance by 7 times owing to the synergistic catalytic effect between WC and WOx species.
Anomalously low electrostatic bending stiffness of graphene oxide 2D membranes regulates their environmental fate in aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Sanjari Shahrezaei Mohamad Ali , Mohammad-Reza Taheri S. , Nikfazan Hesam , Satalov Alexandra , Gudarzi Mohsen Moazzami , Aboutalebi Seyed Hamed
Published: December 2021

Low electrostatic bending stiffness of graphene oxide sheets determines the conformation and consequently their environmental fate in aquatic environments.
PLGA–collagen–BPNS Bifunctional composite mesh for photothermal therapy of melanoma and skin tissue engineering
Authors: Sutrisno Linawati , Chen Huajian , Yoshitomi Toru , Kawazoe Naoki , Yang Yingnan , Chen Guoping
Published: December 2021

A PLGA–collagen–BPNS composite mesh was prepared by hybridizing a PLGA knitted mesh with a BPNS-loaded collagen sponge for the photothermal ablation of cancer cells and the promotion of skin regeneration.
Peierls distortion, large Seebeck coefficient, and dispersibility of green solution phase synthesized tellurium nanoparticles
Authors: Saxena Monika , Okram Gunadhor S.
Published: December 2021

Tellurium (Te) is an appealing material for thermoelectric and many other applications due to its layered structures and highly anisotropic nature.
Precise modulation of the triplet state distribution for high-efficiency non-doped standard saturated red OLEDs
Authors: Wan Qing , Zhang Bing , Mao Congyi , Zhang Tian , Wang Zhiming , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2021

AIE-active tetraphenylethylene precisely regulates triplet state energy level distribution to induce spontaneous upper reversed intersystem crossing to produce a desirable standard saturated red organic light-emitting diode.
All-dry, one-step synthesis, doping and film formation of conductive polypyrrole
Authors: Dianatdar Afshin , Miola Matteo , De Luca Oreste , Rudolf Petra , Picchioni Francesco , Bose Ranjita K.
Published: December 2021

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) is an extremely effective method for solvent-free deposition of highly conductive polypyrrole films, where polymer synthesis, doping, and film formation are combined in a single step.
Multilevel optical data storage in a Eu2+/Ho3+ doped Ba2SiO4 phosphor with linear mapping between ultraviolet excitation and a thermoluminescence/photostimulated luminescence response
Authors: Pan Mingliang , Zhong Yi , Lin Hui , Bao Hongran , Zheng Lulu , Hong Ruijin , Dai Bo , Yu Dechao , Zhang Dawei , Zhuang Songlin
Published: December 2021

Multilevel optical storage is realized by using a Ba2SiO4 : Eu2+,Ho3+ phosphor due to its linear property between excitation and optical/thermal stimulation response.
Mechanical, thermal transport, electronic and photocatalytic properties of penta-PdPS, -PdPSe and -PdPTe monolayers explored by first-principles calculations
Authors: Mortazavi Bohayra , Shahrokhi Masoud , Zhuang Xiaoying , Rabczuk Timon , Shapeev Alexander V.
Published: December 2021

Using first-principles calculations mechanical, thermal transport, electronic and photocatalytic properties of penta-PdPS, -PdPSe and -PdPTe monolayers are explored.
NAD+-consuming enzymes in immune defense against viral infection
Authors: Shang Jialin , Smith Michael R. , Anmangandla Ananya , Lin Hening
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic reminds us that in spite of the scientific progress in the past century, there is a lack of general antiviral strategies. In analogy to broad-spectrum antibiotics as antibacterial agents, developing broad spectrum antiviral agents would buy us time for the development of vaccines and treatments for future viral infections. In addition to targeting viral factors, a possible strategy is to understand host immune defense mechanisms and develop methods to boost the antiviral immune response. Here we summarize the role of NAD+-consuming enzymes in the immune defense against viral infections, with the hope that a better understanding of this process could help to develop better antiviral therapeutics targeting these enzymes. These NAD+-consuming enzymes include PARPs, sirtuins, CD38, and SARM1. Among these, the antiviral function of PARPs is particularly important and will be a focus of this review. Interestingly, NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes are also implicated in immune responses. In addition, many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 contain a macrodomain-containing protein (NSP3 in SARS-CoV-2), which serves to counteract the antiviral function of host PARPs. Therefore, NAD+ and NAD+-consuming enzymes play crucial roles in immune responses against viral infections and detailed mechanistic understandings in the future will likely facilitate the development of general antiviral strategies.
2‐D analytical on‐load electromagnetic model for double‐layer slotted interior permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Faradonbeh Vahid Zamani , Rahideh Akbar
Published: December 2021

A fast hybrid analytical model is presented to predict the on‐load performance of double‐layer interior permanent‐magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) considering both iron bridges saturation and slotting effects. The saturation of the iron bridges is defined by a constant flux in the magnetic equivalent circuit method. The slotting effect is defined by a flux path function and virtual surface currents (VSCs) in one‐dimensional (1‐D) and two‐dimensional (2‐D) analytical methods, respectively. For the no‐load condition, double‐layer IPMSMs are modelled via surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous machines with two types of the permanent magnet model and the Magnetic Islands method are used to calculate the armature reaction. The effect of the stator slots is considered by using VSCs. To increase the computation speed in the 2‐D analytical method, the amount of VSC is calculated by 1‐D analysis. The 1‐D and 2‐D analytical results for a double‐layer IPMSM are compared with those of finite element analysis and experimental set‐up.
A survey on policies, modelling and security of cyber‐physical systems in smart grids
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhang Guangyuan , Wen Fushuan
Published: December 2021

A more reliable, efficient, and resilient smart grid depends on the applications of advanced information and communication technologies to support new functions and controls. The critical infrastructure of a smart grid consists of some major components such as monitoring, controls, communication protocol and software. The cyber‐physical system (CPS), which integrates these components, is an important enabler for the expected transition of the energy system driven by decarbonization, digitalization and decentralization. This paper provides an overview of the policy drivers and barriers for the implementation of CPS in power systems. With the vast deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs), there is increasing demand to model the hardware, software and their interactions in the smart grid environment. This paper reviews the modelling and applications of intelligent CPS for decentralized energy systems. The integration of DERs and the supportive infrastructure make modern power systems more vulnerable and less reliable to external threats such as terrorist intrusion. There are growing concerns over the risk of cyber‐attacks in mart grids. This paper surveys the latest progress on critical infrastructure identification and protection, as well as risk assessment and mitigation methods for cyber‐attacks. Finally, some advanced issues in cyber‐physical energy systems are addressed.
Identification and Characterization of Maitara Island Clay, North Maluku
Authors: Liestianty Deasy , Muliadi  , Marhan  , Abbas Said Hi , Yanny
Published: December 2021

Characterization and identification of Maitara Island clay have been carried out. This study aims to determine the types of minerals contained in the Maitara Island clay. The analytical methods used include X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the chemical composition of Maitara Island clay, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for mineralogical analysis of Maitara Island clay, Fourier Transmission Infra Red (FTIR) to determine the types of vibrations that exist between the atoms in clay minerals from Maitara Island, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the morphology of clay minerals. XRF analysis showed that silica was the element found to dominate the clay minerals with a percentage of 40.79%. Moreover, the highest oxide component found was SiO2 with a percentage of 87.25%. XRD analysis indicated that the Maitara Island clay minerals are composed of montmorillonite, magmatite, aluminum oxide colondrum, cristobalite, lime, titanium oxide, and hematite. The results of FTIR analysis denoted the presence of silica as silanol and siloxane. SEM images showed angular grains which signified silica as the main component in the clay minerals of Maitara Island
Detection of Pork Gelatin in Jelly Candy Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Jariyah  , Yulistiani Ratna , Afdilah Shelma Wharda , Mas’udah Kusuma Wardhani
Published: December 2021

This study aims to identify the content of pork gelatin in jelly candy using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods. This method provide information to the public in choosing halal and tested food products. By uses a stepwise cluster survey method to obtain a sample then the samples obtained were isolated in gelatin, analyzed using the FTIR spectrophotometer method, and continued with data analysis using PCA (Principal Component Analysis). In addition, DNA detection analysis of pork gelatin was carried out using the PCR method. The results of the study were FTIR spectrum at wavelengths of 1450 – 1300 cm-1, 1543 cm-1, and 2800-3000 cm-1. The classification of gelatin sources in jelly candy with PCA resulted in the proportion value of Principal Component 1 (PC 1) of 39%, the value of the proportion of Principal Component 2 (PC 2) of 31%, the value of the proportion of Principal Component 3 (PC 3) of 14.5% and the cumulative value of PC 1, PC 2, and PC 3 is 84.5%. DNA amplification of jelly candy samples by PCR proved that all jelly candy samples A, B, C, D, and E did not contain pork.
Geographical Information System for Mapping and Analysis of Agricultural Areas in Merauke Regency
Authors: Marsujitullah Marsujitullah , Fransiskus X. Manggau , Adrianto Darsono Try , Latif Agustan
Published: December 2021

This Geographical Information System Mapping and Analysis Study aims to map and analyze the range of potential seed plant returns in several sub-districts in Merauke, which consists of several criteria for structural land use and land use intensity. Building Management, Circulation and Connecting Systems, Open Space and Green Systems, Quality Environmental Management, Environmental Infrastructure and Utilities Systems and Building and Environmental Conservation. This research was made using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) which allows the search for optimal alternative solutions and the latest technological developments related to a method and presentation of information. The final result of this research is that web-based GIS is expected to be a source of reference / reference that is easily accessed by stakeholders related to agriculture, providing an overview of the various potentials of farming, especially sub-districts that have potential. availability of suitable land, provides an overview of the quantity of agricultural land use that has been utilized, and can be used as a guideline for policy development in the field of superior agriculture at the regional and national levels.
Design Of Sales Application Models Using Quality Function Deployment Method And System Development Life Cycle: Case Study At Giriloyo Batik Tulis Center
Authors: Sulistyani M , As’adi M , Zaman A N , Mahfud H
Published: December 2021

Kampung batik Giriloyo is one of the centers of batik tulis production in Indonesia, located in Yogyakarta. During Covid-19, the number of visitors decreased from 600 – 1500 people per day to 50 people per day. Based on data from the financial department of Kampung batik Giriloyo, sales of Giriloyo’s products have also decreased by 67.78% from 1.997 billion to 643.3 million. In addition, based on data from Bank Indonesia, e-commerce transactions in Indonesia increased by 18,1% (98,3 million transactions) with transaction values increasing by 9,9% (20,7 trillion) during covid-19. Based on these problems, by taking advantage of technological advances, the researcher proposed to design a sales application as an alternative to increasing the sales of batik products in Kampung Giriloyo. This study aims to determine the features needed by visitors in Kampung batik Giriloyo for application using the quality function deployment method to determine customer needs and the system development life cycle to design application models. The results of this study are 9 lists of customer needs for the application, the features for the application, and the prototype of the application.
Studi On Big Data Analytics Framework in Smart City Context
Authors: Dinda Rahmawati , Assaf Arief , Saiful Saiful Do Abdullah
Published: December 2021

The issue of global urbanization, which is a separate problem faced by the government, is the very rapid growth of population density in cities. To face this challenge, the government launched a smart city project by targeting sustainable economic growth and improving the quality of life. Information and Communication Technology governance is the key to realizing a smart city. However, each of these I.C.T. tools produce large amounts of data known as Big Data. Data processing with the Big Data approach is becoming a trend in information systems to provide better public services and provide references in the policy-making process. However, to obtain important information in the scope of big data, a Big Data Analytics process is needed, also known as Big Data Value Chain. Extracting knowledge from the related literature can identify the characteristics of the big data analytic framework for smart cities. This paper reviews several big data analytic frameworks applied to smart cities. This paper is to find the advantages and disadvantages of each framework so that it can be a direction for future research
Prospective Teachers’ Knowledge of Evaluating Student Errors on Area Conservation Task
Authors: Ekawati Rooselyna , Kohar Ahmad Wachidul , Masriyah Masriyah , Rosyidi Abdul Haris , Prawoto Budi Priyo , Palupi Evangelista Lus Windyana
Published: December 2021

The data of conjecturing student errors were analyzed by focusing on possible errors of triangle area on a conservation task, while PSTs’ responses of student errors were scrutinized using four strands: mathematical focus, pedagogical action, form of address, and degree of student error use. Results revealed that while PSTs tend to identify as well as interpret the existence of mathematical errors from the conceptual aspect on triangles with the same sizes of height and base, few PSTs could evaluate student errors employing the formal structure of area conservation concept on triangles with the different sizes of height and base. Regarding PST’s responses, PSTs tend to agree with facilitating students to investigate the congruence of base and height of triangles in constructing the concept of triangle area measurement. However, they preferred to choose pedagogical action by reexplaining the main feature of the task solution instead of using student errors as a tool to probe student thinking or provide cognitive conflicts. Furthermore, most of the PST also don’t use student errors as a tool to reconstruct a whole lesson indicating learning trajectory on area conservation concepts, but as a steppingstone to correct subsequent errors.
Numerical Study of One Prey-Two Predator Model Considering Food Addition and Anti-Predator Defense
Authors: Savitri Dian
Published: December 2021

This article examines the interaction between prey populations, juvenile predators, and adult predators. A mathematical model that considers adding food and anti-predators was developed. The equilibria of the existing system are that the system has four equilibria points with conditions suitable for the locale. Numerical simulations were carried out to describe the dynamics of the system solution. Based on numerical simulations, the varying of parameter causes changes in the extinction of prey or survival of prey populations, juvenile predators, and adult predators. Addfood parameters (A) encourae Hopf Bifurcation and Saddle-node bifurcation Numerical continuity results show that Hopf bifurcation occurs when the parameter valueA= 1.00162435 and when the parameter valueA= 2.435303 Saddle-node bifurcation occurs.
Infrared Spectra Patterns of Coconut Shell Charcoal as Result of Pyrolysis and Acid Activation Origin of Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Jeanne Rampe Meytij , Santoso Ignatius R. S. , Rampe Henny Lieke , Tiwow Vistarani Arini , Apita Anastasya
Published: December 2021

Coconut is one of the industrial plants that plays an important role in the Indonesian economy. The part of coconut that has a high economic value is the coconut shell. This study aims to see the maximum temperature of the coconut shell pyrolysis reactor and to examine the spectrum pattern of charcoal purified using the activation of hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid (CH3COOH), nitric acid (HNO3) and hot water (H2O). The process steps are pyrolysis process carried out at a temperature of ± 310 °C for 2 hours and activation using 4 types of solvents with different acidity levels, soaking for 12 hours. Infrared spectra pattern testing using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results of the pyrolysis process produce charcoal, liquid smoke, tar and condensed gases. The spectral pattern of each purified charcoal was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The results of the analysis showed that the spectral pattern of activated charcoal showed a spectral pattern with a low level of impurity absorption, namely the spectral pattern of charcoal using HCl activator at a concentration of 2 M.
Analysis of Carrying Capacity of Blekok Beach and Kerapu Beach Situbondo as Conservation Areas for Mangrove, Blekok Bird (Ardidae) and Grouper Fish Cultivation (Epinephelus)
Authors: Purnomo Tarzan , Sahani Kandilia , Wahyudi Toni
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity of the coastal waters of Blekok and the coast of Kerapu, Situbondo, East Java as a conservation area for mangroves, blekok birds and grouper fish cultivation. The study used thein situobservation method, carried out in January–February 2021. The sampling was on Blekok beach at latitude coordinates: -7.69742 and longitude: 113.92206, on Kerapu beach at latitude coordinates: -7.69568 and longitude: 113.89666. At each beach the data is taken at 3 stations, at each station 3 sub stations are taken. Parameters measured include physical (temperature, turbidity, TSS, TDS), chemical (pH, salinity, DO, BOD, Cu), and biology (totalColiform) were measuredin situand at the Environmental Laboratory, Situbondo Environmental Service. Analysis of Cu concentration usingAtomic Absorption Spectrophotometermethod.Coliformtotal analysis used theMost Probable Numbermethod. The data were analyzed descriptively qualitative-quantitatively and compared with the quality standard of the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51/2004. The results showed that the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the coastal waters of Blekok and Kerapu beaches were in accordance with quality standards so the carrying capacity as a mangrove conservation area, blekok birds, grouper cultivation and tourism is very good.
Increasing the Stability of Asphalt Concrete Mixture Using Crumb Rubber
Authors: Romadhon Fajar , Iwan Candra Agata , Karisma Dwifi Aprillia , Heri Nastotok Muhammad , Kurnia Dewanta Rendy , Wicaksono Haris
Published: December 2021

Stability is a measure of the strength of an asphalt mixture in resisting deformation due to loading. If a road construction structure cannot withstand the existing load, it will result in road damage that endangers road users. This study aims to improve the stability of the asphalt concrete mixture with the use of crumb rubber. Crumb rubber is used because it has good resistance and elasticity. The research was conducted experimentally by making test objects in the laboratory. In this study, five variations crumb rubber (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of the weight asphalt mixture) were carried out with the size of the powder retained on a 40 sieve. Marshall test and analysis of volumetric was carried out to determine the characteristics of the asphalt-concrete mixture. The results showed that the highest Marshall stability was obtained at 10% crumb rubber with a stability value of 1422 kg. The use of rubber powder can significantly increase the strength and quality of the asphalt-concrete mixture. Thus, crumb rubber can be used, and this percentage can be used as a reference in the manufacture of asphalt-concrete mixtures in order to obtain good road pavement quality.