bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Effect of 2 mA Anodal tDCS Over the M1 on Performance and Practice Effect on Grooved Pegboard Test and Trail Making Test B
Authors: Fagerlund Asbjørn J. , Freili Janita L. , Danielsen Therese L. , Aslaksen Per M.
Published: August 2015

Previous studies suggest that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can facilitate motor performance and learning. In this double-blind experiment, 60 healthy human subjects (29 females) were randomized into three groups (active tDCS, sham tDCS, and no-treatment control group) in order to investigate the effect of a 20 min session of 2 mA tDCS over the motor cortex contralateral to the dominant hand on practice effect and performance on the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and Trail Making Test (TMT). Performance was operationalized as the time to complete the tests before, during, and after stimulation. The practice effect was termed as the difference in time to complete the tests from pretest to post-test. Data on body mass index (BMI), head circumference, sleep status, interelectrode impedance, and caffeine and nicotine use were sampled to control for the influence of individual differences on the effect of tDCS. Adverse effects were registered using a standardized form. The results indicated no effect of tDCS on performance and practice effects on the GPT and TMT. For all groups, BMI was a predictor for a practice effect on the TMT. In the active tDCS group, high caffeine intake and low impedance predicted a practice effect on the GPT for the dominant hand. The present results suggest that impedance levels in tDCS studies should be routinely reported in future studies, as it might not only provide valuable information on the efficacy of the blinding conditions and participant discomfort, but also correlate with individual differences that are relevant to the outcome of the stimulation.
Energy Homeostasis Control in Drosophila Adipokinetic Hormone Mutants
Authors: Gáliková Martina , Diesner Max , Klepsatel Peter , Hehlert Philip , Xu Yanjun , Bickmeyer Iris , Predel Reinhard , Kühnlein Ronald P
Published: August 2015

Maintenance of biological functions under negative energy balance depends on mobilization of storage lipids and carbohydrates in animals. In mammals, glucagon and glucocorticoid signaling mobilizes energy reserves, whereas adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) play a homologous role in insects. Numerous studies based on AKH injections and correlative studies in a broad range of insect species established the view that AKH acts as master regulator of energy mobilization during development, reproduction, and stress. In contrast to AKH, the second peptide, which is processed from the Akh encoded prohormone [termed “adipokinetic hormone precursor-related peptide” (APRP)] is functionally orphan. APRP is discussed as ecdysiotropic hormone or as scaffold peptide during AKH prohormone processing. However, as in the case of AKH, final evidence for APRP functions requires genetic mutant analysis. Here we employed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering to create AKH and AKH plus APRP-specific mutants in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. Lack of APRP did not affect any of the tested steroid-dependent processes. Similarly, Drosophila AKH signaling is dispensable for ontogenesis, locomotion, oogenesis, and homeostasis of lipid or carbohydrate storage until up to the end of metamorphosis. During adulthood, however, AKH regulates body fat content and the hemolymph sugar level as well as nutritional and oxidative stress responses. Finally, we provide evidence for a negative autoregulatory loop in Akh gene regulation.
Inner Kinetochore Protein Interactions with Regional Centromeres of Fission Yeast
Authors: Thakur Jitendra , Talbert Paul B , Henikoff Steven
Published: August 2015

Centromeres of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe lack the highly repetitive sequences that make most other "regional" centromeres refractory to analysis. To map fission yeast centromeres, we applied H4S47C-anchored cleavage mapping and native and cross-linked chromatin immunoprecipitation with paired-end sequencing. H3 nucleosomes are nearly absent from the central domain, which is occupied by centromere-specific H3 (cenH3 or CENP-A) nucleosomes with two H4s per particle that are mostly unpositioned and are more widely spaced than nucleosomes elsewhere. Inner kinetochore proteins CENP-A, CENP-C, CENP-T, CENP-I, and Scm3 are highly enriched throughout the central domain except at tRNA genes, with no evidence for preferred kinetochore assembly sites. These proteins are weakly enriched and less stably incorporated in H3-rich heterochromatin. CENP-A nucleosomes protect less DNA from nuclease digestion than H3 nucleosomes, while CENP-T protects a range of fragment sizes. Our results suggest that CENP-T particles occupy linkers between CENP-A nucleosomes and that classical regional centromeres differ from other centromeres by the absence of CENP-A nucleosome positioning.
Natural Variation in the Flag Leaf Morphology of Rice Due to a Mutation of the NARROW LEAF 1 Gene in Oryza sativa L.
Authors: Taguchi-Shiobara Fumio , Ota Tatsuya , Ebana Kaworu , Ookawa Taiichiro , Yamasaki Masanori , Tanabata Takanari , Yamanouchi Utako , Wu Jianzhong , Ono Nozomi , Nonoue Yasunori , Nagata Kazufumi , Fukuoka Shuichi , Hirabayashi Hideyuki , Yamamoto Toshio , Yano Masahiro
Published: August 2015

We investigated the natural variations in the flag leaf morphology of rice. We conducted a principal component analysis based on nine flag leaf morphology traits using 103 accessions from the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Core Collection. The first component explained 39% of total variance, and the variable with highest loading was the width of the flag leaf (WFL). A genome-wide association analysis of 102 diverse Japanese accessions revealed that marker RM6992 on chromosome 4 was highly associated with WFL. In analyses of progenies derived from a cross between Takanari and Akenohoshi, the most significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for WFL was in a 10.3-kb region containing the NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1) gene, located 0.4 Mb downstream of RM6992. Analyses of chromosomal segment substitution lines indicated that a mutation (G1509A single-nucleotide mutation, causing an R233H amino acid substitution in NAL1) was present at the QTL. This explained 13 and 20% of total variability in WFL and the distance between small vascular bundles, respectively. The mutation apparently occurred during rice domestication and spread into japonica, tropical japonica, and indica subgroups. Notably, one accession, Phulba, had a NAL1 allele encoding only the N-terminal, or one-fourth, of the wild-type peptide. Given that the Phulba allele and the histidine-type allele showed essentially the same phenotype, the histidine-type allele was regarded as malfunctional. The phenotypes of transgenic plants varied depending on the ratio of histidine-type alleles to arginine-type alleles, raising the possibility that H233-type products function differently from and compete with R233-type products.
English Borrowings from the Economic Sphere in the Verbal Lexicon of Native Speakers of Russian in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Balakina Julia , Visilitskaya Elena
Published: August 2015

The article looks into the issue of the integration of loanwords appertaining to the financial lexis of the Russian language. Due to an overwhelming number of borrowings in the professional vocabulary of bank workers, the prevalence of anglicisms over Russian words in their written and verbal speech cannot go unnoticed. However, given a generally low level of bank workers’ English language competence, this situation leads to peculiar, nonstandard adaptation of anglicisms at all language levels. Accordingly, the article presents the possible ways anglicisms integrate into the Russian language, and examines the native speakers’ attitude to borrowed words and their preferences in using anglicisms. Furthermore, the authors have identified the main reasons why the speakers frequently resort to anglicisms and the degree of semantic awareness behind their choice. The most commonly-used borrowed terms have also been singled out.
Ako hovorí slovenská mládež v Maďarsku a na Slovensku v súčasnosti? (Bilingválna reflexia)
Authors: Homišinová Mária
Published: August 2015

The intention of this paper is to present the empirical research results of the Slovak youth lingual-communication behaviour in Slovakia and Hungary, whereas this research work was performed in both countries in the year 2010. Expressions of a spoken form of the Slovak language in surroundings were investigated, which is typical for the application of the written language as a form of a social contact in school — with friends, peers, and in family. The referential framework of this article consists of three analytical levels: 1. the analysis of the knowledge level of the Slovak and Hungarian language (in the case of the Slovak language, its lingual appearances are analyzed); 2. intergeneration relations of lingual communication; 3. the analysis of mutual contexts (the dependence on identification signs).
Иисус Христос в устойчивых сравнениях христиан
Authors: Кузнецова И. В.
Published: August 2015

This paper makes a comparative analysis of fixed similes with the component Jesus Christ and its synonyms, their representation in dictionaries, and their usage by native speakers. As a result, the author reveals biblical structural semantic universals as well as set comparisons with national peculiarities.
Att acceptera eller inte acceptera diskriminering
Authors: Strömblad Per
Published: August 2015

Abstract saknas
Patients with multiple sclerosis do not necessarily consume more alcohol or tobacco than the general population
Authors: Fragoso Yara Dadalti , Gomes Sidney , Goncalves Marcus Vinicius M. , Machado Suzana C. Nunes , Morales Rogerio de Rizo , Oliveira Francisco Tomas M. de , Oliveira João Filipe de , Olmo Neide R. Simoes , Parolin Monica K. Fiuza , Siquineli Fabio , Stoney Patrick N.
Published: August 2015

Purpose Recent papers suggest that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are prone to alcohol misuse. This may be due to the combination of a lifelong and disabling disease with a psychiatric profile typical of MS. The objective of the present study was to assess these findings in a culturally different population of patients with MS.Method The present case-control transversal study assessed 168 patients with MS and 168 control subjects from Brazil.Results There were no evidence that patients with MS drank more alcohol or, smoked more than did controls. In fact, control subjects had a significantly higher alcohol consumption. The only trait associated to higher alcohol consumption was anxiety, both for patients and controls.Conclusion Unlike previous reports in the literature, patients with MS in our study did not drink or smoked more than a control population.
Non-progressive cerebellar ataxia and previous undetermined acute cerebellar injury: a mysterious clinical condition
Authors: Pinto Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende , Pedroso José Luiz , Souza Paulo Victor Sgobbi de , Albuquerque Marcus Vinícius Cristino de , Barsottini Orlando Graziani Povoas
Published: August 2015

Cerebellar ataxias represent a wide group of neurological diseases secondary to dysfunctions of cerebellum or its associated pathways, rarely coursing with acute-onset acquired etiologies and chronic non-progressive presentation. We evaluated patients with acquired non-progressive cerebellar ataxia that presented previous acute or subacute onset. Clinical and neuroimaging characterization of adult patients with acquired non-progressive ataxia were performed. Five patients were identified with the phenotype of acquired non-progressive ataxia. Most patients presented with a juvenile to adult-onset acute to subacute appendicular and truncal cerebellar ataxia with mild to moderate cerebellar or olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Establishing the etiology of the acute triggering events of such ataxias is complex. Non-progressive ataxia in adults must be distinguished from hereditary ataxias.
Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in racemose form of neurocysticercosis
Authors: Bazan Rodrigo , Odashima Newton Satoru , Luvizutto Gustavo José , Hamamoto Filho Pedro Tadao , Zanini Marco Antonio , Takayanagui Osvaldo Massaiti
Published: August 2015

The present work aimed to evaluate the pattern of CSF alterations in patients diagnosed with neurocysticercosis (NCC) in racemose form.Method This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with diagnosis of NCC in racemose form. CSF samples from 26 patients were analyzed. After patient-chart analysis was performed descriptive analysis of case studies and comparison between sexes in relation to variables were obtained with CSF by Mann-Whitney and Student’s t-tests.Results The sexes did not differ statistically when compared to pleocytosis in CSF. Eosinophils were present in 31% in samples while the ELISA test presented 80% sensitivity in this case series. Of the patient total, 24 presented a meningitis pattern with lymphocytic predominance.Conclusion There was no difference in inflammatory pattern between the sexes, with predominance of lymphocytic meningitis and 80% sensitivity by ELISA test of CSF patients with racemose form of NCC.
Life and death of Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev
Authors: Maranhão Filho Péricles , Maranhão Eliana Teixeira , Engelhardt Eliasz
Published: August 2015

Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev was a Russian innovative neuroscientist, extraordinary in the study, diagnosis, and research in the fields of neurology, psychology, morphology, physiology, and psychiatry. Considering the ample and multifaceted scientific feats, only some are touched in a very brief manner. However, it is necessary to highlight his contributions to neurology, with the description of structures, signs and syndromes, to physiology, including reflexology, which later underpinned behaviorism, to psychology, including objective psychology and suggestion. His accomplishments and legacy remained until the present days. Some comments about the scenery that involved his death are also presented.
Friedrich Nietzsche: the wandering and learned neuropath under Dionisius
Authors: Gomes Marleide da Mota
Published: August 2015

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a remarkable philologist-philosopher while remaining in a condition of ill-health. Issues about his wandering/disruptive behavior that might be a consequence and/or protection against his cognitive decline and multifaceted disease are presented. The life complex that raises speculations about its etiology is constituted by: insight, creativity and wandering behavior besides several symptoms and signs of disease(s), mainly neurological one. The most important issue to be considered at the moment is not the disease diagnosis (Lissauer’s general paresis or CADASIL, e.g.), but the probable Nietzsche’s great cognitive reserve linked to the multifactorial etiology (genetic and environmental), and shared characteristics both to creativity and psychopathology. This makes any disease seems especial regarding Nietzsche, and whichever the diagnostic hypothesis has to consider the Nietzsche’s unique background to express any disease(s).
Accuracy of doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula maturity
Authors: Fonseca Junior João Humberto da , Pitta Guilherme Benjamin Brandão , Miranda Júnior Fausto
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

 to determine the accuracy of Doppler ultrasonography (USD) for hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturity.

METHODS:

 we included patients with no prior AVF. Each patient underwent two USD examinations. After initiation of hemodialysis, we followed the patients during the first month of the access use and verified its adequacy to hemodialysis sessions. At statistical analysis we measured specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, ROC curve (Receiver operator characteristic) curve, TG-ROC (Two graph - receiver operator characteristic) and logistic regression.

RESULTS:

 we included 76 patients, of which 51 completed the study. They formed two groups, those who have had good adequacy for hemodialysis (45) and those who had not (6). The average flow volume (FV) and the average draining vein diameter (DVD) of each group were, respectively: 940mL/min (95% CI: 829-1052) and 325mL/min (95% CI: 140-510); and 0.48cm (95% CI: 0.45-0.52) and 0.33cm (95% CI: 0.27-0.40). The area under the ROC curve of FV and DVD were 0.926 and 0.766, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

 the accuracy of the measured volume flow measured at the draining vein to evaluate maturation of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula was 85%.
Degloving injuries of trunk and limbs: comparison of outcomes of early versus delayed assessment by the plastic surgery team
Authors: Mello Daniel Francisco , Assef José Cesar , Soldá Sílvia Cristine , Helene Jr Américo
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

 to analyze cases of degloving of the trunk and limbs, comparing outcomes of early versus delayed assessment by the plastic surgery team.

METHODS:

 we conducted a retrospective analysis of medical charts. Patients comprised two groups: Group I - early assessment, performed within 12 hours post trauma; and Group II - delayed assessment, performed more than 12 hours post trauma. We defined primary grafting as the use of skin from the traumatized skin flap. We excluded cases involving hands, feet or genitalia.

RESULTS:

 there were 47 patients treated with degloving injuries between 2002 and 2010. The mean body surface area affected was 8.2%. Lower limbs were the most frequently affected site (95.7%), whether alone or in association with lesions to other sites. Delayed assessment by the plastic surgery team occurred in 25 cases. Mean hospital stay was 36.1 days for Group I and 57.1 days for Group II (p=0.026). Regarding the number of surgical operations (skin grafts), Group I received a mean of 1.3, while Group II underwent 1.6 (p=0.034).

CONCLUSION:

 based on length of hospital stay and number of operations in trauma patients with degloving of the trunk and limbs, plastic surgery assessment should be carried out early.
Inguinal hernia repair: can one identify the three main nerves of the region?
Authors: Grossi João Vicente Machado , Cavazzola Leandro Totti , Breigeiron Ricardo
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

 To identify the nerves in the groin during inguinal hernia repair by inguinotomy.

METHODS:

 We conducted a prospective, sequenced, non-randomized study comprising 38 patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair with placement of polypropylene mesh.

RESULTS:

 The male patients were 36 (94.7%), with a mean age and standard deviation of 43.1 ± 14.5, body mass index of 24.4 ± 2.8. Comorbidities were hypertension in two (5.2%), smoking in 12 (31.5%) and obesity in two (5.2%). The hernia was located only on the right in 21 (55.2%) patients, only on the left in 11 (28.9%), and was bilateral in six (15.7%) patients. Prior hernia repair was present in seven (18.4%) patients. The identification of the three nerves during operation was made in 20 (52.6%) patients, the ilioinguinal nerve and the iliohypogastric nerve were identified in 33 (86.8%), and the genital nerve branch of the genitofemoral nerve, in 20 (52.6%). Resection of at least one of the nerves was performed in seven (18.4%) cases, two iliohypogastric nerves and five ilioinguinal nerves. The average operating time was 70.8 ± 18.2 minutes. The hospital stay was 1.42 ± 1.18 days. Ten patients (26.3%) returned to physical activity around the first postoperative visit, and 37 (97.3%) in the last. The follow-up time was 95.6 ± 23.5 days. The inability to identify the ilioinguinal nerve was associated with previous repair (p = 0.035).

CONCLUSION:

 The identification of the three nerves during inguinal hernia surgery has been described in more than half of the cases and prior repair interfered with the identification of ilioinguinal nerve.
Predictive factors for short gastric vessels division during laparoscopic total fundoplication
Authors: Teixeira Alexandre Chartuni Pereira , Herbella Fernando Augusto Mardiros , Bonadiman Adorísio , Farah José Francisco de Mattos , Del Grande José Carlos
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

to determine clinical variables that can predict the need for division of the short gastric vessels (SGV), based on the gastric fundus tension, assessing postoperative outcomes in patients submitted or not to section of these vessels.

METHODS:

 we analyzed data from 399 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The section of the SGV was performed according to the surgeon evaluation, based on the fundus tension. Patients were divided into two groups: not requiring SGV section (group A) or requiring SGV section (group B).

RESULTS:

 the section was not necessary in 364 (91%) patients (Group A) and required in 35 (9%) patients (Group B). Group B had proportionally more male patients and higher average height. The endoscopic parameters were worse for Group B, with larger hiatal hernias, greater hernias proportion with more than four centimeters, more intense esophagitis, higher proportion of Barrett's esophagus and long Barrett's esophagus. Male gender and grade IV-V esophagitis were considered independent predictors in the multivariate analysis. Transient dysphagia and GERD symptoms were more common in Group B.

CONCLUSION:

 the division of the short gastric vessels is not required routinely, but male gender and grade IV-V esophagitis are independent predictors of the need for section of these vessels.
Endoscopic treatment of the fistulas after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Périssé Luís Gustavo Santos , Périssé Paulo Cezar Marques , Bernardo Júnior Celso
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

 to evaluate the use of endoscopic self-expandable metallic prostheses in the treatment of fistulas from sleeve gastrectomy and Roux en y gastric bypass.

METHODS:

 all patients were treated with fully coated auto-expandable metallic prostheses and were submitted to laparoscopic or CT-guided drainage, except for those with intracavitary drains. After 6-8 weeks the prosthesis was removed and if the fistula was still open a new prostheses were positioned and kept for the same period.

RESULTS:

 the endoscopic treatment was successful in 25 (86.21%) patients. The main complication was the migration of the prosthesis in seven patients. Other complications included prosthesis intolerance, gastrointestinal bleeding and adhesions. The treatment failed in four patients (13.7%) one of which died (3.4%).

CONCLUSION:

 endoscopic treatment with fully coated self-expandable prosthesis was effective in treating most patients with fistula after sleeve gastrectomy and roux en y gastric bypass.
Holmium Laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) versus Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
Authors: Barboza Luís Eduardo Durães , Malafaia Osvaldo , Slongo Luiz Edison , Meyer Fernando , Nassif Paulo Afonso Nunes , Tabushi Fernando Issamu , Wendler Eduardo , Beraldi Rafael Alexandre
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

to evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) - in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - in comparison to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

METHODS:

patients with symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia and candidates for surgical treatment were selected. Both procedures were explained and they had choosen HoLEP or TURP. At the hospital were collected: age, date of birth, international prostate symptom score, urinary peak flow rate, prostate volume, post-voiding residual urine, globular volume and serum PSA. At the procedure operating time, morcellating time (HoLEP), bladder mucosal injury and intercurrences were collected. At the first postoperative day, globular volume and sodium. Besides that were observed the catheter indwelling time and hospital stay and after 90 days, urinary peak flow rate and international prostate symptom score. Statistical analisys have been done partially by Sinpe(r) and also by a professional team.

RESULTS:

twenty patients in HoLEP group and 21 at TURP were operated. Baseline urinary peak flow rate was 8 ml/s in both groups and preoperative international prostate symptom score was 22 in HoLEP and 20 in TURP, very similar. Operative time was 85 minutes in HoLEP and 60 in TURP, p<0.05. Hospital stay was 47 hours for HoLEP and 48 hours to TURP, p<0.05. At 90 day the urinary peak flow rate was raised to 21.5 ml/s in HoLEP group and to 20 ml/s in TURP and the median of international prostate symptom score had been reduced to score 3 in both groups.

CONCLUSION:

HoLEP is a feasible technique and is as effective as TURP on symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia surgical treatment.
Effect of triamcinolone in keloids morphological changes and cell apoptosis
Authors: Santos João Márcio Prazeres dos , Souza Cláudio de , Vasconcelos Anílton César de , Nunes Tarcizo Afonso
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

to assess the effects of injectable triamcinolone on keloid scars length, height and thickness, and on the number of cells undergoing apoptosis.

METHODS:

This study consists in a prospective, controlled, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial, conducted with fifteen patients with ear keloids divided into two groups: group 1 - seven patients undergoing keloid excisions, and group 2 - eight patients undergoing keloid excisions after three sessions of infiltration with one ml of Triamcinolone hexacetonide (20mg/ml) with three week intervals between them and between the last session and surgery. The two groups were homogeneous regarding age, gender and evolution of the keloid scar. The keloid scars of patients in group 2 were measured for the length, height and thickness before triamcinolone injection and before surgery. A blinded observer performed morphological detailing and quantification of cells in hematoxylin-eosin-stained surgical specimens. An apoptotic index was created.

RESULTS:

 The apoptotic index in group 1 was 56.82, and in group 2, 68.55, showing no significant difference as for apoptosis (p=0.0971). The reduction in keloid dimensions in Group 2 was 10.12% in length (p=0.6598), 11.94% in height (p=0.4981) and 15.62% in thickness (p=0.4027).

CONCLUSION:

This study concluded that the infiltration of triamcinolone in keloid scars did not increase the number of apoptosit and did not reduce keloids' size, length, height or thickness.
Effect of cilostazol on neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries of pigs after transluminal angioplasty
Authors: Longhi Joel Alex , Pereira Adamastor Humberto
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

 to evaluate whether systemic administration of cilostazol reduces neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries of pigs submitted to balloon catheter angioplasty.

METHODS:

 twenty pigs underwent angioplasty with a 6x40 mm balloon catheter in the right common iliac artery, guided by Doppler ultrasound. The animals were randomized into two groups: group 1 (n=10), which received 50mg cilostazol twice a day, and group 2 (n=10), control. After 30 days, the animals were killed and the iliac arteries prepared for histological analysis. The histological sections were digitized and analyzed by digital morphometry. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t and Mann-Whitney tests.

RESULTS:

 when comparing the iliac arteries submitted to angioplasty with those not subjected to angioplasty, there was significant neointimal hyperplasia (0.228 versus 0.119 mm2; p=0.0001). In arteries undergoing angioplasty, there was no difference between group 1 (cilostazol) and group 2 (control) as for the lumen area (2.277 versus 2.575 mm2; p=0.08), the tunica intima (0.219 versus 0.237 mm2; p=0.64), the tunica media (2.262 vs. 2.393 mm2; p=0.53) and the neointimal occlusion percentage (8.857 vs. 9.257 %; p=0.82).

CONCLUSION:

 the use of cilostazol 50mg administered in two daily doses did not reduce neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries of pigs submitted to balloon angioplasty catheter.
Cell therapy in the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans in a murine model
Authors: Espinel Julio de Oliveira , Uribe Carolina , Meyer Fabíola Schons , Bringheti Rafael , Kulczynski Jane Ulbricht , Saueressig Maurício Guidi
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

 To evaluate the importance of stem cells derived from adipose tissue in reducing graft inflammation in a murine model of allogeneic heterotopic tracheal transplant.

METHODS:

 We performed a heterotopic tracheal allografting in dorsal subcutaneous pouch and systemically injected 5x105 mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue. The animals were divided into two groups according to the time of sacrifice: T7 and T21. We also carried out histological analysis and digital morphometry.

RESULTS:

 The T7 animals treated with cell therapy had median obstructed graft area of 0 versus 0.54 of controls (p = 0.635). The treated T21 subjects had median obstructed graft area of 0.25 versus 0 in controls (p = 0.041).

CONCLUSION:

 The systemically injected cell therapy in experimental murine model of bronchiolitis obliterans did not reduce the severity of the allograft inflammation in a statistically significant way in seven days; Conversely, in 21 days, it increased the allograft inflammatory process.
Proximal endovascular blood flow shunt for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurism without total aortic clamping
Authors: Espinosa Gaudencio , Tavares Rivaldo , Fonseca Felippe , Collares Alessandra , Lopes Marina , Fonseca Jose Luis , Steffan Rafael
Published: August 2015

The authors present a surgical approach to type III and IV Crawford aneurysms that does not need total aortic clamping, which allows the more objective prevention of direct ischemic damage, as well as its exclusion by the endoprosthesis implantation, shunting the flow to the synthetic graft.
A porcine model for teaching surgical cricothyridootomy
Authors: Netto Fernando Antonio Campelo Spencer , Zacharias Patricia , Cipriani Raphael Flavio Fachini , Constantino Michael De Mello , Cardoso Michel , Pereira Renan Augusto
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE:

 To evaluate the acceptability of an educational project using A porcine model of airway for teaching surgical cricothyroidotomy to medical students and medical residents at a university hospital in southern Brazil.

METHODS:

 we developed a teaching project using a porcine model for training in surgical cricothyroidotomy. Medical students and residents received lectures about this surgical technique and then held practical training with the model. After the procedure, all participants filled out a form about the importance of training in airway handling and the model used.

RESULTS:

 There were 63 participants. The overall quality of the porcine model was estimated at 8.8, while the anatomical correlation between the model and the human anatomy received a mean score of 8.5. The model was unanimously approved and considered useful in teaching the procedure.

CONCLUSION:

 the training of surgical cricothyroidotomy with a porcine model showed good acceptance among medical students and residents of this institution.
The writing of informed consent in accessible language: difficulties
Authors: Fernandes Nurimar C.
Published: August 2015

In order to assess the adequacy of informed consent terminology of research projects developed at the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) , we conducted a review study on the terminology found in 55 projects (2008-20013) . Such projects belonged to different medical specialties and were all registered in the hospital's Ethics in Research Committee. Patients had difficulty in understanding the meanings of 76 medical terms and expressions; only 12 of them could be replaced. On the other hand, the present study reached the conclusion that, in most cases, the writing with scientific terms is essential in items such as justification/objectives and procedures, being insurmountable obstacles to the participants of this research and patients' understanding.
A qualidade do ranking das escolas de ensino médio baseado no ENEM é questionável
Authors: Andrade Eduardo , Soida Ivan
Published: August 2015

Resumo

Este trabalho questiona a qualidade do ranking das escolas do ensino médio baseado no ENEM. Escolas menores tendem a apresentar desempenho: (i) mais extremado; (ii) com flutuações de curto prazo mais significativas; e (iii) com maior peso de “fatores não persistentes" na decomposição da variância da sua nota. Adicionalmente, o ranking tem um componente transitório importante, que tende a desaparecer na edição seguinte. Por fim, a probabilidade de uma escola manter, no futuro, uma determinada posição no ranking é relativamente baixa. Em suma, a qualidade das informações contida no ranking é baixa.
O desenvolvimento econômico: uma proposta de abordagem teórica evolucionária e institucionalista
Authors: Lopes Herton Castiglioni
Published: August 2015

Resumo

O trabalho objetiva propor uma abordagem teórica para analisar o desenvolvimento econômico unindo elementos da Teoria da Regulação (T.R.), do antigo institucionalismo de Veblen e da teoria evolucionária neoschumpeteriana. O texto congrega os conceitos de inovação, rotinas e revoluções tecnológicas, demonstrando que o crescimento emerge das firmas ao plano macroeconômico a partir do progresso técnico. Com a teoria da regulação se demonstra que as formas institucionais devem estar adequadas e fornecer o estímulo à inovação tecnológica e aproveitamento das janelas de oportunidade abertas pela revolução em curso. A essa análise, incorpora-se a noção de hábitos de pensamento de Veblen que, no plano microeconômico, representam as rotinas e afetam as inovações no interior das empresas. Os hábitos são ainda o elemento de sustentação da regulação macroeconômica, pois consolidam a configuração das formas institucionais que podem afetar a acumulação de capital e o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Enfim, entende-se o desenvolvimento a partir das formas institucionais, dos hábitos dos agentes, da inovação e do progresso técnico.
A dinâmica do enriquecimento paulista no século XIX: das origens à diversificação do capital da família Lacerda Franco
Authors: Silva Gustavo Pereira da
Published: August 2015

Resumo

O texto visa apreender a formação e diversificação da riqueza paulista durante o século XIX. A análise recai sobre os Lacerda Franco, importante família cujos membros principiaram economicamente em atividades de cunho interno (lavoura de mantimentos, criação e comércio de animais, produção de aguardente) nas terras próximas da vila de São Paulo e, posteriormente, migraram para o Oeste Paulista, tornando-se senhores de engenho e cafeicultores. Esse processo de enriquecimento aponta a formação de sociedades agrícolas, casa comissária e exportadora, indústria, banco, diversificando as formas de riqueza dentro do complexo exportador cafeeiro da segunda metade do XIX. O fio condutor do trabalho é a apreensão da dinâmica (movimento) desse processo, materializada, através da documentação da família e de suas empresas – o que diferencia o trabalho das análises correntes apoiadas de forma unívoca em inventários –, de suas estratégias econômicas, nas diferentes atividades que os enriqueceram e nas difusas formas de alocação do capital.
O papel das redes na mobilidade laboral de curta e longa distância: evidências para o Brasil formal
Authors: Lameira Verônica de Castro , Gonçalves Eduardo , Freguglia Ricardo da Silva
Published: August 2015

Resumo

Este artigo tem o objetivo de investigar os determinantes da mobilidade de trabalhadores de curta e longa distância entre microrregiões brasileiras no período 2004-2008, com ênfase no papel das redes de mobilidade preestabelecidas. São construídas matrizes de deslocamento por meio da base de dados Rais-Migra, empregando variáveis explicativas na forma de razão destino/origem, e utilizando como arcabouço metodológico os modelos para dados de contagem, a fim de identificar diferenças e similitudes desses fluxos de trabalhadores em relação a diferentes distâncias. Os resultados apresentam evidências consistentes com o histórico de atratividade das regiões para migração, indicando que redes ou conexões prévias facilitam a mobilidade espacial laboral. Além desses resultados, na mobilidade de curta distância o trabalhador se desloca para destinos com maiores densidade e proporção de graduados, além de menores criminalidade, congestionamento e grau de industrialização. Em longas distâncias, os fluxos são orientados para destinos com menores criminalidade, além de maiores saldos entre trabalhadores admitidos e desligados. A distância entre microrregiões sempre figura como fator inibidor da mobilidade, independente dos cortes de distância usados.
Sustainability of Brazilian fiscal policy, once again: corrective policy response over time
Authors: Luporini Viviane
Published: August 2015

Abstract

This paper estimates a fiscal reaction function for Brazil and investigates how the government's fiscal reaction has changed over time when controlling for cyclical variations in output and the relative participation of indexed debt. Using monthly data since 1991, we estimate a rolling reaction function with a one observation step and a sample-window of 12 observations. Our results indicate that the government's fiscal response has been such that a one percent increase in the debt-GDP ratio can be associated to an average increase in the primary surplus of approximately 0.096% over GDP or 9.6 basis points; the government's fiscal reaction has become more stable but less responsive to the debt-income level after 2000 and assumed a declining trend after 2006.
Existe realmente convergência de renda entre países?
Authors: Freitas Maria Viviana de , Almeida Eduardo
Published: August 2015

Resumo

A maioria dos trabalhos sobre convergência de renda pressupõe que os países são unidades geográficas isoladas, não considerando os efeitos espaciais (dependência e heterogeneidade) subjacentes. Este artigo investiga a análise de convergência de renda entre países, incorporando o efeito de vizinhança proporcionado pela interação espacial, e, portanto, controlando-se para os efeitos espaciais, dependência espacial e heterogeneidade espacial observável e não observável. Para se conseguir isso, foi construído um modelo de convergência espacial local para 148 países no período quinquenal entre 1985 e 2005, em primeiras diferenças, usando a técnica da Regressão Ponderada Geograficamente. Os principais resultados revelam a existência de múltiplos equilíbrios quando considerada a análise de convergência local. Um grupo de países se aproxima de um equilíbrio particular em virtude da existência de atributos correlatos ou porque se encontrava em uma localização inicial correspondente àquele equilíbrio, fato em consonância com a convergência em clubes ou múltiplos equilíbrios. A diferença, todavia, repousa no fato de que os intervalos de convergência aqui definidos são consequência de como o crescimento de um país se processa, em termos de seu próprio ritmo condicionado às suas características socioeconômicas iniciais, relativamente ao crescimento de outros países e não em relação a si mesmo. Além disso, em contraste com os clubes de convergência, esses intervalos de convergência são definidos ex-post, levando em consideração a dinâmica de crescimento específica a cada país.
Da Diplomacia do Dólar à Diplomacia da Boa Vizinhança: continuidades e diferenças na política dos Estados Unidos para a América Latina (1898-1933)
Authors: Bastos Pedro Paulo Zahluth
Published: August 2015

O artigo indaga as alterações e a continuidade da política dos EUA para a América Latina, com a substituição da Diplomacia do Dólar pela Boa Vizinhança nos anos 1930. Este também aborda de início a Diplomacia do Dólar, identificando suas origens antes do que tradicionalmente aceito. A conclusão é que tal política não conseguiu criar uma zona de influência segura na América do Sul, sendo ameaçada pela Grande Depressão, pela projeção alemã e pelo nacionalismo latino nos anos 1930. O artigo discute as origens da Política da Boa Vizinhança, rejeitando que priorizaria a segurança militar, em vez de objetivos econômicos: considerações econômicas continuavam essenciais, assumindo inclusive um papel mais estratégico do que antes por causa das necessidades de abertura de mercados para exportações, de garantias de importação de minerais e outros bens, e da pressão política de movimentos nacionalistas sobre filiais estadunidenses.
Relative price variability in Brazil: an analysis of headline and core inflation rates
Authors: Silva Cleomar Gomes da
Published: August 2015

The aim of this article is to study the causal relationship between inflation and relative price variability in Brazil. The period under analysis spans from January 1995 to June 2011. It focuses on both headline and core inflation rates, and also takes the inflation targeting regimeinto account. The time series analysis shows that: i) the correlation between inflation and relative price variability is positive and significant (the same applies to core inflation); ii) price dispersiondecreases after the implementation of inflation targeting; iii) there is bi-causality between Headline-IPCA and Headline-RPV, but causality from Core-IPCA to Core-RPV; iv) the impulse response functions show that shocks to Core-IPCA don't affect Core-RPV as much as shocks to Headline-IPCA affect Headline-RPV; v) the variance decomposition related to Core-IPCA and Core-RPV seems to be reduced when compared to headline inflation.
Desenvolvimento local e desconcentração industrial: uma análise da dinâmica do sistema local de empresas de eletrônica de Santa Rita do Sapucaí e suas implicações de políticas
Authors: Garcia Renato , Diegues Antonio Carlos , Roselino José Eduardo , Costa Ariana Ribeiro
Published: August 2015

Este trabalho tem como intuito principal a análise dos principais fatores que determinaram o dinamismo do sistema local de produção da indústria eletrônica de Santa Rita do Sapucaí. Assim, procura-se debater com os autores que advogam que a reconfiguração industrial brasileira após 1980, e a consequente formação de um polígono de desenvolvimento que se estende para vários estados, deriva da desconcentração industrial da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Como resultado, defende-se que os principais fatores responsáveis pelo dinamismo da indústria local foram: a disponibilidade de recursos humanos qualificados e de redes locais e externas de aprendizado, o pujante empreendedorismo local, a complementaridade produtiva e as interações entre instituições locais.
Thorstein Veblen entre seus pares economistas: um estudo sobre a audiência e a estrutura argumentativa de sua crítica sistemática ao pensamento econômico
Authors: Cavalieri Marco Antonio Ribas
Published: August 2015

Este artigo pretende contribuir com a tendência revisionista da biografia intelectual de Thorstein Veblen. Especificamente, almejamos estudar o lugar de Veblen entre os economistas de seu tempo nos Estados Unidos. Para tanto, analisamos a audiência, o contexto e a estrutura da argumentação que o fundador do institucionalismo usou em uma série de textos publicados entre 1898 e 1909. A essa série demos o nome de "crítica sistemática do pensamento econômico". Identificamos que Veblen estruturou seu argumento com a explícita intenção de costurar um acordo com sua audiência de economistas, utilizando para tal o expediente retórico de "reinvenção da tradição".
Uma contribuição ao desenvolvimento da Economia Política Internacional do Brasil
Authors: Racy Joaquim Carlos , Moura Júnior Álvaro Alves de , Falsarella Bruno , Gonçalves Laura
Published: August 2015

Este artigo tem por objetivo elencar alguns aspectos críticos da Economia Política Internacional - EPI em sua atual configuração, isto é, enquanto pretenso campo de reflexão e interpretação da realidade econômica e política internacional, bem como destacar brevemente elementos fundamentais do pensamento econômico para a compreensão das relações entre a economia e a política na esfera internacional emanados de autores clássicos. É o caso de Smith, Ricardo, List e Keynes, que tiveram forte envolvimento com questões com tal recorte. Nesse sentido, o trabalho tem caráter eminentemente exploratório e busca somente estimular um debate com o sentido de promover a construção de um marco fundamental para o desenvolvimento dessa área de pensamento e sua aplicabilidade no Brasil, resgatando inclusive seu conteúdo interdisciplinar. Por essa razão, exclui-se do escopo do artigo a análise marxista da realidade internacional que, por razões metodológicas, já se coloca nessa perspectiva.
Correlação e causalidade entre os preços de commoditiese energia
Authors: Bini Dienice Ana , Canever Mário Duarte , Denardim Anderson Antônio
Published: August 2015

Objetiva-se testar a cointegração e a causalidade entre os preços de energia e commodities agrícolas nas condições comercias do Brasil. Utilizando-se dados de preço mensais de 2000 a 2012 das commodities: petróleo, etanol, cana, milho, soja, taxa de câmbio, e ainda os preços americanos de milho e etanol. O petróleo e taxa de câmbio apresentaram coeficientes significativos a 10% para todos os produtos. O etanol foi significativo para a cana de açúcar, soja e milho, mostrando o entrelaçamento entre os preços de energia e produtos agrícolas no Brasil. Isso é evidenciado pelas relações significativas de cointegração da soja com a cana, etanol e milho. Identificou-se causalidade no sentido de Granger do milho e etanol americano para o etanol brasileiro, e do milho americano para o milho e a soja do Brasil. Pode-se concluir que há transmissão de preços das commodities energéticas para as commodities agrícolas e entre as commodities.
Crescimento pró-pobre ou empobrecedor? Uma análise para os estados brasileiros, no período 1995-2011
Authors: Oliveira Victor Rodrigues de , Jacinto Paulo de Andrade
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se os estados brasileiros apresentaram crescimento de natureza pró-pobre. Trata-se de um crescimento acompanhado por redução da desigualdade de renda e incremento nos níveis de renda média. Com base no método proposto por Duclos (2009), que permite se obterem resultados robustos para a classe de medidas pró-pobre considerando-se diversas linhas de pobreza e utilizando os microdados da PNAD, foi realizada uma análise para os períodos de 1995-2003 e 2003-2011. Os resultados indicaram que houve melhoria no bem-estar da população pobre no período como um todo, com maior ênfase no subperíodo 2003-2011. As evidências encontradas indicam que, a partir de 2003, há mudança significativa na qualidade do crescimento econômico, beneficiando principalmente a população pobre da área urbana. Contudo, esse movimento é acompanhado por um aumento no número dos estados com crescimento de natureza empobrecedora nas áreas rurais.
Persistência das desigualdades regionais no Brasil: polarização e divergência
Authors: Figueiredo Erik , Porto Junior Sabino
Published: August 2015

Este estudo pretende avaliar a dinâmica recente do desenvolvimento regional no Brasil. Para tanto, parte-se da premissa de que a queda recente nos indicadores de desigualdade de renda estaduais e municipais não denota um processo de convergência de renda. A adoção do conceito de polarização desenvolvido em Anderson, Linton & Leo (2012), demonstra que, ao dividir o Brasil nos subconjuntos Norte/Nordeste e Resto do País, há maior identificação dos estados e municípios dentro de cada grupo (pobres com pobres e ricos com ricos), e um aumento da distância entre eles. Neste sentido, a redução da desigualdade total reflete um processo de divergência de renda.