bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PB-MNSGA-II algorithm and its application for multi-objective optimization design of under-vehicle equipment
Authors: Shi Xinpeng , Li Yana , Zhang Shengfang , Zhang Zeyang
Published: October 2024

Structural damage caused to under-vehicle equipment under adverse working conditions affects the safe operation of high-speed electric multiple units (EMUs). To address the low optimization efficiency and take into account vibration fatigue in traditional under-vehicle equipment design, herein, a multi-objective optimization design method (PB-MNSGA-II) that combines particle swarm optimization-back propagation (PSO-BP) neural network and modified non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithm II (MNSGA-II) was proposed. It can help engineers choose better equipment component thickness and achieve efficient and accurate design. First, MNSGA-II, the core content of PB-MNSGA-II, was proposed, which improved four aspects of NSGA-II: Latin hypercube sampling population initialization, adaptive crossover and mutation probability, mutation interference of Levy flight strategy, and optimal elite strategy. Then, zero-ductility transition (ZDT) series functions were employed to test MNSGA-II, thereby verifying its convergence and computational efficiency. Subsequently, utilizing the frame structure of the traction transformer (TTR) as an illustrative example, the PB-MNSGA-II approach was employed to enable multi-objective optimization. During this optimization process, the focus was on random vibration fatigue damage, thus enhancing the rationality of the optimization outcomes. After structural optimization, the mass of the TTR decreased by 20.1 kg, and the maximum vibration fatigue damage value decreased from 1.09 to 0.808, verifying the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. The findings of this study provide important insights for the multi-objective optimization design of under-vehicle equipment under complex operating conditions.
A fundamental analytical model for micro topography of skived gear surface
Authors: Zheng Fangyan , Lu Yi , Han Xinghui , Hua Lin , Zhuang Wuhao , Hu Xuan
Published: October 2024

Surface topography is important for gear components, as it exerts influence on noise, wear, lubrication, and life expectancy. Different gear finishing processes result in varying micro tooth topographies, which lead to different driving and lubricating performances. The advanced technology of gear skiving, a recent industry application known for its high efficiency and flexibility in both roughing and finishing of cylindrical gears, has become the focus of extensive research. However, investigations into the micro topography of skived tooth flanks have been limited, primarily due to the absence of a highly efficient algorithm, which hinders the prediction and optimization of driving performance. By demonstrating that the skived surface can be obtained through the collection of micro-sections of the cutter trace in a specific order, this paper proposes a comprehensive analytical model for the micro topography of the skived surface. Both numerical and experimental studies reveal the topology texture, surface roughness, and the effects of the cutter and cutting settings. Results indicate that a higher installation angle, feed rate, and cutter tooth number are more effective in reducing roughness.
Talking of poverty: From the analytical to the political
Authors: Roelen Keetie
Published: October 2024

Poverty talk has far-reaching effects at personal and society level. Overwhelmingly negative narratives undermine mental health of people in poverty and forces them in a position to cope with, resist and contradict the fallacious stereotypes that are spread about them. Narratives are not shaped in a vacuum, nor are they value neutral. Power is at the heart of poverty discourse, with words carefully curated to create and reinforce societal hierarchies and inequalities. Building on the contributions in this special issue, this conclusion therefore argues that studies of poverty discourse cannot confine themselves to the analytical but must also engage with the political.
Modeling the predictors of health information avoidance behavior: Implications from the stimulus organism response (S-O-R) theory
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Zhang Su , Naeem Salman Bin
Published: October 2024

The study aimed at modeling the factors that influence health information avoidance behavior, as well as measuring and validating the stimulus organism response (S-O-R) theory. A seven-factor (information overload, information sources exposure, risk perception, health information anxiety, cognitive dissonance, sadness, and health information avoidance) measurement model was used to estimate the health information avoidance behavior using the structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings show that risk perception had a significant positive influence on sadness (β = 0.492, CR = 7.445, p < 0.05), information overload exerts a significant positive impact on cognitive dissonance (β = 0.174, CR = 2.192, p < 0.05) and sadness significantly influence health information avoidance (β = 0.174, CR = 2.342, p < 0.05). Information overload exhibits a positive, but statistically non-significant influence on health information anxiety (β = 0.83, CR = 1.094, p > 0.05). The findings of SEM demonstrate acceptable model fit indices: χ2 = 1.493, DF = 732; p = 0.000; IFI = 0.931; and TLI = 0.925, CFI = 0.930, SRMR = 0.045, RMSEA = 0.044. The study concludes that risk perception, sadness, and information overload are the main predictors of health information avoidance behavior. Other factors such as health information anxiety, exposure to different information sources, and cognitive dissonance had a non-significant impact on information avoidance behavior. The findings hold significant global relevance, potentially contributing to improved information-seeking behavior research. Our study also contributes to the advancement of the S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) framework
The Communicative Principle of Relevance
Authors: Scott-Phillips Thom
Published: October 2024

Any behavior humans can perform, they can be performed in an “ostensive” way, that is, overtly attracting attention and providing evidence of meaning. The communicative principle of relevance is a lawlike generalization about ostensive stimuli and hence about human communication. Here I present the principle as a pair of simple and general empirical statements: one on the audience side and one on the communicator side. I also summarize recent developments: Experimental tests have proved supportive, theoretical analyses have connected the principle to evolutionary and developmental perspectives, and the principle has been used more broadly than before, far beyond the traditional domains of semantics and pragmatics. These developments consolidate the communicative principle of relevance as fundamental to understanding human interaction.
Matalili-Aga Gahua: Development of the Matalili Framework as a Holistic Model for the Well-being of the Niue People
Authors: Togiamua Elviso , Eruthayam Cecily , Lau Kelvin
Published: October 2024

Culturally appropriate research frameworks are needed for investigating Pacific well-being. This study expanded on existing Pacific methodologies and presented a well-being research framework by studying the Niue community. Traditional storytelling or talanoa methodology, referred to as tala in the Niue context, was used to explore and understand the lived experiences of well-being from Niue elders. The elders described traditional activities and objects that are required to sustain well-being, as well as relationships with family, community, and the environment. Three interconnected principles that influence the well-being of the Niue people emerged from the tala, namely, Vahā Loto-Agaaga Ofania (Spirit of Care), Fakafetuiaga (Inclusive Relationship), and Fakamalolo (Empowerment). Using a Niue lens, the key three principles were developed into the Matalili-Aga Gahua (Matalili Wellbeing Framework), based on a circular woven pattern that is distinctive to the Niue culture. The principles of the Matalili Wellbeing Framework are proposed as a guide in future Niue-centered research.
Using sport to promote the well-being among Latinx immigrants in the United States
Authors: Alanis Melody , Cunningham George B. , Brison Natasha T. , Lee Hyun-Woo
Published: October 2024

Drawing upon the theoretical frameworks of Latino Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) and Sport for Development and Peace Theory, this study seeks to examine the potential of sport participation, physical activity, and community programs as mechanisms for addressing the challenges confronted by Latinx immigrants in the United States. The research is anchored by two primary questions: What social, legal, and economic challenges are encountered by Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals recipients, undocumented individuals, and the broader Latinx community in the United States, and how might involvement in sports, physical activity, and community events help mitigate these challenges. To investigate these questions, an ethnographic methodology was adopted, with data collected over a 13-week period in a predominantly Latinx community in Houston, Texas. The research findings underscore the resilience demonstrated by these individuals in response to the complex challenges within US society and highlight the crucial role of community-oriented sports and cultural programs in fostering inclusivity. The authors provide a comprehensive analysis of the findings and offer recommendations for future practical initiatives centered on community-oriented approaches.
Determining diagnostic sensitivity loss limits for sample pooling in duplex rtPCR surveillance testing: Theileria orientalis and Anaplasma marginale
Authors: Burgess Catharine , Todd S. Michelle , Hungerford Laura , Lahmers Kevin
Published: October 2024

To expand surveillance testing capacity through sample pooling, a thorough understanding is needed of how sample dilution through pooling affects the sensitivity of candidate assays. We validated a robust and representative framework for assessing the dilution effect of sample pooling using duplex rtPCR surveillance of Theileria orientalis and Anaplasma marginale, both of which are causative agents of severe anemia in cattle and a serious threat to the cattle industry in Virginia and many other states. We used 200 known-positive samples with Ct values representative of typical surveillance results in a series of pools in which we re-tested each sample individually, followed by each sample diluted in equal volumes with negative samples to make pools of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 total samples. We compared the Ct values of the individual positives with the Ct values of each pool size to determine if Ct values increase past the limit of detection in the 45-cycle assay. We observed a maximum of 2% sensitivity loss (no more than 2 of 100 samples returned a false-negative result) for both T. orientalis and A. marginale during the pooling series, with lower-than-expected average Ct increase and sensitivity loss. We conclude that pooling up to 10 samples would be acceptable for regional surveillance of T. orientalis and A. marginale using our rtPCR assay. The described strategy is applicable to validate pooling for a wide range of single and duplex rtPCR assays, which could expand efficient disease surveillance.
Different Positions of Weightbearing CT Images Can Influence the Hindfoot Alignment Evaluation Using 2-Dimensional Methodology
Authors: Zhu Mingjie , Gu Wanjun , Wang Chao , Sun Songmin , Sempson Sera , Zhang Mingzhu , Hunt Kenneth J. , Myerson Mark S. , Li Shuyuan
Published: October 2024

Background:

Three-dimensional weightbearing CT (WBCT) has been widely used to assess foot and ankle alignment. However, most current measurement methods are based on 2-dimensional concepts—distance, long axis, angulation, etc—and are sensitive to changes in orientation of the WBCT images. This study demonstrated how changes in positioning of the image can significantly influence the evaluation of hindfoot alignment.

Methods:

WBCT scans of 10 feet without deformities were used. In the horizontal view, the long axis of the foot image was aligned to a neutral position and then rotated 5, 10, 15, and 20 degrees both internally and externally to simulate malposition. The Calcaneal Moment Arm (CMA) was measured by 2 investigators independently in the above positions. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) model was used to assess the intra- and interobserver reliabilities. The correlation between the CMA and the rotation angle of the foot images was analyzed using linear regression.

Results:

The CMA measurements demonstrated that internal rotation of the image changed the neutral hindfoot into valgus, whereas external rotation led to varus. A 1-degree internal or external rotation of the image correlated with 0.48 (±0.03) mm increase or decrease in the modified WBCT-CMA value ( P < .0001, R2 = 0.6406).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that although 3D WBCT provides the ability to observe the foot from different perspectives, current alignment evaluation tools are limited to 2 dimensions. Therefore, positioning the WBCT images in a consistent orientation is important to generate correct data.
Spectral element method for random vibration analysis of the vehicle-track coupling system
Authors: Xu Jinhui , Ye Youlin , Ma Xiaochuan , Wang Ping , Liu Quanmin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose a new random vibration analysis model for the vertical vehicle-track coupling system, which combines the symplectic method and the spectral element method (SEM) to enhance calculation efficiency and accuracy. The model assumed that the vehicle is composed of a multi-rigid body with 10 DOFs, and its motion equation is derived using the traditional frequency analysis method. Tracks are considered periodic structures, and the part between sleeper support points is considered a substructure. The motion equation of the periodic track-substructure is established by spectral element method (SEM), and the propagation of vibration wave between the substructures is calculated by the symplectic method. The frequency responses of the vehicle-track coupling system are calculated by using the German low-interference irregularity spectrum and short-wave irregularity spectrum as excitation. Then, the rationality of this method is verified by comparing it with the results from the traditional symplectic method and simulations using Universal Mechanism software. The comparison shows that this method surpasses the traditional symplectic method in high-frequency accuracy while maintaining high computational efficiency. Although the finite element method also has the capability for high-frequency analysis, this method can calculate the high-frequency vibration of an infinitely long track using just one element, making it more suitable for the efficient analysis of vehicle-track coupling systems. Finally, the model is applied to analyze the distribution characteristics of the vibration response of the coupled system in the frequency domain.
Rehistoricizing Black Masculinity in The Wonder Years Reboot
Authors: Grant Rachel , Markovich Hayley
Published: October 2024

Popular entertainment remains one of the last places where Black history lives on despite the recent political erasure of U.S. Black struggles. The 2021 reboot of The Wonder Years, reframing Black masculinity through the young eyes of main character Dean Williams, rehistoricizes modern notions of Black families in the post-Civil Rights Movement. The purpose of this study is to explore Black masculinity media representations within reboot culture as a means to rehistoricize Black struggle and civil rights. Based on discourse analysis, the authors found the following three discourses: Reimagining Black Excellence, Recontextualizing Black Masculinity, and Revisiting Respectability Politics.
Tube Tip in Pharynx (TTIP) Ventilation—a Simple Rescue Technique in Limited Resource Settings
Authors: Ellefsen Sandra , Stubager Anja B. , Kristensen Michael S.
Published: October 2024

Airway devices may be scarce in limited resource situations, such as prehospital settings or austere environments. Tube tip in pharynx (TTIP) ventilation is a simple, one-handed technique that may prove valuable for ensuring airway control in a life-threatening situation. The technique only requires a standard cuffed endotracheal tube and a self-inflating bag. This case report illustrates a scenario where both bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation and intubation failed, and the TTIP technique was utilized successfully several times during the case management. This case report illustrates that TTIP may be a useful technique, especially in limited resource settings. It is easy to learn, takes seconds to perform, and has minimal equipment requirements. The case report is reported according to the CARE guidelines. Informed consent from the patient is obtained.
Combined treatment with ruxolitinib and MK-2206 inhibits ERα activity by inhibiting MAPK signaling in BT474 breast cancer cells
Authors: Celik Esin Guvenir , Eroglu Onur
Published: October 2024

Triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) is a type of breast cancer that overexpresses estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). Dysregulation of ER signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. ERα activation triggers the production of second messengers, including cAMP, leading to the activation of signals such as PI3K/AKT or Ras/MAPK. Ruxolitinib is a specific inhibitor of JAK1/JAK2. MK-2206 is an allosteric inhibitor of the Akt. The limitations of the use of ruxolitinib and MK-2206 as single agents necessitate the development of combination therapies with other drugs. This study is the first to investigate the effects of combining ruxolitinib with MK-2206 on MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling in BT474 breast cancer cells. In addition, this work aimed to increase the anticancer effects of cotreatment with MK-2206 and ruxolitinib. Ruxolitinib, MK-2206, and their combination reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as determined by MTT assays after 48 h of treatment. Colony formation and wound healing assays demonstrated that MK-2206 exhibited a synergistic anti-proliferative effect. The effects of ruxolitinib, MK-2206, and their combination on PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling were assessed via western blotting. Ruxolitinib and MK-2206 combined treatment inhibit cell death in BT474 cells by downregulating ERα, Src-1, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and c-Jun. Our results revealed the relationships among the ERα, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK signaling pathways in ER+ breast cancer cells. Understanding the interactions among ERα, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and MAPK could lead to novel combination therapies.
Inhibitory Effect of TCF7L2 on Pancreatic β-Cell Dedifferentiation via ERK/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Diabetes
Authors: Wu Hui-Hui , Ma Qian-Wen , Liu Yi-Meng , Wu Xia , Wen Jie
Published: October 2024

Background:

Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) variants seem to affect diabetes susceptibility through β-cell dysfunction, underlying basis of which has been considered to be β-cell dedifferentiation rather than apoptotic β-cell death. The Extracellular regulated protein kinases/Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway (ERK/MAPK signaling pathway) has been confirmed to be significantly associated with multiple cellular process, including cellular dedifferentiation. However, the effects of TCF7L2 on β-cell function and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway are poorly understood.

Objectives:

This study aimed to elucidate the regulation of TCF7L2 in β-cell function and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, which further participate in glucose metabolism and diabetes progression.

Methods:

After transfection of TCF7L2 siRNA and lenti-TCF7L2 plasmids, the activation of ERK/MAPK signaling and β-cell dedifferentiation were evaluated respectively. Six week-old male db/ db mice were randomly grouped and fed a normal or high-fat diet, and then pancreatic level of TCF7L2 protein were measured respectively when the mice were fed to 8, 12, and 16 weeks of age. Furthermore, the contributions of TCF7L2 to ERK/MAPK signaling and glucose metabolism were investigated in a β-cell-specific TCF7L2 deletion mice model (TCF7L2β−/−).

Results:

The results demonstrated that impaired TCF7L2 induces β-cell dedifferentiation and decreases insulin secretion of MIN6 cells via ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Consistently, decreased pancreatic TCF7L2 protein in parallel with reduced functional β-cells were observed in db/ db mice after weeks of normal or high-fat diet. However, the differences between were only significant when the mice were fed to 12 weeks of age. After weeks of high-fat diet feeding, impaired glucose tolerance and increased activation of ERK/MAPK signaling were simultaneously observed in TCF7L2β−/− mice.

Conclusion:

The study indicate that the induction of β-cell dedifferentiation mediated by ERK/MAPK signaling pathway might be an essential component of TCF7L2 variants in the development of diabetes.
Dialogue and tension within the self: The case of a humanitarian psychologist
Authors: Lima Leonardo Silva , Ristum Marilena
Published: October 2024

This study addresses the importance of considering the self as a tensional, rather than homeostatic entity. We adopt a dialogical self perspective, which conceives it as a construct marked by the interaction between I-positions, and the notion of tensegrity, according to which tension is structuring the functioning of the self. This study’s objective is to analyze the interactions between the I-positions that constitute the self of a psychologist working in a humanitarian institution, considering life changes this person faced when choosing to work as a humanitarian. We present an instrumental case study. Data collection methods included logs, mission notes, media interviews, sociodemographic questionnaires, and a narrative interview. Our findings revealed a central role of I-positions such as “I as humanitarian,” “I as psychologist,” and “I as caregiver” in shaping the participant’s self, alongside the influence of positions related to family and self-care, like “I as daughter” and “I as a cared-for person.” The participant encountered conflicting decisions, highlighting the coexistence of tensions between different I-positions. This suggests that humanitarian work involves dynamic processes of adaptation, challenging the harmony of the self. Through this study, we aim to contribute insights that expand our understanding of conflicting aspects of identity.
Stories of absence: Experiences of parental and familial rejection among gender-diverse children and young people
Authors: McKay Kathy , Kennedy Eilis , Wright Talen , Young Bridget
Published: October 2024

Previous research has demonstrated the positive associations with parental support with better mental health outcomes in gender-diverse young people. However, less is known about what happens within a family structure if an unsupportive parent or family member leaves the family unit and sees the child only on the condition that they present in a way that conforms to their birth gender. This paper will focus on the first interviews with nine families within the wider sample of 39 families in the LOGIC-Q (Longitudinal Outcomes of Gender Identity in Children – qualitative) study who reported they had experienced rejection by a parent or family member after the young person had disclosed their gender non-conformity. These families’ narratives are examined through two themes: How rejection impacts visitation, and Moving past the loss of rejection. The families all spoke about how they had adapted to the loss of their family members. They described how any negative impact would have been worse had they stayed living together, or were in contact with, the rejecting family member. Here, it becomes important then to understand the context of why a gender-diverse young person may choose to no longer see a parent or family member.
Electro-discharge machining using copper-coated additively-manufactured AlSi10Mg electrodes
Authors: Sahu Anshuman Kumar , Mahapatra Siba Sankar , Patterson Albert E , Leite Marco , Peças Paulo , Singh Yogesh , Sahoo Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Customized fabrication of electrodes for electro-discharge machining (EDM) is considered as a useful emerging application of metal additive manufacturing technologies for building complex shaped tools in a short period of time. This approach of producing electrodes not only effectively addresses the design flexibility and complexity issues of the tools but also enables the use of various materials so as to ingrain the desired properties in them. The current study explores the production of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AlSi10Mg tools for machining of titanium alloy. Moreover, it explicitly assesses the machining performance of additively manufactured electrodes when the tools are subjected to a thin layer of copper coating. Three types of acidic baths are used for electroless coating of tools. The machining performance of the tools in terms of material removal rate, tool wear rate, surface crack density, surface roughness, white layer thickness, and microhardness of the white layer is compared for different electroless copper coating processes. It is observed that the coated tools significantly enhance material removal rate; however, uncoated LPBF tools exhibit superior surface morphology and surface roughness.
Exploring the mechanisms of tourist well-being: An application of cognitive appraisal theory and self-determination theory
Authors: Lee You Jia , Pang Sharon FH , Choi Hwansuk Chris , Yu Michael , Lee Hoyoung
Published: October 2024

Previous research has established that tourism can bring happiness and well-being to tourists. However, the specific mechanisms by which travel leads to well-being are not yet fully understood. To address this knowledge gap, this study integrated Cognitive Appraisal Theory (CAT) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to predict tourist well-being. The study employed a quantitative approach and used a sample population of tourists who had traveled abroad for at least 3 days in the past 12 months. Data was collected from an online panel owned by the Centre of Tourism Research in Prince Edward Island (PEI), resulting in a final sample size of 396. Two-step analysis, including Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), was performed on the data. The findings support the predictions of CAT and SDT and establish connections between the theories. Specifically, the study found that SDT's psychological needs of autonomy and relatedness mediate the relationship between the positive emotions elicited by the trip and tourists’ psychological well-being.
Versatile video assignment improves undergraduates’ learning and confidence
Authors: Cardace Amy , Hefferon Kathleen , Levina Anna , Angert Esther R , Buckley Daniel H , Miller William , Sanfilippo Lisa , Silva Tom , Aslan Carolyn
Published: October 2024

This mixed methods study examines an explanatory video assignment designed to operationalize contemporary theory about cognition, metacognition, and inclusive teaching. This project grew from a professional learning community of post-doctoral teaching fellows who were involved in course redesign as part of a campus-wide active learning initiative. A team of pedagogical experts, teaching fellows, and faculty designed this video assignment to increase opportunities for students to share their perspectives while practicing a powerful learning strategy. Instructional teams implemented different versions of the video assignment in three courses across two departments. An experimental research component isolated the impact of the assignment on learning and confidence, and a mix of quantitative and qualitative analyses provided evidence about students’ experiences with the assignment. We found that students expressed learning and confidence gains beyond those due to typical course activities. Qualitative evidence suggested that students experienced the assignment as valuable for their learning and that the assignment enhanced self-expression. The assignment was effective in both face-to-face and remote settings, implemented either as a course requirement or extra-credit option. This versatile video assignment presents a practical way to enrich the student experience.
Democratic self-determination and the need for deliberation
Authors: Ly Minh
Published: October 2024

I offer in this paper a new conception of democratic self-determination. My proposal defends Rafanelli's peaceful reform intervention from the concern that we should not promote justice abroad, because it would interfere with the self-determining choice of other people to select an authoritarian government. I challenge this influential view of authoritarian self-determination. I argue instead that self-determination should be democratic in its input, or the procedure deliberating and voting on the constitution. Self-determination should also be democratic in its output, or the constitution's rules. Democratic self-determination offers three important advantages: it joins self-determination indivisibly with other inalienable human rights, such as the human right to racial non-discrimination. Second, it guards against the problem of the false mandate, or authoritarians attempting to legitimate their autocratic rule using rigged referenda and suppressed debate. Third, democratic self-determination reduces the risk of ethnic conflict given the diversity of actual states. Democratic self-determination passes the a ctual deliberation test, since it has been vindicated by inclusive deliberation with people from diverse cultures.
Romantic Functioning in the Aftermath of Adult Sexual Assault: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fava Destiny , Zweben Daniel , Gust Laura
Published: October 2024

This scoping review investigates the influence of Adult Sexual Assault (ASA) on romantic functioning through an analysis of 16 studies. Four databases were searched (Google Scholar, PsycINFO, Taylor & Francis Online, and ProQuest) in June 2023 for relevant published and grey literature. Emphasis was placed on conducting analyses solely among individuals who had experienced ASA, defined in this context as non-consensual sexual contact occurring at or after the age of 18 years. The review highlighted several factors explored in existing literature, encompassing relationship satisfaction, sexual functioning, partner effects, risk assessment, and protective factors. Results yielded mixed findings on the effects of ASA on relationships and sexual functioning. Insights from the partners of individuals who have experienced ASA illuminate emotional repercussions and communication disruptions, highlighting the intricate relationship dynamics affected by ASA within romantic relationships. Moreover, the review identifies protective factors, such as enhanced relationship communication and partner support, potentially mitigating adverse romantic outcomes. The review also revealed shortcomings in the existing literature, including sparse research on ASA, limited demographic representation, and inadequate control between adult and child sexual assault. These insights inform evidence-based interventions, policy development, and future research directions, highlighting the need for tailored approaches to address ASA’s multifaceted impact on survivors’ romantic well-being.
Recovering Hope and a Sense of Agency Through Transformative Education for Internationally Educated Healthcare Professionals in Canada
Authors: Briciu Bianca , Ste-Marie Lorraine , Léa-Langlois Michèle
Published: October 2024

This study examines the outcomes of transformative education in the program Fostering Canadian Integration for IEHPs: From Learning to Action, created to accompany internationally educated health professionals (IEHPs) in the difficult journey to find fair professional employment in Canada. It shows the importance of self-reflection, a learning community and a welcoming, participatory approach to learning that led to cognitive, emotional and conative transformation for participants. Increased self-awareness of their life journey and emotional patterns, together with critical understanding of their worldviews and new reality supported the participants in the recovery of hope and a sense of agency.
Influence of explosive type and constant γ in Mott’s stochastic model on terminal-ballistics parameters of high-explosive warheads using numerical simulations
Authors: Catovic Alan
Published: October 2024

The research examined the use of numerical simulations for high-explosive (HE) munitions. Lagrange and Euler solvers from Ansys Autodyn, whose brief theoretical synopsis is given, were utilized. Numerical program modeling of materials under dynamic loads (explosives and solid bodies) is also explained. The study also provides a brief summary of relevant research works that address numerical simulations of the fragmentation of HE projectiles (warheads). First, using data from other authors, the numerical model in this paper was effectively validated. The original research in the publication included an evaluation of the influence of explosive type on mass distribution, as well as velocity and the kinetic energy of fragments on cylindrical warheads, along with some recommendations and findings. Results show that ordered by values of initial fragment velocity are explosives: Trinitrotoluen (TNT), H6, Comp. B, Octol, PBX-9404-3, and LX-10-1. Explosives LX-10-1 and PBX-9404-3 showed similar performance because both explosives are HMX-based mixtures, with LX-10-1 having 0.5% more Octogen (HMX). The greatest (fastest) expansion of fragments (for the given time frame of 150 µs) is present in the most potent explosives (LX-10-1 and PBX-9404-3) since they have the largest detonation velocities. In the configurations with stronger explosives (Octol, LX-10-1, PBX-9404-3), the front and rear cover of the cylinder is more fragmented than in the case of weaker explosives. The highest number of fragments is obtained with PBX-9404-3 explosive, 142% higher than using TNT charge. Also, as part of the original research in the paper, an assessment of the influence of the constant γ in Mott’s stochastic fragmentation model on the mass distribution of fragments and their kinetic energy was made. Results indicate that constant γ has the greatest influence on the number of very small fragments, which can be used when calibrating this constant with experimental data. The masses of fragments are relatively uniform (for all γ values) up to the mass group of 50–100 g, above which the most massive fragments are obtained when γ = 5. Most of the fragments have relatively high energy where that is, fragments of mass 0.5–2 g have an average kinetic energy of 470–650 J, while fragments of masses 50–100 g have an average kinetic energy of 50–85 kJ. Described numerical simulations are a valuable tool for HE warhead designers, as they can minimize the time and expense associated with optimizing HE munition design and effectiveness evaluation when used in conjunction with available analytical techniques and experimentation procedures.
A Qualitative Study Exploring the Process of Turning a Mixed Methods Doctoral Dissertation Into a Journal Article: Perspectives From Recent Doctorates in the United States
Authors: Perez Analay , McCallops Kathleen , Howell Michelle C. , Toraman Turk Sinem
Published: October 2024

Despite guidelines on mixed methods writing practices, the process of turning a mixed methods dissertation into a peer-reviewed publication is unknown, which may hinder scientific advancements and the use of mixed methods research across disciplines. This qualitative study explored recent doctorates’ experiences across three dimensions (i.e., critical decisions about the process, challenges, and recommendations for scholars) through nine semi-structured interviews. We identified themes under each dimension, respectively: (a) considerations for authorship decisions, disentangling the publication process, and the role of support systems; (b) challenges preparing a manuscript for submission and challenges with the journal review process; and (c) the value of time for publication process. This study contributes to the field of mixed methods research by offering empirical evidence and insights.
A Call for the Implementation of Physical Activity as a Vital Sign (PAVS) During Pregnancy
Authors: Sparks Joshua R. , Ruiz-Ramie Jonathan J. , Kishman Erin E. , Wang Xuewen
Published: October 2024

Despite decades of research and clinical insights on the importance of physical activity during pregnancy for maternal and infant health, over 75% of pregnant individuals do not meet general physical activity guidelines of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical each week. This may be due to several barriers that restrict engagement in physical activity during pregnancy. Without providing individualized facilitators to overcome these respective barriers, physical activity engagement during pregnancy may be severely limited and/or reduced. This literary review presents the challenges specific populations face and strategies to facilitate the inclusion of physical activity as a vital sign (PAVS) during pregnancy to assist individuals to engage in and maintain physical activity throughout pregnancy. Additionally, the Exercise is Medicine’s global initiative’s ability to assist in implementing PAVS during pregnancy is discussed. We conclude by defining recommendations for routine prenatal care to consider PAVS to aid pregnant individuals in meeting physical activity guidelines.
Telemedicine networks for acute stroke: An analysis of global coverage, gaps, and opportunities
Authors: Tunkl Christine , Agarwal Ayush , Ramage Emily , Velez Faddi Saleh , Roushdy Tamer , Ullberg Teresa , Li Linxin , Carbonera Leonardo A , Yusof Khan Abdul Hanif Khan , Ciopleias Bogdan , Law Zhe Kang , Katsanos Aristeidis H , Heldner Mirjam R , Khan Maria , Matuja Sarah , Alet Matias J , Lagos-Servellón Javier , Minhas Jatinder S , Zuurbier Susanna M , Mosconi Maria Giulia , Lotlikar Radhika , Elkady Ahmed , Gerner Stefan T , Shreyan Shirsho , Krauss Alexandra , Gumbinger Christoph , Srivastava Padma , Kiper Pawel , Ohannessian Robin , Berberich Anne , Sampaio Silva Gisele , Ranta Anna
Published: October 2024

Background:

Despite the proven efficacy of telestroke in improving clinical outcomes by providing access to specialized expertise and allowing rapid expert hyperacute stroke management and decision-making, detailed operational evidence is scarce, especially for less developed or lower income regions.

Aim:

We aimed to map the global telestroke landscape and characterize existing networks.

Methods:

We employed a four-tiered approach to comprehensively identify telestroke networks, primarily involving engagement with national stroke experts, stroke societies, and international stroke authorities. A carefully designed questionnaire was then distributed to the leaders of all identified networks to assess these networks’ structures, processes, and outcomes.

Results:

We identified 254 telestroke networks distributed across 67 countries. High-income countries (HICs) concentrated 175 (69%) of the networks. No evidence of telestroke services was found in 58 (30%) countries. From the identified networks, 88 (34%) completed the survey, being 61 (71%) located in HICs. Network setup was highly heterogeneous, ranging from 17 (22%) networks with more than 20 affiliated hospitals, providing thousands of annual consultations using purpose-built highly specialized technology, to 11 (13%) networks with fewer than 120 consultations annually using generic videoconferencing equipment. Real-time video and image transfer was employed in 64 (75%) networks, while 62 (74%) conducting quality monitoring. Most networks established in the past 3 years were located in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Conclusion:

This comprehensive global survey of telestroke networks found significant variation in network coverage, setup, and technology use. Most services are in HICs, and a few services are in LMICs, although an emerging trend of new networks in these regions marks a pivotal moment in global telestroke care. The wide variation in quality monitoring practices across networks, with many failing to report key performance metrics, underscores the urgent need for standardized, resource-appropriate, quality assurance measures that can be adapted to diverse settings.
Stroke recurrence after transcatheter PFO closure in patients with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Goessinger Bea , Greisenegger Stefan , Kastl Stefan , Rosenhek Raphael , Serles Wolfgang , Hengstenberg Christian , Gabriel Harald , Schrutka Lore
Published: October 2024

Background:

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is recommended for secondary prevention of cryptogenic stroke. However, data on long-term results are limited. We aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of transcatheter PFO closure and predict neurologic recurrence.

Methods:

Data from patients undergoing PFO closure between 2010 and 2015 were collected to assess the combined endpoint of transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, or death from stroke at short- and long-term follow-up.

Results:

330 patients were included, mean age was 49 (±12) years, and 55.5% were male. Before PFO closure, 86% experienced a stroke and 19% multiple neurological events. Procedure-related complications occurred in 2.4% of patients. Over a median follow-up of 10 years, the combined endpoint occurred in 3.6%, with a recurrence rate of 0.38 per 100 patient-years. Freedom from the combined endpoint at 5 and 10 years was 97.5% and 96.2%, respectively. New-onset atrial fibrillation was detected in 3%. The Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) score (adjHR: 0.68; p = 0.032), the PFO-Associated Stroke Causal Likelihood (PASCAL) classification system (adjHR: 0.37; p = 0.042), and a history of prior neurological events (adjHR: 9.94; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of future recurrent neurologic events. Age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors did not influence outcomes.

Conclusion:

In this real-world cohort, transcatheter PFO closure was associated with low long-term recurrence of neurologic events, especially cryptogenic strokes. The RoPE score, the PASCAL score, and history of previous neurological events were predictive of recurrent events. This study supports the safety and efficacy of PFO closure for secondary prevention of cryptogenic strokes, and underscores the importance of patient selection.
Women as cultural agents: Double coloniality, gender and diasporic memories of ethnic Greek Georgian women
Authors: Sideri Eleni
Published: October 2024

In 2021, the world commemorated the 30th anniversary of the end of the Cold War, a half-century of ideological rivalry and divisions that left few societies untouched. ‘Cold War state of mind’, as the title of the book of Matthew Dune stated, with the primacy it gave to nation-states, overlooked issues of not belonging in dominant majorities and hegemonic cultures, for example, ethnic minorities and diasporas. In this framework, Greek-speaking communities in the former Soviet Union seemed to draw from their cultural background to become rooted in the Soviet ethnic mosaic but also to increase their social capital which in the 1990s turned to an important transnational value due to the migrant flows from Georgia to Greece. This article follows the life stories of two ethnic Greek women over the time of three decades through their memories since the 1980s, from the Black Sea region to Greece, to discuss how they address the post-socialist demand for an integration to the free market and how their double coloniality as Soviet and diasporic subjects interweaves with this demand.
Evaluation of preoperative cardiopulmonary reserve and surgical risk of patients undergoing lung cancer resection
Authors: Petrella Francesco , Cara Andrea , Cassina Enrico Mario , Faverio Paola , Franco Giovanni , Libretti Lidia , Pirondini Emanuele , Raveglia Federico , Sibilia Maria Chiara , Tuoro Antonio , Vaquer Sara , Luppi Fabrizio
Published: October 2024

Lung cancer represents the second most frequent neoplasm and the leading cause of neoplastic death among both women and men, causing almost 25% of all cancer deaths. Patients undergoing lung resection—both for primary and secondary tumors—require careful preoperative cardiopulmonary functional evaluation to confirm the safety of the planned resection, to assess the maximum tolerable volume of resection or to exclude surgery, thus shifting the therapeutic approach toward less invasive options. Cardiopulmonary reserve, pulmonary lung function and mechanical respiratory function represent the cornerstones of preoperative assessment of patients undergoing major lung resection. Spirometry with carbon monoxide diffusing capacity, split function tests, exercise tests and cardiologic evaluation are the gold standard instruments to safely assess the entire cardiorespiratory function before pulmonary resection. Although pulmonary mechanical and parenchymal function, together with cardiorespiratory compliance represent the mainstay of preoperative evaluation in thoracic surgery, the variables that are responsible for fitness in patients who have undergone lung resection have expanded and are being continually investigated. Nevertheless, because of the shift to older patients who undergo lung resection, a global approach is required, taking into consideration variables like frailty status and likelihood of postoperative functional deterioration. Finally, the decision to go ahead with surgery in fragile patients being consideredfor lung resection should be evaluated in a multispecialty preoperative discussion to provide a personalized risk stratification. The aim of this review is to focus on preoperative evaluation of cardiopulmonary reserve and surgical risk stratification of patients candidate for lung cancer resection. It does so by a literature search of clinical guidelines, expert consensus statements, meta-analyses, clinical recommendations, book chapters and randomized trials (1980–2022).
Endoscopic gastroesophageal variceal pressure measurement is available in portal hypertension prediction: a pilot study
Authors: Yang Zhengying , Li Qianlong , Liu Jie , Pan Jin , Ren Jinfeng , Liu Tianyu
Published: October 2024

Background:

Portal vein pressure (PVP) is crucial in the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis of portal hypertension (PHT). At present, the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and the portal vein pressure gradient (PPG) are the main approaches for portal pressure measurement. However, HVPG and PPG are limited in application due to invasive operations and high requirements for medical conditions. A more convenient way to measure portal pressure is demanded.

Objectives:

To detect whether the endoscopic variceal pressure (EVP) could predict the PVP.

Design:

This is a single-center retrospective study that detects whether the EVP could predict the PVP.

Methods:

Thirty-six patients were considered eligible for pre-emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and were willing to accept the endoscopy-TIPS hybrid surgery (continuous operation within 24 h) from April 2023 to October 2023 retrospectively. EVP was measured in the procedure of the modified sandwich method. HVPG, PPG, and PVP were measured following TIPS operation. EVP was compared with HVPG, PPG, and PVP in groups divided by different sarin classifications and whether portal vein thrombosis (PVT) or not.

Results:

EVP was successfully measured and recorded in all. Totally, HVPG was lower than PPG, PPG was lower than PVP, and EVP manifested between PPG and PVP. In the PVT group, HVPG was lower than PPG, PPG was lower than EVP, and EVP manifested between PPG and PVP. In the non-PVT group, HVPG was lower than PPG, PPG was lower than PVP, and EVP manifested between PPG and PVP. In the gastroesophageal varices group, HVPG was lower than PPG, and PPG was lower than EVP.

Conclusion:

As a novel way for prediction, EVP measurement might be useful and convenient in PHT. Moreover, it might be closer to the PVP.