bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water compatible silica supported iron trifluoroacetate and trichloroacetate: as prominent and recyclable Lewis acid catalysts for solvent-free green synthesis of hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxamides
Authors: Gholap Dnyaneshwar Purushottam , Huse Ramdas , Dipake Sudarshan , Lande M. K.
Published: August 2023

Silica supported iron trifluoroacetate and iron trichloroacetate green Lewis acid catalysts were developed by a novel, cheap, environment-friendly approach and utilized in the synthesis of hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives.
Analysis of structure–activity and structure–mechanism relationships among thyroid stimulating hormone receptor binding chemicals by leveraging the ToxCast library
Authors: Sahoo Ajaya Kumar , Baskaran Shanmuga Priya , Chivukula Nikhil , Kumar Kishan , Samal Areejit
Published: August 2023

Identification of activity cliffs as well as mechanism of action cliffs among TSHR binding chemicals from the ToxCast chemical library.
Optimized design and techno-economic analysis of novel DME production processes
Authors: Gierse Malte , Kerschbaum Maximilian , Steinbach Benedikt , Sauer Jörg , Salem Ouda
Published: August 2023

Novel process concepts for DME production based on reactive distillation were proposed and evaluated techno-economically.
Hybrid catalysis for enantioselective Baeyer–Villiger oxidation and stereoselective epoxidation: a Cp*Ir complex to fuel FMN and FAD reduction for flavoprotein monooxygenase modules
Authors: Röllig Robert , Paul Caroline E. , Rousselot-Pailley Pierre , Kara Selin , Alphand Véronique
Published: August 2023

Taking advantage of the standalone capacity of the two-component flavoenzyme oxygenation module, we extended the scope of the pH and oxygen robust iridium complex, Cp*Ir(bpy-OMe)H+ to drive enzymatic reactions from a low-cost hydride source.
A rational design strategy of radical-type mechanophores with thermal tolerance
Authors: Lu Yi , Sugita Hajime , Mikami Koichiro , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: August 2023

Radical-type mechanophores (RMs) are attractive molecules that undergo homolytic scission of their central C–C bond to afford radical species upon exposure to heat or mechanical stimuli.
Study of the influence of the formation protocol on the SEI layer formed at the graphite electrode surface of a non-aqueous potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitor (KIC) through STEM and XPS analyses
Authors: Yvenat Marie-Eve , Chavillon Benoit , Mayousse Eric , De Vito Eric , Boulineau Adrien , Perdu Fabien , Azaïs Philippe
Published: August 2023

A correlation between the evolution of the KF content in the SEI and the evolution of cycling performance of the non-aqueous potassium-ion hybrid supercapacitor (KIC).
The simple construction of rice-husk-derived carbon catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction by the synergism of iron and nitrogen co-doping
Authors: Jin Hong , Zhou Laihong , Zha Guojun , Huang Ping , Wang Fahui , Li Shuigen , Jiang Minhua , Liu Chen
Published: August 2023

A rice-husk-derived carbon electrocatalyst (RHFeN) with oxygen reduction catalytic activity are obtained by the synergism of iron and nitrogen co-doping.
Five Additional Evidence-Based Principles to Facilitate Grammar Development for Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Finestack Lizbeth H. , Ancel Elizabeth , Lee HaeJi , Kuchler Kirstin , Kornelis Miriam
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Because the development of grammatical forms is difficult for many children with developmental language disorder (DLD), language interventions often focus on supporting children's use of grammatical language. This article proposes five additional principles to those suggested by Fey et al. (2003) to facilitate the development of grammatical forms by children with DLD. Three of the five additional principles address the selection and presentation of linguistic contexts to be used with target grammatical forms (Principles 11–13); two principles encourage the incorporation of additional intervention components: auditory bombardment and explicit instruction (Principles 14 and 15, respectively).

Method:

We present empirical evidence and, when available, describe the theoretical motivations to support each of the five additional principles. We then describe how we have integrated the five principles into 20- to 30-min intervention sessions that target regular past tense
–ed
, third-person singular
–s
, present progressive
is/are
verb
+ing
, or
do/does
questions for 4- to 8-year-olds with DLD. Each session includes four activities: sentence imitation, story retell, structured play, and auditory bombardment. We provide details of each activity, relevant materials, and illustrative examples that highlight the incorporation of each of the principles.

Results:

When targeting the development of grammatical forms in intervention, current evidence supports the use of a high degree of linguistic variability (Principle 11), the presentation of target forms in contexts that vary in difficulty (Principle 12), the presentation of target forms in sentences that vary in syntactic structure (Principle 13), the use of auditory bombardment (Principle 14), and the incorporation of explicit instruction (Principle 15). Clinicians can use these principles when targeting a range of grammatical forms in relatively short intervention sessions comprising a variety of activities.

Conclusions:

This article encourages the employment of five additional principles into grammatical language intervention. Descriptions, materials, and examples demonstrate how the principles can all be addressed within a single intervention session.
Teacher Vocabulary Use and Student Language and Literacy Achievement
Authors: Wanzek Jeanne , Wood Carla , Schatschneider Christopher
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

We sought to examine second grade teachers' word use throughout the school day to identify the amount and type of teacher vocabulary use across content areas as well as to examine relationships between this teacher talk and student language and literacy achievement.

Method:

Second grade teachers (
n
= 64) and a random sample of half of their students (
n
= 619) participated. Teachers recorded instruction during the school day throughout the year, and students were assessed on vocabulary, grammar, and reading measures in the fall and spring.

Results:

Findings reveal second grade students hear thousands of words spoken by the teacher each hour of the school day, including more than a thousand different words per hour on average. The large majority of words were the most common words in the English language. On average, there were few academic or curriculum vocabulary words used, but this varied widely between teachers. The proportion of academic words used by teachers during the school day significantly predicted students' end-of-year vocabulary. Teachers who used more academic words had students with higher vocabulary achievement at the end of the school year. There were no other significant relationships between teachers' language and student achievement.

Conclusions:

This correlational evidence adds to the existing knowledge of the importance of academic language to student school outcomes and provides implications for further research in the area of academic language at the early elementary level.
Determining the proper number of proposals for individual images
Authors: He Zihang , Li Yong
Published: August 2023

The region proposal network is indispensable to two‐stage object detection methods. It generates a fixed number of proposals that are to be classified and regressed by detection heads to produce detection boxes. However, the fixed number of proposals may be too large when an image contains only a few objects but too small when it contains much more objects. Considering this, the authors explored determining a proper number of proposals according to the number of objects in an image to reduce the computational cost while improving the detection accuracy. Since the number of ground truth objects is unknown at the inference stage, the authors designed a simple but effective module to predict the number of foreground regions, which will be substituted for the number of objects for determining the proposal number. Experimental results of various two‐stage detection methods on different datasets, including MS‐COCO, PASCAL VOC, and CrowdHuman showed that equipping the designed module increased the detection accuracy while decreasing the FLOPs of the detection head. For example, experimental results on the PASCAL VOC dataset showed that applying the designed module to Libra R‐CNN and Grid R‐CNN increased over 1.5 AP50 while decreasing the FLOPs of detection heads from 28.6 G to nearly 9.0 G.
TTN‐FCN: A Tangut character classification framework by tree tensor network and fully connected neural network
Authors: Ma Ziping , Ma Jinlin
Published: August 2023

The classification of Tangut characters plays a significant role in Western Xia research, and yet it is still a great challenge to recognize Tangut characters accurately due to the less inter‐class similarity and smaller intra‐class variation of Tangut character images. The main reason is that Tangut characters possess an extremely intricate construct despite some other character recognition methods emerging. For this reason, the authors propose a novel framework for Tangut character classification, named tree tensor network‐fully connected neural network (TTN‐FCN), in which TTN is embedded to fully connect neural network. Firstly, Tangut images are encoded into quantum product states without entanglement in pre‐processing. Then the TTN is adopted to contract quantum product states to intermediate low dimensional quantum states. Finally, low dimensional quantum states are input to the FCN network to perform classification tasks. The Model is evaluated on the Tangut character dataset that is constructed from Tangut character‐related documents by scanning and consists of 30,293 Tangut character images with 6077 categories. Experimental results show that TTN‐FCN has a faster convergence speed and achieves classification precision (AC) of 99.98% and loss of 0.688% with the max batch size 2042, which outperforms 30 compared networks. Moreover, the proposed model can also be generalized to other character recognition, which enhances its potential for cultural relic research and development.
The chemical DNA of the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Mucciarelli A. , Minelli A. , Lardo C. , Massari D. , Bellazzini M. , Romano D. , Origlia L. , Ferraro F. R.
Published: August 2023

The Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is the host of a rich system of globular clusters (GCs) that span a wide age range. The chemical composition of the SMC clusters is still poorly understood, despite their significance to chemical-evolution studies. Here, we provide the first detailed chemical study of evolved giants in three distinct clusters, NGC 121 (10.5 Gyr), NGC 339 (6 Gyr), and NGC 419 (1.4 Gyr). The results are based on high-resolution spectra obtained with FLAMES at the Very Large Telescope. The chemical fingerprints of these clusters closely resemble those of SMC field stars, supporting the SMC’s specific history of chemical enrichment relative to the Milky Way. The approximately solar-scaled [α/Fe] observed in all three clusters, independent of their [Fe/H], demonstrate the SMC’s low star formation efficiency. Compared to their Milky Way counterparts, elements primarily produced by massive stars are severely under-represented. In particular, the young cluster NGC 419’s extremely low [Zn/Fe] shows that hypernovae have contributed relatively little during the past 2 Gyr. The three GCs have high [Eu/Fe] values regardless of their age. This suggests that the production of the r-process elements in the SMC was extremely efficient up to 1.5 Gyr ago, with an enrichment timescale comparable to that from Type Ia supernovae. When the properties of the oldest SMC object, NGC 121, are compared to those of in situ Milky Way clusters and accreted clusters linked to the Gaia-Enceladus merger event, it is shown that the SMC had already attained the same metallicity as Gaia-Enceladus but with lower [Fe/H] ratios at the age of NGC 121. This suggests that the chemical enrichment histories of the early SMC and Gaia-Enceladus differed, and that the SMC probably had a lower mass in its early ages than Gaia-Enceladus.
Inter-tissue variability in the stable isotope values of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus)
Authors: Kurtul Irmak , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Britton J. Robert
Published: August 2023

Ecological studies on native and invasive populations of European perch Perca fluviatilis and pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus are often based on stable isotope (SI) analysis based on dorsal muscle, where samples are usually taken from sacrificed fishes. However, other tissues, such as scale and fin tissue, can be used as non-lethal alternatives, where their SI values can be standardised to dorsal muscle values for comparative purposes. In both perch and pumpkinseed, there was a pattern of δ13C enrichment and δ15N depletion from muscle to fin and scale. As comparative studies must account for these inter-tissue differences prior to analyses, conversion equations for SI data from scale and fin tissue to standardised muscle values are provided.
Time-explicit hybrid high-order method for the nonlinear acoustic wave equation
Authors: Steins Morgane , Ern Alexandre , Jamond Olivier , Drui Florence
Published: August 2023

We devise a fully explicit scheme for the nonlinear acoustic wave equation in its second-order formulation in time, using the HHO method for space discretization and the leapfrog scheme for time integration. The key idea for the explicitation is an iterative procedure to approximate at each time step the static nonlinear coupling between the cell and face unknowns. This procedure is based on a splitting of the HHO stabilization operator and, in the linear case, is proved to converge for a large enough weight of the stabilization uniformly in the mesh size. Increasing the stabilization weight turns out to have a moderate impact on the CFL condition. The numerical experiments demonstrate the computational efficiency of the splitting procedure compared to a semi-implicit scheme for the static coupling between cell and face unknowns.
Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid Activates the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Schwann Cells to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Promote Sciatic Nerve Injury Repair
Authors: Zhou Chong , Wang Yao , Zhang Qiyuan , Zhou Guanghu , Ma Xianglin , Jiang Xiaowen , Yu Wenhui
Published: August 2023

Boswellia is a traditional medicine for bruises and injuries. Its main active ingredient, acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, has antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. In this experiment,
we used Sprague-Dawley rats to make a sciatic nerve injury model to detect the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway and apoptosis, combined with
clinical indicators, for testing whether acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid can reduce oxidative stress and promote sciatic nerve repair. Our results showed that
acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid administration promoted myelin regeneration and functional recovery in the rat sciatic nerve, reduced lipid peroxidation levels, upregulated the expression
of various antioxidant enzymes and enhanced enzyme activity, decreased the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, and promoted nuclear translocation of the transcription factor
NF-E2-related factor 2 protein. In vitro studies revealed that acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production,
restored mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated the expression of various antioxidant enzymes, and downregulated apoptosis-related indicators in Schwann cells, and these therapeutic
effects of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid were reversed after ML385 treatment in Schwann cells. In summary, acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis
caused by sciatic nerve injury in rats by activating the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway, promotes the recovery of sciatic nerve function in
rats, and is a promising therapeutic agent to promote sciatic nerve repair by alleviating excessive oxidative stress.
Building Relationships: Advanced Practice Providers and Fellows in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine
Authors: Forman Katie , Bruno Christie J. , Izatt Susan , Fuloria Mamta , Adams Aaron , Kim Mimi , Zuber Jennifer , Cano Nefertiti , LaTuga Mariam S.
Published: August 2023

Objective Advanced practice providers (APPs) are a critical component of health care teams, especially in the neonatal intensive care unit. At times, APPs and neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellows may experience tension in their professional relationship. They may perceive the other's performance and abilities differently. We hypothesized that satisfaction with the APP–NPM fellow interprofessional relationship would be associated with higher perception of APP competence by NPM fellows.

Study Design We surveyed 274 medical providers: NPM fellows (24.8%), NPM program directors (24.5%), and APPs (50.7%). APPs were defined as neonatal nurse practitioners, pediatric nurse practitioners, physician assistants, or neonatal hospitalists. We obtained demographic data, information about sources of conflict in the APP–NPM fellow relationship, level of satisfaction with the relationship, and targeted interventions for improvement. NPM fellow perception of APP competence as well as APP self-assessed competence were elicited. Statistical analyses were performed with chi-square tests and Fisher's exact tests.

Results Overall, APPs and NPM fellows were generally satisfied with their relationship. All groups reported APP competence as equivalent to a third-year NPM fellow. NPM fellow perception of APP competence increased with year of fellow training. Higher perceived APP competence by NPM fellows correlated with higher relationship satisfaction scores. Difficulties with teamwork, communication and respect were associated with lower satisfaction within the APP–NPM fellow relationship.

Conclusion The professional working dynamic between these two groups is viewed positively by all. Satisfaction with the APP–NPM fellow relationship correlated with higher perception of APP competence by NPM fellows. Targeted interventions that increase NPM fellow perception of APP competence and ameliorate the difficulties encountered in the APP–NPM fellow relationship may improve this interprofessional relationship.

Key Points
Radiological Assessment of Sarcopenia and Its Clinical Impact in Patients with Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic, and Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Farook Shameema , Soni Saumya , Shantagiri Arpit , Gupta Pankaj , Sinha Anindita , Prakash Mahesh
Published: August 2023

Sarcopenia is defined as a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life, and death. The diagnosis of sarcopenia is based on documentation of two of the three criteria: low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical performance. Imaging-based assessment of muscle mass is preferred in both clinical and research settings. Anthropometry for the evaluation of muscle mass is prone to errors and is not recommended in the clinical setting.

There is a lack of literature on the radiological assessment of sarcopenia and its association with prognosis in hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal diseases. Thus, we aim to provide a review of studies that utilized radiological methods to assess sarcopenia and evaluate its impact on outcomes in patients with these diseases.
Synthetic route to low damping in ferromagnetic thin-films
Authors: Azzawi S. , Umerski A. , Sampaio L. C. , Bunyaev S. A. , Kakazei G. N. , Atkinson D.
Published: August 2023

Previous theory indicated that the individual monolayers within transition metal ferromagnet thin-films contribute different magnitudes to the total ferromagnetic damping. Here, the aim was to investigate if the thin-film damping could be reduced by electronic engineering of the higher damping regions via localized doping. We present new theoretical analysis and experimental results for sputtered Co thin-films in which the upper and lower surface regions were locally doped with Cr. Theory indicates that local doping does reduce the damping and the experiments show a comparable reduction of the damping with increasing local doping up to 30% Cr, while the measured damping falls further with higher local doping, which may be attributed to changes in the film structure. This work opens a route to create low-damping magnetic thin-films.
Nonlinear simulation of resistive drift waves in cylindrical magnetized plasmas in the presence of symmetry breaking particle source
Authors: Sasaki M. , Kasuya N. , Kawachi Y. , Kobayashi T. , Nishizawa T. , Arakawa H. , Yamada T. , Fujisawa A.
Published: August 2023

Nonlinear fluid simulation of drift wave turbulence in the presence of symmetry breaking particle source is performed for the cylindrical magnetized plasmas. It is demonstrated that the symmetry breaking of the system directly affects the selection rule of structure formations, the streamers disappear, and the zonal flows are enhanced in the case with the symmetry breaking. The symmetry breaking is introduced in the flux-driven simulation by inducing the particle source whose amplitude depends on the azimuthal angle. The symmetry breaking mode is driven stationarily, and the nonlinear process of the drift waves is significantly modified. By scanning the amplitude of the symmetry breaking source, the structure formation processes are systematically investigated. In addition, the nonlinear forces of the turbulence show the relaxation of the density gradient and the drive of the perpendicular/parallel flows in a two-dimensional manner.
Roles of breaking and reflection in wave energy attenuation on the shoreface-nourished beach
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Ping , Li Qinyi , Dai Weiqi , Zhao Bo , Chen Dake , Zhang Chi
Published: August 2023

Shoreface nourishments with the artificial sandbar are effective strategies to mitigate coastal erosions mainly by wave breaking and reflection. Thus, a better understanding of the contributions of breaking and reflection in wave energy loss is important for the prediction and description of the performance of the shoreface nourishment. Experiments are conducted in a wave flume, and data analysis is complemented with numerical simulations performed with a phase-resolving model. Both incident and reflected wave heights are well reproduced by the numerical model. The ratio of reflection to reflection-plus-breaking energy loss ranges from 4% to 11%, implying the dominant role of breaking-induced dissipation over reflection in present cases. The wave transmission coefficient decreases with the decrease in the bar crest depth and onshore implementation of the artificial sandbar. The trapezoidal artificial sandbar promotes an intense wave breaking over the berm width and is more effective in eliminating waves than the triangular artificial sandbar. Due to the erodible nature of the artificial sandbar, future works will consider the use of a hydro-morphological coupled approach to study the time-varying characteristics of wave breaking and reflection during morphological evolution.
On the failure of neutron yield scaling in the dense plasma focus
Authors: Auluck S. K. H.
Published: August 2023

The observed scaling of neutron yield in the dense plasma focus (DPF) as the fourth power of the current in the plasma was the principal driver of the growth of DPF research in its early days. Subsequent discovery of failure of this scaling law was also the principal reason for its abandonment by major laboratories. Attempts to understand this failure of scaling have so far been inconclusive. This Letter looks at this failure in the context of the recently introduced the Generalized Plasma Focus problem and suggests a possible reason that can be experimentally examined using small plasma focus devices. This involves restrictions placed on the drive parameter by conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy. A suggested empirical workaround to the problem of neutron yield scaling failure could also be configured as a method for increasing the pressure range for neutron emission in small DPF devices.
The implementation of the three-dimensional unified gas-kinetic wave-particle method on multiple graphics processing units
Authors: Fan Guochao , Zhao Wenwen , Yao Shaobo , Jiang Zhongzheng , Chen Weifang
Published: August 2023

To further improve the efficiency of the unified gas-kinetic wave-particle (UGKWP) method in hypersonic rarefied non-equilibrium flows, particularly the particle simulation process, we presented the first application of the three-dimensional UGKWP method to multiple graphics processing unit (GPU) devices in this study. The wave and particle evolution components of the method are addressed using cell and particle paralleling strategies, respectively, enabling the primary loop of the GPU-based UPKWP (GPU-UGKWP) to be executed entirely by the compute unified device architecture threads on GPU devices. Concurrently, communication issues between central processing unit (CPU) nodes are resolved by employing the message passing interface model. Additionally, we introduce a tailored memory management scheme for the GPU-UGKWP method, facilitating efficient access to the particle array. Performance comparisons reveal that, relative to a single Intel Xeon Gold 6148 CPU core, the Nvidia Tesla P100 achieves a total speedup of 34 using one GPU device, and 226 with eight GPU devices, and a single Nvidia Titan V GPU device attains a speedup of 62. The speedup outcomes on multiple CPU cores and GPU devices demonstrate that the GPU-based algorithm is better suited for computationally demanding tasks, particularly in particle-dominated simulations. As evidenced by the reduced calculation time for a hypersonic technology vehicle simulation performed on the P100 cluster, GPU devices significantly outperform their CPU counterparts.
The threatened Gouldian finch preferentially forages in prescribed burnt savannas
Authors: Collett Sydney J. , Radford Ian J. , Kaestli Mirjam , Crewe Tara L. , Garnett Stephen T. , Campbell Hamish A.
Published: August 2023

Background The granivorous finches of Australia’s tropical savannas heavily rely on a sequence of perennial and annual grass seed production to feed throughout the year. An increase in late dry season wildfires has been suggested to detrimentally effect seed production sequence and has been attributed to poor physiological condition and a reduction in fitness of granivorous finches. Early dry season prescribed burning is an asset protection management strategy often implemented to reduce the incidence of late dry season wildfire, but has also been shown to improve the abundance and nutritional quality of grass seed Aims To assess whether the Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae) preferentially used areas that were subject to early dry season prescribed burning over areas that were not burnt. Methods The creation of a landscape mosaic across the landscape with varying fire histories. Then the assessment of individual finch movement and site utilisation using VHF-radio telemetry transmitters, detected by an array of static receivers deployed across the landscape. Key results Finches significantly preferred to forage in areas burnt in the early season every 2–3 years. Conclusions The study demonstrates that early dry season prescribed burning creates preferred foraging habitat patches for Gouldian finches within savanna fire mosaics.
Adaptive protocols identify sources of post-capture mortality in radio-marked wild turkeys
Authors: Gonnerman Matthew , Shea Stephanie A. , Sullivan Kelsey , Kamath Pauline , Blomberg Erik
Published: August 2023

Context Stress or injury resulting from capture and marking of animals is a potential cause of mortality following release. Multiple methods have been developed to identify sources of post-capture mortality, but these are most often applied following completion of field work to identify an appropriate censor window for other analyses. Aims Following unacceptable levels of post-capture mortality (13 of 53) in radio-marked individuals in the first year of a larger wild turkey research project in Maine, USA, we assessed post-capture survival as data became available to inform proactive changes to capture protocols, with the goals of improving animal welfare and data quality. Methods We evaluated potential sources of post-capture mortality related to the capture and marking process, individual characteristics of the turkey, and local weather conditions. We then used results from the preliminary analysis to inform adaptive changes to capture protocols in subsequent years and confirmed the effectiveness of these changes through a final analysis. Key results We found that greater handling time was positively correlated with increased post-capture survival, possibly in response to releasing turkeys in larger groups to facilitate regrouping. We also found that transmitter style impacted post-capture survival, such that female turkeys fitted with backpack-style transmitters experienced a survival rate of 0.787 (0.677–0.861 95% CI), compared with 0.903 (0.538–0.976 95% CI) for those fitted with a necklace transmitter, although adjustments to the fit of backpack transmitters appeared to help mitigate such issues. Conclusions Following informed adjustments to our capture protocols, we observed a dramatic increase in post-capture survival such that no mortalities were experienced in the first 30 days post capture in the final year of our study (n = 65). Although our estimated censor window was similar to other studies (~10 days), differences in effects of external stressors further the need for adaptive capture protocols because local stressors and risks may vary according to climate and ecosystem characteristics such as predator communities and habitat type. Implications We recommend that when possible, investigators continuously assess their protocols throughout the capture process and adapt accordingly to limit negative repercussions of capture and handling to wildlife.
A qualitative study of endometriosis-related pain
Authors: Andreolli Giorgia
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the conceptualizations of endometriosis-related pain by combining Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) with a corpus-based approach. Endometriosis is a complex and multi-faceted condition, affecting one in ten people assigned female at birth and bearing serious consequences on one’s physical, social and psychological wellbeing. Especially in cases when the pain is invisible, communication resorts to violent metaphors implying harm, physical damage, or fight. These metaphors are thought to increase the likelihood of eliciting an empathetic response in the interlocutor. However, such narratives may be detrimental at the individual level (e.g., increasing pain catastrophizing) and at the community level (e.g., overshadowing the capacity of communities to construct and use metaphors in alternative ways). Therefore, this study presents an initial exploratory analysis of metaphorical source domains in descriptions of endometriosis-related pain written in online, freely accessible blogs. Metaphorical expressions were manually annotated in a sample of KWICs basing on the MIPVU procedure and thematically categorized. The adoption of a bottom-up and top-down approach within a qualitative framework allowed an empirically grounded analysis of candidate source domains, which calls for further quantitative testing.
Efficacy of peaceful and violent protests as predictors of normative and non-normative collective action: Catalonia 2019 (La eficacia de la protesta pacífica y de la violenta como predictores de la acción colectiva normativa y no normativa: Cataluña 2019)
Authors: Franc Renata , Pavlović Tomislav , Soler-i-Martí Roger , Maglić Marina
Published: August 2023

To demonstrate the value of operationalizing the efficacy of action beliefs in terms of peaceful and violent actions in understanding why people engage in different forms of collective action (CA), we conducted a study ( N = 211 students) in Catalonia in 2019, during the massive protests after the Spanish Supreme Court ruling on the Catalan leaders. We tested six models differing regarding the operationalization of CA and inclusion of group identity and perceived injustice as control factors. The role of the efficacy of peaceful protests was model-dependent. Conversely, we found evidence in favour of the efficacy of violent protests as a robust predictor of intentions to participate in non-normative CA — participants perceiving violence as effective exhibited stronger intentions to participate in non-normative CA. Furthermore, no predictor other than the efficacy of violent protests predicted the variance of non-normative CA isolated from the variance of normative CA, implying that studying the perceived efficacy of different types of CA could improve our understanding of why people engage in different forms of CA.
Copper isotope delta measurements in high purity materials: CCQM-P213 pilot study
Authors: Yang Lu , Vogl Jochen , Mann Jacqueline , Kraft Rebecca , Vocke Robert , Pramann Axel , Eberhardt Janine , Rienitz Olaf , Lee Kyoung-Seok , Lim Jean Sun , Sobina Egor , Song Panshu , Wang Jun , Mester Zoltan , Meija Juris
Published: August 2023

Main text

Accurate and precise isotope ratio measurements of heavy elements are playing an increasingly important role in modern analytical sciences and have numerous applications. Today, isotope ratio measurements are typically performed with two principal techniques: thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and multiple collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). To obtain accurate results by mass spectrometry, isotopic certified reference materials (iCRMs) are needed for mass bias correction and for the validation of the method used for analysis. Thus, it is of paramount importance to achieve measurement comparability of all data reported, and to assess measurement capability of each CRM producer/National Metrology Institute (NMI). Therefore, the international comparison (CCQM-P213) was performed to assess the analytical capabilities of NMIs for the accurate determination of copper isotope ratio delta values in high purity materials. The study was proposed by the coordinating laboratories National Research Council Canada (NRC), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) and Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) as an activity of the Isotope Ratio Working Group (IRWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance - Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM). Participants included six NMIs and one designated institute (DI) from the six countries. Although no measurement method was prescribed by the coordinating laboratories, MC-ICP-MS with either standard-sample bracketing (SSB) or combined SSB with internal normalization (C-SSBIN) models for mass bias correction were recommended. Results obtained from the six NMIs and one DI were in good agreement.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Discrete characteristics of instantaneous frequency of EMR induced by coal and rock fracture
Authors: Lou Quan , Jia Bing , Wan Xiang-yun , Song Da-zhao , Qiu Li-ming , Ma Yu-chen , Qi Xuan-xuan
Published: August 2023

To reveal the discrete characteristics of the instantaneous frequency of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) waveform induced by coal and rock fracture, the uniaxial compression experiments for coal and rock samples were carried out, and the EMR signals with full waveform were acquainted and stored. The empirical wavelet transform is used to filter and de-noise the EMR waveform, and then the short-time Fourier transform is used to analyze the time-frequency characteristics of the waveform. The discrete characteristics of the instantaneous frequency with a larger amplitude and the relationship between the centroid frequencies and peak-to-peak values (Vpps) of the EMR waveforms are statistically analyzed. The results show that the centroid frequency of 0–100 kHz is negatively correlated with the Vpp, and the relationship between them shows a logarithm function relation. The instantaneous frequency of the EMR waveform of coal and rock fracture has significant discrete characteristics. In detail, for the rock sample, the instantaneous frequencies with relatively large amplitude are mainly 4.5 kHz, 19.5 kHz, 22.0 kHz, and 27.5 kHz; for the coal sample, the instantaneous frequencies are mainly 1.0 kHz, 4.5 kHz, 9.0 kHz, and 74.0 kHz. This discrete characteristic is determined by the natural properties and fracture characteristics of the sample. Compared with the homogeneous rock samples, the internal cracks of the coal samples are well developed and show strong anisotropy, resulting in the discrete characteristics of the instantaneous frequency being relatively weaker. The findings have certain guiding significance for optimizing the design of the EMR monitoring frequency band and improving the pertinence and accuracy of the monitoring and early warning for coal and rock dynamic disasters.
Transfer condition monitoring across wind turbines using feature alignment and parameter fine-tuning
Authors: Chen Shuai , Qiao Zijian , Xie Chongyang , Zhu Ronghua , Lai Zhihui , Xu Xuefang , Zhou Shengtong
Published: August 2023

Transfer condition monitoring across wind turbines still exists two issues. (1) The model of single turbine trained is directly used for other ones in the wind farm to result in low monitoring accuracy because of individual features of each turbine; (2) if the model is trained separately for each turbine, it is not only time-consuming and inefficient, but also is difficult to transfer across turbines. For solving the two issues, a transfer condition monitoring method across wind turbines using feature alignment and parameter fine-tuning is proposed. First, the representative normal turbine in a wind farm is screened by calculating the correlation between the monitoring parameters of wind turbines; second, the input features are constructed by using the massive normal supervisory control and data acquisition data of the representative turbine. The intelligent condition monitoring model of wind turbines is designed by using convolutional neural networks for spatial features and long-term and short-term memory networks for time features. Finally, feature alignment is performed using the normal data of the representative turbine and a large amount of historical normal data from other turbines to reduce data distribution differences. The aligned data is inputted into pre-training monitoring models for parameter fine-tuning. The personalized features of each turbine are incorporated to achieve high-precision transfer condition monitoring across turbines. The proposed method is verified by the real-world turbine data from a wind farm cooperated with us. The results show that the proposed transfer condition monitoring method using feature alignment and parameter fine-tuning can accurately monitor and identify the health states of wind turbines.
A simplified mid-infrared anti-resonant chalcogenide fiber with fewest resonant peaks
Authors: Wang Xian-Ge , Jiao Kai , Zhao Zheming , Liang Xiaolin , Xia Kai , Liang Yachen , Bai Shenchuang , Shen Xiang , Nie Qiuhua , Wang Rongping , Wang Xunsi
Published: August 2023

High-power laser delivery in the mid-infrared via hollow-core fibers is attractive, but it is too difficult to be fabricated using chalcogenide glasses. Here, we designed a mid-infrared hollow-core anti-resonant chalcogenide fiber (HC-ARCF) with a simplified Kagome cladding micro-structure for the first time. Then, the fiber was firstly fabricated through a precision mechanical drilling and pressured fiber drawing method. Ultra-thin walls of 2 μm in the fiber lead to the fewest resonance peaks in the 2–5 μm among all reported HC-ARCFs. All the fundamental mode, the second-order mode, tube mode and node mode in the fiber were excited and observed at 1550 nm. The power and spectral properties of the core and cladding of HC-ARCF are studied for the first time. The fiber can deliver high-power of 4.84 W without damage with core-coupling, while the threshold of the node in the cladding is only 3.5 W. A broadening of the output spectrum from 1.96 to 2.41 μm due to the high nonlinearity at the node was successfully observed under short-pulse laser pumping at 2 μm. The potentials of the fiber used for mid-infrared high-power laser delivery via core, or nonlinear laser generation via node, were thus demonstrated.
Real-time measurement of the current–voltage characteristics of a solar cell for laboratory experiment
Authors: Wang Xiao-qian , Luo Duan-bin
Published: August 2023

The sensors and data acquisition universal interface provide more powerful choices for experimental teaching. In this paper, we introduce a teaching experimental setup that uses current and voltage sensors combined with universal interface to realize real-time automatic measurement of solar cell current–voltage characteristics. The current–voltage (I–V) and power–voltage (P–V) curves at various distances from the light source can be easy and fast obtained. At the same time, the effect of temperature on the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules can also be directly demonstrated using the cooling fan. Compared with the data read by ammeter and voltmeter, the experimental setup we built can enable students to obtain data faster under the same experimental conditions. We suggest that the real time I–V and P–V curves can help students experiment with the output characteristics of solar cells directly and allow them to relate electrical concepts such as short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and maximum output power to the operation of the solar cells.
A note about capacitors in series
Authors: Ivchenko Vladimir
Published: August 2023

We employ different approaches to prove the equality in magnitude of the charges of each plate of capacitors connected in series. These considerations can be useful when studying the laws of connection of capacitors in a classroom.
Experimental activities for the study of transformation of electrical energy into thermal
Authors: Schiavon G J , Pittner V D , Santos O R , Batista M C , Braga W S
Published: August 2023

In this article, three experimental practices involving transformations of electrical energy into thermal energy using the Joule effect, electromagnetic induction, and the Peltier effect were proposed. Furthermore, energy balance calculations and the demonstration of the induction heating process are performed using a zero voltage switching module coupled to an Arduino board. In this sense, the work verifies the pedagogical potential of the activities applied in two classes of the third grade of high school, in the face-to-face class format. A qualitative research methodology was adopted, and for data collection, questionnaires were used to survey the students’ prior knowledge, which, at the end of the activities, were applied again to identify a possible integrating reconciliation on the content. We hope that with this proposal, we can contribute to other Physics teachers, who can replicate these activities with their students, adapting it to their realities.
Spread and asymmetry of typical quantum coherence and their inhibition in response to glassy disorder
Authors: Biswas George , Sarkar Santanu , Biswas Anindya , Sen Ujjwal
Published: August 2023

We consider the average quantum coherences of typical redits and qudits—vectors of real and complex Hilbert spaces—with the analytical forms stemming from the symmetry of Haar-uniformly distributed random pure states. We subsequently study the response to disorder in spread of the typical quantum coherence in response to glassy disorder. The disorder is inserted in the state parameters. Even in the absence of disorder, the quantum coherence distributions of redits and qudits are not uniform over the range of quantum coherence, and the spreads are relatively lower for higher dimensions. On insertion of disorder, the spreads decrease. This decrease in the spread of quantum coherence distribution in response to disorder is seen to be a generic feature of typical pure states: we observe the feature for different strengths of disorder and for various types of disorder distributions, viz. Gaussian, uniform, and Cauchy–Lorentz. We also find that the quantum coherence distributions become less asymmetric with increase in dimension and with infusion of glassy disorder.
Qubit measurements for testing contextuality through the violation of Liang-Spekkens-Wiseman-Yu-Oh inequality
Authors: Yan Meng , Zou Hao-Zhan , Zhan Xiang
Published: August 2023

Contextuality is a striking feature of our nature predicted by quantum theory and tested by various experiments. In a qubit system, testing contextuality requires scenarios distinct from traditional ones for systems with dimension of three or greater. In this paper, we consider the noncontextuality inequality developed by Liang-Spekkens-Wiseman and Yu-Oh, and investigate the set of three qubit measurements that can be used to test and violate this inequality. Our numerical results show that two of the three measurements can be almost arbitrary. Moreover, we have singled out several extremely interesting sets of measurements, e.g. one measurements can be white noise while the other two are arbitrarily close to white noise. These sets fulfill our knowledge about contextuality in this minimum quantum system.
Gravitational quasinormal modes of a parametrized Schwarzschild metric
Authors: Lin Kai , Zhang Hongsheng
Published: August 2023

Recently, a parametrized Schwarzschild metric (PSM) was proposed, in whichn= 2 to solve the differences of mass of M87* from different observations. We find the axial gravitational quasinormal modes of this metric are unstable forn> 1. The decay rate of the quasinormal mode of the casen< 1 is much smaller than the casen= 1, which can be used to differentiate the PSM from a Schwarzschild one.