bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rumen Fluid Dosage and Fermentation Time on Dissolved Protein Levels of Vegetable Waste Silage for Vannamei Shrimp Feed
Authors: Munyiva Brenda , Oyaya Wahu
Published: October 2021

Specifically, the goal of this research was to evaluate the dissolved protein content of vegetable waste generated during the incubation of rumen fluid for use in (Whiteleg) vannamei shrimp diet. The results of the analysis of the degree of protein hydrolysis of vegetable waste treated with the addition of rumen fluid enzymes and different fermentation times of rumen fluid revealed that the addition of rumen fluid enzymes and different fermentation times of rumen fluid had a statistically significant effect (p0.05) on the degree of protein hydrolysis of vegetable waste. But there was no significant difference in the length of fermentation time or the interaction between the dosage of rumen fluid and the length of time (p>0.05) between the two groups. Duncan's test of rumen fluid dosage revealed that the degree of hydrolysis at a 1 percent dose was considerably greater (p0.05) than at 2 percent and 3 percent doses, and that the degree of hydrolysis at a 3 percent dose was significantly lower than at 2 percent
Особенности правового регулирования проведения допроса несовершеннолетнего допрашиваемого лица: вопросы правоприменения и совершенствования
Authors: Норова Насиба
Published: October 2021

На основе положений норм международного законодательства, Уголовно-процессуального Кодекса Республики Узбекистан и ряда законов рассмотрены некоторые процессуальные особенности проведения допроса несовершеннолетних подозреваемого, обвиняемого, свидетеля и подсудимого. Такими особенностями являются участие педагога при проведении допроса несовершеннолетнего, а также вызов при необходимости для участия в допросе несовершеннолетних потерпевших и свидетелей их законных представителей, которые могут с разрешения председательствующего задавать вопросы допрашиваемому.
Определены особенности расследования и рассмотрения дел указанной категории, сделан вывод, что при производстве уголовных дел в отношении несовершеннолетних не всегда в полной мере используются возможности для обеспечения их прав и законных интересов. В заключении сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию уголовного законодательства в области проведения допроса несовершеннолетнего лица.
Актуальность роли Л.Н.Толстого как педагога в развитии детской литературы
Authors: Даминова Фазода
Published: October 2021

Л.Н.Толстой сыграл важную роль в развитии русской детской литературы. Педагог-писатель, считавший писать для детей гражданским долгом каждого писателя, многого добился в своем творчестве. Когда Толстой открылся и преподавал в своем родном селе Ясная Поляна в 1859 году, он испытал нехватку учебников и учебных пособий как для учеников, так и для учителей, а также тот факт, что они не отвечали современным требованиям. Он понял, что сказки, рассказы, стихи, притчи и рассказы для детей, которые только начинают учиться читать, должны быть отражены в учебниках, и он хорошо поработал.
Ҳарбий ватанпарварликнинг миллий ва умуминсоний жиҳатлари
Authors: Мирзаев Агзам
Published: October 2021

Мақолада ватанпарварлик тарбияси муаммоси ўзбек тарихининг миллий ва маданий тажрибаси призмаси орқали кўриб чиқилади. Ватанпарварлик феномени  Ватан манфаатлари йўлида ўзининг фаол ижтимоий аҳамиятига эга, инсоннинг англашида мужассам этган барча макро хусусиятларини ривожланишининг энг юқори даражасига асосланган жамиятнинг энг муҳим, доимий қадриятларидан бири сифатида намоён бўлади. Ватанпарварлик, ватан ҳимоячисининг энг муҳим ақлий тарбияси сифатида унга бўлган муҳаббат туйғуси, унинг тарихи, маданияти, ютуқлари, муаммолари билан ажралмаслик, ривожланиш ва ўзини англаш чўққиларига доимий ва изчил интилиш, ўз фуқаролик позициясини, маънавий ва ахлоқий асосларини белгилашда, муносиб ва фидойи инсонга, шу жумладан Ватанга хизмат қилишда фидойиликка бўлган эҳтиёжи кўриб чиқилади.
Imam al-Bukhari - a great Hadith scholar
Authors: Abdullayev Abdurauf
Published: October 2021

This article discusses about the great scholar, the well-known hadith scholar Imam al-Bukhari, who created the collection of hadiths, the "Tabibi" of the Prophet (Peace be upon him), the second most reliable source after the Holy Quran.
Surunkali tonzillitni davolashda qonni ichki venali lazer nurlanishining samaradorligi
Authors: Xushvakova Nilufar , Nishanbaeva Firuza
Published: October 2021

Maqolada surunkali tonzillitni konservativ davolashni optimallashtirishda tomir ichiga yuborilgan lazerli qon nurlanishi (QILN) va lokal lazer terapiyasi qo'llanilishining asoslanishi va samaradorligi baholanadi.
Совершенствование математической компетентности студентов вузов физической культуры
Authors: Юлдашева Наргиза
Published: October 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы компетентности преподавателя физического воспитания, определяемых по совокупности знаний, умений, навыков, отраженных в теоретико-прикладной подготовленности преподавателя к профессионально-педагогической деятельности.
Малака оширишдаги ўқитувчилар касбий компетентлигини тарбиялаш жараёнларининг самарадорлигини аниқлаш
Authors: Саидмурадова Ситора , Аллашев Абдимурод , Имомов Чоршами
Published: October 2021

Ушбу мақолада малака ошириш тизимидаги ўқитувчилар касбий компетентлиги мезонларини тарбиялаш технологияларини ўрганиш ва ушбу технологияларнинг ўқитувчи маҳорати ва касбий компетентлигини тарбиялашдаги ўрнини аниқлашга қаратилган бўлиб, ўқитувчилар касбий компетентлиги мезонларини тарбиялаш учун фойдаланилган технологияларнинг асосларини қуйидагилар ташкил этди: шахснинг ижодий қобилиятларини тарбиялашга қаратилган таълим технологиялари: интегратив технологяилар, ўқитувчининг субъектив-ижтимоий фаоллигини тарбиялаш технологиялари; педагогик жараёнларнинг инсонпарвалик-шахсий йўналтирилган асосдаги педагогик технологиялар; ўқитувчилар касбий фаолиятини фаоллаштириш ҳамда интенсификация қилиш технологиялари (таълимнинг фаол методлари): муаммоли ўқитиш (қисман-изланувчи метод, ўқув тадқиқотчилик технологиялари, тадқиқотчилик ўйинлари), лойиҳавий ўқитиш технологиялари, интерфаол технологиялар (муҳокама ва диспутларни ўтказиш технологиялари); ўйин технологиялари: педагогик ўйинлар, ролли ва иммитацион ўйинлар; индивидуаллаштирилган ўқитиш технологиялари: лойиҳавий метод; таълим ва интеграция технологиялари:  ўқитишнинг интегратив шакллари: (семинар-амалиёт, маъруза-амалиёт, маъруза-диалог). Малака оширишдаги ўқитувчиларнинг касбий компетентлиги ва унинг таркибий асосларини тарбиялаш мақсадида ўтказилган тажриба-синов ишлари давомида – ўқитувчиларнинг касбий компетентлиги педагогик технологияларнинг юқорида келтирилган турлари ҳамда ўқитишнинг фаол методларини қўллаш орқали тарбиялаш мумкинлиги маълум бўлди.
Source bases of Mavardi work“Al-Akhkom-As-Sultonija of va-L-Valoyot Ad-Dinija”
Authors: Joraev Ziyovuddin
Published: October 2021

This article describes the work of Abulhasan Movardi, who lived in the years 964-1058 which made a significant contribution to the development of the history of political and legal doctrine and the theory of public administration.
Электрон хужжат айланиш тизимларининг хавфсизлигини таминлашда blockchain технологиясини жорий қилиш муаммолари ва истиқболлари
Authors: Зулфиқоров Рустам , Ўринкулов Одилжон
Published: October 2021

Blockchain бу кўп қиррали технология ҳисобланади, бугунги кунда ушбу технология нафақат криптовалютанинг яратилиши ва муомаласи учун балки ахборот хавфсизлигининг бошқа жабхаларида хам кенг қўллаш имконияти мавжуд. Ушбу технология функционал механизмига кўра марказлашмаган тизим ҳисобланади. Чет элнинг йирик молиявий компаниялари “ақлли контракт” тизимларида  blockchain технологияларидан фойдаланган холда ўтказмаларни амалга оширганда ўтказма хавфсизлигидан хавотир олишмайди. Ушбу битимларнинг асосий босқичлари Ethereum тизимидаги ақлли шартномаларга асосланган битимлар шаклида амалга оширилади. Савдо оламида blockchain технологиясини ишлатишнинг мавжуд тажрибасини тавсифловчи материаллардан хамда эмпирик тахлилдан фойдаланган холда банк тизимида дуч келувчи тўсиқлар факторини аниқлашда фойдаланилади. Бу мақолада банк тизимидаги хужжат айланиш тизимларининг технологик ва иқтисодий ўсиш босқичларидаги аниқланган камчиликлари кўриб чиқилган.
Когнитивлик тушунчасининг эпистемологик таҳлили
Authors: Султанова Гулноза
Published: October 2021

Ушбу мақолада фалсафа ва психологияда кенг тарқалаётган когнитивлик муаммоси, унинг эпистемологик талқини, келиб чиқиши, генезиси ва илмий, ижтимоий аҳамияти ҳақида тахлилий маълумотлар келтирилган. Когнитологик изланишлар доирасида шаклланаётган креативлик концепцияси фанлараро тадқиқот объекти бўлиб психология, фалсафа, иқтисодиёт, генетика, компьютер технологияси, нейрофизиология, эвристика каби илмий йўналишлар интеграциясини тақозо этади. Ушбу тадқиқот ишимизда эса когнитив эпситемологик конструктивизм нуқтаи назаридан тадқиқ қилинган илмий тафаккур тарзининг фан тараққиётида танқидий рационализм, конструктив эпистемология, когнитология сингари замонавий фан йўналишлари таъсирида вужудга келувчи ички эвристик хусусиятлари, билишдаги фаол конструктив роли, унинг истиқболдаги имкониятлари очиб берилган. Когнитивлик кенг маънода тафаккурда намоён бўладиган инсон билиш қобилияти бўлиб, интеллектуал (ақлий) фаолиятнинг жамланмасидир. Бу ҳам конструктив жараён, ҳам тафаккур тарзи креативлигини намоён бўлишидир. Ушбу бобда когнитивлик, унинг моҳияти, эволюцияси хусусида фикр юритилади.
ingliz va o'zbek maqollarida tana a'zolarining ishlatilishi
Authors: Mamatova Nilufar , Xakimova Gulsara
Published: October 2021

Ushbu maqola ingliz va o‘zbek  maqollarida tana a’zolarining ishlatilishi va qo‘llanilishi hamda ularning lingvistik, leksik jihatdan ishlatilish holatlari o‘rganiladi va o‘zaro ma’no mazmun jihatdan farqlanadi.
Лёгкая атлетика – ключ здоровья
Authors: Хикматова Мадина
Published: October 2021

В статье приводится обзор литературы, где указано что по занятиям на спортивно – оздоровительном этапе допускаются дети с 8-9 лет, имеющие медицинский допуск к занятиям. Основой на этом этапе является физкультурно-оздоровительная и воспитательная работа, направленная на укрепление здоровья, на разностороннюю физическую подготовленность, освоение жизненно важных двигательных навыков и качеств, знакомство с базовой техникой не только легкой атлетики, но и других видов спорта. Занятия должны строиться так, чтобы дети получали удовольствие от двигательной активности, воспитывался интерес детей к спорту и приобщение их к легкой атлетике; на этом этапе идет начальное обучение технике и тактике, правилам соревнований; развитие физических качеств в общем плане и с учетом специфики видов легкой атлетики, воспитание умений соревноваться индивидуально (физическая и техническая подготовка) и коллективно (эстафеты, подвижные игры).
Оценка фактического питания и пищевого статуса мужчин с ожирением
Authors: Шайхова Гули , Иброхимова Дилобар , Зокирхонова Шахзода
Published: October 2021

Ожирение – хроническое рецидивирующее заболевание, сегодня является из самых распространенных неинфекционных заболеваний : в 1998 г. в мире зарегистрировано 250 млн. больных ожирением, а к 2025 г., по расчету экспертов ВОЗ их число превысит 300 млн.
Целью данной работы явилось изучение фактического питания и пищевого статуса, а также физической активности  мужчин с ожирением.
Материалы и методы. Обследовано 250 мужчин в возрасте от 40 до 55 летнего возраста, с диагнозом ожирение 1-11 и 111 степени, проживающих в г.Ташкенте и Ташкентской области. 30 мужчин составили контрольную группу. Исследование проводили в клинике Levelmed г.Ташкента.
Результаты и обсуждение: Рацион питания  мужчин с ожирением характеризуется количественной и качественной неполноценностью.Индекс массы тела, окружность талии и бедра выше нормы. Нарушен режим питания в виде нерегулярного приема пищи, еды в позднее время суток, массивного потребления высококалорийных продуктов:  насыщенных животных жиров, соли и сахара.
Оптимизация медицинской учетной документации и внедрение электронных систем в здравоохранение
Authors: Маматханова Гулнора
Published: October 2021

В данной статье рассматривается информация о влиянии медицинского учета на оптимизацию документооборота и внедрение информационных систем, повышение качества медицинской помощи и повышение эффективности концентрации. С вышеуказанных точек зрения, из представленной информации было установлено, что время, затрачиваемое на заполнение бумажных документов в деятельности практикующих врачей медицинских организаций, сокращается.
Стадия возбуждения уголовного дела: как разрешить пресловутые противоречия?
Authors: Россинский Сергей , Рахмонова Сурайё
Published: October 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы, составляющие предмет многолетней дискуссии о дальнейших перспективах стадии возбуждения уголовного дела. Основываясь на результатах предыдущих исследований по проблемам досудебного производства, авторы пытаются выявить подлинные причины возникновения стадии возбуждения уголовного дела. В результате делается вывод, что вопрос о дальнейшей судьбе стадии возбуждения уголовного дела может быть разрешен лишь в контексте четкого понимания перспектив дальнейшего развития всей системы досудебного производства.
Review of Economic Stimulus Packages to Fight the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Mehmood Waqas , Mohd-Rashid Rasidah , Ullah Attia Aman , Shafique Owais
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the COVID-19 situation in Malaysia and the way the government of Malaysia manages the impact of this pandemic through economic recovery packages such as economic stimulus packages. This study focuses on the effects of the economic stimulus packages released by the government of Malaysia as a response to the economic recession triggered by COVID-19. Malaysia is one of the favourite tourist destinations, and the tourism industry generates about 5.9% of the country’s GDP. However, the lockdown imposed by the Malaysian government to combat the COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected almost every sector of the economy. The Malaysian government has taken several steps to control the spread of the pandemic, such as declaring hotspots of COVID-19, imposing lockdowns, and creating mass scale awareness through social media and TV channels. The government has also deployed several economic strategies such as economic stimulus packages to help industries and the people. This study concludes that the mitigation techniques, i.e., economic stimulus packages adopted are working properly; however, some improvements are required as these techniques are inadequate to manage the transmission capability and virulence of COVID-19. Thus, more attention is required for the revival of economic activities. This study helps to obtain an insight into the effects of economic packages and how effective these packages have been in managing the spread of the COVID-19 virus and mitigating the economic recession. It also provides an understanding of how these packages will help flatten the pandemic curve in the future. This study provides information on the current COVID-19 situation in Malaysia. It also offers information on the policies and methods used by the government to solve economic and public health issues. Further, this study lays out guidelines for policymakers and government officials for the development of more effective strategies for economic recovery and public health initiatives.
Formation of condensable organic vapors from anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is strongly perturbed by NOx in eastern China
Authors: Liu Yuliang , Nie Wei , Li Yuanyuan , Ge Dafeng , Liu Chong , Xu Zhengning , Chen Liangduo , Wang Tianyi , Wang Lei , Sun Peng , Qi Ximeng , Wang Jiaping , Xu Zheng , Yuan Jian , Yan Chao , Zhang Yanjun , Huang Dandan , Wang Zhe , Donahue Neil M. , Worsnop Douglas , Chi Xuguang , Ehn Mikael , Ding Aijun
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) are the crucial intermediates linking
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the
atmosphere, but comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of OOMs
and their formation from VOCs is still missing. Ambient observations of
OOMs using recently developed mass spectrometry techniques are still
limited, especially in polluted urban atmospheres where VOCs and oxidants are
extremely variable and complex. Here, we investigate OOMs, measured by a
nitrate-ion-based chemical ionization mass spectrometer at Nanjing in
eastern China, through performing positive matrix factorization on binned
mass spectra (binPMF). The binPMF analysis reveals three factors about
anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) daytime chemistry, three isoprene-related
factors, three factors about biogenic VOC (BVOC) nighttime chemistry, and
three factors about nitrated phenols. All factors are influenced by NOx
in different ways and to different extents. Over 1000 non-nitro molecules
have been identified and then reconstructed from the selected solution of
binPMF, and about 72 % of the total signals are contributed by
nitrogen-containing OOMs, mostly regarded as organic nitrates formed through
peroxy radicals terminated by nitric oxide or nitrate-radical-initiated
oxidations. Moreover, multi-nitrates account for about 24 % of the total
signals, indicating the significant presence of multiple generations,
especially for isoprene (e.g., C5H10O8N2 and
C5H9O10N3). Additionally, the distribution of OOM
concentration on the carbon number confirms their precursors are driven by AVOCs
mixed with enhanced BVOCs during summer. Our results highlight the decisive
role of NOx in OOM formation in densely populated areas, and we encourage
more studies on the dramatic interactions between anthropogenic and biogenic
emissions.
Observations of supermicron-sized aerosols originating from biomass burning in southern Central Africa
Authors: Miller Rose M. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Rauber Robert M. , O'Brien Joseph R. , Gupta Siddhant , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Dobracki Amie N. , Sedlacek Arthur J. , Burton Sharon P. , Howell Steven G. , Freitag Steffen , Dang Caroline
Published: October 2021

Abstract. During the 3 years of the ObseRvations of Aerosols above
CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) campaign, the NASA Orion P-3 was
equipped with a 2D stereo (2D-S) probe that imaged particles with maximum
dimension (D) ranging from 10 < D < 1280 µm. The 2D-S
recorded supermicron-sized aerosol particles (SAPs) outside of clouds within biomass burning plumes during flights over the southeastern Atlantic off
Africa's coast. Numerous SAPs with 10 < D < 1520 µm
were observed in 2017 and 2018 at altitudes between 1230 and 4000 m, 1000 km from the coastline, mostly between 7–11∘ S. No SAPs were
observed in 2016 as flights were conducted further south and further from
the coastline. Number concentrations of refractory black carbon (rBC)
measured by a single particle soot photometer ranged from 200 to 1200 cm−3 when SAPs were observed. Transmission electron microscopy images of submicron particulates, collected on Holey carbon grid filters, revealed particles with potassium salts, black carbon (BC), and organics.
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectra also detected potassium, a
tracer for biomass burning. These measurements provided evidence that the
submicron particles originated from biomass burning. NOAA Hybrid
Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) 3 d back
trajectories show a source in northern Angola for times when large SAPs were observed. Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 6 active fire maps showed extensive biomass burning at these locations. Given the back trajectories, the high number concentrations of rBC, and the presence of elemental tracers indicative of biomass burning, it is hypothesized that the SAPs imaged by the 2D-S are examples of BC aerosol, ash, or unburned plant material.
Changes in stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient after the 2018 Ambae eruption as seen by OMPS-LP and MAECHAM5-HAM
Authors: Malinina Elizaveta , Rozanov Alexei , Niemeier Ulrike , Wallis Sandra , Arosio Carlo , Wrana Felix , Timmreck Claudia , von Savigny Christian , Burrows John P.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosols are an important component of the climate system. They not only change the radiative budget of the Earth but also play an
essential role in ozone depletion. These impacts are particularly noticeable after volcanic eruptions when SO2 injected with the eruption reaches the stratosphere, oxidizes, and forms stratospheric aerosol. There have been several studies in which a volcanic eruption plume and the associated radiative forcing were analyzed using climate models and/or data from satellite measurements. However, few have compared vertically and temporally resolved volcanic plumes using both measured and modeled data. In this paper, we compared changes in the stratospheric aerosol loading after the 2018 Ambae eruption observed by satellite remote sensing measurements and simulated by a global aerosol model. We use vertical profiles of the aerosol extinction coefficient at 869 nm retrieved at the Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP) in Bremen from OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping and Profiling Suite – Limb Profiler) observations. Here, we present the retrieval algorithm and a comparison of the obtained profiles with those from SAGE III/ISS (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on board the International Space Station). The observed differences are within 25 % for most latitude bins, which indicates a reasonable quality of the retrieved limb aerosol extinction product. The volcanic plume evolution is investigated using both monthly mean aerosol extinction coefficients and 10 d averaged data. The measurement results were compared with the model output from MAECHAM5-HAM (ECHAM for short). In order to simulate the eruption accurately, we use SO2 injection estimates from OMPS and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) for the first phase of eruption and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) for the second phase. Generally, the agreement between the vertical and geographical distribution of the aerosol extinction coefficient from OMPS-LP and ECHAM is quite remarkable, in particular, for the second phase. We attribute the good consistency between the model and the measurements to the precise estimation of injected SO2 mass and height, as well as to the nudging to ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data. Additionally, we compared the radiative forcing (RF) caused by the increase in the aerosol loading in the stratosphere after the eruption. After accounting for the uncertainties from different RF calculation methods, the RFs from ECHAM and OMPS-LP agree quite well. We estimate the tropical (20∘ N to 20∘ S) RF from the second Ambae eruption to be about −0.13 W m−2.
Hydrothermal trace metal release and microbial metabolism in the northeastern Lau Basin of the South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Cohen Natalie R. , Noble Abigail E. , Moran Dawn M. , McIlvin Matthew R. , Goepfert Tyler J. , Hawco Nicholas J. , German Christopher R. , Horner Tristan J. , Lamborg Carl H. , McCrow John P. , Allen Andrew E. , Saito Mak A.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Bioactive trace metals are critical micronutrients for marine
microorganisms due to their role in mediating biological redox reactions,
and complex biogeochemical processes control their distributions.
Hydrothermal vents may represent an important source of metals to
microorganisms, especially those inhabiting low-iron waters, such as in the
southwest Pacific Ocean. Previous measurements of primordial 3He
indicate a significant hydrothermal source originating in the northeastern (NE)
Lau Basin, with the plume advecting into the southwest Pacific Ocean at
1500–2000 m depth (Lupton et
al., 2004). Studies investigating the long-range transport of trace metals
associated with such dispersing plumes are rare, and the biogeochemical
impacts on local microbial physiology have not yet been described. Here we
quantified dissolved metals and assessed microbial metaproteomes across a
transect spanning the tropical and equatorial Pacific with a focus on the
hydrothermally active NE Lau Basin and report elevated iron and manganese
concentrations across 441 km of the southwest Pacific. The most intense
signal was detected near the Mangatolo Triple Junction (MTJ) and Northeast
Lau Spreading Center (NELSC), in close proximity to the previously reported
3He signature. Protein content in distal-plume-influenced seawater,
which was high in metals, was overall similar to background locations,
though key prokaryotic proteins involved in metal and organic uptake,
protein degradation, and chemoautotrophy were abundant compared to deep
waters outside of the distal plume. Our results demonstrate that trace
metals derived from the NE Lau Basin are transported over appreciable
distances into the southwest Pacific Ocean and that bioactive chemical
resources released from submarine vent systems are utilized by surrounding
deep-sea microbes, influencing both their physiology and their contributions
to ocean biogeochemical cycling.
INTEGRATION OF 3D POINT CLOUDS WITH SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELS – PROVIDING SEMANTIC INFORMATION BEYOND CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Beil C. , Kutzner T. , Schwab B. , Willenborg B. , Gawronski A. , Kolbe T. H.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. A range of different and increasingly accessible acquisition methods, the possibility for frequent data updates of large areas, and a simple data structure are some of the reasons for the popularity of three-dimensional (3D) point cloud data. While there are multiple techniques for segmenting and classifying point clouds, capabilities of common data formats such as LAS for providing semantic information are mostly limited to assigning points to a certain category (classification). However, several fields of application, such as digital urban twins used for simulations and analyses, require more detailed semantic knowledge. This can be provided by semantic 3D city models containing hierarchically structured semantic and spatial information. Although semantic models are often reconstructed from point clouds, they are usually geometrically less accurate due to generalization processes. First, point cloud data structures / formats are discussed with respect to their semantic capabilities. Then, a new approach for integrating point clouds with semantic 3D city models is presented, consequently combining respective advantages of both data types. In addition to elaborate (and established) semantic concepts for several thematic areas, the new version 3.0 of the international Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standard CityGML also provides a PointCloud module. In this paper a scheme is shown, how CityGML 3.0 can be used to provide semantic structures for point clouds (directly or stored in a separate LAS file). Methods and metrics to automatically assign points to corresponding Level of Detail (LoD)2 or LoD3 models are presented. Subsequently, dataset examples implementing these concepts are provided for download.
INVESTIGATING TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OBJECTS WITHIN THEIR SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT LIFECYCLE
Authors: Kalogianni E. , Floros G. S. , Dimopoulou E.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Precise and detailed information for infrastructure assets, as well as information about the property interests attached to them are crucial to prevent unnecessary costs, disruptions, and delays when planning, constructing, and managing such objects. Various models encapsulating infrastructure objects information are available, mostly during their design stage, and could be also reused in other stages of the Spatial Development Lifecycle (SDL), such as the Land Registration. In this respect, and as ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model is currently under revision, it is well-timed to consider the modelling of infrastructure objects within the scope of the upcoming Edition II of the standard. Given this background, the aim of this paper is to initiate the discussion on the registration options of infrastructure objects in the context of the LADM revision. Attention is given on specific categories of transport infrastructure objects, identifying the information required to be reused in other stages of the SDL, sourced from BIM/ IFC files used in the design stage. As currently IFC does not support infrastructure information, in order to investigate how such information is stored in IFC models based on the modellers’ decisions and the software used, two models of transport infrastructure objects coming from the industry were inspected and based on these findings, the conceptual modelling followed, based on the LADM concept. The paper aims to provide insights on to the limitations of the current use of IFC for transport infrastructure objects and propose the future steps to overcome them.
MODELLING CHANGES, STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR RELATIONS IN SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELS
Authors: Nguyen S. H. , Kolbe T. H.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Urban digital twins have been increasingly adopted by cities worldwide. Digital twins, especially semantic 3D city models as key components, have quickly become a crucial platform for urban monitoring, planning, analyses and visualization. However, as the massive influx of data collected from cities accumulates quickly over time, one major problem arises as how to handle different temporal versions of a virtual city model. Many current city modelling deployments lack the capability for automatic and efficient change detection and often replace older city models completely with newer ones. Another crucial task is then to make sense of the detected changes to provide a deep understanding of the progresses made in the cities. Therefore, this research aims to provide a conceptual framework to better assist change detection and interpretation in virtual city models. Firstly, a detailed hierarchical model of all potential changes in semantic 3D city models is proposed. This includes appearance, semantic, geometric, topological, structural, Level of Detail (LoD), auxiliary and scoped changes. In addition, a conceptual approach to modelling most relevant stakeholders in smart cities is presented. Then, a model - reality graph is used to represent both the different groups of stakeholders and types of changes based on their relative interest and relevance. Finally, the study introduces two mathematical methods to represent the relevance relations between stakeholders and changes, namely the relevance graph and the relevance matrix.
IFCTERRAIN – A FREE AND OPEN SOURCE TOOL TO CONVERT DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS (DTM) TO OPENBIM INDUSTRY FOUNDATION CLASSES (IFC)
Authors: Clemen C. , Schröder M. , Kaiser T. , Romanschek E.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Digital Terrain Models (DTM) play an important role for digital twins of the built environment. However, if the Building Information Modeling method (BIM) is used, many engineers find it difficult to provide BIM-compliant terrain models. We present a small tool with which classic DTM, which have been created by landsurveyors or geospatial engineers, can be converted into the format Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) in order to be used in openBIM projects. This paper first clarifies the use cases and then goes into detail on possible configurations of the transformation process. With the presented software tool IfcTerrain the user may select different export options concerning IFC object type of the terrain, geometric representation, georeferencing or the annotation with metadata. IfcTerrain is free and open source and was developed in the context of an educational institution.
LOSS OF INFORMATION DURING DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION FOR HIGHWAYS ASSET MANAGEMENT: A GEOBIM PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Floros G. S. , Ellul C.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Modern cities will have a catalytic role in regulating global economic growth and development, highlighting their role as centers of economic activity. With urbanisation being a consequence of that, the built environment is pressured to withstand the rapid increase in demand of buildings as well as safe, resilient and sustainable transportation infrastructure. Transportation Infrastructure has a unique characteristic: it is interconnected and thus, it is essential for the stakeholders to be able to capture, analyse and visualise these interlinked relationships efficiently and effectively. This requirement is addressed by an Asset Information Management System (AIMS) which enables the capture of such information from the early stages of a transport infrastructure construction project. Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographic Information Science/Systems (GIS) are two domains which facilitate the authoring, management and exchange of asset information by providing the location underpinning, both in the short term and through the very long lifespan of the infrastructure. These systems are not interoperable by nature, with extensive Extract/Transform/Load procedures required when developing an integrated location-based Asset Management system, with consequent loss of information. The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight regarding the information lifecycle during Design and Construction on a Highways Project, focusing on identifying the stages in which loss of information can impact decision-making during operational Asset Management: (i) 3D Model to IFC, (ii) IFC to AIM and (iii) IFC to 3DGIS for AIM. The discussion highlights the significance of custom property sets and classification systems to bridge the different data structures as well as the power of 3D in visualizing Asset Information, with future work focusing on the potential of early BIM-GIS integration for operational AM.
DATA INTEROPERABILITY OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: Basir W. N. F. W. A. , Ujang U. , Majid Z. , Azri S.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in construction industry has been applied for many years back. This because BIM can provide a better advantage in construction industry in term of controlling and managing construction project during their life cycle. The advantages that can be provide by BIM is focusing on the indoor planning tasks. But, when the construction project involves, besides indoor planning, outdoor planning also is important part that need to be look up. To cover the outdoor planning in construction project, Geographic Information System (GIS) need to be applied. GIS can overcome this problem because GIS mainly for outdoor planning by using their spatial analysis. GIS can offer a high degree of geospatial information and can provide the detailed geometrical and semantic information of building to assisted across improve automation. Towards produce the improved preparation in construction project, BIM and GIS should be integrated. To integrate both domains, the data interoperability between them need to be investigate because they used different data standard. This study focusses on solving the data interoperability through the data integration between BIM and GIS to solve the problem of data mismatch and data missing during data translation process. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) was used as a data standard to perform the data integration between BIM and GIS. The outcomes from this study show that when the data interoperability applied between BIM and GIS, the problem above can be solved, and the data dimension and their coordinate system also can be control.
KNOWLEDGE GRAPH CONSTRUCTION FOR SUBSURFACE OBJECTS INCLUDING UNCERTAINTY AND TIME VARIATION
Authors: Caselli A. , Falquet G. , Métral C.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In the recent years the concept of knowledge graph has emerged as a way to aggregate information from various sources without imposing too strict data modelling constraints. Several graph models have been proposed during the years, ranging from the “standard” RDF to more expressive ones, such as Neo4J and RDF-star. The adoption of knowledge graph has become established in several domains. It is for instance the case of the 3D geoinformation domain, where the adoption of semantic web technologies has led to several works in data integration and publishing. However, yet there is not a well-defined model or technique to represent 3D geoinformation including uncertainty and time variation in knowledge graphs. In this paper we propose a model to represent parameterized geometries of subsurface objects. The vocabulary of the model has been defined as an OWL ontology and it extends existing ontologies by adding classes and properties to represent the uncertainty and the spatio-temporal behaviour of a geometry, as well as additional attributes, such as the data provenance. The model has been validated on significant use cases showing different types of uncertainties on 3D subsurface objects. A possible implementation is also presented, using RDF-star for the data representation.
CONTRIBUTION OF BATHYMETRIC MULTI-BEAM SONAR AND LASER SCANNERS IN 3D MODELING AND ESTIMATION OF SILTATION OF DAM BASIN IN MOROCCO
Authors: Bouziani M. , Boucht F. , Nouri F.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. In Morocco, the phenomenon of silting affects all the dams, where more than 75 Mm3 of sediments are deposited every year at the bottom of the reservoirs. The aim of our study is to assess the contribution of the bathymetric multi-beam sonar as well as static and mobile laser scanners in the estimation of siltation of the basin of the Tanger-Med dam in the north of Morocco. The proposed methodology consists of performing and fusion of a bathymetric survey by multi-beam echo-sounder with terrestrial laser scanner surveys in static mode and mobile mode. The result of these surveys is used, for the calculation of the siltation volume and the inspection of the upstream facing of the main structure. Siltation calculation was carried out with comparison to a reference survey obtained by single beam sonar. The comparison between these two instruments showed that the multi-beam presents many advantages: high density of the cloud of points acquired and precision. The density allows providing a better description of the dam's bottom. The comparative study between the two types of scanners showed that static scanner offers a better accuracy. However, mobile scanner gives more accessibility of all parts of the dam. As a conclusion, the multi-beam echo-sounder with additional laser scanner data have many advantages in this study: volume calculation precision, reduction of the acquisition time and the enhancement of the acquired point cloud density. We also obtained a global 3d modelling useful for the monitoring of the infrastructure.
BUILDING ROOF VECTORIZATION WITH PPGNET
Authors: Hensel S. , Goebbels S. , Kada M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. A challenge in data-based 3D building reconstruction is to find the exact edges of roof facet polygons. Although these edges are visible in orthoimages, convolution-based edge detectors also find many other edges due to shadows and textures. In this feasibility study, we apply machine learning to solve this problem. Recently, neural networks have been introduced that not only detect edges in images, but also assemble the edges into a graph. When applied to roof reconstruction, the vertices of the dual graph represent the roof facets. In this study, we apply the Point-Pair Graph Network (PPGNet) to orthoimages of buildings and evaluate the quality of the detected edge graphs. The initial results are promising, and adjusting the training parameters further improved the results. However, in some cases, additional work, such as post-processing, is required to reliably find all vertices.
Signal-to-noise ratio in diffusion-ordered spectroscopy: how good is good enough?
Authors: Guest Jamie , Kiraly Peter , Nilsson Mathias , Morris Gareth A.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) constructs
multidimensional spectra displaying signal strength as a function of Larmor
frequency and of diffusion coefficient from experimental measurements using
pulsed field gradient spin or stimulated echoes. Peak positions in the
diffusion domain are determined by diffusion coefficients estimated by
fitting experimental data to some variant of the Stejskal–Tanner equation, with the peak widths determined by the standard error estimated in the
fitting process. The accuracy and reliability of the diffusion domain in
DOSY spectra are therefore determined by the uncertainties in the
experimental data and thus in part by the signal-to-noise ratio of the experimental spectra measured. Here the Cramér–Rao lower bound, Monte
Carlo methods, and experimental data are used to investigate the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio, experimental parameters, and diffusion domain accuracy in 2D DOSY experiments. Experimental results confirm that sources of error other than noise put an upper limit on the improvement in diffusion domain accuracy obtainable by time averaging.
Quantifying the potential future contribution to global mean sea level from the Filchner–Ronne basin, Antarctica
Authors: Hill Emily A. , Rosier Sebastian H. R. , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Collins Matthew
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in response to climate warming is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in estimates of future changes in
global mean sea level (ΔGMSL). Mass loss is currently concentrated in regions of warm circumpolar deep water, but it is unclear how ice shelves currently surrounded by relatively cold ocean waters will respond to climatic changes in the future. Studies suggest that warm water
could flush the Filchner–Ronne (FR) ice shelf cavity during the 21st century, but the inland ice sheet response to a drastic increase in ice shelf melt rates is poorly known. Here, we use an ice flow model and uncertainty quantification approach to project the GMSL contribution of the FR basin under RCP emissions scenarios, and we assess the forward propagation and proportional contribution of uncertainties in model parameters (related to ice dynamics and atmospheric/oceanic forcing) on these projections. Our probabilistic projections, derived from an extensive sample of the parameter space using a surrogate model, reveal that the FR basin is unlikely to contribute positively to sea level rise by the 23rd century. This is primarily due to the mitigating effect of increased accumulation with warming, which is capable of suppressing ice loss associated with
ocean-driven increases in sub-shelf melt. Mass gain (negative ΔGMSL) from the FR basin increases with warming, but uncertainties in these projections also become larger. In the highest emission scenario RCP8.5, ΔGMSL is likely to range from −103 to 26 mm, and this large spread can be apportioned predominantly to uncertainties in parameters driving increases in precipitation (30 %) and sub-shelf melting (44 %). There is potential, within the bounds of our input parameter space, for major collapse and retreat of ice streams feeding the FR ice shelf, and a substantial positive contribution to GMSL (up to approx. 300 mm), but we consider such a scenario to be very unlikely. Adopting uncertainty quantification techniques in future studies will help to provide robust estimates of potential sea level rise and further identify target areas for constraining projections.
Wind tunnel testing of a swept tip shape and comparison with multi-fidelity aerodynamic simulations
Authors: Barlas Thanasis , Pirrung Georg Raimund , Ramos-García Néstor , Horcas Sergio González , Mikkelsen Robert Flemming , Olsen Anders Smærup , Gaunaa Mac
Published: October 2021

Abstract. One promising design solution for increasing the efficiency of modern horizontal axis wind turbines is the installation of curved tip extensions.
However, introducing such complex geometries may move traditional aerodynamic models based on blade element momentum (BEM) theory out of their range of applicability.
This motivated the present work, where a swept tip shape is investigated by means of both experimental and numerical tests. The latter group accounted for a wide variety of aerodynamic models, allowing us to highlight the capabilities and limitations of each of them in a relative manner.
The considered swept tip shape is the result of a design optimization, focusing on locally maximizing power performance within load constraints. For the experimental tests, the tip model is instrumented with spanwise bands of pressure sensors and is tested in the Poul la Cour wind tunnel at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The methods used for the numerical tests consisted of a blade element model, a near-wake model, lifting-line free-wake models, and a fully resolved Navier–Stokes solver.
The comparison of the numerical and the experimental test results is performed for a given range of angles of attack and wind speeds, which is representative of the expected conditions in operation.
Results show that the blade element model cannot predict the measured normal force coefficients, but the other methods are generally in good agreement with the measurements in attached flow. Flow visualization and pressure distribution compare well with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The agreement in the clean case is better than in the tripped case at the inboard sections. Some uncertainties regarding the effect of the boundary layer at the inboard tunnel wall and the post-stall behavior remain.
DIGITAL PLATFORMS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
CURRENT TRENDS AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: БОЧЕГОВ МИХАИЛ АЛЕКСАНДРОВИЧ
Published: October 2021

В статье рассматриваются тенденции и направления развития цифровых платформ в мировой экономике. Цифровые платформы и формируемые ими платформенные экосистемы трансформируют целые отрасли и различные виды социально-экономической активности, становятся драйверами экономического роста, инноваций и конкуренции. Предметом исследования являются цифровые платформы. Цель исследования определить тенденции и направления развития цифровых платформ в мировой экономике. В процессе исследования были выявлены тенденции и преимущества развития цифровых платформ в мировой экономике, определены инструменты и механизмы на основе Интернета и онлайн-платформ составляющие фундамент экономической и социальной жизни.
МИРОВОЙ РЫНОК БАНКОВСКИХ УСЛУГ С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ ТЕОРИИ
АСИММЕТРИЧНОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ
Authors: Фомина Марина Валерьевна , Дещенко Александра Юрьевна , Приходько Владимир Викторович
Published: October 2021

В сделан вывод относительно того, что рынок банковских услуг по своим параметрам и
характеристикам правомерно относить к рынкам с асимметричной информацией, что проявляется: в
неравноценном обеспечении активных и пассивных операций банка; различной правовой основе банковских операций; разных механизмах стоимостной оценки взаимных обязательств; асимметричной ликвидности кредитно-денежных операций; наличии интернальных эффектов.
The article It is concluded, that the market of banking services on its parameters and
characteristics legitimate to refer to the markets with asymmetric information, which manifests itself: in the unequal provision of active and passive operations of the bank; different legal basis of banking operations; different mechanisms for the valuation of mutual obligations; asymmetric liquidity monetary operations; the presence of Internal effects.
ОПОРА ДЛЯ ПОГЛОШЕНИЯ КОЛЕБАНИЙ ГЛАВНОГО ВАЛА ЩВЕЙНОЙ МАШИНЫ
Authors: Джураев Анвар Джураевич , Мансурова Муниса Анваровна , Курбанова Ирода Ихтиёровна
Published: October 2021

В этой статье представлена информация о снижение вибрации и шума главного вала и за счёт этого повешение надёжности, производительности швейной машины. Поставленная задача решается путем амортизации колебаний и шума главного вала швейный машин, совершенствованием конструкции подшипниковых опор.
This article presents information about reducing vibration and noise of the main shaft and thereby increasing the reliability and productivity of the sewing machine. The task is solved by damping the vibrations and noise of the main shaft of sewing machines, improving the design of bearing supports.