bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of Biosurfactant Using Bacillus subtilis Natto Fermentation
Authors: Leow Yew Seng , Abdullah Norhafizah , Awang Biak Dayang Radiah , Rozita Rosli Nur Syakina Jamali , Teh Huey Fang
Published: March 2023

Biosurfactants are microbial amphiphiles produced as primary metabolites by varieties of microorganisms. They are preferred over chemically derived surfactants owing to their intrinsic properties, such as superior environmental compatibility, biodegradability, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, and higher tolerance towards extreme environmental conditions such as temperature, salinity, and pH levels. However, commercial production of biosurfactants is still lacking. The main reason for this is the low yields obtained from fermentation processes, which causes them to be unable to compete compared to chemical surfactants. The present study conducted a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analysis on fermentation conditions to enhance biosurfactant yield from a probiotic strain, Bacillus subtilis Natto. The fermentation was conducted by varying parameters such as nitrogen source, vegetable oils, inoculum size, amino acids, and pH of the fermentation medium. Results showed a significant improvement of 45% in biosurfactant production from B. subtilis Natto when the initial pH of the fermentation medium was adjusted to pH 6.8, urea as the nitrogen source, inoculum size of 6% v/v and the addition of palm olein at a concentration of 2% v/v as a substrate in the fermentation medium.
Transfer Learning VGG16 Model for Classification of Tomato Plant Leaf Diseases: A Novel Approach for Multi-Level Dimensional Reduction
Authors: Borugadda Premkumar , Lakshmi Ramasami , Sahoo Satyasangram
Published: March 2023

Tomato is the most popular and cultivated crop in the world. Nevertheless, the quality and quantity of tomato crops have been declining due to various diseases that afflict tomato crops. Hence, it becomes necessary to detect the disease early to prevent crop damage and increase the yield. The proposed model in this article predicts the infected tomato leaf images (9 classified diseases and also healthy class) obtained from the Plant Village dataset. In this model, Transfer learning was used to extract features from images by VGG16, yielding a high dimension of 25088 features. Overfitting is a commonly anticipated problem because of the higher dimensionality of data. To mitigate this problem, the authors have adopted a novel dimensional reduction-based technique: filter methods, feature extraction techniques like Principal Components Analysis (PCA), and the Boruta feature selection technique of wrapper methods. This adoption enables the proposed model to attain a significantly improved high accuracy of 95.68% and 95.79% in MLP and VGG16, respectively, by reducing its initial dimension on the tomato dataset containing 18160 images across 10 classes.
Conceptual Design of a Combined Brake-Accelerator Pedal for Limbs Disabled Driver Using a Hybrid Approach
Authors: Suliano Salami Bahariah , Ahmad Siti Azfanizam , As’arry Azizan , Abdul Aziz Faieza
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the conceptual design of a combined brake-accelerator pedal for limbs disabled drivers using a hybrid approach. A hybrid in which it consists of a combination of TRIZ for design generation, a Morphological Chart for design composition, and a Pugh Matrix for design selection. The aim is to generate and select the best concept design for a combined brake-accelerator pedal with special attention based on the needs of the disabled’s ergonomics. In this paper, the function analysis, cause, and effects analysis, TRIZ contradiction matrix, and 40 Inventive principles were applied in the solution generation stage. The outcomes of solutions proposed in TRIZ were then refined using a Morphological chart to deliberate the design composition of the combined brake-accelerator pedal. As a result, three innovative design concepts of combined brake-accelerator pedals were produced. Pugh Matrix was finally utilized to perform multi-criteria scoring based on the baseline to select the best ergonomics concept for combined brake-accelerator pedals for disabled drivers.
The Photophysiology of Benthic Diatoms in the Intertidal Flats of Pulau Pinang (Malaysia)
Authors: Salleh Sazlina , Cheng Elaine Ee Ling , Hossain Md. Solaiman , Samad Shakila , Abdul Mubin Nur Ain Amani , Muhamad Darif Nur Aqilah , G Jonik Michelle Glory , Mohammad Mahadi
Published: March 2023

The in-situ photosynthetic activity in tropical intertidal benthic diatom in response to environmental variation was assessed in this study by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence. The investigation was carried out during the lowest tide in January (non-rainy day) and February 2013 (post-rainy day) at two sampling sites (A and B) from each selected location (Pantai Jerejak, Teluk Bahang and Tanjung Bungah, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia). Samples of surface sediment (top 0.5 cm) were collected, and chlorophyll a extracted as biomass estimation. Assessments of the photosynthetic activity of benthic diatoms were made using a pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer. Fifty-three species were identified, representing 27 genera from the three studied locations. Both locations showed similarities in species diversity and abundance. Two-way ANOVA showed no significant differences (p = 0.430) in species richness (Margalef Index) among sampling locations, with an average value of 6.33±0.247. Both intertidal flats were dominated by Cocconeis, Navicula, Actinoptychus, and Diploneis. The community has low maximum quantum yields, Fv/Fm (ranging from 0.170 to 0.340) and is often light-limited (Photoacclimation Index, Ek, ranging from 67.96 to 236.71 mol photons m-2 s-1). The relative electron transport rate (rETRmax) was low, with values ranging from 3.45 to 35.51 across three sampling locations. Fluctuation in salinity has caused a decrease in photosynthetic activity. This study suggests that the low values indicated a poorly adapted benthic microalgal community that is constantly light-limited. However, time-series data is needed to determine the ability of these communities to adapt to the changing environment.
Lung Function Analysis of Marble Home Industry Workers in Tulungagung Regency
Authors: Widajati Noeroel , Martiana Tri , Utami Tri Niswati , Jalaludin Juliana , Hamedon Titi Rahmawati
Published: March 2023

This study analyzes the effect of dust exposure and worker characteristics on lung function. This type of research was observational with a cross-sectional design. The population was 20 marble home industry workers in Tulungagung. The total population technique determined the sample. Data analysis was carried out using Smart PLS software. The study results found that sociodemography, including age, nutritional status, and years of service, affected lung function with a t-statistic of 2.604. Dust exposure, which includes respirable dust content and duration of exposure, impacted lung function with a t-statistic of 2.522. Marble artisans in Tulungagung with the age of >35 years and a long working period of >5 years with a level of exposure to silica dust >3 mg/m3 and supported by a long working period of >7 hours had great potential for lung function. The recommendation was for home industry entrepreneurs to provide masks according to standards. The role of public health center officers was to monitor the work environment and regularly check home industry workers’ health.
TOPSIS for Analyzing the Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation Among University Students in Malaysia
Authors: Chan Sin Yin , Ch’ng Chee Keong
Published: March 2023

Globally, suicide is a major public health issue. Suicide is the first or second reason for death among college and university students. The suicide rate among university students is relatively high in Malaysia. Numerous risk factors exacerbate suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is critical to gain as much insight as possible into the risk factors for suicidal ideation among university students and prioritize them based on the importance level. Therefore, students with a high risk for suicide can be identified, and earlier precautions can be taken to assist the students. In this paper, 18 determinants of suicidal ideation were discovered through the systematic literature review, and these factors were then ranked according to the seriousness using the TOPSIS method. The results showed that previous suicide attempts, mental disorders, and negative life events were the most influential factors leading to suicide. In contrast, gender and the residential area had the least impact. The result enables the government, relevant stakeholders, and policymakers to develop comprehensive multisectoral strategies that can prevent suicide effectively.
Subcritical Water Pretreatment for Anaerobic Digestion Enhancement: A Review
Authors: Aili Hamzah Adila Fazliyana , Hamzah Muhammad Hazwan , Che Man Hasfalina , Jamali Nur Syakina , Siajam Shamsul Izhar , Show Pau Loke
Published: March 2023

This work reviews hydrothermal subcritical water pretreatment to enhance biogas production through anaerobic digestion. The complexity of the lignocellulosic structure has been the main limitation contributing to unsatisfactory biogas production throughout the anaerobic digestion. The high resistance of the structure to biological hydrolysis has increased the interest in applying pretreatment prior to anaerobic digestion to facilitate hydrolysis. Hydrothermal subcritical water technology, an environmentally friendly pretreatment that uses water as the main medium, is gaining prominence in biogas enhancement. However, the subcritical water pretreatment influence on structural properties, biogas production, and the production of anaerobic process inhibitors signifies a knowledge gap and needs an evaluation. This review presents the need for pretreatment reaction and properties in the subcritical water region, biogas production from subcritical water pre-treated waste, production of inhibitors, and its challenges are discussed. This pretreatment could be a promising option and further enhance biogas production throughout the anaerobic digestion process.
Intergenerational Fairness and Climate Change Adaptation Policy: An Economic Analysis
Authors: Stephan Gunter
Published: March 2023

Compared to existing needs, climate change adaptation policies are significantly deficient. Since many adaptation measures havethe feature of a local public good, and since benefits accrue to later generations mainly, most environmental economists would argue that the public goods issue is the most plausible reason why incentives are often insufficient for achieving the optimal level of adaptation. Within a stylized overlapping generation model, we show that adaptation is subject to severe intergenerational consistency problems, if pure self-interest is a feature of the generation’s behavior. This explains among others why too little is invested into climate change adaptation. We also show that if the distribution of income between generations matters or if generations behave altruistic, this consistency conflict can be solved and offers possibilities for policy intervention.
 
Received: 17 January 2023 | Revised: 27 February 2023 | Accepted: 28 February 2023 
 
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
ANALISIS RASIO LIKUIDITAS, SOLVABILITAS, AKTIVITAS DAN PROFITABILITAS UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN PT MARTINA BERTO TBK PERIODE 2014-2018
Authors: Satria Rukmana Heru , Mariana Linda
Published: March 2023

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa rasio likuiditas yang terdiri dari rasio lancar (current ratio)pada tahun 2014 berada diatas rata-rata industri dan pada tahun 2015-2018 berada dibawah rata-rata industri, rasio cepat (quick ratio) pada tahun 2014-2016 berada diatas rata-rata industri dan pada tahun 2017-2018 berada dibawah rata-rata industri, rasio kas (cash ratio) pada tahun 2014 berada diatas rata-rata industri dan pada tahun 2015-2018 berada dibawah rata-rata industri. Rasio solvabilitas yang terdiri dari rasio utang terhadap aset (debt to assets ratio) pada tahun 2014 berada dibawah rata-rata industri dan pada tahun 2015-2018 berada diatas rata-rata industri, rasio utang terhadap modal (debt to equity ratio) pada tahun 2014 berada dibawah rata-rata industri dan pada tahun 2015-2018 berada diatas rata-rata industri. Rasio aktivitas yang terdiri dari perputaran piutang (receivable turn over) pada tahun 2014-2018 berada dibawah rata-rata industri, perputaran persediaan (inventory turn over) pada tahun 2014-2017 berada diatas rata-rata industri dan pada tahun 2018 berada di bawah rata-rata industri, perputaran modal kerja (working capital turn over) pada tahun 2014-2018 berada dibawah rata-rata industri, perputaran aset tetap (fixed asset turn over) pada tahun 2014-2018 berada diatas rata-rata industri, perputaran total aset (total asset turn over) pada tahun 2014-2018 berada dibawah rata-rata industri. Rasio profitabilitas yang terdiri dari hasil pengembalian atas aset (return on assets) pada tahun 2014-2018 berada di bawah rata-rata industri, hasil pengembalian atas ekuitas (return on equity) pada tahun 2014-2018 berada di bawah rata-rata industri dan margin laba bersih (net profit margin) pada tahun 2014-2018 berada dibawah rata-rata industri.
Review of Regional Rural Banks that use the CAMELS Model to Analyze Performance
Authors: Shetty Megha D. , Bhat Sudhindra
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Regional rural banks were created to give banking facilities to the rural and under-banked areas of the country. Unfortunately, despite being in operation for over four decades, these banks have been able to make some significant impact on the rural economy, but there is still scope for improvement in many areas. To identify the areas where RRBs in Karnataka need to improve, a study will be conducted to compare the concert of select RRBs in the state. With the CAMELS model, this exploration compares the achievement and evolution of regional rural banks in Karnataka from literature published over the last two decades. The paper focuses on identifying the most significant gaps in the previous research on regional rural banking in Karnataka and correcting them by posing targeted questions for more study.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The current study used a systematic review of the literature approach to determine the research deficit and research agenda. The study's theoretical underpinnings are explored and considered in several peer-reviewed academic studies. The majority of the data included in the current article comes from secondary sources. Secondary data comes from the government website, while other publications, such as journal papers and official publications, were used as verified sources.
Findings: Adequacy ratios, risk-return analysis, financial adequacy, monetary analysis, and investment psychology are only a few of the major topics covered in the literature study. The research agenda and research gap are next examined using the ABCD method. The CAMELS model is a widely used framework for determining the work of banks and financial institutions. It takes into account six key aspects of a bank's operations, namely, capital, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity, and sensitivity to market risk.
Originality/Value: RRBs are crucial to the existing bank system in India since they offer banking services to rural and underbanked regions. The usefulness of RRBs and their microfinance programs for rural residents is examined in this research. The contribution of RRBs to national development
Paper Type: Literature Review
Quantitative Evaluation of “e-Customer Engagement Strategies” of Millennials for Online Brands, through ABCD Analysis Framework
Authors: Raghavan Suresh , Pai Ramesh
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the Millennial’s online customer engagement strategic business model by using the strategic analysis tool under "ABCD analysis framework," and to then list the various key factors that are influencing the proposed model. The analysis is meant to identify the most influential aspects of the model in terms of its four constructs—Advantage, Benefit, Constraints, and Disadvantage—through qualitative and quantitative methods
Design: In order to analyse the model in both qualitative and quantitative ways, the research strategy includes the data collection through a focus group discussion, collecting their responses through a pre-designed response sheet and tallying up their scores according to importance and weight. Before starting to collect data, an extensive literature review was conducted on the analysis tool in question, focusing on its applicability to the business model.
Findings: This study found that online shopping is more widely accepted with the growth of Internet, than traditional brick-and-mortar stores based on data gathered and analysed from focus groups.
Originality: This study makes extensive use of ABCD analysis framework as a business model analysis tool, and it also incorporates the findings of previous studies that have employed the ABCD analysis framework. Moreover, it identifies potential new directions for research into customer engagement on e-commerce websites by listing important factors that need to be taken into account.
Paper Type: Empirical Research Analysis
Epidermolysis in a newborn of a mother affected by covid-19 in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital Agel Košice-Šaca Inc., Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Slovak Republic, Dosedla Erik , Gašparová Petra , Ballová Zuzana , Radaljová Kamila , Calda Pavel
Published: March 2023

Covid-19, caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a pandemic. Although this infection primarily presents with respiratory symptoms, the number of reported extrapulmonary manifestations, including dermatological, is also increasing. A group of pregnant women is particularly susceptible to respiratory diseases, but with regard to covid-19, there is still limited data on the course of infection in pregnancy in relation to the possibility of vertical transmission. We present the case of a 30-year-old unvaccinated patient with a history of overcoming covid-19 infections in the 7th month of pregnancy, and with persistent skin lesions. The patient gave birth to a mature newborn with epidermolytic lesions on a bullous base. In the differential diagnostic process, Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and epidermolysis bullosa were ruled out in the newborn. Considering the clinical findings and epidemiological history of the mother, we assume a possible vertical transmission of covid-19 with skin manifestation of the disease in the newborn. Key words: covid-19 – pregnancy – vertical transmission – skin manifestation – skin graft
The fertility sparing therapy in ectopic pregnancy
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic, Sehnal Borek , Hanáček Jiří , Matěcha Jan , Fanta Michael
Published: March 2023

Objective: A review of current knowledge on the possibilities of fertility sparing therapy in case of ectopic pregnancy. Methods and results: Ectopic pregnancy is defined as implantation of an embryo outside the endometrial cavity, most often in the fallopian tube. This diagnosis is very common among young women. Ectopic pregnancies can be treated using the following three approaches, which can be combined: expectantly, pharmacologically or surgically. Fertility-sparing salpingostomy may be performed during surgical treatment. Medical (pharmacological) treatment consists in the application of methotrexate with a success rate of 75–96%, depending on the initial level of the free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). This is a safe treatment with minimal side effects. There is no standardization of the blood β-hCG level limits or of the size of the ectopic pregnancy mass for choosing expectant, surgical or medical treatment. A considerable increase in the rate of Cesarean sections over the last decades has led to an increase in the occurrence of the implantation of the gestational sac in the hysterotomy scar. There are several options to address this diagnosis, but none is clearly preferred. This issue is also discussed in the article. Conclusion: The goal of ectopic pregnancy treatment is to choose a safe and effective therapy with a low incidence of side effects and maintaining the maximum fertility of women. Properly set indication criteria are most important when choosing the right option. Key words: ectopic pregnancy – cervical pregnancy – cesarean scar pregnancy – medical treatment – efficacy – safety
Traditional and contemporary views on the functional morphology of the fallopian tubes and their importance for gynecological practice
Authors:   Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, Hamranová Natália , Hocinec Natália , Záhumenský Jozef , Csöbönyeiová Mária , Klein Martin , Feitscherová Claudia , Varga Ivan
Published: March 2023

The uterine tube, belonging to the female internal reproductive organs, is the only tubular organ in the human body that has, under physiological conditions, a transport function occurring in two opposite directions. It transports the picked-up oocyte released during ovulation and early embryo towards the uterine cavity. At the same time, it can transport spermatozoa towards the abdominal opening of the fallopian tube. Moreover, the uterine tube has many other vital functions as sperm selection (one of the crucial factors preventing polyspermy) and the production of tubal fluid. This unique secretion is essential not only for the process of fertilization but also for sperm activation and the nourishment of the early embryo during its transport into the uterine cavity. The first part of our review is focused on the historical introduction to the topic in which the reader will become familiar with the views and understanding of these peculiar organs by famous anatomists of the 16th and 17th centuries, namely Gabriele Falloppio and Renier de Graaf. The following section will cover the overview of the latest anatomical, embryological, and histological knowledge, which are also crucial for a better understanding of pathological processes affecting the fallopian tube, such as tubal infertility or tubal pregnancy. Interestingly, recent years have been very fruitful regarding uterine tube morphology, e. g. the discovery of an unique mechanism of lymphatic flow within the uterine tube mucosa, the first description of immunologically-active intraepithelial suppressor T-lymphocytes, or the observation of pacemaker cell population – telocytes – in the muscle layer. Key words: fallopian tube – history – anatomy – histology – embryology – recent findings
Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue as a method for fertility preservation in women
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic, Hončová Veronika
Published: March 2023

Objective: To summarize the current possibilities of ovarian tissue cryopreservation as one of the other possible methods for fertility preservation in women. Methods: Literature review obtained from studies and literature related to ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Conclusion: Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue and its subsequent transplantation has a significant potential for preserving fertility not only for prepubertal and oncological patients, but also for patients with various medical indications leading to premature ovarian insufficiency. In order to maintain the best possible quality of oocytes in cryopreserved ovarian tissue, it is necessary to constantly optimize, standardize and compare both cryopreservation protocols, procedures and strategies, as well as the process of thawing ovarian tissue with its subsequent transplantation. Key words: fertility preservation – cryopreservation of ovarian tissue – slow freezing – vitrification – oncofertility – assisted reproduction – in vitro fertilization – in vitro maturation
Experiences in the reconstruction of untreated severe obstetrical injuries including anal sphincter injuries
Authors:   Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and Na Bulovce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic, Hubka Petr , Thiam Mariétou , Gueye Lamine , Brtnický Tomáš
Published: March 2023

Objective: Summarize information on reconstruction possibilities of extensive obstetrical injuries including anal sphincter injuries. Methods: Review of available information on the possibilities of reconstruction of severe obstetrical injuries including anal sphincter and comparison with own results in the developing countries. Conclusion: Extensive obstetrical injuries of the perineum are major problem that require adequate and early treatment. In the developing countries, perineum dehiscence and the subsequent development of anal incontinence occur much more often. Even after several years, however, there is hope for an improvement in the condition if an adequate suture is performed. Key words: faecal incontinence – obstetrics – anal sphincter
Formulation and Evaluation of Rice Bran Granules
Authors: Nihal Vikas Pathade  , Dr. Sanjay Bais  , Nidda Mulla
Published: March 2023

Rice represents one of the most important food crops in the world, counting for around 20 of the salutary energy input of the global population1. According to estimations, the world’s rice product will reach 499.31 million metric tons over the 2019 – 2020 period.2 after rice harvesting, the whole grain is subordinated to a milling process to gain the well- known white rice kernels that are abundantly consumed each around the world. Depending on the rice variety, civilization procedure, and the employed fashion, around 40 of the total grain is lost during the milling process in the form of by- products.3 The by- products generated through colorful milling way are cocoon, bran, origins, and broken rice, and they're generally discarded or used for beast feeds. Bran is the most seductive of these by- products, because indeed though it represents only 9 of the rice weight, it contains around 65 nutrient origin.
Be Brave, live: reviewing Buffy's journey in Buffy The Vampire Slayer from Final Girl to Heroine twenty-five years later
Authors: Yonekura Yasmim Pereira , Souza Vitor Henrique de
Published: March 2023

The present paper discusses the United-Statesian TV show Buffy the Vampire Slayer reassessing its protagonist, Buffy Summers, in 2022, twenty-five years after its first broadcasting. As a teenage girl turned into a vampire/demon hunter, Buffy undergoes significant changes in relation to her calling as a slayer. Reluctant at first, she comes to terms with her responsibilities later in the series, in a movement that echoes Joseph Campbell’s definition of the monomyth. The authors propose to discuss Buffy’s changes throughout the series, emphasizing key narrative moments, in order to illustrate how the character evolves from what could be perceived as an archetype similar to the “final girl” to a (feminist?) heroine. Additionally, the authors comment on the abuse allegations against Buffy’s creator Joss Whedon, and how they relate to the series’ legacy twenty-five years later.
Association between lung opacities and visceral fat in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sosna Michał , Młynarska Agnieszka , Stasiów Bartłomiej , Młynarski Rafał
Published: March 2023

Introduction

To assess the relationship between the amount of the epigastric visceral fat area and the severity of pneumonia in the course of COVID-19 using chest computed tomography (CT) examinations.

Material and methods

177 patients (54 female), with COVID-19 infection were included. A routine chest CT was performed to assess the severity of pneumonia. The affected lung tissue as well as semi-quantitative scales such as the Chest CT Score and Total Opacity Score were calculated using SyngoVia VB30A CT Pneumonia Analysis software. The epigastric region area of visceral fat (L1) was also determined.

Results

The mean value of the visceral adipose tissue area was 196.23 ± 101.36 cm2. The area of adipose tissue significantly correlated with the percentage of the affected lung tissue (r = 0.1476; p = 0.050), the Chest CT Score (r = 0.2086; p = 0.005), and the Total Opacity Score (r = 0.1744; p = 0.200). The mean area of adipose tissue in the age group ≥ 65 years was 216.13 ± 105.19 cm2, while in the group < 65 years, it was 169.18 ± 89.69 cm2. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

The study showed a relationship between the area of visceral adipose tissue and the degree of lung inflammation in COVID-19 disease in patients under 65 years of age.
Reflexões decoloniais sobre o processo civilizador e descivilizador até os dias atuais: um diálogo com o autocontrole de moradores de periferia no Brasil urbano.
Authors: Barbosa Rodrigo Holanda
Published: March 2023

Com base em Nobert Elias, este artigo discute criticamente o processo interdependente entre civilização e descivilização no sistema-mundo colonial-moderno, e, suas relações com os mecanismos de alteridade e semelhança. Nessa interdependência enfatizamos a violência, foram a servidão e a escravidão dos não europeus que geraram possibilidades de organização do trabalho livre na Europa, num processo de longa duração em que as relações de poder manejam não só diferenças de costumes, mas também nas possibilidades de incorporação do autocontrole e do heterocontrole. Com a ajuda de Elias e da crítica decolonial argumentamos que a informalização dos costumes na continuação do processo civilizador, desde as elites até as camadas baixas, tornou o autocontrole disseminado a todos, apesar que, não de forma homogênea nas cidades, possuindo nuances socioambientais, como indicam vivências e relatos de moradores das periferias brasileiras.
Decolonialidade e educação como devir: avanços e impedimentos da lei 11.645/08
Authors: Oliveira Aline Nóbrega de , Braga Patrícia Benedita Aparecida
Published: March 2023

Este artigo propõe uma análise bibliográfica da formação docente na Licenciatura de História da Universidade de Brasília (UnB), em 2015 e uma reflexão acerca do currículo escolar quanto ao tratamento da questão indígena, na perspectiva teórico-política decolonial, especialmente a partir de Aníbal Quijano e Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Busca-se refletir os efeitos do colonialismo na construção do saber, por meio dos conceitos de colonialidade do saber e epistemologias do sul. Busca refletir os avanços e impedimentos envoltos à efetividade da Lei 11.645/08, marco na superação da narrativa histórica e de desigualdades que envolvem grupos originários. Contudo, a efetividade da Lei ainda é uma reivindicação pois, no universo educacional, a Lei é marcada por silenciamentos e ausências e, quando aplicada, permeada por lógicas coloniais, seja nos currículos da Educação Básica e superior ou na perpetuação de estereótipos em materiais didáticos, na formação docente, dentre outros.
Colonialidade da natureza: análise das áreas protegidas na União Europeia e a distribuição desigual dos ônus ambientais ao Brasil
Authors: Adão Clara De Oliveira
Published: March 2023

O sistema de áreas protegidas tornou-se um dos métodos mais utilizados ao redor do mundo para conservação da biodiversidade. O presente artigo foi feito sob o método hipotético dedutivo, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Possui abordagem decolonial, com análise dos instrumentos jurídicos de proteção das áreas protegidas na União Europeia. O objetivo geral é apresentar os moldes de conservação no ambiente europeu, com os objetivos específicos de descrever o histórico das áreas protegidas no mundo; analisar os movimentos ecologistas que deram azo à conservação ambiental; debater os instrumentos jurídicos do órgão de integração e analisar os impactos das escolhas de conservação para o Brasil. A conclusão do trabalho aponta que a flexibilidade dos instrumentos jurídicos no contexto da União Europeia mitiga a proteção ambiental possível, resultando em uma imposição desigual de ônus ambiental aos países do Sul Global.
Babaların Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri ve Çocuklarının Uyumlu Sosyal Davranışı Arasındaki İlişkide Çocuk Yetiştirme Tutumunun Rolü
Authors: KARADAĞ Atahan , AKÇİNAR Berna
Published: March 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı; toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin, babaların ebeveynlik davranışlarına ve çocukların uyumlu sosyal davranışlarına olan etkilerini incelemektir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, Türkiye’nin farklı illerinde yaşayan 2-6 yaşında çocuğu olan evli ve tam zamanlı bir işte çalışan babalardan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar, basit seçkisiz örnekleme yöntemiyle 12 farklı ilden seçilmiş ve 300 kişiden oluşmuştur. Çalışmada Çocuk Yetiştirme Anketi, Uyumlu Sosyal Davranış Envanteri ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolleri Ölçeği ve Erkeklik Algısı ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışma bulguları göstermektedir ki, babaların eşitlikçi toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine sahip olmaları, çocuklarına gösterdikleri cezalandırıcı ebeveynlik davranışlarıyla olumsuz olarak ilişkilidir. Babaların toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinde eşitlikçi olmaları sıcaklık ve açıklayıcı akıl yürütme ebeveyn davranışlarını ve çocuklarının uyumlu sosyal davranışları ile olumlu bir şekilde ilişkilidir. Babaların toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ile çocukların uyumlu sosyal davranışları arasındaki ilişkide babaların cezalandırıcı, sıcaklık ve açıklayıcı akıl yürütme tutumları aracı rolü üstlendiği bulunmuştur. Ataerkil rollere sahip babaların, bu tutum ve algılardan dolayı ebeveynlik davranışları, ve dolayısıyla çocuklarının da uyumlu sosyal davranışlarının etkilendiği; buna bağlı olarak babaların toplumsal cinsiyet ve babalık davranışlarıyla ilgili eğitimler alarak kendilerini geliştirmelerinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Ekolojik Sistemler Kuramı’na göre mikro sistemde gerçekleşen babaların bu gelişimi toplumsal açıdan da olumlu dönüşümlerin yaşanacağını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmayla birlikte toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinde eşitlikçi olmanın hem babalara hem de küçük yaştaki çocukların gelişmesine katkısı olacağı vurgulanmaktadır.
PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA DAN KADAR CHOLINESTRASE PADA PETANI PENYEMPROT
Authors: Girsang Vierto Irennius , Barus Apriani Novaria , Hutajulu Johansen , Siregar Laura Mariati
Published: March 2023

Using pesticides can decrease the population of organisms in plants. A pesticide which the work of cholinesterase enzyme in the body is oregano phosphate; it also has a side effect on the decrease in cholinesterase content. The research used a cross-sectional design which was aimed to find out the influence of using pesticides on the decrease in blood cholinesterase content in farmers who spray their plants with pesticides at Desa Cikaok, Kecamatan Sitellu Talli Urang Julu, Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat. The samples were farmers who sprayed their plants with pesticides. Chi Square statistic test was used to find out the variables which probably decrease in cholinesterase content at p,0,05. It was found that 26,7% of the respondents underwent a normal decrease in cholinesterase content, and 73,3% of the respondents underwent an abnormal decrease. Statistically, there was a significant correlation between the length of spraying pesticides with the decrease in cholinesterase content in the blood of farmers who sprayed their plants with pesticides at Desa Cikaok at p-value = 0,678. It is recommended that the farmers lessen the duration of spraying in order to reduce the risk of exposure to pesticides and use personal protective devices such as gloves, hats masks, glasses, uniforms, and shoes. The regional government should provide protection, counseling, and training about the procedure of using pesticides in order to forestall the incidence of illness in the farmers who sprayed their plants with pesticides.
Workshop Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Autoplay Media Studio
Authors: Amaliyah AR Rezki , Murtafiah Murtafiah , Amin Nursafitri , Arifin Sartika
Published: March 2023

Media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dalam proses belajar mengajar. Banyak jenis media pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan, salah satunya adalah media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi informasi. Penggunaan media berbasis teknologi berkembang pesat pada abad ini sehingga menuntut para pendidik untuk dapat menguasai berbagai aplikasi media pembelajaran interaktif. Namun kenyataannya, pendidik saat ini belum sepenuhnya menguasai teknologi khususnya dalam mendesain media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis aplikasi autoplay media studio. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilaksanakan suatu kegiatan workshop untuk melatih keterampilan pendidik mendesain media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis autoplay media studio. Workshop ini dilaksanakan selama  empat hari. Hari pertama pemaparan materi oleh narasumber kepada peserta dan tiga hari berikutnya penyesaian tugas mandiri oleh peserta workshop. Hasil yang diperoleh setelah dilaksanakan workshop ini yaitu peserta merespon posistif kegiatan yang telah dilakukan serta peserta mampu mendesain media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis autoplay media studio.
Pengabdian Donor Darah Sukarela “ Setetes Darah Anda Bukti Cinta Pada Sesama”
Authors: Adriana Andi Nur Ilmi , Prayitno Suprapto , Firmansyah  , Temarwut Farid Fani , Ishak Pertiwi , Buang Ariyani , K.A Syarifuddin
Published: March 2023

Darah merupakan komponen penting bagi tubuh. Oleh karena itu persediaan darah di UPT Transfusi Darah Dines Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan harus dijaga. Berdasarkan data dari UPT Transfusi Darah Dines Kesehehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan saat ini saat ini stok darah di UPT Transfusi Darah Dines Kesehatan berkurang. Hal tersebut mendorong Dosen Prodi Farmasi Universitas Pancasakti Makassar untuk mengadakan Pengabdian Masyarakat dengan tema “Setetes Darah Anda Bukti Cinta Pada Sesama “ yang betujuan untuk mensosialisasikan donor darah di tengah masyarakat dan sebagai upaya mebantu ketersediaan stok darah di Kota Makassar. Pengabdian yang dilaksanakan di Universitas Pancasakti Makassar pada tanggal 24 September 2022 Pukul 14.00 hingga pukul 17.00 WITA ini dihadiri oleh 50 orang peserta, meliputi Mahasiswa, Dosen, Staff Universitas Pancasakti Makassar, serta masyarkat setempat. Adapun peserta yang memenuhi syarat untuk mendonorkan darah sebanyak 34 orang atau lebih dari setengah jumlah peserta, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan tersebut berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan
Cover, Table of Contents, Editor's Introduction
Authors: Saara Grizzell
Published: March 2023

Editor’s Introduction to This Issue

Saara Terry Grizzell University of Texas Rio Grande Valley

On behalf of my co-founders and editorial colleagues, Dr. Roy Chen and Dr. Veronica Umeasiegbu, I am pleased to present the next issue of Contemporary Research in Disability and Rehabilitation (CRDR).

This issue contains two articles. In the first article, Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening Practices in the United States and Mexico, Maria Valdez and colleagues present survey results using qualitative data and descriptive statistics to explore the screening and diagnostic practices of 35 professionals (30 in the U.S. and 5 in Mexico) who routinely work with children with ASD. In this study, Valdez and colleagues found many similarities in screening practices between professionals in the U.S. and Mexico. For example, in both the U.S. and Mexico the most frequently reported screening tool was the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT, Robins et al., 2001, 2009).

Other similarities included parent involvement, key concerns around language development, a lack of routine screening for ASD, and the screening of children between the ages of 2 to 4 years old. Differences in screening and diagnostic practices involved the professionals engaged in screening for ASD and the referral process in the aftermath of failed ASD screenings.

In the second article, Multicultural Counselor Supervision and Perceived Differences on Client Outcomes, Dr. Perez and colleagues present original research exploring the differences in perceptions among counselor supervisors and supervisees about the impact of multicultural supervision upon client outcomes. In this study, sixty-one participants consisted of faculty, counselor supervisors, counselors, and graduate students in counseling programs. This study found that multicultural supervision/competence predicted supervisor perceptions of client outcome, thus highlighting the importance of multicultural supervision and the need to improve training in multicultural competence.

With that being said, I hope you enjoy this publication of CRDR.

Sincerely,

Saara Terry Grizzell, Ph.D., CRC, LVRC, LCDC, LPC Outgoing Editor, CRDR
Measurement report: Brown Carbon Aerosol in Polluted Urban Air of North China Plain: Day-night Differences in the Chromophores and Optical Properties
Authors: Gong Yuquan , Huang Ru-Jin , Yang Lu , Wang Ting , Yuan Wei , Xu Wei , Cao Wenjuan , Wang Yang , Li Yongjie
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Brown carbon (BrC) aerosol is light-absorbing organic carbon that affects radiative forcing and atmospheric photochemistry. The BrC chromophoric composition and its linkage to optical properties at the molecular level, however, are still not well characterized. In this study, we investigate the day-night differences in the chromophoric composition (38 species) and optical properties of water-soluble and water-insoluble BrC fractions (WS-BrC and WIS-BrC) in aerosol samples collected in Shijiazhuang, one of the most polluted cities in China. We found that the light absorption contribution of WS-BrC to total BrC at 365 nm was higher during the day (62 ± 8 %) than during the night (47 ± 26 %), which is in line with the difference in chromophoric polarity between daytime (more polar nitrated aromatics) and nighttime (more less-polar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs). The high polarity and water solubility of BrC in daytime suggests the enhanced contribution of secondary formation to BrC during the day. There was a decrease of the mass absorption efficiency of BrC from nighttime to daytime (2.88 ± 0.24 vs. 2.58 ± 0.14 for WS-BrC and 1.43 ± 0.83 vs. 1.02 ± 0.49 m2 gC-1 for WIS-BrC, respectively). Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with 4–6-rings PAHs and nitrophenols contributed to 76.7 % of the total light absorption between 300–420 nm at night time, while nitrocatechols and 2–3-ring oxygenated PAHs accounted for 52.6 % of the total light absorption at day. The total mass concentrations of the identified chromophores showed larger day-night difference during the low-pollution period (day-to-night ratio of 4.3) than during the high-pollution period (day-to-night ratio of 1.8). The large day-night difference in BrC composition and absorption, therefore, should be considered when estimating the sources, atmospheric processes and impacts of BrC.
Why do inverse models disagree? A case study with two European CO2 inversions
Authors: Munassar Saqr , Monteil Guillaume , Scholze Marko , Karstens Ute , Rödenbeck Christian , Koch Frank-Thomas , Totsche Kai U. , Gerbig Christoph
Published: March 2023

Abstract. We present an analysis of atmospheric transport impact on
estimating CO2 fluxes using two atmospheric inversion systems
(CarboScope-Regional (CSR) and Lund University Modular Inversion Algorithm (LUMIA)) over Europe in 2018. The main focus of
this study is to quantify the dominant drivers of spread amid CO2
estimates derived from atmospheric tracer inversions. The Lagrangian
transport models STILT (Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport) and FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) were used to assess the impact of
mesoscale transport. The impact of lateral boundary conditions for CO2
was assessed by using two different estimates from the global inversion
systems CarboScope (TM3) and TM5-4DVAR. CO2 estimates calculated with
an ensemble of eight inversions differing in the regional and global
transport models, as well as the inversion systems, show a relatively large
spread for the annual fluxes, ranging between −0.72 and 0.20 PgC yr−1, which is
larger than the a priori uncertainty of 0.47 PgC yr−1. The discrepancies
in annual budget are primarily caused by differences in the mesoscale
transport model (0.51 PgC yr−1), in comparison with 0.23 and 0.10 PgC yr−1 that resulted from the far-field contributions and the inversion
systems, respectively. Additionally, varying the mesoscale transport caused
large discrepancies in spatial and temporal patterns, while changing the
lateral boundary conditions led to more homogeneous spatial and temporal
impact. We further investigated the origin of the discrepancies between
transport models. The meteorological forcing parameters (forecasts versus
reanalysis obtained from ECMWF data products) used to drive the transport
models are responsible for a small part of the differences in CO2
estimates, but the largest impact seems to come from the transport model
schemes. Although a good convergence in the differences between the
inversion systems was achieved by applying a strict protocol of using
identical prior fluxes and atmospheric datasets, there was a non-negligible
impact arising from applying a different inversion system. Specifically, the
choice of prior error structure accounted for a large part of
system-to-system differences.
Comparison of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) product distributions from guaiacol oxidation by non-phenolic and phenolic methoxybenzaldehydes as photosensitizers in the absence and presence of ammonium nitrate
Authors: Go Brix Raphael , Li Yong Jie , Huang Dan Dan , Wang Yalin , Chan Chak K.
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Aromatic carbonyls (e.g., methoxybenzaldehydes), an important class of photosensitizers, are abundant in the atmosphere. Photosensitization and nitrate-mediated photo-oxidation can occur simultaneously, yet studies about their interactions, particularly for aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation, remain limited. This study compared non-phenolic (3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, DMB) and phenolic (vanillin, VL) methoxybenzaldehydes as photosensitizers for aqSOA formation via guaiacol (GUA) oxidation in the absence and presence of ammonium nitrate (AN) under atmospherically relevant cloud and fog conditions. GUA oxidation by triplet excited states of DMB (3DMB∗) (GUA + DMB) was ∼ 4 times faster and exhibited greater light absorption than oxidation by 3VL∗ (GUA + VL). Both GUA + DMB and GUA + VL formed aqSOA composed of oligomers, functionalized monomers, oxygenated ring-opening species, and N-containing products in the presence of AN. The observation of N-heterocycles such as imidazoles indicates the participation of ammonium in the reactions. The majority of generated aqSOA comprises potential brown carbon (BrC) chromophores. Oligomerization and functionalization dominated in GUA + DMB and GUA + VL, but functionalization appeared to be more important in GUA + VL due to contributions from VL itself. AN did not significantly affect the oxidation kinetics, but it had distinct effects on the product distributions, likely due to differences in the photosensitizing abilities and structural features of DMB and VL. In particular, the more extensive fragmentation in GUA + DMB than in GUA + VL likely generated more N-containing products in GUA + DMB + AN. In GUA + VL + AN, the increased oligomers may be due to VL-derived phenoxy radicals induced by ⚫OH or ⚫NO2 from nitrate photolysis. Furthermore, increased nitrated products observed in the presence of both DMB or VL and AN than in AN alone imply that photosensitized reactions may promote nitration. This work demonstrates how the structural features of photosensitizers affect aqSOA formation via non-carbonyl phenol oxidation. Potential interactions between photosensitization and AN photolysis were also elucidated. These findings facilitate a better understanding of photosensitized aqSOA formation and highlight the importance of AN photolysis in these reactions.