bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Y-27632-mediated long-term expansion of salivary gland epithelial cells
Authors: Kim Kichul , Oh Naeun , Kim Hyewon , Roh Sangho
Published: August 2022

In salivary glands, epithelial cells perform functional activities such as the production and secretion of saliva. Therefore, the use of salivary gland epithelial cells to study general biology or drug screening may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for salivary gland diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of long-term in vitro expansion methods for salivary gland epithelial cells (SG-Epis) are unknown. Here, we present the roles of the rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632 in maintaining SG-Epis and its underlying mechanisms. The treatment with Y-27632 significantly increased the proliferative potential and maintained the expression of Krt8 and Krt14 for 17 passages. Conversely, in the absence of Y-27632, SG-Epis lost their epithelial morphology. The treatment with Y-27632, however, maintained the epithelial morphology and downregulated the mRNA levels of Tgf-β1, Ctgf, and Rock2. Treatment with TGF-β1 reveals that TGF-β/CTGF/p38 signaling is responsible for the maintenance of SG-Epis. RNA interference study shows that ROCK2/JNK signaling is also required for proliferation and maintenance of SG-Epis. The culture method using Y-27632 provides a solution for efficient in vitro expansion of SG-Epis.
Utility and Optimal Cut-off point of the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 in severe Somatic Symptoms and Related Disorders with Central Sensitization Syndrome
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuaki , Takeuchi Takeaki , Hiiragi Miki , Koyama Akiko , Nakamura Yuzo , Hashizume Masahiro
Published: August 2022

Background
In central sensitization syndrome (CSS), functional physical symptoms are severe due to central sensitization. The Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8) is a simple tool to assess medical conditions with somatic symptoms and related disorders, but the cut-off point to identify severe cases of comorbid CSS is unknown. This study aimed to determine the SSS-8 score cut-off point for discriminating severe somatic symptoms and related conditions.
Methods
In total, 143 patients with somatic symptoms and related disorders attending outpatient clinics of a university hospital in Japan were included in the study. The participants were evaluated using the SSS-8 for somatic symptoms, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depressive symptoms, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) for catastrophic thoughts, and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-A, B) for CSS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed using the propensity score. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using a propensity score considering PCS, age, sex, HADS, and CSI-B as confounders of SSS-8 and CSS to evaluate differences in diagnostic accuracy between patients with and without SSS-8. The sensitivity and specificity of the ROC analysis were then used to determine the cut-off point for discriminating severe cases of SSS-8.
Results
Of the 143 participants, 126 responded (51 in the CSS group and 75 in the non-CSS group), with a valid response rate of 88.1 percent. In the ROC analysis, the propensity score including SSS-8 was statistically more accurate. The optimal SSS-8 score for discriminating severe cases of somatic symptoms and related disorders was at 13 points, with an AUC of 0.88, sensitivity of 84.3 percent, and specificity of 77.3 percent.
Conclusions
The SSS-8 is a useful tool for discriminating severe cases of somatic symptomatology and related disorders comorbid with CSS.
Land use/land cover change projection of Tawi Catchment, Western Himalayas using Markov-CA
Authors: Jasrotia Avtar Singh , Kour Retinder , Singh Komal Kumar , Thakur Praveen K. , Bhagat Shivangi
Published: August 2022

Land use/land cover has become a prime concern that urgently needs to be addressed in the study of global environmental change. In the present study, supported by the land use/land cover maps of the retrospective time periods 2000, 2010 and 2020, derived using Landsat TM and OLI datasets, respectively; we used the land-use transition matrix, Markov-CA chain model to derive detailed information of the spatio-temporal variation of the land use/land cover change. Additionally, we highlight decrease in forest land (19 km2 and 37.7 km2, i.e., 0.88% and 1.75% of the total area), rangeland (0.2 km2 and 1.9 km2, 0.01% and 0.09%), and perennial snow or ice (8 km2 and 9 km2, 0.37% and 0.42%); on the other hand, increase in agricultural land (19 km2 and 33.9 km2, 0.88% and 1.58%), urban or built-up land (4.44 km2 and 8.6 km2, 0.21% and 0.40%) and water (4.18 km2 and 6.28 km2, 0.19% and 0.29%), during 2010 and 2020 relative to baseline period 2000. Finally, based on the CA transition rules and the transition area matrix produced from the Markov-CA chain model based calibration process, the future land use/land cover maps were projected for 2050 and 2080.
Sterculic acid inhibits fenretinide-induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: William Samuel , Duncan Todd , Redmond T. Michael
Published: August 2022

The ratio of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids, thought to play a critical role in many cellular functions, is regulated by stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Previously, we observed a decrease in both SCD protein and enzymatic activity in apoptosis induced by fenretinide, a synthetic analog of retinoic acid, in the human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line ARPE-19. Here, we investigated the effect of sterculic acid, a cyclopropenoic fatty acid inhibitor of SCD, on fenretinide-induced apoptosis, given the role of SCD in cell proliferation and apoptosis. We show that sterculic acid abrogates the effects of fenretinide-induced apoptosis shown by changes in cell morphology, viability, and caspase-3 activation. Analysis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteins shows that sterculic acid reduced the fenretinide upregulated expression of heme oxygenase-1, ATF3 and GADD153 that are in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, sterculic acid elicits a similar degree of inhibition of fenretinide-induced ROS generation by xanthine oxidase as does allopurinol, and also reduces SOD2 expression. Dihydroceramide accumulation, compared to ceramide, and ROS generation indicate that a ceramide-independent pathway mediates apoptosis. Fenretinide-induced activation of NF-kBp50 and NF-kBp65 illuminates the signaling cascade downstream of ROS generation. Its inhibition by sterculic acid further indicates the latter’s antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effect. Taken together, our results suggest that sterculic acid can mitigate fenretinide-induced apoptosis and may serve as a potential antioxidant and therapeutic agent. These effects may be independent of its effects on SCD activity
Study of the three-dimensional structure of tryptophan zipper peptides through ¹H NMR chemical shifts calculations
Authors: de Albuquerque Ana Carolina Ferreira , Junior Fernando Martins dos Santos
Published: August 2022

Most biological functions of proteins are directly connected to their primary structures and, encoded by these, to the spatial conformations they assume in solution. Therefore, the study of the three-dimensional structures of proteins is essential for the complete understanding of their functions. Nowadays, several methods are commonly used for the structural determination of proteins, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray Crystallography. However, these methodologies have limitations, which can make the structural study of proteins an arduous and costly process. In this scenario, quantum-mechanical calculations of chemical shifts are a potential tool to support experimental techniques. In this work, we intend to investigate the applicability of NMR chemical shift calculations in the study of three-dimensional structures of peptides. For this, we selected the peptide Tryptophan Zipper 1 (Trpzip 1) as a study model. In addition, in order to analyze the stability of the three-dimensional structure elements of tryptophan zippers against changes in the sequence, a peptide with a mutation in the primary structure of Trpzip 1 was proposed. Through chemical shifts calculations, it was possible to identify a probable structural change in the β-turn region of the mutant peptide against Trpzip 1.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the minor papilla with pancreas divisum: A review of the literature and report of a case
Authors: Saito Kenta , Matsuo Yoichi , Denda Yuki , Nonoyama Keisuke , Murase Hiromichi , Kato Tomokatsu , Hayashi Yuichi , Imafuji Hiroyuki , Morimoto Mamoru , Ogawa Ryo , Takahashi Hiroki , Takiguchi Shuji
Published: August 2022

BackgroundNeuroendocrine tumors of the minor papilla are very rare, and only 20 cases have been reported in the literature. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the minor papilla with pancreas divisum has not been reported; thus, this report describes the first case. Neuroendocrine tumors of the minor papilla have been reported in association with pancreas divisum in about 50% of cases reported in the literature. We herein present our case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the minor papilla with pancreas divisum in a 75-year-old male with a systematic literature review of the previous 20 reports of neuroendocrine tumors of the minor papilla.Case presentationA 75-year-old man was referred to our hospital for evaluation of dilation of the main pancreatic duct noted on abdominal ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed a dilated dorsal pancreatic duct, which was not connected to the ventral pancreatic duct; however, it opened to the minor papilla, indicating pancreas divisum. The common bile duct had no communication with the pancreatic main duct and opened to the ampulla of Vater. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed a 12-mm hypervascular mass near the ampulla of Vater. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed a defined hypoechoic mass in the minor papilla with no invasion. The biopsies performed at the previous hospital found adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent a subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. The pathological diagnosis was neuroendocrine carcinoma. At the 15-year follow-up visit, the patient was doing well with no evidence of tumor recurrence.ConclusionIn our case, because the tumor was discovered during a medical check-up relatively early in the course of disease, the patient was doing well at the 15-year follow-up visit with no evidence of tumor recurrence. Diagnosing a tumor of the minor papilla is very difficult because of the relatively small size and submucosal location. Carcinoids and endocrine cell micronests in the minor papilla occur more frequently than generally thought. It is very important to include neuroendocrine tumors of the minor papilla in the differential diagnosis of patients with recurrent pancreatitis or pancreatitis of unknown cause, especially for patients with pancreas divisum.
Effect of particle size distribution on techno-functional properties of Chenopodium album (Bathua) powder
Authors: Kundu Priyanka , Gupta Prerna , Kumar Mukul
Published: August 2022

With the growing population, demand and supply of nutrients are falling short and underutilized greens offer promising nutritive value to nourish the ever-increasing population. The present study aims to use bathua, an edible weedy crop as an extensive source of essential minerals and antioxidants having anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-iflammatory, hypotensive, anti-cancerous, contraceptive, odontalgic, and laxative properties. Being locally confined and perishable, there is a need to concentrate on its commercialization. For this, bathua leaves were dried at a temperature of 50°C and analysed with particle sizes 24, 36, 52, 76, 100, 200 and 300 BSS. A decrease in the bulk density (0.53 ± 0.01 to 0.24 ± 0.02 g/cm3), oil holding capacity (60.12 ± 0.02 to 16.02 ± 0.04%), emulsion capacity and stability (23.99 ± 0.01to 21.82 ± 0.04%), (32.47 ± 0.02 to 19.12 ± 0.02%), foam stability (3.97 ± 0.03 to 1.79 ± 0.01%), tapped density (0.60 ± 0.01to 0.29 ± 0.01g/ml), and angle of repose (35.71 ± 0.01to 26.56 ± 0.11) was observed as the particle size decreased, and an increase in the water holding capacity (12.94 ± 0.02 to 15.98 ± 0.02), water solubility index (7.27 ± 0.02 to 10.98 ± 0.02), foam capacity (1.81 ± 0.02 to 5.81 ± 0.03%), swelling capacity (3.98 to 6.02 ± 0.13%) and wettability (91 ± 0.57 to 222 ± 0.57) was observed. Results concluded that powdered form of bathua can be used as a functional ingredient in food formulations like pasta, nuggets, soups, RTS flat breads, biscuits.
How Education Level Influences Internet Security Knowledge, Behaviour, and Attitude: A Comparison among Undergraduates, Postgraduates and Working Graduates
Authors: An Qin , Hong Wilson Cheong Hin , Xu XiaoShu , Zhang YunFeng , Kolletar-Zhu Kimberly
Published: August 2022

During the pandemic, the prevailing online learning has brought tremendous benefits to the education fields, however, it has also become a target for cybercriminals. Cybersecurity awareness (CSA) or Internet security awareness (ISA) in the education sector turns out to be critical to mitigating cybersecurity risks. However, previous research indicated that using education level alone to judge CSA level received inconsistent results. This study postulated Social Educational Level (SEL) as a moderator with an extended Knowledge- Attitude-Behaviour (KAB) model, used students’ year level as a proxy for the impact of education level, used work exposure for the influence of social education level, to compare CSA among undergraduates, postgraduates and working graduates. The participants in the study were divided into six groups, namely Year 1 university students, Year 2-3university students, final year students, postgraduate students and young working graduates, and experienced working graduates. Human Aspects of Information Security Questionnaire (HAIS-Q) was used to conduct a large-scale survey. The Multivariate regression model analysis showed significant differences among the knowledge, attitude and behaviour dimensions across groups with different conditions of year level and work exposure. However, it was found that SEL played a more significant role than an individual’s education level. The study suggested that a greater endeavour be committed to educating the public at large together with individuals, institutes, corporate and governments to improve the national CSA level.
Synergistic effect of bio-inspired Psyllium/Okra hybrid backbone based hydrogel using RSM optimization for efficient removal of toxic malachite green dye and sequestration of uranium (VI) ions from water
Authors: Singh Anjali , Kaith Balbir Singh , Mehra Rohit , Sree C S , Lohan Balram , Bhatti Manpreet Singh
Published: August 2022

The objective of the present work is to fabricate environment-friendly biosorbent semi-Interpenetrating Network Device based on Psyllium-Okra hybrid backbone and acrylamide by using citric acid and ammonium persulphate as the crosslinker and initiator respectively. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of different reaction parameters that sequentially maximized the percentage swelling of the fabricated gel. Amalgamation of acrylamide chains onto Psyllium-Okra based hybrid backbone functional groups present and crosslinking between the different polymeric chains were further confirmed through techniques like FTIR, SEM-EDX and PXRD. The sample showed better thermal stability with decomposition of different phases at higher temperatures. The synthesized semi-IPN was successfully proved to be the proficient candidate for the removal of cationic toxic malachite green dye (62.38 %) with an adsorbent dose of 1.0 g, initial concentration of 10 mg L-1 and time interval of five minute at ambient temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were studied in order to determine the nature of adsorption took place and it was analysed that Langmuir adsorption isotherm was the best fit model for the removal of toxic cationic malachite green dye. Kinetic studies for the sorption of dyes favoured the reaction mechanism to occur via a pseudo second order pathway with R2 value about 0.99. The synthesized semi-IPN was also utilized in uranium (VI) uptake with an adsorbent dose of 1.0 g, initial concentration of 100 ppb, time interval of 55 minutes at room temperature. The semi-IPN could uptake 97.10 ppb uranium (VI) and was observed highly efficient in uranium (VI) ions removal from aqueous medium. Thus, adsorption studies indicated that semi-IPN prepared out of natural blend was found effective in the sequestration of toxic dyes and heavy metal ions.
PEIJ_PIEJ DB: A Putative Database for Intron Retention
Authors: Hong Xu
Published: August 2022

Unlike exon skipping, intron retention is another type of important mechanism of alternative splicing in higher eukaryotes. Although high throughput tandem (MS/MS) mass spectrometry provides extensive information for rapidly identifying potentially novel alternatively-spliced protein products from experimental datasets, the possibility to identify alternative splicing events through tandem mass spectrometry relies on the database with which the spectra will be searched. In this research, the previous putative exon-exon junction database (PEEJ DB) aimed at and specified for putative exon skipping events in all kinds of alternative splicing studies is extended and a theoretical exon-intron junction and putative intron-exon junction database (PEIJ_PIEJ DB) to account for all possible exon-intron (or intron-exon) combinations and all possible intron internal retention events for every gene in the human genome from the EnsEMBL core database has been built up.Application of the constructed PEIJ_PIEJ DB to non-ETS gene fusion sequences in human prostate cancer RNA-Seq data demonstrates the putative exon-intron junction and putative intron-exon junction database (PEIJ_PIEJ DB) can identify intron retentions with reliable confidence in the non-ETS gene fusion sequences, suggesting that this putative database is helpful for scientific researchers in alternative splicing studies involving intron retention events from high-throughput experimental datasets such as proteomics datasets and next generation sequencing ones. The sourcecode implementing the database is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/peij-piej.
Ensemble Model for Multiclass Imbalanced Data Using Cluster Computing of Spark
Authors: Khandekar Varsha S. , Shrinath Pravin
Published: August 2022

Big data analysis using machine learning has become challenging problem to solve today. It become more challenging in classification problems when class distribution is imbalanced. In this paper we propose distributed ensemble model with intelligence technique based on Particle Swarm Optimization to overcome the imbalanced problem.For compensating the class imbalance first SMOTE is used to balance the minority class samples and then sampling based using Particle Swarm Optimization is applied. Here to perform fast processing whole model is implemented using spark-cluster computing which uses the underlying concept of parallel programming of spark RDD. Results of proposed system has shown the consistent improvements on several evaluation metrics and overall processing time. Evaluation of proposed system has been done using number of slaves in cluster,Precision,Recall and F-measure and also comparison between sequential and distributed ensemble model. Most of the existing techniques are showing different performance for different datasets, while proposed method has shown better generalization property which improves the data-model dependency issue. Proposed model has evaluate using KDD-CUP’99 intrusion detection and insect sensor dataset.For the datasets it shown better improvement over traditional sampling techniques.
Long-term persistence to aflibercept therapy among treatment-naïve patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration in a universal health care system: A retrospective study
Authors: Angermann Reinhard , Franchi Alexander , Frede Katharina , Stöckl Victoria , Palme Christoph , Kralinger Martina , Zehetner Claus
Published: August 2022

Background
This study aimed to analyse the persistence rates of treatment-naïve patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) that received intravitreal aflibercept therapy in a universal health care system.
Methods
In this single-centre retrospective cohort study, we audited data of 918 treatment-naïve patients that received exclusively intravitreal aflibercept therapy for nAMD between September 2015 and May 2021. Primary outcome measures were nonpersistence (gap of ophthalmological care > 6 months) and long-term nonpersistence (> 12 months) rates.
Results
The rates of nonpersistence and long-term nonpersistence were 12.3% and 3.4%, respectively, after one year and 22.4% and 9.5%, respectively, after two years; and increased to 38.3% and 19.3%, respectively, after five years. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age (p = 0.045), male patients (p = 0.039), patients requiring caretakers or ambulance (p = 0.001), and patients with a low visual acuity of the study eye (p = 0.010) or fellow eye (p = 0.029) were independent risk factors for long-term nonpersistence. Patients aged > 80 and > 85 years (p = 0.013 and p = 0.022, respectively) had more than twice the risk for being nonpersistent to therapy within two years of follow-up. Male patients (p = 0.033), patients requiring caretaker (p = 0.038), and patients living > 60 km from the clinic (p = 0.029) had a two times higher risk of being persistently nonpersistent to therapy.
Conclusions
We found a lower nonpersistence rate in patients with nAMD treated with aflibercept compared to that of current literature. Multiple independent risk factors were correlated with long-term nonpersistence, early nonpersistence, or complete loss to follow-up. Considering the possible consequences of reduced compliance, further strategies are urgently needed for patients at risk of nonpersistence to therapy.
The Effect Of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy On The Development Of Acute Renal Failure In Patients With Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ozdemir Imge , Ozdemir Ibrahim Halil , Ozturk Tulun , Amanvermez Dilsad , Yıldırım Funda
Published: August 2022

Objective: AKI occurs in 5% to 42% of patients after cardiac surgery. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of goal-directed fluid therapy in the perioperative period on the development of AKI in the early period in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods: The study was designed prospectively at single academic center. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery were divided into two groups according to perioperative fluid management: Group Control (Group C, n=30): Fluid management was performed with traditional monitoring method. Group Study (Group S, n=30): It was performed with transesophageal doppler and transthoracic doppler fluid management. Clinical and hemodynamic data were recorded at preoperative (t0), postoperative 4th hour (t2), 24th hour (t3) and 48th hour (t4). Serum creatinine, GFR, Cystatin-C and KIM-1 values were measured as AKI indicators.Results: Postoperative fluid requirement was significantly lower in the study group (p=0.002). Postoperative total balance was significantly more negative in the study group than in the control group (p<0.0001). ERT requirement was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (intraoperative, p=0.02; postoperative, p=0.002). Cystatin-C was significantly lower in the study group at the postoperative 24th and 48th hours. (respectively, p<0.04, p<0.02). AKI development rates were similar between the groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: GDFT should be considered in the foreground because it shortens the length of hospital stay and reduces unnecessary fluid load in patients who are scheduled for major surgery. Cystatin-C can be used more prominently in the evaluation of AKI as a biomarker.
Comparative Postnatal Cytoarchitecture of some non-cranial nerve nuclei in the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus).
Authors: Ogbonnaya Obioma , Ibe Chikera Samuel , Ikpegbu Ekele
Published: August 2022

This study postnally compared the cytoarchitecture of inferior olivary nucleus, dorsal and medial nuclei of corpus trapezoidium and; lateral nucleus of reticular formation in African giant rat (AGR). Thirty captive; apparently healthy AGRs consisting ten each of neonates, juveniles and adults were used. Following sedation, euthanasia was achieved by perfusion of 4% paraformaldehyde via left ventricle; head was cut and fixed for three days in 10% formaldehyde before harvesting the brain. Normal histological procedure was performed and tissues stained with Thionin and Haematoxylin-Eosin stains. The following were found: (a) The fibre shaft of inferior olivary nucleus was characterized by radial glial cells in neonates; neurons formed with undivided nucleus in juveniles; three major subnuclei of inferior olive principal, inferior olive dorsal, and inferior olive medial and two minor subnuclei of inferior olive ventrolateral protrusion and inferior olive Beta in adults. (b) The dorsal nucleus of corpus trapezoidium had oligodendrocytes in their nucleus and thick axons in neurons of all age groups. (c) There were numerous immature migrating neurons of radial glial fiber shaft within extracellular matrix of lateral nucleus of reticular formation in neonates, with numerous blood vessels in all age groups. (d) The medial trapezoid body was characterized by numerous giant pyramidal cells in adults. The relatively poor, improved and dominant acoustic structures in neonates, juveniles and adults respectively; with their visual structures generally poorly developed, though better in adults, is an indication that adults have better audition and vision followed by juveniles and lastly neonates.
Invitro Activity of Tigecycline against Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Blood Stream Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Yadav Ajay , Khanal Basudha , Bhattarai Narayan Raj
Published: August 2022

Background: Multidrug resistant (MDR) enterobacteriaceae like extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-beta lactamase (MBL) are being encountered as the causative agents of blood stream infection. To overcome this, accurate diagnosis of MDR pattern with appropriate antibiotics is required. Tigecycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic which exhibit strong activity against MDR enterobacteriaceae. This study is aimed to find out resistance pattern like ESBL and MBL with invitro activity of tigecycline against enterobacteriaceae.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, from 1st September 2014 to 31st August 2015. Confirmation for ESBL was done as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) and MBL production was detected by double disk synergy test. Antibiotic sensitivity test against tigecycline was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: 192 (1.70%) enterobacteriaceae were isolated throughout the study. Among them, 94 (49%) were ESBL, 51 (26.5%) were carbapenemase and 22 (11.5%) were MBL producers. A total of 64 (33.4%) isolates were found to be MDR. None of the isolates was resistant against tigecycline.Conclusion: Tigecycline is found to have excellent invitro activity against MDR enterobacteriaceae from BSI.
Improve Generalization in Deep Neural Network using Multivariate Statistical Knowledge Transformation
Authors: Morabbi Sajedeh , Soltanizadeh Hadi , Mozaffari Saeed , Fadaeieslam MohammadJavad
Published: August 2022

Most DNNs are trained in an over-parametrized regime. In this case, the numbers of their parameters are more than available training data which reduces the generalization capability and performance on new and unseen samples. generalization of deep neural networks (DNNs) has been improved through applying various methods such as regularization techniques, data enhancement, network capacity restriction, injection randomness, etc. In this paper, we proposed an effective generalization method, named multivariate statistical knowledge transformation, which learns feature distribution to separate samples based on variance of deep hypothesis space in all dimensions. Moreover, the proposed method uses latent knowledge of the target to boost the confidence of its prediction. Our method was evaluated on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 datasets. The multivariate statistical knowledge transformation produces competitive results, compared with the state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results show that the proposed method improves the generalization of a DNN by 5% in test error and makes it much faster to converge in total runs.
Effects of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta Gene Polymorphisms on the Plasma Concentration of Aripiprazole in Chinese Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Xu Zhizhong , Wen Chunyan , Huang Yinghua , Yuan Qianfa , Zhang Xianhua , Lin Duoduo , Liu Liangsheng , Wang Wenqiang
Published: August 2022

This study explored the differences in glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) gene polymorphisms between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and investigated the association between gene polymorphisms and plasma concentration of aripiprazole. We enrolled 127 patients with schizophrenia and 125 healthy controls from southern Fujian. The genotypes of rs6438552, rs12630592, and rs3732361 loci of GSK3β were evaluated by sequencing with amplified polymerase chain reaction, and the plasma concentration of aripiprazole was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. All three locus of GSK3β had three genotypes each. The genotype distribution in each locus was not significantly different, but there was a significant difference in the allele frequency between the schizophrenia and control groups within each locus. Linkage disequilibrium analyses of the three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed strong linkage. The haplotype analysis results showed two haplotypes in the three SNPs of GSK3β. The plasma concentrations, dose-corrected concentrations, and normalized concentrations of aripiprazole were significantly different among the different genotypes of the three SNPs. In conclusion, the rs6438552, rs12630592, and rs3732361 loci of GSK3β may be involved in schizophrenia, and GSK3β gene polymorphism may be correlated with the plasma concentration of aripiprazole.
Hybrid Red Fox and Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm-based Clustering scheme for improving network longevity in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Anandkumar R. , Rao P. V. Venkateswara , Rajaboina Nagendra Babu
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Laser annealing-induced phase transformation behaviors of multicomponent metal alloy, oxide and nitride nanoparticle combinations
Authors: Li Yun , Tay Yee Yan , Buenconsejo Pio , Manalastas William , Tu Wei Han , Lim Hong Kit , Salim Teddy , Thompson Michael , Madhavi Srinivasan , Tay Chor Yong , Tan Kwan
Published: August 2022

Multicomponent inorganic nanoparticles made up of dissimilar elements have enormous potentials in various fields and applications such as catalysis, energy generation and bioengineering. Developments of facile rapid synthesis routes toward functional multicomponent nanoparticles of metals and ceramics with control of single/mixed crystalline structure configurations as well as understanding their transformative behaviors to enable unexpected properties, however, have remained challenging. Here we describe a transient laser heating strategy to generate multicomponent metal alloy, oxide and nitride nanoparticles. Laser irradiation of the identical metal salt mixture under different millisecond heating times provides direct control of cooling rates and thereby results in multicomponent alloy nanoparticles with tunable single- and multiphasic solid solution characteristics, atomic compositions, nanoparticle morphologies and physicochemical properties. Extending the elemental selection to nitride-forming precursors enables laser-induced carbothermal reduction and nitridation of multicomponent tetragonal rutile oxide nanoparticles to the cubic rock salt nitride phase. The combination of laser heating with spatially resolved X-ray diffraction facilitates combinatorial studies of phase transitions and reaction pathways of multicomponent nanoparticles. These findings provide a general strategy to design nonequilibrium multicomponent metal alloys and ceramic materials amalgamations for fundamental studies and practical applications such as carbon nanotube growth, water splitting and antimicrobial applications.
Rydberg-dressed bosonic quantum gases trapped in optical lattices
Authors:   , Barbier Mathieu Julien Gérard
Published: August 2022

Folgend auf den ersten Realisierungen von Bose-Einstein Kondensaten erschienen weitere innovative Experimente, die sich in den optischen Gittern gefangenen Quantengasen widmeten. In diesen zahlreichen, wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen konnten die Eigenschaften von Bose-Einstein Kondensaten besser verstanden werden. Das Prinzip von Vielteilchensystemen, gefangen in einem periodischen Potential, bot eine Plattform zur Untersuchung weiterer Quantenphasen. Eine konzeptionell einfache Modifikation von solchen Systemen erhält man durch die Kopplung der Grundzustände der gefangenen Teilchen an hoch angeregten Zuständen mithilfe einer externen Lichtquelle. Im Falle dessen, dass diese Zustände nahe der Ionisationsgrenze des Atoms liegen, spricht man von Rydberg-Zuständen und Atome, welche zu diesen Zuständen angeregt werden, bezeichnet man als Rydberg-Atome. Eines der vielen charakteristischen Eigenschaften von Rydberg-Atomen ist die Fähigkeit über große Entfernungen jenseits der atomaren Längenskalen zu wechselwirken. Im Rahmen von Vielteilchensystemen wurden dementsprechend Kristallstrukturen aus gefangenen Rydberg-Atomen experimentell beobachtet. Nun stellt sich die Frage, was mit einem gefangenen Bose-Einstein Kondensat passiert, dessen Teilchen an langreichweitig wechselwirkenden Zuständen gekoppelt sind. Gibt es ein Parameterregime, in dem sowohl Kristallstruktur als auch Suprafluidität in solchen Systemen koexistieren können? Dies ist die zentrale Frage dieser Arbeit, die sich mit der Theorie von gefangenen Quantengasen gekoppelt an Rydberg-Zuständen auseinandersetzt.
Climate, Disease and Imperial Expansion: Medico-Geographical Exploration of the Kazakh Steppe Between the 1760s and 1860s
Authors: Афанасьева А.Э.
Published: August 2022

Статья посвящена истории медико-географического изучения Казахской степи в период активного продвижения России в регионе в 1760-х – 1860-х гг. Исследуются описания природных условий Степи российскими врачами, чиновниками, путешественниками, анализируются их выводы о влиянии окружающей среды на здоровье местного населения и российских гарнизонов. Рекомендации российских авторов по сохранению здоровья войск и переселенцев в степном климате сопоставляются с европейскими правилами «тропической гигиены» XVIII–XIX вв.

The article focuses on the history of medico-geographical studies of the Kazakh steppe in the period of active Russian expansion in the region between the 1760s and 1860s. It examines descriptions of the Steppe environment by Russian doctors, officials and travellers and analyses their conclusions on the impact of the Steppe’s natural conditions on human health. Their recommendations on preserving the health of troops and settlers in the Steppe are compared with the rules of “tropical hygiene” formulated in European medical literature of the time.
Н.И. БУХАРИН О ЛИТЕРАТУРНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ И ЛИТЕРАТУРНОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ В ПОСЛЕРЕВОЛЮЦИОННЫЙ ПЕРИОД
Authors: Коваленко Н.В.
Published: August 2022

Выступление Н.И. Бухарина на литературном совещании 1925 г. отражает идеи в области литературной политики как части системы взглядов на развитие культуры и становление новой социокультурной модели в послереволюционный период. Анализ текста показал, что основой взглядов Бухарина было сочетание заимствованных им у А.А. Богданова представлений об обществе как о системе взаимосвязанных элементов и о классовой культуре и его собственных представлений о культурном «созревании» пролетариата как класса уже после революции, а также о переходном периоде между капитализмом и социализмом как об отдельном историческом этапе.

In this paper the author examines the speech of N. I. Bukharin at the literary conference of 1925, which reflected his ideas in the field of literary policy as part of the system of views on the development of culture and the formation of a new socio-cultural model in the post-revolutionary period. The analysis of the text showed that the basis of these views of Bukharin was a combination of the ideas he borrowed from A.A. Bogdanov about society as a system of interrelated elements and about class proletarian culture and his own ideas about the cultural «maturation» of the proletariat as a class already after the revolution, as well as about the transition period between capitalism and socialism as a separate historical stage.
Ennodius. Self-Presentation of the Late Antiquity Rhetor
Authors: Тюленев В.М.
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматривается вопрос о том, каким образом Магн Феликс Эннодий, позднеантичный ритор и священнослужитель, формирует в своих сочинениях собственный образ и презентует его читателю. В частности, показано, что он всячески стремится убедить свою аудиторию, что принятие им духовного сана открыло для него новый этап жизни, идеалом которой стало смирение и «безмолвие». В то же время творчество Эннодия убеждает в том, что он стремится показать себя как человека деятельного, заботящегося о жителях своей провинции, о своей семье, человека, ставшего центром коммуникационной сети, включающей первых лиц Остготского королевства и римской Церкви.

The article considers the question of how Ennodius, a late antique rhetorician and clergyman, forms his own image in his works and presents it to the reader. Particularly, it is shown that he as hard as possible seeks to convince his audience that the creation of his spiritual dignity opened for him a new stage of life, the ideal of which was humility and "silence". At the same time, the work of Ennodius convinces that he seeks to show himself as an active person, caring about the inhabitant of his province, about his family, a person who has become the center of a communication network which includes the leaders of the Ostrogothic kingdom and the Roman Church.
Cinema-atlas of the USSR: “Kamchatka” by Nikolai Konstantinov (1927)
Authors: Головнев И.А.
Published: August 2022

На рубеже 1920–1930-х гг. в СССР получило развитие производство фильмов этно-географической тематики. Квинтэссенцией научно-исследовательских и фильмо-про-изводственных подходов стал амбициозный государственный проект «Киноатлас СССР», предполагавший создание 150-серийного альманаха о народностях и регионах страны. Научная основательность, кинематографическая поэзия и марксистская философия оказались слиты в сформировавшемся в результате этих процессов направлении научного кино. На примере архивного фильма «Камчатка» Николая Константинова, автор рассматривает особенности практического воплощения творческих и идеологических положений проектировавшегося советского киноатласа.

At the turn of the 1920s–1930. in the USSR the production of films on ethno-geographical topics was developed. The quintessence of research and film-production approaches was the ambitious state project «Cinema Atlas of the USSR», which assumed the creation of a 150-part almanac about the nationalities and regions of the country. Scientific thoroughness, cinematic poetry and Marxist philosophy were merged in the direction of scientific cinema that was formed as a result of these processes. The article, based on the example of the archival film «Kamchatka» by Nikolai Konstantinov, examines the features of the practical embodiment of the creative and ideological provisions of the projected Soviet cinema-atlas.
“Don't Give, Fatherland, to be Silent”: Books of Memory as a Commemoration form of the Afghan War 1979–1989 in the Post-Soviet Republics
Authors: Рабуш Т.В.
Published: August 2022

Участие в афганской войне 1979–1989 гг., продлившейся почти все последнее десятилетие существования СССР, принимали все советские республики. Одна из коммеморативных практик, принятых в память об афганской войне – это издание книг Памяти, посвященных соотечественникам, погибшим в Афганистане. В настоящей статье автор рассмотрит, как эта практика реализуется в государствах постсоветского пространства и является ли она в целом востребованной и распространенной.

All Soviet republics took part in the Afghan war 1979–1989, which lasted almost the entire last decade of the existence of the USSR. One of the commemorative practices adopted in memory of the Afghan war is the publication of Books of Memory dedicated to compatriots who died in Afghanistan. In this article, the author will consider how this practice is implemented in the states of the post-Soviet space and whether this practice is in demand and widespread.
Freemasons and Anti-Masons in British North America and the United States in the 18th – First Half of the 19th Centuries: Ideological Confrontation
Authors: Прилуцкий В.В.
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматриваются конфликтные отношения между американскими франкмасонами и их идейными противниками в XVIII – первой половине XIX в. Масонство в изучаемый исторический период стало влиятельной социально-политической силой, что вызывало как справедливые обвинения в адрес секретного братства, так и незаслуженные нападки на тайный союз. Имели место две волны американского антимасонского движения: на рубеже XVIII в. и XIX в. и в 1820–1840-е гг. Первый период антимасонства был во многом связан с событиями Французской революции, потрясшей западный мир. Второй период имел внутриамериканскую историю – «дело Моргана» 1826 г. Показано, что франкмасоны, несмотря на элитарность, уже изначально прочно ассоциировались с прогрессом и либеральными реформами. Они были одними из первых, предлагавшими проекты объединения североамериканских колоний в единый союз или федерацию (Б. Франклин и ранее), принимали активное участие в борьбе за независимость и создании американского государства. Антимасоны выступали как преимущественно консервативная социальная и политическая сила.

The article deals with the conflict relations between American Freemasons and their ideological opponents in the XVIIIth – first half of the XIXth c. Freemasonry in this historical period became an influential socio-political force, which caused both fair accusations against the secret brotherhood and undeserved attacks on the secret alliance. There were two waves of the American Anti-Masonic movement: at the turn of the XVIIIth and XIXth cc., and in the 1820s – 1840s. The first period of Anti-Masonry was largely associated with the events of the Great French Revolution, which shook the Western world. The second period had an internal American history – the «Morgan case» of 1826. It is shown that Freemasons, despite their elitism, were already strongly associated with progress and liberal reforms from the very beginning. They were among the first to propose projects for the unification of the North American colonies into a single union or federation (B. Franklin and earlier), took an active part in the struggle for independence and the creation of the American state. The Anti-Masons acted as a predominantly conservative social and political force. Key words: history of Freemasonry in North America, American Anti-Masons, the idea of a Masonic conspiracy, the protest movement, socio-political struggle in the USA in the late XVIIIth – first half of the XIXth c.
History – to School
Authors: Экштут С.А.
Published: August 2022

Готовя страну к предстоящей большой войне, в 1930-е годы Сталин занимался не только армией, авиацией и флотом, но и подготовкой школьных учителей и школьных учебников, предназначенных для обучения будущих призывников.

Preparing the country for the upcoming big war, in the 1930s, Stalin was engaged not only in the army, aviation and navy, but also in the preparation of school teachers and school textbooks designed to teach future conscripts.
Invisible Influence: The Political Discourse of Hunger in Modern England
Authors: Шабунина А.К.
Published: August 2022

В статье представлена рецензия на книгу британского историка С.Дж. Гриффина «Политика голода: голод, бедность и политика в Англии, 1750–1840 гг.». Гриффин в своем исследовании конструирует дискурс голода, рассматривает его влияние на социокультурное пространство Англии Нового времени. Разрывая с прежней историографической традицией, он предлагает собственное понимание голода через анализ политической риторики и эволюцию социальных страхов англичан.

This article is a review of the book «The politics of hunger: Protest, poverty and policy in England, c. 1750–c. 1840», by the British historian С. J. Griffin. The research material is considered in line with the current methodological direction of the new social history. The author in his study constructs the discourse of hunger, considering its influence on the socio-cultural space of Modern England. Breaking with the traditional historiographic tradition, С. Griffin brings his own understanding of the famine through the analysis of political rhetoric and the evolution of the social fears of the British.
History and Theory
Authors: Тоштендаль Р.
Published: August 2022

В статье автор хочет показать, что ставшему в последние десятилетия общепринятым понятию теории истории (или философии истории) не достает непосредственной связи с исторической дисциплиной. Прежде под этим термином подразумевались в первую очередь анализ и критика того, что делает историк и к каким выводам он приходит. Кроме того, философы-обществоведы стремились к созданию теорий развития всемирной истории. Карл Маркс, а позднее Освальд Шпенглер и Арнольд Тойнби – наиболее известные из них. Те же, кто теперь доминируют в тео-рии истории – в первую очередь Хейден Уайт, Франк Анкерсмит и их многочисленные последователи – не анализируют исторические исследования и не рассуждают на тему основ развития истории. Их дискуссии представляют собой внутренние, ведущиеся между теоретиками истории споры, которые не имеют прямого отношения к деятельности историков.

In this article the author wants to show that the term “theory of history” (alternatively, “philosophy of history”) has been given a new sense during the last few decades, a sense that is not connected with the discipline of history. Earlier the term meant primarily analysis and criticism of what historians do and of their inferences from their materials in their accounts of history. Beside this, there were social philosophers who wanted to establish theories for the development of world history – Karl Marx and later Oswald Spengler and Arnold Toynbee are most well-known. The theorists who are now dominating the theory of history – foremost Hayden White and Frank Ankersmit and those inspired by them – are neither analysts of historical research works nor philosophers discussing the causes for the development of history. Their discussions are internal for the group of historical theorists and are devoid of relevance for what historians actually do.