bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Security in the Context of Pandemic: Methods for Stabilizing Society in Terms of Electronic Media and Internet
Authors: Kuzina N.
Published: September 2020

Pandemics are social disasters provoking panic, acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorder, massive aggression, and other psycho-emotional and behavioral disorders. The strength of these reactions is associated with informational conditioning of a person in a period when archaic layers that cannot be rationalized are actualized in his psyche. The time has come for the analysis of information strategies that reinforce or deactivate the feelings of uncertainty and vital threat that arose in society. The paper explores mental disorders, psychological defenses and coping strategies that are relevant during a pandemic and similar disasters. The study also includes an assessment of the Russian language Internet content from April to July 2020, affecting the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of information security. The author reveals effectiveness of communicating information using the image of an eyewitness of events (expatriate compatriot) or an expert (infectious disease doctor, virologist). The position of an observer-journalist (reporting on hospitals from the position of an interviewer) is rarely effective in reducing social tension. Analytical programs that increase uncertainty increase anxiety. In panic, society needs samples of adaptive behavior and directives, humor that relieves fear. In the absence of officially disseminated medical recommendations, their place is taken by unqualified advice from ‘alternative medicine’ dangerous to public health. The reason for the panic and aggression is the low level of medical awareness of the population as well as the installation of false authority. The results obtained can be used by experts in the field of information security, the journalistic community.
Bone mineral density and appendicular muscle mass in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Dobrovolskaya O. V. , Toroptsova N. V. , Cherkasova M. V. , Samarkina E. Yu. , Nikitinskaya O. A. , Dyomin N. V.
Published: September 2020

Objective. To study the bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular muscle mass (AMM), their interrelation and relationship with calcium intake and vitamin D level in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Material and methods. 43 women (mean age 57.5 ± 7.0 years) with confirmed RA were included. All patients were interviewed using a special questionnaire. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of lumbar spine, hip and total body was performed, and dietary calcium intake and vitamin D blood serum levels were assessed.

Results. Reduced BMD was detected in 76.8% of patients, including osteoporosis (OP) – in 23.3%, and osteopenia – in 53.5% of women. Low AMM was found in 11.6%, and reduced appendicular muscle index (AMI) was found in 18.6% of the examined patients. Women with low BMD had significantly lower AMM and AMI scores than patients with normal BMD. The average calcium intake was 737 mg per day, while it was lower in patients with OP compared to those with normal BMD (p = 0.038). Among all women, 56% of individuals needed additional calcium supplementation. The average level of vitamin D in the blood serum was 20.8 ng/ml, with the incidence of insufficiency – 48.8%, and deficiency – 41.9% without significant differences between individuals with OP, osteopenia and normal BMD.

Conclusion. In women with RA, reduced BMD was found in 76.8%, reduced AMM – in 11.6%, and low AMI – in 18.6% of cases. Patients with low BMD had lower AMM and AMI than women with normal BMD. Calcium intake was significantly lower in patients with OP compared to those with normal BMD.
Evolution of immunotherapy methods for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: from total immunosuppression to selective treatment of therapeutic targets
Authors: Pritulo O. A. , Petrov A. A. , Petrov A. V.
Published: September 2020

The literature review presents data on existing treatments for psoriasis (P) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The relevance of the work is rationale with the difficulties of choosing a particular therapeutic agent by a specialist, depending on the peculiarities of the course of the skin pathological process, damage to the musculoskeletal system, spine and related diseases. Synthetic and targeted drugs are described in a chronological consequences, the review provides accumulated information about their effectiveness in relation to various manifestations of P and PsA, and the safety of their use. In conclusion, current recommendations on the differentiated use of various agents for target therapy based on a comprehensive assessment of the clinical characteristics of patients as well as mechanism of action and side effects of the drugs, are discussed.
Problem of comorbid infections in patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Belov B. S. , Muravyova N. V. , Baranova M. M. , Korotaeva T. V.
Published: September 2020

Summary In modern rheumatology, the problem of comorbid infections (CI) still remains relevant. This is due to both the presence of autoimmune rheumatic disease and the need to use immunosuppressive drugs. This article discusses some issues of CI in psoriatic arthritis (PSA). The frequency of CI in the treatment of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologics was analyzed. The significance of preventive measures in relation to CI in the treatment of PSA is shown.
Bilateral total hip arthroplasty for secondary protrusive coxitis (clinical case)
Authors: Volchenko D. V. , Akhtyamov I. F. , Terskov A. Yu. , Sozonov O. A. , Velichko M. N. , Udalov Yu. D. , Schpiz E. Ya.
Published: September 2020

The presence of combined joint contractures, the development of secondary protrusive coxarthritis (PC), severe osteoporosis and bone destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis produce a number of technical difficulties during the implementation of total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this article we have presented a clinical case of bilateral cementless THA performed in a patient with RA and secondary PC. Before surgery the functional Harris score was 20 points, and the DA-S28 (disease activity score) was 3.1. The patient had PC of the third degree on the right and the second degree on the left side. During THA on the right side we applied the technique of impact bone autoplasty. Four years after surgery, the functional Harris score was 73; DAS‑28 was 2.7. Thus, the combination of conservative therapy and surgical treatment improves patient's clinical and functional state and also helps to maintain low activity of RA.
Results of study of biochemical markers of bone metabolism in men with coronary heart disease
Authors: Voronkina A. V. , Raskina T. A. , Letaeva M. V. , Averkieva Yu. V. , Malyshenko O. S. , Grigorieva I. I.
Published: September 2020

The development of atherosclerosis is closely related to the calcification of the vessel intima and fibrous plaques, being a complex and multifactorial process, in which the markers of bone formation and resorption play an important role. Objective. To study the biochemical markers of bone metabolism in men with stable coronary heart disease (CHD). Material and methods. The study included 102 men with verified CHD. Data were evaluated by densitometry, coronary angiography, multispiral computed tomography, color duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries, serum lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides [TG], high-density [LHD] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), concentrationsin the blood of osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), cathepsin K and C-telopeptides (CTx). Results. Concentrations of BAP, cathepsin K and CTx in patients with CHD were significantly higher than in men without CHD. The concentration of OC in men with normal bone mineral density was significantly lower than in patients with osteopenic syndrome. There was a direct correlation between OC and antiatherogenic HDL cholesterol and the inverse correlation between OC and TG, CTx and TG. There was no correlation between the level of bone remodeling markers and coronary artery (CA) lesion variant and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis on SYNTAX scale. The correlation analysis did not reveal the connection of biochemical markers of bone metabolism with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and calcification and thickness of intima-media complex of carotid arteries. Absolute values of bone formation indices (BAP, OC) were significantly higher in patients with severe СA calcification than in patients without signs of calcification. Summary. Increased rates of osteogenesis and osteoresorption characterize the accelerated process of bone metabolism and indicate in favor of high rates of bone loss in men with CHD, which confirms the likelihood of common pathophysiological mechanisms of bone resorption and arterial calcification.
Features of glomerular filtration rate evaluation for kidney function assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Aleksandrov V. A. , Shilova L. N. , Aleksandrov A. V.
Published: September 2020

The development of renal dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is due to the presence and severity of autoimmune disorders, chronic systemic inflammation, a multiplicity of comorbid conditions, and pharmacotherapy features. The most important parameter that describes the general condition of the kidneys is glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This review presents the data on the possibilities of modern methods for determining estimated GFR (e-GFR) and the specificity of their use in various clinical situations that accompany the course of RA. For the initial assessment of GFR in patients with RA it is advisable to use the measurement of e-GFR based on serum creatinine concentration using the CKD-EPI equation (2009) (with or without indexing by body surface area). In cases where the e-GFR equations are not reliable enough or the results of this test are insufficient for clinical decision making, the serum cystatin C level should be measured and the combined GFR calculation based on creatinine and cystatin C should be used.
Ultrasound characteristics of osteophytes in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Fairushina I. F. , Kirillova E. R. , Abdulganieva D. I. , Sukhorukova E. V. , Mukhametshina E. I.
Published: September 2020

Objective. To assess the relationship between ultrasound and clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and osteophytes detected by ultrasound (US).

Methods. Data collection: demographical, clinical, antropometric (body mass index, BMI). US examination included 868 joints and 3348 entheses (bilateral shoulders, acromioclavicular joints, elbows, wrists, hips, knees, ankles; entheses at the projection of these joints (total number is 54). In the joints – synovitis count, Power Doppler (PD) + synovitis count (SC), the number of joints with osteophytes; in entheses – Grey Scale (GS) enthesitis count (EC), PD + EC, count of entheses with structural components (erosion, enthesophytes, calcification).

Results. In all, 62 PsA patients were examined: 32 (51.6%) were women, mean age was 43.0 ± 10.4 years, the duration of PsA was 7 (3; 10) years. The number of joints with osteophytes was 314 of 868 (36.2%). US osteophytes were detected in 51 (82.3%) patients. The number of joints with osteophytes correlated with GS EC (r = 0.398; p < 0.01), PD + EC (r = 0.302; p < 0.05), SC (r = 0.425; p < 0.01), and PD + SC (r = 0.322; p < 0.05). Patients without osteophytes, with local and generalized osteophytes were comparable by sex and duration of the disease. In patients with generalized osteophytes, GS EC (p < 0.05), PD + SC (p < 0.05), SC (p < 0.01), comorbid pathology (p < 0.05), BMI (p < 0.05) were significantly higher.

Conclusion. The frequency of osteophytes in patients with PsA was high. The number of synovitis and enthesitis, both GC and PD+, was more common in patients with generalized osteophytes, which probably suggests an important role of entheseal and synovial inflammation in PsA in the development of osteophytes. BMI and the frequency of comorbidities in patients with generalized osteophytes were higher.
Pathogenetic and clinical aspects of interleukin 17 blockade in spondylitis
Authors: Babaeva A. R. , Kalinina E. V. , Zvonorenko M. S. , Kostryukova I. V. , Emelyanova A. L.
Published: September 2020

This article presents analysis of current data highlighted the problem of pathogenic mechanism of the most common spondyloarthritides (SpA) and focused on the pivotal role of interleukin‑17 in immune inflammation realization. Contribution of IL‑17 in mechanism of SpA particularly in different organ damage, in perpetuation of chronic inflammation and in structural progression is discussed. The clinical and experimental evidence of close relationship between IL‑17A levels, on one hand, and disease activity, high tempo of joint and bone affection as well as SpA extra-articular manifestations, on the other, are presented. Contribution of cell-mediated immune response including activated IL‑17A-producing cells to the pathogenesis of different SpA phenotypes is shown. Great attention is paid to the clinical effects of IL‑17A inhibition in Sp A. The results of clinical trials of novel IL‑17A inhibitor netakimab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis are presented. These data have demonstrated high efficacy and safety of tried preparation used in the regimen 120 mg per 2 weeks. On the basis of performed analysis the key role of IL‑17 in SpA pathogenesis is confirmed and expediency of SpA target therapy with novel IL‑17A inhibitor netakimab is justified.
Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti’nin Devlet Yönetimi Yapısı ve Siyasal Sistemi
Authors: REHİMLİ Recep
Published: September 2020

SSCB'nin çökmesinden sonra yeniden bağımsızlık kazanan Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti'nde, devletin yönetsel yapılanması ve demokratikleşme alanında reformlara başlanıldı. Bu reformlar bir bütün olarak kamu yönetimi alanında bir dizi önemli yenileşimleri beraberinde getirdi. Bunlardan en önemlilerinden olarak, yeni bir anayasanın kabulü, kamu yönetimi sisteminde etkinliyin ve verimliliyin artırılması yönünde yenilikçi adımların atılması, devletin sosyal, politik, hukuki, ekonomik ve ideolojik işlevlerinin değişimini belirtebiliriz. Bu kapsamda önceki rejimden kalma birçok kurumlar kaldırıldı, modern yönetim sistemine uyum sağlayabilecek yeni kurum ve kuruluşlar tahsis edildi ve yönetim sisteminin etkinliğini artırmak için birçok hukuki düzenlemeler gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmada, Azerbaycan'da bağımsızlığın ilk yıllarından günümüze kadar gerçekleşen devletin yönetsel ve hukuki yapılandırılması sürecine bakılarak, devlet yapısı ve siyasal sıstemi genelinde anayasal sistemi, siyasal partileri, yasama ve yürütme kurumları, kamu personel rejimi ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kamu yönetimi sistemindeki mevcut sorunlar analiz edilmekle bu sorunların çözüm yollarına değinılmekte ve bunun ülkenin modern gelişme düzeyine etkileri değerlendirilmektedir.
Leo Lowenthal’s Critical Theory of Populism and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy
Authors: Rensmann Lars
Published: September 2020

This paper focuses on the Frankfurt School’s critical theorist Leo Lowenthal (1900-1993) and the contemporary relevance of his theory-guided social research on authoritarian politics. Grounded in a close reading of his work, the essay reconstructs Lowenthal’s theoretical interpretations and empirical studies. Illuminating three critical paths paved by Lowenthal for studying the rise of authoritarian-populist demagoguery within modern democracies—political-psychological, economic, and socio-theoretical— the paper discusses in how far his critical-theoretical research can serve as a resource for theorizing current populist agitators’ appeal in America and Europe today. In so doing, the paper brings classical findings of the Frankfurt School into dialogue with recent political science studies and political theory on resurgent authoritarian populism and related crises of liberal capitalist democracy. Lowenthal’s critical theorizing may complement current explanations for the populist surge in context of a new age of post-factual politics in a profoundly transformed public sphere.
The Politics of Dignity: How Status Inequality shaped Redistributive Politics in India
Authors: Chakrabarti Poulomi
Published: September 2020

Conventional theories of the welfare state are premised on the interests of social classes – the wealthy elite oppose redistribution, while the working class supports expansive social rights. I argue that in multiethnic societies with long histories of discrimination, ethnic groups are motivated by concerns of enhancing their material well-being as well as their social status. Political elites from dominant groups are more likely to oppose redistributive policies, but unlike the working class, the policy preference of marginal groups is mediated by the level of status inequality. Under conditions of high inequality, concerns of dignity find precedence over pure redistribute policies. The politics of dignity is most concretely manifested through demands for symbolic and descriptive representation. I demonstrate this in the context of India by examining the caste identity of legislators, patterns in public spending and historical accounts of demands by lower caste mobilizations in major states over five decades.
Effect of Retained Austenite on the Micro-structure and Mechanical Properties of AI-SI4340 High Strength Low Alloy Steel (HSLA steel) Using Magnetic Saturation Measurement and X-Ray Diffraction methods
Authors: Abdulkareem Nagham , Jabbar Murtadha
Published: September 2020

Retained Austenite (RA) has great deal with the mechanical properties of high strength low alloy steel. Therefore,in this paper, Retained Austenite volume fractions have beenevaluated in AISI4340 alloy steel using two well-known methods, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetic measurementmethods. The specimens were heat treated using different heating temperature and different cooling rate (different quenchingmedia). A comparison between the results of two methodsproved that there results were approximately Identical .Theresults show that Retained Austenite formation increase asheating (Austenizing ) temperature increase for the samequenching media ,as well as ,it increases by increasing coolingrate . The maximum amount of Retained Austenite found as(27.2 Wt %) which recognized when the specimens heated upto 1000˚C then quenched in Water while the minimum amountof Retained Austenite found as ( 7.06 wt%) when the specimensheated up to ( 800 ˚C) then quenched in Sand. Hardness testsusing Vickers and Rockwell methods were used and the resultsshow that hardness values decreased with increasing heatingtemperatures and the maximum Vickers micro-hardness andRockwell hardness numbers were equal to (121.8HRB) and (516.35 HV) which were detected when heating up of the specimens were up to 800 ˚C then quenched in water. Tensile testsshow that increasing cooling rate lead to increasing in Strengthdue to increasing of hardness which in turn, leads to increasein yielding points and ultimate strengths. Retained austeniteeffects on microstructure were investigated using scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy and theresults show that at low cooling rate the microstructure consistof bainite and/or martensite phase with small amount of retained austenite, while, increasing heating temperature andcooling rate results in microstructure consist of martensite andretained austenite phases.
Effects of Heat Treatment and Surface Finish on the Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Martensitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Mohammad Haider , Ahmed Fatima
Published: September 2020

The present study aims to investigate the influence ofheat treatment and surface finish on the behavior of crevicecorrosion resistance of AISI 410 and 416 martensitic stainlesssteels thus, to quantify the conditions at which crevicecorrosion minimize as possible. The experimental work carriedout during this study involves material selection, chemicalcomposition tests, specimens preparation before heattreatments, austenitizing at temperature range (925-1010˚C)and for holding time periods of (30, 45 and 90 min), air and oilquenching followed by tempering at heating range of (205-605 ̊C) and for 45 min, micro hardness tests, specimensgrinding, surface roughness measurements, crevice corrosiontests, crevice evaluation and microstructure tests.Theoretically, empirical equations for crevice maximum depthunder the effect of surface roughness and hardness for bothAISI 410 and 416 steels were determined. While formicrostructure analysis, carbides average area was determinedby using the ImageJ analysis program and a mathematicalmodel was also predicted. Results showed that like hardness andsurface roughness increase crevice corrosion resistancedecreases. Therefore, material treated by annealing canminimize crevice corrosion rates more than that treated withhardening.
Identification and Localization of non-zero Resistance Short circuit Faults in Distribution Feeders Based on the Theory of Wavelets and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Authafa Sara , Abdul-Hassan Khalid
Published: September 2020

This paper introduces a radial distribution feederprotection scheme based on certain features extraction fromcurrent signals measurement at the substation. The featuresare captured using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Twodigital signals processing methods are used to introduce thosefeatures to the 1) fault detection 2) identification and 3)localization schemes; the first one is the energy method and thesecond one is the root mean square method. For the purpose offault type identification, two systems are tested and compared,a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and Artificial Neural Network(ANN). Fault location scheme is then built based on ANNs. Aneffort is made to reduce the computational burden and thespeed of detection provided by the fault detection andidentification schemes. Since the short circuit faults are themost likely types of faults that can occur in power systems, theten types of these faults taking into account different faultresistances are simulated in MATLAB environment and theprotection scheme is built based on the idea of overcurrent.The power quality disturbances such as switching transientsevents on the feeder are also taken into account in order to builda reliable and secure protection scheme.
Design and Modeling of a Compact Reconfigurable Slot Antenna for WLAN Portable Devices
Authors: Alnahwi Falih
Published: September 2020

This paper presents design and modeling of acompact reconfigurable quarter wavelength slot antennacompatible with the portable devices of the 5GHz wireless localarea network (WLAN) applications. The concept of thetransverse resonant method which is used for the transmissionlines is utilized for modeling the proposed slot antenna. A PINdiode is used to switch the antenna operating band from thelower unlicensed indoor 5GHz WLAN band (5-5.3) GHz to theupper one (5.7-5.9) GHz and vice versa. Another PIN diode isattached to the feed line to provide suitable matching stublength for each operation mode. Furthermore, the shape of theradiating slot of the proposed antenna is modified to providean omnidirectional radiation pattern in the H-plane suitablefor the portable gadgets of the WLAN system. Themeasurements are in well agreement with the simulatedresults, and they verify the precision of the suggested modeland the enhanced matching characteristics for the twooperation modes of the proposed antenna
Experimental Investigation of the Dynamics of Laboratory Simple Surge Tank
Authors: Yousif Saib , Kalaf Ali
Published: September 2020

The surge tank is one of important control devices inreducing water Hummer effect on distributed network pipingsystem and hydropower stations. An experimental study wasconducted into a simple surge tank of 0.044 m in a diameterwith upstream constant head reservoir of a height, 0.881 mand a water transporting pipe of a size 0.0202 m.Results indicate that rapid closure of a downstream valvecauses under-damped stable oscillation in a surge tank.Experimental response agreed well with theoretical resultswhen friction factor is considered to be variable, but with 85% increases in settle time and more oscillations when constantfriction factor is recognized at initial value before valveclosure. Doubling surge tank area does not improve thedynamics properties; otherwise, Thoma area must be avoidedfor small sizes. Comsol multiphysics software 3.5 is used todeal with the dynamics of the surge tank numerically.
A New Fuzzy-NARMA L2 Controller Design for Active Suspension System
Authors: Kheioon Imad , Munahi Basil , Abdulaali Ali
Published: September 2020

This paper is concerned with the design of a newcontroller for active suspension system. The model isconsidered as a quarter-car. The presented controller dependson the fuzzy technique and NARMA-L2 linearizationalgorithm. The compensation system that added by the fuzzyrules improves the performance of the controller, while theneural network produces the required control signal. The newcontroller can achieve an improvement of the ride comfortwith a reasonable value of power consumption. Themathematical analysis of the mechanical power used by themodel is focused on the average and the RMS of the powersupplied to the system, regardless of the frequency content ofthe vibration signal. The simulation results which are verifiedby a practical examples of road profiles, demonstrate theefficacy of the proposed controller.
Investigation of Stress Intensity Factor for Corrugated Plates with Different Profiles Using Extended Finite Element (XFEM)
Authors: Nama Sabreen , Laftah Rafil
Published: September 2020

Corrugated plates play very important role in variousengineering applications. The occurrence of crack in the body ofcorrugated plate might results in catastrophic failure. In thepresent paper there are different profiles of corrugated plates(trapezoidal, sinusoidal and triangle) that are studied. In eachprofile the stress intensity factor and shape factor werecalculated for various crack orientations, various corrugationangles and different curvature radius for the same profile. Theyare all subjected to different loading conditions using ExtendedFinite Element Method (XFEM).It is found the stress intensity factor when load applied parallelto corrugation direction is higher when load appliedperpendicular to corrugation direction. Also found that thestress intensity factor increase by 115% when curvature radiusincreases with the load applied perpendicular to corrugation.This study also found and explained that the stress intensityfactor increases slightly when the corrugation angle of the trianglecorrugated plate increases. In all cases studied, the trapezoidalthe corrugated plate shows the lower values of the stress intensity factorcompared to the sinusoidal and triangle corrugated plates.
Energy and Exergy Analysis of Dual Channel Solar Air Collector with Perforating “V” Corrugated Absorber Plate
Authors: Shbailat Suhaib , Jassim Najim
Published: September 2020

This paper, an experimental study was carriedout on a dual channel with perforating “V” corrugated absorberthe plate of solar air collector which the air flows both in upperchannel and lower channel of the absorber plate for increasingheat transfer coefficient and improving thermal performance. Theresults of experimental procedures for dual channel withperforating “V” corrugated absorber plate of solar collector werecompared with the flat plate dual channel of the solar collector.Experimental calculations had been performed under Baghdad(33.34° North latitude, 44.4° East longitude) climatic conditions atdifferent values of mass flow rates 0.021 kg/s, 0.027 kg/s and0.32 kg/s. The results showed that the dual channel withperforating “V” corrugated absorber plate of solar collector isfound to perform more efficiently than the flat plate dual channelof the solar collector with an increased 39% in thermal efficiency. Then,it showed that efficiency increases with increasing mass flowrates. Also, it showed that the heat removal factor of the dualchannel with perforating “V” corrugated absorber plate of solarthe collector is 36% more than the flat plate dual channel of solarcollector. At the last part of the study, the exergy relations werederived for both collectors. The results of this part showed that theflat plate dual channel of solar collector is having the largestirreversibility (exergy loss) and the dual channel with perforating“V” corrugated absorber plate of solar collector is having agreatest exergetic efficiency.
Effects of Coupling between Lateral and Torsional Motions in Seismic Response of Buildings
Authors: Jarallah Husain
Published: September 2020

The goal of the present paper is to study the adequacyof torsional provisions in the international buildings code (IBC)for irregular building taken into account effect of the angles ofseismic attacks. The responses of the frame-shear-wall twelvestory asymmetric building under earthquake loading by usingequivalent lateral force procedure and dynamic responsespectrum analysis have been studied intensively in this presentresearch paper. This study performs static and dynamicresponse analyses of building models under earthquake groundmotions compatible with the design response spectrum definedin the international buildings code. The dynamic responsespectrum was scaled according to the code static base shear. Thestatic and dynamic base shear with different angles of seismicattacks has been calculated. The scaling factors, angles ofseismic attacks, accidental storey torsions, storey shear,dynamic and static base shear have been evaluated here. Thetorsional moment at different storey levels for dynamic analysishas been estimated and compared with the static values.
Steady State Thermo XFEM Fracture Analysis of Isotropic and an Isotropic FG Plate with Inclined Center Crack
Authors: Khalaf Hassanein , Mehbes Haider , Nassar Ameen
Published: September 2020

The extended-finite element method (X-FEM) is usedfor crack analysis of orthotropic and isotropic functionally graded composite material (FGCM) plate with a slanted crackunder thermal loadings. The enrichments functions ofdiscontinuity are implemented. Mixed-mode SIFs arecalculated in isotropic and orthotropic FGMs. Gaussiantechnique (Q4) has been applied in the numerical calculation ofinteraction of solution. Thermal effects, fundamentalequations, the interaction integral of non-homogeneous cases(M-integral), and proposal numerical integration rule is set tosimulate and to debate the accuracy of the present work resultsin comparing with the results of the references available inthe literature. In addition, the effect of the size of crack is studiedto discuss the values of energy release rate and stress intensityfactors with different crack angles. The present study isimplemented by using MATLAB program to present steady-state thermo XFEM fracture analysis of isotropic and anisotropic FG plate with inclined center crack.
Optimal Fuzzy-Immune Fractional PID Control Scheme for Path Tracking of Robot manipulator
Authors: Shutnan Woorod , Abdalla Turki
Published: September 2020

This paper explains a new control structure based on theartificial immune system, Fuzzy and fractional order PIDcontrol schemes. In this paper immune feedback controlsystem, Fuzzy logic and fractional order control schemes will becombined and optimized using clonal selection algorithm.Fuzzy-immune fractional order PID Control schemes will beused as a new controller for path tracking of the robotmanipulator. The performance of the proposed control schemeis compared with fuzzy-immune PID control schemes. Theparameters of fractional PID and conventional PID controllersare optimized using Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA).Simulation results state that optimal Fuzzy-immune fractionalPID is better than optimal fuzzy-immune PID Control schemesfor path tracking problem under the same condition. All controlschemes were tested using SIMULINK under MATLAB2014a
Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection in a Square Cavity Utilizing Nanofluid and Subjected to Air Stream Cooling
Authors: Saleem Khalid
Published: September 2020

In the present paper the natural convection in a squarecavity utilizing Cu-water nanofluid is examined numerically.The cavity is exposed to cooling air stream with free streamtemperature (T∞) from left wall and its right and bottom wallskept with cold and hot temperatures (TC) and (TH) respectively,while the cavity top wall considered as adiabatic. The nanofluidflow inside the cavity is assumed to be laminar and obeying toBoussinesq approximation. The governing equations are solvedby finite volume method using ANSYS FLUENT code. Theresults are accomplished with a range of nanofluid volumefraction =0–0.16, Rayleigh number Ra=103–105 and freestream Reynolds number Re∞=103–104. The effects of thesevariables are displayed on the stream function (), isotherms ()contours and average Nusselt number (Nuavg). The results showthe heat transfer rate augmented with increasing , Ra and Re∞.Also, the increment in both  and Ra increases the circulationinside the cavity while increasing Re∞ produces secondaryvortices and reduces circulation at the main vortex of the cavity.The results of local Nusselt number (Nu) and isotherms () arecompared with other studies and show good agreement withmaximum error values 14.28% and 3.2% respectively.
Study the Effected Parameters on Vibration Analysis of Cantilever Beam with a Bolted Joint
Authors: Saleh Nathera , Hardan Zainab
Published: September 2020

The main objective of the present paper is to study thevibration behavior of cantilever beam with a bolted joint ofdifferent lap’s type (i.e. Single lap, Double lap) for free andforced vibration. The effects of various parameters such as beamconfiguration, preload, harmonic force magnitude and harmonicforce positions on natural frequency, mode shape, and amplitudehave been investigated. The experimental work carried outduring this study included material selection, chemicalcomposition test, tension test, preparation configurations ofbeam, free and forced vibration tests at per- torques range (6-60N.m) and at rotational speeds range (300-900RPM).Numerically, a general purpose finite element method (ANSYSVer.16.1 package) has been used. The results show that thenatural frequencies of single lap (1Bolt, 2Bolt) bolted beams wereroughly equal to those of intact beam. But, in double lap boltedbeam were slightly lower than those of intact beam with sameprofile. Moreover, as preload or pre-torque on the bolt increases,the natural frequency becomes constant for all types of beamconfiguration. For forced vibration, the vibration amplitude islargely dependent on magnitude and position of harmonic force.The validation results present a good agreement with numericalresults as the largest margin of error is about (5%)
Investigation of the Effect of Loading Paths in the Tube Hydroforming Process
Authors: Jaber Adil
Published: September 2020

The precise control of internal pressure andaxial feeding loading paths important influences thefinal tube quality. In this research the impact ofloading path of the tube hydroforming process andfinal part requirements ( i.e. thickness specificationand shape conformation) were studied numerically.Small bulge shape tube hydroforming parts wereutilized in the finite element analyses to get severalguidelines on the effect of the relation between theinternal pressure and axial compressive feedingprograms. Two dimension model of bulge shape tube(50 mm) bulge width has been developed fromcylindrical tube with thickness (2mm) of the copperand (60 mm) outer diameter. A commercial availablefinite element program code (ANSYS 11), is used toperform the numerical simulation of the tubehydroforming operation. The results demonstratethat, the loading path has very important influencedon the thickness distribution over the tube andcapability attained the target shape of the requiredproduct.
Thermo-economic Impact from Using Exhaust Gases Heat Lost for Power Generation
Authors: Khrebish Hussam , Sultan Hussien
Published: September 2020

The heat lost from gas turbine power plants with exhaust gases represents the most important source for lowering its thermal efficiency. Also, the gas turbine thermal efficiency affected significantly with the ambient surrounding temperature. Al-Najybia gas-turbine power plant in Basrah, Iraq is choosing as a case study. The power plant consists of four units with a capacity of 125 MW for each unit. In the present study, all the calculations are performed for one unit only. Firstly the thermal impact is studied in terms of energy analysis for Al-Najybia gas turbine power plant (GTPP) for different ambient temperature for twelve months. Also, the economic loss a companied the heat lost with exhaust gases for different ambient temperature are estimated. Secondly, the thermo-economic improvement from coupling the GTPP with a heat recovery system is studied. For gas-steam combined cycle, the performance and economic analysis are performed. The results show that, the output power and thermal efficiency are decreased by 0.97 MW and 0.0726% respectively for each unit temperature rise of the ambient temperature. For the combined gas-steam power plant the percentage increasing of the thermal efficiency is approximately 46.4%. The results indicate the combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is very important to increase electrical capacity. From the economic analysis, the economic gain due to using HRB is 75757 $ per month
Hydrodynamics Behaviour of Single and Multi Fracture with Different Orientations in Petroleum Reservoir
Authors: Al-Husseini Amani , Abood Falah
Published: September 2020

The studying of fluid flow throughout fracture in the reservoir is one of the most vital subjects attracted much attention from engineers and geologists. In the present paper, the Dual Porosity-Dual Permeability (DPDP) model has been applied to represent the fluid flow within the fractured reservoirs. This work aimed to demonstrate the utility of the fractures in the petroleum reservoir and how could be used the positive effect of these fractures on the productivity as well. The productivity of single-phase fluid flow within the single horizontal fracture, multi horizontal fractures, and inclined fracture with different orientations (20o, 30o, 45o, and 70o) have been implemented by using ANSYS-CFX program and compared with the productivity of conventional (without fractures) reservoirs. In addition to, visualize the velocity streamlines within fracture and matrix zones for the DPDP model. To verify this work the comparison has been made with published paper, which studies the fluid flow through fractures, and a good agreement has been obtained with each other. The study indicates that the presence of macro scale fractures in petroleum reservoirs contributes to increasing the total productivity of these reservoirs. Clearly, the productivity index of multi-horizontal fractures domain is more than twice of nonfractured domain. It is also clear that, when comparing the fractured and nonfractured reservoir, the improvement percentage of the productivity index reaches to (71.8) for a single horizontal fracture with 9 ft length. While this percentage would be about (116.88) if the fracture is inclined with 20o.
Improvement of Electric Power Generation at Khor Al-Zubair Gas Turbine Power Plant by Using Vapor Compression Cooling Cycle
Authors: Faisal Safaa , Ateeq Adnan , Ali Hanadi
Published: September 2020

In this work, both energy and exergy analyses have been carried out on General Electric (GE) gas turbine unit found in Khor Al-Zubair gas turbine power plant located in Basra, Iraq. The analysis covers the ISO (international standards organization) operating conditions in addition to actual operating data recorded for one month in hot season July 2016. The feasibility of adopting a vapor compression cycle (VCC) for cooling the intake air is evaluated. Generally, the study reveals an obvious drop off for most plant performance characteristics while operating during the hot season. Energy and exergy analyses show that adopting the vapor compression cycle to enhance Khor Al-Zubair GE unit could improve the power output by 20% and 27% in case of part-load and full-load conditions respectively. Both of first and second law efficiencies could be improved by 3.5% at part-load and 9% at full load. The expected cooling load needed for the unit is in the range of 2697 to 3024.5 TR according to part-load and full-load operation respectively. Only total irreversibility of the unit is expected to increase in case of adopting VCC and this will not impair the improvement in second law efficiency of the unit. Among the unit components, combustion chamber has the largest computed irreversibility. Further improvement is recommended by utilizing the released heat energy to the atmosphere, which is characterized by significant work potential.
Effecting Shear Span Ratio on High Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams with Circle Openings
Authors: Sahere Hamed , Abdalimam Mazin , Chkheiwer Aqeel
Published: September 2020

Through this paper the effecting a/d on high strength fiber reinforced concrete deep beams with circle openings without stirrups have been studied to report behavior of deep beam by chang shear span ratio a/d for high strength deep beam with circle opening (12.6 cm) diameter at the center of shear span in term of crack pattern and load-deflection curve and stress-strain curve, this paper aim to investigate which specimen has better a/d, this study done by tested four specimens; first specimen is control deep beam without opening and steel fiber while the other are with steel fiber ratio (1%) and circle opening has diameter (12.6 cm) at the center of shear span and reinforced by (2Ø12mm) at the top and (3Ø16mm) at the bottom and two stirrups at the supports to prevent local failure, specimens with circle opening have various a/d (0.75,1,1.5) and total lengths (1025,1200,1550)mm, all specimens are simply supported with two points applied load, finally, the results present the perfect shear span ratio (a/d) with steel fiber (1%) is (0.75), The strength of specimens with circle opening decrease with increase shear span ratio (a/d) where strength rising into (5.48 %) at (a/d = 0.75) over than strength at (a/d = 1).
Baffles Shape and Configuration Effect on Performance of Baffled Flocculator
Authors: Khudhair Kifah , Hadi Duha
Published: September 2020

Flocculation process is used to agglomerate colloids to form large and heavy flocs. It is accomplished using mechanical or hydraulic slow mixing. The hydraulic mixing is usually achieved using baffles. The aim of this study is to conduct experimental work to study the effect of baffles shape and configuration on baffled flocculator performance. The work includes 304 experiments conducted in a pilot plant of baffled flocculator. Two arrangements of three baffle shapes (blind baffles, baffles of rectangular slot and baffles of circular slots) were adopted. During each experiment, water turbidity and temperature, influent flow rate and head loss were measured. The main outcomes of this study are; (1) for all baffle types and arrangements, flocculation efficiency (FE) increases with the increase of velocity gradient (G) till it reaches a maximum value, then, it decreases and the G value which produces the maximum FE varies with detention time (t), (2) within the applied range of Gt values (10231-25304), the correlation between FE and Gt is weak to moderate positive and varied according to baffles type and arrangement, (3) within the applied range of initial water turbidity (IWT) values (18.1-196) NTU, the correlation between FE and IWT is weak positive to good positive represented by logarithmic relationship, and (4) within the implemented baffle types, the blind baffles type gives the highest FE values for all the baffles number as compared with the other baffle types. Also, the most frequent head loss coefficient values were obtained.
Experimental Study and Artificial Neural Networks Prediction of Effective Parameters in Continuous Dieless Wire Drawing
Authors: Mohammed Rafid , Ali Jaafar , Nassar Ameen
Published: September 2020

The dieless drawing process is an innovative methodemanated and appeared in coincidence with development of theconcept of metal superplasticity. It is utilized from the localheating of a wire or tube to a specified temperature and followedby a local cooling, so an additional deformation is inhibited. Inthis study, a special dieless drawing machine was designed tocarry out an experimental program on SUS304-stainless steel wirehaving diameter of (1.6-2) mm to investigate the main processparameters such as speeds, heat quantity, heating coil width andheating-cooling separation distance. Also, a numerical modelbased on thermo-mechanical analysis was developed and validatedwith experimental program. Furthermore, an artificial neuralnetwork ANN model based on current experimental data wasprepared to predict the dieless drawing behavior. A maximum areareduction of 40.7% was obtained in single pass. A 3.12mm/sfeeding velocity and 4.97mm/s drawing velocity were realizedthrough the experimental tests. The results showed that bothdrawing force and wire profile were effected by increasing offeeding speed, heating coil width and separation distance. Also, itis confirmed that strain rate was reduced by increasing the heatingcoil width and the reduction ratio was promoted. A maximumerror of 21% was recorded between ANN model and experimentalresults. The results showed a good agreement amongexperimental, numerical and ANN models.
Numerical Modeling for Novel Solar Air Heater Utilizing Wax Paraffin-PCM
Authors: Salih Salah , Najim Saleh
Published: September 2020

A mathematical model to analysis three–dimensional forced convection turbulent flow in a novel solar air heater integrated with multiple rectangular capsules filled by paraffin wax-based on phase change material PCM was implemented. The investigations were performed under three airflow speed of (0.6, 1.2, and 1.8) kg/min and average solar flux of 625 W/m2. The results revealed that the delaying melting time and also lower the melting temperature of PCM by increasing airflow speed during the charging process. As well as, the freezing period is dependent on the airflow speed by inverse relation. Also, the data results represent that the useful energy rate and thermal storage efficiency were a strong dependence on the airflow speed. Moreover, it can be detected that the optimal freezing time and the air temperature rise of the heater were reached about 210 minutes with (12 – 1.5 °C), 150 minutes with (7.5 – 1.4°C), and 120 minutes with (5.5 – 1.5 °C), at airflow speed of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 kg/min, respectively, which can be used at night to supply some applications by thermal energy such as heating buildings and drying agricultural crops.
Adaptive Fuzzy Super – Twisting Sliding Mode Controller optimized by ABC for Vehicle Suspension System
Authors: Abdulzahra Atheel , Abdalla Turki
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a second order Sliding Mode Controller (SMC), based on Super – Twisting algorithm, Fuzzy estimator and PID controller is presented for quarter vehicle active suspensions. Because of the chattering that appeared at the output of the system when using first order SMC, second order SMC is preferred. The proposed controller has been derived in order to achieve the convergence and the stability of the system that can improve the comfortable driving and vehicles safety against different road disturbances. The Artificial Bee Colony optimization method has been utilized to find the optimal values of the proposed controller parameters.The obtained results of the simulations have been verified the efficiency and the ability of the proposed control scheme to suppress the oscillations and give the stability of the suspension system in the presence of uncertainty and different road disturbances.