bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum kartonektin (CTRP-3) düzeyinin gestasyonel diyabetli ve sağlıklı gebelerde karşılaştırılması ve biyokimyasal parametreler ve insulin direnci ile ilişkisi
Authors: YAKAR Burkay , KARAKAYA Gamzecan , ÖNALAN Erhan , GÜRSU Mehmet Ferit
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada gestasyonel diyabet mellitus (GDM) tanısı alan gebelerin serum kartonektin (CTRP-3) sevilerinin sağlıklı kontrol gebe grubu ile karşılaştırılması ve Kartonektin düzeyinin gebelerin biyokimyasal parametreleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte tasarlanan araştırma Haziran 2016 ile Ocak 2017 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya 24-32 haftalık 30 GDM ve 30 sağlıklı gebe dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılardan 12 saat açlık sonrası kan şekeri, lipid paneli, insulin, c-peptid ve kartonektin düzeyleri elde edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Gestasyonel diyabeti olan katılımcıların Glikoz, HbA1C, İnsulin, C-peptid, HOMA-IR, Trigliserit, VLDL, HDL düzeyleri istatistiksel olarak kontrol grubundan yüksek saptandı. Kontrol grubunun kartonektin (CTRP-3) düzeyi 7.68±4.29 (ng/mL), GDM grubunun ortalama kartonektin düzeyi 6.95±4.02 (ng/mL) saptandı ve iki grup arasında istatistiksel anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı

Sonuç: GDM’lu hasta grubunda glikoz, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, C-peptid, trigliserit ve VLDL düzeylerinin yükseldiği saptanmıştır. Gestasyonel diyabetli hastalarda kartonektin ile glikoz ve insülin düzeyleri arasında negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır.
Türkiye'nin kuzeybatısında zihinsel ve bedensel engelli kişilerde yaşam kalitesi
Authors: MERCAN Yeliz , TARI SELÇUK Kevser , ARIKAN Sunbul Hulya , AYDIN SAYILAN Aylin , ESER Erhan
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada zihinsel ve fiziksel engelli bireylerin yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışma Türkiye'nin kuzeybatısındaki Kırklareli'nde 18 yaş ve üstü zihinsel veya fiziksel engelli 157 kişiyi ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışma verileri Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yaşam Kalitesi Kısa Versiyonu’nun (WHOQOL-BREF) engelliler için uyarlanmış sürümü ve DSÖ Engellilerde Yaşam Kalitesi Modülü (WHOQOL-DIS-TR) ile toplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Çok değişkenli lineer regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre engellilerde WHOQOL-BREF ve WHOQOL-DIS modül skorlarındaki artışın yüksek eğitim düzeyi, kentsel alanda yaşama, yalnız yaşama, iyi-orta düzeyde algılanan gelir, iyi-orta düzeyde sağlık düzeyi ve fiziksel engele sahip olma ile, WHOQOL-BREF ve WHOQOL-DIS modül skorlarındaki azalışın ise artan yaşla ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Zihinsel engellilerin WHOQOL-BREF psikolojik ve sosyal ilişkiler boyutu, WHOQOL-DIS engelli modülü ve bağımsızlık modül skorlarının fiziksel engelli bireylere göre düşük olduğu ve düşük eğitim düzeyi, kırsal alanda yaşama, kötü gelir ve sağlık algısının kötü yaşam kalitesi için değiştirilebilir risk faktörleri olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Investigation of apoptotic effects of D-pantothenic acid on PC-3 prostate cancer cells
Authors: ALİZADE Ares , ÖZBOLAT Gülüzar
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of D-pantothenic acid have been demonstrated and the effects of dexpentanol on inflammatory pathways and apopototic pathways that trigger cell death are of interest. Apoptotic pathways are important in resistance to chemotherapeutics in cancer diseases and in cancer development. Therefore, we planned how treatment of PC-3 human prostate cancer cells with dexpanthenol will affect the levels and activities of apoptotic and inflammation mediators. For this purpose, human prostate cancer cell culture was performed.

Materials and Methods: The human prostate cancer cells were treated with dexpentanaol then protein levels and activities of inflammatory and apoptotic pathway mediators such as gadd153, AIF, grp78, bax and bcl-2 in the cells were analyzed by ELISA.

Results: The results of our study showed that, D-pantothenic acid did not statisticaly decreased the leves of bax, bcl-2 and grp78 protein expression in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. The effect of D-pantothenic acid on gadd153 and AIF proteins in PC-3 cells was increased but this increased level did not statisticaly significant.

Conclusion: Recent studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of anti-inflammatory drugs. Our study showed that D-pantothenic acid had no significant effect on the growth of PC-3 cells and has no significant effect on intracellular apoptotic pathways.
Effects of new coronavirus pandemic in the framework of posttraumatic transformation: development of Coronavirus Effect Scale
Authors: İZGÜDEN Dilruba , ERDEM Ramazan
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the transformations that occur during the Covid-19 pandemic trauma process experienced by individuals. In this context, it is aimed to determine the awareness level of the Turkish community about Covid-19, to obtain information about the ways individuals deal with the process, and to reveal the psychological, social and economic effects of the pandemic process on individuals.

Matherials and Methods: Within this study, the “Coronavirus Effect Scale” was developed and the scale, which was developed during the pandemic period, was applied to 2115 participants, who were selected to equally represent each region in Turkey.

Results: It was revealed that, during this coronavirus pandemic process that was discussed as a trauma, the participants had a high level of awareness about coronavirus, experienced difficulties in economic and psychological terms, attempted to cope with the process through positive thoughts and spiritual means, and improved their philosophies of life with an awareness on themselves.

Conclusion: Within the framework of the research, "Coronavirus Effect Scale" was developed. As a result of the application of the developed scale, it was observed that the pandemic process, which is being experienced, affects the individuals forming the Turkish society in psychological, social and economic dimensions. People experience changes and transformations with the traumatic process.
EFFECT OF HEAT-STRESS AND PHYSICAL WORKLOAD ON WORK-REST CYCLE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN MANGROVE FOREST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
Authors:   Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Achuthan Kumetra , Gandaseca Seca ,   Department of Natural Resource Industry, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Bakar Balkis Fatomer A. ,   Department of Natural Resource Industry, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: January 2021

The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of heat stress on the health and productivity of forestry workers. The study included a method of assessment involving the use of standardized measuring equipment on several types of forestry works in mangrove forests. In this study, the thermal conditions and physical workload of workers were measured under various conditions, i.e., logging site, charcoal kiln, and nursery. A structure of the work-rest cycle could be designed properly using the standards of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Result of the study showed that the mangrove forestry works in the logging site and charcoal kiln could be carried out continuously with 25% of working efficiency on achieving maximum productivity and 75% of the rest needed, while at the mangrove's nursery site it could be carried out continuously with 75% of working on achieving productivity and 25% of the rest needed. The adjustment of working productivity is therefore established between WBGT and the work-rest cycle in the design of work. Thus, it can be concluded that consideration in modifying the work-rest cycle will result in better management of heat stress rate on productivity and health being of the workers. Besides, this study recommends that more shaded areas for forestry workers to take rest to prevent heat illness and enhance working efficiency.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCLE RELAXATION AND DEEP BREATHING TECHNIQUES TOWARD STRESS SCORES OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKES) Muhammadiyah Klaten, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, . Suyami , Sari Devi Permata ,   Department of Nursing, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan (STIKES) Muhammadiyah Klaten, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia
Published: January 2021

Adolescence was characterized by the adolescent identity crisis. Adolescents who experienced difficulty can be able to stress. Adolescents who experience academic stress are caused by exhaustion in learning, so many tasks, and full schedules of activities. Treatment which diminishes was of scholastic pressure thought reformist muscle unwinding and profound breathing unwinding methods. The reason for this exploration was to discover the viability of reformist muscle unwinding and procedures profound breathing unwinding toward stress scores in adolescents in the case of high school students in SMK N 1 Jogonalan, Klaten, Indonesia. During this research a quasi experimental design was used. The respondent for this investigation was the students of class X, each group has 9 participants. A random sampling technique was used for sampling. The instruments used were booklets, leaflets, and DASS. Bivariate factual test utilizing Paired t-test and Independent t-test was used for statistical analysis. The stress score was 19.00 before being given progressive muscle relaxation technique and after given progressive muscle relaxation technique, it was reported 16.33. Further, the stress score was 16.67 before the deep breathing relaxation was given and this was 13.78 after the technique of deep breathing relaxation was given. There was a difference in the viability of reformist muscle unwinding with profound breathing unwinding procedures in a pressure score that appeared p-value > 0.05.
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSTRUCTION FEATURES OF MEAT GRINDERS
Authors:   Shakarim University of Semey, Semey, Kazakhstan, Abilmazhinov Yermek , Abdilova Galiya ,   Shakarim University of Semey, Semey, Kazakhstan, Rebezov Maksim ,   V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zalilov Rustem ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region, Russian Federation, Nesterenko Anton ,   Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Khayrullin Mars ,   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation., Morozova Larisa ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy by T.S. Maltsev, Kurgan, Russian Federation (Lesnikovo village, Ketovsky district, Kurgan region, Russian Federation, Mikolaychik Ivan ,   Kurgan State Agricultural Academy by T.S. Maltsev, Kurgan, Russian Federation (Lesnikovo village, Ketovsky district, Kurgan region, Russian Federation, Ponomarev Evgeny ,   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation., Kulikov Dmitriy ,   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation.
Published: January 2021

Most of the technological operations for the production of meat products are mechanised and carried out using specially designed equipment, including meat grinders. This paper reviews meat grinders of different design and performance, used in both household and industrial applications. The technical characteristics, construction and operating principle of the meat grinder are described.
Preliminary studies of constructing a tissue-engineered lamellar corneal graft by culturing mesenchymal stem cells onto decellularized corneal matrix
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China, Cen Yu-Jie , Wang Wei ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China, Feng Yun ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To construct a competent corneal lamellar substitute in order to alleviate the shortage of human corneal donor.
METHODS: Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from bone marrow and identified by flow cytometric, osteogenic and adipogenic induction. Xenogenic decellularized corneal matrix (XDCM) was generated from dog corneas. MSCs were seeded and cultured on XDCM to construct the tissue-engineered cornea. Post-transplantation biocompatibility of engineered corneal graft were tested by animal experiment. Rabbits were divided into two groups then underwent lamellar keratoplasty (LK) with different corneal grafts: 1) XDCM group (n=5): XDCM; 2) XDCM-MSCs groups (n=4): tissue-engineered cornea made up with XDCM and MSCs. The ocular surface recovery procedure was observed while corneal transparency, neovascularization and epithelium defection were measured and compared. In vivo on focal exam was performed 3mo postoperatively.
RESULTS: Rabbit MSCs were isolated and identified. Flow cytometry demonstrated isolated cells were CD90 positive and CD34, CD45 negative. Osteogenic and adipogenic induction verified their multipotent abilities. MSC-XDCM grafts were constructed and observed. In vivo transplantation showed the neovascularization in XDCM-MSC group was much less than that in XDCM group postoperatively. Post-transplant 3-month confocal test showed less nerve regeneration and bigger cell-absent area in XDCM-MSC group.
CONCLUSION: This study present a novel corneal tissue-engineered graft that could reduce post-operatively neovascularization and remain transparency, meanwhile shows that co-transplantation of MSCs may help increase corneal transplantation successful rate and enlarge the source range of corneal substitute to overcome cornea donor shortage.
Therapeutic potential of Rho-associated kinase inhibitor Y27632 in corneal endothelial dysfunction: an in vitro and in vivo study
Authors:   Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan 030002, Shanxi Province, China; Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China, Song Yao-Wen , Li Xu ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China, Wang Li ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China, Pan Zhi-Qiang ,   Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To investigate the effects of a selective inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase (ROCK), Y-27632, on inbred Wuzhishan porcine corneal endothelial cells (PCECs) in vitro and in vivo studies.
METHODS: Primary PCECs were trypsinized from Wuzhishan miniature porcine corneal tissues. The optimal concentration of Y-27632 on PCECs was determined through MTT and 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU)-labeling assays. Seven New Zealand rabbits were used as a corneal endothelial dysfunction model, and a PCECs suspension supplemented with Y-27632 was injected into the anterior chamber of the rabbits. The progression of rabbit corneal opacity and edema were observed by slit lamp examination. The rabbits were sacrificed, and rabbit globes were enucleated for trypan blue-alizarin red staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunofluorescence analysis.
RESULTS: Administration of 100 μmol/L Y-27632 facilitated PCECs’ proliferation obviously. The rabbit corneas injected with PCECs suspension and 100 μmol/L Y-27632 were restored to transparency significantly after 14d.
CONCLUSION: The 100 μmol/L Y-27632 treatment improves PCECs’ proliferation significantly. And our results suggest that Y-27632 and PCECs can be used to treat corneal endothelial dysfunction.
Changes of matrix metalloproteinases in the stroma after corneal cross-linking in rabbits
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China, Jia Hong-Zhen , Peng Xiu-Jun ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To observe changes in the content of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the corneal stroma after corneal cross-linking (CXL) in rabbits, and further explore the corneal pathophysiological process after CXL.
METHODS: Forty-two rabbits (42 eyes) were randomly divided into seven groups. One group served as the control group, while the other six groups were treated with CXL. The concentrations of MMPs in corneal stroma were evaluated through parallel reaction monitoring at baseline and 3, 7, 15, 30, 90, and 180d after treatment.
RESULTS: The levels of MMP-2 in the corneal stroma of rabbits were 0.76±0.07, 2.78±1.39, 4.12±0.69, 2.00±0.29, 2.00±0.30, 1.22±0.18, and 1.35±0.18 (10-9 mol/g) at baseline and 3, 7, 15, 30, 90, and 180d after treatment, respectively. The contents of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were 1.83±0.26, 7.94±0.58, 6.95±2.64, 3.81±0.48, 3.07±0.92, 1.72±0.19, and 1.69±0.74 (10-9 mol/g), respectively. The ratios of MMP-2/TIMP-1 were 0.42±0.33, 0.36±0.20, 0.62±0.10, 0.54±0.15, 0.68±0.13, 0.71±0.10, and 0.68±0.09, respectively. After CXL, the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the rabbit corneal stroma was initially increased and subsequently decreased. The levels of MMP-2 remained higher than those recorded at baseline 180d after treatment, but it was not statistically significant. The levels of TIMP-1 returned to baseline levels at 90d after treatment. The ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-1 started to rise from 7d after CXL. It was significantly higher than that calculated at baseline 30-180d after CXL. The results for MMP-1, -3, -7, -9, -13, and TIMP-2 were negative.
CONCLUSION: CXL can lead to changes in the content of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the rabbit corneal stroma. The ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-1 remains higher versus baseline, indicating that MMP-2 is involved in the corneal pathophysiological process after CXL.
RNA interference targeting NOX4 protects visual function in an experimental model of retinal detachment by alleviating blood-retinal barrier damage
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China, Dong Kai , Ding Jie ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China, Yan Yuan-Ye ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China, Lu Li ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China, Wang Yi-Sai ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, Anhui Province, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To observe the effects of the inhibition of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression on the retinal vascular barriers and visual function after retinal detachment (RD).
METHODS: RD model was established 3wk after adeno-associaned virus vector injection. The retinal tissue was harvested 3d after RD, and the death of retinal vascular endothelial cells and photoreceptors was observed using electron microscopy. The NOX4 expression was detected by Western blot. Confocal microscopy was used to observe a retinal patch that had been perfused with Evans blue. A modified water maze test was used to detect the time required to find the platform on the water surface. The visual function of the rats was evaluated and reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression was detected by a fluorescence microplate reader.
RESULTS: The retinal patch showed that NOX4 interference significantly reduced the destruction of the tight junctions between the retinal endothelium of RD rats and reduced leakage. Western blotting showed decreased expression of the NOX4 protein and decreased expression of ROS in retinal tissue; the Morris water maze test results showed that NOX4 interference significantly decreased the escape latency of the rats.
CONCLUSION: NOX4 interference reduces the production of ROS in retinal vascular endothelial cells after experimental RD, thereby protecting the blood-retinal barrier and protecting visual function.
Exploratory study of non-invasive, high-resolution functional macular imaging in subjects with diabetic retinopathy
Authors:   Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA, Campagnoli Thalmon R , Tian Jing ,   Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA, DeBuc Delia Cabrera ,   Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA, Smiddy William E. ,   Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Published: January 2021

AIM: To evaluate a high-resolution functional imaging device that yields quantitative data regarding macular blood flow and capillary network features in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional comparative case-series in which blood flow velocities (BFVs) and non-invasive capillary perfusion maps (nCPMs) in macular vessels were measured in patients with DR and in healthy controls using the Retinal Functional Imager (RFI) device.
RESULTS: A total of 27 eyes of 21 subjects were studied [9 eyes nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 9 eyes proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 9 controls]. All diabetic patients were type 2. All patients with NPDR and 5 eyes with PDR also had diabetic macular edema (DME). The NPDR group included eyes with severe (n=3) and moderate NPDR (n=6), and were symptomatic. A significant decrease in venular BFVs was observed in the macular region of PDR eyes when compared to controls (2.61±0.6 mm/s and 2.92±0.72 mm/s in PDR and controls, respectively, P=0.019) as well as PDR eyes with DME compared to NPDR eyes (2.36±0.51 mm/s and 2.94±1.09 mm/s in PDR with DME and NPDR, respectively, P=0.01).
CONCLUSION: The RFI, a non-invasive imaging tool, provides high-resolution functional imaging of the retinal microvasculature and quantitative measurement of BFVs in visually impaired DR patients. The isolated diminish venular BFVs in PDR eyes compared to healthy eyes and PDR eyes with DME in comparison to NPDR eyes may indicate the possibility of more retinal vein compromise than suspected in advanced DR.
Risk factors for persistent epiphora following successful canalicular laceration repair
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Qin Ying-Yan , Lin Feng-Bin ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Jia Yu ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Mao Jun ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Wang Cong-Yao ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Liang Xuan-Wei ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To identify the risk factors of epiphora in patients with anatomical patency after surgical repair of canalicular laceration.
METHODS: This retrospective case series included 178 cases of canalicular laceration repair from 2005 to 2012. Demographic data collected from each patient included age, sex, type of injury, distance from the distal lacerated end of the canaliculus to the punctum, the severity score for the structural abnormity of the medial canthus, the duration of stent placement, and the timing of surgery. The risk factors for epiphora were evaluated using Logistic regression models.
RESULTS: Among the 178 cases, 45 (25.3%) with lacrimal patency after irrigation had symptomatic epiphora at the final follow-up. Patients’ sex, age, type of injury, duration of stent placement, timing of surgery, and concurrent trauma were not found to be signi?cantly associated with symptomatic epiphora after surgical repair of the lacerated canaliculus (P>0.05). A distance of more than 5 mm from the distal cut end to the punctum was closely and significantly associated with symptomatic epiphora after surgical repair of the lacerated canaliculus (P<0.01). Symptomatic epiphora was significantly more frequent in patients with higher severity scores for structural abnormities of the medial canthus (P<0.01).
CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the risk factors for postoperative symptomatic epiphora include a further distance between the distal cut end and the lacrimal punctum and a higher severity score for structural abnormities of the medial canthus. These findings could be used to prognosticate postoperative symptomatic epiphora.
Impact of binocular visual field loss on driving performance in glaucoma patients
Authors:   Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Jiang Zhen-Ying , Yao Jing ,   Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Qian Shao-Hong ,   Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)
Published: January 2021

AIM: To evaluate the driving performance in young and middle-aged Chinese glaucoma patients with mild to severe visual field loss compared to those without glaucoma by using a driving simulation test.
METHODS: Twenty-nine participants were included in this study: nine patients with glaucoma but pass the binocular Esterman visual field test, ten patients with glaucoma and fail the binocular Esterman visual field test, and ten age-matched healthy controls. A driving simulation test was designed as a frequency-based analysis of a lane-keeping task. The total performance error, the control-response amplitude and delay were calculated.
RESULTS: Esterman visual field test fail group showed the longest delay of control-response among three groups (P=0.02). And the delay in lane-keeping task was significantly associated with inferior field of better-eye (r=0.51, P=0.004) and integrated visual field (r=0.55, P=0.002).
CONCLUSION: Young and middle-aged glaucoma patients with binocular visual field loss suffered from a longer delay of response in driving simulation test, while inferior visual field having more impact than superior visual field.
Vitreoretinal surgeons’ experience and time interval from pars-plana vitrectomy to cataract extraction
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Xu Yan-Xin , Li Jian-Bing ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Cheng Huan-Huan ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Hou Min ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Lu Lin ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China, Wu Ming-Xing ,   State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To identify the association of the vitreoretinal surgeons’ experience with the time interval between pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) and cataract extraction (CE).
METHODS: Eyes with prior PPV and following CE were included in this retrospective cohort study. The years of practice and the annual case volume were used to describe the surgeons’ experience. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between surgeons’ experience and the time interval adjusted for the patients age, gender, intraocular tamponade, and case complexity.
RESULTS: Of 132 430 eyes, 1445 eyes were included in this study. In multivariable linear regression analysis, cases performed by surgeons with >20 practice years had longer time intervals compared with surgeons with <10 practice years after adjusted for other variables (β=0.329, 95%CI: 0.113 to 0.549, P=0.003). No difference in time interval was detected for comparing the lowest with the highest volume groups (β=0.089, 95%CI: -0.164 to 0.343, P=0.343). The surgeons’ practice years were not directly with the volume. For complicated surgery, the higher-practice-year surgeons had longer time interval than lower-practice-year surgeons.
CONCLUSION: The time intervals from PPV to CE is longer in higher-practice-year surgeons. The surgeons’ practice years may have a greater effect on the time interval than annual case volume in high-complexity cases. Matching the complexity of vitreoretinal diseases with the surgeons’ practice year should be considered.
Epidemiology and risk factors for sports- and recreation-related eye injury: a multicenter prospective observational study
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea, Lee Dong Eun , Moon Sungbae ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea, Ahn Jae Yun ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea, Kim Jung Ho ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea, Kim Jong-Yeon ,   Department of Public Health, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
Published: January 2021

AIM: To identify the epidemiologic characteristics of sports- and recreation-related eye injuries in a large metropolitan city and investigate risk factors associated with visual impairment.
METHODS: We performed a multicenter prospective observational study on patients using the regional eye injury registry data. This study included patients with sports- and recreation-related eye injury in four tertiary teaching hospitals in Daegu, Republic of Korea, from August 2016 to July 2018. The primary outcome was visual impairment at the first hospital visit. Distributions of sex, age, place, and causative materials were analyzed according to causative activities. To examine the association between causative activities and visual impairment, a Logistic regression analysis was used.
RESULTS: Of the 349 sports- and recreation-related eye injuries, soccer was the most common causative activity, with 21.8% (n=76). Sports- and recreation-related eye injuries occurred mainly in teenagers, individuals in their 20s, and men. Badminton and soccer were significantly associated with visual impairment at the first hospital visit compared with combat sports [(adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 5.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.67-16.09 for badminton and AOR, 3.87; 95%CI, 1.36-10.99 for soccer].
CONCLUSION: Intervention efforts such as deployment of protective eyewear in sports facilities and schools and promotion of wearing protective eyewear during these activities in teenagers and individuals in their 20s are mandatory.
Association between retinopathy, nephropathy, and periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients: a Meta-analysis
Authors:   Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Wu Hui-Qun , Yao Jin-Yi ,   Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Qi Jian-Yan ,   Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Xie Hui-Min ,   Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Sang Ai-Min ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China, Jiang Kui ,   Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
Published: January 2021

AIM: To verify the association between retinopathy, nephropathy, and periodontitis in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients.
METHODS: Several electronic databases were available for our comprehensive search including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese VIP Information (VIP), Wanfang, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and PubMed and were queried for relevant citations (updated to Mar. 2019). RevMan was utilized to perform Meta analysis and publication bias detection. After evaluation of the methodological quality of included studies, a fixed or random effect model was utilized to analyze data from included studies.
RESULTS: A total of eight articles were finally included in this Meta analysis. In all 3987 subjects, there were 1207 T2D patients accompanying with microvascular complications and 1734 patients with periodontitis as well. The Meta forest plot presented little heterogeneity of the eight studies (P<0.00001, I2=89%). The total effect demonstrated periodontitis was associated with overall microvascular complications (OR: 1.96, 95%CI: 1.67-2.30, Z=8.25, P<0.00001). Subgroup investigations among the studies in Asian (OR: 2.33, 95%CI: 1.91-2.85) and North American (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.08-1.86) populations confirmed the existed association between retinopathy, nephropathy, and periodontitis. While the strength of such associations between periodontitis and diabetic microvascular complications were more obvious in the Asians than North Americans. All the results indicated that periodontitis was associated with diabetic retinopathy (OR: 3.77, 95%CI: 2.71-5.24), diabetic nephropathy (OR: 1.55, 95%CI: 1.24-1.94) in T2D patients.
CONCLUSION: The periodontitis is associated with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy among T2D patients and further large sample size clinical trials are in need to confirm the findings.
Sustained-release drug delivery systems for the treatment of glaucoma
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, Kesav Natasha P. , Ertel Monica K. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CO 80045, USA, Seibold Leonard K. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CO 80045, USA, Kahook Malik Y. ,   Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CO 80045, USA
Published: January 2021

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, affects more than 64 million people worldwide and is expected to grow in number due to the aging global population and enhanced methods of detection. Although topical therapies are often effective when used as prescribed, the drawbacks of current medical management methods include poor patient adherence, local and systemic side effects, and in some cases, limited therapeutic efficacy. Novel ocular drug delivery platforms promise to deliver differentiated drug formulations with targeted delivery leveraging patient-independent administration. Several platforms are in various stages of development with promising pre-clinical and clinical data. The Bimatoprost Sustained Release (SR) intracameral implant was approved in the United States in March of 2020, making it the first long-term injectable therapy available for the treatment of glaucoma. This review aims to provide an update on novel sustained release drug delivery systems that are available today as well as those that might be commercialized in coming years.
Storage Certificate of Land Rights by the Saddled Mortgage Bank Loan for Redemption Legal Certainty in Padang
Authors: Menra Melky Kurniawan , Warman Kurnia , Rembrandt Rembrandt
Published: January 2021

The current global economic development makes people who have businesses need a lot of capital to achieve profits, this encourages people to borrow money from banks by providing collateral. The guarantee is in the form of a certificate of land title, and the bank will charge a mortgage for the certificate of land title, and the bank will keep the certificate of land title that has been encumbered with the mortgage until the customer's credit is paid off. The bank keeps the certificate of land rights in order to overcome the urgency that will occur if the customer defaults, and the bank will be faster in executing the collateral execution process, therefore the bank keeps the certificate of land title. The bank is also fully responsible for the storage of the land certificate, if the land certificate is lost by the bank, the bank will be responsible for managing the issuance of a new certificate, which in the process must obtain approval from the right holder whose name is recorded in the land book, as well as the parties the bank is responsible for costs incurred in the process of processing the issuance of the new certificate. In accordance with applicable regulations and with interviews that have been conducted with the bank and also the customer. The bank is very careful in settling customer credit and also in the process of storing land title certificates, and the bank has also anticipated default by customers by keeping land certificates as a form of urgency for the bank in settling customer credit, and also the bank is fully responsible for keep the land certificate in the event that the land certificate is lost, the bank is responsible for arranging the issuance of the new certificate.
Conflict and Violence among Religious People: A Case Study of Conflict and Violence Against the Ahmadiyah Congregation in Makassar City
Authors: Nurfitriani Nurfitriani , Abdullah Suparman , Mengge Buchari
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the process of conflict and violence experienced by Ahmadiyah in Makassar City and to analyze the resistance and conflict resolution models of Ahmadiyah in Makassar City in dealing with conflict and violence. This research uses qualitative methods by collecting through observation and in-depth interviews. Secondary data comes from books and research journals published online and in print. Data analysis by transcribing data, reading the entire data, analyzing in detail and describing it holistically-integratively. The results showed first, identity violence is influenced by the existence of a dominant identity factor that commits violence because of differences in beliefs. Second, direct violence against minority groups causes psychological trauma. Conflict resolution is in the form of no resistance because Ahmadiyah has the principle of "love for all hatred for none" which morally spreads teachings of peace and love for others even though they have different beliefs. From the conflict that occurred, Ahamadiyah offered a resolution in the form of asking the government to "come back to provide a sense of security for all its citizens and strengthen diversity through the restoration of social dialogue between residents" and, to remind the government that JAI is an official Islamic religious organization with the legal entity of a Ministerial Decree Justice. Second, to remind all JAI members as peace-loving Muslims with the motto of love for all, hatred for no one.
Cultural Identity Negotiation of Javanese-Muslim Settlers with Indigenous Balinese-Hindus: A Study of Intercultural Communication Strategies
Authors: Srikandi Melati Budi , Pawito Pawito , Rahmanto Andre
Published: January 2021

This article explores communication strategies in negotiating the cultural identity of Javanese-Muslims as immigrant communities in Bali. Identity negotiation theory guides this article into the construction of intercultural communication strategies. The qualitative approach is used to analyze the negotiation process between the identity that occurs, what elements of identity are involved, as well as what identity factors have an impact on communication in a harmonious life, especially among the immigrant population (Java-Muslim) and indigenous people (Bali-Hindu) in Wanasari Hamlet, Denpasar City, Bali. The results of this study showed the opportunity for each group of residents to teach their own beliefs, as well as put forward equality over differences in the creation of harmonious community life.
The Power of Evidence of Victims in Immoral Criminal Procedure in the West Pasaman Court
Authors: Hidayat Riyan , Danil Elwi , Yoserwan Yoserwan
Published: January 2021

Referring to Article 185 paragraph (7) of the Criminal Procedure Code which in essence explains that "the testimony of witnesses who are not sworn eventhough in accordance withone another, does not constitute evidence, but if the statements are in accordance with statements from sworn witnesses, it can be used as additional tools other valid proof. This raises problems in the level of practice when the childis confronted as a victim of an immoral crime, usually there are no witnesses who see and hear the criminal events committed by the perpetrator sofcrime. Instead, there is only child (not yet capable of law) as a witness who experienced the crime. However, the child's information is only used as a guide or only used to streng then the belief of the Judge because the information given by the child is considered not to meet the requirements as a witness information according to the Criminal Procedure Code. In this regard, we can see and analyze the judges' judgmentrelated to the power of proof of children witness from victims within immoral criminalaction in the jurisdiction of West Pasaman District Court. The formulation of the problem in this study is How is the power of witness information by victim's child in the case of immoral crime in the jurisdiction of the West Pasaman District Court ?. This research is a normative juridical research through case approach, law approach and conceptual approach. This research is descriptive. The results showed that The power of proof of witness information by victim'schild in immoral acts has diverse legal force. First, it is based on whether a Victim's Child can be sworn in court, so that the information by victim's childis recognized to have the same legal force as the witness's statement in the event that the victim's child can be sworn in providing information. Second, the information by the victim'schild Streng thens the judge's conviction or atleast provides guide for the judge to support the evidence of alleged criminal acts of immorality. Third, the judge did not judge the information by the victim's child to have the power of proof be cause it was considered to be incompatible and independent.
Violence in the Novel "Atas Singgasana" by Abidah El Khalieqy
Authors: Amalia Rida , Suwandi Sarwiji , Anindyarini Atikah
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to 1) describe forms of physical violence and 2) sexual violence contained in the novel Atas Singgasana. The most common violence found was sexual violence, namely 20 quotes, while physical violence was 4 quotes. The source of data in this research was the novel Atas Singgasana by Abidah El Khalieqy. The results of the analysis shown there was violence committed by male characters to female figures, both physical and sexual violence. Sexual violence in the form of actions such as speaking harshly, cursing, groping, kissing, hugging, and doing other things the victim did not want. Physical violence took the form of beatings, namely kicking, pulling and slapping.
Social Conflict in Kembang Jepun by Remy Sylado
Authors: Saputri Seprinda Ika , Winarni Retno , Sumarwati Sumarwati
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to find out the social conflict that exist in the novel of Kembang Jepun. This research focused on forms of social conflict in novels and the causes of social conflict. This study used a sociological literature approach. The source of data in this research was the novel of Kembang Jepun by Remy Sylado. The results of the study showed that the form of social conflict which showed the existence of child trafficking carried out by Janjte and Kotaro Takimura figures, violence and fights that occurred in Shinju, arrest by police at the Tjahaja Soerabja office. The reason of this social conflict was the greed character of Janjte's figure, Kotaro Takamura, who wanted his place of business to be crowded again and Tjak Broto's writing which was considered to have provoked the community to hate the Dutch government.
The Standard Concept of the Advocate Profession in Implementing Professional Advocate
Authors: Feliks Danggur , Muhadar Muhadar , Yudianto Otto
Published: January 2021

The law stipulates what should or should be done and what is prohibited. The principle of a rule of law requires, among other things, the guarantee of equality for everyone before the law (equality before the law). Therefore, the Constitution also stipulates that everyone has the right to recognition, guarantee, protection, and legal certainty that is just equal treatment before the law. From a philosophical point of view, the Legis standard ratio of the advocate profession is to guarantee the protection of human rights by the conceptual objectives of the state of law. Meanwhile, the legal reason is to guarantee legal protection. both for the benefit of the client and the benefit of the advocate himself, so that disputes between advocates and clients can be avoided which are built based on trust.
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence to Employee Performance at PT WKR
Authors: Permadhy Yul Tito , Ayuningtyas Fitria
Published: January 2021

In an organization, one of the most critical assets is human resources. Human resources are one of the main factors that play a role in determining the success of an organization to achieve predetermined goals. The employees very much learn the achievement of organizational goals. Many factors can influence the achievement of organizational goals. One of them is emotional intelligence. This research aimed to determine how much influence emotional intelligence on employee performance at PT WKR. The method used is quantitative by using an explanative approach, which has a population of 138 people. In comparison, the sample is 42 people because the samples taken vary in position, the researcher used the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The results of the calculation of the correlation coefficient analysis in this research are r = 0.424, which means a moderate relationship between emotional intelligence and employee performance at PT WKR. The result of the coefficient of determination calculation is 18%, meaning that emotional intelligence has an influence of 18% on the performance of employees at PT WKR. The remaining 82% is influenced by other factors not examined by the researcher. The results of the calculation of the correlation significance test in this research obtained the t-test results of 3.269; therefore, t count is greater than t table, emotional intelligence has a significant impact on employee performance at PT WKR.