bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A therapy programme for pre-school language impaired children
Authors: Narun Linda
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to establish effective language programmes for pre-school language impaired children based on psycholinguistic principles. Eight language-impaired children 6 males and 2 females between the ages of 3 and 6 years, were the subjects. Language samples were transcribed and subjected to syntactic analysis; semantic aspects were also considered and programmes developed for each subject, based on the information obtained from the language analyses. A developmental sequence was adopted as the basis for therapy A 'slot-method' was used in which language was taught as rule-operated behaviour Principles of discrimination learning were adopted for teaching some aspects of grammar. Auxiliary verbs are reported in detail as this was the most universal error and difficult to teach. The role of imitation in language learning and therapy is discussed.
'n Neuro-evolusionêre en neurofisiologiese benadering tot die ondersoek en behandeling van verworwe disartrie
Authors: Van der Merwe Anita
Published: August 2019

Die konvensionele benadering tot verworwe disartrie soos dit gevind word in die literatuur word kortliks bespreek. Die noodsaaklikheid vir 'n gewysigde benadering wat praktiese leidrade aan die spraakterapeut sal verskaf, word beklemtoon. Die opkoms van die neuroevolusioner-gefundeerde benadering tot serebrale verlamming, met ander woorde, tot kongenitale disartrie, word genoem. Sover bekend, is daar geen georganiseerde gegewens in die literatuur wat die neuro-evolusie van spraakmotoriek blootle vanaf die mees outomatiese, mees georganiseerde en mees eenvoudige vlak tot die meer willekeurige, meer komplekse, en minder georganiseerde vlak van funksionering nie. Bekende gegewens in verband met spraak is hipoteties georden en 'n hierargiese spraakskema is opgestel wat die neuro-evolusie van spraak blootle. Op grond van die skema en met inagneming van neuro-fisiologiese disfunksies, is 'n ondersoek program opgestel wat die spraakprobleem van die verworwe disartriegeval in sy geheel ondersoek. Behandeling geskied aan die hand van die riglyne wat die skema aandui. Deur die gebruik van toepaslike spraakterapeutiese metodes word beoog om 'n herevolusie te bewerkstellig waar moontlik.
Die diagnosering van stamel as 'n vorm van psigoneurologiese disfunksie
Authors: Uys I. C.
Published: August 2019

Die samestelling van 'n diagnostiese program vir stamel as 'n vorm van psigoneurologiese disfunksie word gebaseer op 'n teoretiese orientering ten opsigte van die simptomatologiese en etiologiese verband tussen hierdie twee sindrome. Hierdie verband word met empiriese bevindings gestaaf. 'n Omvattende diagnostiese program is saamgestel met die doel om al die verskillende simptome van psigoneurologiese disfunksie, sowel as meer spesifiek, die verbale kommunikasieprobleme van stamel, uit te lig. Ten slotte word hierdie program ge-evalueer aan die hand van eksperimentele bewyse.
Sign language in South Africa: Some research and clinical issues
Authors: Penn Claire , Lewis Robyn , Greenstein Andrea
Published: August 2019

This article describes the variations of aspects of visual language of the deaf which have been well researched in other countries and which are hypothesized to exist in South Africa. The results of a study conducted on the signing of a group of deaf school children Johannesburg and described. The signs used by these subjects for twelve lexical items differed from the signs said to be representative of the South African deaf community as a whole. Research and clinical implications are presented.
Immediate echolalia and the interactive behaviour of autistic children
Authors: Van Zyl Ingrid , Alant Erna , Uys Isabel C.
Published: August 2019

This research examined whether echolalia and interactive behaviour in autistic children could function within a communicative system. Four autistic children were videotaped individually in interaction with a familiar adult. A categorical system was designed whereby the children's interactive behaviour could be rated. It was found that the immediate echolalia is far more than a meaningless repetition of words. The utterances are relevant, displaying the conveyance of meaningful information and the maintenance of social interaction. Conclusions were drawn on the facilitation of communication through modification and expansion of immediate echolalia.
Laryngeal behaviour and fluency-inducing therapy
Authors: Behrmann Marlene
Published: August 2019

The laryngeal behaviour of an adult stutter pre- and post-therapy intervention comprised a fluency based program directed to the modification of phonatory behaviour and rate reduction. Electrolaryngographic tracing, as well as severity and frequency rating, were obtained pre- and post-intervention. Results revealed a marked change in all measurements post-intervention, indicating the effectiveness of therapy. The efficacy of the electro-laryngograph as a measurement tool was illustrated and the results are considered in the light of the current literature on phonatory, disturbance in stuttering.
'n Spektrografiese ontleding van die vokale van Afrikaanssprekende gehoorgestremdes
Authors: Meyer Santie
Published: August 2019

Die vokaalproduksie van 'n groep kongenitaal gehoorgestremde seuns is spektrografies ontleed. Die dowe sprekers toon 'n gehoorverlies van 90dB gehoorpeil of swakker in die beste oor, terwyl die hardhorendes 'n gehoorverlies van 70-90dB vertoon. Resultate is met 'n normaalhorende groep vergelyk. Die spektrografiese analise toon aan dat daar statisties betekenisvolle verskille tussen die dowes en normaalhorendes is ten opsigte van vokaalduur (dowe verleng die duur) die fundamentele frekwensie en eerste formantfrekwensie van die normaalhorendes. Die implikasies van hierdie bevindings word vir terapie bespreek.
Normal acoustic reflex amplitude growth and the influence of cochlear hearing loss
Authors: Womersley Juliette , Dickens Lucille
Published: August 2019

The nature of acoustic reflex amplitude ARA growth at 1KHz and 2kHz was investigated in normal hearing and cochlear disordered subjects subdivided into Meniere's Disease and heterogeneous pathology groups. Statistical and graphical analyses revealed significant inter-group variation ARA growth rate. The normal and Meniere's groups behave similarly, while the heterogeneous group demonstrated a faster ARA growth rate. The differential sensitivity of various measurement methods was examined. Explanations were put forward to account for variability in ARA data amongst cochlear disorder subjects. It was concluded that the clinical sensitivity of ARA measurement was questionable.
ABR audiometry: Application to the paediatric population
Authors: Helfand Susan , Yifat Rachel
Published: August 2019

This study examines the relationship between Auditory Brain Stem, Behavioural Observation and Impedance  Audiometry in a paediatric population. Particular reference is made to the strengths and weaknesses of Auditory  Brainstem Audiometry applied to this age group. Results indicate that in some cases diagnosis of hearing loss is made primarily on the basis of this test, while in other cases the test serves as an excellent check on Behavioural and Impedance Audiometry.
Speech discrimination abilities of hearing impaired children using conventional hearing aids and radio neckloop at different signal-to-noise ratios
Authors: Moodley Asoka
Published: August 2019

Speech discrimination scores of 20 hearing impaired children with a mean age of 14 years were examined when using their own conventional hearing aids on the microphone setting and the radio neck loop with and without the use of the environment microphone of the radio receiver. Testing of speech discrimination was administered in noise where S/N of +20dB, +10dB and OdB were used. Electroacoustic measurements of the hearing aids used were carried out to ascertain the extent to which the frequency response was altered when the aid was coupled to the neck loop used on the telecoil setting. Results highlighted the excellent performance of individual hearing aids when the favourable S/N + 20dB was used. The use of the environment microphone on the radio receiver did not significantly affect speech discrimination scores, implications regarding the radio neck loop and the use of amplification in the classroom situation are discussed.
Aspekte van tydreëling in normale en verbaal-apraktiese spraak
Authors: De Jager Matilda
Published: August 2019

Die doel van hierdie ondersoek is om inligting te verkry in verband met 'n aspek van tydreeling van spraakproduksie, naamlik segmentele tydsduur in Afrikaans. Vier normale sprekers en 'n apraktiese spreker is as proefpersone gebruik. Uit die resultate blyk dit dat daar wel temporale reëls in Afrikaans voorkom. Deur segmentele tydsduur by die apraktiese spreker te bestudeer, kan verdere insig in die afwyking asook terapieleidrade verkry word.
The communicative and congnitive deficits following closed-head injury
Authors: Irvine Lesley , Behrmann Marlene
Published: August 2019

The communicative and cognitive deficits of three closed-head injured patients were investigated within the framework of language form, language use, and cognitive ability. A battery of tests was administered and results indicated a degree of cognitive impairment in all subjects. The balance between the language form and language use skills was subject-specific. These findings supported the current view of heterogeneity within the closed-head injured population as well as the view that a language disorder may result from an underlying cognitive deficit. The results are discussed in the light of the existing literature on head injury. The theoretical and clinical implications are considered.
Speech discrimination in the elderly
Authors: Dickens L. P.
Published: August 2019

The performance of 39 elderly subjects on three speech discrimination tasks, viz, CID W-22 word lists, the SPIN test and compressed SPIN sentence lists, was investigated. The effects of age and audiometric configuration on discrimination ability were examined, and age was found to significantly differentiate between subjects while audiometric configuration did not prove to be significantly variable. With the exception of the HP sentences for the SPIN and compressed speech tests, scores for all other measures differ significantly and thus would seem to assess different aspects of discrimination. The implications of these results are discussed.
Early detection of ototoxicity by high-frequency audiometry: A case study
Authors: Voogt Gustav R.
Published: August 2019

The effect of an ototoxic aminoglycoside antibiotic (tobramycin) on the hearing acuity of an adult Black female cardiac patient was evaluated with a new type of high-frequency audiometer. Results indicated the effectivity of this audiometer for the early detection of ototoxicity. The possibility of higher susceptibility ototoxic damage in Blacks due to a higher concentration of melanin in the inner ear is discussed.
Die aard en voorkoms van middeloorpatologieë in laerskole vir normaalhorende Blanke kinders
Authors: Cilliers Carin , Rossouw Deon P. , Meyer Santie , Hurter Marina
Published: August 2019

Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel wat die aard en voorkoms van middeloorprobleme by graad 1 en 2 Blanke kinders is. Siftingsoudiometrie is op 50 leerlinge (100 ore), in 'n hoë, en 50 leerlinge (100 ore) in 'n lae sosio-ekonomiese omgewing uitgevoer. Alle leerlinge wat 'n eerste oudiometriese siftingsprosedure gefaal het, is aan 'n tweede siftingsprosedure onderwerp. Uit die resultate blyk dit dat 19,5% uitgeval het op die oudiologiese siftingstoetse. 'n Otologiese ondersoek het 8,5% van hierdie kinders geidentifiseer as kinders met middeloorprobleme. Daar was nie statisties beduidende verskille tussen die verskillende sosio-ekonomiese groepe nie.
The manifestation of middle ear pathology in an elderly group
Authors: Cilliers N. J. , Van der Merwe A. , Hurter M. , Nel O.
Published: August 2019

There is a lack of clarity in the literature regarding the manifestation of the structural changes due to aging in the middle ear and the pathology which occurs in the elderly. In order to determine the incidence and manifestation of middle ear problems in an elderly group, acoustic immittance measurements and otoscopy were carried out on 94 subjects over the age of 65 years. Thirty eight percent of all the subjects tested had abnormal tympanometric results in one or both ears. These abnormal results were due to either pathologies which were medically diagnosed, or other unidentified factors such as possible structural changes in the middle ear as a result of increased age. Otoscopy and acoustic immittance measures should always be carried out as part of the test battery for the elderly.
Dementia and communication pathology: Two case examples
Authors: Penn Claire , Sonnenberg Beulah , Schnaier Yael
Published: August 2019

The discourse characteristics of two female patients with dementia are described — one patient with a cortical dementia of Alzheimer's type and one patient with a classical subcortical dementia of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Distinct patterns of breakdown were observed and related to an explanatory model. Implications of the findings for differential diagnosis are discussed and the neurological representation of the pragmatic level of language is considered.
Segmental speech timing at the phoneme and syllable levels in English and Afrikaans speaking white South African children
Authors: Oosthuizen Carol L.
Published: August 2019

Two aspects of segmental timing were acoustically measured in the speech production of 30 English and 30 Afrikaans speaking white South African children. These were VOT and medial stop closure duration in VCV nonsense syllables. In addition, medial vowel duration in CVC nonsense syllables was measured in English speakers. Comparisons were made between younger (mean age 4.25 years) and older (mean age 6.5 years) subjects in each language group. Graphical statistical methods revealed certain trends in the data. English speakers employed short- and long-lag VOT for voiced and voiceless stops while Afrikaans speakers used two short-lag categories. Contextually determined right-to-left timing effects were identified which were in agreement with the literature, with different rates of acquisition of medial stop closure duration rules being observed between the language groups.
Language intervention at schools: Changing orientations within the South African context
Authors: Alant Erna
Published: August 2019

The role of the speech therapist in the school has changed drastically over the last decade. The reasons for these changes originate from a growing realisation of the importance of contextualising intervention within a particular community. This article aims at providing an analysis of the present school population in South Africa with specific reference to the Black schools as a basis for discussion on the role of the speech and language therapist within this context. The problems of second language learning and teaching are highlighted and the role of the language therapist as a consultant within the Black school system is emphasized.
Communicative competence in a group of visually impaired children
Authors: Simpson Michelle , Shapiro Glenda
Published: August 2019

Aspects of verbal and non-verbal communicative competence of five visually-impaired six and seven year old children were investigated. The Profile of Communicative Appropriateness (Penn, 1983) was used to assess communicative competence in one discourse interaction with a known interlocutor (mother). The results indicated that the subjects were predominantly appropriate in terms of verbal communication, and predominantly inappropriate in terms of non-verbal communication. Severity of visual impairment influenced performance in terms of nonverbal communication. Research and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Die invloed van sekere kontekstuele faktore op stemaanvangstyd, vokaalduur en uitingduur by verbale apraksie
Authors: Van der Merwe A. , Uys I. C. , Loots J. M. , Grimbeek R. J. , Jansen L. P.C.
Published: August 2019

Die konsep van konteks-sensitiwiteit soos ontleen aan die koalisiemodel hou groot moontlikhede in vir die interpretasie van verbaal apraktiese simptome en vir 'n beter begrip van die aard van die afwyking. In hierdie ondersoek wat deel uitmaak van die groter ondersoek waarin die effek van variasie in kontekstuele faktore op verbaal apraktiese spraak nagegaan word (van der Merwe, Uys, Loots en Grimbeek, 1987; 1988), word die effek van die kontekstuele faktore, klankstruktuur en artikulasie-eienskappe op stemaanvangstyd, vokaalduur en uitingduur akoesties ontleed. Vier persone met verworwe verbale apraksie en een persoon met verbale ontwikkelingsapraksie is as proefpersone gebruik. Daar is bevind dat stemaanvangstyd nie konteks-sensitiefis nie. Die stemaanvangstydfoute is nie ware vervangings met stemlose klanke nie, maar is onkonstante distorsies weens oorskryding van die kritiese temporale ekwivalensiegrense vir interartikulator-sinchronisasie. Vokaalduur en uitingduur, is wel konteks-sensitief. Namate die moeilikheidsgraad van die uiting toeneem, neem die afwyking in duur ook toe. Die temporale eienskappe van verbaal apraktiese spraak kan dus ook soos die ouditief waarneembare foute op grond van kontekssensitiwiteit verdeel word in kernsimptome en geassosieerde simptome.
Myrtle L. Aron
Authors: Penn Claire
Published: August 2019

No abstract available.
Comorbidity of stuttering disordered phonology in young children
Authors: Wolk Lesley , Conture Edward G. , Edwards Mary L.
Published: August 2019

Young stutterers frequently exhibit concomitant speech and/or language disorders. The co-occurrence of these disorders is, however, not yet well understood. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of "comorbidity" as it relates to the field of speech-language pathology specifically, to discuss comorbidity (coexistence) of stuttering and disordered phonology in young children. Literature on concomitant speech and language disorders in young stutterers is reviewed, with special reference to the prevalence of articulatory/phonological disorders in young stutterers. Future research on the coexistence of two speech and language disorders is encouraged, as well as the consideration of diagnostic treatment and prognostic implications for children who, exhibit both stuttering and disordered phonology as opposed to children who exhibit each disorder in isolation.
The effect of guessing on the speech reception thresholds of chilldren
Authors: Moodley Asoka
Published: August 2019

Speech audiometry is an essential part of the assessment of hearing impaired children and it is now widely used throughout the United Kingdom. Although instructions are universally agreed upon as an important aspect in the administration of any form of audiometric testing, there has been little, if any, research towards evaluating the influence which instructions that are given to a listener have on the Speech Reception Threshold obtained. This study attempts to evaluate what effect guessing has on the Speech Reception Threshold of children. A sample of 30 secondary school pupils between 16 and 18 years of age with normal hearing was used in the study. It is argued that the type of instruction normally used for Speech Reception Threshold in audiometric testing may not provide a sufficient amount of control for guessing and implications of this, using data obtained in the study, are examined.
Augmentative and alternative communication in South Africa: Accessibility and implementation
Authors: Alant Erna
Published: August 2019

The paper deals with the development of a community-based service for the implementation of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies for people with severely limited verbal expression. The concept of community-based intervention is explained and the process of training as done in the Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication(CAAC), is described. Data of pre- and post-training evaluations is discussed as well as follow-up data obtained in the various training contexts. Finally, critical issues related to the follow-up data are discussed.
The nature and management of communication disorders in a rural area: The role of the community speech and hearing therapy workers
Authors: Schneider Marguerite
Published: August 2019

Six hospitals where Community Speech and Hearing Therapy workers (CW's) are working in Gazankulu were visited. Firstly, data were collected from records, reports and case files over an 18 month period to determine the nature and prevalence of the communication disorders seen by the CW's. Secondly, the CWs were interviewed about their work situation, organisation of their time and intervention strategies used with communicatively disordered people in order to evaluate the efficacy of their work. Methodological issues requiring consideration when undertaking this type of research are discussed. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for course modifications as well as policy decisions within the profession of Speech and Hearing Therapy.
The Renfrew Word Finding Scale: Application to the South African context
Authors: Pahl Jenny , Kara Meenakumari B.
Published: August 2019

The Renfrew Word Finding Scale (Renfrew, 1988) was administered to 30 Indian (Group A) and 30 White (Group B) Durban English speaking children aged between eight between and nine years to determine its suitability for assessment of expressive vocabulary. Mean scores for both groups were statistically compared to the British norms in terms of means raw scores and mean mental age. Mean score groups A and B were compared to each other. Item analyses were carried out to obtain further information regarding possible lexical characteristics for each group and common problems with certain items. Both groups performed significantly poorer than expected according to the British norms. Group A was significantly lower than group B, thus indicating the test unsuitability for use with these population groups in its presents form.
The German FCO's decision against Facebook: a first step towards the creation of digital house rules?
Authors: Fountoukakos Kyriakos , Nuys Marcel , Penz Juliana , Rowland Peter
Published: August 2019

The 2019 decision by the German Federal Cartel Office (‘FCO’) against Facebook for its alleged abuse of a dominant position through its data collection practices is a landmark case that has received close attention beyond the German borders. It is the first case in which a European competition authority has found that terms of use that breach relevant principles under the data privacy framework can constitute abusive conduct in the form of an exploitative abuse under the competition rules. The case raises questions as to the relationship between the two legal frameworks. The FCO found that Facebook‘s terms of use and data collection practices constituted exploitative business terms directly harming Facebook users and also had detrimental effects on competition by reinforcing Facebook's market power in the social network market and advertising market. The case raises interesting questions on market definition and dominance in digital markets as well as on causality between dominance and abuse. In the bigger picture the Facebook case fits into the continuous efforts by the FCO to apply competition law in the digital sector in a dynamic manner. This article examines the FCO's reasoning in the Facebook Decision and outlines some challenges that companies in the digital sector might face in the aftermath of the decision.
Estimating chlorophyll-A concentration in the Caspian Sea from MODIS images using artificial neural networks
Authors: Boudaghpour Siamak , Moghadam Hajar Sadat Alizadeh , Hajbabaie Mohammadreza , Toliati Seyed Hamidreza
Published: August 2019

Nowadays, due to various pollution sources, it is essential for environmental scientists to monitor water quality. Phytoplanktons form the end of the food chain in water bodies and are one of the most important biological indicators in water pollution studies. Chlorophyll-A, a green pigment, is found in all phytoplankton. Chlorophyll-A concentration indicates phytoplankton biomass directly. Therefore, Chlorophyll-A is an indirect indicator of pollutants, including phosphorus and nitrogen, and their refinement and control are important. The present study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images were used to estimate the chlorophyll-A concentration in southern coastal waters in the Caspian Sea. For this purpose, Multi-layer perceptron neural networks (NNs) were applied which contained three and four feed-forward layers. The best three-layer NN has 15 neurons in its hidden layer and the best four-layer one has 5 in each. The three- and four- layer networks both resulted in similar root mean square errors (RMSE), 0.1(μgl), however, the four-layer NNs proved superior in terms of R2 and also required less training data. Accordingly, a four-layer feed-forward NN with 5 neurons in each hidden layer, is the best network structure for estimating Chlorophyll-A concentration in the southern coastal waters of the Caspian Sea.
Literatuur en de normatieve aspecten van wetenschappelijke kennis
Authors: Schrover Wouter
Published: August 2019

This article is about the relation of three literary texts to psychological stage theories. The texts under discussion are a novel by Dutch novelist Maarten ’t Hart (De aansprekers, 1979) and stories by Flemish writer Kristien Hemmerechts (‘Fasen’, 1996) and German author Daniel Kehlmann (‘Rosalie geht sterben’, 2009). This article especially focusses on the stage theory of dying, as formulated by the Swiss-American psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. For each of the three texts it is argued whether there is an intertextual relation to Kübler-Ross’s work or an interdiscursive relation to stage theories in general. It is thus demonstrated how these literary texts contribute to the dissemination of knowledge about stage theories, attesting to their popularity while at the same time critically evaluating them. By means of this demonstration, it is explained how literature is able to reflect upon the interaction between knowledge and normative views.
De verborgen complexiteit van want/omdat X*
Authors: Konvička Martin
Published: August 2019

In this paper, I analyse the Dutch construction of the type want/omdat X from the perspective of the concept of hidden complexity. I show that while the traditional use of the conjunctions want ‘because’ and omdat ‘because’ followed by an independent or a dependent clause, respectively, is overtly more complex in that it uses more language material, its hidden complexity is low. The constructions of the type want/omdat X, on the other hand, are overtly less complex, but demonstrate a higher degree of hidden complexity. The interpretation of the constructions of this type is namely context-dependent and relies heavily on extralinguistic discursive knowledge on the side of the listener/reader.
Tropical and mid-latitude teleconnections interacting with the Indian
summer monsoon rainfall: A Theory-Guided Causal Effect Network
approach
Authors: Di Capua Giorgia , Kretschmer Marlene , Donner Reik V. , van den Hurk Bart , Vellore Ramesh , Krishnan Raghavan , Coumou Dim
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The alternation of active and break phases in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall at sub-seasonal timescales characterizes each ISM season. Tropical and mid-latitude drivers influence this sub-seasonal ISM variability. The circumglobal teleconnection observed in boreal summer drives sub-seasonal variability across the mid-latitudes and a two-way interaction between ISM and the circumglobal teleconnection pattern has been hypothesized. We use causal discovery algorithms to test the ISM-circumglobal teleconnection hypothesis in a causal framework. Our analysis shows a robust causal link from the circumglobal teleconnection pattern and the North Atlantic region to ISM rainfall. We estimate the normalized causal effect (CE) of this link to be about 0.2 (a one standard deviation shift in the circumglobal teleconnection causes a 0.2 standard deviation shift in the ISM rainfall one week later). In turn, the ISM rainfall influences back the circumglobal teleconnection pattern, however weakly. Moreover, we identify causal links that represent the internal dynamics of the ISM convective cell at weekly timescales: Periods with strong updraft lead to strong rainfall one week later, but the resulting increase in static stability suppresses convection again. In our analyses, this internal ISM dynamics has the strongest CE of 0.5. Tropical Madden-Julian Oscillation variability has a CE of 0.2–0.3. Our results show that the most of the ISM variability on weekly timescales is due to internal dynamics of convective cell, but both tropical and mid-latitude teleconnections have a substantial influence. Identifying these local and remote drivers paves the way for improved sub-seasonal forecasts.
A comprehensive data quality evaluation method for the current of marine controlled-source electromagnetic transmitter based on Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Yang Rui , Wang Meng , Wang Gongxiang , Deng Ming , Jing Jianen , Li Xiancheng
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Marine controlled-source electromagnetic method has more and more applications in ocean resources exploration. Electromagnetic transmitter sends electromagnetic wave to the underground, the receiver located on the seafloor receives the electromagnetic wave which carries the information of the geosphere. And the underground structure is obtained by inversion calculation. Data quality of electromagnetic transmitter and seafloor receivers is the most important part of this method. The quality level of transmitting current directly affects the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the electromagnetic field data, as received by a multi-component electromagnetic receiver from the seabed. Although the transmitting current stability is sufficient under normal circumstances, the SNR of the received signal can change owing to factors such as outside noise. In some emergency cases such as instrument failure or a sudden increase in electromagnetic interference that we are not aware of, the frequency and properties of the transmitting current may change, such as its size and waveform. The traditional current monitoring and data playback tools fail to detect and evaluate the anomalies well and in a timely manner, which introduces considerable errors in the later data processing procedure. Pertaining to these issues, this paper proposes a comprehensive quality evaluation method for the transmitting current. The proposed algorithm, based on the analytic hierarchy process, is first used to analyse five current stability parameters: current frequency, positive amplitudes, negative amplitudes, discrepancy of ideal waveform, and waveform repetition and then to define the harmonic energy and calculate the quality of transmitting current (QTC) index of the final data to assess the quality of the transmitting current comprehensively. The results of a marine experiment performed in 2016 show that the algorithm can identify abnormal current data and quantitatively evaluate the current conditions. Under normal circumstances, the QTC index is within 2 %. However, after the simulation of anomalous mutations of the various attributes, the QTC index synchronized mutations to more than 4 % and some curvilinear features were observed. These results will provide a positive, significant guide for the evaluation and monitoring of transmitting current data in marine experiments.
PM2.5 / PM10 Ratio Prediction Based on a Long Short-term Memory Neural Network in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wu Xueling , Wang Ying , He Siyuan , Wu Zhongfang
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Air pollution is a serious and urgent problem in China, and it has a great impact on the lives of residents and urban development. The particulate matter (PM) value is usually used to indicate the degree of air pollution. In addition to PM2.5 and PM10, the use of the PM2.5 / PM10 ratio as an indicator and assessor of air pollution has also become more widespread. This ratio reflects the air pollution conditions and pollution sources. In this paper, a better composite prediction system was proposed that aimed at improving the accuracy and spatio-temporal applicability of PM2.5 / PM10. First, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in 2017 in Wuhan was obtained based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer images, with a 1 km spatial resolution, by using the Dense Dark Vegetation method. Second, the AOD was corrected by calculating the planetary boundary layer height and relative humidity. Third, the coefficient of determination of the optimal subset selection was used to select the factor with the highest correlation with PM2.5 / PM10 from meteorological factors and gaseous pollutants. Then, PM2.5 / PM10 predictions based on time, space, and random patterns were obtained by using 9 factors (the corrected AOD, meteorological data and gaseous pollutant data) with the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network method, which is a dynamic model that remembers historical information and applies it to the current output. Finally, the LSTM model prediction results were compared and analysed with the results of other intelligent models. The results showed that the LSTM model had significant advantages in the average, maximum and minimum accuracies and the stability of PM2.5 / PM10 prediction.
Influence of intraseasonal eastern boundary circulation variability on
hydrography and biogeochemistry off Peru
Authors: Lüdke Jan , Dengler Marcus , Sommer Stefan , Clemens David , Thomsen Sören , Krahmann Gerd , Dale Andrew W. , Achterberg Eric P. , Visbeck Martin
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Peruvian Upwelling System is characterized by high primary productivity fuelled by the supply of nutrients in a highly dynamic boundary circulation. The intraseasonal evolution of the physical and biogeochemical properties is analysed based on shipboard observations and remote sensing conducted between April and June 2017 off central Peru. The poleward transport in the subsurface Peru Chile Undercurrent was highly variable and strongly intensified between mid and end of May. This intensification was likely caused by a first baroclinic mode downwelling coastal trapped wave excited at the equator at about 95° W that propagated poleward along the South American coast. The intensified poleward flow shortens the time of water mass advection from the equatorial current system to the study site. The impact of the anomalous advection is mostly noticed in the nitrogen cycle because during the shorter time needed for poleward advection less fixed nitrogen loss occurs within the waters. This causes a strong increase of nitrate concentrations and a decrease in the nitrogen deficit. These changes suggest that the advection caused by the coastal trapped wave supersedes the simultaneous effect of anomalous downwelling in terms of nutrient response.
Measuring Intellectual Capital of Turkish Banks Listed on Borsa Istanbul Banking Index (BIST XBANK) with the Market Value / Book Value Method and Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) Model
Authors: Arslan Mehmet Lütfi , Kızıl Cevdet
Published: August 2019

Intellectual capital is a critical concept to realize and reflect the real value of organizations. This study took advantage of Market Value (MV)  /  Book Value (BV) method and Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) model to measure and compare intellectual capital of Turkish banks listed on Borsa Istanbul Banking Index (BIST XBANK). Also, financial indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Leverage, (LEV), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and intellectual capital performance indicators such as MV/BV ratio, Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), Structural Capital Efficiency (SCE), Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE) and VAIC of banks were compared. Research also ran a Pearson Correlations Test to investigate the relationship between these indicators and to test the hypothesis. Data were gathered from Istanbul Stock Exchange -  ISE (Borsa Istanbul), Public Disclosure Platform (KAP), Banks Association of Turkey – TBB (Türkiye Bankalar Birliği), Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency (BRSA), Fortune Turkey, Anadolu Agency and Hurriyet.
Pedagogia da natação: análise das atividades realizadas em aulas para crianças
Authors: Mello Fiori Júlia , Trevisan Teixeira Luísa Beatriz , Trindade Wizer Rossane , De Souza Castro Flávio Antônio
Published: August 2019

Resumo

Considerando a importância da diversidade de experiências motoras aquáticas para a melhor relação do indivíduo com o ambiente, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as atividades realizadas na iniciação de crianças à natação. Ao longo deste estudo foram identificadas e analisadas as atividades propostas por professores em 36 aulas observadas de modo sistemático. Dentre os resultados, das 36 aulas, de oito professores, 33 continham atividades de técnica de nado, em um total de 86 exercícios somados e realizados 134 vezes. Conclui-se que há a necessidade de se repensar a pedagogia da natação, pois a predominância no cenário atual é o ensino técnico dos quatro estilos competitivos, antes mesmo do indivíduo se tornar independente e demonstrar competência no meio aquático.
Change in Organizational Role Stress is Panacea of HRM Practices: A Comparative Study of Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Nazneen Afroze , Ali Inass Salamah
Published: August 2019

The present study conducted on faculty members of self-financing higher education institutions and government managed higher education institutions. It was aimed to ascertain the levels of organizational role stress and HRM practices, determine the relationships between role stress and HRM practices. Further it aimed at to compare the perception of self-financing institution and government higher education institutions employees on organizational role stress and HRM practices. Sample of present research based on convenient random sampling technique adopted to select 229 respondents from different self-financing institutions and government higher education institutions. Organizational role stress scale and HRM practices scales used to collect the data. The data analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and t- test to compare the groups. The results revealed that role overload appeared the most dominant stressor followed by role ambiguity, role erosion and inter role distance among faculties of self-financing institutions whereas inter role distance and role isolation emerged as the dominant stressors for faculties of government higher education institutions. The faculties of self-financing institutions are reasonably satisfied with team work and performance appraisal systems of HRM practices whereas faculties of government higher education institutions are more satisfied with compensation and participation in decision making dimensions of HRM practices. The results revealed inverse relationships between organizational role stress and HRM practices in all types of institutions. Further results observed that two groups of faculties differed significantly on role stagnation, role erosion, role overload, self-role distance, role ambiguity and resource inadequacy. On the other hand two groups differ significantly on all dimensions of HRM practices. Further results discussed in detail with suitable example.
A PROBLEMÁTICA AMBIENTAL DA CONTAMINAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS POR FÁRMACOS
Authors: Escher Mayara Andria da Silva , Américo-Pinheiro Juliana Heloisa Pinê , Torres Nádia Hortense , Ferreira Luiz Fernando Romanholo
Published: August 2019

A degradação dos recursos hídricos e a escassez de água potável são assuntos de crescente preocupação mundial, principalmente em razão da presença de contaminantes emergentes (CE) como os fármacos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo levantar informações por meio de estudospublicados sobre a presença de fármacos em matrizes ambientais e os seus efeitos no meio aquático, assim como para os organismos aquáticos e os seres humanos expostos. Observou-se aumento no número de pesquisas, tanto daquelas voltadas à contaminação dos recursos hídricos por fármacosquanto daquelas voltadas aos efeitos desses nos seres vivos. Verificou se que os fármacos estudados (diclofenaco, ibuprofeno e paracetamol) podem ser encontrados em diversas matrizes ambientais e causar efeitos ecotoxicológicos a diversos organismos não alvos como algas, moluscos,peixes e plantas aquáticas. Para os contaminantes estudados, não existe legislação associada à sua presença em matrizes ambientais, no entanto a União Europeia (UE) inseriu o diclofenaco na lista dos contaminantes que devem ser monitorados. A problemática ambiental da contaminação dosrecursos hídricos pelos fármacos envolve grandes desafios, entre eles a busca por medidas que visem à prevenção de possíveis impactos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana.
Making Evidence Actionable: Interactive Dashboards, Bayes, and Health Care
Innovation
Authors: Bir Anupa , Freeman Nikki , Chew Robert , Smith Kevin , Derzon James , Day Timothy
Published: August 2019

The results of many large-scale federal or multi-site evaluations are typically
compiled into long reports which end up sitting on policymaker’s shelves. Moreover, the
information policymakers need from these reports is often buried in the report, may not
be remembered, understood, or readily accessible to the policymaker when it is needed.
This is not a new challenge for evaluators, and advances in statistical methodology,
while they have created greater opportunities for insight, may compound the challenge by
creating multiple lenses through which evidence can be viewed. The descriptive evidence
from traditional frequentist models, while familiar, are frequently misunderstood, while
newer Bayesian methods provide evidence which is intuitive, but less familiar. These
methods are complementary but presenting both increases the amount of evidence
stakeholders and policymakers may find useful. In response to these challenges, we
developed an interactive dashboard that synthesizes quantitative and qualitative data
and allows users to access the evidence they want, when they want it, allowing each user
a customized, and customizable view into the data collected for one large-scale federal
evaluation. This offers the opportunity for policymakers to select the specifics that
are most relevant to them at any moment, and also apply their own risk tolerance to the
probabilities of various outcomes.
On the nature of the discourse effect on extraction in Japanese
Authors: Yano Masataka
Published: August 2019

The present study tested whether the D-linked object moves from its thematic position over the subject or it originates where it appears in non-canonical sentences in Japanese. To this aim, we conducted acceptability judgment experiments that employed island effects as a diagnosis of movement and assessed whether the D-linking status of an extracted object of non-canonical OSV sentences escaped island effects. The results revealed that D-linking did not improve an acceptability of island violations, and therefore, a D-linked object of OSV does have a status of a moved constituent.The present result contributes to an understanding of a relationship between syntactic representation and processing of filler-gap dependencies. According to recent event-related brain potential (ERP) studies, non-canonical sentences with a filler-gap dependency elicits a P600 effect when there is no felicitous context, but they do not reveal any effect when the filler is discourse-old information. The present result is inconsistent with the interpretation that the D-linked filler does not have a status of a moved constituent, thereby resulting in no filler-gap dependency formation in Japanese sentence comprehension. Instead, the present result is consistentwith the view that the P600 effect is not a neural cost of the reconstruction but is elicited by other cognitive processes, such as the resolution of the unsatisfied presupposition encoded by scrambling.
Susceptibility of Populus x euramericana ‘I-214’ of Spanish origin to xylophagous attacks: durability tests for its possible inclusion in European standard
Authors: Spavento Eleana , Murace Mónica , Acuña Luis , Monteoliva Silvia Estela , Troya Mª Teresa
Published: August 2019

Aim of study: to assess the natural durability of Populus x euramericana ‘I-214’ against xylophagous fungi and termites, and to carry out a macro-microscopic analysis of the alterations caused by each xylophagous agent in order to get the necessary information for its possible inclusion in existing European standards.Area of study: A 20-years-old commercial plantation Populus x euramericana‘I-214’ located in Quintanilla de Sollamas (42° 36′ 00″N - 05° 49′ 00″ W), Spanish community of Castile-LeonMaterial and methods: material sampling and selection was carried out following EN 350:2017 for commercial sawn timber. Poplar resistance to xylophagous basidiomycete, soft rot fungi and subterranean termites was determined according to CEN/TS 15083-1:2005, CEN/TS 15083-2:2005 and EN 117:2012, respectively. The durability and use classes were estimated according to EN 350:2016 and EN 335:2013, respectively. The anatomical studies were carried out with Optical and Scanning Electron Microscope. Material characterization was carried out by reference to Anagnost (1998) and Schwarze (2007).Main results: ‘I-214’ poplar wood proved to be “Not-durable” to the action of basidiomycetes, soft rot fungi and termites, use classes 1-2, and showed macro-microscopic evidence of these types of decay.Research highlights: the information obtained in this study would allow the inclusion of clone I-214 in the standard EN 350 and its explicit classification within it.Keywords: wood-decay fungi; termites; EN 350.Abbreviations used: TM: test material; RM: reference material; RH: relative humidity; ML: mass loss; mi: initial dry mass; mf: final dry mass; DC: durability class; OM: Optical Microscope; SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope; TS: transverse section samples; LS: longitudinal section samples; CI: robust confidence intervals; F: fibre; V: vessel; h: hole; t: erosion trough; R: radial parenchyma cell; ep: erosion pitting; Fc: fungal colonization; fr: fracture; c: cavity; b: bore hole; m: mycelium.
Replacing an oriental beech forest with a spruce plantation impacts nutrient concentrations in throughfall, stemflow, and O layer
Authors: Attarod Pedram , Abbasian Parisa , Grant-Pypker Thomas , Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Zahedi-Amiri Ghavamoddin , Soofi-Mariv Hamid , Bayramzadeh Vilma
Published: August 2019

Aim of study: To measure the nutrient leaching from canopy and the O layer in a natural oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forest and a Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantation.Materials and methods: From mid-July to early November, 2013, we measured throughfall (TF) (n=45), stemflow (SF) (n=12) and leaching from the O layer (n = 30) in a 0.5 ha sample plot in the Caspian region, Mazandaran province in northern Iran.Main results: Concentrations of PO43-, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ in the throughfall and the O layer in both beech and spruce forests significantly increased relative to gross rainfall. Concentrations of Ca2+ and Na+ in TF and SF were significantly higher in the spruce forest compared with the beech forest. Furthermore, in both forests, cumulative fluxes of all studied elements (with the exception of NH4+ and NO3-) during the study period were statistically different from those of GR (P<0.05).Research highlights: This study demonstrates that changing from a natural beech forest to a spruce plantation significantly alters nutrient fluxes exiting the canopy and the O layer. This information provides essential information on how planting exotic species will affect nutrient cycles in this region.Keywords: Beech forest; Norway spruce plantation; Throughfall; Nutrient leaching; O layer.