bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GhFAD2-3 is Required for Anther Development in Gossypium hirsutum
Authors: Liu Feng , Ma Lihong , Wang Youwu , Li Yanjun , Zhang Xinyu , Xue Fei , Nie Xinhui , Zhu Qianhao , Sun Jie
Published: June 2019

Background

In higher plants, FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for biosynthesis of polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. FAD2 catalyzes the first step, towards biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) found in cell membrane and wall, and it is thus of great importance to investigate the regulatory role of FAD2 in anther development.

Results

We reported the molecular characterization of the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) GhFAD2 gene family and the essential role of GhFAD2-3 in cotton anther development. G. hirsutum contains four pairs of homoeologous FAD2 genes (GhFAD2-1 to GhFAD2-4). GhFAD2-3 is ubiquitously and relatively highly expressed in all tissues analyzed, particularly in anthers. Specific inhibition of GhFAD2-3 using the RNA interference approach resulted in male sterility due to impaired anther development at the stages from meiosis to maturation. The cellular phenotypic abnormality observed at the meiosis stage of the GhFAD2-3 silenced plant (fad2-3) coincides with the significant reduction of C18:2 in anthers at the same stage. Compared with that of wild type (WT), the content of C18:1 was 41.48%, accordingly increasing by 5 fold in fad2-3 anther at pollen maturation stage. Moreover, the ration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid reached to 5.43 in fad2-3 anther, far beyond WT that of which was only 0.39. Based on compositional analysis of anthers cuticle and transcriptome data, we demonstrated it was unfavorable to the development of anther by regulating GhFAD2-3 expression level to increase the oleic acid content.

Conclusions

Our work demonstrated the importance of C18:2 and/or C18:3 in development of pollen exine and anther cuticle in cotton, and provided clue for further investigation of the physiological significance of the fatty acid composition in plant growth and development.
Temporary increase in tidal volume to improve the reliability of dynamic preload indices during robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position with lung-protective ventilation
Authors: Jun Joo-Hyun , Chung Rack Kyung , Baik Hee Jung , Chung Mi Hwa , Hyeon Joon-Sang , Lee Young-Goo , Park Sung-Ho
Published: June 2019

Background: Pulse pressure variation (PPV) and stroke volume variation (SVV) induced by mechanical ventilation are widely used as predictors of fluid responsiveness. However, the reliability of these dynamic preload indices is controversial under pneumoperitoneum. In addition, the usefulness of these indices is being called into question with the increasing adoption of lung-protective ventilation using low tidal volume (VT) in surgical patients. We investigated whether increasing tidal volume (VT) from 6 to 8 ml/kg can improve the predictive power of PPV and SVV during pneurmoperitoneum. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position under lung-protective ventilation. PPV, SVV, and the stroke volume index (SVI) were measured at a VT of 6 mL/kg and 3 minutes after increasing the VT to 8 mL/kg. The VT was reduced to 6 mL/kg, and measurements were performed before and 5 minutes after volume expansion (infusing 6% hydroxyethyl starch 6 ml/kg over 10 minutes). Fluid responsiveness was defined as ≥ 15% increase in the SVI. Results: Twenty-four of the 38 patients enrolled in the study were responders. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the augmented PPV and SVV associated with a temporary increase in VT from 6 to 8 ml/kg improved the predictability of fluid responsiveness, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70–0.95, P < 0.0001) and 0.77 (95% CI 0.61–0.89, P = 0.0003), compared to PPV and SVV values (as measured by VT) of 6 ml/kg. The absolute change in PPV and SVV values obtained by transiently increasing VT also predicted fluid responsiveness, with AUC values of 0.95 (95% CI 0.83–0.99, P < 0.0001) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.60–0.89, P = 0.0006). Conclusions: Augmented PPV and SVV values, and absolute changes therein obtained by increasing VT from 6 to 8 ml/kg, predicted fluid responsiveness with high sensitivity and specificity in our surgical population.
Myasthenic crisis treated in a Chinese neurological intensive care unit: clinical features, mortality, outcomes, and predictors of survival
Authors: Liu Fan , Wang Qiong , Chen Xueping
Published: June 2019

Background: Myasthenic crisis (MC) often requires admission to an intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods: We retrospectively investigated 113 consecutive patients with first MC admitted to the neurological ICU. Patients’ demographic, clinical and other characteristics were examined, as well as therapeutic interventions, mortality and functional outcome.
Results: MC patients at first onset admitted to neurological ICU had a mortality rate of 18.6%. PCO2 level before intubation and score on Myasthenia Gravis–Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scale at MC onset correlated with duration of ventilation and length of ICU stay. Compared with patients with good functional outcome, patients with intermediate or poor functional outcome were older at first MC onset, had lower pH and PO2, and had higher PCO2 before intubation. Multivariate logistic analysis identified pre-intubation PCO2 level as an independent predictor of survival. Cox regression showed that age at first MC onset requiring ICU management was the factor which significantly influenced the mortality.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that PCO2 before intubation and MG-ADL score at MC onset may be useful indicators of more severe disease likely to require extensive respiratory support and ICU management. Higher pre-intubation PCO2 indicates chronic respiratory acidosis that can increase risk of severe disability and death, especially in patients with older age at first MC onset.
Effects of the Chinese herbal formula San-Huang Gu-Ben Zhi-Ke treatment on Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease:study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zu Yaqi , Li Demin , Lei Xiang , Zhang Hongchun
Published: June 2019

Background

Due to the large number of patients, high mortality rate as well as high social costs and economic burden, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has become one of the most important health problem around the world, which has attracted people's attention. Currently, Chinese herbs have been widely used as alternative medicine(CAM)for COPD patients. Chinese herbal formula San-Huang Gu-Ben Zhi-Ke(SHGBZK)have shown good clinical efficacy in COPD in preclinical studies. Animal experiments have enhanced that it has mucosal immune barrier function, it can maintain airway wall integrity, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration, promote inflammatory damage repair, and relieve airway narrow conditions.

Methods/design

The study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 100 COPD patients at stable stage that diagnosed with syndrome of deficiency of lung qi and spleen qi will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two treatments group, with 50 in each group. One hundred COPD patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups（SHGBZK treatment, N=50; placebo treatment, N=50).The two groups will receive basic treatment for COPD according to the 2017 GOLD Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Patients will stick to the treatment they used to take as much as possible, and will be given present general treatment when AECOPD occurs during the study. Both groups will receive an 24-weeks intervention, and patient status was assessed at 24 weeks later and 28 weeks after treatment. After the 24-weeks treatment, another 28 weeks will be followed up. The outcome measures including the frequency and duration of acute exacerbation, lung function, TCM symptom score, exercise capacity, and quality of life will be assessed.

Discussion

It is hypothesized that SHGBZK will have beneficial effects in reducing the frequency and duration of acute exacerbation, improving exercise capacity function of COPD patients at stable stage that diagnosed with syndrome of deficiency of lung qi and spleen qi. This study may establish a new method for COPD patients, and thus differentiation from other drugs used for similar clinical indications in clinical use.
Depression in the nursing home: a cluster-randomized stepped-wedge study to probe the effectiveness of a novel case management approach to improve treatment (the DAVOS project)
Authors: Tesky Valentina Antonia , Schall Arthur , Schulze Ulrike , Stangier Ulrich , Oswald Frank , Knopf Monika , König Jochem , Blettner Maria , Arens Elisabeth , Pantel Johannes
Published: June 2019

Background

Depression is the second most common psychiatric illness in old people. Up to 30% of nursing home residents suffer from minor or major depression. Although depressive disorders in old age can be improved and even cured with adequate therapy, they often go unnoticed in nursing home residents and remain untreated. This highlights a striking deficit in health care and might results not only in lower quality of life among those concerned but also in poor physical functioning, premature mortality and increased hospitalization rates.

Methods

The aim of the interdisciplinary research project DAVOS is to implement an innovative and stepped structural case management program to improve depression treatment in nursing home residents by a modularized intervention and to assess it in terms of its effectiveness. Intervention modules are in line with recommendations given by the German national treatment guidelines for depression (S3 guidelines). Ten nursing homes in Frankfurt, Germany, will participate in the project which aims to recruit a study population of N = 380. The recruitment will continue throughout the trial (open cohort). Persons (>60 years) that live in a nursing home, have no medical diagnosis of dementia and can provide their informed consent to participate are eligible for inclusion in the study. Residents with a clinical diagnosis of dementia, alcohol or substance related disorders or other serious psychiatric illnesses will be excluded. DAVOS is a controlled cluster-randomized study that employs a stepped-wedge design.

Discussion

Our main hypothesis is that the implementation of the intervention will lead to a decline in the prevalence of depression and a reduction in depression symptoms among the home residents. In addition, we expect the intervention to have a positive impact on secondary outcomes such as level of functioning, quality of life and social participation. The project’s results can make an important contribution towards improving the health care of nursing home residents suffering from late-life depression.
RESEARCH OF QUALITY AND COMPETITIVENESS OF TOMATO JUICES
Authors: Babii Oleksandra , Bozhko Tetiiana , Donchevska Raisa , Vezhlivtseva Svitlana
Published: June 2019

The paper considers the results of the complex quality estimation and competitiveness determination of tomato juices of different producers, exported in European countries.

The complex estimation of tomato juices quality was realized according to the results of studying organoleptic (color, taste, smell, consistence) and physical-chemical (content of dry substances, β-carotene, flesh, mass share of titrated acids) parameters of 4 samples. According to the results of the complex qualimetric estimation, the highest value of the integral quality parameter was reached by tomato juice of ТМ «Galiciа» (Ukraine) (0,86). The lowest value of this parameter was established for experimental samples of tomato juices of ТМ «Rich» (Ukraine) (0,65) and ТМ «Sandora» (Ukraine) (0,61). The lower value of the integral quality parameter was inherent to juice of TM «Sadochok» (Ukraine) (0,40), explained, first of all, by insufficiently saturated and homogenous red color with inclusions, watery and liquid consistence, content of side admixtures, signs of stratification.

The competitiveness of tomato juices was estimated, taking into account functional, esthetical and economic quality parameters. The basic commodity was determined as tomato juice of ТМ «Galiciа» by the results of the complex quality estimation. According to the obtained results, tomato juice of ТМ «Rich» was found competitive by the ratio of functional, esthetical and economic parameters (1,19) that is conditioned by high esthetical and functional indices and also moderate price of realization. The relatively high (but less one unit) competitiveness level was inherent to juice of ТМ «Sandora» (0,97) by the expanse of a high realization price at rather high esthetical and functional indices. It has been determined, that juice of ТМ «Sadochok» is least competitive because of worst esthetical indices, despite a low realization price.

Thus, the main factor that influences the competitiveness of juices is a “price-quality” ratio. The obtained research results of the tomato juices quality and the used methodology of their competitiveness estimation may be useful for retail representatives (categorical managers) for the effective realization of products under conditions of competitiveness.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RECIPE OF CORN STICKS BASED ON SUGAR CORN GRAIN AND DETERMINATION OF THEIR QUALITY PARAMETERS
Authors: Dzyuba Nadya , Bunyak Olena , Bilenka Iryna
Published: June 2019

The recipes of extruded products, namely corn sticks “Kukurudzianka” and “Kukurudzianka+” based on sugar corn grain with the increased content of vitamins and protein were developed. The recipe of extruded grain products was optimized using an inset Excel Solver of a table processor MS Excel (WINDOWS 2010). The developed extrudates may be recommended for consumption by teenagers, children, at dietary nutrition, and consumption by other population layers. Physical-chemical parameters of obtained extrudates were determined, the analysis of such parameters as soaking and digestion ability was conducted. The in vitro studies established that the developed products have a high level of assimilability, reaching almost 85 %. The obtained data of studying quality parameters demonstrated that at storage during 6 months at temperature (15±5) °С humidity 70–75 % in the polypropylene package, the content of sanitary-demonstrative microorganisms corresponds to sanitary-hygienic requirements to dry breakfasts. The developed products have the high content of protein substances that is important in the aspect of consuming need of the modern human’s organism. Consumption of 100 g of sticks provides the human organism with irreplaceable amino acids in general by 24,1 %. The products, presented in the study differ by the high content of main nutrients, necessary for the human organism. The content of calcium satisfies almost 13 % of the daily need, phosphorus – 75 % and potassium – 9 % at consumption of 100 g of corn sticks “Kukurudzianka” and “Kukurudzianka+”.
The impact of strategic planning on enhancing the strategic performance of banks: evidence from Bahrain
Authors: Aziz A. Abdul Rahman Abdul
Published: June 2019

This study aims to test the impact of strategic planning on enhancing the strategic performance of Bahraini banks. The study has two variables. The strategic planning as an independent variable includes a group of four perspectives, namely environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. The strategic performance as a dependent variable also includes a group of four perspectives: financial, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth. The sample of the study consists of the employees of 10 of all the 12 commercial banks in Bahrain. A questionnaire was developed to gather the data. Five questionnaires were distributed to each bank totaling 50 questionnaires. The results showed that the strategic planning has a good statistically significant impact on financial, customer, and learning and growth. The results also showed a medium statistically significant impact of strategic planning on internal business process. The research recommended focusing on all aspects of the strategic performance in the banks under study, specifically the internal business process perspective.
Конспект интегрированной организованной образовательной деятельности в старшей группе по теме «Лес»
Authors: Sudakova Elena Pavlovna , Storozheva Galina Merkurevna , Kalinina Galina Gennadevna
Published: June 2019

Аннотация: представленный конспект предназначен для закрепления представления детей о диких животных средней полосы, их детенышах; для развития логического мышления и внимания. В педагогической практике конспект могут использовать педагоги ДОУ, студенты дошкольных специальностей.
El "enfoque ético de las capacidades" de Amartya Kumar Sen y su aplicación al desarrollo y al bienestar
Authors: S. Férriz José Luis
Published: June 2019

La necesidad de reformularse la idea de desarrollo eshacerla más central y operacional, reaproximando la ética, economíay política en dirección de una sociedad más incluyente socialmente,sostenible ecológicamente y económicamente viable. Para esa nuevaconcepción de desarrollo, se pretende habilitar cada ser humano amanifestar potencialidades, capacidades, talentos e imaginación, nabusca por autorrealización y felicidad, mediante emprendimientosindividuales y colectivos que favorezcan el ejercicio pleno de los derechoshumanos y la expansión de las libertades sustantivas e instrumentales.Para este objetivo traemos el enfoque de las capacidadesdel Premio Nobel de Economía en 1998, Amartya Kumar Sen.
Bergson literato – ensaio sobre o estilo de composição do texto filosófico
Authors: São Paulo Yves
Published: June 2019

Neste ensaio buscaremos realizar incursão no estilo de escritafilosófica e as influências que os artifícios de composição do literatoficcionista podem exercer sobre a criação de um texto de filosofia, tomandoo caso específico da filosofia de Henri Bergson, e como o usode imagens e analogias, particularmente, desempenham papel especialno desenvolvimento da intuição como método para chegar à duração.
Entre Pollock e Benjamin: teoria e práxis no “Estado autoritário” de Horkheimer
Authors: De Caux Luiz Philipe , Mazzocchini Graziano
Published: June 2019

O artigo sustenta as seguintes teses interpretativas acercado ensaio “Estado autoritário”, de Max Horkheimer: a) que há, nestetexto, uma particular tensão, de difícil resolução, entre uma posturapessimista e uma otimista por parte do autor, que remonta a um modotenso de compreender a separação entre teoria e práxis; b) que essastensões podem ser melhor compreendidas à luz da máxima horkheimerianado “pessimismo teórico” e do “otimismo prático” e também,paralelamente, às influências contextuais e, em certo sentido, contraditórias,de Friedrich Pollock e Walter Benjamin. Assim, busca-se exploraressas influências a fim de melhor compreender como os pólosdaquelas tensões puderam encontrar uma articulação dialética emHorkheimer naquele singular momento histórico.
POVOS INDÍGENAS, MAPEAMENTOS PARTICIPATIVOS E POL´ÍTICA DE GESTÃO TERRITORIAL: O CASO DO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Andrade Lara Erendira Almeida de
Published: June 2019

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir duas experiências que foram desenvolvidas no contexto de implementação Política Nacional de Gestão Territorial e Ambiental em Terras Indígenas (PNGATI). Nos referimos aos projetos de realização dos Planos de Gestão Territorial e Ambiental (PGTA) das de Terras Indígenas Pankararu Entre Serras e Kapinawá, ambas em Pernambuco, semiárido pernambucano, nas quais os autores participaram enquanto membros da equipe. Propomos-nos a refletir sobre de forma mais detalhada sobre como os processos de mapeamento participativos foram desenvolvidos e seus respectivos resultados.
CARTOGRAFIAS E CONFLITO TERRITORIAL NO QUILOMBO RIO DOS MACACOS
Authors: Cordeiro Paula Regina Oliveira
Published: June 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as relações de conflito no território étnico do Quilombo Rio dos Macacos, comunidade que desde a década de 1950 está em conflito com a Marinha do Brasil. A partir da judicialização do conflito, em 2009, as cartografias são utilizadas tanto pelos sujeitos que detêm o conhecimento especializado quanto pela comunidade, pelos sujeitos autóctones. As diferentes formas de representação do território quilombola são notadas a partir de quem constrói o mapa. Com a apropriação da cartografia social os quilombolas avançam nos debates a cerca das propostas apresentadas pelos sujeitos hegemônicos do conflito, produzindo contrapropostas e imprimindo novas cartografias e contornos para o conflito territorial.
Thermostability of Lipase A and Dynamic Communication Based on Residue Interaction Network
Authors: Xia Qian , Ding Yanrui
Published: June 2019

Objective:

Dynamic communication caused by mutation affects protein stability. The
main objective of this study is to explore how mutations affect communication and to provide
further insight into the relationship between heat resistance and signal propagation of Bacillus
subtilis lipase (Lip A).

Methods:

The relationship between dynamic communication and Lip A thermostability is studied
by long-time MD simulation and residue interaction network. The Dijkstra algorithm is used to get
the shortest path of each residue pair. Subsequently, time-series frequent paths and spatio-temporal
frequent paths are mined through an Apriori-like algorithm.

Results:

Time-series frequent paths show that the communication between residue pairs, both in
wild-type lipase (WTL) and mutant 6B, becomes chaotic with an increase in temperature; however,
more residues in 6B can maintain stable communication at high temperature, which may be
associated with the structural rigidity. Furthermore, spatio-temporal frequent paths reflect the
interactions among secondary structures. For WTL at 300K, β7, αC, αB, the longest loop, αA and αF
contact frequently. The 310-helix between β3 and αA is penetrated by spatio-temporal frequent paths.
At 400K, only αC can be frequently transmitted. For 6B, when at 300K, αA and αF are in more tight
contact by spatio-temporal frequent paths though I157M and N166Y. Moreover, the rigidity of the
active site His156 and the C-terminal of Lip A are increased, as reflected by the spatio-temporal
frequent paths. At 400K, αA and αF, 310-helix between β3 and αA, the longest loop, and the loop
where the active site Asp133 is located can still maintain stable communication.

Conclusion:

From the perspective of residue dynamic communication, it is obviously found that
mutations cause changes in interactions between secondary structures and enhance the rigidity of
the structure, contributing to the thermal stability and functional activity of 6B.
pH-Dependent Thermal Stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase
Authors: Radha Remya , Gummadi Sathyanarayana N.
Published: June 2019

Background:

pH is one of the decisive macromolecular properties of proteins that significantly affects enzyme structure, stability and reaction rate. Change in pH may protonate or deprotonate the side group of aminoacid residues in the protein, thereby resulting in changes in chemical and structural features. Hence studies on the kinetics of enzyme deactivation by pH are important for assessing the bio-functionality of industrial enzymes. L-asparaginase is one such important enzyme that has potent applications in cancer therapy and food industry.

Objective:

The objective of the study is to understand and analyze the influence of pH on deactivation and stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase.

Methods:

Kinetic studies were conducted to analyze the effect of pH on stability and deactivation of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. Circular Dichroism (CD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies have been carried out to understand the pH-dependent conformational changes in the secondary structure of V. cholerae L-asparaginase.

Results:

The enzyme was found to be least stable at extreme acidic conditions (pH< 4.5) and exhibited a gradual increase in melting temperature from 40 to 81 °C within pH range of 4.0 to 7.0. Thermodynamic properties of protein were estimated and at pH 7.0 the protein exhibited ΔG37of 26.31 kcal mole-1, ΔH of 204.27 kcal mole-1 and ΔS of 574.06 cal mole-1 K-1.

Conclusion:

The stability and thermodynamic analysis revealed that V. cholerae L-asparaginase was highly stable over a wide range of pH, with the highest stability in the pH range of 5.0–7.0.
Natural Products as Potential Anti-Alzheimer Agents
Authors: Panda Siva S. , Jhanji Nancy
Published: June 2019

Medicinal plants have curative properties due to the presence of various complex chemical
substances of different composition, which are found as secondary metabolites in one or more
parts of the plant. The diverse secondary metabolites play an important role in the prevention and
cure of various diseases including neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Naturally
occurring compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and glycosides found in various
parts of the plant and/or marine sources may potentially protect neurodegeneration as well as improve
memory and cognitive function. Many natural compounds show anti-Alzheimer activity
through specific pharmacological mechanisms like targeting β-amyloid, Beta-secretase 1 and Acetylcholinesterase.
In this review, we have compiled more than 130 natural products with a broad
diversity in the class of compounds, which were isolated from different sources showing anti-
Alzheimer properties.
Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-Based Drug Delivery
Authors: Cao Jian , Li Xuejiao , Tian Hongqi
Published: June 2019

Background:

Developing a controllable drug delivery system is imperative and important
to reduce side effects and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Metal-organic frameworks
(MOFs) an emerging class of hybrid porous materials built from metal ions or clusters bridged by
organic linkers have attracted increasing attention in the recent years owing to the unique physical
structures possessed, and the potential for vast applications. The superior properties of MOFs, such
as well-defined pore aperture, tailorable composition and structure, tunable size, versatile functionality,
high agent loading, and improved biocompatibility, have made them promising candidates as
drug delivery hosts. MOFs for drug delivery is of great interest and many very promising results
have been found, indicating that these porous solids exhibit several advantages over existing systems.

Objective:

This review highlights the latest advances in the synthesis, functionalization, and applications
of MOFs in drug delivery, and has classified them using drug loading strategies. Finally, challenges
and future perspectives in this research area are also outlined.
QSAR Models for Predicting Aquatic Toxicity of Esters Using Genetic Algorithm-Multiple Linear Regression Methods
Authors: Rajabi Mehdi , Shafiei Fatemeh
Published: June 2019

Aim and Objective:

Esters are of great importance in industry, medicine, and space
studies. Therefore, studying the toxicity of esters is very important. In this research, a Quantitative
Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) model was proposed for the prediction of aquatic toxicity
(log 1/IGC50) of aliphatic esters towards Tetrahymena pyriformis using molecular descriptors.

Materials and Methods:

A data set of 48 aliphatic esters was separated into a training set of 34
compounds and a test set of 14 compounds. A large number of molecular descriptors were
calculated with Dragon software. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Multiple Linear Regression
(MLR) methods were used to select the suitable descriptors and to generate the correlation models
that relate the chemical structural features to the biological activities.

Results:

The predictive powers of the MLR models are discussed by using Leave-One-Out (LOO)
cross-validation and external test set. The best QSAR model is obtained with R2 value of 0.899, Q2
LOO =0.928, F=137.73, RMSE=0.263.

Conclusion:

The predictive ability of the GA-MLR model with two selected molecular descriptors
is satisfactory and it can be used for designing similar group and predicting of toxicity (log
1/IGC50) of ester derivatives.
Phytochemical Information and Biological Activities of Quinolizidine Alkaloids in Sophora: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Wang Hanqing , Xia Changbo , Chen Li , Zhao Jianjun , Tao Weiwei , Zhang Xia , Wang Jianhuan , Gao Xiaojuan , Yong Jingjiao , Duan Jin-ao
Published: June 2019

Quinolizidine alkaloids, a main form of alkaloids found in the genus Sophora, have been
shown to have many pharmacological effects. This review aims to summarize the photochemical reports
and biological activities of quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora. The collected information suggested that a
total of 99 quinolizidine alkaloids were isolated and detected from different parts of Sophora plants, represented
by lupinine-type, cytisine-type, sparteine-type, and matrine-type. However, quality control
needs to be monitored because it could provide basic information for the reasonable and efficient use of
quinolizidine alkaloids as medicines and raw materials. The nonmedicinal parts may be promising to be
used as a source of quinolizidine alkaloid raw materials and to reduce the waste of resources and environmental
pollution. In addition, the diversity of chemical compounds based on the alkaloid scaffold to
make a biological compound library needs to be extended, which may reduce toxicity and find new bioactivities
of quinolizidine alkaloids. The bioactivities most reported are in the fields of antitumor activity
along with the effects on the cardiovascular system. However, those studies rely on theoretical research,
and novel drugs based on quinolizidine alkaloids are expected.
Mogroside V Inhibits Hyperglycemia-induced Lung Cancer Cells Metastasis through Reversing EMT and Damaging Cytoskeleton
Authors: Chen Jun , Jiao Demin , Li Yu , Jiang Chunyan , Tang Xiali , Song Jia , Chen Qingyong
Published: June 2019

Background:

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) accelerates progress of lung cancer. Hyperglycemia,
a critical feature of DM, promotes lung cancer metastasis. Mogroside V is a triterpenoid glycoside
from Siraitia grosvenorii. Interestingly, mogroside V not only plays an anti-diabetic role, but
also has anti-tumor effects.

Objective:

In this study, we investigated the metastatic efficiency of mogroside V in lung cancer
cells cultured in hyperglycemia.

Methods:

Two lung cancer cell lines-A549 and H1299 were cultured in normoglycemia (5.5mM
glucose) and hyperglycemia (25mM glucose). Cellular proliferation was tested by MTT, invasion
was examined by transwell assay, migration was measured by wound healing assay, cytoskeleton
was stained by Phalloidin-TRITC and the expressions of EMT markers and Rho-GTPase family protein
were detected by western blot.

Results:

Hyperglycemia promoted the invasion and migration of A549 and H1299 cells compared
with normoglycemia. Mogroside V inhibited the hyperglycemia-induced invasion and migration.
Hyperglycemia promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while mogroside V could reverse
this process through up-regulating E-Cadherin expression and down-regulating N-Cadherin,
Vimentin, Snail expressions. Furthermore, mogroside V fractured microfilaments and reduced Rho
A, Rac1, Cdc42 and p-PAK1 expressions under hyperglycemic conditions.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that mogroside V inhibits hyperglycemia-induced lung cancer
cells migration and invasion through reversing EMT and damaging cytoskeleton.
Epigenetic Modification in Macrophages: A Promising Target for Tumor and Inflammation-associated Disease Therapy
Authors: Sun Pei , Zhang Shu-Jing , Maksim Semenov , Yao Yong-Fang , Liu Hong-Min , Du Juan
Published: June 2019

Macrophages are essential for supporting tissue homeostasis, regulating immune response, and promoting tumor progression. Due to its heterogeneity, macrophages have different phenotypes and functions in various tissues and diseases. It is becoming clear that epigenetic modification playing an essential role in determining the biological behavior of cells. In particular, changes of DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation regulated by the corresponding epigenetic enzymes, can directly control macrophages differentiation and change their functions under different conditions. In addition, epigenetic enzymes also have become anti-tumor targets, such as HDAC, LSD1, DNMT, and so on. In this review, we presented an overview of the latest progress in the study of macrophages phenotype and function regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, to better understand how epigenetic modification controls macrophages phenotype and function in inflammation-associated diseases, and the application prospect in anti-tumor.
Syndrome of Supine Hypertension with Orthostatic Hypotension: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach
Authors: Ahmed Aamir , Ruzieh Mohammed , Kanjwal Shaffi , Kanjwal Khalil
Published: June 2019

This article is intended to provide guidance and clinical considerations for physicians managing patients suffering from supine hypertension with orthostatic hypotension, referred to as “SH-OH”. We review the normal physiologic response to orthostasis, focusing on the appropriate changes to autonomic output in this state. Autonomic failure is discussed with a generalized overview of the disease and examination of specific syndromes that help shed light on the pathophysiology of SH-OH. The goal of this review is to provide a better framework for clinical evaluation of these patients, review treatment options, and ultimately work toward achieving a better quality of life for patients afflicted with this disease.
Recent Advances on Ankle Rehabilitation Device
Authors: Tang Dedong , Xiao Limei
Published: June 2019

Background:

Ankle joint, as one of the important joints supporting the weight of human
body, is vulnerable to injury in daily physical exercise and sports because of its special growth location
and anatomical composition. The rehabilitation period of traumatic ankle is relatively long,
especially in the later period of recovery. In order to relieve the clinical symptoms such as swelling
and pain caused by ankle trauma, the rehabilitation of the ankle should be actively carried out by
means of rehabilitation equipment. Thus, the ankle rehabilitation cycle can be minimized largely
and the rehabilitation efficiency can be improved greatly.

Objective:

Through the summary of the latest literature on ankle rehabilitation devices, readers will
be familiar with the research progress and difficulties in this field, and the reference for the followup
study in this direction is provided.

Methods:

The structural characteristics and applications of the ankle rehabilitation devices are introduced
in the paper. The latest patents and articles related to ankle rehabilitation device are compared
and analyzed.

Results:

The ankle rehabilitation devices are classified according to the structure characteristics,
driving mode and training function. The advantages and disadvantages of various devices are
pointed out, and the future development direction of this research field is predicted.

Conclusion:

Studies show that remarkable improvements have been achieved on the ankle rehabilitation
equipment. In the future, the structural optimization, new materials, control strategy, new type
actuators, and rehabilitation evaluation of ankle rehabilitation devices should be further studied.
Pyridoxine Decreases Oxidative Stress on Human Erythrocyte Membrane Protein in vitro
Authors: Velásquez Margarita , Méndez Darío , Moneriz Carlos
Published: June 2019

Background:

Pyridoxine has reduction and prevention against the levels of reactive oxygen species in in vitro studies. However, the biochemical mechanism that explains this behavior has not yet been fully clarified.

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of pyridoxine against oxidative damage on the membrane of human erythrocytes.

Methods:

Cumene hydroperoxide was used to induce oxidative stress in protein and lipid. Human erythrocytes were incubated with pyridoxine and cumene hydroperoxide, either alone or together for 8 h. Oxidative damage was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation and membrane protein carbonylation.

Results:

The results indicate that the malondialdehyde concentration decreased with increasing concentration of pyridoxine. The membrane protein content also decreased with increasing concentration of vitamin B6, which was confirmed by the decreased signal intensity in the western blot when compared to control without pyridoxine. Results demonstrate that pyridoxine can significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in red cell membrane exposed to high concentrations of oxidant agent.

Conclusion:

Pyridoxine showed a protective effect against the oxidative stress in human erythrocytes in vitro, inhibiting the carbonylation and the oxidative damage of erythrocyte membrane proteins. To date, such an effect has not yet been reported in terms of protein oxidation.
Creating a Gain Improvement Technique for a Horn Antenna using a Metamaterial Structure Inserted with a Thin Dielectric Sheet
Authors: Kamphikul Paowphattra , Mankong Ukrit , Wongsan Rangsan
Published: June 2019

Objective:

This paper proposed a new technique for the metamaterial on the structure of the curved-woodpile Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) inserted with a dielectric slab for gain improvement in a conventional rectangular horn antenna.

Methods:

We described a method to enhance gain by transferring the electromagnetic fields from the aperture of a horn through the EBG structure. Furthermore, we present the design procedures for inserting a dielectric slab into two layers of the EBG structure for the reduction of distance between the horn and proposed EBG structure.

Results and Conclusions:

Such a proposed technique not only has the advantage of decreasing the total length of the antenna system but also providing higher gain with a low profile structure.

This idea has been verified by both simulation and experimental results. The fabricated antenna can achieve 23.9 dBi of gain or higher than the gain, which is obtained using a conventional rectangular horn antenna at around 7 dBi at an operating frequency of 10 GHz. It is apparent that a good qualitative agreement between the measurements and simulations was achieved.
Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Campomanesia Phaea Extracts Obtained by Pressurized Liquid Extraction
Authors: Firmiano Daniele Martins , Bittencourt Gabriela Marques , Lopes de Oliveira Alessandra
Published: June 2019

Objective:

This research used the Pressurized Liquid Extraction process (PLE) to obtain cambuci extracts rich in phenolic compounds and, consequently, with high antioxidant activity.

Methods:

We determined the centesimal composition and the mean particle size of the dried and crushed sample for characterization of the fixed bed extractor. Extractions with pressurized ethanol were performed following a Central Composite Design (CCD) with temperature (60 °C at the center point with ± 10 °C amplitude) and the contact time between the solvent and the matrix (6 min at the center point with ± 2 min amplitude) as independent variables in the process. The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) of compounds and antioxidant activity were determined.

Results:

The mean particle size of the cambuci in the PLE was 263.4 μm with apparent and real densities of 32.42 g/cm3and 1.62 g/cm3, respectively, resulting in a fixed bed porosity of 0.43. The centesimal composition of the comminuted and dried sample was 12.5 ± 0.1% moisture, 3.2 ± 0.2% ash, 3.35 ± 0.07% crude protein, 10.32 ± 0.08% crude fiber and 0.35 ± 0.04% ethereal extract. The highest extraction yield (41.7%) was obtained by using the binomial 70 ºC with 8 min of solvent contact in three batches. Extracts with the highest TPC (6501.10 mg AGE/100 g sample) were obtained by the binomial 74 °C with 6 min of contact; the binomial 50 °C with 4 min of contact gave rise to the extract with the highest antioxidant activity. The CCD showed high yield extracts with high antioxidant activity and a high total phenolic compound content.

Conclusion:

With the use of the proposed experimental design, it was possible to optimize the extraction of total phenolic compounds from the sample.
Phytochemical Investigation and Antimutagenic Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellirica
Authors: Singamaneni Venugopal , Dokuparthi Sudheer Kumar , Banerjee Nilanjana , Kumar Ashish , Chakrabarti Tulika
Published: June 2019

Background:

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. which belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae,
Terminalia chebula Retz. and Terminalia bellerica Roxb. belong to the family Combretaceae. These
are well known medicinal plants with phytochemical reservoir of great medicinal values and possess
a vast ethnomedical history.

Objective:

The aim of the present study is to isolation of major compounds and to evaluate antimutagenic
potential of the ethanol extracts of these plants.

Methods:

The dried fruits of E. officinalis, T. bellirica and T. chebula were powdered and extracted
with 95% ethanol. The ethyl acetate portions were chromatographed over silica gel to isolate major
compounds. Antimutagenic activity was determined by Ames test using TA98 and TA100 strains of
Salmonella typhimurium.

Results:

Two major known compounds, gallic acid and ellagic acid were isolated from the dried
fruits of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and T. bellirica. All the three extracts counteracted
the mutagenicity induced by different genotoxic compounds in a dose dependent manner.

Conclusion:

This study showed that ethyl acetate portion of three extracts contain two major compounds,
gallic acid and ellagic acid which might be responsible for potent antimutagenic activity of
these extracts.
Overview of Sustainable Plant Growth and Differentiation and the Role of Hormones in Controlling Growth and Development of Plants Under Various Stresses
Authors: Ali Shahid , Baloch Abdul Majeed
Published: June 2019

Plant development is different from animals by many fundamental aspects; as they have immobilized cells, a rigid cell wall, and the large central vacuole. Plant growth and cell division are restricted to the specific area of the shoot and root called meristems. Plants have the ability to carry out differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation. In plants, the growth and differentiation processes are controlled by hormonal and genetic factors. Phytohormones can exert independent/ dependent actions on plant growth and development. A pool of stem cells is placed at the niche of the apex meristem, which is the source of self-renewal of the cell system and its maintenance to provide cells to differentiated tissues. A complex interaction network between hormones and other factors maintains a balance between cell division and differentiation. Auxins promote the growth, gibberellins’ function in seed germination, cytokinin’s influence on cell division and delay leaf senescence; abscisic acid promotes the stomatal closure and bud dormancy, while salicylic acid promotes resistance against different diseases. Plants are often exposed to different abiotic and biotic stresses, for example, heat, cold, drought, salinity etc., whereas biotic stress arises mainly from fungi, bacteria, insect, etc. Phytohormones play a critical role in well-developed mechanisms that help to perceive the stress signal and enable the plant’s optimal growth response. In this review, we studied both the intrinsic and extrinsic factors which govern growth and differentiation of plants under normal and stress condition. This review also deals with genetic modifications occurring in the cell and cell signaling during growth and differentiation.
Collaborative Packet Dropping Intrusion Detection in MANETs
Authors: Ginnela Gopichand , Saravanaguru Ramaiah Kannan
Published: June 2019

Background:

Wireless Networks treat Mobile Ad hoc Network as a network that requires no preexisting
infrastructure for setting up the network and is self-organized dynamically, which is made on impermanent
basis. Before transmitting the packets from the source to the destination node, route is searched to
the destination node from the source node. Due to the absence of special routers in this network, the nodes
themselves act as routers and co-operates in performing the routing mechanism. During the packet dispatch
to the destination from the source, there might be a critical attack which leads to the dropping of the packet.
This dropping of packets is the most popular risks in mobile ad hoc networks.

Objective:

To find a detection mechanism for collaborative packet dropping in Mobile Ad hoc network.

Methods:

The proposed work refers to the diverse properties of collective packet dropping intrusions and
scrutinizes the classes of proposed protocols with specific topographies warehoused in wireless ad hoc networks.

Results:

The results of End-to-End delay shows that Mobile Ad hoc Network beneath supportive black hole
intrusion had a minor decrease and are more efficient in terms of performance.

Conclusion:

In this paper, we mainly engrossed on the special routing protocols existing in MANET like
AODV, DSR, and DSDV in detecting the packet dropping attack in a MANET. Hence we refer to the diverse
stuffs in collaborative packet dropping attacks and scrutinize classifications of proposed protocols with
certain configurations warehoused in mobile ad hoc networks.
Lipid nanoparticle topical & transdermal delivery: a review on production, penetration mechanism to skin
Authors: Patel Dilip K , Kumar Vikas , Kesharwani Roohi
Published: June 2019

Lipid nanoparticles are an alternative and modern carrier system to traditional drug delivery system i.e. liposomes and emulsions. This systematic review on lipid nanoparticles focus on production, challenges and advancement of delivery of drug via topical and transdermal route. Production of solid lipid nanoparticles and naostructured lipd carrier are produced by a variety of technique which explored in current review. Lipid nanoparticle exhibit many features for topical application of cosmetics and pharmaceutics, i.e. controlled release of actives, Physical and chemical stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients, drug targeting, occlusion, film formation and associated with it penetration enhancement and increase of skin hydration. Due to the production of lipid nanoparticles from physiological and/or biodegradable lipids, this carrier system exhibits an excellent tolerability. Furthermore an overview of the benefit/risk ratio of lipid nanoparticles also explored in this paper. The SLN & NLC are a “nanosafe” carrier for the delivery of active pharmaceutical via topical route.
Моделирование механических свойств сильно неоднородных систем под внешним воздействием
Authors: Александров П.А. , Свечников А.Б. , Горев В.В. , Ryan E.V. , Ryan W.H. , Stange-Love H.K.
Published: June 2019

AbstractLaboratory tests that were supplemented by a new numerical model have been conducted to study mechanical properties of asteroids with a highly heterogeneous structure. The functional form of the method of molecular dynamics, which was extended to macroscopic spatial scales, has been used in the numerical model. In the experiment, targets that were composed of glass balls, which were bonded by conventional ice, interacted with fast impactors. High-speed cameras recorded the destruction process of the ice matrix and preservation of glass balls without damage. In parallel, parameterization of the mathematical model was performed and calculated data have been compared with the experiment. The energy range of impactors when the impact causes deflection of the target with minimal destruction was able to be determined.