bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Problem Posing, CUPs and Critical Thinking on HOTS-Based Learning Achievement
Authors: Lestari Ika Dewi , Japar M. , Sapriati Amalia
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to determine the effect of the learning model, which consists of problem posing and conceptual understanding procedures (CUPs) and critical thinking on learning outcomes-oriented (HOTS) on the content of mathematics lessons. The research was conducted at a state elementary school in Jakarta, with a sample of 68 students. The independent variables are learning models and critical thinking, while the dependent variable is HOTS-oriented learning outcomes on the content of mathematics lessons. The method is an experimental method with a 2 x 2 research design. Data were analyzed using normality, homogeneity and Anova tests; Tukey's test was also used as a follow-up test. The results showed: 1) there were differences in the learning outcomes of HOTS-oriented mathematics between students who used the problem-posing learning model and students who used the CUPs learning model; 2) there are differences in HOTS-oriented mathematics learning outcomes between students who have high critical thinking skills and those who have low critical thinking skills; 3) there is an interaction effect between learning models and critical thinking on HOTS-oriented mathematics learning outcomes; 4) there are differences in HOTS-oriented mathematics learning outcomes for students who have high critical thinking skills between those using the problem-posing learning model and the CUPs model; 5) there is no difference in the learning outcomes of HOTS-oriented mathematics students who have low critical thinking skills between those using the problem-posing learning model and the CUPS model. The conclusion of the research is the problem posing learning model and critical thinking skills affect the HOTS-oriented learning outcomes of mathematics lessons. This implies that problem posing and CUPs are effective learning models in improving learning outcomes, so they can be taken into consideration and as new alternatives for teachers.
Evaluation of the Implementation of Assessment in Higher Order Thinking Skills Oriented Learning 2013 Curriculum in Elementary Schools
Authors: Rizki Rike Nur , Mustadi Ali , Wangid Muhammad Nur
Published: November 2022

This research is evaluation research that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of assessment in HOTS-oriented learning in learning in elementary schools in Depok DIY. The evaluation model used is the Stake Countenance Models evaluation model. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires, interviews and observation. The results of this study conclude that HOTS-oriented appraisal has not been fully achieved very well both from the appraisal planning, implementation of the appraisal, and management of HOTS-oriented appraisal results (1) for the implementation of the HOTS appraisal in the 2013 curriculum categorized as less good (2%); (2) the category is quite good (16%); (3) good category (68%); (4) very good category (14%). The results showed that not all components were said to be very good. Based on the quantitative analysis conducted, it is known that implementing the HOTS-oriented assessment on aspects of planning, implementation, and management of results is in a good category and must be increased to the outstanding category.
卡片教学法对加油汉语补习班小学一年级学生掌握汉语名词的影响 PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN FLASHCARD TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KATA BENDA PADA SISWA DI KURSUS MANDARIN JIAYOU
Authors: Wijaya Kesumawaty , Joan Cindy
Published: November 2022

The study aims to find out whether the application of visual learning media in the form of flash cards either has a significant or no effect on the mastery of Chinese nouns in students in the Jiayou Mandarin Course. The research design used is a quantitative research design. The data collection technique used is in the form of a test which amounts to 20 questions with data processing techniques for reliability testing, normality testing, homogeneity testing, and hypothesis testing. The results of the calculation of the reliability test with KR20 obtained a value of 0.710 which means the reliability criteria are high, the Lilliefors Normality Test in the pre-test data for class I-A is 0.198 and class I-C is 0.094 at a significant level = 0.05 of 0.220 which means the data is normally distributed. Homogeneity test of the two data groups with the F test obtained a value of 1.01 at a significant level = 0.05 of 2.48 which means the data is homogeneous. Hypothesis Testing with t-test obtained a value of 7.795. Then the t table obtained at the significant level = 0.05 is 2.131. From these two values, it is found that thitung > ttabel (7.795 > 2.131). So, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is a significant influence between flash card media on noun mastery in class I-SD students of the Jiayou Mandarin Course in Medan. Keywords: influence, use, flash card, mastery, noun, Jiayou mandarin course.
蕊希《只能陪你走一程》小说修辞手法分析 GAYA BAHASA DALAM NOVEL I WILL BE HERE WITH YOU KARYA RUI XI
Authors: Wijaya Yuliandre
Published: November 2022

This research’s purposes are to explain the types of figures of speech used and what are the functions of those used by the author in the novel I Will Be Here with You. This research utilizes the qualitative descriptive method. The data resource is the novel itself entitled I Will Be Here with You. The data collection technique is documentation. The results of the study found as many as 12 types of figures of speech used, namely 比喻 (bǐyù) makes abstract things seem concrete, visualizes things more generally, 比拟 (bǐnǐ) gives a clear impression, helps readers understand the conveyed feelings, 夸张 (kuāzhāng) evokes strong resonance strong and imagination, accentuates elements and characteristics in the novel, 婉曲 (wǎnqū) makes it easier to accept what is written, 对偶 (duì'ǒu) gives a strong sense of rhythm and focused meaning, helps readers draw conclusions effectively, 排比 (páibǐ) increases language momentum and expression effect, emphasizes meanings, 层递(céngdì) deepens understanding and impression, 顶真 (dǐngzhēn) gives fluent expression, fresh writing style or unique writing form, 对比 (duìbǐ) accentuates thoughts, 反复 (fǎnfù) emphasizes main thoughts, written in order , has a strong sense of rhythm, 设问 (shewèn) captures attention and guides the readers’ mind, 反问 (fǎnwèn) evokes feelings. Keywords: Novel, Figures of Speech
THE APPLYING OF KWL (KNOW - WANT TO KNOW - LEARNED) STRATEGY IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION AT IAIN TAKENGON
Authors: Astuti Widya
Published: November 2022

This research is aimed to describe the applying of K-W-L (Know-Want-Learned) strategy in teaching reading comprehension at IAIN Takengon. The subjects of the study were 30 students of HTN (hukum Tata Negara) class which were at second semester. By using qualitative design, the data were collected through observation, and giving questionnaire. Moreover the researcher administered pre-test and post-test to the students in the way measuring how the KWL strategy brings improvement in students reading comprehension. It was found that the mean score in cycle 1 was increasing, from 50,50 to 75,83 and in cycle II, the mean score was 85,67. Furthermore The result of observation and questionnaire given to students showed that students became more understand about the text read and more enthusiast and the class activity become more fun and enjoyable. Keywords: KWL Strategy,teaching English, reading comprehension.
Recommendations for Increasing the Efficiency of Promotion of Websites in Belarusian Region
Authors: Yelovaya E. M.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the scientific study was to develop practical tools to improve the efficiency of promoting websites of the regions of the Republic of Belarus using the methodology of comparative analysis with the socalled “reference” websites of the districts, i.e. with those districts whose websites are well indexed in search engines, and are also well accessible to all interested parties. The Postavy district was taken as the study area, and the Braslav district was taken as the “reference district”. As a result of applying the methodology, an algorithm for SEO optimization of the website of the Postavy district was developed based on a comparative analysis of the online promotion technology of the Braslav district. As a result, a list of recommendations was developed for SEO-optimization of a website representing Postavy district tourism in order to increase indexing and visibility for users on the Internet.
Solidarity Architecture: Socially-Minded Approaches Emerging in the Professional Practice in Architecture
Authors: BERK Mehmet Gökhan , AKBULUT Tolga
Published: November 2022

This article evaluates the various forms of emerging approaches in the professional conduct of the architectural practice and other forms of professional activities related to the design, planning, and space making in general, making explicit or inherent use of the notion of solidarity as an approach, method, and means of communication. A broad review of the evolution of the status of the professional attitude has been made with consideration of the changing social dynamics and social movements, throughout the recent history of modernization. The common characteristics observed with the adoption of the professional solidarity approach, are the dissolving of the duality and distinction between the professional and the community, the shift or enlargement of the target of the professional activity from the individual or people in need to a wider community, most of the time being the oppressed, less privileged, deprived and disadvantaged sections of the society. In line with this description, the concept of Solidarity Architecture can be evaluated to be an understanding in architecture attaching importance to the performance of the professional activities which are determinant in the formation of the built physical environment in a socially minded manner and together with the interacted social groups.
APPROCHER LA CREATION PAR LA VOIE DE L'EXPERIENCE
Authors: Barbier Jean-Marie , Vitali Marie-Laure , Dutoit Martine
Published: November 2022

Rendre compte par la voie de l'expérience des actes considérés par les sujets comme les plus significatifs de leur existence (créer, agir sur soi, entreprendre, établir une relation amoureuse...etc.) suppose de disposer d'outils d'analyse des configurations d'activités en jeu, mais aussi des constructions de sens/ donations de significations opérées autour d'elles dans les parcours des sujets et dans leurs interactions. C'est la voie qu'a exploré une recherche collective, entreprise en 2018 par la Chaire Unesco Cnam Formation et Pratiques Professionnelles, prolongée par la Chaire Unesco Formation Professionnelle, construction personnelle, transformations sociales de l’Institut Catholique de Paris. Elle avait pour objet les questions transverses aux expériences de création dans la vie sociale et professionnelle, de l'artistique/culturel à l'industriel/organisationnel. Dans le cadre d'une anthropologie partagée des activités, croisant construction des activités et des sujets, cette recherche a associé des partenaires scientifiques et professionnels, et avait pour but la construction d'outils d'analyse, utilisables par/pour la recherche, la formation, et l'optimisation des actions. Les expériences analysées ont été identifiées dans différents champs professionnels à partir de récits d’expérience recueillis dans le dispositif même de recherche ou dans des publications et produits dans différents contextes: ateliers d’échanges, entretiens biographiques, entretiens d’explicitation, témoignages, observations ou discussions sur le terrain, séminaires publics, groupe de lecture. Les verbatim transcrits renseignaient sur le vécu des expériences dans les moments même de création, évoqués dans cet article, et sur les expériences de créateurs en tant que parcours de vie, sur les communications de ces expériences en situation d’accompagnement/formation. La recherche établit le caractère conjoint des transformation opérées et en particulier définit la création comme une transformation conjointe du produit de l’activité, de l’activité elle-même et du sujet en activité.
Derechos fundamentales innominados a partir de la promulgación de la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991
Authors: Carvajal Andrea Lorena
Published: November 2022

A través del presente artículo se concreta el estudio de aquellos derechos que no se encuentran consagrados de manera expresa en la Constitución Política de 1991 y que, al ser inherentes a la persona humana, han adquirido la categoría de derechos fundamentales por acceso de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional con fundamento en el artículo 94 constitucional.
SMART SCREEN EXPOSURE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ADDICTIVE FOOD BEHAVIOR AND SLEEP DISORDERS IN CHILDREN. WHAT’S BEYOND THE SCENE?
Authors: Mekkawy Lamis H. , Abdel-Haleem Mahmoud M.
Published: November 2022

In today’s digital age, the increasing currency of smart screen exposure in our children’s lives is becoming a global public health concern. The reciprocal ability, and enjoyment value, with the increased demand for using smart screen devices have led to their rising merge into day-to-day activities. This study is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in 632 children, aiming to comprehensively investigate Egyptian children’s attitude towards smart screens and whether children who are more exposed to smart screens are prone to have a higher BMI percentile, addictive eating behavior, and disturbed sleep. The research results have shown that 69.6% of the children had a high exposure rate, 1.9% had a low exposure rate and 28.5% were in-between. Furthermore, 51% of the children demanded the products seen on smart screens every day, 32% had a demand a few times per week while 17% demanded those products once a week. In addition, 56% of the participants had obesity while 44% had normal BMI, out of which 35.9% had both obesity and addictive food behavior. Smart screen exposure is associated with disturbed sleep and short sleep duration. A statistically significant correlation was revealed between the periods in which children were most exposed to smart screens and disturbed sleeping habits in all participants in this study. To conclude, it is important to monitor children’s media exposure and identify the negative consequences of smart screens to support behavioral changes and alter communication styles, prompt strategies, and set goals toward a better healthy life.
Pengaruh Lama Perendaman Basis Gigi Tiruan Resin Asetal dalam Larutan Hidrogen Peroksida 3% sebagai Denture Cleanser terhadap Perlekatan Candida albicans
Authors: Imanuella Yoanne , Ismiyati Titik , Ruspita Intan
Published: November 2022

Abstract: Denture cleanser could control biofilm formation, however, it could also cause noticable changes to the surface denture base material, such as an increase in surface roughness and discoloration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of immersion time of acetal resin denture base in H2O2 3% as denture cleanser on the attachment of Candida albicans. Samples were made of acetal resin in the form of disc with a diameter of 5 mm and height of 2 mm as many as 24 pieces which were divided into four groups as follows: six discs without treatment, six discs were immersed in H2O2 3% for 3.5 hours, six discs were immersed for 14 hours, and six discs were immersed for 42 hours. The number of Candida albicans colonies was calculated in units of CFU/ml. The results  showed that there was an effect of H2O2 3% immersion time on the adhesion of Candida albicans in all immersion groups after being compared with the control group. The highest number of Candida albicans attachment was found on the group with 42 hours immersion time. In conclusion, the immersion time of acetal resin denture base in H2O2  3% for 3,5 hours had the lowest effect on the adhesion of Candida albicans compared to the duration of immersion for 14 and 42 hours.Keywords: acetal resin; denture cleanser; hydrogen peroxide 3%; Candida albicans Abstrak: Denture cleanser dapat mengontrol pembentukan biofilm, tetapi juga mengakibatkan perubahan yang terlihat pada permukaan basis gigi tiruan seperti peningkatan kekasaran permukaan dan perubahan warna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh lama perendaman basis gigi tiruan resin asetal dalam H2O2 3% sebagai denture cleanser terhadap perlekatan Candida albicans. Sampel dibuat dari cakram resin asetal dengan diameter 5 mm dan tinggi 2 mm sebanyak 24 buah yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok yaitu, 6 cakram tanpa perlakuan, 6 cakram direndam dalam H2O2 3% selama 3,5 jam, 6 cakram direndam selama 14 jam, dan 6 cakram direndam selama 42 jam. Jumlah Candida albicans dihitung dalam satuan CFU/ml unit. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh lama perendaman dalam H2O2 3%terhadap perlekatan Candida albicans pada semua kelompok setelah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Jumlah Candida albicans tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok dengan lama perendaman selama 42 jam. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah lama perendaman basis gigi tiruan resin asetal dalam H2O2 3% selama 3,5 jam memiliki pengaruh paling rendah terhadap perlekatan Candida albicans dibandingkan dengan lama perendaman 14 jam dan 42 jam.Kata kunci: resin asetal; denture cleanser; hidrogen peroksida 3%; Candida albicans
Total conversion between the longitudinal and transverse waves by an ultrathin elastic metamaterial plate with U-shaped slits
Authors: Guo Yifan , Liu Fengming , Du Qiujiao , Peng Pai
Published: November 2022

In this work, we propose an elastic metamaterial plate made by an aluminum block tailored with a row of periodic pair of U-shaped slits. Total conversion between longitudinal and transverse modes can be achieved by the metamaterial plate. The conversion is induced by an oblique dipolar resonance, not relying on the Fabry–Pérot resonance or the design of effective parameters. The plate’s thickness can be orders smaller than the working wavelength, showing good potential in practical applications.
Rancang Bangun Alat Peraga Up Lock Box Pada Nose Landing Gear Pesawat ATR 72 Untuk Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Septian Diaz , Arifin Mufti , Yuniarti Endah
Published: November 2022

Abstract - Airplane is a very important mode of transportation, one of which is ATR aircraft. In this study, the type of aircraft used was the ATR 72-600 aircraft. One of the safety factors that need to be considered on aircraft is the landing gear system. The landing gear system regulates the wheel system on the aircraft for landing and also taking off. Given the importance of ensuring that the plane's wheels are securely locked or not, an up lock box system is needed on the landing gear. In the Up Lock Box system, it is not directly visible from the outside so that the working mechanism is not widely known. This study aims to determine the workings of the up lock box nose teaching aid system on the landing gear and to make a trial up lock box nose teaching aid on the landing gear. The research method begins with a literature study, then looks for design references, namely from the ATA 32 training manual. After that, make a design using the image of the up lock box from the ATR 72 aircraft, assemble the demonstran tool, calibrate and test the demonstran tool. The conclusions in this study are, how the up lock box teaching aids work in accordance with the up lock box working concept in the training manual, the results of the design and manufacture of props accompanied by modifications, as well as the test results on up lock box props in accordance with the up lock work concept box. The size of the props that have been made has a length of 37.8 cm and a width of 16.2 cm.
Studi Analisis Rugi-rugi Baterai Tipe Alumunium Udara pada Beban Listrik Statis
Authors: Hasyir Ahmad Munadi  , Aripin  , Nurul Hiron
Published: November 2022

Rugi-rugi baterai tipe alumunium udara (Al-udara) pada beban listrik statis telah dianalisis. Sel baterai Al udara berbentuk segi empat dengan panjang 6 cm, lebar 5 cm, dan tebal 1 cm. Baterai menggunakan plat Al, KOH, tissue, dan silika xerogel berturut-turut sebagai anoda, elektrolit, separator dan bahan aktif katoda udara. Karakteristik baterai ditentukan dengan memvariasikan lamanya charging dan pengisian ulang larutan elektrolit ke dalam sel baterai. Sel baterai dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) dan Battery Testing System (BTS). Modul baterai dikonfigurasi dengan 12 sel baterai yang tersusun secara paralel/seri. Modul baterai diuji ke beban listrik statis menggunakan lampu Light Emitting Diode (LED) berdaya 75 mW. Rugi-rugi baterai Al-udara (impedansi karakteristik) sebelum dan setelah pengosongan pada lampu LED dibandingkan dan dianalisis. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa arus pengosongan optimum baterai adalah 0.8 mA dan kapasitas maksimum 0,59 mAh. Pada pengujian beban LED, pengulangan charging baterai menurunkan waktu uji dan suplai daya baterai terhadap beban. Waktu uji baterai dan daya suplai baterai terhadap beban LED berturut-turut menurun dari 185 menit menjadi 7 menit dan dari 18,69 mWatt menjadi 3,14 mWatt jika baterai melakukan pengulangan charging dari charging pertama sampai charging keempat, sehingga rugi-rugi daya sekitar 83,19% dari daya originalnya untuk sampai ke pengulangan charging keempat.
Analisis Konsumsi Energi Listrik Penebar Pakan Ikan Otomatis dengan Pemanfaatan Tenaga Surya
Authors: Muhammad Aris Risnandar  , Andri Ulus Rahayu  , Imam Taufiqurrahman
Published: November 2022

Pada budidaya ikan konvensional penebaran biasa dilakukan dalam jumlah yang banyak, sehingga terkadang tidak dapat langsung termakan oleh ikan. Saat pakan tersebut terendam dalam air dlaam jangka waktu yang cukup lama, beberapa kandungan nutrisi pada pakan hilang hingga 98%. Dengan adanya alat penebar pakan secara otomatis, kondisi tersebut sedikit demi sedikit dapat diatasi. Namun, terkadang alat penebar pakan ikan otomatis yang tersedia tersebut tidak memperhatikan konsumsi energi listrik yang dibutuhkan, sehingga cukup merepotkan petani ikan karena perlu memberi ongkos tambahan dalam mengoperasikan alat tersebut berupa tagihan listrik. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada penggunaan komponen utama penyusun pemberi pakan ikan otomatis yaitu motor dengan konsumsi energi yang relatif kecil sehingga diperoleh konsumi energi listrik yang relatif rendah. Pemilihan motor mempertimbangkan jarak lontaran, waktu pelontaran, dan volume pemberian pakan. Dengan menggunakan motor DC 775 12 V pada sisi pelontar dan motor DC gearbox 12V 150 rpm pada sisi penakar pakan, maka diperoleh konsumsi energi listrik yang relatif kecil hingga memerlukan energi sebesar 1 Wh untuk setiap kali pemberian pakan. Pemanfataan energi matahari dalam suplai daya pada alat tersebut dinilai efektif khususnya bagi para petani ikan yang jauh dari sumber listrik PLN.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Gerak Mekanik Menggunakan Motor Brushless Direct Current Dengan Driver BTS7960 Pada Renewable Energy Smart Trolley (RESOL)
Authors: Firman Oswaldo Sitompul  , Syamsyarief Baqaruzi  , Ali Muhtar
Published: November 2022

Troli merupakan alat transportasi untuk mengangkut barang dalam skala besar. Umumnya troli digunakan di tempat luas seperti bandara, gudang, industri pengiriman barang, dan lain sebagainya. RESOL adalah troli yang memiliki fitur tambahan seperti penggerak elektrik. Motor yang digunakan terdapat dua buah yang diletakkan dibagian depan. Terdapat tiga bagian susbsitem untuk membangun troli RESOL. Pada dokumen ini penulis memfokuskan pada bagian mekanik untuk dijadikan pembahasan. Susbsistem mekanik terdiri dari mikrokontroler, motor driver, potensiometer, motor dc, dan sensor arus. Dengan adanya motor dc sebagai bantuan penggerak troli, berfungsi untuk membantu pengguna membawa beban berat saat melewati tangga datar. Torsi yang besar membutuhkan arus yang besar. Motor driver yang digunakan memiliki spesifikasi arus input dan output yang besar agar motor dc dapat dioperasikan.
PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH ABU KAYU HALABAN SEBAGAI BAHAN TAMBAHAN SEBAGIAN SEMEN PADA CAMPURAN BETON
Authors: Jovan Perdhana  , Bambang Wedyantadji  , Vega Aditama
Published: November 2022

Halaban wood ash is the result of chemical changes from the process of burning Halaban wood with a fire of about ±1000ºC and it takes about 150 minutes to turn the wood lump cells into ash. Halaban wood ash contains silica which is a good aggregate binder and is quite high, so it has pozzolanic properties. This study aims to determine the effect of adding ash from burning halaban wood on the mechanical properties of concrete and also knowing the optimum percentage of halaban wood ash from 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% in terms of compressive strength of concrete, split tensile strength of concrete and flexural tensile strength. concrete. The method used in this study is the DOE (Design Of Experiment) method using a cylindrical specimen with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm for testing the compressive strength of concrete, beams with a size of 15 cm x 15 cm x 62 cm for testing the flexural strength. The test object was made with 4 variations of the composition of Halaban Wood Ash as a concrete testing material, namely 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% by weight of cement. Testing of the specimens was carried out at the age of 28 days. The number of test objects as many as 64 pieces. Based on the research conducted, it is known that there is no effect in increasing the strength of concrete with the addition of halaban wood ash on the mechanical properties of concrete. This is indicated by the decrease in the results of testing the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural tensile strength of normal concrete with a mixture of halaban wood ash. And the absence of the optimum percentage of Halaban wood ash from 5%, 10%, 15% in terms of the compressive strength of concrete, split tensile strength of concrete and flexural tensile strength of concrete.
EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY WITH SEAWEEDS EXTRACT ON GROWTH , YIELD AND SEED VIGOUR OF BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS
Authors: H. Saudi A.
Published: November 2022

Two factorial experiments were conducted .The first one was field experimental which was carried out at the one of  agricultural farms in Thi-Qar governorate – Nassiriyah district during the winter seasons of 2014 - 2015 and 2015 - 2016  .The second was carried out in the laboratories of Agriculture and Marshes Colle. , Univ. of Thi-Qar  . The aim was to investigate the effect of foliar application of seaweed extract on growth , yield and seeds vigour of four bread wheat cultivars . The design of field experiment was (RCBD) in factorial experiments with three replications in two factors .The first factor included four wheat cultivars ( Bohooth -22, Al-tahadi , IPA – 99 and Al-Rasheed ) . The second factor included foliar application by two seaweed extract concentrations (2 and 4) ml L-1 in addition to control treatment (without seeweed extract) . The design of Lab. experiment was (RCD) in factorial experiments with four replications in two factors. The results of field experiment showed that IPA – 99 cultivar gave highest averages of flag leaf area (42.17 and 44.81) cm2 , tillers number (435.42 and 443.61) tillers m-2, spikes number (387.05 and 392.33) spike m-2 , 1000 grain weight (38.75 and 40.56) gm and grain yield (4.67 and 4.75) tan ha-1 in both season, respectively . Wheat plants that sprayed with seaweed extract concentration 4 ml.L-1 gave highest averages of flag leaf area (40.25 and 43.34) cm2 , spikes number (384.07 and 387.91) spike m-2 , 1000 grain weight (38.32 and 39.78) gm and grain yield (4.50 and 4.64) tan ha-1 in both season, respectively. The plants of IPA – 99 cultivar which sprayed  with seaweed extract concentration 4 ml L-1 gave highest averages of flag leaf area (44.25 and 47.12) cm2 , spikes number (393.32 and 398.95) spike m-2 , 1000 grain weight (40.11 and 42.98) gm and grain yield (4.91 and 4.97) tan ha-1 in both season, respectively. The results of  Lab. experiment showed that the seeds produced from IPA – 99 cultivar gave highest germination speed index (28.85 and 30.60) ,  standard germination percentage (92.56 and 93.19)% and lower mean of germination time mean ( 5.26 and 4.99 ) day in both season, respectively. The seeds produced from wheat plants that sprayed with seaweed extract concentration 4 ml L-1 gave highest averages of germination speed index (30.04 and 31.66) ,  standard germination percentage (93.18 and 93.53)% and lower mean of germination time mean ( 5.15 and 4.87 ) day in both season, respectively . It can be conclude the superiority of the plants of IPA – 99 cultivar which sprayed with seaweed extract concentration 4 ml L-1 .
WHEAT VARIETIES PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS UTILIZING AQUACROP MODEL IN SEMIARID CONDITION OF DUHOK –IRAQI KURDISTAN
Authors: & et al. Dilsher
Published: November 2022

This experiment was conducted at the research farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Iraq Kurdistan Region season of 2015-2016. Irrigation treatments include (Rainfed, 50% and 100% of field capacity). with three broad wheat varieties (IPA-95, Abu-Graib and Sham-4) cultivated by application the (AquaCrop) model. Wheat varieties of IPA-95 and Abu-Graib-3 consistently resulted in higher yields than Sham-4 variety, the highest grain yield of 3.872 t. ha-1 was recorded by IPA-95 variety. Highest grain yield of 3.78 t.ha-1 was obtained from Total Field Capacity. The biomass varied from 12.162, 12.214 and 13.056, 11.591 and 11.211 to 11.866 t.ha-1 for measured and simulated values. Also the results indicated that the highest crop water productivity of grain yield was obtained by Abu-Graib-3 in both measured and simulated water productivity kg.m-3 which were (5.404 and5.767 kg.m3).
BIOLOGICAL PRE -TREATMENT USE LOCAL WILD STRAIN OF LIGNOLYTIC FILAMENTOUS BACTERIA TO IMPROVE IN VITRO DRY MATTER DIGESTABILITY AND REDUCTION LIGNIN CONTENT OF LOW QUALITY ROUGHAGES .
Authors: & Al-Khateeb Hassan
Published: November 2022

This study being performed at the central laboratory for graduate students Animal Resources Department / College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad/Aljadrea and in laboratory of applied microbiology Department, Food and Biotechnology Center /Directorate of Agriculture Research / Baghdad, Iraq. Wild strain of local ligninolytic bacteria of genus Streptomyces MS  isolated from Iraq camel degrade feces was used to pre- treated of low quality roughages in in vitro fermentation. Roughages wheat straw (WS), corncobs (Cc), alfalfa hay (AH) was pre- treated with wild strain of genus Streptomyces MS. The results showed higher significant improvement (p<0.01) for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD %),in vitro Organic matter digestibility (IVOMD %) for most of roughages (WS Cc, AH). Moreover, greatest (p<0.01) improvement in(IVDMD,IVOMD %) was observed with pre-treated AH using Streptomyces MS prior of use for 21 days from 45 untreated to 67.07,67.08% treated, the smallest improving was observed (P<0.05) with WS from 20.78 to 30.22%. This result indicated that ability of Streptomyces MS to improve (IVDMD %) was significantly (P<0.05) affected by the roughages sources. Treated roughages with Streptomyces MS showed signiﬁcant reduction in lignin content (p<0.01).However, the highest (p<0.01) reduction in lignin content was shown in Cc pre-treated with Streptomyces MS(from 9.8 to 6.87%), while lowest (P<0.05)reduction in lignin content was shown in AH (from8.26 to 7.64%), These results support the possibility application of this wild strain of bacteria to improve low quality roughages in ruminants feed.
RESPONCE OF CORN GRAIN TRAITS TO HARVESTING MOISTURE
Authors: &  Baktash Al-kazaali
Published: November 2022

This research was conducted during spring and fall seasons, 2015, at the fields of Field Crop Department– College of Agriculture– University of Baghdad. The objective was to evaluate response of corn synthetic variety 5018 traits in next generation  to harvesting moisture in the first generation. In spring season 2015, seeds of the synthetic variety 5018 were planted. When moisture of the ear grains was reached the first treatment (37-42%), ten ears were harvested. Ears harvesting dates were performed manually when the grains had 37-42%, 34-36%, 30-33%, 25- 28% and 19-22% moisture content. In fall season 2015, varietal trail was carried out to the five treatment materials, using Randomized Complete Bock Design, with four replicates. The results showed, significant differences among treatments for all the studied traits, except grain filling duration. The highest grain growth rate (7.23 mg.grain.day-1) and grain yield (159.46 g.plant-1), were produced from plants grown it's seeds harvested with (19-22)%, which didn't differ significantly from the plants grown it's seeds  harvested with moisture (25-28)%. It can be conclude that the perfect corn grain moisture for harvesting (19-22)% for the nex generation seeds .
SCREENING DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES (Triticum aestivum L.) USING DROUGHT INDICES AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Authors: & Kadhem Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Drought is a wide-spread problem seriously influencing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production , but development of tolerant  genotypes  is hampered by the lack of effective selection criteria. The objective of research study was to evaluate the efficiency of several selection indices to identify drought tolerant genotypes under drought  stress  conditions.  Twenty seven bread wheat genotypes differing in yield performance were grown under drought  stress, and normal irrigation  during  2014-2015 growing season, were evaluated in split plot design with three replications Significant and high positive correlation was found between grain yield in the stress condition (Ys) and (Yp) with indices STI, GMP, YI, and Significant negative correlation was found between Ys with  SSI, SI, SSPI, TOL indices. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the Spearman’s correlation matrix, indicated that first PCA (80.6%) and second PCA (18.1%) accounted for 98.7% of variations among the indices. The results of PCA revealed that the screening methods were significantly inter-correlated with each other indicating that several of the statistics probably measure similar aspects of drought tolerance. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into four groups according to drought tolerance. The results showed that MP, GMP and STI were more effective in identifying high yielding genotypes in both drought-stressed and irrigated conditions,   identifying G1 and G10 as more tolerant and G25 and G26 as more sensitive genotype to drought stress.
EFFECT OF GARLIC AND LICORICE ROOT EXTRACT ON LEAVES MINERAL AND HORMONAL CONTENT OF PEAR TRANSPLANTS
Authors: & Al-Rawi Shakir
Published: November 2022

This research was conducted during the growing season 2015 - 2016 to investigate the response of 2 year's old transplants of “Othmani” pear cultivar budded on Calleryana root stock to foliar application with licorice root extract at four levels 0 (Li0), 2.5 g.L-1 (Li2.5), 5 g.L-1  (Li5) and 10 g.L-1 (Li10) and garlic extract at four levels, 0 (GA0), 5ml.L-1 (GA5), 10ml.L-1 (GA10) and 20ml.L-1 (GA20) and their interaction in leaves mineral and hormonal content . Each treatment was replicated three times using a factorial experiment using RCBD. The number of trees used was 96 trees. The results showed that the interaction between spraying garlic extract at 20 ml .L-1 combined with licorice root extract at 10 g .L-1 (GA20Li10) gave a high value of leaves nitrogen content at1.35 and 1.83%, potassium content at 2.410 and 2.592%, iron content at 210.3 and 234.5 mg. Kg -1and highest leaves zinc content at18.00 and 20.22 mg. Kg -1 for both seasons, respectively. As well as for hormones, GA20Li10 treatment was given the highest leaves content of IAA at 41.73 and 46.52 μg·g-1and the highest leaves GA3 content with 229.8 and 259.4 μg·g-1 for both seasons respectively. The lowest value of these parameters was found in the control (GA0Li0) treatment.
THE BIOLOGICAL STUDY ON Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) IN ERBIL –KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ
Authors: & et al. Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Observations on the biology of Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus)were made under  room temperature conditions (26 ± 2°C; 35 ± 10% Relative Humidity) feeding stages were fed on wheat leaves and shelled Sunflower seeds. Light and dark morphs were observed for second, third, fourth and fifth instars; short fine hairs on dorsal head, thorax and abdominal of fourth and fifth instars observed; fifth instars have black and white banded antennae. The mean periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition were 7.8, 33 and 2.5 days, respectively; the averages of female and male longevity were 43.3 and 36 day respectively, and mean fecundity was 102.4 eggs per female. The barrel eggs usually deposited in masses, the mean number of egg masses and the eggs per masses were 7.2 and 14.4, respectively, the mean incubation period was 7.5days, and egg hatching percentage reached to 68.410%. An average duration of the immature stages (egg to 5th instar) was 42.5 days, and the highest mortality observed in fifth instar (40.1%).
AN ECONOMIC STUDY FOR IRAQ'S RICE IMPORTS FOR THE PERIOD (1990-2015) and PREDICTION FOR THE PERIED (2016 – 2023)
Authors: &  Al – Badri AL - Karawi
Published: November 2022

This research aims at predicting the imported quantities of rice in Iraq for the period 2016-2023 through the use of the self-regression model (VAR). The values ​​of explanatory variables (local production, population, national income, local price index, of rice consumption), where the predicted values ​​for each of these variables are estimated separately using the moving average method based on the data of the last 10 years. The research concluded that there is no difference between the actual values ​​and the predicted values ​​in the short term. This is the problem that emerged from the research which is the mismatch between these values. Therefore, the research recommended that the short term forecasts be adopted in the formulation of import policies, especially after the validity of the model To predict after testing the predictive power of the model.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF WHEAT GERM EXRACT ON THE PRODUCTION OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES FROM THE BIO-ENHANCERS
Authors: &  Apd- Aljabar Al- Mousawi
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate effect of wheat germ extraction on the   fermented milk products, which prepared using single and two types of mixed cultures of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, ready premixed and 1: 1 mixture with inoculation of 5% in reconstituted skimmed milk 12% TS Which reinforced with different concentrations of wheat germ extracts 0, 5, 10 and 15% for treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4)  respectively. The results showed that the height of the viscosity of all the products increased by the percentage of added wheat germ extract. The best treatment (10%) of T3, which was 52, 65, 57 and 64 mpa for each of the types of bacterial starter culture in the above respectively, compared to the reduction in the ratio of T4 (15%) was 51 and 63, 55 and 60 mpa. Furthermore The treatment of 10% (T3) showed the best production of exopolysaccharides (4.518, 4.869, 4.524, 4.668 mg / ml) and reduction with T4 (15%) to 3.870, 4.784, 4.275 and 4.049 mg .   for each of the above probiotics cultures used in processing of fermented dairy products, The results showed that Lb. Plantarum is the most efficient in the production of exopolysaccharides, compared to other starter cultures bacteria and its role in increasing the viscosity and improve the strength of the probiotics fermented milk product treatment is a good qualities according to the Iraqi standard (milk fermented therapeutic).
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF ERYTHROID LINEAGE IN THE BONE MARROW OF LOCAL ADULT GOAT (Caprus Hircus)
Authors: D. Hamdi Y.
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the normal maturation process of erythriod lineage in bone marrow of adult Iraqi goat. Five healthy adult male goats aged 26-34 months were chosen for this study. A simple technique used for obtaining marrow from goats, employs sedation  xylazine hydrochloride 0.1 mg/kg body weight. Skin incision was made over the iliac crest. Marrow was aspirated with a syringe and smears were made directly.  Erythropoiesis in the bone marrow of an adult goat included a successive morphological alteration resulting in production of erythrocytes. The lineage of erythroid of bone marrow of adult goat comprises; Rubriblast , Prorubricytes, Rubricytes, Metarubricytes, and Reticulocyte. The final cellular lineage of the erythropoiesis bone marrow of the goat was the formation of non-nucleated erythrocytes.
IMPACT OF MOISTURE DEPLETION PERCENTAGES ON SOME GROWTH CHARACTERS AND YIELD FOR SELECTED GENOTYPES OF BREAD WHEAT
Authors: &  Baktash Dhahi
Published: November 2022

A field experiments were carried out at the Abu- Graib Research Station - Office of Agricultural Research  Ministry of Agriculture, to investigate moisture depletion  effect for some traits of selected genotypes during 2014-2015, which depended to the long term of breeding program (2008-2014). The 9th selected genotypes and the control variety IPA 99 were evaluated during season 2015-2016  using split plot arrangement within RCBD and three replications. The main plots included four levels of water stress (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%), depletion of available water while, genotypes occupied sub plots.The results revealed significant differences among depletion %, genotypes and their interaction in all studied characters. Moisture depletion 20%  of available water indicated the superiority of number days to 50% flowering (110.3 days), plant height (98..29 cm), flag leaf area (34.8 cm2), flag leaf angle  (67.700), number days to 100% physiological maturity (146.53 days), spike length (11.53 cm), number of spikelets spike-1 (18.07),  grain yield (5.06 t ha-1) and highest water use efficiency (1.63  kg m-3). The lowest value of the characters  were found by depletion 80% of available water. The genotype 179 to took highest number of days to 50% flowering (114 days), IPA99 had highest flag leaf area (33.21 cm2) and highest period of 100% physiological maturity (145.75 days), genotype 27 had highest plant height (102.11 cm) and 186 produced highest spike length (11.75 cm), highest number of spikelests spike-1 (19.58), highest yield  (5.64 t ha-1). Significant differences were found in interactions between genotypes and water stress in most characters studied, this shows of genotypes tolerance differences to water stress. So we can select one or more  genotype , which tolerance to 20% moisture depletion.
FORMULATION OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AS A BIOPESTICIDE AGAINST SOIL BORNE ROOT PATHOGENS
Authors: &  et al. Al-Waily
Published: November 2022

Pseudomonas fluorescens is one of the most beneficial rhizosphere bacteria mostly used to control broad range of soil borne plant pathogens. The local isolate of P.fluorescens (PFDS) was formulated using calcium carbonate (CaCo3), starch, grind rice and grind hornwort (Ceratophylum demersum L.)  as carriers to examine the best carrier for application of bacteria to control the  plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. The results revealed a significant superiority of starch and CaCo3 (35.3, 32.3 Î107 CFU ml-1) respectively compare to the other carriers with no significant differences among them, with nearly similar pattern of viability along six months of storage at room temperature (8.66, 8, 6.66, 4.33, 4.33 and 2 Î109 CFU ml-1) and (4.66, 4.66, 5, 4.33, 3.66 and 2.33 Î109 CFU ml-1) respectively. The monthly test showed that CaCo3- P.fluorescens formulation was represented high inhibition in vitro to the radial growth of F.solani (81.48, 79.26, 80.66, 80.31, 79.2 and 55.55 %) respectively and R.solani (74.07, 73.33, 72.22, 70.37, 66.66, and 44.44%) respectively along six months of storage with significant differences among treatments of each group. CaCo3 formulation at a concentration of 5 gm l-1 reduced in vitro eggs hatching to 5% and 44% death of the 2nd stage juvenile of M.javanica.
EFFECT OF DEPLETION PERCENTAGE ON YIELD , YIELD COMPONENTS AND WATER USE EFICIENCY FOR SELECTED GENOTYPES OF BREAD WHEAT
Authors: &  Dhahi Baktash
Published: November 2022

A field experiments were carried out at the Abu- Graib Research Station - Office of Agricultural Research  Ministry of Agriculture , to investigate effect of moisture deletion for some traits of selected wheat genotypes , during 2014-2015, which depend to the long term of breeding program (2008-2014) . The 9th selected genotypes and the control variety IPA 99 were evaluated using split plot arrangement within RCBD and three replications. The main plots included four moisture depletion (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) of available water while, genotypes occupied sub plots .The results revealed significant differences among depletion, genotypes and their interaction of all studied traits. Moisture depletion 20% , showed the superiority of  number of spikes m-2 (385.7), number of grains  spike-1 (57.23 grain), weight of 1000 grains (40.85 gm), higher grain yield (5.06 t ha-1), higher biological yield (16.51 t ha-1),  and highest  water use efficiency for grain yield (1.63 kg m-3). Significant differences were found among genotypes and interactions between genotypes and water stress in most studied characters , this shows of genotypes performance differences to water stress. So we can select one or more genotype  which tolerance to water stress.
CALCULATION OF THE SHEDDING RATE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS FROM THE NATURAL INFECTED SHEEP
Authors: Kawan M. H. , Kawan M. H.
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study to calculate means of oocysts in feces natural infected sheep. A total of 150 sheep fecal samples collected from different regions of Baghdad province(AL-Sholla , AL-Horia, AL-Taji, and Abo-Grab)-Iraq, during the period from the beginning of January to the end ofMay 2016. Three laboratory methods(modified acid fast stain, sheather᾿s sugar solutionand calculation of oocysts in feces of infected animals by haemocytometer) were used for diagnosis of Cryptosporidial oocysts and study the shedding rate of oocysts from infected male and female(pregnant and non pregnant)animals. The total infection rate was 44.66%(67/150), and the highest infection rate was detected in March, while the lowest infection rate was recorded in January 63%(19/30), 20%(6/30) respectively. Theresults were revealed significance difference between male and female infection rate, 31.74%(20/63), 54.02%(47/87) respectively. The average number of shed oocysts per gram of feces from infected non pregnant ewes was 1440 oocysts per gram while in infected pregnant ewes was 2082 oocysts per gram. The shedding rate of oocysts in pregnant ewes show the highest rate in the end period of pregnancy, while the lowest rate of shedding in the beginning period of pregnancy.