bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIALOGUE AND ITS MANIFESTATIONS IN INSTRUMENTAL CONCERTS OF J. HAYDN
Authors:   Magnitogorsk State Conservatory (Academy) named after M. I. Glinka, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Akshentseva V. M.
Published: October 2021

In the article, dialogue peculiarities are considered as one of the typical qualities of a classical concert, closely connected with the principles of virtuosity, concertizing and playing. On the example of instrumental concerts of J. Haydn, compositional and dramaturgical functions of the dialogue between orchestra and soloist are studied. They are illuminated through a system of attitudes based on the principles of consent and counteraction. Conflicting relationships between communication participants contribute to the demonstration of several points of view. Thus one can reveal various kinds and signs of dialogues forming the concept of the world of J. Haydn's compositions, which is developed in the process of stylistic exchange — Baroque and Classicism. Signs of typical oppositions in the text models of ancient genres — concerto grosso, trio-sonatas and "wandering" plots with the participation of dialogue structures are observed and described in the composer's instrumental concerts. Different functional relations between the structural-semantic text units, presented as cliched "formulas" of various etymology, through the prism of horizontal (tutti — solo) and vertical (continuo — solo) models, formed in Baroque ensemble music, are considered. Dialogue interactions, successive Baroque, vividly highlight the specificity of the general — classicist and individual — composer's view of the world.
A. B. GOLDENWEISER'S CREATIVE PRINCIPLES
Authors:   Saratov State Conservatory named after L. V. Sobinov, Saratov, Russian Federation, Platonova A. A.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses some of the creative principles of the largest Russian musician of the XXth century Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser. These principles are relevant to the teaching and performing activities of the outstanding pianist, one of the founders of the Russian piano school. A subtle and intelligent performer, editor, composer, music critic and public figure, Alexander Borisovich formed a bright school of pianists, whose branches continue to develop successfully today in the activities of his followers and students. His versatile interests and broad erudition were manifested in the peculiarities of working with students, and his creative credo was reflected in the pedagogical principles: the responsibility of the performer, the culture of sound, hard work, subordination of the technical side to the artistic one, the same tasks for both adult students and novice musicians. Creative principles of A. B. Goldenweiser, studied in this article, are not complete or generalizing postulates, but they shed light on the ways and nature of the outstanding musician's work. They were formulated by the author on the basis of students' memories, statements and thoughts of Alexander Borisovich himself and may be of great interest to a wide range of readers fascinated by the history of Russian piano pedagogy.
THE SOUND OF THE "GOLDEN AGE": PROBLEMS IN PERFORMING ENGLISH VIRGINAL ART
Authors:   Institute of Contemporary Art, Mosсow, Russian Federation, Krasnogorova O. A.
Published: October 2021

The main objective of the article is to investigate the problems of performing compositions by English composers of the XVIth – XVIIth centuries and the history of their sound incarnation. The author analyzes the appeal to the musical art of the "Golden Age" by A. G. Rubinstein, who included in the piano "Historical Concerts" and lectures works by W. Byrd, O. Gibbons, H. Purcell. Considering the specifics of the clavier texture, different types of variations and their influence on the development of instrumental techniques are distinguished. Based on the comparison of the pavane, the article draws conclusions about the stylistic features of various composers. As one of the key problems in creating an interpretation, the author notes the solution to the question of choosing a musical instrument (both between harpsichord and piano and between historical instruments), which has a decisive influence on sound quality. The article examines the experience of A. B. Lyubimov in performing works by English virginalists. Interpreted by G. Gould, the pianist emphasizes the new contemporary hearing of compositions by W. Byrd and O. Gibbons, performed in the same program with the works of A. Schoenberg, A. Webern, A. Berg, which reveals the dialogue of eras.
"SYMPHONIC ETUDES" BY R. SCHUMANN: HISTORY OF CREATION AND THE PROBLEM OF INTERPRETING "POSTHUMOUS VARIATIONS"
Authors:   Russian State University named after A. N. Kosygin (Technology. Design. Art), Trifonova А. A. ,   State Classical Academy named after Maimonides, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The article describes the history of the main editions of the "Symphonic Etudes" by Robert Schumann. The main stages of the cycle concept formation and its leading dramatic principles are highlighted in the historical context. The chronological "path" of five posthumously published manuscript variations is analyzed separately: having received several variants of their arrangement within the cycle, they were eventually excluded by the author from the latest editions. On the examples of the famous performances by Alfred Cortot, Vladimir Sofronitsky, Sviatoslav Richter and Maria Grinberg, various possibilities for a more complete interpretation of the "Symphonic Etudes" are presented, expanding them with the artistically valuable material of the five "posthumous variations". The article will be useful both for pianists and performers of Schumann's music, as well as for students and musicologists whose scientific interest lies in the piano music of the German composer.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL YOUTH FORUM
Authors:   Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dolinskaya E. B. ,   Russian State Specialized Academy of Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the results of two international conferences of young musicologists held at the RGSAI online. The first conference "Creativity and Performance: Young Scientists' View of the Art World" was attended by students and postgraduates of higher educational institutions of Russia and Hungary. Within this conference special attention was paid to the period of Russian music of the turn of the XIXth – XXth centuries, namely to the works of S. Rachmaninoff, N. Medtner, R. Gliere and S. Taneyev. Postgraduate students from China took part in the conference "Russian- Chinese Dialogue in Musical Art". As a result of cultural exchange between Russia and China, Chinese students get an opportunity to study at conservatories, academies and institutes in various cities of the Russian Federation. Like other universities in the capital, the Academy trains representatives of various specialties, including performers, as well as musicologists, who improve their qualifications in the field of musical science. During the second conference, presentations were made on the history of Chinese and Russian theater. A series of reports combined works dedicated to prominent figures of Chinese culture who have gained wide international fame.
TANG JIANPING'S OPERA "THE DAWNS HERE ARE QUIET": HISTORY OF CREATION AND SPECIFICS OF MUSICAL DRAMATURGY
Authors:   Russian State Specialized Academy of Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kaidi Wang
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the Opera "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" by the Chinese composer Tang Jianping based on the same-named novel by Boris Vasilyev. The theme of the Great Patriotic War, which for the first time became the plot of the Chinese Opera, was in tune with the theme of the Chinese Resistance to the Japanese Invasion. The composition synthesizes the characteristics of the European opera type in its Russified version, which was reflected in the heroic and epic dramaturgy and multi-part musical text. Russian folklore allusions, quasi- quotes from Russian operas, military-patriotic and Soviet mass songs reflect the author's method. The integrity of musical dramaturgy was given by the leitmotif, which became the main marker of Russian identity in the Opera. The Opera lacks a naturalistic embodiment of the War, and depicts the enemy in a conventional, symbolic way, in the form of unnamed but recognizable figures. The creators of the play sought to reveal the barbaric essence of the War, its anti-human character, to present the psychological state of the heroes and the manifestation of their human nature. The theme of the death of young girls gave a special perspective to the Opera, which is particularly acute in China due to gender disparity. The concept of the composer, director and screenwriter reflects the ideological constants of traditional Chinese culture, which gave the Opera an internal subtext.
WEDDING MUSIC AND POETRY FOLKLORE OF THE RUSSIAN POPULATION OF THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Ursegova N. A.
Published: October 2021

The traditional wedding song of the Russian population living on the territory of mining villages in the Beloretsk district of the Republic of Bashkortostan still remains little studied area of knowledge from the ethnomusicological point of view, and for the first time becomes an object of special research. Analytical base of the article are the expeditionary records made by students and teachers of philological faculty of the Magnitogorsk State University in 1995–1999 under the guidance of the candidate of philological sciences T. I. Rozhkova. The author of the article carried out the editing of song samples. The complex approach used in the article in the analysis of ritual texts, taking into account the results of philological, ethnographic and musicological classifications, allows to systematize the repertoire of the Beloretsk wedding, to distinguish two musical and stylistic groups — song-and-lament and song-and-dance groups. Each musical and stylistic group combines a part of the wedding repertoire, which is characterized by a certain set of typical features reflecting the specifics of the form, genre, and content of songs in their direct relationship with the condition and place of performance in the rite. The analysis of musical and stylistic originality of Russian wedding songs and lamentations is conducted at the level of verbal, syllabic, and pitch parameters of chants organization. The found regularities allow to draw a conclusion about the musical and stylistic unity of local ritual and non-ritual folklore genres, providing not only the preservation of the corpus of wedding songs and wedding rites, but also the vitality of the local singing tradition as a whole.
THE ROLE OF FINGERING IN TEACHING VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS IN THE DOMRA CLASS
Authors:   Russian State Specialized Academy of Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Varlamova T. P.
Published: October 2021

The cognitive activity of executor begins with motor sensations and musical-auditory perceptions, transformed into ideas. One of the means to replace the lack of visual information of musicians with the partial or total loss of sight is the development along with hearing of tactile sensitivity, motor activity of fingers and hands. The capacity to build and to convert acquired practices depends on the development of coordination ability of the executor. The article examines the application of the intelligent, expedient, rational fingering, which includes narrow technical, timbre, articulation and dynamic functions. The basis of the fingering of plucked string instruments is the division of the neck into positions and the use of different types of placement of the left hand fingers. Detailed acquaintance of the domrist with the form of movements and their sensual orientations gives the opportunity of planning and effective control, accelerates mastery and formation of corresponding skills. The objective condition for the successful teaching of visually impaired students is the choice of convenient fingering, depending on the order of the positions study, versions of their change, as well as the possibility of using a narrowed and extended finger arrangement.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN MUSIC AND RHYTHMIC EDUCATION
Authors:   Magnitogorsk State Conservatory (Academy) named after M. I. Glinka, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, Yefremova N. I.
Published: October 2021

Although the development of rhythmic and intonation models of the main genres has not been widely spread in music pedagogy, it is very relevant for the music and rhythmic education for beginners. From this point of view, the article substantiates the expediency of continuous work on selecting rhythmic intonations as semantically significant structural units of the musical process for rhythmic lessons, providing targeted music and rhythmic education. The article discusses from different angles the defining value of a thoughtful attitude to the meaning of sounding intonations, which is especially important for adequate orientation in the semantics of musical genres and subsequent motor embodiment. The article reveals the need to significantly expand the content of the “Rhythmic” discipline through the plastic modeling of speech intonations, especially poetic (rhythmically organized) speech, vocal music, as well as various genres of instrumental music.
ELEMENTARY MUSIC IN THE SOVIET UNION: PREREQUISITES FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE TRAINING AND EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors:   Chelyabinsk State Institute of Culture and Arts, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Kochekov V. F.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the work is to study historical aspects of the development in the USSR of Elementary Music Education, created by a German teacher, musician and composer Carl Orff. The article substantiates the value of this pedagogical system and the prospects for its use in the training and educational process. The initial stage of the introduction of Elementary Music Method in the Soviet Union and the organization of the Carl Orff Pedagogical Society are considered. As a result of applying theoretical scientific research methods, the main factors that influence the process of introducing a new direction in music education are established. The significance of the unified system of music and movement education created by Carl Orff is defined. The system developed by Russian and Soviet enlightener, music theorist, teacher, performer and public figure Boleslav Leopoldovich Yavorsky correlates with German teacher's system. The author analyzes the reasons for which the system developed by B. L. Yavorsky is not widespread in our country. The significance of the activities of the musicologist, historian and publicist Oksana Timofeevna Leontyeva, an active promoter of the Elementary Music System and the first researcher of Orff-composer and Orff-children's music teacher, is determined. The article stresses the first contacts between Soviet musicians and their German colleagues during the visit to the Carl Orff Institute in Salzburg. Emphasis is placed on the importance of publishing literature describing the content, methods and principles of Elementary Music for Soviet teachers interested in new areas of music education and upbringing. Educational institutions are indicated, in which attempts are made to use C. Orff's methods in classrooms. The author reveals the optimization of processes of introducing domestic musicians to the methods of music and movement education, caused by the arrival in the USSR of foreign experts in the field of musical pedagogics. The role of Lev Vyacheslavovich Vinogradov, one of the first followers of new directions in music education, is priceless, as is the importance of his pedagogical activity and his contribution to the popularization and implementation of the method combining music and movement education.
SOCIAL AND MUSICAL COMMUNICATION: STAGES OF FORMATION IN RUSSIA
Authors:   Russian State Specialized Academy of Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yakoupov A. N.
Published: October 2021

The article analyzes the process of social and musical communication formation in Russia from the historical perspective. In practical and theoretical aspects the first attempts to manage social and musical life of the country are considered. Since 30s–40s of the XIXth century, concert societies of a communicative orientation are created in Russia. The first years of the second half of the XIXth century, associated with the development of democratic principles, are marked by a surge in the attention of professional musicians to social and communication processes in music and art in general. The emergence of new trends in the concert life of Russian cities stimulated the renewal of forms of social and musical communication, which required the training of specialists in the field of music education and enlightenment. The opening of conservatories in Saint Petersburg and Moscow created the necessary prerequisites for the formation of a unified musical communication system in society. At the beginning of the XXth century Russian National Conservatories played their role in the overall process as one of the effective models of the educational movement and as an example of practical implementation of the tasks of purposeful socio-cultural design in the sphere of functioning of musical art of high spiritual tradition. In parallel with the empirical search for effective ways and methods of managing the musical life of society, the creation of its theoretical basis was intensively pursued. At the late 60s – early 70s musicology was enriched by the first fundamental works on this subject.
PRINCIPLE OF CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN WAYFINDING OBJECTS
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture, Design and Arts named after A. D. Kryachkov, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Vorozheykina V. А.
Published: October 2021

Questions concerning the study of the phenomenon of urban wayfinding are particularly relevant nowadays, since there is a number of problems related to orientation in the city. As bearers of light and colour, urban wayfinding objects help pedestrians and drivers to quickly navigate in a complex city environment. Urban wayfinding refers to special constructions that are installed in certain places and contain visual information in the form of text and signs. There are complex wayfinding systems consisting of several types of structures, as well as individual navigation elements with different visual designs. In addition to special guiding structures, many objects in the city space affect the path finding: architectural structures, monuments, street furniture, advertising objects (large banner structures), etc. At night, objects with a good level of illumination serve as a means of orientation. The article analyzes the objects of the city environment in terms of their navigational potential and provides a classification of urban wayfinding objects by their degree of dynamism.
AFTER READING "HAMLET": THREE VIEWS ON A MASTERPIECE BY W. SHAKESPEARE
Authors:   Russian State Specialized Academy of Arts, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zachinyaeva M. P.
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to modern interpretations of W. Shakespeare's famous play in Russian music at the turn of the XXth — XXIst centuries on the example of R. Shchedrin's "Hamlet Ballad" — an instrumental work for the cello ensemble (2004), operas of the same name by S. Slonimsky (1991) and V. Kobekin (2006). Little-known pages from the history of creation and stage fate of "Hamlet Ballad" by R. Shchedrin are opened. The main emphasis in the publication is placed on the work of Vladimir Kobekin as the most radically read domestic version of the classic tragedy of the English playwright. The author defines the historical preconditions and reasons explaining the genre transformation of the opera into a comedy. Moreover, the author considers the distinctive features of Arkady Zastyrets's play, on which V. Kobekin relies in his libretto, from the "classical" Russian translation by Boris Pasternak, which is the basis of the opera by S. Slonimsky. The facts of the creative biography of contemporary Russian playwright and translator Arkady Zastyrets (1959–2019) are more fully revealed. The article also touches upon the musical dramaturgy of V. Kobekin's opera "Hamlet".
INSIDE THE DANTE WORLDS: SYMBOLIC SPACE OF BORIS TISHCHENKO’S "DANTE-SYMPHONIES" On the 755th anniversary of the birth of Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)
Authors:   Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory, Moscow, Russian Federation, Terentyev S. S.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the embodiment of Dante's "Divine Comedy" in the music of the Saint Petersburg composer Boris Tishchenko (1939–2010) using his "Dante Symphonies", op. 123 (1997–2005) as an example. There are several studies, analyzing various aspects of the implementation of the immortal Dante's masterpiece in the field of musical art. Among these works it is worth mentioning the research essays dedicated directly to "Dante-symphonies", which are authored by A. N. Knyazev, G. P. Ovsyankina, M. S. Samarina, S. Yu. Sumin. The present research lies in the plane of the local key problem, which brings relevance and novelty to the sphere of modern musical dantology — synthesis of numerical codes and biblical symbols in "Dante-symphonies". The article reviews biblical symbolism as the forming element of Boris Tishchenko's "Dantesymphonies". The analysis reveals the principles of synthesis of composer's techniques of the XXth century, sacred symbolism of the Holy Writ and numerical codes. The accompanying text to the symphony is studied. The author examines characteristic features of the composer's style as applied to the musical language of "Dante-symphonies".
"SYMPHONY OF SORROWFUL SONGS" BY H. GORECKI AS A CULTURAL MEMORY PHENOMENON
Authors:   Gnesins Russian Academy of Music, Russian Federation, Moscow, Krasnikova T. N.
Published: October 2021

The article reviews the stylistic features of an outstanding piece of musical heritage from the second half of the XXth century, which in the context of contemporary events and memorable dates gains a particular resonance. The affiliation of "The Symphony of Sorrowful Songs" with modern cultural references gives it a special timelessness and characteristics of a phenomenon, that broadcasts the idea of the end of the world related to the horrors of war. The object of this article in an attempt to discover the peculiarities of symphonic genre interpretation, which is considered within the historical range of symphonies dedicated to this topic; to find out those features of texture, harmony, modal organization and compositional form of the work, which determine its stylistics. The author also tried to define the quotation techniques, which allow to perceive musical composition as a kind of revelation, presented as a set of texts. Application of the comparative analysis method made it possible to identify common style patterns and properties, which became an attribute of the unique style of Gorecki, who breathed new life into historically established genres, giving them specific features of sonorous texture, where timbre plays the main role. The meditativeness of composition, the form statistics, and the priority of modality, colored with subtle sonorous effects, became style factors as a result.
NIGHT AND ITS INDUSTRIES
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dukov E. V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to an important topic — artistic culture and its nightlife. The night has been explored by scholars in various disciplines including sociology, history, political economics, urban studies, and ethnology. This article raises cultural issues and focuses on the organization of artistic nightlife, its structure, the audience spending their free time at night, as well as artists and service staff. Several years ago, this was introduced to the press, both domestically and abroad, on television and on the Internet. Certain managerial exercises such as "Night of the Ad Eaters", "Night of Museums", "Night of Shopping", "Night of Music" have grown into a mass industry of night entertainment and night services. This is evidenced by statistics: the number of night residents is gradually increasing and their needs for night services have become more diverse in recent years. This infrastructure was developed in the XXth century and today represents a serious leisure and cultural industries in developed countries. Particular attention is paid to large cities where they are most developed — Paris, Berlin, New York and London. The problems of halls, night economy, noise, etc. are considered.
BEETHOVEN IN THE MIRROR OF CENTURIES
Authors:   Ippolitov-Ivanov State Musical Pedagogical Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Romashchuk I. M.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to a significant date — the 250th anniversary of the birth of the great German composer Ludwig van Beethoven. The author examines some issues of the influence of Beethoven's work on Russian artists in various fields of art. Especially stands out the name of one of the leading representatives of the Soviet musical avant-garde of the XXth century, composer Gavriil Popov, who created "Heroic" and "Pastoral" symphonies, following in the steps of the outstanding German master and entering into a "dialogue at a distance" with him. Furthermore, the indirect parallels between Popov's work and Beethoven's art are considered. The article also touches on the role of Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata" in the legendary film "Chapaev" by the Vasilyev brothers.
Lithostratigraphy and depositional environments in the Upper Paleocene and Eocene of Denmark
Authors: Clausen C. Heilmann , Nielsen O. B. , Gersner F.
Published: October 2021

The Upper Paleocene and Eocene deposits of Denmark are described lithologically and are formally re­ferred to six formations. The Upper Paleocene includes the Holmehus (new), 01st (new) and the Fur For­mations. The Eocene comprises the R0snres Clay, Lillebrelt Clay and S0vind Marl Formations. The 01st Formation is divided into Haslund and Vrerum Members. The R0snres Clay Formation and the Lillebrelt Clay Formation are divided into twelve informal lithological units. The biostratigraphy (mainly calcareous nannoplankton and dinoflagellate zonations) of each formation is briefly outlined.
Previously unknown volcanic ash layers are recognized in the Holmehus, R0snres Clay and the Lillebrelt Clay Formations, and a tephrachronology is established for the upper part of this ash sequence.
The petrography and geochemistry of the formations are described and regional and vertical variations in the parameters are related to changes in terrigeneous supply and depositional environment. Variations in the thickness of the formations are related to differential subsidence.
The depositional environment was marine to probably brackish and well below wave base. The sedi­ments are mainly pelagic-like clays. Five major depositional phases are recognized, each represented by a formation (01st and Fur Formations being deposited during one phase). Phases of submarine non-deposi­tion are identified at the base and top of the 01st Formation. The R0snres Clay and Lillebrelt Clay For­mations include many widely distributed and regionally uniform, almost isochronous beds, each of a dis­tinct lithology. They show that several widespread, rather sudden changes took place in a probably deep shelf environment with little regional variation. The changes are mainly ascribed to alterations in the ma­rine circulation pattern.
Stoping versus ductile deformation in the emplacement of the rapakivi intrusion of Qemertoq, South Greenland
Authors: M Susanne , Brown Becker , Brown Peter E.
Published: October 2021

Subsidence of Ketilidian metamorphic rocks adjacent to mushroomshaped intrusions of rapakivi granite in
South Greenland has been described by Bridgwater et al. (1974) and compared to the theoretical predic­tions of Ramberg (1967). Observations on the island of Qemertoq show that where the rapakivi magma rose through massive granite rather than schistose country rocks sloping was a major factor. This dif­ference in intrusive mechanisms can be attributed to ductility contrasts in the different types of country rock.
Palynology of the marine Jurassic formations in the Vardekh1ft ravine, Jameson Land, East Greenland
Authors: Lund Jens Jørgen , Pedersen Kaj Raunsgaard
Published: October 2021

The microfloras of the marine Neill Klinter, Vardekl0ft, and lower Hareelv Formations have been in­vestigated from exposures in the Vardekl0ft ravine at Hurry Inlet, eastern Jameson Land. The samples have yielded abundant spores and pollen as well as dinoflagellate cysts. Based on the occurrence of spores and pollen four microfloral assemblages (A-D) have been established. Biostratigraphic correlations based on the dinoflagellate occurrences as well, have been proposed by comparison with microfloras of Europe.
Assemblage A and B of the Neill Klinter Formation have been correlated to (Late) Pliensbachian to Early Toarcian. The typical assemblage C microfloras are restricted to the Vardekl0ft Formation and is correlated to the Middle-Late Bajocian at the base of the formation and to the (Early) Callovian at the top. The assemblage D has been recovered from the lower Hareelv Formation. Based on the dinoflagel­late cysts the deepest samples available from this formation may be correlated to the Oxfordian corda­tum(-plicatilis) Zone while the upper part of the section in Vardekl0ft is referred to the Early Kimmerid­gian.
The composition of the microfloras indicates marine to brackish palaeoenvironments with considerable variations in the terrestrial derived palynomorph groups.
Comparison with age equivalent microfloras of Svalbard and And0ya, Northern Norway, and the Middle Europe indicates the stratigraphical distribution of some spores to be palaeolatitudinally control­led.
SOME ASPECTS OF REGULATORY OPTIMIZATIONS IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR
Authors: Vachkov Stefan , Valkanov Nedyalko
Published: October 2021

Rapid development of the high technologies sector undoubtedly reflects the present-day financial regulation. Innovations like blockchain, cloud computing and artificial intelligence underlie the foundations of newly appeared RegTech firms and SupTech initiatives and quickly appear in the toolbox of contemporary financial supervision. The article examines some key trends related to their involvement and implementation by financial institutions and supervisors. Several arguments supporting the thesis for gradual transition to a more integrated and interactive model of financial regulation, characterized by a change from institutional to platform financial regulatory infrastructure, are presented.
Application of smartphone apps in assessment after spine surgeries: a systematic review protocol
Authors:   Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Sadeghsalehi Hamidreza , Onikzeh Parinaz , Heidari Afshin , Kazemi Aida , Najjariasl Parisa , Dalvandi Kamran , Zamanian Hadi
Published: October 2021

Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate applications of smartphone apps in assessment and monitoring of postoperative symptoms and patient functions after spine surgeries. Condition being studied: Some patients with spinal problems, such as Discopathy, need surgery. These patients need frequent follow-up and assessment of symptoms and function after surgery. Currently, the use of mobile applications is a new way to monitor and evaluate patients after spinal surgeries. Information sources: Following databases were searched until 2021-03-16: Pubmed, Scopus, Embase via Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL via EBSCO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Via Ovid, ACM, Psycinfo.
Amphibians of the equatorial seasonally dry forests of Ecuador and Peru
Authors: Armijos-Ojeda Diego , Székely Diana , Székely Paul , Cogălniceanu Dan , Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Ordóñez-Delgado Leonardo , Escudero Adrián , Espinosa Carlos Iván
Published: October 2021

Seasonally dry forests (SDFs) are one of the most challenging ecosystems for amphibians, fueling the diversity of this group of vertebrates. An updated inventory of native amphibians present in the Equatorial SDF is provided, which extends along the Pacific coast of Ecuador and northwestern Peru. The study is based on an extensive field sampling (two thirds of the total records) carried out throughout the Equatorial SDF, along with a compilation of the available information on distribution of amphibians in the region from published scientific papers, museum collections and on-line databases. The final dataset included 2,032 occurrence records for 30 amphibian species, belonging to eight anuran families. Additionally, data regarding conservation status, habitat use, spawn deposition site, reproductive mode, and body size, along with an identification key for all encountered species are provided. The results indicate a strong sampling bias with a deficit in the Peruvian part of the study area, and a need for urgent inventories targeted at under-sampled areas, using modern taxonomic methods. The study emphasizes the conservation priorities in the Equatorial SDF, based on the distribution, conservation status and life-history data. This information should be useful for the local authorities and institutions involved in the management and conservation of biodiversity in SDF.
Leçons rwandaises
Authors: Garapon Antoine , Hubrecht Joël , Laurentin Emmanuel
Published: October 2021

Les errements, les dissimulations et les contre-vérités de l’État français entre 1990 et 1994 sont désormais établis par la commission de recherche sur le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda. Le dossier interroge son rapport, mais aussi ses prolongements concernant les institutions politiques de la France, sa diplomatie, ses interventions militaires et sa politique de la mémoire.
« Nous devons poursuivre »
Authors: Duclert Vincent
Published: October 2021

Les responsabilités « lourdes et accablantes » des autorités françaises dans le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda, de même que la conscience républicaine de certains hommes et femmes, sont désormais établies grâce à l’histoire critique des archives d’État. Les actes de reconnaissance se fondent en effet sur le développement de la connaissance.
Une longue errance
Authors: Hubrecht Joël
Published: October 2021

Les rapports Duclert et Muse écartent une complicité de la France dans le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda. L’action de la France s’est tenue sur le fil, sans qu’une conscience de l’intention génocidaire et une aide directe et substantielle puissent être prouvées. Mais l’ordonnance du juge Bruguière et l’impunité de la veuve du président Habyarimana témoignent de la longue errance de la justice française sur le Rwanda.
Ce sable sur lequel on bâtit
Authors: Jeangène Vilmer Jean-Baptiste , Tull Denis , Vircoulon Thierry , Hubrecht Joël
Published: October 2021

Cette table ronde rend compte de la stratégie de présence minimale récemment mise en œuvre par la France dans le cadre de l’opération Barkhane pour contenir les groupes terroristes. Les contributeurs font état des difficultés rencontrées et s’interrogent sur l’absence de contrôle démocratique concernant les opérations extérieures.
Y a-t-il un avenir pour l’Afghanistan ?
Authors: Roy Olivier , Bayri Haldun , Régnier Quentin
Published: October 2021

Après l’échec des Américains, les talibans peuvent construire un État stable en Afghanistan parce qu’ils sont capables de lutter contre la corruption et de négocier avec les pouvoirs locaux. Mais cela suppose qu’il n’y ait pas de nouvelle ingérence étrangère et cela se fera au détriment des femmes.
Gouverner le trottoir
Authors: Baraud-Serfaty Isabelle
Published: October 2021

Sous l’effet des transitions numérique, écologique et post-Covid, les usages du trottoir par les piétons, les riverains et les fournisseurs de service s’intensifient. Les municipalités doivent s’en saisir comme un enjeu de régulation, mais aussi un levier politique.
Actifs ou inactifs ? Situation des assurés lors de la demande de retraite
Authors: Coupé Bernard , Tourne Michèle , de Reviers Aude
Published: October 2021

Quelle est, dans les faits, la situation des futurs retraités du régime général au moment où ils demandent leur retraite ? Après enquête, la Cnav révèle qu'en 1993, deux futurs retraités sur trois ayant demandé leur pension sont déjà inactifs, un sur quatre est au chômage (ou en préretraite ou en garantie de ressources), un sur quatre est sans activité et un sur dix est invalide, malade ou RMIste. Dans la même enquête, on constate que deux personnes sur trois prennent leur retraite à 60 ans, tandis qu'une sur six a attendu l'âge de 65 ans pour faire valoir ses droits (afin de bénéficier d'une retraite au taux plein). Toutefois, les inactifs (principalement chômeurs et invalides) sont presque deux fois plus nombreux que les actifs à prendre leur retraite dès 60 ans.
La formation des soignants face aux troubles démentiels : un point de vue
Authors: Gitz Anne-Marie
Published: October 2021

Les difficultés, le désarroi, et la désespérance des soignants face à la charge des troubles démentiels sont à prendre en compte. A tous incombent la responsabilité, le souci, le devoir d’aider à l’accomplissement de la vie jusqu’au terme de son parcours. A notre société de s’en donner les moyens, de remplir ce devoir d’humanité. Une piste de réflexion et de recherches est de cerner et donner valeur aux tâches des soignants auprès de ces vieillards, de reconnaître la nécessité d’une compétence spécifique. Pour tous les métiers de la gérontologie une formation complémentaire à la formation initiale et concomitante à la prise de poste devient nécessaire, avec dans la pratique des formations continues appropriées aux besoins et aux projets, et sur le terrain des formations comme suivi, soutien et travail sur soi.
De la vieillesse en communauté à la vieillesse en collectivité
Authors: Bois Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2021

Les sociétés anciennes sont constituées de communautés, à l’intérieur desquelles chacun trouve sa place, et qui conservent et protègent leurs vieillards. A partir du XVI e siècle, les cadres communautaires se disloquent. L’Église et l’État assurent désormais le contrôle des individus, et fondent les premières institutions collectives destinées à recueillir, en les confondant, tous ceux qui se trouvent rejetés par la société, pour la raison majeure qu’ils ne peuvent assurer leur subsistance. Les vieillards sont du nombre. Enfin identifiés au XVIII e siècle, ils commencent à bénéficier de soins particuliers ; mais c’est au XIX e siècle que des établissements collectifs s’ouvrent à leur service exclusif, avec comme ambition non plus de les retrancher de la société, mais de les considérer comme une fraction de la société. Restent à élaborer les cadres matériels de l’environnement et de l’accompagnement d’une dignité reconnue. Cette tâche, découverte dans le courant du XX e siècle, est urgente pour les générations futures.
Répartition des compétences en matière d’hébergement collectif pour personnes âgées
Authors: Thévenet Amédée
Published: October 2021

L’hébergement collectif des personnes âgées est un secteur traversé par bien des dualités : public/privé, sanitaire/social, lucratif/non lucratif, compétences étatiques/compétences décentralisées, financement Sécurité sociale/financement Aide sociale. Il regroupe les hospices dont la disparition est en cours, les maisons de retraite, les maisons d’accueil pour personnes âgées dépendantes (MAPAD), les unités de vie, les unités d’hébergement temporaire, les résidences-services, les centres et unités assurant des soins de longue durée dans les établissements sanitaires. Si la novation principale dans ce secteur provient des lois de décentralisation (1982) avec le partage de compétences entre l’autorité compétente de l’État et le conseil général, la répartition des compétences est beaucoup plus imbriquée. Son examen conduit à distinguer les compétences internes et les compétences externes. Ces compétences internes, consultatives ou décisionnelles, concernent, d’une part, la personne morale à l’origine de la création de l’équipement et, d’autre part, la création et le fonctionnement de ce dernier. Les compétences externes, sont, les unes, consultatives, les autres décisionnelles. Ces dernières s’exercent au plan administratif, tant en ce qui concerne la création de l’équipement (élaboration de schémas, délivrance d’une autorisation, octroi de subventions d’investissement) que pour ce qui a trait au financement du fonctionnement de l’établissement ou au contrôle de celui-ci. Ces compétences externes s’exercent enfin au plan juridictionnel.
Vieillissement et gérontocratie : vrai ou faux problème ?
Authors: Boulanger Paul-Marie
Published: October 2021

La thèse « gérontocratique », défendue notamment par A. Sauvy, pose que le pouvoir politique des « vieux » est destiné à s’accroître du fait du vieillissement démographique et donc de l’importance relative croissante des classes d’âge élevé dans la population. Cette supposition entre en contradiction avec un certain nombre d’énoncés de l’économie politique et aussi avec l’évolution prévisible des régimes de retraite qui ne sortiront pas indemnes de la charge supplémentaire résultant de l’arrivée à la pension des générations du baby-boom . La croissance importante du revenu relatif des retraités au cours de la période 60-80 pourrait, en revanche, s’expliquer partiellement par le vieillissement de l’âge médian de l’électorat.
La lente affirmation politique des aînés
Authors: Knüsel René , Castelli Dolores A.
Published: October 2021

La place des aînés dans la vie politique suisse n’est pas plus enviable que dans les autres pays d’Europe occidentale. La souplesse des institutions et les droits de démocratie directe ont, cependant, permis une présence plus affirmée des groupements de personnes âgées au sein des lieux de décision. Les divisions internes et les luttes de pouvoir ont pourtant notablement diminué l’impact politique de ces associations jusqu’ici.
Personnes âgées, techniques domestiques et sciences sociales
Authors: Hainard François
Published: October 2021

Le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées, les coûts et les choix qui lui sont liés appellent à de nouvelles réflexions. Les techniques domestiques sont parmi les solutions émergentes mais il convient de veiller à la manière dont elles sont proposées. L’intervention des sciences sociales, via leurs appareils conceptuels et méthodologiques, constitue le passage obligé d’une réelle adaptation aux besoins, d’une véritable appropriation et maîtrise des techniques par la population âgée.
Familles et technologies : des usages sociaux différenciés
Authors: Mollenkopf Heindrun , Trouvé Camille
Published: October 2021

Lorsque nous parlons de technologie en relation avec la famille et les différentes pratiques familiales, il nous faut tenir compte du fait qu’il existe des conditions initiales d’utilisation des biens technologiques et des infrastructures totalement différentes entre les pays. Ces divergences sont encore accentuées si l’on effectue une différenciation en fonction de l’âge et des structures familiales, d’une part, et des secteurs technologiques, d’autre part. De plus, les conditions sociales structurelles telles que la situation financière, le niveau d’éducation engendrent des expériences et des capacités différentes qui influencent l’achat et les possibilités d’utilisation de technologie. Ceci est à mettre en relation avec ce que nous avons appelé des « usages sociaux différenciés ». Le dernier exemple présenté montre combien ces conditions initiales influencent l’utilisation de la technologie par les personnes âgées. Dès lors, la technologie contribue au développement de l’action individuelle et à la diversification des modes vie. Dans le même temps, cependant, elle tend indirectement à perpétuer et à exacerber les inégalités sociales existantes.
La mobilité quotidienne des personnes âgées
Authors: Pochet Pascal
Published: October 2021

La mobilité quotidienne des citadins âgés est l’objet de cette étude. Pour analyser les comportements de déplacements, nous utilisons une série de trois enquêtes quantitatives réalisées dans l’agglomération grenobloise en 1978, 1984-85 et 1992. Dans un premier temps, sur des données transversales, nous montrons que la mobilité quotidienne varie fortement après 60 ans du fait de l’âge, du sexe, de l’accès à la voiture, du niveau d’éducation, et du lieu d’habitat. Nous étudions ensuite les changements de mobilité à partir d’une visualisation longitudinale des données pour distinguer les effets d’âge, de génération et de période. Les changements de ces quinze dernières années concernent bien plus les moyens de transport employés (croissance de l’usage de la voiture, voire des transports collectifs, déclin des déplacements à pied), que les activités extérieures. Ces tendances laissent entrevoir une poursuite de la croissance des déplacements urbains effectués en voiture, notamment du fait de l’arrivée à 60 ans de générations de femmes ayant accumulé une plus grande expérience de ce mode de transport.
Éthique et personnes âgées
Authors: Baulon Alain
Published: October 2021

L’importance du vieillissement de la population, les situations spécifiques de soins qu’elle génère obligent chaque intervenant - social, soignant mais aussi administratif - à réfléchir sur ses décisions et sur ses attitudes. Ainsi peut naître une véritable éthique de la vieillesse et des personnes âgées. Où et comment favoriser cette réflexion ? Au niveau des institutions les chartes apportent un support à la réflexion. Dans les établissements, sur le terrain et au quotidien, la démarche repose sur la connaissance de l’individu au travers de sa vie, de ses désirs, de ses réactions, de son entourage. Il s’agit d’intégrer le questionnement dans le projet élaboré par les intervenants ; cette démarche nécessite la définition d’un espace de temps pour que la parole puisse circuler entre tous. Chaque situation, chaque décision sont spécifiques d’une personne, toute situation nouvelle amène à renouveler l’analyse. Éthique du non-abandon, responsabilité et compétence de chacun, reconnaissance de l’autre au travers de son histoire et de sa dynamique de vie aideront à définir des attitudes empreintes de solidarité et d’humanité.
E-conciliation vie de travail / vie hors travail : intervenir par le théâtre‑forum
Authors: Grosjean Vincent , Morand Ophélie , Cahour Béatrice , Bobillier-Chaumon Marc-Éric
Published: October 2021

La surconnexion dont la prégnance s’est vue accrue par l’association de l’utilisation du smartphone et de la messagerie pose problème aux entreprises comme aux salariés, notamment en termes de régulation des frontières entre la sphère privée et la sphère professionnelle et d’articulation vie personnelle /vie professionnelle. Des tentatives de régulation des usages excessifs peuvent prendre la forme d’accords d’entreprise ou s’appuyer sur des stratégies individuelles décidées en toute autonomie par les salariés. Nous explorons ici une troisième voie, la mise en place d’espaces d’échange dans les collectifs de travail pour y débattre des éléments pointés par les travailleurs eux-mêmes comme posant problème. Avec le concours d’un collectif de médecins du travail d’une grande entreprise, un dispositif d’échange sur les pratiques numériques liées au travail s’appuyant sur le théâtre-forum a été mis au point et testé. À partir de l’analyse détaillée d’un cas d’usage, l’article examine en quoi la méthode permet à un collectif d’aboutir à une construction enrichie d’une problématique complexe, puis de « porter le débat » dans un cadre plus large incluant des décideurs où sont envisagées des voies de solution. Les résultats attestent des apports du dispositif à la fois pour le groupe de personnes qui ont souhaité interpeller plus largement sur l’importance du problème et pour les membres de l’entreprise qui ont été secondairement interpellés.