bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AnÃ¡lisis y DiseÃ±o de Sistemas Multiagente Normativos Abiertos
Authors: Garcia Emilia , Giret Adriana
Published: February 2018

This article summarizes the main contributions of the thesis titled "Engineering Regulated Open Multiagent Systems". This thesis is focused on the analysis and design of normative open systems using multiagent technology. Specifically this thesis offers: (1) a metamodel that allows especifying all the features of systems of this kind; (2) a methodology that covers the analysis through a detailed development process and specific guidelines that include the identification and formalization of the normative context of the system; (3) a CASE tool that integrates the design of the system with the formal verification of its normative context.
Elderly perception about the new technologies
Authors: Marquine Raymundo Taiuani , Da Silva Santana Carla
Published: February 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepÃ§Ã£o de idosos acerca das novas tecnologias e a influÃªncia de variÃ¡veis sociodemogrÃ¡ficas e da capacidade funcional na percepÃ§Ã£o da utilidade das novas tecnologias e facilidade no uso destas. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, analÃ­tico e transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionÃ¡rios e a anÃ¡lise de dados foi realizada atravÃ©s do mÃ©todo de estatÃ­stica descritiva, do teste de t-Student, teste Qui-Quadrado e mÃ©todo de regressÃ£o logÃ­stica simples e mÃºltiplo. Participaram 100 idosos, sendo 77% do gÃªnero feminino e 82% independentes para realizaÃ§Ã£o das atividades instrumentais de vida diÃ¡ria. NÃ£o houve associaÃ§Ã£o significativa entre as variÃ¡veis estudadas. PorÃ©m, apÃ³s anÃ¡lise da presenÃ§a ou nÃ£o de fatores de risco, as mulheres apresentam menor chance de nÃ£o perceberem a utilidade das tecnologias e, os sujeitos com menor nÃ­vel educacional apresentam oito vezes mais chances de nÃ£o perceberem a utilidade. Conclui-se que variÃ¡veis como gÃªnero e nÃ­vel de instruÃ§Ã£o educacional sÃ£o fatores de risco para a percepÃ§Ã£o da utilidade das tecnologias e, variÃ¡veis como idade, renda, estado civil e capacidade funcional nÃ£o apresentaram associaÃ§Ãµes significativas com a percepÃ§Ã£o da utilidade e da facilidade no uso de tecnologias.
Derived equivalences and stable equivalences of Morita type, II
Authors: Hu Wei , Xi Changchang
Published: February 2018

We consider the question of lifting stable equivalences of Morita type to derived equivalences. One motivation comes from an approach to Broué’s abelian defect group conjecture. Another motivation is a conjecture by Auslander and Reiten on stable equivalences preserving the number of non-projective simple modules. A machinery is presented to construct lifts for a large class of algebras, including Frobenius-finite algebras introduced in this paper. In particular, every stable equivalence of Morita type between Frobenius-finite algebras over an algebraically closed field can be lifted to a derived equivalence. Consequently, the Auslander–Reiten conjecture is true for stable equivalences of Morita type between Frobenius-finite algebras. Examples of Frobenius-finite algebras are abundant, including representation-finite algebras, Auslander algebras, cluster-tilted algebras and certain Frobenius extensions. As a byproduct of our methods, we show that, for a Nakayama-stable idempotent element

e

in an algebra

A

over an algebraically closed field, each tilting complex over

eAe

can be extended to a tilting complex over A that induces an almost ν-stable derived equivalence studied in the first paper of this series. Moreover, the machinery is applicable to verify Broué’s abelian defect group conjecture for several cases mentioned in the literature.
A priori bounds and existence of solutions for some nonlocal elliptic problems
Authors: Barrios Begoña , Del Pezzo Leandro M. , García-Melián Jorge , Quaas Alexander
Published: February 2018

In this paper we show existence of solutions for some elliptic problems with nonlocal diffusion by means of nonvariational tools. Our proof is based on the use of topological degree, which requires a priori bounds for the solutions. We obtain the a priori bounds by adapting the classical scaling method of Gidas and Spruck. We also deal with problems involving gradient terms.
Long wave asymptotics for the Euler–Korteweg system
Authors: Benzoni-Gavage Sylvie , Chiron David
Published: February 2018

The Euler–Korteweg system (EK) is a fairly general nonlinear waves model in mathematical physics that includes in particular the fluid formulation of the NonLinear Schrödinger equation (NLS). Several asymptotic regimes can be considered, regarding the length and the amplitude of waves. The first one is the free wave regime, which yields long acoustic waves of small amplitude. The other regimes describe a single wave or two counter propagating waves emerging from the wave regime. It is shown that in one space dimension those waves are governed either by inviscid Burgers or by Korteweg–de Vries equations, depending on the spatio-temporal and amplitude scalings. In higher dimensions, those waves are found to solve Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equations. Error bounds are provided in all cases. These results extend earlier work on defocussing (NLS) (and more specifically the Gross–Pitaevskii equation), and sheds light on the qualitative behavior of solutions to (EK), which is a highly nonlinear system of PDEs that is much less understood in general than (NLS).
Model sets, almost periodic patterns, uniform density and linear maps
Authors: Guihéneuf Pierre-Antoine
Published: February 2018

This article consists in two relatively independent parts. In the first one, we investigate the geometric properties of almost periodicity of model sets (or cut-and-project sets, defined under the weakest hypotheses); in particular we show that they are almost periodic patterns and thus possess a uniform density. In the second part, we prove that the class of model sets and almost periodic patterns are stable under discretizations of linear maps.
My Time: Incidencia de la televisión a la carta en la evolución del prime time en España
Authors: Polo-López Marc , Miotto Giorgia , Fondevila-Gascón Joan Francesc
Published: February 2018

El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el impacto de la televisión a la carta en las audiencias del prime time en España. La aparición de distintas cadenas de televisión a lo largo de los últimos años ha supuesto una fragmentación de las audiencias en función de la oferta televisiva y de los gustos particulares de cada individuo entre la audiencia, que ha llegado a la máxima expresión desde el momento en que los espectadores pueden elegir el contenido que deseen, en el momento que prefieran. El catalizador de esta evolución en el consumo de la televisión es la tecnología en general e internet en concreto, que de forma conjunta ofrecen los dispositivos necesarios para que el consumidor de contenido audiovisual pueda acceder a ellos de la forma más rápida y cómoda.  Metodología: La investigación se apoya en elementos cuantitativos como el análisis de las audiencias conseguidas por los principales programas en la televisión en España entre los años 2002 y 2015, y se complementa con valoraciones cualitativas relevantes que incluye las aportaciones de profesionales que representan a las principales empresas del sector. Resultados y conclusiones: Se valora la televisión como un medio relevante, pero con matices en cuanto a los programas y a la forma de consumir esta televisión.
Expectoration of Cryptosporidium Parasites in Sputum of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive and –Negative Adults
Authors: Mor Siobhan M. , Ascolillo Luke R. , Nakato Ritah , Ndeezi Grace , Tumwine James K. , Okwera Alphonse , Sponseller Jerlyn K. , Tzipori Saul , Griffiths Jeffrey K.
Published: February 2018

Respiratory cryptosporidiosis is thought to be a rare, end-stage complication of HIV. Few studies have systematically examined the frequency of such infection in adults. Sputum specimens submitted for tuberculosis (TB) testing at Mulago Hospital, Uganda, were anonymously retested for Cryptosporidium using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Visual confirmation using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was performed for a subset of PCR-positive samples. Of 824 sputum samples tested, 24 (2.9%) were Cryptosporidium positive. Prevalence in sputum ranged between 0% and 10% in each month of the study and exceeded TB prevalence in some months. In this referral population, respiratory Cryptosporidium prevalence was lower in people with HIV (1.3% versus 4.4% without HIV, P = 0.028) and higher in those with TB (6.8% versus 2.6% without TB, P = 0.086). The weak association between respiratory Cryptosporidium infection and TB persisted after controlling for HIV (odds ratio = 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 11.8; P = 0.080). This is the first study to document adult respiratory tract cryptosporidiosis in a referral population with presumed TB. These findings 1) confirm that Cryptosporidium respiratory infection occurs in HIV-negative and -positive adults; 2) suggest there is potential for Cryptosporidium to be disseminated or transmitted by coughing or expectoration; and 3) identify possible synergy between Cryptosporidium and TB in the respiratory tract.
DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO NA ERA DIGITAL: DESAFIOS PARA UM DIÁLOGO CONSCIENTE E IGUALITÁRIO
Authors: Machado Raquel Cavalcanti Ramos , Hernandez Rivera Laura Nathalie
Published: February 2018

A democracia ganha novos contornos no espaço disponibilizado pela internet. Nesse palco, no qual muitas relações são travadas, e em que a voz do cidadão ganha realce, o poder é semeado. O presente trabalho objetiva avaliar alguns dos aspectos trazidos pelo cenário digital ao exercício do poder, como a inclusão e a educação do cidadão, assim como a ampliação dos ambientes de debate e do controle do Estado. Utilizou-se o método falibilista hipotético-dedutivo, em que se formularam hipóteses, que foram testadas por meio de verificação da realidade, de pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial. Como resultado, percebeu-se que, para assegurar a igualdade, importa não apenas garantir a inclusão digital, mas também a educação, a fim de que os debates sejam travados com consciência política, transparência e honestidade, devendo-se observar normas quanto ao diálogo, como as que exigem deliberação e discussão de assuntos postos em pauta para manifestação social. Além disso, por ser um espaço que viabiliza a manifestação cidadã, o Estado deve criar canais que possibilitem sua participação mais ativa. Participação essa que não necessariamente implicará a diminuição do caráter representativo da democracia, mas possibilitará o aumento de sua legitimidade. Outro aspecto da questão relaciona-se à realização de campanhas eleitorais em que a imposição de regras, como as previstas na legislação eleitoral, mostra-se crucial para impedir que o abuso do poder econômico e político estruture a disputa. Concluiu-se, portanto, necessidade de um aumento de consciência política digital, em vários de seus aspectos, para que se possa desenvolver a democracia no ambiente digital.
TRATAMENTO JURÍDICO DAS CRIPTOMOEDAS: A DINÂMICA DOS BITCOINS E O CRIME DE LAVAGEM DE DINHEIRO
Authors: De Andrade Mariana Dionísio
Published: February 2018

O objetivo do artigo consiste em responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: a falta de regulamentação específica para as criptomoedas possui relação com a expansão das modalidades criminosas? Para responder ao referido problema, é necessário abordar o conceito de criptomoedas, sua expansão, o papel das instituições de controle e os limites jurídicos que reconhecem a existência dessa nova modalidade de tecnologia. Partimos do suposto de que o advento das criptomoedas em si não consiste em uma atividade criminosa pela ausência de regulamentação pelo Banco Central, mas sim, pode vir a se encaixar em tipos penais pelo mau uso dos softwares. A abordagem é qualitativa, com suporte em revisão de literatura e análise descritiva dos fenômenos pesquisados, além da consulta sobre a legislação sobre o tema. A contribuição é relevante pelo ineditismo e pela importância do tema no contexto financeiro e jurídico das transações realizadas em modalidade virtual. Conclui-se que não é possível associar diretamente o uso de bitcoins com a expansão das modalidades criminosas, entretanto, resta evidente que há relação subjacente entre a falta de regulamentação e a especialização de práticas criminosas que usam o ciberespaço como ambiente.
Beyond Genocide: a comparative analysis of the elimination of Australia’s Indigenous and Torres Strait Islander people
Authors: Crotty Thomas
Published: February 2018

This paper explores the applicability of the term genocide to Australian colonisation, and considers whether the scholar Patrick Wolfe’s concept of settler colonialism’s inherent “logic of elimination” provides a more useful framework for considering Australian history.
Evidence for a continuous decline in lower stratospheric ozone offsetting ozone layer recovery
Authors: Ball William T. , Alsing Justin , Mortlock Daniel J. , Staehelin Johannes , Haigh Joanna D. , Peter Thomas , Tummon Fiona , Stübi Rene , Stenke Andrea , Anderson John , Bourassa Adam , Davis Sean M. , Degenstein Doug , Frith Stacey , Froidevaux Lucien , Roth Chris , Sofieva Viktoria , Wang Ray , Wild Jeannette , Yu Pengfei , Ziemke Jerald R. , Rozanov Eugene V.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Ozone forms in the Earth's atmosphere from the photodissociation of molecular oxygen, primarily in the tropical stratosphere. It is then transported to the extratropics by the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC), forming a protective ozone layer around the globe. Human emissions of halogen-containing ozone-depleting substances (hODSs) led to a decline in stratospheric ozone until they were banned by the Montreal Protocol, and since 1998 ozone in the upper stratosphere is rising again, likely the recovery from halogen-induced losses. Total column measurements of ozone between the Earth's surface and the top of the atmosphere indicate that the ozone layer has stopped declining across the globe, but no clear increase has been observed at latitudes between 60° S and 60° N outside the polar regions (60–90°). Here we report evidence from multiple satellite measurements that ozone in the lower stratosphere between 60° S and 60° N has indeed continued to decline since 1998. We find that, even though upper stratospheric ozone is recovering, the continuing downward trend in the lower stratosphere prevails, resulting in a downward trend in stratospheric column ozone between 60° S and 60° N. We find that total column ozone between 60° S and 60° N appears not to have decreased only because of increases in tropospheric column ozone that compensate for the stratospheric decreases. The reasons for the continued reduction of lower stratospheric ozone are not clear; models do not reproduce these trends, and thus the causes now urgently need to be established.
Detection of O4 absorption around 328 and 419 nm in measured atmospheric absorption spectra
Authors: Lampel Johannes , Zielcke Johannes , Schmitt Stefan , Pöhler Denis , Frieß Udo , Platt Ulrich , Wagner Thomas
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Retrieving the column of an absorbing trace gas from spectral data requires that all absorbers in the corresponding wavelength range are sufficiently well known. This is especially important for the retrieval of weak absorbers, whose absorptions are often in the 10−4 range. Previous publications on the absorptions of the oxygen dimer O2–O2 (or short: O4) list absorption peaks at 328 and 419 nm, for which no spectrally resolved literature cross sections are available. As these absorptions potentially influence the spectral retrieval of various trace gases, such as HCHO, BrO, OClO and IO, their shape and magnitude need to be quantified. We assume that the shape of the absorption peaks at 328 and 419 nm can be approximated by their respective neighbouring absorption peaks. Using this approach we obtain estimates for the wavelength of the absorption and its magnitude. Using long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) observations and multi-axis DOAS (MAX-DOAS) observations, we estimate the peak absorption cross sections of O4 to be (1.96  ±  0.20) × 10−47 cm5 molec−2 and determine the wavelength of its maximum at 328.59  ±  0.15 nm. For the absorption at 419.13  ±  0.42 nm a peak O4 cross-section value is determined to be (5.0  ±  3.5) × 10−48 cm5 molec−2.
Variations of the 630.0 nm airglow emission with meridional neutral wind and neutral temperature around midnight
Authors: Chiang Chih-Yu , Tam Sunny  Wing-Yee , Chang Tzu-Fang
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Enhancements in 630.0 nm airglow around midnight at equatorial latitudes were observed by many optical observations. Such features had been suggested as the signature of thermospheric midnight temperature maximum (MTM) effect, which was associated with temperature and meridional neutral winds. This study investigates the influence of neutral temperature and meridional neutral wind on the volume emission rates of the 630.0 nm nightglow. We utilize the SAMI2 model to simulate the charged and neutral species at the 630.0 nm nightglow emission layer under different temperatures with and without the effect of neutral wind. The results show that the neutral wind is more efficient than temperature variation in affecting the nightglow emission rates. However, the emission rate features a local maximum in its variation with the temperature. Two kinds of tendencies can be seen regarding the temperature that corresponds to the turning point, which is named the turning temperature (Tt) in this study: firstly, Tt decreases with the emission rate for the same altitude; secondly, for approximately the same emission rate, Tt increases with the altitude.
Historical gridded reconstruction of potential evapotranspiration for
the UK
Authors: Tanguy Maliko , Prudhomme Christel , Smith Katie , Hannaford Jamie
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) is a necessary input data for most hydrological models and is usually needed at a daily or shorter time-step. An accurate estimation of PET requires many input climate variables which are in most cases not available prior to the 1960s for the UK, nor indeed most parts of the world. Therefore, when applying hydrological models for reconstructing earlier periods, modellers have to rely on PET estimation derived from simplified methods. Given that only monthly observed temperature data is readily available for the late 19th and early 20th century at a national scale for the UK, the objective of this work was to derive the best possible UK-wide gridded PET dataset with the limited data available. To that end, firstly, a combination of (i) seven temperature-based PET equations, (ii) four different calibration approaches and (iii) seven input temperature data were evaluated against a gridded daily PET product based on the physically-based Penman-Monteith equation (the CHESS PET dataset), the rationale being that this provides a reliable ground-truth PET dataset for evaluation purposes, given that no directly observed, distributed PET datasets exist. The performance of the models was also compared to the simplest possible estimation of PET (naïve method) in the absence of any available climate data, the CHESS PET daily long term average (the period from 1961 to 1990 was chosen for this study), or CHESS-PET daily climatology. The analysis revealed that the type of calibration and the input temperature dataset had only a minor effect in the accuracy of the PET estimations at catchment scale. From the seven equations tested, only the calibrated version of the McGuinness-Bordne equation was able to outperform the naïve method and was therefore used to derive the gridded, reconstructed dataset. The equation was calibrated using 43 catchments across Great Britain. The dataset produced is a 5-km gridded PET dataset for the period 1891 to 2015, using as input data for the PET equation the Met Office 5-km monthly gridded temperature data available for that time period, which was disaggregated to daily temperature using pchip (piecewise cubic hermite interpolating polynomial) method. The dataset includes daily and monthly PET grids and is complemented with a suite of mapped performance metrics to help users assess the quality of the data spatially. The data can be accessed here: https://doi.org/10.5285/17b9c4f7-1c30-4b6f-b2fe-f7780159939c.
Scales of collective entrainment and intermittent transport in collision-driven bed load
Authors: Lee Dylan B. , Jerolmack Doug
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Fluvial bed-load transport is notoriously unpredictable, especially near the threshold of motion where stochastic fluctuations in sediment flux are large. A general statistical mechanics framework has been developed to formally average these fluctuations, and its application requires an intimate understanding of the probabilistic motion of individual particles. Laboratory and field observations suggest that particles are entrained collectively, but this behavior is not well resolved. Collective entrainment introduces new length and time scales of correlation into probabilistic formulations of bed-load flux. We perform a series of experiments to directly quantify spatially-clustered movement of particles (i.e., collective motion), using a steep-slope 2D flume in which centimeter-scale marbles are fed at varying rates into a shallow and turbulent water flow. We observe that entrainment results exclusively from particle collisions and is generally collective, while particles deposit independently of each other. The size distribution of collective motion events is roughly exponential and constant across sediment feed rates. The primary effect of changing feed rate is simply to change the entrainment frequency, although the relation between these two diverges from the expected linear form in the slowly-driven limit. The total displacement of all particles entrained in a collision event is proportional to the kinetic energy deposited into the bed by the impactor. The first-order picture that emerges is similar to generic avalanching dynamics in sandpiles: avalanches (collective entrainment events) of a characteristic size relax with a characteristic timescale regardless of feed rate, but the frequency of avalanches increases in proportion to the feed rate. The transition from intermittent to continuous bed-load transport then results from the progressive merger of entrainment avalanches with increasing transport rate. As most bed-load transport occurs in the intermittent regime, the length scale of collective entrainment should be considered a fundamental addition to any probabilistic bed-load framework.
An SQP method for Chebyshev and hole-pattern fitting with geometrical elements
Authors: Hutzschenreuter Daniel , Härtig Frank , Schmidt Markus
Published: February 2018

Abstract. A customized sequential quadratic program (SQP) method for the solution of minimax-type fitting applications
in coordinate metrology is presented. This area increasingly requires highly
efficient and accurate algorithms, as modern three-dimensional geometry measurement systems
provide large and computationally intensive data sets for fitting
calculations. In order to meet these aspects, approaches for an optimization
and parallelization of the SQP method are provided. The implementation is
verified with medium (500 thousand points) and large (up to 13 million
points) test data sets. A relative accuracy of the results in the range of
1 × 10−14 is observed. With four-CPU
parallelization, the associated calculation time has been less than 5 s.
Brief Communication: Synoptic-scale differences between Sundowner and Santa Ana wind regimes in the Santa Ynez Mountains, California
Authors: Hatchett Benjamin J. , Smith Craig M. , Nauslar Nicholas J. , Kaplan Michael L.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Downslope Sundowner winds in southern California's
Santa Ynez Mountains favor wildfire growth. To explore differences between
Sundowners and Santa Ana winds (SAWs), we use surface observations from 1979 to 2014
to develop a climatology of extreme Sundowner days. The
climatology was compared to an existing SAW index from 1979 to 2012.
Sundowner (SAW) occurrence peaks in late spring (winter). SAWs demonstrate
amplified 500 hPa geopotential heights over western North America and
anomalous positive inland mean sea-level pressures. Sundowner-only
conditions display zonal 500 hPa flow and negative inland sea-level pressure
anomalies. A low-level northerly coastal jet is present during Sundowners
but not SAWs.
Non-cylindrical parasitic folding and strain partitioning during the Pan-African Lufilian orogeny in the Chambishi-Nkana Basin, Central African Copperbelt
Authors: Torremans Koen , Muchez Philippe , Sintubin Manuel
Published: February 2018

Abstract. A structural analysis has been carried out along the southeast margin of the Chambishi-Nkana Basin in the Central African Copperbelt, hosting the world-class Cu-Co Nkana orebody. The geometrically complex structural architecture is interpreted to have been generated during a single NE-SW oriented compressional event, clearly linked to the Pan-African Lufilian orogeny. This progressive deformation resulted primarily in asymmetric multiscale parasitic fold assemblages, characterized by non-cylindrical NW-SE elongated, periclinal folds that strongly interfere laterally, leading to fold linkage and bifurcation. The vergence and amplitude of these folds consistently reflect their position along an inclined limb of a NW plunging megascale first-order fold. A clear relation is observed between development of parasitic folds and certain lithofacies assemblages in the Copperbelt Orebody Member, which hosts most of the ore. Differences in fold amplitude, wavelength and shape are explained by changes in mechanical stratigraphy caused by lateral lithofacies variation in ore-bearing horizons. In addition, strong differences in strain partitioning occur within the deforming basin, which is interpreted to be in part controlled by changes in mechanical anisotropy in the layered rock package. This work provides an essential backdrop to understand the influence of the Lufilian orogeny on metal mineralization and (re-)mobilization in the Copperbelt.
Spatial regulation of taxicab services: Measuring empty travel in New York City
Authors: King David , Saldarriaga Juan
Published: February 2018

Taxicabs are ubiquitous in cities throughout the world, and the industry is going through regulatory change with the growth of app-based services. In the United States, where taxicabs are typically regulated locally, licenses determine where taxis can pick up passengers. This means that for trips that end outside of licensed boundaries taxicabs are prohibited from picking up passengers and are forced to make “deadhead” return trips. This research estimates empty taxi travel associated with spatial restrictions on passenger trip origins in New York City. In 2012, New York introduced a special taxi category intended to improve taxi access in areas of the city considered underserved by taxicabs. The new green taxicabs, as they are called, can drop off passengers anywhere in the city but are restricted from picking up passengers in the central business districts and at any of the region’s airports. Using detailed trip data for each taxi ride, we estimate that up to 500,000 kilometers per week of deadhead travel are associated with restrictions on pick up locations, and more than 20 percent of all green taxicab trips end in an area where the driver is prohibited from picking up a new passenger.
Is bigger better? Metropolitan area population, access, activity participation, and subjective well-being
Authors: Morris Eric A. , Mondschein Andrew , Blumenberg Evelyn
Published: February 2018

Researchers have posited that larger, denser metropolitan areas have important consumption advantages. We examine this using Cragg two-part hurdle and ordinary least square (OLS) regression models employing data from the American Time Use Survey. We test whether: 1) large metropolitan area residents participate in more out-of-home activities because these activities are more plentiful, richer, and/or easier to access, 2) large metropolitan areas have lower travel times because of higher densities, and 3) activities in larger metropolitan areas have more positive associations with subjective well-being than those in smaller places. We reject all three hypotheses. Metropolitan area population size is largely unrelated to time spent outside the home, excluding travel. Large-metropolitan-area residents participate in more arts and entertainment activities and eat and drink out more often, but they socialize, volunteer, and care for others outside the home less. Larger metropolitan areas are associated with dramatically more travel time. We find no evidence that large metropolitan area activities contribute any more or less to life satisfaction or affect than activities in smaller places. We also find that life satisfaction does not covary with metropolitan area size. In sum, living in a large metropolitan area may primarily involve a tradeoff of (travel) time for money (higher wages), with little net change in welfare.
Transformações em torno do fenômeno da violência homicida no estado de Alagoas
Authors: Oliveira do Nascimento Emerson
Published: February 2018

Embora Alagoas ocupe a posição de estado mais violento do Brasil desde 2006, poucosesforços têm sido empreendidos para explicar e compreender a constituição desta realidade.A explosão dos percentuais de violência homicida registrados em Alagoas naúltima década tem sido, com frequência, associada, ora à ideia de um resíduo históricoda violência “fundante” da província no século XIX, ora à ideia de uma cultura daviolência que distinguiria, sobremaneira, o alagoano. Acreditamos que estes argumentosperdem de vista a particularidade do problema, pois enfatizam explicaçõesestruturalistas que, ao longo do tempo, pouco contribuíram para a formação de componentescognitivos que fomentassem a concepção e a implementação de planos ouprogramas de segurança no estado. Recorremos aqui aos conceitos de acumulação socialda violência e sujeição criminal, de modo a reafirmar a constituição de uma interpretaçãomenos historicista e mais sociológica do referido fenômeno. Argumentamos, ainda,que, no caso alagoano, este processo tem disseminado – talvez como em nenhum outrolugar do Brasil – a produção de um discurso que negligencia, nos planos simbólicoe prático das relações de Estado, o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de segurançapreventivas ou compensatórias.
The Effect of Using Blogs to Enhance the Writing Skill of English Language Learners at a Saudi University
Authors: Alsubaie Amal , Madini Abeer Ahmed
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of web blogs as a supplementary tool for teaching English. It focuses on studying the effectiveness of using blog exchanges for enhancing the Saudi female university students’ English writing, especially the vocabulary usage. The participants of the current study were thirty-seven Saudi female preparatory year students from the English Language Institute (ELI) at King Abdulaziz University (KAU). Their ages ranged between 18 to 20 years of age. All participants were studying level 103 of the Oxford Headway Plus curriculum, at the third quarter of the academic year 2015-2016. The study hypothesized that there is a positive impact of using web blogs as a supplementary tool in improving the students’ writing skill, especially the use of vocabulary. This research reports on an experimental design study using a quantitative approach. The study also used blog entries and pre/post-tests as primary data collection methods. The pre-test and post-test consisted of 50 vocabulary scale test items. They were taken to measure the differences in participants’ writing performance after 7 weeks of intervention. A paired-sample t-test was utilized for statistical analysis to determine if there were any improvements in the students’ writing performance. The findings indicated an improvement in the students’ writing performance after using the blog entries. In addition, the research experiment contributed to the extension of their vocabulary knowledge.
Clinical Outcomes After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty With and Without Subscapularis Repair: The Importance of Considering Glenosphere Lateralization
Authors: Werner Brian C. , Wong Alexandra C. , Mahony Gregory T. , Craig Edward V. , Dines David M. , Warren Russell F. , Gulotta Lawrence V.
Published: February 2018

Introduction:

Recent biomechanical data suggests that repairing the subscapularis during reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) can increase the force required by the posterior rotator cuff and deltoid to elevate the arm.

Methods:

We retrospectively studied patients who underwent primary RSA and had baseline and minimum 2-year postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder scores, stratified them according to subscapularis management, then subgrouped them according to lateralization of the glenosphere component.

Results:

Patients with subscapularis repair and a lateralized glenosphere had significantly less improvement in ASES scores than did those without lateralization (P = 0.016) and patients without subscapularis repair (P = 0.006). Individually, subscapularis management (P = 0.163) and glenosphere lateralization (P = 0.847) had no significant effect on the change in ASES score but in combination did have a significant effect on the change in ASES score (P = 0.002).

Discussion:

The combination of subscapularis repair and glenosphere implant lateralization in RSA translates to significantly less clinical improvement.

Conclusions:

Patients who underwent both subscapularis repair and glenosphere lateralization had significantly less improvement in ASES scores.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
DYNAMICS OF NUTRITION ELEMENTS IN FODDER CROPS AGROCENOUSES
Authors: Vlasenko O A
Published: February 2018

Rapeseed and rapeseed and millet mixtures are cultivated, the supply of chernozem with nitrate nitrogen is low and medium, the supply of ammonium nitrogen is high. The availability of mobile phosphorus is reduced by the end of the growing season. The availability of exchange potassium for these crops is very high.
MMKK++ algorithm for clustering heterogeneous images into an unknown number of clusters
Authors: Papp Dávid , Szűcs Gábor
Published: February 2018

In this paper we present a suggested automatic clustering procedure with the main aim to predict the number of clusters of unknown, heterogeneous images. We used the state-of-the-art Fisher-vector for mathematical representation of the images and these vectors were considered as input data points for the clustering algorithm. We implemented a novel variant of K-means, the kernel K-means++, furthermore the min-max kernel K-means plusplus (MMKK++) as clustering method. The proposed approach examines some candidate cluster numbers and uses the law of large numbers in order to choose the optimal cluster size. We conducted experiments on four image sets to demonstrate the efficiency of our solution. The first two image sets are subsets of different popular collections; the third is their union; the fourth is the complete Caltech101 image set.
Semantic Video Concept Detection using Novel Mixed-Hybrid-Fusion Approach for Multi-Label Data
Authors: Janwe Nitin Jagannathrao , Bhoyar Kishor K.
Published: February 2018

The performance of the semantic concept detection method depends on, the selection of the low-level visual features used to represent key-frames of a shot and the selection of the feature-fusion method used. This paper proposes a set of low-level visual features of considerably smaller size and also proposes novel ‘hybrid-fusion’ and ‘mixed-hybrid-fusion’, approaches which are formulated by combining early and late-fusion strategies proposed in the literature. In the initially proposed hybrid-fusion approach, the features from the same feature group are combined using early-fusion before classifier training; and the concept probability scores from multiple classifiers are merged using late-fusion approach to get final detection scores. A feature group is defined as the features from the same feature family such as color moment. The hybrid-fusion approach is refined and the “mixed-hybrid-fusion” approach is proposed to further improve detection rate. This paper presents a novel video concept detection system for multi-label data using a proposed mixed-hybrid-fusion approach. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to build classifiers that produce concept probabilities for a test frame. The proposed approaches are evaluated on multi-label TRECVID2007 development dataset. Experimental results show that, the proposed mixed-hybrid-fusion approach performs better than other proposed hybrid-fusion approach and outperforms all conventional early-fusion and late-fusion approaches by large margins with respect to feature set dimensionality and Mean Average Precision (MAP) values.
Impact of Narrative Exposure Therapy on torture survivors in the MENA region
Authors: Kirstine Viller Hansen Ane , Sloth Hansen-Nord Nete , Smeir Issam , Engelkes-Heby Lianne , Modvig Jens
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) is a brief cognitive-behavioural intervention for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which has mostly been used to treat traumatised asylum seekers and refugees in high-income settings. Evidence is scarce on the effectiveness of NET with torture survivors, especially in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region where health systems are unable to meet the increasing needs of mental health disorders caused by war and displacement. Click on pdf for full abstract.
World Psychiatric Association Declaration on Participation of Psychiatrists in Interrogation of Detainees
Authors: (WPA) World Psychiatric Association
Published: February 2018

Statement banning the participation of psychiatrists in interrogation procedures
Postpartum hemorrhage management, the importance of timing.
Authors: Claroni Claudia , Aversano Marco , Todde Cristina , Frigo Maria Grazia
Published: February 2018

Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as a blood loss equal to or greater than 500 ml, which can occur from 24 hours to six weeks after delivery. It is a critical event with a rapid and devastating evolution, which can quickly lead to maternal shock and death.Many efforts have been made to create international and multisectoral guidelines that allow to face an event that represents the cause of about one quarter of maternal deaths. It is crucial to create a team able to act promptly in accordance with shared protocols. The availability of shared guidelines and protocols and the organization of periodic simulations and teamwork training are part of the fundamental initiatives that can promote the safety of perinatal care.The purpose of this document is to give clinicians the tools to minimize the risks associated with inadequate management of hemorrhagic emergency, avoiding the risk of “too little or too late” and giving patients maximum safety.
Assessing intraspecific genetic diversity from community DNA metabarcoding data
Authors: Elbrecht Vasco , Vamos Ecaterina Edith , Steinke Dirk , Leese Florian
Published: February 2018

Background. DNA metabarcoding is used to generate species composition data for entire communities. However, sequencing errors in high throughput sequencing instruments are fairly common, usually requiring reads to be clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTU), loosing information on intraspecific diversity in the process.

Methods. This study combines sequence denoising strategies, normally applied in microbial research, with additional abundance based filtering to extract haplotypes from freshwater macroinvertebrate metabarcoding data sets. This novel approach is implemented in the R package "JAMP" and can be applied to Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) amplicon datasets. We tested our haplotyping method by sequencing i) a single-species mock community composed of 31 individuals with different haplotypes spanning three orders of magnitude in biomass and ii) 18 monitoring samples each amplified with four different primer sets and two PCR replicates.

Results. We detected all 15 haplotypes of the single specimens in the mock community with relaxed filtering and denoising settings. However, up to 480 additional unexpected haplotypes remained in both replicates. Rigorous filtering removes most unexpected haplotypes, but also can discard expected haplotypes mainly from the small specimens. In the monitoring samples, the different primer sets detected 177 - 200 OTUs, each containing an average of 2.40 to 3.30 haplotypes per OTU. Population structures were consistent between replicates, and similar between primer pairs, depending on the primer length. A closer look at abundant taxa in the data set revealed various population genetic patterns, e.g. Taeniopteryx nebulosa and Hydropsyche pellucidula with a difference in north-south haplotype distribution, while Oulimnius tuberculatus and Asellus aquaticus display no clear population pattern but differ in genetic diversity.

Discussion. We developed a strategy to infer intraspecific genetic diversity from bulk invertebrate samples using metabarcoding data. It needs to be stressed that at this point metabarcoding-informed haplotyping is not capable to capture the full diversity present in bulk samples, due to variation in specimen size, primer bias and loss of sequence variants with low abundance. Nevertheless, for a high number of species intraspecific diversity is recovered, identifying potentially isolated populations and potential taxa for further more detailed phylogeographic investigation. While we are currently lacking large-scale metabarcoding data sets to fully take advantage our new approach, metabarcoding-informed haplotyping holds great promise for biomonitoring efforts that not only seek information about biological diversity but also underlying genetic diversity.
Mitochondrial CoQ deficiency is a common driver of mitochondrial oxidants and insulin resistance
Authors: Fazakerley Daniel J , Chaudhuri Rima , Yang Pengyi , Maghzal Ghassan J , Thomas Kristen C , Krycer James R , Humphrey Sean J , Parker Benjamin L , Fisher-Wellman Kelsey H , Meoli Christopher C , Hoffman Nolan J , Diskin Ciana , Burchfield James G , Cowley Mark J , Kaplan Warren , Modrusan Zora , Kolumam Ganesh , Yang Jean YH , Chen Daniel L , Samocha-Bonet Dorit , Greenfield Jerry R , Hoehn Kyle L , Stocker Roland , James David E
Published: February 2018

Insulin resistance in muscle, adipocytes and liver is a gateway to a number of metabolic diseases. Here, we show a selective deficiency in mitochondrial coenzyme Q (CoQ) in insulin-resistant adipose and muscle tissue. This defect was observed in a range of in vitro insulin resistance models and adipose tissue from insulin-resistant humans and was concomitant with lower expression of mevalonate/CoQ biosynthesis pathway proteins in most models. Pharmacologic or genetic manipulations that decreased mitochondrial CoQ triggered mitochondrial oxidants and insulin resistance while CoQ supplementation in either insulin-resistant cell models or mice restored normal insulin sensitivity. Specifically, lowering of mitochondrial CoQ caused insulin resistance in adipocytes as a result of increased superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production via complex II. These data suggest that mitochondrial CoQ is a proximal driver of mitochondrial oxidants and insulin resistance, and that mechanisms that restore mitochondrial CoQ may be effective therapeutic targets for treating insulin resistance.
Quantifying Extremely Rapid Flux Enhancements of Radiation Belt Relativistic Electrons Associated With Radial Diffusion
Authors: Liu Si , Yan Qi , Yang Chang , Zhou Qinghua , He Zhaoguo , He Yihua , Gao Zhonglei , Xiao Fuliang
Published: February 2018

Previous studies have revealed a typical picture that seed electrons are transported inward under the drive of radial diffusion and then accelerated via chorus to relativistic energies. Here we show a potentially different process during the 2–3 October 2013 storm when Van Allen Probes observed extremely rapid (by about 50 times in 2 h) flux enhancements of relativistic (1.8–3.4 MeV) electrons but without distinct chorus at lower L‐shells. Meanwhile, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites simultaneously measured enhanced chorus and fluxes of energetic (∼100–300 keV) seed electrons at higher L‐shells. Numerical calculations show that chorus can efficiently accelerate seed electrons at L ∼ 8.3. Then radial diffusion further increased the phase space density of relativistic electrons throughout the outer radiation belts, with a remarkable agreement with the observation in magnitude and timescale. The current results provide a different physical scenario on the interplay between radial diffusion and local acceleration in outer radiation belt.
A Review of Alfvénic Turbulence in High‐Speed Solar Wind Streams: Hints From Cometary Plasma Turbulence
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. , Lakhina Gurbax S. , Sen Abhijit , Hellinger Petr , Glassmeier Karl‐Heinz , Mannucci Anthony J.
Published: February 2018

Solar wind turbulence within high‐speed streams is reviewed from the point of view of embedded single nonlinear Alfvén wave cycles, discontinuities, magnetic decreases (MDs), and shocks. For comparison and guidance, cometary plasma turbulence is also briefly reviewed. It is demonstrated that cometary nonlinear magnetosonic waves phase‐steepen, with a right‐hand circular polarized foreshortened front and an elongated, compressive trailing edge. The former part is a form of “wave breaking” and the latter that of “period doubling.” Interplanetary nonlinear Alfvén waves, which are arc polarized, have a ~180° foreshortened front and with an elongated trailing edge. Alfvén waves have polarizations different from those of cometary magnetosonic waves, indicating that helicity is a durable feature of plasma turbulence. Interplanetary Alfvén waves are noted to be spherical waves, suggesting the possibility of additional local generation. They kinetically dissipate, forming MDs, indicating that the solar wind is partially “compressive” and static. The ~2 MeV protons can nonresonantly interact with MDs leading to rapid cross‐field (~5.5% Bohm) diffusion. The possibility of local (~1 AU) generation of Alfvén waves may make it difficult to forecast High‐Intensity, Long‐Duration AE Activity and relativistic magnetospheric electrons with great accuracy. The future Solar Orbiter and Solar Probe Plus missions should be able to not only test these ideas but to also extend our knowledge of plasma turbulence evolution.