bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing Multi-center Flow Cytometry Data for Immune Monitoring
Authors: White Scott , Laske Karoline , Welters Marij J.P. , Bidmon Nicole , Van Der Burg Sjoerd H. , Britten Cedrik M. , Enzor Jennifer , Staats Janet , Weinhold Kent J. , Gouttefangeas Cέcile , Chan Cliburn
Published: June 2015

With the recent results of promising cancer vaccines and immunotherapy1 – 5, immune monitoring has become increasingly relevant for measuring treatment-induced effects on T cells, and an essential tool for shedding light on the mechanisms responsible for a successful treatment. Flow cytometry is the canonical multi-parameter assay for the fine characterization of single cells in solution, and is ubiquitously used in pre-clinical tumor immunology and in cancer immunotherapy trials. Current state-of-the-art polychromatic flow cytometry involves multi-step, multi-reagent assays followed by sample acquisition on sophisticated instruments capable of capturing up to 20 parameters per cell at a rate of tens of thousands of cells per second. Given the complexity of flow cytometry assays, reproducibility is a major concern, especially for multi-center studies. A promising approach for improving reproducibility is the use of automated analysis borrowing from statistics, machine learning and information visualization21 – 23, as these methods directly address the subjectivity, operator-dependence, labor-intensive and low fidelity of manual analysis. However, it is quite time-consuming to investigate and test new automated analysis techniques on large data sets without some centralized information management system. For large-scale automated analysis to be practical, the presence of consistent and high-quality data linked to the raw FCS files is indispensable. In particular, the use of machine-readable standard vocabularies to characterize channel metadata is essential when constructing analytic pipelines to avoid errors in processing, analysis and interpretation of results. For automation, this high-quality metadata needs to be programmatically accessible, implying the need for a consistent Application Programming Interface (API). In this manuscript, we propose that upfront time spent normalizing flow cytometry data to conform to carefully designed data models enables automated analysis, potentially saving time in the long run. The ReFlow informatics framework was developed to address these data management challenges.
Recherche de matière valorisable dans les déchets de phosphates de Hahotoé-kpogamé (Togo) : cas du gypse (CaSO4, 2H2o)
Authors: Zonvide Essey , Tchangbédji Gado , Jondo Koffi , Kili Koffi , Baba Gnon
Published: June 2015

La recherche de gypse dans les déchets phosphates issus du traitement du minerai de phosphates de Hahotoé-Kpogamé a été réalisée dans le but de réduire les impacts polluants et de valoriser au moins en partie ce qui peut l’être dans ces déchets. Les caractérisations physicochimiques ont révélé la présence des ions sulfate et du calcium dans ces déchets. Les teneurs des ions sulfate et du calcium sont respectivement de l’ordre de 1,5 % et 10 %. Les analyses par diffraction des rayons X et les analyses thermiques différentielle (ATD) et thermogravimétrique (ATG) ont permis de conclure que l’existence des ions sulfate et du calcium dans les déchets est due en partie a la présence du gypse.
Comparaison environnementale des systèmes de gestion des déchets solides municipaux. Analyse de cas de Yaoundé au Cameroun
Authors: Ngnikam Emmanuel , Rousseaux Patrick , Tanawa Émile , Gourdon Rémy
Published: June 2015

The evaluation of environmental impact of urban waste management systems is the objective of this work. The case of Yaounde is analysed in this paper. Four systems of management have been considered for the analyses. System 1 is the traditional collection and landfill disposal. In system 2 the biogas produced in the landfill is recovered to produce electricity. In systems 3 and 4, in addition to the collection, a centralised composting or biogas plant has been introduced before the landfill disposal of refuse. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), has proven more adapted to evaluate these four systems. The stages which have been studied are : the collection, the transportation, the treatment, the transportation of compost on a distance of 70 km, the landfill disposal of refuse. The analysis of the different outputs has allowed to take into account six impact classes allocated by the waste management systems studied. These impact classes constitute the environmental criteria taking into account the multicriteria analysis of the four systems. At the environmental level, system 2 has been shown as the most effective.

L’évaluation des incidences environnementales des systèmes de gestion des déchets urbains constitue l’objectif de ce travail. Le cas de la ville de Yaoundé au Cameroun a été spécifiquement analysé. Quatre systèmes de gestion ont servi de base aux analyses effectuées. Le système 1 est constitué par la collecte traditionnelle et la mise en décharge des déchets bruts. Dans le système 2 le biogaz qui est produit après la mise en décharge est récupéré pour produire de l’électricité. Les systèmes 3 et 4, considèrent après la collecte, une étape de traitement par compostage et méthanisation en réacteur et de mise en décharge des déchets ultimes. La méthode d’analyse de cycle de vie (ACV), a été utilisée pour évaluer ces quatre systèmes. Pour cela, les étapes suivantes ont été étudiées : la collecte, le transport, le traitement, le transport des sous-produits sur une distance de 70 km, la mise en décharge des résidus. L’analyse des différents rejets a permis de recenser six classes d’impact pour les systèmes de gestion des déchets étudiés. Ces classes d’impact constituent les critères environnementaux pour l’évaluation environnementale des quatre systèmes en utilisant les outils d’analyse multicritère. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que sur le plan environnemental, le système 2 se dégage comme le plus performant.
Une démarche intégrée pour la maîtrise de la gestion des déchets solides urbains au Cameroun
Authors: Ngnikam Emmanuel , Vermande Paul , Tanawa Mile , Wethe Joseph
Published: June 2015

Between 1993 and 1995, the main town of Cameroon been going through a multifaceted waste management crisis. This is observed at several domain: collecting, treatment and recycling. From this situation, the town planning laboratory of the national Engineering school of Yaoundé with the financial support of some councils and International Donator undertook some operation to solve definitively the problem. At the first time, our effort has been concentrated on Douala and Yaoundé town. This paper presented the main result. Another to defined the strategy of management of garbage, an evaluation of the global flow is hence proposed. It gives a global production of 920 tons of sol id wastes in Yaounde of which 800 tons are from households; and 1232 tons in Douala, 1000 tons coming from households. In Yaounde, one phase composting has been developed in some poor neighbourhoods. This seems to be a good alternative solution as most of the population is taking to it.

Entre 1993 et 1995, toutes les villes du Cameroun, comme la plupart des grandes villes d'Afrique ont été confrontées à une crise généralisée du système de collecte, de ramassage, de traitement et de recyclage des déchets urbains. Face à cette situation, le laboratoire aménagement urbain soutenu par des municipalités et des bailleurs de fonds internationaux a entrepris toute une série d'opérations devant contribuer à une solution durable des problèmes posés. Dans un premier temps les efforts ont été concentrés sur Douala (1,5 million d'habitants) et Yaoundé (1 million d'habitants). Cet article présente les principaux résultats obtenus tout en montrant en quoi les démarches adoptées sont spécifiques. Afin de définir une stratégie de gestion durable des déchets, une évaluation du flux globale a été effectuée. Elle donne une production globale de 920 t/j de déchets solides à Yaoundé dont 800 tonnes d'ordures ménagères (OM) et 1232 t/j à Douala dont 1000 tonnes d'OM. Parallèlement, le compostage rustique est développé dans les quartiers pauvres de la ville de Yaoundé et constitue une solution alternative que les populations se sont rapidement appropriées.
Caractérisation des ordures ménagères à Nouakchott : Partie II : Résultats en saison sèche et en saison humide
Authors: Aloueimine S. , Matejka G. , Zurbrugg C. , Sidi Mohamed M.
Published: June 2015

Characterization of the Nouakchott household solid waste stream destined for landfilling revealed a waste density of 0.41 kg/m3 and a moisture content of 9%, which is low compared to other countries. Generation rates averaged 0.21 kg per capita day?1 (0.19; 0.23 and 0.22 kg per capita day?1 respectively at the low, medium and the high income level). These rates do not show a relationship between income level and quantity of waste generated, and this is likely due to the contribution of fines in the waste stream. When the fines are neglected, there is a clear increase in per capita waste generation rate with income level (0.12; 0.15 et 0.18 kg per capita day?1 respectively for the low, the medium and the high income residents).The low generation rates of household waste in general in Nouakchott are due to the fact that the organic fraction of the waste stream is traditionally withheld for use as supplementary feed for domestic cattle. This practice constitutes source reduction, and when this waste stream is taken into account, the amount of household refuse produced in Nouakchott is about 0.35 kg per capita day?1, with generation rates of 0.30; 0.34 and 0, 40 kg per capita day?1 respectively at the low, medium and the high income levels. There were distinct seasonal variations, with a relatively significant increase in waste generation rates in the dry season compared to the wet one. The most important difference was obtained in the low income strata, where the dry season rates increased about +47% above levels in the wet season.

Caractérisées par une densité de 0,41 et une humidité moyenne très faible par rapport aux autres pays (9 %), les ordures ménagères à évacuer sont générées à Nouakchott en moyenne à raison de 0,21 kg/hab/j, soit 0,19 ; 0,23 et 0,22 kg/hab/j respectivement chez les ménages de revenu faible, moyen et élevé. Ces taux ne mettent pas en évidence la relation entre le niveau de vie et la quantité de déchets produite, mais cette situation est due à l’apport de la fraction des fines. En effet, si l’on néglige l’apport de cette dernière dans les trois standings, on constate une nette augmentation des ratios en fonction du niveau de vie des populations (0,12 ; 0,15 et 0,18 kg/hab/j).Ces faibles taux de génération des OM sont dus en général a la valorisation des déchets fermentescibles comme aliment de bétail au niveau des ménages. Si on tient compte de cette matière organique valorisée au niveau des ménages, ces ratios atteignent respectivement 0,30 ; 0,34 et 0,40 kg/hab/j, soit une production moyenne a Nouakchott de 0,35 kg/hab/j.Les variations saisonnières montrent une augmentation relativement importante de la production journalière en saison sèche par rapport à la saison humide, particulièrement dans les ménages du bas standing (+ 47 %).
Valorisation du verre à bouteille comme addition fine dans les bétons autoplaçants
Authors: Behim Mourad , Ali Boucetta Tahar
Published: June 2015

In the region of Annaba (Algeria), the colored glass bottles are not sorted or recycled. It should be noted that in some countries like Canada, the recycling of colored glass bottles is not currently viable; the storage would be cheaper [Oxford Brookes University, 2004]. But, the valorization of glass bottles in the concrete could constitute an interesting ecological and economical alternative, allowing the removal of bulky waste and pollutants and their qualification as a new source of building materials. Technically, glass bottles contain significant amounts of alkalis that can cause detrimental effects to concrete in relation to alkali-silica or alkali-aggregate reaction if the glass is used in coarse form. In the other hand, many authors [Chen et al, 2006] agree that the glass causes a beneficial behaviour associated with the pozzolanic reaction when used in powder form. Indeed, our work is a contribution to the valorization of powder glass bottles for substituting the limestone filler traditionally used as an addition in self compacting concrete (SCC). The results obtained show a beneficial behaviour of glass powder on the characteristics, of fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete to a dosage of 30 to 60% compared to the mass of cement.

Dans la région d’Annaba (Algérie), les bouteilles en verre coloré ne sont ni triées ni recyclées. Il faut signaler aussi que dans certains pays comme le Canada, le recyclage des bouteilles en verre coloré n’est pas viable actuellement, son entreposage coûterait moins cher [Oxford Brookes University, 2004]. Cependant, la valorisation du verre à bouteille dans le béton pourrait constituer une alternative écologique et économique intéressante, permettant l’élimination de décharges encombrantes et polluantes et sa qualification comme une nouvelle source de matériaux de construction. Sur le plan technique, les verres à bouteille contiennent des quantités importantes d’alcalin pouvant entraîner des effets préjudiciables sur le béton en relation avec les réactions alcali-silice ou alcali-granulat si le verre est utilisé sous forme granulaire. Par contre, de nombreux auteurs [Chen et al, 2006] conviennent que le verre entraîne un comportement bénéfique associé à la réaction pouzzolanique s’il est utilisé sous forme de poudre. En effet notre travail est une contribution à la valorisation du verre à bouteille sous forme de poudre en remplacement du filler calcaire traditionnellement utilisé comme addition dans les bétons autoplaçants (BAP). Les résultats obtenus montrent un comportement bénéfique de la poudre de verre sur les caractéristiques des bétons autoplaçants aussi bien à l’état frais qu’à l’état durci pour un dosage allant de 30 à 60 % par rapport à la masse du ciment.
Subduction or delamination beneath the Apennines? Evidence from regional tomography
Authors: Koulakov I. , Jakovlev A. , Zabelina I. , Roure F. , Cloetingh S. , El Khrepy S. , Al-Arifi N.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. In this study we present a new regional tomography model of the upper mantle beneath Italy and the surrounding area derived from the inversion of travel times of P and S waves from the updated International Seismological Centre (ISC) catalogue. Beneath Italy, we identify a high-velocity anomaly which has the appearance of a long, narrow "sausage" with a steeply dipping part down to a depth of 400 km and then expanding horizontally over approximately 400 km. Rather than to interpret it as a remnant of the former Tethyan oceanic slab, we consider that it is made up of the infra continental lithospheric mantle of Adria, which is progressively delaminated, whereas its overlying crust becomes progressively accreted into the Apenninic tectonic wedge.
Bedreigende rap en de kunstexceptie
Authors: Bakker Sven , van de Wetering Veerle
Published: June 2015

Threatening rap and the ‘exceptio artis’

In several Dutch criminal cases rap artists have invoked the ‘exceptio artis’ as a ground for justification in court. In this article Bakker and Van de Wetering research the possibilities of successful appeals in such cases. Both the meaning and scope of the ‘exceptio artis’ are taken into consideration, consulting the literature and ECtHR case law on article 10 ECHR. Furthermore the contribution also deals with Dutch case law on the ‘exceptio artis’ and rap lyrics that were held punishable so as to clarify the seldom discussed relationship between rap and the ‘exceptio artis’.
Het werk van de familierechercheur: een bron van stress of een bron van persoonlijke groei?
Authors: Saan Marieke , Bollen Lidewij , Kunst Maarten
Published: June 2015

Working as a family liaison officer: a source of stress or a source of personal growth?

Dutch family liaison officers inform and support trauma victims or their relatives. Recent studies suggest that professionals working with trauma victims may develop work-related stress. However, other studies have shown that professionals can also develop personal growth from their experiences with traumatized persons. This study was the first to investigate to what extent Dutch family liaison officers experience work-related stress or personal growth. Results suggest that the majority of the respondents experience no or very low levels of work-related stress. Levels of personal growth appear to be rather low as well, but seem to be more broadly dispersed. These findings suggest that Dutch family liaison officers are able to cope with the potentially negative effects of their work and even experience positive outcomes from working with traumatized persons. In spite of this, many participants provided suggestions for further improvement of their work practices.
De regelgevende bevoegdheid van zelfstandige bestuursorganen, mede in het licht van het EU-recht
Authors: Broeksteeg J.L.W.
Published: June 2015

De regelgevende bevoegdheid van zelfstandige bestuursorganen, mede in het licht van het EU-recht

Dit artikel onderzoekt de democratische en rechtsstatelijke inbedding van zbo’s, in het bijzonder ten aanzien van hun regelgevende bevoegdheden en in het licht van de Europese regelgeving over zbo’s. Artikel 124c Ar bepaalt dat regelgevende bevoegdheden uitsluitend aan zbo’s worden toegekend voor zover het organisatorische of technische onderwerpen betreft, of indien voorzien is in goedkeuring door de minister. De praktijk is weerbarstiger: een aanzienlijk gedeelte van de zbo’s beschikt over regelgevende bevoegdheden die verder lijken te gaan dan hetgeen artikel 124c Ar bepaalt. Daar komt bij dat zbo’s onder grote EU-invloed staan en langs die weg regelgevende bevoegdheid krijgen toegekend. Zij moeten, op grond van Europese regelgeving, bovendien onafhankelijk zijn van nationale autoriteiten. Het gevolg is een concentratie van bevoegdheden bij deze zbo’s, buiten het bereik van (nationale) parlementaire controle. Deze zbo’s ‘zweven’ tussen het Europese en het nationale bestuur. Beter zou het zijn de fundamentele keuze te maken om de staatsrechtelijke inbedding, de inrichting en de bevoegdheidstoedeling meer over te laten aan de lidstaten, dan wel om deze zbo’s in te richten als (nationale dependances van) Europese agencies. Dan kunnen de zbo’s beter worden ingebed in democratische en rechtsstatelijke structuren.
Sea surface and subsurface circulation dynamics off equatorial Peru during the last ~17 kyr
Authors: Nürnberg Dirk , Böschen Tebke , Doering Kristin , Mollier‐Vogel Elfi , Raddatz Jacek , Schneider Ralph
Published: June 2015

The complex deglacial to Holocene oceanographic development in the Gulf of Guayaquil (Eastern Equatorial Pacific) is reconstructed for sea surface and subsurface ocean levels from (isotope) geochemical proxies based on marine sediment cores. At sea surface, southern sourced Cold Coastal Water and tropical Equatorial Surface Water/Tropical Surface Water are intimately related. In particular since ~10 ka, independent sea surface temperature proxies capturing different seasons emphasize the growing seasonal contrast in the Gulf of Guayaquil, which is in contrast to ocean areas further offshore. Cold Coastal Water became rapidly present in the Gulf of Guayaquil during the austral winter season in line with the strengthening of the Southeast Trades, while coastal upwelling off Peru gradually intensified and expanded northward in response to a seasonally changing atmospheric circulation pattern affecting the core locations intensively since 4 ka BP. Equatorial Surface Water, instead, was displaced and Tropical Surface Water moved northward together with the Equatorial Front. At subsurface, the presence of Equatorial Under Current‐sourced Equatorial Subsurface Water was continuously growing, prominently since ~10–8 ka B.P. During Heinrich Stadial 1 and large parts of the Bølling/Allerød, and similarly during short Holocene time intervals at ~5.1–4 ka B.P. and ~1.5–0.5 ka B.P., the admixture of Equatorial Subsurface Water was reduced in response to both short‐term weakening of Equatorial Under Current strength from the northwest and emplacement by tropical Equatorial Surface Water, considerably warming the uppermost ocean layers.
Electromagnetic interaction with uniaxial metamaterials
Authors: Tedeschi N. , Frezza F. , Sihvola A.
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the reflection behavior of a particular class of metamaterials, strongly connected with the realization of the DB boundary conditions (so called due to the vanishing of the normal components of the D and B fluxes) and the soft and hard (SH) boundary conditions, is presented. The metamaterial under study is modeled as an anisotropic, uniaxial, material with both permittivity and permeability dyadics. We consider several characteristics of such medium: presenting the critical angle of total transmission for the SH/DB material, analyzing its behavior as a function of the longitudinal permittivity and permeability, for both positive and negative values, and presenting its applications to the electromagnetic absorbers and to the polarization inverters.
Assessing the relative influence of surface soil moisture and ENSO SST on precipitation predictability over the contiguous United States
Authors: Yoon Jin‐Ho , Leung L. Ruby
Published: June 2015

This study assesses the relative influence of soil moisture memory and tropical sea surface temperature (SST) in seasonal rainfall over the contiguous United States. Using observed precipitation, the NINO3.4 index, and soil moisture and evapotranspiration simulated by a land surface model for 61 years, analysis was performed using partial correlations to evaluate to what extent land surface and SST anomaly of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can affect seasonal precipitation over different regions and seasons. Results show that antecedent soil moisture is as important as concurrent ENSO condition in controlling rainfall anomalies over the U.S., but they generally dominate in different seasons with SST providing more predictability during winter while soil moisture, through its linkages to evapotranspiration and snow water, has larger influence in spring and early summer. The proposed methodology is applicable to climate model outputs to evaluate the intensity of land‐atmosphere coupling and its relative importance.
Direct atmospheric evidence for the irreversible formation of aqueous secondary organic aerosol
Authors: El‐Sayed Marwa M. H. , Wang Yingqing , Hennigan Christopher J.
Published: June 2015

The reversible nature of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) formation was characterized for the first time through direct atmospheric measurements. Water‐soluble organic carbon in the gas and particle phases (WSOCg and WSOCp) was measured simultaneously to quantify aqSOA formation in Baltimore, Maryland. During the nighttime, aqSOA formation was evident as WSOCg increasingly partitioned to the particle phase with increasing relative humidity (RH). To characterize the reversible/irreversible nature of this aqSOA, the WSOCp measurement was alternated through an unperturbed ambient channel and through a “dried” channel maintained at ~40% RH (with 7 s residence time) to mimic the natural drying particles undergo throughout the day. Across the entire RH range encountered, there was no statistically significant difference in WSOCp concentrations through the dry and ambient channels, indicating that the aqSOA remained in the condensed phase upon the evaporation of aerosol water. This strongly suggests that the observed aqSOA was formed irreversibly.
Dynamic modeling of a multiple hearth furnace for kaolin calcination
Authors: Eskelinen Aleksi , Zakharov Alexey , Jämsä‐Jounela Sirkka‐Liisa , Hearle Jonathan
Published: June 2015

A dynamic model of a multiple hearth kaolin calciner has been developed and is presented in this article. This model describes the physical‐chemical phenomena taking place in the six furnace parts: the solid phase, gas phase, walls, cooling air, rabble arms, and the central shaft. The solid phase movement, in particular, is described by a novel mixing model. The mixing model divides the solid bed in a hearth into volumes and the distribution of their contents, after one full central shaft rotation, is identified by the pilot experiments. First, the model is validated by the industrial data, and then the dynamics of the multiple hearth furnace is studied by introducing step changes to the three manipulated variables: the feed rate, and the gas, and air flows supplied. The responses of the gas phase temperature and solid bed component profiles are analysed and the results are discussed. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3683–3698, 2015
Mitochondria as targets of drug toxicity: Lessons from the R118 phase I experience
Authors: Brass EP , Hoppel CL
Published: June 2015

Solely the dose determines that a thing is not a poison.

—Paracelsus 1493–15411

Low Wang et al. report the results of the phase I program for R118 in this issue.2 R118 was designed as an activator of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) to treat claudication. The single ascending dose study in healthy subjects was characterized by an unacceptable number of serious adverse events and substantial risk to the participants. The probable mitochondrial mechanism underlying these adverse events suggests important lessons for future drug development.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Coordination Polymers with Layered Transition‐Metal Thiocyanato Networks
Authors: Werner Julia , Tomkowicz Zbigniew , Reinert Thorben , Näther Christian
Published: June 2015

Reaction of 4‐tert‐butylpyridine (tBP) with transition‐metal thiocyanates leads to the formation of compounds of composition [M(NCS)2(tBP)4] [M = Mn (1‐Mn), Fe (1‐Fe), Co (1‐Co), Ni (1‐Ni)] that consist of discrete complexes, in which the metal centers are octahedrally coordinated by two terminal thiocyanato anions and four tBP ligands. If less tBP is used in the synthesis, two compounds of composition [M(NCS)2(tBP)2]n with M = Co (2‐Co) and Ni (2‐Ni) are obtained, in which the metal centers are linked into a 2D network by single thiocyanato anions. Thermal decomposition of 1‐Co leads to the formation of an additional modification of [Co(NCS)2(tBP)2] (3‐Co). Magnetic measurements of 2‐Ni and 2‐Co reveal that 2‐Ni shows a ferromagnetic phase transition at Tc = (14.8 ± 0.1) K and 2‐Co shows a transition to the magnetic state with uncompensated magnetic moment at (3.15 ± 0.03) K.
An Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance of a Polymer‐Based Flat Heat Pipe
Authors: Shi Bo , Wang Yi‐Biao , Shan Ying‐Jie
Published: June 2015

A polymer‐based flat heat pipe (PFHP) was fabricated. The heat transfer performance was measured and analyzed when deionized (DI) water and acetone were used as the working fluid, separately. Input power ranging from 2.8 W to 14.2 W was provided to the evaporator section while the device was at different filling ratios. Experimental results revealed that, when the polymer‐based flat heat pipe was laid in a horizontal position, the thermal resistance (1.02 K/W) was much smaller than that (4.6 K/W) of a copper plate with the same thickness at the thermal power of 10.3 W and the value decreased as the tilt angle changed from 0° to 90°.
Effects of physical exercise on survival after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Wiskemann Joachim , Kleindienst Nikolaus , Kuehl Rea , Dreger Peter , Schwerdtfeger Rainer , Bohus Martin
Published: June 2015

Observational studies have suggested that physical activity may be associated with improved survival after cancer treatment. However, data from controlled clinical trials are required. We analyzed survival data of 103 patients from a previously published randomized controlled trial in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients who were randomized to either an exercise intervention (EX) or to a social contact control group. EX patients trained prior to hospital admission, during inpatient treatment, and for 6–8 weeks after discharge. Survival analyses were used to compare both total mortality (TM) and non‐relapse mortality (NRM) after discharge and transplantation during an observation period of 2 years after transplantation. Analyses were corroborated with Cox and Fine & Gray regression models adjusting for potential confounders. After discharge, EX patients had a significantly lower TM rate than controls (12.0 vs. 28.3%, p = 0.030) and a numerically lower NRM rate (4.0 vs. 13.5%, p = 0.086). When the inpatient period was included, absolute risk reductions were similar but not significantly different (TM: 34.0 vs. 50.9%, p = 0.112; NRM: 26.0 vs. 36.5%, p = 0.293). The number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one death with EX was about 6. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed that baseline fitness was protective against mortality. The data suggest that exercise might improve survival in patients undergoing allo‐HCT. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as the study was not designed to detect differences in survival rates, and as no stratification on relevant prognostic factors was carried out.
Propensity score‐based survival benefit of simultaneous liver‐kidney transplant over liver transplant alone for recipients with pretransplant renal dysfunction
Authors: Sharma Pratima , Shu Xu , Schaubel Douglas E. , Sung Randall S. , Magee John C.
Published: June 2015

The survival benefit of simultaneous liver‐kidney transplantation (SLKT) over liver transplantation alone (LTA) is unclear from the current literature. Additionally, the role of donor kidney quality, measured by the kidney donor risk index (KDRI), in survival benefit of SLKT is not studied. We compared survival benefit after SLKT and LTA among recipients with similar pretransplant renal dysfunction using novel methodology, specifically with respect to survival probability and area under the survival curve by dialysis status and KDRI. Data were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. The study cohort included patients with pre–liver transplantation (LT) renal dysfunction who were wait‐listed and received either a SLKT (n = 1326) or a LTA (n = 4283) between March 1, 2002 and December 31, 2009. Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting–SLKT and LTA survival curves, along with the 5‐year area under the survival curve, were computed by dialysis status at transplant. The difference in the area under the curve represents the average additional survival time gained via SLKT over LTA. For patients not on dialysis, SLKT resulted in a significant 3.7‐month gain in 5‐year mean posttransplant survival time. The decrease in mortality rate differs significantly by KDRI, and an estimated 76% of SLKT recipients received a kidney with KDRI sufficiently low for mortality. The mortality decrease for SLKT was concentrated in the first year after transplant. The difference between SLKT and LTA 5‐year mean posttransplant survival time was 1.4 months and was nonsignificant for patients on dialysis. In conclusion, the propensity score‐adjusted survival among SLKT and LTA recipients was similar for those who were on dialysis at LT. Although statistically significant, the survival advantage of SLKT over LTA was of marginal clinical significance among patients not on dialysis and occurred only if the donor kidney was of sufficient quality. These results should be considered in the ongoing debate regarding the allocation of kidneys to extra‐renal transplant candidates. Liver Transpl 22:71‐79, 2016. © 2015 AASLD.
Plume and Plate Tectonics Model for Formation of some Proterozoic Basins of India along Contemporary Mobile Belts: Mahakoshal – Bijawar, Vindhyan and Cuddapah Basins
Authors: Mishra D. C.
Published: June 2015

Proterozoic basins in India mostly belong to two periods, viz. Paleo-Mesoproterozoic (~1.9-1.6 Ga) and Meso-Neoproterozoic (1.1-0.7 Ga) periods that show a long hiatus of ~0.5 Ga between the upper and the lower groups. We have considered Mahakoshal – Bijawar, lower Vindhyan and lower Cuddapah (Cuddapah Supergroup) basins in the former group while the latter consists of upper Vindhyan, and upper Cuddapah (Kurnool) basins. They mostly occur along the contemporary Proterozoic collision zones and are sub parallel to them. The Mahakoshal and Bijawar Supergroups occur along the Satpura Mobile Belt (SMB) and Bundelkhand craton, respectively with Bundelkhand craton as basement and are overlain by the Vindhyan Supergroup of rocks along the SMB. They are almost sub-parallel to the mobile bet, SMB. The Cuddapah Supergroup of Paleoproterozoic period and the Kurnool Group of Neoproterozoic period of Cuddapah basin occur along the Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt (EGMB). Based on the exposed contemporary dyke swarms and sills of mafic and ultramafic rocks that are exposed far apart and their extent sub-surface based on geophysical data, it is suggested that a large plume/superplume existed during Paleoproterozoic period (~1.9 Ga) under the Indian continent. It was responsible for the breakup (rifting) of the then cratons and provided margins for deposition of the former older group of rocks with shelf type of sediments and large scale mafic/ultramafic intrusives. The latter younger groups formed during subsequent convergence in Meso-Neoproterozoic period (~1.1-0.7 Ga) as foreland basins on the stable platform of the rifted cratons. That largely explains their undisturbed nature and absence of magmatic rocks. This convergence also caused large scale deformation as folds and faults in the former group of rocks as they collided with adjoining cratons and formed orogenic belts of that time. In the above examples, the Mahakoshal, Bijawar, lower Vindhyan and lower Cuddapah basins of Paleoproterozoic period formed during the rifting phase due to the plume/superplume while the upper Vindhyan and upper Cuddapah (Kurnool) basins of Neoproterozoic period formed during subsequent convergence as foreland basins. As they formed during different stages of plate tectonics viz. rifting and convergence, they show long hiatus of 0.5-0.6 Ga between the older and the younger groups. The same plume/superplume at 1.9 Ga might also be responsible for the breakup of the contemporary Columbia supercontinent as rocks of similar ages have been reported from other parts of this supercontinent.
Integrated Litho-ichnofacies and Ichnofabric Analysis of the Lowermost Part of the Kunzum La Formation along the Khemangar khad and the Parahio Valley Sections, Spiti Region (Zanskar-Spiti-Kinnaur Basin), Northwest Himalaya, India
Authors: Virmani Nancy , Singh Birendra P. , Gill Aman
Published: June 2015

The Cambrian sequence, designated as the Kunzam La Formation, is exposed along the classical Parahio Valley section and also on left bank of the Khemangar khad in the Parahio Valley (Spiti), the latter constitutes the lowermost exposed part of the Kunzum La Formation. The lower part of the Parahio Valley section and outcrop near the left bank of the Khemangar khad were studied for integrated litho-ichnofacies and ichnofabric analysis. The study establishes a genetic relationship of the strata of these two localities. Five lithofacies are recognised in both the examined sections. The lithofacies indicate a wave-dominated shallow marine environment of deposition for these Cambrian rocks. The overall calculated ichnofabric indices in 74 m exposed strata at the Khemangar khad locality range from ii1=80.5% (represented by 25.8 m), ii2= 17% (represented by 5.4 m) and ii4=2.5 % (represented by 0.8 m). The 42 m rocks examined in the main Parahio Valley section indicate ichnofabric indices ranging from ii1=37% (represented by 17.8 m), ii2=21% (represented by 8.0 m), ii3=40% (represented by 15.2 m) and ii4=2.0% (represented by 1.0 m). The presence of archetypal Cruziana ichnofacies, parallel and wavy laminations, hummocky cross stratification (HCS) and trough cross stratification (TCS) supports a wave-dominated shallow water environment from upper shoreface to middle-lower shoreface setup for the deposition of the lowermost part of the Kunzum La Formation in the Parahio Valley.
Fossil Charcoal as Palaeofire Indicators: Taphonomy and Morphology of Charcoal Remains in Sub-surface Gondwana Sediments of South Karanpura Coalfield
Authors: Mahesh S. , Murthy Srikanta , Chakraborty B. , Roy M. D.
Published: June 2015

Macroscopic charcoal is recovered from the sub-surface sediments from Bore core SKB-1 which intersected Barren Measure Formation and Raniganj Formation of South Karanpura coalfield. These charcoal particles are widely accepted to be of palaeowildfire products and this study contributes to the Middle and Late Permian wildfire data of Indian peninsula. In the present investigation the charcoal particles are studied using reflected light, transmitted light and Scanning Electron microscopy to document their anatomical structure, morphology and temperature of formation. The inertinite reflectance data reveal that these charcoals were formed at a temperature of 600° C which is evident by the homogenized cell walls as homogenization takes place at temperatures above 500° C. Petrographic analysis reveals high inertinite content and the calculated Gelification Index and Tissue preservation Index suggest that the sediments from which the charcoal particles were retrieved were deposited in a dry forest swamp which was conducive for the forest fire to propagate as the forest litter provided the fuel load. The morphological characters of charcoal were utilized in delineating its taphonomy and it indicates that they are hypautochthonous in nature.
Geochronological Study of Metasediments and Carbon Isotopes in Associated Graphites from the Sargur Area, Dharwar Craton: Constraints on the Age and Nature of the Protoliths
Authors: Maibam B. , Sanyal P. , Bhattacharya S.
Published: June 2015

207Pb/206Pb ages of detrital zircons from the graphite bearing metasediments of the Sargur area are determined using ion microprobe to constrain the probable depositional age. Zircon ages of the samples range from 2.3 to 2.8 Ga which are close to the reported metamorphic ages in the vicinity. Absence of older age (Mesoarchaean >3.0 Ga) in these samples suggest that detrital zircons from the Sargur supracrustal unit has been reset by younger post-depositional metamorphic processes and probably reflect a craton-wide Paleoproterozoic event. The graphites from these samples vary in concentration of carbon as well as in 13C/12C isotopic ratio. The range of δ13C values of graphites indicates organic origin suggesting the existence of bio-organisms in the Sargur area during the Paleoproterozoic period.
Lasers in stapes surgery: a review
Authors: Young E , Mitchell-Innes A , Jindal M
Published: June 2015

Background:

Lasers in stapes surgery are used to divide the anterior and posterior crus of the stapes, divide the stapedius tendon and perforate the footplate. The ideal laser should not penetrate deeply into the perilymph (thereby increasing its temperature). It should be conducted through optical fibres, allowing easy manipulation, and should have good water absorption, equating to high bone ablation efficiency.

Objectives:

This review discusses the various different lasers used in stapes surgery with regard to their properties and suitability for this type of surgery. In particular, the laser parameters used are discussed to facilitate their clinical use.
The Valley of Dantig and the myth of exile and return
Authors: Galambos Imre , van Schaik Sam
Published: June 2015

The valley of Dantig in Amdo plays a central role in Tibetan Buddhist historical literature as the place where the monastic code was maintained during the tenth century after the dissolution of the monasteries in central Tibet. This article shows that a manuscript (now kept at the British Library) carried by a Chinese pilgrim monk through this region in the 960s, which mentions Dantig, is the only direct documentary evidence of Tibetan monastic culture in this region at this time. The authors also show how the nameDantig, which has been previously unexplained, derives from theSudāna Sūtra, a Buddhist narrative of exile and return that is directly relevant to the aspirations of the refugee monks from central Tibet who settled in the region.
Multicomponent dipeptide hydrogels as extracellular matrix-mimetic scaffolds for cell culture applications
Authors: Liyanage Wathsala , Vats Kanika , Rajbhandary Annada , Benoit Danielle S. W. , Nilsson Bradley L.
Published: June 2015

Fmoc-3F-Phe-Arg-NH2 and Fmoc-3F-Phe-Asp-OH dipeptides undergo coassembly to form two-component nanofibril hydrogels.
Solid state transformation of the crystalline monohydrate (CH3NH3)PbI3(H2O) to the (CH3NH3)PbI3 perovskite
Authors: Imler Gregory H. , Li Xia , Xu Bolei , Dobereiner Graham E. , Dai Hai-Lung , Rao Yi , Wayland Bradford B.
Published: June 2015

Crystals of (CH3NH3·H2O)PbI3 spontaneously transform to the black (CH3NH3)PbI3 perovskite as a porous microcrystalline solid. The dihydrate (CH3NH3)4PbI6·2H2O) requires more forcing conditions to produce (CH3NH3)PbI3.
Emerging approaches for the synthesis of triazoles: beyond metal-catalyzed and strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Lima Carolina G. S. , Ali Akbar , van Berkel Sander S. , Westermann Bernhard , Paixão Márcio W.
Published: June 2015

Organocatalytic click reactions to 1,4- and 1,5-disubstituted triazoles are rapidly emerging as most valuable alternatives to other triazole-forming protocols. Here the latest developments are discussed leading to intriguing synthetic possibilities.
Pyrimidine and s-triazine as structural motifs for ordered adsorption on Si(100): a first principles study
Authors: Ng Wilson K. H. , Liu J. W. , Liu Zhi-Feng
Published: June 2015

Kinetically controlled chemisorption of s-triazine on Si(100) at low temperature would produce an ordered zig-zag pattern, according to DFT calculations.
Systematic investigation of phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines, and their aza-analogues. Effect of the isosteric aza-replacement in the core
Authors: Novakova Veronika , Reimerova Petra , Svec Jan , Suchan Daniel , Miletin Miroslav , Rhoda Hannah M. , Nemykin Victor N. , Zimcik Petr
Published: June 2015

A series of zinc complexes of phthalocyanines, naphthalocyanines and their aza-analogs was studied and compared using UV-vis and MCD spectra, molecular calculations, and photophysical and electrochemical measurements.
Polyoxoanions assembled by the condensation of vanadate, tungstate and selenite: solution studies and crystal structures of the mixed metal derivatives (NMe4)2Na2[WVI4VV2O19]·8H2O and (NMe4)4.83[(SeIV WVI4.57VV4.43O33)2(WVI(O)(H2O))(VVO)2.6]·10.57H2O
Authors: Abramov Pavel A. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Izarova Natalia V. , Vicent Cristian , Zhdanov Artem A. , Kompankov Nikolay B. , Gutsul Tatiana , Sokolov Maxim N.
Published: June 2015

The reaction of SeO32−/WO42−/VO43− gives a complex mixture of Lindqvist W–V anions and larger Se–W–V containing POMs.
Well-defined high refractive index poly(monothiocarbonate) with tunable Abbe's numbers and glass-transition temperatures via terpolymerization
Authors: Luo Ming , Zhang Xing-Hong , Du Bin-Yang , Wang Qi , Fan Zhi-Qiang
Published: June 2015

Poly(monothiocarbonate) with tunable Abbe's number and glass-transition temperature is synthesized via terpolymerization of COS with propylene oxide and cyclohexene oxide.
Enhanced reverse saturable absorption of electrostatic self-assembled layer by layer films containing (8-quinolineoxy-5-sulfonic acid)phthalocyanine cobalt and graphene oxide
Authors: Chen Bowen , He Chunying , Song Weina , Zhao Cheng , Gao Yachen , Chen Zhimin , Dong Yongli , Wu Yiqun , Li Rong
Published: June 2015

The 25-bilayer CoPc/GO film was fabricated through electrostatic self-assembled layer by layer (LBL) technique, and it exhibits strong reverse saturable absorption (RSA) effect with the input intensity of 1.16 μJ.
Preparation of poly(ionic liquids)-functionalized polypyrrole nanotubes and their electrocatalytic application to simultaneously determine dopamine and ascorbic acid
Authors: Mao Hui , Zhang Haifeng , Liang Jiachen , Liu Daliang , Wu Shuyao , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yuyang , Wu Qiuhua , Zhang Guolin , Song Xi-Ming
Published: June 2015

Novel poly(ionic liquids)-functionalized polypyrrole nanotubes presented an excellent performance for simultaneous determination to DA and AA.
Modified chitosan coated mesoporous strontium hydroxyapatite nanorods as drug carriers
Authors: Filippousi M. , Siafaka P. I. , Amanatiadou E. P. , Nanaki S. G. , Nerantzaki M. , Bikiaris D. N. , Vizirianakis I. S. , Van Tendeloo G.
Published: June 2015

Strontium hydroxyapatite nanorods were loaded with two different model drugs and encapsulated in a modified chitosan polymeric matrix for potential applications in the field of drug delivery.
Reduction of Fermi level pinning and recombination at polycrystalline CdTe surfaces by laser irradiation
Authors: Simonds Brian J. , Kheraj Vipul , Palekis Vasilios , Ferekides Christos , Scarpulla Michael A.
Published: June 2015

Laser processing of polycrystalline CdTe is a promising approach that could potentially increase module manufacturing throughput while reducing capital expenditure costs. For these benefits to be realized, the basic effects of laser irradiation on CdTe must be ascertained. In this study, we utilize surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) to investigate the changes to the electronic properties of the surface of polycrystalline CdTe solar cell stacks induced by continuous-wave laser annealing. The experimental data explained within a model consisting of two space charge regions, one at the CdTe/air interface and one at the CdTe/CdS junction, are used to interpret our SPS results. The frequency dependence and phase spectra of the SPS signal are also discussed. To support the SPS findings, low-temperature spectrally-resolved photoluminescence and time-resolved photoluminescence were also measured. The data show that a modest laser treatment of 250 W/cm2 with a dwell time of 20 s is sufficient to reduce the effects of Fermi level pinning at the surface due to surface defects.
Template-assisted selective epitaxy of III–V nanoscale devices for co-planar heterogeneous integration with Si
Authors: Schmid H. , Borg M. , Moselund K. , Gignac L. , Breslin C. M. , Bruley J. , Cutaia D. , Riel H.
Published: June 2015

III–V nanoscale devices were monolithically integrated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates by template-assisted selective epitaxy (TASE) using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Single crystal III–V (InAs, InGaAs, GaAs) nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanostructures containing constrictions, and cross junctions, as well as 3D stacked nanowires were directly obtained by epitaxial filling of lithographically defined oxide templates. The benefit of TASE is exemplified by the straightforward fabrication of nanoscale Hall structures as well as multiple gate field effect transistors (MuG-FETs) grown co-planar to the SOI layer. Hall measurements on InAs nanowire cross junctions revealed an electron mobility of 5400 cm2/V s, while the alongside fabricated InAs MuG-FETs with ten 55 nm wide, 23 nm thick, and 390 nm long channels exhibit an on current of 660 μA/μm and a peak transconductance of 1.0 mS/μm at VDS = 0.5 V. These results demonstrate TASE as a promising fabrication approach for heterogeneous material integration on Si.