bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metamodel-Interpreted Data Mining for Stability and Efficiency Enhancement of Multistage Axial-Flow Compressors
Authors: Zhang Xiawen , Ju Yaping , Li Zhen , Liu Feng , Zhang Chuhua
Published: September 2022

The tradeoff between higher efficiency and wider stability of performance map is still one of the bottlenecks to hamper the further research and development of advanced multistage axial-flow compressor. The recent rapid growth of computational resources and artificial intelligence has enabled data mining as one of the most effective and potential ways to gain a deep insight into the complex correlations between aerodynamic performance and three-dimensional geometry parameters. In the open literatures, however, few research works have been found on using the data mining that is independent of design optimization to extract priori design guidelines for multistage axial-flow compressor mainly due to the lack of proper data mining method focused on the interpretation of metamodel with full use of limited time-consuming computational fluid dynamics dataset. To tackle this issue, a metamodel-interpreted data mining framework is developed in which extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) metamodel combined with Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) model are employed to locally interpret the feature importance of each sample in the computational fluid dynamics dataset and then extract the design guidelines in terms of the most influential geometry parameters and their beneficial variation directions. The developed method is applied to data mining of design guidelines for efficiency and stability enhancement of a front 3.5-stage transonic axial-flow compressor in ship-board gas turbine usage. The results show that the aerodynamic performance of the investigated multistage compressor is most sensitive to three-dimensional geometry parameters related to blade lean, blade twist, and variable stators. Specially, the variable stators mainly affect the stall margin at part speed. The blade lean mainly influences the adiabatic efficiency at design speed as well as the stall margin at both speeds, while the blade twist mainly influences the aerodynamic performance at design speed. New designs followed by the design guidelines are obtained and critical performance indicators related to the goals of the data mining task are verified. The stall margin at part speed is widened to 5.87% with adjustment of blade lean and twist and further to 23.31% with additional adjustment of variable stators. The peak adiabatic efficiency at design speed is improved by 0.06% in spite of extremely limited potential for efficiency enhancement of the original design. The present work is of scientific significance as well as industrial application value in the three-dimensional design optimization of advanced multistage axial-flow compressor at the affordable computational cost.
Modeling and Simulation of Whole Air Supply System for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Under Dynamic Operating Conditions
Authors: Vu Hoang Nghia , Yu Sangseok
Published: September 2022

In proton-exchange membrane fuel cells, the air supply system provides desired air characteristics for the fuel cell stack, significantly affecting stack performance. This study analyzes the system by modeling and simulation responses under dynamic operating conditions. The model includes a compressor, a cooler, and an external humidifier in a series. Different air mass flow rates that represent demand changes were simulated in the compressor model, including extreme conditions under compressor surge. Then, the air temperature was reduced in the cooler by exchanging heat to coolant flow before reaching the humidifier. Lastly, the humidification model presents heat and mass transfer between wet air from the cathode exhaust to the supply air through a bundle of membranes. Simulation results were observed in MATLAB/Simulink, which predicted the changes in supply air characteristics and effects of load changes to the system. Higher load requires more flow rate and higher compressor speed, leading to lower water content in the cathode air. Due to low flow rate and high pressure, a compressor surge could cause an unstable cathode air supply.
Effects of Geometrical Parameters on Heat Transfer Enhancement in V-Spirally Corrugated Tube
Authors: Chen Xin-ji , Wang Feng-lei , Yang Chen , Jin Zhi-jiang , Qian Jin-yuan
Published: September 2022

The utilization of V-spirally corrugated tubes has attracted the attention of many researchers recently. As typical enhancement techniques of heat transfer, they combined the merits of roughness, turbulators and enhanced surface. This paper mainly studies the influence of depth ratio (DR = 0.039–0.199), pitch ratio (PR = 2.37–4.77), and various numbers of starts (N = 4,6) on the flow and heat transfer behavior of V-spirally corrugated tubes in the turbulent flow region (10000 ⩽ Re ⩽ 40000). It employs numerical simulation techniques to obtain the heat transfer performance and resistance characteristics. A comparison is made between enhanced tubes and smooth tube considering evaluation parameters, including Nusselt number ratio and fraction factor. On the basis of investigated results, an analysis is made to distinguish the merits and disadvantages of the new-design enhanced tubes on the flow and heat transfer behavior. The computational results reveal that they enhance heat transfer to varying degrees, and the fluid fields differ. Both the six-start V-spirally corrugated tube and four-start V-spirally corrugated tube have larger Nusselt number than smooth tube under the same working condition and the six-start is better. The Nusselt number increases as Reynolds number increases or pitch decreases. Besides, the six-start V-spirally corrugated tube with depth ratio = 0.118 has the largest Nusselt number, which is larger than smooth tube by around 31.3%.
Numerical Simulation of Multiple Bubble Interaction During Flow Boiling in Microchannels
Authors: Rahman Dewan , Mukherjee Abhijit
Published: September 2022

A numerical study has been performed to analyze the wall heat transfer mechanisms during growth of multiple vapor bubbles inside a microchannel. The microchannel is of 200 μm square cross section and multiple vapor bubble begins to grow at once and after delay on the walls, with liquid coming in through the channel inlet. The complete Navier-Stokes equations along with continuity and energy equations are solved using the SIMPLER method. The liquid vapor interface is captured using the level set technique. It can be seen that the second bubble which is far from the inlet always got bigger than the first one. When the second bubble nucleates 0.0549 ms after the first one, both bubbles grow almost to the same size. The numerical results show that bubbles with the lowest contact angle resulted in the highest wall heat transfer. Finally, a comparative study was done between single bubble and two bubbles inside a microchannel. wall heat transfer is better when two bubbles do not merge together compared to the single bubble and when they do merge.
On H1–H2 as an acoustic measure of linguistic phonation type
Authors: Chai Yuan , Garellek Marc
Published: September 2022

The measure H1–H2, the difference in amplitude between the first and second harmonics, is frequently used to distinguish phonation types and to characterize differences across voices and genders. While H1–H2 can differentiate voices and is used by listeners to perceive changes in voice quality, its relation to voice articulation is less straightforward. Its calculation also involves practical issues with error propagation. This paper highlights some developments in the use of H1–H2 and proposes a new measure that we call “residual H1.” In residual H1, the amplitude of the first harmonic is normalized against the overall sound energy (as measured by root mean square energy) instead of against H2. Residual H1 may mitigate some of the issues with using H1–H2. The current study tests the correlation between residual H1 and electroglottographic contact quotient (CQ) and compares the ability of residual H1 vs H1–H2 to differentiate statistically across phonation types in !Xóõ and utterance-level changes in phonatory quality in Mandarin. The results show that residual H1 has a stronger correlation with CQ and differentiates contrastive and allophonic phonatory quality better than H1–H2, particularly for more constricted phonation types.
Ultrasound characterization of the viscoelastic properties of additively manufactured photopolymer materials
Authors: Gattin Max , Bochud Nicolas , Rosi Giuseppe , Grossman Quentin , Ruffoni Davide , Naili Salah
Published: September 2022

Photopolymer-based additive manufacturing has received increasing attention in the field of acoustics over the past decade, specifically towards the design of tissue-mimicking phantoms and passive components for ultrasound imaging and therapy. While these applications rely on an accurate characterization of the longitudinal bulk properties of the materials, emerging applications involving periodic micro-architectured media also require the knowledge of the transverse bulk properties to achieve the desired acoustic behavior. However, a robust knowledge of these properties is still lacking for such attenuating materials. Here, we report on the longitudinal and transverse bulk properties, i.e., frequency-dependent phase velocities and attenuations, of photopolymer materials, which were characterized in the MHz regime using a double through-transmission method in oblique incidence. Samples were fabricated using two different printing technologies (stereolithography and polyjet) to assess the impact of two important factors of the manufacturing process: curing and material mixing. Overall, the experimentally observed dispersion and attenuation could be satisfactorily modeled using a power law attenuation to identify a reduced number of intrinsic ultrasound parameters. As a result, these parameters, and especially those reflecting transverse bulk properties, were shown to be very sensitive to slight variations of the manufacturing process.
Influence of Self-Reported Concussion History and a Dual-Task Paradigm on Multidirectional Gait and Cognitive Performance of Athletes
Authors: Talarico Maria K. , Brancaleone Matthew P. , Berezne Kayla E. , Onate James A. , Boucher Laura C.
Published: September 2022

Single-task assessments may not identify lingering effects following a concussion that may be detected under dual-task (DT) paradigms. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a novel DT paradigm and concussion history on gait and cognitive performance. Hockey and rugby club college athletes (n = 26) completed a box drill and the color and word Stroop test under single task and DT. Distance ambulated around the box, response rate, and accuracy were recorded to calculate dual-task cost. Mean comparisons and linear mixed-effects regression models were performed. Compared to athletes with no concussion history, those with a history had a greater motor than cognitive dual-task cost and were 3.15% less accurate in Stroop responses (p < .01). Athletes walked 0.72-m shorter distance under DT compared to single task (p = .04). A multidirectional, low-tech DT assessment may highlight long-term motor and cognitive deficits among athletes with a concussion history, which will provide valuable information to prepare and track performance within an athletic season.
The Sleep Parameters of Paralympic Athletes: Characteristics and Assessment Instruments
Authors: Grade Isadora , Andrade Henrique , Guerreiro Renato , Stieler Eduardo , da Silva Flavia R. , da Silva Hesojy G.V. , Vital Roberto , Resende Renan A. , Gonçalves Dawit A.P. , Andrade André G. , de Mello Marco T. , Silva Andressa
Published: September 2022

Context: Sleep serves many important functions for athletes, particularly in the processes of learning, memory, recovery, and cognition. Objectives: Define the sleep parameters of Paralympic athletes and identify the instruments used to assess and monitor sleep Paralympic athletes. Evidence Acquisition: This systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA guidelines. The survey was conducted in April 2020, the searches were carried out again in September 2021 to check whether there were new scientific publications in the area of sleep and Paralympic sport, searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (BIREME), and SciELO. This systematic review has included studies that investigated at least one of the following sleep parameters: total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype; the participants were comprised of athletes with disabilities. Studies published at any time in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were included. Evidence Synthesis: Data extraction and study selection were performed by 2 researchers independently, and a third author was consulted as necessary. The search returned a total of 407 studies. Following the screening based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 13 studies were considered. Paralympic athletes have a low amount (7.06 h) of sleep with poor quality and sleep latency (28.05 min), and 57.2% have daytime sleepiness, with the majority belonging to the indifferent chronotype (53, 5%). Moreover, 11 studies assess sleep using subjective instruments (questionnaires), and 2 studies used an objective instrument (actigraphy). Conclusions: Sleep disorders are common among Paralympic athletes, poor sleep quality and quantity, and high rates of daytime sleepiness. Subjective methods are most commonly used to assess sleep.
Wide-angle seismic reflections reveal a lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary zone in the subducting Pacific Plate, New Zealand
Authors: Herath Pasan , Stern Tim A. , Savage Martha K. , Bassett Dan , Henrys Stuart
Published: September 2022

New wide-angle seismic reflection data from offshore New Zealand show that the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is more structured than previously thought. Three distinct layers are interpreted within a 10- to 12-km-thick LAB zone beginning at a depth of ≈70 km: a 3 (±1)–km-thick layer at the bottom of the lithosphere with a P-wave (
V
P
) azimuthal anisotropy of 14 to 17% and fast azimuth subparallel to the direction of absolute plate motion and a 9 (±2)–km-thick, low
V
P
channel with a P-wave–to–S-wave velocity ratio (
V
P
/
V
S
) of >2.8 in the upper 7 km of the channel and 1.8 to 2.6 in the lower 2 km of the channel. The high
V
P
/
V
S
ratios indicate that this channel may contain 3 to 20% partial melt that facilitates decoupling of the lithosphere from the asthenosphere and reduces resistance for plate motion. Furthermore, the strong azimuthal anisotropy above the low-velocity layer suggests localization of strain due to melt accumulation.
Selective dehydrogenation of small and large molecules by a chloroiridium catalyst
Authors: Wang Kuan , Gan Lan , Wu Yuheng , Zhou Min-Jie , Liu Guixia , Huang Zheng
Published: September 2022

The dehydrogenation of abundant alkane feedstocks to olefins is one of the mostly intensively investigated reactions in organic catalysis. A long-standing, pervasive challenge in this transformation is the direct dehydrogenation of unactivated 1,1-disubstituted ethane, an aliphatic motif commonly found in organic molecules. Here, we report the design of a diphosphine chloroiridium catalyst for undirected dehydrogenation of this aliphatic class to form valuable 1,1-disubstituted ethylene. Featuring high site selectivity and excellent functional group compatibility, this catalytic system is applicable to late-stage dehydrogenation of complex bioactive molecules. Moreover, the system enables unprecedented dehydrogenation of polypropene with controllable degree of desaturation, dehydrogenating more than 10 in 100 propene units. Further derivatizations of the resulting double bonds afford functionalized polypropenes.
Dysregulated stem cell niches and altered lymphocyte recirculation cause B and T cell lymphopenia in WHIM syndrome
Authors: Zehentmeier Sandra , Lim Vivian Y. , Ma Yifan , Fossati Julia , Ito Takeshi , Jiang Yawen , Tumanov Alexei V. , Lee Ho-Joon , Dillinger Lukas , Kim Jihyun , Csomos Krisztian , Walter Jolan E. , Choi Jungmin , Pereira João P.
Published: September 2022

Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in CXCR4 cause WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome, characterized by infections, leukocyte retention in bone marrow (BM), and blood leukopenias. B lymphopenia is evident at early progenitor stages, yet why do CXCR4 GOF mutations that cause B (and T) lymphopenia remain obscure? Using a CXCR4 R334X GOF mouse model of WHIM syndrome, we showed that lymphopoiesis is reduced because of a dysregulated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transcriptome characterized by a switch from an adipogenic to an osteolineage-prone program with limited lymphopoietic activity. We identify lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) as a critical pathway promoting interleukin-7 (IL-7) down-regulation in MSCs. Blocking LTβR or CXCR4 signaling restored IL-7 production and B cell development in WHIM mice. LTβR blocking also increased production of IL-7 and B cell activating factor (BAFF) in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), increasing B and T cell numbers in the periphery. These studies revealed that LTβR signaling in BM MSCs and SLO stromal cells limits the lymphocyte compartment size.
Supplemental Material: Advanced two- and three-dimensional insights into Earth’s oldest stromatolites (ca. 3.5 Ga): Prospects for the search for life on Mars
Authors: Hickman-Lewis Keyron , al. et
Published: September 2022

Methods, Figures S1–S16, and Table S1.  
Erratum to: Deferrivibrio essentukiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Representative of Deferrivibrionaceae fam. nov., Isolated from the Subsurface Aquifer of Caucasian Mineral Drinking Waters
Authors: Zavarzina D. G. , Prokofeva M. I. , Pikhtereva V. A. , Klyukina A. A. , Maslov A. A. , Merkel A. Yu. , Gavrilov S. N.
Published: September 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026261722700011
Cavitary lung nodules as an extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Paul Nicole , Lazarev Mark , Montemayor Kristina , Horne Alexandra J
Published: September 2022

A man in his 30s with ulcerative colitis (UC) on immunosuppressive agents and extensive travel history presented with subacute dyspnoea and dry cough. CT of the chest demonstrated numerous cavitary pulmonary nodules. An extensive infectious, malignant and autoimmune evaluation was pursued, ultimately with histopathology most consistent with necrobiotic lung nodules as an extraintestinal manifestation of UC. Steroids and ustekinumab were initiated with improvement in symptoms and resolution of cavitary lesions on follow-up imaging. In a patient with inflammatory bowel disease and cavitary lung lesions, necrobiotic lung nodules should be considered, particularly when evaluation for infectious causes is negative.
Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for low back pain in adolescent athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wall Julia , Meehan William P , Trompeter Katharina , Gissane Conor , Mockler David , van Dyk Nicol , Wilson Fiona
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the incidence, prevalence, risk factors and morphological presentations of low back pain (LBP) in adolescent athletes.

Design

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

Data sources

Medline, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Studies evaluating the incidence and/or prevalence of LBP in adolescent athletes across all sports.

Results

There were 80 studies included. The pooled incidence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 11% (95% CI 8% to 13%, I2=0%) for 2 years, 36.0% (95% CI 4% to 68%, I2=99.3%) for 12 months and 14% (95% CI 7% to 22%, I2=76%) for 6 months incidence estimates. The pooled prevalence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 42% (95% CI 29% to 55%, I2=96.6%) for last 12 months, 46% (95% CI 41.0% to 52%, I2=56%) for last 3 months and 16% (95% CI 9% to 23%, I2=98.3%) for point prevalence. Potential risk factors were sport participation, sport volume/intensity, concurrent lower extremity pain, overweight/high body mass index, older adolescent age, female sex and family history of LBP. The most common morphology reported was spondylolysis. Methodological quality was deemed high in 73% of cross-sectional studies and in 30% of cohort studies. Common reasons for downgrading at quality assessment were use of non-validated survey instruments and imprecision or absence of LBP definition.

Summary/conclusion

LBP is common among adolescent athletes, although incidence and prevalence vary considerably due to differences in study methodology, definitions of LBP and data collection.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020157206.
Short-term Electricity Price Forecasting Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and Deep Neural Network
Authors: Bao Gang , Liu Yikai , Xu Rui
Published: September 2022

Accurate short-term price forecasting is crucial for the power system and electricity market. This paper proposes a hybrid short-term electricity price forecasting model based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and deep neural network (DNN). Firstly, EMD is used to denoise the data set. Next, the reconstructed data are input into the DNN composed of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to analyze the characteristics and output the prediction results. Finally, the superiority of this model is verified by comparing the electricity price data of the Australian electricity market with a single LSTM network, EMD-CNN model, and CNN-LSTM model.
A Co-training Algorithm by Predicting Confidence of Unlabeled Neighbors
Authors: Song Xiaoling , Liu Huan , Feng Yuelei , Xiong Jiang , Luo Yuan
Published: September 2022

As a prominent semi-supervised learning algorithm, co-training can make full use of a few labeled samples as well as a quantity of unlabeled samples to train robust classifiers, thus it is widely researched in the last decades. However, there are still two severe problems in existing co-training methods: firstly, data used in co-training needs at least two sufficient and redundant views, but few practical datasets can meet it. Secondly, because there are a few labeled samples in the initial stage, the initial classifiers trained by co-training are usually too weak to correctly label unlabeled samples, which may bring in noisy labels for the following training process. To deal with these problems, we propose a co-training algorithm by predicting confidence of unlabeled neighbors (termed LCN-CoTrain). Specifically, LCN-CoTrain first defines an entropy-based view division method to generate redundant views. Meanwhile, LCN-CoTrain introduces a novel labeling confidence prediction strategy, which takes the nearest unlabeled neighbors into consideration when calculating the labeling confidence of a certain sample. To validate the efficiency of our proposed LCN-CoTrain algorithm, we experiment on four UCI datasets and compare LCN-CoTrain with several representative co-training methods. The experimental results indicate that our proposed LCN-CoTrain can learn robust classifiers and outperform most of baseline methods.
Quasi-cyclic and generalized quasi-cyclic codes and uniqueness of their generators
Authors: Abualrub Taher , Seneviratne Padmapani
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we use a novel approach to describe generator polynomials of quasi-cyclic (QC) and generalized QC (GQC) codes over finite fields. Our study of QC- and GQC-codes will be general and not only restricted to one-generator codes. We prove that generator polynomials of QC-codes and GQC-codes are unique. Further, we use our results to obtain an expression for the dimensions of QC-codes and GQC-codes. As an application of our construction of these codes, we obtain many optimal linear codes over finite fields [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].
Different words, same message
Authors: Yaffe Philip
Published: September 2022

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.

All good writers (and by extension public speakers) who stop to reflect on what makes them so good generally come to the same conclusions. However, the way they express these common conclusions can be quite different. One formulation of a key idea may strike a responsive chord with one reader but not with another. To improve one's writing and speaking skills, it is therefore useful, in fact imperative, to seek out and evaluate the advice of at least two or more professionals.
Parametric Study of the Influence of Support Type, Presence of Platinum on Support, and Ionomer Content on the Microstructure of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers
Authors: Kariuki Nancy N. , Haug Andrew T. , Park Jae H. , Lindell Matthew J. , Myers Deborah J.
Published: September 2022

Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) was employed to investigate the effects of carbon support type, the presence of platinum on carbon, and ionomer loading on the microstructure of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) catalyst layers (CLs). Particle size distributions (PSDs), obtained from fitting the measured scattering data were used to interpret the size of carbon aggregates (40–300 nm) and agglomerates (>400 nm) from two-component carbon/ionomer and three-component platinum/carbon/ionomer CLs. Two types of carbon supports were investigated: high surface area carbon (HSC) and Vulcan XC-72. CLs with a range of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer to carbon (I/C) ratios (0.2–1.2) and also with perfluoroimide acid (PFIA) ionomer were studied to evaluate the effect of ionomer on CL microstructure. The carbon type, the presence of platinum, and ionomer loading were all found to significantly impact carbon agglomeration. The extent of Pt/C agglomeration in the CL was found to increase with increasing ionomer and platinum concentration and to decrease with increasing carbon surface area. Platinum electrochemically-active surface area (ECSA) and local oxygen transport resistance (RnF) were correlated to the CL microstructure to yield relationships affecting electrode performance.
An Analytical Approximation for the Ionomer Film Model in PEMFC
Authors: Jahnke Thomas , Baricci Andrea
Published: September 2022

The ionomer film and its transport resistances for oxygen are considered to be an important aspect for PEMFC performance. Ionomer film sub-models are therefore frequently used in PEMFC modeling to account for this effect. Mathematically these are expressed by a non-linear equation for the oxygen concentration, which depending on the reaction order cannot be solved analytically. Typically, a numerical solution of this equation, e.g., using the Newton-method is needed. Here, we derive a highly accurate approximate analytical solution for the ionomer film model. This enables faster computation, which is particularly important for computationally demanding higher dimensional PEMFC models.
ECS News - Fall 2022
Authors: Ortiz Jennifer
Published: September 2022

Visit ECS News for the latest on webinars, publications, meetings, fellowships and awards, and career development.
Tech Highlights - Fall 2022
Authors: Galloway Joshua , Schindelholz Mara , McNulty David , Karuppaiah Chock , Pile Donald
Published: September 2022

A collection of technology highlights pulled from recent papers published in ECS journals.
Lithium-Ion Batteries and their Impact on our Lives
Authors: Koenig Gary M. , Liu Nian
Published: September 2022

This issue of Interface features three examples of technologies that have or will impact our lives that have relied on the advances in battery technology provided by LIBs. The three articles each describe broad areas that have been impacted by the advantages of LIBs. These topics are human health, traction, and aviation. Each of these areas have and will impact our lives, and there are multiple examples where LIBs have enabled the application or process that is highlighted.
Microstructural, Optical, and Work Function Tuning of Fullerene (C60) Modified Zinc Oxide Films for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Pandey Anand , Garg Ashish , Kumar Lokendra
Published: September 2022

Here, we report the synthesis of pristine and fullerene (C60) modified zinc oxide (ZnO) films by the sol-gel method. Various compositions of C60 ranging from pristine to 0.25 wt%, 0.50 wt%, and 1.00 wt% have been chosen for the modification of ZnO film. The incorporation of C60 in pristine ZnO films modifies its structural, surface morphological, optical, and electrical properties. Structural characterization suggests that pristine and C60 modified ZnO films exhibit Wurtize crystal structure. Surface morphological characterization demonstrates that incorporation of C60 into ZnO leads to the formation of spherical nano-particles which varies on the doping of C60. The properties of C60 doped ZnO films show a reduction in the bandgap values from 3.11 eV to 2.73 eV with enhanced optical absorption and photoluminescence properties. Further, the surface potential and work function of pristine and C60 incorporated ZnO films, as investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) show tuning of Fermi level in pristine and C60 modified ZnO films. The work function of the ZnO films changes from −4.38 eV to −4.46 eV on the incorporation of C60. The variations in work function may be due to reduced microstructural and localized defects offered during the incorporation of C60. Also, C60 modified ZnO Schottky diodes exhibited enhanced carrier mobility with better charge transport properties.
A Study of Fiscal Expenditure Structure and Green Economic Growth Effects: A Sample from Asian Economies
Authors: Gong Chi , Wan Yizi
Published: September 2022

The structure of fiscal expenditure in China has been suffering from over‐reliance on a single type, while synchronisation and coordination with economic growth are lacking. This paper studies and analyses fiscal expenditure and green from a theoretical perspective. There is a close link between the structure of fiscal expenditure and green economic growth, and a reasonable and appropriate selection and allocation is conducive to promoting the overall development level of China, while financial resources input is a key consideration in optimising the structure of fiscal expenditure. This paper proposes hypotheses and establishes a regression model after an in‐depth study of fiscal expenditure in a provincial economy in Asia in the light of domestic and international literature. Through empirical analysis, a green GDP reflecting economic growth and environmental pollution is synthesised using the principle of output per unit of pollution, and the impact of fiscal expenditure structure on green economic growth in China is empirically tested.
Analytical Solution of the Fractional Linear Time-Delay Systems and their Ulam-Hyers Stability
Authors: Mahmudov Nazim I.
Published: September 2022

We introduce the delayed Mittag-Leffler type matrix functions, delayed fractional cosine, and delayed fractional sine and use the Laplace transform to obtain an analytical solution to the IVP for a Hilfer type fractional linear time-delay systemD0,tμ,νzt+Azt+Ωzt−h=ftof order1<μ<2and type0≤ν≤1, with nonpermutable matricesAandΩ. Moreover, we study Ulam-Hyers stability of the Hilfer type fractional linear time-delay system. Obtained results extend those for Caputo and Riemann-Liouville type fractional linear time-delay systems with permutable matrices and new even for these fractional delay systems.
Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Identified IL2/STAT5 Signaling Pathway as an Important Determinant of Peri-Implantitis
Authors: Tang Li , Zhou Hailun , Chen Donghui , Xiang Rong , Tang Jianjia
Published: September 2022

Objective. Peri-implantitis (PI) is one of the main reasons for dental implant failure. Until now, the etiology and pathogenesis of PI remain unclear. Methods. In this study, we used differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and gene function enrichment analysis to assess the expression profile of peri-implant bone tissue and gingiva in PI public data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we used gingival tissues from patients with PI and healthy individual to construct gene coexpression networks to reveal the biological functions of the genes in PI using RNA sequencing data. Afterward, key gene modules were selected to reveal the critical biological process or signaling pathway using Hallmark’s gene enrichment and expression analysis of the related pathway members in PI. Results. DEGs were enriched in the formation of cellular responses to external stimuli in bone tissue. Cytokine production, lymphocyte activation, immune response-regulating signaling pathway, and blood vessel development were the top GO biology process or pathways of the DEGs in gingival tissue. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) of RNA-seq data was used to assess the results of correlation analysis between modules and traits and correlation analysis between modules and functions. kMEpurple, kMEgreen, and kMEred modules were selected as the key gene modules. Signaling pathways and gene expression analysis were performed on selected modules, such as IL2/STAT5 signaling pathway, TNFα signaling pathway via NFκB, and angiogenesis were enriched in kMEpurple module. Hedgehog signaling pathway, Wnt β-catenin signaling pathway, and IL2/STAT5 signaling pathway were enriched in kMEgreen module. Peroxisome, IL2/STAT5 signaling pathway, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation process were enriched in kMEred module. All the enrichment results of key modules contained IL2/STAT5 signaling pathway. Conclusion. Differential gene and enrichment analysis based on public data showed differences in gene expression patterns and biological process between bone and gingival tissues in PI. This spatial-temporal heterogeneity is reflected in the formation of cellular responses to external stimuli, which was enriched in bone tissue, but cytokine production, lymphocyte activation, immune response regulating signaling pathway, and blood vessel development were enriched in gingival tissue. WGCNA and Hallmark gene sets enrichment analysis of the gingival tissue expression profile and showed that IL2-mediated activation of immune cells could be a critical mechanism in PI. As a new clinical treatment alternative, we suggest that IL2/STAT5 pathway blockers could be helpful in the treatment of PI.
Application Research of Humanistic Care and Situational Integration in Nursing of Schizophrenia in Recovery Period
Authors: Zhang Yanhua
Published: September 2022

Objective. To formulate corresponding nursing humanistic care measures according to the needs of patients, evaluate the intervention effect of patients, and provide reference for nursing staff to better provide nursing humanistic care for patients with schizophrenia in convalescence. Methods. Using the random number table method, 110 inpatients with convalescent schizophrenia were randomly divided into the control group (n = 55) and the experimental group (n = 55). The sample t‐test was used to compare the changes of patient insight, treatment attitude, rehabilitation efficacy, and negative emotion score before and after nursing humanistic nursing intervention, and analyze the effect of nursing humanistic care intervention. Results. Nursing satisfaction: the nursing satisfaction of the experimental group increased from 84.6% to 96.2%, after intervention, satisfaction of the experimental group was 96.2% higher than that of 86.5% of the control group. Conclusion. Nursing intervention measures based on needs of nursing humanistic care can improve nursing satisfaction, insight and treatment attitude of patients, enhance recovery effect of patients, reduce negative emotions of patients, and benefit recovery of patients’ conditions.
Analysis of Guzheng Music Style Transformation Based on Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: September 2022

With the emergence of more and more new music styles, Guzheng, a traditional national musical instrument that has been handed down for thousands of years, also faces new challenges. However, with the development of the times and aesthetics, composers have created various modern Guzheng music, thus injecting new vitality into the development of Guzheng. In order to study the mutual conversion between Guzheng music and other music, this paper proposes a Guzheng music conversion model based on Star generative adversarial networks (GAN), which can convert any length of music and realize the music conversion between various styles. Based on the idea of star GAN, this model uses Mel spectrum of music and random target style tags to train a general generator to generate a specified music style. It is found that the model proposed in this paper has better conversion effect between similar styles of music; that is, when Guzheng music is converted into pop and flute, the effect is the best, the average accuracy is 89.62% and 90.32%, respectively, and the cosine similarity is also 15.8 and 20.5.
Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Analysis of the Dynamics of Eyring-Powell Fluid due to Convection Subject to Thermal Stratification and Heat Generation Effect
Authors: Kejela Solomon Bati , Adula Emiru Rufo
Published: September 2022

In the present study, the effect of thermal stratification and heat generation in the boundary layer flow of the Eyring-Powell fluid over the stratified extending surface due to convection has been investigated. The governing equations of the flow are transformed from partial differential equations into a couple of nonlinear ordinary differential equations via similarity variables. The optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) is used to acquire the approximate analytical solution to the problems. Impacts of flow regulatory parameters on temperature, velocity, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number are examined. It is discovered that the fluid velocity augments with a greater value of material parameter

E

, mixed convection parameter

λ

, and material fluid parameter

σ

. The result also revealed that with a higher value of the Prandtl number Pr and the stratified parameter

ε

, the temperature and the velocity profile decreases, but the opposite behavior is observed when the heat generation/absorption parameter

γ

increases. The results are compared with available literature and are in good harmony. The present study has substantial ramifications in industrial, engineering, and technological applications, for instance, in designing various chemical processing equipment, distribution of temperature and moisture over agricultural fields, groves of fruit trees, environmental pollution, geothermal reservoirs, thermal insulation, enhanced oil recovery, and underground energy transport.
Alterations of Microorganisms in Tongue Coating of Gastric Precancerous Lesion Patients with a Damp Phlegm Pattern
Authors: Xiao Xiangqun , Zhang Renling , Lu Junhong , Xu Yifeng , Zhu Zhujing , Wang Yiqin , Shi Yaxiang , Hao Yiming
Published: September 2022

Objective. In the research, the microbial changes in the tongue coating of patients with a damp phlegm pattern of gastric precancerous lesion (GPL) were investigated. Methods. This was a case‐control study, in which 80 tongue coating samples were collected including 40 patients with a damp phlegm pattern of GPL, 20 patients with a nondamp phlegm pattern of GPL, and 20 healthy control people. The 16S rRNA microbiome technology was used to analyze the alterations of microorganisms in tongue coating of GPL patients with a damp phlegm pattern. Results. Microorganisms in the genus level were analyzed. Compared with the healthy control group, the relative abundance of 4 microorganisms (Solobacterium, Rothia, Oribacterium, and Alloprevotella) in the GPL group was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of 10 microorganisms (Terrisporobacter, Solobacterium, Porphyromonas, Parvimonas, Lactobacillus, Johnsonella, Gemella, Fusibacter, Azoarcus, and Acidothermus) in the GPL damp phlegm pattern group was significantly lower than that in the GPL nondamp phlegm pattern group (P < 0.05). In the comparison of phenotype “forms biofilms,” the relative abundance of microorganisms in the GPL group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). In the comparison of phenotype “contains mobile elements,” the relative abundance of microorganisms in the GPL damp phlegm pattern group was significantly lower than that in the GPL nondamp phlegm pattern group (P < 0.05). In the comparison of microbial metabolic functions, the abundance ratio of “infectious diseases: bacterial” in the GPL group was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). The abundance ratio of the “excretory system” and “folding, sorting, and degradation” in the GPL group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Solobacterium may be a marker microorganism of the GPL damp phlegm pattern. The differential phenotype of microorganisms in tongue coating of the GPL damp tongue pattern is mainly reflected in “forms biofilms” and “contains mobile elements.”
Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Regional Microgrid considering Large-Scale Access of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Cheng Yiling , Peng Chen , Ma Fumin , Zeng Deliang , O’Hare Gregory M. P.
Published: September 2022

In recent years, renewable energy, especially photovoltaic (PV) generation, has been widely applied in commercial and residential areas, forming the structure of regional microgrids (MG). On the other hand, as large-scale electric vehicles (EVs) are connected to the regional MG, their disordered charging and discharging will enable extremely bad effects. However, most of the existing scheduling strategies focused on a single MG or considered the MG as a single node, ignoring the characteristics of different subareas. To address these limitations, we propose an optimal scheduling strategy considering large-scale access of EVs based on the typical regional MG composed of commercial and residential subareas, combining the power consumption characteristics of the two subareas and the travel characteristics of EVs. This strategy is mainly to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging of EVs in each subarea, combined with the real-time deployment of excess PV energy, so as to realize the overall scheduling of the regional MG. Numerical results show that EVs store electric energy during valley hours and output electric energy during peak hours. Furthermore, compared with no scheduling method, the proposed strategy reduces the whole-day electricity bills of the regional MG.
Improvement Strategy at Pedestrian Bottleneck in Subway Stations
Authors: Luo Wei , Wang Yi , Jiao Pengpeng , Wang Zehao
Published: September 2022

The bottleneck normally refers to a narrowed region that decreases the flow, which is the key limiting factor in the pedestrian flow in the subway station. Due to the confined space, pedestrians are frequently forced to gather together at bottlenecks, which could not only limit the pedestrians’ efficiency and comfort but also cause serious crowd catastrophes such as stampedes. Optimization techniques for crowd congestion in subway stations should be investigated. This study proposed and demonstrated a set of optimization methods using conduction field experiments. The effects of passing time, traffic efficiency, speed, and density were explored using different design models. Results showed that optimization methods such as the design with a 45° funnel, broken guardrail, concaves, and column on the left had significant optimal effects. The optimization methods used in this study would help to implement bottlenecks in subway stations and provide design suggestions to subway designers.
Spatial Numerical Simulation of Locally Corroded Steel Plate Girder with Various End Panels
Authors: Khurram Nauman , Akmal Usman , Azhar Fatima , Salmi Abdelatif , Hameed Asif , Tamura Hiroshi , Mohamed Abdullah
Published: September 2022

Field inspections indicate that corrosion damages steel bridge girders more at the ends as compared to the central region. Any significant loss of metal around the bearing region of the girder may cause an abrupt change of failure behavior and strength loss. The present numerical study is focused to evaluate the response of local corrosion damage at steel plate girder, with different end panels, that is, no end post, nonrigid, and rigid end post. Local corrosion damage was considered by reducing the bearings stiffener and adjacent web uniformly for a maximum damage depth of 100 mm with various corrosion damage levels (i.e., 75%, 50%, and 25%). The numerical analysis was performed on a computer package ABAQUS, using modified Riks analysis. A 4‐node shell element (S4R) with reduced integration was used to simulate the model. The study concludes that local corrosion damage is more critical in nonrigid end post than in rigid end post. Furthermore, the steel girder with no end post is more susceptible to crippling failure due to local corrosion damage as compared to the other types of end post.
Willis Lecture: Biomarkers for Inflammatory White Matter Injury in Binswanger Disease Provide Pathways to Precision Medicine
Authors: Rosenberg Gary A.
Published: September 2022

Binswanger disease is the small vessel form of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Deposition of Alzheimer disease proteins can begin in midlife and progress slowly, whereas aging of the vasculature also can begin in midlife, continuing to progress into old age, making mixed dementia the most common type of dementia. Biomarkers facilitate the early diagnosis of dementias. It is possible to diagnose mixed dementia before autopsy with biomarkers for vascular disease derived from diffusor tensor images on magnetic resonance imaging and Alzheimer disease proteins, Aβ (amyloid β), and phosphorylated tau, in cerebrospinal fluid or in brain with positron emission tomography. The presence of vascular disease accelerates cognitive decline. Both misfolded proteins and vascular disease promote inflammation, which can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid by the presence of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases), angiogenic growth factors, and cytokines. MMPs disrupt the blood-brain barrier and break down myelin, producing Binswanger disease’s 2 main pathological features. Advances in detecting biomarkers in plasma will provide early detection of dementia and aided by machine learning and artificial intelligence, will enhance diagnosis and form the basis for early treatments.
Novel Approach to Visualize Microglia Death and Proliferation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice
Authors: Ye Fenghui , Yang Jinting , Hua Ya , Keep Richard F. , Xi Guohua
Published: September 2022

Background:

Microglia are important brain immune cells. However, it is difficult to differentiate microglia from monocyte-derived macrophages. To visualize microglia changes following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), we utilized a genetic knock-in mouse line, Tmem119 (transmembrane protein 119)-EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein), which expresses EGFP specifically in microglia.

Methods:

There were 2 parts in this study. First, autologous blood was injected into the right basal ganglia to model ICH in Tmem119-EGFP mice. Mice were euthanized at 4 hours, days 1, 3, and 7 after ICH. Sham animals were used as controls. Second, Tmem119-EGFP mice were injected with iron or thrombin, factors involved in ICH-induced injury, and were euthanized at 4 hours. Naïve mice were controls. Brains were harvested for histology.

Results:

The number of perihematomal microglia significantly decreased 1 day after ICH, but markedly increased by days 3 and 7. Microglia death was also induced by intracerebral iron injection while microglia proliferation was found with intracerebral thrombin injection.

Conclusions:

Perihematomal microglia death and proliferation after ICH are visualized in vivo with a Tmem119-EGFP transgenic mouse line. Iron and thrombin may contribute to ICH-induced microglia death and proliferation, respectively.