bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic Properties of a Styrene-Butadiene Vulcanizate in Large Biaxial and Simple Tensile Deformations
Authors: Smith Thor L. , Frederick J. E.
Published: July 2002

Biaxial tensile tests were made by stretching thin-wall cylindrical specimens in the axial direction and controlling the internal pressure to maintain constant the initial outside diameter; this procedure gives essentially pure shear. From −40 to 20°C, stress-relaxation data were obtained at axial extension ratios, λ1, up to about 2.5; relaxation data in simple uniaxial tension at −20°C were also obtained. From 25 to 90°C tests were made at constant extension rates between 0.0031 and 3.1 min−1 in both biaxial and simple tension. The data is biaxial tension conform to equations of the form: σ1(λ1,i,T)=4G(t,T)Γ1(λ1) and σ2=2G(t,T)Γ2(λ1), where σ1 and σ2 are the axial and circumferential stresses and G(t,T) is the time- and temperature-dependent stress-relaxation modulus in shear; Γ1(λ1) and Γ2(λ1) are functions only of λ1 that approach the Cauchy strain at sufficiently small deformations. From this behavior, observed over a time-temperature range within which the modulus varies about 1.5-fold, it follows that (1/G)(∂W/∂I1)≡W1/G and (1/G)(∂W/∂I2)≡W2/G are time and temperature independent, where W is the “strain energy” and I1 and I2 are strain invariants. (For pure shear, I1=I2=λ12+λ2−2+1.) The data show that W2/G is a decreasing function of the deformation and that W1/G is sensibly constant for I1<5.3, i.e., λ1<2; at larger deformations W1/G appears to decrease somewhat. Subject to the assumption that W1 is independent of I2, or equivalently that W2 is independent of I1, a calculation of simple tensile behavior gave results in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Under the conditions that W1/G remains constant, the strain energy is represented closely by: W=G[0.3125(I1−3)+0.5625 ln (I2/3)]. A representation of data by the product of a time- and temperature-dependent modulus and a deformation function is strictly valid only when W2/W1 is independent of time and temperature; the limitations of this method are briefly considered.
Chest Pain and Wide QRS Tachycardia
Authors: Tomcsányi János , Arányi Péter
Published: April 2023

This case report presents the electrocardiogram findings of a patient in their 70s with diabetes who presented with 3 hours of chest pain.
Creating Healing-Centered Health Systems by Reimagining Social Needs Screening and Supports
Authors: Ragavan Maya I. , Garg Arvin , Raphael Jean L.
Published: April 2023

This Viewpoint describes how pediatric health care systems can use health-related social needs screening implementation as an opportunity to reimagine more healing-centered systems.
Changes in Children’s Recreational Screen Time During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Plamondon André , McArthur Brae Anne , Eirich Rachel , Racine Nicole , McDonald Sheila , Tough Suzanne , Madigan Sheri
Published: April 2023

This cohort study compared children’s recreational screen time with screen time before the COVID-19 pandemic and during 3 pandemic waves to examine whether changes in screen time were greater than those associated with age.
Association of Homelessness With Emergency Department Use Among Children in New York
Authors: Chang Lawrence , Stewart Amanda M. , Kester Katherine , Routhier Giselle , Michelson Kenneth A.
Published: April 2023

This cross-sectional study uses statewide data to evaluate the association of homelessness with emergency department use patterns of children in New York.
Design process of the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace (1954), Hiroshima, by Togo Murano (Part 1): A chronological overview of graphic materials and formal manipulations observed in early design schemes
Authors: Tomioka Yoshito , Tabata Chikako , Uchikawa Izumi
Published: April 2023

This study sought to reconstruct the design process of the Memorial Cathedral for World Peace and reveal the formal manipulations conducted by the architect under strategic design thinking. The study materials were the original design sketches and drawings at the Museum and Archives, Kyoto Institute of Technology. This study first conducted an overall survey of all the graphic materials and then outlined four distinctive parts in the cathedral's design process. It further analyzed the first part of the early design of the initial 6000 m2 property, which had grown to 10 000 m2. Based on the chronological order of sketches, transformability and formal manipulations through two successive studies were examined.
Dual‐energy CT‐based stopping power prediction for dental materials in particle therapy
Authors: Longarino Friderike K. , Herpel Christopher , Tessonnier Thomas , Mein Stewart , Ackermann Benjamin , Debus Jürgen , Schwindling Franz Sebastian , Stiller Wolfram , Mairani Andrea
Published: April 2023

Radiotherapy with protons or light ions can offer accurate and precise treatment delivery. Accurate knowledge of the stopping power ratio (SPR) distribution of the tissues in the patient is crucial for improving dose prediction in patients during planning. However, materials of uncertain stoichiometric composition such as dental implant and restoration materials can substantially impair particle therapy treatment planning due to related SPR prediction uncertainties. This study investigated the impact of using dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging for characterizing and compensating for commonly used dental implant and restoration materials during particle therapy treatment planning. Radiological material parameters of ten common dental materials were determined using two different DECT techniques: sequential acquisition CT (SACT) and dual‐layer spectral CT (DLCT). DECT‐based direct SPR predictions of dental materials via spectral image data were compared to conventional single‐energy CT (SECT)‐based SPR predictions obtained via indirect CT‐number‐to‐SPR conversion. DECT techniques were found overall to reduce uncertainty in SPR predictions in dental implant and restoration materials compared to SECT, although DECT methods showed limitations for materials containing elements of a high atomic number. To assess the influence on treatment planning, an anthropomorphic head phantom with a removable tooth containing lithium disilicate as a dental material was used. The results indicated that both DECT techniques predicted similar ranges for beams unobstructed by dental material in the head phantom. When ion beams passed through the lithium disilicate restoration, DLCT‐based SPR predictions using a projection‐based method showed better agreement with measured reference SPR values (range deviation: 0.2 mm) compared to SECT‐based predictions. DECT‐based SPR prediction may improve the management of certain non‐tissue dental implant and restoration materials and subsequently increase dose prediction accuracy.
A Floating Integrated Solar Micro‐Evaporator for Self‐Cleaning Desalination and Organic Degradation
Authors: Xia Qiancheng , Wang Chao , Xu Ning , Yang Jianghua , Gao Guandao , Ding Jie
Published: April 2023

Safe and clean freshwater harvesting from (organic‐containing) saline or wastewater holds great potential for mitigating water scarcity and pollution, but remains challenging. Herein, a floating photothermal/catalytic‐integrated interfacial micro‐evaporator (g‐C3N4@PANI/PS) is reported as a proof‐of‐concept multifunctional scavenger evaporator system (MSES) to achieve both solar‐driven complete desalination and organic degradation. The spherical porous lightweight polystyrene core, incorporated with a black surface functional layer (g‐C3N4@PANI), enables the hybrid micro‐evaporator to naturally float and thereby collectively self‐assemble under surface tension for interfacial evaporation, which achieves preeminent self‐cleaning for complete salt/solute separation and efficient organic photodegradation under rotation. Remarkably, the floating micro‐evaporator achieves a high solar‐vapor conversion efficiency of ≈90% with high interfacial energy localization and provides abundant active photocatalytic sites on the interface, which is further enhanced by interfacial photothermal cooperation. High photo‐driven degradation efficiencies of 99% for nonvolatile organic compounds (non‐VOC) bisphenol A and 95% for VOC phenol in wastewater are achieved. An outdoor comprehensive solar water treatment test toward organic‐containing high‐salinity sewage verifies the feasibility of MSES for sustainable freshwater harvesting (1.3 kg m−2 h−1), downstream salt recovery, and organic degradation. This strategy may inspire an integrated solution of water scarcity, clean energy, and environmental pollution toward carbon neutrality.
“Acrostic” Encryption: Stress‐Manipulation on Information Display
Authors: Bai Jing , Shi Zixing , Jiang Xuesong
Published: April 2023

Polymers are ideal materials for information printing and storage and encryption through multiple channels. In this study, the visible color, fluorescent, and stress‐color are combined to print information. Stress‐color is achieved using an acid‐tunable dynamic reaction between a β‐diketone and an amine group via the light‐induced transformation of spiropyran (SP), which also directly prints the visible color information. The color and fluorescent patterns are stable via the reaction between SP and amine released from a dynamic enaminone structure. By achieving the stress‐color information coding, the data is further encrypted in an “acrostic” form by programmatically coding the information at several stages. The pattern or information in stress‐color is closely related to the decoding strain, whereas the fluorescent and color patterns display all the information written in various strains. As a result, the secret information is hidden among public data, resulting in acrostic encryption.
175 Years of Bilirubin Testing: Ready for Point‐of‐Care?
Authors: Guirguis Natalie , Bertrand Antoine‐Xavier , Rose Christopher F. , Matoori Simon
Published: April 2023

Bilirubin was first detected in blood in 1847 and since then has become one of the most widely used biomarkers for liver disease. Clinical routine bilirubin testing is performed at the hospital laboratory, and the gold standard colorimetric test is prone to interferences. The absence of a bedside test for bilirubin delays critical clinical decisions for patients with liver disease. This clinical care gap has motivated the development of a new generation of bioengineered point‐of‐care bilirubin assays. In this Perspective, recently developed bilirubin assays are critically discussed, and their translational potential evaluated.
A π‐Bridge Spacer Embedded Electron Donor–Acceptor Polymer for Flexible Electrochromic Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yun Tae Gwang , Lee Jiyoung , Kim Han Seul , Cheong Jun Young , Kim So Hyun , Kim Younghan , Lee Seonghun , Kim Il‐Doo
Published: April 2023

Zinc–ion batteries (ZIBs) have drawn much attention for next‐generation energy storage for smart and wearable electronics due to their high theoretical gravimetric/volumetric energy capacities, safety from explosive hazards, and cost‐effectiveness. However, current state‐of‐the‐art ZIBs lack the energy capacity necessary to facilitate smart functionalities for intelligent electronics. In this work, a “π‐bridge spacer”‐embedded electron donor–acceptor polymer cathode combined with a Zn2+–ion‐conducting electrolyte is proposed for a smart and flexible ZIB to provide high electrochromic–electrochemical performances. The π‐bridge spacer endows the polymeric skeleton with improved physical ion accessibility and sensitive charge transfer through the cycles, providing extremely stable cyclability with high specific capacity (110 mAh g−1) at very fast rates (8 A g−1) and large coloration efficiency (79.8 cm2 C−1) under severe mechanical deformation over a long period. These results are markedly outstanding compared to the topological analogue without the π‐bridge spacer (80 mAh g−1 at current density of 8 A g−1, 63.0 cm2 C−1). The design to incorporate a π‐bridge spacer realizes notable electrochromism behaviors and high electrochemical performance, which sheds light on the rational development of multifunctional flexible‐ZIBs with color visualization properties for widespread usage in powering smart electronics.
Asymmetrically Coordinated Cu–N1C2 Single‐Atom Catalyst Immobilized on Ti3C2Tx MXene as Separator Coating for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gu Hongfei , Yue Wence , Hu Jingqi , Niu Xiangfu , Tang Hao , Qin Fengjuan , Li You , Yan Qing , Liu Xinman , Xu Wenjing , Sun Zhiyi , Liu Qingqing , Yan Wensheng , Zheng Lirong , Wang Yu , Wang Hua , Li Xinyuan , Zhang Liang , Xia Guangming , Chen Wenxing
Published: April 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are receiving great attention owing to their large theoretical energy density, but the shuttle effect and sluggish kinetic conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) seriously restrict their practical applications. Herein, various metal single‐atom catalysts immobilized on nitrogen‐doped Ti3C2Tx (M SA/N‐Ti3C2Tx, M = Cu, Co, Ni, Mn, Zn, In, Sn, Pb, and Bi) are successfully prepared by a neoteric vacancy‐assisted strategy, applied as polypropylene (PP) separator coatings to facilitate the fast redox conversion and adsorption of LiPSs for boosting Li–S batteries. Of particular note, among the M SA/N‐Ti3C2Txs, Cu SA/N‐Ti3C2Tx/PP exhibits amazing properties, involving excellent rate performance (925 mAh g−1 at 3 C), superb cycling stability over 1000 cycles, and ultra‐high sulfur utilization even at large sulfur loadings (7.19 mg cm−2; an areal capacity of 5.28 mAh cm−2). X‐ray absorption fine spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveal that the asymmetrically coordinated Cu–N1C2 moieties act as the active sites, which possess a higher binding energy and a larger electron cloud with LiPSs than pristine Ti3C2Tx, facilitating the adsorption and kinetic conversion of LiPSs effectively. This work may provide new insights into single atom‐decorated ultrathin 2D materials for enhancing electrochemical performance of advanced batteries for energy storage and conversion.
Patient‐specific cognitive profiles in the detection of dementia subtypes: A proposal
Authors: Mueller Jonathan , Cammermeyer Grethe
Published: April 2023

Many physicians rely on sum score cognitive screening tests to evaluate patients for cognitive decline. Because the vast majority of cognitively impaired patients never receive more extensive testing, the results of these screening tests impact patients and their family members profoundly. No previous study has examined whether the metrics used by the popular Mini‐Mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Saint Louis University Mental Status tests reliably identify single‐domain deficits or allow clinicians to adequately track disease progression. We compare side by side the metrics used by these three tests to highlight the differences in the ways they measure domain impairments. We then contrast the sum score approach to cognitive screening with brief domain‐specific tests that use extended metrics in each domain examined. Last, we suggest that moderate‐to‐severe domain‐specific deficits on these tests should lead physicians to anticipate specific functional problems and alert family members.
Radiolabeled AIE Probes as Dual‐modality Imaging Agents for PET/NIR‐II Fluorescence‐Guided Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Yu Kaiwu , Huang Haoying , Zhang Haoke , He Qinggang , Fu Zhurong , Zhang Hong , Zhang Qinghua , Mao Zhengwei , Tian Mei
Published: April 2023

Breast cancer has become a huge burden with continued rise of incidence and death rate worldwide. Various methods for diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer have met the challenges of lack of complete information about the tumor location and limited therapy efficacy. Although aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have shown great promise for various cancer treatment applications, they may be incompetent for deep‐seated tumor diagnosis due to the limited penetration depth. Herein, we designed and prepared a radiolabeled AIEgen‐based organic photothermal agent for bimodal PET/fluorescence imaging‐guided breast tumor photothermal therapy. The prepared multifunctional nanoparticles (68Ga‐TPA‐TTINC NPs) with NIR‐II fluorescence, gamma irradiation and photothermal conversion property could be efficiently taken up by tumor cells and induce reactive oxygen species burst in vitro, further boosting the photothermal treatment of tumor in vivo. More importantly, the nanoprobe could target and clearly visualize 4T1 tumor xenografts through PET and NIR‐II fluorescence imaging with high tumor/muscle ratio up to 4.8, which provides a promising tool and solution for breast tumor theranostics.
High Initial Coulombic Efficiency Hard Carbon Anodes Enabled by Facile Surface Annealing Engineering
Authors: Deng Mingxia , Dong Wujie , Huang Fuqiang
Published: April 2023

Hard carbon (HC) anode shows great potential due to its high capacity and excellent rate performance. However, state‐of‐the‐art HC anode still suffers insufficient initial Coulomb efficiency (ICE) due to the abundant Li‐trapping sites. Herein, we demonstrate a facile annealing engineering for HC anodes to improve the ICE and the mechanism is systematically studied. Accordingly, during the annealing process, metastable O‐ and N‐containing functional groups are pyrolyzed, which cause the microstructure reconstruction of HC. Therefore, irreversible lithium ions adsorption is reduced significantly and the conversion of sp3 to sp2 C contributes to the localized graphitization of HC. Consequently, the optimized HC achieves ultra‐high ICE of 90% from initial 61%. It is demonstrated that HC will adsorb H2O and some organic species from environment gradually, causing conversion of some electrochemical stable functional groups to the irreversible Li‐trapping sites. This work provides facile strategy and novel insight for high ICE HC anodes.
Seeing the limited coupling of starlight into single‐mode fiber with a small telescope
Authors: Sliski David H. , Blake Cullen H. , Eastman Jason D. , Halverson Samuel
Published: April 2023

An optical fiber link to a telescope provides many advantages for spectrometers designed to detect and characterize extrasolar planets through precise radial velocity measurements. In the seeing‐limited regime, a multi‐mode fiber is typically used so that a significant amount of starlight may be captured. In the near‐diffraction‐limited case, either with an adaptive optics system or with a small telescope at an excellent site, efficiently coupling starlight into a much smaller, single‐mode fiber may be possible. In general, a spectrometer designed for single‐mode fiber input will be substantially less costly than one designed for multi‐mode fiber input. We describe the results of tests coupling starlight from a 70 cm telescope at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona into the single‐mode fiber of the MINERVA‐Red spectrometer at a wavelength of 850 nm using a low‐speed tip/tilt image stabilization system comprising all commercial, off‐the‐shelf components. We find that approximately 0.5 of the available starlight is coupled into the single‐mode fiber under seeing conditions typical for observatories hosting small telescopes, which is close to the theoretical expectation. We discuss scientific opportunities for small telescopes paired with inexpensive, high‐resolution spectrometers, as well as upgrade paths that should significantly increase the coupling efficiency for the MINERVA‐Red system.
PROTOCOL: The effectiveness of sensory interventions targeted at improving occupational outcomes, quality of life, well‐being and behavioural and psychological symptoms for older adults living with dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tulliani Nikki , Mills Caroline , Collison Lily , Peel Nicole , Fahey Paul P. , Liu Karen
Published: April 2023

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: The primary objective is to systematically review the available evidence of the effects of sensory interventions on quality of life, well‐being, occupational participation, and behavioural and psychological symptoms of older adults living with dementia.
Resources efficient and cleaner production in the bentonite industry
Authors: Papuga Saša , Kotur Milovan
Published: April 2023

The concept of Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP) focuses on a more cost‐effective production while effectively solve the problem of environmental pollution. This article presents the RECP methodology in the case of industrial production of the bentonite. Aspects of production and management to which it is possible to apply the specific methods, that is, RECP measures were analyzed. Mass and energy balance of the process as a whole were prepared and concrete measures were proposed. Applying the proposed measures increases the efficiency of the whole process. This is expressed as absolute and relative RECP Indicators. Relative indicators show an increase in energy productivity of 16.34%, an increase in materials and water productivity of 1.72%, and a decrease in the intensity of emissions of solid waste from 59.5%, carbon (CO2‐eq) of 7.78%, and wastewater of 1.69%. Expressed as absolute indicators, achieved benefits are: energy use reduction in the amount of 3,438,367.20 MJ/year, greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the amount of 167.04 t CO2 eq/year and reduction waste generation in the principal amount of 371.1 t/year.
Study on the operation strategies and carbon emission of heating systems in the context of building energy conservation
Authors: Teng Jiaying , Yin Hang , Wang Pengying
Published: April 2023

Coal‐fired thermal power must be flexible to enable the grid absorption of inconsistent photovoltaic (PV) and wind power. Combined heat and power (CHP) coal‐fired plants are the primary source for district heating systems. This paper uses a 330 MW subcritical CHP unit as an example to carry out the study. With the promotion of building energy efficiency, when the thermal index is reduced to below 20 W/m2, the low‐load operation of CHP can meet the wind power and PV feed‐in demand and guarantee residential heating without the need for flexibility modification. Meanwhile, more renewable energy generation can reduce carbon emissions from the power supply, further contributing to reducing carbon emissions from buildings. The impacts of different envelope parameters and supplementary heat sources on building carbon emissions are also studied. The conclusion shows that the degree of their impact on carbon emissions ranks as ESMs (energy supply modes) > Factor D (infiltration N50) > Factor A (external wall heat transfer coefficient) > Factor C (window heat transfer coefficient) > Factor B (roof heat transfer coefficient). When the building's heating energy consumption gradually decreases, the distributed heat pump unit can replace the coal‐fired boiler to supply the peak heat load demand. In the future, China's district heating systems can be gradually changed from the current CHP and coal‐fired boilers to CHP and distributed heat pumps.
Physiological Impacts on Raphidocelis subcapitata in Response to Lithiated Cobalt Oxide Nanomaterials
Authors: Ostovich Eric , Henke Austin , Green Curtis , Laudadio Elizabeth , Spehlmann Max , Van Ee Nathan , Uertz Jamie , Hamers Robert , Klaper Rebecca
Published: April 2023

Complex metal oxide nanomaterials, like lithiated cobalt oxide (LCO) nanosheets, are among the most widespread classes of nanomaterials on the market. Their ubiquitous application in battery storage technology drives their production to rates of environmental significance without sufficient infrastructure for proper disposal/recycling, thus posing a risk to ecosystem health and sustainability. The present study assesses the general toxicological impacts of LCO when exposed to Raphidocelis subcapitata; physiological endpoints relating to growth and energy production are considered. Algal growth inhibition was significantly increased at concentrations as low as 0.1 µg ml−1, while exhibiting a median effect concentration of 0.057 µg ml−1. The average biovolume of cells was significantly enlarged at 0.01 µg ml−1, thus indicating increased instances of cell cycle arrest in LCO-treated cells. In addition, LCO-treated cells produced significantly less carbon biomass while significantly overproducing neutral lipid content starting at 0.1 µg ml−1, thus indicating interference with CO2 assimilation chemistry and/or carbon partitioning. However, the relative abundance of chlorophyll was significantly increased, likely to maximize light harvesting and compensate for photosynthetic interference. Cells that were treated with dissolved Li+/Co2+ ions did not significantly impact any of the endpoints tested, suggesting that LCO phytotoxicity is mainly induced through nano-specific mechanisms rather than ion-specific ones. These results indicate that this type of nanomaterial can significantly impact the way this alga proliferates, as well as the way it produces and stores its energy, even at lower, sublethal, concentrations. Furthermore, impairments to crucial cellular pathways, like carbon assimilation, could potentially cause implications at the ecosystem level. Thus, in future work, it will be important to characterize the molecular mechanisms of LCO at the nano–bio interface. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1451–1462. © 2023 SETAC
Bias correction for inverse variance weighting Mendelian randomization
Authors: Mounier Ninon , Kutalik Zoltán
Published: April 2023

Inverse‐variance weighted two‐sample Mendelian randomization (IVW‐MR) is the most widely used approach that utilizes genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics to infer the existence and the strength of the causal effect between an exposure and an outcome. Estimates from this approach can be subject to different biases due to the use of weak instruments and winner's curse, which can change as a function of the overlap between the exposure and outcome samples. We developed a method (MRlap) that simultaneously considers weak instrument bias and winner's curse while accounting for potential sample overlap. Assuming spike‐and‐slab genomic architecture and leveraging linkage disequilibrium score regression and other techniques, we could analytically derive, reliably estimate, and hence correct for the bias of IVW‐MR using association summary statistics only. We tested our approach using simulated data for a wide range of realistic settings. In all the explored scenarios, our correction reduced the bias, in some situations by as much as 30‐fold. In addition, our results are consistent with the fact that the strength of the biases will decrease as the sample size increases and we also showed that the overall bias is also dependent on the genetic architecture of the exposure, and traits with low heritability and/or high polygenicity are more strongly affected. Applying MRlap to obesity‐related exposures revealed statistically significant differences between IVW‐based and corrected effects, both for nonoverlapping and fully overlapping samples. Our method not only reduces bias in causal effect estimation but also enables the use of much larger GWAS sample sizes, by allowing for potentially overlapping samples.
COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant and postpartum Kenyan women
Authors: Marwa Mary M. , Kinuthia John , Larsen Anna , Dettinger Julia C. , Gomez Laurén A. , Awino Pascal , Abuna Felix , Watoyi Salphine , Ochieng Ben , Ngumbau Nancy , John‐Stewart Grace , Pintye Jillian
Published: April 2023

Objective

The authors evaluated factors contributing to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine hesitancy among pregnant and postpartum women to inform vaccine scale‐up strategies.

Methods

This observational study utilized data from pregnant and postpartum women attending four public maternal child health (MCH) clinics in Western Kenya. From October 2020 to July 2022, nurses assessed COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy, defined as reporting “unlikely” or “very unlikely” to the question, “If a vaccine for COVID‐19 were available today, what is the likelihood that you would get vaccinated?”

Results

Among 1023 women (235 pregnant, 788 postpartum), 20% reported worsened MCH care during the pandemic and most (92%) perceived themselves or family members to be at risk for COVID‐19, yet 54% of women reported COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy was more frequent among women reporting worsened MCH care (P < 0.001) since the pandemic and those who did not trust the government as a source of COVID‐19 information (P = 0.016). Over the 2‐year period, willingness to receive the vaccine almost doubled (38% to 71%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that sustaining access to quality MCH services may decrease COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. Willingness to receive the vaccine doubled over the 2‐year period in our cohort, suggesting increased trust for use and acceptance in the unique context of the pregnancy/postpartum period.
The structure of adolescent mental health problems: The role of effortful control and school safety
Authors: Rezun Ekaterina V. , Slobodskaya Helena R. , Semenova Nadezhda B.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Adolescent mental health problems are widespread; however, there are still very few data on risk and protective factors for general and specific psychopathology. This study examined the structure of common mental health problems in Russian adolescents and the associations of temperamental effortful control and perceived school safety to the latent factors of adolescent mental health, taking age and gender into account.

Methods

Data were collected on 1850 adolescents (53% female) aged 12–18 using the self‐report Eurasian Child Mental Health Study questionnaire, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the abbreviated Effortful Control scale of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire‐Revised. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the structure of common mental health problems and to examine the associations with age, effortful control, and school safety.

Results

The five‐correlated‐factors model comprising internalizing, body dissatisfaction, psychosomatics, externalizing, and substance use, and the bifactor‐(S‐1) models with internalizing and externalizing as reference domains and four specific factors showed an adequate fit to the data and sufficient reliability and validity. Analyses established full metric invariance of these models across gender. Effortful control showed a general association with adolescent mental health problems and a specific association with externalizing problems. School safety showed specific negative associations with externalizing and substance use and with girls' internalizing problems.

Conclusions

These findings provide a strong basis for further cross‐cultural research into the structure and determinants of adolescent mental health and highlight the need for effective interventions.
Comparative analysis between STANDARD‐E Covi‐FERON ELISA with pre‐existing IFN‐γ release assays and determination of the optimum cutoff value for assessment of T‐Cell response to SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Jang Jieun , Widyasari Kristin , Kim Sunjoo
Published: April 2023

Background

Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) release assays (IGRAs) are useful for the assessment of the T‐cell response to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). We aimed to assess the performance of the newly developed IGRA ELISA test compared to the pre‐existing assays and to validate the cutoff value in real‐world conditions.

Methods

We enrolled 219 participants and assessed agreement between STANDARD‐E Covi‐FERON ELISA with Quanti‐FERON SARS‐CoV‐2 (QFN SARS‐CoV‐2), as well as with T SPOT Discovery SARS‐CoV‐2 based on Cohen's kappa‐index. We further determined the optimal cutoff value for the Covi‐FERON ELISA according to the immune response to vaccinations or infections.

Results

We found a moderate agreement between Covi‐FERON ELISA and QFN SARS‐CoV‐2 before vaccination (kappa‐index = 0.71), whereas a weak agreement after the first (kappa‐index = 0.40) and second vaccinations (kappa‐index = 0.46). However, the analysis between Covi‐FERON ELISA and T SPOT assay demonstrated a strong agreement (kappa‐index >0.7). The cut‐off value of the OS (original spike) marker was 0.759 IU/mL with a sensitivity of 96.3% and specificity of 78.7%, and that of the variant spike (VS) marker was 0.663 IU/mL with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.8% and 80.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

The newly determined cut‐off value may provide an optimum value to minimize and prevent the occurrence of false‐negative or false‐positive during the assessment of T‐cell immune response using Covi‐FERON ELISA under real‐world conditions.
Preventing sexual violence among high school students through norms correction and bystander intervention: A school‐based cluster trial of Your Voice Your View
Authors: Orchowski Lindsay M. , Malone Sandra , Sokolovsky Alexander W. , Pearlman Deborah N. , Rizzo Christie , Zlotnick Caron , Berkowitz Alan , Fortson Beverly L.
Published: April 2023

Risk for sexual violence begins early in the lifespan; thus, interventions are needed to decrease the risk for sexual violence among high school youth. The current study evaluates the Your Voice Your View (YVYV) sexual violence prevention program using a school‐based cluster trial among 26 high schools in the Northeastern United States. YVYV, includes: 1) a series of four classroom workshops designed to engage students as allies in violence prevention through bystander intervention skills training, address risks for sexual aggression, and reduce risk for victimization; 2) a Lunch and Learn teacher training workshop; and 3) a 4‐week social norms poster campaign based on normative data from the school. Schools were matched based on size and demographics and randomly assigned to the intervention group or a wait‐list control group. A sample of 2685 10th grade students enrolled in the research and completed assessments at baseline, 2‐month and 6‐month follow‐up periods. The magnitude of the difference in sexual aggression did not vary by condition at either follow‐up period. The magnitude of 6‐month differences in experiencing unwanted sexual intercourse varied significantly by condition (IRR = 0.33 [0.14–0.76]), demonstrating a small protective effect favoring intervention schools (Cohen's f2 = 0.012). These findings highlight the promise of multicomponent interventions grounded in bystander intervention skills training, risk reduction, and social norms theory as a promising, comprehensive approach for sexual violence prevention among youth.
Infection pattern and immunological characteristics of Epstein‐Barr virus latent infection in cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zuo Yan , Xiao Han , Lv Dongmei , Huang Miaomiao , Wang Lianzi , Liu Jiaqing , Zhang Ke , Shen Jilong , Wang Zhongxin , Wu Qiang , Xu Yuanhong
Published: April 2023

Previous studies reported the association between Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), but its infection pattern and clinical significance unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the infection pattern, clinicopathology, outcomes, and immunology of this entity in central China. We evaluated a total of 104 untreated CSCC tumor tissue specimens using in situ hybridization for EBV‐encoded small RNAs (EBERs), and by employing flowcytometry fluorescence hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping. The expression of EBV latency proteins and immune biomarkers was evaluated and quantified by immunohistochemistry. EBERs transcripts were detected in 21 (20.2%) cases overall (in malignant epithelial cells of 13 cases and in lymphocytes of 8 cases). EBV belonged to latency type I infection in CSCC. The high‐risk (HR)‐HPV was detected in all of EBV‐positive CSCC, and the difference of detection rate of HR‐HPV was significant when compared with EBV‐negative CSCC (p = 0.001). The specific clinicopathology with increased frequency of advanced clinical stages, tumor‐positive lymph nodes, neural invasion, and increased infiltration depth (all p value < 0.05) were observed in cases with EBV. However, EBV infection was found to have no impact on prognosis of patients with CSCC. Increased densities of forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)+‐tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (p = 0.005) and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4)+‐TILs (p = 0.017) and higher expression of programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) (p = 0.002) and programmed cell death‐1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) (p = 0.040) were associated with EBV latent infection in CSCC, and these immunological changes were more likely to be associated with the infection in lymphocytes rather than tumor cells. Moreover, in patients with HPV‐positive CSCC, similar significant differences were still found. In conclusions, EBV‐positive CSCC may have specific infection pattern and clinicopathology and can exhibit an immunosuppressive microenvironment dominated by Treg cells aggregation and immune checkpoint activation.
Disparities in access to robotic technology and perioperative outcomes among patients treated with radical prostatectomy
Authors: Logan Charles D. , Mahenthiran Ashorne K. , Siddiqui Mohammad R. , French Dustin D. , Hudnall Matthew T. , Patel Hiten D. , Murphy Adam B. , Halpern Joshua A. , Bentrem David J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Most radical prostatectomies are completed with robotic assistance. While studies have previously evaluated perioperative outcomes of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), this study investigates disparities in access and clinical outcomes of RARP.

Study Design

The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify patients who received radical prostatectomy for cancer between 2010 and 2017 with outcomes through 2018. RARP was compared to open radical prostatectomy (ORP). Odds of receiving RARP were evaluated while adjusting for covariates. Overall survival was evaluated using a propensity‐score matched cohort.

Results

Overall, 354 752 patients were included with 297 676 (83.9%) receiving RARP. Patients who were non‐Hispanic Black (82.8%) or Hispanic (81.3%) had lower rates of RARP than non‐Hispanic White (84.0%) or Asian patients (87.7%, p < 0.001). Medicaid or uninsured patients were less likely to receive RARP (75.5%) compared to patients with Medicare or private insurance (84.4%, p < 0.001). Medicaid or uninsured status was associated with decreased odds of RARP in adjusted multivariable analysis (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.49–0.76). RARP was associated with decreased perioperative mortality and improved overall survival compared to ORP.

Conclusion

Patients who were underinsured were less likely to receive RARP. Improved access to RARP may lead to decreased disparities in perioperative outcomes for prostate cancer.
Mid‐IR Supercontinuum Noise Reduction Using a Short Piece of Normal Dispersion Fiber ‐ A General Mechanism
Authors: Hansen Rasmus Eilkœr , Smith Callum Robertson , Moltke Asbjørn , Petersen Christian Rosenberg , Raghuraman Sidharthan , Yoo Seongwoo , Bang Ole
Published: April 2023

Mid‐infrared (IR) supercontinuum (SC) lasers are important in applications such as pollution detection, stand‐off detection, and non‐destructive testing. The performance in many applications is limited by the noise level of the supercontinuum laser. High noise typically results in low sensitivities or a need for long integration times. In this paper, a simple technique to reduce the noise of high noise soliton‐based SC sources is introduced by adding a short piece of normal dispersion fiber to force the spectrally distributed solitons to spectrally broaden through self‐phase modulation and thereby overlap to average out the noise. The noise reduction is demonstrated experimentally and numerically using a ZBLAN fiber based mid‐IR SC source and adding a short piece of highly nonlinear arsenic‐sulfide fiber. However, the method is generally applicable to any soliton‐based near‐IR or mid‐IR SC source. Its efficiency is underlined by experimentally comparing it to SC generation in fibers in which a second zero‐dispersion wavelength provides the spectral alignment noise reduction mechanism.
Targeted therapy using larotrectinib and venetoclax for the relapsed/refractory T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia harboring a cryptic ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion
Authors: Zhou Kuangguo , Gong Duanhao , He Cheng , Xiao Min , Zhang Meilan , Huang Wei
Published: April 2023

Outcomes for patients with relapsed and refractory (R/R) T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) are dismal, with few available treatments. Recently, identification of cancer patients harboring neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions is constantly increasing, especially with the advent of NTRK inhibitors. However, the role of ETV6‐NTRK3 in T‐ALL has not been investigated. This case represented the first detailed report of T‐ALL patient harboring a cryptic ETV6‐NTRK3 fusion with an unfavorable prognosis, not only because of leukemia resistant to the standard multiagent chemotherapy but also early relapse after allo‐HSCT. Acquired EP300 mutation was found at relapse, which could explain the cause of recurrence and affect the follow‐up treatment. Combined targeted therapy like larotrectinib allied with pan‐targeted BCL‐2 inhibitor venetoclax, may be a potential maintenance treatment in R/R ETV6‐NTRK3 positive leukemia after allo‐HSCT. The leukemic clonal evolution might be revealed through transcriptome sequencing and overcome by drugs with universal targets. Our case demonstrated that both comprehensive profiling techniques (such as transcriptome sequencing, multiparameter flow cytometry, and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction) and a multimodality treatment strategy were critical for anticipating an early relapse and personalized therapy of R/R T‐cell leukemia.
High‐gain UWB double slot vivaldi antenna loaded with metasurface and semi‐elliptical slots
Authors: Zou Qian , Gu Zhen , Xie Rensheng , Zhang Zhongxiang , Zhang Hualiang , Ding Jun
Published: April 2023

In this work, an ultra‐wideband double slot Vivaldi antenna (DSVA) loaded with a novel wideband nonresonant metasurface is proposed to enhance the gain. The semi‐elliptical slots are etched on both sides of the ground plane of the DSVA to improve the current distribution. In addition, the nonresonant metasurface composed of WiFi‐shaped unit cells could maintain a stable high refractive index in the operating bandwidth of 1−18 GHz, which could bend the outgoing wave to the end‐fire direction. Both the original antenna and the proposed antenna are simulated, fabricated, and characterized. The measured results are in good accordance with the simulated ones. The return losses of both antennas are less than −10 dB in the frequency range of 2−13.4 GHz, while the gain of the proposed antenna is improved from 13.6 to 16.3 dBi with a maximum gain enhancement of 3.1 dB.
Networks of C‐reactive protein and depression symptoms in patients with stable coronary heart disease: Findings from the Heart and Soul Study
Authors: Lee Chiyoung , Whooley Mary A.
Published: April 2023

Objective

Research addressing the associations between C‐reactive protein (CRP) and depression among patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) has produced inconsistent results. This might be attributable to varying associations of CRP with specific depression symptom profiles. We responded to this challenge using various network analysis techniques.

Methods

A total of 967 outpatients with documented CHD were drawn from the baseline cross‐sectional data of the Heart and Soul Study. We first estimated mixed graphical models that included CRP and individual depression symptoms, before and after adjusting for relevant covariates, to explore whether CRP is correlated with specific facets of depression. We also investigated whether CRP levels moderated the associations between specific depression symptoms using moderated network models. Finally, we performed a network comparison test and compared the symptom network properties between non‐elevated and elevated CRP groups.

Results

In the network model without covariates, CRP was positively associated with fatigue, appetite changes, and psychomotor problems. CRP maintained its negative association with concentration difficulty regardless of covariate adjustment. Few symptom‐symptom associations, especially those involving appetite changes, were moderated by CRP. Further, the elevated CRP group showed greater overall symptom connectivity as compared to the non‐elevated group.

Conclusion

This study segues into CRP‐depression relationship with sophisticated methodology.
Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Instrument
Authors: Sharif‐Nia Hamid , Hanifi Nasrin
Published: April 2023

Aim

This study was designed to characterize the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Second Victim Experience and Support Instrument (P‐SVEST).

Design

This study was a methodological and cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The SVEST was back‐translated into Persian and 10 experts assessed its content validity. Construct validity was determined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a total of 754 critical care and emergency nurses.

Results

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the P‐SVEST had four factors. These four factors accounted for 51.67% of the total variance. Also, these factors were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (root mean square error of approximation = (90%. confidence interval) = 0.058 [0.045, 0.071], goodness‐of‐fit index = 0.932, comparative fit index = 0.956, non‐normal fit index = 0.918, incremental fit index = 0.957 and Tucker–Lewis index = 0.944). Coefficients of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, composite reliability and maximum reliability for all of the factors were >0.7, demonstrating satisfied internal consistency.
Effectiveness of a standardised patient simulation programme in undergraduate nursing students 6 months after implementation: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Cabañero‐Martínez María José , Escribano Silvia , Sánchez‐Marco María , Juliá‐Sanchis Rocío
Published: April 2023

Aims

The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardised patient simulation programme and to analyse to what extent the students transferred the skills covered in the simulation to clinical practice 6 months after the intervention.

Design

A quasi‐experimental study was carried out, with measurements taken pre‐, post‐ and 6 months after the implementation of a standardised patient simulation programme in a single group.

Methods

Eligible to participate were all final year nursing undergraduates during the 2020–2021 academic year. In total, 41 undergraduate nursing students took part in all stages of the study. It was measured attitude towards communication, self‐efficacy, communication skills and resilience. The degree to which communication skills were used in the real setting was also assessed.

Results

The students' scores for self‐efficacy and perceived communication skills improved and were maintained after six months. Regarding to resilience, improvement was even evident six months following the intervention. In terms of the transfer to clinical practice, the students were making moderate to high use of the communication skills learned in the simulation.