bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical note: A simple method for patient‐specific quality assurance for lateral targets on a 1.5 T MR‐Linac
Authors: Ferris William S. , Smith Blake R. , Hyer Daniel E. , St‐Aubin Joel J.
Published: March 2024

The Elekta Unity magnetic resonance (MR) linac is limited to longitudinal couch motion and a sagittal‐only laser, which restricts the ability to perform patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) measurements for very lateral targets. This work introduces a simple method to perform PSQA using the Sun Nuclear ArcCheck‐MR phantom at left and right lateral positions without additional equipment or in‐house construction. The proposed setup places the center of the phantom 1.3 cm vertical and 12.9 cm lateral to isocenter in either the left or right direction. Computed tomography (CT) scans are used to simulate the setup and create a QA plan template in the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS). The workflow is demonstrated for four patients, with an average axial distance from the center of the bore to the planning target volume (PTV) of 12.4 cm. Gamma pass rates were above 94% for all plans using global 3%/2 mm gamma criterion with a 10% threshold. Setup uncertainties are slightly larger for the proposed lateral setup compared to the centered setup on the Elekta platform (∼1 mm compared to ∼0.5 mm), but acceptable pass rates are achievable without optimizing shifts in the gamma analysis software. In general, adding the left and right lateral positions increases the axial area in the bore encompassed by the cylindrical measurement array by 147%, substantially increasing the flexibility of measurements for offset targets. Based on this work, we propose using the lateral QA setup if the closest distance to the PTV edge from isocenter is larger than the array radius (10.5 cm) or the percent of the PTV encompassed by the diode array would be increased with the lateral setup compared to the centered setup.
The Exosome‐Mediated Bone Regeneration: An Advanced Horizon Toward the Isolation, Engineering, Carrying Modalities, and Mechanisms
Authors: Zhu Fukang , Wang Taiyou , Wang Guangjian , Yan Caiping , He Bin , Qiao Bo
Published: March 2024

Exosomes, nanoparticles secreted by various cells, composed of a bilayer lipid membrane, and containing bioactive substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, etc., have been intensively investigated in tissue engineering owing to their high biocompatibility and versatile biofunction. However, there is still a lack of a high‐quality review on bone defect regeneration potentiated by exosomes. In this review, the biogenesis and isolation methods of exosomes are first introduced. More importantly, the engineered exosomes of the current state of knowledge are discussed intensively in this review. Afterward, the biomaterial carriers of exosomes and the mechanisms of bone repair elucidated by compelling evidence are presented. Thus, future perspectives and concerns are revealed to help devise advanced modalities based on exosomes to overcome the challenges of bone regeneration. It is totally believed this review will attract special attention from clinicians and provide promising ideas for their future works.
Epitaxial Growth of Large‐Scale 2D CrTe2 Films on Amorphous Silicon Wafers With Low Thermal Budget
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqian , Li Yue , Lu Qiangsheng , Xiang Xueqiang , Sun Xiaozhen , Tang Chunli , Mahdi Muntasir , Conner Clayton , Cook Jacob , Xiong Yuzan , Inman Jerad , Jin Wencan , Liu Chang , Cai PeiYu , Santos Elton J. G. , Phatak Charudatta , Zhang Wei , Gao Nan , Niu Wei , Bian Guang , Li Peng , Yu Dapeng , Long Shibing
Published: March 2024

2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets open landmark horizons in the development of innovative spintronic device architectures. However, their fabrication with large scale poses challenges due to high synthesis temperatures (>500 °C) and difficulties in integrating them with standard complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology on amorphous substrates such as silicon oxide (SiO2) and silicon nitride (SiNx). Here, a seeded growth technique for crystallizing CrTe2 films on amorphous SiNx/Si and SiO2/Si substrates with a low thermal budget is presented. This fabrication process optimizes large‐scale, granular atomic layers on amorphous substrates, yielding a substantial coercivity of 11.5 kilo‐oersted, attributed to weak intergranular exchange coupling. Field‐driven Néel‐type stripe domain dynamics explain the amplified coercivity. Moreover, the granular CrTe2 devices on Si wafers display significantly enhanced magnetoresistance, more than doubling that of single‐crystalline counterparts. Current‐assisted magnetization switching, enabled by a substantial spin–orbit torque with a large spin Hall angle (85) and spin Hall conductivity (1.02 ×  107 ℏ/2e  Ω⁻¹  m⁻¹), is also demonstrated. These observations underscore the proficiency in manipulating crystallinity within integrated 2D magnetic films on Si wafers, paving the way for large‐scale batch manufacturing of practical magnetoelectronic and spintronic devices, heralding a new era of technological innovation.
Rational Design of Multinary Metal Chalcogenide Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 Nanocrystals for Efficient Potassium Storage
Authors: Zhang Longhai , Liu Jiatu , Zhai Yunming , Zhang Shilin , Wang Wei , Li Guanjie , Sun Liang , Li Hongbao , Qi Shuo , Chen Shuangqiang , Wang Rui , Ma Quanwei , Just Justus , Zhang Chaofeng
Published: March 2024

Multinary metal chalcogenides hold considerable promise for high‐energy potassium storage due to their numerous redox reactions. However, challenges arise from issues such as volume expansion and sluggish kinetics. Here, a design featuring a layered ternary Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 anchored on graphene layers as a composite anode, where Bi atoms act as a lattice softening agent on Sb, is presented. Benefiting from the lattice arrangement in Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and structure, Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3/graphene exhibits a mitigated expansion of 28% during the potassiation/depotassiation process and demonstrates facile K+ ion transfer kinetics, enabling long‐term durability of 500 cycles at various high rates. Operando synchrotron diffraction patterns and spectroscopies including in situ Raman, ex situ adsorption, and X‐ray photoelectron reveal multiple conversion and alloying/dealloying reactions for potassium storage at the atomic level. In addition, both theoretical calculations and electrochemical examinations elucidate the K+ migration pathways and indicate a reduction in energy barriers within Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3/graphene, thereby suggesting enhanced diffusion kinetics for K+. These findings provide insight in the design of durable high‐energy multinary tellurides for potassium storage.
Refractory Plasmonics of Reactively Sputtered Hafnium Nitride Nanoparticles: Pushing Limits
Authors: Pleskunov Pavel , Protsak Mariia , Krtouš Zdeněk , Košutová Tereza , Tosca Marco , Biliak Kateryna , Červenková Veronika , Nikitin Daniil , Hanuš Jan , Cieslar Miroslav , Gordeev Ivan , Dopita Milan , Vorochta Michael , Kousal Jaroslav , Martinu Ludvik , Choukourov Andrei
Published: March 2024

High‐temperature plasmonics deals with optically active nanostructures that can withstand high temperatures. A conventional approach relying on standalone noble metal nanoparticles fails to deliver refractory plasmonic nanomaterials, and an alternative route envisions metal nitrides. The main challenge remains the development of advanced synthesis techniques and the insight into thermal stability under real‐life application conditions. Here, hafnium nitride nanoparticles (HfN NPs) can be produced by gas aggregation using reactive magnetron sputtering, a technique with a small environmental footprint are shown. As‐deposited NPs are of 10 nm mean size and consist of stoichiometric, crystalline fcc HfN. They are characterized by optical absorption below 500 nm caused by interband transitions and in the red/near‐infrared (NIR) region due to intraband transitions and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The optical response can be engineered by tuning the NP composition as predicted by finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) calculations. Going beyond the state‐of‐the‐art, the HfN NP thermal stability is focued under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and in air. During UHV annealing to 850 °C, the NPs retain their morphology, chemical and optical properties, which makes them attractive in space mission and other applications. During air annealing to 800 °C, HfN NPs remain stable until 250 °C, which sets a limit for air‐mediated use.
Tailoring the Cr3+ Emission via Combinatorial Management of Crystal‐Field and Energy Transfer for Multiple NIR LEDs
Authors: Wang Shaoyu , Lyu Zeyu , Sun Dashuai , Shen Sida , You Hongpeng
Published: March 2024

Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors converted light‐emitting diodes (NIR pc‐LEDs) are ideal NIR sources for versatile applications, which imply the practical significance in tailoring the emission of the NIR phosphors to enhance the performance for specific application. Herein, a paradigm of tailoring the emissions in a series of Cr3+‐doped phosphors to match the applications in NIR lighting, detection, and short‐wave infrared sources through combinatorial management of crystal‐field and energy transfer is presented. The emission band largely increases from 84 to 190 nm when the introduction of [MgO6]‐[GeO4] into Y3Ga5O12:0.08Cr3+ forms Y3MgxGa5‐2xGexO12:0.08Cr3+ through the substitution of [GaO6]‐[GaO4]. Such a large increase in width makes it suitable for near‐infrared lighting to near‐infrared detection. Moreover, the Yb3+, Nd3+ and Er3+ are doped to construct energy transfer with Cr3+, broadening the emission infrared region and enhanced thermal stability. An optimized Yb3+ emission dominates Y3Ga5O12:0.4Cr3+,Yb3+ phosphor has excellent thermal stability (129%@423 K) and is suitable for high‐power short‐wave infrared sources. The presented work not only provides a series of well‐performed NIR phosphors, but only lights up the avenue for designing the Cr3+ emission for specific application.
Photoredox Radical Cascade Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylarylnitriles in Visible Light: Direct Access to 3‐Amino‐1‐indenones
Authors: Rajput Shruti , Garg Dikshita , Jain Nidhi
Published: March 2024

A photoinduced direct synthesis of 3‐amino‐1‐indenones via radical cascade cyclization strategy is demonstrated. The methodology involves a domino reaction between 2‐alkynylarylnitrile and N‐aminopyridinium salt and captures the reactivity of in‐situ generated nitrogen‐centered radical (NCR) in visible light. Multiple bond‐forming events including C−N, C−C, and C−O take place sequentially on 2‐alkynylarylnitrile enabling construction of 3‐amino‐1‐indenone core at room temperature in 35–76% yield. A preliminary biological screening of synthesized compounds is indicative of their potent anti‐cancer property.
Recyclable Iridium Catalyst Supported on Porous Organic Polymer for Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Silylation: Synthesis of Ring‐Fused Oxasilacycles
Authors: Xian Jiayi , Sheng Xing , Lin Yi , Sun Zhenning , Chen Chaohan , Zhou Kun , Peng Chao , Li Bin , Chen Xiuwen , Xie Feng
Published: March 2024

The direct conversion of specific C−H bonds to C−Si bonds in alkanes or aromatics via catalytic methods has attracted growing research interest. Herein, we report the preparation of a new iridium catalyst supported on a naphthyridine‐based porous organic polymer and its successful application in the dehydrogenative silylation of 2‐arylphenols or alcohol and hydrosilanes to access ring‐fused oxasilacycles. The synthetic method exhibits broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility while avoiding the use of hydrogen acceptors. In addition, this organic polymer supported iridium catalyst could be easily recovered from the reaction system and reused for at least seven times without apparent deactivation. This research provides new insights for the further design of heterogeneous nanocatalysts and contributes to the synthesis of silicon‐substituted functional molecules.
Interrogation of Ecotoxic Elements Distribution in Slag and Precipitated Calcite through a Machine Learning‐Based Approach Aided by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Khudhur Faisal W. K. , Divers Matthew , Wildman Mark , MacDonald John M. , Einsle Joshua Franz
Published: March 2024

CO2 mineralization in slag has been widely investigated as a potential solution for offsetting steelmaking industry emissions. However, it can be associated with ecotoxic elements release (e.g., V and Cr). The presence of such elements in heterogenous slag at the micro‐scale remains difficult for analysis since microstructural features can be missed during microscopy data inspection, thereby presenting a challenge in understanding how ecotoxic elements exist in slag. Here, an unsupervised machine learning‐based technique is used to analyze slag's microstructural features. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data are analyzed through Hierarchical Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) method. Results show that passive CO2 mineralization has occurred in situ in the studied samples, on the surface, and within their pores. Additionally, V and Cr regions with equivalent diameters < 42 µm can exist within slag, potentially making such elements prone to mobilization due to slag pulverization. Interrogation of the samples with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA‐ICP‐MS) confirms the distribution of the elements obtained from the clustering algorithm and further demonstrates that up to 84 and 9 ppm of V and Cr are incorporated in the precipitated calcite, respectively. This implies that ecotoxic elements may be immobilized through calcite precipitation.
Microalbuminuria sensitive near‐infrared AIE probe for point‐of‐care evaluating kidney diseases
Authors: Zhu Zhirong , Chen Xiaoyan , Liao Hongze , Li Li , Yang Haojian , Wang Qi , Zhu Wei‐Hong
Published: March 2024

Urinary microalbumin (mALB) serves as an exceptionally sensitive indicator for the early detection of kidney damage, playing a pivotal role in identifying chronic renal failure and kidney lesions in individuals. Nevertheless, the current fluorescent methodologies for point‐of‐care (POC) diagnosis of mALB in real urine still exhibit suboptimal performance. Herein, the development and synthesis of QM‐N2, an albumin‐activated near‐infrared (NIR) aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorescent probe, are presented. The strategic incorporation and positioning of quaternary ammonium salts within the quinoline‐malononitrile (QM) scaffold significantly influence solubility and luminescence characteristics. Specifically, the quaternary ammonium salt‐free variant, QM‐OH, and the quaternary ammonium salt integrated at the donor function group (DFG) site, QM‐N1, display limited solubility in aqueous solutions while demonstrating a distinct fluorescence signal. Conversely, the incorporation of quaternary ammonium salt at the conformational functional group (CFG) site in QM‐N2 imparts superior dispersibility in water and reduces the initial fluorescence. Furthermore, the integration of a well‐defined D‐π‐A structure within QM‐N2 enables itself with near‐infrared emission, which is crucial for mitigating interference from autofluorescence present in urine samples. Upon interaction with albumin, QM‐N2 forms a tight bond with the IIA site of the subdomain of human serum albumin (HSA), inducing alterations in protein configuration and constraining the intrinsic motion of fluorescent molecules. This interaction induces fluorescence, facilitating the sensitive detection of trace albumin. Ultimately, QM‐N2 is applied for POC testing of mALB using portable equipment, particularly in the diagnosis of mALB‐related diseases, notably chronic renal failure. This positioning underscores its potential as an ideal candidate for self‐health measurement at home or in community hospitals.
Communication of individuals with CDKL5 deficiency disorder as observed by caregivers: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Keeley Jessica , Benson‐Goldberg Sofia , Saldaris Jacinta , Lariviere Judy , Leonard Helen , Marsh Eric D. , Demarest Scott T. , Benke Tim A. , Jacoby Peter , Downs Jenny
Published: March 2024

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a genetically caused developmental epileptic encephalopathy that causes severe communication impairments. Communication of individuals with CDD is not well understood in the literature and currently available measures are not well validated in this population. Accurate and sensitive measurement of the communication of individuals with CDD is important for understanding this condition, clinical practice, and upcoming interventional trials. The aim of this descriptive qualitative study was to understand how individuals with CDD communicate, as observed by caregivers. Participants were identified through the International CDKL5 Disorder Database and invited to take part if their child had a pathogenic variant of the CDKL5 gene and they had previously completed the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Checklist (CSBS‐DP ITC). The sample comprised caregivers of 23 individuals with CDD, whose ages ranged from 2 to 30 years (median 13 years), 15 were female, and most did not use words. Semistructured interviews were conducted via videoconference and analyzed using a conventional content analysis. Three overarching categories were identified: mode, purpose and meaning, and reciprocal exchanges. These categories described the purposes and mechanism of how some individuals with CDD communicate, including underpinning influential factors. Novel categories included expressing a range of emotions, and reciprocal exchanges (two‐way interactions that varied in complexity). Caregivers observed many communication modes for multiple purposes. Understanding how individuals with CDD communicate improves understanding of the condition and will guide research to develop accurate measurement for clinical practice and upcoming medication trials.
Electrostatic Field in Contact‐Electro‐Catalysis Driven C−F Bond Cleavage of Perfluoroalkyl Substances
Authors: Wang Yanfeng , Zhang Jing , Zhang Wenkai , Yao Jiaming , Liu Jinyong , He Huan , Gu Cheng , Gao Guandao , Jin Xin
Published: March 2024

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent and toxic to human health. It is demanding for high‐efficient and green technologies to remove PFASs from water. In this study, a novel PFAS treatment technology was developed, utilizing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles (1–5 μm) as the catalyst and a low frequency ultrasound (US, 40 kHz, 0.3 W/cm2) for activation. Remarkably, this system can induce near‐complete defluorination for different structured PFASs. The underlying mechanism relies on contact electrification between PTFE and water, which induces cumulative electrons on PTFE surface, and creates a high surface voltage (tens of volts). Such high surface voltage can generate abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e., O2⋅−, HO⋅, etc.) and a strong interfacial electrostatic field (IEF of 109~1010 V/m). Consequently, the strong IEF significantly activates PFAS molecules and reduces the energy barrier of O2⋅− nucleophilic reaction. Simultaneously, the co‐existence of surface electrons (PTFE*(e−)) and HO⋅ enables synergetic reduction and oxidation of PFAS and its intermediates, leading to enhanced and thorough defluorination. The US/PTFE method shows compelling advantages of low energy consumption, zero chemical input, and few harmful intermediates. It offers a new and promising solution for effectively treating the PFAS‐contaminated drinking water.
A rapid assessment method to monitor the health status of habitat‐forming species in coastal benthic ecosystems
Authors: Figuerola‐Ferrando Laura , Garrabou Joaquim , Linares Cristina
Published: March 2024

Marine habitat‐forming (MHF) species in the Mediterranean are among the most threatened coastal species by human activities. In recent decades, different stressors (e.g., warming‐induced marine heatwaves and algal blooms) have caused mass mortality events in these key species. Overall, a common method to assess their health status at the Mediterranean Sea scale is lacking.

To fill this gap, the aim of this work is to present and validate a cost‐effective method, the Mortality Rapid Assessment Method, that is able to assess the health status of key MHF species, even through Citizen Science.

The Mortality Rapid Assessment Method is based on determining the impact of mortality on MHF species derived from the metric percentage of affected colonies or individuals. To validate the ability of the proposed method to assess the health status, it was compared to a more commonly used but time‐consuming and expert‐required metric based on the injured surface percentage of the colonies or individuals. For the validation, one of the most extensive (>47,500 colonies) demographic datasets of the octocoral Paramuricea clavata was used to conduct a comprehensive metric comparison.

The results showed a highly significant correlation between metrics from both methods (ρ = 0.86), confirming that the percentage of affected colonies provides a reliable assessment of the health status of gorgonian populations over broad spatial and temporal scales.

Bearing in mind that this metric can be applied to different MHF species, such as sponges, bryozoans and calcareous algae, and by non‐scientific personnel (managers and trained volunteers), its implementation can contribute to inform and enhance the effectiveness of the conservation and management plans for key MHF species at the scale of the Mediterranean Sea.
Spectroscopic and photometric behavior of LP Ori
Authors: Elmaslı Aslı , Ünal Kübra Özge , Özuyar Doğus
Published: March 2024

We performed spectroscopic and photometric analyses on the early B‐type LP Ori young stellar object located in the Orion Nebula. The high‐resolution spectra of LP Ori was obtained at the Ankara University Kreiken Observatory in 2023, while all spectra recorded over the past 19 years were extracted from the ESO and ESPaDOnS archives. In these spectra of LP Ori, there is typically an emission observed in the core of the Balmer profile. This structure is accompanied by a 14‐year interval inverse P‐Cygni repetition superimposed on the Balmer profile. Additionally, an emission in the 5,875 He I line is visible in the spectra in the year 2023. When this emission is considered together with the inverse P‐Cygni structures, these observations suggest that LP Ori is a Herbig Ae/Be star. The abundance pattern of LP Ori is close to solar with the exception of a slightly rich helium and slightly poor aluminum abundance. Additionally, the spectral energy distribution of LP Ori was constructed to confirm the infrared excess caused by its circumstellar disk. Furthermore, the photometric analysis performed on the TESS observations of LP Ori shows significant photometric variability and the frequency analysis reveals a Cephei star in its forthcoming evolution.
Hydrogels for ameliorating osteoarthritis: Mechanical modulation, anti‐inflammation, and regeneration
Authors: Jiang Xuwei , Sun Yuxiang , Lyu Yuanning , Kang Heemin , Zhao Jianyang , Zhang Kunyu , Bian Liming
Published: March 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative disease with limited clinical options for effective suppression. Recently, significant endeavors have been explored to reveal its pathogenesis and develop treatments against OA. Hydrogels, designed with a striking resemblance to the extracellular matrix, offer a biomimetic interaction with biological tissues, presenting a promising avenue for OA amelioration. As a result, biocompatible hydrogels have been erected incorporating on‐demand bioactivities to optimize the intra‐articular microenvironment, thereby alleviating OA symptoms and fostering the eventual regeneration of articular joints. This review highlights the collaborative objectives underlying the establishment of this tissue microenvironment, encompassing mechanical modulation, anti‐inflammation, and tissue regeneration. Specifically, we consolidate recent advances in hydrogel‐based biomaterials, serving as the tissue engineering scaffolds to replicate the lubrication properties of natural joints or the bioactive agent‐loaded vehicles to combat localized inflammation. Additionally, hydrogels function as cell scaffolds to facilitate the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and contribute to the advancement of cartilage regeneration. Finally, this review outlines the prospective directions for hydrogel‐mediated OA therapies.
Borago Officinalis L.: A Review Oon Extraction, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Slama Meriem , Slougui Nabila , Benaissa Akila , Nekkaa Amine , Sellam Feriel , Canabady‐Rochelle Laetitia
Published: March 2024

Borago officinalis L., an annual herb belonging to the Boraginaceae family, is used in the traditional medical practices of various countries and for multiple treatments, including respiratory disorders, colds, influenza, diarrhea, cramps, inflammation, palpitation, hypertension menopause, and post‐menopausal symptoms. Its pharmacological properties and biological activities ‐ among them antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, insecticidal, antigenotoxic, and anti‐obesity activity ‐ were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo and are related to its rich content of bioactive compounds (mainly phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, and terpenes) extracted from various parts of B. officinalis including leaves, flowers, seeds, and roots. This review summarizes all updated information on applied extraction processes, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of B. officinalis.
Discovery of Novel Hybrids of Edaravone and 6‐Phenyl‐4,5‐dihydropyridazin‐3(2H)‐one with Antiplatelet Aggregation and Neuroprotection for Ischemic Stroke Treatment
Authors: Li Yi , He Jieying , Luo Bilan , Yu Qinyang , Cai Ting , Li Yong , Fan Lingling , Zhou Xunrong , Tang Lei
Published: March 2024

Drugs with anti‐platelet aggregation and neuroprotection are of great significance for the treatment of ischemic stroke. A series of edaravone and 6‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydropyridazin‐3(2H)‐one hybrids were designed and synthesized. Among them, 6g showed the most effective cytoprotective effect against oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation‐induced damage in BV2 cells and an excellent inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid. Additionally, 6g could prevent thrombosis caused by ferric chloride in rats and pose a lower risk of causing bleeding compared with aspirin. It provides better protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats compared with edaravone and alleviates the oxidative stress related to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion by increasing the GSH and SOD levels and decreasing the MDA concentration. Finally, molecular docking results showed that 6g probably acts on PDE3 A and plays an anti‐platelet aggregation effect. Overall, 6g could be a potential candidate compound for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Pyridine Derivatives Containing Imidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]Thiadiazole Moiety
Authors: Yang Liu , Jiao Yu‐Xin , Quan Yan‐Hua , Li Ming‐Yu , Huang Xin‐Yi , Jin Jun‐Zheng , Li Siqi , Quan Ji‐Shan , Jin Cheng‐Hua
Published: March 2024

Four series of novel pyridine derivatives (17 a–i, 18 a–i, 19 a–e, and 20 a–e) were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Of all the target compounds, almost half target compounds showed moderate or high antibacterial activity. The 4‐F substituted compound 17 d (MIC=0.5 μg/mL) showed the highest antibacterial activity, its activity was twice the positive control compound gatifloxacin (MIC=1.0 μg/mL). For fungus ATCC 9763, the activities of compounds 17 a and 17 d are equivalent to the positive control compound fluconazole (MIC=8 μg/mL). Furthermore, compounds 17 a and 17 d showed little cytotoxicity to human LO2 cells, and did not show hemolysis even at ultra‐high concentration (200 μM). The results indicate that these compounds are valuable for further development as antibacterial and antifungal agents.
Maxillary root amputation: Case report with a 14‐year‐follow‐up and updated mini review
Authors: Ajlan Sumaiah A.
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical Message

Root resection is performed to create a maintainable furcation area in teeth with advanced periodontitis. However, the long‐term feasibility of this treatment remains controversial. We present a case in which distal root resection in a maxillary molar successfully preserved the form and function of the dentition for approximately 14 years.
Intramolecular Phenyl Transfer from a Boronate to Lithium in the Gas Phase Reveals Crucial Role of Solvation in Transmetalations
Authors: Kraft Finn , Koszinowski Konrad
Published: March 2024

In contrast to its behavior in solution, the adduct [(LiBr)(tBu)(Ph)Bpin]− (pin=pinacol) transfers its phenyl anion from boron to lithium upon fragmentation in the gas phase. Quantum chemical calculations predict this exceptional transmetalation to be exothermic relative to the separated reactants, [(tBu)(Ph)Bpin]− and LiBr, which we attribute to the high phenyl‐anion affinity of the coordinatively unsaturated LiBr unit. The addition of a single molecule of tetrahydrofuran drastically reduces the phenyl‐anion affinity of LiBr and thereby renders the transmetalation from boron to lithium endothermic. Thus, the probed system highlights the importance of solvation and ligation effects in transmetalations. For correctly predicting the direction, in which these reactions proceed, it is not sufficient to consider the electronegativities or partial charges of the involved metals or metalloids. Instead, the individual coordination states and their changes over the course of the reaction must be taken into account.
Non‐pharmacological interventions for asthma prevention and management across the life course: Umbrella review
Authors: Tong Xunliang , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Mengyuan , Wang Zijun , Dong Fawu , Gong Enying , Zuberbier Torsten , Li Yanming
Published: March 2024

Background

The impact of non‐pharmacological interventions (NPIs) on asthma prevention and management is insufficiently examined. We aim to comprehensively evaluate and synthesize existing evidence regarding the effectiveness of various NPIs throughout the life course.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search and screening of reviews that examined the effectiveness of various NPIs on asthma prevention and control in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases. Data extraction was performed by considering the type of NPIs and the life course stages of the target population. Recommendations were provided by considering the quality of review assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool and the consistency of findings across reviews.

Results

We identified 145 reviews and mapped the evidence on the impact of 25 subtypes of NPIs on asthma prevention and control based on five stages of life course. Reviews indicated a shift of focus and various impacts of major NPIs on asthma prevention and control across life courses, while a few types of NPIs, such as physical exercise, appeared to be beneficial in children, adolescents and adults. Consistent and high‐level evidence was observed only for psychological intervention on asthma control and quality of life among adults and older adults. Potential benefit with high‐level evidence was reported on certain NPIs, such as vitamin D in reducing risk of developing asthma in offsprings in the prenatal stage, digital health interventions in improving asthma control from childhood to older adulthood, and breathing exercise in improving quality of life, asthma‐related symptoms and lung function in adulthood and older adulthood.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the significance of delivering NPIs to improve asthma prevention and management and highlights the heterogeneity regarding the impact of NPIs across life courses. High‐quality research is urgently needed to further strengthen the evidence base of NPIs and tailored interventions should be considered in guideline development.
Development and verification of a novel immunogenic cell death‐related signature for predicting the prognosis and immune infiltration in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Li Jiachen , Li Zhengtian , Yang Wenkang , Pan Jianmin , You Huazong , Yang Lixiang , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: March 2024

Background

Insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis and tumor immunology of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has limited the development of immunotherapy. The importance of tumor microenvironment (TME) in immunotyping, prognostic assessment and immunotherapy efficacy of cancer has been emphasized, however, potential immunogenic cell death (ICD) related genes function in TME of TNBC has been rarely investigated.

Aims

To initially explore the role and related mechanisms of ICD in TNBC, especially the role played in the TME of TNBC, and to identify different relevant subtypes based on ICD, and then develop an ICD‐related risk score to predict each TNBC patient TME status, prognosis and immunotherapy response.

Methods and results

In this study, we identified distinct ICD‐related modification patterns based on 158 TNBC cases in the TCGA‐TNBC cohort. We then investigated the possible correlation between ICD‐related modification patterns and TME cell infiltration characteristics in TNBC. By using univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, we created a risk scoring system (ICD score) to quantifiably evaluate the impact of ICD‐related modification patterns in individual TNBC patient. Two different ICD‐related modification patterns were found with significant differences in immune infiltration. Lower ICD score was correlated with higher immune infiltration, tumor mutational burden and significantly enriched in immune‐related pathways, indicating a strong ability to activate immune response, which might account for relatively favorable prognosis of TNBC patients and could serve as a predictor to select suitable candidates for immunotherapy. We used two independent cohorts, GSE58812 cohort and Metabric cohort to validate prognosis and immunohistochemistry for preliminary in vitro validation.

Conclusion

This study evidenced that the ICD‐related modification patterns might exert pivotal roles in the immune infiltration landscape of TNBC and ICD score might act as potential predictors of prognostic assessment and immunotherapy response. This research provides unique insights for individualize immune treatment strategies and promising immunotherapy candidates screening.
FPHO: Fractional Pelican Hawks optimization based container consolidation in CaaS cloud
Authors: Patra Manoj Kumar , Sahoo Bibhudatta , Turuk Ashok Kumar
Published: March 2024

Containers in cloud computing provide a logical packaging technique for applications to be isolated from the computing environment in which they actually execute, allowing for efficient sharing of memory, processor, storage, and network resources at the Operating System (OS) level. Since they are so compact, container‐based clouds have recently gained significant popularity. In order to maximize resource usage and minimize energy consumption, the container consolidation technique is widely employed in the cloud environment. This work introduces container consolidation in cloud computing that exploits Fractional Pelican Hawks Optimization (FPHO). In Container as a Service (CaaS) model, containers are placed in the Virtual Machines (VMs), and virtual machines are hosted in Physical Machines (PMs) or servers. The proposed method for container consolidation consists of two modules, namely, the host status module and the consolidation module. In the host status module, the PM's load is predicted using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and checked whether the PM is overloaded or underloaded using a threshold. If it is overloaded, the container selection algorithm is performed, and the migration list is also generated. In the consolidation module, the created migration list which is employed for the destination list to be created by an overloaded destination selector. In the same way, the underloaded list is also generated by the underloaded destination selector. Finally, the container and VM migration is carried out by considering the multi‐objectives such as predicted load, migration cost, resource utilization, energy consumption, network, and bandwidth which are optimally selected by the proposed FHPO. Here, FHPO is the combination of Fractional Pelican Optimization (FPO) and Fire Hawk Optimizer (FHO). The designed model achieved the measures with minimum energy consumption, resource utilization, Service Level Agreement (SLA), and Makespan as 0.066, 0.019, 0.054, and 0.066, respectively for setup one.
Prediction of Feasibility of Polaronic OER on (110) Surface of Rutile TiO2
Authors: Pada Sarker Hori , Abild‐Pedersen Frank , Bajdich Michal
Published: March 2024

The polaronic effects at the atomic level hold paramount significance for advancing the efficacy of transition metal oxides in applications pertinent to renewable energy. The lattice–distortion mediated localization of photoexcited carriers in the form of polarons plays a pivotal role in the photocatalysis. This investigation focuses on rutile TiO2, an important material extensively explored for solar energy conversion in artificial photosynthesis, specifically targeting the generation of green H2 through photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2O splitting. By employing Hubbard‐U corrected and hybrid density functional theory (DFT) methods, we systematically probe the polaronic effects in the catalysis of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the (110) surface of rutile TiO2. Theoretical understanding of polarons within the surface, coupled with simulations of OER at distinct titanium (Ti) and oxygen (O) active sites, reveals diverse polaron formation energies within the lattice sites with strong preference for bulk and surface bridge (Ob) oxygen sites. Moreover, we provide the evidence for the facilitative role of polarons in OER. We find that hole polarons situated at the equatorial oxygen sites near the Ti–active site, along with bridge site hole polarons distal from the Ob active site yield a small reduction in OER overpotential by ~0.06 eV and ~0.12 eV, respectively. However, subsurface, equatorial, and bridge site hole polarons significantly reduce the Ti‐active site OER overpotential by ~0.4 eV through the peroxo–type oxygen pathway. We also observe that the presence of hole polarons stabilizes the *OH, *O, and *OOH intermediate species compared to the scenario without hole polarons. Overall, this study provides a detailed mechanistic insight into polaron–mediated OER, offering a promising avenue for improving the catalytic activity of transition metal oxide‐based photocatalysts catering to renewable energy requisites.
Genetic Determinants of Thiazide‐Induced Hyperuricemia, Hyperglycemia, and Urinary Electrolyte Disturbances – A Genome‐Wide Evaluation of the UK Biobank
Authors: Asiimwe Innocent G. , Walker Lauren , Sofat Reecha , Jorgensen Andrea L. , Pirmohamed Munir ,   the Multimorbidity Mechanism and Therapeutic Research Collaborative (MMTRC)
Published: March 2024

Thiazide diuretics, widely used in hypertension, cause a variety of adverse reactions, including hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and electrolyte abnormalities. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic variants that interact with thiazide‐use to increase the risk of these adverse reactions. Using UK Biobank data, we first performed genomewide variance quantitative trait locus (vQTL) analysis of ~ 6.2 million SNPs on 95,493 unrelated hypertensive White British participants (24,313 on self‐reported bendroflumethiazide treatment at recruitment) for 2 blood (glucose and urate) and 2 urine (potassium and sodium) biomarkers. Second, we conducted direct gene–environment interaction (GEI) tests on the significant (P < 2.5 × 10−9) vQTLs, included a second UK Biobank cohort comprising 13,647 unrelated hypertensive White British participants (3,478 on thiazides other than bendroflumethiazide) and set significance at P = 0.05 divided by the number of vQTL SNPs tested for GEIs. The vQTL analysis identified eight statistically significant SNPs for blood glucose (5 SNPs) and serum urate (3 SNPs), with none being identified for the urinary biomarkers. Two of the SNPs (1 glucose SNP: CDKAL1 intron rs35612982, GEI P = 6.24 × 10−3; and 1 serum urate SNP: SLC2A9 intron rs938564, GEI P = 4.51 × 10−4) demonstrated significant GEI effects in the first, but not the second, cohort. Both genes are biologically plausible candidates, with the SLC2A9‐mediated interaction having been previously reported. In conclusion, we used a two‐stage approach to detect two biologically plausible genetic loci that can interact with thiazides to increase the risk of thiazide‐associated biochemical abnormalities. Understanding how environmental exposures (including medications such as thiazides) and genetics interact, is an important step toward precision medicine and improved patient outcomes.
Getting Support for Adoption of Climate‐Smart 4R Practices
Authors: Bruulsema Tom , Ashford‐Kornburger Dana , Nigon Leanna , Menheere Nicole
Published: March 2024

Nutrient management, particularly for nitrogen, plays an important role in improving the carbon footprint of crop production. Many programs have recently expanded their offerings or funding levels of incentives to farmers to adopt more climate‐smart nutrient management practices. These programs provide opportunities for crop advisers to accelerate adoption among their clients of 4R practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support soil carbon sequestration. The intent of this article is to provide a broad description of the programs available and the practices most likely to be effective. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Some Concerns With Roundup Ready Spring Canola for Italian Ryegrass Control
Authors: Thorne Mark , Lyon Drew
Published: March 2024

Spring canola acreage in the Inland Pacific Northwest increased from just over 52,00 acres in 2017 to just under 191,000 acres in 2023. A large percentage of the spring canola acreage is planted to glyphosate‐resistant (Roundup Ready) varieties. And while glyphosate has provided excellent control of Italian ryegrass in glyphosate‐resistant spring canola, herbicide resistance can develop when a single site of action is used repeatedly over time. Thus, over the past two years (2022 and 2023), field studies were conducted to evaluate the benefits of using herbicides with different sites of action, both with and without glyphosate, for the control of Italian ryegrass in glyphosate‐resistant spring canola. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Impact of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure on firm risk: A meta‐analytical review
Authors: Singhania Monica , Gupta Dimple
Published: March 2024

While the relationship between ESG disclosures and firm risk has been researched substantially, the results remain inconclusive, and contradictory, as of 2023. Through meta‐analysis, we investigate the effect of ESG disclosures measured by studies using E, S, G, or ESG disclosure on firm risk measured as total, systematic, or idiosyncratic risk with a sample of 76 papers published between 1991 and 2023. To the best of our knowledge, this is the pioneering attempt to investigate the impact of ESG disclosure on firm risk by adopting a meta‐analytical procedure to assess the significance of estimated mean effect size followed by meta‐regression analysis to test the effect of potential moderators. E, S, and G disclosures were found to be inversely related to firm risk as proposed by stakeholder and legitimacy theories. Further, the relationship between ESG disclosures and firm risk was found to be more pronounced for idiosyncratic risk rather than systematic risk. Results confirmed that firm size and female participation significantly moderated the relation between ESG disclosures and the level of firm risk. However, R&D, financial flexibility, disclosure index, and ROA had an insignificant but negative impact on the relationship. Our findings provide solace to managers and policymakers who may increasingly invest in ESG activities without worrying as ESG investing results in reducing firm risk. In addition, to manage risk, portfolio managers may include more stocks of environmentally as well as socially responsible firms in their portfolios. Future studies may suggest new moderators in the field of ESG disclosures and firm risk, thereby broadening the theoretical realm. Subsequent studies should examine the influence of specific environmental concerns such as carbon emissions, as well as social concerns such as gender equality and employee compensation, on stock returns. It contributes to the prevailing debate on ESG disclosures and firm risk nexus as well as attempts to shed light on pertinence of moderators affecting the relationship.
Environmental, social, and governance performance and enterprise sustainable green innovation: Evidence from China
Authors: Sun Haibo , Bai Tonghuan , Fan Youqing , Liu Zhonglu
Published: March 2024

Sustainable development is a common development model pursued by countries around the world. The environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concept has garnered significant interest across industries globally. This study extends on existing research (Fang & Hu, 2023), from the perspective of innovation sustainability, and investigates the impact of ESG performance on enterprise sustainable green innovation (SGI). For the data of 1140 Chinese A‐share listed enterprises from 2009 to 2019, the estimated result shows that the coefficient of ESG performance is 0.6640 (p < 0.05). This means that ESG advantages significantly promote enterprise SGI. And the environmental dimension performance has a bigger promoting effect. The impact of ESG on SGI is significantly positive for growth and maturity stages, state‐owned, and non‐heavy pollution industry enterprises. Green investor and environmental subsidy are important ways for ESG performance to affect SGI. In addition, the executive environmental protection experience moderates the relationship between ESG performance and SGI in a significant and beneficial way. This study proposes that government agencies should implement differentiated ESG regulation measures and enterprises can increase their reliance on stakeholders and social resources to acquire additional resources. Theoretical and practical implications of this contribute to the enhancement of enterprise SGI.
Valorization of Field‐Spent Granular Activated Carbon as Heterogeneous Ozonation Catalyst for Water Treatment
Authors: López‐Francés Antón , Cabrero‐Antonino María , Bernat‐Quesada Francisco , Ferrer Belén , Blanes María , García Rafael , Almenar Pura , Álvaro Mercedes , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Baldoví Herme G. , Navalón Sergio
Published: March 2024

Developing sustainable cost‐effective strategies for valorization of field‐spent granular activated carbon (s‐GAC) from industrial water treatment has gained much interest. Here, we report a cost‐effective strategy for the regeneration of s‐GAC as an adsorbent in a large‐scale drinking water treatment plant and used as an efficient and durable ozonation catalyst in water. To achieve this, a series of samples is prepared by subjecting s‐GAC to thermally controlled combustion treatments with and without pyrolysis. The catalytic performance of the optimized sample is evaluated for oxalic acid degradation as the model pollutant under batch (>15 h) and continuous flow operations (>200 h). The partially deactivated catalyst upon reuse is restored by thermal treatment. Electron paramagnetic resonance and selective quenching experiments show the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) during catalytic ozonation. The GAC‐ozonation catalyst is efficient to minimize the formation of chlorinated disinfection by‐products like trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in an urban wastewater effluent.