bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prospective randomized double-blind trial of the efficacy of a bilateral lumbar erector spinae block on the 24h morphine consumption after posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery
Authors: breebaart margaretha , Aken David Van , De Fré Olivier , Sermeus Luc , Kamerling Niels , Michielsen Jozef , De Jong Lars , Roelant Ella , Saldien Vera , Versyck Barbara
Published: June 2019

Background: Spine surgery is associated with considerable postoperative pain and can be challenging to treat. A loco-regional technique suitable for spine surgery should cover the dorsal root of the spinal nerves at the levels where surgery is performed. The erector spinae block is a loco-regional technique with promising results that was recently described at the thoracic level. There are no randomized trials of this technique on a lumbar level. This study tests the hypothesis that the 24hour postoperative morphine consumption is significantly lower in patients undergoing posterior lumbar inter-body fusion surgery with a lumbar erector spinae (LUMBES) block when compared to a sham block. Methods: This prospective randomized double-blind multicentre study will randomly allocate 80 adult patients undergoing elective posterior lumbar inter-body fusion surgery during general anaesthesia to one of two groups as follows: 1. bilateral erector spinae block (20 mL 0.25% levobupivacaine) or 2. bilateral sham block (20 ml NaCl 0.9%). Our primary endpoint is the 24-hour postoperative morphine consumption. Secondary endpoints include: 72-hour morphine consumption, intraoperative sufentanil dosage, postoperative pain scores at regular time intervals both at rest and during movement, time to first post-operative mobilization and the Quality of Recovery 40 score. Discussion: The LUMBES trial is a pragmatic clinical study that will provide evidence of whether a bilateral lumbar erector spinae block is effective in reducing 24-hour postoperative morphine consumption in patients undergoing lumbar inter-body fusion surgery. If this hypothesis is confirmed, this finding could contribute to more widespread implementation of this technique.
Transcriptional characterisation of the Exaiptasia pallida pedal disc
Authors: Davey Peter A , Rodrigues Marcelo , Clarke Jessica L , Aldred Nick
Published: June 2019

Background
Biological adhesion (bioadhesion), enables organisms to attach to surfaces as well as to a range of other targets. Bioadhesion evolved numerous times independently and is ubiquitous throughout the kingdoms of life. To date, investigations have focussed on various taxa of animals, plants and bacteria, but the fundamental processes underlying bioadhesion and the degree of conservation in different biological systems remain poorly understood. This study had two aims: 1) To characterise tissue-specific gene regulation in the pedal disc of the model cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida, and 2) to elucidate putative genes involved in pedal disc adhesion.

Results
Five hundred and forty-seven genes were differentially expressed in the pedal disc compared to the rest of the animal. Four hundred and twenty-seven genes were significantly upregulated and one hundred and twenty genes were significantly downregulated. Forty-one condensed gene ontology terms and 19 protein superfamily classifications were enriched in the pedal disc. Eight condensed gene ontology terms and 11 protein superfamily classifications were depleted. Enriched superfamilies were consistent with classifications identified previously as important for the bioadhesion of unrelated marine invertebrates. A host of genes involved in regulation of extra cellular matrix generation and degradation were identified, as well as others related to development and immunity. Ab initio prediction identified 173 upregulated genes that putatively code for extracellularly secreted proteins.

Conclusion
The analytical workflow facilitated identification of genes putatively involved in adhesion, immunity, defence and development of the E. pallida pedal disc. When defence, immunity and development-related genes were identified, those remaining corresponded most closely to formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), implicating ECM in the adhesion of anemones to surfaces. This study therefore provides a valuable high-throughput resource for the bioadhesion community and lays a foundation for further targeted research to elucidate bioadhesion in the Cnidaria.
Intestinal DCs global gene expression dynamics affected by recombinant baker’s yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Han Baoquan , Zhang Tingting , Li Xinyi , Zhao Rui , Ge Wei , Mu Lu , Xu Kun , Zhang Zhiying
Published: June 2019

Background

The baker’s yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been widely used throughout our daily life in diverse aspects for thousands of years. The saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to specifically target the dendritic cells (DCs) in mammalian with a manner of antigen-receptor interaction as described previously. It is necessary to investigate the effect of the baker’s yeasts on global gene expression dynamics of intestinal DCs and explore the possibilities of using baker’s yeast as gene delivery vehicle to modulate animal’s immune functions

Results

with a murine oral delivery model in vivo, we confirmed the feasibility of using budding yeast as gene delivery vehicle to the intestinal DCs using the Western blots. We then examined the transcriptome profile of the mouse intestinal DCs upon yeast stimulus. The enrichment analysis of unique transcripts indicated the beneficial role of yeast in modulating the DC-mediated adaptive immunity. Compared with previous study, we also found that a large fraction of the regulated genes is coincident with the response induced by other fungus, suggesting that the budding yeast induces a similar tailored unique genetic re-programming of DCs. Another analysis of transcriptome profile indicated that expression of β-catenin gene significantly changes DCs gene expression related to inflammatory response and cell adhesion.

Conclusions

Here, we defined the role of budding yeast on global gene expression of intestinal DCs, and confirmed the important role of β-catenin gene on the DCs-related inflammatory response, which provides a framework for the development of mucosa yeast-based DNA vaccine.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBCLONAL STRUCTURE IN THYROCYTE POPULATION IN RADIOIODINE-REFRACTORY METASTASES OF PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER
Authors: Zelinskaya Anna
Published: June 2019

The aim of the study was cytological and immunocytochemical researches of thyrocyte populations in fine-needle aspiration smears of radioiodine-refractory metastases and their comparison with radioiodine-avid metastases and corresponding primary papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.

Materials and Methods. The cytomorphological and immunocytochemical researches were conducted on the fine needle aspiration smears of 60 papillary thyroid carcinomas and 104 metastases, which were detected in the postoperative period. We applied the indirect immunoperoxidase technique using primary monoclonal mouse antibodies against leukocyte-common antigen, macrophage antigen, thyroglobulin, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, cytokeratines 7.8, polyclonal rabbit antibodies against calcitonin.

Results. It was demonstrated, that radioiodine-avid metastases and corresponding primary papillary thyroid carcinoma smears had first type of cellular population with a relatively regular location of thyrocytes. Unlike them, radioiodine-refractory metastases smears had the second type of cellular population with irregularly location of thyrocytes among which showed up two cellular phenotypes. In our investigated smears some special cellular complexes were found – in 21 % of radioiodine-refractory metastases, 1 % in radioiodine-avid metastases and none of it in corresponding primary papillary thyroid. The cytological sign of cystic degeneration was found in 58 % of radioiodine-refractory metastases, but in radioiodine-avid metastases – was absent.

Conclusion. The radioiodine-refractory metastases of papillary thyroid cancer demonstrated their distinction from radioiodine-uptake metastases with a presence of phenotypic heterogeneity. It is shown, that an appearance of certain cell subpopulations, special cellular complexes and cystic degeneration in fine-needle aspiration smears of radioiodine-refractory metastases, which in radioiodine-uptake metastases and corresponding primary papillary thyroid carcinomas were not found, can be used during the preoperative period to forecast the impossibility of radioiodine treatment.
Dynamic correlation analysis in the ASEAN equity markets during 2009–2018
Authors: Aumeboonsuke Vesarach
Published: June 2019

This study examines the static and dynamic correlations in the ASEAN equity markets. The importance of this research appears from the fact that practitioners can get the benefit if their investments yield the same or higher returns given lower or the same risk in their portfolio. Firstly, this advantage comes from including the assets that decrease volatility of the portfolio. Hence, the correlation between the ASEAN markets should be examined. Secondly, co-movements in market realizations may increase global financial instability. Its existence is important for international investors, financial institutions, and policy makers. The study locates the relationship between ASEAN and its major trading partners, including Japanese, US, and UK markets, in order to find more rational results. This study utilizes alternative multivariate GARCH forms to provide useful information on the dynamic evolution and implications of return volatilities. The results show that the volatilities of all the equity markets under study are persistent over time. The estimates from VEC model indicate that the movements of the US and UK equity market returns have some degree of influence on several of the ASEAN equity markets. The results imply that, first, most of the developing ASEAN equity markets work by its own information with small relation to the developed world. Second, it is still convincing to state that investing in ASEAN equity markets should provide investors a better mean-variance portfolio. And, third, buy-and-hold strategy seems to be more beneficial than readjusting the ASEAN equities portfolio.
Artesãos, metafísica e ciência: as relações entre história da ciência e filosofia da ciência em Edgar Zilsel, Alexandre Koyré e Paolo Rossi
Authors: Cristino de Faria Rodrigo
Published: June 2019

Neste artigo, argumento que, apesar de suas diferençasmetodológicas e divisões institucionais, a filosofia da ciência e a históriada ciência são disciplinas que podem ser conectadas. Procuroexemplificar isso através da análise das concepções de RevoluçãoCientífica de três autores: Edgar Zilsel, Alexandre Koyré e Paolo Rossi.O primeiro argumenta que a Revolução Científica ocorre como efeitode uma mudança social; o segundo, como efeito de uma mudança dametafísica; enquanto o terceiro une, de certa forma, as concepçõesdos dois autores anteriores. Nos três autores, a interação entre história e filosofia é constitutiva de uma prática de pesquisa que une as duas abordagens.
Poder e Anarquismo: refletindo com Habermas
Authors: Martins dos Reis Claudio Ricardo
Published: June 2019

Meu objetivo é analisar a concepção anarquista de poder, trazendopara o debate Jürgen Habermas e sua crítica à Hannah Arendt.Começo apresentando uma breve análise conceitual do poder. Em seguidaexponho a concepção de poder nos anarquistas clássicos. Depois,apresento objeções de Habermas ao projeto anarquista e à concepçãode poder (e de política) em Arendt. Passo, então, a avaliar se aquelasobjeções de Habermas endereçadas diretamente ao anarquismo são motivadase se as objeções que ele direciona à Arendt podem se transferirao projeto anarquista. Para tal avaliação, utilizo as categorias de Habermastanto para reanalisar o projeto dos anarquistas clássicos quanto paraanalisar a concepção de poder numa vertente atual do anarquismo organizado.Concluo que aquelas objeções de Habermas ao anarquismocarecem de justificação e que a perspectiva anarquista possui pontos emcomum tanto com Arendt quanto com Habermas, devido à ampla valorizaçãodo agir comunicativo e por não excluir o papel da ação estratégica.
Realismo, perspectivismo e a questão da objetividade jornalística
Authors: Henriques Rafael da Silva Paes
Published: June 2019

O problema da objetividade jornalística se faz presentedesde a mais simples até a mais complexa operação realizada diariamentepelos jornalistas, mesmo quando não é tematizado. Da seleçãodo que fará, ou não, parte do noticiário, passando pela hierarquizaçãoe nomeação do que foi selecionado, até a edição dos fenômenosrelatados, o jornalista sempre conta com uma visão de como se estruturae se organiza o mundo em que vivemos e com uma consequentesuposta melhor maneira de se acessar e reproduzir as ocorrências deinteresse jornalístico. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os principaisargumentos de duas respostas para o problema da objetividadejornalística: o realismo e o perspectivismo. Esses são dois caminhosbastante distintos no que diz respeito aos posicionamentos ontológico,epistemológico e metodológico com os quais se procura esclarecero que está em jogo no processo de produção de notícias.
LA CARTOGRAFÍA ETNOGRÁFICA: UNA METODOLOGÍA PARA EL ESTUDIO DEL POBLAMIENTO DE MISIONES, ARGENTINA
Authors: Gallero María Cecilia
Published: June 2019

La “cartografía etnográfica” como una metodología innovadora propone complementar la cartografía –por ser una ciencia dedicada al estudio y elaboración de mapas– con la etnografía, por ser una herramienta fundamental para la reconstrucción del territorio como espacio representado y apropiado por los que lo habitan. Este trabajo se propone mostrar su aplicación a través de un ejemplo concreto, como lo es el poblamiento de la provincia Misiones, Argentina, caracterizada por una diversidad sociocultural inscripta temporalmente en un entramado de relaciones sociales que se distribuyen espacialmente, y que se hizo efectiva a través de la colonización oficial y privada; y espontáneamente según corrientes de migraciones de población de países fronterizos –Brasil y Paraguay-. Estas características conllevaron a la implementación de una metodología específica que permitiera estudiar dicho proceso de manera apropiada.
MAPAS SOCIAIS E A CARTOGRAFIA DO PASSADO: MEMÓRIAS TOPOGRÁFICAS DOS TUXÁ DE RODELAS-BA
Authors: Durazzo Leandro
Published: June 2019

A partir do histórico recente dos Tuxá de Rodelas, povo indígena habitante da margem baiana do rio São Francisco, refletiremos acerca dos impactos sócio-territoriais acarretados por grandes empreendimentos como barragens, hidrelétricas e deslocamentos compulsórios, mas também dos reflexos cartográficos que tais deslocamentos produzem na autorrepresentação dos sujeitos afetados. Para isso, analisamos brevemente o cenário de remoção dos Tuxá em finais dos anos de 1980, quando da construção da hidrelétrica de Itaparica e do subsequente enchimento de seu lago. A hidrelétrica inundou áreas próximas e encobriu totalmente a terra indígena tuxá existente até aquele momento, a Ilha da Viúva, ilha sanfranciscana mantida pelo povo como local de produção agropecuária para subsistência e também como espaço preferencial de práticas rituais. Em seguida, tratamos de alguns usos acadêmicos que pesquisadores tuxá têm realizado de materiais cartográficos antigos, como os mapas históricos da região produzidos sob ordens imperiais, e aventamos a hipótese de que tais usos tuxá de antigos materiais técnicos têm possibilitado novas modalidades de agência indígena no seio do universo acadêmico, no qual continuamente ampliam sua presença. Por fim, buscamos evidenciar como a autorrepresentação cartográfica dos Tuxá atuais faz coexistirem, simultaneamente, a paisagem contemporânea da região em que vivem e as memórias topográficas que, passadas décadas, permanecem centrais para as narrativas e descrições sobre o rio São Francisco antes do represamento.
A FRONTEIRA DA REALIDADE: RELAÇÃO DE PODER E RECONHECIMENTO TERRITORIAL EM CARTOGRAFIAS SOCIAIS
Authors: Nascimento Poliana de Sousa
Published: June 2019

Esse artigo tem como fundamental ponto de exposição destacar as diferentes relações de poder que permeiam a percepção do território através da elaboração de mapas oficiais organizados para manter o controle territorial pelo Estado; e mapas construindo a partir da relação de pertencimento e conhecimento territorial em territórios pertencentes a povos e comunidades tradicionais destacados em cartografias sociais. Tais cartografias sociais refletem formas de apropriação do conhecimento sobre o território que povos e comunidades tradicionais carregam, colocando em evidência a realidade que desejam destacar.  A maneira como expressam suas realidades simbólicas ou territoriais em suas autocartografias, garantem por intermédio desta, um mecanismo de confrontação e de controle de seus próprios territórios em oposição às informações divulgadas por órgãos oficiais.
Therapeutic Perspectives of Food Bioactive Peptides: A Mini Review
Authors: Priya Sulochana
Published: June 2019

Bioactive peptides are short chain of amino acids (usually 2-20) that are linked by amide
bond in a specific sequence which have some biological effects in animals or humans. These can be
of diverse origin like plant, animal, fish, microbe, marine organism or even synthetic. They are
successfully used in the management of many diseases. In recent years increased attention has been
raised for its effects and mechanism of action in various disease conditions like cancer, immunity,
cardiovascular disease, hypertension, inflammation, diabetes, microbial infections etc. Bioactive
peptides are more bioavailable and less allergenic when compared to total proteins. Food derived
bioactive peptides have health benefits and its demand has increased tremendously over the past
decade. This review gives a view on last two years research on potential bioactive peptides derived
from food which have significant therapeutic effects.
Plant-Derived Natural Alkaloids as New Antimicrobial and Adjuvant Agents in Existing Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Mittal Rajinder Pal , Jaitak Vikas
Published: June 2019

Infectious diseases, instigated by pathogenic microorganisms are the cause of numerous health problems in developing countries. Infectious diseases got a place in the list of top ten death causes worldwide. The reason behind that level of severity is antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance makes the antimicrobial agents useless when used in the treatment of infectious diseases. Microbes have very smartly achieved resistance against synthetic and semi-synthetic antimicrobial agents for their survival. Therefore, the handling of these diseases has become challenging. The resistance developing power is the reason for their existence since a million years. Due to their highly dangerous nature, proper treatment of infectious diseases has become a topic of concern. This leads the scientists or researchers to focus their research towards natural agents. Plants synthesize secondary metabolites to cope up with biotic and abiotic changes in the environment. Alkaloids are one of the secondary metabolites, synthesized by plants. Alkaloids protect the plant from predators and help them to fight with pathogens. The protecting nature of alkaloids can be used as a strong weapon in battle with resistant microorganisms. The purpose of this review is to provide information about the antimicrobial activity of alkaloids obtained from different plants and their combination with synthetic antimicrobials. Their mechanism of action against microorganisms is also given in the review.
Role of Polymorphisms of FAM13A, PHLDB1, and CYP24A1 in Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Wei Ying , Wang Xiaolin , Zhang Zhe , Xie Mingrui , Li Yuyao , Cao Hongxin , Zhao Xinhan
Published: June 2019

Background:

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are important
indicators of susceptibility to breast cancer.

Objective:

To assess the associations between SNPs in the FAM13A, PHLDB1, and
CYP24A1 gene and breast cancer risk in the Chinese Han population.

Methods:

We performed a case-control study including 379 female breast cancer
patients and 407 female healthy controls. The three SNPs were genotyped using Agena
MassARRAY platform. The χ2 test was used to compare alleles and genotypes
frequencies of polymorphisms between case and control groups. Genetic models
analyses to assess the associations between SNPs and breast cancer risk by computing
odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression.
RegulomeDB and HaploReg databases were used to calculate possible functional
effects of polymorphisms.

Results:

Overall analysis results showed that rs4809957 was associated with an
increased risk of breast cancer (allele A: OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.55, p = 0.024; AA
vs. GG: OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15–2.82, p = 0.010; recessive model: OR = 1.70, 95% CI:
1.12–2.58, p = 0.012); and rs1059122 was found to be associated with a reduced breast
cancer risk in the recessive model (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.51–0.98, p = 0.039).
Stratification analysis found significant associations between the three SNPs
(rs1059122, rs17748, and rs4809957) and breast cancer risk.

Conclusion:

Our results suggested that rs1059122 (FAM13A), rs17748 (PHLDB1), and
rs4809957 (CYP24A1) might contribute to breast cancer susceptibility in the Chinese
Han population. Future studies with large samples are required to confirm our findings,
as well as functional studies are needed to explore their function in the breast cancer
development.
Virtual Screening of Novel Hybrid Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Exploring Multiple Targeted Cancer Therapy by an In Silico Approach
Authors: Shah Ashish P. , Patel Chhagan N.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Dual-targeting/Multi-targeting of oncoproteins by a single drug molecule
represents an efficient, logical and alternative approach to drug combinations. In silico methods
are useful tool for the search and design of selective multi-target agents.

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to design new hybrid compounds by linking the
main structural unit of the NSAIDs with the benzothiazole and thiadiazole ring and to discover
new hybrid NSAIDs as multi targeted anticancer agents through in silico approach.

Method:

Structure-based virtual screening was performed by applying ADMET filtration and
Glide docking using Virtual screening Workflow. The docking studies were performed on three
different types of receptors TNF-α, COX-II and protein kinase. Bioactivity prediction of screened
compounds were done using Molinspiration online software tool.

Results:

Out of 54 designed compounds eighteen were screened on the basis of binding affinity on various receptors and ADMET filtration. Bioactivity prediction reveals that screened compounds may act through kinase inhibition or enzyme inhibition. Compounds 2sa, 5sa, 6sa and 7sa shows higher binding affinity with all three receptors.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that compound 2sa, 5sa, 6sa, and 7sa could be further explored
for multiple targeted cancer therapy.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Lateral Compartment Lymph Nodes in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Colakoglu Bulent , Alis Deniz , Seymen Hulya
Published: June 2019

Aims:

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound (US) assessing the lateral compartment
lymph node metastasis in patients with primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and to
demonstrate the incidence and patterns of the lateral lymph node metastasis.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 198 patients with primary PTC who underwent thyroidectomy
in addition to modified lateral neck dissections (MLND) involving level II to level V due to
clinically positive lateral neck disease. A skilled and experienced single operator performed all US
examinations. Surgical pathology results were accepted as the reference method and sensitivity,
specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of US in detecting metastatic lymph nodes established using
level-by-level analysis.

Results:

In the study cohort, 10.1% of the patients had lateral compartment lymph node metastases
without any central compartment involvement. For the lateral compartment, 48.5% had level II,
74.7% had level III, 64.6% had level IV, and 29.3% of the patients had level V metastasis. None of
the patients had isolated level V metastasis. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of
US in identifying lateral lymph compartment metastasis ranged from 87% to 91.4%, 92% to 98.6%
92.4% to 96%, respectively. However, the sensitivity (74.7%) and diagnostic accuracy (76.2%) of
US significantly decreased for the central compartment while specificity (90%) remained similar.

Conclusion:

US performed by a skilled operator has an excellent diagnostic accuracy for the
evaluation of lateral cervical lymph nodes in primary PTC; thus, might enable precise tailoring of
the management strategies. Moreover, the high incidence of level V involvement favors MLND
over selective approaches.
Primary Thalamic Haemorrhage – Clinical Profile and Prognostic Predictors from a Series of 117 Cases
Authors: Menon Girish , Hegde Ajay , Kongwad Lakshman I , Omkarappa Sandesh
Published: June 2019

Background:

Studies on isolated primary thalamic hematomas are limited. This study analyses 117 patients with primary thalamic hematomas and attempts to identify the various prognostic factors influencing the outcome.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of the case records was carried out to analyse the following prognostic parameters - GCS on admission, comorbidities like systemic hypertension and diabetes mellitus, side and site of hematoma, volume of the clot, presence of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), development of hydrocephalus, and the role of surgical intervention. A Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables, and Student t-test and Mann Whitney test were applied to calculate the P-value for continuous variables for univariate statistics. Binary Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.

Results and Discussion:

This study group comprised 67 men and 50 women with a mean age of 62.05±11.71years. The mean GCS on admission in the study group was 11.56±3.28. The mean clot volume was 13±9.5ml and majority (89.74%) of the patients had clots with a volume of less than 20 ml. An intraventricular extension was noted in 98 patients. Craniotomy and surgical evacuation were performed in only two patients while external ventricular drainage with urokinase instillation was performed in 23 patients. Of the 117 patients, 3 had anterior thalamic clots, 19 had posterior thalamic clots, 13 had medial clots, 53 had lateral thalamic bleeds and 29 had global clots. The overall three-month mortality with thalamic bleeds was 28.2%. At the end of three months, 59 patients (50.42%) had a favourable outcome (mRS < 4). On univariate analysis, male sex, dominant side bleed, preoperative GCS of less than 8 (p < 0.001), presence of hydrocephalus (p< 0.004) and a need for EVD (p<0.012) were found to be significantly associated with mortality and poor outcome. Similarly, clot volume less than 20 ml, right-sided bleed and surgical evacuation were associated with a favourable outcome (p < 0.001). On multiple logistic regression, age, volume of hematoma and GCS on admission were predictors for mortality and volume of hematoma was a significant predictor of poor outcome.

Conclusion:

Thalamic hematomas include a spectrum of clots of varying dimensions at different locations and the outcomes need not be uniformly poor. Isolated thalamic hemorrhages are generally small in volume preferentially located in the lateral thalamus. Patients with right-sided bleeds and small clot volume perform well. Male sex, poor GCS on admission, clot volume above 20 ml, intraventricular extension and a need for external ventricular drainage adversely influence the outcome.
The Effect of Minor Doses of Olanzapine-Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on an Animal Model of Schizophrenia (Neurochemical and Behavioral Study) and the Side Effect
Authors: Abd-Elrazek Areeg , Elnawawy Tayseer
Published: June 2019

Background and Objective:

Olanzapine (OLZ) is an atypical psychotic agent; the poor bioavailability of olanzapine is the most important issue in its treatment. The present work was carried out to evaluate the oral form of olanzapine solid lipid nanoparticles (OLZ-SLN) to overcome its poor bioavailability and compare between the effect of different doses of OLZ and OLZ-SLN on ketamineinduced schizophrenic-like symptoms. The study was extended to evaluate the adverse effects of subchronic administration of these doses of OLZ and its SLN.

Methods:

OLZ-SLN was prepared by hot homogenization, particle size, zeta potential and in vitro release and entrapping efficiency studies were performed. In order to assess the effective dose in the treatment of schizophrenia, the effect of different doses of OLZ and OLZ-SLN on open field was assessed and passive avoidance tests were carried out. The test was performed to examine the effects of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, as well as dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain regions.

Results and Conclusion:

The new oral formula showed high stability and sustained release. The administration of low and high dose of OLZ-SLN equivalent to (1/10 and 1/20 from the therapeutic dose before ketamine attenuated the behavioral abnormalities by blocking the effect of ketamine-induced increase in glutamate, dopamine and serotonin levels and enhanced apoptosis were studied in the brain areas. In addition, the sub-chronic treatment with OLZ-SLN showed no adverse effect while the treatment with OLZ free form did.
Adolescent Depression Screening: Not So Fast
Authors: Levin Edmund C.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Screening adolescents for depression has recently been advocated
by two major national organizations. However, this practice is not without controversy.

Objective:

To review diagnostic, clinical, and conflict of interest issues associated with the
calls for routine depression screening in adolescents.

Method:

The evaluation of depression screening by the US Preventive Services Task Force
is compared and contrasted with those of comparable agencies in the UK and Canada, and
articles arguing for and against screening are reviewed. Internal pharmaceutical industry
documents declassified through litigation are examined for conflicts of interest. A case is
presented that illustrates the substantial diagnostic limitations of self-administered mental
health screening tools.

Discussion:

The value of screening adolescents for psychiatric illness is questionable, as is
the validity of the screening tools that have been developed for this purpose. Furthermore,
many of those advocating depression screening are key opinion leaders, who are in effect
acting as third-party advocates for the pharmaceutical industry. The evidence suggests that a
commitment to marketing rather than to science is behind their recommendations, although
their conflicts of interest are hidden in what seem to be impartial third-party recommendations.
Inpatient Milieu Therapy: Considerations for Adolescent and Transitional Age Youth
Authors: Millard Hun , Parke Susan , Wilson Cynthia , Qayyum Zheala , Kim Hyun Jung , Van Deusen Timothy
Published: June 2019

Background and Goals:

The role of milieu therapy on inpatient treatment has become
more prominent due to the changing landscape of hospital care, with shorter length of
stay, higher patient acuity, and rapid turnover. The modern inpatient unit promotes less individual
psychotherapy with the psychiatrist or therapist, and more milieu and group based
treatment that emphasizes acute stabilization.

Methods:

The authors share some of the core domains that provide the basic framework for
milieu treatment within an acute care setting when working with adolescents and transitional
age youth (TAY), with the aim to share clinical considerations for milieu therapy and offer
practical ideas for implementation in clinical practice.

Discussion:

The therapeutic milieu and collaboration of an interdisciplinary team has a significant
impact on hospital treatment. Considerations for milieu therapy implementation in
an inpatient unit include developmentally informed concepts related to milieu treatment of
adolescents and TAY patients in a hospital setting.
Mixing of Graphite with X-ray Irradiated Water Towards the Exfoliation of Graphene Layers
Authors: Dwandaru Wipsar S.B. , Pratama Buky W. , Wisnuwijaya Rhyko I. , Parwati Lia D. , Khaerudini Deni S. , Supardi  , Suparno
Published: June 2019

Background:

This study aims to study the mixing of graphite with water irradiated by X-ray
(low energy gamma ray) towards the formation of graphene oxide (GO).

Methods:

The graphite is obtained from Zinc-Carbon (ZnC) battery wastes. This is a simple alternative
technique in synthesizing GO based on X-ray irradiation without involving additional chemicals. X-ray irradiation
is conducted upon 10 ml of distilled water using 20 kV of X-ray with irradiation time variation of
3 and 4 h. The X-ray irradiation towards the distilled water causes radiolysis to occur in the water. The
graphite solution consists of 0.6 gm of graphite in 100 ml of distilled water. The GO is formed by mixing
the X-ray irradiated water with 5 drops of the graphite solution. The sample solutions obtained are shaken
several times and left to settle for a night. The samples are then characterized using UV-Visible (UV-Vis)
and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopies, and tunneling electron microscopy (TEM), whereas
scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) characterization is done by coating
the sample on glass slides.

Results:

The UV-Vis characterization results show a red shift of absorbance peaks from 234.5 nm to 244.5
nm as the time of irradiation is increased. These peaks indicate the formation of GO in the samples. The
FTIR characterization results indicate that there are functional groups of OH, C=C, and C-O in the samples,
which also show the existence of GO. The SEM images show the surface morphology of the sample,
which resembles smooth-quadrilateral lump of clays, and the EDX result shows that the sample is composed
of 2.86%, 54.02%, 11.62%, 2.2%, 26.23%, and 3.06% of carbon, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, silicon,
and calcium atoms, respectively. The occurrence of carbon and oxygen atoms verifies further the formation
of GO in the samples.

Conclusion:

Finally, the TEM result shows few-layers of GO materials supported by the electron diffraction
pattern showing hexagonal structure of the GO.
Artificial Light Pollution at Night: A Risk for Normal Circadian Rhythm and Physiological Functions in Humans
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Ashawat Mahendra S. , Pandit Vinay , Sharma Dinesh K.
Published: June 2019

From the past three to four decades, ecologists and scientists have exhaustively studied the effect of increased artificial light pollution at night on the ecological and physiological behavior of mammals. The Suprachiasmatic Nuclei (SCN) or master clock in the brain of mammals including humans synchronizes the physiological functions with the light: dark cycle. The prolongation of light period in the light: dark cycle disrupts the circadian rhythm of mammals causing several negative or modified physiological consequences. Changed physiological level of melatonin, an important endocrine hormone, had been identified as an important factor causing different consequences such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress, and depression. The presence of artificial light at night is the demand of the era but thoughts must be given to the prevention of consequences due to artificial light pollution and ‘how much is needed’. The review paper discusses the effect of artificial light pollution on the biological clock of humans and associated negative physiological consequences. Further, the paper also briefly discusses the economics of light pollution and measures needed to prevent physiological disorders in humans.
Ammoides verticillata Essential Oil as Biocontrol Agent of Selected Fungi and Pest of Olive Tree
Authors: Senouci Hanane , Benyelles Nassira G. , Dib Mohammed EA , Costa Jean , Muselli Alain
Published: June 2019

Background:

Ammoides verticillata Briq is an aromatic and medicinal herb that has
been widely used in folk medicine for treatment of several types of pathologies such as respiratory
problems, colds, fever, headache, gastric disorders and renal infections.

Objective:

Essential oils have been subjected of numerous works for their antimicrobial and insecticidal
properties which have been valued by hundreds of publications and patents. The main objective
of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition, and the in vitro and in vivo antifungal,
and insecticidal properties of essential oil of Ammoides verticillata.

Methods:

In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Ammoides verticillata were hydrodistilled in a
Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil isolated was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)
and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oil was investigated
against four plant fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil on disease
development of olive caused by Penicillium crustosum and Aspergillus niger in the in vivo
conditions. The fumigation test of the essential oil was evaluated against L3 stages, pupas and
adults of Bactrocera oleae known as the olive fly.

Results:

The essential oil of A. verticillata was characterized mainly by carvacrol (44.3%), limonene
(19.3%) and p-cymene (19.2%). The result of in vitro antifungal activity of essential oil
showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium solani strains
with percentage inhibition of 89%. Furthermore, oil of A. verticillata has demonstrated promising
in vivo antifungal activity to control infections of olives caused by Aspergillus niger and
Penicillium crustosum. In addition, the essential oil exhibited fumigation toxicity against Bactrocera
oleae with mortality percentage of 100% at 2 μL/L air.

Conclusion:

The results showed that essential oil of A. verticillata has interesting biological activities,
which suggests that oil have the potential to be used as biocide to protect olives of pathogenic
fungi and pests.
Quantitative Explanation of Retention Mechanisms in Reversed-phase Mode Liquid Chromatography, and Utilization of Typical Reversed-phase Liquid Chromatography for Drug Discovery
Authors: Hanai Toshihiko
Published: June 2019

The retention mechanism in reversed-phase liquid chromatography was quantitatively
described using log P (octanol-water partition coefficient). The hydrophobic (lipophilic) interaction
liquid chromatography was then used to measure the hydrophobicity of a variety of compounds.
Furthermore, the technique has been used as an analytical method to determine molecular
properties during the drug discovery process. However, log P values cannot be applied to other
chromatographic techniques. Therefore, the direct calculation of molecular interactions was proposed
to describe the general retention mechanisms in chromatography. The retention mechanisms
in reversed-phase liquid chromatography were quantitatively described in silico by using simple
model compounds and phases. The competitive interactions between a bonded-phase and a solvent
phase clearly demonstrated the retention mechanisms in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
Chromatographic behavior of acidic drugs on a pentyl-, an octyl-, and a hexenyl-phase was quantitatively
described in the in silico analysis. Their retention was based on their hydrophobicity, and
hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction were selectivity of the hexenyl-phase. This review
focuses on the quantitative explanation of the retention mechanisms in reversed-phase liquid
chromatography and the practical applications in drug discovery.
The Ecosystem of Business Education in a Technology Environment
Authors: Frankel Jane Hartman
Published: June 2019

:

The Knowledge Economy is the environment within which we live and work
today. It impacts all work, both within organizations and the emerging workforce. The
Knowledge Economy relies on workers’ expertise (individual knowledge) and the informed
integration of this knowledge to move an organization in a positive direction. This article
describes a Knowledge Economy program (Project-based Internships) that enables
organizations and new workforce members to experience and grasp the importance of
knowledge work in sustaining and growing organizations. This is especially applicable to
the technology domain as the founders in this area are focused on their individual
knowledge of science and technology. They often need to build sustainable organizations
with knowledge work to deliver and sustain their expert inventions and/or discoveries.

:

Knowledge work has two distinct attributes that define its orientation and operation.
Knowledge workers are autonomous in their work and they are asset-thinkers, meaning that
all work is focused on a result, which will create value for an organization. Within these two
attributes, knowledge workers also must recognize the difference between quality and
quantity, use project structures, and continuously evaluate for learning and innovation.

:

Our current education system does not recognize the individual knowledge perspective in
shaping students’ experiences. Project-based work is structured to empower and enable
students’ experiences to be knowledge work to foster this thinking and its best practices and
to create the environment that supports knowledge work within the organizations that the
knowledge worker serves.

:

Various current-day methodologies are built into the structured project work, such as The Lean
Startup, the recognition of invisible capital and growth mindsets, building knowledge work
capabilities, and, finally, building an organizational environment in which success will thrive.
Secondary Metabolites of Plant Origin Containing Carbazole as Lead Molecule: A Review
Authors: Sharma Atul , Pathak Devender
Published: June 2019

The continuous attempt of drug discovery and search for a potential drug molecules with promising pharmacological activities is always of immense interest. Most of those chemical compounds having active pharmacological effects contain heterocyclic nucleus or compounds. Heterocyclic compounds clutch a particular place among pharmaceutically active natural and synthetic compounds. The ability to serve both as biomimetics and reactive pharmacophores of the heterocyclic nucleus is incredible and principally contributed to their unique value as traditional key elements of many drugs. These heterocyclic nuclei offer a huge area for new lead molecules in drug discovery and for the generation of activity relationships with biological targets to enhance their pharmacological effects. In the heterocyclic nucleus, the hydrogen bond acceptors and donors arranged in a manner of a semi-rigid skeleton in heterocyclic rings and therefore can present a varied display of significant pharmacophores. Lead identification and optimization of a probable drug target can be achieved by the generation of chemically diverse heterocyclic pharmacophores with different groups or substituents. Herein, an attempt is made to review and summarize the naturally occurring carbazole containing alkaloids obtained from Murraya, Causena and Glycosmis species and their potential towards anticancer activity. Carbazole is a tricyclic heterocyclic molecule and an integral part of naturally occurring alkaloids possessing various potential biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial and antiviral. Due to the high binding affinity of carbazole towards nucleic acid/ receptor and mimicking their biological activity, carbazole derived alkaloids exhibit the potential cytotoxic effect.
Effect of Organic Acids on the Electrochemical Migration of Tin in Thin Electrolyte Layer
Authors: Liao Bokai , Cen Hongyu , Chen Zhenyu , Guo Xingpeng
Published: June 2019

Background and Objective:

The effects of representative solder flux residue weak organic
acids on electrochemical migration (ECM) of tin in thin electrolyte layer were studied using
a technique based on the coupling of in situ electrochemical measurements and optical observations,
as well as ex situ characterizations.

Methods and Results:

The results showed that the increasing amount of weak organic acid decreased
the probability of ECM and dendrites formed were mainly composed of metallic tin. Tin
ions reacted with organic compound ions from hydrolysis of weak organic acids to form complexes
with electronegativity, which retarded the transfer of tin ions. Some complexes can be oxidized
to the insoluble tin oxides on the anode surface and blocked the dissolution of anode during tin
ECM.

Conclusion:

The growth rate of tin dendrite was found to be limited by the dissociation of complexes.
Mechanisms involved were proposed to explain the role of weak organic acid in the tin
ECM.
Возбуждение вихревых течений на свободной поверхности жидкости вибрирующей пластиной
Authors: Александров В.А. , Копысов С.П. , Тонков Л.Е.
Published: June 2019

This article is devoted to the investigations of free surface flows excited by a partially submerged plate.
Low-frequency oscillations of the plate lead to the formation on the liquid surface of two vortices on each side of the plate, in which a liquid move away from the surfaces of the plate. Under parametric excitation of transverse capillary waves in a thin layer of liquid wetting the surface of the plate, the direction of the vortex flow is reversed. High-frequency vibrations of the plate lead to the formation of secondary vortices on the liquid surface.
Зависимость потенциала пробоя от скорости роста напряжения в длинной разрядной трубке при низком давлении
Authors: Ионих Ю.З. , Мещанов А.В. , Иванов Д.О.
Published: June 2019

The dynamical breakdown voltage in a long (80 cm) discharge tube is measured for neon, argon, their mixture, and argon with mercury vapors at a pressure of 80 – 400 Pa in a wide range of anode voltage rise rate (dU/dt ~ 10–4 – 102 kV/ms). Non-monotonous dependence of the breakdown potential on the dU/dt magnitude is found, with the minimum at 0.1 – 10 kV/ms values. The growth of the breakdown voltage at higher dU/dt is caused by existence of the breakdown delay time. The increase in the breakdown potential in a lower voltage rise rate is presumably due to specialty of the breakdown in long tubes and is a result of the deposit of the surface charge on the tube wall. The charge diminishes potential difference between the anode and the wall, so obstructing the initial breakdown between them. The data of additional experiments with the pulses raised to the constant level pedestal confirm the possibility of such explanation.
Экспериментальное исследование разрушения преград с различными физико-механическими характеристиками при ударном нагружении
Authors: Захаров В.М. , Буркин В.В.
Published: June 2019

The paper investigates destruction of homogeneous targets with various physico-mechanical characteristics as a result of their interaction with high-strength steel projectiles. Experiments have been conducted, and the results obtained have been compared with equiva-lent targets. The comparison of targets was based on their weight equivalence (the weights of the measured target areas were made equivalent to eliminate the differences of the material thickness). The initial velocity of the interaction ranged from 50 to 800 m/s. To register movements of the projectiles after their perforating the target, a two-point X-ray flash photog-raphy was used. The X-ray photographs demonstrated dependence of after-perforation veloci-ty values on the initial impact velocities. The study concludes with analyzing the features of target destruction and resistance. The results of the experiments were illustrated on perforation diagrams.