bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Views and Perceptions toward Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study from a Rural, Agricultural Community in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Authors: Guruge G. N. Duminda , Dahlström Charlotta , Perera Manuja , Andersson Lena M. C.
Published: May 2022

Community’s perception toward mental illness is a major determinant of stigma and discrimination toward mental illness, ignorance, delayed help-seeking attitude, and treatment options. Conceptions of mental illness are often influenced by sociocultural structures and health literacy among communities. Despite the increased burden of mental health problems, little is known about knowledge and perception of the public toward mental illness in rural communities in Sri Lanka. A community-based qualitative study was conducted in a rural, agricultural community in the district of Anuradhapura, in North-Central province of Sri Lanka to explore perception and attitudes toward mental illness. Eight individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews and one group interview were conducted among a convenient sample of 15 lay community members. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. Participants described their views and perceptions toward conceptualizing mental illness under four themes, namely, causes of mental illness, complementary treatment methods, stigma and social discrimination, and supporting factors for mental well-being. Poverty, bad relationships, and beliefs influenced by sociocultural and religious background were considered as the main causes of mental illness. Misconceptions, stigma, and discrimination of mentally ill people and their families delayed help-seeking behavior and caused barriers to mental health-care provision. There is a strong need for increasing mental health literacy and awareness among people in rural communities. People’s sociocultural and religious beliefs should take into account when caring for mentally ill people and their family members.
Coronavirus Disease-19 Pneumonia or Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in a Patient with Diabetes: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Banerjee Ayan , Bhattacharya Pradipta , Roy Hironmoy , Sen Sukanta
Published: May 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and pneumocystis pneumonia share many overlapping features and may be clinically indistinguishable on initial presentation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the subfamily of beta-coronavirus, which are responsible for respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases, due to their broad tissue tropism. In the present patient, the course was acute with dyspnea being one of the major symptoms and lung involvement was seen to be peripheral. The two negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reports for SARS-CoV-2 along with the differences in the interpretation of the computed tomography scans led to the diagnosis difficulty in the present case. COVID-19 pneumonia may have similar presentation like that of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. The low sensitivity of RT-PCR which is considered the gold standard of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and the similarities in presentation between the two types of pneumonia, along with increased prevalence of both the types of pneumonia amongst diabetics, may give rise to diagnostic difficulties.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Quinoline Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Jonny , Kumar Arvind
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Heterocyclic compound quinoline, a very important category of heterocyclic compounds, and its derivatives have medicine properties. Quinoline contains element heterocyclic aromatic ring. It’s additionally referred to as benzopyridine or 1-aza-napthalene and chemical formula of quinoline is chemical formula C9H7N. Methods: Synthesis of quinoline derivative from 4-Methoxy-acetophenon and 1H-Indole-2,3-dione after that reaction between 2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid and using excess of dry methanol in the presence con. H2SO4 for the synthesis of 2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester and this intermediate product react with hydrazine hydrate in methanol and 2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide derivative collated and react with five deferent substituted acetophenone. Five quinoline derivatives were synthesis and were synthesis, characterization and evaluated antimicrobial activity against standard drug. Results: Some new substituted quinoline derivative 2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid (1-phenyl-ethylidene) hydrazide (M1), 2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid [1-(4-amino-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazide (M2), 2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid [1-(4-bromo-phenyl)-ethylidene] hydrazide (M3), 2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid [1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazide (M4) and 2-(4-Methoxy-phenyl)-quinoline-4-carboxylic acid [1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene]-hydrazide (M5). All derivatives were found the active against different microorganism. Some compounds show the good antifungal activity. Conclusion: Some new substituted quinoline derivative synthesis and evaluated antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial stain and fungal stain. All derivatives were shown the antimicrobial activity.
A Narrative literature review on Phytopharmacology of a Caricature Plant: Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. (Syn: Justicia picta Linn.)
Authors: Goswami Mamta , Ojha Abhijeet , Mehra Meenakshi
Published: May 2022

Graptophyllum pictum is a plant used in medicine from the time of Ayurveda, the ancient system of Indian medicine. This review article is presented to give an insight on all the updated information on its pharmacological activities. Studies indicated that G. pictum possesses diverse medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, oxytocic, and anti-implantation properties. This review comprehends the numerous medicinal uses and present literature for pharmacological review of G. pictum belongs to family Acanthaceae.
Various Solvent Effects on Phytochemical Screening and Gas Chromatography–mass Spectroscopy Analysis of Tephrosia Villosa Leaf Extract Mass
Authors: Nisha KM. Jerun , Kiruthika M. Lakxmi , Vanitha A. , Kalimuthu K.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Plants produce various chemicals to protect themselves; but recent studies proved that many phytochemicals can also protect humans against infectious diseases. The present study was conducted to identify and characterize the phytoconstituents and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extract of leaves of Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. of family Fabaceae. Materials and Method: The leaf extracts were subjected to qualitative screening for primary and secondary metabolites as per standard methods; further, GC–MS analysis was carried out for the identification of secondary metabolites. Result: Preliminary phytochemical screening of leaf extract of T. villosa showed positive result for alkaloids, flavonoids and triterpenoids, saponins, glycosides, gum and mucilages, and fixed oils in methanolic extract which is followed by aqueous extract. In quantitative analysis, the highest amount of phenolic content was obtained in aqueous extract, tannin in petroleum ether, and flavonoids and saponins in ethyl acetate. GC–MS analysis of leaf extract revealed the presence of 53 bioactive phytochemical compounds. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the species contain effective phytochemical compounds, need further research on toxicological aspects to develop a safe drug.
Hepatoprotective Study of Grewia Asiatica
Authors: Monica C. L. , Vishnuvardhan Z.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Plants have always been a very good source of drugs. Liver disorders are nearly one of the lethal ailments in the globe now a day. Hence, in the present study, we intend to evaluate the hepatoprotective study of Grewia asiatica. Materials and Methods: G. asiatica was collected from hills of Tirupati, dried, and powdered. Healthy male Wistar albino rats with paracetamol and CCl4-induced liver damage were studied on day 1 and 7 for the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum alanine transaminase (SGPT), ALKP, and total protein levels after the extract was given at different concentrations. The results were compared histologically. Results: The hepatoprotective effect of the plant extract and combination also proved by measuring the liver related parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, ALKP, and total protein which were elevated in disease but significantly reduce in standard and plant extract treated groups. Conclusion: G. asiatica plant extracts were safe for treating the hepatic diseases and did not show any toxicities or drug-related interactions but future pharmacokinetic studies required to validate the given result.
Evaluation of Antiobesity Activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken Leaves Extract in Cafeteria Diet Induced Obesity in Rats
Authors: Chandra Komal , Kumar Preetam , Kaur Virender , Kumar Yatindra , Kumar Tirath
Published: May 2022

Present study was aimed to scrutinize the antiobesity activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken leaves aqueous extract (AEBP) in the cafeteria diet-induced obesity in rats. Female Wistar rats weighing between 100-150 g were allocated in five groups (n=6) i.e. normal control, obesity control, standard drug (Orlistat) treated group, test drug (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg AEBP) treated groups. The result revealed that B. pinnatum leaves prevented the increase in BMI, food intake, body weight, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol level without affecting water intake. This study provides evidence for the antiobesity activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam) Oken leaves.
Dark atoms and composite dark matter
Authors: Cline James
Published: May 2022

I selectively review the theoretical properties and observational
limits
pertaining to dark atoms, as well as
composite dark matter candidates bound by a confining gauge
interaction: dark glueballs, glueballinos, mesons and baryons.
Emphasis is given to cosmological, direct and indirect
detection constraints. Lectures given at Les Houches Summer School
2021: Dark Matter.
Evidencias psicométricas del inventario ansiedad estado-rasgo: IDARE en universitarios de Lima en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Anicama Gómez José , Pizarro Arteaga Ruth Damaris , Pineda López Carolina Estefany , Vallenas Pedemonte Francisco Antonio , Aguirre Morales Marivel Teresa , Villanueva Blas Laura Fausta
Published: May 2022

420 universitarios de Psicología y Derecho fueron evaluados con el objetivo de actualizar las evidencias psico- métricas del Inventario ansiedad estado-rasgo: IDARE en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19. La muestra estuvo compuesta por hombres y mujeres, siendo mayor el grupo de mujeres, con un rango de edad de entre 18 a 57 años. Las pruebas de validación con jueces expertos permiten obtener una “V” de Aiken mayor a 0.80, y los valores de la prueba binomial fueron significativos con una p <.05. Las pruebas de análisis discriminativo ítem-test obtuvieron puntajes para todo el Inventario que van entre 0.334 a 0.679, eliminando el ítem 34 por no cumplir los criterios esperados. Para la validez convergente, su correlación con el Cuestionario CASO A30 obtuvo para A-E una “r” de .320 y para A-R de .522; ambas con una p <.05. La validez de constructo fue evaluada mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, hallándose 4 escalas independientes: ansiedad estado, bienestar estado, ansiedad rasgo y bienestar rasgo. La confiabilidad se obtuvo calculando el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach = 0.86 y el coeficiente omega de McDonald = 0.89. Asimismo, en la confiabilidad por mitades de Guttman encontraron valores entre 0.76 a 0.89. Se establecieron baremos por sexo y por edad para la población total. La prevalencia de la ansiedad en universitarios de Lima fue de 29.4 %, se aproxima a los datos de China y Colombia, pero es más alta que en Inglaterra, todos en tiempos de COVID-19.Palabras claves: Ansiedad estado, ansiedad rasgo, IDARE, universitarios, COVID-19.
Modelos em geografia – Uma breve discussão
Authors: Corrêa Roberto Lobato
Published: May 2022

Este texto procura discutir brevemente o uso de modelos em geografia. Trata-se de um esforço de resgatar o uso de um amplo conjunto de procedimentos epistemológicos e metodológicos que durante as décadas de 1950 e 1960 foram importantes nos Estados Unidos e alguns países europeus, enquanto no Brasil sua importância verifica-se na década de 1970. O uso de modelos em geografia foi objeto de forte polêmica confrontando-se, em um extremo, fervorosos adeptos de seu uso e, em outro, ferozes críticos. Neste resgate procura-se superar este antagonismo admitindo-se que o uso de modelos constitui um procedimento relevante para a pesquisa em geografia. Este argumento está apoiado na crença de que a elaboração e reelaboração de modelos constituem-se em parte integrante do processo cognitivo, que permite ao ser humano situar-se e agir sobre a cada vez mais complexa realidade em que vive.
Facing global transitions in water management: Advances in knowledge and capacity development and towards adaptive approaches
Authors: Alaerts G. J. , Kaspersma J. M.
Published: May 2022

The significance, approaches, and instruments of knowledge and capacity development (KCD) in water management are reviewed, and priorities for the future are proposed. These concepts have become more mainstream, critical in helping water organisations decide on and implement policies, and generating economic returns. Their application still tends to be often limited to education or ‘training’. KCD requires an understanding of the physical world, how institutions must be strengthened to manage it, and how pedagogical and knowledge-management tools, in turn, strengthen the institutions. The private sector first applied knowledge management. The international development theory highlighted the deficiency of governments in implementation capacity. The health and environmental communities are developing an ‘implementation science’ to enhance the capacity to operationalise know-how faster. Advances in KCD include the following: (1) knowledge and capacity converging in nested levels (individual, organisational, institutional, and societal) to cause effective action; (2) six arenas/contexts of KCD application; and (3) pedagogy and knowledge-management through which learning occurs and knowledge is imparted. KCD is a ‘sticky’, slow process. Policy analyses tend to overlook the role of KCD. The water sector is facing acute challenges: a new one of building resilient water-and-land systems and adapting to climate change, and the outstanding one of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thus, the current KCD must be scaled up, and also structured with a longer-term perspective to support change and reform at policy and organisational levels building on iterative adaption. Policies should become pro-active shaped by modelled forecasts; and organisations more able to change and adapt to future scenarios that are complex, uncertain, and evolving rapidly. Enhancing the capacity to implement policies, establish ‘learning organisations’, and design iterative adaptive pathways requires sustained political commitment. While adopting a long-term programme, supportive KCD activities should stay realistic and manageable.
Prediction of soil water characteristic curves based on low suction section and inflection point
Authors: Zhao Wenju , Ma Feng , Hu Jiazhen , Shi Fuyuan , Wang Yali
Published: May 2022

Given the cumbersome determination method of the Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC), the collapsible loess (silty clay loam) in Lanzhou was taken as the research object to explore a symmetrical prediction method for SWCC in a low suction section on the inflection point, and to determine the optimal suction section and the inflection point. The results showed that in the range of 0–7,000 cm suction, the spatial variation coefficient (CV) of soil saturation of each bulk density increased with the increase of suction. Soil saturation showed weak spatial variability when suction <800 cm, and moderate spatial variability when suction ≥800 cm. Using a bulk density of 1.58 g/cm3 as an example, the SWCC determined by the symmetry of the bending point was compared with the measured data of 0–300, 0–500, 0–800 and 0–1,000 cm suction sections. It was found that the measured soil saturation of SWCC determined by the data for the 0–800 cm suction section was the most consistent with the predicted value. The measured and predicted saturation points of the SWCC were most consistent with suction segments of 0–800 cm. SWCC data of different textures and bulk density were used to verify the prediction method at low suction section and an inflection point of 0–800 cm. It was found that the average absolute error and root mean square error of statistical indicators were close to 0, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.9915. The actual and predicted values of each soil parameter were linearly correlated. This method of predicting SWCCs with low suction and inflection points ensures both a high degree of curve fitting and the accuracy of characteristic soil parameters, providing a simple method for the prediction of SWCCs and guidance for managing soil water in loessial areas.
Water criteria evaluation for drinking and irrigation purposes: a case study in one of the largest rivers of Sundarbans World Heritage region
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahabub , Shuvho Md. Bengir Ahmed , Chowdhury Mohammad Asaduzzaman , Alam AKM Mashud , Hassan Mahamudul , Hossain Nayem
Published: May 2022

Pasur river is one of the largest rivers in the World Heritage Sundarbans mangrove forest region of the southwestern part of Bangladesh. Due to lack of alternative sources, more than 1 million inhabitants living in the Pasur river basin area rely heavily on the river water for domestic, irrigation, and industrial purposes without proper and reliable information on the water qualities and contamination types. The study aimed at evaluating the suitability and sustainability for irrigation and consumption practices, and suitable hydrogeochemical techniques and quality of Pasur river water of Sundarbon region of Bangladesh were investigated. Water samples were collected from six locations during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and assessed for suitability for drinking and irrigation application. The water quality index (WQI) was calculated to evaluate the suitability for drinking. WQI indicates that the river water samples during both the seasons are safe for drinking in the good category. Sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) were investigated to assess the feasibility for agricultural applications. Most of the indices, such as SAR, Na%, and RSC results recommend that the river water is safe for irrigation. A suggestion is made that MH in river water should be controlled for the use of water in irrigation. United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram and Wilcox diagram analysis also identified that river water as a usable category for irrigation purposes is feasible during both seasons.
Application of Heterocycles as an Alternative for the Discovery of New Anti-ulcer
Compounds: A Mini-Review
Authors: de Lócio Lucas Linhares , do Nascimento Agnis Pâmela Simões , Santos Mirelly Barbosa , Gomes Joilly Nilce Santana , de Medeiros e Silva Yvnni Maria Sales , Albino Sonaly Lima , dos Santos Vanda Lúcia , de Moura Ricardo Olímpio
Published: May 2022

A peptic ulcer is a lesion located in the esophagus, stomach, and upper intestine, caused by an imbalance
between acid secretion and the release of protective mucus. This pathology is prevalent in approximately
14% of the world population and is commonly treated with proton pump inhibitors and type 2 histaminergic receptor
antagonists, however, these drugs present concerning side effects that may lead to gastric cancer. In this
sense, this research aimed to present the main heterocyclics studied in recent years. The screening method for
the choice of articles was based on the selection of publications between 2000 and 2021 present in the Science
Direct, Web of Science, Capes, and Scielo databases, by using the descriptors ''new derivatives'', “heterocyclics”
“antiulcerogenic”, “gastroprotective” and “antisecretor”. This research showed that the most used rings in
the development of anti-ulcer drugs were benzimidazole, quinazoline, thiazole, and thiadiazole. The results also
portray several types of modern in silico, in vitro and in vivo assays, as well as the investigation of different
mechanisms of action, with emphasis on proton pump inhibition, type 2 histaminergic receptor blockers, potassium
competitive acid blockers, type E prostaglandin agonism, anti-secretory activity and anti-oxidant action.
Additionally, the review evidenced the presence of the nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic ring as a determinant
of the potential of the compound. This research suggests new alternatives for the treatment of gastric lesions,
which may be more potent and cause fewer side effects than the currently used, and tend to evolve into more
advanced studies in the coming years.
Poly(rC) Binding Protein 1 Represses the Translation of STAT3 through 5'
UTR
Authors: Jia Rong , Li Ziwei , Wang Xiaole
Published: May 2022

Background:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogene and
frequently overexpressed in cancers. However, the regulatory mechanisms of STAT3 expression are
not fully understood. Poly(rC)-binding protein1 (PCBP1) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates
mRNA stability, splicing, and translation. PCBP1 is a tumor suppressor and can inhibit the translation
of several oncogenic genes.

Objective:

We aimed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of STAT3 expression.

Methods:

The 5' UTR or 3’ UTR regions of the human STAT3 gene were inserted upstream or downstream
of the green fluorescent gene (GFP), respectively, which were used as reporter systems to analyze
the inhibitory effects of PCBP1 on the STAT3 gene expression. The deletion and point mutation
in 5' UTR were used to search the essential regulatory sequences of the translation inhibition. The mutations
of PCBP1 protein were analyzed in the cBioPortal online service. The effects of mutated
PCBP1 proteins on STAT3 expression, cancer cell proliferation, and colony formation were analyzed
in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines.

Results:

PCBP1 inhibits mRNA translation through a motif in the 5' UTR of STAT3. Moreover, we
found two leucine residues (Leu100 and Leu102) of PCBP1 protein frequently mutated in cancers.
These mutations abolished the inhibition function of PCBP1 on STAT3 translation. Surprisingly, in
contrast to wild-type PCBP1 protein, these mutations can promote the growth and colony formation of
cancer cells.

Conclusion:

Overall, we demonstrate that PCBP1 can inhibit the expression of STAT3 through its 5'
UTR, and two leucine residues of PCBP1 protein are essential for its functions.
Inhibitory Effect of Standardized Extract and Fractions of Nigella sativa
L. on Nystatin Susceptible and Clinically Nystatin Resistant Candida albicans
Authors: Ayatollahi Mousavi Seyyed Amin , Sharififar Fariba , Jahantiq Abolfazl Saravani , Mohamadi Neda
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Candidiasis infection is caused by different species of Candida, which are
characterized by host immunologic weakness. Black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) have shown an inhibitory
effect against Candida albicans. In this work, the inhibitory effect of standardized extract and
different fractions of Nigella sativa seeds has been evaluated on both nystatin-susceptible and resistant
strain of C. albicans.

Materials and Method:

Canadida albicans (NSCA) with ATCC 76645 and nystatin-resistant Candida
albicans (NRCA) were prepared from oral samples of HIV individuals. Total extract and different
fractions of N. sativa were prepared using maceration and sonication methods. Thymoquinone
(TQ) content of the plant was determined by spectrophotometric method. Total extract (TTE) and the
fractions along with TQ were evaluated on NSCA and NRCA by the microdilution method.

Results:

TQ content of the plant was 0.92 ± 0.37g/100g dried extract. The least MIC and MFC (62.5
and 125 μg/ml, respectively) were due to petroleum ether fraction (PEF) against both NSCA and
NRCA, followed by chloroform fraction (CHF) with MIC and MFC of 125 and 250 μg/ml, respectively.
TQ exhibited MIC of 0.78 and 3.12 μg/ml against NSCA and NRCA, stronger than nystatin (MIC
of 2 and 16 μg/ml, respectively). Thymoquinone was detected in the PEF and CHF.

Conclusion:

Considering more inhibitory effects of PEF and CHF than TTE, we can conclude that active
components of the plant belong to non-polar compounds. PEF showed identical inhibitory effects on
NRCA and NSCA, which is a valuable result for finding novel medicaments against NRCA infections.
Compositional Analysis of Essential Oils from Two Mentha Species and in
silico Study on their Major Volatile Constituents against Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome
Authors: Nickavar Bahman , Nickavar Azar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is defined by excessive production and/or
secretion of androgenic hormones in women. This disease has a complicated nature, so its control is difficult
and challenging. Therefore, many women use complementary therapies to support medical treatment,
one of which is the consumption of mint plants.

Objective:

This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita
L.) and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) oils, to assess the binding of constituents of the oils to the androgen
receptor as well as their pharmacokinetic features.

Methods:

The essential oils were isolated by water distillation and then analyzed using GC-MS and GCFID.
Thereafter, in silico binding studies were performed between the main volatile constituents and human
androgen receptors using Autodock Vina. Besides, the pharmacokinetic properties of the selected
compounds were evaluated using SwissADME.

Results:

GC analyses showed the presence of 19 and 23 constituents out of the total components (accounting
for 94.7% and 97.6%, respectively), with carvone (73.0%), and menthone (33.1%) and menthol
(29.3%) as the major compounds in spearmint and peppermint oils, respectively. Moreover, molecular
docking studies revealed that carvone has the lowest binding energy to the androgen receptor. On the
other hand, all tested compounds finally exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic parameters.

Conclusion:

The present study virtually indicated that the main volatile constituent in the spearmint oil,
i.e., carvone, could probably cause a beneficial effect on PCOS.
Discovery of 1H-indazole-6-amine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Simple
But Effective
Authors: Tran Phuong-Thao , Hoang Ngo Xuan , Hoang Van-Hai , Ngo Thien , Y.Vu Thien
Published: May 2022

Background:

Indazole is a promising structure present in various biological activity compounds;
in particular, many 6-aminoindazole-containing compounds demonstrated anticancer activity. In
our previous research, we discovered some of the 6-aminoindazole derivatives with excellent cytotoxicity
in the human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116).

Objective:

In this study, a series of 6-substituted amino-1H-indazole derivatives were designed and synthesized
through simple and well-known chemical reactions, which were evaluated for anti-proliferative
activity in four human cancer cell lines.

Method:

The title compounds were designed based on the structures of potential anticancer candidates in
our previous report. The synthesis of 6-aminoindazole derivatives through acetylation and reductive amination
with 6-amininoindazole as the starting material. Sulforhodamin B (SRB) assay was used for in
vitro biological evaluation of synthesized compounds. Various physicochemical properties of them were
predicted by online site Molinspiration.

Results:

Seven out of eight synthesized compounds showed growth inhibitory activity with IC50 values
from 2.9 to 59.0 μM range in all four tested cancer cell lines. Of them, the compound N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-
1H-indazol-6-amine (9f) exhibited a potent anti-proliferative activity, with an IC50 value of 14.3±4.4 μM
in the human colorectal cancer cell (HCT116) and non-cytotoxicity in the normal cell (lung fibroblast
cells, MRC5, IC50 >100 μM).

Conclusion:

The bioactivity result and conformance of the physicochemical properties of the synthesized
compounds to the "rule of three" for hit-like compounds suggested that 9f was effective and could be used
as a hit for the development of novel anticancer agents.
A Mini Review on the Chemical and Bio-Medicinal Aspects along with
Energy Storage Applications of Anthraquinone and its Analogues
Authors: Shafiq Nusrat , Zareen Gul , Arshad Uzma , Imtiaz Fazeelat , Rashid Maryam , Parveen Shagufta , Yasmin Farah , Ali Basharat
Published: May 2022

Quinones have established enthusiasm of the researchers because of their enormous applicable
properties. Researchers are now concerned about the synthesized and natural anthraquinone
based derivatives due to their distinctive properties. Intensive research has been made with special
focus on laxative, antiulcerogenic, inhibition of enzymes, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory,
antiarthritic, antirheumatic, antidepressant, fungicidal, insecticidal, antioxidant and antitumor
activity of anthraquinone based derivatives. The awareness of environmental protection, safety
and health, free of pollution, disease and particularly to maintain green, are the derivatives being
considered and acknowledged in medicinal research as well as in pharmaceutical world. Anthraquinone
linked with amino derivatives has wide-spectrum therapeutic applications and a center of focus
as an important biological scaffold in different fields like medicines, electronic industry, and cosmetics.
Owing to the remarkable activities of anthraquinone, we outline the structural data, their sources,
synthetic routes and therapeutic potentials.
In-stent Thrombosis and COVID-19 Infection: Current Insights on the
Mechanistic Relationship
Authors: Felekos Ioannis , El-Medany Ahmed , Kandoole Vanessa , Lonsdale Nicholas , Doolub Gemina
Published: May 2022

:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been
demonstrated as a major risk factor in inducing coronary stent thrombosis due to its propensity to
create a pro-thrombotic state. This review explores the mechanisms that may contribute to the increased
thrombosis risk seen in COVID-19. Furthermore, we discuss the patient and haematological
factors that predispose to an increased risk of stent thrombosis, as well as the role of certain antiplatelet
and anticoagulation therapies, including ticagrelor and enoxaparin, that may reduce the
likelihood and severity of in-stent thrombosis, in SARS-CoV-2 infection. To counter the proinflammatory
and pro-thrombotic state shown in COVID-19, anti-thrombotic therapy in the future
may be optimised using point-of-care platelet inhibition testing and inflammation-modifying therapies.
Large-scale randomised trials with long-term follow-up are increasingly necessary to assess
the intersection of COVID-19 and stent optimisation as well as the reduction of stent thrombosis
after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.
Exploring the Anticancer Potentials of Polyphenols: A Comprehensive
Review of Patents in the Last Five Years
Authors: Gupta Nitin , Singh Shaloo , Chauhan Divya , Srivastava Ruchi , Singh Vipendra Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Polyphenols found abundantly in plants exhibit various anti-carcinogenic effects on tumor cells, including angiogenesis, metastasis, anti-proliferating agents, inflammation, and apoptosis. In recent years, many novel polyphenolic compounds with anticancer activity have been identified worldwide, and few of them are promising anticancer drugs to cure or inhibit cancer growth by interfering with cancer initiation, promotion, and progression.

Objective:

This mini-review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the information about poly-phenolic anticancer drugs disclosed in worldwide patents and discuss their possibility of developing as drugs used as anticancer drugs in clinical settings.

Methods:

In the present mini-review, we have revealed the anticancer properties of polyphenols pre-sented according to their mechanisms of action. PubMed, Google Patents, and SciDirect databases were used to compile the present study.

Results:

In the last five years, various anticancer polyphenols were revealed in worldwide patents in the last decades, and their mode of action pointed out cytoskeletal damage, arresting cell cycle, in-hibiting kinase, and tumor suppressor protein expression.

Conclusion:

Many newly found polyphenols display a promising anticancer potential both in vitro and in vivo, and a few anticancer polyphenols act to inhibit the growth of various human cancer cells. Also, we have given an overview of patents filed in the last five years related to the anticancer poten-tials of polyphenols.
Antidiabetic Agents from Fungi with Special Reference to
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Deshmukh Sunil Kumar , Gupta Manish Kumar , Agrawal Shivankar
Published: May 2022

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The enzyme α-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.20) catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-1,4-glucopyranoside bond in oligosaccharides and disaccharides and thus plays an essential role in regulating glucose content and the level of postprandial hyperglycemia. The inhibition of α-glucosidases is considered a viable strategy to develop new and effective antidiabetic drugs. Many patents like ZA201905405B; US9073897B2 have been published on α-glucosidase inhibitors. In recent years, several classes of fungal-metabolites possessing a varying degree of α-glucosidases inhibitory activity have been reported. The primary chemical classes include xanthone, phenanthrene, terpenoid, coumarin, isocoumarin, naphthalene, piperazine, and polyketides. Few of the identified inhibitors exhibited severalfold better activities than well-known α-glucosidases inhibitor acarbose and can be used as a lead to develop new antidiabetic drugs. The present review highlights the recent development in the identification of α-glucosidases inhibitors from various fungal sources. Their chemical class, structures, and inhibitory activity in terms of IC50 or MIC are discussed here.
A Mini Review of Underutilized Native Plants from East Malaysia’s Rainforests as Potential Hypertensive Drugs
Authors: Lem Fui Fui , Chee Fong Tyng , Chin Su Na
Published: May 2022

Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are on the rise throughout the world at an alarming rate. As a result, a variety of techniques to help in the prevention and control of hypertension have been tried, one of which is the use of natural medicines derived from medicinal plants. The relevance of plant-based medicine is now recognised by western countries, as seen by Canada's Natural Health Product Regulations, which were promulgated in January 2004. The Southeast Asian rainforests, notably in East Malaysia, are home to a diverse range of medicinal plant species with endless potential as pharmacological candidates, particularly as antihypertensive agents. The indigenous ethnic groups of East Malaysia have long utilised a broad variety of medicinal plant species to treat hypertension, thanks to their extensive usage of traditional remedies and in-depth understanding of ethnomedicine, which are fundamental elements of their culture. However, scientific understanding of ethnomedicines used to treat hypertension, particularly the processes underlying their antihypertensive action, is inadequate. Based on previous scientific studies, this review aims to address the antihypertensive effects of medicinal plants used by indigenous ethnic groups in East Malaysia, Sabah, in order to provide insights into the mechanisms of the plants' antihypertensive activity for the development of antihypertensive agents from these native plants.
COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy: A Review of the Literature and Recommendations
Authors: Alrabadi Nasr , Bany-Melhem Shouq , Alzoubi Karem H. , Alzoubi Osama O. , Masadeh Majd , Abuhammad Sawsan , Harun Sabariah N.
Published: May 2022

Vaccines are important to improve immunity against pathogens and diseases. The current COVID-19 disease is rapidly evolving and spreading among people; therefore, it is important to utilize a proper vaccination strategy against it. Currently, many approved vaccines are available and accessible; however, there is a reported hesitancy against taking them among the public and even the health care workers. Mainly, this is attributed to the fear of the possible side effects and complications. Moreover, inaccurate knowledge disseminated through the media/social media especially by those who lack proper expertise adds confusion and more fear that affects the vaccination decision. For such reasons, it is essential to find strategies to increase the acceptability of vaccines and to enhance confidence in the vaccination process. This should be accompanied by sufficient efforts and proper clinical studies to confirm the value and the safety of the vaccines. Those strategies are important to avoid the further spread of the COVID-19 disease and to abort the pandemic worldwide, especially when considering the likely approach towards a COVID-19 booster vaccination program, in which booster vaccines are re-taken along intervals to adequately contain the rapidly evolving nature of the virus. This review article highlights the factors influencing the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccination and enrollment in clinical trials among the public and some specific populations. Furthermore, it summarizes the suggested strategies and recommendations that can improve the attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination programs.
Yawning matters: What can hiatus tell us about the lost Greek novels? What can the heroon in honor of Kineas on the Banks of the Oxus River tell us about The wonders beyond Thule?
Authors: López Martínez María Paz
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to contextualize the fragments of the The Wonders beyond Thule in the set of lost Greek novels that have come to us in papyri paying special attention to the treatment of hiatus. The literary ambitions of Callirrhoe, Ninus, Parthenope, and The wonders beyond are similar and their ‘implicit readers’ would have belonged to the educated elite known by the term of pepaideumenoi and pepaideumenai. Other conclusion is that hiatus is a license that depends on the style of the author, but it can sometimes be attributed to an error by the scribe or a decision of the modern editor.

The study includes value information about novel fragments since 1998 (edition by López-Martínez) and a hypothesis regarding archaeological materials (papyri and inscriptions) found in a Hellenistic city on the Banks of the Oxus River in Afghanistan, Ai Khanoum, which offer us tantalizing paralells for the fictional mise en scène of Diogenes’ novel.
Implementation of Guided Inquiry Based On Contextual Approach to Improve Students Critical Thinking Skills on Reaction Rate Material
Authors: Anjarwati Bintari Catur , Nasrudin Harun
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe the improvement of students' critical thinking skills on the reaction rate material by implementing a guided inquiry based on a contextual approach. The subjects were students of class XI MIA 7 SMA Negeri 1 Gedangan with a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The methods used to collect data are observations, tests, and response questionnaires. The research instruments used were critical thinking skills test sheets, observation sheet of learning model implementation, students activity observation sheets, and students response questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using quantitative techniques assisted by SPSS 23. The results showed that (1) The percentage of the implementation of the guided inquiry with a contextual-based approach at I and II meetings is 98.66% (very good) and 99.48% (very good). (2) The relevant activities of students at I meeting is 98.06% and at II meeting is 97.78%. (3) Students' critical thinking skills are successfully improved with an average gain score on the interpretation indicator is 0.85 (high), the inference indicator is 0.82 (high), the analysis indicator is 0.77 (high), and explanation indicator is 0.75 (high). (4) Students' positive response to the learning model implementation is 96.35% (very good). The results showed that students' critical thinking skills on the reaction rate material were successfully improved by implementing a guided inquiry learning model based on a contextual approach.
Interactive Chemical Bond Electronic Module Based on Nature of Science (NoS) to Improve Scientific Literacy Knowledge
Authors: Wardhana Singgih Oka , Hidayah Rusly
Published: May 2022

PISA 2018 to improve literacy skills involves three competencies: 1) explaining phenomena scientifically, 2) evaluating and designing scientific literacy, and 3) interpreting data and evidence scientific literacy. These competencies require scientific literacy knowledge, namely content, procedural, and epistemic. The research presents the results of the interactive chemical bond e-module based on nature of science to improve scientific knowledge of scientific literacy. The method uses Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) The results of the e-module validity of each component, such as: material, scientific literacy, Nature of Science (NoS), presentation and language, are categorized as very feasible. The results of the e-module practicality of each component, such as: material, scientific literacy, Nature of Science (NoS), presentation and language, are categorized as very practical. The results of the e-module effectiveness obtained from the literacy test questions used to test the scientific knowledge of students with varying N-gain values, namely 0.81 at content knowledge, 0.84 at procedural knowledge, and 0.84 at epistemic knowledge.
Serological estimation of serum level of Vitamin D3 among Psoriasis patients
Authors: Wahab Kadhum Eman , Mohammed Hanon Basim
Published: May 2022

Background: psoriasis is a prevalent, persistent, non - contagious skin disorder of unknown origin or cure. It has a significant detrimental influence on people’s life. It was hypothesized that there is a relation between reducing vitamin D levels and psoriasis. Psoriasis is a severe global condition that affects at least 100 million people; the incidence of psoriasis ranges from 0.09 to 11.43 %. The incidence of psoriasis is 0.09 % to 11.43 %. Objectives & Methodology: Study the frequency of and incidence of psoriasis and its correlation with serum vitamin D3 level; 150 people aged between 1-45 years old and from both sexes were selected for the current study. All of them were recruited from Hilla Teaching Hospital and TelAfer from November 2018 to February 2019 in Babylon Governorate. Of them, 50 were suffering from Psoriasis symptoms, 50 were presented with a positive family history of psoriasis, and the last 50 people were healthy and considered a control group. They were all subjected to estimating the serum level of vitamin D3 by using the ELISA technique. Results: a significant decrease in the serum level of vitamin D3 was found among patients with psoriasis compared to the control and family history groups. The study also indicates that the onset frequency of psoriasis has a hereditary component.
In comparison to the age groups (1-15) and (16-30), the results showed a considerable increase in the age groups (31-45). The incidence was more in males than in females. Conclusions: A significant decrease in vitamin D3 in patients with psoriasis.
Keywords. family history, gender types, Vitamin D3, psoriasis
The role of TNFα in type2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Saeed Majeed Hadeel Mohamed , Abdul-Hassan Abbas Ahmed , Shakir Khudair Mahmood
Published: May 2022

Type2 Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and most common form of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia arising from problems with the utilization or production of insulin. Various agents related to an increased risk of developing T2DM include pro-inflammatory cytokines that are critically associated with the progressive resistance of insulin and the pathogenesis of newly diagnosed T2DM. The study aimed to study a possible association of TNFα serum level in diabetes type2 initiation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study, 50 newly diagnosed T2DM patients with an age range between 25 and 70 years were included; in addition to fifty healthy volunteers whose sex and age were matched with the T2DM patient’s group to act as a control, serum samples were collected to estimate serum levels of TNFα by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The TNFα revealed a statistically significantly higher serum level in the newly diagnosed T2DM patients compared with the healthy control group.

On the other hand, there is no statistically significant difference between obese and non-obese T2DM. The higher level of TNFα in T2DM patients compared to the control group may have a role in the development and pathogenesis of T2DM. The current study showed an association between the serum TNFα level and newly diagnosed type 2 DM, and this studied marker might help in the prediction of T2DM

Keywords. T2DM, TNFα, ELISA
Statistical Analysis of COVID-19 infections according to the gender and age in Najaf Province, Iraq
Authors: Ghani Al-Muhanna Sddiq , Ameer Al-Kraety Israa Abdul , Rabeea Banoon Shaima
Published: May 2022

A newly discovered coronavirus, COVID-19, creates a new infectious illness. According to current clinical observations, people's age and gender appear to have a role in their vulnerability to COVID-19. This research aims to see whether there is an association between gender, age, and COVID-19 susceptibility in the public health department of Najaf. The study included 36607 subjects (evenly distributed between sexes), and their ages ranged from (<10 - 80) years. According to the study's findings, males were found to be more infected than females. Results of the research indicated that gender and Covid-19 had a strong correlation. According to the study, people between the ages of 30 and 39 were more common than people of other ages range. The study's findings revealed a significant difference between Covid-19 and the participants' ages.

Keywords. Covid-19; Gender; Age; Najaf; Iraq.
Evolution of agricultural wastes for the cultivation of edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: R. M. Alqaisi Mustafa , Alabtan Manaf K. M. , Owine Mazin A.
Published: May 2022

This research studies the possible use of some of Iraq's local agricultural wastes as growth substrates for producing the edible oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii). The biological process of growing and producing edible mushrooms is a bioconversion of organic wastes to bioprotein (mycoprotein). Therefore, this study aims to investigate nine different substrates from plant residues. The three primary substrates are typical viz date palm waste (Phoenix dactylifera), maize cob (Zea mays) and cane (Phragmites communis), with two types of additional enrichment, i.e., rice husks (Oryza sativa) and corn seeds husks (Zea mays), and without further enrichment (control). The experiment was randomly distributed according to Randomized Complete Design (RCD), with three replicates. The less crop cycle period (day) which in Treatments T7 and T8 (30.33, 31.67 days) when T2 (100%Corncobs), T1 (100%Waste of Date palm), T7 (80%Waste of the date palm with 20%Corn husks) and T8 (80% Corncobs with 20%Corn husks) provide the crest mushrooms yield arrived 293.0 280.7, 268.7 and 264.0 g kg-1 substrate respectively.

Keywords. Bio protein; lignocelluloses; Mushroom substrates; Oyster mushrooms