bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bater ou não bater nas crianças? Análise a partir dos Provérbios bíblicos
Authors: Silva Valmor da
Published: October 2020

O artigo propõe uma análise crítica sobre o significado da recomendação do uso da vara na educação das crianças, em cinco ditos do livro bíblico de Provérbios (Pr 13,24; 22,15; 23;13.14; 29,15). O objetivo é analisar, com auxílio da exegese, os provérbios em seu contexto literário, histórico e cultural; e interpretá-los hermeneuticamente para a realidade atual, com a proibição de bater em crianças. Com os pressupostos do método da exegese histórico-crítica, faz-se a análise do primeiro dito, que afirma textualmente: “Quem poupa a vara odeia seu filho, mas quem o ama aplica a disciplina” (Pr 13,24). Segundo esse modelo de análise, são comentados os outros quatro provérbios. A recomendação do uso da vara, na Bíblia, visa a disciplina, para formar pessoas justas, conforme o projeto sapiencial, ilustrado no contexto literário de Pr 13, que fazia parte da metodologia comum ao Antigo Oriente Médio, como ilustram diversas citações paralelas. Entretanto, esse método disciplinar passou por aplicações mais rigoristas ao longo da história, para ser radicalmente revisto na moderna pedagogia. Conclui-se que a interpretação dessa prática antiga, para o mundo atual, exige hermenêutica apropriada, com a devida aplicação, conforme outras instruções recomendadas pela Bíblia, tais como apedrejar criminosos, não tocar cadáver e praticar a poligamia.
O pluralismo da verdade
Authors: Grassi Rita Macedo
Published: October 2020

Este texto foi publicado na revista World Faith Insights 26, 1990, p. 7-16 e é a transcrição de uma palestra proferida pelo teólogo e filósofo catalão Raimon Panikkar (1918-2010). Por se tratar de uma transcrição fiel da linguagem oral, nosso desafio nesta tradução foi adequar o texto à linguagem escrita sem, no entanto, perder os traços característicos do palestrante e autor.
Querida Amazônia: Exortação Apostólica pós-sinodal ao povo de Deus e a todas as pessoas de boa vontade
Authors: Souza José Neivaldo de
Published: October 2020

Observando a realidade amazônica, as dificuldades dos habitantes da floresta, em meio à extração predatória do lucro e os desafios de uma nova evangelização, Francisco convoca os católicos e convida os cristãos e pessoas de boa vontade a sonharem, à luz da fé e da Palavra de Deus, com uma Amazônia que defenda os direitos dos nativos e de seus habitantes; que preserve a riqueza das culturas que ali resistem; que conserve a beleza natural tão ameaçada e acolha o evangelho da libertação que denuncia as injustiças e a exploração sem limites. Este é o sonho do Papa! O documento “Amazônia querida” aponta para uma nova evangelização e uma nova Igreja com rosto ecológico: um projeto de esperança para a sociedade, a cultura, o meio ambiente e a Igreja.
Alter Adel – neues Land?
Authors: Langelüddecke Ines
Published: October 2020

Wiedervereinigung, wo es konkret wird: Zurückgekehrte Adelsfamilien treffen auf eine sozialistisch geprägte Dorfbevölkerung.

Selten trafen im deutsch-deutschen Vereinigungsprozess Ost- und Westdeutsche so unmittelbar aufeinander wie in den brandenburgischen Gutsdörfern. Hier mussten nach 1990 zurückgekehrte Adelsfamilien ein Auskommen mit der sozialistisch geprägten Dorfbevölkerung finden, von der sie seit der Enteignung 1945 über 40 Jahre lang getrennt waren. Im ehemaligen Gutsdorf wurden wie unter einem Brennglas spezifische Probleme und Dynamiken sichtbar, die seit 1990 überall im Osten Deutschlands auftraten.

Ines Langelüddecke untersucht die jeweiligen Prägungen und Geschichtsbilder von Adligen und Dorfbewohnern und damit die mentalen Voraussetzungen und historischen Tiefenschichten dieser Vereinigung auf lokaler Ebene. Damit widmet sich erstmals eine Studie in zeithistorischer Perspektive den sozialen Veränderungen des ländlichen Raumes in Ostdeutschland mit seinen kleinräumigen, dörflichen Milieus, in die nach dem Ende der DDR die Nachfahren der ehemaligen Gutsbesitzer zurückgekehrt sind. Darüber hinaus leistet die Autorin einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Konfliktlagen der Gegenwart, die mehr als dreißig Jahre nach 1989/90 immer noch Unterschiede und Gegensätze zwischen Ost und West kennt.
Chinese Environmental Ethics and Whitehead’s Philosophy
Authors: Wang Zhihe , Fan Meijun , Cobb, Jr. John ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: October 2020

Environmental ethics is a major topic of discussion and enactment in China. The government is committed to work toward an “ecological civilization,” a society in which concerns for a healthy natural environment are interwoven with concerns for a healthy human society and healthy human relations with nature. Whereas in the United States concern for the environment is rarely consciously philosophical, Chinese history has made people aware that philosophy underlies and shapes public policy. Whitehead’s thought has been welcomed as a way of clarifying and supporting the commitment to ecological civilization, which has been strongly reemphasized by President Xi. It also helps in reviving and incorporating classical Chinese thought without threatening the great advances China has made in science. This organic thinking has expressed itself in government policy in shifting from the industrialization of agriculture to support for eco-villages and in dethroning GDP as the measure of progress. The interest in Whitehead is expressed by thirty-six universities setting up Centers for Process Studies, extensive discussion of a process book—Organic Marxism—and numerous other publications.
Democracies: "Sovereign" and "Illiberal": The Russian-Hungarian game of adjectives and its implications for regional security
Authors: Kazharski Aliaksei , Macalová Silvia
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study is to explore the Hungarian discourse of "illiberal democracy" alongside the older Russian doctrine of "sovereign democracy", to see their possible implications for regional security and examine broader cultural and political backgrounds of these doctrines. The paper argues that the tension between notions of past historical greatness and the currently diminished power status results in the othering of the liberal order, which is seen as responsible for this degradation. The ideological subversions of the concept of democratic governance serve the purpose of self-legitimation, but also operate as ideological justifications for policies meant to revert the current status and thus carry significant security risks for regional stability. In Russia's case, these risks are most plainly manifest as military interventions in neighboring countries. While in Hungary they take the form of opportunistic self-interest, with a disregard for the rule of law and potential for further subversions of regional order.
Important factors in the revival of the biodiesel industry in Serbia: Progress or pitfall?
Authors: Latinović Luka , Stojić Nemanja , Latinović Jovana
Published: October 2020

If Serbia is to continue with European integration, European policies related to the use of biofuels will have to be implemented. Directive 2009/28/EC implies 10% of biofuels in transport fuel by the end of 2020. Although the production and use of biodiesel is in line with the practice of developed countries, Serbia does not produce nor use significant quantities of this fuel. Based on the conducted analysis, it was established that Serbia has the potential to produce biodiesel by processing its domestic raw materials. The logical step, then, is to re-establish the domestic biodiesel industry. This paper presents and discuss important factors for biodiesel producers or / and investors, in an attempt to mitigate business risks or to provide a starting point in a search for ways to turn these factors into gains. The PESTLE framework was used for classification of these factors, on account of its common use in making strategic decisions.
Spiel mir das Lied vom Leben: Zum Tod des italienischen Komponisten Ennio Morricone
Authors: Goertz Wolfram
Published: October 2020

Ob Spaghetti-Western oder Kammermusik: Der legendäre Komponist Ennio Morricone war Profi durch und durch. Ein Nachruf.
A polícia política em tempos de Ditadura Militar (1964-1985): a atuação da Delegacia de Ordem Política e Social no Espírito Santo
Authors: Baptista Leonardo
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem como propósito analisar e caracterizar os aspectos gerais da organização e do funcionamento da Delegacia de Ordem Política e Social do Espírito Santo (DOPS/ES), entre os anos de 1964 e 1985. Atuante na sociedade capixaba desde os anos 1930, esse órgão teve importante papel nas ações repressivas do regime estabelecido pelo golpe civil-militar de 1964, atuando como uma polícia política que vigiou e reprimiu os setores “indesejáveis” do corpo social, como um dos órgãos da rede de repressão e informação que articulou o combate ao que definia como focos de subversão no país. Para tanto, este trabalho se baseia na aproximação com parte da documentação produzida pelo referido órgão durante sua atuação no período na vida sócio-política espírito-santense, e dos resultados de recentes trabalhos realizados por outros pesquisadores que também fundaram suas investigações nos arquivos da DOPS/ES.
Palavras-chave: Ditadura Militar. Espírito Santo. Repressão política. DOPS/ES.
La rítmica -música en movimiento- como estrategia de reeducación corporal y rehabilitación psicosocial en personas con problemas de salud mental
Authors: Del Barrio Aranda Luis , Arús Leita Eugènia
Published: October 2020

Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar la eficiencia de un programa artístico de reeducación corporal y su repercusión en el comportamiento físico, cognitivo, emocional y socioafectivo de un grupo de adultos con problemas de salud mental. Se presenta el trabajo emprendido durante 5 meses con personas con problemas de salud mental en fase de rehabilitación que asisten a un centro de día en Barcelona. La interacción entre las necesidades físicas y emocionales de los participantes, el favoritismo musical y los principios metodológicos de la rítmica Dalcroze: imitación, reacción, improvisación, orientaron este trabajo personalizado de música, ritmo y movimiento a la reeducación corporal y la rehabilitación psicosocial. Se utiliza el método cualitativo fenomenológico interpretativo, fundamentado en la valoración de las experiencias rítmicas de una muestra (n=10) configurada por un grupo de 10 adultos de edades comprendidas entre 34 y 61 años. El uso de instrumentos cualitativos: Comprehensive Occupational Therapy Scale, grupos de discusión, entrevistas y diario de reflexión proporcionaron los datos que confirman los beneficios de la rítmica en la activación corporal, cognitiva y socio-afectiva. La práctica de la rítmica -música en movimiento- implica la respuesta física y la atención, motiva la autoestima, la memoria motriz y la creatividad y mejora la dimensión expresiva verbal-no verbal, la confianza, la autonomía y la sociabilidad.
LAS ESCUELAS DE MÚSICA Y LOS PROYECTOS MUSICALES SOCIOEDUCATIVOS Y COMUNITARIOS. MODELOS EDUCATIVOS, RETOS Y CONTEXTOS
Authors: Lorenzo de Reizábal Margarita
Published: October 2020

La educación musical que se imparte en las escuelas de música debe aspirar a incidir positivamente en el bienestar social de la comunidad en la que están imbricadas. El diseño y desarrollo de proyectos socioeducativos y comunitarios desde los centros de formación musical son actividades con las que, empleando la música como herramienta de mediación, se puede contribuir a paliar las disfunciones sociales del entorno más cercano, así como a generar cohesión social y sentimientos de pertenencia  e identidad comunitaria. No obstante, existen ciertas inercias en los modos de hacer y una perpetuación en el tiempo de modelos educativos musicales tradicionales en los que no tienen cabida proyectos innovadores de auténtico compromiso social. En este artículo se analizan los retos y contextos que se presentan a las escuelas de música en este siglo XXI a nivel social y comunitario y el modo de abordarlos a partir de nuevos modelos educativos. La implicación y el compromiso social de las instituciones de formación musical deben  originar un cambio en el diseño de actividades buscando la innovación, así como  abrir nuevas vías de colaboración con otros agentes sociales e instituciones comunitarias. Para ejemplificar estas sinergias y el modo de proceder a la hora de diseñar un proyecto socioeducativo, se hace una propuesta de diseño de taller socioeducativo como guía para el desarrollo práctico de este tipo de proyectos.
A persistent abnormal repetitive behaviour in a false water cobra (Hydrodynastes gigas)
Authors: Michaels CJ , Gini BF , Clifforde L
Published: October 2020

Stereotypies (a subset of Abnormal Repetitive Behaviour [ARB]) are characterised by an unchanging pattern of behaviour and in captive animals can be associated with poor welfare. Although well known in certain taxa, little is known about both welfare and ARBs in reptiles, especially snakes. We document an instance of an ARB in a captive snake species (Hydrodynastes gigas), set it in the context of husbandry in zoos, and assess efforts to reduce it. The stereotypy consisted of a fixed pattern of movement against the enclosure's viewing window. Ethographic data were used to focally sample the animal's behaviour over several months in the context of different enrichment interventions. Modified Spread of Participation Indices (mSPIs) were also calculated to quantify the evenness of enclosure use. The snake spent considerable portions of time (47% of observations) performing a behaviour that fulfils the criteria for stereotypy. mSPI data suggested a possible welfare impact of the behaviour on the snake. Zoos holding this species globally were surveyed about observations of similar behaviour and one other institution reported similar behaviour. Standard husbandry practice (A) was used alternately in an ABAC format with prey scent trails (B) and modified feeding schedules (C), representing enrichment types based on species’ natural history. Neither stereotyping frequency nor mSPI was found to be significantly affected by any of the enrichments. Our results, interpretation of which is limited by the paucity of data on snakes, uncover stereotypies in snakes and suggest that, as with other taxa, ARBs may be resistant to strategies employed to reduce them.
How to publish XML files containing images in OJS 3
Authors: Frederiksen Niels Erik
Published: October 2020

Instructions on how to link to images in an XML file.
Diminished Returns
Authors: Finch David M.
Published: October 2020

Traplines have come to be regulated by governments which speaks to colonial dispossession and changing values regarding the land, wildlife, and Indigenous peoples. During the fur trade era, Indigenous trappers became decreasingly autonomous economic actors and further declines occurred in the twentieth century as fur trading became marginalized. In the mid-twentieth century, Ontario and other Canadian jurisdictions embarked on a path of increased regulations of game and the assignment of traplines to First Nation harvesters. This article explores the roots and outcomes of the Registered Trapline System in Northern Ontario, and explores how, since the 1940s, a pattern of fluctuating agency is apparent, with shifting degrees of natural resources management that recently has seen some benefits for Indigenous trappers.
Assessment of the Stability of Passenger Ships in Coastal Navigation in Case of Lacking Ship Geometry Data
Authors: Lapa Kristofor
Published: October 2020

Ships should ensure safe navigation by meeting the stability norms defined by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and determined by national maritime administrations. The fulfillment of these norms is becoming increasingly important, especially for passenger ships used for tourist excursions. Recently, the development of maritime tourism has greatly increased the demand for these ships most of which are converted fishing vessels.  The situation described in this paper pertains to Albania and most probably differs in other countries in the region and the wider area. Ships rarely have adequate technical documentation.  The Albanian Register of Shipping requires the performance of stability tests, the results of which are entered in the amended stability book to ensure the vessels’ compliance with the norms following modifications undergone and guarantee safe navigation for tourists. An examination of a variety of ship design papers helped us identify various methods and methodologies for determining approximate geometric ship elements with an acceptable degree of reliability. However, their use should be limited and reliability proven by calculating parameters such as lightship VCG, number of passengers per m2, assessing the possible range and area of navigation and weather conditions (mainly wind speed and wave forces). The calculations based on stability testing and the use of highly reliable software such as MaxSurf - Integrated Naval Architecture Software, Napa - Naval Architectural Package Autoship - Systems Operation, Orca3D – Naval Architecture Software delivered fast and reliable stability assessment results and verified conformance with the norms prescribed by the Albanian Register of Shipping.
Economic Impact of Container-loading Problem
Authors: Jugović Alen
Published: October 2020

Thousands of containers with different types of cargo are loaded every day in multiple manufacturing and logistics centres in the world. The main problem arising from these handlings is how to make the maximum use of all the available container capacities, while keeping the overall costs of transport per cargo unit as low as possible. The previous research mostly focuses on studying different algorithms for optimising container loading with cargo that has already been assigned based on its dimensions and weight. However, this paper will emphasise the importance of using algorithms in the planning and preparation of the cargo itself during the manufacturing processes before it is dispatched for loading into containers. Besides the length, width, height, and weight of the cargo itself, a fifth component influencing the overall transport costs will be considered, i.e. the manner of loading a container. The research will be carried out on an example of a container shipment of wooden sawn timber materials.
Analytical Research on the Methodological Suitability of Multi-Criteria Analysis for the Scientific Evaluation of the Coastal Area
Authors: Kovačić Mirjana , Mrvica Ante , Šimić Hlača Marija
Published: October 2020

Coastal areas have always been more attractive than the inlands as they offer more opportunities and advantages. Nowadays a growing number of mutually (in)compatible economic and social activities have a significant impact on coastal development. Some countries are particularly aware of the lack of valuation and unplanned access to coastal area organization. As of 1995, owing to the numerous pressures on coastal areas, Croatia was forced to recognize that it needed an appropriate decision-making system.
The authors' focus is on the sustainable management of the coastal area. The purpose of the research is to propose coastal area evaluation criteria. The paper particularly aims to select a suitable method for the resolution of this problem.
Prior experience with the evaluation of an area’s value justified the validity of the use of multi-criteria analysis. The method facilitates an overview and evaluation of the various aspects of the problem across different criteria. Several methods and techniques can be used to solve the problem, such as linear programming, AHP, ELECTREE, PROMETHEE, GAIA, scenario methods, and others in which the authors' experience in the area differs. Following research, the authors suggest using the PROMETHEE and GAIA methods.
Novelties in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the area of corruption prevention
Authors: Sokolova Ol'ga Sergeevna
Published: October 2020

The subject of this article is the novelties in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which impose laminations on persons, who fill public and municipal positions. The author applied the method of comparative legal analysis of the norms of Russian law that regulate imposition of anti-corruption restrictions in activity of the federal government branches, public authorities, and local self-governing bodies. Comparative analysis is conducted on the restrictions introduced in new revision of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the corresponding norms in federal legislation. The author examines the norms of constitutional, administrative and municipal law in the area of corruption prevention, particularly in the context of federative relations that established for regulation of public and municipal service, as well activity of the persons who fill public and municipal positions. The opinions of scientific community on the topic are presented. The article gives assessment to compliance of novelties of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on corruption prevention with the National Anti-Corruption Strategy, and legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty consists in determination of the conflicts of norms of constitutional, administrative and municipal law that impose anti-corruption restrictions, and assessment of their legal consequences.
Transparent evaluation of scholarly communications
Authors: Quintana Daniel , Heathers James
Published: October 2020

The processes behind the evaluation of scholarly communications are mostly conducted behind closed doors, with only the final published output accessible to readers. The criteria used to decide which manuscripts are sent out for peer-review and ultimately accepted for publication are often vague and hard to interpret. Without access to peer-review reports and editorial comments, it is also unclear how published manuscripts have been assessed. In this conversation, we will discuss the benefits of transparent scholarly communication and the challenges of implementing fully-transparent processes. We will also cover the how social media and podcasts can be used to demystify the publication process by providing an open forum for discussing the myriad publication processes that are typically unwritten, such as rebutting reviewer comments.
Repertórios e performances no ativismo feminista transnacional
Authors: Schulz Rosângela Marione , Tirelli Cláudia
Published: October 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir o ativismo feminista transnacional através do exame de diferentes repertórios de ação utilizados na Marcha Mundial das Mulheres e na Marcha das Vadias. Por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, discutem-se as potencialidades do uso das noções de redes transnacionais de ativismo e de repertórios e performances de ação para a compreensão das novas formas de ativismo feminista. Inicia-se com uma recuperação da trajetória de construção do movimento feminista e das principais abordagens que procuraram explicá-lo. Segue, então, uma discussão sobre a noção de transnacionalidade e seus efeitos para a compreensão do movimento feminista. Faz-se, em seguida, uma descrição do processo de constituição e de organização da Marcha Mundial das Mulheres e da Marcha das Vadias. Por fim, é proposta uma reflexão sobre o uso das categorias de repertório de ação e performance para discutir o ativismo feminista transnacional.
The Importance of Nutrition in Infancy: A Review
Authors: Maurya Rama , Mogra Renu , Mauriya Sandeep K.
Published: October 2020

Nutrition has been linked to positive child development and nutritional status. In this review paper we briefly describe the role of exclusive breastfeeding and its importance in the brain development of infants. Breastfeeding has important for the development of central nervous system in infants First, six months of Breastfeeding is essential for the newborn child for improving the immune system of a newborn. Breastfeeding serves significant health benefits for the infant, promotes mother-infant bonding so Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for around six months. Then we briefly describe the role of Complementary feeding, its importance in the physical development of the child in earlier life. This is also termed as ‘weaning food’, which has been used to describe the curtailment of breastfeeding. Complementary feeding entails the addition of solid foods to the diet, alongside, without replacement for the milk component. Apart from nutrition and feeding practices, certain other rearing practices also influence the health of infants and are widely prevalent among families or communities. Familiarity with rearing practices is of considerable significance to the promotion of infant health. The review also focuses on good nutrition for breastfeeding women, who have additional nutritional requirements. Breastfeeding mothers have increased energy needs and typically require additional energy intake. Apart from the energy the additional intake of good fat and vitamin C and minerals essential fatty acids etc. requirements are increases.
Modelling and Delineation of Hydrocarbon Micro - Seepage Prone Zones on Soil and Sediment in Ugwueme, South Eastern Nigeria with Soil Adjustment Vegetation Index (SAVI)
Authors: Enoh Mfoniso Asuquo , Okeke Uzoma Chinenye , Barinua Needam Yiinu
Published: October 2020

Remote Sensing is an excellent tool in monitoring, mapping and interpreting areas, associated with hydrocarbon micro-seepage. An important technique in remote sensing known as the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), adopted in many studies is often used to minimize the effect of brightness reflectance in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), related with soil in areas of spare vegetation cover, and mostly in areas of arid and semi–arid regions. The study aim at analyzing the effect of hydrocarbon micro – seepage on soil and sediments in Ugwueme, Southern Eastern Nigeria, with SAVI image classification method. To achieve this aim, three cloud free Landsat images, of Landsat 7 TM 1996 and ETM+ 2006 and Landsat 8 OLI 2016 were utilized to produce different SAVI image classification maps for the study.  The SAVI image classification analysis for the study showed three classes viz Low class cover, Moderate class cover and high class cover.  The category of high SAVI density classification was observed to increase progressive from 31.95% in 1996 to 34.92% in 2006 and then to 36.77% in 2016. Moderately SAVI density classification reduced from 40.53% in 1996 to 38.77% in 2006 and then to 36.96% in 2016 while Low SAVI density classification decrease progressive from 27.51% in 1996 to 26.31% in 2006 and then increased to 28.26% in 2016. The SAVI model is categorized into three classes viz increase, decrease and unchanged. The un – changed category increased from 12.32km2 (15.06%) in 1996 to 17.17 km2 (20.96%) in 2006 and then decelerate to 13.50 km2 (16.51%) in 2016.  The decrease category changed from 39.89km2 (48.78%) in 1996 to 40.45 km2 (49.45%) in 2006 and to 51.52 km2 (63.0%) in 2016 while the increase category changed from 29.57km2 (36.16%) in 1996 to 24.18 km2 (29.58%) in 2006 and to 16.75 km2 (20.49%) in 2016. Image differencing, cross tabulation and overlay operations were some of the techniques performed in the study, to ascertain the effect of hydrocarbon micro - seepage.  The Markov chain analysis was adopted to model and predict the effect of the hydrocarbon micro - seepage for the study for 2030.  The study expound that the SAVI is an effective technique in remote sensing to identify, map and model the effect of hydrocarbon micro - seepage on soil and sediment particularly in areas characterized with low vegetation cover and bare soil cover.
A Cross-sectional Epidemiological Survey on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene amongst Residents of Bamboutos Division, West Region Cameroon: A Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Study
Authors: Fogang R. Lontuo- , Payne V. Khan , Cedric Saah Fokou , Tsafack H. Ntangmo , Bamou R.
Published: October 2020

Background: Although Cameroon is the second country in Africa after the Democratic Republic of Congo in terms of water availability, access to good drinking water constitutes an every day’s struggle. A household survey was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and hygiene practices among households during collection, storage and preservation of potable water and evaluate some general hygiene/sanitation practices employed at the household level on daily basis in Bamboutos Division.

Methods: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2019 in two Sub-Divisions of the Bamboutos Division. Respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.

Results: Out of the 460 households interviewed, 85.09% (n=371) could cite only one waterborne diseases with typhoid taking the lead (n=331; 89.22%); followed by cholera (n=191; 51.48%) and dysenteries (n=154; 41.51%). Most residents (n=361; 79%) had poor knowledge and practices on waterborne diseases when classified in to good/poor. Several water sources were declared by residents for drinking purposes with the springs (50%), wells (35%) and boreholes (30%) as their main sources while others (35%) mentioned rain water during the rainy season. Knowledge and practices in the prevention of WBD were found to be associated to education level while water source was found to predispose people to suffer from WBD. Most participants (n=452; 98.26%) said they washed their hands before and after eating (98.26%) and after visiting the toilets (n=358; 77.82%) with water and soap (n=403; 87.60%).

Conclusion: The study indicated poor knowledge on WBD and poor practices in their prevention in Bamboutos Division. The use of a variety of water sources for drinking purposes implies that access to good quality water is a nightmare for the population of Bamboutos. Hence measures have to be put in place for the assessment of water quality and ensure the availability of potable water to everyone.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Kolanuts (Cola nitida Schott & Amp; Endl) Daily Intake Exposure Risk from Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa
Authors: Rodrigue Kouadio Kan , Henri Biego Godi , Yves Nyamien , Assi Ake , Ysidor Konan , Coulibaly Adama , Daouda Sidibe
Published: October 2020

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are pervasive environmental pollutants of high toxicity. Due to their lipophilic characteristics, they tend to accumulate in the food chain. Human exposure to PAHs seems inevitable and the main route of exposure is food. The presence of PAHs in kolanut could cause serious health problem for consumers and slow down the export to new markets, which would constitute a significant shortfall for all actors in the kola sector.This study aimed to detrmined the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in kolanuts and estimate the exposure risks of nuts consumption by Ivorian population. Samples were collected from farmers, rural collectors, urban stores in districts (Mountains, Comoe, Lagoons, Down-Sassandra) and big storage centers of Anyama and Bouake cities. Concentrations of 9 PAHs (B[a]P, B[b]F, B[a]A, CHR, FLA, B[k]F, D[ah]A, B[ghi]P and IcdP) were measured using an Adept brand High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with an ultraviolet (UV) / visible CE 4200 (CECIL) detector. Data showed the average concentration of PAHs in kolanuts at 1.22 ± 0.86 µg/kg. The PAHs concentrations expressed in BaP equivalent (BaPeq) ranging from 0.0009 ± 0.0003 µg/kg-BaPeq to 0.88 ± 0.24 µg/kg-BaPeq for B[ghi] P and D[ah]A. Based on the concentrations and the daily consumption of kolanuts estimated at 0.6 g/person in Côte d'Ivoire, the intakes values estimated of PAHs vary from 6.10-5 µg-BaPeq /day to 6.48.10-4 µg-BaPeq/day with an average of 3.06.10-4 ± 6.6.10-5 µg-BaPeq/day. The exposure daily doses (EDD) are all lower than the toxicity reference values (5 ng-BaPeq/kg BW/d). Thus, the occurrence of a toxic effect from PAHs after kolanuts consumption is very unlikely since the hazard quotient (HQ) are all less than 1. The risk of developing cancer is less than one case per 1,000,000 people.
Anesthesia for Urgent Surgery in a Patient with Angioneurotic Oedema: A Case Report
Authors: Khallikane Said , Benakrout Aziz , Delsa Hanane , Moutaoukil Mohamed , Elalaa Khalil Abou , Siah Samir , Balkhi Hicham , Baite Abdelouahed
Published: October 2020

Hereditary angioneurotic oedema is an autosomal dominant disease associated with serum deficiency of functional C1-inhibitor. It is characterized by periodic swelling of subcutaneous tissues, abdominal viscera and upper airways. Lethal acute episodes of oedema can occur during anaesthesia and surgery. It is essential to prepare such patients before surgery. This article describes a case and the various preventive measures used to avoid acute episodes during anaesthesia for urgent surgery for mesenteric ischemia. In emergency situations where C1 inhibitor concentrate is not available, fresh frozen plasma (FFP) can be used as an alternative, as it also contains C1 inhibitor, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and epinephrine can be useful adjuncts but typically are not efficacious in aborting acute attacks. Prophylactic management involves long-term use of attenuated androgens or antifibrinolytic agents (Tranexamic acid).Their various indications are discussed.
AChE Inhibition Study for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: An In-silico Study
Authors: Kausar Mohd Adnan
Published: October 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia associated with plaques and tangles in the brain. Several acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have been clinically used to delay or halt the progression of the disease. Solanadine (Snd) and gamma solamargine (Gsm) have been shown to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The current study attempts to describe the molecular interactions between human brain AChE and inhibitors Snd and Gsm. The free energy of binding and estimated dissociation constant (Ki) for the 'Snd-AChE Catalytic Anionic site (CAS)-interaction' were determined to be –9.51 kcal/mol and 107.54 nM, respectively and the free energy of binding and estimated Ki for the 'Gsm -AChE CAS-interaction' were determined to be – 8.64 kcal/mol and 463.88 nM, respectively. Hydrophobic interactions, polar interactions, and hydrogen bonding play an important role in the correct positioning of Snd within the 'catalytic site' of AChE to permit docking, while hydrophobic interactions and polar interactions play a significant role in the correct positioning of Gsm within the 'catalytic site' of AChE to permit docking. It is hoped that the information provided in this study will help in the design of AChE-inhibitors as anti-Alzheimer agents.
ROCK inhibition modulates the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in oral keratinocytes
Authors: Niklander Sven , Bandaru Deepti , Lambert Daniel W. , Hunter Keith D.
Published: October 2020

Senescent cells accumulate in different organs and develop a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), associated with the development of age‐related pathologies. The constitution of the SASP varies among cell types and with the method of senescence induction; nevertheless, there is substantial overlap among SASPs, especially the presence of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐1α, IL‐6 and IL‐8. These cytokines are highly conserved among SASPs and are implicated in the development of several cancers. Here, we report that ROCK inhibition by Y‐27632 reduces levels of IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐8 secreted by senescent normal and dysplastic oral keratinocytes without affecting the permanent cell growth arrest. The data indicate some inflammatory genes downregulated by Y‐27632 remain downregulated even after repeated passage in the absence of Y‐27632. We propose ROCK kinase inhibition as a novel alternative to current strategies to modulate the inflammatory components of the SASP, without compromising the permanent cell growth arrest. This observation potentially has wide clinical applications, given the involvement of senescence in cancer and a wide range of age‐related disease. It also suggests care should be exercised when using Y‐27632 to facilitate cell expansion of primary cells, as its effects on gene expression are not entirely reversible.
Preparing for the worst: Utilizing stress‐tolerant soil microbial communities to aid ecological restoration in the Anthropocene
Authors: Valliere Justin M. , Wong Wei San , Nevill Paul G. , Zhong Hongtao , Dixon Kingsley W.
Published: October 2020

1. Multiple drivers of environmental change pose a significant challenge for ecological restoration, including climate change, soil salinization and environmental pollution. Due to the important role that soil biota play in enabling plants to cope with a variety of abiotic stressors, there is growing interest in the use of microbial inoculations to facilitate native plant restoration in the face of such change.

2. Recently, novel methods have begun being explored in agriculture to harness stress‐conditioned soil biota for improving abiotic stress tolerance in crop species. Similar applications in ecological restoration – where plants are inoculated with indigenous soil microbial communities that are preconditioned to various abiotic stressors – could potentially increase our capacity to restore degraded ecosystems under global change.

3. In this paper, we aim to (1) outline the ways in which soil microbial communities might be conditioned in order to confer greater stress tolerance to plants that are targets for restoration; (2) highlight successful (and unsuccessful) examples where stress‐tolerant soil microbial communities were utilized to improve plant performance; (3) describe the ways in which stress‐conditioned soil biota could be deployed in order to assist ecological restoration; and (4) discuss the potential risks and outstanding questions associated with such an approach.

4. If restoration practitioners are able to harness the soil microbiome to improve plant stress tolerance as is currently being explored in agriculture, this could revolutionize methods for the restoration of degraded lands in the Anthropocene.
The Effects of Extrusion Ratio on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Micron SiC and Carbon Nanotube Reinforced AZ61 Composite
Authors: Zhou Mingyang , Zhao Yanli , Liao Nan , Ren Lingbao , Lyu Liangliang , Quan Gaofeng , Gupta Manoj
Published: October 2020

A hybrid micron SiC and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced AZ61 composite is fabricated by powder metallurgy method and then extruded at different extrusion ratios (λ = 16, 36, and 56, respectively) at 350 °C. The effects of the extrusion ratio on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties are studied systematically. The results reveal that both the porosity and average grain size of the composite reduce with extrusion and with an increase in the extrusion ratio. The basal texture of the composite is formed during hot extrusion and further enhanced with the increase in the extrusion ratio. These changes in microstructural features lead to an effective enhancement of the overall mechanical properties. Particular emphasis is placed on interrelating the effects of the porosity with the strength of the composites. In addition, an empirical expression is successfully proposed to describe the relationship between the porosity and the strength.
Rational Construction of Advanced Potassium Ion Diffusion and Storage Matrix
Authors: He Jianjiang , Lu Tiantian , Wang Kun , Wang Xin , Li Xiaodong , Shen Xiangyan , Gao Juan , Si Wenyan , Yang Ze , Huang Changshui
Published: October 2020

Developing new electrode materials with a regular channel for stable storage and diffusion of potassium (K) ions is crucial to alleviating the ubiquitous problems in K‐ion batteries (KIBs) such as slow diffusion rate, huge volume expansion, and unstable interface by the large K ion radius. Herein, electrode material with a facile diffusion pathway, vast space for volume expansion, and good interfacial compatibility are found to be necessary. Fluoride graphdiyne (F‐GDY) is illustrated for its expanded conductive skeleton, uniform structural pores, and well‐distributed F atoms. First‐principles computations and electrochemical characterizations reveal the high reversible capacity and cyclic stability for the instanced F‐GDY electrode through the ultralow diffusion barrier, abundant exposed active sites, and stable KF‐enriched solid electrolyte interphase film. The F‐GDY anode exhibits a capacity of 320 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, and 120 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1 for 1800 cycles. These electrochemical performances of F‐GDY anode are superior than those of many other carbon materials reported to date, providing us with a new insight into the design of an electrode for KIBs.
Refreshable Braille Display System Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Dielectric Elastomer
Authors: Qu Xuecheng , Ma Xiu , Shi Bojing , Li Hu , Zheng Li , Wang Chan , Liu Zhuo , Fan Yubo , Chen Xiangyu , Li Zhou , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: October 2020

The blind mainly relies on Braille books to obtain text information. However, Braille books with invariable content are ponderous and inconvenient to read. Hence, it is essential to find a safe, simple and effective method to develop new Braille devices. This advanced method promises to be the next generation Braille book that is refreshable, flexible, and portable. Therefore, a safe dielectric elastomer Braille device actuated by a triboelectric nanogenerator is designed. It is easy to fabricate, inexpensive, and safe without any potential hazard for blind people. For triboelectric nanogenerators, the friction between two thin films can generate a voltage over 3 kV with a current of just 2 µA to deliver a shape change of the dielectric elastomer membrane. In the meantime, with the support of the pressor air in the chamber, the membrane will be raised up to be a touchable Braille dot. In addition, a programmed switch matrix is designed to control the Braille device with multiple dielectric elastomer dots to realize complicated refreshable display, providing a possibility of a page‐size and portable braille e‐book for the blind in the near future.
Hybrid Graphene‐Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Nucleic Acid Conjugates for Cancer‐Specific Multimodal Imaging and Combined Therapeutics
Authors: Yang Letao , Kim Tae‐Hyung , Cho Hyeon‐Yeol , Luo Jeffrey , Lee Jong‐Min , Chueng Sy‐Tsong Dean , Hou Yannan , Yin Perry To‐Tien , Han Jiyou , Kim Jong Hoon , Chung Bong Geun , Choi Jeong‐Woo , Lee Ki‐Bum
Published: October 2020

Nanoparticle‐based nucleic acid conjugates (NP‐NACs) hold great promise for theragnostic applications. However, several limitations have hindered the realization of their full potential in the clinical treatment of cancer and other diseases. In diagnoses, NP‐NACs suffer from low signal‐to‐noise ratios, while the efficiency of NP‐NACs‐mediated cancer therapies has been limited by the adaptation of alternative prosurvival pathways in cancer cells. The recent emergence of personalized and precision medicine has outlined the importance of having both accurate diagnosis and efficient therapeutics in a single platform. As such, the controlled assembly of hybrid graphene oxide/gold nanoparticle (Au@GO NP)‐based cancer‐specific NACs (Au@GO NP‐NACs) for multimodal imaging and combined therapeutics is reported. The developed Au@GO NP‐NACs show excellent surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐mediated live‐cell cancer detection and multimodal synergistic cancer therapy through the use of photothermal, genetic, and chemotherapeutic strategies. Synergistic and selective killing of cancer cells are then demonstrated using in vitro microfluidic models. Moreover, with the distinctive advantages of the Au@GO NP‐NACs for cancer theragnostics, precision cancer treatment through the detection of cancer cells in vivo using SERS followed by efficient ablation of tumors is shown. Therefore, the Au@GO NP‐NACs can pave a new road for advanced disease theragnostics.
Frequency‐Multiplexed Complex‐Amplitude Meta‐Devices Based on Bispectral 2‐Bit Coding Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Xie Rensheng , Xin Minbo , Chen Shiguo , Zhang Dajun , Wang Xiong , Zhai Guohua , Gao Jianjun , An Sensong , Zheng Bowen , Zhang Hualiang , Ding Jun
Published: October 2020

Meta‐devices have attracted great interest due to the unprecedented capabilities of manipulating wavefronts. Complex‐amplitude hologram can provide high‐quality images that can be free of ghost images and undesired diffraction orders. However, conventional meta‐holograms usually operate at a single band with phase‐only modulation. Here, a reflective 2‐bit meta‐hologram is proposed to operate with independent complex‐amplitude modulations at two frequency bands. The high‐efficiency meta‐atom is composed of a top perforated metallic layer, on which two C‐shape split ring resonators (CSRRs) are located in the centers of a circular hole and an annular slot. By tuning the sizes of the two CSRRs, dual‐band 2‐bit phase modulations can be individually achieved, while the amplitude profile can be continuously tailored at each band by rotating the corresponding CSRR without affecting the phase responses. Based on this emerging meta‐atom, a dual‐band bifocal metalens is demonstrated numerically and a bispectral meta‐hologram is validated both numerically and experimentally at two widely used communication bands. The proposed method features all desirable advantages of the coding metasurfaces with extra degrees of freedom by providing independent frequency control and amplitude modulation, which can provide great opportunities in multifunctional applications with enhanced performance and boosted information capacity.
Three Birds with One Stone: K2SiF6:Mn4+ Single Crystal Phosphors for High‐Power and Laser‐Driven Lighting
Authors: Zhou Yayun , Yu Changkai , Song Enhai , Wang Yuanjing , Ming Hong , Xia Zhiguo , Zhang Qinyuan
Published: October 2020

Narrow‐band red‐emitting fluoride phosphors play a crucial role in lighting and backlight displays, whereas the stability issue is a major challenge. Here, highly stable K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSFM) single crystal phosphors with tunable sizes (20–1000 µm) are grown by a facile saturated crystallization method. The small specific surface area together with the unique Mn4+‐rare interface layer in KSFM single crystals enables the simultaneous fulfillment of high external quantum efficiency, excellent moisture, improved thermal quenching, and dissipation for high‐power and laser‐driven lighting applications. As a prototype, a warm white laser diode device with a high luminous flux of 202.7 lm and correlated color temperature of 3277 K, as well as a color rendering index of 87.9 is presented. This work provides new insights into the development of highly efficient and stable materials for advanced lighting applications.
Filter‐Free Band‐Selective Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Lan Zhaojue , Lau Ying Suet , Wang Yiwen , Xiao Zuo , Ding Liming , Luo Dan , Zhu Furong
Published: October 2020

The present band‐selective photodetection is realized by incorporating different optical filters with broadband photodetectors (PDs). However, the use of the optical filters reduces the overall PD sensitivity. This work reports on the effort to develop high‐performance filter‐free band‐selective organic photodetectors (OPDs) having a heterostructure photoactive layer architecture, comprising a semiconducting shorter‐wavelength light depletion layer and a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer with an extended absorption to longer wavelengths. The filter‐free band‐selective photodetection is realized by adjusting the difference in wavelengths between the transmission cut‐off wavelength of the semiconducting light depletion layer and the absorption edge of the BHJ layer. For example, a filter‐free visible‐blind near‐infrared OPD, with a spectral rejection ratio of 100, a high responsivity of 0.39 A W−1, a high −3 dB cutoff frequency of 80 kHz, and a fast response time of ≈7 µs, is demonstrated, offering an exciting option for a plethora of applications in imaging and light communications.