bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NREM sleep is the state of vigilance that best identifies the epileptogenic zone in the interictal electroencephalogram
Authors: Klimes Petr , Cimbalnik Jan , Brazdil Milan , Hall Jeffery , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean , Frauscher Birgit
Published: November 2019

Objective

Interictal epileptiform anomalies such as epileptiform discharges or high‐frequency oscillations show marked variations across the sleep‐wake cycle. This study investigates which state of vigilance is the best to localize the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in interictal intracranial electroencephalography (EEG).

Methods

Thirty patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy undergoing stereo‐EEG (SEEG)/sleep recording and subsequent open surgery were included; 13 patients (43.3%) had good surgical outcome (Engel class I). Sleep was scored following standard criteria. Multiple features based on the interictal EEG (interictal epileptiform discharges, high‐frequency oscillations, univariate and bivariate features) were used to train a support vector machine (SVM) model to classify SEEG contacts placed in the EZ. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by the mean area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) and positive predictive values (PPVs) across 10‐minute sections of wake, non–rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) stages N2 and N3, REM sleep, and their combination.

Results

Highest AUCs were achieved in NREM sleep stages N2 and N3 compared to wakefulness and REM (P < .01). There was no improvement when using a combination of all four states (P > .05); the best performing features in the combined state were selected from NREM sleep. There were differences between good (Engel I) and poor (Engel II‐IV) outcomes in PPV (P < .05) and AUC (P < .01) across all states. The SVM multifeature approach outperformed spikes and high‐frequency oscillations (P < .01) and resulted in results similar to those of the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ; P > .05).

Significance

Sleep improves the localization of the EZ with best identification obtained in NREM sleep stages N2 and N3. Results based on the multifeature classification in 10 minutes of NREM sleep were not different from the results achieved by the SOZ based on 12.7 days of seizure monitoring. This finding might ultimately result in a more time‐efficient intracranial presurgical investigation of focal epilepsy.
The emergence of new wine design practices: Flexitanks and the assembling of bulk wine across global rural regions
Authors: Rainer Gerhard , Pütz Robert , Steiner Christian
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we argue that the rapid expansion of exports as a share of global wine production is strongly related to the invention of flexitanks for wine transportation and the concurrent exponential growth of the bulk wine industry. Bulk wine fundamentally changes wine production, from the organisation of grape growing to the commercialisation of the final product, as it enables companies to assemble wine across the globe by establishing new connections between distant rural regions. Building on ethnographic fieldwork with New Zealand and Chilean bulk wine producers and German large‐scale wineries which specialise in bulk wine blending and bottling, our aim in this paper is to investigate how these new connections are forged and sustained. Drawing on the work of Çalışkan and Callon, we consider marketisation processes to be composed of different types of framing, and we analyse three of them in respect of the bulk wine market: objectification of goods, marketising agencies, and market encounters. Through detailed analysis of one market encounter that we have called “wine design sessions,” we show that German retailers align the other bulk wine agencies in a way that means they are well placed to decide on the final composition of the wines in a highly flexible accumulation scheme. It is through these wine design sessions and the practices of tasting, comparing, designing, analysing, and controlling wines that they organise the assembling and objectification of bulk wines from Chile and New Zealand (and from other countries around the globe) according to their specifications. Hence, rather than through top‐down pressure, coordination in the bulk wine market is accomplished through mundane practices and mechanisms which allow for action at a distance and which connect (and sometimes disconnect) rural regions on a global stage.
Body fluid from the parasitic worm Ascaris suum inhibits broad‐acting pro‐inflammatory programs in dendritic cells
Authors: Arora Pankaj , Moll Janne Marie , Andersen Daniel , Workman Christopher Thomas , Williams Andrew R. , Kristiansen Karsten , Brix Susanne
Published: November 2019

Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for generating T‐cell‐based immune responses through sensing of potential inflammatory and metabolic cues in the local environment. However, there is still limited insight into the processes defining the resultant DC phenotype, including the type of early transcriptional changes in pro‐inflammatory cues towards regulatory or type 2 immune‐based cues induced by a variety of exogenous and endogenous molecules. Here we compared the ability of a selected number of molecules to modulate the pro‐inflammatory phenotype of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)‐stimulated human monocyte‐derived DCs towards an anti‐inflammatory or regulatory phenotype, including Ascaris suum body fluid [helminth pseudocoelomic fluid (PCF)], the metabolites succinate and butyrate, and the type 2 cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin and interleukin‐25. Our data show that helminth PCF and butyrate treatment suppress the T helper type 1 (Th1)‐inducing pro‐inflammatory DC phenotype through induction of different transcriptional programs in DCs. RNA sequencing indicated that helminth PCF treatment strongly inhibited the Th1 and Th17 polarizing ability of LPS + IFN‐γ‐matured DCs by down‐regulating myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)‐dependent and MyD88‐independent pathways in Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling. By contrast, butyrate treatment had a strong Th1‐inhibiting action, and transcripts encoding important gut barrier defending factors such as IL18, IL1B and CXCL8 were up‐regulated. Collectively, our results further understanding of how compounds from parasites and gut microbiota‐derived butyrate may exert immunomodulatory effects on the host immune system.
Flying, phones and flu: Anonymized call records suggest that Keflavik International Airport introduced pandemic H1N1 into Iceland in 2009
Authors: Kishore Nishant , Mitchell Rebecca , Lash Timothy L. , Reed Carrie , Danon Leon , Sigmundsdóttir Guðrún , Vigfusson Ymir
Published: November 2019

Background

Data collected by mobile devices can augment surveillance of epidemics in real time. However, methods and evidence for the integration of these data into modern surveillance systems are sparse. We linked call detail records (CDR) with an influenza‐like illness (ILI) registry and evaluated the role that Icelandic international travellers played in the introduction and propagation of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 virus in Iceland through the course of the 2009 pandemic.

Methods

This nested case‐control study compared odds of exposure to Keflavik International Airport among cases and matched controls producing longitudinal two‐week matched odds ratios (mORs) from August to December 2009. We further evaluated rates of ILI among 1st‐ and 2nd‐degree phone connections of cases compared to their matched controls.

Results

The mOR was elevated in the initial stages of the epidemic from 7 August until 21 August (mOR = 2.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.35, 4.78). During the two‐week period from 17 August through 31 August, we calculated the two‐week incidence density ratio of ILI among 1st‐degree connections to be 2.96 (95% CI: 1.43, 5.84).

Conclusions

Exposure to Keflavik International Airport increased the risk of incident ILI diagnoses during the initial stages of the epidemic. Using these methods for other regions of Iceland, we evaluated the geographic spread of ILI over the course of the epidemic. Our methods were validated through similar evaluation of a domestic airport. The techniques described in this study can be used for hypothesis‐driven evaluations of locations and behaviours during an epidemic and their associations with health outcomes.
An easy-to-perform, culture-free Campylobacter point-of-management assay for processing plant applications
Authors: Mason M.G. , Blackall P.J. , Botella J.R. , Templeton J.M.
Published: November 2019

Aims

Current culture-based methods for detection and determination of Campylobacter levels on processed chickens takes at least 2 days. Here we sought to develop a new complete, low-cost and rapid (approximately 2·5 h) detection system requiring minimal operator input.

Methods and Results

We observed a strong correlation between culture-based cell counts and our ability to detect either Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli by loop-mediated isothermal amplification from the same samples. This knowledge was used to develop a rapid and simple five-step assay to quantify Campylobacter, which was subsequently assessed for its specificity, reproducibility and accuracy in quantifying Campylobacter levels from processed chickens. The assay was found to be highly specific for C. jejuni and C. coli and was capable of distinguishing between samples that are either within or exceeding the industry set target of 6000 Campylobacter colony forming units (CFU) per carcass (equivalent to 12 CFU per ml of chicken rinse) with >90% accuracy relative to culture-based methods.

Conclusions

Our method can reliably quantify Campylobacter counts of processed chickens with an accuracy comparable to culture-based assays but provides results within hours as opposed to days.

Significance and Impact of the Study

The research presented here will help improve food safety by providing fast Campylobacter detection that will enable the implementation of real-time risk management strategies in poultry processing plants to rapidly test processed chickens and identify effective intervention strategies. This technology is a powerful tool that can be easily adapted for other organisms and thus could be highly beneficial for a broad range of industries.
Terminal investment strategies following infection are dependent on diet
Authors: Hudson Ali L. , Moatt Joshua P. , Vale Pedro F.
Published: November 2019

When future reproductive potential is threatened, for example following infection, the terminal investment hypothesis predicts that individuals will respond by investing preferentially in current reproduction. Terminal investment involves reallocating resources to current reproductive effort, so it is likely to be influenced by the quantity and quality of resources acquired through diet. Dietary protein specifically has been shown to impact both immunity and reproduction in a range of organisms, but its impact on terminal investment is unclear. We challenged females from ten naturally derived fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) genotypes with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We then placed these on either a standard or isocaloric high‐protein diet, and measured multiple components of reproductive investment. As oogenesis requires protein, and flies increase egg production with protein intake, we hypothesized that terminal investment would be easier to observe if protein was not already limiting. Oral exposure to the pathogen triggered an increase in reproductive investment. However, whereas flies feeding on a high‐protein diet increased the number of eggs laid when exposed to P. aeruginosa, those fed the standard diet did not increase the number of eggs laid but increased egg‐to‐adult viability following infection. This suggests that the specific routes through which flies terminally invest are influenced by the protein content of the maternal diet. We discuss the importance of considering diet and natural routes of infection when measuring nonimmunological defences.
Genome‐wide Transcriptional Analysis of Tetrahymena thermophila Response to Exogenous Cholesterol
Authors: Najle Sebastián R. , Hernández Josefina , Ocaña‐Pallarès Eduard , García Siburu Nicolás , Nusblat Alejandro D. , Nudel Clara B. , Slamovits Claudio H. , Uttaro Antonio D.
Published: November 2019

The ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila does not require sterols for growth and synthesizes pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohols, mainly tetrahymanol, as sterol surrogates. However, when sterols are present in the environment, T. thermophila efficiently incorporates and modifies them. These modifications consist of desaturation reactions at positions C5(6), C7(8), and C22(23), and de‐ethylation at C24 of 29‐carbon sterols (i.e. phytosterols). Three out of four of the enzymes involved in the sterol modification pathway have been previously identified. However, identification of the sterol C22 desaturase remained elusive, as did other basic aspects of this metabolism. To get more insights into this peculiar metabolism, we here perform a whole transcriptome analysis of T. thermophila in response to exogenous cholesterol. We found 356 T. thermophila genes to be differentially expressed after supplementation with cholesterol for 2 h. Among those that were upregulated, we found two genes belonging to the long spacing family of desaturases that we tentatively identified by RNAi analysis as sterol C22 desaturases. Additionally, we determined that the inhibition of tetrahymanol synthesis after supplementation with cholesterol occurs by a transcriptional downregulation of genes involved in squalene synthesis and cyclization. Finally, we identified several uncharacterized genes that are likely involved in sterols transport and signaling.
A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes, Characidae) from the upper Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil, with comments on morphological similarities with Stethaprioninae species from headwater environments
Authors: Teixeira Tulio F. , Dutra Guilherme M. , Penido Iago S. , dos Santos Sérgio A. , Pessali Tiago C.
Published: November 2019

A new species of Hyphessobrycon is described from a marshland area in the headwaters of Rio Jequitinhonha basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The new species differs from congeners by presenting a single well‐delimited conspicuous humeral blotch, rounded to vertically oval, restricted to the area dorsal to the lateral‐line row of scales, without a narrower downward extension, greatest body depth anterior to dorsal‐fin origin, bony processes in anal and pectoral‐fin rays of males and four teeth in the inner row of the premaxillary bone. The new species presents a set of morphological features shared by some species currently assigned to Hasemania, Myxiops and to the Astyanax scabripinnis complex. Some of these features are discussed.
Comparison between conventional and computerised methods in the assessment of an occlusal scheme
Authors: Dias Ricardo António Bernardo , Rodrigues Maria João Pascoal , Messias Ana Lúcia , Guerra Fernando Alberto Deométrio Alves , Manfredini Daniele
Published: November 2019

Purpose

In the definition of an occlusal scheme, clinicians should choose between conventional and computerised methods based on a careful appraise of the advantages and limitations. This study aims to assess the correlation between the two approaches in a clinical setting.

Methods

Twenty‐four patients were included to compare different methods of occlusal contacts assessment on the posterior surfaces of flat mandibular appliances. In supine position, they were asked to clench with maximum strength, in the maximum intercuspation position with a 24 μm articulating paper positioned between the teeth and the appliance surface. An extra‐oral photograph of the marks was taken (total N = 2082). They were visually classified based on a pre‐defined scale (ie, conventional assessment) and with ImageJ analysis software (ie, photographic software assessment). Additionally, a computerised occlusal analysis was performed (ie, computerised assessment). Correlation analysis of the data achieved with conventional, photographic and computerised assessments was performed.

Results

Correlation between conventional and computerised assessments was weak (r = .265), whilst it was moderate between conventional and photographic assessments (r = .633), as well as between photographic and computerised assessments (r = .476).

Conclusions

This investigation showed a weak‐to‐moderate correlation between different methods (ie, conventional, photographic and computerised) to assess occlusal marks. None of the three can actually be considered the standard of reference, but based on their specific features, it can bet suggested that the conventional method may be enough for most clinical purposes, unless otherwise proven.
Evaluation of hyoid movement during swallowing using a bend sensor
Authors: Murakami Kazuhiro , Minagi Yoshitomo , Hori Kazuhiro , Uehara Fumiko , Salazar Simonne E. , Inoue Makoto , Maeda Yoshinobu , Ikebe Kazunori , Ono Takahiro
Published: November 2019

Background

Movement of the hyoid and laryngeal complex is critical for preventing aspiration, as well as smooth bolus passage through the pharynx. We have developed a non‐invasive system for measuring laryngeal movement during swallowing with a bend sensor and have already reported the time coordination between the signal waveform from the sensor and hyoid movement.

Objective

The aim of this study was to clarify the quantitative association between the output value of the sensor and hyoid movement during swallowing.

Methods

A small bend sensor was fixed on the skin surface along the midline of the neck of 13 healthy men (mean age, 30.8 ± 4.5 years). Laryngeal and hyoid movements during swallowing of 5 mL of water were recorded synchronously by the bend sensor and videofluorography. The relationship between the bend sensor output value (LM value) and hyoid position (x‐ and y‐axis displacements) by videofluorography from the onset to the offset of the signal waveform was analysed for all tasks and for each task using Pearson's correlation coefficients.

Results

There was a positive correlation between the LM value and hyoid position for all tasks (x‐axis displacement: r = .647, y‐axis displacement: r = .233). In particular, there was a moderate to high correlation between the LM value and x‐axis displacement for each task (.453 ≤ r ≤ .934).

Conclusion

The LM value can be a quantitative parameter of anterior hyoid movement during swallowing that might be associated with bolus flow and upper oesophageal sphincter opening.
Are awe‐prone people more curious? The relationship between dispositional awe, curiosity, and academic outcomes
Authors: Anderson Craig L. , Dixson Dante D. , Monroy Maria , Keltner Dacher
Published: November 2019

Objective

Guided by a functional account of awe, we aimed to test the hypothesis that people who often feel awe are also more curious (Studies 1 and 2), and that this relationship in turn relates to academic outcomes (Study 3).

Method

In Study 1 (n = 1,005), we used a self‐report approach to test the relationship between dispositional awe and curiosity. In Study 2 (n = 100), we used a peer‐report approach to test if participants’ dispositional awe related to how curious they were rated by their friends. In Study 3, in a sample of 447 high school adolescents we tested if dispositional awe related to academic outcomes via curiosity.

Results

We found that dispositional awe was positively related to people's self‐rated curiosity (Study 1) and how curious they were rated by their friends (Study 2). In Study 3, we found that dispositional awe was related to academic outcomes via curiosity.

Conclusions

We conclude that among the seven positive emotion dispositions tested, awe was related to unique variance in curiosity, and this link in turn predicted academic outcomes. This work further characterizes awe as an epistemic emotion and suggests that activities that inspire awe may improve academic outcomes.
Reinvigorating the Study of Opportunism in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Lumineau Fabrice , Oliveira Nuno
Published: November 2019

Opportunism is a core issue in supply chain management. However, assumption‐omitted testing and a focus on general opportunism as opposed to specific forms of opportunism have stubbornly limited our understanding of this construct. Grounded in a review of empirical studies of opportunism, we identify empirical challenges that perpetuate conceptual limitations in the study of opportunism in supply chains. Hence, we provide suggestions about research designs and data sources that support an agenda that steers research to refine and develop the theory about opportunism. Our call for a reinvigoration of the study of opportunism supports rigor—by discussing research design and data sources—and relevance—by identifying topics for future supply chain research.
Job Reallocation Dynamics in India: Evidence from Large Manufacturing Plants
Authors: Neog Bhaskar Jyoti , Sahoo Bimal Kishore
Published: November 2019

The paper contributes to the limited literature on job reallocation dynamics in Indian manufacturing. The study uses annual data from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for the years 2000–01 to 2015–16. The study finds job reallocation in India to be quite high compared to flexible labour markets such as the United States and Canada. Gross job reallocation shows a rising trend over time, which is driven partially by the increasing share of contract workers in the workforce. There is heterogeneity in the job reallocation dynamics across job types. This is evident in the relative importance of the different job types as plants adjust to permanent and temporary changes in demand. Labour regulations also play an important role in such a process. Finally, in contrast to the evidence for the United States and the United Kingdom, our study found firm evidence to reject the hypothesis that job reallocation is countercyclical in India.
Pharmacotherapy in relieving the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome: A 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Paudel Durga , Utsunomiya Masafumi , Yoshida Koki , Giri Sarita , Uehara Osamu , Matsuoka Hirofumi , Chiba Itsuo , Toyofuku Akira , Abiko Yoshihiro
Published: November 2019

Objective

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic intraoral burning sensation with no identifiable causes. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of treatment strategy using ethyl loflazepate monotherapy or in combination with milnacipran or amitriptyline.

Method

A hospital‐based, retrospective study was conducted in 86 patients. The patients were divided into remission group and non‐remission group. The remission group comprised patients who were satisfied with their pain relief within a year of treatment initiation and did not require any follow‐up treatment. The treatment was considered effective if the patient got remission within 1 year or was able to reduce the visual analogue scale (VAS) score to <20, in the absence of remission.

Results

The treatment strategy was effective in 76.7% of the patients. Significant reductions (p < .05) in VAS scores from 73.5 ± 14.2 at first visit to 14.7 ± 8.7 at last visit in the remission group, and from 79.7 ± 14.3 at first visit to 33.4 ± 23.7 after 1 year of treatment in the non‐remission group were noted.

Conclusion

The treatment strategy using ethyl loflazepate monotherapy or in combination with milnacipran or amitriptyline can be very effective in reducing pain in BMS patients.
Secret Cold Warriors
Authors: Snyder Robert Lance
Published: November 2019

Harking back to The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963), John le Carré’s A Legacy of Spies (2017) reexamines the covert sphere’s code of expediency while also drawing attention to a generational chasm between the Cold War and the present era. Le Carré’s critique in Legacy focuses on retired agent Peter Guillam, once George Smiley’s protégé, who in his eighties is forced to recognize while poring over files half a century old his complicity in a regime of state‐sponsored secrecy. His failure to accept responsibility for his actions in the past significantly extends le Carré’s ethical concerns in such post‐Cold War novels as A Most Wanted Man (2008), Our Kind of Traitor (2010), and A Delicate Truth (2013). Like these narratives, Legacy revolves around the individual citizen’s obligation to speak truth to power in an age of raison d’état propaganda.
Engineering bacteriocin‐mediated resistance against the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Rooney William M. , Grinter Rhys W. , Correia Annapaula , Parkhill Julian , Walker Daniel C. , Milner Joel J.
Published: November 2019

The plant pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae (Ps), together with related Ps species, infects and attacks a wide range of agronomically important crops, including tomato, kiwifruit, pepper, olive and soybean, causing economic losses. Currently, chemicals and introduced resistance genes are used to protect plants against these pathogens but have limited success and may have adverse environmental impacts. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop alternative strategies to combat bacterial disease in crops. One such strategy involves using narrow‐spectrum protein antibiotics (so‐called bacteriocins), which diverse bacteria use to compete against closely related species. Here, we demonstrate that one bacteriocin, putidacin L1 (PL1), can be expressed in an active form at high levels in Arabidopsis and in Nicotiana benthamiana in planta to provide effective resistance against diverse pathovars of Ps. Furthermore, we find that Ps strains that mutate to acquire tolerance to PL1 lose their O‐antigen, exhibit reduced motility and still cannot induce disease symptoms in PL1‐transgenic Arabidopsis. Our results provide proof‐of‐principle that the transgene‐mediated expression of a bacteriocin in planta can provide effective disease resistance to bacterial pathogens. Thus, the expression of bacteriocins in crops might offer an effective strategy for managing bacterial disease, in the same way that the genetic modification of crops to express insecticidal proteins has proven to be an extremely successful strategy for pest management. Crucially, nearly all genera of bacteria, including many plant pathogenic species, produce bacteriocins, providing an extensive source of these antimicrobial agents.
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: Emerging biomarkers in metastatic melanoma
Authors: LoRusso Patricia M. , Schalper Kurt , Sosman Jeffrey
Published: November 2019

Targeted therapy directed against oncogenic BRAF mutations and immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed melanoma therapy over the past decade and prominently improved patient outcomes. However, not all patients will respond to targeted therapy or immunotherapy and many relapse after initially responding to treatment. This unmet need presents two major challenges. First, can we elucidate novel oncogenic drivers to provide new therapeutic targets? Second, can we identify patients who are most likely to respond to current therapeutic strategies in order to both more accurately select populations and avoid undue drug exposure in patients unlikely to respond? In an effort to evaluate the current state of the field with respect to these questions, we provide an overview of some common oncogenic mutations in patients with metastatic melanoma and ongoing efforts to therapeutically target these populations, as well as a discussion of biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibitors—including tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression and the future use of neoantigens as a means of truly personalized therapy. This information is becoming important in treatment decision making and provides the framework for a treatment algorithm based on the current landscape in metastatic melanoma.
A specialised pollination system using nectar‐seeking thynnine wasps in Caladenia nobilis (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Phillips R. D. , Bohman B. , Brown G. R. , Tomlinson S. , Peakall R.
Published: November 2019

Caladenia is a diverse Australian genus that is exceptional among orchids in having both species pollinated by food‐seeking and sexually deceived insects. Here, we investigated the pollination of Caladenia nobilis, a species predicted to be food‐deceptive due to its large, cream‐coloured and apparently nectarless flowers.

Pollinator observations were made using experimental clumps of flowers. Measurements of floral colour were undertaken with a spectrometer, nectar was tested using GC‐MS, and reproductive success was quantified for 2 years.

While C. nobilis attracted nine species of insect, only males of the thynnine wasp Rhagigaster discrepans exhibited the correct size and behaviour to remove and deposit pollen. Male R. discrepans attempted to feed from the surface of the labellum, often crawling to multiple flowers, but showed no evidence of sexual attraction. Most flowers produced little or no nectar, although some may provide enough sucrose to act as a meagre reward to pollinators. Floral colouration was similar to a related Caladenia species pollinated by sexual deception, although the sexually deceptive species had a dull‐red labellum. Reproductive success was generally low and highly variable between sites and years.

In addition to most visitors being of inappropriate size for pollinia removal, the lack of response to the orchid by several co‐occurring species of thynnine wasp suggests filtering of potential pollinators at the attraction phase. Our discovery of a pollination strategy that may be intermediate between food deception and food reward raises the question, how many putatively rewardless orchids actually produce meagre amounts of nectar?
Identification of a novel HLA‐C*07 allele in a Russian individual: HLA‐C*07:839N
Authors: Loginova Maria , Paramonov Igor
Published: November 2019

HLA‐C*07:839N differs from HLA‐C*07:04:01:01, by the deletion of two nucleotides ‐ AC at positions 352‐353 (codon 94).
Organelle contacts: Sub‐organelle zones to facilitate rapid and accurate inter‐organelle trafficking of lipids
Authors: Hanada Kentaro
Published: November 2019

When one person wants to communicate securely with another, he/she should contact the other person directly. This rule applies not only to human society, but also to the intracellular micro‐society. In the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that the sub‐organelle regions called membrane contact sites (MCSs) are pivotal for inter‐organelle transport of lipids in cells, as highlighted in the thematic review series “Interorganelle trafficking of lipids” held in Traffic in 2014–2015. In this commentary, we will describe how the currently prevailing model for lipid trafficking at MCSs was generated, and comment on three important issues that have not been explored: (a1) the principles guiding the generation of an asymmetrical inter‐organelle flow of lipids in cells, (b2) the advantages in lipid trafficking at organelle contacts, and (c3) the dynamic network of inter‐organelle lipid trafficking.
Geographies of vulnerability: Mapping transindividual geometries of identity and resistance
Authors: Brice Sage
Published: November 2019

Queer, feminist, and non‐representational geographies have highlighted the ways that a predetermined and self‐contained idea of the subject limits the options for theorising the politics of identity and resistance. Transgender lives speak to this problem in new and productive ways, alerting us to the constitutive vulnerability of individual bodies and ideas – a vulnerability that does not map neatly onto a passive/active binary of political agency and identity. This paper asks how a commitment to constitutive vulnerability might open up a space to think differently about the relationship between identity and resistance, by foregrounding processes of individual and collective becoming as the site of knowledge generation. It appeals to two readerships: to geographers already committed to non‐representational theory, with the suggestion that taking identity seriously as an operative concept is not irreconcilable with the tenets of process‐oriented ontology, and to queer and feminist geographers with the suggestion that process ontology offers a way to untangle some of the knotty and persistent problems of identity‐based social analysis. Drawing on Simondon's philosophy of transindividuation, it suggests a reconfigured geometry of subjectification, such that identitarian and representational claims are rendered incidental to the problem of individuation of political terms. This possibility is addressed in relation to a singular mode of transformative becoming – an account of gender transition – and in relation to a broader transgender and radical femme politics. The paper maps out a productive resonance between concepts of vulnerability, femininity, and resistance – in a reading that refuses not only the passive/active binary of political agency, but also the essentialist logics within which these concepts are habitually framed. This paper therefore explores the possibilities of a conceptual orientation to constitutive vulnerability for moving beyond anxious reproduction of existing orders of knowledge.
Endogenous salivary citrate is associated with enhanced rheological properties following oral capsaicin stimulation
Authors: Gardner Alexander , So Po‐Wah , Carpenter Guy
Published: November 2019

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

What are the relationships between physical properties of saliva, protein composition and metabolite composition?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Salivary citrate, one of the major endogenous metabolites in saliva, increased upon capsaicin stimulation and was associated with improved physical properties measured by extensional rheology. This suggests salivary gland citrate transporters might be a valuable area of future study.

Saliva displays viscoelastic properties which enable coating, lubrication and protection of the oral mucosa and hard tissues. Individuals lacking saliva or perceiving oral dryness can manage their symptoms using artificial saliva preparations, but these often fail to mimic the sensation and functionality of natural saliva. It is widely acknowledged that mucins (MUC7 and MUC5B) confer saliva's rheological properties, but artificial saliva containing purified mucins is still often an inadequate substitute. This work aimed to explore salivary components that influence salivary extensional rheology to better understand how natural saliva could be replicated. Saliva was stimulated via control and capsaicin solutions in healthy volunteers. Extensional rheology was analysed using a CaBER‐1 (capillary breakup) extensional rheometer. Protein composition, including mucins, was measured by gel‐electrophoresis band densitometry and metabolites were measured by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Capsaicin stimulation significantly increased capillary breakup time, extensional viscosity and the abundance of most major salivary proteins. Stimulation also increased salivary citrate and choline concentrations. Significant correlations were found between capillary breakup time and amylase (r = 0.67, P < 0.05), statherin (ρ = 0.66, P < 0.05) and citrate (ρ = 0.81, P < 0.01). The relationship between citrate and salivary rheology was subsequently investigated in vitro. These results suggest that citrate and non‐mucin proteins are stronger predictors of salivary rheology than the more often studied mucin glycoproteins. Potential mechanisms are discussed and future work in this area could help formulate more effective saliva substitutes, more closely resembling natural saliva.
Evaluating Kinesiology Faculty: Best Practices, Challenges, and Innovative Approaches
Authors: Martin Philip E. , Rudisill Mary E. , Hatfield Bradley D. , Russell Jared , Reeve T. Gilmour
Published: November 2019

One of the most important and yet more challenging and stressful tasks completed by a department chair is evaluating faculty. Regardless of its importance, though, department chairs often receive little or no training for this critical task. This paper contains three sections, all of which focus on faculty annual evaluations. The first section discusses a number of recommendations for conducting thorough and meaningful annual evaluations. The second section highlights a real case scenario at Auburn University in which all university departments were tasked with changing their evaluation procedures, criteria, and expectations for faculty performance to better align with the revised strategic goals and mission of the university. The third section highlights an innovative peer-based faculty performance-evaluation system employed in the department of kinesiology at the University of Maryland that is designed to engage all tenure-track faculty in the evaluation process.
Integrated textile sensor patch for real-time and multiplex sweat analysis
Authors: He Wenya , Wang Chunya , Wang Huimin , Jian Muqiang , Lu Wangdong , Liang Xiaoping , Zhang Xin , Yang Fengchun , Zhang Yingying
Published: November 2019

We report a sweat analysis patch based on silk-derived carbon textile for simultaneous detection of six health-related biomarkers.
Thermionic transport across gold-graphene-WSe
2
van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Rosul Md Golam , Lee Doeon , Olson David H. , Liu Naiming , Wang Xiaoming , Hopkins Patrick E. , Lee Kyusang , Zebarjadi Mona
Published: November 2019

This paper demonstrates a realistic device for nanoscale cooling and power generation made out of 2D van der Waals structures.
Machine learning–assisted molecular design and efficiency prediction for high-performance organic photovoltaic materials
Authors: Sun Wenbo , Zheng Yujie , Yang Ke , Zhang Qi , Shah Akeel A. , Wu Zhou , Sun Yuyang , Feng Liang , Chen Dongyang , Xiao Zeyun , Lu Shirong , Li Yong , Sun Kuan
Published: November 2019

Machine learning can be a powerful tool to prescreen new materials, thus accelerating the development of the OPV field.
Neutrophils restrain allergic airway inflammation by limiting ILC2 function and monocyte–dendritic cell antigen presentation
Authors: Patel Dhiren F. , Peiró Teresa , Bruno Nicoletta , Vuononvirta Juho , Akthar Samia , Puttur Franz , Pyle Chloe J. , Suveizdytė Kornelija , Walker Simone A. , Singanayagam Aran , Carlin Leo M. , Gregory Lisa G. , Lloyd Clare M. , Snelgrove Robert J.
Published: November 2019

G-CSF augments T
H
2 responses in allergen-sensitized mice and is negatively regulated by transmigrated lung neutrophils.
VEGF-A drives TOX-dependent T cell exhaustion in anti–PD-1–resistant microsatellite stable colorectal cancers
Authors: Kim Chang Gon , Jang Mi , Kim Youngun , Leem Galam , Kim Kyung Hwan , Lee Hoyoung , Kim Tae-Shin , Choi Seong Jin , Kim Hyung-Don , Han Ji Won , Kwon Minsuk , Kim Jong Hoon , Lee Andrew J. , Nam Su Kyung , Bae Seok-Joo , Lee Sat Byol , Shin Sang Joon , Park Sung Ho , Ahn Joong Bae , Jung Inkyung , Lee Kang Young , Park Su-Hyung , Kim Hoguen , Min Byung Soh , Shin Eui-Cheol
Published: November 2019

VEGF-A drives T cell exhaustion via TOX-dependent transcriptional programming in microsatellite stable colorectal cancers.
Second-Generation Antidiabetic Sulfonylureas Inhibit Candida albicans and Candidalysin-Mediated Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Lowes David J. , Hevener Kirk E. , Peters Brian M.
Published: November 2019

Repurposing of currently approved medications is an attractive option for the development of novel treatment strategies against physiological and infectious diseases. The antidiabetic sulfonylurea glyburide has demonstrated off-target capacity to inhibit activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in a variety of disease models, including vaginal candidiasis, caused primarily by the fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
.
Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of modern Andean rivers in Ecuador: Fingerprinting tectonic provinces and assessing downstream propagation of provenance signals
Authors: Jackson Lily J. , Horton Brian K. , Vallejo Cristian
Published: November 2019

Recognizing detrital contributions from sediment source regions is fundamental to provenance studies of active and ancient orogenic settings. Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of unconsolidated sands from modern rivers that have source catchments with contrasting bedrock signatures provides insight into the fidelity of U-Pb age signatures in discriminating tectonic provenance and downstream propagation of environmental signals. We present 1705 new detrital zircon U-Pb ages for 15 samples of unconsolidated river sands from 12 modern rivers over a large spatial extent of Ecuador (∼1°N–5°S and ∼79°–77°W).

Results show distinctive U-Pb age distributions with characteristic zircon age populations for various tectonic provinces along the Andean convergent margin, including the forearc, magmatic arc, and internal (hinterland) and external (foreland) segments of the fold-thrust belt. (1) Forearc and magmatic arc (Western Cordillera) river sands are characterized by Neogene–Quaternary age populations from magmatic sources. (2) Rivers in the hinterland (Eastern Cordillera) segment of the Andean fold-thrust belt have substantial populations of Proterozoic and Paleozoic ages, representing upper Paleozoic–Mesozoic sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of ultimate cratonic origin. (3) River sands in the frontal fold-thrust belt (Subandean Zone to Oriente Basin) show distinctive bimodal Jurassic age populations, a secondary Triassic population, and subordinate Early Cretaceous ages representative of Mesozoic plutonic and metamorphic bedrock.

Detrital zircon U-Pb results from a single regional watershed (Rio Pastaza) spanning the magmatic arc to foreland basin show drastic downstream variations, including the downstream loss of magmatic arc and hinterland signatures and abrupt introduction and dominance of selected sources within the fold-thrust belt. Disproportionate contributions from Mesozoic crystalline metamorphic rocks, which form high-elevation, high-relief areas subject to focused precipitation and active tectonic deformation, are likely the product of focused erosion and high volumes of local sediment input from the frontal fold-thrust belt, leading to dilution of upstream signatures from the hinterland and magmatic arc.
Options valuation and calibration for leveraged exchange-traded funds with Heston–Nandi and inverse Gaussian GARCH models
Authors: Cao Hongkai , Chatterjee Rupak , Cui Zhenyu
Published: November 2019

Leveraged exchange-traded funds (LETF) are newly introduced ETFs that have become increasingly popular. It closely tracks the value of an underlying index while allowing for additional leverage. In this paper, we consider the valuation of options written on LETF under two popular affine GARCH models, the Heston–Nandi model and the inverse Gaussian GARCH model. We also calibrate the two models using market data, and demonstrate the superior pricing performance.
Experimental Resin-Based Monoblock Endodontic Obturation System
Authors: Pereira Thiago Machado , Piva Evandro , Cuevas-Suárez Carlos Enrique , Ricci Volpato Luiz Evaristo , Neto Manoel dos Santos da Silva , Pivatto Kellin , Pécora Jesus Djalma , Borges Álvaro Henrique
Published: November 2019

Objective. The aim of the present study was to characterize a novel resin-based monoblock endodontic obturation system consisting of a polymeric cone and a resin-based endodontic sealer.Methods. The preliminary tests performed for the experimental cone were as follows: cohesive strength, dimensional stability, standardization of the diameter and taper, calcium ion release, and radiopacity, for the characterization of the experimental sealer, film thickness and flow tests were performed. Tests were performed according to the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) Standards Nos. 57 and 78. The experimental cone was compared to gutta-percha, whereas the experimental sealer was compared to AH Plus. Data were analyzed by Student’st-test (α = 0.05).Results. The experimental cone had superior values for cohesive strength and dimensional stability compared to gutta-percha. Regarding calcium ion release, the experimental system continued to release calcium ions after 30 days. Film thickness was similar for both endodontic sealers; conversely, the experimental resin-based sealer achieved higher values for flow compared to AH Plus.Conclusion. The experimental resin-based monoblock obturation system fully met the requirements of the ANSI/ADA Standard No. 78 and the ANSI/ADA Standard No. 57, except for radiopacity. Considering this, further studies are still needed to evaluate other radiopacifiers and the effect of their incorporation on the physicochemical properties of this novel resin-based monoblock endodontic obturation system.
Robust Admissibilization for Discrete‐Time Singular Systems with Time‐Varying Delay
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Han Shengzhi , Chen Jian
Published: November 2019

The problems of the admissibility and state feedback stabilization for discrete‐time singular systems with interval time‐varying delay and norm‐bounded uncertainty are studied. The system is equivalently transformed into a new comparison form by decomposition. By taking advantage of the Seuret summation inequality, the reciprocally convex inequality, and some relaxation techniques, a delay‐dependent criterion that ensures the admissibility of the concerned systems is established. The result on robust stabilization is also obtained by fixing some parameters. It should be pointed out that the results are less dependent on the parameters so that some conservatism is reduced. A numerical example is included to illustrate the effectiveness and improvement of the proposed methods.
Causal Inference for Genetically Determined Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Infectious Disease
Authors: Trinder Mark , Walley Keith R. , Boyd John H. , Brunham Liam R.
Published: November 2019

Objective:

HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (LDL-C) are inversely associated with infectious hospitalizations. Whether these represent causal relationships is unknown.

Approach and Results:

Adults of 40 to 69 years of age were recruited from across the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010 and followed until March 31, 2016, as part of the UK Biobank. We determined HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride polygenic scores for UK Biobank participants of British white ancestry (n=407 558). We examined the association of lipid levels and polygenic scores with infectious hospitalizations, antibiotic usage, and 28-day sepsis survival using Cox proportional hazards or logistic regression models. Measured levels of HDL-C and LDL-C were inversely associated with risk of infectious hospitalizations, while triglycerides displayed a positive association. A 1-mmol/L increase in genetically determined levels of HDL-C associated with a hazard ratio for infectious disease of 0.84 ([95% CI, 0.75–0.95];
P
=0.004). Mendelian randomization using genetic variants associated with HDL-C as an instrumental variable was consistent with a causal relationship between elevated HDL-C and reduced risk of infectious hospitalizations (inverse weighted variance method,
P
=0.001). Furthermore, of 3222 participants who experienced an index episode of sepsis, there was a significant inverse association between continuous HDL-C polygenic score and 28-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.14–0.96] per 1 mmol/L increase;
P
=0.04). LDL-C and triglyceride polygenic scores were not significantly associated with hospitalization for infection, antibiotic use, or sepsis mortality.

Conclusions:

Our results provide causal inference for an inverse relationship between HDL-C, but not LDL-C or triglycerides, and risk of an infectious hospitalization.