bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One‐Pot Synthesis of Phenanthridinones by Using a Base‐Catalyzed/Promoted Bicyclization of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Dimethyl Glutaconate
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Jia‐Jia , Kan Xing‐Lan , Zhang Lu , Zhao Yu‐Long , Liu Qun
Published: June 2015

A new strategy for the highly efficient construction of functionalized phenanthridinones has been developed by starting from readily available acyclic α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds that have a 2‐aminophenyl group at the β‐position or carbonyl carbon and dimethyl glutaconate. The domino reaction involves an intermolecular [3+3] annulation followed by an intramolecular aza‐cyclization/aromatization process and allows for the synthesis of polysubstituted dihydrophenanthridinone and phenanthridinone derivatives in high to excellent yields under extremely mild conditions (i.e., transition‐metal‐free and open to air) in a single step.
Double dispersant‐assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with capillary electrophoresis for the determination of benzophenone‐type ultraviolet filters in sunscreen cosmetic product
Authors: Ma Teng , Li Zheng , Niu Qian , Li Yuanyuan , Zhou Weihong
Published: June 2015

In this work, double dispersant‐assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with micellar electrokinetic chromatography was developed to determine four UV filters (benzophenone, 4‐hydroxybenzophenone, 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone, and 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone). 1‐Hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was used as the extraction solvent. The main novelty of the present work was that acetonitrile‐Triton X‐114 was used as double disperser solvent. Parameters affected the extraction efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors were in the range of 25.3−40.5. The limits of detection and quantitation, calculated at a S/N of three and ten, were 3.9−6.7 ng/mL and 13.0−22.3 ng/mL. The linearity of the method was in the range of 0.02−2 μg/mL for 2, 4‐dihydroxybenzophenone and 4‐hydroxybenzophenone, 0.01−2 μg/mL for benzophenone and 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone, with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9984−0.9991. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of four benzophenone‐type UV filters in six kinds of sunscreen cosmetic products, with yielded relative recoveries ranging from 80.2 to 117.7%.
Variations of secretome profiles according to conditioned medium preparation: The example of human mesenchymal stem cell‐derived adipocytes
Authors: Clabaut Aline , Grare Céline , Léger Thibaut , Hardouin Pierre , Broux Odile
Published: June 2015

One challenging point in analyzing cellular secretome collected as conditioned medium is cross‐contamination by cell culture media components, especially bovine serum proteins. A common approach for serum removal is to wash the cells, an alternative is to grow cells using serum‐free conditions. Given that the sample processing may influence the phenotype of cells and thus the secretome, it is important to establish the optimal protocol for each cell type. In this study, we compared two methods for preparing conditioned medium from human adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Cells were either washed twice with PBS or cultured the last four days of differentiation in serum‐free adipogenic medium. Gene expression of the cells was evaluated by using real‐time PCR and 1D LC‐MS/MS was used to compare secreted proteins present in the culture supernatants. Surprisingly, results showed significant differences in gene expression patterns of the cells and in protein content of the conditioned media and suggested that PBS washes induced severe modifications of the phenotype of cells and thus changes in protein secretion profiles. These data emphasize the significant variations in protein species related to cell manipulations and underline the importance of procedure optimization prior to any proteomic investigation.
Analysis of 17 Y‐STR loci haplotype and Y‐chromosome haplogroup distribution in five Chinese ethnic groups
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Chao , Zhang Chu‐chu , Li Ran , LI Yue , Ou Xue‐ling , Sun Hong‐yu
Published: June 2015

To investigate genetic diversity in Chinese populations, 706 unrelated male individuals from five ethnic groups (Han, Korean, Hui, Mongolian, and Tibetan, respectively) were analyzed with 17 Y‐chromosomal STRs. The haplotype diversity was 0.99985 in the combined data. A total of 675 distinct haplotypes were observed, of which 649 were unique. Y‐chromosome haplogroups in the five groups were also predicted with Y‐STR haplotypes. Genetic distance between the five studied ethnic groups and other published groups was analyzed by analysis of molecular variance and visualized in a multidimensional scaling plot. In conclusion, the 17 Y‐STR loci are highly polymorphic markers in the five groups and hence are very useful in forensic application, population genetics, and human evolution studies.
Tilted pillar array fabrication by the combination of proton beam writing and soft lithography for microfluidic cell capture: Part 1 Design and feasibility
Authors: Rajta Istvan , Huszánk Robert , Szabó Atilla T. T. , Nagy Gyula U. L. , Szilasi Szabolcs , Fürjes Peter , Holczer Eszter , Fekete Zoltan , Járvás Gabor , Szigeti Marton , Hajba Laszlo , Bodnár Judit , Guttman Andras
Published: June 2015

Design, fabrication, integration, and feasibility test results of a novel microfluidic cell capture device is presented, exploiting the advantages of proton beam writing to make lithographic irradiations under multiple target tilting angles and UV lithography to easily reproduce large area structures. A cell capture device is demonstrated with a unique doubly tilted micropillar array design for cell manipulation in microfluidic applications. Tilting the pillars increased their functional surface, therefore, enhanced fluidic interaction when special bioaffinity coating was used, and improved fluid dynamic behavior regarding cell culture injection. The proposed microstructures were capable to support adequate distribution of body fluids, such as blood, spinal fluid, etc., between the inlet and outlet of the microfluidic sample reservoirs, offering advanced cell capture capability on the functionalized surfaces. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the microfluidic systems were tested with yeast cells (similar size as red blood cells) for efficient capture.
A new method for mixing of suspended superparamagnetic beads using variable electromagnetic fields
Authors: Stange Robert , Lenk Felix , Eckert Kerstin , Lenk Stephan , Bley Thomas , Boschke Elke
Published: June 2015

The detection, identification, and analysis of bacterial pathogens are highly important for identifying potential health risks. Often, the first step of the process is an enrichment of the pathogens to such densities that exceed the detection limits of analytical instruments. In this context, biomagnetic separation is a promising approach to achieve this enrichment due to its selectivity and efficiency. Here, we present the electromagnetic sample mixer (ESM), an innovative device that may optimize this process. The aim of the ESM is to improve the binding between the superparamagnetic particles (beads) and the intended biological targets through the movement of the beads using variable magnetic fields to reduce these costly beads and save process time. The magnetic fields are generated using three electromagnets equipped with magnetic cores with special pole shoe geometry. This geometry was improved by numerical simulation of the magnetic field using FEMLAB 3. Also, proof‐of‐principle studies with Escherichia coli were performed by comparing the separation efficiencies received using the ESM and the conventional Dynabeads MX4 Mixer (Life Technologies AG, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The results show a similar performance of these two devices.
A 13‐year record of erosion on badland sites in the Karoo, South Africa
Authors: Boardman John , Favis‐Mortlock David , Foster Ian
Published: June 2015

Land degradation in South Africa has been of concern for more than 100 years with both climate change and inappropriate land management (overgrazing) being proposed as primary drivers. However, there are few quantitative studies of degradation and, in particular, few of erosion by water. Badlands, taken here to be the landform which results from extreme erosion, have been notably neglected. We report on 13 consecutive years of erosion pin measurements of badland erosion on 10 study sites in the Sneeuberg uplands of the eastern Karoo in South Africa. The study sites are on Holocene colluvium which mantles footslopes. They have been subject to overgrazing for at least 100 years, c. 1850–1950. Currently they are lightly grazed by sheep. The area receives about 500 mm rainfall per year. The sites are remote, with only informal, farmer‐operated, daily raingauges nearby. The nearest sub‐daily raingauge is c. 55 km distant. Also we report on an analysis of the erosion pin data which focuses on establishing the origins and context of the badlands, including the relationship between study sites and adjacent valley‐bottom gully systems; compare erosion rates on our study sites with rates determined by erosion pins on other badland sites; and discuss the implications of these erosion rates for landscape development and off‐site impacts. Net erosion rates on the study sites are relatively high compared with global badland rates and range from 3.1 to 8.5 mm yr‐1 which may be extrapolated to 53 to 145 t ha yr‐1 (using a measured bulk density of 1.7 g cm‐3). However, comparisons with badland sites elsewhere are difficult because of different measuring methodologies, lithologies, climate and dominant processes. Erosion rates on the study sites are strongly influenced by rainfall amounts and, in particular, by daily rainfall events which exceed ~10 mm: this is the threshold intensity at which runoff has been observed to commence on badlands. Of significance, but of lesser influence, is weathering, mainly by wetting and drying: this prepares bare surfaces for erosion. However, questions remain regarding the role of site characteristics, and of processes at each site, in determining between‐site differences in erosion rate. Crude extrapolation of current rates of erosion, in conjunction with depths of incision into the badlands, suggests that badland development started around 200 years ago, probably as a response to the introduction of European‐style stock farming which resulted in overgrazing. We assume, but cannot quantify, the additional influence of periods of drought and burning in the erosional history of the area. Intermittent connection of these badlands to valley‐bottom gullies and therefore to small farm dams and ultimately to large water storage reservoirs increases their impact on local water resources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Performance of SOFC Model Under Different Three‐phase Load Conditions
Authors: Gelen A. , Yalcinoz T.
Published: June 2015

In this paper, the dynamic performance of a modified thermal based dynamic model of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is presented under different three‐phase load conditions. The modified thermal based fuel cell model contains ohmic, activation and concentration voltage losses, thermal dynamics, methanol reformer and fuel utilization factor limiting stage. SOFC model and the power conditioning unit (PCU), which consists of a DC‐DC boost converter, a DC‐AC inverter, their controller, transformer and filter, are developed on Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that the real and reactive power management of the inverter is performed successfully in an AC power system with the proposed thermal based SOFC model under three‐phase load conditions such as ohmic loads, switched ohmic−inductive loads and a three‐phase induction motor. Finally, the three‐phase induction motor is performed both no load and load conditions. The simulation results show that the modified thermal based fuel cell model provides an accurate representation of the dynamic and steady state behavior of the fuel cell under different three‐phase load conditions.
Integration of Planar Heat Pipes to Solid Oxide Cell Short Stacks
Authors: Dillig M. , Meyer T. , Karl J.
Published: June 2015

This work presents the results of a thermal balancing, heat removal and supply mechanism via high temperature heat spreaders integrated to the solid oxide cell (SOC) stacks. Planar alkali metal heat pipes for almost isothermal two‐directional heat transfer at high power densities are incorporated into the metal interconnector structure of SOC‐short stacks. The objective of this concept is a temperature gradient shrinking within the stacks and a thermal control of SOFC system with a largely reduced additional air cooling. Subsequent to the development of planar heat pipe interconnectors with thickness down to 4 mm and heat transfer rates of up to 150 W per cm2 cross sectional area at isothermal operation, this paper describes their integration into the SOC stack structure. Therefore, short stacks with incorporated planar heat pipes are designed and built up for evaluation. The experimental study focuses on the influence of planar heat pipe interconnectors on temperature distributions within short stacks under various thermal load conditions. The experiments demonstrate the beneficial effects on thermal control of the stack structure and allow a first estimation of their amplitudes.
Systemic inflammation activates satellite glial cells in the mouse nodose ganglion and alters their functions
Authors: Feldman‐Goriachnik Rachel , Belzer Vitali , Hanani Menachem
Published: June 2015

Satellite glial cell (SGCs) in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia are altered structurally and functionally under pathological conditions associated with chronic pain. These changes include reactive gliosis, augmented coupling by gap junctions, and increased responses to ATP via purinergic P2 receptors. Similar information for nodose ganglia (NG), which receive sensory inputs from internal organs via the vagus nerves, is missing. Here, we investigated changes in SGCs in mouse NG after the intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which induces systemic inflammation. Using calcium imaging we found that SGCs in intact, freshly isolated NG are sensitive to ATP, acting largely via purinergic P2 receptors (mixed P2X and P2Y), with threshold at 0.1 μM. A single systemic injection of LPS (2.5 mg/kg) induced a 6‐fold increase in the responses to ATP, largely by augmenting the sensitivity of P2X receptors. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that at 1–14 days post‐LPS injection the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in SGCs was 2–3‐fold greater than controls. The expression of pannexin 1 channels increased 2‐fold at day 7 after LPS injection. Using intracellular labeling we examined dye coupling among SGCs around different neurons, and observed an over 2‐fold higher incidence of dye coupling after the induction of inflammation. Incubating the ganglia with ATP increased dye coupling by acting on neuronal P2X receptors, suggesting a role for ATP in the LPS‐induced changes. We conclude that inflammation induces prominent changes in SGCs of NG, which might have a role in vagal afferent functions, such as the inflammatory reflex. GLIA 2015;63:2121–2132
The Value of CEO Mobility: Contextual Factors That Shape the Impact of Prior CEO Experience on Market Performance and CEO Compensation
Authors: Bragaw Nathan A. , Misangyi Vilmos F.
Published: June 2015

This study examines the value that prior CEO experience has for the companies that hire such CEOs—as reflected in the firms’ subsequent market‐based performance—as well as its value for the CEO that possesses this experience—as reflected in his or her initial compensation. While we suggest that shareholders tend not to benefit from firms hiring experienced CEOs, we also argue that particular firm and industry contextual factors that shaped the prior CEO experience help ameliorate this detrimental effect. Regardless, we also suggest that prior CEO experience generally stands to benefit the CEOs, in that it brings them a compensation premium over those CEOs without such prior experience. We tested our hypotheses on a sample of 654 US CEO succession events that occurred between 2001 and 2004 and found broad support for our hypotheses. We close with a discussion of the implications of our findings for future research as well as what they mean for firms hiring experienced CEOs and for CEO careers more generally. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hiring for Networks: Social Capital and Staffing Practices in Transitional China
Authors: Zhang Yanlong , Lin Nan
Published: June 2015

This article investigates how firms’ use of social capital criteria in staffing practices has been affected by China's transitional institutional environment and explores the impacts of person‐job fit in the social capital dimension on employees’ performance. Empirical results show that non‐state‐owned enterprises set a higher social capital standard in the hiring process than state‐owned enterprises. Foreign‐invested enterprises outperform other firms in promoting a better match between individuals rich in social capital and the positions that need such resources. In places with intensive market competition, foreign and private enterprises pay even more attention to employees’ social capital when making HR decisions. Moreover, a better match between people and positions from a social capital aspect has a positive impact on employees’ performance. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical validity of a DPYD‐based pharmacogenetic test to predict severe toxicity to fluoropyrimidines
Authors: Toffoli Giuseppe , Giodini Luciana , Buonadonna Angela , Berretta Massimiliano , De Paoli Antonino , Scalone Simona , Miolo Gianmaria , Mini Enrico , Nobili Stefania , Lonardi Sara , Pella Nicoletta , Lo Re Giovanni , Montico Marcella , Roncato Rossana , Dreussi Eva , Gagno Sara , Cecchin Erika
Published: June 2015

Pre‐therapeutic DPYD pharmacogenetic test to prevent fluoropyrimidines (FL)‐related toxicities is not yet common practice in medical oncology. We aimed at investigating the clinical validity of DPYD genetic analysis in a large series of oncological patients. Six hundred three cancer patients, treated with FL, have been retrospectively tested for eight DPYD polymorphisms (DPYD‐rs3918290, DPYD‐rs55886062, DPYD‐rs67376798, DPYD‐rs2297595, DPYD‐rs1801160, DPYD‐rs1801158, DPYD‐rs1801159, DPYD‐rs17376848) for association with Grade ≥3 toxicity, developed within the first three cycles of therapy. DPYD‐rs3918290 and DPYD‐rs67376798 were associated to Grade ≥3 toxicity after bootstrap validation and Bonferroni correction (p = 0.003, p = 0.048). DPYD‐rs55886062 was not significant likely due to its low allelic frequency, nonetheless one out of two heterozygous patients (compound heterozygous with DPYD‐rs3918290) died from toxicity after one cycle. Test specificity for the analysis of DPYD‐rs3918290, DPYD‐rs55886062 and DPYD‐rs67376798 was assessed to 99%. Among the seven patients carrying one variant DPYD‐rs3918290, DPYD‐rs55886062 or DPYD‐rs67376798 allele, not developing Grade ≥3 toxicity, 57% needed a FL dose or schedule modification for moderate chronic toxicity. No other DPYD polymorphism was associated with Grade ≥3 toxicity. Our data demonstrate the clinical validity and specificity of the DPYD‐rs3918290, DPYD‐rs55886062, DPYD‐rs67376798 genotyping test to prevent FL‐related Grade ≥3 toxicity and to preserve treatment compliance, and support its introduction in the clinical practice.
Genetic variants in VEGF pathway genes in neoadjuvant breast cancer patients receiving bevacizumab: Results from the randomized phase III GeparQuinto study
Authors: Hein Alexander , Lambrechts Diether , von Minckwitz Gunter , Häberle Lothar , Eidtmann Holger , Tesch Hans , Untch Michael , Hilfrich Jörn , Schem Christian , Rezai Mahdi , Gerber Bernd , Dan Costa Serban , Blohmer Jens‐Uwe , Schwedler Kathrin , Kittel Kornelia , Fehm Tanja , Kunz Georg , Beckmann Matthias W. , Ekici Arif B. , Hanusch Claus , Huober Jens , Liedtke Cornelia , Mau Christine , Moisse Matthieu , Müller Volkmar , Nekljudova Valentina , Peuteman Gilian , Rack Brigitte , Rübner Matthias , Van Brussel Thomas , Wang Liewei , Weinshilboum Richard M. , Loibl Sibylle , Fasching Peter A.
Published: June 2015

Studies assessing the effect of bevacizumab (BEV) on breast cancer (BC) outcome have shown different effects on progression‐free and overall survival, suggesting that a subgroup of patients may benefit from this treatment. Unfortunately, no biomarkers exist to identify these patients. Here, we investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGF pathway genes correlate with pathological complete response (pCR) in the neoadjuvant GeparQuinto trial. HER2‐negative patients were randomized into treatment arms receiving either BEV combined with standard chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. In a pre‐planned biomarker study, DNA was collected from 729 and 724 patients, respectively from both treatment arms, and genotyped for 125 SNPs. Logistic regression assessed interaction between individual SNPs and both treatment arms to predict pCR. Five SNPs may be associated with a better response to BEV, but none of them remained significant after correction for multiple testing. The two SNPs most strongly associated, rs833058 and rs699947, were located upstream of the VEGF‐A promoter. Odds ratios for the homozygous common, heterozygous and homozygous rare rs833058 genotypes were 2.36 (95% CI, 1.49–3.75), 1.20 (95% CI, 0.88–1.64) and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.34–1.12). Notably, some SNPs in VEGF‐A exhibited a more pronounced effect in the triple‐negative subgroup. Several SNPs in VEGF‐A may be associated with improved pCR when receiving BEV in the neoadjuvant setting. Although none of the observed effects survived correction for multiple testing, our observations are consistent with previous studies on BEV efficacy in BC. Further research is warranted to clarify the predictive value of these markers.
Some Systems Engineering Considerations for e‐Commerce Projects
Authors: Shah Bharat
Published: June 2015

This article summarizes selected aspects of applying a Systems Engineering Life Cycle framework for the successful implementation of an electronic commerce (e‐commerce) web site development project. Emphasis is on articulating a variety of need, requirement, and implementation issues that typically need to be addressed in e‐commerce development projects.
Experiences in E‐Learning: Portland State University System Engineering Program
Authors: Blyler John , Migliore Herman
Published: June 2015

The demand for professional education is changing higher education, made even more dramatic due to the convenience and richness of the Internet as a learning environment. The Systems Engineering program at Portland State University (PSU) has offered Internet courses every term since the spring term of 1999. During that time, a variety of issues were addressed, covering everything from technical requirements, development tools, teaching methodologies, learning approaches, program promotion, diversity of a global student body, student services, student satisfaction, and faculty buy‐in. Many of these experiences have been distilled into a number of “lessons learned,” related to our courses and program.
Enterprise Development of a CDROM Systems Engineering Book of Knowledge (CD‐SEBOK) using Internet‐Based Collection Methods and Object Technology
Authors: Beshore David G. , Patmor Lynette L. , Wilson Willie B.
Published: June 2015

Since 1997, our systems engineering (SE) process organization developed tools, techniques, and methods using commercial‐off‐the‐shelf (COTS) tools and Web servers to collect and deploy systems engineering knowledge. The phases of development described, herein, explain the rapid growth and contributions that began with a single dedicated web‐based PC server, and culminated in a CDROM‐based Systems Engineering Book of Knowledge (CD‐SEBOK) from a network of servers. The development steps included:

Initially providing content on a single SE process –“requirements” on prototype server (1997)

Expansion to six (6) processes for the entire SE department (1998)

Validation of content by process owners (1998)

Transfer of content to CDROM to provide a virtual web, version control and personal search engine (1999)

Expansion of content from multiple business site websites (1999)

Recapture on CDROM (2000)
Accumulation and toxicity of intravenously‐injected functionalized graphene oxide in mice
Authors: Wen Kai‐Ping , Chen Ying‐Chieh , Chuang Chia‐Hui , Chang Hwan‐You , Lee Chi‐Young , Tai Nyan‐Hwa
Published: June 2015

Graphene and its functionalized derivatives have recently emerged as interesting nanomaterials with promising applications in biomedicine. In this study, the long‐term in vivo biodistribution of intravenously injected nanographene oxide (NGO) functionalized with poly sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate (PSS) was systematically examined and the potential toxicity over 6 months of NGO‐PSS nanoparticles was investigated. Our results showed that the nanoparticles mainly accumulate in the lung, liver and spleen, where they persist for at least 6 months. These nanoparticles result in acute liver injury and chronic inflammation of the lung, liver and spleen, as evidenced by blood biochemistry results and histological examinations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teaching Leadership Through a Cultural–Psychological Lens
Authors: Grimes Matthew W.
Published: June 2015

Leadership education is in a unique position at the college level. The study of leadership is both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, and is often found in different academic departments at different institutions. The educational aspect of leadership is often overlooked, leaving many college teachers with an opportunity to further develop their pedagogy and practice. In the current paper, a cultural–psychological approach to leadership education, grounded in a review of prominent educational psychologist and educator Jerome Bruner's (2008) book The Culture of Education, is presented. The educational framework along with implications as to how this approach adds value to curricular design and classroom instruction in the undergraduate leadership studies classroom are provided.
Igniting Passion and Possibilities Through the Arts: Conflict, Collaboration and Leadership Through Live Stage Performances
Authors: McCarthy John F. (Jack) , Carr Sandra Deacon
Published: June 2015

Leaders today require critical thinking skills and full awareness of the complexities of social and cultural interaction. These may be best taught through the liberal arts. This article examines the use of live dramatic stage performances for teaching and learning contemporary management and leadership lessons, highlighting the value of collaborating across traditional university boundaries through the use of the arts within the management curriculum. We describe the successful working relationships and our effective implementation model with cross‐campus colleagues and students in the theater department to integrate live stage plays into our core management and leadership coursework. Students and faculty from both domains have found the activity to be engaging, provocative, relevant, and valuable. A key finding from this work has been how malleable, smooth, and straightforward the process has been to successfully—and powerfully—integrate the arts and humanities directly into management education and leadership development.
Arts and Leadership: Vision and Practice at the IEDC‐Bled School of Management
Authors: Purg Danica , Walravens Arnold
Published: June 2015

In 2012 the Association of MBAs (AMBA) nominated IEDC‐Bled School of Management as one of the four most innovative MBA programs from the more than 700 schools accredited by the association. This recognition stems from IEDC’s history of being a disruptive innovator and the entrepreneurial drive of the school, its founder Professor Danica Purg, and many other collaborators from around the world. One shining emblem of this is the school's groundbreaking work in the use of the arts in business education. The nod from AMBA was a recognition of the integration of the arts within IEDC’s management and leadership development programs. From its inception IEDC has incorporated cultural, artistic, and esthetic activities in its degrees and other programs. Over the last decade this has become a core activity across most programs. The development stems from IEDC’s belief that education dominated by functional knowledge alone cannot prepare contemporary leaders for the challenges they face in an increasingly complex world. The belief is lived every day at IEDC. Described as “a creative environment for creative leadership,” its faculty boasts not just finance, accounting, and marketing, but professionals from the arts, social sciences, and humanities. Its architecture is designed to inspire, and the large collection of original art that adorns its campus deepens students’ thinking and reflection.
Leading to Learn
Authors: Taylor Steven S.
Published: June 2015

“You don't see to draw, you draw to see.” And then Fred said, “It's just the same for leadership, you don't learn to lead, you lead to learn.” The arts can teach us to stay with our senses and not know and in that way to provide a balance to the dominance of the analytic approaches to our organizational worlds. There is an old saying that you can only manage what you can measure. The arts can help us to work with what we cannot measure and the way to do that is by leading to learn. The current article explores the qualitatively different way in which the arts teach us to apprehend the world and how that is central to leadership.
Purification of vandaterosides from Vanda teres (Orchidaceae) by stepwise gradient centrifugal partition chromatography
Authors: Cakova Veronika , Urbain Aurélie , Le Quéméner Céline , Audo Grégoire , Bonté Frédéric , Lobstein Annelise
Published: June 2015

Vandaterosides are polar glucosyloxybenzyl eucomate derivatives found in Vanda teres (Orchidaceae), which display biological activities that slow the skin ageing process. In order to obtain larger quantities to allow us to go further in the bioassays, the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts (leaves and stems) of V. teres were fractionated by centrifugal partition chromatography, combining isocratic, gradient, and dual elution modes. The first fractionation was performed on the extract maintained in the stationary phase as water saturated in butanol, while increasing the polarity of the mobile phase by changing the proportions of ethyl acetate/1‐butanol/water, in order to obtain two enriched fractions. Vandateroside I was then purified by isocratic mode with ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (46:14:40), while vandateroside II was obtained by combining isocratic elution with ethyl acetate/isopropanol/water (30:20:50) followed by a multiple dual mode with ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (46:14:40). In this manner, hundreds of milligrams of vandateroside I and II were recovered from 10 g of V. teres extract.
Optimizing the relationship between chromatographic efficiency and retention times in temperature‐programmed gas chromatography
Authors: Mjøs Svein A. , Waktola Habtewold D.
Published: June 2015

A methodology that can maximise the chromatographic efficiency that can be achieved within a defined time frame in temperature‐programmed gas chromatography is described. The efficiency can be defined as the inverse of peak widths measured in retention index units. This parameter can be described by a model similar to the van Deemter equation, which is expanded to account for the effect of the temperature rate in addition to the effect of carrier gas velocity. The model of efficiency is found by response surface methodology, where the temperature rates and the carrier gas velocities are systematically varied in the experiments. A second model that accurately explains the retention time of the last eluting compound can be found from the same experiments, and optimal conditions are found by combining the two models. The methodology has been evaluated with four capillary columns and three carrier gases, using fatty acid methyl esters as analytes. All experiments showed that there is a fairly linear decrease in efficiency with increasing temperature rates. At any temperature rate, optimal velocity is only marginally higher than the velocity that maximises chromatographic efficiency, since the carrier gas velocity has a limited effect on the retention times.
MicroRNAs expression in normal and malignant colon tissues as biomarkers of colorectal cancer and in response to pomegranate extracts consumption: Critical issues to discern between modulatory effects and potential artefacts
Authors: Nuñez‐Sánchez María A. , Dávalos Alberto , González‐Sarrías Antonio , Casas‐Agustench Patricia , Visioli Francesco , Monedero‐Saiz Tamara , García‐Talavera Noelia V. , Gómez‐Sánchez María B. , Sánchez‐Álvarez Carmen , García‐Albert Ana M. , Rodríguez‐Gil Francisco J. , Ruiz‐Marín Miguel , Pastor‐Quirante Francisco A. , Martínez‐Díaz Francisco , Tomás‐Barberán Francisco A. , García‐Conesa María Teresa , Espín Juan Carlos
Published: June 2015

Scope

MicroRNAs (miRs) are proposed as colorectal cancer (CRC) biomarkers. Pomegranate ellagic acid and their microbiota metabolites urolithins exert anticancer effects in preclinical CRC models, and target normal and malignant colon tissues in CRC patients. Herein, we investigated whether the intake of pomegranate extract (PE) modified miRs expression in surgical colon tissues versus biopsies from CRC patients.

Methods and results

We conducted a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial. Thirty‐five CRC patients consumed 900 mg PE daily before surgery. Control CRC patients (no PE intake, n = 10) were included. Our results revealed: (1) significant differences for specific miRs between malignant and normal tissues modifiable by the surgical protocols; (2) opposed trends between ‐5p and ‐3p isomolecules; (3) general induction of miRs attributable to the surgery; (4) moderate modulation of various miRs following the PE intake, and (5) no association between tissue urolithins and the observed miRs changes.

Conclusion

PE consumption appears to affect specific colon tissue miRs but surgery critically alters miRs levels hindering the discrimination of significant changes caused by dietary factors and the establishment of genuine differences between malignant and normal tissues as biomarkers. The components responsible for the PE effects and the clinical relevance of these observations deserve further research.
Reorthogonalization‐based stiffness preconditioning in FETI algorithms with applications to variational inequalities
Authors: Dostál Z. , Kozubek T. , Vlach O. , Brzobohatý T.
Published: June 2015

A cheap symmetric stiffness‐based preconditioning of the Hessian of the dual problem arising from the application of the finite element tearing and interconnecting domain decomposition to the solution of variational inequalities with varying coefficients is proposed. The preconditioning preserves the structure of the inequality constraints and affects both the linear and nonlinear steps, so that it can improve the rate of convergence of the algorithms that exploit the conjugate gradient steps or the gradient projection steps. The bounds on the regular condition number of the Hessian of the preconditioned problem, which are independent of the coefficients, are given. The related stiffness scaling is also considered and analysed. The improvement is demonstrated by numerical experiments including the solution of a contact problem with variationally consistent discretization of the non‐penetration conditions. The results are relevant also for linear problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MEETING THE HEALTH CARE NEEDS OF STUDENTS WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES IN THE SCHOOL SETTING: COLLABORATION BETWEEN SCHOOL NURSES AND SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS
Authors: Pufpaff Lisa A. , Mcintosh Constance E. , Thomas Cynthia , Elam Megan , Irwin Mary Kay
Published: June 2015

The number of students with special healthcare needs (SHCN) and severe disabilities in public schools in the United States has steadily increased in recent years, largely due to the changing landscape of public health relative to advances in medicine and medical technology. The specialized care required for these students often necessitates complex coordination amonga large number of medical and educational service providers. While collaboration is critical in promoting appropriate academic progress for these students, school nurse reductions coupled with minimal teacher training in healthcare procedures leads to role confusion as school personnel attempt to meet the increasing demands of students with SHCN. Thus, this study examined the collaboration between the two most critical members of the team: the school nurse and the special education teacher. A 45‐item survey on this collaborative partnership was completed by 76 school nurses working in public school settings. Results were consistent with existing literature, suggesting there are noteworthy aspects of the partnership between school nurses and special education teachers that are described as positive by school nurses; however, there are also many barriers that persist, resulting in fractured care for students with severe disabilities and SHCN. Recommendations for future collaboration and research are provided.
Environmental behavior and analysis of agricultural sulfur
Authors: Griffith Corey M , Woodrow James E , Seiber James N
Published: June 2015

Sulfur has been widely used for centuries as a staple for pest and disease management in agriculture. Presently, it is the largest‐volume pesticide in use worldwide. This review describes the sources and recovery methods for sulfur, its allotropic forms and properties and its agricultural uses, including development and potential advantages of nanosulfur as a fungicide. Chemical and microbial reactivity, interactions in soil and water and analytical methods for determination in environmental samples and foodstuffs, including inexpensive analytical methods for sulfur residues in wine, beer and other food/beverage substrates, will be reviewed. The toxicology of sulfur towards humans and agriculturally important fungi is included, with some restrictions on use to promote safety. The review concludes with areas for which more research is warranted. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Semipolar (112) InGaN light‐emitting diodes grown on chemically–mechanically polished GaN templates
Authors: Dinh Duc V. , Akhter Mahbub , Presa Silvino , Kozlowski Grzegorz , O'Mahony Donagh , Maaskant Pleun P. , Brunner Frank , Caliebe Marian , Weyers Markus , Scholz Ferdinand , Corbett Brian , Parbrook Peter J.
Published: June 2015

Abstractauthoren InGaN multiple quantum well light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on chemically–mechanically polished (112) GaN templates (up to 100 mm diameter wafers) by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. Initial GaN overgrowth on the polished templates in nitrogen ambient maintained the polished surface. The peak emission wavelength of the LEDs varied from 445 to 550 nm. In contrast to the simultaneously grown LEDs on as‐grown templates, the LEDs on polished templates have very smooth surface morphology, uniform luminescence, and higher output power.

Fluorescence images of 445 nm LEDs grown on (a) as‐grown and (b) polished (112) GaN templates.
Reduced‐port robotic anterior resection for left‐sided colon cancer using the Da Vinci single‐site® platform
Authors: Bae Sung Uk , Jeong Woon Kyung , Bae Ok Suk , Baek Seong Kyu
Published: June 2015

Background

Single‐Site® port plus one conventional robotic port, a reduced‐port robotic surgery (RPRS) for left‐sided colorectal cancer, can enable lymphovascular dissection using the Endowrist® function; this allows safe rectal transection through an additional port and maintains the cosmetic advantage of single‐incision laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

Between August 2014 and December 2014, the study group included 11 patients who underwent a RPRS for left‐sided colon cancer.

Results

There was one (9.1%) case of descending colon cancer, six (54.5%) cases of sigmoid colon cancer, and four (36.4%) cases of rectosigmoid colon cancer. The mean total operation time and docking time were 289±77 and 17±7 min. The mean times to soft diet and possible length of stay were 5.6±0.8 and 7.4±0.7 days. The mean total number of lymph nodes harvested was 18.7±7.9. The mean proximal and distal resection margins were 7.8±4.7 and 4.7±2.4 cm.

Conclusions

Reduced‐port robotic surgery for left‐sided colon cancer using the Single‐Site® system appears to be feasible and safe using the new robotic single‐access platform. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning by hiring and change to organizational knowledge: Countering obsolescence as organizations age
Authors: Jain Amit
Published: June 2015

Research summary: This paper investigates the relationship between hiring and the ability of organizations to evolve their capabilities as they age. While prior research establishes that organizations become rigid to change as they age, it underemphasizes measures that they may take to renew their adaptive potential. I address this gap by investigating whether hiring stimulates change to the knowledge organizations possess. Learning by hiring, I argue, helps organizations to evolve their knowledge as they age by disrupting routine, introducing distant knowledge, and facilitating socialization. I test the effectiveness of these mechanisms using 38 years (1970–2007) of data from the U.S. biotechnology industry, and find that hiring stimulates more change as organizations age, enabling them to renew their knowledge and counter the effects of obsolescence.

Managerial summary: As organizations age, they become less responsive to the needs of their environment, resulting in a trend for them to become technologically obsolete. Little is known as to how they may reverse this trend and counter obsolescence. I provide evidence that hiring may be used to stimulate change to organizational knowledge and capabilities as they age by disrupting routine activity, introducing new‐to‐the‐firm knowledge, and inducing incumbent members to learn. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversing course: Competing technologies, mistakes, and renewal in flat panel displays
Authors: Eggers J. P.
Published: June 2015

Research summary: The study explores renewal in a novel but understudied context—an era of ferment with competing technological options. It focuses on IBM's transition from market leadership in a failed path (plasma) to leadership in the emerging dominant technology (LCD) in the 1980s. Interviews and internal documents offer two primary factors explaining renewal at IBM. First, IBM Research had a hybrid structure that captured the benefits of both centralized and decentralized R&D. Second, middle managers shaped senior management cognitive frames to focus on business‐related issues instead of specific technical issues, thus bypassing biases often resulting from failure. The study offers an integrated framework on what facilitates flexibility at the technology, organization, and decision‐making levels. This flexibility helps firms survive a turbulent era of ferment.

Managerial summary: Firms facing technological uncertainty may need to recover from unlucky bets. But responding to failure is politically and organizationally difficult. This study explores how IBM recovered from its failed bet on plasma displays to lead the LCD display market. This study identifies six key factors, highlighting two. First, IBM's researchers received centralized funding, but could also receive funding directly from division managers. This structure helped preserve options and variety. Second, internal LCD champions focused on the business case for displays and not technology. This fostered technology agnosticism and helped avoid managerial biases from failure. For managers looking to use real options to maintain flexibility in an uncertain environment, this study offers clear suggestions related to design and decision making that can foster flexibility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence of solutions to a two-dimensional model for nonisothermal two-phase flows of incompressible fluids
Authors: Eleuteri Michela , Rocca Elisabetta , Schimperna Giulio
Published: June 2015

We consider a thermodynamically consistent diffuse interface model describing two-phase flows of incompressible fluids in a non-isothermal setting. The model was recently introduced in [11] where existence of weak solutions was proved in three space dimensions. Here, we aim to study the properties of solutions in the two-dimensional case. In particular, we can show existence of global in time solutions satisfying a stronger formulation of the model with respect to the one considered in [11].
Experiences engaging community health workers to provide maternal and newborn health services: Implementation of four programs
Authors: Haver Jaime , Brieger William , Zoungrana Jérémie , Ansari Nasratullah , Kagoma Jean
Published: June 2015

A paucity of skilled health providers is a considerable impediment to reducing maternal, infant, and under‐five mortality for many low‐resource countries. Although evidence supports the effectiveness of community health workers (CHWs) in delivering primary healthcare services, shifting tasks to this cadre from providers with advanced training has been pursued with overall caution—both because of difficulties determining an appropriate package of CHW services and to avoid overburdening the cadre. We reviewed programs in Rwanda, Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Nepal where tasks in delivery of health promotion information and distribution of commodities were transitioned to CHWs to reach underserved populations. The community‐based interventions were complementary to facility‐based interventions as part of a comprehensive approach to increase access to basic health services. Drawing on these experiences, we illuminate commonalities, lessons learned, and factors contributing to the programs’ implementation strategies to help inform practical application in other settings.
Cumulative oxytocin dose during induction of labor according to maternal body mass index
Authors: Roloff Kristina , Peng Sheppard , Sanchez‐Ramos Luis , Valenzuela Guillermo J.
Published: June 2015

Objective

To determine the cumulative oxytocin dose needed to achieve vaginal delivery among obese and non‐obese women.

Methods

A retrospective study was undertaken of women with singleton, term (≥ 37 weeks) pregnancies who delivered at an institution in California, USA, between May 1 and July 31, 2012. Women were deemed to be obese when their body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) was 30 or above. Cumulative oxytocin doses were calculated for women who achieved vaginal delivery.

Results

Overall, 413 women were included. Among 357 women for whom BMI data were available, 204 (57.1%) were obese. Vaginal delivery was achieved in 379 women. Among women who received augmentation after spontaneous labor onset, obese women trended towards more cumulative oxytocin (minimum: 24.7 ± 100.5 mU among women with a BMI of 18.50–24.99; maximum: 1580.5 ± 2530.5 mU among women with a BMI of 35.00–39.99; P = 0.086). Women who underwent induction of labor required significantly more oxytocin with increasing BMI class (P < 0.001), despite no difference in length of labor.

Conclusion

Obese women required a larger cumulative oxytocin dose to achieve vaginal birth during labor induction, but not during augmentation of labor. The physiology of spontaneous labor could supersede or influence the metabolic derangement facing obese patients undergoing induction of labor.