bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXTENSION OF RCC TOPOLOGICAL RELATIONS FOR 3D COMPLEX OBJECTS COMPONENTS EXTRACTED FROM 3D LIDAR POINT CLOUDS
Authors: Xing Xu-Feng , Mostafavia Mir Abolfazl , Wang Chen
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Topological relations are fundamental for qualitative description, querying and analysis of a 3D scene. Although topological relations for 2D objects have been extensively studied and implemented in GIS applications, their direct extension to 3D is very challenging and they cannot be directly applied to represent relations between components of complex 3D objects represented by 3D B-Rep models in R3. Herein we present an extended Region Connection Calculus (RCC) model to express and formalize topological relations between planar regions for creating 3D model represented by Boundary Representation model in R3. We proposed a new dimension extended 9-Intersection model to represent the basic relations among components of a complex object, including disjoint, meet and intersect. The last element in 3*3 matrix records the details of connection through the common parts of two regions and the intersecting line of two planes. Additionally, this model can deal with the case of planar regions with holes. Finally, the geometric information is transformed into a list of strings consisting of topological relations between two planar regions and detailed connection information. The experiments show that the proposed approach helps to identify topological relations of planar segments of point cloud automatically.
POSE ESTIMATION AND MAPPING USING CATADIOPTRIC CAMERAS WITH SPHERICAL MIRRORS
Authors: Ilizirov Grigory , Filin Sagi
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Catadioptric cameras have the advantage of broadening the field of view and revealing otherwise occluded object parts. However, they differ geometrically from standard central perspective cameras because of light reflection from the mirror surface which alters the collinearity relation and introduces severe non-linear distortions of the imaged scene. Accommodating for these features, we present in this paper a novel modeling for pose estimation and reconstruction while imaging through spherical mirrors. We derive a closed-form equivalent to the collinearity principle via which we estimate the system’s parameters. Our model yields a resection-like solution which can be developed into a linear one. We show that accurate estimates can be derived with only a small set of control points. Analysis shows that control configuration in the orientation scheme is rather flexible and that high levels of accuracy can be reached in both pose estimation and mapping. Clearly, the ability to model objects which fall outside of the immediate camera field-of-view offers an appealing means to supplement 3-D reconstruction and modeling.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF CLOUDS AND SHADOWS USING HIGH RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGE TIME SERIES
Authors: Champion Nicolas
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Detecting clouds and their shadows is one of the primaries steps to perform when processing satellite images because they may alter the quality of some products such as large-area orthomosaics. The main goal of this paper is to present the automatic method developed at IGN-France for detecting clouds and shadows in a sequence of satellite images. In our work, surface reflectance orthoimages are used. They were processed from initial satellite images using a dedicated software. The cloud detection step consists of a region-growing algorithm. Seeds are firstly extracted. For that purpose and for each input ortho-image to process, we select the other ortho-images of the sequence that intersect it. The pixels of the input ortho-image are secondly labelled seeds if the difference of reflectance (in the blue channel) with overlapping ortho-images is bigger than a given threshold. Clouds are eventually delineated using a region-growing method based on a radiometric and homogeneity criterion. Regarding the shadow detection, our method is based on the idea that a shadow pixel is darker when comparing to the other images of the time series. The detection is basically composed of three steps. Firstly, we compute a synthetic ortho-image covering the whole study area. Its pixels have a value corresponding to the median value of all input reflectance ortho-images intersecting at that pixel location. Secondly, for each input ortho-image, a pixel is labelled shadows if the difference of reflectance (in the NIR channel) with the synthetic ortho-image is below a given threshold. Eventually, an optional region-growing step may be used to refine the results. Note that pixels labelled clouds during the cloud detection are not used for computing the median value in the first step; additionally, the NIR input data channel is used to perform the shadow detection, because it appeared to better discriminate shadow pixels. The method was tested on times series of Landsat 8 and Pléiades-HR images and our first experiments show the feasibility to automate the detection of shadows and clouds in satellite image sequences.
STEREO RECONSTRUCTION OF ATMOSPHERIC CLOUD SURFACES FROM FISH-EYE CAMERA IMAGES
Authors: Katai-Urban G. , Otte V. , Kees N. , Megyesi Z. , Bixel P. S.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In this article a method for reconstructing atmospheric cloud surfaces using a stereo camera system is presented. The proposed camera system utilizes fish-eye lenses in a flexible wide baseline camera setup. The entire workflow from the camera calibration to the creation of the 3D point set is discussed, but the focus is mainly on cloud segmentation and on the image processing steps of stereo reconstruction. Speed requirements, geometric limitations, and possible extensions of the presented method are also covered. After evaluating the proposed method on artificial cloud images, this paper concludes with results and discussion of possible applications for such systems.
ENHANCEMENT STRATEGIES FOR FRAME-TO-FRAME UAS STEREO VISUAL ODOMETRY
Authors: Kersten J. , Rodehorst V.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Autonomous navigation of indoor unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) requires accurate pose estimations usually obtained from indirect measurements. Navigation based on inertial measurement units (IMU) is known to be affected by high drift rates. The incorporation of cameras provides complementary information due to the different underlying measurement principle. The scale ambiguity problem for monocular cameras is avoided when a light-weight stereo camera setup is used. However, also frame-to-frame stereo visual odometry (VO) approaches are known to accumulate pose estimation errors over time. Several valuable real-time capable techniques for outlier detection and drift reduction in frame-to-frame VO, for example robust relative orientation estimation using random sample consensus (RANSAC) and bundle adjustment, are available. This study addresses the problem of choosing appropriate VO components. We propose a frame-to-frame stereo VO method based on carefully selected components and parameters. This method is evaluated regarding the impact and value of different outlier detection and drift-reduction strategies, for example keyframe selection and sparse bundle adjustment (SBA), using reference benchmark data as well as own real stereo data. The experimental results demonstrate that our VO method is able to estimate quite accurate trajectories. Feature bucketing and keyframe selection are simple but effective strategies which further improve the VO results. Furthermore, introducing the stereo baseline constraint in pose graph optimization (PGO) leads to significant improvements.
ANALYSIS OF THE SEGMENTED FEATURES OF INDICATOR OF MINE PRESENCE
Authors: Krtalic A.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The aim of this research is to investigate possibility for interactive semi-automatic interpretation of digital images in humanitarian demining for the purpose of detection and extraction of (strong) indicators of mine presence which can be seen on the images, according to the parameters of the general geometric shapes rather than radiometric characteristics. For that purpose, objects are created by segmentation. The segments represent the observed indicator and the objects that surround them (for analysis of the degree of discrimination of objects from the environment) in the best possible way. These indicators cover a certain characteristic surface. These areas are determined by segmenting the digital image. Sets of pixels that form such surface on images have specific geometric features. In this way, it is provided to analyze the features of the segments on the basis of the object, rather than the pixel level. Factor analysis of geometric parameters of this segments is performed in order to identify parameters that can be distinguished from the other parameters according to their geometric features. Factor analysis was carried out in two different ways, according to the characteristics of the general geometric shape and to the type of strong indicators of mine presence. The continuation of this research is the implementation of the automatic extraction of indicators of mine presence according results presented in this paper.
INFLUENCE OF GSD FOR 3D CITY MODELING AND VISUALIZATION FROM AERIAL IMAGERY
Authors: Alrajhi Muhamad , Alam Zafare , Khan Mohammad Afroz , Alobeid Abdalla
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (MOMRA), aims to establish solid infrastructure required for 3D city modelling, for decision making to set a mark in urban development. MOMRA is responsible for the large scale mapping 1:1,000; 1:2,500; 1:10,000 and 1:20,000 scales for 10cm, 20cm and 40 GSD with Aerial Triangulation data. As 3D city models are increasingly used for the presentation exploration, and evaluation of urban and architectural designs. Visualization capabilities and animations support of upcoming 3D geo-information technologies empower architects, urban planners, and authorities to visualize and analyze urban and architectural designs in the context of the existing situation. To make use of this possibility, first of all 3D city model has to be created for which MOMRA uses the Aerial Triangulation data and aerial imagery. The main concise for 3D city modelling in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia exists due to uneven surface and undulations. Thus real time 3D visualization and interactive exploration support planning processes by providing multiple stakeholders such as decision maker, architects, urban planners, authorities, citizens or investors with a three – dimensional model. Apart from advanced visualization, these 3D city models can be helpful for dealing with natural hazards and provide various possibilities to deal with exotic conditions by better and advanced viewing technological infrastructure. Riyadh on one side is 5700m above sea level and on the other hand Abha city is 2300m, this uneven terrain represents a drastic change of surface in the Kingdom, for which 3D city models provide valuable solutions with all possible opportunities. In this research paper: influence of different GSD (Ground Sample Distance) aerial imagery with Aerial Triangulation is used for 3D visualization in different region of the Kingdom, to check which scale is more sophisticated for obtaining better results and is cost manageable, with GSD (7.5cm, 10cm, 20cm and 40cm). The comparison test is carried out in Bentley environment to check the best possible results obtained through operating different batch processes.
QUALITY ANALYSIS OF 3D SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION USING MULTI-PLATFORM PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Lari Z. , El-Sheimy N.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In recent years, the necessity of accurate 3D surface reconstruction has been more pronounced for a wide range of mapping, modelling, and monitoring applications. The 3D data for satisfying the needs of these applications can be collected using different digital imaging systems. Among them, photogrammetric systems have recently received considerable attention due to significant improvements in digital imaging sensors, emergence of new mapping platforms, and development of innovative data processing techniques. To date, a variety of techniques haven been proposed for 3D surface reconstruction using imagery collected by multi-platform photogrammetric systems. However, these approaches suffer from the lack of a well-established quality control procedure which evaluates the quality of reconstructed 3D surfaces independent of the utilized reconstruction technique. Hence, this paper aims to introduce a new quality assessment platform for the evaluation of the 3D surface reconstruction using photogrammetric data. This quality control procedure is performed while considering the quality of input data, processing procedures, and photo-realistic 3D surface modelling. The feasibility of the proposed quality control procedure is finally verified by quality assessment of the 3D surface reconstruction using images from different photogrammetric systems.
RAY-BASED DETECTION OF OPENINGS IN URBAN AREAS USING MOBILE LIDAR DATA
Authors: Colleu T. , Benitez S.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The detection of openings like windows or doors is of great interest in the field of urban modeling. Mobile LIDAR data provides valuable 3D information for that purpose. There are generally two main problems: The estimation of wall’s surface, and the distinction between opening areas and occluded areas. Indeed, openings may be visible or occluded with regard to the sensor. The method presented in this paper focuses on the detection of visible openings using intersections between laser rays and walls. In particular, it shows that detection of visible openings can be reduced to a single distance threshold once the surface of the wall is computed. Thus all the complexity is actually in the estimation of the wall’s surface. The opening contours are then obtained by clustering the visible opening points and fitting them with rectangles. The main advantage of ray-based detection is its robustness to occlusions. This method requires the LIDAR sensor positions and angles for every laser point. Results are evaluated quantitatively on two datasets with ground truth. Qualitative results on larger datasets are also given. The results show good precision. The recall (or completeness) depends on the number of occluded openings.
INLINING 3D RECONSTRUCTION, MULTI-SOURCE TEXTURE MAPPING AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS USING OBLIQUE AERIAL IMAGERY
Authors: Frommholz D. , Linkiewicz M. , Poznanska A. M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper proposes an in-line method for the simplified reconstruction of city buildings from nadir and oblique aerial images that at the same time are being used for multi-source texture mapping with minimal resampling. Further, the resulting unrectified texture atlases are analyzed for fac¸ade elements like windows to be reintegrated into the original 3D models. Tests on real-world data of Heligoland/ Germany comprising more than 800 buildings exposed a median positional deviation of 0.31 m at the fac¸ades compared to the cadastral map, a correctness of 67% for the detected windows and good visual quality when being rendered with GPU-based perspective correction. As part of the process building reconstruction takes the oriented input images and transforms them into dense point clouds by semi-global matching (SGM). The point sets undergo local RANSAC-based regression and topology analysis to detect adjacent planar surfaces and determine their semantics. Based on this information the roof, wall and ground surfaces found get intersected and limited in their extension to form a closed 3D building hull. For texture mapping the hull polygons are projected into each possible input bitmap to find suitable color sources regarding the coverage and resolution. Occlusions are detected by ray-casting a full-scale digital surface model (DSM) of the scene and stored in pixel-precise visibility maps. These maps are used to derive overlap statistics and radiometric adjustment coefficients to be applied when the visible image parts for each building polygon are being copied into a compact texture atlas without resampling whenever possible. The atlas bitmap is passed to a commercial object-based image analysis (OBIA) tool running a custom rule set to identify windows on the contained fac¸ade patches. Following multi-resolution segmentation and classification based on brightness and contrast differences potential window objects are evaluated against geometric constraints and conditionally grown, fused and filtered morphologically. The output polygons are vectorized and reintegrated into the previously reconstructed buildings by sparsely ray-tracing their vertices. Finally the enhanced 3D models get stored as textured geometry for visualization and semantically annotated ”LOD-2.5” CityGML objects for GIS applications.
AUTOMATIC BUILDING EXTRACTION AND ROOF RECONSTRUCTION IN 3K IMAGERY BASED ON LINE SEGMENTS
Authors: Köhn A. , Tian J. , Kurz F.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. We propose an image processing workflow to extract rectangular building footprints using georeferenced stereo-imagery and a derivative digital surface model (DSM) product. The approach applies a line segment detection procedure to the imagery and subsequently verifies identified line segments individually to create a footprint on the basis of the DSM. The footprint is further optimized by morphological filtering. Towards the realization of 3D models, we decompose the produced footprint and generate a 3D point cloud from DSM height information. By utilizing the robust RANSAC plane fitting algorithm, the roof structure can be correctly reconstructed. In an experimental part, the proposed approach has been performed on 3K aerial imagery.
A NEW OPTIMIZED RFM OF HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY
Authors: Li C. , Liu X. J. , Deng T.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Over-parameterization and over-correction are two of the major problems in the rational function model (RFM). A new approach of optimized RFM (ORFM) is proposed in this paper. By synthesizing stepwise selection, orthogonal distance regression, and residual systematic error correction model, the proposed ORFM can solve the ill-posed problem and over-correction problem caused by constant term. The least square, orthogonal distance, and the ORFM are evaluated with control and check grids generated from satellite observation Terre (SPOT-5) high-resolution satellite data. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed ORFM, with 37 essential RFM parameters, is more accurate than the other two methods, which contain 78 parameters, in cross-track and along-track plane. Moreover, the over-parameterization and over-correction problems have been efficiently alleviated by the proposed ORFM, so the stability of the estimated RFM parameters and its accuracy have been significantly improved.
Informing Instruction of Students with Autism in Public School Settings
Authors: Kuo Nai-Cheng
Published: June 2016

The number of applied behavior analysis (ABA) classrooms for students with autism is increasing in K-12 public schools. To inform instruction of students with autism in public school settings, this study examined the relation between performance on mastery learning assessments and standardized achievement tests for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in an applied behavior analysis (ABA) classroom. The measures included ABLLS-R, DIBELS-R, and DIBELS-M. Results of the study indicate that all students acquired new skills across domains and met their IEP goals measured by the mastery learning assessment, but they scored low on reading and math for their grade level according to standardized achievement tests. Suggestions for prompting good autism practice in public school settings are discussed.
Risk Management and Regulatory Failure in the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria: Reflections on the Impact of Environmental Degradation in the Niger Delta Region
Authors: Agbonifo Philip Ejoor
Published: June 2016

Risk management practice and effective policy intervention are critical to achieve stable environment and sustainable development. They are mechanisms for environmental management, environmental sustainability and sustainable community development for the people of the Niger Delta region. Informed by intuitive insights on the large scale of degradation in the Niger Delta, theoretical analysis of extant literature and content analysis of field interview/observation, this paper identified poor environmental risk management and regulatory failure as the bane of environmental degradation in the Niger Delta region. Why has regulatory agencies failed to protect communities against the impacts of environmental degradation and other consequences of oil and gas exploration activities? While there are enough legal and regulatory frameworks, however, weak enforcement and poor implementation of the existing regulations provides fertile ground for environmental degradation to persist. Thus, this article analyses some of the salient environmental issues as well as the regulatory and risk management failures in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria. It concludes that failure to carry out effective regulations and oversight in the oil and gas industry have resulted in environmental degradation (oil spills and gas flaring), contamination of water for fishing and farming activities, dispossession of rural farmers from their means of livelihood, poverty, migration and food shortages in the Niger Delta.
Private toezichthouders als radertjes in wiens machine: die van de overheid of van bedrijven?
Authors: van der Voort H.G.
Published: June 2016

Private toezichthouders als radertjes in wiens machine: die van de overheid of van bedrijven? De casus van zelfregulering in de uitzendbranche

Overheden accepteren vaak private, helpende handen voor toezichtstaken, zoals normstelling, informatieverzameling en handhaving. Publieke toezichthouders ontmoeten in een dergelijk geval hun private collega’s. Voorbeelden van deze collega’s zijn zelfregulerende brancheorganisaties, die op hun beurt toezichtstaken hebben. Zij zijn te zien als de facto private toezichthouders tussen publieke toezichthouders en bedrijven. Hoe is de rol van private toezichthouders te typeren? In een uitgebreide casusbeschrijving over vervangende zelfregulering in de uitzendbranche exploreert de auteur de rol van private toezichthouders tussen overheid en de bedrijven waarop zij toezicht houden in. Zijn zij heel afhankelijk van de overheid, een radertje in haar machine? Of juist een radertje in de machine van de bedrijven die de schone schijn willen ophouden voor de overheid? De casus laat zien dat private toezichthouders niemands radertje zijn, maar beter te zien zijn als zelfstandige module die een ingewikkeld systeem van publieke en private regels gaande houdt. De casus is inspirerend voor de wetgever, want deze heeft de branche zelf de prikkels gegeven om zich op de huidige wijze te reguleren en daarmee de private toezichthouders de huidige rol gegeven. De bijdrage sluit af met een uiteenzetting van deze prikkels en de verklaring van hun werking.
Eerste Kamer en wetgeving
Authors: van Lochem P.J.P.M.
Published: June 2016

Eerste Kamer en wetgeving. Een boodschap aan de staatscommissie

De positie van de Eerste Kamer heeft al vaak onder druk gestaan. Gelet daarop is het een wonder te noemen dat wij nog altijd een senaat hebben. Dit is te danken aan een voortdurende aanpassing van zijn functie, een strategie van terughoudendheid en een zware procedure van grondwetwijziging. In meer positieve zin is de huidige acceptatie ook te danken aan het meer en meer optreden als toetsende instantie van het wetgevingsproces en de wetgevingskwaliteit. Aan de hand van twee recente voorbeelden, het wetsvoorstel Elektriciteits- en gaswet en een wijziging van de Mediawet, beziet de auteur of deze positionering terecht is. Vanuit de Kamer zelf is kritiek geuit op het staatsrechtelijke gehalte van het optreden van de Kamer bij de behandeling van die voorstellen. De auteur is van mening dat het veel meer perspectief biedt als de aangekondigde staatscommissie aandacht besteedt aan de feitelijk bijdrage die de Senaat kan leveren aan de kwaliteit van onze wetgeving, zijnde dé functie van de Senaat, dan herhaalde aandacht voor zijn staatsrechtelijke positie, waarvoor de argumenten al vele malen gewisseld zijn.
Multifaceted Therapeutic Benefits of Factors Derived From Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Mouse Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Hirata Marina , Ishigami Masatoshi , Matsushita Yoshihiro , Ito Takanori , Hattori Hisashi , Hibi Hideharu , Goto Hidemi , Ueda Minoru , Yamamoto Akihito
Published: June 2016

Chronic liver injury from various causes often results in liver fibrosis (LF). Although the liver possesses endogenous tissue-repairing activities, these can be overcome by sustained inflammation and excessive fibrotic scar formation. Advanced LF leads to irreversible cirrhosis and subsequent liver failure and/or hepatic cancer. Here, using the mouse carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced LF model, we showed that a single intravenous administration of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) or of SHED-derived serum-free conditioned medium (SHED-CM) resulted in fibrotic scar resolution. SHED-CM suppressed the gene expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS, and eliminated activated hepatic stellate cells by inducing their apoptosis, but protected parenchymal hepatocytes from undergoing apoptosis. In addition, SHED-CM induced tissue-repairing macrophages that expressed high levels of the profibrinolytic factor, matrix metalloproteinase 13. Furthermore, SHED-CM suppressed the CCl4-induced apoptosis of primary cultured hepatocytes. SHED-CM contained a high level of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Notably, HGF-depleted SHED-CM (dHGF-CM) did not suppress the proinflammatory response or resolve fibrotic scarring. Furthermore, SHED-CM, but not dHGF-CM, inhibited CCl4-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. These results suggest that HGF plays a central role in the SHED-CM-mediated resolution of LF. Taken together, our findings suggest that SHED-CM provides multifaceted therapeutic benefits for the treatment of LF.

Significance

This study demonstrated that a single intravenous administration of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) or of the serum-free conditioned medium (CM) derived from SHEDs markedly improved mouse liver fibrosis (LF). SHED-CM suppressed chronic inflammation, eliminated activated hepatic stellate cells by inducing their apoptosis, protected hepatocytes from undergoing apoptosis, and induced differentiation of tissue-repairing macrophages expressing high levels of the profibrinolytic factor matrix metalloproteinase 13. Furthermore, hepatocyte growth factor played a central role in the SHED-CM-mediated resolution of LF. This is the first report demonstrating the multifaceted therapeutic benefits of secreted factors derived from SHEDs for LF.
Risques et impacts associés à l’exploration et à l’exploitation des hydrocarbures dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent
Authors: Archambault Sylvain , Toussaint Jean-Patrick
Published: June 2016

Le golfe du Saint-Laurent ne fait présentement l’objet d’aucune exploitation pétrolière et gazière en mer, ni même d’exploration active, mais cette situation pourrait changer au cours des prochaines années. Toutefois, contrairement à l’exploitation pétrolière qui se pratique sur les Grands Bancs, au large de Terre-Neuve, les conséquences de tout incident dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent pourraient être amplifiées par les caractéristiques particulières de celui-ci, qu’elles soient physiographiques, océanographiques, climatiques, biologiques ou autres. Bien que le golfe ait été étudié sous plusieurs angles, il y a encore de grandes lacunes de connaissances, notamment sur le mode de dispersion des hydrocarbures en cas de déversement dans le golfe, sur les techniques de récupération de pétrole en présence de glaces ou sur la caractérisation de la microflore du golfe quant à sa capacité de dégradation des hydrocarbures en eaux froides. Dans cet article, nous dressons donc un portrait sommaire des principaux risques et impacts qui pourraient être associés à l’arrivée de l’industrie pétrolière dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent, un écosystème bordé par 5 provinces côtières.
Les macroalgues du Saint-Laurent : une composante essentielle d’un écosystème marin unique et une ressource naturelle précieuse dans un contexte de changement global
Authors: Tamigneaux Éric , Johnson Ladd Erik
Published: June 2016

Aux latitudes moyennes, les grandes algues sont une composante essentielle des écosystèmes côtiers comme source de nourriture et d’habitat pour les communautés benthiques. Les assemblages de macroalgues dans l’écosystème marin du Saint-Laurent (ÉMSL) sont largement dominés par les fucales (Fucus, Ascophyllum) dans l’étage médiolittoral et par les laminaires (Alaria, Saccharina, Agarum) et les algues calcaires dans l’étage infralittoral. Peu d’efforts ont été consacrés à l’étude de leur écologie alors même que les activités de récolte sont en croissance. En dépit des similitudes entre l’ÉMSL et les écosystèmes comparables de l’est du Canada et d’Europe, il y a des différences fonctionnelles frappantes associées à 2 sources de perturbations : le broutage intense des algues par les oursins dans l’étage infralittoral et l’abrasion des communautés de l’étage médiolittoral par les glaces. Dans plusieurs régions de l’ÉMSL, ces perturbations réduisent l’extension des assemblages d’algues, ce qui génère des incertitudes sur le potentiel d’exploitation de cette ressource. Il en ressort qu’il faut approfondir les connaissances sur la répartition et l’abondance des espèces mais aussi développer l’algoculture, cela autant pour conserver les ressources naturelles et leurs services écologiques que pour assurer un approvisionnement stable des marchés émergents avec des ressources de qualité. À terme, ces informations seront indispensables pour anticiper les changements causés par le réchauffement climatique et par l’augmentation des invasions biologiques.
Potentiel de migration des écosystèmes côtiers meubles québécois de l’estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent dans le contexte de la hausse appréhendée du niveau de la mer
Authors: Bernatchez Pascal , Quintin Chantal
Published: June 2016

Les écosystèmes côtiers s’ajustent à la hausse du niveau de la mer en migrant vers les terres. Or, dans les zones sujettes à une accélération de la montée du niveau de la mer et à un déficit sédimentaire, des contraintes naturelles (p. ex. falaises) ou artificielles (p. ex. routes, structures de protection) présentes sur la côte, peuvent freiner cette dynamique naturelle et entraîner une perte de superficie de l’écosystème, processus nommé coincement côtier (coastal squeezeen anglais). Afin de savoir si les écosystèmes côtiers de l’estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent (EGSL) ont l’espace nécessaire pour se déplacer vers les terres dans un contexte de hausse du niveau de la mer, leur distance de migration potentielle a été évaluée. Les résultats révèlent que 57 % des écosystèmes formés de sédiments meubles ont un potentiel de migration inférieur à 30 m. Les contraintes artificielles sont susceptibles de freiner leur déplacement dans plus de 50 % des cas et plus des 3/4 des contraintes artificielles sont situées à moins de 30 m de leur limite supérieure. L’impact du coincement côtier devient préoccupant tant pour les milieux sableux que pour les marais maritimes qui occupent, respectivement, 74 % et 26 % de la superficie du territoire. L’amorce d’une réflexion sur la conservation d’espaces de migration des écosystèmes côtiers de l’EGSL est essentielle afin d’augmenter leur résilience face aux changements environnementaux.
Spin-dependent transport mechanisms in CoFe/MgO/n+-Si junctions investigated by frequency response of signals
Authors: Inokuchi Tomoaki , Ishikawa Mizue , Sugiyama Hideyuki , Saito Yoshiaki
Published: June 2016

We investigated spin-dependent transport properties in CoFe/MgO/n+-Si junctions by measuring Hanle signals and their dependence on the measurement frequency. The CoFe/MgO/n+-Si junctions exhibited two types of Hanle curves with different half-widths. Hanle signals with a broad half-width were observed mainly in the low-bias region, and these signals exhibited apparent frequency dependence and disappeared in the high-frequency region though Hanle signals with narrow half-widths were almost independent of the measurement frequency used in this study. This frequency dependence is explained by the mechanism of two-step tunneling. These results show that investigating the frequency response signals gives clear information on spin-dependent transport mechanisms.
Lloyd’s mirror interference lithography with EUV radiation from a high-harmonic source
Authors: Kim Hyun-su , Baksh Peter , Odstrcil Michal , Miszczak Magdalena , Frey Jeremy G. , Juschkin Larissa , Brocklesby William S.
Published: June 2016

We demonstrate interference lithography using a high-harmonic source. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is produced by high-harmonic generation with 800 nm light from a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser (40 fs pulses, 1 kHz, 2 W average power) in argon gas. Interference patterns created using Lloyd’s mirror setup and monochromatized radiation at the 27th harmonic (29 nm) are recorded using a ZEP-520A photoresist, producing features with <200 nm pitch. The effect of the use of femtosecond pulsed EUV radiation on the recorded pattern is investigated. The capability of the high-harmonic source for high-resolution patterning is discussed.
Salt taste after bariatric surgery and weight loss in obese persons
Authors: Ekmekcioglu Cem , Maedge Julia , Lam Linda , Blasche Gerhard , Shakeri-Leidenmühler Soheila , Kundi Michael , Ludvik Bernhard , Langer Felix B. , Prager Gerhard , Schindler Karin , Dürrschmid Klaus
Published: June 2016

Background.Little is known about the perception of salty taste in obese patients, especially after bariatric surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse possible differences in salt detection thresholds and preferences for foods differing in salt content in obese persons before and after bariatric surgery with weight loss compared to non-obese individuals.

Methods.Sodium chloride detection thresholds and liking for cream soups with different salt concentrations were studied with established tests. Moreover, a brief salt food questionnaire was assessed to identify the usage and awareness of salt in food.

Results.The results showed similar mean sodium chloride detection thresholds between non-obese and obese participants. After bariatric surgery a non-significant increase in the salt detection threshold was observed in the obese patients (mean ± SD: 0.44 ± 0.24 g NaCl/L before OP vs. 0.64 ± 0.47 g NaCl/L after OP,p= 0.069). Cream soup liking between controls and obese patients were not significantly different. However, significant sex specific differences were detected with the tested women not liking the soups (p< 0.001). Results from the food questionnaire were similar between the groups.

Conclusion.No differences between non-obese persons and obese patients were regarding. However, due to highly significant differences in soup liking, sex should be taken into consideration when conducting similar sensory studies.
Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria endowed with antimicrobial activity from a freshwater lake and their phylogenetic affiliation
Authors: Zothanpuia  , Passari Ajit K. , Gupta Vijai K. , Singh Bhim P.
Published: June 2016

Antimicrobial resistance poses a serious challenge to global public health. In this study, fifty bacterial strains were isolated from the sediments of a freshwater lake and were screened for antibiotic resistance. Out of fifty isolates, thirty-three isolates showed resistance against at least two of the selected antibiotics. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the isolates belonged to ten different genera, namelyStaphylococcus(n= 8), Bacillus(n= 7), Lysinibacillus(n= 4),Achromobacter(n=3), bacterium(n= 3),Methylobacterium(n= 2),Bosea(n= 2), Aneurinibacillus(n= 2), Azospirillum(n= 1), Novosphingobium(n= 1). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) and BOX-PCR markers were used to study the genetic relatedness among the antibiotic resistant isolates. Further, the isolates were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens viz.,Staphylococcus aureus(MTCC-96),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MTCC-2453) andEscherichia coli(MTCC-739), and pathogenic fungi viz.,Fusarium proliferatum(MTCC-286),Fusarium oxysporum(CABI-293942) andFusarium oxy. ciceri(MTCC-2791). In addition, biosynthetic genes (polyketide synthase II (PKS-II) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)) were detected in six and seven isolates, respectively. This is the first report for the multifunctional analysis of the bacterial isolates from a wetland with biosynthetic potential, which could serve as potential source of useful biologically active metabolites.
Transcriptome activity of isochores during preimplantation process in human and mouse
Authors: Barton Carl , Iliopoulos Costas S. , Pissis Solon P. , Arhondakis Stilianos
Published: June 2016

This work investigates the role of isochores during preimplantation process. Using RNA‐seq data from human and mouse preimplantation stages, we created the spatio‐temporal transcriptional profiles of the isochores during preimplantation. We found that from early to late stages, GC‐rich isochores increase their expression while GC‐poor ones decrease it. Network analysis revealed that modules with few coexpressed isochores are GC‐poorer than medium‐large ones, characterized by an opposite expression as preimplantation advances, decreasing and increasing respectively. Our results reveal a functional contribution of the isochores, supporting the presence of structural‐functional interactions during maturation and early‐embryonic development.
Identification of a bipartite nuclear localization signal in the silkworm Masc protein
Authors: Sugano Yudai , Kokusho Ryuhei , Ueda Masamichi , Fujimoto Masaru , Tsutsumi Nobuhiro , Shimada Toru , Kiuchi Takashi , Katsuma Susumu
Published: June 2016

The silkworm Masculinizer (Masc) gene encodes a CCCH‐tandem zinc finger protein that controls both masculinization and dosage compensation. Masc protein is a nuclear protein, but the mechanism underlying the transport of this protein into the nucleus has not yet been elucidated. Here, we identified a functional bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) located between residues 274 and 290 of the Masc protein. Sequence comparison revealed that this bipartite NLS is evolutionarily conserved in Masc proteins from other lepidopteran insects. Furthermore, we showed that the degree of nuclear localization is not associated with the masculinizing activity of the Masc protein.
Alteration of transbilayer phospholipid compositions is involved in cell adhesion, cell spreading, and focal adhesion formation
Authors: Miyano Rie , Matsumoto Takashi , Takatsu Hiroyuki , Nakayama Kazuhisa , Shin Hye‐Won
Published: June 2016

We previously showed that P4‐ATPases, ATP10A/ATP8B1, and ATP11A/ATP11C have flippase activities toward phosphatidylcholine (PC), and aminophospholipids [phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine], respectively. Here, we investigate the effect of PC‐specific flippases versus aminophospholipid‐specific flippases in cell spreading on the extracellular matrix. Expression of PC‐flippases, but not PS‐flippases, delayed cell adhesion, cell spreading and inhibited formation of focal adhesions. In addition, overexpression of a PS‐binding probe that sequesters PS in the cytoplasmic leaflet delayed cell spreading and inhibited formation of focal adhesions. These results suggest that elevation of PC at the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane by expression of PC‐flippases may reduce the local concentration of PS or phosphoinositides, required for efficient cell adhesion, focal adhesion formation, and cell spreading.
The eddy kinetic energy budget in the Red Sea
Authors: Zhan Peng , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Yao Fengchao , Kartadikaria Aditya R. , Guo Daquan , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: June 2016

The budget of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the Red Sea, including the sources, redistributions, and sink, is examined using a high'resolution eddy‐resolving ocean circulation model. A pronounced seasonally varying EKE is identified, with its maximum intensity occurring in winter, and the strongest EKE is captured mainly in the central and northern basins within the upper 200 m. Eddies acquire kinetic energy from conversion of eddy available potential energy (EPE), from transfer of mean kinetic energy (MKE), and from direct generation due to time‐varying (turbulent) wind stress, the first of which contributes predominantly to the majority of the EKE. The EPE‐to‐EKE conversion occurs almost in the entire basin, while the MKE‐to‐EKE transfer appears mainly along the shelf boundary of the basin (200 m isobath) where high horizontal shear interacts with topography. The EKE generated by the turbulent wind stress is relatively small and limited to the southern basin. All these processes are intensified during winter, when the rate of energy conversion is about 4–5 times larger than that in summer. The EKE is redistributed by the vertical and horizontal divergence of energy flux and the advection of the mean flow. As a main sink of EKE, dissipation processes is ubiquitously found in the basin. The seasonal variability of these energy conversion terms can explain the significant seasonality of eddy activities in the Red Sea.
A comparative study of dipolarization fronts at MMS and Cluster
Authors: Schmid D. , Nakamura R. , Volwerk M. , Plaschke F. , Narita Y. , Baumjohann W. , Magnes W. , Fischer D. , Eichelberger H. U. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Leinweber H. K. , Le G. , Bromund K. R. , Anderson B. J. , Slavin J. A. , Kepko E. L.
Published: June 2016

We present a statistical study of dipolarization fronts (DFs), using magnetic field data from MMS and Cluster, at radial distances below 12 RE and 20 RE, respectively. Assuming that the DFs have a semicircular cross section and are propelled by the magnetic tension force, we used multispacecraft observations to determine the DF velocities. About three quarters of the DFs propagate earthward and about one quarter tailward. Generally, MMS is in a more dipolar magnetic field region and observes larger‐amplitude DFs than Cluster. The major findings obtained in this study are as follows: (1) At MMS ∼57 % of the DFs move faster than 150 km/s, while at Cluster only ∼35 %, indicating a variable flux transport rate inside the flow‐braking region. (2) Larger DF velocities correspond to higher Bz values directly ahead of the DFs. We interpret this as a snow plow‐like phenomenon, resulting from a higher magnetic flux pileup ahead of DFs with higher velocities.
Academic and Career Advancement for Black Male Athletes at NCAA Division I Institutions
Authors: Baker Ashley R. , Hawkins Billy J.
Published: June 2016

This chapter examines the structural arrangements and challenges many Black male athletes encounter as a result of their use of sport for upward social mobility. Recommendations to enhance their preparation and advancement are provided.
Water‐Soluble Conjugated Polymers for the Detection and Inhibition of Protein Aggregation
Authors: Chai Ran , Xing Chengfen , Qi Junjie , Fan Yibing , Yuan Hongbo , Niu Ruimin , Zhan Yong , Xu Jialiang
Published: June 2016

Protein aggregation is etiologically associated with a wide range of devastating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and prion diseases, and therefore the new strategies for the detection and inhibition of protein aggregation are urgently desired. Herein, the capability of a cationic water‐soluble poly(phenylene vinylene) derivative (PPV‐NMe3+) to detect and inhibit the protein aggregation has been explored, using the hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) as a model system whose aggregation is triggered by UV illumination. The PPV‐NMe3+ binds efficiently to the surface of the HEWL aggregates driven by the hydrophobic interactions, leading to the reduction of interchain contacts and therefore the enhancement of fluorescence intensity of the conjugated polymer. Importantly, the hydrophobic interactions between HEWL and PPV‐NMe3+ compete with the interaction that dominates the formation of the HEWL self‐assembly, and the electrostatic repulsion between the neighboring PPV‐NMe3+‐coated aggregates reduces and inhibits the further aggregation of HEWL. In this way, the water‐soluble conjugated polymer PPV‐NMe3+ serves as both the detector and inhibitor for the protein aggregation triggered by UV illumination, which promises advanced potential applications in the diagnose and prevention of diseases caused by protein aggregation.
Non‐Volatile Polymer Electroluminescence Programmable with Ferroelectric Field‐Induced Charge Injection Gate
Authors: Lee Ju Han , Jeong Beomjin , Cho Sung Hwan , Kim Eui Hyuk , Park Cheolmin
Published: June 2016

Electroluminescence (EL) of organic and polymeric fluorescent materials programmable in the luminance is extremely useful as a non‐volatile EL memory with the great potential in the variety of emerging information storage applications for imaging and motion sensors. In this work, a novel non‐volatile EL memory in which arbitrarily chosen EL states are programmed and erased repetitively with long EL retention is demonstrated. The memory is based on utilizing the built‐in electric field arising from the remnant polarization of a ferroelectric polymer which in turn controls the carrier injection of an EL device. A device with vertically stacked components of a transparent bottom electrode/a ferroelectric polymer/a hole injection layer/a light emitting layer/a top electrode successfully emits light upon alternating current (AC) operation. Interestingly, the device exhibits two distinctive non‐volatile EL intensities at constant reading AC voltage, depending upon the programmed direct current (DC) voltage on the ferroelectric layer. DC programmed and AC read EL memories are also realized with different EL colors of red, green and blue. Furthermore, more than four distinguishable EL states are precisely addressed upon the programmed voltage input each of which shows excellent EL retention and multiple cycle endurance of more than 105 s and 102 cycles, respectively.
Carbon Nanomembranes
Authors: Turchanin Andrey , Gölzhäuser Armin
Published: June 2016

Carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) are synthetic 2D carbon sheets with tailored physical or chemical properties. These depend on the structure, molecular composition, and surroundings on either side. Due to their molecular thickness, they can be regarded as “interfaces without bulk” separating regions of different gaseous, liquid, or solid components and controlling the materials exchange between them. Here, a universal scheme for the fabrication of 1 nm‐thick, mechanically stable, functional CNMs is presented. CNMs can be further modified, for example perforated by ion bombardment or chemically functionalized by the binding of other molecules onto the surfaces. The underlying physical and chemical mechanisms are described, and examples are presented for the engineering of complex surface architectures, e.g., nanopatterns of proteins, fluorescent dyes, or polymer brushes. A simple transfer procedure allows CNMs to be placed on various support structures, which makes them available for diverse applications: supports for electron and X‐ray microscopy, nanolithography, nanosieves, Janus nanomembranes, polymer carpets, complex layered structures, functionalization of graphene, novel nanoelectronic and nanomechanical devices. To close, the potential of CNMs in filtration and sensorics is discussed. Based on tests for the separation of gas molecules, it is argued that ballistic membranes may play a prominent role in future efforts of materials separation.