bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Calcium and Phosphate Content in Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition Solutions Using Organic Calcium and Phosphate Salts
Authors: Bouchoud Lucie , Fonzo‐Christe Caroline , Sadeghipour Farshid , Bonnabry Pascal
Published: September 2010

Background: The provision of high amounts of calcium and phosphate in parenteral nutrition (PN) solution for neonates is important for bone mass accretion. Because of the risk of calcium phosphate precipitation, a well‐documented incompatibility for inorganic salts, the concentrations of these electrolytes in PN are generally limited to 5 mmol/L. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of precipitation of calcium phosphate when organic calcium and phosphate salts are used instead of inorganic salts. Methods: Precipitation curves were determined for inorganic and organic calcium and phosphate salts in a PN solution favorable to precipitation (low concentration of amino acids and glucose) using visual inspection and particle counts. Results: The use of organic phosphate salt was associated with a decreased risk of precipitation of calcium phosphate. No precipitation occurred up to a concentration of 50 mmol/L of calcium and phosphate. In contrast, organic calcium salt only slightly decreased the risk of precipitation. Conclusion: Up to 50 mmol/L of organic calcium and phosphate salts can be safely mixed in PN, even in unstable conditions, making it possible to follow the current European recommendations for requirements in neonates.
Relationship satisfaction in Argentinean couples under economic strain: Gender differences in a dyadic stress model
Authors: Falconier Mariana K. , Epstein Norman B.
Published: September 2010

This study tested a dyadic stress model that inter-partner psychological aggression and positive behaviors mediate the negative association between economic strain and couples’ relationship satisfaction. Heterosexual couples at a large community clinic in Argentina (N = 144 couples) completed self-report questionnaires three years after the initiation of a major economic crisis. Path analytic results indicated that gender differences — greater male and female psychological aggression, and lower female positive behaviors — mediated the link between male economic strain and female relationship satisfaction. No significant paths were found from female economic strain to male relationship satisfaction. Implications for research, clinical practice, and the advancement of a dyadic model of economic strain are discussed.
Invited Review Article
Authors: Caughlin John P.
Published: September 2010

Despite being the dominant perspective for understanding how messages are produced in interpersonal communication, multiple goals theories of communication have not been prominent in relationship scholarship. In this article, I argue that multiple goals theories can be adapted to provide important insights into communication and relational outcomes (e.g., satisfaction). To illustrate the utility of this perspective, I summarize three sets of studies from my research program and conclude that a multiple goals perspective can enrich both relationship and message production scholarship. In particular, a multiple goals perspective provides a counterpoint to some overly simplistic conceptualizations of relational interaction and highlights important research questions that are rarely addressed.
Is less more? Confirmatory factor analysis of the Attachment Style Questionnaires
Authors: Karantzas Gery C. , Feeney Judith A. , Wilkinson Ross
Published: September 2010

Few psychometric studies have confirmed the factor structure of the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) (Feeney, Noller, & Hanrahan, 1994), a widely used self-report attachment measure. Moreover, no study has formally investigated the factor structure of the ASQ’s short form (ASQ-SF) proposed by Alexander, Feeney, Hohaus, and Noller (2001). The aim of the present study was to validate the factor structures of the ASQ and ASQ-SF, and to identify the more parsimonious measure. In two studies, a nested factor model provided the best fit, the ASQ-SF was the more parsimonious measure, and results were consistent across age and gender groups. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Classification of issues underlying the development of information policy
Authors: Yusof Zawiyah M. , Basri Mokmin , Zin Nor Azan M.
Published: September 2010

This paper analyses issues underlying the development of information policy with the aim to group the issues into six classes: technical and scientific information, library, information and communication technology, social, government information, and economy. Issues underlying the development of information policy need to be grouped to facilitate the analysis of the current information policy situation of any country. Classification is also an approach appropriate for a new field which has not gained academic maturity such as information policy. Additionally, classification is also important to determine the focus of information policy. This paper is based on a literature review in information policy which gathered qualitative data in analysing the issues embracing the development of information policy. Analyses revealed that the information policy group has never changed ever since the earliest research. The only change that takes place is the variety of issues that fits the group.
Education for librarianship and information studies: fit for purpose?: Supporting serendipity?
Authors: Johnson Ian M.
Published: September 2010

An issue that has largely been ignored by LIS researchers is that of the impact on research findings of access to library stacks and serendipity. It brings into question the support that libraries offer to researchers, and how much is taught to students about how researchers work.
Challenges and achievements in the development of spiritual-care training and implementation in Israel
Authors: Bentur Netta , Resnizky Shirli
Published: September 2010

In recent years, pioneering spiritual-care training programs and services have been developed in Israel. This paper examines the implementation of the training programs and the challenge of integrating program graduates in the healthcare services. The information was collected through in-depth interviews with 12 students and graduates and the directors of the three training programs. All the interviews were transcribed in full and analyzed using qualitative study methods. The interviewees emphasized the importance of practical experience, although many of them encountered some degree of antagonism during their training or placement. Continuation of personal counseling and supervision after the conclusion of the program is also essential. Some were worried that they would not find work or were concerned about negotiations with potential employers. Evidently, the implementation of spiritual-care education must continue apace and careful consideration be given to optimizing its acceptance by the establishment.
Overuse Injuries in Professional Road Cyclists
Authors: Clarsen Benjamin , Krosshaug Tron , Bahr Roald
Published: September 2010

Background

Little epidemiological information exists on overuse injuries in elite road cyclists. Anecdotal reports indicate anterior knee pain and lower back pain may be common problems.

Purpose

This study was conducted to register overuse injuries among professional road cyclists with special focus on anterior knee and lower back pain.

Study Design

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods

We attended training camps of 7 professional teams and interviewed 109 of 116 cyclists (94%) on overuse injuries they had experienced in the previous 12 months. Injuries that required attention from medical personnel or involved time loss from cycling were registered. Additional information on anterior knee pain and lower back pain was collected using specific questionnaires.

Results

A total of 94 injuries were registered; 45% were in the lower back and 23% in the knee. Twenty-three time-loss injuries were registered—57% in the knee, 22% in the lower back, and 13% in the lower leg. Fifty-eight percent of all cyclists had experienced lower back pain in the previous 12 months, and 41% of all cyclists had sought medical attention for it. Thirty-six percent had experienced anterior knee pain and 19% had sought medical attention for it. Few cyclists had missed competitions because of pain in the lower back (6%) or anterior knee (9%).

Conclusion

Lower back pain and anterior knee pain were the most prevalent overuse injuries, with knee injuries most likely to cause time loss and lower back pain causing the highest rates of functional impairment and medical attention.

Clinical Relevance

Future efforts to prevent overuse injuries in competitive cyclists should focus on lower back pain and anterior knee pain.
Size Variability of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insertion Sites
Authors: Kopf Sebastian , Pombo Mathew W. , Szczodry Michal , Irrgang James J. , Fu Freddie H.
Published: September 2010

Background: Current trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have been toward anatomical reconstruction that restores the normal size and location of the anterior cruciate ligament insertions and its 2 bundles, the posterolateral (PL) and anteromedial (AM) bundles. This has resulted in a more individualized approach to ACLR. Several studies have shown that the size of the anterior cruciate ligament insertion sites is variable; however, these studies are limited by use of relatively small sample sizes and cadaveric specimens.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo size variability of the anterior cruciate ligament insertion sites and its AM and PL bundles during arthroscopy in a large series of patients and to correlate these findings with individuals’ physical characteristics (height, weight, and body mass index).

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods: In 137 patients undergoing ACLR during the first 6 months after injury, the femoral and tibial anterior cruciate ligament insertion sites and the 2 bundles were identified, marked with electrocautery, and measured with an arthroscopic ruler. Additionally, physical characteristics of the patients, including self-reported height, weight, and body mass index, were recorded.

Results: The tibial anterior cruciate ligament insertion site had a mean length of 17.0 ± 2.0 mm. The tibial AM bundle length was 9.1 ± 1.2 mm and the width was 9.2 ± 1.1 mm. The tibial PL bundle insertion site length averaged 7.4± 1.0 mm and the width averaged 7.0 ± 1.0 mm. The femoral insertion sites had a mean length of 16.5 ± 2.0 mm. The length of the femoral AM bundle insertion site averaged 9.2 ± 1.2 mm and the width averaged 8.9 ± 0.9 mm. The femoral PL bundle insertion site length averaged 7.1 ± 1.1 mm and the width averaged 6.9 ± 1.0 mm. There were significant positive correlations between patient height and weight ( P < .05) with femoral and tibial anterior cruciate ligament insertion site length, tibial PL bundle insertion site length, femoral AM bundle insertion site length, and tibial AM bundle and PL bundle insertion site areas. However, the coefficients of determination values were low (1.0% to 19.4%).

Conclusion: There is a large variation in size of the anterior cruciate ligament insertion sites and the AM and PL bundles. Additionally, there are significant but weak correlations between the size of the insertions and height, weight, and body mass index of the individual patient.
Injury in Community-Level Soccer
Authors: McNoe Bronwen M. , Chalmers David J.
Published: September 2010

Background

Few descriptive epidemiologic studies of injury in soccer are of community-level players. Although many sports injury surveillance systems have been described in the scientific literature, only 1 has been implemented in community-level soccer and that was restricted to adolescent players in a single club.

Purpose

The objective of this study was to develop a method for undertaking routine surveillance of injury in community-level soccer.

Study Design

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods

A cohort of 880 community-level players aged 13 years and over was followed over 1 winter competitive season. Each week, each player was contacted by telephone and an interview conducted to collect data on participation in matches and training sessions, injuries, and adherence to injury prevention measures.

Results

Seventy-five percent (n = 510) of the cohort was male and the median age was 16 years. Data were collected on 11 268 player-matches totaling 13 483 player-match hours and 11 540 player-training sessions totaling 16 031 player-training hours. A total of 677 match injury events were reported, giving overall incidence rates of 50.2 injury events per 1000 player-match hours and 6.0 injury events per 100 player-matches. The incidence rate for match injury events was significantly higher for females than for males (63.9 vs 46.9). A total of 145 training injury events were reported, giving overall incidence rates of 9.0 injury events per 1000 player-training hours and 1.3 injury events per 100 player-training sessions. The most common injuries were sprains and strains of the lower limb, and tackling was the most common cause of injury.

Conclusion

This study has shown that routine injury surveillance, using a cohort design with exposure measurement, can be successfully implemented in community-level soccer.
Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Subcounty Population Forecasts
Authors: Rayer Stefan , Smith Stanley K.
Published: September 2010

Small-area population forecasts are used for a wide variety of planning and budgeting purposes. Using 1970 to 2005 data for incorporated places and unincorporated areas in Florida, we evaluate the accuracy of forecasts made with several extrapolation techniques, averages, and composite methods, and we assess the effects of differences in population size, growth rate, and length of forecast horizon on forecast errors. We further investigate the impact of adjusting forecasts to account for changes in special populations and annexations. The findings presented in this study will help practitioners make informed decisions when they construct and analyze small-area population forecasts.
Residential Housing Choice in a Multihazard Environment: Implications for Natural Hazards Mitigation and Community Environmental Justice
Authors: Yang Zhang
Published: September 2010

This study examines residents’ housing decisions in a multihazard environment (flood, hurricane, and toxic chemicals). The combination of a hedonic price model and a household survey conducted in Harris County, Texas, indicates that flood hazard was an important factor in households’ housing decisions, but not hurricane and toxic materials hazards. The results have further suggested that home buyers were poorly informed about hurricane and toxic materials hazards when housing decisions were made and came to understand their vulnerability only while living in hazard-prone neighborhoods. Moreover, it appears that low-income households and minorities were the least-informed group in the housing market. These findings provide implications for using hazard information programs to promote community resilience to natural hazards and community environmental justice.
The Use of Morycz’s Desire-to-Institutionalize Scale Across Three Racial/Ethnic Groups
Authors: McCaskill Gina M. , Burgio Louis D. , DeCoster Jamie , Roff Lucinda Lee
Published: September 2010

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the dimensionality and reliability of a frequently used scale for predicting the desire to institutionalize among White, African American, and Hispanic caregivers of persons with dementia. Method: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability analyses were performed on a slightly modified version of Morycz’s (1985) Desire to Institutionalize (DTI) scale separately for each racial group using data from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health (REACH) II study (Belle et al., 2006). Results: The EFA revealed a one-factor structure that was equivalent across all racial groups. The scale demonstrated moderate reliability with KR-20 alpha of .694 for Whites, .742 for African Americans, and .767 for Hispanics. Discussion: Findings suggest that Morycz’s DTI scale is a consistently reliable measure for assessing the desire to institutionalize across White, African American, and Hispanic dementia caregivers.
Progressing children’s participation: Exploring the potential of a dialogical turn
Authors: Graham Anne , Fitzgerald Robyn
Published: September 2010

Children’s participation is increasingly ambiguous and contested. Such complexity emerges in response to its emancipatory possibilities as well as unresolved tensions and power practices. The authors argue that closer attention must now be given to the interpretative milieu of children’s participation, that is, to the act of dialogue that has emerged as central to the participatory process. They point to the need for a critical examination of dialogue in facilitating and resisting the recognition of children. The article concludes with a number of questions to be addressed, if a dialogic approach to participation is to be more fully realized.
Dutch urban governance: Multi-level or multi-scalar?
Authors: Kokx Anita , van Kempen Ronald
Published: September 2010

Many accounts of urban governance emphasize municipal and neighbourhood scales, featuring local participation, social cohesion and the relationship between local government and residents. By contrast, our focus is the vertical governance processes of integrated urban policies. We concentrate on the effectiveness of the steering of urban policies. Using a Dutch city as a case study, we evaluate local stakeholders’ experiences in the vertical governance processes of integrated urban policy and the extent to which their experiences fit in with the theoretical notions of multi-level governance or multi-scalar meta-governance and the EU principles of good governance. The key result is that Dutch urban policy incorporates dominant neo-liberal multi-scalar meta-governance, owing to the simultaneously strong market orientation and state regulation. The legitimacy of urban policy is brought into question when city authorities have very little influence on its contents but are judged on its results. The major lesson learned is that neo-liberal centralistic steering in the core domains of local government that aim to achieve effective and coherent urban governance practices is counterproductive.
‘‘Which Tax’’ or ‘‘Which Tax for What?’’: Tax Assignment in the Theory of Fiscal Federalism
Authors: Liberati Paolo
Published: September 2010

What is the power of traditional and competitive theories of fiscal federalism in explaining tax assignment at a local level? This article deals with this issue, arguing that both theories fail to properly explain the practice of tax assignment across countries. The author shows that the inapplicability of local benefit taxes makes the theory of tax assignment both under- and overdetermined in the framework of the traditional theory where the public sector is a benevolent player. The author also shows that the politicians’ misconduct that is emphasized by competitive theories of fiscal federalism would lead toward earmarking local taxes, if the aim is to enforce responsibility, a feature that is not widely observed in practice. It is therefore argued that alternative lines of research must be addressed to rationalize the practice of tax assignment.
Undeclared Work, Employer Tax Compliance, and Audits
Authors: Di Porto Edoardo
Published: September 2010

This article analyzes employer labor tax evasion and the impact on this evasion of tax inspections by a labor inspectorate. The analysis is based on a unique data set built by linking two sources of information: a data set of individual artisan firms and an individual audit data set. Our data describe the universe of artisan firms in Piedmont (Italy) in 2000 to 2005. Using information on firm characteristics and tax evasion observed directly from the audit exercise, we estimate undeclared work in the artisan sector, and we then evaluate the impact of tax inspections on employer labor tax declarations. We find that inspections could actually be counterproductive, decreasing both tax compliance and tax revenues.
Methods to Reanalyze Tax Compliance Experiments: Monte Carlo Simulations and Decision Time Analysis
Authors: Krauskopf Thomas , Prinz Aloys
Published: September 2010

Tax compliance experiments are widely used in public finance and economic psychology. To analyze the data of the experiments, standard econometric and psychometric techniques are used. In this article, the authors show that it may be useful to employ additional data analysis tools to gain better statistical confidence on the results and to retrieve more information from the data sets, respectively. To do this, the authors reanalyze data from the tax compliance experiments of Kastlunger et al. These experiments provide evidence that after tax audits, the rates of tax compliance decrease systematically (‘‘bomb crater effect’’). First, the statistical validity of this result is tested using Monte Carlo simulations. Second, the authors extend the analysis of Kastlunger et al. using by-products of the data that had not been used in the original article to find out whether the tax compliance decisions were taken automatically or thoughtfully.
Construction and evaluation of a self-contained index for assessment of diet quality
Authors: Leppälä Johanna , Lagström Hanna , Kaljonen Anne , Laitinen Kirsi
Published: September 2010

Aims: To construct and validate a self-contained index for the evaluation of a health-promoting diet in adults. Methods: Participants (n = 103) were healthy volunteer adults aged 20 to 64 years. A food consumption questionnaire containing 55 questions was formulated and evaluated against seven-day food records. Key questions best reflecting the health-promoting diet, defined in nutrition recommendations, were identified by correlation and ROC analyses in comparison to calculated food and nutrient intakes from the food records. A shorter questionnaire was scored to compile an Index of Diet Quality (IDQ). Results: Based on ROC analyses 18 questions were sufficient to describe the health-promoting diet and comprised the index. IDQ had a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 71%. The IDQ score reflected dietary intake, shown as statistically significant correlations between higher IDQ scores and higher intakes of protein (r = 0.35), fibre (r = 0.42), calcium (r = 0.39), iron (r = 0.31), vitamin C (r = 0.31) and a higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (r = 0.23) and a lower intake of saturated fatty acids (r =—0.22) and saccharose (r =—0.25). Conclusions: IDQ reflects dietary intake of key foods and nutrients associated with health and depicts adherence to dietary recommendations. It is applicable in nutritional studies where diet in its entirety is of interest and also in large-scale studies, being fast in execution with analysis free of complex calculations.
Social capital, political trust, and health locus of control: A population-based study
Authors: Lindström Martin
Published: September 2010

Objective: To investigate the association between political trust in the Riksdag and lack of belief in the possibility to influence one’s own health (external locus of control), taking horizontal trust into account. Design/setting/participants/measurements: The 2008 public health survey in Skåne is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study with a 55% participation rate. A random sample of 28,198 persons aged 18—80 years participated. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between political trust in the Riksdag (an aspect of vertical trust) and lack of belief in the possibility to influence one’s own health (external locus of control). The multiple regression analyses included age, country of birth, education, and horizontal trust in other people. Results: A 33.7% of all men and 31.8% of all women lack internal locus of control. Low (external) health locus of control is more common in higher age groups, among people born outside Sweden, with lower education, low horizontal trust, low political trust, and no opinion concerning political trust. Respondents with not particularly strong political trust, no political trust at all and no opinion have significantly higher odds ratios of external locus of control throughout the multiple regression analyses. Conclusions: Low political trust in the Riksdag seems to be independently associated with external health locus of control.
Genetic susceptibility to asbestos-related fibrotic pleuropulmonary changes
Authors: Kukkonen M.K. , Hämäläinen S. , Kaleva S. , Vehmas T. , Huuskonen M.S. , Oksa P. , Vainio H. , Piirilä P. , Hirvonen A.
Published: September 2010

The objective of this study was to determine whether genetic polymorphisms in enzymes that metabolise oxidative agents modify the individual susceptibility to developing asbestos and smoking-related pleuropulmonary changes.

Nine polymorphisms of six genes (EPHX1,GSTM1,GSTM3,GSTP1, GSTT1andNAT2) were genotyped from 1,008 Finnish asbestos-exposed workers. The genotype data were compared to signs of lung fibrosis and pleural thickenings, as well as with total lung capacity, single-breath diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL,CO) and specific diffusing capacity (expressed asDL,COper unit of alveolar volume (VA)).

TheGSTT1deletion polymorphism was associated with fibrotic changes (p=0.003), and decreasedDL,CO(p=0.02) andDL,CO/VA(p=0.002), and theGSTM1deletion polymorphism was associated with the greatest thickness of pleural plaques (p=0.009). On further analysis, theGSTT1null genotype was found to pose over a three-fold risk for severe fibrotic changes (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.51–6.43), and around two-fold risks for decreasedDL,CO(OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.06–2.95) andDL,CO/VA(OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.33–4.23). In addition, theGSTM1null genotype showed an elevated risk (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03–1.80) for thicker pleural plaques.

Our data suggest that inherited detoxification capacity may affect the development and severity of asbestos and smoking-related nonmalignant pulmonary changes.
Interferon-γ release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sester M. , Sotgiu G. , Lange C. , Giehl C. , Girardi E. , Migliori G.B. , Bossink A. , Dheda K. , Diel R. , Dominguez J. , Lipman M. , Nemeth J. , Ravn P. , Winkler S. , Huitric E. , Sandgren A. , Manissero D.
Published: September 2010

Interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are now established for the immunodiagnosis of latent infection withMycobacterium tuberculosisin many countries. However, the role of IGRAs for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) remains unclear.

Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS) guidelines, we searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases to identify studies published in January 2001–November 2009 that evaluated the evidence of using QuantiFERON-TB® Gold in-tube (QFT-G-IT) and T-SPOT.TB®directly on blood or extrasanguinous specimens for the diagnosis of active TB.

The literature search yielded 844 studies and 27 met the inclusion criteria. In blood and extrasanguinous fluids, the pooled sensitivity for the diagnosis of active TB was 80% (95% CI 75–84%) and 48% (95% CI 39–58%) for QFT-G-IT, and 81% (95% CI 78–84%) and 88% (confirmed and unconfirmed cases) (95% CI 82–92%) for T-SPOT.TB®, respectively. In blood and extrasanguinous fluids, the pooled specificity was 79% (95% CI 75–82%) and 82% (95% CI 70–91%) for QFT-G-IT, and 59% (95% CI 56–62%) and 82% (95% CI 78–86%) for T-SPOT.TB®, respectively.

Although the diagnostic sensitivities of both IGRAs were higher than that of tuberculin skin tests, it was still not high enough to use as a rule out test for TB. Positive evidence for the use of IGRAs in compartments other than blood will require more independent and carefully designed prospective studies.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induces apoptosis and sub-G1 arrest of 320 HSR colon cancer cells
Authors: Sun Pei-Chang , Tzao Ching , Chen Ban-Hen , Liu Chen-Wei , Yu Cheng-Ping , Jin Jong-Shiaw
Published: September 2010

Background

Histone deacetylases and histone acetyl transferases covalently modify histone proteins, consequentially altering chromatin architecture and gene expression.

Methods

The effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a HDAC inhibitor, on 320 HSR colon cells were assessed in 320 HSR colon cancer cells.

Results

Concentration and time-dependent inhibition of 320 HSR cell proliferation was observed. Treatment of 320 HSR cells with 5 μM SAHA for 72 h significantly inhibited their growth by 50% as compared to that of the control. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis demonstrated significant inhibition of cell cycle progression (sub-G1 arrest) and induction of apoptosis upon various SAHA concentrations after 48 h. In addition, the anti-apoptosis proteins, survivin and Bcl-xL, were significantly inhibited by SAHA after 72 h of treatment. Immunocytochemistry analysis revealed that SAHA-resistant cells were positive for cyclin A (85%), ki-67 (100%), p53 (100%), survivin (100%), and p21 (90%) expression. Furthermore, a significant increase cyclin A-, Ki-67-, p53-, survivin-, and p21-positive cells were noted in SAHA-resistant tumor cells.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated for the first time in 320 HSR colon adenocarcinoma cells that SAHA might be considered as an adjuvant therapy for colon adenocarcinoma.
Characterization of a novel Lactobacillus species closely related to Lactobacillus johnsonii using a combination of molecular and comparative genomics methods
Authors: Sarmiento-Rubiano Luz-Adriana , Berger Bernard , Moine Déborah , Zúñiga Manuel , Pérez-Martínez Gaspar , Yebra María J
Published: September 2010

Background

Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) constitutes a powerful tool for identification and characterization of bacterial strains. In this study we have applied this technique for the characterization of a number of Lactobacillus strains isolated from the intestinal content of rats fed with a diet supplemented with sorbitol.

Results

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene, recA, pheS, pyrG and tuf sequences identified five bacterial strains isolated from the intestinal content of rats as belonging to the recently described Lactobacillus taiwanensis species. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments confirmed that these five strains are distinct but closely related to Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus gasseri. A whole genome DNA microarray designed for the probiotic L. johnsonii strain NCC533 was used for CGH analysis of L. johnsonii ATCC 33200T, L. johnsonii BL261, L. gasseri ATCC 33323T and L. taiwanensis BL263. In these experiments, the fluorescence ratio distributions obtained with L. taiwanensis and L. gasseri showed characteristic inter-species profiles. The percentage of conserved L. johnsonii NCC533 genes was about 83% in the L. johnsonii strains comparisons and decreased to 51% and 47% for L. taiwanensis and L. gasseri, respectively. These results confirmed the separate status of L. taiwanensis from L. johnsonii at the level of species, and also that L. taiwanensis is closer to L. johnsonii than L. gasseri is to L. johnsonii.

Conclusion

Conventional taxonomic analyses and microarray-based CGH analysis have been used for the identification and characterization of the newly species L. taiwanensis. The microarray-based CGH technology has been shown as a remarkable tool for the identification and fine discrimination between phylogenetically close species, and additionally provided insight into the adaptation of the strain L. taiwanensis BL263 to its ecological niche.
Preformed expression of defense is a hallmark of partial resistance to rice blast fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Vergne Emilie , Grand Xavier , Ballini Elsa , Chalvon Véronique , Saindrenan P , Tharreau D , Nottéghem J-L , Morel J-B
Published: September 2010

Background

Partial resistance to plant pathogens is extensively used in breeding programs since it could contribute to resistance durability. Partial resistance often builds up during plant development and confers quantitative and usually broad-spectrum resistance. However, very little is known on the mechanisms underlying partial resistance. Partial resistance is often explained by poorly effective induction of plant defense systems. By exploring rice natural diversity, we asked whether expression of defense systems before infection could explain partial resistance towards the major fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The constitutive expression of 21 defense-related genes belonging to the defense system was monitored in 23 randomly sampled rice cultivars for which partial resistance was measured.

Results

We identified a strong correlation between the expression of defense-related genes before infection and partial resistance. Only a weak correlation was found between the induction of defense genes and partial resistance. Increasing constitutive expression of defense-related genes also correlated with the establishment of partial resistance during plant development. Some rice genetic sub-groups displayed a particular pattern of constitutive expression, suggesting a strong natural polymorphism for constitutive expression of defense. Constitutive levels of hormones like salicylic acid and ethylene cannot explain constitutive expression of defense. We could identify an area of the genome that contributes to explain both preformed defense and partial resistance.

Conclusion

These results indicate that constitutive expression of defense-related genes is likely responsible for a large part of partial resistance in rice. The finding of this preformed defense system should help guide future breeding programs and open the possibility to identify the molecular mechanisms behind partial resistance.
Local erythropoietin and endothelial progenitor cells improve regional cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Stein Andreas , Knödler Martina , Makowski Markus , Kühnel Sandra , Nekolla Stefan , Keithahn Alexandra , Weidl Eliane , Groha Philip , Schürmann Maren , Saraste Atti , Botnar Rene , Oostendorp Robert AJ , Ott Ilka
Published: September 2010

Background

Expanded endothelial progenitor cells (eEPC) improve global left ventricular function in experimental myocardial infarction (MI). Erythropoietin beta (EPO) applied together with eEPC may improve regional myocardial function even further by anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective effects. Aim of this study was to evaluate intramyocardial application of eEPCs and EPO as compared to eEPCs or EPO alone in experimental MI.

Methods and Results

In vitro experiments revealed that EPO dosed-dependently decreased eEPC and leukocyte apoptosis. Moreover, in the presence of EPO mRNA expression in eEPC of proangiogenic and proinflammatory mediators measured by TaqMan PCR was enhanced. Experimental MI was induced by ligation and reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery of nude rats (n = 8-9). After myocardial transplantation of eEPC and EPO CD68+ leukocyte count and vessel density were enhanced in the border zone of the infarct area. Moreover, apoptosis of transplanted CD31 + TUNEL + eEPC was decreased as compared to transplantation of eEPCs alone. Regional wall motion of the left ventricle was measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. After injection of eEPC in the presence of EPO regional wall motion significantly improved as compared to injection of eEPCs or EPO alone.

Conclusion

Intramyocardial transplantation of eEPC in the presence of EPO during experimental MI improves regional wall motion. This was associated with an increased local inflammation, vasculogenesis and survival of the transplanted cells. Local application of EPO in addition to cell therapy may prove beneficial in myocardial remodeling.
Rv1985c, a promising novel antigen for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection from BCG-vaccinated controls
Authors: Chen Jiazhen , Wang Sen , Zhang Ying , Su Xiaodi , Wu Jing , Shao Lingyun , Wang Feifei , Zhang Shu , Weng Xinhua , Wang Honghai , Zhang Wenhong
Published: September 2010

Background

Antigens encoded in the region of difference (RD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis constitute a potential source of specific antigens for immunodiagnosis. In the present study, recombinant protein Rv1985c from RD2 was cloned, expressed, purified, immunologically characterized and investigated for its potentially diagnostic value for tuberculosis (TB) infection among BCG-vaccinated individuals.

Methods

T-cell response to Rv1985c was evaluated by IFN-γ ELISPOT in 56 TB patients, 20 latent TB infection (LTBI) and 30 BCG-vaccinated controls in comparison with the commercial T-SPOT. TB kit. Humoral response was evaluated by ELISA in 117 TB patients, 45 LTBI and 67 BCG-vaccinated controls, including all those who had T-cell assay, in comparison with a commercial IgG kit.

Results

Rv1985c was specifically recognized by cellular and humoral responses from both TB and LTBI groups compared with healthy controls. Rv1985c IgG-ELISA achieved 52% and 62% sensitivity respectively, which outperformed the sensitivity of PATHOZYME-MYCO kit (34%) in detecting active TB (P = 0.011), whereas IFN-γ Rv1985c-ELISPOT achieved 71% and 55% sensitivity in detecting active and LTBI, respectively. Addition of Rv1985c increased sensitivities of ESAT-6, CFP-10 and ESAT-6/CFP-10 combination in detecting TB from 82.1% to 89.2% (P = 0.125), 67.9% to 87.5% (P < 0.001) and 85.7% to 92.9% (P = 0.125), respectively.

Conclusions

In conclusion, Rv1985c is a novel antigen which can be used to immunologically diagnose TB infection along with other immunodominant antigens among BCG-vaccinated population.
Smoking during pregnancy and risk of abnormal glucose tolerance: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Haskins Amy E , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth R , Pekow Penelope , Carbone Elena , Fortner Renée T , Chasan-Taber Lisa
Published: September 2010

Background

Disturbances in glucose metabolism during pregnancy are associated with negative sequalae for both mother and infant. The association between smoking and abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between smoking prior to and during pregnancy and risk of AGT.

Methods

We utilized data from a prospective cohort of 1,006 Hispanic (predominantly Puerto Rican) prenatal care patients in Western Massachusetts. Women reported pre- and early pregnancy smoking at recruitment (mean = 15 weeks) and mid pregnancy smoking at a second interview (mean = 28 weeks). AGT was defined as > 135 mg/dL on the routine 1-hour glucose tolerance test (1-hr OGTT). We used multivariable regression to assess the effect of pre, early, and mid-pregnancy smoking on risk of AGT and screening plasma glucose value from the 1-hr OGTT.

Results

In age-adjusted models, women who smoked > 0-9 cigarettes/day in pre-pregnancy had an increased risk of AGT (OR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.02-3.55) compared to non-smokers; this was attenuated in multivariable models. Smoking in early (OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.21-1.10) and mid pregnancy (OR = 0.38; 95% CI 0.13-1.11) were not associated with AGT in multivariable models. Smoking during early and mid pregnancy were independently associated with lower glucose screening values, while smoking in pre-pregnancy was not.

Conclusions

In this prospective cohort of Hispanic women, we did not observe an association between smoking prior to or during pregnancy and risk of AGT. Findings from this study, although based on small numbers of cases, extend prior research to the Hispanic population.
Increased serum levels of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor independently predict a poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Gaber Alexander , Nodin Björn , Hotakainen Kristina , Nilsson Elise , Stenman Ulf-Håkan , Bjartell Anders , Birgisson Helgi , Jirström Karin
Published: September 2010

Background

There is an insufficient number of reliable prognostic and response predictive biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC) management. In a previous study, we found that high tumour tissue expression of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) correlated with liver metastasis and an impaired prognosis in CRC. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic validity of serum TATI (s-TATI) in CRC. We further assessed the prognostic value of carcino-embryonic antigen in serum (s-CEA) and the interrelationship between s-TATI and TATI in tissue (t-TATI).

Methods

Using an immunofluorometric assay, s-TATI levels were analysed in 334 preoperatively collected serum samples from patients with CRC. Spearman's Rho and Chi-square test were used for analysis of correlations between s-TATI and clinicopathological parameters, s-CEA and t-TATI. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox uni- and multivariate regression analysis were used to estimate disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) according to quartiles of s-TATI and cut-offs derived from ROC-analysis of s-TATI and s-CEA.

Results

Increased levels of s-TATI were associated with a reduced DFS (HR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.40-2.84, P < 0.001) and OS (HR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.74-3.33, P < 0.001). (HR = 2.89; 95% CI 1.96-4.25). This association remained significant in multivariate analysis. The association for OS remained significant in multivariate analysis (HR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.03-2.22, P = 0.034 for DFS and HR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.25-2.53, P = 0.001 for OS). There was no significant association between s-TATI and t-TATI. The prognostic value of s-CEA was also evident, but somewhat weaker than for s-TATI.

Conclusions

High preoperative s-TATI levels predict a poor prognosis in patients with CRC, and the prognostic value is independent of established prognostic parameters and t-TATI expression. These data suggest that s-TATI might be a useful marker for prognostic stratification in CRC.
An educational approach based on a non-injury model compared with individual symptom-based physical training in chronic LBP. A pragmatic, randomised trial with a one-year follow-up
Authors: Sorensen Pia H , Bendix Tom , Manniche Claus , Korsholm Lars , Lemvigh Dorte , Indahl Aage
Published: September 2010

Background

In the treatment of chronic back pain, cognitive methods are attracting increased attention due to evidence of effectiveness similar to that of traditional therapies. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of performing a cognitive intervention based on a non-injury model with that of a symptom-based physical training method on the outcomes of low back pain (LBP), activity limitation, LBP attitudes (fear-avoidance beliefs and back beliefs), physical activity levels, sick leave, and quality of life, in chronic LBP patients.

Methods

The study was a pragmatic, single-blind, randomised, parallel-group trial. Patients with chronic/recurrent LBP were randomised to one of the following treatments: 1. Educational programme : the emphasis was on creating confidence that the back is strong, that loads normally do not cause any damage despite occasional temporary pain, that reducing the focus on the pain might facilitate more natural and less painful movements, and that it is beneficial to stay physically active. 2. Individual symptom-based physical training programme : directional-preference exercises for those centralising their pain with repetitive movements; 'stabilising exercises' for those deemed 'unstable' based on specific tests; or intensive dynamic exercises for the remaining patients. Follow-up questionnaires (examiner-blinded) were completed at 2, 6 and 12 months. The main statistical test was an ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values.

Results

A total of 207 patients participated with the median age of 39 years (IQR 33-47); 52% were female, 105 were randomised to the educational programme and 102 to the physical training programme. The two groups were comparable at baseline. For the primary outcome measures, there was a non-significant trend towards activity limitation being reduced mostly in the educational programme group, although of doubtful clinical relevance. Regarding secondary outcomes, improvement in fear-avoidance beliefs was also better in the educational programme group. All other variables were about equally influenced by the two treatments. The median number of treatment sessions was 3 for the educational programme group and 6 for the physical training programme group.

Conclusions

An educational approach to treatment for chronic LBP resulted in at least as good outcomes as a symptom-based physical training method, despite fewer treatment sessions.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov: # NCT00410319
The effect of chair massage on muscular discomfort in cardiac sonographers: a pilot study
Authors: Engen Deborah J , Wahner-Roedler Dietlind L , Nadolny Anita M , Persinger Colleen M , Oh Jae K , Spittell Peter C , Loehrer Laura L , Cha Stephen S , Bauer Brent A
Published: September 2010

Background

Cardiac sonographers frequently have work-related muscular discomfort. We aimed to assess the feasibility of having sonographers receive massages during working hours in an area adjacent to an echocardiography laboratory and to assess relief of discomfort with use of the massages with or without stretching exercises.

Methods

A group of 45 full-time sonographers was randomly assigned to receive weekly 30-minute massage sessions, massages plus stretching exercises to be performed twice a day, or no intervention. Outcome measures were scores of the Quick DASH instrument and its associated work module at baseline and at 10 weeks of intervention. Data were analyzed with standard descriptive statistics and the separation test for early-phase comparative trials.

Results

Forty-four participants completed the study: 15 in the control group, 14 in the massage group, and 15 in the massage plus stretches group. Some improvement was seen in work-related discomfort by the Quick DASH scores and work module scores in the 2 intervention groups. The separation test showed separation in favor of the 2 interventions.

Conclusion

On the basis of the results of this pilot study, larger trials are warranted to evaluate the effect of massages with or without stretching on work-related discomfort in cardiac sonographers.

Trial Registration

NCT00975026 ClinicalTrials.gov
Isolation of cell-free bacterial inclusion bodies
Authors: Rodríguez-Carmona Escarlata , Cano-Garrido Olivia , Seras-Franzoso Joaquin , Villaverde Antonio , García-Fruitós Elena
Published: September 2010

Background

Bacterial inclusion bodies are submicron protein clusters usually found in recombinant bacteria that have been traditionally considered as undesirable products from protein production processes. However, being fully biocompatible, they have been recently characterized as nanoparticulate inert materials useful as scaffolds for tissue engineering, with potentially wider applicability in biomedicine and material sciences. Current protocols for inclusion body isolation fromEscherichia coliusually offer between 95 to 99% of protein recovery, what in practical terms, might imply extensive bacterial cell contamination, not compatible with the use of inclusion bodies in biological interfaces.

Results

Using an appropriate combination of chemical and mechanical cell disruption methods we have established a convenient procedure for the recovery of bacterial inclusion bodies with undetectable levels of viable cell contamination, below 10-1cfu/ml, keeping the particulate organization of these aggregates regarding size and protein folding features.

Conclusions

The application of the developed protocol allows obtaining bacterial free inclusion bodies suitable for use in mammalian cell cultures and other biological interfaces.