bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excreted secreted products from the parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae manipulate the Drosophila melanogaster immune response
Authors: Jones Kirah , Tafesh-Edwards Ghada , Kenney Eric , Toubarro Duarte , Simões Nelson , Eleftherianos Ioannis
Published: August 2022

Steinernema carpocapsae is an entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) that rapidly infects and kills a wide range of insect hosts and has been linked to host immunosuppression during the initial stages of infection. The lethal nature of S. carpocapsae infections has previously been credited to its symbiotic bacteria; however, it has become evident that the nematodes are able to effectively kill their hosts independently through their excretion/secretion products (ESPs). Here we examined how the adult Drosophila melanogaster immune system is modulated in response to S. carpocapsae ESPs in an attempt to ascertain individual pathogenic contributions of the isolated compound. We found that the S. carpocapsae ESPs decrease the survival of D. melanogaster adult flies, they induce the expression of certain antimicrobial peptide-encoding genes, and they cause significant reduction in phenoloxidase enzyme activity and delay in the melanization response in males flies. We also report that S. carpocapsae ESPs affect hemocyte numbers in both male and female individuals. Our results indicate the manipulative role of EPN ESPs and reveal sex-specific differences in the host response against nematode infection factors. These findings are beneficial as they promote our understanding of the molecular basis of nematode pathogenicity and the parasite components that influence nematode-host interactions.
Laser-assisted explosive synthesis and transfer of turbostratic graphene-related materials for energy conversion applications
Authors: Bhorkar Kapil , Samartzis Nikolaos , Athanasiou Michail , Sygellou Labrini , Boukos Nikos , Dracopoulos Vassilios , Ioannides Theophilos , Yannopoulos Spyros N.
Published: August 2022

Production of high-grade graphene-like materials using a simple, reliable processes and its simultaneous transfer onto soft surfaces have not yet achieved; hence impeding wide-ranging graphene applications. Even more complex processes are required to prepare graphene-based nanohybrids, which offer additional synergistic functionalities in relation to graphene. Here, an uncomplicated and scalable process to prepare high-purity few-layer turbostratic graphene and graphene/SiOxnanohybrids is demonstrated employing laser-mediated explosive synthesis and transfer of graphene flakes. The process is capable of producing, and simultaneously transferring, graphene flakes on any substrate, such as polymer, glass, metal, ceramics, etc. Graphene and nanohybrids exhibitsp2structures of turbostratic stacking, with low sheet resistance and very high (~30) C/O ratio. The merits of the method are showcased by two energy-related examples, flexible single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerators and electric double-layer capacitors. This method emerges as a paradigm of additive manufacturing for graphene-based devices with impact for applications in flexible electronics.
A tissue-level phenome-wide network map of colocalized genes and phenotypes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Rocheleau Ghislain , Forrest Iain S. , Duffy Áine , Bafna Shantanu , Dobbyn Amanda , Verbanck Marie , Won Hong-Hee , Jordan Daniel M. , Do Ron
Published: August 2022

Phenome-wide association studies identified numerous loci associated with traits and diseases. To help interpret these associations, we constructed a phenome-wide network map of colocalized genes and phenotypes. We generated colocalized signals using the Genotype-Tissue Expression data and genome-wide association results in UK Biobank. We identified 9151 colocalized genes for 1411 phenotypes across 48 tissues. Then, we constructed bipartite networks using the colocalized signals in each tissue, and showed that the majority of links were observed in a single tissue. We applied the biLouvain clustering algorithm in each tissue-specific network to identify co-clusters of genes and phenotypes. We observed significant enrichments of these co-clusters with known biological and functional gene classes. Overall, the phenome-wide map provides links between genes, phenotypes and tissues, and can yield biological and clinical discoveries.
Electrically tuneable terahertz metasurface enabled by a graphene/gold bilayer structure
Authors: Squires Andrew D. , Gao Xiang , Du Jia , Han Zhaojun , Seo Dong Han , Cooper James S. , Murdock Adrian T. , Lam Simon K. H. , Zhang Ting , van der Laan Tim
Published: August 2022

Reconfigurable terahertz electronics devices with high tuneability are pivotal for next-generation high speed wireless communication and sensing technologies. Significant challenges exist for realizing these devices, particularly on the design of smart metastructures that can manipulate electromagnetic radiation at the terahertz frequencies and the fabrication of devices with effective tuneability and reconfigurability. Here, we incorporate graphene into a graphene/gold bilayer superimposed metamaterial structure, which enables efficient electrical tuning of terahertz waves. A 0.2 THz frequency-selective absorber is designed and experimentally developed using this graphene/gold bilayer metamaterial approach. The device demonstrates 16 dB amplitude tuning at 0.2 THz resonance and over 95% broadband modulation at just 6 V bias voltage while maintaining a benchmark high-quality factor resonance performance. The design and fabrication methods presented can be readily applied to produce a myriad of tuneable terahertz devices required for high-speed, reconfigurable THz wireless communication and sensing technologies.
Baseline correction using a deep-learning model combining ResNet and UNet
Authors: Chen Tiejun , Son YoungJae , Park Aaron , Baek Sung-June
Published: August 2022

A baseline correction method based on deep-learning model is proposed, which combines ResNet and UNet. Compared with the traditional methods, this method has relatively excellent performance.
Enhanced ectopic bone formation by strontium-substituted calcium phosphate ceramics through regulation of osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis
Authors: Chen Fuying , Tian Luoqiang , Pu Ximing , Zeng Qin , Xiao Yumei , Chen Xuening , Zhang Xingdong
Published: August 2022

A schematic illustration of in vitro and in vivo experimental designs to comprehensively investigate the effects of Sr-substituted BCP ceramics on osteoclastic resorption and osteoblastic synthesis during ectopic bone formation.
Sodium storage mechanism of a GeP5/C composite as a high capacity anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Mao-Hui , Meng Jing-Ke , Xiao Na , Shao Rui-Wen , Wu Xiao-Jing , Gao Peng , Shadike Zulipiya , Zhou Yong-Ning
Published: August 2022

The sodium storage mechanism of a GeP5/C composite electrode was revealed. The GeP5 phase is revealed after recharge along with elemental Ge and P, implying a reversible phase transition of GeP5 during cycling.
Anisotropic thermal transport in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Liu Wenxiang , Hong Yang , Zhang Jingchao , Yue Yanan
Published: August 2022

Interlayer twisting provides a practical approach to manipulate the anisotropic thermal conductivity of bilayer graphene.
The carrier mobility of monolayer and bulk GaS: from first-principles calculations
Authors: Wang Jiangnan , Zhang Ruijie , Xiao Huagang , Zhou Runyu , Gao Tao
Published: August 2022

The number of layers affects the carrier mobility of a material, and bulk GaS has great potential for application in electronic devices.
Probing combustion and catalysis intermediates by synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry: recent progress and future opportunities
Authors: Zhou Zhongyue , Yang Jiuzhong , Yuan Wenhao , Wang Zhandong , Pan Yang , Qi Fei
Published: August 2022

Synchrotron VUV photoionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry provides advantageous capabilities in probing key intermediates in combustion and catalysis reactions.
The origin of high Na+ ion conductivity in Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12 NASICON materials
Authors: Schuett Judith , Pescher Fiona , Neitzel-Grieshammer Steffen
Published: August 2022

Ionic conductivity in NASICON Na1+xZr2SixP3−xO12 from density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations.
Carbon-incorporated bimetallic phosphide nanospheres derived from MOFs as superior electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Shao Xiaoxuan , Xu Shusheng , Wang Peijie , Wen Yi , Sun Xuecheng , Hong Min , Wu Kaiwei , Shi Xue-Rong
Published: August 2022

The CoFe-P/C material could afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with overpotentials of 138 and 193 mV for the HER in acidic and alkaline solutions, respectively.
Synthesis, characterization, interactions with the DNA duplex dodecamer d(5′-CGCGAATTCGCG-3′)2and cytotoxicity of binuclear η6-arene-Ru(ii) complexes
Authors: Georgakopoulou Christina , Thomos Dimitrios , Tsolis Theodoros , Ypsilantis Konstantinos , Plakatouras John C. , Kordias Dimitris , Magklara Angeliki , Kouderis Constantine , Kalampounias Angelos G. , Garoufis Achilleas
Published: August 2022

Novel binuclear organoruthenium complexes were synthesized and characterized, exhibiting significant DNA affinity and promising cytotoxicity.
Bimetallic Pd–Ag nanoclusters decorated micro-cellulose bio-template towards efficient catalytic Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of nitrogen-rich heterocycles
Authors: Bhattacharjee Prantika , Dewan Anindita , Boruah Purna K. , Das Manash R. , Mahanta Sanjeev P. , Thakur Ashim J. , Bora Utpal
Published: August 2022

Cellulose-fiber extracted from biomass waste by a simple method is used as a template for bimetallic Pd-Ag nanoclusters that exhibited photocatalytic proficiency in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of nitrogen heterocycles at room-temperature.
A sustainable way of recycling polyamides: dissolution and ammonolysis of polyamides to diamines and diamides using ammonia and biosourced glycerol
Authors: Stuyck Wouter , Janssens Kwinten , Denayer Mats , De Schouwer Free , Coeck Robin , Bernaerts Katrien V. , Vekeman Jelle , De Proft Frank , De Vos Dirk E.
Published: August 2022

Graphical representation of Lewis acid catalyzed ammonolysis of polyamide 66.
A transferred multitask regularization convolutional neural network (TrMR-CNN) for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy quantitative analysis
Authors: Cui Jiacheng , Song Weiran , Hou Zongyu , Gu Weilun , Wang Zhe
Published: August 2022

A quantification method combining transfer learning, a convolutional neural network and multitask regularization to improve prediction accuracy and model robustness on limited data.
Construction of a ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform based on a DES-CDs/CoOOH/OPD system for ascorbic acid detection
Authors: Chang Peng , Wu Li-Jun , Yuan Xu-Can , Wu Guodong , Bo Yukun , Yang Dan , An Ming , Zhao Long-Shan
Published: August 2022

Herein, a ratiometric fluorescence sensing platform based on deep eutectic solvent-carbon dots (DES-CDs) was constructed to efficiently determine ascorbic acid (AA).
Regioselective transformation of 3-phosphoryl benzyne intermediates to diverse phosphorus-substituted arenes
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Zenghui , You Gaoqiang , Xu Liang , Gao Pin , Rao Bin
Published: August 2022

Pre-functionalized benzyne precursors 5, 6 and 10 bearing a phosphoryl group were efficiently synthesized via a phospho-Fries rearrangement reaction on gram scales, and directly proceed various transformations to poly-substituted organophosphorus arenes in high regioselectivity.
Correction: Mechanoresponsive, proteolytically stable and biocompatible supergelators from ultra short enantiomeric peptides with sustained drug release propensity
Authors: Mehra Radha Rani , Basu Anindya , Christman Ryann M. , Harjit Jeena , Mishra Anil K. , Tiwari Amit K. , DuttKonar Anita
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Mechanoresponsive, proteolytically stable and biocompatible supergelators from ultra short enantiomeric peptides with sustained drug release propensity’ by Radha Rani Mehra et al., New J. Chem., 2020, 44, 6346–6354, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ00102C.
Efficient construction of diverse spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridines] via [3 + 3] cycloaddition of MBH carbonates of isatins with β-enamino maleimides
Authors: Pan Liu-Na , Sun Jing , Liu Xue-Yan , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: August 2022

An efficient method to construct unique spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridines] was successfully developed via a DABCO promoted formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of MBH carbonates of isatins with β-enamino maleimides under mild conditions.
Materials development in stretchable iontronics
Authors: Park Jae-Man , Lim Sungsoo , Sun Jeong-Yun
Published: August 2022

By classifying stretchable ionic materials into three types of components (ionic conductors, ionic semiconductors, and ionic insulators), we summarized materials development in stretchable iontronics in terms of molecular interactions.
Fast photoactuation of elastic crystals based on 3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-2-phenylacrylonitriles triggered by subtle photoisomerization
Authors: Liu Cheng , Ye Kaiqi , Wei Zhonglin , Peng Jiang , Xiao Huan , Sun Jingbo , Lu Ran
Published: August 2022

The subtle photoisomerization of diarylacrylonitrile crystals can trigger rapid and significant mechanical motion, during which the crystal integrity is retained, favoring reversible bending and unbending for more than 100 times without fatigue.
Effect of α-helical domain of Gi/o α subunit on GDP/GTP turnover
Authors: Kim Hee Ryung , Ahn Donghoon , Jo Jae Beom , Chung Ka Young
Published: August 2022

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are composed of α, β, and γ subunits, and Gα has a GDP/GTP-binding pocket. When a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) interacts with Gα, GDP is released, and GTP interacts to Gα. The GTP-bound activated Gα dissociates from GEF and Gβγ, mediating the induction of various intracellular signaling pathways. Depending on the sequence similarity and cellular function, Gα subunits are subcategorized into four subfamilies: Gαi/o, Gαs, Gαq/11, and Gα12/13. Although the Gαi/o subtype family proteins, Gαi3 and GαoA, share similar sequences and functions, they differ in their GDP/GTP turnover profiles, with GαoA possessing faster rates than Gαi3. The structural factors responsible for these differences remain unknown. In this study, we employed hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and mutational studies to investigate the factors responsible for these functional differences. The Gα subunit consists of a Ras-like domain (RD) and an α-helical domain (AHD). The RD has GTPase activity and receptor-binding and effector-binding regions; however, the function of the AHD has not yet been extensively studied. In this study, the chimeric construct containing the RD of Gαi3 and the AHD of GαoA showed a GDP/GTP turnover profile similar to that of GαoA, suggesting that the AHD is the major regulator of the GDP/GTP turnover profile. Additionally, site-directed mutagenesis revealed the importance of the N-terminal part of αA and αA/αB loops in the AHD for the GDP/GTP exchange. These results suggest that the AHD regulates the nucleotide exchange rate within the Gα subfamily.
Convolutional non‐local spatial‐temporal learning for multi‐modality action recognition
Authors: Ren Ziliang , Yuan Huaqiang , Wei Wenhong , Zhao Tiezhu , Zhang Qieshi
Published: August 2022

Traditional deep convolutional networks have shown that both RGB and depth are complementary for video action recognition. However, it is difficult to enhance the action recognition accuracy because of the limitation of the single convolutional networks to extract the underlying relationship and complementary features between these two kinds of modalities. The authors proposed a novel two stream convolutional networks for multi‐modality action recognition by joint optimisation learning to extract global features from RGB and depth sequences. Specifically, a non‐local multi‐modality compensation block is introduced to learn the semantic fusion features for the recognition performance. Experimental results on two multi‐modality human action datasets, including NTU RGB+D 120 and PKU‐MMD dataset, verify the effectiveness of our proposed recognition framework and demonstrate that the proposed non‐local multi‐modality compensation block can learn complementary features and enhance the recognition accuracy.
Attribute coordinate system‐based representation and application method of affective cognition
Authors: Zhou Ruqi , Chang Huiyou , Lu Yonghe
Published: August 2022

The traditional fuzzy Petri nets (FPNs) rarely contain the affective features when making reasoning decisions, primarily because the existing affective computing model is not suitable to be described directly in FPNs. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces an attribute coordinate system and puts forward the affective representation and computing model based on the extraction and integration relationship between the attributes of things, which describes the affective change curve according to the cognition of the thinking subject to the attributes of the decision object. With this new model of affective computing, it is more convenient to utilize a qualitative mapping model and fuzzy qualitative judgment rules to express affective decisions and conveniently describe affective attributes in FPNs. A reasoning decision case illustrates the proposed method's feasibility and advantages.
Prediction method of line loss rate in low‐voltage distribution network based on multi‐dimensional information matrix and dimensional attention mechanism‐long‐and short‐term time‐series network
Authors: Zhang Zhanlong , Yang Yu , Zhao Hui , Xiao Rui
Published: August 2022

Line loss accounts for most of the energy loss in low‐voltage distribution network. Accurate prediction of line loss rate (LLR) is of great significance to eliminate abnormal transmission line faults in time and ensure power supply safety. The existing prediction methods for LLR seldom consider the seasonal trend data that affect it, and there is a hysteresis effect in predicting non‐stationary line loss sequences. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a prediction method based on multi‐dimensional information matrix and dimensional attention mechanism‐long‐and short‐term time‐series network (DAM‐LSTNet). Firstly, the maximum information coefficient (MIC) method is used to screen the distribution network characteristics and seasonal trend parameters. Secondly, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method optimized by the genetic algorithm is used to decompose the historical line loss data and form a multi‐dimensional information matrix with the screened characteristic parameters of the network. Finally, the multi‐dimensional information matrix is put into the LSTNet network with dimensional attention mechanism to predict the LLR. The example analysis shows that compared with the existing methods, it has the advantages of sufficient consideration of prediction parameters, adaptive changes of prediction weights, weak hysteresis effect and high prediction accuracy.
A novel microgrid power quality assessment model based on multivariate Gaussian distribution and local sensitivity analysis
Authors: Shi HongTao , Su Gang , Pan Juntao , Feng Kun , Zhou Jian
Published: August 2022

The reasonable power quality assessment model of microgrid is significant to the planning and management for a microgrid. In the power quality assessment, how to extract and integrate the implicative information in different evaluation indicators, to realize the comprehensive power quality assessment, are needs to be further studied. To solve the above problems, a microgrid power quality assessment model based on multivariate Gaussian distribution and local sensitivity analysis is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the probability density function is used to integrate the individual assessment indicators, and the correlation between the assessment indicators is reflected by the covariance matrix, and then the above characteristics of evaluation indicators are quantized to be as the indicator weights by using the local sensitivity. Comparing with the traditional power quality assessment method, the proposed evaluation model is more suitable for microgrid. Finally, an example is developed to verify that the overall situation of microgrid power quality can be reasonably reflected by the proposed evaluation model.
Improved active power control of virtual synchronous generator for enhancing transient stability
Authors: Li Kongyuan , Cheng Peng , Wang Letian , Tian Xinshou , Ma Jing , Jia Limin
Published: August 2022

Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) are widely used as grid‐forming control converters in the inverter‐dominated power system. Similar to synchronous generators (SGs), there would also be transient instability of VSGs under certain conditions. In this paper, the transient dynamics of VSGs during gird faults are fully investigated based on the large‐signal model. It is revealed that the significant deteriorative of active power control loop (APCL) is the main factor on the transient stability of VSGs. Thus, for enhancing transient stability during grid faults, an integrator‐based feedback loop is introduced for APCL. Then, an enhanced active power control of VSGs is presented with transient stability enhancement during grid faults. Moreover, the impacts of different integral parameters on the transient stability of VSGs are studied. Finally, the validity of the transient stability enhancement of VSGs is demonstrated by the hardware‐in‐loop (HIL) results.
Persistent homology in cosmic shear
Authors: Heydenreich Sven , Brück Benjamin , Burger Pierre , Harnois-Déraps Joachim , Unruh Sandra , Castro Tiago , Dolag Klaus , Martinet Nicolas
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate how to use persistent homology for cosmological parameter inference in a tomographic cosmic shear survey. We obtain the first cosmological parameter constraints from persistent homology by applying our method to the first-year data of the Dark Energy Survey. To obtain these constraints, we analyse the topological structure of the matter distribution by extracting persistence diagrams from signal-to-noise maps of aperture masses. This presents a natural extension to the widely used peak count statistics. Extracting the persistence diagrams from the cosmo-SLICS, a suite ofN-body simulations with variable cosmological parameters, we interpolate the signal using Gaussian processes and marginalise over the most relevant systematic effects, including intrinsic alignments and baryonic effects. For the structure growth parameter, we findS8 = 0.747−0.031+0.025, which is in full agreement with other late-time probes. We also constrain the intrinsic alignment parameter toA = 1.54 ± 0.52, which constitutes a detection of the intrinsic alignment effect at almost 3σ.
Cyclic changes in the interacting binary RX Cassiopeiae
Authors: Mennickent R. E. , Djurašević G. , Petrović J. , Gorrini P. , Burgos F. , Jurkovic M. I. , Magalhaes A. M. , Schleicher D. , Calderón P.
Published: August 2022

We analyzed 109 years of published photometry and times of minima of the eclipsing interacting binary RX Cas. The inclusion of 171 previously unnoticed minima confirms the tendency of an increase in the orbital period at a rate of 1.84 s per cycle. We also find evidence of variations in the length of the previously reported long photometric cycle and changes in the shape of the orbital light curve. By modeling the orbital light curves at different epochs, and assuming symmetry in the system physical conditions during the first and second halves of the long cycle, we find that the changes in the orbital light curve can be explained by variations in the physical properties of the accretion disk. We find that epochs of maximum brightness are those of thicker and hotter disks. In addition, we explore the evolutionary history of the system using the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics code and find that the binary can be the result of nonconservative evolution of two stars of very similar initial mass (around 5.5M⊙) and orbital period of 4 days, although less massive and conservative models of longer starting orbital periods cannot be discarded.
IRIS burst properties in active regions
Authors: Nelson C. J. , Kleint L.
Published: August 2022

Context. Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) bursts are localised features thought to be driven by magnetic reconnection. Although these events are well-studied, it remains unknown whether their properties vary as their host active regions (ARs) evolve.

Aims. In this article, we aim to understand whether the measurable properties (e.g. frequency, area, location, spectral characteristics) of IRIS bursts are consistent during the evolution of their host ARs.

Methods. We study 42 dense 400-step rasters sampled by IRIS. These rasters each covered one of seven ARs, with each AR being sampled at least four times over a minimum of 48 h. An automated IRIS burst detection algorithm is used to identify IRIS burst profiles in this work. Data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory’s Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager are also used to provide context about the co-spatial line-of-sight magnetic field.

Results. Of the rasters studied, 36 (86%) were found to contain IRIS burst profiles. Five ARs (11850, 11909, 11916, 12104, and 12139) contained IRIS burst profiles in each raster that sampled them whilst one AR (11871) was found to contain no IRIS burst profiles at any time. A total of 4019 IRIS burst profiles belonging to 752 connected objects, which we define as parent IRIS bursts, were studied. IRIS burst profiles were only detected within compact regions in each raster, with these regions appearing to increase in size as the host ARs aged. No systematic changes in the frequency of IRIS burst profiles or the spectral characteristic of IRIS burst profiles through time were found for these ARs. Finally, 93% of parent IRIS bursts with areas between 1 arcsec2 and 4 arcsec2 were observed to occur co-spatial to bi-poles in the photosphere.

Conclusions. IRIS bursts are small-scale brightenings which have remarkably consistent spectral and spatial properties throughout the evolution of ARs. These events predominantly form within the cores of larger and more complex ARs, with the regions containing these events appearing to increase in size as the host region itself evolves.
Manipulation of Stroke Rate in Swimming: Effects on Oxygen Uptake
Kinetics
Authors: Franken Marcos , Figueiredo Pedro , De Assis Correia Ricardo , Feitosa Wellington Gomes , Lazzari Caetano Decian , Diefenthaeler Fernando , Castro Flávio Souza
Published: August 2022

The study aimed to assess the effect of different front crawl stroke rates (SRs)
in the oxygen uptake (̇VO2) kinetics and ̇VO2 peak, the total time to
exhaustion (TTE), and blood lactate concentration ([La]) at 95% of the
400-m front crawl test (T400) mean speed (S400). Twelve endurance swimmers
performed a T400 and four trials at 95% of the S400: (i) free SR, (ii)
fixed SR (100% of the average free SR trial), (iii) reduced SR
(90% of the average free SR trial), and (iv) increased SR (110%
of the average free SR trial). ̇VO2 was accessed continuously
with breath-by-breath analysis. The results highlighted: (i) the time constant
at increased SR (13.3±4.2 s) was lower than in the reduced SR
condition (19.5±2.6 s); (ii) the amplitude of the primary phase
of ̇VO2 kinetics in the fixed SR
(44.0±5.8 ml·kg-1·min-1)
was higher than in the increased SR condition
(39.5±6.4 ml·kg-1·min-1);
and (iii) TTE was lower in the fixed SR (396.1±189.7 s) than the
increased SR condition (743.0±340.0 s). The results indicate
that controlled SR could be considered a swimming training strategy, focusing on
physiological parameters overload.
Challenges and Controversies in the Management of Tuberculous Meningitis with Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Review and Sarawak Institution's Experience
Authors: Yiek Siew-Hong , Wong Albert Sii-Hieng
Published: August 2022

Introduction To date, there are no standard practice guidelines available and no universal consensus regarding treatment protocol in management of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) with hydrocephalus. Over the years, diverse views have existed in neurosurgical management of TBM with hydrocephalus. Some authors advocate ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt, while others suggest that external ventricular drainage (EVD) may be the preferable neurosurgical procedure for a poor-grade patient.

Method We systematically reviewed published literature and presented our institution's experience. We performed a retrospective case study in our Sarawak neurosurgical center from 2018 to 2020. We tabulated the outcome according to preoperative classifications, which were Vellore Grading (VG), Modified Vellore Grading (MVG), British Medical Research Council Classification (MRC), and others: author-defined.

Result In our center, there were 20 cases of TBM with hydrocephalus treated by EVD and VP shunt from 2018 to 2020. We systematically searched published medical literature, and 23 articles were retrieved and analyzed. Poor outcomes were observed in poor-grade patients, especially VG/MVG 3/4 and MRC 3, from both institution and systemic review data. Shunt complication rate was lower in our center as compared with published literature.

Conclusion Unfortunately, morbidity and mortality were approximately twofold higher in poor-grade as compared with good-grade patients. However, about one-third of poor-grade patients achieved a good outcome. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion would be an unavoidable treatment for hydrocephalus. Poor-grade patients tend to have cerebral infarcts in addition to hydrocephalus. An extended duration of EVD placement could be a potential measure to assess Glasgow coma scale recovery and monitor serial CSF samples.
The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hussain Md Sadique , Sharma Ganesh
Published: August 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that produces respiratory symptoms and has serious consequences for people's cardiovascular systems (CVS). It is a severe issue and a major task not only for health care experts but also for governments to contain this pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the human coronavirus family to be implicated in this zoonotic outbreak. COVID-19's CV interactions are comparable to those of SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), and influenza. Those who have COVID-19 and underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are at a higher risk of serious illness and mortality, and disease has been linked to several direct and indirect CV consequences. COVID-19 causes CVDs such as arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, myocarditis, stress-cardiomyopathy, and acute myocardial damage (AMD) as a consequence of acute coronary syndrome. The provision of CV care may expose health care professionals to risk as they become hosts or vectors of viral transmission. It binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor, causing constitutional and pulmonary signs in the beginning, and then as the infection advances, it affects other organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, CVS, neurological system, and so on. COVID-19 mortality is increased by underlying CVDs comorbidities.
The Prediction of Fissure Integrity by Quantitative Computed Tomography Analysis
Authors: Noro Antonio , Natale Giovanni , Messina Gaetana , Leonardi Beatrice , Rainone Anna , Santini Mario , Fiorelli Alfonso
Published: August 2022

Background Incomplete interlobar fissure may increase the difficulty of thoracoscopic lobectomy. Herein, we compared the accuracy of visual versus quantitative analysis to predict fissure integrity in lung cancer patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy and evaluated the effects of fissure integrity on surgical outcome.

Methods This was a single-center retrospective study including consecutive patients undergoing VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) lobectomy for lung cancer. The target interlobar fissures were classified as complete or incomplete by visual and quantitative analysis. Using the intraoperative finding as the reference method, the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods to define fissure completeness (dependent variable) was calculated and statistically compared. Yet, we evaluated differences in postoperative outcomes between patients with complete and incomplete fissure integrity.

Results A total of 93 patients were included in the study; 33/93 (36%) presented complete fissure. Visual and quantitative analyses correctly identified complete fissure in 19/33 (57%) and 29/33 (88%) patients, respectively, and incomplete fissure in 56/60 (93%) and 58/60 (96%) patients, respectively. Quantitative analysis had better diagnostic accuracy than visual analysis (81 vs. 93%; p = 0.01). Patients with incomplete fissure compared with those with complete fissure had a higher conversion rate (6 vs. 13%; p = 0.43), higher persistent air leak rate (0/33 vs. 14/60; p = 0.03), and longer hospitalization (12.6 ± 3.8 vs. 7.1 ± 2.4 days; p = 0.01).

Conclusion Quantitative analysis accurately predicted the fissures' integrity; it may be useful for selecting suitable cases for thoracoscopic lobectomy especially for surgeons with limited minimally invasive experience.
Massive Embolism: Knife versus PCI
Authors: Tohme Scarlett , Newman Joshua S. , Gasparis Christopher , Manetta Frank
Published: August 2022

Pulmonary embolism is the third most common cardiovascular syndrome with an estimated up to 25% of patients presenting with sudden death. For those who survive, a mainstay of management for patients with hemodynamic stability is anticoagulation; however, recommendations and options are rapidly changing for patients with submassive or massive pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic instability. Catheter-based and surgical approaches offer efficacious management options for unstable patients or patients with contraindications to anticoagulation; however, both approaches have inherent benefits and risk. This article seeks to offer a brief review on the recommendations and options for management of pulmonary embolism from both surgical and catheter-based perspectives.
A feminist translation approach in twentieth-century China: Bing Xin’s 《园丁集》translation of The Gardener by Tagore
Authors: Ji Zhinan , Xiangchun Meng
Published: August 2022

Among modern Chinese female writers and translators, Bing Xin is considered an elite pioneer and leader of the May Fourth/New Culture Movement. Through a sentimental and feminist writing style, she showcases her own voice and distinctive features. With anti-patriarchal philosophy and creative literary rhetoric, Bing Xin’s translation of literature reflects femininity and globality. Her seminal translated work《园丁集》 (Yuan Ding Ji or Yuan Ding Collected Poems), the Chinese translation of the poetry collection The Gardener by Rabindranath Tagore, is a product of appreciation and appropriation, as well as rewriting and recreation. Using case study as a research methodology and the method of textual analysis and commentary of Bing Xin’s translated sources in comparison with primary sources from Tagore’s work, this project focuses on how Bing Xin applies typical feminist translation strategies in certain excerpts from The Gardener, serving as a reflection of her feminist consciousness as well as a correction of the potentially unintended patriarchal tendencies of Tagore. By commenting on her translation tactics and their effects and implications, this paper traces Bing Xin’s endeavour to fight the subordinated status of women and of the translation. It aims to contribute to both gender studies and critique on translation theory and practice.
Incompressible Euler–Poisson limit of the Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system
Authors: Wu Weijun , Zhou Fujun , Li Yongsheng
Published: August 2022

This paper is to justify the incompressible Euler–Poisson limit of the Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system in the incompressible hyperbolic regime. The proof is based on a new Hx,v1−Wx,v1,∞ framework, which consists of the Hx,v1 energy estimate and the weighted Wx,v1,∞ estimate of the Vlasov–Poisson–Boltzmann system.
Finite genus solutions of the generalized Merola–Ragnisco–Tu lattice hierarchy
Authors: Wei Jiao , Geng Xianguo , Wang Xin , Zhai Yunyun
Published: August 2022

Resorting to the zero-curvature equation and the Lenard recursion equations, the generalized Merola–Ragnisco–Tu lattice hierarchy associated with a 3 × 3 discrete matrix spectral problem is derived. With the aid of the characteristic polynomial of the Lax matrix for the generalized Merola–Ragnisco–Tu lattice hierarchy, a trigonal curve is defined, on which we construct the Baker–Akhiezer function, two meromorphic functions, three kinds of Abelian differentials, and Riemann theta function. By analyzing the asymptotic properties of the Baker–Akhiezer function and two meromorphic functions, especially their asymptotic expansions near three infinite points and three zero points, we obtain their essential singularities and divisors. Finally, we obtain the finite genus solutions of the generalized Merola–Ragnisco–Tu lattice hierarchy in terms of the Riemann theta function.
A compact pulsed power driver with precisely shaped current waveforms for magnetically driven loading experiments
Authors: Chen Xuemiao , Luo Binqiang , Zhang Xuping , Wang Guiji , Tan Fuli , Shui Rongjie , Xu Chao , Wu Gang , Ma Xiao , Zhao Jianheng , Liu Cangli , Sun Chengwei , Zhang Linwen
Published: August 2022

Magnetically driven loading techniques based on high current pulsed power drivers are very important tools for researching material dynamic behaviors and high-pressure physics. Based on the technologies of a Marx generator energy storage and low impedance coaxial cable energy transmission, a compact high current pulsed power driver CQ-7 was developed and established at the Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, which can generate precisely shaped current waveforms for magnetically driven loading experiments. CQ-7 is composed of 256 two-stage Marx generators in parallel with low impedance, high voltage coaxial cables for current output. The 256 Marx generators are divided into 16 groups, and each separate group can be individually triggered to discharge and shape currents in sequence by a low jitter, high voltage pulse trigger with 16 output signals. The electrical parameters of CQ-7 are a capacitance of 20.48 µF, an inductance of 4.12 nH, and a resistance of 3.35 mΩ in a short circuit. When working at the charging voltage of ±40–±60 kV, CQ-7 can deliver a peak current from 5 to 7 MA to the short-circuit loads with a rising time of 400–700 ns at different discharging time sequences. Two different experiments were conducted to test the performance of CQ-7: magnetically driven high velocity flyer plates and solid liner implosion. The results show that CQ-7 can accelerate the aluminum flyer plate with a size of 12 × 8 × 1 mm3 to more than 7.5 km/s and uniformly drive the aluminum liner with an inner diameter of 6.2 mm and a thickness of 0.4 mm to more than 9.5 km/s. Furthermore, these experiments indicate that CQ-7 is a robust platform for material dynamics and high-pressure physics.
Calibration and performance characterization of a Mach 5 Ludwieg tube
Authors: Bearden Kyle P. , Padilla Victor E. , Taubert Lutz , Craig Stuart A.
Published: August 2022

Calibration, commissioning, and design features of a new Mach 5 Ludwieg Tube wind tunnel at the University of Arizona are discussed. Mach number uniformity and free-stream noise levels are measured using a Pitot rake at a range of unit Reynolds numbers and at multiple spanwise and streamwise positions. The wind tunnel is shown to have a free-stream Mach number of 4.82 with maximum variance less than 0.8% (and less than 0.5% at most streamwise positions). The average free-stream acoustic noise level in the core (based on Pitot pressure) is shown to be less than 1.2% at an intermediate Reynolds number with some regions dropping locally below 1.0%. The core flow region is measured to be 282.4 mm (11.1 in.) in diameter at the nozzle exit.
Linear instability of a surfactant-laden shear imposed falling film over an inclined porous bed
Authors: Hossain Md. Mouzakkir , Ghosh Sukhendu , Behera Harekrushna
Published: August 2022

The influence of externally imposed shear on a surfactant-laden gravity-driven fluid flow over an inclined porous substrate is studied using the linear perturbation theory. The hydrodynamic instability of the flow system corresponding to infinitesimal disturbances is examined in the framework of the Orr–Sommerfeld (OS) boundary value problem. Furthermore, the generalized OS model is obtained by including the Marangoni stress and external shear on the flow dynamics. The formulated stability problem is solved as an eigenvalue problem by the Chebyshev spectral collocation technique. The analysis encounters the existence of different classes of unstable modes, namely, the surface, surfactant, and shear modes. The surface mode instability occurs in the low range of Reynolds number and is the dominant mode of instability in particular parameter ranges. The imposed shear at the top surface along and opposite to the flow direction induces possible destabilization and stabilization of the flow, respectively. The permeability and porosity of the porous medium have a mixed impact on the surface mode instability. The temporal growth rate of the surface mode enhances for a thicker porous medium. The surface mode of the flow contaminated by an insoluble surfactant is less unstable than that of the clean free surface flow. This is due to the co-existence of the damped surfactant mode together with the unstable surface mode. On the other hand, the shear mode instability is identified at higher Reynolds numbers for a very small inclination angle, and the shear mode propagates faster for stronger imposed shear in the downstream direction. This trend is reversed for the upstream imposed shear. Moreover, the Marangoni effects exhibit the stabilizing influence on the shear mode. Conclusively, the external shear force would be helpful in regulating the instability of the surfactant-laden film flow down a porous medium.
Single G centers in silicon fabricated by co-implantation with carbon and proton
Authors: Baron Yoann , Durand Alrik , Herzig Tobias , Khoury Mario , Pezzagna Sébastien , Meijer Jan , Robert-Philip Isabelle , Abbarchi Marco , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Reboh Shay , Gérard Jean-Michel , Jacques Vincent , Cassabois Guillaume , Dréau Anaïs
Published: August 2022

We report the fabrication of isolated G centers in silicon with single photon emission at optical telecommunication wavelengths. Our sample is made from a silicon-on-insulator wafer, which is locally implanted with carbon ions and protons at various fluences. Decreasing the implantation fluences enables us to gradually switch from large ensembles to isolated single defects, reaching areal densities of G centers down to ∼0.2 μm−2. Single defect creation is demonstrated by photon antibunching in intensity-correlation experiments, thus establishing our approach as an effective procedure for generating single artificial atoms in silicon for future quantum technologies.
An improved shock wave capturing method in high Mach numbers
Authors: Maeda Yosei , Hiejima Toshihiko
Published: August 2022

This study describes an improved scheme that can suppress numerical instabilities caused by calculating strong shock waves at high Mach numbers. The current scheme combines a clear detection of shock waves based on a sonic point condition with a hybrid numerical flux used in a dissipative scheme and a low-precision interpolation only near shock waves. This scheme is easily obtained by combining existing schemes often used in hypersonic flows. Its performance in a two-dimensional system is compared to existing schemes using two inviscid flows at Mach numbers 15 and 20. The results show that the scheme outperforms existing schemes in terms of improving accuracy around shock waves. It is also discovered that this scheme can prevent nonphysical numerical oscillations caused by a mismatch between grid and local-shock forms. The significance of the scheme is demonstrated in the interaction field between the normal shock wave and the boundary layer in competition between viscosity and numerical dissipations. Therefore, the current scheme is useful in a high-Mach-number problem.
GPUMD: A package for constructing accurate machine-learned potentials and performing highly efficient atomistic simulations
Authors: Fan Zheyong , Wang Yanzhou , Ying Penghua , Song Keke , Wang Junjie , Wang Yong , Zeng Zezhu , Xu Ke , Lindgren Eric , Rahm J. Magnus , Gabourie Alexander J. , Liu Jiahui , Dong Haikuan , Wu Jianyang , Chen Yue , Zhong Zheng , Sun Jian , Erhart Paul , Su Yanjing , Ala-Nissila Tapio
Published: August 2022

We present our latest advancements of machine-learned potentials (MLPs) based on the neuroevolution potential (NEP) framework introduced in Fan et al. [Phys. Rev. B 104, 104309 (2021)] and their implementation in the open-source package gpumd. We increase the accuracy of NEP models both by improving the radial functions in the atomic-environment descriptor using a linear combination of Chebyshev basis functions and by extending the angular descriptor with some four-body and five-body contributions as in the atomic cluster expansion approach. We also detail our efficient implementation of the NEP approach in graphics processing units as well as our workflow for the construction of NEP models and demonstrate their application in large-scale atomistic simulations. By comparing to state-of-the-art MLPs, we show that the NEP approach not only achieves above-average accuracy but also is far more computationally efficient. These results demonstrate that the gpumd package is a promising tool for solving challenging problems requiring highly accurate, large-scale atomistic simulations. To enable the construction of MLPs using a minimal training set, we propose an active-learning scheme based on the latent space of a pre-trained NEP model. Finally, we introduce three separate Python packages, viz., gpyumd, calorine, and pynep, that enable the integration of gpumd into Python workflows.
Cavitation bubble dynamics in a funnel-shaped tube
Authors: Ren Zibo , Li Bo , Xu Peng , Wakata Yuki , Liu Jing , Sun Chao , Zuo Zhigang , Liu Shuhong
Published: August 2022

Control of cavitation in confining geometries is vital to the safety of hydraulic conduits and structures. Here, we investigate cavitation bubble dynamics in one typical type of open-ended tube with varying cross sections, i.e., a funnel-shaped tube, defined as a funnel-shaped section connected to a cylindrical section. In our experiments, single cavitation bubbles are generated by spark along the symmetric axis of the funnel-shaped tube at different positions, including in the funnel-shaped section (regime 1), near the throat (regime 2), and in the cylindrical section (regime 3). With high-speed photography, we observe that at the end of collapse, bubbles produce weak jets in regime 1, jets in a shape of an inverted cone in regime 2, and jets in a cylindrical shape with a rounded end in regime 3. With the help of OpenFOAM simulation, we better understand the surrounding flow fields during the bubble evolution. By capturing the main features of the flow fields, we derive dynamics equations for bubbles in each regime. Scaling laws are proposed for the bubble jet velocity, which depends on the position of bubble generation, the inner diameter of the cylindrical section of the tube, and the maximum distance where the bubble's upper surface can reach before the collapse. Our findings may be inspiring for understanding cavitation bubble dynamics in tubular conduits with complex geometries, e.g., cavitation in pipelines and draft tubes in hydrodynamic systems, and ultrasonic diagnosis in blood vessels.