bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A strategic marketing intelligence and multi‐organisational resilience framework
Authors: Trim Peter R.J. , Lee Yang‐Im
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The paper seeks to explain how competitive intelligence officers can participate more fully in strategy formulation and implementation, and how they can contribute to the strategic intelligence process.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper presents a review of the literature and the development of a strategic marketing intelligence and multi‐organisational resilience framework.

Findings

Competitive intelligence officers can contribute more fully to the strategic intelligence process and help establish an intelligence culture that incorporates counter‐intelligence. By adopting a broader understanding of what strategic marketing represents, marketing managers can devise new approaches to managing customer relationships and can develop international/global brand positioning strategies that when implemented counter the actions of legitimate competitors and new entrants, and disrupt the actions of counterfeiters and fraudsters.

Research limitations/implications

A study can be undertaken to establish how a multi‐organisational resilience value system evolves within an organisation, and how trust and credibility among competitive intelligence professionals can be developed.

Practical implications

Academics and practitioners can collaborate in order to establish how an intelligence culture can be created within an organisation. Furthermore, they can also collaborate in establishing how a proactive approach to risk assessment can underpin scenario analysis and planning and aid the strategic decision‐making process.

Originality/value

A number of insights are provided into how competitive intelligence officers contribute to the development of a multi‐organisational resilience value system that is underpinned by an intelligence culture.
Competitive intelligence: a multiphasic precedent to marketing strategy
Authors: Dishman Paul L. , Calof Jonathan L.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The paper seeks to explore competitive intelligence as a complex business construct and as a precedent for marketing strategy formulation.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 1,025 executives were surveyed about their companies' usage of competitive intelligence collection, analysis, and dissemination as well as their perception concerning certain organizational characteristics.

Findings

This research develops and tests intelligence as a precedent to marketing strategy formulation, revealing multiple phases and contributing aspects within the process. It also discovers that the practice of competitive intelligence, while strong in the area of information collection, is weak from a process and analytical perspective.

Research limitations/implications

While the sample was indeed a census of Canadian technology firms, care must be taken in generalizing the study beyond this industry, and certainly beyond the Canadian borders. Also, the questionnaire used only dichotomous variables (yes/no answers), which limited the testing that could be done.

Practical implications

Using these results, competitive intelligence departments and professionals can improve efficacy within their approach and execution strategies.

Originality/value

The contribution of this paper is two‐fold. It reveals many of the “state‐of‐the‐art” levels of practice within current competitive intelligence efforts, and it proposes a model of the intelligence process.
Competitive intelligence information and innovation in small Canadian firms
Authors: Tanev Stoyan , Bailetti Tony
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The paper seeks to examine the relationship between the number of competitive intelligence (CI) information topics used by small Canadian firms and their innovation performance, measured by the number of newly launched products, processes and services.

Design/methodology/approach

A CI information framework was applied including 42 information topics classified into four groups, i.e. industry, competitors, customers and firm. The 45 firms in the sample were classified into three types, i.e. new technology‐based, specialized supplier, and service firms. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the relationship between CI information and innovation.

Findings

Analysis of the results suggested that there was a clear relationship between the CI information firms used and their innovation performance, specialized suppliers firms were the most efficient users of CI information, information about industry and competitors was the least used but highly relevant for firms' innovation performance, and information about customers was found to be highly used and relevant for the innovation of all firms.

Practical implications

The methodological validation of the CI information framework could help executive managers in the development of analytical tools enhancing the role of CI for new product/process/service launch.

Originality/value

The results demonstrate the need for using appropriate firm classifications and in depth statistical analysis when studying the relationship between CI information and innovation.
An illustration of Bayes' theorem and its use as a decision‐making aid for competitive intelligence and marketing analysts
Authors: Michaeli Rainer , Simon Lothar
Published: August 2008

Purpose

This paper is intended to enable competitive intelligence practitioners using an important method for everyday work when confronted with conditional uncertainties: the Bayes' theorem.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper shows how the mathematical concept of the Bayes theorem applies to competitive intelligence problems. The main approach is to illustrate the concepts by a near‐real world example. The paper also provides background for further reading, especially for psychological problems connected with Bayes' theorem.

Findings

The main finding is that conditional uncertainties represent a common problem in competitive intelligence. They should be computed explicitly rather than estimated intuitively. Otherwise, serious misinterpretations and complete project failures might follow.

Research limitations/implications

In psychological literature it is a known fact that conditional uncertainties sometimes cannot be handled correctly. Conditional uncertainties seem to be handled well when they are about human properties. This should be verified or falsified in the competitive intelligence context.

Practical implications

In general, the application of Bayes' theorem should be seen as one of the foundations of competitive intelligence education. Especially, when it is clear in which intelligence research situations conditional uncertainties can or cannot be handled intuitively, competitive intelligence education and practice should be adapted to these findings.

Originality/value

CI practitioners can underestimate the value of Bayes' theorem in practice as they are often unaware of the (psychological) problems around handling conditional uncertainties intuitively. The article demonstrates how to take a computational approach to conditional uncertainties in CI projects. Thus, it can be used as part of appropriate CI training material.
Scanning for competitive intelligence: a managerial perspective
Authors: Qiu Tianjiao
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to advance and investigate empirically how entrepreneurial attitude and normative beliefs influence managerial scanning for competitive intelligence and how managerial scanning efforts subsequently impact managerial interpretation of organizations' strengths and weaknesses in the competitive arena.

Design/methodology/approach

A structural equation model was tested with survey data from 309 managers in the USA.

Findings

The results indicate that entrepreneurial attitude orientation and market orientation significantly impact managerial scanning for competitive intelligence, which in turn leads to managerial representations of competitive advantage.

Research limitations/implications

This paper demonstrates that scanning for competitive intelligence is more an entrepreneurial activity than a routine activity for managers, and that managerial scanning efforts can be maximized in highly market‐oriented organizations that value competitive intelligence collection and dissemination. Proactive scanning for competitive intelligence enables managers to develop a fuller picture of the superiority or deficiency of their organizations. Future research needs to address the inherent cyclicity of the managerial sense‐making process.

Originality/value

This paper is the first effort to examine empirically the scanning cycle – that is, the relationships between managerial business motivation, intelligence scanning and sense‐making. It offers strategic guides to both academicians and practitioners on how to achieve a better understanding of the complex and dynamic market through proactive scanning activities.
The role of insight teams in integrating diverse marketing information management techniques
Authors: Fleisher Craig S. , Wright Sheila , Allard Helen T.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The paper seeks to address the viability of planning and executing the integration of four often independent marketing information management techniques, i.e. competitive intelligence (CI), customer relationship management (CRM), data mining (DM) and market research (MR).

Design/methodology/approach

The research presented is a longitudinal, exploratory and descriptive case study, covering a three‐year period during a critical development phase of a medium‐size, national employer association which sought to improve the quality of marketing‐based insights to its strategic planning capability as well as improve economic outcomes.

Findings

It is possible to achieve profitable and capability enhancing integration of diverse marketing information management techniques. Successful integration and the use of a highly focused cross‐functional team generated better market strategies and bottom line benefits.

Practical implications

The need to generate greater insight from popular marketing information management and planning techniques is routinely experienced by marketing and other executive decision makers. This article provides a multi‐year roadmap of the successful execution of technique integration, including identifying barriers that arose as well as suggesting solutions for achieving progress.

Originality/value

There are very few case studies published that demonstrate the successful evolution and integration of CI, CRM, DM and MR into the enterprise's strategy‐making process. The unique element of this example is that it was achieved within the context of a medium‐sized, national, not‐for‐profit employer association.
Recruitment/selectors' perceptions of male and female trainee managers
Authors: Kniveton Bromley H.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether those involved with recruitment/selection (RS) react differently towards male and female trainee managers.

Design/methodology/approach

Measures of the perceptions towards trainee managers were collected from 440 managers and professionals involved in recruitment/selection (RS).

Findings

It was found that males were seen to have more stereotype male management characteristics than females. Female (RS) perceived female management trainees as possessing more male management characteristics than did male (RS).

Practical implications

The stereotype of the management trainee held by male (RS), with its emphasis on “male characteristics” would suggest females do face an unequal struggle in their careers. It is argued that male management characteristics, whilst possibly appropriate for organisations with a hierarchical structure, may not be as appropriate for the participatory organisational structure, which is becoming more common. Suggestions are made to help develop management skills for both male and female trainees.

Originality/value

This article gives the perceptions of people who recruit male and female trainee managers and will be of interest to employers and employees alike.
Strategic HRD practices as key factors in organizational learning
Authors: Tseng Chien‐Chi , McLean Gary N.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships among strategic HRD (SHRD) practices and organizational learning; and the relationships among organizational learning and HRD outcomes through a literature review.

Design/methodology/approach

Keywords were identified to use in the literature search: HRD, SHRD practices, and organizational learning. All of the several electronic databases available in the university's electronic library, including both journal and book sources, were used to search for resources, as well as Google Scholar and Google.

Findings

Organizations that learn and develop their SHRD practices have more opportunities to obtain and integrate the nine HRD outcomes in the learning process: organizational mission and goals, top management leadership, environmental scanning, HRD strategies and plans, strategic partnerships with line management, strategic partnerships with HRM, trainers as organizational change consultants, influence corporate culture, and emphasis on individual productivity and participation.

Research limitations/implications

The study was exploratory, based on a literature review. Empirical research is needed to examine why some SHRD practices, like culture recognition, environmental scanning, and organizational mission and goals, were suggested as key factors in organizational learning.

Practical implications

Instilling more SHRD practices through organizational learning may lead to more desired HRD outcomes.

Originality/value

The research constructs a conceptual framework to outline the relationships among SHRD practices and organizational learning. Value was created when strategic HRD practices were identified as key factors in organizational learning.
An historical analysis of HRD knowledge
Authors: Storberg‐Walker Julia , Bierema Laura L.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to analyze the historical development of HRD knowledge. The analysis aims to use the qualitative research technique of text deconstruction on an important management text from the human relations phase of organization theory. Deconstruction is not a common method to HRD. In this paper, HRD scholars interested in how HRD knowledge and theories are created are given this tool to expose implicit assumptions.

Design/methodology/approach

The article uses text deconstruction, based on Bradshaw.

Findings

The deconstruction identified several beliefs that suggest that Roethlisberger was operating from a masculine epistemological perspective. Two clusters of findings emerged: one cluster revolved around the role of the researcher, and the other cluster revolved around the role of gender.

Research limitations/implications

Postpositivist perspectives on knowledge generation and theory building in HRD are limited. Post‐structural analyses need to be considered.

Practical implications

The article exposes how a gendered history influenced HRD scholarship and practice, and provides suggestions for future scholarship and practice.

Originality/value

Legitimizes text deconstruction as an integral research tool for HRD.
Outward foreign direct investment and human capital development
Authors: McDonnell Anthony
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the pattern of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) by Irish MNCs, and more specifically, to investigate their approach to human capital development and how these correspond to foreign MNCs in Ireland. In particular, it seeks to investigate training and development expenditure, adoption of succession planning, use of formal development programmes for senior management “potential”, and also the presence of a specific “key group” development programme.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained through the largest, most representative study ever conducted on multinational companies (MNCs) in Ireland. The most senior human resources practitioner in these firms completed a questionnaire, through the personal interview medium, on various facets of their human resource management (HRM) practices. In total 260 usable interviews were completed equating to an overall response rate of 63 per cent. This represents a 78 per cent response rate for Irish MNCs, the primary focus of this paper, and 60 per cent for foreign MNCs.

Findings

Overall, Irish MNCs tend to compare favourably with their foreign counterparts in terms of the human capital development mechanisms examined. Only one statistically significant association was found regarding differences between Irish and foreign owned MNCs, Irish MNCs were found to be significantly less likely to have formal management development programmes.

Originality/value

The study is the first large scale, representative survey to be conducted on MNCs in Ireland helping to address the research lacuna on Irish owned MNCs.
Training for template creation: a performance improvement method
Authors: Lyons Paul
Published: August 2008

Purpose

There are three purposes to this article: first, to offer a training approach to employee learning and performance improvement that makes use of a step‐by‐step process of skill/knowledge creation. The process offers follow‐up opportunities for skill maintenance and improvement; second, to explain the conceptual bases of the approach; and third, to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach as it is applied in the field.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology consists of two major features: the explication of how the template approach is applied, in general; and then the performance of two groups of employees is compared following training. One group was trained in the template approach while the other group was trained using more traditional methods. Conventional performance measures were used to assess group differences.

Findings

Following training the two employee groups were compared. The hypotheses stated that there would be no differences in performance on these measures: gross sales attained; manager rating of employee performance; and customer satisfaction with regard to sales representative's; product knowledge; helpfulness in the business context; and overall performance. Significant differences were noted for manager rating, product knowledge, and overall performance.

Research limitations/implications

This study was exploratory in nature with a limited range of performance measures. The sample sizes were not large. The use of different pairs of trainers for the sub‐samples helps to dampen trainer bias but helps create differences in training conditions that could influence employee learning and performance.

Practical implications

Study results demonstrate that the training approach has merit and warrants further study. The study depicts how a partnership among trainers, managers, and employees can lead to successful training outcomes.

Originality/value

The training approach has substantial implications for management development regarding learning and change. The template approach adds to the repertoire of training methods. It also helps to reinforce the growing body of research that bases learning and performance improvement on script‐based methods.
Description of electrical machine windings in the finite element space
Authors: Demenko Andrzej
Published: August 2008

Purpose

This paper seeks to develop 3D finite element methods for the electromagnetic field calculation in electrical machines and to present the discrete methods of winding description.

Design/methodology/approach

The 3D finite element models of electrical machine windings are considered. Attention is paid to the windings with stranded conductors. The finite element equations are considered as the equations of magnetic networks. The formulation of matrix that transforms winding currents into the field sources is discussed. This matrix is also used in the calculations of flux linkages. In the proposed method, the winding loops are replaced by a set of plane loops. The field sources are defined by the numbers of these loops around the element edges and loops associated with element facets.

Findings

The presented description is the 3D finite element representation of MMF description used in the classical models of electrical machines. The advantage of the proposed approach is that the source description can be successfully applied in the FE method using single scalar potential. In addition, the presented approach guarantees a good convergence of ICCG procedure of solving edge element equations for ungauged formulation using magnetic vector potential.

Originality/value

The applied analogies between the finite element formulation and the equivalent magnetic network models help to formulate an efficient method of field source description. The developed method allows one to apply single magnetic scalar potential in the 3D finite element analysis of electrical machines.
Determination of critical thermal operations for high‐speed permanent magnet electrical machines
Authors: Kolondzovski Zlatko
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The thermal design of high‐speed electrical machines is a greater challenge in comparison with conventional electrical machines. When designing the machine, the calculated temperatures in all parts should be lower than their critical temperatures. This paper aims to perform thermal analysis for different rotor types according to the level of shield from eddy currents in order to achieve a safe thermal design of the machine.

Design/methodology/approach

The machine under study in the paper is a high‐speed permanent magnet (PM) motor designed for speed n=31,500 rpm and power P=130 kW. A thermal‐network method was used for thermal analysis of the machine.

Findings

The minimum value of the coolant flow in the air gap that provides an effective cooling of the machine was estimated. The coolant itself is not able to provide an effective cooling of the magnets if they are not shielded from eddy currents.

Research limitations/implications

The results are obtained only by the thermal‐network method. Numerical techniques and practical measurements for comparison and validation of the existing results should be implemented in future.

Practical implications

The paper offers useful practical information when a safe thermal design of a high‐speed PM electrical machine should be performed.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates how three different design types of a high‐speed PM electrical machine are thermally analysed in order to find out which type fulfils the rigorous thermal criteria. The practical significance of the paper is beneficial for the designers of high‐speed PM electrical machines.
High frequency electromagnetic emissions of cylindrical laminated cores
Authors: Duchesne Stéphane , Lecointe J‐Ph. , Périsse F. , Napieralska‐Juszczak Ewa
Published: August 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a high‐frequency (HF) model able to compute the flux density in the vicinity of the laminated stator core of an AC machine.

Design/methodology/approach

Experiments form the main approach. Analytical results previously obtained with a simplified rectangular laminated structure are confirmed with a standard cylindrical magnetic core.

Findings

Three frequency domains are defined, depending on the skin depth relative to the thickness of the magnetic sheets. A methodological approach is proposed for each domain. For higher frequencies, the magnetic core can be considered as transparent for external field computation.

Research limitations/implications

The HF model is valid for skin depths much lower than the thickness of the magnetic sheets.

Practical implications

The proposed HF model provides a link between the weak field measured in the natural void existing between the stator core and the housing of large electrical machines. With such a link, it is possible to develop a new monitoring system able to detect and to localize the partial discharges in the stator winding of a large machine.

Originality/value

The low‐frequency limit of the model has been measured. It corresponds to a ratio of 1/40 between the skin depth and the magnetic sheet thickness. Therefore this model offers a new perspective for maintenance applications.
Attenuation of magnetic field components through an AC machine stator
Authors: Thailly D. , Romary R. , Roger D. , Brudny J‐F.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

Non‐intrusive magnetic measurements in AC machines are possible with small flat coils stuck on the external surface of the housing of a running motor. The aim of the paper consists in determining transmission coefficients able to give a direct relationship between the weak external flux density and the airgap one.

Design/methodology/approach

An experimental approach shows that the decoupling principle can be applied. Transmission coefficients are determined separately for the stator yoke, the motor housing and the external air.

Findings

For low frequencies and a housing made of steel, eddy current can be neglected. The transmission coefficient depends strongly of the mode (number of poles) of the rotating field. Conversely, for higher harmonic ranks, the additional attenuation caused by eddy currents in the housing does not practically depend on the mode but is strongly dependant on the frequency.

Research limitations/implications

The transmission coefficients are determined considering a 2D electromagnetic model and several simplifying hypothesis. Experiments prove the validity of the proposed approach up to 550 Hz.

Practical implications

Up to now, many fault detection systems are based on the presence of additional harmonics in the external magnetic field spectrum. With the knowledge of simple transmission coefficients, an analysis of the variation of the magnitude of critical spectrum lines is now possible for a more precise fault detection in AC machines.

Originality/value

To the authors' knowledge, the only alternative way for the interpretation of external field measurements consist in using a numerical method with a full model of the machine which takes a lot of computation time. The proposed transmission coefficients provide a faster method valid for most of the interesting spectrum lines.
3D finite element analysis of skewed squirrel‐cage induction motor using novel mesh modification method
Authors: Kawase Yoshihiro , Yamaguchi Tadashi , Watanabe Masashi , Toida Naotaka , Zhipeng Tu , Minoshima Norimoto
Published: August 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to describe a novel 3D finite element mesh modification method for motors with the skewed rotor in detail, the method having been developed by solving the Laplace equation.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the mesh of the skewed squirrel‐cage induction motor created by the novel method, the torque, the bar‐current, the electrical losses and so on are analyzed by the 3D finite element method.

Findings

It was found that the torque ripple, the bar‐current ripple and the losses of the motor with the skewed rotor are smaller than those of the motor with the no‐skewed rotor. In addition, the validity of the analysis is clarified by comparing the calculated and the measured results.

Originality/value

The usefulness of the method is clarified by the 3D finite element analysis of a skewed squirrel‐cage induction motor.
Three‐phase distributed constants model of induction machines for EMC and surge propagation studies
Authors: Della Torre Francesco , Leva Sonia , Paolo Morando Adriano
Published: August 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a complete three‐phase distributed constants model of cable‐induction machine systems useful for EMC and overvoltages propagation studies.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper considers a three‐phase distributed constants model for the supply cable and a model of the same type for the induction machine. All the magneto‐electric links between phases are considered. The Clarke transform is applied in order to reduce the analytical complexity of the obtained model. A new numerical method is also proposed for the integration of the resulting whole three‐phase model, very similar, in terms of methodology, to the well‐known finite differences models.

Findings

The whole model for the three‐phase drives is used for EMC and overvoltages propagation studies. The proposed examples highlight how, thanks to the Clarke model, the dynamic analysis of the three‐phase drives in case of application of a standard fault source or an equivalent pulse width modulation (PWM) impulse, become easy to implement on a standard PC and with standard software (i.e. Matlab). The obtained results, compared with those that are presented in the literature, confirm the validity of the proposed model and numerical approach.

Originality/value

The developed model is of a three‐phase type because it is not possible to consider a single‐phase equivalent model in case of asymmetric voltage sources (i.e. asymmetric faults or PWM inverter voltage supply). The model also includes all the magneto‐electric couplings between phases that play a fundamental role in the considered applications.
Geometrical transformations and equivalent materials in computational electromagnetism
Authors: Nicolet A. , Zolla F. , Ould Agha Y. , Guenneau S.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to review various techniques used in computational electromagnetism such as the treatment of open problems, helicoidal geometries and the design of arbitrarily shaped invisibility cloaks. This seemingly heterogeneous list is unified by the concept of geometrical transformation that leads to equivalent materials. The practical set‐up is conveniently effected via the finite element method.

Design/methodology/approach

The change of coordinates is completely encapsulated in the material properties.

Findings

The most significant examples are the simple 2D treatment of helicoidal geometries and the design of arbitrarily shaped invisibility cloaks.

Originality/value

The paper provides a unifying point of view, bridging several techniques in electromagnetism.
Models for integrated components coupled with their EM environment
Authors: Ioan Daniel , Schilders Wil , Ciuprina Gabriela , van der Meijs Nick , Schoenmaker Wim
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The main aim of this study is the modelling of the interaction of on‐chip components with their electromagnetic environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The integrated circuit is decomposed in passive and active components interconnected by means of terminals and connectors which represent intentional and parasitic couplings of a capacitive and inductive nature. Reduced order models are extracted independently for each component.

Findings

The paper shows that one of the main theoretical problems encountered in the modelling of RF components is the difficulty to define a unique terminal voltage, independent of the integration path (this independence being a condition to allow the connection of the component in an electric circuit, where the voltage does not depend of the path shape). The concept of an electromagnetic circuit element that allows the interconnection between IC models is proposed as a solution for this drawback. The system is described either with EM field models, or by electric/magnetic circuits. By using the new concept of hooks, the EM interaction is described effectively with a reduced number of quantities.

Research limitations/implications

Since hooks have a virtual character, their identification is the result of an optimization procedure. By increasing their number the model accuracy is improved as also is the computational effort. The optimal automatic identification of electric and magnetic hooks is the subject of further research. Currently, the hooks are placed manually.

Practical implications

The modelling of IC components with hooks is part of a new methodology that takes a layout description of typical RF functional blocks that will operate at RF frequencies up to 60 GHz and transform them into sufficiently accurate, reliable electrical simulation models, taking EM coupling and variability into account. This will decrease extra design iterations, over‐dimensioning or complete failures in the design cycle of RF‐IC.

Originality/value

For the first time, the concept of magnetic terminals is used to describe interactions in RF integrated circuits. These EM “hooks” are defined in mathematical terms, as proper boundary conditions. The concept of hooks is also new. The proposed modeling methodology for EM coupling is also new. The paper is useful for nEDA designers.
Steady‐state performance analysis for hysteresis motor with magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Kurihara Kazumi , Kubota Tomotsugu
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel steady‐state performance analysis for the hysteresis motor whose rotor ring is made of Fe‐Cr‐Co magnet steel with magnetic anisotropy.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to analyze the motor performance at synchronous pull‐out, the finite‐element method is used, where hysteresis torque is obtained from the magnetic field analysis of the hysteresis motor with the isotropic magnet. The reluctance torque due to magnetic anisotropy can be obtained by using the difference of the B‐H hysteresis‐loop area between the anisotropic and isotropic magnets.

Findings

The good agreement between computed and measured performance in an experimental motor validates the proposed analysis.

Originality/value

The proposed method is quite useful for the design and analysis of the hysteresis motor with magnetic anisotropy.
Scalarizing cost‐effective multi‐objective optimization algorithms made possible with kriging
Authors: Hawe Glenn , Sykulski Jan
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is threefold: to make explicitly clear the range of efficient multi‐objective optimization algorithms which are available with kriging; to demonstrate a previously uninvestigated algorithm on an electromagnetic design problem; and to identify algorithms particularly worthy of investigation in this field.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper concentrates exclusively on scalarizing multi‐objective optimization algorithms. By reviewing the range of selection criteria based on kriging models for single‐objective optimization along with the range of methods available for transforming a multi‐objective optimization problem to a single‐objective problem, the family of scalarizing multi‐objective optimization algorithms is made explicitly clear.

Findings

One of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated on the multi‐objective design of an electron gun. It is able to identify efficiently an approximation to the Pareto‐optimal front.

Research limitations/implications

The algorithms proposed are applicable to unconstrained problems only. One future development is to incorporate constraint‐handling techniques from single‐objective optimization into the scalarizing algorithms.

Originality/value

A family of algorithms, most of which have not been explored before in the literature, is proposed. Algorithms of particular potential (utilizing the most promising developments in single‐objective optimization) are identified.
Modelling and simulation of stator winding inter‐turn faults in permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Ahmed Farooq Jawad , Raminosoa Tsarafidy , Djerdir Abdesslem , Miraoui Abdellatif
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a new model to study inter‐turn short circuit faults in a permanent magnet synchronous machine.

Design/methodology/approach

The machine is modeled by using classical two‐axis theory, and the equations are modified to take into account the stator inter‐turn faults. A state space form of the system is presented for dynamic simulations.

Findings

The machine model is global and can work in both normal and fault conditions due to a fictitious resistance in the winding circuit. Various simulation results have been presented indicating the fault instant and its corresponding effect. Validation is carried out by transient time finite element simulations.

Originality/value

The model can serve as a step towards development of fault detection and diagnosis algorithms.
Spectral analysis of permanent magnet electric machines
Authors: Witczak Pawel , Wawrzyniak Beata
Published: August 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to provide the mathematical background for representation of permanent magnet AC machines in terms of rotating magnetic field waves of any shape instead of being restricted to the sinusoidal. The general idea is to replace the inductances in the mathematical model of the machine by means of adequate time functions of the flux linkage.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of several 2D or 3D solutions obtained by the finite element (FE) approach, the set of basis functions is generated for further post‐processing. These functions enable fast and accurate computations of back EMF time shape at any load conditions, which in turn gives the instantaneous values of terminal quantities like torque or voltage, depending on the regime of interest.

Findings

The permanent magnet machine (PMM) has been represented by means of the traveling non‐dispersive waves of the flux density in the air gap rotating with specified group velocity. The conversion between distributions of the flux density in space and flux linkage in time is obtained through filtering in the spectral domain using 2D or 3D discrete Fourier transform. The change of magnetic saturation due to arbitrary value of the machine load is incorporated by the interpolation between known magnitudes of the basis functions at given a priori RMS values of phase currents. It has been proved that a sinusoidal field machine is particular to the presented theory.

Research limitations/implications

The paper deals with the steady state of PMM; however, the extension towards the transient analysis is possible.

Practical implications

The paper presents a fast and accurate model of PMM for the analysis of its basic electromagnetic quantities.

Originality/value

The analysis of terminal quantities being different in time from sinusoidal or constant distributions, both electrical and mechanical, is usually performed by means of a time stepping approach. The required computing effort is still too high for real time applications. The presented method starts from single FE solutions and converts their accuracy on the set of mutually orthogonal functions having the clear representation in the spectral, mode‐frequency domain. The magnitudes of these basic functions enable one to express the electromagnetic power in a form equivalent to classic dq representation, but not constrained by sinusoidal input quantities.
Permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Donsión M.P.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to apply a two‐axis model for accurate representation of the characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) of the interior type.

Design/methodology/approach

For a three‐phase PMSM, it uses a voltage source inverter with six power transistors with independent switching and PSIM software with Matlab for checking, by simulation, how some parameters influence the start process.

Findings

It was found that pulsating components generate the synchronizing torque.

Originality/value

The paper provides a model for accurate representation of the characteristics of permanent magnet motors.
A new method of biomolecular recognition of avidin by light scattering of ZnS:Mn nano‐particles
Authors: Rabiee M. , Mirhabibi A.R. , Moztar Zadeh F. , Aghababazadeh R. , Mohaghegh Pour E. , Lin L.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new method for biomolecular recognition based on light scattering of ZnS:Mn nano‐particle functionalised with biotin.

Design/methodology/approach

ZnS:Mn nano‐particles was successfully synthesised from quaternary water‐in‐oil micro‐emulsion system. The addition of biotin and the subsequent specific binding events alter the dielectric environment of the nano‐particle, resulting in a spectral shift of the particle plasmon resonance. Cyclohexane was used as oil, Triten X‐100 as surfactant, n‐hexanol as a co‐surfactant and mercaptoethanol for the best linking of biological part to nano‐particle. Measurement of the content of avidin was achieved by detecting the Department of Biomedical Engineering change in the excited emission. For qualitative and quantitative analyses of this product, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and spectrograph techniques were used.

Findings

It was observed that with reducing particle size, emission shifted to the lower wave lengths. In addition, with conjugation between avidin and biotin by mercaptoethanol in biologic media, spectral emission decreased.

Practical implications

The method developed could be utilised for synthesis of a variety of ZnS:Mn nano‐particles for a wide range of diagnostic applications.

Originality/value

The method for biomolecular recognition based on light scattering of ZnS:Mn nano‐particle functionalised with biotin developed was novel.
A novel natural adhesive from rice bran
Authors: Wang W.H. , Zhang X.Q. , Li X.P.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a new approach for making a bio‐based adhesive from a new resource, rice bran (RB) adhesive.

Design/methodology/approach

RB solution was prepared and its pHs were adjusted to either 8.5‐9.0 or 10.0‐10.5. The solid content of slurry was controlled at ≈18 per cent and then gelatinised in a water bath shaker at 60°C for 2 h or at 100°C for 1 h. The bonding strength of RB adhesive was determined by testing the strength of three‐layer plywood. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used for detecting the reaction energy and curing temperature. According to the DSC analysis, hot pressing at three temperatures was performed to select the best bonding conditions. Then, a two level split‐plot design was used to determine the effects of gelatinisation and pH on the bonding strength of RB adhesive. Thus, the formulation of RB adhesive was optimised. In order to improve the water resistance of RB adhesive, toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was used as a cross linking agent.

Findings

In the study reported here, a RB adhesive was developed by alkaline modification. Very high pH was not necessary, when RB adhesive with pH 10.0‐10.5 was gelatinised at 100°C for 1 h, its bonding strength was significantly lower than pH 8.5‐9.0 gelatinised at 60°C for 2 h. Water resistance of RB adhesive improved significantly when TDI was added as a cross linking agent. Compared to pure RB adhesive, the RB‐TDI mixed adhesive started curing at a higher temperature. For RB adhesive curing, 130°C was a suitable hot pressing temperature.

Research limitations/implications

Though the RB adhesive developed had a good bonding strength, its water resistance and dark colour was not satisfactory, which risks discolour of light colour wood. Further study is needed to solve this problem.

Practical implications

The approach provided a bio‐adhesive with good bonding strength, reasonable working life, and without formaldehyde emission. Based on further study, RB adhesive could be considered a promising alternate adhesive in many applications such as paper board bonding and plywood.

Originality/value

It provided a potential way to utilise by‐product of agriculture, RB as industrial raw material. This will do farmers a great favour. Meanwhile, the modified RB adhesive is promising to partly or completely replace urea formaldehyde resin that mainly used in wood industry, avoiding formaldehyde emission and reducing the dependence on petroleum products.
Synthesis of new 5‐arylazo‐3‐cyano‐4,6‐dimethyl‐2‐acetylchloridethiopyridine reactive disperse dyes and their applications in textile printing
Authors: Helal M.H. , Elgemeie G.H. , El‐kashouti M.A. , ElMolla M.M. , Elsayad H.S. , Ahmed K.A.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to synthesise some disperse dyes containing a reactive group and study their applications on polyamide and wool printing by heat transfer and screen printing.

Design/methodology/approach

To prepare these dyes, arylhydrazones of acetylacetone were reacted with cyanothioacetamide in boiling ethanolic sodium ethoxide. The resultant salt was collected by filtration and dried, then the salt was dissolved in ethanol and reacted with chloroacetylchloride with stirring for 3 h, where chloroacetylechloride was added dropwise. The final precipitated product was collected by filtration and crystallised with an appropriate solvent. These prepared dyes were used to print polyamide and wool fabrics by using synthetic thickener in the printing paste for all techniques.

Findings

The structure of the synthesised dyes were established and confirmed for the reaction products on the basis of their elemental analysis and spectral data (MS, IR and 1H‐NMR). The suitability of the prepared dyestuffs for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on nylon 6 and wool fabrics was investigated. The prints obtained from dyes possess high‐colour strength as well as excellent overall fastness properties.

Research limitations/implications

The synthesised heterocyclic reactive disperse azo dyes were prepared from the reaction of arylhydrazones of acetylacetone and thiocyanoacetamide to form the corresponding pyridinethione salts which underwent further reaction with chloroacetylchloride. The obtained dyes were utilised in preparing a paste for polyamide and wool fabric printing. In addition, both of the variation of the substituents on the synthesised dyes and the fastness properties were also studied.

Practical implications

The synthesis and use of reactive disperse dyes provide practical solution to over come the low fastness on polyamide and wool, when they are printed with disperse dyes only.

Originality/value

The result of the work aimed to define the scope and limitation of the authors' procedures for the synthesis of novel reactive disperse azo dyes to improve the low‐fastness properties of polyamide and wool, the dyes were synthesised in a simple way.
Potential anti‐fouling agents: metal complexes of 3‐(2‐furylidene)hydrazino‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine
Authors: Hemaida H.A.E. , El‐Dissouky Ali A. , Sadek S.M.M.
Published: August 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a number of new anti‐fouling agents that are friendlier to the environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Seven copper(II) and cobalt complexes of 3‐(2‐furylidene) hydrazine‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine (L) were prepared by interacting 3‐(2‐furylidene) hydrazino‐5,6‐diphenyl‐1,2,4‐triazine (L) with cobalt(II) and copper salts. The structures of the prepared complexes were confirmed by elemental analyses, IR and nujol mull electronic spectra, as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements. The anti‐fouling activity was measured on barnacle larvae.

Findings

The in vitro toxicity of the organic ligand and its cobalt and copper complexes on barnacle larvae was measured. The results indicated that the toxicity of the ligand increased upon complexation and that copper complexes are the most active ones.

Originality/value

Successful development of some new copper(II) and cobalt complexes of 1,2,4‐triazine that have in vitro anti‐fouling activity against barnacle larvae and might be safe to the marine environment.