bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting Risk Areas of Classical Scrapie in China Based on Environmental Suitability
Authors: Li Hong , Pan Haoju , Xu Le , Li Suya , Li Shiyuan , Chen Si , Man Churiga , Du Li , Chen Qiaoling , Xiao Jianhua , Wang Hongbin , Wang Fengyang , Gao Hongyan
Published: June 2023

Classical scrapie is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that attacks the central nervous system of sheep and goats. Since its discovery in the 18th century, the disease has caused enormous economic losses and public health impacts in continental Europe. In the late 20th century, classical scrapie began to spread to places, such as Asia and the Americas, becoming a disease of global concern. In this study, based on prion occurrence records and high-resolution environmental layers, a risk assessment of classical scrapie in China was performed using a maximum entropy model. The model achieved an area under the curve value of 0.906 (95% confidence interval, 0.0883–0.0929). Sheep distribution density, road density, goat distribution density, minimum temperature of the coldest month, port density, and precipitation of the driest quarter were identified as important factors affecting the occurrence of classical scrapie. The risk map showed that potential high-risk areas in China were mainly located in Northeast China, North China, and Northwest China. This study can provide a valuable reference for the prevention of classical scrapie in China. According to the environmental variables and risk areas of classical scrapie, implementing monitoring and early warning measures in these areas is recommended to reduce the possibility of classical scrapie occurrence and transmission.
Does Perinatal Intermittent Hypoxia Affect Cerebrovascular Network Development?
Authors: Coelho-Santos Vanessa , Cruz Anne-Jolene N. , Shih Andy Y.
Published: June 2023

Perinatal hypoxia is an inadequate delivery of oxygen to the fetus in the period immediately before, during, or after the birth process. The most frequent form of hypoxia occurring in human development is chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) due to sleep-disordered breathing (apnea) or bradycardia events. CIH incidence is particularly high with premature infants. During CIH, repetitive cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation initiate oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades in the brain. A dense microvascular network of arterioles, capillaries, and venules is required to support the constant metabolic demands of the adult brain. The development and refinement of this microvasculature is orchestrated throughout gestation and in the initial weeks after birth, at a critical juncture when CIH can occur. There is little knowledge on how CIH affects the development of the cerebrovasculature. However, since CIH (and its treatments) can cause profound abnormalities in tissue oxygen content and neural activity, there is reason to believe that it can induce lasting abnormalities in vascular structure and function at the microvascular level contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. This mini-review discusses the hypothesis that CIH induces a positive feedback loop to perpetuate metabolic insufficiency through derailment of normal cerebrovascular development, leading to long-term deficiencies in cerebrovascular function.
High Phosphate-Binding Capacity of Oxylanthanum Carbonate with a Low Medication Volume: Comparison with Commercially Available Phosphate Binders
Authors: Sprague Stuart M. , Reddy Guru , Jermasek Douglas , Gupta Pramod
Published: June 2023

Background: A key focus for chronic kidney disease management is phosphate control, but currently available binders have suboptimal phosphate-binding capacity, and their characteristics result in low adherence and poor phosphate regulation. Oxylanthanum carbonate, a novel compound that uses proprietary nanoparticle technology to deliver lanthanum, has the potential to combine high phosphate-binding capacity with good intake convenience, thus improving adherence and patient quality of life. The goal of this study was to assess the volume of oxylanthanum Carbonate required to bind 1 g of phosphate and compare it with other currently available phosphate binders to determine which binder allows for the highest normalized potency with the lowest daily medication volume. Methods: Six phosphate binders were assessed: ferric citrate, calcium acetate, lanthanum carbonate, sevelamer carbonate, sucroferric oxyhydroxide, and oxylanthanum carbonate. Table volume measurements were taken using fluid displacement in corn oil or water. Mean daily dose volume to bind 1 g of phosphate was calculated as volume per tablet multiplied by the mean number of tablets taken per day. Volume to bind 1 g of phosphate was calculated by dividing the volume per tablet by its in vivo binding capacity. Results: Oxylanthanum carbonate had the lowest mean volume, daily phosphate binder dose volume, and equivalent phosphate-binding dose volume (volume to bind 1 g of phosphate for each binder). Conclusions: Oxylanthanum carbonate has the lowest daily phosphate binder dose volume and the smallest volume required to bind 1 g of phosphate compared to all other commercially available phosphate binders. A randomized trial that compares gastrointestinal tolerability across binders would be warranted to demonstrate acceptability and adherence in the target population.
Percepção de familiares de pacientes com diagnóstico de transtorno do humor em tratamento com eletroconvulsoterapia
Authors: Oliveira Jéssica Maria Vieira , Regne Giulia Ribeiro Schettino , Reinaldo Amanda Márcia dos Santos , Da Silveira Belisa Vieira , Pereira Maria Odete
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: discutir a percepção familiar de pacientescom diagnóstico de transtornos de humor submetidos aotratamento com eletroconvulsoterapia. Metodologia:estudo qualitativo, descritivo realizado em um hospitalpsiquiátrico privado de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil,com familiares de pacientes com transtornos do humor emtratamento com eletroconvulsoterapia. A coleta de dadosfoi realizada por meio de entrevista e diário de campo. Paraa análise de dados foi utilizada a Análise de Conteúdo eo software webQDA para a análise dos dados qualitativos.Resultados: o tratamento com eletroconvulsoterapiafoi associado à melhora no quadro clínico dos pacientes.Conclusão: é necessária a realização de pesquisas queavaliem a adesão à eletroconvulsoterapia pelos pacientes ea compreensão sobre seus riscos e benefícios.
Razão entre atendimentos ambulatoriais e hospitalares: um indicador para a área de saúde mental
Authors: Kuhn Giovanni Francioni , Rosa Roger dos Santos
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: construir um indicador de razão matemática entreos atendimentos ambulatoriais e hospitalares em saúdemental no SUS. Metodologia: foi utilizada uma abordagemquantitativa dos dados secundários do DATASUS (SIH/SUSe SIA/SUS) de residentes na Região Metropolitana de PortoAlegre – RS no período 2015-2017. Resultados: obteve-seuma razão de 12,9 atendimentos ambulatoriais (0,2 a1248,2/10 mil hab./ano) por hospitalização (4,9 a 77,1/10mil hab./ano) em saúde mental para todos os residentesno território estudado e média de 17,1 (IC95% 10,5-23,7)considerando por município (amplitude de 0,0 a 82,3).A razão foi maior para o sexo feminino (14,4) em relaçãoao masculino (11,8) em 22%. Há uma distribuição bimodalcom maiores razões entre atendimentos ambulatoriais ehospitalares nas faixas etárias de 0-19 anos (20,0) e 45-59anos (17,3). Conclusão: os dados do DATASUS evidenciaramgrande disparidade nos resultados, mas podem contribuirpara melhor organização e gestão da Rede de AtençãoPsicossocial no SUS. Há necessidade de maior cuidado evigilância perante a correção das informações fornecidaspelos municípios. Nesse sentido, a razão construída pode vira representar um indicador de qualidade da informação.
Fatores associados ao consumo excessivo episódico de álcool entre universitários
Authors: Carrara Andriely Stefany , Galdino Maria José Quina , Martins Júlia Trevisan , Barreto Maynara Fernanda Carvalho , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Alves Josilene Dália , Scholze Alessandro Rolim
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e os fatoresassociados ao consumo excessivo episódico de álcoolentre os universitários. Metodologia: estudo transversaldesenvolvido em uma universidade pública do Sul doBrasil. Os dados foram coletados por um questionário decaracterização sociodemográfica, acadêmica e de hábitosde vida, o Alcohol, Smoking and Substance InvolvementScreening Test e o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritivae inferencial. Resultados: a prevalência de consumoexcessivo episódico foi de 43,3% e foram associados:não residir com a família (ORaj:0,68), possuir dinheirosuficiente para suprir as necessidades (ORaj:1,43), consumode tabaco (ORaj:5,65) e anfetaminas (ORaj:6,24) nos trêsúltimos meses e pertencer ao sexo masculino (ORaj:1,49).Conclusão: o consumo excessivo episódico atingiu cercade metade dos investigados, e foram associados a eleos aspectos sociodemográficos e as condições de vida,sobretudo, o uso de substâncias psicoativas.
Feminicídio em capital do norte do Brasil: perfil sociodemográfico das vítimas e características do crime
Authors: Reis Igor de Oliveira , Baquião Larissa Sales Martins , Scherer Edson Arthur , Oliveira Robert William da Silva , Lima Suzanne Tainá Matos de , Scherer Zeyne Alves Pires
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico das vítimasdos casos estimados de feminicídio, ocorridos no períodode 2018 a 2020, em uma capital do norte do Brasil, e ascaracterísticas do crime. Metodologia: estudo transversal,quantitativo, retrospectivo e descritivo. Foram consultadosdocumentos relacionados ao óbito, disponibilizados peloInstituto Médico Legal. Realizou-se análise exploratóriados casos, por estatística descritiva. Resultados: foramidentificados 136 casos suspeitos (90,1%) e 15 confirmados(9,9%) de feminicídio, totalizando 151 casos estimados.A maioria das vítimas era parda; solteira; 11 a 40 anos deidade; ensino fundamental incompleto; exercia atividadesde baixa remuneração ou não remuneradas (autônomas,afazeres domésticos ou desempregadas); e residia na regiãonorte e leste do município (com maiores taxas de violência ehomicídio em geral). Houve mais ocorrências no domicílio; ànoite; entre o sábado e a terça-feira. O disparo por arma de fogofoi a principal causa do óbito. Conclusão: foi possível sugerirestratégias para trabalhar questões socioeconômico-culturaisrelacionadas à perspectiva de gênero e vulnerabilidade.É necessário facilitar e incentivar as mulheres a buscarformação escolar e oportunidades de trabalho. É importante,também, criar políticas de controle de armas letais (fogo eoutras). Ações conjuntas, interdisciplinares e intersetoriaispodem proteger mulheres deste tipo de crime.
Grupos de Terapia Ocupacional com familiares em saúde mental: a percepção dos cuidadores de pessoas com esquizofrenia
Authors: Rôse Lígia Beatriz Romeiro , Kebbe Leonardo Martins , Pedrão Luiz Jorge
Published: June 2023

Objetivo: analisar, na perspectiva de familiares cuidadores,como os Grupos de Terapia Ocupacional em saúde mentalos auxiliam nos cuidados de pessoas com diagnóstico deesquizofrenia. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo descritivo,realizado com a participação de seis familiares cuidadoras,submetidas a intervenções com Grupos de TerapiaOcupacional, planejadas em cinco encontros semanais, comduração de cinquenta minutos, gravadas. As participantestambém responderam um questionário autoaplicável.Os conteúdos foram analisados por meio da análise deconteúdo temática de Laurence Bardin. Resultados: osresultados apontaram que os Grupos de Terapia Ocupacionalauxiliaram no cuidado do familiar com esquizofrenia pelaspossibilidades de trocas de experiências e de compreensãodas situações, contribuições para diferenciação desintomas, não-reforço de comportamentos dependentes ecomprometedores da autonomia, oportunidades de escuta,informações referentes aos transtornos mentais e estratégiaspara enfrentamento de dificuldades. Promoveu, também,o cuidado para as cuidadoras. Conclusão: os Grupos deTerapia Ocupacional impactaram nos cuidados de seusfamiliares, auxiliando na elaboração de estratégias paraenfrentamento de dificuldades, proporcionaram uma maiorpercepção do papel desempenhado no grupo familiar atravésdas ocupações e promoveram o cuidado para elas mesmas.
“The Turquoise Was Brought From Chorasmia” Mining, Empire, and the People of the Steppes across the Achaemenid Northeastern Borderlands
Authors: Ferrario Marco
Published: June 2023

Two main scholarly trends dominate the study of the relations between the Northeastern frontier zone(s) of the Achaemenid Empire and the steppes: the assessment of the military strategies to control the Saka and the development of artistic currents within and beyond the Empire through diplomatic relations and gift-giving. This paper makes the case for a more complex and dynamic scenario, in which the Central Asian borderlands transpire to have been a fertile ground for experimentation and innovation (not only of strife and rebellion), while local actors are given back their agency. In doing so, it first of all focuses on the extraction and working of precious stones. Secondly, recent research on Achaemenid archival materials shall be discussed which suggest the importance of trade in these and similar items for both imperial agents and local elites. Thirdly, and finally, the paper considers material evidence originating from the Empire but found beyond its Northeastern territories as far as China.
Inadequate Criminal Policies as Threats to the Best Interests of Children Residing in Prisons with their Mothers
Authors: Purwadi Hari , Kusumawati Erna Dyah , Mayastuti Anti , Suprobowati Gayatri Dyah
Published: June 2023

Although the number of children residing in correctional institutions with their mothers in Indonesia is low, this has triggered issues related to the relevant policies and laws. This study examines the perspective of criminal laws and human rights policies regarding children residing in correctional institutions with their mothers and their implications for the fulfilment of the children’s rights. This study finds that the group of children does not belong to the category of individuals requiring special treatment. The Indonesian criminal justice system does not have a legal framework for handling those children. The correctional institutions failed completely to realise the children’s rights, due to the inability of the officers of the correctional institutions in interpreting and implementing the bic principle. Due to the absence of government’s clear guidelines, the treatment for such children, which is mostly adapted to their internal policies, varies among Indonesian correctional institutions.
Failures in the Child Perspective
Authors: Koziel Sylwia , Hultman Lill , Weitz Ylva Spånberger , Rosqvist Hanna Bertilsdotter , Elmersjö Magdalena
Published: June 2023

Children’s invisibility, non-participation or limited participation can be associated with social workers’ experiences of losing focus of the child in their work, while at the same time navigating organisational and legal demands where a child perspective is strongly promoted. This article sheds light on social workers’ experiences of working with a child perspective and with children’s participation. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from social services and ngo s and from different child welfare services in Sweden. Our findings indicate that losing focus of the child is a common phenomenon that relates to the dominance of adult-centred practice and that child-centred methods need to be developed. Social workers from ngo s described having better opportunities for working in a child-centred way. Losing focus of the child mirrors the subordinated position of child-centred practice, proving that a child perspective and children’s participation are still inadequately anchored in social work practice.
Trying to Express Climate Concerns through Environmental Law? The Changing Lawscape of Public Participation
Authors: Richardson Benjamin J. , Castles-Lynch Sarah
Published: June 2023

The ‘lawscape’ (landscape) of public participation in environmental decision-making in Australia is evolving as climate change has become society’s dominant environmental concern. The traditional modes for citizens to express their concerns through administrative and legislative processes are losing their legitimacy and efficacy. The growth of civil disobedience by climate protesters is a response to this deficit. Rather than viewing such dissent as purely a phenomenon ‘outside’ the legal system, in defiance of the law, climate protest can also plausibly be understood as a shift in the mode of public participation within the legal system as discussions about climate science and action extend to new forums, especially courtrooms hearing criminal prosecutions against climate activists.
Why does unpaid labour vary among digital labour platforms? Exploring socio-technical platform regimes of worker autonomy
Authors: Pulignano Valeria , Grimshaw Damian , Domecka Markieta , Vermeerbergen Lander
Published: June 2023

Digital platforms provide many workers with vital income and offer the promise of flexible work, and yet also contribute to experiences of precariousness and exploitation, particularly with regard to pressures to undertake unpaid work. This article explores why unpaid labour is necessary and what drives its extent and form among diverse types of digital platforms. We theorize two ideal types of ‘open’ and ‘closed’ socio-technical platform regimes of worker autonomy, building on sociological insights about socio-technical systems, management control over worker autonomy and labour market segmentation by skill. In principle, ‘open’ (‘closed’) platform regimes grant relatively high (low) worker autonomy in terms of access to the platform, paid work and control over work tasks. Analysing five case studies, illustrative of ‘open’ and ‘closed’ regimes, we investigate unpaid labour in low-skill locational (i.e. food delivery) platforms and medium/high-skill online (i.e. freelancing) platforms. In brief, digital freelancers exhibit a lower extent of unpaid labour within relatively ‘open’ regimes, owing to greater autonomy over access to, and control over, platform work in a sector requiring medium/high skills. Conversely, ‘closed’ regimes mitigate unpaid labour for food-delivery platforms by providing market shelter for workers, who are easily replaced in an overcrowded sector requiring few skills.
Multilevel Latent Profile Analysis of Global Competence in PISA 2018: Small Country-Level Differences
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Stankov Lazar
Published: June 2023

We examined the global competence of 15-year-old students based on PISA 2018 data ( N = 355,579 from 57 countries). Our multilevel latent profile analysis identified two groups at both individual and country levels, resulting in a total of four groups (2 x 2; “competent” and “less competent”). While individual-level differences were pronounced and consistent across all seven global competence indicators, the country-level differences were small overall, with only “attitude towards immigrants” and “respect for people from other cultures” showing somewhat salient group differences. There were more globally “less competent” students in 52 of 57 countries, suggesting the needs to improve students’ global competence in virtually all participating countries. Global competence was related to family socioeconomic status, academic achievement, and countries’ standing on the conservatism/liberalism dimension. We considered different ways to enhance global competence among students and society as a whole.
A minimally invasive bronchoscopic approach for direct delivery to murine airways and application to models of pulmonary infection
Authors: Schelde Karen , Rosenjack Julie , Sonneborn Claire , Jafri Anjum , Kavran Michael , Brumbaugh Sarah , Rietsch Arne , Darrah Rebecca J , Hodges Craig A , Flask Christopher A , Kelley Thomas J , Drumm Mitchell L
Published: June 2023

The laboratory mouse is used extensively for human disease modeling and preclinical therapeutic testing for efficacy, biodistribution, and toxicity. The variety of murine models available, and the ability to create new ones, eclipses all other species, but the size of mice and their organs create challenges for many in vivo studies. For pulmonary research, improved methods to access murine airways and lungs, and track substances administered to them, would be desirable. A nonsurgical endoscopic system with a camera, effectively a bronchoscope, coupled with a cryoimaging fluorescence microscopy technique to view the lungs in 3D, is described here that allows visualization of the procedure, including the anatomical location at which substances are instilled and fluorescence detection of those substances. We have applied it to bacterial infection studies to characterize better and optimize a chronic lung infection murine model in which we instill bacteria-laden agarose beads into the airways and lungs to extend the duration of the infection and inflammation. The use of the endoscope as guidance for placing a catheter into the airways is simple and quick, requiring only momentary sedation, and reduces post-procedural mortality compared with our previous instillation method that includes a trans-tracheal surgery. The endoscopic method improves speed and precision of delivery while reducing the stress on animals and the number of animals generated and used for experiments.
Adaptive model predictive control based on neural networks for Hover attitude tracking with input saturation and unknown disturbances
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Zhan , Yang Xuebo , Yu Xinghu
Published: June 2023

The anti-disturbance control of quadrotor attitude tracking under saturation constraints is a difficult problem. In this paper, a neural network-based model predictive controller for quadrotor systems with input saturation and external disturbances is developed. The unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances of the system are simplified to the disturbance superimposed on the nominal system, and the gradient descent neural networks are used to complete the estimation and compensation of the disturbance. The adaptive model predictive controller is designed based on the nominal system. The disturbance value estimated by the neural network adaptively adjusts the control constraints in the model predictive controller. The robustness and anti-disturbance of the designed controller are analyzed. The experiments show that, compared to the robust model predictive control, the algorithm proposed in this paper reduces the steady-state mean errors of the yaw, pitch, and roll attitude channels of the Hover system. Specifically, the algorithm results in a decrease of 2.622%, 2.292%, and 1.192% without external disturbances and 2.056%, 4.17%, and 0.956% with outside disturbances. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Stigma Experienced by Perinatal Women with Opioid Dependency in the United States: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Morton Jamie , Vignato Julie , Anbari Allison B.
Published: June 2023

Stigma is a barrier to accessing care and treatment for perinatal women with pain and opioid dependency, resulting in increased maternal/neonatal morbidity and mortality, prolonged neonatal hospitalizations, and increased healthcare-related costs. This theory-generating qualitative meta-synthesis includes 18 qualitative research reports and describes the stigma-related experiences of perinatal women with opioid dependency. A model emerged consisting of cyclical yet pivotal care points, facilitators/deterrents of stigma, and stigma experiences including infant-associative stigma. Findings of this qualitative meta-synthesis include the following: (a) Perinatal stigma experiences may prevent women from accessing care; (b) Infant-associative stigma may influence the woman to deflect stigma from her infant onto herself; and (c) There is the risk of mothers withdrawing their infants from healthcare to protect from future anticipated stigma. Implications reveal ideal time points to enact healthcare interventions to reduce perinatal stigma experiences and its consequences on maternal/child health and wellness.
A Psychoanalytic Case for Anti-capitalism as an Organisational Form
Authors: Malherbe Nick
Published: June 2023

For many, anti-capitalism signifies too much and thus lacks the political conviction needed to inform left-wing strategy and tactics. What remains neglected, though, is how anti-capitalism can function as an organisational form, one that is constituted by the democratic requirements of struggle. At different moments and for different purposes, anti-capitalist organising may rely on vertical, horizontal, centralised, or decentralised formations. We cannot predetermine the organisational particularities of anti-capitalism because it is always a form of forms determined by the demands of struggle. However, we can explore the psycho-political valances of anti-capitalist organisation. The appeal of anti-capitalism, so conceived, lies in its ability to facilitate subjects’ enjoyment and political commitment through formal and psychic lack, rather than through neoliberal excess or ideological surety. Psychoanalytic theory is useful for considering how the anti-capitalist form’s significatory field can foster emancipatory knowledges, acts, and ways of being in politically fraught contexts of struggle.
Subtle visual impairment caused by temporoparietal infarction: a case report
Authors: Chung Han Sol
Published: June 2023

Cerebral infarction is associated with various symptoms. Considering its high volume of patients who present with various symptoms, the emergency department is an unfavorable environment for detecting atypical symptoms. A man in his 50 s visited the emergency department because he had experienced subtle discomfort when changing lanes while driving. Several coincidental events could have led to a misdiagnosis, such as the patient’s first-ever use of diabetes medication on the day before symptom onset and the patient’s first attempt at driving after a 2-week hiatus. A detailed neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging revealed right temporoparietal infarction; accordingly, the patient received antiplatelet therapy and was discharged. Clinicians increasingly rely on high-tech imaging equipment, rather than history-taking and physical examination approaches. However, clinicians must decide which tests to perform. This report illustrates that when patients present with mild or ambiguous symptoms, clinicians should place greater emphasis on history-taking and physical examination to avoid misdiagnosis.
Q fever represented as multiple pulmonary nodules: a case report
Authors: Zhai Yu
Published: June 2023

Q fever is an important zoonotic disease caused by the pathogen Coxiella burnetii, which is inhaled into the body through the respiratory tract leading to acute symptoms. Severe acute Q fever may result in complications, such as pneumonia, hepatitis, or myocarditis, and some patients may develop chronic Q fever after incomplete treatment. Local persistent C. burnetii infection may lead to chronic Q fever that often requires surgery and anti-infection treatment for several years, seriously endangering patient health and increasing the economic burden for families. The clinicians’ lack of awareness of the disease may be one reason leading to a delay in treatment. Here, a case of Q fever in a 53-year-old male patient, which was diagnosed by next generation sequencing and exhibited a distinct computed tomographic feature, is reported, with the aim of improving clinical knowledge of this disease. Following diagnosis, the patient was treated with 0.1 g doxycycline, orally, twice daily, and 0.5 g chloramphenicol, orally, three times daily, leading to improvement of symptoms and discharge from hospital.
Perceptions of Bicycle Signal Faces and Associated Compliance: Results of an Online Survey
Authors: Baumanis Carolina , Hall Jennifer , Machemehl Randy , Wilkes Nathan
Published: June 2023

Across the U.S.A., cities are increasingly prioritizing the implementation and enhancement of cycle facilities and networks. One of the goals of this effort is to enhance the safety and comfort of the urban cycling experience. Some of the implemented and planned facility improvements include protected cycle lanes, turning boxes, and newer control devices such as bicycle signal faces. The introduction of the bicycle signal face increases intersection complexity and can influence people’s perceptions of safety and comfort. Often, the bicycle signal symbol is the only distinguishing feature of a bicycle signal, and this could lead to user confusion. This paper describes the results of an online survey conducted in Austin, Texas, which aimed to understand people’s perceptions of bicycle signal faces. The survey was conducted after the installation of experimental bicycle signal faces at 12 intersections throughout the city. The paper also presents the results from a combination of stated and revealed preferences to compare people’s perceptions with their real-life experience of dedicated bicycle signals with bicycle signal faces. In general, perceptions of satisfaction, comfort, compliance, and safety in relation to bicycle signals are positive. For many of the questions, positive perceptions improved with decreasing age, increasing cycling frequency, access to a bicycle, or an encounter with experimental bicycle signals. The most polarizing respondent characteristics are access to a bicycle, cycling frequency, and level of cycling comfort.
Study on Thermal Reflective Cracking of Asphalt Concrete Overlays on Concrete Pavements Under Moderate Temperature Variations Using Finite Element Model
Authors: Jiao Liya , Harvey John T. , Wu Rongzong , Deng Hanyu
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the effects of moderate daily temperature variations on reflective cracking in asphalt concrete (AC) overlays on Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements using three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) modeling. The FE model consists of an AC overlay on top of PCC slabs, followed by aggregate base and subgrade. The year-round temperature variations were divided into discrete groups using a clustering technique and each group was applied separately in the FE model. The maximum stress and strain values associated with each temperature variation group were determined using the FE model and used as the driving force corresponding to the thermally induced damage in the AC overlay. The results show that the maximum stress and strain values in the overlay depend on the hourly temperature variation as well as the seasonal temperature profile. The daily temperature variation controls the deformation of the underlying PCC slabs, whereas the seasonal temperature profile determines the viscoelastic properties of the AC overlay. The estimated maximum tensile stress and strain values suggest that the AC overlay is primarily subjected to damage from repetitive thermal loading instead of one-time fracture events for moderate temperature variations. In addition, when the AC overlay is fully bonded to the PCC slabs, the thermal strains are much greater than the traffic induced strains, indicating a high possibility of thermal reflective cracking being the dominant damage mechanism for these cases.
The Disarticulation of the City: Cultural Heritage and Land-Use Planning in the Land Use Master Plans of Bogota, 2000 to 2019
Authors: Suárez Mayorga Adriana María , Barbosa Vasco
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between cultural heritage and land-use planning in Bogota’s Land Use Master Plans from 2000 to 2019, correlating the historical perspective with public policy. A methodological framework is proposed to comparatively examine the Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial (POTs), to understand how cultural heritage is conceived therein, how this conception was materialized in the city, and the impacts of that materialization. The main conclusion is that the POTs do not clearly define the strategies to achieve the objectives formulated regarding cultural heritage, nor do take into account the community in the decision-making process.
Identification of 3 novel herpesviruses in prosimians with lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Kunze Patricia E. , Cortés-Hinojosa Galaxia , Williams Cathy V. , Archer Linda L. , Ferrante Jason A. , Wellehan James F. X.
Published: June 2023

Although many studies have characterized catarrhine and platyrrhine primate herpesviruses, little is known about herpesviruses in prosimians. We aimed to identify and characterize herpesviruses in prosimians with proliferative lymphocytic disease. DNA was extracted from tissues of 9 gray mouse lemurs ( Microcebus murinus) and 3 pygmy slow lorises ( Nycticebus pygmaeus) with lymphoproliferative lesions, and we performed nested PCR and sequencing for detection of herpesviruses and polyomaviruses. We identified 3 novel herpesviruses and performed phylogenetic analyses to characterize their relationship with other herpesviruses. A gray mouse lemur herpesvirus clustered with other primate herpesviruses within the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, just basal to the genus Cytomegalovirus. The other gray mouse lemur herpesvirus and the pygmy slow loris herpesvirus clustered within the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, although the relationships within the subfamily were less resolved. Quantitative PCR assays were developed for the 2 new gray mouse lemur viruses, providing specific, faster, less expensive, and quantitative detection tools. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between the presence of these viruses and the severity or presence of lymphoproliferative lesions in prosimians.
Analysis of Palliative Care Knowledge and Symptom Burden Among Female Veterans With Serious Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Varilek Brandon M. , Da Rosa Patricia
Published: June 2023

Background: The female Veteran population is rapidly growing, as is their use of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers (VAMCs). Additionally, 90% of female Veterans are under 65 years old, meaning healthcare providers at VAMCs must be ready to manage the complex serious illnesses that affect female Veterans as they age. These serious illnesses require proper medical management, which can include palliative care. However, little palliative care research includes female Veterans. Aims: The aims of this cross-sectional study were to examine palliative care knowledge and symptom burden among female Veterans’ and examine factors associated a symptom burden scale. Methods: Consenting participants completed online questionnaires, including the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS), Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (CMSAS), and demographics. Descriptive statistics characterized the sample, bivariate association were carried out with a Chi-square and t test. A generalized linear model explored associations between CMSAS and its subscales with sociodemographic, number of serious illnesses, and facility type (VAMC vs civilian facility). Results: 152 female Veterans completed the survey. PaCKS scores were consistent across our sample. Physical symptoms were rated higher for those receiving care at VAMCs compared to civilian facilities ( P = .02) in the bivariate analysis. The factors associated with CMSAS were age, employment status and number of serious illnesses (all P < .05). Conclusions: Palliative care can assist female Veterans with serious illness. More research is needed to further explore variables associated with symptom burden among female Veterans such as age, employment status, and number of serious illnesses.
A Pilot Survey of Integrative Oncology in Hospitalized Children Undergoing Aggressive Therapy for Cancer and Blood Disorders at a Single Pediatric Cancer Center
Authors: Kawashima Nozomu
Published: June 2023

Objectives:

To assess treatment modalities and patients’ attitude regarding integrative oncology with a special focus on Kampo in hospitalized children for hematological diseases and solid tumors.

Methods:

All children who were hospitalized for hematological or oncological diseases at the Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Hospital, between January 25 and February 25, 2018, were invited to participate in this prospective survey.

Results:

Forty-eight patients responded to the survey. These included 27 patients aged ≤6 years, 11 aged ≥13 years, and 10 aged 7 to 12 years; 19 were diagnosed with a hematological malignancy, 9 with a nonmalignant hematological/immunological disease, and 20 with solid tumors. In all, 42% of patients were administered pharmaceutical-grade Kampo extracts, and 80% reported high effectiveness. Other modalities were used much less frequently. Oral administration of herbal extracts was challenging in children treated with Kampo. Integrated use of Kampo in pediatric hematology/oncology was desired in 77%, and 79% wished for more information about Kampo. In all, 90% desired to be seen by a pediatric hematologist/oncologist specializing in Kampo.

Conclusion:

Contribution of Kampo to pediatric hematology/oncology was highly appreciated during aggressive therapy for cancer and blood disorders.
Greenwork: The Devaluation of Labor When Caring for Nature
Authors: Garrett Cal Lee
Published: June 2023

Urban greening initiatives frequently promise to support economic growth and to improve environmental conditions for communities with ecological science. Despite these lofty goals, much of the labor required to carry out the quotidian, mundane work of cultivating and maintaining urban nature is provided by unpaid volunteers or low-wage landscapers. Drawing on ethnographic research and 50 in-depth interviews with experts and volunteers who manage greening initiatives in Chicago, this article provides an account for why greening labor is valued in abstract symbolic terms but economically marginalized. Namely, I argue that the everyday labor of greening cities is a distinct form of devalued care work that can be referred to as greenwork. Greenwork is devalued because: (1) urban nature is affectively framed as an invaluable asset to communities, (2) greening initiatives have a stratified labor force with few professional opportunities, and (3) nature is theorized as complex and self-sustaining by experts.
Roles of Different β-Defensins in the Human Reproductive System: A Review Study
Authors: Fesahat Farzaneh , Firouzabadi Amir Masoud , Zare-Zardini Hadi , Imani Maryam
Published: June 2023

Human β-defensins (hBDs) are cationic peptides with an amphipathic spatial shape and a high cysteine content. The members of this peptide family have been found in the human body with various functions, including the human reproductive system. Of among β-defensins in the human body, β-defensin 1, β-defensin 2, and β-defensin 126 are known in the human reproductive system. Human β-defensin 1 interacts with chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) in the male reproductive system to prevent bacterial infections. This peptide has a positive function in antitumor immunity by recruiting dendritic cells and memory T cells in prostate cancer. It is necessary for fertilization via facilitating capacitation and acrosome reaction in the female reproductive system. Human β-defensin 2 is another peptide with antibacterial action which can minimize infection in different parts of the female reproductive system such as the vagina by interacting with CCR6. Human β-defensin 2 could play a role in preventing cervical cancer via interactions with dendritic cells. Human β-defensin 126 is required for sperm motility and protecting the sperm against immune system factors. This study attempted to review the updated knowledge about the roles of β-defensin 1, β-defensin 2, and β-defensin 126 in both the male and female reproductive systems.
Preparation and properties of PAN nanofiber membrane based on spiral spinning technology
Authors: Zhao Lei , Zhu Ting , Wei Li , Zhao Jumei , Wang Qianwen , Wang Jun
Published: June 2023

The PAN spinning solution was chosen as the spiral spinning research object. Laminar flow theory was used to straighten and align macromolecules, and spiral spinning needles were used to control the spiral twisting of straightened PAN macromolecules. The internal spiral arrangement of PAN nanofibers became more compact as the helix number of spinning needles increased. The TEM (transmission electron microscope) was used to photograph the motion trajectory of TiO2 (titanium dioxide) nanoparticles in nanofibers, which directly confirmed the feasibility of the spiral spinning principle. SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscopy) observations revealed that the appearance of the PAN nanofiber membranes changed to some extent under spiral physical technology. The analysis of the tensile and bursting properties of PAN nanofiber membranes demonstrated that the structure of the nanofibers changed significantly after spiral spinning. The pore structure, electrical resistance, and antibacterial properties of PAN nanofiber membrane all reached optimal values at the optimal helix number of spinning needle.
Service-Learning Through Community-Based Nutrition Teaching Equips Medical Students With Sustained Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, and Habits
Authors: Reilly Jo Marie , Greenberg Ilana
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Nutrition education and counseling are critical to patient health. Primary care physicians are positioned to provide this counseling; however, due to a lack of nutrition education, many physicians-in-training lack these skills. This study evaluates the knowledge and self-efficacy of Keck School of Medicine (KSOM) of University of Southern California (USC) Primary Care Program (PCP) medical students after leading community-based nutrition classes.

Methods

First-year PCP KSOM students completed a survey immediately after teaching nutrition classes (Phase I: Spring 2017-Spring 2020) and 1-4 years after teaching (Phase II: August 2021). Open-ended responses were coded thematically, and descriptive data were analyzed in Qualtrics.

Results

There were 93 phase I respondents; however, not everyone answered every question. Among 45 question respondents, students reported learning about macronutrients (29%), portion sizes (16%), glycemic index (15%), and metabolic syndrome (12%). Among 57 question respondents, 49% reported having knowledge to now counsel patients about nutrition. There were 60 phase II respondents. Students reported sustained, increased nutrition knowledge (88%) and confidence (85%) from baseline, and making healthy personal dietary changes.

Discussion

It is important for physicians-in-training to gain nutrition education early in their career. This training can benefit student knowledge, behavior change, confidence, and their future patients through counseling.
Analysis of brain edema in RHAPSODY
Authors: Schleicher Riana L , Vorasayan Pongpat , McCabe Megan E , Bevers Matthew B , Davis Thomas P , Griffin John H , Hinduja Archana , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Lee Jin-Moo , Sawyer Robert N , Zlokovic Berislav V , Sheth Kevin N , Fedler Janel K , Lyden Patrick , Kimberly W Taylor ,   on behalf of the NN104 Investigators
Published: June 2023

Background:

Cerebral edema is a secondary complication of acute ischemic stroke, but its time course and imaging markers are not fully understood. Recently, net water uptake (NWU) has been proposed as a novel marker of edema.

Aims:

Studying the RHAPSODY trial cohort, we sought to characterize the time course of edema and test the hypothesis that NWU provides distinct information when added to traditional markers of cerebral edema after stroke by examining its association with other markers.

Methods:

A total of 65 patients had measurable supratentorial ischemic lesions. Patients underwent head computed tomography (CT), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, or both at the baseline visit and after 2, 7, 30, and 90 days following enrollment. CT and MRI scans were used to measure four imaging markers of edema: midline shift (MLS), hemisphere volume ratio (HVR), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, and NWU using semi-quantitative threshold analysis. Trajectories of the markers were summarized, as available. Correlations of the markers of edema were computed and the markers compared by clinical outcome. Regression models were used to examine the effect of 3K3A-activated protein C (APC) treatment.

Results:

Two measures of mass effect, MLS and HVR, could be measured on all imaging modalities, and had values available across all time points. Accordingly, mass effect reached a maximum level by day 7, normalized by day 30, and then reversed by day 90 for both measures. In the first 2 days after stroke, the change in CSF volume was associated with MLS (ρ = –0.57, p = 0.0001) and HVR (ρ = –0.66, p < 0.0001). In contrast, the change in NWU was not associated with the other imaging markers (all p ⩾ 0.49). While being directionally consistent, we did not observe a difference in the edema markers by clinical outcome. In addition, baseline stroke volume was associated with all markers (MLS ( p < 0.001), HVR ( p < 0.001), change in CSF volume ( p = 0.003)) with the exception of NWU ( p = 0.5). Exploratory analysis did not reveal a difference in cerebral edema markers by treatment arm.

Conclusions:

Existing cerebral edema imaging markers potentially describe two distinct processes, including lesional water concentration (i.e. NWU) and mass effect (MLS, HVR, and CSF volume). These two types of imaging markers may represent distinct aspects of cerebral edema, which could be useful for future trials targeting this process.
Impact of a cue with a billiard ball
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: June 2023

Experimental results are presented to show how the speed and spin of a billiard ball vary as the impact point of the cue is varied above and below the center of the ball. The results are compared with a simple impact model to estimate how the normal and tangential impact forces vary with impact location.
Skeletal 18F-PSMA-1007 uptake in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Janssen Jorinde , Noordzij Walter , Velleman Ton , de Jong Igle Jan , Langendijk Johannes A. , Verzijlbergen J. Fred , Stormezand Gilles N. , Aluwini Shafak
Published: June 2023

Background/objectives:

Accurate and uniform interpretation and reporting of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) lesions on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are indispensable. 18F-PSMA-1007 is increasingly used because of its favorable imaging characteristics. However, increased non-specific skeletal uptake may be an important pitfall of this radioligand. Therefore, we aimed to assess the interobserver variation in reporting skeletal 18F-PSMA-1007 uptake on PET/CT.

Design/methods:

In total, 33 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT scans of 21 patients with primary PCa and 12 patients with biochemical recurrence were included, and a total of 85 skeletal lesions were evaluated by three independent observers. The primary endpoint was the interobserver variability of the likelihood of malignancy of the skeletal lesions on both patient and lesion level (kappa analysis).

Results:

Observers qualified most lesions as not malignant (81–91%) and the overall mean interobserver agreement was moderate on both patient (κ: 0.54) and lesion level (κ: 0.55). In 52 lesions without corresponding CT substrate, the rating resulted in not malignant in 95–100%. Availability of additional imaging (60% of lesions) did not improve interobserver agreement (κ: 0.39 on lesion level) and resulted in unchanged rating for all observers in 78%.

Conclusion:

This interobserver analysis of skeletal 18F-PSMA-1007 uptake resulted in moderate agreement, in line with rates reported in literature. Importantly, the presence of non-specific skeletal uptake without CT substrate, as a potential shortcoming of 18F-PSMA-1007, did not impair interobserver agreement.