bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relevance of Evolutionary Significant Units for the conservation of island-restricted reptiles: Tarentola boettgeri bischoffi as a case study
Authors: Rato Catarina , Oliveira Paulo , Menezes Dília , Funk Stephan M. , Rebelo Rui , Nogales Manuel , Rocha Ricardo
Published: June 2024

Within vertebrates, reptiles are good island colonisers, often leading to considerable levels of intraspecific diversity among populations inhabiting different islands/archipelagos. This study explores the mitochondrial phylogeographic structure of Tarentola boettgeri, a gecko species endemic to the Macaronesian archipelagos of Selvagens and the Canary Islands. Our research introduces a novel monophyletic group, comprising the populations from the islands of Selvagem Pequena and Ilhéu de Fora. Furthermore, we confirm the previously identified genetic clusters associated with Selvagem Grande, Gran Canaria and El Hierro. We estimate that the origin of T. boettgeri dates to the upper Miocene (ca. 6.4 Mya), and that the separation of T. boettgeri bischoffi on Selvagem Grande, Selvagem Pequena, and Ilhéu de Fora, occurred ca. 0.5 Mya. The absence of genetic differences between Selvagem Pequena and Ilhéu de Fora suggests recent gene flow or founder events, possibly facilitated by land connections during major glaciations. Conversely, the geographic barriers between Selvagem Grande and Selvagem Pequena likely persisted, preventing genetic admixing. The significant genetic distances observed among all populations underscore the necessity of an integrative taxonomic revision for T. boettgeri. In light of our findings, and with particular consideration of the small population sizes of T. boettgeri bischoffi on Selvagem Pequena and Ilhéu de Fora, we propose that the identified monophyletic groups should be managed as Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs). Accordingly, our study highlights the importance of recognizing ESUs in island-restricted reptile populations for targeted conservation efforts, especially given their unique intraspecific diversity and the vulnerability of their habitats.
Teaching the Historical Jesus over Three Decades, from Waikato to London
Authors: Taylor Joan E.
Published: June 2024

Having taught the subject of the historical Jesus for more than thirty years, from New Zealand to London, I review from a personal perspective what has changed, and how I have taught the course over the decades. Overall, it seems harder to teach now than ever before, for reasons explored here.
Glassware Influences the Perception of Orange Juice in Simulated Naturalistic versus Urban Conditions
Authors: Wu Chunmao , Li Pei , Spence Charles
Published: June 2024

The latest research demonstrates that people’s perception of orange juice can be influenced by the shape/type of receptacle in which it happens to be served. Two studies are reported that were designed to investigate the impact, if any, that the shape/type of glass might exert over the perception of the contents, the emotions induced on tasting the juice and the consumer’s intention to purchase orange juice. The same quantity of orange juice (100 ml) was presented and evaluated in three different glasses: a straight-sided, a curved and a tapered glass. Questionnaires were used to assess taste (aroma, flavour intensity, sweetness, freshness and fruitiness), pleasantness and intention to buy orange juice. Study 2 assessed the impact of the same three glasses in two digitally rendered atmospheric conditions (nature vs urban). In Study 1, the perceived sweetness and pleasantness of the orange juice was significantly influenced by the shape/type of the glass in which it was presented. Study 2 reported significant interactions between condition (nature vs urban) and glass shape (tapered, straight-sided and curved). Perceived aroma, flavour intensity and pleasantness were all significantly affected by the simulated audiovisual context or atmosphere. Compared to the urban condition, perceived aroma, freshness, fruitiness and pleasantness were rated significantly higher in the nature condition. On the other hand, flavour intensity and sweetness were rated significantly higher in the urban condition than in the natural condition. These results are likely to be relevant for those interested in providing food services, or company managers offering beverages to their customers.
The Nursing Crisis of the 1960s: Origins and Municipal Crisis Management
Authors: Pfütsch Pierre , Kreutzer Susanne
Published: June 2024

The nursing crisis that developed in West Germany in the 1960s was considered a major social challenge. The causes were complex and lay primarily in the denominational motherhouse system, which gradually began to erode around this time. The problem of a shortage of young staff went in tandem with the dissolution of the old structures and was exacerbated by an expansion of the hospitals, which required more and more personnel. The responses varied greatly from region to region. The example of the city of Stuttgart serves an in-depth examination both of federal policy strategies for solving the problem and of the specific implementation of these strategies within local communities. Measures included advertising for new staff, diversifying training, recruiting foreign nursing staff, and improving working conditions.
When Infant Mortality Was Born: Dutch Preventive Child Health Care without the State, 1890–1930
Authors: van der Meer Martijn , Jacobs Noortje
Published: June 2024

This article investigates the emergence of Dutch preventive child health care in the first decades of the twentieth century. It shows that the rise of collective action on this terrain followed from the recognition of “infant mortality” as a public problem – a late–nineteenth century configuration that went hand in hand with the professionalisation of paediatrics. It also shows that the organisational forms that this collective action took depended on whose health was perceived to be at stake in specific articulations of the public problem of infant mortality. Finally, this article explores the motives of the Dutch state in the organisation of public health in the interbellum and queries the relationship between the state and public health more broadly. Drawing on pragmatist philosophy, we argue that states are best understood as the result of historically contingent processes that take on different forms in different times and places. Such histories enable a better view of the elements at play in the organisation of collective action and of the pivotal role played therein by the perception of public problems.
Integrated morphological and molecular approaches unveil a new species and a new record of the genus Entoloma (Entolomataceae) from southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: ASIF MUHAMMAD , SABA MALKA , AKRAM WAJAHAT , MAULA FAZLI , RAZA MUBASHAR
Published: June 2024

In southern Punjab, Pakistan, the genus Entoloma remains poorly explored. Four collections of the genus Entoloma were collected during the mycological surveys from 2020 to 2022, in different areas of southern Punjab, Pakistan. Morpho-anatomical and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and combined ITS-28S sequences revealed that these four collections belong to the genus Entoloma Rusticoides group including a new species named E. khalidii and a new record for Pakistan, named E. phaeocarpum. The new species is characterized by a hemispherical to convex pileus with dark brown depressed center, slightly smaller isodiametric basidiospores, the presence of clavate to utriform cheilocystidia, and pileipellis hyphae with rounded ends. These findings underscore the importance of morphological, microscopical, and molecular approaches in fungal taxonomy and contribute to unveiling the fungal diversity in underexplored regions. The discovery of these species emphasizes the significance of continued exploration and conservation efforts to preserve myco-diversity in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Colored photographs of fresh basidiomata and habitats, illustrations of key anatomical characters, detailed descriptions, phylogenetic trees, and comparisons with closely related species are also provided.
Surface Currents and Relative-Wind Stress in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Simulations of the Northern California Current System
Authors: Samelson R. M. , Durski S. M. , Chelton D. B. , Skyllingstad E. D. , Barbour P. L.
Published: June 2024

The dependence of surface-current damping on the definition of surface current for the relative wind is examined in coupled ocean–atmosphere numerical simulations of the northern California Current System (nCCS) during March–October 2009. The model response is analyzed for wind stress computed from relative wind for six different choices of effective model surface velocity. Simulations without surface-current coupling are also considered. As a function of the geographically varying uppermost grid-level depth, the model uppermost grid-level velocity is found to have a wind-drift component with a log-layer structure. Mean geostrophic wind work is concentrated in the shelf and slope regions during March–May (MAM) and in the deep offshore region in June–September (JJAS). The surface-current damping effect on ocean kinetic energy depends more strongly on the parameterization of atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL) turbulence than on the surface-current coupling formulation: weaker PBL mixing gives stronger surface-current damping. The damping effect is stronger in the less energetic offshore region than in the more energetic region closer to the coast. During MAM, the changes in kinetic energy and geostrophic wind work in the shelf and slope regions are spatially correlated, while during JJAS, the changes in geostrophic wind work are strongly modulated by SST–stress coupling. The wind-drift-corrected surface-current formulations result in large changes in the effective wind work based on the product of stress and relative-wind surface current but result in only small changes in the kinetic energy of the circulation.

Significance Statement

Ocean currents and atmospheric winds are coupled by the exchange of momentum across the air–sea interface, the strength of which depends on the relative wind, the difference between the surface wind and surface current. The purpose of this work was to examine the dependence of a coupled ocean–atmosphere model of the northern California Current System (nCCS) on the representations of the relative-wind surface current and turbulent mixing in the lower atmosphere. The model surface current was found to have a shallow wind-drift response. The model ocean circulation was driven primarily by near-coast winds during the spring and by offshore winds during the summer. The ocean response depended more strongly on the atmospheric turbulent mixing than on the surface current representation.
Association of Medical School Gap Year Research and Degree Programs With Otolaryngology Interview and Match Outcomes
Authors: Boyi Trinithas , Benjamin William J. , Lenze Nicholas R. , Brenner Michael J. , Mihalic Angela P. , Kupfer Robbi A. , Judson Benjamin L. , Lee Yan H.
Published: June 2024

Objective:

To investigate whether a gap year for either research or a master’s degree is associated with interview offers or match outcomes among otolaryngology applicants.

Methods:

Using the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency (Texas STAR) database, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of otolaryngology applicants from 2018 to 2022. Applicants were stratified based on the presence and type of gap year during medical school. Applicant characteristics, signaling, research productivity, and application costs were analyzed, with primary outcomes including number of interview offers and match status.

Results:

Among 564 otolaryngology applicant respondents to the Texas STAR survey, 160 (28%) reported a gap year, including 64 (40%) applicants participating in a research year, 65 (41%) completing a Master of Public Health or Science (MPH and MSc), and 31 (19%) completing a Master of Business Administration, Education, or other degree (MBA and MEd). Gap-year applicants who completed a research year or MPH/MSc degree received more interview offers ( P < .01) than MBA, MEd applicants, or those without a gap year. Applicants with a research year had the most publications, oral presentations, abstracts, posters, and research experiences (all P < .01). When controlling for USMLE scores, clerkship honors, and applications submitted, applicants completing a research year or an MPH/MSc-degree received increased interview offers ( P < .01). No significant differences were seen in expenditures or match rates.

Conclusions:

Research and MPH/MSc gap years were associated with increased residency interview offers but not increased match success. Further longitudinal studies are needed to assess how yearlong experiences affect long-term career outcomes.
Persistent unmet need for surgical care in Western Uganda
Authors: Robert Mugarura , Jonathan Nek Arthur , Kisakye Nakitto Irene , Mary Katushabe , Mutakoha Elichum
Published: June 2024

Treatable surgical diseases account for a significant proportion of the global burden of disease, particularly in low- and middle-income communities. The number of deaths owing to poor surgical care or its non-availability has been reported to exceed those from HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined. The Ugandan government and its development partners aim to put in place measures to achieve universal health coverage for all communities. These include construction and equipping health facilities, training of health workers, opening up road networks, and poverty alleviation programmes. However, these efforts have, as yet, fallen short as evidenced by external hernias remaining the leading cause of intestinal obstruction for more than 40 years. We recommend establishment of global surgery collaborations with rural-based medical training schools and other health facilities, essential surgical skills training for medical students, task shifting in surgical care and integration of regular surgical camps in the Uganda's healthcare delivery model.
The Creation Theory of Entrepreneurship and Lean Startup Frameworks: Complementary or Contradictory?
Authors: Alvarez Sharon A. , Barney Jay B. , Arikan Asli M. , Arikan Ilgaz
Published: June 2024

The practitioner framework, the Lean Startup, largely based on the experience of Blank (2013), and developed separately from scholarly work, has none-the-less made inroads in the academic literature. In reconciling The Lean Startup framework with entrepreneurship theory, Blank and Eckhardt argue that theory work in entrepreneurship is fragmented. However, this paper argues that these theories may not be as fragmented as implied. Indeed, many theories in entrepreneurship can be grouped into two “families”—one of which is broadly consistent with the model in The Lean Startup, while the other is deeply inconsistent with this model but consistent with an important theory in entrepreneurship: the Creation Theory of Entrepreneurial Opportunities. What this paper shows is that there are important differences that lead to boundary conditions between these two families of theory. More profound, these different approaches to the entrepreneurship process suggest they should be applied in different entrepreneurial settings and at different points in the process. This paper examines the link between the Creation Theory of Entrepreneurship and its associated family of theories and the Lean Startup framework and its associated family of theories, such as Discovery, IO Nexus, The Scientific Method, and so forth. The paper concludes by describing the different contexts under which each family of theories apply and suggests future research that empirically test the boundary conditions of these different theory families.
Post-stroke cognitive impairment and brain hemorrhage are augmented in hypertensive mice
Authors: Wong Zhang David E , Gibson Hughes Tayla A , Figueiredo Galvao Hericka B , Lo Cecilia , Dinh Quynh Nhu , Zhang Shenpeng R , Kim Hyun Ah , Selvaraji Sharmalee , Clarkson Andrew N , Arumugam Thiruma V , Drummond Grant , Sobey Christopher G , De Silva T Michael
Published: June 2024

Hypertension is a major risk factor for both stroke and cognitive impairment, but it is unclear whether it may specifically affect post-stroke cognitive impairment. We assessed the effect of hypertension and/or stroke on brain injury, cognitive outcome, and the brain transcriptomic profile. C57BL/6J mice (n = 117; 3–5 mo.) received s.c. infusion of either saline or angiotensin II followed by sham surgery or photothrombotic stroke targeting the prefrontal cortex seven days later. Cognitive function was assessed with the Barnes maze and RNA sequencing was used to quantify transcriptomic changes in the brain. Angiotensin II treatment produced spontaneous hemorrhaging after stroke. In the Barnes maze, hypertensive mice that received stroke surgery had an increased escape latency compared to other groups (day 3: hypertensive + stroke = 166.6 ± 6.0 s vs. hypertensive + sham = 122.8 ± 13.8 s vs. normotensive + stroke = 139.9 ± 10.1 s vs. normotensive + sham = 101.9 ± 16.7 s), consistent with impaired cognition. RNA sequencing revealed >1500 differentially expressed genes related to neuroinflammation in hypertensive + stroke vs. normotensive + stroke, which included genes associated with apoptosis, microRNAs, autophagy, anti-cognitive biomarkers and Wnt signaling. Overall, we show that the combination of hypertension and stroke resulted in greater learning impairment and brain injury.
Experimental Research and Application of Small-Strain Soil Hardening Model Parameters in a Major Project in Hangzhou
Authors: Chen Yun , Shen Danyi , Luo Minmin , Huang Jiasheng , Shen Panpan
Published: June 2024

According to current research, the small-strain soil hardening model (HSS model) is being used more and more widely because it can consider the small-strain characteristics of soil, making the corresponding numerical analysis results more accurate. At present, research into the test value of HSS model parameters of soil mass is mainly concentrated in Shanghai. Given the limits of the test conditions, there has been notably insufficient research into the value of small-strain parameters. Considering the regional differences of soil parameters, this paper, based on an actual project, conducts the HSS model parameter test value study on the main soil layers in the west of Hangzhou, focusing on the value study of small-strain parameters. The corresponding results are used for numerical analysis. The research shows that, compared with the Mohr–Coulomb model, the numerical analysis results using the HSS model are obviously closer to the measured data, and the prediction of the lateral deformation and its change law of the diaphragm wall is obviously more accurate. At the same time, when other HSS model parameters are unchanged, the numerical results using in situ small-strain parameters are closer to the measured results than using indoor small-strain parameters, and the corresponding deformation prediction accuracy is higher. The research results provide valuable references for determining HSS model parameters and engineering applications in the western area of Hangzhou.
D-dimer levels predict the treatment efficacy and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
Authors: Wu Yuchen , Liu Xin , Li Huihui , Wang Wenjing , Ye Lisha , Zhou Yun , Chen Da
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to explore the value of D-dimer levels in predicting the treatment efficacy and prognosis of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors.

Methods

The study retrospectively analyzed 233 ESCC patients who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The optimal cut-off values for platelets, fibrinogen, and D-dimer were calculated based on maximally selected rank statistics for patients’ overall survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses of progression-free survival and overall survival were conducted by Cox proportional hazards regression model. Subgroup analyses of D-dimer levels in different fibrinogen levels were performed by log-rank test.

Results

The multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that ESCC patients with D-dimer levels > 236 ng/mL exhibited both poorer progression-free survival ( P = 0.004) and overall survival ( P < 0.0001) compared to those with low D-dimer levels. The subgroup analyses further indicated that in the group of low fibrinogen levels, the higher D-dimer levels of ESCC patients exhibited significantly shorter progression-free survival ( P = 0.0021) and overall survival ( P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

The study revealed that the D-dimer levels possess predictive value for the treatment efficacy and prognosis of ESCC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
Methodological individualism and agent-based computational simulation: A reply to Kincaid and Zahle
Authors: Di Iorio Francesco
Published: June 2024

This study reflects on Harold Kincaid and Jule Zahle’s view that there is no necessary association between methodological individualism and agent-based models because the analysis of social phenomena in terms of the latter cannot always be regarded as an implementation of the former. Their view remains in contention with the standpoint of several philosophers of science and social scientists, including Chen and Di Iorio. Kincaid and Zahle’s main argument against such a standpoint is that agent-based simulation is compatible with holistic explanations that are at odds with methodological individualism. The following study argues that Kincaid and Zahle’s conclusion remains untenable since it stems from inaccurate historical assumptions concerning the tradition of methodological individualism and the way the individualism-holism debate is understood within this tradition.
The Modifying Effects of Response Style on the Criterion-Related Validity of a Curriculum-Based Measure
Authors: Berenbon Rebecca F. , D’Agostino Jerome V. , Rodgers Emily M.
Published: June 2024

Curriculum-based measures (CBMs) such as Word Identification Fluency promote student achievement, but because they are timed and administered frequently, they are prone to variation in student response styles. To study the impact of WIF response styles, we created and examined the validity of a novel response style measure and examined the degree to which it moderated the validity of WIF growth slopes as a predictor of student outcomes. Students who moved quickly through the WIF (speeders) exhibited greater growth compared to non-speeders with similar WIF slopes on a criterion measure, and WIF growth explained the most variance in growth on the criterion measure among speeders. Response style was rather consistent within students and across students within teachers, suggesting that teachers’ instructions and testing practices may influence how students approach the tests. Implications of the findings for effective CBM testing are discussed.
Beyond the Camp High: The Contribution of Christian Summer Camps to the Development of Owned Personal Faith
Authors: Botting Rachael , Lawson Kevin , Carr Jane
Published: June 2024

This study sought to understand the contribution of repeat adolescent summer camp experiences within the larger landscape of adolescent faith formation. Using a qualitative approach with a sample of former, multi-year attendees of Christian camps in Wisconsin and Michigan, this study demonstrated that Christian summer camps may help facilitate the development of owned faith and foster affiliation with the body of Christ.
A Popular Backlash against Globalization?
Authors: Colantone Italo , Ottaviano Gianmarco , Stanig Piero
Published: June 2024

Is there a popular backlash against globalization? When did it start and in which forms? What do we know about its causes? We address these questions in the context of advanced democracies. We see the ‘globalization backlash’ as the political shift of voters and parties in a protectionist and isolationist direction, with substantive implications on governments’ leaning and enacted policies. We discuss the empirical evidence on the backlash. We develop a theoretical discussion within the framework of the crisis of embedded liberalism. We nest within this framework theoretical results from international economics showing how the backlash may arise within standard trade models when considering the ‘social footprint’ of globalization. These theoretical insights are consistent with available empirical evidence pointing to the role of globalization as a driver of the backlash. Yet, globalization is only one of the drivers of the backlash. There are other economic factors playing a similar role, such as technological change, fiscal austerity, and immigration. Moreover, cultural concerns such as status threat, authoritarianism, and nativism do play a relevant role, with a significant interplay with economic drivers. This calls for a broad and comprehensive approach to the backlash, both from an academic and from a policy making perspective.
Landscape heterogeneity and response of lake ecosystems to changes in climate and peatland expansion over the past 7500 years at the tundra-forest border of northern Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Umbanhowar Charles E , Camill Philip , Edlund Mark , Hobbs Will O , Geiss Christoph , Stefanova Vania , Lynch Jason A
Published: June 2024

Responses of Arctic lakes to climate change are complex and heterogeneous at regional to local scales, but there are few studies comparing multiple sites within the same landscape. We studied sediment cores recovered from seven lake sites located within the forest-tundra biome of northern Manitoba, Canada. We first used sediment core pollen from the seven sites to reconstruct July temperatures and total annual precipitation for the past 7500 years based on the modern analog technique. Lake responses and peatland expansion were analyzed based on changes in the concentration and quality of organic matter, biogenic silica (bSi), Sphagnum spores, and published peat core basal dates. Changes in sediment organic matter and bSi were concentrated prior to 4500 cal. Yr BP. From 7500 to 3100 cal. Yr BP, July temperatures rose by ~3°C, and total annual precipitation fell by 200 mm; there was little change in temperature or precipitation after 3100 cal. Yr BP. Sphagnum spore concentrations exceeded 0.5% at all of the sites at 7500 cal. Yr BP indicating the early presence of peatlands. Spores increased markedly after 4500 cal. Yr BP in agreement with timing of peat basal dates, but the magnitude and timing of changes varied widely among sites likely reflecting local differences in hydrology or topography. The use of hierarchical generalized additive models provided a unified regional pattern of Holocene climate for northern Manitoba, even though lake responses to climate and peatland expansion differed greatly.
Response to Feldman: Minimal Penetration of Practice Relevant Research—Challenge Remains
Authors: Solomon Phyllis
Published: June 2024

The social work profession has enhanced its research capabilities since the 1991 Task Force on Social Work Research. However, these impressive changes have not closed the research-practice gap or made substantial contributions to empirically supported social work practice knowledge. Modified challenges as presented by Feldman are offered along with suggested recommendations.
The Political Psychology of Cancel Culture: Value Framing or Group Identity?
Authors: Diether Elle , Yi Suzy , Argyle Lisa P. , Busby Ethan C.
Published: June 2024

“Cancel culture” has become a prominent phrase in US political commentary, with supporters and opponents relying on different value-based arguments to express their views. At the same time, these camps often fall along predictable partisan political lines. What, then, are the real motivations for promoting and opposing behaviors sometimes labeled as “canceling” in contemporary American politics? We explore this question through survey data from Pew in 2020 and two original survey experiments, conducted on the 2021 CES and a 2023 online sample. We examine how Americans define the term “cancel culture,” to what extent cancel culture is linked to both a range of core democratic values, and the role of partisanship in shaping support or opposition to specific behaviors. We observe a significant range of views about cancel culture and document connections to various political values. From our experiments, we find that partisanship is a potent driver of support for and understanding of cancel culture and that value-based framing has a weaker impact as compared to partisanship. Cancel culture provides an important case study of how Americans process conflicting norms and values, including free speech and political accountability, beyond the typical constraints of the formal political system.
Working in the Key of Collaboration: Songwriting and Alternative Ethnography as Research Practice
Authors: Høybye Martin
Published: June 2024

Songwriting offers responses to adversity one may experience when faced with social or environmental change. I propose a way of working that engages with such feelings as grief or hopelessness through collaborative songwriting. Steps in a suggested framework enable participants to co-write lyrics and melody, although participants may not have previous songwriting experience. I intend that this suggested framework may serve as a resource for other artists or arts-based scholars. I then introduce a Question-and-Answer template to further writing about processes of fieldwork encounters. In adapted form, this may be useful for other artists or scholars. Songwriting can be a form of analysis-in-the-making-moment, and songs can be analytical amalgamations of fieldwork and songwriting encounters. Released into the world, they may become hybrid analytical artifacts that communicate research in novel ways. I suggest such research outcomes can add to a conversation around living with repercussions of the climate and bio-diversity crises.
Book review: Fabinyi, Michael and Kate, Barclay, Asia-Pacific Fishing Livelihoods
Authors: Shyamal Manoj
Published: June 2024

Fabinyi, Michael and Kate, Barclay, Asia-Pacific Fishing Livelihoods (Palgrave Macmillan, 2022), 112 pp., $69.99, Hardcover. ISBN: 978-3-030-79590-0 (Hardcover), ISBN: 978-3- 030-79591-7 (eBook).
High-precision Lamb wave evaluation for corrosion damage with model-based Bayesian Optimization and Gaussian meta-modeling strategy
Authors: Ji Dingcheng , Gao Fei , Liu Zongyang , Li Hao , Lin Jing
Published: June 2024

The presence of corrosion damage in metallic structures is a critical problem affecting system safety, which poses challenges for structural maintenance. Ultrasonic Lamb wave testing has shown many benefits, including high sensitivity and a large coverage area. However, multiple external factors are causing a mismatch between the imaging result and the actual damage. This study proposes a Bayesian Optimization-based model calibration framework, incorporating a Gaussian process (GP) measurement model, for accurate corrosion damage quantification. In this method, one critical problem is obtaining the high-fidelity Finite Element Method (FEM) model. The initial FEM model usually has inevitable modeling errors due to necessary simplifications and idealized constraints. Here we introduced Bayesian Optimization by which the numerical model could be calibrated. The calibrated FEM model, which had fewer discrepancies with actual experiments, could generate high-fidelity signals corresponding to various damage severity. Then, the GP measurement model outputted the mean and variance of the corrosion width and depth corresponding to the differences between experiment signals and model outputs. The inversion of damage information from the established GP model was accomplished by the genetic algorithm. Hence, both the damage size and depth could be evaluated with high accuracy. Once the corrosion information along different propagation paths was obtained, it can be combined with the location of the corrosion damage center for locating the edge points of the corrosion damage. In the end, the edge points were fitted using the least square algorithm. Validations were experimentally performed, and the detection result showed good consistency with the actual damage.
An exploratory study into the perceived benefits of, and barriers to, the pedagogical use of puppet play in the early years
Authors: Timmins Sarah , King Pete
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the perceived benefits of and barriers to, using puppets in early years classrooms and childcare settings. An online survey of 121 early years educators revealed that puppets are widely, but infrequently, used in the early years, and are largely found to be valuable pedagogical tools by those that use them. Puppets were reported to benefit play, teaching, wellbeing and the communication of behaviour requirements, as well as positively impacting engagement with learning and behaviour mediation. Frequent users were more positive than infrequent users. Barriers to usage included a lack of confidence or awareness of how to use puppets pedagogically (23%, n = 19), a lack of puppet resources (23%, n = 19) and a series of ‘sub-conscious’ decisions not to use puppets based more on apathy than dislike (49%, n = 40). A small minority (10%, n = 8) made a conscious decision not to use puppets because they were negative about puppets. Training and information are required to encourage more puppet use and raise awareness of the benefits; there is also a need for the provision of puppet resources to realise the pedagogical potential of puppet play in the early years.
Factors affecting the feelings of safety among individuals with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour in residential care: A qualitative study of professional and service users’ perspectives
Authors: Lokman Suzanne , Bal Roland , Didden Robert , Embregts Petri JCM
Published: June 2024

Background: This study focuses on what feeling safe means for people with mild intellectual disabilities and severe challenging behaviour, and which factors affect their sense of safety. Method: Thematic analysis was used to analyse data collected during (1) ethnographic longitudinal research and (2) interviews and focus groups among professionals and service users. Results: Feelings of safety can relate to three main themes: (1) a physical environment that reduces risks and temptations; (2) a reliable, predictable, and supportive environment; and (3) an accepting environment that enables service users to establish a normal life. An analysis of which factors affect service users’ sense of safety identified 20 themes (e.g. team climate) and 34 subthemes (e.g. interactions with other service users). Conclusions: A range of interconnected factors can affect service users’ feelings of safety. Future research should explore what organisations and external actors (e.g. the police) can do to promote those feelings.
Developing an Online Intervention to Equip Tertiary Piano Students With Skills and Strategies for Effective Practice
Authors: Suzuki Akiho , Ginsborg Jane , Phillips Michelle , Franklin Zoe
Published: June 2024

Over recent years, many researchers have developed and tested interventions to help music students practice and prepare for performances effectively. While these interventions have led to positive outcomes, their scalability is currently limited. To address this challenge, we developed PractiseWell, an online intervention to equip tertiary piano students with skills and strategies for effective practice. We used a theory- and evidence-based approach to develop the content. In designing the intervention (i.e., how the content is delivered), we drew on the person-based approach and the literature on design features from the field of healthcare. This article reports the development of PractiseWell in three parts. Part I reports a systematic review that was conducted to inform the content of the intervention. Part II reports the development of PractiseWell using the Guidance for Reporting of Intervention Development (GUIDED) checklist. Part III describes the intervention using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). We discuss implications and future directions for intervention research in the context of performance psychology for musicians.
Social Cohesion Among Various Caste Groups in India
Authors: Debsarma Dhiman , Singha Dhiraj , Choudhary Brikmaditya K
Published: June 2024

This article aimed to contextualise social cohesion among different caste groups in the Indian situations and the implications thereof. There have been multiple direct and indirect policies and their execution as well to promote social cohesion. Political representatives also had arranged a promising democratic model of making a cohesive society by writing and executing the Indian Constitution, but, as of now, such a model seems to be on the verge of collapsing. The question of identity, the assertion of multiple identities, the practices of exclusivist behaviour and so on are some of the barriers in the way of developing a cohesive society. Supremist tendencies and continuous discrimination make the situation more complex and persistent of inequality, which poses a credible challenge to cohesion.
Principles of Algorithmic Management
Authors: Stark David , Vanden Broeck Pieter
Published: June 2024

Our title harks back to Frederick W. Taylor’s influential book. But our identification of the principles of algorithmic management is certainly not advocacy. Our task in this essay is to develop a theory of algorithmic management in relation to fundamental changes in the shape and structure of organization in the 21st century that are reconfiguring boundaries, roles, and relations among managers, workers, engineers, professionals, consumers, and other user categories. In particular, such a theory must be attentive to transformations in the topology of organization. Today, many of the most valuable actors, assets, and activities are not located within the firm but involve a complex entanglement of information flows, practices, and users. This topology gives rise to a distinctive challenge: how to manage when the most valuable assets and activities are not in the firm. Whereas actors in hierarchies command, in markets they contract, and in networks collaborate, on platforms they are co-opted. The co-optation of actors, assets, and activities is undertaken by algorithmic management. To grasp the distinctive principles of algorithmic management, we compare and contrast the features of its ideology and practices with those of scientific management and the more recent collaborative management. Algorithmic management, we argue, operates within a different organizational form, articulates a different ideology, and addresses different managerial problems with different governance principles along different lines of accountability.
Outpatient administration of CAR T-cell therapies using a strategy of no remote monitoring and early CRS intervention
Authors: Furqan Fateeha , Bhatlapenumarthi Vineel , Dhakal Binod , Fenske Timothy S. , Farrukh Faiqa , Longo Walter , Akhtar Othman , D’Souza Anita , Pasquini Marcelo , Guru Murthy Guru Subramanian , Runaas Lyndsey , Abedin Sameem , Mohan Meera , Shah Nirav N. , Hamadani Mehdi
Published: June 2024

Recent studies demonstrating the feasibility of outpatient chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified T-cell therapy administration are either restricted to CARs with 41BB costimulatory domains or use intensive at-home monitoring. We report outcomes of outpatient administration of all commercially available CD19- and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)–directed CAR T-cell therapy using a strategy of no remote at-home monitoring and an early cytokine release syndrome (CRS) intervention strategy. Patients with hematologic malignancies who received CAR T-cell therapy in the outpatient setting during 2022 to 2023 were included. Patients were seen daily in the cancer center day hospital for the first 7 to 10 days and then twice weekly through day 30. The primary end point was to determine 3-, 7-, and 30-day post–CAR T-cell infusion hospitalizations. Early CRS intervention involved administering tocilizumab as an outpatient for grade ≥1 CRS. Fifty-eight patients received outpatient CAR T-cell infusion (33 myeloma, 24 lymphoma, and 1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia). Of these, 17 (41%), 16 (38%), and 9 patients (21%) were admitted between days 0 to 3, 4 to 7, and 8 to 30 after CAR T-cell infusion, respectively. The most common reason for admission was CAR T-cell–related toxicities (33/42). Hospitalization was prevented in 15 of 35 patients who received tocilizumab for CRS as an outpatient. The nonrelapse mortality rates were 1.7% at 1 month and 3.4% at 6 months. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the administration of commercial CAR T-cell therapies in an outpatient setting is safe and feasible without intensive remote monitoring using an early CRS intervention strategy.
Investigating the impact of paternal age, paternal heat stress, and estimation of non-genetic paternal variance on dairy cow phenotype
Authors: Fouéré Corentin , Hozé Chris , Besnard Florian , Boussaha Mekki , Boichard Didier , Sanchez Marie-Pierre
Published: June 2024

Background

Linear models that are commonly used to predict breeding values in livestock species consider paternal influence solely as a genetic effect. However, emerging evidence in several species suggests the potential effect of non-genetic semen-mediated paternal effects on offspring phenotype. This study contributes to such research by analyzing the extent of non-genetic paternal effects on the performance of Holstein, Montbéliarde, and Normande dairy cows. Insemination data, including semen Batch Identifier (BI, a combination of bull identification and collection date), was associated with various traits measured in cows born from the insemination. These traits encompassed stature, milk production (milk, fat, and protein yields), udder health (somatic cell score and clinical mastitis), and female fertility (conception rates of heifers and cows). We estimated (1) the effects of age at collection and heat stress during spermatogenesis, and (2) the variance components associated with BI or Weekly aggregated BI (WBI).

Results

Overall, the non-genetic paternal effect estimates were small and of limited biological importance. However, while heat stress during spermatogenesis did not show significant associations with any of the traits studied in daughters, we observed significant effects of bull age at semen collection on the udder health of daughters. Indeed, cows born from bulls collected after 1500 days of age had higher somatic cell scores compared to those born from bulls collected at a younger age (less than 400 days old) in both Holstein and Normande breeds (+ 3% and + 5% of the phenotypic mean, respectively). In addition, across all breeds and traits analyzed, the estimates of non-genetic paternal variance were consistently low, representing on average 0.13% and 0.09% of the phenotypic variance for BI and WBI, respectively (ranging from 0 to 0.7%). These estimates did not significantly differ from zero, except for milk production traits (milk, fat, and protein yields) in the Holstein breed and protein yield in the Montbéliarde breed when WBI was considered.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that non-genetic paternal information transmitted through semen does not substantially influence the offspring phenotype in dairy cattle breeds for routinely measured traits. This lack of substantial impact may be attributed to limited transmission or minimal exposure of elite bulls to adverse conditions.
Genome-wide characterization and analysis of rice DUF247 gene family
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Liu Yixi , Liu Fang , Yang Jun , Sohail Amir , Lu Chengkai , Xu Peng
Published: June 2024

Background

The domain of unknown function 247 (DUF247) proteins is involved in plant development and stress response. Rice is an important worldwide cereal crop, although an increasing number of DUF proteins have been identified, the understanding of DUF proteins is still very limited in rice.

Results

In this study, we identified 69 genes that encode DUF247 proteins in the rice (Oryza sativa) genome by homology searches and domain prediction. All the OsDUF247 proteins were classified into four major groups (I, II, III and IV) by phylogenetic analysis. Remarkably,OsDUF247genes clustered on the chromosomes solely show close phylogenetic relationships, suggesting that gene duplications have driven the expansion of theDUF247gene family in the rice genome. Tissue profile analysis showed that mostDUF247genes expressed at constitutive levels in seedlings, roots, stems, and leaves, except for seven genes (LOC_Os01g21670,LOC_Os03g19700,LOC_Os05g04060,LOC_Os08g26820,LOC_Os08g26840,LOC_Os08g26850andLOC_Os09g13410) in panicles. These seven genes were induced by various abiotic stress, including cold, drought, heat, hormone treatment, and especially salt, as demonstrated by further experimental analysis. DUF247 proteins contain transmembrane domains located on the membrane, suggesting their significant roles in rice development and adaptation to the environment.

Conclusions

These findings lay the foundation for functional characterizations ofDUF247genes to unravel their exact role in rice cultivars.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of GRAS gene family in Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Lu Haifei , Xu Jianmin , Li Guangyou , Zhong Tailin , Chen Danwei , Lv Jiabin
Published: June 2024

Background

TheGRASgene family is a class of plant-specific transcription factors with important roles in many biological processes, such as signal transduction, disease resistance and stress tolerance, plant growth and development. So far, no information available describes the functions of theGRASgenes inEucalyptus grandis.

Results

A total of 82GRASgenes were identified with amino acid lengths ranging from 267 to 817 aa, and mostEgrGRASgenes had one exon. Members of theGRASgene family ofEucalyptus grandisare divided into 9 subfamilies with different protein structures, while members of the same subfamily have similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Moreover, theseEgrGRASgenes expanded primarily due to segmental duplication. In addition,cis-acting element analysis showed that this family of genes was involved involved in the signal transduction of various plant hormones, growth and development, and stress response. The qRT-PCR data indicated that 18EgrGRASgenes significantly responded to hormonal and abiotic stresses. Among them, the expression ofEgrGRAS13,EgrGRAS68andEgrGRAS55genes was significantly up-regulated during the treatment period, and it was hypothesised that members of theEgrGRASfamily play an important role in stress tolerance.

Conclusions

In this study, the phylogenetic relationship, conserved domains,cis-elements and expression patterns ofGRASgene family ofEucalyptus grandiswere analyzed, which filled the gap in the identification ofGRASgene family ofEucalyptus grandisand laid the foundation for analyzing the function ofEgrGRASgene in hormone and stress response.