bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Community-based COVID-19 vaccination services improve user satisfaction: findings from a large household survey in Bali Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ariawan I. Made Dwi , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Yuliyatni Putu Cintya Denny , Widyanthini Desak Nyoman , Sutarsa I. Nyoman
Published: August 2024

Background Understanding community preferences for vaccination services is crucial for improving coverage and satisfaction. There are three main approaches for COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia: health facility-based, community-based, and outreach approaches. This study aims to assess how the vaccination approaches impact user satisfaction levels. Methods This study was part of a large household survey involving 12,120 respondents across nine districts in Bali Province. The study population comprised all residents aged ≥12 years who had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Samples were selected through three stages of systematic random sampling. Data were collected through interviews using structured questionnaires, which included socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination services, and satisfaction levels. Analysis was performed using Chi Square test and logistic regression, with the entire process incorporating weighting factors. Results A total of 12,120 respondents reported receiving their first dose of COVID-19 vaccination. The satisfaction level among vaccine recipients (partial, complete, and booster doses) was high (84.31%). Satisfaction within each SERVQUAL dimension was highest in tangibles (96.10%), followed by responsiveness (93.25%), empathy (92.48%), assurance (92.35%), and reliability (92.32%). There was no significant difference in the overall SERVQUAL score between the health facility and community-based approaches. However, the latter slightly improved user satisfaction across three dimensions: tangibles (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–1.90), reliability (AOR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.42–1.96), and assurance (AOR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.07–1.48). Conclusion During the pandemic, both health facility and community-based approaches resulted in a high satisfaction level. It is recommended that the government prioritise and optimise community-based programs and health facility-based delivery in future vaccination initiatives, especially during public health emergencies.
Exploring diachronic variation in discernment politeness in Ancient Egyptian
Authors: Ridealgh Kim , Almansa-Villatoro M. Victoria
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we investigate evidence of diachronic variation in patterns of Discernment Politeness in letters
written in the ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom (c. 2300–2200 bce) and Late Ramesside period
(c. 1099–1069 bce). We present examples of requests, information acts and honorifics used in these
letters, predominantly those letters sent by subordinates to their superiors, to explore how this relationship dynamic is
linguistically indexed. Our evidence shows that throughout the Old and New Kingdoms, communicative acts were regulated by
behavioural norms dependent on power structures rather than individual volition, with Power being the most dominant social
variable. Finally, we argue that Discernment is a key approach for exploring politeness in texts from ancient Egypt, supporting
current research on the topic, and that the approach used here for the ancient Egyptian material has wider applicability for
diachronic linguistic analyses of remote civilisations which are highly hierarchical.
Metaphor clusters in political discourse
Authors: Athanasiadou Angeliki
Published: August 2024

The paper explores the creative combination of metaphors, both complex and mixed. The data for the study are drawn
from political discourse concerning the target concept of crisis. Building on the argument that constructional parameters
facilitate metaphor clustering, the paper also focuses on adjectival constructions. The general claim that constructional
parameters and figurative meaning are interdependent is thus supported. It is shown that as complex and mixed metaphors are
created, they both reveal and emphasize the speakers’ political ideologies.
Engineering and control of the entanglement for four Magnon modes inside two microwave cavities
Authors: Imara Ziyad , El Anouz Khadija , El Allati Abderrahim
Published: August 2024

We present a model for investigating the entanglement features of four magnon modes in four yttrium-iron-garnet spheres dispersed in two microwave cavities (each cavity containing two spheres), which are driven by a squeezed field under actual experimental conditions. Each two-magnon mode inside each cavity is coupled via a beam splitter. We solve the covariance matrix associated with the four magnons, taking into account the relevant physical parameters. To quantify the degree of entanglement, we use the logarithmic negativity measure. Our study focuses on two parts. First, we study the entanglement properties between magnon modes by modifying the system parameters, and comparing the results with those obtained when we use a single magnon in each cavity, i.e. when one of the two magnons is not coupled to the cavity. In the second part, we give a new method for enhancing and controlling entanglement between magnon modes. We analyze the case where one of the two magnons is not coupled to the cavity, which can result a significant entanglement. Indeed, this goal is met in our situation by including an effective magnon–magnon coupling into both cavities. However, at high temperatures, the entanglement is almost completely broken. It can withstand temperatures of up to hundreds of millikelvin when using an experimentally accessible two-mode squeezed source.
Wide-angle reflection control with a reflective digital coding metasurface for 5G communication systems
Authors: Mao Zhihao , Li Da , Li Er-Ping
Published: August 2024

Metasurfaces have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their powerful electromagnetic wave manipulation capabilities. This paper proposes and validates a single-polarized, angle-adjustable reflective digital coding metasurface. Each unit cell achieves independent reflection phase control by loading a PIN diode for on-off switching. The unit’s design and coding scheme are carefully optimized to ensure the performance of the proposed reconfigurable metasurface. As a validation, a prototype consisting of 16×16 elements is fabricated and measured, with a control signal provided by a field-programmable gate array controller. Experimental results demonstrate angle control of up to ±60° in the frequency range of 3.4 GHz–3.6 GHz, a peak gain of 24.9 dBi in a single channel, and gain exceeding 10 dBi across a 200 MHz operational bandwidth. Furthermore, the performance is validated in a communication system, yielding positive results. The proposed reflective digital coding metasurface contributes to the advancement of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and holds promise for widespread adoption in various communication scenarios.
Vertical instability forecasting and controllability assessment of multi-device tokamak plasmas in DECAF with data-driven optimization
Authors: Tobin M , Sabbagh S A , Zamkovska V , Riquezes J D , Butt J , Cunningham G , Kogan L , Measures J , Blackmore S , Ham C , Harrison J , Berkery J W , Gerhardt S , Bak J G , Lee J , Yoon S W ,   the MAST Upgrade Team
Published: August 2024

Reliable vertical position control will be an essential element of any future tokamak-based fusion power plant in order to reduce disruptions and maximize performance. We investigate methods to improve vertical controllability boundary determination in plasma operational space and demonstrate a data-driven approach based on direct pseudoinversion of operational space data that is rigorously quantitative, applicable in real-time plasma control systems, and physically intuitive to interpret. Applied to historical shot data from entire run campaigns on the MAST-U, KSTAR, and NSTX tokamaks, this approach, implemented in DECAF, improves vertical displacement event identification accuracy to 98.9%–100%. Further, we explore the application of a physics-based vertical stability metric as an early warning forecaster for vertical displacement events. The development of a linear surrogate model for the plasma current density profile, with a coefficient of determination of 0.992 on the training dataset, enables potential employment of this forecaster in real-time. The application of this approach on historical data from the MAST-U MU02 campaign yields a forecaster with 62.6% accuracy, indicating promise for this method when further refined and potentially coupled with other stability metrics.
On the inverse problem of time dependent coefficient in a time fractional diffusion problem by sinc wavelet collocation method
Authors: Bayrak Mine Aylin , Demir Ali
Published: August 2024

The object of this study is to establish the unknown function in a time fractional diffusion problem and the solution as well by utilizing Sinc wavelet collocation method (SWCM) and residual power series method (RPSM) together. SWCM enables us to convert time fractional diffusion problem into a system of fractional ordinary differential and algebraic equations. At this stage, the unknown function and the solution are constructed in the series form by employing RPSM. The novelty of this study is that the combination of SWCM and RPSM is utilized to establish the solution of inverse coefficient problem for the first time. Demonstrative examples are presented to articulate the implementation and importance of the proposed method.
Robust optimal control for a systematic error in the control amplitude of transmon qubits
Authors: Cykiert Max , Ginossar Eran
Published: August 2024

In the era of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum computing as well as in error correcting circuits, physical qubits coherence time and high fidelity gates are essential to the functioning of quantum computers. In this paper, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally, that pulses designed by optimization can be used to counteract the loss of fidelity due to a control amplitude error of the transmon qubit. We analyze the control landscape obtained by robust optimal control and find it to depend on the error range, namely the solutions can get trapped in the basin of attraction of sub-optimal solutions. Robust controls are found for different error values and are compared to an incoherent loss of fidelity mechanism due to a finite relaxation rate. The controls are tested on the IBMQ’s qubit and found to demonstrate resilience against significant ∼10% errors.
Non-Gaussian two mode squeezed thermal states in continuous variable quantum teleportation
Authors: Kumar Chandan
Published: August 2024

We consider a practical scheme for the implementation of non-Gaussian operation, viz., photon subtraction, photon addition, and photon catalysis, on two-mode squeezed thermal state. The generated states are employed as resources in continuous-variable quantum teleportation. The results show that the three non-Gaussian operations can enhance the teleportation fidelity. Considering the success probability of the non-Gaussian operations, we identify single-photon catalysis and single photon subtraction to be optimal for teleporting input coherent states and squeezed vacuum states, at low and intermediate squeezing levels, respectively.
Shock dynamics model based on the conductor hardening and thermal softening effects for single-turn coil
Authors: Ge Aoming , Pan Ziying , Liu Zhengyang , Yang Haocheng , Lv Yiliang , Peng Tao
Published: August 2024

Single-turn coil (STC) is a destructive pulse magnet aiming at 100–300 T ultra-high magnetic field. In this study, a conductor shock dynamics model based on the hardening and thermal softening effects is proposed for STCs. Using this model, the changes in mechanical parameters of the conductor during discharge are investigated. The results show that the yield strength and bulk modulus of the conductors are significantly strengthened during discharge. Moreover, without considering hardening in the simulations, the deformation velocities and displacements of the conductors are higher than when hardening is considered, causing the magnetic fields obtained from the simulation to be smaller than the actual values. The model is validated by checking the consistency of the magnetic flux density at the central axis of the STCs, and the conductor deformation degrees of the simulation results, and the experimental data.
Generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy model in

f
(
ℚ
,

)

theory
Authors: Sharif M , Ibrar Iqra
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the reconstruction technique for the generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy model within the framework of

f
(
Q
,
T
)

gravity (

Q

represents the non-metricity and

T

denotes the trace of the energy-momentum tensor). For this purpose, we implement a correspondence scheme for the configuration of dust fluid within a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. We examine the cosmic behavior of the reconstructed model by studying cosmological diagnostic parameters in conjunction with phase planes. The analysis reveals that within certain ranges of free parameters, the equation of state parameter characterizes a phantom regime. The trajectories on the

ω

DE

−

ω

DE

′

plane indicate a freezing region, while the phase plane of r − s corresponds to the Chaplygin gas model. The squared sound speed parameter provides stable model for the evolutionary paradigm of the Universe. It is worth noting that our results closely align with the recent observational data.
Systematic moment expansion for electroweak baryogenesis
Authors: Kainulainen Kimmo , Venkatesan Niyati
Published: August 2024

We present a systematic moment expansion for solving the semiclassical Boltzmann equations for electroweak baryogenesis. The expansion is developed in powers of adiabatic coordinate velocity, and it is used for computing the CP-violating seed asymmetry at the front of the phase transition wall, that sources the eventual baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU). We implement the method in a benchmark model, with a CP-violating mass arising from a dimension-5 operator coupling the fermion to a singlet scalar field. We find that the higher moment calculations yield a BAU that can significantly differ from the commonly used two-moment approximation. We discuss in detail the underlying approximations in the moment method and propose a new truncation scheme for the expansion, that appears to give more numerically robust results than the previous schemes.
The roles of environment and interactions on the evolution of red and blue galaxies in the EAGLE simulation
Authors: Das Apashanka , Pandey Biswajit
Published: August 2024

We study the evolution of the red and blue galaxies from
z=3 to z=0 using the EAGLE simulation. The galaxies in the blue
cloud and the red sequence are separated at each redshift using a
scheme based on Otsu's method. Our analysis shows that the two
populations have small differences in the local density and the
clustering strength until z=2, after which the red galaxies
preferentially occupy the denser regions and exhibit a significantly
stronger clustering than the blue galaxies. The
significant disparities in cold gas mass and specific star
formation rate (sSFR) observed before z=2 suggest that factors
beyond environmental influences may also contribute to the
observed dichotomy. Interacting galaxy pairs at a given
separation exhibit a higher SFR at increasing redshifts, which may
be linked to the rising gas fractions at higher redshift. As
redshift decreases, the SFR decreases across all separations,
suggesting a gradual depletion of the cold gas
reservoir. At pair separations < 50 kpc, an
anomalous increase in the SFR among paired galaxies in isolation
around z ~ 2 suggests that environmental effects begin to
dominate at this redshift, thereby increasing the rate of galaxy
interactions and the occurrence of starburst galaxies. We observe
a substantial decrease in the blue fraction in paired galaxies
starting from z=1 to the present. However, the decrease in the
blue fraction in paired galaxies with their second nearest neighbour
at a distance greater than 500 kpc continues until z=0.5, after
which the blue fraction begins to increase.
Understanding the L-H isotope effect at the DIII-D tokamak and advancements in synthetic turbulence diagnostics
Authors: Callahan K.J. , Schmitz L. , Pratt Q. , Carter T.A. , Wang G. , Zhang H. , Holland C. , Haskey S.R. , Angulo A. , Bortolon A. , Effenberg F. , Belli E.A. , Chrystal C. , Thome K.E. , Ashourvan A. , Neiser T. , Knolker M. , Khabanov F. , Yan Z. , McKee G.R. , Chaban R. , Wilcox R.S. , Holm A. , Scotti F. , Truong D. , Gerrú R.
Published: August 2024

It is determined that while heat flux differences between hydrogen and deuterium isotope experiments result from natural differences in carbon impurity content at DIII-D, it is not the origin of the low to high confinement mode (L-H) transition isotope effect. More specifically, a two times larger edge radial electric field in hydrogen compared to deuterium is uncovered and believed to play an important role. The origin of this radial electric field difference is determined to have two possible origins: differences in poloidal rotation and turbulent Reynolds stress in the closed field line region, and increased outer strike point temperatures and space potentials on open field lines. Experimental observations from both profile and turbulence diagnostics are supported by nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations using the code CGYRO. Simulations illustrated heat transport isotope effects in the plasma edge and shear layer resulting from differences in impurity content, electron non-adiabaticity, and main ion mass dependent E × B shear stabilization. Turbulence prediction comparisons from flux-matched CGYRO simulations to experimental measurements including electron temperature, density and velocity fluctuations are found to be in good agreement with available data. A dedicated DIII-D experiment in hydrogen was performed to seed more carbon than naturally occurring, to match deuterium experiments, and possibly reduce the L-H power threshold based on gyro-kinetic predictions. To our surprise, while ion temperature gradient (ITG) turbulence was stabilized, nodiscernible change in L-H power threshold were observed in these special hydrogen experiments. In particular, it is noticed that the edge radial electric field and Reynolds stress were observed as nearly unchanging in the presence of ITG stabilization. These experimental data have enabled a more comprehensive picture of the multitude of isotope effects at play in fusion experiments, and the important potential connection between the confined and unconfined plasma regions in regulating L-H transition dynamics.
Characterization of the LEBT based neutron source
Authors: Weissman L. , Kreisel A. , Shor A.
Published: August 2024

Neutron generation by implantation and subsequent beam
interaction of 40 keV deuterons at Soreq Applied Research
Accelerator Facility (SARAF) low energy beam transport (LEBT)
section was measured and characterized. The generation of 2.45 MeV
neutrons by a deuteron beam of several mA was verified by a neutron
spectrometer. Relative neutron yields were studied as a function of
beam energy and beam spot size using two types of available
implantation surfaces. The buildup of neutron yield was studied at
long and short time scales. Absolute neutron yield was measured via
activation at several conditions. The maximum neutron yield that
could be obtained at the SARAF LEBT is of the order of
107 n/s, which presents a convenient source for testing
neutron instrumentation in DC or pulsed mode.
Effect of H2O2 Catalyst on The Ozonation Process of Sugar Palm Fruit Flour (Arenga pinnata Merr.)
Authors: Handayani P A , Nethania J E , Triaji D H K , Rengga W D P , Wulansarie R
Published: August 2024

Sugar palm fruit is a functional food ingredient but its utilization is hindered by its high-water content, that affects its shape and color. To address this issue, an innovation solution emerged to process it into flour to extend shelf life. The sugar palm fruit flour exhibiting a brownish color and whiteness degree (L*) below 80 indicate a deviation from flour standards. Hence, bleaching is needed to enhance flour whiteness. This bleaching procedure involves ozonation with varying H2O2 concentrations (2%, 3%, and 4%) over durations of 30, 60, and 90 minutes and the ratio of water:flour used was in the range of 24:1, 27:1, and 30:1 (wt/wt). Following ozonation, the slurry is separated from water using a centrifuge, then dried in a 60°C incubator until dry, followed by grinding and sieving through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain fine flour. Results were assessed for whiteness degree (L*) and analysed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimal treatment achieved 80.086 whiteness degree (L*), 24.277:1 (wt/wt) ratio of water:flour, and 85.227 minutes ozonation, and 3.841% H2O2 concentration. Proximate analysis showed 65.07% carbohydrate, 2.20% protein, 0.59% fat, 17.40% crude fiber, 13.89% water, and 0.84% ash. The 2nd order polynomial equation is obtained Y = 79,21 − 1,91x1 + 1,38x3.
Analysis of Rigid Pavement Design with Micropile Foundation
Authors: Mukti Dimas Andaru , Setyawan Ary , Setiawan Bambang
Published: August 2024

Micropile is a foundation technology that can be used on rigid pavement constructions that have soft soil foundations with low soil bearing capacity. Deflections and moments that occur on rigid pavements are analyzed with the addition of micropile foundations and without using micropiles. Loading is simulated with a semi-trailer truck, the first loading is on the edge of the plate and the second is in the middle of the plate. The largest deflection value occurs with the results of testing with the micropile placing the load on the edge of 0.3879 mm, and the plate without using a micropile shows a result of 0.4145 mm while the maximum limit for concrete deflection is 0.4 mm so that loading without using a micropile exceeds the deflection capacity. Whereas for loading in the middle with a micropile the results were 0.3563 mm and 0.3564 mm without using a micropile. So that the placement of the micropile is very influential to withstand the deflection that occurs. The biggest moment occurred on the plate without using a micropile with a moment value of 18.758 kNm while when using a micropile the moment that occurred was 18.465 kNm and was sufficient for structural safety.
Application of Nata de Coco and Shrimp Skin Waste as a Material for Production Biodegradable Plastic – Mini Review
Authors: Kusumaningrum Maharani , Ardhiansyah Hanif , Harianingsih  , Pradnya Irene Nindita , Putra Muhammad Rizky Fahrizal , Fadhil Atalla Bintang
Published: August 2024

Environmental pollution is a problem that has not been resolved until now in Indonesia. Especially in the problem of plastic waste which continues to increase at 64 million tons per year. One of the biggest contributors to plastic waste in the community is conventional plastic which is difficult to degrade, resulting in the accumulation of waste. One alternative to overcome this problem is to use biodegradable plastic made from environmentally friendly materials. Biodegradable plastic products utilize nata de coco waste which contains about 42.57% cellulose and shrimp shells with a chitin content of 15-20%. The process of converting cellulose and chitosan into biodegradable plastic requires several processing steps. Chitosan was mixed with distilled water for dissolution and acetic acid (1:99) % by volume was added. Heating and stirring were carried out. Then cellulose and glycerol were mixed and heated using the phase inversion method to produce biodegradable plastic. The product was evaluated through an elongation test, tensile strength test, uji biodegradable, water resistance test, mechanical test, and degradation test to determine the product characteristics. This study aims to help strategies to process nata de coco and shrimp shell waste into biodegradable plastics with an efficient process so that it can help overcome the problem of plastic waste.
The Analysis of Consolidation Acceleration Method on the PVD-Preloading Combination
Authors: Sari Undayani Cita , Mulyono Muhammad Nafi’ , Pamungkas Martinus Novento , Pardoyo Bambang , Atmanto Indrastono Dwi , Admojo Danang Dwi
Published: August 2024

The Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)– Preloading method is the most widely used method to speed up consolidation time on soft soils. This method is considered as one of the most sustainable soil improvement techniques and more environmentally friendly when compared to other soil improvement methods such as chemical stabilization. Using this method will not only save considerable costs in a construction project on soft soils, but will also increase its load-bearing capacity. The geotechnical planning usually uses the Terzaghi 1 D empirical equation to design PVD–Preloading method. In this study, consolidation settlement analysis was carried out at Horizon Nindya Karya Hotel, Semarang. The analysis was carried out based on 3 boreholes, BH.1, BH.2, and BH.3 which were calculated using the one-dimensional Terzaghi empirical method. In addition, this study was also analysed using MIDAS GTS NX for the verification results. The results show that the most effective to accelerate the consolidation settlement is the combination of preloading and installation of triangular pattern PVD with distance of 1.25 m. This combination resulted in consolidation settlements at points BH.1, BH.2, and BH.3 of 1.1075 m for 84 days, 1.3298 m for 82 days, and 1.1905 m for 98 days, respectively.
Impact of biodiesel blends on specific fuel consumption: A meta-analysis
Authors: Iskandar Ranu , Arlinwibowo Janu , Setiadi Rizki , Mujaki Ahmad , Naryanto Rizqi Fitri , Setiyawan Andri , Musyono Ari Dwi Nur Indriawan
Published: August 2024

The increasing number of vehicles causes the use of fuels from crude oil to increase causing increase emissions, diseases in humans, and depletion of the ozone layer. One innovation that has been developed to reduce fuel consumption is biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to re-analyze the impact of biodiesel on fuel efficiency in terms of the percentage of vegetable oils and additives, loadings, and engine speeds. The type of research used is meta-analysis. The articles collected used experimental methods. The choice of experimental method was carried out to compare control variables and experimental variables. The control variable in question was testing specific fuel consumption on 100% petroleum diesel, while the experimental class in question was testing specific fuel consumption on biodiesel blends. Moderator variables were biodiesel blends, engine speeds, and loadings. The analysis process was carried out using R studio. The data entered to produce a forest plot in which there were a value interval and standard error for each study and its conclusions also helped in the calculation of heterogeneity and publication bias. The results showed that data in this study met the assumption of heterogeneity. Data in this study was free from bias publication. There was a significant influence of biodiesel blends on specific fuel consumption because the confidence interval range did not cross zero. All p values > 0.05 so that each moderating variable showed no difference.
Tegal Art and Cultural Center with Inclusive Design Approach
Authors: Nugradi Didik Nopianto Agung , Wulandari Andi Putri Rizki , Hidayat Fahmi Syarif
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is a country that has a diversity of arts and culture, and this is no exception Tegal Regency is located in Central Java Province. Various kinds of arts such as dance Endel masks and Balo-balo music are some examples of the uniqueness of Tegal Regency need to be preserved. It is a shame if this culture is eroded by the times driven by globalization. On this basis it is necessary to have facilities that support activities art and culture, as well as a place where all elements of society gather with the aim of preserving the uniqueness that exists in Tegal Regency.

This research is intended for provide options for the design of a new Art and Cultural Center in Tegal Regency, with the hope of getting preserve art and culture for future generations. In this article the method is used analytical descriptive, namely by collecting, explaining, and describing primary data as well secondary related to the provisions of the planning and design of the Art and Cultural Center in Tegal Regency. The result of this study is the design of a new Art and Cultural Center in Tegal Regency which emphasizes the concept of inclusive design, so that it can facilitate everyone elements of society.
Evaluation of Drainage Channels in Panggong Village, Johan Pahlawan District, West Aceh Regency
Authors: Safriani Meylis , Rafshanjani M. Arrie , Azwanda
Published: August 2024

The research was conducted to address the impact of flooding in Aceh Barat Regency, particularly in Panggong Village. This flooding is caused by the accumulation of rainwater inundating the local area during the rainy season, subsequently leading to river overflow and the inundation of residential areas lacking adequate drainage systems. The aim of the research is to evaluate the capacity of the drainage cross-sections by identifying whether the existing drainage system can accommodate the flood discharge. The research consists of two phases, namely hydrological analysis and hydraulic analysis. The hydrological analysis phase is utilized to determine the planned rainfall and projected discharge by utilizing rainfall data from the BMKG station. Subsequently, the hydraulic analysis phase is employed to assess the capacity of the drainage cross-sections based on the projected 10-year flood discharge using the HEC-RAS 5.0 software. The research findings indicate that the planned rainfall and projected flood discharge for a 10-year recurrence interval are 219.24 mm and 812.393 m3/s, respectively. Hydraulic simulations reveal that there are nine drainage cross-sections that require expansion to address the issue of water overflow. This condition results in the incapacity of the drainage system to handle flood discharges during heavy rainfall. Based on these findings, the recommendations are to expand the cross-sections of the drainage channels at the points experiencing overflow and to perform regular sediment and trash removal from the channels. These actions are expected to increase the drainage capacity and reduce the risk of flooding in the future. Additionally, regular maintenance and monitoring of the existing drainage system are necessary to ensure its optimal performance.
A novel design of symmetrical grating built on D-shaped optical fiber sensor-based surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Osamah Sarah , Fakhri Makram A , Alwahib Ali Abdulkhaleq , Salim Evan T , Ibrahim Raed Khalid , Mohammed Al-B F A , Gopinath Subash C B , Qaeed Motahher A , Ibrahim Hanan I , Ahmed Akram Sh , Shakir Hussein A , Hadi Ban K
Published: August 2024

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is an electromagnetic phenomenon that occurs during the interaction between metals and dielectric materials. Fiber sensors show much attention in the last few decades because of their extremely sensitive performance. A novel design of a Dual symmetrical grating D-shaped fiber (Dual SGD-SF) based plasmonic sensor was theoretically studied. The effects of grating depth and gold and silver thickness were investigated. For the Dual SGD-SF sensor design at analyte RI = 1.5 and grating depth = 0.3 μm, the resonance wavelength at the maximum loss was 2.4 μm. The maximum wavelength sensitivity, resolution, and FOM for Dual SGD-SF were obtained at 2000 nm/RIU, 0.00005 RIU, and 22.22 RIU−1, respectively. This design was proposed for sensing very low concentrations of analyte and helps to discover the variations of refractive indices compared to high-purity liquids. To the best of our knowledge, using a symmetrical grating design as a refractive index sensor has not previously been reported.
Effect of machining parameters on average surface roughness during computer numerical controlled dry milling of high strength AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel
Authors: George Pramod , Selvaraj D Philip , Dhas D S Ebenezer Jacob , George Pradeep
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on developing an empirical model for average surface roughness during computer numerical controlled (CNC) dry milling of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel, utilizing response surface methodology (RSM). Experiments were designed with three levels of axial depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed to quantify their impact on surface roughness. The RSM-Box-Behnken design was employed to construct the empirical model. Model adequacy was validated through residual analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analysis of the main effects and interaction effects revealed that the primary influences on average surface roughness were the feed rate, spindle speed, and axial depth of cut, while interaction effects were less significant. Optimal cutting conditions were determined to be a spindle speed of 1500 rpm, a feed rate of 30 mm min−1, and an axial depth of cut of 0.3 mm. The model’s validity was further confirmed through additional validation tests.
Vibration characteristics of piezoelectric pipe conveying fluid subjected to fluid-structure-electrical interaction
Authors: Chang X P , Hu B , Qu C J , Li Y H
Published: August 2024

This paper mainly investigates the vibration characteristics of piezoelectric pipe conveying fluid subjected to fluid-structure-electrical interaction. Based on the Hamilton’s principle, the dynamic equations of the cantilever piezoelectric pipe subjected to the weight and fluid-structure-electrical interaction are established and solved by using the Galerkin method. Ultimately, complex frequency and critical flow velocity are obtained. The main discussion focused on the influence of electromechanical coupling, resistive load, and dimensionless capacitance on the critical flow velocity under different lengths of piezoelectric materials. It also examined the dynamic trajectories of the real and imaginary parts of the complex frequency under various mass ratios and resistive loads. Furthermore, it explored the impact of parameters representing voltage on the stability of the system. The results indicate various stability evolutions under different lengths of piezoelectric materials, flow velocities, and parameters representing voltage. The stability of the system pipe is influenced by factors such as the length of the piezoelectric material and resistive load.
Committed emissions reductions available from replacement of coal-fired power plants with nuclear plants
Authors: Pope Jason , Coburn Timothy , Bradley Thomas
Published: August 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels, including the predominant energy generation method in many countries, coal power plants, face challenges resulting from the pursuit of climate policy. Modelling performed by intergovernmental organizations detailing scenarios to reach global decarbonization goals include the reduction of burning of fossil fuels and an increase in electrical demand. Replacing coal-fired power plants with technology that produces lower emissions offers a potential solution. In this paper we calculate emissions reductions available from converting coal-fired power plants to nuclear plants in both the U.S. and India, the countries having the world’s largest coal-fired power generation capacity outside of China. We consider potential timelines for the coal to nuclear conversion, and then determine the resulting emissions to help us better understand the impact that a fleet-scale nuclear conversion campaign could have on each nation’s decarbonization goals. Our results indicate that, while the U.S. and India presently have similar installed coal generation capacity and annual emissions, India’s remaining committed emissions are approximately five times greater than those of the U.S. for both a base case and a 46-plant conversion case. We conclude that converting coal-fired power plants to nuclear plants can offer emissions reductions, but that the national impact relies heavily on fleet composition. Although older fleets have the potential to offer annual emissions reductions from retirements and conversions, converting younger fleets can have a much greater impact on committed emissions, which is a better indicator of the potential of coal-to-nuclear conversion in global decarbonization.
Categorifications of Non-Integer Quivers: Types 𝐻₄, 𝐻₃ and 𝐼₂(2𝑛+1)
Authors: Duffield Drew , Tumarkin Pavel
Published: August 2024

We define the notion of a weighted unfolding of quivers with real weights, and use this to provide a categorification of mutations of quivers of finite types

H
4

H_4

,

H
3

H_3

and

I
2

(
2
n
+
1
)

I_2(2n+1)

. In particular, the (un)folding induces a semiring action on the categories associated to the unfolded quivers of types

E
8

E_8

,

D
6

D_6

and

A

2
n

A_{2n}

respectively. We then define the tropical seed pattern on the folded quivers, which includes

c
c

- and

g
g

-vectors, and show its compatibility with the unfolding.
Association of parity with the timing and type of menopause: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Scime Natalie V , Huang Beili , Brown Hilary K , Brennand Erin A
Published: August 2024

We investigated the time-varying association between parity and timing of natural menopause, surgical menopause, and premenopausal hysterectomy among 23,728 women aged 40-65 years at enrollment in the Alberta’s Tomorrow Project cohort study (2000–2022), using flexible parametric survival analysis. Overall, natural menopause was most common by study end (57.2%), followed by premenopausal hysterectomy (11.4%) and surgical menopause (5.3%). Risks of natural menopause before age 50 years were elevated for 0 births (adjusted hazard ratio at age 45: 1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.49) and 1 birth (age 45: 1.21, 1.07-1.38), but similar for ≥3 births (age 45: 0.95, 0.85-1.06), compared to 2 births (reference). Elevated risks of surgical menopause before age 45 years for 0 births (age 40: 1.37, 1.09-1.69) and 1 birth (age 40: 1.11, 0.85-1.45) attenuated when excluding women with past infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss, and reduced risks were observed over time for ≥3 births (age 50: 0.84, 0.75-0.94). Risks of premenopausal hysterectomy were lower before age 50 years for 0 births (age 45: 0.82, 0.76-0.88) but elevated after age 40 years for ≥3 births (age 50: 1.25, 1.08-1.45). These complex associations necessitate additional research on the sociobiological impacts of childbearing on gynecologic health.
A minimal nontrivial example of higher-order evidence
Authors: Cole Stephen R , Shook-Sa Bonnie E , Zivich Paul N , Edwards Jessie K
Published: August 2024

Higher-order evidence (ie, evidence about evidence) allows epidemiologists and other health data scientists to account for measurement error in validation data. Here, to illustrate the use of higher-order evidence, we provide a minimal nontrivial example of estimating the proportion and show how higher-order evidence can be used to construct sensitivity analyses. The proposed method provides a flexible approach to account for multiple levels of distortion in the results of epidemiologic studies.
256 Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis: Is Conservative Management Adequate?
Authors: Motta J , Ezekiel A , Claxton M
Published: August 2024

Aim

NICE advises conservative management for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis in the absence of sepsis (1). This audit assessed adherence to guidelines and effectiveness of treatment through readmission rates within 2 weeks. An educational intervention was developed and audited to improve adherence and raise awareness about adequacy of treatment.

Method

Retrospective data from 31 patients, aged 18-80 years old, presenting in November-December 2022, with acute diverticulitis was collated and stratified against NICE guidelines. Educational interventions were implemented to raise awareness. This included departmental posters, surgical juniors teaching, and patient information leaflet development. A second retrospective dataset, involving 29 patients June-July 2023, assessed for increased adherence. Readmission data was evaluated to ascertain the adequacy of conservative/ oral antibiotic management over intravenous treatment.

Results

16/31 patients in the first cycle were treated according to NICE guidance. 13 were overtreated: 6 received IV antibiotics instead of oral, 7 received oral antibiotics rather than conservative management. 5/31 were readmitted within 2 weeks: 1 managed conservatively (no antibiotics), 3 treated with IV antibiotics (only 1 appropriately). Post-intervention, 7/29 patients were overtreated and none undertreated: 3 received IV antibiotics instead of oral, 4 received oral antibiotics rather than conservative management. There were no readmissions within two weeks. Overall, there was a 17.5% decrease in overtreatment without increased readmissions.

Conclusions

Educational interventions improved adherence to guidelines. Management without intravenous antibiotics did not increase readmission rates, supporting current guidelines.
411 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - Is Our Consenting Up to Scratch?
Authors: Kirkley K , Conroy S , Smith H , Butcher K
Published: August 2024

Aim

To audit whether patients in a district general hospital were being adequately consented for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to standardise the consent process to meet national guidelines.

Method

Consent forms were audited for inclusion of risks associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, as per NHS Websites and the British Benign Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Society. Subsequently, a standardised, pre-populated, consent form sticker was developed, using the aforementioned guidelines, to ensure adequate detail was included when consenting patients for this procedure. Consent forms were later re-audited during two further collection windows.

Results

Pre-intervention, of the thirteen risks stated in the guidelines, 0% of patients were consented for all thirteen. Whilst 100% were consented for ‘conversion to open’, ‘injury to the common bile duct’ (CBD) and ‘deep vein thrombosis (DVT) / pulmonary embolism (PE)', only 58% of forms included ‘chronic pain’, and 5%, ‘chronic diarrhoea’. At first follow-up, 20% of consent forms used the pre-populated sticker and therefore consented all risks. This increased to 75% by the final collection window. Post-intervention, every element had over 80% consenting rate, with 11 of the 13 elements either improving or staying the same.

Conclusions

Use of pre-populated stickers ensured 100% of elements were included when consenting patients for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which could be important in improving informed decision making for patients preoperatively. However, whilst use of stickers somewhat objectifies this process, it cannot account for differences in individual discussions and explanation of risk between the doctor and patient. Suggestions for future development include increasing the provision of relevant preoperative patient information resources.
549 Reducing Inappropriate Abdominal X-Rays Requests for Acute Abdominal Pain in the Emergency Department: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Barrington M , O’Malley E J , Bethune R
Published: August 2024

Aim

Acute abdominal pain is a common presentation to emergency departments (ED) in the UK. Abdominal x-rays (AXR) were historically the first line investigation, however, have been largely replaced by more accurate imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) scanning. The Royal College of Radiologist iRefer guidelines list only a few indications for using AXR in acute abdominal pain. This quality improvement project aimed to reduce the number of inappropriate abdominal x-rays requested for acute abdominal pain in ED.

Method

Baseline data was retrospectively collected over 4 months. AXR indications were assessed against a locally agreed adapted iRefer guideline. Two interventions were introduced including altering the electronic AXR request form (intervention 1) and teaching to ED juniors (intervention 2). Further data collection took place following each intervention implemented. CT scan volume was collected to measure for impact from the request form change.

Results

Baseline data showed 82% of requests were inappropriate, bowel obstruction (BO) was the most frequently requested indication (75%). Inappropriate request rate improved to 74% following intervention 1 and 52% following intervention 2. BO request reduced to 60% and 42% following respective interventions. There was no change in the volume of CT scans requested.

Conclusions

Our project has significantly improved the use of AXR from 82% to 52% and reduced the request rate for BO. Further iterations of the AXR request are planned to continue this improvement and ensure the changes are maintained.
706 Correlation of Clinical Indication and Radiological Assessment for Core Biopsy in Symptomatic Breast Disease
Authors: Singh P , Marchitelli G , Geropoulos G , Elder K
Published: August 2024

Aim

The Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) issues clear guidance on the screening and imaging for symptomatic breast disease. A widely used scoring system (E) classifies clinical findings on a scale of 1-5 with 1 being totally benign and 5 being totally malignant. The RCR recommends that cases where imaging is normal but clinical suspicion is raised, equivalent to at least an intermediate risk (E3 score), require core biopsy. Similarly, patients with intermediate/suspicious ultrasound findings require needle biopsy. This audit aims to review the adherence to these guidelines in a single-centre breast surgery unit.

Method

All patients undergoing breast biopsies from 10/07/23-25/07/23 who were discussed at the breast surgery Multidisciplinary meeting (MDT) were included. Exclusion criteria included patients with known breast cancer diagnosis, or those with no clinical score (E) score reported.

Results

88 patients underwent a biopsy during this period, of whom 23 were excluded. Of the 65 assessed, 37 patients (56.9%) had a malignant result – all of whom had scored at least 3 on their E score. 4 patients were biopsied who did not meet the criteria for this, as they had a low score in each domain of the triple assessment. These biopsy results were all benign.

Conclusions

Our centre adheres well to the RCR guidance on breast biopsies, and the guidelines issued are accurate in detecting malignant breast disease. There remains scope to improve the efficiency of the service as there are instances of arguably unnecessary biopsies being conducted when assessment scores are below the advised threshold.