bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATUS THERMAL COMFORT PADA LINGKUNGAN ATMOSFER PERMUKIMAN DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN DENPASAR BARAT
Authors: Edy Indrawan Kusuma Komang , Kasa I Wayan , Dhana I Nyoman
Published: August 2017

The effect of residential atmosphere environment generally gives environment stress to the life of the dwellers. One of the environment stress source is the unfulfilment of thermal comfort. The rapid development of residential at Denpasar City cause the variation on building density that are low, medium, high, and very high density classifications. Residential configuration of each classification gives very strong influence to status of urban’s thermal comfort. Purpose of the research is to understand the thermal index profile PET, to identify the status of thermal comfort and to analyze the influence of Tmrt to thermal index PET of residential atmosphere environment at West Denpasar Sub-district area. The research was performed at residential atmosphere environment of West Denpasar Sub-district area by using RayMan model simulation to obtain thermal index profile PET. Sampling technique used the stratified random sampling method with data diversity that is used based on the buildings density. The thermal index profile PET of residential of low density classification is the lowest thermal index profile PET compared to the other three classifications, which are the medium, high, and very high density. One hundred percent of status of thermal comfort of residential atmosphere environment is in hot thermal stress and based on average thermal index PET is on physiological stress level of “Strong heat stress”. Tmrt is the most influential variable to thermal index PET. The concept to increase the status of thermal comfort of residential atmosphere environment at West Denpasar area used the bioclimatic approach. Investigation of status of thermal comfort of residential atmosphere environment at West Denpasar Sub-district area has given the directive of urban planning in improving and revitalized urban spaces.
SIMPANAN KARBON PADANG LAMUN DI KAWASAN PANTAI SANUR, KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Ibnu Graha Yoga , Arthana I Wayan , Astawa Karang I Wayan Gede
Published: August 2017

Seagrass is one of the marine resources that considerably potential as a CO2 absorbent and functioned as carbon sinks in the oceans known as blue carbon. The result of carbon sequestration from the process of photosynthesis is stored as carbon stocks on seagrass tissue, or streamed to multiple compartments, such as sediment, herbivores and other ecosystems. This study aims to assess the potential for carbon stock storage in biomass on a tissue of seagrass in Sanur Beach coastal area. The observations of seagrass are included the seagrass type, seagrass stands, and measurement of environmental parameters. Then the sampling was conducted to obtain the value of seagrass biomass. The carbon stocks obtained through the conversion of biomass by using carbon concentration analysis of seagrass tissue and then carried a spatial distribution of carbon stocks. Types of seagrass found in Sanur Beach coastal area consist of eight species that are Enhalus acroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis and Halodule pinifolia. The result of the carbon stock seagrass in the bottom substrate is 60% greater than the carbon stock in the top substrate which is 40%. Seagrass covering 322 ha of Sanur Beach coastal area with a total potential carbon storage of 66.60 tons or 0.21 tons / ha. Seagrass key role as a carbon storage is on the bottom substrate tissue, and Enhalus acroides is a seagrass species that contributes the most to the carbon storage.
RESIDU PESTISIDA GOLONGAN ORGANOFOSFAT KOMODITAS BUAH CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annuum L.) PADA BERBAGAI LAMA PENYIMPANAN
Authors: Surya Utami Dewi I G A , Mahardika I Gede , Antara Made
Published: August 2017

PESTICIDES RESIDUAL OF ORGANOFOSPHATE CLASS OF RED CHILE (Capsicum annuum L.) ON VARIOUS STORAGE DURATIONIn order to control pests and diseases in red chili plants, farmers use pesticides was over as impact leaving residue in the chili. The purpose of this study was to determine type, dose and frequency of pesticides used by the farmers, as well as to determine the organophospate residual in chili on different storage times. This study was conducted in two phases namely survey to 10 respondent farmers in Baturiti district, Tabanan regency used questioner and treatment pilot study used different storage time from  0, 1 and 3 days samples took from Apuan Village, Baturiti, Tabanan. Class of organophosphate pesticide residue analysis conducted in Denpasar Branch Police Forensic Laboratory. The results showed dominant pesticides used was organophosphates profenofos (curacron) 60 % and klorpirifos (kaliandra) 20 %. Dose pesticides used was > 40 ml (> 4 bottle cover volume 10 ml) and > 40 gram (> 4 spoon) for tank volume 17 liter and also > 30 ml (> 3 bottle cover volume 10 ml) and > 30 gram (> 3 spoon) for tank volume 14 liter. Frequency of pesticides used by farmers on 1 plant season was 90 % more than 12 times and the other 10 % used frequency 10-12 times. Farmers do not comply dose and frequency with the pesticides used regulations. Analysis result showed that the treatment effect of different storage time is not real to organophosphate pesticide residues groupon red pepper. The average residues detected are indicating a trend with residue storage profenofos on day 0, 1 and day 3 for 1,20 mg/kg, 2,70 mg/kg and 1,37 mg/kg and the amount of chlorpyrifos residues on the storage day 0, day 1 and day 3 is 0,0027 mg/kg, 0,0039 mg/kg and 0,0021 mg/kg. Profenofos and chlorpyrifos residue content is still below the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) under the provisions of MRL profenofos on red pepper, which is 5 mg/kg and chlorpyrifos, which is 0,5 mg/kg.
DAMPAK KEGIATAN PERTANIAN TERHADAP TINGKAT EUTROFIKASI DAN JENIS – JENIS FITOPLANKTON DI DANAU BUYAN KABUPATEN BULELENG PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Vivin Nopiantari Ni Putu , Arthana I Wayan , Astarini Ida Ayu
Published: August 2017

IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ON EUTROFICATION LEVELS AND TYPES OF FITOPLANKTON IN LAKE BUYAN BULELENG REGENCY PROVINCE OF BALIThis research was conducted to find out the impact of agricultural activities in the various levels of eutrophication and diversity of phytoplankton in Buyan Lake, Buleleng, Bali Province. Purposive sampling method was organized to determining research station, where the sampling stations were determined based on various considerations, such as conditions of study area, and predominant use of agricultural land in the study area. Sampling method of phytoplankton and the lake water were done by setting the 4 stations that represent agricultural activities around Buyan Lake. Phytoplankton samples were taken by filtering the water on the lake surface as much as 100 liters, using the plankton net with a mesh size of 25µm. Phytoplankton parameters was analyzed in laboratory. Data was analyzed using analysis of phytoplankton abundance, Equity index and dominance index. Results showed that abundance of phytoplankton at each stations in Buyan Lake was ranged between 1150 – 1791.67 cells / l. Average abundance of phytoplankton in all stations was 1504.17 cells / l. Based on the abundance of phytoplankton, waters of Buyan Lake was classified into water that have low fertility rate (oligotrophic). Agricultural activities around Buyan Lake resulted a moderate eutrophication level (mesotrofik).
EVALUASI DAN PENETAPAN LAHAN PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN DI KABUPATEN BANGLI
Authors: Adnyana I Made , Puja I Nyoman , Arthagama I Dewa Made
Published: August 2017

EVALUATION AND DETERMINATION OF SUSTAINABLE LAND AGRICULTURE FOR PREVENTION OF LAND CONVERSION IN BANGLI REGENCYThe research was done in the area of ??paddy soil in  Bangli District, Bangli Regency  to identification, evaluation, and mapping the paddy soil area that have to maintain as a sustainable agriculture. To achieve these objectives, the research conducted through several activities, namely: soil survey and environment, physical and chemistry of soil analysis, and   mapping the model of the prevented exchangeable paddy soil functions. Depend on plan lay out space (called RTRW) of Bangli regency, there were two models of sustainable agriculture decision at district of Bangli, where in each model, land (Subak) mapping as subak everlasting, subak buffer, and Subak convertion. Subak convertion was have opportunity to changing function. Subak convertion of Model I as 158,68 ha (2011 – 2021) and Model II as 78,14 ha (2021 – 2031) respectively.
PERFORMANS DAN INDEKS KELEMBABAN SUHU KELINCI JANTAN (Lepus nigricollis) YANG DIPELIHARA DENGAN LUAS LANTAI KANDANG DAN DIBERI RANSUM DENGAN IMBANGAN ENERGI DAN PROTEIN BERBEDA
Authors: Puspani Eny , N. G. K. Roni , I. M. Nuriyasa
Published: August 2017

Penelitian yang bertujuan mempelajari indeks kelembaban suhu atau temperature humidity index dan performans kelinci jantan lokal pada kepadatan ternak berbeda dan diberi ransum dengan imbangan energi protein berbeda telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola Faktorial 2 x 3 dengan empat kali ulangan (blok). Sebagai perlakuan pertama adalah imbangan energi dan protein pada ransum (R) yang terdiri dari ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis 2500 kkal/kg dan protein kasar 17% dengan imbangan energi dan protein 147 (R1), ransum dengan kandungan energi termetabolis 2800 kkal/kg dengan kandungan protein kasar 18,5% dengan imbangan energy dan protein 151 (R2). Sebagai perlakuan kedua adalah luas lantai kandang (L) yang terdiri dari 3500 cm2 (L1), 1750 cm2 (L2) dan 1166 cm2 (L3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklim mikro pada perlakuan tingkat kepadatan ternak dan ransum dengan imbangan energi dan protein yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap kelembapan udara, temperatur udara, “temperature humidity index” dan radiasi matahari. Performans pada perlakuan ransum dengan imbangan energy dan protein R1 menyebabkan konsumsi air, ransum, berat badan akhir dan pertambahan berat badan lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dibandingkan perlakuan R2 sedangkan FCR yang memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Performans pada perlakuan tingkat kepadatan ternak L2 dan L3 menyebabkan konsumsi air dan ransum lebih tinggi sehingga berat badan akhir pada kandang L2 dan L3 juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan L1 kecuali pertambahan berat badan dan FCR memberikan pengaruh tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terjadi perbedaan iklim mikro pada kandang dengan perlakuan ransum dengan imbangan energi dan protein berbeda serta perlakuan dengan tingkat kepadatan ternak berbeda. Kelinci yang diberi ransum dengan imbangan energi dan protein 147 (R1) menghasilkan performans lebih tinggi daripada imbangan energi dan protein 151 (R2). Kelinci yang dipelihara pada tingkat kepadatan ternak 2 ekor/3500cm2 menghasilkan performans lebih tinggi daripada tingkat kepadatan ternak 1 ekor dan 3 ekor/3500 cm2.
STUDI PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS FISIK DAGING BABI BALI DENGAN BABI LANDRACE PERSILANGAN YANG DIPOTONG DI RUMAH POTONG HEWAN TRADISIONAL
Authors: N. L. P. Sriyani , N. M. Artiningsih Rasna , S. A. Lindawati , A. A. Oka
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas fisik daging babi dari bangsa yang berbeda yaitu babi bali dan babi landrace persilangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, selanjutnya data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan Two Independent Sample Test. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah warna daging, susut masak, susut mentah, daya ikat air daging. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa warna daging babi bali 39,47% nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) daripada daging babi landrace persilangan. Susut masak daging babi lokal tidak nyata 1,19% lebih kecil daripada daging babi landrace persilangan. Susut mentah daging babi bali 5,64% nyata lebih kecil daripada daging babi landrace persilangan. Daya ikat air daging babi bali tidak nyata, 1,09% lebih besar daripada daging babi landrace. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas fisik daging babi bali lebih baik daripada daging babi landrace persilangan dilihat dari variabel warna, dan susut mentah.
PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN TERNAK BABI BALI DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Suarna I. W. , Suryani N. N.
Published: August 2017

Babi bali bila dilihat dari potensi genetisnya menghasilkan banyak lemak sehingga babi bali lebih mendekati kepada babi tipe lemak. Karakteristik babi bali seperti tersebut sangat potensial untuk dijadikan babi gulingkarena komposisi lipatan lemak setelah kulit akan memberikan aroma dan tekstur babi guling yang sangat baik. Produk kuliner asal babi yang sangat digemari dan telah menjadi branding Kabupaten Gianyar adalah babi guling. Sementara, jenis (breed) babi yang paling baik untuk diguling adalah babi bali yang menempati jumlah populasi paling kecil di Kabupaten Gianyar. Fenomena kontroversial tersebut perlu dicarikan solusi agar Gianyar tetap menjadi kabupaten yang terkenal dengan babi guling gianyar. Pencermatan terhadap peluang dan tantangan pengembangan babi bali bertumpu pada integrasi lima pilar utama yakni peternak, desa adat, pemerintah daerah, pengusaha, dan akademisi. Sinergisme kelima pilar tersebut menghasilkan strategi pengembangan babi bali sebagai akselerasi mencapai pertumbuhan babi yang lebih cepat sehingga produktivitas pemeliharaan babi bali dapat ditingkatkan tanpa mengurangi kualitas babi bali sebagai komuditas babi guling yang menjanjikan.
PENINGKATAN KECERNAAN LIMBAH TEMPE DENGAN MIKROBA SELULOLITIK DAN RESPONS PEMBERIANNYA PADA ITIK
Authors: Wirawan I. W. , Putra Wibawa A. A. P. , Partama I. B. G.
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan limbah tempe terfermentasi oleh mikroba selulolitik dalam ransum terhadap penampilan itik bali jantan umur 6-12 minggu. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan dan enam kali ulangan. Tiap ulangan menggunakan empat ekor itik bali jantan umur enam minggu dengan berat badan homogen. Ransum yang diberikan selama penelitian disusun dengan kandungan protein kasar 16% dan energi termetabolis 2900 kkal/kg tanpa menggunakan limbah tempe (kulit ari kacang kedelai) sebagai kontrol (A), ransum yang mengandung 15% kulit ari kacang kedelai (B), dan ransum dengan 15% kulit ari kacang kedelai terfermentasi oleh kultur mikroba selulolitik (C). Ransum dan air minum selama penelitian diberikan secara ad libitum. Variabel yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum, pertambahan berat badan, dan feed conversion ratio (FCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan 15% kulit ari kacang kedelai terfermentasi dalam ransum secara nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan konsumsi ransum, berat badan akhir, pertambahan berat badan, dan efisiensi penggunaan ransum jika dibandingkan dengan ransum kontrol maupun ransum yang mengandung 15% kulit ari kacang kedelai tanpa terfermentasi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa fermentasi kulit ari kacang kedelai dengan mikroba Celulolitik dapat meningkatkan performans itik bali umur 6-12 minggu.
PENGARUH TINGKAT PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH HOTEL DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP BOBOT POTONG DAN KOMPOSISI KARKAS BABI BALI
Authors: Susila T. G. O. , Yadnya T. G. B. , Putri T. I. , Partama I. B. G.
Published: August 2017

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui bobot potong dan komposisi karkas babi Bali diberi ransum mengandunglimbah hotel. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 3 perlakuan dengan 3ulangan dan setiap ulangan menggunakan 2 ekor babi, sehingga secara keseluruhan diperlukan 18 ekor. Babi yangdigunakan adalah babi Bali betina lepas sapih dengan bobot badan awal 6±0,15 kg. Ketiga perlakuan tersebutadalah ransum tanpa limbah hotel (P1), ransum mengandung 25 % dan 50% limbah hotel untuk perlakuan P2 danP3. Ransum dan air minum diberikan secara ad libitum. Peubah yang diamati meliputi bobot potong, bobot karkas,persentase karkas, recahan karkas dan komposisi fisik karkas. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragamdan bila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05) antara perlakuan analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak bergandaDunkan (Steel dan Torrie,1991). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot potong babi P3, 62,65% nyata lebihtinggi dari babi P1 (P<0,05).dan 24,81% lebih tinggi dari babi P2 tetapi secara statistik berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05)Secara kuantitatif bobot karkas dan persentase karkas tertinggi diperoleh pada babi P3, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan babi P2 dan P1. Persentase recahan karkas berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05) antara ketiga perlakuan,kecuali persentase jowl pada babi P2 nyata lebih rendah dari babi P3 (P<0,05). Persentase tulang dan daging tidakberbeda nyata antara ketiga perlakuan (P>0,05). Persentase lemak+kulit pada babi P3 nyata (P<0,05) lebih tinggidari babi P1 dan P2. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan 25 % limbah hoteldalam ransum tidak berpengaruh terhadap bobot potong, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, persentase recahankarkas, dan komposisi fisik karkas. Penggunaan 50% limbah hotel dalam ransum meningkatkan bobot potongdan persentase lemak+kulit dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap bobot karkas, persentase karkas, persentase recahankarkas, persentase tulang dan daging dalam karkas.
KARAKTERISTIK GELATIN DARI KULIT KAKI TERNAK DAN POTENSINYA SEBAGAI EDIBLE FILM
Authors: Miwada I. N. S. , Simpen I. N. , Hartawan M. , Puger A. W. , Sriyani N. L. P.
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan potensi protein kolagen yang terdapat pada kulit kaki ternak(kulit kaki ayam broiler/kka, kulit kaki kambing/kkk dan kulit kaki sapi/kks) menjadi produk gelatin dan mengkajipotensinya sebagai edible film. Ekstraksi protein pada kka, kks, dan kkk dalam water bath yang sebelumnyadicuring dengan asam asetat (1,5%) selama 3 hari. Dilanjutkan produksi edible film dalam 100 ml aquades denganperlakuan formulasi gelatin dan gliserol (1:0); (5:1); (10:1); (15:1) dan (20:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwagelatin kks paling tinggi (P<0,05) kandungan proteinnya (85,17%) diikuti gelatin kkk (80,38%) dan kka (79,43%).Namun secara viskositas gelatin kkk (5,70 poise) paling tinggi (P<0,05) diikuti oleh kks (5,27 poise) dan kka (4,93poise). Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan bahwa gelatin jenis kks, kkk, dan kka terbukti sebagai gelatin melaluikarakterisasi serapan gugus fungsi. Karakterisasi tersebut terbagi dalam 4 bagian puncak serapan khas gelatinyaitu serapan amida A, amida I, amida II dan amida III. Kajian penggunaan jenis gelatin-gliserol dengan rasioberbeda menghasilkan viskositas edible film yang cenderung meningkat (P<0,05) dengan rentang rata-rata 1,89-3,77 poise. Sementara kandungan proteinnya nyata berbeda dengan nilai tertinggi pada rasio 10:1. Kandunganprotein edible dari gelatin kkk tertinggi (P<0,05) diikuti kka dan kks dengan nilai berturut-turut (0,38%; 0,27%dan 0,25%). Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa gelatin kks nilainya lebih tinggi diikuti kkk dan kka. Penggunaan ketigajenis gelatin ini sebagai edible film menghasilkan formula terbaik pada rasio 10:1 yaitu 10 g gelatin dan 1 ml gliseroldalam 100 ml aquades.
Consumption and Distribution of Iodized Salt in Subamia Village Tabanan District 2014
Authors: Ulan Dewi Manik , Tresna Adhi K. , Pradnyaparamita Duarsa Dyah
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: Consumption of iodized salt is essential to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. One of the key success of iodized salt program is distribution. This study explored the consumption and logistical distribution patterns of iodized salt among housewives in Subamia Village Tabanan District.Methods: The study was a qualitative with data collection using two focus group discussions (FGD) of 6 active and 6 inactive cadres. Indepth interviews were conducted with two health staffs, two community leaders, one staff of Trade/Industrial Office at Tabanan District and one salt seller. Data was analysed using thematic method.Results: Respondents prefered uniodized salt because of several reasons including less bitter, tastier and cheaper than iodized salt. Moreover, the distribution of iodized salt regulated by the government was reported to be impeded the salt distribution, this resulted in the difficulty of villagers to access the iodized saltConclusion: Appetizing flavor, access and no local regulations on distribution of iodized salt is the cause of low consumption of iodized salt in Subamia Village Tabanan District.
Factors Associated with Rabies Dog Vaccination Practices in Bebandem
Authors: Sudiatmika I.N. , Wirawan D.N. , Pasek Kardiwinata M.
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: The first reported case of rabies in Bali was in November 2008, wherein prepiously in Bali was declared rabies free. The epidemic spread rapidly to all district, including Karangasem regency. By December 2015 there were 163 reported rabies cases and all of them were infected through dog bites. It was estimeted that there were 411,153 domestic canines in Bali. From 2009-2015 the immunization coverage in dog was reported 55.0-76.9%. This study aims to determine the proportion of households in the district of Bebandem that have vaccinated their dogs and the factors that influence the decision to vaccinate.Methods: The study was cross sectional and carried out in two villages in the district Bebandem with a sample of 110 families randomly selected. Data was collected through interviews regarding socio-demographic variables, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, types of vaccination facilities, distance from vaccination facility and information received from the Departement of Agriculture/head of village. Multivariate analysis was done using poisson regression to determine the relationship between these variables with their dog vaccination for rabies.Results: Results indicated that 88% of households vaccinated their canine pets. Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated with the administration of the rabies vaccines were: having attended education session (APR=2.37; 95%CI: 1.34-4.18); family income (APR=1.16; 95%CI: 1.03-1.31); and perception (APR=3.09; 95%CI: 1.20-7.97). There was no significant relationship between education, knowledge and attitudes towards rabies vaccination in dog.Conclusion: Factors associated with dog rabies vaccination practice were having attended education session, family income and perception.
Agreement Analysis of Energy and Protein Contents during Medical Nutrition Therapy at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar
Authors: Ayu Laksmini P. , Sri Nopiyani N.M. , Weta I.W.
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: Medical nutrition therapy at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar consists of diet prescription, food labelling, food portion, and food serving. Nutrition assessment has been carried out based on the minimum service standards of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in 2013, but agreement assessment of energy and protein contents has never been performed in the provision of medical nutrition therapy. The study was conducted to determine the compatibility of energy and protein contents of the diet prescription until the food is served in hospitalized patients who received medical nutrition therapy at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 50 samples of food served with prescribed diet by clinical nutrition specialists at Sanglah Hospital selected by consecutive sampling. Data were collected using observation sheets filled by surveyors and analyzed using Bland Altman Test.Results: There was compatibility of the contents of energy and protein in the provision of medical nutrition therapy of diet prescription with food labelling (energy r=0.43; p=0.04, protein r=0.48; p=0.02), food labelling with food portion (energy and protein r=1.00; p=0.00), food portion with the food serving (energy r=0.48; p=0.03, protein r=0.50; p=0.01), and from diet prescription until the food is served (energy r=0.52; p=0.04, protein r=0.57; p=0.02). Although there is a strong agreement, there is mean value difference which is clinically acceptable.Conclusion: Energy and protein content in the prescribed diet until the food is served at Sanglah Hospital were compatible. The medical nutrition therapy is appropriate and should be evaluated continuously to improve the quality of services at the tertiary level.
Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers who Work at Home at Tabanan Regency
Authors: F.A.S Hesteria , Eka Putra I.W.G. Artawan , Pradnyaparamita Duarsa Dyah
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: Working mothers and mothers who leave their babies in their home for more than 8 hours a day almost do not exclusively breastfeed their babies. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who work at home and factors associated with it.Methods: Cross-sectional survey was conducted by convenience sampling of 132 mothers with 6-12 months babies at Puskesmas Marga I Tabanan Regency from March-April 2016. The data was collected by interview about social-demographic characteristic, knowledge, perception, pregnancy and maternity counseling, early breastfeeding initiation, families support, medical assistant and exclusive breastfeeding. The data analyzed by univariate, bivariate, multivariate using STATA 12.1. Chi square applied in bivariate analysis and poison regression applied in multivariate analysis.Results: Proportion of respondents who exclusively breastfeed their babies for 6 months was 66.67%. Reasons for not exclusively breastfeed were not enough breastmilk (32.58%), no breastmilk (13.64%), families suggestion (8.33%), babies refused breastmilk (6.06%), health provider suggestion (2.27%) and to avoid the shape of the breast (1.52%). Multivariate analysis found that variables associated with the exclusive breastfeeding were parity (APR=1.50; 95%CI: 1.01-2.15), early breasfeeding initiation (APR=1.80; 95%CI: 1.13-2.90) and families support (APR=1.4; 95%CI: 1.10-1.76).Conclusion: Factors significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding were parities less than 3, early breasfeeding initiation and families support.
Risk Factors for Adolescent Pregnancy in Bali: Case Control Study
Authors: Aprelia Meriyani Dewi , Yuli Kurniati D.P. , Januraga P.P.
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: Adolescents pregnancy is a public health problem in Indonesia. The 2012 Demographic and Health Survey Indonesia showed that 9.5% women age 15-19 years had given birth. The aims of this study was to identify risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy.Methods: The study was conducted in Kintamani District, Bangli, Bali Province. Design of the study was case control with a total of 96 respondents. The cases were 32 pregnant woman age <20 years and the controls were 64 non married and non pregnant woman age <20 years. The cases were taken from register of pregnant women in Kintamani I and VI primary health care centers. The controls were randomly taken from a list of women in the youth group at the same working area of both primary health care centers. The data collection was conducted by interview in the house of each respondent. The data were analyzed using bivariate (chi square test) and multivariate logistic regression.Results: Risk factors that found associated with adolescents pregnancy were respondents with peer negative influence (AOR=71.6; 95%CI: 9.4-545.2), respondents who had opportunity to have sexual relationship (AOR=17.7: 95%CI: 3.2-98.2), lack of knowledge about reproductive health and adolescent pregnancy (AOR=12.8; 95%CI: 2.5-66.5) and higher family income (AOR=5.8: 95%CI: 1.3-26.6). Level of education and exposure to pornography was not significantly found associated with adolescent pregnancy.Conclusion: The negative influence with their peers, opportunity to have sexual intercourse, lack of knowledge and higher family income were found as risk factors of adolescents pregnancy.
Determinants of Mortality among Low Birthweight Infants During Hospitalization in Karangasem District Hospital
Authors: Duara I.K. , Wirawan D.N. , Januraga P.P. , Sawitri A.A.S.
Published: August 2017

Background and purpose: Infant mortality rate in Indonesia is still high and is largely related to low birthweight (LBW) infants. Previous studies reported the socio demographic and clinical factors as determinants of mortality of LBW infants, but rarely examined factors related to their health services. This study aimed to determine the demographic, clinical and health services as determinants of mortality of LBW infants during hospitalization.Methods: This study was a retrospective using cohort data of medical record of LBW infants in Karangasem Hospital since January 2012 to October 2014. Logistic regression was done to determine the relationship between demographic, clinical and health services factors with LBW infants’ mortality.Results: The proportion of mortality among LBW infants during hospitalization was 12.12%. Most parents (64.6%) live in good access to health services. The proportion of female infants (51.4%) was higher than male. LBW infants who were born in hospital (85.7%) greater than born outside hospital. Vaginal delivery (75.3%) was greater than C-section. Preterm infants (57.1%) was greater than at term with median of birthweight was 2100 grams. Proportion of asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), sepsis, hypoglycemia and hypothermia, respectively 24.1%, 4.66%, 0.78%, 7.92% and 3.73%. Variables associated with LBW mortality were increasing of 50 grams of birthweight, asphyxia, RDS and referred infants.Conclusion: The mortality of LBW infants during hospitalization was 12.12% with increasing of 50 grams of birthweight, asphyxia, RDS and referred infants found as determinant factors.
PENCAHAYAAN DAN RUANG GERAK EFEKTIF SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KENYAMANAN PADA RUMAH SEDERHANA SEHAT YANG ERGONOMIS (Studi Kasus Rumah Sederhana Sehat di Bekasi)
Authors: Ashadi Ashadi , Nelfiyanti Nelfiyanti , Anisa Anisa
Published: August 2017

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi tentang pentingnya pencahayaan dan ruang gerak untuk mewujudkan kenyamanan pada rumah sederhana yang ergonomis. Studi kasus yang diambil adalah Rumah Sederhana Sehat yang ada di Bekasi. Tujuannya adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kenyamanan penghuni pada rumah dilihat dari pencahayaan dan ruang gerak yang tersedia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengambil kasus secara purposif sampling. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya bukaan yang cukup, cahaya dapat masuk secara merata ke dalam ruangan, perkecualian pada kamar mandi yang terletak di tengah. Dengan adanya cahaya masuk secara merata, maka semua ruangan bisa digunakan untuk beraktivitas. Hal ini membuat semua ruangan di dalam rumah menjadi nyaman. Ukuran bukaan yang terdapat pada rumah sederhana yang diteliti mempunyai ukuran sesuai dengan standar sehingga matahari dapat masuk untuk menerangi ruangan. RSS di Bekasi juga memiliki ruang gerak efektif yang cukup. Rata-rata prosentase ruang gerak pada rumah adalah 79,35% yang tergolong cukup luas untuk beraktivitas. Kata kunci: kenyamanan, pencahayaan, ruang gerak, rumah sederhana yang ergonomis ABSTRACT. This research has been motivated on the significancy of lighting and space in order to create comfort within ergonomic low income house. There are some case studies of Rumah Sederhana Sehat have been conducted within Bekasi area. The aim of this research is to describe the comfort of the dwellers from the aspect of lighting and existing space. The method that has been used is a qualitative descriptive method by taking case studies with sampling purposive method. The result of this research will provide some standard with sufficient windows, prevalent lighting within room, except for bathroom which located in the middle of house. With a prevalent lighting within room, therefore all the room relatively could be used for activities. This condition will create a comfort space within a house. The dimension of windows within case studies have a dimension as a minimum standard requirement which make sunlight could enter all the room. RSS within Bekasi also have a sufficient efective space, which is about 79,35% of house area, and this is regarded as a sufficient space to do activity within a house.     Kata kunci: kenyamanan, pencahayaan, ruang gerak, rumah sederhana yang ergonomis
Presentación: Cuerpo, pensamiento y pluralidad. Reflexiones contemporáneas sobre lo político
Authors: Sánchez (editora) María Cecilia
Published: August 2017

 
La experiencia boliviana y la organización comunitaria cooperativa en el marco de la economía plural
Authors: Loza Gabriel
Published: August 2017

El autor sostiene que, a diferencia de lo que postula el Modelo de Economía Plural, el proceso de avance en la realidad boliviana es desigual, dado que, por una parte, se ha centrado en la nacionalización y en las empresas públicas, y, por otra, se asienta en la forma de organización cooperativa en el sector minero y en el sector informal de la economía, relegando la economía solidaria, en un contexto con alta desprotección social, informal y capitalista. No se observan avances en un socialismo comunitario, puesto que el peso y la importancia de la comunidad campesina se ha mantenido relativamente igual con relación a los gobiernos anteriores, salvo la economía campesina de la coca, basada en pequeños propietarios y escasa tradición comunitaria.

Palabras clave: Economía Social Solidaria, Economía Plural, Nacionalismo, Empresas Públicas

The Bolivian experience and the community and cooperative organization within the framework of the plural economy

The author argues that, unlike what postulated Model Plural Economy, the process advance in the Bolivian reality is uneven, since on the one hand, has focused on nationalization and public enterprises, and, on another, sits in the form of cooperative organization in the mining sector and the informal sector of the economy, relegating the solidarity economy, in a context with high social, informal and capitalist vulnerability. No progress has been made in a community socialism, since the weight and importance of the peasant community has remained relatively unchanged compared to previous governments, except the peasant coca economy based on small landowners and little community tradition.

Keywords: Social Solidarity Economy, Plural Economy, Nationalization and Public Companies
La empresa social en Bélgica: Diversidad de fuentes, modelos y campos
Authors: Huybrechts Benjamin
Published: August 2017

 

Este artículo está estructurado como sigue: la primera sección introductoria revisa las principales raíces históricas que han conducido a la emergencia de una diversidad de modelos relacionados con la empresa social y a la economía social en Bélgica. Enseguida, la segunda sección esboza los principales aspectos de esos modelos en relación a sus formas legales, tipos de misión social a las que se orientan, dinámicas de gobierno y recursos. En la tercera sección, esos modelos son ilustrados in diferentes campos de actividad, tanto establecidos como emergentes. Finalmente, la cuarta sección propone un análisis transversal de los principales tendencias y desafíos que enfrenta el desarrollo y coexistencia de los diferentes modelos.

Palabras clave: Economía Social, tradición cooperativa, tradición asociativa, nueva economía social, social venture

 

 

Social entreprise in Belgium: a diversity of roots, models and fiels

This working paper is structured as follows. The first introductory section reviews the main historical roots that have led to the emergence of a diversity of models related to social enterprise and the social economy in Belgium. Next, the second section sketches the main features of these models in terms of legal forms, types of social missions addressed, governance dynamics and resources. In the third section, these models are then illustrated in different fields of activity both established and emerging. Finally, the fourth section proposes a transversal analysis of the main trends and challenges facing the development and coexistence of the different models.

Keywords: Social Economy, cooperative tradition, associative tradition, new social economy, social venture

 
Inequality and Inclusion in Latin America
Authors: Oxhorn Philip , Jouve-Martín José R.
Published: August 2017

Editors’ foreword to the special issue.
Treatment and Management of Nocturnal Enuresis: A Review
Authors: Reddy Kandula Ravindra , Sripada Ramam
Published: August 2017

Nocturnal Enuresis (NE) is the involuntary passing of urine whileasleep after the age at which bladder control would normally be prevised. NE has hassled humans for hundreds of years. It has been recognized since the time of Papyrus Ebers, 1550 B.C. Various potions were prepared by using different plants, animals or organs in some of the early treatment modalities. A number of medications have been used to treat nocturnal enuresis where, Imipramine and Desmopressin acetate were found to be efficacious. Besides, some credit has also been given to Oxybutynin. Because of the high relapse rates recited after short-term therapy with pharmacotherapeutic agents, pharmacological treatment for NE is best considered as management therapy rather than a cure. In this review article, we have mainly focused on the treatment and management of nocturnal enuresis by reviewing various treatment modalities along with behavioural modifications, bladder retention training, hypnotherapy, psychotherapy and combination therapy.
A Novel Binary Biofilm Coinfection Model for the Simultaneous Growth of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Species
Authors: Al-Adham Ibrahim S. I. , Wani Sehar , Al-Kaissi Elham , Collier Phillip J.
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine if it is possible to establish and maintain a binary biofilm consisting of Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, which could be used as a multi-species model for antibiotic action studies. Materials and Methods: A medium controlled, continuous culture biofilm model was developed based upon the previously developed Sorbarod™ model. This new model was designed to enable the growth of B. subtilis and E. coli at the same time without either out-competing the other. Results: A pseudo-steady-state binary biofilm was established, which could be maintained for a total of 53 hours. This biofilm was tested to confirm the ability of the biofilm model to support the growth of a Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and a Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial species under the same conditions of media throughput, aeration and temperature. Conclusions: This paper gives evidence of the ability to develop and control binary biofilm models to maintain the growth of two Gram-dissimilar species of bacteria. We believe this is a novel concept and will aid the future in vitro assessment of antibiotic activity in coinfection models.
Analytical Method Development and Validation for the Analysis of Donepezil Hydrochloride and Its Related Substances Using Ultra Perfomance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: V. Mahalingam , V. Kalaivani , T. Somanathan , S. Vijayabaskar
Published: August 2017

A novel, economic and time-efficient reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method has been developed for the analysis of Donepezil hydrochloride in the presence of both impurities and degradation products generated by forced degradation. When Donepezil hydrochloride was subjected to acid hydrolysis, oxidative, base hydrolysis, photolytic, and thermal stress, degradation was observed only in oxidative and base hydrolysis. The drug was found to be stable to other stress conditions. Successful chromatographic separation of the drug from impurities formed during synthesis and from degradation products formed under stress conditions was achieved on a Waters Acquity C18, 50 mm x 2.1mm, 1.7µ particle size column, UV detection at 286nm and a gradient elution of Trifluoroacetic acid, Acetonitrile and methanol as mobile phase. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, robustness and can be used in quality control during manufacture and for assessment of the stability samples of Donepezil hydrochloride. Total elution time was about 6 min and equilibration time of about 2 min which allowed analysis of more than 100 samples per day. The analytical method discussed in British Pharmacopeia was pH sensitive and not compatible to LC-MS analysis but the method reported in this study is more compatible to LC-MS which will be more suitable to perform LC-MS.
Clinical profile and outcome of acute poisoning in children and adolescent in a tertiary care center
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Arindam , Mandal Pijush Kanti
Published: August 2017

Background: Childhood poisoning is a significant public health problem. It is a common worldwide health problem and a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies on accidental poisoning in children show a consistent pattern with respect to sex and age.Aims and Objectives: To determine the changing pattern of clinical profile and outcome of acute poisoning in children and adolescent. Materials and Methods: All children aged 1-18 years with h/o poisoning, attending pediatric and medicine emergency department of College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata from March 2014 to February 2016 were the subjects of our study. Profiles of all cases and their outcome were noted.Results: Seventy-five patients were presented with acute poisoning during our study period. Majority of the children were between 12 to 18 years (45 cases, 60%). Most of the patients were residents of urban areas. Most frequent agents were drugs (44%), hydrocarbon (21.33%) and insecticides (22.66%). Almost all cases in 1-6 years age group were accidental in nature.Conclusion: Poisoning in children and adolescents are common problems. Incidences of acute poisoning in childhood remained more or less unchanged temporally. Poisoning by agents like drugs and organophosphorus compounds are alarming phenomena and these occur mostly during adolescence. Free availability of these compounds, co-morbid conditions of adolescents and adolescent stressors have to be addressed in this respect. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 76-80
Synoviology: a new chapter entitled to joints care
Authors: Palmieri Beniamino , Conrozier Thierry , Vadalà Maria , Laurino Carmen
Published: August 2017

In order to extensively investigate on the synovial membrane – related diseases, we outlined a specific medical branch named “Synoviology”, targeted to the physiopathology and therapy of synovial membrane dysfunction. We searched Pubmed/Medline using the terms “synovial disease”, “therapy”, “synovial membrane”, “joints” and “drugs”, alone and combined. Selected papers from 1960 to 2015 were chosen based on their content (evidence-based quality and reliability). Clinical and experimental articles were included. Viscosupplementation with structurally different hyaluronic acid compounds, for restoration of the synovial membrane, and cartilage. The impact of other old and new medical treatments either locally or systemically administered was also included. Synoviology integrates biological, clinical and biochemical info for the progress of new therapeutic options in osteo-articular pathology.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 1-10
Estimation of indirect reference intervals for serum thyrotropin using hospital records
Authors: Bhattarai Kushal , Manandhar Nilu , Shrestha Prabodh , Thapa Sangita , Shrestha Jharana , Kathayat Goma , Shrestha Reshma , Kafle Suman , Singh Athokpam Rajendra
Published: August 2017

Background: Reference intervals of any biochemical analyte serve as an invaluable tool in clinical decision making. The IFCC (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry) guidelines for determining these values are not feasible in some hospital laboratory setting and have led to the development of alternative approaches.Aims and Objectives: To determine the indirect reference intervals for serum thyrotropin form the hospital records of individuals visiting a tertiary care center.Materials and Methods: In a hospital-record based, observational, cross-sectional study, data of serum TSH levels were collected from the hospital records of participants who underwent this test in the Central Clinical Laboratory, College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal from July 2012 to June 2015. All the individuals, irrespective of their diagnoses of thyroid diseases and other possible comorbid conditions, were included in the study. Prior to the statistical analyses, partitioning was done in relation to gender, age, and ethnicity. The reference intervals for thyrotropin were established by non-parametric method.Results: Reference intervals for serum TSH best agreeing to those provided by the test kit suppliers were determined by combining the two strategies that used Tukey’s method of detection and removal of outliers, prior to the final analyses. Lower limit was best determined from the natural-log-transformed and upper limit from non-transformed TSH values with outliers removed by Tukey’s method in both. As such, for the cases with TSH in the range 0.02-98.8 mIU/L, the reference intervals were calculated as [0.31 (0.30-0.33) to 6.04 (5.97-6.12) mIU/L] and for the TSH in the range 0.102-9.99 mIU/L, [0.35 (0.34-0.37) to 5.81 (5.75-5.90) mIU/L].Conclusion: For establishing the indirect reference intervals from the hospital records, laboratory data can be combined with information stored in clinical databases for selecting subjects fulfilling stated clinical criteria.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 41-48
Ossicular chain status in cases of cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media in eastern Nepal
Authors: Thakur Sanjeev Kumar , Ghimire Nisha , Acharya Rabin , Singh Sanjay , Anwar Afaque
Published: August 2017

Background: Ossicular erosion and disruption of ossicular chain is a frequent complication of cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media leading to hearing loss.Aims and Objectives: To find out the status of ossicles and ossicular chain in patients of choleasteatomatous chronic otitis media undergoing surgery.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross sectional study conducted among 52 patients of chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma undergoing surgery at Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Ear Department over 3 years. In each patient the condition and the integrity of ossicular chain was evaluated in order to determine the presence and site of lesion of each ossicles. The data was analysed and expressed in numbers and percentage.Results: Among 52 cases, 27(51.92%) were male and 25(48.08%) were female. The age range was 16 to 50 years. The mean age was 25.6 years. The commonest age range was of 16-20 years, 21 (40.38%). The chief complaints of the patients were ear discharge seen in 52 (100%) cases and hearing loss in 45 (86.5%) cases. Malleus was found intact in 37 (71.1%) cases and absent in 7(13.5%). Handle erosion was found in 3(5.8%) cases. Head and handle erosion was found in 5(9.6%) cases. Incus was found intact in only 6 (11.5%) cases and absent in 11 (21.2%) cases. Long and lenticular process was eroded in 35(67.3%) cases. Intact suprastructure of Stapes was found in 27(51.92%) cases. Suprastructure erosion was found in 25(48.08%) cases. Intact ossicular chain was found only in 6(11.5%) cases. M+S+ was found in 17(32.7%) cases followed by M+S- in 14(26.9%). M-S+ was found in 4(7.8%) cases. All the ossicles eroded were found in 11(21.1%) cases.Conclusion: In this study of cholesteatomatous ears, the Malleus was found to be the most resistant ossicle to erosion, whereas, Incus was found to be the most susceptible. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 68-71