bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio epidemiológico sobre el impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud mental de la población de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Saavedra Javier E. , Aliaga Giraldo Katiuska , Castillo Martell Walter Humberto , Huamán Pineda Julio , Luna Solís Ybeth , Nicolás Hoyos Ysela , Krüger Malpartida Hever , Paz Schaeffer Vilma , Robles Arana Yolanda , Sagástegui Soto Abel Ampelio II , Sarabia Arce Silvana , Vega Dienstmaier Johann M. , Zevallos Bustamante Sonia
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: Identificar en la población adulta de la Lima Metropolitana la prevalencia, acceso y factores asociados a los principales trastornos mentales (TM) durante la pandemia COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio transversal, correlacional en una muestra probabilística, bietápica, de 1823 personas adultas (≥18 años), entrevistada vía telefónica. Instrumentos: Ficha sociodemográfica y características de vivienda; Cuestionario sobre Experiencias COVID-19; la MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Versión CIE-10; la Escala de Riesgo Suicida del MINI; el Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh; Escala de Percepción de Estrés; Escala Breve de Funcionamiento Psicosocial (basada en áreas sugeridas del WHO DAS-S); Cuestionario sobre Acceso a Servicios de Salud; Índice de Calidad de Vida de Mezzich; Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida de Diener; Escala de Resiliencia del Yo de Block; y un Cuestionario Abreviado Ad-hoc sobre Violencia Doméstica. Se utilizó la F corregida como una variante del estadístico de chi-cuadrado corregido de Rao-Scott de segundo orden y análisis de regresión logística para muestras complejas. Resultados: Se encontró en un 57,2% de la población un nivel de estrés de moderado a severo. La mayoría de los indicadores de salud mental, incluyendo de salud positiva, mostraron resultados desfavorables con respecto a estudios previos, incluyendo indicadores suicidas, problemas de sueño y la violencia sistemática contra la mujer. La prevalencia a 12 meses, 6 meses y actual de algún TM fue del 19,6%, 17,8% y 12,5%, respectivamente. El TM más frecuente fue el episodio depresivo con una prevalencia anual de 13,6% y de 6 meses de 12,3%, seguido por el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada. La presencia de TM se asoció significativamente con el sexo femenino, menor edad, estado civil viudo(a), divorciado(a) o separado(a), un menor nivel educativo, baja situación económica, haber perdido el empleo por la pandemia, haberse contagiado de la COVID-19, tener un familiar contagiado y tener un familiar fallecido por COVID. De la misma manera las personas afectadas por la COVID-19 presentaron resultados desfavorables en los todos los indicadores de salud mental. El 12,2% de las personas con TM diagnosticables fue atendida, y 29,4% consideró haber necesitado bastante o mucha atención, pero no la recibió. Conclusiones: En comparación a períodos sin pandemia, se ha encontrado un incremento desfavorable de los indicadores de salud mental que obliga a asumir que uno de los principales efectos de la pandemia sería sobre la salud mental de las personas y, por lo tanto, las políticas sociales deberían orientarse con prioridad en este aspecto.
Síndrome de Ethlers Danlos: El Relato
Authors: Takahashi-Ferrer Carolina Mayo
Published: October 2022

Años atrás diferentes autores han realizado aportes sobre el Síndrome de Ehlers Danlos, los aportes iniciales comenzaron en la antigua Grecia aproximadamente 400 a.C. durante ese período Hipócrates registró que los nómadas escitas presentaban articulaciones laxas y presentaban varias cicatrices. Luego en el año 1682 el cirujano de Amsterdam Job Von Meekeren realizó la primera descripción sobre este síndrome. Se manifiesta que a través del tiempo, la definición y la clasificación del síndrome han ido evolucionando hasta convertirse en una entidad diagnóstica. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer un resumen de losprincipales autores que cooperaron con brindar una detallada descripción y clasificación del Síndrome de Ehlers Danlos.
Hemorragia digestiva alta por várices esófago-gástricas
Authors: Poppele-Molina Günther , Montezuma-Calvo Dora , Chirinos-Vega Juan Antonio , Cedrón-Cheng Hugo
Published: October 2022

La cirrosis hepática es la causa más común en la hipertensión portal (HTP) que se define por gradiente de presión portal (GPVH) > 5 mmHg y se considera clínicamente significativa con GPVH > 10 mmHg. La formación de colaterales portosistémicos, entre las que se incluyen las varices esofágicas, obedece a tres factores: aumento de presión portal y flujo en el sistema venoso portal, existencia de canales embriogénicos que comunican circulación portal y sistémica y angiogénesis activa.
Hemorragia Digestiva del Intestino Delgado
Authors: Cedrón Cheng Hugo
Published: October 2022

En los últimos 20 años, los avances tecnológicos nos han permitido evaluar un territorio antes inaccesible, el intestino delgado. El objetivo de la siguiente revisión es definir claramente el término Hemorragia del Intestino Delgado o Intestino Medio (HDM) y poder establecer su: epidemiología, métodos diagnósticos, y finalmente las opciones terapéu- ticas que tenemos en la actualidad.
PELATIHAN ANALISIS BIAYA PRODUKSI UMKM DI DESA WRINGINSONGO
Authors: Jarnuzi Ahmad , Annisa Fitriana  , Apit Miharso  , Bakhrudin  , Fathimatus Zahro Fazda Oktavia
Published: October 2022

This PPM is held to reformulate the determination of the basic water tariff on the clean water management unit that is part of BUMDes Desa Wringinsongo, a method used with a qualitative approach where the team identifies the problem of the partner, then determines the objectives, reformulates and implements the partner. PPM results recommend the use of water account applications as well as admin fee of Rp.1000
KEWIRAUSAHAAN MEMBATIK GESEK GODHONG BAGI SANTRIWATI PONDOK PESANTREN NURUL IHSAN BULULAWANG-MALANG
Authors: Utaminingsih Alifiulahtin
Published: October 2022

Someone who has an entrepreneurial spirit is someone who acts creatively and innovatively. An entrepreneur regardless of whether due to talent or from the process of developing skills, in general, has the following characteristics: likes to try, is strong even though he fails, is confident, has good self-determination or locus of control, dares to take all risks, sees change as a challenge and chance. Santriwati is in an agricultural environment, so there are many leaves from various types of plants that can be used for the godhong batik motif. An interesting focus for community service is the godhong batik friction training because the material is quite affordable by utilizing the patterns and sap of various types of plants (leaves) that exist in our environment.

The problem found is that the development of the skills of women or female students is not optimal, therefore it is necessary to develop self-capacity for santriwati Ponpes Nurul Ikhsan Malang Regency, based on creative and innovative economics through godhong batik friction skills, so as to improve life skills.
PELATIHAN SISTEM INFORMASI SIMPAN PINJAM PADA KOPERASI WANITA MIFTAHUL JANNAH DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Maskur Maskur , Yosi Afandi  , Nilawati  Fiernaningsih  , Pudji Herijanto  , Yulis Nurul ‘Aini
Published: October 2022

Current technological developments require human resources to be able to follow the use of technology. One of the technological developments that is quite widely used is information systems. An information system is a system within an organization that meets the needs of daily transaction processing, supports operations, is managerial and strategic activities of an organization and provides certain outside parties with the necessary reports. Miftahul Jannah Women's Cooperative currently still uses a manual savings and loan system, so the possibility of data errors is still quite large and services to members take a relatively long time. This information system for women aims, among other things, to help facilitate cooperative officers and administrators in completing their duties to serve members easily and quickly, to improve services to members. The development of this cooperative information system uses the RAD (Rapid Application Development) method, the Lecture Method and the Training Method. The RAD method is used for the process of forming an information system, the RAD method is a system development that prioritizes the speed of development through the involvement of the user or users in the use of a series of systems so that the possibility of system errors can be minimized, the Lecture and Training Method is used to provide explanations to the cooperative management about how to operate system, thus human resources can be trained to be able to use the use of technology.
Pelatihan Pemasangan Instalasi Listrik Tenaga Untuk Masyarakat Binaan Disnaker Di Pemkot Malang
Authors: Anang Dasa Novfowan  , Mochammad Mieftah  , Rachmat Sutjipto  , Kharisma Dhimas , Sukamdi
Published: October 2022

Training on the correct, precise and safe installation of electric power installations for the people assisted by the Manpower Office in the Malang City Government. The existence of this training is expected to provide additional skills for installing power installations, to be used in working on installing power installations that are correct and safe and in accordance with standards, so as to minimize work hazards or accidents due to errors due to installation and use.
APLIKASI PIXELLAB UNTUK DASAIN MEDIA INFORMASI
Authors: Dwi Sudjanarti  , Asminah Rahmi  , Heru Utomo  , Rr. Tri Istining Wardani  , Esther Hesline Palandi
Published: October 2022

Pemberlakuan kebijakan physical distancing yang kemudian menjadi dasar pelaksanaan belajar dari rumah juga dilaksanakan oleh KB/TK Star Kids. WhatsApp merupakan salah satu aplikasi yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mendukung proses belajar mengajar daring. Hal ini dikarenakan kelebihan-kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh media WhatsApp, yaitu WhatsApp Group. Selain kelebihannya WhatsApp Group juga memiliki kekurangan. Pesan teks yang disampaikan oleh guru melalui WhatsApp Group terkadang tidak tersampaikan dengan baik dikarenakan banyaknya chat pada group tersebut. Pelatihan desain media informasi menggunakan software aplikasi pixellab dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menambah keterampilan guru atau pihak sekolah membuat atau mendesain media informasi lebih menarik, sehingga informasi dapat tersampaikan dengan baik. Hal ini dikarenakan desain yang dibuat mempunyai ekstension JPEG yang membuat tampilan berbeda dengan chat biasa.
PENINGKATAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA ANGGOTA PKK RT.2 RW.9 DUSUN KLANDUNGAN DESA LANDUNGSARI KECAMATAN DAU KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Poernamawati Diana Eka , Achmad Zaini  , Tri Wahyu Widodo  , Asminah Rachmi
Published: October 2022

Some of the problems that arise in PKK RT2 RW 9 Dusun Klandungan Landungsari Village are related to entrepreneurship, including: the absence of an entrepreneurial spirit, the absence of entrepreneurial abilities/skills, the absence of field coaches who guide entrepreneurship, and the absence of capital for entrepreneurship.

Training is needed to overcome the problems that occur in PKK RT2 RW 9 Dusun Klandungan Landungsari Village in entrepreneurship. The training that needs to be carried out on entrepreneurship includes: increasing entrepreneurial motivation, providing entrepreneurial skills, mentoring in collaboration with competent field supervisors, entrepreneurship capital/equipment assistance.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SABUN MANDI PADAT UNTUK BINAAN PANTI ASUHAN YAYASAN SITI FATIMAH PANDAAN
Authors: Heny Dewajani  , Ernia Novika Dewi  , Mufid  , Imron Rosyidi
Published: October 2022

Yayasan Yatim Piatu Siti Fatimah Pandaan, located in Nogosari village 2 km from Pandaan sub-district, was established in 1984 and has a total of 117 foster children. In order to improve the creativity and skills of foster children, it is necessary to hold applicative training. Politeknik Negeri Malang as one of the educational institutions in carrying out its function, namely the Tri Dharma of Higher Education is obliged to carry out community service (Pengabdian kepada masyarakat, PkM) through various forms of activities. The Department of Chemical Engineering in collaboration with the Yayasan Yatim Piatu Siti Fatimah Pandaan provided training in making solid bath soap. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the PkM implementation was held online on October 2, 2020, attended by school representatives and a team of lecturers from the Chemical Engineering Department. By enforcing the health protocol, the lecturer team submitted video tutorials, product samples and modules for making solid bath soap to the Yayasan Yatim Piatu Siti Fatimah Pandaan. The explanation about creating of bath soap was carried out online through google meet. With the implementation of this PkM, it is hoped that will be useful in providing knowledge and skills for the Yayasan Yatim Piatu Siti Fatimah Pandaan.
BIMBINGAN TEKNIS PEMBUATAN PUPUK BOKASHI UNTUK PKK RT 01/RW 01 POHJENTREK – PASURUAN
Authors: Abdul Chalim  , Achmad Chumaidi  , Shabrina Adani Putri  , Andi Nina
Published: October 2022

Trainings for developing work skills for PKK women in RT 01/RW 01 Pohjentrek Pasuruan are rarely held, so through this PkM activity, residents of RT 01/RW 01 Pohjentrek Pasuruan have been given skills training to be more independent so that they have jobs and a decent life. . One of the skills that can be trained is making bogashi fertilizer. Bokashi fertilizer is a fertilizer made with a composting method that can use an aerobic or anaerobic starter to compost organic matter. This organic material itself can be obtained from household kitchen waste such as leftover vegetables, fruits, rice, etc., so it does not require a fee or tends to be cheap. The PkM was carried out on Friday, October 2, 2020 online as well as team representatives who gave directions and submitted materials for making bokashi fertilizer, video tutorials for making bokashi fertilizer, manuals, composters and bokashi fertilizer products themselves. Publication is carried out on youtube media and the website of the Polynema Chemical Engineering department
BIMBINGAN TEKNIS PEMASANGAN PERANGKAT SPC CAMERA MODEL KST2 UNTUK KEAMANAN WARGA PERUMAHAN CITRA CANDI MENDUT MALANG
Authors: Indrawan Nugrahanto  , Sungkono  , Elka Faizal
Published: October 2022

At this time the demand for security cameras is increasing in line with the increasing number of criminal acts, this technology seems to be required to be installed in various public places and facilities that require more supervision in order to create security and safety. IP Camera (type KST2 SPC) is the latest solution in the field of security. This monitoring device has a monitor range that is not limited to the room, but the IP camera can also be accessed by a personal computer or laptop that is connected directly via LAN, Internet, or cellular network. IP Camera is a long-term solution that is very useful, very flexible, and can work for the next 10 years. IP Camera has other features such as camera selection and navigation features that affect video size and access speed. IP Camera is a CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) camera that uses Internet Protocol to transmit image data and control signals. Thus, IP cameras have several advantages over analog CCTV. In its use, this tool is also quite easy to integrate with various electronic-based early warning systems. Data from camera readings can be stored on a microSD which can store recording activity data for a full month.
SISTEM REPOSITORI DAN PENGARSIPAN UNTUK MANAJEMEN PENYIMPANAN DATA SURAT RESMI PADA DESA KARANGDUREN KABUPATEN MALANG
Authors: Yuri Ariyanto  , Atiqah Nurul Asri  , Dwi Puspitasari  , Yoppy Yunhasnawa  , Faiz Ushbah Mubarok
Published: October 2022

At the village level, there are many obstacles faced by village government officials in their efforts to provide services to the community. One of which is storing official letters that have been issued by the Village Office. So far, official letter storage at the village office was still in the form of hard files (paper) and stacked on storage shelves, without any soft files and filing numbers. With such a letter storage model, as a result, the village office correspondents had difficulty especially in finding the letter if needed. Therefore, a Repository and Archiving System for Data Storage Management of Official Letters was created so as to improve the service and efficiency of the Karangduren Village Office's performance in serving the community. In other words, this PPM (Community Service) activity produced a prototype repository and archiving system application for data storage management for official letters at the Karangduren Village Office, Kec. Pakisaji, Kab. Malang, by involving all members of the PPM team for its implementation. Students were involved in survey activities to analyze system requirements in Karangduren Village, Pakisaji Sub-district, Malang Regency and making application usage modules.
Food sovereignty in sub-Saharan Africa: Reality, relevance, and practicality
Authors: Mudombi-Rusinamhodzi Grace , Rusinamhodzi Leonard
Published: October 2022

The recent discourse on food sovereignty places much emphasis on democracy in determining localized food systems, and whether the food is culturally appropriate while leaning heavily on sustainable agricultural practices such as organic agriculture, ecological intensification, agroecology, nature-based solutions, and regenerative agriculture. Sustainable agricultural practices are intended to ensure that the land is managed without the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, while going further by focusing on improvements on soil and land health. However, what are the practicalities of food activism and relying entirely on nature while yields are still very low in much of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)? We attempt to answer this question in four main sections: (a) we start by defining the concept of food sovereignty and the associated practices, (b) we highlight some of the main socio-ecological conditions that are common in SSA, and (c) we present evidence of some of the limitations of food sovereignty due to the diversity in ecological, political, cultural, and socio-economic contexts that characterize SSA; finally, (d) we focus on food preferences, marketing and certification aspects. We conclude that agroecology alone cannot solve the multiple objectives of increasing crop productivity and replenishing soil nutrients especially on small farms and relying on natural rainfall. There is an urgent need to combine superior crop varieties and judicious use of external inputs in tandem with the manipulation of the agroecological processes to increase the efficiency of input use and achieve higher food productivity, resilience to climate change, and preservation of the natural resource base in specific locations.
Comparison of the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells on erectile dysfunction in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury
Authors: Ti Yunrong , Yang Mengbo , Chen Xinda , Zhang Ming , Xia Jingjing , Lv Xiangguo , Xiao Dongdong , Wang Jiucun , Lu Mujun
Published: October 2022

Background: Cavernous nerve injury (CNI) is the leading cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) after radical prostatectomy and pelvic fracture. Transplantation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) has been widely used to restore erectile function in CNI-ED rats and patients. Umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (CBMSCs) are similarly low immunogenic but much primitive compared to ASCs and more promising in large-scale commercial applications due to the extensive establishment of cord blood banks. However, whether CBMSCs and ASCs have differential therapeutic efficacy on CNI-ED and the underlying mechanisms are still not clear.

Materials and methods: A bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) rat model was established by crushing the bilateral cavernous nerves. After crushing, ASCs and CBMSCs were intracavernously injected immediately. Erectile function, Masson staining, and immunofluorescence analyses of penile tissues were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks. PKH-26-labeled ASCs or CBMSCs were intracavernously injected to determine the presence and differentiation of ASCs or CBMSCs in the penis 3 days after injection. In vitro experiments including intracellular ROS detection, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, EdU cell proliferation staining, cell apoptosis assay, and protein chip assay were conducted to explore the underlying mechanism of CBMSC treatment compared with ASC treatment.

Results: CBMSC injection significantly restored erectile function, rescued the loss of cavernous corporal smooth muscles, and increased the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen. PKH-26-labeled CBMSCs or ASCs did not colocalize with endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells in the corpus cavernosum. Moreover, the conditioned medium (CM) of CBMSCs could significantly inhibit the oxidative stress and elevate the mitochondria membrane potential and proliferation of Schwann cells. Better therapeutic effects were observed in the CBMSC group than the ASC group both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the content of neurotrophic factors and matrix metalloproteinases in CBMSC-CM, especially NT4, VEGF, MMP1, and MMP3 was significantly higher than that of ASC-CM.

Conclusion: Intracavernous injection of CBMSCs exhibited a better erectile function restoration than that of ASCs in CNI-ED rats owing to richer secretory factors, which can promote nerve regeneration and reduce extracellular matrix deposition. CBMSC transplantation would be a promising therapeutic strategy for CNI-ED regeneration in the future.
Application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes from different sources in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Xia Yuanliang , Yang Ruohan , Hou Yulin , Wang Hengyi , Li Yuehong , Zhu Jianshu , Fu Changfeng
Published: October 2022

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a main cause of lower back pain, leading to psychological and economic burdens to patients. Physical therapy only delays pain in patients but cannot eliminate the cause of IVDD. Surgery is required when the patient cannot tolerate pain or has severe neurological symptoms. Although surgical resection of IVD or decompression of the laminae eliminates the diseased segment, it damages adjacent normal IVD. There is also a risk of re-protrusion after IVD removal. Cell therapy has played a crucial role in the development of regenerative medicine. Cell transplantation promotes regeneration of degenerative tissue. However, owing to the lack of vascular structure in IVD, sufficient nutrients cannot be provided for transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In addition, dead cells release harmful substances that aggravate IVDD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively studied as an emerging therapeutic approach. EVs generated by paracrine MSCs retain the potential of MSCs and serve as carriers to deliver their contents to target cells to regulate target cell activity. Owing to their double-layered membrane structure, EVs have a low immunogenicity and no immune rejection. Therefore, EVs are considered an emerging therapeutic modality in IVDD. However, they are limited by mass production and low loading rates. In this review, the structure of IVD and advantages of EVs are introduced, and the application of MSC-EVs in IVDD is discussed. The current limitations of EVs and future applications are described.
Polymeric nanoparticles—Promising carriers for cancer therapy
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Teng Fei , Shi Changkuo , Chen Junyu , Wu Shuqing , Wang Bao , Meng Xiang , Essiet Imeh Aniekan , Li Wenliang
Published: October 2022

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) play an important role in controlled cancer drug delivery. Anticancer drugs can be conjugated or encapsulated by polymeric nanocarriers, which are known as polymeric nanomedicine. Polymeric nanomedicine has shown its potential in providing sustained release of drugs with reduced cytotoxicity and modified tumor retention, but until now, few delivery systems loading drugs have been able to meet clinical demands, so more efforts are needed. This research reviews the current state of the cancer drug-loading system by exhibiting a series of published articles that highlight the novelty and functions from a variety of different architectures including micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, polymersomes, hydrogels, and metal–organic frameworks. These may contribute to the development of useful polymeric NPs to achieve different therapeutic purposes.
Phenylalanine hydroxylase mRNA rescues the phenylketonuria phenotype in mice
Authors: Cacicedo Maximiliano L. , Weinl-Tenbruck Christine , Frank Daniel , Limeres Maria Jose , Wirsching Sebastian , Hilbert Katja , Pasha Famian Mansure Abdollah , Horscroft Nigel , Hennermann Julia B. , Zepp Fred , Chevessier-Tünnesen Frédéric , Gehring Stephan
Published: October 2022

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency in functional phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), resulting in accumulation of phenylalanine (Phe) in patients’ blood and organs. Affected patients encounter severe developmental delay, neurological deficits, and behavioral abnormalities when not treated. Early diagnosis and treatment are extremely important; newborn screening programs have been implemented in most countries to ensure early identification of patients with PKU. Despite available treatment options, several challenges remain: life-long adherence to a strict diet, approval of some medications for adults only, and lack of response to these therapies in a subpopulation of patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for treatment alternatives. An mRNA-based approach tested in PKU mice showed a fast reduction in the accumulation of Phe in serum, liver and brain, the most significant organ affected. Repeated injections of LNP-formulated mouse PAH mRNA rescued PKU mice from the disease phenotype for a prolonged period of time. An mRNA-based approach could improve the quality of life tremendously in PKU patients of all ages by replacing standard-of-care treatments.
Parental obesity-induced changes in developmental programming
Authors: Cechinel Laura R. , Batabyal Rachael A. , Freishtat Robert J. , Zohn Irene E.
Published: October 2022

Many studies support the link between parental obesity and the predisposition to develop adult-onset metabolic syndromes that include obesity, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and diabetes in the offspring. As the prevalence of obesity increases in persons of childbearing age, so does metabolic syndrome in their descendants. Understanding how parental obesity alters metabolic programs in the progeny, predisposing them to adult-onset metabolic syndrome, is key to breaking this cycle. This review explores the basis for altered metabolism of offspring exposed to overnutrition by focusing on critical developmental processes influenced by parental obesity. We draw from human and animal model studies, highlighting the adaptations in metabolism that occur during normal pregnancy that become maladaptive with obesity. We describe essential phases of development impacted by parental obesity that contribute to long-term alterations in metabolism in the offspring. These encompass gamete formation, placentation, adipogenesis, pancreas development, and development of brain appetite control circuits. Parental obesity alters the developmental programming of these organs in part by inducing epigenetic changes with long-term consequences on metabolism. While exposure to parental obesity during any of these phases is sufficient to alter long-term metabolism, offspring often experience multiple exposures throughout their development. These insults accumulate to increase further the susceptibility of the offspring to the obesogenic environments of modern society.
The effects of red LED light on pig sperm function rely upon mitochondrial electron chain activity rather than on a PKC-mediated mechanism
Authors: Blanco-Prieto Olga , Maside Carolina , Àlex Peña  , Ibáñez-Príncep Júlia , Bonet Sergi , Yeste Marc , Rodríguez-Gil Joan E.
Published: October 2022

While irradiation with red LED light has been reported to modulate sperm function in different mammalian species, the mechanisms underlying their response are poorly understood. This work sought to provide new insights into whether this effect relies on a direct action upon mitochondrial electron chain and/or on PKC-linked mechanisms such as those related to opsins. For this purpose, pig semen was light-stimulated for 1, 5 or 10 min in the presence/absence of antimycin A, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial electron chain, or PKC 20–28® (PKCi), a PKC inhibitor. Antimycin A completely blocked the effects of light at all the performed irradiation patterns. This effect was linked to a complete immobility of sperm, which was accompanied with a significant (p < 0.05) drop in several markers of mitochondrial activity, such as JC-1 staining and O2 consumption rate. Antimycin A, however, did not affect intracellular ATP levels, intramitochondrial calcium, total ROS, superoxides or cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) activity. In the case of PKCi, it did also counteract the effects of light on motility, O2 consumption rate and CCO activity, but not to the same extent than that observed for antimycin A. Finally, the effects observed when sperm were co-incubated with antimycin A and PKCi were similar to those observed with antimycin A alone. In conclusion, red LED light acts on sperm function via a direct effect on mitochondrial electron chain. Additionally, light-activated PKC pathways have a supplementary effect to that observed in the electron chain, thereby modulating sperm parameters such as motility and CCO activity.
The expression profiles of circular RNAs and competing endogenous RNA networks in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Liang Zi , Liu Liyan , Guo Xinyi , Wu Xia , Yu Yun-Li , Yu Ziyang , Hu Xiaolong , Zhang Xing , Wang Ji
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a heterogeneous entity with diverse etiologies, morphologies, and clinical outcomes, but our knowledge of its epidemiology and carcinogenesis is very limited.

Materials and methods: The expression patterns of circRNAs were explored in iCCA tissues and corresponding adjacent normal ones, denoted by (iCCA) and (iCCAP), respectively, using high-throughput sequencing.

Results: A total of 117 differential expressed (DE) circRNAs were identified. Based on the parental transcripts of circRNAs, these DE circRNAs were related to several important GO terms and were enriched in important pathways. Two circRNA-mediated ceRNA networks were constructed and many important metabolic pathways related to mRNAs were regulated by DE circRNAs via miRNAs.

Conclusion: Our study revealed the DE circRNAs in the iCCA tissues compared with iCCAP ones, suggesting that circRNAs may play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of iCCA.
Perovskite-based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media: A mini review
Authors: Kim Dongkyu , Oh Lee Seul , Park Jong Hyeok , Kim Hyung Ju , Lee Seonggyu , Lim Eunho
Published: October 2022

Water electrolysis is one of the attractive technologies for producing clean and sustainable hydrogen fuels with high purity. Among the various kinds of water electrolysis systems, anion exchange membrane water electrolysis has received much attention by combining the advantages of alkaline water electrolysis and proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. However, the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction, which is based on multiple and complex reaction mechanisms, is regarded as a major obstacle for the development of high-efficiency water electrolysis. Therefore, the development of high-performance oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts is a prerequisite for the commercialization and wide application of water electrolysis systems. This mini review highlights the current progress of representative oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts that are based on a perovskite structure in alkaline media. We first summarize the research status of various kinds of perovskite-based oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts, reaction mechanisms and activity descriptors. Finally, the challenges facing the development of perovskite-based oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts and a perspective on their future are discussed.
Light-activated nanomaterials for tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Fang , Duan Huijuan , Xu Weizhe , Sheng Gang , Sun Zhaogang , Chu Hongqian
Published: October 2022

Tumor immunotherapy mainly relies on activating the immune system to achieve antitumor treatment. However, the present tumor immunotherapy used in the clinic showed low treatment efficacy with high systematic toxicity. To overcome the shortcomings of traditional drugs for immunotherapy, a series of antitumor immunotherapies based on nanomaterials have been developed to enhance the body’s antitumor immune response and reduce systematic toxicity. Due to the noninvasiveness, remote controllability, and high temporal and spatial resolution of light, photocontrolled nanomaterials irradiated by excitation light have been widely used in drug delivery and photocontrolled switching. This review aims to highlight recent advances in antitumor immunotherapy based on photocontrolled nanomaterials. We emphasized the advantages of nanocomposites for antitumor immunotherapy and highlighted the latest progress of antitumor immunotherapy based on photoactivated nanomaterials. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of light-activated nanomaterials in antitumor immunity are discussed.
Recent progress in nanocomposites of carbon dioxide fixation derived reproducible biomedical polymers
Authors: Liu Xin , Jiang Zhiwen , Xing Dejun , Yang Yan , Li Zhiying , Sun Zhiqiang
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the environmental problems accompanying the extensive application of biomedical polymer materials produced from fossil fuels have attracted more and more attentions. As many biomedical polymer products are disposable, their life cycle is relatively short. Most of the used or overdue biomedical polymer products need to be burned after destruction, which increases the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). Developing biomedical products based on CO2 fixation derived polymers with reproducible sources, and gradually replacing their unsustainable fossil-based counterparts, will promote the recycling of CO2 in this field and do good to control the greenhouse effect. Unfortunately, most of the existing polymer materials from renewable raw materials have some property shortages, which make them unable to meet the gradually improved quality and property requirements of biomedical products. In order to overcome these shortages, much time and effort has been dedicated to applying nanotechnology in this field. The present paper reviews recent advances in nanocomposites of CO2 fixation derived reproducible polymers for biomedical applications, and several promising strategies for further research directions in this field are highlighted.
Mononuclear manganese complexes as hydrogen evolving catalysts
Authors: Kaim Vishakha , Joshi Meenakshi , Stein Matthias , Kaur-Ghumaan Sandeep
Published: October 2022

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is one of the pillars of future non-fossil energy supply. In the quest for alternative, non-precious metal catalysts for hydrogen generation to replace platinum, biological systems such as the enzyme hydrogenase serve as a blueprint. By taking inspiration from the bio-system, mostly nickel- or iron-based catalysts were explored so far. Manganese is a known oxygen-reducing catalyst but has received much less attention for its ability to reduce protons in acidic media. Here, the synthesis, characterization, and reaction mechanisms of a series of four mono-nuclear Mn(I) complexes in terms of their catalytic performance are reported. The effect of the variation of equatorial and axial ligands in their first and second coordination spheres was assessed pertaining to their control of the turnover frequencies and overpotentials. All four complexes show reactivity and reduce protons in acidic media to release molecular hydrogen H2. Quantum chemical studies were able to assign and interpret spectral characterizations from UV–Vis and electrochemistry and rationalize the reaction mechanism. Two feasible reaction mechanisms of electrochemical (E) and protonation (C) steps were compared. Quantum chemical studies can assign peaks in the cyclic voltammetry to structural changes of the complex during the reaction. The first one-electron reduction is essential to generate an open ligand-based site for protonation. The distorted octahedral Mn complexes possess an inverted second one-electron redox potential which is a pre-requisite for a swift and facile release of molecular hydrogen. This series on manganese catalysts extends the range of elements of the periodic table which are able to catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction and will be explored further.
A facile synthesis of CeO2 from the GO@Ce-MOF precursor and its efficient performance in the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Ahmed Malik Wasif Mahmood , Afaq Sheereen , Mahmood Azhar , Niu Li , Yousaf ur Rehman Muhammad , Ibrahim Muhammad , Mohyuddin Abrar , Qureshi Ashfaq Mahmood , Ashiq Muhammad Naeem , Chughtai Adeel Hussain
Published: October 2022

Electrochemical water splitting has enticed fascinating consideration as a key conduit for the advancement of renewable energy systems. Fabricating adequate electrocatalysts for water splitting is fervently preferred to curtail their overpotentials and hasten practical utilizations. In this work, a series of Ce-MOF, GO@Ce-MOF, calcinated Ce-MOF, and calcinated GO@Ce-MOF were synthesized and used as high-proficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction. The physicochemical characteristics of the prepared samples were measured by diverse analytical techniques including SEM, HRTEM, FTIR, BET, XPS, XRD, and EDX. All materials underwent cyclic voltammetry tests and were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and oxygen evolution reaction. Ce-MOF, GO@Ce-MOF, calcinated Ce-MOF, and calcinated GO@Ce-MOF have remarkable properties such as enhanced specific surface area, improved catalytic performance, and outstanding permanency in the alkaline solution (KOH). These factors upsurge ECSA and intensify the OER performance of the prepared materials. More exposed surface active-sites present in calcinated GO@Ce-MOF could be the logic for superior electrocatalytic activity. Chronoamperometry of the catalyst for 15°h divulges long-term stability of Ce-MOF during OER. Impedance measurements indicate higher conductivity of synthesized catalysts, facilitating the charge transfer reaction during electrochemical water splitting. This study will open up a new itinerary for conspiring highly ordered MOF-based surface active resources for distinct electrochemical energy applications.
Challenges for the development of a universal vaccine against leptospirosis revealed by the evaluation of 22 vaccine candidates
Authors: Maia Mara A. C. , Bettin Everton B. , Barbosa Liana N. , de Oliveira Natasha R. , Bunde Tiffany T. , Pedra Ana Carolina K. , Rosa Guilherme A. , da Rosa Elias E. B. , Seixas Neto Amilton C. P. , Grassmann André A. , McFadden Johnjoe , Dellagostin Odir A. , McBride Alan J. A.
Published: October 2022

Leptospirosis is a neglected disease of man and animals that affects nearly half a million people annually and causes considerable economic losses. Current human vaccines are inactivated whole-cell preparations (bacterins) of Leptospira spp. that provide strong homologous protection yet fail to induce a cross-protective immune response. Yearly boosters are required, and serious side-effects are frequently reported so the vaccine is licensed for use in humans in only a handful of countries. Novel universal vaccines require identification of conserved surface-exposed epitopes of leptospiral antigens. Outer membrane β-barrel proteins (βb-OMPs) meet these requirements and have been successfully used as vaccines for other diseases. We report the evaluation of 22 constructs containing protein fragments from 33 leptospiral βb-OMPs, previously identified by reverse and structural vaccinology and cell-surface immunoprecipitation. Three-dimensional structures for each leptospiral βb-OMP were predicted by I-TASSER. The surface-exposed epitopes were predicted using NetMHCII 2.2 and BepiPred 2.0. Recombinant constructs containing regions from one or more βb-OMPs were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. IMAC-purified recombinant proteins were adsorbed to an aluminium hydroxide adjuvant to produce the vaccine formulations. Hamsters (4-6 weeks old) were vaccinated with 2 doses containing 50 – 125 μg of recombinant protein, with a 14-day interval between doses. Immunoprotection was evaluated in the hamster model of leptospirosis against a homologous challenge (10 – 20× ED50) with L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130. Of the vaccine formulations, 20/22 were immunogenic and induced significant humoral immune responses (IgG) prior to challenge. Four constructs induced significant protection (100%, P < 0.001) and sterilizing immunity in two independent experiments, however, this was not reproducible in subsequent evaluations (0 – 33.3% protection, P > 0.05). The lack of reproducibility seen in these challenge experiments and in other reports in the literature, together with the lack of immune correlates and commercially available reagents to characterize the immune response, suggest that the hamster may not be the ideal model for evaluation of leptospirosis vaccines and highlight the need for evaluation of alternative models, such as the mouse.
Metagenomic next-generation sequencing indicates more precise pathogens in patients with pulmonary infection: A retrospective study
Authors: Wu Dengfeng , Wang Wei , Xun Qiufen , Wang Hongluan , Liu Jiarong , Zhong Ziqing , Ouyang Chao , Yang Qing
Published: October 2022

Background

Timely identification of causative pathogens is important for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infections. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), a novel approach to pathogen detection, can directly sequence nucleic acids of specimens, providing a wide range of microbial profile. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of mNGS in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with suspected pulmonary infection.

Methods

From April 2019 to September 2021, 502 patients with suspected pneumonia, who underwent both mNGS of BALF and conventional microbiological tests (CMTs), were classified into different groups based on comorbidities. The diagnostic performances of mNGS and CMTs were compared. Comprehensive clinical analysis was used as the reference standard.

Results

The diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of mNGS were 74.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.7-78.7%) and 72.5% (95% CI, 68.2-76.8%) respectively, outperformed those of CMTs (36.9% diagnostic accuracy, 25.4% sensitivity). For most pathogens, the detection rate of mNGS was higher than that of CMTs. Polymicrobial infections most often occurred in immunocompromised patients (22.1%). Only 2.3% patients without underlying diseases developed polymicrobial infections. Additionally, the spectrums of pathogens also varied among the different groups. We found the positive predictive values (PPV) to be dependent upon both the pathogen of interest as well as the immunologic status of the patient (e.g., the PPV of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 94.9% while the PPV of Pneumocystis jirovecii in immunocompetent individuals was 12.8%). This information can help physicians interpret mNGS results.

Conclusion

mNGS of BALF can greatly enhance the accuracy and detection rate of pathogens in patients with pulmonary infections. Moreover, the comorbidities and types of pathogens should be taken consideration when interpreting the results of mNGS.
Protein domain-dependent vesiculation of Lipoprotein A, a protein that is important in cell wall synthesis and fitness of the human respiratory pathogen Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Jalalvand Farshid , Su Yu-Ching , Manat Guillaume , Chernobrovkin Alexey , Kadari Mahendar , Jonsson Sandra , Janousková Martina , Rutishauser Dorothea , Semsey Szabolcs , Løbner-Olesen Anders , Sandblad Linda , Flärdh Klas , Mengin-Lecreulx Dominique , Zubarev Roman A. , Riesbeck Kristian
Published: October 2022

The human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae causes respiratory tract infections and is commonly associated with prolonged carriage in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is a ubiquitous phenomenon observed in Gram-negative bacteria including H. influenzae. OMVs play an important role in various interactions with the human host; from neutralization of antibodies and complement activation to spread of antimicrobial resistance. Upon vesiculation certain proteins are found in OMVs and some proteins are retained at the cell membrane. The mechanism for this phenomenon is not fully elucidated. We employed mass spectrometry to study vesiculation and the fate of proteins in the outer membrane. Functional groups of proteins were differentially distributed on the cell surface and in OMVs. Despite its supposedly periplasmic and outer membrane location, we found that the peptidoglycan synthase-activator Lipoprotein A (LpoA) was accumulated in OMVs relative to membrane fractions. A mutant devoid of LpoA lost its fitness as revealed by growth and electron microscopy. Furthermore, high-pressure liquid chromatography disclosed a lower concentration (55%) of peptidoglycan in the LpoA-deficient H. influenzae compared to the parent wild type bacterium. Using an LpoA-mNeonGreen fusion protein and fluorescence microscopy, we observed that LpoA was enriched in “foci” in the cell envelope, and further located in the septum during cell division. To define the fate of LpoA, C-terminally truncated LpoA-variants were constructed, and we found that the LpoA C-terminal domain promoted optimal transportation to the OMVs as revealed by flow cytometry. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of LpoA for H. influenzae peptidoglycan biogenesis and provides novel insights into cell wall integrity and OMV production.