bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of MX2 regulates innate immunity against HIV-1
Authors: Betancor Gilberto , Jimenez-Guardeño Jose , Lynham Steven , Antrobus Robin , Khan Hataf , Sobala Andrew , Dicks Matthew , Malim Michael
Published: March 2021

Interferon (IFN) mobilizes a cellular anti-viral state by inducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2/MxB) is an ISG that inhibits HIV-1 infection by suppressing viral import into the nucleus. The amino-terminal domain (NTD) of MX2 plays an essential role in viral inhibition and, here, we exploit proteomic screening to identify the myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP) components MYPT1 and PPP1CB as key NTD binding partners. Experimental depletion of either protein, or pharmacologic inhibition of MLCP, reduces MX2 anti-viral activity. Analysis of post-translational modifications defined sites of phosphorylation within the NTD, and replacement of the serines at positions 14, 17 and 18 with the phosphomimetic aspartic acid phenocopies MLCP silencing by abrogating anti-viral function. Phosphorylation of this triple-serine motif impedes MX2’s interaction with its HIV-1 protein target, Capsid, reduces MX2 accumulation at the nuclear envelope, and weakens MX2’s ability to inhibit the nuclear import of non-viral karyophilic cargo. Finally, IFN itself acts to reduce levels of phosphorylation at these key regulatory serines. We therefore propose that homeostatic repression of MX2 through NTD phosphorylation, together with its reversal by MLCP and IFN, balances the deleterious effects of MX2 on normal cell function with innate immunity against HIV-1.
Protection of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA): an observational study
Authors: Wu Zhen , Fang Jugao , Ma Hongzhi , Chen Xiao , Zhong Qi , Hou Lizhen , Huang Junwei , Wang Ru , Shen Xixi
Published: March 2021

Background: Avoiding injury of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve（EBSLN） is one of the major challenges during thyroid surgery, especially in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA). This study aimed to investigate the protective strategies of the EBSLN during TOETVA. Methods: In order to protect the EBSLN during TOETVA, we adopted the method of identification the nerve by anatomy and localization. The method of anatomy involves the dissection of EBSLN by complete transection of the sternothyroid muscle in the attachment of the thyroid cartilage. The method of localization involves nerve stimulation localization, which produces cricothyroid contractile activity through intraoperative nerve monitoring stimulation (IONM). Concurrently, patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 and 3 weeks postoperatively in an individual prospective cohort study using a stroboscopic laryngoscope and the voice handicap index-10 (VHI-10). The VHI-10 score was used to evaluate voice changes. Results: We retrospectively analyzed patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) who underwent TOETVA in the thyroid center of the Beijing Tongren hospital between February 2018 and June 2020. Patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve（RLN）damage were excluded. Sixty patients were enrolled in this study, of which four underwent total thyroidectomy. Intraoperatively, 56 EBSLNs were located (56/64, 87.50%). Among these, the left EBSLN was identified in 20/25(80.00%) and the right EBSLN was identified in 36/39 (92.31%) cases. One week postoperatively, a blinded stroboscopic laryngoscope examination showed that no patient had paresis of the EBSLN. However, the VHI-10 score was significantly higher than the preoperative value (10.58 ± 4.54 vs. 3.00 ± 1.54, p＜0.01). At three weeks postoperatively, the overall score was still different from that preoperatively (4.83 ± 3.34 vs. 3.00 ± 1.54, p＜0.01); however, the vast majority of patients returned to their preoperative status. Conclusion: In TOETVA, the EBSLN can be well exposed by transection of the sternothyroid muscle, and combined with IONM, the protection of the function of the EBSLN can be guaranteed. Simultaneously, we observed that TOETVA could cause a short-term voice handicap in patients, with such changes generally returning to normal within three weeks.
Multi-omics data reveal genes that are relevant for muscular amino acids in the common carp
Authors: Zhu Youxiu , Zhang Hanyuan , Xu Peng , Zhao Zixia , Feng Jianxin , Wu Biyin , Jiang Yanliang , Dong Chuanju , Xu Jian
Published: March 2021

Background: Fish muscular amino acids are a series of essential nutrients that embrace essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids and flavorous amino acids. Previous studies have found that amino acids have important physiological effects on fish growth and development, as they are involved in maintaining nitrogen balance and in the formation of enzymes and hormones. Amino acids, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and alanine, that can have a significant effect on fish umami taste are called flavorous amino acids. Nevertheless, the studies on the genetic mechanisms of amino acid metabolism in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are still limited.Results: The purpose of this study was to examine the divergent patterns at the genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic levels in fish with different amino acid contents. Genome-wide association analysis using 195 individuals of common carp was conducted, and 62 genes were identified to be associated with glycine, proline, and tyrosine content. RNA-Seq of samples with extreme contents of essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acids and flavorous amino acids was applied using brain, liver and muscle tissues, resulting in 1,643 differentially expressed genes. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing identified 3,108 genes with differentially methylated promoters. Through the enrichment analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylation results, we screened out a series of enriched pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, including various categories of pathways spanning growth regulation, lipid metabolism, the citrate cycle and other signaling pathways. Integrated studies demonstrated prominent correlations between DGE and DMP for amino acid contents trait in brain and muscle tissues.Conclusions: In summary, the multi-omics data revealed candidate genes and pathways correlated with amino acid metabolism. These results will promote the process of the genomic selection and breeding strategy in muscular amino acid contents of fish.
Gaps in patient-physician communication at the time of malignant bowel obstruction from recurrent gynecologic cancer: a qualitative study.
Authors: Hoppenot Claire , Hlubocky Fay J , Chor Julie , Yamada S. Diane , Lee Nita
Published: March 2021

Purpose We sought to investigate the patient and physician approaches to malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) due to recurrent gynecologic cancer by 1) comparing patient and physician expectations and priorities during a new MBO diagnosis, and 2) highlighting factors that facilitate patient-doctor communication.Methods Patients were interviewed about their experience during an admission for MBO, and physicians were interviewed about their general approach towards MBO. Interviews were analyzed for themes using QDAMiner qualitative analysis software. The analysis utilized the framework analysis and used both predetermined themes and those that emerged from the data.Results We interviewed 14 patients admitted with MBO from recurrent gynecologic cancer and 15 gynecologic oncologists. We found differences between patients and physicians regarding plans for next chemotherapy treatments, foremost priorities, communication styles, and end-of-life discussions. Both patients and physicians felt that the patient-physician communication was improved in situations of trust, understanding patient preferences, corroboration of information, and increased time spent with patients during and before the MBO.Conclusion Gaps in patient-physician communication could be targeted to improve the patient experience and physician counseling during a difficulty diagnosis by focusing on education, symptoms, home support, nutrition, and end-of-life care.
Interaction with Endogenous Microorganisms, Comamonas testosteroni Enhanced the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Soil
Authors: Sun Xueting , Li Xin , Cui Yue , Jiang Ziwei , Wang Qiao , Lu Qian , Cui Jizhe
Published: March 2021

This study was to explore the functional role of Comamonas testosteroni (Ct) on soil indigenous microorganisms, and analyze the effect of Ct on PAHs degradation in PAH-contaminated soil. Results showed that inoculation of Ct could degrade naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe), and benzo [α] pyrene (BaP) significantly. The degradation rate of Nap, Phe and BaP was 81.18%, 63.38% and 37.98% on day 25, respectively, suggesting that the low molecular weight of Nap and Phe were easier to be degraded by microorganisms than BaP. Network analysis showed that inoculation of Ct significantly increased the bacteria closely related to PAHs. Structural equation models confirmed Steroidobacter as functional bacteria could affect the degradation of Nap and BaP. Inoculated Ct could effectively enhance the synergy among indigenous bacteria to degrade PAHs. This would be helpful to understand the function of inoculated strains in PAH-contaminated soil and identify functional microorganisms of PAHs remediation.
Identification of compounds adsorbed and deposited on the Ni-Mo catalysts surface of alumina and SBA-15 by DRIFTS, Raman and TPO Analyses before and after Guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation.
Authors: Lima Rubens W.S. , Hewer Thiago L.R. , Alves Rita M.B. , Schmal Martin
Published: March 2021

We studied and identified compounds adsorbed or deposited on the catalysts surface of the Ni-Mo supported on alumina and SBA-15, before and after hydrodeoxigenation of a bio-oil model (guaiacol). Marked differences were observed on both catalysts through DRIFTS and Raman spectroscopy showing that the alumina-supported catalyst contains deposits of aromatic and oxygenated organic substances, while the carbon deposits on the SBA-15 as aliphatic simple molecules. TPO analyses confirm that the carbon deposited on the NiMo/SBA-15 catalyst were light polymer types, mainly nanotubes and nano fibers, while on the alumina catalyst the mainly carbon species formed were graphite type and heavier carbons. Post reaction analysis of the catalysts showed coke formation and carbon deposition rate of 1.14 mgcoke.gcat−1 h− 1 for NiMo/SBA-15 and the deactivation was 44 % higher for the NiMo/Al2O3 with 1.65 mgcoke.gcat−1 h− 1of carbon deposition rate.
Effects of copper ions and copper nanomaterials on the output of amino acids from marine algae
Authors: Huang Wenqiu , Zhou Yuping , Zhao Ting , Tan Liju , Wang Jiangtao
Published: March 2021

In this study, the effects of different copper’s forms, metal salt (Cu2+), nano-metal (nano-Cu) and nano-metal oxide (nano-CuO), were tested on two marine algae named Skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia closterium. During a 96-hour exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) and salt, cell number, Cu2+ concentration in the culture medium, morphology and intracellular amino acids was measured to assess the toxicity of those copper materials and the toxicity mechanism of NPs. It was found that the toxicity of Cu2+, nano-Cu and nano-CuO on marine phytoplankton decreased in order. The EC50 values of Cu2+ and nano-Cu for S. costatum and N. closterium ranged from 0.356 to 0.991 mg/L and 0.663 to 2.455 mg/L, respectively. Nano-Cu inhibited the growth of marine phytoplankton mainly by releasing Cu2+, however, nano-CuO mainly produced toxic effects on microalgae through the effect of NPs. The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances by microalgae could be another possible reason for nano-Cu and nano-CuO to impose implications for microalgae. S. costatum was more sensitive to copper than N. closterium. Cu2+, nano-Cu and nano-CuO all reduced the total output of algae-derived amino acids by affecting the growth of phytoplankton and per-cell amino acids. This manuscript is of important implications to fill the data gaps for nano-Cu and nano-CuO risk assessment on marine algae.
Double-crossed knotless suture anchor repair of quadriceps rupture
Authors: Ali Waqas , Iqbal Javaid , Leonard Liam , O'Grady Paul
Published: March 2021

Quadriceps tendon rupture is an uncommon injury but may result in long term disability if not adequately repaired. Many techniques are described for repair of acute quadriceps tendon rupture, including tendon-to-tendon repair, trans-osseous tunnels, synthetic augmentation, tendon plasty and the use of suture anchors. There is no single accepted surgical treatment. This study's objective was to assess the efficacy of a double-crossed suture anchor repair in the management of quadriceps tendon rupture. Materials and methods: 85 patient attended our institute for surgical management of quadriceps tendon rupture over eight years (2012-2019). Seven patients were treated with the use of a double-crossed suture anchor fixation. These patients were allowed to weight bear in a hinged knee brace for six weeks following surgery. Six out of seven patients had one or more predisposing co-morbidities, including obesity, diabetes, renal failure, quinolone and steroid use. Results: Clinical and functional outcome were recorded during follow up visits prospectively for a mean of one year (10-14 months). The mean knee flexion was 124 degree (120 -130). All patients were able to return to activities of daily living (ADL) with a mean of 2 months (1.5-3 months) and return to work at a mean of 6 months (4-8 months). The mean Tegner, Cincinnati and Lysholm score at the latest follow up were 2.8 (0-5), 79.2 (60-88) and 90 (70-100), respectively. There were no early complications. There was no re-tear reported at the latest follow up. Conclusion : The double-crossed suture anchor fixation is a safe and effective treatment option in managing quadriceps tendon ruptures.
Fabrication of nano zero valent iron/biopolymer composite with antibacterial properties for simultaneous removal of nitrate and humic acid: Kinetics and isotherm studies
Authors: Pourbaghaei Nazanin Zahra , Anbia Mansoor , Rahimi Fatemeh
Published: March 2021

This investigation compared the adsorption behavior of humic acid (HA) on cellulose, chitosan and nano zerovalent iron/chitosan (nZVI/chitosan). Results show that nZVI/chitosan is very effective in the adsorption of HA from aqueous media. The feasibility of using nZVI/chitosan as an adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of nitrate and HA from aqueous media was also studied. Structural analyses of the samples were identified by TEM, FT-IR, EDX, XRD and N2 isotherms. The effects of pH, amount of composite, nitrate concentration, HA concentration and contact time and their interactions on responses were explored by central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions of pH (5.5), adsorbent amount (0.098 g), reaction time (27 min) and initial concentrations (110 mg/L for nitrate and 30 mg/L for HA) were obtained from desirability function. The adsorption properties of the resulting nanocomposite toward nitrate and HA were investigated through kinetic and isotherm adsorption studies. The adsorption kinetics was found to fit the pseudo-second order model. The results obtained indicate that nitrate uptake fitted well with the Langmuir model while the Freundlich isotherm was the best model for describing the multilayer uptake of HA from aqueous solutions. Moreover, nZVI/chitosan nanocomposite illustrates a very high antibacterial activity against pathogen bacteria strains such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25935, ATCC 25923, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The findings reported in this investigation highlight the potential of using nZVI/chitosan as a promising adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of nitrate and HA from aqueous solutions.
Transcriptome analysis reveals potential mechanisms and pathways underlying embryonic development with respect to muscle growth and egg production in slow and fast growing chickens
Authors: Kanakachari M. , Ashwini R. , Chatterjee R. N. , Bhattacharya T. K
Published: March 2021

Background: Chicken is one of the important meat sources throughout the globe. Muscle development and egg production are important genetic traits in commercially raising chickens. However, not much information is available in the fast and slow growth of chicken to determine the expression of genes involved in muscle development and egg production in embryo initiation and developmental stages. This study was designed to investigate why improved Aseel (PD4) growing slowly compared with the control broiler (CB), microarray was conducted with the 7th-day embryo and 18th-day thigh muscle of improved Aseel (PD4) and control broiler (CL), respectively.Results: In the differential transcripts screening, all the transcripts obtained by microarray of slow and fast growth groups were screened by fold change ≥1 and false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. In total, 19022 transcripts were differentially expressed between the 7th-day embryo and 18th-day thigh muscle of improved Aseel compared to the control broiler. Further analysis showed that a high number of transcripts are differentially regulated in the 7th-day improved Aseel embryo (15382) and fewer transcripts were differentially regulated (3640) in the 18th-day thigh muscle of improved Aseel compared to control broiler. In the 7th and 18th-day improved Aseel embryo, 10127, 2102, 5255, and 1538 transcripts were up and down-regulated, respectively. The commonly up and down-regulated transcripts are 545 and 381 between the 7th and 18th-day of embryos. In this study, we have selected 18 Gallus gallus candidate reference genes from NCBI and total RNA was isolated from control broiler, improved Aseel embryo tissues, and studied their expression profiles by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The best housekeeping gene was identified by using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta CT, and RefFinder analytical software. The result showed that the TFRC gene is the most stable and further it is used for qPCR data normalization. Further, to validate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to muscle growth, myostatin signaling and development, fatty acid metabolism genes in improved Aseel (PD4) and control broiler embryo tissues by qPCR. Conclusion: Our study identified DEGs that regulate myostatin signaling and differentiation pathway, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, Jak-STAT, mTOR, and TGF-β signaling pathways, tryptophan metabolism, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways in improved Aseel. The results revealed that the gene expression architecture is present in the improved Aseel exhibiting embryo growth that will help to improve muscle development, differentiation, egg production, as well as protein synthesis in improved Aseel native chicken. Our findings may be used as a model for improving the growth in improved Aseel as well as optimizing the growth in the control broiler.
Influence of water saturation on the strength characteristics and deformation behavior of hardened cement paste backfill
Authors: Wang Jie , Fu Jianxin
Published: March 2021

In this study, a uniaxial compression experimental was conducted to examine the mechanical properties of hardened cemented paste backfill (CPB) with different water saturations (0.18%, 4.98%, 9.30%, 21.6%, 32.8%, and 100%). The experimental results demonstrated that water saturation loosened the overall structure of the CPB, which led to the deterioration of its mechanical properties. As the water saturation increased, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), residual strength, strength difference, deformation modulus, secant modulus, E50 (the secant modulus at 50% of the UCS), peak strain, and elastic strain decreased, while the plastic strain ratio increased. The UCS, E50, and peak strain demonstrated exponential function relationships with the water saturation. After the peak point, when the water saturation was less than 20%, the strength of the CPB decreased rapidly, and when the water saturation was greater than 30%, the strength decreased slowly. Lastly, the plastic strain, the strain at 50% of the UCS, and the strain at the maximum secant modulus conformed to the normal distribution, and the water saturation had a minimal impact on these three strains. The fractal dimension, D, of the cracks in the CPB increased exponentially with increasing water saturation and demonstrated a negative linear correlation with the UCS.
Edge surface supercurrent and transport anomalies in Hall effect measurements in Nb
Authors: Zhou Dan , Zeng Hansong , Tang Rujun , Hang Zhi Hong , Hu Zhiwei , Pei Zixi , Ling Xinsheng
Published: March 2021

We report an experimental study of the edge surface superconductivity and the Hall effect in a Nb thin film Hall device. We show that the previously reported anomalous sign reversal of the Hall resistance across the superconducting-normal transition is due to the edge supercurrent. Large anomalous oscillations between the transverse voltage probes are observed in the field range between Hc2 and Hc3, in both the anti-symmetric (Hall) and symmetric (resistive) channels. These oscillations are extremely sensitive to a small tilting of the edge surface relative to the external magnetic field. We suggest that these oscillations may arise from the Aharonov-Bohm interference of the edge supercurrents.
Urbooriented Development of the National Innovative System in the US Metro Areas
Authors: Minat V. N.
Published: March 2021

The socio-economic heterogeneity of spatial development is reflected in modern agglomeration processes, reflecting, first of all, the concentration and localization of innovative activity of elements of innovation systems of the national, regional and transregional levels associated with the reproduction process of the innovation economy. In the United States of America, a  country  that  occupies  a  leading  position,  both  in  terms  of  innovative  development  and the  process  of  urbanization,  there  is  undoubtedly  a  close  relationship  and  interaction  of innovatively active elements and economic agents with the structures that form the country’s metropolitan areas. Within the framework of this interaction, carried out under the influence of agglomeration effects in the space of post-industrial agglomerations of the United States, the urban-oriented development of the national innovation system is actively carried out, which  is  empirically  confirmed  in  the  framework  of  the  study.  The  revealed  correlation and indicative relationship between the noted phenomena made it possible to substantiate a number of specific features of the American metropolitan areas as geospatial conglomerates of innovative activity at the transregional level.
Trudności z wdrażaniem konsumpcji zrównoważonej w ponowoczesnej epoce przyspieszenia
Authors: Leźnicki Marcin
Published: March 2021

W artykule przedstawiono zasadnicze trudności, które uniemożliwiają przyjęcie i wdrażanie konsumpcji zrównoważonej w warunkach neoliberalnej gospodarki wolnorynkowej. W celu lepszego zilustrowania omawianego tematu artykuł podzielono na dwie części. W pierwszej omówiono podstawowe trudności, jakie wpłynęły na nieprzyjęcie koncepcji konsumpcji zrównoważonej leżącej u podstaw rozwoju zrównoważonego. W celu lepszego zobrazowania wspomnianych trudności przedstawiono bliżej pojęcie konsumpcji zrównoważonej, sposoby jej społecznego rozumienia, jak też aksjologię, do której się odwołuje. Ponadto omówiono charakterystykę jakościową konsumpcji zrównoważonej ze wskazaniem przyczyn jej niedostosowania do modelu gospodarki wolnorynkowej. W drugiej części zaprezentowano postulowany w ramach postmodernizmu projekt konsumpcji przyspieszonej leżącej u podstaw ponowoczesnej epoki przyspieszania. Wskazano przy tym jego optymalne dostosowanie do epoki czasu szybko płynącego oraz wymogów gospodarki wolnorynkowej, nastawionej na optymalizację zysku. Zwrócono też uwagę na ilościową charakterystykę przyspieszonej konsumpcji masowej oraz nową aksjologię konsumencką, którą przyniosła ponowoczesność. Ostatecznie przedstawiono, po pierwsze, główne różnice, jakie występują pomiędzy przedstawionymi typami konsumpcji, po drugie zaś warunki realizacji konsumpcji przyspieszonej w warunkach ponowoczesnej epoki przyspieszenia.
Analysis on The Effect of Groyne Type Impermeable Placement on Sediment Distribution in Lariang River Bend
Authors: Prasetyo Wahyu , Juwono Pitojo , Sisinggih Dian
Published: March 2021

Sedimentation and erosion caused by differences in discharge is a problem that often occurs at river bends. One of the functions of placing the groyne is to reduce the river flow velocity along the riverbank, accelerate sedimentation, and ensure the embankment or river bank's safety against scouring. This study aimed to determine the distribution of current velocity, distribution of riverbed shear stress, and sediment distribution to the effect of groyne placement. There are 7 (seven) simulation models used to get the most effective groyne placement. From the model simulation results by adding a groyne building on the river's outer bend for the simulation model scenario 2 to scenario 7, the largest sedimentation production is in scenario 3, namely the height of riverbed sediment deposits 230 hours of 1.094 m. Furthermore, the groyne building's effective placement is determined based on a maximum change in the riverbed scenario. In scenario 3, the placement and dimensions of the groyne length of 17.5 m; distance between groyne 24.4 m; the groyne is inclined upstream in the direction of flow 10°
Primary school pre-service teachers competence level of computational concepts in programming using Dr. Scratch
Authors: Setyawan Theresia Yunia
Published: March 2021

This descriptive research aimed at providing a general description of primary school pre-service teachers’ competence level of computational concepts in programming with Scratch using Dr. Scratch. This study analyzed Scratch projects made by 87 sophomore students of the Primary School Teacher Education Program of Sanata Dharma University as part of their Media Pembelajaran Berbasis ICT (MPBICT) course. The projects were then submitted to the Scratch Online Community platform and analyzed using a web tool called Dr. Scratch to analyze their competence level of computational concepts. The analysis results provided by Dr. Scratch showed that 75.86% of the Scratch projects belong to the category of developing projects while 22.99% of them were categorized as master projects, and only 1.15% of the projects could be labeled as basic projects. The results also revealed that the most common bad coding practices identified in the submitted projects were duplicated scripts and object namings. These results indicated that the primary school pre-service teachers of the Primary School Teacher Education Program of Sanata Dharma University had moderate competence level in integrating Scratch computational concepts such as flow control, data representation, synchronization, and user interactivity but the pre-service teachers still needed to be provided with more opportunities to work with other Scratch computational concepts such as abstraction, parallelism, and logic.
The Adequateness of Adaptive Reuse Pre-War Shop houses in Petaling Street for Modern Users
Authors: Said Shahrul Yani , Mohd Tahir Fatin Najmee , Wongso Jonny , Mohd Ni'man Muhammad Edaufi Firdaus
Published: March 2021

Adaptive reuse is seen as a problem-solving alternative to save our old heritage buildings. The research study the adequateness of the adaptive reuse scheme on Pre-War Shop-Houses in Petaling Street to achieve the Quality of Life (QoL) of modern users. This study investigates the requirement, concept, criteria and element of adaptive reuse required by the local authority by observing the conditions of three selected shophouses in Petaling Street. The study results show that the stakeholders understand and comply with local authority’s the requirement. The conservation and preservation protect the architectural and historical significance while retaining the pre-war shophouses' identity.
Keywords: Adaptive re-use, Petaling Street, Pre-war shophouses, conservation of buildings
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2686
Human coronaviruses that can cause emergencies
Authors: Kononenko A. A. , Noskov A. K. , Vodyanitskaya S. Yu. , Podoynitsyna O. A.
Published: March 2021

The first coronavirus NСoV-B814 was isolated from humans in 1965 and did not survive to the present time. For a long time, it was believed that coronaviruses were not pathogenic to humans. They were not included in the list of particularly dangerous infections and represented a serious problem exclusively in veterinary medicine. But in 2002, after the SARS outbreak, scientists’ opinions changed. A new subtype of the coronavirus called SARS-CoV penetrated the human population. In 2012, it was possible to discover natural foci of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. The epidemic of a new coronavirus infection that emerged in late 2019 and early 2020 attracted the attention of scientists around the world. The priority was a detailed and close study of all the varieties of this virus. This review describes seven types of coronaviruses that can cause emergencies in populations around the world.
The new molecular targets for antidepressants
Authors: Kuznetsov Yu. V. , Evdokimov D. V. , Abramets I. I.
Published: March 2021

The efficacy of depressive disorders treatment is insufficient. It is explained by an incomplete understanding of both pathogenesis of depression and antidepressants mechanism action. An improvement of the treatment efficacy of depression disorders is closely associated with complete knowledge of the pathogenesis of disorders and antidepressant mechanism of action. The effect produced by the first line of antidepressants prescribed currently in the clinical practice includes the accumulation of monoamines and prolonged activation of their membrane receptors. However, a decrease in the membrane receptors density evoked by prolonged activation of monoaminergic receptors is counteracted by the second line of antidepressant activity. It is associated with the expression of inducible regulatory protein S100A10 (p11) and its partners. In this review, the authors examined the structure and function of protein p11, its interaction with such proteins as annexin A2, Ahnak, chromatinremodeling factor SMARCA3. The authors analyzed the influence of p11 on the membrane density of serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT4 receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors 5, voltage-dependent potassium Kv3, and calcium Cav1.2 and 1.3 channels, that play an important role in both the effect of antidepressants and the pathogenesis of depression disorders. A systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, elibrary, and other databases.
Morphological and functional criteria for the effectiveness of recreational activities in children
Authors: Tarakanov A. V. , Chaplygina E. V. , Elizarova E. S. , Tarakanova T. D. , Korshunov O. V.
Published: March 2021

Objective. The study aimed to perform a comprehensive morphofunctional assessment of the effectiveness of recreational activities in children aged 9–12 years in the summer of 2019.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted by the “Problem scientific laboratory of physical methods of diagnosis and treatment” of RostGMU in the children’s health and recreation camp “Mir” (Krasnyi Desant village, Gulf of Taganrog). Procedures and time of the study: somatometry, bioimpedance analysis, сardiointervalography, stabilometrics on the 2nd day of stay and 2.5 weeks after. Two groups were formed: Group I included overweight children (OW), n = 15 (boys, n = 9; girls, n = 6); Group II included children with normal physical development (NPD), n = 37 (boys, n = 17; girls, n = 20). The children received a non-drug complex of camp resource provision for 3 weeks.

Results. Health measures did not lead to significant changes in the somatometric parameters. According to the results of the сardiointerval recording, an authentic increase in the variational range and vegetative rhythm index was found in children with NPD, which indicates an increase in the parasympathetic activity of regulation. The stress index decreased by 30% in the case of NPD, and by 6% in the case of OW. Data from the stabilometric “Balls” simulator showed that after the recovery, the regulation of postural control was optimized, and decision-making processes were accelerated, especially in children with NPD.

Conclusion. The study showed that in order to assess the effectiveness of recreational activities, along with “mandatory” methods, it is advisable to use functional methods such as cardiointervalography and stabilometrics, which can be recommended for use in health and rehabilitation institutions to assess the adaptive capabilities of the organism.
Digital Biomarkers of Symptom Burden Self-Reported by Perioperative Patients Undergoing Pancreatic Surgery: Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Low Carissa A , Li Meng , Vega Julio , Durica Krina C , Ferreira Denzil , Tam Vernissia , Hogg Melissa , Zeh III Herbert , Doryab Afsaneh , Dey Anind K
Published: March 2021

Background

Cancer treatments can cause a variety of symptoms that impair quality of life and functioning but are frequently missed by clinicians. Smartphone and wearable sensors may capture behavioral and physiological changes indicative of symptom burden, enabling passive and remote real-time monitoring of fluctuating symptoms

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine whether smartphone and Fitbit data could be used to estimate daily symptom burden before and after pancreatic surgery.

Methods

A total of 44 patients scheduled for pancreatic surgery participated in this prospective longitudinal study and provided sufficient sensor and self-reported symptom data for analyses. Participants collected smartphone sensor and Fitbit data and completed daily symptom ratings starting at least two weeks before surgery, throughout their inpatient recovery, and for up to 60 days after postoperative discharge. Day-level behavioral features reflecting mobility and activity patterns, sleep, screen time, heart rate, and communication were extracted from raw smartphone and Fitbit data and used to classify the next day as high or low symptom burden, adjusted for each individual’s typical level of reported symptoms. In addition to the overall symptom burden, we examined pain, fatigue, and diarrhea specifically.

Results

Models using light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) were able to correctly predict whether the next day would be a high symptom day with 73.5% accuracy, surpassing baseline models. The most important sensor features for discriminating high symptom days were related to physical activity bouts, sleep, heart rate, and location. LightGBM models predicting next-day diarrhea (79.0% accuracy), fatigue (75.8% accuracy), and pain (79.6% accuracy) performed similarly.

Conclusions

Results suggest that digital biomarkers may be useful in predicting patient-reported symptom burden before and after cancer surgery. Although model performance in this small sample may not be adequate for clinical implementation, findings support the feasibility of collecting mobile sensor data from older patients who are acutely ill as well as the potential clinical value of mobile sensing for passive monitoring of patients with cancer and suggest that data from devices that many patients already own and use may be useful in detecting worsening perioperative symptoms and triggering just-in-time symptom management interventions.
The International Knowledge Application Network Hub in Nutrition 2025 (iKANN): A new tool to inform better nutrition research, policy and practice. (Preprint)
Authors: Lepre Breanna , Ball Lauren , Do Vale Marjorie Lima , Elahi Selvarani , Haines Louise , Ray Sumantra (Shumone)
Published: March 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Abstract: In 2017, 11 million deaths were attributable to diet-related risk factors, yet dietary improvements could potentially prevent one in every five deaths that occur globally. Addressing global nutrition challenges requires multi-sectoral action to strengthen the health system response for nutrition and reshape the food system to support healthy sustainable diets for all. The UN Decade of Action on Nutrition presents an opportunity to unify the aspirations of the nutrition and agriculture community to achieve food systems transformation and end malnutrition in all its forms. The aim of this paper is to describe the development and impact of an innovative technology-based, multi-stakeholder knowledge hub, the International Knowledge Application Network Hub in Nutrition 2025 (iKANN). iKANN is an open access, online portal with bespoke e-learning, a collation of openly available knowledge resources with commentary and guidance and interactive sections for workforce capacity building. Information related to the first very timely thematic evidence collection of ‘Covid-19 and Nutrition’ is available, with the second and third thematic evidence collections, ‘Cardiometabolic Disease and Nutrition’ and ‘Nutrition and Food Security’ to follow in early 2021. The initiative seeks to platform translatable information and training at a global level, drive the implementation of knowledge into policy and practice and bridge the gap between the agricultural and human nutrition communities to foster collaborative change. The next step for the iKANN initiative is the dissemination of its existence and to continue to populate and curate the evidence and information available. We anticipate the evolution of this important platform will be organic and encourage you to become a member today.
Measuring Social Media Marketing Performance in Hospitals (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Chin-Wei , Ho Foo Nin
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

In today’s digital marketing environment, social media plays an important role in the healthcare industry. It provides a two-way communication channel between health professionals and patients. Even though social media marketing is becoming an important part of a hospital’s integrated marketing communications strategy; however, there has not been any study to measure the performance of social media marketing in hospitals.

OBJECTIVE

This paper uses Network Data Envelopment Analysis in assessing social media marketing performance relative to other marketing communication channels in determining intangible marketing assets (brand mind share) and overall satisfaction and referral.

METHODS

Our research proposes an approach in measuring social media marketing performance relative to other marketing communication channels based on a Network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model that identifies and measures social media marketing efficiencies in an integrated fashion in the healthcare industry – specifically, in the hospital industry.

RESULTS

The results show that social media marketing is a critical part of a hospital’s marketing communications strategy in affecting brand mind share and ultimately customer satisfaction and referral. However, consumers have a moderately low level of trust from online information received.

CONCLUSIONS

This study adds both theoretical and strategic insights to leverage social media marketing in delivery patient value.
Collaborative Healthcare: Exploring its Meaning through Content Analysis in Social Media (Preprint)
Authors: Maghsoudi Tahereh , Hernández-Lara Ana Beatriz , Cascón-Pereira Rosalía
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The healthcare delivery system is a multi-stakeholder and multi-player system aiming to provide services to promote, restore, and improve health indicators in communities. This highlights the importance of collaboration in the healthcare system. Collaborative healthcare is an emerging concept that has mainly been explored in terms of the practices of healthcare professionals. In an era when social media are becoming key to the evolution of meaning-making, there is a lack of knowledge on how collaborative healthcare meanings are being constructed in the social media discourse

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to explore the meanings of collaborative healthcare on social media.

METHODS

We utilize a dual qualitative approach of visual and textual analysis of posts extracted from Instagram to examine the meanings of collaborative healthcare as perceived by both healthcare providers and laypeople. We use the web scraping technique to extract posts from Instagram.

RESULTS

wellness centers and health-related professionals were the main group of users who contributed to constructing the meaning of collaborative healthcare (38% and 36%, respectively). The study reveals that Instagram users highlight four main themes within the concept of collaborative healthcare, namely knowledge sharing, events, self-care, and advertising. Interestingly, we found that advertising has the highest frequency (262 posts); the term “collaborative” is used by wellness centers as a hallmark for advertising their services.

CONCLUSIONS

This study has contributed to unveiling the multiple meanings of collaborative healthcare shared by social media users and accordingly in developing some theoretical reflections and practical implications to improve public health.
Comparison of Daily Routines Between Middle-aged and Older Participants With and Those Without Diabetes in the Electronic Framingham Heart Study: Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Yuankai , Pathiravasan Chathurangi H , Hammond Michael M , Liu Hongshan , Lin Honghuang , Sardana Mayank , Trinquart Ludovic , Borrelli Belinda , Manders Emily S , Kornej Jelena , Spartano Nicole L , Nowak Christopher , Kheterpal Vik , Benjamin Emelia J , McManus David D , Murabito Joanne M , Liu Chunyu
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Daily routines (eg, physical activity and sleep patterns) are important for diabetes self-management. Traditional research methods are not optimal for documenting long-term daily routine patterns in participants with glycemic conditions. Mobile health offers an effective approach for collecting users’ long-term daily activities and analyzing their daily routine patterns in relation to diabetes status.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to understand how routines function in diabetes self-management. We evaluate the associations of daily routine variables derived from a smartwatch with diabetes status in the electronic Framingham Heart Study (eFHS).

METHODS

The eFHS enrolled the Framingham Heart Study participants at health examination 3 between 2016 and 2019. At baseline, diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose level ≥126 mg/dL or as a self-report of taking a glucose-lowering medication; prediabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL. Using smartwatch data, we calculated the average daily step counts and estimated the wake-up times and bedtimes for the eFHS participants on a given day. We compared the average daily step counts and the intraindividual variability of the wake-up times and bedtimes of the participants with diabetes and prediabetes with those of the referents who were neither diabetic nor prediabetic, adjusting for age, sex, and race or ethnicity.

RESULTS

We included 796 participants (494/796, 62.1% women; mean age 52.8, SD 8.7 years) who wore a smartwatch for at least 10 hours/day and remained in the study for at least 30 days after enrollment. On average, participants with diabetes (41/796, 5.2%) took 1611 fewer daily steps (95% CI 863-2360; P<.001) and had 12 more minutes (95% CI 6-18; P<.001) in the variation of their estimated wake-up times, 6 more minutes (95% CI 2-9; P=.005) in the variation of their estimated bedtimes compared with the referents (546/796, 68.6%) without diabetes or prediabetes. Participants with prediabetes (209/796, 26.2%) also walked fewer daily steps (P=.04) and had a larger variation in their estimated wake-up times (P=.04) compared with the referents.

CONCLUSIONS

On average, participants with diabetes at baseline walked significantly fewer daily steps and had larger variations in their wake-up times and bedtimes than the referent group. These findings suggest that modifying the routines of participants with poor glycemic health may be an important approach to the self-management of diabetes. Future studies should be designed to improve the remote monitoring and self-management of diabetes.

CLINICALTRIAL
Process and Outcome Evaluations of Smartphone Apps for Bipolar Disorder: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Tatham Iona , Clarke Ellisiv , Grieve Kelly Ann , Kaushal Pulkit , Smeddinck Jan , Millar Evelyn Barron , Sharma Aditya Narain
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Mental health apps (MHAs) provide opportunities for accessible, immediate, and innovative approaches to better understand and support the treatment of mental health disorders, especially those with a high burden, such as bipolar disorder (BD). Many MHAs have been developed, but few have had their effectiveness evaluated.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic scoping review explores current process and outcome measures of MHAs for BD with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview of current research. This will identify the best practice for evaluating MHAs for BD and inform future studies.

METHODS

A systematic literature search of the health science databases PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, EBSCO, Scopus, and Web of Science was undertaken up to January 2021 (with no start date) to narratively assess how studies had evaluated MHAs for BD.

RESULTS

Of 4051 original search results, 12 articles were included. These 12 studies included 435 participants, and of these, 343 had BD type I or II. Moreover, 11 of the 12 studies provided the ages (mean 37 years) of the participants. One study did not report age data. The male to female ratio of the 343 participants was 137:206. The most widely employed validated outcome measure was the Young Mania Rating Scale, being used 8 times. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17/Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used thrice; the Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and Functional Assessment Staging Test were used twice; and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, EuroQoL 5-Dimension Health Questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7, Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, Major Depression Index, Morisky-Green 8-item, Perceived Stress Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF were used once. Self-report measures were captured in 9 different studies, 6 of which used MONARCA. Mood and energy levels were the most commonly used self-report measures, being used 4 times each. Furthermore, 11 of the 12 studies discussed the various confounding factors and barriers to the use of MHAs for BD.

CONCLUSIONS

Reported low adherence rates, usability challenges, and privacy concerns act as barriers to the use of MHAs for BD. Moreover, as MHA evaluation is itself developing, guidance for clinicians in how to aid patient choices in mobile health needs to develop. These obstacles could be ameliorated by incorporating co-production and co-design using participatory patient approaches during the development and evaluation stages of MHAs for BD. Further, including qualitative aspects in trials that examine patient experience of both mental ill health and the MHA itself could result in a more patient-friendly fit-for-purpose MHA for BD.