bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymersomes with a smectic liquid crystal structure and AIE fluorescence
Authors: Zhang Nian , Fan Yujiao , Chen Hui , Trépout Sylvain , Brûlet Annie , Li Min-Hui
Published: January 2022

Fluorescent smectic polymersomes with aggregation-induced emission are prepared from an amphiphilic block copolymer containing a liquid crystal hydrophobic block and a tetraphenylethene-bearing unit between hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks.
Combining metal–metal cooperativity, metal–ligand cooperativity and chemical non-innocence in diiron carbonyl complexes
Authors: van Beek Cody B. , van Leest Nicolaas P. , Lutz Martin , de Vos Sander D. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. , de Bruin Bas , Broere Daniël L. J.
Published: January 2022

The PNNP expanded pincer ligand can bind two iron centers in close proximity and display heterolytic and homolytic metal–ligand cooperativity.
Synergistic effect of doped nitrogen and oxygen-containing functional groups on electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Bao Zhikang , Zhao Jinyan , Zhang Shijie , Ding Lei , Peng Xiaoge , Wang Guoliang , Zhao Zijiang , Zhong Xing , Yao Zihao , Wang Jianguo
Published: January 2022

A modified carbon material with N doping and oxygen-containing functional groups was prepared by a simple method, and the synergistic effect of the two greatly improved the performance of electrocatalytic production of H2O2.
Discourse Performance in Adults With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Orthopedic Injuries, and Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury, and Healthy Controls
Authors: Norman Rocío S. , Mueller Kimberly D. , Huerta Paola , Shah Manish N. , Turkstra Lyn S. , Power Emma
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Adults with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are at risk for communication disorders, yet studies exploring cognitive-communication performance are currently lacking.

Aims:

This aim of this study was to characterize discourse-level performance by adults with mTBI on a standardized elicitation task and compare it to (a) healthy adults, (b) adults with orthopedic injuries (OIs), and (c) adults with moderate to severe TBI.

Method:

This study used a cross-sectional design. The participants included mTBI and OI groups recruited prospectively from an emergency medicine department. Moderate to severe TBI and healthy data were acquired from TalkBank. One-way analyses of variance were used to compare mean linguistic scores.

Results:

Seventy participants across all groups were recruited. Groups did not differ on demographic variables. The study found significant differences in both content and productivity measures among the groups. Variables did not appear sensitive to differentiate between mTBI and OI groups.

Discussion:

Cognitive and language performance of adults with mTBI is a pressing clinical issue. Studies exploring language with carefully selected control groups can influence the development of sensitive measures to identify individuals with cognitive-communication deficits.
A comprehensive review on deep learning approaches in wind forecasting applications
Authors: Wu Zhou , Luo Gan , Yang Zhile , Guo Yuanjun , Li Kang , Xue Yusheng
Published: January 2022

The effective use of wind energy is an essential part of the sustainable development of human society, in particular, at the recent unprecedented pressure in shaping a low carbon energy environment. Accurate wind resource and power forecasting play a key role in improving the wind penetration. However, it has not been well adopted in the real‐world applications due to the strong stochastic characteristics of wind energy. In recent years, the application boost of deep learning methods provides new effective tools in wind forecasting. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the forecasting models based on deep learning in the field of wind energy. Featured approaches include time‐series‐based recurrent neural networks, restricted Boltzmann machines, convolutional neural networks as well as auto‐encoder‐based approaches. In addition, future development directions of deep‐learning‐based wind energy forecasting have also been discussed.
Control of grid side converters under constraints in unbalanced operating conditions. A Lyapunov framework
Authors: Fernández Roberto Daniel , Peña Ricardo Ramiro , Mantz Ricardo J. , Battaiotto Pedro E.
Published: January 2022

This work presents a Lyapunov‐based control of a grid side converter of distributed energy systems. The analysis focuses on the constraints imposed by unbalanced operation and thermal limits. On one side, the proposal, which considers symmetrical components, allows controlling the converter in such a way that it is able to deliver constant real power to the grid in the presence of highly unbalanced voltages. On the other side, to solve the operation under thermal constraints, the references in control loops are adapted. Both issues, unbalanced operation but also thermal constraints, are considered in a sole Lyapunov function, formed by the union of a set of Lyapunov ones. This ensures the stability of the whole system by using simple PI controllers. Finally, different scenarios, strong disturbances and reaching current limits are explored in simulation results.
Temporal inception convolutional network based on multi‐head attention for ultra‐short‐term load forecasting
Authors: Tong Cheng , Zhang Linghua , Li Hao , Ding Yin
Published: January 2022

Accurate load forecasting is essential for ensuring safe, stable, and economical operation of energy internet. Temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) have demonstrated superior performance, when compared to recurrent neural network models, since their introduction in electrical load forecasting. However, the current TCN‐based models are unable to obtain a large receptive field and strong long‐time feature extraction capability owing to the specific kernel size of the 1D convolution structure. This paper proposes a temporal inception convolutional network based on multi‐head attention (TICN‐Att) for ultra‐short‐term load prediction. By introducing an inception structure into the TCN, the proposed model can extract multi‐dimensional information from the input features, through the multiple hidden convolutional kernels of different scales, without stacking layers depth‐wise. Simultaneously, by introducing a multi‐head attention mechanism, the TICN‐Att model has a long time‐dependent extraction capability, similar to that of the long short‐term memory network models. The generalization and validity of the model are tested using the global energy forecasting competition (GEFCOM2014) dataset, electrical load data of a city in Jiangsu (China), and PJM power system dataset. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model has the best prediction effect, compared to the other state‐of‐the‐art models.
AMBAND Bone-Conduction Headband
Authors: Margolis Robert H. , Margolis Janet C.
Published: January 2022

Abstract Purpose As bone-conduction thresholds vary with the coupling force between the vibrator and the head, it is important that the coupling force be within the range specified by audiometer standards. The development and validation of AMBAND, an elastic
headband for coupling an audiometric bone vibrator to the head, in either the mastoid or forehead position, is described. Methods The headband was constructed from woven, fold-over elastic with Velcro attachment points to produce the proper force on the head for various head
sizes. Force measurements were made with a digital force gauge on five artificial heads, representing adult females, adult males, children (age 6 years), infants (age 6 months), and newborns with the bone vibrator in the mastoid and forehead positions. Additional measurements were made with
the Radioear P-3333 spring band that is in common use. Results Force measurements were highly repeatable within a given headband and across headbands. Force measurements for AMBAND were within the range specified by the ANSI S3.6-2018. The Radioear P-3333 spring band produced
force levels that exceeded the specified range and had higher variability compared with AMBAND. Conclusion AMBAND can be used to couple audiometric bone vibrators to the head in the forehead and mastoid positions during bone-conduction testing to provide accurate threshold
measurements.
HAP and VAP after Guidelines
Authors: Wicky Paul-Henri , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Timsit Jean-François
Published: January 2022

Nosocomial pneumonia is associated with worsened prognosis when diagnosed in intensive care unit (ICU), ranging from 12 to 48% mortality. The incidence rate of ventilation-acquired pneumonia tends to decrease below 15/1,000 intubation-day. Still, international guidelines are heterogeneous about diagnostic criteria because of inaccuracy of available methods. New entities have thus emerged concerning lower respiratory tract infection, namely ventilation-acquired tracheobronchitis (VAT), or ICU-acquired pneumonia (ICUAP), eventually requiring invasive ventilation (v-ICUAP), according to the type of ventilation support. The potential discrepancy with non-invasive methods could finally lead to underdiagnosis in almost two-thirds of non-intubated patients. Delayed diagnostic could explain in part the 2-fold increase in mortality of penumonia when invasive ventilation is initiated. Here we discuss the rationale underlying this new classification.

Many situations can lead to misdiagnosis, even more when the invasive mechanical ventilation is initiated. The chest radiography lacks sntivity and specificity for diagnosing pneumonia. The place of chest computed tomography and lung ultrasonography for routine diagnostic of new plumonary infiltrate remain to be evaluated.

Microbiological methods used to confirm the diagnostic can be heterogeneous. The development of molecular diagnostic tools may improve the adequacy of antimicrobial therapies of ventilated patients with pneumonia, but we need to further assess its impact in non-ventilated pneumonia.

In this review we introduce distinction between hospital-acquired pneumonia according to the localization in the hospital and the oxygenation/ventilation mode. A clarification of definition is the first step to develop more accurate diagnostic strategies and to improve the patients' prognosis.
Trajectory and Risk Factors of Persistent Decline in Health-Related Quality of Life after Septic Shock in Children with Preexisting Neurologic Disability
Authors: Prout Andrew , Banks Russell K. , Reeder Ron W. , Zimmerman Jerry J. , Meert Kathleen L.
Published: January 2022

Preexisting neurologic disability is common among children with septic shock. Life After Pediatric Sepsis Evaluation (LAPSE) was a multicenter cohort study that evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children with community-acquired septic shock. In this secondary analysis of LAPSE, we described the burden, trajectory, and risk factors for reduced HRQL in children with preexisting neurologic disability. Children (1 month–18 years) with community-acquired septic shock were evaluated for HRQL at baseline (reflecting prehospitalization status), day 7 and 28, and month 3, 6, and 12 following admission using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory or the Stein–Jessop Functional Status Scale. HRQL was expressed as a percentage of baseline scores. Of 365 evaluable children, 133 (36%) had preexisting neurologic disability. Neurologically disabled children had less decline in HRQL at day 7 (median −15% [interquartile range IQR: −38, 8] vs. −22% [−51, −3], p = 0.005) and day 28 (4% [−16, 22] vs. −11% [−37, 7], p < 0.001) than those without neurologic disability, and there was no difference in the extent of decline at month 3 (p = 0.241). Using multivariable modeling, higher baseline HRQL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.08], p = 0.027) and acute renal dysfunction (OR = 1.08 [1.02, 1.16], p = 0.007) were associated with HRQL less than 90% of baseline at month 3 in neurologically disabled children who survived. Children with preexisting neurologic disability recover to baseline HRQL after septic shock sooner than those without neurologic disability. Higher baseline HRQL and acute renal dysfunction are risk factors for reduced HRQL in neurologically disabled children who survive sepsis.
Reliability of “MB-Ruler Software” to Measure Craniovertebral Angle Using the Photographic Method
Authors: Kadu Dipti Vilas , Shetye Jaimala Vijay
Published: January 2022

Background The craniovertebral angle (CV angle) measurement is a convenient and easy clinical method for the cervical posture assessment. “Markus Bader (MB) ruler software” assists to measure angles and distances on the computer screen. The MB-ruler protractor is almost transparent; hence, it can be easily used on the computer screen. Many studies in physiotherapy have used this software for postural assessment with the photographic method, but the reliability of this software is not available to our knowledge in the Indian population.

Aim The aim of this study was to find inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities of “MB-Ruler software”, by using the photographic method to measure the CV angle for the cervical postural assessment.

Study Design This is an observational study in healthy young population.

Subjects and Method Total 30 young student volunteers with no clinical symptoms were enrolled for this study. A single standard lateral view image in a sitting position was used for CV angle measurement with “MB ruler software.” Three readings of the CV angle were taken by three different observers (A, B, and C) separately at intervals of time. The CV angle measured by three observers was compared.

Results Cronbach's ɑ coefficient value for intra-rater (ICC 0.999) (intra-class correlation coefficient) as well as inter-rater (ICC 0.892) reliability for measuring CV angle was very high.

Conclusion MB ruler demonstrates high intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities and can be used for the photographic evaluation of posture by assessing the CV angle.
Strengthening Behavioral Patterns Impacting COVID-19 Vaccination and Oral Health Amidst the Looming Third Wave Scenario—Need of the Hour!
Authors: Kumari Deesha , Mailankote Shilpa
Published: January 2022

Aim The current review aims to ascertain the scope and depth of the behavioral patterns impacting COVID-19 vaccination and oral health as well as recognize the rates of acceptance and hesitancy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.

Background The COVID-19 vaccination drive is a decisive factor in the control and termination of the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerns about vaccine hesitancy are growing worldwide and it has been thus declared as one among the top 10 threats in 2019 by the World Health Organization; thus, addressing the obstacles and expediters of vaccines will be fundamental in initiating and effectively implementing the interventions to accomplish extreme vaccine coverage.

Review Results The vaccine utility is not merely reliant on the efficacy and the safety of the vaccine. The major factor is the vaccine acceptance among the general public of all the sectors of the society. Trust in public authorities, adverse effects, phobias, community influences affect the vaccine acceptance rate tremendously. With an evolving third peak of the COVID pandemic, the affinity toward availing COVID vaccine has increased but the hesitancy rate among individuals still persists.

Conclusion The large variations in vaccine acceptance and hesitancy rates can impact the efforts put forth in eliminating the disease. Thus public health policies can enable development of effective approaches to overcome the hesitancy related to COVID-19 vaccine thereby increasing its uptake and facilitating smooth functioning of the vaccination drives which could help conduit the existing gaps.

Clinical Significance Involvement of dental health professionals in vaccination campaigns is vital for the enforcement of common risk factor approach wherein focus can be shed on both general and oral health wellness.
Altered secretion of vascular signals changes extracellular matrix surrounding tumor cells
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: January 2022

Stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy provides first-ever view of how vascular endothelial growth factor affects the layout of heparan sulfate and finds the molecule favors metastasis, shields from anti-cancer drugs
Green plant genomes: What we know in an era of rapidly expanding opportunities
Authors: Kress W. John , Soltis Douglas E. , Kersey Paul J. , Wegrzyn Jill L. , Leebens-Mack James H. , Gostel Morgan R. , Liu Xin , Soltis Pamela S.
Published: January 2022

Green plants play a fundamental role in ecosystems, human health, and agriculture. As de novo genomes are being generated for all known eukaryotic species as advocated by the Earth BioGenome Project, increasing genomic information on green land plants is essential. However, setting standards for the generation and storage of the complex set of genomes that characterize the green lineage of life is a major challenge for plant scientists. Such standards will need to accommodate the immense variation in green plant genome size, transposable element content, and structural complexity while enabling research into the molecular and evolutionary processes that have resulted in this enormous genomic variation. Here we provide an overview and assessment of the current state of knowledge of green plant genomes. To date fewer than 300 complete chromosome-scale genome assemblies representing fewer than 900 species have been generated across the estimated 450,000 to 500,000 species in the green plant clade. These genomes range in size from 12 Mb to 27.6 Gb and are biased toward agricultural crops with large branches of the green tree of life untouched by genomic-scale sequencing. Locating suitable tissue samples of most species of plants, especially those taxa from extreme environments, remains one of the biggest hurdles to increasing our genomic inventory. Furthermore, the annotation of plant genomes is at present undergoing intensive improvement. It is our hope that this fresh overview will help in the development of genomic quality standards for a cohesive and meaningful synthesis of green plant genomes as we scale up for the future.
Double-layer structure of the Pt(111)–aqueous electrolyte interface
Authors: Ojha Kasinath , Doblhoff-Dier Katharina , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: January 2022

Significance

The Pt(111)–electrolyte interface is one of the most important model interfaces in physical electrochemistry. Here, we present detailed capacitance measurements of Pt(111) in contact with nonspecifically adsorbed electrolytes in combination with modeling to show that this interface does not follow classic Gouy–Chapman–Stern behavior. Our combined experimental-theoretical work suggests a picture of the double layer of Pt(111) with an increased ion concentration close to the interface as a consequence of a weak attractive ion–surface interaction and a changing polarizability of the Pt(111)–water interface due to the potential-dependent water adsorption and orientation.
A theory of entropic bonding
Authors: Vo Thi , Glotzer Sharon C.
Published: January 2022

Significance

Computer simulations of hard, polyhedrally shaped particles predict a great diversity of complex colloidal crystal structures via self-assembly. The structural similarities between colloidal crystals and atomic crystals suggest that they should be describable within analogous, although different, conceptual frameworks. Like the chemical bonds that hold atoms together in crystals, the statistical, emergent forces that hold together hard colloidal particles should be describable using the language of bonding. Whereas atomic crystals can be predicted a priori by solving Schrödinger’s equation, we present a theory of entropic bonding that permits prediction of colloidal crystals by solving a different eigenvalue equation, facilitated by the use of mathematically constructed shape orbitals analogous to atomic orbitals.
Multiscale X-ray study of
Bacillus subtilis
biofilms reveals interlinked structural hierarchy and elemental heterogeneity
Authors: Azulay David N. , Spaeker Oliver , Ghrayeb Mnar , Wilsch-Bräuninger Michaela , Scoppola Ernesto , Burghammer Manfred , Zizak Ivo , Bertinetti Luca , Politi Yael , Chai Liraz
Published: January 2022

Significance

Biofilms are multicellular, soft microbial communities that are able to colonize synthetic surfaces as well as living organisms. To survive sudden environmental changes and efficiently share their common resources, cells in a biofilm divide into subgroups with distinct functions, leading to phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, by studying intact biofilms by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and fluorescence, we revealed correlations between biofilm macroscopic, architectural heterogeneity and the spatiotemporal distribution of extracellular matrix, spores, water, and metal ions. Our findings demonstrate that biofilm heterogeneity is not only affected by local genetic expression and cellular differentiation but also by passive effects resulting from the physicochemical properties of the molecules secreted by the cells, leading to differential distribution of nutrients that propagate through macroscopic length scales.
The (non-)reconciliatory effect of reparations for victims of political violence: a cross-sectional study of the Colombian transitional context (El efecto (no)reconciliatorio de la reparación alas víctimas de violencia política: un estudio transversal en el contexto transicional colombiano)
Authors: Rincón-Unigarro Camilo , López-López Wilson , Gutiérrez-Romero Mario-Fernando , Castañeda Juan-Gabriel , Unda-Segura Alejandra , Orjuela-García Alejandra
Published: January 2022

According to the needs-based reconciliation model, transitional mechanisms can lead to reconciliation when they meet the victims’ need for agency/status. This study evaluated the reconciliatory impact of the transitional policy of reparations for victims of the armed conflict implemented in Colombia. A sample of 135 victims of political violence participated in a transversal study which evaluated the effect of the reparations on the reconciliation sentiment, using the scales of mere coexistence and rebuilding trust. Counter to the intention of the policy, the victims given reparations showed lower levels of reconciliation than those who had not received reparations, regardless of their exposure to violence, understanding of justice and social attitudes. The results suggest that the limitations in the process of implementing the reparations may be thwarting the victims’ need for agency/status and thus hindering the reconciliation process.
Expectations of others’ environmental behaviour and its effect on personal pro-environmental behaviour (Expectativas del comportamiento ambiental de otros y su efecto en la conducta proambiental personal)
Authors: Vanegas-Rico María-Cristina , Corral-Verdugo Víctor , Bustos-Aguayo José-Marcos , Ortega-Andeane Patricia
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess expectation surrounding other people’s pro- and anti-environmental behaviour to see whether it bears any relation to a person’s own pro-environmental behaviours. Two studies were conducted using an Expectation of Others’ Environmental Behaviour scale. The samples comprised Mexican respondents living in Mexico City and its conurbation with average ages of 35.19 and 35.05. Both studies showed that participants believe others are unlikely to act in a pro-environmental way but are instead likely to engage in anti-environmental behaviour. Both expectations (pro- and anti-environmental behaviour) had a positive effect on the participants’ own pro-environmental behaviour. The results are discussed from the perspective of social dilemmas, as well as the possibility of a uniqueness bias.
Ultra-high Q-factor toroidal dipole resonance and magnetic dipole quasi-bound state in the continuum in an all-dielectric hollow metasurface
Authors: Song Shaozhe , Yu Shilin , Li Hao , Zhao Tonggang
Published: January 2022

Fano resonance with high Q-factor plays a pivotal role in the field of optoelectronic applications, especially refractive index sensing. However, ultra-high Q-factor for metallic metasurfaces has been a challenge due to their great ohmic losses. Herein, we propose and numerically analyze an all-dielectric hollow metasurface in the near infrared region which consists of silicon cylinders with two asymmetric rectangular hollows. A sharp Fano resonance with modulation depth close to 100% excited by quasi-bound state in continuum, whose Q-factor can reach 8428 when

δ

= 40 nm. With the Cartesian multipole decomposition technique, the two excited Fano resonances can be characterized by toroidal dipole response and magnetic dipole (MD) response, respectively. It is worth noting that the Q-factor of MD mode can reach 17106. Moreover, the dependence of the transmission spectra on different geometric parameters is investigated as well. Due to their narrow linewidths and strong near-field confinement, the proposed structure can be applied to a refractive index sensor, yielding a maximum sensitivity (S) of 160 nm RIU−1 and a maximum figure of merit of 575 RIU−1. It is believed that the proposed structure can offer an excellent prospect for biomedical, agriculture, and chemical sensing applications.
Two-dimensional multi-isotope separation in a gas centrifuge using finite element analysis
Authors: Paudel W , Wood H
Published: January 2022

A finite element model of a gas centrifuge is developed to compute the optimal two-dimensional multi-isotope separation. The mass flow field generated using Onsager’s equation without the pancake approximation is used as an input to the diffusion equation for each uranium isotope in the initial form of partial differential equations (PDE). The PDEs are reduced to their weak forms and the resulting integrals evaluated using gauss quadrature. The systems of equations are solved using an optimization routine to satisfy the overall mass and concentration balance inside the machine. The solutions obtained can provide a holistic view of isotopic diffusion inside the centrifuge and the ability to quantify the molecular fraction of various uranium isotopes at a given radial and axial location at any desired initial and operating conditions. While several authors in the past have solved the multi-isotope diffusion problems using 1-D approximations, there are no known 2-D finite element models in literature. The findings of this work, therefore, is not only be significant for the applications of nuclear non-proliferation but also a great analytic tool for nuclear scientific community.
Optimization Criterion for Two-Stage Countercurrent Cascade for Molybdenum Isotopes Separation by the method of laser-assisted retardation of condensation(SILARC)
Authors: Lyakhov K.A.
Published: January 2022

The application of the method of laser-assisted retardation of condensation has been considered for molybdenum isotope separation. Enrichment factor as a function of pressure and temperature of gas flow cold-core have been evaluated. Since the maximal value of the enrichment factor is not high(~ 1.8), to achieve desired enrichment level in products an iterative procedure is applied. To reduce the amount of wastes and increase the performance of the SILARC method, two-stage countercurrent cascade is considered. Relations between the molar and isotopic fractions of target isotopologues on the first and second stages of the cascade at each iteration are found. The Optimization problem is formulated to evaluate optimal physical parameters of this cascade.
Development of the laser isotope separation method to study for the neutrino-less double beta decay of 48Ca
Authors: Ogawa I , Kawashima Y , Hiraiwa T , Tozawa M , Niki H , Tokita S , Han B , Okuda H , Miyanaga N , Umehara S , Matsuoka K , Yoshida S
Published: January 2022

Search for the ultra-rare process, neutrino-less double beta decay, is a powerful tool to test the Majorana nature of neutrinos. Among the potential double beta decay nuclei, 48Ca has the largest Q-value, hence we can expect the measurement with least background. On the other hand, due to its low natural abundance, isotope enrichment is essential to achieve the sensitivity in the region of interest (inverted/normal mass hierarchy of neutrinos).

We have been developing a laser isotope separation method using a tunable semiconductor laser that can excite only a specific isotope (48Ca). The laser is irradiated perpendicular to the collimated calcium vapor beam. Only 48Ca atoms are separated by deflecting them from the original atomic beam by momentum transfer due to multiple absorption and emission of laser photons. The isotope separation is confirmed by irradiating an ionization laser and time-of-flight measurement.

Following the success of the proof-of-principle experiment, we are now developing the mass production system which include efficient generation of atomic beams, frequency-stabilized high-power laser, efficient laser irradiation method, and collection method of deflected isotope beams. In this paper, we report on the status and prospects of these developments.
Isotope separation by DC18C6 crown-ether for neutrinoless double beta decay of 48Ca
Authors: Rittirong A , Yoshimoto T , Hazama R , Kishimoto T , Fujii T , Sakuma Y , Fukutani S , Shibahara Y , Sunaga A
Published: January 2022

The isotope separation via liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using crown-ether (DC18C6) was carried out in order to demonstrate the feasibility of calcium isotope enrichment, which aimed to find a cost-effective way to enrich calcium-48 (48Ca) for the study of neutrinoless double beta decay (0vββ) in the CANDLES project. The LLE results revealed that the extraction was solvent dependent in the presence of HCl and the distribution coefficient (D) increased approximately threefold (0.0546±0.0012) with 12 M HCl solvent under a 3.9 M CaCl2 (aq) (30% w/w) system. Furthermore, the HCl solvent maintained the calcium content attached to the crown-ether at lower feed concentrations. The reaction cell ICP-MS (Agilent 7900) with an additional H2 gas was used to analyze the isotopic composition. The single-stage separation factor of organic phase was found to be 0.992±0.003, 0.994±0.003, 0.996±0.004 for 48Ca/42Ca, 48Ca/43Ca, and 48Ca/44Ca, respectively in the extracted organic phase of 3.3 M CaCl2 (aq) (30% w/w) system. The obtained results were comparable with the HCl solvent system. As a result, without the addition of an acidity reagent, the production of the enriched 48Ca isotope via LLE was highly feasible. To improve the mass production of enriched 48Ca, filter separation was applied in order to shorten the time required and to study various volumes of the extraction system. The results indicated that the extraction efficiency of filter LLE was comparable to conventional LLE. Filter LLE resulted in more than threefold reduction in time required (approximately 10 minutes for a complete single-stage separation) in comparison with a conventional LLE, consequently implying great potential in the enrichment and mass production via filter LLE.
Separation of mixtures substances with similar properties in horizontal rotary mass transfer columns
Authors: Khoroshilov A V , Sizov A P
Published: January 2022

Information on the use of rotary columns in the processes of fine separation, that is, the separation of substances with similar properties, including isotopes, is systematized. The design features and test results of a new generation of horizontal rotor columns with a rotating mass transfer part are considered in most detail. The results of the use of such columns are presented, both in the rectification of a standard mixture of substances with similar properties, and in the separation of isotopes by the chemical exchange method. A comparison of the results obtained with similar data for classical vertical columns is given, and possible options for the spatial arrangement of horizontal rotor devices are presented.
Application of LTE-U Technology in Train-Ground Communication of Urban Rail Transit
Authors: Song CZ , Liu XJ , Liu WZ
Published: January 2022

With the development of intelligentizing of Urban Rail Transit (URT), the data that need to be transmitted between train and OCC (Operational Contral Center) has increased significantly, and the licensed spectrum range is gradually unable to satisfy the data transfer task of URT communication systems(URT-cs). Therefore, this article considers to use LTE-U (Long-Term-Evolution in unlicensed spectrum) technology to deploy this communication system in unlicensed spectrum. In view of the interference caused by the introduction to WLAN system which have already been deployed in unlicensed spectrum, a dynamic spectrum range duty cycle adjustment scheme based on Q-learning algorithm is proposed to achieve coexistence of the two system. The scheme takes spectrum range as state, modelling the spectrum range allocation as a Markov Decision Process, obtains the spectrum range allocation strategy through Q-learning algorithm. Simulation results show that, compared with fixed spectrum allocation, the proposed scheme has a higher throughput and user satisfaction. Realizing the transmission task of URT-cs while meeting the user satisfaction of the WLAN system, and the problem of spectrum resources insufficiency of URT-cs is well solved.
Damage and dynamic response of precast bridge box girder und er blast loading
Authors: Hu ML , Ren F , Zhang YY
Published: January 2022

This study numerically investigates the damage and dynamic response of precast bridge box girder subjected to blast loads. Numerical models are developed using LS-DYNA and validated against experimental tests. Then the calibrated modeling method is used to perform depth research on the effects of scaled distance, height-span ratio and concrete strength on the behavior of precast box girder subjected to blast loads. The results indicate, reduction of the scaled distance will transform the failure mode of precast box girder and increase the damage level. Conversely, increasing the height-span ratio will reduce the damage range in the transverse direction, but local damage will expand. Last but not least, enhancing the concrete strength can improve the anti-blast performance of girder. But when the concrete strength exceeds 32.4 MPa, the contribution to anti-blast performance is not obvious.
Mathematical modelling and analysis of profile meter
Authors: Wang Dh
Published: January 2022

The profiler measures the workpiece to reflect the contour curve shape of the surface of the workpiece. When measuring the same workpiece, the drawn contour curve will shift due to the different placement angle and horizontal position. In order to improve the measurement accuracy of the profiler, the paper proposes a new modelling and calculation method for the profiler. This method uses mathematical methods such as vectors and geometric relations to calculate parameters; then completes level correction by changing the coordinate system; finally, uses geometric methods and analogy inference methods to obtain the deviation between the calculated values of each parameter. The research results show that this method can realize the measurement of the profiler more accurately.
Numerical simulation of mechanical properties of short basalt fiber bundles reinforced concrete (SBFBRC)
Authors: Zhang P , Lv XL , Liu Y , Shao JG , Jin YG , Li CC , Huang YJ
Published: January 2022

The performance of short basalt fiber bundles reinforced concrete (SBFBRC) is studied in depth through numerical simulation. Based on the data of the flexural test of basalt fiber-reinforced concrete with 0% and 0.2% content, the basalt fiber-reinforced concrete is established by ABAQUS. The validity of the model is verified by the existing test data. The influence of basalt fiber bundle content, length, and diameter on the compressive strength of concrete is studied. The results show that the load-displacement curve obtained by the simulation in this paper is approximately the same as the curve obtained by the experiment, and the simulated peak load and peak deflection are similar to the average value of the test group, which reflects the accuracy of the model. Parameter analysis shows that with the increase of fiber bundle content, the strength and toughness of concrete gradually increase; the increase of basalt fiber bundle length has no obvious effect on improving the compressive strength of concrete; when the fiber bundle content is constant, it is increased appropriately. The aspect ratio of the fiber bundle is beneficial to the improvement of compressive strength and toughness.
Vibration and noise suppression method of transformer
Authors: Yu XC , Zou DP , Fan MZ , Dong X , Du F
Published: January 2022

Aiming at the problem of noise and vibration of distribution transformer body and base connector under heavy load, the corresponding relationship between vibration and noise, load and power factor of distribution transformer is studied in this paper. In order to improve the operation reliability of distribution transformer, a noise and vibration suppression method based on load scenario optimization is proposed. From the aspects of design reliability, data detection and noise level correction, the typical relationship between the increase of noise level and DC current, noise spectrum and DC bias noise is obtained, and the DC bias limiting measures and correction suggestions are given.
Detection and optimization of viscous oil viscosity and vissity reducer in alx gas well
Authors: Wang FP , Zhang GF , Wang Y , Hao CX
Published: January 2022

The optimum viscosity of heavy oil is the key index to maintain the normal production of gas wells. This paper designs a new detection and optimization method of visit oil visibility and visibility reducer in alx gas well. Firstly, through the flow pattern criterion and flow pattern distribution diagram of gas-liquid two-phase flow in horizontal pipe, the propagation velocity of wave in the downstream is determined by extreme value method, and the maximum viscosity equation of heavy oil carried by air in annular fog state is established. Then, according to the maximum viscosity equation, the maximum viscosity of the heavy oil carried by the gas flow is 513.7 MPa. Finally, taking alx gas well as an example, 11 kinds of viscosity reducer were selected from water-based viscosity reducer and oil-based viscosity reducer. Under the conditions of wellhead temperature of 9 ° C and bottom hole temperature of 34 ° C, five samples with different concentrations were mixed with heavy oil, the rheological properties of the sample set were tested, and the rheological parameters and apparent viscosity of heavy oil were calculated. The experimental results show that low dosage of oil-based tackifier can effectively reduce the viscosity of heavy oil, and the optimal dosage range is 22% to 25%.
Experimental Study on Shear Performance of Interface between Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Engineered Cementations Composite (PVA-ECC) and Concrete
Authors: Liu HB , Liu XP , Li Y , Wang XT , Zhang SL , Jiang ZQ
Published: January 2022

In order to optimize the shear resistance of polyvinyl alcohol fiber cement-based composites (pva-ecc). In this paper, four specimens with different roughness interfaces between pva-ecc and old concrete are tested and studied. Based on the uniaxial compression test, the shear strength of four interface specimens and their interface failure types are obtained. According to the test data, the ratios of the shear strength of the four specimens to the strength of the whole specimen are 18.95%, 27.27%, 45.48% and 92.2% respectively.
Study on CO2 Adsorption and Permeance of Porous Carbon and Nitrogen Membranes Co-regulated by Charge and Strain
Authors: Li Xue , He Wenhao , Hou Xiaonan , Zhao Li , Zhao Ge , Lu Guiwu , Chen Junqing
Published: January 2022

In order to capture and separate CO2 effectively, a novel method of controlling gas permeance by charge and strain is proposed, which has the superiority of controlled dynamic. The effects of porous C9N7 nanosheets on CO2 capture and permeability under different charge quantities and strains were analysed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and first-principles density function (DFT) calculations. The molecular permeability of CO2 can be as high as 5.9 × 107 GPU (CO2/CH4 separation) through 5 e- charge regulation. In addition, CO2 permeability increased with the increase of tensile strain, and the maximum permeability of 9% stretched C9N7 membrane is 3.6 × 107 GPU. On this basis, the method of combining negative charge and tensile strain was adopted to study the synergic effect. Under the condition of negative charge of 1 e- and tensile strain of 3%, CO2 permeability (CO2/CH4 separation) reached 3.2 × 107 GPU, which was 8 times of CO2 permeability when only 3% strain was added and 9 times of CO2 permeability when only 1 e- was added. Additionally, under the circumstance of negative charge of 5 e-, the CO2 obtained extra electrons -0.0666 e compared with natural C9N7 membrane. These results provide theoretical guidance for the development of highly controllable materials with CO2 capture and separation.
Analysis of Type IV Creep Failure for P91 Steel Welded Joint Based on Thermal Displacement of Steam Pipeline
Authors: Dai Zhen , Liu Changfu , Tao Kangning , Zhang Yiwen , Fang Lulu
Published: January 2022

Type IV creep failures tend to occur on fine grained heat affected zone (FGHAZ) of P91 steel welded joint after long-term service at high temperature. In this paper, simulation of finite element is applied to analyze the stress response of the component. Experimental result of stress obtained from real-time monitoring is conducted to verify the simulation. The research results show that the concentration of maximum principal stress is caused by thermal displacement of the piping system. The microstructure of the welded joint is studied by SEM and EDS and the area in which maximum principal stress concentrates is in good agreement with distribution of creep cavity, that is the characteristic of Type IV creep failure in earlier stage. The value of maximum principal stress is improved and the distribution is changed, which are sensitive to thermal displacement cooperation. So thermal displacement that results in accumulation of creep cavity and Type IV cracking is regarded as remarkable factor.
Study on Preparation of Fuel Oil from Three Kinds of Molecular Sieve Catalytic Cracking Waste Lubricating Oil
Authors: Gong Jing
Published: January 2022

Three different molecular sieves hy, Rey and self-made Ti-MCM-41 were used as catalysts to produce fuel oil from catalytic cracking waste lubricating oil, the effects of reaction temperature and catalyst dosage on the yield of liquid product were investigated, and the distribution of carbon atoms and the distribution of alkanes, olefins, cycloalkanes and aromatics in liquid products obtained by cracking reaction with different catalysts were analyzed. The results show that, under the condition of adding 0.35g catalyst to 100g waste lubricating oil at 400°C, the catalytic effect of Ti-MCM-41 is the best. The yield of liquid product is 69.6%, which is more suitable for cracking waste lubricating oil than hy and Rey. Different catalysts have different selectivity for the liquid products of cracking reaction, the carbon number in the liquid products obtained from Ti-MCM-41 catalytic cracking is the most widely distributed in the range of light components, in which the contents of alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics are relatively high, which is consistent with the main chemical components of gasoline, and does not contain olefins, compared with the liquid products obtained from hy and Rey catalytic cracking, it is more suitable to be used as the blending component of commercial gasoline.
Design of Environment Monitoring System on Shipbuilding Outdoor
Authors: Liu Caiyun , Zhu Dapeng , Shi Shouchuang , Teng Li , Ding Yong , He Jiajian
Published: January 2022

Shipbuilding painting is the key part of hull construction outfitting and painting integration. General section painting, dock painting and terminal painting, are collectively referred to as shipbuilding outdoor painting, which is one of the major sources of pollution for ship building and repair because of its fugitive emission and volatile. In this paper, the environmental monitoring tasks of outfield painting are summarized based on the analysis of the current situation of industry monitoring. The key technologies such as communication and wiring, identification and conversion of heterogeneous data are broken through, and the environmental monitoring system for shipbuilding outdoor painting is built. The emission monitoring threshold was determined by combing relevant national/industry standards. The system implementation scheme is designed to provide a feasible scheme for green shipbuilding and repair, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the shipbuilding industry.
An Insight into the Effect of Rice Straw Biochar on Compressive Strength and Thermal Conductivity of Cement
Authors: Zhang Dongyun , Han Tong , Wang Jie , Sun Chengwan , Jiang Xiao-yu , Ni Zhenyu , Guo Jianhua
Published: January 2022

It is well known that is very important to improve the quality of cement material concerning its compressive strength and thermal conductivity, which may reduce its quantity of usage and improve the heat maintenance of a structure compared with the traditional cement. In order to improve the properties of cement and other building materials, the test pieces were prepared by incorporating rice straw biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures into cement paste, and the compressive strength and thermal conductivity were tested after curing under both wet and dry conditions. The results showed that with the increase of biochar incorporation, the strength and thermal conductivity of the test blocks were decreased, but the thermal insulation performance of them was increased, and the quality and density of the test block were reduced. Under the condition of wet curing, the strength of the test pieces enhanced greatly with the dosage of 1% and 5%. When the dosage was 1%, the strength of the wet curing test block was the highest, which was increased by 51.06% compared with the blank control. The block strength increased by 14.98%; the thermal conductivity of the test piece incorporating biochar was reduced, and the test piece with 10% of the dry curing showed better thermal insulation performance, and the thermal conductivity was reduced by 39.21%. It can be seen that the addition of biochar improves the strength of the test block and optimizes the thermal insulation performance of the cement.
Research on Dynamic Constitutive Model and Fracture Characteristics of Two High Strength Steels
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Li Fugang , Liang Minzu , Zhang Kefan , Tian Zhandong
Published: January 2022

58SiMn and 50SiMnVB are commonly used shell materials in bombs, and their dynamic constitutive model and fracture properties directly determine the mass distribution of the bomb. Tensile tests were carried out on two high-strength steels, and the parameters of the yield point, tensile strength and plastic failure strain as well as the John-Cook model were determined. The fracture morphologies of the two steels in the quasi-static tension and in the dynamic tension were analyzed. The research results show that the yield strength of 58SiMn steel remains unchanged with increasing strain rate. The yield strength and tensile strength of 50SiMnVB increase as the rate of elongation increases, and the ability to plastically deform decreases, which shows the properties of embrittlement under high speed loading. With the same elongation rate, 50SiMnVB steel has higher strength and toughness. 58SiMn steel is a tensile brittle fracture from a macroscopic point of view and a quasi-split fracture from a microscopic point of view; 50SiMnVB steel is a mixed lap shear fracture under axial tensile load. With increasing loading rate, the tensile fracture tends to pure shear fracture.