bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sources of plant resistance to thrips: a potential core component in cotton IPM
Authors: Miyazaki Junji , Stiller Warwick N. , Wilson Lewis J.
Published: October 2016

Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are important pests of seedling cotton and their damage can delay crop maturity and/or reduce yield. Plant resistance to thrips in cotton would reduce the need to treat crops with insecticides for their control. This would support integrated pest management strategies by reducing the risk of selecting insecticide resistance in concomitant pests and of disrupting the natural enemy complex. Traits that reduce thrips abundance in cotton are poorly understood, but dense leaf hairs and high gossypol content are implicated to negatively affect thrips. Furthermore, some diploid cottons are resistant against thrips. Thrips abundance and damage on a range of Gossypium (Malvaceae) genotypes including hairy leaf, smooth leaf (glabrous), okra leaf shape, and diploid species was evaluated over four crop seasons. Thrips were significantly less abundant and they caused less damage on diploid cotton genotypes from Gossypium arboreum L. (BM13H, Roseum A256), Gossypium thurberi Tod. (GOS5310), and Gossypium trilobum (Moc. & Sess. ex DC.) Skov. (GOS5332) than on the standard commercial Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Sicot 71. There was no significant relationship between thrips abundance or damage and leaf hairiness, leaf hardness, or leaf shape, though conclusions about the value of these traits must be made cautiously as they are confounded across genotypes that differ in a range of traits simultaneously. The diploid cottons had a lower damage per thrips ratio, indicating that they are more tolerant of thrips feeding damage and thus could be valuable sources of host plant resistance to thrips.
Aqueous washings of host plant surface influence the growth inhibitory effects of δ‐endotoxins ofBacillus thuringiensisagainstHelicoverpa armigera
Authors: Paramasiva Inakarla , War Abdul Rashid , Krishnayya P. V. , Sharma Hari C.
Published: October 2016

Biological activity of the bacteriumBacillus thuringiensisBerliner (Bt) against insect pests is influenced by the host plants. To understand the underlying mechanism of variation in biological activity of Bt on host plants, we studied the effect of chemicals from the surface of chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.,Fabaceae) leaves (ICCC37 andICC506EB), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench,Poaceae] grain (ICSV745 andIS18698), pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan(L.) Millsp.,Fabaceae] pods (ICPL87 andICPL332WR), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.,Malvaceae) squares (RCH2 and BtRCH2), on whichHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) feeds under natural conditions. Surface chemicals extracted in water from host plant leaves were added to the standard artificial diet containing a commercial formulation of Bt or Cry1Ac. Data were recorded on larval and pupal weights, pupation, adult emergence, larval and pupal periods, adult longevity, and fecundity. Weights ofH. armigeraat 5 days after initiation of the experiment were significantly reduced on artificial diets containing Bt + pod washings ofICPL87 andICPL332WR, grain washings ofICSV745, or square washings ofRCH2, and Cry1Ac + leaf‐surface washings ofICC506EB. Pupal weights were lower on diets containing leaf‐surface washings ofICCC37 + Bt than on standard artificial diet. Larval periods were prolonged on diets containing Bt + leaf‐surface washings ofICCC37, pod washings ofICPL87, and square washings ofRCH2, and on standard artificial diet + Cry1Ac. Pupation was significantly higher on standard artificial diet + Cry1Ac than on diets with Bt + grain washings ofICSV745 and Cry1Ac + square washings ofRCH2 and BtRCH2. Adult emergence was lowest on diets with square washings ofRCH2 + Bt and grain washings ofICSV745 + Cry1Ac. The results suggested that leaf‐surface washings play an important role in biological activity of Bt/Cry1Ac againstH. armigera.
An updated checklist of the scale insects from French Guiana (French overseas department in South America)
Authors: Germain J.‐F. , Devarieux A. , Laplace D. , Matile‐Ferrero D.
Published: October 2016

An updated checklist of the scale insects recorded from French Guiana (French overseas department) is given. This list has been collated from data from 6 different sources: ScaleNet, the EPPO Global Database, the Catalogue des insectes ravageurs des cultures en Guyane Française (Remillet, 1988), MNHN in Paris, LSV in Montpellier and a survey carried out by Direction de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et de la Forêt de Guyane, Service de l'Alimentation (DAAF‐SALIM). Previously, 29 species were recorded from French Guiana by ScaleNet, but the updated list presented in this paper includes a total of 64 species. The 35 species added belong to 7 families: 1 Cerococcidae, 9 Coccidae, 14 Diaspididae, 1 Eriococcidae, 1 Monophlebidae, 2 Ortheziidae and 7 Pseudococcidae.
Exploiting the innate behaviour of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, to limit invasion and spawning in wetlands of the River Murray, Australia
Authors: Conallin A. J. , Smith B. B. , Thwaites L. A. , Walker K. F. , Gillanders B. M.
Published: October 2016

Common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., a destructive invasive pest of the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, move from rivers into wetlands to spawn, making them vulnerable to trapping, but traps may also capture and affect access for native species. This study trialled a trap designed to separate carp from native fish entering wetlands by exploiting their different jumping and pushing behaviours. Trials were conducted at a flow‐through wetland on the River Murray, South Australia, from June to October 2008. No carp approached the wetland inlet, but many (n = 3736) were sampled at the outlet, most by the trap (n = 2530), but there was some avoidance. Ninety‐two percent of trapped carp were successfully isolated by jumping or pushing. Separation was most efficient (and avoidance least) when carp were ready to spawn (water temperature >16 °C). The outlet design substantially reduced wetland carp invasion, but more trials are needed to assess the pushing ability of native fish, to deter entry by turtles, and with alternatives for wetland inlets.
Increased electrical conductivity and the mechanism of samarium‐doped ceria/Al2O3 nanocomposite electrolyte
Authors: Yang Qingqing , Meng Bin , Lin Zuoliang , Zhu Xinkun , Yang Feng , Wu Shan
Published: October 2016

To further enhance the electrical conductivity of doped ceria, the samarium‐doped ceria (SDC)/Al2O3 nanocomposites were prepared through sintering the coprecipitated powders in 1100°C‐1300°C. The grain sizes of all composites are less than 100 nm and decrease with alumina addition. Besides the main phases of SDC and Al2O3, the SmAlO3 can precipitate in the composites if sintered at higher temperatures or for longer dwell time. The deviations of SDC diffraction peak positions demonstrate the solid solution of alumina into SDC lattice. The total electrical conductivities of the composites increase with alumina content until 30% alumina is added. The SDC/30%Al2O3 presents the higher total conductivity than the pure SDC by about five times. Specifically, the grain interior conductivity generally decreases with the alumina addition while the grain‐boundary conductivity increases with that. The introduction of the conductive SDC/Al2O3 interface can contribute to the rise of total conductivity, yet the excessive alumina addition also blocks the oxygen ion conduction. The SmAlO3 precipitation is detrimental to the ion conduction for it consumes part of alumina and leads to the decrement in Sm concentration of SDC grain. Appropriate alumina addition not only enhances the conductivity of SDC but also lowers the material cost.
Consuming with a Conscience
Authors: Golodner Linda
Published: October 2016

The National Consumers League in 1899 exposed sweatshops, child labor, and unfair labor practices, and worked to inspect and report on factories and employers that took advantage of workers and sold goods from those factories to consumers. Many of its goals had to do with corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and ethical purchasing. Life is better for most of us today, but there are still sweatshops and unfair labor practices here in the United States and abroad in the production of goods and in the services we enjoy today. There has been a proliferation of organizations that have emerged in the last 20 to 30 years that focus on making a difference in the lives of workers and in the stewardship of our planet. This article calls attention to domestic and global activities that impact consumers so that they can make conscientious purchasing decisions.
Paving Pathways Through the Pain: A Grounded Theory of Resilience Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Queer Youth
Authors: Asakura Kenta
Published: October 2016

This grounded theory study utilized interviews with 16 service providers and 19 lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) youth to develop a substantive theory of resilience processes among LGBTQ youth. The core category, paving pathways through the pain, suggests that LGBTQ youth build on emotional pain inflicted by external adversities to carve out pathways to resilience. Youth employed the following resilience processes: (1) navigating safety across contexts, (2) asserting personal agency, (3) seeking and cultivating meaningful relationships, (4) un‐silencing marginalized identities, and (5) engaging in collective healing and action. Youth focused on particularly painful adversities and engaged intentionally in one or more of the resilience processes related to the origins of their pain.
A critical analysis of the failure of nurses to raise concerns about poor patient care
Authors: Roberts Marc
Published: October 2016

The occurrence of poor patient care is emerging as one of the most significant, challenging, and critical issues confronting contemporary nursing and those responsible for the provision of health care more generally. Indeed, as a consequence of the increased recognition of the manner in which nurses can be implicated in the occurrence of poor patient care, there has been sustained critical debate that seeks to understand how such healthcare failings can occur and, in particular, why nurses seemingly fail to intervene, raise concerns, and effectively respond to prevent the occurrence and continuation of such poor patient care. In seeking to contribute to this critical discussion, and in contrast to those “situational explanations” that maintain that the failure to raise concerns is a consequence of the contextual factors and challenging conditions to which nurses can be subject in the clinical setting, this paper will provide a resolutely philosophical analysis of that failure. In particular, it will draw upon the work of Jean‐Paul Sartre—the French philosopher generally regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century—in order to propose that his work can be productively recontextualized to provide a detailed, challenging, and provocative critical analysis of the occurrence and continuation of poor patient care and the role of individual nurse practitioners in such healthcare failings.
A sloped piecemeal Gaussian model for characterising foveal pit shape
Authors: Liu Lei , Marsh‐Tootle Wendy , Harb Elise N. , Hou Wei , Zhang Qinghua , Anderson Heather A. , Norton Thomas T. , Weise Katherine K. , Gwiazda Jane E. , Hyman Leslie ,   the COMET Group
Published: October 2016

Purpose

High‐quality optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular scans make it possible to distinguish a range of normal and diseased states by characterising foveal pit shape. Existing mathematical models lack the flexibility to capture all known pit variations and thus characterise the pit with limited accuracy. This study aimed to develop a new model that provides a more robust characterisation of individual foveal pit variations.

Methods

A Sloped Piecemeal Gaussian (SPG) model, consisting of a linear combination of a tilted line and a piecemeal Gaussian function (two halves of a Gaussian connected by a separate straight line), was developed to fit retinal thickness data with the flexibility to characterise different degrees of pit asymmetry and pit bottom flatness. It fitted the raw pit data between the two rims of the fovea to improve accuracy. The model was tested on 3488 macular scans from both eyes of 581 young adults (376 myopes and 206 non‐myopes, mean (S.D.) age 21.9 (1.4) years). Estimates for retinal thickness, wall height and slope, pit depth and width were derived from the best‐fitting model curve. Ten variations of Gaussian and Difference of Gaussian models were fitted to the same scans and compared with the SPG model for goodness of fit (by Root mean square error, RMSE), model complexity (by the Bayesian Information Criteria) and model fidelity.

Results

The SPG model produced excellent goodness of fit (mean RMSE = 4.25 and 3.89 μm; 95% CI: 4.20, 4.30 and 3.86, 3.93 for fitting horizontal and vertical profiles respectively). The SPG model showed pit asymmetry, with average nasal walls 17.6 (11.6) μm higher and 0.96 (0.61)° steeper than temporal walls and average superior walls 7.0 (12.2) μm higher and 0.41 (0.65)° steeper than the inferior walls. The SPG model also revealed a continuum of human foveal shapes, from round bottoms to extended flat bottoms (up to 563 μm). 49.1% of foveal profiles were best fitted with a flat bottom >30 μm wide. Compared with the other tested models, the SPG was the preferred model overall based on the Bayesian Information Criteria.

Conclusions

The SPG is a new parsimonious mathematical model that improves upon other models by accounting for wall asymmetry and flat pit bottoms, providing an excellent fit and more faithful characterisation of typical foveal pit shapes and their known variations. This new model may be helpful in distinguishing normal foveal shape variations by refractive status as well by other characteristics such as sex, ethnicity and age.
Identification of QTLs for red fruit firmness using the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii LA716 introgression lines
Authors: Yang Shengbao , Yu Qinghui , Wang Baike , Yang Tao , Li Ning , Tang Yaping , Aisimutuola Patiguli , Wang Qiang , Xu Jian , Gao Jie
Published: October 2016

The introgression lines (ILs) of the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii have been widely used to identify genes related to yield, texture, disease resistance and stress tolerance. In addition to flavour, fruit firmness is an important evaluation index and essential trait indicating tomato fruit quality. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fruit firmness have been identified through hand squeezing and pericarp puncturing. However, these techniques hardly reveal the force value of the whole fruit suffering from rupture or deformation. In this study, S. pennellii ILs were used to identify QTLs related to fruit firmness through flat‐plate compression. Nine QTLs for enhancing and sixteen QTLs for decreasing fruit firmness were successfully identified. Compared with that of ‘M82’, the amount of QTLs that enhance fruit firmness increased by 8.76% to 21.00%, and the amount of QTLs that reduce fruit firmness decreased by −8.27% to −30.80%. The QTL Crf12a and Crf‐R‐7b is the strongest and weakest QTL, respectively, while they are very stable in all independent biological trials. Six QTLs should be further confirmed through open‐field trials.
Decline in ventricular function as a result of general anesthesia in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Elhoff Justin J. , Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Taylor Carolyn L. , Hassid Marc , Savage Andrew J. , Atz Andrew M. , Butts Ryan J.
Published: October 2016

Echocardiography is frequently performed under anesthesia during procedures such as cardiac catheterization with EMB in pediatric HTx recipients. Anesthetic agents may depress ventricular function, resulting in concern for rejection. The aim of this study was to compare ventricular function as measured by echocardiography before and during GA in 17 pediatric HTx recipients. Nearly all markers of ventricular systolic function were significantly decreased under GA, including EF (−4.2% ±1.2, P < .01) and RV FAC (−0.05 ± 0.02, P = .04). Subjects in the first post‐transplant year (n = 9) trended toward a more significant decrease in EF vs those beyond the first post‐transplant year (n = 8; −6.0% ±1.2 vs −2.1 ± 2.0, P = .1). This information quantifies a decline in biventricular function that should be expected in pediatric HTx recipients while under GA and can assist the transplant clinician in avoiding unnecessary treatment of transient GA‐induced ventricular dysfunction.
Concordance-Assisted Learning for Estimating Optimal Individualized Treatment Regimes
Authors: Fan Caiyun , Lu Wenbin , Song Rui , Zhou Yong
Published: October 2016

We propose new concordance-assisted learning for estimating optimal individualized treatment regimes. We first introduce a type of concordance function for prescribing treatment and propose a robust rank regression method for estimating the concordance function. We then find treatment regimes, up to a threshold, to maximize the concordance function, named the prescriptive index. Finally, within the class of treatment regimes that maximize the concordance function, we find the optimal threshold to maximize the value function. We establish the rate of convergence and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator for parameters in the prescriptive index. An induced smoothing method is developed to estimate the asymptotic variance of the estimator. We also establish the n1/3-consistency of the estimated optimal threshold and its limiting distribution. In addition, a doubly robust estimator of parameters in the prescriptive index is developed under a class of monotonic index models. The practical use and effectiveness of the methodology proposed are demonstrated by simulation studies and an application to an acquired immune deficiency syndrome data set.
Knowledge Equity is Social Justice: Engaging a Practice Theory Perspective of Knowledge for Rural Transformation
Authors: Jaffe JoAnn
Published: October 2016

Social inequities are made possible by and compounded by knowledge inequity. Accordingly, new and more vehicles are needed in which different and transformative knowledges can chart new possibilities, practices, and meanings for rural people. One way forward is to work toward an ecology of knowledges in which the need for many types of knowledge is recognized and different knowledges are respected. Drawing on case study and “photo‐voice” research with women in rural Ethiopia, this article uses a practice theory approach to explore the possibilities of knowledge dialogue among different types of knowledge and skill. Recognizing the wide spectrum of deep knowledge and skill employed in local practice, and understanding how all knowledges are rooted in social context, actors can find common ground to dialogue through methods of praxis and narrative.
Establishment of optimized ELISA system specific for HLA‐G in body fluids
Authors: Ouji‐Sageshima N. , Geraghty D. E. , Ishitani A. , Hatake K. , Ito T.
Published: October 2016

Recently, human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) has been a focus in the field of reproductive immunology, tumor progression and transplantation, because of its inhibitory function as ligand to the inhibitory receptors leukocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptors (LILR) B1 and LILRB2. The HLA‐G is expressed in distinct mRNA isoforms, one of which encodes a soluble HLA‐G (sHLA‐G) protein, detectable by sandwich ELISA. Therefore, sHLA‐G ELISAs have been used as a noninvasive diagnosis system. While a number of sHLA‐G‐specific ELISAs have been described, our prior studies showed that data obtained by the conventional ELISA system detecting sHLA‐G in body fluids was not consistent with the data obtained from immunoprecipitation (IP)/immunoblotting (IB). Therefore, we established an optimized ELISA system described in this report, which yields results consistent with IP/IB analysis. Using this system, we determined sHLA‐G protein in amniotic fluids, and found that sHLA‐G levels at preterm (∼36 weeks) were clearly higher than those at term (37–41 weeks). These data and supporting experiments showed that the ELISA system we established can be an useful tools for the detection of sHLA‐G protein in body fluids than the conventional ELISA system.
Memory and Common Ground Processes in Language Use
Authors: Brown‐Schmidt Sarah , Duff Melissa C.
Published: October 2016

During communication, we form assumptions about what our communication partners know and believe. Information that is mutually known between the discourse partners—their common ground—serves as a backdrop for successful communication. Here we present an introduction to the focus of this topic, which is the role of memory in common ground and language use. Two types of questions emerge as central to understanding the relationship between memory and common ground, specifically questions having to do with the representation of common ground in memory, and the use of common ground during language processing.
Interrogating Feature Learning Models to Discover Insights Into the Development of Human Expertise in a Real‐Time, Dynamic Decision‐Making Task
Authors: Sibert Catherine , Gray Wayne D. , Lindstedt John K.
Published: October 2016

Tetris provides a difficult, dynamic task environment within which some people are novices and others, after years of work and practice, become extreme experts. Here we study two core skills; namely, (a) choosing the goal or objective function that will maximize performance and (b)a feature‐based analysis of the current game board to determine where to place the currently falling zoid (i.e., Tetris piece) so as to maximize the goal. In Study 1, we build cross‐entropy reinforcement learning (CERL) models (Szita & Lorincz, 2006) to determine whether different goals result in different feature weights. Two of these optimization strategies quickly rise to performance plateaus, whereas two others continue toward higher but more jagged (i.e., variable) heights. In Study 2, we compare the zoid placement decisions made by our best CERL models with those made by 67 human players. Across 370,131 human game episodes, two CERL models picked the same zoid placements as our lowest scoring human for 43% of the placements and as our three best scoring experts for 65% of the placements. Our findings suggest that people focus on maximizing points, not number of lines cleared or number of levels reached. They also show that goal choice influences the choice of zoid placements for CERLs and suggest that the same is true of humans. Tetris has a repetitive task structure that makes Tetris more tractable and more like a traditional experimental psychology paradigm than many more complex games or tasks. Hence, although complex, Tetris is not overwhelmingly complex and presents a right‐sized challenge to cognitive theories, especially those of integrated cognitive systems.
Networks of Value‐added Trade
Authors: Amador João , Cabral Sónia
Published: October 2016

Global value chains (GVCs) require new methods for evaluating interconnections among countries, which can no longer be accurately appraised by standard bilateral gross trade flows. This paper uses tools of network analysis to examine the evolution of value‐added trade from 1995 to 2011. GVCs are very centralised and asymmetric networks, with a few large economies acting as hubs, which exposes them to the propagation of idiosyncratic shocks. As GVCs expanded, the networks of foreign value added in exports became denser, more complex and intensively connected. The regional dimension of GVCs is still dominant but is progressively giving place to a more global network. Networks of foreign value added in goods exports outpace those of services exports. However, foreign inputs of services are important for exports of both goods and services. There is a striking rise of China as a supplier of value added, while Germany and the United States maintain a central role in GVCs over the whole period.
EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON PROTEIN PROFILE OF RODENT TUBER (TYPHONIUM FLAGELLIFORME LODD.) IN VITRO MUTANT BASED ON 1D AND 2D PAGE ANALYSES
Authors: Sianipar Nesti Fronika , Purnamaningsih Ragapadmi , Chelen Chelen
Published: October 2016

Rodent tuber is an Indonesian anticancer herbal plant whose genetic variation is low. Genetic variation is crucial to be increased to increase the content of anticancer bioactive compounds. In vitro calli of rodent tuber had been mutated by gamma irradiation. Mutant plants had their genome modified and therefore also affected protein expression. The purpose of this research is to identify protein expression differences between mutant and control rodent tuber plants by 1D and 2D PAGE. 1D PAGE had shown differences in the number of protein bands between control and mutant. M6/2 did not show any expression of 6,9 kD protein. 2D PAGE had identified 24 proteins which were expressed by control and M6/2 plants. Among them, 13 spots were up-regulated and 9 spots were down-regulated in M6/2 plants. In conclusion, 1D and 2D PAGE analyses had successfully proven the changes in protein expression between control and mutant rodent tuber plants.
Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements
Authors: Dunne Eimear M. , Gordon Hamish , Kürten Andreas , Almeida João , Duplissy Jonathan , Williamson Christina , Ortega Ismael K. , Pringle Kirsty J. , Adamov Alexey , Baltensperger Urs , Barmet Peter , Benduhn Francois , Bianchi Federico , Breitenlechner Martin , Clarke Antony , Curtius Joachim , Dommen Josef , Donahue Neil M. , Ehrhart Sebastian , Flagan Richard C. , Franchin Alessandro , Guida Roberto , Hakala Jani , Hansel Armin , Heinritzi Martin , Jokinen Tuija , Kangasluoma Juha , Kirkby Jasper , Kulmala Markku , Kupc Agnieszka , Lawler Michael J. , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Makhmutov Vladimir , Mann Graham , Mathot Serge , Merikanto Joonas , Miettinen Pasi , Nenes Athanasios , Onnela Antti , Rap Alexandru , Reddington Carly L. S. , Riccobono Francesco , Richards Nigel A. D. , Rissanen Matti P. , Rondo Linda , Sarnela Nina , Schobesberger Siegfried , Sengupta Kamalika , Simon Mario , Sipilä Mikko , Smith James N. , Stozkhov Yuri , Tomé Antonio , Tröstl Jasmin , Wagner Paul E. , Wimmer Daniela , Winkler Paul M. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Carslaw Kenneth S.
Published: October 2016

Observations made in the CLOUD chamber at CERN illuminate atmospheric particle formation.
Draft Genome Sequences of One Marine and One Clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain, Both Isolated in Sweden
Authors: Collin Betty , Pinnell Lee J. , Tallman James J. , Turner Jeffrey W.
Published: October 2016

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is the leading bacterial pathogen associated with seafood consumption. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of one marine and one clinical strain, both isolated in Sweden. These sequences will inform future comparative analysis of
V. parahaemolyticus
in northern Europe.
Complete Genome Sequence of Human Adenovirus 7 Associated with Fatal Adult Pneumonia
Authors: Yatsyshina Svetlana B. , Ageeva Margarita R. , Deviatkin Andrey A. , Pimkina Ekaterina V. , Markelov Mikhail L. , Dedkov Vladimir G. , Safonova Marina V. , Shumilina Elena Y. , Lukashev Alexander N. , Shipulin German A.
Published: October 2016

Human adenovirus 7 (hAdv7) 19BOVLB/Volgograd/Rus/2014 was isolated from the autopsy material from an adult with fatal pneumonia in Volgograd, Russia, in March 2014. Whole-genome sequencing of the virus isolate was performed.
Metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma presenting as a large right supraclavicular and anterior chest wall mass
Authors: Hsieh Ku Hung , Tan Hwei Ching Grace , Chong Phek Yoon Angela , Teo Melissa
Published: October 2016

Left-sided cervical lymphadenopathy as first presentation of metastatic prostate carcinoma is not a novel observation. Here, we discuss a case of metastatic prostate primary carcinoma with an initial presentation of a right supraclavicular mass with extension into the anterior chest wall, which on radiological investigation was suggestive of a sarcomatous tumour; however, was confirmed to be pervasive metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. This is the second case in literature, which reports a prostatic primary cancer presenting as a right-sided supraclavicular and anterior chest wall mass.
Adult necrotising enterocolitis—pig-bel disease: a Pacific disease in London
Authors: Wormald Justin Conrad Rosen , Dindyal Sanjay , Mellor Francesca , Behar Nebil
Published: October 2016

Adult necrotising enterocolitis secondaryClostridium perfringenstype C—pig-bel disease—is rarely seen outside of Pacific populations, with the highest incidence being in Papau New Guinea. We present the first reported case of pig-bel disease in a previously well patient without diabetes following food poisoning since 1996. In this case, the enterotoxin-induced disease necessitated emergency laparotomy and bowel resection following the failure of medical treatment and worsening septic shock. We hypothesise that obstruction secondary to a sigmoid diverticular stricture complicated by infection-related oedema led to colonic stasis and rapid progression of disease and bowel loss. Following bowel resection, several parenteral antibiotic agents and prolonged intensive care, this patient survived this severe infective process and was discharged home.
Pseudohyperglycaemia in a comatose patient after picking cherries
Authors: Derkenne Clément , Lamblin Antoine , Jost Daniel , Tourtier Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2016

We report a case of pseudohyperglycaemia on a capillary blood glucose measurement taken from fingers stained with sugar (fructose). A 76-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes received emergency attention at home because of a coma. The first capillary blood glucose measurement collected from a finger revealed a concentration higher than the reference limits, misleading the clinician. After starting symptomatic treatment, a second blood glucose measurement was taken. This measurement, taken at the earlobe, revealed profound hypoglycaemia (0.89 mmol/L), which prompted the administration of appropriate treatment. The elevated initial capillary blood glucose measurement was linked to the presence of fructose on the fingers of the patient from picking cherries just before the patient fainted. After intravenous administration of glucose, the patient regained normal consciousness and had no sequelae despite the severity of the hypoglycaemia and delayed diagnosis. Pseudohyperglycaemia is rare, and delayed diagnosis frequently results in severe sequelae or death.
Training loads and injury risk in Australian football—differing acute: chronic workload ratios influence match injury risk
Authors: Carey David L , Blanch Peter , Ong Kok-Leong , Crossley Kay M , Crow Justin , Morris Meg E
Published: October 2016

Aims

(1) To investigate whether a daily acute:chronic workload ratio informs injury risk in Australian football players; (2) to identify which combination of workload variable, acute and chronic time window best explains injury likelihood.

Methods

Workload and injury data were collected from 53 athletes over 2 seasons in a professional Australian football club. Acute:chronic workload ratios were calculated daily for each athlete, and modelled against non-contact injury likelihood using a quadratic relationship. 6 workload variables, 8 acute time windows (2–9 days) and 7 chronic time windows (14–35 days) were considered (336 combinations). Each parameter combination was compared for injury likelihood fit (using R2).

Results

The ratio of moderate speed running workload (18–24 km/h) in the previous 3 days (acute time window) compared with the previous 21 days (chronic time window) best explained the injury likelihood in matches (R2=0.79) and in the immediate 2 or 5 days following matches (R2=0.76–0.82). The 3:21 acute:chronic workload ratio discriminated between high-risk and low-risk athletes (relative risk=1.98–2.43). Using the previous 6 days to calculate the acute workload time window yielded similar results. The choice of acute time window significantly influenced model performance and appeared to reflect the competition and training schedule.

Conclusions

Daily workload ratios can inform injury risk in Australian football. Clinicians and conditioning coaches should consider the sport-specific schedule of competition and training when choosing acute and chronic time windows. For Australian football, the ratio of moderate speed running in a 3-day or 6-day acute time window and a 21-day chronic time window best explained injury risk.
Is (benzene)Cr(CO)3 really more aromatic than benzene?
Authors: Stanger Amnon
Published: October 2016

(benzene)Cr(CO)3 was claimed to be more aromatic than benzene, based on the central 1H Me chemical shifts in dimethyldihydropyrene annulated to it. In this paper, several dihydropyrenes are computationally investigated. NICS-scan methods are used to assess the ring current properties, and NMR calculations are used for obtaining NMR chemical shifts. The parent and four benz-annulated dihydropyrenes show excellent agreement with the experimental results, reported by R. Mitchell in several papers. The effect of annulating the antiaromatic cyclobutadiene was shown to be larger than that of benzene and to change the type of ring currents; while benz-annulated dihydropyrenes maintain local 14-annulene and local benzenic ring currents, the cyclobutadiene-annulated dihydropyrenes show global (and local) ring currents. A NICS-scan study of (benzene)Cr(CO)3 and a NICS-XY-scan study of the (CO)3Cr(C6H4)-annulated to dihydropyrene show that the benzene in the Cr complex is at most aromatic as benzene, probably somewhat less. A detailed study of the 1H chemical shifts suggests that the experimental results were somewhat misinterpreted, and that (benzene)Cr(CO)3 is at most as aromatic as benzene.
Effect of harvest gap formation and thinning on soil nitrogen cycling at the boreal–temperate interface
Authors: Coulombe David , Sirois Luc , Paré David
Published: October 2016

In mixedwood forest, different types of commercial thinning that generate different gap sizes are being tested as alternatives to clearcutting to create forest stands with an irregular structure that would emulate the pre-industrial forests. The main goal of this study was to investigate the soil nitrogen (N) dynamics in response to two partial harvesting treatments, used alone or in combination: commercial thinning creating tree-size canopy gaps and harvest gaps creating 0.05 ha gaps. In a 30 year old balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stand, both treatments, alone or in combination, as well as unharvested controls were compared on replicated 0.75 ha plots. The most noticeable changes following treatments were observed in gaps, while commercial thinning did not significantly influence any of the parameters assessed. In gaps, increases in N mineralization rates and mineral N concentrations and proportions (NO3−-N and NH4+-N) relative to dissolved organic N were observed. Our results suggest that these changes are caused by the increase in soil temperature and water content. In these forests, the response threshold of the N cycling regarding the size of the intervention would therefore be located between the removal of one or a few trees (one to three stems, 6–12 m2) and a gap of 500 m2. Other studies conducted in different climate and forest types have shown that this threshold could be of equivalent or of a smaller size. These findings will contribute to optimizing our management strategies regarding partial cuts or small-scale clearcuts.
DNA barcoding for biosecurity: case studies from the UK plant protection program
Authors: Hodgetts Jennifer , Ostojá-Starzewski Jozef C. , Prior Thomas , Lawson Rebecca , Hall Jayne , Boonham Neil
Published: October 2016

Since its conception, DNA barcoding has seen a rapid uptake within the research community. Nevertheless, as with many new scientific tools, progression towards the point of routine deployment within diagnostic laboratories has been slow. In this paper, we discuss the application of DNA barcoding in the Defra plant health diagnostic laboratories, where DNA barcoding is used primarily for the identification of invertebrate pests. We present a series of case studies that demonstrate the successful application of DNA barcoding but also reveal some potential limitations to expanded use. The regulated plant pest, Bursephalenchus xylophilus, and one of its vectors, Monochamus alternatus, were found in dining chairs. Some traded wood products are potentially high risk, allowing the movement of longhorn beetles; Trichoferus campestris, Leptura quadrifasciata, and Trichoferus holosericeus were found in a wooden cutlery tray, a railway sleeper, and a dining chair, respectively. An outbreak of Meloidogyne fallax was identified in Allium ampeloprasum and in three weed species. Reference sequences for UK native psyllids were generated to enable the development of rapid diagnostics to be used for monitoring following the release of Aphalara itadori as a biological control agent for Fallopia japonica.
Higgs production through sterile neutrinos
Authors: Antusch Stefan , Cazzato Eros , Fischer Oliver
Published: October 2016

In scenarios with sterile (right-handed) neutrinos with an approximate “lepton-number-like” symmetry, the heavy neutrinos (the mass eigenstates) can have masses around the electroweak scale and couple to the Higgs boson with, in principle, unsuppressed Yukawa couplings, while the smallness of the light neutrinos’ masses is guaranteed by the approximate symmetry. The on-shell production of the heavy neutrinos at lepton colliders, together with their subsequent decays into a light neutrino and a Higgs boson, constitutes a resonant contribution to the Higgs production mechanism. This resonant mono-Higgs production mechanism can contribute significantly to the mono-Higgs observables at future lepton colliders. A dedicated search for the heavy neutrinos in this channel exhibits sensitivities for the electron neutrino Yukawa coupling as small as [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the sensitivity is enhanced for higher center-of-mass energies, when identical integrated luminosities are considered.
The second law of thermodynamics and entropy-decreasing processes with 4He superflows
Authors: Yu Yongle
Published: October 2016

We review on a recently proposed quantum exception to the second law of thermodynamics (SLT). We emphasize that 4He superflows, like any other forms of flows, shall carry entropy or heat in a thermal environment. Following that, one can use a heterogeneous 4He superflow loop to realize entropy-decreasing processes. We also mention that the heat content of a superflow has an unusual dependence on flow velocity, which is an important factor contributing to the entropy-decreasing processes.
A Block Compressive Sensing Based Scalable Encryption Framework for Protecting Significant Image Regions
Authors: Zhang Yushu , Zhou Jiantao , Chen Fei , Zhang Leo Yu , Xiao Di , Chen Bin , Liao Xiaofeng
Published: October 2016

The existing Block Compressive Sensing (BCS) based image ciphers adopted the same sampling rate for all the blocks, which may lead to the desirable result that after subsampling, significant blocks lose some more-useful information while insignificant blocks still retain some less-useful information. Motivated by this observation, we propose a scalable encryption framework (SEF) based on BCS together with a Sobel Edge Detector and Cascade Chaotic Maps. Our work is firstly dedicated to the design of two new fusion techniques, chaos-based structurally random matrices and chaos-based random convolution and subsampling. The basic idea is to divide an image into some blocks with an equal size and then diagnose their respective significance with the help of the Sobel Edge Detector. For significant block encryption, chaos-based structurally random matrix is applied to significant blocks whereas chaos-based random convolution and subsampling are responsible for the remaining insignificant ones. In comparison with the BCS based image ciphers, the SEF takes lightweight subsampling and severe sensitivity encryption for the significant blocks and severe subsampling and lightweight robustness encryption for the insignificant ones in parallel, thus better protecting significant image regions.
Simulated Annealing, Its Variants and Engineering Applications
Authors: Siddique Nazmul , Adeli Hojjat
Published: October 2016

This paper presents a review of research reported on simulated annealing (SA). Different cooling/annealing schedules are summarized. Variants of SA are delineated. Recent applications of SA in engineering are reviewed.
Rhyl Field: developing a new structural model by integrating basic geological principles with advanced seismic imaging in the Irish Sea
Authors: Ward Gavin , Baker Dean
Published: October 2016

A new model of compression in the Upper Triassic overlying the Rhyl Field has been developed for the Keys Basin, Irish Sea. This paper highlights the significance of the overburden velocity model in revealing the true structure of the field. The advent of 3D seismic and pre-stack depth migration has improved the interpreter's knowledge of complex velocity fields, such as shallow channels, salt bodies and volcanic intrusions. The huge leaps in processing power and migration algorithms have advanced the understanding of many anomalous features, but at a price: seismic imaging has always been a balance of quality against time and cost. As surveys get bigger and velocity analyses become more automated, quality control of the basic geological assumptions becomes an even more critical factor in the processing of seismic data and in the interpretation of structure. However, without knowledge of both regional and local geology, many features in the subsurface can be processed out of the seismic by relying too heavily on processing algorithms to image the structural model. Regrettably, without an integrated approach, this sometimes results in basic geological principles taking second place to technology and has contributed to hiding the structure of the Rhyl Field until recently.
Visualization to understand ecosystems
Authors: Iyer Bala R. , Basole Rahul C.
Published: October 2016

Mapping relationships between stakeholders in an ecosystem to increase understanding and make better-informed strategic decisions.
Active Labor Market Policies
Authors: Crépon Bruno , van den Berg Gerard J.
Published: October 2016

Active labor market policies are massively used with the objective being to improve labor market outcomes of individuals out of work. Many observational evaluation studies have been published. In this review, we critically assess policy effectiveness. We emphasize insights from recent randomized controlled trials. In addition, we examine policy effects that have not been the primary object of most of the past evaluations, such as anticipatory effects of advance knowledge of future treatments and equilibrium effects, and we discuss the actual implementation of policies. We discuss the importance of heterogeneity of programs and effects and examine the extent to which potential participants are interested in enrollment. We also discuss the assessment of costs and benefits of programs.
Prediction of hemodynamics under left ventricular assist device
Authors: Kakino Takamori , Saku Keita , Sakamoto Takafumi , Sakamoto Kazuo , Akashi Takuya , Ikeda Masataka , Ide Tomomi , Kishi Takuya , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Sunagawa Kenji
Published: October 2016

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) saves lives in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) failure. However, predicting how much LVAD boosts total cardiac output (CO) remains difficult. This study aimed to develop a framework to quantitatively predict the impact of LVAD on hemodynamics. We adopted the circulatory equilibrium framework and incorporated LVAD into the integrated CO curve to derive the circulatory equilibrium. In anesthetized dogs, we ligated left coronary arteries to create LV failure and inserted a centrifugal pump as LVAD. Using CO and right (PRA) and left atrial pressure (PLA) measured before LVAD support, we predetermined the stressed volume (V) and logarithmic slope of right heart CO curve (SR). Next, we initiated LVAD at maximum level and then decreased LVAD flow stepwise while monitoring hemodynamic changes. We predicted LVAD-induced CO and PRA for given PLA from the predetermined SR and V and compared with those measured experimentally. The predicted CO [ r2 = 0.907, SE of estimate (SEE) = 5.59 ml·min−1·kg−1, P < 0.001] and PRA ( r2 = 0.967, SEE = 0.307 mmHg, P < 0.001) matched well with measured values indicating the validity of the proposed framework. We further conducted simulation using the validated framework to analyze the impact of LVAD on PRA under various right ventricular (RV) functions. It indicated that PRA is relatively insensitive to changes in RV end-systolic elastance or pulmonary arterial resistance, but sensitive to changes in V. In conclusion, the circulatory equilibrium framework predicts quantitatively the hemodynamic impact of LVAD. This knowledge would contribute to safe management of patients with LV failure undergoing LVAD implantation.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hemodynamic response to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has not been quantitatively investigated. This is the first report of quantitative prediction of the hemodynamics on LVAD using circulatory equilibrium framework. The validated framework allows us to simulate the impact of LVAD on right atrial pressure under various right ventricular functions.
Boundedness ofθ-Type Calderón–Zygmund Operators and Commutators in the Generalized Weighted Morrey Spaces
Authors: Wang Hua
Published: October 2016

We first introduce some new Morrey type spaces containing generalized Morrey space and weighted Morrey space as special cases. Then, we discuss the strong-type and weak-type estimates for a class of Calderón–Zygmund type operatorsTθin these new Morrey type spaces. Furthermore, the strong-type estimate and endpoint estimate of commutators[b,Tθ]formed bybandTθare established. Also, we study related problems about two-weight, weak-type inequalities forTθand[b,Tθ]in the Morrey type spaces and give partial results.
Fabrication of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibers, with and without the Addition of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
Authors: Morouço Pedro , Biscaia Sara , Viana Tânia , Franco Margarida , Malça Cândida , Mateus Artur , Moura Carla , Ferreira Frederico C. , Mitchell Geoffrey , Alves Nuno M.
Published: October 2016

Biomaterial properties and controlled architecture of scaffolds are essential features to provide an adequate biological and mechanical support for tissue regeneration, mimicking the ingrowth tissues. In this study, a bioextrusion system was used to produce 3D biodegradable scaffolds with controlled architecture, comprising three types of constructs: (i) poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix as reference; (ii) PCL-based matrix reinforced with cellulose nanofibers (CNF); and (iii) PCL-based matrix reinforced with CNF and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANP). The effect of the addition and/or combination of CNF and HANP into the polymeric matrix of PCL was investigated, with the effects of the biomaterial composition on the constructs (morphological, thermal, and mechanical performances) being analysed. Scaffolds were produced using a single lay-down pattern of 0/90°, with the same processing parameters among all constructs being assured. The performed morphological analyses showed a satisfactory distribution of CNF within the polymer matrix and high reliability was obtained among the produced scaffolds. Significant effects on surface wettability and thermal properties were observed, among scaffolds. Regarding the mechanical properties, higher scaffold stiffness in the reinforced scaffolds was obtained. Results from the cytotoxicity assay suggest that all the composite scaffolds presented good biocompatibility. The results of this first study on cellulose and hydroxyapatite reinforced constructs with controlled architecture clearly demonstrate the potential of these 3D composite constructs for cell cultivation with enhanced mechanical properties.