bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital twins and deep learning segmentation of defects in monolayer MX2 phases
Authors: Fuhr Addis S. , Ganesh Panchapakesan , Vasudevan Rama K. , Roccapriore Kevin M. , Sumpter Bobby G.
Published: January 2024

Developing methods to understand and control defect formation in nanomaterials offers a promising route for materials discovery. Monolayer MX2 phases represent a particularly compelling case for defect engineering of nanomaterials due to the large variability in their physical properties as different defects are introduced into their structure. However, effective identification and quantification of defects remain a challenge even as high-throughput scanning transmission electron microscopy methods improve. This study highlights the benefits of employing first principles calculations to produce digital twins for training deep learning segmentation models for defect identification in monolayer MX2 phases. Around 600 defect structures were obtained using density functional theory calculations, with each monolayer MX2 structure being subjected to multislice simulations for the purpose of generating the digital twins. Several deep learning segmentation architectures were trained on this dataset, and their performances evaluated under a variety of conditions such as recognizing defects in the presence of unidentified impurities, beam damage, grain boundaries, and with reduced image quality from low electron doses. This digital twin approach allows benchmarking different deep learning architectures on a theory dataset, which enables the study of defect classification under a broad array of finely controlled conditions. It thus opens the door to resolving the underpinning physical reasons for model shortcomings and potentially chart paths forward for automated discovery of materials defect phases in experiments.
Interfacial engineering to manipulate the effective spin Hall angle of perpendicularly magnetized systems
Authors: Maji Saikat , Chauhan Kartikey Pratap , Bhat Ishan , Mukhopadhyay Ankan , Kayal Soubhik , Kumar P. S. Anil
Published: January 2024

The spin current can be generated by passing an electric current through a heavy metal. The spin current generation depends on the spin Hall angle (θsh) of the material. To manipulate the effective θsh, a thin layer of Au has been introduced at the bottom Pt/Co and the top Co/Pt interfaces in Ta/Pt/Co/Pt based perpendicularly magnetic anisotropy systems, and current-induced magnetization reversal of Co has been studied to estimate Jc. The introduction of the Au layer at the top Co/Pt interface (Ta/Pt/Co/Au/Pt) did not produce any significant reduction in the Jc. However, a significant reduction of Jc (∼34%) has been observed, while the Au layer has been deposited at the bottom Pt/Co interface (Ta/Pt/Au/Co/Pt), indicating an enhancement in the value of θsh. We also performed a micromagnetic simulation to understand the qualitative change of the θsh. Micromagnetic simulation suggested that the θsh becomes 0.07 in Ta/Pt/Au/Co/Pt multilayer compared to θsh=0.05 of the Ta/Pt/Co/Pt system. Pt/Co/Au/Co/Au exhibits a reduction in Jc up to ∼30% and corresponds to θsh=0.09. A Ta capping layer has been introduced to inject more spin current into the Co layer since Pt and Ta have opposite spin Hall angles. The Jc lowers up to ∼58% in Ta/Pt/Au/Co/Pt/Ta multilayer, corresponding to θsh=0.23. We also achieved field-free switching at Jc=1.55×1011 by depositing an in-plane magnetized layer of Co in Ta/Pt/Au/Co/Pt/Ta/Co/Pt multilayer.
Tuning phase separation in DPPDTT/PMMA blend to achieve molecular self-assembly in the conducting polymer for organic field effect transistors
Authors: Afzal Tahmina , Iqbal M. Javaid , Almutairi Badriah S. , Zohaib Muhammad , Nadeem Muhammad , Raza Mohsin Ali , Naseem Shahzad
Published: January 2024

The semiconductor/insulator blends for organic field-effect transistors are a potential solution to improve the charge transport in the active layer by inducing phase separation in the blends. However, the technique is less investigated for long-chain conducting polymers such as Poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno [3,2-b]thiophene)] (DPPDTT), and lateral phase separation is generally reported due to the instability during solvent evaporation, which results in degraded device performance. Herein, we report how to tailor the dominant mechanism of phase separation in such blends and the molecular assembly of the polymer. For DPPDTT/PMMA blends, we found that for higher DPPDTT concentrations (more than 75%) where the vertical phase separation mechanism is dominant, PMMA assisted in the self-assembly of DPPDTT to form nanowires and micro-transport channels on top of PMMA. The formation of nanowires yielded 13 times higher mobility as compared to pristine devices. For blend ratios with DPPDTT ≤ 50%, both the competing mechanisms, vertical and lateral phase separation, are taking place. It resulted in somewhat lower charge carrier mobilities. Hence, our results show that by systematic tuning of the blend ratio, PMMA can act as an excellent binding material in long-chain polymers such as DPPDTT and produce vertically stratified and aligned structures to ensure high mobility devices.
Analysis of electromechanical coupling vibration characteristics of motor-gear system based on bond graph theory
Authors: Chen Qingqing , Xu Rui , Wang Zihui , Pan Jiabao , Huang Wei , Zhang Jing , Wang Jiugen
Published: January 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing demand in the field of engineering systems for research on the vibration response of motor-gear systems under non-steady state conditions. However, conventional modeling and simulation techniques are primarily restricted to systems within a single energy domain. When dealing with intricate electromechanical coupling systems, the modeling process becomes increasingly intricate. Consequently, this study adopts bond graph theory as the foundation for analyzing the vibration characteristics of motor-gear coupling systems. In addressing the vibration issue of the motor-gear transmission system, a nonlinear bond graph model is established that takes into account the time-varying mesh stiffness, static errors, and tooth surface friction, among other nonlinear factors. Then, according to the coupling relationship between motor mechanical systems and electrical systems, the electromechanical coupling dynamic model of the motor-gear system is established using the method of bond graph. In addition, the state equation of the system is derived based on the bond graph model. Finally, the system is simulated using 20-sim software, and the electromechanical coupled vibration characteristics of the simulation results are analyzed. This article lays the foundation for the design and analysis of motor-gear coupling systems and multi-energy domain complex systems.
A numerical model for the electrical and shock wave characteristics of underwater pulsed spark discharge
Authors: Li Xin , Shi Huantong , Hu Jinliang , Wu Jian , Li Xingwen , Qiu Aici
Published: January 2024

Underwater pulsed spark discharge has been widely used in industrial fields as a source of shock waves or acoustic waves, and numerical modeling of the discharge and pressure wave characteristics is necessary to improve the application performance. In this paper, a numerical model is proposed that couples the circuit equation, the mass and energy conservation equations, and a momentum conservation equation based on the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions. A tabulated wide range equation of state and conductivity data of water are used, and various physical processes during the plasma channel expansion are considered, including the energy flow and mass exchange between the channel and the surrounding water due to thermal radiation, evaporation, and condensation. The model self-consistently solves the circuit current and voltage, the plasma channel parameters including composition, temperature, conductivity, pressure, etc., and the pressure profile at a certain distance from the discharge channel. The calculated results show good consistency with the experimental measurements, and three sets of experimental results from other literature are tested to further verify the applicability and effectiveness of the model.
A method for estimating the contact area of a dual-mobility total hip prosthesis
Authors: Hidayat Taufiq , Ammarullah Muhammad Imam , Saputra Eko , Lamura M. Danny Pratama , K N Chethan , Ismail Rifky , Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto , Jamari J.
Published: January 2024

The term “contact area” refers to the total surface area of two entities in direct physical touch. When discussing an artificial hip joint, “contact area” refers to the surface area of contact between the components of the artificial hip joint (ball and cup) positioned inside the patient. Several methods can be used to figure out the contact area of an artificial hip joint, such as finite element analysis and traditional experiments on contact mechanics with hip joint simulators. The contact area in an artificial hip joint ensures load distribution. For optimal and long-term performance, the prosthetic hip joint’s contact area must be well understood for design, fitting, and monitoring. This study presented a novel method to estimate the liner surface contact area due to interaction contact in the artificial hip joint using a computer-aided design (CAD) program. This study also contrasted numerical approaches utilizing computer-aided engineering software and theoretical predictions based on Hertz theory with three-dimensional processes using CAD software to determine the contact area in the inner liner. There were no significant discrepancies in the outcomes of the three approaches.
Equalized shape feature enhancement method for multiple ferromagnetic objects
Authors: Sun Hexuan , Qiu Jing , Wang Zheng , Zhang Shunyu , Huang Shuanglong
Published: January 2024

When magnetic measuring instruments are used to measure the shape of ferromagnetic objects, the objects far away from the observation plane are likely to have blurred shape features because the magnetic field decays rapidly with distance. A bigger challenge is to measure multiple objects at the same time. When the relative positions of multiple measured objects and the observation plane are inappropriate, it is easy to have problems that the shape features of the deeper measured objects are not obvious and the magnetic signals of multiple measured objects are aliased, which usually leads to shape feature measurement failed. To address this issue, we propose an equalized shape feature enhancement method for multiple ferromagnetic objects. The method enhances shape features by evaluating the trends of the total horizontal derivative and vertical derivative of the magnetic field within the measurement area using the standard deviation. Meanwhile, the method combines the theory of ratio equalization and normalization to improve the shape features convergence of deeper objects and balance the signal aliasing interference between objects of different depths. Model simulation and experimental results show that the shape feature measurement results of the proposed method are clear and in good agreement with the ideal model. The method can effectively balance the magnetic anomaly amplitudes of the measured objects with different depths, and improve the accuracy and stability of shape feature measurement. We compare and analyze the processing effects of the proposed method and the traditional normalized standard deviation method (NSTD). It is calculated that the standard deviations of the results obtained by the proposed method and the NSTD method are 0.146 and 0.136, and the average peak-to-trough differences are 0.368 and 0.352, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method can better enhance the shape characteristics of ferromagnetic objects and has more practical application value.
Cannibalism in the mainland dusky antechinus (Antechinus mimetes mimetes) during the breeding period
Authors: Baker Andrew M. , Bowerman Elliot , Gynther Ian C.
Published: January 2024

The carnivorous marsupial genus Antechinus is well known for exhibiting semelparity – every year, all males die after the 1–3 week breeding period. Death of males potentially presents an opportunity for cheap energy gain via cannibalism for still-living male and female antechinuses. Cannibalistic behaviour has been reported in some dasyurids, but direct observations in the wild are rare. Here, we document observations of a mainland dusky antechinus (Antechinus mimetes mimetes) eating a recently deceased conspecific during the breeding period at Point Lookout, New England National Park, New South Wales. This provides rare field-based evidence of opportunistic cannibalism in a semelparous mammal.
Comfort with having sexual orientation recorded on official databases among a community and online sample of gay and bisexual men in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Ludlam A. H. , Petousis-Harris H. , Arroll B. , Saxton P. J. W.
Published: January 2024

Introduction Sexual orientation minorities have worse health outcomes than the heterosexual majority. In 2023, Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) added sexual and gender identity items to the Census, offering actionable data for improving sexual identity and gender identity (SOGI) community health. However, this also raises questions about individuals’ willingness to provide such information to Government and their comfort with data privacy and governance. Methods Using data from gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) participants of the Gay Auckland Periodic Sex Survey and Gay Men’s Online Sex Survey 2014 cross-sectional surveys, the study question examined comfort having their sexual orientation recorded in official databases. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of comfort, including sociodemographic and behavioural variables. Results Of 3173 participants who completed the question, 63.1% were comfortable with recording sexual orientation. Adjusted odds ratios showed less comfort among those identifying with an ‘Other’ ethnicity (AOR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43–0.96), identifying as bisexual (AOR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.35–0.56), and those who did not believe their GP to be aware of their sexuality (AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.26–0.40). No sexual behaviours were independently associated with comfort. Discussion The majority of GBM participants reported comfort with having their sexual orientation recorded on official databases, but some are not, and this is patterned by sociodemographic variables. Officials should improve the safety and perceived relevance of sexual orientation data collection efforts to increase their representativeness and utility for sexual minority populations.
An integrative taxonomic approach to the Atlantic Hansarsia (formerly Nematoscelis) yields new krill taxa (Crustacea: Euphausiidae)
Authors: Kulagin D. N. , Simakova U. V. , Lunina A. A. , Vereshchaka A. L.
Published: January 2024

A recent molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic study on the krill genus Hansarsia revealed undescribed cryptic diversity in the Atlantic. Each of four species analysed encompassed robust molecular clades that were linked to dimorphic males in H. microps, H. atlantica and H. tenella. We tested the robustness and divergence of the observed clades using an integrative approach including (1) three independent species delimitation methods for the mitochondrial COI gene (ASAP, GMYC, bPTP), (2) variability of two nuclear genes (H3 and ITS1) and (3) morphological analysis (MDS and PCA) with a dataset of 22 characters scored for 131 specimens. Both molecular and morphological analyses resulted in at least six distinct clades within the Atlantic Hansarsia. The strongest divergence was revealed between the two clades of H. tenella, one of which we diagnosed as a new species. Two clades of H. megalops also showed significant divergence but in the absence of males, we were reluctant to designate new species. Different clades linked to male forms in H. microps and H. atlantica are suggested as an incipient species. We also hypothesise an unusual trend in the evolution of euphausiids, in which visual recognition enhances tactile interaction during mating. Our results show that analyses of ostensibly well studied groups may yet yield taxonomic surprises. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AE045636-50EF-450A-B9B3-9231E8B91522
PROKR1–CREB–NR4A2 axis for oxidative muscle fiber specification and improvement of metabolic function
Authors: Mok Jongsoo , Park Jeong Hwan , Yeom Su Chong , Park Joonghoon
Published: January 2024

Metabolic disorders are characterized by an imbalance in muscle fiber composition, and a potential therapeutic approach involves increasing the proportion of oxidative muscle fibers. Prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) is a G protein–coupled receptor that plays a role in various metabolic functions, but its specific involvement in oxidative fiber specification is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the functions of PROKR1 in muscle development to address metabolic disorders and muscular diseases. A meta-analysis revealed that the activation of PROKR1 upregulated exercise-responsive genes, particularly nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2). Further investigations using ChIP-PCR, luciferase assays, and pharmacological interventions demonstrated that PROKR1 signaling enhanced NR4A2 expression by Gs-mediated phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) in both mouse and human myotubes. Genetic and pharmacological interventions showed that the PROKR1–NR4A2 axis promotes the specification of oxidative muscle fibers in both myocytes by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic function. Prokr1-deficient mice displayed unfavorable metabolic phenotypes, such as lower lean mass, enlarged muscle fibers, impaired glucose, and insulin tolerance. These mice also exhibited reduced energy expenditure and exercise performance. The deletion of Prokr1 resulted in decreased oxidative muscle fiber composition and reduced activity in the Prokr1–CREB–Nr4a2 pathway, which were restored by AAV-mediated Prokr1 rescue. In summary, our findings highlight the activation of the PROKR1–CREB–NR4A2 axis as a mechanism for increasing the oxidative muscle fiber composition, which positively impacts overall metabolic function. This study lays an important scientific foundation for the development of effective muscular-metabolic therapeutics with unique mechanisms of action.
The shape of the Himalayan “Arc”: An ellipse pinned by syntaxial strike-slip fault tips
Authors: Jiao Liqing , Tapponnier Paul , Coudurier-Curveur Mccallum Aurélie , Xu Xiwei
Published: January 2024

Trans-Himalayan geodetic data show that, between both syntaxes, India/Asia convergence is steadily oriented ≈ N20°E. However, surface faulting near both syntaxes, along the 2005 and 1950 earthquake ruptures, imply long-term thrusting directed ≈ 130° apart, and post-LGM (last Glacial Maximum) shortening rates of ≈ 5 to 6 mm/y, ≈ 2 to 3 times slower than in Nepal (≈ 15 to 20 mm/y). Syntaxial earthquakes’ return-time are also ≈ 3 times longer (>2,000 y) than in Nepal (≈ 700 y). In a structural frame centered halfway between the syntaxial cusps, the tectonic features of the range show remarkable symmetry. In map view, the overall shapes of the Main Front Thrust (MFT) and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) closely fit ellipses, with major-to-minor axis ratios of ≈ 2.5 to 3. This suggests that the range growth atop subducting India is “pinned” by the strike-slip faults that bound it to the east and west. Discrete Element Modeling corroborates a late-Tertiary elliptical range growth. This accounts for the ≈ 65° angles and twofold to threefold decrease in active thrusting between Nepal and the syntaxes, for the maximum Himalayan heights (≥8,000 m), larger magnitudes (≥8), and shorter return-time (≈ 700 y) of great earthquakes in Nepal, for the existence of two 500- to 600 km-long, south-concave mountain ranges north of both syntaxes and for the ≈ 9 mm/y, N100 to 110°E extension across southern Tibet. It also suggests that predictions of impending or frequent great earthquakes in the eastern- and westernmost Himalayas may be overstated.
A TeZla micromixer for interrogating the early and broad folding landscape of G-quadruplex via multistage velocity descending
Authors: Li Zheyu , Hu Rui , Li Tao , Zhu Jiang , You Huijuan , Li Yiwei , Liu Bi-Feng , Li Conggang , Li Ying , Yang Yunhuang
Published: January 2024

Biomacromolecular folding kinetics involves fast folding events and broad timescales. Current techniques face limitations in either the required time resolution or the observation window. In this study, we developed the TeZla micromixer, integrating Tesla and Zigzag microstructures with a multistage velocity descending strategy. TeZla achieves a significant short mixing dead time (40 µs) and a wide time window covering four orders of magnitude (up to 300 ms). Using this unique micromixer, we explored the folding landscape of c-Myc G4 and its noncanonical-G4 derivatives with different loop lengths or G-vacancy sites. Our findings revealed that c-Myc can bypass folding intermediates and directly adopt a G4 structure in the cation-deficient buffer. Moreover, we found that the loop length and specific G-vacancy site could affect the folding pathway and significantly slow down the folding rates. These results were also cross-validated with real-time NMR and circular dichroism. In conclusion, TeZla represents a versatile tool for studying biomolecular folding kinetics, and our findings may ultimately contribute to the design of drugs targeting G4 structures.
A hybrid photocatalytic system enables direct glucose utilization for methanogenesis
Authors: Ma Jing-Ya , Yan Zhen , Sun Xiao-Dong , Jiang Yu-Qian , Duan Jian-Lu , Feng Li-Juan , Zhu Fan-Ping , Liu Xiao-Yu , Xia Peng-Fei , Yuan Xian-Zheng
Published: January 2024

Integration of methanogenic archaea with photocatalysts presents a sustainable solution for solar-driven methanogenesis. However, maximizing CH
4
conversion efficiency remains challenging due to the intrinsic energy conservation and strictly restricted substrates of methanogenic archaea. Here, we report a solar-driven biotic–abiotic hybrid (biohybrid) system by incorporating cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles with a rationally designed methanogenic archaeon
Methanosarcina acetivorans
C2A, in which the glucose synergist protein and glucose kinase, an energy-efficient route for glucose transport and phosphorylation from
Zymomonas mobilis
, were implemented to facilitate nonnative substrate glucose for methanogenesis. We demonstrate that the photo-excited electrons facilitate membrane-bound electron transport chain, thereby augmenting the Na
+
and H
+
ion gradients across membrane to enhance adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Additionally, this biohybrid system promotes the metabolism of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) and inhibits the flow of AcCoA to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, resulting in a 1.26-fold augmentation in CH
4
production from glucose-derived carbon. Our results provide a unique strategy for enhancing methanogenesis through rational biohybrid design and reprogramming, which gives a promising avenue for sustainably manufacturing value-added chemicals.
A second-generation eIF4A RNA helicase inhibitor exploits translational reprogramming as a vulnerability in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Cencic Regina , Im Young K. , Naineni Sai Kiran , Moustafa-Kamal Mohamed , Jovanovic Predrag , Sabourin Valerie , Annis Matthew G. , Robert Francis , Schmeing T. Martin , Koromilas Antonis , Paquet Marilène , Teodoro Jose G. , Huang Sidong , Siegel Peter M. , Topisirovic Ivan , Ursini-Siegel Josie , Pelletier Jerry
Published: January 2024

In this study, we aimed to address the current limitations of therapies for macro-metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and provide a therapeutic lead that overcomes the high degree of heterogeneity associated with this disease. Specifically, we focused on well-documented but clinically underexploited cancer-fueling perturbations in mRNA translation as a potential therapeutic vulnerability. We therefore developed an orally bioavailable rocaglate-based molecule, MG-002, which hinders ribosome recruitment and scanning via unscheduled and non-productive RNA clamping by the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4A RNA helicase. We demonstrate that MG-002 potently inhibits mRNA translation and primary TNBC tumor growth without causing overt toxicity in mice. Importantly, given that metastatic spread is a major cause of mortality in TNBC, we show that MG-002 attenuates metastasis in pre-clinical models. We report on MG-002, a rocaglate that shows superior properties relative to existing eIF4A inhibitors in pre-clinical models. Our study also paves the way for future clinical trials exploring the potential of MG-002 in TNBC and other oncological indications.
Effect of initial specimen height and solids concentration on the consolidation parameters of fine-grained coal tailings
Authors: Islam Shriful , Williams David J. , Zhang Chenming
Published: January 2024

Proper understanding and analysis of the consolidation behaviour and parameters of tailings from a slurry-like to a soil-like state are vital for the design, management, and assessment of a tailings storage facility (TSF). Fine-grained coal tailings slurry can undergo relatively rapid and substantial settlement from a slurried state and can experience relatively slow and limited self-weight consolidation, remaining slurry-like and under-consolidated, rather than soil-like. A large purpose-built slurry consolidometer having a newly developed consolidometer cell, instrumented with load cells and pore water pressure transducers, is well-suited to test tailings from a slurry-like to a soil-like state and enables the constant rate of loading (CRL) to simulate the build-up of tailings. CRL is more representative of the rate of rise of tailings in a TSF than incremental step loading. By conducting consolidation tests on fine-grained coal tailings from a slurry-state under a loading rate of 0.12 kPa/min up to applied stress of 320 kPa, this research investigated the effect of initial specimen height (ISH) and initial solids concentration (ISC) on consolidation parameters and hydraulic conductivity. Using ISH and ISC as independent inputs, a statistical model has been proposed to estimate the consolidation settlement at the end of the slurry consolidation test.
Geometallurgy-oriented mine scheduling considering volume support and non-additivity
Authors: Campos Pedro Henrique Alves , Coimbra Leite Costa João Felipe , Koppe Vanessa Cerqueira , Arcari Bassani Marcel Antônio
Published: January 2024

In mine planning, metallurgical recovery is traditionally estimated in each block as a fixed value or a function of the block's primary geological attributes. Nevertheless, this variable has two characteristics that are often neglected. First, it is non-additive, which means that estimation and scaling procedures of such properties cannot be done based on linear techniques. Second, it is a process response variable, which means this variable value represents the response of the volume processed at the plant. The combination of these two properties results that the metallurgical recovery of each block is dependent on the blocks that will be mined and processed together with it at the plant. This paper demonstrates the difference between how metallurgical recovery is traditionally considered in mine planning, and how it should be. There are impacts on mine scheduling/blending, global metallurgical recovery estimation (total quantity of metal recovered) and total economic value.
A hybrid extraction level layout design for block caving
Authors: Le-Feaux Rene , Castro Raúl , Cortez Diego , Gómez René , Silva Diego
Published: January 2024

The most widely used production level layouts in block cave mines have been the El Teniente and Herringbone. However, these patterns face some challenges that can be improved, such as reducing LHD cycle times, improved pillar geometries for a better production level stability and enhancements in time and cost during construction. In that context, this work proposes a hybrid extraction level design for Block Caving, integrating productivity and geometry to achieve a balance based on experience and theory. A methodology is proposed to compare with El Teniente layout in terms of constructability, ground support, and main operational parameters. The results indicate that a hybrid layout offers advantages compared to the El Teniente layout based on the area and input variables analysed. Although further studies are recommended for industrial validation, the results obtained here show that the proposed layout is feasible and has the potential to be applied in block cave mining.
Financial risk analysis with uncertainties of phosphate ore beneficiation
Authors: Said Mahmoud , El-Midany Ayman A.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the net present value (NPV) of a phosphate ore beneficiation flowsheet is analysed under appropriate technical-economic conditions, considering all related uncertainties, using a new Economic Mine Value (EMV) dynamic model to assess the feasibility of the flowsheet. The stochastic NPV of the dynamic model showed that the project is 53.3% more economically viable than the static deterministic NPV. Risk analysis showed that the net present value-at-risk (NPVaR) is likely to achieve a value less than zero, with a 4.7% chance of incurring a financial loss. In addition, sensitivity analysis ranked the model variables according to their impact on the stochastic NPV. The NPV was optimized by adjusting the capacity and capital costs (CAPEX) as decision variables, imposing the price as a model constraint, and using a NPVaR of 1% to maximize NPV. The EMV model is a universal model that can be applied to various mineral deposits.
Blood flow-bearing physical forces, endothelial glycocalyx, and liver enzyme mobilization: A hypothesis
Authors: Hernández-Espinosa Lorena Carmina , Hernández-Muñoz Rolando
Published: January 2024

Numerous elements involved in shear stress-induced signaling have been identified, recognizing their functions as mechanotransducing ion channels situated at cellular membranes. This form of mechanical signaling relies on transmembrane proteins and cytoplasmic proteins that restructure the cytoskeleton, contributing to mechanotransduction cascades. Notably, blood flow generates mechanical forces that significantly impact the structure and remodeling of blood vessels. The primary regulation of blood vessel responses occurs through hemodynamic forces acting on the endothelium. These mechanical events intricately govern endothelial biophysical, biochemical, and genetic responses. Endothelial cells, positioned on the intimal surface of blood vessels, have the capability to express components of the glycocalyx. This endothelial structure emerges as a pivotal factor in mechanotransduction and the regulation of vascular tone. The endothelial glycocalyx assumes diverse roles in both health and disease. Our findings propose a connection between the release of specific enzymes from the rat liver and variations in the hepatic blood flow/mass ratio. Importantly, this phenomenon is not correlated with liver necrosis. Consequently, this review serves as an exploration of the potential involvement of membrane proteins in a hypothetical mechanotransducing phenomenon capable of controlling the release of liver enzymes.
V-line 2-tensor tomography in the plane
Authors: Ambartsoumian Gaik , Mishra Rohit Kumar , Zamindar Indrani
Published: January 2024

In this article, we introduce and study various V-line transforms (VLTs) defined on symmetric 2-tensor fields in

R

2

. The operators of interest include the longitudinal, transverse, and mixed VLTs, their integral moments, and the star transform. With the exception of the star transform, all these operators are natural generalizations to the broken-ray trajectories of the corresponding well-studied concepts defined for straight-line paths of integration. We characterize the kernels of the VLTs and derive exact formulas for reconstruction of tensor fields from various combinations of these transforms. The star transform on tensor fields is an extension of the corresponding concepts that have been previously studied on vector fields and scalar fields (functions). We describe all injective configurations of the star transform on symmetric 2-tensor fields and derive an exact, closed-form inversion formula for that operator.
Temperature measurement of molten glass under batch feeding process by means of electrical resistance tomography
Authors: Kawaguchi Tatsuya , Saito Takushi
Published: January 2024

Electrical Resistance Tomography stands out as a powerful tool applicable to opaque environments, particularly in scenarios involving highly contaminated flows, gas–liquid two-phase flows with elevated void fractions, and electrically-conductive fields. The semi-conductive nature of high-temperature molten glass renders resistance tomography suitable for determining temperature distributions within such optically opaque mediums. This study aims to extend the application of the tomography technique to the spatial measurement of temperature in high-temperature molten glass. In order to verify the effectiveness of the developed system, a preliminary test was conducted by using an electrolyte solution in water to explore the overall system capabilities. Following the confirmation of the effective resolution of the proposed system, the measurement apparatus was employed for the actual temperature measurement of molten glass. The developed equipment featured sixteen independent electrodes, a low-impedance multiplexer, amplifier, rectifier, and a oscillating signal generator. Electrical potentials of the electrodes were recorded using a high-impedance amplifier as well as a data logging system. Upon collecting the electrical potential dataset, reconstruction computations were executed using the software. The measurement results show that the developed measurement system facilitates the acquisition of quantitative temperature distributions, as evidenced by the injection of a batch of low-temperature glass beads.
Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) enhanced diverging magnetic field for controlled particle flux in a microwave-excited plasma column – a numerical investigation
Authors: Ojha Anupama , Suvansh Shubhankur , Pandey Himanshu , Pandey Shail
Published: January 2024

The present work is an investigation of the effect of an externally applied diverging magnetic field on a surface microwave-sustained plasma column. Microwaves (2.45 GHz) are allowed to propagate through a tapered waveguide system containing a discharge tube made up of quartz. Argon gas flows down the tube from top to bottom maintaining a pressure of 1 Torr and a plasma is ignited within the tube owing to the surface microwave propagation. In the absence of a magnetic field, the plasma column exhibits discrete regions of overdense plasma near its center where the electric field of the incident microwaves is observed to be high. As the gas flows down the tube, the plasma density is also found to decrease and the resulting plasma profile is asymmetric about its length. However, in the presence of an axially applied diverging magnetic field , an axial force acts on the plasma, and the discrete overdense plasma regions are found to get symmetrically arranged along the plasma axis. Interesting results are observed when the diverging magnetic field includes a region of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) corresponding to the microwave frequency. In the presence of an ECR, the electrons are expected to experience resonant heating by microwaves other than the direct heating by these waves. Under such conditions, the discharge dynamics are governed by the resonance mechanism, and the bright spots of overdense plasma regions get shifted to the ECR positions. As the magnetic field strength increases, the overdense plasma moves axially away from the center. These results are a clear indication of a magnetically controlled particle flux over a target and can be exploited in various material processing applications, particularly for surface cleaning applications in the semiconductor industries.
Applying exponential unit for breaking symmetry of memristive maps
Authors: Phu Thoai Vo , Volos Christos , Vincenzo Radogna Antonio , Pham Viet-Thanh , Grassi Giuseppe , Momani Shaher
Published: January 2024

The emergence of memristors has piqued significant interest in memristive maps due to their unique characteristics. In this paper, we introduce a novel and effective method for constructing memristor maps, leveraging the power of exponential units. Interestingly, the incorporation of these exponential units disrupts symmetry and alters the count of fixed points within the map. The method is simple to build maps with chaos and higher order maps. These make our work different from existing methods. To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, we have focused our attention on examining the dynamics, feasibility, and practical applications of a specific map, referred to as the EPMM1 map. Furthermore, we show that by extending this approach, it becomes straightforward to create other innovative memristive maps, including those with multiple memristors.
Dynamical features and traveling wave structures of the perturbed Fokas-Lenells equation in nonlinear optical fibers
Authors: Muhammad Shah , Abbas Naseem , Hussain Akhtar , Az-Zo’bi Emad
Published: January 2024

In this study, the new complex wave solutions of the perturbed Fokas-Lenells (p-FL) equation, which has applications in nonlinear optical fibers are obtained using a new extended direct algebraic method. This model represents recent electronic communications like Internet blogs, facebook communication and twitter comments. The obtained solutions are the different classes of traveling wave structures with singular solutions Type-I & II, dark-singular, dark, and dark-bright solutions. Furthermore, stability conditions for the computed structures are reported. Also, graphical representations of some particular structures are shown by taking the specific values of the constants. The ordinary differential equation (ODE) obtained from a traveling wave transformation is converted into a dynamical system using Galilean transformation. The phase plane analysis is done for different values of the controlled parameters d
1 and d
3. A perturbation term is added to analyze the chaotic dynamics, and plots indicate that the system shows the chaotic dynamics. Also, sensitivity analysis shows that the system is sensitive to initial conditions. The conclusion is accounted for toward the end.
Light propagation in the vicinity of the ModMax black hole
Authors: Guzman-Herrera E. , Breton N.
Published: January 2024

ModMax is a nonlinear electrodynamics theory with the same symmetries as Maxwell electrodynamics. Static spherically symmetric solutions have been derived by coupling ModMax electrodynamics with the Einstein equations, which can represent a black hole. In this paper, we analyze light propagation in the vicinity of the ModMax black hole. We determine birefringence, light trajectories, deflection, redshifts, as well as the shadow of the black hole using the effective or optical metric to determine the optical paths of light; comparison is done with the corresponding effects in the neighborhood of the Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, that is the solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equations.
Dynamic laser speckle study on the effect of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles in coatings
Authors: Balamurugan R , Arul A R , Ramalingam H B , Venckatesh R
Published: January 2024

The coatings of TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles mixed with latex paint on the sample are studied. The sample coin is coated primarily with latex paint alone and then with additives such as TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles separately with the same percentage of concentration. The sample is illumined by a coherent source of light and produces tiny bright and dark fingerprints by the interference effect of the scattered laser. This cigar-like granular pattern image is known as a speckle pattern which is recorded continuously during the drying process of paint. The modified properties due to the additives in paint on the coin are studied by speckle photography. The surface profile plotting method is adopted for the roughness analysis on the sample. Histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix perform the intensity analysis in the paint. The brightness examine by means of bright/dark pixel counting method.
A novel order-reduced thermal-coupling electrochemical model for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xie 谢 Yizhan 奕展 , Wang 王 Shuhui 舒慧 , Wang 王 Zhenpo 震坡 , Cheng 程 Ximing 夕明
Published: January 2024

Although the single-particle model enhanced with electrolyte dynamics (SPMe) is simplified from the pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) electrochemical model for lithium-ion batteries, it is difficult to solve the partial differential equations of solid–liquid phases in real-time applications. Moreover, working temperatures have a heavy impact on the battery behavior. Hence, a thermal-coupling SPMe is constructed. Herein, a lumped thermal model is established to estimate battery temperatures. The order of the SPMe model is reduced by using both transfer functions and truncation techniques and merged with Arrhenius equations for thermal effects. The polarization voltage drop is then modified through the use of test data because its original model is unreliable theoretically. Finally, the coupling-model parameters are extracted using genetic algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model produces average errors of about 42 mV under 15 constant current conditions and 15 mV under nine dynamic conditions, respectively. This new electrochemical-thermal coupling model is reliable and expected to be used for onboard applications.
Multi-tile zinc-oxide-based radiation-hard fast scintillation counter for relativistic heavy-ion beam diagnostics: prototype design and test
Authors: Saifulin M , Boutachkov P , Gorokhova E , Rodnyi P , Trautmann C , Venevtsev I , Walasek-Höhne B
Published: January 2024

This contribution summarizes the design and performance test of a prototype radiation-hard fast scintillation detector based on the indium-doped zinc oxide ceramic scintillator, ZnO(In). The prototype detector has been developed for use as a beam diagnostics tool for high-energy beam lines of the SIS18 synchrotron at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research GmbH. The new detector consists of multiple ZnO(In) scintillating ceramics tiles stacked on the front and back sides of a borosilicate light guide. The performance of the detector was tested in comparison to a standard plastic scintillation detector with 300 MeV/u energy 40Ar, 197Au, 208Pb, and 238U ion beams. The investigated prototype exhibits 100% counting efficiency and radiation hardness of a few orders of magnitude higher than the standard plastic scintillation counter. Therefore, it provides an improved beam diagnostics tool for relativistic heavy-ion beam measurements.
Exploring Biophilic Urbanism Indicators Along Urban Waterfronts of Submerged Heritage Cities
Authors: Alashwah Fatma , AbdelTawab Ayman , Eldarwish Ingy , Mehanna Wesam
Published: January 2024

The urban waterfronts of submerged heritage cities offer great opportunities and space for bringing nature into cities, they provide inspiration for closer relationships between nature, heritage sites and society. On the other hand, these urban waterfronts suffer from disconnection between nature and culture in heritage conservation practices. This disconnection has negatively impacted not only on the heritage sites, but also on ecosystems, citizens’ health, and wellbeing. Biophilic urbanism is an approach that seeks to integrate nature into urban waterfront spaces, creating healthier and more liveable cities. This paper aims to fill the gap between nature and cultural in conservation practices by adopting the concept of biophilic urbanism, which provides a valuable tool for conservation the urban waterfronts of submerged heritage cities, in addition to the balance conservation with development and create more resilient waterfront communities. The paper examines case studies of urban waterfronts in (Zadar, Croatia), (Baia, Italy), and (Abo Qir, Egypt). The results indicate the necessity of modifying Abo Qir’s urban waterfront development plan to incorporate indicators of Biophilic urbanism. This adjustment is crucial in order to ensure that future generations inherit healthy and vital living spaces, in addition to preserve Abo Qir’s significant submerged heritage cities.
Integration of Ecological and Eco-technological Design on Architecture (Hot, Dry Climatic Environment)
Authors: Attiya Eman Eid , Shebl Mohamed Adel , Magdy Darwish Menna T-Allah
Published: January 2024

The eco-technological architecture works to improve the efficiency of energy consumption, and the interaction of the building and its systems with the external environment as a living outlet that affects and is affected by the external environment. The research paper aims to devise sustainable ecological design criteria during all stages of sustainable building design by studying the integration between the ecology system and Eco technology on the hot, dry climatic environment and its direct impact on architecture to achieve compatibility and compatibility with the surrounding environment, leading to a more interactive architecture with the environment, an attempt to achieve ecological design features. By analyzing the architectural output resulting from the eco-technological concept, and achieving the highest degrees of comfort in the internal environment with the highest possible performance and the lowest possible cost, it positively affects the comfort of users. Therefore, architectural designers must move towards eco-technological thinking to pay attention to the energy rationalization system and the sustainability of buildings, realizing the importance of analyzing the basic principles of the eco-technological approach to obtain an environmentally compatible interior design, and paying attention to the technological means available to achieve energy efficiency in internal spaces in ways that do not affect the external environment.
BIM Roles in Enhancing Building Performance in Construction Projects Through Communication Management Case Study: The Grand Egyptian Museum
Authors: Ali S , Hegazi Y , Shanawany H , Othman A
Published: January 2024

In Egypt’s construction industry, achieving successful project performance is still a challenge, particularly in construction projects involving multiple stakeholders, where the requirements increase and different management approaches between the multi-stakeholders during project phases affect the communication process. However, the reliance on traditional methods of transmitting information and communicating between all parties results in many problems. Therefore, many software and technologies are developed to improve communication management and address the challenges of complying with the information that stakeholders require. BIM technology has emerged as a suitable platform for information exchange and visualization, which can aid in increasing the quality of information transfer and exchange to ease construction management and improve building performance. Thus, this research aims to improve building performance by improving communication management in construction projects using BIM. A qualitative research methodology is adopted to achieve the aim of this research. It is based on an analytical study of a literature review, a case study on a BIM project in Egypt and semi-structured interviews carried out in the Grand Egyptian Museum project. The research outcome lies in exploring the role of BIM to achieve the most possible benefits and raise the management performance of the communication process during construction.