bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centenarian hippocampus displays high levels of astrocytic metallothioneins
Authors: Saenz‐Antoñanzas Ander , Muñoz‐Culla Maider , Rigo Piero , Ruiz‐Barreiro Leire , Moreno‐Valladares Manuel , Alberro Ainhoa , Cruces‐Salguero Sara , Arroyo‐Izaga Marta , Arranz Amaia M. , Otaegui David , Guillemot François , Matheu Ander
Published: May 2024

The hippocampus is a brain area linked to cognition. The mechanisms that maintain cognitive activity in humans are poorly understood. Centenarians display extreme longevity which is generally accompanied by better quality of life, lower cognitive impairment, and reduced incidence of pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases. We performed transcriptomic studies in hippocampus samples from individuals of different ages (centenarians [≥97 years], old, and young) and identified a differential gene expression pattern in centenarians compared to the other two groups. In particular, several isoforms of metallothioneins (MTs) were highly expressed in centenarians. Moreover, we identified that MTs were mainly expressed in astrocytes. Functional studies in human primary astrocytes revealed that MT1 and MT3 are necessary for their homeostasis maintenance. Overall, these results indicate that the expression of MTs specifically in astrocytes is a mechanism for protection during aging.
Accumulation of senescent cells in the adrenal gland induces hypersecretion of corticosterone via IL1β secretion
Authors: Okudaira Noriyuki , Akimoto Mi‐Ho , Susa Takao , Akimoto Miho , Hisaki Harumi , Iizuka Masayoshi , Okinaga Hiroko , Almunia Julio A. , Ogiso Noboru , Okazaki Tomoki , Tamamori‐Adachi Mimi
Published: May 2024

Aging progresses through the interaction of metabolic processes, including changes in the immune and endocrine systems. Glucocorticoids (GCs), which are regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, play an important role in regulating metabolism and immune responses. However, the age‐related changes in the secretion mechanisms of GCs remain elusive. Here, we found that corticosterone (CORT) secretion follows a circadian rhythm in young mice, whereas it oversecreted throughout the day in aged mice >18 months old, resulting in the disappearance of diurnal variation. Furthermore, senescent cells progressively accumulated in the zF of the adrenal gland as mice aged beyond 18 months. This accumulation was accompanied by an increase in the number of Ad4BP/SF1 (SF1), a key transcription factor, strongly expressing cells (SF1‐high positive: HP). Removal of senescent cells with senolytics, dasatinib, and quercetin resulted in the reduction of the number of SF1‐HP cells and recovery of CORT diurnal oscillation in 24‐month‐old mice. Similarly, administration of a neutralizing antibody against IL1β, which was found to be strongly expressed in the adrenocortical cells of the zF, resulted in a marked decrease in SF1‐HP cells and restoration of the CORT circadian rhythm. Our findings suggest that the disappearance of CORT diurnal oscillation is a characteristic of aging individuals and is caused by the secretion of IL1β, one of the SASPs, from senescent cells that accumulate in the zF of the adrenal cortex. These findings provide a novel insight into aging. Age‐related hypersecretory GCs could be a potential therapeutic target for aging‐related diseases.
Association of optimism and social support with health‐related quality of life among Australian women cancer survivors – A cohort study
Authors: Rahman Md Mijanur , David Michael , Steinberg Julia , Cust Anne , Yu Xue Qin , Rutherford Claudia , Banks Emily , Byles Julie , Canfell Karen
Published: May 2024

Aim

Large‐scale studies investigating health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in cancer survivors are limited. This study aims to investigate HRQL and its relation to optimism and social support among Australian women following a cancer diagnosis.

Methods

Data were from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, a large cohort study (n = 14,715; born 1946–51), with 1428 incident cancer cases ascertained 1996–2017 via linkage to the Australian Cancer Database. HRQL was measured using the Short Form‐36 (median 1.7 years post‐cancer‐diagnosis). Multivariable linear regression was performed on each HRQL domain, separately for all cancers combined, major cancer sites, and cancer‐free peers.

Results

Higher optimism and social support were significantly associated with better HRQL across various domains in women with and without a cancer diagnosis (p < 0.05). Mean HRQL scores across all domains for all cancer sites were significantly higher among optimistic versus not optimistic women with cancer (p < 0.05). Adjusting for sociodemographic and other health conditions, lower optimism was associated with reduced scores across all domains, with greater reductions in mental health (adjusted mean difference (AMD) = −11.54,p < 0.01) followed by general health (AMD = −11.08,p < 0.01). Social support was less consistently related to HRQL scores, and following adjustment was only significantly associated with social functioning (AMD = −7.22,p < 0.01) and mental health (AMD = −6.34,p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our findings highlight a strong connection between optimism, social support, and HRQL among cancer survivors. Providing psychosocial support and addressing behavioral and socioeconomic factors and other health conditions associated with optimism and social support may improve HRQL.
Beyond blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte homeostasis – Role of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system in the interplay between metabolic diseases and breast cancer
Authors: Kalupahana Nishan Sudheera , Moustaid‐Moussa Naima
Published: May 2024

The classical renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), as well as the recently described counter‐regulatory or non‐canonical RAAS have been well characterized for their role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Moreover, extensive research has been conducted over the past decades on both paracrine and the endocrine roles of local RAAS in various metabolic regulations and in chronic diseases. Clinical evidence from patients on RAAS blockers as well as pre‐clinical studies using rodent models of genetic manipulations of RAAS genes documented that this system may play important roles in the interplay between metabolic diseases and cancer, namely breast cancer. Some of these studies suggest potential therapeutic applications and repurposing of RAAS inhibitors for these diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which RAAS is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type‐2 diabetes as well as the role of this system in the initiation, expansion and/or progression of breast cancer, especially in the context of metabolic diseases.
Effect of feeding sodium butyrate to beef female cows during pre‐ and post‐partum period on concentrations of glucagon‐like peptides in plasma and colostrum
Authors: Inabu Yudai , Horike Hiroshi , Yamano Haruki , Taguchi Yutaka , Okada Shunnosuke , Etoh Tetsuji , Shiotsuka Yuji , Fujino Ryoichi , Takahashi Hideyuki
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding beef cows with sodium butyrate during the late pregnancy and early post‐partum periods on concentrations of glucagon‐like peptide (GLP)‐1 and 2 in plasma, colostrum, and transition milk. Twelve Japanese Black female cows were fed concentrate feed without (CON; n = 6) or with (BUTY; n = 6) sodium butyrate supplementation at 1.1% of dietary dry matter from −60 d relative to the expected parturition date to 4 d after parturition. Plasma total cholesterol concentration was higher for the BUTY than for the CON (P = 0.04). In addition, plasma GLP‐1 concentration was higher for the BUTY than for the CON at 3 d after calving (P < 0.05). This study showed for the first time that GLP‐1 is present in the colostrum of Japanese Black cows at higher concentrations as compared to in plasma (P < 0.01). On the other hand, no treatment effect was observed for concentrations of metabolite and hormone in colostrum and transition milk. In summary, feeding beef cows with sodium butyrate during the late gestation and early post‐partum period likely increases plasma GLP‐1 concentrations post‐partum without affecting the components of colostrum and transition milk.
‘Displaced in the name of Religion’: Girl child abuse and community healthcare workers' response to women crying for help in IDP camps in North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Uroko Favour Chukwuemeka , Obiorah Mary Jerome
Published: May 2024

This study examines girl child abuse in an internally displaced people's camp in north‐central Nigeria and the response of community health workers. The conflict in Benue State is caused by religious differences between the natives (Tiv people) and the invading Fulani herdsmen. During these conflicts, women and girls were displaced, and they were kept in internally displaced persons (IDPs) located in different parts of the state. Literature has been extensively written on internal displacement in Nigeria, but none has been able to elucidate the health needs of girls and the various abuses girls and women are suffering in IDP camps. In this study, literature was extended (1) to explore the environment of the girl child in IDP camps, (2) to identify reasons for the abuse of the girl child in IDP camps, (3) to investigate the impacts of the abuse on the girl child in IDP camps and (4) to investigate how healthcare workers could be used to alleviate the plight of girl children in IDP camps. This is a qualitative case study, with data obtained from relevant academic literature and personal observation. The data were analysed using content analysis. Findings reveal that the girl child is suffering from psychological, economic and health challenges due to the various forms of abuse they are going through. Following the devastation in Benue State, healthcare workers from the community relocated to neighbouring states. There is a need to recall those healthcare workers and provide them with the necessary materials to assist girls in IDP camps. Recommendations are discussed.
How is teaching quality related to achievement emotions in secondary low‐ and high‐achieving students: A cross‐sectional study in Chinese mathematics classrooms
Authors: Chen Xin
Published: May 2024

Background

Past studies clarified the relationship between dimensions of teaching and achievement emotions. However, more information is needed about the underlying process behind this relationship among students with different mathematical abilities.

Aims

This study examined the association between students' perceived teaching quality and achievement emotions in Chinese mathematics classrooms, focusing on students with different mathematics achievements.

Samples

There are 1045 secondary school students (49.1% girls; Mage = 13.90, SD = .84) from Chinese mathematics classrooms in the present study.

Methods

A multi‐group structural equation model was adopted to test the relationship between teaching quality and achievement emotions between low‐ and high‐achieving students.

Results

Control‐value appraisals mediated in teacher support and achievement emotions in both student groups. At the same time, control‐value appraisals failed to mediate cognitive activation and achievement emotions in low‐achieving students, while the mediating effect of control‐value appraisals was identified in high‐achieving students. Besides, classroom management was related to achievement emotions via academic value only in low‐achieving students. In contrast, it was related to achievement emotions via control‐value appraisals in high‐achieving students.

Conclusions

The results clarified the mediation roles of control‐value appraisals in teaching quality and achievement emotions in students with low‐ and high‐achieving achievements. Similarities and differences were also identified between the two student groups. Teacher support was beneficial to students' positive emotions while classroom management helped to lessen students' negative emotions. High‐achieving students benefited more from activating teaching compared with low‐achieving students.
Whole‐blood transcriptome analysis reveals distinct gene expression signatures in paediatric patients with sickle cell anaemia before and after exercise
Authors: Plaza‐Florido Abel , Liem Robert I. , Haddad Fadia , Radom‐Aizik Shlomit
Published: May 2024

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients display elevated levels of circulating pro‐inflammatory cytokines and endothelial activation markers compared to healthy peers. The impact of exercise on the pro‐inflammatory state in SCA remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the whole‐blood transcriptome profile in response to an acute bout of exercise in paediatric SCA patients. Twenty‐three SCA participants (13 ± 3 years, 52% girls) and 17 healthy controls (14 ± 3 years, 29% girls) performed eight 2‐min bouts of cycle ergometry interspersed with 1‐min rest intervals. Whole‐blood transcriptome profile (RNA‐seq) was performed before and after exercise. At baseline, gene pathways associated with gas transport in erythrocytes were up‐regulated in SCA patients compared to controls. Following exercise, gene pathways associated with innate immunity were altered in both groups. Interaction analyses revealed 160 annotated genes (101 up‐ and 59 down‐regulated) that differentially altered by exercise in SCA patients. Moreover, genes that exhibited a blunted response to exercise in SCA patients were enriched in the IL‐17 signalling pathway, suggesting an impaired innate immune response to exercise. This data will contribute to the development of evidence‐based exercise prescription guidelines for this patient population.
The neuropharmacological properties of α‐pyrrolidinobutiothiophenone, a new synthetic cathinone, in rodents; role of the dopaminergic system
Authors: Kim Oc‐Hee , Jeon Kyung Oh , Kim Gihyeon , Jang Choon‐Gon , Yoon Seong Shoon , Jang Eun Young
Published: May 2024

Background and Purpose

α‐Pyrrolidinobutiothiophenone (α‐PBT) is a chemical derivative of cathinone, a structural analogue of amphetamine. Until now, there have been a few previous neurochemical or neurobehavioural studies on the abuse potential of α‐PBT.

Experimental Approach

We examined the abuse potential of α‐PBT by measuring psychomotor, rewarding, and reinforcing properties and methamphetamine‐like discriminative stimulus effects in rodents using locomotor activity, conditioned place preference, self‐administration, and drug discrimination studies. To clarify the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms, we measured dopamine levels and neuronal activation in the dorsal striatum. In addition, we investigated the role of the dopamine D1 receptor or D2 receptors in α‐PBT‐induced hyperlocomotor activity, conditioned place preference, and the methamphetamine‐like discriminative stimulus effect of α‐PBT in rodents.

Key Results

α‐PBT promoted hyperlocomotor activity in mice. α‐PBT induced drug‐paired place preference in mice and supported self‐administration in rats. In a drug discrimination experiment, α‐PBT fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine in rats. Furthermore, α‐PBT increased dopamine levels and c‐Fos expression in the dorsal striatum of mice, which was associated with these behaviours. Finally, pretreatment with the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or the D2 receptors antagonist eticlopride significantly attenuated acute or repeated α‐PBT‐induced hyperlocomotor activity, place preference, and the methamphetamine‐like discriminative stimulus effects in rodents.

Conclusions and Implications

These findings suggest that α‐PBT has abuse potential at the highest dose tested via enhanced dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum of rodents. The results provide scientific evidence for the legal restrictions of the recreational use of α‐PBT.
Contact sensitization and self‐reported eczema in Swedish painters with occupational exposure to isothiazolinones
Authors: Edlund Maria , Holm Mathias , Inerot Annica , Långsved Linda , Dahlman‐Höglund Anna , Hagvall Lina
Published: May 2024

Background

Due to an increasing occupational usage of isothiazolinone (IT)‐containing preservatives, and their potential to cause skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis, that is, chronic disease, there is a need for more knowledge on how highly exposed workers are affected.

Objectives

The overall objective was to explore dermatological symptoms of potentially long‐lasting or chronic character in Swedish painters.

Methods

Building painters from western and southern Sweden were initially invited to perform a questionnaire on occurrence of skin symptoms. Participants with affirmative responses, and the right inclusion criteria, were further invited to patch testing with four different ITs: benzisothiazolinone (BIT), methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone.

Results

There was a tendency towards higher occurrence of positive patch test reactions among the painters compared with occupationally unexposed registry patients; however, not statistically significant differences. BIT was the substance most frequently causing positive test results in both groups. The occurrence of adult‐onset eczema was higher in painters than in the control group of electricians, and just shy of statistical significance concerning any of several skin locations (face/legs/arms/hands).

Conclusion

Building painters present with positive patch test reactions to common paint preservatives (ITs), and they report adult‐onset eczema more often than do less occupationally exposed groups.
The beneficial effects of neutrophil elastase inhibitor on gastrointestinal dysfunction in sepsis
Authors: Sun Jia‐Kui , Li Jing‐Jing , Deng Yi‐Hang , Yin Xiang , Huangfu Xiao‐Tian , Ye Zi‐Yu , Zhou Xue‐Hui , Chen Yong‐Ming , Yuan Shou‐Tao , Wang Xiang
Published: May 2024

To investigate the effects of neutrophil elastase inhibitor (sivelestat sodium) on gastrointestinal function in sepsis. A reanalysis of the data from previous clinical trials conducted at our center was performed. Septic patients were divided into either the sivelestat group or the non‐sivelestat group. The gastrointestinal dysfunction score (GIDS), feeding intolerance (FI) incidence, serum levels of intestinal barrier function and inflammatory biomarkers were recorded. The clinical severity and outcome variables were also documented. A total of 163 septic patients were included. The proportion of patients with GIDS ≥2 in the sivelestat group was reduced relative to that in the non‐sivelestat group (9.6% vs. 22.5%, p = 0.047) on the 7th day of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The FI incidence was also remarkably reduced in the sivelestat group in contrast to that in the non‐sivelestat group (21.2% vs. 37.8%, p = 0.034). Furthermore, the sivelestat group had fewer days of FI [4 (3, 4) vs. 5 (4–6), p = 0.008]. The serum levels of d‐lactate (p = 0.033), intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein (p = 0.005), interleukin‐6 (p = 0.001), white blood cells (p = 0.007), C‐reactive protein (p = 0.001), and procalcitonin (p < 0.001) of the sivelestat group were lower than those of the non‐sivelestat group. The sivelestat group also demonstrated longer ICU‐free days [18 (0–22) vs. 13 (0–17), p = 0.004] and ventilator‐free days [22 (1–24) vs. 16 (1–19), p = 0.002] compared with the non‐sivelestat group. In conclusion, sivelestat sodium administration appears to improve gastrointestinal dysfunction, mitigate dysregulated inflammation, and reduce disease severity in septic patients.
Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis leading to a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation: A case report and literature review
Authors: Arnoff Taylor E. , Mirza Fatima N. , Yumeen Sara , Ben Khadra Shaza , George Dean David , Robinson‐Bostom Leslie
Published: May 2024

Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis (CHP) is associated with a number of systemic conditions and is characterized by the presence of benign phagocytic histiocytes (“bean bag cells”), including phagocytosed erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. We describe a case of a 72‐year‐old female who presented with a papular eruption that clinically mimicked pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA). Given that her skin biopsy had multiple features concerning PLEVA, this diagnosis was classified as a superficial pityriasis lichenoides‐like variant of CHP. The histopathologic presence of cytophagic histiocytosis prompted workup for a systemic malignancy, leading to a diagnosis of underlying acute monocytic leukemia of myeloid lineage.
Diagnostic delay in Hidradenitis suppurativa investigated using data from social media and from statutory health insurances
Authors: Kirschner Uwe , Kahn Maria , Papukchieva Steffeni , Stosio Karolina , Keis Andreas , Biermann Mona H. C. , Häusser‐Fruh Gisela , Sturm Lisa , Eberl Markus , Friedrich Benjamin , Kurzen Hjalmar
Published: May 2024

Background

The chronic inflammatory skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) leads to severe pain and reduced quality of life. Nonetheless, it often takes years until a correct diagnosis is made. In this analysis, disease‐related experiences and pathways of patients with HS were investigated and compared with the physicians’ perspective.

Methods

Public posts on forums and social media as well as results of a survey conducted among dermatologists and their patients on the actual medical care reality of HS in Germany were analysed. Furthermore, claims data from German health insurance companies were evaluated.

Results

Patients with HS suffer from a 43.3% reduction in working ability. Dermatology (26.5%) was the most frequently consulted specialty, with HS diagnosed predominantly in the inpatient setting (43.8%). Abscesses were described as the most frequent alternative diagnosis in HS patients (53.2%). Patient‐reported changes of physicians in dermatology (34.1%) and surgery (42.4%) occurred predominantly within the specialty. Dermatology received most referrals from general practitioners (67.1%), but only 12.1% from surgeons.

Conclusion

There is an urgent need to reduce the delay in diagnosis and the prolonged burden of disease in patients with HS. Therefore, awareness of the disease, its detection and treatment which goes beyond dermatology should be promoted, if possible as part of medical studies.
Who Suffers the Most During the COVID‐19 Pandemic? Evidence From Thailand
Authors: Paweenawat Sasiwimon Warunsiri , Liao Lusi
Published: May 2024

This study investigates Thailand's recent labor market disruption induced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic using its Labor Force Survey data from 2018 to 2021. We provide empirical evidence to validate the varied effects among different demographic categories. Workers that are the most adversely affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic are (1) in high‐risk sectors, (2) less educated, (3) young workers, and (4) parents. Our empirical results show that the unemployment rate positively relates to marital status and sectorial risk levels—that is, married and public sector employees are less likely to be unemployed. Furthermore, less occupational flexibility and parenthood decrease wages, and these effects are more prominent for women, suggesting the country's “she‐cession.”
Participatory translation and anti‐racism in NGO development work: A method of co‐producing translations with community members
Authors: Chasukwa Michael , Crack Angela
Published: May 2024

Motivation

This article argues that the NGO sector should prioritize translation as an anti‐racist practice because failing to tackle colonial language hierarchies replicates historic power structures. Aligned with the locally led approach to development, the article responds to calls for more research into the role of translation in shaping development outcomes, and answers direct appeals from NGO practitioners for translation glossaries in different languages to improve communication between development actors.

Purpose

We introduce a new participatory method for co‐producing translations of terms that community members deem important for their visions of “development” and social change. We contend that participatory translation fosters an anti‐racist approach to knowledge production by centring communities in the construction of meaning, which may encompass language and concepts outside the international development lexicon.

Approach and methods

The study was based on the principles of community‐based participatory research, and an Advisory Board of community members was instrumental in its design. The draft of the glossary was produced in two three‐day participatory workshops in Lilongwe and Zomba, Malawi. These were attended by 36 people representing potential user groups of the glossary.

Findings

The workshop participants created 385 translations of development terms, including 70 translations that are not listed in the Oxford Chichewa–English Dictionary. They also engaged in critically reflective discussions that challenged dominant discourses of development. We argue that participatory translation is a tool to transcend the language barrier in a way that simultaneously subverts conventional power hierarchies and offers access to different ways of understanding the world.

Policy implications

NGOs in different linguistic and geographical contexts could adopt participatory translation activities in the early stages of forming relationships with communities and local partners to build trust and common understanding. In line with an anti‐racist approach, this would help to combat systemic linguistic exclusion, which exacerbates other forms of disadvantage.
In vitro effects of wound‐dressings on key wound healing properties of dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Peltier S. , Adib Y. , Nicosia L. , Ly Ka So S. , Da Silva C. , Serror K. , Duciel L. , Proust R. , Mimoun M. , Bagot M. , Bensussan A. , des Courtils C. , Michel Laurence
Published: May 2024

Healing of complex wounds requires dressings that must, at least, not hinder and should ideally promote the activity of key healing cells, in particular fibroblasts. This in vitro study assessed the effects of three wound‐dressings (a pure Ca2+ alginate: Algostéril®, a Ca2+ alginate + carboxymethylcellulose: Biatain alginate® and a polyacrylate impregnated with lipido‐colloid matrix: UrgoClean®) on dermal fibroblast activity. The results showed the pure calcium alginate to be non‐cytotoxic, whereas the other wound‐dressings showed moderate to strong cytotoxicity. The two alginates stimulated fibroblast migration and proliferation, whereas the polyacrylate altered migration and had no effect on proliferation. The pure Ca2+ alginate significantly increased the TGF‐β‐induced fibroblast activation, which is essential to healing. This activation was confirmed by a significant increase in Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and a higher collagen production. The other dressings reduced these fibroblast activities. The pure Ca2+ alginate was also able to counteract the inhibitory effect of NK cell supernatants on fibroblast migration. These in vitro results demonstrate that tested wound‐dressings are not equivalent for fibroblast activation. Only Algostéril was found to promote all the fibroblast activities tested, which could contribute to its healing efficacy demonstrated in the clinic.
On the elastic–plastic behaviors of centrifugal steam compressor impeller under cyclic thermomechanical loading
Authors: Li Jianxun , Wang Xiaoxiao , Ma Zhiyuan , Lu Kai , Chen Haofeng , Wang Weiqiang
Published: May 2024

In this paper, the cyclic elastic–plastic behaviors of the centrifugal steam compressor impeller (CSCI) structure under practical operating conditions are discussed employing the linear matching method (LMM). The three‐stage strategy of the LMM is employed to determine the shakedown and ratchet boundaries by conducting a series of iterative direct steady cyclic analysis, and based on this, the load regions corresponding to different types of damage behavior that may occur during the operation are identified. Computational results reveal slight contraction in the structural response diagram when considering actual material constitutive relationships, compared to ideal elastic–plastic models. Meanwhile, by integrating the unified ratchet and fatigue program with fatigue experimental data, a series of constant low‐cycle fatigue life curves has been presented for different service conditions. Furthermore, a comparison with detailed step‐by‐step inelastic analyses confirms the applicability and great efficiency of the LMM in practical engineering problems.
Impact of persistently high sea surface temperatures on the rhizobiomes of Zostera marina in a Baltic Sea benthocosms
Authors: Aires Tânia , Cúcio Catarina , Brakel Janina , Weinberger Florian , Wahl Martin , Teles Ana , Muyzer Gerard , Engelen Aschwin H.
Published: May 2024

Persistently high marine temperatures are escalating and threating marine biodiversity. The Baltic Sea, warming faster than other seas, is a good model to study the impact of increasing sea surface temperatures. Zostera marina, a key player in the Baltic ecosystem, faces susceptibility to disturbances, especially under chronic high temperatures. Despite the increasing number of studies on the impact of global warming on seagrasses, little attention has been paid to the role of the holobiont. Using an outdoor benthocosm to replicate near‐natural conditions, this study explores the repercussions of persistent warming on the microbiome of Z. marina and its implications for holobiont function. Results show that both seasonal warming and chronic warming, impact Z. marina roots and sediment microbiome. Compared with roots, sediments demonstrate higher diversity and stability throughout the study, but temperature effects manifest earlier in both compartments, possibly linked to premature Z. marina die‐offs under chronic warming. Shifts in microbial composition, such as an increase in organic matter‐degrading and sulfur‐related bacteria, accompany chronic warming. A higher ratio of sulfate‐reducing bacteria compared to sulfide oxidizers was found in the warming treatment which may result in the collapse of the seagrasses, due to toxic levels of sulfide. Differentiating predicted pathways for warmest temperatures were related to sulfur and nitrogen cycles, suggest an increase of the microbial metabolism, and possible seagrass protection strategies through the production of isoprene. These structural and compositional variations in the associated microbiome offer early insights into the ecological status of seagrasses. Certain taxa/genes/pathways may serve as markers for specific stresses. Monitoring programs should integrate this aspect to identify early indicators of seagrass health. Understanding microbiome changes under stress is crucial for the use of potential probiotic taxa to mitigate climate change effects. Broader‐scale examination of seagrass–microorganism interactions is needed to leverage knowledge on host–microbe interactions in seagrasses.
Early impacts of marginal land‐use transition toMiscanthuson soil quality and soil carbon storage across Europe
Authors: Bertola Marta , Magenau Elena , Martani Enrico , Kontek Mislav , Ashman Chris , Jurišić Vanja , Lamy Isabelle , Kam Jason , Fornasier Flavio , McCalmont Jon , Trindade Luisa M. , Amaducci Stefano , Clifton‐Brown John , Kiesel Andreas , Ferrarini Andrea
Published: May 2024

Miscanthus, a C4perennial rhizomatous grass, is a low‐input energy crop suitable for marginal land, which cultivation can improve soil quality and promote soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. In this study, four promisingMiscanthushybrids were chosen to evaluate their short‐term potential, in six European marginal sites, to sequester SOC and improve physical, chemical, and biological soil quality in topsoil. Overall, no differences amongMiscanthushybrids were detected in terms of impacts on soil quality and SOC sequestration. SOC sequestration rate after 4 years was of +0.4 Mg C ha−1 year−1, but land‐use transition from former cropland or grassland showed contrasting SOC sequestration trajectories. In unfertilized marginal lands, cultivation of high‐yieldingMiscanthusgenotypes caused a depletion of K (−216 kg ha−1 year−1), followed by Ca (−56 kg ha−1 year−1), Mg (−102 kg ha−1 year−1) and to a lesser extent of N. On the contrary, the biological turnover of organic matter increased the available P content (+164 kg P2O5ha−1 year−1). SOC content was identified as the main driver of changes in biological soil quality. High input of labile plant C stimulated an increment of microbial biomass and enzymatic activity. Here, a novel approach was applied to estimate C input to soil from differentMiscanthusorgans. Despite the high estimated plant C input to soil (0.98 Mg C ha−1 year−1), with significant differences among sites andMiscanthushybrids, it was not identified as a driver of SOC sequestration. On the contrary, initial SOC and nutrients (N, P) content, as well as their elemental stoichiometric ratios with C, were the key factors controlling SOC dynamics. IntroducingMiscanthuson marginal lands impacts positively soil biological quality over the short term, but targeted fertilization plans are needed to secure crop yield over the long term as well as the C sink capacity of this perennial cropping system.
Geochronology and geochemistry of granitoids from northern Alxa, northwest China: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications
Authors: Wu Chunjiao , Wang Zhenyi , Zhang Jin , Liu Jianfeng , Zhang Beihang , Zheng Rongguo , Ma Jun , Hui Jie , Zhao Heng
Published: May 2024

Multiple branch oceans existed in the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO), but their closure times are in dispute and unclear, which constrains our understanding of the final closure time of the PAO and the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). This study focuses on the Permian plutons of the northern Alxa, which is located in the middle segment of the southern CAOB that recorded the final subduction history of the PAO. We performed the 1:50000 mapping, whole‐rock geochemistry, geochronology, and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic analysis and compiled the Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic compositions and whole‐rock geochemical data of igneous rocks from the northern Alxa. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating reveals the study plutons emplaced in the Early Permian (285–296 Ma). Whole‐rock geochemical data show the intrusion belongs to medium‐K calc‐alkaline peraluminous highly fractionated I‐type granite, enriched in Rb, K, Th, Pb, and depleted in Nb, Ta, Ti, Sr, and P elements, which suggest a subduction arc‐related setting and metaluminous to weak peraluminous parental magma. The weak negative εNd(t) (from −2.3 to −1.2), relatively high ISr (0.704772–0.708037) and depleted mantle model ages TDM (1.14–1.49 Ga), combining with weak negative to slightly positive εHf(t) (from −2.0 to +4.1) and crustal model ages TDMC (1.18–1.43 Ga), indicate that the parental magma might originate from remelting of the Mesoproterozoic lower crust and mixing with mantle‐derived materials. The field occurrence, deformation, and geochemical features, integrating with the compiled data and regional geology, show that the igneous rocks formed before or after the late Early Permian show different features in terms of deformation, zircon saturation temperatures, crustal thickness, potassium contents, and εHf(t) values. This might relate to the closure of the Yagan branch ocean of the PAO in northern Alxa.
2020 Klein Lecture—Investment and Subjective Uncertainty
Authors: Bloom Nicholas , Davis Steven J. , Foster Lucia , Ohlmacher Scott , Saporta‐Eksten Itay
Published: May 2024

A longstanding challenge in evaluating the impact of uncertainty on investment is obtaining measures of managers’ subjective uncertainty. We address this challenge by using a detailed survey measure of uncertainty collected by the U.S. Census Bureau for approximately 25,000 manufacturing plants. We find three key results. First, investment is negatively associated with higher uncertainty. Second, uncertainty is also negatively related to employment growth and overall shipments growth, which highlights the damaging impact of uncertainty. Third, rental capital and temporary workers are positively correlated with uncertainty, demonstrating that businesses switch from less flexible to more flexible inputs under uncertainty.
Balanoposthitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus within a brief duration: A case report
Authors: Rajkumar Kanish Akash , Nagapavani Kothapalli , Kumar Mudigubba Manoj
Published: May 2024

This case report documents the rapid onset of balanoposthitis in a 58‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus just 2 weeks prior. The patient presented with acute penile pain, swelling, and purulent discharge, necessitating circumcision due to balanoposthitis and phimosis. The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus 14 days prior highlights the potential for rapid development of balanoposthitis despite practicing proper hygiene. This underscores the importance of healthcare practitioners proactively examining the penile area in newly diagnosed diabetic patients to prevent balanoposthitis and, conversely, screening patients with balanoposthitis for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Evaluation of near‐infrared digital imaging transillumination compared with bitewing radiography for proximal caries detection in children
Authors: Patel Jilen , Vannemreddy Akhil , Goh Yee Jing , Francis Youssef , Anthonappa Robert
Published: May 2024

Background

Limitations in traditional caries detection tools have driven the development of alternatives methods, focused on the early lesion detection such as near‐infrared digital imaging transillumination (NIDIT).

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of NIDIT compared with bitewing radiography (BWR) in the detection of interproximal carious lesions in children.

Design

A retrospective audit of data from children who had NIDIT, BWR and intraoral photographs was conducted. Carious lesions were scored on a tooth surface level with BWR acting as the primary reference for comparison. Accuracy was determined using multi‐class area under the curve (AUC), and correlation was determined using Fleiss' Kappa.

Results

Data from 499 tooth surfaces involving 44 children were included in this study. The average age across the participants was 86 months (~7 years) with an average dmft (decayed, missing and filled teeth in primary dentition) of 5.29. Multi‐class AUC comparing NIDIT to BWR was 0.70. The correlation between NIDIT and BWR was moderate (0.43), whereas the correlation between photographic examination and BWR was 0.30, which is fair.

Conclusion

When compared to BWR, NIDIT showed a high specificity but a low sensitivity for proximal caries detection in primary teeth.
Blockchain adoption strategy in a platform dual‐channel supply chain with risk‐averse sellers
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Lou Zhenkai , Hou Fujun , Yan Yan
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates blockchain technology (BT) adoption strategy in a platform dual‐channel supply chain, wherein the supplier establishes a direct selling channel (DC) in addition to the existing reselling channel (RC) of the e‐retailer. Both the supplier and the e‐retailer are risk‐averse, and they have access to consumers through a common online platform. The online platform possesses the capability to introduce BT and can opt to introduce it to neither, one (DC or RC) or both channels. Game models for the four strategies are developed, and the corresponding equilibrium outcomes are obtained using backward induction. Our analysis reveals that when competition intensity is high and both perceived risk aversion level and BT's unit cost are low, the online platform prefers only DC with adopting BT. Otherwise, it prefers both channels with adopting BT. The supplier shares the same preference as the online platform for BT adoption strategy. Interestingly, the e‐retailer prefers only DC with adopting BT only when BT's unit cost is high; otherwise, she prefers solely RC with adopting BT. Furthermore, we enhance the basic model by modifying parameter configurations and the sequence game, and verify that our main findings in these extensions remain robust.
Thirst symptoms in patients with heart failure: An integrative review
Authors: Zheng Yingjun , Chen Qiongshan , Xia Chengyu , Liu Hui
Published: May 2024

Aim

To identify the risk and protective factors affecting thirst symptoms in patients with heart failure (HF) and intervention strategies to alleviate thirst symptoms.

Design

An integrative review.

Methods

A total of 61 articles were retrieved. Screening yielded a total of 21 articles which were appraised for quality. The quality of studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Data Sources

Ten electronic databases were searched in October 2023, including Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, Wiley, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang. In addition, we searched grey databases and manually searched reference lists of included and relevant reviews.

Results

In total, 1644 articles were retrieved, of which 21 were included. Eight studies addressed the factors. Six themes emerged as risk factors, including demographics, severity of disease, psycho‐environmental, medication, fluid restriction and homeostasis. Conversely, an increase in fluid intake, a high score of sodium restriction diet attitude and using ARB were identified as protective factors. Thirteen studies focus on intervention strategies. Five unique intervention strategies were identified, including Traditional Chinese Medicine, mint‐related interventions, sour‐flavour interventions, improved water restriction and cluster nursing strategy.

Conclusion

This finding identified the factors associated with thirst symptoms in patients with HF, especially concerning the elaboration of risk factors, which suggests that healthcare professionals should focus on the risk factors for thirst in patients with HF and consciously avoid the occurrence of these risk factors. Additionally, there are considerable cultural differences in interventions, therefore, to increase adherence during symptom management, careful selection of appropriate intervention strategies based on the requirements and preferences of patients is required. While there are some therapies, there aren't enough high‐quality empirical investigations. Thus, multi‐centre, large‐sample studies are also required in subsequent research to demonstrate the interventions' effectiveness.

Implications for the Profession

The nurse must notice the symptoms of thirst in HF to slow down the disease's progression and improve the patient's physical and emotional well‐being.

Reporting Method

The review complies with the PRISMA guidelines for reporting systematic reviews.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
A behavioural description of meaningful moments of interaction between people with profound intellectual disabilities and support staff
Authors: Penninga Wieneke , Hendriks Alexander H. C. , van Bakel Hedwig J. A. , Embregts Petri J. C. M.
Published: May 2024

Background

It can be challenging for support staff to develop meaningful moments of interaction with people with profound intellectual disabilities. Gathering information on observable behaviour characterising such meaningful moments is expected to be beneficial.

Method

Three staff‐client dyadic interactions were videotaped for 30 min. During reviewing the recording, staff members indicated which moments of interaction they experienced as meaningful. Per dyad, one meaningful moment was microanalytically coded via a developed coding system, and behaviourally described.

Results

The coding system reliably coded behaviour at the micro level. Exploratory results indicated that looking, movement and touching were most shown, and that staff displayed this behaviour more frequently than their clients. Both exhibited behaviours substantially more often during meaningful moments than at their onset.

Discussion

People with profound intellectual disabilities are more engaged during meaningful moments of interaction compared to at their onset. In daily practice, cultivating circumstances increasing their involvement is important.
A comparative assessment of drying kinetics, energy consumption, mathematical modeling, and multivariate analysis of Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) leaves
Authors: Rout Rahul Kumar , Kumar Ankit , Rao Pavuluri Srinivasa
Published: May 2024

In the current study, four drying methods, namely microwave (MD), vacuum (VD), hot air (HAD), and freeze drying (FD), were compared for drying of Indian borage (Plectranthus amboinicus) leaves for optimum energy consumption and bioactive compounds' retention. Effective moisture diffusivity for MD was about 100 times more than that of HAD and VD. MD at 600 W showed minimum specific energy consumption (4.04 kWh/kg), proving the most suitable drying condition. Moreover, it showed desirable energy values in terms of maximum specific moisture extraction rate (0.265 kg moisture/kWh) and maximum drying efficiency (15.85%). Bioactive compounds' retention in terms of phenols, antioxidants, and flavonoids was better in MD, followed by FD. Mathematical modeling of drying kinetics data revealed proper fitting of three drying models, namely, Aghbashlo, Modified Page‐II, and Page model, for explaining the drying behavior of Indian borage leaves. Multivariate characterization using principal component analysis revealed that FD and MD had a strong effect on bioactive compounds' retention, while VD and HAD showed least effect. Hence, based on optimum energy utilization and bioactive compounds' retention, MD at 600 W was selected for efficient drying of Indian borage leaves.

Practical applications

Drying of Indian borage leaves using microwave drying (MD) resulted in quicker drying with retention of bioactive compounds and color of dried leaves. The energy aspects were also favorable for industrial scale‐up. With due consideration to capacity enhancement in MD, it can prove to be a promising source of drying for culinary, medicinal, and aromatic plants.
Inhibition of reactive oxygen species production accompanying alternatively activated microglia by risperidone in a mouse ketamine model of schizophrenia
Authors: Fujikawa Risako , Yamada Jun , Maeda Shoichiro , Iinuma Kyoko M. , Moriyama Genki , Jinno Shozo
Published: May 2024

Recent studies have highlighted the potential involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and microglia, a major source of ROS, in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In our study, we explored how the second‐generation antipsychotic risperidone (RIS) affects ROS regulation and microglial activation in the hippocampus using a mouse ketamine (KET) model of schizophrenia. KET administration resulted in schizophrenia‐like behaviors in male C57BL/6J mice, such as impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response and hyper‐locomotion. These behaviors were mitigated by RIS. We found that the gene expression level of an enzyme responsible for ROS production (Nox2), which is primarily associated with activated microglia, was lower in KET/RIS‐treated mice than in KET‐treated mice. Conversely, the levels of antioxidant enzymes (Ho‐1 and Gclc) were higher in KET/RIS‐treated mice. The microglial density in the hippocampus was increased in KET‐treated mice, which was counteracted by RIS. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three morphological subtypes of microglia. In control mice, most microglia were resting‐ramified (type I, 89.7%). KET administration shifted the microglial composition to moderately ramified (type II, 44.4%) and hyper‐ramified (type III, 25.0%). In KET/RIS‐treated mice, type II decreased to 32.0%, while type III increased to 34.0%. An in vitro ROS assay showed that KET increased ROS production in dissociated hippocampal microglia, and this effect was mitigated by RIS. Furthermore, we discovered that a NOX2 inhibitor could counteract KET‐induced behavioral deficits. These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of ROS production by RIS may play a crucial role in ameliorating schizophrenia‐related symptoms. Moreover, modulating microglial activation to regulate ROS production has emerged as a novel avenue for developing innovative treatments for schizophrenia.

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