bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodology for Pediatric Head Computed Tomography Image Segmentation and Volumetric Calculation Using a Tablet Computer and Stylus Pen
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroaki , Shimada Makoto , Takemoto Osamu , Chiba Yasuyoshi
Published: December 2024

Purpose This study presents a MATrix LABoratory (MATLAB)-based methodology for calculating intracranial volumes from head computed tomography (CT) data and compares it with established methods.
Methods Regions of interest (ROI) were manually segmented on CT images using a stylus pen, facilitated by mirroring a computer desktop onto a tablet. The volumetric process involved three main steps: (1) calculating the volume of a single voxel, (2) counting the total number of voxels within the segmented ROI, and (3) multiplying this voxel count by the single-voxel volume. This method was applied to 83 pediatric head CT scans from patients with minor head trauma, and the volumetric results were compared with those obtained from OsiriX.
ResultsA paired t-test revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the volumes obtained with our MATLAB-based method and those from OsiriX. However, the volumes obtained by our method were only 0.32% higher than the OsiriX measurements.
ConclusionAlthough a statistically significant difference was found between our method and OsiriX, the discrepancy is minimal and practically negligible. The MATLAB code provided in this study may serve as a valuable tool for beginners in radiological research.
Efficacy of ileus tube combined with gastrografin in treating post- cesarean ileus
Authors: Zhang Ziqiu , Li Zhaoxue , Shao Guoqing , Liu Shengzhong , Du Hongtao , Li Dechun
Published: December 2024

Aim
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an ileus tube combination with gastrografin for treating post-cesarean ileus.
Method
A retrospective case series study was performed. Patients who underwent ileus tube insertion in combination with gastrografin for post-cesarean ileus at Xuzhou Central Hospital between April 1, 2014, and April 30, 2024, were included. The primary outcome indicators included the catheterization success rate, symptom relief rate, obstruction release rate, catheterization complications, and recurrence results during follow-up.
Results
This study involved 17 patients with post-cesarean ileus, of whom 12 underwent transnasal ileus tube catheterization, and 5 underwent transanal ileus tube catheterization. The catheterization success rate and symptomatic relief for 17 patients was 100% (17/17), the blockage alleviation rate was 94.12% (16/17), the incidence of minor problems was 23.53% (4/17), and the incidence of serious complications was 0% (0/17). Obstruction relief was not achieved in 1 patient because of an intestinal perforation detected during ileus tube catheterization, with a subsequent referral for emergency surgery. Seventeen patients were followed up, and one patient experienced a recurrence of intestinal obstruction (5.88%), which was relieved by conservative treatment. No further obstruction recurrences were observed during the follow-up period.
Conclusion
The ileus tube combined with gastrografin is safe and effective in treating post-cesarean ileus. It has a low recurrence rate and minor complications. It is a viable approach for the conservative treatment of post-cesarean ileus.
WITHDRAWN: Unveiling the continuum of acute-on-chronic liver failure: phenotypic insights into severity and outcomes
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hu Jiaxuan , Qiu Shaotian , Bian Jiale , Gao Aimin , Liu Fang , Zhao Caiyan , Zhang Liaoyun , Ren Wanhua , Xin Shaojie , Chen Yu , Duan Zhongping , Han Tao
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:
Recently, Kulkarni and Sarin introduced a novel framework for the Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) continuum, ranging from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) pre-ACLF stage to the more severe EASL-Chronic Liver Failure (EASL-CLIF) ACLF stage, illustrating progressive severity. This study aims to evaluate and validate phenotypic classifications and outcomes across the ACLF spectrum, focusing on Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and alcohol-related aetiologies.
Methods:
A multi-center retrospective analysis of 955 patients classified into EASL pre-ACLF and EASL-CLIF ACLF subgroups was conducted. Clinical features, outcomes, and prognostic accuracy of scoring systems for 28-day and 90-day mortality were compared.
Results:
Of 955 enrolled patients, 659 (69.01%) had HBV-related and 296 (30.99%) had alcohol-related chronic liver disease. Across the entire study population and within HBV and alcohol stratified groups, 28-day and 90-day mortality rates were significantly higher in EASL-CLIF ACLF patients compared to EASL pre-ACLF patients. The MELD-sodium (MELD-Na) score was a more accurate predictor of 28-day and 90-day mortality for EASL pre-ACLF patients, whereas the Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium ACLF (CLIF-C ACLF) and Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B-ACLF II (COSSH-ACLF II) scores were superior for EASL-CLIF ACLF patients.
Conclusions:
The proposed phenotypic classification for the ACLF continuum, stratified by severity stages, effectively distinguishes clinical features and prognosis across different aetiologies. Distinct prognostic scoring systems demonstrated different emphases at each stage of ACLF, thereby enabling more accurate prognostic predictions and advancing treatment strategies.
Autosomal dominant macular dystrophy associated with THRB: identification of new families and variants
Authors: Fernández-Caballero Lidia , Blanco-Kelly Fiona , Swafiri Saoud Tahsin , Martín-Mérida María Inmaculada , Quinodoz Mathieu , Ullah Mukhtar , Carreño Ester , Martin-Gutierrez María Pilar , García-Sandoval Blanca , Minguez Pablo , Rivolta Carlo , Corton Marta , Ayuso Carmen
Published: December 2024

THRBencodes thyroid hormone receptor β which produces two human isoforms (TRβ1 and TRβ2) by alternative splicing. The first THRB variant associated with autosomal dominant macular dystrophy (ADMD), NM_001354712.2:c.283+1G>A, was recently described. This study aims to refine the ophthalmologic phenotype, report a novel THRB variant, and investigate the impact of these splicing variants at the protein level.
THRBvariants were identified by re-analysis of next-generation sequencing data from the FJD database. Family segregation was performed using Sanger sequencing. Clinical data were collected from self-reported ophthalmic history questionnaires and ophthalmic exams. Functional splicing test was performed by in vitrominigene approach.
We identified 12 patients with ADMD from 3 families carrying variants in THRB. Two families carried the variant NM_001354712.2:c.283+1G>A, and one the novel variant NM_001354712.2:c.283G>A. Patients exhibited common ophthalmologic findings with disruption of subfoveal ellipsoid layers, and variable onset of symptoms. Splicing assays showed complete exon 5 skipping or a 6 bp deletion in both variants.
Our results support the association of THRBwith ADMD. The high intra-familial variability could be influenced by phenotype modifiers. Aberrant TRβ1/TRβ2 proteins could lead to a gain-of-function mechanism. Including THRB in inherited retinal dystrophy genetic panels could enhance diagnoses and clinical patient management.
From Research to Practice: Bridging the Implementation Gap of Tranexamic Acid use in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Pfister Robin M , Pfister Benji F , Hager Ronald Lee , Sandholtz Nathan , Abulafia Daniel , Bradshaw David
Published: December 2024

Background:
The use of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has been shown to effectively reduce total blood loss and transfusion rates in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this paper is to evaluate the implementation lag and clinical uptake of the use of TXA for primary TKA after publication of two landmark studies. Additionally, it assessed the efficacy of TXA use in TKA in reducing post operative blood transfusions and hospital length of stay (LOS).
Methods:
A total of 763 patients aged over 18 years of age underwent primary TKA at a level 4 metropolitan hospital in Australia between January 2011 and December 2017. Primary outcome measure was use of TXA at operative induction. Secondary outcome measures were post-operative blood transfusion, haemoglobin levels and in-hospital length of stay.
Results:
The rate of TXA uptake was ≥ 50% by April-June 2013, 1.5 years following landmark paper publication. TXA use was ≥90% by April-June 2015, equating to 3.5 years after landmark publication. For each additional year since publication, the odds that TXA was used in a TKA surgery increased by 254.3%, 95% CI (confidence interval) [195.2%, 334.1%].
There was a negative association between TXA use and blood transfusion rate (p < 0.001), while controlling for other variables. TXA use reduced the odds of blood transfusions occurring by 73.5%, 95% CI [35.8% and 89.8%]. Analysis showed that reduced LOS was seen even after controlling for post-operative blood transfusion (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
The implementation lag from research to clinical practice, using ≥90% TXA use in TKA as a proxy, was 3.5 years. The use of TXA reduced LOS and blood transfusion rate in TKA patients.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder due to temporal lobe porencephaly: a case report
Authors: Deng Gaoju , Cao Yuan , Qiu Changjian
Published: December 2024

Background: The functional and structural abnormalities of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortex have been reported to be associated with the neurobiological basis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD can also occur in the striatum damaging after brain infarction, which is called OCD caused by physical diseases. The relationship and mechanism between temporal lobe abnormalities and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are still unclear.
Case presentation: A young male with temporal lobe porencephalypresented with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The cognition of this OCD participant was not significantly impaired, and his social function was well maintained. After treatment with sertraline, aripiprazole, and fluvoxamine, he was improved but relapsed several times after drug withdrawal. However the effect was still maintained when the drugswas used again.
Conclusion: This is the first case report of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a OCD individual with left temporal lobe porencephaly. The possible relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and temporal lobe structural abnormalities needs to be further studied. The maintenance treatment and prognosis of organic obsessive-compulsive disorder also deserve further study.
Patient characteristics and influencing factors of CKD, CVD and their comorbidities in the middle-aged and elderly population in China
Authors: Fu Zhike , Gui Chuying , Deng Weitian , Zhou Xiaoshan , Li Huijie , Zhang Di , Wang Zan , Deng Yueyi
Published: December 2024

Background and aims:
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) are significant public health concerns with high morbidity and mortality. The relationship between CKD and CVD and their influencing factors in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people remains underexplored. We hypothesize that some socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, and physical condition factors significantly influence the prevalence and comorbidity of CKD and CVD.
Methods
We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), focusing on adults aged 45 and above. CKD stages were defined based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), while CVD status was determined through self-reported diagnosis. Factors considered in the analysis included socio-demographic variables (age, gender, household registration, education, marital status), lifestyle behaviors (smoking, drinking), and physical conditions (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids, serum uric acid).
Results
CVD risk begins in early stages of CKD in the Chinese population. Individuals with characteristics such as hypertension, diabetes, non-rural household registration, abnormal BMI, or low education levels are significantly more likely to develop CKD and its comorbidity with CVD. Both low and high BMI were associated with increased CKD and CVD risk, with low BMI linked to reduced CVD risk in CKD patients.
Conclusion
Socio-demographic and physical factors are critical in managing and preventing CKD and CVD comorbidities. Public health strategies should focus on non-rural and lower-educated populations in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people, and further research is needed to explore mechanisms and interventions.
Differential Gene Expression Analysis and identification of Mitophagy Hub Genes in Cerebral Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Huang Wenhui , Ye Weijia , Li Keshen
Published: December 2024

Cerebral ischaemic stroke (CIS) is a neurological disorder associated with high mortality and disability rates. Increasing evidence has indicated that mitophagy significantly influences the pathogenesis and outcome of CIS. The aim of the present study was to explore potential relevance of mitophagy-related differentially expressed genes (MRDEGs) associated with CIS.GSE22255, GSE58294, and mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the R software was used to identify the MRDEGs in CIS. Functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed to explore the role of MRDEGs in CIS, and then Cytoscape was utilized to investigate hub MRDEGs. Furthermore, Hub gene–miRNA and hub gene–TF (transcription factor) interaction networks were constructed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and immune cell infiltration were performed. A total of 4803 downregulated genes and 3975 upregulated genes were identified, and these genes were mainly enriched in the autophagy pathway, oxidative stress pathway, genotoxicity pathway, IL-1R pathway, hypoxia pathway, glycolysis pathway and IL-6 pathway. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that MRDEGs were enriched in several enriched terms related to the mitophagy pathway and the NF-κB signalling pathway. Protein‒protein interaction analysis revealed 9 hub genes, namely, CDC37, MAPK14, HDAC6, CSNK2A1, VDAC2, TRAP1, FUNDC1, CHCHD3, and MTX1. It was predicted that 128 transcription factors and 29 miRNAs might interact with the hub genes. ROC analysis revealed that the hub genes in the merged dataset had lower diagnostic value than did the genes in the normal and CIS sample groups. CIBERSORT analysis revealed that infiltration of monocyte- and mast cell-activated M2 macrophages were significantly different between patients with CIS and normal individuals. This study could provide new ideas for further elucidation of the pathogenesis of CIS in the future.
Green Synthesis of Imidazopyridine Tetracyclic Derivatives via the Groebke-Blackburn- Bienaymé Reaction Using Novel Functionalized Cellulose-Based Catalyst
Authors: Ghomi Minoo Khalili , Sayahi Mohammad Hosein , Esmkhani Maryam , Noori Milad , Hashempur Mohammad Hashem , Iraji Aida , Abedinifar Fahimeh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Javanshir Shahrzad
Published: December 2024

The widespread use of petroleum-based products has raised ecological and environmental concerns, leading to increased public interest in utilizing natural resources for the development of functional materials. Cellulose, derived from various biobased sources such as plants, biomass, and bacteria, is emerging as an ideal biomaterial with significant potential for diverse applications due to its efficient, scalable, and straightforward production methods. In this study, we fabricated a novel functionalized cellulose-based catalyst by modifying Pampas Plumes (Cortaderia selloana) with (3-Mercaptopropyl)triethoxysilane (MPTS) and chlorosulfonic acid. The resulting catalyst, termed Pampas@Si/SO3H, was characterized using a range of analytical techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer − Emmett − Teller (BET) analysis.The synthesized Pampas@Si/SO3H catalyst demonstrated high efficiency as a heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of imidazopyridine tetracyclic derivatives via the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé (GBB) reaction. This reaction involves cyclohexyl isocyanide, benzaldehyde derivatives, and various 2-aminopyridines. The advantages of this green synthesis protocol include low catalyst loading, short reaction times, stability, and recyclability for at least four reaction cycles.
Approximating exponentials of commutators by optimized product formulas
Authors: Casas Fernando , Escorihuela-Tomàs Alejandro , Casares Pablo A. Moreno
Published: December 2024

Trotter product formulas constitute a cornerstone quantum Hamiltonian simulation technique. However, the efficient implementation of Hamiltonian evolution of nested commutators remains an under explored area.In this work, we construct optimized product formulas of orders 3 to 6 approximating the exponential of a commutator of two arbitrary operators in terms of the exponentials of the operators involved. The new schemes require a reduced number of exponentials and thus provide more efficient approximations than other previouslypublished alternatives. They can also be used as basic methods in recursive procedures to increasethe order of approximation.We expect this research will improve the efficiency of quantum control protocols, as well as quantum algorithms such as the Zassenhaus-based product formula, Magnus operator-based time-dependent simulation, and product formula schemes with modified potentials.
RETRACTED: Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation in Multi-Constraint Edge Environments Using DRL
Authors: Zhang Junjie , Xiong Bing , Huang Zhiqin , Yu Zhengxin , Miao Wang , Chen Zheyi
Published: December 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Chronic Kidney Disease Early Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Alnokta Sarah , Alkuddsi Yanal , Aleinikovas Marius , Silinskas Benas , Almogdad Mohammad , Skema Mindaugas , Almukdad Manal
Published: December 2024

In the human body, the kidneys, play the important role of filtering wastes and toxic bodies from the blood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition in which the human kidneys are damaged and unable to filter the blood in a proper way. It is a nontransmissible disease that causes mortality of large numbers worldwide and is very expensive to properly detect and diagnose, therefore, CKD patients often reach its chronic stages, especially in countries with limited resources. Furthermore, CKD is a silent killer due to the lack of physical symptoms at the initial stage, but a steady loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) occurs over a period longer than three months. CKD is a fatal disease if left undetected as it leads to renal failure, in the worst cases. However, the early diagnosis of CDK can significantly reduce the mortality rate. Moreover, if CKD is predicted early and correctly, it results in an increased probability of successful treatment and prolongs the patient’s life. The advances in ML, in addition to predictive analytics, provide promising results which in turn prove the capability of prediction in CKD and beyond. The utilization of ML methods in nephrology enables the building of ML models to better detect the at-risk patients of CKD especially in primary care settings. The current study carries out a prediction-based method that helps in early detecting of CKD patients at the early stage. In this study, we utilize on of the boosting method, XGBoost to achieve a higher prediction accuracy for CKD. Various preprocessing steps are employed to achieve better prediction performance, along with suitable hyperparameter tuning and feature selection. We assessed the degree of importance of each feature in the dataset leading to CKD. The performance of the model was evaluated with accuracy. It attained 98% accuracy for training and testing sets. The way the research was done leads to the conclusion that recent improvements in machine learning, along with the help of predictive modeling, make for an interesting way to find new solutions that can then be used to test the accuracy of prediction in the field of kidney disease and beyond.
The length-of-stay associated with adequacy of empirical antimicrobial therapy – systematic reviews with meta-analysis
Authors: Merlos Fernando , Tuon Felipe Francisco
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Infections, particularly sepsis, require rapid initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy. Delays or inadequacies in therapy can significantly increase patient morbidity, mortality, and length of stay (LOS). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of appropriate versus inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy on LOS.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and MEDLINE for studies published between 2012 and 2024. Studies involving adult hospitalized patients with infections, assessment of antimicrobial adequacy based on microbiological cultures, and LOS data were included. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3, with LOS treated as a continuous variable and outcomes assessed through mean difference and 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Thirteen studies with a total of 4,572 participants met the inclusion criteria. The mean LOS for patients receiving appropriate therapy was significantly lower than for those receiving inadequate therapy (mean difference -2.07 days; 95% CI: -2.20, -1.95). This reduction in LOS was consistent across different infection sites, including bloodstream infections, sepsis, and intra-abdominal infections. Sensitivity analysis excluding a dominant study still showed a significant reduction in LOS. Additionally, appropriate therapy resulted in a reduced ICU LOS by -0.89 days (95% CI: -1.22, -0.57).
Conclusion: Adequate antimicrobial therapy significantly reduces LOS in hospitalized patients with infections. Early intervention and rapid microbiological diagnosis, especially for multidrug-resistant pathogens, are crucial to optimizing therapy. These findings support the integration of antimicrobial stewardship programs and rapid diagnostic tools to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burdens.
Understanding Global and Regional Homicide Variations: From Education to Governance.
Authors: Croci Gonzalo , Gomez Joel
Published: December 2024

Existing research on the causes of homicide often yields contradictory results, with limited studies focusing on regional contexts. While many analyses are cross-national at the global level, regional studies remain scarce despite critiques highlighting their significance. This study aims to address these gaps by analyzing factors influencing homicide rates globally and regionally, with a focus on the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe. We utilize panel regression analysis on a dataset spanning from 2012 to 2021, including variables such as inequality, unemployment, educational attainment, poverty, urbanization, government effectiveness, and corruption. The findings reveal that educational attainment and government effectiveness are significant determinants of homicide rates, particularly in the Americas, while corruption, poverty, and unemployment exert minimal influence. These results underscore the critical role of institutional effectiveness and education in mitigating violence and highlight the need for region-specific policy interventions. Word count: 8,299
Grey or Green: Investigating the Urban Rivers’ Landscapes along the Capital Cities of Western Balkans
Authors: Pilua Arjola , Hysa Artan , Kader Shuraik , Zejnilovic Emina , Tariq Aqil , Sestras Paul , Teqja Zydi
Published: December 2024

Urban watercourses are vital natural elements within cities that can provide multiple ecosystem services to society. However, rivers are under continuous urbanization pressures in developing urban areas like the post-socialist countries. We focus on the Western Balkans (WB) countries to assess the relationship between the urban rivers and the respective metropolitan capital areas. First, we analyze the land use and land cover (LULC) along the respective watercourse at five buffer distances. Our work relies on Urban Atlas data acquired from the European Environment Agency. According to our results the natural land surfaces share on the waterfronts range between 89% along Lana River (Tirana) and 22% along Miljacka River (Sarajevo). The green surfaces share along the Moraca River (Podgorica) and Vardar River (Skopje) are more constant along five buffer distances. We report the results of each case in detail and compare among the selected five developing European urban centers with respect to their unique socio-political background. Our findings highlight the importance of natural and semi-natural surfaces presence along the urban rivers in support of sustainable decision-making at multiple spatial and jurisdiction levels in the WB, which is a hotspot of political, economic, and urban transformation triggered by the EU membership aspirations.
Topical issues of formation transport and logistics infrastructure of Ukraine in the conditions of european integration and global challenges of today
Authors: Tyukhnenko Nataliya
Published: December 2024

The presented article is dedicated to the study of the transport and logistics infrastructure of Ukraine under the influence of globalization and integration challenges on the basis of finding ways of sustainable development to improve the quality of life of people (including taking into account the environmental component) and the efficiency of business processes. The issue of the essence of the transport and logistics infrastructure is mastered, its main components are systematized and characterized: technical, infrastructural, institutional, organizational and economic. The significance of the functioning of the transport-logistics system and transport-logistics centers, which were the first to be created in the developed market countries of the world, having shown their effectiveness, is proven. The importance, essence, main development goals and world experience of the operation of transport and logistics centers for their effective implementation in the logistics infrastructure of Ukraine are shown. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the LPI logistics efficiency index, which is calculated by the World Bank once every two years, the state of the transport and logistics infrastructure of Ukraine in comparison with other countries of the world has been determined. An analytical assessment of the dynamics of Ukraine's LPI in the period from 2010 to 2023 was carried out to understand the main obstacles to effective transport logistics. The priority directions for its improvement are outlined on the basis of advanced foreign experience, taking into account the detailed characteristics of infrastructural losses suffered by Ukraine as a result of the military aggression of the rf. The main advantages that a modern integrated multi-level transport and logistics infrastructure, built in the best traditions of the developed countries of the European Union and the world, gives to the country, region, city, and every settlement are presented. It was determined that globalization challenges increase the need for the formation of high-quality transnational, national, regional transport and logistics systems, which determines the importance of making effective management decisions and systematic managerial support in the transport industry of Ukraine.
E-WOM across digital channels: A comparison of e-commerce and social media impact on consumer purchase intentions
Authors: Rishad Faridi Mohammad , Malik Azam , Alam Khan Noor , Iqbal Asif , Khan Sania
Published: December 2024

This study analyzed by comparing the effect of e-WOM (electronic word-of-mouth) virtual shopping websites and e-WOM from respondents on social networks on users’ smartphone buying intentions. A research frame is established based on four e-WOM components: e-WOM source credibility, e-WOM source quality, e-WOM source attitude, and e-WOM source format toward the purchase intention of a smartphone. The effect of the independent variables was empirically tested using multiple regression analysis on the dependent variable of customer buying intention. The research was conducted in Uttar Pradesh, a province in India, with 362 respondents administering a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA (analysis of variance), and regression analysis were applied to interpret the source data. The results of regression factors had a strong statistical influence with a probability value of .000 and R2 of .358 according to the outcomes, suggesting that the framework described 35.8 proportion of the variance and that all the factors were major antecedents of buying intention. This study assists digital businesses in determining consumer buying trends through e-WOM on digital platforms. This study proposes a novel concept to understand how e-WOM affects customers’ buying intent from social networks and e-commerce portals.
AcknowledgmentThis study is supported via funding from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number PSAU/2024/R/1445.
Exploring multifractality in African stock markets: A multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis approach
Authors: Benbachir Soufiane
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the multifractal behavior of the six largest African stock markets, including the Johannesburg, Casablanca, Botswana, Nigerian, Egyptian, and Regional Stock Exchanges. Despite the growing significance of these markets in the global economy, there is limited understanding of their underlying dynamics, particularly regarding their multifractal properties. This lack of knowledge raises concerns about the informational efficiency of these markets, as traditional models may not adequately capture the complexities of price movements. To achieve the goals of the study, the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) method is applied to capture the multifractal dynamics, and shuffling and phase randomization techniques are performed to identify the sources of the multifractality of the six African stock markets. The empirical results, derived from the generalized Hurst exponents, Rényi exponents, and Singularity spectrum, show that all six stock markets display multifractal behavior, characterized by irregular and complex price movements that vary across different scales and timeframes. Additionally, the study finds that both long-term correlations and heavy-tailed distributions contribute to the observed multifractality. Long-term correlations lead to persistent price trends, challenging the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), while heavy tails increase market unpredictability by raising the likelihood of extreme events like crashes or booms. The findings have significant practical implications for stakeholders in African stock markets, enabling investors and portfolio managers to enhance risk assessment and develop effective trading strategies while helping market regulators improve efficiency and stability through appropriate policies. Financial institutions can also refine risk management frameworks to better account for extreme events.
The impact of digital platforms in tax administration services on local government tax revenues: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Mujiyati Mujiyati , Zulfikar Zulfikar , Witono Banu , Cahyo Utomo Ichsan
Published: December 2024

In Indonesia, digital platforms in tax administration services have been implemented for more than a decade. This study aims to investigate whether digital platforms for motor vehicle tax administration services can increase local government tax revenues. Then, it is continued by testing the moderating role of motor vehicle tax revenue targets and online service information. Data were collected from the Unit Penerimaan Pendapatan Daerah (UPPD) Central Java – Indonesia. Observations focused on motor vehicle tax services carried out during the 2018–2022 period in 37 district and city UPPDs. The analysis uses GLS regression, which was developed with modeling regression analysis (MRA). The study results show that implementation of digital platforms in motor vehicle tax administration services can increase local government tax revenues. This relationship will be further strengthened if there are online information services, both circular and standby. Further investigation results revealed that relying on tax revenue targets to strengthen the relationship between digital platforms in tax administration services and local government tax revenues is not viable.
AcknowledgmentThis study is supported by the Direktur Riset, Teknologi dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DRTPM) based on decree number 108/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2024 and contract number 007/LL6/PB/AL.04/2024, 196.43/A.3-III/LRI/VI/2024.
Penerapan Metode Audiolingual dalam Pembelajaran Keterampilan Menyimak Bahasa Arab secara Daring: Studi Kasus di SMPIT Adzkia Padang
Authors: Lestari Sri Indah , Yasmadi Yasmadi , Taufiqurrahman M.
Published: December 2024

This study aims to investigate the implementation of the audiolingual method in teaching Arabic listening skills at SMPIT Adzkia Padang during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through structured observations and in-depth interviews with eighth-grade students and Arabic language teachers. The findings reveal that the audiolingual method positively impacts students' listening skills, with nearly 90% of students being able to memorize, recall, and use the sentences or texts taught. However, online learning and time constraints posed challenges to the optimal application of this method. Teacher perceived the audiolingual method as less effective for online learning and suggested that lecture-based methods were more suitable for explaining theoretical concepts. The study also found that the Arabic learning guidebook needed to be aligned with the students' proficiency levels, which hindered the learning process. These findings provide educators with insights regarding the audiolingual method's strengths and limitations, emphasizing the importance of adapting teaching methods to the context and students' needs.
Wastewater microbiology: occurrence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the district wastewater system
Authors: Mohany Mohamed , Aslam Jawad , Ali Muhammad Adnan , Khattak Baharullah , Fozia Fozia , Ahmad Ijaz , Khan Muhammad Daud , Al-Rejaie Salim S. , Ziaullah Ziaullah , Milošević Marija
Published: December 2024

Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, pose a serious risk to human health because of antibiotic resistance. Wastewater serves as a reservoir for these bacteria, contributing to the evolution and transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains. The research aims to identify ESBL bacterium in wastewater samples from District Kohat. K. pneumoniae and E. coli were confirmed as ESBL-producing bacteria through a comprehensive array of diagnostic procedures, including Gram staining, biochemical analyses, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Fecal coliform count (FCC) analyses revealed varying microorganism levels. Both E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates showed ESBL enzyme expression, indicating antibiotic resistance. Resistance patterns included ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for both species. E. coli displayed higher sensitivity for chloramphenicol, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, and gentamicin. Ceftazidime minimum inhibitory concentration results showed E. coli's higher resistance. The study accentuates the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains, emphasizing the value of effective wastewater treatment. The study provides crucial insights into microbial characteristics, fecal contamination, ESBL production, and antibiotic resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, advocating for monitoring and mitigation strategies.
Caracterização dos sistemas ambientais dos municípios em colapso hídrico no estado da Paraíba
Authors: Sousa Ayrton Flavio Nascimento de , França Lorena Rayssa Cunha , Lacerda Mateus Clemente de , Batista Gabriele de Souza
Published: December 2024

O Semiárido Brasileiro, especialmente a Região Nordeste, enfrenta o fenômeno de secas, que tem seus efeitos adversos potencializados com a degradação da qualidade da água e gestão inadequada dos recursos hídricos. O estado da Paraíba apresenta o menor índice de disponibilidade hídrica per capita do Brasil, com classificação crítica. Assim, o estudo busca mapear e caracterizar os sistemas ambientais dos reservatórios que abastecem pequenos municípios da Paraíba: de Bananeiras/PB, Casserengue/PB, Esperança/PB, Picuí/PB, Pocinhos/PB, Remígio/PB e Solânea/PB. Utilizou-se ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto, de sistemas de informações sobre as bacias hidrográficas e e dados sobre qualidade da água, entre os anos de 2010 a 2020. A partir da análise dos dados, verificou-se que a redução de intensidade do regime pluviométrico associada a substituição de vegetação nativa por áreas de pastagem acarretou diversas consequências para o sistema ambiental dos municípios estudados, afetando o bem-estar e a qualidade da biota local. A recarga hídrica insuficiente alterou negativamente a qualidade da água nesses reservtórios, com destaque para o aumento da turbidez e do fósforo total. Desse modo, o trabalho ressalta a importância de práticas sustentáveis e de uma gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos para garantir a sustentabilidade a longo prazo dos sistemas ambientais locais.
Efeitos de agentes naturais na qualidade de manteiga de garrafa
Authors:   , Maia Keliane da Silva
Published: December 2024

Por ser um alimento rico em lipídios, a manteiga de garrafa pode desenvolver sabor e odor indesejáveis, mediante a deterioração oxidativa, além de reduzir seu valor nutricional, pela oxidação de ácidos graxos polinsaturados. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se investigar o uso de agentes naturais no controle oxidativo de manteiga de garrafa, agregandolhe valor e funcionalidade, pela incorporação de agentes bioativos, e pelas mudanças sensoriais e nutricionais diferenciadas. Para isso, o presente estudo foi constituído de dois experimentos distintos, sendo eles: Experimento I: Qualidade e estabilidade de manteiga de garrafa enriquecida com extrato de pimenta-do-reino. Experimento II: Estabilidade oxidativa e qualidade sensorial de manteiga de garrafa defumada. A produção da manteiga de garrafa, do extrato de pimenta-do-reino e o processo de defumação foram realizadas em escala laboratorial. Em ambos os experimentos, foram realizados testes de estabilidade acelerada, pelo teste de estufa, nas temperaturas de 60 °C e 110 °C, simulando o armazenamento ambiente e a cocção, respectivamente. A oxidação foi monitorada pela determinação do índice de peróxido (IP) e das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), nas amostras armazenadas a 60 °C e a 110 °C, e pelo índice de acidez e perfil de ácidos graxos trans apenas para as amostras armazenadas a 110 °C. Avaliou-se também a segurança microbiológica pela contagem total de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos viáveis (UFC/g) e o número mais provável (NMP/g) de coliformes a 35 °C e 45 °C. Na avaliação sensorial, foram aplicado os testes afetivos de aceitação e intenção de compra. Determinou-se os índices de qualidade nutricional (Aterogenicidade e Trombogenicidade) das manteigas enriquecidas com extrato de pimenta-do-reino e a segurança das manteigas defumadas, pela presença de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (HPA’s), potencialmente carcinogênico. Todas as amostras apresentaram boa aceitação, com índice de aceitabilidade acima de 70% para todos os atributos avaliados e resultados microbiológicos dentro do limite estabelecido na legislação. Não houve elevação nos percentuais de ácidos graxos trans. A adição de extrato de pimenta do reino reduziu os índices de Aterogenicidade e Trombogenicidade da manteiga de garrafa. A defumação não produziu HPA’s. A adição de extrato de pimenta-do-reino e o processo de defumação, melhoram a estabilidade oxidativa da manteiga de garrafa.
Características morfofisiológicas ruminais, alterações hepáticas e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes teores de óleo residual de fritura
Authors:   , Teófilo Tiago da Silva
Published: December 2024

O uso de produtos alternativos na alimentação de ruminantes pode apresentar características benéficas, tanto do ponto de vista econômico, quanto ambiental. A suplementação de ovinos com óleo residual de fritura (ORF), como estratégia de aumentar o aporte energético dietético pode modular as características da morfofisiologia ruminal, bem como do metabolismo hepático e da carne desses animais. Com isso, objetivou-se avaliar as características morfofisiológicas do rúmen, bem como as eventuais alterações hepáticas e o perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de ovinos em terminação alimentados com diferentes níveis de ORF. Para isso, 24 ovinos, machos, sem padrão racial definidos, foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (seis carneiros por tratamento). Os animais foram mantidos a pasto do nascimento até 120 dias e logo após confinados por 60 dias, onde foram submetidos a uma das dietas experimentais, que consistiram em diferentes níveis de inclusão do ORF à dieta (0, 3, 6 e 9%) com base na matéria seca. A suplementação com ORF não influenciou na espessura do epitélio, bem como no índice mitótico. No entanto, animais suplementados com 9% do ORF apresentaram um tamanho de papilas reduzido. O incremento dietético do ORF (6 e 9%) proporcionou um aumentou nos tempos de redução do azul de metileno, sedimentação e flotação no fluido ruminal. O acréscimo da suplementação com ORF promoveu um aumento das lesões hepáticas microscopicamente, acompanhado de uma redução da deposição de glicogênio no parênquima hepático. A carne dos animais alimentados com 9% de inclusão do óleo apresentou valores menores do ácido oleico (C18:1), quando comparados com o grupo controle. Os animais do grupo controle, apresentaram um menor valor do ácido αlinolênico (C18:3), quando comparados com os demais grupos. Não foram observadas diferenças nos índices trombogênico e aterogênico. A inclusão de óleo residual de fritura em níveis elevados pode gerar alterações nos padrões de fermentação, bem como na mucosa ruminal e no parênquima hepático, não refletindo no entanto em mudanças substanciais no perfil de ácidos graxos da carne dos animais, constituindo uma alternativa para o aproveitamento desse resíduo da indústria alimentar, desde que respeitados os limites de inclusão
Qualidade da carne bovina submetida à marinação com própolis verde, vermelha e marrom
Authors:   , Assis Ana Paula Pinheiro de
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de marinados enriquecidos com

extratos das própolis verde, vermelha e marrom sobre as características de qualidade da carne

bovina ao longo de 12 dias de armazenamento refrigerado (4°C ± 1°). Utilizaram-se porções

do contrafilé (Longissimus dorsi) marinadas com água destilada (controle), marinadas com

própolis verde (MGP), própolis vermelha (MRP) e própolis marrom (MBP). Para as análises

microbiológicas as amostras foram submetidas à determinação de microorganismos

mesófilos, psicrotróficos, psicrófilos e salmonella spp. Foram avaliados os parâmetros físicoquímicos

de pH, cor (L* a* b*), capacidade de retenção de água (CRA), perda de peso na

cocção (PPC), força de cisalhamento (FC), umidade, cinza, proteína, lipídeos e a oxidação

lipídica. As análises foram feitas em triplicata nos tempos: 0 3, 6, 9 e 12 dias. Para a análise

sensorial foram realizados os testes de aceitação e intenção de comprar. As análises

microbiológicas demonstraram que as amostras atenderam aos padrões microbiológicos para

carne in natura, não foi detectada a presença de Salmonella sp. em nenhuma das amostras

durante o armazenamento refrigerado. Para os valores de pH, as amostras marinadas com o

MRP mantiveram o pH aceitável para consumo. O MRP e MBP oferecem uma proteção que

evita perdas, mostrando valores de CRA de 74,53 e 71,77%, respectivamente no 12° dia de

armazenamento. O MGP apresentou menor perda de peso na cocção no 12° dia de

armazenamento e também mostrou menores valores de força de cisalhamento. As amostras

MGP e MBP apresentaram menores alterações nos valores de luminosidade. Os extratos

mantiveram os valores de umidade, cinza, proteína e lipídeos estáveis, e retardaram a

oxidação lipídica durante todo o período de estocagem. Quanto ao teste sensorial, a marinação

de menor aceitação foi a MRP por apresentar sabor e odor forte. A intenção de compra por

partes dos julgadores mostrou que a carne MBP apresentou maior percentual de intenção de

compra (70%). A própolis vermelha demonstrou potencial uso como conservante de

alimentos, mas apresenta sabor forte e desagradável que altera as características sensoriais. A

carne marinada com a própolis marrom apresentou maior intenção de compra pelos

avaliadores, mostrando também maiores notas no teste de aceitação. O uso dos extratos

mostrou capacidade antioxidante e antimicrobiana preservando assim as características físicoquímicas

e microbiológicas da carne e a marinação com o extrato da própolis marrom foi a

mais aceita por parte dos provadores
Exploring the Lived Experiences of Clinical Educators: Challenges, Motivations, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Azhar Farah , Adnan Nooreen , Ahmed Lubna , Rubaba Azim Syeda
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

This study examines the factors contributing to the shortage of medical doctors teaching medical students despite their crucial role in training the
future medical workforce.

Methods:

To analyze the factors behind the lack of medical doctors in the training of medical students, we used ‘phenomenology’ to understand clinical
educators' lived experiences and their constructed meanings. Within the domain of phenomenology, we applied hermeneutic (interpretive)
phenomenology. The experiences of eight clinical educators at the Gulf Medical University were explored through interviews and analyzed using
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and Socio-Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT).

Results:

The findings revealed that entry into medical education often occurred serendipitously due to inadequate career counseling and the undervaluation
of the field. Acquiring a postgraduate medical education qualification in medical education enhanced one’s professional life and fostered a sense of
identity as a clinical educator. Key motivators included a passion for the field, student interaction, support from colleagues, and an encouraging
working environment. Clinical educators faced challenges, such as the field's low value, vague professional identity, delays in promotion,
specifically in UAE, low income, and insufficient dedicated teaching time. Coping strategies involved cultivating a positive work environment and
maintaining optimism. Growing awareness and a positive outlook for medical education were noted.

Conclusion:

This study uncovered the underlying issues faced by clinical educators through their lived experiences. To change the status quo, we propose
facilitating medical students and young doctors in joining this field early in their careers through strong career counseling and advocating clear
entry and progression pathways. Young medical educators should be facilitated by providing an encouraging environment, acknowledging their
medical education-related qualifications, and improving remuneration.