bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONFLITOS PELO USO DAS ÁGUAS NO BAIXO RIO TOCANTINS: ANÁLISE DE TENDÊNCIAS
Authors: Montoya Andrés Danilo Velástegui , Lima Aline Maria Meiguins de , Rocha Edson José Paulino da , Pereira Filho Augusto José
Published: April 2019

Nas próximas décadas, a bacia hidrográfica Tocantins-Araguaia será uma das áreas mais promissoras para a expansão da economia Brasileira. Neste contexto, o melhor aproveitamento do potencial hídrico é essencial para o desenvolvimento local e regional dos municípios e estados contidos nesta bacia. As usinas hidroelétricas são potenciais alternativas para a geração de energia. Não obstante, estes empreendimentos acarretam vários problemas, dentre eles, estão os conflitos entre os usuários de cursos de água compartilhados entre estados e municípios. Este trabalho analisa os potenciais conflitos pelo uso de recursos hídricos com a geração de energia elétrica na bacia hidrográfica do Baixo Tocantins. Os dados socioeconômicos de usos múltiplos consuntivos ou não dos recursos hídricos e o aproveitamento energético da região foram analisados por meio da matriz de correlação e análise de componentes principais. Os resultados sugerem que há correlação entre o consumo de água médio per capita e o setor de serviços, diferentemente do que acontece nos setores de agropecuária e aquicultura. A correlação entre potencial de navegação e o PIB per capita é significativa, e menor entre indicadores socioeconômicos e índice de Gini. Por fim, o município de Tucuruí é fortemente influenciado pela sua Usina Hidrelétrica (UHE) e respectivas estruturas complementares tais como eclusas para navegação.
TERRITORIALIDADE, ORGANIZAÇÃO SOCIAL E GOVERNANÇA AMBIENTAL NA RESERVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL IGAPÓ AÇU (AMAZONAS, BRASIL)
Authors: Rezende Marília Gabriela Gondim , Fraxe Therezinha De Jesus Pinto , Witkoski Antonio Carlos
Published: April 2019

As Unidades de Conservação (UC) são unidades territoriais delimitadas pelo Estado para fins de conservação e/ou preservação ambiental. Atualmente, o estado do Amazonas vem se destacando na criação de UC, sendo o principal estratagema utilizado para a contenção do desmatamento e para a conservação da biossociodiversidade. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo foi compreender as formas de organização social e seus desdobramentos territoriais na confluência da governança da RDS Igapó Açu, localizada no Amazonas. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram aplicados formulários em 100% das famílias residentes na RDS e realizadas oficinas participantes com as comunidades envolvidas. Os dados obtidos por meio dos formulários foram sistematizados no Programa Excel para a geração de gráficos. Além dos procedimentos metodológicos supracitados, realizou-se levantamentos de dados nas instituições envolvidas direta e/ou indiretamente com as organizações sociais da RDS Igapó Açu. Pode-se inferir, após a análise dos dados, que as organizações sociais têm apresentado função central na RDS Igapó Açu, pois 67% das famílias participam de atividades das diferentes formas de organização social. A igreja é uma das principais organizações sociais atuante na UC, com 43% de participação das famílias, seguida da Associação de Moradores (ASSAM) e do Conselho Gestor. A participação social, nessas organizações, modifica e recria o cotidiano, a partir do fortalecimento dos símbolos, perpassado geracionalmente, influenciando, significativamente, na constituição da governança ambiental desta UC. O ordenamento territorial desta unidade é resultado da imbricação entre os diferentes grupos sociais que territorializam os espaços voltados à conservação ambiental, de modo que a distribuição dos objetos espaciais está intimamente ligada às diferentes territorialidades existentes.
AVALIAÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS PROVENIENTES DA INSTALAÇÃO DO COMPLEXO INDUSTRIAL E PORTUÁRIO DE SUAPE SOBRE SUA HINTERLÂNDIA
Authors: Alves Cavalcanti Silva Elisabeth Regina , Melo José Gustavo Da Silva , Ferreira Johnny Mayron Santana , Galvíncio Josicleda Domicíano
Published: April 2019

O estado de Pernambuco apresenta uma concentração de manguezais e áreas de Mata Atlântica bastante significativa, diante disso, diversos autores ressaltam os constantes processos de antropização gerados nesses ecossistemas na área entorno do Porto de Suape. Nesse sentido, este trabalho buscou espacializar e avaliar o nível de degradação ambiental ao longo de aproximadamente duas décadas de período amostral na área correspondente ao Complexo Industrial e Portuário de Suape, a partir da utilização de variáveis biofísicas como o NDVI, para demonstrar a dinâmica da vegetação ao longo dos anos nas áreas de Mata Atlântica e no manguezal, e de uma variável física, o albedo, para identificação de mudanças ao longo da superfície. Foram verificadas sete classes principais de uso e cobertura do solo, destacando-se a presença de áreas de solo exposto referentes aos efeitos gerados pelos mais diversos tensores na região. Analisando-se temporalmente os dados do NDVI na área portuária em direção ao continente, foi possível notar a diminuição tanto dos limites das áreas com vegetação típica de Mata Atlântica quanto à variação das áreas de mangue ao longo dos anos, bem como o aumento do albedo, indicando que a vegetação tem se tornado menos densa devido ao crescimento urbano e industrial nessa área.
DINÂMICA ESPACIAL E TEMPORAL DE PERDA DE SOLO COMO GEOINDICADOR PARA GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS: BACIA DO RIBEIRÃO PRETO
Authors: Neves Luiza De Lima , De Lima Raul Sampaio , Ferreira Marcilene Dantas
Published: April 2019

A difusão de práticas de manejo inadequadas e uso irracional do solo são fatores que intensificam a degradação do solo. Tendo em vista a importância dos estudos voltados à estimativa de erosão, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a dinâmica espacial e temporal da perda de solo na bacia do Ribeirão Preto através da aplicação da USLE em interface com softwares de geoprocessamento. A partir da aplicação do modelo, foram obtidas estimativas de taxas médias de perda de solo de 159,5 ton.ha-1.ano-1, em 2005, e de 142,33, em 2015. Comparando os dois períodos, verificou-se que não houve alterações na estimativa de perda de solo em 69,72% da área modelada, da qual, aproximadamente, 45% apresentam erosões de alta intensidade. A conversão total da área rural em cultivo de cana-de-açúcar promoveu um aumento de 90,52 ton.ha-1.ano-1 na taxa média de perda de solo. Por outro lado, a recomposição das APP promoveria a redução de apenas 2 ton.ha-1.ano-1. De forma geral, o estudo permitiu identificar áreas com maior susceptibilidade à ocorrência de processos erosivos e os principais vetores de intensificação desses processos.
AS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO CONTRIBUINDO PARA DESPERTAR O INTERESSE DOS ALUNOS NAS AULAS DE GEOGRAFIA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO CEFET-MG
Authors: Grossi Marcia Gorett Ribeiro , Fernandes Letícia Carvalho Belchior Emerick
Published: April 2019

Diante do paradoxo da importância do ensino da Geografia e o desinteresse dos alunos por essa disciplina, esse artigo teve como objetivo investigar quais Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) são usadas na sala de aula pelos professores de Geografia do ensino médio do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), bem como verificar se o uso dessas tecnologias tem despertado o interesse dos alunos nas aulas dessa disciplina. Optou-se pela pesquisa científica de natureza qualitativa e, de acordo com o objetivo traçado, os tipos escolhidos de pesquisa foram: descritiva e exploratória. Em relação aos procedimentos técnicos, escolheu-se o estudo de caso no CEFET-MG Campus I. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram realizadas observação sistemática nas salas de aula e aplicação de questionários aos alunos. Os resultados permitem afirmar que as TDIC podem diminuir o desinteresse dos alunos nas aulas de Geografia, devido ao fato dessas tecnologias atuarem como mediadoras no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, tornando suas aulas mais significativas, dinâmicas e motivadoras. Como contribuição e no intuito de aproveitar o interesse crescente dos jovens e a popularização dos smartphones, esse estudo propôs algumas tecnologias digitais possíveis como recursos pedagógicos a serem utilizados na disciplina de Geografia.
O PAPEL DO PROGRAMA DE AQUISIÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS (PAA) NA LUTA CONTRA A MONOPOLIZAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO PELO CAPITAL
Authors: Da Silva Arlindo Marco Aurélio , De Almeida Rosemeire Aparecida
Published: April 2019

O trabalho analisa o papel e a importância do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) na luta dos camponeses, no Assentamento Primavera II (Mirandópolis, SP), contra sujeição da renda da terra que ocorre via monopolização do território pelo capital. Para isso, analisamos os caminhos de flexibilidade da comercialização, no caso em questão a venda da produção dos assentados ao PAA e a contribuição deste canal de comércio no processo de luta pela permanência na terra. A luz dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos dos estudos da Questão Agrária brasileira realizamos trabalhos de campo, em que foram visitados 48 sítios. O trabalho conta, também, com informações obtidas em associações e em sites do governo, a saber: Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário (MDA), Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS) e Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (CONAB). No desenvolvimento do trabalho, utilizamos como principal caminho metodológico as fontes orais, pois entendemos os camponeses assentados como sujeitos, que constroem suas próprias histórias.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO BIOFÍSICA DAS PASTAGENS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO VERMELHO (GO), BIOMA CERRADO, BRASIL
Authors: Santos Pablo Santana , Ferreira Laerte Guimarães , Lenzi Ítalo Luiz Corrêa
Published: April 2019

A expansão da atividade agropecuária no cerrado brasileiro representa hoje mais da metade da área total deste bioma, onde a conversão das áreas naturais em pastagens cultivadas foi a principal dinâmica mais evidenciada.Tais transformações tendem a resultar em padrões espaciais distintos quanto ao comportamento biofísico das principais formações vegetais existentes, os quais podem ser identificados e discriminados através dos vários produtos de sensoriamento remoto disponíveis, e trabalhos de campo. O presente trabalho, ao utilizar a bacia hidrográfica do rio Vermelho como unidade experimental do bioma Cerrado, teve como objetivo principal realizar uma análise biofísica das pastagens, a partir de coletas de campo (biomassa e espectroscopia) e uma ampla base de dados de satélite. A partir de 1985, houve um expressivo avanço das pastagens cultivadas sobre as pastagens naturais e em 2006, as espécies exóticas representavam aproximadamente 91,3% do total das pastagens presentes na área de estudo. A distribuição das pastagens cultivadas e naturais está associada a fatores edafoclimáticos locais, como características de solo (profundidade/pedregosidade) e disponibilidade hídrica, os quais explicam a ocorrência da maioria das espécies forrageiras. Há uma correspondência entre a biomassa verde encontrada no período seco para as duas categorias de pastagens, ao contrário do observado no período chuvoso. Entretanto, tendo por base as imagens biofísicas sazonais de resolução espacial moderada (MODIS), não é possível separar entre pastagens nativas e cultivadas.
PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL DE MORADORES DA ZONA DE AMORTECIMENTO DO PARQUE MUNICIPAL DA SERRA DE SÃO DOMINGOS – POÇOS DE CALDAS (MG)
Authors: Godoy Gustavo Andrade , De Souza Antonio Donizetti Gonçalves
Published: April 2019

As zonas de amortecimento são importantes áreas para a manutenção das unidades de conservação. Com os entornos das áreas protegidas brasileiras sendo amplamente habitados, torna-se importante estudar essas populações. Deste modo, o presente estudo objetivou levantar a percepção ambiental dos moradores do entorno do Parque Municipal da Serra de São Domingos, localizado no município de Poços de Caldas, no Sul de Minas Gerais. Para este fim, utilizou-se formulários, aplicados por meio de entrevista estruturada, com perguntas abertas, fachadas e dependentes. Foram entrevistados 104 moradores em 14 locais da zona de amortecimento. O estudo revelou que há um amplo desconhecimento das funções e leis que regem a unidade de conservação. Também falta informações sobre a zona de amortecimento e sua delimitação. O conceito de meio ambiente predominante entre os entrevistados é reducionista, o que mostra que os habitantes locais não se veem como parte do meio em que vivem. A maioria dos participantes da pesquisa exerce atividades rurais na própria zona de amortecimento, fato que justifica demanda de projetos no âmbito da Educação Ambiental. O estudo levantou outros problemas no entorno da unidade: parcelamento do solo rural, uso desregulado de recursos hídricos, utilização de defensivos químicos nas lavouras, depósito irregular de resíduos domésticos e reflorestamento de áreas mineradas com espécies exóticas. Portanto, o estudo teve como fim ser um subsídio para os gestores da unidade em futuras políticas para os arredores do parque.
Influence of Pressure to Morphology of TiO2 Nanofibers Prepared by Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Method
Authors: Drunka Reinis , Grabis Jānis , Krumina Aija
Published: April 2019

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanofibers under various temperature and pressure conditions were done in this research. High quality TiO2 nanofiber coatings where obtained when temperature was in range 240 – 245 °C and pressure was 27.3 – 29.1 bar. Obtained TiO2 nanofiber coatings are with a specific surface area of ​​151.5 to 158.9 m2· g-1 before calcination. Comparing with nanopowder photocatalysts nanofiber coatings photocatalysts can be much easier removed from solution after the photocatalysis process. Such coatings with relative large specific surface area are with higher potential application in industry.
Dissolution of Various Cellulosic Materials and Effect of Regenerated Cellulose on Mechanical Properties of Paper
Authors: Fridrihsone Velta , Zoldners Juris , Skute Marite , Grinfelds Uldis , Filipova Inese , Sivacovs Igors , Spade Martins , Laka Marianna
Published: April 2019

Recycling of paper materials or other type of cellulose fibres is important regarding saving nature resources and environmental protection. Cellulose dissolution and regenerating from various materials is one of recycling possibilities. Cellulose dissolution by NaOH/urea system has a great potential due to the use of harmless reagents, and at the same time is challenging due to the forming of gel-like substances, when cellulose has degree of polymerization more than 1000. It was found that microcrystalline cellulose and cotton cellulose were dissolved in NaOH/urea, but tissue paper, filter paper and waste paper were not dissolved completely. Additives of Kraft pulp and pulp waste dissolved and regenerated from NaOH/urea and cupriethylendiamine (CuETD) in amount 0-30% from paper composition increased mechanical properties of paper sheet. CuETD additive was more effective than NaOH/urea additive, however latter has potential for further research as environmentally friendlier.
Preparation and Properties of Photocalysts in ZnO/TiO2 System
Authors: Grabis Jānis , Letlena Anita , Sīpola Inta
Published: April 2019

ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites with several ratio of the components were prepared by sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide and titanium butoxide as titania precursors. Phase formation and photocatalytic activity of ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites depend on ratio of the components and calcination temperature. The photocatalytic activity in dependence on calcination temperasture, phase composition was determined by degradation of methylene blue solution under Hg lamp and solar light imitating illumination. The highest photocatalytic activity showed ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites containing 99 mol.% ZnO and 50 mol% ZnO when hexagonal ZnTiO3 phase was formed. ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited enhanced photoactivity under solar light with respect to Hg lamp irradiation.
Valorisation of Waste Mussel Shells as Biosorbent for an Azo Dye Elimination
Authors: Delali Halima , Merouani Djilali Redha , Aguedal Hakim , Belhakem Mustapha , Iddou Abdelkader , Ouddane Baghdad
Published: April 2019

In the present study, the waste shells were used as a new low cost and eco-friendly biosorbant for Orange G anionic dye removal from aqueous solutions. Experiments were conducted in batch mode, and the effect of pH of solution, contact time, and initial dye concentration. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and ICP-MS analysis for chemical analysis were used to characterize the obtained biosorbent. The results showed that the mussel shells are composed 73% of calcite and 26% of aragonite with some traces of aluminum, magnesium, sodium, silicium and zinc. The biosorption results show that the optimal pH was around 2 for efficient Orange G biosorption. The equilibrium was attained in 60 min. The kinetic analysis showed that the pseudo-second-order model is in good agreement with the experimental data. The biosorption isotherm was well described by Langmuir isotherm model, the maximumbiosorption capacity was 1000mg/g. The thermodynamic study revealed that the biosorption of Orange G onto mussel shell is spontaneous and exothermic.
The Influence of Mechanical and Mechanochemical Activation of Hardwood Wood Waste on Biocomposite Properties
Authors: Jaunslavietis Jevgenijs , Shulga Galia , Ozolins Jurijs , Neiberte Brigita , Verovkins Anrijs , Vitolina Sanita , Shakels Vadims
Published: April 2019

As the demand for sustainable environment friendly materials increases, the biocomposites such as wood-polymer composite (WPC) have gained more attention in past years. Wood wastes and by-products like sawdust, chips, bark and wood residues as well as recycled polymers can serve as raw materials for production of WPC. However, there are still many issues obtaining WPCs, mainly a poor compatibility between a hydrophobic polymer matrix and a hydrophilic wood filler. In the present study, mechanical and mechanochemical activation of aspen wood waste were performed to increase their compatibility with recycled polypropylene matrix in the WPC, and the impact of both methods on the biocomposite properties were studied. It was found, that mechanochemical activation (MCA) of aspen wood particles leads to increased hydrophobicity of the obtained WPC compared to the WPC with mechanically activated (MA) particles. Work of adhesion with water was remarkably lower for the WPC modified by MCA which also correlates with moisture sorption results. Surface free energy of the WPC modified by MCA was lower compared to the WPC modified by MA, mostly due to decreased the polar component of surface free energy. The modulus of elasticity (MOE) were competitive for both the WPC formulations, however, MCA led to increased flexural strength of WPC compared to MA.
Investigation of Devulcanised Crumb Rubber Milling and Deagglomeration in Disintegrator System
Authors: Lapkovskis Vjaceslavs , Mironovs Viktors , Irtiseva Kristine , Goljandin Dmitri , Shishkin Andrejs
Published: April 2019

End-of-life tyres and elastomer products are recognised by European Union as important valuable resource for circular economy. Current work introduces an analysis of devulcanised crumb rubber comminution technique by means of semi-industrial disintegrator DESI-15. For the estimation of grindability, the main kinematic parameter in the processing of materials was given the specific energy of treatment Es in kWh/t. Grindability of devulcanised crumb rubber aggregates as a function of particle size of the specific energy of treatment was analysed. Classified devulcanised crumb rubber will be used as a component of composite materials for oil spills remediation and for design of composite materials for civil engineering applications.
Pre-Restoration Investigation of Historical Stone Materials and Corrosion Damage of VEF Culture Palace in Riga, Latvia
Authors: Kirilovica Inta , Karpe Margarita , Vitina Inta , Sucevana Viktorija
Published: April 2019

This study deals with the restoration of columns of the VEF Culture Palace. A complete restoration of the building was performed in 2016–2017 [1]. The methodology of physico-chemical investigation of the stone materials of two facade columns includes visual observation, granulometric analyses, classic wet chemical analyses, XRD and determination of soluble salts’ content. The data obtained indicate, that for rendering of columns dolomitic and calcitic lime mortars were used. An efflorescence of sulphates on the bricks’ surface is observed.
Study of an Appropriate Suberinic Acids Binder for Manufacturing of Plywood
Authors: Paze Aigars , Rizhikovs Janis
Published: April 2019

In the study, birch outer bark`s suberinic acids (SA), appropriate for binding the plywood, obtained in a water medium and precipitated in two acidification stages under various medium pH levels, were characterized, which could become a sustainable, environmentally friendly alternative to toxic, formaldehyde-containing plywood binders. In the process of obtaining SA, it was found that all SA of the first acidification stage filtrated successfully. With increasing the pH level of precipitation from 2 to 6, the yield of SA decreased from 35.6 to 18.8 wt% from oven dry (o.d.) extracted birch outer bark or 69.5-36.6 wt% from total o.d. raw material SA. Meanwhile, only one sample of SA from the second acidification stage with the initial pH level 6 filtrated successfully, reaching the yield of 4.4 wt% from total o.d. raw material SA. The SA obtained in the first acidification stage at the pH level 2 contained a lower amount of epoxy groups – 1.7 wt% from o.d. SA, but at the same time, the highest acid value – 84.4 mg KOH/g. In turn, increasing the pH level to 6, the amount of epoxy groups increased gradually up to 19.9 wt% from o.d. SA, and the acid value of SA decreased to 67.4 mg KOH/g. The acid value of SA from the second acidification stage was 133.0 mg KOH/g, but epoxy groups in the composition were not observed.
Desorption of Phenols from Anion Exchange Resins after the Separation of Wood Pyrolysis Products
Authors: Meile Kristine , Iljina Nadežda , Zhurinsh Aivars
Published: April 2019

Replacing fossil resources with biomass for the production of chemicals is another step closer to a sustainable bio-economy. To make the production of biomass based chemicals economically feasible, several valuable products need to be obtained from a single feedstock in a bio-refinery. In our work the pyrolysis products obtained from wood are explored with a focus on the separation of particular groups of added value chemicals. Anion exchange resins can be used to separate carbohydrates from phenolics, by adsorbing the latter onto the resin, but further desorption is needed to obtain concentrated fractions of phenol derivatives.
Chemically Activated Hydrochar Flakes from Birch Wood
Authors: Plavniece Ance , Zhurinsh Aivars , Dobele Galina , Locs Janis
Published: April 2019

Hydrochar has already been applied directly or indirectly in various applications. It has electrochemical and catalytical properties, and can be used for sorption, ion exchange and complexing. It can also be applied as the CO2 adsorbent, electrode material for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as a fossil fuel. The studied hydrochar samples produced under different reaction times were chemically activated by NaOH. The obtained hydrochar samples pre-and post-activation were studied and compared depending on HTC reaction time.
Electric and Magnetic Field Effect Studies on the Hologram Recording in Azobenzene Molecular Films
Authors: Ozols Andris , Augustovs Peteris , Zarins Elmars , Kokars Valdis
Published: April 2019

Various electrooptic and magnetooptic effects enable the electric and magnetic field control of the holographic information recording. They can become significant if the frequency of light irradiation is close enough to the absorption line of a material. In this paper, these effects are theoretically considered, and the influence of applied external electric (up to 17 kV/cm) as well as magnetic field (0.15T) is experimentally studied on the transmission holographic grating recording in azobenzene-based molecular films at 632.8 and 532 nm. Recording beam polarizations were s-s, p-p, L-L and L-R . Self-diffraction efficiency (SDE) exposure time dependences were measured with and without the applied fields, and maximum SDE values as well as recording energies corresponding to 0.017% SDE were determined. No effect of electric field was found within the measurement accuracy (1-5%). Some trend to recording efficiency increase by magnetic field was observed. This result is in the agreement with the theoretical analysis. Unfortunately, these results are within experimental errors (usually 15-24%).
Development of Pressure Sensitive Glove Prototype
Authors: Baribina Natalija , Oks Alexander , Baltina Ilze , Katashev Aleksei , Semjonova Guna , Bergmane Elina
Published: April 2019

Manual therapy is used to treat patients with neck pain, and mobilization techniques are practiced clinically by physiotherapists. To evaluate the effectiveness of therapy it is necessary to measure the applied manual therapy forces. We present the sensitive glove concept designed to measure the forces applied during therapy. The sensitive glove is equipped with multiple textile-based sensors connected by sewing technology, in which changes in electrical resistance were observed due to the applied force. The number and position of sensors were defined basing on the experience of manual therapists and practicable techniques. Glove fabrication technologies were tested practically – sensors were glued and sewn on the base material and simple conductive threads were sewn by hand and with a sewing machine. Technological solutions were evaluated both in terms of visual and technical aspects. The final version of the sensitive glove was assessed by an expert and recommendations were given for improving further prototypes.
Method of Drape, Appearance and Comfort Measurements
Authors: Lapkovska Eva , Dabolina Inga , Siliņa Liene
Published: April 2019

Depending on the type of garment to be designed, designers, developers, and retailers are aware of and put forward certain requirements for the implementation of an appropriate level of quality. But ultimately the consumer is the one who decides whether the product meets his individual requirements. There are many different standardized textile testing methods, as well as various subjective assessment methods for hand feel and wearing comfort occurs. The observations that the analysis of a product has to be complex has become increasingly widespread. The aim of the research is to formalize and practically use the conceptual method of drape, appearance and comfort measurements.
Preliminary Results on the Use of Oral Rehydration Fluid in the Form of Gelato for Rehydration of Patients at the Children’s Clinical University Hospital’s Emergency and Infectiology Units
Authors: Zvigule-Neidere Gunda , Barzdina Arta , Laizane Gunta , Sviestina Inese , Gross Karlis Agris
Published: April 2019

Oral rehydration fluids (ORS) are used to reverse dehydration that, in case of children, mostly is due to acute gastroenteritis. The key of successful dehydration treatment is to replenish the lost water and electrolytes. This is best done by consuming oral rehydration solution, containing both salt and sugar. ORS enhances ﬂuid absorption because sodium and glucose transport in the small intestine are coupled, and glucose promotes absorption of both sodium ions and water. Studies show that children refuse ORS due to its salty-sweet taste and unpalatability. To improve oral rehydration therapy, we hypothesized that freezing ORS containing a fruit/berry juice to a likeable texture in “gelato” form could promote oral rehydration. The results provide a basis for further development of the ORS gelato with attention to flavor, sweetness and texture.
Accelerated Transformation of Brushite Cement into Carbonate Apatite in Biomimetic Solution
Authors: Altundal Sahin , Laurenti Marco , López‐Cabarcos Enrique Jose , Rubio-Retama Jorge , Gross Karlis Agris
Published: April 2019

Brushite cement has advantages such as fast setting, high reactivity and good injectability over apatitic cements. To induce the bioactivity of brushite cements, the goal was to convert it into a bone-like low crystalline carbonate apatite. To achieve this induced transformation, potassium and magnesium were used as dopants which were claimed to be effective in the literature. The cements were immersed for 2 periods of time: 1 day and 6 weeks in Tas-Simulated-Body-Fluid (Tas-SBF) due to its excellent biomimetic properties with its adjusted HCO3- and Cl- ionic rates according to human-blood-plasma. 5% of potassium (to calcium sites) seemed to be more effective over magnesium modification. The aim of this study is to define an optimal composition in terms of transforming brushite into apatite.
Rapeseed Oil Interesterification Reaction with Metylacetate in the Presence of BuOK/BuOH at Different Temperatures
Authors: Kampars Valdis , Gravins Reinis , Lazdovica Kristine
Published: April 2019

By the investigation and comparison of different interesterification reactions at fixed reaction time researchers usually selected 1 hour as a characteristic time for the synthesis stage of industrial biodiesel production. Investigation performed in this work shows that the equilibrium of interesterification reaction mixture of rapeseed oil with methyl acetate in molar ration of 1:18 in presence of potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butanol at molar ratio to oil 0.08 at 25 °C reach the equilibrium approximately after 50 min but at 55 °C after 10 min. The equilibrium compositions of the reaction mixtures at different temperatures are different. The concentrations of TG, FAME and TA during the interesterification reaction at 25 °C obey the pseudo-first order law which do not reflect the stoichiometry of this multiple elementary steps reaction.
Analysis of Products Obtained in Chemical Interesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methyl Formate
Authors: Laipniece Lauma , Abelniece Zane , Kampars Valdis
Published: April 2019

Chemical interesterification is one possible way to produce biofuel from vegetable oils. Rapeseed oil interesterification with methyl formate using 1M tBuOK catalyst in tBuOH yields product in two layers. The upper layer contains fatty acid esters. Analysis of lower layer by 13C NMR method shows that it contains glycerol and glycerol formates. To develop quantitative determination methods using HPLC and GC, glycerol formates are synthesized in Fisher esterification reaction and used as standards. HPLC analysis is fast, but suitable only for determination of diformin and triformin. GC analysis gives content for all components but is more time consuming.
Transformational change leadership framework for implementing Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment in South African organisations
Authors: Grobler Corlé , Van Wyk René , Magau Mpho D.
Published: April 2019

Orientation: This multiple qualitative case study provides a change leadership framework through augmentation of Kotter’s eight-step change leadership model. This framework provides practical guidelines for the implementation of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE).Research purpose: To establish a transformational change leadership framework for B-BBEE implementation, applying Kotter’s eight-step change leadership model.Motivation for the study: It is not clear to what extent a transformational change leadership framework can be applied for the improved implementation of B-BBEE in South African organisations.Research design, approach and method: This is a multiple qualitative case study with a constructivist philosophy. Sixteen organisations were purposively selected from the Top 100 rated Most Empowered Companies. Five B-BBEE transformation experts were selected for interviewing. The five participants were executives aged between 35 and 50 years: female (4), male (1), black people (2) and white people (3). Deductive thematic analysis was done using pre-defined themes and Kotter’s change leadership steps. Inductive perspectives were applied when new insights were gained.Main findings: The transformational change leadership framework for the implementation of B-BBEE incorporated Kotter’s steps and additional essential elements.Practical/managerial implications: The study proposes that a transformational change leadership framework could be used for implementing successful, sustainable B-BBEE in South Africa.Contribution/value-add: Different elements contributed the B-BBEE transformational change leadership framework, namely: the role of leadership; leaders’ personal commitment, values and beliefs; and support in driving effective transformation. A willing culture seems essential for sustainable climate of change that leads to transformation maturity.
Differentiating renal pelvic cancer from renal cell carcinoma with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography
Authors: Dursun Murat , Ozbek Emin , Otunctemur Alper , Besiroglu Huseyin
Published: April 2019

Background:

The differential diagnosis of pelvis renalis cancer (PRC) from renal cell cancer (RCC) is difficult. Because of that, in this study, we compared the standardized uptake value (SUV) with positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) of the RCC and PRC.

Methods:

Twenty-one patients (12 males, 9 females; age range: 33–74 years; mean age ± standard deviation [SD]: 57.14 ± 17.6) with suspected primary renal cell cancer as Group 1 and 8 patients (6 male, 2 female; age range, 61–81; mean age ± SD, 71.5 ± 5.65) with suspected renal pelvis cancer as Group 2 detected by conventional imaging techniques (CT, magnetic resonance [MR] imaging, ultrasound, intravenous urogram, CT urography, MR urography) underwent fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT imaging between August 2010 and October 2012.

Results:

Mean age is 57.14 (33–74) years in Group 1 and 71.5 (61–81) years in Group 2, respectively. The mean maximum SUV (SUVmax) value was 4.6 ± 2.1 in RCC group and 16.6 ± 6.9 in PRC group. At the 18-FDG PET/CT scanning, SUVmax value higher in patients with PRC than in the patients with RCC. It was statistically different (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

We suggested that PET/CT can be used for the differential diagnosis of renal pelvis tumor and RCC. However, further studies with larger patient number are needed to confirm our suggestion. To clarify the mechanisms of underlying these differences, molecular advanced molecular studies are needed.
BOTTOM-UP STRATEGIES FOR COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND INFORMAL LEARNING: TARGETING MEN AGED 60 YEARS OR MORE
Authors: Gregorčič Marta
Published: April 2019

The article presents findings from a large-scale qualitative research study conducted as part of a three-year Erasmus+ project entitled Old Guys Say Yes to Community, which included partners from Slovenia, Portugal, Poland and Estonia. The project explored how inactive ageing affects the quality of life, health and well-being of men aged 60 years or more, and how (self-)exclusion from the community can lead to social and psychological ‘death’. The article highlights four interconnected themes which are inadequately, insufficiently, or simply not addressed by national institutions and often also the non-governmental sector in the researched countries. The themes – the pluralisation of transitions to retirement and ageing; absent bodies and invisible lives; hegemonic masculinity and gendered experiences; and community-based learning, action and spaces – are supported by well-defined issues and obstacles preventing men from integrating into the community and are completed with suggestions and recommendations to implement much-needed changes. In addition to these four themes, the article touches upon a series of subtopics and questions that should be addressed by further scientific research in the observed countries.
TRANSITIONS TO RETIREMENT: PERCEPTIONS OF PORTUGUESE OLDER MEN
Authors: Valadas Sandra T. , Vilhena Carla , Fragoso António
Published: April 2019

In this paper we present results based on the project Old Guys Say Yes to Community. We interviewed 90 men in southern Portugal between 60 and 93 years of age. Our main aim was to understand how older men experienced their transitions from work to retirement. We clarify the concept of transition and the models that explain transitions in the life course perspective. There are a number of factors to consider during the processes of retirement. Also, not much is known about the role of education and learning during the transition process. We try to contribute to the field, reflecting on the learning processes that result from this transition. Our findings show that work is one of the most crucial dimensions to consider in transitions to retirement (despite the fact that we identify many others). But education and learning do have an immense impact on the lives of older adults, either negative or positive.
Acerca de… Conversación con Barclay & Crousse.
Authors: Abalos-Ramos Ana , Llopis Fernández Pablo
Published: April 2019

Acerca de la diferencia.

20 años y 10.000 kilómetros separan la construcción del museo Malraux en Francia y la del museo Paracas en el Perú. Para empezar esta entrevista sería interesante conocer el contexto en el que Barclay & Crousse empezó en Francia, y si existió un punto de inflexión que motivara la focalización actual de vuestro trabajo en el contexto peruano.

La realidad de nuestro país, que atraviesa constantes crisis, y la aspiración de encontrarnos con nuestras raíces europeas nos terminó llevando a Europa apenas graduados como arquitectos. Jean Pierre estuvo primero estudiando en Milán, y luego ambos terminamos en París, yo estudiando y Jean Pierre trabajando con Enrique Ciriani. Luego llegaron las oportunidades de hacer proyectos y abrir una oficina, gracias a nuestra asociación con Laurent y Emmanuelle Beaudouin.
El Lugar de la Memoria
Authors: ARCHITECTURE Barclay & Crousse
Published: April 2019

El Lugar de la Memoria se ubica al borde del acantilado que define la bahía de Lima, integrándose al sistema de Farallones y quebradas que lo conforma. El proyecto sutura la herida provocada por la construcción de una bajada vehicular que une la ciudad a las playas situadas al pie del acantilado. Para ello, se planteó crear un farallón artificial con un edificio compacto implantado bajo la misma lógica de los elementos naturales productos de la erosión. El edificio adquiere así una dimensión territorial y geográfica al formar parte de un sistema topológico de más de 10 Km de longitud, que se inicia en el extremo Sur de la bahía y culmina en el lugar del proyecto.
Casa C3
Authors: ARCHITECTURE Barclay & Crousse
Published: April 2019

Las estrategias arquitectónicas se alejan de la relación objetual con el entorno, abandonando la condición de objeto singular posado en el paisaje. Se concentran, por el contrario, a la creación de espacios de vida a partir de una extrusión del suelo y su posterior “excavación”.  Al dejar de ser el encuadre del paisaje oceánico una prioridad, sobreviene la necesidad de crear un micromundo que permite entender el paisaje, revelando sus cualidades en la escala humana.
Estrategia estética-significante (postestructuralista) en el Memorial del Holocausto
Authors: Barrera Puigdollers José Manuel
Published: April 2019

Since it was selected in 1998, the Memorial has been immersed in numerous debates that reached a level of controversy throughout 2017. This work conceived by Peter Eisenman and Richard Serra, was modified and carried out only by Peter Eisenman. The debates and controversies amassed have allowed for certain clarifications that exceed the original claims of the authors, but in any case, it seems that they were confirmed in their possibility or in their contingency. These facts show the relationship between the object and subject in the significant act, in its different approaches: from the interaction with the work, the intersubjective relations – self-referent or not – the interaction between subject and object, subject and context, subject and interpretation. Until moving the significant capability from the original indications to the new context, that can in any case re-configure a new sign. In this, the sketch is seen as a post-metaphysical aesthetic structure beyond the concept of an open work; adding the temporal dimension that underlines the distinction between difference and differ, in two moments: the constitution of the sign and its temporary displacement. This exemplifies the concepts of différence and différance by Jacques Derrida, together with the concepts of contamination or the appearance of contraband meanings, including the event that Eisenman longed for.
Global tropopause altitudes in radiosondes and reanalyses
Authors: Xian Tao , Homeyer Cameron R.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Accurate depictions of the tropopause and its changes are important for
studies on stratosphere–troposphere exchange and climate change. Here,
the fidelity of primary lapse-rate tropopause altitudes and double tropopause
frequencies in four modern reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, MERRA-2, and
CFSR) is examined using global radiosonde observations. In addition,
long-term trends (1981–2015) in these tropopause properties are diagnosed in
both the reanalyses and radiosondes. It is found that reanalyses reproduce
observed tropopause altitudes with little bias (typically less than ±150 m) and error comparable to the model vertical resolution. All reanalyses
underestimate the double tropopause frequency (up to 30 % lower than
observed), with the largest biases found in JRA-55 and the smallest in CFSR.
The underestimates in double tropopause frequency are primarily attributable
to the coarse vertical resolution of the reanalyses. Significant increasing
trends in both tropopause altitude (40–120 m per decade) and double
tropopause frequency (≥3 % per decade) were found in both the
radiosonde observations and the reanalyses over the 35-year analysis period
(1981–2015). ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and MERRA-2 broadly reproduce the patterns
and signs of observed significant trends, while CFSR is inconsistent with the
remaining datasets. Trends were diagnosed in both the native Eulerian
coordinate system of the reanalyses (fixed longitude and latitude) and in a
coordinate system where latitude is defined relative to the mean latitude of
the tropopause break (the discontinuity in tropopause altitude between the
tropics and extratropics) in each hemisphere. The coordinate relative to the tropopause break
facilitates the evaluation of tropopause behavior within the
tropical and extratropical reservoirs and revealed significant differences in
trend estimates compared to the traditional Eulerian analysis. Notably,
increasing tropopause altitude trends were found to be of greater magnitude
in coordinates relative to the tropopause break, and increasing double tropopause
frequency trends were found to occur primarily poleward of the tropopause
break in each hemisphere.
Preliminary results from the FARCE 2015 campaign: multidisciplinary study of the forests–gases–aerosols–clouds system on the tropical island of La Réunion
Authors: Duflot Valentin , Tulet Pierre , Flores Olivier , Barthe Christelle , Colomb Aurélie , Deguillaume Laurent , Vaïtilingom Mickael , Perring Anne , Huffman Alex , Hernandez Mark T. , Sellegri Karine , Robinson Ellis , O'Connor David J. , Gomez Odessa M. , Burnet Frédéric , Bourrianne Thierry , Strasberg Dominique , Bertram Allan K. , Chazette Patrick , Totems Julien , Fournel Jacques , Stamenoff Pierre , Metzger Jean-Marc , Chabasset Mathilde , Rousseau Clothilde , Bourrianne Eric , Sancelme Martine , Delort Anne-Marie , Wegener Rachel E. , Chou Cedric , Elizondo Pablo
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The Forests gAses aeRosols Clouds Exploratory (FARCE) campaign was conducted in March–April 2015 on the tropical island of La Réunion. For the first time, several scientific teams from different disciplines collaborated to provide reference measurements and characterization of La Réunion vegetation, (biogenic) volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), (bio)aerosols and composition of clouds, with a strong focus on the Maïdo mount slope area. The main observations obtained during this two-month intensive field campaign are summarized. They include characterizations of forest structure, concentrations of VOCs and precursors emitted by forests, aerosol loading and optical properties in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), formation of new particles by nucleation of gas-phase precursors, ice nucleating particles concentrations, and biological loading in both cloud-free and cloudy conditions. Simulations and measurements confirm that the Maïdo Observatory lies within the PBL from late morning to late evening and that, when in the PBL, the main primary sources impacting the Maïdo Observatory are from marine origin via the Indian Ocean and from biogenic origin through the dense forest cover. They also show that (i) the marine source prevails less and less while reaching the Observatory, (ii) when in the PBL, depending on the localization of a horizontal windshear, the Maïdo Observatory can be affected by air masses coming directly from the ocean and passing over the Maïdo mount slope, or coming from inland, (iii) bioaerosols can be observed in both cloud-free and cloudy conditions at the Maïdo Observatory, (iv) BVOCs emissions by the forest covering the Maïdo mount slope can be transported upslope within clouds and are a potential way of secondary organic aerosols formation in aqueous phase at the Maïdo Observatory, (v) the simulation of dynamics parameters, emitted BVOCs and clouds life cycle in the Meso-NH model are realistic, and more advanced Meso-NH simulations should use an increased horizontal resolution (100  m) to better take into account the orography and improve the simulation of the windshear front zone within which lies the Maïdo Observatory. The FARCE campaign provides a unique set of multi-disciplinary data and results that can be used to better understand the forest–gases–aerosols–clouds system in an insular tropical environment.
Effects of Water-soluble Organic Carbon on Aerosol pH
Authors: Battaglia Jr. Michael A. , Weber Rodney J. , Nenes Athanasios , Hennigan Christopher J.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is a ubiquitous and significant fraction of fine particulate matter. Despite advances in aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium models, there is limited understanding on the comprehensive impacts of WSOC on aerosol acidity (pH). We address this limitation by studying submicron aerosol that represent the two extremes in acidity levels found in the atmosphere: strongly acidic aerosol from Baltimore, MD, and weakly acidic conditions characteristic of Beijing, China. These cases are then used to construct mixed inorganic/organic single-phase aqueous particles, and thermodynamically analyzed by the E-AIM and ISORROPIA models (in combination with activity coefficient model AIOMFAC) to evaluate the effects of WSOC on the H+ ion activity coefficients (γH+) and activity (pH). We find that addition of organic acids and non-acid organic species concurrently increases γH+ and aerosol liquid water. When allowed to modulate pH, these effects mostly offset each other, giving pH changes of