bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites in non-invasive genetic monitoring of a wolf population
Authors: Fabbri Elena , Caniglia R. , Mucci Nadia , Thomsen H.P. , Krag K. , Pertoldi C. , Loeschcke V. , Randi E.
Published: May 2012

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which represent the most widespread
source of sequence variation in genomes, are becoming a routine application
in several fields such as forensics, ecology and conservation genetics. Their
use, requiring short amplifications, may allow a more efficient genotyping of
degraded DNA. We provide the first application of SNP genotyping in an
Italian non-invasive genetic monitoring project of the wolf. We compared
three different techniques for genotyping SNPs: pyrosequencing, SNaPshot? and
TaqMan? Probe Assay in Real-Time PCR. We successively genotyped nine SNPs
using the TaqMan Probe Assay in 51 Italian wolves, 57 domestic dogs, 15 wolf
x dog hybrids and 313 wolf scats collected in the northern Apennines. The
obtained results were used to estimate genetic variability and PCR error
rates in SNP genotyping protocols compared to standard microsatellite
analysis. We evaluated the cost, laboratory effort and reliability of these
different markers and discuss the possible future use of VeraCode, SNPlex and
Fluidigm EP1 system in wild population monitoring.
Bionomy of spruce bud scale, Physokermes piceae (schrank) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in the Belgrade area, Serbia
Authors: Graora Draga , Spasic Radoslava , Mihajlovic L.
Published: May 2012

Spruce bud scale, Physokermes piceae, develops on the genus Picea. Large
colonies of this species are constantly present on Picea abies in green areas
in the Belgrade territory, causing the drying of needles, branches and whole
plants. Therefore, Ph. piceae is a significant spruce pest. Spruce scales
attract many entomophagous insects able to reduce pest population. Parasitoid
wasps Coccophagus lycimnia (Walk) (Aphelinidae) and Microterys lunatus
(Dalm.) (Encyrtidae) were reared. Predators Exochomus quadripustulatus L.,
Scymnus abietis Paykull (Coccinellidae) and Anthribus nebulosus Forster
(Anthribidae) were determined. Both species of ladybird were confirmed as
predators of Ph. piceae for the first time in Serbia, while S. abietis is a
new species for the fauna of Serbia. The most effective natural enemy of Ph.
piceae was A. nebulosus, reducing populations by 68-80%.
Roncus ivansticae (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones): A new epigean species from eastern Serbia
Authors: Curcic B.P.M. , Stojanovic D.Z. , Ilic B.S. , Curcic Nina
Published: May 2012

A single species of Roncus L. Koch, 1873, which was collected in eastern
Serbia and is new to science (R. ivansticae n. sp.) is described herein; the
diagnostic characters are illustrated and their distribution is provided. The
possible establishment of two species (or supraspecific?) groups of Roncus is
presented briefly in view of the importance of some diagnostic characters.
A new soil Pseudoscorpion, Roncus ursi n. sp., from western Serbia (Neobisiidae, Pseudoscorpiones)
Authors: Curcic B.P.M. , Makarov S.E. , Curcic S.B. , Antic D.Z. , Dimitrijevic R.N.
Published: May 2012

A new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Roncus L. Koch (Neobisiidae) from
Serbia (Kulina, Mt. Medvednik) is described and its diagnostic characters are
illustrated. Interrelations with phenetically close congeners are analyzed;
in addition, the presence/absence of microsetae proximal to the trichobothria
eb and esb and presence/absence of one or two outstanding tubercles on the
interior lateral side of pedipalpal femur are established as important
taxonomic characters.
The mixture of dicyclohexilamine and oleylamine as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in NaCl solution saturated with CO2 under both continual immersion and top of the line corrosion
Authors: Jevremovic Ivana , Debeljkovic Aleksandra , Singer Marc , Achour Mohsen , Nesic Srdjan , Miskovic-Stankovic Vesna
Published: May 2012

This paper presents a comprehensive method to evaluate the mixture of
dicyclohexilamine and oleylamine (DCHA+OA) as corrosion inhibitor for mild
steel in CO2 environment in liquid and vapor phase. Corrosion inhibitor
volatile properties were investigated in order to determine if DCHA+OA can be
used to control the severity of the top of the line (TLC) corrosion attack.
Corrosion measurements were performed using electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, potentiodynamic sweep
measurements, as well as the electrical resistance measurements and weight
loss measurements, in order to determine the inhibitive performances of
dicyclohexilamine and oleylamine. In order to define surface morphological
characteristics scanning electron microscopy technique was applied. The
electrochemical study and weight loss measurements indicated that DCHA+OA
significantly decreased the corrosion rate in liquid phase when 50 ppm of
DCHA+OA was added. Scanning electron microphotographs indicated protective
inhibitor film has formed on the steel surface and revealed that good
protection was achieved, along with the decrease in the corrosion rate
determined by weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Using electrical
resistance measurements in vapor phase it was shown that concentration of
1000 ppm DCHA+OA significantly decreased the corrosion rate at the top of the
line, only when it was carried there within its own foam and not due its
volatility.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline WC-particle-reinforced Ti-based composites with nano/ultrafine-grained intermetallic matrix from spark plasma sintering and crystallization of amorphous phase
Authors: Yang C. , Wei T. , Liu L. H. , Qu S. G. , Li X. Q. , Li Y. Y.
Published: May 2012

High-strength Ti66Nb13Cu8Ni6.8Al6.2 composites with intermetallic matrix reinforced by nanocrystalline WC particles were fabricated via spark plasma sintering and crystallization of amorphous phase. Microstructure analysis indicates that the bulk composites contain isolated nanocrystalline WC particles surrounded by crystallized intermetallic matrix, including ductile bcc β-Ti regions surrounded by a mixed-phase region of (Cu, Ni)-Ti2, TiC, and remaining amorphous phase. With increasing sintering temperature the crystallized intermetallic matrix transforms from nanocrystalline to an ultrafine-grained structure. The composite with ultrafine-grained intermetallic matrix reinforced by 4.5 vol.% WC exhibits high yield and fracture strengths of 2194 and 2277 MPa, respectively. The variation of fracture strength for the fabricated composites can be explained based on the volume fraction of the crystallized ductile β-Ti phase and the scale of the crystallized phase regions.
Severe tempering of bainite generated at low transformation temperatures
Authors: Hasan Hala S. , Peet Mathew J. , Bhadeshia Harshad K. D. H.
Published: May 2012

The response of a strong bainitic-steel to tempering at high temperatures is investigated, because a softened state is sometimes necessary during the manufacture of engineering components, prior to the final heat-treatment which hardens the material. Thermodynamic calculations conducted to determine the maximum temperature at which the steel could be annealed without forming austenite were found to significantly overestimate the actual temperature at which austenite, ferrite and cementite (γ + α + θ) can coexist in equilibrium. As a consequence, the tempering temperature must be limited to below about 700°C, which unfortunately necessitates many days of tempering in order to reduce the hardness to < 250 HV. An alloy modification which may shorten this tempering time is suggested. One unexpected outcome is that the unintended heat treatment in the three-phase field revealed useful information about the nucleation of pearlite on cementite particles. Colonies of pearlite started inevitably on particles of cementite located at the γ / α interfaces, rather than at similar particles enclosed completely by the austenite.
Exogenous phytase for better utilization of parboiled rice polish based diet on the growth and meat yield of Japanese quail
Authors: Sarkar DK , Mahiuddin M , Ali MS , Azad MMH , Howlider MAR
Published: May 2012

For the abundant use of parboiled rice polish (PRP), dietary grains were replaced by 200g/kg and 400g/kg PRP with or without phytase supplementation. A total of 108 seven days old Japanese quails were fed ad libitum up to 35 days of age for better utilization of PRP. Increasing PRP with or without phytase supplementation did not influence live weight and feed intake. Supplementation of phytase improved feed conversion only in diet containing 200g/kg PRP (p<0.05). Feed cost/kg quail decreased with the addition of phytase at 200g/kg PRP diet, but increased on 400g/kg PRP diet. Dressing yield was improved (p<0.05) in 200g/kg PRP diet with phytase supplementation. There was an increase (p<0.05) in thigh meat for application of phytase in 400g/kg PRP diet. Heart weight increased (p<0.05) on 200g/kg PRP diet and decreased on 400g/kg PRP. It was concluded that substitution of costly grains by 200g/kg cheaper PRP with phytase might reduce the feed cost without affecting feed intake, live weight and meat yield of quails. DOI: http://dx.dol.org/10.3329/BJAS.v40i1-2.10681 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 8-12
Nutritional evaluation of Jambo forage using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and comparison with wet chemistry analysis
Authors: Khandaker ZH , Khaleduzzaman ABM
Published: May 2012

A study was undertaken for the nutritional evaluation of Jambo forage by using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) and compare with the values obtained from wet chemistry analysis. Near infra-red reflectance spectrum of ground forage samples were obtained in duplicate (scanningnumber 32, resolution 8) with an FT-NIRS (Bruker, MPA, Germany) systems monochromator (700-2400 nm) using a Qurtz cup sampling device. For the development of local calibration equations, multivariate analysis was performed by a commercial analysis program Optical User Software (OPUS) and OpusLab to relate the spectral data and corresponding concentration values for each nutrient component of forage. The108 Jambo forage samples were collected from 108 cultivated experimental plots and groundthrough 2.0 mm screen for analysis the proximate components (Moisture, CP, CF, NFE and ash). The value for each component was placed into calibration group for NIRS equation development. The root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) for the determination of CP, CF, NFE and total ash of Jambo forage was 0.33, 0.51, 1.14 and 0.39% respectively with correlation coefficient (r2) of 79.18, 82.04, 87.92 and 84.37 respectively. After cross validation, the root mean square error cross validation (RMSECV) for the CP, CF, NFE and total ash of Jambo forage were 0.37, 0.58, 1.41 and 0.48% respectively with correlation coefficient (r2) of 72.42, 73.85, 78.87 and 73.78 respectively. The mean predicted values of CP, CF, NFE and total ash by NIRS are close to the mean laboratory values determined by wet chemistry analysis. It can be concluded that NIRS could potentially be used to predict the nutritional quality of Jambo forage.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10790Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 46-50
Morphometric analysis of ovarian follicles of Black Bengal goats during winter and summer season
Authors: Bari MA , Kabir ME , Sarker MB , Khan AHNA , Momiruzzaman M
Published: May 2012

The present study was undertaken to know the development and degeneration of ovarian follicles in Black Bengal does during winter and summer season. Seven ovaries were collected in each season from a local slaughter house. The ovaries were fixed in 10% formalin for histological examination. The numbers of different types of follicles obtained during winter and summer season were compared. To compare two sets of data during winter and summer season, independent t-test was performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Histological examination revealed that mean number of antral follicles per ovary was 34 ± 10 (n=7) in winter which was higher (P<0.05) than those in summer (19±2; n=7) season. The number of secondary follicles per ovary was also higher (P<0.05) in winter (52±5) than summer (35±10) season. During summer season, the ovaries contained 19±4% primary and 71±4% primordial follicles whereas these values were 52±3% and 20±1%, respectively duringwinter season. The results indicate that lower rate of development and higher rate of degeneration were occurred in goat ovaries during summer than winter season.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10791Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011.39 (1-2): 51-55
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Kabir S. F. , Ahmed S. , Mustafa A. I. , Ahsan M. , Islam S.
Published: May 2012

Fe-doped hydroxyapatite bio-ceramic material has been successfully synthesized by wet chemical precipitation method using waste egg shell as Ca precursor and (NH4)2HPO4 as P precursor. Two different concentrations of doping solutions (0.1 M and 0.05 M) were chosen and the developed apatite was characterized by using FT-IR, XRF, XRD and SEM techniques. Observed data were in excellent agreement with the standard values for hydroxyapatite which indicated successful formation of the Fe- doped apatite of different concentrations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10711Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 1-8, 2012
Trace Metal Flux in Water of Buriganga River: A GIS Approach
Authors: Moniruzzaman M. , Saha B. , Shahariar M. S.
Published: May 2012

The objective of the study was to explore the seasonal variations in the water of Buriganga River with respect to heavy metals contamination. Water samples were collected six times with an interval of two months starting from June 2010 to April 2011. Collection of samples started at the point of 90o20´12"E and 23o46´25"N, continued towards downstream at an interval of 1 km upto 26 km by using GPS and ended at the point of 90o27'36"E and 23o37'50"N. The spatial database of the collected water samples were built with ARCGIS 9.3.1 as the platform of case study of Buriganga River. Six trace metals viz. cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) were analyzed for water from each sampling points to examine the level of contamination whether it exceed or within the permissible limit. The concentrations of trace metals in water samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The concentration range of these trace metals were found 0 to 0.01 mg/L for Cd, 0.46 to 1.19 mg/L for Fe, 0 to 0.38 mg/L for Zn, 0 to 0.074 mg/L for Cu, 0 to 0.098 mg/L for Cr and 0 to 0.074 mg/L for Pb. The study suggested that, concentration of Fe, Cr and Cd in river water were increased during dry season and in some points near Hazaribagh, Zinzira and Sadarghat it crossed the maximum permissible limit for drinking water purposes and irrigation water supply.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10712 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 9-18, 2012
Studies on the Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Compositions of Petuli (Trewia nudiflora Linn.) Seed oil
Authors: Khaleque M A , Islam MA , Akhter A , Hye MA
Published: May 2012

Studies were carried out on the lipid classes and fatty acid compositions of petuli seed oil. It was observed that petuli seed grown under the  soil and climatic condition of Bangladesh contains about 22% pale yellow coloured oil. The total lipids were fractionated into three major  lipid classes, neutral lipid glyco lipid and phospho lipid by silicic acid column chromatography. The neutral lipid was accounted to 92.5% of the total weight of the lipid applied. The oil was also fractionated into mono, di and triglyceride by silicic acid column chromatography. The triglyceride was counted for over 90% of the total weight of the oil. The fatty acid compositions of the oil were analyzed by Gas liquid Chromatography and found the major fatty acid ?-elaeostearic acid 38.50%, oleic acid 34.35%, linoleic acid 26.15% and small amount of arachidic acid 1%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10716 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 105-108, 2012
Quality and Shelf-Life Evaluation of Packaged Biscuits Marketed in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury K , Khan S , Karim R , Obaid M , Hasan GMMA
Published: May 2012

Five different brands of locally produced biscuits and five brands of foreign biscuits were collected from the market. All these biscuits were  stored at ambient condition (30 ºC, and 60 % RH) for 3 months. The changes in water activity, moisture and their consequences on sensory  qualities like texture, color, flavor and overall acceptance were investigated in every month. Test of packaging materials were also carried  out for each brand of packed biscuits. Moisture and water activity values have been increased with time for all the samples whereas  sensory scores decreased. However, all the foreign and local biscuit samples were found acceptable under the study period but only one  local biscuit was found unsalableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10717 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 29-42, 2012
Effects of Natural Convection from an Open Square Cavity Containing a Heated Circular Cylinder
Authors: Hossain Sheikh Anwar , Alim MA
Published: May 2012

The problem of natural convection heat transfer in a square open cavity containing a heated and conducting circular cylinder at the centre is analyzed in this paper. As boundary conditions of the cavity, the left vertical wall is kept at a constant heat flux, bottom and top wall are kept at different high and low temperature respectively. The remaining side is open. Two dimensional laminar steady state natural convection is considered. This configuration is related in the design of electronic devices, solar energy receivers, uncovered flat plate solar collectors geothermal reservoirs etc. The fluid is concerned with different Prandtl numbers, Grashof numbers and the properties of the fluid are assumed to be constant. The development of Mathematical model is governed by the coupled equations of continuity, momentum and energy and is solved by employing Galerkin weighted finite element method. Flow field and heat transfer were predicted for fluid with Pr = 0.72 , 1.0 ,7.0; Gr = 103, 104, 105 ,106; inclination angles of the cavity are ? = 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and diameter ratio dr = 0.2.The average Nusselt number increases as the increases of inclination angle of the cavity for lower Pr and lower temperature at bottom wall. The average Nu increases mainly for higher inclinations and for higher Gr. Various vortices and recirculations are formed into the flow field for higher Pr and higher temperature at the bottom wall. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10718Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 19-28, 2012
Affect on Several Control Strategies of A Model for Malaria in an Endemie Region Like Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MM , Islam MR , Rahman MM
Published: May 2012

No abstract availableDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10720 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 109-120, 2012
Effects of Sewage Sludge at different pH Levels on Ipomoea Aquatica
Authors: Nessa A , Rahmana Shafiqur , Chowdhury MTA , Parveen Z
Published: May 2012

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of sewage sludge on the response of Ipomoea aquatica to plant nutrients and heavy metals  in soil at different soil pH. An incubation study was done for the selection of four individual pH levels, viz., 4.7, 5.7, 6.6 and 7.8 to be  used for the plant culture experiment. Yield of Ipomoea aquatica and concentration and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn  in the plant were evaluated. Application of sewage sludge in soil increased the concentration and uptake of the elements in Ipomoea. Slightly  acidic to slightly alkaline pH was found to be better for amendment of soil with sewage sludgeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10721 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 47-54, 2012
Dynamical Behavior of Two Dimensional Hénon Maps
Authors: Islam MS , Islam MS
Published: May 2012

In this article, we study the two dimensional non-linear dynamical behavior of Hénon maps. We investigate the parameter values for which fixed points and periodic points of period two exist and study the dimension of the maps. We also investigate the numerical results of the maps and use computer programming Mathematica for generating graphs and computations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10722 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 55-60, 2012
Haar Wavelet Representation of Continuous and Discrete Functions
Authors: Islam MM , Afrin S , Kabir SM , Islam MR
Published: May 2012

No Abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10723 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 121-132, 2012
Cytotoxic Effect of Five Medicinal Plants Extracts Using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina) TEST
Authors: Akter R , A Satter Mohammed , Khan M S , Rahman M S , Ahmed N U
Published: May 2012

Medicinal plants like Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, Streblus asper, Enhydra fluctunas and Scoparia dulcis are commonly available in   Bangladesh. This study investigated the effect of ethanol extracts from these five medicinal plants on the viability of Brine Shrimp larvae.   The lethal concentrations (LC50 values) of the extracts were determined. LC50 values of C. longa, C. zedoaria and S. asper were less than   250?g/ml and that of E. fluctunas was greater than 250 ?g/ml. Among five plants tested, one (S. dulcis) appear to be inactive. Results indicate   that C. longa, C. zedoaria and S. asper could be potential sources of bio-active compounds DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10724 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 133-136, 2012
Protease Production from UV Mutated Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Sher MG , Nadeem M , Syed Q , Irfan M , Baig S
Published: May 2012

UV mutation of the strain has significant contributation to enhance the yield of protease enzyme from Bacillus subtilis bacteria under the  cultivation conditions in submerged fermentation. The fermentation medium used for the production of protease composed of carbon  sources 1%, organic 1% or inorganic nitrogen sources 0.5% , K2HPO4 0.2 %, CaCl2 0.04% and MgSO4 0.02 % by mutated Bacillus subtilis  G-4 under the optimum parameters which are important to induce the mutated strain to produce high units of the protease, which were  temperature 37.5°C, pH 9, inoculum size 3 % v/v, glucose 1% as carbon source and peptone 1% as nitrogen source were give the maximum  455.25 + 1.66 units of protease. The results of stability studies revealed that protease of B. subtilis G-4 was stable over a broad range  of temperature (30 to 60°C) and pH (8 to 12). However, maximum activity (155.45U/ml) was observed at temperature 50°C and pH 10.  These characteristics render its potential use in detergent industries for detergent formulation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10725 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 69-76, 2012
An Analysis of Activity, Intensity and Structural Effect on Change in Energy Consumption in Bangladesh using Complete Decomposition Model (CDM)
Authors: Khosruzzaman S , Asgar MA , Asgar MA , Rahman KMR , Akbar S
Published: May 2012

For the purpose of identifying the vulnerable aspects of our energy problem and to seek an appropriate solution, the total energy supply, energy demand and energy consumption need to be analyzed in respect of their components. We have used the decomposition model for analyzing the correlation between energy consumption and economic development up to 2007 taking 1990 as the base year. The relative impacts of activity, intensity and structure effect are analyzed for different economic sectors in Bangladesh. Moreover, the country's economy is disaggregated in to two groups' namely low energy intensive group and high-energy intensive group. The trends of energy uses in the above groups are also evaluated to provide a basis for assessment of sustainability. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10726 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 61-68, 2012
Catalytic Benzylation of o-Cresol with Benzyl Alcohol: A Mathematical Model
Authors: Rana AA , Kamruzzaman M , Saha M
Published: May 2012

Benzylation of o-cresol with benzyl alcohol (Bz-OH) in presence of 94% H2SO4 as catalyst was studied statistically with a two-levels threefactored   experimental design to study the effects of single factor and effects of their interactions on the yield of benzylated product. Reaction   temperature, molar ratio of o-cresol to Bz-OH and amount of 94% H2SO4 were considered as the major variables. A mathematical model   was derived to calculate the predicted yield of benzyl o-cresol as y = 0.419T+12.4055m+16.17w-0.0525Tm-2.606mw-   0.094Tw+0.0175Tmw-6.25; where, T = temperature (oC), m = o-cresol to Bz-OH molar ratio, w = amount of catalyst (% by wt. of o-cresol)   and y = yield. The adequacy of the suggested model was checked up and the discrepancies between the experimental and calculated values   did not exceed ± 0.79%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10727 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 137-142, 2012
Electrocoagulation (EC) for Reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of Surface Water
Authors: Rahman SH , Islam SMN , Kaiser N , Rahman Md M
Published: May 2012

Karnopara Canal water containing high COD values (1050 mg O2/L) was treated by electrocoagulation (EC) method covering a wide range of operating conditions such as, water pH, internal electrode distances, final pH, supplying 30V electricity for constant time period (30 minutes) through same electrode material (Al electrode). The effects of different operating parameters on the efficiency of the process were examined. Targeting to reduce the COD value within the recommended limit (200 mg O2/L), this research work was emphasized on EC treatment at the simplest and cheapest way. The batch experiment results showed that the high COD contained canal water can be effectively treated using electrocoagulation. The overall COD removal efficiencies have been obtained at 87.3%, under optimum operating conditions. Taking all the factors into account, it was found that polluted Karnopara canal water can be treated using EC consisting of Al electrodes without pre-adjustment of pH at laboratory. Therefore, EC technique to reduce high COD from canal surface water is found effective, cheaper and environmental friendly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10728 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 77-82, 2012
Seasonal Variations in the Chemical Composition of Apple Snail, Pila globosa
Authors: Nargis A , Ali SH , Hasan MR , Rahman MR
Published: May 2012

Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and moisture content in the muscle of Pila globosa (Swainson) were analyzed. The compositions varied seasonally  in relation to reproductive cycle of the snail. Significant correlation existed between moisture and carbohydrate (r = 0.79), moisture  and fat (r = 0.74), moisture and protein (r = 0.94), moisture and ash (r = 0.73), protein and ash (r = 0.80), fat and carbohydrate (r =  0.95), protein and carbohydrate (r = 0.89) in females. In male, correlation is highly significant between protein and ash ( r= 0.65), protein  and carbohydrate (r= 0.49), fat and carbohydrate ( r= 89). But negatively correlated with moisture and fat (r = -0.38), moisture and carbohydrate  (r = -0.40) ,), moisture and ash (r = - 0.30), moisture and protein (r = - 0.13). Fat and carbohydrate content was higher in large sized  female than that of the male.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10730 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 89-92, 2012
Quality Assessment of Shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii. De Man, 1879) During Storage in Ice
Authors: Begum M , Khaleque MA , Wahed MA , Hafiz F
Published: May 2012

With a view to get a pen picture about the trend and extent of quality changes and as well as shelf life of the head off and head on shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii, De Man, 1879), the present study have been carried out . Quality changes have been measured by application of sensory score evaluation and changes in chemical indices such as Total Volatile Nitrogen (TVN) value, pH and level of moisture at different time interval and Total Bacterial Count (TBC) at 15°C during the study period. The results of the sensory score evaluation indicates that the shrimp quality decreased to the limits of acceptability at 12th days of ice storage. The head off shrimp kept slight better than corresponding head on shrimps. The bacterial counts determined at 15°C have been found to increase from 103 - 107 and 104 -108 cfu/gm for head off and head on shrimp respectively at the limit of acceptability. The moisture level increased from initial 78.85gm% to final 83.80gm% (head off) & 79.0gm% to 84.0gm% (head on) and pH value increases from 7.1 to 8.1 during the whole period of iced preservation . Both head off and head on shrimp remained in acceptable condition for up to 12 and 14 days of storage respectively while the quality of fish deteriorates and become unacceptable. The bacterial count corresponding to unacceptable condition ranges from 108-109 cfu/gm fish sample. The TVN value corresponding to rejection condition were 45-50mg N/100gm fish sample. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.10731 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 93-98, 2012
Amylase Production from Solid State Fermentation and Submerged Liquid Fermentation by Aspergillus niger
Authors: Dharani G , Kumaran NS
Published: May 2012

The purpose of this work is to study the optimized cultural conditions for the production of amylase by Aspergillus niger in solid state and submerged liquid fermentation. Four solid substrates banana peel, corn, potato and tapioca with different moisture conditions were taken for solid state fermentation (SSF). Basal medium was used for submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) with different pH (3 to 8), temperature (25, 30, 35 and 40ºC), carbon concentration (1, 2 and 3 g) and nitrogen source (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g). In SSF, tapioca yielded highest amylase activity and specific activity (4.43U/ml and 4.58U/mg) at 50% moisture content. In SLF, 2 g starch and 0.3 g peptone concentration showed 0.78 and 1.23 U/ml amylase activities under the optimum pH (5) and temperature (30ºC) the amylase activities reached to 0.86 U/ml and 0.76 U/ml respectively. In SSF using tapioca as substrate the enzyme yield is about five times higher than that achieved with submerged liquid culture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.7310 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 99-104, 2012
A new robust correlation estimator for bivariate data
Authors: Shafiullah AZM , Khan Jafar A
Published: May 2012

Key words: Outliers; robustness; iterative algoritm; computational efficiency; median productDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10766Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):97-106, 2011 (December)
Voltammetric studies of the interaction of copper(II) with melamine in Britton-Robinson buffer solution
Authors: Badrunnessa AA Shaikh , Rahman MS , Pasha NA , Baksi Pradip K
Published: May 2012

Key words: Britton-Robinson buffer; cyclic voltammetry; copper(II); melamine; glassy carbon electrodeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10767Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):107-116, 2011 (December)
Information retrieval with text mining for Decision Support System
Authors: Rahman Mahmuda
Published: May 2012

Key words: Natural language processing; C4.5 classification; DSS, machine learning; KNN clustering; SVMDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10768 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):117-126, 2011 (December)
Effect of organic manures on growth, yield and nutrient uptake in maize
Authors: Haque Md Sarwarul , Solaiman ARM , Karim AJM Sirajul , Rahman GKM Mustafizur , Karim Md Abdul
Published: May 2012

Key words: Organic manures; growth; yield; nutrient uptake; maizeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10770 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):135-144, 2011 (December)
Factors associated with child health in urban areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin M Sheikh Giash , Hosain M Mozaffar
Published: May 2012

Key words: Infant mortality; health seeking behaviour; urban areaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10772 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):145-154, 2011 (December)
Effect of nutrient solution on quality of okra
Authors: Rahman Md Atikur , Solaiman ARM , Rahman GKM Mustafizur
Published: May 2012

Key words: Nutrient solution; quality; okraDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10773 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):155-160, 2011 (December)
Yield of rice and its mineral contents as influenced by sewage sludge and nitrogen
Authors: Kabir MK , Kamal ATMM , Jahan S , Faizullah AMM , Ullah SM
Published: May 2012

Key words: Sewage sludge; Nitrogen fertilization; Rice grain yield; Mineral contentsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10774 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):161-168, 2011 (December)
Effect of waste glass powder on physico-mechanical properties of ceramic tiles
Authors: Mustafi Sonjida , Ahsan Mainul , Dewan A Hamid , Ahmed Samina , Khatun Nazia , Absar Nurul
Published: May 2012

Key words: Ceramic tile; water absorption; bulk density; firing shrinkage; modulus of ruptureDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10775 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):169-180, 2011 (December)
Study of fungi associated with some selected vegetables of Dhaka City
Authors: Hoque Jamiul , Shamsi Shamim
Published: May 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v24i2.10776 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 24(2):181-184, 2011 (December)
Enzyme Linked Immuno-Spot; a Useful Tool in the Search for Elusive Immune Markers in Common Pediatric Immunological Diseases
Authors: Faresjö Maria
Published: May 2012

In order to provide better therapy we strive to increase our knowledge of how the immune system behaves and communicates in common pediatric immunological diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, allergic and celiac diseases. However, when dealing with pediatric diseases, where study subjects are almost exclusively children, blood volumes available for immunological studies are limited and as such must be carefully handled and used to their full extent. Single immune markers can easily be detected by a traditional Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), whereas multiple markers can be detected by a fluorochrome (Luminex) or electrochemiluminescence (MSD) technique. These techniques however are sometimes not sensitive enough to detect low levels of secreted immune markers in limited sample sizes. To detect immune markers at the single-cell level, an Enzyme Linked Immuno-spot (ELISPOT) can be used to pin-point elusive immune markers in common pediatric immunological diseases.
The Role of Bromodomain Proteins in Regulating Gene Expression
Authors: Josling Gabrielle A. , Selvarajah Shamista A. , Petter Michaela , Duffy Michael F.
Published: May 2012

Histone modifications are important in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Of the numerous histone modifications which have been identified, acetylation is one of the best characterised and is generally associated with active genes. Histone acetylation can directly affect chromatin structure by neutralising charges on the histone tail, and can also function as a binding site for proteins which can directly or indirectly regulate transcription. Bromodomains specifically bind to acetylated lysine residues on histone tails, and bromodomain proteins play an important role in anchoring the complexes of which they are a part to acetylated chromatin. Bromodomain proteins are involved in a diverse range of functions, such as acetylating histones, remodeling chromatin, and recruiting other factors necessary for transcription. These proteins thus play a critical role in the regulation of transcription.
The Location and Styles of Ice-Free “Oases” during Neoproterozoic Glaciations with Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Le Heron Daniel Paul
Published: May 2012

Evidence based on molecular clocks, together with molecular evidence/biomarkers and putative body fossils, points to major evolutionary events prior to and during the intense Cryogenian and Ediacaran glaciations. The glaciations themselves were of global extent. Sedimentological evidence, including hummocky cross-stratification (representing ice-free seas affected by intra-glacial storms), dropstone textures, microbial mat-bearing ironstones, ladderback ripples, and wave ripples, militates against a “hard” Snowball Earth event. Each piece of sedimentological evidence potentially allows insight into the shape and location, with respect to the shoreline, of ice-free areas (“oases”) that may be viewed as potential refugia. The location of such oases must be seen in the context of global paleogeography, and it is emphasized that continental reconstructions at 600 Ma (about 35 millions years after the “Marinoan” ice age) are non-unique solutions. Specifically, whether continents such as greater India, Australia/East Antarctica, Kalahari, South and North China, and Siberia, were welded to a southern supercontinent or not, has implications for island speciation, faunal exchange, and the development of endemism.
JRMAD METHOD USES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SECURITY / JRMAD METODO PANAUDOJIMAS TAIKANT INFORMACINIŲ TECHNOLOGIJŲ SAUGOS POLITIKĄ
Authors: Švedaitė Eglė
Published: May 2012

Analyzing the flexible uses security problems in existing information technology systems. Looking for way to ensure the safety of the reaction time to smooth access to more projects in development. Review of projects undertaken. Codified in the project design and development components. Made of the findings of the methods used to discover, which exclude parts of the draft rule and resort to emergency planning in the early part of the project development phase. Analytical result: JRMAD mixed method, allowing simultaneous two of the project and the time to change the current system.
GROWTH AND INVESTIGATION OF EPITAXIAL GABIAS LAYERS / EPITAKSINIŲ GABIAS SLUOKSNIŲ AUGINIMAS IR SAVYBIŲ TYRIMAS
Authors: Ruseckas Andrius , Butkutė Renata , Bertulis Klemensas , Dapkus Leonas , Pačebutas Vaidas
Published: May 2012

In this work the influence of technological parameters – Tp substrate temperature and Bi flux – on structural, electrical and optical properties of GaBiAs layers was investigated. Thin Ga-BiAs layers have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy tech-nology on monocrystalline GaAs substrates. The surface mor-phology of GaBiAs layers and formation of Bi droplets were examined using atomic force microscopy. The lattice parameters of GaBiAs and Bi concentration have been evaluated from high resolution X-ray diffraction ∆(2Θ)spektra. Optical measurements showed the reduction of energy band gap from 1.15 to 0.86 eV for GaBiAs layers with 4.4 and 11.3% of Bi concentration. From the Hall effect measurements using Van der Pauw geometry the highest carrier concentration 3.2∙1015 was measured for GaBiAs layers containing 11.3% of Bi.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE USAGE AND PERSPECTIVES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN LITHUANIA / ATSINAUJINANČIŲ ŠALTINIŲ PANAUDOJIMO IR PERSPEKTYVŲ LIETUVOJE ANALIZĖ
Authors: Vasarevičius Dominykas
Published: May 2012

The paper presents the current situation with the renewable energy sources in Lithuania. An overview of legislation promoting the production and usage of renewable energy in Lithuania is presented. Renewable energy production methods suitable for Lithuanian conditions, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. It is shown that there is no any promotion from the state for usage of solar energy in private households. The potential of solar energy usage is determined. In order to show the effectiveness of solar thermal energy utilization under similar climatic conditions presented the example of promotion policy model and its results in Poland.
ANALYSIS OF THE ALGORITHM FOR EVALUATING THE QUALITY PARAMETERS OF MOBILE DATA TRANSMISSION / MOBILIOJO DUOMENŲ PERDAVIMO TINKLO KOKYBĖS PARAMETRŲ ĮVERTINIMUI SUKURTO ALGORITMO ANALIZĖ
Authors: Balčiūnas Dmitrijus
Published: May 2012

The purpose of this paper is to present a wider evaluation of the first version of the algorithm created for collecting parameters of the active mobile network at the end user premises. The article describes algorithms for software functioning and suggests possible ways of collecting data. The most important parameters of mobile data services include the speed of transferring data, delays and drop rate under different conditions and are measured conducting field tests. The paper also displays the results of the most interesting measurements and their interpretation as well as analyzes differences and advantages of the tool created from the available tools.
FEASIBILITY STUDY OF 8-BIT MICROCONTROLLER APPLICATIONS FOR ETHERNET / AŠTUONIŲ SKILČIŲ MIKROVALDIKLIŲ PANAUDOJIMO GALIMYBIŲ TYRIMAS ETHERNET TINKLO ĮRENGINIUOSE
Authors: Gulbinovič Lech
Published: May 2012

Feasibility study of 8-bit microcontroller applications for Ethernet is presented. Designed device is based on ATmega32 microcontroller and 10 Mbps Ethernet controller ENC28J60. Device is simulated as mass queuing theoretical model with ticket booking counter. Practical explorations are accomplished and characteristics are determined. Practical results are compared to theoretical ones. Program code and device packet processing speed optimization are discussed. Microcontroller packet processing speed and packet latency depend on packet size. For ICMP protocol packet processing speed varies 1.4–2.1 Mbps, latency – 0.8–8.4 ms. UDP protocol packet processing speed varies 1.3–1.8 Mbps, latency – 1.1–9.6 ms. Packet processing speed depends on compilation settings and program code compression level. Best results are reached on optimization le­vel ‑O3, then speed increased ~3% but program code size increased 68% comparing to –Os optimization level.
Entre dos expulsiones: musulmanes y moriscos en Navarra (1516-1610)
Authors: Usunáriz Jesús M.
Published: May 2012

Después del decreto de expulsión o conversión forzosa de población musulmana en Navarra (1516) apenas contamos con estudios sobre la población morisca en el reino o sobre sus relaciones con otras comunidades moriscas en los territorios fronterizos de Castilla y Aragón. Este artículo se centra en tres etapas del conflicto cristiano-morisco: la primera, la de la conversión o expulsión de los mudéjares (1516), y en especial los problemas derivados de la propiedad de las tierras; la segunda relacionada con la rebelión de las Alpujarras de los moriscos granadinos (1568-1570) y el miedo colectivo que afectó a los pueblos navarros de la frontera con Aragón; y, finalmente, la expulsión general (1609-1614), cuando Navarra fue lugar de paso para los desterrados.
Erudición y nostalgia. Al-Hanīn ilà l-awtān en el editor de al-Faraŷ ba,d al-šidda de al-Tanūjī
Authors: Garulo Teresa
Published: May 2012

Uno de los temas clásicos de la literatura árabe, casi desde sus comienzos, es la nostalgia de la tierra natal (al-hanīn ilà l-awtān). Experiencia dolorosa de extrañamiento, que se nutre de las crisis políticas, la nostalgia ha dado lugar a obras que buscan recrear un pasado o unos lugares amados, que sólo la memoria es capaz de recuperar. En este artículo trato de mostrar cómo se articula la nostalgia de Iraq, y, más concretamente, de Bagdad, dentro del aparato crítico de al-Faraŷ ba,da l-šidda de al-Tanūjī (329-384/941-994) (con el apoyo de Nišwār al-muhādara, también de dicho autor) en la edición de, Abbūd al-Šālŷī, publicada en los años setenta. La representación que hace al-Tanūjī de la vida cotidiana de la capital abbasí, expresada a través de un lenguaje claro y natural, en el que tienen cabida expresiones populares, suscita en al-Šālŷī toda una serie de remembranzas, sobre todo de sus años juveniles, que se desbordan en sus notas, e ilustran costumbres, lugares, usos lingüisticos, canciones o poemas, que perduran desde la época de al-Tanūjī hasta la del editor.
Functional influence of botulinum neurotoxin type A treatment (Xeomin®) of multifocal upper and lower limb spasticity on chronic hemiparetic gait
Authors: Falso Maurizio , Galluso Rosalba , Malvicini Andrea
Published: May 2012

This report describes the modification of hemiplegic shoulder pain and walking velocity through injections of Xeomin®, a new botulinum neurotoxin type A formulation, in a 67-year-old woman with chronic residual left hemiparesis and hemiparetic gait attributable to stroke. Clinical evaluation included upper and lower limb spasticity, upper and lower limb pain, trunk control, upper and lower limb motricity index, visual gait analysis, and gait velocity. Assessments were performed before, 1 week after, and 1 month after treatment. Improvement was observed in all clinical parameters assessed. Amelioration of spasticity of the upper and lower limbs and shoulder pain was observed after 1 month. Trunk postural attitude and paraxial muscle recruitment recovered. No adverse events were observed and the patient shows significant improvement of functional impairment derived from chronic spasticity after treatment with Xeomin®. We also provide a simple and useful protocol for clinical evaluation of the treatment.
The rediscovery of the role of the laity in the mission of the Church � with reference to the Baptist Union of Southern Africa (BUSA)
Authors: Christofides Peter , Meiring Piet G.J.
Published: May 2012

The role of the laity is at the cutting edge of Christian missions today. The author conducted a number of interviews and questionnaires to determine the status of the laity across denominations of the Christian faith in South Africa. His findings are in a number of instances startling: The picture of the laity, and what lay Christians in South Africa believe, run against general expectations. Some suggestions and proposals on how to empower the laity in general, and the churches of the Baptist Union in Southern Africa (BUSA) in particular, are made. The underlining motive for the research is to encourage the BUSA churches to become truly missional churches that make a difference in the world in which we live.
The influence of pore‐water advection, benthic photosynthesis, and respiration on calcium carbonate dynamics in reef sands
Authors: Rao Alexandra M. F. , Polerecky Lubos , Ionescu Danny , Meysman Filip J. R. , de Beer Dirk
Published: May 2012

To investigate diel calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dynamics in permeable coral reef sands, we measured pore‐water profiles and fluxes of oxygen (O2), nutrients, pH, calcium (Ca2+), and alkalinity (TA) across the sediment‐water interface in sands of different permeability at Heron Reef, Australia. Background flushing rates were high, most likely as a result of infaunal burrow irrigation, but flux chamber stirring enhanced pore‐water exchange. Light and pore‐water advection fueled high rates of benthic primary production and calcification in sunlit surface sediments. In the light, benthic photosynthesis and calcification induced surface minima in Ca2+ and TA and peaks in pH and O2. Oxygen penetration depth in coarse sands decreased from ∼ 1.2 cm during the day to ∼ 0.6 cm at night. Total oxygen uptake (TOU) in dark chambers was three to fourteen times greater than diffusive uptake and showed a direct effect of pore‐water advection. Greater sediment oxygen consumption rates were observed in higher permeability sands. In the dark, TA release was not stimulated by increasing TOU because of a damping effect of pore‐water advection on metabolic CaCO3 dissolution efficiency. On a daily basis, CaCO3 undergoes net dissolution in Heron Reef sands. However, pore‐water advection can reverse the CaCO3 budget and promote CaCO3 preservation under the most energetic conditions.
Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO): A long‐lived protein in the deep ocean
Authors: Orellana Mó nica V. , Hansell Dennis A.
Published: May 2012

We demonstrate that the distribution of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) in the deep North Pacific is a unique tracer for the accumulation of biochemically identifiable organic residue of the export flux. RuBisCO is found both dissolved and assembled in microgels in a dynamic gel‐to‐dissolved‐to‐gel continuum that may protect RuBisCO from degradation in the water column. High concentrations are located below biologically productive equatorial and subarctic systems, and low concentrations are associated with the subtropical gyre. RuBisCO tracks the advective transport of export products along deep circulation pathways of the ocean interior, serving as a quantifiable biochemical tracer of modern organic carbon exported to and resident in the deep ocean.