bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Time Characteristics for Emergency Situations in the Coal Mines
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», Kupriyanov V.V. , Temkin I.O. ,   National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», Bondarenko I.S. ,   National University of Science and Technology «MISiS»
Published: February 2022

The problems directly related to ensuring safety of work in the coal mines are considered. Statistical, technical, and expert analyses was carried out using available research data on the causes and conditions of various underground accidents (methane and coal dust explosions, blockages and collapses, endogenous fires, etc.) at the coal mines in Russia and other coal-producing countries over the past 15 years. The results of studies of natural, technical, and organizational factors of accidents showed that there is a tendency to preserving their number. Possible reasons for a rather high accident rate in the mines, including fatal injuries to personnel, are as follows: insufficient time reserve to escape from the accidents, which, moreover, is not used to the full extent by the mine personnel and management dealing with safety issues during accidents; decisions on establishing the nature and causes of accidents are made on the basis of unreliable information; the development of accidents is influenced by the uncontrollable and beyond control factors. Temporary model of the accident development is proposed. In six different accidents, the structural pattern is established, which is expressed as a golden wurf. This fact shows that there is an optimal dependence between the available time margin and the time to recover from an accident of any complexity. Natural, technical, and organizational factors influencing the margin of time for recovery from the accidents are considered. The importance is shown concerning careful filtration of the digital and voice messages content for the mine personnel when analyzing accidents. The concept of filtration procedure is formulated.
Improving Working Conditions of the Cold Stamping Operators of an Electromechanical Plant by Reducing the Noise Level on the Example of Industrial Enterprises of the Republic of Mordovia
Authors:   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Skvortsov A.N.
Published: February 2022

The article touches upon one of the urgent problems of our time, namely, the pollution of the industrial environment by industrial noise. Equipment of the enterprises is characterized by a high productivity, the work is accompanied by a significant number of hazardous and harmful production factors, one of which is an increased noise level. The analysis showed that the increased concentration of this phenomenon acts on the human body as a general biological irritant. Changes caused by noise are interpreted in the medical sciences as a «noise disease», which is characterized by hearing loss, changes in the function of digestion, cardiovascular insufficiency, and a functional disorder of the central nervous system. Another negative aspect of the increased noise level is a decrease in labor productivity. The study of noise at the section of cold stamping was conducted as part of a special assessment of the working conditions using an ASSISTANT sound level meter of the first class of accuracy. It was established that the main source of noise in the area under consideration is technological equipment. The sound in the workshop spreads evenly in all the directions, reaching the walls, ceiling, floor, as well as various objects. Upon reaching the target, it is partially absorbed, reflected, and passes through it. Over time, as a result of many reflections from the walls, the ceiling and the equipment located in the workshop, the sound waves form a mixed sound. Thus, there is direct and reflected sound in the cold stamping shop. The conducted studies showed that the most appropriate way to protect cold stamping operators is a set of measures that include sound-absorbing lining of the room in combination with the personal protective equipment, namely, noise-protective headphones. The proposed measures will improve working conditions from harmful class 3 to acceptable class 2.
Methodology of Occupational Safety Assessment in the Laboratories of Higher Educational Institutions based on Safety Rating Calculation
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute, Messineva E.M. , Fetisov A.G. ,   Moscow Aviation Institute, Gorchakov N.N. ,   Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the development of a methodology for assessing the level of occupational safety in educational and scientific laboratories of higher educational institutions based on the calculation of the corresponding rating. The current state of the issue is analyzed, the classification of the educational laboratories is presented, the key harmful and hazardous factors arising in the educational and scientific laboratories are identified. In addition, the main features of their design and placement of laboratory equipment related to ensuring safety are given. As a result of the modern literature analysis it is established that injuries and incidents in such laboratories occur quite often. Thus, the problem of ensuring occupational safety during training sessions and laboratory research is relevant, an important component of which is the assessment of the level of occupational safety of employees and students in them. Proposed methodology is based on the modern risk assessment methods and is comprehensive. The laboratory safety rating is consistently made up of risk assessment indicators, fire safety rating, rating of compliance with the requirements of sanitary and epidemiological control and occupational safety rating. Thus, the methodology considers all the regulatory requirements used by regulatory authorities to assess the level of safety in scientific and educational laboratories. This methodology is universal and allows to compare laboratories of different types and organizations with each other in terms of safety level, as well as to rank them according to this indicator. The developed methodology will help all the interested parties: higher educational institutions, organizations in charge of educational organizations, trade union organizations.
Contributions of The Medusae of Phyllorhiza punctata (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomae) in Production of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)
Authors: Jufri A. Wahab
Published: February 2022

Medusa Phyllorhiza punctata mampu menghasilkan lendir yang dapat diserap olehmolekul organik serta berperan sebagai agregat atau sumber energi bagi pertumbuhandan perkembangan bakteri. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untukmengetahui pola produksi karbon organik terlarut (KOT) oleh medusa P.punctata danuntuk mendeterminasi hubungan antara produksi KOT dengan produksi dan konsumsioksigen dalam proses fotosintesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa medusa yangberukuran kecil (berat basah < 7 gram) menghasilkan oksigen lebih banyak dari jumlahyang dibutuhkan. Sedangkan medusa yang berukuran lebih besar mengkonsumsi oksigenlebih banyak dari jumlah yang dihasilkan. Secara individual, medusa dengan beratantara 4 - 6,8 gram dapat memproduksi karbon organik terlarut sebesar 27,44 mgkarbon per hari dan medusa yang berukuran besar dengan berat 27 - 45 gram dapatmenghasilkan KOT sekitar 308,7 mg karbon per hari.
Pengaruh Pemberian BAP dan NAA terhadap Pertumbuhan Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium, Ram.) dalam Kultur Jaringan
Authors: Astuti Yohana Theresia Maria , Andayani Neny
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combination benzyl amino purine(BAP) and naphtalene acetid acid (NAA) on tissue culture of Chrysanthemum. Theexperiment was conducted at The Tissue Culture Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty,Stiper Agriculture Institute. The Completely Randomized Design was applied in thisexperiment, consisting of two factors; those were BAP and NAA application. Each factorconsisted of four treatments. Each combination of treatment was carried out with ninereplications. The conclusion from this study were: Application of higher BAP and NAAconcentration increased budding of explant, whereas application of higher NAA thanBAP concentration increased the growth of bud and leaf number, also increased rootingof explant.
Pertumbuhan Kaempferia rotunda L. dengan Perlakuan Variasi Jumlah Umbi Semu dan Penambahan Pupuk Organik
Authors: Utami Ning Wikan
Published: February 2022

Kaempferia rotunda, usually called as temu putih is belonging into Zingiberaceae family.This plant has been used as traditional medicine for curing diarrhoe and disentry.Objective of the study was to determine the effect of pseudo tubers number and organicfertilizers on the productivity of K. rotunda. Research was conducted in TreubLaboratory, Research Centre for Biology LIPI, Bogor, from July 2002 until April 2003.The experiment was arranged in a factorial Randomized Block Design. The treatmentsconsisted of two factors, i.e the first factor were number of pseudo tubers (0, 2 and 4)and second factor were organic fertilizers (soil, goat manure and compost).The result of the exsperiment showed that both factors, i.e number of pseudo tubers andorganik fertilizers significantly affect productivity of K.rotunda. The effect of goatmanure more dominant than compost. The interaction of those two factors significantlyinfluenced number of leaves and fresh weight of rhizome. The best results was on thecombination treatment of two pseudo tubers and goat manure which had the highestvalue on all peubahs observed which were increased growth and yield of K. rotundasignificantly.
Profil Cemaran Bakteri Coliform pada Minuman Susu Segar yang Dijual Pedagang Kaki Lima di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Amarantini Charis , Budiarso Tri Yahya , Suryanto Regina
Published: February 2022

Coliform contamination emerges public health case particularly by pathogenic E.coli O157 which is characterized by hemorrhagic colitis with diarrhea. In order to study the profile of coliform bacteria contamination in fresh milk that was sold by the sidewalk trader in Yogyakarta province, in this research coliform detection was done by cultivate fresh milk samples on the medium of Chromocult Coliform Agar (CCA) and enrichment cultures on the medium of Vancomycin-Trypticase Soy Broth (mVTSB). Dark-blue colonies isolated on CCA plates were then evaluated for the ability to ferment D-sorbitol on EOH medium in order to suspect pathogenic E.coli O157 colonies. The results show that coliform contamination was 1.103 - 1.107 CFU/ml, although it was not detected on all of the samples. Profile of coliform contamination in fresh milk samples consisted of Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsiella (1,0.103  - 1,2.107 CFU/ml), Shigella, Salmonella, and Yersinia (1,0.103 - 2,1.106 CFU/ml), and E.coli (1,4.104 - 2,8.104 CFU/ml). Dark-blue isolates that were suspected as pathogenic E.coli do not ferment D-sorbitol on EOH medium. Based on this result, it was concluded that it was not associated with E.coli O157.
Kimia Organik Industri (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Pranata F. Sinung
Published: February 2022

Perkembangan yang pesat di bidang industri kimia telah membuat Klaus Weissermel dan Hans-Jurgen Arpe membuat edisi baru dari buku Kimia Organik Industri. Buku ini merupakan revisi dari edisi pertama dan telah diterjemahkan ke dalam delapan bahasa. Pada tahun 1976, Weissermel dan Arpe menerbitkan buku ini pertama kali di Jerman. Buku tersebut mendapat sambutan positif dari para koleganya. Tidak lebih setahun kemudian edisi kedua telah diterbitkan dengan dilengkapi data terbaru dari berbagai industri kimia di dunia.
Sebaran dan Kemelimpahan Burung Layang-Layang Asia (Hirundo rustica Linn.) di Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: W Stefan Agung , Djuwantoko Djuwantoko , Jati Wibowo N.
Published: February 2022

Asian Swallow Bird (Hirundo rustica Linn.) representing one of the type of bird migran which is spread over in almost entire all earth. This Bird type in Java and Bali represent the common winter visitor met in all height. Information of concerning this animal existence in Yogyakarta very minim, last data about existence and amount of Asian swallow bird population in Yogyakarta in reporting in the year 1996 and till now there is no researcher reporting the species existence in Yogyakarta. This Research study about abundance population and distribution Asian swallow bird at season of migration of September 2003 - March 2004 in all region Yogyakarta. Research conducted in all region of Province of Special Region of Yogyakarta consisted by 5 sub-province, that is Sub-Province Sleman, Sub-Province Bantul, Sub-Province Kulonprogo, Sub-Province of Gunung Kidul and Municipality D.I. Yogyakarta. Parameter measured in this research is estimating an abudan of population and location of distribution population. Data intake of is amount of population conducted by direct enumeration, whereas intake of distribution data conducted by noting the name of location and geographical position. Data of result of research obtained in compiling in tables, is later then made by graph of population fluctuation and ploted in map of pursuant to co-ordinate finding of Asian swallow bird individual. To know diffraction resulted by a population enumeration, will be counted with the standard deviation formula. Result of perception indicate that full scale of Asian swallow bird population during a period to migration reach the maximum value equal to 32.579 that happened at third week of November 2003 and amount of biggest population is concentration in jl. K.H. Ahmad Dahlan and jl. Senopati, area Malioboro, Municipality Yogyakarta, that is equal to 28877 36,91. Sub-Province Bantul represent the area which is at most met by the Asian swallow bird location.
Kajian Awal Pemanenan Siput Laut (Gastropoda) di Pantai Krakal, Yogyakarta III: Aktivitas Wisatawan
Authors: Andi Santi Ari , Zahida Felicia , Sidharta B. Boy
Published: February 2022

This study wanted to elucidate the role of tourists activities to the beach such as Krakal Beach, Yogyakarta. The method used in this research was direct interview to the visitors using accidental sampling with the help of prepared questionnaire. This study showed that 86% visitors were in their school age. Person in this age like such a challenge like what they met during beach visit. Those make the visitation frequency quite high by repeating their visit (53,5%). Shells and shells handicrafts has been proven to be the reason why visitors come back to visit the beach (79%). Apparently, visitors agree that the snails’ forms and colors are attactive (70,9%), beautiful and unique (75,6%), but only 14% said that it shouldn’t be disturb by human activities. Their attractiveness to the snails did not make them to collect intentionally, enough for them to see and let them go (66,2%). They did not agree that visitors collected them (51,2%), but they agree harvesters make a souvenirs and get an income from this activity (67,4%). In short, they were much environment friendly (57%) rather than economic friendly (43%).
Pemanfaatan Oleoresin Jahe (Zingiber officinale) untuk Mengatasi Kelainan Antioksidan Intrasel Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Hati Tikus Di Bawah Kondisi Stres
Authors: Wresdiyati Tutik , Astawan Made , Adnyane I Ketut Mudite , Prasetyawati Renny Candra
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of ginger oleoresin (Zingiber officinale) on the intracelluler antioxidant-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of rats under stress condition. A total of twuenty five Wistar rats were used for this study. They were divided into five groups ; (1)K (control), (2) S (stress), (3)O + S (oleoresin followed by stress), (4) S + O (stress followed by oleoresin and (5) O + S +O (oleoresin followed by stress then oleoresin). The dose of oleoresin is 60mg/Kg/BW/day for seven days. Stress condition was done by five days fasting and smimming for five minutes/day, while drinking water was provided ad libitum to all groups. The results showed that ginger oleoresin significantly decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) and elevated SOD activity. The immunohistochemical evaluation also showed that ginger oleoresin increased the content of copper,zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in the liver of rats under stress condition. These effects were showed in the tissues of rats treated by ginger oleoresin before or after stress or combination of both.
Studi Komparasi Keanekaragaman Benthos Di Waduk Sempor, Waduk Kedungombo dan Waduk Gajahmungkur, Jawa Tengah (Short Communication)
Authors: Jati Wibowo Nugroho
Published: February 2022

Selama ini pengelolaan sumberdaya alam hanya didasarkan pada pemenuhan aspek ekonomi serta hubungan yang bersifat fisik (physical interrelationship). Hal ini dapat diperhatikan adanya kecenderungan pengelolaan sumberdaya alam sebatas program konservasi lingkungan fisik seperti hutan, tanah, air dan bukan pengelolaan sumberdaya alam yang bertujuan untuk keberlanjutan sumberdaya alam (natural resources sustainability). Dengan demikian maka dapat dipastikan lambat laun atau cepat akan terjadi degradasi atau penurunan kualitas lingkungan yang pada akhirnya dapat menimbulkan bencana ekologis (Hadisusanto et al., 2003).
Dengan Rumput Laut, Membangun Negara (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Sidharta Boy Rahardjo
Published: February 2022

Rumput laut (seaweed) adalah biota laut yang mungkin paling dikenal manusia sejak lampau (setelah ikan, tentunya). Manfaat rumput laut bagi manusia juga sangat bervariasi, mulai dari sumber makanan hingga obat-obatan. Di dunia moderen sekarang ini, rumput laut juga semakin dikenal berkat hasil-hasil penelitian ilmiah yang dilakukan manusia terhadap biota ini.
Metode Antagonistik Langsung untuk Skrining Bakteri Laut Penghasil Senyawa Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Isnansetyo Alim , Kamei Yuto
Published: February 2022

Metode yang berbasis antagonistik langsung antara bakteri laut dan Staphylococcus aureus resistan metisilin (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) berhasil digunakan untuk skrining bakteri laut penghasil senyawa anti-MRSA. Metode ini menggunakan medium agar lapis ganda untuk mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri laut dan MRSA. Beberapa bakteri laut penghasil senyawa anti-MRSA berhasil diisolasi dengan metode ini. Suatu bakteri laut, strain O-BC30 merupakan bakteri yang paling kuat menghambat pertumbuhan MRSA. Isolat-isolat bakteri yang didapat menunjukkan aktivitas yang stabil terhadap MRSA dan aktivitas ini juga konsisten dengan aktivitas ekstrak yang diperoleh dari sel bakteri yang dikultur pada medium agar. Metode ini sangat berguna dan efisien untuk skrining bukan hanya bakteri penghasil senyawa anti-MRSA tetapi juga bakteri penghasil antibiotik.
Penghambatan Produksi Aflatoksin dari Aspergillus flavus oleh Kapang dan Khamir yang Diisolasi dari Ragi Tempe
Authors: Purwijantiningsih Ekawati , Dewanti-Hariyadi Ratih , Nurwitri C. C. , Istiana Istiana (alm.)
Published: February 2022

This research was carried out to study the inhibition of aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus by moulds and yeasts isolated from ragi tempe. The result showed that moulds found in the ragi tempe consisted of Rhizopus oligosporus, R. oryzae, R. cohnii, Mucor rouxii, Rhizomucor pusillus, Aspergillus niger and miselia sterilia. Yeasts found in the samples were Candida sp1, Candida sp2 and Trichosporon sp. Twelve mould, and yeast isolates were chosen to determine their ability on inhibition of aflatoxin production. Aspergillus flavus alone or in association with each of these isolates were inoculated in Potato Dextrose Broth and analysed for aflatoxin production at day 10. All combinations yielded less aflatoxin than the single culture of A. flavus. All isolates tested could inhibit aflatoxin production. The highest inhibition was shown by Candida sp1 (99,96%).
Analisis kandungan artemisinin pada kultur tunas Artemisia annua L. dengan lima karakter morfologi yang berbeda
Authors: Ermayanti Tri Muji , Al Hafiizh Erwin , Aryanti Aryanti , Sutedja Lenny
Published: February 2022

Artemisia annua L. is a medicinal plant that has an antimalarial drug againts Plasmodium falciparum strains which are resistant to traditional drugs such as quinine and chloroquine. This plant contains artemisinin as major compounds found on its leaves. Aim of the research was to analyze the artemisinin content of shoot culture of A. annua which has five different in leaf morphologies (Morphology type A, B, C, D and E). Previous investigation showed that shoot regenerated from callus has five different morphologies. This somaclonal variation was permanent after continuously subcultured onto MS medium with no addition of plant growth regulators. Artemisinin was detected using HPLC and it was comfirmed by LC-MS. The results showed that shoot culture type B contained the highest artemisinin content (0.171%) amongst other type of morphology. Shoot type D showed the lowest level of artemisinin (0.006%) which was not significantly different with type E (0.008%). Addition of BAP at concentration of 1 and 2 mg/l increased artemisinin level of the shoot culturs.
Fenologi Pembungaan dan Pembuahan Berbagai Macam Berat Umbi Iles-Iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Sumarwoto Sumarwoto
Published: February 2022

The study about fruiting and flowering phenologies on various tuber weights of iles-iles has not been common yet. The fact was emphasized by Lingga et al. (1989) that most biologists and agronomists are not interested in doing research about the iles-iles, so the source is not easy to get. This research was aimed to studying the fruiting and flowering phenologies on various tuber weights of Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume). The experiment was done at Bogor Agricultural Institute experimental field, Darmaga at 250 m sea level height, from February 2000 to August 2002. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Block Design with six replications. The treatment consist of four level of tuber weights, A = more than 1050 g; B = more than 700-1050 g; C = more than 350-700 g; D = less than or same as 350 g. The results showed that flowering of iles-iles occur on rainy season, after high rain intensity everydays. The higher tuber weights, compared with smaller tuber weights, produce bigger percentage of flower sprout, size of flower parts, flower size and fruit amount, and also total amount of embryo per stem. On the contrary, the percentage of vegetative sprout was produced more by lighter tuber. The flowering and fruiting on iles-iles, seem influenced by the interaction between tuber weight and the growth age of tuber.
Kajian Laboratorium Tentang Pengaruh Hujan Asam Buatan terhadap Armadillidium vulgare (Armadillidiidae, Isopoda)
Authors: Musyafa Musyafa
Published: February 2022

Kajian laboratorium ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mekanisme pengaruh negatif hujan asam terhadap makrofauna tanah. Armadillidium vulgare yang merupakan salah satu makrofauna tanah pemakan seresah (saprofag) penting di Tokyo yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengaruh makanan, pengaruh langsung dan pengaruh medium yang direndam dengan cairan asam digunakan untuk mengetahui mekanisme ini. (1). Pengaruh makanan dilakukan dengan cara merendam seresah daun aoki (Aucuba japonica) dalam air atau air yang diberi cairan H2SO4 dengan pH 6,4, dan 2. Seresah ini diberikan pada A. vulgare sebagai makanan (2) Efek langsung dilakukan dengan cara meneteskan 1 ml air atau air yang diberi cairan H2SO4 langsung ke tubuh hewan setiap dua minggu. (3) Pengaruh medium dilakukan dengan merendam medium dalam air maupun air yang diberi cairan H2SO4. Pertumbuhan dan persen hidup A. vulgare dicatat. Pertumbuhan dan persen hidup A. vulgare yang diberi makan seresah yang rendam dalam larutan asam sangat rendah. Penetesan cairan asam pada tubuh A. vulgare secara langsung tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan dan persen hidup A. vulgare. Pertumbuhan A. vulgare tidak dipengaruhi oleh medium yang direndam dalam cairan asam, tetapi persen hidupnya sedikit berkurang. Pengaruh cairan asam secara tidak langsung melalui makanan lebih penting daripada pengaruh langsung. Hal ini disebabkan tubuh A. vulgare dilindungi kutikula yang tebal. Untuk taksa yang memiliki tubuh yang lunak pengaruh langsung mungkin juga penting.
Karakterisasi Protease Ekstraseluler Clostridium spp. T11-3
Authors: Natalia Loli , Nathalia Lily , Meryandini Anja
Published: February 2022

Protease is one of the leather commercial enzymes which is widely used such in food processing, medicine and leather industry. Clostridium sp T11-3 was isolated from Tiu Jeruk River in Nusa Tenggara Barat. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA indicated that Clostridium spp T11-3 was closely related to C. bifermentans. This isolate produced maximum protease activity after 18 hours of cultivation in liquid media. Protease of Clostridium spp 11-3 displayed maximum activity at pH 5 and 60oC with casein as substrate. In the presence of 1 mM divalent ion Mg2+ the enzym activity increased to 141 %, while others ion divalent (Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and Co2+) inhibited protease activity.
Pengaruh Penyulangan Medium yang Mengandung Orange II terhadap Pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis ID 6017 dan Kemampuan Dekolorisasinya
Authors: Meitiniarti V. I. , Sunardi E. Vandiyani , Timotius K. H.
Published: February 2022

The influence of fed Orange II containing medium on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis ID 6017 and its decolorization ability was studied in this research. A fed batch growth was compared with the batch growth. Total Orange II added to the both was 120 mg/L. In the fed batch, the Orange II was given into three steps. The first addition was at the initial culture medium. The second and third were added after the almost total decolorization or clearance of the Orange II given in the first or the second addition respectively. The culture was incubated under static condition and room temperature. The fed batch growth was better than the batch growth, seen from both aspects; their growth parameters and the decolorization ability. The biomass yield and specific growth rates of the fed batch was higher than the batch growth. Under fed batch growth, the decolorization was 85-94%, while the batch growth was only 54%. For achieving these performances, the fed batch growth was needed to consume more glucose.
Mempelajari mahluk hidup dan Kehidupannya Secara Hidup dan Dinamis (Resensi Buku)
Authors: Atmodjo P. Kianto
Published: February 2022

Ooo, ternyata mahluk hidup itu begitu menarik…!, Ooo..demikian tho proses terjadinya flu burung, atau oo begitu ya penyebabnya, mengapa saat ini bermunculan penyakit baru, dan oo.. ini lah akibatnya kalau lingkungan hidup rusak! Ini semua kesan yang akan kita peroleh kala kita membaca buku “Life “.
Kualitas, Kemampuan Implantasi dan Viabilitas in-vivo Embrio Mencit (Mus muculus) Galur Swiss Webster Setelah Pembekuan Dengan Metode Vitrifikasi
Authors: Madihah Madihah , Kusumaningtyas Hartanti , Boediono Arief , Sumarsono Sony H.
Published: February 2022

Reproductive technologies including in vitro fertilization (IVF), embryo manipulation, gamete and embryo freezing, thawing and embryo transfer were rapidly developed. Vitrification is an embryo freezing technique that is the most developed. In this experiment, we vitrified mouse embryos and then examined the embryos i.e: (i) the quality of the embryos after thawing, (ii) the implantation rate of the embryos and (iii) viability of the embryos in vivo. Morulae and blastocycsts were collected from female mice that were pregnant a day 3,5. The embryos were equilibraten in mPBS +10% etilene glycol. Vitrification was carried out by using VABEDS medium, containing 6-10 embryos that were dropped into a tip of a straw, then frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours. Thawing was carried out by flushing the embryos using mPBS suplemented with 0.5, 0.25, 0.1 and 0 M sucrose. After being incubated in M2 medium at 37oC for 1-2 hours, the recovery embryos were then transferred into the uteri of day 2.5 of pseudopregnat females. The females were then sacrificed at day 16 of gestation and the total implantaion, total life and death fetuses, as well as resorpted embryos, were taken as data. The results showed that vitrification significantly (p<0,05) reduced the quality of the embryos, as well as their implantation rate and the viability of the fetuses, which may be caused by the unoptimal combination of the cryoprotectant in the vitrification medium, temperature and exposure time during vitrification.
Studi Pakan Burung Perkici Pelangi (Trichoglossus haematodus Linnaeus, 1771) dalam Laboratorium Penangkaran
Authors: Widodo W
Published: February 2022

During the 2002-2003 period, the research was done to study 11 Rainbow Lorikeetsreared in an animal house laboratory. The aim of this research was to find the foodrations formule of the Rainbow Lorikeets so that those birds can be able to grow andbreed well. The food rations were composed of 26.3% local bird foods (521), 35.09%lampung bananas, 8.77% slice corns, 10.5% boiled quails eggs, 1.75% white bread,bean sprouts and red sugar are 8.77%, respectively. All of food materials were mixedon the plastic cup and mixed with 450 ml of water, then pulverized like sweetporridge. That porridge was given to birds in cafeteria and the water was made ready“ad libitum” everyday. The results have shown that giving food rations formula canstimulate two pairs of the Rainbow Lorikeets breeding and during the 2002-2003period they produced three young birds.
Sekresi Asam-asam Organik oleh Aspergillus niger YD 17 yang Ditumbuhkan dengan Batuan Fosfat
Authors: Sastro Yudi , Widianto Donny , Shiddieq Dja'far
Published: February 2022

Information on ability of Aspergillus niger to secrete organic acid is important in using A. niger as phosphate rock-solubilizing microorganism. This research was aimed to examine the ability of A. niger YD 17 secreting organic acid when it was grown with phosphate rock. An A. niger YD 17 was obtained from Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, GMU. The phosphate rock used was Christmas Island phosphate rock. Organic materials consisted of tapioca waste industry, rice bran, and starch. The study was conducted in Pikovskaya liquid medium and soils that were taken from Jasinga, Banten, West Java (ultisol) and Karang Jati, Ungaran, Central Java (inceptisol). The type and level of organic acid production were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated that A. niger YD 17 was able to secrete organic acid when it was grown with phosphate rock. The level of organic acid in the Pikovskaya liquid medium reached 255.7 g.ml-1, whereas in the soil reached 2992.5 g.g-1. Malate dominated organic acid in the Pikovskaya liquid medium, while in the soils dominated by oxalate. The type and level of organic acid secreted by A. niger YD 17 were influenced by carbon and phosphorus sources, concentration of inoculums, and characteristic of the soils.
Skrining Tumbuhan Atraktif terhadap Lalat Buah Jantan Bactocera carambolae D&H
Authors: A Almahdy , Putra Deddi Prima , Hasyim Ahsol , Mardinus Mardinus
Published: February 2022

Odour and frequently visited plants by Bactocera sp. were screened for fruit fly attractants. The attractiveness of hexane extracts for B. dorsalis were determined by Y-tube method. Of 20 species treated, 5 species such as Cymbopogon nardus, Ocimum basillicum, Cymbopogon citratus, Cananga odorata, and Hyptis suaveolens showed the attractiveness and the presence of methyl eugenol (ME). These plants could be used as the source of ME for controlling fruit flies infestation. It was also found that Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae) revealed the absence of ME peak by GC-spectrum but responded to fruit flies B. carambolae. The results reveal that the chemical compounds existing in the extracts of R. graveolens may have great potential for development as attractants of the Oriental fruit fly. However, further isolation, identification, and evaluation of active compounds are needed in future studies.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Berbagai Jenis Ikan sebagai Inang terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Glochidia Kijing Taiwan (Anodonta woodiana Lea)
Authors: Hamidah Afreni
Published: February 2022

The research about the glochidia Anodonta woodiana Lea viability on host fishes has been conducted in the Laboratory of Zoology Biology Department Mathematic and Science Faculty Sriwijaya University from July – November 2004. The research applied completely randomized design with 5 treatments of host fish (Cyprinus carpio, Pristolepis fasciatus, Oreochromis niloticus, Trichogaster pectoralis and Clarias gariepinus) with 6 replications. The results of the research showed that the use of fishes host has influenced the glochidia viability. The highest glochidia viability was in Trichogaster pectoralis there was a great diffoence compared to other host fish. This result showed that Trichogaster pectoralis was the most effective host fish of Anodonta woodiana glochidia.
Opini Terkini Tentang Dinding Sel Tanaman: Struktur, Biosintesis, dan Aplikasinya
Authors: Yulia Dina , Yusriana Bintarti
Published: February 2022

Plant cell walls are unique, complex, diverse and dynamic structures that change throughout the process of cell division, growth and differentiation. Plant cell walls are not only a single key determinant of overall plant form, but they also play an important role in sustaining human societies. Evidence of how cell walls are crucial for plant structure is that without cell walls, plants would be elastic piles of protoplasm, more like slime moulds than stately trees. Unlike animals, in which specialized skeletal system provides physical support, the strength, flexibility, texture and overall shape of higher plants depend on the cumulative properties of walls. Moreover, plants are composed of approximately 35-40 cell types that are distinguished from each other by the chemistry and organization of their walls. In human societies, cell walls directly affect the quality of most plant-based products, including paper and pulping, textile, food quality and texture, dietary fibre, malting and brewing and bioethanol production (Cosgrove, 2005; Farrokhi et al., 2006).The chemical structure of most wall components has been intensively studied and defined in detail, however, the enzymes responsible for cell wall biosynthesis and also its restructure remain poorly understood. However, currently, there has been real progress towards understanding the cell wall biosynthesis, using various emerging approaches, such as genetic and biochemical approaches (Farrokhi et al., 2006).This review will elaborate on recent advances in our knowledge of the structure cell walls of flowering plants, particularly the structure of primary cell walls. Moreover, this review will also explain the current knowledge towards understanding primary wall biosynthesis and also the future application of cell wall study in biotechnology.
Inventarisasi Spesies Mangrove Di Teluk Kertasari, Sumbawa Barat
Authors: Jupri Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Hutan mangrove atau bakau merupakan salah satu bentuk komunitas yang ada di daerah pasang surut dan khas yang mendukung kehidupan biota lain. Hock and Sasekumar (1979) melaporkan adanya primata yang hidup di hutan mangrove. Primata tersebut adalah monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) dan lutung (Presbytis cristata). Selain itu, jenis-jenis burung, kepiting (Aratus pisonii, Erickson et al., 2004), semut (Oecophylla smaragdina, Offenberg et al., 2004). Selain itu, hutan mangrove ini sangat penting sebagai tempat berbiaknya jenis-jenis invertebrate dan ikan.
Kebutuhan Protein/Asam Amino dan Karbohidrat Bagi Udang-Udang Penaeid: Suatu Studi Literatur
Authors: Rosyida Eka
Published: February 2022

Suatu studi literatur dilakukan untuk menelaah kebutuhan protein/asam amino dan karbohidrat bagi udang-udang penaeid, suatu jenis udang yang bernilai ekonomis penting di Indonesia maupun di pasaran dunia. Salah satu hal penting dalam membudidayakan udang tersebut adalah berkaitan dengan kebutuhan nutrisi pada fase larva. Pemberian nutrisi yang buruk dianggap secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat menyebabkan timbulnya beberapa penyakit, kematian massal dan penurunan produksi. Kebutuhan protein udang penaeid mempunyai korelasi dengan aktivitas enzim proteolitik dan dipengaruhi oleh umur, ukuran dan tahapan/fase dari siklus hidup udang tersebut. Faktor kualitas dan tingkat energi dari sumber protein yang diberikan secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan udang, sedangkan disakarida dan polisakarida dianggap lebih efisien sebagai sumber karbohidrat untuk udang penaeid dibanding monosakarida.
Isoflavon Kedelai Diperkaya dengan Zn sebagai Suplemen Antiarterosklerosis Wanita Premenopause
Authors: Winarsi Hery
Published: February 2022

This research was conducted to observe the effect of soy isoflavone and Zn on totalcholesterol, LDL, TG and HDL levels of premenopausal women. Thirty-threepremenopausal women in Purwokerto were given supplement containing soy isoflavoneand Zn during 2 months. In the control group (SO), 11 women were given placebo; inthe group SI, 11 women were given the supplement containing soy isoflavone; and in thegroup SIZ, 11 women were given the supplement containing soy isoflavone and Zn.Blood samples were taken 3 times, i.e. baseline, 1 and 2 month after intervention. Oneml of blood was taken by venoject-heparin, intravenously. Blood plasma was used todetermine total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TG levels using spectrophotometer. Dataobtained were analysed by ANOVA. The total cholesterol, LDL, and TG plasma levelsdecreased, from 189,27 to 151,63 mg/dl (p=0,02); from 138,97 to 93,93 mg/dl (p=0,004);and from 208,81 to 121,09 mg/dl (p=0,012) respectively. On the contrary HDL levelincreased, from 48,38 to 67,27 mg/dl (p=1,72E-05) after 2 months of intervention. Soyisoflavone and Zn (SIZ) have potential as antiatherosclerosis supplement.
Alteration of Ecdysteroid Titre by Thyroxine and Juvenile Hormone Analogue (Methoprene) in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Ahmad Intan , Rahayu Resti , Permana Agus D. , Astari Sita
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hormon tiroksin dan analog hormon juvenil (metopren) terhadap pola titer hormon ekdisteroid hemolimf selama instar lima Bombyx mori. Instar dua B. mori diberi pakan daun murbei yang telah diberi tiroksin dengan konsentrasi 1500 ppm. Larva kemudian dibiarkan ganti kulit sampai instar tiga dan empat tanpa perlakuan. Tujuh puluh dua jam setelah ganti kulit pada instar lima, larva disuntik sebanyak 10 μl metopren dengan konsentrasi 15 atau 25 ppm. Titer ekdisteroid hemolimf dideteksi dengan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan tiroksin ataupun kombinasi tiroksin-metopren menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pola titer ekdisteroid dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Ekdisteroid terdeteksi dua hari lebih awal pada perlakuan tiroksin dan titer ekdisteroid pada puncak tertinggi lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Kombinasi tiroksin-metopren tampaknya menyebabkan penekanan terhadap titer ekdisteroid. Hal ini terlihat dengan terjadinya penurunan titer ekdisteroid segera setelah penyuntikan dengan metopren sebelum mencapai titer puncak tertinggi.
Penapisan Aktivitas Selulase Isolat-isolat Khamir dari Moluska, Serasah, dan Tumbuhan di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun, Jawa Barat
Authors: Mangunwardoyo Wibowo , Fitri Reno , Oetari Ariyanti
Published: February 2022

A total of 236 yeast isolates from mollusc, litter, and plant samples from Gunung Halimun National Park were screened for cellulolytic activity based on Smith method by using 0,2% (w/v) cellulose-azure for 30 days. The results showed that 12 isolates (9 isolates from plants, 2 isolates from molluscs, dan 1 isolate from litter) have cellulolytic activity. These isolates were further screened based on Teather and Wood method for six days to determine their cellulases components by using specific substrates. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 0,1% (w/v) was used as a specific substrate to determine endoglucanase activity. Avicel 0,1% (w/v) was used as a specific substrate to determine exoglucanase activity. Cellobiose 0,1% (w/v) was used as a specific substrate to determine β-glucosidase activity. The results showed that 6 isolates from plant have β-glucosidase activity, and 1 isolate from plant have β-glucosidase and endoglucanase activities. Five isolates (2 isolates from plants, 2 isolates from molluscs, and 1 isolate from litter) showed no cellulase activity on specific substrates after six days incubation.
Skrining Senyawa Antibakteri dari Beberapa Jenis Rumput Laut Coklat (Phaeophyceae) dari Pantai Drini, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Sidharta Boy R. , Atmodjo P. Kianto , Mursyanti E.
Published: February 2022

This present research was trying to determine the antibacterial compounds from several brown seaweeds from Drini beach. Previous studies have shown that several seaweeds from this beach were proved to have antibacterial activities. Therefore, it needs to be studied whether the extracts of several brown seaweeds utilizing three (3) kinds of extraction solutions such as aquadest, ethanol, and hexane, will also show antibacterial activities. The three solutions were chosen based on the difference of polarization activities. Research design utilized was randomized complete block design and the data compiled was treated by Anova and followed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with degree of confidence 95%. Microbes utilized in this research were Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, that were common pathogenic bacteria known to human and animals. The research found six (6) species of brown seaweed during the research period, i.e. Sargassum dotyi, S. ohnoi, S. abbottiae, S. bataanense, Caulerpa prolifera, and Laurencia papillosa. This present research also revealed that ethanol was the best extraction solution to extract the secondary metabolite from the brown seaweeds found. The best antibacterial activities was shown by S. dotyi extract’s to inhibit the two (2) microbes used in the research compared to other seaweed extracts. However, this result was still low and significantly different compare to pure antibiotics utilized, i.e. penicillin and streptomycin.
Pemanfaatan Kitin Udang Sebagai Penyerap Timbal dan Tembaga pada Limbah Cair Industri Batik di Solo
Authors: Cahyanto Martinus Dwi , Aida Yuniarti , Pranata F. Sinung
Published: February 2022

The waste of shrimps in the form of skin, head, and tail that is disposed from shrimp processing and disposal are usually thrown away with out being processed, therefore the wastes may cause environmental pollution, especially from the unpleasant stench. Shrimp wastes contain compounds called chitin and can be utilized to absorb heavy metals which are mainly from industrial wastes. The batik industries in Solo usually utilize synthetic colors, because synthetic colors are cheaper and can make the products look more satisfying. Nevertheless, the liquid wastes from these batik industries are usually still colorful when it is disposed and are usually hard to be degraded by nature. Moreover, these wates contains heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) that can endanger the human health. This research is conducted in order to notify the performance of chitin in order to absorb heavy metals such as lead (Pb) and copper (Cu). There are five treatments that is conducted in this research by adding chitin powder as much as 0 g (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4 g into the sample of batik liquid wastes. The lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) substance of the sample will then be measured using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer), then the lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) substance of each treatment will be compared with the control. The result of the research shows that chitin can reduce the content of lead and copper in batik liquid wastes. Based on the research result, it is concluded that the addition of 4 g of chitin powder into the sample of batik liquid wastes can give the most maximum result, i.e. the reduction of the Pb content by 6.138 ppm from the control of 17.773 ppm into 11,635 ppm, and the reduction of the Cu content by 3.779 ppm from the control of 7.903 ppm into 4.104 ppm.
Bahan Tambahan Pangan (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Pranata F. Sinung
Published: February 2022

Perkembangan yang pesat di bidang industri makanan telah membuat Wisnu Cahyadi membuat edisi baru dari buku Bahan Tambahan Pangan. Buku ini merupakan upaya peningkatan buku sebelumnya (edisi pertama). Pada buku edisi kedua ini ada beberapa kata yang direvisi dan penambahan materi baru, khususnya pada lampiran, yaitu tentang Persyaratan Penggunaan Bahan Tambahan Pangan Pemanis Buatan dalam Produk Pangan. Kelebihan buku ini adalah tidak hanya menjelaskan tentang bagaimana cara penggunaan dan persyaratan bahan tambahan pangan, tetapi mencakup analisis dan aspek kesehatan.
Pertumbuhan Enterococcus faecalis ID 6017 dan Kemampuan Dekolorisasi Beberapa Konsentrasi Orange II dalam Sistem Sinambung
Authors: Kara Patrisia Ilene , Meitiniarti V. Irene , Timotius K. H.
Published: February 2022

Orange II is the most used colorant in industries which involve coloring process. So far, Orange II decolorization process by Enterococcus faecalis ID 6017 under batch system has been proven to be able to decolorize orange to colourless. In the presence of intermediates accumulation in batch system, claimed bioprocess development with continues system. An hypothesis was carried out that continues system could reduce intermediates generated by Orange II degradation. This research aimed to know the growth of Enterococcus faecalis and its Orange II decolorization ability in the medium supplemented with Orange II with different concentration under continues system. The research was set on continues system with single cultures Enterococcus faecalis, grown in medium with 80, 120, or 160 mg/L Orange II concentration. Measured parameters were Orange II concentration, biomass, glucose concentration, intermediates compound (sulphanilic acid). It could be concluded that under continues system (D = 0.06 hour-1), Enterococcus faecalis could decolorize Orange II until 160 mg/l.
Asplenium nidus L. pada Beberapa Pohon Inang di Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Bukit Kelam, Kabupaten Sintang, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Mudiana Deden
Published: February 2022

Asplenium nidus L. is one of epiphyte fern that commonly known by most people. This research aims to observe distribution pattern of Asplenium nidus that growth on host trees at Taman Wisata Alam Bukit Kelam. One hundred sixty Asplenium nidus have been observed grow on 66 individual host trees. Most of them grow on zone 4 (midle part of branches of three) on the host trees. Surface of bark on host trees and form of branches are environment factors that influence the growth of Asplenium nidus.
Potensi Hiperakumulasi Saccharum spontaneum pada Medium Limbah Tailing Terkontaminasi Sianida
Authors: Hidayati Nuril , Juhaeti Titi , Syarif Fauzia
Published: February 2022

One approach to minimize risks from some toxic pollutants is phytoextraction using hyperaccumulator plants. These remarkable plant species accumulate appreciable high concentration of pollutants, including cyanide than normal plants. Although cyanide is not categorized as heavy metal, its presence is considered as one of important toxic pollutants in the environment. Detoxification of cyanide contaminated soils and waters with plants seems to be a feasible option. Since plants vary in their ability to accumulate specific contaminants, it is necessary to select plant species that can both accumulate and tolerate the contaminants. This study aims to characterized plants that grow under extreme contaminated media of gold mined tailing belongs to PT ANTAM Cikotok and to analyse their potencies as hyperaccumulators. Saccharum spontaneum which was proven tolerant and dominant in the contaminated site as well as potential in producing high biomass was used in this research. The plants were grown in tailing waste media added by 0, 5 and 10 mg kg-1 CN. Organic fertilizers i.e. manure and compost were applied to increase CN uptake. The results showed that the plants were capable of growing under the highest level of CN. Application of organic fertilizer increased plant uptake. The results indicated that Saccharum spontaneum can be considered as high tolerance and potentially effective in accumulating CN in their roots and above ground portions.