bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Efficiency in Urban Public Transportation: Minimizing Delay Propagation in Cost-Efficient Bus and Driver Schedules
Authors: Amberg Bastian , Amberg Boris , Kliewer Natalia
Published: March 2018

This work examines combined vehicle and crew scheduling in public bus transit in the context of both robust and cost-efficient resource allocation. Cost-efficiency in terms of minimal planned costs for resource usage is already addressed in numerous contributions providing increasingly sophisticated optimization approaches that are able to compute highly efficient resource schedules. Unfortunately, during operations the resulting tight resource schedules are generally more susceptible to disruptions causing delays or even cascades of delays. Because of dependencies between scheduled vehicles and drivers, even small delays may propagate through the entire network. However, to date there is only little research assessing schedule robustness against disruptions and delays, affecting both vehicle and crew schedules. We consider the mutual dependencies between vehicle and crew schedules and propose solution approaches that are able to consider the propagation of possible delays. The approaches are used to create cost-efficient resource schedules simultaneously capable to absorb delays and to prevent delay propagation. In particular, we present a fully integrated vehicle and crew scheduling approach. To analyze problem characteristics we investigate to what extent sequential, partially integrated, and integrated vehicle and crew scheduling lead to schedules with different quality. Numerical experiments using real-world problem instances examine the influence of these different scheduling schemes on robustness and cost-efficiency. The results stress the relevance of incorporating possible delay propagation when scheduling resources in (especially urban) public transportation. Compared to pure cost-efficient scheduling, the expected delay propagation can be decreased drastically without additional costs.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0757 .
Maths Mastery: A journey towards a new curriculum
Authors: Donnison Liam
Published: March 2018

A trip to Shanghai inspired one primary school leader and her team to transform maths teaching as part of an approach to a ‘knowledge-rich’ curriculum. Liam Donnison explains
Every teacher a researcher
Authors: Aubrey-Smith Fiona
Published: March 2018

Research in education is becoming ever more vital to raising outcomes. Fiona Aubrey-Smith argues why every teacher should be a researcher and advises on how this can be achieved
Effective fundraising applications
Authors: Best Brin
Published: March 2018

The secret to fundraising success can often come down to writing and compiling effective applications. Brin Best offers nine steps to planning and writing successful funding applications
Making PE a priority
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: March 2018

With today's educational climate focusing on literacy and numeracy, PE can sometimes be left behind. Not so at Birchwood Primary School. Suzanne O'Connell finds out how deputy headteacher Melanie Alexander and her team have made PE and sports a priority
Professional capital in your school
Authors: Solly Ben
Published: March 2018

Do you recognise and develop the professional capital of the staff in your school? Drawing on research evidence, Ben Solly discusses his take as a school leader on the three key elements – human, decisional and social capital
Age- and gender-specific variations of the epiphyseal tilt and epiphyseal angle in adolescents without hip pathology
Authors: Novais E. N. , Kienle K.-P. , Miller P. E. , Bowen G. , Kim Y.-J. , Bixby S. D.
Published: March 2018

Purpose

To determine age-and gender-dependent variation of epiphyseal tilt and epiphyseal angle using CT in adolescents without hip pathology.

Methods

Pelvic CT scans were obtained in 132 adolescents for evaluation of abdominal pain. Radially oriented planes around the femoral neck were reformatted and the epiphyseal tilt and angle were measured in the anterior, anterosuperior and superior planes. Variations in the tilt angle and epiphyseal angle were assessed by age group from 12 to 18 years and gender by using a linear mixed model analysis.

Results

The epiphyseal tilt did not change (p = 0.97) with increasing age. Male patients exhibited smaller tilt angle in the anterosuperior plane (p = 0.003) but no difference was detected in the anterior (p = 0.17) or superior (p = 0.06) planes. The epiphyseal angle decreased with increasing age in the anterior (p = 0.03), anterosuperior (p = 0.001) and superior (p < 0.001) planes in male patients, with no variation in female patients (p = 0.92). Male patients had larger epiphyseal angles in the anterior (p = 0.02), anterosuperior (p < 0.001) and superior (p = 0.002) planes compared with female patients.

Conclusion

We found no age-specific variations in the epiphyseal tilt and no difference in the epiphyseal tilt in male and female patients in the superior and anterior plane. The epiphyseal angle was smaller in female patients, however, the epiphyseal angle decreased with increasing age in male patients which corresponds to an increase in epiphyseal extension. The reference values reported in this study may serve as additional information in the evaluation of adolescents with hip pain and as reference for future studies investigating slipped capital femoral epiphysis and femoroacetabular impingement development.

Level of Evidence

Level III Diagnostic Study
Working towards gender equality in small and medium-sized third sector organisations: an incremental approach
Authors: Harris Margaret , Miller Helena
Published: March 2018

This paper describes and discusses a gender equality project conducted with Jewish third sector organisations (TSOs). An adapted version of ‘Project Juno’ was used to support six small or mediumsized TSOs in working towards gender equality. Key learning points for the wider TSO sector are drawn out.
Exploring the Relationship Between School Transformation and Inclusion: A Bayesian Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Kurth Jennifer A. , Morningstar Mary E. , Hicks Tyler A. , Templin Jonathan
Published: March 2018

Grounded in research and federal law, inclusive education is a right and preferred placement for all learners with disabilities receiving special education services. However, most students in the U.S. education system do not have access to inclusive education and few models are available to demonstrate how schools can develop and implement inclusive services. The purpose of this study was to describe the outcomes of one such endeavor, the SWIFT technical assistance model, aimed at transforming schools to develop inclusive, effective instruction for all students. Multilevel multinomial modeling was used to predict rates of inclusion over time for a subset of students with disabilities in schools participating in SWIFT technical assistance. The findings suggest schools did become more inclusive in their services, with many students predicted to be served in less restrictive general education placements and others no longer requiring special education services. Implications for inclusive education are provided.
Leadership for Equity and Inclusivity in Schools: The Cultural Work of Inclusive Schools
Authors: Kozleski Elizabeth B. , Choi Jeong Hoon
Published: March 2018

A set of schools located across the United States partnered with a federally funded inclusive schools systems approach to improving outcomes for all students—both general and special education students, including students with extensive support needs stemming from intellectual and developmental disabilities. Two years of data from the schools provided evidence of changes in specific school leadership practices. Schools that received targeted, feature-specific technical assistance in the Administrative Leadership domain improved their administrative leadership performance as measured by the Schoolwide Integrated Framework for Transformation Fidelity of Implementation Tool (SWIFT-FIT). Improvements were noted in the two major aspects of leadership measurement: Strong and Engaged Site Leadership and Strong Educator Support System features. Improvements corresponded with higher achievement scores on English Language Arts and Math as measured by the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) assessment. These results show promise for continued focus on improving school administrator leadership in order to install more inclusive systems of support for learning that are associated with higher levels of student achievement.
Waiting for a hypothetical asylum: The photographic coverage of the Maximilian Park in Brussels
Authors: Standaert Olivier , Derèze Gérard
Published: March 2018

This article investigates the photographic coverage of the migration crisis in Belgium. It focuses on an event that captured the attention of the Belgian media in September 2015. At the end of the summer, hundreds of Syrian and Iraqi refugees, waiting for a hypothetical asylum in Belgium, suddenly set up a camp in the middle of the Maximilian Park, which is located in the heart of Brussels, near the Immigration Office. Up to 1000 people slept there until the camp was dismantled in early October. These events generated a wave of citizen solidarity and constant political agitation over regularization of the refugees. Technical, thematic and contextual analysis of the photographic coverage of the Maximilian Park in four Belgian newspapers (two ‘popular’ titles and two ‘quality papers’) helps not just to understand how what happened there is to be distinguished from other pictures and stereotypes of refugees, but also how these images express and feed longer crisis narratives at both Belgian and European levels. We observed that the photo coverage of the quality newspapers focused on the refugees and the living conditions in the park (while the tabloid newspapers largely ignored them). Instead of showing the refugees as a threat or as distant foreigners facing a new interlocutor (the volunteers of the park), those pictures chose to get as close as possible to the refugees’ daily life and their difficult living conditions. In doing so, however, the pictures presented to the readers seemed far from the tendency to universalize ‘the refugee’ and do not question photojournalism as a form of humanism.
End of an era and the debacle of cross-border media building projects in Africa
Authors: Phiri Sam
Published: March 2018

In the 1990s following the collapse of the Berlin Wall in Germany and the death of Apartheid in South Africa, several cross-national initiatives were undertaken in Africa to strengthen the role of the media in nascent democracies. Some 30 years later, several of these initiatives are dead while the surviving ones are on the brink of folding. This discussion takes a critical historic synopsis by exploring the conjectural and chronological foundations for such media initiatives, in particular, in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It concludes that while much was accomplished, these foreign-inspired endeavours are no longer valid, useable or germane and ought to be abandoned. That way, Africa shall define its own urgencies, priorities and destiny without the external stimulus.
Talking ubuntu: Towards a relational talk show model
Authors: Tavernaro-Haidarian Leyla
Published: March 2018

In this article I discuss some of the prevalent and oppositional discursive strategies employed in the media and in talk show programming. I elaborate on the normative underpinnings of these strategies and offer a contrasting approach rooted in the harmonious, cohesive and relational notions of power and human relations associated with the African moral philosophy of ubuntu. By drawing on examples from specific talk show samples, I highlight how some key elements of discourse can be reconceptualized towards ‘deliberative’ ends. Informed by ‘I am because we are’, my model has a practical rather than theoretical thrust.
Cecil the lion in the British media: The pride and prejudice of the press
Authors: Somerville Keith
Published: March 2018

When US talk show host Jimmy Kimmel shed tears on his TV show about the killing of a lion that had been nicknamed Cecil, he helped unleash a storm of media coverage, social media response and comment that shed an interesting light on media coverage of wildlife and conservation issues. The killing of the lion in Zimbabwe in July 2015 led to media coverage of an unprecedented nature. The media hits on the story were greater than for any previous conservation story in living memory. But the tone and content of the stories was also as important as the scale. The use of language was hyperbolic, the attention to detail poor and the use of sources fell outside what is normally considered good journalistic practice. This article analyses the coverage of the story in the British media and the likely effects for the understanding of lion conservation and wildlife in general.
Towards understanding healthcare professionals’ adoption and use of technologies in clinical practice: using Q-methodology and models of technology acceptance
Authors: Ladan Muhammad Awwal , Wharrad Heather , Windle Richard
Published: March 2018

Background

Globally, technologies have been recognised to improve productivity across different areas of practice including healthcare. This has been achieved by the expansion of computers and other forms of information technologies (ITs). Despite this advancement, there have also been growing challenges to the adoption and use of these technologies within practice, sometimes with unintended or unexpected consequences. However, the barriers and drivers to IT and, more specifically, e-health adoption within healthcare are little understood, especially in areas such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where e-health adoption is relatively new.

Methodology

This paper describes a pilot study to develop and validate sample statements for use within a later substantive Q-methodology study. The aim of the main study was to understand factors that influence healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) attitudes towards IT adoption and use in SSA. We report on the use of this methodology to explore the subjectivity of HCPs together with the models of technology acceptance [technology acceptance model (TAM) and the unified-theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)] used in combination for the first time.

Results

Following various stages and mapping of the two models of technology acceptance used, 46 statements were developed at the end of the pilot study. These statements were grouped into six themes to capture the constructs of the two models used in the study.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that it is possible to use TAM and UTAUT to develop a comprehensive set of statements. These statements reflect choices that HCPs consider on IT/e-health adoption and use in SSA which can be used in a Q-study.
Cerh-Ta'dîl Bağlamında İmam Şafiî'ye Yöneltilen İthamlar
Authors: KANARYA Bayram
Published: March 2018

İlk dönemlerde hadislerin sıhhati konusu, cerh-ta’dîl kriterleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Kaynaklarda hadis rivayeti bağlamında İmam Şafiî’ye yönelik bazı ithamlar bulunmaktadır.  Yahya b. Main (ö. 233/848) onun hakkında bir tartışma olduğunu belirtirken el-İclî (ö. 261/875) ise onun teşeyyua meylettiğini savunmuştur. Bir diğer tartışma konusu ise Buhârî ve Müslim’in ondan hadis almamasıdır. Mezkûr sebeplerden dolayı İmam Şafiî’nin hadis rivayeti konusunda yeterli olmadığı savı üzerinde durulmuştur. İmam Şafiî’yi cerh sadedinde zikredilen argümanlar alanla uğraşan hemen herkes tarafından kabul görmemiş ve buna karşı çıkılmıştır. Rical ilmi ile ilgilenen bir çok alim onun hadis ilminde sıka ve güvenilir olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Hadis usulü ile ilgili ilk eseri veren (er-Risâle) ve hadisler arasındaki çelişkili görünen ifadeleri uzlaştıran (İhtilâfü’l-Hadîs) İmam Şafiî’nin rivayet kriterlerini taşımadığını ileri sürmek isbatı zor bir iddiadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu iddialar ele alınmış ve bu iddiaların yeterliliği tartışılmıştır.
Şeyhülislâm Ebû İshakzâde Es‘ad Efendi'nin Nasriyye İsimli Eseri
Authors: ALPAYDIN Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2018

Şeyhülislâm Ebû İshakzâde Mehmed Es‘ad Efendi, çok sayıda Şeyhülislâm, âlim ve bürokrat yetiştirmiş bir âilenin üyesidir. Küçük yaştan itibaren iyi bir eğitim alan Es‘ad Efendi’nin de, çok yönlü bir âlim ve devlet adamı olarak temeyyüz ettği görülmektedir. Farklı sahalarda eserler vermiş olan Es‘ad Efendi’nin tefsire dair eserleri de bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede Es‘ad Efendi’nin tefsir eserlerinden birisi olan “Nasriyye” isimli risâle ele alınmaktadır. Sultan I. Mahmûd’a ithâfen kaleme alınan eserde, içerisinde نصر kelimesi ve müştaklarının yer aldığı ayetler tefsir edilmektedir. Metodolojik anlamda tam olarak mutabakat göstermese de, konulu tefsir mefhûmunun Osmanlı dönemindeki bir örneği sayılabilecek eserin transkripsiyonu da makalede yer almaktadır.
Evaluation of Students’ Attitudes towards e-Exams and Use of Technology in Theology Distance Undergraduate Education Programs
Authors: BAŞARAN Bülent , YALMAN Murat , ERKAN Serdar
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to introduce the multimedia applications in Theology Distance Undergraduate Education Program (TDUEP) and to determine the users’ attitudes towards exams executed to assess the outcomes. For this purpose, PowerPoint documents, videos, SCORMcompatible e-learning materials and Adobe Connect live lesson applications were developed to guide users in theology education as well as to make the teaching and learning process more entertaining. The study was carried out with 1500 students registered to TDUEP at a state university. The questionnaire form developed was applied to the students during the end-of-term exam week. The questionnaire forms which were not filled out completely or appropriately were excluded, and the remaining total number of questionnaire forms decreased to 1286. The results of the analysis of the questionnaire forms filled out by the participants revealed that there was no significant difference in the students’ attitudes towards the web-based assessment system with respect to their gender and class grades. On the other hand, the results of the Chi-Square independence test conducted to examine whether the variable of gender had any relationship with the exam duration, place-independence of the exams and use of the exam system demonstrated that there were significant differences between the groups.
Kurtuluşa Eren Fırka/el-Fırkatu’n-Nâciyye İnancı
Authors: KANTER Özden
Published: March 2018

Kurtuluşa eren fırka hakkında yapılan çalışmalar, bu inanca temel oluşturan hadisin sahih kabul edilmesi ve fırkaların bu yargıya göre sınıflandırılmasında yoğunlaşmaktadır. Hadisin metin çözümlemesi ve Kur’an ayetlerine arz edilmesi çok az önemsenmiştir. Bu makalede amaç; bu inancın oluştuğu toplumsal yapıyı ve tarihsel süreçte ortaya çıkan eğilimleri çözümlemektir. Bu inanç; Kur’an’ın anlatımları doğrultusunda çözümlenmiş, fırkaların bu inançlarının toplumsal temelleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş ve oluşan anlayışlar kritik edilmiştir. Bu hadisin, Muhammed’in (a.s.) vefatından sonra ortaya çıkan eğilimleri meşrulaştırmak üzere oluşturulduğuna vurgu yapılmıştır.
SON ÇAĞRI KUR’AN’IN MUKADDİMESİ ÜZERİNE
Authors: ETHEM Mürsel
Published: March 2018

Kur’an’ın çevirisinin yapıldığı en yaygın dillerden birisi Türkçedir. Türkiye’de kemiyet açısındanmeal çok olup keyfiyet açısından nev-i şahsına münhasır meal çok azdır. Nev-i şahsına münhasırçalışmalardan birisi Salih Akdemir’in Son Çağrı Kur’an isimli Türkçe mealdir. Akdemir buçalışmasının “Giriş” bölümünde hem tefsir ilmi hem de Kur’an’ın farklı dillere tercüme edecek mealyazarları için yöntemleri anlatmıştır. Bu çalışmada Akdemir’in söz konusu “Giriş”i incelenecektir.
Seçmeli Din Dersleri Neden Tercih Edilmiyor? (Ordu İli Örneği)
Authors: Gündoğdu Yusuf Bahri
Published: March 2018

Cumhuriyet tarihine bakıldığında, 2012 yılının Türkiye’de din eğitimi açısından bir dönüm noktası olduğu söylenebilir. Bu tarihle birlikte, varlığı hep bir tartışma konusu olan din derslerinin, zorunlu öğretiminin yanı sıra seçmeli olarak da tercih edilebilme imkânı doğmuştur. 2012 yılında yayımlanan haftalık ders çizelgeleri incelendiğinde, çok farklı ilgi ve yeteneğe hitap eden pek çok sayıdaki dersin çizelgede yer aldığı görülmektedir. Bu dersler arasında “din, ahlak ve değerler” grubu içeresinde yer alan Kur’an-ı Kerim, Hz. Muhammed’in Hayatı ve Temel Dinî Bilgiler dersleri de bulunmaktadır. Seçmeli din derslerini tercih etmeyen öğrencilerin seçimlerini etkileyen faktörleri tespit etmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışma, 2016-2017 öğretim yılında Ordu İline bağlı beş farklı okulda öğrenim gören 559 öğrenci üzerinde tarama modeli ve anket tekniğiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, öğrencilerin seçmeli din derslerini tercih etmemesinin en önemli nedeninin “dinî bilgiler” bakımından kendilerini yeterli görmeleri ve ilahiyat alanı dışında eğitim alma istekleri olduğunu göstermektedir. Program geliştirme açısından araştırmanın ortaya koyduğu en önemli sonuç ise öğrencilerin din derslerinde aynı konuların tekrar edilmesinden duyduğu isteksizliktir. Benzer konuların kısmen değişik halleriyle hemen hemen her öğretim seviyesinde tekrar ediliyor olması, öğrencilerin seçmeli din derslerini tercih etmelerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip görünmektedir. Ayrıca seçmeli ders içerikleri hakkında yeterince bilgi sahibi olmama, öğretmen yeterlikleri ve öğretim teknikleri gibi konular da öğrencilerin tercihlerini olumsuz etkileyen faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Program geliştirmede karar vericiler tarafından din derslerindeki konu tekrarları ortadan kaldırılmalı, öğrencilerin seçmeli dersler hakkındaki bilgilendirilme ve rehberlik ihtiyaçları tam olarak karşılanmalıdır.
Dini İstismara Açık Bilgi Kaynağı Olarak “Ayrıcalıklı Bilgi”: Keşf, İlham ve Rüya –Felsefi Bir Analiz-
Authors: TOKAT Latif
Published: March 2018

İslam düşüncesinde bilginin üç temel kaynağının olduğu kabul edilir. Bunlar, haber bilgisi, aklî bilgi ve duyu bilgisidir. Haber bilgisi kelimenin dar anlamıyla bir insan olarak sadece peygambere özgü bilgi çeşididir ve kaynağı Tanrı’dır. Ancak bir insan olarak peygamberlerin böyle bir bilgiye sahip olmaları başka insanların da aynı kaynaktan bilgi edinmelerinin mümkün olabileceği fikrine yol açmıştır. Adı, keşf, ilham ve rüya yoluyla bilgi edinme olarak anılsa da, aslında peygamber dışındaki insanların sahip olduğu bu bilginin gördüğü muamele vahiy bilgisinden çok da farklı olmamıştır. Doğal olarak böyle bir bilgiye sahip olan kişiler de tıpkı peygamberlerde olduğu gibi “ayrıcalıklı kişi” muamelesi görmüştür. Bu araştırmada İslam düşüncesinde temel teolojik tartışma konularından birisi olan “ayrıcalıklı bilgi” ve bununla bağlantılı olan “ayrıcalıklı kişi” probleminin gerçekliği, sebepleri, dayanakları, temelleri ve sonuçları teolojik yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte bu düşüncenin sebep ve sonuçlarının, felsefi, psikolojik ve fenomenolojik analizleri yapılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Gayrimüslim Hâkimiyeti Altında Yaşamanın Fıkhî Açıdan İmkânı Üzerine
Authors: Arangül Muammer
Published: March 2018

Tarihte olduğu gibi günümüzde de milyonlarca müslüman, gayrimüslimlerin hâkimiyeti altında yaşamaktadır. Ancak günümüzde bu, geçmişle karşılaştırılması mümkün olmayan bir niceliğe ulaşmıştır. Müslümanlar, refah içinde özgürce yaşadıkları ülkelere sahip oldukları dönemlerde, değişik gerekçelerle gayrimüslimlerin hâkimiyetini meşru görmeye yanaşmamışlar; ancak tarihsel gerçeklik siyasi ve ekonomik açıdan onlardan yüz çevirmeye başladıkça, onlar da bunun bazı İslami prensiplere riayet etmek şartıyla mümkün olabileceğini düşünmeye başlamışlardır. Makalemizde, konunun fıkıh literatüründe nasıl ele alındığını incelemek suretiyle gayrimüslim ülkelerde yaşayan müslümanları bir nebze olsun aydınlatmayı ve problemin çözümüne katkı sağlamayı umuyoruz.
Rousseau’da İnsan Doğası ve Değerler Eğitimi
Authors: Tüfenkçi Semra , Çetin Mustafa
Published: March 2018

Rousseau, insan doğasını ve bu doğadan kaynaklanan her şeyi ilk haliyle iyi kabul eder. Bu nedenle eğitimin insan doğasını törpülemeye dönük olmaması, insan doğasındaki olumlu duyguları açığa çıkarması gerektiği üzerinde durur. Rousseau’nun Emile adlı eserinde dile getirdiği bu düşüncelerin eğitimciler üzerinde büyük etkisi olmuş, özellikle modern eğitim yaklaşımlarının değer eğitimi anlayışlarına yön vermiştir. Bu makalede insan doğasının salt iyi olduğunu kabul eden Rousseau’nun negatif eğitim yaklaşımı incelenmiş, negatif eğitimin değerler eğitimi açısından önemi tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Rousseau’nun özgün insan doğası anlayışı, çıkış noktası, temel iddiaları ve ana kavramları açısından irdelenmiştir. Rousseau’nun eğitim anlayışının değerler eğitimi açısından önemi ve Rousseaucu negatif eğitim anlayışının değerler eğitimine yansımaları da makale kapsamında ele alınmış, sonuç bölümünde negatif eğitim anlayışının günümüz değerler eğitimi açısından önemi tartışılmıştır.
Hanefî Mezhebinde Sahâbe Kavlinin Hüccet Değeri
Authors: ÇETİNTAŞ Recep
Published: March 2018

Erken döneme ait muhtelif furû’ kaynaklarında sahâbî kavli konusunda Ebû Hanîfe’ye (ö. 150/767) isnat edilen bazı rivayetler mevcut olmakla birlikte Serahsî (ö. 483/1090) hariç ilk dönem Hanefî usulcüler eserlerinde bunlara yer vermemiştir. Yalnızca Serahsî mezkûr rivayetlerden bir tanesini el-Usûl adlı eserinde rivayet etmiştir. Diğerlerinin bu konuda Ebü’l-Hasen el-Kerhî’nin (ö. 340/952) etkisinde kaldıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Zira Kerhî, sahâbe icmâʻı dışında Ebû Hanîfe’den bu konuda sağlam yollarla bir sözün gelmediğini söylemiştir. Bu sebeple ilk dönem Hanefî usûlcüler bu rivayetlerden daha ziyade tümevarım yöntemiyle Ebû Hanîfe’nin fıkhî çözümlemelerini inceleyerek bu konudaki görüşünü tespit etme yöntemini tercih etmişlerdir. Neticede onun sahâbe icmâʻı yanında akıl ile kavranamayacak konularda muhalifi bilinmeyen sahâbe kavliyle amel etme konusunda tatbikatının birleştiği; akıl ile kavranabilecek konulardaki sahâbî kavliyle amel etme hususunda ise tatbikatının farklı olduğu sonucuna varmışlardır. Bundan dolayı mütekaddimûn ve müteahhirûn Hanefî usûlcüler sahâbe icmâʻı yanında akıl ile kavranamayacak meselelerde muhâlifi bilinmeyen sahâbî kavlinin tâbiûn ve onlardan sonra gelen müçtehitler için hüccet teşkil edeceği konusunda görüş birliği etmişlerdir. Buna mukabil akıl ve re’y ile kavranabilecek konularda sahâbe kavlinin hüccet teşkil edip etmeyeceği konusunda görüş ayrılığına düşmüşlerdir. Bu konuda Ebû Saîd el-Berdaî (ö. 317/930) ile talebesi Ebü’l-Hasen el-Kerhî’nin temsil ettiği iki görüş ortaya çıkmıştır. Ebû Saîd el-Berdaî akılla kavranamayacak konularda olduğu gibi akılla kavranabilecek konularda da sahâbe kavliyle amel etmenin vacip olduğu görüşünü benimsemiştir. Berdaî’den sonra gelen Hanefî usûlcülerin çoğunluğu da bu görüşü benimsemişlerdir. Ebü’l-Hasen el-Kerhî ise hocası Berdaî’nin aksine akıl ve re’y ile kavranabilecek konulardaki sahâbî kavliyle amel etmenin câiz olmadığı görüşünü benimsemiştir. Ancak Debûsî (ö. 430/1039) ve İbnü’l-Hümam (ö. 861/1457) dışında Kerhî’nin bu görüşüne meyleden usûlcüye neredeyse rastlanmamaktadır.
XV. Asırda Yaşamış Bir Osmanlı Müfessiri Olan Muhyiddin Muhammed En-Niksârî ve Tefsîr-i Sûre-i İhlâs’ı
Authors: ALPAYDIN Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2018

Muhyiddin Muhammed en-Niksârî XV. yüzyılın önde gelen Osmanlı ulemâsındandır. Tefsir, fıkıh, kelam, belagat ve astronomi sahalarında eserler veren Niksârî, özellikle tefsir sahasındaki derinliği ile öne çıkmıştır. Kastamonu’da Candaroğlu İsmâil Bey’in kendisi için yaptırdığı medresede müderris olarak görev yaparken, Osmanlı sultanı II. Bayezid’in davetiyle İstanbul’a gelmiştir. II. Bayezid’in kendisini görevlendirmesi üzerine Fatih ve Ayasofya camilerinde yaklaşık on beş sene boyunca tefsir dersleri vermiş ve bu derslerde Kur’ân’ı baştan sona tefsir etmiştir. Fakat gördüğümüz kadarı ile Niksârî’nin tefsir sahasındaki faaliyetleri büyük oranda şifâhi kalmış ve yazıya geçirilmemiştir. Kaynaklar ve kütüphane kayıtları Niksârî’ye nisbet edilen üç tefsir eserine işâret etmektedir, fakat bunlardan sadece iki tanesi elimize ulaşabilmiştir. Bu eserlerden birisi Sultan II. Bayezid’e ithâfen telif ettiği Duhân sûresi tefsiridir. Diğeri ise Türkçe olarak yazdığı İhlâs sûresi tefsiridir. Niksârî’nin İhlâs sûresi tefsiri Osmanlı döneminde kaleme alınmış en erken tarihli Türkçe sûre tefsirlerinden birisidir. Makalede Niksârî’nin söz konusu İhlas sûresi tefsirinin tahlili yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca Tefsîr-i Sûre-i İhlâs’ın transkripsiyonlu metni de makalede yer almaktadır.
Being Pious Among Indonesian Salafists
Authors: Wahib Ahmad Bunyan
Published: March 2018

This essay is a brief explanation on the development of the process of Islamic Puritanism among Salafis in Indonesia. The article argues that the Salafis in Indonesia are in the process of puritanization and Arabization. Being pious, to them, means that one has to become an Arab and a Puritan Muslim. This puritanization of Islam is shown by purifying Islamic doctrines from any deviation. That is, religious concepts and practices should be based on the Qur’an and the Sunna only. Likewise, Salafis present themselves as like Arabs as their men let their beard grows, wear turban and trousers above their ankles, while their women wear enveloping veil (niqab). The research also found out that the using of Arabic words, like abi (father), umi (mother), ‘ami (uncle), ‘ama (aunt), akhi and ukhti for friend, are widely popular. Changing name from Javanese to Arabic is another form of Arabization. The acts of piety among Indonesian purist Salafis show that Salafi challenges both secular and traditional worlds which aim to create a stronger bonding every the followers among them, but, at the same time, distance them from other groups.[Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang perkembangan proses puritanisasi diantara kaum Salafi di indonesia. Tulisan ini memberikan argumen bahwa anggota gerakan Salafi sebenarnya mengalami puritanisasi dan arabisasi. Mereka beranggapan bahwa menjadi orang baik dan saleh berarti menjadi seperti orang Arab dan muslim yang puritan dengan jalan memurnikan doktrin agama dari penyimpangan-penyimpangan. Cara yang diambil adalah dengan kembali kepada Al Qur’an dan As Sunnah. Misalnya bagi laki-laki salaf adalah menumbuhkan jenggot, menggunakan surban dan memakai celana yang panjangnya di atas mata kaki. Sedangkan bagi perempuan harus menggunakan jilbab. Selain itu penelitian ini juga menemukan populernya penggunaan nama panggilan yang berasal dari bahasa Arab, seperti abi, umi, ami dan ama diantara mereka sendiri. Ada juga kecenderungan pergantian nama Jawa menjadi nama Arab. Kesalehan mereka sebenarnya ditujukan untuk merespon tradisionalitas dan modernitas, akan tetapi disaat yuang sama mereka justru membuat jarak dengan kelompok yang lain.]
A Study of Panglima La’ōt: An ‘Adat Institution in Aceh
Authors: Bustamam-Ahmad Kamaruzzaman
Published: March 2018

This article is about a brief history of Panglima La’ōt Aceh and its current position along with Adat La’ōt (customary law) among Acehnese community. It will look at relationship between Adat and presence of Panglima La’ōt  (the Commanders of the Sea). To what extent we could say that there is a strong connection between the adat laot and Panglima La’ōt? It is argued that this institution has been established for more than 400 hundred years by the Kingdom of Aceh. It is also said that adat laot is one of the oldest customary law in Aceh. This article consists three sections. After the introduction, it will discuss the history of Panglima La’ōt in Aceh. The next section is about the current position of Panglima La’ōt in Acehnese society. Here, the data will be focussed on the dynamics of fisher and their perpection toward the Panglima La’ōt in different setting of research area. Finally, the examination of the revitalization of Panglima La’ōt as formal institution in, especially the overlapping of the authority of adat institution, will be provided in final section.[Tulisan ini merupakan penjelasan mengenai hubungan Panglima La’ot dengan hukum adat La’ot ditengah masyarakat Aceh dewasa ini yang secara resmi pemerintah daerahnya menegakkan syari’ah Islam. Sebagai salah satu institusi adat yang tertua sejak berdirinya kerajaan Aceh, Panglima La’ot dan adat La’ot mengalami dinamika yang luar biasa. Dengan mengambil studi kasus dibeberapa tempat yang berbeda, penulis menunjukkan bahwa formalisasi kembali institusi ini bukan hanya menjadi cara melestarikan warisan budaya, melainkan juga menjadi aparatus pemerintahan lokal yang mewakili masyarakat nelayan Aceh ditengah dinamika ekonomi politik lokal, regional dan internasional.]
Simulating Environmental Impacts Based On The Example Of Roşia Montană
Authors: Barton Gábor
Published: March 2018

One of the challenges of modern terrain modelling methods is to incorporate non-existing, planned features in the output. Remote sensing based solutions can only detect structures and shapes that are already present in the environment. In order to assess the impacts of a planned development on the surrounding landscape properly it is inevitable to solve this issue. In addition to the environmental, social and economic consequences, mining activities, especially open cast mining will also leave significant scars on the landscape. These can not only have a visual effect but also impact local weather conditions by changing winds, precipitation patterns. The current paper demonstrates a collection of methods and techniques able to cope with the various challenges that arise when modelling the landscape impacts of such developments. The experiments were performed in the area of Roşia Montană, where a Canadian company plans to create the largest open cast gold mine in Europe. The results of the terrain modelling process allow for the quantification of the estimated impacts on the terrain and the land cover of the area caused by the mining project. The presented methodology and visualisation tools can also facilitate the decision support mechanisms making the communication ‘more understandable’ amongst stakeholders; information meetings and public hearings involving organizing groups at any level. Obtaining the results required the development of several unconventional techniques especially in terrain modelling and visual landscape simulation, involving the combination of sometimes very different base methods.
Factors Responsible For Rural Residential Water Supply Shortage In Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Obeta Michael Chukwuma , Nwankwo Cletus Famous
Published: March 2018

Efficient water supply is very crucial to sustenance of socio-economic growth, poverty attenuation, and food security. In most rural areas of developing countries including Nigeria water supplies are not commensurate with demand leading to a shortfall in water use and many people suffer from this scenario. This research investigated the factors responsible for rural residential water supply shortage in Southeastern Nigeria. Data were collected through the use of four mixed but complimentary methods namely questionnaire survey, interviews, focus group discussions and secondary data sources. The data generated were analyzed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Principal Component Analysis was employed to combine the variables accounting for water supply shortage into a few underlying dimensions. The results indicated that physical environment and inadequate water supply infrastructure; socio-economic and geographical location; management and socio-cultural problems are responsible for water supply shortage in the area. Residential water supply can be sustainable in the area by regulating the influence of these factors impacting on water supply as well as lessen the implications of water deficiency. The research concludes that the process of water supply development should be stepwise in accordance with the participatory and managerial capacity of communities.
Investigation Of Tree Stands Of Public Spaces In Szeged
Authors: Takács Ágnes , Kiss Márton , Tanács Eszter , Varga Levente , Gulyás Ágnes
Published: March 2018

In urban areas vegetation (especially woody vegetation) is of utmost importance, since it affects the ecological conditions of the city. Urban trees play an important role in improving urban climate both at the local (city, district) and the micro-level (e.g. in public squares). Establishing and maintaining advanced and detailed information systems necessary for the management of urban tree stands is an important task of environmental and climate-conscious city management. Despite that, few of the Hungarian municipalities have a regularly updated tree database. The city of Szeged started efficient green space management in autumn 2013, when we started the creation of a detailed and up-to-date tree register for the public areas, which has been continuously expanded ever since. The survey of the present study covers the period of the growing season, from late spring to early autumn of 2013. All the trees are included in the survey and quite a number of data are recorded for each individual (e.g. species, age, size parameters, exact location, health status, etc.). The recorded data are paper-based, however they are included in a GIS-based green space inventory software, Greenformatic, where coordinates are associated to each object, while information on the state of the tree, its location and handling can be found in the attribute table. The trees included are mostly concentrated in the inner city of Szeged, but the surveys will gradually cover ever larger areas of the city. The results highlight the fact that the structural attributes of the different species’ populations are formed by the integrated effect of the species’ urban tolerance and planting policies of the past decades. The current database already allows highly complex analysis, which contributes to the well-being of city residents.
Tree-Ring Width And Its Interrelation With Environmental Parameters: Case Study In Central Hungary
Authors: Ladányi Zsuzsanna , Blanka Viktória
Published: March 2018

Tree ring width is influenced by several internal and external factors, among which climate became one of the most dominant due to the altering conditions and patterns of precipitation and temperature. The study aims to analyse the interrelationship between tree ring-width and the dominant environmental parameters in a landscape exposed to water scarcity in the past decades due to climate change and human interventions. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and white poplar (Populus alba) plantations were sampled to reveal their exposure to climatic forcing and water scarcity (different water availability). Correlation and similarity analysis were carried out to compare the calculated ring-width indices to climatic parameters and aridity indices. Tree ring sensitivity was assessed to reveal the impact of water scarcity on yearly ring-growth. Spatial overlapping of significance levels and mean sensitivity with the hydrological changes of the past decades were evaluated to reveal presumable spatial differences of the investigated samples. In the study area (South Danube-Tisza Interfluve) droughts and the deep groundwater table had both impacts on tree growth. The spectacular decrease of ring-width corresponds to the drought years determined by the investigated aridity indices. The relationship between the climate parameters and the ring-widths varies spatially with the changing site conditions. The highest level of correlation coefficients was experienced in areas with the lowest level of water availability. Ring-width sensitivity assessments showed an increasing tendency of sensitivity when comparing the consecutive decades, except for samples with favorable water availability.
Short-Term Training and Detraining Effects of Supervised vs. Unsupervised Resistance Exercise in Aging Adults
Authors: Orange Samuel T. , Marshall Phil , Madden Leigh A. , Vince Rebecca V.
Published: March 2018

Orange, ST, Marshall, P, Madden, LA, and Vince, RV. Short-term training and detraining effects of supervised vs. unsupervised resistance exercise in aging adults. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2733–2742, 2019—This study compared the effects of a 4-week supervised (SUP) resistance training program and unsupervised (UNSUP) resistance training program followed by 12 weeks of detraining (DET). Thirty-six healthy aging adults (age: 53.6 ± 3.6 years; body mass index: 28.3 ± 5.1 kg·m−2) were randomly allocated to an SUP group (n = 17) or a UNSUP group (n = 19). Participants completed 3 training sessions per week using resistance bands and body weight movements. Measures of physical performance were administered at baseline, at the end of the training program, and after the DET period. Function was assessed with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), timed up-and-go (TUG), 30-second chair sit-to-stand (STS), stair-climb test (SCT), 40-m fast-paced walk test (FPWT) and sit-and-reach test (SRT), whereas the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and hand grip test were used to measure muscle strength. After training, improvements in performance were found in the 6MWT, TUG, 30-second chair STS, SCT, FPWT, SRT, and IMTP (p ≤ 0.05), with no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). In addition, most of the training-induced improvements remained significantly above baseline values after the DET period (p ≤ 0.05). No significant between-group differences were observed after training or DET (p > 0.05). Four weeks of either SUP or UNSUP resistance training is sufficient to substantially improve muscle strength and function in aging adults, and these gains are largely preserved after prescribed exercise cessation. Home-based resistance training seems to be a practical and effective alternative to traditional SUP programs that may help circumvent many barriers to physical activity in aging adults.
Association of Hip and Trunk Strength With Three-Dimensional Trunk, Hip, and Knee Kinematics During a Single-Leg Drop Vertical Jump
Authors: Martinez Adalberto F. , Lessi Giovanna C. , Carvalho Cristiano , Serrao Fábio V.
Published: March 2018

Martinez, AF, Lessi, GC, Carvalho, C, and Serrao, FV. Association of hip and trunk strength with three-dimensional trunk, hip, and knee kinematics during a single-leg drop vertical jump. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 1902–1908, 2018—Kinematic changes have been correlated with different lower-limb injuries. Movement is influenced by multiple factors and strength is one of the contributors that can influence it. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation among trunk and hip isometric strength with trunk and lower-limb kinematics during a single-leg drop vertical jump. Twenty-three healthy recreational female athletes aged between 18 and 35 years underwent isometric evaluation of hip abductor, hip extensor, and lateral trunk muscle strength and 3-dimensional trunk and lower-limb kinematics during a single-leg drop vertical jump. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to establish the association among hip and trunk strength and trunk, hip, and knee kinematics. As result, no significant correlations were found between the peak and movement excursion values of kinematic and hip and trunk isometric strength data. The lack of correlation between isometric strength and kinematics in healthy female athletes indicates that intervention programs should not be focused solely on strength exercises to influence the movement pattern during single-landing activities.
Comparison Between Bench Press Throw and Ballistic Push-up Tests to Assess Upper-Body Power in Trained Individuals
Authors: Bartolomei Sandro , Nigro Federico , Ruggeri Sandro , Malagoli Lanzoni Ivan , Ciacci Simone , Merni Franco , Sadres Eliahu , Hoffman Jay R. , Semprini Gabriele
Published: March 2018

Bartolomei, S, Nigro, F, Ruggeri, S, Malagoli Lanzoni, I, Ciacci, S, Merni, F, Sadres, E, Hoffman, JR, and Semprini, G. Comparison between bench press throw and ballistic push-up tests to assess upper-body power in trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1503–1510, 2018—The purpose of this study was to validate the ballistic push-up (BPU) test performed with hands on a force plate as a method to measure upper-body power. Twenty-eight experienced resistance-trained men (age = 25.4 ± 5.2 years; body mass = 78.5 ± 9.0 kg; body height = 179.6 ± 7.8 cm) performed, 2 days apart, a bench press 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test and upper-body power tests. Mean power (MP) and peak power (PP) were assessed using the bench press throw (BT) test and the BPU test performed in randomized order. The area under the force/power curve (AUC) obtained at BT was also calculated. Power expressed at BPU was estimated using a time-based prediction equation. Mean force and the participant's body weight were used to predict the bench press 1RM. Pearson product-moment correlations were used to examine relationships between the power assessment methods and between the predicted 1RM bench and the actual value. Large correlations (0.79; p < 0.001) were found between AUC and MP expressed at BPU. Large correlations were also detected between MP and PP expressed at BT and BPU (0.75; p < 0.001 and 0.74; p < 0.001, respectively). Very large correlations (0.87; p < 0.001) were found between the 1RM bench and the 1RM predicted by the BPU. Results of this study indicate that BPU represents a valid and reliable method to estimate the upper-body power in resistance-trained individuals.
Advanced Method for Quantifying Socket Roughness and Empirical Correlations
Authors: Jeon Byeong-Han , Kim Chae-Min , Choi Yongkyu
Published: March 2018

This article describes an advanced method for quantifying socket profiles and proposes empirical relations to estimate the maximum side resistance at the soft rock socket. At three boreholes in Busan, South Korea, socket profiles with a continuous 500-mm length were recorded by the Kyungsung Sonar Roughness Profiling System that was developed by the authors, and full-scale bidirectional pile-loading tests (BDPLTs) were performed to evaluate the mobilized side resistances for the soft rock sockets. Based on the reports of previous research, the concept of self-affine fractals was adopted to idealize the measured profiles, and the roughness ratio, which is a nondimensional factor, was proposed to quantitatively describe the asperity of the idealized profiles. From the results of the BDPLTs, the unit-side-load transfer curves, f-w curves, for the soft rock socket were plotted to determine the maximum unit-side resistances in accordance with the new mobilized displacement criterion predicated upon the reviews of 17 f-w curves for the soft rock socket obtained from BDPLTs conducted at other sites in South Korea. Furthermore, using these data, including the socket diameter, the unconfined compressive strength of the soft rock, and the roughness ratio, advanced empirical correlations considering socket roughness were studied and proposed in this article.
Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation and Ring Annuloplasty Repair
Authors: Weir William B. , Romano Matthew A. , Bolling Steven F.
Published: March 2018

Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) primarily arises from asymmetric dilation of the tricuspid annulus in the setting of right ventricular dysfunction and enlargement in response to left-sided myocardial and valvular abnormalities. Even if the TR is not severe at the time of mitral valve surgery, it can worsen and even appear late after successful mitral valve surgery, which portends a poor prognosis. Despite data demonstrating inferior outcomes in the presence of residual TR, surgical repair for functional TR remains underused. Acceptance of TR, in the presence of tricuspid annular dilation, may be unacceptable. Surgical repair should consist of placement of a rigid or semirigid annular ring, which has been shown to provide superior durability as compared with suture and flexible band techniques. Finally, percutaneous annuloplasty for correction of functional TR may allow treatment of patients with recurrent TR at high risk of reoperation.