bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The 125th Lys and 145th Thr Amino Acids in the GTPase Domain of Goose Mx Confer Its Antiviral Activity against the Tembusu Virus
Authors: Chen Shun , Zeng Miao , Liu Peng , Yang Chao , Wang Mingshu , Jia Renyong , Zhu Dekang , Liu Mafeng , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhao Xinxin , Cheng Anchun
Published: July 2018

The Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an avian pathogenic flavivirus that causes a highly contagious disease and catastrophic losses to the poultry industry. The myxovirus resistance protein (Mx) of innate immune effectors is a key antiviral “workhorse” of the interferon (IFN) system. Although mammalian Mx resistance against myxovirus and retrovirus was witnessed for decades, whether or not bird Mx has anti-flavivirus activity remains unknown. In this study, we found that the transcription of goose Mx (goMx) was obviously driven by TMUV infection, both in vivo and in vitro, and that the titers and copies of TMUV were significantly reduced by goMx overexpression. In both primary (goose embryo fibroblasts, GEFs) and passaged cells (baby hamster kidney cells, BHK21, and human fetal kidney cells, HEK 293T), it was shown that goMx was mainly located in the cytoplasm, and sporadically distributed in the nucleus. The intracellular localization of this protein is attributed to the predicted bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS; 30 residues: the 441st–471st amino acids of goMx). Intuitively, it seems that the cells with a higher level of goMx expression tend to have lower TMUV loads in the cytoplasm, as determined by an immunofluorescence assay. To further explore the antiviral determinants, a panel of variants was constructed. Two amino acids at the 125th (Lys) and 145th (Thr) positions in GTP-binding elements, not in the L4 loop (40 residues: the 532nd–572nd amino acids of goMx), were vital for the antiviral function of goMx against TMUV in vitro. These findings will contribute to our understanding of the functional significance of the antiviral system in aquatic birds, and the development of goMx could be a valuable therapeutic agent against TMUV.
Synthesis of a MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation
Authors: Li Zishun , Tang Xuekun , Liu Kun , Huang Jing , Xu Yueyang , Peng Qian , Ao Minlin
Published: July 2018

Heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts with the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), which offer the advantages of fast reaction rate, wide functional pH range and cost efficiency, have attracted great interest in wastewater treatment. In this study, a novel magnetic MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite nanocomposite is synthesized and then used as heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst to degrade the organic pollutant methylene blue (MB) with the activation of PMS. The characterization results show that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and nanoflower-like MnO2 are evenly distributed layer-by-layer on the surface of diatomite, which can be readily magnetically separated from the solution. The as-prepared catalyst, compared with other Fenton-like catalysts, shows a superb MB degradation rate of nearly 100% in 45 min in the pH range of 4 to 8 and temperature range of 25 to 55 °C. Moreover, the nanocomposite shows a good mineralization rate of about 60% in 60 min and great recyclability with a recycle efficiency of 86.78% after five runs for MB. The probable mechanism of this catalytic system is also proposed as a synergistic effect between MnO2 and Fe3O4.
Natural and redesigned wasp venom peptides with selective antitumoral activity
Authors: Torres Marcelo D T , Andrade Gislaine P , Sato Roseli H , Pedron Cibele N , Manieri Tania M , Cerchiaro Giselle , Ribeiro Anderson O , de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar , Oliveira Vani X
Published: July 2018

About 1 in 8 U.S. women (≈12%) will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of their lifetime. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormone manipulation constitute the major treatment options for breast cancer. Here, we show that both a natural antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from wasp venom (decoralin, Dec-NH2), and its synthetic variants generated via peptide design, display potent activity against cancer cells. We tested the derivatives at increasing doses and observed anticancer activity at concentrations as low as 12.5 μmol L−1 for the selective targeting of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Flow cytometry assays further revealed that treatment with wild-type (WT) peptide Dec-NH2 led to necrosis of MCF-7 cells. Additional atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements indicated that the roughness of cancer cell membranes increased significantly when treated with lead peptides compared to controls. Biophysical features such as helicity, hydrophobicity, and net positive charge were identified to play an important role in the anticancer activity of the peptides. Indeed, abrupt changes in peptide hydrophobicity and conformational propensity led to peptide inactivation, whereas increasing the net positive charge of peptides enhanced their activity. We present peptide templates with selective activity towards breast cancer cells that leave normal cells unaffected. These templates represent excellent scaffolds for the design of selective anticancer peptide therapeutics.
Fernando de los Ríos, a voice of the exiled Spanish Republican at the University of Puerto Rico
Authors: Naranjo Orovio Consuelo , Puig-Samper Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2018

The host of Spanish Republican intellectuals after the Spanish Civil War was linked to the establishment of scientific networks that had been forged before the exile. These networks provided a platform to the Spanish intellectual exile in many American countries. Puerto Rico was one of them. Its university supported the arrival of Republican professors and scientists, some of whom had already been on the island teaching some courses since 1924. Besides, the University of Puerto Rico invited several exiled professors to temporarily stay as guests. Fernando de los Rios was one of them. He stayed as professor in 1928 and 1944. His personal experience, ideology and conception of History and the past were reflected in the classes Fernando de los Rios gave at the University of Puerto Rico in 1944.
Dismissals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom’s representatives in Latin America as part of the strategy of “Opening to the Left” (1961-1964)
Authors: Glondys Olga
Published: July 2018

This article reconstructs the history and the polemics surrounding an operation of dismissals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom’s [CCF] local representatives in Latin America carried out between 1961 and 1964. The operation was a consequence of adoption of the new guidelines -“Opening to the Left”- implemented as a basis of the new Latin American program in response to the Cuban Revolution by the CCF’s executives. The process of dismissals in the local Committees dismantled the original Latin American program of the CCF and affected mainly representatives proceeding from the Spanish exile diaspora. In fact, the operation became a culmination of a process of marginalization of the Spanish exiles within the CCF structures. The study highlights the CCF’s politics of limiting of the personal political and cultural agendas of those of its employees who entered into collision with the Congress’s general ideological changing strategies.
El mercado de suelo urbano en el area metropolitana de Buenos Aires
Authors: Cebrián Juan Antonio , Adela Igarzábai María
Published: July 2018

No disponible.
El primer movimiento migratorio en la biografía de los españoles
Authors: Puga González M.ª Dolores , Abellán García Antonio
Published: July 2018

Análisis del fenómeno migratorio desde la óptica del curso de vida de sus protagonistas: es un estudio longitudinal de la historia migratoria de las tres primeras cohortes del siglo (los nacidos en 1901-10, 1911-20 y 1921-30), y más en concreto de su primer movimiento, que para la mayoría de ellos fue el único y para casi todos el más importante y de mayores consecuencias biográficas. Se trata de situar la movilidad en el momento cronológico o histórico en que se produce, y en el momento biográfico o edad del sujeto en el cambio de municipio de residencia.

[fr] Analyse du procès migratoire dès la perspective de la coiurse de vie; c'est une étude longitudinal de l'histoire migratoire des trois premières cohortes du siècle (1901-10, 1911-20, 1921-30), plus précisément de leur premier mouvement, qui fut l'unique pour la majorité et le plus important avec des grandes conséquences biographiques. Il s'agit de situer cette mobilité dans le moment historique où elle se développe et dans le moment biographique de l'individu.
Packet Dropping Counter Measures in a MANET Through Reliable Routing Protocol Leveraging a Trust Management Framework
Authors: Samreen Shirina
Published: July 2018

The applications of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) range from military and disaster response to commercial and civilian environments. The intrinsic characteristics like lack of infrastructure, self-organizing nature and deployment flexibility contributes to its usefulness but few other features like open media for communication and topological changes on-the-fly makes it vulnerable to security attacks. The focus of the current work is security mechanisms for a MANET against the various insider attacks targeting the data forwarding operations. It is accomplished through a trust management framework and a secure routing protocol relying upon the TMF to form the routes with most trusted nodes. The protocol computes a novel reliability metric termed as Path Allegiance metric (PAM) which acts as a selection criteria for route selection. The performance evaluation involves simulation results which prove the robustness of the proposed TMF and the effectiveness of the PAM routing protocol in reliable data delivery in the presence of packet droppers which disrupt the data transmission.
E-Commerce in Small and Medium Enterprises in Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunawardana Kennedy D
Published: July 2018

The growth of information technology in the business world is spreading at a phenomenal rate. The success of a business organization stands at the usage of IT in their business. Growth of e-commerce is the new born business method, which has originated through an extensive usage of IT in their business. This study will focus on the level of adoption of e-commerce in a population of 30 SMEs under the BOI, the relationship between firm-based characteristics and the adoption of e-commerce and also more importantly find out the critical success factors and discover potential benefits of adoption of e-commerce in SMEs. The results on the adoption of e- commerce showed a significant relationship with the two firm-based characteristics. That is management involvement and adoption of IT. The study also identified e- marketing and supplier service as the critical success factors in adoption of e-commerce.
Glucocorticoids Inhibit Group 3 Innate Lymphocyte IL-22 Production
Authors: Seshadri Sudarshan , Pope Rosemary L. , Zenewicz Lauren A.
Published: July 2018

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly prescribed to patients with a variety of inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GCs mediate their immunomodulatory effects through many different mechanisms and target multiple signaling pathways. The GC dexamethasone downmodulates innate and adaptive immune cell activation. IBD is the manifestation of a dysregulated immune response involving many different immune cells. Group 3 innate lymphocytes (ILC3s) have critical roles in mucosal inflammation. ILC3s secrete high levels of the cytokine IL-22, promoting epithelial proliferation, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins. In this study, we examined the effects of dexamethasone on IL-22 production by ILC3s. We found that dexamethasone suppressed IL-23–mediated IL-22 production in human and mouse ILC3s. This was mediated in part through dexamethasone modulation of the NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling with a small molecule inhibitor also downmodulated IL-23– and IL-1β–mediated IL-22 production in ILC3s. These findings implicate NF-κB as a regulator of IL-22 in ILC3s and likely have repercussions on GC treatment of IBD patients.
Equivalent Capacitance Approach to Calculate Effective Roughness Dielectric Parameters for Copper Foils on Printed Circuit Boards
Authors: Koledintseva Marina Y. , Vincent Tracey
Published: July 2018

Effective roughness dielectric (ERD) is a homogeneous lossy dielectric layer of certain thickness with effective (averaged) dielectric parameters. The ERD layer is used to model copper foil roughness in printed circuit board interconnects by being placed on a smooth conductor surface to substitute an inhomogeneous transition layer between a conductor and laminate substrate dielectric. This work derives the ERD parameters based on the understanding that there is a gradual variation of concentration of metallic inclusions in the transition layer between the dielectric and foil. The gradual variation can be structured as thin layers that are obtained using the equivalent capacitance approach. The concentration profile is extracted from scanning electron microscopy or high-resolution optical microscopy. As the concentration of metallic particles increases along the axis normal to the laminate dielectric and foil boundary, two regions can be discerned: an insulating (prepercolation) region and a conducting (percolation) region. The rates of increase in effective loss (or corresponding conductivity) in these two regions differ significantly. The proposed model of equivalent capacitance with gradient dielectric is applied to a number of different types of copper foils. The frequency-dependent dielectric parameters of the homogenized ERD are calculated from the equivalent capacitance. The results are validated using 3D numerical electromagnetic simulations. There are two types of numerical models: with homogeneous ERD parameters and layered. Both models show excellent agreement with measurements.
The status of health promotion in Botswana
Authors: Tapera Roy , Moseki Sekis , January James
Published: July 2018

Health education and promotion remains an integral part of public health. This paper details health promotion activities in Botswana since the establishment of the profession in 1988. It further describes health promotion infrastructure, investment in health promotion, human resource training and collaborations within the country. Infrastructure and services for health promotion in the country are mainly provided by government through educational institutions, faith based organizations, non-governmental organizations, general medical practitioners and mining companies complementing the Ministry’s efforts. More than 1000 health promotion cadres have been trained at certificate, diploma and degree levels by Boitekanelo College and the Ministry of Health through Serowe Institute of Health Sciences.
Undergraduate students’ perceptions of factors affecting job satisfaction
Authors: Van der Schyff Rhyno , Botha Doret , Ellis Suria
Published: July 2018

Orientation: Globally, people engage in work and sell their services to an organisation in exchange for compensation. This compensation can have a significant effect on employees’ attitude towards their work, resulting in either job satisfaction or job dissatisfaction. A high level of job satisfaction can increase organisational effectiveness and, subsequently, the organisation’s performance, whereas job dissatisfaction can cause employees to be less motivated, which can in turn decrease their productivity, effectiveness and individual performance.Research purpose: This study was conducted with the aim to investigate undergraduate students’ perceptions of the factors affecting job satisfaction.Motivation for the study: Currently, there is a paucity of published research on the views of undergraduate students on the factors affecting job satisfaction.Research approach/design and method: The study took a positivistic research approach, and a quantitative design was used. A stratified quota sampling technique was employed to select the respondents for the study; a certain quota was met in terms of race, gender and faculty of study. In total, 270 undergraduate students participated in the study.Main findings: The empirical results indicated no significant association between the demographic variables (previous work experience, gender, race and field of study) and almost all occupational dimensions of job satisfaction, working conditions and recognition. However, medium to large positive relations were measured between the dimensions of job satisfaction, working conditions and recognition. It was evident from the study that all the dimensions measured are considered important for obtaining job satisfaction in the workplace.Practical and managerial implications: It is important for managers to get an understanding of the views of young people on work-related issues in order to create an understanding of young people’s needs and aspirations, as they are the future permanent labour force, managers and leaders of a country.Contribution/value-add: The study brought to light the views of undergraduate students on the factors affecting job satisfaction.
Direct identification and susceptibility testing of Gram-negative bacilli from turbid urine samples using VITEK2
Authors: Angaali Neelima , Vemu Laxmi , Padmasri Chavali , Mamidi Neeraja , Teja Vijay Dharma
Published: July 2018

INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infectious diseases occurring in either the community or healthcare setting. Turnaround time for urine culture is about 24 h, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) requires another 24 h. Consequently, initial antibiotic therapy is mostly empirical.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad. Turbid urine samples which showed pus cells and Gram‑negative (GN) bacilli of single morphotype were included. The turbidity of the urine was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland and uploaded directly in the VITEK 2 identification (ID) GN and N‑280 panel for AST. The specimen was also inoculated on CHROMagar, and the ID and AST of the isolates from the agar plate were repeated on VITEK 2, and the results were compared.

RESULTS: Out of 844 turbid urines screened, 62 met the inclusion criteria. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (71.9%). Complete agreement for ID was 80.7%, misidentified were 12.2%, and unidentified were 7%. Complete agreement with AST was 94.3%, very major errors 0.5%, major errors 2.2%, and minor errors 3%.

Conclusions: With a 94.3% agreement for AST and a reduced turnaround time by 24 h, the direct inoculation had a potential clinical benefit for initiating timely and appropriate antibiotic therapy for UTI.
Spectrum of candidal species isolated from neonates admitted in an Intensive Care Unit of teaching hospital of Kashmir, North India
Authors: Nazir Asifa , Masoodi Talat
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Candidal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Neonatal candidiasis is increasing in frequency, mainly because of increase in the survival of babies with low-birth weight, preterm births, advancement in medical field, life support systems, relative immunodeficiency, and extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Over the past few decades, there has been a progressive shift from the predominance of Candida albicans to nonalbicans Candida species.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of the current study was to know the prevalence of nonalbicans candidemia in neonates and their antifungal susceptibility pattern.

Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 424 samples from clinically diagnosed septicemic neonates were included. Identification of Candida isolates from these samples as well as their antifungal sensitivity testing was performed with Vitek 2 Compact (Biomerieux France) using Vitek 2 cards for identification of yeast and yeast-like organisms (ID-YST cards).

Results: A total of 246/424 (58.01%) cases were blood culture positive. Out of these, 80/246 samples tested positive for candidemia (32.5%). Candida tropicalis (13.8%) was the predominant species isolated among the non-albicans Candida followed by Candida krusei (4.8%), Candida parapsilosis (3.2%), Candida guilliermondii (2.8%), and Candida dubliniensis (2.0%). We found an increase in the antifungal drug resistance, especially for the azole group of drugs, both in C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species. All the isolates were uniformly sensitive to micafungin, voriconazole, and caspofungin.

Conclusions: Candidemia in neonates is an ominous prognostic sign and is an important entity in our region. The present study highlights the mycological shift of Candida species in neonatal candidemia with a preponderance of nonalbicans Candida species.
Concept and connotation of oxidative stress in preeclampsia
Authors: Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Al-Maiahy Thabat J.
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) is a systemic pregnancy-related disorder characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Free radicals seem to play an important role in the induction of endothelial dysfunction in PE.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), paraoxonase (PON-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid profile in preeclamptic patients compared to the women with normal pregnancy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 68 pregnant women were recruited. They were divided into two groups - Group A, 40 women were a newly diagnosed with PE and Group B, 28 women with normal pregnancy. Anthropometric measurements including body mass index and blood pressure in accordance with biochemical measurements including NO, ONOO−, PON-1, MDA, and lipid profile were done for preeclamptic pregnant women compared to the controls.

RESULTS: Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia illustrated insignificant differences in the age (31.22±2.87) compared to the age of control P > 0.05. There were significant changes in the body mass index (BMI) , type of delivery and smoking status of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.05. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were high in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.01. PON-1 and NO serum levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) while ONOO− and MDA serum levels were significantly increased in PE compared to the women with normal pregnancy.

Conclusions: This study concluded that PE is associated with the augmentation of oxidative stress and reduction of endogenous antioxidant capacity regarding PON-1.
Dependency Theory and Global Economic Imbalance: A Critique
Authors: Enuka Chuka
Published: July 2018

The present world economic order is based on domination and inequality. The world is bifurcated into two asymmetrical groups of countries: the North and the South. While the economies of the North are generally strong, industrialized, and self-reliant, those of the South are predominantly weak, disarticulated, unindustrialized, appendage and dependent on the North. Explanations for this reality of inequality and disparity in the levels of development in the world have precipitated scholarly debates, postulations and theoretical formulations. Among such theories is the dependency theory. As a theory of development and underdevelopment studies and an analytical framework within the discipline of international economic relations, the dependency theory discusses the reality of underdevelopment and global economic imbalance in the international system. It rejects underdevelopment as a natural condition of the poor societies of the South, and links underdevelopment to dependence, a situation which history of colonial imperialism has left and which modern imperialism creates in underdeveloped countries. This paper argues that though the dependency theory possesses appreciable explanatory capability for the unfortunate global economic disparity, but it is not without limitations. The paper challenges the methodological and conceptual correctness of the propositions underlying a number of dependency theoretical assumptions. It recommends that looks should be taken beyond the theoretical offers of dependency for a wholesome understanding of failure of development in the third world, and explanation for the present global economic imbalance.
Bacterial, viral and fungal infections in primary immunodeficiency patients
Authors: Naporowski Piotr , Witkowska Danuta , Lewandowicz-Uszyńska Aleksandra , Gamian Andrzej
Published: July 2018

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are genetic based disorders which lead to the
dysfunction of the immune system. There are persistent and recurrent infections within PID
patient due to cellular and humoral immunity impairment. The most common infections are
caused by Salmonella Enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, Mycobacterium avium complex, Toxoplasma
gondii, CMV, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans or Pneumocystis jiroveci. These infections
have a severe course of disease with limited treatment in a conventional way. Full patient
recovery after intensive and long-term therapy is often impossible. Viral infections in PID
patients are equally frequent. The incidences of Herpesviridae and HCV infections are the same
for PID patients and healthy people. However, the infections may have worse course of disease
and leave more destruction in the body. Enteroviral infections occur despite the antibodies
supplementation; they spread spontaneously throughout the body, also affecting the central
nervous system. Skin, nails and mucous membranes infections are equally persistent problems
caused by fungi, mainly Candida genus. Infections with these pathogens are often accompanied
by hormonal disorders and immunosuppressive therapy. Sepsis and mixed infections are
definitely the most dangerous for patients with infections. Infections occur most often in the
first years of the child’s life, when the body has not developed yet a fully functioning immunity
system. The diagnosis of PNO in infants may be difficult due to the presence of antibodies from
mother and the similarity of the symptoms of infectious diseases and common infections.
The t(1;10)(p22;q24) TGFBR3/MGEA5 Translocation in Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor, Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma, and Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumor
Authors: Liu Huifei , Sukov William R. , Ro Jae Y.
Published: July 2018

Context.—

Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) of soft parts, hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor (HFLT), and myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS) are 3 distinct entities of low-grade spindle cell mesenchymal neoplasm. These tumors have similar clinical presentations and partially overlapping but distinctive pathologic features. A recurrent translocation, t(1;10)(p22;q24), has been detected in a subset of PHAT, HFLT, MIFS, and HFLT/MIFS hybrid cases. Translocation t(1;10)(p22;q24) involves transforming growth factor β-receptor 3 (TGFBR3) and meningioma-expressed antigen 5 (MGEA5) genes on chromosomes 1p22 and 10q24, respectively. However, the percentage of translocation in PHAT, HFLT, and MIFS varies significantly among different studies. The relationship among these tumors has been a controversial topic among experts.

Objective.—

To discuss the diagnostic and functional significance of translocation t(1;10)(p22;q24) TGFBR3/MGEA5 rearrangement in HFLT, PHAT, and MIFS.

Data Sources.—

PubMed was used for this study.

Conclusions.—

Diagnosis of HFLT, PHAT, and MIFS is challenging because of a lack of unique morphologic, immunophenotypic, molecular, and cytogenetic markers. The recurrent t(1;10)(p22;q24) translocation and/or TGFBR3/MGEA5 rearrangement was reported in 55 patients, with a relatively even distribution among HFLT, PHAT, and MIFS (17 HFLT, 15 MIFS, 13 MIFS/HFLT, and 10 PHAT). This indicates that current morphology-based diagnostic criteria do not identify reliably the subset of soft tissue tumor with t(1;10) translocation. Genetic heterogeneity of these tumors is supported by the recent detection of a mutually exclusive, second recurrent genetic change, t(7;17) TOM1L2-BRAF translocation or BRAF amplification, in a subset of MIFS.
Molecular Fingerprinting of Anatomically and Temporally Distinct B-Cell Lymphoma Samples by Next-Generation Sequencing to Establish Clonal Relatedness
Authors: Matynia Anna P. , Li K. David , Szankasi Philippe , Schumacher Jonathan , Liew Michael , Salama Mohamed E. , Kelley Todd W.
Published: July 2018

Context.—

B-cell lymphomas exhibit balanced translocations that involve immunoglobulin loci and result from aberrant V(D)J recombination, class switch recombination, or somatic hypermutation. Although most of the breakpoints in the immunoglobulin loci occur in defined regions, those in the partner genes vary; therefore, it is unlikely that 2 independent clones would share identical breakpoints in both partners. Establishing whether a new lesion in a patient with history of lymphoma represents recurrence or a new process can be relevant. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based clonality assays used in this setting rely only on evaluating the length of a given rearrangement. In contrast, next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides the exact translocation breakpoint at single-base resolution.

Objective.—

To determine if translocation breakpoint coordinates can serve as a molecular fingerprint unique to a distinct clonal population.

Design.—

Thirty-eight follicular lymphoma/diffuse large B-cell lymphoma samples collected from different anatomic sites and/or at different time points from 18 patients were analyzed by NGS. For comparison, PCR-based B-cell clonality and fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were performed on a subset of cases.

Results.—

IGH-BCL2 rearrangements were detected in all samples. The breakpoint coordinates on derivative chromosome(s) were identical in all samples from a given patient, but distinct between samples derived from different patients. Additionally, 5 patients carried a second rearrangement also with conserved breakpoint coordinates in the follow-up sample(s).

Conclusions.—

Breakpoint coordinates in the immunoglobulin and partner genes can be used to establish clonal relatedness of anatomically/temporally distinct lesions. Additionally, an NGS-based approach has the potential to detect secondary translocations that may have prognostic and therapeutic significance.
Banned Objects Week: A Preemptive Defense of Intellectual Freedom in Twenty-First-Century Libraries
Authors: Cook Matt , Waller Jen
Published: July 2018

The rapid proliferation of 3D printing technologies across all types of libraries has put information professionals in a somewhat precarious position. Despite a rich history of defending intellectual freedom, and numerous programs that promote accessibility of potentially controversial textual material, little has been written or codified with respect to the librarian’s role as 3D printing gatekeeper. Yet freely available 3D models abound which might be deemed inappropriate, politically sensitive, or even illegal. This commentary proposes a proactive solution to the issue of taboo print requests: “Banned Objects Week”. Banned Objects Week—which can be implemented as a fully interactive online display of controversial 3D models—serves to demonstrate the power of this emerging technology while exposing practicing librarians and their patrons to a range of controversial but oftentimes legitimate (and definitely printable) physical artifacts.
Modulação do estado de polimerização in vitro dos filamentos intermediários em astrócitos pela fosforilação e proteína S100B
Authors: Bortoli Erica , Frizzo Juliana K. , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2018

Intermediate filaments represent a major cytoskeleton constituent in eukaryotic cells. GFAP ("glial fibrillary acidic protein") is the monomer of these filaments in astrocytes and its polymerization is apparently modulated by phosphorylation and by interaction with S100B, a calcium-binding protein. In this study we investigate in vitro polymerization of GFAP, using an assay based on imidazol/high magnesium-induced sedimentation. In fact, soluble GFAP (nonpolymerized) increased about 25% in presence of S100B or PKA (protein kinase A). These data suggest that both mechanisms could be acting in the cycle of polymerization/depolymerization of GFAP at different times and/or conditions, therefore affecting glial plasticity.
O caráter dicotômico da produção de ametista no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Alberti Edison Antonio , Silva Gustavo Siqueira da , Reis Janete Teresinha , Pires Carlos Alberto da Fonseca
Published: July 2018

In this paper is presented a brief revision of some gems from Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil) where the following general aspects are outstanding: geology, mineralogy and trade. Some points of view about security in the job, health, processing and industrialization, as well as organization of cooperatives are also presented.
Type II diabetes may affect stem cell niche resulting in down regulation of glucose transporters and insulin receptors in cells
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: July 2018

Characterized by high blood glucose concentration, resistance of cells to glucose uptake and reduced insulin sensitivity, Type II diabetes is a major health problem afflicting both developing and developed countries in increasing extent as populations around the world increasing adopt high energy diets. Given that, in Type II diabetes, successive generations of various cell types in the body ranging from muscles, tissues, blood, and organs are resistant to glucose uptake and exhibited reduced sensitivity to insulin, the underlying aetiology of Type II diabetes might involve the altered gene expression of stem cells in stem cell niches that adapted to a high glucose diet through an evolutionary conserved mechanism that aimed at homeostasis. Specifically, faced with a high energy and high sugar diet, stem cells in stem cell niches around the body possibly activated an evolutionary conserved mechanism aimed at reducing glucose uptake by cells for reducing weight gain by the body. Thus, successive generations of cells generated from the stem cell niche would exhibit an epigenetically controlled programme of gene expression that exhibited down regulation of genes for glucose transporters and insulin receptors. Such cells would display a phenotype of reduced glucose uptake together with reduced sensitivity to insulin; thereby, resulting in a high blood glucose concentration characteristic of Type II diabetes. The above hypothesis helped explain why high sugar intake by the body could result in impaired sensitivity to insulin and reduced glucose uptake by cells, and more importantly, the widespread nature in which many cell types (principally muscle cells) are affected by a possible epigenetically controlled gene expression programme which hitherto appeared clinically irreversible. Specifically, the most important clinical question for diabetes treatment and care remains the reasons underlying the clinically observed irreversible nature of the disease that progressively, with age and poor glucose control, worsens with complications to many organs of the body such as the eyes, kidneys, cardiovascular system and brain (stroke). Interested readers are invited to expand on the ideas presented in this abstract preprint.
When and where to hatch? Red-eyed treefrog embryos use light cues in two contexts
Authors: Güell Brandon André , Warkentin Karen M
Published: July 2018

Hatching timing is under strong selection and environmentally cued in many species. Embryos use multiple sensory modalities to inform hatching timing and many have spontaneous hatching patterns adaptively synchronized to natural cycles. Embryos can also adaptively shift their hatching timing in response to environmental cues indicating immediate threats or opportunities. Such cued shifts in hatching are widespread among amphibians; however, we know little about what, if anything, regulates their spontaneous hatching. Moreover, in addition to selection on hatching timing, embryos may experience benefits or suffer costs due to the spatial orientation of hatching. Amphibian eggs generally lack internal constraints on hatching direction but embryos might, nonetheless, use external cues to inform hatching orientation. The terrestrial embryos of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, hatch rapidly and prematurely in response to vibrational cues in egg-predator attacks and hypoxia if flooded. Here we examined A. callidryas’ use of light cues in hatching timing and orientation. To assess patterns of spontaneous hatching and the role of light cues in their diel timing, we recorded hatching times for siblings distributed across three light environments: continuous light, continuous dark, and a 12L:12D photoperiod. Under a natural photoperiod, embryos showed a clear diel pattern of synchronous hatching shortly after nightfall. Hatching was desynchronized in both continuous light and continuous darkness. It was also delayed by continuous light, but not accelerated by continuous dark, suggesting the onset of dark serves as a hatching cue. We examined hatching orientation and light as a potential directional cue for flooded embryos. Embryos flooded in their clutches almost always hatched toward open water, whereas individual eggs flooded in glass cups often failed to do so, suggesting the natural context provides a directional cue. To test if flooded embryos orient hatching toward light, we placed individual eggs in tubes with one end illuminated and the other dark, then flooded them and recorded hatching direction. Most embryos hatched toward the light, suggesting they use light as a directional cue. Our results support that A. callidryas embryos use light cues to inform both when and where to hatch. Both the spatial orientation of hatching and the timing of spontaneous hatching may affect fitness and be informed by cues in a broader range of species than is currently appreciated.
Ateist ve Deistlerin Din Algısı: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Psiko-Sosyolojik Bir Araştırma / Approachs of Atheists and Deists to Religion: A Psycho-Sociological Research on University Students
Authors: Zavalsız Yusuf Sinan , Şahin Ensar
Published: July 2018

Abstract

This study deals with changing views and attitudes of individuals towards creator and religion. Apart from this, we analyzed the reasons behind the change of opinions.

In this paper, we also investigated in a psychosocial approach what lies in the background of that through which atheists and deists adopted this understanding. After we briefly explained the terms "atheism" and "deism" we inquired about the family relations of respondents beginning from their childhood and puberty ages. We asked the respondents whether they are informed by families and the frequency of their practising the duties of past religious affiliates which is followed by sceptical manner about the religion adhered questioning if they experienced any traumatic event and examined the circumstances that motivated them to be atheists or deists. We also sought to determine similarities and differences between atheists and deists in terms of the way of thinking.

This research has been prepared within the frame of the interviews carried out with 25 volunteers, 15 of whom were atheists and 10 deists. Some of the interviews were recorded their consent having been obtained. As per the right of privacy and the request of the subjects, their universities, identity and personal information have been kept confidential. Nevertheless, they have been given nicknames to be used exclusively in this research.

Öz

Araştırmamız, Ateist ve Deistlerin Din Algısı: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Psiko-Sosyolojik Bir Araştırma başlığı altında, bireylerin, yaratıcı ve din konusunda değişen düşüncelerini ele almaktadır. Düşünce değişikliğinin arka planında hangi kodların bulunduğu ayrıca irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. 

Bu çalışmada ateist ve deistlerin, arka planda ateizmi ve deizmi benimsemesine yol açan sebeplerin neler olduğu psiko-sosyal bir bakış açısıyla incelenecektir. Ateizm ve deizmin ne olduğu kısaca izah edildikten sonra deneklerin çocukluk ve ergenlik döneminden başlanarak aile ilişkileri ele alınmıştır. Dinî konularda ailesi tarafından bilgilendirilme durumu, toplumla ilişkileri, daha önce mensup olduğu dinin ibadetlerini yerine getirip getirmeme sıklığı sorulmuştur. Sonrasında mensup olunan dine dair taşınan şüpheler, hayatlarını etkileyen travmatik bir olay yaşayıp yaşamadıkları, onları ateist veya deist olmaya iten faktörler irdelenmiştir. Ateist ve deistlerin birbirinden ayrıldığı ve benzer düşündüğü konular ortaya çıkartılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Araştırma, 15’i ateist, 10’u deist, toplam 25 gönüllü öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilen mülakatlar çerçevesinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Mülakatlarda, isteğe bağlı olarak ses kaydı alınmıştır. Özel hayatın gizliliği ilkesince ve deneklerin talepleri doğrultusunda, üniversiteleri, kimlik bilgileri ve isimleri gizli tutulmuş, yalnız bu çalışmada kullanılmak üzere kendilerine takma isim verilmiştir.
Peyzaj Tasarım Eğitiminde Bir Biçim Arama Yöntemi: Doğadan Esinlenme / A Form Creating Method in Landscape Design Education: Inspiration from Nature
Authors: Yılmaz Serap , Düzenli Tuğba , Çiğdem Abdullah
Published: July 2018

Abstract

It is important how novice designers can produce shapes in the design-oriented parts where creativity and form creation is prior. Designers can abstract the t ideas in their minds by taking advantage of the forms, metrics, and relationships that exist in nature. For this reason, how designers can transform their ideas to forms has been analyzed by experienced designers in this research.The form of visual data obtained from the nature is obtained by the abstraction of the visual data and the addition of the designer's own style instead of using the imitation of the individual. The shape of nature in the result of abstraction; there is a new meaning and form again. At the end of the study, the way of designing the system, as in the case of nature, will be guided by the designers in terms of measurement and direction. Thus, novice designers can improve their creativity.

This formal quest: in landscape design, while the solution of the problem is both aesthetic and functional, Landscape architect candidates are encouraged to enrich visual memories by developing creative thinking and form creation.

Öz

Yaratıcılık ve biçim arayışının ön planda olduğu tasarım odaklı bölümlerde tasarımcı adaylarının nasıl biçim üretebileceği önemlidir. Tasarımcılar zihinlerindeki soyut fikirleri doğada var olan biçimlerden, ölçülerden ve ilişkilerden yararlanarak somut hale getirebilirler. Bu nedenle tasarımcıların fikirlerini nasıl biçime dönüştürebileceği bu araştırma kapsamında tecrübeli tasarımcılar tarafından analiz edilmiştir. Doğadan elde edilen görsel veriler birebir taklit edilerek kullanmanın yerine görsel verilerin soyutlanması ve tasarımcının kendi üslubunun da eklemesi ile biçim elde edilir. Soyutlama sonucunda doğadaki biçim; yeni bir anlam ve biçimle tekrar var olur. Çalışmanın sonunda yaratılan biçimin doğadaki gibi sistem tanımlaması için ölçü, yön açısından bir araya gelişinin irdelenmesi tasarımcılara yol gösterici olacaktır. Böylece tasarımcı adayları yaratıcılıklarını geliştirebilir.

Bu biçimsel arayış: peyzaj tasarımında, problemin çözümünü hem estetik hem de fonksiyonel yaparken; peyzaj mimarı adaylarının yaratıcı düşünme ve biçim üretmelerini geliştirerek görsel hafızalarının zenginleşmesini sağlanmaktadır.
Nitrous oxide variability at sub-kilometre resolution in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Grefe Imke , Fielding Sophie , Heywood Karen J. , Kaiser Jan
Published: July 2018

The Southern Ocean is an important region for global nitrous oxide (N2O) cycling. The contribution of different source and sink mechanisms is, however, not very well constrained due to a scarcity of seawater data from the area. Here we present high-resolution surface N2O measurements from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, taking advantage of a relatively new underway setup allowing for collection of data during transit across mesoscale features such as frontal systems and eddies. Covering a range of different environments and biogeochemical settings, N2O saturations and sea-to-air fluxes were highly variable: Saturations ranged from 96.5% at the sea ice edge in the Weddell Sea to 126.1% across the Polar Frontal Zone during transit to South Georgia. Negative sea-to-air fluxes (N2O uptake) of up to −1.3 µmol m−2 d−1 were observed in the Subantarctic Zone and highest positive fluxes (N2O emission) of 14.5 µmol m−2 d−1 in Stromness Bay, coastal South Georgia. Although N2O saturations were high in areas of high productivity, no correlation between saturations and chlorophyll a (as a proxy for productivity) was observed. Nevertheless, there is a clear effect of islands and shallow bathymetry on N2O production as inferred from supersaturations.
Stream acidification and reduced aquatic prey availability are associated with dietary shifts in an obligate riparian Neotropical migratory songbird
Authors: Trevelline Brian K. , Nuttle Tim , Porter Brady A. , Brouwer Nathan L. , Hoenig Brandon D. , Steffensmeier Zachary D. , Latta Steven C.
Published: July 2018

Streams and their surrounding riparian habitats are linked by reciprocal exchanges of insect prey essential to both aquatic and terrestrial consumers. Aquatic insects comprise a large proportion of total prey in riparian habitats and are opportunistically exploited by terrestrial insectivores; however, several species of songbirds are known to preferentially target aquatic prey via specialized foraging strategies. For these songbirds, reduced availability of aquatic insects via stream acidification may result in compensatory changes in provisioning during the nesting period, thereby influencing both adult and nestling diet composition. In this study, we used DNA metabarcoding to test the hypothesis that an obligate riparian Neotropical migratory songbird, the Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla), expands its diet to compensate for the loss of preferred aquatic prey taxa (primarily pollution-sensitive Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) as a result of stream acidification. Our results revealed that both adult and nestling waterthrush exhibited an increase in dietary richness and niche breadth resulting from the consumption of terrestrial prey taxa in acidified riparian habitats. In contrast, compensatory dietary shifts were not observed in syntopic Neotropical migrant species known to primarily provision terrestrial prey taxa. In addition to providing support for our hypothesis that waterthrush compensate for stream acidification and aquatic prey limitations by expanding their diet, our findings highlight the vulnerability of Louisiana Waterthrush to anthropogenic disturbances that compromise stream quality or reduce the availability of pollution-sensitive aquatic insects.