bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact triple‐band monopole antenna with two strips for WLAN/WiMAX applications
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Bo , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Weng Zi‐Bin
Published: August 2012

A novel printed monopole antenna with triple‐band operations has been designed and implemented. The antenna consists of a microstrip feed line, a ground plane, and two strips that play very important roles in the antenna performance. Experimental results indicate that two more resonant modes can be obtained by using the two strips, and three operating bands, which can effectively cover 2.4/5.8 GHz WLAN and 3.5 GHz WiMAX bands, can be obtained by adjusting the dimensions of the two strips. The proposed antenna has a small size of dimensions 12 × 32 mm2. Detailed designs and experimental results are reported in this article. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2650–2653, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27154
A double‐balanced subharmonic passive mixer with an integrated quadrature local oscillator in 0.18 μm CMOS
Authors: Huang Deping , Li Changzhi , Chen Jinghong
Published: August 2012

This letter presents a double‐balanced subharmonic passive mixer designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology.The biasing condition of the passive mixer is analyzed to optimize its conversion loss and local oscillator (LO) to RF/IF leakage performances. The four phases required for the mixer were generated using an on‐chip LO and a divide‐by‐two circuit. The mixer converts an RF signal ranging from 3.5 to 6.7 GHz to an IF signal using an LO of 2.5 GHz with a voltage conversion loss of 7.2 ± 1.5 dB. The measured 1 × LO and 2 × LO leakages to the RF/IF port are −25/−60 dBm and −35/−65 dBm, respectively. The measured input third‐order intercept point (IIP3) of the mixer is −2 dBm. The circuit operates from a 1.8 V supply and consumes 45 mW of power. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2617–2619, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27156
Design of a compact wide‐bandwidth band‐pass filter using a parallel‐coupled structure
Authors: Yoon Ki‐Cheol , Lee Jong‐Chul
Published: August 2012

In this article, a broad bandpass filter (BPF) with a parallel‐coupled line (PCL) structure is proposed. In general, a BPF with a PCL structure has a limited bandwidth of 20%. A broader range of bandwidth than this requires a very narrow coupling‐gap that can hardly be realized. In this research, a new smaller‐sized broad‐BPF using a new type of PCL is presented. The new broad BPF shows a measured insertion loss of less than 0.31 dB and a return loss of better than 19.2 dB at the center frequency of 5.8 GHz with a 70% broad bandwidth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2581–2584, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27157
Planar low‐pass filters based on hilbert fractal
Authors: Zemlyakov Kirill , Crnojevic‐Bengin Vesna
Published: August 2012

Multiple Hilbert fractal lines with short circuits placed at specific positions are used to design two types of very compact planar low‐pass filters with high rate of cutoff. A simple design procedure is fractals shown, based on estimation of quasi‐lumped elements formed by the fractal line. Fabricated filters compare favorably with recently published filters, both in terms of size and performances. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2577–2581, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27158
Stub‐loaded bent monopole antenna with independent frequency tuning capability for compact wireless USB dongles
Authors: Jeong Seong Jae , Hwang Keum Cheol
Published: August 2012

In this article, compact monopole antenna with independent resonant frequency tuning capability is proposed.The antenna radiating patch consists of a simple, bent monopole element and an open stub. The bent monopole acts as a main radiator in 2.5 GHz band, whereas the open stub serves in 5.5 GHz band. A prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated, and the reflection and radiation characteristics were measured to validate the antenna performances. Measured impedance bandwidths (VSWR < 2) exhibits dual‐broadband resonances, which are 2.08–3.02 GHz (lower band) and 5.13–6.15 GHz (upper band), corresponding to 36.9 and 18.1%, respectively. Therefore, VSWR bandwidth of the proposed design covers not only the WiBro, WiMAX, Bluetooth, 2.4 GHz WLAN, S‐DMB, but also the 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN services. The peak gain was 5.76 dBi. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2548–2552, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27159
Numerical study of singularity extraction in MoM integrals for scattering from bodies of revolution
Authors: Resende Úrsula C. , Moreira Fernando J. S. , Pereira‐Filho Odilon M. C.
Published: August 2012

The analysis of electromagnetic scattering by the method of moments (MoM) leads to integral equations with singularities in their kernels. In this work, a numerical study of a particular technique for the extraction of those singularities arising in the analysis of the scattering from conducting and dielectric bodies of revolution (BOR), particularly spheres and cylinders is conducted. It is demonstrated that when the singularity extraction is applied, the numerical solution converges for a two‐point Gaussian quadrature. It is also shown that the MoM matrix condition number is affected by the number of segments used to describe the BOR generatrix and this influence depends on the behavior of the surface current distribution. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2543–2548, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27160
1,1‐Diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylenes are always zwitterions
Authors: Gilinsky‐Sharon Pessia , Gottlieb Hugo E. , Rajsfus David E. , Keinan‐Adamsky Keren , Marks Vered , Aped Pinchas , Frimer Aryeh A.
Published: August 2012

The nitration of tetraiodoethylene (7) yields 1,1‐diiodo‐2,2‐dinitroethylene (8). The latter reacts with alkylamines 9 or alkyldiamines 11 to give the corresponding acyclic 1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylenes 10 or their cyclic analogs 12, respectively. On the basis of liquid and solid‐state 13C and 15N NMR data, x‐ray analysis and ab initio calculations, we suggest that the title compounds are always zwitterionic and that the CA–CN bond is not a true double bond. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RAPID: A routine assurance pipeline for imaging of diffusion
Authors: De Santis S. , Evans C. J. , Jones D. K.
Published: August 2012

Despite the widespread adoption of diffusion MRI techniques, there is still no consensus on a comprehensive quality assurance routine specific for diffusion acquisitions. We propose here a routine assurance pipeline for imaging of diffusion. The routine simply comprises diffusion‐weighted acquisitions on a phantom; each repetition lasts less than 5 min and can be performed using a variety of isotropic test liquids. The proposed QA script checks for the linearity of G, the uniformity of Gmax across the field‐of‐view, the mutual agreement of gradient power across the three logical axes and the temporal stability. Optionally, the routine can correct for the mutual agreement of gradient power along the three axes, returning a set of gradient orientations to be used in data analysis. The effectiveness of the scheme in the presence of mismatched gradient amplitudes is reported using both simulations and in vivo data. The script is freely available online. Magn Reson Med 70:490–496, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of branched alkyl chains attached at sp3 silicon of donor–acceptor copolymers on their morphology and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Nakanishi Tatsuaki , Shirai Yasuhiro , Yasuda Takeshi , Han Liyuan
Published: August 2012

We study the degree of π−π interactions in two copolymers composed of 2‐octylbenzotriazole and dialkyldithienosiloles with linear hexyl (P1) and branched 2‐ethylhexyl groups (P2). Although the branched ethyl group can be positioned above the π‐plane of dithienosilole to bring disadvantage to stack among the polymers, the solid‐state absorption spectra of the polymers reveal that P2 possesses stronger interchain interactions than P1. We also evaluate the photovoltaic properties of each polymer with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Functional micropatterned surfaces prepared by simultaneous UV‐lithography and surface segregation of fluorinated copolymers
Authors: Palacios‐Cuesta Marta , Liras Marta , Labrugère Christine , Rodríguez‐Hernández Juan , García Olga
Published: August 2012

A new procedure focused on the design and preparation of structured and functional polymer surfaces by combination of two approaches acting simultaneously is developed. The elaboration of micrometer size patterned surfaces by UV‐light lithography is reported where, in addition, the surface chemical composition can be controlled by surface segregation of a fluorinated copolymer incorporated in the photopolymerizable mixture. As evidenced by contact angle and XPS measurements, the surface composition can be modified depending on such factors as with the environmental conditions or the concentration of copolymer in the blend. Moreover, the functionality of the copolymer is enhanced by the surface pattern created. As a consequence, the wettability of the films can be modified depending on the pattern and composition of the blend. By using this methodology, functional adaptive sensitive surfaces with a well‐defined topography will be obtained in one single step and without the use of tedious and time‐consuming multistep procedures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Carrier recombination and diffusivity in microcrystalline CVD‐grown and single‐crystalline HPHT diamonds
Authors: Ščajev P. , Gudelis V. , Jarašiūnas K. , Kisialiou I. , Ivakin E. , Nesládek M. , Haenen K.
Published: August 2012

We report investigation of carrier recombination and diffusivity in bulk diamonds of different crystalline structure – microcrystalline (MC) CVD‐grown and single crystalline HPHT diamonds. Presence of neutral and positively charged nitrogen and hydrogen defects was determined from NIR and UV–IR absorption spectra. Carrier injection into 1‐mm thick bulk layers was realized by two‐photon absorption at 351 nm wavelength. Carrier lifetimes of 150–330 ns in IIa type HPHT crystals correlated with N density, while the lifetimes in CVD crystal exhibited very fast (80 ps), slower one (3–8 ns), and µs‐duration thermally‐activated (∼1.5 eV) decay components. The initial two components correlated with the grain size at the front and backsides of the MC diamond. Linearly increasing with injection carrier recombination rates were observed in both CVD and HPHT samples at 800 K, and fitted with effective recombination coefficient B = 3–4 × 10−9 cm3/s. Ambipolar mobility and thermal diffusivity parameters in CVD and HPHT bulk crystals were measured by light‐induced free carrier and thermal grating techniques.
Configuration effects of superlattice‐like phase change material structure
Authors: Zhao R. , Shi L. P. , Tan C. C. , Lee H. K. , Yang H. X. , Law L. T. , Chong T. C.
Published: August 2012

Superlattice‐like (SLL) structure has been proposed to manipulate phase change materials' properties and applied in phase change random access memory to not only reduce programming current but also overcome the trade‐off between crystallization speed and stability. This work investigated the effect of two SLL stack configurations, pair and sandwich structures, on the memory cell. The SLL component phase change material with fast crystallization speed was selected to be deposited first on the bottom electrode. It was found that cell performance was highly dependent on the SLL stack structure. In particular, cell with sandwich SLL structure exhibited the lowest RESET current comparing with cell with pair SLL or single Ge2Sb2Te5 layer. In addition, the evolution of the electrical behavior against the lifetime and I–V characterization measurement showed that sandwich SLL structure possessed better endurance and thermal stability. The possible mechanisms to induce the differences are discussed. These findings enable to exploit phase change materials by structural engineering to meet the requirements of different applications.
Magnetic defects in KTaO3 and KTaO3:Fe nanopowders
Authors: Golovina Iryna , Shanina Bela , Kolesnik Sergiy , Geifman Ilia , Andriiko Alexander
Published: August 2012

Magnetic defects in non‐doped and iron‐doped nanopowders of KTaO3 were studied by resonance and static magnetic measurements. The resonance spectra and hysteresis loops of KTaO3:Fe nanocrystalline powders were observed and investigated for the first time. Unlike bulk crystals, both non‐doped and doped nanopowders exhibit two types of resonance lines, paramagnetic ones from the isolated Fe3+ ions and a ferromagnetic signal from ions involved in clusters. Theoretical description and full identification of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra were made. It was established that low doping (up to 0.4 mol%) increases the number of paramagnetic Fe3+ centers with axial and rhombic symmetries, and has no effect on the centers with cubic symmetry and magnetic clusters. Analysis of the temperature dependence of the spectra showed that the cluster's resonance line follows the Bloch law “T3/2”, which indicates a ferromagnetic nature of the cluster. A partial collapse of the ferromagnetic subsystem in the temperature range of 100–400 K was also found. Magnetization and other characteristics of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic subsystems were determined. An average cluster size was estimated to be equal to a length of 6.2 nm and the fractional volume of the ferromagnetic cluster system was found.
Antifungal Compounds from the Rhizome and Roots of Ferula hermonis
Authors: Al‐Ja'fari Abdel‐Hadi , Vila Roser , Freixa Blanca , Costa Joan , Cañigueral Salvador
Published: August 2012

The antifungal activity of hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous extracts from the rhizome and root of Ferula hermonis was assayed in vitro by the agar disk diffusion method against a panel of human opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. Among them, the hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed the highest activity particularly against the dermatophytes Microsporum gypseum and Tricophyton mentagrophytes as well as the yeast Candida lactis‐condensi. Activity‐guided fractionation of both extracts using an agar overlay bioautographic method led to the isolation of two antifungal compounds which were identified as the daucane aryl esters jaeschkeanadiol p‐hydroxybenzoate (ferutinin) and jaeschkeanadiol benzoate (teferidin). Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of both compounds evidenced a stronger antifungal activity for ferutinin than for teferidin. Particularly, T. mentagrophytes was the most sensitive strain with MIC and MFC values ranging from 8 to 256 µg/mL. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decentralized state feedback robust H ∞  control using a differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Harno Hendra G. , Petersen Ian R.
Published: August 2012

This paper presents a new method to synthesize a decentralized state feedback robust H ∞  controller for a class of large‐scale linear uncertain systems satisfying integral quadratic constraints. The decentralized controller is constructed by taking only block‐diagonal elements of a nondecentralized state feedback controller and treating neglected off‐diagonal blocks as uncertainties. A solution to this controller synthesis problem is given in terms of a stabilizing solution to a parametrized algebraic Riccati equation where the parameters are obtained using a differential evolution algorithm.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical study of process knowledge: coherence as a static process property
Authors: Crabtree Carlton A. , Norcio Anthony F. , Seaman Carolyn B.
Published: August 2012

This paper presents our research experiences studying process knowledge with qualitative and quantitative methods. Informed by related arguments, we present two hypotheses that are tested using a between subjects experimental design. The first hypothesis concerns the accuracy of software process elicitation, which we characterize as the human perception of error between description and performance of a process. The second hypothesis explores the detection of subtle differences in process articulation using latent semantic analysis, a computational technique for measuring patterns in written discourse. The results of our analyses are compared along with discussion of theoretical implications. We define a new type of process property, Coherence, which represents a measure of relatedness in process knowledge. Results also indicate that Coherence may be increased with the use of a conceptual model. Future research is guided by experimental and industrial application. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isochronal Phase Transformations of Low‐Carbon High Strength Low Alloy Steel upon Continuous Cooling
Authors: Huo Jie , Liu Yongchang , Zhang Dantian , Yan Zesheng , Gao Zhiming
Published: August 2012

Aimed to acquire optimum comprehensive properties for the oil and gas pipeline steels, thermal treatment should be controlled to achieve ideal microstructures. Effects of cooling rates on transformation kinetics and microstructures of the low‐carbon high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel were investigated to obtain an optimized thermal treatment technology. Dilatometric measurements, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed in present work. The transformed microstructures contained polygonal ferrite + pearlite, acicular ferrite (AF), and bainitic ferrite (BF) due to the cooling rates increasing from 5 to 3000°C min−1, in present investigated HSLA steel. The result shows that, the increase of cooling rate accelerates AF transformation and refines the steel's matrix. The morphology of martensite/austenite structures transformed from islands in AF to films in BF with the increase of cooling rate.
Functional mixed effects models
Authors: Liu Ziyue , Guo Wensheng
Published: August 2012

Functional mixed effects model (FMM) is a mixed effects modeling framework that both the fixed effects and the random effects are modeled by nonparametric curves. The combination of mixed effects model and nonparametric smoothing enables FMMs to handle outcomes with complex profiles and at the same time to incorporate complex experimental designs and include covariates. Estimation and inference can be performed either using techniques from linear mixed effects models or using fully Bayesian approaches. As in functional data analysis, inference in FMMs is preliminary and needs to be further investigated. Several software packages have been developed to implement FMMs, although computational challenges do exist no matter which smoothing method is used. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:527–534. doi: 10.1002/wics.1226

This article is categorized under:

Statistical Models > Classification Models
Structural Synthon Approach to Predict the Possible Polytypes of Layered Double Hydroxides
Authors: Radha S. , Kamath P. Vishnu
Published: August 2012

The complete universe of possible polytypes of layered double hydroxides (LDH) is predicted on the basis of symmetry arguments. A single [MX2] (X = OH) layer, also defined as a structural synthon, belongs to the layer group P$\bar{3}$2/m1. These layers can be stacked in such a way as to conserve the unique 3‐axis of the layer in the resultant crystal. The different stacking sequences that facilitate symmetry conservation, yield the different possible polytypes of rhombohedral and hexagonal symmetries. More polytypes can be envisaged by including stacking sequences that systematically destroy the principal symmetry elements of the structural synthon. Thereby, stacking sequences that destroy the 3‐axis, while retaining the 2‐axis, yield possible polytypes of monoclinic symmetry. The nitrate‐containing LDH of zinc and aluminum crystallizes in a faulted structure in which, the planar faults are shown to arise on account of stacking sequences whose local symmetry is monoclinic. This approach to polytype prediction expands on an earlier reported method by Bookin and Drits and is very general with important implications for other classes of layered materials.
Solid‐State NMR Investigations on the Amorphous Network of Precursor‐Derived Si2B2N5C4 Ceramics
Authors: Sehlleier Yee Hwa , Verhoeven Aswin , Jansen Martin
Published: August 2012

Employing a multitude of modern solid state NMR techniques including 13C{15N}REDOR NMR, 1H–13C CP NMR, 11B MQMAS NMR spectroscopic experiments, the structural organization of Si2B2N5C4 ceramic has been studied. The experiments were executed on double isotope enriched (13C, 15N) and natural isotope abundance Si2B2N5C4 ceramics. The materials were synthesized by aminolysis and subsequent pyrolysis of intermediate pre‐ceramic polymers that were obtained from the single source precursor TSDE, 1‐(trichlorosilyl)‐1‐(dichloroboryl)ethane (Cl3Si–CH(CH3)–BCl2). The result of the 13C{15N} REDOR NMR spectroscopic experiment shows that carbon atoms are incorporated into the network by bridging to nitrogen, which already occurs during the polymerization step. Furthermore, the combined results of 11B NMR and 11B MQMAS NMR indicate that boron atoms may also be connected to carbon in addition to nitrogen.
S-duality in twistor space
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Pioline Boris
Published: August 2012

Abstract

In type IIB string compactifications on a Calabi-Yau threefold, the hypermultiplet moduli space
$ {\mathcal{M}_H} $
must carry an isometric action of the modular group SL(2,

$ \mathbb{Z} $
), inherited from the S-duality symmetry of type IIB string theory in ten dimensions. We investigate how this modular symmetry is realized at the level of the twistor space of
$ {\mathcal{M}_H} $
, and construct a general class of SL(2,

$ \mathbb{Z} $
)-invariant quaternion-Kähler metrics with two commuting isometries, parametrized by a suitably covariant family of holomorphic transition functions. This family should include
$ {\mathcal{M}_H} $
corrected by D3-D1-D(-1)-instantons (with five-brane corrections ignored) and, after taking a suitable rigid limit, the Coulomb branch of five-dimensional
$ \mathcal{N} = {2} $
gauge theories compactified on a torus, including monopole string instantons. These results allow us to considerably simplify the derivation of the mirror map between type IIA and IIB fields in the sector where only D1-D(-1)-instantons are retained.
Arabinose is metabolized via a phosphoketolase pathway in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824
Authors: Servinsky M D , Germane K L , Liu S , Kiel J T , Clark A M , Shankar J , Sund C J
Published: August 2012

In this report, a novel zymogram assay and coupled phosphoketolase assay were employed to demonstrate that Clostridium acetobutylicum gene CAC1343 encodes a bi-functional xylulose-5-P/fructose-6-P phosphoketolase (XFP). The specific activity of purified recombinant XFP was 6.9 U/mg on xylulose-5-P and 21 U/mg on fructose-6-P, while the specific activity of XFP in concentrated C. acetobutylicum whole-cell extract was 0.094 and 0.52 U/mg, respectively. Analysis of crude cell extracts indicated that XFP activity was present in cells grown on arabinose but not glucose and quantitative PCR was used to show that CAC1343 mRNA expression was induced 185-fold during growth on arabinose when compared to growth on glucose. HPLC analysis of metabolites revealed that during growth on xylose and glucose more butyrate than acetate was formed with final acetate:butyrate ratios of 0.72 and 0.83, respectively. Growth on arabinose caused a metabolic shift to more oxidized products with a final acetate:butyrate ratio of 1.95. The shift towards more oxidized products is consistent with the presence of an XFP, suggesting that arabinose is metabolized via a phosphoketolase pathway while xylose is probably metabolized via the pentose phosphate pathway.
Effect of prior hysterectomy on the anterior and posterior vaginal compartments of women presenting with pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Shalom Dara F. , Lin Stephanie N. , O'Shaughnessy Danielle , Lind Lawrence R. , Winkler Harvey A.
Published: August 2012

Objective

To describe the effects of hysterectomy on the anterior and posterior vaginal compartments and specific pelvic organ prolapsed quantification (POP‐Q) data points.

Methods

In a retrospective case–control study, data were analyzed from patients presenting at a urogynecologic center in Manhasset, USA, with urogenital prolapse between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2010. Patients who underwent hysterectomy for indications not including prolapse were compared with age‐ and parity‐matched women without prior hysterectomy. POP‐Q points were measured and converted to stages for each vaginal compartment. The t test, Wilcoxon rank sum, and Fisher exact tests were used to compare normally distributed variables, nonparametric data, and categoric variables, respectively.

Results

Seventy‐one patients who underwent prior hysterectomy were matched to 71 patients with intact uteri. Women with prior hysterectomy had significantly greater prolapse at POP‐Q point Bp and worse overall posterior compartment prolapse compared with those without prior hysterectomy. Women who underwent hysterectomy were more likely to have stage 2 or greater prolapse (OR 2.6, 95% CI, 1.3–5.2; P = 0.01).

Conclusion

When matched for age and parity, women with prior hysterectomy had significantly greater posterior compartment prolapse compared with those without. Prior hysterectomy had no significant effect on the anterior vaginal compartment.
Assessment of the clinical benefits of remote monitoring of cardiac‐implanted devices: A single‐center study in Japan
Authors: Togo Konomi , Takagi Masahiko , Suzuki Kentaro , Maeda Keiko , Tatsumi Hiroaki , Takeuchi Kazuhide
Published: August 2012

Introduction

The clinical benefits of remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac‐implanted devices have not been fully evaluated in Japan. We investigated the clinical benefits of RM in a single center in Japan.

Methods

Patients with pacemakers, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD), or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillators (CRT‐D) were assigned to RM and non‐RM groups. The outpatient wait times and times to notification of EVENTS that we defined sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias, worsening heart failure, and inappropriate therapy for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in this study, were compared between the 2 groups.

Results

A total of 416 patients (RM: 61; non‐RM: 355) were evaluated. The outpatient wait time was 17.6±22.1 min for the RM group and 35.6±25.2 min for the non‐RM group (P<0.001). Seventy‐seven and 306 EVENTS were observed in 38 and 256 patients during mean follow‐up periods of 360±22 days and 429±10 days in the RM and non‐RM groups, respectively. The times to notification of EVENTS were 8.1±16.2 days for the RM group and 38.7±33.2 days for the non‐RM group (P<0.001).

Conclusions

RM significantly shortened outpatient wait times and times to notification of EVENTS. Therefore, RM was clinically beneficial in a single center in Japan.
Sinus node dysfunction with interatrial conduction delay observed after left atrial myxoma resection through the superior septal approach
Authors: Miyazaki Susumu , Fujiu Katsuhito , Sugiyama Hiroaki , Murasawa Takahide , Yokota Jun , Iwazaki Keigo , Kojima Toshiya , Suzuki Takeki , Asada Kazuo , Tamai Hisayoshi , Imai Yasushi , Yamashita Hiroshi , Hirata Yasunobu , Nagai Ryozo
Published: August 2012

We report on a 64‐year‐old female patient who underwent cardiac surgery for left atrial myxoma, using the superior septal approach with large atrial septal wall resection and patch closure. The superior septal approach is reported to be a relatively safe method for preventing the development of sinus node dysfunction after cardiac surgery. However, this patient developed sinus node dysfunction after surgery and required the implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Moreover, in this case, determining the appropriate positions of the pacemaker leads was difficult because of the presence of a large conduction delay in the interatrium. Selecting the appropriate atrioventricular delay settings was important in order to achieve proper sequential contractions between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Complaint-making as political participation in contemporary Russia
Authors: Henry Laura A.
Published: August 2012

Prior to December 2011, instances of widespread collective mobilization were relatively rare in contemporary Russia. Russian citizens are more likely to engage in a different means of airing grievances: making an official complaint to the authorities. This article considers how complaint-making, as a variety of political participation, may contribute either to authoritarian resilience or to political liberalization. The political significance of complaints made to the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Russian Federation is examined. Since it is the broader political context that shapes the significance of complaints, in the absence of meaningful elections individualized appeals to the state are unlikely to promote democratic change, although they may allow for redress of individual rights violations.
Single‐nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in β‐Defensin 2 in a Japanese Population and an Effect of – 1029 SNP on Promoter Activity
Authors: Kusano Kaoru , Abiko Yoshihiro , Nishimura Michiko , Arakawa Toshiya , Takeshima Maiko , Fujimoto Atsushi , Takuma Taishin , Kaku Tohru
Published: August 2012

Human β‐defensin (hBD) 2 is an epithelial antimicrobial peptide. We studied single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene of hBD‐2 in a Japanese population, and estimated the effect of a polymorphism in the promoter/enhancer region on the transcriptional activity. By sequencing the hBD‐2 gene of 50 unrelated individuals, we detected one SNP in exon 2 and nine SNPs in the promoter/enhancer region. The SNP in the coding region at the ＋1765 position is synonymous [CCC (Pre)→CCT (Pre)]. One SNP in the promoter region (－ 1029) is located at the consensus sequence for NF‐IL6 binding. By luciferase reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the wild‐type (G) of －1029 showed significantly lower transcriptional activity than did the variant‐type (A). The SNP at position －1029 may influence the hBD‐2 expression and cause genetic variations in susceptibility to infectious diseases.
Osteoinduction with HA/TCP Ceramics of Different Composition and Porous Structure in Rabbits
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Kurita Hiroshi , Kurashina Kenji
Published: August 2012

To determine the effect of material factors on Ca‐P biomaterial‐induced osteogenesis, six kinds of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics with different HA to TCP ratio (HA/TCP 2‐8, 7‐3) and different porous structure (micro‐, macro‐ and micro/macro‐ porous structures) were implanted intramuscularly in rabbits. Different tissue response was detected histologically and microradiographically after the ceramic samples were implanted in the dorsal muscles of rabbits for 3 and 6 months. Obvious bone formation was found in two kinds of ceramics with the same micro/macro‐ porous structure at both 3 and 6 months. In contrast, no bone formation or host tissue invasion was detected in two other kinds of ceramics with only microporous structure, even after 6 months implantation. Some bone formation was found occasionally in two kinds of ceramics with only macro‐porous structure at 6 months. Bone tissue was usually formed in direct contact with the pore surface and was only located in non‐dissolved porous regions. Osteocyte lacunae were seen and no pathological calcifications were observed. These results indicate that micro‐ and macro‐porous structure play an important role in the osteoinduction with Ca‐P ceramics. Furthermore, the results showed that the osteoinductive capacity of BCP ceramics was influenced by the different dissolution rate through changing HA/TCP ratio.
The Individual Cell Properties of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Mutation
Authors: Kamiya Yoko , Ohshima Tomoko
Published: August 2012

There is no consensus on the relationship between variations in TP53 mutations and tumor properties in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To further the basic research required to eventually develop individualized (order‐made) treatments and prognoses for OSCC, we established six human OSCC lines from patients within our department. Together with another nine cell lines derived from donations by other organizations, we determined the TP53 mutation and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of codon 72 in a total of 15 cell lines, and examined in vitro cell invasion activity and anti‐cancer drug sensitivity. The missense mutation at codon 248 was most abundant, and was noted in four cell lines, but other diverse mutation variations were also revealed. The cells which expressed the mutated p53 protein (the p53 (＋) group) showed slightly higher invasion activity than did the p53 (－) group.　 In p53 (＋) group, the 72R of SNP (72P/R) was higher than the 72P in invasion activity, although the difference was not significant. Surprisingly, an anti‐cancer drug sensitivity test with four different types of drugs showed that the p53 (－) group was more resistant in other than CDDP, and that 72R was more sensitive than 72P in the p53 (＋) group. To clarify the characteristics of the R248Q mutation, which is the most abundant missense mutation, the gene was introduced with an expression plasmid vector into a TP53 null Saos‐2 cell. The transformant of R248Q mutation gained higher activity of invasion, while its anti‐cancer drug sensitivity also increased. Our findings suggest that it may be possible to estimate oral cancer cell characteristics and the malignancy level based on differences in the TP53 mutation
Analysis of Bilateral Neck Metastasis of Tongue Cancer
Authors: Ishii Junichi , Yamashiro Masashi , Yamane Masashi , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Iwaki Hiroshi , Amagasa Teruo
Published: August 2012

To estimate the prognosis of bilateral cervical metastases from tongue carcinoma, we studied twelve patients (24‐72 years old) who underwent neck dissections at our hospital to judge whether we should have performed radical treatment or not for those patients of tongue carcinoma who had bilateral metastatic nodes.

The five‐year survival rate of bilateral neck metastasis patients was 58% (the Kaplan‐Meier method). On the other hand, the five‐year survival rate of patients with only unilateral neck metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue was 56%. Thus, there was no statistical significant difference in survival rate.

We conclude that even if a patient has metastatic lymph nodes on both sides of the neck, radical therapy should be done.
Cancer in Bone
Authors: Yoneda Toshiyuki
Published: August 2012

Bone is one of the most preferential metastatic target sites for cancers such as breast, prostate and lung cancers. Although the precise molecular mechanism underlying this preference needs to be elucidated, bone appears to possess unique biological microenvironments that allow circulating cancer cells to home, proliferate and survive. As a consequence of cancer expansion, cellular and molecular homeostasis of bone micro‐environments is disturbed and bone is destroyed, leading to the development of bone metastases. Thus, understanding of the crosstalk between cancer cells and bone is critical to design mechanism‐based effective and specific therapeutic interventions for bone metastases.
Radiological Morphometric Analysis for the Trabecular Bone Structure of Mandibular Condyle after Ovariectomy in Mature Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Shimamoto Michiharu , Kozai Yusuke , Matsumoto Yukiko , Kawamata Ryota , Sakurai Takashi , Kashima Isamu
Published: August 2012

To investigate the effects of experimental osteoporosis on the trabecular structure of the mandibular condyle in cynomolgus monkeys by radiological bone morphometry, ovariectomy (OVX) was performed on 10‐year‐old female cynomolgus monkeys, which were fed a controlled diet for 2 years. Ten sham control groups were fed under the same conditions. Using a microfocus tube and computed radiography, the removed mandibular condyle samples were imaged by standardized magnification radiography. The structural parameters were measured using radiological bone morphometric analysis. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The thickness of the cortical bone was measured using magnified radiographic images. The thickness of the cortical bone and the BMD in the OVX group were significantly lower than in the sham group. In the results of skeletal structure of the mandibular condyle, the trabecular structure of the mandibular condyle was markedly deteriorated in the OVX group. The trabecular structure of the mandibular condyle for the OVX group was significantly decreased, thus it was suggested that osteoporosis is a potential risk factor of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint.
A Computational Tongue Model and its Clinical Application
Authors: Fujita Satoru , Dang Jianwu , Suzuki Noriko , Honda Kiyoshi
Published: August 2012

The tongue possesses a complex muscular structure, and its motor functions are also intricate. Therefore, it would be beneficial to use a computational physiological model of the tongue to examine its vital functions in normal and pathological conditions. Thus far, the studies of tongue models have focused on symmetric movements for normal speech. For clinical purposes, it is necessary to develop a physiological model to deal with daily vital activities such as mastication and swallowing. To do so, we constructed a full 3D physiological model of the tongue based on MRI data from a normal subject, and verified the basic functions of the model based on anatomic and physiological knowledge. In this study, the model was applied to clinical issues: prediction and verification of the changes in movements of the tongue with a tumor before and after partial glossectomy, respectively. Tongue protrusion and lateral bending motion were examined for the prediction and verification. The simulation results were consistent with the observations for a patient with a tumor in the tongue. Comparisons of the simulation and observation in the clinical case showed that the model could predict potential effects of the glossectomy on the tongue movements. It is suggested that the model is a useful tool for pre‐operative planning of glossectomy.
Secondary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity in Young Adults after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Leukemia: Report of Two Cases with Human Papillomavirus Infection
Authors: Kawano Kenji , Goto Hideyuki , Takahashi Yoshihiro , Kaku Yoshihisa , Oobu Kazunari , Yanagisawa Shigetaka
Published: August 2012

Two cases of secondary oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which developed in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for leukemia, are reported. The first patient underwent allogeneic HSCT for chronic myelogenous leukemia at 32 years of age. He suffered from chronic graft‐versus‐host‐disease (GVHD) of the oral mucosa after HSCT, and has subsequently received immunosuppressive therapy. He experienced metachronous multiple SCCs in the maxillary gingiva and the dorsum of the tongue at 36 years and 40 years of age, respectively. The second patient received autologous HSCT for acute myelogenous leukemia at 22 years of age, and she did not experience GVHD after transplantation. SCC developed in the lateral border of the tongue at 27 years of age. PCR analysis detected both HPV16 and HPV18 in the tongue tumor of the first patient, and only HPV18 in that of the second patient, suggesting that the infection of high‐risk HPVs was possibly involved in the development of post‐HSCT oral cancers in these patients. Since risk factors for post‐HSCT oral SCC are not yet well recognized, long‐term close follow‐up is necessary for the early detection of secondary oral cancers in all transplant recipients.
Possible Involvement of p38 MAP Kinase in Retinoid‐stimulated Expression of Indian Hedgehog in Prehypertrophic Chondrocytes
Authors: Shimo Tsuyoshi , Koyama Eiki , Ibaragi Soichiro , Kurio Naito , Yamamoto Daisuke , Okui Tatsuo , Kishimoto Koji , Mese Hiroshi , Sasaki Akira
Published: August 2012

The mandibular condyle formation during temporomandibular joint (TMJ) development exhibits endochondral bone formation, and the elongation process is dependent on the normal cartilage proliferation and differentiation. Retinoids are important for maturation of growth‐plate chondrocytes, but the identity of their downstream effectors remains unclear. In this study, we carried out a series of studies at the cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels to determine whether, and if so how, retinoid signaling is related to the expression and function of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) in chondrocyte proliferation. First we analyzed the RA receptor (RAR) and Ihh expression pattern in E18 mandibular condyle. RARα and RARβ mRNA were characterized in the perichondrium around the condyle, whereas RARγ mRNA was expressed in the immature and prehypertrophic chondrocytes and the expression was overlapped with Ihh gene expression. Next we established a high‐density culture model of chick cephalic chondrocytes in the prehypertrophic stage. We found that all‐trans retinoic acid (RA) induced Ihh mRNA gene expression in this system. The RA pan‐antagonist Ro 41‐5253 inhibited both endogenous and RA‐induced Ihh mRNA in a dose‐dependent manner. The Ihh mRNA expression induced by RA required de novo protein synthesis, and was mediated by RARγ. Immunoblots showed that the prehypertrophic chondrocytes contained sizable levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase that were time‐ and dose‐dependently increased by the RA treatment. Experimental p38 inhibition led to a severe drop in baseline and RA‐stimulated Ihh expression. Exogenous recombinant Ihh stimulated the proliferation of proliferating chondrocytes, whereas RA inhibited the proliferation of these chondrocytes through p38 MAPK. Retinoids appear to play a primary role in controlling both the expression and function of Ihh in prehypertrophic chondrocytes and do so via p38 MAP kinase.
Detection and Analysis of Helicobacter pylori DNA in the Gastric Juice, Saliva, and Urine by Nested PCR
Authors: Yamada Ryuhei , Yamaguchi Akira , Shibasaki Koichi
Published: August 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the strain heterogeneity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in saliva, gastric juice, and urine by nested PCR and the direct sequence method, and to clarify the mode of transmission by examining whether H. pylori in the stomach and saliva are identical.

Thirty‐nine patients undergoing endoscopy were enrolled in this study. H. pylori DNA was assayed in 104 samples using two sets of primers, EHC‐U/EHC‐L and ET‐5U/ET‐5L. DNA sequencing was performed in 24 samples.

H. pylori DNA was detected in 39 gastric juice samples (100%) and in 28 saliva samples (71.8%). The prevalence in urine samples was 50% (13/26). All samples except one were identical with over 97% identity to the DNA sequence of H. pylori type strain J99 (USA).

Nested PCR was highly sensitive for detection of H. pylori DNA in saliva, and DNA sequencing may be useful to clarify the mode of transmission.
Increased Expression of CENP‐H Gene in Human Salivary Gland Carcinomas
Authors: Shigeishi Hideo , Mitani Yoshitsugu , Ono Shigehiro , Ohta Kouji , Higashikawa Koichiro , Taki Masayuki , Kamata Nobuyuki
Published: August 2012

There have been very few studies on the expression of Centromere proteins in human salivary gland carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to clarify the correlation between Centromere protein H (CENP‐H) expression and clinicopathologic factors in salivary gland carcinomas. The expression of CENP‐H mRNA was investigated in 28 human salivary gland tumors (7 pleomorphic adenomas, 3 Warthin tumors, 6 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 6 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 5 acinic cell carcinomas and 1 malignant myoepithelioma) and 8 normal submandibular glands using real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The labeling index of PCNA and Ki‐67 were also investigated immunohistochemically in 16 salivary gland carcinomas. The mean expression level of CENP‐H mRNA was significantly higher in malignant tumors (0.55 ± 0.68) than normal submandibular glands (0.10 ± 0.029). A significant correlation between the PCNA labeling index and CENP‐H mRNA expression was also found (Spearman’s correlation coefficient by rank test, P=0.033). We also found a significant correlation between the Ki‐67 labeling index and CENP‐H mRNA expression in malignant tumors (Spearman’s correlation coefficient by rank test, P=0.040). These results indicate that human CENP‐H mRNA is closely linked to increased or abnormal cell proliferation in malignant salivary gland tumors.
Inhibition of Rac Induces Hyper‐Activation of c‐Jun N‐Terminal Kinase and Caspase‐Dependent Apoptosis
Authors: Matsuoka Yudai , Nakahara Hirokazu , Nozaki Shinichi , Otani Tomohiro , Kogo Mikihiko
Published: August 2012

Apoptosis is one mechanism by which cancer cells can be eliminated. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways that transduce apoptotic signals in cancer cells is an indispensable component of cancer research. Rac, a member of the Rho family of proteins, has been implicated in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain to be elucidated. To understand the role of Rac in oral squamous cancer, we inhibited its activity by a Rac‐specific small molecule inhibitor, NSC23766, or transfection of dominant negative Rac (Rac‐DN), and discovered that inhibition of Rac activity elicits apoptosis in highly malignant oral squamous carcinoma (OSC‐19) cells. Upon suppression of Rac, we observed up‐regulation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), leading to caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, stimulation of protein phosphatase (PP5) rescued apoptosis caused by Rac inhibition by dephosphorylating JNK. Taken together, inhibition of Rac activity leads to the suppression of PP5 activity, which results in extensive activation of JNK and caspase‐dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, Rac inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach for oral squamous carcinoma.
Intramuscular Lipoma of the Cheek: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Hashitani Susumu , Toyohara Yukiyo , Sakurai Kazunari , Urade Masahiro
Published: August 2012

Two cases of intramuscular lipoma occurring in the cheek of a 39‐year‐old and of a 55‐year‐old Japanese males are presented. These were excised by the intraoral approach. Histopathologically, these lesions were composed of the adipose cell‐like tumor cells infiltrating in the striated muscles. There has been no evidence of tumor recurrence after operation.