bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of home-based childcare on childhood mortality in rural Maharashtra, India: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Satav Ashish Rambhau , Satav Kavita Ashish , Bharadwaj Abhijeet , Pendharkar Jayashree , Dani Vibhawari , Ughade Suresh , Raje Dhananjay , Simões Eric A F
Published: July 2022

Background

Melghat, an impoverished rural area in Maharashtra state, India; has scarce hospital services and low health-seeking behaviour. At baseline (2004) the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) (number of deaths in children aged 0–5 years/1000 live births) was 147.21 and infant mortality rate (IMR) (number of deaths of infants aged under 1 year/1000 live births) was 106.6 per 1000 live births. We aimed at reducing mortality rates through home-based child care (HBCC) using village health workers (VHWs).

Methods

A cluster-randomised control trial was conducted in 34 randomly assigned clusters/villages of Melghat, Maharashtra state, between 2004 and 2009. Participants included all under-five children and their parents. Interventions delivered through VHWs were patient–public involvement, newborn care, disease management and behaviour change communications. Primary outcome indicators were U5MR and IMR. Secondary outcome indicators were neonatal mortality rate (NMR) (number of neonatal deaths aged 0–28 days/1000 live births) and perinatal mortality rate (PMR) (number of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths/1000 total births). Analysis was by intention-to-treat at the individual level. This trial was extended to a service phase (2010–2015) in both arms and a government replication phase (2016–2019) only for the intervention clusters/areas (IA).

Findings

There were 18 control areas/clusters (CA) allocated and analysed with 4426 individuals, and 16 of 18 allocated IA, analysed with 3230 individuals. The IMR and U5MR in IA were reduced from 106.60 and 147.21 to 32.75 and 50.38 (reduction by 69.28% and 65.78%, respectively) compared with increases in CA from 67.67 and 105.3 to 86.83 and 122.8, respectively, from baseline to end of intervention. NMR and PMR in IA showed reductions from 50.76 to 22.67 (by 55.34%) and from 75.06 to 24.94 (by 66.77%) respectively. These gains extended to villages in the service and replication phases.

Interpretation

This socio-culturally contextualised model for HBCC through VHWs backed up with institutional support is effective for significant reduction of U5MR, IMR and NMR in impoverished rural areas. This reduction was maintained in the study area during the service phase, indicating feasibility of implementation in large-scale public health programmes. Replicability of the model was demonstrated by a linear decline in all the mortality rates in 20 new villages during the government phase.

Trial registration number

NCT02473796.
Associations between long term air pollution exposure and first hospital admission for kidney and total urinary system diseases in the US Medicare population: nationwide longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Lee Whanhee , Wu Xiao , Heo Seulkee , Fong Kelvin C , Son Ji-Young , Sabath M Benjamin , Braun Danielle , Park Jae Yoon , Kim Yong Chul , Lee Jung Pyo , Schwartz Joel , Kim Ho , Dominici Francesca , Bell Michelle
Published: July 2022

Objective

To estimate the associations between long term exposure to air pollution and the first hospital admission related to kidney and total urinary system diseases.

Design

Nationwide longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

Data were collected from the Medicare fee-for-service for beneficiaries living in 34 849 zip codes across the continental United States from 2000 to 2016. Exposure variables were annual averages of traffic related pollutants (fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)) that were assigned according to the zip code of residence of each beneficiary with the use of validated and published hybrid ensemble prediction models.

Participants

All beneficiaries aged 65 years or older who were enrolled in Medicare part A fee-for-service (n=61 097 767).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

First hospital admission with diagnosis codes for total kidney and urinary system disease or chronic kidney disease (CKD), analyzed separately.

Results

The average annual concentrations of air pollution were 9.8 µg/m3for PM2.5and 18.9 ppb for NO2. The total number of first admissions related to total kidney and urinary system disease and CKD were around 19.0 million and 5.9 million, respectively (2000-16). For total kidney and urinary system disease, hazard ratios were 1.076 (95% confidence interval 1.071 to 1.081) for a 5 µg/m3increase in PM2.5and 1.040 (1.036 to 1.043) for a 10 ppb increase in NO2. For CKD, hazard ratios were 1.106 (1.097 to 1.115) for a 5 µg/m3increase in PM2.5and 1.013 (1.008 to 1.019) for a 10 ppb increase in NO2. These positive associations between PM2.5and kidney outcomes persisted at concentrations below national health based air quality standards.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that higher annual air pollution levels were associated with increased risk of first hospital admission related to diseases of the kidney and urinary system or CKD in the Medicare population.
Association between gout and cardiovascular outcomes in adults with no history of cardiovascular disease: large data linkage study in New Zealand
Authors: Cai Ken , Wu Billy , Mehta Suneela , Harwood Matire , Grey Corina , Dalbeth Nicola , Wells Susan Mary , Jackson Rod , Poppe Katrrina
Published: July 2022

Objective

To examine the association of gout with cardiovascular outcomes using linked administrative health data in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Design

Data linkage study.

Setting

National registries of pharmaceutical dispensing, hospital admission, and deaths linked to the Auckland/Northland regional repository of laboratory results to create a regional health contact population as of 31 December 2011.

Participants

942 416 residents of the Auckland/Northland region, aged 20-79 years with no history of cardiovascular disease.

Main outcome measures

Time to first fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event, identified from national datasets on hospital admissions and mortality, between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2016. Cardiovascular disease was broadly defined as comprising ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, and heart failure.

Interventions

A history of gout identified from a discharge diagnosis of gout from a public hospital admission or previous dispensing of gout specific drug treatments. The cohort was then linked to national hospital admissions and deaths through to 31 December 2016 (ie, 5 years' follow-up). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to assess the associations between gout, other risk factors, and cardiovascular outcomes.

Results

Of 942 416 people included in the study, 31 907 (3.4%) had gout (6261 women and 25 646 men). After adjustment for multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease, gout was associated with increased cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.45) in women; 1.18 (1.12 to 1.24) in men). For men with gout, there was an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in those who were not dispensed regular allopurinol (1.15 (1.05 to 1.25)) and those with a serum urate above the treatment target of 0.36 mmol/L (1.16 (1.04 to 1.30)). Risk of cardiovascular events was lower for men with gout who were not dispensed colchicine compared with those who were (0.84 (0.77 to 0.92)). These findings were not observed in women.

Conclusion

These results indicate that gout is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In men with gout without history of cardiovascular disease, the cardiovascular risk was lower in those regularly dispensed allopurinol and those with serum urate levels at the recommended treatment target. By contrast, colchicine dispensing was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events in men with gout without a cardiovascular history. The potential causal mechanisms of these associations require further exploration, including casual inference modelling in future studies.
Differential associations of lipoprotein(a) level with cerebral large artery and small vessel diseases
Authors: Pan Yuesong , Cai Xueli , Jing Jing , Wang Suying , Meng Xia , Mei Lerong , Yang Yingying , Jin Aoming , DongXiao Yao , Li Shan , Li Hao , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yilong
Published: July 2022

Background and purpose

Cerebral large artery and small vessel diseases are related to different pathogenetic mechanisms and have different risk factor profile. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) was shown to promote atherosclerosis but data was limited on its association with cerebral small vessel diseases (cSVD). The objective of this study was to assess the associations of Lp(a) level with the two types of cerebrovascular diseases.

Methods

Community-dwelling subjects aged 50–75 years from the baseline survey of The PolyvasculaR Evaluation for Cognitive Impairment and vaScular Events study were included. Lp(a) concentrations was measured and categorised into three groups according to the tertiles. Eligible participants were scanned by a 3.0T MRI scanner and assessed for intracranial atherosclerosis and cSVD burden based on four imaging markers.

Results

This study included 3059 subjects. The average age of the participants was 61.2±6.7 years, and 53.5% (1636) were female. Compared with the first tertile, subjects with the second and third tertiles of Lp(a) concentrations were associated with an increased odds of presence of intracranial plaque (18.7% vs 15.4%, adj.OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.75; 18.9% vs 15.4%, adj.OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.72). Similar associations were observed for intracranial atherosclerotic burden. Whereas, subjects with the third tertile of Lp(a) level had a decreased odds of presence of cSVD (25.9% vs 31.7%, adj.OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.92) and lower cSVD burden (adj.cOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.94).

Conclusions

In this study, Lp(a) concentrations were positively associated with presence and burden of intracranial atherosclerosis, but was inversely associated with cSVD.

Trial registration number

NCT03178448.
Identifying drivers of tropical riverine larval fish abundance and diversity
Authors: Tyler Kyle J. , Wedd Dion , Crook David A. , Kennard Mark J. , King Alison J.
Published: July 2022

Several hypotheses and conceptual models propose to explain mechanisms mediating riverine fish abundance, but few empirical studies to date have explored their utility in tropical systems. This study assesses key components of previous fish recruitment models by exploring spatiotemporal variation in larval fish assemblages in response to predicted key drivers in a tropical Australian river catchment. Data on larval fish composition and abundance, alongside hydrological, hydraulic, habitat and food variables, were collected monthly to bimonthly over one year at eight sites. Variables which best predicted larval fish abundance and diversity were determined with Boosted Regression Trees. The most commonly important predictors were microfauna abundance, structural habitat complexity and temperature, with high values of each predicting high larval fish abundance and diversity. Maximum larval diversity occurred when discharge was highest because several wet-season spawning taxa occurred alongside aseasonally spawning taxa. These findings support previous generic fish recruitment models, demonstrating the utility of their inclusion in the recent Riverine Recruitment Synthesis Model and the applicability of this model for describing processes important for tropical riverine fish recruitment.
Fracture pressure, leak-off tests and Poisson's ratio
Authors: Lahann Richard W. , Swarbrick Richard E.
Published: July 2022

Fracture pressure models are used to create pre-drill fracture pressure–depth plots that are essential to the design of drilling and casing programmes in oil and gas wells, and for the future development of carbon capture and underground storage. Some of these models include an empirical term (stress ratio) that relates effective horizontal stress to effective vertical stress. Based on the literature, the stress ratio is assumed to vary with compaction and can be calculated from Poisson's ratio (

ν

). An alternative to models that utilize the stress ratio term is a model that relates fracture pressure to a constant fraction of the vertical stress. This paper demonstrates that a constant fraction of vertical stress is equivalent to a stress ratio that increases slightly with depth.

Estimation of how the

ν

changes with compaction is complicated by the multiple methods that are commonly employed to measure

ν

. The available static and dynamic

ν

data suggest a substantial decrease in

ν

with porosity reduction. Evaluation of
in situ

ν

data from leak-off tests (LOTs) and associated fluid pressure data in Tertiary basins indicates that

in situ

ν

does not decline as rapidly as indicated by the other methods of

ν

determination.

In situ

ν

data indicate that calibration of the stress ratio from traditional

ν

methods is not appropriate and may substantially underestimate the fracture pressure (FP).

Fracture pressure models that utilize a constant fraction of vertical stress or estimate the stress ratio empirically from LOT data should be employed for pre-drill estimation of fracture pressure.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Geopressure collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/geopressure
Survey of Control-flow Integrity Techniques for Real-time Embedded Systems
Authors: Mishra Tanmaya , Chantem Thidapat , Gerdes Ryan
Published: July 2022

Computing systems, including real-time embedded systems, are becoming increasingly connected to allow for more advanced and safer operation. Such embedded systems are also often resource-constrained, for example, with lower processing capabilities compared to general-purpose computing systems like desktops or servers. With the advent of paradigms such as internet-of-things (IoT), embedded systems in both commercial and industrial contexts are being increasingly interconnected and exposed to the external networks to improve automation and efficiency of operation. However, allowing external interfaces to such embedded systems increases their exposure to attackers. With an increase in attacks against embedded systems ranging from home appliances to industrial control systems operating critical equipment that have real-time requirements, it is imperative that defense mechanisms be created that explicitly consider such resource and real-time constraints. Control-flow integrity (CFI) is a family of defense mechanisms that prevent attackers from modifying the flow of execution. We survey CFI techniques, ranging from the basic to state of the art, that are built for embedded systems and real-time embedded systems and find that there is a dearth, especially for real-time embedded systems, of CFI mechanisms. We then present open challenges to the community to help drive future research in this domain.
BioLumin: An Immersive Mixed Reality Experience for Interactive Microscopic Visualization and Biomedical Research Annotation
Authors: Elor Aviv , Whittaker Steve , Kurniawan Sri , Michael Sam
Published: July 2022

Many recent breakthroughs in medical diagnostics and drug discovery arise from deploying machine learning algorithms to large-scale data sets. However, a significant obstacle to such approaches is that they depend on high-quality annotations generated by domain experts. This study develops and evaluates BioLumin, a novel immersive mixed reality environment that enables users to virtually shrink down to the microscopic level for navigation and annotation of 3D reconstructed images. We discuss how domain experts were consulted in the specification of a pipeline to enable automatic reconstruction of biological models for mixed reality environments, driving the design of a 3DUI system to explore whether such a system allows accurate annotation of complex medical data by non-experts. To examine the usability and feasibility of BioLumin, we evaluated our prototype through a multi-stage mixed-method approach. First, three domain experts offered expert reviews, and subsequently, nineteen non-expert users performed representative annotation tasks in a controlled setting. The results indicated that the mixed reality system was learnable and that non-experts could generate high-quality 3D annotations after a short training session. Lastly, we discuss design considerations for future tools like BioLumin in medical and more general scientific contexts.
A New Dark Age? Truth, Trust, and Environmental Science
Authors: Gundersen Torbjørn , Alinejad Donya , Branch T.Y. , Duffy Bobby , Hewlett Kirstie , Holst Cathrine , Owens Susan , Panizza Folco , Tellmann Silje Maria , van Dijck José , Baghramian Maria
Published: July 2022

This review examines the alleged crisis of trust in environmental science and its impact on public opinion, policy decisions in the context of democratic governance, and the interaction between science and society. In an interdisciplinary manner, the review focuses on the following themes: the trustworthiness of environmental science, empirical studies on levels of trust and trust formation; social media, environmental science, and disinformation; trust in environmental governance and democracy; and co-production of knowledge and the production of trust in knowledge. The review explores both the normative issue of trustworthiness and empirical studies on how to build trust. The review does not provide any simple answers to whether trust in science is generally in decline or whether we are returning to a lessenlightened era in public life with decreased appreciation of knowledge and truth. The findings are more nuanced, showing signs of both distrust and trust in environmental science.
The Law and Economics of Blockchain
Authors: Holden Richard , Malani Anup
Published: July 2022

This article examines the implications of Distributed Ledger Technology (a.k.a. blockchain) for several areas of law. While cryptocurrencies have received much attention, the implications of DLT are potentially far reaching. DLT raises interesting and important questions relating to rules of evidence, surrounding issues like hearsay and authentication. The advent of initial coin offerings has implications not only for how firms are financed but also for securities law in regulating such offerings. Cryptocurrencies themselves (e.g., Bitcoin) have raised serious issues for tax avoidance and taxation law. Relatedly, the rise of cryptocurrencies raises issues regarding the relationship between private and nationally issued currencies, and even the role and efficacy of monetary policy. Finally, DLT has practical implications for election law and voter turnout, with such technology already begun to be used for security purposes in online voting and permitted in 32 US states.
The Safety and Efficacy of Endoscopic Combined Intrarenal Surgery (ECIRS) versus Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abdullatif Victor A. , Sur Roger L. , Abdullatif Ziad A. , Szabo Sharon R. , Abbott Joel E.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Our aim is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery compared to percutaneous nephrolithotomy to guide practitioners and inform guidelines. Materials and Methods. A detailed database search was performed in PubMed, OVID, Scopus, and Web of Science in October 2021 to identify articles pertaining to ECIRS published between 2001 and 2021. Results. Four nonrandomized comparative studies and one RCT were identified, yielding five studies with a total of 546 patients (ECIRS/mini-ECIRS, n = 277; PCNL/mini-PCNL, n = 269). Subjects in these five studies met the predefined inclusion criteria established by two reviewers (J.E.A. and R.L.S.) and were therefore eligible for analysis. The results demonstrated that ECIRS was associated with a higher SFR (OR: 4.20; 95% CI: 2.79, 6.33;

p
<
0.00001

), fewer complications (OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.97;

p
=
0.04

), and a shorter hospital stay (WMD: −1.27; 95% CI: −1.55, −0.98;

p
<
0.00001

) when compared to PCNL. There were no statistically significant differences in blood transfusions (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.12, 1.68;

p
=
0.24

), operative time (SMD: −1.05; 95% CI: −2.42, 0.31;

p
=
0.13

), or blood loss (SMD: −1.10; 95% CI: −2.46, 0.26;

p
=
0.11

) between ECIRS and PCNL. Conclusions. ECIRS may be a more suitable approach for the surgical management of large and complex kidney stones currently indicating PCNL due to its superior efficacy with comparable surgical time and complication rate, though it is thought that a lack of resources and properly trained personnel may preclude ECIRS from becoming the standard. It is our impression that ECIRS may become the preferred technique in the endourologic community corresponding to the evolutionary sequence of percutaneous stone surgery.
One 6-F Guiding Catheter and One Microcatheter to Accomplish a Retrograde Chronic Total Occlusion Approach: The “Reverse Tip-In” or “Introspect” Technique
Authors: Firouzi Ata , Hosseini Zahra , Khalilipur Ehsan
Published: July 2022

The retrograde approach has significantly increased the overall success rate of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), up to 90% in the hands of experienced CTO operators. The “tip-in” technique involves inserting an antegrade microcatheter over the retrograde guidewire, allowing for antegrade intervention on the CTO segment. Through the presentation of the following case, we want to illustrate how to undertake a retrograde approach to bridge the occluded segment via the “reverse tip-in” or “introspect” technique, using a single guiding catheter with one microcatheter inside.
Systematic Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Research Hotspots and Trends on Autism Spectrum Disorder Neuroimaging
Authors: Lu Yi , Zhang Li , Wu Xing-yang , Fei Fang-rong , Han Hui
Published: July 2022

Background. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a chronic developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. The gold standard for the diagnosis of this condition is based on behavioral science, but research on the application of neurological detection to diagnose the atypical nervous system of ASD is ongoing. ASD neuroimaging research involves the examination of the brain’s structure, functional connections, and neurometabolic. However, limited medical resource and the unique heterogeneity of ASD have resulted in many challenges when neuroimaging is utilized. Objective. This bibliometric study is aimed at summarizing themes and trends in research on autism spectrum disorder neuroimaging and at proposing potential directions for future inquiry. Methods. Citations were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection database on neuroimaging published from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. The retrieved information was analyzed using Bibliometric.com, CiteSpace.5.8. R3, and VOS viewer. Results. A total of 1,363 papers were published across 58 regions. The United States was the leading source of publications. The League of European Research Universities published the largest number of articles (171). Burst keywords from 2018 to 2021 include identification and network. The clusters of references that continued into 2020 included graph theory, functional connectivity, and classification, which represent key research topics. Conclusions. Imaging data is being used to identify neuro-network models with higher accuracy for ASD discrimination. Functional near-infrared imaging is advantageous compared to other neuroimaging. In the future, research on systematic and accurate computer-aided diagnosis technology should be encouraged. Moreover, the study of neuroimaging of ASD in different psychological and behavioral states can inspire new ideas about the diagnosis and intervention training of ASD and should be explored.
Preoperative Assessment of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tawfik M. R. , Aldawas N. F. , Almegbil N. S. , Bin Hamad A. A. , Alanazi A. N. , Alaidaroos A. M. , AlRawaf T. M. , Fayed A. A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Saudi Arabia (SA) is one of the top countries in the world when it comes to the number of bariatric procedures performed each year. There is still some debate on whether to do regular or selective upper endoscopy during the preoperative examination. The purpose of this study was to explore various endoscopic findings and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients having laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) prior to surgery. Methods. We investigated a cohort of 132 patients referred to the endoscopy unit from the bariatric surgery outpatient clinic for prebariatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) as a part of preoperative LSG. Data extraction from medical records included clinical data such as body mass index (BMI), gastrointestinal symptoms (that include heartburn, regurgitation, epigastric pain, and nausea), medical comorbidities, and laboratory investigations. It included data about the endoscopic findings of EGD procedure as esophageal, gastric, and duodenal findings results as well as the results of biopsy specimens that were taken. Results. Out of 132 patients, 29 (22%) had a BMI of less than 40 kg/m2 whereas 103 (78%) had a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or above, with an average of

44.4
±
6.4

 kg/m2. The average age of participants was

33.6
±
10.4

years. HP was detected in 36 patients (35.0%) with a slightly greater prevalence in patients with a higher BMI (33.7%) than in patients with lower BMI (35.0%). Collectively, 73 patients (55.7%) had positive endoscopic findings of various grades, sites, and combinations. Incompetent cardia (35.6%) was the most often seen esophageal finding, antral gastritis (34.1%) was the most frequently encountered gastric finding, and duodenitis 1st part was the commonest duodenal endoscopic finding (7.8%). Among asymptomatic patients, incompetent cardia was detected in 33.3%, antral gastritis was found in 30.1%, and around one-quarter of them were positive on HP testing (26.6%). Additionally, 16.1% of them had signs of reflux esophagitis, 17.2% had hiatal hernia, and 14.0% had nodular gastritis. Conclusion. The current study revealed a high prevalence of positive endoscopic findings as well as HP infection upon routine endoscopic examination among patients undergoing bariatric surgery even those who were asymptomatic from any gastrointestinal symptoms.
Adaptive Evolution-Assisted Riboflavin Production of Ashbya gossypii from Cane Molasses
Authors: Zhai Wenjuan , Cheng Jiantang , Li Yuan , Li Jianbin , Li Kai , Wei Luolu
Published: July 2022

In this study, adaptive evolution was used to improve the adaptation of Ashbya gossypii ATCC 10895 to the substrate (cane molasses) to ensure enhanced substrate utilization and increased riboflavin yield. During the adaptation process, antioxidant activity and riboflavin production ability were evaluated using shake flask fermentation to evaluate the strain response to environmental conditions. After the seventh day of fermentation, results showed that compared with the yield of the parent strain, that of A. gossypii A-24 increased by 97.5%, and the dry cell weight increased by 125%. The A-24 strain was used to further study the cofermentation process of cane molasses and glucose under different ratios. When the ratio of glucose to cane molasses was 1 : 4, the yield of riboflavin was 978 ± 5.37 mg/L, which was 3.7 times that of cane molasses monofermentation.
On Extended
b
-Rectangular and Controlled Rectangular Fuzzy Metric-Like Spaces with Application
Authors: Saleem Naeem , Furqan Salman , Jarad Fahd
Published: July 2022

In this article, we introduce the notions of extended

b

-rectangular and controlled rectangular fuzzy metric-like spaces that generalize many fuzzy metric spaces in the literature. We give examples to justify our newly defined fuzzy metric-like spaces and prove that these spaces are not Hausdorff. We use fuzzy contraction and prove Banach fixed point theorems in these spaces. As an application, we utilize our main results to solve the uniqueness of the solution of a differential equation occurring in the dynamic market equilibrium.
Text Reconstruction Method of College English Textbooks from the Perspective of Language Images
Authors: Peng Xiaojuan
Published: July 2022

With the continuous development of social economy, English learning plays an increasingly important role in daily communication. However, the update speed of English textbooks is far lower than the development speed of English. How to reconstruct the text of English textbooks in colleges and universities to improve the learning effect of college English has become an urgent problem to be solved. In order to solve this problem more effectively, this paper proposes a text reconstruction method for college English textbooks from the perspective of language images. First, this paper proposes a text reconstruction network model for college English textbooks, which includes two self-network models, namely, a text feature extraction network and an image feature extraction network. Second, text designs an English text feature reconstruction network to fuse image features and text features to guide the generation of new English texts according to the generated emotions. Finally, through a large number of experiments, it is proved that the text reconstruction method of college English textbooks from the perspective of language images can effectively generate new texts of college English textbooks, enhance the emotional color of college textbooks, and improve the effect of English learning.
A Study on Some New Reverse Hilbert‐Type Inequalities and Its Generalizations on Time Scales
Authors: Zakarya M. , I.Saied Ahmed , AlNemer Ghada , M. Rezk H.
Published: July 2022

This study develops the study of reverse Hilbert‐type inequalities on time scales where we can establish some new generalizations of reverse Hilbert‐type inequalities via supermultiplicative functions on time scales by applying reverse Hölder inequalities. The main results will be proved by using Specht’s ratio, chain rule, and Jensen’s inequality. Our results (when ) are essentially new.
The Influence of the Development of the Internet of Things Industry on the Optimization of the High- and New-Tech Industry Structure under the Wireless Mobile Network
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Zhengchao , Jiang Shicao , Yang Yawen
Published: July 2022

At present, the pressure on China’s economic development is increasing day by day due to the profound changes in the internal and external environment. The global economic pattern is undergoing significant changes in terms of the external environment. Adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure will aid in achieving the goal of facilitating transformation through steady growth in the short term. Meanwhile, it will also accelerate sustainable economic development. In this study, the relevant theories of industrial structure optimization are described based on the impact of wireless mobile networks and the Internet of things (IoT) industry. Based on the gray correlation degree, the high- and new-tech industries under the development of the IoT industry are analyzed and the impact of optimization of the high- and new-tech industry structure is investigated. The results show that the development of the IoT industry has driven the development of the high- and new-tech industry. The gray correlation between the development of the IoT industry and the high- and new-tech industry obtained is 0.64, indicating a strong correlation. The average output share of the electronic computer and office equipment manufacturing industries is 47.09%. The average output ratio of the industrial structure optimization of the electronics and communication manufacturing industry is 42.55%. Moreover, the proportion of the output of medical manufacturing and medical equipment and instrument manufacturing industrial structure optimization is small, 15.63% and 10.54%, respectively. The results have significant value in the research on the impact of the development of the IoT industry on the high- and new-tech industry under the wireless mobile network and the effect of its industrial structure optimization.
Analysis Model of Image Colour Data Elements Based on Deep Neural Network
Authors: Jiang Chao , Jiang Zhen , Shi Daijiao
Published: July 2022

At present, the classification method used in image colour element analysis in China is still based on subjective visual evaluation. Because the evaluation process will inevitably be disturbed by human factors, it will not only have low efficiency but also produce large errors. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes an image colour data element analysis model based on depth neural network. Firstly, intelligent analysis of image colour data elements based on tensorflow is constructed, and the isomerized tensorflow framework is designed with the idea of Docker cluster to improve the efficiency of image element analysis. Secondly, considering the time error and spatial error diffusion model in the process of image analysis, the quantization modified error diffusion model is replaced by the original model for more accurate colour management. Image colour management is an important link in the process of image reproduction; the rotating principal component analysis method is used to correct and analyze the image colour error. Finally, using the properties of transfer learning and convolution neural network, an image colour element analysis model based on depth neural network is established. Large-scale image data is collected, and the effectiveness and reliability of the algorithm are verified from different angles. The results show that the new image colour analysis method can not only reveal the true colour components of the target image; furthermore, the real colour component of the target image also has high spectral data reconstruction accuracy, and the analysis results have strong adaptability.
Quantum Information Protection Scheme Based on Reinforcement Learning for Periodic Surface Codes
Authors: Xue Yun-Jia , Wang Hao-Wen , Tian Yan-Bing , Wang Yi-Nuo , Wang Yu-Xuan , Wang Shu-Mei
Published: July 2022

Quantum information transfer is an information processing technology with high speed and high entanglement with the help of quantum mechanics principles. To solve the problem of quantum information getting easily lost during transmission, we choose topological quantum error correction codes as the best candidate codes to improve the fidelity of quantum information. The stability of topological error correction codes brings great convenience to error correction. The quantum error correction codes represented by surface codes have produced very good effects in the error correction mechanism. In order to solve the problem of strong spatial correlation and optimal decoding of surface codes, we introduced a reinforcement learning decoder that can effectively characterize the spatial correlation of error correction codes. At the same time, we use a double-layer convolutional neural network model in the confrontation network to find a better error correction chain, and the generation network can approach the best correction model, to ensure that the discriminant network corrects more nontrivial errors. To improve the efficiency of error correction, we introduced a double-Q algorithm and ResNet network to increase the error correction success rate and training speed of the surface code. Compared with the previous MWPM 0.005 decoder threshold, the success rate has slightly improved, which can reach up to 0.0068 decoder threshold. By using the residual neural network architecture, we saved one-third of the training time and increased the training accuracy to about 96.6%. Using a better training model, we have successfully increased the decoder threshold from 0.0068 to 0.0085, and the depolarized noise model being used does not require a priori basic noise, so that the error correction efficiency of the entire model has slightly improved. Finally, the fidelity of the quantum information has successfully improved from 0.2423 to 0.7423 by using the error correction protection schemes.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Coating Al2O3+70% NiCrBSi Cermets on Ti‐31 Superalloy to Combat Hot Corrosion
Authors: Vinod Kumar M. S. , Suresh R. , Jegadeeswaran N. , Leta Feyisa Meseret
Published: July 2022

The superalloys are generally used for high‐temperature applications, and since they operate in an aggressive environment, it is required to protect them with an appropriate coating to enhance the life of the superalloy material. In the present study, the superalloy Ti‐31 is coated with cermets Al2O3+NiCrBSi by high‐velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) spray coating technique, and hot corrosion tests were performed on both coated and uncoated samples, in presence of Na2SO4+60% V2O5 molten salt at a temperature of 700°C, and the corroded samples are characterized using SEM/EDS and XRD techniques. From the thermogravimetric studies, it is observed that total weight gain per unit area for uncoated Ti‐31 is very high compared to Al2O3+NiCrBSi‐coated Ti‐31 and parabolic rate constant indicates that corrosion rate is decreased when substrate is coated. The current study’s findings clearly show that the coating deposition is effective in protecting the substrate from hot corrosion.
Music Data Feature Analysis and Extraction Algorithm Based on Music Melody Contour
Authors: Zhang Jingwen
Published: July 2022

Music is a way to reflect people’s real-life emotions, and listening to music has become an inseparable habit of the daily life. Text-based music information retrieval is still the main way for people to find music, but this method has obvious shortcomings and deficiencies, and it is a relatively cumbersome and inefficient method. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a feature extraction LAM algorithm based on the contour of music melody. Melody is the most important extraction feature in content-based music retrieval. Users can hum a song according to their own memory and then extract the rhythm, melody, and other information of the hummed audio information to match and identify the rhythm and melody features of the original song stored in the database. The retrieval method is based on the melody, rhythm, and other musical features of music and involves many issues such as the expression of musical melody, feature extraction of musical melody, user query construction, music melody matching, and music database construction. With the help of the customized query interface, media information can be retrieved. Finally, the experiment proves that the top-ten hit rate of the LAM algorithm after clustering is 91.3%, the top-three hit rate is 78.8%, and the first hit rate is 71.2%. The approximate symbol matching DP algorithm has a top-ten hit rate of 83.6%, a top-three hit rate of 66.4%, and a first hit rate of 63.6%. The method proposed in this paper has a high retrieval hit rate.
Renal Amyloidosis: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Profile in Adults from One Nephrology Center
Authors: Kaaroud Hayet , Harzallah Amel , Hajji Mariem , Chargui Soumaya , Barbouch Samia , Turki Sami , Trabelsi Raja , Goucha Rim , Ben Moussa Fatma , Ben Maiz Hedi , Ben Hamida Fethi , Abderrahim Ezzeddine
Published: July 2022

Background. Renal amyloidosis is one of the main differential diagnoses of nephrotic proteinuria in adults and the elderly. The aim of this study with the most important series in our country is to contribute to the epidemiological, clinical, and etiological study of the renal amyloidosis. Methods. In a retrospective study carried out between 1975 and 2019, 310 cases of histologically proven and typed renal amyloidosis were selected for this study. Results. There were 209 men and 101 women with a mean age of 53.8 ± 15.4 years (range, 17–84 years). Of the 310 cases, 255 (82.3%) were diagnosed with AA renal amyloidosis and 55 (17.7%) with non-AA amyloidosis. Infections were the main cause of AA amyloidosis, and tuberculosis was the most frequent etiology. The period from the onset of the underlying disease to diagnosis of the renal amyloidosis was an average of 177 months. The most frequent manifestations at the time of diagnosis were nephrotic syndrome (84%), chronic renal failure (30.3%), and end-stage renal disease (37.8%). After a medium follow-up of 16 months (range, 0–68 months), mortality occurred in 60 cases. Conclusions. Given the high frequency of AA amyloidosis in our country, awareness of the proper management of infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases remains a priority in reducing the occurrence of this serious disease.
The Association of lncRNA and mRNA Changes in Adipose Tissue with Improved Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Obese Diabetes Mellitus Rats after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Zhang Li-Hai , Wang Jiao , Tan Bai-Hong , Yin Yan-Bin , Kang Yu-Ming
Published: July 2022

Objective. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has shown good effects in improving obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study explored the changes of related lncRNAs, mRNAs, and signaling pathways in white adipose tissue of T2DM rats after RYGB based on RNA-Seq sequencing, with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for RYGB treatment. Methods. T2DM rat models were established by continuous feeding with a high-fat diet and injection of streptozotocin (STZ), after which they underwent RYGB or sham surgery. After the surgery, their body weight was measured weekly. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) were also measured. A homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated at weeks 0, 8, and 12. Besides, white adipose tissue of T2DM rats was collected for RNA-Seq sequencing and validated by qRT-PCR. A series of bioinformatics analyses, such as differential expression genes (DEGs) screening, was performed. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were conducted based on the sequencing data. Results. RYGB surgery could significantly inhibit the weight growth rate and decrease the FBG, FSI, and HOMA-IR of T2DM rats. Bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) results revealed that 87 DE- lncRNAs (49 upregulated and 38 downregulated) and 1,824 DEGs (896 upregulated and 928 downregulated) were present in between the RYGB group and Sham group. GO and KEGG analysis showed that the target genes of DEGs and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were mainly associated with amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, channel activity, and other processes. In addition, the PPI network diagram also displayed that genes such as Fasn, Grin3a, and Nog could be key genes playing a role after RYGB. qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of Grin3a in the RYGB group was significantly increased compared with the Sham group, while the expression of Fasn and Nog was significantly decreased, which was consistent with the sequencing results. Conclusion. Using RNA-Seq sequencing, this study revealed the changes of related lncRNAs, mRNAs, and signaling pathways in the white adipose tissue of T2DM rats after RYGB and identified Fasn, Grin3a, and Nog as potential key genes to function after RYGB.
Antitumor CAR T-cell Screening Platform: Many Are Called, but Few Are Chosen
Authors: Adotévi Olivier , Galaine Jeanne
Published: July 2022

Treatment with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) is a promising anticancer therapy. However, this approach has several limitations and has not yet been effectively applied to treat solid tumors. The study by Panowski and colleagues represents the first comparative analysis of multiple single chain fragment variable (scFv)-based anti-CD70 CAR T-cell clones for the development of a clinical product to treat renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Despite the risk of T-cell fratricide due to CD70 expression on T cells, CD70 CAR T cells were produced successfully thanks to the protective CD70 masking phenomenon. Two distinct classes of CAR T cells were identified with different memory phenotypes, activation statuses, and cytotoxic activity. CD70 CAR T cells presented high cytotoxic activity against RCC both in vitro in RCC cell lines and in vivo in patient-derived xenograft mouse models. The off-target effects expected on the lymphoid compartment were confirmed by tissue cross-reactivity staining and in a cynomolgus monkey preclinical model with CD3-CD70 bispecific antibody treatment. The efficacy and the toxicity profile of the lead CD70 CAR T-cell candidate instigated the researchers to proceed with upscaled clinical production. This article emphasizes the influence of the scFv of the CARs on their efficacy:toxicity balance. Ultimately, they successfully managed to develop a highly effective CAR T-cell candidate to treat a solid tumor by an allogeneic approach, thereby overcoming two major hurdles to broaden application of CAR T-cell therapy.

See related article by Panowski et al., p. 2610
Acetylated HOXB13 Regulated Super Enhancer Genes Define Therapeutic Vulnerabilities of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nguyen Duy T. , Yang Wei , Renganathan Arun , Weimholt Cody , Angappulige Duminduni H. , Nguyen Thanh , Sprung Robert W. , Andriole Gerald L. , Kim Eric H. , Mahajan Nupam P. , Mahajan Kiran
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism is exacerbated by HOXB13 in castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPC). However, it is unclear when and how HOXB13 primes CRPCs for AR antagonism. By mass-spectrometry analysis of CRPC extract, we uncovered a novel lysine 13 (K13) acetylation in HOXB13 mediated by CBP/p300. To determine whether acetylated K13-HOXB13 is a clinical biomarker of CRPC development, we characterized its role in prostate cancer biology.

Experimental Design:

We identified tumor-specific acK13-HOXB13 signal enriched super enhancer (SE)-regulated targets. We analyzed the effect of loss of HOXB13K13-acetylation on chromatin binding, SE proximal target gene expression, self-renewal, enzalutamide sensitivity, and CRPC tumor growth by employing isogenic parental and HOXB13K13A mutants. Finally, using primary human prostate organoids, we evaluated whether inhibiting an acK13-HOXB13 target, ACK1, with a selective inhibitor (R)-9b is superior to AR antagonists in inhibiting CRPC growth.

Results:

acK13-HOXB13 promotes increased expression of lineage (AR, HOXB13), prostate cancer diagnostic (FOLH1), CRPC-promoting (ACK1), and angiogenesis (VEGFA, Angiopoietins) genes early in prostate cancer development by establishing tumor-specific SEs. acK13-HOXB13 recruitment to key SE-regulated targets is insensitive to enzalutamide. ACK1 expression is significantly reduced in the loss of function HOXB13K13A mutant CRPCs. Consequently, HOXB13K13A mutants display reduced self-renewal, increased sensitivity to enzalutamide, and impaired xenograft tumor growth. Primary human prostate tumor organoids expressing HOXB13 are significantly resistant to AR antagonists but sensitive to (R)-9b.

Conclusions:

In summary, acetylated HOXB13 is a biomarker of clinically significant prostate cancer. Importantly, PSMA-targeting agents and (R)-9b could be new therapeutic modalities to target HOXB13–ACK1 axis regulated prostate cancers.