bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender, Partisanship, and Candidate-Selection Mechanisms
Authors: Hennings Valerie M. , Urbatsch R.
Published: September 2015

How candidates are selected, such as through nomination by party elites or election by primary voters, potentially influences the underrepresentation of women in political office. Partisan differences suggest that primary voters in right-leaning parties might select fewer female nominees than would their left-leaning counterparts even if both parties' elites are equally likely to select female nominees. This hypothesis is confirmed by an analysis of lieutenant governors in the United States, a position that varies in whether candidates are appointed by party elites or elected by primary voters. In cases where lieutenant-governor candidates are appointed, Democratic and Republican gubernatorial nominees are equally likely to choose female running mates; where primary voters select the lieutenant governor, Republicans are less likely to nominate women.
Postural Stability of Elderly People With Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Szczepańska-Gieracha Joanna , Cieślik Błażej , Chamela-Bilińska Dagmara , Kuczyński Michał
Published: September 2015

Introduction:

Falls are one of the major problems among the elderly population. It has been established that people with dementia fall down more often. It is believed that this is a consequence of risky decision making by people with dementia resulting from cognitive deterioration. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between cognitive status and postural stability while standing.

Methods:

A total of 47 people, aged 71.6 years on average (±7.2), were divided based on results of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) into a dementia group (MMSE ≤ 23) and a control group (MMSE > 23). Postural stability was tested using a force plate (with eyes open, with eyes closed, and with visual biofeedback). The parameters of movement of the center of pressure were analyzed.

Results:

Both in test with eyes open and eyes closed, significant difference was shown between the dementia group and the control groups. In visual feedback test, the dementia group showed 32% poorer performance than the controls.

Conclusion:

The falls experienced in dementia group may be caused by a disturbed balance control process of the central nervous system.
Quality Improvement in Skilled Nursing Facilities for Residents With Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Farlow Martin R. , Borson Soo , Connor Stephen R. , Grossberg George T. , Mittelman Mary S.
Published: September 2015

Background/Rationale:

This report describes a quality improvement continuing medical education activity designed to enhance the recognition and treatment of residents with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or other dementias in skilled-nursing facilities (SNFs).

Methods:

Charts were compared in 6 areas prior to and following (stages A and C) a live, faculty-led workshop (stage B). Four SNFs completed stages A (n = 67 residents) and B, and 3 SNFs completed stage C (n = 52 residents). All charts came from residents with AD or a diagnosis of dementia or dementia-like symptoms.

Results/Conclusion:

The SNFs had >95% baseline performance in both the frequency of cognitive assessments and documented medication reviews. The percentage of residents who received a quality-of-life assessment and those who had a mental health care plan in place represent areas for improvement. As part of this activity, a toolkit was developed to help guide facilities and clinicians in instituting care improvements for residents with AD/dementia.
Dads Get Sad Too: Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors in Expectant First-Time Fathers
Authors: Da Costa Deborah , Zelkowitz Phyllis , Dasgupta Kaberi , Sewitch Maida , Lowensteyn Ilka , Cruz Rani , Hennegan Kelly , Khalifé Samir
Published: September 2015

This cross-sectional study aims to determine the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms in first-time expectant fathers during their partner’s third trimester of pregnancy. As part of a prospective study examining depressive symptoms in men over the first postnatal year, 622 men (mean age = 34.3 years, ±5.0 years) completed standardized online self-report questionnaires measuring depressed mood, physical activity, sleep quality, social support, marital adjustment, life events, financial stress, and demographics during their partner’s third trimester of pregnancy. The Edinburgh Depression Scale was used to assess depressed mood. Partners also completed the Edinburgh Depression Scale in the third trimester. The results revealed that 13.3% of expectant fathers exhibited elevated levels of depressive symptoms during their partner’s third trimester of pregnancy. Significant independent factors associated with antenatal depressive symptoms in men were poorer sleep quality, family history of psychological difficulties, lower perceived social support, poorer marital satisfaction, more stressful life events in the preceding 6 months, greater number of financial stressors, and elevated maternal antenatal depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of including fathers in the screening and early prevention efforts targeting depression during the transition to parenthood, which to date have largely focused only on women. Strategies to promote better sleep, manage stress, and mobilize social support may be important areas to address in interventions tailored to new fathers at risk for depression during the transition to parenthood.
Modeling and calculation of variable moment of inertia for spiral power spring
Authors: Yu Yang , Mi Zengqiang , Guo Xudong
Published: September 2015

For a caged spiral power spring, its moment of inertia varies with the time in energy storage and is closely related to the states of spring strip. Due to continuous changing of the shape in energy storage, calculation of variable moment of inertia for spiral power spring is a highly challenging but important issue. A general analytical model and calculation method of variable moment of inertia for spiral power spring are proposed in this article. First, the contraction process of spiral power spring in energy storage is clearly revealed and analytical model of spiral power spring on the basis of contraction process is presented. In terms of the contraction characteristic, a general calculation method based on divisions of stage and state for variable moment of inertia is put forward. Finally, a spiral power spring is designed, and a prototype of the spring is developed. The proposed model and general calculation method are applied into the prototype to calculate its variable moment of inertia, and they are evaluated by a developed experimental scheme.
Insulin Pumps and Remote Software Updates
Authors: Schaeffer Noel E. , Parks Linda J. , Verhoef Erik T. , Morgan Corey A. , Stal Mikhail
Published: September 2015

This article discusses the future direction of insulin pump technology and its relationship to the software update process. A user needs analysis revealed that respondents wanted an insulin pump software update process to function much in the same way as smartphone updates. Users of insulin pumps have the same expectations as with other ubiquitous technology such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops. The development of a software update system within a regulated environment that meets the needs of insulin pump users by allowing optional software updates that provide access to pump improvements, feature additions, or access to algorithms that provide therapy-changing technologies is a new way forward for the management of a complicated disease that affects more than 450,000 people using insulin pumps in the United States.
High quality draft genomic sequence of Flavihumibacter solisilvae 3-3T
Authors: Zhou Gang , Chen Chong , Jeon Che Ok , Wang Gejiao , Li Mingshun
Published: September 2015

Flavihumibacter solisilvae 3-3T (= KACC 17917T = JCM 19891T) represents a type strain of the genus Flavihumibacter within the family Chitinophagaceae. This strain can use various sole carbon sources, making it applicable in industry and bioremediation. In this study, the draft genomic information of F. solisilvae 3-3T is described. F. solisilvae 3-3T owns a genome size of 5.41 Mbp, 47 % GC content and a total of 4,698 genes, including 4,215 protein coding genes, 439 pseudo genes and 44 RNA encoding genes. Analysis of its genome reveals high correlation between the genotypes and the phenotypes.
Metagenomic analysis of planktonic microbial consortia from a non-tidal urban-impacted segment of James River
Authors: Brown Bonnie L. , LePrell Rebecca V. , Franklin Rima B. , Rivera Maria C. , Cabral Francine M. , Eaves Hugh L. , Gardiakos Vicki , Keegan Kevin P. , King Timothy L.
Published: September 2015

Knowledge of the diversity and ecological function of the microbial consortia of James River in Virginia, USA, is essential to developing a more complete understanding of the ecology of this model river system. Metagenomic analysis of James River's planktonic microbial community was performed for the first time using an unamplified genomic library and a 16S rDNA amplicon library prepared and sequenced by Ion PGM and MiSeq, respectively. From the 0.46-Gb WGS library (GenBank:SRR1146621; MG-RAST:4532156.3), 4 × 106 reads revealed >3 × 106 genes, 240 families of prokaryotes, and 155 families of eukaryotes. From the 0.68-Gb 16S library (GenBank:SRR2124995; MG-RAST:4631271.3; EMB:2184), 4 × 106 reads revealed 259 families of eubacteria. Results of the WGS and 16S analyses were highly consistent and indicated that more than half of the bacterial sequences were Proteobacteria, predominantly Comamonadaceae. The most numerous genera in this group were Acidovorax (including iron oxidizers, nitrotolulene degraders, and plant pathogens), which accounted for 10 % of assigned bacterial reads. Polaromonas were another 6 % of all bacterial reads, with many assignments to groups capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Albidiferax (iron reducers) and Variovorax (biodegraders of a variety of natural biogenic compounds as well as anthropogenic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endocrine disruptors) each accounted for an additional 3 % of bacterial reads. Comparison of these data to other publically-available aquatic metagenomes revealed that this stretch of James River is highly similar to the upper Mississippi River, and that these river systems are more similar to aquaculture and sludge ecosystems than they are to lakes or to a pristine section of the upper Amazon River. Taken together, these analyses exposed previously unknown aspects of microbial biodiversity, documented the ecological responses of microbes to urban effects, and revealed the noteworthy presence of 22 human-pathogenic bacterial genera (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae, pathogenic Pseudomonadaceae, and ‘Vibrionales') and 6 pathogenic eukaryotic genera (e.g., Trypanosomatidae and Vahlkampfiidae). This information about pathogen diversity may be used to promote human epidemiological studies, enhance existing water quality monitoring efforts, and increase awareness of the possible health risks associated with recreational use of James River.
Mechanical and energetic consequences of reduced ankle plantarflexion in human walking
Authors: Huang Tzu-wei P. , Shorter Kenneth A. , Adamczyk Peter G. , Kuo Arthur D.
Published: September 2015

The human ankle produces a large burst of “push-off” mechanical power late in the stance phase of walking, reduction of which leads to considerably poorer energy economy. It is, however, uncertain whether the energetic penalty results from poorer efficiency when the other leg joints substitute for the ankle's push-off work, or from a higher overall demand for work due to some fundamental feature of push-off. Here we show that greater metabolic energy expenditure is indeed explained by a greater demand for work. This is predicted by a simple model of walking on pendulum-like legs, because proper push-off reduces collision losses from the leading leg. We tested this by experimentally restricting ankle push-off bilaterally in healthy adults (N=8) walking on a treadmill at 1.4 m⋅s−1, using ankle-foot orthoses with steel cables limiting motion. These produced up to about 50% reduction in ankle push-off power and work, resulting in up to about 50% greater net metabolic power expenditure to walk at the same speed. For each 1 J reduction in ankle work, we observed about 0.6 J more dissipative collision work by the other leg, 1.3 J more positive work from the leg joints overall, and 3.94 J more metabolic energy expended. Loss of ankle push-off required more positive work elsewhere to maintain walking speed. That additional work was performed by the knee, apparently at reasonably high efficiency. Ankle push-off may contribute to walking economy by reducing dissipative collision losses and thus overall work demand.
Camouflage during movement in the European cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)
Authors: Josef Noam , Berenshtein Igal , Fiorito Graziano , Sykes António V. , Shashar Nadav
Published: September 2015

A moving object is considered conspicuous because of the movement itself. Once moving from one background to another, even dynamic camouflage experts such as cephalopods, should sacrifice their extraordinary camouflage. Therefore, minimizing detection at this stage is crucial and highly beneficial. In this study we describe a background-matching mechanism during movement, which aids the cuttlefish to downplay its presence throughout movement. In situ behavioural experiments using video and image analysis, revealed a delayed, sigmoidal, colour-changing mechanism during movement of Sepia officinalis across a uniform black and grey backgrounds, which we describe below. This is a fist and important step in understanding dynamic camouflage during movement, while the new behavioural mechanism may be incorporated and applied to any dynamic camouflaging animal or man-made system on the move.
Aeroelastic flutter of feathers, flight, and the evolution of nonvocal communication in birds
Authors: Clark Christopher J. , Prum Richard O.
Published: September 2015

Tonal, nonvocal sounds are widespread in both ordinary bird flight and in communication displays. We hypothesized these sounds are attributable to an aerodynamic mechanism intrinsic to flight feathers: aeroelastic flutter. Individual wing and tail feathers from 35 taxa (from 13 families) that produce tonal flight sounds were tested in a wind tunnel. In the wind tunnel all of these feathers could flutter and generate tonal sound, suggesting that the capacity to flutter is intrinsic to flight feathers. This result implies that the aerodynamic mechanism of aeroelastic flutter is potentially widespread in flight of birds. However, the sounds these feathers produced in the wind tunnel replicated the actual flight sounds of only 15 of 35 taxa. Of the 20 negative results, we hypothesize that 10 are false negatives, as the acoustic form of the flight sound suggests flutter is a likely acoustic mechanism. For 10 other taxa, we propose our negative wind tunnel results are correct, and these species do not make sounds via flutter. These sounds appear to constitute one or more mechanism(s) we call "wing whirring", the physical acoustics of which remain unknown. Our results document that the production of nonvocal communication sounds by aeroelastic flutter of flight feathers is widespread in birds. Across all birds, most evolutionary origins of wing and tail-generated communication sounds are attributable to three mechanisms: flutter, percussion, and wing whirring. Other mechanisms of sound production, such as turbulence-induced whooshes, have evolved into communication sounds only rarely, despite their intrinsic ubiquity in ordinary flight.
Local capillary supply in muscle is not determined by local oxidative capacity
Authors: Bosutti Alessandra , Egginton Stuart , Barnouin Yoann , Ganse Bergita , Rittweger Jörn , Degens Hans
Published: September 2015

It is thought that the prime determinant of global muscle capillary density is the mean oxidative capacity. However, feedback control during maturational growth or adaptive remodelling of local muscle capillarisation is likely more complex than simply matching O2 supply and demand in response to integrated tissue function. We tested the hypothesis that the maximal oxygen consumption (MO2max) supported by a capillary is relatively constant, and independent of the volume of tissue supplied (capillary domain). We demonstrate that local MO2max assessed by succinate dehydrogenase histochemistry 1) varied more than 100-fold between individual capillaries and 2) was positively correlated to capillary domain area in both human vastus lateralis (R=0.750, P<0.001) and soleus (R=0.697, P<0.001) muscles. This suggests that, in contrast to common assumptions, capillarisation is not primarily dictated by local oxidative capacity, but rather by factors such as fibre size, or consequences of differences in fibre size such as substrate delivery/metabolite removal.
Evaluating cardiac physiology through echocardiography in bottlenose dolphins: using stroke volume and cardiac output to estimate systolic left ventricular function during rest and following exercise
Authors: Miedler S. , Fahlman A. , Valls Torres M. , Alvaro Alvarez T. , Garcia-Parraga D.
Published: September 2015

Heart-rate (fH) changes during diving and exercise are well documented for marine mammals, but changes in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) are much less known. We hypothesized that both SV and CO are also modified following intense exercise. Using transthoracic ultrasound Doppler at the level of the aortic valve, we compared blood flow velocities in the left ventricle and cardiac frequencies during rest and at 1, 3 and 4 min after a bout of exercise in 13 adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, six male and seven female, body mass range: 143-212 kg). Aortic cross sectional area and ventricle blood velocity at the aortic valve were used to calculate SV, which together with fH, provided estimates of left CO at rest and following exercise. The fH and SV stabilized approximately 4-7 sec following the post-respiratory tachycardia, so only data after the fH had stabilized were used for analysis and comparison. There were significant increases in fH, SV, and CO associated with each breath. At rest, fH, SV, and CO were uncorrelated with body mass, and averaged 41±8 beats min−1, 136±19 ml, and 5513±1182 l min−1, respectively. One minute following high intensity exercise, the cardiac variables had increased by 104±43%, 63±11%, and 234±84%, respectively. All variables remained significantly elevated in all animals for at least 4 min after the exercise. These baseline values provide the first data on stroke volume and cardiac output in awake and unrestrained cetaceans in water.
Biochemical analysis of pistol self-cleaving ribozymes
Authors: Harris Kimberly A. , Lünse Christina E. , Li Sanshu , Brewer Kenneth I. , Breaker Ronald R.
Published: September 2015

Pistol RNAs are members of a distinct class of self-cleaving ribozymes that was recently discovered by using a bioinformatics search strategy. Several hundred pistol ribozymes share a consensus sequence including 10 highly conserved nucleotides and many other modestly conserved nucleotides associated with specific secondary structure features, including three base-paired stems and a pseudoknot. A representative pistol ribozyme from the bacterium Lysinibacillus sphaericus was found to promote RNA strand scission with a rate constant of ∼10 min−1 under physiological Mg2+ and pH conditions. The reaction proceeds via the nucleophilic attack of a 2′-oxygen atom on the adjacent phosphorus center, and thus adheres to the same general catalytic mechanism of internal phosphoester transfer as found with all other classes of natural self-cleaving ribozymes discovered to date. Analyses of the kinetic characteristics and the metal ion requirements of the cleavage reaction reveal that members of this ribozyme class likely use several catalytic strategies to promote the rapid cleavage of RNA.
Coevolution of RtcB and Archease created a multiple-turnover RNA ligase
Authors: Desai Kevin K. , Beltrame Amanda L. , Raines Ronald T.
Published: September 2015

RtcB is a noncanonical RNA ligase that joins either 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate or 3′-phosphate termini to 5′-hydroxyl termini. The genes encoding RtcB and Archease constitute a tRNA splicing operon in many organisms. Archease is a cofactor of RtcB that accelerates RNA ligation and alters the NTP specificity of the ligase from Pyrococcus horikoshii. Yet, not all organisms that encode RtcB also encode Archease. Here we sought to understand the differences between Archease-dependent and Archease-independent RtcBs so as to illuminate the evolution of Archease and its function. We report on the Archease-dependent RtcB from Thermus thermophilus and the Archease-independent RtcB from Thermobifida fusca. We find that RtcB from T. thermophilus can catalyze multiple turnovers only in the presence of Archease. Remarkably, Archease from P. horikoshii can activate T. thermophilus RtcB, despite low sequence identity between the Archeases from these two organisms. In contrast, RtcB from T. fusca is a single-turnover enzyme that is unable to be converted into a multiple-turnover ligase by Archease from either P. horikoshii or T. thermophilus. Thus, our data indicate that Archease likely evolved to support multiple-turnover activity of RtcB and that coevolution of the two proteins is necessary for a functional interaction.
Stable tri-snRNP integration is accompanied by a major structural rearrangement of the spliceosome that is dependent on Prp8 interaction with the 5′ splice site
Authors: Boesler Carsten , Rigo Norbert , Agafonov Dmitry E. , Kastner Berthold , Urlaub Henning , Will Cindy L. , Lührmann Reinhard
Published: September 2015

Exon definition is the predominant initial spliceosome assembly pathway in higher eukaryotes, but it remains much less well-characterized compared to the intron-defined assembly pathway. Addition in trans of an excess of 5′ss containing RNA to a splicing reaction converts a 37S exon-defined complex, formed on a single exon RNA substrate, into a 45S B-like spliceosomal complex with stably integrated U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP. This 45S complex is compositonally and structurally highly similar to an intron-defined spliceosomal B complex. Stable tri-snRNP integration during B-like complex formation is accompanied by a major structural change as visualized by electron microscopy. The changes in structure and stability during transition from a 37S to 45S complex can be induced in affinity-purified cross-exon complexes by adding solely the 5′ss RNA oligonucleotide. This conformational change does not require the B-specific proteins, which are recruited during this stabilization process, or site-specific phosphorylation of hPrp31. Instead it is triggered by the interaction of U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP components with the 5′ss sequence, most importantly between Prp8 and nucleotides at the exon–intron junction. These studies provide novel insights into the conversion of a cross-exon to cross-intron organized spliceosome and also shed light on the requirements for stable tri-snRNP integration during B complex formation.
Beyond intentional trust: supplier opportunism and management control mechanisms in public sector procurement and contracting
Authors: Lonsdale Chris , Sanderson Joe , Watson Glyn , Peng Fei
Published: September 2015

We test an argument, drawn from transaction cost economics, that an assumption of intentional trust should be replaced with one of supplier opportunism in public sector procurement and contract management. We use structural equation modelling to evaluate quantitative evidence from 180 public and private sector buyers on the perceived effectiveness of various management control mechanisms aimed at restraining supplier opportunism. Our findings suggest that supplier opportunism is potentially a problem and that certain procurement and contract management mechanisms can assist buying organisations in moderating that opportunism. This supports arguments in favour of a ‘cautious approach’ to procurement and contract management.
Glycyrrhizic Acid Prevents Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Mortality in Rats
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Zhao Min , Wang Yu , Li Fengchun , Zhang Zhigang
Published: September 2015

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), an active ingredient in licorice, has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the effects of GA on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) have not been determined. Tthe aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the effects of GA against sepsis-induced ALI in rats. We found that GA alleviated sepsis-induced ALI through improvements in various pathological changes, as well as decreases in the lung wet/dry weight ratio and total protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and a significant increase in the survival rate of treated rats. Additionally, GA markedly inhibited sepsis-induced pulmonary inflammatory responses. Moreover, we found that treatment with GA inhibited oxidative stress damage and apoptosis in lung tissue induced by ALI. Finally, GA treatment significantly inhibited NF-κ B, JNK and P38 MAPK activation. Our data indicate that GA has a protective effect against sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting the inflammatory response, damage from oxidative stress, and apoptosis via inactivation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, providing a molecular basis for a new medical treatment for sepsis-induced ALI.
Correlation of Versican Expression, Accumulation, and Degradation during Embryonic Development by Quantitative Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Snyder Jessica M. , Washington Ida M. , Birkland Timothy , Chang Mary Y. , Frevert Charles W.
Published: September 2015

Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is important in embryonic development, and disruption of the versican gene is embryonically lethal in the mouse. Although several studies show that versican is increased in various organs during development, a focused quantitative study on versican expression and distribution during lung and central nervous system development in the mouse has not previously been performed. We tracked changes in versican ( Vcan) gene expression and in the accumulation and degradation of versican. Vcan expression and quantitative immunohistochemistry performed from embryonic day (E) 11.5 to E15.5 showed peak Vcan expression at E13.5 in the lungs and brain. Quantitative mRNA analysis and versican immunohistochemistry showed differences in the expression of the versican isoforms in the embryonic lung and head. The expression of Vcan mRNA and accumulation of versican in tissues was complementary. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-localization of versican accumulation and degradation, suggesting distinct roles of versican deposition and degradation in embryogenesis. Very little versican mRNA or protein was found in the lungs of 12- to 16-week-old mice but versican accumulation was significantly increased in mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. These data suggest that versican plays an important role in fundamental, overlapping cellular processes in lung development and infection.
‘Working for the few’: Fashion, class and our imagined future in The Hunger Games
Authors: Sullivan Anthony
Published: September 2015

This article contends that the first two screen adaptations of Suzanne Collins’ trilogy The Hunger Games creates a space for critical reflection on the currently intensifying levels of global inequality under late capitalism through its creative imagining of the future relationship between fashion and class. It argues that both the first film of the trilogy The Hunger Games, directed by Ross (2012), and the second The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, directed by Lawrence (2013), in their representation of a figurative dystopian state ‘Panem’ estrange our day to day experience of fashion by juxtaposing it with dress, restricting fashion as a social practice to the elite social class in Panem’s capital city ‘Capitol’. In encouraging the development of this Suvinian ‘cognitive effect’, this article argues that the films ask us to reappraise the basis of fashion in our own world as a fetishistic regime of consumption and also to look again at the class dynamics of society and the role of fashion and celebrity within these. In doing this, however, importantly, both films resist any simplistic condemnation of fashion and celebrity, instead pointing to how these spectacular cultural dominants might be used to ferment resistance to injustice in order to mount a challenge to the seemingly unassailable power structures that perpetuate it.
Classy looks and classificatory gazes: The fashioning of class in reality television
Authors: Pickering Jo
Published: September 2015

Reality television has spawned a proliferation of programmes that feature ‘ordinary’ people. Often this notion of ordinary not only means non-celebrity but is also a synonym for working-class. Class, however, is typically unacknowledged and unspoken in the narratives that unfold in the genre, while the programmes themselves construct class and perceptions of difference, largely through fashion and appearance. Although there is an increased representation of working-class subjects in the reality genre, this visibility is not matched by an access to control of media platforms. Therefore, it is argued, what is often found in the representations generated by these programmes is a kind of class tourism that involves Othering. A substantial branch of reality TV that deals in narratives of transformation and foregrounds fashion and the body as signifiers of classed taste is introduced, and it is posited that cultural hegemony might be identified in the framing of middle-class taste as good taste in this subgenre, not only for those surveyed on-screen but also for the audience watching at home. Snog Marry Avoid? is analysed in relation to the performance of classed femininity it offers within this context.
Working-class masculinity and fashion: David Beckham, Del Boy and the representation of taste
Authors: Betts Liza
Published: September 2015

This article uses a comedy sketch Only Fools and Horses: Beckham in Peckham (2014) as a point of departure to discuss ideas around the designation, embodiment and treatment of contemporary working-class masculinity. It uses this sketch to explore the relationship between working-class masculinity and fashion in the age of the metrosexual. The article considers the importance of the body to this relationship – the ways in which the middle-class eye of the mainstream media manages and maintains this classification via judgements of value and taste. Within the United Kingdom the class structure is susceptible to shifting patterns of classification, but with regard to masculinity and fashion, this article argues, media representations continue to be reductive and work to actively reinforce established stereotypes.
Woody Allen, ‘Style Guru’? Costuming the middle classes, anti-fashion as aspirational fashion in Vicky Cristina Barcelona and Midnight in Paris
Authors: Lloyd Sarah , Stacey Sarah
Published: September 2015

This article examines costume and class in the films of Woody Allen, with a focus on anti-fashion as aspirational middle-class costume, using two recent and notable examples from Allen’s European-tour oeuvre. We consider the tension between the bland, yet curiously compelling costuming of the middle classes in Allen’s Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008) and Midnight in Paris (2011) and explore how the mundane costumes of the bourgeoisie in these films are upheld in the press and by audiences as fashionable and desirable. We place our analysis in relation to the work of Gaines, Bruzzi and Warner to highlight the audience appeal of the costume that, whilst unspectacular, represents an aspirational dress code that is unrelated to specific trends or designers. Our argument is twofold: first, that anti-fashion in film is a trope of the middle class, which is limited in range and personality and is positioned in the narrow margin between bourgeois aspirational dress codes and expressive bohemianism. Second, we contend that the costume is both anti-fashion and, paradoxically, fashionable and desirable through association with Allen’s rarefied world of urban intellectualism. This article addresses a need to explore the lack of analysis in costume studies on middle-class costume in cinema.
Precision of the models of Altman, Springate, Zmijewski, and Grover for predicting the financial distress
Authors: Husein M. Fakhri , Pambekti Galuh Tri
Published: September 2015

Financial distress models need to be developed as a model of an early warning system. Such an effort is intended to anticipate the conditions that can lead to the bankruptcy of the company. This study aims to analyze the accuracy of the model of Altman, Springate, Zmijewski, and Grover as the best predictor of financial distress. This research is a quantitative study in which the data were collected by means of a data pool. This is done by using a dummy variable. The sample consists of 132 companies which are listed on the list of Daftar Efek Syariah (DES) in 2009-2012. The analysis isdone by using an analytical tool that is a Binary Logistic Regression. It shows that the model of Altman, Zmijewski models, Springate, and Grover can be used for prediction of financial distress. However, the model of Zmijewski is the most appropriate model to be used for predicting the financial distress because it has the highest level of significance compared to the other models. Zmijewski model is used for having more emphasis on the leverage ratio as an indicator of financial distress.
Age-specific population centiles for androgen status in men
Authors: Handelsman D J , Yeap B B , Flicker L , Martin S , Wittert G A , Ly Lam P
Published: September 2015

Aim

The age-specific population profiles in men of circulating testosterone and its two bioactive metabolites dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) across the adult lifespan and its determinants are not well described.

Objective

Our objective was to deduce smoothed age-specific centiles of circulating testosterone, DHT, and E2in men using pooled data from population-based studies in three Australian cities from liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry steroid measurements in a single laboratory.

Design, setting, and participants

We pooled data of 10 904 serum samples (serum testosterone, DHT, E2, age, height, and weight) from observational population-based studies in three major cities across Australia.

Main outcome measures

Age-specific smoothed centiles for serum testosterone, DHT, and E2in men aged 35–100 years were deduced by large sample data analysis methods.

Results

We found that serum testosterone, DHT, and E2decline gradually from ages 35 onwards with a more marked decline after 80 years of age. Higher weight, BMI, and body surface area as well as shorter stature are associated with reduced serum testosterone, DHT, and E2.

Conclusions

Among Australian men, there is a gradual progressive population-wide decline in androgen status during male aging until the age of 80 years after which there is a more marked decline. Obesity and short stature are associated with reduced androgen status. Research into the age-related decline in androgen status should focus on the progressive accumulation of age-related comorbidities to better inform optimal clinical trial design.
GLP1 protects cardiomyocytes from palmitate-induced apoptosis via Akt/GSK3b/b-catenin pathway
Authors: Ying Ying , Zhu Huazhang , Liang Zhen , Ma Xiaosong , Li Shiwei
Published: September 2015

Activation of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by saturated palmitic acids contributes to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Beta-catenin (b-catenin) is a transcriptional regulator of several genes involved in survival/anti-apoptosis. However, its role in palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains unclear. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) has been shown to exhibit potential cardioprotective properties. This study was designed to evaluate the role of b-catenin signalling in palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects of GLP1 on palmitate-stressed cardiomyocytes. Exposure of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to palmitate increased the fatty acid transporter CD36-mediated intracellular lipid accumulation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, decreased accumulation and nuclear translocation of active b-catenin, and reduced expression of b-catenin target protein survivin and BCL2. These detrimental effects of palmitate were significantly attenuated by GLP1 co-treatment. However, the anti-apoptotic effects of GLP1 were markedly abolished when b-catenin was silenced with a specific short hairpin RNA. Furthermore, analysis of the upstream molecules and mechanisms responsible for GLP1-associated cardiac protection revealed that GLP1 restored the decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase-3b (GSK3b) in palmitate-stimulated cardiomyocytes. In contrast, inhibition of Akt with an Akt-specific inhibitor MK2206 or blockade of GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) with a competitive antagonist exendin-(9–39) significantly abrogated the GLP1-mediated activation of GSK3b/b-catenin signalling, leading to increased apoptosis in palmitate-stressed cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our results demonstrated for the first time that the attenuated b-catenin signalling may contribute to palmitate-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, while GLP1 can protect cardiomyocytes from palmitate-induced apoptosis through activation of GLP1R/Akt/GSK3b-mediated b-catenin signalling.
Colitis ulcerosa minimálisan invazív sebészi kezelése – hosszú távú eredmények
Authors: Tajti jr. János , Simonka Zsolt , Paszt Attila , Ábrahám Szabolcs , Farkas Klaudia , Szepes Zoltán , Molnár Tamás , Nagy Ferenc , Lázár György
Published: September 2015

Introduction: For the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis, laparoscopy is used more widely, but less data are available on long-term results in Hungary. Aim: The aim of the authors was to compare the mean 47.8-month follow-up results of patients treated with conventional and minimally invasive surgical methods. Method: Between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014, 56 patients were treated with surgery (20 emergencies, and 36 elective cases). Laparoscopy was used in 33 and conventional method in 23 cases. Results: There was no difference between the two groups in hospital and intensive care unit stay, bowel function recovery, need for transfusion, and complications during the perioperative period. Regarding long-term complications, the occurrence of intestinal obstruction, septic condition and other complications were significantly fewer in the laparoscopy group. The quality of life improved in both groups after the surgery. Conclusions: Laparoscopy can be used safely; it provides good quality of life and better cosmetic results, and the long-term rate of complications is lower as compared to open surgery. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(39), 1585–1592.
ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS DOS CUIDADOS PRIMÁRIOS DE SAÚDE
Authors: Adami Nilce Piva
Published: September 2015

A autora apresenta, em linhas gerais, a fundamentação teórica dos cuidados primários de saúde. Destaca alguns encontros internacionais e nacionais que recomendam a extensão das ações de saúde à população. Delineia, também, a nova proposta de reordenação e expansão do sistema de serviços de saúde. Por último, cita algumas estratégias operativas, visando à extensão da cobertura à população.
ASSISTÊNCIA PRIMÁRIA DE SAÚDE
Authors: Matos Grace Anne , Cunha Neiva Francenely da
Published: September 2015

A Assistência Primária em Saúde é conceituada de formas que incluem diferentes facetas que se somam na conceituação obtida quando da Conferência de Alma-Ata. Uma retrospectiva histórica mostra que há exemplos de atitudes de promoção de saúde, desde a antigüidade até as conferências de nações, para discussão sobre Assistência Primária no mundo moderno. A Conferência de Alma-Ata trouxe conclusões que fundamentam propostas e análise die exemplos de trabalhos em Assistência Primária, bem como a redefinição de papéis de profissionais de saúde, inclusive do enfermeiro.
ERVAS, UMA TERAPÊUTICA NO CAMPO DA ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Cunha Neiva Francenely da , Sabóia Sílvia Maria Nóbrega
Published: September 2015

Aplicaram-se questionários a uma amostra de 60 mães da população rural de professoras de ensino do 1.º Grau, séries iniciais da Secretaria de Educação do Município de Aquiraz - Ceará.Relacionaram-se as plantas utilizadas nas práticas do cuidado à saúde, com pesquisas científicas, com o fim de estabelecer propriedades/indicações terapêuticas, nas referidas plantas.Propõe-se que o presente trabalho contribua para enriquecer a prática de Enfermagem, na orientação e divulgação dos cuidados caseiros, comprovadamente eficazes.
TRABALHO DE EQUIPE EM SAÚDE COMUNITÁRIA - OPERACIONALIZACÃO DA ENFERMAGEM E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES
Authors: Domingues Edith Figueiredo
Published: September 2015

Neste relato, o autor tenta analisar a dinamização sistemática do TRABALHO DE EQUIPE EM SAÚDE COMUNITÁRIA, realçando os fatores que dificultam ou que facilitam as atividades simultâneas do grupo.A seguir, crítica a dicotomia entre a teoria e a prática observada no procedimento das ações, gerando tarefas estanques e reduzindo a potencialidade das atuações coletivas, para atingirem a multicausalidade dos problemas de saúde do indivíduo como um todo.É também focalizada a posição da enfermagem para executar o seu processo de trabalho, através dos recursos disponíveis que otimizam a realização de um programa assistencial de maneira efetiva e condizente com as exigências do desenvolvimento técnico-científico atual, atendendo à demanda das necessidades reais do país.
ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA EM SAÚDE
Authors: Sabóia Sílvia Maria Nóbrega
Published: September 2015

Neste trabalho, é analisado um conceito de saúde dentro de um enfoque ecológico, o qual se encontra intimamente relacionado com a história natural da doença.Nesta análise, são abordados os diferentes níveis de barreiras que se opõem ao desenvolvimento do processo natural da doença, descrevendo em síntese as propostas das ações de saúde para o indivíduo e o ecossistema, preconizadas pelo Sistema Nacional de Saúde.Considera-se a grande importância dada a Atenção Primária de Saúde, desde que esta viabiliza a retenção de uma demanda aos níveis secundários e terciários.Examinam-se também as estratégias para desenvolver programas de Atenção Primária de Saúde, de modo globalizado com os outros setores de desenvolvimento.Concluindo, caracteriza o perfil do profissional de enfermagem na Atenção Primária de Saúde, como um elemento indispensável para a viabilização desta nova modalidade de assistência de saúde à família e/ou comunidade.
As armadilhas do tripé da política macroeconômica brasileira
Authors: NASSIF ANDRÉ
Published: September 2015

RESUMOEste artigo analisa o chamado tripé da política macroeconômica brasileira, que desde 1999 tem combinado um regime de metas de inflação, um regime de taxa de câmbio flutuante e metas de superávit fiscal primário. A menos que o seu modus operandi seja alterado, o tripé não será capaz de libertar a economia brasileira de outra "possível trindade": altas taxas de juros reais, a apreciação da taxa de câmbio real e crescimento econômico muito baixo. Depois de analisar brevemente a base teórica sob o tripé macroeconômico, o artigo mostra por que este regime de política macroeconômica, se avaliado numa perspectiva de longo ou médio prazo, não tem sido capaz de garantir a estabilidade dos preços nem o crescimento econômico. Além da sugestão de romper com a estratégia brasileira de crescer com poupança externa, o documento também sugere três principais formas de mudar o modus operandi do tripé brasileiro: i) aumentar o horizonte de tempo para atingir a meta de inflação, como tem sido o experiência da maioria dos países que adotam esse regime de política monetária; ii) restaurar o papel anticíclico da política fiscal brasileira; e iii) adotar uma combinação de mecanismos que visem prevenir que a moeda brasileira entre em uma nova tendência cíclica da apreciação em termos reais.
A formação distorcida de preços administrados na experiência brasileira recente
Authors: BARRIONUEVO ARTHUR
Published: September 2015

RESUMOEste artigo discute a necessidade de ajuste do preço microeconômico no Brasil no final do primeiro governo Dilma Rousseff (2011-14). O controle de preço é feito por diferentes meios, pelos três níveis de governo, federal, estadual e municipal. Ele inclui serviços regulados por agências nos setores de infraestrutura, como energia elétrica, telefonia fixa e estradas pedagiadas, o controle direto dos preços de empresas estatais, como produtos de petróleo, ou através de legislação específica, como nos serviços de saúde. No entanto, os diferentes níveis de governo, eventualmente, distorcem os preços através de medidas arbitrárias, por objetivos políticos de curto prazo, desconsiderando as instituições destinadas a defini-los. A ênfase do trabalho é avaliar a evolução destes preços durante o último mandato presidencial e a dificuldade de manter os reais preços administrados em tal contexto.
The geographic dynamics of industry employment in Brazilian metropolitan areas: lessons for São Paulo
Authors: BIDERMAN CIRO , LOPES MARCOS
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe discuss historic trends in large metropolitan areas in Brazil showing that manufacturing has decreased its share in the country but the movement was, in general, more intense in large metropolitan areas and particularly in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). This movement was more intense in the 1980s and in the first half of the 1990s. From mid 1990s up to the end of the 2000s, the manufacturing share trend became flat. We speculate that the first period reflects the exhaustion of the process of import substitution that took place in the previous three decades (1950 to 1980). The second period, from 1993 to 2009, is representative of a new model of growth and the evidence that manufacturing share became flat is reinforcing the idea of a new period in terms of manufacturing employment. While concentration has risen from 1996 to 2005, it decreased again in the second half of the first decade of the 2000s. The SPMA reinvented itself very quickly from late 1970s to mid-2000s.
Rethinking "energy nationalism": a study of the relationship between nation states and companies in the oil industry
Authors: PEIGO NOELE DE FREITAS , RUAS JOSÉ AUGUSTO GASPAR
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe term "energy nationalism" is frequently used by academic literature and media, but usually without adequate conceptual accuracy. Despite this, a set of papers deepens the discussion on the relationship between nation states and the energy industry, especially the oil sector. These papers allow identifying fundamental elements to understand the energy nationalism, either complementary or divergent between each other. Thus, this study aims at presenting an interpretation of the concept that fills the gaps left by the above mentioned literature based on a global analysis of the oil industry structure and its historical evolution since the mid-19thcentury.