bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Sustained Release System of Electrospun Poly(acrylic acid)/Dextran Nanofibers Using Emulsion Electrospinning as Wound Dressing Applications
Authors: Meera Moydeen A. , Thamer Badr M. , Aldalbahi Ali , El-Hamshary Hany , Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , Syed Ali Padusha M. , El-Newehy Mohamed H.
Published: January 2021

The burst release of drug is a problem associated with the use of common blending electrospinning. This problem can be avoided via fabrication of core–shell nanofibers where drug can be coated with polymer nanofibers as a shell. Moreover, there is a need to provide wound dressing
with prolonged system of sustained release to accelerate the recovery of the wound. Currently, electrospun ciprofloxacin loaded poly(acrylic acid)/Dextran (Cipro@PAA/Dex) core–shell nanofibers can be prepared in green method using emulsion electrospinning. For comparison study, blend
electrospun nanofibers (Cipro/PAA/Dex) was also prepared. The entrapment of drug into the polymeric material and the interaction between polymer blends were confirmed by FT-IR. Moreover, DSC was used to identify the type of interaction between polymeric chains. Field emission scanning electron
microscope (FE-SEM) was used to study the nanofiber morphology and transmission electron microscope (TEM) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) were used to confirm the formation of core–shell structure. In vitro drug release profile was monitored by UV-Vis spectrophotometer
and the results showed that Cipro@PAA/Dex exhibited controlled release behavior whereas Cipro/PAA/Dex showed burst release behavior. Moreover, the release mechanism is kinetically followed diffusion.
Effect of dental intervention on improvements in metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Doke Midori , Komagamine Yuriko , Kanazawa Manabu , Iwaki Maiko , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Yasunari , Mizuno Tetsuya , Okayasu Kaori , Minakuchi Shunsuke
Published: January 2021

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), caused by the accumulation of visceral fat, is considered a major cause of cardiovascular disease. This randomized controlled trial aimed to clarify the effect of dental intervention, including prosthodontics and/or periodontal treatment, combined with dietary and exercise guidance on MetS.

Methods

In total, 112 patients who met the Japanese waist circumference criteria of MetS were recruited. The intervention group (ITG) received dental intervention along with dietary and exercise guidance, while the control group (CTG) received dietary and exercise guidance alone. Three outcome measurements were obtained before intervention (BL), 1 month after intervention (1M), and 3 months after intervention (3M).

Results

Body water rate (p = 0.043) was significantly higher in ITG than in CTG at 1M. Simultaneously, fasting blood sugar level (p = 0.098) tended to be lower in ITG than in CTG. Lean mass (p = 0.037) and muscle mass (p = 0.035) were significantly higher and body weight (p = 0.044) significantly lower in ITG than in CTG at 3M. Body mass index (p = 0.052) tended to be lower in ITG than in CTG.

Conclusions

Dental intervention combined with lifestyle guidance may improve anthropometric status and reduce the risk of MetS.

Trial registration

University Hospital Medical Information Network Center Unique UMIN000022753. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000026176.
Resistin-like molecule β acts as a mitogenic factor in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension via the Ca2+-dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PKC/MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Tian Heshen , Liu Lei , Wu Ying , Wang Ruiwen , Jiang Yongliang , Hu Ruicheng , Zhu Liming , Li Linwei , Fang Yanyan , Yang Chulan , Ji Lianzhi , Liu Guoyu , Dai Aiguo
Published: January 2021

Background

Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation plays a crucial role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). Previous studies have found that resistin-like molecule β (RELM-β) is upregulated de novo in response to hypoxia in cultured human PASMCs (hPASMCs). RELM-β has been reported to promote hPASMC proliferation and is involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with PAH. However, the expression pattern, effects, and mechanisms of action of RELM-β in HPH remain unclear.

Methods

We assessed the expression pattern, mitogenetic effect, and mechanism of action of RELM-β in a rat HPH model and in hPASMCs.

Results

Overexpression of RELM-β caused hemodynamic changes in a rat model of HPH similar to those induced by chronic hypoxia, including increased mean right ventricular systolic pressure (mRVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) and thickening of small pulmonary arterioles. Knockdown of RELM-β partially blocked the increases in mRVSP, RVHI, and vascular remodeling induced by hypoxia. The phosphorylation levels of the PI3K, Akt, mTOR, PKC, and MAPK proteins were significantly up- or downregulated by RELM-β gene overexpression or silencing, respectively. Recombinant RELM-β protein increased the intracellular Ca2+concentration in primary cultured hPASMCs and promoted hPASMC proliferation. The mitogenic effects of RELM-β on hPASMCs and the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, PKC, and MAPK were suppressed by a Ca2+inhibitor.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that RELM-β acts as a cytokine-like growth factor in the development of HPH and that the effects of RELM-β are likely to be mediated by the Ca2+-dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PKC/MAPK pathways.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a risk factor for sputum production in the general population: the Nagahama study
Authors: Morimoto Chie , Matsumoto Hisako , Nagasaki Tadao , Kanemitsu Yoshihiro , Ishiyama Yumi , Sunadome Hironobu , Oguma Tsuyoshi , Ito Isao , Murase Kimihiko , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Tabara Yasuharu , Niimi Akio , Muro Shigeo , Matsuda Fumihiko , Chin Kazuo , Hirai Toyohiro
Published: January 2021

Background

Chronic sputum production in the general population is historically associated with clinical indices including male sex and smoking history. However, its relationship with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which may prove an underlying factor in sputum production, is unclear. We aimed to clarify factors associated with sputum production in the general population in cross-sectional and longitudinal manners.

Methods

In the Nagahama study, a community-based cohort study, 9804 subjects were recruited between 2008 and 2010 (baseline assessment), 8293 of whom were followed from 2013 to 2015 (follow-up assessment). This study contained a self-completed questionnaire which included medical history, assessment of sputum production, and a frequency scale for symptoms of GERD. A Frequency Scale for Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease score of ≥ 8 was defined as GERD. In addition to the frequency of sputum production at each assessment, frequency of persistent sputum production defined as sputum production at both assessments was examined.

Results

Frequency of sputum production was 32.0% at baseline and 34.5% at follow-up. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that sputum production at baseline was significantly associated with GERD [odds ratio (OR), 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.73–2.13] and post-nasal drip (PND) (OR, 2.40; 95% CI 2.15–2.68), independent of other known factors such as older age, male sex and smoking history. These associations between sputum production and GERD or PND were also observed at follow-up. In longitudinal analysis, 19.4% had persistent sputum production and 12.3% had transient sputum production, i.e., at baseline only. Multivariable analysis for risk of persistence of sputum production revealed that persistent sputum production was associated with GERD and PND, in addition to the known risk factors listed above. The proportion of subjects with GERD at both assessments was highest among subjects with persistent sputum production.

Conclusions

Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis demonstrated an association in the general population between sputum production and GERD, as well as PND, independent of known risk factors. The presence of GERD should be assessed in patients complaining of sputum production.
Extracellular vesicle-encapsulated microRNA-424 exerts inhibitory function in ovarian cancer by targeting MYB
Authors: Li Ping , Xin Hongyan , Lu Lili
Published: January 2021

Background

Recent studies have suggested a crucial role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in ovarian cancer treatment. We, therefore, set out to explore the mechanism through which MSC-derived EVs delivered microRNA-424 (miR-424) to influence the development of ovarian cancer.

Methods

Bioinformatics analyses were first performed to screen ovarian cancer-related differentially expressed genes and to predict regulatory miRNAs. Then, dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out to verify the relationship between miR-424 and MYB. Subsequently, the characterized MSCs and isolated EVs were co-cultured with ovarian cancer cells, followed by determination of the expression patterns of miR-424, MYB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor (VEGFR), respectively. In addition, the effects of EVs-delivered miR-424 on the proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of ovarian cancer cells were assessed using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Lastly, tumor xenograft was induced in nude mice to illustrate the influence of EVs-loaded miR-424 on ovarian cancer in vivo.

Results

Our data exhibited that MYB was highly-expressed and miR-424 was poorly-expressed in ovarian cancer. More importantly, MYB was identified as a target gene of miR-424. Additionally, the transfer of miR-424 by MSC-derived EVs was found to repress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, with a reduction in the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR. Furthermore, MSC-derived EVs over-expressing miR-424 could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and also suppressed tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian tumors in vivo.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings indicate that MSC-derived EVs transfer miR-424 to down-regulate MYB, which ultimately led to the inhibition of the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer. Hence, this study offers a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Prehospital identification of Covid-19: an observational study
Authors: Spangler Douglas , Blomberg Hans , Smekal David
Published: January 2021

Background

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has affected prehospital care systems across the world, but the prehospital presentation of affected patients and the extent to which prehospital care providers are able to identify them is not well characterized. In this study, we describe the presentation of Covid-19 patients in a Swedish prehospital care system, and asses the predictive value of Covid-19 suspicion as documented by dispatch and ambulance nurses.

Methods

Data for all patients with dispatch, ambulance, and hospital records between January 1–August 31, 2020 were extracted. A descriptive statistical analysis of patients with and without hospital-confirmed Covid-19 was performed. In a subset of records beginning from April 14, we assessed the sensitivity and specificity of documented Covid-19 suspicion in dispatch and ambulance patient care records.

Results

A total of 11,894 prehospital records were included, of which 481 had a primary hospital diagnosis code related to-, or positive test results for Covid-19. Covid-19-positive patients had considerably worse outcomes than patients with negative test results, with 30-day mortality rates of 24% vs 11%, but lower levels of prehospital acuity (e.g. emergent transport rates of 14% vs 22%). About half (46%) of Covid-19-positive patients presented to dispatchers with primary complaints typically associated with Covid-19. Six thousand seven hundred seventy-six records were included in the assessment of predictive value. Sensitivity was 76% (95% CI 71–80) and 82% (78–86) for dispatch and ambulance suspicion respectively, while specificities were 86% (85–87) and 78% (77–79).

Conclusions

While prehospital suspicion was strongly indicative of hospital-confirmed Covid-19, based on the sensitivity identified in this study, prehospital suspicion should not be relied upon as a single factor to rule out the need for isolation precautions. The data provided may be used to develop improved guidelines for identifying Covid-19 patients in the prehospital setting.
A covariance matrix-based spectrum sensing technology exploiting stochastic resonance and filters
Authors: Lu Jin , Huang Ming , Yang Jingjing
Published: January 2021

Cognitive radio (CR) is designed to implement dynamical spectrum sharing and reduce the negative effect of spectrum scarcity caused by the exponential increase in the number of wireless devices. CR requires that spectrum sensing should detect licenced signals quickly and accurately and enable coexistence between primary and secondary users without interference. However, spectrum sensing with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is still a challenge in CR systems. This paper proposes a novel covariance matrix-based spectrum sensing method by using stochastic resonance (SR) and filters. SR is implemented to enforce the detection signal of multiple antennas in low SNR conditions. The filters are equipped in the receiver to reduce the interference segment of noise frequency. Then, two test statistics computed by the likelihood ratio test (LRT) or the maximum eigenvalues detector (MED) are constructed by the sample covariance matrix of the processed signals. The simulation results exhibit the spectrum sensing performance of the proposed algorithms under various channel conditions, namely, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. The energy detector (ED) is also compared with LRT and MED. The simulation results demonstrate that SR and filter implementation can achieve a considerable improvement in spectrum sensing performance under a strong noise background.
Long-term target tracking combined with re-detection
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Yang Haoran , Xu Ning , Wu Chengqin , Zhao Zengshun , Zhang Jixiang , Wu Dapeng Oliver
Published: January 2021

Long-term visual tracking undergoes more challenges and is closer to realistic applications than short-term tracking. However, the performances of most existing methods have been limited in the long-term tracking tasks. In this work, we present a reliable yet simple long-term tracking method, which extends the state-of-the-art learning adaptive discriminative correlation filters (LADCF) tracking algorithm with a re-detection component based on the support vector machine (SVM) model. The LADCF tracking algorithm localizes the target in each frame, and the re-detector is able to efficiently re-detect the target in the whole image when the tracking fails. We further introduce a robust confidence degree evaluation criterion that combines the maximum response criterion and the average peak-to-correlation energy (APCE) to judge the confidence level of the predicted target. When the confidence degree is generally high, the SVM is updated accordingly. If the confidence drops sharply, the SVM re-detects the target. We perform extensive experiments on the OTB-2015 and UAV123 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in long-term tracking.
Optical satellite sensor and positioning accuracy analysis for the Hongqi-1-H9 wide-range satellite in different terrains
Authors: Song Wenping , Wang Jianxiong , Bai Yang , Wang Linhui , Li Xiang , Tian Shiqiang , Qi Xianyang
Published: January 2021

The excellent performance of geometric positioning of a newly launched satellite will greatly broaden its application field. Launched on January 15, 2020, the Hongqi-1-H9 wide-range satellite is the largest sub-meter-level satellite worldwide and the first ton-level commercial remote sensing satellite in China, with a resolution of less than 1 m and a swath width of 136 km. This study was aimed at assessing the geometric positioning accuracy of this newly launched satellite considering three aspects, namely, the circle error accuracy, rational polynomial coefficient-based direct geometric positioning accuracy and ground control point-based absolute positioning accuracy under urban, plain, and mountainous areas, with different topographies. The results of the conducted experimental investigation indicated that the Hongqi-1-H9 satellite could exhibit a high positioning accuracy in planar and vertical directions for different terrains. In particular, for our experimental areas with a low topography and few surface structures, the geometric positioning accuracy of the Hongqi-1-H9 satellite imagery was less than 4m and 2 m in the planimetry and elevation directions, respectively. These characteristics can promote the application of the Hongqi-1-H9 satellite images in agricultural surveys, target detection, and land surveys, among other domains.
Cost-related medication nonadherence in Canada: a systematic review of prevalence, predictors, and clinical impact
Authors: Holbrook Anne M. , Wang Mei , Lee Munil , Chen Zhiyuan , Garcia Michael , Nguyen Laura , Ford Angela , Manji Selina , Law Michael R.
Published: January 2021

Background

Cost-related nonadherence to medications (CRNA) is common in many countries and thought to be associated with adverse outcomes. The characteristics of CRNA in Canada, with its patchwork coverage of increasingly expensive medications, are unclear.

Objectives

Our objective in this systematic review was to summarize the literature evaluating CRNA in Canada in three domains: prevalence, predictors, and effect on clinical outcomes.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from 1992 to December 2019 using search terms covering medication adherence, costs, and Canada. Eligible studies, without restriction on design, had to have original data on at least one of the three domains specifically for Canadian participants. Articles were identified and reviewed in duplicate. Risk of bias was assessed using design-specific tools.

Results

Twenty-six studies of varying quality (n = 483,065 Canadians) were eligible for inclusion. Sixteen studies reported on the overall prevalence of CRNA, with population-based estimates ranging from 5.1 to 10.2%. Factors predicting CRNA included high out-of-pocket spending, low income or financial flexibility, lack of drug insurance, younger age, and poorer health. A single randomized trial of free essential medications with free delivery in Ontario improved adherence but did not find any change in clinical outcomes at 1 year.

Conclusion

CRNA affects many Canadians. The estimated percentage depends on the sampling frame, the main predictors tend to be financial, and its association with clinical outcomes in Canada remains unproven.
Psycho-demographic profile in severe asthma and effect of emotional mood disorders and hyperventilation syndrome on quality of life
Authors: Dafauce Lucía , Romero David , Carpio Carlos , Barga Paula , Quirce Santiago , Villasante Carlos , Bravo María Fe , Álvarez-Sala Rodolfo
Published: January 2021

Background

Severe asthma affects a small population but carries a high psychopathological risk. Therefore, the psychodemographic profile of these patients is of interest. A substantial prevalence of anxiety, depression, alexithymia and hyperventilation syndrome in severe asthma is known, but contradictory results have been observed. These factors can also affect patients’ quality of life. For this reasons, our purpose is to evaluate the psychodemographic profile of patients with severe asthma and assess the prevalence of anxiety, depression, alexithymia and hyperventilation syndrome and their impact on the quality of life of patients with severe asthma.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 63 patients with severe asthma. Their psychodemographic profile was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Nijmegen questionnaire and Asthma Control Test (ACT) to determine the state of anxiety and depression, alexithymia, hyperventilation syndrome and control of asthma, respectively. Quality of life was assessed with the Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (Mini-AQLQ).

Results

The mean age was 60 ± 13.6 years. Personal psychopathological histories were found in 65.1% of participants, and 8% reported previous suicidal attempts. The rate of anxiety and/or depression (HADS ≥ 11) was 68.3%. These patients present higher scores on the TAS-20 (p < 0.001) for the level of dyspnea (p = 0.021), and for emotional function (p = 0.017) on the Mini-AQLQ, compared with patients without anxiety or depression. Alexithymia (TAS-20 ≥ 61) was observed in 42.9% of patients; these patients were older (p = 0.037) and had a higher HADS score (p = 0.019) than patients with asthma without alexithymia. On the other hand, patients with hyperventilation syndrome (Nijmegen ≥ 23) scored higher on the HADS (p < 0.05), on the Mini-AQLQ (p = 0.002) and on the TAS-20 (p = 0.044) than the group without hyperventilation syndrome. Quality of life was related to anxiety-depression symptomatology (r =  − 0.302; p = 0.016) and alexithymia (r =  − 0.264; p = 0.036). Finally, the Mini-AQLQ total score was associated with the Nijmegen questionnaire total score (r =  − 0.317; p = 0.011), and the activity limitation domain of the Mini-AQLQ correlated with the ACT total score (r = 0.288; p = 0.022).

Conclusions

The rate of anxiety, depression, alexithymia and hyperventilation syndrome is high in patients with severe asthma. Each of these factors is associated with a poor quality of life.
To deny, to justify, or to apologize: Do social accounts influence stress levels in the aftermath of psychological contract breach?
Authors: Achnak Safâa , Schippers Arjen , Vantilborgh Tim
Published: January 2021

Background

Workplace stress carries considerable costs for the employees’ wellbeing and for the organization’s performance. Recent studies demonstrate that perceptions of psychological contract breach are a source of stress for employees. That is, when employees notice that their employer does not fulfil certain obligations, they will perceive that certain resources are threatened or lost, which in turn translates into increased stress. In this study, we zoom in on how stress unfolds in the aftermath of breach, dependent on the organization’s reaction to the breach. More specifically, we examined the influence of different types of social accounts (i.e., denial, apology, blaming and exonerating justification) on individuals’ stress resolution process using physiological (i.e., heart rate) and psychological (self-report) data.

Method

We used an experimental design in which we manipulated psychological contract breach and social account type. To test our hypotheses, we performed two sets of functional Principal Component Analyses: first to examine the effects of breach and second to examine the effects of social accounts.

Results

Our results indicate that breach elicits a physiological stress reaction, reflected in a short-lived increase in heart rate. However, no increase in the self-reported stress measure was found. Further, we did not find a significant effect of social accounts on the psychological and physiological recovery process.

Conclusions

The current research allows us to demonstrate that psychological contract breach will trigger a short-lived increase in heart rate. Further research is needed to better understand unfolding trajectories of physiological reactions to contract breach and the effect of social accounts as organizational recovery efforts.
Frequent SLC35A2 brain mosaicism in mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE)
Authors: Bonduelle Thomas , Hartlieb Till , Baldassari Sara , Sim Nam Suk , Kim Se Hoon , Kang Hoon-Chul , Kobow Katja , Coras Roland , Chipaux Mathilde , Dorfmüller Georg , Adle-Biassette Homa , Aronica Eleonora , Lee Jeong Ho , Blumcke Ingmar , Baulac Stéphanie
Published: January 2021

Focal malformations of cortical development (MCD) are linked to somatic brain mutations occurring during neurodevelopment. Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE) is a newly recognized clinico-pathological entity associated with pediatric drug-resistant focal epilepsy, and amenable to neurosurgical treatment. MOGHE is histopathologically characterized by clusters of increased oligodendroglial cell densities, patchy zones of hypomyelination, and heterotopic neurons in the white matter. The molecular etiology of MOGHE remained unknown so far. We hypothesized a contribution of mosaic brain variants and performed deep targeted gene sequencing on 20 surgical MOGHE brain samples from a single-center cohort of pediatric patients. We identified somatic pathogenic SLC35A2 variants in 9/20 (45%) patients with mosaic rates ranging from 7 to 52%. SLC35A2 encodes a UDP-galactose transporter, previously implicated in other malformations of cortical development (MCD) and a rare type of congenital disorder of glycosylation. To further clarify the histological features of SLC35A2-brain tissues, we then collected 17 samples with pathogenic SLC35A2 variants from a multicenter cohort of MCD cases. Histopathological reassessment including anti-Olig2 staining confirmed a MOGHE diagnosis in all cases. Analysis by droplet digital PCR of pools of microdissected cells from one MOGHE tissue revealed a variant enrichment in clustered oligodendroglial cells and heterotopic neurons. Through an international consortium, we assembled an unprecedented series of 26 SLC35A2-MOGHE cases providing evidence that mosaic SLC35A2 variants, likely occurred in a neuroglial progenitor cell during brain development, are a genetic marker for MOGHE.
Individual responsiveness of macrophage migration inhibitory factor predicts long-term cognitive impairment after bacterial meningitis
Authors: Kloek Anne T. , Seron Mercedes Valls , Schmand Ben , Tanck Michael W. T. , van der Ende Arie , Brouwer Matthijs C. , van de Beek Diederik
Published: January 2021

Background

Patients with pneumococcal meningitis are at risk for death and neurological sequelae including cognitive impairment. Functional genetic polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) alleles have shown to predict mortality of pneumococcal meningitis.

Methods

We investigated whether MIF concentrations during the acute phase of disease were predictive for death in a nationwide prospective cohort study. Subsequently, we studied whether individual ex vivo MIF response years after meningitis was associated with the development of cognitive impairment.

Results

We found that in the acute illness of pneumococcal meningitis, higher plasma MIF concentrations were predictive for mortality (p = 0.009). Cognitive impairment, examined 1–5 years after meningitis, was present in 11 of 79 patients after pneumococcal meningitis (14%), as compared to 1 of 63 (2%) in controls, and was consistently associated with individual variability in MIF production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells after ex vivo stimulation with various infectious stimuli.

Conclusions

Our study confirms the role of MIF in poor disease outcome of pneumococcal meningitis. Inter-individual differences in MIF production were associated with long-term cognitive impairment years after pneumococcal meningitis. The present study provides evidence that MIF mediates long-term cognitive impairment in bacterial meningitis survivors and suggests a potential role for MIF as a target of immune-modulating adjunctive therapy.
First records of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales) on medicinal plants in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Yu-Wei , Chou Pei-Yi , Hou Hsin-Yu , Kirschner Roland
Published: January 2021

Background

Production of medicinal plants in Taiwan is not only hampered by international market competition, but also lack of knowledge of their pathogens, such as powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota). Records of these fungi in Taiwan originate from few researchers for the last one hundred years and are still incomplete. Since powdery mildews in tropical/subtropical environments rarely develop the sexual stages with morphologically diagnostic characteristics, internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA genes obtained from the asexual stages have become important modern tools for species identification.

Results

Powdery mildews on medicinal plants from educational and ornamental plantations in Taiwan were identified based on the anamorph morphology and ITS sequences. Four powdery mildews on medicinal plants are new records for Taiwan, Arthrocladiella mougeotii on Lycium chinense, Erysiphe glycines on Pueraria lobata, Erysiphe lespedezae on Bauhinia sp., Desmodium caudatum, and Uraria crinita, and E. lonicerae on Lonicera japonica. Eryngium foetidum is a new host for Erysiphe heraclei hitherto known on other host plants in Taiwan. Eryngium foetidum and Uraria crinita are new host plants for powdery mildews worldwide. Only specific field collection of the pathogens yielded the new records, not checking plant specimens in a phanerogam herbarium. The pathogens did not cause death of the host plants, but appeared to enhance stress by infection of mature leaves.

Conclusions

Taxonomic study of powdery mildews in Taiwan results into new host records of economically important medicinal plants in Taiwan with potential consequences for plant production and quarantine and also shows that host records are quite incomplete worldwide. Although ITS sequences were useful for species identification, the lack of data for several species on the same host genus on the one hand and the low variation between closely related species on the other indicate the need for further study.
Fully digital PET is unaffected by any deterioration in TOF resolution and TOF image quality in the wide range of routine PET count rates
Authors: Salvadori Julien , Odille Freddy , Karcher Gilles , Marie Pierre-Yves , Imbert Laetitia
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Digital PET involving silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) provides an enhanced time-of-flight (TOF) resolution as compared with photomultiplier (PMT)-based PET, but also a better prevention of the count-related rises in dead time and pile-up effects mainly due to smaller trigger domains (i.e., the detection surfaces associated with each trigger circuit). This study aimed to determine whether this latter property could help prevent against deteriorations in TOF resolution and TOF image quality in the wide range of PET count rates documented in clinical routine.

Methods

Variations, according to count rates, in timing resolution and in TOF-related enhancement of the quality of phantom images were compared between the first fully digital PET (Vereos) and a PMT-based PET (Ingenuity). Single-count rate values were additionally extracted from the list-mode data of routine analog- and digital-PET exams at each 500-ms interval, in order to determine the ranges of routine PET count rates.

Results

Routine PET count rates were lower for the Vereos than for the Ingenuity. For Ingenuity, the upper limits were estimated at approximately 21.7 and 33.2 Mcps after injection of respectively 3 and 5 MBq.kg-1 of current 18F-labeled tracers. At 5.8 Mcps, corresponding to the lower limit of the routine count rates documented with the Ingenuity, timing resolutions provided by the scatter phantom were 326 and 621 ps for Vereos and Ingenuity, respectively. At higher count rates, timing resolution was remarkably stable for Vereos but exhibited a progressive deterioration for Ingenuity, respectively reaching 732 and 847 ps at the upper limits of 21.7 and 33.2 Mcps. The averaged TOF-related gain in signal/noise ratio was stable at approximately 2 for Vereos but decreased from 1.36 at 5.8 Mcps to 1.14 and 1.00 at respectively 21.7 and 33.2 Mcps for Ingenuity.

Conclusion

Contrary to the Ingenuity PMT-based PET, the Vereos fully digital PET is unaffected by any deterioration in TOF resolution and consequently, in the quality of TOF images, in the wide range of routine PET count rates. This advantage is even more striking with higher count-rates for which the preferential use of digital PET should be further recommended (i.e., dynamic PET recording, higher injected activities).
Organic mulching promotes soil organic carbon accumulation to deep soil layer in an urban plantation forest
Authors: Sun Xiaodan , Wang Gang , Ma Qingxu , Liao Jiahui , Wang Dong , Guan Qingwei , Jones Davey L.
Published: January 2021

Background

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for soil quality and fertility in forest ecosystems. Labile SOC fractions are sensitive to environmental changes, which reflect the impact of short-term internal and external management measures on the soil carbon pool. Organic mulching (OM) alters the soil environment and promotes plant growth. However, little is known about the responses of SOC fractions in rhizosphere or bulk soil to OM in urban forests and its correlation with carbon composition in plants.

Methods

A one-year field experiment with four treatments (OM at 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm thicknesses) was conducted in a 15-year-old Ligustrum lucidum plantation. Changes in the SOC fractions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil; the carbon content in the plant fine roots, leaves, and organic mulch; and several soil physicochemical properties were measured. The relationships between SOC fractions and the measured variables were analysed.

Results

The OM treatments had no significant effect on the SOC fractions, except for the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). OM promoted the movement of SOC to deeper soil because of the increased carbon content in fine roots of subsoil. There were significant correlations between DOC and microbial biomass carbon and SOC and easily oxidised organic carbon. The OM had a greater effect on organic carbon fractions in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. The thinnest (5 cm) mulching layers showed the most rapid carbon decomposition over time. The time after OM had the greatest effect on the SOC fractions, followed by soil layer.

Conclusions

The frequent addition of small amounts of organic mulch increased SOC accumulation in the present study. OM is a potential management model to enhance soil organic matter storage for maintaining urban forest productivity.
Urgent intraoperative endovascular stent placement to resolve acute hepatic or portal venous obstruction during liver surgery: a case series
Authors: Kato Yutaro , Sugioka Atsushi , Kojima Masayuki , Yoshikawa Junichi , Tanahashi Yoshinao , Nakajima Sanae , Yasuda Akira , Kiguchi Gozo , Uchida Yuichiro , Yasui Toshihiro , Suzuki Tatsuya , Akamatsu Hokuto , Hanaoka Ryota , Nagata Hiroyuki , Kato Ryoichi , Uyama Ichiro
Published: January 2021

Background

Acute obstruction of the hepatic vein (HV) or the portal vein (PV), particularly when it occurs during liver surgery, is potentially fatal unless repaired swiftly. As surgical interventions for this problem are technically demanding and potentially unsuccessful, other treatment options are needed.

Case presentation

We report two cases of acute, surgically uncorrectable HV or PV obstruction during liver resection or living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), which was successfully treated with urgent intraoperative placement of endovascular stents using interventional radiology (IVR). In Case 1, a patient with colonic liver metastases underwent a non-anatomic partial hepatectomy of the segments 4 and 8 with middle hepatic vein (MHV) resection. Additionally, the patient underwent an extended right posterior sectionectomy with right hepatic vein (RHV) resection for tumors involving RHV. Reconstruction of the MHV was needed to avoid HV congestion of the anterior section of the liver. The MHV was firstly reconstructed by an end-to-end anastomosis between the MHV and RHV resected stumps. However, the reconstruction failed to retain the HV outflow and the anterior section became congested. Serial trials of surgical revisions including re-anastomosis, vein graft interposition and vein graft patch-plasty on the anastomotic wall failed to recover the HV outflow. In Case 2, a pediatric patient with biliary atresia underwent an LDLT and developed an intractable PV obstruction during surgery. Re-anastomosis with vein graft interposition failed to restore the PV flow and elongated warm ischemic time became critical. In both cases, the misalignment in HV or PV reconstruction was likely to have caused flow obstruction, and various types of surgical interventions failed to recover the venous flow. In both cases, an urgent IVR-directed placement of self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS) restored the HV or PV perfusion quickly and effectively, and saved the patients from developing critical conditions. Furthermore, in Cases 1 and 2, the SEMS placed were patent for a sufficient period of time (32 and 44 months, respectively).

Conclusions

The IVR-directed, urgent, intraoperative endovascular stenting is a safe and efficient treatment tool that serves to resolve the potentially fatal acute HV or PV obstruction that occurs in the middle of liver surgery.
Process evaluation of a randomised pilot trial of home-based rehabilitation compared to usual care in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and their caregiver’s
Authors:   on behalf of the REACH-HF research group, Smith Karen , Lang Chim , Wingham Jennifer , Frost Julia , Greaves Colin , Abraham Charles , Warren Fiona C. , Coyle Joanne , Jolly Kate , Miles Jackie , Paul Kevin , Doherty Patrick J. , Davies Russell , Dalal Hasnain , Taylor Rod S.
Published: January 2021

Background

Whilst almost 50% of heart failure (HF) patients have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), evidence-based treatment options for this patient group remain limited. However, there is growing evidence of the potential value of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. This study reports the process evaluation of the Rehabilitation Enablement in Chronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) intervention for HFpEF patients and their caregivers conducted as part of the REACH-HFpEF pilot trial.

Methods

Process evaluation sub-study parallels to a single-centre (Tayside, Scotland) randomised controlled pilot trial with qualitative assessment of both intervention fidelity delivery and HFpEF patients’ and caregivers’ experiences. The REACH-HF intervention consisted of self-help manual for patients and caregivers, facilitated over 12 weeks by trained healthcare professionals. Interviews were conducted following completion of intervention in a purposeful sample of 15 HFpEF patients and seven caregivers.

Results

Qualitative information from the facilitator interactions and interviews identified three key themes for patients and caregivers: (1) understanding their condition, (2) emotional consequences of HF, and (3) responses to the REACH-HF intervention. Fidelity analysis found the interventions to be delivered adequately with scope for improvement in caregiver engagement. The differing professional backgrounds of REACH-HF facilitators in this study demonstrate the possibility of delivery of the intervention by healthcare staff with expertise in HF, cardiac rehabilitation, or both.

Conclusions

The REACH-HF home-based facilitated intervention for HFpEF appears to be a feasible and a well-accepted model for the delivery of rehabilitation, with the potential to address key unmet needs of patients and their caregivers who are often excluded from HF and current cardiac rehabilitation programmes. Results of this study will inform a recently funded full multicentre randomised clinical trial.

Trial registration

ISRCTN78539530 (date of registration 7 July 2015).
Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy with reused single-use devices: a 13-year retrospective study
Authors: Silpa-archa Sukhum , Kumsiang Kwanchanoke , Preble Janine M.
Published: January 2021

Background

To describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with recycled single-use devices. The recommended sterilization process as well as safety measures are discussed.

Methods

Medical charts of patients who developed endophthalmitis after PPV were retrospectively reviewed and reported in a descriptive manner. Cases undergoing PPV for preexisting endophthalmitis or open globe injury were excluded. Data collection included patient demographics, operative details, ocular findings, microbiological profiles, treatment modalities, and visual outcomes.

Results

Over the past thirteen years, a total of 12,989 pars plana vitrectomy operations were included. In total, 13 eyes of 13 cases (0.10%) experienced endophthalmitis after vitrectomy. These occurred in 3 cases (0.11%) using 20-gauge vitrectomy compared to 8 cases (0.09%) using 23-gauge vitrectomy and 2 cases (0.18%) using 25-gauge vitrectomy. There were no statistically significant differences between the 20-gauge and microincisional vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) group (P = 0.64), and the 23- and 25-gauge approach (P = 0.34). Causative pathogens were positive by culture in 5 cases (45%): 3 g-positive cases, 1 g-negative case, and 1 fungus case.

Conclusions

The rate of endophthalmitis in patients who underwent 23-gauge PPV was comparable to those who underwent 25-gauge PPV. With our standardized protocol for instrument sterilization, endophthalmitis rates in those undergoing PPV using recycled single-use instruments were within the range of previously published results in which vitrectomy tools were disposed of after one use.
FEATURES OF IMPROVING THE BUDGETARY SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Kurkina Anastasia
Published: January 2021

This paper is dedicated to the main directions and areas of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation, functioning of budgets at all levels of the budgetary system, its development, and regulation to adapt the Russian economy to market conditions. This research consists of features that will be further analyzed and discussed. These features are related to improving the functioning budgetary system and the financial system as a whole. This work considers features of the modern budget system of the Russian Federation, analysis of the functioning and execution of the budget system of the Russian Federation on the example of the federal budget, the main problems of the Russian budgetary system, and analysis of possible ways for improving the country's budgetary system. The key aspect of this article is the influence of the current political situation and economic factors on modifying the entire structure of the Russian budget system, as well as its budget policy, to further stabilize the economic development of the state. An important place is given to the formed proposals for improving the functioning budget policy and identified promising areas, which implementation can yield high results in the sphere of the budget system of the Russian Federation.
What constitutes workplace bullying in the UK?
Authors: Wong Marcus
Published: January 2021

Marcus Wong discusses the all too pervasive issue of workplace bullying in healthcare, along with the legal and ethical obligations of managers to address these incidents and protect staff from harm.
Prevalence, patterns and correlates of smokeless tobacco use in Nigerian adults: An analysis of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Authors: Onoh Ikenna , Owopetu Oluwatomi , Olorukooba Abdulhakeem Abayomi , Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David , Dahiru Tukur , Balogun Muhammad Shakir
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The global tobacco epidemic contributes to more than 8 million deaths annually. However, most tobacco control interventions have been driven by an emphasis on smoked tobacco. Globally and more so in Nigeria, less attention has been paid to the similarly harmful smokeless tobacco (SLT) whose use appeals to a different demography. We examined the prevalence, patterns of use and correlates of SLT in Nigerian adults to guide targeted control efforts.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2012 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data. We obtained data on 9,765 non-institutionalised adults aged 15 years and older. Variables included current SLT use, sociodemographic characteristics and perceived harm of SLT use. We used Chi-square test to examine associations and binary logistic regression to assess predictors of current SLT use. All analyses were conducted with sample-weighted data.

Results

The prevalence of current SLT use was 1.9% of all adults. About 1.4% were daily users. The main types were snuff by nose (1.6%) and snuff by mouth (0.8%). There were higher odds of current SLT use for those in the South-East region (aOR = 13.99; 95% CI: 4.45–43.95), rural area residents (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.04–2.35), males (aOR = 4.43; 95% CI: 2.75–7.11), the 45–64 years age-group (aOR = 10.00; 95% CI: 4.12–24.29), those with no formal education (aOR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.01–7.05), and those with no perception of harm from SLT use (aOR = 3.81, 95% CI: 2.61–5.56).

Conclusion

The prevalence of SLT use among Nigerian adults was low with clearly identified predictors. While a majority were aware of harm from SLT use, an unacceptably high proportion remain unaware. We recommended targeted interventions to increase awareness of the harmful effects of SLT use especially among residents of the South-East, those in rural areas, males, and individuals with no formal education. We also recommended a follow-up survey.
Paisagem preservada:
Authors: Silva Gisele Polanski França da , Santos Saulo Ribeiro dos , Aragão Ivan Rêgo
Published: January 2021

O presente texto tem como objeto de estudo a Feira da Praia Grande (situa-se no centro histórico de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil), relevante edificação comercial do século XVIII. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar as intervenções da atividade turística (políticas públicas de preservação e de turismo) em áreas históricas, em relação à paisagem urbana da Feira da Praia Grande. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa detém de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo. Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, e pesquisa de campo com aplicação de questionário estruturado aos moradores, turistas e feirantes em busca de uma perspectiva sobre a qualidade paisagística da Feira da Praia Grande. Os principais resultados possibilitaram reconhecer que a Feira da Praia Grande é considerada um patrimônio material e imaterial consumido pela atividade turística e que ao longo dos anos sua paisagem foi modificada em decorrência do uso turístico.
A sociedade do consumo como o novo arquétipo da economia do individualismo
Authors: Simões Paulo Fernando Pereira Fabião
Published: January 2021

O presente texto pretende fazer uma análise e reflexão crítica sobre os novos arquétipos numa sociedade cada vez mais individualista e hedonista. As questões centrais do trabalho relacionam o materialismo e o consumo supérfluo numa economia assente no mercado livre e na forma como veio criar comportamentos padronizados à escala global. Estes arquétipos vieram criar uma crise de valores onde a posse leva ao descartável? A crise da ética nas empresas e nas instituições, criaram o fenómeno do facilitismo e da pressão ao cliente criando estratégias de marketing mais complexas e agressivas? O super-endividamento leva ao super-individualismo? Estaremos ainda sob a ameaça de deixar a fatura para as gerações futuras, criando assim uma geração “pagadora”? Estas são algumas questões, entre outras que aqui se pretendem responder na perspetiva de melhor compreender os novos arquétipos e no impacto que estes podem ter na sociedade.
Low Cost Instrumentation for Electrical Impedance Tomography in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Smith Stewart , Wu Hancong , Jia Jiabin
Published: January 2021

This poster reports the design, implementation and testing of a portable and inexpensive bio-impedance measurement system intended for electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in cell cultures. The system is based on the AD5933 impedance analyser integrated circuit with additional circuitry to enable four-terminal measurement. Initial results of impedance measurements are reported along with an EIT image reconstructed using the open source EIDORS package.