bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Consumer Rights in the Digital Marketplace
Authors: Samad Abdus , Zakir Muhammad , Ghori Sobia
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explore the evolution of consumer rights in the digital marketplace, focusing on how technological advancements and changing consumer behaviors have influenced consumer rights and protections. It seeks to identify the main themes and concepts that characterize consumer experiences and concerns in the digital age, with an emphasis on privacy, security, transparency, and inclusivity. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, this study collected data through semi-structured interviews with 26 participants, representing a diverse cross-section of digital marketplace users. The interviews were designed to achieve theoretical saturation, exploring a wide range of experiences and perspectives on consumer rights in the digital domain. Thematic analysis was employed to identify and analyze recurring themes and concepts within the interview data. The analysis revealed three main themes: Changing Nature of Consumer Interactions, Evolving Consumer Rights and Protections, and the Impact of Technological Advancements. Within these themes, key categories emerged, including Digital Consumer Engagement, Trust and Security Concerns, Transparency in Transactions, Right to Privacy, Accessibility and Inclusivity, and the implications of Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, and the Gig Economy. These categories encompassed concepts such as ease of access, data privacy, clear pricing, GDPR compliance, and personalized shopping experiences, highlighting the complex landscape of consumer rights in the digital marketplace. The study concludes that the digital marketplace presents both challenges and opportunities for consumer rights. Technological advancements have transformed consumer interactions and expectations, necessitating enhanced mechanisms for privacy, security, transparency, and inclusivity. To safeguard and enhance consumer rights in this dynamic environment, a collaborative effort among stakeholders, including businesses, policymakers, and consumers, is essential. Furthermore, fostering digital literacy among consumers is critical for empowering them to navigate and protect their rights in the digital marketplace effectively.
The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Sociopolitical and Legal Dimensions
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Mao Wenjie , Wenjie Wenjie
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explore the ethical dimensions of artificial intelligence (AI), focusing on its sociopolitical and legal implications. It seeks to identify and analyze the primary ethical concerns that arise from the development and deployment of AI technologies, with an emphasis on understanding how these concerns impact society and the legal frameworks that govern AI. Employing a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 participants from diverse professional backgrounds, including technology ethicists, legal scholars, AI developers, policymakers, and advocacy group representatives. The data collection aimed for theoretical saturation, with the interviews designed to uncover a broad range of perspectives on AI ethics. Thematic analysis was used to identify and categorize the main themes and sub-themes related to the ethical implications of AI. The analysis revealed two main themes: Sociopolitical Dimension and Legal Dimension. The Sociopolitical Dimension includes categories such as Privacy and Data Governance, Bias and Discrimination, AI and Employment, Digital Divide, and AI in Governance. The Legal Dimension encompasses Intellectual Property Rights, Liability and Accountability, Regulatory Frameworks, AI Ethics and Law Integration, and Human Rights and AI. Each category was further explored through specific concepts, highlighting the complexities and challenges inherent in the ethical considerations of AI technologies. The study underscores the intricate relationship between AI technologies and ethical considerations, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches to address the identified sociopolitical and legal challenges. It advocates for the development of inclusive, equitable, and responsive frameworks that not only mitigate risks but also promote the beneficial potential of AI, ensuring that technological advancements align with societal values and legal norms.
Legal Realism and the Predictability of Judicial Decisions
Authors: Angelosanto Matthew
Published: May 2024

This review article explores the profound implications of legal realism on the predictability of judicial decisions, challenging the conventional notion that legal outcomes can be precisely anticipated through the application of statutes and precedents alone. Legal realism, advocating for a more nuanced understanding of the law, emphasizes the significance of external, social, and psychological factors in shaping judicial behavior. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, this article explores the origins and development of legal realism, its theoretical underpinnings, and the debates surrounding its contrast with legal formalism. It further examines the challenges in predicting judicial decisions, highlighting the influence of external factors, the intricacies of legal reasoning and discretion, and the inherent complexity and uncertainty of the law. The implications of legal realism extend to legal education, practice, policy, and reform, advocating for an approach that integrates practical skills, embraces interdisciplinary insights, and fosters a reflective and context-aware practice of law. The review concludes with a discussion on future directions for research and exploration within the legal realist framework, underscoring the importance of empirical studies, technological advancements, and interdisciplinary approaches in enriching our understanding of the law and promoting justice and fairness. This article contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the impact of legal realism, offering insights that are essential for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers in navigating the complexities of modern legal systems.
The Social Contract Model in the Digital Era: Revisiting Rousseau and Locke
Authors: Lien Le Quynh , Tang Jing , Natt Navneet
Published: May 2024

This article explores the adaptation of classical social contract theories, specifically those of Rousseau and Locke, within the context of the digital era, highlighting their relevance and application to contemporary challenges in digital governance. As digital technologies transform the landscape of societal interaction, governance, and individual rights, revisiting these foundational theories offers insights into developing frameworks that balance individual liberties with the collective good in digital societies. Through a comprehensive literature review and theoretical analysis, the article examines the implications of technological advancements, the concept of digital citizenship, privacy and security issues, and the digital divide, considering how Rousseau's focus on the general will and Locke's emphasis on individual rights can inform current digital governance policies. Case studies are presented to illustrate practical applications and challenges in adapting these theories to the digital context, followed by a discussion on the critiques and debates surrounding their applicability. The article speculates on the future of social contracts in increasingly digital societies and explores ethical considerations in balancing individual rights with collective interests. It concludes by arguing for the ongoing relevance of Rousseau's and Locke's theories in guiding the evolution of digital governance models that are inclusive, rights-respecting, and responsive to the complexities of the digital age. This exploration underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach to reimagining the social contract, emphasizing collaboration across academic, policy, technology, and ethical domains to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by digital transformation.
Employee Experiences with Workplace Discrimination Law
Authors: Adu Bakare Seun , Nouhi Nilofar
Published: May 2024

Workplace discrimination remains a pervasive issue with significant impacts on employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. This study aims to explore the nuances of employee experiences with workplace discrimination law, focusing on how individuals perceive, react to, and are affected by discriminatory practices in their workplaces. A qualitative research design was employed, using semi-structured interviews to collect data from 30 participants who had experienced or observed workplace discrimination. The study targeted theoretical saturation to ensure comprehensive coverage of relevant experiences. Data were analyzed using NVivo software, which facilitated thematic analysis and helped identify key themes and categories within the interview transcripts. Three main themes emerged from the data: Perceptions of Discrimination, Experiences with Legal Processes, and Impact on Workplace Culture. Each theme included multiple categories, such as Legal Knowledge, Personal Impact, Reporting Procedures, Outcomes of Legal Action, Changes in Workplace Dynamics, and Long-term Effects. These categories encompassed various concepts like understanding of rights, emotional distress, confidentiality issues, settlement outcomes, changes in team cohesion, and shifts in organizational policies. The findings reveal the complexity of workplace discrimination and underscore the need for robust organizational policies and practices that can effectively prevent and address discrimination. The study highlights the importance of enhancing legal and procedural knowledge among employees, improving reporting and support systems, and fostering an inclusive culture to mitigate the adverse effects of discrimination on workplace dynamics and employee health.
Understanding Compliance with Environmental Regulations in the Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Khajeh Naeeni Sepehr
Published: May 2024

Environmental regulations play a critical role in promoting sustainable practices within the manufacturing sector. However, the complexities of complying with these regulations can significantly impact the operational and strategic functions of manufacturing firms. This study aims to explore how manufacturing companies perceive and implement environmental regulations, identifying the strategies they employ, the challenges they face, and the outcomes they achieve through compliance. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with 31 participants from the manufacturing sector, including plant managers, compliance officers, and environmental health and safety personnel. Theoretical saturation was achieved to ensure comprehensive data collection. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software to facilitate thematic analysis and identify patterns within the interviews. Four main themes were identified: Regulatory Awareness, Compliance Strategies, Challenges in Compliance, and Outcomes of Compliance. Key categories under these themes included Understanding Regulations, Technology Utilization, Financial Constraints, and Environmental Impact. Participants reported a continuous need for updated knowledge and training in regulations, reliance on advanced technologies for compliance, financial and operational challenges in implementing regulations, and significant environmental and business benefits from successful compliance. The study concludes that while environmental regulations pose various challenges to manufacturing firms, effective compliance strategies, particularly those integrating technology and stakeholder engagement, can lead to substantial environmental and economic benefits. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous adaptation and proactive management in achieving compliance and leveraging it for business and environmental sustainability.
Application and advance in repair of spinal cord injury by transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Jiang Ji-Li , Wang Yi-Xiang
Published: May 2024

Objectives: To summarize retrospectively the application and advance of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: An online search at Pubmed between 2023 and 1967 was conducted to identify the related articles with the keywords “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, spinal cord injury”, and the language was limited to English. The identified articles were extensively reviewed, focusing on these aspects: the biological characteristics of BMSCs, the various experimental models and clinical studies on the repair of SCI by transplantation of BMSCs, the mechanisms of immigration and therapy, and the problems and prospects. Results: The various experimental models and clinical studies demonstrated that great advances were made in the repair of SCI by transplantation of BMSCs. After transplantation, BMSCs could immigrate to the position of the injured spinal cord, and partially differentiate into nerve-like cells and secrete neurotrophic factors, so as to promote the repair and regeneration of nervous tissue and recovery of neurological function. Conclusions: With the profound researches of transgenic treatment and associated cell transplantation, BMSCs can extend their application on the recovery of SCI owing to the self-renewing and multi-directional differentiation.
Role of WNT1 and PTCH Genes in the Diagnosis of Odontogenic Lesions – A Review
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Srinath , Kandasamy Saravanan , SU Arrvinthan , Ramesh Narendar , Aravind Ramaraj Jayabalan
Published: May 2024

Odontogenic lesions of the maxillofacial region constitute a complex group of lesions with diverse histopathologic types and clinical behavior. Diagnosis is the key for early identification of odontogenic lesions. Various diagnostic modalities like radiographic imaging (OPG, CT, MRI), Fine needle Aspiration cytology (FNAC) are utilized, but histopathological findings found to be the confirmatory one. Molecular level understanding of Odontogenic lesions gives exact pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Both Patched (PTCH) and WNT1 are being involved in imparting organ specific features. Any abnormalities associated with these genes results in tumour occurrence.
Four Common Upper Body Injuries in Tennis Players: Prevention, Description, and Treatment
Authors: Patel Jai , Wallen Michelle
Published: May 2024

The average tennis player gets injured 2-3 times every two years. This may not seem relevant but when added over a lifetime career in tennis these numbers become significant. This is why it is important to be aware of the most common tennis injuries, as well as the best prevention and treatment methods for each injury. This literature review will discuss four of the most common tennis injuries, which include tennis elbow, tendonitis, shoulder bursitis, and a rotator cuff tear. This review covers how to prevent and treat them, with a focus on the elbow and shoulder as two of the most common places for injury in tennis players.
Positing Women Volunteers as Planetary Humanists Amid Refugee Crisis: A Literary Perspective
Authors: Rashed Sara
Published: May 2024

The role of women is critical to both addressing the refugee crisis and promoting a planetary humanist perspective. By recognizing and valuing the contributions of women, we can work towards more equitable and sustainable solutions to global challenges. The paper attempts to explore the role of women as ‘volunteers’ who play a crucial role in supporting and assisting the refugees in Nadia Hashmi’s novel “when the moon is low” (2015). A lot of research has been carried out on women refugees in terms of trials and tribulations that they face in their migration journey including how their experiences as refugees are different from those of males taking into account factors such as race, ethnicity, religion, class, and sexuality, but no significant work has been done on the non-refugee women who volunteer themselves, both formally and informally, to support and assist the refugees on ground level. Such a concept presents a positive step towards a planetary humanist approach. Thus, the study proposes that it is paramount to consider the role of non-refugee women as volunteers in moving towards an all-inclusive planetary approach. To accomplish this, this paper aims to build a synapse between the notions of planetary humanism, refugee crisis, and volunteerism as presented by numerous theorists on the relevant areas such as Gilroy (2002), Phipps (2019), Lahusen, and Grasso (2018). Moreover, most of the work on volunteerism comprises field work based on quantitative analysis. This study however, applies this idea to the refugee narrative.
Pengendalian Biaya Tenaga Kerja dalam Organisasi Sektor Publik: Studi tentang Pengelolaan Pegawai Tidak Tetap (PTT) dan Alternatif Outsourcing
Authors: Ahmadi Mirzam Arqy , Abdillah M.Ilham Timur
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the management of labor costs in the public sector with a focus on the management of non-permanent employees (PTT) and outsourcing alternatives. This research highlights problems in personnel management, especially employee expenditure costs that must be borne by government agencies. This study reviews cost control systems, labor costs, and methods for managing honorary staff costs in government. The findings show that outsourcing is more efficient than recruiting PTT or temporary workers as a solution to control labor costs. Additionally, this paper recommends Activity Based Costing (ABC) method for public sector organizations to provide valuable information related to detailed cost data. This research shows that decentralizing recruitment in local governments can improve efficiency, effectiveness and fairness, but can also lead to corruption and disparities in the distribution of human resources. Cost control, outsourcing, and the use of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) can help public sector organizations manage costs and increase operational efficiency. To achieve better governance, operational efficiency and effective cost control, public sector organizations need to consider the various strategies and methods described in this research.
Analisis Penggunaan Shoppe Paylater Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam: Studi Kasus Karyawan PT. Shoetown Kasokandel Majalengka
Authors: Rahayu Sinta , Kamaludin Kamaludin , Susilo Aa Rendy Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Latar belakang: E-commerce telah berkembang pesat beberapa tahun terakhir ini, karena menawarkan berbagai kemudahan serta produk yang menarik perhatian konsumen untuk berbelanja secara online dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya, perkembangan ini juga di ikuti dengan metode pembayaran digital yang sangat bervariasi, salah satunya metode pembayaran yang saat ini popular dan di minati oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat adalah shoppe paylater.
Tujuan: untuk menganalisis penggunaan shoppe paylater pada karyawan PT.Shoetown Kasokandel dalam pandangan ekonomi islam.
Metode: penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualititatif dengan wawancara secara intensif dan observasi di lokasi PT.Shoetown Kasokandel, beberapa karyawan diwawancarai dengan kriteria telah menggunakan shoppe paylater tiga tahun terakhir di e-commerce shoppe.
Temuan: hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa shoppe paylater digunakan karyawan untuk : (1) membeli barang yang di ingikan / atau menarik perhatian, (2) memanfaatkan atau tergiur promo dan diskon yang ditawarkan karena lingkungan atau iklan, (3) membeli barang secara kredit hanya untuk meningkatkan gaya hidup, karena batas pinjaman yang diberikan sangat besar bagi karyawan, (4) ketentuan persyaratan pinjaman shoppe paylater sangat mudah tanpa melihat kondisi keuangan.
Kesimpulan: penggunaan shoppe paylater terjadi peningkatan konsumsi yang dilakukan karyawan sehingga meningkatkan prilaku konsumtif dikarenakan Shoppe paylater menggunakan sistem beli sekarang bayar nanti.
Analisis Dampak Hilirisasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia
Authors: Akhmadi Fauzan
Published: May 2024

The processing and utilization of natural resources aims to meet all human needs in each country, both in the agriculture, fisheries, and mining sectors. Natural resource law focuses more on exploitation and utilization, while environmental law focuses on its preservation, indeed these two laws seem to contradict and there is a difference. But this is always related to each other and cannot be separated.  Downstream which refers to the development or transformation of the added value of a product or commodity from raw materials upstream to semi-finished products or finished products downstream. In other words, through the downstream program, Indonesia has the opportunity to increase revenue by managing the production process from upstream to downstream. Downstream is the main focus of the government because downstream has significant added value potential for the country's economy. The government said the key to Indonesia's economic growth reaching 6-7% lies in downstream. One of the downstream industry programs is predicted to be an important step to support the momentum of golden Indonesia 2045.
Determining Some Quality Properties of Oat Genotypes Collected from the Middle and West Black Sea Region
Authors:   Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Department of Field Crops, Bilecik, Turkey, Mut Zeki , Akay Hasan , Köse Özge Doğanay Erbaş , Sezer Ismail ,   Ondokuz Mayıs University, Bafra Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Samsun, Turkey,   Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, Samsun, Turkey
Published: May 2024

Healthy foodstuffs, including functional foods, are the key component of a healthy and prosperous life. Oat grains are rich in protein, soluble dietary fiber, β-glucan, starch, oil, some vitamins and minerals, and thus accepted as a healthy foodstuff. This study was conducted to determine physical and chemical quality traits of many different oat landraces/cultivars. In this study, 251 local oat genotypes, collected from 10 provinces of Western and Middle Black Sea Regions of Turkey and four standard oat cultivars were grown over the experimental fields of the Agricultural Application and Research Center at Samsun Ondokuz Mayıs University for two years in an augmented experimental design. As a result of the research, the screenings percentage >2 mm ranged from 69.81 to 95.80%, thousand grain weight from 18.55 to 38.41 g, protein content from 8.82 to 14.81%, starch content from 33.15 to 51.32, β-glucan content from 2.44 to 3.93%, acid detergent fibre value from 18.1 to 18.95%, and neutral detergent fibre value from 27.83 to 36.66%. Also, the local oat genotypes exhibited significant variations in fat content (3.70–7.91%), linoleic acid content (31.89–38.37%), oleic acid content (35.03–44.77%), palmitic acid content (18.26–22.87%), and stearic acid content (1.50–1.96%). According to the biplot, it was determined that the investigated quality traits differed according to the genotypes collected from the provinces. Also, these results can be used for selection of precious pure lines and improvement of new varieties for oat breeding programs.
Finite element analysis of the biomechanical effects of anterior and posterior cervical fusion surgery for bilateral cervical dislocation
Authors: Li Dan , Wang Ke , Dong Chao , Zhou Bo , Gu Lin , Yang Haoran
Published: May 2024

Lower cervical spine injuries often manifest as lower cervical vertebral fractures and dislocations, as well as lower cervical facet joint dislocations. Especially in cases of bilateral facet joint dislocations, it is important to rapidly and effectively relieve spinal cord and nerve root compression to prevent secondary spinal cord injury, while also providing reliable and long-lasting stability to the injured segment after surgery. Combined anterior and posterior approaches have the advantages of both pure anterior or posterior approaches, but the actual situation is complex and variable, making systematic theoretical analysis crucial. This study, with bilateral facet joint dislocation of the C6 segment and cervical spinal cord injury as the research background, established a three-dimensional model of the cervical spine C3-C7 after implementing four types of anterior-posterior combined surgeries. The four surgical approaches consist of four combinations: anterior parallel or inclined screw placement combined with posterior Margel or Anderson method screw insertion. Through finite element method, a systematic comparative analysis of the theoretical effects of the four combined surgeries in treating bilateral facet joint dislocation of the cervical spine was conducted. The conclusion was that the variations in the four combined fixation methods have a certain impact on the biomechanical characteristics of the intervertebral disc nucleus. There is a clear mutual influence relationship among anterior and posterior fixation instruments. Based on the model used in this study, it is recommended to use a torque greater than 2.1 nm to tighten the locking nut of the posterior rod to ensure reliable internal fixation.
Psychiatric Disorders among Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Mariyam Riaz  , *Noreena Kausar  , Hafsa Qurban
Published: May 2024

The aim of current study was to explore the prevalence of psychological disorders among juvenile offenders in central jails of Gujrat, Gujranwala and Sialkot district of Punjab, Pakistan. By using cross-sectional study design, 125 juvenile offenders which comprised of whole population selected from targeted jails through census sampling technique. It was conducted in two phases. In the first phase the demographic and screening questionnaire were administered on all the participants. In the second phase, therelevant diagnostic questionnaires were administered on vulnerable cases for targeted psychological disorders screened at first phase. Results revealed that the prevalence of targeted psychological disorders (major depression & anxiety disorders) was 29% among juvenile offenders in targeted cities. There were 53% juveniles who had moderate level of psychological disorders following the severe (28%) and mild level (19%) of psychological disorders among total diagnosed juveniles. It is concluded that there was high prevalence of psychological disorders among juvenile offenders.
Spiritually Integrated Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Treatment of Depression in a Male Patient with Cardiac Illness and Diabetes
Authors: *Erum Kausar  , Zainab Hussain Bhutto
Published: May 2024

This case study aimed to ascertainthe effectiveness of spiritually integrated cognitive behavior therapy (SICBT) in the treatment of depression in a male patient with cardiac illness and diabetes. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in the level of depression reported by a male patient with cardiac illness and diabetes before and after being treated with spiritually integrated cognitive behavior therapy (SICBT). This case study was carried out at a private hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The patient in this case study was a 49 yearold man. A semi-structured interview and Depression in Chronic llnesses Scale (DCIS; Yaseen, 2014) were used as pre and post measures. Techniques from spiritually integrated cognitive behavior therapy (SICBT) (Good, 2010) were adapted to alter negative thoughts and modify behavior. Post treatment assessment indicated an improvement in the patient’s overall functioning and showed remarkable reduction in symptoms of depression. Patient reported gaining insight and having control over negative thinking. Based on the post treatment assessment, it can be concludedthat SICBT can be an effective approach to treat depression in patients with cardiac illness and diabetes. It is critical to note that the factor of subjective inclination towards spirituality needs to be considered while drawing any conclusion.
Violence against Infertility, Self-Esteem and Psychological Distress in women having Infertility
Authors: Asad Ahmad Rao  , Rakia Ashraf
Published: May 2024

The current study aims to investigate the relationship amongst violence against infertility, self-esteem, and psychological distress in women having infertility, and to ascertain the mediation effect of self-esteem between Violence against infertility and Psychological Distress. A purposive sampling strategy was used to collect a sample of 110 women having primary and secondary infertility. Infertile Women’s Exposure to Violence Determination Scale (Onat, 2014) was used to access Violence Against infertility, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, (Rosenberg, 1965) was used to measure the level of self-esteem and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (Kessler et al., 2002) used to access psychological distress. The correlation was found through Product Moment Correlation Analysis and mediation was run using PROCESS (Hayes, 2013). The finding of the study suggested that violence against infertility was positively correlated with psychological distress and negatively correlated with Self-Esteem. A significant negative relationship was also found between psychological distress and self-esteem. self-esteem has asignificant mediating effect onthe relationship between violence against infertility and psychological distress. This study can help health practitioners and psychologists to work on mental health of women having infertility to decrease the impact of violence and psychological distress
ANALYZING THE CAN PROTOCOL: VULNERABILITIES, PROTECTIVE MEASURES AND IMPROVEMENTS
Authors: Reddy Bobbala Mahender , Dr. R. Kavitha
Published: May 2024

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, originally designed for internal communication among a limited number of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) within vehicles, faces significant security challenges due to the rapid expansion of ECUs in modern automobiles. This expansion necessitates accessibility for diagnostic purposes, yet the CAN protocol lacks fundamental security features such as encryption, authentication, and integrity checks, rendering it vulnerable to various attacks including message injection, Denial of Service (DoS), and masquerading ECUs. This paper surveys existing literature and investigates potential intrusions on the CAN bus, highlighting attacks ranging from GPS spoofing to remote sensor tampering. Various solutions are discussed, including network subdivision, encryption, authentication techniques, and intrusion detection systems (IDS). Recent research proposes IDS solutions utilizing machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Deep Neural Networks (DNN), demonstrating effectiveness in detecting known attacks. However, challenges persist in identifying unknown attacks and enhancing overall system performance. Innovative approaches, such as event-triggered detection and bloom filtering techniques, show promise in mitigating specific attack vectors but may introduce overhead or limitations in real-time response. Deep learning-based IDS systems exhibit high performance but struggle with the detection of novel attacks. Furthermore, while some solutions address specific vulnerabilities, others propose more comprehensive security measures, such as preventing remote manipulation of critical vehicle functions like steering and braking. Overall, the research emphasizes the critical need for robust security measures in automotive systems to safeguard against evolving threats to vehicle safety and integrity.
Factors of the Beck Hopelessness Scale: Fact or artifact?
Authors: Steer Robert A. , Beck Aaron T. , Brown Gregory K.
Published: May 2024

Weighted least-squares factor analyses of the tetrachoric correlations, principal components analyses of the G-index correlations, and principal components analyses of the phi correlations among the 20 items of the Beck Hopelessness Scale were conducted with 1,126 outpatients who were diagnosed with primary mood disorders and 732 who were diagnosed with primary anxiety disorders. Two dimensions reflecting pessimism about the future and resignation to the futility of changing the future were found in both diagnostic groups, regardless of factor analytic method or type of data transformation.
Sigma Gamma Epsilon 2016 Quality Chapter Awards
Authors: Even Paula
Published: May 2024

Three Chapters received 2016 Sigma Gamma Epsilon Quality Chapter Awards. This award was established in 2010 to recognize chapters for achieving excellence by providing a quality program to its members. The qualifying criteria for the award are listed and the recipient chapters are noted.
Earthquake-Rotated Headstones as a Means of Re-evaluating Epicentral Location of the 1944 Massena-Cornwall Earthquake: New York, United States and Ontario, Canada
Authors: Walser Sandra , Stewart Alexander
Published: May 2024

The Massena-Cornwall earthquake (September 5th, 1944) is the largest earthquake in New York state history. Two epicenters have been previously proposed (Milne, 1949; Dewey and Gordon, 1984); however, they are separated by 15 km, an error that could associate each proposed epicenter with two different local faults. Due to the lack of standardized seismic-array data, there is value in approaching this event using an unconventional data set. The methodology of MacDonald and Wentworth (1952) was executed through ArcMap 10.5.1 to yield an area most likely to contain the epicenter. One-hundred fifty-four earthquake-rotated headstones from 15 cemeteries within ~35 km of Massena, New York/Cornwall, Ontario were measured for angle of rotation via a digital goniometer (0.1 ̊ resolution). The mean angle of rotation is 1.9° (cf., 0.1° for unaffected, post-1944 headstones: p<0.0001), independent of rotation direction. Factoring in the average strike of headstones in each cemetery, an octant was projected based on whether the cemetery had predominantly experienced clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation. The area of densest overlap between the projected octants is an ~20km2 area centered in the Saint Lawrence River (proposed epicenter at N45.014, W74.815) six miles northeast of Massena, NY. This area is bisected by the Gloucester Fault; an extension of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben. This project is an improvement on previous studies of the 1944-rotated headstones (e.g., Berkey, 1945) by analyzing quantitative rotational data within an ArcMap framework. These refined data implicate a rupture along an extension of the Gloucester Fault—a potential threat to the nearby Moses-Saunders Power Dam.
Distributed Leadership: A Panacea or Epistemic Injustice
Authors: Khan Rana
Published: May 2024

Distributed leadership has been a topic of discussion for more than two decades now. scholars define it as a new form of leadership that is inclusive and epistemically just, as it is based on social interactions of leaders and followers rather than on their roles (Spillane and Sherer, 2004). These social interactions, however, may be constrained due to the situations in which they take place. Distributed leadership if not exercised in controlled conditions with regulated and clearly specified guidelines, may lead to marginalization and epistemic injustice. In this paper, distributed leadership has been examined and investigated with a critical lens to highlight the ensuing epistemic injustice that prevents individuals, from certain disadvantaged backgrounds, to contribute to knowledge sharing and co-creation. They are marginalized and professionally bullied into accepting unsolicited roles and responsibilities without any acknowledgement of their true worth (Hargreaves, 2008). This paper uses a personal narrative to support the claims raised in contradiction of some existing distributed leadership theories. The author examines distributed leadership critically drawing comparisons from her narrative while emphasizing on the importance of further research to establish its significance and true worth. The author concludes with a note that distributed leadership is not a panacea for all leadership problems. It needs to be strengthened in a congenial environment and culture with collective responsibility from all.
The Value of Considering the Fullness of Time in Strategy Making
Authors: Salgado Leonidas
Published: May 2024

A greater understanding of the “content of time,” in terms of what happens within organizations, should assist scholars, researchers, and practitioners in their study of strategy making. To that end, this paper will examine what Scripture teaches us about time, specifically, the following aspects of time: (1) speech, (2) listening, (3) action, (4) life, and (5) intensifying forces. In so doing, suggestions will be provided regarding potential research directions.
Should Advertising Shock?
Authors: Hagenbuch David J.
Published: May 2024

Shock advertising is a tactic of choice for some organizations despite its disputed efficacy and dubious ethicality. Through a focused biblical analysis, this paper identifies numerous examples of divinely-initiated shocking communication, which in light of Imago Dei might lead people to believe that they also have considerable liberty to use shock. Closer examination of biblical cases, however, suggests that organizations should only create shocking ads for very compelling reasons.
Dialogue: Be Astonished!?
Authors: Cafferky Michael E.
Published: May 2024

I am grateful for Dr. David Hagenbuch’s survey of the Bible record on the question of using shocking advertising messages. His article is an example of how Bible study by a business scholar can go deeper than the use of a few Bible texts to prove a point. The article presents an organized method of research into the Bible record. The article has raised my awareness that the volume of biblical data to study for this issue may be greater than we at first thought. It fueled my curiosity regarding what other insights the Bible may offer on this question.
A Brief History of the Publications of the Christian Business Faculty Association
Authors: Saunders Kent T.
Published: May 2024

The Christian Business Faculty Association currently publishes two journals. The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business was created in 1995 and will publish its 24th issue in 2016. The Christian Business Academy Review was created in 2006 and will publish its 11th issue in 2016. The purpose of this essay is to document the creation and development of each journal.
EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE: Saturating Minds & Hearts with Scripture
Authors: Cafferky Michael E.
Published: May 2024

Think about the title of this publication: The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business. At the heart of this title is the phrase biblical integration. It is this phrase that I want to share some of my thinking regarding the purpose of the Journal.
Is There a Difference between Investing and Gambling? A Christian Perspective
Authors: Saunders Kent T.
Published: May 2024

To an economist, investment represents a mutually beneficial transfer of capital that fuels the engine of economic growth and leads to improved standards of living. A gamble tends to be an entertaining, zero-sum, short-term bet. The increasing popularity of a gambling culture along with increasing short-term speculation with derivative financial instruments has blurred the line between investing and gambling. This paper considers a biblical perspective on investment and gambling and seeks to delineate the two.
Poverty and Aid to the Poor: Scripture, Kuyper's Sphere Sovereignty and Entitlement Spending
Authors: Belcher Lawrence J.
Published: May 2024

Two difficult issues that the Christian community deals with are the existence of poverty in our communities and the appropriate balance of private and government solutions to the problem. These two issues often conflict with one another in the economic and political spheres in the form of government policies like entitlement programs. For these programs, type of program, recipients, size, funding and evaluation are issues that many believers struggle with. On the private side, should aid come from individuals or organizations like charities, churches or businesses? Poverty is a problem that has existed throughout human history, and it seems the debate as to how to address it has been around about as long.
Poverty and Aid to the Poor: A Dialogue
Authors: Bose Feler
Published: May 2024

I am thankful to the editor for giving me an opportunity to dialogue with the paper titled “Poverty and Aid to the Poor: Scripture, Kuyper’s Sphere Sovereignty and Entitlement Spending” by Dr. Lawrence J. Belcher. A chance to dialogue on this paper seemed like a great opportunity having recently completed a reading group with students where we discussed For the Least of These: A Biblical Answer to Poverty edited by Anne Bradley and Arthur Lindsley (2015) in addition to my plans to spend time this summer in a developing country.
Response to Poverty and Aid to the Poor by Lawrence Belcher
Authors: Beed Clive
Published: May 2024

Lawrence Belcher has written a comprehensive overview of the difference between the Biblical and current secular approaches to identifying causes of, and policies for, mitigating poverty in the United States. This response offers suggestions for how it might be more focused.
Poverty and Aid to the Poor - Reply
Authors: Belcher Lawrence J.
Published: May 2024

First, thanks go to Professor Feler Bose for taking the time to go through the paper and offer suggestions as to how the paper might be improved as well as areas in which the paper may not have captured all of the nuances of the topic. I will respond to these comments based on what the paper was trying to accomplish.
The Sacredness of the Marketplace
Authors: Cafferky Michael E.
Published: May 2024

Police respond to a call from a business where an angry customer has allegedly destroyed computer monitors, destroyed glass product cases, and physically attacked the cashier even after the employee offered to refund the customer’s money and replace the product at no charge. In another incident in a different city, a customer allegedly calls a cashier a profanity and the cashier allegedly retaliates by grabbing the customer by the hair and beating the person on the head. Other people come to the aid of the cashier. Other national news is created when customers are physically dragged off airplanes that have been overbooked. No shortage of examples exists.
Book Review, The Book That Made Your World: How the Bible Created the Soul of Western Civilization
Authors: Lesley Jenny
Published: May 2024

Chosen by World as one of the most important books of the decade, The Book That Made Your World carefully demonstrates how the Bible played a powerful part in the development of Western civilization. Written by an Indian philosopher and Christian, one of the central questions posed by the author is: If the word of God is true, then how was God’s promise that the Lord was going to bless all nations of the world through Abraham’s descendants (Genesis 12:1-3; Genesis 22:18) evidenced in the author’s home country? The answer is engaging and unusual.
Management Response to Laudato Si: An Operational Excellence Perspective
Authors: Urick Michael J. , Hisker William J. , Godwin Jeffrey L.
Published: May 2024

In Laudato Si (2015), a recent encyclical of Roman Catholic leader Pope Francis, many major modern world concerns are addressed that negatively impact the care for humanity’s common home. This paper summarizes Pope Francis’ major concerns with implications for businesses and organizational managers. This paper then advocates taking an operational excellence approach to respond to these concerns. In doing so, we make recommendations for managers in the four major themes of waste reduction, focus on people, focus on culture, and interrelatedness. We also suggest some areas for future research.
Profiles of Entrepreneurs: Discriminant and Cluster Analyses of the Romans 12 Motivational Gifts and Locus of Control as Predictors of Entrepreneurs
Authors: Knopf Lydia R. , Stone Gregory A. , Winston Bruce E.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this quantitative exploratory research was to conduct discriminant and cluster analyses to see if the Romans 12 motivational gifts and locus of control predict membership in the entrepreneurial member group and consequently discover motivational gift profiles of entrepreneurs. Four hundred business leaders participated. Both hypotheses were supported, revealing all seven motivational gifts predicted those who were entrepreneurial and those who were not. Five distinct entrepreneurial motivational gift mixes/profiles were established.
Toward a Theory of Biblical Leadership
Authors: Babyak Andrew T.
Published: May 2024

The Faith at Work Movement started in the 1980s to address the needs of Christians who felt like their life was being segmented between their work and faith (Miller, 2003). As Christians have been searching for meaning at work, they have accepted servant leadership as the ideal form of leadership because it has been taught as the leadership of Jesus (Niewold, 2007). In this paper, an ideological exegesis of Luke 9:57-62 reveals that the true leadership of Jesus does not fit into the construct of servant leadership. As a result of the ideological exegesis, this paper proposes a new theory of leadership needs to be developed for Christian leaders in secular organizations that could serve as a guide for Christian practitioners and advance the scholarly field of Christian leadership.
Belt and Road Initiative and International Political Economy: Convergence to Transformation from Liberal Globalization to Realist Globalization?
Authors: Kahraman Ali İhsan
Published: May 2024

This paper examines whether an association emerges between the tendencies of BRI and the international system in terms of globalization which is a good signal for the main characteristic of the international system. The paper has three sections. The first analyzes the tendencies of the international system, the second analyzes the convergence of BRI corridors, and the third discusses the emergence of association between BRI and the international system and the case of non-participants of BRI but effective countries in the international system. The coefficient of variation is used to determine convergence through the KOF Globalization Index-2022 due to its very effective separation between markets and states to support globalization. The conclusion indicates that the international system and BRI have an association in a transformation from liberal globalization to realist globalization while Italy, Germany, and the United Kingdom have a reverse transformation with their recent critical positions to BRI.
Budidaya Sayuran Organik Dalam Pemanfaatan Pekarangan Masyarakat di Dusun Lantan Duren
Authors: Jannah Wardatul , Dirawan Aria
Published: May 2024

Warga desa saat ini dihadapkan dengan permasalahan keterbatasan ketersediaan pangan berupa sayuran higienis dan organik. Masyarakat desa memiliki potensi lahan luas yang dapat digarap dan ditanami aneka jenis sayuran guna memenuhi kebutuhan dasar dalam bentuk sayuran organik dan murah. Sebagai upaya mengatasi kondisi tersebut budidaya sayuran organik di halaman rumah sebagai sebuh solusi mengatasi keterbatasan dan ketersediaan sayuran. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah metode sosialisasi dan pelatihan bertanam dengan teknik polybag yaitu mencakup persiapan, pelaksanaan, monitoring dan evaluasi. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu masyarakat pedesaan terutama ibu-ibu rumah tangga mendapatkan pengalaman dan ilmu tentang teknik budidaya sayuran organik, masyarakat desa memiliki potensi lahan luas yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan atau lokasi pertanian organik dengan teknik media tanam polybag atau sejenisnya, dari segi ekonomi masyarakat yang melakukan budidaya sayuran organik dapat menekan biaya pengeluaran untuk kebutuhan pangan sayuran serta dapat melakukan pola hidup sehat dengan mengkonsumsi sayuran organic dari alam.