bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Caucasus of the Second Half of the 19th Century through the Eyes of a Russian Merchant: From the Travel Notes of Mikhail Konstantinovich Sidorov
Authors: Komleva E. V.
Published: November 2023

The article studies a historical source that previously was not in the focus of research - travel notes of the outstanding Russian merchant of the 19th century, gold miner, and discoverer of the Northern Sea Route Mikhail Konstantinovich Sidorov, which he wrote during a trip to the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia in August – September 1878. It aims to analyze the notes, characterize their content, and reveal the information potential for further study of the processes that took place among the forming Russian bourgeoisie in the post-reform period and testifying to the interest of Russian capital in the study and economic development of the outskirts of the empire. The research relies on the intellectual history approach, which involves the study of the mentality, the emergence and subsequent transformation of various ideas and cultural orientations inherent in a particular social stratum, in this case, the Russian merchant class. The travelogue provides valuable information characterizing the methods of work of its author, who already had extensive experience in the exploration and development of ore and oil fields in Siberia and the lower reaches of the Pechora, in collecting and recording primary information about minerals located in the region, local mining and manufacturing enterprises, his range of interests and, to some extent, ideological attitudes (in particular, adherence to the ideals of the Russian Orthodox Church). The surviving notes are, first of all, a brief fixation of what was seen, necessary for subsequent comprehension and generalization in the form of articles and reports, as well as formulations of practical recommendations on the prospects for further economic development of the territories that recently became part of the Russian Empire. In addition to information about the economic capacities of the region, M. K. Sidorov’s notes reflect the author’s impressions of visiting several local towns and villages, exploring natural and historical attractions, communicating with residents of different ethnicities. As a whole, the source under consideration expands the anthology of diaries and memoirs known to date that have arisen among the Russian peasantry, contains information about the economic and socio-cultural state of the Caucasus in the second half of the 19th century, emphasizes the interest and active participation of Russian business circles in the study and economic development of the region.
Recent Progress of Remediating Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Using Layered Double Hydroxides as Super-Stable Mineralizer
Authors: Lin Tong , Wang Haoran , Shen Tianyang , Deng Zhuoqun , Chai Ruifa , Sun Xinyuan , Cui Dongyuan , An Sai , Chen Wei , Song Yu-Fei
Published: November 2023

Heavy metal contamination in soil, which is harmful to both ecosystem and mankind, has attracted worldwide attention from the academic and industrial communities. However, the most-widely used remediation technologies such as electrochemistry, elution, and phytoremediation. suffer from either secondary pollution, long cycle time or high cost. In contrast, in situ mineralization technology shows great potential due to its universality, durability and economical efficiency. As such, the development of mineralizers with both high efficiency and low-cost is the core of in situmineralization. In 2021, the concept of ‘Super-Stable Mineralization’ was proposed for the first time by Kong et al.[1] The layered double hydroxides (denoted as LDHs), with the unique host–guest intercalated structure and multiple interactions between the host laminate and the guest anions, are considered as an ideal class of materials for super-stable mineralization. In this review, we systematically summarize the application of LDHs in the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil from the view of: 1) the structure–activity relationship of LDHs in in situ mineralization, 2) the advantages of LDHs in mineralizing heavy metals, 3) the scale-up preparation of LDHs-based mineralizers and 4) the practical application of LDHs in treating contaminated soil. At last, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for the rational design of LDH-based mineralizer in the future.
Coupling of Dye Analysis and Compound Specific Radiocarbon (14C) Analysis (CSRA) in Heritage Sciences
Authors: Hendriks Laura , Blattmann Thomas , Haghipour Negar , Portmann Cyril
Published: November 2023

Natural organic dyes and pigments have been used for millennia to bring colour into our daily lives. Being sourced from a variety of natural sources, they form an extremely varied and large class of compounds, all of which retain the atmospheric 14CO2 of their year of growth. As such these compounds represent ideal candidates for radiocarbon (14C) dating, allowing the identification of or providing information towards the period in which the coloured artefact was created. However, up to now no such analysis has ever been conducted solely on organic colourants within an object. The complex nature of the samples and the sample size limitations with respect to precious and rare art artefacts requires innovative inter- and multidisciplinary approaches. Here we discuss preliminary results in the development of a compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) methodology for the analysis of anthraquinone derived red dyes extracted from dyed wool yarns. The aim of this research project is to introduce new routes to date cultural heritage objects, in particular to overcome their intrinsic complexity through the development of CSRA strategies.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN PAKU (PTERIDOPHYTA) DI CAGAR ALAM LHO FAT PHUN FIE KECAMATAN MONTERADO KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG
Authors: Darwati Herlina , Arianti Wiwid , Rifanjani Slamet , Marwanto Marwanto
Published: November 2023

Ferns is one kind of plants in Lho Fat Phun Fie Nature Reserve that has important function in forest ecosystem. This study aimed to describe the species of ferns and to obtain the value of ferns diversity index. This study was using a survey methode with multiple plot sampling technique. The plots placed purposively in areas where many types of ferns were found. The plot area used is 10 m x 10 m each 78 plot. The results showed that there were 19 species of 13 fern families. 19 spesies of fern were 17 types of terrestrial ferns and 2 types of epiphytic ferns. The highest important value index (INP) is the lemiding fern (Stenochlaena palustris), the dominance index value (C) was not dominant (0.21), the diversity index value (H’) is moderate (1,9) and the abundance index value (e) is high (0,6).Keywords: Diversity, Epiphytic ferns, Ferns, Terrestrial ferns.AbstrakTumbuhan paku merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang terdapat di Cagar Alam Lho Fat Phun Fie yang mempunyai peran penting terhadap ekosistem hutan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis tumbuhan paku dan mendapatkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan paku di Cagar Alam Lho Fat Phun Fie. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan teknik pengambilan contoh petak ganda. Petak pengamatan dibuat sebanyak 78 petak berukuran 10 m x 10 m yang diletakkan secara purposive berdasarkan keberadaan tumbuhan paku dan tutupan lahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 19 jenis tumbuhan paku yang termasuk dalam 13 famili. 19 jenis tersebut terdiri dari 17 jenis paku terestrial dan 2 jenis paku epifit. Nilai indeks nilai penting (INP) tertinggi adalah jenis paku lemiding (Stenochlaena palustris), nilai indeks dominansi (C) tumbuhan paku di Cagar Alam Lho Fat Phun Fie tergolong kecil atau tidak mendominansi (0,21), nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis (H’) tergolong sedang (1,9) dan nilai indeks kelimpahan (e) tergolong tinggi (0,6).Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman jenis, Paku epifit, Tumbuhan paku, Paku terestrial
The Role of Protons In and Around Biradicals for Cross-Effect Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
Authors: Chatterjee Satyaki , Venkatesh Amrit , Sigurdsson Snorri Thor , Mentink-Vigier Frederic
Published: November 2023

In magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization, biradicals such as bis-nitroxides are used to hyperpolarize protons under microwave irradiation through the cross-effect mechanism. This mechanism relies on electron-electron spin interactions (dipolar coupling and exchange interaction) and electron to nuclear spin interactions (hyperfine coupling) to hyperpolarize the protons surrounding the biradical. This hyperpolarization is then transferred to the bulk sample via nuclear spin diffusion. However, the involvement of the protons in the biradical in the cross-effect DNP process has been under debate. In this work, we address this question by exploring the hyperpolarization pathways in and around bis-nitroxides. We demonstrate that for biradicals with strong electron-electron interactions, as in the case of the AsymPols, the protons on the biradical may not be necessary to quickly generate hyperpolarization. Instead, such biradicals can efficiently, and directly, polarize the surrounding protons of the solvent. The findings should impact the design of the next generation of biradicals..
π-Radical Cascade to a Chiral Saddle-Shaped Peropyrene
Authors: Bernhardt Annika , Čavlović Daniel , Mayländer Maximilian , Blacque Olivier , Moreno Cruz Carlos , Richert Sabine , Juríček Michal
Published: November 2023

Reactions of open-shell molecular graphene fragments are typically thought of as undesired decomposition processes because they lead to the loss of desired features like π-magnetism. Oxidative dimerization of phenalenyl to peropyrene shows, however, that these transformations hold promise as a synthetic tool for making complex structures via formation of multiple bonds and rings in a single step. Here, we explore the feasibility of using this “undesired” reaction of phenalenyl to build up strain and provide access to non-planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. To this end, we designed and synthesized a diradical system with two phenalenyl units linked via a biphenylene backbone. The design facilitates an intramolecular cascade reaction to a helically twisted saddle-shaped product, where the key transformations—ring-closure and ring-fusion—occur within one reaction. The negative curvature of the final peropyrene product, resulting from the presence of an eight-membered ring, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and the helical twist was validated via resolution of the product’s enantiomers that display circularly polarized luminescence.
Preliminary Results showing Poor Potential of Thermo-catalytic Treatment towards Resource Recovery from Waste Biopolymers
Authors: parikh parimal , savani rutvik
Published: November 2023

Menace caused by littered plastics has become a common knowledge. Bio-derived or biocompostible or biodegradable polymers are advocated as a solution. Many reports have raised doubt about their environment-friendliness. Here we attempted several biopolymers to catalytically crack in presence of hydrogen over zeolite-based catalysts to explore if valuable products can be recovered. Very few polymers afforded appreciable liquid product yield. Gases generated neither condense at about 4 ºC nor dissolve in solvent like toluene, hexane, etc. Next, to bring the polymers in contact with the catalyst, we tried to dissolve them in various solvents. However, only some polymers dissolved in only γ-valerolactone (GVL). Due to the solvent, relatively more polymer converted into liquid product. Considerable aromatic yield was obtained from GVL- Cellulose acetate butyrate system. Though valuable liquid compounds were obtained, poor liquid yields and product concentrations raise a question mark on catalytic conversion method. Separation of products necessitates energy-intensive methods.
Guiding Transient Peptide Assemblies with Structural Elements Around Abiotic Phosphate Fuels
Authors: Pappas Charalampos , Pol Mahesh , Dai Kun , Thomann Ralf , Moser Sandra
Published: November 2023

Biochemical energy carriers, such as triphosphates (ATP, GTP) drive selective processes, by incorporating chemical information (Adenine vs. Guanine) in their structure. These recognition elements match with complex machineries through a variety of non-covalent interactions, enabling specific targeting of functions. In contrast, most approaches in non-equilibrium systems do not consider the structure of the fuel as a critical element to control the processes. Herein, we show that the amino acid side chains (A, F, Nap) in the structure of activated aminoacyl phosphate esters can direct assembly and reactivity in the context of non-equilibrium structure formation. We focus on the ways in which the activated amino acids guide structure formation and how structures and reactivity cross regulate when constructing different assemblies. Through the chemical functionalization of energy-rich aminoacyl phosphate esters, we are able to control the coupling yield to esters and thioesters upon adding dipeptides containing tyrosine or cysteine amino acid residues. The structural elements around the phosphate esters guide the lifetime of the structures formed and their supramolecular assemblies, which can further be influenced by the structure and reactivity of dipeptide substrates. Moreover, we demonstrate that an aminoacyl phosphate ester incorporating a tyrosine residue (Y) can autonomously generate a pool of high energy molecules, where dynamic oligomerization and de-oligomerization of esters occurs in a single step process. These findings suggest that activated amino acids with varying reactivity and energy contents can pave the way for designing and fabricating structured fuels
The Role of Umwelt in Animal Curiosity: A Within and Between Species Comparison of Novelty Exploration in Mongooses
Authors: Birchmeier Kristina , Johnson-Ulrich Lily , Stein Joana , Forss Sofia
Published: November 2023

In its broadest sense, curiosity has been described as an intrinsic motivation to acquire novel information; this ‘novelty-seeking’ is notably in the absence of any immediate reward. One way to examine information seeking in animals, has been to present animals with novel objects and measure the way animals gather information through exploration. While this is a standardized and common paradigm, few studies have focused on what factors influence how animals perceive novelty, whilst considering the predicted impacts of an animal’s ‘umwelt’ on exploration. In this study we assessed explorative behaviors in mongooses through both an intra and interspecific view. First, in meerkats (Suricata suricatta) tested in their natural environment, we established that they distinguish familiar from unfamiliar and show increased exploration of novel objects. We also found that odor influenced the meerkats’ explorative action, so that non-odorous items were manipulated longer. Presence of conspecifics influenced approaches to novelty, but not the exploration per se. Human presence interacted with an individual’s level of habituation to impact approaches and exploration of novelty and we found a strong captivity effect on exploration between captive and wild meerkats. Between species analysis showed that yellow mongooses (Cynictis penicillate), a less social mongoose than meerkats, showed higher levels of novelty exploration, when tested within the same habitat. Thus, these findings show that multiple factors, including perceptual abilities (merkwelt) and social factors (sozialwelt), are decisive for when and how animals explore their environment and must be considered both when designing novelty paradigm tests and their interpretations.
Orta Doğu’da Devletler Arası Askeri Anlaşmazlıkların Modellenmesi
Authors: ÇALIK TOPUZ Zuhal
Published: November 2023

Orta Doğu coğrafyası dünyanın çatışmalarla parçalanmış tek bölgesi olmamasına rağmen, uzun zamandır dünyanın en çatışmalı bölgelerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çatışmalar ve savaşlar, Orta Doğu’nun bölgesel sistemini derinden etkilemiştir. Çatışmalar ve savaşların olumsuz etkileri, devletler arası askeri anlaşmazlıkların nedenini anlamayı oldukça gerekli kılmaktadır. Devletler arası askeri anlaşmazlıklara yönelik tarihsel veri setlerinin varlığı ise askeri anlaşmazlıkların nicel yöntemlerle modellenmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada Marwala tarafından kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenen ve açıklanan yedi bağımsız değişken (ittifak, komşuluk, uzaklık, büyük güç, kapasite, demokrasi ve ekonomik bağımlılık) ile Orta Doğu’daki devletler arası askeri anlaşmazlıklar, lojistik regresyon analizi ile modellenmiştir. Nicel analiz sonuçlarına göre bu yedi değişkenden en çok ekonomik bağımlılık faktörü (negatif yönde) ve komşuluk faktörünün (pozitif yönde) Orta Doğu devletlerinin askeri anlaşmazlığı ile ilişkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Diğer bir ifadeyle, Orta Doğu devletlerinin ekonomik açıdan bağımlı olduğu devletler ile daha az ve komşularıyla daha fazla askeri anlaşmazlık yaşadığı anlaşılmıştır.
Development and verification of SCS network planning model
Authors: Tolstoluzkyi Yevhen , Berdnikov Anatoliy , Budko Vladyslava , Tolstoluzhskaya Elena , Moroz Olha
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, more and more services are moving into the digital space. Therefore, the number of projects related to information technology is growing. An IT project is a project with clear deadlines, its goal is to create a unique product. The project includes works related to technologies that include computing and communication processes, information and human resources. Project management is the process of creating and adjusting plans, controlling and allocating resources and tasks, creating a balance between project constraints for the entire period of its implementation. The longer the project, the more risks arise during its implementation. This can affect project development time, profit or loss. Therefore, the development of new automated solutions used for project management is an urgent issue, as such software computer models can help minimize time and calculate possible risks. The process that can be automated in scheduling is to create a network graph. This paper considers the possibility of automating the process of constructing a network graph using the technology of semantic-numerical specifications.
The use of principal component analysis for reduction of training load data in professional soccer
Authors: Nosek Perry , Sormaz Mladen , Andrew Matthew , Drust Barry , Brownlee Thomas
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study was to explore the use of principal component analysis (PCA) in understanding multivariate relationships in soccer training load data. Training load data were collected from 20 professional male soccer players during a 28-week in-season period. Twelve training load variables (total distance, PlayerLoadTM, low-speed running distance, moderate-speed running distance, high-speed running distance, sprint distance, moderate-speed running efforts, high-speed running efforts, sprint efforts, accelerations, decelerations, and changes of direction) were collected during training sessions, with correlation analysis revealing high intercorrelation between most variables (r = 0.04-0.98). Principal component analysis was performed on datasets containing all players and on individual players. On the whole dataset, two principal components were retained explaining a total of 81% of data variance. The first component comprised variables associated with distances in speed zones and the second component changes of direction. Whilst some individual variation existed among players, distances in speed zones were loaded on the first component and inertial movement analysis variables, such as accelerations, decelerations, and changes of direction, were loaded on the second component. These findings evidence the strong relationships between several common training load variables and highlight the risk of data redundancy. By selecting variables from each component, practitioners can reduce the number of variables reported whilst retaining as much of the variation in data as possible.
Iniciativas de produção e consumo de alimentos sustentáveis, água e energia em escala global
Authors: Dal Moro Leila , Pivoto Dieisson , Laimer Claudionor Guedes , Costa Carlos
Published: November 2023

Nos temas cruciais de alimentos, água e energia, é preciso pensar e agir do local ao global para criar iniciativas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento sustentável e a produção e consumo responsáveis. Nesse sentido, ao enfocar os três eixos, alimentação, água e energia, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar ações globais inerentes à produção e ao consumo sustentáveis ​​e, assim, contribuir para a Agenda 2030 que promove práticas sustentáveis. Esses objetivos foram alcançados por meio de uma abordagem em quatro etapas: (i) diagnosticar ações e iniciativas globais que atendem aos esforços de produção e consumo sustentável, (ii) identificar as localizações mundiais onde estão situadas, reorganização pelos eixos de água, alimentos e energia, (iii) categorização dentre países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento e, por fim, (iv) discussão sobre a importância dos três pilares da sustentabilidade (social, econômico e ambiental). Os resultados, desenvolvidos na Alemanha, destacam as diversas etapas inerentes ao processo, em particular o eixo energia.
Agroecologia e desenvolvimento sustentável: reflexões em tempos sindêmicos.
Authors: Silva Alexandre da , Godoy Wilson Itamar
Published: November 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir uma reflexão sobre elementos inerentes ao pensamento agroecológico, a partir de uma realidade de crise que tem uma parcela na esfera ambiental e que está imbricada nas questões de desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade. O contexto do trabalho se desenvolve a partir do ano de 2020, o qual apresentou um cenário completamente novo para a humanidade da geração atual: uma pandemia promovida pela doença Covid-19. Tal intento ganha em importância dado o cenário apresentado e a urgência de se (re)pensar sobre o planeta no qual vivemos e as sociedades nas quais estamos inseridos. Para tanto, o trabalho segue estruturado demonstrando a lógica de sindemia (sinergia entre elementos econômicos, sociais, políticos e ambientais com um cenário de pandemia) e uma revisão acerca da pertinência do conceito de sociedade de risco; na sequência apresenta as reflexões acerca da agroecologia nessa miríade e, por fim, tece suas considerações finais salientando a necessidade de uma transição para um caminho diferente com base em princípios mais capazes de mitigar ou resistir a crises futuras - sejam surtos de pragas, pandemias, distúrbios climáticos ou colapsos financeiros; dessa forma construindo um caminho de desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade.
Exploring the Practices on Macro Skills Integrated Assessment in Philippine Higher Education Context:Basis in Designing a Language Training Material
Authors: Raymundo Jennelyn Lacar
Published: November 2023

Despite the great number of studies on separated skills assessment in measuring language performance, integrated assessment has recently been occupying a significant place as educational paradigm shift continues to uphold a more skills-oriented language assessment scheme. This research determined the practices on integrated assessment of macro skills in English as a Second Language (ESL) classes to subsequently design a Language Training Program (LTP) and material appropriate to teachers’ needs. It followed the design of a Type I developmental research which includes multilevel stages of instructional development such as analysis, design, implementation and evaluation. Nevertheless, this paper only reports the analysis phase of the research due to its longitudinal nature and the multifaceted analysis of the qualitative data. It utilized interview and document analysis as initial research instruments. The participants of the study were language teachers and learners selected via total enumeration and purposive sampling, respectively. As a result, the research accentuates the need to improve the employment of stimulus-related and thematically linked tasks as equally significant features defining the practice of integrated assessment in language classrooms.
Complexities of Authentic Assessment Implementation in English Learning at Rural Areas-Based High Schools
Authors: Daud Afrianto , Azhar Fadly , Isjoni Isjoni , Chowdhury Raqib
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to examine the level of the implementation of authentic assessment by high school English teachers in a rural area of Siak district, Riau Province, Indonesia, and to explore their perception regarding authentic assessment. This research used a mixed method in which both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed. The research samples were 39 high school English teachers in the Siak region. The research instrument used is a questionnaire comprising 38 closed and three open questions, distributed online via Google Forms. The questionnaire was designed using Likert Scale with options ranging from 1-5 (very poor to very good) Data were also collected using semi-structured interviews to enrich data from the Google Form. This study found that the total average score of quantitative data is 4.1, classified as good. That means the implementation of authentic assessment by English teachers is at a good level. Then from the qualitative data analysis, it appeared that most teachers have a positive perception of authentic assessment as a tool for monitoring and evaluating student learning outcomes. However, there are still some problems faced by the teachers in implementing this assessment, such as the lack of time allotment for the English subject at school and the complexity of the assessment procedures. This implies that some policies are required to make the authentic assessment work well at school levels so teachers can benefit from the assessment for improving English learning at schools.
The impact of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Approach on Students’ Speaking Ability in a Public Indonesian University: Comparison between Introverts and Extrovert Groups
Authors: Nggawu La Ode , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research is to explore the effect of implementing the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) Approach on the speaking ability of students-. The sample size for this study comprises 46 students representing the introvert class and the extrovert class, selected based on the results obtained from the distribution of questionnaires. To conduct the study, an experimental design was employed, which involved gathering quantitative data from the students' responses to the distributed questionnaire, as well as conducting pre-tests and post-tests to assess their speaking abilities. In order to analyze the collected data, the researcher utilized the SPSS program (Statistical Program for Social Science) for precise and efficient processing, generating various necessary outputs to draw meaningful conclusions. The findings of this study strongly indicate a positive impact of implementing the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) model on the speaking abilities of introverted students. The results not only demonstrate the effectiveness of CLT in the speaking class but also align with previous research in the field. the incorporation of CLT in the speaking class positively impacts the speaking abilities of both introverted and extroverted students. However, a slight distinction can be observed in terms of the extent of improvement between the two groups, with the extrovert class showing a more notable progress. Recognizing and accommodating the diverse learning styles and preferences of students can help create a comprehensive and inclusive learning environment that fosters growth and development for all learners, regardless of their personality traits
EFFICACY OF HERBICIDES IN ONION PRODUCTION UNDER NORTHERN PRE-CASPIAN CONDITIONS
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, BONDARENKO A.N.
Published: November 2023

The irrigated conditions of the Lower Volga region are characterised by long, very hot and often dry summers, which are favourable both for vegetables and for the development of weeds. Weed growth is a major cause of crop obscuration, pest and disease infestation, and yield loss. The main objective of the study was to develop an economically viable and effective system for protecting bulb onions from annual weeds under drip irrigation in the arid climate of the Astrakhan region. The results of testing the herbicides Goal 2E, KE and Lazurite, SP based on the active substance metribuzine in irrigated land use conditions of Рrесаsрiаn Аgrаriаn Fеdеrаl Sсiеntifiс Сеntеr оf Russiаn Асаdеmу оf Sсiеnсеs for the period from 2020 to 2022 are presented. Among the weeds present were: a bluish, thrown-back cheek, milkweed, garden swan, wheatgrass, field finch, common solyanka (kurai), gorchak. Herbicide treatment significantly reduced the number of weeds in the onion crop, especially in the varieties where Lazurite, SP was used. The elimination of weed vegetation contributed to the formation of sufficiently high commercial yields of the crop. The maximum commercial yields of 88.0 t/ha and 91.0 t/ha were obtained in the variants with joint application of Lazurite, SP + Aminovit.
TO THE ISSUE OF GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF PROLIFICACY IN SHEEP
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, SELIONOVA М.I. , AYBAZOV А. М.М.
Published: November 2023

Most sheep breeds are low-prolific, which, along with other reasons, leads to low profitability of the industry. In intensive systems of industrial sheep breeding, high prolificacy of sheep can increase the efficiency of sheep production. Cross-breeding of low-prolific breeds with highrolific breeds has been the main means of genetic improvement of prolificacy, while intra-breed selection has been considered relatively ineffective due to low heritability of the trait. Mutations that reliably affect ovulation rate and hence lamb numbers have been found in several breeds around the world in genes designated as “major genes”. Most of these mutations are mapped in genes related to the TGFβ superfamily. Genotyping for these major genes permits the use of a markerssisted selection method for crossbreeding to introduce useful mutations into new breeds. Mitochondrial DNA analysis, whole genome association studies (GWAS), whole genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis and proteomic studies of high- and low-prolific sheep have identified additional genetic variations with moderate or minor effects on prolificacy. Using information on polymorphisms in these “medium genes” and “minor genes” may facilitate selection work for higher prolificacy within a particular production system. Although high prolificacy is associated with a risk of pregnancy toxicosis, increased embryonic mortality, reduced lamb survival in early postnatal ontogeny, and a high risk of shortening the productive longevity of sheep, the prospect is to identify a set of genes with moderate effects on prolificacy.
IMPORTANCE OF AGROCHEMICAL SUPPORT IN THE TRANSITION TO A SUSTAINABLE FARMING MODEL
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, MITROFANOV S.V. , ORLOVA N.V. , BOGDANCHIKOV I.YU. , CHAPLYGIN M.E. , SHEVCHUK A.A.
Published: November 2023

This work is devoted to studying the role of agrochemical support in the transition to a sustainable farming model, identifying promising areas of research within the framework of this concept. It has been established that agrochemical support plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security. The use of agrochemicals and pesticides has a significant effect on increasing crop yields, improving crop quality and protecting plants from pests and diseases. However, the intensification of agriculture in some cases leads to increased production losses, as well as anthropogenic pollution of the environment and food, which can lead to human diseases, including cancer, infertility, stillbirth, and nervous system problems. The use of agrochemicals and pesticides has a significant impact on increasing crop yields, improving crop quality and protecting crops from pests and diseases. However, agricultural intensification in some cases leads to increased production losses, as well as anthropogenic pollution of the environment and food, which can lead to human diseases, including cancer, infertility, stillbirths and nervous system problems. The analysis of scientific research has shown that in order to create a sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to pay more attention to the development and adoption of alternative farming methods: methods based on the maximum use of biological factors; technologies that ensure a deficit-free humus balance; varietal technologies that allow for the maximum realisation of the genetic potential of varieties; geospatial methods and equipment for the precision application of chemicals to ensure their effectiveness; the use of fertiliser additives (biostimulants, nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors) that increase their efficiency and reduce theirthe negative impact on the environment; innovative methods of fertilisation and plant protection that ensure the preservation of soils, environment, animals, as well as the human health and safety.
Factorial Validity and Reliability of a Food Behavior Checklist for Japanese Pregnant and Postpartum Women
Authors: Fujita Megumi , Yamaguchi Sanae , Banna Jinan , Suzuki Asuka
Published: November 2023

Background: Dietary education programs for pregnant and postpartum Japanese women are conducted during health check-ups and in childbirth education classes, but there is no tool to evaluate their food behavior. Therefore, this study examined the factorial validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency of the food behavior checklist (FBC) for pregnant and postpartum Japanese women.
Subjects and Method: This was a longitudinal study. We screened 4,000 women aged 18–45 years who were either pregnant or nursing an infant aged <1 years and enrolled in Freeasy, a platform with 4.5 million panels. Data were collected from 97 pregnant women and 203 postpartum women through an online survey. They completed the 21-item FBC on a web survey twice at an interval of 3 weeks. After performing principal component analyses, internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s α. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa (κ) coefficient were calculated to assess the test–retest reliability.
Results: There were 21 items loaded on six factors (fruit and vegetable quantity, vegetable variety, balanced fish and meat intake, sweetened beverages, eating habits, and food consciousness). Cronbach’s α for the total scale was 0.77. ICC for the test–retest reliability of individual items ranged from 0.35 to 0.62, and ICC for the total scale was 0.62. The κ coefficient values ranged from 0.26 to 0.52, indicating fair-to-moderate strength of agreement between the test and retest.
Conclusion: The FBC demonstrated factorial validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency, indicating its potential application in evaluating the effects of the dietary education programs on pregnant and postpartum women, which include taking a staple meal, folic acid, and avoiding raw food consumption. This compact tool can be conveniently used by midwives and provide practical guidance during maternal health check-ups.
Keywords: pregnant, postpartum, dietary, checklist, reproducibility.
Correspondence: Megumi Fujita. Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida Nishi Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan. Email: f.megumi@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp Mobile: + 81 23-628-5443.
ON INTERFERENCE IN THE FORMATION OF PLURAL FORMS IN THE RUSSIAN SPEECH OF ITALIANS
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Trubina Ol’ga B.
Published: November 2023

The article is about the observation of the interfering influence of the Italian language on the formation of plural forms in the Russian speech of Italians, which can lead to the erroneous formation of plural forms from the Russian words singularia tantum. The purpose of this study is to establish the main linguistic causes existing in the Russian and Italian languages, which are the basis for the occurrence or absence of such type of interference and related errors; which, in turn, allows us to understand the nature of errors in the speech of non-native speakers. The research was conducted on the material of authentic translated texts written by Italians for educational and other purposes. The relevance of the topic is due, on the one hand, to the frequency of the formation of plural forms from the words singularia tantum in the Russian speech of Italians; on the other hand, the need for a clear understanding of the linguistic nature of such errors. It is important to emphasize the unsystematic nature of the formation of number forms in nouns in Russian and Italian, as well as the unsystematic nature of grammatical litters describing the category of numbers in bilingual and explanatory dictionaries, which creates a significant methodological difficulty.
CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PRACTICE OF TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Veselovskaya Tat’yana S.
Published: November 2023

In the context of increasing intercultural interaction in education, the knowledge of specific features in other cultures and the ability to use the tools enabling more effective intercultural communication in the educational process is of particular importance. The concept of cultural intelligence is aimed at successful intercultural communication, but now its description in the field of language learning is fragmentary. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept of cultural intelligence and to highlight characteristics relevant to teaching a foreign language (on the example of Russian as a foreign language). The paper describes the concept of cultural intelligence, as well as the main directions of the application of the theory in an educational context (from the teacher’s perspective, from the student’s perspective and from the teaching materials’ perspective). The study’s novelty is related to the analysis of learning materials for their potential to have a meaningful impact on the level of cultural intelligence of students. Comprehensive understanding of the above- mentioned issues allow highlighting the key areas of empirical research that exist now, as well as outlining the prospects for further research. Thereupon, of particular interest are the studies of cultural intelligence and ethnic identity of students in the context of the mutual influence of these parameters on the organization of the educational process and academic results of students
The paramedics’ pledge: a short commentary on its inception and development
Authors: Hill Lawrence , Eaton Georgette
Published: November 2023

This article discusses the creation and evolution of a unifying pledge designed to encapsulate the identity of paramedics and convey the essence of belonging to this professional group.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A CATALYST FOR EMPLOYMENT: NAVIGATING THE UNEMPLOYMENT CHALLENGE IN LEBANON’S PRIVATE SECTOR
Authors: El Annan Saher H. , Haidoura Hani M.
Published: November 2023

This study shows the importance of entrepreneurship as a countermeasure, notably in the private sector, against a backdrop of growing unemployment and institutional failures in Lebanon. The main goal is to validate the link empirically and intellectually between entrepreneurship and lower unemployment. The research relies on primary data acquired via an internet survey and employs a qualitative technique with an exploratory-descriptive design. This instrument, which included a variety of question types, gathered information from a broad group of 150 participants, including managers, entrepreneurs, and the jobless, who were chosen using convenience sampling. The study's key findings demonstrate that entrepreneurship reduces unemployment significantly. It indicates three essential results, in particular: entrepreneurship immediately reduces unemployment rates, it reduces individuals' turnover inclinations, thus stabilizing employment, and it promotes self-employment, further reducing unemployment pressures. These findings not only highlight entrepreneurship's complex impact on employment dynamics but also advocate for its potential as a strategic lever in alleviating Lebanon's unemployment crisis.
THE CHALLENGES OF MANAGING TAX COMPLIANCE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A CASE OF BOTSWANA
Authors: M. Monyake Jane , Maswabi Tshepo , Gangappa Kuruba
Published: November 2023

Managing tax compliance issues proved to be a complex administrative task for many developing countries, especially in Africa. These challenges lie in conceptual definition of tax compliance and noncompliance. Randlane (2015) complains that the absence of universal definition for tax compliance and tax noncompliance makes it difficult to differentiate compliant behavior from non-compliant behavior. This paper explores tax compliance management strategies which developing countries can learn from and benchmark against. The study employs a content analysis method and taps from scholarly journals and articles from different time periods, the most recent being 2022. It adopts Randlane (2015) Simplified Model of Tax Compliance to investigate the strategic approaches that simplify management of tax compliance and factors that influence compliant decisions and choices. The framework provides some helpful insights by distinguishing the three thronged strategic approach of enforcement, service and trust, and the factors that must be closely considered when developing tax compliance management strategies that might help mitigate the major challenges confronting developing countries like Botswana. The paper also explores search words such as tax compliance, tax noncompliance, tax evasion, tax avoidance, hut tax, and shadow economies. The paper concludes that no single strategic approach effectively and sustainably manages tax compliance issues. Further, that voluntary compliance remains an illusion Manhire (2015) and Gildenhuys, 1997 cited in Botlhale (2019) because compliance has nothing to do with taxpayer willingness to pay or not to pay taxes as it is an outcome that has already been achieved voluntarily or by force Randlane (2015).
Retroniquia sin paroniquia: un reto diagnóstico
Authors: Botello Mojica Heliana Marcela , Bonelo Castro Angie Daniela , Chamorro Enriquez Julian Andres , Jaramillo Ayerbe Felipe
Published: November 2023

La retroniquia es el enclavamiento de la lámina ungueal en el pliegue ungueal proximal donde se presentan dos o más generaciones de láminas ungueales superpuestas bajo dicho pliegue. Está principalmente relacionada con micro traumas locales. El diagnóstico es clínico y en casos difíciles es útil el uso de la ecografía para la confirmación y/o descarte de otras patologías. El tratamiento definitivo es la avulsión quirúrgica de la lámina ungueal. Es frecuentemente infradiagnosticada ya que su forma de presentación más común es la paroniquia crónica que no responde a los tratamientos convencionales; sin embargo, cuando no se manifiesta de esta manera, como en nuestro caso, el enfoque clínico se dificulta por lo cual se pueden emplear ayudas imagenológicas que permitan un mejor abordaje de la patología.
El colega como paciente
Authors: Maya Mejia Jose Maria
Published: November 2023

Un médico general de provincia, consulta a un médico oftalmólogo por un problema visual que lo aqueja y que esta afectando su desempeño día a día. Solicita una consulta a pagar por el sistema de medicina prepagada al cual está afiliado. A pesar de identificarse como médico no logra una cita con buena oportunidad y al asistir a la misma se encuentra que a pesar de ser colega del oftalmólogo, debe cancelar el copago exigido. Al preguntar si como colega del médico tratante no tiene exención del copago y le contestan que esa excepción de cobro de servicios médicos a los colegas quedó abolida con el advenimiento y desarrollo del sistema de seguridad social en salud que el país adoptó hace unas décadas. El médico paciente paga con malestar el copago exigido y al regresar a su hospital, se queja de la falta de colegaje de su médico tratante.Decide consultar su caso a un comité de ética médica de la región.
El Banco Central de la República Argentina: controversias en torno al Plan de estabilización Austral durante el gobierno de Raúl Alfonsín (1983-1985)
Authors: Rossi Ignacio
Published: November 2023

Los trabajos específicos de historia económica sobre la etapa de Alfonsín (1983-1985) son escasos, específicamente aquellos que se ocupan de reinterpretar el Plan Austral y el rol del Banco Central de la República Argentina (BCRA) en aquel entonces. En este trabajo proponemos analizar la visión de la institución respecto de la coyuntura económica mundial, nacional y específicamente del Plan Austral. Metodológicamente, relevamos de forma exhaustiva la memoria del año 1985 del Banco, atendiendo a las variables económicas principales y a las claves interpretativas que se realizaron sobre la coyuntura histórica de los años 80. Pudimos observar cómo, a pesar de haber entendido al Plan Austral como un programa de reforma económica, excediendo así su carácter de plan antiinflacionario, e inscripto al mismo en la llegada de un contexto internacional favorable, los funcionarios del BCRA presentaron importantes limitaciones en su visión que daban cuenta de las incertidumbres de la coyuntura histórica.
A evolução da pecuária bovina no Brasil
Authors: Luna Francisco Vidal , S. Klein Herbert
Published: November 2023

Assim como em outros segmentos da agricultura brasileira, nos últimoscinquenta anos ocorreram transformações extraordinárias na pecuária. Atividadetradicional estabelecida no país desde o início da colonização, caracterizava-se atérecentemente pela criação extensiva e de baixa produtividade. Embora a pecuáriaargentina apresentasse características similares, no final do século XIX essa atividademodernizou-se na Argentina, mas o Brasil permaneceu um produtor tradicional.No entanto, atualmente o Brasil apresenta uma atividade agrícola moderna e capazde ocupar posição de destaque no mercado internacional de proteína animal. Opaís possui o maior rebanho bovino do mundo e grandes rebanhos de frangos esuínos. Por sua vez, é o maior exportador mundial de carne bovina, com participaçãode um quarto nas exportações mundiais. Lidera também o comércio decarne de frango e ocupa a terceira posição nas exportações de carne de porcoprocessada. Como e por que essas mudanças ocorreram, e como se comparam comas ocorridas na Argentina são as questões que examinamos neste ensaio.
Os Correios Marítimos portugueses: logística e alguns resultados financeiros (1798-1803)
Authors: Valle Salvino Romulo
Published: November 2023

Em 1798, como parte das reformas postais conduzidas por D. Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, Portugal implantou as primeiras linhas oficiais de transporte de correspondência entre Lisboa e seus domínios ultramarinos. O sistema combinava inicialmente o uso de embarcações mercantes e de guerra com dois circuitos de paquetes que atendiam os principais portos americanos. Entretanto, em 1803, as viagens dos paquetes foram interrompidas, tendo sido reiniciadas, com outra configuração, apenas depois da vinda da família real para o Rio de Janeiro.  O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre essa mudança e, com base em documentos sob guarda de diversos arquivos e em anúncios dos periódicos lisboetas, conclui que não só fatores logísticos, mas também econômico-financeiros estiveram por trás das decisões então adotadas.