bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KELAPA SAWIT PETANI PLASMA ANGGOTA KKPA (KREDIT KOPERASI PRIMER KEPADA ANGGOTA) DI PT. SARI ADITYA LOKA 1 KABUPATEN MERANGIN PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Siregar Agustina , Damayanti Yusma , Elwamendri Elwamendri
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan kemitraan Kredit Koperasi Primer Kepada Anggota (KKPA) dan menganalisis pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit petani plasma anggota KKPA di PT. Sari Aditya Loka 1.Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan selama 5 bulan mulai bulan Januari sampai Juni 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pola kemitraan Kredit Koperasi Primer Anggota (KKPA) oleh PT. Sari Aditya Loka 1 pada petani plasma anggota KKPA di Kabupaten Merangin Provinsi Jambi, untuk menganalisis pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit petani plasma anggota KKPA di PT. Sari Aditya Loka 1 Kabupaten Merangin Provinsi Jambi.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survey. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan responden dan data keuangan serta teknis lapangan PT. Sari Aditya Loka 1. Sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari instansi-instansi terkait seperti Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jambi, Dinas Perkebunan Kota Jambi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem kemitraan yang dilakukan oleh PT. Sari Aditya Loka 1 adalah sistem KKPA dimana perusahaan inti dan petani dalam wadah koperasi untuk meningkatkan pendapatan para anggota melalui kredit jangka panjang dari bank. Pendapatan yang diterima oleh petani plasma anggota KKPA PT. Sari Aditya Loka 1 sebesar Rp. 1.545.255,26/petani/ha/bulan.Disarankan kepada Perusahaan agar melakukan pelatihan dan pembinaan pengurus KUD dan pengurus kelompok tani sangat diharapkan dalam kemitraan dan diharapkan adanya transparansi data pemotongan rutin dari pihak KUD terhadap petani plasma anggota KKPA agar petani mengetahui besaran hasil yang mereka terima setiap bulannya.

Kata Kunci : Kemitraan, Pendapatan, Petani Plasma anggota KKPA
Short and long-term correlation of social security expenditure and human development: Turkish model
Authors: Tasci Kenan , Tatli Halim
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between social security expenditures (SSE) and human development in Turkey between 1990 and 2014. The main variables of the analysis include the proportion of social security expenditures in gross domestic product (GDP) for social security expenditures and the re-calculated real Human Development Index (HDI) values, with data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) for human development. In doing so, the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test for co-integration is employed. It has been seen upon conclusion of the analysis that social security expenditures are positively affecting human development on a significant level, in both the short- and long-term.
Practice of Knowledge Management for retention of intellectual knowledge in small and medium enterprises
Authors: Magableh Ashraf Khaled
Published: May 2018

The research will explore and identify the components of knowledge management including knowledge components, knowledge management process, Information technology (IT) and organization / corporate culture eliciting and depicting tacit and explicit knowledge. Further, the research will include the both qualitative and quantitative research implementing ethnographic methodology and online survey and open-ended interview with relevant intellectuals. Additionally, knowledge management is considered as value added to data, personnel perception, and fundamental of knowledge and the knowledge management process will consist of three distinct sub-processes i.e. create, disseminate, and incorporate. Finally, the report will focus on four distinct divisions of knowledge sub-processes for example knowledge creation and acquisition, knowledge organization and retention, knowledge dissemination, and knowledge utilization to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of small and medium enterprises.
Alternative finishing strategies for Holstein-Friesian bulls slaughtered at 15 months of age
Authors: Murphy Brian , Kelly Alan K , Prendiville Robert
Published: May 2018

The aim was to establish the optimum finishing strategy (FS) for dairy bulls slaughtered at 15 months. Sixty spring-born calves were assigned to one of four FS. The FS were split into two phases; pasture (PAS) from mid-August to housing (P1) and finished indoors on concentrates ad libitum plus straw for 209 d (P2). Treatment 1 (T1) was offered PAS in P1 and 800 g kg-1 barley (BAR), 140 g kg-1 soya bean meal (SBM), 40 g kg-1 molasses and 20 g kg-1 minerals (B) in P2. Treatments 2 (T2) and 3 (T3) were offered 3 kg dry matter (DM) of B per head daily at PAS. In P2, T2 was offered B while T3 was offered 400 g kg-1 BAR, 400 g kg-1 maize meal, 140 g kg-1 SBM, 40 g kg-1 molasses and 20 g kg-1 minerals (BM). In P1 treatment 4 (T4) was offered 3 kg DM of BM per head daily at PAS and 750 g kg-1 BAR, 140 g kg-1 SBM, 50 g kg-1 rumen protected fat, 40 g kg-1 molasses and 20 g kg-1 minerals in P2. Finishing strategy did not affect lifetime average daily gain or carcass conformation. Fat score tended (p=0.0514) to be greater for T3 than T1 and T4.
Acknowledgements
Authors: Puhakainen Tuula
Published: May 2018

Agricultural and Food Science expresses its sincere thanks to the following referees for their constructive criticalreviews of one or more manuscripts during the year 2017.
Johtamisen hyvät käytännöt sähköisten omahoitopalveluiden käyttöönotossa
Authors: Kujala Sari , Hörhammer Iiris , Ervast Minna , Kolanen Heta , Rauhala Minna
Published: May 2018

ODA (Omat digiajan hyvinvointipalvelut) ja Virtuaalisairaala 2.0 -hankkeet kehittävät Suomeen uusia kansalaisille suunnattuja sähköisiä omahoitopalveluita. Sähköiset palvelut muuttavat terveysammattilaisten työtä ja aiheuttavat usein myös vastustusta. Uusien palveluiden onnistunut käyttöönotto niiden suunnittelusta ja kokeilusta vakiintuneeseen käyttöön asti vaatii, että muutokset tuodaan organisaatioon suunnitellusti. Tässä tutkimuksessa tunnistettiin käyttöönoton hyviä käytäntöjä tutkimuskirjallisuuden sekä ODA ja Virtuaalisairaala 2.0 -hankkeiden kokemusten perusteella sekä arvioitiin käytäntöjen toteutumista näissä hankkeissa. ODA-hankkeesta kartoitettiin kyselyllä siihen osallistuvien 14 sosiaali- ja terveysalan organisaation esimiesten ja johtajien (n=478) odotuksia Omaolo-palvelukokonaisuuden käyttöönotosta. Virtuaalisairaala 2.0 -hankkeen käyttöönottokokemuksia kerättiin haastattelemalla neljää Terveyskylän eri taloprojektin projektipäällikköä tai -koordinaattoria. Tulosten perusteella kokemukset käyttöönoton onnistumista tukevista käytännöistä ovat hyvin samansuuntaisia suomalaisissa hankkeissa sekä kansainvälisissä tutkimuksissa. Hyviksi käytännöiksi nousivat esimerkiksi selkeän vision ja tavoitteiden kommunikointi, johdon tuki, tehokas tiedottaminen palvelun käyttöönotosta ja sen hyödyistä sekä ammattilaisten ja asiantuntijoiden osallistuminen suunnitteluun. ODA-kyselyn tulosten mukaan käyttöönoton hyvät käytännöt eivät olleet kovin laajassa käytössä suomalaisissa sote-organisaatioissa. Tutkimuksessa tunnistetut hyvät käytännöt antavat vinkkejä käyttöönottotiimeille sekä johtajille ja esimiehille siitä, miten käyttöönoton voi toteuttaa suunnitelmallisemmin ja samalla tukea käyttöönoton onnistumista. Esimiehet ovat tärkeässä roolissa uusien sähköisten palveluiden organisaationlaajuisessa käyttöönotossa ja tunnistettuja käytäntöjä on tarkoitus hyödyntää esimiesten koulutuksen kehittämisessä.
Hoitohenkilökunnan rooli potilaiden motivoinnissa ja ohjaamisessa terveydenhuollon sähköisten palveluiden käyttöön
Authors: Karisalmi Nina , Kaipio Johanna , Kujala Sari
Published: May 2018

Terveydenhuollon sähköisten palveluiden määrä on lisääntynyt merkittävästi. Potilaiden odotetaan osallistuvan aktiivisemmin hoitoonsa, mutta erityisesti kroonisesti sairaat käyttävät sähköisiä palveluita terveitä harvemmin. Kansainvälisten tutkimusten mukaan hoitohenkilökunnan motivointi ja tuki vaikuttavat merkittävästi potilaiden halukkuuteen ja kyvykkyyteen käyttää terveydenhuollon sähköisiä palveluita.

Tässä artikkelissa raportoidaan tuloksia verkkokyselystä, jossa tutkittiin, millaista tukea ja ohjausta kroonisesti sairaat potilaat saavat ja toisaalta toivovat hoitohenkilökunnalta terveydenhuollon sähköisten palveluiden käyttöön. Kyselyssä potilaita pyydettiin arvioimaan, miten hoitohenkilökunta on ohjannut heitä sähköisten palveluiden käyttöön kertomalla palveluista, kannustamalla käyttämään niitä ja neuvomalla niiden käyttöä. Lisäksi kyselyllä selvitettiin, millaisia sähköisiä palveluja potilaat haluavat tulevaisuudessa käyttää. Kyselyyn vastasi 397 sydän-, diabetes- ja syöpäpotilasta.

Suurin osa kyselyyn vastanneista potilaista oli käyttänyt vähintään yhtä terveydenhuollon sähköistä palvelua (92 %) ja eniten näitä palveluja käytettiin tiedon etsimiseen. Palvelujen käyttö perustui suurimmaksi osaksi potilaiden omaan aloitteeseen ja hoitohenkilökunnan rooli potilaiden motivoinnissa ja ohjauksessa jäi pieneksi. Alle puolet vastaajista (47 %) raportoi hoitohenkilökunnan kertoneen heille terveydenhuollon sähköisistä palveluista. Palvelujen käyttöön hoitohenkilökunta oli kannustanut noin kolmannesta (30 %) tai opastanut vielä harvempaa (21 %). Alle kolmannes vastaajista koki, ettei tarvitse apua tai tukea terveydenhuollon sähköisten palvelujen käyttöön, mutta monet toivoivat hoitohenkilökunnalta aktiivisempaa otetta palveluista tiedottamisessa sekä palveluiden käytön neuvomisessa ja kannustamisessa. Tulevaisuudessa potilaat ovat halukkaita käyttämään erityisesti käytännöllistä sähköistä ajanvarausta sekä uusia, helppoja yhteydenpitokanavia hoitohenkilökunnan kanssa. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella pelkkä terveydenhuollon sähköisten palvelujen määrän lisääminen ei riitä, vaan aktiivisetkin potilaat tarvitsevat enemmän tietoa palveluista ja tukea niiden käyttöön.
Thermal imaging in skin trauma evaluation: observations by CAT S60 mobile phone
Authors: Alametsä Jarmo , Oikarainen Markku , Perttunen Jarmo , Viik Jari , Vaalasti Annikki
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability of a mobile phone with inbuilt thermal camera in wound imaging for medical purposes. Thermal imaging could help in evaluating wound healing and in assisting doctors in diagnose making. By using CAT S60 smart phone with an inbuilt Flir thermal camera, thermal pictures from skin wounds and lower limbs were taken from six people in order to find out if thermal imaging could help the treatment and diagnosis of a patient. Thermal images were taken in order to find and visualize temperature changes (being normally invisible) in skin damage areas including deep skin damages especially from limbs and extremities.

By using thermal imaging the beginning of treatment could be hastened and the monitoring of the state of a patient would be more efficient thus improving the prognosis of a patient. The thermal pictures taken from skin damages suggest that thermal imaging with CAT S60 smart phone can be used to improve nursing methods and may also help in diagnosis. Non-invasive thermal imaging may be a valuable asset and for its part hasten the beginning of treatment. The resolution and properties of CAT S60 smart phone was sufficient to detect skin damage temperature changes. This may suggest the usage of the CAT S60 smart in hospital, emergency ward and in home care services.
The Digi-NewB project for preterm infant sepsis risk and maturity analysis
Authors: Värri Alpo , Kallonen Antti , Helander Elina , Ledesma Andres , Pladys Patrick
Published: May 2018

It is known from the literature that the careful analysis of the heart rate variability of a preterm infant can be used as a predictor of sepsis. The Digi-NewB project aims at collecting a database of at least 750 preterm infants including physiological signals, video and clinical observations. These data are used to design a decision support system for the early detection of sepsis and for the evaluation of the infant maturity. The preparation of the data for the exploratory analysis has turned out to be time-consuming. 190 infants have been recorded by March 2018 and of these, the R-R interval analysis of the ECG signals has been completed of 136 infants. The results of the project are still preliminary but seven heart rate variability parameters have been found to be different in preterm and full-term infants with a P value less than 0.01. The video analysis algorithm detecting the presence of personnel or relatives reached 96.8% of sensitivity and 95.1% of specificity.
Physicians as usability evaluators – first aid for poor EHR usability?
Authors: Vehmas Nico , Kaipio Johanna
Published: May 2018

According to earlier studies, Finnish physicians suffer from stress caused by poor usability of their digital tools and feel excluded from healthcare IT development. Active participation in usability evaluation could help involve doctors into developmental work, but more effective and participatory methods are needed. The objective of this study was to research whether physicians with no training in usability evaluation are able to discover usability problems using heuristic walkthrough technique. In addition, we wanted to find out if the level of EHR user experience affects the nature of the usability problems found.

Heuristic walkthrough using a modified set of Nielsen’s heuristics and clinical tasks was performed to evaluate usability of a widely used Electronic Health Record (EHR) in Finland. Medical students and physicians with no previous experience in usability evaluation and 1) with or 2) without prior experience in using the EHR in question were recruited as evaluators. A control group of usability experts was used.

Physicians were able to identify usability problems, ranging from cosmetic flaws to problems concerning patient safety and significant hindrance for work. Analysis of the found usability problems revealed that experienced EHR users discovered usability problems in nearly all major functions within the given scenario and time span.

Physicians as evaluators in heuristic walkthrough has the potential to produce relevant data about EHR usability. The arrangement benefits participating physicians by introducing them to usability. Further research needs to find out, whether the suggested method could support better communication and collaboration between end-users and software developers.
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS IN SOUTH CAUCASUS: MODERN SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT TENDENCY
Authors: SUVAHILOGHLU JABBAROV (GUBA) Ayatulla
Published: May 2018

The article focuses on studying investment environment in the South Caucasus region from an economic point of view. It has spotlighted the research and substantiating of economic potential of the countries of the South Caucasus, investment climate, competitive advantages and so on. At the same time, the article substantiated trends and priorities of the infrastructure, investment attractiveness and favorable business climate in the South Caucasus region.
PERSPECTIVES OF DIVERTING TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS ACTIVITIES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NON-OIL SECTOR IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors: ALLAHVERDIYEVA Turkana
Published: May 2018

After restoration of its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan became an important and active player in the region due to its oil and gas reserves and its geopolitical location. As it can be predicted, Azerbaijan soon attracted Transnational Corporations (TNCs) which were seeking natural resources. In 1994, the Contract of the Century (BTC) was signed between partner countries, and Azerbaijan got start towards a rapidly flourishing country. However, today there is an economic crisis since its economy mainly depends on oil and gas exports. The paper reviews three types of FDIs, analysis which kind of FDI is beneficial for Azerbaijan and seeks for opportunities and possibilities to divert FDI inflows to the development of non-oil sector, such as agriculture, tourism and updating soviet ventures in industry.
MUTUAL RELATIONS OF THE CAUCASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: ZABIL ALIYEVA Ilaha
Published: May 2018

The paper provides a brief review of establishment and development of relations in Azerbaijan over the last 25 years. It describes the different phases of this development and how cooperative country has traditionally dealt with the benefits. The paper notes that to expand an effective cooperation the nations need to work on a particular field following various rules. The author mentions specific tips and groups of communication culture and etiquette that is very important to set up on a firm and evolve the mutual cooperation and relations between countries. The cooperation of individual states in a certain format in the Caucasus region, which is one of the most geopolitically vulnerable regions, can cause various reactions. If we take into account the fact that historically the Caucasus was in the focus of attention not only of regional forces but also of global forces, the expected backwardness of these reactions is expected. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the importance, first of all, of the political will for the trilateral cooperation of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. The basis of tripartite cooperation between Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey was built on the basis of economic interests and meets the national interests of all three countries. Since Azerbaijan is a source and producer of hydrocarbon resources, Georgia has a favorable geographical location and transit potential, Turkey has domestic energy demand and is a regional hub, all this is a natural basis for tripartite cooperation. The joint creation of economic and transport corridor makes this approach a historical necessity. Thus, the trilateral format of cooperation between Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey can be called a successful model, which can serve to build sustainable peace and progress in the Caucasus.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF PEOPLE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors: ISLAM HAGI Ibrahimov , AGHAKISHIYEVA AGHAMOGHLAN Nurana
Published: May 2018

The present article investigates the changes at demographic processes, factors of formation employment, socio-economic essence of ensuring employment in Azerbaijan. Ensuring stability in Azerbaijan, systematic measures carrying out in direction of reducing poverty and unemployment, opening new enterprises, Baku-Novorossiysk, Baku-Supsa, Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipelines and Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum gas pipelines which play an important role in economy of Caucasus, essence of carrying out the project of TRASECA are explained. In article, the scientific-practical offers about carrying out the measures intended in the Strategic Road Map, the directions of the state regulation of employment and the socio-economic measures in regions are proposed.
REGIONAL COOPERATION BETWEEN THE SOUTH CAUCASIAN COUNTRIES AND THEIR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: PANAHOV MAARIF Azer
Published: May 2018

The article reviews the issues of the geopolitical priorities in the development of the South Caucasus countries. The article provides a general assessment of the situation in the countries of the region, economic aspects of interaction in the context of extraction, processing and transportation of the energy resources along the energy corridors. Several other aspects of the economic and political relations between Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as with Armenia, are reviewed as well. The article provides an assessment of the subsequent development of relations in terms of international programs implemented by Germany, the countries of the European Union, as well as by an international bank, and defines their common prospects.
IMPACT OF IRAN ON AZERBAIJAN: MEANS OF RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE
Authors: CONSTANTIN-BERCEAN Ioana
Published: May 2018

Islam in Azerbaijan is a multifaceted phenomenon, which can be understood only in the context of a society in transition. Nowadays Islam plays only a very limited role in the political sphere and only a small part of the population supports the idea of establishing an ‘Islamic order’. This is due to the long tradition of secularism in Azerbaijan and to the fact that the strong nationalistic movement is secular in character and sometimes even fights together with the ruling elite against their rival, political Islam. In many regards, Azerbaijan stands as an original study-case foe an in-depth investigation on interaction between Sunnis and Shiites. The purpose of this research is to present some aspects of Islam – the Shia branch – within the former frontiers of the defunct Soviet Union, assuming that this issue is mainly defined by the borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan. In contrast to the opinion that Islam displays a more or less uniform character in all former Muslim Soviet republics, it is true to say that in these countries Islam was basically shaped by the specific circumstances of each republic, rather than by international Islamic movements and trends.
DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE AND CULTURAL CONNECTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors: AKHUNDOVA Nigar
Published: May 2018

The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, has successfully continued the development strategy founded by the national leader Heydar Aliyev. Relations with the Caucasian republics are very important and are one of the main parts of international cultural connections in the Republic of Azerbaijan.All spheres of culture are very important for the development of international relations. His decree on the development of theatre in Azerbaijan from 19 February 2007 is of great significance. State Program Azerbaijan Theatre in 2009-2019 was approved by the order of the President of Azerbaijan Republic on 18 May 2009.
CLIMATE CHANGE, PUBLIC OPINION, AND MEDIA PRESENTATION: A CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC OPINION IN ROMANIA AND CHINA ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: LEPĂDATU Florina
Published: May 2018

Environmental communication is highlighted more in our everyday lives. From the Clean Power Plan, unveiled by Obama at the Climate Change Summit of Paris 2015, to Trump appointed as Climate Sceptic to the Marrakech Summit 2016, environmental communication is prevalent today. The presence of this issue in the political agenda, calls upon the attention of the media (traditional and social media). This paper shows how influential the Forth Power of a State is in the public opinion, how the State contributes to shaping it, and in which way it is possible to determine a certain social behavior. The paper focuses on European and Asian point of view and is based on the results obtained through the following two methods: a content analysis of the European Media news regarding the Climate Change during the one-year period of 2016 and a quantitative analysis of the questionnaires distributed in two different countries (Romania and China). The main research question that is presented in this paper is: How does the media deal with the environmental communication? Therefore, three main themes are explored. First, the way the media communicates with the public. Second, the length of time media has given to this issue. Third, the effect of the communication process on the European and Asian public opinion. The results demonstrated that there is a major need for the media to give space and importance to the environmental communication, and to regard carefully the way in which they do it. Due to the method of communication, this results in a major consequence of why the public opinion has shown to have almost a negative-neutral attitude regarding this issue. The media, as the mediator between the State and the public, regarding such an issue, failed. Therefore, it is relevant for the two Governments, institutions, such as European Union and NGOs, to know why the public opinion does not react and act, regarding this issue, in the way they expect.
COMPARING BARBARY AND ISLAMIC STATE TERROR TO AN ACADEMIC CONSENSUS DEFINITION OF TERRORISM
Authors: WINTERS Isaiah
Published: May 2018

Though the terrorism practiced by the Barbary States of yore and the Islamic State of today are separated by two centuries, there is a considerable amount of overlap between the two that this research seeks to explore. By comparing each of these forms of terrorism to the revised twelve-point academic consensus definition of terrorism compiled in Alex P. Schmid’s Handbook of Terrorism Research, this analysis is able to determine how closely both Barbary and Islamic State terrorism match Schmid’s nuanced definition, as well as what makes each form of terrorism unique. The findings show that Barbary State terrorism is distinct for having been asymmetrically state-regulated, while Islamic State terrorism is distinct for its quasi-state characteristics.
Deconstruir para construir
Authors: Sarquis Lorena
Published: May 2018

En este artículo se describen los  modelos tradicionales de tratamiento de las personas con discapacidad que  han imperado a lo  largo de la historia; el modelo de prescindencia  y el modelo médico-rehabilitador y la recepción que tuviera este último en el Código Civil. Luego se analiza la propuesta del  modelo social o de barreras sociales que tiene plasmación en la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad y  las multiplicidad de formas  de apoyo que han sido previstas atendiendo la diversidad de personas con discapacidad. Seguidamente,  nos ocupamos de desarrollar el sistema de apoyos en el ejercicio de la capacidad jurídica y su recepción en el Código Civil y Comercial.
Ciencias sociales y derecho: las ciencias sociales en la educación legal
Authors: Pezzetta Silvina
Published: May 2018

En este trabajo presentaré a manera de hipótesis algunos de los problemas que surgen en las relaciones entre el derecho, como disciplina del conocimiento, y las ciencias sociales. A tal fin haré una aproximación lingüística a la cuestión siguiendo, para ello, los trabajos de Elizabeth Mertz sobre la educación legal en los Estados Unidos y sus reflexiones teóricas sobre el rol que tienen en ésta las ciencias sociales. El trabajo se dividirá en dos secciones. En la primera, presentaré algunas ideas centrales sobre cuestiones referidas a los estudios del lenguaje en uso y sobre los problemas de “traducción” de las ciencias sociales para emplear sus hallazgos y teorías en el campo del derecho. Asimismo, presentaré los resultados de la mencionada autora respecto de la enseñanza del derecho y rol que ocupan las ciencias sociales en ésta. En la segunda parte me abocaré a consideraciones sobre la perspectiva de la dogmática y la diferencia que supone respecto de las ciencias sociales para, finalmente, explorar los desafíos de desarrollar una enseñanza del derecho que no dependa exclusivamente de la práctica pero que, a la vez, sea relevante para ella. Se trata de presentar argumentos para explorar en el futuro un modelo de educación jurídica en la que las ciencias sociales no ocupen un lugar ornamental ni sean mero instrumento de los fines derivados de la práctica.
Structure and Dynamics of Water Confined in Imogolite Nanotubes
Authors: Scalfi Laura , Fraux Guillaume , Boutin Anne , Coudert François-Xavier
Published: May 2018

We have studied the properties of water adsorbed inside nanotubes of hydrophilic imogolite, an aluminium silicate clay mineral, by means of molecular simulations. We used a classical force field to describe the water and the flexible imogolite nanotube, and validated it against data obtained from first-principles molecular dynamics. With it, we observe a strong structuration of the water confined in the nanotube, with specific adsorption sites and a distribution of hydrogen bond patterns. The combination of number of adsorption sites, their geometry and the preferential tetrahedral hydrogen bonding pattern of water leads to frustration and disorder. We further characterize the dynamics of the water, as well as the hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules and the nanotube, which are found to be more than one order of magnitude longer than water–water hydrogen bonds.
ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ САНАТОРНО-КУРОРТНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА
Authors: Алипова Асият Мурадовна
Published: May 2018

Цель. Одним из основных способов создания эффективной системы оздоровления населения является использование инновационных подходов к организации эффективного оздоровления в санаторно-курортном комплексе (СКК). Данный подход подтверждают результаты исследований межведомственной комиссии Совета Безопасности Российской Федерации по охране здоровья населения о том, что здоровье нации на 10–15 % определяется уровнем развития здравоохранения и на 50–55 % — условиями и образом жизни населения, к которым относится и использование санаторно-курортного оздоровления. Целью статьи является рассмотрение и предложение научно-практических методов по оценке эффективности развития регионального СКК. Метод. Методологической базой оценки эффективности выступают квалиметрические принципы и методы, такие как: сравнительный количественный анализ данных, характеризующих фактическую деятельность организаций, и стандартных, нормативных, средних показателей, которые рассчитываются для каждого оцениваемого параметра. Результат. Предлагается расширенный вариант исследования вопросов при разработке подходов к оценке эффективности деятельности СКК в определении показателей экономический, медицинский и социальной деятельности СКО, где условие повышения объективности оценки эффективности деятельности СКО заключается в создании инновационного проекта оценочной системы, который будет представлять собой единство комплексов контроля и оценки эффективности. Вывод. Предложенная система оценочных показателей обладает аналогическими возможностями и может быть использована для диагностики состояния СКО, степени достижения ключевых показателей эффективности. Однако для оценки деятельности СКО целесообразно использовать инновационный проект, учитывающий достоинства вышеприведенных показателей систем оценки с научным обоснованием выбора того или иного показателя с учетом особенностей организации.
СОЦИАЛИЗМ ВО ВЬЕТНАМЕ: МИФ ИЛИ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ?
Authors: Куок Хунг Нгуен , Тригубенко Марина Евгеньевна
Published: May 2018

Предмет — социализм во Вьетнаме как главный бренд деятельности КПВ, озвученный на партийных съездах. Общее и национально особенное в трактовке социализма в постановлениях партсъездов; угрозы и вызовы для КПВ. Появление внутриполитической нестабильности, инициированной подрывной деятельностью вьетнамской диаспоры, проживающей за рубежом, и иностранными некоммерческими организациями, работающими в стране. Поиск доказательств преимуществ социализма в СРВ и позднего развитого социализма в СССР. Исследование неразвитости китайского социализма на примере его системы социального обеспечения и медленного преодоления имущественного неравенства, несмотря на огромный экономический рост и крупные денежные накопления китайского государства. Методология. Институциональный анализ. Системный подход. Оценка современного экономического потенциала Вьетнама и взаимодополняемости административно-командной системы и рыночной экономики. Результаты. Изучение социализма в современную эпоху возникло в связи со столетним юбилеем Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции в России и сохранением ориентации на социализм во Вьетнаме и в Китае. Опора на социалистические ценности нужна Компартии Вьетнама для доказательств успешного развития страны в условиях однопартийной системы и сохранения своего лидерства в переходном периоде. Опыт Вьетнама пока уникален как страны, способной за короткие сроки войти в число быстро развивающихся стран под руководством КПВ. В 1986 г. КПВ озвучила новую экономическую политику (Doi Moi — обновление), которая предусматривала мирное сосуществование и развитие различных хозяйственных укладов. Смешанная (гибридная) экономика представлена многочисленным мелкотоварным сектором, крупным национальным капиталом и зарубежными компаниями ведущих стран мира. КПВ учла опыт и ошибки высшего руководства КПСС, не допускавшего открытости и критики. В постоянную практику, начиная с IX партсъезда в 2001 г., вошло обсуждение материалов съездов. Происходит сменяемость партлидеров, хозяйственных руководителей высшего звена, а также критика появления коррупции в партии. В новой редакции Конституции СРВ закреплена победа правового социалистического государства в СРВ и роль КПВ как единственной партии, пользующейся уважением и доверием народа в условиях критики в США и Западной Европе ущемления прав человека во Вьетнаме, которую организует обширная вьетнамская диаспора за рубежом, иностранные некоммерческие организации, работающие во Вьетнаме и создающие негативный имидж Компартии Вьетнама. Выводы. Развитие, начиная со второй половины 1980-х гг., рыночной экономики с использованием социалистических принципов позволило вывести Вьетнам в число быстро развивающихся государств с качественным высшим образованием, высоким культурным уровнем и сокращением численности бедного населения. Задачей на перспективу, которую утвердил XII съезд Компартии в 2016 г., является сохранение устойчивого экономического роста, развитие высокотехнологичных отраслей промышленности, повышения благосостояния народа до уровня среднего достатка.
Pengaruh Modeling Instruction Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Fisika Pada Materi Usaha Dan Energi Siswa Kelas X MIPA SMA Muhammadiyah Mayong Jepara
Authors: Indriyani Feny , Siswanto Joko , Khoiri Nur
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this research is analyzing the impact of Modeling Instruction towards students’ ability in solving phisics problems on Work and Energy of X MIPA SMA Muhammadiyah Mayong Jepara. This research used pre-experimental design that held on January 29th 2018 untill January 5th 2018 academic year 2018/2019. The population of this research was the entire of X MIPA of SMA Muhammadiyah Mayong Jepara, and the sample selected randomly. So, as the result, X MIPA 1 becomes experiment class. The researcher used data documentation techniques, test and interview as data collecting techniques. Based on research result, there is impact of Modelling Instrucion towards students’ ability in solving phisics problems on Work and Energy material of X MIPA SMA Muhammadiyah Mayong Jepara through t test calculation, gained tcount = 43,026 > ttable = 2,028. While from the gain test analysis  gained 0,46 for experimental class in the medium category. Based on the data result, can be concluded that there is impact of Modelling Instrucion towards students’ ability in solving phisics problems on Work and Energy material of X MIPA SMA Muhammadiyah Mayong Jepara.
Anortit Fazlı Seramiklere Bor Fosfat Katkısının Etkileri
Authors: Çubuk Meltem
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmada termal şoka dayanabilen seramik türü olarak anortit fazı
seçilmiştir. İlk olarak bor fosfat sentezi gerçekleştirilmiş, elde edilen bor
fosfat 1000oC’da kalsine edilmiş, XRD ve kimyasal analizler ile karakterize
edilmiştir. Diğer yandan faz diyagramında anortit fazını (CaO, Al2O3,
SiO2) en çok kapsayan ve anortitin oluşabildiği en düşük
sıcaklıktaki uygun ötektik noktalar seçilmiştir. Wollastonit, kaolinit ve
kalsit kullanılarak 6 adet karışım hazırlanmıştır. Elde edilen 6 adet karışım
iki kısma ayrılmış ve ikinci kısımlara % 10 sentezlenen BPO4 ilavesi
yapılmıştır.  Karışımlar presle aynı
basınçta şekillendirilmiş ve aynı koşullarda ve aynı ısıtma hızıyla elektrikli
fırında 1050, 1100, 1150 ve 1200oC’da pişirilmiştir. Örneklere
pişmeden önce DTA ve TGA analizleri, pişen örneklere ise XRD analizleri
uygulanmıştır. Test sonuçlarına göre, sentezlenen BPO4’ın ilave
edilmesi anortit fazlarının teorik oluşum sıcaklıklarından çok daha altındaki
sıcaklıklarda oluştuğunu göstermiştir.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN SIKAP ILMIAH SAINS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR (SD) BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Sole Ferdinandus Bele , Anggraeni Desak Made
Published: May 2018

This study aims to develop scientific science attitudes assessment instruments that can be used in elementary school-based values of character education. This research is a research development (R & D) conducted for one year with preliminary study stage, product development, product trial and product dissemination developed. A preliminary study was conducted by surveying the implementation of the science assessment in primary school. The preliminary study results show that teachers in 10 surveyed schools have never implemented a scientific attitude assessment in science learning. At the stage of product development, has developed a scientific attitude assessment instrument that has been validated by experts. The product trials were conducted in three stages: initial field test, main field test and field operational test. In the initial field test, it was conducted in two schools with 20 respondents in each class. Initial field test results show that the instrument reliability level is good, but there are still some invalid items that are 11 items in class IV, 8 items in class V and 7 items in class VI. This is because there are still some respondents who have not read smoothly so that they have difficulty in answering questions. In the main field test, it was conducted in 8 schools with 91 respondents. The main field test result is that there are 5 invalid questions, both in class IV, V and VI. Operational field tests were carried out with the number of respondents each 13 students from 10 schools. Field operational test results are all items declared valid and reliable. The last stage is to disseminate products through scientific forums such as seminars and socialization to schools. The scientific attitude instruments developed in this study can be used by elementary teachers to assess the scientific attitudes of elementary students.
One-pot, three-component synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Khalafy Jabbar , Javahershenas Ramin
Published: May 2018

A green approach for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives was successfully achieved by a one-pot, three-component reaction of arylglyoxals, 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil and barbituric acid derivatives in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) (5 mol%) as the catalyst in ethanol at 50 °C. This protocol has many advantages such as high yields (73-95%), green and simple procedure, short reaction times, easy work-up, mild reaction conditions and general applicability.
Prediction of Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Sulfamerazine and Sulfamethazine in Water Using DFT and ab Initio Methods
Authors: Hazhir Neda , Kiani Farhoush , Tahermansouri Hasan , Azade Saraei Ghorbani-Hasan , Koohyar Fardad
Published: May 2018

The acid-ionization constant (pKa) is an important physico-chemical property of molecules. In this research work, the ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) methods, in combination with the polarized continuum model (PCM), were used to calculate the acid-ionization constant of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfamerazine (SMR) solved in water. For these molecules, the calculated pKa value is in relatively good agreement with the experimental one. Also, in these calculations some structural properties such as dihedral angle between the indicated atoms: D, bond lengths between the indicated atoms: d, Bohr radius: a˳, intermolecular hydrogen bond: IHB, and total atomic charge: au have been determined. These data can be used in nano drug modeling of sulfamethazine and sulfamerazine.
Kinetics, DFT Study and Antibacterial Activity of Zinc(II) and Copper(II) Terpyridine Complexes
Authors: Selimovi? Enisa , Jeremi? Svetlana , Li?ina Braho , Soldatovi? Tanja
Published: May 2018

The kinetics of ligand substitution reactions between zinc(II) and copper(II) terpyridine complexes and biologically relevant nucleophiles were investigated at pH 7.38 as a function of nucleophile concentration. Substitution reactions include two steps of consecutive displacement of the chlorido ligands. The order of reactivity of the investigated nucleophiles for the first reaction step is: glutathione (GSH) > > DL-aspartic acid (DL-Asp) > guanosine-5’-monophosphate (5’-GMP) > inosine-5’-monophosphate (5’-IMP) > L-methionine (L-Met) (for [CuCl2(terpy)]), while for [ZnCl2(terpy)] order is: DL-Asp > GSH  > 5’-GMP > 5’-IMP > > L-Met.  Chelate formation and pre-equilibrium were obtained for the substitution process between [ZnCl2(terpy)] complex and glutathione. Activation parameters support an associative mechanism A or Ia for the both reaction steps. The best antibacterial effect was exhibited against Sarcina lutea, and stronger antibacterial activity of [CuCl2(terpy)] complex than [ZnCl2(terpy)] was observed. In order to verify the structural geometries of investigated complexes in crystal and solute forms, their structures were optimized by DFT method. Based on energetic stability of complexes, it can be concluded that both of complexes make hydrates very easy, but the bond between water molecule and metal ion is pretty week.
Benzamidoxime-Mediated Crotylation of Aldehydes using Potassium (Z) and (E)-Crotyltrifluoroborates
Authors: Araujo Almeida Claudia Lais , Macedo Santos Jonh Anderson , Silva Santos Cosme , Andrade Santos Francirenildo , De Andrade Vicente Dmistocles , Liesen André P. , Rufino Freitas Juliano Carlo
Published: May 2018

A highly diastereoselective protocol for the crotylation reaction of aldehydes using potassium (Z) and (E)-crotytrifluoroborates was developed. Benzamidoxime was employed as a renewable catalyst, which was easily recovered through a simple extraction process. This method proved to be simple, fast, regio- and chemoselective for different aldehydes. The corresponding homoallylic alcohols were obtained in good to excellent yields without the need of further purification.
Trade Liberalisation in SADC and the Economic Benefits of belonging to an RTA: The case of Tanzania
Authors: Dyegula Nzeyimana , Lwesya Francis -
Published: May 2018

This paper examines the dynamics of trade liberalisation in the Southern Development Community (SADC), region and the economic benefits that Tanzania derives from SADC membership. The paper uses qualitative analysis and trade indices. The findings show that SADC is far behind its agreed schedule of transforming the region into a customs union and SADC intra-regional trade is very low, only South Africa and Mozambique seem to carry the potential to increase intraregional trade and benefit from SADC in the short run. On the other hand, Tanzania's economic benefits from SADC membership have remained trivial, though her exports and market share have been steadily increasing since the mid 1990s. However, Tanzania does not suffer adversely from the dual membership of EAC and SADC regions, despite its membership in the two overlapping RTAs making its trade regime complex because tariff reductions under EAC customs union are not compatible with SADC's hence resulting in problems in implementing the SADC Trade Protocol. However, the country may not need to withdraw  its membership from either EAC or SADC due to signs of good prospect in the long run under the proposed harmonisation of the EAC and SADC trade regime through the Tripartiite Free Trade Area arrangement (COMESA-EAC-SADC).
The use and abuse of microsatellite DNA markers in conservation biology
Authors: Moss Robert , Piertney Stuart B. , Palmer Stephen C.F.
Published: May 2018

Conservation genetics is based on the need to maintain genetic variation, which retains deleterious recessive mutations in a heterozygous state and provides adaptive potential in a changing environment. Typically, levels of variation in natural populations are assessed with neutral markers such as microsatellites. Adaptive genetic variation, however, is likely to respond to microevolutionary forces (mutation, natural selection and random genetic drift) in a different way. Hence we need to study the relationship between neutral microsatellite markers and genes of adaptive significance. We present simple models that illustrate the difficulty of inferring levels of adaptive genetic variation from molecular markers, and hence evolutionary potential and fitness from microsatellite markers.
Genetic evidence of capercaillieTetrao urogallusdispersal sources and sinks in the Alps
Authors: Segelbacher Gernot , Storch Ilse , Tomiuk Jürgen
Published: May 2018

The aim of our study was to identify fine‐scale genetic population structure of capercaillieTetra urogalluspopulations in the Bavarian Alps, Germany. We studied five local populations and estimated genetic variation using 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. We found no differences in the number of alleles per locus or the degree of heterozygosity between pairs of populations, but significant genetic variation among all populations. We detected significant genetic differentiation for pairs of populations separated by distances as short as 10 km. Genetically detected effective population sizes agreed with field data for relative population densities. Populations of peripheral study areas bordering the dairy‐farming lowlands tended to show sink characteristics with immigration exceeding emigration. Our study confirmed that microsatellites have the potential to detect dispersal sources and sinks at a local scale and the results of studies like ours may help to develop improved, effective conservation plans for capercaillie.
Differential seasonal mortality of the sexes in willow ptarmiganLagopus lagopusin northern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Hannon Susan J. , Gruys Rogier C. , Schieck Jim O.
Published: May 2018

We assessed sex ratio, annual survival rates and patterns of seasonal mortality of female and male willow ptarmiganLagopus lagopusin northwestern British Columbia. Annual sex ratio of birds on the breeding area did not statistically differ from a 1:1 ratio over eight years, although in six of the eight years males were more numerous. Over eight years, annual survival, based on return rates of banded birds, was 41–63% for males and 30–54% for females. We analysed seasonal patterns of mortality using radio‐tagged birds. During four springs and summers, female survival varied from 74 to 97%. They suffered the highest mortality during late prelaying, incubation and pre‐fledging brood rearing periods, and most were killed by raptors. Broodless females survived better (100%) than females accompanied by broods (77%). No radio‐tagged males died during two breeding seasons. Survival for both sexes was lower in autumn/winter (40–60%) than in spring/summer (75–100%). In autumn, the highest mortality for both sexes occurred during the late brood rearing and winter moult periods, coinciding with the autumn raptor migration. Both sexes had similar mortality rates over winter, despite separating by habitat. Another peak in male mortality occurred in late winter/early spring during the period of transient territoriality, whereas no females were killed during this time. From 1.4 to 3 times as many males as females were killed by hunters. Higher mortality of males during the hunting season and in late winter may balance the higher mortality of females during the breeding season, resulting in a breeding sex ratio that is close to unity.