bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of The Politeness Strategy used in Mata Najwa Talk Show on Trans7
Authors: Silitonga Dwi Handayani
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to describe the Politeness Strategies used in Mata Najwa Talk Show. This study applied a qualitative research design to explore the politeness strategies used by the participants in Mata Najwa Talk Show in their interactions. The participants in this study were Najwa Shihab as a host, Erick Thohir and Nadiem Makarim as guests. The data in this study were in the form of utterances that contain politeness strategies.

The result showed that the host not only use Positive Strategy to reveal the guests’ issue but also use a Negative strategy to reduce the interference with the guests’ freedom of action. The guests tend to use Positive Politeness because they tried to convince society about their new policies and state that they share the same specific wants, goals, or values, namely a better condition for this country. From the analysis, the researcher found out the result that Positive politeness (76,32%), Negative Politeness (18,42%) and off Record Strategy (5,27%) and there is no Bald Record Strategy used in this analysis.
The Correlation Between English Language Learning Strategies And Students Thinking Style At The Second Grade Of Man 1 Kolaka
Authors: Suryadi Ray , Kamaruddin Firdayana
Published: May 2022

This research was conducted at MAN 1 Kolaka. The objective of this reaseach is to find out information and data weather there is any correlation between English language learning strategy and students’ thinking style at the second grade AGAMA I of MAN 1 Kolaka. The research design is descriptive quantitative. The data were collected through questionnaires. English Language Learning Strategy at the second grade AGAMA I of MAN 1 Kolaka are Metacognitive with the total frequency is 47% percent and Studets’ Thinking Style are Extrovert with the total persentage is 53%. The Population of the research was the second grade students of MAN 1 Kolaka and the sample of the research was class AGAMA I which consisted of 15 students. The data analysis used in this research was product moment formula which showed that there was no any correlation between English Language Learning Strategy and Students’ Thinking Style. It could be synthesized that hypothesis were r-count was lower than r-table. So H1 was rejected and H2 was accepted. The coefficient Correlation between English Language Learning Strategies and  Students’ Thinking Style did not have any significant correlation with the r-count = -0,218 was lower than r-table 0,514 at the significance level 5% and degree of freedom (df) was 15 (-0,218>0,514). Therefore, it was categorized as low correlation. H0 and H1 was rejected and H2 was accepted.
Abstract Translation in Scientific Writing by Non-English Major Student using Google Translate
Authors: Suryani Nyayu Yayu , Fitria Tira Nur
Published: May 2022

The main purpose of this research is to find out Google Translate errors when translating bachelor's paper abstracts from Indonesian to English. Six abstracts of Non-English major undergraduate student papers from diverse faculties Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Siti Khadijah Palembang were chosen at random. Following that, the data is compared for each sentence segment, as well as any words or phrases with problems are investigated. The result shows that the primary errors of abstract translations include lexicosemantic, tense, preposition, word order, distribution, and use of verb group, as well as active and passive voice errors. Abstract translation outcomes deviate significantly from expectations. Both translating English writings into Indonesian and Indonesian texts into English takes advanced translation abilities. Regarding translation, several factors should be considered; they include the linguistic system utilized for both languages and the cultural understanding of the two languages. In the case of scientific writing translation, involve a translator in improving the quality of translation. In terms of academics, it is recommended that further research be done on comparable challenges in abstract translation, but with more variety from diverse sources.
Protective role of omega 3 on histological status of liver of albino rats affected by energy drinks
Authors: Aslam Imtiaz , Rasheed Ammara , Jafri Farhana , Tafweez Raafea , Munira Mahjabeen
Published: May 2022

Background: This study was planned to see the toxic effects of energy drinks on the liver. The study was done for a period of one month in the animal house of the postgraduate medical institute, Lahore, on albino rats. Omega 3 was selected as a protective agent against the toxicity of energy drinks on liver parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective role of omega 3 on the histology of liver parenchyma damaged by an energy drink.Subjects and methods: A total of 30 male adult albino rats were used in this experimental study. They were divided into three groups with 10 animals in each: Group 1 was treated with distilled water at the dose of 0.5ml/100g of body weight, Group 2 was given an energy drink at the dose of 1.5ml/100g of body weight and Group 3 at the dose of 0.04-0.05ml/100g of omega 3 and 1.5ml/100g of body weight of energy drink. All doses were given for 4 weeks, orally once daily.Results: Hepatotoxicity was produced by the energy drink, as histological parameters deranged in experimental group 2, which was treated with the energy drink alone. While group 3, which was treated with omega 3 along with energy drink showed the protection of hepatic architecture to some extent by reducing inflammation and nuclear changes to prove the protective role of omega 3.Conclusion: Energy drink when given at dose of dose was 1.5ml/100gram/body wt.1.8ml was average dose adjusted on average base for a period of one month causes hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Omega 3 was given as at dose of 0.04-0.05ml/100 gm of body weight/day for a period of one month. It is concluded that 0.04-0.05ml/100mg of b.w/day of Omega 3 offered partial protection to liver against damage by energy drinks.Conclusion: It is concluded that 0.04-0.05ml/100mg of b.w/day of Omega 3 offered partial protection to the liver against damage by energy drinks.
Short term outcome of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Kashif , Iqbal Asim , Noeman Ahmed , Akber Nida Tasneem , Yousuf Sohail , Faisal Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Background: Percutaneous Coronary intervention (PCI) is a routinely performed procedure in coronary care units. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) after percutaneous coronary angiography in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in our institution. The objective of the study is to determine the frequency of MACEs after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Patients & Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore from May 2017 to June 2017. A total 35 patients with STEMI who underwent Primary PCI were enrolled by consecutive sampling technique.  An inclusion criterion was chest pain of 30 minutes to 12 hours duration with ECG showing ≥ 0.1mm ST-elevation in at least two contiguous leads. An exclusion criterion was thrombolysis within last 24 hours, malignancy, stroke and Left Main or equivalent disease on coronary Angiogram.  Patients were followed after 2 weeks till 1 month for any MACES. (Including re-admission, need for repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, recurrent acute MI, angina, stroke, and mortality). Frequency and percentages were calculated for MACEs by using SPSS 23.0.Results: Out of 35 cases, 34 (97.1%) were male and 1 (2.9%) were female. Mean age was 47.11±10.59 years, 14 (40%) patients had hypertension, 10 (28.6%) were diabetics and 12(34.3%) were current smokers while 4 (11.4%) were ex-smokers, 10 (28.6%) had family history of CAD, and 3 (8.6%) had hyperlipidemia. Successful revascularization with TIMI-III flow was attained in 34(97.1%) cases. 33minutes was mean door to balloon time. At one month follow-up, out of 35 patients, angina was reported only in 1 (2.9%) patient. There was no readmission, repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke and death reported in study subjects.Conclusion: Successful revascularization by Primary PCI was associated with very few early MACEs. For the treatment of coronary artery disease, PCI is an effective option. It has a few early MACEs and uses less contrast and has fewer distal complications than conventional angioplasty and invasive procedures.
The role of ocular coherence tomography angiography in the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and a comparison with the current gold standard fundus fluorescein angiography
Authors: Zakir Rayyan , Iqbal Kashif , Tarar Ammar Afzal , Azhar Zeeshan , Ali Muhammad Hassaan , Hashmani Nauman , Zakir Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of preventable blindness in the world. Efficient and effective diagnosis and surveillance of diabetic retinopathy is of crucial importance to preserve the vision of patients. The FAZ (Foveal Avascular Zone) area is enlarged in patients of diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of OCT-A (Optical Coherence Tomography-Angiography) in delineating the FAZ area in cases of diabetic retinopathy and make a comparison with the findings of FFA (fundus fluorescein angiography) - the current gold standard.Subjects and methods: This was a comparative analytical study carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. A series of 50 patients, 30 males and 20 females with a mean age of 40 years were selected from the hospital outpatient department with history of five years of diabetic retinopathy. They were classified according to the ETDRS classification system into NPDR and PDR groups. The patients were booked for OCT-A, the scans were then observed for findings with a specific focus on the area of the FAZ at the level of the superficial capillary plexus. The patients then underwent same day FFA the current gold standard modality for diabetic retinopathy, thereafter a comparison between the mean area of the FAZ in both the modalities was made & documented. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The FAZ was easily distinguished by both FFA and OCT-A. The mean FAZ area was 0.62 mm2 on FFA and 0.69 mm2 on OCT-A. There was a statistically significant difference between the two means (p=0.002). Both the modalities had a Sensitivity of 100% at 0.44 and 0.48 cut-offs. OCT-A had a specificity of 91.9% and FFA had a Specificity of 89.2%.Conclusions: OCT-A proved to be an effective and accurate modality in delineating the FAZ area and detecting macular ischemia in patients of diabetic retinopathy in comparison to the current Gold-Standard FFA.
Comparison of efficacy of electrocautery vs. cryotherapy in the treatment viral warts
Authors: Anwar Ahsan , Rafiq Zahid , Us Salam Sana
Published: May 2022

Background: Warts are common cutaneous viral infections due to human papilloma virus (HPV) mostly affecting school age children and adults.1 Various therapeutic modalities are available including topical, physical, and systemic therapies. Physical therapies are considered to be effective in the management of viral warts. This study aims to compare the efficacy of electrocautery with cryotherapy in the treatment of viral warts.Patients and methods: This randomized trial was conducted in Dermatology Department of GHAQ / DHQ Teaching Hospital/SLMC, Sahiwal from October 2020 to March 2021.A total of 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of warts either sex with age ranging from 5-60 years were enrolled in the study and were divided into two equal groups. Patients excluded were those with evidence of any superadded infection and number of warts >6, having documented hypersensitivity to lignocaine or taking any treatment for warts in last month. After obtaining an informed written consent group A was treated with electrocautery and group B with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. The patients were treated until the complete clearance of warts or maximum of eight sessions on weekly basis. Demographic and clinical data as efficacy (cleared if not palpable or visible to naked eye) was recorded on predesigned proforma and was analyzed by using chi-square test through SPSS version 25.  Results: Out of total 50 patients, there were 27 (54%) male and 23 (46%) female patients, with an overall male to female ratio was 1:0.7. Most commonly observed clinical type of wart were plantar warts in 28 (56%) followed by palmar in 6 (12%). Electrocautery was found to be effective therapy in treatment of wart as indicated by complete clearance noticed in 19 (76%) patients as compared to cryotherapy in 11 (44%) participants.Conclusion: Electrocautery is more effective as compared to cryotherapy in the treatment of warts especially plantar and deep-seated. However, promising effects of cryotherapy is seen in common and multiple warts as compared to electrocautery.
Correlation of inflammatory biomarkers with disease severity in hospitalised patients of COVID-19 at presentation
Authors: Batool Hijab , Khan M Dilawar , Chughtai Omar Rasheed , Chughtai Akhtar Sohail , Ashraf Shakeel , Amir Sana
Published: May 2022

Background: The course of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic infection to life threatening critical illness. Inflammatory biomarkers have vital role in predicting outcome, disease severity and disease prognosis in COVID-19 cases. This study aims to observe the correlation of these biomarkers with disease severity in COVID-19.Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Chughtai Institute of Pathology from February 2021 to May 2021. Blood was collected from 1300 hospitalized adult PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients categorized in mild to critical disease classes. Asymptomatic cases, patients having coagulopathies and those who received plasma infusion were excluded from the study. Blood was analyzed for serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin and D Dimers. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0.Results: From the study patients, 65.3% (n=849) were male and 34.7% (n=451) were female. Majority of the cases (43.5%, N=565) belonged to moderate group whereas only 0.6% (N=8) were in critical group. Study population had a mean age of 56 (+13.98) years. Serum IL-6 was taken as marker of disease severity, showed significant positive correlation with CRP (r =0.52), ferritin (r =0.33), D-dimers (r =0.32) but no correlation with procalcitonin (r =0.17) using spearmen correlation coefficient. All patients with critical disease had IL-6 levels above 1000pg/ml.Conclusion: The inclusion of inflammatory biomarkers in routine panel of COVID-19 patients can allow risk stratification of COVID-19 patients in different disease severity groups as cases with critical disease had higher levels.
Better Alternatives For Human Rna-type Respiratory Viruses Vaccines: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mahmood Majid Mohammed
Published: May 2022

Vaccinations protected millions of people's lives in the past two centuries. This does not necessarily mean there are successful vaccines for all pathogenic microbes. Up to date, there are numerous risky viruses without protective vaccines despite huge efforts to produce such powerful effective vaccines. Most RNA viruses such as HIV, Ebola, Zika, Dengue, and almost all human RNA-type respiratory viruses have no available effective vaccines. Vaccines work specifically by stimulation of adaptive immune response, which fails immediately after emerging new variants because of the production of undetectable and non-recognizable antigenic determinants of the newly generated variants, mutants, or strains. Therefore, the best way to defeat these mutated viruses is by boosting innate immune response, which works in a non-specific way to combat all viruses plus their variants. Potentiation of innate immunity can be achieved by eating garlic daily plus other healthy immune-stimulant food as well as maintaining healthy tips listed by author papers [1,2], which included drinking water continuously, cessation of drinking alcohol, having enough sleep, avoiding stress, exercising, avoiding smoking (arguable in case of COVID-19), smile and laughter, being optimistic and relaxing while hearing music to build up a robust shield against any invading pathogenic virus or microbe.
Rapid review of effective practice principles in the design and delivery of digital resources for teachers
Authors: Ahmed Syeda Kashfee , Mitchell Pru , Trevitt Jenny
Published: May 2022

This rapid review, commissioned by Life Education Australia (LEA), gathered evidence about effective practice in the design and delivery of digital professional learning for teachers. Its goal was to inform development of principles to guide the design and delivery of LEA’s own digital resources for teachers. The key research question for the review was: What does the research evidence say about the design and delivery of digital / online resources for teachers and what practice implications and recommendations could be made based on this research evidence?
Colonising the Nonhuman Other in Anne Haverty’s "One Day as a Tiger"
Authors: Roldán Romero Vanesa
Published: May 2022

The rise of new ethical anxieties in the interaction between humans a nonhumans alike has not left human social relations and philosophical frameworks unaffected. One such framework could be argued to be ecocriticism, a tool of literary analysis that, although not exceptionally new, is not widely applied to contemporary Irish literature yet. In this article, I explore one instance of the animal trope in the novel One Day as a Tiger (1997), written by the Irishwoman Anne Haverty.  The novel could explore and denounce how Irish society has not totally rejected colonialism and its anthropocentric foundation; instead, Haverty’s fictional Ireland seems to have appropriated the colonising discourse once applied to them and turned it against the nonhuman realm, especially animals, to justify their existence as an independent State. Therefore, the aim of this article is to explore if and to what extent the human protagonist of the novel otherises and reduces the nonhuman protagonist, a ewe, into a symbol of Irish nationality.
Capitalism Clothes it: Toxic Resilience and Undemocratization in the Face of Climate Change
Authors: Chinchilla Mora Leonardo
Published: May 2022

This paper addresses the mechanisms by which capitalism thrives in the imagined climate crises in the works of Nathaniel Rich’s Odds Against Tomorrow (2013) and Kim Stanley Robinson‘s New York 2140 (2017). More specifically, it approaches resilience as toxic resistance that allows capitalism to survive socio-economic and political forces around it. This article also seeks to uncover the ways in which such resilience deters the acknowledgement of capitalism as an unsustainable, life-threatening system. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the tension between public and private places to reveal capitalism’s undemocratic practices. This analysis first identifies the role of futurology as a technocratic resource in maintaining the capitalist system running for Odds Against Tomorrow as Mitchell’s professionalism is manipulated to perpetuate such a system. On the other hand, I correlate two models of place-connectedness with various economic terms described in New York 2140 to arrive at a hypothesis of how resilience becomes toxic in allowing the habitation of New York despite submerging progressively. The second half of this essay concentrates on public and private places in which Odds Against Tomorrow showcases the vitality of public places as they nurture democratic practices. It also demonstrates two possible courses of action after suffering from a climate crisis: recovery and perpetuation of corporate American habits or their relinquishment accompanied by the embracing of an agrarian lifestyle. Finally, in the case of New York 2140, the interplay between private and public places seek to demonstrate the social injustices brought about by eco-marginalization for which the undemocratic practices of capitalism also surface.
Suppose a World
Authors: Chinchilla Mora Leonardo
Published: May 2022

This poem invites the reader to view the same world in two different ways: on the one hand, the weightiest “advancements” of humanity such as buildings and money are juxtaposed to a legacy a ruined ecology through visible progress vectors such as trash, racism, and poverty. On the other hand, the poem also portrays a world that, though possessing an agency of its own, is dying due to humanity´s ambition in devouring natural equilibrium through human-centered concepts only.
La “línea divisionaria” en el hukou: La injusticia ambiental y la población rural en "Montaña hueca" de Alai
Authors: Hu Jing
Published: May 2022

A día de hoy, sigue siendo una incógnita cuál es el sector social chino que estadísticamente sufre mayores daños ecológicos. En China actualmente no hay un lenguaje de justicia medioambiental claro como el de aquellos que cargan contra el racismo medioambiental (Chavis 1993) y el clasismo medioambiental (Bell 2020), o que defienden el ecologismo de los pobres (Guha y Martínez-Alier 1997). Sin embargo, la literatura contemporánea puede emplearse como un caso de estudio, particularmente aquellas obras que reflejan la realidad ecosocial del entorno chino. En su trilogía Kong Shan: Jicun Chuanshuo [Montaña hueca: la historia sobre el pueblo Ji] (2005–2009), el autor chino Alai, de etnia tibetano-jiarong, ayuda a despejar la incógnita acerca de qué potenciales grupos sociales sufren en mayor medida injusticias medioambientales en China. Así, la narrativa de Alai identifica a la población rural como uno de los colectivos que más se ven afectados ecológicamente. Su novela desentraña cómo la desigualdad social establecida por el hukou (sistema de registro residencial) se extendió al ámbito ecológico derivando en la injusticia medioambiental contra los residentes rurales en el siglo XX. Alai visibiliza esta desigualdad ecosocial con la “línea divisoria,” la cual simboliza la distinción que el hukou hacía en torno al estatus civil “no-agrícola” y “agrícola.” Un análisis de Montaña Hueca y de las semánticas implícitas en el concepto de lo “hueco” a través de la perspectiva de justicia medioambiental sirve para entender la realidad ecosocial vivida en algunas regiones rurales en China. Esta es denominada por Van Rooij et al. (2014) como la aquiescencia activista.
The Cultural Ecology of Alaskan Indigenous Hip Hop: “Ixsixán, Ax Kwáan (I Love You My People)”
Authors: Balestrini Nassim Winnie
Published: May 2022

In hip-hop studies, Indigenous rap music has been garnering increasing attention alongside other non-mainstream manifestations of this ‘glocal’ genre, and the field has begun to address the significance of specific locales for artistic expression. Worried about environmental studies research that extracts ecological insights from Indigenous cultures without paying attention to colonial history, Indigenous scholars have been critiquing how non-Indigenous colleagues frequently misconstrue the myriad ways in which place, language, knowledge, and cultural identity are intertwined in tribal cultures. Bringing these discourses into conversation, this article focuses on three music videos produced as part of the Native Connections program of the Tlingit and Haida’s Tribal Family and Youth Services department in 2018 and 2019. These videos, which feature the Juneau-based rappers Arias Hoyle and Chris Talley alongside other Indigenous adolescents, verbally and visually convey an understanding of their environment not as mere setting, but rather as a source of cultural-historical knowledge and current intergenerational cultural practice. Both location and language are showcased as repositories of cultural identification. The juxtapositions of seemingly untouched landscapes and settled cityscapes as well as of English and Tlingit can be read as confirming ecocritical theories that emphasize the ways in which cultural products address seemingly dichotomous elements such as nature/culture as interdependent. The hip-hop lyrics and videos examined here balance awareness of the historical baggage of settler-colonialism with the intellectually and spiritually invigorating celebration of a locally rooted Indigenous identity, which is neither stuck in the past nor unaware of the world at large. These works thus participate in the “cultural ecology” (Hubert Zapf) of hip hop by mapping out an artistic place defined by Alaskan Indigenous—and especially Tlingit—culture and community in Juneau, without losing sight of larger geographical and sociopolitical contexts.
Politics that Matter in Nas’s "Illmatic"
Authors: Rüter Alexander
Published: May 2022

This essay focusses on a single, seminal piece of American hip-hop music: Nas’s Illmatic. Taking prompts from ANT and new materialism, and from Bruno Latour more specifically, I argue that Illmatic can and should be read as an exploration of the specific urban ecology from which it originated. This ecology is one of the urban landscape of New York’s housing projects as much as of the social practices of their inhabitants. At the same time, it is a concrete articulation, to borrow Latour’s famous phrase, of the racist policies that those who planned and oversaw its construction aimed to enforce. Though Nas’s music is often thought of as not as explicitly political as that of Public Enemy or KRS-One, a reading of it in this context reveals that it has no less political potential. Throughout the album, there is a detailed and complex engagement with the housing projects and how they contain and modify the possible mental landscapes of those who inhabit them. Incarceration, a central question for both Nas and Black America, must then be thought of as something that is not limited to the milieu of the prison. Instead, it is the prevailing condition in the urban ecologies of the housing projects. This imprisonment Nas understands in two ways: materially and mentally, working on bodies and working on minds. The very possibilities of thought are limited and formed by the ecologies of concrete that they take place in. Ultimately, through a close and careful reading of Illmatic, it becomes clear that the oppression of African Americans is not simply a social one: it is material. The housing projects themselves are an attempt to construct an urban environment that constrains thought, to make impossible the imagination of an alternative.
Hip Hop Naturalism: A Poetics of Afro-pessimism
Authors: Greve Julius
Published: May 2022

This article examines the cross-discursive constellation of hip hop studies, ecocriticism, Black Studies, and literary studies. It proposes the notion of “hip hop naturalism” to come to terms with the way in which current U.S.-American rappers express their social ecologies. Taking its cue from scholars such as Imani Perry, Gregory Phipps, and Kecia Driver Thompson, the article argues for the relevance of literary naturalism in contemporary forms of cultural expression: not merely in the audiovisual archives of TV or film, but in hip hop lyricism. Greve scrutinizes how rap has dealt with themes of social heredity, cultural ecology, and structural racial violence by using similar or even identical diction to that of turn-of-the-twentieth-century American literary naturalists. Furthermore, juxtaposing the essentializing aspects of post-Darwinian discourse with those of Afro-pessimism, the article ultimately argues that what Darwinism was to authors like Theodore Dreiser, Jack London, and Frank Norris, Afro-pessimist discourse is to major representatives of contemporary rap, including Mobb Deep, Danny Brown, Earl Sweatshirt, and Kendrick Lamar. The writings of Frank Wilderson III and other scholars within current Black Studies thus figure as a social-philosophical grounding on which the given lyricist might map his or her own take on the lived experience of the black individual in contemporaneity. While racial inequality has always been a central notion within hip hop literature and culture, it is this naturalist bent that renders possible a more thoroughly ecocritical reading of how rap songs both underscore and subvert, with critical defiance, the systemic naturalization of black life as inferior.
"Même les tueurs dorment..."
Authors: Gadet Steve
Published: May 2022

C’est l’histoire de Taïno, un jeune dealer originaire d’un quartier populaire de Fort-de-France. Alors que Man Sicot, la femme qui s’était battue pour que le quartier soit viabilisé et que les habitants venus des campagnes vivent dignement, vient de mourir, il réfléchit sur son activité et le sens de sa vie.

2023 mots
"Smoke the Weed" for the Planet: Snoop Lion's Green Reincarnation of Hip Hop
Authors: Steinhilber Dominik
Published: May 2022

While early hip hop could still offer social commentary, global issues began to disappear from the genre by the late 90s and early 2000s. Due to gangsta rap’s emphasis on authenticity and on the individual’s ‘realness,’ issues of social and environmental justice seem to have become increasingly inaccessible to rap music: any attempts to address wider, ‘real’ issues, if they were to happen, took the risk of appearing not ‘real’ but inauthentic, cynical capitalizations on social issues at best. This paper seeks to outline how Snoop Lion’s Reincarnated (2013) and in particular its eighth track “Smoke the Weed” employs the imagery of Reggae and Rastafarianism to reconstitute, transform, or “reincarnate” hip hop and thereby once again open it up to social and environmental commentary. While at first sight it is merely another glorification of recreational marihuana use in line with Snoop Dogg’s earlier, pre-Lion oeuvre, “Smoke the Weed” offers a highly complex critique of the environment and humans’ place and agency within it. “Smoke the Weed” can be seen to discuss, primarily through the metaphors of seeds, plant-growth, and marihuana use, the interconnection between (the necessity for) social action and (the necessity for) environmental action. Snoop harnesses the performativity of gangsta rap to offer a sincere, if never really ‘authentic,’ vision of green street consciousness. Through his clear lack of ‘realness’ as a Reggae artist, Snoop Lion can mobilize ‘naturalness’ for hip hop.
“New World Water”: The Hydrocentric Imagination of Hip Hop
Authors: Benz Stefan
Published: May 2022

Water has provided hip hop with a variety of central metaphors by which the genre has enriched its poetic terminology of the flow, denoted spiritual purity, or discussed political and police corruption. Over the last two decades, water-related environmental concerns and catastrophes have prompted hip hop artists to develop a more literal approach. This article showcases how selected songs of black conscious and indigenous rap—Yasiin Bey’s “New World Water” (1999), Common’s “Trouble in the Water” (2014), Taboo’s “Stand Up / Stand N Rock” (2016), and Supaman’s “Miracle” (2018)—develop hydrocentric perspectives in order to participate in the negotiation of the cultural and material meanings of water. These songs discuss the relationship between the human and water by working with images of water as “modern water” (Linton), “global water,” or “Anthropocene water” (Neimanis), which allows them to address the nexus of racial capitalism, settler colonialism, anthropocentrism, and ecological crises. True to conscious rap’s agenda of socio-political criticism, they not only unravel but also indict anthropocentric, racial capitalist, and settler-colonial ideologies and practices as they pertain to water. They further negotiate alternative cosmological approaches that conceive of the human/nonhuman relationship as interconnected and thus unfold “hydrosocial” perspectives (Linton). All the while, they advertise rap music as an important aesthetic tool of political-environmentalist intervention. This becomes particularly evident from the fact that all of them are connected by a specific activist impetus and framing.
Book Review of "Black to Nature: Pastoral Return and African American Culture"
Authors: Hogan Katie
Published: May 2022

Book review of Black to Nature: Pastoral Return and African American Culture.
Greening Black Metal: The EcoGothic Aesthethics of Botanist’s Lyrics
Authors: Rivero-Vadillo Alejandro
Published: May 2022

Environmentalist Black Metal has been a liminal subject of academic ecocriticism during the last decade, but it has rarely been addressed from the perspective of ecoGothic studies. Environmental discourses in Black Metal have taken diverse ideological forms based on the time and place in which they were generated. In the United States, many bands have focused on exploring what Hunter Hunt-Hendrix calls “aesthethics,” an affirmative and nihilist sense of transcendentalism carried out through a certain sense of aesthetics, ascetics (spirituality), and ethics. US bands like Botanist have usually been analyzed through the lens of Deep Ecology, that is, as projects depicting a sacralized Nature and a sense of nihilist self-hating humanism. This view, thus, implies an essentialist understandings of Nature/humanity dynamics on their behalf. Botanist’s lyrics are characterized by the creation of a demonological/angelical Nature in sempiternal conflict with humanity and its environment-destroying activities. Observing this narrative through an ecoGothic perspective, however, uncovers a different understanding of the romanticized portrayals of Nature depicted by the band, ultimately highlighting humanity and “humanness” as a vital part of its aesthethical construction. This article, therefore, explores the ways in which ecoGothic aesthetics, Val Plumwood’s notion of material spirituality and, Donna Haraway’s sense of “chthulucenic” ethics connect with each other in Botanist’s grim lyricism. The article highlights the importance of Botanist’s representation of plant architectures, “Mother Nature’s” spirituality, and the environmental ethics involved in the performance of “The Botanist,” the protagonist of the band’s narrative. This brings to light how the band’s depiction of Nature not only drives audiences to reflect on contemporary environmental anxieties, but also to look for onto-ethical alternatives to addressing human/non-human relationships.
Review Essay: Mountains, History, and Nature: A View Back from the Anthropocene Towards Historical Mountaineering Literature
Authors: Salovaara Harri
Published: May 2022

Review essay of Caroline Schaumann’s Peak Pursuits: The Emergence of Mountaineering in the Nineteenth Century and of the anthology edited by Sean Ireton and Caroline Schaumann, Mountains and the German Mind: Translations from Gessner to Messner.
Book Review of "Trees in Literatures and the Arts. HumanArboreal Perspectives in the Anthropocene"
Authors: Nole Leonardo
Published: May 2022

Book review of Trees in Literatures and the Arts. HumanArboreal Perspectives in the Anthropocene.
Mad Squirrel Keeping it Rural: Reflecting on Twenty Years of Hip hop Environmental Awareness and Advocacy
Authors: Harrison Anthony Kwame , Pace Ahad
Published: May 2022

In this autobiographical piece, I reflect on my twenty-year history as an emcee working at the intersection of hip hop and environmental awareness. Since summer 2000, I have recorded and performed environmentally situated hip-hop music under the moniker “Mad Squirrel.” This includes co-founding two groups—the San-Francisco-based Forest Fires Collective and Washington DC’s The Acorns—as well as releasing various solo projects and taking part in a handful of performances. In what follows, I explain the origins of my nature-based performance identity by, first, recounting my experiences growing up as an avid hip-hop fan in a rural New England (USA) mountain village and, then, expounding on how Mad Squirrel’s forest narratives marked a return to the Black diasporic tradition of animal stories that align with my West African heritage. I go on to describe how this identity and approach became the springboard for a small circle of Bay Area artists to produce a series of critically heralded releases in the early 2000s. After relocating to the East Coast of the United States, I continued to create nature-based hip hop and, notably, performed at several fundraisers and political rallies organized around the movement to stop Mountain Top Removal coalmining in Southern Appalachia. Underlying these narrative accounts, in this piece, I critique hip hop’s presumed urban-rural divide by highlighting its longstanding presence in in rural communities; I compare and contrast the effectiveness of using didactic versus coded environmentalist lyrics/themes; and I draw attention to the underappreciated connections between environmentalism and anti-racism. While acknowledging hip hop’s failure to thoroughly embrace an environmental justice agenda, through this personal case study, I draw attention to some of the groundwork that has been done in alternative hip-hop spaces and advocate for fruitful directions through which to move forward.
Reseña de "Dwellings of Enchantment: Writing and Reenchanting the Earth"
Authors: Hu Jing
Published: May 2022

Reseña de Dwellings of Enchantment: Writing and Reenchanting the Earth.
Book Review of "Der Anthropos im Anthropozän: Die Wiederkehr des Menschen im Moment seiner vermeintlich endgültigen Verabschiedung"
Authors: Klestil Matthias
Published: May 2022

Book review of Der Anthropos im Anthropozän: Die Wiederkehr des Menschen im Moment seiner vermeintlich endgültigen Verabschiedung.
Book Review of "Deutschsprachiges Nature Writing von Goethe bis zur Gegenwart"
Authors: Goodbody Axel
Published: May 2022

Book review of Deutschsprachiges Nature Writing von Goethe bis zur Gegenwart.
Reseña de "Visualizando el cambio. Humanidades ambientales / Envisioning Change: Environmental Humanities"
Authors: Aperribay-Bermejo Maite
Published: May 2022

Reseña de Visualizando el cambio. Humanidades ambientales / Envisioning Change: Environmental Humanities.
Hip Hop Ecologies: Mapping the Field(s). An introduction
Authors: Müller Timo , Durand Alain-Philippe
Published: May 2022

Introduction to the special issue.
Editorial
Authors: Benvegnù Damiano , Tavella Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Editorial.
Editorial 13.1
Authors: Sullivan Heather
Published: May 2022

Editorial 13.1.
Dietary Intake and Health Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Mssallem Muneera , Al-Arifi Sehad
Published: May 2022

Despite the positive effects of physical activity on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management, the lack of adequate evidence on the effects of dietary intake has raised concerns. This study aimed to assess dietary intake and its effect on glycaemic control among active and inactive patients with T2DM. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on patients with T2DM. Dietary food intake and physical activity were assessed using a validated questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. The daily consumption of fruit and vegetables was significantly higher in active patients compared with inactive patients (p = 0.00). Significantly higher daily rice consumption (p = 0.00) and lower dietary non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) intake (p < 0.01) were reported among inactive patients compared with active patients. The results also revealed a significantly higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level (8.37 1.51% vs 8.015 1.50%; p=0.02) and BMI (34.956.06 kg/m2 vs 31.725.62 kg/m2; p = 0.00) among inactive patients compared with active patients. A positive correlation was found between physical activity and NSP intake. The study found that a variety of lifestyle modifications, including increased physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption, could help manage glycaemic control in patients. The study further found that carbohydrate-rich NSPs may help lower BMI levels in patients with T2DM.
KEYWORDS
Dietary intake, glycaemic control, lifestyle, physical activity
Lessons Learned from the Covid-19 Pandemic to Raise the Quality of Residential Neighbourhoods: The Saudi Context
Authors: Haider Esam , Bahammam Ali
Published: May 2022

Saudi Arabia was one of the countries that undertook early precautionary measures from March 8 to June 21, 2020, to avoid the spread of Covid-19. These measures consisted of partial lockdowns and isolating some neighbourhoods from the rest of the city. The precautionary procedures impacted the isolated residents' ability to meet their needs and conduct `their daily activities, but the greatest impact appeared in low-density neighbourhoods that do not have full services. This paper proposes a set of recommendations and practical procedures to improve the quality of residential neighbourhoods and avoid negative effects as a result of a partial or total lockdown in the future. The steps involved in the study include the following: identify precautionary procedures; monitor and analyse the reactions resulting from their application; and identify the shortcomings that cause the negative effects and inability to meet the needs of the population. Based on the findings, this paper outlines recommendations for a set of procedures that would improve the quality of residential neighbourhoods and avoid negative effects should future precautionary measures be required.
KEYWORDS
Corona, precautionary measures, quality of residential neighbourhoods, Riyadh
Conservative Treatment of Odontogenic Keratocyst Using a Specially Designed Acrylic Stent-Obturator: A Case Report
Authors: Al Ateyah Amjad , Al Ali Mohammed , Al Habshi Manaf , Alshoulah Hussain , Abdulmadzhid Abdulkader , Al Bahrani Mohammed
Published: May 2022

An odontogenic keratocyst is a common oral lesion with high recurrence rates. There is an absence of a solid treatment consensus. Recurrence rates are reported to be higher in conservative treatment options. In this case report, we present a new method, utilizing a specially fabricated acrylic stent-obturator, aiding the conservative treatment methods in order to minimize lesion recurrence. A 42-year-old Saudi male with a 3.5 x 2.5 keratocyst on the right mandibular angle was treated successfully and conservatively in full abidance by medical community standards using the stent-obturator after lesion curettage alone, with no recurrence at three year follow up.
KEYWORDS
Odontogenic keratocyst, conservative management, obturator, re-curettage
The magnitude of the sound-induced flash illusion does not increase monotonically as a function of visual stimulus eccentricity
Authors: Gavin Niall , Hirst Rebecca J. , McGovern David P.
Published: May 2022

The sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI) occurs when a rapidly presented visual stimulus is accompanied by two auditory stimuli, creating the illusory percept of two visual stimuli. While much research has focused on how the temporal proximity of the audiovisual stimuli impacts susceptibility to the illusion, comparatively less research has focused on the impact of spatial manipulations. Here, we aimed to assess whether manipulating the eccentricity of visual flash stimuli altered the properties of the temporal binding window associated with the SIFI. Twenty participants were required to report whether they perceived one or two flashes that were concurrently presented with one or two beeps. Visual stimuli were presented at one of four different retinal eccentricities (2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10 degrees below fixation) and audiovisual stimuli were separated by one of eight stimulus-onset asynchronies. In keeping with previous findings, increasing stimulus-onset asynchrony between the auditory and visual stimuli led to a marked decrease in susceptibility to the illusion allowing us to estimate the width and amplitude of the temporal binding window. However, varying the eccentricity of the visual stimulus had no effect on either the width or the peak amplitude of the temporal binding window, with a similar pattern of results observed for both the “fission” and “fusion” variants of the illusion. Thus, spatial manipulations of the audiovisual stimuli used to elicit the SIFI appear to have a weaker effect on the integration of sensory signals than temporal manipulations, a finding which has implications for neuroanatomical models of multisensory integration.
Evaluation of the expert's opinion in the criminal process
Authors: LOZA Tetiana
Published: May 2022

Introduction. One of the factors negatively affecting the quality of the investigation of crimes is the improper use of the results of forensic examinations in the process of proving and their incorrect assessment. In most cases, the investigator, the investigating judge, the prosecutor and the court regard the expert's opinion as a fundamental truth, which is crucial for substantiating the procedural decision. At the same time, the case law shows that experts often make mistakes both in choosing the methods of examination and in expert assessment. The purpose of the paper is studying some issues of the main properties of the assessment of the expert's opinion in criminal proceedings. Results. Evaluation of the expert's opinion – one of the stages of the formation of the expert's opinion as evidence, during and as a result of which is determined, in fact, its probative value; the appropriateness of the expert's opinion is determined by its content, it determines the suitability of the opinion to serve as a means of establishing circumstances relevant to criminal proceedings; the admissibility of the expert's opinion is determined mainly by compliance with the procedural procedure and requirements for forensic examinations; the reliability of the expert's opinion is determined by the completeness and correctness of the substantive and scientific approaches used by the expert in establishing a specific fact during the expert study. Conclusion. Evaluation of the expert's opinion is essentially a time-consuming task, the content of which is to carefully study the opinion. Without the involvement of relevant specialists, the investigator, investigating judge, prosecutor, court, using their knowledge and being legal practitioners, can easily identify inconsistencies in the conclusion of the formal requirements prescribed by law. As for the content of the conclusion, it causes significant difficulties.