bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-efficiency Electrochemical Dehydrogenative Coupling Synthesis of S-N/S-S Bonds
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Tong , Wang Ruke , Ma Linzheng , Liu Jing , Sun Jifu
Published: February 2022

The catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of thiols with amines to produce desired sulfenamides and disulfides is an important catalytic reaction in industry. Presented herein is a protocol for the highly efficient electrochemical dehydrogenative coupling of thiols with amines/thiols to form S-N/S-S bonds, enabling the synthesis of S-N/S-S bonds under ambient conditions in the absence of oxidants, acids/bases or toxic (explosive) electrolytes, and the majority of the corresponding products are generated in yields of up to 99%. This protocol is believed to have great potential for industrial application.
Investigation of Rolling Modes, Structure and Properties of Aluminum-Magnesium Alloy Plates With a Reduced Scandium Content
Authors: Sidelnikov Sergey Borisovich , Baranov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Konstantinov Igor Lazarevich , Zenkin Evgeniy Yuryevich , Lopatina Ekaterina Sergeevna , Bezrukikh Aleksandr Innokentyevich , Voroshilov Denis Sergeevich , Yuryev Pavel Olegovich , Mansurov Yulbarskhon Nabievich , Voroshilova Marina Vladimirovna , Belokonova Irina Nikolaevna , Galiev Roman Ilsurovich
Published: February 2022

Investigations of the rolling modes of plates from an experimental aluminum-magnesium alloy with a scandium content of 0.10-0.11 wt.%, corresponding to the chemical composition of the 1580 alloy, were carried out in laboratory and industrial conditions. It has been found that alloying of this material with scandium within the indicated limits leads to a significant grain refinement in the cast ingot and an increase in the strength properties of deformed semi-finished products. Based on the results of physical modeling of the rolling process, rational reduction modes are proposed, which made it possible to obtain deformed semi-finished products with the required level of mechanical properties. To assess the formation patterns of the metal structure necessary to obtain high-quality plates, a metallographic analysis of the structure of cast and deformed semi-finished products from an experimental alloy was carried out. The results were used to test the reduction modes during sheet rolling and to adjust the casting parameters of experimental ingots. Based on the results of the research, recommendations were formulated for the development and implementation of an industrial technology for rolling plates from alloy 1580 with a thickness of 31.5-45 mm from ingots with a thickness of 300-450 mm.
Study on machining performance in grinding of Ni-base single crystal superalloy DD5
Authors: Cai Ming , Zhu Tao , Gao Xingjun , Yan Yongfei , Yu Ning , Zeng Lei
Published: February 2022

The Ni-base single crystal superalloy DD5 is commonly employed in critical parts of turbine blades and turbine discs in aeronautical engines. To improve the surface machining quality, single-factor experiments were carried out to investigate the changes of grinding force, surface morphology and chip morphology under different grinding conditions (dry, conventional flood, minimum quantity lubrication). The experiments showed that the conventional flood lubrication and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) could enormously reduce the surface roughness, grinding force, and work-hardened layer thickness of DD5. At the depth of 5~15 μm, the DD5 subsurface microhardness decreased sharply with the increase of depth, and the microhardness under different grinding conditions was in the order of dry grinding, conventional flood, and MQL. However, at the depth of 20~150 μm, the DD5 subsurface microhardness tended to equilibrate and fluctuate around 540 HV. In addition, compared with dry grinding, the degree of chip serration was obvious in flood or MQL environment, and its chip formation frequency fluctuated less and chip formation was stable. Within the experimental parameters, the MQL grinding machining method obtained the lowest surface roughness and the highest surface quality with the lowest associated cost, which is the ideal grinding and cooling lubrication method for the Ni-base single crystal superalloy.
Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus derived from Mandarin fish was pathogenic to Largemouth Bass
Authors: Ning-qiu LI , LIANG Hong-ru , FU Xiao-zhe , Xiao-ting Zhang , Zhi-yi FAN , Qiang LIN , NIU Yin-jie , Xia LUO
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSiniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) is one of the most important causativea gents of fish viral diseases, especially the virulent strains. SCRVcould cause significant loss and damages in the fish breeding industry. However, the pathogenesis of SCRV is unclear.MethodsIn the present study, two SCRV strains (SCRV-QY strain, SCRV-GM strain) derived from Mandarin fish was pathogenic to Largemouth Bass and the pathogenicity was revealed. The viral RNA copy numbers and innate immune activity detected by real-time qRT-PCRThe tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). And the sections of tissue were then examined by light microscope.ResultsBoth of two strains were lethal to Largemouth Bass, which showed obvious clinical symptoms/pathology. The SCRV-GM strain was more virulent than the SCRV-QY strain and had higher mortality. Largemouth Bass infected with the SCRV-GM strain had higher viral RNA copy numbers than those of fishes infected with the SCRV-QY strain in all tissues. The viral RNA copy numbers were higher in the kidney, brain and spleen, which may be the target organ of virus. Additionally, the expression levels of innate immune activity-related genes, including Viperin, IRF-7, IRAK1 and Mx, were slightly up-regulated in the brain on the 7th and 21st day. Moerover, the Mx was slightly up-regulated in the intestine and spleen on the 7th and 21st day.ConclusionsIn the study, the two SCRV strains derived from Mandarin fish was lethal to Largemouth Bass and were characterized by systematic elucidation, which can help to understand the virus and diagnose the associated disease.
The Pattern and Spread of Invasion Can Predict Late Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kato Koroku , Miyazawa Hiroki , Kobayashi Hisano , Kishikawa Yoshiaki , Funaki Hayato , Noguchi Natsuyo , Ooi Kazuhiro , Kawashiri Shuichi
Published: February 2022

To determine the predictive indexes of late cervical lymph node metastasis in early tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 25 patients with stage I/II TSCC who had undergone surgical treatment without elective neck dissection. We evaluated the relationships between clinicopathologic factors and the occurrence of late cervical lymph node metastasis. Of the 25 cases, metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes was observed in nine cases (36.0%). The clinicopathological factors associated with late cervical lymph node metastasis were the mode of invasion (MOI, p=0.032), depth of invasion (DOI, p=0.004), and perineural invasion (PNI, p=0.040). A multivariate analysis revealed that only the DOI was an independent predictor of late cervical lymph node metastasis. The combination of the DOI and MOI or the PNI and MOI was significantly correlated with late cervical lymph node metastasis (p=0.004 and p=0.012, respectively). Our findings suggest that combinations of the MOI, DOI, and PNI could be used as an index for predicting late cervical lymph node metastasis in early TSCC.
Translation and Psychometric Properties of the "Palliative Care Attitudes Scale (PCAS-9)"
Authors: Bagheri Sajad , Barkhordari-Sharifabad Maasoumeh , Nasiriani Khadijeh , Javadi-Estahbanati Mostafa
Published: February 2022

Background: Palliative care improves the quality of life of patients and their families; attitudes toward such cares are effective in accepting or rejecting them. It is necessary to assess the attitude of patients in this field. This study was aimed to translate and investigate psychometric properties of the Palliative Care Attitudes Scale (PCAS-9) in the Iranian community.Materials & Methods: This methodological research has been done in two parts of translation and psychometric evaluation. After translation and cultural adaptation, face validity (10 patients), content validity (10 experts), and construct validity were assessed using exploratory factor analysis (300 patients) and confirmatory factor analysis (210 patients). Then, internal consistency reliability and stability (30 patients) were measured for reliability. SPSS20 and LISREL were used for data analysis.Results: PCAS-9 includes 9 items whose Persian translation were approved. Face and content validities were acceptable. Results of exploratory factor analysis showed three factors: emotional, cognitive, and behavioral. In confirmatory factor analysis, the values of fitness indices confirmed the appropriate fit of the model. The internal consistency reliability in the whole instrument was 0.929 and the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.854.Conclusions: Findings showed that the Persian version of the PCAS-9 had acceptable psychometric properties. It can be used to evaluate patients' attitudes toward palliative care in the Iranian community.
Pharmacological modulation of glutamatergic and neuroinflammatory pathways in a Lafora disease mouse model
Authors: Mollá Belén , Heredia Miguel , Campos Ángela , Sanz Pascual
Published: February 2022

Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal rare neurodegenerative disorder that affects young adolescents and has no treatment yet. The hallmark of LD is the presence of polyglucosan inclusions (PGs), called Lafora bodies (LBs), in the brain and peripheral tissues. LD is caused by mutations in either EPM2A or EPM2B genes, which respectively encode laforin, a glucan phosphatase, and malin, an E3-ubiquitin ligase, with identical clinical presentation. LD knockout mouse models (Epm2a-/- and Epm2b-/-) recapitulate PGs body accumulation, as in the human pathology, and display alterations in glutamatergic transmission and neuroinflammatory pathways in the brain. In this work, we show the results of four pre-clinical trials based on the modulation of glutamatergic transmission (riluzole and memantine) and anti-neuroinflammatory interventions (resveratrol and minocycline) as therapeutical strategies in an Epm2b-/- mouse model. Drugs were administered in mice from 3 to 5 months of age, corresponding early stage of the disease, and we evaluated the beneficial effect of the drugs by in vivo behavioral phenotyping and ex vivo histopathological brain analyses. The behavioral assessment was based on a battery of anxiety, cognitive, and neurodegenerative tests and the histopathological analyses included a panel of markers regarding PGs accumulation, astrogliosis, and microgliosis. Overall, the outcome of ameliorating the excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission present in Epm2b-/- mice by memantine displayed therapeutic effectiveness at the behavioral levels. Modulation of neuroinflammation by resveratrol and minocycline also showed beneficial effects at the behavioral level. Therefore, our study suggests that both therapeutical strategies could be beneficial for the treatment of LD patients.
Unique mutation and gene expression in High Hyperdiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia with whole chromosome uniparental isodisomy
Authors: Parihar Mayur , Ganguli Debdutta , Banerjee Anindyajit , Islam Rubina , Basu Sangramjit , Bhattacharya Chumki , Sarkar Piyali , Bhagwat Shivani , Ghose Subhoshree , Saha Debparna , Zaheer Uzma , Siddhanta Ritam , Paul Pritha , Sidhu Jasmeet , Das Nandana , Gogoi Manash , Chakraborty Abhijit , Varma Binuja , Sunderam Uma , Ramasubramaniam Abhirami , Biswas Nidhan , Das Chitrarpita , Singh Manish , Chakraborty Barun , Gorantla Ashish , Ghara Niharendu , Mishra Deepak , Krishnan Shekhar , Sriniva Rajgopal , Saha Vaskar
Published: February 2022

Whole genome copy number alterations, targeted gene-panel and RNA sequencing were used to investigate differences in high hyperdiploid (HH) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with and without whole chromosome uniparental isodisomy (wUPD). Patients with wUPD demonstrated a higher modal number of chromosomes with gains of chromosome 5. Mutations in genes within epigenetic pathways with upregulation of genes involved in cellular response to stress and stimuli were seen in wUPD, in contrast to mutations in RAS/RTK pathways and upregulation of genes in RNA Polymerase III pathway in noUPD. AP-1 transcription factors and NUDT18, potentially implicated in thiopurine drug resistance, were upregulated in wUPD. wUPD was associated with female gender, higher presenting white cell count and lower end of induction minimal residual disease levels, though survival rates were similar in the two groups. Genome-wide differences in HH ALL with and without UPD suggest plausible biological explanations for the heterogeneity in therapeutic response.
Rapid-SL: Identification of Higher Order Synthetic Lethal Sets with an Arbitrary Cardinality
Authors: Manshadi Mehdi Dehghan , Setoodeh Payam , Zare Habil
Published: February 2022

The multidrug resistance of numerous pathogenic microorganisms is a serious challenge that raises global healthcare concerns. Multi-target medications and combinatorial therapeutics are much more effective than single-target drugs due to their synergistic impact on the systematic activities of microorganisms. A synthetic lethal (SL) is a set of non-essential targets (i.e., reactions or genes) that prevent the proliferation of a microorganism when they are “knocked out” simultaneously. To facilitate the identification of SLs, we introduce Rapid-SL, a new multimodal implementation of the Fast-SL method, using the depth-first search algorithm. The advantages of Rapid-SL over Fast-SL include: (a) the enumeration of all SLs that have an arbitrary cardinality, (b) a shorter runtime due to search space reduction, (c) embarrassingly parallel computations, and (d) the targeted identification of SLs. Targeted identification is important because the enumeration of higher order SLs demands the examination of too many reaction sets. Accordingly, we present specific applications of Rapid-SL for the efficient targeted identification of SLs. In particular, we found up to 67% of all quadruple SLs by investigating about 1% of the search space. Furthermore, 307 sextuples, 476 septuples, and over 9,000 octuples are found for Escherichia coli genome-scale model, iAF1260.
Associations Between Fatty Acids Intake And Tension-Type Headache: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Balmaseda Diego Domínguez , de Sevilla Guillermo García Pérez , Flor Angel González de la , Muñiz José Angel Del Blanco
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Patients with tension-type headache (TTH) are characterized by recurrent pain that can become disabling, accompanied by sensory, motor and neurovascular changes, with a prevalence of between 36 and 78% in adults. Identifying the dietary triggers of headaches has led to defining dietary strategies to prevent this disease since excessive consumption, for example, of fats is widely accepted as unhealthy. Within the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), they have shown that Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of ω-3 fatty acids. In contrast, excessive dietary intake of Omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids, or an ω-6: ω3 ≥ 5 ratio, typical of Western diets, has been associated with a higher prevalence of headaches.Objectives: The objectives of the present study were to compare dietary fatty acid intake between participants with and without chronic TTH and to investigate the cross-sectional association of dietary fatty acid intake, pain characteristics, and quality of life in patients with chronic TTH.Methods: An observational study was conducted following the Strengthening Statement of the Reporting Initiative on Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE), comparing healthy participants and participants diagnosed with chronic CT, for more than six months according to the Society's Headache Study Group criteria. Spanish of Neurology. For the study we used characteristics of headache episodes, headache impact test and diet analysis as variables.Results: There were no significant differences between the TTH group and the CG in anthropometric and demographic variables. The TTH group reported a significantly higher intake of SFA. Furthermore, significant associations were found between PUFA intake and headache characteristics. However, even though the TTH group reported a significant impact of headaches on their activities of daily living according to the HIT-6 questionnaire, there were no significant correlations between the HIT-6 score and fat intake. Regarding the total daily intake of MUFAs, PUFAs, and ω-6 fatty acids, there were no significant differences between the TTH group and the control group. However, there was a moderate positive correlation between ω-6 fatty acid intake and headache intensity.Conclusion: Chronic tension-type headache patients showed higher intakes of SFA, but similar intakes of MUFAs, PUFAs and ω-6: ω-3 ratio when compared to controls. In addition, Ω-6 fatty acids intake and ω-6: ω-3 ratio were associated with headache episodes.
Postoperative complications and risk factors among women who underwent caesarean delivery from Northern Tanzania: a hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Mangi Glory , Mlay Pendo , Oneko Olola , Maokola Werner , swai Patricia
Published: February 2022

Background: Caesarean section is one of the most performed surgeries across the whole globe. However, just like any major surgery, CS is associated with complications like haemorrhage, surgical site infection, Venous thromboembolism and anaesthesia related complications. These associated morbidity and mortality have been there despite improvements in blood transfusion services, the use of prophylactic antibiotics, anaesthesia and surgical techniques. This study aims to determine the rate of caesarean section complications, characterize their timing and identify risk factors to maternal complications among women delivered at KCMC hospital.Method: A cross-sectional analytical study of 386 women who delivered by CS at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center(KCMC) hospital from October 2018 to May 2019 was done. Data were obtained from the delivery register, patients, clinical and anaesthesia notes using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Social-demographic characteristic, past medical, obstetric, surgical and family social history were sought from every study participant. Prevalence of complication was computed as a proportion of women with one or more complications out of all the women delivered during the study period. STATA version 13 was used for multivariable analysis to determine independent risk factors for the most prevalent complications. Odds ratio and 95% CI has been used to make an association. Whereby P-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 386 deliveries,106(27.5%) had one or more complications. The most common immediate complications were anaesthesia related, blood transfusion , postpartum hemorrhage(PPH), hysterectomy and ICU admission. While most common early complications (24 -72 hours of the operation) were puerperal sepsis, anaesthesia related complications, blood transfusion and ICU admission. Longer duration of surgery was significantly associated with all the complications (aOR 2.90, 95% CI 1.02-8.50), Grand multiparity was significantly associated with blood transfusion (aOR 7.0, 95% CI 1.40-34.35) and PPH (aOR 6.4, 95%CI 1.5-24.24) while pre-operative anaemia was significantly associated with blood transfusion (aOR 4.34,95% CI 1.90-9.45).Conclusion: Longer duration of surgery, grand multiparity and pre-operative anaemia are associated with complications. Hence, the medical team should be alert of the possible morbidity and mortality that can occur and get prepared beforehand.
High PEEP levels during CPR improve ventilation without deleterious hemodynamic effects in pigs
Authors: Renz Miriam , Müllejans Leah , Riedel Julian , Mohnke Katja , Rissel René , Ziebart Alexander , Hartmann Erik Kristoffer , Ruemmler Robert
Published: February 2022

Background: Invasive ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is very complex due to unique thoracic pressure conditions. Current guidelines do not provide specific recommendations for ventilation during ongoing chest compressions. This trial examines the cardiopulmonary effects of PEEP application during CPR. Three PEEP levels were compared in high (IPPV) and ultralow tidal volume ventilation (ULTVV).Materials and methods: Forty-two German landrace pigs were anesthetized, instrumented, and randomized into six intervention groups: PEEP 0, 8, and 16 mbar with IPPV or ULTVV. After the induction of ventricular fibrillation, mechanical chest compressions and ventilation were initiated. Blood gases, micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometry facilitated multiple inert gas elimination technique (MMIMS-MIGET) samples and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) loops were taken. Ventilation pressures and hemodynamic parameters were measured continuously. Postmortem lung tissue damage was assessed using the diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) score. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, and p values ​​<0.05 were considered significant.Results: The driving pressure (Pdrive) showed significantly lower values when using PEEP 16 mbar than when using PEEP 8 mbar (p=0.045) or PEEP 0 mbar (p<0.001) when adjusted for the ventilation mode. When not using PEEP, considerable overall lung damage was detected in the PEEP 0 mbar group (vs. PEEP 8 mbar, p=0.038; vs. PEEP 16 mbar, p=0.009) when adjusted for the ventilation mode. No significant differences between the groups occurred in the mean arterial pressure, even when using high PEEP levels.Conclusion: The use of PEEP during CPR seems beneficial because it optimizes ventilation pressures as well as reduces lung damage without significantly compromising blood pressure. Further studies are needed to examine long-term effects in resuscitated animals.
Comparison of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Identifying Cardiovascular Risk in Chinese Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Dai Lie , Zou Yao-Wei , Li Qian-Hua , Gao Jing-Wei , Pan Jie , Ma Jian-Da , Chen Le-Feng , Lin Jian-Zi , Mo Ying-Qian , Zhang Xue-Pei , Liu Pin-Ming
Published: February 2022

Background: The nomenclature from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is considered to identify more cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in general population, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carry an excess risk for CVD. We aimed to compare MAFLD with NAFLD in identifying CVD risk in RA patients.Methods: Clinical data from a Chinese RA cohort were retrospectively analyzed. Hepatic steatosis was defined by abdominal ultrasound examination. CVD risk in RA patients was estimated by the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China.Results: Among 513 included RA patients, 78.4% were female and the mean ± SD age was 51.8 ± 12.6 years. The prevalence of MAFLD and NAFLD was 21.4% and 20.5%, respectively. 10.9% RA patients concomitated with CVD events and 32.4% had a high 10-year CVD risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that both MAFLD and NAFLD were associated with an increase in CVD events (MAFLD: AOR = 2.303; NAFLD: AOR = 2.478) and high 10-year CVD risk (MAFLD: AOR = 3.184; NAFLD: AOR = 2.870, all p < 0.05). The net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement indicated no additional CVD events and high 10-years CVD risk were identified when replacing NAFLD with MAFLD in RA patients. Conclusions: Both MAFLD and NAFLD are associated with an increased CVD risk which implies the importance of early detection and management of MAFLD or NAFLD in RA patients. However, new nomenclature of MAFLD identify no additional CVD risk in RA patients.
Overexpression of RNF180 Inhibits Progression and Metastasis by Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation and Immune Infiltration in Renal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Encheng , Tang Heting , Guan Yaping , Fei Cheng , Yuan Zhihao , Guo Tuanjie , Qin Yan , Shen Bing , Liu Haixia , Wang Yuqi , Tan Mingyue , Fan Yu , Wang Xiang
Published: February 2022

Background: Molecular biomarkers combined with histopathological examination are of critical importance in the diagnosis and treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The occurrence and development of ccRCC is closely related to abnormal E3 ubiquitin enzyme. Although recent studies have revealed that Ring Finger Protein 180 (RNF180)，known as an E3 ubiquitination enzyme, could regulate the cell proliferation, and differentiation in different cancers, the precise role of RNF180 in renal cancer remains to be elucidated. Methods: Western-blot, qPCR and CCK-8 assay were performed to initially explore and further validate the function of RNF180. The effect of RNF180 on cell migration and invasion was verified by Transwell assay and EdU assay. The morphology of the tissue slides was evaluated by HE staining and immunohistochemical assay. Cell line-derived xenograft models in mice further validated the effect of RNF180 in vivo. Bioinformatics tools based on public databases were used to assess patient survival and immune infiltration.Results: RNF180 is significantly down-regulated in multiple cancer-related databases and ccRCC cell lines. By using immunohistochemical analysis, we found that the expression level of RNF180 was also downregulated in ccRCC and the lower expression level of the RNF180 was associated with poorer clinical outcomes in renal cancer patients. Overexpression of RNF180 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCCs in vitro. In vivo, RNF180 could also modulate renal cancer progression in murine subcutaneous xenografts and liver metastasis. Strikingly, we further investigated the underlying mechanism and found that overexpression of RNF180 inhibited the progression of ccRCC by reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and may related to immune infiltration.Conclusion: These results indicated that RNF180 can be used as a new diagnostic marker and prognostic factor, and can be served as a therapeutic target for ccRCC.
Suppression of the RAS/ERK pathway by Tmsb10 is the key step for promoting fetal Leydig cell differentiation from progenitors
Authors: Inoue Miki , Baba Takashi , Takahashi Fumiya , Terao Miho , Yanai Shogo , Shima Yuichi , Saito Daisuke , Sugihara Kei , Miura Takashi , Takada Shuji , Suyama Mikita , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Morohashi Ken-ichirou
Published: February 2022

Leydig cells in fetal testes play crucial roles in masculinizing fetuses through androgen production. Gene knockout studies have revealed that growth factors are implicated in fetal Leydig cell (FLC) differentiation, but little is known about the mechanisms regulating this process. We investigated this issue by characterizing FLC progenitor cells using single-cell RNA sequencing. The sequence datasets suggested that thymosin β10 (Tmsb10) was transiently upregulated in the progenitors. While studying the function of Tmsb10, we revealed that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) regulated ciliogenesis through the RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, and thereby promoted desert hedgehog (DHH)-dependent FLC differentiation. Tmsb10 expressed in the progenitor cells induced their differentiation into FLCs by suppressing the RAS/ERK pathway. Through characterizing the transiently expressed Tmsb10 in the FLC progenitors, this study unveiled the molecular process of FLC differentiation and showed that it is cooperatively induced by DHH and PDGF.
Peritoneal inclusion cyst: a rare occurrence in incisional hernia
Authors: Konkay Kaumudi , Mandava Vijayasree , swargam Priya Madhooli
Published: February 2022

Peritoneal inclusion cysts are cysts of mesenteric origin and usually have an indolent course. They can occasionally become symptomatic depending on their size and location. We present a rare case of Peritoneal inclusion cyst presenting as Incisional hernia. This is the first reported case of Peritoneal inclusion cyst presenting as incisional hernia to the best of our knowledge.
Monocular scene flow estimation for dynamic traffic scenes
Authors:   , Brickwedde Fabian
Published: February 2022

The main topic of the present thesis is scene flow estimation in a monocular camera system. Scene flow describes the joint representation of 3D positions and motions of the scene. A special focus is placed on approaches that combine two kinds of information, deep-learning-based single-view depth estimation and model-based multi-view geometry. The first part addresses single-view depth estimation focussing on a method that provides single-view depth information in an advantageous form for monocular scene flow estimation methods. A convolutional neural network, called ProbDepthNet, is proposed, which provides pixel-wise well-calibrated depth distributions. The experiments show that different strategies for quantifying the measurement uncertainty provide overconfident estimates due to overfitting effects. Therefore, a novel recalibration technique is integrated as part of the ProbDepthNet, which is validated to improve the calibration of the uncertainty measures. The monocular scene flow methods presented in the subsequent parts confirm that the integration of single-view depth information results in the best performance if the neural network provides depth distributions instead of single depth values and contains a recalibration. Three methods for monocular scene flow estimation are presented, each one designed to combine multi-view geometry-based optimization with deep learning-based single-view depth estimation such as ProbDepthNet. While the first method, SVD-MSfM, performs the motion and depth estimation as two subsequent steps, the second method, Mono-SF, jointly optimizes the motion estimates and the depth structure. Both methods are tailored to address scenes, where the objects and motions can be represented by a set of rigid bodies. Dynamic traffic scenes are one kind of scenes that essentially fulfill this characteristic. The method, Mono-Stixel, uses an even more specialized scene model for traffic scenes, called stixel world, as underlying scene representation. The proposed methods provide new state of the art for monocular scene flow estimation with Mono-SF being the first and leading monocular method on the KITTI scene flow benchmark at the time of submission of the present thesis. The experiments validate that both kind of information, the multi-view geometric optimization and the single-view depth estimates, contribute to the monocular scene flow estimates and are necessary to achieve the new state of the art accuracy.
Cut-flower Carnation Photoluminescence: Potential New Value-added Product
Authors: Pace Abby , Dunn Bruce L. , Fontanier Charles , Goad Carla , Singh Hardeep
Published: February 2022

Success of the floral industry lies in strengthening the fresh flower market with value-added products. An experiment was conducted to quantify luminescence of cut-flower white carnations after exposure to two fluorescent products (dye from a yellow highlighter or glow-in-the-dark spray paint). Single stems were placed in bud vases that were filled with 240 mL deionized water and 2 g floral preservative. Highlighter treatments were applied to the vase as either one drop, three drops, or half of the dye reservoir (half stick). Paint treatments were applied at 2-, 4-, or 6-second durations to the flowers. Combination treatments were applied as three drops of highlighter dye plus either 2, 4, or 6 seconds of paint application. Treatments were compared against each other and a nontreated control. There were five repetitions of three stems per treatment arranged in a completely randomized design. Measurements were taken daily on stem fresh weight, flower diameter, quality rating, flower maximum brightness, flower mean brightness, relative stem fresh weight percentage, overall solution absorption rate percentage, and daily solution absorption rate. Stem fresh weight, relative stem fresh weight percentage, flower diameter, and overall solution absorption rate were greatest on day 4. Flower maximum brightness without ultraviolet (UV) light was greatest 2 days after treatment (DAT), but still produced a detectable glow through 8 DAT. Among treatments before UV charge, the 6-second paint duration provided the greatest flower maximum brightness value. The half-stick highlighter treatment had the greatest vase mean brightness. All paint treatments reduced flower quality. For each treated flower, the UV charge increased the brightness values, which ranged from 53% to 206% greater than before the UV charge. White carnations can luminesce with spray applications of glow-in-the-dark spray paint or through the stem absorption method using yellow highlighter dye, with the latter being less detrimental to vase life but requiring a UV light source to glow.
PREDICTING PURCHASE INTENTION TOWARD HALAL PACKAGED FOOD FROM NON-MUSLIM MANUFACTURERS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MUSLIM IN THAILAND AND INDONESIA
Authors: Ruangkanjanases Athapol , Sermsaksopon Tassaya
Published: February 2022

Halal packaged food products have attracted much attention in ASEAN where its largest member, Indonesia, is the world’s most populous Muslim country and is a major market in the region. For non-Muslim country like Thailand, Islam also has significant role being the second popular religion after Buddhism. Although Islamic population in Thailand is not as great as in Islamic countries, Thailand plays a substantial part in halal business as beingrecognized as a food production base exporting halal food worldwide. Therefore, the major objective of this study is to identify and analyze the significant factors that influence purchase intention of Thai and Indonesian Muslims toward halal packaged food products from non-Muslim manufacturers. This study used a survey to collect data consisting of 200 Thai respondents and 200 Indonesian respondents. The results indicated that product ingredients significantly influenced consumers’ intention to purchase both in Thailand and Indonesia while halal certification only significantly influenced consumers’ intention to purchase in Indonesia.
EXPLORING QUALITY DETERMINANTS IN AIRLINE SERVICES: A STUDY OF CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE IN VIETNAM
Authors: Hoang Y Nha Ngoc , Kumar Vikas , Amorim Marlene
Published: February 2022

The increasing prices of oil, rank as one of the main threats to airlines. Generally, all airlines will adjust their prices to deal with oil price variations, and this often impacts customer service satisfaction. However, there tends to be gapin research exploring the relationship between the changing oil prices and its impact on customer satisfaction in the airline sector. This research gap widens particularly in the context of an airline operating in the developing country context. This study therefore explores the relationship between oil prices, perceived service quality, customer loyalty and customer satisfaction for a Vietnamese airline. The study reports the findings from a survey of 235 passengers of Vietnam airlines and explores the relationships between prices, service quality, service satisfaction and loyalty. Our findings indicate that increasing oil prices do affect the customer satisfaction negatively however customer loyalty largely remains unaffected.
COVID-19 -AFFECTING MALNUTRITION IN INDIA
Authors: Sandhu Kanchan
Published: February 2022

Covid-19 has posed bizarre challenges for all over the world including India. Though the number of patients suffering with Covid-19 is small compared to many other countries, still the Covid-19 has smacked the already going on scuffle with unemployment and malnutrition in India. The human race slept in a different world and woke up in a world affected and fearedwith Covid-19. No one was prepared for such a pandemic. The hasty multiplication of corona virus affected patients changed the world massively. Bythe time its horrific effect is realized, it has already spread world over. Though, theeffect of Covid -19 is not time bound or geographically limited but its impact on mankind, livelihoods, health and mindsets is going to be everlasting.
Chemical Studies on Plant Movement
Authors: Ueda Minoru , Yamamura Shosuke
Published: February 2022

Many plants close their leaves in the evening, as if to sleep, and open them early in the morning. Such a circadian rhythm has been known to be controlled by their internal clock. Since Ricca's ingenious experiments suggested that some chemicals play an important role in the leaf-movement of Mimosa pudica, many biologists and chemists have attempted to locate the leaf - closing substances, and a number of compounds have been obtai­
ned, particularly, by Schildknecht et al. Recently, we were also able to isolate a small amount of a stimulant (activity: ca. 108 - 10·9 M) from the same plant, which consists of three different
components (potassium L-malate; magnesium trans-acconitate; dimethylammonium salt). Further extensive study on other nyctinastic plants led to the isolation of a variety of leaf-closing substances.

On the other hand, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been reported to be effective for Mimosa pudica as a leaf-opening factor. Three leaf-opening substance named potassium lespedezate, cis-p-coumaroylagmatine, and calcium 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoyl-cis-p-coumarate have been isolated from Lespedeia cuneate G. Don , Albizzia julibrissin D. and Cassia mimosoides, respectively. Based on our experiments using the leaf-opening and -closing substances, the circadian rhythm of these plants must be controlled by their internal clock which regulates a balance of concentration between the leaf-opening and closing substances.
LC/NMR in Natural Products Chemistry
Authors: Wolfender Jean-Luc , Ndjoko Karine , Hostettmann Kurt
Published: February 2022

Efficient detection and rapid characterisation of natural products play an important role for their study in complex biological matrices such as crude plant extracts. Their preliminary identification at the earliest stage of separation is a strategic element for guiding selective isolation procedures. Hyphenated techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to UV and mass spectrometry (LC/UV/MS) have proved to
be extremely useful in combination with biological screening for a rapid survey of natural products. However, these coupled techniques do not allow a full on-line identification, except for some well-known natural products, and complementary on-line spectroscopic information is needed. Thus, HPLC coupled to nuclear magnetic resonance (LC/NMR) represents a potentially interesting complementary technique to LC/UV/MS for detailed on-line structural analysis. Indeed recent progress in NMR technology has given a new impulse to LC/NMR which is now emerging as a powerful analytical tool. The development of efficient solvent suppression
techniques enables the measurement of high quality LC/1H-NMR spectra, both on-flow and
stop-flow, with reversed-phase HPLC conditions. Non-deuterated solvents such as MeOH or MeCN can be used, while water is replaced by D2O. In this review, a summary of the basic principles and modes of operation of LC/NMR are briefly described. Selected examples of LC/NMR analyses of natural products in crude p lant extract o r in enriched fractions are presented. They include different ways of using this technique. An overview of the relatively
scarce applications with natural products is given. The potential and the limitations of LC/NMR in conjunction with LC/UV/MS for the on-line analysis of plant metabolites are discussed.
Syntheses and Transformations of Azeto[2,1-a]- and -[2,1- b]isoquinolines and Azeto[1' ,2':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles
Authors: Fulop Ferenc
Published: February 2022

The syntheses, transformations and some of the biological features of azeto[2,1-a]­ and -[2,1-b]isoquinolines and azeto[1',2':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles are reviewed. Both angularly and linearly fused azetidine derivatives of isoquinolines are known. As concerns the related pyridoindoles, only the angularly fused azeto[1',2':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles have been prepared and investigated. The most interesting and characteristic transformations of azetoisoquinolines and azeto[1',2':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles are the ring enlargement reactions; these result, for example, in eight-membered ring derivatives which were difficult to synthesize by earlier methods. Such derivatives are versatile intermediates for the synthesis of biologically important compounds. Some of the azetoisoquinolin-2-ones synthesized and tested to date display weak antibiotic activity. Several other azetoisoquinolines exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities.
Recent Progress in Glycochemistry and Green Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xie Wenhua , Wang Jianqiang , Chen Xi , Fang Jianwen , Chen Yongsheng , Li Jun , Yu Libing , Chen Depu , Wang Peng George
Published: February 2022

This two-part article will focus on the most recent research efforts from the Wang's group in areas of glycochemistry and green chemistry. In the first part, we wish to address the progress in synthesis, conformational analysis, and transformations of some biologically active a­ galactosyl oligosaccharides. Carbohydrate structures containing Gala1-3Galterminus (a-Gal epitopes) are xenoactive antigens and are considered to be the major cause for hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation. The latest chemo-enzymatic synthesis of a-galactosyl epitopes using a recombinant a1,3-galactosyltransferase is described. Along with an efficient chemical synthesis of an a-Gal trisaccharide, these synthetic approaches provide an easy access to this important class of oligosaccharides. Conformational analysis of an a-Gal epitope using various NMR techniques and molecular modeling is discussed. These studies provide important information in structure-function relationship and binding conformation of a-Gal epitopes and their interaction with anti-Gal antibody. In another aspect, novel glycoconjugates containing receptor-specific ligands and a-Gal epitopes have been synthesized as potential immunotherapeutic agents.
Microbial Transformations of Cytotoxic Natural Products
Authors: Atta-ur-Rahman  , Farooq Afgan , Anjum Shazia , Chaudhary M. Iqbal
Published: February 2022

The review describes the microbial transformations of different classes of cytotoxic natural products, i.e. terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, quinones and other aromatics. The microbial transformations of cytotoxic sesquiterpenes (nootkatone, aromodandrene, alloaromadendrene, 7a­ hydroxyfrullanolide and parthenin), diterpenoids (aphidicolin, 2a, 5a, 10 ,
14 -tetraacetoxy-4(20)-10-taxadiene, ent-15-oxobaur-16-en-19-oate, ste­
modin, sesquiterpene (sclareolide, a-santonin), triterpenoids (iridal, curcurbitacin E, 2-0-,8-D­ glucopyranoside, sadie grindelate), steroids (withaferin-A, 2,3 dihydro-3-methoxywithaferin-A), alkaloids (dihydrovindoline, vinblastine, leurosine, acronycin, tetrandirine, thelicarpine), aromatics (lapachol, chromanone, hydroxyflavones) and antibiotics (bleomycin, daunomycin, olivomycin and viridicatumtoxin) are described.
Application of Enzyme- and Microorganism-catalyzed Reactions to Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sugai Takeshi
Published: February 2022

Three topics of recent achievements in the application of enzyme- and microorganism-catalyzed reactions to organic synthesis are focused. 1) Asymmetric synthesis and enantiomeric resolution, such as yeast-catalyzed asymmetric reduction of a carbonyl group and hydrolytic enzyme - catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis of esters and transesterifica­
tion are described. Special emphasis is laid on the enzyme-catalyzed preparation of ex-hydroxy acids in enantiomerically enriched forms. Examples of enzyme-catalyzed asymmetric C-C bond formation are shortly commented. 2) The advantage of enzymatic hydrolysis of nitriles, amides, and esters are introduced, as the examples of the transformation of functional groups under mild condition. 3) The complementary use of chemical and enzymatic reaction in the total scheme is shown, in our synthesis of pyrenophorin and N-glycolylneuraminic acid.
Selective Enrichment and High-throughput Screening of Phage Surface-displayed eDNA Libraries from Complex Allergenic Systems
Authors: Crameri Reto , Walter Gerald
Published: February 2022

Phage surface display technology, first described in 1985, enables the construction of large combinatorial peptide and antibody libraries. The basic concept of linking the phenotype, expressed as gene product displayed on the phage surface, to its genetic information integrated into the phage genome, allows the survey of large libraries for the presence of specific clones using the discriminative power of affinity purification. The selection procedure involves the enrichment of phage by binding to an immobilized target molecule. As a consequence of the physical linkage between genotype and phenotype, sequencing the DNA of the inteyrated section of the phage genome can readily elucidate the amino acid sequence of a displayed gene product. Phage surface display technology has revolutionized our ability to select agonist and antagonist peptides, antibodies with desired specificities, and DNA-binding molecules. We have extended phage surface display to access eDNA libraries with this powerful screening technology based on affinity selection of desired clones. Here we discuss construction of eDNA libraries displayed on the phage surface, selective enrichment of clones and robotics-based high-throughput screening of enriched libraries.
Epitope Discovery Using Monoclonal Antibodies and Phage Peptide Libraries
Authors: Yip Yum L. , Ward Robyn L.
Published: February 2022

Phage display is a biological system which facilitates the cloning and rapid selection of peptides from large combinatorial libraries. In compa­ rison to the chemical combinatorial approach, the advantages of phage
display lie in its simplicity and replicability. While phage display has many diverse applications, this revie,w will focus on the use of phage peptide libraries to discover epitopes recognised by monoclonal antibodies. As monoclonal antibodies are useful tools for the detection of proteins and for the investigation of molecular interactions, the identification of their epitopes will serve to elucidate the structure and function of proteins, as well as aid in the discovery of new drugs and the development of vaccines.
Identification of Synthetic By-products in Combinatorial Libraries Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Eiectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Aubaqnac J-L. , Amblard M. , Enjalbal C. , Subra G. , Martinez J. , Durand P. , Renaut P.
Published: February 2022

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI) and high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to analyze randomly chosen samples from parallel syntheses carried out on derivatized polypropylene crowns compatible with a Multipin™ solid support system. Side­ reactions and by-products were clearly identified, and the yields of the expected molecules were unexpectedly low for most samples. LC-MS was superior to HPLC with absorbance detection or electrospray mass spectrometry alone for determining the identity and purity of each desired combinatorial compounds.