bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
miR-122–based therapies select for three distinct resistance mechanisms based on alterations in RNA structure
Authors: Chahal Jasmin , Gebert Luca F. R. , Camargo Carolina , MacRae Ian J. , Sagan Selena M.
Published: August 2021

Significance

MicroRNA (miRNA)–based drugs are quickly taking the clinic by storm. Herein, we analyzed resistance-associated variants (RAVs) to the first miRNA inhibitors to make it to the clinic, namely miR-122 inhibitors for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We uncovered three distinct resistance mechanisms based on unique alterations to the structure of the viral RNA. Specifically, RAVs altered the structure of the viral RNA in a manner that promotes riboswitch activity, genome stability, or positive-strand viral RNA synthesis. Our findings support recent models of miR-122–mediated HCV RNA accumulation and provide mechanism(s) of resistance to antiviral therapy. These early insights into the mechanism(s) of resistance to miRNA-based therapies may be of importance as more miRNA-targeted therapies enter into the clinic.
Atomically dispersed Fe atoms anchored on S and N–codoped carbon for efficient electrochemical denitrification
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Li Miao , An Ning , Zhang Shuo , Song Qinan , Yang Yilin , Liu Xiang
Published: August 2021

Significance

Denitrification by electrochemistry is a mild and efficient technique to reduce nitrate pollution in water. The urgency of finding a wastewater treatment has accelerated electrode material development. Here, (S) N-modified, carbon-supported Fe or Cu single-atom catalysts (SACs) were prepared using the anchoring effect of a defect-rich carbon basal plane with high activity and atom economy. Fe-CNS exhibits the highest Fe utilization in electrodenitrification among all reported studies. The coordination environment of Fe atoms was optimized by S-doping with asymmetric charge distribution and electron redistribution, resulting in higher activity of nitrate reduction. The atomic-level structure–activity relationship and reaction mechanism were investigated. The unique structure of Fe SACs renders them promising for the practical removal of pollutants in water.
A nanobody activating metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 discriminates between homo- and heterodimers
Authors: Haubrich Jordi , Font Joan , Quast Robert B. , Goupil-Lamy Anne , Scholler Pauline , Nevoltris Damien , Acher Francine , Chames Patrick , Rondard Philippe , Prézeau Laurent , Pin Jean-Philippe
Published: August 2021

Significance

Biologics, and especially antibodies, are promising therapeutics. Antibodies are expected to show higher subtype selectivity and less off-target activity than small molecules. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) being the main drug targets, there is a need for antibodies modulating these receptors. Here, we describe the first single-domain antibody fully activating a GPCR. This nanobody activates the homodimeric metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4 (mGlu4), an interesting target for the treatment of Parkinson's disease or pain. Using modeling tools, we show this nanobody acts by stabilizing the active form of the binding domain. It does not activate heterodimeric mGlu receptors containing the mGlu4 subunit. These data revealed that nanobodies can be useful tools to specifically control mGlu receptor subtypes.
Structures of ABCB4 provide insight into phosphatidylcholine translocation
Authors: Nosol Kamil , Bang-Sørensen Rose , Irobalieva Rossitza N. , Erramilli Satchal K. , Stieger Bruno , Kossiakoff Anthony A. , Locher Kaspar P.
Published: August 2021

Significance

ABCB4 is an ATP-binding cassette transporter expressed in hepatocytes and is essential for the formation of bile by translocating phosphatidylcholine into canaliculi. Mutations in ABCB4 can cause inherited diseases leading to cholestasis. Similarly, commonly used drugs interfering with ABCB4 function can cause drug-induced liver injury. We present cryogenic electron microscopy structures that reveal how ABCB4 recruits phosphatidylcholine from the lipid bilayer and translocates it into bile canaliculi and how this process is inhibited by the antifungal drug posaconazole.
p62-containing, proteolytically active nuclear condensates, increase the efficiency of the ubiquitin–proteasome system
Authors: Fu Afu , Cohen-Kaplan Victoria , Avni Noa , Livneh Ido , Ciechanover Aaron
Published: August 2021

Significance

Multistep reactions, such as degradation of proteins by the ubiquitin–proteasome system, require that the different components will be colocalized to an assembly that allows catalysis of all steps in an efficient and processive manner. In the absence of colocalization, floating of individual components around the cell would slow the cascade reactions. We demonstrated that such assemblies are generated in the nucleus both under basal and stressed conditions and play a role in efficient degradation of nuclear proteins, unassembled subunits of the proteasome, and unfolded proteins, suggesting they are part of the protein quality-control mechanism and help in preventing cellular damage. The findings suggest that other multicomponent pathways can also be assembled into condensates to allow their efficient activity.
Genome accessibility dynamics in response to phosphate limitation is controlled by the PHR1 family of transcription factors inArabidopsis
Authors: Barragán-Rosillo Alfonso Carlos , Peralta-Alvarez Carlos Alberto , Ojeda-Rivera Jonathan Odilón , Arzate-Mejía Rodrigo G. , Recillas-Targa Félix , Herrera-Estrella Luis
Published: August 2021

Significance

Low phosphate (Pi) availability is a major constraint for plant productivity in both natural and agricultural environments. Over the course of evolution, plants acquired a complex cascade of transcriptional responses that enhance their capacity to survive and reproduce in phosphate-poor soils. However, it is unclear to what extent chromatin architecture is modified to activate or repress gene expression in response to Pi starvation. Here, we report the effects of Pi starvation on chromatin accessibility and its association with gene expression. We determined that major remodeling in chromatin accessibility takes place in response to Pi starvation and that this response is activated by the PHR1 family of transcription factors.
Modularity of PGL
2
(𝔽
p
)-representations over totally real fields
Authors: Allen Patrick B. , Khare Chandrashekhar B. , Thorne Jack A.
Published: August 2021

Significance

The connection between modular forms and Galois representations plays a significant role in modern algebraic number theory. J.-P. Serre made an influential conjecture relating mod

p

modular forms and mod

p

representations of the absolute Galois group of

Q

. Such a relationship has consequences for classical Diophantine questions, for example implying Fermat’s Last Theorem, and is also a mod

p

analogue of the Langlands program. It is thus important to study analogues of Serre’s conjecture in the broadest possible context. Serre’s modularity conjecture, definitively stated in 1986, was proved by Khare–Wintenberger in 2009. In this paper we prove new cases of extensions of Serre’s conjecture to mod

p

representations of absolute Galois groups of totally real number fields.
Joint encoding of facial identity, orientation, gaze, and expression in the middle dorsal face area
Authors: Yang Zetian , Freiwald Winrich A.
Published: August 2021

Significance

Past work on the neural mechanisms of face processing has focused on how a network of face-selective areas in the macaque monkey brain extracts facial identity. Here, we study the processing of identity, expression, and gaze information. We find that all of these signals are extracted in populations of face cells located in a face area outside the classical network. In this area, we discover a single-cell representation of facial expression that is preserved even with the changes of identity and head orientation. This face area, previously thought to be specialized for the processing of naturalistic facial movements, harbors a heterogeneous population of face cells that can process static faces to extract a wide range of socially meaningful facial information.
STING facilitates nuclear import of herpesvirus genome during infection
Authors: Hong Yujin , Jeong Heena , Park Kiwon , Lee Sungwon , Shim Jae Youn , Kim Hyewon , Song Yang , Park Seowoo , Park Hye Yoon , Kim V. Narry , Ahn Kwangseog
Published: August 2021

Significance

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes lifelong latent infection in 60 to 90% of the population worldwide and constitutes a serious global health burden. For a successful infection, HCMV must overcome physical barriers: the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. Here, we report that the immune adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING), typically located in the endoplasmic reticulum, is a crucial host factor involved in the nuclear entry of HCMV. Without STING, the interaction between viral capsid and nuclear pore complex is defective, and HCMV fails to deliver the viral genome into the nucleus. In monocytes, STING deficiency prevents a successful establishment of HCMV persistence. This study offers a perspective for understanding HCMV uncoating and for developing interventions against herpesvirus infection.
Recombination-independent recognition of DNA homology for meiotic silencing in
Neurospora crassa
Authors: Rhoades Nicholas , Nguyen Tinh-Suong , Witz Guillaume , Cecere Germano , Hammond Thomas , Mazur Alexey K. , Gladyshev Eugene
Published: August 2021

Significance

Homologous chromosomes (or selected chromosomal regions) can engage in sequence-specific pairing as intact entities. The mechanism behind this process remains mysterious, in part because prevailing evidence suggests that DNA molecules must be broken before being evaluated for homology. In this work, we study a phenomenon that detects dissimilar DNA fragments present at the allelic positions on a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. We find that the recognition of such fragments is incompatible with canonical homology-sensing mechanisms that operate on broken DNAs. Instead, it is consistent with the direct pairing of homologous DNA duplexes through a series of short, interspersed quadruplexes. This pairing process may represent a general property of DNA and underlie a large repertoire of homology-dependent phenomena.
A broadly active fucosyltransferase LmjFUT1 whose mitochondrial localization and activity are essential in parasitic
Leishmania
Authors: Guo Hongjie , Damerow Sebastian , Penha Luciana , Menzies Stefanie , Polanco Gloria , Zegzouti Hicham , Ferguson Michael A. J. , Beverley Stephen M.
Published: August 2021

Significance

Abundant surface glycoconjugates play key roles in the infectious cycle of protozoan parasites including
Leishmania
. Through defining biosynthetic pathways, we identified a fucosyltransferase FUT1 localized to the parasite mitochondrion, an atypical compartment for glycosyltransferases. FUT1 was essential for normal growth, requiring both mitochondrial localization and enzymatic activity. Loss of FUT1 in a single rare segregant (
fut1

s

) showed extensive mitochondrial defects. Enzymatic tests showed FUT1 could fucosylate glycan and peptide substrates in vitro, although as yet the native substrate(s) are unknown. Trypanosomatid mitochondrial FUT1s may offer a facile system in the future for probing mitochondrial glycosylation in a setting uncomplicated by multiple isoforms targeted to diverse compartments, and its essentiality renders it an attractive chemotherapeutic target for these deadly parasites.
Local versus systemic control of bone and skeletal muscle mass by components of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Yewei , Lehar Adam , Rydzik Renata , Chandok Harshpreet , Lee Yun-Sil , Youngstrom Daniel W. , George Joshy , Matzuk Martin M. , Germain-Lee Emily L. , Lee Se-Jin
Published: August 2021

Significance

Maintenance of skeletal muscle and bone is regulated by key signaling proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor family. Here, we present genetic studies in mice showing that follistatin, which normally blocks the activities of these proteins, acts locally in an exquisitely dose-dependent manner to control muscle and bone growth. Moreover, our studies targeting the receptors for these proteins reveal the enormous capacity for bone growth that is normally kept in check by this signaling system. These findings have implications for strategies to target this signaling pathway for clinical applications to treat patients with muscle and bone loss.
Forcing prediction increases priming and adaptation in second language production
Authors: Grüter Theres , Zhu Yanxin Alice , Jackson Carrie N.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a priming experiment with Korean learners of English designed to test the hypothesis that engagement in prediction and the consequent computation of prediction error will lead to increased priming and adaptation. Participants in the guessing-game condition, who had to predict a virtual partner’s description of prime pictures, showed marginally greater immediate priming and significantly greater adaptation in terms of change from baseline to post-test than those in a standard repetition priming condition, consistent with error-based learning accounts of structural priming. Effects were largest for learners in the middle of the proficiency range. Findings from this study suggest that priming best facilitates L2 learning when learners are engaged in the proactive creation of expectations about upcoming information.
Brujas y conversas
Authors: Bellomi Paola
Published: August 2021

In 1516, the first Jewish ghetto was created in Venice and, from that moment, the already narrow perimeter of tolerance between the Christian majority society and one of the religious minorities that existed in the territories of the Republic was limited: I’m referring to the Jews. After a few years, a seat of the Tribunal of the Holy Office was installed in the city. Despite these two elements, Venice remained a territory open to contamination; in fact, the Venetian Inquisition enjoyed a certain autonomy with respect to the Roman one and exercised its office in a less strict way if we compared it with the Spanish one. Notwithstanding that, its attention to the different forms of heresy was attentive and constant.

Among the processes that the historian Pier Cesare Ioly Zorattini has managed to bring together in his essential work Processi del S. Uffizio di Venezia contro ebrei e giudaizzanti (1548–1734), I consider it interesting to study those that refer to the situation of women in the Jewish context since, frequently, a “natural” relationship is established between gender-conviction and religion-persecution of female victims, guilty of any type of infamy.

The observations that I present here have as a starting point the treatment of certain female attitudes that were the cause of persecutions and convictions. In particular, I intend to comment on two geographically very distant situations, but accompanied by two elements: the suspicion of crypto-Judaism and being a woman. The space-time dimension extends from Spain to the Republic of Venice in the 16th century. The protagonists I will name share one more element: having had to go through the trial of the Court of the Inquisition, in some cases the Spanish one and in others the Venetian one.

The critical view with which this type of documentary material will be addressed will be of a socio-cultural nature and will be delimited to the documentation related to the 16th century and, in particular, to that related to the Sephardic and Conversos’ communities.

The purpose of this essay is not only to provide new data that can open up new research perspectives, but is also to try to return, although a posteriori, the voice to some of the victims of gender violence.
Violence against women in Pere Joan Porcar’s Dietari (16th–17th centuries)
Authors: Roca Rafael
Published: August 2021

The diary titled Coses evengudes en la ciutat y regne de València, which was written by Monsignor Pere Joan Porcar between 1585 and 1629, is one of the literary testimonies of the Valencian Baroque that has aroused major interest among scholars. However, it has never been analyzed from a gender perspective. Therefore, in the present work we propose to analyze and establish a typology of the different cases of sexist violence that the document reports, and that ended with the injury or death of women: wives, unmarried women, maids, girls, etc. In conclusion the diary depicts a patriarchal society presided over by structural violence, where women only played a marginal role.
Bandolers, execucions i cobles populars, arran d’uns fets ocorreguts a la Conca d’Òdena (1573)
Authors: Llinares Planells Àlex
Published: August 2021

Banditry was a social phenomenon that affected most places in the Hispanic monarchy. However, banditry is not a homogeneous phenomenon, it is different depending on the area and territory. In the crown of Aragon, in the 16th and 17th centuries, noble families solved their problems by hiring bandits for hire. These gangs of bandits stole, extorted and killed as a way of life or a way of work. In Catalonia from the middle of the 16th century until the end of the 1640s, banditry became a widespread evil and a problem for the authorities. In this work we analyse, through judicial documentation, one of the most important acts of Catalan banditry in the second half of the 16th century, that is to say, the capture and execution of an important gang of bandits integrated by famous bandits of the time as Moreu Palau, Camadall, Gralla and Escales, among others. The capture of the criminals was carried out by the men of the Solicitor of the Duke of Cordona, Jaume Pau Franquesa and the Militia Igualada in 1573. In the first part of this article, we analyze the facts through the interrogations that were made of the people who lived in the towns where the acts took place, mostly peasants. In this way, we are approaching the facts through the experiences of the popular classes, because they were the ones who fought, were injured or died in the fight against the bandits. In the second part of the work, we reconstruct, with the help of the Generalitat diary as the main document, the sentences handed down against the bandits and the punitive ritual suffered by those sentenced to death. In the third and last part, we study the popular literature that was printed on the facts. These chapbooks were printed before, during and shortly after the execution of the inmates and are part of the gallows literature, which was very important in the acts of execution in many European countries in the modern age.
Carlo Gesualdo, principe di Venosa
Authors: Compagna Anna Maria
Published: August 2021

Naples, 1590, Carlo Gesualdo killed his wife and lover caught in flagrant adultery. The process allows us to outline some marginal figures, such as the maids, one of whom testifies at the trial, together with the Prince’s cloakroom attendant: their half-truths more mendacious than lies” are aimed at strengthening the motive, safe conduct of the double murder. The prince of Venosa will also be at the center of another process: women who we usually find on the margins of history will intervene; figures who normally have their place in recent literary novels, willing to draw their protagonists from that marginal story brought to the light by Carlo Ginzburg in The cheese and the worms. The cosmos of a 16th century miller (1976, first Italian edition), through the inquisitorial archives, where it is possible to catch the voices of individuals who often do not appear, or appear only indirectly, in historical documentation: from farmers to women. These are secondary cases, micro-stories such as that of the Friulian miller Menocchio (we are in the 16th century) that can shed light on large problems (here is bet of the book): from the challenge to the authorities in a pre-industrial society to the intertwining of culture oral and written culture. But the purpose of this story-writing experiment was, and is, to bring Menocchio’s voice to the reader. It is these documented and marginal stories that offer new material to current novels. And in fact, the novel that won the 2019 Campiello Prize, Madrigal without sound: death of Carlo Gesualdo, prince of Venosa by Andrea Tarabbia is dedicated to the story of Carlo Gesualdo.
Aspetti della marginalità sessuale in alcuni romanzi medievali
Authors: Babbi Anna Maria
Published: August 2021

In medieval French Literature there are many more or less veiled references to the hero’s homosexuality. One of the best known, explicit this time, is certainly that of Lanval of Marie de France. This fact is in line with a tradition in the Celtic word, which, for example, according to the attestation of Diodorus Siculus, considered the Celts notoriously attracted to the same sex. It should be emphasized that for most of the situations the fact of accusing of homosexuality as a negative aspect of the personality is a function of something else, for example as the justification of a lack of attention for the queen (Lanval) or to induce Lavinia to refuse the love of Aeneas (Roman d’Eneas). And, among all the texts of medieval French literature dealing with sexual marginality, in this case homosexuality, the anonymous Roman d’Eneas (c. 1165) is undoubtely one of the most significant. But allusions on the same topic can be found in the  episode of the visit to the Sibilla in the Guerrin Meschino, an Italian novel written by Andrea da Barberino (c. 1410), as well as in its French translation by Jean de Rochemeure.
Ultrastructural plasma membrane asymmetries in tension and curvature promote yeast cell fusion
Authors: Muriel Olivia , Michon Laetitia , Kukulski Wanda , Martin Sophie G.
Published: August 2021

Cell–cell fusion is central for sexual reproduction, and generally involves gametes of different shapes and sizes. In walled fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the fusion of h+ and h− isogametes requires the fusion focus, an actin structure that concentrates glucanase-containing vesicles for cell wall digestion. Here, we present a quantitative correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) tomographic dataset of the fusion site, which reveals the fusion focus ultrastructure. Unexpectedly, gametes show marked asymmetries: a taut, convex plasma membrane of h− cells progressively protrudes into a more slack, wavy plasma membrane of h+ cells. Asymmetries are relaxed upon fusion, with observations of ramified fusion pores. h+ cells have a higher exo-/endocytosis ratio than h− cells, and local reduction in exocytosis strongly diminishes membrane waviness. Reciprocally, turgor pressure reduction specifically in h− cells impedes their protrusions into h+ cells and delays cell fusion. We hypothesize that asymmetric membrane conformations, due to differential turgor pressure and exocytosis/endocytosis ratios between mating types, favor cell–cell fusion.
Hatched and starved: Two chromatin compaction mechanisms join forces to silence germ cell genome
Authors: Morao Ana Karina , Ercan Sevinc
Published: August 2021

Animals evolved in environments with variable nutrient availability and one form of adaptation is the delay of reproduction in food shortage conditions. Belew et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202009197) report that in the nematode C. elegans, starvation-induced transcriptional quiescence in germ cells is achieved through a pathway that combines two well-known chromatin compaction mechanisms.
Multi-segment spectral reconstruction via zero-value set prior
Authors: Wang Yizhong , Zhang Wenkun , Cai Ailong , Liang Ningning , Wang Zhe , Wang Linyuan , Zheng Zhizhong , Li Lei , Yan Bin
Published: August 2021

Most scanning schemes of multi-energy computed tomography (MECT) require multiple sets of full-scan measurements under different x-ray spectra, which limits the application of MECT with incomplete scan. To handle this problem, a flexible MECT scanning strategy is proposed in this paper, which divides one half scan into three curves. Also, a novel MECT reconstruction algorithm is developed to relax the requirement of data acquisition of MECT. For MECT, gradient images of CT images at different energies ideally share the same position of zero-value set (Pos-OS) for the same object. Based on this observation, the characteristics of limited-angle artifacts is first explored, and it is found that the limited-angle artifacts in the image domain are closely related to the angle trajectory of the scan. Inspired by this discovery, the Pos-OS of the gradient image from the fusion CT image is extracted, and it is incorporated as prior knowledge into the TV minimization model in the form of equality constraints. The alternating direction method is exploited to solve the improved optimization model iteratively. Based on this, the proposed algorithm is derived to eliminate the limited angle artifacts in the image domain.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher reconstruction quality under the designed scanning configuration than other methods in the literature.
Melting of two-dimensional biological tissues containing active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck cells
Authors: Li Jia-jian , Ai Bao-quan
Published: August 2021

The solid–liquid transition of biological tissues is numerically investigated in the presence of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck noise. We demonstrate that the melting scenario of the system is controlled by three parameters: temperature, the persistence time that controls the nonequilibrium properties of the system, and the target shape index that characterizes the competition between cell–cell adhesion and cortical tension. An increase in the persistence time always causes the system to transition from disordered (liquid state) to ordered (solid state). For stiff cells (small target shape index), on increasing temperature, the system undergoes the first order melting for short persistence time, while it undergoes a continuous solid–hexatic transition followed by a discontinuous hexatic–liquid transition for long persistence time. For soft cells (large target shape index), the melting always occurs via a continuous solid–hexatic transition followed by a discontinuous hexatic–liquid transition and the parameter range where the hexatic phase occurs increases with the persistence time. These behaviors are confirmed by the evolution of the density of topological defects. The phase diagrams of the system are also presented based on three parameters (temperature, the shape index, and the persistence time). Our study may contribute to the understanding of melting in two dimensional systems with many-body interactions and deformable particles.
Simultaneous irradiation and thermal effects on 16 MeV proton irradiated tungsten samples
Authors: Rayaprolu R , Möller S , Spahn I , Höschen D , Linsmeier Ch
Published: August 2021

16 MeV protons have been used to irradiate 300 μm thick macroscopic W samples in a pilot experiment to 0.006 dpa damage dose under low and high temperature scenarios of ∼373 K and ∼1223 K, respectively. The linear pre-Bragg region has been used for damage where the electronic loss (heat) in the sample amounts to 1.5 MW · m−2. Post high-temperature irradiation, the W sample has been recrystallized as seen under the scanning electron microscope. Indentation measurements on the surface show a softening of 0.6 GPa post-recrystallization against an irradiation hardening of 0.8 GPa for the low-temperature irradiation scenario.
CAX/PLM/ERP-LCA integration to support product life cycle engineering: a conceptual framework
Authors: Zhou Zhenhuan , Tao Jing
Published: August 2021

Life cycle engineering (LCE) targets product development and manufacturing activities from a life cycle perspective, with the aim to create more sustainable solutions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which systematically and quantitatively evaluates the environmental impacts associated with the product, is recognized as an essential tool for LCE. However, the complexity of inventory analysis and data structure can discourage the use of LCA by engineers. Most computer-aided engineering and computer integrated manufacturing tools do not effectively support LCA. This paper proposed the conceptual framework of CAX/PLM/ERP-LCA integration for an information environment to address the challenge. The general product life cycle representation is analyzed by tangible product and intangible process perspectives. A multi-view life cycle model is proposed for linking product and process engineering with LCA and life cycle data integration. Following the life cycle model, the integrated CAX/PLM/ERP-LCA system’s conceptual architecture is presented, the challenges to the data flows among system components identified and the critical functional requirements of the system to support sustainable product and process engineering proposed. The framework serves as the stepping stone for next-stage work on software engineering.
Evaluation method of continuous compaction quality of highway water stable base
Authors: Shi Yanni
Published: August 2021

This article summarizes several commonly used real-time monitoring indicators of compaction quality, proposes the methods for evaluating compaction quality of water stable bases. Two methods, the Kriging interpolation method and the geostatistical analysis method, are proposed for evaluating the spatial uniformity of compaction mass. The results show that: the Kriging interpolation method has strong extrapolation ability, and can consider the spatial correlation of data; the geostatistical analysis method can not only describe the structural variation of continuous compaction detection parameters, but also describe its random variation. It would provide reference suggestions for the compaction quality evaluation of water stable base.
Flow field analysis of Ahmed model based on URANS
Authors: Wu Huajie , Zhang Shanwen
Published: August 2021

In order to obtain the flow field characteristics of the Ahmed model, flow field analysis is carried out by using standard k-ε turbulent model and URANS method. Results show that the flow field of Ahmed model presents the transient characteristics of periodic changes, the base vortex forms on the Ahmed model while the fluid is detached from the lower surface, and transports periodically downstream; the corner vortice formed on the Ahmed model is induced by the inclined pats of the tail-dip.
Designing a random S-box with the mixed spatiotemporal chaos
Authors: Liu Liyan
Published: August 2021

A random S-box is designed by using the mixed linear-nonlinear spatiotemporal chaotic system. Firstly, a chaotic sequence produced by the mixed chaotic system is used to generate the elements of the S-box randomly. Then the elements of the S-box are permuted by using the mixed chaotic system. Owing to the high dimensional feature of the mixed chaotic system, the generated S-box has a strong randomness property. Finally, we analyse six properties of the designed S-box, such as bijective property, nonlinearity, strict avalanche criterion, outputs bit independence criterion, input/output XOR distribution and linear approximation probability. The experimental results indicate that the designed S-box by using the mixed chaotic system has better performance.
Visualization of intermittency of low-Reynolds-number anisotropic steady incompressible turbulence using implicit/SGS-model-based large-eddy simulation
Authors: Oshibuchi Mayuka , Suzuki Hiroki , Mochizuki Shinsuke
Published: August 2021

The present study validates a large-eddy simulation from the viewpoint of the intermittency of a turbulence field for low-Reynolds-number anisotropic steady turbulence. Analyses based on implicit large-eddy simulation and the Vreman-model are validated. The results of the two analyses are compared with results obtained through direct numerical simulation. The mean value of the global turbulent kinetic energy obtained through the analysis based on the large-eddy simulation is consistent with that obtained through the present direct simulation. The frequency of large-scale vortex structures found in instantaneous fields and higher-order turbulence statistics are examined. The intermittency of the turbulent fields obtained through the implicit large-eddy simulation is higher than that obtained through the other analysis.
A study on modeling of wireless charging system based on fuzzy logic control
Authors: Cao Pengcheng , Lu Yong , Lu Changbo , Wang Xudong , Xu Wanli , Zhang Hang
Published: August 2021

When the wireless charging system charges the lithium battery, in order to reduce the size of the receiver. With the increase of the charging power of the lithium battery, the charging strategy of the lithium battery should be changed accordingly, so as to improve the performance of the lithium battery. According to the characteristics of the wireless charging system and the charging strategy of the lithium battery, the whole system is dynamically adjusted based on the fuzzy logic control principle, so that the system can provide the required charging power for the lithium battery under different charging strategies. In this paper, the circuit model of the wireless charging system and the equivalent model of the lithium battery are established respectively, and the fuzzy logic control strategy is proposed. Finally, the accuracy of the control strategy is verified by simulation, which provides a reference for the dynamic adaptive adjustment of the wireless charging system.
Simulation on staggered parallel boost converter with double integral sliding mode control
Authors: Zhang Meng , Chen Jing , Lan Xianbao , Xiao Chun
Published: August 2021

As a non-linear input power source, fuel cells have soft output characteristics, slow dynamic response, and short service life. In order to improve the service life of the fuel cell, this paper conducts a simulation study on an interleaved parallel boost circuit based on double integral sliding mode control. The interleaved parallel structure is used to reduce the input current ripple of the fuel cell, and the state space average equation is used for modeling. At the same time, the double integral sliding mode control can improve the dynamic performance of the Boost converter. A hysteresis control is added after the sliding mode control to weaken the chattering effect of the sliding mode control. Matlab simulations show that the interleaved parallel Boost circuit with double integral sliding mode control can control the output current ripple of the fuel cell within 1% and make the output voltage have good dynamic performance.
Visualization analysis method based on multidimensional scale transformation for indicators on simulation data of weapon system
Authors: Zheng Lizhen , Gao Lu , Yu Tonggang
Published: August 2021

Visual analytic methods are a growing area of research that targets the effective description of weapon system, which capitalizing on displaying of various indicators information of weapon system simulation. We provide a method which can display all kinds of indicators and architectural features of simulation results in the same screen. First of all, the simulation data of multidimensional information index system and the corresponding dimension is mapped into the two-dimensional matrix. Secondly, the index system of two-dimensional graphs and planar map simulation data are fused by computation. Finally, distinguish the architectural features by drawing the influence range of the indicators to the systems. The method can analyze the correlation between indicators, similarity comparisons system features, and describe some kind of index and the system characteristics of the correlation degree. Because of the above characteristics of the method, we can adjust the index system, using visualization method to display the comprehensive characteristic of the weapon equipment system, and select the weapon equipment system in accordance with the specific conditions of the system.
Application of 5G communication technology on intelligent inspection in 750kV substation
Authors: Gan Xing , Geng Xiaohong , Xiong Zaibao , Wu Zhongcheng , Du Shaofei , Gao Yu , Guo Yinan
Published: August 2021

Ultra-high voltage AC substation has the characteristics of high voltage level, large area, complex equipment structure, heavy inspection task and high operation risk. The existing video surveillance system is mainly used for substation security, but the distribution of points is insufficient and the clarity is low, so it can’t achieve full coverage of inspection points. UHV AC substation needs to develop remote intelligent inspection system to assist operation and maintenance staffs to carry out daily inspection work, reduce the workload of operation and maintenance staffs, improve the speed of emergency response and ensure the safety of operation. In this paper, remote intelligent inspection system of substation based on 5G communication transmission technology is proposed in 750kV substation, so as to achieve the purpose of intelligent inspection of substation, and expand the idea for the application of 5G technology in substation.
Training virtual reality-based system for detection and simulation of motors failures
Authors: Riofrio-Morales Marco , Garcia Marcelo V.
Published: August 2021

The need to have human resources trained efficiently is imperative. However, most industries do not give it the necessary importance. Similarly, staying technologically up-to-date allows the industrial sector to optimize its resources and satisfy the needs of its customers. This research presents the development of a virtual reality (VR) system for learning fault detection and correction in induction motors. It has been compared to a conventional methodology in terms of time and acquired knowledge. A 58% reduction was observed in the first parameter, while for the second, a p-value of 0.0000005 was obtained, thus demonstrating that this system is more efficient than conventional training in terms of learning. Finally, its usability was evaluated with the VRUSE method, with averages above 3.8 and standard deviations below 0.70.
A DEA-based multi-response fusion model in the context of Taguchi method
Authors: Jiang Renyan , Zou Bowei
Published: August 2021

Taguchi methods have been widely used to optimize machining parameters of a manufacturing process so that the product performances or responses are close to the desired targets and not sensitive to external noises. For single-response problems, the optimal machining parameters can be obtained based on Taguchi signal-to-noise ratio or response surface models. For multi-response problems, a multi-objective optimization approach or a fusion model is needed before obtaining the optimal parameters; and the latter is preferred due to its simplicity. This paper proposes a fusion model to combine multiple responses into a composite response variable. The proposed model first transforms the response data obtained from Taguchi experiments into the data with smaller-the-better or larger-the-better quality characteristics, and then combines the transformed data into the composite response variable in the way similar to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Once the fusion model is built, the problem reduces into a single-response problem, which can solved using existing approaches. The proposed model can be easily implemented using a spreadsheet program; and one real-world example is included to illustrate its appropriateness.
Feedforward control of droplet transition in electron beam freeform fabrication based on dual beam spot method
Authors: Zhang Haoyu , Liang Zhiyue , Chang Shuhe , Du Dong
Published: August 2021

In this paper, a feedforward control method of droplet transition based on dual beam spot in electron beam freeform fabrication is proposed. A deflection coil is used to form two beam spots on the surface of the workpiece. Images containing the prepositive spot are taken, the height information of the workpiece surface is obtained through image processing method, and feedforward control is performed accordingly. The experiment result shows that the proposed method has excellent detection accuracy. It can keep the droplet transition distance and state stable when the height of the surface to be deposited fluctuates, and achieve uniform and stable deposition morphology.
Joint optimization for product warranty and preventive maintenance in service supply chain
Authors: Xu Yingcui , An Xiangxin , Zhu Ying , Xia Tangbin , Miao Rui
Published: August 2021

Industrial competition has been extended from the traditional price and quality competition to warranty competition, from the single manufacturer competition to the whole supply chain system competition. Existing research mainly focuses on the decision-making problems of warranty period and price. However, with the increasing complexity and safety requirements of CNC machine tools and other engineering equipment, customers have put forward higher requirements for product quality and equipment reliability. In this paper, the equipment product deteriorating with aging is taken as the research object, and a two-level service supply chain profit model under Stackelberg game with strong manufacturer bundled sales of “product + warranty” is constructed. Moreover, the impact of warranty period and preventive maintenance frequency on the equilibrium price of product-service package is discussed. This paper provides a new and scientific approach for the optimization of product service strategy.
Digital Twin and Manufacturing Simulation Integrated Platform embedded in cyber-physical system
Authors: Leng Bohan , Sun He , Si Guojin , Xia Tangbin , Wang Hao
Published: August 2021

Simulation on manufacturing process of production line is essential to reduce the cost and time of production line layout design. Traditional simulation methods either have low fidelity or depend on actual equipment and external tools. Digital Twin is a core element in Industry 4.0 and is viewed as the next generation of simulation. However, applying Digital Twin to simulate manufacturing process is inadequately researched. To simulate and assess the manufacturing process of production lines in advance, this paper proposes Digital Twin and Manufacturing Simulation Integrated Platform (DTMSIP) embedded in Cyber-Physical System (CPS). Powered by the Plug-and-Play CPS, DTMSIP can serve the function of both monitoring and simulation, where fidelity is ensured by precise mapping of Digital Twin. After DTMSIP is established for a reconfigurable production line, DTMSIP as a simulation method is validated on a reconfiguration evaluation problem in this paper.
Fault Tolerant Control of Sensor Faults in Microgrid Inverter Control System
Authors: Wang J , Feng T , Wang B Q
Published: August 2021

Aiming at sensor drift fault, the design problem of active fault tolerant controller for island-AC microgrid inverter system is studied. The controller has good ability to suppress external finite energy disturbance. Firstly, a closed-loop system state space model is constructed for an isolated AC microgrid inverter system with external finite energy disturbance. Then, when the sensor fault occurs in the control system, the fault information is taken as an auxiliary state vector, and the estimated value of the sensor fault and the system state variable is obtained simultaneously through the proposed extended observer. A fault tolerant controller is designed based on the idea of fault compensation. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of this method are verified by programming simulation in MATLAB.
Research on Power System Expansion Planning Considering Demand Response
Authors: Yang Xinyuan , Zhang Meng , Zhao Lu , Ouyang Litao , Wu Yaowu
Published: August 2021

In the future power system, the uncertainty of the load side will increase, and the planning of various demand resources in the system will affect the flexibility and economy of the power system. Excessive planning capacity of demand response resources will cause excessive investment, and insufficient planned capacity will affect the flexibility of the system. In order to obtain the investment decision plan for new demand-side resources within the planning period, this article adds demand resources such as energy storage systems and controllable loads based on thermal power units as the main flexible resources, establish an optimization model with the goal of minimizing the annual cost of the power system expansion plan. Based on the improved IEEE-RTS96 system, a numerical example is analysed, and the influence of different demand-side response resources on system planning is deeply explored. The results show that comprehensive planning of multiple types of demand-side response resources is more competitive than single resource planning in terms of system economy and operational flexibility.
Model Predictive Control and Position Sensorless Control Algorithm for Induction Motor
Authors: Zhu Keke , Ruan Lin
Published: August 2021

In view of the traditional finite set model predictive control of induction motor, the enumeration method is used to select only one optimal voltage vector in one control cycle, which causes the deviation of stator current in the tracking control process, and a duty cycle model predictive current control algorithm is proposed. In this algorithm, duty cycle control is introduced on the basis of traditional model prediction algorithm. In a control period, an optimal non-zero vector and a zero vector act together, and the action time of the two is calculated. Based on the duty cycle model predictive control algorithm, the model reference adaptive speed estimation algorithm is introduced to improve the robustness of the model. Finally, the dynamic and static characteristics of vector control and two model predictive control algorithms are analyzed through simulation comparison, and the feasibility of the proposed speed estimation algorithm is verified on the basis of the duty ratio model predictive algorithm, and the robustness of the two estimation methods is compared. The superiority of the prediction algorithm of duty cycle model and the improved speed estimation algorithm is proved.
Serial Manipulator Control Optimization Using Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Mendrofa Albert Harazaki , Muis Abdul
Published: August 2021

Serial manipulator is one of robot type that commonly used on industry. The high Degree of Freedom (DoF) of serial manipulator lead to more flexibility on manipulation but at the same time it also lead to more complex mathematical model of serial manipulator. Because of this complexity, we cannot use the common Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) tuning method such as Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Coon while the parameter on controller is need to be optimal in order to reduce the error during position control and avoid instability which may cause hazard to the operator. Ant colony algorithm proposed to optimize the controller of serial manipulator and result of optimization evaluated through experiment.