bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taking stock: Is gene drive research delivering on its principles?
Authors: Roberts Aaron J. , Hackett Kristy , Coche Isabelle , James Stephanie L. , Littler Katherine , Santos Michael , Emerson Claudia I.
Published: February 2024

Gene drive technology has been recognized for its potential to provide durable and cost-effective solutions for previously intractable problems in public health, conservation, and agriculture. In recognition of the rapid advances in this field, in 2016 the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine issued a report making several recommendations aimed at researchers, funders, and policymakers for the safe and responsible research and development of gene drive technology. Subsequently, in 2017 sixteen global organizations self-identifying as sponsors and supporters of gene drive research became public signatories committed to the ‘Principles for Gene Drive Research’ which were inspired by the report’s recommendations. Herein we reflect on the progress of gene drive research in relation to the ethical principles laid out and committed to by the signatories to the Principles. Our analysis indicates high levels of alignment with the Principles in the field of gene drive research. The manuscript also discusses the Gene Drive Research Forum, which had its genesis in the publication of the Principles. Discussions between participants at the latest meeting of the Forum point to the work that lies ahead for gene drive research in line with the Principles. Going forward the gene drive research community can productively focus on: i) safety and efficacy criteria for open release, ii) risk assessment frameworks and methods, iii) more downstream technical, regulatory and policy considerations for field evaluations and implementation, iv) continued transparency and developing mechanisms of accountability, and v) strengthening capacity in locales of potential release and expected drive spread.
Simple models for neuroscience research discoveries: how often are these models used in Africa?
Authors: Hamidu Suleiman Kwairanga , Umar Ahmad , Abdulazeez Rashidat , Muhammad Zaid , Alkhamis Abdulrahman Idris , Umar Mohammed , Ladan Ahmad Aliyu , Nasr Fayza Eid , Ahmad Aisha , Musa Sunday Abraham , Ya'u Jamilu , Hamman Wilson Oliver , Isah Murtala Bindawa , Bello Sanusi Muhammad , Yoshimatsu Takeshi , Issa Sabi Raouf , Bukar Maina Mahmoud
Published: February 2024

Background Simple animal model systems such as Drosophila, Caenorhabditis Elegans and Zebrafish have enabled numerous breakthroughs in understanding human health and disease. Owing to their cheap maintenance cost, adopting these model systems will improve research in Africa. However, the extent to which these models are used across Africa is unknown. This study aimed to identify how often these models are used in Africa. Methods We downloaded all the PUBMED-indexed publications from the year 2000 to 2021 that have an African affiliation and have mentioned Drosophila, C. elegans or Zebrafish. We manually curated the information on the experimental use of these model systems, author affiliations and details of funding from research publications. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the major hotspots for the use of the model systems and funders, and the pattern of local and international collaborations. Results Of the 1851 publications in which at least one of the models was mentioned, only 168 used at least one for the actual investigation. With an average of 21 articles per country, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia contributed 75% of these studies. The remaining 25% were contributed by seven other countries. Analysis of funding information revealed that 24.4% of the studies were exclusively locally funded, 28.57% exclusively internationally funded, 15.5% received both local and international funding, and the rest (31.5%) were unfunded, revealing that there is satisfactory access to funds for simple animal model studies, especially from external funders. By analysing the pattern of collaborations, we show that collaborations with researchers from other continents predominate over intra-Africa collaboration. Conclusions Our work provides data on the current state of research using simple model systems in African laboratories and argues that incorporating these models will advance biomedical science research in Africa.
Butterflies of two atlantic forest conservation units from Paraíba state, northeast of Brazil
Authors: Gualberto Emanoel Pereira , Medeiros Adalberto Dantas de , Kerpel Solange Maria
Published: February 2024

Conservation Units are areas legally established by the government with the goal of conserving territory and its natural resources. Given the limited knowledge about the invertebrate biodiversity in the Northern Atlantic Forest, including its legally protected areas, the present study aimed to inventory butterfly species in two Conservation Units of the Northern Atlantic Forest in Paraíba, Brazil: Engenho Gargaú Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN Gargaú) and Mata do Xém-xém State Park (PE Xém-xém), both located in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa. We conducted the collections every two months, over three consecutive days, in six expeditions from February 2013 to April 2014 in RPPN Gargaú and in four expeditions from August 2014 to April 2015 in PE Xém-xem. Additionally, a two-day collecting expedition was carried out in August 2021 in RPPN Gargaú. We employed two sampling methods: Van Someren-Rydon traps and entomological nets. A total of 212 species (2,841 specimens) were recorded, 158 (1,867 specimens) in RPPN Gargaú and 129 (974 specimens) in PE Xém-xém. Overall, Hesperiidae was the richest family (81 spp.), followed by Nymphalidae (70), Riodinidae (22), Lycaenidae (22), Pieridae (12), and Papilionidae (4). Out of the total species, 48 are new records for Paraíba, and seven for northeast Brazil. Notably, the record of Morpho menelaus eberti Weber, 1963 in RPPN Gargaú, a subspecies classified as Critically Endangered (CR), stands out. The results emphasize the need to protect the forest remnants in the region, as well as to develop management and monitoring actions for butterflies and other invertebrates.
frequency of coffee consumption in the Slavic population and its impact on health
Authors: Czchowski Konrad , Kościołek Aleksandra , Misiak Jakub , Kościołek Dawid , Kępczyk Martyna , Ojdana Miłosz , Urbaś Michał , Surowiecka Kaja , Szalbot Konrad , Tokarski Mikołaj
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose:

There are many articles specifying coffee's influence on the health and behavior of consumers. However, most of the studies are conducted on populations living in the United States, Western Europe or China. We did not find many studies reporting the effects of coffee consumption on the Slavic population. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of coffee consumption in this population and its impact on such health elements as insomnia, body weight, well-being, irritation, hypertension or headache.

Material and method:

The anonymous survey included questions about the frequency of coffee consumption and selected health effects was created and subsequently distributed through social media (Telegram platform) in August 2023.

Results:

We collected a total of 89 surveys. The median age of participants was 31 (IQR: 24-38). 27 individuals indicated that they do not consume coffee at all (30.34%). The rest of the group most often choose  the following options: I drink it several times a day - 24 individuals (26.97%)  and 26 individuals drink it once a day (29.21%). We demonstrated a correlation between the amount of coffee consumption and the frequency of insomnia (r=0.39, p=0.028). Additionally, we observed a negative correlation between coffee consumption and body weight (r=0.18, p=0.048). However, we did not find a relationship between coffee consumption and elevated or lowered mood (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

In the study group, the frequency of coffee consumption was higher than the global average and in some cases led to insomnia. The positive aspects of drinking coffee outweighed the side effects and lead to the conclusion that it is a safe drink in the group of surveyed Slavs.
Comparative Analysis of Palliative Sedation and Euthanasia - a literature review
Authors: Bednarski Artur , Krużel Aleksandra , Ziajor Seweryn , Sajdak Piotr , Tomasik Justyna , Dębik Marika , Stodolak Marcel , Szydłowski Łukasz , Żurowska Klaudia , Turski Mikołaj , Kłos Kamil
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose: Palliative care is designed to ensure proper comfort in living and dying, primarily by alleviating suffering in patients for whom medical interventions have proved ineffective. In situations where suffering is unbearable, palliative care offers "last resort" treatment, namely palliative sedation. This involves the intentional administration of sedative drugs to the patient to reduce the level of consciousness, even inducing sleep, in order to control suffering caused by conditions that are resistant to other treatments. The aim of this article is to present various perspectives on palliative sedation.

Description of the state knowledge: Topics discussed include: cessation of hydration and nutrition, loss of patient control over decision-making in treatment progression after the induction of pharmacological coma, the principle of double effect, complications arising from the use of indiscriminate polypharmacy, and views on life shortening through palliative sedation or its comparison to euthanasia. The distinction between palliative sedation and euthanasia is explored, with arguments on both sides contributing to ongoing debates. The paper concludes by advocating for comprehensive guidelines and interdisciplinary assessments to ensure ethical and patient-centered decision-making in the application of palliative sedation in terminally ill patients.

Summary: A discussion is necessary on the creation of acceptable and appropriate procedures that would not arouse the controversies currently associated with the use of palliative sedation.
GLP-1 analogs: a comparison of new anti diabetic medications - presenting benefits and risks
Authors: Dębik Marika , Szydłowski Łukasz , Żurowska Klaudia , Bednarski Artur , Krużel Aleksandra , Ziajor Seweryn , Sajdak Piotr , Tomasik Justyna , Stodolak Marcel , Kłos Kamil
Published: February 2024

Introduction and purpose: Diabetes has emerged as a global lifestyle disease, with an alarming rise in cases, particularly of type 2 diabetes. In Poland, over 3 million people are diagnosed, and an estimated 4 million cases are expected by 2030. Effective treatment involves a multifaceted approach, including dietary intervention, physical activity, and pharmacological options. Incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), play a pivotal role in carbohydrate metabolism regulation, and GLP-1 analogs have become essential in managing type 2 diabetes. This paper explores the development and mechanisms of GLP-1 analogs, detailing their impact on insulin secretion, gastric emptying, and weight reduction.

Description of the state knowledge: Various GLP-1 receptor agonists, including exenatide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide, and the novel tirzepatide, are discussed. These drugs exhibit diverse pharmacokinetics, modes of administration, and effects on glucose metabolism and weight. Despite their efficacy, there is a concerning trend of off-label use, particularly for obesity treatment, leading to shortages for patients with valid prescriptions. This misuse is fueled by para-advertising on social media platforms, contributing to a surge in prescriptions and reimbursement costs. To address this, guidelines for GLP-1 analog use in obesity treatment are proposed, emphasizing the need for a stable drug supply and normalizing drug availability.

Summary: In 2023, concerns intensified with reports of counterfeit GLP-1 analogs, prompting regulatory interventions. The paper concludes by underscoring the critical role GLP-1 analogs play in diabetes and obesity treatment, while emphasizing the importance of responsible prescription practices, guidelines adherence, and regulatory vigilance to ensure patient safety and mitigate the risks associated with misuse and counterfeit drugs.
The Impact of Process- vs. Outcome-Oriented Reviews on the Sales of Healthcare Services
Authors: Li Hongfei , Peng Jing , Wang Gang , Bai Xue
Published: February 2024

With the rise of digital health platforms, consumers increasingly rely on online reviews when choosing healthcare services. Understanding how these reviews shape consumer decisions is crucial for both platforms and healthcare providers. To explore this, we analyzed a comprehensive data set from a leading online cosmetic surgery platform to understand how process-oriented (focusing on the recovery experience) and outcome-oriented (focusing on the end results) reviews influence the demand for healthcare services. Our findings reveal a striking disparity in the effectiveness of these two types of reviews. Generally, outcome-oriented reviews exhibit greater efficacy in boosting sales. However, the influence of each review type varies with the complexity and popularity of the services. Process-oriented reviews are more compelling for complex healthcare services, while outcome-oriented reviews prove more impactful for simpler, popular services. These insights underscore the need for tailored strategies in incentivizing and managing consumer reviews, vital for healthcare providers and digital health platforms. Furthermore, for policy makers, the study highlights the importance of regulating and guiding online review designs to ensure they accurately reflect the service process and outcome, aiding consumers in making informed decisions.
Building Positive Character, Negative Effects Environmental Protection and Wisdom Local Culture by the Applying of Full Day Schools in Rural Areas (Research Action in Public Senior High School of Lahat South Sumatra)
Authors: Paryono Ahmad Nasihin , Oktarini Oktarini
Published: February 2024

Many schools in the city choose Full Day (FDS) but for schools in rural still in very little in the list to apply this. The research was action research of discovering whether increased positive impact in the positive character, security environment wisdom exposed to negative and local culture can be accomplished by applying the Full Day School program. This research aims to find the effect of applying rural FS at the school. The research results show that the first Full Day school (FDS) in a rural area school can maximize time to communicate with students to build good character, such as religious, social,l and environmental care to students. Secondly, FDS in rural school areas can protect students from bad effects outside the school environment, negatively influencing drug users, environment-free sex, bad motorcycle groups,  etc. Third, FDS gives students enough opportunity to learn about local culture with family and society about local culture. They can have time with their families from morning till noon on Saturday and Sunday, which would improve their knowledge of local culture and family activities. It can be concluded that FDS in rural school areas positively affects building positive and good student character. It is recommended that it be applied in other schools.
The Principal's Role in Improving Teacher Competence in Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Al Qadri Miftahul Haq , Suyatno Suyatno , Sulisworo Dwi
Published: February 2024

A principal, as a leader, has the important role in improving teacher competence. Teachers, who have significantly good competence, can improve their in-class learning quality. This research aims to describe the principal’s role in improving teacher competence in Madrasah Aliyah of Islamic Centre Bin Baz Yogyakarta (MA ICBB). The research method used qualitative research with a case study. Data were collected through interview, observation, and documentation. The subjects consisted of 7 sources, a school principal and 5 teachers. The data analysis technique was data collection, data reduction, data representation, and conclusion. Data validity was obtained from triangulation technique. The research result showed that 1) a principal encouraged and provided the opportunities for teachers of MA ICBB to participate in trainings and seminars inside or outside school to increase pedagogic competence; 2) a principal controlled and supervised behavior and performance of teachers for improving teacher personality competence; 3) a principal conducted final semester evaluation meeting that was aimed to invite teachers in the discussion forum concerning on phenomena occurred, that was obtained from interaction and analysis of teachers toward all students in MA ICBB to enhance teacher social competence; and 4) a principal provided the opportunity for all teachers to continue higher study, attend seminars, as well as he provided information and motivation to teachers to improve teacher professional competence.
Teacher Performance: Factors InfluencingTeacher Performance
Authors: Bumay Anitia Fadhila , Hariri Hasan , Rini Riswanti
Published: February 2024

Teacher performance is a key to the success of a learning that takes place at schools. The better the teacher's performance, the more educational goals will be achieved. Teacher performance in schools is influenced by certain factors. This article aims to investigate the factors that can affect the performance of a teacher in schools. This research used the literature review method where data collection was carried out through a collection of articles from 2018 to 2023. There are 10 international articles as references from Google Scholar. This article can be useful from a theoretical aspect, namely to increase knowledge about what factors can affect teacher performance, then practically it can be used as a reference for the next research.

Keywords: Influence, Teacher Performance, School, Factor
The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction on Gen Z Employees Turnover Intention
Authors: Lim Trillian , Fajar Dini Yuli Indah
Published: February 2024

The drastic increase in turnover intention in 2020 was caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which spread to Indonesia, thus affecting all lines of human life. Some reasons for the intensity of turnover intention are organizational environment, work stress, depression, fatigue, workload, and its effect on employee job satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the impact of work stress and workload on turnover intention with job satisfaction as a mediation role amongst Generation Z employees. The sample in this study was 422 people representing the Generation Z workforce in Batam. PLS-SEM was used to analyze this data. The conclusions of this study indicate that job stress and job satisfaction have a positive effect on turnover intention and job satisfaction; workload has a negative relationship with turnover intention, while job satisfaction mediates the relationship between job stress, workload, and turnover intention.
What influences the inclusion of skin tone diversity when teaching skin assessment? Findings from a survey
Authors: Clemett Victoria , Gunowa Neesha Oozageer , Geraghty Jemell , Woodward Sue
Published: February 2024

Background:

Understanding the variances in visual skin changes across all skin tones is important in clinical care. However, the experiences of those teaching skin assessment to pre- and post-registrant nurses are unknown.

Aims:

To determine the barriers and facilitators experienced in teaching skin assessment across a range of skin tones to pre- and post-registrant nurses.

Methods:

A cross-sectional, mixed-methods online survey was undertaken throughout February and March 2023 based on the Theoretical Domains Framework of behaviour change.

Findings:

In this self-selecting sample, most participants were aware of why it was important to include all skin tones when teaching skin assessment and were professionally motivated to include this in their practice. However, resources and support are needed to overcome an unconscious bias in teaching skin tone diversity, resulting in a lack of availability of good quality photographs and educator confidence in their own skills. Educators not considering skin tone when selecting patient cases and relying on people with dark skin tones to highlight where practice is not inclusive may also lead to insufficient exposure for students.

Conclusion:

There is some awareness of the importance of including diverse skin tones in teaching, but further education and resources are needed.
My Experiences Making Decisions and Working Together in Research
Authors: Myers Jacob , Schwartz Ariel E.
Published: February 2024

My name is Jacob Myers, and in this article, I describe my research experiences over the last 10 years. I like doing research because I get into the details and figure out answers to questions in research studies. I have worked on two main projects: making the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Patient Reported Outcome (PEDI-PRO) and Research Ethics for All. I also do projects with other researchers at other universities. In this article, I also offer suggestions on how to work together as a team and how to be sure that people with disabilities are meaningfully included on research teams. It’s important for people with disabilities to do research because they can relate to the studies and the participants. I hope people with and without disabilities can keep being a part of research to help their communities to make positive changes.
My Experience in Information Dissemination
Authors: Milne Drew
Published: February 2024

My name is Drew Milne, and this article describes my experiences working to disseminate research findings. I’ve always been fascinated with the ways people communicate, and I wanted my work to contribute to helping people. In this article, I describe my pathway to becoming an information dissemination specialist. I also share important lessons I learned as I built my career. Finally, I offer suggestions on how researchers can support more self-advocates to work as information dissemination specialists. If we can all be more willing to listen closely to people who may not express themselves in exactly the same way as we do, we can all experience the benefits of new ideas we may have never heard before.
Planning Inclusive Research: A Comparison of Two Inclusive Dissertation Research Projects
Authors: Hughes Oscar E. , Schwartz Ariel E.
Published: February 2024

Planning inclusive research should center meaningful engagement of co-researchers with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities to address issues that are important to their communities. There are a variety of approaches to planning research projects consistent with the guiding principles of inclusive research. We describe components of planning inclusive research by comparing two inclusive dissertation research projects. We organize our comparison into five sections: (1) initiating the projects, (2) team member characteristics and roles, (3) building and sustaining relationships, (4) accessibility in the research process, and (5) outcomes. We then discuss how contextual and team-level factors influence the process of planning inclusive research.
Inclusive Dissemination: Inclusive Research Dissemination With Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Parent-Johnson Wendy S. , Duncan Austin W.
Published: February 2024

Inclusive research emphasizes the importance of researchers with intellectual and developmental disabilities playing active roles in all phases of research, including research and information dissemination. This article explores how contemporary literature and practical application of inclusive practices in the academic setting of a University Center of Excellence in Developmental Disabilities sheds light on this important yet often overlooked facet of research. It argues that, by adopting a suite of new and more inclusive approaches to dissemination, intellectual and developmental disability research and analysis can reach far beyond the walls of the academy. Approaches to inclusive and strategic sharing of research and other information are presented that can enhance the application and influence of that research. Strategies for increasing inclusivity are also detailed, along with challenges and future considerations to help the field enshrine these strategies in common practice. Finally, barriers to inclusive dissemination are discussed, along with methods to overcome them. Although it is clear that more research and work need to be done on this subject, these strategies, approaches, and methods will help research teams become more inclusive, ensuring the research is meaningful and accessible to people whose lives are affected by it.
"It Can Be Confusing": Family Perspectives on Food Insecurity Screening in Urban Pediatric Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Lambert Jennifer O. , Falusi Olanrewaju O. , Kaslow-Zieve Emilia , Crawley Samantha , Essel Kofi
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Food insecurity, for which families are routinely screened at medical visits, has deleterious health consequences. This study sought to understand the lived experiences of families with lower incomes participating in food insecurity screening at two urban pediatric primary care clinics. Forty-three semi-structured interviews were performed in English and Spanish with families with public insurance after well visits where food insecurity screening was documented. Immersion-crystallization analysis was used to identify salient themes. Families reported discomfort with food insecurity screening, but nonetheless found screening acceptable when performed universally and privately. Families shared confusion about how their screening responses would be used and expected that resources would be available promptly for those who screen positive. Food insecurity screening may be improved for families through explanations of how responses will be used, allowing families to opt out, soliciting family preferences for resource referral, and offering promptly available resources for families with food insecurity.
Factors Associated with Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment Services in a Medicaid Managed Care Pediatric Population
Authors: Austin Shamly , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo , Comer-HaGans DeLawnia , Zhang Yuan
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment (EPSDT) services is a Medicaid benefit for children that addresses their health problems before they become advanced, debilitating, and expensive. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric beneficiaries (newborn to younger than 21 years) enrolled in a Medicaid managed care organization to examine the factors associated with EPSDT screening services completion. We obtained 2018 administrative claims data for beneficiaries continuously enrolled for a minimum of 90 days (n=156,108). Completion of EPSDT screening services among our Medicaid managed care beneficiaries was low. Those having more emergency department visits and hospitalizations, having family medicine practitioners as primary care physicians, belonging to the racial/ethnic group Asian/Pacific Islander/Hawaiian/Alaskan Native/Native American, and 18 to younger than 21 years age group were less likely than others to complete EPSDT services. Our results provide information on segments of pediatric beneficiaries that can be targeted to increase EPSDT screening services completion.
Factors that Affect Patient Wait Times at a Free Clinic
Authors: Min Eric , Shah Ziniya , Keller Tricia , Howarth Madeline , Ekeocha Chinwe , Cooper Robert , Shah Summit H.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Free clinics may present long wait times. A retrospective chart review was conducted at a free clinic to understand contributing factors. Three wait times (total visit time, lobby wait time, and triage time) were analyzed across 349 patients. Variables included in the models were the total number of patients, providers, and volunteers; interpreter services; social work involvement; medical complexity; new vs. returning patient; scheduled vs. walk-in appointment; transportation provision; medical volunteer training level; and on-site medications and labs. Data analysis with multiple regressions was conducted. Factors that significantly affected wait times included the level of medical complexity (p<.001), medical volunteer training levels (p<.001), in-house labs (p<.001), in-house medications (p=.04), and new patients (p=.01). An intervention involving time benchmarks at the beginning of clinics reduced first-wave lobby wait times (p<.001). Future interventions addressing these factors may reduce wait times at other clinics.
Immigrant Mothers' Perspectives on Pediatric Primary Care: Challenges and Solutions to Improve Medical Home Use
Authors: Wagner Tricia Francisco , Olmsted Allison , Lopez Kimberly Kay , Fredricks Karla
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Children in immigrant families (CIF) constitute 25% of all children in the United States. Known barriers to accessing and navigating the health care system for immigrants (i.e., poverty, fear, limited English proficiency, lack of insurance) lead to decreased medical home establishment among CIF, although the ways in which these obstacles affect medical home access are less studied. With a focus on Congolese, Afghan, Syrian/Iraqi, and Central American immigrants, key informant interviews and focus groups were conducted to identify mothers' perceptions of and experiences with pediatric primary health care. Five common themes emerged: mothers' critical role in children's health, uniqueness of the U.S. health care system, logistical challenges, influence of prior clinical experiences, and importance of culturally appropriate communication. Few, but distinct, differences among the groups revealed specific obstacles for individual populations. Improving rates of medical home use among CIF requires targeted, immigrant-informed approaches that involve population outreach as well as systems-level changes.
Vaccine Attitudes and Uptake Among Latino Residents of a Former COVID-19 Hotspot
Authors: Cleaveland Carol , Anderson Taylor , McNally Kimberly , Roess Amira A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified Prince William County (PWC), Va. as a hotspot with a high disease rate among Latinos. This study uses spatial, survey, and qualitative data to understand attitudes towards vaccine uptake among PWC Latinos. A quantitative analysis (n=266) estimates the association for vaccine acceptance among Latinos. Next, qualitative interviews with Latinos (n=37) examine vaccine attitudes. Finally, a spatial analysis identifies clusters of social vulnerability and low vaccine uptake in PWC and adjacent counties. Our findings show that a substantial proportion of PWC Latinos had low vaccination rates as of December 2022, two years after the vaccine's release. Side effects and safety and approval concerns were cited in both the quantitative and qualitative studies. Persistent vaccine disparities are concerning given the high hospitalization and mortality rates that prevailed among Latinos early in the pandemic.
La Rosalía y la nación: Redes sociales, discursos políticos y cultura nacional en Cataluña
Authors: Grasset Eloi
Published: February 2024

Resumen: El éxito global de Rosalía muestra la porosa, inestable y compleja relación que existe entre los mercados globales y la cultura nacional. Además de los múltiples debates públicos que Rosalía ha generado en los últimos años, en Cataluña la discusión sobre la artista ha girado también alrededor de su catalanidad. En este artículo me centro en la recepción de Rosalía en el entorno político catalán para discutir distintas maneras en que los límites de la cultura catalana han sido tratados después del referéndum de independencia de Cataluña de 2017. Centrándome específicamente en los dos principales partidos independentistas— Junts per Catalunya y Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya — y las reacciones de sus líderes al éxito de Rosalía, muestro el papel que la lengua sigue jugando en la confección de los discursos culturales en Cataluña. Teniendo en cuenta la globalización y la cada vez más reducida influencia de los gobiernos en la confección de los sistemas culturales, exploro la necesidad de repensar la jerarquía de los factores que definen la identidad catalana.
The Interjection !Olé! — origins in Caló (Andalusian Para-romani)
Authors: Sayers William
Published: February 2024

Abstract: The Spanish exclamation olé is traced to Caló and is one result of the interaction of the paradigms of demonstrative pronouns, personal pronouns, and locative adverbs, when Common Romani was confronted with Andalusian Spanish. Not a compliment or hortatory exclamation directed at the flamenco performer or bullfighter, it was initially an ostensive deictic comment addressed to other members of the public and meant "(look at/listen to) that person (artist) over yonder" and thus promoted community pride and cohesion.
Absorption-invariant focusing efficiency for wavefront-shaping controlled reflection from absorbing disordered media
Authors: Anderson Benjamin R. , Gunawidjaja Ray , Eilers Hergen
Published: February 2024

We numerically model the influence of absorption on wavefront-shaping controlled reflection from absorbing disordered media and provide experimental verification of our model. We find that absorption modifies the reflection eigenvalue density, the average reflectance, and the reflection matrix element density. However, we also find that despite these effects, the efficiency of wavefront-shaping controlled reflection is invariant with absorption.
Bessel-Gauss coherently combined beams
Authors: Jabczyński Jan K.
Published: February 2024

The application of a conical wavefront in the near field of the tiled aperture coherent beam combination (CBC) produces a segmented, similar to Bessel-Gauss irradiance pattern (BG-CBC), in the far field. The properties of such a structured optical field were numerically investigated. In contrast to that for the classical CBC, the power diffracted beyond the ‘zero’ BG-CBC diffraction order is more smoothly and homogenously distributed, not evidencing sharp maxima and dark regions typical for CBC. The novelty of the BG-CBC with segmented conical wavefront is a simple way of caustics elongation and redistribution of power density for the same CBC architecture.
The anterior cingulate cortex controls the hyperactivity in subthalamic neurons in male mice with comorbid chronic pain and depression
Authors: Wang Ying-Di , Bao Shu-Ting , Gao Yuan , Chen Jin , Jia Tao , Yin Cui , Cao Jun-Li , Xiao Cheng , Zhou Chunyi
Published: February 2024

Neurons in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) become hyperactive following nerve injury and promote pain-related responses in mice. Considering that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in pain and emotion processing and projects to the STN, we hypothesize that ACC neurons may contribute to hyperactivity in STN neurons in chronic pain. In the present study, we showed that ACC neurons enhanced activity in response to noxious stimuli and to alterations in emotional states and became hyperactive in chronic pain state established by spared nerve injury of the sciatic nerve (SNI) in mice. In naïve mice, STN neurons were activated by noxious stimuli, but not by alterations in emotional states. Pain responses in STN neurons were attenuated in both naïve and SNI mice when ACC neurons were inhibited. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of the ACC-STN pathway induced bilateral hyperalgesia and depression-like behaviors in naive mice; conversely, inhibition of this pathway is sufficient to attenuate hyperalgesia and depression-like behaviors in SNI mice and naïve mice subjected to stimulation of STN neurons. Finally, mitigation of pain-like and depression-like behaviors in SNI mice by inhibition of the ACC-STN projection was eliminated by activation of STN neurons. Our results demonstrate that hyperactivity in the ACC-STN pathway may be an important pathophysiology in comorbid chronic pain and depression. Thus, the ACC-STN pathway may be an intervention target for the treatment of the comorbid chronic pain and depression.
Wait and watch: A trachoma surveillance strategy from Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Sata Eshetu , Seife Fikre , Ayele Zebene , Murray Sarah A. , Wickens Karana , Le Phong , Zerihun Mulat , Melak Berhanu , Chernet Ambahun , Jensen Kimberly A. , Gessese Demelash , Zeru Taye , Dawed Adisu Abebe , Debebe Hiwot , Tadesse Zerihun , Callahan E. Kelly , Martin Diana L. , Nash Scott D.
Published: February 2024

Background

Trachoma recrudescence after elimination as a public health problem has been reached is a concern for control programs globally. Programs typically conduct district-level trachoma surveillance surveys (TSS) ≥ 2 years after the elimination threshold is achieved to determine whether the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children ages 1 to 9 years remains <5%. Many TSS are resulting in a TF prevalence ≥5%. Once a district returns to TF ≥5%, a program typically restarts costly mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns and surveys at least twice, for impact and another TSS. In Amhara, Ethiopia, most TSS which result in a TF ≥5% have a prevalence close to 5%, making it difficult to determine whether the result is due to true recrudescence or to statistical variability. This study’s aim was to monitor recrudescence within Amhara by waiting to restart MDA within 2 districts with a TF prevalence ≥5% at TSS, Metema = 5.2% and Woreta Town = 5.1%. The districts were resurveyed 1 year later using traditional and alternative indicators, such as measures of infection and serology, a “wait and watch” approach.

Methods/Principal findings

These post-surveillance surveys, conducted in 2021, were multi-stage cluster surveys whereby certified graders assessed trachoma signs. Children ages 1 to 9 years provided a dried blood spot and children ages 1 to 5 years provided a conjunctival swab. TF prevalence in Metema and Woreta Town were 3.6% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]:1.4–6.4) and 2.5% (95% CI:0.8–4.5) respectively. Infection prevalence was 1.2% in Woreta Town and 0% in Metema. Seroconversion rates to Pgp3 in Metema and Woreta Town were 0.4 (95% CI:0.2–0.7) seroconversions per 100 child-years and 0.9 (95% CI:0.6–1.5) respectively.

Conclusions/Significance

Both study districts had a TF prevalence <5% with low levels of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and transmission, and thus MDA interventions are no longer warranted. The wait and watch approach represents a surveillance strategy which could lead to fewer MDA campaigns and surveys and thus cost savings with reduced antibiotic usage.
Where it all begins: Predicting initial therapeutic skills before clinical training in cognitive behavior therapy
Authors: Schaffrath Jana , Bommer Jana , Schwartz Brian , Lutz Wolfgang , Deisenhofer Ann-Kathrin
Published: February 2024

To train novice students adequately, it is crucial to understand where they start and how they develop their skills. This study examined the impact of novice students’ characteristics on their initial clinical micro-skills when treating simulated patients with cognitive behavior therapy. The sample consisted of 44 graduate psychology students treating seven simulated patients. Clinical micro-skills were measured both using video-based ratings in reaction to short video clips of simulated patients (via the Facilitative Interpersonal Skills (FIS) performance task) and by using video-based ratings within a session with a simulated patient (using the Inventory of Therapeutic Interventions and Skills; ITIS). Two separate LASSO regressions were performed using machine learning to select potential predictors for both skills assessments. Subsequently, a bootstrapping algorithm with 10,000 iterations was used to examine the variability of regression coefficients. Using LASSO regression, we identified two predictors for clinical micro-skills in standardized scenarios: extraversion (b = 0.10) and resilience (b = 0.09), both were not significantly associated with clinical micro-skills. Together, they explained 15% of the skill variation. Bootstrapping confirmed the stability of these predictors. For clinical micro-skills in sessions, only competitiveness was excluded by LASSO regression, and all predictors showed significant instability. The results provide initial evidence that trainees’ resilience and extraversion should be promoted in the clinical training of cognitive behavior therapy. More studies on clinical micro-skills and training with larger sample sizes are needed to fully understand clinical development.
MCMC algorithm based on Markov random field in image segmentation
Authors: Wang Huazhe , Ma Li
Published: February 2024

In the realm of digital image applications, image processing technology occupies a pivotal position, with image segmentation serving as a foundational component. As the digital image application domain expands across industries, the conventional segmentation techniques increasingly challenge to cater to modern demands. To address this gap, this paper introduces an MCMC-based image segmentation algorithm based on the Markov Random Field (MRF) model, marking a significant stride in the field. The novelty of this research lies in its method that capitalizes on domain information in pixel space, amplifying the local segmentation precision of image segmentation algorithms. Further innovation is manifested in the development of an adaptive segmentation image denoising algorithm based on MCMC sampling. This algorithm not only elevates image segmentation outcomes, but also proficiently denoises the image. In the experimental results, MRF-MCMC achieves better segmentation performance, with an average segmentation accuracy of 94.26% in Lena images, significantly superior to other common image segmentation algorithms. In addition, the study proposes that the denoising model outperforms other algorithms in peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity in environments with noise standard deviations of 15, 25, and 50. In essence, these experimental findings affirm the efficacy of this study, opening avenues for refining digital image segmentation methodologies.
The Franco-Arab conflict of Balducci and Daru in Camus’s ‘The Guest’
Authors: Zuraikat Malek J. , al-Mansouri Jehan
Published: February 2024

Albert Camus’s ‘The Guest’ ([1957] 2012) is a short narrative that displays several conflicts at the colonial, existential, psychological, and individual levels at once. The narrative introduces these conflicts through its simple plot that fully relies on the relationship between Daru (the schoolmaster), Balducci (the gendarme) and the Arab (the prisoner). Understanding the relationships between these three constitutes the foundation to decoding the thematic value or message of the narrative. Therefore, this article scrutinizes the deeper level of the relationship between these characters and argues that the main conflict in the narrative is between humans of authentic self and those of unauthentic one. The article concludes that ‘The Guest’ is not a simple narrative about postcolonialism or schoolteachers’ ethics, but a heavily sophisticated piece that celebrates humans’ authenticity and freedom as the main foundations or principles of peaceful life.
Estrogen signaling in development: recent insights from the zebrafish
Authors: Wesselman Hannah M. , Wingert Rebecca A.
Published: February 2024

While traditionally recognized as a sex hormone, estrogen has a potent effect on the development of tissues beyond those of the reproductive system. Estrogen synthesis enzymes and estrogen receptors are broadly expressed in vertebrate tissues, further indicating their importance in various processes. These include the tissues of the zebrafish, which is a particularly suitable model for studying early development due to its rapid ex utero ontogeny and conserved genetic and cellular composition with other vertebrates. In this review, we provide readers with an overview of estrogen signaling, discuss important attributes of the zebrafish animal model with a special focus on the kidney, and explore recent insights from zebrafish studies about the roles of estrogen signaling in organogenesis across germ layer derivatives that range from the kidney to the brain and liver.
manipulação genética e a dignidade da pessoa humana
Authors: Leite Leonardo Canez , Piller Thalyta Rabelo
Published: February 2024

Este artigo tem como principal objeto de estudo o campo da Manipulação Genética e sua relação com o princípio base de todo ordenamento: Dignidade da Pessoa Humana. A ausência de debates e conscientização deste campo do Direito: Bioética e Biodireito pode levar o Direito a atuar apenas como um reflexo dos acontecimentos e não como um limitador, como prevenção de abusos e proteção do ser humano, que, diga-se de passagem, é o centro de toda vida em sociedade, e que deve ser protegido de todas as formas possíveis. A evolução da Ciência acarreta diversas consequências no meio ambiente, e ainda, no constituir do ser humano. Atualmente, tem-se diversos avanços no campo da genética e suas influências no ser humano devem ser estudadas e delimitadas pelo Direito, pois a aplicação desmedida da ciência pode influir em que o Ser humano é ou pode vir a se tornar. Assim, a Manipulação Genética, uma ciência que afeta o ser humano no seu constituir, deve ser normatizada pelo Direito.
Razões e respostas:
Authors: Pacheco Lanes Ribeiro Rafael , Barbosa de Oliveira Mucci Sandra
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo analisou a judicialização da relação de consumo na cidade de Ponte Nova/MG, visando traçar o perfil das ações judicializadas naquela comarca. No intuito de mensurar os motivos que levaram à judicialização no período pesquisado, foi realizada uma análise do histórico do direito do consumidor brasileiro e dos princípios norteadores bem como, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica com aplicação de questionário estruturado sob os processos judiciais, posteriormente foram analisados os dados obtidos. Nos resultados, constatou-se que: na maioria dos casos, o cliente buscou a resolução de suas questões através dos canais de atendimento disponibilizados pelas empresas; a maior reclamação encontrada nos autos analisados foi a de vício no produto; e o produto mais demandado nas ações foi o telefone celular.
O BULLYING COMO MOTIVAÇÃO PARA DEBATES SOBRE GÊNERO E SEXUALIDADE NA ESCOLA
Authors: Do Amaral Santos Thales , de Queiroz Nogueira Paulo Henrique
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa sobre a presença de pessoas LGBTQIA+, em uma escola pública, em um contexto de propagação do pânico moral disseminado pelas ofensivas antigênero. Durante a realização da pesquisa, deparamo-nos com a circulação do termo bullying para nomear as violências vivenciadas por LGBTQIA+. Isso possibilitou articular medidas de combate à homofobia e de proteger suas vítimas frente aos receios estabelecidos. Foram realizadas nove entrevistas em profundidade com professores, coordenadores e gestores. As conclusões apresentadas referendam o uso do bullying como estratégia para o debate nas escolas de temas correlacionados à diversidade sexual, gênero e presença de pessoas LGBTQIA+.