bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Rock Crack Propagation Induced by Blasting with a Decoupled Charge under High In Situ Stress
Authors: Li Xudong , Liu Kewei , Yang Jiacai
Published: March 2020

The high in situ stress can significantly affect the blast‐induced rock fragmentation and cause difficulties in deep mining and civil engineering where the drilling and blasting technique is applied. In this study, the rock crack propagation induced by blasting under in situ stress is first analyzed theoretically, and then a numerical model with a decoupled charge in LS‐DYNA is developed to reveal how the initiation and propagation of rock cracks are under high in situ stress. Through simulation, the mechanisms of blast‐induced crack evolution under various hydrostatic pressures and nonhydrostatic pressures are investigated, and the differences in crack evolution with specific decoupling coefficients are compared. According to the simulation, three damage zones, i.e., the crushed zone, the nonlinear fracture zone, and the radial crack propagation zone, are formed, and the radial crack evolution is greatly suppressed by the high in situ stress which has no much influence on the crack propagation in the crushed and the nonlinear fracture zones. The velocity of crack propagation is slightly reduced, and the process of crack propagation is stopped early when the rock is subjected to high in situ stress. Furthermore, the numerical analysis indicates that the crack grows preferentially in the direction of maximum principal stress, and the radial crack propagation is predominantly controlled by the preloaded pressure, which is vertical to the crack propagation direction. Based on the numerical results, it is suggested that the optimal decoupling coefficients for rock cracking are 2.65, 1.87, 1.37, and 1.22 for 0, 10, 20, and 30 MPa, respectively. This study provides not only an analysis of the rock crack evolution under high in situ stress but also a reference for resolving excavation difficulties in deep mining.
Mass Transfer and Colour Analysis during Vacuum Frying of Colombian Coastal Carimañola
Authors: Caro C Angie D. , Sampayo R Sandrith P. , Acevedo C Diofanor , Montero C Piedad , Martelo Raúl J.
Published: March 2020

This study is aimed at analysing the effect of vacuum frying on the kinetic parameters of mass transfer, the CIEL∗a∗b∗colour parameters of the Carimañola. For the kinetic analysis, the moisture and oil content were measured by means of an experimental design consisting of two factors: frying time with seven levels (60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 420, and 540 s) and frying temperature with three levels (120, 130, and 140°C). The diffusivity coefficient, the moisture transfer rate, and the oil adsorption rate, with their respective activation energies, were calculated. For the colour analysis, the reflectance technique was used to determine the colour coordinates of the CIEL∗a∗b∗space, and the general colour change was calculated (ΔE). Concerning the kinetics, the increase in temperature and frying time reduced the moisture content, while the oil content decreased with the increase in temperature and increases with frying time. The diffusivity ranged from1,238×10−6 m2/s at 120°C to2,84×10−6 m2/s at 140°C. The mass transfer coefficients for moisture ranged from2×10−4 m/s at 120°C to4×10−4 m/s at 140°C. The values of the oil uptake rate were from 0.0022 s-1at 120°C to 0.0018 s-1at 140°C. Finally, the luminosity parameter shows a decrease with the increase in temperature, although the first 240 s shows a rise and then begins to decrease. Vacuum frying allowed Carimañolas to be obtained with a lower oil and moisture content, with an appropriate colouring, eye-catching and visually attractive to consumers.
BRD4 Levels Determine the Response of Human Lung Cancer Cells to BET Degraders That Potently Induce Apoptosis through Suppression of Mcl-1
Authors: Zong Dan , Gu Jiajia , Cavalcante Giovanna C. , Yao Weilong , Zhang Guojing , Wang Shaomeng , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , He Xia , Sun Shi-Yong
Published: March 2020

Lung cancer consists of approximately 80% non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 20% small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide despite advances in early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Thus, novel therapies are still urgently needed. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins, primarily comprised of BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 proteins, function as epigenetic readers and master transcription coactivators and are now recognized cancer therapeutic targets. BET degraders such as ZBC260 and dBET represent a novel class of BET inhibitors that act by inducing BET degradation. The current study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacies of BET degraders, particularly ZBC260, against lung cancer, as well as understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying molecular markers that determine cell sensitivity to BET degraders. A panel of NSCLC cell lines possessed similar response patterns to ZBC260 and dBET but different responses to BET inhibitor JQ-1. BRD levels, particularly BRD4, correlated positively with high sensitivity to BET degraders but not to JQ-1. BET degraders potently induced apoptosis in sensitive NSCLC cells and were accompanied by reduction of Mcl-1 and c-FLIP levels, which are critical for mediating induction of apoptosis and enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, ZBC260 exerted more potent activity than JQ-1 in vivo against the growth of NSCLC xenografts and patient-derived xenografts. These findings warrant future clinical validation of the efficacy of BET degraders in NSCLC, particularly those with high levels of BRD proteins, especially BRD4.

Significance:

The current study demonstrates the potential of novel BET degraders in the treatment of lung cancer and warrants clinical validation of BET degraders in lung cancer with high levels of BRD4.
Does Iodinated Contrast Affect Residual Renal Function in Dialysis Patients? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oloko Adesewa , Talreja Hari , Davis Alexandra , McCormick Brendan , Clark Edward , Akbari Ayub , Kong Jennifer , Hiremath Swapnil
Published: March 2020

Background: It is important for medical practitioners to be aware of the effect of iodinated contrast media on the residual renal function (RRF) of dialysis patients who require diagnostic or therapeutic imaging procedures. Preservation of RRF is important given that it is a robust predictor of higher survival. However, the absence of any effect would allow for easier diagnostic or therapeutic imaging tests to be performed. Objective: This systematic review with meta-analysis will quantify the effect of intravascular administration of iodinated contrast on the residual function of adult dialysis patients. Study Design: The selection criteria included adult (age ≥ 18 years) populations undergoing dialysis, who have been administered an intravascular contrast. The primary outcome was the measurement of residual function. Secondary outcomes were disease progression from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis, hospitalization following contrast administration, and all-cause mortality. Results: Nine studies including 434 patients met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was performed on 7 trials with complete quantitative data. The weighted difference in means was −0.16 mL/min (95% confidence interval −0.66 to 0.34 mL/min; p = 0.53), suggesting a small reduction in residual function following contrast administration. Significant heterogeneity in the data was observed, with a Cochran Q of 35.83 and an I2 of 83.25 (p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis of retrospective versus prospective study design resolved heterogeneity. Few data were reported for clinical outcomes. Limitations: Small sample size of included studies. Conclusion: Intravascularly administered contrast media may not result in a significant reduction of residual function in dialysis patients.
Contributors to the Growth of Same Day Discharge After Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Taxiarchi Paraskevi , Martin Glen P. , Kinnaird Tim , Curzen Nick , Ahmed Javed , Ludman Peter , De Belder Mark , Shoaib Ahmad , Rashid Muhammad , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Financial pressures for reducing hospitalization costs have driven to a move toward same day discharge (SDD) following uncomplicated percutaneous coronary intervention. The UK healthcare system has transitioned to predominantly SDD for elective percutaneous coronary intervention. This study aimed to examine patient’s clinical, procedural, and institutional characteristics that are associated with the increased adoption of SDD adoption over time in the United Kingdom and determine whether these vary by region.

Methods:

The data were derived from the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society including all the elective percutaneous coronary intervention from 2007 to 2014 in the United Kingdom. We structured 8 meaningful groups of variables, and their relative importance was obtained by decomposing the R
2
in each study year.

Results:

The relative importance of Strategic Health Authorities was substantially higher than all other factors every year, with some reduction over time, from 49.2% (95% CI, 45.4%–52.4%) in 2007 to 43.4% (95% CI, 39.9%–46.6%) in 2014. Center volume followed with 8.95% (95% CI, 7.0%–10.9%) to 19.8% (95% CI, 16.7%–22.4%). Between patients’ clinical and procedural characteristics, pharmacology and access site had the highest relative importance values, from 14.3% (95% CI, 12.1%–16.4%) to 7.1% (95% CI, 5.5%–8.8%) and from 3.6% (95% CI, 2.3%–5.1%) to 11.8% (95% CI, 9.4%–14.3%), respectively. Relative importance of different groups varied differently across Strategic Health Authorities.

Conclusions:

Growth of SDD was mainly associated with regional characteristics, while subcontributors varied substantially between different regions. Standardized guidelines would provide more homogenous adoption of SDD nationally. This analysis might be of wider interest in healthcare systems slower in SDD adoption.
An Appreciation of Douglas Crimp
Authors: Joselit David
Published: March 2020

A brief remembrance of Douglas Crimp's political activism and its transformational effect on the author.
Checklist, Bibliography and Quantitative Data of the Arthropods of Hispaniola
Authors: PEREZ-GELABERT DANIEL E.
Published: March 2020

An updated and extensively revised checklist of the arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti) is presented 11 years after the publication of the original in 2008. It integrates and quantifies all the terrestrial and surrounding marine arthropod species (plus those of Tardigrada and Onychophora), reported in the zoological literature for Hispaniola through the middle of 2019.        A total of 9,920 valid species (8,202 extant and 1,718 fossil) are listed, which represents an increase of 1,683 species (1,369 extant and 314 fossil) from the original list. The largest component is Insecta (6,784 extant and 1,136 fossil), including 2,206 extant species of Coleoptera, 1,042 species of Hemiptera, 929 species of Diptera, 913 species of Lepidoptera and 774 species of Hymenoptera.        Emphasis is on reviewing and updating the original list, including all newly recorded taxa and all pertinent taxonomic changes proposed since then. Important corrections have been made, and explanatory notes have been added. For example, multiple authors have confused the Lesser Antillean island of Dominica with the Dominican Republic. This error is much more common in the literature than was initially recognized. Erroneous records attributing species from one island to the other have been identified and corrected. The original spelling of the cricket species Scapsipedus bastardoi Otte & Perez-Gelabert, 2009, dedicated to Dominican biologist Ruth H. Bastardo, is corrected to Scapsipedus bastardoae nom. emend.        High species endemism is typical of the biota of Caribbean islands. In this checklist, a total of 3,161 arthropod species (38.6%) are considered endemic or unique to Hispaniola. Among the speciose groups with higher levels of endemism are the Diplopoda (91.6%), Orthoptera (90.1%), Trichoptera (82.6%), Coleoptera (49.3%) and Araneae (47.5%). Also, a total of 201 arthropod species (174 insects + 27 non-insects) are identified as introduced to the island.        The accompanying bibliography complements the taxonomic information and includes over 5,000 titles.
New species of Silhouettea (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from Qeshm Island, Iran and the DNA barcoding of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea gobies
Authors: KOVAČIĆ MARCELO , SADEGHI REZA , ESMAEILI HAMID REZA
Published: March 2020

Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. is described from Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. Silhouettea ghazalae sp. nov. is distinguished from congeners by having: small mental fold present on chin, head length 31.4–32.4% of standard length, head width 24.5% of standard length, second dorsal fin I/11, anal fin I/13, breast with large cycloid scales, predorsal area naked, suborbital row b anteriorly beginning below anterior edge of pupil, posteriorly ending below pore β, suborbital row c anteriorly extending more than row b and posteriorly extending less than row b, suborbital row cp oblique with four papillae, body with four ill-defined midlateral blotches and the fifth a triangular mark on the caudal fin base, no clearly defined pale saddles on back, and the first dorsal fin pigmented with dots and with dark blotch present anteriorly. A key to Silhouettea species is provided. A dataset including novel and publicly available mtDNA COI sequences of 12 species from the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea gobies belonging to eight genera have been assembled in order to provide a reference dataset for DNA barcoding studies. The new species is further characterised by a minimum K2P distance of 21% to its closest relatives in our dataset, Cabillus tongarevae in the mtDNA COI barcode region.
Temporary organizing and permanent contexts
Authors: Sydow Jörg , Windeler Arnold
Published: March 2020

Temporary organizing in general and project-based organizing in particular are to be understood only in relation to more permanent contexts such as organizations, inter-organizational networks, industries/fields and society. In view of the ability of organizations to balance permanency and temporariness, they are unlikely to disappear due to temporary organizing. Rather, they will continue to change their form recurrently and, thereby, remain as an essential building block of our more fluid societies today. Using a practice-based perspective informed by structuration theory and critically reviewing empirical studies of project-based organizations and inter-organizational project networks, this article provides a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between the temporary and the permanent.
Slow motion revolution or assimilation? Theorizing ‘entryism’ in destabilizing regimes of inequality
Authors: Thomson Kelly
Published: March 2020

Post-essentialist and poststructuralist conceptualizations of identities and social structures offer the theoretical potential for social change to emerge from actions and interactions among socially located actors. This ‘micro-emancipation’ approach suggests that changes negotiated in relations among actors can be scaled up or expanded beyond individual interactions to effect change in macro structures that sustain inequality. This micro approach contrasts sharply with binary, essentialist and structuralist approaches that implicitly suggest that hegemonic structures will undermine any incipient changes in social relations that emerge in interactions. What has been called ‘entryism’, i.e. the entry of marginalized actors into organizations, has often been viewed in an ambivalent light particularly by critical theorists who have questioned whether marginalized actors who join organizations can do so without becoming coopted. Does the entry of some actors from marginalized groups into organizations advance the opportunities for others or, as some have argued, do actors who succeed become coopted or even participants in the legitimization and reproduction of systems of exclusion? This article theorizes the role organizations play in contributing to the reproduction or disruption and transformation of regimes of inequality. Scholarship regarding the potential for micro-emancipatory actions to generate more substantial social change is at a crossroads. While research findings illustrate the binary of outsider/insider is transgressed and there is a sense that larger scale change is occurring as a result, existing theories have not enabled us to account for how this change is occurring – if it is. This article illustrates how postcolonial and new materialist theories offer distinctive conceptual insights that enable us to advance our understanding of how the entry of marginalized actors into organizations may contribute to destabilization and transformation of regimes of inequality.
Domestic Politics and Cross-Strait Relations: A Synthetic Perspective
Authors: Wu Yu-Shan , Chen Kuan-Wu
Published: March 2020

This study examines the association between political competition (elections in Taiwan and political successions in China) and cross-Strait conflicts. We find that the Taiwan president has been more assertive toward mainland China during the election period or in his second term, than during the inter-electoral period or in the first term. The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reacts to Taiwan’s provocations more harshly when he was in a period of power transition than when he had consolidated power. The two phenomena rest on the same assumption: when a political leader is domestically challenged, he cannot appear weak in external behaviors; when the leader is secure in his position, he can afford to make external concessions. We test the assumption against the empirical evidence from the cross-Strait relations of 1989–2012 and find the most serious conflicts occurred during Taiwan’s electoral period and when the CCP general secretary was in power transition. The study advances our understanding of how conflicts occur in cross-Strait relations and may lead to possible ways of their prevention.
Is It Really a Risk? The Parameters of the Criminalisation of the Sexual Transmission/Exposure to HIV
Authors: Hughes David
Published: March 2020

This article considers whether there is a rationale for criminalisation of the sexual transmission and exposure to HIV by reviewing the harm principle. The article then provides a comparative jurisdictional analysis of transmission and exposure in three particularised jurisdictions: England, Canada and the US. It will be established that few jurisdictions truly consider the risk of serious harm, and thus lack a theoretical foundation for criminalisation. A comparison of relational judicial precepts will follow the discussion of extant law in each country. The final part of the article proposes a bespoke new legislative framework that will criminalise certain types of transmission and exposure.
We’re All in This Together: Understanding How Tourism Advocates Build Relationships across the Tourism Industry
Authors: Knollenberg Whitney , McGehee Nancy G. , Perdue Richard R. , Andereck Kathleen L.
Published: March 2020

The tourism industry has long been concerned with gaining political influence to ensure supportive policies and governance. Tourism advocates are leaders who seek political influence by creating a unified industry voice and setting a prioritized legislative agenda. This requires tourism advocates to have strong relationships with members of the tourism industry. We use a political advocacy framework to explore how tourism advocates develop as leaders and the behaviors they utilize to build relationships within the tourism industry in the context of a state tourism advocacy association in the United States. The findings suggest that there are many paths to becoming a tourism advocate, but all require supportive organizational resources, industry knowledge, and social capital as these attributes are vital in efforts to build the relationships with tourism industry members.
Jealousy as a Function of Rival Characteristics: Two Large Replication Studies and Meta-Analyses Support Gender Differences in Reactions to Rival Attractiveness But Not Dominance
Authors: Pollet Thomas V. , Saxton Tamsin K.
Published: March 2020

Jealousy is a key emotion studied in the context of romantic relationships. One seminal study (Dijkstra, P., & Buunk, B. (1998). Jealousy as a function of rival characteristics: An evolutionary perspective. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24 (11), 1158–1166. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672982411003) investigated the interactions between a participant’s gender and their reactions to the attractiveness or dominance of a romantic rival. In a vignette-based study, it was found that women’s jealousy was more responsive than men’s to a rival’s attractiveness, whereas in contrast, the rival’s dominance evoked more jealousy from men than from women. Here, we attempt to replicate these interactions in two samples ( N = 339 and N = 456) and present subsequent meta-analyses (combined Ns = 5,899 and 4,038, respectively). These meta-analyses showed a small, significant effect of gender on jealousy provoked by rival attractiveness, but no such response to rival dominance. We discuss the potential reasons for these findings and future directions for research on jealousy and rival characteristics.
Parental stress and resilience in autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome
Authors: Pastor-Cerezuela Gemma , Fernández-Andrés Maria-Inmaculada , Pérez-Molina David , Tijeras-Iborra Amparo
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to compare parental stress and resilience in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Down syndrome (DS), and typical development (TD), and analyze the relationship between these two constructs. A total of 97 parents participated (ASD: n = 32, DS: n = 23, and TD: n = 42). The instruments used were the Parental Stress Index and the Resilience Scale. The ASD group obtained higher parental stress related to the child’s characteristics but not related to the parents’ characteristics. The three groups obtained moderate resilience, and high resilience was associated with low parental stress in the ASD and DS groups. The higher parental stress obtained in the ASD group, compared to the DS group, was not associated with aspects related to the parents or demographic and social factors of the families but rather with aspects related to the child and the characteristics of each disorder, as perceived by the parents.
Brain temperature regulation in poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage patients – A multimodal neuromonitoring study
Authors: Addis Alberto , Gaasch Maxime , Schiefecker Alois J , Kofler Mario , Ianosi Bogdan , Rass Verena , Lindner Anna , Broessner Gregor , Beer Ronny , Pfausler Bettina , Thomé Claudius , Schmutzhard Erich , Helbok Raimund
Published: March 2020

Elevated body temperature (Tcore) is associated with poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Brain temperature (Tbrain) is usually higher than Tcore. However, the implication of this difference (Tdelta) remains unclear. We aimed to study factors associated with higher Tdelta and its association with outcome. We included 46 SAH patients undergoing multimodal neuromonitoring, for a total of 7879 h of averaged data of Tcore, Tbrain, cerebral blood flow, cerebral perfusion pressure, intracranial pressure and cerebral metabolism (CMD). Three-months good functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale ≤2. Tbrain was tightly correlated with Tcore (r = 0.948, p < 0.01), and was higher in 73.7% of neuromonitoring time (Tdelta +0.18°C, IQR −0.01 – 0.37°C). A higher Tdelta was associated with better metabolic state, indicated by lower CMD-glutamate ( p = 0.003) and CMD-lactate ( p < 0.001), and lower risk of mitochondrial dysfunction (MD) (OR = 0.2, p < 0.001). During MD, Tdelta was significantly lower (0°C, IQR −0.2 – 0.1; p < 0.001). A higher Tdelta was associated with improved outcome (OR = 7.7, p = 0.002). Our study suggests that Tbrain is associated with brain metabolic activity and exceeds Tcore when mitochondrial function is preserved. Further studies are needed to understand how Tdelta may serve as a surrogate marker for brain function and predict clinical course and outcome after SAH.
Cerebral angiogenesis ameliorates pathological disorders in Nemo-deficient mice with small-vessel disease
Authors: Jiang Yun , Müller Kristin , Khan Mahtab A. , Assmann Julian C. , Lampe Josephine , Kilau Knut , Richter Marius , Kleint Maximilian , Ridder Dirk A , Hübner Norbert , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Wenzel Jan , Schwaninger Markus
Published: March 2020

Cerebral small-vessel diseases (SVDs) often follow a progressive course. Little is known about the function of angiogenesis, which potentially induces regression of SVDs. Here, we investigated angiogenesis in a mouse model of incontinentia pigmenti (IP), a genetic disease comprising features of SVD. IP is caused by inactivating mutations of Nemo, the essential component of NF-κB signaling. When deleting Nemo in the majority of brain endothelial cells ( NemobeKO mice), the transcriptional profile of vessels indicated cell proliferation. Brain endothelial cells expressed Ki67 and showed signs of DNA synthesis. In addition to cell proliferation, we observed sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis in NemobeKO mice. Angiogenesis occurred in all segments of the vasculature and in proximity to vessel rarefaction and tissue hypoxia. Apparently, NEMO was required for productive angiogenesis because endothelial cells that had escaped Nemo inactivation showed a higher proliferation rate than Nemo-deficient cells. Therefore, newborn endothelial cells were particularly vulnerable to ongoing recombination. When we interfered with productive angiogenesis by inducing ongoing ablation of Nemo, mice did not recover from IP manifestations but rather showed severe functional deficits. In summary, the data demonstrate that angiogenesis is present in this model of SVD and suggest that it may counterbalance the loss of vessels.
Pressure distribution classification and segmentation of human hands in contact with the robot body
Authors: Albini Alessandro , Cannata Giorgio
Published: March 2020

This article deals with the problem of the recognition of human hand touch by a robot equipped with large area tactile sensors covering its body. This problem is relevant in the domain of physical human–robot interaction for discriminating between human and non-human contacts and to trigger and to drive cooperative tasks or robot motions, or to ensure a safe interaction. The underlying assumption used in this article is that voluntary physical interaction tasks involve hand touch over the robot body, and therefore the capability to recognize hand contacts is a key element to discriminate a purposive human touch from other types of interaction. The proposed approach is based on a geometric transformation of the tactile data, formed by pressure measurements associated to a non-uniform cloud of 3D points ( taxels) spread over a non-linear manifold corresponding to the robot body, into tactile images representing the contact pressure distribution in two dimensions. Tactile images can be processed using deep learning algorithms to recognize human hands and to compute the pressure distribution applied by the various hand segments: palm and single fingers. Experimental results, performed on a real robot covered with robot skin, show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Moreover, to evaluate its robustness, various types of failures have been simulated. A further analysis concerning the transferability of the system has been performed, considering contacts occurring on a different sensorized robot part.
Frequency analysis of a graphene platelet–reinforced imperfect cylindrical panel covered with piezoelectric sensor and actuator
Authors: Jalali Mohammad Reza , Shavalipour Aghil , Safarpour Mehran , Moayedi Hossein , Safarpour Hamed
Published: March 2020

The main point of the current study is that the frequency analysis of a graphene platelets–reinforced composite (GPLRC) imperfect panel covered with piezoelectric sensor and actuator (PISA) based on the 3D elasticity theory is investigated. Rule of mixture is employed to obtain varying mass density and Poisson’s ratio, while module of elasticity is computed by modified Halpin-Tsai model. The governing equations are obtained using the 3D elasticity theory. By using Fourier series expansion along the longitudinal and latitudinal directions for the stress and displacement fields, a closed form solution is derived. The novelty of the current study is the consideration of the GPLRC panel and PISA, as well as imperfection are implemented on the proposed model using theory of 3D elasticity. Due to perfect bonding between piezoelectric layers and core the compatibility conditions are derived. Finally, influences of PISA thickness, graphene platelet (GPL) distribution pattern, porosity, span angle of panel, number of layers and GPL weight function on the dynamic stability of the GPLRC smart imperfect panel are presented. Another important consequence is that the sandwich panels with lower span angle have better natural frequency. In other words, to obtain desirable frequency response using structures which their shape is similar to GPLRC plate is more recommended than those resemble to GPLRC cylindrical shell.
Poly(vinylidine fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-doped zinc acetate polymer electrolyte for supercapacitor application
Authors: Yohans Miliyon , Singh Munendra , Singh Ram Chandra , Shukla PK , Singh Vijay , Singh Pramod K
Published: March 2020

Poly(vinylidene fluoride- co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) doped with zinc acetate polymer electrolytes have been prepared for electrochemical devices. Electrical conductivity ( σ) obtained from impedance analysis shows a maximum (σ = 4.83 × 10–4 S cm−1) for 25 wt% of salt concentration, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the formation of composite electrolyte and information on the interaction of polymer matrix with the salt. Polarized optical microscopy shows the reduction in the crystallinity of polymer host due to salt doping which is also evidenced in the X-ray diffraction analysis of the samples. A sandwiched structure laboratory-scale supercapacitor has been fabricated using the highest conductivity polymer electrolyte film and activated graphene oxide electrode shows promising results.
Ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide)-incorporated biopolymer electrolyte for efficient supercapacitor
Authors: Ahuja Himani , Dhapola Pawan Singh , Rahul  , Sahoo Nanda Gopal , Singh Vijay , Singh Pramod K
Published: March 2020

The sole aim of the present article was to develop a highly efficient electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) using a solid polymer electrolyte. Solution cast technique was adopted to fabricate an efficient EDLC. Solid biopolymer electrolytes were synthesized based on corn starch as a host polymer and sodium chloride as well as ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide) as dopants. The ionic conductivity of present system has been carried out using impedance spectroscopy. Detailed electrical, structural and thermal studies of polymer electrolytes have been carried out. An efficient EDLC has been fabricated using carbon-based electrodes and maximum conducting biopolymer electrolyte which shows promising result.
2500-year cultural sequence in the Massim region of eastern Papua New Guinea reflects adaptive strategies to small islands and changing climate regimes since Lapita settlement
Authors: Shaw Ben , Coxe Simon , Kewibu Vincent , Haro Jemina , Hull Emily , Hawkins Stuart
Published: March 2020

Islands present significant technological and ecological challenges for long-term human settlement, with archaeological investigations of islands globally able to shed light on the adaptive plasticity of cultural groups to changing climatic regimes. The Massim islands of eastern New Guinea significantly reduced in size throughout the Holocene (⩽11.7 kya), providing a unique opportunity to investigate the long-term adaptive capabilities of humans to changing island ecosystems. Here, we report a 2500-2300 year cultural sequence on Nimowa Island in the Louisiade Archipelago of the Massim region which began with the arrival of a late Lapita population during initial beachfront development. Sediment analyses indicate earlier settlement on the island would not have been possible as the coastline was unstable until near-modern sea levels were reached. The island was abandoned from 1290 to 530 cal. BP during a period of unusually dry conditions (‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’) and probable freshwater shortages. Re-settlement coincided with wetter climatic conditions (‘Little Ice Age’), associated with the establishment of large villages, the earliest expression of local pottery traditions and the onset of large-scale regional exchange networks. Import of non-local obsidian reflects two pulses of interaction followed by periods of increased isolation. With the absence of high-quality lithic resources, shell, coral and bone were used as a locally available alternative for tool production. Increased cyclone frequency from ~500 cal. BP greatly increased beach volume in the island and coastal New Guinea, which facilitated the movement of populations onto smaller islands. A late prehistoric shift in settlement patterns had a profound impact on regional social dynamics.
Stroke in systemic lupus erythematosus: epidemiology, mechanism, and long-term outcome
Authors: Guraieb-Chahín P , Cantú-Brito C , Soto-Mota A , Guerrero-Torres L , Flores-Silva F , Chiquete E , Fragoso-Loyo H , González-Duarte A , Valdés-Ferrer SI
Published: March 2020

Objective

To determine stroke prevalence, mechanisms, and long-term outcome in a cohort of Hispanic patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

We analyzed demographical data, the timing between SLE diagnosis and stroke onset, stroke type, recurrence, and outcomes from an institutional database of 4451 patients with SLE followed from 1993 to 2018.

Results

We observed 139 strokes (3.1%), for an incidence rate of 1.25 per 1000 person-years: 81 (58.3%) acute ischemic stroke (AIS), 19 (13.7%) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 17 (12.2%) cerebral venous thrombosis, 13 (9.4%) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and 9 (6.5%) transient ischemic attack. Median time from SLE diagnosis to acute stroke was 60 months (interquartile range 12–132 months). AIS had a bimodal presentation with 26% occurring within the first year and 30% >10 years after SLE diagnosis. In contrast, 75% of ICH cases occurred >3 years (and 34% >10 years) after SLE diagnosis. The most important cause of AIS was secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (48%). Hypertension was associated with 69% of ICH cases, while aneurysmal rupture was observed in 78% of SAH cases. Excellent recovery at hospital discharge was observed in 65%. Stroke recurrence was observed in 7%. The long-term all-cause fatality rate was 8%.

Conclusions

The prevalence of stroke in this cohort was 3.1%. Ischemic strokes had a bimodal presentation, occurring either early after SLE diagnosis or after a several-year delay. Half of the hemorrhagic strokes occurred >10 years after the diagnosis of SLE. Clinical outcome was usually good with a relatively low recurrence rate.
Jaffa’s times: Temporalities of dispossession and the advent of natives’ reclaimed time
Authors: Sa’di-Ibraheem Yara
Published: March 2020

The present article addresses the changes of temporalities within a prolonged displacement process, which has been taking place in the Palestinian city of Jaffa while under Israeli rule. Various temporal perspectives have been imposed by the Israeli authorities on the emptied historical Palestinian neighborhoods, such as terra sine tempore and “ahistorical” narratives. In Al-’Ajami neighborhood, where the Palestinians who evaded expulsion during the 1948 War—the Nakba—were concentered, “freezing” planning policies were imposed until the 1990s, when “privatization” of the refugees’ houses and neoliberal urban renewal began. Following Rifkin’s (2017) notion of “temporal orientation,” this article explores the various temporal experiences of the Palestinians in Al-’Ajami, including waiting, uncertainty, rushing, and a sense of being left out of time. To grasp the multitude of forces acting upon the community, I conducted interviews with six long-standing Palestinian grassroots activists. Analysis of the narratives reveals the various temporalities and rhythms created by the intersectionality and accumulation of oppression and dispossession, including settler–colonial policies and neoliberalism, and illuminates how Jaffa’s Palestinians have coped with—and resisted—them throughout the period under discussion.
An Integrative Review of Factors Associated With Symptom Burden at the End of Life in Children With Cancer
Authors: Eche Ijeoma Julie , Eche Ifeoma Mary , Aronowitz Teri
Published: March 2020

Children with cancer experience multiple symptoms at end of life (EOL) that impair their health-related quality of life. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, this integrative literature review comprehensively summarized symptom experiences of children with cancer at EOL. The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Academic Premier were searched between January 2007 to September 2019 for articles published in English using the MeSH terms: symptom burden or distress AND children with cancer or pediatric cancer or cancer children or oncology and pediatrics AND EOL care or palliative care or death or dying or terminally ill. The inclusion criteria were the following: (a) study designs [randomized controlled trials, nonexperimental, secondary analysis (if aims were distinct from primary studies) and qualitative]; (b) participants <18 years old (died of cancer, had no realistic chance of cure, or had advanced cancer); and (c) focused on symptom experiences/burden at EOL. Exclusion criteria were nonresearch articles, systematic reviews, case studies, reports, and studies that focused on cancer survivors and/or those receiving curative therapies. Twenty-seven articles met inclusion criteria. The most prevalent symptoms—pain, fatigue, dyspnea, and loss of appetitewere associated with impairments in health-related quality of life. Children with brain tumors experienced higher symptom burden compared to those with hematologic/solid malignancies. Children who received cancer-directed therapies experienced disproportionate symptoms and were more likely to die in the intensive care unit compared with those who did not receive cancer-directed therapies. Most common location of death was home. This integrative review indicated that children with cancer were polysymptomatic at EOL. Strategies facilitating effective symptom management at EOL are needed.
Exploring the Relationships Among Middle School Students’ Peer Interactions, Task Efficiency, and Learning Engagement in Game-Based Learning
Authors: Moon Jewoong , Ke Fengfeng
Published: March 2020

Background. Middle school students’ math anxiety and low engagement have been major issues in math education. In order to reduce their anxiety and support their math learning, game-based learning (GBL) has been implemented. GBL research has underscored the role of social dynamics to facilitate a qualitative understanding of students’ knowledge. Whereas students’ peer interactions have been deemed a social dynamic, the relationships among peer interaction, task efficiency, and learning engagement were not well understood in previous empirical studies.

Method. This mixed-method research implemented E-Rebuild, which is a 3D architecture game designed to promote students’ math problem-solving skills. We collected a total of 102 50-minutes gameplay sessions performed by 32 middle school students. Using video-captured and screen-recorded gameplaying sessions, we implemented behavior observations to measure students’ peer interaction efficiency, task efficiency, and learning engagement. We used association analyses, sequential analysis, and thematic analysis to explain how peer interaction promoted students’ task efficiency and learning engagement.

Results. Students’ peer interactions were negatively related to task efficiency and learning engagement. There were also different gameplay patterns by students’ learning/task-relevant peer-interaction efficiency (PIE) level. Students in the low PIE group tended to progress through game tasks more efficiently than those in the high PIE group. The results of qualitative thematic analysis suggested that the students in the low PIE group showed more reflections on game-based mathematical problem solving, whereas those with high PIE experienced distractions during gameplay.

Discussion. This study confirmed that students’ peer interactions without purposeful and knowledge-constructive collaborations led to their low task efficiency, as well as low learning engagement. The study finding shows further design implications: (1) providing in-game prompts to stimulate students’ math-related discussions and (2) developing collaboration contexts that legitimize students’ interpersonal knowledge exchanges with peers.
Sustaining Cultures in the Music Classroom
Authors: Liu Chiao-Wei
Published: March 2020

Cultural diversity is not a new concept in the field of music education. Yet minoritized groups continue to face systematic discrimination. Given the shifting cultural realities, how we as music teachers move beyond recognizing diversity but sustain the various cultural and linguistic ways of being of our students becomes a crucial question. I explore the concept, culturally sustaining pedagogy, as coined by H. Samy Alim and Django Paris and offer some pedagogical approaches for music teachers to consider in this column.
Analysis of size dependency on Love-type wave propagation in a functionally graded piezoelectric smart material
Authors: Sharma Vanita , Kumar Satish
Published: March 2020

This study investigates Love-type wave propagation in a layered structure consisting of a functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPEM) stratum followed by a semi-infinite couple-stress substrate exhibiting microstructural properties. Dispersion relations are obtained for electrically open and short conditions. Possible particular cases are discussed. The dispersion relation is reduced to the classical Love wave equation to validate the results. The influence of microstructural parameters, electromechanical coupling factor, thickness, functional gradedness and material parameters of the FGPEM stratum on the phase velocity of the Love-type wave has been scrutinized and illustrated graphically for electrically open and short conditions. The findings have meaningful practical application in the enhancement of efficiency and performance of sensors and transducers.
The impact of glossing and reading activity manipulation on learning of L2 lexico-grammatical and lexical items
Authors: Jung Jookyoung
Published: March 2020

The present study investigates the impact of glossing and reading activity manipulation on learning of target lexico-grammatical and lexical items. Eighty-eight Korean undergraduate students read either glossed or unglossed English texts. Each paragraph of the texts was split into two (less careful condition) or three to four subparts (more careful condition), and participants were asked to rearrange them into a coherent order and answer multiple-choice reading comprehension items. Glossing was conducted by providing Korean translations of target items, i.e. 15 English unaccusative verbs and 10 pseudowords. Learning was assessed with an untimed grammaticality judgment test and word form and meaning recognition tests. The results revealed that glossing affected word meaning recognition scores positively, but form recognition scores negatively. In addition, more careful reading facilitated learning of the target unaccusative verbs while having a negative influence on word meaning recognition scores. Neither glossing nor reading activity manipulation affected reading comprehension scores.
Reception of Political Parties by Robert Michels in Poland in an international context
Authors: Miński Radomir
Published: March 2020

In 2011, it has been a centenary since the best-known book by Robert Michels titled Zur Soziologie des Parteiwesens in der Demokratie modernen. Untersuchungen über die oligarchischen Tendenzen des Gruppenlebens was first published. This work, together with the formulation “the iron law of oligarchy,” is the most recognizable component of the scientific achievements of this German-Italian sociologist. In the second half of the twentieth century, Michels’s thesis about the contradiction between the organization and democracy had a significant impact on the development of the sociology. “The iron law of oligarchy” inspired many scholars from the United States, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy, where to present day Political Parties is regarded as the classic work in the field of sociology of politics. Unfortunately in Polish humanities, Michels has been played quite marginal part. Up until today, there has been no Polish translation of Michels’s main book. Nevertheless in Polish literature, there were a few publications dealing with Soziologie des Parteiwesens, which are worth mentioning.
Model-based statistical guided wave damage detection for an aluminum plate
Authors: Douglass Alexander CS , Harley Joel B
Published: March 2020

Accurate decision-making requires understanding the factors that influence those decisions. In guided wave structural health monitoring, the first aim is to detect the presence of damage. This decision is based on the assumption that it is possible to discriminate between undamaged and damaged states. Sensing systems collect data to construct damage statistics, that is, numerical representations of how the state of the structure has changed over time. These damage statistics are designed to be sensitive to damage signatures in the data. However, environmental and operating conditions, such as the presence of temperature variations, perturb damage statistics and weaken decision-making. Temperature compensation strategies applied to reduce these perturbations are imperfect. Qualifying the performance of a temperature compensation strategy to reduce or eliminate the effects of temperature is dependent on the resulting damage statistics. Quality temperature compensation strategies must be able to recover damage statistics and increase damage detection accuracy. This article establishes a framework for evaluating the performance of damage detection methods that use temperature compensation to reduce the effects of environmental and operating conditions. Here, the scale transform and the dynamic time warping method are examined for data with varying temperature and signal-to-noise ratios. Monte Carlo simulations are used to construct probability densities and perform statistical analysis on the resulting damage statistics.