bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Time Structures in Manufacturing Management by using Scheduling Software Lekin
Authors: Balog Michal , Dupláková Darina , Szilágyi Erik , Mindas Miroslav , Knapčíková Lucia
Published: October 2024

In each manufacturing plant it is one of the basic requirements to produce the largest quantity of products in the shortest time and at the lowest price. In performance of these requirements used are diverse modern methods, technologies and software which ensure the efficiency improvement of manufacturing, costs minimization, production time minimization etc. Presented article is focused on time structures optimization of real manufacturing process of engineering component by using scheduling software Lekin. It is based on theoretical scientific knowledge on which is afterwards found the optimal layout of the manufacturing process in practice. The optimal layout it created by construction and analysis of Gantt charts in scheduling software Lekin with minimum production time condition.
QAHEaaS or Quality Assurance in Higher Education as a Service
Authors: Hadzhikoleva Stanka , Hadzhikolev Emil
Published: October 2024

The rise of globalization has highlighted the issue of internationalization of quality assurance in education. The COMPASS-OK software application for (self) assessment and accreditation, developed at the Plovdiv University, maintains features for modeling of methods and procedures for quality assessment of education. Its successful application has raised the idea of extending it as a universal tool developed on the basis of cloud services – a tool which provides services to ensure the quality of education for educational institutions and accreditation agencies from around the world. This article offers a conceptual framework and discusses the advantages and benefits of such a development.
18th National Congress of Biochemistry & 9th International Congress of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Authors: Official Journal of Iranian Society of Biochemistry
Published: October 2024

This is an Abstracts Book.
The Prevalence of Smartphone Addiction and Its Associated Risk Factors among School Students of a Metropolitan City: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Qureshi Kamran , Qureshi Saniya , Chavhan Smita , Bishnoi Deepika
Published: October 2024

Background: Smartphone is a term used to distinguish cell phones with advanced features from basic feature phones. Smartphone addiction is a phenomenon that pertains to uncontrollability of smartphone use. The increasing use of smartphones and easy availability of smartphones to school children after Covid-19 Pandemic were the reasons for conducting this study.
Aims - To estimate the prevalence of smartphone addiction among school children and its associated risk factors
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on English middle-school students of Mumbai, involving students from secondary section i.e.,6th to 10thgrade. Data were collected by interview using a pre-structured questionnaire, and all the students were asked to fill out smartphone addiction questionnaire i.e. Smartphone Application Based Addiction Scale (SABA). Then, data were entered into Microsoft EXCEL and analysed using SPSS.
Results: The mean age of 275 participants, was 13.1, and the prevalence of smartphone addiction in the present study was 45.5%. Addiction was significantly associated with age (P value 0.000), gender (P value 0.004), self-owned phone (P value 0.03), duration of time spent on phone on weekdays(P value 0.000) and weekends (P value 0.000), having social media accounts(P value 0.000),and the time spent on social media (P value 0.042). On applying logistic regression, female gender and the time spent on social media were the major risk factors.
Conclusions: The risk factors associated with addiction are age, female gender; owning a smartphone, increased time spent on phones on weekdays and weekends, having social media accounts and excessive time spent on social media applications.
From Neuroscience to Psychiatry: The Role of Drug Repositioning
Authors: Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: October 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Efficacy Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases in Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Sookhtanloo Farzaneh , Salari Masoumeh , Khodashahi Rozita , Sahebari Maryam , Mirfeizi Zahra , Joghatayi Muhammed , Khodashahi Mandana
Published: October 2024

vaccination. However, since the majority of studies in the related literature are focused on the efficacy of messenger RNA in rheumatic patients, the present study aimed to assess the efficiency of the inactivated whole virus vaccines and viral vector COVID-19 vaccines in rheumatic diseases in Mashhad, Iran.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on ARDs patients who were referred to private clinics and rheumatologic clinics of Ghaem and Imam Reza Hospitals, Mashhad, Iran, during 2021-22. Anti-neutralizing antibodies have been considered to check antibodies of Sinopharm and Barkat vaccines, and an anti-spike antibody was considered to check Sputnik V and AstraZeneca vaccine antibodies. Humoral immunity was investigated using the anti-spike Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and anti-neutralizing antibodies.
Results: The obtained results showed that humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccination was observed in 73.9% of the patients with ARDs. However, humoral immunity was lower in ARDs patients who took tacrolimus and higher in patients with a history of COVID-19 infection (χ2=5.84, p=0.01). The infection after the second COVID-19 vaccination was lower in patients with humoral immunity (χ2=5.69, p=0.01).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a homologous second dose of an inactivated whole viral vector SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was safe and provided a remarkable antibody response in ARDs patients.
Validity, Reliability and Psychometric Properties of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire among Physically Active Young Adults
Authors: Khoshro Sahar , Jahangiry Leila , Dehghani Azadeh , Iravani Orod , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad , Shekarchi Babak
Published: October 2024

Background: Exercise Dependence (ED) is characterized by excessive and uncontrollable exercise behaviors leading to physiological and psychological symptoms. Valid assessment tools are crucial for identifying ED in understudied populations. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire (EDQ) among physically active young adults in Iran.
Methods: This psychometric validation study used a cross-sectional design with 200 participants aged 18-35 years (49% male, 51% female) recruited through clustered random sampling from sports clubs in Tabriz, Iran. The EDQ was administered between May-July, 2021. Validity was assessed through forward backward translation, content validity analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was evaluated using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and testretest (intraclass correlation, ICC) methods. Ceiling and floor effects, Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable change (SDC) were also determined.
Results: The EDQ demonstrated good content validity (CVI=0.88, CVR=0.73). EFA yielded a 7-factor model explaining 59.45% of variance. Key factors were withdrawal symptoms, exercise for health/social reasons, positive reward, interference with life, insight into problems, and stereotyped behavior. CFA showed moderate fit. Internal consistency was adequate overall (α=0.8) but lower for some subscales. The ICC confirmed good test-retest reliability (0.80, 95% CI 0.76-0.84). No ceiling and floor effects were detected. SEM and SDC were 0.52 and 1.03, respectively.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the Persian version of the EDQ is a valid and reliable scale for assessing ED.
Gender-Based Driving Behavior Patterns in the Context of Iran: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sohrabizadeh Sanaz , Dehghani Arezoo , Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud , Delpisheh Ali , Soori Hamid , Masoumi Gholamreza
Published: October 2024

Background: Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of deaths in all ages. Considering the fact that driving is a social context with different rules and behaviours, the present study was aimed to explore the patterns of gender-based driving behaviours focusing on women driving in the context of Iran. 
Methods: Through a conventional content analysis, overall, 30 participants with different social and educational levels were recruited. A purposeful sampling method was used in which 7 males and 23 females were included because of sample triangulation. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analysed through inductive content analysis.
Results: Overall, three main categories and 10 subcategories were extracted from the data including unsafe risky behaviours against female drivers (subcategories of scary behaviours, aggression and violence against female drivers, ignoring women and revenge-based behaviours), protective and friendly behaviours (helping and caring for women drivers, respecting women drivers, being patient for women driving subcategories) and specific driving behaviours of women (preventive and cautious behaviours, driving based on traffic rules and cultural characteristics subcategories).
Conclusion: Different patterns of driving behaviors focused on female drivers were found in the present research. Reducing the aggressive gender-based driving behaviors against female drivers and strengthening the protective behaviors for women can be achieved through establishing appropriate rules and public education. Further research is required to explore the process of gender-based driving behaviours, as well as identifying different consequences of such behaviours on communities.
The Effectiveness of an Intervention Based on the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills Model on Treatment Adherence and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Coronary Artery Diseases: An Explanatory Mixed Method Study
Authors: Khademian Zahra , Zahmatkeshan Nasrin , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Zarshenas Ladan
Published: October 2024

Background: Promoting adherence to treatment and self-efficacy in patients with coronary artery diseases helps to improve patient outcomes. The present study was conducted to explain the effectiveness of interventions based on information, motivation, and behavioral skills model on treatment adherence and self-efficacy in patients with coronary artery diseases.
Methods: This explanatory-sequential study was conducted on patients with coronary artery diseases in Shiraz, Iran. First, a quasi-experimental study was conducted on 112 patients who were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The intervention consisted of ten motivational training sessions that were designed based on Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills (IMBS) model and continued with six months of telephone follow-up and counseling. Data were collected before, three months, and six months after the end of the intervention. Then, in the second phase, a qualitative study including 20 in-depth interviews with 18 participants from the intervention group was conducted. The data were analyzed by deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis. Finally, quantitative findings were explained with the help of qualitative findings.
Results: The findings showed that the mean score of treatment adherence, medication adherence, and self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group 3 and 6 months after the intervention (p<0.001). The results of the qualitative phase of the study also showed that the four main categories include receiving targeted information, encouragement to care, gained self-efficacy/doubt in care, and improvement/non-improvement of treatment adherence behaviors can explain quantitative phase results.
Conclusion: The results showed that receiving training with effective methods, strengthening the support system, self-confidence and positive attitudes about care, and promoting self-management and proper management of emotional distress contributed to the effectiveness of the interventions. However, receiving conflicting information, limited financial resources, and the inability to face challenges were among the obstacles to strengthening self-efficacy and adherence to treatment.
Daily Versus Conventional Dialysis for COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yassari Fatemeh , Amini Hossein , Mirenayat Maryam Sadat , Hajibaratali Bahareh , Ghadimi Somayeh , Dalili Nooshin
Published: October 2024

Background: Hemodialysis patients have high mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 due to different causes, thus the current study evaluates the difference between the effect of conventional and daily hemodialysis on mortality in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This study was designed as a single-center, parallel, randomized and un-blinded clinical trial that chronic hemodialysis patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection enrolled. The study group was dialyzed daily for a week and the control group was on three sessions per week of dialysis. The primary outcome was estimation of mortality rate and secondary outcome was considered as ICU admission rate during hospitalization.
Results: A total of 47 patients with the diagnosis of ESRD were included. The mean age of the included patients was 57.1±14.2 years in daily hemodialysis and 58.8±17.4 years in the conventional hemodialysis, and 36(76.6%) were male. From the 47 included patients, 18(38.3%) were admitted to the ICU, and 12(25.5%) were deceased during their hospital stay. The prevalence of the two main outcomes of the study, ICU admission and mortality, was not different between the two groups of the study.
Conclusion: In this study, daily hemodialysis was beneficial in reducing mortality in COVID-19 infected patients, but this difference was not statistically significant. Studies with higher sample sizes may show this difference significantly.
The Effectiveness of Anemia Treatment with Injectable Iron within 48 to 72 Hours before Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery on Cardiac Function and Postoperative Outcome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jebelli Mohammad , Sadeghi Mostafa , Akbari Hesam
Published: October 2024

Background: Anemia is considered as one of the risk factors affecting the outcomes after cardiac surgery. Accordingly, the improvement of iron deficiency anemia through injection or oral may be associated with the improvement of post-procedure results, especially the improvement of cardiovascular function. This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of iron treatment shortly before surgery in reducing the need for blood transfusion and improving myocardial performance parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction) in coronary bypass surgery patients.
Methods: This study was a single-blind randomized clinical trial. In total, 60 candidates for coronary bypass surgery having iron deficiency anemia before the operation were randomly divided into two groups treated with injectable iron supplement (iron sucrose at a dose of 200 mg/200 ml of normal saline injected in 30 minutes) 48 to 72 hours before surgery or without therapeutic intervention. The patients were examined during and after the operation in terms of surgical outcomes.
Results: Treatment with injectable iron before surgery was associated with improvement in serum hemoglobin level after surgery and a significant reduction in the need for intraoperative and postoperative transfusions. Preoperative treatment of iron deficiency was associated with a reduction in the length of hospitalization of the patients after surgery.
Conclusion: Treatment of iron deficiency anemia within 48 to 72 hours before surgery will improve the condition of patients’ anemia and compensate serum hemoglobin, reduce the need for blood transfusion during surgery and the length of hospitalization of the patients after surgery.
Assessing Entrepreneurial Readiness in Teacher Education Graduates for Future Success
Authors: Sacramed Michael Tapec
Published: October 2024

Entrepreneurship education is increasingly recognized as essential for cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset among students. The College of Teacher Education (CTE) at Mariano Marcos State University (MMSU) has integrated the "Entrepreneurial Mind" subject into its curriculum to equip future educators with vital entrepreneurial skills. This study assesses the entrepreneurial competencies, attitudes, and intentions of MMSU-CTE graduates who completed this subject. This study evaluates key competencies such as opportunity recognition, innovation, risk management, and leadership, alongside graduates' perceptions of the subject's effectiveness. Data were collected from 150 graduates via a structured questionnaire online and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicate high proficiency in opportunity recognition, resource management, and innovation, but moderate levels in risk management and financial planning, suggesting areas for curricular enhancement. While 65% of graduates exhibit positive entrepreneurial attitudes, only 50% have strong intentions to start a business, highlighting the need for additional support mechanisms like mentorship and funding. Graduates reported significant improvements in entrepreneurial skills and confidence, validating the subject's integration. The study underscores the importance of entrepreneurship education in non-business disciplines and recommends curriculum enhancements, support mechanisms, broader implementation, and longitudinal research to optimize entrepreneurial readiness and drive innovation.
Research on The Trend of Vietnamese Women’s Participation in Online Religious Activities with The Rise of Social Media
Authors: Mai Thi Dung , Mai Ngoc Linh
Published: October 2024

In the context of globalization and social media, religions in Vietnam are undergoing significant transformation; this research focuses on examining the trends of Vietnamese Women’s Participation in Online religious activities. The collaboration between traditional religiosity and digital technologies has given rise to Online Religious Activities, enabling people to practice their beliefs in a new way. By applying desk research and sociological surveys, the aim is to examine the trend of Vietnamese Women’s engagement with religious content on social media. Results show that Vietnamese women prefer Facebook as the main platform; popular activities include watching and listening to sermons with a frequency of 1 to 3 times a week. Their main purpose is to strengthen religious knowledge. Based on these findings, the research group suggests three ways to assist Vietnamese religious organizations in adapting to digital development, maintaining harmony, and enhancing their status within the community. These solutions include (i) Solutions for managing Online religious practices, (ii) Solutions for organizing Online religious practices, and (iii) Solutions for the content of Online religious practices.
Afroteologia como palimpsesto histórico
Authors: Lopes José Lidemberg de Sousa , Silva Rafael de Lima
Published: October 2024

A história da religião tem sido ao longo dos séculos uma espécie de dispositivo que legitima uma estrutura colonialista. Tal estrutura é dependente de formas simbólicas, um constructo que habilita determinadas matrizes religiosas a cometerem uma gama de violências simbólicas. Nosso ensaio tem como principal objetivo (re)pensar tais estruturas, perpassando por uma análise crítica da história da Afroteologia em comparação com a religião cristã. Para isso, articulamos em pontos principais o que viria a ser a história, como diversas religiões se alinham oriundas de uma mesma matriz (ou raiz) e a similaridade entre os orixás, elohim bíblicos e os theói gregos.
Pelas veredas da memória
Authors: Galve Fernanda Rodrigues , Melo Rafael Passos de
Published: October 2024

A sociedade é direcionada por atos de linguagem e práticas discursivas. Diferentes formas de interlocução atingem a opinião pública, ascendendo compreensões, debates e consequente sensibilização acerca de pautas pertinentes. No que tange à política de memória sobre regimes ditatoriais latino-americanos, o investimento em estudos na área tem sido notável, sendo esses norteados pelo exame e observação mais aprofundada de escolhas éticas em meio às questões sensíveis e turbulentas da ditadura, identificadas nos arquivos do regime. Na contramão do avanço de uma extrema-direita que nos últimos anos tem reproduzido vestígios de um período de autoritarismo voraz, o presente artigo busca apresentar, sob uma breve análise, como o Brasil estruturou suas políticas de memória no percurso de redemocratização, trazendo paulatinamente aos estudiosos e cidadãos, o acesso à informação e ao direito à memória, oportunizados por meio de fundos documentais, que viabilizam a reflexão crítica sobre eventos traumáticos experimentados socialmente e as feridas, marcas e cicatrizes na memória por eles provocadas. Conjuntamente, foram relevantes para a construção das argumentações em destaque, os apontamentos de importantes teóricos como Seligmann-Silva (2008), Gomes (2014). Fico (2012) e Avelar (2003).
“Quando o bispo e o padre assumem essas causas do povo, estão agindo em nome de Jesus Cristo”
Authors: Sales Jean Rodrigues , Gomes Alexander de Souza , Alexandre Maria Lúcia Bezerra da Silva
Published: October 2024

O artigo tem como objetivo problematizar as reflexões de dom Adriano Hypólito sobre a Baixada Fluminense e a ditadura militar. O texto destaca um aspecto marcante e pouco estudado nas pesquisas sobre o período: a atuação de atores políticos nas periferias das grandes metrópoles. No caso específico, parte-se da intervenção de um bispo progressista da Igreja Católica, que atuou numa cidade pobre e marginalizada do estado do Rio de Janeiro, chegando, por isso, a ser sequestrado por setores militares em 1976.  Na primeira metade dos anos 1980, o bispo ocupou uma coluna semanal do jornal Correio da Lavoura, veículo centenário da cidade de Nova Iguaçu, onde analisava temas relativos à Igreja e à sociedade.  A hipótese central do texto é a de que as reflexões feitas por dom Adriano podem servir como estudo de caso para compreensão do pensamento e ação de setores progressistas tanto na Baixada Fluminense quanto em outros territórios periféricos brasileiros no período final do regime militar.
Enterreirando métodos e disciplinas
Authors: Medeiros Lucas Gomes de
Published: October 2024

O artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre os desafios associados ao lugar social do/a investigador/a praticante no âmbito das chamadas religiões afro-ameríndias além da possibilidade de entrecruzamento metodológico para o estudo dessas religiões. É sabido que a conexão entre etnografia e história oral já apresenta significativo respaldo em áreas de produção do conhecimento como a Sociologia e a Antropologia. O objetivo é pensar essa possibilidade de cruzo no campo da História refletindo sobre como metodologias não convencionais à disciplina podem ser úteis à produção historiográfica. As inquietações emergem mediante o contato com as religiões afro-ameríndias de Campina Grande-PB onde as investigações que resultaram nesses escritos são realizadas desde o ano de 2014.
Popularyzacja dziedzictwa historycznego i kulturowego Kijowsko-Peczerskiego Narodowego Rezerwatu Historyczno- -Kulturalnego (z doświadczenia realizacji programu „Muzealne rozrywki dla dzieci i dorosłych”)
Authors: Topylko Oleh
Published: October 2024

Autor artykułu odnosi się do dorobku pedagogiki muzealnej, podkreślając znaczenie interaktywnych form pracy. Odwołuje się do projektów edukacyjnych i kulturowych propagowanych w Kijowsko-Peczerskim Rezerwacie Historyczno- Kulturalnym oraz opisuje rozwiązania metodyczne proponowane w muzeum (m.in. quizy, gry kognitywne, inscenizacje, teatralne reprodukcje wydarzeń). Analizując wkład form interaktywnych w uatrakcyjnienie oferty muzealnej, autor dostrzega wiele zalet wykorzystania nowoczesnych metod w popularyzacji dziedzictwa historycznego i kulturowego.
Assessing the Physicochemical Characteristics: A Comparative Analysis of Various Drying Methods in Osmotic Treated Fruit Slices
Authors: Subramani Thirukkumar , Anjusree K.C. , Manalil Sudheesh
Published: October 2024

Background: Due to their high perishability, we cannot store fruits in their fresh form for long. The different drying techniques have affected the physical and nutritional qualities of the dried fruit pieces. Adoption of osmotic dehydration will help to protect and improve the quality characteristics of the final products. Methods: Selected fruit slices, viz., apple, pineapple, guava, mango and banana, were subjected to sugar osmosis (60°Bx for up to 48 hours), followed by drying in different drying methods, viz., open sun (ODT), solar tunnel (SDT) and hot air drying (CDT) and the physical and chemical characteristics of the end products were analysed. Result: The osmosis process improved the total soluble solids content, while CDT and SDT improved both the rehydration of the dried fruit slices and the percentage of weight loss. The desirable physical attributes of the dried products significantly varied among the different drying methods and within the fruit slices. The CDT-dried samples had better nutritional properties in terms of total phenol content and antioxidant activity than did the other drying methods and fresh samples, except for vitamin C content, which was greater in fresh fruit slices. The results recommended using CDT techniques in osmosis-treated fruit slices, which could improve fruit's physical and nutritional properties and be useful as good functional foods for a long time.
Investigating the Degree to Which Unstructured Socializing With Peers and Delinquency Are Nonlinear
Authors: Archer Robert J. L.
Published: October 2024

Since the formulation of Cohen and Felson’s (1979) routine activity theory (RAT), Osgood et al. (1996) established a reformulated theory to better explain patterns of situational offense and coined the RAT of general deviance or more commonly known as unstructured socializing with peers (USWP). The present study seeks to explore whether spending more time in USWP may increase antisocial behavior in a nonlinear manner, either accelerating or decelerating. Results showed that the relationship between USWP and property delinquency was found to be nonlinear in a decelerating manner. Similar results were found for the association between USWP and substance use. Finally, the relationship between USWP and violent delinquency was significant, although no evidence was found for nonlinearity. The present study concludes with theoretical implications, limitations, and directions for future research.
Application of Simulation Modeling in Ship Construction Processes
Authors: Sokolov Sergey , Antonova Alena
Published: October 2024

This article provides an example of the application of the method of simulation modeling of ship construction processes in AnyLogic software. The process is briefly described and the logistics of building a barge produced at shipyards is characterized, and a map of the production process is prepared. In conclusion, three possible modernization options were proposed, which consist in technological, organizational improvements and a variant combining both of these solutions. AnyLogic software was used for a comparative analysis of the proposed options in relation to the process in the basic version. This method allows you to obtain accurate data for making informed decisions without the need for physical tests. The use of simulation modeling is a key tool for optimizing shipbuilding processes and further development of the industry.
Escultores de sonhos, coaches de corpos
Authors: Pio Guilherme Nonato , Pio Leopoldo Guilherme
Published: October 2024

As normas e saberes da racionalidade neoliberal exercem efeitos significativos sobre os comportamentos e mentalidades dos indivíduos, seguindo uma perspectiva de vida social fundamentada na lógica de mercado e no ideal empresarial do sujeito. Entre os domínios afetados por esse paradigma encontra-se a área da saúde, que passa a ser influenciada pelo discurso da gestão e do aprimoramento individual. Este artigo propõe analisar os impactos da cultura neoliberal sobre as concepções de saúde e bem-estar, concentrando-se nos modos como textos, vídeos e imagens são produzidos em perfis do Instagram de profissionais especializados em transformação estética. Através da observação desses perfis, buscamos examinar os discursos relacionados às categorias de saúde, corpo, autocuidado e bem-estar, considerando sua relevância como recursos na gestão pessoal e no culto ao desempenho.
The role of endoscopic endonasal surgery in the management of sinonasal malignant tumors with skull base involvement
Authors: Tang Anthony , Adida Samuel , Choby Garret , Gardner Paul A.
Published: October 2024

Sinonasal malignant tumors (SNMTs) represent a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors. SNMTs often present late which can lead to complex, patient-specific treatment decisions. Over the last two decades, endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) has become a more frequently utilized surgical approach to removing these tumors. Increasingly, studies have compared the outcomes of this approach to traditional open approaches for different SNMTs. Differences in histology and extent of invasion impact the utility of EES. Negative margins are critical for improving survival; however, skull base involvement can add anatomical challenges for achieving negative margins during EES. This paper reviews the literature on outcomes of EES for SNMTs with skull base involvement and presents evidence supporting the utility of EES for select patients. EES is a safe and effective treatment in patients with less invasive SNMTs or less aggressive histology and can provide patients with fewer complications and morbidity than traditional open approaches. As such, it plays a key role in surgical management, providing either sole access or a critical avenue for SNMT removal. EES plays a key role in the multimodal oncological approach to the treatment of different SNMT histologies.
Navigating artificial intelligence in spine surgery: implementation and optimization across the care continuum
Authors: Fuleihan Antony A. , Menta Arjun K. , Azad Tej D. , Jiang Kelly , Weber-Levine Carly , Davida A. Daniel , Hersh Andrew M. , Theodore Nicholas
Published: October 2024

The field of spine surgery has long been characterized by innovations and technological advancements. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into spine surgery represents one of the latest technical developments in the field. The ability of AI to rapidly analyze datasets improves decision making, risk assessment, intraoperative precision, and postoperative management, all of which contribute to increasing personalized spine care and improving outcomes. However, the successful implementation of AI faces regulatory and privacy challenges that must be addressed before its full potential can be realized. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of the current applications and future prospects of AI in spine surgery, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges in this evolving field.
AI in plastic surgery: customizing care for each patient
Authors: Brenac Camille , Fazilat Alexander Z. , Fallah Mahsa , Kawamoto-Duran Danae , Sunwoo Parker S. , Longaker Michael T. , Wan Derrick C. , Guo Jason L.
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) involve the usage of complex algorithms to identify patterns, predict future outcomes, generate new data, and perform other tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI tools have been progressively adopted by multiple disciplines of surgery, enabling increasingly patient-specific care, as well as more precise surgical modeling and assessment. For instance, AI tools such as ChatGPT have been applied to enhance both patient educational materials and patient-surgeon communication. Additionally, AI tools have helped support pre- and postoperative assessment in a diverse set of procedures, including breast reconstructions, facial surgeries, hand surgeries, wound healing operations, and burn surgeries. Further, ML-supported 3D modeling has now been utilized for patient-specific surgical planning and may also be combined with 3D printing technologies to generate patient-customized, implantable constructs. Ultimately, the advent of AI and its intersection with surgical practice have demonstrated immense potential to transform patient care by making multiple facets of the surgical process more efficient, precise, and patient-specific.
Improving the pore properties of porous aromatic frameworks in two aspects via partition strategy
Authors: Lei Hengtao , Zhang Zhaofu , Zhai Yuhui , Han Xueyan , Song Jian , Li Yue , Tian Yuyang
Published: October 2024

Microporous solids are famous for their high surface area and pore size at the molecular scale, which are crucial for the applications of adsorption, separation and catalysis. An ideal porous solid would simultaneously have a high surface area and nanopores with the desired opening size. However, due to the uncontrollable reaction process of porous organic frameworks (POFs), the acquisition of such a solid is still technically limited. Herein, we reported a simple but platform-wide pore partition strategy to improve the porosity of porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) in two aspects. This strategy was achieved by introducing a partition unit with flexible linkage to segment the original voids of PAFs into multiple micropore domains. The obtained partitioning PAFs have 130%-217% increments in surface area due to the creation of extra accessible surfaces while the pores are segmented into smaller ones. Notably, the partitioning PAFs showed significantly increased adsorption capacity for CO2 due to their improved surface area. At the same time, the narrowed pore size allowed selective capture of dye molecules by their size differences. Similar to their parent PAFs, the partitioning PAFs retained their high stability in harsh environments. A simple and universal pore partition strategy will be an important step in improving PAF porosity to desired functions.
Aging and rejuvenation of engineered cardiovascular tissues: from research to clinical application
Authors: Liu Chang , Guo Jing , Zhang Yanan , Hu Meiyu , Hao Tian , Cretoiu Dragos , Li Guoping , Xiao Junjie
Published: October 2024

Aging is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, current methods and models of CVD do not include the factor of aging due to the use of premature cardiomyocytes. There is an urgent need for an engineered cardiovascular tissue (ECT) model that includes aging as the greatest CVD risk factor to facilitate drug development for aged CVD patients. Cell therapy, which transplants pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in patients, was proved to be effective for cardiac repair, while the cell retention rate is limited. Alternatively, implantation of ECT could enable long-term retention of cells after translation and may result in rejuvenation in aged hearts. This review summarizes the key features of aging and the influencing factors in engineered cardiovascular tissues. The applications and challenges of engineered myocardium designed for clinical use are also discussed.
Optimizing stress impedance and medium-range ordered structure in Fe46.6Mo8.6Cr24.5B9.5C10Si6 amorphous alloy through tailored annealing treatment
Authors: Gu Yao , Zhao Yiming , Ge Jiacheng , Fan Longlong , Zhang Sihan , Zhu He , Lan Si
Published: October 2024

Amorphous alloys are emerging as a highly promising category of materials for mechanical sensing, attributed to their favorable stress impedance performance. However, the practical achievement of the stress impedance ratio still falls considerably short of its theoretical potential, and the atomic-scale mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unexplored. Here, we report that the stress impedance ratio of Fe46.6Mo8.6Cr24.5B9.5C10Si6 amorphous alloy can be significantly enhanced by a tailored annealing treatment around the glass transition temperature (Tg ), giving rise to the highest stress impedance ratio reaching up to 124%. Utilizing the high-energy synchrotron X-ray total scattering technique, the strong correlation between the stress impedance performance and the medium-range ordered structure of amorphous alloys is elucidated. Our findings revealed that an increase in edge-sharing atomic connection mode plays a pivotal role in enhancing the stress impedance performance. Furthermore, a composite film combining the amorphous alloy with silicone rubber was fabricated under the same annealing treatment, demonstrating a significantly improved sensitivity compared to the ribbon (706.10 vs. 32.93 MPa-1). This work not only contributes valuable insights into the atomic-scale mechanisms governing stress impedance in amorphous alloys but also proposes a general annealing strategy that holds the potential for unlocking new avenues in advanced sensing applications.
Un enseignement hybride pour l’initiation des étudiants de licence à la prévention des risques professionnels
Authors: Karamanos Yannis , Berger Sylvie
Published: October 2024

Ce retour d’expérience présente la mise en œuvre d’un enseignement sur la prévention des risques professionnels pour les étudiants de deuxième année de licence de Sciences de la Vie. L’enseignement est multimodal (synchrone/asynchrone, présentiel/distanciel, individuel/collectif) et se base sur la réalisation de mini-projets qui sont menés en équipes de quatre étudiants, dans des groupes constitués de six équipes qui sont encadrées par un référent, membre de l’équipe pédagogique. Le tempo est donné par le contrat pédagogique et un diagramme de Gantt qui facilitent l’autoévaluation au fil de l’eau. L’évaluation de l’enseignement par les étudiants a permis de recueillir leurs perceptions sur la mise en œuvre du dispositif. Les étudiants fortement impliqués perçoivent mieux la valeur de cet enseignement et obtiennent de meilleurs résultats académiques que les autres étudiants. Ils mettent en majorité en avant la découverte de nombreux métiers et les dangers et risques associés ainsi que l’intérêt d’effectuer des recherches de documents pour alimenter leur réflexion. La qualité de leurs productions, écrites et orales, encourage l’équipe pédagogique à poursuivre la combinaison de la réalisation d’un projet et de l’hybridation pour faire des apprentissages.
The aroma of toasted oak wood (Quercus petraea): from sensory analysis to molecular characterisation
Authors: Courregelongue Marie , Pons Alexandre
Published: October 2024

The chemical complexity of the aroma compounds developed by oak wood during the toasting process is known to contribute to the quality of wines and spirits after barrel ageing. Molecular characterisation of toasted oak wood has increased steadily in recent years, using the traditional olfactory-guided approach by gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry and mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS); however, few studies have focused on its sensory characterisation. In this study, a sensory characterisation of oak wood (Quercus petraea) was first carried out during toasting in order to identify any descriptors that had not yet been characterised from a molecular point of view. Thus, in the second part of this work, we were able to identify volatile compounds associated with the aroma of toasted oak wood.Based on previous work in oenology, the sensory characterisation of oak wood was carried out in three stages: identification, structuring and description of a sensory space. Data processing of the 215 descriptors generated by the panel of experts revealed six descriptors specific to the aroma of oak wood throughout its toasting (i.e., fresh wood, fresh green, sweet, roasted, spicy and smoky). The results were represented graphically in the form of an aroma wheel, which was used to highlight the descriptors that had not yet been characterised from a molecular point of view. Thus, two volatile compounds were identified: thymoquinone (pencil and cedar odour) and verbenone (fresh, menthol and tealeaf odour). Their evolution in oak wood during toasting and their distribution in different wood species used in oenology (sessile oak, pedunculate oak, American oak, Caucasian oak, acacia and chestnut) were studied. Their sensory impact was studied by assessing their olfactory detection threshold in a model wine solution. The thresholds were evaluated at 49 ng/L for thymoquinone and 193 µg/L for verbenone.
Analysis of social engineering prevention socialization patterns through websites and Twitter
Authors: Putri Rahmadani Ningtyas Sekar , Hendi Hendi Yogi Prabowo
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to identify social engineering prevention socialization patterns through website and twitter by six major banks in Indonesia. This qualitative research utilized archival research method and documentary secondary data, namely using the bank's website and twitter media. This qualitative research uses content analysis and data was processed using NVivo 12 software. The results showed that the socialization of social engineering prevention provided by six banks in Indonesia through the website and twitter media contained information about the characteristics of social engineering, bank contact service facilities, and steps to prevent social engineering. Optimization of socialization through the website and twitter could be done by creating content that contains complete and up-to-date information about the characteristics of social engineering, contact service facilities, and preventive measures that could be visualized in the form of videos or attractively designed poster images.
The Models of Primary Particles
Authors: Fu Lan
Published: October 2024

If we assume that: a. The four fundamental forces of nature are independent waves without rest mass, and their speeds are constant in a vacuum, just like light. b. Light or electromagnetic waves and gravity are comparable in structure. The weak and strong interials are similar in structure. c. Light and the weak interaction have the same speed cL with spin number +1 or -1. d. Gravity and the strong interaction have the same speed cG without spin. e. The primary particles, namely electrons (or positrons), electron neutrinos, and dark neutrinos in this paper, are made of the above four waves. We can find and describe some fundamental characteristics of the primary particles (e.g., their sizes, energies, and interactions) and introduce new attractive results from them (e.g., the source of the Pauli exclusion principle, the solution of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox, and cG slightly faster than cL).
Harnessing Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Rational Medication Use in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Authors: Ahmed Rashed
Published: October 2024

Tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) has emerged as a critical analytical tool in pharmaceutical sciences, playing a pivotal role in ensuring the rational use of medications. This article explores the applications of TMS across various stages of drug development, quality assurance, and patient care, highlighting its precision and reliability in advancing therapeutic efficacy. TMS facilitates the accurate identification and quantification of drug compounds, ensuring that pharmaceutical products meet high standards of purity and potency. By detecting even trace levels of impurities or contaminants, TMS strengthens the quality control processes critical to patient safety. In the realm of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, TMS enables detailed monitoring of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), allowing for a better understanding of drug behavior in the human body. It is also instrumental in therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), ensuring that medication levels remain within therapeutic windows, thus optimizing dosing regimens and minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, TMS supports personalized medicine approaches by assessing drug interactions and tailoring treatments to individual patients. Through its application in drug discovery, development, and therapeutic monitoring, TMS serves as an indispensable tool for fostering rational medication use, contributing to more effective, safe, and personalized pharmaceutical care.
How Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies are Redefining Immunity to Influenza
Authors: Thompson Craig , Steventon Rebecca , Stolle Lucas
Published: October 2024

Recent avian influenza outbreaks have heightened global concern over viral threats with the potential to significantly impact human health. Influenza is particularly alarming due to its history of causing pandemics and zoonotic reservoirs. In response, significant progress has been made toward the development of universal influenza vaccines, largely driven by the discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). bnAbs have the potential to neutralize a broad range of influenza viruses, extending beyond the traditional strain-specific response. This could lead to longer-lasting immunity, reducing the need for seasonal vaccinations, and improve preparedness for future pandemics. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of these antibodies, their application in clinical studies, and both their potential and possible shortcomings in managing future influenza outbreaks.
A Case of B-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Presenting with an Isolated Epidural Mass Treated Successfully with Radiotherapy Followed by UKALL Chemotherapy Protocol
Authors: Alzahrani Musa
Published: October 2024

B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LBL) is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that usually involves lymph nodes, skin and soft tissue. Bone marrow and peripheral blood are normally spared from involvement by the disease. B-LBL typically forms sold masses that have similar pathologic and immunophenotypic features of the liquid counterpart, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Presentation of B-LBL with a solitary epidural mass at the cervical spine is very rare and the optimal treatment of such cases is unknown. Most of the literature on management of B-LBL comes from small case series, pediatric patients, or as part of retrospective data that combine B-LBL with B-ALL cases.
The case presented herein, showed a unique presentation that was then treated with three modalities, namely, surgical resection, radiotherapy, and consolidation with systemic chemotherapy adopted from United Kingdom acute lymphoblastic leukemia (UKALL) protocol.
The patient attained a complete response following the planned treatment and is still in remission five years from the time of his initial diagnosis.
Literature Review of the Contribution of Remote Sensing Exposures to Asthma, Other Respiration Specific Outcomes, and Risk Factors in Greenness, Air Pollution, and Wildfire Ecologic Settings
Authors: Braggio .John T.
Published: October 2024

Numerous Epidemiologic studies have used remote sensing to quantify the contribution of greenness, air pollution, and wildfire smoke to asthma and other respiration outcomes. This is the first review paper to evaluate the influence of remote sensing exposures to specific outcome severity and risk factors in different ecologic settings. Literature searches utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar identified 61 unique studies published between 2009-2023, with 198 specific outcomes. Respiration specific outcomes were lower in greenness, and higher in air pollution, and in wildfire ecologic settings. Aerosol optical depth (AOD)-PM2.5 readings and specific outcomes were higher in economically developing than in economically developed countries. Prospective studies found prenatal and infant exposure to higher ambient AOD-PM2.5 concentration level readings contributed to higher childhood asthma incidence. Lung function was higher in greenness, and lower in the other two ecologic settings. Age, environment, gender, other, and total risk factors showed significant differences between health outcomes and ecologic settings. Published studies utilized physiologic mechanisms of immune, inflammation, and oxidative stress to describe obtained results. Individual and total physiologic mechanisms differed between ecologic settings. Study results were used to develop a descriptive physiologic asthma model and then use it to propose updated population-based asthma intervention program guidelines.