bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient dynamics of corn fed to livestock in conservation-based agroecosystems in neotropical savannas
Authors: Ramírez-Iglesias Elizabeth , Hernández-Hernandez Rosa Mary , Rubén Iglesias José
Published: March 2021

Mineral deficiencies in soil-plant-animal relations are linked to chemical properties and reproductive problems in grazing animals. The objective of this study was to determine the dynamics of K, Ca, and Mg in the green leaf biomass of two types of introduced forages, Brachiaria dyctioneura (Bd) and Centrosema macrocarpum (Cm), compared to the natural vegetation of the neotropical savannah (NS) in an agricultural ecosystem. The three types of vegetation, associated with the corn crop, served as livestock feed during the dry season. The soil’s nutrient content (0-15 cm depth), the production and nutritional dynamics of green leaf biomass, and leaf/stem relationships in the fields during the grazing period were determined. In the corn crop-livestock agroecosystem, K decreased (%) in concentration as the grazing period progressed, presenting the following trend: Bd>Cm>NS. The dynamics of Ca and Mg in green leaf biomass increased slightly (p<0.05) by the end of the grazing period for Bd and Cm, in contrast to a significant decrease in the natural vegetation of the savannah. The concentration of K in the soil did not reveal significant differences between ground cover and NS plants, and the soils under Cm evidenced the highest percentage of Ca. A higher percentage of Mg was observed in the soil planted with Cm. For the three types of vegetation, an improvement was observed in the nutritional quality of the forage and soil and in the yield (kg/ha). These findings are valuable contributions within the context of production in savannas and to forage quality for livestock.
Del viajero al turista hiperconectado
Authors: Manibardo Beltrán Almudena , Fernández Vicente Antonio , Peruzzi Gaia
Published: March 2021

El artículo trata de aclarar la contraposición de la figura del turista contemporáneo frente a la del viajero romántico. A partir de un cuadro conceptual teórico, se trata de forjar un aparato crítico para problematizar la influencia de las tecnologías de la hiperconexión en el viaje actual como una de las industrias culturales. Será, pues, conforme a categorías tales como lo imprevisto, el viaje como transformación y la autenticidad como el texto se aproxime a una crítica del turista hiperconectado, en especial a través del smartphone, a partir de los ideales de viajero que se remontan al Grand Tour.
La gestion de la tension paradoxale de la coopétition au sein des communautés de pratique en contexte d’innovation
Authors: Castro Gonçalves Luciana , Guimarães Tatiane Barleto Canizela
Published: March 2021

L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment une communauté de pratique inter-organisationnelle (CoPi) gère l’effet paradoxal entre collaboration et compétition. La littérature souligne le potentiel de leur logique pour le développement de l’innovation collaborative mais ne prend pas en compte l’effet de la concurrence entre ses membres. L’analyse d’une CoPi d’entrepreneurs de startups innovantes au Brésil montre l’adaptation des régulations internes lors de l’intégration de nouveaux membres. Des modes de régulations indirectes et externes s’expriment également au sein de la CoPi. De par la complémentarité de ces modes de régulation, la CoPi est considérée comme facilitatrice de relations de coopétition communautaires.
“Clicks & Tweets” in Continuing Professional Development (CPD)? – A Cross-Cultural Comparison of ICT Usage
Authors: Lichy Jessica , Merle Karine
Published: March 2021

This study draws from concepts of socio-technical interaction to examine cross-cultural perceptions and usage of information and communication technologies (ICT). Set in the context of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) specialising in business skills, data were collected at two separate intervals in France and the UK, to observe the adoption of innovation over time in each cultural setting. The findings reflect ICT evolution and convergence, evidencing how users perceive and interact with ICT with different intensity and for different motives. Managerial implications were developed in response to the way in which ICT is shaped by the professional context in each country.
The Metropolis and Nose Life. Sensory Memories, Odors and Emotions
Authors: Ramos Olga Sabido
Published: March 2021

Following Simmel's legacy, the present paper shows how ‘sensory memories’ and emotions are related to the meanings attributed to the smells of human and non-human entities in the metropolis. Based on the findings of a larger research project on urban youth in Mexico City, the article emphasizes how even though the smell is one of the most undervalued senses; it has a significant presence, not only unpleasant but also pleasant memories. In other words, these findings show how ‘sensory memory’ permits a ‘somatic work’ (Vannini et al. 2012) on the sensations and emotions that have persisted in our sensitive bodies, in which smell is not necessarily a “dissociating sense” as Simmel believed, even in the metropolis.
Le rôle de la socialisation familiale dans les choix d’études supérieures des jeunes issus de l’immigration
Authors: Magnan Marie-Odile , Pilote Annie , Grenier Véronique , Kamanzi Pierre Canisius
Published: March 2021

Des études révèlent que les jeunes originaires de l’Afrique noire, des Caraïbes et de l’Amérique centrale et du Sud ont des taux de décrochage élevés à l’université comparativement à leurs pairs d’origine européenne, anglo-saxonne et asiatique. Cette recherche qualitative tente de mieux comprendre les parcours de ces jeunes en creusant le rôle de la socialisation familiale sur les choix d’orientation postsecondaire. L’analyse révèle que les jeunes issus de l’Afrique noire, des Caraïbes et de l’Amérique centrale et du Sud se construisent davantage dans une configuration parentale qui privilégie l’autonomie des jeunes. Ces résultats permettent de suggérer quelques pistes au personnel scolaire en vue d’accroître leur persévérance.
Intégration socioprofessionnelle, apprentissage et pratiques de l’écrit de jeunes mères de Ma place au soleil : contributions du non-scolaire
Authors: Mercier Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2021

Au Québec, l’intégration sociale et professionnelle des jeunes mères est une préoccupation sociale. Ma place au soleil (MPAS) est une mesure étatique de soutien à la formation de ces femmes. Cette mesure est vue comme un moyen de favoriser l’intégration durable au marché du travail, l’amélioration des conditions de vie, l’autonomie et la participation sociale. La présente étude s’intéresse aux contributions d’organismes non scolaires dans le contexte scolaire du cours d’intégration socioprofessionnelle auquel de jeunes mères de MPAS participent. Ces contributions sont analysées aux niveaux médiostructurel et microstructurel de l’apprentissage tout au long de la vie et du point de vue des pratiques sociales de l’écrit. Les résultats sont issus d’une analyse secondaire de données tirées d’une étude de cas ethnographiques conduite auprès d’un groupe de jeunes mères (n=31) participant à MPAS. Dans les ateliers thématiques donnés par les organismes non scolaires, les discussions en groupe et l’écrit créent un environnement d’apprentissage dans lequel les jeunes mères peuvent exprimer leurs préoccupations, mutualiser leurs solutions et réfléchir à leurs expériences, sans compter que cet environnement les incite à mobiliser l’écrit dans la réalisation du travail domestique.
Jeunesse militante et radicalisation de l’engagement politique. Émotions et contestation étudiante au Chili
Authors: Montoni Rios Angelo
Published: March 2021

Partant d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée durant le processus de contestation étudiante des années 2011 et 2012 à Santiago du Chili, cet article invite à s’interroger sur le rôle des émotions dans l’engagement et la radicalisation politique des jeunes issus de quartiers populaires. L’argument proposé indique que le passage vers des actions à risque dans un parcours d’engagement militant se trouve étroitement lié aux dynamiques émotionnelles qui se présentent chez chaque acteur. Nous souhaitons donc comprendre comment se construit et s’organise cette dynamique émotionnelle, la manière dont elle se déploie, disparaît ou se transforme au cours d’un processus de contestation.
Tiltu specifikācijas. Tiltu būvprojektu specifikāciju standartizēti teksti. Rokasgrāmata
Authors:   VSIA «Latvijas Valsts ceļi»
Published: March 2021

«Tiltu specifikācijas 2020» izstrādātas, pilnveidojot un atjauninot «Tiltu specifikācijas 2005». Tiltu specifikācijas nodrošina specifikāciju atbilstību eirokodeksiem un Eiropas standartiem, tās ietver prasības tiltu būvmateriālu kvalitātei, būvdarbu izpildei un darbu kvalitātes novērtēšanai. «Tiltu specifikācijas 2020» ietver prasības tiltu uzturēšanas, atjaunošanas, pārbūves un būvniecības darbu veikšanai. Tiltu specifikācijas ir paredzēts izmantot darbos, ko veic gan pēc VSIA «Latvijas Valsts ceļi», gan pašvaldību pasūtījuma.
Altai National Dance Theater “Altam” as a laboratory of practical implementation of the results of research work on studying traditional culture of the Altai people
Authors: Shinzhina Aiana Ivanovna
Published: March 2021

The subject of this research is the analysis of choreographic art of the Altai Republic in the context of reconstruction of the concepts of traditional culture of the Altai people on the example of the State National Dance Theater “Altam”. Relevance of the selected topic lies in the fact that Altai dance is studied virtually for the first time. The article reviews the traditional culture of the Altai people, namely dance culture. The goal is to examine Altai dance as an independent form of choreographic art in reconstruction of the artistic stage imagery. The theoretical and practical significance consists in proving the relevance of analysis of the activity of the Altai Dance Theater “Altam” as a laboratory of practical implementation of the results of research work on studying traditional culture of the Altai people. The acquired results on the development of choreographic art in the Altai Republic give a better perspective on the artistic-imagery structure of stage performance. The methodological framework is based on the art, historical, and comparative methods that allows clarifying the specificity of development of the Altai folk choreography in the context of ethnic theatrical art, as well as revealing the peculiarities of such organics in creating the artistic-imagery structure of stage performance. Scientific novelty lies in the attempt to generalize and analyze the sources for studying the Altai dance. The author traces the evolution of the national choreographic art, beginning with the folklore origins. The article introduces into the scientific discourse the factual material, such as examination of dance elements in petroglyphs, folk epic tales, folklore, cultural rites, folk games and songs. The author observes the transformation of the indicated range of sources in various genres of national choreography. The analysis of ethnic creativity of the Altai National Dance Theater “Altam” demonstrates that for many years Altai dance integrates the typical for Altai people motions, poses, gestures, substantiated by ethno-genetic identification. The article directly connects the traditional Altai dance and formation of the Altai folk stage dance for the purpose of establishment and development of the professional choreographic art of the Altai people.
Dosing Activity and Return to Preulcer Function in Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcer Remission
Authors: Fernando Malindu E. , Woelfel Stephanie L. , Perry Diana , Najafi Bijan , Khan Tanzim , DuBourdieu Charles , Shin Laura , Armstrong David G.
Published: March 2021

Diabetes-related foot ulcers are a leading cause of global morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs. People with a history of foot ulcers have a diminished quality of life attributed to limited walking and mobility. One of the largest concerns is ulceration recurrence. Approximately 40% of patients with ulcerations will have a recurrent ulcer in the year after healing, and most occur in the first 3 months after wound healing. Hence, this period after ulceration is called “remission” due to this risk of reulceration. Promoting and fostering mobility is an integral part of everyday life and is important for maintaining good physical health and health-related quality of life for all people living with diabetes. In this short perspective, we provide recommendations on how to safely increase walking activity and facilitate appropriate off-loading and monitoring in people with a recently healed foot ulcer, foot reconstruction, or partial foot amputation. Interventions include monitored activity training, dosed out in steadily increasing increments and coupled with daily skin temperature monitoring, which can identify dangerous “hotspots” prone to recurrence. By understanding areas at risk, patients are empowered to maximize ulcer-free days and to enable an improved quality of life. This perspective outlines a unified strategy to treat patients in the remission period after ulceration and aims to provide clinicians with appropriate patient recommendations based on best available evidence and expert opinion to educate their patients to ensure a safe transition to footwear and return to activity.
3DeeCellTracker, a deep learning-based pipeline for segmenting and tracking cells in 3D time lapse images
Authors: Wen Chentao , Miura Takuya , Voleti Venkatakaushik , Yamaguchi Kazushi , Tsutsumi Motosuke , Yamamoto Kei , Otomo Kohei , Fujie Yukako , Teramoto Takayuki , Ishihara Takeshi , Aoki Kazuhiro , Nemoto Tomomi , Hillman Elizabeth MC , Kimura Koutarou D
Published: March 2021

Despite recent improvements in microscope technologies, segmenting and tracking cells in three-dimensional time-lapse images (3D + T images) to extract their dynamic positions and activities remains a considerable bottleneck in the field. We developed a deep learning-based software pipeline, 3DeeCellTracker, by integrating multiple existing and new techniques including deep learning for tracking. With only one volume of training data, one initial correction, and a few parameter changes, 3DeeCellTracker successfully segmented and tracked ~100 cells in both semi-immobilized and ‘straightened’ freely moving worm's brain, in a naturally beating zebrafish heart, and ~1000 cells in a 3D cultured tumor spheroid. While these datasets were imaged with highly divergent optical systems, our method tracked 90–100% of the cells in most cases, which is comparable or superior to previous results. These results suggest that 3DeeCellTracker could pave the way for revealing dynamic cell activities in image datasets that have been difficult to analyze.
A common 1.6 mb Y-chromosomal inversion predisposes to subsequent deletions and severe spermatogenic failure in humans
Authors: Hallast Pille , Kibena Laura , Punab Margus , Arciero Elena , Rootsi Siiri , Grigorova Marina , Flores Rodrigo , Jobling Mark A , Poolamets Olev , Pomm Kristjan , Korrovits Paul , Rull Kristiina , Xue Yali , Tyler-Smith Chris , Laan Maris
Published: March 2021

Male infertility is a prevalent condition, affecting 5–10% of men. So far, few genetic factors have been described as contributors to spermatogenic failure. Here, we report the first re-sequencing study of the Y-chromosomal Azoospermia Factor c (AZFc) region, combined with gene dosage analysis of the multicopy DAZ, BPY2, and CDYgenes and Y-haplogroup determination. In analysing 2324 Estonian men, we uncovered a novel structural variant as a high-penetrance risk factor for male infertility. The Y lineage R1a1-M458, reported at >20% frequency in several European populations, carries a fixed ~1.6 Mb r2/r3 inversion, destabilizing the AZFc region and predisposing to large recurrent microdeletions. Such complex rearrangements were significantly enriched among severe oligozoospermia cases. The carrier vs non-carrier risk for spermatogenic failure was increased 8.6-fold (p=6.0×10−4). This finding contributes to improved molecular diagnostics and clinical management of infertility. Carrier identification at young age will facilitate timely counselling and reproductive decision-making.
Pre-complexation of talin and vinculin without tension is required for efficient nascent adhesion maturation
Authors: Han Sangyoon J , Azarova Evgenia V , Whitewood Austin J , Bachir Alexia , Guttierrez Edgar , Groisman Alex , Horwitz Alan R , Goult Benjamin T , Dean Kevin M , Danuser Gaudenz
Published: March 2021

Talin and vinculin are mechanosensitive proteins that are recruited early to integrin-based nascent adhesions (NAs). In two epithelial cell systems with well-delineated NA formation, we find these molecules concurrently recruited to the subclass of NAs maturing to focal adhesions. After the initial recruitment under minimal load, vinculin accumulates in maturing NAs at a ~ fivefold higher rate than in non-maturing NAs, and is accompanied by a faster traction force increase. We identify the R8 domain in talin, which exposes a vinculin-binding-site (VBS) in the absence of load, as required for NA maturation. Disruption of R8 domain function reduces load-free vinculin binding to talin, and reduces the rate of additional vinculin recruitment. Taken together, these data show that the concurrent recruitment of talin and vinculin prior to mechanical engagement with integrins is essential for the traction-mediated unfolding of talin, exposure of additional VBSs, further recruitment of vinculin, and ultimately, NA maturation.
Stimulus–response complexity influences task-set inhibition in task switching
Authors: Zhao Li , Hu Saisai , Xia Yingying , Li Jinyu , Zhao Jingjing , Li Ya , Wang Yonghui
Published: March 2021

Previous studies have found that inhibiting a task set plays an important role in task switching. However, the impact of stimulus–response (S–R) complexity on this inhibition processing has not been explored. In this study, we applied the backward inhibition paradigm (switching between tasks A, B, and C, presented in sets of three) in order to investigate inhibition performance under different S–R complexities caused by corresponding S–R mappings. The results showed that the difficult condition resulted in a greater switch cost than the moderate and easy conditions. Furthermore, we found a significant n−2 repetition cost under the easy S–R complexity that was reversed under the difficult S–R complexity. To verify stability of the reversed n−2 repetition cost in the difficult condition, we recruited another independent sample to conduct an additional experiment with the difficult condition. These results replicated the reversed n−2 repetition cost. These findings suggest that S–R complexity affects task-set inhibition in task switching because the effect of the task-set inhibition was insignificant when the S–R complexity increased; it was only significant under the easy condition. This result was caused by the different cognitive resource assignments.
CONTROLE DE SOJA VOLUNTÁRIA COM HERBICIDAS REGISTRADOS PARA ALGODOEIRO
Authors: Takahashi Giovana Oliveira , Braz Guilherme Braga Pereira , Machado Fellipe Goulart , Barroso Alberto Leão de Lemos , Solino Antônio Jussiê Da Silva
Published: March 2021

Em parte da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil o algodoeiro tem sido cultivado em segundasafra, semeado após a colheita de soja. Nestas áreas, tem sido comum a ocorrência deplantas voluntárias de soja interferindo no desenvolvimento do algodoeiro. Neste sentido, oobjetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência noalgodoeiro para o controle de soja voluntária contendo diferentes transgenias. Doisexperimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, utilizando um cultivar de soja comtecnologia Liberty Link® (LL®), que confere tolerância ao glufosinate, e no outro cultivarRoundup Ready® (RR®), que possui tolerância ao glyphosate. Em ambos os experimentosfoi utilizado o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 7 x 2, com 4repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído por herbicidas registrados para o algodoeiro:2,4-D, dicamba, glyphosate, pyrithiobac, trifloxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, além de umatestemunha sem aplicação; enquanto que o segundo fator consistiu da associação ou nãocom o glufosinate. Para aferir o desempenho dos tratamentos herbicidas, foram realizadasavaliações de porcentagem de controle, altura e massa seca de parte aérea das plantas desoja. Para soja voluntária LL®, dicamba e glyphosate isolados, além da associação deglufosinate com dicamba, 2,4-D ou glyphosate, consistiram nos tratamentos com maioreficácia, proporcionando níveis de controle acima de 80,0%. Para a soja RR®, dicamba,trifloxysulfuron e 2,4-D isolados apresentaram eficácia no controle das plantas voluntárias,visualizando-se incrementos nos níveis de controle quando se procedeu a adição deglufosinate à calda de aplicação destes herbicidas.
Prevalence, Severity and Determinants of Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pal Shilpa , Sharma Anita , Modi Sagar
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are at higher risk to develop depression. Depression in turn adversely affects glycaemic control and increases the risk of diabetes-related complications and mortality. There is a large variation among Indian studies on prevalence of depression in T2DM and associated risk factors. Aim: To assess the prevalence, severity, and determinants of depression among patients with T2DM. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at a Tertiary Care Hospital during February 2018-February 2019, in North-Indian state of Uttarakhand. Study subjects were patients with T2DM, age >18 years. Based on exclusion and inclusion criterias, a total sample of 290 patients were studied. Presence of depression was assessed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) was used to estimate the severity of depression. Unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables between subjects with and without depression. Chi-Square test was used to analyse categorical data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between likelihood of depression and predictor variables. Results: Among 290 (155 males and 135 females, mean age of all subjects 58.2±11.08 years) study subjects with T2DM, 64 (22.1%) were found to have depression using DSM-5 criteria. Out of these 64 patients with depression, 46 were detected to have mild depression, 14 moderate depression and 4 severe depression using HAM-D scale. Subjects with T2DM and depression had: higher proportion of females (62.5% vs. 42.0%; p-value 0.004); lower literacy level (53.1% vs. 67.3%; p-value 0.037); higher frequency of diabetic retinopathy (85.9% vs. 62.8%; p-value <0.001) and diabetic kidney disease (43.8% vs. 27.4%; p-value 0.013); higher Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) (217.7±94.62 vs. 190.0±76.45 mg/dL; p-value 0.040); and lower haemoglobin (10.8±2.49 vs. 11.7±2.37 gm/dL; p-value 0.010) compared to the subjects without depression. On binary logistic regression analysis, female gender (OR 2.457, 95% CI 1.368-4.413, p-value 0.003) and diabetic retinopathy (OR 3.842, 95% CI 1.788-8.255, p-value 0.001) remained significantly associated with likelihood of depression. Conclusion: Depression was present in one-fifth of the study subjects with T2DM. Majority of them had mild depression. Female gender and diabetic retinopathy were associated with increased likelihood of depression.
Effects of Oral N-Acetylcysteine on the Haemato-Biochemical and Histopathological Changes on the Liver of Albino Rats
Authors: Dass Ervilla
Published: March 2021

Introduction: N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a direct precursor in the synthesis of intracellular Glutathione (GSH). NAC protects the liver by restoring the GSH levels or by acting as an alternate substrate for conjugation and hence, detoxification of the reactive metabolite of hepatotoxic drug. Aim: To evaluate the effects of oral NAC on the haemato-biochemical and histopathological changes on the liver of albino rats. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in animal house located at Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Piparia. The healthy albino rats of either sex weighing 150-400 gm body weight were grouped into two for the experimental study and were housed in animal house for duration of 24 hours. Before initiation of any procedures; after overnight fasting; the albino rats belonging to Group I Control Group (n=6) were administered distilled water 10 mL/kg orally; Group II NAC treated (n=6) were administered NAC 450 mg/kg as a single oral dose. Blood samples were collected after 24 hours of treatment, to evaluate the effect of NAC on the haemato-biochemical and histopathological changes on the liver. All results were expressed as Mean±SEM. Results: NAC as a single oral dose of 450 mg/kg does not caused statistically significant changes in the serum enzymes levels. Moreover, histopathology showed normal appearance of the liver was similar to that of the control treated rats, with no change in the texture and liver tissue showed normal morphology. Conclusion: NAC as a single oral dose of 450 mg/kg body weight has no toxic effect on the liver in albino rats.
CONDIÇÕES DE PRODUÇÃO NA ESCRITA COLETIVA DE TEXTOS: UMA ANALISE DA MEDIAÇÃO DOCENTE
Authors: Leal Telma Ferraz , Brandão Ana Carolina Perrusi , De Albuquerque Rielda Karyna
Published: March 2021

A partir de uma perspectiva sociointeracionista de ensino e aprendizagem, discutimos a mediação de duas professoras do 1° ano do Ensino Fundamental durante a escrita coletiva de textos. Foram analisadas as contribuições das docentes para a construção pelas crianças de uma base de orientação para a escrita de duas reportagens, produzidas no transcurso de uma sequência didática que foi videogravada. Algumas estratégias para ensinar as crianças a planejar textos, construindo representações sobre suas finalidades, destinatários e contexto de circulação estavam presentes nas práticas observadas, assim como atividades de geração de conteúdos para a escrita. Entretanto, a discussão com as crianças era rápida e superficial, contribuindo pouco para a construção de uma base de orientação mais clara e consistente para as produções escritas.
REFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO: ANÁLISE DOS LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES NA DIREÇÃO DA UNIVERSALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Mendonça Júnior José Aparecido Valério , Fhon Jack Roberto Silva , Cassin Marcos
Published: March 2021

O texto apresenta uma análise da Medida Provisória 746/2016, instituída no ano de 2016, para mais uma reorganização do Ensino Médio. O discurso que acompanha tal reforma promete dar a esta etapa da Educação Básica flexibilidade para acolher o maior número possível de estudantes, garantindo-lhes opções para conduzir, conforme suas habilidades, seus estudos. Após a instituição desta medida, diversas discussões se iniciaram, trazendo à tona as controvérsias observadas na proposta do Governo Federal para os novos rumos do Ensino Médio no Brasil. Por isso, aparenta haver neste cenário uma dicotomia entre o discurso das intenções governamentais para a educação, neste caso, o Ensino Médio, e as ações práticas que vêm tomando no seu ínterim.
REFLEXÕES SOBRE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA DEMOCRÁTICA: ENTRE A PEDAGOGIA DIFERENCIADA E OS PROJETOS DE APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Scherer Renata Porcher , Ziede Mariangela Kraemer Lenz
Published: March 2021

O presente trabalho busca investigar quais as possibilidades pedagógicas de articularmos as propostas teóricas acerca do trabalho por projetos de aprendizagem com os pressupostos da pedagogia diferenciada em uma turma que apresenta uma grande heterogeneidade de níveis de aprendizagem. Acredita-se que a articulação destas duas propostas teóricas culminará no desenvolvimento de aprendizagens significativas para a turma e para cada aluno. Realizou-se um trabalho pedagógico em uma turma de 25 alunos de um 5º ano, em uma escola localizada na zona rural do município de Portão, e, através de registros no diário de campo da pesquisadora, foi possível observar que tal proposta pedagógica auxiliou-os com relação a sua autonomia em sala de aula, sobre o seu processo de aprendizagem, bem como possibilitou que alunos descritos com dificuldades de aprendizagem, em seu processo escolar, avançassem, significativamente, em suas aprendizagens. Ao final, realiza-se uma reflexão sobre tal organização pedagógica e sobre as possibilidades para construção de aulas mais democráticas.
Study of Varied Drip Irrigation and Fertigation Regimes on Curd Yield and Water Productivity of Cauliflower
Authors: Sidhartha G. , Pasha Md. Latheef , Devi M. Uma , Ramulu V.
Published: March 2021

An experiment on cauliflower was carried out at Water Technology Centre, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana during rabi 2019-2020. Experiment was laid out in split plot design with nine treatments consists of three drip irrigation levels (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 Epan) as main plots and three NK fertigation levels (Control, 40:50 and 80:100 kg N and K2O ha-1) as subplots. The results revealed that drip irrigation at 1.0 EPan recorded significantly higher  curd yield ( 18.7 t ha-1) followed by 0.8 EPan ( 17.1 t ha-1) and lower curd yield ( 15 t ha-1) was obtained at 0.6 EPan.  Fertigation at 80:100 kg N - K2O ha-1 recorded significantly higher curd yield (23.8 t ha-1) than 40:50 kg N - K2O ha-1 (19.7 t ha-1) and  lower curd yield (7.2 t ha-1) was obtained in  control treatment. Higher water productivity (9 kg m-3) of cauliflower recorded at lower drip irrigation regime of 0.6 Epan than 0.8 (8 kg m-3) and lower water productivity (7.2 kg m-3) recorded at higher drip irrigation regime of 1.0 Epan. It was recommended that scheduling of drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan and fertigation scheduled at 80:100 kg N - K2O ha-1 to obtain higher curd yield where as high water productivity was observed in drip irrigation regime of 0.6 Epan.
Doses of Са2+, Mg2+, K+, Nа+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ in Mountain Spring and Mineral Waters in Hydration Reaction During Sport Training and Recovery; Combination with Vitamins
Authors: Ignatov Ignat , Angelcheva Mariana , Angushev Ivan
Published: March 2021

The human body consists of 55-60% water in the case of young adults. There are numerous studies conducted in the 21st c. concerning hydration reaction in sports training and recovery.

Dehydration is a natural process during training and competition. Athletes lose both water and minerals. This is accompanied by formation of lactic acid and inorganic phosphate as well as by decrease of calcium (Ca2+). We have studied optimal doses of water and mineral intake during training, post-competition recovery and rest days. Electrochemically activated Catholyte water was successfully applied in sports practice. Bulgarian mineral and mountain spring waters were proposed as favorable during athletes’ training. In addition, herbs used as food supplements were classified according to their vitamin content. Our aim was to verify the efficiency of proposed intake doses for athletes’ hydration. They also include vitamins which, in combination with water, have anti-inflammatory effect and enhance sports performance. We have observed a tendency towards faster elimination of biochemical compounds appearing as side effects of athletic competitions and training.
Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Constituents of Rasam, a Traditional South Indian Soup
Authors: Sharma Ayush , Raja Muthu Kumaradoss Mohan Maruga , Manne Ravi
Published: March 2021

Aims: To evaluate the physical and chemical properties of rasam, a traditional south Indian soup. Each ingredient present in rasam are known for their medicinal value individually. Moreover, rasam has being suggested as a general control measure in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 by Ministry of AYUSH. For formulation designing the properties of material under study is generally determined. Hence, this study was carried out to evaluate the physiochemical properties of rasam so that it would be convenient to chose a suitable dosage form.

Study Design: The physical and chemical studies was carried simultaneously in order to achieve the confirmatory results.

Place and Duration of Study: Study was performed at Parul Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. The study took about 45 days.

Methodology: The physical parameters evaluated were pH, viscosity, density, boiling range, surface tension, miscibility, refractive index and loss on drying. The chemical evaluation included preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening.

Results: The pH of rasam was 3.916 ±0.0133, viscosity was 0.956 cp, density was 0.993 g/mL, relative density was 0.995, boiling point was 110.3333 ± 0.333, surface tension was 107.093 N/m, refractive index was 1.37, and loss on drying was 80%. It contains several chemical constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, etc.

Conclusion: The evaluated physical and chemical properties of rasam would provide a gateway for the formulation researchers to follow-up with various dosage forms designing.
Feasibility study of skin dosimetry with TLD sheets for measuring the effect of 3D printed bolus in radiotherapy
Authors: Miyasaka Yuya , Ichikawa Mayumi , Akira Takagi , Yamazawa Yoshifumi , Chai Hongbo , Souda Hikaru , Ishizawa Miyu , Sato Hiraku , Iwai Takeo
Published: February 2025

The thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) sheet is a measurement device coated with manganese‐doped LiB3O5 in sheet form. The sheet is 0.2‐mm thick and flexible. Hence, it can fit and be installed on irregular surfaces. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of measuring patient surface doses during radiation therapy using TLD sheets. Further, the surface doses when using a three‐dimensional (3D) printed bolus were compared. First, calibration of the between TLD sheet measurements and the irradiation doses was performed. Second, dose calculations and TLD sheet measurements were compared to evaluate the error between treatment planning system (TPS) dose calculations and surface dose measurements. Finally, the TLD sheet was fitted to the head phantom to measure the surface dose at the uneven areas under two conditions (with a commercial [CM] bolus and a 3D‐printed bolus). Based on the error from the dose calculation algorithm and the difference between the TLD sheet thickness and the dose grid size or evaluation structure volume, the differences between the TLD sheet measurements and the treatment plan doses were up to 68.6% for the X‐ray collapsed cone convolution (CCC) method and up to 8.4% for the electron beam Monte Carlo (MC) method. Based on the results of the surface dosimetry of the head phantom, the application of surface dosimetry, particularly skin dosimetry, even on uneven body surfaces, can be feasible.
Monocrystalline Gold Metasurface to Control Anisotropic Second‐Harmonic Generation
Authors: Boroviks Sergejs , Martin Olivier J. F.
Published: February 2025

The tensorial nature of the nonlinear susceptibility of gold surfaces is revealed and exploited by comparing crystalline and polycrystalline thin films. The {111}‐type surfaces of crystalline gold exhibit anisotropic features that are absent at the surfaces of conventionally used polycrystalline thin films. While this anisotropy does not influence the linear optical response, it becomes apparent in the second‐harmonic generation, where the emission can be either co‐ or cross‐polarized with the excitation light, depending on the crystal orientation. It is further demonstrated that nanopatterning a {111} surface enables versatile control over the anisotropic and isotropic contributions to second‐harmonic generation in the vicinity of localized surface plasmon resonance condition. Focused ion beam‐milling is used to pattern the surface of chemically synthesized gold flake with subwavelength‐sized V‐grooves, while preserving the intrinsic crystal anisotropy as demonstrated by the nonlinear microscopy. The results highlight the potential of crystalline metasurfaces to enhance, tailor and control the nonlinear optical response, paving the way for advanced nonlinear photonic devices.
Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis: A Modular In Situ Vicinal Functionalization Strategy for Recent Developments of Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Gangwar Himanshu , Azeem Zanjila , Mandal Pintu Kumar
Published: February 2025

The palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis, first identified by Catellani in 1997, provides an efficient approach for synthesizing highly functionalized aromatic compounds that are challenging to obtain through conventional methods. The developed synthetic approach integrates selective C‐H bond activation with sequential reactions, allowing for the targeted functionalization of both the ortho and ipso positions of aryl halides via aryl‐norbornadiene‐palladacycle (ANP), which in turn ensures high chemoselectivity and regioselectivity of the products.
It is estimated that approximately 20% of all natural products are glycosylated, with the carbohydrates linked to these compounds frequently playing a critical role in their biological activity. Currently, research in carbohydrate chemistry predominantly concentrates on polysubstitutional derivatization or vicinal functionalization strategies. However, the limited availability of 1,2‐disubstituted compounds has been scarcely investigated, and previous studies often relied on directional group assistance to achieve disubstitution.
Recently, significant advancements have been achieved with Pd/NBE cooperative catalysis, an area that has gained considerable importance in carbohydrate chemistry, presenting an opportunity to inspire further research interest in Catellani reactions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the Pd/NBE strategy within the realm of sugar chemistry, encompass early research and advancement in catalytic reactions, outline synthetic potential, highlight the significant progress made, and emphasize the most recent developments and their applications in situ vicinal functionalization of carbohydrate derivatives.
Injectable pH Responsive Conductive Hydrogel for Intelligent Delivery of Metformin and Exosomes to Enhance Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Cheng Nianlan , Luo Qiao , Yang Yongqing , Shao Ni , Nie Tianqi , Deng Xiujiao , Chen Jifeng , Zhang Siqi , Huang Yanyu , Hu Kuan , Luo Liangping , Xiao Zeyu
Published: February 2025

Myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a leading cause of complications and high mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction. Injectable hydrogel emerges as a promising biomaterial for myocardial repair due to their ability to mimic the mechanical and electrophysiological properties of heart tissue. In this study, an injectable conductive hydrogel is developed that responds to the weakly acidic microenvironment of ischemic injury, enabling the intelligent release of metformin and exosomes to enhance cardiac repair following MIRI. This multifunctional hydrogel demonstrates self‐healing properties, shear‐thinning injectability, electrical conductivity, and an elastic modulus comparable to natural myocardium, alongside excellent biocompatibility. At the cellular level, the hydrogel system exhibits significant antioxidant, anti‐apoptotic, improvement of electrophysiological characteristics, mitochondrial protection and angiogenic effects, with transcriptome sequencing revealing the effective activation of the PI3K/AKT, VEGF, and AMPK signaling pathways. In vivo studies further confirm that the hydrogel treatment reduces infarct size, cardiac fibrosis and incidence of arrhythmia, while improving ventricular ejection fraction and facilitating the restoration of cardiac function after MIRI. In conclusion, an injectable pH‐responsive conductive hydrogel is presented that enables the intelligent delivery of metformin and exosomes, offering a promising and novel therapeutic approach for enhancing cardiac repair and treating MIRI.
Force‐Triggered Non‐Volatile Multilevel Mechano‐Optical Memory System for Logic Computation and Image Recognition
Authors: Guo Jiaxing , Guo Feng , Yang Hang , Zhou Tianhong , Du Xiaona , Gao Rui , Chen Haisheng , Hu Minghao , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Yang , Tu Dong , Hao Jianhua
Published: February 2025

In the big data era, sensing multi‐modal information in memory is highly demanded for the sake of artificial intelligence applications to overcome the limitations of the von Neumann architecture. Different from traditional sensing methodologies, mechanoluminescence (ML) materials, which emit light in response to mechanical force without any external power supply, present intriguing prospects for technological developments. However, most of the ML materials only demonstrate instantaneous luminescence, severely hampering the exploitation of ML in sophisticated applications where non‐volatile control is indispensable. Herein, a non‐volatile, multilevel mechano‐optical memory system is proposed, based on a crafted combination of a self‐recoverable ML material, ZnS:Cu, and a photostimulated luminescence (PSL) phosphor Ca0.25Sr0.75S:Eu (CaSrS:Eu). By integrating ML with PSL effect, a robust six‐level non‐volatile memory is achieved, in which the multilevel memory states allow for computational capability without electrical interference. Specifically, the reliable multilevel and non‐volatile response enables Boolean logic operations. Furthermore, neuromorphic visual pattern pre‐processing is implemented, resulting in a substantial increase in recognition accuracy from 20% to 80%. These findings endow force‐responsive phosphors with memory capability, fully leveraging the capabilities of ML and offering a new strategy for developing mechano‐optical hardware and concepts for future intelligent applications.
Novel Cerium‐Based p‐Dopants with Low Parasitic Absorption for Improved Organic Devices
Authors: Buchholtz Stephanie A. , Winkler L. Conrad , Dorfner Maximilian F. X. , Kretschmer Fred , Kusber Anncharlott , Eymann Léonard Y. M. , Schmidt Theresa , Kleemann Hans , Benduhn Johannes , Ortmann Frank , Leo Karl
Published: February 2025

High electrical conductivity and improved charge carrier injection enabled by molecular doping are pivotal for high‐performance, energy‐efficient, and stable organic optoelectronic devices. Molecular doping is a key element in device design and manufacturing of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode displays, a multi‐billion dollar market. However, it is an inherent feature of state‐of‐the‐art small molecule dopants and their charge‐transfer complexes to strongly absorb in the visible and near‐infrared spectral range. This parasitic effect results in absorption losses, reducing the performance in light‐harvesting and light‐emitting applications. Here, a novel class of vacuum‐processable cerium‐based p‐dopants with excellent processing properties and competitive doping strength even in organic hole transport layers with low‐lying valence levels is presented. A substantial reduction in parasitic absorption for layers doped by the new dopants in the visible and near‐infrared range is found. The reduced polaron absorption of the dopant anions is in excellent agreement with theoretical simulations. By incorporating these dopants into near‐infrared narrowband organic photodetectors, the specific detectivity can be increased by one order of magnitude compared to devices with the established dopant 1,3,4,5,7,8‐hexafluorotetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane (F6‐TCNNQ). The decreased parasitic absorption yields optical‐microcavity‐enhanced photodetectors with significantly reduced full‐width at half maximum, paving the way toward more efficient and wavelength‐selective infrared detectors.
Unlocking the Promise of Antitumor Hyperthermia‐Immunotherapy with Spiky Surface Topology
Authors: Yang Muyue , Yu Yan , Ge Tongxin , Zhu Qiuyi , Zhuang Ai , Wang Wenxing , Fan Xianqun
Published: February 2025

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults with high mortality rate. Recently, immunotherapy has shown great success in other tumors, however, its therapeutic effect in UM is unsatisfactory, possibly due to the insufficient immune cell infiltration and low immunogenicity of UM. Thus, an efficient therapeutic strategy to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is required. Herein, a PD‐L1 modified hierarchical structure consisting of a magnetic Fe3O4 core and spiky silica shell (MNP@Spiky/PD‐L1) is developed to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and trigger powerful antitumor immune responses. The MNP@Spiky can induce enhanced immunogenic cell death as well as physical activation of innate immunity. First, tumor cells are disrupted directly by magnetic hyperthermia effect and released tumor‐associated antigens to initiate anti‐tumor immune responses. Meanwhile, the spiky surface of MNP@Spiky augmented tumor antigen uptake as well as maturation of dendritic cells through inflammasome activation. By further associating with PD‐L1‐targeting antibody, MNP@Spiky/PD‐L1 reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and triggered powerful antitumor immune responses. Overall, this synergistic therapeutic strategy effectively reprogramed tumor microenvironment and achieved tumor eradication, which sheds light on clinical UM immunotherapy.
Engineering Multi‐Site Platinum Ensembles Synergistically Boosts Catalysis
Authors: Dong Tao , Xiao Fei , Wu Xuanning , Ban Tao , Ji Jian , Liu Biyuan , Zhang Jiarui , Jiang Jiuxing , Zhang Dieqing , Yang Weixing , Liu Gaoyuan , Yang Xin , Huang Haibao
Published: February 2025

Engineering stable and efficient noble metal ensembles with multi‐type active sites while understanding the role of each site at the atomic level remains a significant challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, a sub‐nanometric Pt ensemble catalyst with a diverse array of active sites is constructed via a dual‐confinement strategy, which exhibits superior activity and durability with minimal Pt loading (0.13 wt.%). Simultaneously, the roles of different Pt sites at the atomic scale are determined through in situ characterization methods and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Specifically, Pt top sites predominantly serve as pivotal centers for O═O bond activation, whereas Pt−O−Si interfacial sites primarily govern the activation of H─OH and C─H bonds. The reactive oxygen species (O2−, O22−, and −OH) generated from O2 and H2O activation synergistically enhance formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation and shorten the reaction pathway. This study sheds light on a better understanding and rational design of catalyst active sites via precise synthesis of multi‐site ensembles or discerning the distinct contributions of various catalytic sites.