bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NuSTAR Observations of the Transient Galactic Black Hole Binary Candidate Swift J1858.6–0814: A New Sibling of V404 Cyg and V4641 Sgr?
Authors: Hare Jeremy , Tomsick John A. , Buisson Douglas J. K. , Clavel Maïca , Gandhi Poshak , García Javier A. , Grefenstette Brian W. , Walton Dominic J. , Xu Yanjun
Published: February 2020

Swift J1858.6−0814 was discovered by the Burst Alert Telescope on Swift on 2018 October 25. Here we report on the first follow-up Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) observation of the source, which shows variability spanning two orders of magnitude in count rate on timescales of ∼10–100 s. The power spectrum of the source does not show any quasi-periodic oscillations or periodicity, but has a large fractional rms amplitude of 147% ± 3%, exhibiting a number of large flares throughout the observation. The hardness ratio (defined as R
10–79keV/R
3–10keV) of the flares tends to be soft, while the source spans a range of hardness ratios during nonflaring periods. The X-ray spectrum of the source shows strong reflection features, which become more narrow and peaked during the nonflaring intervals. We fit an absorbed relativistic reflection model to the source spectra to place physical constraints on the system. Most notably, we find that the source exhibits a large and varying intrinsic absorbing column density (N
H = (1.4–4.2) × 1023 cm−2). This large intrinsic absorption is further supported by the energy spectra extracted from two flares observed simultaneously by NuSTAR and the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer. We find that the inner accretion disk of the source has a low inclination,

(3σ upper limit), while the iron abundance in the disk is close to solar, A
Fe = 1.0 ± 0.3. We set a 90% confidence upper limit on the inner radius of the accretion disk of r
in < 8r
ISCO and, by fixing r
in to be at r
ISCO, a 90% confidence lower limit on the spin of the black hole of

. Finally, we compare the properties of Swift J1858.6−0814 to those of V404 Cygni and V4641 Sgr, which both show rapid flaring and a strong and variable absorption.
Nonlinear Reconnection in Magnetized Turbulence
Authors: Loureiro Nuno F. , Boldyrev Stanislav
Published: February 2020

Recent analytical works on strong magnetized plasma turbulence have hypothesized the existence of a range of scales where the tearing instability may govern the energy cascade. In this paper, we estimate the conditions under which such tearing may give rise to full nonlinear magnetic reconnection in the turbulent eddies. When those conditions are met, a new turbulence regime is accessed where reconnection-driven energy dissipation becomes common, rather than the rare feature that it must be when they are not. We conclude that while such conditions are very stringent for fluid-scale eddies, they are easily met for kinetic-scale eddies; in particular, we suggest that our arguments may help explain recent Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations of (so-called) electron-only reconnection and of energy dissipation via electron Landau damping in the Earth's magnetosheath.
The biomimetics potential of cave-dwelling animals
Authors: Hesselberg Thomas
Published: February 2020

Biomimetics or biologically inspired design is a relatively new interdisciplinary field that aims to harness the processes and mechanisms in nature that have been optimised over million of years’ evolution to improve our own technology. There are two main approaches to biological inspired design – the problem-driven approach starting with an engineering problem and searching through biological equivalents or the solution-driven approach which starts with a biological example or solution followed by the identification of a suitable engineering application (Lenau et al. 2018). While the former approach is the most popular and is favoured by engineers, the latter remains the most successful and is typically driven by fundamental biological research. However, no biomimetic solutions or concepts have so far been described from subterranean habitats despite the rich potential arising from the wonderfully diverse range of bizarre morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations that have arisen in response to the environmental constraints. In this presentation I give an outline of potential biomimetics examples arising from cave-dwelling animals in three technology fields.

Biomaterials – the high humidity, lack of light and stable temperatures may have given rise to novel biomatarials. A promising study on the properties of silk from the Tasmanian cave spider Hickmania troglodytes is currently underway (Piorkowski et al. 2017).

Adhesion devices. The high humidity and smooth wet surfaces underground may have given rise to unique morphological adaptations to adhere to and move on these surfaces. Potential target organisms include millipedes, springtails and cave angel fish.

Biorobotics.

Biomaterials – the high humidity, lack of light and stable temperatures may have given rise to novel biomatarials. A promising study on the properties of silk from the Tasmanian cave spider Hickmania troglodytes is currently underway (Piorkowski et al. 2017).

Adhesion devices. The high humidity and smooth wet surfaces underground may have given rise to unique morphological adaptations to adhere to and move on these surfaces. Potential target organisms include millipedes, springtails and cave angel fish.

Biorobotics.

The characteristics of the subterranean habitats potentially offer rich inspiration for the design of exploration robots ranging from flexible movement in constrained spaces, flight in low light conditions and non-visual navigation. The hope is that this presentation will inspire experienced biospeleologists to consider and explore potential novel biomimetic applications in their own study organisms.
Invertebrates diversity in mountain Neotropical quartzite caves: which factors can influence the composition, richness, and distribution of the cave communities?
Authors: Souza Silva Marconi , Iniesta Luiz Felipe Moretti , Lopes Ferreira Rodrigo
Published: February 2020

Twenty caves located in a high altitudinal quartzite area in Brazil were examined for invertebrate richness and composition and in terms of environmental factors that determine community structure. We evaluate how distance, altitude, cave extension, environmental stability, number and size of cave entrances and stream presence can act on species composition and richness. The caves presented a high richness of troglophilic (463 spp.) and troglobitic species (6 spp.) in relation to other siliciclastic caves around the world. The average richness was 39.55 species per cave (sd = 21.87), the quantitative similarity among caves was 41% and turnover was βrepl. = 0.769. Araneae (20% of the sampled species), Diptera (18%) and Coleoptera (14%) were the dominant orders regarding species richness. Only twenty percent of the caves were placed out of the confidence interval of the average taxonomic distinctness (∆+); however, the ∆+ decreased with the increase of environmental stability. Cave extension and stream presence were the main factors determining the variation of species composition among caves. Cave extension also influenced species richness variations. Furthermore, the total richness and richness of troglobitic species increased with cave extension. The threats to these habitats further revealed that the fauna is at risk due to tourism, trampling and natural soil erosion that can promote microhabitat alterations. Therefore, quartzite caves also require special attention regarding conservation actions in order to keep their natural biological dynamics.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Terapon jarbua (Forskål, 1775) (Teleostei, Terapontidae) in Malaysian waters
Authors: Chanthran Shyama Sundari Devi , Lim Phaik-Eem , Li Yuan , Liao Te-Yu , Poong Sze-Wan , Du Jianguo , Hussein Muhammad Ali Syed , Sade Ahemad , Rumpet Richard , Loh Kar-Hoe
Published: February 2020

A background study is important for the conservation and stock management of a species.Terapon jarbuais a coastal Indo-Pacific species, sourced for human consumption. This study examined 134 samples from the central west and east coasts of Peninsular (West) Malaysia and East Malaysia. A 1446-bp concatenated dataset of mtDNA COI and Cytbsequences was used in this study and 83 haplotypes were identified, of which 79 are unique haplotypes and four are shared haplotypes. Populations ofT. jarbuain Malaysia are genetically heterogenous as shown by the high level of haplotype diversity ranging from 0.9167–0.9952, low nucleotide diversity ranging from 0.0288–0.3434, and high FSTvalues (within population genetic variation). Population genetic structuring is not distinct as shown by the shared haplotypes between geographic populations and mixtures of haplotypes from different populations within the same genetic cluster. The gene flow patterns and population structuring observed among these regions are likely attributed to geographical distance, past historical events, allopatric speciation, dispersal ability and water currents. For instance, the mixture of haplotypes revealed an extraordinary migration ability ofT. jarbua(>1200 km) via ancient river connectivity. The negative overall value of the neutrality test and a non-significant mismatch distribution are consistent with demographic expansion(s) in the past. The median-joining network concurred with the maximum likelihood haplotype tree with three major clades resolved. The scarcity of information on this species is an obstacle for future management and conservation purposes. Hence, this study aims to contribute information on the population structure, genetic diversity, and historical demography ofT. jarbuain Malaysia.
Aurivillius’s “Neue oder wenig bekannte Coleoptera Longicornia” (1886–1927), the correct years and page numbers
Authors: Lin Mei-Ying , Ge Si-Qin
Published: February 2020

Aurivillius’s work entitled “Neue oder wenig bekannte ColeopteraLongicornia” was published in parts over a period of over four decades. There were two page numbers on most pages of these publications, one ordered by Aurivillius, the other by the journal. Historically, different authors have used different page numbers, and sometimes different years for these publications, which has caused chaos in the citations. Herein, accurate dates of publications for this work, and correct page numbers that should be used are provided and discussed.
Emotional Intelligence as a Moderator in Reducing Academic Stress Among School Students
Authors: Dhanakotti Elavarasi , Rajendran Poornima
Published: February 2020

In this chapter, the authors reviewed the dimensions/subscales of emotional intelligence and deliberated its significance associated in enhancing emotional competencies, thereby overcoming academic stress in students. The present review makes the reader understand and rationalize the significance of emotional intelligence for students to develop their emotional competencies to empower themselves and combat academic stress and enhance their academic performance.
Spirituality and Well-Being in a Successful Life
Authors: Behera Bhanu Prasad
Published: February 2020

Life on earth is about evolving spiritually. Spirituality is not only about meditation and prayer. Life itself is a property of the spirit. Life is about growth, experience, and learning. There are several dimensions that help us to perform our spiritual practices to become internally free and stable. Spiritual wellbeing is a highly personal and universal experience. Spiritual wellbeing is an integral part of emotional, physical, and mental health. Spirituality has positive effects on our lives. It gives peace, freedom, and happiness; helps in treating stress, depression, anorexia; etc. Spiritual wellbeing helps in making relationships better, enhancing personal value, maintaining better work-life balance, understanding the personal value, time to spend alone, finding inner peace, finding job satisfaction, maintaining active lifestyle, balancing and controlling life, better health and longer life, a strong spiritual community, and better connection between people.
Systems-Based Approaches to Speech-Language Pathology Service Delivery for School Age Children
Authors: Horton RaMonda
Published: February 2020

This chapter will provide readers with an overview of how a systems-based approach can be used to understand the relationship between culture, environment, language, and disability. It will identify a useful model of ecology, culture, and development that can and should be considered in conjunction with the WHO-ICF framework to guide service delivery in school-based settings. This chapter will also provide an overview of systems-based approaches that can be used when working with children from traditionally marginalized backgrounds. Finally, a case study example will be used to provide guidance on the application of systems-based approaches to service delivery for children in school-based settings.
Financial Risk and Financial Imbalances
Authors: Piñeiro Sanchez Carlos , de Llano-Monelos Pablo
Published: February 2020

The study of the financial imbalances of companies is a common topic for academics and practitioners because bankruptcy affects financial stability and modifies the investors' behavior. Since the 1960s, financial ratios have been used as diagnostic tools and also as independent variables within models aimed at quantifying firms' financial risk (e.g., Altman's Z-Score). In parallel, the strategic theory has developed theoretical constructs to explain why competitiveness is empirically heterogeneous. The resource-based view argues that companies can outperform rivals if they manage scarce, expensive, and hard-to-imitate resources. Ultimately, outperformers should be able to avoid (or overcome) financial imbalances. This chapter intends to analyze whether IT resources modify firm performance and financial risk. To do that, the authors collected data from a random sample of Galician SMEs, combining questionnaires, focused interviews, and public financial data. Hypotheses are explored by applying parametric statistical methods.
An Integrated Model of Perceived Risk and Risk-Reducing Strategies in the Tunisian Stock Market
Authors: Béjaoui Azza , Karaa Adel
Published: February 2020

This chapter examines the antecedents and consequences of the perceived risk of investors towards the Tunisian stock market. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 411 individual investors chosen by 24 brokerage firms. Using the structural equation model, we operationalize the risk following the psychometric paradigm according to subjective variables (i.e. familiarity and controllability). Results prove that controllability is a significant factor in the formation of perceived risk. We also show that several factors related to the investor, the listed companies and to the stock market can influence the perceived risk by the investor towards the Tunisian stock market. Similarly, we find that perceived risk leads to intensive information search, good performance and a strong reinvestment intention. These results attest the importance of the risk perception in the decision-making process.
Mutual Fund
Authors: Chhabra Shalini
Published: February 2020

Mutual funds provide various facilities that make saving and investing simple, accessible and affordable, by using professional management, diversification, variety of products, liquidity, affordability, convince. Moreover, strict government regulation and full disclosure of information makes the investment more secures in India. In India mutual funds market the key area of interest of market experts are understanding the investor's expectations and meeting those expectations. The mutual fund sector is one of the fast growing sectors in Indian economy and has tremendous potential for sustained future growth. The present era of exponential growth has seen changes, refinements and innovation etc. the industry needs to identify the expectation and houses of the investors and meet their expectations in a better way by overcoming the challenges the mutual fund industry is facing. Keeping in view that ever increasing competition of similar or alternative product, marketing has been concerned the most vital area of operation of Mutual funds industry. Mutual fund Marketing is different from marketing of other goods. The present chapter tries to explore the marketing strategies adopted by Mutual funds, the different 7 Ps that are involved by the various mutual funds for attracting the investors.
The Nexus Between Institutional Quality and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in South Asia
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous
Published: February 2020

South Asia is one of the world's fastest growing regions, averaging 6.7 percent annual increases in real GDP over the past decade. However, South Asia's FDI inflows as a share of GDP are the lowest of all developing regions, averaging less than 2 percent in 2000-11(World Bank, 2013). Institutional quality is one of the factors that determine the volume of FDI inflow in any country. This study covers the data of three sampled countries of South Asia provided by the World Bank for the period 2003-2014. By using both static and dynamic models, this study reveals that regulatory quality and the political stability have significantly positive impact on the FDI inflow into each of the three countries. For Robustness, this study also employs dynamic heterogeneous panel approaches like Pool Mean Group (PMG) and found that institutional quality factors are significantly relevant to the FDI. As a policy implication, the regression results indicate that during the process of reform, the relation between FDI and institutional quality warrants a certain amount of attention.
The Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards Adoption on Foreign Direct Investment and the Economy
Authors: Boachie Christopher
Published: February 2020

This chapter examines the effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Ghanaian economy. It is a cross sectional survey study, with the population consisting of both Preparers and Users of financial statements. Stratified Random sampling method was adopted to gather primary data. Findings showed that IFRS has been adopted in Ghana and it is perceived that IFRS implementation promotes FDI inflows and economic growth. This study recommends all stakeholders to have full implementation to reap benefits of the IFRS and principle - based standards. The implication is that preparers need to work on their skills and expertise gap through training and development and to ensure that these standards are included in the academic and professional curricula. Moreover, regulatory bodies should monitor and enforce these standards but where local content is needed, convergence should be the solution.
Foreign Direct Investment in India Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Bhattacheryay Suranjan
Published: February 2020

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the dispersal and optimisation of resource packages like human, financial, knowledge, physical and reputational resources. The motivational factors such as natural resources, market resources, strategic resources, efficiency resources, locational advantages, etc., influenced Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) to perform various activities in the host countries. MNEs internationalise business mainly to acquire intangible assets and for balancing resources which they do not possess. India is in receipt of continuous capital flow due to favourable policy management and a strong business environment. Globally, Indian corporations continually display significantly better equity earnings over other countries both developed and emerging. The Government of India is very keen in simplifying FDI rules with an ultimate aim to attract more investors with zero hazards.
Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Post-Transition Economy
Authors: Dorożyński Tomasz , Kłysik-Uryszek Agnieszka , Kuna-Marszałek Anetta
Published: February 2020

Recent two decades witnessed unprecedented changes in the economies of Central and Eastern Europe. Accelerated economic growth following systemic transformations, globalisation and liberalisation and EU integration visibly intensified international capital flows, including foreign direct investment (FDI). Intense internationalisation of an economy is usually perceived as a positive process, which – in general – gives an opportunity to accelerate growth and strengthen competitiveness. Therefore the authorities of an economy try to support FDI flows by implementing different incentives. The main goal of the chapter is to show the scale and scope of outward foreign direct investments (OFDI) of Polish companies in the light of economic transformation experience and authorities support. The chapter is organized as follows: first it presents Poland's path from centrally planned state to developed, competitive economy. Secondly, the focus is laid on support offered to companies undertaking OFDI ventures and finally on the scale and scope of Poland's outward investments.
Dilemmas on OFDI Measuring and Interpreting
Authors: Kłysik-Uryszek Agnieszka , Kuna-Marszałek Anetta
Published: February 2020

Foreign direct investments (FDI) seem to have been thoroughly studied in specialised literature. However the scope of available statistical data often significantly hampers or even prevents any in-depth analysis of the phenomenon. The dynamic economic processes lead to the formation of new linkages, new organisational solutions in international enterprises that co-exist with well described and recognised forms of FDI but escape proper monitoring of statistical institutions. The chapter discusses the different concepts of measuring and interpreting FDI to provide researchers helpful guidelines how to deal with the problems of different methodological dilemmas. A main conclusion is that data provided by official statistics are insufficient and incoherent, and analysis of the scale of OFDI engagement of enterprises (especially from emerging countries) carries some risk and its results should be approached with caution. The case study of Poland's statistics has been used to portray the most significant discrepancies and problems.
The Effects of Economic Structural Transformation on Employment
Authors: Can Muhlis , Doğan Buhari
Published: February 2020

Structural transformation concept emphasized by countless numbers of policy makers and scholars. Structural transformation affects not only countries' income levels but also a number of their economic parameters. Employment is one of the most significant of these parameters because the success of structural transformation is measured by the contributions of agriculture, manufacturing, and the service sector to growth and employment. In this chapter, the changing effects of economic complexity (as a major indicator of structural transformation) on employment, and the visual representation of this complexity, which is called product space, are studied using samples from South Korea and Japan. As a result of research, it is found out that increased complexity of a country's economy (increased intensity of the product space center) will lead to a decrease in the employment in agriculture and manufacturing, an increase in the employment in the services sector.
Chinese Investment in the European Football Industry
Authors: Berning Sue Claire , Maderer Daniel
Published: February 2020

Outward foreign direct investment of Chinese firms in developed markets is a relatively new phenomenon. Since December, 2014 when the Chinese government announced a major investment program in sports, Chinese firms have particularly focused on foreign direct investments in the European football industry. We analyze the investment patterns, the determinants, and the motives of six investment cases of Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) undertaken in European football clubs. Based on Dunning's OLI paradigm and the determinants-framework from Holtbrügge and Kreppel, a within-case and cross-case analysis was conducted. We reveal that the main motives of Chinese investments differ between asset-seeking and market-seeking to a combination of both. The most important determinants of OFDI were the size of the host market and the level of know-how in it, while firm-specific resources and the strategic importance of the industry for the home government was a joint determinant for all Chinese companies.
Integration to the WTO and Economic Transition in the South Caucasus Economies
Authors: Aliyev Khatai
Published: February 2020

Economic transition story in the South Caucasus economies started after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Theoretically, integration to the World Trade Organization (WTO) system should improve the economic transition performance. This research uses the yearly transition indicators by the EBRD to discover the relationship between economic transition performance and integration to the WTO in the contexts of before-and-after WTO membership and before-and-after the end of concession period defined for a new member to implement all obligations. Author employs bivariate de-trended regression analysis estimated by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), individually for Armenia and Georgia, and within a panel analysis covering all three countries of the region. Research findings provide strong evidence of significant positive or acceleratory effect of integration to the WTO on economic transition in the South Caucasus. Surprise finding is insignificant impact over competition policy index, which is supposed to be affected by integration.
Transcontinental Strategies and Strategic Choices
Authors: Aboutalebi Reza , Tan Hui , Lobo Reshma Trupti
Published: February 2020

This paper searches for a possible Asian way for internationalization and the theoretical bases behind these transcontinental strategies and strategic choices. In particular, this paper explores the dominant modes of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) employed by Indian enterprises in the UK. It also assesses their competitive advantages in various industries, and the link between strategic aspirations and post-entry performance. This study employs a mixed methodology using a combination of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews for data collection from 124 companies. Mergers and acquisitions are revealed to be the preferred mode of entry into the UK. However, the study found that not all theoretical predictions are supported. Although from a financial point of view India's OFDI in the UK is not fully justifiable, from a strategic development aspect, it has satisfied the investors.
Critical Analysis of the Influence of Transnational Capitalism on Institutions and Organizations
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: February 2020

This chapter aims to analyze the development of capitalism and its influences on institutions and organizations from its beginnings to reach the highest stage in the processes of neoliberal economic globalization and the New Economy version with supports of information and communication technologies. In raising this development from a critical analysis, it examines the impacts and effects on individuals, communities and the nation state. Subsequently it is questioned the scope of the imposed transnational neoliberal capitalism model. Finally, it is concluded that it needs a cultural transformation for not accepting the forms of domination, power and alignment of globalizing capitalism and to reconstruct the identity of communities through individual action and asserting collective self-determination, independence and self-management. To a certain extent, this analysis finds that evolution and globalization support divergence more than convergence.
PRINCIPAIS MÉTODOS DE FIXAÇÃO DE PEÇAS PARA ESTUDO ANATÔMICO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Santos Andressa Aparecida dos , Silva Maria Gabriela Vincenzi , Santos Jessica Luana dos , Melo Patrícia Gizeli Brassalli de
Published: February 2020

O principal meio de aprendizado de estruturas humanas em cursos da saúde é a manipulação de cadáveres. A disciplina de anatomia humana é de fundamental importância na formação desses profissionais e sua aprovação é considerada um requisito essencial para sequência do aluno em outras disciplinas. Visto que peças naturais à fresco estão sujeitas à uma rápida decomposição e sua reposição por novas peças é inviável às instituições, o ato de tentar preservá-las requer métodos e substâncias que vêm sendo catalogadas há muito tempo. A literatura mostra como principais técnicas de fixação de tecidos biológicos o uso de formaldeído bem como a glicerina, álcool etílico, fenol e a plastinação. Cada uma das técnicas possui características singulares e apresentam melhor ou pior desempenho na fixação de tecidos. O uso de formaldeído mantém-se como principal método de fixação, visto seu baixo custo. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho objetiva por meio de uma revisão literária, abordar os principais métodos de fixação das peças anatômicas.Ci
UMA ABORDAGEM INTERDISCIPLINAR ENTRE A QUÍMICA E A BIOLOGIA COM O ESTUDO DOS FÓSSEIS PARA O TERCEIRO ANO DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: SIPEC I
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo se apresenta com a proposta de estabelecer relação entre a Química e aBiologia no terceiro ano do Ensino Médio, representadas aqui com a Paleontologia noestudo de uma das evidências da evolução: Os fósseis. Para isso, faz-se necessárioreinventar as aulas com uma didática diferenciada, declarada neste artigo de formainterdisciplinar, para que haja a aprendizagem significativa envolvendo as disciplinas deforma complementar, na qual os conteúdos abordados podem ser interpretados como umaponte entre os saberes. Nesse viés, para consolidar a interdisciplinaridade dentro dadisciplina de Biologia o enfoque será no estudo dos fósseis, já dentro da Química o focoserá no conteúdo de Química Orgânica com os Carbonos, as funções orgânicas, a isomeriae as reações Orgânicas.
ENSINO DE ASTRONOMIA: O PROBLEMA DA ÓRBITA DA TERRA
Authors: SIPEC I
Published: February 2020

O ensino de astronomia no ensino fundamental reflete diretamente nas concepções científicas dos alunosque vão para o ensino médio. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetivou verificar as concepções dos alunosdo ensino médio da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, campus Campo Mourão, queparticiparam da 19ª Olimpíada Brasileira de astronomia (OBA) no ano de 2016, sobre a órbita descritapela Terra ao redor do Sol. Este trabalho possui caráter qualitativo, com uma análise do tipo descritiva.Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se uma questão da OBA que discutia o assunto de interesse. Nossosresultados evidenciam que menos de 6% da amostra investigada apresentam uma concepção científicasobre a órbita da Terra.
POLÍTICAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NO BRASIL: REFLEXÕES ACERCA DAS DIRETRIZES CURRICULARES NACIONAIS DE 2015
Authors: SIPEC I
Published: February 2020

Este artigo compõe uma pesquisa de doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em EducaçãoCientífica e Tecnológica (UFSC) e apresenta uma análise das políticas de Formação deProfessores a partir das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a formação inicial e continuada(BRASIL, 2015b). Optou-se por referenciais das áreas de Ensino, Educação e do método doMaterialismo Histórico Dialético para a análise. Frente aos posicionamentos teóricosexplícitos e subjacentes ao documento é possível apresentar algumas constatações econtradições no discurso da Educação e o desenvolvimento e/ou fracasso social; aculpabilização dos professores e fragilidades teóricas na associação de conceitos como Práxis,Desenvolvimento Profissional e Trabalho Docente. A discussão viabilizada neste estudo nãoesgota as problematizações em torno do documento, mas permite olhar para as Diretrizes edelinear possíveis e distintas nuances que a compõem.
Effect of Bubbles in Optimized Y-Shaped Tubes of Fluid Streams
Authors: Miguel Antonio Ferreira
Published: February 2020

Multiphase transport processes are encountered in many branches of science and engineering. Bubbles can be used, for example, as to cut off the blood flows that feed sick tissue growth and as potential drug delivery systems. This paper addresses the effect of bubbles on the increase of flow resistance within optimized Y-shaped tubes under different size constraints (volume, surface area). Y-shaped constructs of fluid streams can mimic the anatomy of the vascular system, and the results presented in this paper can be used for facilitating the design and analysis of the flow of bubbles through these systems.
Study on Hybrid Drying with Infrared Radiation of Watermelon Seeds (Citrullus Lanatus)
Authors: de Oliveira Raí M. , Andrade Keyse S. , Prado Manoel Marcelo , Marques L.G.
Published: February 2020

Drying characteristics of watermelon seeds using infrared (IR) heating combined to non-heated air flow were determined varying the IR source temperature and air velocity. The effects of the process variables on the effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) and specific energy consumption (SEC) were also evaluated. Experiments in the hybrid dryer were conducted with seeds arranged in a single layer and exposed to three IR temperatures levels (45, 65 and 85 W/m2) and three air velocities levels (0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 m/s) at 25°C. The effective moisture diffusivity was estimated using Fick’s diffusion model assuming negligible shrinkage and surface moisture in equilibrium with the surrounding air. Deff-values ranged from 0.62 x 10-10 to 1.83 x 10-10 m2/s, while SEC-valued varied from 29.91 to 73.16 kWh/g. Statistical analysis carried out on the experimental data indicated that the effective moisture diffusivity and specific energy consumption were significantly influenced only by the IR source temperature, which had a positive linear effect on Deff and a negative linear effect on SEC. Maximum effective diffusivity and minimum energy consumption values in hybrid drying of watermelon seeds were obtained with the use of the highest IR temperature and lowest air velocity.
Drying of Sisal Fiber: Three-Dimensional Mathematical Modeling and Simulation
Authors: de Brito Diniz Jacqueline Félix , Moreira Gicélia , da Silva Nascimento José Jefferson , de Farias Raimundo Pereira , Magalhães Hortência Luma Fernandes , Barbalho Gustavo Henrique de Almeida , de Lima Antonio Gilson Barbosa
Published: February 2020

This work presents a theoretical drying study of sisal fiber. Fibers with moisture content of around 11.2% were dried in an oven in the temperature 90°C. A transient and three-dimensional mathematical modeling to predict heat and mass transfer in a bed of fiber was proposed and numerically solved by using the finite-volume method. Results of the average moisture content and surface temperature were compared with experimental data to verify the consistence of the proposed model, and good agreement was verified.
Experimental Investigation of the Performance of a Spouted Bed Dryer for Biomass: Drying Kinetics and Energy Evaluation
Authors: Silva Bruno R.S. , Nascimento Marcelo , Marques L.G. , Prado Manoel Marcelo
Published: February 2020

Drying is an essential pre-treatment step that plays a critical role in the energy balance of biomass power plants. This has motivated the search by cost-effective drying technologies. Within this context, the present work aims to investigate the application of a spouted bed dryer with inert solids for drying sugarcane bagasse, the most important biomass used for generating energy in Brazil. Effects of the biomass volume fraction, inlet air temperature and spouting gas flow rate on the drying time and thermal efficiency of the equipment were examined. Results show that drying time decreases by decreasing the biomass fraction and by increasing air temperature. Highest values of biomass percentage and air temperature allied to the lowest velocity of the spouting air greatly improve the efficiency of the biomass drying. Based on a balance between the energy that the product is capable of suppling and the total energy consumed by the dryer the optimum operating conditions recommended for making feasible the use of the bagasse dehydrated in spouted bed for energy purposes are: air temperature of 67°C, biomass volume fraction of 0.6 and air flow rate equal to the minimum stable spouting condition.
The Investigation of a Fluid-Solid Interaction Mathematical Model under Combined Convective Jeffrey Flow and Radiation Effect Embedded Newtonian Heating as the Thermal Boundary Condition over a Vertical Stretching Sheet
Authors: Kasim Abdul Rahman Mohd , Arifin Nur Syamilah , Zokri Syazwani Mohd , Salleh Mohd Zuki
Published: February 2020

The investigation on the interaction between solid and fluid under combined convective flow has been carried out mathematically. The Jeffrey fluid model is taken as the fluid phase and the model is being embedded with the dust particles (solid phase). This two-phase model is constructed by introducing the fluid-particles interaction forces in the momentum equations of the fluid and dust phases, respectively. The natural and forced convections together with the aligned magnetic field are considered on the fluid flow. Also, the Newtonian heating as thermal boundary condition is induced on the vertical stretching sheet. In order to reduce the complexity of the model, the governing equations are transformed from partial differential equation into ordinary differential equation via suitable similarity transformation. The solutions are obtained in terms of velocity and temperature profiles for the fluid and particles phases respectively whereby the Keller-box method is utilized to obtain the desired outcomes. The influences of several significant physical parameters are visualized graphically to clarify the flow and heat transfer characteristic for both phases. The investigation found that the fluid’s velocity is affected by the presence of the dust particles which led to decelerate the fluid transference. The present flow model is able to be compared with the single-phase fluid cases if the fluid-particle interaction parameter is ignored.
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic and URAN Visualization of Multiphase Flow
Authors: Almohammadi Khaled Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Significant research is being conducted in the simulation of fluid flows due to the increase in employing the physics of the fluid flow to either commercial, in-house or open source codes. The analysis of the fluid flow is mainly based on the Lagrangian or the Eulerian approach. Many of the simulation codes employ the Eulerian approach due to its simplicity. These codes are based on several numerical techniques and yet few benchmarks have been conducted. However, the codes which employ the Lagrangian approach seem to be promising and may accurately simulate fluid flow phenomena. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the Lagrangian and Eulerian approach is investigated for a water droplet in a tank. The velocity field and the total pressure of the fluid are generated for the simulation by employing Ansys Fluent for the Eulerian approach and DualPhysics for the Lagrangian approach. The fluid structure and the fluid flow development are compared in order to assess the capability of each approaches in analysing the investigated fluid flow. This study may play a significant role on the importance of employing the Lagrangian approach for fluid flows where complex fluid structure occurs.
CHAPTER 4 High Temperature Oxidation of Stainless Steels
Authors: Chandra-ambhorn Somrerk , Hayashi Shigenari , Latu-Romain Laurence , Wongpromrat Patthranit
Published: February 2020

This chapter is dedicated to the description of high temperature oxidation of both chromia and alumina forming alloys. The defect structures of iron and chromium are firstly reviewed. The effects of elements on stainless steel oxidation behaviour are further addressed. For the chromia-forming stainless steel, the oxidation rate is reduced with the increased silicon content but not in a monotonic manner. Titanium and niobium can reduce breakaway oxidation of Fe–18Cr–10Ni austenitic stainless steel. Titanium can enhance the adhesion of scale to the Fe–18Cr by mechanical keying effect of TiO2 formed at the steel/scale interface. For the alumina-forming stainless steel, the formation of alumina and its transformation during oxidation are reviewed. Chromium can be added to reduce the critical aluminium content in the steels in order to form alumina at high temperatures. The addition of reactive elements with appropriate level can improve scale adhesion and reduce the steel oxidation rate. Refractory element like molybdenum can increase strength of material but also accelerate the oxidation rate of the steels containing reactive elements. The development of new alumina-forming austenitic alloy grades is finally described.
Gait-speed and oxygen flow during six-minute walk test predicts mortality in patients with advanced lung disease
Authors: Timofte Irina , Tonelli Adriano , Diaz-Abad Montserrat , Verceles Avelino , Ladikos Nicholas , Iacono Aldo , Terrin Martin L. , Wijesinha Marniker , Akindipe Olufemi , Baz Maher
Published: February 2020

The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a useful tool to predict outcomes in patients with advanced lung diseases. Greater distance walked has been shown to have more favorable prognostic value compared to other recorded variables.  We reviewed the medical records of 164 patients with advanced lung disease who underwent lung transplant evaluation. Results of the 6MWT (distance walked, oxygen required, and mean gait speed) were recorded and analyzed with respect to mortality. 6MWT mean oxygen (O2) flow via nasal cannula was 3.5 ± 3.7 L/min. The distance walked in meters (m) and % predicted were inversely associated with mortality, OR: 0.995 (0.992-0.998) and 0.970 (0.950-0.990), respectively. Patients who walked < 200 meters (OR: 2.1 (1.1-4.0)) or < 45% of predicted, OR: 2.7 (1.2-5.7) had higher mortality. O2 flow during the test had a direct association with mortality (OR: 1.1 (1.0-1.2). In multivariate analysis, O2 flow > 3.5 L/min remained predictive of mortality, OR: 1.1 (1.0-1.2). Mean gait speed was higher in patient who lived compared with patients who died (mean 0.83 ± 0.35 m/mim vs mean 0.69 ± 0.33 m/min, respectively, p= 0.03). Gait speed was a predictor of survival, OR 3.4 (1.1, 10.6). O2 flow during the 6MWT was an independent predictor of mortality in patients with advanced lung disease. The patients that required more than 3.5 L/m of O2 had a higher mortality. Faster gait speed during the 6MWT was also associated with better survival.
Boundedness of Differential Transforms for Heat Semigroups Generated by Schrödinger Operators
Authors: Chao Zhang , Torrea José L.
Published: February 2020

In this paper we analyze the convergence of the following type of series $$\begin{eqnarray}T_{N}^{{\mathcal{L}}}f(x)=\mathop{\sum }_{j=N_{1}}^{N_{2}}v_{j}\big(e^{-a_{j+1}{\mathcal{L}}}f(x)-e^{-a_{j}{\mathcal{L}}}f(x)\big),\quad x\in \mathbb{R}^{n},\end{eqnarray}$$ where ${\{e^{-t{\mathcal{L}}}\}}_{t>0}$ is the heat semigroup of the operator ${\mathcal{L}}=-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}+V$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$ being the classical laplacian, the nonnegative potential $V$ belonging to the reverse Hölder class $RH_{q}$ with $q>n/2$ and $n\geqslant 3$, $N=(N_{1},N_{2})\in \mathbb{Z}^{2}$ with $N_{1}<N_{2}$, ${\{v_{j}\}}_{j\in \mathbb{Z}}$ is a bounded real sequences, and ${\{a_{j}\}}_{j\in \mathbb{Z}}$ is an increasing real sequence.

Our analysis will consist in the boundedness, in $L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ and in $BMO(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, of the operators $T_{N}^{{\mathcal{L}}}$ and its maximal operator $T^{\ast }f(x)=\sup _{N}T_{N}^{{\mathcal{L}}}f(x)$.

It is also shown that the local size of the maximal differential transform operators (with $V=0$) is the same with the order of a singular integral for functions $f$ having local support. Moreover, if ${\{v_{j}\}}_{j\in \mathbb{Z}}\in \ell ^{p}(\mathbb{Z})$, we get an intermediate size between the local size of singular integrals and Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator.
On the rate of convergence of semigroups of holomorphic functions at the Denjoy–Wolff point
Authors: Betsakos Dimitrios , Contreras Manuel D. , Díaz-Madrigal Santiago
Published: February 2020

Let

\{\phi_t\}

be a semigroup of holomorphic self-maps of the unit disc

\mathbb{D}

with Denjoy–Wolff point

\tau\in \partial\mathbb{D}

. We study the rate of convergence of the semigroup to

\tau

, that is, given

z\in \overline{\mathbb{D}}

, we discuss the behavior of

|\phi_{t}(z)-\tau|

as

t

goes to

+\infty

.
Impact of Grain Priming and Silicon Spraying on the Response of Barley to
After Anthesis Drought Stress
Authors: Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim Hossam Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: February 2020

Two field experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of Faculty of Desert and
Environmental Agriculture, Fuka, Matrouh Branch, Alexandria University, Egypt, during two successive
seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effect of seed priming with Ascorbic and Salicylic Acids and
spraying with silicon on drought tolerance of two barley cultivars, Giza 126 and Giza 2000. Six treatment
were used as follows: Seed priming with Ascorbic acid (AA) and irrigation till heading (T1), seed priming
with Salicylic acid (SA) and irrigation till heading (T2), seed priming with distilled water and irrigation till
heading (T3), spraying with silicon and irrigation till heading (T4), dry seeds cultivation and irrigation till
heading (T5) and dry seeds cultivation and all season irrigation (T6). The results indicated that post anthesis
stress decreased grain yield by 17.1 % and 100-grain weight by 11.96 %, as an average of the two seasons.
Hydropriming and osmopriming with salicylic acid, in addition to spraying with silicon, decreased the effect
of drought and barley plants gave comparable grain yield to that of non-stress conditions. Barley cultivar Giza
126 was more tolerant to late drought compared to Giza 2000 cultivar with S values of 0.58 and 1.42, as an
average of the two seasons, respectively.
Monetary economics after the global financial crisis: what has happened to the endogenous money theory?
Authors: Fontana Giuseppe , Realfonzo Riccardo , Passarella Marco Veronese
Published: February 2020

The 2010s have witnessed a new shift in central banking and, partially at least, in monetary economics and macroeconomic modelling. It is a fact that the endogenous money theory has been gradually clawing back popularity at the expense of the classical theory of interest rates, the financial intermediation view of banks, the money-multiplier story and the quantity theory of money. However, the loanable funds theory and the view of banks as pure financial intermediaries (sometimes coupled with the money-multiplier story) are still sometimes invoked. In addition, the dynamic process of creation, circulation and destruction of money is usually neglected. The point is that money endogeneity is still regarded by many mainstream economists as a mere empirical fact, not a key feature of capitalist market-based economies to be properly explained by a logically consistent theory. By contrast, dissenting economists have further advanced the endogenous money view through: (a) a generalised theory of the endogenous process of money creation; (b) the increasing popularity of modern monetary theory in the public debate; and (c) the development of aggregative stock–flow consistent models and agent-based stock–flow consistent models as an alternative to dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models.
Endogenous money, liquidity and monetary reform*
Authors: Dow Sheila
Published: February 2020

Following its revival in the 1980s, the idea of endogenous money became increasingly widely accepted. Indeed the 2008 global financial crisis was widely blamed on the untrammelled power of banks to create credit. As a result, among the ideas for reforming the monetary system are proposals designed to eliminate that power, that is, to make the money supply exogenous. The purpose of this paper is to go back to the theory of endogenous money in order to assess these proposals, in terms of what is desirable, but also crucially what is feasible. Central to this discussion is a consideration of the range of meanings given to money and endogeneity. It is argued that what is regarded as money under different conditions is an important element in money endogeneity, and is particularly relevant for the monetary reform debate.