bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smoking as a prognostic factor for survival in patients with disseminated germ cell cancer
Authors: Bandak Mikkel , Nielsen Kristine Skovly , Kreiberg Michael , Wagner Thomas , Rosenvilde Josephine , Pisinger Charlotta , Johansen Christoffer , Daugaard Gedske , Lauritsen Jakob
Published: February 2023

We investigated the impact of smoking on overall survival (OS) in testicular germ cell cancer (TC) patients receiving first-line combination chemotherapy (bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin [BEP]). Patients who received BEP for metastatic TC were identified in the Danish Testicular Cancer database. Information on smoking status at the time of diagnosis was obtained by medical record review. OS and cause of death were compared between current smokers and never-smokers. Of 1883 eligible patients, information on smoking status was available in 1156 patients, of whom 602 were current smokers. The 10-year OS was 92% in never-smokers compared with 83% in current smokers (P < .001) (hazard ratio for death = 1.85, 95% confidence interval = 1.29 to 2.66, P = .001). A higher proportion of current smokers died of TC compared with nonsmokers (P < .01). Smoking negatively affects survival after BEP in patients with disseminated TC. Vigorous smoking cessation programs are advocated in TC patients.
p27Kip1 V109G as a biomarker for CDK4/6 inhibitors indication in hormone receptor–positive breast cancer
Authors: Mouron Silvana , Bueno Maria J , Muñoz Manuel , Torres Raul , Rodríguez Sandra , Apala Juan V , Silva Jorge , Sánchez-Bayona Rodrigo , Manso Luis , Guerra Juan , Rodriguez-Lajusticia Laura , Malon Diego , Malumbres Marcos , Quintela-Fandino Miguel
Published: February 2023

CDK4/6 inhibitors benefit a minority of patients who receive them in the breast cancer adjuvant setting. p27Kip1 is a protein that inhibits CDK/Cyclin complexes. We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms that impaired p27Kip1 function could render patients refractory to endocrine therapy but responsive to CDK4/6 inhibitors, narrowing the patient subpopulation that requires CDK4/6 inhibitors. We found that the p27Kip1 V109G single-nucleotide polymorphism is homozygous in approximately 15% of hormone-positive breast cancer patients. Polymorphic patients experience rapid failure in response to endocrine monotherapy compared with wild-type or heterozygous patients in the first-line metastatic setting (progression-free survival: 92 vs 485 days, P < .001); when CDK4/6 inhibitors are added, the differences disappear (progression-free survival: 658 vs 761 days, P = .92). As opposed to wild-type p27Kip1, p27Kip1 V109G is unable to suppress the kinase activity of CDK4 in the presence of endocrine inhibitors; however, palbociclib blocks CDK4 kinase activity regardless of the p27Kip1 status. p27Kip1 genotyping could constitute a tool for treatment selection.
Does Enforcement of the Cartel Prohibition in Healthcare Reflect Public and Political Attitudes Towards Competition? A Longitudinal Study From the Netherlands
Authors: van der Schors Wouter , Varkevisser Marco
Published: February 2023

In market-based healthcare systems, due to the high and increasing degree of integration between healthcare providers and purchasers, the enforcement of the cartel prohibition is both important and ever more complex. Competition authorities operate independently, but their approach to enforcement may be influenced by the public and political context. Within the setting of the Dutch healthcare system, we study how the cartel prohibition was enforced between 2004 and 2020 and focus on whether a relationship with public and political attitudes towards competition in healthcare can be observed. Using both qualitative and sentiment analyses, we assessed 38 formal and informal documents issued by the competition authority, 126 written parliamentary questions and almost 1,500 newspaper articles. Our findings reveal that during the first half of the study period (2004–2012), ex-post punitive formal enforcement of violations of the cartel prohibition, such as market-sharing and price-fixing agreements, predominated. During the second half of the study period (2012–2020); however, the competition authority’s focus seems to have shifted toward providing ex-ante informal guidance. We clearly observe negative public and political attitudes towards competition in healthcare as well as a distinct shift in enforcement of the cartel prohibition in Dutch health care. However, we are not able to test for a causal relationship between both observations.
Measuring top income shares in the UK
Authors: Advani Arun , Summers Andy , Tarrant Hannah
Published: February 2023

Information about the share of total income held by the richest 1%, or other top income groups, is increasingly used to discuss inequality levels and trends within and between nations. A top income share is the ratio of the total income held by the top income group divided by total personal income (the ‘income control total’). We compare two approaches to estimating income control totals: the ‘external’ approach used by the World Inequality Database, and an augmented ‘internal’ approach. We argue in favour of the latter, with reference to five desirable properties that a top share series would ideally possess. The choice matters: our augmented ‘internal’ approach yields estimates of the UK top 1% share that are around 2% points higher than the ‘external’ approach.
Missing data patterns in runners’ careers: do they matter?
Authors: Stival Mattia , Bernardi Mauro , Cattelan Manuela , Dellaportas Petros
Published: February 2023

Predicting the future performance of young runners is an important research issue in experimental sports science and performance analysis. We analyse a dataset with annual seasonal best performances of male middle distance runners for a period of 14 years and provide a modelling framework that accounts for both the fact that each runner has typically run in 3 distance events (800, 1,500, and 5,000 m) and the presence of periods of no running activities. We propose a latent class matrix-variate state space model and we empirically demonstrate that accounting for missing data patterns in runners’ careers improves the out of sample prediction of their performances over time. In particular, we demonstrate that for this analysis, the missing data patterns provide valuable information for the prediction of runner’s performance.
Sexual function remains persistently low in women after treatment for colorectal cancer and anal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Savoie Marissa B , Paciorek Alan , Van Loon Katherine , Anwar Mekhail , Atreya Chloe E , Johnson P Connor , Kenfield Stacey A , Laffan Angela , Levin Anna O , Smith James F , Stanfield Dalila , Venook Alan , Zhang Li , Van Blarigan Erin L , Rowen Tami
Published: February 2023

Background

Women diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) or anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) are at high risk of sexual dysfunction after treatment, yet little is known about recovery and risk factors for chronic dysfunction.

Aim

We aimed to describe sexual function and sexual activity among women who underwent definitive treatment for CRC or ASCC, examine relationships between time since treatment completion and sexual function, and explore factors associated with desire and changes in sexual desire over time.

Methods

As part of a prospective cohort study of patients with gastrointestinal cancer at the University of California San Francisco, female-identifying participants who finished definitive treatment for CRC or ASCC completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) at 6- to 12-month intervals. We used multivariable linear mixed models to explore factors associated with the FSFI desire subscale.

Outcomes

Outcomes were rates of sexual activity, proportion at risk for sexual dysfunction (FSFI score <26.55), total FSFI score, and FSFI desire subscale.

Results

Among the 97 cancer survivors who completed at least 1 FSFI, the median age was 59 years, the median time since treatment end was 14 months, and 87% were menopausal. Fifty-five women (57%) had a history of colon cancer; 21 (22%), rectal cancer; and 21 (22%), ASCC. An additional 13 (13%) had a current ostomy. Approximately half the women were sexually active (n = 48, 49%). Among these 48 sexually active women, 34 (71%) had FSFI scores indicating risk for sexual dysfunction. Among the 10 sexually active women who completed a FSFI ≥2 years since end of treatment, the median total score was 22.6 (IQR, 15.6-27.3). None of the evaluated characteristics were associated with desire (age, tumor site, treatment, menopause status, or ostomy status).

Clinical Implications

Consistent with prior studies, we found low desire scores after treatment for CRC or ASCC, with little recovery over time, suggesting that patients should not expect an eventual rebound of sexual function.

Strengths and Limitations

Strengths of our study include longitudinal data and use of the validated FSFI. Women with ASCC composed 22% of our cohort, allowing for insight into this rare disease group. Limitations of this study include the small sample size, particularly for longitudinal analyses, and the enrollment of patients at variable times since treatment end.

Conclusion

We observed a high prevalence of sexual health concerns, including low desire, after the treatment of CRC and ASCC that persisted for years after treatment was completed.
Relationship between sexual and bladder dysfunction in women consuming ketamine
Authors: Jong Bor-En , Chang Shang-Jen , Li Chia-Hua , Yang Stephen Shei-Dei
Published: February 2023

Background

Although ketamine has become the second most popular recreational drug in Taiwan, there have been very few reported studies that investigated female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in ketamine abusers (KAs).

Aims

We sought to compare the difference between street and hospital KAs and explored the risk factors for FSD and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in KAs.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, female KAs aged 18 years or older were invited to complete anonymous questionnaires during an educational course provided by the departments of substance control and prevention of the local government or under the instruction of medical providers at a urology clinic. Data were reported as median (IQR) and OR and analyzed with commercial statistical software.

Outcomes

Key outcome measurements were illicit drug use history, FSD symptoms, and LUTS severity.

Results

We included 139 women (104 street and 35 hospital KAs) with a median age of 27.08 years. FSD was reported in 76% of all the participants (street vs hospital KAs, 68% vs 97%, P < 0.001). LUTS (Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index [ICSI] + Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index [ICPI] ≥12) was found to be a significant risk factor for FSD in KAs. More hospital KAs (71%) reported experiencing LUTS (ICSI + ICPI ≥12) than street KAs (8%, P < 0.001). Longer duration of ketamine use (≥36 months) and mild to severe psychological symptoms (5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale [BSRS-5] ≥6) were significant risk factors for LUTS.

Clinical Implications

Sexual problems among KAs should not be overlooked since more severe sexual dysfunction was observed in patients reporting LUTS.

Strengths and Limitations

To our knowledge, the present study is the largest study using validated and reliable questionnaires to examine FSD in KAs and also the first study to include street KAs. The main limitation of this study is using self-report questionnaires as they are subjective and susceptible to human errors and recall biases.

Conclusions

Women who abused ketamine and reported experiencing LUTS were found to be more likely to have FSD.
Deontic meta-rules
Authors: Olivieri Francesco , Governatori Guido , Cristani Matteo , Rotolo Antonino , Sattar Abdul
Published: February 2023

The use of meta-rules in logic, i.e., rules whose content includes other rules, has recently gained attention in the setting of non-monotonic reasoning: a first logical formalisation and efficient algorithms to compute the (meta)-extensions of such theories were proposed in Olivieri et al. (2021, Computing defeasible meta-logic. In JELIA 2021, LNCS, vol. 12678, pp. 69–84. Springer.). This work extends such a logical framework by considering the deontic aspect. The resulting logic will not just be able to model policies but also tackle well-known aspects that occur in numerous legal systems. The use of Defeasible Logic to model meta-rules in the application area we just alluded to has been investigated. Within this line of research, the study mentioned above was not focusing on the general computational properties of meta-rules.

This study fills this gap with two major contributions. First, we introduce and formalise two variants of Defeasible Deontic Logic (DDL) with meta-rules to represent (i) defeasible meta-theories with deontic modalities and (ii) two different types of conflicts among rules: Simple Conflict DDL and Cautious Conflict DDL. Second, we advance efficient algorithms to compute the extensions for both variants.
Epidemiology ofSaccharomycesfungemia: A systematic review
Authors: Vinayagamoorthy Kalaiselvi , Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Prakash Hariprasath
Published: February 2023

Fungemia due to Saccharomyces species is reported in considerable numbers, and the increase is attributed to using Saccharomyces boulardii probiotics in clinical settings. The present systematic review addresses the underlying diseases and risk factors in Saccharomyces fungemia patients, along with the treatment and outcome of the disease. The MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched systematically with appropriate keywords from June 2005 to March 2022. This review identified 117 Saccharomyces fungemia cases; 108 cases were included in the analysis. Saccharomyces fungemia is commonly seen in patients treated with S. boulardii probiotics (n = 73, 67.6%), and 35 (32.4%) patients did not receive probiotic therapy. The underlying disease and risk factors significantly associated with S. boulardii probiotic-associated fungemia were intensive care unit stay (n = 34, 31.5%), total parenteral nutrition or enteral feeding (n = 32, 29.6%), patients with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea (n = 23, 21.3%), and diabetes mellitus (n = 14, 13.0%). In patients without probiotic therapy, immunosuppression (n = 14, 13.0%), gastrointestinal surgery (n = 5, 4.6%), and intravenous drug use (n = 5, 4.6%) were the significant risk factors for Saccharomyces fungemia. The all-cause mortality rate of the total cohort is 36.1%. No significant variation in the mortality rate is observed between S. boulardii probiotic treated patients (n = 29, 26.9%) and patients without probiotic therapy (n = 10, 9.3%). In conclusion, S. boulardii probiotic therapy in debilitated critical care patients may have contributed to increased Saccharomyces fungemia cases. Further, clinicians should be vigilant in preventing S. boulardii fungemia in patients with prophylactic probiotic therapy.
Aspects related to biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility of clinically relevant yeasts of the genusTrichosporon
Authors: Lara Bruna Rossini , de Camargo Bruno Braidotti , Paula Claudete Rodrigues , Monari Gabrielle Pires de Morais , Garces Hans Garcia , Arnoni Mariana Volpe , Silveira Mônica , Gimenes Viviane Mazo Fávero , Leite Junior Diniz Pereira , Bonfietti Lucas Xavier , Oliveira Lidiane , Melhem Márcia de Souza Carvalho , Auler Marcos , Ramos Regina Teixeira Barbieri , Dias Amanda Latercia Tranches , Silva Naiara Chaves , Moreira Débora , Richini-Pereira Virgínia Bodelão , Anversa Laís , Ruiz Luciana da Silva
Published: February 2023

Trichosporonosis corresponds to a systemic fungal disease that leads to high mortality rates and is frequently associated with medical devices. It affects immunosuppressed patients in particular and is strongly linked to acquired human immunodeficiency, organ and tissue transplants, and malignant hematologic diseases such as leukemia and lymphomas. Trichosporon infections have been increasingly reported worldwide; however, little information is available either about their characteristics or the causative microorganism. Thus, the aims of the present study were: to investigate 59 yeasts of the genus Trichosporon by verifying the biofilm formation capacity of isolates; to analyze the susceptibility patterns of planktonic cells against the antifungals fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin-B, voriconazole, and caspofungin by comparing European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) broth microdilution technique with the commercial method Etest; and to assess the susceptibility patterns of biofilm cells (sessile) against the same antifungals through broth microdilution. The ability to form biofilm on the surface of polystyrene plates was noted for all isolates, and 54.3% of samples were considered strong producers. Comparison between the antifungal susceptibility techniques evidenced that Etest showed higher and discordant minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from those obtained by the microdilution method, especially for fluconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin. Considering the susceptibility of biofilms, most species had high MIC50 and MIC90 against the tested antifungals, showing 4-to-66-fold higher concentrations for amphotericin B and 2-to-33-fold greater concentrations for caspofungin. These results highlight the importance of further studies with Trichosporon spp. for comparison between laboratory findings and in vivo response, considering both the susceptibility tests and the behavior of biofilm cells against drugs.
Configuration of the global magnetic field in AGN parsec-scale jets
Authors: Butuzova Marina S , Pushkarev Alexander B
Published: February 2023

The magnetic field plays a significant role in the phenomenon of highly collimated jets of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Relativistic effects prevent the direct reconstruction of the magnetic field direction as transverse to electric vectors on radio maps. We determined the topology of the B-field by modelling the transverse distributions of the total and linearly polarized intensity, polarization degree, and deviation of the polarization direction from the local jet axis and by further comparison with observational data. We consider (i) a helical field with a different twist angle and (ii) a toroidal field on the jet axis surrounded by a sheath with a longitudinal field. In the latter scenario, we consider different sheath thickness relative to the spine. We assumed the sheath velocity is equal to or less than that of the spine. The relativistic effects have been considered for a general case, under which the axis and velocity vector of the jet and radial directions do not coincide. Our simulations reproduce the main features of the observed transverse profiles of polarization characteristics in parsec-scale AGN jets. The model transverse distribution shapes of the polarization properties are found to be strongly influenced by kinematic and geometric parameters of an outflow. We demonstrated it for three AGNs having different but typical polarization patterns revealed on radio maps. For each of these objects, we identified the model parameters that provide a qualitative correspondence of theoretical profiles with those obtained from observations, indicating that the B-field is strongly ordered on parsec scales.
Late growth of early-type galaxies in low-z massive clusters
Authors: Ribeiro A L B , Nascimento R S , Morell D F , Lopes P A A , Dantas C C , Fonseca M H S
Published: February 2023

We study a sample of 936 early-type galaxies (ETGs) located in 48 low-z regular galaxy clusters with M200 ≥ 1014 M⊙ at z < 0.1. We examine variations in the concentration index, radius, and colour gradient of ETGs as a function of their stellar mass and loci in the projected phase space (PPS) of the clusters. We aim to understand the environmental influence on the growth of ETGs according to the time since infall into their host clusters. Our analysis indicates a significant change in the behaviour of the concentration index C and colour gradient around $M_{\ast } \approx 2\times 10^{11} ~M_\odot \equiv \tilde{M}_{\ast }$. Objects less massive than $\tilde{M}_{\ast }$ present a slight growth of C with M*, with negative and approximately constant colour gradients in all regions of the PPS. Objects more massive than $\tilde{M}_{\ast }$ present a slight decrease of C with M*, with colour gradients becoming less negative and approaching zero. We also find that objects more massive than $\tilde{M}_{\ast }$, in all PPS regions, have smaller R90 for a given R50, suggesting a smaller external growth in these objects or even a shrinkage possibly due to tidal stripping. Finally, we estimate different dark matter fractions for galaxies in different regions of the PPS, with the ancient satellites having the largest fractions, fDM ≈ 65 per cent. These results favour a scenario where cluster ETGs experience environmental influence the longer they remain and the deeper into the gravitational potential they lie, indicating a combination of tidal stripping + harassment, which predominate during infall, followed by mergers + feedback effects affecting the late growth of ancient satellites and BCGs.
Characterizing the intracluster light over the redshift range 0.2 < z < 0.8 in the DES-ACT overlap
Authors: Golden-Marx Jesse B , Zhang Y , Ogando R L C , Allam S , Tucker D L , Miller C J , Hilton M , Mutlu-Pakdil B , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Alves O , Andrade-Oliveira F , Annis J , Bacon D , Bertin E , Bocquet S , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Castander F J , Conselice C , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , De Vicente J , Desai S , Doel P , Everett S , Ferrero I , Flaugher B , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lahav O , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Mena-Fernández J , Miquel R , Mohr J J , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Prat J , Raveri M , Rodriguez-Monroy M , Romer A K , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Sifón C , Smith M , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Vincenzi M , Weaverdyck N , Yanny B ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: February 2023

We characterize the properties and evolution of bright central galaxies (BCGs) and the surrounding intracluster light (ICL) in galaxy clusters identified in the Dark Energy Survey and Atacama Cosmology Telescope Survey (DES-ACT) overlapping regions, covering the redshift range 0.20 < z < 0.80. Over this redshift range, we measure no change in the ICL’s stellar content (between 50 and 300 kpc) in clusters with log10(M200m,SZ/M⊙) >14.4. We also measure the stellar mass–halo mass (SMHM) relation for the BCG+ICL system and find that the slope, β, which characterizes the dependence of M200m,SZ on the BCG+ICL stellar mass, increases with radius. The outskirts are more strongly correlated with the halo than the core, which supports that the BCG+ICL system follows a two-phase growth, where recent growth (z < 2) occurs beyond the BCG’s core. Additionally, we compare our observed SMHM relation results to the IllustrisTNG300-1 cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and find moderate qualitative agreement in the amount of diffuse light. However, the SMHM relation’s slope is steeper in TNG300-1 and the intrinsic scatter is lower, likely from the absence of projection effects in TNG300-1. Additionally, we find that the ICL exhibits a colour gradient such that the outskirts are bluer than the core. Moreover, for the lower halo mass clusters (log10(M200m,SZ/M⊙) < 14.59), we detect a modest change in the colour gradient’s slope with lookback time, which combined with the absence of stellar mass growth may suggest that lower mass clusters have been involved in growth via tidal stripping more recently than their higher mass counterparts.
The VST ATLAS quasar survey I: Catalogue of photometrically selected quasar candidates
Authors: Eltvedt Alice M , Shanks T , Metcalfe N , Ansarinejad B , Barrientos L F , Sharp R , Malik U , Murphy D N A , Irwin M , Wilson M , Alexander D M , Kovacs Andras , Garcia-Bellido Juan , Ahlen Steven , Brooks David , de la Macorra Axel , Font-Ribera Andreu , Gontcho a Gontcho Satya , Honscheid Klaus , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Nie Jundan , Tarlé Gregory , Vargas-Magaña Mariana , Zhou Zhimin
Published: February 2023

We present the VST ATLAS Quasar Survey, consisting of ∼1229 000 quasar (QSO) candidates with 16 < g < 22.5 over ∼4700 deg2. The catalogue is based on VST ATLAS+NEOWISE imaging surveys and aims to reach a QSO sky density of 130 deg−2 for $z$ < 2.2 and ∼30 deg−2 for $z$ > 2.2. To guide our selection, we use X-ray/UV/optical/MIR data in the extended William Herschel Deep Field (WHDF) where we find a g < 22.5 broad-line QSO density of 269 ± 67 deg−2, roughly consistent with the expected ∼196 deg−2. We find that ∼25 per cent of our QSOs are morphologically classed as optically extended. Overall, we find that in these deep data, MIR, UV, and X-ray selections are ∼70–90 per cent complete while X-ray suffers less contamination than MIR and UV. MIR is however more sensitive than X-ray or UV to $z$ > 2.2 QSOs at g < 22.5 and the $S_X(0.5-10\, {\rm keV})\gt 1\times 10^{-14}$ ergs cm−2 s−1 limit of eROSITA. We adjust the selection criteria from our previous 2QDES pilot survey and prioritize VST ATLAS candidates that show both UV and MIR excess, also selecting candidates initially classified as extended. We test our selections using data from DESI (which will be released in DR1) and 2dF to estimate the efficiency and completeness, and we use ANNz2 to determine photometric redshifts. Applying over the ∼4700 deg2 ATLAS area gives us $\sim 917\,000\, z\lt 2.2$ QSO candidates of which 472 000 are likely to be $z$ < 2.2 QSOs, implying a sky density of ∼100 deg−2, which our WHDF analysis suggests will rise to at least 130 deg−2 when eROSITA X-ray candidates are included. At $z$ > 2.2, we find ∼310() 000 candidates, of which 169 000 are likely to be QSOs for a sky density of ∼36 deg−2.
Origin of multiwavelength emission from flaring high redshift blazar PKS 0537−286
Authors: Sahakyan N , Harutyunyan G , Israyelyan D
Published: February 2023

The high redhsift blazars powered by supermassive black holes with masses exceeding 109 M⊙ have the highest jet power and luminosity and are important probes to test the physics of relativistic jets at the early epochs of the Universe. We present a multifrequency spectral and temporal study of high redshift blazar PKS 0537−286 by analysing data from Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR Swift XRT, and UVOT. Although the time averaged γ-ray spectrum of the source is relatively soft (indicating the high-energy emission peak is below the GeV range), several prominent flares were observed when the spectrum hardened and the luminosity increased above 1049 erg s−1. The X-ray emission of the source varies in different observations and is characterized by a hard spectrum ≤1.38 with a luminosity of >1047 erg s−1. The broad-band spectral energy distribution in the quiescent and flaring periods was modelled within a one-zone leptonic scenario assuming different locations of the emission region and considering both internal (synchrotron radiation) and external (from the disc, broad-line region, and dusty torus) photon fields for the inverse Compton scattering. The modelling shows that the most optimistic scenario, from the energy requirement point of view, is when the jet energy dissipation occurs within the broad-line region. The comparison of the model parameters obtained for the quiescent and flaring periods suggests that the flaring activities are most likely caused by the hardening of the emitting electron spectral index and shifting of the cut-off energy to higher values.
Weak-lensing peak statistics – steepness versus height
Authors: Li Ziwei , Liu Xiangkun , Fan Zuhui
Published: February 2023

In weak-lensing cosmological studies, peak statistics is sensitive to non-linear structures and thus complementary to cosmic shear two-point correlations. In this paper, we explore a new approach, namely, the peak steepness statistics, with the overall goal to understand the cosmological information embedded there in comparison with the commonly used peak height statistics. We perform the analyses with ray-tracing simulations considering different sets of cosmological parameters Ωm and σ8. A theoretical model to calculate the abundance of high peaks based on steepness is also presented, which can well describe the main trend of the peak distribution from simulations. We employ Δχ2 and Fisher analyses to study the cosmological dependence of the two peak statistics using our limited sets of simulations as well as our theoretical model. Within our considerations without including potential systematic effects, the results show that the steepness statistics tends to have higher sensitivities to the cosmological parameters than the peak height statistics and this advantage is diluted with the increase of the shape noise. Using the theoretical model, we investigate the physical reasons accounting for the different cosmological information embedded in the two statistics. Our analyses indicate that the projection effect from large-scale structures plays an important role to enhance the gain from the steepness statistics. The redshift and cosmology dependence of dark matter halo density profiles also contributes to the differences between the two statistics.
The afterglow of GRB 070707 and a possible kilonova component
Authors: Zhu Yi-Ming , Zhou Hao , Wang Yun , Liao Neng-Hui , Jin Zhi-Ping , Wei Da-Ming
Published: February 2023

GRB 070707 was the first short gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected by INTEGRAL and the optical afterglow was attributed to the prolonged activity of the central engine in the literature. Here, we reanalyse the afterglow data and examine the physical origin of the emission. The redshift of this burst is uncertain and in this work we assume an association with a galaxy at the redshift of 0.2394 for a chance coincidence probability Pcc = 0.046. It is found that the sole forward shock radiation cannot well reproduce the data, while including a kilonova component similar to AT2017gfo is very helpful in reproducing the multiwavelength afterglow emission. The properties of the candidate host galaxy have been studied in detail; its high metallicity, low star formation rate, and old stellar population age are similar to the host galaxies of other GRBs associated with kilonovae. In view of the facts that a kilonova signal was identified in the first short GRB with detected optical emission (i.e. GRB 050709) and the first short GRB with gravitational wave detection (i.e. GRB 170817A), and now the identification of a kilonova signature in the first INTEGRAL short GRB strongly indicates that kilonovae are rather common among the neutron star merger events.
S5: Probing the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds potentials with the 6D map of the Orphan–Chenab stream
Authors: Koposov Sergey E , Erkal Denis , Li Ting S , Da Costa Gary S , Cullinane Lara R , Ji Alexander P , Kuehn Kyler , Lewis Geraint F , Pace Andrew B , Shipp Nora , Zucker Daniel B , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Lilleengen Sophia , Martell Sarah L ,   (S5 Collaboration)
Published: February 2023

We present a 6D map of the Orphan–Chenab (OC) stream by combining the data from Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5) and Gaia. We reconstruct the proper motion, radial velocity, distance, on-sky track, and stellar density along the stream with spline models. The stream has a total luminosity of MV = −8.2 and metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.9, similar to classical Milky Way (MW) satellites like Draco. The stream shows drastic changes in its physical width varying from 200 pc to 1 kpc, but a constant line-of-sight velocity dispersion of 5 $\mathrm{km\, s^{-1}}$. Despite the large apparent variation in the stellar number density along the stream, the flow rate of stars along the stream is remarkably constant. We model the 6D stream track by a Lagrange-point stripping method with a flexible MW potential in the presence of a moving extended Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This allows us to constrain the mass profile of the MW within the distance range 15.6 < r < 55.5 kpc, with the best measured enclosed mass of $(2.85\pm 0.1)\times 10^{11}\, \mathrm{\, M_\odot }$ within 32.4 kpc. Our stream measurements are highly sensitive to the LMC mass profile with the most precise measurement of its enclosed mass made at 32.8 kpc, $(7.02\pm 0.9)\times 10^{10}\, {\rm M}_\odot$. We also detect that the LMC dark matter halo extends to at least 53 kpc. The fitting of the OC stream allows us to constrain the past LMC trajectory and the degree of dynamical friction it experienced. We demonstrate that the stars in the OC stream show large energy and angular momentum spreads caused by LMC perturbation.
Evidence for coherent curvature radiation in PSR J1645−0317 with disordered distribution of polarization position angle
Authors: Mitra Dipanjan , Melikidze George I , Basu Rahul
Published: February 2023

The diverse polarization properties in pulsars are in conflict with applying a unique emission mechanism to the population. The polarization position angle (PPA) traverse in most pulsars shows an S-shaped curve that can be interpreted using the rotating vector model (RVM) as the radio emission being directed either parallel or perpendicular to the divergent magnetic field lines and argues for a coherent curvature radiation mechanism from charge bunches in a strongly magnetized pair plasma. However, in a subset of pulsars the radio emission is significantly depolarized and the PPA shows a complex pattern which cannot be explained using RVM. We propose that even in such cases the highly polarized time samples in the single pulses should follow the RVM with possibly two parallel tracks separated by 90°. We have investigated PSR J1645−0317, with complex PPA traverse, and showed new evidence that considering only the highly polarized time samples in the single pulses, the PPA distribution clearly follows the RVM. We conclude that this strongly favours the coherent curvature radiation mechanism to be universally applicable in the pulsar population.
Multi-omics Investigation of Freeze Tolerance in the Amur Sleeper, an Aquatic Ectothermic Vertebrate
Authors: Jiang Haifeng , Lv Wenqi , Wang Ying , Qian Yuting , Wang Cheng , Sun Ning , Fang Chengchi , Irwin David M , Gan Xiaoni , He Shunping , Yang Liandong
Published: February 2023

Freeze tolerance, the ability of an organism to survive internal ice formation, is a striking survival strategy employed by some ectotherms living in cold environments. However, the genetic bases of this remarkable adaptation are largely unknown. The Amur sleeper (Perccottus glenii), the only known freeze-tolerant fish species, can overwinter with its entire body frozen in ice. Here, we sequenced the chromosome-level genome of the Amur sleeper and performed comparative genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to investigate its strategies for surviving freezing. Evolutionary analysis suggested that the Amur sleeper diverged from its closest non-cold-hardy relative about 15.07 million years ago and has experienced a high rate of protein evolution. Transcriptomic and metabolomic data identified a coordinated and tissue-specific regulation of genes and metabolites involved in hypometabolism, cellular stress response, and cryoprotectant accumulation involved in freezing and thawing. Several genes show evidence of accelerated protein sequence evolution or family size expansion were found as adaptive responses to freezing-induced stresses. Specifically, genetic changes associated with cytoskeleton stability, cryoprotectant synthesis, transmembrane transport, and neuroprotective adaptations were identified as potentially key innovations that aid in freezing survival. Our work provides valuable resources and opportunities to unveil the molecular adaptations supporting freeze tolerance in ectothermic vertebrates.
Calcium isotopes as a biomarker for vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dosseto Anthony , Lambert Kelly , Cheikh Hassan Hicham I , Fuller Andrew , Borst Addison , Dux Florian , Lonergan Maureen , Tacail Theo
Published: February 2023

Calcium balance is abnormal in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with the development of vascular calcification. It is currently not routine to screen for vascular calcification in CKD patients. In this cross-sectional study, we investigate whether the ratio of naturally occurring calcium (Ca) isotopes, 44Ca and 42Ca, in serum could be used as a noninvasive marker of vascular calcification in CKD.

We recruited 78 participants from a tertiary hospital renal center: 28 controls, 9 subjects with mild–moderate CKD, 22 undertaking dialysis and 19 who received a kidney transplant. For each participant, systolic blood pressure, ankle brachial index, pulse wave velocity, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were measured, along with serum markers. Calcium concentrations and isotope ratios were measured in urine and serum. While we found no significant association between urine Ca isotope composition (noted δ44/42Ca) between the different groups, δ44/42Ca values in serum were significantly different between healthy controls, subjects with mild–moderate CKD and those undertaking dialysis (P < 0.01). Receiver operative characteristic curve analysis shows that the diagnostic utility of serum δ44/42Ca for detecting medial artery calcification is very good (AUC = 0.818, sensitivity 81.8% and specificity 77.3%, P < 0.01), and performs better than existing biomarkers. Although our results will need to be verified in prospective studies across different institutions, serum δ44/42Ca has the potential to be used as an early screening test for vascular calcification.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of preoperative interventions to support the maturation of arteriovenous fistulae in patients with advanced kidney disease
Authors: Ramanarayanan Sivaramakrishnan , Sharma Shivani , Swift Oscar , Laws Keith R , Umar Hamza , Farrington Ken
Published: February 2023

Background

There is great potential to improve outcomes of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) by focusing more on the preoperative period of AVF creation. We aim to systematically review the evidence on safety and efficacy of various preoperative interventions that have been tried to improve AVF maturation and success rate.

Methods

We searched five databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and King's Fund Library. Experimental studies that investigated the effect of various preoperative interventions to improve AVF outcomes among advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were searched. The effect size for primary outcome was calculated as the weighted mean difference in the final vessel calibre, rate of AVF maturation or primary failure between the intervention and control arm. We also assessed adverse effects and dropout rates. This review was preregistered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020193257).

Results

Eight eligible studies were identified involving three types of intervention: hand exercise (n = 6), cholecalciferol supplementation (n = 1) and pneumatic compression of the arm using a Fist Assist device (n = 1). The overall effect size of hand exercise on distal cephalic vein calibre was 0.24 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03–0.45] on meta-analysis of hand exercise studies. On restricting analysis to two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that had independent control groups, the effect size was higher, at 0.29 mm (95% CI 0.11–0.47). Hand exercise was a well-tolerated intervention, especially when confined to the first 4 weeks.

Discussion

Hand exercise is the predominant intervention tried in the preoperative period of AVF creation, although there is methodological heterogeneity. Intermittent pneumatic compression using a Fist Assist device is a novel intervention that has shown some promise. Well-designed prospective RCTs are needed on preoperative interventions among advanced CKD patients, aimed at improving AVF outcomes.
Absence of Malaria-Associated Coagulopathy in AsymptomaticPlasmodium falciparumInfection: Results From a Cross-sectional Study in the Ashanti Region, Ghana
Authors: Rolling Christina Charlotte , Phillips Richard O , Abass Kabiru Mohammed , Ken Adu Poku Joseph , Osei-Mireku Samuel , Osei-Wusu Bright , Thompson William , Vinnemeier Christof D , Huebl Lena , Langer Florian , Francke Paul , Kuta Piotr , Konrath Sandra , Renné Thomas , Tannich Egbert , Rolling Thierry , Heinemann Melina
Published: February 2023

Background

Coagulopathy is common in acute symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and the degree of coagulation abnormality correlates with parasitemia and disease severity. Chronic asymptomatic malaria has been associated with increased morbidity. However, the role of coagulation activation in asymptomatic, semi-immune individuals remains unclear. This study investigates the potential effect of asymptomatic P falciparum infection on coagulation activation in semi-immune Ghanaian adults.

Methods

Blood from asymptomatic Ghanaian adults with P falciparum blood stage infection detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or by both PCR and rapid diagnostic test and from noninfected individuals, was investigated. Markers of coagulation activation including global coagulation tests, D-dimer, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor antigen were tested. Furthermore, blood count, inflammation markers, and liver and kidney function tests were assessed.

Results

Acquired coagulopathy was not found in asymptomatic P falciparum infection. Asymptomatic malaria was associated with significantly lower platelet counts. Systemic inflammation markers and liver and kidney function tests were not altered compared to noninfected controls.

Conclusions

There is no laboratory evidence for acquired coagulopathy in adults with asymptomatic P falciparum malaria in highly endemic regions. Lack of laboratory evidence for systemic inflammation and liver and kidney dysfunction indicates that asymptomatic malaria may not be associated with significant morbidity.
A High Viral Load in Urine Correlates With Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients With Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Noninvasive and Convenient Prognostic Marker
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhao Jie , Dai Yan , Jiang Zhengyi , Chen Tianyan , Hu Nannan , Jin Ke , Li Jun
Published: February 2023

Background

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with an extensive geographical distribution and high mortality rate. To date, the role of SFTS virus (SFTSV) in urine is still elusive. We aimed to explore the relationship between urinary bunyavirus and acute kidney injury (AKI) and mortality in patients with SFTS.

Methods

Urine samples were collected from 102 patients to quantify SFTSV load in urine (U-SFTSV). Patient renal function was evaluated on admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the predictive value of U-SFTSV. Viral infectivity assays in Vero cells were performed from 10 urine samples.

Results

The U-SFTSV level was positively correlated with SFTSV load in plasma (r = 0.624) and indicators of renal damage. The U-SFTSV level was identified as an independent risk factor for SFTS-associated AKI (odds ratio, 3.631; P = .019). The U-SFTSV showed great value in predicting the fatal outcome of SFTS patients with high area under curve (0.881). The Kaplan-Meier survival comparison showed that patients with U-SFTSV levels greater than 6379 copies/mL were at a higher risk of death within 28 days after onset. In addition, 4 urine samples with high U-SFTSV levels were infectious.

Conclusions

Our large cohort study identified that the U-SFTSV level is a novel convenient and noninvasive predictive biomarker for incidence of AKI and poor outcome of patients with SFTS. Urine specimens could be a source of SFTSV infection in humans.
Use of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Tests by US Infectious Disease Physicians: Results of an Emerging Infections Network Survey, March 2022
Authors: Gundlapalli Adi V , Beekmann Susan E , Jones Jefferson M , Thornburg Natalie J , Clarke Kristie E N , Uyeki Timothy M , Satheshkumar Panayampalli S , Carroll Darin S , Plumb Ian D , Briggs-Hagen Melissa , Santibañez Scott , David-Ferdon Corinne , Polgreen Philip M , McDonald L Clifford
Published: February 2023

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody tests have had limited recommended clinical application during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To inform clinical practice, an understanding is needed of current perspectives of United States–based infectious disease (ID) physicians on the use, interpretation, and need for SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests.

Methods

In March 2022, members of the Emerging Infections Network (EIN), a national network of practicing ID physicians, were surveyed on types of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays ordered, interpretation of test results, and clinical scenarios for which antibody tests were considered.

Results

Of 1867 active EIN members, 747 (40%) responded. Among the 583 who managed or consulted on COVID-19 patients, a majority (434/583 [75%]) had ordered SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests and were comfortable interpreting positive (452/578 [78%]) and negative (405/562 [72%]) results. Antibody tests were used for diagnosing post–COVID-19 conditions (61%), identifying prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (60%), and differentiating prior infection and response to COVID-19 vaccination (37%). Less than a third of respondents had used antibody tests to assess need for additional vaccines or risk stratification. Lack of sufficient evidence for use and nonstandardized assays were among the most common barriers for ordering tests. Respondents indicated that statements from professional societies and government agencies would influence their decision to order SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests for clinical decision making.

Conclusions

Practicing ID physicians are using SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests, and there is an unmet need for clarifying the appropriate use of these tests in clinical practice. Professional societies and US government agencies can support clinicians in the community through the creation of appropriate guidance.
Sentience and Intrinsic Worth as a Pluralist Foundation for Fundamental Animal Rights
Authors: Kotzmann Jane
Published: February 2023

To date, welfare protections have failed animals. In this context, many animal advocates and scholars have supported recognition of animal rights. Animal rights theory, however, remains underdeveloped. This article contributes to the development of animal rights theory and, in this respect, proposes the utilisation of sentience and intrinsic worth concepts as a pluralist foundation for prospective animal rights. Sentience and intrinsic worth as a conceptual underpinning for animal rights hold clear benefits in that (i) the concepts are already embedded in many legal systems, (ii) sentience would enable the development of animal rights to be built on the established interest theory of rights, and (iii) sentience directly links to the justification of rights as being primarily concerned with the prevention of pain and suffering.