bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recognizing and Resisting Ableist Language in Schools: Suggestions for School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists and Related Professionals
Authors: Bottema-Beutel Kristen , Sasson Noah J. , McKinnon Rachael , Braun Caroline , Guo Ruoxi , Hand Brittany N. , Kapp Steven K. , Espinas Daniel R. , Bailin Aiyana , Lester Jessica Nina , Yu Betty
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

The language that school professionals use to describe disabled students can reveal and perpetuate ableist assumptions. Professionals' language choices can also challenge ableist attitudes to help create more inclusive, equitable learning environments. This tutorial seeks to guide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and other school professionals to identify ableist language, understand the ableist ideologies that such language reveals, and develop strategies to implement ways of communicating with and about disabled students that align with an anti-ableist stance. We offer a brief description of ableism in schools, describe models of disability and their varying alignments toward ableist ideologies, and identify ways in which language can reflect and perpetuate ableism. Using Individualized Education Program goals as an example, we examine the ways in which ableist language can manifest in school practices. Finally, we provide suggestions to guide SLPs and other school professionals to examine and change their language to better align with an anti-ableist stance.

Conclusions:

School professionals' language use is not neutral and may reveal and maintain ableist assumptions about disability and disabled students. While dismantling ableism requires systemic change, we suggest that individual professionals can use language in ways that resist ableism and powerfully impact their students' educational experiences.
Grey‐box modelling for estimation of optimum cut point temperature of crude distillation column
Authors: Shahzad Junaid , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ahsan Muhammad , Ahmad Farooq , Saghir Husnain , Kano Manabu , Caliskan Hakan , Hong Hiki
Published: October 2024

A grey‐box modelling framework was developed for the estimation of cut point temperature of a crude distillation unit (CDU) under uncertainty in crude composition and process conditions. First principle (FP) model of CDU was developed for Pakistani crudes from Zamzama and Kunnar fields. A hybrid methodology based on the integration of Taguchi method and genetic algorithm (GA) was employed to estimate the optimal cut point temperature for various sets of process variables. Optimised datasets were utilised to develop an artificial neural networks (ANN) model for the prediction of optimum values of cut points. The ANN model was then used to replace the hybrid framework of the Taguchi method and the GA. The integration of the ANN and FP model makes it a grey‐box (GB) model. For the case of Zamama crude, the GB model helped in the decrease of up to 38.93% in energy required per kilo barrel of diesel and an 8.2% increase in diesel production compared to the stand‐alone FP model under uncertainty. Similarly, for Kunnar crude, up to 18.87% decrease in energy required per kilo barrel of diesel and a 33.96% increase in diesel production was observed in comparison to the stand‐alone FP model.
A fused score computation approach to reflect the overlap between the predicted box and the ground truth in pedestrian detection
Authors: Chen Zefei , Lin Yongjie , Xu Jianmin , Lu Kai , Huang Zihao
Published: October 2024

In pedestrian detection task, numerous predicted boxes and their corresponding scores are generated and these scores are used to filter these predicted boxes by non‐maximum suppression. This paper analysed the training process of the popular anchor‐based pedestrian detection models (e.g. YOLO and Faster RCNN), and found that the score of the predicted box reflects the overlap between the corresponding anchor and the ground truth, rather than the predicted box itself. Due to the many‐to‐one strategy adopted by anchor‐based methods, multiple predicted boxes could be generated around one predicted box. This study refers to the number of other predicted boxes around the target predicted box as its local density. When a predicted box has a higher local density, it should have a greater overlap with the ground truth. Therefore, this study proposed the fused score by introducing local density into the score. The experiments showed that replacing the score with the fused score can effectively improve the model's detection accuracy. The code and experiments will soon be open‐sourced at https://github.com/zefeichen/FusedScore.
Optical and near-infrared photometry of 94 type II supernovae from the Carnegie Supernova Project
Authors: Anderson J. P. , Contreras C. , Stritzinger M. D. , Hamuy M. , Phillips M. M. , Suntzeff N. B. , Morrell N. , González-Gaitán S. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Burns C. R. , Hsiao E. Y. , Anais J. , Ashall C. , Baltay C. , Baron E. , Bersten M. , Busta L. , Castellón S. , de Jaeger T. , DePoy D. , Filippenko A. V. , Folatelli G. , Förster F. , Galbany L. , Gall C. , Goobar A. , Gonzalez C. , Hadjiyska E. , Hoeflich P. , Krisciunas K. , Krzemiński W. , Li W. , Madore B. , Marshall J. , Martinez L. , Nugent P. , Pessi P. J. , Piro A. L. , Rheault J.-P. , Ryder S. , Serón J. , Shappee B. J. , Taddia F. , Torres S. , Thomas-Osip J. , Uddin S.
Published: October 2024

Context. Type II supernovae (SNe II) mark the endpoint in the lives of hydrogen-rich massive stars. Their large explosion energies and luminosities allow us to measure distances, metallicities, and star formation rates into the distant Universe. To fully exploit their use in answering different astrophysical problems, high-quality low-redshift data sets are required. Such samples are vital to understand the physics of SNe II, but also to serve as calibrators for distinct – and often lower-quality – samples.

Aims. We present uBgVri optical and YJH near-infrared (NIR) photometry for 94 low-redshift SNe II observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP). A total of 9817 optical and 1872 NIR photometric data points are released, leading to a sample of high-quality SN II light curves during the first ∼150 days post explosion on a well-calibrated photometric system.

Methods. The sample is presented and its properties are analysed and discussed through comparison to literature events. We also focus on individual SNe II as examples of classically defined subtypes and outlier objects. Making a cut in the plateau decline rate of our sample (s2), a new subsample of fast-declining SNe II is presented.

Results. The sample has a median redshift of 0.015, with the nearest event at 0.001 and the most distant at 0.07. At optical wavelengths (V), the sample has a median cadence of 4.7 days over the course of a median coverage of 80 days. In the NIR (J), the median cadence is 7.2 days over the course of 59 days. The fast-declining subsample is more luminous than the full sample and shows shorter plateau phases. Of the non-standard SNe II highlighted, SN 2009A particularly stands out with a steeply declining then rising light curve, together with what appears to be two superimposed P-Cygni profiles of Hα in its spectra. We outline the significant utility of these data, and finally provide an outlook of future SN II science.
High-resolution spectroscopy of detached eclipsing binaries during total eclipses
Authors: Hełminiak K. G. , Olszewska J. M. , Puciata-Mroczynska M. , Pawar T.
Published: October 2024

Context. We present results of high-resolution spectroscopic observations of detached eclipsing binaries (DEBs) with total eclipses, for which UVES spectra were obtained during the phase of totality. These observations serve as a key way to determine the age and initial metallicity of the systems and to verify evolutionary phases of their components and distances.

Aims. With the additional, independent information concerning the effective temperature and metallicity of one of the components, we aim to estimate the precise ages of the studied binaries and show the usefulness of totality spectra. The second goal was to provide precise orbital and physical stellar parameters of the components of systems in question.

Methods. Using the VLT/UVES, we obtained high-resolution spectra of 11 DEBs during their total-eclipse phase. Atmospheric parameters of then-visible (larger) components were obtained with iSpec. With additional spectroscopy from the Comprehensive Research with Échelles on the Most interesting Eclipsing binaries (CRÉME) project, public archives, and literature, we obtained radial-velocity (RV) measurements, from which orbital parameters were calculated. Photometric time-series observations from TESS and ASAS were modelled with the JKTEBOP code, and, combined with RV-based results, they allowed us to obtain physical parameters for nine double-lined systems from our sample. All the available data were used to constrain the ages with our own approach, utilising MESA isochrones. Reddening-free, isochrone-based distances were also estimated and confronted with Gaia Data Release 3 (GDR3) results.

Results. We show that single spectroscopic observations taken during a total eclipse can break the age-metallicity degeneracy and allow for the precise determination of the age of a DEB. With high-quality spectroscopic and photometric data, we are able to reach a 5−10% level of uncertainty (e.g. 724−24+52 Myr). Even for single-lined DEBs, where absolute masses are not possible to obtain, the spectroscopic analysis of one of the components allows one to put strong constraints on the properties of both stars. For some cases, we noted inconsistencies between isochrone-based and GDR3 distances. For one binary, which could not be fitted with a single isochrone (RZ Eri), we suggest a new explanation.
Compact and high excitation molecular clumps in the extended ultraviolet disk of M83
Authors: Koda Jin , Combes Françoise , Rubio Monica , Andersen Morten , Bigiel Frank , Gil de Paz Armando , Junais  , Lee Amanda M , Meyer Jennifer Donovan , Morokuma-Matsui Kana , Yagi Masafumi , Zavagno Annie
Published: October 2024

Context. The extended ultraviolet (XUV) disks of nearby galaxies show ongoing massive-star formation, but their parental molecular clouds remain mostly undetected despite searches in CO(1–0) and CO(2–1). The recent detection of 23 clouds in the higher excitation transition CO(3–2) within the XUV disk of M83 thus requires an explanation.

Aims. We test the hypothesis introduced to explain the non-detections and recent detection simultaneously: The clouds in XUV disks have a clump-envelope structure similar to those in Galactic star-forming clouds, having dense star-forming clumps (or concentrations of multiple clumps) at their centers, which predominantly contribute to the CO(3–2) emission and are surrounded by less dense envelopes, where CO molecules are photo-dissociated due to the low-metallicity environment there.

Methods. We utilize new high-resolution ALMA CO(3–2) observations of a subset (11) of the 23 clouds in the XUV disk of M83.

Results. We confirm the compactness of the CO(3–2)-emitting dense clumps (or their concentrations), finding clump diameters below the spatial resolution of 6–9 pc. This is similar to the size of the dense gas region in the Orion A molecular cloud, a local star-forming cloud with massive-star formation.

Conclusions. The dense star-forming clumps are common between normal and XUV disks. This may also indicate that once the cloud structure is set, the process of star formation is governed by the cloud’s internal physics rather than by external triggers. This simple model explains the current observations of clouds with ongoing massive-star formation, although it may require some adjustment, for example including the effect of cloud evolution, to describe star formation in molecular clouds more generally.
On thermal conduction in the solar atmosphere: An analytical solution for nonlinear diffusivity without compact support
Authors: Furuseth S. V. , Cherry G. , Martínez-Sykora J.
Published: October 2024

Context. The scientific community employs complicated multiphysics simulations to understand the physics in solar, stellar, and interstellar media. These must be tested against known solutions to ensure their validity. Several well-known tests exist, such as the Sod shock tube test. However, a test for nonlinear diffusivity is missing. This problem is highly relevant in the solar atmosphere, where various events release energy that subsequently diffuses by Spitzer thermal conductivity.

Aims. The aim is to derive an analytical solution for nonlinear diffusivity in 1D, 2D, and 3D, which allows for a nonzero background value. The solution is used to design a test for numerical solvers and study Spitzer conductivity in the solar atmosphere.

Methods. There exists an ideal solution assuming zero background value. We performed an analytical first-order perturbation of this solution. The first-order solution was first tested against a dedicated nonlinear diffusion solver, whereupon it was used to benchmark the single- and multifluid radiative magnetohydrodynamics code Ebysus, used to study the Sun. The theory and numerical modeling were used to investigate the role of Spitzer conductivity in the transport of energy released in a nanoflare.

Results. The derived analytical solution models nonlinear diffusivity accurately within its region of validity and approximately beyond. Various numerical schemes implemented in the Ebysus code is found to model Spitzer conductivity correctly. The energy from a representative nanoflare is found to diffuse 9 Mm within the first second of its lifetime due to Spitzer conductivity alone, strongly dependent on the electron density.

Conclusions. The analytical first-order solution is a step forward in ensuring the physical validity of intricate simulations of the Sun. Additionally, since the derivation and argumentation are general, they can easily be followed to treat other nonlinear diffusion problems.
Hochverarbeitete Lebensmittel und Gesundheit: Differenzieren statt
dämonisieren
Authors: Smollich Martin , Wefers Daniel
Published: October 2024

Hochverarbeitete Lebensmittel (Ultra-Processed Foods, UPF) haben – unabhängig vom
Nährstoff- und Kaloriengehalt – einen schlechten Ruf. Dieser Beitrag betrachtet
die zugrundeliegende NOVA-Klassifikation kritisch und gibt einen differenzierten
Überblick über die postulierten Mechanismen und die aktuelle Studienlage.
Startklar für das Schreiben in der Schule? – Assessment: WRITIC
Authors: Bilke Nora , Zillhardt Cornelie
Published: October 2024

„Ist mein Kind fit für die Schule? Ist es bereit, schreiben zu lernen, oder können wir vor der Einschulung noch etwas tun, um ihm den Schulstart zu erleichtern?“ Solche Fragen stellen Bezugspersonen von Vorschulkindern Ergotherapeut*innen regelmäßig. Das Writing Readiness Inventory Tool (WRITIC) ermöglicht es, im Rahmen der Therapie standardisiert zu erfassen, ob Vorschulkinder bereit sind, schreiben zu lernen.
Training in der Hämatoonkologie
Authors: Kühl Rea , Pahl Antonia , Limbach Matthias , Wegener Annika , Bertz Hartmut , Wiskemann Joachim , Otto Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Sport- und Bewegungstherapie stellt bei onkologischen Erkrankungen mittlerweile
ein etabliertes supportivmedizinisches Angebot dar. Die Evidenz zu positiven
Effekten hinsichtlich der Reduktion von Therapienebenwirkungen entwickelt sich
rasant und internationale, allgemeine Trainingsempfehlungen wurden definiert.
Aufgrund oft langwieriger und sehr intensiver Therapieprotokolle, sind
hämatoonkologische Patient*innen eine Gruppe von Patient*innen mit besonderem
und herausforderndem bewegungstherapeutischen Unterstützungsbedarf. Die
Arbeitsgruppe „Hämatoonkologie“ der NEBKO (Nationale Expertengruppe für
Bewegungstherapie in der Onkologie) hat daher wissenschaftliche Evidenz und
praktische Erfahrung zusammengetragen. Empfohlen wird ein Prozess, bestehend aus
Anamnese, Trainingsplanung, Monitoring und Aufrechterhaltung. Besprochen werden
u.a. typische Nebenwirkungen wie starke Dekonditionierung oder veränderte
Blutwerte und Komplikationen wie Graft-versus Host Disease nach allogener
Stammzelltransplantation. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es Sport- und
Bewegungstherapeuten zu unterstützen ein individualisiertes, möglichst
evidenzbasiertes und vor allem sicheres und effektives Trainingsprogramm für
hämatoonkologische Patient*innen zusammen zu stellen.
Ambulantes und stationäres Management von Harnwegsinfektionen im Kindesalter
Authors: Hempel Olga , Dittrich Katalin
Published: October 2024

Harnwegsinfektionen bei Kindern sind ein häufiges Krankheitsbild, wobei die Symptomatik unspezifisch und die Folgen insbesondere bei Therapieverzögerung schwer sein können. Die korrekte Interpretation des Urinbefundes und Entscheidung über eine Therapieeinleitung sind daher für jede/n KinderärztIn essenziell, um die Entwicklung chronischer Nierenfunktionseinschränkungen oder gar den Verlust einer Niere zu vermeiden.
Krebsbedingte Schlafstörungen, Insomnie und körperliche
Aktivität
Authors: Kersten Jane , Niels Timo , Baumann Freerk T.
Published: October 2024

Schlafstörungen zählen zu den häufigsten Nebenwirkungen, die Krebspatient*innen
erleben. Einen eingeschränkten Schlaf zu erfahren, kann onkologischen
Patient*innen ab dem Zeitpunkt der Diagnose, während der medizinischen Therapie
sowie viele Jahre nach Diagnosestellung begleiten und belasten. Schlafstörungen
und deren Schweregrad unterliegen einer multifaktoriellen Pathogenese. Die
Ursachen treten selten isoliert auf, sondern korrelieren häufig mit anderen
Symptomen der Therapie und der Tumorerkrankung. Schlechter Schlaf kann einen
erheblichen Einfluss auf die Alltagsfunktionalität und Lebensqualität nehmen.
Langfristig beeinflussen Schlafstörungen auch das soziale und berufliche Leben
der Patient*innen negativ.

Aufgrund der leichten Zugänglichkeit sind pharmakologische Behandlungen häufig
die erste Wahl, jedoch sind Risiken wie Abhängigkeit und Nebenwirkungen in
diesem Zusammenhang keine Seltenheit. Es bedarf einer Alternative, welche auch
über einen längeren Zeitraum Einfluss auf die Schlafstruktur und -qualität
nehmen kann.

Körperliche Aktivität könnte ein Schlüsselansatz sein, um die Schlafqualität
multidimensional zu beeinflussen. Regelmäßige Bewegung fördert
entzündungshemmende Prozesse, stabilisiert den zirkadianen Rhythmus und
verbessert die Melatoninproduktion. Darüber hinaus können Depressionen und
Ängste gesenkt sowie die Tagesmüdigkeit verringert werden. Mit einem
wöchentlichen Umfang von drei bis vier Trainingseinheiten für 30 bis 40 Minuten
haben sich Walken und Yoga als besonders wirksam erwiesen. Dabei spielt neben
der Intensität der Zeitpunkt der Intervention eine entscheidende Rolle. In der
Literatur werden mindestens 4 Zeitstunden zwischen Bewegung und dem
Schlafengehen empfohlen. Viele Bewegungsprogramme können eigenständig und
ortsunabhängig durchgeführt werden. Interventionen, welche im Rahmen von
qualifiziertem Fachpersonal geplant und supervidiert angeleitet werden, können
jedoch hinsichtlich der Belastungssteuerung einen höheren Einfluss auf die
Schlafstörungen nehmen. Darüber hinaus kann je nach Allgemein- und
Trainingszustand eine individuelle Anpassung der Trainingsprogramme
erfolgen.
Einsatz von Gewebeexpandern bei Kindern nach schweren Verbrennungen
Authors: Staubach Raphael , Fennell Sarah , Glosse Helen , Loff Steffan
Published: October 2024

In der plastischen pädiatrischen Chirurgie ist die Expandertherapie bei der Narbenrekonstruktion ein wichtiger Baustein. Es ist möglich, funktionell und ästhetisch optimale Ergebnisse zu erreichen. Die Therapie erfordert eine sehr gute Compliance der PatientInnen und deren Eltern, da zwischen der ersten Operation – die Implantation und die zweite Operation, die Explantation mit Rekonstruktion, die Füllung der Expander erforderlich ist, um die Haut ausreichend zu dehnen. In der beschriebenen Patientenserie konnten jeweils große Hautareale generiert werden. Somit konnten betroffene narbige Areale nach thermischer Verletzung mit der eigenen, expandierten Haut gedeckt werden.
Meldepflicht von Erkrankungen und Erregernachweisen
Authors: Bühler Silja , Boecken Gerhard , Schlaich Clara , Rieke Burkhard , Frühwein Markus , Boldt Matthias , Meischner Karin , Rothe Camilla
Published: October 2024

Die Erfassung von Infektionserkrankungen in der tropen- und reisemedizinischen Praxis ist wichtig, um ein möglichst umfassendes Bild von importierten Tropenkrankheiten zu erhalten und verbesserte Präventionsstrategien abzuleiten. Meldeverpflichtungen können zwar das Lagebild verbessern, es gibt aber immer noch viele Erkrankungen von Reisenden im Ausland, die weder im Gastland noch in Deutschland erfasst werden. Dazu gehören z. B. auch Erkrankungen bei Selbstständigen ohne Versicherungsschutz und privat Reisenden, die nach Rückkehr gesundet sind.
A novel colonoscope with an extra-wide field of view increases polyp detection rate compared with standard colonoscope: Prospective model-based trial
Authors: Neuhaus Horst , Nowak Tanja , Schmidt Arthur
Published: October 2024

Background and study aims Colonoscopy, the gold standard for early detection of colorectal cancer, may miss polyps especially those hidden behind folds. This prospective study compared polyp detection and performance of a novel colonoscope with extra-wide field of view (EFOV) of 230 degrees (partially retrograde) to a standard colonoscope (SC, 170 degrees) in a colon model.

Patients and methods A 3D printed colon model was used featuring 12 polyps placed throughout different colon segments, with several located on the proximal side of haustral folds. Endoscopists were instructed to identify polyps, first inserting the SC immediately followed by the EFOV device, and to place a snare to simulate a polypectomy. A standardized survey was used to record operator impressions.

Results Twenty-nine experienced endoscopists participated in this study. On average, 5.3 vs 9.6 polyps were detected with the standard and EFOV colonoscopes, respectively (P < 0.001). Five of 29 operators (17.2%) detected all 12 polyps with the EFOV device, whereas no operator detected all polyps with the SC. The success rate for snare placement was 100% for both endoscopes with similar times (mean of 14 vs 15 seconds for SC and EFOV, respectively). EFOV handling and optical performance were rated as equally good or better by all endoscopists.

Conclusions Use of a colonoscope with novel optics significantly improved polyp detection compared with a standard colonoscope in this non-randomized model-based study, with favorable performance and usability ratings for the EFOV instrument. Clinical studies are needed to confirm these encouraging preliminary results.
Expanded Fetal Growth Restriction Definition Identifies High Proportion of Umbilical Artery Doppler Anomalies
Authors: Nakahra Angela , Long Miranda , Elmayan Ardem , Biggio Joseph R. , Williams Frank B.
Published: October 2024

Objective Fetal growth restriction (FGR) increases the risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality. The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine expanded the definition of FGR to independently include abdominal circumference (AC) < 10th percentile for gestational age (GA), regardless of estimated fetal weight (EFW). While studies have shown increased detection of small for GA neonates with expanded definition, no studies have evaluated the likelihood of abnormal umbilical artery Dopplers (UAD) detection with expanded definition. The objective of this study was to compare the likelihood of identifying UAD abnormalities in fetuses with normal EFW and restricted AC versus those by EFW alone.

Study Design Single-institution retrospective cohort study of fetal growth ultrasounds meeting criteria for FGR either by EFW < 10th percentile or AC < 10th percentile with normal EFW. Those with FGR by AC alone were compared with those with FGR by EFW. Primary outcome was prevalence of UAD abnormalities, including elevated systolic/diastolic ratio, and absent and/or reversed end diastolic velocity. Receiver operator characteristic curves were generated to compare predictive value of UAD abnormalities by FGR definition.

Results A total of 619 scans met criteria for FGR between November 2020 and June 2021, with 441 (71%) meeting definition by EFW and 178 (29%) by AC criteria alone. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. FGR by AC alone was identified earlier (30.4 ± 3.3 vs. 35.4 ± 3.0 weeks' gestation, p < 0.001) with higher proportion identified before 32 weeks (70 vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Proportion of abnormal UAD were similar between groups (15 vs. 15%, adjusted odds ratio: 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.61–2.23). Use of EFW alone would have failed to identify 29% of abnormal UAD. A combined definition of FGR had the highest detection of abnormal UAD (area under curve: 0.78 vs. AC alone 0.73 vs. EFW alone 0.69).

Conclusion A definition of FGR that considers both EFW and AC improves detection of abnormal UAD.

Key Points
Association of Parental Interactions and Therapies with Cerebral Oxygenation Variability in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Volkema Presley , Letzkus Lisa , Spaeder Michael , Zanelli Santina
Published: October 2024

Objective This study evaluated the association of parental interactions and therapies with cerebral oxygenation (rScO2) and rScO2 variability in infants using near-infrared spectroscopy.

Study Design Prospective pilot study in clinically stable infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Infants were monitored continuously for 48 hours, and rScO2 during parental interactions and therapies was compared with periods of no activity. rScO2 variability was derived using the root mean of successive squared differences of averaged 1-minute rScO2 values. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was used to compare baseline and activity periods.

Results Data analysis included 23 infants. rScO2 variability increased during periods of parental interaction (p = 0.04) and during combined parental interaction and therapies (p = 0.04).

Conclusion We observed that routine NICU interventions are associated with increased rScO2 variability in clinically stable NICU patients. rScO2 variability may represent a useful biomarker for the early determination of the safety and efficacy of NICU interventions.

Key Points
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Barberá Aurora , White Trenton M. , Arora Anish K. , Henry Linda , Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Younossi Zobair M.
Published: October 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and can progress to serious complications, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Predisposing risk factors for MASH include obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Patients with MASH often experience significant impairments in their health-related quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs), particularly in physical functioning domains, fatigue, and vitality. Incorporating PROs offers valuable insights into patients' perspectives on their symptoms, treatment efficacy, and overall well-being, thereby guiding more holistic and patient-centered care strategies. This review aims to investigate the utilization of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the context of MASLD and MASH care, identify which PROMs are employed, and summarize the outcomes reported.
The First Decade of SuFEx Chemistry: Advancements in SuFEx Polymerization, Non-Canonical SuFEx Reactions, and SuFEx Radiochemistry
Authors: Kim Min Pyeong , Sahoo Manoj Kumar , Chun Joong-Hyun , Hong Sung You
Published: October 2024

This year marks the 10th anniversary of SuFEx chemistry, a field that has witnessed significant advancements over the past decade. These include efficient synthetic strategies toward polymerization via the SuFEx approach leading to diverse polymers, alongside the discovery of new SuFExable hubs and coupling conditions. Non-canonical reactions, such as deoxyfluorination and on-water reactions, have also emerged. Furthermore, there have been substantial strides in the radiosynthesis of [18F] SuFExable hubs. This review provides an overview of these developments, focusing on polymerization, non-canonical reaction, and radiochemistry in SuFEx chemistry.

1 Introduction

2 SuFEx Polymerization

3 Non-Canonical SuFEx Reactions

4 Fluorine-18 SuFEx Radiochemistry

5 Conclusions and Outlook
Surgical Complications after Targeted Muscle Reinnervation at a Safety-Net Hospital
Authors: Obinero Chioma G. , Green Jackson C. , Swiekatowski Kylie R. , Obinero Chimdindu V. , Manisundaram Arvind , Greives Matthew R. , Bhadkamkar Mohin , Wu-Fienberg Yuewei , Marques Erik
Published: October 2024

Background Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) and regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) can reduce neuroma formation and phantom limb pain (PLP) after lower extremity (LE) amputation. These techniques have not been studied in safety-net hospitals. This study aims to examine the surgical complication rates after TMR and/or RPNI at an academic safety-net hospital in an urban setting.

Methods This was a retrospective review of patients older than 18 years who had prior above-knee guillotine amputation (AKA) or below-knee guillotine amputation (BKA) and underwent stump formalization with TMR and/or RPNI from 2020 to 2022. Demographics, medical history, and operative and postoperative characteristics were collected. The primary outcome was any surgical complication, defined as infection, dehiscence, hematoma, neuroma, or reoperation. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with surgical complications and PLP.

Results Thirty-two patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 52 years, and 75% were males. Indications for amputation included diabetic foot infection (71.9%), necrotizing soft tissue infection (25.0%), and malignancy (3.1%). BKA was the most common indication for formalization (93.8%). Most patients (56.3%) had formalization with TMR and RPNI, 34.4% patients had TMR only, and 9.4% had RPNI alone. The incidence of postoperative complications was 46.9%, with infection being the most common (31.3%). The median follow-up time was 107.5 days. There was no significant difference in demographics, medical history, or operative characteristics between patients who did and did not have surgical complications. However, there was a trend toward higher rates of PLP in patients who had a postoperative wound infection (p = 0.06).

Conclusion Overall complication rates after LE formalization with TMR and/or RPNI at our academic safety-net hospital were consistent with reported literature. Given the benefits, including reduced chronic pain and lower health care costs, we advocate for the wider adoption of these techniques at other safety-net hospitals.
Woollins’ Reagent: A Graphical Review of Its Main Synthetic Uses
Authors: da Silva João V. X. , Chipoline Ingrid C. , Ferreira Sabrina B.
Published: October 2024

Woollins’ reagent (W.R.) was initially used for the selenation of carbonyl compounds. However, various synthetic applications utilizing this reagent have since been discovered, making it increasingly useful. Examples include the formation of heterocycles, the stereospecific reduction of olefins, and the synthesis of selenoic acids, among others. Consequently, synthetic studies of W.R. derivatives have become increasingly relevant due to the growing demand for selenated compounds in various applications. Two notable examples are the agricultural sector, with the development of pesticides, and the pharmaceutical sector, with the development of antivirals, antioxidants, and neuroprotectors, among others. Hence, this graphical review aims to address the synthetic diversity that W.R. can provide, presenting examples of its main synthetic uses.
Ethical Dilemmas and the Moral Distress Commonly Experienced by Oncology Nurses: A Narrative Review from a Bioethics Consortium from India
Authors: Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath , Chauhan Seema , Kalaimathi Ani Grace , Madathil Lal P. , George Thomas , D'souza Russell Franco , Palatty Princy Louis
Published: October 2024

Nurses working in oncology frequently have to make tough moral choices, such as how to break bad news or how to make sure a dying patient receives good palliative or end-of-life care. In the context of patient care, this may limit the ethical and moral options available to nurses. This can cause moral dissonance and ethical insensitivity on the job and can be very stressful. To be able to meet ethical problems in trying times calls for capacity to recognize and know how to manage the concerns. The purpose of this article was to describe common ethical challenges and to present some methods that may be helpful when confronting them. This narrative review discusses the ethical standards that oncology nurses should uphold and implement in their daily work. Many common ethical dilemmas are also explored, and the study hopes to shed light on how novice nurses, such as students and fresh recruits, may experience when caring for cancer patients and their family caregivers. Importantly, this review also addresses aspects of how nurses can improve their skills so that they can deal with the ethical quandaries and moral discomfort that arise on a daily basis in cancer care.
Fabrication of high-quality surface microtextures on GaN by femtosecond laser direct writing
Authors: Hua Rushuai , Xu Zongwei , Tao Zhixiang , Dong Bing , Wang Hong , Yang Long
Published: October 2024

Gallium nitride (GaN), as a third-generation semiconductor, is highly attractive due to its exceptional physical and chemical properties. Laser direct writing offers an efficient method for the precise processing of hard and brittle materials. In this work, various types of surface microtexture were processed on GaN epilayers using a femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 1030 nm. The effects of the laser energy, single-pulse interval, number of pulses, and number of scan passes on groove machining were investigated with a view to achieving high-quality micromachining. The depth, width, surface morphology, and roughness of the grooves were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Damage and stress were characterized at the microscale using Raman spectroscopy. High-quality precision machining of different types of periodic surface microtexture at 40 mW laser power was achieved by controlling the process parameters and laser trajectory. Finally, an initial exploration was conducted to examine vector-light-based micro- and nanostructure processing. The findings demonstrate the potential of femtosecond lasers for efficient micromachining of hard and brittle materials without the creation of heat-affected zones or microcracks. The high-quality textured structures achieved through this processing technique have broad and promising applications in optoelectronic devices and tribology.
Self-powered Schottky barrier photodetectors based on P3HT:PC61BM bulk heterojunction films
Authors: Hu Junyi , Song Xiyao , He Yueyi , Wang Haoran , Liu Shaoyao , Wang Yunpeng , Fan Yi , Wang Fei
Published: October 2024

By employing the classic system poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM), organic bulk heterojunction films were applied on an indium tin oxide substrate using a one-step spin-coating method, without requiring any complex manufacturing processes, to obtain self-powered photodetectors (PDs) with a simple preparation process. The fullerene material was introduced to create a bulk heterojunction film with proper phase separation and greatly enrich the donor/acceptor dissociation interface, thus improving the high exciton binding energy and short exciton diffusion distance. The built-in electric field formed by the Schottky junction at the interface between the active layer and electrode can enhance the separation of excitons and the transport of charge carriers, realizing optical detection without external energy sources. Moreover, femtosecond transient absorption was employed to investigate the exciton dynamics in organic films and analyze the working mechanism of self-powered detection performance. The long-lived behavior of carriers and the formation of charge transfer states were further verified, which contributed to the enhanced performance of the device. As a result, the self-powered PD-based Schottky bulk heterojunction presents a high light on/off ratio of over 104 (0 V) and fast response speed with rise and decay times of 33 and 36 µs, respectively, under a 532 nm light illumination. These results provide theoretical and experimental verification of this technique for the development of self-powered PDs in the field of organic materials.
High brightness betatron x-ray source driven by chirped laser pulses
Authors: Mishra S. , Rao B. S. , Moorti A. , Chakera J. A.
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate high brightness betatron x-ray generation from chirped laser pulses driven plasma accelerator. It is shown that positively chirped laser pulse leads to the initiation and enhancement of collective oscillations of electrons inside plasma bubble, due to associated pulse front tilt (PFT). The PFT causes transverse drift of the bubble with respect to the laser axis, which results in high brightness x-ray generation. At an optimum chirp, enhanced x-ray emission of >108 photons/pulse/sr in 0.1% BW with a critical energy of ∼18 keV was observed by a factor >2 in comparison to the case of no chirp. The role of collective oscillation in enhancing x-ray emission is also validated in the Geant4 simulations.
In-situ relative calibration of Bragg crystals with Monte Carlo line ratio analysis
Authors: Kraus B. F. , Kriz E. , McPoyle S. P. , Atay K. , Malko S. , Hill K. W. , Gao Lan , Efthimion P. C. , Hollinger R. C. , Wang Shoujun , King J. , Zahedpour Anaraki S. , Rocca J. J.
Published: October 2024

X-ray line emission spectra can thoroughly characterize hot plasmas, especially when line shapes and ratios convey distinct aspects of plasma conditions. However, the high spectral resolution required for observing line shapes is often at odds with the large bandwidth required to observe many line ratios across a wide spectral range. One strategy to obtain high spectral resolution over a wide bandwidth is to use multiple crystals with calibrated reflectivity so that line intensities across different crystals can be compared. Here, we explore the use of a low-resolution, wide-bandwidth mica survey spectrometer to infer relative reflectivity of two high-resolution, narrow-bandwidth quartz crystals. A Monte Carlo error analysis determines comparable x-ray line ratios measured from both spectrometers, resulting in an in situ calibration factor and associated uncertainty for the relative reflectivity of the high-resolution crystals.
Experimental and numerical study on bubble pulsation characteristics of underwater explosions with multiple charges
Authors: Hu Hongwei , Li Daokui , Zheng Jian , Duan Chaowei , Zhang Zhifan
Published: October 2024

This study examines the processes of expansion, merging, and collapse of multiple underwater explosion bubbles through experimental and numerical methods. A small-scale underwater explosion experiment was conducted in a water tank. The behaviors of three and four bubbles during expansion, merging, and collapse were captured using high-speed photography, and the effects of the quantity and spacing of the explosive charge on the bubble dynamics were analyzed. The results indicate that the evolution of bubble behavior in multiple charge underwater explosions, including the bubble period and radius, is significantly influenced by the spacing between charges. With a decrease in the ratio of the charge spacing to the bubble radius, the period of the merged bubble increases progressively. Independent small bubbles do not interact when the distance between charges exceeds 1.3 times the bubble radius. Furthermore, when the ratio of the spacing to the initial bubble radius (L/rb) is between 1.0 and 1.3, multiple bubbles merge during the contraction phase. When the spacing is less than the maximum radius of the bubbles, multiple bubbles inevitably merge, with fusion occurring during the expansion phase.
Separated spacecraft attitude algorithm research based on star sensor multi-information fusion
Authors: Wang Xinmei , Zhang Hui , Gao Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

Faced with the problem of poor anti-interference ability of star map recognition technology, in order to improve its anti-interference ability and achieve higher attitude measurement accuracy, this article proposes a star map recognition method based on binary search trees. Star sensors and gyroscopes are combined to solve the problem of the poor real-time performance of star sensors, optimizing the Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) algorithm. This improves attitude output accuracy and formulates corresponding attitude measurement schemes considering the situation where the star sensor is not visible. The results showed that the improved star pattern recognition algorithm had better adaptability and robustness than the rasterization algorithm, with a high recognition success rate of 95.6% when the star sensor field of view was 3°*3°, while the rasterization algorithm cannot recognize small fields of view. The recognition success rate of the algorithm was 98.6% when the standard deviation of magnitude noise was 2.0 pixels, which was 15.4% higher than the rasterization algorithm. Unlike the EKF algorithm, the optimized EKF algorithm had a higher attitude output accuracy, with an average error of about 0.000 211°; compared to before optimization, it has increased by 93.43%. In the attitude measurement scheme, the relative attitude angle measurement error was small, and the maximum attitude measurement error in the rolling angle direction was 1.8 × 10−3°. This paper adopts a method to achieve high-precision satellite attitude measurement with good adaptability, which can be applied in complex space missions.
Unraveling the multistage phase transformations in monolayer MoTe2−x
Authors: Pan Zemin , Jian Tao , Zhang Hui , Lin Xiaoyu , Zhu Chao , Deng Jinghao , Cheng Zhengbo , Liu Chuansheng , Zhang Chendong
Published: October 2024

Monolayer MoTe2 exhibits a variety of derivative structural phases and associated intriguing electronic properties that enable a wealth of potential applications in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, a comprehensive study focusing on the complexities of the controllable phase evolution in this atomically thin film has yet to be performed. This work aims to address this issue by systematically investigating molecular beam epitaxial growth of monolayer Mo–Te compounds on bilayer graphene substrates. By utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy, we explored a series of thermally driven structural phase evolutions, including distinct T′-MoTe2, H-MoTe2, Mo6Te6 nanowires, and multistoichiometric MoTe2−x. Furthermore, we carefully investigated the critical effects of the growth parameters—annealing temperature and time and tellurium concentration—on the controllable and reversible phase transformation within monolayer MoTe2−x. The findings have significant implications for understanding the thin film synthesis and phase transformation engineering inherent to two-dimensional crystals, which can foster further development of high-performance devices.
Experimental study on spray ignition and blow out performances in a centrally staged annular combustor: Low pressure conditions
Authors: Han Xiao , Chang Yunxin , Wang Zhihui , Zhang Chi , Tao Wenjie , Lin Yuzhen
Published: October 2024

The ignition and flame propagation process within the centrally staged annular combustor is considerably intricate, particularly under low pressure conditions. Experiments with kerosene as fuel were conducted under varying pressures ranging from 30 to 90 kPa. A high-speed camera was employed to capture images of the ignition process. The experiments illustrate that the fuel–air ratio at the ignition boundary initially decreases and then increases with increasing pressure drop at different inlet pressures. The ratio increases as the pressure decreases at a constant pressure drop, exhibiting a more pronounced effect, particularly at lower pressures. The flame propagation time of annular combustion is shortened by the increase in the fuel–air ratio. Moreover, an increase in pressure drop enhances flame propagation speed and reduces flame propagation time. Under identical working conditions and parameters, lower inlet pressures result in longer flame propagation time. Additionally, asymmetry is observed in circumferential flame propagation within the annular combustor. Since the swirl flow direction exhibits faster propagation speeds, the ratio of propagation speeds remains nearly constant across different directions. Furthermore, distinct flame propagation paths are identified in various directions. Three different flame propagation patterns were observed, including “archlike-axial,” “entrainment-rotation,” and “sweep-transverse.” Fuel–air ratio and pressure drop serve as primary parameters governing flame propagation patterns. The flame propagation pattern exhibits similarities to that of atmospheric conditions, with the exception of the inhibition observed in the entrainment-rotation pattern. Notably, compared to the ignition between two adjacent burners, ignition in the middle of a certain burner shows a higher probability of successful ignition.
Polarization-switchable structural colors generated by AlN metasurfaces and the effect of different substrates
Authors: Wang Jiujiang , Lu Chenhui , Geng Jiao , Shi Liping
Published: October 2024

Metasurfaces have the capability to boost the generation of distinct colors by improving the interaction between surface materials and photons. We present a straightforward and polarization-tunable aluminum nitride metasurface. This metasurface enables the display and concealment of the composition pattern and exhibits color switching by modifying the polarization state of the incident light. We further explore the impact of different substrates on metasurface performance. The results indicate that the full width at half maximum of the reflectance curves increases with the increase of the refractive index between the nanostructures and the substrate material, which leads to a broader dispersion of the structural colors in the spectrum. Moreover, the sizes of the nanostructures can be gradually reduced for the substrate with a high refractive index. These findings not only offer polarization-tunable structural color metasurfaces but also provide essential insights in selecting nanostructure and substrate materials, which will help in the design of nanostructures for such metasurfaces.