bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lower and Upper Plate Controls on Crustal Seismicity in the Southern Central and Patagonian Andes
Authors: Correa‐Otto Sebastian , Gianni Guido M.
Published: January 2023

We analyze crustal seismological records to assess the origin of the variable seismic activity along the southern Central and Patagonian Andes (30°–55°S), an area associated with latitudinal changes in the lower‐plate geometry, upper‐plate deformation, and topography. We carried out a statistical analysis of the seismicity records at crustal depths of 0–50 km from an updated earthquake catalog. Studying the seismicity by its area covered, depth, latitude, and time, this analysis reveals a consistent and drastic decrease in the number of earthquakes south of 38.5°S. We note that the low seismicity area is spatially correlated with a thin, hot, and weak (at least in the forearc region) upper plate and the subduction of a young/warm lower plate with short slab depths (∼150–400 km) beneath Patagonia. Notably, the reduced upper plate seismicity is mimicked at depth by a similar decrease in lower plate seismicity associated with the presence of relatively shallow slabs south of 38.5°S. This observation allows us to suspect a genetic connection between lower plate properties and the striking reduction in the upper‐plate seismicity. We tentatively suggest that the young/warm and short Nazca and Antarctic subducting plates, left after Neogene slab detachments, modified the thermomechanical upper plate structure, triggering the drastic decrease in crustal earthquakes. This process was likely aided by an inherited thin continental margin. This study reveals that slab detachment in non‐collisional settings can impact upper‐plate seismicity.
Two‐Dimensional Modeling of Colloid‐Facilitated Contaminant Transport in Groundwater Flow Systems With Stagnant Zones
Authors: Paswan Akhilesh , Sharma Pramod Kumar
Published: January 2023

A mathematical model has been developed for the contaminant transport with colloids in groundwater flow systems with stagnant zones to investigate the effect of stagnant zones on the transport of contaminants with colloids. In the present study, colloids and contaminants are supposed to drift via two coexisting homogeneous regions. The critical limitation of the mobile‐immobile (MIM) model is to deal with the number of parameters used upon application to larger scales for both mobile and immobile regions when a series of transport mechanisms are involved. Therefore, the present model is the first attempt model of the equilibrium approach for mobile‐immobile regions to avoid complexities in the model. The present study includes the effect of the stagnant zone on the plume movement in mobile regions for steady‐state flow conditions, and it is discerned that the plume moves faster in the presence of immobile regions. However, when dispersion, velocity, and pulse duration are decreased, tailing is noticed in the breakthrough profiles. Stagnant regions enhance the transport of contaminants in the porous media and produce augmented breakthrough curves by increasing the velocity in the mobile regions where colloids and contaminants migrate simultaneously. The transport of contaminants can be enhanced in the presence of colloids. However, sensitivity analyses indicate that the combination of different distribution coefficients controls the mobility of contaminants even in the presence of colloids. The proposed model has been validated using experimental data of the single‐porosity model in the presence of colloids and the MIM model in the absence of colloids.
Recent advances in CGG repeat diseases and a proposal of fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, and oculophryngodistal myopathy (FNOP) spectrum disorder
Authors: Ishiura Hiroyuki , Tsuji Shoji , Toda Tatsushi
Published: January 2023

While whole genome sequencing and long-read sequencing have become widely available, more and more focuses are on noncoding expanded repeats. Indeed, more than half of noncoding repeat expansions related to diseases have been identified in the five years. An exciting aspect of the progress in this field is an identification of a phenomenon called repeat motif–phenotype correlation. Repeat motif–phenotype correlation in noncoding repeat expansion diseases is first found in benign adult familial myoclonus epilepsy. The concept is extended in the research of CGG repeat expansion diseases. In this review, we focus on newly identified CGG repeat expansion diseases, update the concept of repeat motif–phenotype correlation in CGG repeat expansion diseases, and propose a clinical concept of FNOP (fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, and oculopharyngodistal myopathy)-spectrum disorder, which shares clinical features and thus probably share some common disease pathophysiology, to further facilitate discussion and progress in this field.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting PGC-1α-mediated biogenesis in acute kidney injury
Authors: Li Jiaying , Shi Xiaoxiao , Chen Zhixin , Xu Jiatong , Zhao Ruohuan , Liu Yuhao , Wen Yubing , Chen Limeng
Published: January 2023

Renal tubular epithelial cells are one of the high energy-consuming cell types, which mainly depend on mitochondrial energy supply. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a key enzyme that is involved in alcohol metabolism and mitochondrial oxidative ATP production; however, its function in mitochondrial homoeostasis in acute kidney injury (AKI) is unclear. Here, we found that ALDH2 expression was predominantly decreased in cisplatin or maleic acid (MA) models both in vivo and in vitro. ALDH2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited exacerbated kidney impairment and apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells after cisplatin injection. In contrast, ALDH2 activation alleviated AKI and tubular cell apoptosis in both cisplatin- and MA-induced models. RNA sequencing revealed that the oxidative phosphorylation pathway was positively enriched in the renal tissues after Alda-1 pre-treatment in MA-induced mice. ALDH2 activation restored mitochondrial structure, mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiration rate, but downregulated glycolysis in MA-induced mice and human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ALDH2 interacts with peroxisomal proliferator-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and advanced its nuclear translocation. Subsequently, PGC-1α knockdown almost abolished the improvement of ALDH2 activation on MA-induced tubular epithelial cells damage. Thus, our study revealed that ALDH2 activation alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI by enhancing PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Hence, ALDH2 may act as a potential therapeutic target to prevent AKI progression.
PHB2 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis through NDUFS1-mediated oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Ren Lin , Meng Li , Gao Jing , Lu Mingdian , Guo Chengyu , Li Yunyun , Rong Ziye , Ye Yan
Published: January 2023

The alteration of cellular energy metabolism is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidence has suggested oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is upregulated to meet the demand for energy in tumor initiation and development. However, the role of OXPHOS and its regulatory mechanism in CRC tumorigenesis and progression remain unclear. Here, we reveal that Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) expression is elevated in precancerous adenomas and CRC, which promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis of CRC. Additionally, knockdown of PHB2 significantly reduces mitochondrial OXPHOS levels in CRC cells. Meanwhile, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1 (NDUFS1), as a PHB2 binding partner, is screened and identified by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, PHB2 directly interacts with NDUFS1 and they co-localize in mitochondria, which facilitates NDUFS1 binding to NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1 (NDUFV1), regulating the activity of complex I. Consistently, partial inhibition of complex I activity also abrogates the increased cell proliferation induced by overexpression of PHB2 in normal human intestinal epithelial cells and CRC cells. Collectively, these results indicate that increased PHB2 directly interacts with NDUFS1 to stabilize mitochondrial complex I and enhance its activity, leading to upregulated OXPHOS levels, thereby promoting cell proliferation and tumorigenesis of CRC. Our findings provide a new perspective for understanding CRC energy metabolism, as well as novel intervention strategies for CRC therapeutics.
Structural insights into DNA N6-adenine methylation by the MTA1 complex
Authors: Yan Junjun , Liu Feiqing , Guan Zeyuan , Yan Xuhui , Jin Xiaohuan , Wang Qiang , Wang Zican , Yan Junjie , Zhang Delin , Liu Zhu , Wu Shan , Yin Ping
Published: January 2023

N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) has recently been reported as a prevalent DNA modification in eukaryotes. The Tetrahymena thermophila MTA1 complex consisting of four subunits, namely MTA1, MTA9, p1, and p2, is the first identified eukaryotic 6mA methyltransferase (MTase) complex. Unlike the prokaryotic 6mA MTases which have been biochemically and structurally characterized, the operation mode of the MTA1 complex remains largely elusive. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of the quaternary MTA1 complex in S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-bound (2.6 Å) and S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAH)-bound (2.8 Å) states. Using an AI-empowered integrative approach based on AlphaFold prediction and chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry, we further modeled a near-complete structure of the quaternary complex. Coupled with biochemical characterization, we revealed that MTA1 serves as the catalytic core, MTA1, MTA9, and p1 likely accommodate the substrate DNA, and p2 may facilitate the stabilization of MTA1. These results together offer insights into the molecular mechanism underpinning methylation by the MTA1 complex and the potential diversification of MTases for N6-adenine methylation.
Exploring electroencephalographic infraslow neurofeedback treatment for chronic low back pain: a double-blinded safety and feasibility randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Adhia Divya Bharatkumar , Mani Ramakrishnan , Mathew Jerin , O’Leary Finella , Smith Mark , Vanneste Sven , De Ridder Dirk
Published: January 2023

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a disabling condition worldwide. In CLBP, neuroimaging studies demonstrate abnormal activities in cortical areas responsible for pain modulation, emotional, and sensory components of pain experience [i.e., pregenual and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC, dACC), and somatosensory cortex (SSC), respectively]. This pilot study, conducted in a university setting, evaluated the feasibility, safety, and acceptability of a novel electroencephalography-based infraslow-neurofeedback (EEG ISF-NF) technique for retraining activities in pgACC, dACC and SSC and explored its effects on pain and disability. Participants with CLBP (n = 60), recruited between July’20 to March’21, received 12 sessions of either: ISF-NF targeting pgACC, dACC + SSC, a ratio of pgACC*2/dACC + SSC, or Placebo-NF. Descriptive statistics demonstrated that ISF-NF training is feasible [recruitment rate (7 participants/month), dropouts (25%; 20–27%), and adherence (80%; 73–88%)], safe (no adverse events reported), and was moderate to highly acceptable [Mean ± SD: 7.8 ± 2.0 (pgACC), 7.5 ± 2.7 (dACC + SCC), 8.2 ± 1.9 (Ratio), and 7.7 ± 1.5 (Placebo)]. ISF-NF targeting pgACC demonstrated the most favourable clinical outcomes, with a higher proportion of participants exhibiting a clinically meaningful reduction in pain severity [53%; MD (95% CI): − 1.9 (− 2.7, − 1.0)], interference [80%; MD (95% CI): − 2.3 (− 3.5, − 1.2)], and disability [73%; MD (95% CI): − 4.5 (− 6.1, − 2.9)] at 1-month follow-up. ISF-NF training is a feasible, safe, and an acceptable treatment approach for CLBP.
Machine learning identifies T cell receptor repertoire signatures associated with COVID-19 severity
Authors: Park Jonathan J. , Lee Kyoung A V. , Lam Stanley Z. , Moon Katherine S. , Fang Zhenhao , Chen Sidi
Published: January 2023

T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires are critical for antiviral immunity. Determining the TCR repertoire composition, diversity, and dynamics and how they change during viral infection can inform the molecular specificity of host responses to viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. To determine signatures associated with COVID-19 disease severity, here we perform a large-scale analysis of over 4.7 billion sequences across 2130 TCR repertoires from COVID-19 patients and healthy donors. TCR repertoire analyses from these data identify and characterize convergent COVID-19-associated CDR3 gene usages, specificity groups, and sequence patterns. Here we show that T cell clonal expansion is associated with the upregulation of T cell effector function, TCR signaling, NF-kB signaling, and interferon-gamma signaling pathways. We also demonstrate that machine learning approaches accurately predict COVID-19 infection based on TCR sequence features, with certain high-power models reaching near-perfect AUROC scores. These analyses provide a systems immunology view of T cell adaptive immune responses to COVID-19.
Intelligent analysis of carbendazim in agricultural products based on a ZSHPC/MWCNT/SPE portable nanosensor combined with machine learning methods
Authors: Wang Xu , He Liang , Xu Lulu , Liu Zhongshou , Xiong Yao , Zhou Weiqi , Yao Hang , Wen Yangping , Geng Xiang , Wu Ruimei
Published: January 2023

A nano-ZnS-decorated hierarchically porous carbon (ZSHPC) was mixed with MWCNTs to obtain ZSHPC/MWCNT nanocomposites.
High-throughput experimentation based kinetic modeling of selective hydrodesulfurization of gasoline model molecules catalyzed by CoMoS/Al2O3
Authors: Galand Ekaterina , Caron Fabien , Girard Etienne , Daudin Antoine , Rivallan Mickael , Raybaud Pascal , Schweitzer Jean-Marc , Schuurman Yves
Published: January 2023

The selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of fluidized catalytic cracking gasoline still represents a challenging step to minimize hydrogen overconsumption and maintain high octane numbers.
A butterfly-like lead-doped titanium-oxide compound with high performance in photocatalytic cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxide
Authors: Said Amir , Zhang Guanyun , Liu Caiyun , Wang Dexin , Niu Huihui , Liu Yanshu , Chen Guanjie , Tung Chen-Ho , Wang Yifeng
Published: January 2023

A novel butterfly-like lead-doped titanium-oxide compound that showed high performance in photocatalytic cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxide under simulated solar irradiation is reported.
Heteroatom-doped transition metal hydroxides in energy storage and conversion: a review
Authors: Qin Yaqi , Lu Guoping , Yang Feng , Xu Chunhua , Jiang Shuaijie , Wang Yuqiu , Tang Yuxin , Wang Pengcheng
Published: January 2023

There are four functions of heteroatom doping on TMHs: (1) form a multi-component TMHs to adjust metal valence ratio; (2) increase active metal sites; (3) tune electronic states; (4) increase the interlayer spacing.
Renewable micro hydroxyapatite (mHA) extracted from animal bones, and fabricated mHA-Jute-vinyl ester bio-composite as an intumescent green flame retardant material
Authors: Cheedarala Ravi Kumar , Yu Ruiwen , Il Song Jung
Published: January 2023

Renewable micro hydroxyapatite (mHA) extracted from animal bones, and fabricated mHA-Jute-vinyl ester bio-composite as an intumescent green flame retardant material.
Polypropylene sulphide coating on magnetic nanoparticles as a novel platform for excellent biocompatible, stimuli-responsive smart magnetic nanocarriers for cancer therapeutics
Authors: Chauhan Meenakshi , Basu Suparna Mercy , Qasim Mohd , Giri Jyotsnendu
Published: January 2023

Magnetic nanoparticle delivery systems are promising for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and chemo-hyperthermia of cancer; but their toxicity from reactive oxygen species generation, targeted delivery, and biodegradation limits their use.
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Qin Jinlong , Sun Min , Hu Wei , Cheng Jiajing , Fan Zhen , Du Jianzhong
Published: January 2023

We discussed the combination of immunotherapy and stimuli-responsive hydrogels for effective cancer treatment and their potential as vaccine implants against cancer and Covid-19.
One pot synthesis of thiol-functional nanoparticles
Authors: Priester Aaron , Yeng Jimmy , Hilmas Krista , Convertine Anthony J.
Published: January 2023

Polysorbate 80 (PS80) was reacted with 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (SiSH)viaa photoinitiated thiol-ene reaction. The resulting conjugate was co-condensed with SiSH to form stable aqueous solutions of thiol-functional nanoparticles (TFNs).
RNA–DNA hybrid nano-materials for highly efficient and long lasting RNA interference effect
Authors: Kim Joung Sug , Park Junghyun , Choi Jang Hyeon , Kang Seungjae , Park Nokyoung
Published: January 2023

A new RNAi approach was developed using an X-RDNA and Ri-Dgel. The nanostructured materials of dsRNA–DNA hybrids showed higher efficient and longer lasting RNA interference effect compared with conventional dsRNA.
A high-performance fluorescent hybrid material for fluorometric detection and removal of toxic Pb(ii) ions from aqueous media: performance and challenges
Authors: Abdullah Abdulrazzak , Kursunlu Ahmed Nuri , Guler Ersin
Published: January 2023

The hybrid surface, Bodipy-Si, was prepared for detection and adsorption of Pb(ii) ions.
Structural and photoelectron spectroscopic study on the heterotrinuclear nickel–titanium dioxide carbonyl complexes Ni2TiO2(CO)n− (n = 2–4)
Authors: Du Shihu , Han Haiyan , Yan Yongliang , Lv Yantao , Fan Zhihui , Liu Xiuhong , Liang Xiaoqing , Xie Hua , Zhao Zhi , Shi Ruili
Published: January 2023

The three transition metal atoms in the ground state structures of Ni2TiO2(CO)2–4− form a quasi-line. The extra electron is enriched on O attached to Ti. There has strong interaction between Ti and O.
Dynamic charge collecting mechanisms of cobalt phosphate on hematite photoanodes studied by photoinduced absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Li Dongfeng , Wei Ruifang , Yin Heng , Zhang Hemin , Wang Xiuli , Li Can
Published: January 2023

Loaded CoPi on Fe2O3facilitates spatial charge separation by dynamic hole storage mechanisms, in which CoPi receives trapped holes in surface states at low potential and directly captures holes in the valence band at high potential.
A convenient route to mixed cationic group 13/14/15 compounds
Authors: Ackermann Matthias T. , Seidl Michael , Grande Riccardo , Zhou Yuqiao , Ferguson Michael J. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Rivard Eric , Scheer Manfred
Published: January 2023

Reactivity studies on the complex IDipp·GeH2BH2OTf with different pnictogenylboranes were carried out. Hereby, unprecedented cationic group 13/14/15 compounds containing chains of only hydrogen-substituted 13/14/15 elements could be obtained.
Structure and bonding patterns in heterometallic organometallics with linear Ln–Pd–Ln motifs
Authors: Cemortan Valeriu , Simler Thomas , Moutet Jules , Jaoul Arnaud , Clavaguéra Carine , Nocton Grégory
Published: January 2023

The heterotrinuclear linear arrangement Ln–Pd–Ln has short Ln–Pd distances: does it imply a covalent bond?
Estimation of surface free energy at microstructured surface to investigate intermediate wetting state for partial wetting model
Authors: Yu Yankun , Zhang Dejian , Nagayama Gyoko
Published: January 2023

Surface free energy depends on interfacial contact areas between a liquid droplet and the underlying surface, corresponding to the wetting state.
Neurorehabilitation for the Uninsured: Georgia Rehabilitation Services Volunteer Partnership Clinic
Authors: Haarbauer-Krupa Juliet , Eugene DaJuandra , Wallace Tracey , Johnson Susan
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Individuals who experience brain injury and are uninsured often do not have access to health care services following their injury. The Georgia Rehabilitation Services Volunteer Partnership (GA RSVP) Clinic is a free outpatient rehabilitation program for uninsured individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) and/or spinal cord injury (SCI) for all racial and ethnic backgrounds. While the clinic serves people with ABI and SCI, this clinical focus article will focus on people with ABI by describing the clinic, lessons learned from operations, an ABI patient case study, and future directions.

Method:

Our mission is to provide free outpatient rehabilitation care that maximizes independence, wellness, and community participation. The clinic has been in operation since September 2020, staffed by volunteers who provide services once a month in donated space at a rehabilitation hospital. We currently have 69 active volunteers, seven founding Board of Directors, and 17 founding Advisory Board members. We provide education to clients and their families and run peer and family support groups. For clients who cannot attend due to medical or transportation challenges, we have added telehealth services. We have 11 partner organizations as well as individual donor's financial support. The Chair of the clinic volunteers 50% of time managing clinic operations.

Results:

From September 2020 to December 2021, we provided care for 40 clients: 23 clinic admissions and 17 were provided information/referral services to access necessary health care services.

Conclusions:

A volunteer, free outpatient rehabilitation clinic is feasible and can contribute to improved outcomes for uninsured individuals with ABI. Further research to understand impact on patient outcomes is needed.
Effectiveness of Constraint-Induced Language Therapy for Aphasia: Evidence From Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Raymer Anastasia M. , Roitsch Jane
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Constraint-induced language therapy (CILT) is an aphasia treatment that incorporates neuroplasticity principles of forced verbal use and high-intensity training to facilitate language recovery in individuals with stroke-induced aphasia (Pulvermüller et al., 2001). The burgeoning CILT literature has led to systematic reviews (SRs) that summarize treatment results. In this project, we appraised the quality and examined findings reported in several SRs to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of CILT.

Method:

We searched multiple databases for SRs that summarized CILT research for poststroke aphasia. We identified six SRs, among which three summarized findings qualitatively and three included meta-analysis (MA) to quantify results. We rated each SR for methodologic quality using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2; Shea et al., 2017) and extracted findings across the six SRs.

Results:

Two reviewers reliably applied the AMSTAR 2 to the six SRs. Although the six SRs generally were conducted with satisfactory rigor, each was lacking two or more critical domains. Descriptive summaries in SRs reported positive effects of CILT for language and communication measures. However, the three MAs showed that effects of CILT often did not surpass those of comparison treatments for naming, comprehension, and repetition measures. MA findings were positive in a review that included all research designs and evaluated treatment effects for trained naming items. Generalized CILT effects for standardized language measures were limited in two other MAs.

Conclusions:

CILT led to improvements in a variety of language and communication measures. When compared with intensive multimodality treatments, CILT effects were similar, suggesting that training intensity may be the potent factor in CILT outcomes. Future SRs should be implemented with increased rigor across quality rating scale domains to increase confidence in conclusions.
Computational synthesis of control barrier functions with applications in automotive lane keeping supervisory control
Authors: Duan Yue , Zeng Xiangrui
Published: January 2023

The control barrier function (CBF) provides a good tool to design supervisory controllers for safety‐critical systems. However, constructing a CBF for a general nonlinear system is a challenging task. This paper presents a general CBF computational synthesis approach for nonlinear affine systems with state constraints and input constraints using sum‐of‐squares (SOS) programming. System dynamics and state constraints are approximated using polynomial functions, and the input constraints are approximated using linear functions. The CBF synthesis algorithm is presented step‐by‐step, and tricks to deal with potential numerical issues during the SOS optimizations are discussed. The proposed algorithm is applied to an automotive lane keeping application to synthesize a CBF, and a supervisory control based on this CBF is designed. The effectiveness and resilience of this CBF‐based supervisory control against disturbance are illustrated in simulation with a 14‐degree‐of‐freedom vehicle dynamics model. Results show that this CBF‐based supervisory control can improve the resilience of nominal controllers in automotive lane keeping applications.
Crystallisation regulation of long‐chain branched polypropylene on dielectric performance and energy density for metallised film capacitors
Authors: Xiao Meng , Zhang Mengdie , Du Boxue
Published: January 2023

The degradation of dielectric properties of polypropylene (PP) at high temperature affects the operational stability of metallised film capacitors. This study presents a method to improve the high‐temperature dielectric performance of PP through long‐chain branching modification and regulating the crystalline properties. Different amounts of nucleating agents were added to long‐chain branched polypropylene (LCBPP) to study the effect of crystallisation on electrical properties. The results show that the long‐chain branches improve thermal stability by enhancing the chain entanglement, and also increase the number of crystals due to heterogeneous nucleation. The addition of nucleating agents promotes the crystallisation of LCBPP, which increases the nucleation density and improves the crystallinity. The regulation of the microstructure of PP suppresses the relaxation of the chains and limits the charge transport. The dielectric constant of the modified films with long‐chain branching is slightly increased, and the doping of nucleating agents has little effect on the dielectric constant and loss of LCBPP. At 125°C, the conductivity of the modified LCBPP films with the addition of 0.05 wt% nucleating agent decreased by 2 orders of magnitude and the breakdown strength increased by 26.3%. This study has implications for improving the dielectric properties of PP films.
Cascaded deep NN‐based customer participation by considering renewable energy sources for congestion management in deregulated power markets
Authors: Agrawal Anjali , Walde Pratima , Pandey Seema N. , Srivastava Laxmi , Saket R. K. , Khan Baseem
Published: January 2023

Continuously varying loading conditions and the cost‐based operation of a competitive power market lead to the problem of congestion as one of the most crucial issues. In day‐ahead power market operation (PMO), customer participation (CP) and generation rescheduling (GR) are the most effective techniques preferred by the system operator to eliminate congestion. In this paper, a cascaded Deep Neural Network (DNN) module has been presented for estimating customer participation and power generated by Wind Energy Source (WES) as on‐site generation (OSG) to manage congestion. The proposed module is a cascade combination of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as a filtering module (FM) and DNN as a congestion management (CM) module. The CM module estimates the customer participation for all receptive costumers, power supplied by wind energy sources under uncertain conditions and generation rescheduling of all generators with minimum cost for all unseen congested power system loading patterns. The proposed CM approach provides an instant and efficient solution to manage congestion with minimum cost. The developed module has been examined on IEEE 30‐bus power system. The maximum error found in the testing phase is 1.1865% which is very less and within the acceptable limit.
A novel adaptive neuro linear quadratic regulator (ANLQR) controller design on DC‐DC buck converter
Authors: Roosta Vahid , Ghamari Seyyed Morteza , Mollaee Hasan , Zarif Mohammad Hadad
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes an Adaptive Neuro Linear Quadratic Regulator (ANLQR) controller for Buck converter operating under harmful disturbances. Considering the real‐time condition of a converter with regular variations, Neural Network is adopted to improve and tune the gain of the LQR strategy with an adaptive mechanism. This strategy assumes the system as a Gray‐box process without the need for the exact mathematical model of the system which can result in lower computational burden, faster dynamics, and ease of implementation. ANLQR control strategy is a suitable alternative considering its significant robustness against different disturbances, particularly noise. It should be mentioned that the number of neurons is limited to 2 and 4 in each layer to decrease the computational burden with lower complexity. The advantages of this ANLQR method is justified for various operating situations through experimental and simulation outcomes. Moreover, LQR and PSO‐PID controllers are designed and compared with the presented strategy to carry on a comparison with the proposed method. Furthermore, this approach provides better outcomes with faster dynamics and better frequency adaption in the real‐time environments.
The discovery of a transitive phenomenon in the radio emission of the mode-switcher PSR B0943+10
Authors: Suleymanova S. A. , Bilous A. V.
Published: January 2023

PSR B0943+10 is known to switch between two distinct, hour-long modes of radio emission, bright (B) and quiet (Q). The switches in both directions have so far been thought to occur instantly (on the scale of the spin period). We have found a transitive process around the Q-to-B-mode switch, which consists of two additional short-lived modes, each with distinct average profiles and subpulse drift rates. Based on observations at low radio frequencies, we examine the properties of these transitive modes and discuss their implications in the framework of the traditional carousel model of drifting subpulses.
Low-order wavefront control using a Zernike sensor through Lyot coronagraphs for exoplanet imaging
Authors: Pourcelot R. , Por E. H. , N’Diaye M. , Benard H. , Brady G. , Canas L. , Carbillet M. , Dohlen K. , Laginja I. , Lugten J. , Noss J. , Perrin M. D. , Petrone P. , Pueyo L. , Redmond S. F. , Sahoo A. , Vigan A. , Will S. D. , Soummer R.
Published: January 2023

Context. Wavefront sensing and control (WFSC) will play a key role in improving the stability of future large segmented space telescopes while relaxing the thermo-mechanical constraints on the observatory structure. Coupled with a coronagraph to reject the light of an observed bright star, WFSC enables the generation and stabilisation of a dark hole (DH) in the star image to perform planet observations.

Aims. While WFSC traditionally relies on a single wavefront sensor (WFS) input to measure wavefront errors, the next generation of instruments will require several WFSs to address aberrations with different sets of spatial and temporal frequency contents. The multiple measurements produced in such a way will then have to be combined and converted to commands for deformable mirrors to modify the wavefront subsequently.

Methods. We asynchronously operate a loop controlling the high-order modes digging a DH and a control loop that uses the rejected light by a Lyot coronagraph with a Zernike wavefront sensor to stabilize the low-order aberrations. Using the HiCAT testbed with a segmented telescope aperture, we implement concurrent operations and quantify the expected cross-talk between the two controllers. We then present experiments that alternate high-order and low-order control loops to identify and estimate their respective contributions.

Results. We show an efficient combination of the high-order and low-order control loops, keeping a DH contrast better than 5 × 10−8 over a 30 min experiment and stability improvement by a factor of 1.5. In particular, we show a contrast gain of 1.5 at separations close to the DH inner working angle, thanks to the low-order controller contribution.

Conclusions. Concurrently digging a DH and using the light rejected by a Lyot coronagraph to stabilize the wavefront is a promising path towards exoplanet imaging and spectroscopy with future large space observatories.
Adult Clinical Perfusion Practice Survey: 2020 results
Authors: Lohbusch Breana , Olson Kaylee , Magowan Benjamin , Cherichella Robert , Wolverton Jeremy , Dell’Aiera Laura , Likosky Donald S. , Fitzgerald David
Published: January 2023

Background: Cardiovascular perfusion is a dynamic healthcare profession where new practices are frequently introduced. Despite the emergence of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, little is known about their dissemination at the institutional level. Clinical practice surveys have been used to identify current trends in perfusion practice in the areas of equipment, techniques, and staffing. This survey aims to describe clinical perfusion practices across adult cardiac surgical programs located in a large, single, geographical region of the United States.Methods: Following Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, an 81-question survey was distributed to 167 adult perfusion programs across the Zone IV region of the American Society of Extracorporeal Technology (AmSECT), a non-profit professional society representing the extracorporeal technology community. Surveys were distributed to chief perfusionists through the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) web-based survey response system.Results: Responses were received from 58 of 167 centers across (34.7% response rate). Centrifugal pumps were used at 81% (n = 47) of centers and 96.6% (n = 56) use an open venous system or hard-shell venous reservoir. Del Nido was the most frequently used cardioplegia strategy with 62.1% (n = 36) of centers reporting its use. The use of electronic medical records was reported in 43% (n = 25) of centers, while 84.5% (n = 49) reported using Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) protocols (>75% of all CPB activities). Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) support was reported in 93.1% (n = 54) of programs, with 59.2% of programs (n = 34) employing a perfusionist as ECMO Coordinator. Then + 1 staffing model was reported by 50% (n = 29), with 24% supporting then + 1 staffing for after-hours and on-call procedures.Conclusion: Clinical practice surveys can be effective tools to inform clinicians about contemporary perfusion practice and identify deviations from professional standards and guidelines. Subsequent surveys may describe trends over time, assess standardization of practice, measure adherence to evidence-based guidelines, and foster improved patient care and outcomes.
The Effect of Connecting Sites in the Environment of a Harvested Population
Authors: Bravo de la Parra Rafael , Poggiale Jean-Christophe , Auger Pierre
Published: January 2023

This work presents a model of a harvested population in a multisite environment. Locally it has the shape of the Gordon-Schaefer model. This model gives rise, placing us in the case of a fishery, to an equilibrium of the stock and the fishing effort and, therefore, of the yield that is obtained per unit of time. Considering that the management of the fishery can act on the fishing costs, the yield is optimized as a function of the cost. The objective of the work is to compare the maximum obtained yield in two extreme cases: unconnected sites and connected sites with rapid movements of both the stock and the fishing effort. The analysis of the model, first in an environment with two sites and later with any number of them, makes it possible to establish the conditions for one of the two cases to be more favorable from the point of view of the yield. In this way, it is proposed towards which of the two compared cases management should be directed.
Les couleurs des verres
Authors: Lelong Gérald , de Ligny Dominique
Published: January 2023

Des billes de notre enfance aux vitraux des cathédrales, le verre coloré exerce sur nous une grande fascination. La coloration du verre, souvent voulue pour donner un aspect esthétique ou protéger le contenu, est aussi parfois subie du fait de la présence d’impuretés comme le fer. Même à très faible concentration, le fer peut colorer le verre du vert au jaune en passant par le bleu.

Nous allons ici expliquer que les colorations sont principalement obtenues de manière soustractive par des centres actifs, tels que les métaux de transition et les nanoparticules. D’autres effets physiques, comme la photoluminescence ou les interactions photoniques, peuvent également induire des colorations.
Analysis of an explanted dual mobility cup after 21 years, parabolic wear pattern: A case report
Authors: Fessy Michel-Henri , Fessy Arthur , Viste Anthony
Published: January 2023

Case: A dual mobility cup was implanted in 1983 in a 43-year woman. After 31 years of normal function, we analysed the explanted materials with modern techniques. Conclusion: Volumetric wears of the small and large articulations of the dual-mobility construct were similar. For the first time, we demonstrated that the dual-mobility liner underwent parabolic (not linear) wear during the period of implantation.
Nucleic acid nanostructures for in vivo applications: The influence of morphology on biological fate
Authors: Langlois Nicole I. , Ma Kristine Y. , Clark Heather A.
Published: January 2023

The development of programmable biomaterials for use in nanofabrication represents a major advance for the future of biomedicine and diagnostics. Recent advances in structural nanotechnology using nucleic acids have resulted in dramatic progress in our understanding of nucleic acid-based nanostructures (NANs) for use in biological applications. As the NANs become more architecturally and functionally diverse to accommodate introduction into living systems, there is a need to understand how critical design features can be controlled to impart desired performance in vivo. In this review, we survey the range of nucleic acid materials utilized as structural building blocks (DNA, RNA, and xenonucleic acids), the diversity of geometries for nanofabrication, and the strategies to functionalize these complexes. We include an assessment of the available and emerging characterization tools used to evaluate the physical, mechanical, physiochemical, and biological properties of NANs in vitro. Finally, the current understanding of the obstacles encountered along the in vivo journey is contextualized to demonstrate how morphological features of NANs influence their biological fates. We envision that this summary will aid researchers in the designing novel NAN morphologies, guide characterization efforts, and design of experiments and spark interdisciplinary collaborations to fuel advancements in programmable platforms for biological applications.
Microfluidic techniques for mechanical measurements of biological samples
Authors: Salipante Paul F.
Published: January 2023

The use of microfluidics to make mechanical property measurements is increasingly common. Fabrication of microfluidic devices has enabled various types of flow control and sensor integration at micrometer length scales to interrogate biological materials. For rheological measurements of biofluids, the small length scales are well suited to reach high rates, and measurements can be made on droplet-sized samples. The control of flow fields, constrictions, and external fields can be used in microfluidics to make mechanical measurements of individual bioparticle properties, often at high sampling rates for high-throughput measurements. Microfluidics also enables the measurement of bio-surfaces, such as the elasticity and permeability properties of layers of cells cultured in microfluidic devices. Recent progress on these topics is reviewed, and future directions are discussed.
Propionate exerts neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects in the peripheral nervous system
Authors: Grüter Thomas , Mohamad Nuwin , Rilke Niklas , Blusch Alina , Sgodzai Melissa , Demir Seray , Pedreiturria Xiomara , Lemhoefer Katharina , Gisevius Barbara , Haghikia Aiden , Fisse Anna Lena , Motte Jeremias , Gold Ralf , Pitarokoili Kalliopi
Published: January 2023

In inflammatory neuropathies, oxidative stress results in neuronal and Schwann cell (SC) death promoting early neurodegeneration and clinical disability. Treatment with the short-chain fatty acid propionate showed a significant immunoregulatory and neuroprotective effect in multiple sclerosis patients. Similar effects have been described for patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Therefore, Schwann cell’s survival and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) outgrowth were evaluated in vitro after propionate treatment and application of H2O2 or S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-L-penicillamine (SNAP) to evaluate neuroprotection. In addition, DRG resistance was evaluated by the application of oxidative stress by SNAP ex vivo after in vivo propionate treatment. Propionate treatment secondary to SNAP application on DRG served as a neuroregeneration model. Histone acetylation as well as expression of the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) 2 and 3, histone deacetylases, neuroregeneration markers, and antioxidative mediators were investigated. β-hydroxybutyrate was used as a second FFAR3 ligand, and pertussis toxin was used as an FFAR3 antagonist. FFAR3, but not FFAR2, expression was evident on SC and DRG. Propionate-mediated activation of FFAR3 and histone 3 hyperacetylation resulted in increased catalase expression and increased resistance to oxidative stress. In addition, propionate treatment resulted in enhanced neuroregeneration with concomitant growth-associated protein 43 expression. We were able to demonstrate an antioxidative and neuroregenerative effect of propionate on SC and DRG mediated by FFAR3-induced histone acetylases expression. Our results describe a pathway to achieve neuroprotection/neuroregeneration relevant for patients with immune-mediated neuropathies.
Noncollinear antiferromagnetic textures driven high-harmonic generation from magnetic dynamics in the absence of spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Ly Ousmane
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate the generation of high order harmonics in carrier pumping from precessing ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic orders, excited via magnetic resonance, in the presence of topological antiferromagnetic textures. This results in an enhancement of the carrier dynamics by orders of magnitude, enabling for an emission deep in the THz frequency range. Interestingly, the generation process occurs in an intrinsic manner, and is solely governed by the interplay between the s-d exchange coupling underlying the noncollinear antiferromagnetic order and the dynamical s-d exchange constant of the magnetic drive. Therefore, the relativistic spin–orbit interaction is not required for the emergence of high harmonics in the pumped currents. Accordingly, the noncollinear topological antiferromagnetic order is presented as an alternative to spin–orbit interaction for the purpose of harnessing high harmonic emission in carrier pumping. Furthermore, we demonstrate the emergence of high harmonics from random magnetic impurities. This suggests the universality of the magnetically induced high harmonic emission in the presence of real and/or momentum space noncollinear textures. Our proposal initiates a tantalizing prospect for the utilization of topological textures in the context of the highly active domains of ultrafast spintronics and THz emission.
Towards atom manufacturing with framework nucleic acids
Authors: Chen Xiaoliang , Yan Bingjie , Yao Guangbao
Published: January 2023

Atom manufacturing has become a blooming frontier direction in the field of material and chemical science in recent years, focusing on the fabrication of functional materials and devices with individual atoms or with atomic precision. Framework nucleic acids (FNAs) refer to nanoscale nucleic acid framework structures with novel properties distinct from those of conventional nucleic acids. Due to their ability to be precisely positioned and assembled at the nanometer or even atomic scale, FNAs are ideal materials for atom manufacturing. They hold great promise for the bottom-up construction of electronic devices by precisely arranging and integrating building blocks with atomic or near-atomic precision. In this review, we summarize the progress of atom manufacturing based on FNAs. We begin by introducing the atomic-precision construction of FNAs and the intrinsic electrical properties of DNA molecules. Then, we describe various approaches for the fabrication of FNAs templated materials and devices, which are classified as conducting, insulating, or semiconducting based on their electrical properties. We highlight the role of FNAs in the fabrication of functional electronic devices with atomic precision, as well as the challenges and opportunities for atom manufacturing with FNAs.
Increasing coverage of mono-layer graphene grown on hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Jiang Chengxin , Chen Lingxiu , Wang Huishan , Chen Chen , Wang Xiujun , Kong Ziqiang , Wang Yibo , Wang Haomin , Xie Xiaoming
Published: January 2023

Graphene sitting on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) always exhibits excellent electrical properties. And the properties of graphene on h-BN are often dominated by its domain size and boundaries. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising approach to achieve large size graphene crystal. However, the CVD growth of graphene on h-BN still faces challenges in increasing coverage of monolayer graphene because of a weak control on nucleation and vertical growth. Here, an auxiliary source strategy is adapted to increase the nucleation density of graphene on h-BN and synthesis continuous graphene films. It is found that both silicon carbide and organic polymer e.g. methyl methacrylate can assist the nucleation of graphene, and then increases the coverage of graphene on h-BN. By optimizing the growth temperature, vertical accumulation of graphitic materials can be greatly suppressed. This work provides an effective approach for preparing continuous graphene film on h-BN, and may bring a new sight for the growth of high quality graphene.