bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flood risk assessment of the Garita River in the urban zone of San Luis Potosí City, by hydrodynamic modeling
Authors: Onchi-Ramos Katya , Rodríguez-Cuevas Clemente , Couder-Castañeda Carlos , Padilla-Pérez Diego-Alfredo
Published: July 2024

Rapid and uncontrolled urban growth and land use changes in watersheds worldwide have led to increased surface runoff within metropolitan areas, coupled with climate change, creating a risk for residents during the rainy season. The city of San Luis Potosí is no exception to this phenomenon. One affected watercourse is the Garita Stream, which flows inside the city near urbanization. It is essential to analyze the effects of urban sprawl on this stream based on historical precipitation data for the town. Hydrological and topographical information were required to conduct this research. The hydrological study of the basin involved analyzing the region’s geomorphology and historical climatological data. For the stream’s topography, aerial photogrammetry using an unmanned aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) equipment was employed to conduct topographic surveys in the area. To find out when the Garita stream would overflow and which areas are most likely to flood, numerical modeling was done using 1D, 2D, and 3D programs like SWMM5 (Storm Water Management Model), HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System), and EDFC Explorer (Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code). These models simulated different return periods and their correlation with current flooding events recorded in the area, thereby further proposing solutions to mitigate overflow issues. By conducting these simulations and analyzing the results, solutions can be suggested to address the overflow problems in the area based on historical flood events at various return periods caused by the Garita Stream.
Asymmetric affective polarization regarding COVID-19 vaccination in six European countries
Authors: Filsinger Maximilian , Freitag Markus
Published: July 2024

While recent research has shown that supporters and opponents of COVID-19 vaccination have polarizing political attitudes and beliefs, we lack a thorough understanding of how these two groups think about each other. To investigate the feelings and stereotypes between supporters and opponents of COVID-19 vaccination, this study draws on cross-sectional survey data from six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom), collected between January and March 2022 (n = 6379). Our findings indicate an opinion-based affective polarization between supporters and opponents of COVID-19 vaccination. Both groups not only adopt different positions on the issue but also display dynamics of in-group favoritism and out-group hostility. Most notably, our assessment of thermometer scores and character trait ratings shows that this affective polarization is asymmetric, as it is stronger among the pro-vaccination group. Our findings are critical to the control of infectious diseases because affective polarization has been shown to influence health behaviors such as compliance with government policies. The issue is even more pressing as globalization boosts the threat of pandemic emergence and accelerates the global transmission of diseases.
Inconsistent advice by ChatGPT influences decision making in various areas
Authors: Ikeda Shinnosuke
Published: July 2024

The ChatGPT technology is increasingly becoming a part of our daily lives and is starting to be utilized in various decision-making contexts. The current study builds upon prior research, demonstrating that people’s moral decision-making is influenced by ChatGPT across three perspectives, as evidenced by two studies (total n = 1925). The findings suggested that ChatGPT advice impacted decision-making similarly to expert advice, although not all decisions were susceptible to influence, particularly those based on negative emotions. Additionally, ChatGPT advice affected decisions beyond moral judgments, but no effect was observed when the advice recommended immediate low rewards. Moreover, individuals with a higher tendency for personal fear of invalidity were more likely to be influenced by both expert and AI advice, but this was not related to trust in AI.
Electrochemical exfoliation of graphene from pencil lead
Authors: Jiwarawat Natchanon , Leukulwatanachai Thapan , Subhakornphichan Kunbhass , Limwathanagura Siwagorn , Wanotayan Sittinadh , Atthi Nithi , Pankiew Apirak , Pungetmongkol Porpin
Published: July 2024

Addressing an ever-increasing demand for graphene in recent years, simple, accessible, and effective graphene synthesis methods are essential. One of such methods is to use a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) to perform an electrochemical exfoliation. While this is one of the simplest and most cost-effective methods, the limited availability and price of HOPG hinders its usage. Our study proposed a simple and economical electrochemical exfoliation of pencil lead, producing graphene with properties comparable to that produced from HOPG. The electrical properties are determined by depositing graphene onto a screen-printed electrode. Graphene from pencil leads can achieve an electrical resistance as low as 1.86 kΩ, marking over 80% improvement in electrical performance compared to bare electrodes. This finding provides an alternative for the synthesis of graphene, increasing its availability and the cost-effectiveness as well as contributing towards a potential commercialization of the method in the future.
Optimizing bioremediation techniques for soil decontamination in a linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy framework
Authors: Alolaiyan Hanan , Hayat Misbah , Shuaib Umer , Razaq Abdul , Salman Mohammed Abdullah , Xin Qin
Published: July 2024

Bioremediation techniques, which harness the metabolic activities of microorganisms, offer sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches to contaminated soil remediation. These methods involve the introduction of specialized microbial consortiums to facilitate the degradation of pollutants, contribute to soil restoration, and mitigate environmental hazards. When selecting the most effective bioremediation technique for soil decontamination, precise and dependable decision-making methods are critical. This research endeavors to tackle the aforementioned concern by utilizing the tool of aggregation operators in the framework of the Linguistic Intuitionistic Fuzzy (LIF) environment. Linguistic Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (LIFSs) provide a robust framework for representing and managing uncertainties associated with linguistic expressions and intuitionistic assessments. Aggregation operators enrich the decision-making process by efficiently handling the intrinsic uncertainties, preferences, and priorities of MADM problems; as a consequence, the decisions produced are more reliable and precise. In this research, we utilize this concept to devise innovative aggregation operators, namely the linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy Dombi weighted averaging operator (LIFDWA) and the linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy Dombi weighted geometric operator (LIFDWG). We also demonstrate the critical structural properties of these operators. Additionally, we formulate novel score and accuracy functions for multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problems within LIF knowledge. Furthermore, we develop an algorithm to confront the complexities associated with ambiguous data in solving decision-making problems in the LIF Dombi aggregation environment. To underscore the efficacy and superiority of our proposed methodologies, we adeptly apply these techniques to address the MADM problem concerning the optimal selection of a bioremediation technique for soil decontamination. Moreover, we present a comparative evaluation to delineate the authenticity and practical applicability of the recently introduced approaches relative to previously formulated techniques.
Controlling hypersonic boundary layer transition with localized cooling and metasurface treatments
Authors: Oz Furkan , Kara Kursat
Published: July 2024

This study investigates a novel method to control hypersonic boundary layer transition using a combined local cooling and local metasurface treatment. The method’s effectiveness was investigated on a 5-degree half-angle blunt wedge with a nose radius of 0.0254 mm at a freestream Mach number of 6.0 using direct numerical simulations and linear stability theory. We explored four cases: (i) adiabatic baseline case, (ii) locally cooled case, (iii) local metasurface case, and (iv) combined local cooling-local metasurface case. Results showed that the combined local cooling-local metasurface treatment significantly reduced both wall pressure disturbance amplitude and the density perturbation amplitude around the sonic line, indicating a potential for controlling hypersonic boundary layer transition. In the local cooling-local metasurface case, the disturbance amplitude at the end of the computational domain was 270 times lower than the baseline case. The study also examined the impact of Reynolds numbers, ranging from 25.59 million per meter to 32.80 million per meter. Unsteady simulations revealed that the Reynolds number had a negligible effect on the local cooling-local metasurface performance, indicating that the proposed method applies to a wide range of flight conditions.
Saltwater intrusion and human health risks for coastal populations under 2050 climate scenarios
Authors: Mueller William , Zamrsky Daniel , Essink Gualbert Oude , Fleming Lora E. , Deshpande Aniruddha , Makris Konstantinos C. , Wheeler Benedict W. , Newton John N. , Narayan K. M. Venkat , Naser Abu Mohd , Gribble Matthew O.
Published: July 2024

Populations consuming saline drinking water are at greater risk of high blood pressure and potentially other adverse health outcomes. We modelled data and used available datasets to identify countries of higher vulnerability to future saltwater intrusion associated with climate change in 2050 under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP)4.5 and RCP8.5. We developed three vulnerability criteria to capture geographies with: (1) any coastal areas with projected inland saltwater intrusion of ≥ 1 km inland, (2) > 50% of the population in coastal secondary administrative areas with reliance on groundwater for drinking water, and 3) high national average sodium urinary excretion (i.e., > 3 g/day). We identified 41 nations across all continents (except Antarctica) with ≥ 1 km of inland saltwater intrusion by 2050. Seven low- and middle-income countries of higher vulnerability were all concentrated in South/Southeast Asia. Based on these initial findings, future research should study geological nuances at the local level in higher-risk areas and co-produce with local communities contextually appropriate solutions to secure equitable access to clean drinking water.
Perceived social fairness and trust in government serially mediate the effect of governance quality on subjective well-being
Authors: Ma Yongqiang , Ma Baobin , Yu Lichun , Ma Mingyang , Dong Yibing
Published: July 2024

Governance quality refers to how well the processes and institutions of public governance function and is widely recognized as having an important influence on human well-being. We developed and tested a theoretical model that elucidates the relationship between governance quality and the subjective well-being of residents in China by revealing the serial mediation effects of perceived social fairness and trust in government. Using data from the nationally representative Chinese Social Survey conducted in 2021 (n = 5019), we performed structural equation modeling to empirically examine our hypotheses. The results indicated that governance quality exerted a significant positive fully indirect impact on subjective well-being through perceived social fairness, trust in government, and their serial mediation effects. This study contributes to the literature by providing valuable insights into the determinants of subjective well-being and highlighting the serial mediating roles of perceived social fairness and trust in government in the relationship between governance quality and subjective well-being. The findings also provide practical insights for policymakers, as they indicate that promoting perceived social fairness and fostering trust in government are essential to translate governance quality into subjective well-being.
Magnetic and thermodynamic control of coordination network crystallization using a hexaazaphenalene-based ligand
Authors: Jiang Qiao , Suzuki Hiroaki , Wada Yuki , Wang Xiaohan , Murakami Yoichi , Matsumoto Takaya , Usov Pavel M. , Kawano Masaki
Published: July 2024

Assembly of coordination networks from Cd(ii) and a multi-interactive hexaazaphenalene-based ligand was successfully modulated using magnetic fields and thermodynamic control.
Nitroso-azomethine(ene) reaction enabled annulations of nitrosoarenes, azomethines and alkenes
Authors: Purkait Anisha , Pal Surya Veer Singh , Soni Kaushik , Bhattacharyya Kalishankar , Jana Chandan K.
Published: July 2024

An unprecedented example of a nitroso-azomethine(ene) reaction, where azomethine acts as ene-component, mediated annulation of nitrosoarenes, azomethines, and alkenes to arylquinolines is reported.
MXene materials in electrochemical energy storage systems
Authors: Gu Qinhua , Cao Yiqi , Lu Ming , Zhang Bingsen
Published: July 2024

MXenes, due to their unique geometric structure, rich elemental composition, and intrinsic physicochemical properties, have multi-functional applications.
Lithium–silver alloys in anode-less batteries: comparison in liquid- and solid-electrolytes
Authors: Lee Ju-Hyeon , Heo Jeong Yeon , Kim Ji Young , Bae Ki Yoon , Son Samick , Lee Ji Hoon
Published: July 2024

In situ X-ray characterizations and electron microscopy observations reveal that lithium deposits in anode-less batteries are more homogeneous in solid electrolytes than in liquid electrolytes, attributed to the diffusional Coble creep process.
The trials and triumphs of modelling X-ray absorption spectra of transition metal phthalocyanines
Authors: Boydas Esma Birsen , Roemelt Michael
Published: July 2024

This study explores the electronic structure of Co, Fe, and Mn phthalocyanines and their fluorinated counterparts. Their metal L-edge and ligand (N,F) K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) are simulated in an angle-resolved manner.
Bifidobacterium bifidum alleviates adenine-induced acute kidney injury in mice by improving intestinal barrier function
Authors: Meng Yang , Zhao Maozhen , Ma Qiyu , Hua Qinglian , Hu Jinpeng , Zhou Qi , Yi Huaxi , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Lanwei
Published: July 2024

Bifidobacterium bifidum FL228.1, FL276.1 and ZL.1 effectively improved kidney function in mice with AKI by regulating the gut microbiota dysregulation, inhibiting intestinal inflammation and rebuilding the intestinal mucosal barrier.
Impact of green-synthesized Mg-doped Mn ferrite nanoparticles on light-driven degradation of dyes and their optoelectronic applications
Authors: N. Adarshgowda , Naik H. S. Bhojya , G. Vishnu , K. G. Manjunatha , S. Hareeshanaik
Published: July 2024

Using Ocimum sanctum extract as fuel, magnesium-doped manganese ferrite nanoparticles with the chemical formula MgxMn1−xFe2O4, where x = 0.0–0.6, were synthesized using a green microwave-assisted combustion method.
Quantum engineering of the radiative properties of a nanoscale mesoscopic system
Authors: Doronin I. V. , Zyablovsky A. A. , Andrianov E. S. , Kalmykov A. S. , Gritchenko A. S. , Khlebtsov B. N. , Wang S.-P. , Kang Bin , Balykin Victor I. , Melentiev Pavel N.
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate new insights into the interactions between molecules and electromagnetic fields by carefully shaping their energy levels through their strong matter–wave coupling, demonstrating a new type of fluorescent probe for imaging.
Computational modelling of graphene/aluminum nitride (GP/AlN) hybrid materials for the detection of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (DCP) pollutant
Authors: Apebende Chioma G. , Amodu Ismail O. , Ogbogu Miracle N. , Unimuyi Ubua P. , Raimi Monsurat Alarape , Igomah Godwin O.
Published: July 2024

Despite their efficacy in eliminating undesired crops and increasing yield, a range of environmental issues and chronic ailments arise when hazardous chemicals are highly concentrated in wastewater and then deposited into rivers, lakes or the air.
Exploring the optical management and efficiency limit of luminescent solar concentrators based on advanced luminophores
Authors: Nie Qi , Li Wenqing , Li Kuilin , Luo Xiao
Published: July 2024

This work provides new insights for predicting the efficiency limit of LSCs. The use of tandem LSCs based on luminophores of singlet-fission and CuInSe2/ZnS is considered a promising method to achieve optimal efficiency.
Encapsulation of 5-fluorouracil in cholesteryl-modified cyclodextrin: thermal, spectral, and computational assessment of drug inclusion efficiency
Authors: Misiak Paweł , Maliszewski Bartosz , Pawłowska Zuzanna , Ignaczak Anna , Wilczewska Agnieszka Z.
Published: July 2024

This study explores the encapsulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) within cholesteryl-modified β-cyclodextrin (CD21chol), aiming to elucidate the drug inclusion efficiency through a detailed analysis using both experimental and computational methods.
Photo-responsive Diels–Alder based azobenzene-functionalized main-chain liquid crystal networks
Authors: Park Minwook , Guillen Campos Jesus , Stricker Friedrich , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: July 2024

This study highlights the contribution of photothermal softening to reversibly control rheological properties of the newly developed LCNs prepared using a catalyst-free Diels–Alder cycloaddition and demonstrates the ability to tune the modulus.
An edge‐based event‐triggered delayed distributed algorithm for economic dispatch in smart grids
Authors: Ren Chengze , Hu Xuguang , Zhao Haoran , Sun Qiuye
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an edge‐based event‐triggered delay distributed algorithm for solving the economic dispatch problem (EDP) in smart grids. The objective of the EDP is to minimize the total generation cost by allocating power to individual generators, each with its local generation constraint. To save the overhead of communication resources between agents, an edge‐based event‐triggered mechanism is suggested. By setting distinct triggering thresholds for each communication edge, the agent may efficiently regulate the communication frequency among all neighbors. However, in practice, owing to the instability of the network, the agent may receive information regarding its neighbors, leading to communication lags for every communication link. The virtual agent technique and double‐stochastic matrix augmentation technique provide an equivalent delay‐free EDP. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can asymptotically converge to the global optimal solution as long as the communication delay is arbitrary, time‐varying, and random, but bounded. Objective and clear evidence is provided through a case study in smart grids to verify the algorithm's feasibility.
GR‐Former: Graph‐reinforcement transformer for skeleton‐based driver action recognition
Authors: Xu Zhuoyan , Xu Jingke
Published: July 2024

In in‐vehicle driving scenarios, composite action recognition is crucial for improving safety and understanding the driver's intention. Due to spatial constraints and occlusion factors, the driver's range of motion is limited, thus resulting in similar action patterns that are difficult to differentiate. Additionally, collecting skeleton data that characterise the full human posture is difficult, posing additional challenges for action recognition. To address the problems, a novel Graph‐Reinforcement Transformer (GR‐Former) model is proposed. Using limited skeleton data as inputs, by introducing graph structure information to directionally reinforce the effect of the self‐attention mechanism, dynamically learning and aggregating features between joints at multiple levels, the authors’ model constructs a richer feature vector space, enhancing its expressiveness and recognition accuracy. Based on the Drive & Act dataset for composite action recognition, the authors’ work only applies human upper‐body skeleton data to achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance compared to existing methods. Using complete human skeleton data also has excellent recognition accuracy on the NTU RGB + D‐ and NTU RGB + D 120 dataset, demonstrating the great generalisability of the GR‐Former. Generally, the authors’ work provides a new and effective solution for driver action recognition in in‐vehicle scenarios.
A collaborative WSN‐IoT‐Animal for large‐scale data collection
Authors: Abdoul Aziz Hamayadji , Abba Ari Ado Adamou , Ndam Njoya Arouna , Djedouboum Assidé Christian , Mohamadou Alidou , Thiare Ousmane
Published: July 2024

In recent years, large‐scale data collection systems have developed rapidly in many fields, including agriculture, transport and many others. The internet of things (IoT), whose main platform is wireless sensor networks (WSNs), is behind this development. Comprising thousands of sensors of different kinds, their main purpose is to collect and transmit data. Several data collection techniques have been proposed, including static, mobile and hybrid approaches. The challenges faced by these techniques are considerable, and include energy conservation, planning and trajectory optimisation during data collection, most importantly, the challenges related to the communication between the static sensors generally distributed in a more or less large geographical space and the mobile data collection system (UAV, vehicle, robot etc.). Not to mention the cost, which remains enormous for the agricultural sectors. A hybrid WSN‐IoT‐Animal that is self‐configured to improve data acquisition over large agricultural areas is presented. The main objective and originality of the heterogeneous semi‐modern scheme proposed here oscillating between traditional agriculture and precision agriculture is the use of animals as data collection tools. The main contribution here is the design of a simple and efficient model of data collection that is easily accessible by farmers by adapting the available resources. This model describes and adopts a sensor deployment method based on the notion of the hypergraph, which provides adequate coverage and ensures communication between the mobile sink and a subset of peripheral sensors chosen in alternation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed protocol in terms of network lifetime compared to other works. In addition, the amount of data received by the mobile sink demonstrates the importance of this approach in terms of connectivity for large‐scale data collection.
Discovery of HCCCH2CCH in TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey
Authors: Fuentetaja R. , Agúndez M. , Cabezas C. , Tercero B. , Marcelino N. , Pardo J. R. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: July 2024

We present the first detection in space of 1,4-pentadiyne. It has been found towards TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey in the 31–50 GHz range. We observed a total of 17 transitions with J = 2 up to 13 and Ka = 0, 1 and 2. The observed transitions allowed us to derive a rotational temperature of 9.5 ± 0.5 K and a column density of (5.0 ± 0.5) × 1012 cm−2. This molecule was the last non-cyclic isomer of the C5H4 family that could be detected via radio astronomy. A computational chemistry study was performed to determine the energies of the five most stable isomers. The isomer (c-C3H3CCH) has a considerably higher energy than the others, and it has not yet been detected. To better understand the chemical reactions involving these species, we compared the ethynyl and cyano derivatives. The observed abundances of these species are in good agreement with the branching ratios of the formation reactions studied with our chemical model of TMC-1.
Revealing the inner workings of the lensed quasar SDSS J1339+1310: Insights from microlensing analysis
Authors: Fian C. , Muñoz J. A. , Jiménez-Vicente J. , Mediavilla E. , Chelouche D. , Kaspi S. , Forés-Toribio R.
Published: July 2024

Aims. We aim to unveil the structure of the continuum and broad-emission line (BEL) emitting regions in the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1339+1310 by examining the distinct signatures of microlensing present in this system. Our study involves a comprehensive analysis of ten years (2009–2019) of photometric monitoring data and seven spectroscopic observations acquired between 2007 and 2017.

Methods. This work focuses on the pronounced deformations in the BEL profiles between images A and B, alongside the chromatic changes in their adjacent continua and the striking microlensing variability observed in the r-band light curves. We employed a statistical model to quantify the distribution and impact of microlensing magnifications and utilized a Bayesian approach to estimate the dimensions of various emission regions within the quasar. To establish a baseline relatively free of microlensing effects, we used the cores of the emission lines as a reference.

Results. The analysis of the r-band light curves reveals substantial microlensing variability in the rest-frame UV continuum, suggesting that image B is amplified relative to image A by a factor of up to six. This finding is corroborated by pronounced microlensing-induced distortions in all studied BEL profiles (Lyα, Si IV, C IV, C III], and Mg II), especially a prominent magnification of image B’s red wing. These microlensing signals surpass those typically observed in lensed quasars, and the asymmetric line profile deformations imply an anisotropic broad-line region (BLR). We estimated the average dimensions of the BLR to be notably smaller than usual: the region emitting the blue wings measures R1/2 = 11.5 ± 1.7 light-days, while the red wings originate from a more compact area of R1/2 = 2.9 ± 0.6 light-days. From the photometric monitoring data, we inferred that the region emitting the r-band is R1/2 = 2.2 ± 0.3 light-days across. Furthermore, by assessing the gravitational redshift of the UV Fe III blend and combining it with the blend’s microlensing-based size estimate, we calculated the central SMBH’s mass to be MBH ∼ 2 × 108 M⊙.
Numerical simulations for the SAXO+ upgrade: Performance analysis of the adaptive optics system
Authors: Goulas C. , Galicher R. , Vidal F. , Mazoyer J. , Ferreira F. , Sevin A. , Boccaletti A. , Gendron E. , Béchet C. , Tallon M. , Langlois M. , Kulcsár C. , Raynaud H-F. , Galland N. , Schreiber L. , Bernardino Dinis I. , Wildi F. , Chauvin G. , Milli J.
Published: July 2024

Context. SPHERE, operating at the VLT since 2014, is currently one of the high-contrast instruments with a higher performance. Its adaptive optics system, known as SAXO, will be upgraded to SAXO+, which features the addition of a second stage of adaptive optics. This stage will use a near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor to record images of fainter exoplanets around redder stars.

Aims. In this work, we compare the performance of SAXO and SAXO+. We look for the optimal values of the key system parameters of SAXO+ for various science cases and turbulence conditions.

Methods. We performed numerical simulations using COMPASS, an end-to-end adaptive optics simulation tool. We simulated perfect coronagraph images of an on-axis point source, and we minimized the residual starlight intensity between 3 and 5 λ/D as a performance criterion. The explored parameter space includes science cases (described by magnitude in G and J bands), turbulence conditions (seeing and coherence time), and key system parameters (first and second stage gains, first and second stage frequencies, pyramid modulation radius, pyramid modal gains optimization).

Results. In every science case and turbulence condition, SAXO+ reduces the residual starlight intensity inside the correction zone of the second stage by a factor of ten compared to SAXO. The optimal first stage gain is lower for SAXO+ than for SAXO alone. We quantified the gain in performance of SAXO+ when changing the second stage frequency from 2 to 3 kHz, and we conclude that 2 kHz may be sufficient for most realistic conditions. We give the optimal first stage gain as well as the first and second stage frequencies for every seeing, coherence time, and science case. Finally, we find that a 2 λWFS/D pyramid modulation radius is a good trade-off between performance and robustness against varying turbulence conditions.

Conclusions. This study shows that the future SAXO+ system will outperform the current SAXO system in all studied cases.
Das Pferd von hinten aufzäumen
Authors: Schäferkordt Rainer
Published: July 2024

Vorgestellt wird der Ansatz der Meta-Repertorisation, eine Methode zur Analyse
von erfolgreichen Behandlungsfällen, woraus sich konkrete Empfehlungen zur
Fallanalyse und Repertorisation in der täglichen Praxis gewinnen lassen.
Homöopathie erlernen und anwenden mit Dorcsis Stufenplan und
Suggestopädie
Authors: Drexler Leopold
Published: July 2024

Dieser Artikel behandelt 2 unterschiedliche Methoden des Erfassens und der
Verinnerlichung von Arzneimittelbildern als Grundlage für das gemeinsame Ziel
des intuitiven Wiedererkennens der Arznei. Dorcsis Lernmethode führt stufenweise
zur Verinnerlichung der Arzneien und die Suggestopädie zum Erleben der Arzneien
mit allen Sinnen, visuell, auditiv, olfaktorisch, kinästhetisch verbunden mit
sozialem Lernen als Grundlage für eine Arzneiwahl im Krankenhaus und in der
Praxis.
Significance of the sFlt-1/PlGF Ratio in Certain Cohorts – What Needs to be Considered?
Authors: Graupner Oliver , Verlohren Stefan , Groten Tanja , Schlembach Dietmar , Stepan Holger , Kuschel Bettina , Karge Anne , Pecks Ulrich
Published: July 2024

The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio is an established tool in clinical practice, where it is part of a diagnostic algorithm and informs the prognosis of preeclampsia (PE). Maternal and gestational comorbidities can affect the performance of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and its constituent elements, and a good understanding of the potential pitfalls is required. The objective of this paper was to provide a current narrative review of the literature on the diagnostic and predictive performance of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in specific patient cohorts. Potential factors which can negatively affect the clinical interpretability and applicability of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio include chronic kidney disease, twin pregnancy, and maternal obesity. Pathophysiological mechanisms related to these factors and disorders can result in different concentrations of sFlt-1 and/or PlGF in maternal blood, meaning that the use of standard cut-off values in specific cohorts can lead to errors. To what extent the cut-off values
should be adapted in certain patient cohorts can only be clarified in large prospective cohort studies. This applies to the use of the ratio both for diagnosis and prognosis.
Meine Anteilnahme – Deine Sensationslust? Motivzuschreibungen für das Zuschauen an Notfalleinsatzorten unterliegen dem fundamentalen Attributionsfehler
Authors: Martin Denis C. , Przyrembel Marisa
Published: July 2024

Um zu erklären, warum Menschen an Unglücksorten zusehen, werden bisher auf theoretischer Basis biologische, individual- und sozialpsychologische Motive herangezogen. Empirische Untersuchungen in rettungsmedizinischen Kontexten fehlen bislang.

In diesem Artikel werden anderen zugeschriebene Beweggründe für das Zuschauen an Einsatzorten erhoben. Zusätzlich wird ermittelt, wie viele Personen qua Selbstauskunft bereits bei Rettungsmaßnahmen zugesehen haben und was die eigenen Beweggründe dafür waren. Diese Beweggründe werden gegenübergestellt und mit bestehenden theoretischen Annahmen abgeglichen.

Studie 1 – repräsentative Bevölkerungsbefragungen (t1 n = 1032, t2 n = 1012) im Abstand eines Jahres zu eigenem Zuschauen und Beweggründen bzw. jenen anderer. Studie 2 – Gelegenheitsstichprobe (n = 40) zur Bewertung der in Studie 1 ermittelten Beweggründe.

Die Mehrheit der Befragten verneint, selbst an Einsatzorten zugesehen zu haben (t1: 80,1%, t2: 86,9%). Zu t2 berichten 131 Personen (12,95%) von eigenem Zuschauen und nennen ihre eigenen Beweggründe dafür. Insgesamt entsprechen diese weitestgehend den in der notfallpsychologischen Literatur postulierten Motiven. Die Beweggründe anderer werden überwiegend dispositional und abwertend ausdrückt. Dagegen werden eigene Beweggründe stärker selbstwertdienlich und situational formuliert. Die Daten werden vor dem Hintergrund des fundamentalen Attributionsfehlers diskutiert.
Ablation of Primary and Recurrent Thyroid Cancer: Current and Future Perspectives
Authors: Freeman Toliver , Pena Olivia , Sag Alan Alper , Young Shamar
Published: July 2024

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and its incidence is increasing, driven in part by the advent of ultrasound, and subsequent increased detection of small, early thyroid cancers. Yet even for small tumors, thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection remains standard of care. Specific to well-differentiated thyroid cancer, surgery has come under scrutiny as a possible overtreatment, in light of stable and favorable survival rates even as guidelines have allowed fewer radical resections and lymph node dissections over time. Moreover, thyroid cancer unfortunately has a known recurrence rate regardless of therapy, and surgical re-intervention for local structural recurrence is eventually limited by scar. Radioactive iodine therapy, another accepted treatment, is minimally invasive but can only treat patients with iodine-avid tumors. For all of these reasons, image-guided thermal ablation has emerged as a valuable complementary tool as a thyroid-sparing, parathyroid-sparing, voice-sparing, repeatable, minimally invasive outpatient focal therapy for both primary and recurrent well-differentiated thyroid cancers. However, the data are still evolving, and this represents a new patient cohort for some interventional radiologists. Therefore, the goal of this review is to discuss the technique and evidence for ablation of patients with thyroid cancer.
An Interventional Radiologist's Guide to Lung Cancer
Authors: Fish Adam G. , Madoff David C.
Published: July 2024

Lung cancer continues to be the third leading cause of cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths. As the field of interventional oncology continues to grow, interventional radiologists are increasingly treating lung cancer patients. Involvement begins with tissue diagnosis for which biomarkers and immunohistochemistry are used to guide selective and advanced medical therapies. An interventional radiologist must be aware of the rationale behind tissue diagnosis and techniques to minimize biopsy complications. Staging is an important part of tumor board conversations and drives treatment pathways. Surgical therapy remains the gold standard for early-stage disease but with an aging population the need for less invasive treatments such as radiation therapy and ablation continue to grow. The interventionalist must be aware of the indications, techniques, and pre- and posttherapy managements for percutaneous ablation. Endovascular therapy is broadly divided into therapeutic treatment of lung cancer, which is gaining traction, and treatment of lung cancer complications such as hemoptysis. This review aims to provide a good basis for interventional radiologists treating lung cancer patients.
Image-Guided Ablation of Renal Masses: Challenges to Produce High-Quality Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Chan Vinson Wai-Shun , Ng Helen Hoi-Lam , Wah Tze Min
Published: July 2024

Image-guided ablation (IGA) is a rapidly developing field in interventional oncology. There is some evidence suggesting IGA's non-inferiority compared with partial or radical nephrectomy for the treatment of small renal masses (SRM). However, these are mostly limited to retrospective cohort studies. This review article outlines the evidence comparing IGA to partial nephrectomy by collating the different survival measures and evaluates the challenges of producing clinical trials and high-quality evidence. The main challenges are due to the heterogeneity of SRM, patient selection bias, unstandardized endpoint and outcomes, and the lack of global practice standards. Despite the evidence thus far demonstrating that IGA stands as a non-inferior treatment modality for SRMs, exhibiting favorable short- and long-term outcomes, further robust research is needed to integrate ablation techniques into routine clinical practice with a multidisciplinary approach. There is emerging evidence that suggests randomized controlled trial in SRMs is possible, and technologies such as histotripsy as well as artificial intelligence are used in IGA.
Consensus Guidelines of Irreversible Electroporation for Pancreatic Tumors: Protocol Standardization Using the Modified Delphi Technique
Authors: Vos Danielle J. W. , Ruarus Alette H. , Timmer Florentine E. F. , Geboers Bart , Bagla Sandeep , Belfiore Giuseppe , Besselink Marc G. , Leen Edward , Martin II Robert C. G. , Narayanan Govindarjan , Nilsson Anders , Paiella Salvatore , Weintraub Joshua L. , Wiggermann Philipp , Scheffer Hester J. , Meijerink Martijn R.
Published: July 2024

Since no uniform treatment protocol for pancreatic irreversible electroporation (IRE) exists, the heterogeneity throughout literature complicates the comparison of results. To reach agreement among experts, a consensus study was performed. Eleven experts, recruited according to predefined criteria regarding previous IRE publications, participated anonymously in three rounds of questionnaires according to a modified Delphi technique. Consensus was defined as having reached ≥80% agreement. Response rates were 100, 64, and 64% in rounds 1 to 3, respectively; consensus was reached in 93%. Pancreatic IRE should be considered for stage III pancreatic cancer and inoperable recurrent disease after previous local treatment. Absolute contraindications are ventricular arrhythmias, implantable stimulation devices, congestive heart failure NYHA class 4, and severe ascites. The inter-electrode distance should be 10 to 20 mm and the exposure length should be 15 mm. After 10 test pulses, 90 treatment pulses of 1,500 V/cm should be delivered continuously, with a 90-µs pulse length. The first postprocedural contrast-enhanced computed tomography should take place 1 month post-IRE, and then every 3 months. This article provides expert recommendations regarding patient selection, procedure, and follow-up for IRE treatment in pancreatic malignancies through a modified Delphi consensus study. Future studies should define the maximum tumor diameter, response evaluation criteria, and the optimal number of preoperative FOLFIRINOX cycles.
Noninvasive Tests to Assess Fibrosis and Disease Severity in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
Authors: Tincopa Monica A. , Loomba Rohit
Published: July 2024

Risk of disease progression and clinical outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with fibrosis stage and presence of “at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).” Although liver biopsy is considered the gold standard to diagnose MASH and stage of fibrosis, biopsy is infrequently performed in clinical practice and has associated sampling error, lack of interrater reliability, and risk for procedural complications. Noninvasive tests (NITs) are routinely used in clinical practice for risk stratification of patients with MASLD. Several NITs are being developed for detecting “at-risk MASH” and cirrhosis. Clinical care guidelines apply NITs to identify patients needing subspecialty referral. With recently approved Food and Drug Administration treatment for MASH and additional emerging pharmacotherapy, NITs will identify patients who will most benefit from treatment, monitor treatment response, and assess risk for long-term clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine the performance of NITs to detect “at-risk MASH,” fibrosis stage, response to treatment, and risk of clinical outcomes in MASLD and MASH.
Discovering ABO3-type perovskite with different dielectric constants via intelligent optimization algorithm
Authors: Yao Taizhong , Chen Lanping , Hu Nan , Xu Lei , Sun Sichao
Published: July 2024

Nowadays, dielectric materials are playing an increasingly important role in various fields. A high dielectric constant (D) can store more charge per unit volume, improving performance, reducing device size, lowering D limit cross communication, and enabling better packaging of devices. Differentiating high D and low D has been recognized as a significant concern in electronics. However, calculating the dielectric constant from first principles is notoriously difficult. Therefore, it is essential to find important descriptors for predicting the dielectric constant (D) of different dielectric materials. In this work, a novel intelligence optimization approach was proposed based on data-driven methods to predict the dielectric constant (D) of ABO3-type perovskites. By applying the machine learning (ML) algorithm, key features strongly correlated with D were identified. To reduce feature dimension, Random Forest Regression-Gradient Boosting Regressor (RFR-GBR) feature screening, sure independence screening, and the sparsifying operator approach were employed to compress the feature set for creating valid descriptors. Furthermore, the Shapley additive explanation technique was used to reveal the scaling relation between the dielectric constant and the identified descriptors for predicting the D of ABO3-type perovskites. In addition, a hybrid artificial rabbits optimization algorithm and random forest regression were developed for predicting D, achieving remarkable predictive performance with an R2 score of 0.95, MAE of 0.23, and RMSE of 0.108 using five-fold cross-validation. Ultimately, from a pool of 300 candidate materials, we screened and identified two potential dielectric perovskites with different D values. The proposed framework will facilitate D prediction technology for the discovery of dielectric perovskite materials with favorable performance.
Breakthrough-induced loop formation in evolving transport networks
Authors: Żukowski Stanisław , Cornelissen Annemiek Johanna Maria , Osselin Florian , Douady Stéphane , Szymczak Piotr
Published: July 2024

Transport networks, such as vasculature or river networks, provide key functions in organisms and the environment. They usually contain loops whose significance for the stability and robustness of the network is well documented. However, the dynamics of their formation is usually not considered. Such structures often grow in response to the gradient of an external field. During evolution, extending branches compete for the available flux of the field, which leads to effective repulsion between them and screening of the shorter ones. Yet, in remarkably diverse processes, from unstable fluid flows to the canal system of jellyfish, loops suddenly form near the breakthrough when the longest branch reaches the boundary of the system. We provide a physical explanation for this universal behavior. Using a 1D model, we explain that the appearance of effective attractive forces results from the field drop inside the leading finger as it approaches the outlet. Furthermore, we numerically study the interactions between two fingers, including screening in the system and its disappearance near the breakthrough. Finally, we perform simulations of the temporal evolution of the fingers to show how revival and attraction to the longest finger leads to dynamic loop formation. We compare the simulations to the experiments and find that the dynamics of the shorter finger are well reproduced. Our results demonstrate that reconnection is a prevalent phenomenon in systems driven by diffusive fluxes, occurring both when the ratio of the mobility inside the growing structure to the mobility outside is low and near the breakthrough.
Joint sparse optimization: lower-order regularization method and application in cell fate conversion
Authors: Hu Yaohua , Hu Xinlin , Kwok Wai Yu Carisa , Qin Jing
Published: July 2024

Multiple measurement signals are commonly collected in practical applications, and joint sparse optimization adopts the synchronous effect within multiple measurement signals to improve model analysis and sparse recovery capability. In this paper, we investigate the joint sparse optimization problem via

ℓ

p
,
q

regularization (

0
⩽
q
⩽
1
⩽
p

) in three aspects: theory, algorithm and application. In the theoretical aspect, we introduce a weak notion of joint restricted Frobenius norm condition associated with the

ℓ

p
,
q

regularization, and apply it to establish an oracle property and a recovery bound for the

ℓ

p
,
q

regularization of joint sparse optimization problem. In the algorithmic aspect, we apply the well-known proximal gradient algorithm to solve the

ℓ

p
,
q

regularization problems, provide analytical formulas for proximal subproblems of certain specific

ℓ

p
,
q

regularizations, and establish the global convergence and linear convergence rate of the proximal gradient algorithm under some mild conditions. More importantly, we propose two types of proximal gradient algorithms with the truncation technique and the continuation technique, respectively, and establish their convergence to the ground true joint sparse solution within a tolerance relevant to the noise level and the recovery bound under the assumption of restricted isometry property. In the aspect of application, we develop a novel method, based on joint sparse optimization with lower-order regularization and proximal gradient algorithm, to infer the master transcription factors for cell fate conversion, which is a powerful tool in developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Numerical results indicate that the novel method facilitates fast identification of master transcription factors, give raise to the possibility of higher successful conversion rate and in the hope of reducing biological experimental cost.
Weakening of N = 28 shell gap and the nature of

0

2

+

states
Authors: Maheshwari Bhoomika , Nomura Kosuke
Published: July 2024

The work reports a novel application of the interacting boson model in light-mass region around 48Ca, that takes into account intruder states and configuration mixing. The model is shown to provide a reasonable description of the observed low-lying yrast and yrare states of the N = 28 even–even isotones from Si to Fe, and even–even Ca isotopes. The nature of

0

2

+

states is addressed in terms of the competition between spherical and deformed intruder configurations, and the rigidity of the N = 28 shell gap is tested, particularly for 44S. The

0

2

+

isomer in 44S is shown to arise from a weak mixing between the two configurations and called as shape isomer. The unresolved low-lying spectra in 46Ar is also approached using the core-excitations across N = 28 shell. The SU(3) structure in 42Si is supported by the present calculation. The nearly spherical nature of 50Ti, 52Cr, 54Fe and 42,44,46Ca isotopes is found, while the core excitations are found to be essential for the description of yrare states. Shell model calculation is also performed for comparison.
3D-ElectroZip touch: multi-directional haptic feedback with electro-ribbon zipping actuators
Authors: Pan Yuhan , Hou Ningzhe , Sun Wenjie , Taghavi Majid
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces the 3D-ElectroZip Touch, a multi-directional force feedback device developed using dielectrophoretic liquid zipping actuation. The device is designed to stimulate the sense of normal and shear forces by moving in vertical and multiple horizontal directions. Its performance, including displacement, force, and actuation time has been characterized under input voltages from 6 kV to 9 kV, demonstrating a displacement range of 5–11 mm, force range of 0.05 N to 0.22 N, power output ranges from 0.08 W to 0.077 W, and maximum energy efficiency of 72%. The 3D-ElectroZip Touch shows a quick response to the input signal, moving its contact panel by 1.1 mm in 70 ms (36.5% of human reaction time) at 9 kV. Comparing its basic characteristics with the skin sensitivity and the lightweight, compliance, and scalability of the 3D-ElectroZip Touch technology show its high potential to be exploited in tactile displays and wearable haptic feedback devices.