bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMERGENT RECOMBINANT PROTEINS IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Ahmad Dr. Sharique , Anwar Subuhi
Published: June 2024

Recombinant proteins are made into expression vectors that can be used to clone recombinant DNA. which enables messenger RNA to be translated and the gene to be expressed. A gene can be altered using recombinant DNA technology, which might cause a mutant protein to be produced. A modified form of natural protein is called recombinant protein, which is created in a number of ways to increase protein output, change gene sequences, and make useful commercial commodities. Production of recombinant proteins starts at the genetic level with the extraction and cloning of the desired protein's coding sequence into an expression plasmid vector. Although they are expressed in cultivated bacteria, yeast, animal cells, and plants, the bulk of therapeutically beneficial recombinant proteins are made by humans. Recombinant proteins have benefits for clinical diagnostics, including uniform production, scalability, and controlled quality, which result in more reliable and consistent test findings. They play a crucial role in tests such as immunoassays, molecular diagnostic methods, and others that rely on how precisely antigens and antibodies interact with other biomolecules. Recombinant technology has been used to make biopharmaceuticals like insulin, interferons, monoclonal antibodies, and cytokines effectively. With the development of more specialized and efficient medicines, these proteins have transformed the treatment of numerous illnesses, including genetic diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER BEFORE & AFTER STORED IN COPPER
Authors: Begum Sophiya , Mohammadi Nazia , Ahmed Summaya , Shaheen Sameera
Published: June 2024

Water is the country's most abundant natural resource, but water shortages affect more than 40% of people around the world. Water plays an important role in health and 1.5-2 liters of water intake per day must be guaranteed because good hydration is necessary to maintain the body’s water balance, although needs may differ from person to person. Water intended for human consumption includes drinking water (treated or untreated) for all domestic uses. The mineral composition makes it possible to classify natural mineral waters. Such as Bicarbonate mineral water, Chlorine mineral water, Sodium rich mineral water. The examination was carries out using the methods of sampling given in IS3025 part 1:1987 for chemical tests ISI622:1981 for bacteriological tests or other applicable standards. Water samples were collected directly from three different sources in a new pot bottle and kept in a 2L copper jar overnight for about 12-13 hours. The analysis was done both in the before and after the copper pot. The physical attributes of the mineral composition of water are under permissible limit as per WHO guidelines.
CHILD ABUSE AND POCSO ACT 2012: APPROACH, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTION
Authors: Gupta Dr. Richa , Mittal Dr. Anjesh , Chegudi Dr. Manogna
Published: June 2024

Child abuse is a serious violation of children's rights, impacting their well-being globally. This paper examines the prevalence, forms, reasons, and management of child abuse, with a focus on India's Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act. The Act addresses child sexual abuse through stringent punishments and child-friendly procedures. Despite efforts, challenges persist, requiring ongoing collaboration and prevention measures. Globally, child abuse remains a pressing issue, demanding collective action to protect children from harm and ensure their well-being.
ANATOMY OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IN KIDNEY - POORLY UNDERSTOOD AND IMPORTANT IN FUTURE
Authors: Nazir Dr. Maheen , Mohammad Bhat Prof. Dr Ghulam
Published: June 2024

The cortex of a healthy kidney contains a significant number of renal lymphatics, though these have often been overlooked in discussions related to kidney diseases. These lymphatics originate within the renal lobule's core as capillaries that come to a closed end. They can either accompany alongside the primary vesselsin the direction of hilum, or they can pierce the kidneys’ outer surface to connect with capsular lymphatics. Valves are absent in the interlobular lymphatics, enabling cortical lymph to move bidirectionally. The medulla contains only a sparse number of lymphatics. Lymph originates from the interstitial fluid in the cortex, consisting mainly of capillary filtrate, yet also containing fluid reabsorbed from the tubules.The formation of renal lymph depends mainly on two factors: the volume of interstitial fluid and the pressure within the veins inside the kidney. The interaction between impaired renal lymphatic function and swelling in the renal interstitial area creates a reciprocal negative effect. These interactions are anticipated to diminish renal function as a result of changes in pressure within the enclosed kidney. This mechanism bears importance in various prevalent renal conditions.
STEM CELL, STEM CELL BASED THERAPY AND IT'S PROMISING APPLICATION ON CHRONIC AND LIFE THREATENING DISORDERS: A REVIEW
Authors: Kumar Mr Ladi Alik , Babu Ms. Sucharita , Kumar Dash Mr. Anup , Biswal Mr. Soumyaranjan , Pattnaik Dr. Gurudutta
Published: June 2024

In recent years, stem cell treatment has become a highly desirable and innovative field of study in science. There are high expectations for the development of treatment procedures. The idea of regenerative medicine—which involves harnessing the body's own stem cells and growth factors to heal tissues—may come to pass as fresh discoveries in basic science and preliminary clinical experiences have "teamed up" to create different approaches to treating the illness. Research on stem cells and the growing understanding of biological concepts in the regeneration of oral and dental tissues are expected to lead to a paradigm change in the treatment armament for dental and oral illnesses. This will lead to a fervent search for "biological solutions to biological problems." .Early data from groundbreaking research has demonstrated the potential breakthrough that stem cells offer for a number of serious illnesses that have eluded current medical treatment. This book chapter's main focus are the identification of diverse stem cells and potential therapies derived from these cells.
PERIODONTAL BIOENGINEERING
Authors: Chellapandi Sugirtha , Dharuman Smriti
Published: June 2024

Periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis and gingivitis, are prevalent oral health conditions affecting a significant portion of the global population. Traditional treatment approaches for periodontal diseases, such as scaling and root planning, have limitations in achieving complete regeneration of periodontal tissues. In recent years, bioengineering approaches have emerged as promising strategies to regenerate and restore periodontal tissues. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of periodontal bioengineering, focusing on tissue engineering, regenerative therapies, and the use of biomaterials. Furthermore, it discusses key advancements and potential future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
A COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON KOTTAMCHUKKADI LEPA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BREAST FIBROADINOMA
Authors: C Dindur Dr. Shweta , M.Tolamatti Dr. Bhakti
Published: June 2024

Background: Fibro adenomas are one of the most common benign tumors of the breast accounting to 46.6% to 55.6% [8] of all breast masses found in the active reproductive phase of Indian women population. The contemporary system of medicine uses analgesia and surgery as the line of management for breast fibro adenoma. Cosmetologically, surgery being less accepted by women, medical management of it is need of the hour. Objective: To Assess the Efficacy of Kottamchukkadi Lepa in Fibroadenoma of the Breast. Study Design: The present study was an Exploratory Single arm, Open label clinical trial conducted on 30 patients attending the OPD &IPD of SDMIAH, Bengaluru C/O movable rubbery mass, pain, tenderness & heaviness, in either unilateral or bilateral breasts were randomly selected for the trial. Material & Methods: patients were treated with Kottamchukkadichurna mixed with required quantity of Gomutraarka, to get lepa like consistency. It was applied over the breast for 20 minutes, avoiding the area of nipple and later washed with warm water. It was applied for 7 days with follow ups on 15, 30, 45 days. Result: the collected data was evaluated and statistically analyzed, where 100% of patients observed reduction in heaviness, pain and tenderness whereas no significant effect was observed on the size of the fibro adenoma. Conclusion: Breasts being the most important external identification of femininity, any abnormality in the breast contour can have devastating psychological effects on women. Kottamchukkadilepa which is non-invasive easily available, cost effective and easy administration at OPD level, having better patient acceptance proves to be a new ray of hope in the management of Fibroedenoma of the breasts.
PRESENT AND FUTURE ULTRAMORDERN TRENDS FOR - CORRECTING SELENIUM TOXICANT IN EN-VIRONMENT USING NATURAL BACTERIAL BIO-FILMS AND NANOSTRUCTURES SYNTHESIZED BY GREEN TEHNOLOGY
Authors: Saxena Devraj R. , J. Tiwary Ghanshyam
Published: June 2024

Selenium is a rare earth element, a metalloid and occur in four different valence states in the environment such as +VI, +IV, O and –II. The oxyanion selenate (SeO42-), se-lenite ( SeO32-) are abundant in the strata of earth crusts and spread in soil and aquatic eco-systems because of anthropogenic activities It is a micronutrient of cells but assume toxicity at higher concentrations by interaction with glutathione and related biomolecules, these may get reduced, as a result of this reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 or superoxide ions that are librated lead to death of cells. Naturally occurring microorganisms easily se-quester, bioconvert or biomethylate toxic oxyanions of selenium. Aerobic and anaerobic microbes either alone or together of mono and multispecies as biofilms, bioflocs and engi-neered SeNPs employing bio-films/microconsortia, various bioreactors in-vented that used fabricated nanostructures from non biological material and role in bio-conversion of oxy-anions of Se to elemental selenium by bacteria has been discussed. Green technology incorporate bioremediation strategies to recover elemental Se(O) due to multitude advantages like simple, risk free, eco-friendly, low cost, easy to use, no skilled personal is required, it is a sustainable tech-nique for all easy to manage and maintain, etc.
RECURRENT LOWER RESPIRSTORY TRACT INFECTION IN A CASE OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Authors: Chakraborty Dr. Eshan
Published: June 2024

This is a rare case of a 19 year old boy who presented to the emergency department with severe respiratory distress. He was diagnosed as “Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in the background of Muscular Dystrophy”. The onset was subacute and the patient had such recurrent episodes of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in the past 3years. The patient was wheelchair bound. On examination, he had marked kyphoscoliosis, spO2 of 71%@room air with crepts and wheeze. Echo, HRCT Thorax and Blood investigations are mentioned subsequently. He was conservatively treated and discharged.
RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES FOR FARM WOMEN
Authors: Channal Geeta , Desai Rajeshwari , Kapoor Anju , Patil Bhavini
Published: June 2024

Women play an important role in agriculture. Farm women day begins prior to sunrise and lasts past sunset. About 60-80 per cent food are produced by rural women. Despite the fact that women are essential to many agricultural jobs, just 13.00 per cent of rural women in India own land, while 85.00 per cent of them labor in agriculture. Though women share is very high in agricultural and they are spending more hours for work on farm than men still they are paid less than males for the same work. To support and strengthen the rural farm women several rural development programmes were Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Program (PMEGP), National Livelihoods Mission, The DDU-GKY (Deen Dayal Upadhayay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana), PMKVY, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana, Beti Padhao Beti Bachao ,Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY). Gender equality need to be promoted and have access to government programs and schemes.
WOMAN STUDIES
Authors: Mamta Ms.
Published: June 2024

The emergence of Women's Studies marks a significant milestone in academia, reflecting a transformative shift in perspectives on gender, power, and society. This interdisciplinary field has its roots in the feminist movement of the late 20th century, aiming to challenge traditional narratives, uncover hidden histories, and address systemic inequalities. This paper explores the historical trajectory of Women's Studies, tracing its evolution from its early beginnings to its current status as a vital area of scholarship. It examines key themes, methodologies, and contributions of Women's Studies to various disciplines, including sociology, literature, history, and political science. Furthermore, this paper investigates the challenges and controversies that have shaped Women's Studies, such as debates over intersectionality, inclusivity, and academic autonomy. By critically analyzing the emergence and development of Women's Studies, this paper seeks to illuminate its ongoing relevance in promoting gender equality, social justice, and academic diversity.
GAINS FROM TRADE TO INDIA THROUGH DIVERSIFICATION
Authors: Gehlot Sheetal
Published: June 2024

The research idea emanates from the fact that diversifying these components of exports could unleash the gains for India. Over the past few years India’s direction of trade has changed wherein the share of developed regions like EU and America which was approximately 49.54% in India’s exports by the end of the first decade following the economic reforms in 2000 declined to 38.38% in 2005 and 30.31% in 2010. Although the proportion of exports to these regions experienced a slight uptick to 33.73% in the fiscal year 2015, it remains lower in comparison to the share held by other developing areas such as Asia, Africa, and Latin America during the same year.
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AI AND AUTOMATION IN TERMS OF UNEMPLOYMENT, INEQUALITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Kumari Ms. Rohini
Published: June 2024

The advent of automation and artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the global economic landscape over the past few decades. Advances in AI technologies have created new markets and potential for improvement in vital areas such as health, education, energy, economic inclusion, social welfare, and the environment. Over the past few decades, remarkable strides have been made in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. Forecasts indicate that upcoming advancements will be even more remarkable, with experts anticipating transformative changes in the global workforce. Simultaneously, the consequences of these technological strides, particularly in automation and AI, have taken centre stage in discussions about the future. The evolution of AI-driven automation has significant implications: (i) Shift in Labour Market Dynamics (ii) Diminished labour Income Share (iii) Impact on Economic Growth. Despite the potential for supply-side expansion through AI, the full benefits might not be realized due to sluggish wage growth and productivity. This chapter undertakes an exploration of the profound and far-reaching implications of AI and automation on various facets: the labour market, the distribution of income, and the trajectory of economic growth in the long term.
IMPACT OF FRONT LINE DEMONSTRATION FOR ENSURING HOUSEHOLD NUTRITIONAL SECURITY THROUGH DRUMSTICK PLANT
Authors: Sahu Dr. Anjali , Awasthi Dr. Nimisha
Published: June 2024

Krishi Vigyan Kendra carried out some interventions for creating awareness about the use of drumstick plant for nutritional security. After the two year of intervention a survey was planned with the objectives; i) to know the impact of demonstration on the awareness about the uses of drumstick plant, ii)to know the impact of demonstration on the consumption of drumstick plant part for nutritional security, and iii) to know the impact of demonstration on the consumption of drumstick plant part for family. The demonstration was carried out in ten villages (Premwalia, lakshmipur, Amwadeegar, Piperaghat, Davnaha, Devipur, Dhuria Kot, Bahnauli, Persaun, Padri piperpati) of five blocks (Kasia, Dudahi, Seorahi, Tamkuhi Raj & Bishunpura) of the district Kushinagar in the year 2017-18 and in fourteen villages(Dhaurahara, Lachia devariya, Gazipur, Naugavan, saphi tadwa, bhatwalia, Sumuhi Mohan singh, gosai patti, Sohnariya, Persauna, Ramsagra, rakba dulma patti,Ajay nagar, Babuyia herpur) of six blocks (Fazil nagar, Tamkuhi Raj, Padrauna, Dudahi, Seorahi & Bishunpura) of the district Kushinagar in the year 2018-19.The result indicated that average per head consumption of green leaves was 32.5g/day , average consumption of leaves per family was 135g/family/day and the average Consumption of pods per family was 6.1kg .It was also found that the most useable drumstick plant part was the pods which was used by 99.83 % farm families as it ranked Ist in the consumption by farm families.
BINARY TRANSITION METAL OXIDE AS ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
Authors: Priyadharshan M. , Karthikeyan M. , Manohar A. , Akalya A.
Published: June 2024

Binary transition metal oxides (BTMOs) have received a lot of attention as potential new electrode materials for supercapacitors because of their improved structural stability, larger reversible capacity, and higher electronic conductivity. Energy storage technologies have emerged as the leading contenders for the next wave of electrochemical applications in recent years. This chapter includes a thorough explanation of BTMO materials as well as the most popular synthetic techniques. In addition; we analyze a number of prominent BTMOs and their composites for use with supercapacitors. Furthermore, in this exciting area to make considerable progress in future supercapacitor applications are discussed.
GRAPHITIC CARBON NITRIDE: A FUTURISTIC MATERIAL WITH NASCENT APPLICATIONS
Authors: Viswanathan Shalini , A.C Swathi , K Aparna
Published: June 2024

The quest for advanced materials with a wide range of applications is never-ending. A plethora of materials have been invented in the recent past to address the emerging needs of the evolving society. Research has been focused on exploring the new possibilities of existing materials and the development of new materials altogether. Many of these materials show unequivocal improvement in their respective fields of application. Along with the multi functionality, ease of synthesis, performance stability and shelf life are also important for the newly developed materials. Graphitic carbon nitride is an attractive 2-D material with a layered structure. The exceptional optical and electronic properties of the material along with chemical stability, ease of production with high yield and long shelf life make graphitic carbon nitride a possible futuristic material with applications ranging from photocatalysis to bioimaging and nano ion transport. Numerous investigations on the photocatalytic applications of graphitic carbon nitride have been reported in the recent literature. It can be chosen as a representative material for visible light photocatalyst analogue to TiO2 in this regard. Strategies to overcome the bottlenecks of graphitic carbon nitride-mediated photocatalysis have gained quite a research momentum in recent years. Strikingly properties like hydrophobicity, electrical conductivity and thermal behaviour remain largely unexplored. Exploring these properties could contribute to a better understanding of the characteristics of the material so that it could be successfully utilized as a multifunctional futuristic material for emerging applications.
COMPOSITE AS BIOMATERIALS: VERSATILE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Akter Jesmin , Shyamal Mandal Mr.
Published: June 2024

Composites, as biomaterials, refer to engineered materials specifically designed for medical and healthcare applications. These composite materials are composed of two or more distinct components, each with its own unique properties, combined to create a new material with desirable characteristics for biomedical use. The components of these composites work synergistically to achieve superior mechanical, biological, or functional properties compared to the individual components alone. Composites are chosen based on their biocompatibility, mechanical strength, degradation behavior (if applicable), and their ability to interact favorably with the human body. The combination of different materials allows for tailoring of specific properties, making these composites highly versatile and suitable for a wide range of medical applications. Composite biomaterials have significantly advanced medical technology and have been instrumental in various medical applications, including implants, prosthetics, drug delivery, tissue regeneration, and diagnostic tools. Their ability to mimic or enhance the properties of natural tissues makes them essential for improving patient outcomes and overall healthcare. As research and development continue, composite biomaterials are expected to play an increasingly vital role in addressing complex medical challenges and improving the quality of life for patients worldwide.
AN OVERVIEW OF CARBON DOTS SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS TOWARDS ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION
Authors: Selvaraj Vinoth
Published: June 2024

This book chapter captured the importance of existing and emerging carbon dots (CDs) based materials that are inexpensive and vigorously used towards environmental remediation-based applications. This chapter can summarize the photocatalytic degradation of organophosphates by CDs-based composites and hybrid materials synthesis, characterization, and applications towards photocatalytic degradation of organophosphates. Indeed, this chapter would bounce the future insights for the researchers working on the photocatalytic degradation of organophosphates. This survey could scrutinize the fascinating photocatalytic features of CDs that can aid in investigating their interaction with other environmental pollutants. This chapter has benefited materials scientists, chemists, biologists, and clinicians.
BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS: THE VERSATILE FOREVER MATERIAL
Authors: Mandal Dibyendu , Bag Sandip , Mandal Shyamal
Published: June 2024

The chemical embracing multiple smaller molecules, or repeating units, known as monomers, results in the macromolecules known as polymers. Plastics made of natural materials like starch, dextrin and hydroxyl carboxylic acids degrade more faster than most polymeric materials manufactured from petroleum when bare to atmosphere, water, soil organisms, and daylight. These biodegradable materials can be composted, decomposed, and then put back into the ground as beneficial nutrients. Researchers and professionals from a broad spectrum of fields are highly intrigued in biopolymers since they represent a significant class of functional materials that are ideal for high-value applications. In order to solve a number of intricate issues pertaining to good health and wellbeing, interdisciplinary research is crucial to comprehend the fundamental and concrete aspects of biopolymers. There has been a significant amount of effort to substitute synthetic polymers with biodegradable materials, especially ones made from natural resources, in order to diminish the impact on the habitat and reliance on fossil fuels. In this regard, numerous natural or biopolymer varieties have been created to meet the requirements of constantly expanding applications. Due to various special qualities, these biopolymers are increasingly being used in the pharmaceutical and medical sectors in addition to their current use in culinary applications. This book chapter mainly emphasizes the application range of Biomedical polymers in the arena of Medical Science, food and packaging industry and pharmaceuticals from time unknown to the present and stretching and strengthening towards the future.
DRUG DESIGN BY HOMOLOGY MODELING TO INHIBIT BREAST CANCER TARGETING PIGF PROTEIN
Authors: Nambigari Navaneetha , Pendyala Pushpanjali , Prathiba Glory
Published: June 2024

The imbalance between apoptosis and cell proliferation or over-expression of a particular protein and deviation in biological pathways leads to cancer. Several types of cancers exist in which breast cancer is known since ancient times. 5-10% of breast cancers are due to inherited genetic disposition. Obesity, lack of exercise, alcoholism and exposure to ionizing radiations are a few risk factors for the development of breast cancer. In recent research, January 2022, in the United States, around 3.8 million women were identified with breast cancer history. PIGF (Placental growth factor), an angiogenic protein which is a subfamily of VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor)has a vital role in breast cancer. We identified P49763 protein having 221 amino acids as the target protein. For the FASTA sequence, the UniProtKB server was used. Search engine tools that were used to search the template include NCBI, Phyre2, JPred, and HH Pred. PDB Id 1FZV was identified as the suitable template with 92.06% and low E- Value with 65% of query coverage. The clustalW was used for the alignment of the target and template sequence. The Aligned sequence was submitted to the SWISS-MODEL server for the 3D model. The model was verified by ERRAT, PROCHECK, and VERIFY 3D. The Favorable region in the Ramachandran Plot was found to be 91.6%. The ERRAT portal showed overall quality factor of 96.97%. The verify 3D showed less than 80% of amino acids that have scored ≥ 0.1 in the 3D/1D profile. The 3D model built was docked with VEGFR 1(a natural substrate) and identified that CYS34, ASP71, GLY70, SE56, GLU27, PHE25, TRP29, and LEU221 amino acids play a key role in pathway progress. Inhibition of interaction of any of these amino acid residues may hinder cancer development.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS, OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND FIELD EMISSION BEHAVIOUR OF FLUORESCENT CARBON MATERIAL FROM CHRYSANTHEMUM INDICUM AND CITRUS SINENSIS
Authors: S Gowri , V Nandhini , Alias Amirtham P Pungayee , Evangilin Paulin T Esther , Adaikalam C Kelvin
Published: June 2024

Green interaction frameworkseized numerous chemists over the past epoch, owing to their extensive scope of sustainable future. Microwave assisted nanoparticle synthesis target on the reduction of hazardous, non-toxic chemicals and control the environmental pollution in an ecological manner. Carbon materials, the new class of nanomaterial finds promising application in various arenas in virtue of versatile and tunablephysico-chemical, optical, electrical and photoluminescent properties depending upon the chemical structure and chemical composition. The prevailing work emphasis on the microwave assisted bottom-up synthesis of fluorescent carbon particles from Chrysanthemum indicum and Citrus sinensis. An array of chemicals in the flowers function as oxidising /reducing agent aids in the synthesis of carbon material. The following techniques were intrinsically used to identify the green synthesized carbon particles: UV- visible double beam spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), powdered X-ray diffraction and Field Emission - scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface plasmon resonance is responsible for the intensity peak in the UV-visible spectrum at 400-430 nm and the particles porous nature is observed through Field emission scanning electron microscope.
INTRODUCTION, SCOPE AND APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Pagar Tejaswini
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology, a multidisciplinary field, involves manipulating matter at the nanoscale, typically at dimensions less than 100 nanometers. Its introduction revolutionized various sectors, including medicine, electronics, and materials science. Nanoparticle synthesis by various methods like sol-gel method, thermal method, co-precipitation method, mechanical process, etc. The scope of nanotechnology spans from nanomaterials synthesis to device fabrication, enabling unprecedented advancements in diverse applications such as drug delivery, nanoelectronics, and energy storage. This abstract highlights the broad impact and potential of nanotechnology across scientific and industrial landscapes. It is also used in various industries, including fuel cells, food, cosmetics, vaccines, tumor-targeting delivery systems, and others. The separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by a single atom or molecule constitute the primary processes of nanotechnology. There are various types of nanotechnology like nano-medicine, nanoparticles, nano-electronics, nanocomposite, nano-biotechnology, etc. are used in daily life. The nanoparticles are a synthesis of three different types via the Physical method, chemical method, and Biological method and it’s used in medical science, devices, material sciences, nano-lubricants, nan coating, and nanostructures. There is ongoing work underway to develop new nanomaterials and concepts with high conversion efficiency that can produce energy from light, motion, temperature changes, glucose, and other sources. Nanotechnology impacts nearly every aspect of food and agriculture systems, including food security, disease treatment delivery strategies, molecular and cellular biology tools, pathogen detection materials, and environmental protection. Future Prospects of Nanotechnology Applications in Therapeutics. More diseases can be rapidly and accurately identified in their early stages by the use of nanoscale materials as the building blocks for biomarkers as well as sensors that are more accurate than earlier. In the future, nanotechnology might make it possible for objects to absorb energy from their surroundings.
NANOALCHEMY- THE FUSION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AND MATERIAL CHEMISTRY
Authors: Krishnan Radha , Kumar Thakur Piyush , Swarup Dubey Shanti
Published: June 2024

The field of nanoalchemy, which is an innovative combination of material chemistry and nanotechnology, is examined in this abstract. The goal of combining these fields is to optimise their ability to modify and an engineer material at the nanoscale. Nanoalchemy uses cutting-edge techniques to develop new materials with modified features and functions that go beyond accepted boundaries. This essay examines the basic ideas, current practices, and developments in nanoalchemy, highlighting the field's revolutionary effects on a range of fields including energy storage, electronics, and medicine. This abstract emphasises the paradigm-shifting implications of nanoalchemy for the future of material science and technology by offering insights into the synergy between nanotechnology and material chemistry.
METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFS): FUNDAMENTAL, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Sailaja B. B. V. , Sridevi Veluru , Voosala Christopher , Sirisha D. , Talib Hamzah Husam , Adnan Abdullah Thamer
Published: June 2024

The Chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), covering their fundamental aspects, properties, and wide-ranging applications. MOFs, a class of porous crystalline materials, have garnered immense attention due to their tunable structures, exceptional porosity, and unique chemical properties. This chapter delves into the synthesis methods, crystallography, and characterization techniques that underpin MOF research. It also explores the diverse properties of MOFs, including gas sorption, catalysis, and electronic behavior. Moreover, the chapter highlights the manifold applications of MOFs, spanning gas storage, drug delivery, sensing, and environmental remediation. Through this comprehensive overview, the chapter establishes a solid foundation for subsequent discussions on the advancements and emerging trends in MOF research.
EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON THE STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS OF SOL-GEL DERIVED ZnO NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Kalaiselvi N. , Madhu K. U.
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we report the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles prepared via. Sol-gel method. The prepared samples were annealed at 2000C and 8000C for 1hr. The influence of annealing temperature on the particle size and morphology was examined by X ray diffraction. Electrical parameters such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and AC electrical conductivity with respect to frequency and temperature were measured and the results have been analysed. As the process is simple and low-cost, it has the potential to be produced on a large scale.
THE APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Authors: Kumar Chandel Lal , Bhadauria Sheenu
Published: June 2024

Polymeric materials, also known as polymers, have revolutionized numerous industries with their versatile properties and wide range of applications. These synthetic substances, derived from repeating units called monomers, possess exceptional physical and chemical characteristics that make them indispensable in fields such as construction, automotive, healthcare, packaging, and electronics devices. These assignments highlight the diverse applications of polymeric materials and the significant impact they have had on various sectors of the economic growth for the society worldwide.
RECENT TRENDS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN DRUG DISCOVERY
Authors: Rokde Vijayshri , Danao Kishor , Nandurkar Deweshri , Dumore Monali , Sawai Diptanshu
Published: June 2024

The most essential subject to come up is nanotechnology. The rational for this is that some type containing cell targeted treatment, including effective drug delivery release to a targeted cell in addition to that recognition of sickness, advantages from being in the nanoscale range in size, to making it simple to get into human body cells. In 1959, Noble prize winner Richard Feymann introduced the idea of nanotechnology. Prospective uses for nanotechnology in the biological science, notably nanobiotechnology include those for drug discovery. A variety of nanomaterials now exhibit exceptional properties because of recent advances in the fields of chemistry, physics, and material sciences that are expected to enhance the management of many tumours that are currently unresponsive to traditional therapies. Because of their intrinsic cytotoxicity activity, they are going to be able to function as nanocarriers for therapeutic molecules such pharmaceutical nucleic acids, proteins, or immunologic agents. The utilization of numerous nanotechnologies, plusnanoparticles in addition to numerous nanodevices like, nanobiosensors, nanobiochips, and nanoarrays. Nanoliter tests at the nanoscale volume contributes to cost saving. This chapter describes certain nanomaterials that can be used as drug candidates to speed up the drug development process like fullerenes.
SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF POLYMER CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES
Authors: S Ramesh , S Anthuvan Babu
Published: June 2024

The term polymer nanocomposites (PNC) refers to a novel class of composite materials where at least one of the dispersed particle dimensions falls under the nanoscale (10–100 nm). They blend the ideas of composites and materials that are nanoscale in size. The properties of these nanosized materials differ from normal materials because grains, fibers, and plates with a surface area only a few nanometers across have a vastly enhanced surface area. They can be created using easy and affordable methods, and frequently exhibit qualities that are better than those of traditional microscale composites due to the high contact between the components. Clay minerals and layered silicates are widely employed nowadays as reinforcing elements to enhance numerous polymer characteristics. The primary advantages of minerals such as clay as reinforcing materials include their low density, wide availability, affordable price, high aspect ratio, and significant specific surface area, that greatly improves the characteristics of polymers. The detoxification of chromium from industrial effluents at various levels (ppb to μg) assumes considerable importance. In the current work, we discuss the synthesis and various uses of clay-based organic polymer nanocomposites made of polyurethane and poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate).
INVESTIGATION ON EFFECT OF PROCESSING CONDITION ON PARTICLE DISPERSION IN CAST COMPONENT
Authors: R. Mehta Vishal , P. Sutaria Mayur
Published: June 2024

The processing of Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) is widely carry out using liquid state processing route. Particle dispersion is the major concern while processing. The solidification influences dispersion of particles in cast condition. Subsequently, derive the change in mechanical and metallurgical properties of the material. A solidification rate is modify with the use of insulation on mold cavity. In literature, effect of processing condition i.e. insulation on properties of cast components of base metal or alloy were reported without considering metal composites. The aim of the current research is to investigate effect of insulation on particle dispersion in cast composites and to compare and analyse the results with the cast alloy. In the present investigation cube shape LM25/SiC composite (MMC) was developed using stir casting process. The solidification velocity (velocity of the solid-liquid interface) was calculated experimentally with the help of thermocouple, placed inside the mold cavity and associated data acquisition system. Critical velocity of the composite was calculated mathematically. Cube shape casting with two different processing condition were casted i.e. with and without insulation. Microstructure and hardness results were evaluated for the investigation of particle dispersion. From the present investigation it was observed that for LM25/SiC AMC, the solidification velocities above which engulfment occur was 0.087 μm/s with insulation and 0.117 μm/s without insulation. The microstructure images taken at different positions for two conditions reveal that the particles were pushed towards the grain boundaries, which confirms the result obtained from critical velocity calculation.
MXENES: TWO-DIMENSIONAL FUTURISTIC MATERIAL
Authors: Karanbir Singh Uday , Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Taranveer , Kaur Pushpinder , Rastogi Richa
Published: June 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of MXene, a rapidly emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. The discussion covers the fundamental structure and properties of MXenes, elucidating their unique layered morphology and exceptional physicochemical characteristics. Detailed insights are provided into the synthesis techniques employed to fabricate MXenes, highlighting various methods such as etching of MAX phases and their subsequent delamination. Furthermore, this chapter extensively covers the diverse applications of MXenes across multiple fields. The remarkable properties of MXenes, including high conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, and exceptional electrochemical performance, have led to their utilization in energy storage systems, sensors, and numerous other technological domains. The elucidation of MXene's structure, synthesis pathways, and versatile applications underscores their immense potential as a key material in advancing various technological frontiers
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Deka Rinki , Kalita Mukul
Published: June 2024

Nanoparticles are not a recent occurrence in nature; they can be found in nature in the form of minerals, clays, bacterial byproducts etc. Apart from various perspectives of nanotechnology, it plays a crucial role in agriculture. Conventionally, chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides etc. are heavily applied in agriculture to sustain production, which have major adverse effects on the environment including human health. Again, as a result of pest infestation, microbial attacks, natural catastrophes, low-quality soil, and unavailability of nutrients, a third or so of crops are cultivated traditionally which suffer harmful effect. Abiotic stresses like stress caused by salinity and drought, and flood stress are major concerned issues including critical issues like the increasing continuous food demands due to expanding global population. All of these issues cannot be mitigated by using the conventional procedures. Consequently, there is a pressing need to look for better options. Nanotechnology’s use in this context has the potential to revolutionise agriculture’s transition to sustainable practises. Using a range of nanoparticle-based approaches, including nano-sized pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, fertilisers, sensors, etc., it has been thoroughly studied how to preserve plant health and soil. Although nanoparticles have been effectively applied to plants as fertilizers or to promote plant development, little is understood about the mechanism by which nanoparticles migrate across the cell walls. This chapter summarises current efforts to implement cutting-edge nanotechnology in agriculture in diverse directions including socio-economic issue, challenges, which may make it easier to meet the rising need for sustainable food production.
GREEN CHEMISTRY: AN ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY WAY TO NANOMATERIALS SYNTHESIS
Authors: Kaur Taranveer , Karanbir Singh Uday , Kaur Harpreet , Kaur Pushpinder , Rastogi Richa
Published: June 2024

This study provides a comprehensive overview of Green Chemistry: An environmental friendly way to nanomaterial synthesis. This study tells about what Green chemistry is and how it is related to Green nanotechnology. Detailed insights of Green chemistry and it’s twelve basic foundations also lighten up in this study. Furthurmore, this study tells about how and where green chemistry can be used also, elucidate Green nanotechnology and different ways to scheme green nanomaterials with detailed methodologies of nanoparticles synthesis which comprises of Top-down methods, solid state synthesis methods and liquid state synthesis methods with discussing different Green methods of nanoparticles synthesis with discussing their applications in different fields. The synthesis of nanomaterials via green way have immense applications and a key method of environmental friendly way to nanochemistry.
UNVEILING FUTURISTIC TRENDS IN MATERIAL SCIENCE: REVOLUTIONIZING THE WORLD
Authors: Sameer Ahmed Dr. Md , Anjum Begum Mrs. , Ayub Hussain Khan Dr.
Published: June 2024

The domain of materials science has been pivotal in driving technological progress, shaping our modern world through transformative innovations. As society enters a phase characterized by unprecedented technological growth and heightened scientific insight, the field of materials science finds itself poised to redefine various industries. This review article provides a comprehensive exploration of the emerging trends that are reshaping the materials landscape and fundamentally revolutionizing their applications. Central to this investigation is the realm of smart and responsive materials, which represents the vanguard of material science's trajectory. These materials exhibit a remarkable capacity to dynamically adapt and respond to alterations in their environment, with their physical attributes undergoing modifications in reaction to external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, or light. Notable among these materials are shape-memory alloys, capable of "remembering" their original form and seamlessly reverting to it upon heating. The transformative potential of these materials extends across sectors such as aerospace, robotics, medicine, and beyond, augmenting performance and enhancing functionality. Through this review, readers are invited to traverse the ever-evolving terrain of materials science, navigating the multifaceted domain of smart and responsive materials, Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Materials, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Biomimicry and Bio-inspired Materials, 3D printing and additive manufacturing.
OPTICAL, MAGNETIC AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SPINEL MN3O4, CO3O4 NANOSTRUCTURES
Authors: Dadamiah PMD Shaik Dr. , Sameer Ahmed Dr. Md , Anjum Begum Mrs.
Published: June 2024

Manganese oxide (Mn3O4) and Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanocrystals were synthesized using a straightforward and cost-effective combustion method. Structural analysis through X-Ray Diffraction, FTIR Spectroscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy confirmed structure to be tetragonal for Mn3O4 with space group of I41/amd (141) and the cubical for Co3O4 with space group Fd3m (227). The usual microscopic crystal sizes were determined using the Debye Scherer formula, resulting in approximately 14 nm & 22 nm for manganese oxide and cobalt oxide respectively. Scanning electron microscopic pictures displayed irregular and uniform spherical grains for Co3O4 and Mn3O4 respectively, with typical grain sizes of 120 nm & 100 nm. EDS and XPS spectra showed clear binding energy peaks for Mn, Co, and O2, confirming the chemical purity of the samples. The optical band gap of the nanocrystal Mn3O4 and Co3O4 were 2.93 eV, 2.50 eV respectively. Magnetic analysis revealed a sturdy ferromagnetic nature at 5 Kelvin temperature for both Mn3O4 and Co3O4 nanocrystals. Electrochemical investigations demonstrated that Mn3O4 nanocrystals exhibited excellent performance as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors. At a current density of 0.5 Ampere/g, they achieved higher specific capacitance of 417 Farad/g, maintaining nearly 100% coloumbic efficiency after 600 cycles and displaying decent cyclical stability for upto ten thousand cycles. Alternatively, Co3O4 showed inferior electrochemical behavior, indicating that Mn3O4 nanocrystals possess superior mass transport of electrolyte ions into the electrode, making them more suitable for electrochemical capacitors.
A BIODEGRADABLE NANOCOMPOSITE FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Dixit Shobhit , Mohd Sawood Ghazi , Mishra Ashutosh , Singh Neeta , Bala Gautam Shashi , Kumar Gupta Sanjiv
Published: June 2024

This book chapter discusses the significant role of biodegradable nanocomposites in various structural applications. By combining biodegradable polymers with nanofillers, these materials offer enhanced mechanical properties, reduced environmental impact, and increased versatility. The chapter elaborates on the importance of nanocomposites in enhancing mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, modulus, and impact strength . It further explores the selection of nanofillers, fabrication techniques, and characterization methods for biodegradable nanocomposites. The thermal stability and degradation behavior of these materials are also examined, considering their impact on mechanical properties. The book chapter delves into the diverse structural applications of biodegradable nanocomposites, including packaging, construction, automotive, and biomedical industries. The utilization of these materials in various contexts, such as single-use products, building materials, and medical implants, highlights their potential in promoting sustainability and environmental preservation. While emphasizing the positive impact of biodegradable nanocomposites, the chapter acknowledges challenges and limitations, including cost-effectiveness, mechanical performance, and end-of-life management. Research gaps and opportunities for further exploration are identified, aiming to unlock the future potential of these materials. In conclusion, the chapter underscores the promising role of biodegradable nanocomposites in reshaping industries towards more sustainable practices and greener products, ultimately contributing to a more eco-friendly and healthier environment.