bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ressonância da fala após tratamento cirúrgico da insuficiência velofaríngea secundária à cirurgia ortognática
Authors: Medeiros Maria Natália Leite de , Ferlin Flávia , Fukushiro Ana Paula , Yamashita Renata Paciello
Published: May 2015

OBJETIVO:investigar o efeito da cirurgia corretiva da insuficiência velofaríngea sobre a ressonância da fala de indivíduos nascidos com fissura palatina que passaram a apresentar hipernasalidade, após a cirurgia ortognática.MÉTODOS:foram analisados os resultados da ressonância de 23 pacientes com fissura labiopalatina corrigida cirurgicamente que apresentavam ressonância oronasal equilibrada antes da cirurgia ortognática e foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica da insuficiência velofaríngea, devido ao aparecimento de hipernasalidade após a cirurgia ortognática. Os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da fala para classificação da hipernasalidade, em três situações: 3 dias antes e 5 meses, em média, após a cirurgia ortognática e, 13 meses, em média, após a cirurgia corretiva da insuficiência velofaríngea. A hipernasalidade foi classificada utilizando-se escala de 4 pontos: 1=ausência de hipernasalidade; 2=hipernasalidade leve; 3=moderada e 4=grave. Os escores de hipernasalidade nas três situações estudadas foram comparados por meio do teste de Friedman, com nível de significância de 5% e, posteriormente, pelo teste de Tukey para comparações múltiplas.RESULTADOS:do total de 23 pacientes, houve eliminação do sintoma de fala após a correção da insuficiência velofaríngea em 83% (19/23), sendo os escores médios de nasalidade antes da cirurgia ortognática=1, após a cirurgia ortognática=3 e após a correção da insuficiência velofaríngea=1. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as três situações estudadas (p<0,001).CONCLUSÃO:a cirurgia corretiva da insuficiência velofaríngea foi um tratamento efetivo na grande maioria dos casos que apresentaram hipernasalidade secundária à cirurgia ortognática, com retorno à condição de normalidade.
Qualidade de vida relacionada à voz e à deglutição, a curto prazo, em pacientes submetidos à radioiodoterapia por carcinoma diferenciado de tireoide
Authors: Nascimento Junior José Ribamar do , Angelis Elisabete Carrara-de , Lima Eduardo Nóbrega Pereira
Published: May 2015

OBJETIVO:analisar a qualidade de vida relacionada à voz e à deglutição antes e após radioiodoterapia a curto prazo.MÉTODOS:indivíduos tireoidectomizados indicados à radioiodoterapia foram submetidos a dois questionários de qualidade de vida, relacionados à voz e à deglutição no pré e três meses após radioiodoterapia.RESULTADOS:foram estudados 32 pacientes, 84% do gênero feminino e 16%, do masculino, com média de idade de 46 anos. O tipo histológico mais encontrado foi o carcinoma papilífero clássico (56%). Os resultados indicaram tendência para melhor qualidade de vida associada à voz após três meses de radioiodoterapia. O protocolo de qualidade de vida relacionado à deglutição também indicou melhor qualidade de vida no segundo momento de avaliação. Observou-se maior predomínio com limitação mínima quanto ao questionário de qualidade de vida em deglutição.CONCLUSÃO:a qualidade de vida e dos sintomas vocais e de deglutição a curto prazo após radioiodoterapia é melhor em relação ao pré-tratamento. É necessário investigar outros aspectos como metabólicos, cirúrgicos e individuais para definir o real impacto da iodoterapia na qualidade de vida.
Processamento auditivo temporal em crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH)
Authors: Romero Ana Carla Leite , Capellini Simone Aparecida , Frizzo Ana Claúdia Figueiredo
Published: May 2015

OBJETIVO:comparar os achados da avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo temporal em crianças com e sem Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade.MÉTODOS:participaram desse estudo 30 crianças na faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos, sendo 15 do grupo controle e 15 do grupo pesquisa, com limiares audiométricos dentro dos padrões de normalidade. Como procedimentos foram realizados os testes temporais de padrão de frequência e de duração.RESULTADOS:na comparação entre o grupo controle e grupo pesquisa em ambos os testes - padrão de frequência e padrão de duração foram verificadas diferenças significantes entre os grupos, sendo que o grupo pesquisa apresentou resultados alterados em sua maioria, enquanto que todas as crianças do grupo controle apresentaram resultados normais. Foi possível observar ainda que todas as crianças de ambos os grupos tiveram resultados inferiores para o Padrão de Duração quando comparado aos resultados do Padrão de Frequência e.CONCLUSÃO:a avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo temporal de crianças com e sem Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, mostrou que os sujeitos com Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade apresentaram alterações, enquanto que o grupo sem Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade resultados normais em ambos os testes. O presente estudo possibilitou um maior conhecimento da via auditiva central das crianças com e sem Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, porém, outros estudos ainda se fazem necessários, principalmente na literatura nacional, a fim de se conhecer melhor o funcionamento do processamento auditivo dessas populações.
Desempenho de idosos com adaptação binaural x monoaural em testes de fala no silêncio e no ruído
Authors: Azevedo Milena Manoel , Santos Sinéia Neujahr dos , Costa Maristela Julio
Published: May 2015

OBJETIVO:avaliar o reconhecimento de sentenças no silêncio e no ruído de indivíduos idosos com perdas auditivas simétricas, usuários de próteses auditivas com adaptação mono e binaural; investigar em qual das duas situações pode ser verificado o melhor desempenho em condições que simulam situações de comunicação do dia a dia.MÉTODOS:foram avaliados 27 indivíduos, 20 do gênero masculino e sete do feminino, com idades entre 60 e 80 anos, com perda auditiva neurossensorial de grau leve a moderadamente severo e configuração simétrica. Utilizando o teste Listas de Sentenças em Português, realizou-se a pesquisa dos Limiares de Reconhecimento de Sentenças no Silêncio e no Ruído e Índice Percentual de Reconhecimento de Sentenças no Silêncio e no Ruído, em diferentes situações de escuta, com adaptação binaural e monoaural.RESULTADOS:os valores médios obtidos para os índices no silêncio foram de 80,89% com adaptação binaural, 76,33% com aparelho somente na orelha direita e 71,16% com aparelho somente na orelha esquerda. Já as médias obtidas nos índices no ruído foram 62,05 % com adaptação binaural, 60,52% com aparelho somente na orelha direita e 60,33% com aparelho somente na orelha esquerda. Ao comparar as diferentes condições de escuta, não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante.CONCLUSÃO:não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os idosos usuários de próteses auditivas com adaptação mono e binaural, tanto no silêncio como no ruído.
Treinamento auditivo nas alterações do processamento auditivo: estudo de caso
Authors: Stroiek Susan , Quevedo Lenita da Silva , Kieling Carla Hernandez , Battezini Ana Carolina Lago
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a eficácia de um programa de Treinamento Auditivo comparando o desempenho inicial, nos testes de avaliação do processamento auditivo, com o desempenho após o treinamento auditivo. Para este estudo de caso, desenvolvido na clínica de Fonoaudiologia da Universidade de Passo Fundo, foi selecionado um indivíduo que apresentava alterações de linguagem, queixas compatíveis com alterações de processamento auditivo, avaliação audiológica básica normal e avaliação do processamento auditivo alterada. Para isso, foram utilizados os testes Pediatric Speech Intelligibility, Staggered Spondaic Word, Dicótico de Dígitos, Random Gap Detection Test, Masking Level Difference e Pitch Pattern Sequence. Os resultados obtidos na reavaliação com os testes de Processamento Auditivo após oito sessões de treinamento auditivo apontaram melhoras na decodificação e codificação que se encontravam alteradas, persistindo um leve prejuízo na organização. A evolução do indivíduo de grau severo para leve comprova a eficácia do Treinamento Auditivo.
Caracterização dos programas de triagem auditiva neonatal das maternidades localizadas no município de João Pessoa-PB
Authors: Malheiros Maria Augustta Sobral de França , Cavalcanti Hannalice Gottschalck
Published: May 2015

OBJETIVO:avaliar os programas de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN) das maternidades localizadas no município de João Pessoa, PB.MÉTODOS:participaram deste estudo um total de cinco instituições hospital/maternidade (um hospital/maternidade federal, uma maternidade municipal, duas maternidades estaduais e uma maternidade privada), sendo selecionadas aquelas que apresentavam um programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal. Foi aplicado o questionário "Pesquisa da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal" contendo 29 questões a cinco Fonoaudiólogos e cinco gestores.RESULTADOS:todas as maternidades realizam a TAN no alojamento conjunto, UTI neonatal e berçário de risco intermediário. A triagem auditiva é rotineiramente solicitada pela equipe médica, enquanto que para uma maternidade a triagem auditiva não é solicitada rotineiramente. Todas as triagens são executadas pelo profissional fonoaudiólogo. O método exclusivo para a realização da triagem é o uso das Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas. O número de encaminhamentos para reteste variou entre 4% e 15%. Todas as maternidades fornecem os resultados da triagem auditiva quanto ao "PASSE" por um laudo escrito. Os casos que necessitam de um acompanhamento ou diagnóstico audiológico são encaminhados para serviços públicos e privados de referência. Quem assegura e acompanha o diagnóstico é o fonoaudiólogo em quatro maternidades. Apenas uma maternidade relata que o serviço social é responsável por esta função.CONCLUSÃO:a metodologia do programa de TAN se mostrou adequada para os bebês do grupo sem risco para a deficiência auditiva, porém não há adequação para os bebês do grupo de risco. A maior deficiência do PTAN em João Pessoa ocorre na etapa do registro dos resultados e controle dos encaminhamentos. Não existe um banco de dados que possibilita controlar o índice de cobertura da TAN, dos retestes, de encaminhamentos e falsos positivos. Há uma dissociação entre as etapas do programa, escassez de recursos e falta de participação efetiva dos gestores, apesar da publicação da lei sobre a obrigatoriedade da realização das EOE em maternidades e das recomendações do Ministério da Saúde para a sua realização.
Estratégias de reparo utilizadas na aquisição das obstruintes em dois municípios do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Lopes Silvana Gonçalves , Vargas Diéssica Zacarias , Mezzomo Carolina Lisbôa
Published: May 2015

OBJETIVO:verificar as estratégias de reparo utilizadas na aquisição das obstruintes em dois municípios do Rio Grande do Sul com diferentes influências dialetais, descrevendo e comparando as variáveis intervenientes nesse processo.MÉTODOS:participaram do estudo 72 crianças, 36 do município de Santa Maria 36 de Agudo, com idades entre 1:0 e 4:0 (anos:meses). O corpus de Santa Maria ficou composto por 3.178 obstruintes analisadas e 3.847 em Agudo. As estratégias de reparo analisadas foram: dessonorização, omissão, posteriorização, anteriorização, plosivização de fricativas e outros. As variáveis extralinguísticas consideradas foram idade, sexoe tipo de inpute as linguísticas foram pé métrico; número de sílabas; contexto silábico precedente e seguinte; posição na palavra; classe gramatical; sonoridadee classe da obstruinte. Utilizou-se para a análise estatística o pacote VARBRUL, com significância de 5%.RESULTADOS:houve prevalência da estratégia de omissão para Santa Maria e de posteriorização para Agudo. A dessonorização foi o recurso menos utilizado para os ambos os grupos. Ocorreram tanto semelhanças como diferenças na comparação entre as variáveis intervenientes.CONCLUSÃO:de acordo com os resultados, foi possível concluir que a variação dialetal não interferiu na escolha dos recursos empregados para os sujeitos residentes em Agudo, o que poderia ocorrer devido ao input recebido nesse município, com fonemas dessonorizados.
Quality of life of caregivers for patients of cerebrovascular accidents: association of (socio-demographic) characteristics and burden
Authors: Costa Tatiana Ferreira da , Costa Kátia Nêyla de Freitas Macêdo , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo , Martins Kaisy Pereira , Brito Silmery da Silva
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE Investigating the association between quality of life with socio-demographic characteristics and the burden of caregivers for individuals with cerebrovascular accident sequelae. METHOD A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample composed of 136 caregivers. For data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire, the Barthel, Burden Interview and Short-Form-36 scales were used. Correlation analysis, t-Student test and F-test were used for the analysis in order to compare averages. RESULTS Significant averages in quality of life were demonstrated in association with female caregivers and those over 60 years in the field 'functional capacity,' and in the domains of 'mental health' and 'vitality' for those with higher income. Regarding burden association, the highlighted areas were 'functional capacity,' 'physical aspects,' 'emotional aspects' and 'pain.' CONCLUSION The creation of public policies and social support to effectively reduce the burden on caregivers is a necessity.
Educational Group Practices in Primary Care: Interaction Between Professionals, Users and Knowledge
Authors: Gazzinelli Maria Flavia , Souza Vania de , Fonseca Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da , Fernandes Marconi Moura , Carneiro Angélica Cotta Lobo Leite , Godinho Luanna Kelen
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE To investigate the concept understood by Family Healthcare Strategy (ESF) professionals of knowledge, education and subjects participating in learning activities. METHOD Qualitative study carried out with the ESF professionals with university degree, members of the healthcare staff who undertook educational health group activities at Basic Healthcare Units (UBS) in Belo Horizonte. The following triangulation techniques were used: participant observation, photos and field notes; interviews with professionals; and document analysis. RESULTS We identified three interaction patterns that are different from each other. Firstly, the professional questions, listens and provides information to users, trusting in the transmission of knowledge; secondly, the professional questions and listens, trusting that users can learn from each other; thirdly, the professional questions, listens, discusses and produces knowledge with users, both teaching and learning from each other. CONCLUSION There are educational practices that include unique methods capable of creating a militant space for citizenship engagement.
Evaluation of professional knowledge and attitudes on dementia patient care: a trans-cultural adaptation of an evaluation instrument
Authors: Costa Gislaine Desani da , Souza Rosely Almeida , Yamashita Cintia Hitomi , Pinheiro Juliane Cibelle Ferreira , Alvarenga Márcia Regina Martins , Oliveira Maria Amélia de Campos
Published: May 2015

Objective To describe the trans-cultural adaptation of the evaluation instrument entitled Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L' Atenció Primarià from Catalan into versions in Portuguese for doctors and nurses. This study evaluates the knowledge and perspectives of these professionals in their treatment of patients diagnosed with dementia in cases of primary care. Method The adaptation followed internationally accepted rules, which include the following steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, revision by a committee of specialists, and a test run with 35 practicing doctors and 35 practicing nurses in Brazil's Family Health Strategy (Estratégia Saúde da Família, or ESF in Portuguese). Results The translation, synthesis, and back-translation steps were performed satisfactorily; only small adjustments were required. The committee of specialists verified the face validity in the version translated into Portuguese, and all of the items that received an agreement score lower than 80% during the initial evaluation were revised. In the test run, the difficulties presented by the health care professionals did not reach 15% of the sample, and therefore, no changes were made. Conclusion The Portuguese translation of the instrument can be considered semantically, idiomatically, culturally, and conceptually equivalent to the original Catalan version and is, therefore, appropriate for use in Brazil.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in clinical practice
Authors: Barranhas Adriana Dias , Santos Alair Augusto S. M. D. dos , Coelho-Filho Otavio R. , Marchiori Edson , Rochitte Carlos Eduardo , Nacif Marcelo Souto
Published: May 2015

Objective To evaluate and describe indications, mainly diagnoses and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings observed in clinical practice. Materials and Methods Retrospective and descriptive study of cardiac magnetic resonance performed at a private hospital and clinic in the city of Niterói, RJ, Brazil, in the period from May 2007 to April 2011. Results The sample included a total of 1000 studies performed in patients with a mean age of 53.7 ± 16.2 years and predominance for male gender (57.2%). The majority of indications were related to assessment of myocardial perfusion at rest and under pharmacological stress (507/1000; 51%), with positive results in 36.2% of them. Suspected myocarditis was the second most frequent indication (140/1000; 14%), with positive results in 63.4% of cases. These two indications were followed by study of arrhythmias (116/1000; 12%), myocardial viability (69/1000; 7%) and evaluation of cardiomyopathies (47/1000; 5%). In a subanalysis, it was possible to identify that most patients were assessed on an outpatient basis (58.42%). Conclusion Cardiac magnetic resonance has been routinely performed in clinical practice, either on an outpatient or emergency/inpatient basis, and myocardial ischemia represented the main indication, followed by investigation of myocarditis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and myocardial viability.
“Educar para crescer” ou auditar para crescer? Governando para o desenvolvimento
Authors: Anadon Simone Barreto , Garcia Maria Manuela Alves
Published: May 2015

Resumo Analisa o funcionamento de uma seção do site “Educar para crescer”, que divulga os resultados do IDEB (Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica), a partir dos Estudos Culturais e da noção de discurso foucaultiana. Argumenta que o artefato põe em movimento discursos que atuam enquanto regimes de verdade e tecnologias que capturam a subjetividade dos internautas, de modo a responsabilizá-los e autorresponsabilizá-los pela auditoria dos desempenhos escolares. Mesclando aspectos da tradição pedagógica com discursos de caráter gerencial e desenvolvimentista, e recursos imagéticos da telenovela brasileira, o artefato compõe uma pedagogia empresarial que convoca todos e cada um para serem os fiscais da qualidade da educação básica, instituindo esta como a mola propulsora do desenvolvimento do país e de sua inserção no mercado global.
A lógica complexa da avaliação
Authors: Parreira Artur , Silva Ana Lorga da
Published: May 2015

Resumo O artigo apresenta a primeira parte, teórica e conceitual, de um estudo sobre as lógicas a que o processo de avaliação pode obedecer. Clarifica o conceito de lógica geral e seus critérios, explicitando os passos fundamentais a que o raciocínio avaliativo obedece. Discute o problema da possibilidade de uma avaliação objetiva, cientificamente escorada; propõe modos de controle dos fatores tendentes a criar vieses prejudiciais para a objetividade da avaliação; define as condições de estrutura e de processo que condicionam aquela objetividade, e mostra que o grau de objetividade depende do uso de combinações adequadas de poder e informação, os dois componentes do processo avaliativo, enquanto processo decisório.
As bases do pensamento do filósofo Álvaro Borges Vieira Pinto (1909-1987) e sua atuação no Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros (ISEB)
Authors: Lima Michelle Fernandes
Published: May 2015

Resumo Este artigo é parte integrante da Pesquisa de Doutorado, intitulada: “Atualidade do pensamento de Álvaro Borges Vieira Pinto (1909-1987) para o debate sobre a reforma universitária”. Buscamos explicitar a formação e as bases do pensamento de Álvaro Borges Vieira Pinto, destacando a influência católica e integralista presente no início de sua atuação, bem como suas atividades no Departamento de Filosofia do Instituto Superior de Estudos Brasileiros (ISEB), no período de 1955 a 1961. Nesse período, foi acontecendo seu afastamento dos princípios católicos e integralistas, e a crescente preocupação com a necessidade de um projeto nacional e também de universidade. Destacamos a influência do integralismo e do catolicismo na sua formação, a sua atuação no departamento de Filosofia do ISEB e a sua preocupação com o desenvolvimento nacional.
Heat treatment of processing sludge of ornamental rocks: application as pozzolan in cement matrices
Authors: Uliana J.G. , Calmon J. L. , Vieira G. L. , Teixeira J. E. S. L. , Nunes E.
Published: May 2015

The sector of ornamental rocks produces significant volume of waste during the sawing of the blocks and demand to find ways to recycle, given its environmental impact. Considering the possibilities of use of industrial by-products as mineral admixtures, aiming at sustainable development in the construction industry, this paper aims to study the performance of the processing sludge of ornamental rocks and grinding after heat treatment, based on their potential application as partial substitute for cement. The residue was characterized, cast and milled to produce glassy material. Was analyzed the mechanical performance and pozzolanic activity with partial replacement of cement by waste in natural condition and after heat treatment in mortars for comparison. The results were promising, so it was possible to verify that after heat treatment, the treated waste is presented as a material with pozzolanic characteristics.
AFM-based technologies as the way towards the reverse Avogadro number
Authors: Pleshakova T.O. , Shumov I.D. , Ivanov Yu.D. , Malsagova K.A. , Kaysheva A.L. , Archakov A.I.
Published: May 2015

Achievement of the concentration detection limit for proteins at the level of the reverse Avogadro number determines the modern development of proteomics. In this review, the possibility of approximating the reverse Avogadro number by using nanotechnological methods (AFM-based fishing with mechanical and electrical stimulation, nanowire detectors, and other methods) are discussed. The ability of AFM to detect, count, visualize and characterize physico-chemical properties of proteins at concentrations up to 10-17-10-18 M is demonstrated. The combination of AFM-fishing with mass-spectrometry allows the identification of proteins not only in pure solutions, but also in multi-component biological fluids (serum). The possibilities to improve the biospecific fishing efficiency by use of SOMAmers in both AFM and nanowire systems are discussed. The paper also provides criteria for evaluation of the sensitivity of fishing-based detection systems. The fishing efficiency depending on the detection system parameters is estimated. The practical implementation of protein fishing depending on the ratio of the sample solution volume and the surface of the detection system is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of today's promising nanotechnological protein detection methods implemented on the basis of these schemes.
Computer modelling of monoaminoxidases
Authors: Veselovsky A.V. , Ivanov A.S. , Medvedev A.E.
Published: May 2015

The article summarized results of studies on active site structures of monoamine oxidases (MAO) performed in the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (Russia) by computer modelling approaches. MAO, catalyzing the reaction of oxidative deamination of major neurotransmitter monoamines, exists in two highly homologous forms, MAO A and MAO B, distinguished by substrate specificity and inhibitor selectivity. The development of approaches for active site modelling of these enzymes (with unknown three-dimensional structures) started from analysis of relationship between the geometrical sizes of rigid indole and isatin derivatives and their inhibitory activity. These studies resulted in molding of the active site structures of MAO A and MAO B. These molds reflect the sizes and shapes of active sites of these enzymes. These mold models have been used for virtual screening of molecular databases for new inhibitors. The models obtained at different stages ofMAO investigations have been compared with recently appeared three-dimensional structures of MAO A and MAO B.
Computer evaluation of hidden potential of phytochemicals of medicinal plants of the traditional indian ayurvedic medicine
Authors: Lagunin A.A. , Druzhilovsky D.S. , Rudik A.V. , Filimonov D.A. , Gawande D. , Suresh K. , Goel R. , Poroikov V.V.
Published: May 2015

Applicability of our computer programs PASS and PharmaExpert to prediction of biological activity spectra of rather complex and structurally diverse phytocomponents of medicinal plants, both separately and in combinations has been evaluated. The web-resource on phytochemicals of 50 medicinal plants used in Ayurveda was created for the study of hidden therapeutic potential of Traditional Indian Medicine (TIM) (http://ayurveda.pharmaexpert.ru). It contains information on 50 medicinal plants, their using in TIM and their pharmacology activities, also as 1906 phytocomponents. PASS training set was updated by addition of information about 946 natural compounds; then the training procedure and validation were performed, to estimate the quality of PASS prediction. It was shown that the difference between the average accuracy of prediction obtained in leave-5%-out cross-validation (94,467%) and in leave-one-out cross-validation (94,605%) is very small. These results showed high predictive ability of the program. Results of biological activity spectra prediction for all phytocomponents included in our database are in good correspondence with the experimental data. Additional kinds of biological activity predicted with high probability provide the information about most promising directions of further studies. The analysis of prediction results of sets of phytocomponents in each of 50 medicinal plants was made by PharmaExpert software. Based on this analysis, we found that the combination of phytocomponents from Passiflora incarnata may exhibit nootropic, anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects. Experiments carried out in mice models confirmed the predicted effects of Passiflora incarnata extracts.
Determinants of First-Time Cancer Examinations in a Rural Community: A Mechanism for Behavior Change
Authors: Logan Henrietta L. , Guo Yi , Emanuel Amber S. , Shepperd James A. , Dodd Virginia J. , Marks John G. , Muller Keith E. , Riley Joseph L.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. After conducting a media campaign focusing on the importance of oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) examinations, we assessed mechanisms of behavior change among individuals receiving an OPC examination for the first time.

Methods. We used data from 2 waves of telephone surveys of individuals residing in 36 rural census tracts in northern Florida (n = 806). The second survey occurred after our media intervention. We developed media messages and modes of message delivery with community members via focus groups and intercept interviews. We performed a mediation analysis to examine behavior change mechanisms.

Results. Greater exposure to media messages corresponded with heightened concern about OPC. Heightened concern, in turn, predicted receipt of a first-time OPC examination, but only among men.

Conclusions. We extended earlier studies by measuring an outcome behavior (receipt of an OPC examination) and demonstrating that the putative mechanism of action (concern about the disease) explained the link between a media intervention and engaging in the target behavior. Improving the quality of media campaigns by engaging community stakeholders in selecting messages and delivery methods is an effective strategy in building public health interventions aimed at changing behaviors.
Comfortably, Safely, and Without Shame: Defining Menstrual Hygiene Management as a Public Health Issue
Authors: Sommer Marni , Hirsch Jennifer S. , Nathanson Constance , Parker Richard G.
Published: May 2015

In recent years, the menstrual hygiene management challenges facing schoolgirls in low-income-country contexts have gained global attention. We applied Gusfield’s sociological analysis of the culture of public problems to better understand how this relatively newly recognized public health challenge rose to the level of global public health awareness and action. We similarly applied the conceptualization by Dorfman et al. of the role of public health messaging in changing corporate practice to explore the conceptual frames and the news frames that are being used to shape the perceptions of menstrual hygiene management as an issue of social justice within the context of public health. Important lessons were revealed for getting other public health problems onto the global-, national-, and local-level agendas.
Health Outcomes of Obtaining Housing Among Older Homeless Adults
Authors: Brown Rebecca T. , Miao Yinghui , Mitchell Susan L. , Bharel Monica , Patel Mitkumar , Ard Kevin L. , Grande Laura J. , Blazey-Martin Deborah , Floru Daniella , Steinman Michael A.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We determined the impact of obtaining housing on geriatric conditions and acute care utilization among older homeless adults.

Methods. We conducted a 12-month prospective cohort study of 250 older homeless adults recruited from shelters in Boston, Massachusetts, between January and June 2010. We determined housing status at follow-up, determined number of emergency department visits and hospitalizations over 12 months, and examined 4 measures of geriatric conditions at baseline and 12 months. Using multivariable regression models, we evaluated the association between obtaining housing and our outcomes of interest.

Results. At 12-month follow-up, 41% of participants had obtained housing. Compared with participants who remained homeless, those with housing had fewer depressive symptoms. Other measures of health status did not differ by housing status. Participants who obtained housing had a lower rate of acute care use, with an adjusted annualized rate of acute care visits of 2.5 per year among participants who obtained housing and 5.3 per year among participants who remained homeless.

Conclusions. Older homeless adults who obtained housing experienced improved depressive symptoms and reduced acute care utilization compared with those who remained homeless.
The Interaction Between an Individual’s Acculturation and Community Factors on Physical Inactivity and Obesity: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Shi Lu , Zhang Donglan , van Meijgaard Jeroen , MacLeod Kara E. , Fielding Jonathan E.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We examined whether the interactions between primarily speaking English at home and community-level measures (median household income and immigrant composition) are associated with physical inactivity and obesity.

Methods. We pooled the 2005 and 2007 Los Angeles County Health Survey data to construct a multilevel data set, with community-level median household income and immigrant density as predictors at the community level. After controlling for individual-level demographic variables, we included the respondent’s perceived community safety as a covariate to test the hypothesis that perceived public safety mediates the association between acculturation and health outcomes.

Results. The interaction between community median household income and primarily speaking English at home was associated with lower likelihoods of physical inactivity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.644; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.502, 0.825) and obesity (OR = 0.674; 95% CI = 0.514, 0.882). These odds remained significant after we controlled for perceived community safety.

Conclusions. Resources in higher-income areas may be beneficial only to residents fully integrated into the community. Future research could focus on understanding how linguistic isolation affects community-level social learning and access to resources and whether this differs by family-level acculturation.
The Role of Young Adults’ Pleasure Attitudes in Shaping Condom Use
Authors: Higgins Jenny A. , Wang Yu
Published: May 2015

Condoms can help young adults protect themselves from sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy. We examined young people’s attitudes about whether condoms reduced pleasure and how these attitudes shape condom practices. We used a nationally representative sample of 2328 heterosexually active, unmarried 15- to 24-year-old young adults to document multivariate associations with condom nonuse at the last sexual episode. For both young men and women, pleasure-related attitudes were more strongly associated with lack of condom use than all sociodemographic or sexual history factors. Research and interventions should consistently assess and address young people’s attitudes about how condoms affect pleasure.
Community-Based Review of Research Across Diverse Community Contexts: Key Characteristics, Critical Issues, and Future Directions
Authors: Shore Nancy , Ford Angela , Wat Eric , Brayboy Missy , Isaacs Mei-Ling , Park Alice , Strelnick Hal , Seifer Sarena D.
Published: May 2015

A growing number of community-based organizations and community–academic partnerships are implementing processes to determine whether and how health research is conducted in their communities. These community-based research review processes (CRPs) can provide individual and community-level ethics protections, enhance the cultural relevance of study designs and competence of researchers, build community and academic research capacity, and shape research agendas that benefit diverse communities.

To better understand how they are organized and function, representatives of 9 CRPs from across the United States convened in 2012 for a working meeting.

In this article, we articulated and analyzed the models presented, offered guidance to communities that seek to establish a CRP, and made recommendations for future research, practice, and policy.
The Unintended Consequences of Changes in Beverage Options and the Removal of Bottled Water on a University Campus
Authors: Berman Elizabeth R. , Johnson Rachel K.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We investigated how the removal of bottled water along with a minimum healthy beverage requirement affected the purchasing behavior, healthiness of beverage choices, and consumption of calories and added sugars of university campus consumers.

Methods. With shipment data as a proxy, we estimated bottled beverage consumption over 3 consecutive semesters: baseline (spring 2012), when a 30% healthy beverage ratio was enacted (fall 2012), and when bottled water was removed (spring 2013) at the University of Vermont. We assessed changes in number and type of beverages and per capita calories, total sugars, and added sugars shipped.

Results. Per capita shipments of bottles, calories, sugars, and added sugars increased significantly when bottled water was removed. Shipments of healthy beverages declined significantly, whereas shipments of less healthy beverages increased significantly. As bottled water sales dropped to zero, sales of sugar-free beverages and sugar-sweetened beverages increased.

Conclusions. The bottled water ban did not reduce the number of bottles entering the waste stream from the university campus, the ultimate goal of the ban. With the removal of bottled water, consumers increased their consumption of less healthy bottled beverages.
Knowledge Gains Following a Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Program Among Urban Students: A Cluster-Randomized Evaluation
Authors: Pulido Mary L. , Dauber Sarah , Tully Brenda A. , Hamilton Paige , Smith Michael J. , Freeman Katherine
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We evaluated a school-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention program, Safe Touches, in a low–socioeconomic status, racially diverse sample.

Methods. Participants were 492 second- and third-grade students at 6 public elementary schools in New York City. The study period spanned fall 2012 through summer 2014. We cluster-randomized classrooms to the Safe Touches intervention or control groups and assessed outcomes with the Children’s Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire. Hierarchical models tested change in children’s knowledge of inappropriate and appropriate touch.

Results. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement than the control group on knowledge of inappropriate touch. Children in second grade and children in schools with a greater proportion of students in general (vs special) education showed greater gains than other participants in knowledge of inappropriate touch. We observed no significant change in knowledge of appropriate touch among control or intervention groups.

Conclusions. Young children benefited from a school-based, 1-time CSA prevention program. Future research should explore the efficacy of CSA prevention programs with children before the second grade to determine optimal age for participation.
School Start Time and Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Results From the US National Comorbidity Survey—Adolescent Supplement
Authors: Paksarian Diana , Rudolph Kara E. , He Jian-Ping , Merikangas Kathleen R.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. We estimated associations between school start time and adolescent weeknight bedtime, weeknight sleep duration, and weekend compensatory sleep and assessed whether associations differ by age, sex, or urbanicity.

Methods. We used a subsample of a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of 7308 students aged 13 to 18 years attending 245 schools to estimate associations of school start time, reported by school principals, with weeknight bedtime and sleep duration and weekend compensatory sleep, reported during adolescent face-to-face interviews.

Results. Start time was positively associated with weeknight bedtime. Associations between start time and weeknight sleep duration were nonlinear and were strongest for start times of 8:00 am and earlier. Associations differed by sex and urbanicity, with the strongest association among boys in major metropolitan counties. Start time was negatively associated with sleep duration among boys in nonurban counties. Start time was not associated with weekend compensatory sleep.

Conclusions. Positive overall associations between school start time and adolescent sleep duration at the national level support recent policy recommendations for delaying school start times. However, the impact of start time delays may differ by sex and urbanicity.
The HIV Care Cascade Before, During, and After Incarceration: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis
Authors: Iroh Princess A. , Mayo Helen , Nijhawan Ank E.
Published: May 2015

We conducted a systematic literature review of the data on HIV testing, engagement in care, and treatment in incarcerated persons, and estimated the care cascade in this group.

We identified 2706 titles in MEDLINE, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases for studies indexed to January 13, 2015, and included 92 for analysis. We summarized HIV testing results by type (blinded, opt-out, voluntary); reviewed studies on HIV care engagement, treatment, and virological suppression; and synthesized these results into an HIV care cascade before, during, and after incarceration.

The HIV care cascade following diagnosis increased during incarceration and declined substantially after release, often to levels lower than before incarceration. Incarceration provides an opportunity to address HIV care in hard-to-reach individuals, though new interventions are needed to improve postrelease care continuity.
Washington and Welch Talk About Race Public Health, History, and the Politics of Exclusion
Authors: Mooney Graham
Published: May 2015

This article shows how history can be used as a tool to influence political debate. Public health education over the radio became remarkably popular in the United States in the years leading up to World War II. Lectures, monologues, round tables, question and answer sessions, and dramas were all used by health departments to communicate ideas and knowledge about preserving health. In Baltimore, Maryland, a radio series called Keeping Well began in 1932 and ran until 1957. From 1939, 15-minute weekly dramas were broadcast that adopted many of the tropes of contemporary entertainment programs. Some of these dramas were based on interpretations of past events and imposed a particular kind of narrative of medical and social progress that reflected the wider purpose of educational radio programming to uplift and reform listeners. This article demonstrates how public health administrators manipulated historical narratives and fictionalized history for their own purposes. This manipulation was particularly evident in regard to divisive issues such as residential segregation, whereby the public health dramas downplayed Baltimore's troubled encounter with race and health.
Optimization of Offshore Field Development to Minimize Investment
Authors: Grimmett T. T. , Startzman R. A.
Published: May 2015

Offshore oil and gas investment is identified with high investment. Considerable incentive therefore exists to reduce investment to improve field profitability. A computational method has been developed to optimize field development by minimizing investment.

Investment can be reduced through an optimal choice and arrangement of production facilities. The selection, size, and location of major facilities; such as platforms, templates, or subsea manifolds, heavily affect capital investment. The allocation of field wells to these facilities affects costs of drilling and completion. There exists an extremely large number of feasible development options that may result in a wide range of economic outcomes. Choosing the option that minimizes investment can be a major computational problem.

The solution of extremely large economic problems of this nature has not previously been reported. An integer mathematical programming computational, tool, using a method called "zero-one implicit enumeration", was developed for modeling and solving this problem. This new technique allows for efficient problem solution on the computer.

A model of an example field development was formulated. This model contains a mathematical function representing the investment to be minimized and includes design restrictions inherent to the development project. The model contained nearly 10190 combinations of development options. The application of a branch and bound algorithm allowed an optimum development choice to be selected in a relatively short time on a computer.
Role of clergy in the creation and function of the Serbian state from the time of First Serbian Uprising
Authors: Janjic Jovan
Published: May 2015

The Priesthood fulfills their mission for Serb people, and therefore shares
the fate of people. It recognizes and shares needs, problems and aspirations
of Serb nation. So that was the case in the First Serbian Uprising, hence the
same needs and aspirations of the Serbian People and Serbian Clergy to get
rid of the Ottoman occupation and have their own state in which they would
live by their own laws. This paper attempts to show which way the Clergy was
engaged to lead to the establishment of Serbian authority, on the ruins of
the Ottoman feudal order on the territory of Belgrade Province, and which way
was it included in their work. The intention was the attempt to show what was
directly done to lead to the establishment of the Serbian State in the
making, but also indirectly through mission of priests within the clergy in
order to reach this goal. Specifically, the endeavor was to show how the
Karlovac Metropolitanate Stevan Stratimirovic, the largest and undisputed
spiritual authority among the insurgents of Serb Uprising, with his frequent
invitations, (including the addressing to individual insurgent commanders in
order to respect the law and order) contributed to creating an environment
for the development and operation of the authority of a new Serb State. It
seems that, in literature about history and law, and in historiography in
general, such activities that indirectly favored the creation of the state of
First Serbian Uprising were not sufficiently addressed. But here, such issues
were at least partially indicated.
Shepherd summer housings in Povlen mountain
Authors: Kuzovic Dusko , Stojnic Nedeljko
Published: May 2015

During a research conducted between 1996 and 1998 there were observed a
number of examples of shepherd summer housings in Povlen mountain (1,347 m)
in Serbia. These buildings were used from spring to fall, and inhabited by
residents of nearby villages Makoviste and Taor. Building organization is
single-spaced. Construction of dwellings ranging from simple objects such as
?kucer?, then ?kulaca? covered with hay, objects made of stone and wooden
slabs to objects with nailed slats. Building material, wood and stone, is of
local origin. Stone is partially hewn and appears in the form of thin layers
of limestone and it is easy for handling. All buildings are covered with
shingle. The buildings are located on unfenced plots along with livestock
buildings. This paper focuses on organization, construction and shaping of
these facilities.
The impact of a new concept of innovative strategies on the improvement of tourism services
Authors: Medic Vera , Koldzin Dragica
Published: May 2015

Changes in innovation concept in terms of a shift from a closed to an open
model impose the need to adopt enterprise strategy accordingly and to
actively involve users in the innovation process. Due to changes in the
relationship between the subjects of innovative activity and the need for
enhancing cooperation among them, strategies should be based on corporate
entrepreneurship. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of a new
concept of innovation and innovative strategies on improvement of tourism
services and to explore the ways in which users of tourist services can be
involved in the innovation process.
Education of female children in Serbia with reference to Kosovo and Metohija til the First World War
Authors: Vidosavljevic Sladjana
Published: May 2015

Basic education and training of female children in Serbia has a long
tradition. It turned out that the institutional education of female children,
which began in 1846, could not be kept only at the elementary level, because
the overall development of the society and its requirements demanded the
establishment of women?s vocational schools. Women?s vocational schools began
operating back in 1863, and with interruptions during the wars, worked until
1948. Female society of Belgrade and many women?s societies across the
country had an important role in the establishment and work of the women?s
vocational schools, as well as the Ministry of Trade and Industry in the
period between the two world wars. In the Ottoman period, the position of
Christian women in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija was very difficult.
They were mainly engaged in activities related to the family and household
management. The neglect of women was the result of patriarchal relations and
conservative views on their role and place in the society of the then Ottoman
Empire. On the other hand, it was difficult to change the perception of
parents that female children should also be educated. However, despite such
perceptions and systemic problems, there were established in private homes in
many cities in Kosovo and Metohija elementary schools for female children.
Before the First World War, women?s elementary schools in Kosovo were
established in Prizren, Pec, Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica and Gjilan. Until
the beginning of the World War I, women?s vocational schools also worked in
Prizren, Kosovska Mitrovica and Gnjilane.