bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suggestions for Improving Interviews in Child Protection Agencies
Authors: Wood James M. , McClure Kimberley A. , Birch Rebecca A.
Published: March 2007

This article identifies difficulties that can arise during sexual abuse interviews in child protection agencies. Practical recommendations are offered to interviewers, trainers, and child protection administrators. The authors suggest ways to improve the interview process and the interview environment, emphasizing the need to improve rapport building, increase the use of open-ended questions, eliminate unnecessary procedures, enhance the physical environment, facilitate documentation through the use of tapes and transcripts, and train and supervise interviewers.
How do Teachers React to Children Labeled as Sexually Abused?
Authors: O'Donohue William , O'Hare Elizabeth
Published: March 2007

To better understand the possible stigmatizing effects of child sexual abuse, 60 teachers were asked to make multiple judgments about the behavior of a child described with one of four types of labels: (a) neutral; (b) dissimilar; (c) experienced a nonsexual trauma; and (d) experienced a sexual trauma (i.e., sexually abused). Teachers expected a child labeled as sexually abused to experience more stress than a child labeled as neutral or dissimilar, but not more stress than a child labeled as having experienced nonsexual trauma. No significant differences on other dependent variables (e.g., attributions for failure, expectations of future positive behavior) were found. Although these results suggest that teachers have different expectations for sexually abused children, they provide no evidence of stigmatization. To what extent these are realistic expectations or may serve as self-fulfilling prophecies is unclear.
The Child Sexual abuse Data Summary Form: A Demographic Checklist for Clinicians and Researchers
Authors: Wilshire Thea W. , Winterstein Michele L.
Published: March 2007

Treatment programs researching child sexual abuse need a reliable way to establish a demographic database, especially because data collectors have different levels of training. To address this need, a data summary form was developed and an interrater reliability study was completed. Kappa analyses were run on 50 items for 30 different cases read by two raters. Six of the items fell below the .41 cutoff rate and were excluded from the final form. Seven additional items with sufficient reliability were eliminated because they were linked to the excluded items and no longer made sense on their own. The resulting 37-item form facilitates interagency subject pooling and is made available to treatment agencies for gathering child sexual abuse demographic information.
The Childhaven Client Profile System (2-5): A Daily Clinical Record for Use in Therapeutic Child Care
Authors: Armsden Gay , Gogerty Patrick L. , Jones Victoria
Published: March 2007

When combined with traditional methods of compiling information, quantitative assessment techniques can be gainfully used by child welfare practitioners for case monitoring and program evaluation. The Childhaven Client Profile System (CCP), a computerized behavior-rating and record-keeping system, was developed for therapeutic child care programs to provide an efficient clinical report of the young maltreated child's day-to-day status. The CCP combines succinct ongoing assessment of behavioral and physical problems associated with early neglect and abuse, with an efficient method of documentation as needed for the protection of the child in care. This article reports on the psychometric characteristics of the CCP and discusses its key clinical and administrative merits.
Nutritional Risk among Elderly Rural Midwestern Women
Authors: Pollina Leslee K. , McKee Diane M.
Published: March 2007

Nutritional risk in relation to depression and eating disorder symptoms was assessed among a sample of rural, elderly Midwestern women. Thirty‐seven community‐dwelling women (M age = 72.37, SD = 16.66) were recruited from senior center nutrition sites and other venues. Body mass index (BMI) was derived from bioelectric impedance measurements, and participants completed several questionnaires including the Level I Nutrition Screen, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Results indicated that 72% of participants had BMI scores outside the healthy range for older adults, but they were more likely to be overweight than underweight. Other areas of nutritional concern were identified. Several nutritional risk items were associated with eating disorder symptoms and with higher depression scores. However, in an elderly population, EAT items may reflect health‐related as well as eating disorder symptoms. The need for comprehensive nutritional evaluations involving psychosocial and environmental factors is discussed.
Attitudes Toward Fathering and Father‐Child Activity
Authors: Bigner Jerry J.
Published: March 2007

Responses of 77 middle‐class fathers of preschool‐aged children on two scales, Attitudes Toward Fathering and Father‐Child Activity, were analyzed to determine: (a) whether an association existed between scores on the two scales; and (b) whether responses were associated with age of father; age, sex, and ordinal position of child; and estimated interaction time with child.

As attitude scores increased (became more developmental in nature), there was an associated increase in degree of father‐child activities. Age of fathers was not associated with attitudes toward fathering nor with degree of father‐child activities. Both Attitude and Activity Scale scores remained unchanged as age of children increased. However, as ordinal position of children increased there was a related change in attitudes that were more devel opmental but a related decrease in activities with children. Comparison of scores on both scales showed no significant differences as a function of sex of child. Data from item analyses of the two scales as a function of the three child variables provided additional interpretation to response patterns of the subjects.
Conformity And Judgments Of Fashionability
Authors: Davis Leslie L. , Miller Franklin G.
Published: March 2007

The effects of reference group influences and stimulus ambiguity on conformity in judgments of the fashionability of clothing were investigated using an established conformity paradigm. In a laboratory experiment, 160 female subjects made a reassessment of their original opin ions of the fashionability of six women's suits after being exposed to opinions attributed to one of four reference groups: peers, fashion experts, housewives, or career women (a control group received no group influence manipulation). In addition, half the subjects made judg ments of the present fashionability and half made judgments of the fashionability two years from now. Greater conformity resulted for the more ambiguous judgments of future fash ionability than to judgments of present fashionability. Individuals also conformed more when the opinion was attributed to fashion experts than when the opinion was attributed to the other reference groups. Results are discussed in terms of social influence processes underlying conformity, and implications for fashion research are drawn.
Depression: Relationships to Clothing and Appearance Self‐Concept
Authors: Dubler Mary Lynn Johnson , Gurel Lois M.
Published: March 2007

References to relationships between depression and self‐concept can be found in the literature. So, too, research indicates a relationship between self‐concept and clothing. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate relationships between depression and clothing and appearance self‐concept. Instruments used were a mood scale, a measure of the intensity of depression, and ideal and perceived clothing and appearance self‐concept scales developed for this re search. The data were collected from two groups of women over a 28‐day time span. One group was in a counseling situation; the second group was composed of university faculty and staff. Scores on the measure of clothing and appearance self‐concept increased with level of depression. This was interpreted to mean that clothing may be used to enhance one's appearance in an attempt to boost self‐concept and mood.
Family Cash‐Flow Budgeting
Authors: Beutler Ivan F. , Mason Jerald W.
Published: March 2007

A budget process variable is developed to address three research questions con cerning family cash‐flow management: (1) how frequently is the formalized cash‐ flow budget used, (2) what are the characteristics of those families who tend to use it, and (3) what are the potential benefits associated with the use of a formal budget. The distribution for a formalized budget variable is reported for a repre sentative sample of Iowa families. The distribution is skewed with a dispropor tional large group of households reporting little, if any, formalized planning. Compared to informal planners, formal budget planners are more likely to have the following characteristics: younger, more years of education, two‐spouse households, and high circumstantial demands. Preliminary evidence suggests that benefits like increased wealth accumulation over the long run may be more important than immediate benefits like current satisfactions. A question is raised about the conventional assumption that families typically use a formalized or “normative” budget process.
Clothing and Attributions Concerning Sexual Harassment
Authors: Johnson Kim K. P. , Workman Jane E.
Published: March 2007

This article investigates the effect of provocativeness of clothing and sex of subject on attributions concerning provoking sexual harassment and likelihood of being sexually harassed. A convenience sample of 200 students (98 males, 102 females) was used in the study's 2 (Provocative vs. Nonprovocative clothing) × 2 (Sex of Subject) between‐subjects design. The clothing variable was manipulated through the use of photographs. Subjects' attributions concerning the likelihood that the model would provoke sexual harassment were measured by an 8‐item scale; the likelihood that the model would be the target of sexual harassment was measured by a single item: How likely is this person to be sexually harassed? Multivariate analysis of variance, analyses of variance, and the Student‐Newman‐Keuls test were used to analyze the data. Results revealed that subjects rated the model in provocative clothing as more likely to provoke sexual harassment and to be sexually harassed than the model wearing nonprovocative clothing.
Critical Characteristics of Fabric Quality
Authors: Griffin Mary L. , O'Neal Gwendolyn S.
Published: March 2007

This article investigates the importance of fabric quality to home sewers and the salience of attributes (critical characteristics) used in evaluating fabric quality. The sample consisted of 80 home sewers, 20 subjects from each of four fabric stores, who responded to an instrument designed to determine desired purchase information and attributes used to signify fabric quality. Prior to buying fabric for a casual dress, 96% of subjects considered fabric quality important. Physical cues, such as fiber content labels, color/print/design, and fabric hand, were more important than performance cues, such as ease of care and durability. Intrinsic cues were used more often than extrinsic cues as critical characteristics of fabric quality.
Sketching With Derrida: An Ethnography of a Researcher/Erotic Dancer
Authors: Ronai Carol Rambo
Published: March 2007

This article is a playfully assembled amalgamation of reflections on field notes the author gathered in the early fall of 1992 while locating striptease dancers willing to be interviewed for her dissertation research. Coupling systematic sociological introspection and a layered account format, the author "teases out" her relationship with an informant, as well as her roles as a researcher and a striptease dancer, using various non-concepts from Jacques Derrida. With these resources, the author explores the experience of having ambiguous role identities, while she "plays" with the liminal qualities ofher format, the layered account. The layered account serves as her mystic writing pad as she sketches, erases, and sketches again, her impressions of her informant and their experiences together.
Economic Context and Multiple Abuse Techniques
Authors: LAMBERT LINDA C. , FIRESTONE JUANITA M.
Published: March 2007

The authors use ordinary least squares regression to determine the factors associated with the use of multiple abuse techniques against targets who reported abuse. The data for this analysis come from the 1985 Physical Violence in American Families, Third ICPSR Release. The authors' findings suggest that assaults on women occur within a context of unequal power relationships. Different types of assault appear to occur in a context of unequal means of economic survival. Women who are able to at least equalize their occupational prestige with their partner suffer fewer types of abuse than women whose prestige is lower than their partner's and women from lower socioeconomic households.
Women's Reactions to Sexually Aggressive Mass Media Depictions
Authors: KRAFKA CAROL , LINZ DANIEL , DONNERSTEIN EDWARD , PENROD STEVEN
Published: March 2007

The idea that the media contribute to a cultural climate that is supportive of attitudes facilitating violence against women, diminishes concern for female victims (desensitization), and produces negative changes in women's views of themselves was investigated. Women viewed a film per day for 4 days from one of three categories: a) sexually explicit but nonviolent stimuli, b) sexually explicit, sexually violent stimuli, and c) mildly sexually explicit, graphically violent stimuli. They then served as jurors in a simulated rape trial. Exposure to both types of violent stimuli produced desensitization and ratings of the stimuli as less degrading to women. Women exposed to the mildly sexually explicit, graphically violent stimuli were less sensitive toward the victim in the rape trial than were other film subjects. However, no differences were obtained between the film groups and the no-exposure control group on women's views of themselves.
The Process of Black Suburbanization
Authors: Clay Phillip L.
Published: March 2007

In recent years there has been much discussion in academic and popular literature about the increase in the suburbanization of the black population. While some of the patterns and trends have been documented, no study has analyzed in a disaggregated way the process by which black suburbanization takes place, that is, which blacks move, to what type neighborhoods they move, and in what patterns they settle in the metropolitan area. The author analyzes this process in the context of goals for equal opportunity and concludes that the black suburbanization that is occurring represents more of a resegregation of blacks in particular sectors of suburbia than dispersal in an open housing market.
Electoral Consequences of Neighborhood Improvement Projects
Authors: Johnson Arthur T.
Published: March 2007

The urban politics literature, excepting referenda studies, has ignored local electoral behavior as an indicator of citizen response to local policy decisions. The article examines the possibility that neighborhood improvement projects may result in negative voter feedback if such projects are causing disruption at the time of an election. Public construc tion and voting data were collected for a mayoralty election in a major midwestern city and aggregated at the precinct level. Analysis of the data suggests that local officials must be conscious of the potential costs, as well as benefits, of public works projects if they expect to reap electoral rewards for their efforts.
Consequences of Population Density and Size
Authors: Verbrugge Lois M. , Taylor Ralph B.
Published: March 2007

The classical theory about effects of high residential density is "negative," stating that high density produces negative social attitudes and undesirable behaviors. Yet empirical re search usually finds density only weakly related to individuals' attitudes and behavior. A survey was conducted in Baltimore for three purposes: to test "negative" hypotheses for new dependent variables; to determine if negative density effects appear only when certain "buffers" are weak; and to test hypotheses about "positive" effects of density. Results show that large population size and feelings that an area is overpopulated produce frustrations about the environment. Objective density has some negative and positive effects, but it is less important than population size, subjective appraisal of population, and population composition. Compared to prior research, the special contributions of the Baltimore study are examination of (1) population size, (2) "positive" consequences of high density and large size, and (3) effects in three distinct residential areas.
Foreign Direct Investment and the Role of Local Government
Authors: Kim Pan Suk
Published: March 2007

The author analyzes one urban region's ability to attract foreign direct investment and the role its economic development officials played. Numerous scholars have identified a variety of determinants in foreign corporate deliberations regarding site location but have failed to address the role of local governments. Management innovation, such as public-private partnership to promote economic development and economic development officials using their skills as entrepreneurs, strategists, and ambassadors might attract more foreign investment and soften competition with adjacent localities. Particular attention is focused on factors that would tempt a foreign company to locate in an urban region such as Hampton Roads.
The Factors of Production in Retail Drug-Dealing
Authors: Kleiman Mark A. R. , Young Rebecca M.
Published: March 2007

Drug control efforts are conventionally divided into supply-side (enforcement) and demand-side (preventive education and treatment) policies. The economic concept of factors of production can help illuminate the conditions that support drug consumption and distribution. The factors necessary for drug markets are a common venue; the buyers' access to the venue, desire for drugs, income, and perceived chance of impunity; and the sellers' labor, operating scope within the venue, supply of drugs, ways to spend or save money earned, and perceived chance of impunity. The optimal strategy for any situation will concentrate on those factors that can most readily be made scarce relative to the others.
An Alternative Approach to Urban Economic Development
Authors: Imbroscio David L.
Published: March 2007

Urban political economy scholarship demonstrates the economic dependence of cities. Cities have responded by pursuing urban economic development strategies. Such strategies often do not successfully address this dependency problem, however. In contrast, an alternative strategy for decreasing a city's economic dependence by increasing its economic self-reliance is offered. A model of this alternative approach—a self-reliance strategy for urban economic development—is first sketched. Then its feasibility is assessed through a case study. A discussion of the empirical analysis and the future prospects of this alternative strategy is presented in the final section.
An Exploratory Analysis of American City Council Salaries
Authors: Haas Peter J.
Published: March 2007

The author provides an initial examination of salaries of American city councils. Data from 54 midsize cities are used to demonstrate that, contrary to stereotypes in the literature, American city councils are often full-time, relatively well-paid legislative bodies. Some are higher paid than their respective state legislatures. A number of factors, including structural, fiscal, and state-level variables, are associated with variation in pay for councils. Aside from the full- or part-time status of councils, socioeconomic variables are most closely linked to salaries.
Quasi-Judicial Decision Making and Exclusionary Zoning
Authors: Clingermayer James C.
Published: March 2007

The author examines how quasi-judicial zoning requirements affect exclusionary zoning (i.e., land-use controls that exclude the poor and/or minorities from particular jurisdictions). Using a large sample of communities from nine major metropolitan areas, the analysis reveals that quasi-judicial constraints diminish the level of exclusionary zoning. This indicates that if city councils are not permitted complete legislative discretion when making zoning decisions, they may not be able to satisfy constituent demands to keep out unwanted developments and their residents.
The Assumptive World of Local Political Elites
Authors: Wolman Harold L. , Ford Coit Cook
Published: March 2007

Mayors' behavior is a reflection not only of constituent preferences but also of their own beliefs, values, and perceptions-their assumptive worlds. The authors analyze the responses of Detroit-area mayors to questions about their orientation to the local citizenry, perception of the most important role(s) of local government, task role(s), representative role, and perception of their power relative to other actors in the local political system. Using factor analysis, the authors identify three latent cognitive orientations to characterize the mayors' assumptive worlds-(1) citizen-participation dominated, (2) mayoral-valence concerned, and (3) voter apprehensive. They find that structural attributes (forms of local government) and population size are strongly related to the mayoral-valence-concerned and voter-apprehensive assumptive worlds, whereas personal (gender) and political (partisanship) characteristics may be related only to voter apprehensiveness.
The Character and Consequences of Growth Regimes
Authors: Logan John R. , Whaley Rachel Bridges , Crowder Kyle
Published: March 2007

The authors review the empirical evidence on two key hypotheses derived from the model of the city as a growth machine. The first posits the pervasive influence of progrowth coalitions in local governing regimes. The second states that growth regimes make a difference to local development. The authors offer suggestions to strengthen research on both points, emphasizing the need to distinguish between policy and politics. They urge greater attention to an alternative hypothesis: that the main impacts of growth machines lie in their distributional outcomes—intensifying inequalities among places and displacing alternative goals of governance at the local level.
Urban Regimes and Local Governance in Britain and France
Authors: John Peter , Cole Alistair
Published: March 2007

Rather than weakening regime theory, comparative analysis illuminates its central theoretical insights. The cases of Leeds (United Kingdom) and Lille (France) show cities in contrasting geographical, cultural, and institutional contexts developing regime like local polities through business participation in a wide range of public-sector decisions. The five special noninstitutional factors promoting regimes are local business ownership, business integration, large metropolitan context, and economic advantage or disadvantage. The distinctiveness of these cities in their countries is an indication of the degree of policy learning and capacity generation that has taken place.
Inside Dopes?
Authors: Sigelman Lee , Manheim Jarol B. , Pierce Susannah
Published: March 2007

In this article, we classify and evaluate the accuracy of the predictions issued by members of The McLaughlin Group, a Washington-based, syndicated public affairs discussion program with a sizable following among political elites. We conclude that the influence of John McLaughlin and his colleagues must be based principally on the interests and perceptions of their audience rather than on the clarity and accuracy of their predictions, both of which are lacking. We argue, however, that this does not make the program any less important a component of political discourse in the nation's capital.
In Praise of Packaging?
Authors: Street John
Published: March 2007

With each passing election, increased attention is paid to the “packaging” of politics—the use of advertising, media consultants, and “spin doctors” to sell parties and politicians. The general assumption is that such packaging diminishes the quality of modern democracy by promoting style over content. This article challenges that widely held view, arguing that we need to understand the pressures that lead to packaging and recognize the benefits that it can bring. The question of whether political packaging is in fact harmful rests upon an appreciation of the quality of the packaging, not the fact of it, and this acknowledges that politics is inevitably a part of popular culture. Ultimately, an understanding of political communication is predicated on an understanding of popular forms of communication generally.
Media Agency and the Use of Icons in the Agenda-Setting Process
Authors: Dahl Megan K. , Bennett W. Lance
Published: March 2007

This article explores George Bush's illness on a trade mission to Japan as an example of a news icon. News icons are symbolic devices that epitomize conflict and change in society and grant journalists license to redefine the policy context. Arising at moments of policy monopoly breakdown, icons give the news media an active role in the policy process.
Setting the Record Straight
Authors: Jamieson Kathleen Hall , Cappella Joseph N.
Published: March 2007

Ad watches are a technique that broadcasters use to critique political ads. Research evaluating their effectiveness by Stephen Ansolabehere and Shanto lyengar (1996) found that ad watches actually helped the candidates being criticized. These results may be due to the authors' choice of ad watches, which were more supportive than critical. Ad watches using critical commentary can reframe the targeted ad and undermine its justification.
The 1996 Presidential Campaign in Taiwan
Authors: Rawnsley Gary D.
Published: March 2007

This article explores how China's military exercises influenced the campaigns of the candidates in Taiwan's first presidential election in March 1996. It draws on our understanding of election campaigning in the West to demonstrate how candidates responded to (1) the advantages of incumbency; (2) the requirements of the modern mass media; (3) negative campaigning; and (4) the importance of finance and professionalism. It challenges the assumption that these trends represent an “Americanization” of campaigning, since traditional methods of voter mobilization remain crucially important in Taiwan's evolving electoral system.
Examining the Demise of the National Republican Coalition
Authors: Johnson-Cartee Karen , Copeland Gary A. , Marquez Arma , Buford Jonathan , Stephens Joe
Published: March 2007

This study examines the philosophical battle waged within the National Republican Party between the Old Liberals and the Conservative Right during the 1992 and 1996 presidential campaigns, which ultimately denied the presidential nominees' electoral victory. It is suggested that the Republican Party will not regain the presidency until the delegate-selection process for Republican presidential campaign conventions is altered to encourage moderate delegate selection, which would result in a more palatable national image.
On the Theory of Growth Twins in Quartz
Authors: Ericksen J. L.
Published: March 2007

Being generally interested in twinning phenomena in crystals, the author became curious to know what can be done with available continuum theory, to better analyze growth twins in minerals. The most common mineral is quartz, a very useful material, and a variety of different kinds of growth twins occur in quartz crystals. So, he picked this material for his first attempt to analyze growth twins. The author is encouraged to find that, even at the elementary level, this does add something to our understanding of them. His aim is to elaborate this, using thermoelasticity theory and the X-ray theory described below.
Caring for the Homebound Elderly: A Partnership between Nurse Practitioners and Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Cestari Laura , Currier Eileen
Published: March 2007

Access to primary care and case management is an increasing challenge for growing numbers of homebound elderly. Physicians, nurse practitioners, nurses, and patients are affected by constraints of the health care system. Collaborative models incorporating the expertise of nurse practitioners may be useful to address the unique needs of frail homebound elders who choose to remain in the community. Home visits by physicians, nurse practitioners, and nurses each address various components of the complex needs of elderly homebound patients. In combination, their expertise can provide access, ensure quality, and promote cost-effective primary care and case management. This article describes an innovative partnership between physicians and nurse practitioners addressing barriers to primary care for homebound elders in the Boston area.
A Social Work Case Management Experience in a Managed Care Setting: The Need for Effective Communication
Authors: Meeks Jill B.
Published: March 2007

Many systems come together to provide for the health care needs of an individual. Case management is practiced by several professional disciplines in various settings. It is in the best interest of the consumers to have case managers collaborate so that each professional specialty may be fully realized. The social work case manager in a managed care setting is a psychosocial resource in the health care continuum.
The Outcome-Based Quality Improvement Pilot Project: A Perspective from Maryland
Authors: Chisholm Deborah L. , Murdock Kathleen
Published: March 2007

Home health agencies have been collecting objective outcome data through their OASIS assessments since 1999. These data are being used to produce three reports: the adverse event outcome report, the risk-adjusted outcome report, and the case mix report. In early 2002, agencies nationwide will receive a risk-adjusted outcome report and case mix report, which will be used for Outcome-Based Quality Improvement (OBQI). The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has funded the Outcome-Based Quality Improvement Pilot Project. The Quality Improvement Organizations (QIO) in five states—Maryland, Michigan, New York, Rhode Island, and Virginia—and approximately 416 volunteer agencies are participating in this project. This article provides an overview of implementing the pilot project in Maryland and shares the observations and experiences of the Maryland QIO Project Coordinator.
The Great White Plague and other epidemics: Lessons from early
Authors: Burgess Wendy
Published: March 2007

Visiting nurses today are challenged by communicable diseases such as tuberculosis and AIDS. These challenges are similar to those that confronted the first visiting nurses in this country who cared for persons with communicable diseases around the turn of this century. They fought tuber culosis, influenza, and infantile paralysis (polio) while struggling with limitations posed by social, medical, and environmental constraints. Remarkably dedicated and innovative, their efforts formed the basis for home care today, and many of their ideas are still relevant.
Cocaine-Abused Babies Programs: Elements of Planning and Practical Tips
Authors: Miller Judith L. , Stimpson Sandra
Published: March 2007

This article describes the evolution of a home health care program's development, focusing on the Visiting Nurse Association of Central Jersey's Cocaine-Abused Babies Program (CAB). The various components of the planning process are enumerated, including needs assessment, determination of appropriate objectives and outcomes, identification of stakeholders, and staffing needs. Examples from the agency's 5-year-old program are used to illustrate each part of the process. The CAB Project is an intensive home visiting program. Its primary objective is to enhance parenting abilities of mothers who used cocaine prenatally and to enhance and support the nurses providing intervention visits.
Methods for Recruiting and Evaluating Job Candidates
Authors: Shiplacoff David A.
Published: March 2007

Selecting competent and compatible management employees depends on the identification and evaluation of suitable candidates. This article provides practical advice for advertising, networking, and using search firms to enable an employer to reach a large pool of suitable prospective candidates. The merits of a written position description, which provides an objective document defining the person and position to be filled, a checklist of qualifications to use as a framework for interviewing candidates, and a time-saving handout to give to interested prospects, are discussed. Effective candidate evaluation methods are discussed, with practical pointers for screening resumes, conducting telephone and personal interviews, and checking references.
Patient Care Coordination of Adult Oncology Patients in Home Health
Authors: Callahan Rita R.
Published: March 2007

This article illustrates several key components regarding caring for adult oncology patients at home, such as focusing on the oncology nurse as the patient care coordinator (PCC) instead of utilizing today's terminology as the case manager. Oncology nurses are of a rare breed. They must have extensive skill, knowledge, compassion, and insight to manage patients with devastating diseases, which sets them apart from other nurses. As managed care changes the timing of discharge from the acute care setting into the home, oncology nurses are assuming more responsibilities relating to appropriate home care and teaching. The following case studies represent examples of oncology care provided by the PCC (the primary nurse). Oncology nurses assist patients and families with various issues such as: listening to underlying concerns, providing physical care, managing pain with patient control analgesia (PCA) when appropriate, and offering comfort care! support during a patient's death and dying process.
Home Care `Readiness' for Managed Care: A Survey of Organizational Systems of Home Care Agencies
Authors: Medley Therese W. , Nickel Jennie T.
Published: March 2007

Survival in the home care market will be directly related to agency readiness to function in a managed care environment. Are current capabilities and planned initiatives in responding to increased utilization of managed care enough to ensure survival in the next decade of health care? The home care industry is well aware of changes needed and is moving rapidly to achieve the readiness in operations required. Factors were identified as predictors of readiness such as accreditation and size. This study provides a "snap shot" of home care readiness for managed care, documenting current system capabilities and plans for organizational development of these capabilities.
Engineers, intellectuals and the state: assessing technology in the Weimar Republic
Authors: Dierkes Meinolf , Knie Andreas , Wagner Peter
Published: March 2007

Dierkes, M., Knie, A. and Wagner, P., 1990. Engineers, intellectuals and the state: assessing technology in the Weimar Republic. Industrial Crisis Quarterly, 4: 155-174.

Political debate about technological development has intensified in the Fed eral Republic of Germany since the 1970s, questioning in particular the ade quacy of the modes of regulation governing the use of new technologies. Against this background, this paper reassesses the discussion about the relation be tween technology and politics during the Weimar Republic, with a view to plac ing the present disputes in a broader political context.

The analysis starts with a look at the mode of technological regulation in use at the end of the 19th century, which restricted political measures to the setting of legal frames and did not allow detailed guidelines to be laid down. Critical debates on this mode became one of the dominant political themes during the 1920s. Social science and philosophical discourses on the cultural crises of mass society had a particular impact in these debates. Proposals which stemmed from this intellectual milieu contrasted with the old concepts in their strong affinity to ideas of the authoritarian state. Some of these proposals are described, and related to the actual measures taken by parliament and government to regulate the introduction of new technologies.
Causes and Effects of Rising Production Costs in the U.S. Nuclear Power Industry
Authors: Verma Kiran , Marcus Alfred
Published: March 2007

Nuclear power production costs have increased to the point where nuclear power no longer is as competitive as it once was with other forms of power generation such as coal. Pressures to cut nuclear power production costs have been growing, but concerns have been raised about the impacts of any future cost reductions on safety. Industry claims that rising production costs are a consequence of regulation and that better-performing plants have lower costs. The authors' analysis of the 1987-1990 data suggests that production cost increases are sig nificantly related to enhancements in efficiency; they have no bearing on safety.
Economic Dimensions of Environmental and Technological Risk Events: Toward a Tenable Taxonomy
Authors: Cohen Maurie J.
Published: March 2007

The design of taxonomies can be a useful first step in theory building. Several social-science disciplines interested in human responses to hazards and disasters have successfully employed classificatory approaches to provide foundations for more detailed theorizing. In recent years, debate regarding the appropriateness of various typologies to organize environmental and technological risk events has been particularly pronounced in the fields of sociology and psychology In contrast, economic research regarding catastrophic phenomena has proceeded ad hoc without an appropriate means of categorizing aversive agents. To encourage development of a conceptual framework for the economic dimensions of risk events, this article introduces a taxonomy referred to as a local economic impact continuum (LEIC). This classificatory scheme differentiates environmental and technological risk events into five categories: immediate-onset natural disasters, physical-impact technological accidents, human-impact technological accidents, chronic technical disasters, and chronic natural disasters. By characterizing ideal types and focusing on the relative ambiguity inherent in the aversive agent, this taxonomy can distinguish the local economic impacts generated by these incidents.
A Pracademic Research Agenda for Public Infrastructure
Authors: Price Willard T.
Published: March 2007

Three recent articles inPublic Works Management& Policy (PWMP ) have brought new attention to the question of curricula for the public works/infrastructure (PW/IF) profession. This curriculum renewal is truly welcomed by those who have struggled to establish PW academic programs in the past. Previous graduate programs have regularly failed to attract sufficient PW practitioners or engineering graduates to sustain such an academic field. For the past 5 years, the PW profession has been served byPWMP , which has created a new literature from an emerging cadre of academics and practitioners. The journal’s editors believe such scholarship is an essential first step for renewed curricular offerings. This article synthesizes the three curricular initiatives and produces a “pracademic” research agenda to provide substance for PW/IF academic centers of excellence.
The Politics of Place
Authors: Lalloo Kiran
Published: March 2007

This article examines the history of landspeculation andinfrastructure develop ment in western New York during the early 19th century. The theoretical framework is basedon the social construction of place as describedby Logan andMolotch, particularly their theories about growth coalitions, the use values andexchange values of place, andthe distribution of power in favor of corporate elite. The Hol landLandCompany andits relationships with the resident population, landown ers, merchants, and government are examined. The study highlights three themes about the politics of place. The first relates to the formation of corporate elite and their power to direct infrastructure development. The second concerns the power of corporate elite to exploit exchange value andthe attempts of local residents to protect use value. The thirdrelates to the intersection of exchange value anduse value, and collaborations between the beneficiaries of each. The development of roads, the Erie Canal, andthe Buffalo Harbor receive particular attention.
Prohibition, Alcohol, and Murder
Authors: JENSEN GARY F.
Published: March 2007

A common belief expressed in criminology and social problems textbooks is that Prohibition failed to lower alcohol consumption, compounded drinking-related problems, and escalated secondary problems such as murder. However, little or no research is cited in support of these claims. This article reports the results of a multivariate time series analysis of the links among Prohibition, alcohol, and murder. Eckberg's adjusted vital statistics on homicide for the early 20th century are used to test the following three hypotheses: (a) net of any effects of other variables, Prohibition is a significant negative correlate of alcohol consumption; (b) net of the effects of other variables in the analysis, Prohibition is a significant positive correlate of homicide rates; and (c) net of the effects of other variables in the analysis, alcohol consumption is a significant positive correlate of homicide rates. Findings are consistent with all three hypotheses.
Women with Children Sired by Previous Partners Incur Excess Risk of Uxoricide
Authors: DALY MARTIN , WISEMAN KAREN A. , WILSON MARGO I.
Published: March 2007

Information about uxoricides (killings of wives) in one Canadian city between 1974 and 1995 was extracted from media reports. Among those slain women who were mothers of coresident minor children, half had children sired by former partners, compared to just 7% of comparable such mothers in the population at large, yielding an odds ratio of 12.7. This risk factor is likely to be widespread but has not previously been demonstrated because homicide archives typically lack relevant information. Female-initiated separation was apparently a motivational factor in more than half of all uxoricides, and media reports can be informative with respect to the timing and circumstances of uxoricide risk in relation to marital dissolution.
Deterrence Versus Brutalization
Authors: THOMSON ERNIE
Published: March 2007

For several decades, the debates and research regarding the death penalty and deterrence have focused on whether the assumed deterrent effects were real. The rise of brutalization theory, and the growing evidence in support of the theory, poses a dilemma with a different significance: It appears that executions cause more homicides than they prevent and thus increase homicide rates. This study of deterrent and brutalization effects of an Arizona execution partially replicates and extends a study that used a naturally occurring quasi-experimental situation to assess the impact of an Oklahoma execution on different (i.e., disaggregated) types of homicides in Oklahoma. The findings are consistent with those of the Oklahoma study, and indicate that Arizona's first execution in more than 29 years had no deterrent effect on Arizona homicides, but instead, led to increases in several types of homicides consistent with the predictions of brutalization theory.
Changing Patterns of Homicide and Social Policy
Authors: ZAHN MARGARET A. , JAMIESON KATHERINE M.
Published: March 2007

“Changing Patterns of Homicide and Social Policy” is a grant funded by the National Institute of Justice to examine homicide in three urban areas. The goals of the project are (a) to document the nature of changes in homicide in three sites from 1980 to 1994; (b) to determine neighborhood correlates of changes in homicide victimization and offending patterns; and (c) to provide a preliminary assessment of the influence of police, welfare, educational, and recreational policies on the number and type of homicides evident in selected cities. These goals are addressed through different methodological approaches.
Homicide in Israel
Authors: LANDAU SIMHA F.
Published: March 2007

This study investigated the relationship between the subjective perception of stress and support (as independent variables) and the prevalence of homicide. The theoretical framework is provided by a model that postulates homicide as positively related to stress factors and negatively related to support systems. The 11 stress indicators and three support (solidarity) indicators were derived from surveys of Israel's urban population. Monthly data for the period September 1979 to December 1993 were analyzed. The model received partial support regarding stress indicators and substantial support regarding solidarity indicators. A comparison between this study and a previous one (from June 1967 to August 1979) reveals that economic stress has the most permanent and consistent effect over time on homicide. The effect of social solidarity on homicide is stable over time but changes in intensity. The effects of political and security-related stress on homicide were found to be inconsistent over time.
Firearm- and Non-Firearm-Related Homicide among Children
Authors: KRUG ETIENNE G. , MERCY JAMES A. , DAHLBERG LINDA L. , POWELL KENNETH E.
Published: March 2007

Data from 26 industrialized countries are compared to understand the incidence of firearm-related and non-firearm-related homicide among children under 15 years of age. Comparisons were made between rates per 100,000 children for each country and for the United States and all non-U.S. countries combined. It was found that the U.S. rates far exceed those of other countries. The childhood homicide rate is five times higher in the United States than in all of the other countries combined (2.57 versus 0.51). The firearm-related homicide rate for children under 15 years of age is 16 times higher in the United States than in the 25 other countries (0.94 versus 0.06), and the non-firearm-related homicide rate is four times higher (1.63 versus 0.45). These findings suggest the value of conducting further research to explain cross-national differences.
Patterns in Intimate Partner Homicide
Authors: RIEDEL MARC , BEST JOEL
Published: March 2007

This article examines correlates and patterns of intimate partner homicide by relationship type and gender ratio of victimization with data for over 2,500 such homicides committed in California between 1987 and 1996. Many of Wolfgang's findings for spousal homicide in Philadelphia 40 years ago are reproduced in the authors' analysis of presentday California. Similar to Wolfgang, they find that female-perpetrated intimate homicides are especially likely to occur in private settings, to result from arguments, and to involve knives as the instrument of death. They also find, as did Wolfgang, that the ratio of female-to-male perpetrated killings is substantially higher among African Americans than among other groups. Although the range of relationship types is considerably broader than when Wolfgang conducted his research, encompassing large numbers of unmarried cohabiting couples, Wolfgang's research remains a durable foundation for understanding how the most intimate human relationships end in homicide.
State Aid and Educational Opportunity
Authors: Wilensky Gail R.
Published: March 2007

"It is the kind of policy-oriented research which we as an institution encourage: research which, in addition to generating knowledge with more immediate social utility, uses real-world concerns and applications to raise questions with important consequences for basic theory. We see a close and mutually beneficial relationship between basic and applied social science research with real situations and problems directing the scholar's attention to important and relevant extensions of theory. This study also reflects the belief that the concerns of normative theory are most likely to be useful when consciously related to positive theory." —from the Foreword by JOHN P. CRECINE