bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory of Northern Irish Catholics and Protestants for Violent Incidents and Their Explanations for the 1981 Hunger Strike
Authors: McKeever C. F. , Joseph S. , McCormack J.
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study was to examine the memory of Northern Irish Catholics ( n = 20) and Protestants ( n = 21) for violent events which had occurred over the previous 11 years and their explanations for those events. It was predicted that Catholics would recall more events involving Catholic deaths than Protestants and that Protestants would recall more events involving Protestant deaths than Catholics. Although Catholics were as likely as Protestants to recall incidents which resulted in Protestant deaths, Protestants were less likely than Catholics to recall incidents involving Catholic deaths. Also, there were divergent explanations for the 1981 hunger strike with most Protestants attributing responsibility to factors internal to the hunger strikers and most Catholics attributing responsibility to factors external to the hunger strikers.
Dissociative Experiences of Vietnam Veterans with Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Hyer Lee A. , Albrecht J. William , Boudewyns Patrick A. , Woods M. Gail , Brandsma Jeffrey
Published: August 2011

Interest in dissociation has been renewed, and its relationship to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is especially intriguing. In this study 57 consecutively admitted chronic, combat-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder sufferers were grouped by scores on a dissociative scale (Dissociative Experiences Scale). The three groups (high, medium, and low) were compared on personality measures (MMPI basic scales and subscales, and Millon's MCMI), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder measures, and a psychophysiological index of heart rate under baseline trauma conditions. The results showed that the survivors with more dissociative experiences show distinctive and higher symptom levels—excessive fearfulness, symptoms of strange experiences, and high tonic psychophysiological states—as well as greater severity of ratings of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (on the Mississippi Scale). The discussion addressed the possible role of dissociation in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
The Structure of Interpersonal Trust in the Workplace
Authors: Schindler Paul L. , Thomas Cher C.
Published: August 2011

The importance of each of five underlying interpersonal trust components (competence, consistency, integrity, loyalty, and openness) as they affect trust among supervisors, subordinates, and peers was examined. Subjects included 66 supervisors and executives. While the importance of conditions of trust differed within each dyad, the results were not as predicted, as the order of importance was the same for all three dyads: integrity > competence > loyalty > consistency > openness. Among dyads, no differences were found for the importance of integrity, competence, or loyalty while consistency and openness were more important for trust in peers than trust in supervisors or subordinates.
Speed and Accuracy of Memory Decisions in Older Adults
Authors: Perfect T. J. , Rabbitt P. M. A.
Published: August 2011

An experiment examined the speed and accuracy with which older individuals made decisions about the contents of their memory. 63 volunteers aged between 50 and 80 years made speeded decisions about whether they knew the meaning of rare words presented to them on a computer screen followed by a forced-choice recognition test to assess the veracity of the memory decisions. Subjects were required to select 3 targets from a list of 10 that together constituted the definition of the original word. Analysis showed (i) the older adults were slower to decide whether or not they knew the words, (ii) positive decisions were quicker when more was known about the target, (iii) the age difference in decision speed was unrelated to the amount known about each item.
Solipsism and Schizophrenia
Authors: Goldwert Marvin
Published: August 2011

This paper describes how a schizophrenic, torn by painful feelings of centrality, may resort to a form of solipsism, contending that horrific historical processes like World War II occurred not in external history but in his own mind.
Psychology of the Scientist: LXVI. The Idiot Savants Have Taken over the Psychology Labs! or Why in Science Using the Rejection of the Null Hypothesis as the Basis for Affirming the Research Hypothesis is Unwarranted
Authors: Sohn David
Published: August 2011

The fable of a group of idiot savants, who conduct methodologically flawless research to test senseless research hypotheses and are able to affirm some of them on the basis of the rejection of the null hypothesis, is used to dramatize the argument that the rejection of the null hypothesis, by itself, is not sufficient grounds for affirming the research hypothesis. Reasons and examples are given to argue that affirmation of a scientific hypothesis must be based primarily on substantive evidence that is independent of an hypothesis test.
Depression, Suicidal Preoccupation and Scores on the Rokeach Value Survey: A Correction
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Depression scores and current suicidal ideation were not strongly associated with responses to the Rokeach Value Survey in a sample of 108 college students.
Attachment Histories for People with Characteristics of Self-Defeating Personality
Authors: Williams Deirdre , Schill Thomas
Published: August 2011

Correlations of undergraduates' responses (79 men, 79 women) to the Self-defeating Personality Scale and Gough and Heilbrun's Adjective Check List indicated people who had more characteristics of self-defeating personality were more likely to recall ambivalent and avoidant attachment histories regarding their mothers. There was a tendency for men to recall avoidant attachment histories for fathers as well. These results lend some support to Glickhauf-Hughes and Wells who in 1991 contended being reared in an unpredictable environment by parents who are ambivalent contributes to the development of self-defeating personality. The rs suggest these characteristics are related to cold and rejecting parenting as well.
Further Research on Personality Organization Using the Differential Diagnostic Technique
Authors: Weininger O. , Erdman J. E. , Ammons W. J.
Published: August 2011

Two recent studies utilizing the Differential Diagnostic Technique as a primary means of assessment delineated several personality dimensions that reflect the over-all functioning of children in various placement settings. Amnions' 1991 study involved a young offender population of 110 males aged 12 to 17 years. Erdman (1992) looked at 691 children in residential care, both male and female, who ranged in age from 7 to 16 years. Despite different populations and statistical analyses, the personality dimensions produced in the different studies reflected a similar type of personality organization. In assessing personality, the Differential Diagnostic Technique is shown to be consonant with more traditional, empirically based modes of symptom and behavioral classification.
Loneliness and College Achievement: Do Loneliness Scale Scores Predict College Drop-Out?
Authors: Rotenberg Ken J. , Morrison Jon
Published: August 2011

916 college students enrolled in two consecutive years of introductory psychology (1989 and 1990) were administered the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale at the beginning of the academic year. When controlling for the number of students who withdrew because their grades were poor, loneliness scale scores predicted college dropout for men from the 1989 group and for men and women from the 1990 group. The potential of loneliness, as a state and a trait, as a predictor of dropping out of college was discussed.
Unidimensionality and Cumulativeness of the Loneliness Scale Using Mokken Scale Analysis for Polychotomous Items
Authors: Moorer P. , Suurmeijer T. P. B. M.
Published: August 2011

The unidimensionality and cumulativeness of the Loneliness Scale of De Jong-Gierveld was investigated using the Mokken Scale Analysis for polychotomous items. 10 of the 11 items of the original Loneliness Scale constituted a unidimensional, cumulative scale, with a homogeneity coefficient H of 0.37 and a reliability coefficient rho of 0.88.
Herrnstein's Equation: Data from 110 Rats
Authors: Bradshaw C. M. , Szabadi E.
Published: August 2011

110 rats were trained under a series of variable-interval schedules of sucrose reinforcement (0.6 M, 50 μl), covering a wide range of scheduled interreinforcement intervals. Response and reinforcement rates recorded during the last five sessions of exposure to each schedule were used to fit Herrnstein's (1970) hyperbolic ‘response strength’ equation to the data from each rat The equation accounted for >80% of the data variance in 90%, and >90% of the variance in 60% of the sample. The distribution of the values of Rmax, the asymptote of the hyperbolic curve, did not depart significantly from normality. However, the distribution of the values of KH, the reinforcement rate needed to maintain the half-maximum response rate, was markedly skewed; logarithmically transformed values of KH conformed to a normal distribution. The data provide further support for the applicability of Herrnstein's equation to variable-interval performance; it is suggested that studies involving comparison of the parameters of the equation between groups of subjects should adopt logarithmic transformation of the values of KH.
A Framework for Reflective Inquiry on Practice: Beyond Intuition and Experience
Authors: Shapiro Stewart B. , Reiff John
Published: August 2011

The process of Reflective Inquiry on Practice in a supportive context can lead professionals to seminal insights into their practices and ultimately to improvements in those practices. In this paper, we describe a five-level model for such reflective inquiry and demonstrate how it can be embedded in the context of a small-group situation. A case study is presented to exemplify the process in action. We offer this framework as a promising tool for professional development.
Perceived Gender Roles of Managers and Effective Conflict Management
Authors: Jurma William E. , Powell Marjorie L.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the perceived conflict-management behavior and effectiveness of 45 managers who had been rated by 230 subordinates as representing masculine, feminine, or androgynous gender-role types. Analysis indicated that managers perceived by their subordinates as being androgynous were rated as better handlers of conflict situations than their masculine or feminine peers.
Long-Term Stability of Individual WISC—R IQs of Learning Disabled Children
Authors: Haddad Frederick A. , Juliano Jane M. , Vaughan Dale
Published: August 2011

Stability of IQ for race and gender was examined by analyzing the results of two administrations over 3 years of the WISC—R for 402 learning disabled children. About 50% of the variance in Test 2 was accounted for by scores on Test 1. Frequency of positive or negative difference for each IQ from Test 1 to Test 2 was presented. Direction of change in IQ was negative for the Verbal Scale and positive for changes on the Performance Scale.
Effects of a TV Drama Series upon Public Impressions about Psychiatrists
Authors: Sancho-Aldridge Jane , Gunter Barrie
Published: August 2011

A survey was conducted among a nationally representative sample of over 2,800 UK television viewers to examine audience reactions towards a drama series about psychiatry. Whilst the majority of respondents agreed that the drama Shrinks was good entertainment and gave a realistic view of the field of psychiatry, those who reportedly had a close association with a mentally ill person were less likely to find the characterisations of the patients and psychiatrists credible. Despite the misgivings of practising psychiatrists and clinical psychologists, however, no evidence was found to support the idea that watching the drama resulted in misconceptions about the real world of psychiatric medicine.
Measuring the Poles of Negative and Positive Mood Using the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule and Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List
Authors: Nemanick Richard C. , Munz David C.
Published: August 2011

The Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) has become one of the most widely used measures of mood. It was developed from research using responses to adjective checklists as empirical evidence for the two independent, bipolar factor model of mood. However, when scores on the PANAS were factor analyzed with those from another mood checklist, Thayer's Activation Deactivation Adjective Check List, the PANAS represented only half of the model proposed by Watson and Tellegen (1985) by not containing adjectives representing the lower poles of positive and negative affect.
Effects of Ethnicity on Prison Sentencing
Authors: Dunwoody Philip T. , Frank Michael L.
Published: August 2011

When the race of the subject, the victim, and the accused were varied, there was no interaction; however, the 48 black college students gave longer sentences than the 128 white ones.
Perceived and Actual Mathematical Competencies of Children with Visual Impairments and Learning Disabilities
Authors: Woods Rodney W. , Lindsey Jimmy D.
Published: August 2011

This study compared 5 visually impaired learning disabled children's perceived and actual mathematical competencies. Analysis indicated that their competencies were significantly different.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Male and Female Dutch Resistance Veterans of World War II in Relation to Trait Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Hovens J. E. , Op den Velde W. , Falger P. R. J. , De Groen J. H. M. , Van Duijn H.
Published: August 2011

In this study, 680 male and 144 female Dutch Resistance veterans of World War II were evaluated on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, trait anxiety, and depression. Approximately 27% of these men and 20% of these women showed current Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Resistance veterans, as a group, appeared comparable to the controls from Dutch validation studies on trait anxiety and depression. Gender differences were not observed. Veterans with current PTSD symptoms scored higher on trait anxiety and depression than the remaining veterans and were comparable on trait anxiety and depression to psychiatric patients. Correlational analyses showed that there was a strong association between trait anxiety and depression. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder correlated highly with trait anxiety and depression.
A Mental Measures Classification System for Noncommercially Produced Research Instruments
Authors: Mitchell David F. , Goldman Bert A.
Published: August 2011

Psychometric tests are available through both commercial and noncommercial sources. The Mental Measurements Yearbook provides adequate classification of the commercially available instruments which it reviews, but the system lacks the detail required to embrace the many concepts of the little-known experimental measures constructed by researchers in education, psychology, and sociology. The 24-category classification system described here is an attempt to order the myriad noncommercially constructed instruments and in so doing make these measures known to researchers. This measurement classification system along with the Directories of Unpublished Experimental Mental Measures for which the system was developed provide behavioral and social science researchers easy access to noncommercially constructed measuring instruments in the fields of education, psychology, and sociology.
The Position of Sex-Typical Words in Two-Dimensional Emotion Space
Authors: Whissell Cynthia , Chellew Guylaine
Published: August 2011

Data from five experiments (total N = 304) were used to examine differences in assignments of sex-typicality to personality-describing words. The several significant differences were interpreted in terms of the location of male-typical and female-typical words in two-dimensional emotion space. Words judged as typical of women were consistently more pleasant and less active than those judged as typical of men. The report includes tables of over 200 sex-typical words.
Use of Self-Reported College Aptitude Test Scores in Accounting Education Research
Authors: Wilson Thomas E. , Ward Dan R. , Ward Suzanne Pinac
Published: August 2011

The assumptions inherent in the use of self-reported college aptitude test scores in research may not hold. In this study of 196 students, reporting error was quite common with 90% of all errors being overstatements.
Communication Factors and Trust: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Butler John K. , Cantrell R. Stephen
Published: August 2011

This study explored the relation between trust and specific factors of communication in a workplace environment for a sample of 82 men and 31 women ( M age = 37.1 yr.). Strong relations were found, and three communication factors responsible for these relations were identified.
Relationship between Personality Disorders and Clinical Symptoms in Psychiatric Inpatients as Measured by the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory
Authors: Chick David , Martin Stephen K. , Nevels Robert , Cotton C. Randy
Published: August 2011

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory is a 175-item psychodiagnostic instrument which is based on Millon's theory of psychopathology, in which Millon suggests clinical symptoms result from an exacerbation of an individual's personality style when under stress. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relations of personality disorders to clinical symptoms as measured by the inventory. The sample of 245 inpatients from a state psychiatric hospital completed the Millon inventory between January, 1987 and April. 1989 Stepwise multiple-regression analyses were conducted to ascertain the relationship between personality disorders and symptoms. The 9 clinical symptom scales served as criterion variables while the personality-disorder scales served as predictor variables. The results were generally consistent with expectation and are discussed in terms of Millon's theory.
Opinions of Human Resource Professionals on Candor of Reference-Givers
Authors: Kleiman Lawrence S. , White Charles S.
Published: August 2011

This study surveyed the views of 131 human resource professionals regarding the candidness of information given during the reference-checking process. Analysis indicated that most reference-givers are less than fully candid when describing the qualifications of a job applicant. Implications for those seeking references are discussed.
Computer-Administered Visual Analogue Mood Scales: Rapid and Valid Assessment of Mood in HIV Positive Individuals
Authors: Maruff P. , Wood S. , Currie J. , McArthur-Jackson C. , Malone V. , Benson E.
Published: August 2011

Studies of cognition in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus must take into account the effects of mood. Standardised mood-rating questionnaires are oftentimes consuming and fatiguing for such patients and so may be omitted from experiments. Visual analogue rating scales for affective state are rapidly administered and are quite acceptable to subjects. In 64 HIV seropositive homosexual or bisexual males, measures of anxiety and depression derived from two computer-administered visual analogue scales were compared with anxiety and depression ratings from the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression. Analogue ratings of anxiety correlated .80 with STAI State anxiety and .58 with STAI Trait anxiety measures and analogue ratings of depression correlated .78 with CES-Depression measures. Analogue ratings may differentiate situational anxiety and depression more effectively and so are valid tools in assessment of anxiety and depression in HIV seropositive subjects. These may be of particular value when limitations of time or patient illness require a rapid assessment of mood variables in neuropsychiatric research.
Predictors of Coping Strategies among Adults with Cancer
Authors: Behen Joseph M. , Rodrigue James R.
Published: August 2011

The predictive utility of emotional distress, social support, and satisfaction with health care for use of particular coping strategies (confrontation, avoidance, acceptance-resignation) was examined in 130 adults with cancer. Analysis indicated that emotional distress was the most salient predictor of adults' use of coping strategies characterized by avoidance and acceptance-resignation, after controlling for the effects of duration of disease and relevant demographic characteristics. Emotional distress, social support, and satisfaction with health care did not account for a significant percentage of the variance in coping strategies characterized by confrontation.
Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Family Environments of Anglo-, Greek-, and Italian-Australians
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin
Published: August 2011

Discriminant analysis was used to examine ethnic-group differences in the family environments of 615 11-yr.-old Australian children. The results indicated differences in the learning environments of children from Anglo-, Greek-, and Italian-Australian families.
Comparing Projective with Self-Rating Measurement Scales: An Application to Customer-Orientation Measures
Authors: Pilling Bruce K. , Eroglu Dogan , Boles James S.
Published: August 2011

Within a sales context, measurement scales are often used to support both academic research and managerial decision making. Improvement in measurement scales should lead to the development of better theories as well as more effective managerial decisions. This paper examined a projective measurement technique as an alternative to traditional self-report measures. Data were collected on customers' orientation from three perspectives, a direct self-report by salespeople, a projective technique by salespeople, and a customer-orientation measure completed by retail buyers. A total of 484 salespeople and 484 retail buyers participated in the study, responding to an adaptation of the Selling Orientation Customer Orientation scale. Comparisons of the scores among the three groups were made. The mean from the projective scale was between the mean for the direct scale and the mean for the buyer scale. Also, the self-report measure produced the smallest variance while the projective scale produced the largest variance. These results indicated support for the projective technique in reducing self-report bias.
Thinking Styles of Chinese and American Adult Students in Higher Education: A Comparative Study
Authors: Huang Jianyi , Sisco Burton R.
Published: August 2011

This research concerned the thinking styles of 150 Chinese and American graduate students, using the Inquiry Mode Questionnaire by Harrison and Bramson. The analysis showed the Chinese students scored as more pragmatic than the American group, and the Chinese men and American women scored as more idealistic than the Chinese women and American men. The study also indicated that students of social science or humanities and of natural science scored as more idealistic than those in engineering. Students of natural science and engineering scored as more analytical than those from social science or humanities, and engineering students scored as more realistic than those of the other majors. This group of students preferred the analytical thinking style most and the synthesist style least.
Self-Consciousness Scale Dimensions: An Italian Adaptation
Authors: Comunian A. L.
Published: August 2011

The present report describes the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of an Italian translation of the Fenigstein, Scheier, and Buss 1975 Self-consciousness Scale based upon responses of 290 Italian high school students, 140 boys and 150 girls. Separate principal component factor analyses of scores from each group yielded a three-factor structure which was generally consistent with analyses of the original subscales. Internal consistency estimates, α, were .85, .82, and .78. Testretest reliability estimates over a 6-wk. period were .75 and .85 for boys and girls, respectively. Correlations of scores on the Italian subscales for all students with scores on subscales of Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and Test Anxiety Inventory and with Carver's Optimism measure suggest this Italian translation of the self-consciousness scales shows concurrent validity. This is the first step on the development of a reliable self-consciousness scale to be used in Italy in research.
Personality Study of Alcohol, Heroin, and Polydrug Abusers in an Arabian Gulf Population
Authors: Amir Taha
Published: August 2011

Three male groups of heroin, alcohol, and polydrug abusers ( n = 120) from an Arabian Gulf population were given Lanyon's Psychological Screening Inventory; their scores were compared with those of a group of 48 nonabusers. Only the polydrug-abusing group of 43 scored significantly higher than the nonabusers on the Alienation and Discomfort subscales. Perhaps only polydrug abuse can be explained in terms of attempts towards self-medication by distressed and inadequate individuals. A drug-accepting-generational age group in contrast to an alcohol-accepting-generational age group was suggested.
Early Parental Treatment as a Factor in Students' Development
Authors: Floyd Nubra Elaine
Published: August 2011

Astin's 1984 theory of student development and Schutz's FIRO theory provided the basis for an inquiry into the interpersonal dimension of family background for 813 students entering UC Santa Cruz in the Fall of 1984. Analysis of data from Schutz's Perception of Parents and the American Council of Education's Freshman Survey showed early parental treatment to be a distinct factor, indicating the potential usefulness of this as a pretest measure for further research on students' process of adjustment to the college environment.
Birth Complications and Subsequent Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Authors: Roff James D. , Knight Raymond A.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 29 men with an initial psychotic episode and diagnosis of schizophrenia as young adults were followed into middle adulthood. All had prior child guidance clinic contact. The negative symptoms of affect deficit in young adulthood but not the positive symptoms of thought disorder were predicted by a history of birth complications. Subjects with birth complications who developed negative symptoms had a stable deficit over the follow-up period.
Maintained Hypersexuality between Male Rats following Chronically Induced Limbic Seizures: Implications for Bisexuality in Complex Partial Epileptic Seizures
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

Adult male albino rats were given a treatment that produced hypothermia after the induction of limbic seizures by a single subcutaneous injection of lithium and pilocarpine. When housed in groups, these rats exhibited marked hypersexuality (for at least two months), defined as repeated mounting of another male, pelvic thrusting, and persistent genital licking; while the male was mounted, female postures were assumed. There were also periods of physical submission. During active periods three of the four rats were mounted and thrusting in tandem. Possible relevance to the Klüver-Bucy syndrome and to bisexuality and homosexuality in males who report elevated complex partial epileptic-like signs is discussed.
Stability of Schoolchildren's Cognitive Style: A Longitudinal Study of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory
Authors: Taylor Jennifer A.
Published: August 2011

Following two studies of the stability of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory, one by Clapp produced high stability even though subjects received their second administration 3½ yr. after the first. A study of 64 New Zealand students (17- and 18-yr.-olds) showed high stability over 7 mo. The present study showed similar results for 45 British schoolchildren over 3 years during which time maturity must surely have played a part.
Cognitive Structure of Japanese Concessional Behaviors
Authors: Makino Keiko , Takemura Kazuhisa
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present study was to examine the cognitive structure of Japanese concessional behaviors. Subjects were 142 adults living in Japan. We derived 22 categories from 381 episodes of concessional behaviors from responses to open-ended questions. All categories were paired and 204 subjects were asked to judge the similarity of the members. Similarity judgments were analyzed using a multidimensional scaling technique and a cluster analysis. The former technique showed the cognitive structure of Japanese concessional behaviors could be explained by three dimensions of motivation, form of interaction, and resource of the concession. The cluster analysis indicated that Japanese concessional behaviors could be accounted for by seven clusters which concerned the resources.
Prediction of Early Voluntary Turnover and Job Performance: The Contribution of a Preemployment Screening Inventory
Authors: Borofsky Gerald L. , Watson Robert
Published: August 2011

This study examined early voluntary turnover and job performance in a group of 78 private contract security officers. A preemployment inventory was administered but not used as part of the selection process. Subsequent measures of early voluntary turnover and job performance were analyzed with respect to the inventory scores. Analyses indicated a relationship between the number of days an individual remained on the job before quitting and scores on an inventory scale designed to assess the likelihood of early voluntary turnover. For a subset of this group, a suggestive relationship was also observed between supervisors' ratings of job performance and scores on inventory scales designed to measure emotional maturity and work performance free from disruptive use of substances and alcohol.
The Structure of Self-Esteem of Nepalese Children
Authors: Watkins David , Hattie John , Regmi Murari
Published: August 2011

Confirmatory factor analysis of responses to items of a Western self-esteem instrument by 398 15- or 16-yr.-old Nepalese youth supports a single general factor rather than a multidimensional model of the self.
Diet, Cigarette Smoking, Stressful Life Events, and Subjective Feelings of Stress
Authors: Posner Israel , Leitner Lewis A. , Lester David
Published: August 2011

A study of 133 workers in an educational institution showed that poor nutritional habits and cigarette smoking were associated with greater subjective stress.
Persons Who Most Impress Gifted Youth: A Replication
Authors: Karnes Frances A. , McGinnis J. Christopher
Published: August 2011

A replication of a study of the persons who most impressed gifted youth was conducted with 95 students enrolled in a summer residential program for the gifted. Students were asked to indicate the person who most impressed them and to include the reason(s) for choosing that person. The most frequently chosen category of individuals was family members (61.1%), then a tie between persons in the world of arts and culture and persons doing a specific job (8.4%), another tie between comrades and sports stars (6.3%), followed by political or historical figures (4.2%), themselves (3.2%), and moral and religious personalities (2.1%). Consistent with the 1982 study by Karnes and Lee, most impressive to these students were family members and least impressive moral and religious personalities.
Attitudes of Russian Immigrant and Israeli-Born Women toward Child-Care Services
Authors: Isralowitz Richard E. , Saad Ismael Abu
Published: August 2011

Israel, like most other societies, has a variety of subgroups differentiated by ascribed attitudes or characteristics which are imputed to individuals. These differences may be reflected by attitudes which are evaluative statements concerning objects, people, or events. In this study the attitudes of Israeli women—30 veterans and 30 newly arrived from the Soviet republics—toward family day-care services were examined. A number of significant differences between the study cohorts, such as amount of interaction between parents and child-care providers, were found and have implications for provision of service and absorption of immigrants.
Prevalence of Behaviour Problems among 9- to 12-Year-Old Pupils on the Island of St. Helena, South Atlantic: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Charlton Tony , Leo Elizabeth
Published: August 2011

The Rutter Behaviour Questionnaire was used to assess prevalence rates of behaviour problems in 9- to 12-year-old pupils ( N = 402) in St. Helena, South Atlantic. The prevalence rate for this enquiry (6.9%) is among the lowest found in the literature for studies using this questionnaire with similarly aged samples.
Empathy Related to Living in Towns versus the Countryside
Authors: Kalliopuska Mirja
Published: August 2011

For 78 adults taking an introductory psychology course in an open university, analysis of scores on Mehrabian and Epstein's scale supported the hypothesis that persons living in the countryside are more empathetic and more emotional than persons living in towns.
Adaptation of a General Optimism Scale for Use with Older Women
Authors: Sharpe Patricia A. , Hickey Tom , Wolf Fredric M.
Published: August 2011

The Life Orientation Test has been widely used with various populations since its development, but its psychometric properties among older adults have not been assessed. This study employed exploratory factor analysis to examine the factor structure of a modified version of the test for 90 frail older women. The results do not support a unidimensional conceptualization of optimism. Internal consistency reliability was lower for the entire scale than for separate factors representing positively versus negatively framed questions. Some support for construct validity was shown by small to moderate correlations with several related constructs. The results were likely to have been affected both by the modification of the test to simplify data collection with an elderly population and by a differing manifestation of the construct among functionally impaired older adults as compared to previous research with younger, healthier samples.
Correlations among Scores on the Matrix Analogies Test—Short Form and the WISC—R with Gifted Youth
Authors: Karnes Frances A. , McGinnis J. Christopher
Published: August 2011

A study of the correlations between scores on the Matrix Analogies Test—Short Form and the WISC—R was conducted with 39 students enrolled in a Saturday program for the intellectually gifted. The Matrix Analogies Test was group-administered and WISC—R scores were obtained from records required for entry into the program. A significant Pearson r of .52 was found between the Matrix Analogies scores and the Performance IQs of the WISC—R; other correlations were not significant.
Depression, Mania, and Suicidal Preoccupation
Authors: Kaplan Stephanie , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Prior suicidal ideation and attempts were associated with depression scores in a nonclinical sample of 92 college students but not with mania scores.
Influence of Gender and Hierarchical Position on Interpersonal Relations at Work
Authors: Shukla Archana , Tripathi Anurag
Published: August 2011

The present study examined differences related to gender and hierarchical position in interpersonal relations in a public-sector organisation called Bharat Petroleum Corporation, Ltd. Data were collected from 100 respondents and subjected to analysis of variance. Gender differences were observed in received openness and significance and hierarchical differences in received control and expressed inclusion, openness, significance, and competence.
Teaching Interpersonal Skills to Occupational and Environmental Health Professionals
Authors: Rabinowitz Stanley , Feiner Mabel , Ribak Joseph
Published: August 2011

An innovative course for teaching communication and interpersonal relationships was delivered to 29 environmental and occupational health professionals. This course aimed to highlight interpersonal and emotional aspects in the professional-client interaction and incumbent communication aspects when consulting team members, colleagues, and nonprofessionals in the occupational arena. Various experiential and other teaching techniques were used. Assessment showed that participants reported the positive features of such a course although few changes in either psychosocial abilities or awareness were evident. Possible ramifications of the findings are discussed.
A Case Study: Massage, Relaxation, and Reward for Treatment of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Putt Sharon C. , Weinstein Lawrence , Dzindolet Mary T.
Published: August 2011

Alopecia areata, a common cause of hair loss, is generally considered the consequence of an autoimmune process. Both physiological and psychological factors have been implicated. Previous studies have not incorporated behavior modification in their treatment designs. In this study, three treatment techniques (hair massage, relaxation procedures, and monetary reward) were applied to a 16-year-old male with a five-year history of alopecia areata. Comparison for seven months without treatment versus seven months with treatment showed that loss of hair was markedly reduced after three months of treatment. During the last four months of the study, new hair growth was evidenced.
WAIS—R Validation of the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness
Authors: Rossini Edward D. , Wygonik Edward J. , Barrett Deborah E. , Friedman Beth
Published: August 2011

This preliminary study evaluated the concurrent validity of the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness as a brief intelligence test using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised as the criterion of adult intellectual achievement. Analyses indicated that the Total score on Thurstone's test was significantly correlated with the standard summary scores as well as with the WAIS—R factor scores. On the Thurstone Test of Mental Alertness scores could accurately predict WAIS—R intelligence for this nonclinical sample of 32 undergraduates. The concurrent validity of the test as a brief intelligence test was inferred and the results were consistent with the range of correlations expected among all measures of global intellectual achievement. Reading comprehension was suggested as a principal factor attenuating the correlation between the two tests.
Correlation between Depression and Vision in Aged Patients before and after Cataract Operations
Authors: Fagerström Ritva
Published: August 2011

To investigate the association between depression and vision, 100 cataract operation patients (25 were men and 75 women) aged 71 to 76 years were studied. One day before the operation and 3 mo. after, the patients' depression was tested with the short form of the Beck Depression Inventory and their personalities with Mini-Mult MMPI. The cataract operation restored visual acuity sufficient for reading (minimum E-test value 0.40) to 79% of the subjects. The analysis indicated that their depression was significantly correlated with vision only after the cataract operation. Depression increased with weakened visual acuity and diminished with improved visual acuity. Part of the postoperation depression was, however, associated with glaucoma and serious somatic diseases (asthma, cerebrovascular disorders, and heart diseases).
Assertiveness and Personality Dimensions in Chinese Students
Authors: Hamid P. Nicholas
Published: August 2011

In a Chinese sample of 208 the Big Five personality traits profile was compared for 104 assertive and 104 nonassertive students. While assertiveness was associated with higher scores on Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness, Nonassertiveness was associated with greater scores on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Implications of the findings for cross-cultural counselling were highlighted.
Testing the Efficacy of Name Mnemonics Used during Conversation
Authors: Patton Gary W. R.
Published: August 2011

Previous studies successfully used the face-name mnemonic to improve recall of fictitious surnames of individuals appearing in photographs. Exps. 1 and 2 tested whether this mnemonic could also aid recall of the actual surnames of real people met during conversations. Exp. 1, like previous studies, showed that the face-name mnemonic facilitated recall of surnames of photographed individuals; however, this mnemonic reduced name recall following conversations. Exp. 2 refined the procedure used in Exp. 1 by including a control group in the design and strengthening the training procedures for the face-name mnemonic group. The results of Exp. 2 paralleled those of Exp. 1, again showing no advantage to using the face-name mnemonic during conversation. Exp. 3 explored alternatives to the face-name mnemonic, and featured use of self-help mnemonics (those initiated by the learner without help from others) and stranger-provided mnemonics (those provided by the person whose name was being memorized). A combination of self-help and stranger-provided mnemonics produced significantly greater recall of surnames following conversation than that achieved by self-help strategies alone, a control group, or the face-name mnemonic.
Education Students' Overestimation of the Prevalence of Learning Disabilities
Authors: Flynn Mark , Kelly I. W. , Janzen B. L.
Published: August 2011

A number of studies have suggested that educators overestimate the prevalence of learning disabilities in the schools. In this study, we found that 339 first- and second-year education students estimated the prevalence of learning disabilities to be four times higher than the upper limits of prevalence established by experts. Given that mislabelling students as ‘learning disabled’ may have negative consequences for them, the meaning, etiology, and prevalence of students' learning problems should be addressed by training institutions.
Thought Suppression and Obsession-Compulsion
Authors: Smári Jakob , Sigurjónsdóttir Helga , Sæmundsdóttir Ingibjörg
Published: August 2011

It was argued that obsession-compulsion might affect the consequences of thought suppression. A group of 35 female students who were first submitted to thought suppression and then to an expression instruction were compared with a group of 38 female students submitted twice to an expression instruction. The emotional character of a target story read by subjects was systematically varied between subjects, and obsession-compulsion was included as a third between-subjects factor. No evidence of rebound or of initial enhancement was found when reported story-related thoughts were compared across instructional conditions. There was an interaction between obsession-compulsion and initial instruction on attempts to avoid target thoughts during the first period. Contrary to expectations obsession-compulsion was related to fewer attempts at suppression in the suppression and more in the expression conditions. Similarly, there was a trend for obsession-compulsion to be related to more frequent target thoughts in the expression and less in the suppression conditions. These findings are discussed in relation to the role of perceived responsibility in obsession-compulsion for thought as a determinant of thought processes of obsessive-compulsive people.
Internalized Homophobia and Psychosexual Adjustment among Gay Men
Authors: Dupras André
Published: August 2011

The present study examined links between internalized homophobia and psychosexual tendencies among 261 homosexual men. Analysis indicated that men who accept their homosexuality less rate themselves higher on sexual anxiety, sexual depression, fear of sexuality, and concern about sexual image and lower on internal sexual control, sexual esteem, and sexual satisfaction. Although no significant differences were found between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative subjects, the associations between internalized homophobia and certain psychosexual tendencies seemed more pronounced in the seropositive respondents. We believe it would be beneficial for homosexual men who are very homophobic to seek psychoeducative or therapeutic consultation to develop more positive attitudes toward their homosexuality and thereby better the quality of their lives.
Using Incentives to Promote Workers' Participation in Worksite Research
Authors: Lusk Sally Lechlitner , Baer Leslie Martel
Published: August 2011

We designed this study to examine the effects of two types of incentives on the participation rate of workers from two plants in worksite research. There were 186 workers in the study, some of whom received chances for savings bonds. Given reductions in funding and concerns of management, no comparison could be made between the incentives; however, the study provided valuable information regarding planning for incentives in worksite research.
Stress Reduction in Child-Abusing Families: Global and Specific Measures
Authors: Barton Keith , Baglio Christopher Scott , Braverman Marc T.
Published: August 2011

This study compared in-home treatment to traditional county services for their ability to reduce stress in child-abusing families. 47 families who were at risk for having at least one child removed from the home for child abuse were referred to Families First for an intensive 6-wk., in-home therapy program. A comparison group of 29 families who were also at risk for having at least one child removed for abuse received traditional county services but no in-home therapy. Stress scores used were derived from a factor analysis of the Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes (FILE) that had identified 10 stress factors. The stress data were analyzed by a series of 2 × 2 analyses of variance, group and time being the independent variables and the stress factors the dependent variables. Total stress was significantly reduced over time for both groups, and several specific stress factors were also significantly reduced over time. In secondary analyses, 2 × 3 (group by time) analyses identified interactions for total stress and three of the individual stress factors. In-home treatment was effective in reducing stress, but traditional services were also effective. Some possible explanations were discussed. A major finding was that, by including analyses using the specific stress factors (rather than just the Total Stress score), a much richer understanding of the role stress plays in abusive families is provided. It was concluded that, although global stress may be reduced by different methods, some specific types of stress are more likely to be reduced than others.
Validation of the Impact of Event Scale on a Sample of American Vietnam Veterans
Authors: Hendrix Charles C. , Jurich Anthony P. , Schumm Walter R.
Published: August 2011

The goal of the present report is to validate the Impact of Event Scale for use as a measure of the enduring nature of reactions to combat stress by 60 American Vietnam veterans. Validity was supported through significant correlations with measures of abusive violence and combat exposure. From factor analysis a single factor (general level of distress) supported the validity of the scale and thereby further use with Vietnam veterans.
Benefits of Women on Corporate Boards of Directors as Reported by Male CEOs
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

Women currently represent only five percent of members of corporate boards of directors. This study examined views of 66 male CEOs, each with women on their boards of directors, regarding benefits of having women as members of boards. Areas of potential benefit from having women as board directors and their influence were positively correlated.
Self-Reports of Sexual Abuse, Mental Health Status, and Perceived Confusion of Family Roles: A Retrospective Study of College Students
Authors: Koopmans Matthijs
Published: August 2011

This study examined the possibility that mental health problems which may result from sexual abuse are exacerbated by a confusion of family roles in the victim's perception of the family of origin. A sample of 234 undergraduate students completed a questionnaire. Analyses confirmed associations between (1) perceived sexual abuse and indicators of mental health problems, (2) confusion of family roles and perceived sexual abuse, and (3) mental health problems and confusion of family roles. A good prediction of the occurrence of mental health problems could only be obtained if both perceived sexual abuse and the confusion of family roles were considered.