bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges of Green Highway Concept towards Implementation of Green Highway
Authors: Najwa Mohd Nusa Fatin , Endut Intan Rohani , Ishak Siti Zaharah
Published: March 2015

Green highway is different from conventional highway due to the differences of its concept, fundamental, characteristics and technologies. Stakeholders in highway construction have to overcome various challenges towards the successful implementation of green highway project. Aim of this paper is to investigate the challenges of green highway concept for highway project. This study is based on a set of unstructured interview conducted among three main stakeholders namely highway concessions, government and private agencies. The finding of this study suggested that among main challenges categories for the implementation of green highway concept are legal and regulatory; technical and physical; financial and cultural barriers which are based on the stakeholder’s perspective.
Land Use Diversion in the Tourism Area at Sub Watershed Konto Hulu
Authors: Kusumadewi Tarranita
Published: March 2015

Sub watersheed Konto hulu is one of sub watersheed Middle Brantas that has been supplied water for life. There is a tourism activity because the natural potential such as Pemandian Dewi Sri, Mantung Agrobussiness Central, rafting sport and reservoir Selorejo. The increase of tourism activity at sub watersheed Konto hulu make land use diversion. Land diversion made land erotion, sedimentation and rubbish. In order to reduce the impact, community make their own local wisdom. This research has been carried out the impact from tourism activity in the land use diversion at sub watersheed Konto Hulu.
An Analysis of Grey Water Treatment System in the National University of Malaysia Mosque
Authors: Utaberta Nangkula , Handryant Aisyah Nur , Othuman Mydin Md Azree
Published: March 2015

This paper is trying to analysis and proposes some design of grey water system in The National University of Malaysia (UKM) mosque in order to save environment. With proper grey water treatment, UKM Mosque will contribute to save water and UKM’s environment. This successful water treatment is also can be an alternative model to apply in another building. This environmental issue, especially water was realized by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) by starting to be a first pioneer in Green & Sustainability Campus in Malaysia. Although UKM is located in water-rich country, still UKM try to commit to save environment as well as manage its environment aspect. The usage of water in UKM itself is categorized in high level. UKM have around 20.000 students and most of them are dwelling in campus. For big campus like this, UKM had one main Mosque which accommodates some daily worship of Moslem as the majority one. For activities like ablution, washing and bathing, UKM Mosque had produce quite big amount of grey water. Grey water itself is residual water that still fresh and can be recycled for some purposes such as landscape irrigation and cleaning service. One alternative method to treats the grey water is by the usage of filter wells.
The Application of Rain Water Harvesting Method on a Low Income Flat in Cengkareng, Jakarta
Authors: Mariana Yosica , Ngadinata Junius , Katili Renhata , Hendarti Religiana
Published: March 2015

This paper presents a study of the application of the theory of rainwater harvesting for a low income flat in West Jakarta. The background of this study is that Jakarta as a capital city of Indonesia is actually experiencing water crisis because of the rapid population growth and the building construction. This rapid development in consequence affects a reduction on the ground water supply. Therefore, this study analyse the amount of rain water that can be an alternative water supply particularly for a low income flat. This study focused on the water supply for the flushing toilet. To accommodate that objective, a brief calculation of water catchment area and the amount of water that can be harvested has been conducted. The results showed that in general the water supplied by the rain water harvesting can provided 100% annually, but since the precipitation in August is relatively low, in consequence, the water suply should be provided by the local government water company (PDAM).
Maintenance Performance Quadrant for Rainwater Harvesting System
Authors: Yahaya Hafsah , Ismail Ishan , Che Ani Adi Irfan , Johar Suhana , Surat Mastor
Published: March 2015

Maintenance performance is a key aspect in sustaining the RWH system. This is to ensure the maximum value of installing the RWH system as well as ensuring the system performs throughout the building's lifetime. Two instruments were used during this research namely physical condition survey and questionnaire survey. The results from both instruments demonstrated cross-combination finding via maintenance performance quadrant at the end of analysis. Based on the study at 16 government buildings throughout Malaysia, the results show the majority of buildings need improvement in terms of their maintenance management, while two buildings have bad practice, which needs total refurbishment for the RWH system as well as their maintenance management. In conclusion, the physical condition of the RWH system for government building in Malaysia is regarded good and safe implemented. However, the maintenance performance can be improved with a proper maintenance guideline and management policy by the organization involved.
Condition Survey Protocol: A System for Building Condition Assessment
Authors: Che-Ani Adi Irfan , Ismail Ishan , Johar Suhana , Abd-Razak Mohd Zulhanif , Hamzah Noraini
Published: March 2015

Building inspection is an important tool in determining building condition by detecting defects and their symptoms. A quick and practical approach is needed to perform periodic building inspection, as a screening process before conducting a more detailed inspection for severe defects. Based on previous research, it is important to establish a screening tool based on building rating. Hence, we developed Condition Survey Protocol (CSP) matrix as a standard for visual building inspection which based on two assessment; Condition Assessment and Priority Assessment. Later, an online system developed for analysis and reporting purposes. The system proved to be able to facilitate and accelerate the process of data analysis as well as to avoid any errors. Besides, the features of the systems are easy to access, flexible, user-friendly and systematic. However, some amendment should be made to improve the existing system in terms of matrix scale. The amendment should be helpful to identify the actual building condition in more details.
Building Defects or Building Failures: Misconception and Understanding
Authors: Abdullah Shardy , Iskandar Ellemy , Abdul Razak Arman
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief of overview of building failures and building defects definitions with various terms from the previous researches and also to redefine the understanding of these definitions within the context of building maintenance management domain. Therefore, this article presents the insight of previous definition of building failures and building defects and provides their respective understanding in various aspects. It then provides the detail discussion on the building failures and defects definitions, understanding causes and effects in term of building maintenance management perspective. All the related onformatin has been gathered through secondary resources such as journal article, text book, report and others. The information and knowledge on the subject of building failures and building defects help in producing the building design with reliable, maintainability, and supporting for future building maintenance and building improvement. Finally, this paper has successed in describing a clear explanation regarding to the meaning of building failures and building defects.
A Critical Analysis of 20th Century Modern Terrace Housing in Malaysia
Authors: Utaberta Nangkula , Elina Nik Farah , Mohd Rasdi Mohd Tajuddin , Othuman Mydin Md Azree
Published: March 2015

The development of architecture in early housing in Malaysia existed in the form of shop house and terrace house which were being introduced and popularized by Chinese migrants who settled in Malaysia before the Colonization by British Empire.This paper will discuss briefly the development of modern terrace house in Malaysia. Terrace house is define as a typology of one storey middle class terrace house in this country based on the existing literature review and our research. Those typologies will be used later for the process of typological assessment of terrace house from the cultural perspective at the end of the research. Thus, this paper is important as a step to understand the early development of terrace houses and to see how far the evolution of terrace houses happened until today.
The Conceptual Framework of Building Performance-Risk Indicators (PRI) for Buildings Users in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Khalil Natasha , Kamaruzzaman Syahrul Nizam , Nawawi Abdul Hadi , Husin Husrul Nizam , Hashim Ahmad Ezane
Published: March 2015

Higher education institutions (HEI) buildings are considered as key functional, as it generates environment, human and economic resources. Initially, growing students’ population with various learning activities has constituted risk emergence, green issues, inefficient of energy use and climate discomfort. To sustain the building efficiency, building performance evaluation plays a vital role to improve performance issues in HEI buildings. This paper presents the construct items of performance criteria, namely Building Performance-Risk Indicators (PRI) as the initial framework for the development of building performance rating tool. The framework considers three criteria as the main focus, i.e. performance element, risk frames and the indicators.
Sustainable Urban Drainage System to Land Use/ Land Cover Change in Samarinda, Indonesia
Authors: Butar Butar Erni S. , Sabar Arwin , Handajani Marisa
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this research is to anticipate problems with flooding in micro drainage system to study the response of land cover in Samarinda-Indonesia due to changes in land use may lead to changes in flood discharge plan. Hydraulics analysis has been performed to study the condition in evaluative objective drainage system Drainage Samarinda City Blocks 2 (116015'36'' - 117024'16 'E and 00021'18'' - 01009'16'' LS) located in a densely populated area where some have experienced a decrease in capacity and increased discharge resulting in a puddle on a rainy day. The results based on changes in rainfall regime (I) in block 2 showed most primary channel in Block 2 is sufficient to accommodate the runoff discharge unless the primary channel sub-system 2.4.1 Jl. Hasan Basri Left P62-P72. While based on changes in rainfall regime and changes in land use increased by 28% in 2012 compared to conditions in 2000 obtained the results of three of the eleven sub-system that is the primary channel 2.2.3 Hull Road Mangkurat left, sub-system 2.2.4 Roads and channel Gastric right Mangkurat sub-system 2.4.1 Roads declared Hasan Basri left insufficient to accommodate the runoff discharge
Opportunity for New Entrepreneurial Ventures from Sustainable Public Open Space Adaptive Used Implementation (Case Study: Taman Fatahillah, Jakarta Old City)
Authors: Hary Susilo Wilhelmus
Published: March 2015

Jakarta Old City has strong historical value as a genesis of the city today. Taman Fatahillah is one of historical open spaces in Old City which important part of urban area that influence the urban vitality as the public activities are usually performed on those space. The Revitalization of Taman Fatahillah has been implemented, however, a specific guidance to create sustainable adaptive use public open space had not been described. The aims of this research were to study of new entrepreneurial ventures are recognized of economic development from the sustainable adaptive use implementation for Taman Fatahillah public open space with the multiple linear regression methode. The variables of this research were economic-social, community participation, and government support, public open space quality, sustainable public open space. This research shows the finding of model study that partially, public open space quality was influenced by social-economic (Pvalue=0.00) and sustainable public open space was influenced by social-economic (Pvalue=0.019) and government support(Pvalue=0.00). Simultantly, quality and sustanability public open space were influenced by community participation, economic-social level and government support (Pvalue=0.00). This research has contribution to mobilize the appropriate people to create ventures’ people at large and than make sustainable public open space by social-economic aspect.
Understanding the Potential of Modern Community Center as Social Architectural Spaces in Malaysia
Authors: Utaberta Nangkula , Spalie Nurhananie
Published: March 2015

Malaysia is one of the classic examples of a multi-ethnic society. The country is proud of its multiracial culture which makes it a model for other countries. The ubiquitous community hall in the Malaysian landscape, as it stands now, has long passed its time of usefulness. These halls are labelled with names like dewan serbaguna, dewan orang ramai or even balai raya. But as it stands today, the community hall in our midst is nothing more than a large empty space used for games like badminton or ping pong and the occa-sional event. The changing modern Malaysian society demands more of this simple out-dated facility; there must be a place for the various ethnic groups to meet and fulfil modern needs such as family days, health checks, child’s play, music lessons and many more important uses This paper strives to identify and analyse some of the architectural problems in current community centres in Malaysia with the focus on the spatial aspects and space usage. It is expected that this paper can give a clear picture of the problems faced by Malaysian community centres with some considerations and a framework to develop a new scheme for community centre development in the future.
Evaluating the Customs and Rituals of the Malay Culture and its Contribution on Space Design in Modern Terrace House
Authors: Utaberta Nangkula , Elina Nik Farah , Mohd Rasdi Mohd Tajuddin
Published: March 2015

In the year 1972, UNESCO has defined the term ‘Malay’ as a tribe in Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Filipina, and Madagascar. On the other hand, there was a report about two types of definition in terms of law and anthropology regarding the ‘Malay’. According to constitution in case 160(2), Malays have been defined as a person who is Islam, speaks the Malay language, practices the Malay culture and tradition, born before independence day whether in official Malay Federation grounds or in Singapore or, on the day of independence and he or she is a resident in the federation or in Singapore . A Malaysian Anthropologist, Syed Husin Ali stated that the Malay people are brown skinned, average built but robust as well as polite and rather poetic in terms of appearance . In terms of Ethnology, Malay means a group of community that practices the heritage and generation system that was once applied in Mongoloid race . the aim of this paper is to find out the meaning of ‘culture’, its importance, what is our culture and how culture can be used in this research and how culture can be considered in the design of terrace house in the future.
The Application of Principles of Green Building in Traditional Housing in Iraq
Authors: Qays Oleiwi Maryam , Ali Ayat , Utaberta Nangkula , Surat Mastor
Published: March 2015

Green building has become an important issue among architects and urban planners due to the increment in global warming risks and climatic changes which influenced negatively on natural resources. It is also one of measures been put forward to alleviate the significant impacts of the influence of buildings on the environment, society and economy. There have been extensive studies on green buildings, as evidenced in the rapid growing number of papers been published in last decades. These studies have been conducted in both developed countries and developing countries, indicating this is a global issue. However, there is lack of extensive researches on the green buildings in Iraq that is crucial for the future exerts. This paper reports the definition of green building, the environmental, social and economical aspects of green building, and application of green building's principles in traditional housing in Iraq.
Significance of the Application of Universal Design in Mosque Buildings in Malaysia
Authors: Dabbagh Niya Mahsa , Utaberta Nangkula , Maulan Suhardi
Published: March 2015

As a key national target, Malaysia has been trying to become a sustainable and developed country by 2020. In this way, social sustainability, one of the three pillars of sustainable development involves participation of all people and communities as well as their enjoyment of equal human rights. Based on World Health Organization (WHO), one billion disabled people with impairments live in the world. However, the social model of disability proposes that much more people are disabled due to environmental barriers. In this regard, the universal design concept has been implemented as a notion through which built environment is required to service all people with different range of abilities. Mosque buildings are the main religious spot for Muslim people and their most important community center that play a significant role in their daily lives. Accordingly, application of universal design in this built environment is crucial to cater wider range of users. Reviewing the relevant literatures, this article proposes the significance of the application of universal design as an exigency in mosque design process.
Unique Elements of the Traditional and Vernacular Masjids in Malaysia; Traditional Elements Acquainting Practical Sustainability
Authors: binti Othman Rosniza , Mahamod Lukman Hakim , Aripin Srazali
Published: March 2015

Since indigenous construction, sustainability had appeared into practice though it was not performed in high technology manner. The paper focuses on the traditional masjids in Malaysia where traditional technology of passive design has long been inculcated. Passive design strategies which are practical are ablution from rain water harvesting, comfortable interior without mechanical ventilation and flexible layout with future expansion, employment of materials suitable to the climate and simple device of roofing system that gives major contribution to the indoor space quality. The paper reveals that practical sustainability features used by the former generations suggest great contributions to the future of architecture and construction without inflating the cost. Three masjids are chosen to be case studies and they are examined and observed in order to conform on the performance of practical sustainability
Value-Based Architectural Conservation Practice as an Alternative Solution to Sustainability Problems
Authors: Praptidita Suratman Pia , Denny
Published: March 2015

Sustainability has become a fundamental requirement in every aspect of architecture nowadays and heavily considered to be one of the criteria to determine whether a building is “good” or not. In essence, sustainable architecture aims to minimize the negative impact of buildings on the environment by emphasizing on efficiency and moderation in energy use. Sustainability is often associated with high end technology and inventions, from simple technology until various complex mechanisms and systems, but there are still many alternative ways to achieve sustainability in many senses. This paper takes on an approach on building conservation as an alternative mean to achieve sustainability. Why build another new energy-consuming building if we can benefit from an already existing building? This research emphasizes on the method of practicing building conservation through an integrated framework between a value-based approach and a thorough analysis of the theory of architecture and its elements. Done in the right way, architectural conservation can also take part in lowering the potential use of energy and create a good and integrated sustainable building. The Gedung Aula Barat in the Institut Teknologi Bandung campus block, Bandung, is used as a case study in this research to better explain the whole approach.
The Conservation of Balinese Traditional Architecture: The Integration of Village Pattern and Housing Pattern in Indigenous Villages
Authors: Yudantini Ni Made , Jones David
Published: March 2015

Bali Island is known not only for its culture and flourish of nature, but it is also for its traditional architecture which is embedded by the traditional philosophies includingTriHitaKarana,TriAngga,TriLokaetc. The Indigenous villages, as rural settlements, disclose their Indigenous traditions and values of Balinese culture and architecture which have been inherited from generation to generation. Many scholars have documented the Indigenous villages of Bali in relation to the nature, socio-culture, norms, as well as its architecture. In this paper, through an extensive literature review, and the use of observation, interview and documentation of extant Indigenous villages in Bali, the author explores how the village pattern is relational to the housing pattern in the Indigenous villages in Bali within the landscape that is Bali Island.
Historic Urban Areas in Heritage Tourism: Kuala Lumpur Historic City Centre, a Potential Asset
Authors: Deghati Najd Meysam , Ismail Nor Atiah , Mohd Yunos Mod Yazid , Maulan Suhardi
Published: March 2015

In the process of the economy’s transit into the post-industrial societies to reach sustainability, the tourism industry has been growing through the past half century and has become one of the fastest-growing and largest sectors in the economy. Stability of this source of income demands crucial attempts in diversifying attractiveness of destinations for the purpose of both attracting more visitors as well as increasing their length of stay. In this regard, historic urban heritage has a significant potential and is an important asset, capable of boosting heritage tourism. Rapid development in Malaysia, has resulted in the formation of a global, identical and new image for its cities, particularly, Kuala Lumpur. Urbanization also leads to the deterioration of the Kuala Lumpur historic urban areas so that, the identity and historic image of city is being dominated by modernity. Therefore, this capacity of attraction is being marginalized in competition with other sources of attraction. This paper reports the finding of a study in which reviewing the current literature in addition to analysing the tourism trend and statistics in Malaysia resulted in the conceptualization of a proposed idea. This idea suggests proper consideration for enhancing the capability of Kuala Lumpur historic urban heritage besides its other attractiveness in advocating the tourism industry.
Post Occupancy Evaluation of Putra Perdana Park
Authors: Talib Noraini , Mohamed Noorizan , Hussein Mohd Kher , Abd Shukor Shureen Faris
Published: March 2015

In rapidly developed countries such as malaysia, the importance of urban parks is recognized by development of new parks expecially in Putrajaya. This paper analyses the status of Putra Perdana Parks in Putrajaya in terms of vistors satisfaction towards park setting including people’s needs, accessibility, park safety, parks design and park facilities and mainteanace using Post Occupancy Evalution (POE) method. Data was compiled by meansof a literature review, observation and survey among visitors. Result shows Putra Perdana Parks is the effectiveness of a park’s design with visitors were satisfaction with score 4 out of 5 using 5 rating likert scale performance. Challenges releted to this publication should guide the landscape architects as well as the contractors to see the importance of conducting POE in the future and to upgrade the existing parks in Malaysia.
Third Body Concept and Wear Particle Behavior in Dry Friction Sliding Conditions
Authors: Denape Jean
Published: March 2015

The third body concept is a pragmatic tool for analyzing and understanding the friction and wear of sliding materials. This approach is based on the dominating role played by the wear particles under dry sliding conditions. These particles constitute the major part of what is called the third body. The third body concept was introduced by Maurice Godet in the middle of the 70’s and developed by Yves Berthier since the end of the 80’s who added complementary conceptual tools as the tribological triplet, the accommodation mechanisms and the tribological circuit. The aim of this paper is to give a synthetic view of these concepts, which involves mechanical, material and physicochemical subjects. Concrete examples and case studies from various practical applications are given to illustrate the validity and the efficiency of such a phenomenological approach.
Experimental Modeling of Wear Behavior of Filled Elastomer SBR under Dry Friction-Influence of Roughness
Authors: Djeridi Rachid , Ould Ouali Mohand
Published: March 2015

The wear behaviour of a filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is investigated in this paper. The material contact used is plan /plan with a hard steel XC38. The influence of tribological parameters such as type contact (contact plan/plan under dry friction), relative motion between the contact surfaces (rotational disc/fixed elastomer sample), topography of the surface contact (roughness), loading (normal load or contact pressure), sliding friction and operating time or number of cycles is investigated. The highlighting of these parameters influence and analysis results permits us to formulate a wear model for the filled elastomer SBR. The model is based on the Archard law developed for metallic materials. The modification concerns the introduction of material parameters to take accounts the hyperelastic behaviour of elastomer due to the presence of amorphous phase. Particular interest is given to the influence of the surface state of the indenter given by the counterface arithmetic roughnessRaon the weight loss of the elastomer due to the wear phenomena. For a lower value (little to 6.3μm) of the arithmetic roughness, the weight loss is insignificant for different contact pressure and various sliding speeds. This effect is more noticeable at higher values of roughness and dependent on other tribological parameters. This results comfort other conclusion on the literature that express the influence of roughness by the geometric parameters of the micro-waves in the surface. The effects of the roughness can be explained by the ratio between the amplitude and wavelength of the corrugation. Indeed, we relate the roughness influence at the strain energy restored by material hyperelastic which also is, necessarily, a function of the velocity sliding and pressure contact.
Characterization of the Wear in the Turbojet Fins
Authors: Labed Zohra , Guechi Djamel , Brahim Necib
Published: March 2015

The wear is very difficult to characterize because of its complexity and its measurement phenomenon. Our work is to prepare samples Fan blades, worn, to determine the nature of the wear and damage them. For these reasons, the characterization of these samples was conducted in different microscopic and macroscopic scales. We used non-destructive techniques such as eddy current and penetrant methods. The results obtained allowed us to see the deterioration of fins from one floor to another. These results are directly related to the effects of mechanical, thermal and pressure. It has been, in addition to detecting a different type of damage these fan blades that is the fatigue damage.
Relaxation Characteristics of the Electrodeposition Process of Composite Ni-P+TiO2+PTFE and Ni-P+Ni(OH)2+PTFE Coatings
Authors: Łosiewicz B.
Published: March 2015

In this work an attempt of production of the composite coatings based on the amorphous nickel matrix with embedded different carrier (TiO2, Ni (OH)2) and PTFE particles as the composite component, was undertaken. The relaxation characteristics of the electrodeposition process of the composite Ni-P+TiO2+PTFE and Ni-P+Ni (OH)2+PTFE coatings was carried out. It was found that the obtainedJ= f (t) relaxation curves correlate with electrodeposition conditions of the coatings determined on the basis of theE= f (J) polarization curves. Usability of the relaxation methods for determination of the electrodeposition parameters of the composite coatings was also discussed.
Electrodeposition Process of Composite Ni-P+Ni(OH)2+PTFE Coatings
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Popczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2015

Co-deposition process of amorphous nickel and PTFE particles in the presence of Ni (OH)2carrier suspended in the bath by magnetic stirring, was investigated. Composite Ni-P+Ni (OH)2+PTFE coatings and comparative Ni-P deposits, were electrodeposited on low carbon steel substrate under galvanostatic conditions at room temperature. The physical and chemical characterization of the coatings was carried out using X-Ray diffraction analysis and microanalysis, stereometric quantitative microscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The optimum production conditions of the composite coatings based on the Ni-P matrix into which PTFE and Ni (OH)2components can be embedded uniformly, were found.
DC Current Electrodeposition of High Mo Content Ni-Mo Alloy Coatings from Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Łosiewicz Bożena , Dercz Grzegorz , Popczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2015

The binary Ni-Mo alloy coatings of high Mo content were obtained on a steel substrate by dc current electrodeposition from alkaline solutions of pH 7.5-9.0. The pyrophosphate baths contained nickel chloride as a source of nickel ions, and dihydrate sodium molybdate supplied molybdenum. The constant current electrodpeposition at the deposition current denisty ofjd= 30-240 mA cm-2was performed at 60°C. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained electrocoatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) methods. All obtained Ni-Mo alloys reveal the amorphous structure, and their chemical composition strongly depends on the operating parameters of electrodeposition. The maximal content of Mo was found to be 45 at.%. The complicated mechanism of the induced co-deposition of the Ni-Mo alloy, has been discussed.
Electrodeposition of the Ni+MoS2 Composite Electrocatalysts
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Dercz Grzegorz , Popczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2015

The object of this work was to obtain the Ni+MoS2composite electrocoatings byin situco-deposition of molybdenum (IV) sulfide particles (< 2 μm) and nickel from a suspension plating bath. Physical and chemical characterization of the coatings was carried out using SEM, EDS, and XRD methods. The chemical composition of these coatings of a diphase structure (Ni, MoS2) was found to be dependent on the current density and temperature of electrodeposition. The optimal electrochemical conditions for embedding of the maximum amount of 26.4 wt.% of MoS2into the crystalline nickel matrix, were experimentally determined. The co-deposition process of MoS2particles and metallic nickel was discussed based on the adsorption mechanism. Such porous Ni+MoS2composite coatings can be proposed as electrode material for hydrogen electroevolution.
Electrodeposition of the Ni-Mo+MoO2 Composite Electrocoatings
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Dercz Grzegorz , Popczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2015

The Ni-Mo+MoO2composite coatings were obtained onto the steel substrate using anin situco-deposition of a Ni-Mo alloy and MoO2powder particles maintained in suspension in the potassium pyrophosphate bath. To characterize the physical and chemical properties of the obtained coatings, SEM, EDS, and XRD methods, were applied. It was found that the co-deposited MoO2particles strongly influenced the properties of the Ni-Mo alloy coating. In comparison with the comparable Ni-Mo deposit containing 45 at.% of Mo, the presence of MoO2embedded into the composite coating diminished the content of Mo alloyed with Ni to 23 at.%. The electrodeposited Ni-Mo+MoO2composite coating obtained under proposed electrochemical conditions contained 25 at.% of MoO2. The effect of the embedded MoO2as composite component on changes of the surface morphology and structure of the Ni-Mo binary alloy, was also discussed.
Effect of Phosphorus on the Structure of Nickel Electrocoatings
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Dercz Grzegorz , Popczyk Magdalena , Szklarska Magdalena , Smołka Agnieszka
Published: March 2015

The present work deals with the influence of sodium hypophosphite content in the plating bath on the chemical composition and structure of the obtained nickel electrocoatings. Electrodeposition of the Ni-P coatings was conducted under galvanostatic conditions at room temperature from the Watts type bath containing different amounts of sodium hypophosphite (0-30 g dm-3). The chemical and physical characteristics of the obtained Ni-P deposits and comparable Ni coating, were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. It was found that the addition of sodium hypophosphite as amorphizator to the Ni-plating bath influences both the structure and chemical composition of the obtained Ni electrodeposits. With increase in the content of sodium hypophosphite in the bath, surface morphology of the amorphous Ni-P coatings becomes more developed what is of key-importance for electroevolution of hydrogen on such electrodes.
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Structure of Ni-P Electrocoatings
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Popczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2015

Activity of electrode material is strongly dependent on the structure, therefore, amorphous Ni-P electrocoatings deposited from a Watts type bath on the carbon steel substrate, were subjected to thermal activation through their isothermal heating under argon protective atmosphere at the temperature of 400, 500 and 800°C. After such a heat treatment, the investigations of the structure change of the Ni-P electrocoatings were carried out using X-ray qualitative phase analysis, which revealed the effect of thermal activation on the phase composition of the obtained coatings. It was found that after each applied thermal activation, the occurence of diphase system in the coating was observed which was consisted of nickel crystallites and nickel phosphide crystallites of the type Ni5P2.
Electrodeposition and Thermal Treatment of Nickel Coatings Containing Cobalt
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz B. , Łągiewka Eugeniusz , Budniok A.
Published: March 2015

The Ni-P and Ni-Co-P coatings were electrodeposited at the deposition current density ofjdep= -20 mA cm-2. Thermal treatment of these coatings was conducted in air at 400oC for 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface morphology characterization of the coatings. Phase composition was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was applied to specify chemical composition of obtained coatings. It was found that introduction of Co into amorphous Ni matrix caused the surface development of the obtained deposit. The Ni-P coating revealed an amorphous structure. The Ni-Co-P coating was formed of the amorphous matrix and the amorphous alloy ingredient. Thermal treatment of the coatings allowed to obtain new multi-phase materials with slightly developed surface.
Intermetallic Compounds as Catalysts in the Reaction of Electroevolution/Absorption of Hydrogen
Authors: Łosiewicz Bożena , Popczyk Magdalena , Napłoszek Iwona , Budniok A.
Published: March 2015

This work deals with selected aspects of the formation of intermetallic phases and the occurrence of a synergistic effect in the electrochemical process taking place at such electrode materials. A comparison of the catalytic activity of a variety of metals and intermetallic compounds in the reaction of hydrogen electroevolution and absorption was carried out. It has been found that the catalytic activity of such combinations is much higher than the activity of their individual components and quite often also of precious metals. This paper is also aimed at understanding the electrocatalytic properties of electrodes based on the concept of “activity descriptors”. What is also discussed is the ability of different metals and intermetallic compounds to store hydrogen.
Production and Structure of Nickel-Phosphorus Electrolytic Coatings Modified with Metallic Tungsten or Nickel Oxide
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz B. , Łągiewka Eugeniusz , Budniok A.
Published: March 2015

Electrodeposited Ni-P, Ni-W-P, Ni-P+W and Ni-P+NiO+W coatings were obtained in the galvanostatic conditions at the current density jdep = -200 mA cm-2. A stereoscopic microscope was used for surface characterization of the coatings. The phase composition of the coatings was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The chemical composition of the deposits was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). It was found out that the introduction of the tungsten powder in one case, and the nickel oxide and tungsten powder in the other into the electrolytic Ni-P matrix results in obtaining the coatings with a very rough surface. The coatings obtained in this way may be useful while applying them as electrode materials in electrochemistry.
Electrodeposition and Thermal Treatment of Ni+W+Si and Ni+W+Mo+Si Composite Coatings
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz B. , Łągiewka Eugeniusz , Budniok A.
Published: March 2015

The Ni+W+Si and Ni+W+Mo+Si composite coatings were obtained by electrodeposition of crystalline nickel from an electrolyte containing suspension of suitable metallic and non-metallic components (W, Mo and Si). These coatings were obtained under galvanostatic conditions, at the current density of jdep = -0.100 A cm-2 and at the temperature of 338 K. For comparison the Ni coating were also obtained and investigated in the same manner. Obtained coatings were modified in the air atmosphere by thermal treatment at the temperature of 973 K for 1 h. Thus obtained coatings may be useful in application as electrode material for the oxygen evolution reaction.
Aims of Electrocatalysis
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Popczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2015

Electrocatalysis as a catalytic process involving oxidation or reduction through the direct transfer of electrons is of key importance subject in various fields of chemistry and associated sciences. Heterogeneous electrocatalysis is especially important to the development of water oxidation and fuel cells catalysts. This paper presents the brief description of the electrocatalysis and the mechanism of electrochemical reactions. Different factors and their influence on electrocatalytic activity, have been discussed. Role of nanoparticles in electrocatalysis received a particular emphasis. Long-term tasks of electrocatalysis were also definied.
Cyclic Voltammetry Studies on Electrochemical Behavior of the Composite Ni-P+TiO2 Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Popczyk Magdalena , Budniok A.
Published: March 2015

Electrochemical characteristics of the composite Ni-P+TiO2electrocoatings with a differentiated content of TiO2composite component from 14 to 20 at.%, dependent on temperature conditions of electrodeposition from 293 to 333 K, was carried out in an alkaline 2.5 M NaOH solution. Cyclic voltammetry studies of the Ni-P+TiO2coatings and comparable Ni-P electrocatalysts revealed that cyclic cathode-anode polarization activated TiO2as the embedded composite component for the Ni-P+TiO2coating obtained at 333 K only.
Comparison of Electrocatalytic Activity of the Composite Ni-P+NiO and Ni-P+Ni(OH)2 Coatings for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Popczyk Magdalena
Published: March 2015

The object of this work were composite electrocoatings with an amorphous Ni-P matrix containing crystalline NiO or Ni (OH)2component. The Ni-P+NiO, Ni-P+Ni (OH)2and Ni-P electrocoatings were deposited on a Cu substrate under galvanostatic conditions at room temperature. The electrocatalysts were characterized in the process of hydrogen evolution in 5 M NaOH solution in dependence on their deposition conditions, phase composition and chemical constitution. Based on the potentiodynamic polarization curves, the parameters of the Tafel equation and exchange current densities, were determined as a criterion for estimation of catalytic properties of these electrode materials towards hydrogen evolution reaction in an alkaline medium.
Production and Electrochemical Characterization of Nickel Based Composite Coatings Containing Chromium Group Metal and Silicon Powders
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Kubisztal Julian , Łosiewicz Bożena , Budniok A.
Published: March 2015

The Ni+Cr+Si, Ni+Mo+Si and Ni+W+Si composite coatings were obtained by electrodeposition of crystalline nickel from an electrolyte containing suspension of suitable metallic and non-metallic components (Cr, Mo, W and Si). These coatings were obtained galvanostatically at the current density of jdep = -0.100 A cm-2 and at the temperature of 338 K. Chemical composition of the coatings was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical activity of these electrocatalysts was studied in the process of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 5 M KOH solution using steady-state polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The kinetic parameters of the HER on particular electrode materials were determined. It was found that Ni+Mo+Si composite coatings are characterized by enhanced electrochemical activity towards the HER as compared with Ni+W+Si and Ni+Cr+Si coatings due to the presence of Mo and increase in electrochemically active surface area.
Multi-Phased Electrode Materials for the Electroevolution of Oxygen
Authors: Łosiewicz B. , Popczyk Magdalena , Napłoszek Iwona , Budniok A.
Published: March 2015

Recently, many efforts have been made to develop new anode materials able to catalyze the oxygen electroevolution reaction (OER). This review summarizes recent work undertaken on production and electroactivity of practical anode materials for an alkaline water electrolysis. Examples of mixed oxides with ABO3perovskite-type structure, metal compounds crystallizing in the spinel structure, electrolytic coatings of nickel alloys, as well as amorphous nickel-and cobalt-based electrolytic composite coatings, have been presented. The effect of the phase composition of the anode material on its activity in the OER, has also been discussed.
Influence of Thermal Treatment on the Electrochemical Properties of Ni+Mo Composite Coatings in an Alkaline Solution
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz B. , Łągiewka Eugeniusz , Budniok A.
Published: March 2015

The Ni+Mo composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition under the galvanostatic conditions (jdep= -300 mA cm-2) from the nickel bath containing molybdenum powders of different granulation (3-7 μm, <150 μm, <100 nm). Thermal treatment of the obtained coatings was conducted in the argon atmosphere. The surface morphology of the coatings was studied using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical composition of the electrodeposits was determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). Phase composition investigations were conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Investigations of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and electrochemical corrosion resistance were carried out in 5 M KOH solution. It was found that for the Ni+Mo thermally treated coatings the decrease in activity towards the HER was observed. Simultaneously these coatings are more corrosion resistant than Ni+Mo as-deposited coatings. The reasons for the electrochemical properties of these coatings have been discussed.
The Influence of Temperature of Electrodeposition on the Electrochemical Properties of Ni+MoS2 Composite Coatings
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz B.
Published: March 2015

The Ni+MoS2composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition under galvanostatic conditions from the Ni-plating bath containing suspended MoS2powder (100 mesh). Investigations of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were carried out using steady-state polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 5 M KOH solution on the coatings obtained at 30, 40, and 50°C. It was found that the kinetics of the HER on the Ni+MoS2coatings decreases with the increase in the electrodeposition temperature of the coatings. This effect is attributed to decreasing content of MoS2(from 26.4 to 18.0 wt.%) embedded into the Ni matrix as composite crystalline component having the electrocatalytic properties towards the HER and/or surface development of the coatings. The higher amount of MoS2was embedded, the more porous electrodes containing pear-shape pores on the surface were produced what was detected by EIS.
The Influence of Temperature of Electrodeposition on the Electrochemical Properties of Ni Coatings
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz Bożena
Published: March 2015

Porous Ni coatings were prepared by galvanostatic electrodeposition on the steel substrate from the Watts type bath at the deposition current densityjdep= -250 mA cm2at the temperature 40, 50 and 60°C. Investigations of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on the obtained Ni electrodes were carried out in 5 M KOH solution at room temperature. It was found that with the increase in the electrodeposition temperature of the coatings, the activity of the Ni electrocatalysts towards the HER decreased due to diminishing surface development of the Ni coatings.
The Influence of Current Density of Electrodeposition on the Electrochemical Properties of Ni-Mo Alloy Coatings
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz B.
Published: March 2015

The Ni-Mo alloy coatings with a high content of Mo up to 44.5 at.%, were prepared by galvanostatic electrodeposition in the range of deposition current density, jdep, from-30 to-240 mA cm-2 from the nickel plating bath containing potassium pyrophosphate, nickel chloride, sodium molybdate, and sodium bicarbonate. Investigations of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were carried out in 5 M KOH solution at room temperature using steady-state polarization and electrochemical impedancy spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. It was found that for the Ni-Mo alloy coatings, the increase in their catalytic properties towards the HER with the increase in the value of jdep of the coatings, was due to the intrinsic activity.
The Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Ni Electrode Material Modified with Molybdenum(IV) Oxide and Chromium(III) Oxide Powders
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz Bożena
Published: March 2015

The Ni+MoO2and Ni+Cr2O3composite coatings were prepared by the electrodeposition under the galvanostatic conditions (jdep= -200 mA cm-2) from the nickel bath containing powder of MoO2or Cr2O3. Studies of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 5 M KOH solution at room temperature were conducted using steady-state polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. It was ascertained that the HER rate is higher for the Ni+MoO2composite electrode in comparison with the Ni+Cr2O3composite electrode due to the presence of Mo in the nickel matrix.
Effect of Molybdenum(IV) Oxide on the Process of Hydrogen Evolution on Ni+Mo Electrolytic Composite Coatings
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Łosiewicz B.
Published: March 2015

The Ni+Mo and Ni+MoO2+Mo composite coatings were electrodeposited at the constant deposition current density ofjdep= -200 mA cm-2from the nickel plating bath containing powder of Mo or MoO2and Mo. The investigations of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were carried out in 5 M KOH solution at room temperature using steady-state polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It was found that for the Ni+MoO2+Mo composite coating the increase in the activity of HER was observed in comparison with Ni+Mo composite coating probably due to the more porous surface and presence of additional composite component (MoO2) in the nickel matrix.