bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kerjasama Guru dan Orang Tua dalam Membentuk Sikap Disiplin Siswa Kelas I Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Mauliza Anggita Putri , Sukmawati Ati , Mustafa Pinton Setya
Published: March 2024

Tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan pelaksanaan kerjasama guru dan orang tua dalam membentuk sikap disiplin siswa kelas I Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada MIN 3 Kota Mataram kelas I. Pengumpulan data dari penelitian ini meliputi: observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ragam bentuk kerjasama guru dan orang tua dalam membentuk kedisiplinan yang terdapat di MIN 3 Kota Mataram adalah membuat grup Whatsapp; mengadakan surat menyurat antara sekolah dan orang tua; dan melibatkan orang tua dalam perencanaan karakter disiplin. Selanjutnya, pelaksanaan hasil dari kerjasama tersebut melahirkan tata tertib beserta tindak lanjutnya, adanya kesadaran orang tua untuk peduli dengan sikap disiplin anaknya, sehingga memudahkan guru untuk mengontrolnya di kelas. Kesimpulkan dari penelitian ini yaitu telah terdapat ragam bentuk kerjasama guru dan orang tua untuk menumbuhkan kedisiplinan siswa kelas I. Hasil kerjasama tersebut memberikan dampak yang baik, dimana karakter disiplin pada anak kelas I MI dapat ditumbuhkan dengan optimal dari keterlibatan orang tua dan guru yang saling berkoordinasi dengan baik.
“The Sorriest Prime Minister”
Authors: Kjærby Freja
Published: March 2024

In contemporary political discourse, political apologies have emerged as a critical linguistic tool allowing politicians to sway and manipulate public perception. Especially the act of historical apology has been on the rise. This article examines the apology strategies of Canada’s Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, and how Trudeau modifies his apologies when apologizing for personal offenses versus historical transgressions. Drawing on politeness theory, the article suggests that Trudeau apologizes differently when apologizing for personal offenses than for historical transgressions. The article asserts that Trudeau’s personal apologies are marked by non-apology and face-saving strategies, whereas his historical apologies are more performative. This contrast underlines a strategic approach to apologizing, suggesting that Trudeau strategically leverages historical apologies to bolster his image as a progressive politician and minority ally. The article claims that, through these linguistic tactics, historical apologies, particularly historical apologies, serve as powerful means for shaping and perpetuating a desired political identity.
What Is Creepiness, and What Makes ChatGPT Creepy?
Authors: Kjeldgaard-Christiansen Jens
Published: March 2024

ChatGPT and other AI chatbots and models are often experienced as creepy by their users. This Perspective attempts to explain why. I start by reviewing studies into the psychology of creepiness, including a recent integrative account of the phenomenon. This account proposes that the experience of being “creeped out” arises from threatening difficulties in understanding other minds. Accordingly, I examine how ChatGPT and other AIs can give their users a sense that they are interacting with a thinking and feeling entity that may be malicious, referencing many well-documented cases in the process. These cases share a psychoanalytic theme in that it is only through creative and persistent prompting that the AI will come to acknowledge and share what it really thinks and feels. I end by discussing how various popular conceptions and representations of AIs may contribute to their perceived creepiness.
Sex Differences in Recreational Fear
Authors: Johannesen Ida
Published: March 2024

In this article I examine sex differences related to recreational fear, including theory on the evolved fear system, morbid curiosity, and disgust sensitivity. I use an evolutionary framework to argue that recreational fear can appeal specifically to women, with a focus on media preferences. Through an analysis of the true crime podcast My Favorite Murder and the slasher movie Halloween, I argue that both examples are popular with women, because they provide recreational fear in a way that aligns with women’s fears, curiosity, and threshold for disgust. They are relatively less scary than many other forms of frightening media. They also center around the fear of hostile conspecifics, which is common for women to experience. Because of this, they appeal to women’s morbid curiosity towards dangerous people and their motives. Lastly, they are careful to avoid excessive disgusting stimuli that could discourage a female audience from engaging.
Communication Is Key
Authors: Lorensen Sara
Published: March 2024

The relationship between language and communication has engaged researchers for more than a century. Studies have compared human language with animal communication systems, discussing to what degree the complex features and mechanisms that constitute human language have parallels and precursors in animal communication systems. This article discusses the characteristic design features of human language and concludes that language is a uniquely human feature, even if some aspects can also be identified in animal communication systems. The discussion of experiments aiming towards teaching human language to animals leads to the observation that there is a difference between understanding a language and using it to communicate. Human language, however, is effective as a means in interspecies relations pertaining to human-animal communication.
Multimodal mismatch responses in mouse auditory cortex
Authors: Solyga Magdalena , Keller Georg B
Published: March 2024

Our movements result in predictable sensory feedback that is often multimodal. Based on deviations between predictions and actual sensory input, primary sensory areas of cortex have been shown to compute sensorimotor prediction errors. How prediction errors in one sensory modality influence the computation of prediction errors in another modality is still unclear. To investigate multimodal prediction errors in mouse auditory cortex, we used a virtual environment to experimentally couple running to both self-generated auditory and visual feedback. Using two-photon microscopy, we first characterized responses of layer 2/3 (L2/3) neurons to sounds, visual stimuli, and running onsets and found responses to all three stimuli. Probing responses evoked by audiomotor (AM) mismatches, we found that they closely resemble visuomotor (VM) mismatch responses in visual cortex (V1). Finally, testing for cross modal influence on AM mismatch responses by coupling both sound amplitude and visual flow speed to the speed of running, we found that AM mismatch responses were amplified when paired with concurrent VM mismatches. Our results demonstrate that multimodal and non-hierarchical interactions shape prediction error responses in cortical L2/3.
OsNF-YB7 inactivates OsGLK1 to inhibit chlorophyll biosynthesis in rice embryo
Authors: Yang Zongju , Bai Tianqi , Zhiguo E , Niu Baixiao , Chen Chen
Published: March 2024

As a master regulator of seed development, Leafy Cotyledon 1 (LEC1) promotes chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in
Arabidopsis
, but the mechanism underlying this remains poorly understood. Here, we found that loss of function of
OsNF-YB7
, a
LEC1
homolog of rice, leads to chlorophyllous embryo, indicating that
OsNF-YB7
plays an opposite role in Chl biosynthesis in rice compared with that in
Arabidopsis
. OsNF-YB7 regulates the expression of a group of genes responsible for Chl biosynthesis and photosynthesis by directly binding to their promoters. In addition, OsNF-YB7 interacts with Golden 2-Like 1 (OsGLK1) to inhibit the transactivation activity of OsGLK1, a key regulator of Chl biosynthesis. Moreover, OsNF-YB7 can directly repress
OsGLK1
expression by recognizing its promoter
in vivo
, indicating the involvement of OsNF-YB7 in multiple regulatory layers of Chl biosynthesis in rice embryo. We propose that OsNF-YB7 functions as a transcriptional repressor to regulate Chl biosynthesis in rice embryo.
Análise dos efeitos da economia de escala no custo de produção da batata e tomate de mesa
Authors: Boteon Margarete , Deleo João Paulo
Published: March 2024

Os resultados proporcionam inferências a respeito dos rendimentos advindos do aumento da escala de produção nas unidades produtoras de batata e tomate de mesa no Brasil. Para tal análise, avaliou-se dois painéis de custo de produção de cada hortaliça para efeitos de comparação da escala e seu efeito nos rendimentos e no custo médio unitário. No geral, a economia de ganho de escala na produção é mais evidente em culturas que permitem a mecanização, principalmente na colheita, como é o caso da batata. Com o aumento do tamanho da propriedade bataticultora, a mecanização 100% da colheita tornou-se viável, economizando consideravelmente a mão-de-obra, o que reduz o valor médio unitário da produção. Por outro lado, culturas como o tomate de mesa, que não permitem a mecanização da colheita, o benefício dos ganhos de escala sobre os rendimentos é menor. As propriedades de menor escala de tomate têm uma economia importante nos gastos com mão de obra porque muitas são exclusivamente familiares. Apesar desta vantagem, mesmo no caso do tomate de mesa, as propriedades de maior escala obtiveram resultados melhores no presente estudo graças a melhor eficiência do uso dos recursos, resultando numa maior produtividade. Essas propriedades têm custo por hectare muito maior por conta do alto investimento no manejo, mas como os produtores de menor escala não possuem aporte financeiro para tal, acabam tendo produtividade e qualidade inferiores, limitando sua rentabilidade. Assim, uma observação geral do estudo é que os benefícios do ganho de escala nas propriedades horticultoras são mais evidentes nas culturas que permitem uma maior mecanização, sobretudo na colheita, reduzindo os gastos com mão-de-obra.
Age and growth of larval Pacific flagfin mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) in coastal Ecuador based on otolith analysis
Authors: Schuiteman Michelle , Dos Santos Andre R , Domínguez-Granda Luis E , Kinziger Andrew , Marin Jarrin Jose R
Published: March 2024

The flagfin mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) is an important subsistence fishery resource in local Ecuadorian markets; however, very little is known about the early life history and reproductive biology of this species. In 2016 and 2017, E. currani larvae were collected at 3 sandy beaches in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, and identified using DNA barcoding. Standard lengths ranged from 4.00–15.78 mm. We also collected otoliths to better understand the early life history of E. currani. Otoliths were used to estimate the age, population growth rate (±SE), hatch dates, and reproductive period. On average, the fish were 16.5 ± 4.5 days old, while the average growth rate was 0.70 ± 0.05 and 0.22 ± 0.16 mm per day in March and May, respectively. In the Gulf of Guayaquil, most hatch dates and the presumed reproductive activity of E. currani occurred during the wet season (December–April) when warmer water prevailed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the hatch dates and larval growth rate for a species of the family Gerreidae in the Pacific Ocean.
Insecticidal Potential of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook and Hyptis suavolens (L.) Poit Ethanol Leaves Extracts against Malaria Mosquito (Anopheles gambiae Giles)
Authors: Obembe Olusola Michael , Omotoso Olumuyiwa Temitope , Olorunniyi Omojola Felix
Published: March 2024

Adult mosquitoes are known to transmit diseases, including malaria and filariasis. The larvicidal, pupacidal and mosquitocidal properties of the leaves ethanol extracts of E. citriodora and H. suaveolens against the larva, pupa and adult Anopheles gambiae were examined. Phytochemical screening was also conducted on the selected plant species to determine the secondary metabolites. Ethanol was the solvent used for the extraction of the leaves using Soxhlet extractor at 60oC to determine the secondary metabolites. The larvae, pupa and adult mosquito were exposed to 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0% of the extract at 28 ± 2oC, 75 ± 5% RH, 12L:12D photoperiod. Results showed that the leaves extracts of both plants caused high mortality of larvae, pupae and adults of An. gambiae at 1.0% concentration level. The most effective extract was H. suaveolens which caused 100 % mortality of larvae and pupae at 1.0% concentration level within 48 h, while 100% mortality of adult An. gambiae was observed at 1.0% concentration within 4 h. Results also showed that E. citriodora leaves contains saponins, tannins, flavonoid, phenol, quinones and alkaloids, while that of H. suaveolens leaves contains saponins, tannins, flavonoid, phenol, alkaloids and sterols. As the extracts of both plants caused mortality at every stage of An gambiae, it can be suggested that the two plants could be integrated into vector control program of malaria and filariasis.
Effects of Commercial Feeding with Different Proteins on the Growth of G6 Transgenic Mutiara Catfish in Budikdamber Rearing
Authors: Buwono Ibnu D. , Roffi G.H  , Kiki H  , Ahmad A.R
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted in the Hatchery Building 4 Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Padjadjaran University. The implementation started from July to September 2023.  The purpose of this study was to test the growth performance of G6 transgenic mutiara catfish by feeding commercial feed containing different proteins to induce growth rate and protein use efficiency. The treatment design used the complete randomized design (CRD) method with four treatments (A: 39% feed protein; B: 32% feed protein; C: 20% feed protein; and D: 37% feed protein (mixture of pindang tongkol and PF.1000)) with three replications. Data were analysed using Sigmaplot 15.0 for absolute weight gain (Wg), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein retention (RP), and protein productive value (PPV) and using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with 95% confidence level. The results showed that treatment A gave the best results on the value of Wg (average weight gain of 4619 g ± 344.3 g) and the lowest FCR (0.63 ± 0.058), and the best protein retention and PPV values were shown in treatment B, as follows 19.24% and 17.4%.
Tourism Destination: The Role of Beach Tourism Experience Affect Green Consumption on Parangtritis Beach Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Asy-Syidiqie Bhimantara Haba , Roostika Raden Roro Ratna
Published: March 2024

Beach has become a part of tourism experience and it is one of the most important motivators for tourism. In order to attract tourists to come to visit, a beach should have a favorable image. Furthermore, nature and environmental awareness by tourists in a beach destination are also considered to be very important to influence the spread of positive green consumption towards a beach destination. However, in the context of tourist destinations, these concepts have never been empirically investigated. Therefore, the aim of this research is to extend the theoretical concepts and evaluates the empirical evidence of the relationship between tourism experience, connectedness to nature, environmental, green consumption towards Parangtritis beach. The result drawn from a sample of 226 domestic tourists in Yogyakarta (117 men, 109 women; age rage 18-60 years), between September 2023 and December 2023, show that tourism experience, connectedness to nature, environmental awareness and green consumption has a significant influence on Parangtritis beach. Furthermore, this study reveals that the development of a beach in a tourism destination is only possible if the beach is simultaneously developed into an attractive destination
Assessing the Impact of E-Learning Adoption on Learning Behavior in Sierra Leonean Higher Education
Authors: Sawaneh Ibrahim Abdulai , Sesay Brima , Mansaray Samuel Saio , Koroma Mohamed , Inthavong Phoungphaynome
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the adoption of e-learning in higher education institutions in Sierra Leone and its impact on learning Behavior using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
The research employs a survey design, utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), to analyze the responses of students and lecturers.
The study was conducted in Sierra Leone, involving ten universities. The duration of the study is not specified.
728 students and 327 lecturers were surveyed to assess their attitudes towards e-learning. The TAM was used to predict behaviors based on the perceived usefulness and ease of use of e-learning tools, such as mobile devices and social networking applications.
The findings indicate that e-learning is more likely to be adopted if the tools are perceived as useful and easy to use. Additionally, prior experience with computers enhances the positive perception of e-learning's attributes and attitudes toward its utilization.
The study highlights the potential of e-learning in developing countries like Sierra Leone. It provides insights for stakeholders in the education sector to develop strategies that can promote the adoption of e-learning in regions with similar developmental profiles.
Phytochemical Analysis and Potential Inhibitory Property of Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) Root Extract on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Galorio Ian Jake N. , Durante Reyniel M. , Baldo Ronald R.
Published: March 2024

Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds which are used for the treatment of various human diseases. One of these plants is the Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) which comes from the genus of the family Papilionaceae locally known in Southeast Asian Countries as "Derris" or Tuba" and "Tubli" or "Tugling-pula" in Philippines. In this paper, is reported inhibitory property of this plant which had been studied against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to find new substances with antimicrobial properties. The main purpose of the study was to identify the biochemical compounds of Tubli (Derris elliptica Benth) that inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus; to determine the result of the mean average of zone inhibition between Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and to differentiate the mean average of zone of inhibition between Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The experiments conducted used the Completely Randomized Designed (CRD). The data were analyzed using T-Test. Phytochemical analysis of Tubli (D. elliptica Benth) revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids which contributed to the antimicrobial ability of the root extract. It was found out that Tubli (D. elliptica Benth) was more active against the S. aureus having the total average zone of inhibition of 24.66 mm than the E. coli having the total average zone of inhibition of 20 mm. T-Test revealed that there is a significant difference on zone of inhibitions of the S. aureus and E. coli tested under Tubli (D. elliptica Benth) ethanolic root extract. The presence of phytochemicals suggests that D. elliptica has a potential antimicrobial property that could serve as a natural source of traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases.
Investigation into the Impacts of Varied Batches of Stripped Eggs on the Reproductive Success of Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Otoh, A. J.  , George, U. U.  , Asangusung, P. S.  , Okoko, A. C.  , Ekanem, I. E.  , Umaha, M. N.
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted at the hatchery complex of Akwa Ibom State University to investigate the effects of different batches of stripped egg on reproductive performances of Clarias gariepinus. Nine brood stocks of Clarias gariepinus (six males and 3 females) with average body weight of 2.3kg and 64.2 cm where carefully selected for the study. Six matured males were euthanized for the removal of testis without hormonal inducements. The milt collected from the six males were pooled together and divided into 12 portions each diluted with 2mL of normal saline solution. Three female brood stocks where separately induced with hormone at single dosage of 0.5ml/kg body weight and allowed for a period of 10 hours before stripping. Stripping of eggs from each brood stock where in four batches, each batch measured 50g and labeled A, B, C and D. 3g of eggs containing approximately 2000 oocytes (eggs) where measured out from each batch and mixed with the diluted milt and incubated in a 2 x 1 x 10cm3 of water in a concrete pond at temperature of 26oC in three replicates. The result revealed that the reproductive performances considered in this study decreased as the batches of stripped eggs increased from 1 ̶ 4 batches. The first batch of stripped eggs produced 87.69 ± 0.42, 97.06 ± 0.84, 84.29 ± 1.05 percentage fertilization, hatchability and survival rate respectively, while the least batch of stripped eggs (batch 4) produced the least value of fertilization 50.33 ± 1.67, 31.93 ± 4.94 hatchability and survival rate value of 42.69 ± 0.61.  Therefore, from the above result, the least batch of stripped eggs should not be used for fertilization because the unhatched or dead eggs has a negative effect on the fertilized eggs including fry at the hatchery level.
Performance Evaluation of Predictive Models for Coconut Crop Production in Karnataka Using Weather Parameters
Authors: Harshith K.V. , Ragini H.R. , Meenakshi J. , Kumar Biradar. S. Sampat , Shruthi G.H.
Published: March 2024

Coconut farming is a major industry in Karnataka that helps the state's agriculture sector. Karnataka is the third-largest coconut producer in India, behind Tamil Nadu and Kerala, with 3.38 billion coconuts produced on 0.42 million hectares of coconut agriculture in 2019–20, yielding an average of 8,095 nuts per hectare. These statistics come from the Directorate of Economics and Statistics. The production trends of the coconut crop in Karnataka are assessed in this study using linear, cubic, exponential, and log-logistic models. The best-fitting model is the one with the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Between 1950 and 2019, the area under coconut crops grew cubically, while production showed loglogistic model to be the best fit, according to our data. Furthermore, we evaluate predictive models with coconut production as the dependent variable and independent factors including area, rainfall, temperature (both greatest and lowest recorded), and relative humidity. For this assessment, Stepwise MLR (SMLR) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) methods are used. Notably, the minimum temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) have negative correlations with coconut production according to both stepwise regression estimates and maximum linear regression (MLR) estimates. These results imply that the minimum temperature in Karnataka and relative humidity have an inverse association with coconut crop productivity.
Estimating Impact of Conventional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) Methods of Rice Production Management on Sustainable Livelihood Generation in the Context of Climate Change in Maharashtra, India: A Factor Analysis
Authors: Panchabhai S.N. , Acharya Saumyesh , Mandal T. K. , Tayade Rahul
Published: March 2024

The global agricultural community has been preparing to face the imminent threat posed by climate change as projections by scientific communities complement the fact that food production will be affected adversely in the near future. The Indian subcontinent has not been explicit about the effects of natural disasters like floods and cyclones caused due to climatic changes. The aberrant weather patterns along with the inconsistent output of monsoon create unprecedented challenges for the rice-dominated farming system to thrive. It directly impacts the livelihood of the farmers making them economically vulnerable. Thus, it has become necessary for the research community to explore different causal dimensions related to rice production and suggest remedies for the constantly changing agroecosystem. This study aimed to investigate different indicators of impact on sustainable livelihood generation through rice production management in light of climate change in both conventional as well as SRI methods of rice production. An ex post facto research design was adopted for conducting the study. Purposive sampling was used to select the state, district, and talukas keeping in view the backwardness and agricultural status of the area of the study. Using a simple random sampling method, two hundred (200) respondents were selected from two talukas of the Bhandara district of Maharashtra. In case of results found in conventional method of rice production, the variables, Water management, Farm size, Education, Irrigation index%, Selling% and Risk orientation have contributed 9.996 per cent of variance and clubbed into Factor 1. On the other hand, in the case of SRI method, Factor 1 has the following variables i.e., Farm size, Family income primary, Education, Primary occupation, Mass media exposure, Family education status and Sowing time which has contributed 9.54 per cent of variance and has been renamed as ‘Family capability’.
Two Decades of Expanding Acreage of Coconut in Tamil Nadu, India: An Analysis in Food Security Perspective
Authors: Sudhalakshmi C. , Latha P. , Arulprakash R. , Lekhavarshinee P.
Published: March 2024

Coconut is an important horticultural crop which has a significant bearing on the livelihood security of small and marginal farmers across the nation. Trend analysis was done on the expansion of coconut acreage in Tamil Nadu over the past two decades and the simultaneous expansion of other prominent food grains in the state. In Tamil Nadu, the area under coconut registered an expansion of +35.27% in 2020 compared to that of 2000 and concomitantly the production registered an increase by 68.24% and productivity by 24.56% during the said period surpassing the drowning effect of biotic and abiotic stresses. During the past two decades, the area under major food grains viz., paddy registered a negative growth rate of -12.12%, pearl millet -51.16%, finger millet – 31.35%, sugarcane – 45.71%, sesame – 60.19% and groundnut – 53.22% in the state. Many rice growing districts of the state sacrificed the area under rice to coconut over the past two decades. Expanding acreage of coconut in the state of Tamil Nadu is an obscure drift in food security perspective.
Effect of Combined Application of Nano Urea and Custom Blended Thermochemical Organic Fertilizer for Growth and Yield of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus)
Authors: Kalyani T.G  , Reshmi C.R  , Rafeekher M  , Priya Kumari I  , Leno Naveen
Published: March 2024

A study was carried out to evaluate the impact of combined application of nano urea liquid fertilizer and custom blended thermochemical organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of the gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus) variety "Natasha" under naturally ventilated polyhouse conditions. The experiment was conducted in 2021-2022 inside a naturally ventilated polyhouse in the Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, College of Agriculture, Vellayani using 3-month-old tissue culture plantlets of gerbera variety ‘Natasha’. The experiment was laid out in CRD with 10 treatments and 15 replications. The results of the study revealed fortnightly foliar application of nano urea and soil application of thermochemical organic fertilizer custom blended with rajphos and MOP @ 1.2 g N: 0.8 g P2O5: 2 g K2O per plant significantly improved the parameters like plant spread, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf area and number of suckers per plant. Flower diameter, number of flowers produced per month, length of the flower stalk and bloom life were greatly improved by fortnightly soil application of thermochemical organic fertilizer custom blended with urea, rajphos and MOP @ 1.2 g N: 0.8 g P2O5: 2 g K2O per plant.
Morphological, Cultural Characteristics of Post-Harvest Diseases in Onion and its Management through Bio-Agents
Authors: Harish J. , Reddy Namburi Karunakar , R Karan , R Lakshmeesha , Vamsidharreddy N. , M Vineeth , Divyashree  , P Chethan
Published: March 2024

The onion (Allium cepa L.) is a biennial herb characterized by its bulbous structure, and it stands as one of the vital vegetable crops cultivated in India. Its origins can be traced back to the central Asian region. This underground bulbous vegetable crop is cultivated on a commercial scale due to its extensive adaptability and the significant potential for high production. Classified under the Amaryllidaceae family and Allium genus, the onion holds a pivotal role in the world of vegetables. The primary culprits responsible for onion bulb rot after harvesting were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. It was determined that the media PDA, SDA, MEA, and YDA were conducive to the growth and sporulation of A. niger mycelium. Conversely, MEA, OM, PDA, and YDA were found to be favorable for the development and sporulation of A. flavus. Lastly, PDA, CDA, OMA, and RA culture media demonstrated suitability for promoting mycelial growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae.
On Dual Hyperbolic Guglielmo Numbers
Authors: Yilmaz Bahadir , Soykan Yuksel
Published: March 2024

In this research, the generalized dual hyperbolic Guglielmo numbers are introduced. Various special cases are explored (including dual hyperbolic triangular numbers, dual hyperbolic triangular-Lucas numbers, dual hyperbolic oblong numbers, and dual hyperbolic pentagonal numbers). Binet.s formulas, generating functions and summation formulas for these numbers are presented. Moreover, Catalan.s and Cassini.s identities are provided, along with matrices associated with these sequences.
Value Addition of Fruits: An Effective Process to Combat Post-harvest Losses
Authors: Halder Shuvadeep , Huirem Boris , Karmakar Sujata , Hayat Abid , Bhattacharya Urjashi
Published: March 2024

Bruising, breaking, impact wounding, cutting, and other forms of injury are the common causes of deterioration and rotting losses of freshly harvested fruit crops due to poor harvesting, handling, storage, transportation, and marketing practices. For combating the huge losses, proper post-harvest management and value addition are considered an effective solution. Therefore, it is of utmost necessity to enlighten farm workers, producers, managers of trade, and exporters on the scope of losses being experienced and their financial drawbacks to improve the issue and enhance their income. This study aims to encompass different value-added food products like Ready to serve drinks, fruit bars, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, pickles, candy, fruit powders, etc., that can be prepared easily from different fruits, especially the underutilized fruits when they are available in bulk during their harvesting season. This will reduce post-harvest losses and make them available for consumption in the off-season.
Research on Underwater Image Enhancement Algorithm
Authors: Jian Wenfang
Published: March 2024

In recent years, with the continuous expansion of human activity areas, the Marine pollution caused by human activities has become increasingly serious, and the large influx of agricultural emissions and household garbage needs to rely on underwater equipment to clean up. However, to identify garbage from the complex underwater environment, it is necessary to study the underwater image enhancement algorithm. Therefore, this paper takes underwater plastic floaters as the research object, starts with the optical imaging model of underwater images, analyzes the process and mechanism of underwater optical imaging, and its impact on image quality, so as to better understand the causes of image degradation. Based on white balance algorithm, histogram equalization algorithm, bilateral filter algorithm and gamma correction method, the underwater image recognition image is improved. The principle of these methods to enhance underwater image is analyzed and applied to further improve the effect of underwater image enhancement.
Characterisation, Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Kombai Dog Breed: A Unique Genetic Resource of India
Authors: Selvam R. , Rajinikanth V. , Satheeshkumar P. , Priyadharsini R. , Jagatheesan P.N. Richard
Published: March 2024

Kombai is an ancient dog breed of Tamil Nadu, India. The Kombai dog is renowned for its fierce loyalty to its family and aggressiveness towards its adversaries. They are incredibly powerful, extremely intelligent, courageous, protective, resilient, territorial, and amiable breed making them as excellent guard dogs. Other names of this breed are Indian/Tamil Bear Hound, Poligar Dog, Mandai War Dog and Indian Rottweiler. The significant feature of this breed is that it lacks a fierce bark, it barks infrequently. Kombai is a sight hound, it hunt by sight and speed rather than by scent and stamina. The breed originated from the foothills of the Western Ghats in Theni district, Tamil Nadu. The breeding tract of this dog are Kombai, Uthamapalaiyam, Pannaipuram, Thevaram, Periakulam, Bodinayakkanur, Cumbam and Kudalur of Theni district and consequently dispersed throughout the southern India. The variants of this breed are Pulicharai Kombai and Porr Kombai. Kombai is medium-sized dog with muscular physique. True to this type of breeds are tan, brown, or reddish brown in color with a black muzzle, hence it is called as “Karuvaisevalai” or “Karumunji naai”. Piebald and brindle coat types are less popular. The head of a Kombai dog appear to be slightly larger than the body as a whole. Large oval-shaped dark brown eyes, strong jaws, and a broad, deep chest characterize the Kombai, and it has single, uniform, dense coat that is neither patchy nor uneven. It has lean muscles and a ridge that runs the length of their spine in the opposite way strengthens the entire body. Their mid-length ears are mostly flat or fold over at the front or sometime erect. The legs are designed for agility and quickness. The tail has smooth hair and is long, curling at the edge like a sickle.  An adult dog weigh up to 30kg (Male 25–32 kg; Female 20–25 kg) and 24 inches in height (Males: 22 to 24 inches; Females:19 to 22 inches). Average life span of this breed is 12-15years. Litter size is 4 to 6. Kombai dogs attain sexual maturity between 6-10 months. At present, the Kombai breed is becoming scarce and is in danger of going extinct as a result of ban on hunting, indiscriminate breeding, lack of knowledge about their significance, and shortage of traditional breeders. It is imperative to take immediate action to conserve this superior distinctive genetic resource. Establishment of Kombai breeders association and proper coordination and integration among various agencies is highly needed. This unique Kombai dog should be conserved in their innate habitats by implementing partaking approach by including breeders, communities, and other pertinent shareholders in conservation programs and it should be registered as breed.
Numerical Evaluation of Vibration Induced by Explosive Blasting in the Bauxite Mines of Sangarédi, Guinea
Authors: Keita Oumar , Camara Yacouba
Published: March 2024

During rocks blasting by explosives in mines and quarries, Vibration phenomena appear in the surrounding environment, often causing significant damage to neighboring structures such as: buildings, bridges, tunnels and dams. This is why mining companies using the technique of the explosion are often faced with constraints of limiting the vibration level in order to minimize or eliminate potential damage to neighboring structures or reduce neighbor complaints.

This paper presents a new numerical prediction model for vibration level induced by explosive blasting in the Bauxite mines of Sangarédi, Guinea. The dynamic damage law is associated with vibration phenomena analyses to determine numerical value of the particle velocities of different points located at different distances from the explosion hole for the explosion of a single charge hole, in order to compare to the vibration level required by the specifications of the Guinea mining company, which authorizes a vibration level of 10 mm/s in an inhabited area. The prediction of the vibration level gives particle velocities of 11m/s at a distance of 10 m from the explosion hole. Based on the results of the model, one could estimate that this required vibration level would be reached at a distance of 80 m from the blast hole.
Bioremediation of Diesel Fuel Contaminated Soil: Effect of Non Ionic Surfactants and Selected Bacteria Addition
Authors: Collina Elena , Lasagni Marina , Pitea Demetrio , Franzetti Andrea , Di Gennaro Patrizia , Bestetti Giuseppina
Published: July 2007

Aim of this work was to evaluate influence of two commercial surfactants and inoculum of selected bacteria on biodegradation of diesel fuel in different systems. Among alkyl polyethossilates (Brij family) and sorbitan derivates (Tween family) a first selection of surfactants was performed by estimation of Koc and Dafnia magna EC50 with molecular descriptor and QSAR model. Further experiments were conducted to evaluate soil sorption, biodegradability and toxicity. In the second part of the research, the effect of Brij 56, Tween 80 and selected bacteria addition on biodegradation of diesel fuel was studied in liquid cultures and in slurry and solid phase systems. The latter experiments were performed with diesel contaminated soil in bench scale slurry phase bioreactor and solid phase columns. Tween 80 addition increased the biodegradation rate of hydrocarbons both in liquid and in slurry phase systems. Regarding the effect of inoculum, no enhancement of biodegradation rate was observed neither in surfactant added nor in experiments without addition. On the contrary, in solid phase experiments, inoculum addition resulted in enhanced biodegradation compared to surfactant addition.
Highly Selective and Sensitized Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron (III) Following Potentiometric Study
Authors: Shokrollahi Ardeshir , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Rajabi Hamid Reza
Published: July 2007

A simple, selective and sensitized spectrophotometric method for determination of trace amounts of Fe3+ ion in tap and waste water solutions has been described. The spectrophotometric determination of Fe3+ ion using Ferron in the presence of N,N‐Dodecytrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) has been carried out. The Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.05‐2.6 μg mL‐1 of Fe3+ ion with the relative standard deviation (RSD %) <0.2 % and the molar absorptivity of complexes in pH 3.5 is 3.8×103 L mol‐1 cm‐1.

Potentiometric pH titration has been used for prediction of protonation constants of ferron, and evaluating its stoichiometry and respective stability constant with Fe3+ ion. As it is obvious the most likely species of ferron alone and its complexes are LH (log=7.64), LH2 (logK=10.52), LH3 (logK=11.74) and ML2 (logβ= 23.68), ML3 (logβ= 23.68), ML3H (logβ= 23.68), ML3H2 (logβ= 23.68) and ML(OH)2 (logβ=23.68) respectively.
Parafac and PLS Applied to Determination of Captopril in Pharmaceutical Preparation and Biological Fluids by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Authors: Niazi Ali , Ghasemi Nahid
Published: July 2007

A new ultraviolet spectrophotometric method has been developed for the direct qualitative determination of captopril in pharmaceutical preparation and biological fluids such as human plasma and urine samples. The method was accomplished based on parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and partial least squares (PLS). The study was carried out in the pH range from 2.0 to 12.8 and with a concentration from 0.70 to 61.50 μg ml‐1 of captopril. Multivariate calibration models PLS at various pH and PARAFAC were elaborated from ultraviolet spectra deconvolution and captopril determination. The best models for this system were obtained with PARAFAC and PLS at pH = 2.04 (PLS‐PH2). The applications of the method for the determination of real samples were evaluated by analysis of captopril in pharmaceutical preparations and biological (human plasma and urine) fluids with satisfactory results. The accuracy of the method, evaluated through the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), was 0.58 for captopril with PARAFAC and 0.67 for captopril with PLS‐PH2 model. Acidity constant of captopril at 25 °C and ionic strength of 0.1 M have also been determined spectrophotometrically. The obtained pKa values of captopril are 3.90 ± 0.05 and 10.03 ± 0.08 for pKa1 and pKa2, respectively.
Heavy Metal Levels and Physico – Chemical Quality of Potable Water Supply in Warri, Nigeria
Authors: Nduka J.K.C. , Orisakwe O.E.
Published: July 2007

The interaction between man's activities and the environment is gaining world wide attention. Warri an oil producing community in Delta State of Nigeria is faced with environmental oil pollution. Since open and underground water bodies are regarded as final recipients of most environmental pollutants, this study sought to provide data on the levels of the physico‐chemical parameters and contaminants in Warri metropolitan water supply. This study investigated the cadmium, lead and chromium using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, physico – chemical properties such as pH, temperature, total suspended solid TSS, total dissolved solid TDS, electrical conductivity EC, biological oxygen demand BOD, dissolved oxygen DO, chemical oxygen demand COD, and total coliform count of potable water sources in Warri. Ekpan River was found to have 1.2mg/L of cadmium, 1.0mg/L of chromium, 1.20mg/L of lead and 2.0mg/L of manganese. The heavy metals levels and the pollution parameters were lowest in the borehole water samples, except pH which is more acidic in borehole water samples and conductivity which is more in well water samples in all the sampling stations. Some of the parameters were above WHO standards.
Partitioning Study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons between Water and Some Selected Water‐Insoluble Phases
Authors: Ceraulo Leopoldo , Fanara Serena , Ferrugia Mirella , Turco Liveri Vincenzo
Published: July 2007

An investigation on the partitioning of naphthalene and phenanthrene between water and some water‐insoluble phases has been carried out by Uv‐vis‐NIR spectrophotometry. The analysis of the experimental results emphasized the role of intermolecular interactions and structural features of the hosting phases as driving forces of the partitioning of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The critical comparison of the resulting distribution constants allowed to evaluate the potentials of some extracting phases to set up sensitive analytical methods and/or effective environment remediation technologies.
Highly Selective and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Silver Ion in Surfactant Media Using 2‐Mercaptobenzoxazole
Authors: Ghaedi M. , Daneshfar A. , Shokrollahi A. , Ghaedi H. , Arvin Pili F.
Published: July 2007

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method for determination of trace amounts of silver ion in tap and wastewater solution and photographic solutions has been described. The spectrophotometric determination of silver ion using 2‐mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO) in the presence of Triton X‐100 as nonionic surfactant has been carried out. The Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.1‐9.0 μg mL‐1 of Ag+ ion with the detection limits of 1.6 ng mL‐1. The influence of type and amount of surfactant, pH, complexation time and amount of ligand on sensitivity of method were optimized. Finally the repeatability, accuracy and the effect of interfering ions on the determination of silver ion were evaluated. There is a good agreement between results of proposed method and atomic absorption spectrometry.
Simultaneous cyclic scheduling and optimal control of polymerization reactors
Authors: Terrazas‐Moreno Sebastian , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio , Grossmann Ignacio E.
Published: July 2007

The simultaneous solution of the optimal sequencing and optimal dynamic transitions of two multigrade polymerization continuous stirred‐tank reactors (CSTRs) is presented. The simultaneous formulation leads to a mixed‐integer dynamic optimization (MIDO) problem. The profiles of the state variables during dynamic transitions are discretized using orthogonal collocation on finite elements, transforming the MIDO problem into a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The objective of this formulation is to maximize the profit of the manufacturing operation, considering polymer sales, inventory costs and transition costs. The transition cost term is determined by the duration of the transition stages and the manipulated variable profile during transitions. Two industrial reaction systems are used to analyze the optimal solution and compare it to other solutions obtained using different methods. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to describe the impact of changes in certain problem parameters. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Cyclisierungsreaktionen über Palladium‐katalysierte allylische Alkylierungen
Authors: Trost Barry M.
Published: July 2007

Die historische Entwicklung der Chemie von Carbo‐ und Heterocyclen ist eng verknüpft mit ihrer Zugänglichkeit. Übergangsmetallkatalysierte Cyclisierungsreaktionen eröffnen neue Möglichkeiten zur einfachen Darstellung carbo‐ und heterocyclischer Verbindungen. Unter diesen Methoden nehmen Palladium‐katalysierte allylische Alkylierungen wegen ihrer außerordentlichen Chemo‐, Regio‐ und Diastereoselektivität sowie den sich abzeichnenden Möglichkeiten zur Entwicklung enantioselektiver Reaktionen einen hohen Stellenwert ein. Da der Ringschluß anderen Gesetzen unterliegt als in Reaktionen, die nicht übergangsmetallkatalysiert sind, lassen sich anstelle normaler (d. h. fünf‐, sechs‐ und siebengliedriger) Ringe bevorzugt mittlere (d. h. acht‐, neun‐, zehn‐ und elfgliedrige) und große Ringe aufbauen. Mit geeigneten Substraten kann man sogar Makrocyclen unter normalen Konzentrationsbedingungen darstellen. Ein weiterer Vorteil der übergangsmetallkatalysierten Substitution ist die – im Vergleich zu Reaktionen, die nicht übergangsmetallkatalysiert sind (Inversion der Konfiguration) – komplementäre Stereochemie (Retention der Konfiguration). Durch den vorübergehenden Einbau des Substrats in den Übergangsmetallkomplex kann im Übergangszustand eine stereochemische Anordnung erzwungen werden, die – unabhängig von der Stereochemie des Ausgangsmaterials – die Bildung des thermodynamisch weniger stabilen Produkts begünstigt. Während sich die meisten bisherigen Arbeiten auf die Synthese von Carbocyclen konzentrieren, stecken die Möglichkeiten zur Darstellung von Heterocyclen noch in den Anfängen. Heterocyclen können nicht nur durch C‐C‐Verknüpfung aufgebaut werden, sondern es können auch Heteroatome wie Sauerstoff und Stickstoff als Nucleophile bei der Cyclisierung fungieren; die Verwendung weiterer Heteroatome als Nucleophile bleibt zu untersuchen. Neue Anwendungsbereiche für Cyclisierungen durch allylische Alkylierung eröffnen sich, wenn man das benötigte π‐Allylpalladium‐Zwischenprodukt auf andere Weise als über Palladium (0)‐initiierte allylische Ionisierung erzeugt. Auch die Verwendung anderer Metalle anstelle von Palladium könnte weitere Möglichkeiten bieten.
Ungewöhnliche Geometrie eines sterisch gehinderten Analogons von (CH)
Authors: Maier Günther , Rang Harald , Kalinowski Hans‐Otto
Published: July 2007

Möglicherweise trigonal‐bipyramidal liegt das tert‐Butyl‐substituierte Kation 1 vor. Wie 13C‐NMR‐Spektren zeigen, besteht ein temperaturabhängiges Gleichgewicht zwischen drei degenerierten Strukturen. Das Mittelungsspektrum entspricht der hochsymmetrischen Struktur 2.

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Hexaalkinyltriphenylen als neuer Typ nematisch‐discotischer Kohlenwasserstoffe
Authors: Praefcke Klaus , Kohne Bernd , Singer Dirk
Published: July 2007

Einen 80 (R = Pentyl) bzw. 54 K (R = Heptyl) breiten Mesophasenbereich weisen die hochungesättigten, großflächigen monotropen Kohlenwasserstoffe 1 auf, die durch repetitive Pd‐katalysierte Alkinylierung von Hexabromtriphenylen in einer Eintopfreaktion erhalten wurden. Wie bei anderen Multi(phenylethinyl)arenen mit ND‐Phasen sind auch hier die Umwandlungsenthalpien ΔH(ND → I) für den Klärvorgang mit etwa 0.2 kJ mol−1 auffallend klein.

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