bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical Service-Learning
Authors: Mthethwa-Sommers Shirley
Published: April 2020

Colleges and universities in the U.S. engage in service-learning in order to cultivate dispositions of empathy and civic engagement. This chapter draws from a Foundations of Education course in a historically and predominately White institution participating in service-learning in predominately Black and Latinx high schools. The purpose of the course was to teach about the legacy of state sponsored oppression, social justice education, and advocacy. The course provided theoretical frameworks to the practical knowledge and skills that students garnered from engagement in community schools. Data collected for research purposes were quantitative and qualitative. The results of the study show that service-learning can be a vehicle toward social justice education particularly in exposing oppressive structures and practices in urban schools.
Supporting Second Language Learners in Higher Education
Authors: Wambua Brenda , Gachari Regina , Kinuthia Jane
Published: April 2020

The concepts discussed in this chapter were conceptualized out of the experiences of lecturers and researchers who have from time to time found themselves in situations where their learners require extra support for them to navigate through the academic rigor expected of them. Linguistic competence of the language of instruction has been proven to contribute significantly to a learner's success since through this medium, knowledge is acquired and disseminated. Language can thus be a facilitator or impediment of knowledge acquisition. Thus, institutions of higher learning must strive to put in place strategic mechanisms to support learners especially in a time when higher education is experiencing greater internationalization with diverse learners. The chapter discusses strategies that would support such learners, with a view of encouraging the players in higher education to explore opportunities for such support which may be available both inside and outside the classroom.
Modelling and Simulation of Hetero-Dielectric Surrounding Gate TFET
Authors: Anand I. Vivek , Samuel T.S. Arun , Vimala P. , Shenbagavalli A.
Published: April 2020

Analytical modelling for a tri material cylindrical gate tunnel FET is developed in this paper. Poisson equation and parabolic approximation technique are employed to develop the analytical model of the proposed device. Inorder to eliminate the influence of short channel effects and the leakage current, a surrounding gate with three different work function materials is used. Stacked dielectric or hetero-dielectric is used to improve the ON current of device. Performance of the device has been analyzed with different gate material lengths such as 10 nm, 15 nm and 20 nm. The developed 2-D mathematical model is used to obtain results like drain current, surface potential and electrical field in the vertical and lateral direction. From the results, a reduction in the device limitations is inferred and the leakage current is also considerably reduced. It has been found from the presented results that the proposed device structure Tri Material Cylindrical Gate Tunnel FET (TM CG TFET) provides the improved ON state current (10-3A/µm) and reduced OFF state current (10-14A/µm). The accuracy of the results and characteristics of the device are evaluated using TCAD simulations.
Growth and Characterization of Nanostructured Ag-ZnO for Application in Water Purification
Authors: Barnasas Alexandros , Karavasilis Michalis V. , Aggelopoulos Christos , Tsakiroglou Christos D. , Poulopoulos Panagiotis
Published: April 2020

In this work, a low-cost method to produce ZnO nanostructured materials for the treatment of water polluted with model organic pollutants (e.g. dyes) is presented. Zinc and silver-coated Zn (Ag/Zn) films, fabricated via sputtering method were naturally oxidized via a simple, low-temperature, scalable thermal process. During oxidation, Ag/ZnO nanorods were grown on Zn foils after treating their surface with various agents (e.g. acids) and annealing in an oven at temperatures 385-400 °C. The ZnO and Ag/ZnO films on Zn were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB) was selected as model pollutant dissolved in water, and a batch photo-reactor was fabricated and used to to study the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance of films. The transient varation of MB concentration in aqueous solutions was measured with UV-Vis spectroscopy. Ag/ZnO demonstrated a strong MB adsorbion capacity in dark conditions, and a satisfactory MB photocatalytic degradation under UV light irradiation.The optimized doping of Ag in Ag/ZnO film enhanced its photocatalytic activity, and seems well-promising for the potential scale-up of Ag/ZnO films, and use in large-scale systems for water purification under UV light irradiation.
The Effectiveness Adsorption of Au(III) and Cu(II) Ion by Mangosteen Rind (Garcinia mangostana L.) Using Point of Zero Charge Calculation
Authors: Saraswati Dian Hana , Harumi Mellia , Triyono Triyono , Sudiono Sri
Published: April 2020

Adsorption of Au(III) and Cu(II) by mangosteen rind adsorbent had been carried out. Mangosteen rind has several functional groups including –OH phenolics, ‒C=C‒ aromatics, and ethers. Dried mangosteen rind which was obtained from maceration was used to determine Point of Zero Charge (PZC). The most effective pH adsorption was determined by mixing adsorbent with Au(III) or Cu(II) solutions with various pH. The adsorption capacity was affected by the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate. The solid adsorbent before and after interaction was characterized by FTIR, XRD, and microphotography. The PZC pH value of adsorbent was 3.7 while the optimum pH for Au(III) and Cu(II) were at pH 2 and pH 5, respectively. The adsorption capacity (qmax) value was 333.33 mg/g by following the Langmuir isotherm equation. The crystalline structure of adsorbent was analyzed using XRD and gave 4 peaks characteristics of gold metal on 2ϴ = 38º, 44º, 64º, and 77º after adsorption which indicated the reduction of Au(III) ions into Au(0).
Discovery of Natural Product Compounds as Dengue Virus NS5 Methyltransferase Inhibitor Candidate through in Silico Method
Authors: Bagastama Anjas Randy , Alkaff Ahmad Husein , Tambunan Usman Sumo Friend
Published: April 2020

Dengue is a global health problem which predominantly affected the tropical and subtropical region of Asia, Africa, and America. However, there are no available antiviral agents to treat dengue virus (DENV) infection. This study was conducted to utilize natural product compounds as an inhibitor of NS5 Methyltransferase, a viral protein which plays an essential role in the synthesis of DENV RNA. The natural product compounds were collected from the Universal Natural Product Database (UNPD), totaling 229,000 compounds. The in silico screening of the natural product compounds was performed by molecular docking simulation method, which simulates the interaction of the compounds on the active site of the NS5 methyltransferase. From the molecular docking simulation, about 51 compounds showed better affinity and interaction compared to the standard compound, S-Adenosyl-L-Homocysteine (SAH). Then, a series of pharmacological tests were performed to find the best drug candidates by employing DataWarrior and SwissADME software. Finally, three natural product compounds, namely UNPD98966, UNPD183023, and UNDP104952, were regarded as the best inhibitor against NS5 methyltransferase based on its molecular affinity and interaction. These compounds also showed potential as drug candidates due to their desirable pharmacological properties.
Performance Comparison between Biocoagulant Based on Protein and Tannin Compared with Chemical Coagulant
Authors: Putra Rudy Syah , Ayu Mutiara , Amri Resti Yunia
Published: April 2020

In this study the performance of biocoagulant based on protein (Moringa oleifera, Vigna sinensi) and tannin (Colocasie esculenta) was compared with Poly Alumunium Chloride (PAC) as a chemical coagulant have been evaluated using a synthetic kaolinite-turbid water which referred to water sample. The effectiveness of biocoagulants dosage were evaluated by turbidity removal (%), total dissolved solid TDS and electrical conductivity (EC). The results showed that the turbidity removal of water sample achieved as much as 94.4% and 87.0% for Moringa oleifera and Vigna sinensi, but low turbidity removal occurred when using Colocasia esculenta as much as 26.4%. High results of turbidity removal showed when using PAC as coagulant at different dosages as a comparison. The decreasing of TDS and EC in the water sample did not much influenced by the coagulants except for Vigna sinensi.
Comparison of Biocompatibility of Fibroin Cocoon Bombyx mori L., Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) as Pulp Capping Materials to Human Primary Dental Pulp Cells
Authors: Puspita Sartika , Hne Soesatyo Marsetyawan , Sunarintyas Siti , Mulyawati Ema
Published: April 2020

One of the requirements of endodontic material is to have good biocompatibility of pulp tissue that has direct contact with the material, to promote the process of tissue repair. Reversible pulpitis needs direct pulp capping treatment with medicament materials i.e. RMGIC (Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement) and MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) which are used as the gold standard for direct pulp capping treatment. Both of the materials have several disadvantages including the necrotic tissue in the area has direct contact with the pulp so that it affects the successful treatment results. Nowadays, the new materials are being developed which are expected to improve the existing material deficiencies. In this study, fibroin was extracted from Bombyx mori L. cocoon. This study aimed to examine the biocompatibility of fibroin as a new pulp capping material with RMGIC (Fuji II LC, GC, Japan) and MTA (Rootdent, Technodent, Russia). An experimental study was conducted using extracted human primary dental pulp cells in vitro through orthodontic treatment. A methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay was employed to test biocompatibility using ELISA Reader 590 nm wavelengths for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The findings showed that the biocompatibility of fibroin had the highest value of all. In conclusion, fibroin biocompatibility toward MTA and RMGIC as pulp capping materials can be aligned, however, there were no significant differences.
Preparation of Chitosan-Polycaprolactone (PCL) Composite Nanofiber as Potential for Annulus Fibrosus Regeneration
Authors: Putri Nur Rofiqoh Eviana , Kurniawan Dhimas Agung , Pradana Bintang Adi , Imani Nadya Alfa Cahaya , Kusumastuti Yuni
Published: April 2020

Tissue engineering has shown a remarkable result in medical applications. Further exploration, these multidisciplinary fields are also given a possibility as an alternative medication for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Focusing on the annulus fibrous repair, to improve the mechanical properties of biomaterials, a composite made of chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) was developed in this present study. Due to its tuneable properties, the electrospinning-based method was used in the experiment to create the chitosan/PCL composite. Varies concentration of PCL (11, 12, and 13 wt%) and a different ratio of precursors chitosan to PCL (1:1; 1:3; 1:5) were used to optimize the composition of natural and synthetic polymer in the composite nanofibers. The obtained nanofibers were then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe the morphology, swelling test, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the increasing concentration and composition of PCL could form the more homogeneous and larger diameter of nanofiber with fewer beads compare to the lower composition of PCL nanofiber. Meanwhile, the swelling percentage decreases by increasing the amount of PCL. FTIR results also show that all samples of composite nanofibers contain both chitosan and PCL.
Statistical Evaluation of Conventional and Portable Instrumentations for Cr(VI) Analysis on Chemistry Laboratory Waste Water
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Milawonso Ghilma , Morita Kinichi , Mizuguchi Hitoshi , Oki Yuji
Published: April 2020

The development of portable instrumentation for heavy metals analysis was increased rapidly. However, the quality of data from portable methods has so far been questioned when compared to conventional instrumentation. In this research, a comparative study of conventional and portable instrumentations for Cr(VI) analysis on liquid waste water of Chemistry Laboratory at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) was conducted. This research started with validation and statistical evaluation of instrumentation methods which are UV-Visible spectrophotometer, portable spectrophotometer (PiCOEXPLORER) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). The validation methods consist of determination of linearity, sensitivity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The results showed that the validation methods of ICP-AES were better than PiCOEXPLORER and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Based on t-test, it was obtained that the result of Cr(VI) analyses with the comparison of UV-Vis and PiCOEXPLORER, ICP-AES and PiCOEXPLORER, and UV-Vis and ICP-AES; there were no significant difference (tcount< ttable). The ANOVA test (F test) results showed that the Fcount value is less than Ftable so that the results of Cr(VI) analysis in the standard solution and liquid waste samples measured by three instrumentations. Thus, it was concluded that portable instrumentations was good and gives the same quality as conventional instrumentations (UV-Vis and ICP AES).
Synthesis of Fe3O4/TiO2 Nanocomposite as Photocatalyst in Photoreduction Reaction of CO2 Conversion to Methanol
Authors: Pradipta Adya Rizky , Mauludi Kurniawan , Kartini Indriana , Kunarti Eko Sri
Published: April 2020

TiO2 modified Fe3O4 nanocomposite as photocatalyst in CO2 indirect reduction was synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method and its photocatalytic activity was studied as well. The modification of the TiO2 composite was attempted to modify titanium dioxide to have better performance as a photocatalyst. Magnetite synthesis was carried out by the sono-coprecipitation method with the addition of the capping agent. The magnetite was coated with TiO2 via the sol-gel method under ultrasonic irradiation. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and turbidimetry. The final product was also analyzed by diffuse reflectance UV-Visible (DR-UV) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The product of indirect reduction was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Photocatalytic reaction with Fe3O4/TiO2 nanocomposite produced a higher concentration of methanol than using TiO2. Methanol concentration produced from the photocatalytic reaction using TiO2 and Fe3O4/TiO2 was 6.63% and 16.82%.
Adsorption of Cu2+ Metal Ions on Dithizone-Immobilized Natural Bentonite
Authors: Fadela Dian Mira , Mudasir Mudasir , Suratman Adhitasari
Published: April 2020

The research of adsorption of Cu2+ metal ion on dithizone-immobilized natural bentonite (DNB) had been carried out. The experiment was begun by the activation of natural bentonite with HCl 4 M and dithizone-immobilized on activated bentonite surface. This study included synthesis and characterization of dithizone-immobilized bentonite and its application in adsorption of Cu2+ metal ions. The type of interaction occurred in the adsorption was tested by sequential desorption. The result showed that dithizone successfully immobilized on activated natural bentonite (ANB). The optimum conditions for Cu2+ metal ions adsorption using dithizone-immobilized natural bentonite are at pH 5; 0.1 g mass of adsorbent, with interaction time 60 min, and the initial concentration of ion at 80 ppm. Kinetics and adsorption isotherm studies suggest that the capacity, of the dithizone-immobilized natural bentonite in adsorbing Cu2+ metal ion is significantly improved compared to activated natural bentonite. The adsorption of Cu2+ metal ions by activated natural bentonite was through several interactions dominated by electrostatic interaction (82%). Otherwise, the interaction of dithizone-immobilized natural bentonite with Cu2+ metal ions in the sequence were dominated by the mechanism of complex formation of (75%). The result shows that the immobilization of dithizone changes the type of electrostatic interaction into complex formation.
Photoreduction of Pb(II) Using TiO2 Catalyst Modified with Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Budi Iis Setyo , Kartini Indriana , Kunarti Eko Sri
Published: April 2020

The TiO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticle has been successfully synthesized and the material is then applied as a photocatalyst to reduce Pb(II). The Fe3O4 was synthesized through sono-coprecipitation method using NH4OH as a precipitating agent. The coating TiO2 onto Fe3O4 was performed respectively via hydrolysis reaction and sol-gel process using ammonium sulfate and TTIP as a reagent of TiO2. This study investigated several parameters such as the effect of time, equilibrium state and material responsiveness toward ultraviolet light. The XRD measurement indicated the presence of Fe3O4 and TiO2 while TEM image displayed the photocatalyst had a nanosized particle with approximately 60 nm in size. An activity test at pH 4, the equilibrium of photoreduction process showed at 60 minutes. The kinetic parameter of Pb(II) reduction at various catalyst presented that TiO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticle had better reduction rate constant than that of TiO2. Reusing of TiO2/Fe3O4 photocatalysts showed the results of Pb (II) photoreduction were not significantly decrease and the results of photocatalysis were still better than TiO2.
Blockade of BAFF Reshapes the Hepatic B Cell Receptor Repertoire and Attenuates Autoantibody Production in Cholestatic Liver Disease
Authors: Thapa Manoj , Tedesco Dana , Gumber Sanjeev , Elrod Elizabeth J. , Han Jin-Hwan , Kitchens William H. , Magliocca Joseph F. , Adams Andrew B. , Grakoui Arash
Published: April 2020

Defects in biliary transport proteins, MDR3 in humans and Mdr2 in mice, can lead to a spectrum of cholestatic liver disorders. Although B cell disorders and the aberrant Ab production are the leading extrahepatic manifestations of cholestatic liver diseases, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is incompletely understood. Using mice with deficiency of Mdr2 that progressively develop cholestatic liver disease, we investigated the contributions of BAFF to aberrant IgG autoantibody production and hepatic fibrosis. In Mdr2−/− mice, hepatic B lymphocytes constitutively produced IgG during fibrosis progression, which correlated with elevated serum levels of BAFF, antinuclear Abs (ANA) and immune complexes. The elevated BAFF and ANA titers were also detected in human patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and hepatobiliary cholangiopathies. Consistent with the higher BAFF levels, liver-specific selection of the focused BCR IgH repertoire was found on hepatic B cells in Mdr2−/− mice. Interestingly, the administration of anti-BAFF mAb in Mdr2−/− mice altered the BCR repertoire on hepatic B lymphocytes and resulted in reduced ANA and immune complex titers. However, anti-BAFF treatment did not attenuate hepatic fibrosis as measured by collagen deposition, hepatic expressions of collagen-1a, α-smooth muscle actin, and mononuclear cell infiltration (CD11b+ Ly-6chi monocytes and CD11b+ Gr1+ neutrophils). Importantly, depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 mAb reduced both hepatic fibrosis and serum levels of ANA and immune complexes. Our findings implicate B cells as the potential therapeutic targets for hepatic fibrosis and targeting BAFF specifically for attenuating the autoantibody production associated with cholestatic liver disease.
Comparison of quality of life and related factors according to premature menopause using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014-2017)
Authors: Cho Ok-Hee , Hwang Kyung-Hye
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the health‐related quality of life of premature menopausal women with that of normal postmenopausal women and to identify factors related to health-related quality of life in these two groups. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of a sample of 5,910 postmenopausal women drawn from women aged 19–79 years, using raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey between 2014 and 2017. Health-related quality of life was compared between premature menopausal women and normal postmenopausal women using the t‐test and chi‐square test, and factors related to health‐related quality of life were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression using SAS version 9.4. Results: There was no significant difference in health‐related quality of life between premature menopausal women and normal postmenopausal women. Subjective health status and symptoms of depression were identified as factors related to quality of life in women with premature menopause, while engaging in aerobic physical activity, subjective health status, stress, and symptoms of depression were found to be related to quality of life among normal postmenopausal women. Conclusion: It is necessary to support self‐care measures for both premature and normal menopausal women to adapt to changes caused by menopause, and multidimensional strategies should be developed considering postmenopausal women’s subjective health status and symptoms of depression to improve their quality of life.
Swimming With Sharks: Teaching Residents Value-Based Medicine and Quality Improvement Through Resident-Pitched Projects
Authors: Durstenfeld Matthew S. , Statman Scott , Carney Kerrilynn , Cohan Brigette , Bosworth Brian , Hauck Kevin , Dikman Andrew
Published: April 2020

Background

To create meaningful quality improvement (QI) curricula for graduate medical education (GME) trainees, institutions strive to improve coordination of QI curricula with hospital improvement infrastructure.

Objective

We created a curriculum to teach residents about QI and value-based medicine (VBM) and assessed curricular effectiveness.

Methods

We designed a 2-week required curriculum for internal medicine residents at a large academic program. After participating in basic skills workshops, trainees developed QI/VBM project ideas with faculty and nonclinical support and pitched them to hospital leaders at the end of the rotation. Pre-post and 1-year follow-up surveys were conducted for residents to self-assess knowledge, attitudes, and skills, participation in QI/VBM projects, and career intentions. We tracked QI/VBM project implementation.

Results

In the first 2 years (2017–2018), 92 trainees participated, and 71 of 76 (93%) recommended the curriculum. Surveys (76 of 92, 83%) show improvement in our learning objectives (12%–60% pre to 62%–97% post; P < .001 for all; Cohen's d effect size 0.7–1.2), which are sustained at 1-year follow-up (57%–95%; P < .01). Four of 19 projects have been implemented. At 1 year, 95% of residents had presented a quality/value poster presentation, 44% were involved in QI/VBM beyond required rotations, and 26% plan to pursue careers focused on improving quality, safety, or value.

Conclusions

Our project-based curriculum culminating in a project pitch to hospital leadership was acceptable to GME trainees, improved self-assessed skills sustained at 1 year, and resulted in successfully implemented QI/VBM projects.
Modelado y control multivariable del vehículo urbano eléctrico UAL-eCARM
Authors: Mañas-Álvarez F. J. , Blanco-Claraco J. L. , Torres-Moreno J. L. , Giménez-Fernández A.G.
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo presenta el modelado y control completo del sistema Drive-by-Wire de un vehículo urbano eléctrico. Dicho sistema comprende el mecanismo de dirección, la aceleración y el freno del vehículo. El modelado se ha realizado empleando funciones de transferencia de bajo orden haciendo uso de modelos de “caja negra”. En lo referente al control, todos los controladores desarrollados son del tipo PID en sus distintas configuraciones. Los actuadores de corriente continua acoplados a la dirección y freno se controlan mediante un sistema de control en cascada mientras que la aceleración está controlada por un sistema de planificación de ganancias. El código del proyecto se encuentra disponible en la plataforma Github. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la validez de los modelos obtenidos, así como la eficacia de los controladores desarrollados.
As contribuições da abordagem Pikler-Lóczy para a constituição de uma pedagogia para os bebês: uma análise dos princípios orientadores
Authors: Dalledone Giovanna Castro , Coutinho Ângela Scalabrin
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo, fruto de uma revisão de literatura de cunho qualitativo, tem como objetivo analisar os princípios orientadores da abordagem Pikler-Lóczy. O corpus de análise foi constituído por artigos, monografias, dissertações e teses que tratam da abordagem. A partir da produção analisada identificaram-se quatro princípios orientadores: 1) o profundo respeito pelo bebê e sua individualidade, reconhecendo-o como sujeito de direitos; 2) a valoração da atividade autônoma do bebê, baseada em suas próprias iniciativas, aliada ao foco no desenvolvimento gradativo da autonomia; 3) a importância do vínculo entre adulto e bebê, construído com base em uma relação afetiva privilegiada e de qualidade nos momentos de cuidados; 4) a liberdade de movimentos, para um brincar livre e uma livre exploração de si mesmo e do entorno. Pôde-se concluir que tais princípios constituem a grande contribuição da pediatra Emmi Pikler ao campo da Educação Infantil atual, no sentido de levar à ressignificação da pedagogia para/com os bebês de 0 a 3 anos, indicando que as práticas pedagógicas nessa faixa etária se orientem por dois pilares: o cuidado e as relações.
On the role of trend and variability of hydroxyl radical (OH) in the global methane budget
Authors: Zhao Yuanhong , Saunois Marielle , Bousquet Philippe , Lin Xin , Berchet Antoine , Hegglin Michaela I. , Canadell Josep G. , Jackson Robert B. , Deushi Makoto , Jöckel Patrick , Kinnison Douglas , Kirner Ole , Strode Sarah , Tilmes Simone , Dlugokencky Edward J. , Zheng Bo
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Decadal trends and interannual variations in the hydroxyl radical (OH), while poorly constrained at present, are critical for understanding the observed evolution of atmospheric methane (CH4). Through analyzing the OH fields simulated by the model ensemble of the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), we find (1) the negative OH anomalies during the El Niño years mainly corresponding to the enhanced carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from biomass burning and (2) a positive OH trend during 1980–2010 dominated by the elevated primary production and the reduced loss of OH due to decreasing CO after 2000. Both two-box model inversions and variational 4D inversions suggest that ignoring the negative anomaly of OH during the El Niño years leads to a large overestimation of the increase in global CH4 emissions by up to 10 Tg yr−1 to match the observed CH4 increase over these years. Not accounting for the increasing OH trends given by the CCMI models leads to an underestimation of the CH4 emission increase by ~ 23 Tg yr−1 from 1986 to 2010. The variational inversion estimated CH4 emissions show that the tropical regions contribute most to the uncertainties related to OH. This study highlights the significant impact of climate and chemical feedbacks related to OH on the top-down estimates of the global CH4 budget.
Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation in a superparameterized GCM: effects of air-sea coupling and ocean mean state
Authors: Gao Yingxia , Klingaman Nicholas P. , DeMott Charlotte A. , Hsu Pang-Chi
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The effect of air-sea coupling on the simulated boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is examined using atmosphere—ocean-mixed-layer coupled (SPCAM3-KPP) and uncoupled configurations of the Super-Parameterized (SP) Community Atmospheric Model, version 3 (SPCAM3). The coupled configuration is constrained to either the observed ocean mean state or the mean state from the SP coupled configuration with a dynamic ocean (SPCCSM3), to understand the effect of mean state biases on the BSISO in the latter. All configurations overestimate summer mean subtropical rainfall and its intraseasonal variance. All configurations simulate realistic BSISO northward propagation over the Indian Ocean and western Pacific, in common with other SP configurations. Constraining SPCAM3-KPP to the SPCCSM3 mean state reduces the overestimated BSISO variability, but also weakens BSISO propagation. Using the SPCCSM3 mean state also introduces a one-month delay to the BSISO seasonal cycle compared to SPCAM3-KPP with the observed ocean mean state, which matches well with the reanalysis. The phase relationship between intraseasonal rainfall and sea surface temperature (SST) is captured by all coupled models, but with a shorter delay between suppressed convection and warm SST relative to the reanalysis. Prescribing the 31-day smoothed SSTs from the SPCAM3-KPP simulations in SPCAM3 worsens the overestimated BSISO variance. This suggests that air-sea coupling improves the amplitude of the simulated BSISO. Based on a Taylor diagram, SPCCSM3 mean state SST biases and air-sea coupling both lead to higher simulated BSISO fidelity, largely due to their ability to suppress the overestimated subtropical BSISO variance.
Extended enthalpy formulations in the ice flow model ISSM version 4.17: discontinuous conductivity and anisotropic SUPG
Authors: Rückamp Martin , Humbert Angelika , Kleiner Thomas , Morlighem Mathieu , Seroussi Helene
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The thermal state of an ice sheet is an important control on its past and future evolution. Some parts of the ice sheets may be polythermal, leading to discontinuous properties at the cold–temperate transition surface (CTS). These discontinuities require a careful treatment in ice sheet models (ISMs). Additionally, the highly anisotropic geometry of the 3D elements in ice sheet modelling poses a problem for stabilization approaches in advection dominated problems. Here, we present extended enthalpy formulations within the finite-element Ice Sheet System Model (ISSM) that show a better performance to earlier implementations. In a first polythermal-slab experiment, we found that the treatment of the discontinuous conductivities at the CTS with a geometric mean produce more accurate results compared to the arithmetic or harmonic mean. This improvement is particularly efficient when applied to coarse vertical resolutions. In a second ice dome experiment, we find that the numerical solution is sensitive to the choice of stabilization parameters in the well-established Streamline Upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) method. As standard literature values for the SUPG stabilization parameter are not accounting for the highly anisotropic geometry of the 3D elements in ice sheet modelling, we propose a novel Anisotropic SUPG (ASUPG) formulation. This formulation circumvents the problem of high aspect-ratio by treating the horizontal and vertical directions separately in the stabilization coefficients. The ASUPG method provides accurate results for the thermodynamic equation on geometries with very small aspect ratios like ice sheets.
La identidad en un objeto técnico: el ascensor residencial en las escalas arquitectural y urbana
Authors: Vergara Vidal Jorge Eduardo
Published: April 2020

Mediante observaciones etnográficas, entrevistas y análisis documental, este trabajo estudia los enlazamientos entre lo social y lo técnico que se producen en la identidad de un ascensor en la medida en que se desplaza entre situaciones urbanas de diferente escala. Se observa que su identidad, lejos de ser estable, es constantemente reconfigurada, y constituye un conector que facilita su coherencia en cada situación. La relación entre identidad y coherencia puede verificar el efecto que la variación escalar tiene sobre los objetos técnicos y sobre las relaciones entre la sociedad y la tecnología en las ciudades.
Liderazgo político femenino: una comparativa del tratamiento mediático de la primera semana de mandato de Ana Botella y Manuela Carmena
Authors: Carrascosa Puertas Lara
Published: April 2020

En las elecciones de 2015, solo el 19,09% de las alcaldías de España fueron ocupadas por una mujer. Ana Botella y Manuela Carmena son las únicas alcaldesas que ha tenido Madrid y posee perfiles vitales y políticos muy diferentes. Sin embargo, los estereotipos de género están tan profundamente enraizados en el imaginario colectivo que pensamos que la cobertura realizada de su primera semana de mandato en El Mundo, El País, ABC y La Razón coincide en varios encuadres de género: ambas son personas cercanas, amables, son marionetas de otra persona (un hombre, en ambos casos) y no tienen preparación suficiente para el puesto. Mediante un análisis cualitativo de los textos que mencionan o contienen ilustraciones de ambas mujeres, encontramos que en Carmena, además, se produce una significativa diferencia cualitativa y cuantitativa en sus atributos negativos, sobre todo en los periódicos de ideología más conservadora, en lo que sería un encuadre por línea editorial o cabeceras. Así, encontramos que dentro de esta comparación intragénero perviven diferencias que radican en lo ideológico y en el hecho de que la propiedad de los medios pertenece a la élite económica de España; hay coincidencias en la utilización del frame de género al servicio de la línea editorial de cada rotativo.
El Emprendimiento Social en el marco de la Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: García Alonso Roberto , Thoene Ulf , Figueroa Ana María , Murillo Amaris Edwin
Published: April 2020

En los últimos años ha habido un creciente interés por el emprendimiento social aun cuando existe cierta confusión o controversia sobre su significado. La mayoría de la literatura reconoce la importancia de la articulación de diversos factores dentro de un ecosistema favorable. Pese a esto, aún son muy escasos los estudios relativos a esta materia en el ámbito latinoamericano. Es por ello por lo que este artículo vincula la importancia de la Alianza del Pacifico, como espacio de integración regional para la promoción de este tipo de iniciativas. A partir del análisis de sus documentos oficiales y de entrevistas a responsables de toma de decisiones se identificaron factores que dentro del marco de la Alianza del Pacífico facilitan la consolidación de procesos de emprendimiento social.
Pedagogy, which does not exist. By the way, consider a publication
Authors: Nalaskowski Aleksander
Published: April 2020

The article is a review of the book of Beatata Cyboran„Animacja w systemie zależności instytucjonalnych. Uwarunkowania rozwoju animacji społeczno-kulturalnej na tle polskiej polityki kulturalnej po 1989 roku”.
Review Democratic Education by Amy Gutmann,
Authors: Rybińska Jolanta
Published: April 2020

.
Safety Management of Textile Products in the European Union and Estimation of its Efficiency. Part 2
Authors: Salerno-Kochan Renata , Kowalski Mateusz
Published: April 2020

This paper presents the second part of an analysis aimed to show the reasons for which textiles are among the consumer products most commonly notified as dangerous on the EU market. In the first part, the authors performed a synthetic review of legal regulations regarding safety requirements for clothing and textile products and carried out an analysis of the RAPEX alert system database in order to identify the origin of textiles representing a serious risk and evaluate the activity of EU countries in reporting dangerous textiles in this system. In the present part, the authors have focused on the main threats posed by textiles and analysed the RAPEX notifications mainly in terms of the nature of risk the textiles pose. It was shown that the main sources of serious risks are cords, drawstrings and small accessories in children’s clothes, as well as chemical hazards, attributed mainly to the presence of dangerous aromatic amines and some heavy metals; they are the second most common risk category posed by these products.
Noise Source Identification Method for a Warp Machine Based on MEEMD_AIC
Authors: Yang Xu , Ziyu Zhang , Angang Li , Xiaowei Sheng
Published: April 2020

In order to recognise the noise source of a warp knitting machine, a method based on Modified Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEEMD) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) is proposed. The MEEMD_AIC method is applied to measure the noise signal of a warp knitting machine and analyse every single effective component selected. Noise source identification is realised by combining the vibration signal characteristics of the main parts of the warp knitting machine. Firstly, MEEMD is used to decompose the measured noise signal of the warp knitting machine into a finite number of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components. Then, singular value decomposition (SVD) is performed on the covariance matrix of the component matrix to get the eigen value of the matrix. Next, the number of effective components is estimated based on the AIC criterion, and the effective components are selected by combining the energy characteristic index and the Pearson correlation coefficient method. The results show that the noise signal of the warp knitting machine is a mixture of multiple noise source signals. The main noise sources of the warp knitting machine, including the vibration of the pulling roller, the main shaft of the loop forming mechanism and the push rod of the guide bar traverse the mechanism, provide theoretical support for recognition of the active noise reduction of the warp knitting machine using the MEEMD_AIC method.
Fabric Defect Detection Using the Sensitive Plant Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Fathu Nisha M. , Vasuki P. , Mohamed Mansoor Roomi S.
Published: April 2020

Fabric quality control and defect detection are playing a crucial role in the textile industry with the development of high customer demand in the fashion market. This work presents fabric defect detection using a sensitive plant segmentation algorithm (SPSA) which, is developed with the sensitive behaviour of the sensitive plant biologically named “mimosa pudica”. This method consists of two stages: The first stage enhances the contrast of the defective fabric image and the second stage segments the fabric defects with the aid of the SPSA. The SPSA proposed was developed for defective pixel identification in non-uniform patterns of fabrics. In this paper, the SPSA was built through checking with devised conditions, correlation and error probability. Every pixel was checked with the algorithm developed to be marked either a defective or non-defective pixel. The SPSA proposed was tested on different types of fabric defect databases, showing a much improved performance over existing methods.
Operational Qualification of the Individualisation of Protective Clothing Design Based on the 3D Scanning Technique
Authors: Grabowska Grażyna , Struszczyk Marcin , Błaszczyk Joanna , Woźniakowska Małgorzata
Published: April 2020

The object of the publication is to present the validation process stage (operational qualification) of developed assumptions for customised clothing manufactured in industrial conditions. 12 special clothes were made and adjusted to the individual dimensions of firefighters’ silhouettes obtained in the 3D scanning process as well as 12 special clothes adjusted to selected size subgroups after the 3D scanning process from the same identified group of 12 firefighters. Two batches of clothes having undergone the installation qualification were submitted for testing in real conditions (operational qualification). Then, on the basis of data collected from the ongoing functional tests, a batch of six sets of individualised special clothing for the Fire Service was produced in industrial conditions (changing the manufacturer and model of the clothing). A positive result of validation (operational qualification) of this batch of clothing in functional tests conducted in real conditions will allow its introduction to industry through training in production plants and procedures of individualisation of advanced protective clothing design for people working in environments with a high degree of risk to health and life. The individualisation of protective clothing design, through a better fit of the size of the clothing to the body of the user, will significantly affect the comfort of use, ergonomics of the clothing, and the safety of the user.
Eine Roadmap zur Gründung einer Europäischen Politischen Union (EPU) – Sechs Etappen zu ihrer Verwirklichung
Authors: Mavrakos Christos
Published: April 2020

Immer wieder kommt es vor, dass europäische Politiker den Standpunkt vertreten, die EU solle sich bezogen auf ihren heutigen Entwicklungsstand viel weiterreichende Ziele in ihrem politischen Aktionsradius setzen. Dabei scheiden sich die Geister, inwieweit die Verfolgung dieser Ziele zuallererst eine umfassende Überarbeitung der aktuellen institutionellen Struktur der EU, einschließlich der Verabschiedung einer durch föderale Züge gekennzeichneten Verfassung, voraussetzt. Lähmend wirken sich darüber hinaus die in 2005 in Frankreich und den Niederlanden gescheiterten Volksabstimmungen über das Projekt einer Verfassung für Europa aus. Das Gespenst dieser Rückschläge scheint weiter um das europäische Haus zu streifen und dessen politische Elite zu verfolgen. Um aus dieser Pattsituation herauszukommen, geht der vorliegende Beitrag zunächst davon aus, dass die Entscheidung in eine höhere Stufe der europäischen Integration, eine sogenannte "Europäische Politische Union“, überzugehen, von jedem einzelnen Mitgliedstaat eigenständig und nach seinem eigenen nationalen Interesse zu treffen ist. Der Beitrag stellt dann denjenigen Mitgliedstaaten, die sich für einen solchen Übergang aussprechen würden, eine für die Realisierung dieses Projekts geeignete und aus sechs Etappen bestehende Roadmap zur Verfügung. Dabei geht es vorwiegend darum, die nötige inner- und zwischenstaatliche demokratische Legitimität, wie auch eine erhöhte Effizienz, des Verfahrens zu gewährleisten.
Schuldenhilfen als Instrument zur Bekämpfung kommunaler Haushaltsprobleme – ein europaweiter Vergleich
Authors: Person Christian
Published: April 2020

In vielen Ländern weltweit verfügen Kommunen über Finanzautonomie. Sie können autonom Steuern erheben, Ausgaben tätigen oder Kredite aufnehmen. Das Recht, sich zu verschulden, birgt jedoch das Risiko, zahlungsunfähig zu werden. Insbesondere im Zuge der internationalen Finanzkrise 2007/2008 gerieten viele Kommunalhaushalte rund um den Globus in finanzielle Schieflagen, auch in Deutschland. Eine Möglichkeit, auf kommunale Haushaltskrisen zu reagieren, besteht in der Bereitstellung von Entschuldungshilfen. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert der vorliegende Beitrag, inwiefern solche bailouts kommunaler Schulden ein geeignetes Instrument zur Bekämpfung lokaler Haushaltsprobleme sein können. Hierzu werden in einem ersten Schritt Vorzüge und Schwachpunkte entsprechender Finanzhilfen aus theoretischer Sicht beleuchtet. Anschließend wird die Verbreitung und Ausgestaltung von Schuldenhilfen im europäischen Vergleich dargestellt. Auf dieser Basis werden Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung kommunaler bailouts abgeleitet.
Bewertung eines entgegenstehenden Kindeswillens in Umgangsfragestellungen durch Sachverständige
Authors: Fahrendholz Lisa , Zumbach Jelena
Published: April 2020

An psychologische Sachverständige wird von Familiengerichten in Umgangskonflikten, in denen Kinder einen umgangsverweigernden Kindeswillen zum Ausdruck bringen, häufig die Frage herangetragen, wie der Umgang zum Wohle des Kindes gestaltet werden sollte und ob er gegen seinen Willen durchzusetzen ist oder nicht. Um dies beantworten zu können, ist einerseits ein einzelfallbezogenes Verständnis der psychologischen Prozesse erforderlich, die das Kind zu einer Verweigerungshaltung bewegen. Andererseits bedarf es Kenntnisse empirischer Befunde als Referenzrahmen. In diesem Beitrag wird, aufbauend auf familienrechtspsychologischen Erklärungsmodellen zur Entstehung eines Kindeswillens, ein Überblick über empirische Befunde zu a) dem Konstrukt des Kindeswillens, b) den Auswirkungen hochkonflikthafter Elterntrennungen auf die kindliche Entwicklung und die Entstehung von Willenshaltungen sowie c) die Bedeutung der Kontakt- und Beziehungsgestaltung nach einer Elterntrennung unter verschiedenen Bedingungen gegeben. Eine fachpraktische Fallvignette wird vor diesem Hintergrund beispielhaft vorgestellt und bewertet. Konsequenzen für sachverständige Empfehlungen auf Basis der empirischen Befundlage und zukünftige Forschungsimplikationen werden diskutiert.
"Ewiger Trost und gute Hoffnung"
Authors: Dagenbach Marcel
Published: April 2020

This volume examines the structurally parallel texts of 1 and 2 Thessalonians from an eschatological perspective. This helps a better understanding of the literary relationship of the two letters and to prove 1 Thessalonians as a pre-text of 2 Thessalonians. A dense structure of connections between corresponding sections becomes visible and enables new approaches to the intention of the author of 2 Thessalonians.

Among the motifs whose contemporary and religio-historical background is examined, the Eleusinian Mysteries are particularly mentioned. Not least from the connotations of "anti-god" and "adversary", Dagenbach concludes a composition between 66 and 70 AD – uncommonly early for a pseudepigraph.
Der Rechtsschutz der Medien bei sitzungspolizeilichen Verfügungen im Strafprozess
Authors: Schnatz Kolja
Published: April 2020

Media orders by police power in court are issued in a complex field of tension in which the divergent interests of the media conflict with those of the administration of criminal justice. The lack of legal remedies for media representatives seems to disturb the constitutional balance in this area of tension. How can the media carry out its vital tasks for the liberal-democratic constitution if it is currently unclear which legal remedies are permitted in addition to the extraordinary legal remedy of the constitutional complaint?

Kolja Schnatz examines the legal protection decree of Article 19.4 sentence 1 of the Basic Law and then works out how a possible legal remedy for the protection of the media could be designed.