bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time trends in mechanical thrombectomy (2017–2021): do real-world data reflect advances in evidence?
Authors: Riegler Christoph , Rücker Viktoria , von Rennenberg Regina , Bollweg Kerstin , Cheng Bastian , Alegiani Anna C. , Flottmann Fabian , Schnieder Marlena , Ernst Marielle , Pfeilschifter Waltraud , Kraemer Christoffer , Mühl-Benninghaus Ruben , Tiedt Steffen , Kellert Lars , Zimmermann Hanna , Bode Felix J. , Petzold Gabor C. , Dorn Franziska , Berrouschot Jörg , Bormann Albrecht , Bernkopf Kathleen , Wunderlich Silke , Boeckh-Behrens Tobias , Petersen Martina , Krause Lars Udo , Lowens Stephan , Audebert Heinrich J. , Siebert Eberhard , Heuschmann Peter U. , Nolte Christian H.
Published: February 2025

Background

In recent years, we have witnessed a continuous, evidence-based expansion of indications for endovascular therapy (EVT) in the treatment of ischaemic stroke, driven by advancements in extended time windows and target vessel occlusion. Our study aimed to evaluate the temporal changes in patients’ characteristics, treatment, and outcomes in clinical practice.

Methods

We used data from the German Stroke Registry, a large national multicentre prospective registry, which includes all patients receiving EVT for ischaemic stroke at its participating centers. We analysed baseline factors, treatment details, and clinical outcomes [Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months] over a 5-year period (2017–2021).

Results

We included 6,251 patients from eight centres. Over time, the characteristics of patients undergoing EVT changed in several aspects (2017 vs. 2021). Patients became older (median age from 76 [IQR: 65–82] to 77 [65–84 years]; ptrend = 0.02), and less severely affected (NIHSS from 15 [11–19] to 13 [8–18]; ptrend <0.001). There was an increase in patients treated more than 6 h after last seen well (22.0% to 28.3%; ptrend<0.001), and more patients were treated for medium vessel occlusion (16.1% to 28.1%; ptrend<0.001). The use of intravenous thrombolysis decreased (52.4% to 40.4%; ptrend<0.01). Good functional outcome declined (percentage of patients with mRS ≤ 2 from 36.0 to 34.9%; aOR 0.94 per year [0.89–0.99]), while mortality at 3 months increased from 25.3% in 2017 to 34.7% in 2021; aOR 1.13 per year [1.07–1.19].

Conclusion

Between 2017 and 2021, there were significant shifts in the demographic and clinical profiles of patients undergoing EVT, along with an expansion in EVT indications. Despite these patients presenting with less severe stroke symptoms, improvements in functional outcomes were not observed, and mortality rates increased. These trends may reflect willingness to treat patients with more severe underlying health conditions.
Affective touch enhances low gamma activity during hand proprioceptive perception in children with different neurodevelopmental conditions
Authors: Sabater-Gárriz Álvaro , Mingorance José Antonio , Mestre-Sansó Francesc , Canals Vicent , Bleyenheuft Yannick , Montoya Pedro , Riquelme Inmaculada
Published: February 2025

Background

Gamma wave activity in the sensorimotor cortex is a critical neural mechanism associated with proprioceptive processing, which is essential for motor coordination, balance, and spatial orientation. The modulation of gamma oscillations by different types of tactile stimuli, including affective touch, is not well understood, particularly in children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorder.

Aims

This study aims to explore how affective touch influences gamma oscillatory activity and proprioceptive performance in children with typical development, cerebral palsy and autism spectrum disorders.

Methods and procedures

EEG data were recorded from participants during passive wrist mobilizations under three conditions: following an affective touch stimulus, after a non-affective touch stimulus, and with no tactile stimulation. Time-frequency analysis of low gamma activity (30–45 Hz) on the left somatosensory cortex was conducted for each condition. Proprioceptive performance was assessed through participants’ accuracy in identifying wrist positions. Proprioception and pleasantness of affective and non-affective touch were also assessed.

Results

Affective touch increased proprioceptive gamma power density. Children with cerebral palsy had poorer proprioception and higher brain gamma power density for processing movement than children with typical development or autism, and their proprioception worsened with non-affective touch.

Conclusion and implications

These findings highlight the potential of affective touch to modulate gamma oscillatory activity and enhance proprioceptive function, particularly in children with cerebral palsy. The results underscore the importance of incorporating emotionally meaningful sensory inputs in therapeutic interventions to support proprioceptive and motor function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Impact of nutritional screening on mortality and intensive care unit length of stay
Authors: Díaz Chavarro Blanca Cecilia , Romero-Saldaña Manuel , Assis Reveiz Jorge Karim , Molina-Recio Guillermo
Published: February 2025

Background

Nutritional assessment is a fundamental part of the treatment of patients hospitalized in the ICU, allowing the implementation of interventions appropriate to the identified requirements. Since the risk of malnutrition is a modifiable factor, its correct management can positively influence hospital evolution. This study aims to test the impact of the incorporation of nutritional screening and assessment on mortality and length of stay in patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit in Cali, Colombia, during the years 2019 and 2021–2022.

Methods

This is a historical cohort epidemiological study where one cohort consisted of 114 patients who received a standard nutritional screening (interpretation of body mass index and its clinical impression). The other cohort of 630 patients was those exposed to screening with the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) scale. Hematological, clinical, and nutritional variables were considered and their relationship with adverse events, length of hospital stay, and discharge status.

Results

There were significant differences between the two cohorts (p < 0.001), with increased mortality and length of hospital stay in patients who received standard nutritional screening without MUST. Furthermore, there was a greater presence of enteral support, diarrhea, anemia, leukocytosis, and lymphopenia in this cohort.

Conclusion

Implementing the MUST screening method and specific nutritional interventions resulted in a significant improvement in patient mortality figures. In addition, the predictive mortality model revealed that emesis and leukopenia increased the probability of death.
Natural compounds in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review of hormonal regulation and therapeutic potential
Authors: Yuan Jingyi , Li Zhenmin , Yu Yongjiang , Wang Xiuge , Zhao Yunyun
Published: February 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted endocrine disorder characterized by irregularities in gonadotropin secretion, hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology. In addition, it is often associated with metabolic dysfunctions, most notably insulin resistance (IR). This disorder affects approximately 6–20% of individuals, primarily emerging during early adolescence, and considerably increases the risk of conditions such as impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, endometrial cancer, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and postpartum complications. To date, there is no standardized protocol for treating PCOS. Existing therapies primarily rely on personalized pharmacotherapy and lifestyle modifications. However, these treatments may often lead to adverse effects, and most medications prescribed for PCOS are used off-label and have not secured approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specifically for this condition. Recently, natural compounds have garnered considerable attention due to their efficacy in hormone modulation and minimal toxicity. Substances such as myo-inositol, resveratrol, berberine, and quercetin have shown promise in mitigating PCOS symptoms. Their multi-target properties offer the potential to achieve outcomes unattainable by single-target pharmaceuticals, particularly in managing heterogeneous conditions. This review aims to comprehensively analyze in vivo and in vitro research alongside clinical interventions to evaluate the influence of natural compounds on the prevalence of PCOS and their therapeutic potential. These investigations lay the groundwork for developing innovative therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of thrombus prevention strategies after abdominal and pelvic cancer surgery: Bayesian network based meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Shiran , Guo Sitong , Yao Yucheng , He Ying , Xu Dandan , Su Henghai , Chen Xiaoyu , Meng Haoru
Published: February 2025

Background

The occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after abdominal and pelvic cancer surgery increases the risk of mortality and disability. However, there is insufficient evidence supporting the choice of anticoagulation strategies.

Methods

We searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials from inception to January 2024. Studies concerning thrombosis prevention after abdominal and pelvic surgery were included. Network meta-analysis(NMA) and direct meta-analysis (DMA) methods were employed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various prophylactic strategies.

Results

Twenty clinical trials involving a total of 4923 patients were included. The DMA results showed that low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was more effective in preventing VTE compared to no treatment (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.19), and LMWH plus physiotherapy was more effective than LMWH (OR = 10.95; 95% CI: 1.33 to 90.40). The NMA results indicated that DOACs (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.76) and LMWH (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.32 to 0.77) were significantly effective in preventing venous thrombosis compared with no treatment. The cumulative ranking probability curve (SUCRA) showed that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were the best intervention. In terms of major bleeding, unfractionated heparin (UFH) had a higher risk than LMWH, physiotherapy, and no treatment, with statistically significant differences. The SUCRA analysis indicated that physiotherapy was the best intervention for major bleeding.

Conclusion

Existing evidence suggests that DOACs can provide better thromboprophylaxis efficacy for patients after abdominal and pelvic cancer surgery, achieving an optimal balance between efficacy and safety. LMWH has become an intervention with efficacy second only to DOACs, with similar safety.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024513090.
Androgen receptor dynamics in prostate cancer: from disease progression to treatment resistance
Authors: Li Caihong , Cheng Dongkai , Li Peng
Published: February 2025

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men worldwide, especially in those over 65, and is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The disease typically advances from an androgen-dependent state to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which poses significant treatment challenges. The androgen receptor (AR) on the X chromosome is a central driver in this process, activating genes that govern proliferation and survival. Mutations and amplifications of the AR are closely associated with disease progression and treatment resistance. While traditional therapies such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and AR antagonists like enzalutamide have been effective, resistance persists due to reactivation of AR signaling through mechanisms like ligand-independent activation. Recent research highlights the role of epigenetic modifications in enhancing AR activity and drug resistance. The tumor microenvironment, particularly interactions with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), further complicates treatment by promoting aggressive tumor behavior and immune evasion. Future directions include developing next-generation AR antagonists, identifying AR-related biomarkers for personalized therapy, and exploring combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additionally, basal cell-lumen-derived organoids provide innovative models that can enhance understanding and treatment strategies in prostate cancer.
Neoandrographolide inhibits mature osteoclast differentiation to alleviate bone loss and treat osteoporosis
Authors: Tang Kai , Deng Wei , Huang Zhiying , Chen Simin , Zhu Zilin , Lin Shukun , Zhong Lubin , Zheng Quanxin , Zhao Wenhua , Zhang Zhida , Mo Ling
Published: February 2025

Background

Osteoporosis (OP), as the prevalent systemic metabolic bone disease worldwide, progresses insidiously and slowly. The clinical discomfort and complications associated with OP impose a significant burden on patients. Therefore, finding more effective treatments for OP remains an urgent challenge.

Method

We first conducted in vitro experiments to determine whether Neoandrographolide (NEO) exhibits cytotoxic or proliferative effects on bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and to explore the specific timeframe during which NEO exerts its inhibitory action on osteoclast (OC) differentiation. Through Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, we examined the relative expression levels of genes and proteins associated with OC differentiation like CTSK,c-Fos,MMP9,NFATc1, and verified the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we performed in vivo experiments to further investigate the inflammation.

Results

NEO exhibits no significant cytotoxic effects on BMMs at concentrations less than or equal to 30 μM while exerting inhibitory effects on OC differentiation during its early and middle stages. RT-PCR and Western blot results reveal that NEO suppresses the expression of genes and proteins including CTSK,c-Fos,MMP9,NFATc1. Western blot findings also indicate that NEO inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK, P38, JNK, and P65 but does not reverse the degradation of IκB-α. Additionally, NEO affects the phosphorylation of proteins in the PI3K/AKT, GSK3β, and PPARγ signaling pathways, demonstrating that NEO can inhibit OC formation through multiple pathways and targets. In vivo experiments further validated the in vitro findings by constructing an OP model, showing that NEO can mitigate bone loss induced by OC differentiation.

Conclusion

NEO has the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent for OP by targeting multiple sites and inhibiting the formation of mature OC through various signaling pathways.
FBR2 modulates ferroptosis via the SIRT3/p53 pathway to ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Cheng Yu , Jiao Yang , Wei Wan , Kou Mengjia , Cai Yaodong , Li Yang , Li Hao , Liu Tonghua
Published: February 2025

Background

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), an interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, remains incurable with current therapies, which fail to halt disease progression or restore lung function. However, Feibi Recipe No. 2 (FBR2), a clinically validated traditional Chinese medicine formula, exhibits potential as an IPF treatment.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of FBR2 on ferroptosis through the SIRT3/p53 pathway and its therapeutic potential in improving IPF.

Methods

Pulmonary fibrosis was induced in C57BL/6J mice by intratracheal instillation of Bleomycin (BLM), followed by FBR2 treatment via gavage. Assessments encompassed histopathology, ELISA for cytokine detection, IHC and Western blot for protein expression analysis, and qRT-PCR for gene expression quantification. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe mitochondrial morphology. The roles of Erastin and the SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP were also explored to elucidate FBR2’s mechanisms of action.

Results

FBR2 treatment significantly mitigated BLM-induced lung injury in mice, as evidenced by improved body weight and survival rates, and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α. FBR2 decreased collagen deposition in lung tissue, as shown by Masson’s staining and IHC detection of Col-I and α-SMA, confirming its anti-fibrotic effects. It also reduced iron and MDA levels in lung tissue, increased GSH-Px activity, improved mitochondrial morphology, and enhanced the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11, indicating its ferroptosis-inhibitory capacity. Furthermore, FBR2 increased SIRT3 levels and suppressed p53 and its acetylated forms, promoting the translocation of p53 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it co-localized with SIRT3. The protective effects of FBR2 were reversed by Erastin, confirming the central role of ferroptosis in pulmonary fibrosis treatment. The use of 3-TYP further confirmed FBR2’s intervention in ferroptosis and cellular senescence through the SIRT3/p53 pathway.

Conclusion

FBR2 shows therapeutic potential in a BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model, with its effects mediated through modulation of the ferroptosis pathway via the SIRT3/p53 mechanism. This study provides novel evidence for the targeted treatment of IPF and offers further insights into its pathogenesis.
Exploring information technology utilization and needs in community pharmacies: a cross-sectional survey in Shanghai, China
Authors: Li Qin , Jin Zhao , Liao Yun , Dai Huihua , Meng Jie , Li Ling
Published: February 2025

Background

Community pharmacists are critical in managing medication therapy and ensuring patient safety. However, in many countries, including China, challenges such as limited access to real-time patient data, fragmented communication systems, and underdeveloped clinical decision-support tools hinder the effectiveness of pharmacy services. Integrating information technology (IT) into community pharmacies can improve medication management by providing timely access to patient information, enhancing medication safety, and facilitating communication with healthcare providers.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the medication management practices of community pharmacists, the existing IT support available, and their specific requirements for IT-assisted medication management in community pharmacies in Shanghai, China.

Methods

An online self-assessment survey was conducted to evaluate the utilization and needs of IT-based medication management among community pharmacists in Shanghai. Demographic data and information on pharmaceutical care practices were collected and analyzed to examine correlations between these factors and the need for IT support.

Results

963 out of 2,178 surveys were completed over 6 months. Nearly all respondents (99.3%) provided at least one type of pharmaceutical care, but only 0.93% offered all types. Regarding current utilization and needs for IT systems, community pharmacists rated access to patient/medication information and digital standardized documentation flow as poor satisfaction with the highest level of needs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that IT needs were significantly associated with time spent in clinical pharmacy practice, time dedicated exclusively to clinical pharmacy, and the number of prescriptions dispensed weekly.

Conclusion

While community pharmacists are key in providing pharmaceutical care, IT support remains inadequate. There is a pressing need for an integrated IT system that offers real-time access to patient medical information, a standardized documentation system, improved clinical decision support software, and enhanced communication with other healthcare providers.
The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of TH1/TH2 cells in older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Teodoro Thiago Henrique , Costa Katerine Palharini Manfrin , Prestes Jonato , Campanholi José , Navalta James , Pereira Guilherme Borges
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cells correlated with increased disease incidence, is well-documented in the older adult. Both acute and chronic exercise induce a transient shift in organic homeostasis, modulating the immune system and impacting the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells. This review investigates the impact of acute and chronic exercise on immune markers of Th1 and Th2 cells in the older adults.

Methods

This study was conducted as a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, and Scopus were searched until March 2024, identifying randomized controlled trials and prospective observational studies that examined the effects of acute and chronic exercise on intracellular and surface markers, cytokines, and immunoglobulins in older adults. Studies involving animal subjects, isolated cells, diseased patients, or exposure to medications and drugs were excluded. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB2), with data organized and presented in tables and figures.

Results

Fourteen studies with 525 participants were included in the analysis. An acute session significantly increased serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels immediately afterward, returning to baseline within 1 hour at moderate to high intensities. Chronic exercise at moderate to high intensities reduced serum TNF-α, IL-6, and the CD4/CD8 ratio, while increasing IL-10 levels after 24 weeks. Intracellular, other surface markers and cytokines, and immunoglobulins were not analyzed.

Conclusion

Chronic exercise decreases serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels, lowers the CD4/CD8 ratio, and increases IL-10 after 24 weeks, aiding Th1 and Th2 balance. Acute exercise temporarily increases serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, returning to baseline within an hour, indicating short-term immune modulation of Th1/Th2 balance.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021244426, Identifier CRD42021244426.
Within- and between-day test–retest reliability of responses to rapid bilateral anterolateral magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation in healthy humans (ReStim)
Authors: Boyle Kyle G. P. J. M. , Beglinger Andrea A. , Häusler Heinrich , Stahel Anna , Schwarz Esther I. , Spengler Christina M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Mechanical ventilation can lead to lung injury and diaphragmatic dysfunction. Rapid bilateral anterolateral magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (rBAMPS) may attenuate both of the aforementioned issues by inducing diaphragm activation. However, in order for rBAMPS to become part of standard of care, the reliability of inspiratory responses to rBAMPS needs to be established.

Methods

Eighteen healthy participants (9F) underwent five blocks of 1-s rBAMPS at 25 Hz starting at 20% of maximal stimulator output with 10% increments. Three blocks were completed on the same day to test within-day reliability, and two additional blocks were each completed on subsequent days to test between-day reliability. Mean transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi,mean), tidal volume (VT), discomfort, pain, and paresthesia were recorded for each rBAMPS. Relative and absolute reliability of both Pdi,mean and VT were quantified by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurements (SEM), respectively. An ordinal regression was used to determine changes of sensory ratings within and between days.

Results

At all stimulator outputs, within-day Pdi,mean displayed “good” reliability (ICC range 0.78–0.89). Between days, Pdi,mean reliability was also “good” (ICC range 0.79–0.87) at stimulator outputs of 20%–50% of maximum, but “moderate” (ICC range 0.56–0.72) at stimulator outputs of 60%–100%. SEM for Pdi,mean within day ranged from 0.9 to 3.4 across tested stimulator outputs and increased on average by 1.4 ± 0.9 between days. The VT reliability was “good” to “excellent” within (ICC range 0.82–0.94) and between (ICC range 0.81–0.96) days at all stimulator outputs. SEM for VT within day ranged from 0.08 to 0.36 and from 0.11 to 0.30 between days and tended to be larger at stimulator outputs greater than 50% of maximum. Subsequent blocks within day were associated with decreased discomfort and pain (P ≤ 0.043), while subsequent days were associated with decreased discomfort and paresthesia (P < 0.001).

Discussion

rBAMPS appears to induce reliable diaphragmatic contractions, while select sensory responses become blunted over repeated stimulations. However, as reliability is slightly lower between days compared to within day, stimulation parameters may need to be adjusted to achieve similar responses on different days.
Functionality of bacterial communities in constructed wetlands used for water purification: influence of root components and seasonality
Authors: Huang Yao , An Weili , Ning Tianzhu , Ma Zhiguang , Li Yuelin , Liu Ke , Ji Lingbo , Liu Hongxiao , Hui Dafeng , Ren Hai
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Constructed wetlands have become crucial ecosystems for the purification of industrial and agricultural water. The health of wetland plants and the efficacy of water purification are strongly influenced by root-associated bacteria. However, our understanding of the functions of bacterial communities in the plant different root components (i.e., rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere) and their impact on water purification is still limited.

Methods

To address this knowledge gap, we employed high-resolution 16S rRNA deep amplicon sequencing to explore the bacterial community structure and assembly within the root components of three plant species (i.e. Iris ensata, Canna indica, and Hymenocallis littoralis) found in constructed wetlands.

Results

Our findings revealed that the pollutant removal efficiency was higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The specific root compartment, plant species, environmental factors, and seasonality significantly influenced the bacterial composition, diversity and abundance. Across all three plant species, Proteobacteria emerged as the dominant bacterial groups in all root components. The abundance and diversity of bacterial communities exhibited a decline from the rhizosphere to the endosphere, accompanied by an increase in the number of distinctive biomarkers from the rhizosphere to the endosphere. The bacterial composition exhibited significant similarity in the rhizosphere in the dry season and the endosphere in the wet season. Bacterial genes in the rhizosphere-rhizoplane were associated with environmental information processing, transportation and metabolism, while those in the rhizoplane-endosphere primarily handle metabolic processes. The bacterial community positively correlated with total nitrogen content, chemical oxygen demand, and NO4+-N in the dry season, while associated with total phosphorus, total organic carbon, and NO3+-N content in the wet season.

Discussion

The structure and function of the bacterial community within the root rhizoplane-endosphere can serve as indicators of the water purification efficacy of constructed wetlands.
A lightweight wheat ear counting model in UAV images based on improved YOLOv8
Authors: Li Ruofan , Sun Xiaohua , Yang Kun , He Zhenxue , Wang Xinxin , Wang Chao , Wang Bin , Wang Fushun , Liu Hongquan
Published: February 2025

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the significant food crops in the world, and the number of wheat ears serves as a critical indicator of wheat yield. Accurate quantification of wheat ear counts is crucial for effective scientific management of wheat fields. To address the challenges of missed detections, false detections, and diminished detection accuracy arising from the dense distribution, small size, and high overlap of wheat ears in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery, we propose a lightweight model, PSDS-YOLOv8 (P2-SPD-DySample-SCAM-YOLOv8), on the basis of the improved YOLOv8 framework, for the accurate detection of wheat ears in UAV images. First, the high resolution micro-scale detection layer (P2) is introduced to enhance the model’s ability to recognize and localize small targets, while the large-scale detection layer (P5) is eliminated to minimize computational redundancy. Then, the Spatial Pyramid Dilated Convolution (SPD-Conv) module is employed to improve the ability of the network to learn features, thereby enhancing the representation of weak features of small targets and preventing information loss caused by low image resolution or small target sizes. Additionally, a lightweight dynamic upsampler, Dynamic Sample (DySample), is introduced to decrease computational complexity of the upsampling process by dynamically adjusting interpolation positions. Finally, the lightweight module Spatial Context-Aware Module (SCAM) is utilized to accurately map the connection between small targets and global features, enhancing the discrimination of small targets from the background. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved PSDS-YOLOv8 model achieves Mean Average Precision(mAP) 50 and mAP50:95 scores of 96.5% and 55.2%, which increases by 2.8% and 4.4%, while the number of parameters is reduced by 40.6% in comparison with the baseline YOLOv8 model. Compared to YOLOv5, YOLOv7, YOLOv9, YOLOv10, YOLOv11, Faster RCNN, SSD, and RetinaNet, the improved model demonstrates superior accuracy and fewer parameters, exhibiting the best overall performance. The methodology proposed in this study enhances model accuracy while concurrently reducing resource consumption and effectively addressing the issues of missed and false detections of wheat ears, thereby providing technical support and theoretical guidance for intelligent counting of wheat ears in UAV imagery.
The effect of auditory rhythm on the temporal allocation of visual attention in aging
Authors: Xu Zhihan , Huang Juan , Shen Yuxuan , Ren Yanna , Gao Yulin , Guo Ting
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Isochronous rhythm has been shown to induce temporal expectation, allocated attention to specific points in time to optimize behavioral performance, both within a single modality and across different modalities, in younger adults. However, it remains unclear how an isochronous rhythm in one modality influences the temporal allocation of attention in another modality among older adults. Moreover, whether the cross-modal temporal expectation effect in aging is influenced by tempo has not yet been explored.

Methods

To address these issues, both younger and older participants performed a rhythmic temporal expectation task in which auditory isochronous rhythms, presented at either 600 ms (faster) or 1,400 ms (slower) tempo, were used to trigger temporal expectation for a visual target.

Results

The results demonstrated a cross-modal temporal expectation effect, with participants exhibiting significantly faster responses when the visual target appeared in synchrony with the preceding auditory rhythm compared to out-of-synchrony trials. This effect was evident in both younger and older groups and was not influenced by tempo.

Discussion

These findings suggest that the ability to utilize auditory isochronous rhythms to drive the temporal allocation of visual attention can be preserved in normal aging, highlighting the robustness of cross-modal temporal expectations across both younger and older adults.
Validation of the death reflection scale among older people
Authors: Richter Lukas
Published: February 2025

Background

Human beings possess the capacity to cognize their own mortality, which compels them to process death awareness. The present study seeks to validate the Death Reflection Scale (DRS) among older individuals, which measures growth-oriented cognitions and prosocial behavior following confrontation with death awareness.

Materials and methods

DRS was validated using a cross-sectional online survey of older adults (50+). To assess configural, metric, and scalar measurement equivalence across age groups of older adults, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in conjunction with dynamic fit index cutoffs. Construct validity was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The data were obtained from an online survey. The survey was conducted in May 2023 and people aged 50 and over were recruited from an online panel using quota sampling (by age, gender and federal state). A total of 1,806 individuals completed the survey.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit of the originally proposed 5-factor (CFI 0.949, SRMR 0.058, RMSEA 0.070) and bi-factor model (CFI 0.956, SRMR 0.067, RMSEA 0.067) with a general factor and five subscales. In light of several considerations, it is recommended that the DRS should be considered as a five-factor model, as originally proposed. Alpha ranges from 0.807 to 0.875 and Omega from 0.811 to 0.875, indicating good reliability. Partial scalar invariance was obtained, therefore mean comparisons can be made between groups of older people. Testing the construct validity showed only a partial confirmation. The exploratory analysis of the DRS with the Big Five personality traits revealed a correlation structure that can be plausibly explained by considering the facets of personality traits.

Conclusion

The value of the DRS lies in its perspective that death awareness should not only be viewed as a threat, but rather as a potential for a positive and growth-oriented perspective on death awareness and has been validated for older adults. The present study demonstrated that mean comparisons could be conducted between groups of older adults. Tests of construct validity yielded inconclusive results, indicating the necessity for further analysis.
Microblog discourse analysis for parenting style assessment
Authors: Wei Zihan , Cao Lei , Qiao Zhihong , Luo Fang , Wang Xin , Tian Junrui , Li Qi
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Parents' negative parenting style is an important cause of anxiety, depression, and suicide among university students. Given the widespread use of social media, microblogs offer a new and promising way for non-invasive, large-scale assessment of parenting styles of students' parents.

Methods

In this study, we have two main objectives: (1) investigating the correlation between students' microblog discourses and parents' parenting styles and (2) devising a method to predict students' parenting styles from their microblog discourses. We analyzed 111,258 posts from 575 university students using frequency analysis to examine differences in the usage of topical and emotional word across different parenting styles. Informed by these insights, we developed an effective parenting style assessment method, including a correlation injection module.

Results

Experimental results on the 575 students show that our method outperforms all the baseline NLP methods (including ChatGPT-4), achieving good assessment performance by reducing MSE by 14% to 0.12.

Discussion

Our study provides a pioneering microblog-based parenting style assessment tool and constructs a dataset, merging insights from psychology and computational science. On the one hand, our study advances the understanding of how parenting styles are reflected in the linguistic and emotional expressions of students on microblogs. On the other hand, our study provides an assisting tool that could be used by healthcare institutions to identify students' parenting styles. It facilitates the identification of suicide risk factors among microblog student users, and enables timely interventions to prevent suicides, which enhances human wellbeing and saves lives.
Research progress on Haemophilus parasuis vaccines
Authors: Duan Yu , Hao Yue , Feng Huapeng , Shu Jianhong , He Yulong
Published: February 2025

Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) is the causative agent of porcine Glässer’s disease, which has become prevalent in China in recent years. It is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, arthritis, and meningitis, but often shows mixed infection with other upper respiratory tract pathogens, causing heavy economic losses to the pig industry. Vaccination is an important means to prevent and control HPS infection, and the currently available vaccines are mainly the inactivated type or subunit vaccines containing immunogenic HPS proteins. This study reviews recent advances in HPS vaccines, analyzes the relative effectiveness of the components of subunit vaccines and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each vaccine type. The goal is to provide insights for the development of more effective vaccines against Haemophilus parasuis infections in pigs.
Climate-smart livestock nutrition in semi-arid Southern African agricultural systems
Authors: Fushai Felix , Chitura Teedzai , Oke Oyegunle Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

Climate change is disrupting the semi-arid agricultural systems in Southern Africa, where livestock is crucial to food security and livelihoods. This review evaluates the bioenergetic and agroecological scope for climate-adaptive livestock nutrition in the region. An analysis of the literature on climate change implications on livestock nutrition and thermal welfare in the regional agroecological context was conducted. The information gathered was systematically synthesized into tabular summaries of the fundamentals of climate-smart bioenergetics, thermoregulation, livestock heat stress defence mechanisms, the thermo-bioactive feed components, and potentially climate-smart feed resources in the region. The analysis supports the adoption of climate-smart livestock nutrition when conceptualized as precision feeding combined with dietary strategies that enhance thermal resilience in livestock, and the adaptation of production systems to the decline in availability of conventional feedstuffs by incorporating climate-smart alternatives. The keystone potential climate-smart alternative feedstuffs are identified to be the small cereal grains, such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) as dietary energy sources, the native legumes, such as the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and the marama bean (Tylosema esculentum) as protein sources, wild browse Fabaceae trees such as Vachellia spp. and Colophospermum mopane, which provide dry season and drought supplementary protein, minerals, and antioxidants, the non-fabaceous tree species such as the marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea), from which animals consume the energy and electrolyte-rich fresh fruit or processed pulp. Feedstuffs for potential circular feeding systems include the oilseed cakes from the macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) nut, the castor (Ricinus communis), and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) beans, which are rich in protein and energy, insect feed protein and energy, primarily the black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), and microbial protein from phototrophic algae (Spirulina, Chlorella), and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Additives for thermo-functionally enhanced diets include synthetic and natural anti-oxidants, phytogenics, biotic agents (prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics), and electrolytes. The review presents a conceptual framework for climate-smart feeding strategies that enhance system resilience across the livestock-energy-water-food nexus, to inform broader, in-depth research, promote climate-smart farm practices and support governmental policies which are tailored to the agroecology of the region.
Electrocardiographic changes induced by temperature variations in newly hatched Aperema (Rhinoclemmys punctularia, Daudin, 1801)
Authors: Cardoso Deise de Lima , Braga Brenda Stefany dos Santos , de Araújo Daniella Bastos , da Paz Clarissa Araújo , Eiró-Quirino Luciana , Reis Thaysa de Sousa , de Souza Luana Vasconcelos , Ferreira Rayllan da Cunha , Barbosa Gabriela Brito , de Souza Raíssa Vieira , Deiga Yris da Silva , Hamoy Maria Klara Otake , Guimarães Diva Anelie de Araújo , Hamoy Moisés
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Aperema (Rhinoclemmys punctularia) is a South American semi-aquatic freshwater turtle characterized by a highly curved, dark brown to black carapace and is distributed across Central and South America. Climate change affects freshwater turtles in a number of ways, including temperature, hatchling sex, and survival.

Methods

Therefore, we analyzed temperature variations in these turtles through electrocardiographic recordings, since studies on temperature variations in R. punctularia are limited.

Results and discussion

Electrocardiography (ECG) is a highly relevant diagnostic tool as it allows for precise assessments of cardiac events and is non-invasive. The development of non-invasive ECG measurement methods is crucial for evaluating and maintaining the health of chelonian individuals during veterinary treatment or experimental procedure. Our findings revealed that heart rate is temperature-dependent, showing that lower environmental temperatures result in decreased heart rates. Therefore, we demonstrated through the electrocardiographic patterns observed during the experiment that a reduction in the ambient temperature to which Rhinoclemmys punctularia are exposed can modulate the conductivity and automaticity of cardiac cells, subsequently leading to a decrease in heart rate.
Tick species, tick-borne pathogen distribution and risk factor analysis in border areas of China, Russia and North Korea
Authors: Min Pengfei , Song Jianchen , Zhao Shaowei , Ma Zhen , Meng Yinbiao , Tang Zeyu , Wang Zhenyu , Lin Sicheng , Zhao Fanglin , Liu Meng , Wang Longsheng , Jia Lijun
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Ticks are important ectoparasites of livestock. Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) cause losses to the animal husbandry industry and also present a major hidden danger to public health and safety. However, the tick species and prevalence of TBDs in border regions of China, Russia, and North Korea remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the tick species and tick-borne pathogens endemic in these regions.

Methods

Morphological and molecular identification of ticks was performed by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the distribution of tick species, pathogen, and risk factors of infection were analyzed.

Results

In total, 1,187 ticks were collected from the border areas of 13 localities in eight cities. Five tick species were identified: Haemaphysalis longicornis (39.68%), Ixodes persulcatus (25.36%), Haemaphysalis japonica (15.50%), Dermacentor silvarum (15.42%), and Haemaphysalis concinna (4.04%). There were more female than male ticks, and nymphs were the least frequently collected. I. persulcatus was the main species in the forest environment, while H. longicornis was the main species in grasslands and animal surface. Four pathogens were detected: Rickettsia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, and Babesia.

Discussion

Pathogen detection in ticks differed significantly among the environments and between Sexes. There were significant differences in the proportion of ticks infected with Rickettsia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, and Babesia among regions, species, sexes, and environments. The results of this survey of the tick species in border areas of China, Russia, and North Korea provided a scientific basis for the prevention and control of TBDs.
Tannin alleviated reproductive dysfunction in pregnant ewes infected with Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Li Xin , Xiang Hai , Liang Rong , Han Xinyu , Zhong Rongzhen , Liu Hongyu , Fang Yi
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) infection has a significant impact on the health of pregnant ewes and adversely affects fetal development, highlighting the critical need for a non-toxic feed additive as an alternative and sustainable control strategy. Tannin is a kind of polyphenol compound, which has certain antiparasitic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dietary tannin supplementation on fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), complete blood count (CBC), hormone levels, inflammatory markers, placental inflammation, and fetal growth and development in pregnant ewes infected with H. contortus.

Methods

Hulunbuir ewes were randomly divided into three groups: control group (CON), gastrointestinal nematode infection group (GIN), and tannin group, which was infected by H. contortus with tannin feeding therapy (TAN). After artificial insemination was completed, and the ewes were confirmed for pregnancy and infection; stools were collected for FEC, and blood samples were collected for PCV and CBC, hormonal, and inflammation levels. The mRNA levels of hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis-related hormone receptors and placental tissue inflammation genes were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Finally, fetal weights were measured, and fetal ovarian tissue samples were taken for transcriptomic analysis.

Results

The results showed that tannins increased the levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E2), progesterone (P4), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), red blood cell (RBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), and mRNA levels of gonadotropic axis receptors in pregnant ewes infected with H. contortus (p < 0.05). In addition, tannin reduced fecal egg count (FEC), leukocyte counts, and mRNA levels of inflammatory markers (p < 0.05). In addition, fetal ovarian sequencing further showed that tannin may alleviate the delay in fetal growth and development induced by H. contortus infection (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In summary, tannins have anthelmintic effects, restore reproductive hormone levels in pregnant ewes, reduce inflammation levels, and alleviate fetal growth retardation caused by H. contortus infection. Therefore, tannin is a suitable potential alternative to antibiotics as a feed additive.
Achieving Sustainability and Carbon Emission Reduction Through Agricultural Socialized Services: Mechanism Testing and Spatial Analysis
Authors: Jiang Changyi , Hao Wang , Ma Jiliang , Zhang Huijie
Published: February 2025

Reducing carbon emissions in crop production not only aligns with the goal of high-quality agricultural development but also contributes to achieving the “dual carbon goals”. Based on panel data from 31 provinces in China between 2010 and 2019, this paper explores the impact of Agricultural Socialized Services on carbon emissions in China’s crop production. Utilizing the classical IPCC carbon emission calculation model and spatial econometrics models, this study analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of crop production carbon emissions and their driving factors, with a particular focus on evaluating the role of Agricultural Socialized Services in reducing carbon emissions in crop production. The empirical results reveal a “reverse U-shaped” curve for carbon emissions in crop production from 2010 to 2019, with a peak in 2015. Agricultural Socialized Services significantly reduced carbon emissions in crop production, especially in terms of emissions reductions from fertilizer and pesticide use, although the impact on other carbon sources such as plastic mulch, diesel, and tillage was relatively limited. Furthermore, Agricultural Socialized Services exhibited significant spatial spillover effects, effectively reducing local carbon emissions and generating positive carbon reduction effects in neighboring regions through cross-regional services. Based on these findings, the paper suggests improving the Agricultural Socialized Services system according to regional conditions to fully leverage its positive role in reducing carbon emissions in crop production. It also advocates accelerating the innovation of low-carbon agricultural technologies, encouraging farmers’ participation, and utilizing the organizational advantages of village collectives to jointly promote the development of Agricultural Socialized Services and achieve carbon reduction goals.