bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the effect model of medical service rehabilitation training combined with home care on symptom relief of bipolar disorder patients
Authors: Chen Fan
Published: March 2023

Background

Bipolar affective disorder is a type of mood disorder. According to the characteristics of the attack, its clinical manifestations can be divided into depressive attack, manic attack, and mixed attack. Bipolar disorder patients may have irritability, increased sleep, inattention, more suicidal ideas, and other symptoms, which seriously affect the life quality of patients. The medical model of medical service rehabilitation training combined with family hospitalization focuses on using medical services to improve the effect of patients’ rehabilitation training, and advocates family hospitalization for patients. The study will explore the relieving effect of the medical service model of medical service rehabilitation training combined with family hospitalization on bipolar disorder, in order to provide scientific basis for the clinical treatment of the medical service model of medical service rehabilitation training combined with family hospitalization.

Subjects and Methods

120 patients with bipolar disorder diagnosed in a hospital were selected as research objects, and were divided into control group and experimental group, with 60 people in each group. Both groups received routine drug treatment according to their conditions. The experimental group treated patients on this basis with the medical service rehabilitation training combined with family hospitalization. Before and after the experiment, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Bech-Rafaelsdn Mania Rating Scale (BRMS) were used to evaluate the two groups of patients, and the evaluation results were statistically analyzed.

Results

The clinical effects of the control group and the experimental group after treatment were compared with those of the patients with bipolar disorder before the experiment (P < 0.05). The HAMD and BRMS scores of the experimental group after the experiment were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the clinical effects of the experimental group were more significant than those of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Table 1 shows the comparison of HAMD and BRMS scores of patients before and after the experiment.

Conclusions

The medical service model of medical service rehabilitation training combined with family hospitalization can effectively relieve the symptoms of patients with bipolar disorder, and it is more effective than conventional treatment methods.Table 1.

Comparison of HAMD and BRMS scores of patients before and after the experiment

GroupHAMD scoreBRMS scoreBefore treatmentAfter treatmentBefore treatmentAfter treatmentControl group38.10±8.8422.45±8.92#20.54±6.159.47±6.56#Experimental group40.12±7.0511.65±7.08*#19.28±3.493.71±3.85*#

Note: * indicates that compared with the control group after treatment, P < 0.05; # Compared with that before treatment, P < 0.05.
The clinical effect of strengthening education management combined with psychotropic drugs on schizophrenia in vocational college students
Authors: Zou Lijun
Published: March 2023

Background

Schizophrenia is a group of chronic diseases with unknown causes. It usually starts slowly or subacute in young adults. In clinical practice, it is often manifested as a syndrome with different symptoms, involving various obstacles in perception, thinking, emotion, and behavior, as well as uncoordinated mental activities. Patients are generally conscious and their intelligence is basically normal, but some patients may suffer from cognitive impairment during the disease process. Schizophrenia has a huge impact on the mental health of vocational college students. The study will strengthen education and management and combine psychotropic drugs to conduct clinical treatment of vocational college students’ schizophrenia and observe its effect, so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical treatment of vocational college students’ schizophrenia.

Subjects and Methods

60 students suffering from schizophrenia were selected from several vocational schools and divided into two groups: drug treatment group and combined treatment group. The students in the drug treatment group take conventional psychotic drugs for treatment, while the students in the combined treatment group take conventional psychotic drugs for treatment and also receive strengthened education and management. Before and after treatment, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was used to evaluate the condition of schizophrenia of the two groups of students, and the evaluation results were statistically analyzed.

Results

The MMPI scores of the two groups of students before treatment were 65.32±3.24 and 65.48±3.21 respectively. The MMPI scores of the two groups of students after treatment decreased compared with those before treatment. The average MMPI score of the drug treatment group after treatment was 57.46±3.18, and the average MMPI score of the combined treatment group was 45.83±2.87, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with the scores before the experiment. However, the remission effect of the combined treatment group after treatment was more significant than that of the drug treatment group. Table 1 shows the comparison of MMPI scores between the two groups before and after the experiment.Table 1.

Comparison of MMPI scores of patients before and after the experiment

GroupBefore treatmentAfter treatmentPMedication group65.32±3.2457.46±3.18>0.05Combined treatment group65.48±3.2145.83±2.87<0.05P>0.05>0.05-

Conclusions

Conventional psychotic drug treatment has a certain effect on the remission of schizophrenia in vocational college students, but the treatment plan of strengthening education management and combining psychotic drugs proposed in the study has a more significant effect on the remission of schizophrenia in vocational college students, providing a scientific basis for the clinical treatment of schizophrenia of vocational college students.
Study on the improvement of cognitive function of college students’ psychological depression by the combination of professional quality and psychosocial intervention
Authors: Yang Ling , Chen Yanjie
Published: March 2023

Background

At present, among college students, their psychological state has problems of varying degrees. Serious psychological problems will make students suffer from anxiety and depression and other mental diseases, which will damage their cognitive function, and then seriously affect their learning and life. Therefore, colleges and universities should pay close attention to students’ psychological state and improve the professional quality of teachers and students to help students improve their cognitive function of depression.

Subjects and Methods

93 patients with depression from 3 colleges and universities were selected as the research objects to participate in the experiment of improving the cognitive function of depression by the combination of professional quality and psychosocial intervention in colleges and universities. In the experiment, 93 college students were divided into three groups, 31 in each group, which were the psychosocial intervention group, the intervention group for improving professional quality, and the combination intervention group. Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (ATAI) were used to analyze the anxiety symptoms of college students before and after the experiment.

Results

The SDS scores and ATAI scores of the three groups of patients before and after the experiment are shown in Table 1. Before the experiment, there was no significant difference in the scores of the three groups. After the experiment, the scores of each group decreased to varying degrees, and the effect of the combination intervention group was the most obvious.Table 1.

Comparison results of two groups of patients

Experimental groupingSDSATAIBefore experimentAfter experimentBefore experimentAfter experimentPsychosocial intervention group64.24±3.5152.16±2.5567.12±2.4841.25±2.74Intervention group for improving professional quality63.35±3.1950.15±2.1668.04±3.1740.98±1.95Combination intervention group64.39±3.2742.11±3.4137.59±3.0731.28±1.36

Conclusions

In the research on the improvement of college students’ cognitive function of depression, the experiment successfully helped college students improve their mental status by combining the methods of improving college students’ professional quality with the methods of psychosocial intervention. Therefore, this method can significantly improve students’ cognitive function of depression.
Analysis of the impact of Vlog news media form shaping on audience psychological immersion based on psychological experience process
Authors: He Jingfan , Mohammad Razi Siti Aishah , Ahmad Ghazali Akmar Hayati
Published: March 2023

Background

How to enhance the psychological immersion of the audience is a major concern for the media at this stage. The psychological immersion of the audience not only affects the communication effect and influence of the media but also brings a more positive experience of reality to the audience. This project, therefore, analyses the psychological immersion of the audience based on the psychological experience process of shaping the media form of Vlog news.

Subjects and Methods

In this research, 228 college students were selected as the subjects of the experimental research. The mean age was 21.12±1.67 years, with 146 male students and 82 female students. The general demographic characteristics of all subjects were counted before the experiment and there were no significant differences (P > 0.05). All subjects were divided into a control group and a research group in a completely randomized manner. The control group disseminated news through traditional means, while the research group used a Vlog news medium based on a psychological experience process to disseminate news. The immersion scale was assessed using the Igroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ), which consists of 13 items, with questions 1-5 on the spatial presence (SP) dimension, questions 6-9 on the involvement (INV) dimension, and questions 10-13 on the reality (REAL) dimension. Each item was scored on a scale of 0 to 6, with 0 indicating total disagreement and 6 indicating total agreement.

Results

On the IPQ scale, the mean score of SP dimension was 3.12 ± 0.34 in the control group and 4.87 ± 0.42 in the research group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05); the mean score of INV dimension was 2.53 ± 0.36 in the control group and 4.71 ± 0.38 in the research group, with a significant difference (P < 0.05); the score of REAL dimensions was 2.98 ± 0.28 in the control group and 4.52 ± 0.41 in the research group, with a significant difference. and 4.52 ± 0.41 in the research group, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). See Table 1 for details.Table 1.

Comparison of IPQ scores between the two groups

ItemControl groupResearch groupAverageStandard deviationAverageStandard deviationSP3.120.344.87*0.42INV2.530.364.71*0.38REAL2.980.284.52*0.41

Note: * indicates P < 0.05.

Conclusions

Based on the psychological experience process, Vlog news media forms can increase the audience’s spatial immersion, psychological involvement, and authenticity experience. This increases the communication effect and influence of the media and has good research value.
Analysis of the impact of cross-border e-commerce on consumer behavior anxiety from the perspective of consumer psychology
Authors: Li Yuanqiao , Deng Yuanying
Published: March 2023

Background

The research object of consumer psychology is consumers. By studying the psychological and behavioral changes of consumers in the process of consumption, we can summarize relevant consumption laws and apply them to commercial operations to improve sales performance. The rapid development of e-commerce has promoted the continuous development of cross-border e-commerce. Many consumers are keen on overseas fashion brands and have bought a large number of fashion brand clothing and other products without considering the actual use of the goods, thus causing anxiety and regret for their excessive consumption afterwards. In this kind of consumer groups, college students are very easy to appear excessive consumption behavior. Therefore, the article analyzes the impact of cross-border e-commerce on consumer behavior anxiety and behavior from the perspective of consumer psychology.

Subjects and Methods

The study selected college students in the consumer group as the research object, and randomly selected 460 college students from different genders, ages, majors, etc. These students have different consumer psychologies and behaviors. Types of overseas shopping commodities, reasons for purchasing and students’ views on cross-border e-commerce platforms were recorded and analyzed. The impact of cross-border e-commerce on consumer behavior anxiety and behavior was explored, and the reasons for college students’ anxiety, and use 1-5 grades were analyzed. The data processing software is Statistic software.

Results

After statistical processing, the anxiety level of college students in different genders with different issues of cross-border e-commerce platforms is shown in Table 1. In Table 1, students of different genders have different anxiety levels on different issues of cross-border e-commerce platforms. Different from male college students, female college students have more anxiety about high fake products and false propaganda (P < 0.05).Table 1.

Anxiety of college students of different genders

GenderHigh counterfeit productsFalse propagandaHigh priceSome products are seriously damagedMale4.24±0.284.10±0.533.88±0.394.01±0.25Female4.45±0.334.37±0.183.91±0.274.11±0.44P<0.05<0.05>0.05>0.05

Conclusions

The development of cross-border e-commerce has brought more goods to consumers and promoted their consumption, but at the same time, there are also some drawbacks, such as exaggerated publicity, false publicity, etc., which has led to consumers’ excessive consumption, led to the emergence of college students’ “borrowing and lending” behavior, and increased their anxiety. While consumers need rational consumption and financial management, cross-border e-commerce should guarantee after-sales service and establish a good reputation.
The influence of positive psychology on the competence and compressive ability of “double qualified” university teachers
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Wang Xiaoxue , Ma Dayong
Published: March 2023

Background

With the spread of COVID-19, in application-oriented undergraduate colleges, the difficulty of teaching work for “double-qualified” teachers has greatly increased, resulting in enormous work pressure for some teachers, which is not conducive to the development of teaching work and the physical and mental health of teachers.

Subjects and Methods

Twenty “double qualified” teachers from a domestic finance and economics college were selected and divided into an experience group and a control group. The evaluation index system of college teachers’ competency and anti-pressure ability is constructed by using hesitant fuzzy language. Teachers in the experience group were trained in positive psychology, and their competency and anti-pressure ability were evaluated before and after the experiment using the evaluation model. The evaluation grade is divided into poor, general, relatively good, good and excellent, and is assigned with integers 1-5 respectively. The measurement type data is displayed in the form of mean ± standard deviation, and the t difference significance test is conducted. The difference significance level is 0.05.

Results

After completing the experiment, the statistics are shown in Table 1. Observation Table 1 shows that before the experiment, the P value of the t-test for the competency and compression resistance scores of the two groups of teachers is far greater than 0.05, with no significant difference. However, after the completion of the experiment, the average scores of teachers’ competency and compressive capacity in the experience group were 4.52 and 4.63, respectively, higher than those in the control group, and the P value of the t-test was 0.001, which was considered significant.Table 1.

Comparison of competence and compressive ability scores of two groups of “double qualified” financial teachers

CompetencyCompressive capacity-Experience groupControl grouptPExperience groupControl grouptPBefore experiment3.15±0.143.15±0.170.4851.5263.88±0.203.86±0.240.5711.639After experiment4.52±0.273.16±0.192.8620.0024.63±0.313.85±0.223.3760.001t3.2150.448--3.8940.472--P0.0011.569--0.0011.738--

Conclusions

This research carried out experiments to verify the effect of positive psychological intervention on improving the competency and psychological pressure resistance of “double qualified” teachers. The experimental results showed that the post-competence and anti-pressure ability of the financial “double qualified” teachers in the experience group after positive psychological intervention were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was significant. The experimental results show that positive psychology training is conducive to improving the negative psychological pressure resistance of the “double qualified” teachers in China, so as to enhance their post competency.
Intervention effect of drama management combined with mental health education on dissociative anxiety disorder
Authors: Liu Min , Li Ronghua
Published: March 2023

Background

Dissociative anxiety disorder in student group is a common mental disorder in the learning process of students. When students are separated from their attachment objects, they will have extremely strong resistance psychology, which will lead to their excessive dissociative anxiety. Dissociative anxiety disorder will lead to more abnormal behaviors and emotions in their life and study. How to alleviate students’ dissociative anxiety disorder has become the focus of current education research.

Subjects and Methods

In this study, 68 students were diagnosed as dissociative anxiety disorder in a school and they were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 34 in each group. The students in the control group adopted routine mental health education during the treatment, while the students in the experimental group combined drama management strategies on the basis of mental health education. Finally, evaluate the changes and differences of dissociative anxiety between the two groups.

Results

The comparison results of the two groups of students are shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows that the anxiety scores of students in the experimental group are significantly lower than those in the control group, and the scores of behavior control and emotional response of students in the experimental group are also significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment, with a statistically significant difference.Table 1.

Differences in the evaluation of the two groups of students

IndexBefore treatmentAfter treatmentExperimental groupControl groupExperimental groupControl groupAnxiety score33.08±8.1432.97±8.336.17±3.0211.15±3.28Behavior control2.52±0.282.47±0.271.71±0.192.35±0.21Emotional response2.31±0.232.45±0.202.08±0.202.33±0.21

Conclusions

Students’ dissociative anxiety disorder has seriously affected students’ life and learning progress, so it is very important to alleviate students’ dissociative anxiety disorder. In the study, an intervention strategy combining drama management and mental health education was proposed. Through experimental verification, this strategy can significantly reduce students’ anxiety scores, and alleviate students’ anxiety behaviors and emotions. Therefore, in education and teaching, it is feasible to introduce drama management strategies to enhance the cultivation of students’ mental health, which is of great significance to the improvement of education quality and students’ growth.
Severity reduction and private market distortion effects of voluntary and mandatory public annuity plans
Authors: Lau Sau-Him P. , Zhang Qilin
Published: March 2023

Many economies have recently adopted the defined-contribution retirement financing system, but one disadvantage of this system is that retirees have to bear longevity risk. As a result, several economies have also introduced the public annuity plans. We analyze the similarities and differences between voluntary public annuity with ceiling (VPAc) plan and mandatory public annuity with flexibility (MPAf) plan that are empirically observed. Introducing either plan reduces the severity of adverse selection in public annuities, but further distorts the private annuity market. These two plans have systematically different effects on retirees’ utility levels: the good health group is adversely affected and the average health group benefits. On the other hand, the poor health group benefits from the VPAc plan but may be adversely affected under the MPAf plan.
How a second language and its future time reference impacts intertemporal decision: A holistic perspective
Authors: Xu Yuepei , Wu Chenggang , Zhang Yang-Yang , Liang Zhu-Yuan
Published: March 2023

Since globalization, using second languages (L2) to make decisions about future is more common than ever. In this study, we tested the merged effect of two language features, i.e., the future-time reference (FTR) and L2, on intertemporal decision and its indirect mediators, future orientation, and subjective future perception. As a pair of languages with different FTR, English (strong-FTR) has a clear grammatical separation between present and future, while Chinese (weak-FTR) does not. Here, Chinese first language (L1) speakers made intertemporal decisions using either Chinese (L1) or English (L2). Across three studies (N = 1022) and an internal meta-analysis, we found that using a strong-FTR L2 did not change participants’ intertemporal preference but did reduce their future orientation. These findings highlight a holistic perspective merging language features, outcome variables and measurement methods. These findings also imply a need for caution to use second language as nudge strategy in intertemporal decision-making.
Signal enhancement for two-dimensional cryo-EM data processing
Authors: Sharon Guy , Shkolnisky Yoel , Bendory Tamir
Published: March 2023

Different tasks in the computational pipeline of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) require enhancing the quality of the highly noisy raw images. To this end, we develop an efficient algorithm for signal enhancement of cryo-EM images. The enhanced images can be used for a variety of downstream tasks, such as two-dimensional classification, removing uninformative images, constructing ab initio models, generating templates for particle picking, providing a quick assessment of the data set, dimensionality reduction, and symmetry detection. The algorithm includes built-in quality measures to assess its performance and alleviate the risk of model bias. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on several experimental data sets. In particular, we show that the quality of the resulting images is high enough to produce ab initio models of

$ \sim 10 $

Å resolution. The algorithm is accompanied by a publicly available, documented, and easy-to-use code.
Wissen gemeinsam erarbeiten: Partizipative Methoden in der psychologischen und neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung mit Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Bell Laura , Konrad Kerstin
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: ﻿Zusammenfassung.﻿ Der partizipative Forschungsansatz versteht die Durchführung von Forschungsarbeiten als eine Kooperation oder Koproduktion von Forscher_innen mit nichtwissenschaftlichen Akteur_innen. Das allgemeine Wissen über eine solche partizipative Herangehensweise und deren Umsetzung ist jedoch noch begrenzt. Insbesondere die aktive Einbeziehung und Mitbestimmung von Kindern und Jugendlichen fordert besondere Maßnahmen und eine kreative und flexible Anwendung verschiedener Methoden. Zudem verlangt der Einsatz partizipativer Methoden in der neurowissenschaftlichen Entwicklungsforschung zunächst eine vorausgehende Erklärung komplexer Techniken, um die Kooperation und Koproduktion zwischen Forscher_innen und Kindern und Jugendlichen erfolgreich umzusetzen. Im Folgenden betonen wir die Relevanz des partizipativen Ansatzes in der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit, stellen verschiedene Methoden zur Einführung komplexer Techniken in der neurowissenschaftlichen Entwicklungsforschung vor und erläutern anhand eines Beispiels, wie dieser Ansatz systematisch in der Forschung mit Kindern und Jugendlichen umgesetzt werden kann.
Persönlichkeitsstörung im Jugendalter
Authors: Kaess Michael , Bürger Arne
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Die kategoriale Klassifikation der Persönlichkeitsstörungen (PS) wurde im letzten Jahrzehnt durch eine „Perspektive der Lebensspanne“ mit zunehmend dimensionaler Sichtweise abgelöst. Für den Kinder- und Jugendbereich ist maßgeblich, dass die PS als Ergebnis dieses Prozesses als Erkrankungen angesehen werden, welche die gesamte Lebensspanne betreffen können. Diese Neuerung bereitet den Weg zu einer möglichen Frühbehandlung und ggf. sogar Prävention der PS bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Im klinischen Alltag jedoch wird die Vergabe von PS in dieser Altersgruppe bis heute oft als kritisch angesehen. Das Themenheft möchte einen Beitrag zur Aufklärung über PS im Jugendalter leisten. Ziel ist es, dass die Vergabe von PS nicht als eine Stigmatisierung junger Menschen angesehen wird, sondern vielmehr als Chance schwerwiegende Entwicklungsverläufe früh zu erkennen und zielgerichtet zu verhindern oder zu behandeln. Der Fokus der Beiträge des Themenheftes liegt dabei auf der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) im Jugendalter.
The Post‐Perovskite Transition in Fe‐ and Al‐Bearing Bridgmanite: Effects on Seismic Observables
Authors: Wentzcovitch Renata M. , Valencia‐Cardona Juan J. , Zhuang Jingyi , Shukla Gaurav , Sarkar Kanchan
Published: March 2023

The primary phase of the Earth’s lower mantle, (Al, Fe)‐bearing bridgmanite, transitions to the post‐perovskite (PPv) phase at Earth’s deep mantle conditions. Despite extensive experimental and ab initio investigations, there are still important aspects of this transformation that need clarification. Here, we address this transition in (Al3+, Fe3+)‐, (Al3+)‐, (Fe2+)‐, and (Fe3+)‐bearing bridgmanite using ab initio calculations and validate our results against experiments on similar compositions. Consistent with experiments, our results show that the onset transition pressure and the width of the two‐phase region depend distinctly on the chemical composition: (a) Fe3+‐, Al3+‐, or (Al3+, Fe3+)‐alloying increases the transition pressure, while Fe2+‐alloying has the opposite effect; (b) in the absence of coexisting phases, the pressure‐depth range of the Pv‐PPv transition is likely too broad to cause a sharp D” discontinuity (<30 km); (c) the average Clapeyron slope of the two‐phase regions are consistent with previous measurements, calculations in MgSiO3, and inferences from seismic data. In addition, (d) we observe a softening of the bulk modulus in the two‐phase region. The consistency between our results and experiments gives us the confidence to proceed and examine this transition in aggregates with different compositions computationally, which will be fundamental for resolving the most likely chemical composition of the D" region by analyses of tomographic images.
Phytoplankton Patches at Oceanic Fronts Are Linked to Coastal Upwelling Pulses: Observations and Implications in the California Current System
Authors: Gangrade Shailja , Franks Peter J. S.
Published: March 2023

Locally enhanced biological production and increased carbon export are persistent features at oceanic density fronts. Studies often assume biological properties are uniform along fronts or hypothesize that along‐ and across‐front gradients reflect physical‐biological processes occurring in the front. However, the residence times of waters in fronts are often shorter than biological response times. Thus, an alternate—often untested—hypothesis is that observed biological patchiness originates upstream of a front. To test these two hypotheses, we explore an eddy‐associated front in the California Current System sampled during two surveys, separated by 3 weeks. Patches of high phytoplankton biomass were found at the northern ends of both surveys, and phytoplankton biomass decreased along the front. While these patches occurred in similar locations, it was unclear whether the same patch was sampled twice, or whether the two patches were different. Using an advection‐reaction framework combined with field and satellite data, we found that variations in along‐front gradients in dissolved oxygen, particle biovolume, and salinity support the conclusion that the two phytoplankton patches were different. They were only coincidentally sampled in similar locations. Backward‐ and forward‐in‐time tracking of water parcels showed that these phytoplankton patches had distinct origins, associated with specific, strong coastal upwelling pulses upstream of the front. Phytoplankton grew in these recently upwelled waters as they advected into and along the frontal system. By considering both local and upstream physical‐biological forcings, this approach enables better characterizations of critical physical and biogeochemical processes that occur at fronts across spatial and temporal scales.
Characteristic Research on Electromagnetic Response of Two‐Dimensional Complex Structure Targets Based on Meshless Method
Authors: Ji Yanju , Yu Yibing , Zhao Xuejiao , Wu Yanqi , Li Dongsheng , Guan Shanshan , Gao Quanming
Published: March 2023

Actual geological targets exhibit complex structures and fine grids can improve the modeling accuracy. However, the generation of fine grids is usually difficult. Moreover, the traditional apparent resistivity method can only obtain the approximate range of the target, and cannot accurately distinguish complex structures, including surface and interior complex structures. To address the above problems, this paper proposed to use the meshless method to model complex structure targets. Two‐dimensional (2D) numerical simulation of the electromagnetic (EM) response was performed in the frequency domain. The average relative error was 2.88% compared to the analytical solution. Furthermore, an analysis method of relative difference in the apparent resistivity (Da) was proposed, and the Da between irregular target and regular target was calculated. Two kinds of irregular targets were designed, one was a complex surface target with concave or convex semicircles embedded on the surface, the other was a complex interior target with high and low resistivity anomalies embedded inside. The calculation and analysis results show that the Da method can characterize the electrical difference caused by structure change compared with the traditional method. Our proposed method can facilitate the accurate detection of the surface and interior structure in the target and promote the development of EM methods in the field of complex geological resource detection.
Silicate Weathering Throttles the Global Thermostat
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: March 2023

The natural breakdown of some rocks sucks carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. Knowing how quickly it happens could help scientists engineer solutions to the climate crisis.
Deletion of the transcriptional regulator TFAP4 accelerates c-MYC-driven lymphomagenesis
Authors: Potts Margaret A. , Mizutani Shinsuke , Garnham Alexandra L. , Li Wai Suen Connie S. N. , Kueh Andrew J. , Tai Lin , Pal Martin , Strasser Andreas , Herold Marco J.
Published: March 2023

Many lymphoid malignancies arise from deregulated c-MYC expression in cooperation with additional genetic lesions. While many of these cooperative genetic lesions have been discovered and their functions characterised, DNA sequence data of primary patient samples suggest that many more do exist. However, the nature of their contributions to c-MYC driven lymphomagenesis have not yet been investigated. We identified TFAP4 as a potent suppressor of c-MYC driven lymphoma development in a previous genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen in primary cells in vivo [1]. CRISPR deletion of TFAP4 in Eµ-MYC transgenic haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and transplantation of these manipulated HSPCs into lethally irradiated animals significantly accelerated c-MYC-driven lymphoma development. Interestingly, TFAP4 deficient Eµ-MYC lymphomas all arose at the pre-B cell stage of B cell development. This observation prompted us to characterise the transcriptional profile of pre-B cells from pre-leukaemic mice transplanted with Eµ-MYC/Cas9 HSPCs that had been transduced with sgRNAs targeting TFAP4. This analysis revealed that TFAP4 deletion reduced expression of several master regulators of B cell differentiation, such as Spi1, SpiB and Pax5, which are direct target genes of both TFAP4 and MYC. We therefore conclude that loss of TFAP4 leads to a block in differentiation during early B cell development, thereby accelerating c-MYC-driven lymphoma development.
PVT1 inhibition stimulates anti-tumor immunity, prevents metastasis, and depletes cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qin Zhen , Zhang Wenbo , Liu Shuo , Wang Yujia , Peng Xin , Jia Lingfei
Published: March 2023

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) cause tumor metastasis and immune evasion by as-yet-unknown molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we identify a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), termed PVT1, which is highly expressed in CSCs and correlated closely with lymph node metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PVT1 inhibition eliminates CSCs, prevents metastasis, and stimulates anti-tumor immunity, while inhibiting HNSCC growth. Moreover, PVT1 inhibition promotes the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment, thereby enhancing immunotherapy by PD1 blockade. Mechanistically, PVT1 inhibition stimulates the DNA damage response, which induces CD8+ T cell-recruiting chemokines, while preventing CSCs and metastasis via regulating the miR-375/YAP1 axis. In conclusion, targeting PVT1 might potentiate the elimination of CSCs via immune checkpoint blockade, prevent metastasis, and inhibit HNSCC growth.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell landscape following antimony exposure during spermatogenesis in Drosophila testes
Authors: Yu Jun , Fu Yangbo , Li Zhiran , Huang Qiuru , Tang Juan , Sun Chi , Zhou Peiyao , He Lei , Sun Feiteng , Cheng Xinmeng , Ji Li , Yu Hao , Shi Yi , Gu Zhifeng , Sun Fei , Zhao Xinyuan
Published: March 2023

Antimony (Sb), is thought to induce testicular toxicity, although this remains controversial. This study investigated the effects of Sb exposure during spermatogenesis in theDrosophilatestis and the underlying transcriptional regulatory mechanism at single-cell resolution. Firstly, we found that flies exposed to Sb for 10 days led to dose-dependent reproductive toxicity during spermatogenesis. Protein expression and RNA levels were measured by immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to characterize testicular cell composition and identify the transcriptional regulatory network after Sb exposure inDrosophilatestes. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that Sb exposure influenced various testicular cell populations, especially in GSCs_to_Early_Spermatogonia and Spermatids clusters. Importantly, carbon metabolism was involved in GSCs/early spermatogonia maintenance and positively related with SCP-Containing Proteins, S-LAPs, and Mst84D signatures. Moreover, Seminal Fluid Proteins, Mst57D, and Serpin signatures were highly positively correlated with spermatid maturation. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed three novel states for the complexity of germ cell differentiation, and many novel genes (e.g., Dup98B) were found to be expressed in state-biased manners during spermatogenesis. Collectively, this study indicates that Sb exposure negatively impacts GSC maintenance and spermatid elongation, damaging spermatogenesis homeostasis via multiple signatures inDrosophilatestes and therefore supporting Sb-mediated testicular toxicity.
SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines decouple anti-viral immunity from humoral autoimmunity
Authors: Jaycox Jillian R. , Lucas Carolina , Yildirim Inci , Dai Yile , Wang Eric Y. , Monteiro Valter , Lord Sandra , Carlin Jeffrey , Kita Mariko , Buckner Jane H. , Ma Shuangge , Campbell Melissa , Ko Albert , Omer Saad , Lucas Carrie L. , Speake Cate , Iwasaki Akiko , Ring Aaron M.
Published: March 2023

mRNA-based vaccines dramatically reduce the occurrence and severity of COVID-19, but are associated with rare vaccine-related adverse effects. These toxicities, coupled with observations that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with autoantibody development, raise questions whether COVID-19 vaccines may also promote the development of autoantibodies, particularly in autoimmune patients. Here we used Rapid Extracellular Antigen Profiling to characterize self- and viral-directed humoral responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in 145 healthy individuals, 38 patients with autoimmune diseases, and 8 patients with mRNA vaccine-associated myocarditis. We confirm that most individuals generated robust virus-specific antibody responses post vaccination, but that the quality of this response is impaired in autoimmune patients on certain modes of immunosuppression. Autoantibody dynamics are remarkably stable in all vaccinated patients compared to COVID-19 patients that exhibit an increased prevalence of new autoantibody reactivities. Patients with vaccine-associated myocarditis do not have increased autoantibody reactivities relative to controls. In summary, our findings indicate that mRNA vaccines decouple SARS-CoV-2 immunity from autoantibody responses observed during acute COVID-19.
N-acetylneuraminic acid links immune exhaustion and accelerated memory deficit in diet-induced obese Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Suzzi Stefano , Croese Tommaso , Ravid Adi , Gold Or , Clark Abbe R. , Medina Sedi , Kitsberg Daniel , Adam Miriam , Vernon Katherine A. , Kohnert Eva , Shapira Inbar , Malitsky Sergey , Itkin Maxim , Brandis Alexander , Mehlman Tevie , Salame Tomer M. , Colaiuta Sarah P. , Cahalon Liora , Slyper Michal , Greka Anna , Habib Naomi , Schwartz Michal
Published: March 2023

Systemic immunity supports lifelong brain function. Obesity posits a chronic burden on systemic immunity. Independently, obesity was shown as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we show that high-fat obesogenic diet accelerated recognition-memory impairment in an AD mouse model (5xFAD). In obese 5xFAD mice, hippocampal cells displayed only minor diet-related transcriptional changes, whereas the splenic immune landscape exhibited aging-like CD4+ T-cell deregulation. Following plasma metabolite profiling, we identified free N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), the predominant sialic acid, as the metabolite linking recognition-memory impairment to increased splenic immune-suppressive cells in mice. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed mouse visceral adipose macrophages as a potential source of NANA. In vitro, NANA reduced CD4+ T-cell proliferation, tested in both mouse and human. In vivo, NANA administration to standard diet-fed mice recapitulated high-fat diet effects on CD4+ T cells and accelerated recognition-memory impairment in 5xFAD mice. We suggest that obesity accelerates disease manifestation in a mouse model of AD via systemic immune exhaustion.
Naked metallic skin for homo-epitaxial deposition in lithium metal batteries
Authors: Baek Minsung , Kim Jinyoung , Jeong Kwanghoon , Yang Seonmo , Kim Heejin , Lee Jimin , Kim Minkwan , Kim Ki Jae , Choi Jang Wook
Published: March 2023

Regulating the morphology of lithium plating is the key to extending the cycle life of lithium metal batteries. Fatal dendritic growth is closely related to out-of-plane nucleation on the lithium metal surface. Herein, we report a nearly perfect lattice match between the lithium metal foil and lithium deposits by removing the native oxide layer using simple bromine-based acid-base chemistry. The naked lithium surface induces homo-epitaxial lithium plating with columnar morphologies and lower overpotentials. Using the naked lithium foil, the lithium-lithium symmetric cell maintains stable cycling at 10 mA cm−2 for more than 10,000 cycles, and the full-cell paired with LiFePO4 with high areal capacity of 3.3 mAh cm−2 and practical N/P ratio of 2.5 exhibits 86% capacity retention after 300 cycles. This study elucidates the usefulness of controlling the initial surface state to facilitate homo-epitaxial lithium plating for sustainable cycling of lithium metal batteries.
Gut microbiota alters host bile acid metabolism to contribute to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Tang Bo , Tang Li , Li Shengpeng , Liu Shuang , He Jialin , Li Pan , Wang Sumin , Yang Min , Zhang Longhui , Lei Yuanyuan , Tu Dianji , Tang Xuefeng , Hu Hua , Ouyang Qin , Chen Xia , Yang Shiming
Published: March 2023

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a female pregnancy-specific disorder that is characterized by increased serum bile acid and adverse fetal outcomes. The aetiology and mechanism of ICP are poorly understood; thus, existing therapies have been largely empiric. Here we show that the gut microbiome differed significantly between individuals with ICP and healthy pregnant women, and that colonization with gut microbiome from ICP patients was sufficient to induce cholestasis in mice. The gut microbiomes of ICP patients were primarily characterized by Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), and B. fragilis was able to promote ICP by inhibiting FXR signaling via its BSH activity to modulate bile acid metabolism. B. fragilis-mediated FXR signaling inhibition was responsible for excessive bile acid synthesis and interrupted hepatic bile excretion to ultimately promote the initiation of ICP. We propose that modulation of the gut microbiota-bile acid-FXR axis may be of value for ICP treatment.
Wind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre
Authors: Moreau Sebastien , Hattermann Tore , de Steur Laura , Kauko Hanna M. , Ahonen Heidi , Ardelan Murat , Assmy Philipp , Chierici Melissa , Descamps Sebastien , Dinter Tilman , Falkenhaug Tone , Fransson Agneta , Grønningsæter Eirik , Hallfredsson Elvar H. , Huhn Oliver , Lebrun Anais , Lowther Andrew , Lübcker Nico , Monteiro Pedro , Peeken Ilka , Roychoudhury Alakendra , Różańska Magdalena , Ryan-Keogh Thomas , Sanchez Nicolas , Singh Asmita , Simonsen Jan Henrik , Steiger Nadine , Thomalla Sandy J. , van Tonder Andre , Wiktor Jozef M. , Steen Harald
Published: March 2023

The Southern Ocean is a major sink of anthropogenic CO2 and an important foraging area for top trophic level consumers. However, iron limitation sets an upper limit to primary productivity. Here we report on a considerably dense late summer phytoplankton bloom spanning 9000 km2 in the open ocean of the eastern Weddell Gyre. Over its 2.5 months duration, the bloom accumulated up to 20 g C m−2 of organic matter, which is unusually high for Southern Ocean open waters. We show that, over 1997–2019, this open ocean bloom was likely driven by anomalies in easterly winds that push sea ice southwards and favor the upwelling of Warm Deep Water enriched in hydrothermal iron and, possibly, other iron sources. This recurring open ocean bloom likely facilitates enhanced carbon export and sustains high standing stocks of Antarctic krill, supporting feeding hot spots for marine birds and baleen whales.
Spider-inspired tunable mechanosensor for biomedical applications
Authors: Kim Taewi , Hong Insic , Roh Yeonwook , Kim Dongjin , Kim Sungwook , Im Sunghoon , Kim Changhwan , Jang Kiwon , Kim Seongyeon , Kim Minho , Park Jieun , Gong Dohyeon , Ahn Kihyeon , Lee Jingoo , Lee Gunhee , Lee Hak-Seung , Kang Jeehoon , Hong Ji Man , Lee Seungchul , Seo Sungchul , Koo Bon-Kwon , Koh Je-sung , Han Seungyong , Kang Daeshik
Published: March 2023

The recent advances of wearable sensors are remarkable but there are still limitations that they need to be refabricated to tune the sensor for target signal. However, biological sensory systems have the inherent potential to adjust their sensitivity according to the external environment, allowing for a broad and enhanced detection. Here, we developed a Tunable, Ultrasensitive, Nature-inspired, Epidermal Sensor (TUNES) that the strain sensitivity was dramatically increased (GF ~30k) and the pressure sensitivity could be tuned (10–254 kPa−1) by preset membrane tension. The sensor adjusts the sensitivity to the pressure regime by preset tension, so it can measure a wide range (0.05 Pa–25 kPa) with the best performance: from very small signals such as minute pulse to relatively large signals such as muscle contraction and respiration. We verified its capabilities as a wearable health monitoring system by clinical trial comparing with pressure wire which is considered the current gold standard of blood pressure (r = 0.96) and home health care system by binary classification of Old’s/Young’s pulse waves via machine learning (accuracy 95%).
Lignin deconstruction by anaerobic fungi
Authors: Lankiewicz Thomas S. , Choudhary Hemant , Gao Yu , Amer Bashar , Lillington Stephen P. , Leggieri Patrick A. , Brown Jennifer L. , Swift Candice L. , Lipzen Anna , Na Hyunsoo , Amirebrahimi Mojgan , Theodorou Michael K. , Baidoo Edward E. K. , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Timokhin Vitaliy I. , Gladden John , Singh Seema , Mortimer Jenny C. , Ralph John , Simmons Blake A. , Singer Steven W. , O’Malley Michelle A.
Published: March 2023

Lignocellulose forms plant cell walls, and its three constituent polymers, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, represent the largest renewable organic carbon pool in the terrestrial biosphere. Insights into biological lignocellulose deconstruction inform understandings of global carbon sequestration dynamics and provide inspiration for biotechnologies seeking to address the current climate crisis by producing renewable chemicals from plant biomass. Organisms in diverse environments disassemble lignocellulose, and carbohydrate degradation processes are well defined, but biological lignin deconstruction is described only in aerobic systems. It is currently unclear whether anaerobic lignin deconstruction is impossible because of biochemical constraints or, alternatively, has not yet been measured. We applied whole cell-wall nuclear magnetic resonance, gel-permeation chromatography and transcriptome sequencing to interrogate the apparent paradox that anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastigomycetes), well-documented lignocellulose degradation specialists, are unable to modify lignin. We find that Neocallimastigomycetes anaerobically break chemical bonds in grass and hardwood lignins, and we further associate upregulated gene products with the observed lignocellulose deconstruction. These findings alter perceptions of lignin deconstruction by anaerobes and provide opportunities to advance decarbonization biotechnologies that depend on depolymerizing lignocellulose.