bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“An Anthropomorphic Insolence of Short Duration”
Authors: BUCHANAN BRAD
Published: March 2007

Compared with other ancient Greek myths of royal investiture, the Oedipus myth offers an unusual picture of masculine development. Oedipus's intellectual heroism (vis-à-vis the Sphinx) marks him as a representative of mankind's self-declared triumph over the natural world. However, in compliance with mythic logic, it also dooms him to incest and parricide. Beckett plays on this mythic inextricability of human identity and self-consciousness with incest and, especially in his famous trilogy Molloy, Malone Dies, and The Unnamable (originally published in French, 1950-52), he represents masculinity as a condition that simultaneously contests and capitulates to the apparent inevitability of myth. Beckett's characters treat the Oedipus myth (and especially Freud's interpretation of its centrality to human development) as an absurd but necessary narrative blueprint around which they can construct their own otherwise ungrounded musings on human nature and masculine identity.
Evaluation of Commercial Thermal Insulation in Vertical Panels
Authors: Knickle Harold N. , Kalthod Vikram
Published: March 2007

The thermal conductance and resistance of vertical panels were measured. These panels were representative of wall building panels. Insulations tested included fiberglass, cellulose, rock wool, urea formaldehyde board stock and shredded foam, and polystyrene foam. The thermal resistances of these insula tions in a 3.5 inch vertical cavity has also been determined from these measurements.
Method of Numerical Solution of Equations Describing Heat Transfer in Fibrous Beds
Authors: Holcombe B.V. , Stuart I.M.
Published: March 2007

The heat transfer through low density fibrous assemblies used as insulators is far more complex than that of homogeneous materials. The contribution of infra-red radiation is a significant component, even when the temperature dif ference across the assembly is low, and it influences both the temperature gra dient and heat transmission within the assembly. A model has been developed that may be used to predict the temperature gradient and the net heat transfer through such materials. The mathematical expressions involved are complex and not readily solved by analytical methods. This paper describes a numerical method of solution of the model, and includes some examples of its use.
Evaluation of Alternate Chlorofluorocarbons in Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate Foams
Authors: Dell J.R. , Riley R.E. , Willoughby K.
Published: March 2007

With the adoption of the Montreal Protocol last year, the search for al ternate blowing agents has intensified. HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b have been iden tified as two possible alternatives for CFC-11 in rigid foam applications. Although neither product is commercially available today, evaluations of both have begun in laboratories and on production equipment.

Performance of foams manufactured on production equipment will be discussed. HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b were run in typical polyurethane/polysocyanurate for mulations on production-scale laminate board equipment. Again, physical properties and thermal conductivities will be discussed and compared. Full-scale flammability test results (i.e., ASTM E-84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteris tics of Building Materials) will be discussed.

Despite the fact that HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b are not currently available to rigid foam manufacturers, this study gives good base line data on the performance of the two most promising alternate fluorocarbons to replace CFC-11 in the future. The studies demonstrate that either product is a viable blowing agent for the rigid foam industry.
The Impact of Wall Thermal Storage on Measurements Period in Testing Thermal Resistance under Field Conditions
Authors: Pogorzelski Jerzy A. , Firkowicz Katarzyna , Panek Aleksander D.
Published: March 2007

This article deals with in situ measurements of thermal resistance of building envelopes. It presents an algorithm for calculations and discusses the in fluence of heat storage on the period of measurements. Transmission of heat through multilayer walls was calculated with the help of a computer.
A State-Space Model for Estimation of Thermal Parameters of a Homogeneous Slab
Authors: Norlen Urban
Published: March 2007

This paper is concerned with estimation of the thermal resistance and thermal capacity from in situ thermal measurements of a homogeneous slab. A so- called state-space model in these two parameters is derived from the heat conduction equation. The model is formulated in a way suitable for estimation using standard computer software for building mathematical models using performance data.

The state-space model is successfully applied to: (i) data from in situ thermal mea surements of a 800 mm loose fill insulation, and (ii) CEN-data that have recently become available for performance testing of identification methods.
Substrate Barrier Effects on Total Heat Transfer for a R-30 Fibrous Insulation Batt
Authors: Harris K.T. , Roux J.A. , Mccarty T.A.
Published: March 2007

By implementing various substrate barriers to a R-30 fiberglass in sulation batt, this research shows the overall changes in the substrate heat flux. Inde pendently, a plastic vapor barrier, and both a perforated and nonperforated radiant barrier are analyzed in this study. Conduction, radiation heat transfer, and moisture (mass) transport are considered to be the main contributors to heat transport within attic fiberglass insulation. A transient, one-dimensional, computational thermal model has been developed to simultaneously model all three of these heat transport mechanisms, which allows the total heat flux at the attic insulation substrate to be predicted. This numerical model has the capabilities to determine the effect on each of the three modes of heat transfer once a substrate barrier has been added. Summer time experimental data were collected at an occupied North Mississippi residence for cases with and without a vapor barrier at the substrate for R-30 fiberglass insulation. Within this investigation, experimental and predicted total heat transfer results are compared and analyzed. Profiles such as temperature-time histories, vapor H2O con centrations, and individual modes of heat transfer plots are presented to support the experimentally determined overall effects on the heat transfer at the substrate once a substrate barrier has been implemented.
Improving Cost-Benefit Analysis of Training
Authors: Niemiec Richard P. , Hartz Rob , Walberg Herbert J.
Published: March 2007

From time to time, articles are puhlished in EP that evoke comments from readers.In Response is reserved for this dialogue. Contributions should be to the point, con cise, and easy for readers to track to targeted articles. Comments may be positive or negative, but if the latter, then at least relatively nice! Please keep length of com ments to minimum essential.
An Extinction-retardation Strategy for Educational Evaluators
Authors: Popham W. James
Published: March 2007

In recognition of marked reductions in the number of educational evaluators now functioning in our schools, the position is taken that educational evaluation must be promoted because of its direct and personal benefit to the individuals who authorize such evaluations. Specifics are provided of a two-pronged persuasion play to use with authorizers of evaluation studies.
A Reflection On Police Abuse of Power in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Wong Kam C.
Published: March 2007

There are repeated claims that the police in the People's Republic of China (PRC) abuse their legal powers. This has been attributed to a lack of institutional supervision and a failure of legal control. There are, however, other more enduring reasons contributing to police abuse of power in the PRC. This paper begins by offering some empirical data on the prevalence of PRC police abuse of power. It is followed by a case study of police abuse of shouron shencha, an investigative de tention power, to further illuminate the nature of police abuses. The paper ends by postulating some of the more significant and enduring cultural, institutional and ideological factors accounting for the abuse of police powers in the Deng era after 1979. These include: the lack of an entrenched legal culture in the rule of law, the absence of an ingrained constitutional spirit in limited government and the emer gence of pragmatism as a political ideology.
Examining the Liability Factors of Sudden Wrongful Deaths in Police Custody
Authors: Ross Darrell L.
Published: March 2007

Use-of-force encounters between the police and violent arrestees have in creased over the past few years. Annually in a small number of these ar rests, the individual suddenly and unexpectedly dies in police custody after a period of intense struggle—frequently in restraints. Such wrongful deaths in custody generate civil lawsuits. This discussion identifies the liability factors associated with these deaths by examining cases filed under tort theories of negligence in state courts and claims filed in federal court un der provision of Title 42 United States Code Section 1983. The analysis addresses standards of using force, medical care and training issues. Rec ommendations for police administrators are also presented.
The Effects of Norepinephrine Infusion on the Circulating Lymphocyte Counts of Post–Open Heart Surgery Patients
Authors: Zziwambazza Wanda , Merkle Carrie J. , Moore Ida M. , Davis Jean
Published: March 2007

In this retrospective study employing chart reviews, 75 open heart surgery patients (OHSPs) were divided into 3 groups of 25 patients. Group 1 received no intravenous (IV) norepinephrine (NE) after surgery. Group 2 and group 3 received a minimum of 0.028 mcg/kg/min of IV NE for 6-24 h and greater than 24 h, respectively. In the 3 groups, preoperative lymphocyte counts were compared to counts obtained on postoperative days 1 and 2. The results showed lower lymphocyte counts on postoperative day 2 in group 3 subjects, who received NE for 24 h or more, compared to subjects of the other groups who received no NE or 6-24 h of NE (p < 0.05). There was also evidence that preoperative use of beta-blocking agents significantly affected the change in lymphocyte counts from day 1 to day 2 in both groups receiving NE. Furthermore, postoperative infections were more prevalent in group 3 than the other 2 groups (p < 0.05). The lower lymphocyte counts and higher infection rate, however, may be linked to lower postoperative blood pressure and increased number of intensive care unit days in group 3. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the effects of IV NE administration on the lymphocyte counts of OHSPs and to reduce infections in those receiving NE.
Effects of Environment on Enhancing Functional Plasticity following Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Briones Tess L. , Therrien Barbara , Metzger Bonnie
Published: March 2007

Given the brain’s capacity to recover from injury, plasticity may be enhanced following cerebral ischemia through environmental manipulation. Thus, the purpose of this study was to (1) determine the effects of early exposure to an enriched environment following ischemia on functional plasticity and (2) examine the relationship between morphological and behavioral plasticity. Adult female rats (n = 38) were divided into ischemia and control groups. Each group was further randomized to either standard (SC) or enriched conditions (EC). After 4 days of environmental exposure, rats were tested for 6 days in the water maze. Control and ischemia rats exposed to EC have increased total dendritic length (P < 0.05) as well as increased number of dendritic segments in the apical (P < 0.05) region of the hippocampal area compared to those housed in SC; furthermore, increased dendritic spine density in the apical (P < 0.05) region was also seen. Behavioral testing showed that ischemia rats exposed to SC have longer swim latencies (P < 0.05) and greater directional heading errors (P < 0.05) than ischemic rats exposed to EC; the latter group performed similar to controls. It is concluded that EC may be a potentially useful therapy in the recovery of spatial memory impairments seen after ischemia.
Genetics and Nursing: The Interface in Education, Research, and Practice
Authors: Lashley Felissa R.
Published: March 2007

Genetics is affecting all of health care, including nursing. The way in which nurses think about planning health care must be seen now through a “genetic eye” or lens, and nurses must learn to “think genetically.” While efforts to integrate genetics into nursing began in earnest in the early 1980s, this effort did not accelerate until the mid-1990s. Before nursing can fully incorporate genetic knowledge into education and practice in a meaningful way, the ways in which genetics will influence health care must be understood. The basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed by health professionals are discussed as well as their integration into education and practice. Opportunities for nursing research in genetics are presented as are possible directions. Recommendations for facilitating the integration of genetics into nursing education, practice, and research are also presented.
Social Spatialization and Everyday Life
Authors: van Loon Joost
Published: March 2007

This editorial introduction discusses the problematic “demonology” of spatial analyses that attempt to understand the logic of the social in terms of subject-based origins. Taking the poststructuralist notion of decentered subjectivity to task, it uses the metaphor of exorcism to approach everyday life as a haunted space. Instead of identifying the true demons behind the voices rendering an account of everyday life, it shifts methodological attention to the incommensurable multiplicity of traces through which we map and narrate a hermeneutics of becoming.
Performing the “People's Palace”
Authors: Peterson Marina
Published: March 2007

This article examines the production of space through musical performance at the Chicago Cultural Center. Concerts at the Cultural Center produce space on the scale of the building, the city of Chicago, and the world. The process of the social production of space is examined through musical performance in terms of the relation between music and place, performance practices, and aural space. An analysis of the production of space in musical performances on multiple spatial scales provides a means of moving past the common distinctions made between material space, representations of space, and social space to a more integrated understanding of social space.
Close Encounters: Ideological Invasion and Complicity on an `International Management' Master's Programme
Authors: Case Peter , Selvester Ken
Published: March 2007

The authors of this article are actively involved as teachers and administrators on a taught `Master's' degree in `International Management' at Oxford Brookes University. In this article, we offer a series of critical reflections on the educational process that has resulted from our close engagement with students on the Brookes MSc. In addition to careful personal introspection, with students' permission we draw on data collected from assignments and observation of tutor-led exercises. The outcome of our observation and reflection is twofold: (1) we find much of the existing international management literature to be considerably lacking, complacent and potentially harmful in a number of respects; (2) we report on the critical insights we have gleaned into the motives of students and tutors on this kind of programme. In response to these criticisms, we suggest educators might fruitfully seek to `repoliticize' their approach. Such re-politicization would entail two strategies: one reflexively intellectual and one directly participative. The educator might strive, for instance, to pay due reflexive deference to the historical, social and geographical context of the knowledge and skills he or she brings to the learning arena. The second strategy necessitates close encounters in the classroom: a meeting of and between tutors and students in an attempt to explore constructively and perhaps even transcend difference.
Contemporary Models of Management Education in the UK
Authors: Holman David
Published: March 2007

What is the role of higher education in society? How should universities be managed? What is learning, and what should count as ideal outcomes of that process? What types of knowledge should a higher education pursue? All these questions have been considered ever since universities were first created, and answered in different and sometimes competing ways. The aim of this article is to examine how these questions are currently being considered and dealt with within management education in the UK. It does so by outlining four models of management education: academic liberalism; experiential liberalism; experiential vocationalism; and the experiential/critical school. Each of these models is examined in relation to the assumptions it makes about epistemology, the nature of management, pedagogy, the organization of management education and universities, and the role of management education in society. Based on an appraisal of the relative advantages and disadvantages of each model, the article goes on to speculate about possible future directions for management education, and the relationship of this to the current context of higher education and the Dearing Report. The article concludes with suggestions for possible avenues of future research and practice.
Ordered Passions: Commitment and Hierarchy in the Organizational Ideas of the Jesuit Founders
Authors: Hopfl Harro M.
Published: March 2007

This article explores hierarchy, commitment, order and cognate ideas in the context of one of the most successful religious enterprises of all, the Society of Jesus. It concentrates on its management style and its distinctive understanding of the religious life, in which obedience occupies a pre-eminent place. Hierarchy and obedience were however by no means intended as a substitute for commitment, prudence or operational autonomy on the part of those subject to it. These unfamiliar ways of understanding motivation and organization suggest insights into the way in which contemporary organizations have sought to institute quasi-virtues such as ethics, care and compassion, in order to regulate and control behaviour and performance.
Exploring Constraints on Developing Knowledge
Authors: Beech Nic , MacIntosh Robert , MacLean Donald , Shepherd Jill , Stokes John
Published: March 2007

This article explores some of the constraints on the development of knowledge through a multi-perspective examination of a project where there was an intention, and enacted process, to develop knowledge. Building on prior work in the fields of knowledge and knowledge management, the article is engaged with the generic question of what the conditions that facilitate knowledge creation in organizations are. However, the approach adopted here is not to focus on success stories, but to develop an understanding of constraining factors through an examination of an example of apparent failure and the absence of new knowledge. A detailed multi-perspective exploration of a particular organizational episode is provided. Data from this episode are considered from three theoretical perspectives: psychodynamics, social construction and complexity theory. This multi-perspective exploration highlights the need for conflict in organizational settings where new knowledge is at least supposed to be being developed.
Issues in Practice
Authors: Boot Richard , Reynolds Michael
Published: March 2007

In our paper we examine the seeming reluctance to discuss in any depth the issues implicit in the practice of Management Education and Development. We ask whether this is a case of myopia or phobia. The paper serves as an introduction to the overall theme of this special issue.
Team Teaching: Making Management Education More Student-Centred?
Authors: Easterby-Smith Mark , Olve Nils-Göran
Published: March 2007

One of the original reasons for introducing team teaching into schools was because it seemed likely to make education more 'student-centred'. This paper considers how far this assumption holds in management education where team teaching is frequently employed. In doing this it is necessary to discuss the nature of team teaching in some detail, including both the variety of structural arrangements that may be adopted and the way that different assumptions about the proper content of management education can influence the choice of such arrangements. The conclusion is that the relationship is by no means straightforward, and that the success of team teaching itself depends very much on the skills and circumstances of the teachers involved.
Paradoxes Human Resource Developers Face
Authors: Watkins Karen , Marsick Victoria
Published: March 2007

It is clear from the work of Watkins and Marsick that management devel opers - both internal and external to the organisation — will often undermine their own objectives through inconsistent, paradoxical behaviour. Through the literature on group and family therapy, it can be seen that paradoxes are a normal by-product of the way people assign meaning to interpersonal action. Case studies from the author's separate research efforts illustrate four paradoxes which affect human resource or management developers. A model for encouraging reciprocally reflective learning based on the works of Argyris (1982) and Schon (1987) is offered to enable individuals to critically examine paradoxes in their work.
Debating Management Learning: I
Authors: Fox Steve
Published: March 2007

This paper offers a working definition of Management Learning as a distinct field of study. Part I, presented here, distinguishes Management Learning from both management studies and management as an occupation, and sets out the scope of its field in broad terms, offering an agenda for research. Part II will follow in a subsequent issue of this journal.
Envisioning a New Paradigm
Authors: Forray Jean Mannheimer , Mir Ali H.
Published: March 2007

In this article, we explore the bond between management education and practice, and the tensions between knowledge and experience. We argue that the current paradigm of management education is one of `balance' and suggest that this be replaced by a new paradigm of `synthesis'. We define paradigm, offer a brief history of US management education as it relates to the development of the current paradigm, provide an explanation of the `paradigm of balance' and its prevailing manifestations in management education, propose a reconceptualization of management education from within a `paradigm of synthesis', and offer two recent innovations in management education as exemplars.
The New Paradigm of Management Education Revolution and Counter-Revolution
Authors: Beck John E.
Published: March 2007

In The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Kuhn (1962) outlines the central role which paradigms play in the development of scientific disciplines, and the revolutionary process by which paradigms may eventually be challenged and replaced by new paradigms. This revolutionary model of paradigmatic change may well describe the process by which the new paradigm of management education will become established. There is, of course, no guarantee that the /revolution' will be successful and that the new paradigm will supplant the old. The forces of counter-revolution, with interests vested in the old paradigm, can be strong and may hold off the challenge of the new, for the establishment of paradigmatic dominance is not only an intellectual and conceptual process, but also a social and political one. This situation is evident in the case of the development of a part-time MBA course at an institution in the Far East. Although the program design seemed to embody many of the principles espoused in a new paradigm of management education, revisions have been proposed for the course which may turn it back into a more traditional model of an MBA programme. The case raises the question of institutional readiness for a new paradigm of management education. It also highlights the need for institutional leadership in the process of questioning assumptions, practices and values as MBA programmes are challenged to meet the demands and opportunities of the 21st century.
An Inquiry into Management Learning
Authors: McAulay Laurie , Sims David
Published: March 2007

This is an edited version of an electronic conference for members of the International Advisory Board of Management Learning, in which we invited our Board to discuss 'Management Learning in the year 2000'. Over the five weeks of the conference, from late August through September 1994, those members of the Board who were technologically equipped to do so and who wished were engaged in a lively and increasingly fluent debate about a range of issues under that heading, electronically chaired by David Sims. The editors of Management Learning then edited this conference thematically, taking in turn four main strands that developed in the discussion:

* What is management learning?

* How might Management Learning build a 'community' of debate and learning?

How might Management Learning make a distinctive contribution?

* Who should shape the agenda of Management Learning?
Management Education
Authors: Grey Christopher , Mitev Nathalie
Published: March 2007

This paper is a polemic against the mainstream of management education. It is argued that this mainstream is managerialist in character and ignores critical management research. In replicating the notion of management as a set of morally and politically neutral techniques, management education re-enforces the commonsense technicism of many management students. The paper explores some of the problems and paradoxes of managerialism and technicism in management education, considers how these relate to current quality initiatives within higher education and, finally, points to some of the political implications of the issues raised.
Learning? I've Got No Time for Any of That...
Authors: King Ian W.
Published: March 2007

This reflective account seeks to share concerns about the effectiveness of programmes that emphasize personal and/or professional growth. The paper presents preliminary evidence gathered from recently graduated Master of Business Administration (MBA) learners, which reveals that, unless support is continued, in time learners may revert back to previous practices of learning and behaviour in the course of their work, thus undoing the benefits that the programme sought to introduce. The paper discusses some of the reasons why this might occur and concludes that the author must shoulder at least some of the responsibility.
Representing Fear in Learning in Organizations
Authors: Fulop Liz , Rifin William D.
Published: March 2007

Literature and practice on learning in organizations often seem to ignore the expression of fear. This article explores the role of representations of fear in collective learning. Three expressions offers are analysed: by Pat, an individual whose workplace trials parallel those of the authors; by Ricardo Semler, Brazilian business executive, whose business autobiography, Maverick! some see as a manual for learning in organizations; and by W. Frank Blount, CEO of Australia's largest telecommunications firm, Telstra. These analyses bring to the fore issues of shame (Schneider), needs for mutual self-disclosure (Goffman) and conditions that cause us to `sanitize' representations of fear in ways that inhibit reflective practice and, hence, limit occurrence of episodes of deep, collective learning, that are termed here the `learning space'.
To Transfer is to Transform: The Circulation of Safety Knowledge
Authors: Gherardi Silvia , Nicolini Davide
Published: March 2007

Organizational knowing is fundamentally a collective endeavour through which heterogeneous materials and entities, such as ideas, concepts, artifacts, texts, persons, norms, and traditions are mobilized, modified, translated, distorted, exposed, used, ignored or hidden in view of some practical accomplishment, such as safety in a construction site. Safety as a form of organizational expertise is therefore situated in the system of ongoing practices, has both explicit and tacit dimensions, is relational and mediated by artifacts, that is, it is material as well as mental and representational. Using examples derived from the observation data we will discuss how safety-related knowledge is constituted, institutionalized, and continually redefined and renegotiated within the organizing process through the interplay between action and reflexivity.
Non-Disciplinary Power and the Network Society
Authors: Munro Lain
Published: March 2007

This article addresses Foucault's concept of disciplinary power and asks whether it is an adequate concept for describing the power relations emerging as part of recent developments in information technology. In fact, this article will show that some non-disciplinary forms of power are transforming many areas of social life, allowing for the development of new information-based institutions, different sites of resistance to power, and increasing social divisions based around the access to information. Drawing on Foucault's concept of a `diagram of power', this article will propose a diagram based on the network which better describes the power relations at work in modern information technology than do the concepts of discipline or the sovereign.
Will the Traditional Humanities Survive in the 21st Century?
Authors: Tymoczko Maria
Published: March 2007

The nature of the university in the new century will be determined as much by epistemological, philosophical, and ideological factors shaping our views of knowledge as by changing technologies. This article reviews developments in the meaning of knowledge occurring through the 20th century and explores their implications for the ‘traditional’ humanities and academe as a whole, using the field of Celtic Studies as a case in point.
Is Ethnography Jazz?
Authors: Humphreys Michael , Brown Andrew D. , Hatch Mary Jo
Published: March 2007

In this article, we extend and refine Van Maanen's metaphorical insight that ethnographers learn interpretive skills `more akin to learning to play a musical instrument than to solving a puzzle' by focusing on the parallels between ethnography and jazz. Our central argument is that ethnographers are engaged in a dual quest for self-identity and empathy that is improvised in ways resembling the musical `conversation' between performing jazz musicians. We suggest several ways in which ethnography can be articulated with reference to jazz in order to address three of the central problems ethnographers face: (1) handling the delicate balance between self and other in fieldwork and in writing; (2) engaging in the everyday life of the culture being studied; and (3) choosing criteria to apply in judging the quality of ethnographic research. Drawing a parallel between the ethnographer and the jazz soloist, we deliberately implicate a very broad conception of ethnography as a fundamentally creative, exploratory and interpretive process. The three co-authors consciously produced this article using the ethnographic equivalent of improvised conversation embedded in rounds of writing and revision. These interactions carried us beyond our initial understandings of our own practices and generated new understandings that fed back into our layered, textual reworkings. Our depiction of ethnographers as jazz soloists is an attempt to grasp some of the subtleties and complexities in the working lives of ethnographers, and to offer them up for inspection, comment, critique, and elaboration in a continuing conversation with our readers.
The Architecture of the Invisible: Technology is Representation
Authors: Kallinikos Jannis
Published: March 2007

The article explores the idea that the utilitarian and technological orientation of modernity coincides with the conception, position and instrumentation of the world in ways that promote mastery and the distillation of utility. A central strategy in this direction is to reduce the complex and synthetic character of the world to limited domains that can be surveyed, inspected, reversed, controlled and so forth. Rather than being accidental, the principle of limited and selected objectification comprises a world-view that, following Heidegger (1977), I refer to as representation. These points of view make up a theoretical framework that is employed with the purpose of evaluating the current technological trajectory from the industrial to digital technology and its impact upon the work habits and the nature of formal organizations. Shorn of the insights supplied by the Heideggerian view, the differences between these two basic technological epochs and paradigms tend to be overstated and their common representational inheritance tend to be lost. For both represent detached and decontextualized systems of work that impose their own material and behavioural requirements. The article attempts, then, to reveal and illustrate the complex texture of questions related to the increasing distancing from the immediate world and the proliferation of formal and codified methods through an interpretation of Italo Calvino's novel Invisible Cities.
Sex and the MBA
Authors: Sinclair Amanda
Published: March 2007

Disenchantment with the Masters of Business Administration (MBA) is widespread and the proportion of women undertaking an MBA has plateaued. This paper argues one explanation for both phenomena—that the MBA is constructed on gendered understandings of who a manager is, what they should do and how they should learn. Women's experience of the dominant culture of MBA programs is examined. Several `layers' of culture are considered, from the overt to the embedded: curricula, pedagogical and learning styles, values around careers and private lives. Women MBAs describe feeling disconnected and disempowered, devising strategies such as denial of their experience, censoring and stereotyping themselves as stupid. The paper considers the costs of this hegemony to women, MBA graduates in general and the management community. Several avenues for change are considered. First, incremental change can be accomplished by, as this paper attempts, documenting and hence `adding in' to the dominant culture the experience of women. Second, the paper concludes that the quality of management and MBA programs, as well as the experience of women, will be enhanced through a more radical reconstruction of the MBA, locating sex, sexuality and gender as central constructs.
`It's Working Beautifully!' Philosophical Reflections on Aesthetics and Organization Theory
Authors: White David A.
Published: March 2007

This paper is in two parts. Part I discusses three issues pertaining to the introduction and development of philosophical aesthetics for organization theory. First, aesthetic concepts are shown to be apposite in form to concepts in organization theory. Second, two senses are distinguished in which aesthetic concepts might provide insight into issues in organization theory. Third, several questions are discussed pertaining to the effects of doctrinal accuracy on the application of aesthetics to organization theory. Part II illustrates the potential applicability of aesthetics by outlining the position on the nature of beauty developed by Immanuel Kant in the Critique of Judgment. This position is briefly sketched and then applied to selected problems and issues in organization theory.
Writing the Left out of Management Theory: The Historiography of the Management of Change
Authors: Cooke Bill
Published: March 2007

The change management discourse has appropriated central ideas of action research, group dynamics, and the management of attitude change from the political left. This has been concealed by the way that that discourse has written its own history, that is, its historiography. Managerialist accounts of the lives of Kurt Lewin and John Collier (in relation to group dynamics and action research), and of the work of Edgar Schein (in relation to the management of attitude change), are compared with those found in non-managerialist sources. The latter alone reveal Lewin's left activism, his working relationship with the radical John Collier, and the likelihood that Collier invented action research before Lewin. They also show how Schein's theory of attitude change was derived from the Chinese Communist Party. Change management's very construction has been a political process which has written the left out, and shaped an understanding of the field as technocratic and ideologically neutral. However, it is not only managerialist historiographies, but also supposedly more critical approaches to organizational theory which have a historiographical shaping effect.
David and Goliath in the Risk Society: Making Sense of the Conflict between Shell and Greenpeace in the North Sea
Authors: Tsoukas Haridimos
Published: March 2007

It is argued here that the victory of Greenpeace over Shell in the North Sea, in June 1995, exemplifies the empowerment of small organizations in the semiotic environment in which organizations in late modernity increasingly tend to operate. More specifically, it is argued that in late modern societies risk production tends to be at least as important as wealth production. In the risk society, symbolic power is of great importance, at times more important than economic power; social reflexivity, unfolding within a public discourse which favours post-materialist values, is an integral part of societal functioning; and the role of mediated communication occupies a central place. In a semiotic environment, business organizations do not only compete in the marketplace but, increasingly, in a discursive space in which winning the argument is just as important. These concepts are used to throw light on the conflict that broke out between Shell and Greenpeace in the North Sea, over the offshore dumping of a defunct oil platform.
Sexual Violence and War:
Authors: SKJELSBÆK INGER
Published: March 2007

In the 1990s there was more focus on war-time sexual violence than ever before. Within academia, among policy-makers and in the media emerged a consensus that sexual violence can be used as a weapon of war. This article attempts to understand the complex relationship between sexual violence and war by presenting three different conceptualizations based on a literature study of 140 scholarly texts published mainly during the 1990s. The crux of this article is the argument that the relationship between sexual violence and war is best conceptualized within a social constructionist paradigm. My analysis shows that it is the social constructionist conceptualization which is best equipped to explain the complex empirical reality at hand.
Reimagining Weber:
Authors: HOBSON JOHN M. , SEABROOKE LEONARD
Published: March 2007

This article `reimagines' Max Weber, who is conventionally thought to be one of realism's founding fathers. While Weber's work had various ambiguities and tensions, we suggest that his conception of IR had much in common with liberalism, and especially the English School. Nevertheless, our `reimagining' of Weber augments in a sustained and particular way an area of analysis that has not been consistently or sufficiently developed within the English School; namely an emphasis on the social legitimacy of a particular form of state-society complex that is constitutive of international society. In contrast to Hedley Bull, who viewed sovereignty and diplomacy as sufficient criteria of legitimacy, Weber insisted that international society could only be successfully reproduced once the constituent state-society complexes had become `socially embedded' (comprising a domestic social balance of power between a democratic state and a strong civil society). Weber, unlike Bull, advocated a social domestic analogy.
Identity-defining Practices in Thucydides'
Authors: JANSSON PER
Published: March 2007

If different identities and national characters matter in explaining foreign policy choices and outcomes, as some studies of Thucydides suggest, then it must be important to understand how these identities and characteristics are created and maintained. This article addresses the problem of collective identity formation in Thucydides' narrative from a rhetorical point of view. The analysis focuses on identitydefining practices, i.e. discursive practices which serve to delineate collective subjects. It is demonstrated that the Peloponnesian War is comprehensible not only in conventional political terms as a struggle over territory, trading interests or leadership, but also as a struggle over identity in which the foundations of collective identification provide both an exploitable resource and a bone of contention per se. Superimposed on other levels of conflict, the issue of collective identification emerges as a sometimes unconscious yet always central concern to Thucydides and the leaders of his time.
Surviving Time: The Persistence of Identity in This Culture and That
Authors: Chandler Michael
Published: March 2007

This account is all about how young persons of different cultural stripes work to keep their identities in good repair. Rank-and-file Euro-American adolescents are shown to be steeped in a standard brew of essentialist thought. By contrast, ‘First Nations’ youth commonly adopt a more narrative approach to the problem by weaving together the various threads of their lives into some culturally available fabric. Beyond exploring the relation between the breakdown of such diverse self-warranting practices and youth suicide, the present essay works to bring out possible parallels between such alternative conceptions of personal persistence and various accounts of selfhood and timeconsciousness evident in the course of recent intellectual history.
Another Voice and Position: Psychoanalysis across Civilizations
Authors: Roland Alan
Published: March 2007

This paper deeply appreciates the comprehensiveness of Hermans’ (2001) theory of the dialogical self, his critiquing of Western cultural assumptions that pervade psychological (and psychoanalytic) theory, his emphasizing hybridization and globalization, and his trying to move psychology toward an interdisciplinary orientation. His theory would be significantly improved if he were to adopt much more of a historical dimension in his critique of psychological theory, in the very composition of the dialogical self, and in his theory of culture and globalization. The paper also critiques how some of the very philosophical/psychological assumptions Hermans criticizes unreflectedly enter into his own theory. All of this is to add another voice and position to his theory.
The Problem of Emotions from the Perspective of Psychological
Authors: Josephs Ingrid E.
Published: March 2007

Wierzbicka's (1995) arguments about the semantics of emotions, while productive in their way of bringing novel analytic schemata to the issue, still overlook a number of relevant issues. Her static and exclusively structural approach to emotion excludes functional aspects of emotions. Emotions are mainly conceptualized as feelings which themselves are defined by thoughts. Such hyper-cognitivist translation of emotions to the mental schemata may lead to the reduction of affective phenomena to their mental reflections, hence eliminating the phenomena in the effort to make sense of them. As an alternative, cultural psychology could analyse the process of 'feeling games' (in analogy with 'language games') in the activities of the never static flow of human psychological phenomena.
Lay Representations of Democracy: A Study in Two Cultures
Authors: Moodie Eleanor , Markova Ivana , Plichtova Jana
Published: March 2007

While the term 'democracy' has existed in political a and philosophical vocabularies since classical Athens, representations of democracy by laypeople are relatively more recent. Lay representations of democracy are likely to be formed, maintained and changed by both implicit and explicit processes. Some features of lay representations are deeply seated and transmitted across cultures; others are shaped by the already existing thinking schemata; and they also shape the existing thinking schemata by foregrounding particular latent issues, by bringing them into focused consciousness, and by introducing new contents. In the present study, lay representations of democracy were explored in two cultures, in Slovakia and in Scotland. It was found that the most important terms associated with 'democracy' were value terms such as 'individual freedom', 'justice' and 'individual rights'. The remaining clusters of terms expressed political processes and ideological vocabularies. It is argued in accordance with dialogical epistemology that the co-construction of meanings in study of lay representations of democracy must take into consideration different kinds of reflexive relations.
Bartlett's Psycho-anthropological Project
Authors: Rosa Alberto
Published: March 2007

This paper focuses on the examination of the early production of F.C. Bartlett devoted to the psychological study of an anthropological question: the conventionalization of cultural materials. His early articles offer a project for a cultural psychology which also foresees a theory of activity, as well as developing a set of categories which allow a transition from the social to the individual levels of analysis. His view of how symbols are created, transmitted and changed is also of particular interest, both in individual and in social life, as is his discussion of the role feelings play in semiosis.
The Concept of Human Nature in East Asia: Etic and Emic Characteristics
Authors: Oerter Rolf , Oerter Rosemarie , Agostiani Hendriati , Kim Hye-On , Wibowo Sutji
Published: March 2007

Adopting a constructivist approach, individual constructions of the concept of human nature were investigated by using an 'adulthood interview' and culturally adapted dilemma stories. Subjects were young adults with higher education, including university students and individuals already in work from the US, Indonesia, Japan and Korea. The central hypothesis that subjects from different cultures conceptualize similar structures of understanding human nature at different levels of complexity was clearly confirmed. A second complementary hypothesis assumed that subjects from eastern cultures emphasize a more collective and interdependent identity compared with US subjects. Content analysis revealed that all subjects from eastern cultures elaborated characteristics of interdependency that were viewed as crucial for human nature, while US subjects emphasized aspects of individuality and independence. However, without exception, eastern subjects also simultaneously stressed autonomous identity. Conflict resolutions resulting from contradictions between independent and interdependent identity are described by examples from Indonesia (parent-child conflict) and Japan (self-other conflict). Finally, a combination of universal structural levels and of a culturally shaped conception of identity is suggested, assuming that the interdependent self, more pronounced in eastern cultures, and independent identities, more elaborated in western cultures, are conceived at different structural levels of increasing complexity that show universal characteristics.
Psychology: Market, Metaphor and Metamorphosis
Authors: Burman Erica
Published: March 2007

This paper explores tensions within the notion of the metaphor of production as illuminating features of the market of, and for, psychology. In particular it highlights problems with the distinction between producer and consumer set up by the production metaphor. It also considers how this applies to process of conceptualizing psychology's concepts as well as their effects, and the cultural specificities covertly maintained within psychology's apparently general claims. Finally it addresses the question of whether there are alternatives to the market of, and for, psychology-in terms of changing our practice as psychologists.