bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Absent IgA Associated with Normal Chromosomes
Authors: Choi Yu Chien , Dallarie Louis , Eisen A. H.
Published: December 2021

Absent immunoglobulin A (IgA) in serum and exocrine secretions has been noted in at least 6 of 19 patients who have an abnormality of chromosome 18.1-3 Since the frequency of this association exceeds the frequency of absent IgA in the normal population (between 0.14 and 0.42%),4 a causal relationship is presumed.

There is controversy as to the significance of these findings since abnormalities of chromosome 18 including ring formation and deletion of the long arm have been noted in patients who have normal levels of immunoglobulin A in the serum5 and patients who have elevated levels of immunoglobulin A in the serum.6
Pseudomonas Agglutinins in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Habboushe Christa , Iacocca Victor , Braddock LeRoy , Barbero Giulio
Published: December 2021

Antibody response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined in patients with cystic fibrosis. Thirty-two patients were studied, of whom 24 harbored pseudomonas in their lungs and demonstrated the highest anti-pseudomonas serum agglutinin antibody response when compared as a group to eight CF patients without pseudomonas and 32 control subjects.
Mycobacterium Aquae Infection in a Hydrocephalic Child (Mycobacterium Aquae Meningitis)
Authors: Gonzales Eusebio P. , Crosby Robert M. N. , Walker Stuart H.
Published: December 2021

Mycobacterium aquae, an ubiquitous scotochromogenic saprophyte, was repeatedly isolated from the cerebrospinal and ascitic fluid of a child with hydrocephalus and shunt implants. Recurrent fever, hepatomegaly, and signs of meningitis subsided when a shunt valve upon which the organism was demonstrated to be growing was removed. The child has been well and M. aquae has not been isolated since the removal of this valve and the initiation of antituberculous chemotherapy.
ANNUAL SUMMARY OF VITAL STATISTICS–1970
Authors: Wegman Myron E.
Published: December 2021

As in previous reports,1 the data for this article are drawn principally from two sources, the Monthly Vital Statistics Report, published by the National Center for Health Statistics2,3 and the Demographic Yearbook, published by the Statistical Office of the United Nations.4 In both instances, those responsible for the publication were kind enough to make the material available before the actual publication date, thus making it possible for this article to published in this December issue of Pediatrics. The limitations on the data used are explained in these reports and do not differ from previous years. All the data for 1970 are provisional and are based upon 10% sample of materials received in state offices between two dates 1 month apart, regardless of when the event occurred.
Breast Feeding without Pregnancy
Authors: Cohen Robert
Published: December 2021

A 28-year-old white woman presented herself in my podiatric office with an adopted baby boy whom she was breast feeding. I asked her if she had been pregnant recently and had lost her child. She replied that she had never been pregnant, but during 3 years of marriage she had often tried to become pregnant but with no success.

She assured me her healthy, adopted boy nourished from her breast quite vigorously. The breasts showed a light pink areola tissue though the mother was a brunette.
Corporal Punishment in Schools— or Anywhere
Authors: Rothman Clifton B.
Published: December 2021

The September issue of Pediatrics contains a letter from Dr. E. J. Turner1 with the quotation "Perhaps it was the licking I gave him which put him into shape." This brings to mind questions parents have asked about the use and value of corporal punishment in child rearing.

I would like to see this subject discussed both because of its importance to the child and to the parent during the growing-up years and also as it relates to the use of violence in adult interactions in our society.
Growth Hormone Response to Insulin–Induced Hypoglycemia in Newborn Infants
Authors: Reisner S. H. , Cornblath M. , Gotlin Ronald W.
Published: December 2021

In the article by J. R. Humbert and R. W. Gotlin,1 the authors state that previous reports in which hypoglycemia was induced artificially with insulin demonstrated a variable growth hormone response. They then refer to the paper by Cornblath, et al.2 as reporting a failure to obtain a rise in growth hormone levels. This is incorrect as we found that insulin-induced hypoglycemia actually resulted in a very marked rise in growth hormone levels in both the full-term and premature infants tested.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Wegman Myron E.
Published: December 2021

The letters of Dr. Friedmann and Dr. Blanton obviously represent a problem in communications, which I regret. In fact, one of my colleagues here had pointed out to me, on reading my paper, that while he understood my reference, it might easily be misinterpreted. Obviously, this has happened and I should have chosen other words.

My thought was that there are some people in our society who believe that blacks are infenor and who would presumably consider that the higher mortality of black infants and preschool children is only to be expected because of this.
ABO Hemolytic Disease, Complement, and Phagocytosis
Authors: Gordon B. D.
Published: December 2021

The article by Drs. Wang and Desforges indicated that complement was not involved in ABO hemolytic disease because they could not detect it on red cells in such cases.

In 1964, Dr. Gordon Archer of the Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Sydney, reported to the Second Annual Meeting of the Australian Society of Immunologists that red cells coated with anti-A or anti-B antibodies set up a strong chemotactic effect on polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes, predominantly neutrophils and eosinophils.
Differential Diagnosis in Pediatric Neurology, by Jorge C. Lagos, M.D. Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1971, 346 pp., $13.50
Authors: Bray Patrick F.
Published: December 2021

To the growing list of monographs devoted to pediatric neurology we now add this newcomer priced at $13.50. If the buyer wants only what the title promises, i.e., Differential Diagnosis in Pediatric Neurology, he should not be disappointed. However, if he wants a reference on the subject which provides a comprehensive view of the field to include specific therapies and advice about counseling and prognosis he will find these matters dealt with lightly or not at all.
BABIES, HORMONES AND KIDNEYS—A NEW LOOK AT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: McCrory Wallace W.
Published: December 2021

The role of cyclic AMP (adenosine 3’,5’-monophosphate) in hormone action is now quite firmly established. Abundant evidence now demonstrates that after release from an endocrine gland a hormone (first messenger) is transported to its effector cell (target) where it interacts with the adenyl cyclase system to release cyclic AMP (second messenger) which acts intracellularly to carry out the work of the hormone.

In 1967, Chase and Aurbach demonstrated that urinary cyclic AMP, now known to be derived from both plasma and kidney, increased when parathormone (PTH) was administered to the rat and man. These workers also demonstrated a PTH-sensitive adenyl cyclase in the proximal tubules of the rat kidney and in fetal bone.
SERUM LIPIDS DURING SHORT-TERM HIGH GLUCOSE AND HIGH SUCROSE FEEDING IN INFANTS
Authors: Tamir I. , Epstein D. , Heldenberg D. , Levtow O. , Werbin B.
Published: December 2021

The effects of short-term high glucose and high sucrose diets on serum lipids were estimated in six healthy infants aged 4 to 11 months. Each carbohydrate-rich diet was given for 5 days and preceded by 3 days of a "normal" diet. During the high CHO feeding, sucrose or glucose supplied 73% of the total caloric intake, while on the "normal" diet only 40% for the total caloric intake was derived from CHO (glucose only).

The percentage of total caloric intake supplied by protein was almost identical in the three diets used. An increase in serum triglyceride (TG) concentration, of almost equal magnitude, was seen following both high CHO feeding periods. Upon resumption of the "normal" diet, serum TG concentrations approached initial concentrations. No consistent changes occurred in total serum cholesterol concentrations or in total serum phospholipid concentrations. A significant increase in the percentage concentration of palmitoleic acid of serum triglyceride fatty acids occurred on both high CHO diets. This increase was slightly but not significantly greater following high sucrose feeding. A significant decrease in the percentage concentration of linoleic acid of serum triglyceride fatty acids occurred on both high CHO diets. This decrease was slightly but not significantly greater following high sucrose feeding. Therefore, it seems that on a short-term basis, high sucrose and high glucose feeding, in healthy infants, will result in similar changes in serum triglyceride concentrations and serum triglyceride fatty acid patterns.
KINKY HAIR DISEASE
Authors: Menkes John H.
Published: December 2021

Despite many recent advances in our understanding of progressive degenerative diseases of the nervous system which have permitted us in some instances to define the underlying enzymatic defect and to detect the disease in utero, treatment for affected children has been nonexistent in almost all instances. The paper by Danks et al.1 in this issue of Pediatrics is, therefore, of considerable importance. It not only demonstrates the underlying cause for one of these disorders, Kinky Hair disease, but also suggests a relatively simple course of treatment.

Ten years ago a group of Residents from the Departments of Neurology, Pediatric Neurology, Neuropathology, and Dermatology described in this journal2 what appeared to be a new degenerative disease of the central nervous system.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN E IN BRONCHIOLITIS
Authors: Polmar Stephen H. , Robinson Lawrence D. , Minnefor Anthony B.
Published: December 2021

Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay in 32 children with bronchiolitis and 30 age-matched control subjects. Bronchiolitis in 15 patients (Vermont group) was associated with a respiratory syncytial (RS) virus epidemic. Bronchiolitis occurred sporadically (nonepidemic) in 17 patients from Baltimore. The geometric mean serum IgE concentration of the sporadic bronchiolitis group (Baltimore) was significantly higher than that of their age- and race-matched controls (100 ng/ml versus 25 ng/ml, respectively, p < .025 ). No difference was found in geometric mean IgE concentration between the epidemic bronchiolitis group (Vermont) and their age- and race-matched controls (47 ng/ml versus 38 ng/ml, respectively, p » .1). Thirty-five percent (6/17) of the children with sporadic bronchiolitis had IgE levels above the 95th percentile for age as compared to approximately 6% for children with epidemic bronchiolitis and the normal control groups. These findings lend support to the concept of a heterogeneous etiology for bronchiolitis. Furthermore, the data suggest that measurement of the serum IgE concentration may be of value in identifying those bronchiolitic children at high risk for the subsequent development of asthma and other respiratory allergies.
Survival in Anthrax Meningitis
Authors: Tahernia A. Cyrus , Hashemi Gh.
Published: December 2021

An 8½-year-old child with anthrax septicemia and meningitis presumably secondary to the cutaneous lesion was presented. The salient features in our case such as purulent spinal fluid, relative peripheral blood leukopenia. and her survival, in contrast to the majority of cases in world literature, were stressed. The patient was treated successfully with the I.V. fluids-high doses of penicillin in association with new method of corticosteroid therapy.
Mucus, Calcium, Sweat, Water, and Permeability in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Boat Thomas F. , Mayo Joseph , Carlson Don M. , Doershuk Carl F. , Matthews Leroy W.
Published: December 2021

Gibson et al.1 have proposed that mucus normally inhibits passive flow of water and small ions, but fails to perform this function adequately in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), due to excessive secretion of calcium for exocrine glands. Negus2 first suggested, without adequate experimental data, that epithelial mucins control water and electrolyte permeability. For reasons discussed here, this concept, and other facets of the Gibson hypothesis, are not supported by Gibson's investigations.

The authors developed an assay (Exp. I) for movement of water through films of submaxillary saliva (SMS) layered on dialysis membranes. When movement through CF and control films was compared, disparate relationships between film thickness and water permeability were observed.
A "Finger Equivalent" of the "Toe Tourniquet Syndrome"
Authors: Hack M. , Brish M.
Published: December 2021

The communication by Dr. Quinn on the "Toe Tourniquet Syndrome" brings to mind a similar complication seen in our premature nursery in 1966.

A female premature infant, birthweight 1,200 gm, born after 28 weeks' gestation had an uneventful neonatal course.

It was the custom in the nursery, at that time, to put mittens on the hands of premature infants receiving nasal tube feeding to prevent them from removing the tube between feeds. The mittens were made of a soft flannel cloth and removed daily for laundering.
What Every Child Would Like His Parents to Know, by Lee Salk. New York: David McKay, 1972, 239 pp., $6.95
Authors: Aug Robert G.
Published: December 2021

Dr. Salk opens this book with an eloquent plea for greater help for parents in handling the "normal emotional problems" which are part of the everyday lives of their children. He puts this plea in the context of the prevalence of psychiatric illness in the United States today, coupled with the drastic shortage of enough professionals to give adequate care and treatment. Dr. Salk is not the first to seek to answer this problem by better early prevention via improved child-rearing practices by parents, who are "the first line of emotional care"; but he states the case much more effectively than most, and he goes on to provide in this book one of the most thorough, clear, and effective guides available for helping parents achieve such good child-rearing practices.
RULES FOR PLAYING WITH THE BABY—AS RECOMMENDED IN 1914
Authors: C. T. E.
Published: December 2021

In the first edition (1914) of Infant Care, United States Children's Bureau Publication No. 8 (Washington, D.C.), parents were warned about playing with their baby as noted below:

The rule that parents should not play with the baby may seem hard, but it is without doubt a safe one. A young, delicate, or nervous baby especially needs rest and quiet, and however robust the child much of the play that is indulged in is more or less harmful. It is a great pleasure to hear the baby laugh and crow in apparent delight, but often the means used to produce the laughter, such as tickling, punching, or tossing makes him irritable and restless. It is a regrettable fact that the few minutes of play that the father has when he gets home at night, which is often almost the only time he has with the child, may result in nervous disturbance of the baby and upset his regular habits.

The mother should not kiss the baby directly on the mouth, nor permit others to do so, as infections of various kinds are spread in this way. She needs also to be cautioned about rocking the baby, jumping him up and down on her knee, tossing him, shaking his bed or carriage, and, in general, keeping him in constant motion. All these things disturb the baby's nerves and make him more and more dependent upon these attentions. But this is not to say that the baby should be left alone too completely.
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS DUE TO KANAMYCIN-RESISTANT, [R]-FACTOR CARRYING ENTERIC ORGANISMS IN AN INTENSIVE CARE NURSERY
Authors: Eisenach Kathleen Davis , Reber Rose Marie , Eitzman Donald V. , Baer Herman
Published: December 2021

During a 12-month period, an infection rate of 10% with kanamycin-resistant, resistance-factor (R-factor) carrying enteric organisms was observed in 236 infants admitted to an intensive care nursery (ICN), with a mortality of 38%. Maternal and perinatal complications did not predispose to infection. In contrast, a combination of therapeutic procedures (surgery, use of penicillin and kanamycin, catheters, ventilation) was associated with increased risk of infection.

About 90% of the infants admitted to the ICN became colonized with the resistant organisms, and intestinal tract and groin showed the highest rate of colonization. The majority of the personnel in the ICN carried the organisms in the intestinal tract and on the hands. Handwashing with hexachlorophene failed to reduce the contamination significantly. While the main source of organisms was the colonized and/or infected infants, transmission probably occurred via the hands of personnel.
Removal of Coins in the Esophagus Using a Foley Catheter
Authors: Carlson David H.
Published: December 2021

In an attempt to avoid esophagoscopy ferrous containing foreign bodies have been removed from the esophagus using a magnet under fluoroscopic control. In the case of smooth objects such as coins which present little danger of perforation, a well lubricated Levine tube has been used to push the coin into the stomach. The use of a Foley catheter both with and without fluoroscopic control has been advocated but except for some unpublished material from our own institution, no large series has been amassed.

The technique consists of inserting a well lubricated #10 French Foley catheter with a 5-cc bag through the nose, well past the level of the coin. In our experience, the coins are usually impacted just below the cricopharyngeus.
Transient Circumscribed Hypertrichosis Following Chickenpox
Authors: Naveh Yehezkel , Friedman Abraham
Published: December 2021

A 6-month-old infant with chickenpox developed localized hypertrichosis surrounding chickenpox scars. This manifestation followed a mild and uncomplicated course of the disease. Transient localized hypertrichosis is not men tioned in the literature as a complication of chickenpox.
DRUG INTERACTIONS—PART III
Authors: Soyka Lester F.
Published: December 2021

ENZYME induction is defined as an increase in the specific activity of enzymes which metabolize foreign substances (e.g., drugs, chemicals, and insecticides) and certain endogenous compounds (e.g., steroids and fatty acids). In practice, activity, rather than actual enzyme protein mass relative to structural cellular components, is usually determined. Most of the drug-metabolizing (microsomal) enzymes are in the liver; however, lesser activity is found in the skin, placenta, kidney, lung, etc., and induction in these organs has been demonstrated.

In 1956 Conney et al.1 observed that chronic administration of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) caused an increase in its own rate of metabolism, thereby decreasing its carcinogenic potential. Remmer and Merker2 found that the tolerance of animals to chronic barbiturate administration was partly due to an increased rate of metabolic inactivation, and that hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes resulted from such treatment.

Subsequent investigations have shown that more than 200 drugs and chemicals cause enzyme induction in animals3 and several of these are known to be active in man. Inducers are of three types: small organic molecules, e.g., phenobarbital; chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., DDT; and polycydic hydrocarbons, e.g., the environmental polycyclic carcinogens 3-MC and 3,4 benzpyrene.

Many clinical reports indicate that important modifications of a drug's effectiveness and safety may arise through induction during continued administration, or through concurrent administration of other drugs. These modifications are: (1) a decrease in effectiveness from acceleration of the rate of inactivation and excretion, (2) an increase in effectiveness from an increase in the rate of biotransformation to an active metabolite, or (3) either of these arising from the action of a previously or concurrently administered inducing drug.
Mother and Child Health: Delivering the Services, by Cicely D. Williams, C.M.G., D.M., Hon. D.Sc., F.R.C.P., D.T.M. & H. and Derrick B. Jelliffe, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.A.P.H.A., F.A.A.P. London/Toronto/New York: Oxford University Press, 1972, 164 pp., $8.95 paper, $10.95 cloth
Authors: Yankauer Alfred
Published: December 2021

Drawing upon their rich background of international experience and their past publications, Drs. Williams and Jelliffe have assembled a monograph setting out to "present a point of view, some examples of diversity, and a practical philosophy. Little is presented in the way of clinical details (although selected references are included) except insofar as these help illustrate certain situations. For basically mother and child services have to be tailored to local circumstances. Universal solutions are an illusion, and the ‘blue-print’ export of services from one part of the world to another is rarely valid; in the past it has too often led to solutions suggestive of Lewis Carroll."
MANAGEMENT OF INTUSSUSCEPTION IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN: A SURVEY BASED ON 288 CONSECUTIVE CASES
Authors: Gierup Jan , Jorulf Håkan , Livaditis Alexander
Published: December 2021

A consecutive series of 288 patients with intussusception is presented. It is shown that radiologic examination, including barium enema, is necessary to establish an early and accurate diagnosis.

Barium enema reduction was the preferred therapeutic method. The reduction rate in relation to symptoms, duration of illness, type and site of intussusception, intestinal obstruction, and organic lead points is appraised. The reduction rate during the last decade was 87%.
HUMAN FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION: II. ENERGY METABOLISM IN LEUKOCYTES
Authors: Yoshida T. , Metcoff J. , Morales M. , Rosado A. , Sosa A. , Yoshida P. , Urrusti J. , Frenk S. , Velasco L.
Published: December 2021

This study was initiated to determine if there was a unique pattern for certain cell energy functions in leukocytes of mothers and their small for gestational age (IUM) infants at the time of birth. Further, the study attempted to determine if these patterns of cell energy functions were similar to those found in infants with severe postnatal protein-calorie malnutrition.

In leukocytes, the protein/DNA ratio (cell size) was larger in the IUM infants (cord blood) and their mothers than in those of the full-term (FT) and premature (AGA) groups. The contents of ATP, total adenine nucleotides, pyruvic kinase (PK), and adenylate kinase (AK) in leukocytes of IUM infants were significantly lower than those of the ACA and FT infants.

The energy charge of the adenylate system was calculated from the content of adenine nucleotides (ATP + ½ ADP) ÷ (ATP + ADP + AMP). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups.

A new parameter of cellular energy metabolism was suggested, based on the functional relationship between ATP and ADP which can be partially regulated by AK. Tentatively, this relationship is called the "energy capacity" and is quantified as (ATP + ½ ADP) x AK. The energy capacity in leukocytes of the IUM infants and their mothers was significantly lower than that of the FT and AGA infants and their mothers, respectively.

On the whole, the altered pattern of energy metabolism in leukocytes of the IUM infants was similar to that found in young infants with severe postnatal protein-calorie malnutrition, thus adding further support to the concept that fetal growth retardation is a manifestation of malnutrition in utero.

The similarity of enzyme pattern and adenine nucleotide contents between maternal and cord blood leukocytes at the time of delivery suggests some interrelation between energy metabolism in mothers and their fetuses.
CALORIE DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN WITH UREMIA: EFFECT UPON GROWTH
Authors: Holliday Malcolm A.
Published: December 2021

Appetite failure leading to caloric deficiency is a factor in the poor growth of children with chronic renal disease. Management of these children on chronic hemodialysis has afforded an opportunity to examine the consequences of caloric deficiency, the role of appetite, and the value of supplying extra calories to improve growth.

The choice of caloric deficiency in uremia as the subject for the first William Wallace Lecture is fitting because of William Wallace's lifelong interest in nutrition and growth. Dr. Wallace had an ability to examine old problems and dogmas from new perspectives and provoked his associates to join him in these inquiries; his paper on "Why and How are Children Fat?" raised questions about the physiological and emotional factors which might cause children to eat in excess of calorie expenditure and become too fat.

The opposite problem, malnutrition or caloric deficiency, is presented by children with renal failure. In this lecture I would like to review the energy requirements of normal children during growth, the factors which can limit food intake and lead to caloric deficiency in sickness, and the special reasons why children with uremia are more prone to develop calorie deficiency than adults. The term calorie balance or expenditure is used rather than energy balance or expenditure because the amount of calorie intake is the critical factor I wish to examine.

CALORIE REQUIREMENTS AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF CALORIE DEFICIENCY

An understanding of the normal relation of calorie expenditure to body size and composition as growth proceeds is a prerequisite to a consideration of the greater susceptibility of children with uremia to calorie deficiency.
BURN ENCEPHALOPATHY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Antoon Alia Y. , Volpe Joseph J. , Crawford John D.
Published: December 2021

Numerous reports suggest that burn encephalopathy has an obscure etiology. It has been our experience, however, that the cause is usually readily discovered.

Neurological disturbances ranging from hallucination, personality changes, and delirium to seizures and coma were encountered in 20 children among 140 admitted with acute thermal injury to our unit during a two-year period. Encephalopathy was not restricted to children with the most extensive burns. Hypoxia was the principal determinant in nine of the 20 cases, hypovolemia in one, sepsis in four, hvponatremia in four, while cortical vein thrombosis was the cause of focal seizures in one child. In but a single patient was the cause obscure. Encephalopathy associated with hypertension or hypercalcemia was not encountered.

Ten children succumbed to their burns. Only one died as a primary result of his central nervous system insult, the rest having been lost because of uncontrolled infections. All survivors of encephalopathic episodes showed virtually complete neurological recovery despite severe and prolonged symptoms in several of the children.
REPORT OF A CASE OF PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY AND PREGNANCY IN 1834
Authors: C. T. E.
Published: December 2021

In 1834 Dr. D. Rowlett of Kentucky reported the following remarkable occurrence of precocious puberty and pregnancy in a 10-year-old girl.

Sally Deweese, daughter of John Deweese, was born in Butler county, Kentucky, on the 7th of April, 1824. She was of the ordinary size, but her hips and breasts began to grow rapidly in a few weeks after she was born, and at twelve months of age she began to menstruate, and her hips and breasts had become so large as to be the objects of common remark; and as she took no pains to conceal her condition, her menstruating so young, became a fact of public notoriety, which continued regular till some time in the year 1833, when she became pregnant, and on the 20th day of April, 1834, she was delivered of a healthy female child, weighing seven and three-fourth pounds. Thus, at the age of ten years and thirteen days, she became the mother of a child of ordinary size; which, however, refused to suck her, and has been so far raised by the bottle. It is as healthy as is usual for children to be when raised from the bottle, and at the time of taking these notes it weighed eight and three-fourth pounds, and its mother weighed one hundred pounds. She was four feet seven inches high and had the countenance of a girl not exceeding her in years, but is as intelligent as girls generally are at her age.

She was the fifteenth child her mother had given birth to, and was born when her mother was forty-five years of age.
Laboratoriums Diagnose: Hämatologischer und Immunologischer Erkrankungen, by H. Huber, D. Pastner, and F. Gabi. Berlin/Heidelberg/New York: Springer-Verlag, 1972, 381 pp., $21.20. (In German)
Authors: Eichenwald Heinz F.
Published: December 2021

While the title of this volume might suggest a text in clinical pathology, this is a far more extensive work than that. In the first and major portion, the authors address themselves to the practicing physician, utilizing a systematic approach to guide him in a logical and step-by-step fashion through the complexities of immunologic and hematobogic disease and diagnosis. For example, the physician might decide on the basis of a compatible clinical picture that his patient is suffering from some type of hemolytic lytic anemia.
PREVENTION OF VARICELLA IN HIGH RISK CHILDREN: A COLLABORATIVE STUDY
Authors: Brunell Philip A. , Gershon Anne A. , Hughes Walter T. , Riley Harris D. , Smith John
Published: December 2021

It has been shown that varicella can be prevented in susceptible normal children by administration of zoster immune globulin (ZIG) following exposure. A dose adequate to prevent illness in a normal child, however, appeared only to modify the disease when given to a leukemic child. It appeared, therefore, that larger quantities of antibody might be required to prevent varicella in high risk children. A collaborative study was thus undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of ZIG in children considered to be at high risk from varicella. Susceptible children with leukemia or other malignancies, or with defects in cellular immunity on either a genetic or an iatrogenic basis were considered to be at high risk. Such children from collaborating centers were preregistered in the study, and ZIG was administered after a household exposure to varicella had occurred. Nine high risk children received ZIG within 48 hours following a household exposure. Varicella was prevented or modified in eight of these children. One child who received a less potent preparation of ZIG developed progressive varicella, but subsequently recovered. ZIG in adequate dosage, administered within 48 hours of exposure, may be expected to prevent or modify varicella in high risk children.
Concerns of Mothers in a Pediatric Clinic
Authors: Waller David A. , Levitt Eugene E.
Published: December 2021

Five hundred and fourteen mothers who brought their children to a pediatric clinic for either well baby or nonroutine visits were given a questionnaire asking "Reason for visit" and "What concerns you most about your child?" Questionnaires with both questions answered were submitted to independent raters for categorization of concerns. The majority of mothers in the nonroutine group expressed a concern that was not a repetition of the reason for visit. Usually the concern was specific and related to the reason for visit, but one of ten children was brought by a parent whose major concern about her child was specific and unrelated to her "chief complaint." A large proportion of mothers bringing their children for well baby visits expressed a specific concern about their babies.
Neonatal Blood Loss as a Complication of Fetal Monitoring
Authors: Scanlon John W. , Walkley Edward I.
Published: December 2021

A case of significant fetal bleeding secondary to scalp arterial laceration from an implanted monitoring electrode is presented. This case suggests that routine surveillance for unsuspected fetal bleeding due to electrode implantation might be useful, particularly following emergency obstetrical procedures.
THE SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME
Authors: Forsyth William B. , Allen John E. , Brinkley Joseph W. , Chenoweth Alice D. , Hunter Gertrude , Miller Roland E. , North A. Frederick , Schloesser Patricia T. , Siegel Earl , Wagner Marsden G. , Mindlin Rowland L. , Clayton Robert J. , Friedman David B. , Peters Ann DeHuff
Published: December 2021

The finding of an apparently healthy infant dead in his crib is as big a shock to physicians as to the parents. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a definite entity that cannot be predicted and, therefore, cannot be prevented. Commonly known as "crib death" or "cot death," SIDS causes approximately 10,000 infant deaths each year in the United States. It is responsible for approximately three deaths of every 1,000 births. After the first week of life, SIDS is the most important single cause of death of infants under 1 year of age; it ranks second only to accidents as the greatest cause of death in children less than 15 years of age. It is more frequent in winter months, has a higher incidence in males and among lower socioeconomic groups, and has a peak incidence at 3 months of age. SIDS can he confirmed, but not explained, at autopsy by changes in the tissues of the respiratory system and the absence of other lethal lesions.

This statement was prepared to provide guidelines for the pediatrician for his contact with the family and the agencies in the community when SIDS occurs.

Because guilt feelings are usually associated with SIDS, the parents will need counsel and support to help alleviate these feelings, especially when they begin to wonder what they did wrong. The family should be encouraged to talk freely about their feelings, and they can be told about the usual reactions to losing a child. The counseling given initially may not be effective because of the emotional shock immediately following the infant's death; therefore, the pediatrician should again meet with the family a day or two after the death.
Competition in Circulation of Medical Literature
Authors: Widome Mark D.
Published: December 2021

I have not yet received my August issue of Pediatrics, and already, the October issue of Playboy is on the newsstands!
Blood Sampling From Scalp Arteries in Infants
Authors: Schlueter Mureen A. , Johnson Barbara B. , Sudman Dorothy A. , Wang Leslie Y. , Namkung Paulette , Heasley Suzanne V. , Haddock Susan A. , Tooley William H.
Published: December 2021

Frequent measurements of arterial blood oxygen tension are necessary in order to regulate the amount of environmental oxygen needed by infants with cardiopulmonary disease.1 In 1964, Thomsen2 described a technique for intermittent sampling of arterial blood from the temporal artery of small infants. Since we have successfully used a modification of her method during the past 6½ years, we thought it useful to describe our procedure and our experience with it.

Technique

For sampling, we insert a needle into the lumen of the frontal or parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery which we located by palpation. We try to perform the puncture when the infant is in a "steady state," by which we mean that breathing is regular, the infant is not agitated, and the concentration of inspired oxygen has been constant for at least 15 minutes.
The School Physician and His Role: A Constructive Conclusion
Authors: Wessel Morris A.
Published: December 2021

John Menkes' editorial A New Role For The School Physician in the June issue is of great importance. It focuses on a perplexing clinical problem which confronts many of us daily.

Pediatricians, whether they work in schools, child guidance clinics, outpatient clinics, or private offices, often see children who, with or without "soft" or "hard" neurological signs, are experiencing difficulties in their educational development. Many of these children present subtle difficulties in visual motor areas, such as in hand and eye coordination.
Infant Mortality, Breast-Feeding, and Improved Health Surveillance
Authors: Cunningham Allan S.
Published: December 2021

References 3 and 4 of the letter: Infant Mortality, Breast-Feeding, and Improved Health Surveillance, by Dr. Allan S. Cunningham, Pediatrics, 50:823, were in error. They should be corrected to:

3. Grulee, C. S., Sanford, H. N., and Schwartz, H.: Breast and artificially fed infants. A study of the age incidence in the morbidity and mortality in twenty-thousand cases. JAMA, 104: 1986, 1935.

4. Woodbury, R. M.: The relation between breast and artificial feeding and infant mortality. Amer. J. Hygiene, 2:668, 1922.
When Your Child Needs Help: A Psychiatrist Looks At The Emotional Problems Of Children, by Charles R. Shaw, M.D. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1972, 309 pp., $7.95
Authors: Friedman Stanford B.
Published: December 2021

The reader's impression of this book is determined, to a large degree, by his opinion of the appropriateness of what amounts to a textbook in child psychiatry for parents. In the Introcluction, the author states:

This book is written for Parents: Parents who know that they have an emotionally disturbed child or those who suspect that they may have one. These two groups will read the book from somewhat different viewpoints. If you belong to the first group, you will be interested in checking the diagnosis to see if it fits your child, to see whether he is getting the right kind of treatment, to see if the outlook is as your doctor said.
COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH SERVICES FOR CHILDREN: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF BENEFIT
Authors: Moore Gordon T. , Frank Kenneth
Published: December 2021

This study explores the benefit of a Health Center offering comprehensive health servicces to children by examining the effect of these services on school absenteeism. Average school absenteeism for the 991 children in the study group increased from 10.4 to 13.7 days respectively, for the school years prior to and about two years after the opening of the Center. No statistically significant relationship could be demonstrated between different levels of use of services at the Health Center and changes in absenteeism during the study.

Several alternative explanations of these results are proposed. Further studies of outcomes of comprehensive health care are needed if medical planners are to be able to allocate resources effectively.
WAS SIR WALTER SCOTT'S LAMENESS CAUSED BY POLIOMYELITIS?
Authors: C. T. E.
Published: December 2021

The following autobiographical account of one of Sir Walter Scott's illnesses would strongly suggest that his lameness was due to poliomyelitis. As such, it probably amounts to the earliest case on record in the British Isles–or possibly anywhere.1 Sir Walter wrote:

I showed every sign of health and strength until I was about eighteen months old. One night, I have been often told, I showed great reluctance to be caught and put to bed, and after being chased about the room, was apprehended and consigned to my dormitory with some difficulty. It was the last time I was to show much personal agility. In the morning I was discovered to be affected with the fever which often accompanies the cutting of large teeth. It held me three days. On the fourth, when they went to bathe me as usual, they discovered that I had lost the power in my right leg. My grandfather, an excellent anatomist as well as physician, the late worthy Alexander Wood, and many others of the most respectable of the faculty, were consulted. There appeared to be no dislocation or sprain; blisters and other topical remedies were applied in vain.

When the efforts of regular physicians had been exhausted, without the slightest success, my anxious parents, during the course of many years eagerly grasped at every prospect of cure which was held out by the promise of empirics, or of ancient ladies and gentlemen who conceived themselves entitled to recommend various remedies, some of which were of a nature sufficiently singular.
IgA SYNTHESIS BY JEJUNAL BIOPSIES FROM PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND HEREDITARY PANCREATITIS
Authors: Falchuk Z. Myron , Taussig Lynn M.
Published: December 2021

Immunologic abnormalities have been described recently in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We have evaluated local IgA production by jejunal mucosa in vitro in seven patients with CF, seven patients with hereditary pancreatitis (HP), and 29 normal subjects. IgA synthesis in biopsy specimens was assessed by measuring 14C-L-leucine incorporation into IgA. Pancreatic enzymes were absent in all CF patients, and in two of seven HP patients; in four HP patients enzyme levels were reduced to 20% of normal.

The mean IgA incorporation value in CF patients was 20,373 ± 9,244 cpm/mg protein (mean ± SD), and in HP patients was 11,403 ± 4,585, both values significantly greater than normal (6,688 ± 2,449) (p µ 0.001). In addition, the mean IgA incorporation value in CF patients was greater than the value in HP patients. (p µ 0.05). Within each patient group there was no correlation between IgA incorporation values and serum IgA levels, age, Shwachman score, severity of lung disease, type of bacteria in sputum cultures, or roentgenographic abnormalities of the small bowel.

The most reasonable explanation for the findings is that patients with CF and HP are under an increased local antigenic stimulus, perhaps due to an altered gastrointestinal environment which leads to increased local IgA production.
THE FATE OF CHILDREN SUSTAINING SEVERE HEAD TRAUMA DURING BIRTH
Authors: Natelson Stephen E. , Sayers Martin P.
Published: December 2021

During a five-year period, 42 infants who sustained head trauma during the birth process were evaluated soon thereafter at Columbus Children's Hospital. Their findings are described. By information available up to 13 years later, 31% were normal and 14% mildly handicapped; 43% had died or were severely handicapped and 12% could not be located.
THE THIRTEEN-YEAR-OLD LADY JANE GREY DESCRIBES HER LOVE OF LEARNING TO ROGER ASCHAM
Authors: C. T. E.
Published: December 2021

Roger Ascham (1515-1568), English humanist, scholar and tutor to Princess Elizabeth, wrote a widely acclaimed treatise on the teaching of Latin entitled The Scholemaster which was first published in 1570. What largely contributed to its fame, then and now, was its picture of Lady Grey and her love of learning.

Lady Jane Grey (1537-1554), queen of England for only nine days, was beheaded without cause on February 12, 1554. The contemporary English historian, S. T. Bindoff writes that few lovelier heads have worn a crown and no purer a spirit ever inhabited a royal person than Jane Grey's; and if she lacked the divinity which hedges kings, she had more than a touch of sanctity which hallows saints.1

Ascham described his celebrated call on Lady Jane Grey at Brodegate in 1550 in these words:

Before I went into Germany, I came to Brodegate in Leicestershire, to take my Leave of that noble Lady Jane Grey, to whom I was exceeding much beholding. Her parents, the Duke and Duchess, with all the Household, Gentlemen and Gentlewomen, were hunting in the Park. I found her in her Chamber, reading Phaedo Platonis in Greek, and that with as much Delight, as some Gentlemen would read a merry Tale in Boccace. After Salutation, and Duty done, with some other Talk, I asked her, why she would lose such Passtime in the Park? Smiling, she answered me:

"I wist, all their Sport in the Park is but a Shadow to that Pleasure that I find in Plato, Alas! good Folk, they never felt what true Pleasure meant.
A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF URETHRAL OBSTRUCTION IN FEMALE CHILDREN
Authors: Walker Dixon , Richard George A.
Published: December 2021

In this article we have attempted to partially review the literature in regard to bladder outlet obstruction in female children. It should be reiterated that, despite the great amount of information available and the number of studies done, when subjected to critical evaluation, there is no distinctive study at this time which clearly indicates that routine surgical correction, either by bladder neck revision, dilation, urethrotomy, or meatotomy, alters the course of recurrent urinary tract infections to any significant degree.
THE MEDICAL CARE OF AUTISTIC CHILDREN
Authors: Cohen Donald J.
Published: December 2021

Childhood autism is the most overwhelming psychiatric disturbance of childhood. Announcing its presence during the first year or two of life, its natural history is often a profound, life-long developmental disability affecting every sphere of social, emotional, and intellectual functioning. Kanner's1 classic description of children who have difficulty in relating to people and things from the beginning of life has been followed by an abundance of studies expanding our knowledge of the clinical features of autism. Children with autism have been found to present a variety of disturbances in language, perception, neurophysiological organization, and emotional and behavioral control.2-5 Unfortunately, epidemiologic, genetic, and metabolic investigations are limited, as they are for all serious psychiatric disturbances in childhood.
Excerpt VIII: Wolf and the Lamb
Authors: Cone Thomas E.
Published: December 2021

The warning implied in the moral of the fable above1 was a favorite one of many writers in the early days of the Republic. The Reverend John Abbot was realistic enough to warn boys (schools at the time were only for boys) how much the moral life demanded of them. He wrote:

"You will often find that which is wrong, to be popular, and but few, and they perhaps reviled and persecuted, advocating that which is right.... The mass of men are corrupt and take the easy way or they are too meek."2
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Guttman Frank
Published: December 2021

Having just returned from Switzerland where I was Visiting Professor for three months, I agree with Dr. Riggs's observation that European radiologists make the dignosis of hiatal hernia more readily than in North Amenica. While there are some surgeons in Europe who operate on these patients when there are a minimum of symptoms, the majority with whom I discussed this problem operate under the same strict indications which we follow on this side of the Atlantic, i.e., failure to thrive, intractable vomiting not relieved by medical management, stricture and ulceration of the esophagus or severe esophagitis.
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Lucey Jerold F.
Published: December 2021

This conference was held in Stowe, Vermont under the auspices of the Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont School of Medicine with funds donated by Winthrop Laboratories.

The purpose of the conference was to assemble as much of the recent and past evidence bearing on hexachlorophene and its usage in the nursery as was available at the time (June 1972) and to publish these studies as rapidly as possible so that physicians would be well informed on the subject.

The reader will find both sides of the argument about hexachlorophene presented and commented upon. I believe that, if he reads this tome, he will have a great deal more sympathy and understanding for the complexity of the problems involved. When one listens to experts in conflict, decisions are never easy. However, it is my hope that this publication will serve the practicing pediatrician by furnishing him with a clear view of both sides of the issue.