bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency-assisted transection of the pancreas vs stapler in distal pancreatectomy: a propensity score matched cohort analysis
Authors: Pueyo-Périz E. , Téllez-Marquès C. , Radosevic A. , Morató O. , Visa L. , Ilzarbe L. , Berjano E. , de Vicente E. , Poves I. , Ielpo B. , Grande L. , Burdío F. , Sánchez-Velázquez P.
Published: May 2022

To demonstrate the efficacy of radiofrequency for pancreatic stump closure in reducing the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) in distal pancreatectomy (DP) compared with mechanical transection methods. Despite all the different techniques of pancreatic stump closure proposed for DP, best practice for avoiding POPF remains an unresolved issue, with an incidence of up to 30% regardless of center volume or surgical expertise. DP was performed in a cohort of patients by applying radiofrequency to stump closure (RF Group) and compared with mechanical closure (Control Group). A propensity score (PS) matched cohort study was carried out to minimize bias from nonrandomized treatment assignment. Cohorts were matched by PS accounting for factors significantly associated with either undergoing RF transection or mechanical closure through logistic regression analysis. The primary end-point was the incidence of clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF). Of 89 patients included in the whole cohort, 13 case patients from the RF-Group were 1:1 matched to 13 control patients. In both the first independent analysis of unmatched data and subsequent adjustment to the overall propensity score-matched cohort, a higher rate of CR-POPF in the Control Group compared with the RF-Group was detected (25.4% vs 5.3%, p = 0.049 and 53.8% vs 0%; p = 0.016 respectively). The RF Group showed better outcomes in terms of readmission rate (46.2% vs 0%, p = 0.031). No significant differences were observed in terms of mortality, major complications (30.8% vs 0%, p = 0.063) or length of hospital stay (5.7 vs 5.2 days, p = 0.89). Findings suggest that the RF-assisted technique is more efficacious in reducing CR-POPF than mechanical pancreatic stump closure.
Total synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of (+)-hygrophorone B12 and its analogues
Authors: Kamishima Takaaki , Suzuki Masato , Narita Koichi , Koseki Yoshitaka , Nonaka Toshiyuki , Nakatsuji Hirotaka , Hattori Hideo , Kasai Hitoshi
Published: May 2022

This paper describes the synthesis and evaluation of lead compounds with a new chemical skeleton that is not found in conventional antimicrobial agents. The biologically attractive cyclopentenoid (+)-hygrophorone B12, isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hygrophorus abieticola, and its analogues were synthesized in a longer linear sequence of twelve steps, starting from a cyclopentenone derivative. This synthesis involved the following crucial steps: (i) oximation of a ketone to stabilize the requisite aldehyde to install a side chain and (ii) coupling of an aldehyde with a side chain to assemble the desired hygrophorone. Then, the antimicrobial activity of these hygrophorones towards clinically relevant bacterial pathogens was evaluated. The results showed that hygrophorone B12 and its analogues are especially effective in preventing the proliferation of gram-positive bacteria. In addition, it was found that some structural features such as the presence of the enone moiety as well as the carbon–carbon triple bond on the hydrocarbon chain were pivotal to increase the antimicrobial activity of hygrophorone B. This study is expected to support the development of novel antimicrobial agents by flexibly synthesizing hygrophorone B analogues with a carbon five-membered ring skeleton from the common intermediate.
Laminar shear stress inhibits inflammation by activating autophagy in human aortic endothelial cells through HMGB1 nuclear translocation
Authors: Meng Qingyu , Pu Luya , Qi Mingran , Li Shuai , Sun Banghao , Wang Yaru , Liu Bin , Li Fan
Published: May 2022

Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) by targeting the inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells has attracted much attention in recent years. Laminar shear stress (LSS) has well-recognized anti-AS properties, however, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that LSS could inhibit the increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) caused by TNF-α in an autophagy-dependent pathway in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor B2 (EPHB2) was a key gene in response to LSS. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that LSS could enhance the EPHB2-mediated nuclear translocation of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), which interacts with Beclin-1 (BECN1) and finally leads to autophagy. Simultaneously, we identified an LSS-sensitive long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), LOC10798635, and constructed an LSS-related LOC107986345/miR-128-3p/EPHB2 regulatory axis. Further research revealed the anti-inflammatory effect of LSS depends on autophagy activation resulting from the nuclear translocation of HMGB1 via the LOC107986345/miR-128-3p/EPHB2 axis. Our study demonstrates that LSS could regulate the expression of EPHB2 in HAECs, and the LOC107986345/miR-128-3p/EPHB2 axis plays a vital role in AS development.
Full quantum control of enantiomer-selective state transfer in chiral molecules despite degeneracy
Authors: Leibscher Monika , Pozzoli Eugenio , Pérez Cristobal , Schnell Melanie , Sigalotti Mario , Boscain Ugo , Koch Christiane P.
Published: May 2022

The driven quantum asymmetric top is an important paradigm in molecular physics with applications ranging from quantum information to chiral-sensitive spectroscopy. A key prerequisite for these applications is the ability to completely control the rotational dynamics. The inherent degeneracy of quantum rotors poses a challenge for quantum control since selecting a particular rotational state cannot be achieved by spectral selection alone. Here, we prove complete controllability for rotational states of an asymmetric top belonging to degenerate values of the orientational quantum number M. Based on this insight, we construct a pulse sequence that energetically separates population in degenerate M-states. Introducing the concept of enantio-selective controllability, we determine the conditions for complete enantiomer-specific population transfer in chiral molecules and construct pulse sequences for the example of propanediol and carvone molecules for population initially distributed over degenerate M-states. Our work shows how to leverage controllability analysis for the solution of practical quantum control problems.
In vitro-based human toxicity effect factors: challenges and opportunities for nanomaterial impact assessment
Authors: Romeo Daina , Hischier Roland , Nowack Bernd , Jolliet Olivier , Fantke Peter , Wick Peter
Published: May 2022

Drawing the picture of the opportunities and challenges of using in vitro data to calculate effect factors in LCA.
Performance of biochars for the elimination of trace organic contaminants and metals from urban stormwater
Authors: Spahr Stephanie , Teixidó Marc , Gall Sarah S. , Pritchard James C. , Hagemann Nikolas , Helmreich Brigitte , Luthy Richard G.
Published: May 2022

Biochar amendments to conventional sand filters can remove hydrophilic trace organic contaminants from urban stormwater and are, therefore, a good barrier to protect the aquatic environment.
Technoeconomic analysis of corn stover conversion by decentralized pyrolysis and electrocatalysis
Authors: Das Sabyasachi , Anderson James E. , De Kleine Robert , Wallington Timothy J. , Jackson James E. , Saffron Christopher M.
Published: May 2022

Coupling renewable electricity with corn stover biomass using electrocatalytic hydrogenation of pyrolysis bio-oil is potentially economically competitive vs. cellulosic ethanol.
Inverted organic photovoltaics with a solution-processed Mg-doped ZnO electron transport layer annealed at 150 °C
Authors: Ierides Ioannis , Ligorio Giovanni , McLachlan Martyn A. , Guo Kunping , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W. , Cacialli Franco
Published: May 2022

Mg acetate is added to Zn acetate solutions to form Mg-doped ZnO electron transport layers with an annealing temperature of 150 °C. Application of the Mg-doped ZnO in organic photovoltaic enhances the efficiency compared to devices with undoped ZnO.
Halogen-bonded architectures of multivalent calix[4]arenes
Authors: Gullo Maria Chiara , Marchiò Luciano , Casnati Alessandro , Baldini Laura
Published: May 2022

A 2D halogen bonded network of calixarene macrocycles was obtained by co-crystallization of a 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene as a tetravalent XB donor with a bidentate XB acceptor.
Asymmetric transport and desalination in graphene channels
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhang Xinke , Liu Yuzhen , Su Jiaye
Published: May 2022

An asymmetric desalination phenomenon occurs in graphene channels with different geometries.
A new mechanistic proposal for the aromatic cycle of the MTO process based on a computational investigation for H-SSZ-13
Authors: Plessow Philipp N. , Enss Annika E. , Huber Philipp , Studt Felix
Published: May 2022

The paring mechanism of the aromatic cycle of the hydrocarbon pool is reinvestigated based on the heptamethylbenzenium cation adsorbed within H-SSZ-13 using quantum chemical calculations.
Role of iron contaminants in the pathway of ultra-stable Y zeolite degradation
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Peng Bo , Zhou Qiaoqiao , Zheng Aiguo , Gao Xiuzhi , Qi Yu , Yuan Shuai , Zhu Yuxia , Zhang Lian , Song Haitao , Da Zhijian
Published: May 2022

Iron promotes the chemical equilibrium of the dealumination process by inducing the mobility and agglomeration of extra-framework aluminum, and further facilitates the formation of sillimanite at a lower temperature of 1000 °C.
A case study in green chemistry: the reduction of hazardous solvents in an industrial R&D environment
Authors: Dutta Piyali , McGranaghan Andrea , Keller Isabelle , Patil Yogesh , Mulholland Nicholas , Murudi Vikrant , Prescher Horst , Smith Alex , Carson Nessa , Martin Chris , Cox Paul , Stierli Daniel , Boussemghoune Mohamed , Barreteau Fabien , Cassayre Jérôme , Godineau Edouard
Published: May 2022

A two-year collective effort towards the reduction by 50% of the usage of 7 hazardous solvents (Green Chemistry Principle #5) within a large-scale industrial R&D organization.
Controllable electrostatic manipulation of structure building blocks in noble metal aerogels
Authors: Wei Wei , Hübner René , Georgi Maximilian , Wang Cui , Wu Xiaodong , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: May 2022

An electrostatic manipulation method has been presented by directly mixing oppositely charged noble metal nanoparticle solutions to prepare the corresponding noble metal hydrogels without introducing additional reagents.
Acid responsiveness of emissive morpholinyl aminoquinolines and their use for cell fluorescence imaging
Authors: Fukumoto Yuri , Umeno Tomohiro , Kuramochi Hina , Hamada Koichi , Matsumoto Shota , Suzuki Noriko , Usui Kazuteru , Mizutani Akihiro , Karasawa Satoru
Published: May 2022

The alkylmorpholine group is well-known to favor accumulation in lysosomes, but the TFMAQ derivatives containing ethylmorpholine groups only showed limited accumulation in lysosomes and, instead, preferential accumulation in lipid droplets.
A facile approach to C-functionalized β-ketoimine compounds via terminal alkylation of a tetralithiated intermediate
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Xu Xiaojuan , Zhu Xu , Zheng Yu , Chen Sufang , Xue Mingqiang
Published: May 2022

An innovative way to tune β-ketoiminate preligands was provided and the process of alkylation was clarified.
Removal of nitrogenous heterocycles by a CoMoS3/NH2-MIL-53(Fe)-catalyzed photo-Fenton-like process: effect, mechanism and toxicity evaluation
Authors: Ma Na , Xue Ping , Jin Zhengwei , Yang Shuai , Ma Lan , Li Rui
Published: May 2022

A novel flower-like visible light catalyst CoMoS3/NH2-MIL-53(Fe) (expressed as CMS@NMF) was synthesized through a convenient hydrothermal method.
Borane-catalyzed dehydrogenative C–C bond formation of indoles with N-tosylhydrazones: an experimental and computational study
Authors: Dipika  , Sharma Yogesh Brijwashi , Pant Suyash , Dhaked Devendra Kumar , Guru Murali Mohan
Published: May 2022

A novel dehydrogenative C–C bond formation of indoles and N-tosylhydrazones to give di(indolyl)methanes (DIMs) has been demonstrated using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as a catalyst.
Excellent physicochemical and sensing characteristics of a RexOy based pH sensor at low post-deposition annealing temperature
Authors: Das Munmun , Chakraborty Titisha , Lei Kin Fong , Lin Chan Yu , Kao Chyuan Haur
Published: May 2022

The physico-chemical and pH sensing properties of mixed-valence rhenium oxide (RexOy) were investigated. The sensor showed high sensitivity, reliability, stability, and reproducibility.
Chemical synthesis of human selenoprotein F and elucidation of its thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity
Authors: Liao Peisi , Liu Hongmei , He Chunmao
Published: May 2022

The chemical synthesis of the 134-residue human selenoprotein F (SelF) was accomplished on a multi-milligram scale. The synthetic SelF exhibits typical thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase activity.
New insights into the environmental performance of perovskite-on-silicon tandem solar cells – a life cycle assessment of industrially manufactured modules
Authors: Roffeis Martin , Kirner Simon , Goldschmidt Jan-Christoph , Stannowski Bernd , Perez Laura Miranda , Case Christopher , Finkbeiner Matthias
Published: May 2022

A life cycle assessment points to environmental advantages of industrially manufactured perovskite-on-silicon tandem cell (PST) modules over silicon hetero-junction cell (SHJ) modules.
The magnetohydrodynamic effect enables a dendrite-free Zn anode in alkaline electrolytes
Authors: Liang Peng , Li Qing , Chen Liming , Tang Zijie , Li Zhengtai , Wang Yao , Tang Yongchao , Han Cuiping , Lan Zhongwen , Zhi Chunyi , Li Hongfei
Published: May 2022

A novel strategy of applying external magnetic fields is proposed to tackle the challenging alkaline Zn dendrite issue. Benefiting from the magnetohydrodynamic effect, the ultra-flat zinc deposit and long-term cycling stability of the Zn battery was achieved.
Antiferromagnetic quaternary chalco-halide Ba3(FeS4)I with long Fe⋯Fe distances
Authors: Xiao Yi , Zhang Xian , Wang Ruiqi , An Simin , Huang Fuqiang
Published: May 2022

A new chalco-halide Ba3(FeS4)I was synthesized, which shows a remarkable antiferromagnetic phase transition at 108 K realized by the novel Fe–S⋯S–Fe super–super exchanges.
Thermal relaxation and cooling of quark stars with a strangelet crust
Authors: Zapata J. , Sales T. , Jaikumar P. , Negreiros R.
Published: May 2022

Context. In this article we explore the cooling of isolated quark stars. These objects are structured from a homogeneous quark matter core and crusted by ordinary matter or by strangelets.

Aims. Our main purpose is to quantify the effects of a strangelet crust on the cooling and relaxation times of these strange stars.

Methods. We adopt two kinds of crust: (i) a crust made of purely nuclear matter following the Baym-Pethick-Sutherland equation of state (EOS) and (ii) a crust made of nuggets of strange quark matter (strangelets). Both models have the same quark matter core, described by the MIT bag model EOS. Our study also includes the possible effects of color superconductivity in the quark core.

Results. We have found that objects with a strangelet crust have a significantly different thermal relaxation time.
Muster bestimmt Prognose – Evidenz-Update Muskelverletzungen
Authors: Rohloff Ron , Doyscher Ralf
Published: May 2022

Jede Muskelverletzung ist anders. Allen gemein ist jedoch, dass das Muster der Verletzung maßgeblich die Prognose bestimmt und dass eine Nachbehandlung unerlässlich ist, damit das Gewebe mit möglichst wenig narbigem Ersatzgewebe ausheilt.
In der Statik liegt die Kraft – Isometrisches Training in Prävention und Rehabilitation
Authors: Hartmann Patrick
Published: May 2022

Beim Krafttraining in der Reha denken viele an dynamisches Training. Oft sind dessen Effekte besser auf alltägliche und sportliche Aktivitäten übertragbar – das zeigt die aktuelle Forschungslage. Doch es gibt auch Gründe, die für die isometrische Trainingsform sprechen. Zum Einsatz kommt es beispielsweise dann, wenn Trainierende wegen einer Verletzung nur in bestimmten Gelenkwinkeln üben dürfen.
„Mit Digitalisierung muss ich nicht anfangen, wenn ich den Datenschutz nicht ernst nehme“ – Interview mit Rechtsanwalt D. Benjamin Alt
Authors: Ermel Johannes
Published: May 2022

In Zeiten von Corona ist die Nachfrage nach telemedizinischen Angeboten stark gestiegen. Rechtsanwalt D. Benjamin Alt, der auch Justiziar des Verbandes Physikalische Therapie (VPT) ist, sprach mit uns über Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung.
Verfügbarkeit von Medikamenten für die Behandlung von Katzen mit Augenerkrankungen in Deutschland – Diskrepanz zwischen Theorie und Wirklichkeit
Authors: Farger Michaela Veronika , Eule Johanna Corinna
Published: May 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Es gibt nur wenige Ophthalmologika, die speziell für Katzen zugelassen sind, weshalb häufig humanmedizinische Arzneimittel angewandt werden. Die Anwendung, Umwidmung, Abgabe und Verschreibung von Arzneimitteln ist in Deutschland durch das Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG) und die Verordnung über tierärztliche Hausapotheken (TÄHAV) geregelt. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Daten über das Vorkommen und die Häufigkeit von Erkrankungen des Katzenauges zu gewinnen sowie die Häufigkeit der Notwendigkeit einer Umwidmung darzustellen. Ausgehend von den erhobenen Daten wurden evidenzbasiert optimale Behandlungspläne erstellt und diese im Hinblick auf die Umsetzbarkeit in Deutschland überprüft.

Material und Methoden Es wurden Daten von 876 Katzen (01.01.2015–31.12.2018) mit Augenproblemen aus der Klinik für kleine Haustiere der Freien Universität Berlin sowie einer Kleintierpraxis in Süddeutschland ausgewertet. Anschließend wurde überprüft, welche Medikamente zugelassen und/oder im Rahmen von Umwidmungen für diese Patienten in Deutschland theoretisch zugänglich gewesen wären.

Ergebnisse Bei 925 ophthalmologischen Untersuchungen wurden 1198 Diagnosen gestellt. Zu den am häufigsten vorkommenden Diagnosen zählten Konjunktivitis, Keratitis, Uveitis, hypertensive Retinopathie und Glaukom. 885/1198 (73,9 %) waren behandlungspflichtige Erkrankungen, was 722/925 (78,1 %) Fällen entspricht. Für alle Patienten wäre gemäß den entwickelten evidenzbasierten Therapieplänen eine Therapie möglich gewesen – in 225/722 (31,2 %) Fällen ohne Umwidmung und in 497/722 (68,8 %) Fällen mit Umwidmung. Bei 481/497 (96,8 %) der Umwidmungsfälle wären humanmedizinische, bei 28/497 (5,6 %) veterinärmedizinische und in 60/497 (12,2 %) individuell hergestellte Arzneimittel benötigt worden. In 36/722 (5 %) der Fälle wäre jedoch im Rahmen des rechtlichen Spielraums keine optimale Versorgung möglich gewesen.

Schlussfolgerung Die ophthalmologische Therapie der Katze ist unter Zuhilfenahme der Therapienotstandsregelung innerhalb des gesetzlichen Rahmens in Deutschland möglich. Lediglich 5 % der Patienten konnten medizinisch nicht optimal versorgt werden. Diese Lücke könnte durch eine möglichst breite Zulassung von Ophthalmologika sowie durch die Entwicklung und Erforschung neuer Wirkstoffe und Tierarzneimittel geschlossen werden.
Laparoscopic ovariectomy in a dog with type III sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis and literature review
Authors: Brückner Michael , Bogisch Sandra
Published: May 2022

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis is a rare and not well-recognized disease in veterinary medicine. A 14-month-old female intact mixed-breed dog was diagnosed with sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) at the age of 5 months after a routine work-up including biopsies from an exploratory laparotomy. Symptomatic treatment with an immunosuppressive dose of prednisolone was started, but dose reduction was unsuccessful. Combined treatment with tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator used for its TGF-β1 suppression of fibroblasts was discussed; the owner was informed about the risk for developing a pyometra. About one year later the owner wanted to spay her dog and an ovariectomy was recommended, especially due to the extensive adhesions. A laparoscopic approach was chosen to reduce the amount of intraoperative tissue manipulation and inflammation, as well as to minimize the size of the incision. The dog continues to be doing well one year after surgery and prednisolone could be reduced to a low maintenance dose after surgery; so far, the addition of tamoxifen was not required. In selected cases, laparoscopy appears as a safe alternative in patients with adhesions, but the surgeon should always be prepared to convert in case of impaired vision, especially in the absence of tactile sensation. This case report is the first description of laparoscopy in a dog with SEP. Laparoscopy may serve as an easily accomplished minimally invasive method to diagnose SEP, but further studies are required.
Food Interactions Observed in a Pharmacokinetic Investigation Comparing Two Marketed Cold Preparations (BNO1016 and ELOM-080) after Administration to Beagle Dogs – A Pilot Study
Authors: Seibel Jan , Neumann Astrid , Müller Anne , Wonnemann Meinolf
Published: May 2022

Sinupret extract (BNO 1016) and Gelomyrtol forte (ELOM-080) represent the two top-selling cold remedies in Germany nowadays. Whereas BNO 1016 is a typical immediate release coated tablet, ELOM-080 is an enteric-coated soft gelatin capsule. The latter formulation, however, is at risk of pharmacokinetic interactions affecting absorption, especially in cases of concomitant food intake. In the present pilot study, we investigated the risk of a possible food effect in three male beagle dogs. Single doses of BNO 1016 and ELOM-80 were administered under fasting and fed conditions. Blood was sampled up to 30 h post-administration and plasma concentrations of the characteristic ingredients of BNO 1016 as well as ELOM-080 analytes were determined. Pharmacokinetic parameters focusing on the rate and extent of absorption were derived. BNO 1016 analytes demonstrated a similar course in both the fasted and fed states. ELOM-080 analytes also showed a similar picture in the fasted state. However, lag times (time from administration to first quantifiable time point in plasma) of up to 2 h post-administration with corresponding time to reach maximum concentration (obtained directly from the measured concentration) values of 3 to 4 h were observed, reflecting a longer gastric residence time. In the fed state, ELOM-080 showed significant pharmacokinetic characteristics, suggesting a clear food effect. A major observation was a double peak phenomenon that could be observed in two of three dogs. Furthermore, lag times of some analytes, up to 3 – 4 h, and corresponding time to reach maximum concentration values, up to 6 – 8 h, occurred. In contrast to BNO 1016, these findings suggest that, as with other enteric-coated formulations, there may also be a significant risk for food effects with ELOM-080 in humans.
Parameterization of Arynophiles: Experimental Investigations towards a Quantitative Understanding of Aryne Trapping Reactions
Authors: McCormick Theresa M. , Stuart David R. , Metze Bryan E. , Bhattacharjee Avik
Published: May 2022

Arynes are highly reactive intermediates that may be used strategically in synthesis by trapping with arynophilic reagents. However, ‘arynophilicity’ of such reagents is almost completely anecdotal and predicting which ones will be efficient traps is often challenging. Here, we describe a systematic study to parameterize the arynophilicity of a wide range of reagents known to trap arynes. A relative reactivity scale, based on one-pot competition experiments, is presented by using furan as a reference arynophile and 3-chlorobenzyne as a the aryne. More than 15 arynophiles that react in pericyclic reactions, nucleophilic addition, and σ-bond insertion reactions are parameterized with arynophilicity (A) values, and multiple aryne precursors are applicable.
Evaluation of Potential Benefits and Limitations of Noise-Management Technologies for Children with Hearing Aids
Authors: Wolfe Jace , Duke Mila , Miller Sharon , Schafer Erin , Jones Christine , Rakita Lori , Dunn Andrea , Browning Stephanie , Neumann Sara
Published: May 2022

Abstract Background Children with hearing loss frequently experience difficulty understanding speech in the presence of noise. Although remote microphone systems are likely to be the most effective solution to improve speech recognition in noise, the focus of
this study centers on the evaluation of hearing aid noise management technologies including directional microphones, adaptive noise reduction (ANR), and frequency-gain shaping. These technologies can improve children's speech recognition, listening comfort, and/or sound quality in noise. However,
individual contributions of these technologies as well as the effect of hearing aid microphone mode on localization abilities in children is unknown. Purpose The objectives of this study were to (1) compare children's speech recognition and subjective perceptions across five
hearing aid noise management technology conditions and (2) compare localization abilities across three hearing aid microphone modes. Research Design A single-group, repeated measures design was used to evaluate performance differences and subjective ratings. Study Sample Fourteen
children with mild to moderately severe hearing loss. Data Collection and Analysis Children's sentence recognition, listening comfort, sound quality, and localization were assessed in a room with an eight-loudspeaker array. Results and Conclusion The use of
adaptive directional microphone technology improves children's speech recognition in noise when the signal of interest arrives from the front and is spatially separated from the competing noise. In contrast, the use of adaptive directional microphone technology may result in a decrease in
speech recognition in noise when the signal of interest arrives from behind. The use of a microphone mode that mimics the natural directivity of the unaided auricle provides a slight improvement in speech recognition in noise compared with omnidirectional use with limited decrement in speech
recognition in noise when the signal of interest arrives from behind. The use of ANR and frequency-gain shaping provide no change in children's speech recognition in noise. The use of adaptive directional microphone technology, ANR, and frequency-gain shaping improve children's listening comfort,
perceived ability to understand speech in noise, and overall listening experience. Children prefer to use each of these noise management technologies regardless of whether the signal of interest arrives from the front or from behind. The use of adaptive directional microphone technology does
not result in a decrease in children's localization abilities when compared with the omnidirectional condition. The best localization performance occurred with use of the microphone mode that mimicked the directivity of the unaided auricle.
COVID-19 and Deafness: Impact of Face Masks on Speech Perception
Authors: Tofanelli Margherita , Capriotti Vincenzo , Gatto Annalisa , Boscolo-Rizzo Paolo , Rizzo Serena , Tirelli Giancarlo
Published: May 2022

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has made wearing face masks a common habit in public places. Several reports have underlined the increased difficulties encountered by deaf people in speech comprehension, resulting in a higher risk of social isolation
and psychological distress. Purpose To address the detrimental effect of different types of face masks on speech perception, according to the listener hearing level and background noise. Research Design Quasi-experimental cross-sectional study. Study
Sample Thirty patients were assessed: 16 with normal hearing [NH], and 14 hearing-impaired [HI] with moderate hearing loss. Data Collection and Analysis A speech perception test (TAUV) was administered by an operator trained to speak at 65 dB, without a face
mask, with a surgical mask, and with a KN95/FFP2 face mask, in a quiet and in a noisy environment (cocktail party noise, 55 dB). The Hearing Handicap Index for Adults (HHI-A) was administered twice, asking subjects to complete it for the period before and after the pandemic outburst.
A 2-way repeated-measure analysis of variance was performed. Results The NH group showed a significant difference between the no-mask and the KN95/FFP2-mask condition in noise (p = 0.01). The HI group showed significant differences for surgical or KN95/FFP2
mask compared with no-mask, and for KN95/FFP2 compared with surgical mask, in quiet and in noise (p < 0.001). An increase in HHI-A scores was recorded for the HI patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion Face masks have a detrimental effect
on speech perception especially for HI patients, potentially worsening their hearing-related quality of life.
Discharge characteristics of steady-state high-density plasma source based on cascade arc discharge with hollow cathode
Authors: Yamasaki K. , Yanagi O. , Sunada Y. , Hatta K. , Shigesada R. , Sumino M. , Yamaguchi T. , Islam Md. Anwarul , Tamura N. , Okuno H. , Namba S.
Published: May 2022

We developed a steady-state high-density plasma source by applying a hollow cathode to a cascade arc discharge device. The hollow cathode is made of a thermionic material (LaB6) to facilitate plasma production inside it. The cascade arc discharge device with the hollow cathode produced a stationary plasma with an electron density of about 1016 cm−3. It was found that the plasma source produces a strong pressure gradient between the gas feed and the vacuum chamber. The plasma source separated the atmospheric pressure (100 kPa) and a vacuum (100 Pa) when the discharge was performed with an argon gas flow rate of 5.0 l/min and a discharge current of 40 A. An analysis of the pressure gradient along the plasma source showed that the pressure difference between the gas feed and the vacuum chamber can be well described by the Hagen–Poiseuille flow equation, indicating that the viscosity of the neutral gas is the dominant factor for producing this pressure gradient. A potential profile analysis suggested that the plasma was mainly heated within cylindrical channels whose inner diameter was 3 mm. This feature and the results of the pressure ratio analysis indicated that the temperature, and, thus, viscosity, of the neutral gas increased with the increasing number of intermediate electrodes. The discharge characteristics and shape of the hollow cathode are suitable for plasma window applications.
Remnant thickness quantification in small thickness structures utilising the cut-off property of A1 Lamb wave mode employing linear array elements
Authors: Suresh Nived , Balasubramaniam Krishnan
Published: May 2022

Ultrasonic guided waves play an essential role in determining the severity of defects in plate–pipe-like structures. One of the parameters that influence the decision to replace a defective structure is the thickness remaining in the structure. Hence, a precise measurement of the remaining thickness is essential in many industries. The objective of this paper is the quantification of defects in small thickness structures. The cut-off property of the guide wave mode is applied to quantify the lowest remnant thickness of defects in small thickness structures. Implementing the cut-off approach in small thickness structures is challenging because of the small wavelength requirements. A linear array transducer, capable of selectively exciting the transducer elements, is used for this application to transmit and receive wave modes. The study focuses on the A1 Lamb wave mode and its cut-off behaviors. The remnant thickness reflects the A1 mode if the frequency of the wave mode is lower than the cut-off frequency of the defect. The reflection of the A1 mode from the defect is analyzed at multiple frequencies utilising the wavelength constrained excitation. The frequency below which the A1 mode appears indicated the remnant thickness of the defect. Furthermore, an advanced excitation approach using the broadband A1 mode identifies the remnant thickness values from a single experiment. In addition, rather than specifying a range of remnant thickness, it precisely quantified its value. This approach was capable of identifying remnant thickness within a maximum error of 2.3% among the set of examples selected.
Coexistence of infinitely many patterns and their control in heterogeneous coupled neurons through a multistable memristive synapse
Authors: Njitacke Tabekoueng Zeric , Shankar Muni Sishu , Fonzin Fozin Théophile , Dolvis Leutcho Gervais , Awrejcewicz Jan
Published: May 2022

The phenomenon of hidden heterogeneous extreme multistability is rarely reported in coupled neurons. This phenomenon is investigated in this contribution using a model of a 2D FitzHugh–Nagumo neuron coupled with a 3D Hindmarsh–Rose neuron through a multistable memristive synapse. The investigation of the equilibria revealed that the coupled neuron model is equilibrium free and, thus, displays a hidden dynamics. Some traditional nonlinear analysis tools are used to demonstrate that the heterogeneous neuron system is able to exhibit the coexistence of an infinite number of electrical activities involving both periodic and chaotic patterns. Of particular interest, a noninvasive control method is applied to suppress all the periodic coexisting activities, while preserving only the desired chaotic one. Finally, an electronic circuit of the coupled neurons is designed in the PSpice environment and used to further support some results of the theoretical investigations.
Hypergraph assortativity: A dynamical systems perspective
Authors: Landry Nicholas W. , Restrepo Juan G.
Published: May 2022

The largest eigenvalue of the matrix describing a network’s contact structure is often important in predicting the behavior of dynamical processes. We extend this notion to hypergraphs and motivate the importance of an analogous eigenvalue, the expansion eigenvalue, for hypergraph dynamical processes. Using a mean-field approach, we derive an approximation to the expansion eigenvalue in terms of the degree sequence for uncorrelated hypergraphs. We introduce a generative model for hypergraphs that includes degree assortativity, and use a perturbation approach to derive an approximation to the expansion eigenvalue for assortative hypergraphs. We define the dynamical assortativity, a dynamically sensible definition of assortativity for uniform hypergraphs, and describe how reducing the dynamical assortativity of hypergraphs through preferential rewiring can extinguish epidemics. We validate our results with both synthetic and empirical datasets.
Vibrations of wind turbine blades in standstill: Mapping the influence of the inflow angles
Authors: Horcas S. G. , Sørensen N. N. , Zahle F. , Pirrung G. R. , Barlas T.
Published: May 2022

The present investigation used numerical simulations to study the vibrations of a wind turbine blade in standstill. Such vibrations are presumed to affect horizontal axis wind turbine designs and can jeopardize the structural integrity of the machine. The applied numerical methods relied on a fluid–structure interaction (FSI) approach, coupling a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver with a multibody finite-element structural solver. A 96-m-long wind turbine blade was studied for a large parametric space, accounting for the variation of both pitch and inclination. The inclination was defined as the angle between the freestream velocity and the cross-sectional plane at the root, allowing for the introduction of a flow component in the spanwise direction. The pitch variation corresponded to the rotation of the inflow around the spanwise axis, steering the angles of attack seen by the airfoils. Two regimes of vibrations were characterized, depending on the considered range of the inclination angle. For high inclinations, the pitch angles leading to vibrations clustered around a particular region of the parametric space, and the appearance of large oscillations was accompanied by the synchronization of the loading with the frequency of motion. At low inclination angles, the mechanism triggering vibrations was relatively similar, even if the excitation spectrum was richer, and the critical pitch angles seemed to be more scattered. Regardless of the inflow, the problem was highly three-dimensional, and several complex flow phenomena such as oblique shedding and phase dislocations were identified.
Lattice-Boltzmann modeling of buoyancy-driven turbulent flows
Authors: Taha M. , Zhao S. , Lamorlette A. , Consalvi J. L. , Boivin P.
Published: May 2022

The pressure-based hybrid lattice-Boltzmann method presented by Farag et al. [“A pressure-based regularized lattice-Boltzmann method for the simulation of compressible flows,” Phys. Fluids 32, 066106 (2020)] is assessed for the simulation of buoyancy driven flows. The model is first validated on Rayleigh–Benard and Rayleigh–Taylor two-dimensional cases. A large-eddy simulation of a turbulent forced plume is then carried out, and results are validated against experiments. Good overall agreement is obtained, both for mean and fluctuation quantities, as well as global entrainment. The self-similarity characteristic of the plume in the far-field is also recovered.
Research on the force mechanism of two tandem cylinders in a stratified strong shear environment
Authors: Wang Yin , Wang Lingling , Ji Yong , Zhang Jie , Xu Ming , Xiong Xiahui , Wang Chunling
Published: May 2022

A large-eddy simulation of a three-dimensional numerical wave flume is used to study the forces on two tandem cylinders in a stratified strong shear internal wave (IW) environment. By analyzing the pressure distribution and the flow field around two cylinders compared with that of a single cylinder, the mechanism for the influence of the center-to-center (CTC) spacing (L), which is normalized by the cylinder diameter (D), i.e., (L/D), between the two tandem cylinders on the vortex disturbance intensity is explored, further revealing the mechanical response characteristics of the upstream (P1) and downstream (P2) cylinders. The results show that the vortex between two cylinders is the key factor affecting the pressure resistance of the cylinders in the IWs of the depression environment. The vortex disturbance intensity can be distinguished by a normalized critical CTC spacing (Lc/D): when L/D ≤ Lc/D = 2.5, the disturbance is strong, causing P1 and P2 to undergo large forces along and in the opposite direction of the waves, respectively. In addition, the vortex disturbance is more severe in the upper layer than in the lower layer. The correlation between the nondimensional force amplitude (CFn-max) and L/D and that between CFn-max and the nondimensional IW amplitude (ηo/H) is quantified. In the strong disturbance area (L/D ≤ Lc/D), CFn-max has an exponential relationship with (L/D)/(ηo/H) for P1 and is a power function of (L/D)/(ηo/H) for P2.
Numerical examination of high-pressure fuel injection in common rail injector based on hydro-mechanical model
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Shi Ji-Wei , Cheng Xu-Liang , Dai Yan-Jun , Tao Wen-Quan
Published: May 2022

The design of a high-pressure common rail injector is critical to the efficient operation of a high-power internal combustion engine. In this study, we develop a one-dimensional model of a hydro-mechanical system to examine the dynamic behavior of the injector. We use the validated model to investigate the effects of the operating conditions and internal structural parameters on the rate of injection, and analyze its dynamic response under single- and multi-injection conditions. The results show that the rail pressure and energizing time have different effects on the delays in opening and closing, and a sufficiently long energizing time is needed to lift the needle to a fully open position. A smaller semi-angle of the seat of ball valve might initiate faster injection. The diameter of the hole, half-angle of the seat, and half-angle of the cone of the needle valve all have positive effects on the rate of injection. The critical dwell time increased with the rail pressure under an energizing time of 0.5 ms, while the opposite result is obtained under energizing times of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ms.
Optimising conservation translocations of threatened
Authors: Reiter Noushka , Menz Myles H. M.
Published: May 2022

Context Conservation translocations are increasingly being used in the management of rare plants, yet have low success in maintaining populations through recruitment. Aims We investigated whether the survival of translocated plants, recruitment and, therefore, cost effectiveness, can be improved by selecting optimal microsites for both adults and seedlings. Methods Caladenia colorata plants propagated symbiotically with Serendipita australiana (n = 735) were introduced to four sites where the pollinator was present and vegetation matched wild populations. Plant demography was monitored over 6 years. The relationship between microsite variables and measures of orchid survival, re-emergence, flowering and recruitment were analysed with generalised linear mixed-effects models. We then estimated potential improvement in emergence and recruitment, if microsite selection was optimised. Key results A total of 77% of plants survived translocation, and populations grew by 84% through recruitment (n = 615). Survival was positively associated with cover of leaf litter, graminoids and cryptogams. Recruitment was positively correlated with soil moisture. The majority of recruitment was within 5 cm of adult C. colorata plants. The potential improvement by selecting favourable microsites increased adult survival by up to 8% and recruitment by 10–40%. Conclusions Incorporating both the germination niche and adult plant niche within plant translocations more broadly could significantly improve long-term population persistence and the utilisation of conservation funding. Implications Our results are directly applicable to 58 endangered Caladenia species in the subgenus Calonema, owing to their shared mycorrhizal association with S. australiana. Furthermore, our results are applicable to all plant translocations as understanding germination niche and microhabitat requirements is likely to improve success overall.
Measurement of functional adequacy in different learning contexts
Authors: Kuiken Folkert , Vedder Ineke
Published: May 2022

Linguistic performance elicited by language tasks has generally been operationalized in terms of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). However, this study argues that assessment of L2 proficiency is impossible without taking into account the adequacy and efficacy of L2 performance. To that end, we developed a rating scale for measuring functional adequacy (FA). In order to investigate the validity, reliability, and applicability of the rating scale, a number of studies are reviewed in which FA was assessed by both expert and non-expert raters, in different learning contexts, for L2 and L1, involving various source and target languages, proficiency levels, task types and modalities. We discuss perspectives and challenges for the use of the FA rating scale, particularly with regard to task-based language assessment (TBLA).
Temperature and environmental degradation: an international evidence
Authors: Vo Duc Hong
Published: May 2022

Introduction

The effects of temperature have largely been under-examined in climate change studies. This study examines both direct and indirect effects of temperature on environmental degradation using the sample of 103 middle-income countries from 1985 to 2019. Unlike previous studies in which a single equation approach is utilized, our study considers the simultaneous equations modelling to examine the energy-growth-environment nexus incorporating temperature and corruption. The difference and system generalized method of moments estimations for panel data are used.

Outcomes

Empirical results from this paper confirm both the direct and indirect effects (via energy consumption) of temperature on environmental degradation. We find corruption harms economic growth in middle-income countries. The continued use of fossil fuel energy in energy consumption deteriorates environmental quality. Our findings confirm the critical role of the services sector in supporting economic growth and reducing emerging consumption, leading to increased environmental quality.

Conclusion

Findings from our study reconfirm the vital role of renewable energy and its extended use in achieving dual objectives of supporting economic growth and improving the environmental quality in middle-income countries.
Trivalent rare-earth-codoped silicate phosphor materials (Ba1.3Ca0.7−x−y
SiO4: xDy3+/yEu3+) for solid-state lighting
Authors: Golja Desta R , Dejene Francis B , Kim Jung Yong
Published: May 2022

Trivalent dysprosium/europium-codoped silicate phosphors (Ba1.3Ca0.7x−y
SiO4: xDy3+/yEu3+) were prepared as a function of Eu3+ concentration (x = 0.03 and y = 0.01–0.05). The phosphors showed the averaged crystallite size of ∼37.2 ± 1.3 nm and displayed nano-/micro-scale grains with some void defects. The energy bandgap is about 4.3 eV for co-doped samples and 3.2 eV for the silicate host. The photoluminescence spectra indicated that the presence of Eu3+ ions enhanced the red light emission, and the emission peaks located at the versatile wavelengths of 482, 577, 592, 614, 652, and 703 nm. Then, the internal quantum efficiencies were estimated by using the Judd–Ofelt model. Resultantly, the best quantum efficiency was ∼74% when the doping concentrations were 3 mol% Dy3+ and 4 mol% Eu3+ ions. Finally, the CIE coordinate data exhibited that the emission color could be tuned from white to reddish-orange by changing the Eu3+ contents, proposing the applicability of Ba1.3Ca0.7−x−y
SiO4:xDy3+/yEu3+ phosphors to the solid-state lighting.