bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Measurement Of Bilateral Cheilorrhaphy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Putri Indri Lakhsmi , Zarasade Lobredia , Wulandari Pratidina
Published: August 2021

Background: Bilateral cheilorraphy has higher complexity compared to unilateral cheilorraphy. Anthropometric measurements provide nasolabial identification of the surgery result objectively. This study aims to assess the outcome of bilateral cheilorrhaphy with the Djohansjah technique at Surabaya CLP Center.Methods: 26 patients underwent bilateral cheilorrhaphy from January 1 to December 31, 2018 at the Surabaya CLP Center. Anthropometric measurements were performed on control photos one year post-surgery with GIMP application (GNU Image Manipulation Software) version 2.10.12 (www.gimp.org) to measure the cupid’s bow width ratio, hemilabial length ratio, nasal width ratio, and philtrum ridge length ratio. A statistical analysis was performed using Independent Sample t-Tes and Mann-Whitney Test.Results: An anthropometric size difference test based on preoperative condition was performed. No significant difference of the cupid’s bow width ratio, hemilabial length ratio, nasal width ratio, and philtrum ridge length ratio between the group of identical cleft lip and unidentical cleft lip with p > 0.05 was found. Likewise, there was no difference between the identical cleft alveolar and unidentical cleft alveolar, as well as the group with or without cleft palate.Conclusions: Symmetry of lips, nose, and philtrum was achieved with bilateral cheilorrhaphy with the Djohansjah technique at the Surabaya CLP Center and there was no significant difference in cupid's bow width ratio, hemilabial length ratio, nasal width ratio, and philtrum ridge length ratio on preoperative cleft condition.
Efficacy of Amniotic Membrane-Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Burn wounds: Metaanalysis study
Authors: Bermani Bayu Fasi , Budi Agus Santoso , Hutagalung Magda Rosalina
Published: August 2021

Background : Burn injury is a trauma with high morbidity and mortality that requires special management from the start. stem cells have generated great hopes for the treatment of numerous conditions including burns. The Metaanalysis was performed for these preclinical studies to assess the efficacy and possible mechanisms of Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cell (AM-MSC) in treating burn wounds.Methods: . Seven studies identified by searching PubMed, MEDLINE,  databases from inception to October 2020. In addition, a manual search of references of studies was performed to obtain potential studies. Stata 16 was used for all data analysis.Results : The overall meta-analysis showed that AM-MSC therapy significantly improved burn healing rate (SMD 3.34, 95% CI 1.82 to 4.86), irrespective of transplant type, burn area, and treatment method in the control groupConclusions: Metaanalysis showed that AM-MSC therapy exerts appears to exert a positive effect in burn wound healing, mainly through angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory actions.  There is, therefore, justification for continued efforts to evaluate variations in future clinical studies using stem cells to treat a burn wound in order to maximize the effectiveness.  the use of stem cells as an adjunct to first-line therapies in burns.
Faktor Resiko dan Karakteristik Infantil Hemangioma di RSUD Dr. Soetomo Tahun 2015 - 2019
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad , Budi Agus , Handriani Ira
Published: August 2021

Latar belakang: Hemangioma infantil merupakan tumor yang banyak ditemukan pada anak-anak. Di Indonesia sendiri, data mengenai faktor risiko hemangioma infantil ini masih belum terdokumentasikan dengan baik. Namun dengan adanya data demografis, faktor-faktor prenatal dan perinatal pada pasien hemangioma infantil dapat membantu klinisi untuk mendalami patogenesis kelainan ini dengan lebih baik. Diharapkan dalam penelitian ini, adanya data demografis ini dapat membantu peneliti lainnya untuk melakukan analisis lebih lanjut mengenai patogenesis, diagnosis, tatalaksana, maupun luaran pasien dengan hemangioma infantil.Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan studi case control. Sebanyak 67 subyek hemangioma infantil dan 134 subyek hemangioma non infantil diambil dari data rekam medis. Kemudian data diolah dan disajikan untuk melihat angka kejadian dan presentase antar faktor resiko terhadap kejadian hemangioma infantil. Data yang diambil yaitu jenis kelamin pasien, berat badan, usia ibu saat hamil, usia kehamilan saat melahirkan, riwayat multipel gestasi, riwayat penggunaan obat-obatan saat kehamilan dan riwayat keluarga dengan hemangioma infantil. Kemudian dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan program spreadsheet Microsoft Excel SPSS 21.Hasil: Faktor resiko ibu yang berusia antara 22-30 tahun untuk melahirkan anak dengan hemangioma infantil 4,257 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan usia ibu kurang dari 22 tahun. Faktor resiko ibu yang berusia lebih dari 30 tahun untuk melahirkan anak dengan hemangioma infantil 9,960 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan usia ibu kurang dari 22 tahun. Faktor resiko pasien dengan adanya riwayat keluarga dengan hemangioma memiliki resiko 14,175 kali lebih besar dari pada yang tidak memiliki riwayat hemangioma infantil atau kelainan vaskular di keluarga. Faktor resiko penggunaan obat prekonsepsi selama kehamilan memiliki resiko 4,914 kali lipat daripada yang tidak menggunakan obat prekonsepsi selama kehamilan. Kesimpulan. Hemangioma infantil lebih sering terjadi pada perempuan dengan rata-rata berat badan lahir cukup. Paling banyak terjadi pada ras Melayu dibandingkan dengan ras Cina. Tidak adanya hubungan antara riwayat multipel gestasi dengan kejadian hemangioma infantil. Resiko ibu yang berusia 22-30 tahun untuk melahirkan anak dengan hemangioma infantil lebih besar dibandingkan dengan usia ibu kurang dari 22 tahun, dan usia ibu lebih dari 30 tahun memiliki faktor resiko lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan usia ibu kurang dari 22 tahun. Adanya riwayat keluarga dengan hemangioma infantil memiliki resiko lebih besar daripada yang tidak. Penggunaan obat-obatan selama kehamilan memiliki resiko terjadinya hemangioma infantil daripada yang tidak.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING NURSE ANXIETY DURING PANDEMIC COVID-19
Authors: Lestari Indri , Nursalam Nursalam , Nastiti Aria Aulia
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The development of cases of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Pati Regency which is increasing every day causes anxiety in nurses. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors that influence the anxiety level of nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic.Method: The research design used was descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sample size was 55 respondents, taken according to the inclusion criteria and sampling using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. The inclusion criteria in this study were nurses who worked in room units that did not treat Covid-19 patients and were cooperative at RSUD Kayen Pati. The independent variables in this study were perceptions of risk, workload as well as information and training. The dependent variable in this study was the level of anxiety of nurses. The instrument used for the perception of risk as well as information and training was a questionnaire from Gershon et al (1995), for the workload instrument using a questionnaire from  Nursalam (2016) while for anxiety instruments using a Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 42 questionnaire. Analysis using a test Logistics Regression statistic with significance level p<0.05.Results: The results showed that there was an influence between information and training (0.000), workload (0.000) and perceptions of risk (0.001) with nurses' anxiety levels during the Covid-19 pandemic. The most dominant factor giving the relationship between nurses' anxiety levels during the Covid-19 pandemic was information and training.Conclusion: Information and training factors, workload and perceptions of risk have an influence on nurses' anxiety levels during the Covid-19 pandemic.
KELAYAKAN DAN KONTRIBUSI USAHA LEBAH MADU KELULUT DI DESA TELAGA LANGSAT KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT
Authors: Ramadhan Irga Hutama , Abidin Z. , Abidin Z. , Fauzi H. , Satriadi T. , Itta D.
Published: August 2021

Tanah Laut District has been designated by the Ministry of Forestry as an area for developing Leading Non-Timber Forest Products (HHBK) in the form of honey bee cultivation. This is in line with the local government policy of Tanah Laut Regency through the Decree of the Regent of Tanah Laut Number: 188.45 / 463-KUM / 2013 which stipulates honey as the leading NTFP in Tanah Laut. The types of honey that are cultivated are bees Apis cerena, Apis mellifera and Kelulut (Trigona itama).  Dusun Trans Kopi Telaga Langsat, Tanah Laut district is one of the areas where there are farmers who practice kelulut honey bee cultivation. However, so far there has been no information or study results that show how feasible the honey cultivation business is carried out by kelulut honey bee farmers in this area. This research aims were analyzed the feasibility of honey bee cultivation and its contribution to farmer household income. The data collected  in this research were done by interviewing and observing. The analyzed of data had been obtained by BCR formula (Benefit Cost Ratio) to determine the feasibility of the business. The contribution of business was conducted to determine how much contribution of kelulut honey bee cultivation for  farmers' household income. The results showed that the business carried out by Yamani's kelulut honey bee business had a BCR value of 5.72 with a contribution to household income of 16.77%. Meanwhile, Rudi's kelulut honey bee business has a BCR of 8.73 with a contribution to household income of 8.99%. Kelulut honey bee cultivation which is carried out by the two farmers is a type of business that is worthy of investment because the value of each BCR is more than 1 (BCR> 1).
KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KEMERATAAN BURUNG PADA BERBAGAI TIPE HABITAT DI DESA ARTAIN KECAMATAN ARANIO KABUPATEN BANJAR KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Rahman Basuki , Fithria Abdi , Achmad Basir , Biyatmoko Danang
Published: August 2021

Artain is a village located opposite the Riam Kanan reservoir in Aranio District, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province. There are various types of habitat in the Village, from the edge of a reservoir to primary forest which is thought to be home to various birds species, which over time has the potential to degrade or change due to human activity which then reduces its quality and function as habitat for many birds species. It is necessary to research the diversity and evenness of birds in each habitat type in Artain, so that the existence of various bird species can be known. The research was conducted from May to June 2020, the method used in the study was the cruising circumference point, which is determining the observation point and its radius and then making observations by exploring the observation path continue. The results showed that there were 9 types of bird's habitat in Artain, they are Settlements, Periphery Reservoirs, Shrubs, Mixed Gardens, Rubber Gardens, Reeds, Fields, Secondary Forests, and Primary Forests. The lowest diversity value (H' = 1.25) was identified in field habitats and the highest (H' = 3.17) in scrub habitats, meaning that the level of diversity in all habitats was classified as moderate. The lowest evenness value in secondary forest habitats (E = 0.80) and the highest is mixed garden habitats and rubber gardens (E = 0.97), which means that evenness in each habitat is in the high category.
STRUKTUR VEGETASI SEKITAR JENIS POHON TANDUI (Mangifera rufocustata KOSTREM.) DI HULU SUNGAI SELATAN
Authors: Fitriani Adistina , Prihatiningtyas Eva
Published: August 2021

This research aims to analyze the vegetation that grow around the tandui plants/ This research done to support for the ex situ and in situ conservation of natural resources,The data collected in this research used proposive sampling methodd with 15 observation plots starting from seedlings, saplings, poles and trees. The analysis data was used the Importance Value Index (INP). The results showed that the seedling rate was dominated by Jambu Air (Syzygium aqueum) 114.65%, Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) 63.38%, Ramania (Bouea macrophylla) 47.92%, sapling rate was dominated by Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) 60.5%, Jambu Biji (Syzygium aqueum) 48.19%, Jingah (Gluta renghas) 41.77%, the pole level was dominated by Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) 175.60%, Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) 148.62% , Sungkai (Peronema canescens) 126.64% and the tree level is dominated by Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) 191.82%, Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) 108.78% and Langsat (Lansium domesticum) 84.60%
Editor’s Introduction: Highlighting Strategies of the Nonprofit Sector
Authors: Carroll Deborah A.
Published: August 2021

In this new issue of Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs, we offer a collection of Research Articles focused on the nature and implications of nonprofit higher education programs, the communication strategies and evidence-based information used by different types of organizations in the nonprofit sector, and the volunteering behaviors of nonprofit association members. Our Social Equity Section article highlights the important issue of re-entry and reintegration programs for ex-offenders to reduce recidivism and provide greater access to opportunity. Finally, we offer two Book Reviews related to these topics of important recent work focusing on higher education programs in public administration and advancing social equity.
Classification of Contaminated Insulators Using k-Nearest Neighbors Based on Computer Vision
Authors: Corso Marcelo Picolotto , Perez Fabio Luis , Stefenon Stéfano Frizzo , Yow Kin-Choong , García Ovejero Raúl , Leithardt Valderi Reis Quietinho
Published: August 2021

The contamination on the insulators may increase its surface conductivity and, as a consequence, electrical discharges occur more frequently, which can lead to interruptions in the power supply. To maintain reliability in the electrical distribution power system, components that have lost their insulating properties must be replaced. Identifying the components that need maintenance, is a difficult task as there are several levels of contamination that are hardly noticed during inspections. To improve the quality of inspections, this paper proposes to use the k-nearest neighbours (k-NN) to classify the levels of insulator contamination, based on the image of insulators at various levels of contamination simulated in the laboratory. Using computer vision features such as mean, variance, asymmetry, kurtosis, energy, and entropy are used for training the k-NN. To assess the robustness of the proposed approach, statistical analysis and a comparative assessment with well-consolidated algorithms such as decision tree, ensemble subspace, and support vector machine models are presented. The k-NN showed results of up to 85.17 % accuracy using the k-fold cross-validation method, with an average accuracy higher than 82 % for multi-classification of the contamination of the insulators, being superior to the compared models.
Analysis of Tilt Effect on Notch Depth Profiling Using Thin-Skin Regime of Driver-Pickup Eddy-Current Sensor
Authors: Lu Mingyang , Meng Xiaobai , Huang Ruochen , Peyton Anthony , Yin Wuliang
Published: August 2021

Electromagnetic eddy current sensors are commonly used to identify and quantify the surface notches of metals. However, the unintentional tilt of eddy current sensors affects results of size profiling, particularly for the depth profiling. In this paper, based on the eddy current thin-skin regime, a revised algorithm has been proposed for the analytical voltage or impedance of a tilted driver–pickup eddy current sensor scanning across a long ideal notch. Considering the resolution of the measurement, the bespoke driver–pickup, also termed as transmitter-receiver (T-R) sensor is designed with a small mean radius of 1 mm. Besides, the T-R sensor is connected to the electromagnetic instrument and controlled by a scanning stage with high spatial travel resolution , with a limit of 0.2 μm and selected as 0.25 mm. Experiments have been out on the voltage imaging of an aluminium sheet with 7 machined long notches of different depths using T-R sensor under different tilt angles. By fitting the measured voltage (both real and imaginary part) with proposed analytical algorithms, the depth profiling of notches is less affected by the tilt angle of sensors. From the results, the depth of notches can be retrieved within a deviation of 10 % for tilt angles up to 60 degrees.
The Basic Cycles of Vocational Training (Bpt) In Spain: Student Satisfaction and Perceived Benefit
Authors: Martínez-Carmona M.J. , Gil del Pino Carmen , Álvarez del Castillo J. L.
Published: August 2021

This study aims to better understand students who attend the Basic Vocational Training Cycles (FPB) regarding the measures to ensure diversity. This quantitative research project approximates the perception of students concerning their passage through their previous studies and their satisfaction and goals after finishing the school year. The sample con-sists of 352 students from Cordoba (Spain). A questionnaire has been used which follows the CIPP model. After the exploratory factor analysis was completed with the different groups of items and their descriptive analysis, various tests were carried out to consider the hypotheses (Pearson's correlation (r), one-factor analysis of variance and repeated ANOVA measures). The results indicate that the educational interest of the students is ac-ademic and professional. Likewise, there is no relationship detected between the appear-ance of socio-professional goals and average academic levels and the attributions with re-spect to repetitions of previous courses, although these goals vary depending on the satis-faction shown by the students with respect to the cycles. We conclude that the course of the FPB influences the adoption of decisions regarding academic-professional projects.
Prognostic Value of Resistance Proteins in Plasma Cells From Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated With Bortezomib
Authors: Robak Pawel , Szemraj J.; , Mikulski D.; , Drozdz I.; , Juszczak K; , Jarych D. , Robak W.; , Kościelny K; , Fendler W.; , Robak T.;
Published: August 2021

While multiple myeloma (MM) treatment with proteasome inhibitors and other agents yields encouraging results, primary and secondary resistance remains an emerging problem. An important factor in such treatment resistance is the overexpression of several proteins. The present study comprehensively evaluates the expression of POMP, PSMB5, NRF2, XBP1, cMAF and MAFb proteins in plasma cells isolated from the bone marrow of 39 MM patients treated with bortezomib-based regimens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proteins were selected on the basis of previous laboratory and clinical studies in bortezomib treated MM patients. It was found that the expression of the investigated proteins did not significantly differ between bortezomib-sensitive and bortezomib-refractory patients. However, the expression of some proteins correlated with overall survival (OS); this was significantly shorter in patients with higher POMP expression (HR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.0, p = 0.0277) and longer in those with higher MAFB expression (HR 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13-0.80, p = 0.0147). Our results indicate that high expression of POMP and MAFB in MM plasma cells may serve as predictors of OS in MM patients treated with bortezomib-based regimens. However, further studies are needed to determine the role of these factors in effective strategies for improving anti-myeloma therapy.
Left Cardiac Remodelling assessed by Echocardiography is Associated with Rho-kinase Activation in Long-distance Runners
Authors: Contreras-Briceño Felipe , Vega Julian , Mandiola Jorge , Ocaranza María Paz , Herrera Sebastián , Salinas Manuel , Fernández Rodrigo , Jalil Jorge E. , Lavandero Sergio , Chiong Mario , Godoy Paz , Castro Pablo F , Sitges Marta , Gabrielli Luigi
Published: August 2021

This single-blind and cross-sectional study evaluated the role of Rho-kinase (ROCK) as a biomarker of the cardiovascular remodelling process assessed by echocardiography in competitive long-distance runners (LDR) during the training period before a marathon race. Thirty-six healthy male LDR (37.0±5.3 years; 174.0±7.0 height; BMI: 23.8±2.8; VO2-peak: 56.5±7.3 mL·kg-1·min-1) were separated into two groups according to previous training level: high-training (HT, n=16) ≥100 km·week-1 and low-training (LT, n=20) ≥70 and <100 km·week-1. Also, twenty-one healthy nonactive subjects were included as a control group (CTR). A transthoracic echocardiography was performed and ROCK activity levels in circulating leukocytes were measured at rest (48-hr without exercising) the week before the race. HT group showed higher left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and left atrial volume index (LAVi) than other groups (p<0.05, for both), also higher levels of ROCK activity were found in LDR (HT=6.17±1.41 vs CTR=1.64±0.66 (p<0.01); vs LT=2.74±0.84; (p<0.05)). In LDR a direct correlation between ROCK activity levels and LVMi (r=0.83; p<0.001), and LAVi (r=0.70; p<0.001) were found. In conclusion, in male competitive long-distance runners, the load of exercise implicated in marathon training is associated with ROCK activity levels and the left cardiac remodelling process assessed by echocardiography.
Nanoliposomes Reduce Stroke Injury Following Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice
Authors: Ahmad Saif , Truran Seth , Karamanova Nina , Kindelin Adam , Lozoya Maria , Weissig Volkmar , Griffiths Daniel , Vail Tyler , Lifshitz Jonathan , Ducruet Andrew F. , Migrino Raymond Q.
Published: August 2021

Neuroprotective strategies for stroke remain inadequate. Nanoliposomes comprised of phos-phatidylcholine, cholesterol and monosialogangliosides (NL) induced an antioxidant protective response in endothelial cells exposed to amyloid insults. We tested the hypotheses that NL will preserve SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell viability following hypoxic injury and will reduce injury in mice following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neuroblastoma were exposed to 20-hour physoxic (5% oxygen) or hypoxic (1% oxygen) condition without or with NL (100 or 300 µg/mL). Viability was measured using calcein-AM fluorescence and SH-SY5Y gene expression of antioxidant proteins heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. C57BL/6J mice were treated with saline (N=8) or NL (10000 ug/mL, N=7) while undergoing 60-minute MCAO followed by reperfusion. Day 2 post-injury neurologic impairment score and infarction size were compared. Neuroblastoma showed reduced viability following hypoxia that was reversed by NL. NL increased gene expression of HO-1, NQO1 and SOD1 versus controls. NL-treated mice showed reduced neurologic impairment and brain infarct size (18.8±2% versus 27.3±2.3%, p=0.017) versus controls. NL reduced stroke injury in mice subjected to MCAO likely through induction of an antioxidant stress response. NL is a candidate novel agent for stroke.
Predictors of Spontaneous Remodelling of Angular Knee Deformities in Children with Healed Nutritional Rickets: A Prospective Cohort Study Protocol
Authors: Baraka Mostafa M. , Samir Shady , Mahmoud Shady , Elsedfy Heba , Mahmoud Rana A. , El-Sobky Tamer A.
Published: August 2021

Background: Nutritional rickets is still considered as a global health problem especially in low-resource countries and immigrant societies of developed countries. Generalized skeletal deformities including angular knee deformities as genu varum and genu valgum are prominent features of nutritional rickets. Angular knee deformities can cause gait difficulties. However, the true remodelling potential of the healed knee deformities is largely unknown to the pediatric and orthopedic community. Aims: The primary objective of this study protocol is to investigate the natural history of disease in regard to the remodelling potential of angular knee deformities in children and adolescents with healed nutritional rickets. And determine the potential patient- and deformity-related factors that are associated with a favorable deformity remodelling as age and sex of patients and type, severity, laterality of deformities etc. Methods: This will be a prospective observational analytical cohort natural history of disease study. A minimum of at least 140 knees with healed nutritional rickets and angular knee deformities will be observed at regular three-monthly intervals over a period of at least one year. We will report two outcome variables namely; clinical and radiological tibio-femoral angle. And independent patient and deformity-related variables as age, sex, deformity type, severity and laterality. Inferential statistics namely bivariate and multivariate analysis will be employed accordingly to identify the relation between outcome variables and the different independent variables. Ethics and dissemination: This protocol study has been approved by the institutional research ethics committee. Results will be presented at conferences and submitted to relevant international and society publications. Authors will also communicate the results to their scholarly networks and post them on scholarly networking sites. Conclusions: This study has the potential for improving the decision-making process as to which patients deserve conservative treatment and which deserve surgical deformity correction. Results are expected to have an impact on the clinical practice of pediatricians, orthopedic surgeons and family physicians alike.
Inhibition of Aminoglycoside 6’-N-Acetyltransferase Type Ib [Aac(6′)-Ib]: Structure-Activity Relationship of Substituted Pyrrolidine Pentamine Derivatives as Inhibitors
Authors: Rocha Kenneth , Magallon Jesus , Reeves Craig , Phan Kimberly , Vu Peter , Oakley-Havnes Crista , Kwan Stella , Ramirez Maria Soledad , La Voi Travis , Donow Haley , Santos Radleigh , Pinilla Clemencia , Giulianotti Marc , Tolmasky Marcelo
Published: August 2021

The aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6′)-Ib] is a common cause of resistance to amikacin and other aminoglycosides in Gram-negatives. Utilization of mixture-based combinatorial libraries and application of the positional scanning strategy identified an inhibitor of AAC(6′)-Ib. This inhibitor’s chemical structure consists of a pyrrolidine pentamine scaffold substituted at four locations (R1, R3, R4, and R5). The substituents are two S-phenyl (R1 and R4), an S-hydroxymethyl (R3), and a 3-phenylbutyl (R5) groups. Another location, R2, does not have a substitution, but it is named because its stereochemistry was modified in some compounds utilized in this study. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis using derivatives with different functionalities, modified stereochemistry, and truncations were carried out by assessing the effect of the addition of each compound at 8 µM to 16 µg/ml amikacin-containing media and performing checkerboard assays varying the concentrations of the inhibitor analogs and the antibiotic. The results showed that: 1) the aromatic functionalities at R1 and R4 are essential, but the stereochemistry is essential only at R4, 2) the stereochemical conformation at R2 is critical, 3) the hydroxyl moiety at R3 as well as stereoconformation are required for full inhibitory activity, 4) the phenyl functionality at R5 is not essential and can be replaced by aliphatic groups, 5) the location of the phenyl group on the butyl carbon chain at R5 is not essential, 6) the length of the aliphatic chain at R5 is not critical, 7) all truncations of the scaffold resulted in inactive compounds. Molecular docking revealed that all compounds preferentially bind to the kanamycin C binding cavity, and binding affinity correlates with the experimental data for most of the compounds evaluated. The SAR results in this study will serve as the basis for the design of new analogs in an effort to improve their ability to induce phenotypic conversion to susceptibility in amikacin-resistant pathogens.
Characterization of Komagataeibacter Isolate Reveals New Prospects on Waste Stream Valorization for Bacterial Cellulose Production
Authors: Cannazza Pietro , Rissanen Antti , Guizelini Dieval , Losoi Pauli , Sarlin Essi , Romano Diego , Santala Ville , Mangayil Rahul
Published: August 2021

Komagataeibacter spp. have been used for the bioconversion of industrial wastes and lignocellulosic hydrolysates to bacterial cellulose (BC). Recently studies have demonstrated the capacity of Komagataeibacter spp. in the biotransformation of inhibitors found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, aromatic lignin-derived monomers (LDMs) and acetate. In general, detoxification and BC synthesis from lignocellulosic inhibitors requires a carbon flow from acetyl-coA towards tricarboxylic acid and gluconeogenesis, respectively. However, the related molecular aspects have not yet been identified in Komagataeibacter spp. In this study, we isolated a cellulose producing bacteria capable of synthesizing BC in a minimal medium containing crude glycerol, a by-product from biodiesel production process. The isolate, affiliated to Komagataeibacter genus, synthesized cellulose in minimal medium containing glucose (3.3±0.3 g/L), pure glycerol (2.2±0.1 g/L) and crude glycerol (2.1±0.1 g/L). Genome assembly and annotation identified four copies of bacterial cellulose synthase operon and genes for redirecting the carbon from central metabolic pathway to gluconeogenesis. According to the genome annotations, a BC production route from acetyl-CoA, a central metabolic intermediate, was hypothesized and was validated using acetate. We identified that when K. rhaeticus ENS9b was grown in minimal medium supplemented with acetate, BC production was not observed. However, in presence of readily utilizable substrate, such as spent yeast hydrolysate, acetate supplementation improved BC synthesis.
Measuring Energy Poverty and Its Impact on Economic Growth in Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Shafqut , Khan Muhammad , Yoon Seong-Min
Published: August 2021

During the last two decades, energy poverty has captured a growing attention of researchers and policymakers due to its strong association with economic poverty and poor economic performance. This study uses a broad set of macro level indicators and makes the first attempt to measure energy poverty and its impact on economic growth of Pakistan over the period 1990 to 2017. In particular, our energy poverty indicator considers four main dimensions of energy poverty, namely, energy services, clean energy, energy governance and energy affordability. Our main results show that though the overall energy poverty has reduced in Pakistan during the selected sample period, the country shows an increasing dependence on polluted energy supply in order to meet its growing demand of energy. In second stage of the investigation, we test the neoclassical growth theory where we incorporate energy poverty along with human capital as source of economic growth. Our cointegration results reveal a strong relationship between energy poverty and economic growth that is also dynamically stable in short run. These strong negative linkages between energy poverty with economic growth for the sample economy complement the previous literature on the subject.
Los contextos institucionales de la transición energética en España y Hungría: la diversidad de un objetivo comunitario
Authors: Rodríguez Segura Francisco Javier , Frolova Marina
Published: August 2021

Las políticas energéticas de los diferentes países de la Unión Europea están marcadas por varios objetivos comunitarios entre los que se encuentra alcanzar un 32 % de consumo energético renovable sobre el consumo total para 2030. Si bien existen unos objetivos ambiciosos para impulsar la transición energética en Europa, el desarrollo de EERR ha sido desigual entre países. El artículo analiza cómo se está desarrollando en España y Hungría el proceso de transición energética a través del estudio comparativo de los contextos instituciones sobre los que se fundamenta dicho proceso. Dos países cuyo potencial natural les ha permitido ser ambiciosos en sus proyecciones de desarrollo energético renovable, pero que deben plantear un nuevo enfoque de aproximación a sus sistemas energéticos si quieren alcanzar su pleno desarrollo. Junto a problemas estructurales como la tradición energética ligada a hidrocarburos, la monopolización de los mercados eléctricos o la complejidad administrativa, la dimensión social y paisajística de las renovables se plantean como nuevos retos para ambos países. El objetivo del artículo es analizar las similitudes y divergencias entre los dos modelos de desarrollo energético que permitan ejemplificar las diversas realidades nacionales que hay detrás de ese objetivo europeo y entender de la desigual transición energética en diferentes países.
Age-Specific Differences in Asian Elephant Defecation, Dung Decay, Detection and Their Implication for Dung Count
Authors: Mohanarangan Ashokkumar , Chinnaiyan Sakthivel , Kaliyaperumal Sudhakar , Shanmugavelu Swaminathan , Desai Ajay A
Published: August 2021

The various components of the dung count method of population estimation were evaluated such as defecation rate, decay rate, detection probability of dung and age-specific estimates of elephant density based on dung size. The defecation rate of elephants was determined in captive elephants of the Mudumalai elephant camp, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 14 elephants in the dry season (Dec-Mar 2002) and 17 elephants in the wet season (Jun-Oct 2007) of different age-sex classes were observed for 42 days and 51 days by focal sampling methods and circumference of largest dung pile were measured to determine the growth curve. Total and age-specific elephant density based on dung circumference were estimated using indirect dung count method, 24 transect lines of 2 ~ 4km resulting in a total of 125km distance in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve. The dung decay rate was determined by marking fresh dung piles (n = 1628) every month with an average of 125 ± 77 dung piles/month from Jan 2007 to Feb 2008. The mean defecation rate was 13.51±0.51 (n = 94) per day. The defecation rate varied across age-sex classes and seasons with a lower defecation rate for younger age classes. The dung circumference measurements showed similar growth curves to other Asian and African elephants. Dung size-based age classification significantly overestimates the adult age class, giving an estimate of 82% adults in the population against the true 48.5%. Experimental analysis of detection of dung across perpendicular distance detection of larger and smaller dung size/age classes is equal at a visible distance and declined significantly for younger age/size class at the furthest distance. Decay rate varied significantly according to age classes and across seasons, with lower dung survival rates of younger age classes compared to adults. The minimum required sample size for the dung decay experiment was 250. The age-specific estimate of elephant density based on the indirect dung count method revealed a precise estimate on density, both decay and defecation contribute less than 12% of the variance of the estimate. Age composition based on dung count is highly skewed towards adults, younger age class were low due to lower defecation and faster decay and lower probability of detection in the transect.
Breeding for chemical camouflage the case of salmon kairomones and resistance to salmon lice infectivity
Authors: Difford Gareth , Haugen John-Erik , Aslam Muhammad Luqman , Johansen Lill-Heidi , Breiland Mette , Hillestad Borghild , Baranski Matt , Boison Solomon , Moghadam Hooman , Jacq Celeste
Published: August 2021

Salmon lice are ectoparasites that threaten wild and farmed salmonids. Artificial selection of salmon for resistance to the infectious copepodid lice stage currently relies on in vivo challenge trials on thousands of salmon a year. We found that salmon emit a bouquet of kairomones which the lice use to find and infect the salmon. Some of these compounds vary between families and could be used as a more direct and ethical measurements of lice resistance for breeding farmed salmon.
Data-derived wearable digital biomarkers predict Frataxin gene expression levels and longitudinal disease progression in Friedreich’s Ataxia
Authors: Faisal Aldo , Kadirvelu Balasundaram , Gavriel Constantinos , Nageshwaran Sathiji , Chan Ping Kei Jackson , Athanasopoulos Stavros , Giunti Paola , Ricotti Valeria , Voit Thomas , Festenstein Richard
Published: August 2021

Friedreich’s ataxia (FA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the epigenetic repression of the Frataxin gene modulating mitochondrial activity in the brain, which has a diffuse phenotypic impact on patients’ motor behavior. Therefore, with current gold-standard clinical scales, it requires 18–24 month-long clinical trials to determine if disease-modifying therapies are at all beneficial. Our high-performance monitoring approach captures the full-movement kinematics from human subjects using wearable body sensor networks from a cohort of FA patients during their regular clinical visits. We then use artificial intelligence to convert these movement data using universal behavior fingerprints into a digital biomarker of disease state. This enables us to predict two different ‘gold-standard’ clinical scores (SCAFI, SARA) that serve as primary clinical endpoints. Crucially, by performing gene expression analysis on each patient their personal Frataxin gene expression levels were poorly, if at all, correlated with their clinical scores – fundamentally failing to establish a link between disease mechanism (dysregulated gene expression) and measures to quantify it in the behavioral phenotype. In contrast, our wearable digital biomarker can accurately predict for each patient their personal FXN gene expression levels, demonstrating the sensitivity of our approach and the importance of FXN levels in FA. Therefore, our data-derived biomarker approach can not only cross-sectionally predict disease and their gene expression levels but also their longitudinal disease trajectory: it is sensitive and accurate enough to detect disease progression with much fewer subjects or shorter time scales than existing primary endpoints. Our work demonstrates that data-derived wearable biomarkers have the potential to substantially reduce clinical trial durations and a first in-human demonstration of reconstructing FXN gene expression levels from behavioral data alone.
Clinical Significance and Molecular Annotation of Cellular Morphometric Subtypes in Lower Grade Gliomas discovered by Machine Learning: a retrospective multicentric study
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ping , Jin Xiaoqing , Ahmadian Saman , Yang Xu , Tian Su-Fang , Cai Yu-Xiang , Chawla Kuldeep , Snijders Antoine , Xia Yankai , Diest Paul van , Mao Jian-Hua , Li Zhi-Qiang , Vogel Hannes , Chang Hang
Published: August 2021

Lower grade gliomas (LGGs) are heterogenous diseases by clinical, histological and molecular criteria. Here, we developed a machine learning pipeline to extract cellular morphometric biomarkers from whole slide images of tissue histology; and identified and externally validated robust cellular morphometric subtypes of LGGs in multi-center cohorts. The subtypes have significantly independent predictive power for overall survival across all three independent cohorts. In the TCGA-LGG cohort, we found that patients within the poor-prognosis subtype responded poorly to primary therapy and follow-up treatment. Furthermore, LGGs within the poor-prognosis subtype were characterized by higher mutational burden, higher frequencies of copy number alterations, and higher level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune checkpoint genes. Higher level of PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. In addition, the subtypes learned from LGG demonstrates translational impact on Glioblastoma (GBM). Overall, we developed and validated a framework for the cellular morphometric subtype discovery in LGGs associated with specific molecular alterations, immune micro-environment, prognosis and treatment response.
Remifentanil Target Controlled Infusion for conscious sedation in a pregnant woman: safety and efficacy
Authors: Munafo’ Camilla , Mammarella Fulvio , Loperfido Antonella , Crosti Arianna , Iannilli Federico , Millarelli Stefano , Bellocchi Gianluca , Tritapepe Luigi
Published: August 2021

Background: Every year 2% of pregnant women undergo non-obstetric surgical interventions worldwide. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Committee on Obstetric Practice, pregnant women should never be denied the most appropriate surgical treatment regardless of the trimester of pregnancy.However, additional attention should be paid during the first trimester since there is the highest risk of inducing teratogenic mutations; similarly, during the third trimester, due to the possibility of preterm birth and low weight of the new-born great care should be paid.Case presentation: We present the case of a 36-year-old woman during her 21st week of pregnancy, with a normal-sized foetus according to the gestational age on ultrasound exam and with no additional risk factors. The patient referred an increasing nasal obstruction associated with rhinorrhoea of the left nasal cavity. She also reported episodes of sleep apnoea and hyposmia.The patient received a detailed otolaryngological examination which allowed to identify a mass within the left nasal cavity. The subsequent nasal endoscopy confirmed a greyish polypoid mass lesion with a multinodular surface occupying the entire left nasal fossa. The lesion totally obliterated the left maxillary sinus resulting in obstruction of the anterior osteo-meatal unit and ethmoidal sinusitis She was referred for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) using analgosedation with Remifentanil Target Controlled Infusion.Discussion and conclusions: To the very best of our knowledge this is the first case described in English literature about the use of analgosedation with Remifentanil Target Controlled Infusion for otolaryngology surgery, specifically in FESS. It could be an interesting option to avoid the use of inhaled anaesthetics that could induce foetal damage, especially during the first months of pregnancy. Furthermore, patient intubation is not necessary, avoiding cases of difficult intubation or any trauma to the airways. An adequate informed consent and the appropriate compliance are elements of paramount importance in tailoring the anaesthetic strategy for pregnant women who need non-obstetric surgical management.
A machine learning approach to identify psychological factors driving vaccine hesitancy in high income countries
Authors: Lincoln Tania , Schlier Björn , Strakeljahn Felix , Gaudiano Brandon , So Suzanne , Kingston Jessica , Morris Eric , Ellett Lyn
Published: August 2021

Understanding factors driving vaccine hesitancy is crucial to vaccination success. We surveyed adults (N=2510) from February to March 2021 across five sites (Australia=502, Germany=516, Hong Kong=445, UK=512, USA=535) using a cross-sectional design and stratified quota sampling for age, sex, and education. We assessed willingness to take a vaccine and a comprehensive set of putative predictors. Predictive power was analysed with regression analyses and machine learning algorithms. Only 57.4% of the participants indicated that they would definitely or probably get vaccinated. A parsimonious machine-learning model could identify vaccine hesitancy with high accuracy (i.e. 83% sensitivity and 82% specificity) using 10 variables only. The most relevant predictors were vaccination conspiracy beliefs, paranoid concerns related to the pandemic, COVID anxiety, high perceived risk of infection, low perceived social rank, lower age, and female gender. Campaigns seeking to increase vaccine uptake need to take mistrust as the main driver of vaccine hesitancy into account.
Stakeholders’ interactions in Water Management System: Insights from a MACTOR analysis in the R’Dom Sub-basin, Morocco
Authors: BEN-DAOUD Mohamed , Mahrad Badr El , Moroșanu Gabriela Adina , Elhassnaoui Ismail , Moumen Aniss , Mezouary Lhoussaine El , ELbouhaddioui Mohamed , Essahlaoui Ali , Eljaafari Samir
Published: August 2021

This article aims to understand the typologies of stakeholders, their role in the water resources management system in the R’Dom Sub-basin(Morocco), and to identify the current and desired interactions among stakeholders. For this purpose, The MACTOR participatory approach was adopted to involve all key water stakeholders and to analyze their interactions. The action system was characterized by the analysis of related issues and relevant actors on the ground. Thus, ten actors and twelve objectives were identified and assessed in this study. The analysis of stakeholder games allowed to identify the typologies of stakeholders according to their strategic objectives and to evaluate their power, influence and dependence, as well as their convergence in a global water management system. The results show a significant level of convergence among stakeholders despite the existence of certain stakeholders who may be considered autonomous given their low involvement in integrated water management. Furthermore, there was a limited involvement of stakeholders in certain strategic objectives such as capacity building, technical means, and awareness-raising actions. The paper shows the need to generate greater collaborative efforts among water stakeholders involved in the implementation of integrated water resources management in the R'Dom sub-basin.
Honokiol Attenuates Lipotoxicity in Hepatocytes via Activating SIRT3-AMPK Mediated Lipophagy
Authors: Tian Zhang , Liu Jingxin , Zhu Jianzhong , Li Rongsong , Lin Ligen
Published: August 2021

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in the liver. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that lipophagy regulates lipid mobilization and energy homeostasis in liver. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, modulates the activities of several substrates involving in autophagy and energy metabolism. Honokiol (HK) is a natural lignan from the plants of Magnolia genus that exhibits potent liver protective property. Methods: AML12 was challenged with 500 μM palmitic acid and 250 μM oleic acid mixture solution to induce lipotoxicity. The expression of autophagy-related and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway proteins was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Intracellular lipid accumulation was validated by Nile red staining. Molecular docking analysis was performed on AutoDock 4.2.Results: HK (5 and 10 μM) was found to attenuate lipid accumulation through promoting SIRT3-AMPK-mediated autophagy, mainly on lipid droplets. HK had hydrophobic interaction with amino acid residues (PHE294, GLU323 and VAL324) and NAD+. Moreover, HK improved mitochondrial function to enhance lipolysis, through decreasing the acetylated long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase level. Conclusions: These results suggest that HK could ameliorate lipotoxicity in hepatocytes by activating SIRT3-AMPK-lipophagy axis, which might be a potential therapeutic agent against NAFLD.