bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Appropriate Prescription of Dental Radiographs among Interns of Two Dental Institutes of Belagavi City: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Tyagi Parul , Naik Zameera , Sequeira Maria Ana Karina Erica De Piedade
Published: March 2017

Aim

To assess the level of knowledge of appropriate prescription of dental radiographs amongst Interns of two dental institutes of Belagavi city.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 interns of 2 dental institutes of Belagavi city. The knowledge of appropriate prescription of dental radiographs was assessed using a structured, close ended and self-designed questionnaire.

Results

Knowledge of appropriate prescription of dental radiographs was significantly lower in Institute 1 than Institute 2 (p=0.001*).Only a small % of 33.76 and 38.66 of interns of institutes 1,2 respectively had an above average knowledge. Thus, it is inferred that the awareness level of interns of correct prescription of radiographs is lower than expected.

Conclusion

The lack of awareness could be due to various factors such as a lack of previous knowledge, inadequate quality and quantity of educational courses and so on. Thus, students should receive the necessary education on correct prescription of radiographs to ensure their correct prescription, circumventing unnecessary exposure and their consequent detrimental effects.

Clinical significance

Radiographic examination is an important diagnostic tool used by dentists leading to an increased exposure to radiation. However, unessential exposure may lead to detrimental effects such as mutations, genetic changes and so on. One efficient way of decreasing exposure is to avoid their application when not indicated. Thus, it is the professional duty of a dentist to have adequate and accurate knowledge of prescription of radiographs. The present study shows the necessity to optimize educational tools to increase the theoretical knowledge of students and consequently improve clinical application of the knowledge gained.

How to cite this article

Tyagi P, Naik Z, De Piedade Sequeira MAKE. Knowledge of Appropriate Prescription of Dental Radiographs among Interns of Two Dental Institutes of Belagavi City: A Questionnaire Study. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(2):61-65.
An improved parameterisation of ozone dry deposition to the ocean and its impact in a global climate–chemistry model
Authors: Luhar Ashok K. , Galbally Ian E. , Woodhouse Matthew T. , Thatcher Marcus
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Schemes used to parameterise ozone dry deposition velocity at the oceanic surface mainly differ in terms of how the dominant term of surface resistance is parameterised. We examine three such schemes and test them in a global climate–chemistry model that incorporates meteorological nudging and monthly-varying reactive-gas emissions. The default scheme invokes the commonly used assumption that the water surface resistance is constant. The other two schemes, named the one-layer and two-layer reactivity schemes, include the simultaneous influence on the water surface resistance of ozone solubility in water, waterside molecular diffusion and turbulent transfer, and a first-order chemical reaction of ozone with dissolved iodide. Unlike the one-layer scheme, the two-layer scheme can indirectly control the degree of interaction between chemical reaction and turbulent transfer through the specification of a surface reactive layer thickness. A comparison is made of the modelled deposition velocity dependencies on sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed with recently reported cruise-based observations. The default scheme overestimates the observed deposition velocities by a factor of 2–4 when the chemical reaction is slow (e.g. under colder SSTs in the Southern Ocean). The default scheme has almost no temperature, wind speed, or latitudinal variations in contrast with the observations. The one-layer scheme provides noticeably better variations, but it overestimates deposition velocity by a factor of 2–3 due to an enhancement of the interaction between chemical reaction and turbulent transfer. The two-layer scheme with a surface reactive layer thickness specification of 2.5 µm, which is approximately equal to the reaction-diffusive length scale of the ozone–iodide reaction, is able to simulate the field measurements most closely with respect to absolute values as well as SST and wind-speed dependence. The annual global oceanic deposition of ozone determined using this scheme is approximately half of the original oceanic deposition obtained using the default scheme, and it corresponds to a 10 % decrease in the original estimate of the total global ozone deposition. The previously reported modelled estimate of oceanic deposition is roughly one-third of total deposition and with this new parameterisation it is reduced to 12 % of the modelled total global ozone deposition. Deposition parameterisation influences the predicted atmospheric ozone mixing ratios, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. For the latitudes 45–70° S, the two-layer scheme improves the prediction of ozone observed at an altitude of 1 km by 7 % and that within the altitude range 1–6 km by 5 % compared to the default scheme.
Ice Crystal Characterization in Cirrus Clouds: A Sun-tracking Camera System and Automated Detection Algorithm for Halo Displays
Authors: Forster Linda , Seefeldner Meinhard , Wiegner Matthias , Mayer Bernhard
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Halo displays in the sky contain valuable information about ice crystal shape and orientation: e.g. the 22° halo is produced by randomly oriented hexagonal prisms while sundogs indicate oriented plates. HaloCam, a novel sun-tracking camera system for the automated observation of halo displays is presented. An initial visual evaluation of the frequency of halo displays for the ACCEPT (Analysis of the Composition of Clouds with Extended Polarization Techniques) field campaign showed that during the six weeks sundogs were observed more often than 22° halos. Thus, the majority of halo displays was produced by oriented ice crystals. During the campaign about 33 % of the cirrus clouds produced 22° halos, sundogs or upper tangent arcs. To evaluate the HaloCam observations collected in Munich from January 2014 to June 2016, an automated detection algorithm for 22° halos was developed, which can be extended to other halo types as well. This algorithm detected 22° halos in about 2 % of the time for this dataset. The frequency of cirrus clouds during this time period was estimated by co-located ceilometer measurements using temperature thresholds of the cloud base. About 25 % of the detected cirrus clouds occurred together with a 22° halo which implies that these clouds contained a certain fraction of smooth, hexagonal ice crystals. HaloCam observations complemented by radiative transfer simulations and measurements of aerosol and cirrus optical thickness provide a possibility to retrieve more detailed information about ice crystal roughness. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of a completely automated method to collect and evaluate a long-term database of halo observations and shows the potential to characterize ice crystal properties.
Comparisons between high-resolution profiles of squared refractive index gradient M2 measured by the Middle and Upper Atmosphere Radar and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment 2015 campaign
Authors: Luce Hubert , Kantha Lakshmi , Hashiguchi Hiroyuki , Lawrence Dale , Yabuki Masanori , Tsuda Toshitaka , Mixa Tyler
Published: March 2017

Abstract. New comparisons between the square of the generalized potential refractive index gradient M2, estimated from the very high-frequency (VHF) Middle and Upper Atmosphere (MU) Radar, located at Shigaraki, Japan, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements are presented. These comparisons were performed at unprecedented temporal and range resolutions (1–4 min and  ∼  20 m, respectively) in the altitude range  ∼  1.27–4.5 km from simultaneous and nearly collocated measurements made during the ShUREX (Shigaraki UAV-Radar Experiment) 2015 campaign. Seven consecutive UAV flights made during daytime on 7 June 2015 were used for this purpose. The MU Radar was operated in range imaging mode for improving the range resolution at vertical incidence (typically a few tens of meters). The proportionality of the radar echo power to M2 is reported for the first time at such high time and range resolutions for stratified conditions for which Fresnel scatter or a reflection mechanism is expected. In more complex features obtained for a range of turbulent layers generated by shear instabilities or associated with convective cloud cells, M2 estimated from UAV data does not reproduce observed radar echo power profiles. Proposed interpretations of this discrepancy are presented.
Constraining a complex biogeochemical model for multi-site
greenhouse gas emission simulations by model-data fusion
Authors: Houska Tobias , Kraus David , Kiese Ralf , Breuer Lutz
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This paper presents results of a combined measurement and modelling strategy to analyse N2O and CO2 emissions from adjacent arable, forest and grassland sites in Germany. Measured emissions reveal seasonal patterns and management effects like fertilizer application, tillage, harvest and grazing. Measured annual N2O fluxes are 4.5, 0.4 and 0.1 kg N ha−1 a−1, while CO2 fluxes are 20.0, 12.2 and 3.0 t C ha−1 a−1 for the arable, grassland and forest sites, respectively. An innovative model-data fusion concept based on multi-criteria evaluation (soil moisture in different depths, yield, CO2 and N2O emissions) is used to rigorously test the biogeochemical LandscapeDNDC model. The model is run in a Latin Hypercube based uncertainty analyses framework to constrain model parameter uncertainty and derive behavioral model runs. Results indicate that the model is in general capable to predict the trace gas emissions, evaluated by RMSE as an objective function. The model shows reasonable performance in simulating the ecosystems C and N balances. The model-data fusion concept helps to detect remaining model errors like missing (e.g. freeze-thaw cycling) or incomplete model processes (e.g. respiration amount after harvest). It further elucidates identifying missing model input sources (e.g. uptake of N through shallow groundwater on grassland during the vegetation period) and uncertainty in measured validation data (e.g. forest N2O emissions in winter months). Guidance is provided to improve model structure and field measurements to further advance landscape scale model predictions.
The Fire Modeling Intercomparison Project (FireMIP), phase 1: experimental and analytical protocols with detailed model descriptions
Authors: Rabin Sam S. , Melton Joe R. , Lasslop Gitta , Bachelet Dominique , Forrest Matthew , Hantson Stijn , Kaplan Jed O. , Li Fang , Mangeon Stéphane , Ward Daniel S. , Yue Chao , Arora Vivek K. , Hickler Thomas , Kloster Silvia , Knorr Wolfgang , Nieradzik Lars , Spessa Allan , Folberth Gerd A. , Sheehan Tim , Voulgarakis Apostolos , Kelley Douglas I. , Prentice I. Colin , Sitch Stephen , Harrison Sandy , Arneth Almut
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The important role of fire in regulating vegetation community composition and contributions to emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols make it a critical component of dynamic global vegetation models and Earth system models. Over 2 decades of development, a wide variety of model structures and mechanisms have been designed and incorporated into global fire models, which have been linked to different vegetation models. However, there has not yet been a systematic examination of how these different strategies contribute to model performance. Here we describe the structure of the first phase of the Fire Model Intercomparison Project (FireMIP), which for the first time seeks to systematically compare a number of models. By combining a standardized set of input data and model experiments with a rigorous comparison of model outputs to each other and to observations, we will improve the understanding of what drives vegetation fire, how it can best be simulated, and what new or improved observational data could allow better constraints on model behavior. In this paper, we introduce the fire models used in the first phase of FireMIP, the simulation protocols applied, and the benchmarking system used to evaluate the models. We have also created supplementary tables that describe, in thorough mathematical detail, the structure of each model.
Parameter optimisation for a better representation of drought by LSMs: inverse modelling vs. sequential data assimilation
Authors: Dewaele Hélène , Munier Simon , Albergel Clément , Planque Carole , Laanaia Nabil , Carrer Dominique , Calvet Jean-Christophe
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Soil Maximum Available Water Content (MaxAWC) is a key parameter in Land Surface Models (LSMs). However, being difficult to measure, this parameter is usually unavailable. This study assesses the feasibility of using a fifteen-year (1999–2013) time-series of satellite-derived low resolution observations of Leaf Area Index (LAI) to retrieve MaxAWC for rainfed croplands over France. LAI inter-annual variability is simulated using the CO2-responsive version of the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere (ISBA) LSM for various values of MaxAWC. Optimal value is then selected by using (1) a simple inverse modelling technique, comparing simulated and observed LAI, (2) a more complex method consisting in integrating observed LAI in ISBA through a Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS) and minimizing LAI analysis increments. The evaluation of the MaxAWC retrievals from both methods is done using simulated annual maximum above-ground biomass (Bag) and straw cereal grain yield (GY) values from the Agreste French agricultural statistics portal, for 45 administrative units presenting a high proportion of straw cereals. Significant correlations (p-value
Strain heterogeneities at the ductile to brittle transition; a case study on ice
Authors: Chauve Thomas , Montagnat Maurine , Lachaud Cédric , Georges David , Vacher Pierre
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This paper presents, for the first time, the evolution of local strain fields around intragranular cracking in polycrystalline ice, at the onset of tertiary creep. Owing to the high homologous temperature conditions and relatively low compressive stress applied, stress concentration at crack tips is relaxed by plastic mechanisms associated with dynamic recrystallization. Strain field evolution followed by Digital Image Correlation indirectly shows the redistribution of stresses during crack opening, but also driven by crack tip plasticity mechanisms and recrystallization. Such redistribution induces modifications in the local strain deformation bands, and crack closure during deformation. A strong interaction between cracking and dynamic recrystallization is therefore evidenced at the ductile to brittle transition in ice deformed at high homologous temperature.
Impact of icebergs on net primary productivity in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Wu Shuang-Ye , Hou Shugui
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Productivity in the Southern Ocean (SO) is iron-limited, and supply of iron dissolved from aeolian dust is believed to be the main source from outside the marine environment. However, recent studies show that icebergs could provide a comparable amount of bioavailable iron to the SO as aeolian dust. In addition, small-scale areal studies suggest increased concentrations of chlorophyll, krill, and seabirds surrounding icebergs. Based on previous research, this study aims to examine whether iceberg occurrence has a significant impact on marine productivity at the scale of the SO, using remote sensing data of iceberg occurrences and ocean net primary productivity (NPP) covering the period 2002–2014. The impacts of both large and small icebergs are examined in four major ecological zones of the SO: the continental shelf zone (CSZ), the seasonal ice zone (SIZ), the permanent open ocean zone (POOZ), and the polar front zone (PFZ). We found that the presence of icebergs is associated with elevated levels of NPP, but the differences vary in different zones. Grid cells with small icebergs on average have higher NPP than other cells in most iron-deficient zones: 21 % higher for the SIZ, 16 % for the POOZ, and 12 % for the PFZ. The difference is relatively small in the CSZ where iron is supplied from meltwater and sediment input from the continent. In addition, NPP of grid cells adjacent to large icebergs on average is 10 % higher than that of control cells in the vicinity. The difference is larger at higher latitudes, where most large icebergs are concentrated. From 1992 to 2014, there is a significant increasing trend for both small and large icebergs. The increase was most rapid in the early 2000s and has leveled off since then. As the climate continues to warm, the Antarctic Ice Sheet is expected to experience increased mass loss as a whole, which could lead to more icebergs in the region. Based on our study, this could result in a higher level of NPP in the SO as a whole, providing a possible negative feedback for global warming in near future.
DOCUMENTAÇÃO E ESTUDOS LEXICAIS SOBRE LÍNGUAS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Veloso Borges Mônica
Published: March 2017

Este texto apresenta alguns resultados do trabalho realizado no Cursode Educação Intercultural de Formação Superior de ProfessoresIndígenas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, no estudo do Léxico, comalunos dos povos Tapirapé, Guajajara, Xerente, Xakriabá, Xavante,Gavião, Apinajé, Krahô, Krikati, Canela, Karajá, Karajá-Xambioá,Javaé e Tapuia, da Matriz Específica “Ciências da Linguagem”, dosanos de 2007 a 2013.
NARRATIVAS ORAIS E ESCRITAS: RELATOS DE UMA EXPERIÊNCIA INTERCULTURAL
Authors: De Jesus Silva Léia
Published: March 2017

Este texto é o resultado das experiências vivenciadas no cursoNarrativas orais e escritas, tema contextual trabalhado no primeirosemestre de 2015 com estudantes indígenas de oito etnias, do Cursode Educação Intercultural, da Universidade Federal de Goiás. O cursoteve como base a interculturalidade, tanto no que se refere à troca deconhecimentos entre os diferentes grupos indígenas representados,quanto entre estes e aspectos das culturas de outros povos sobreos quais lemos, além de aspectos da cultura não-indígena. Um dosobjetivos do curso foi chamar a atenção dos estudantes para a funçãosocial da narrativa dentro de uma comunidade indígena e para acomplexidade que envolve esse gênero discursivo tão familiar a todoseles. As narrativas, orais e escritas, foram apontadas pelos estudantes como sendo um meio fundamental de transmissão, valorização e atualização da cultura e da língua de um povo.
SABERES INY DA ALDEIA DE BURIDINA
Authors: Malurrereru Karajá Mariana , Mauri Karajá Alzira , Gedeon Karajá Ijararu , Mauri Karajá Maria Elieta , Leão Gomes Karajá Valdirene , Ferreira Leão Karajá Viviane
Published: March 2017

São os avós e os pais que escolhem o noivo ou a noiva ainda criança.Depois de casado o rapaz recebe os ensinamentos dos tios e dos avóspara caçar, pescar e fazer roça. Depois de casado o casal passa a morarna casa da noiva. A família da noiva passa a ter responsabilidade sobre o casal, até as famílias do casal construírem um rancho para o casal morar. Depois de morar juntos o casal não depende mais dasfamílias.
SABERES JAVAÉ
Authors: Iòlò Javaé Samuel
Published: March 2017

As pesquisas foram muito bem com os anciãos da comunidade sobreos saberes indígenas. Pesquisamos como era a educação do nossopovo Javaé, os cumprimentos e respeito na cultura. São os pais e osavós que educam os filhos dentro da família com o conhecimentodos parentes, como, por exemplo, o modo de cumprimentar osparentes. A criança já aprende a cumprimentação na nossa línguamaterna que desde tempo do antigo vem sendo repassado a nossacultura até nossos dias atuais. Até hoje nós continuamos trazendonossos conhecimentos para as crianças indígenas do povo Javaé
SABERES INDÍGENAS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Korira’i Tapirapé Nivaldo
Published: March 2017

‘Arate’omara araãpa xerexekare, Apyãwa xama’eãwa re. Agã pe ro’õ nãakaj aramaypy arate’omata xerexeka ropi xigy pee marymaryn kaãware. Epegã re py kwakaj aparama’ema’e ite’omari. A’eete ramõ ixema’eãpe ao’i weywyrape Apyãwa reka re xema’eãwa. A’e ramõ aoxekato iapawo aparama’ema’e agy ate’omaãwa ramõ axewe. Aoxekato ywaripeima’ewo xerexeka re, xerexemikwaãwaro pi ima’ewo pitywera. Wetepemi aparama’ema’e nakwaawakari ma’ema’e pitywera we Apyãwa rekaropi. Xewe aoxekatoete xereteomaretewo ‘ã ramõ we xe rexojawa rek a re, a’e xepe ekwe apãp a awã akawo xanewi ‘ara ropi.
APYÃWA REMIKWAAKWAÃWA RE XAMAXEREKAKATOÃWA
Authors: Edimundo Tapirapé Taroko
Published: March 2017

Iypywi we xema’eajpe aparama’ema’e agỹ Apyãwa remikwaakwaãwa re xamaxerekakatoãwa. Axekwe emiweripe imatyarowo axe’apeãwamarama’ekatoawa re, marygãto aoxekatoete imaxerapata axema’ema’eagỹ Apyãwa remikwaakwaawa re, ikaawyma re. Axekwe aoxekatoetem ĩ te’omara pe imawiteakata, imaxywaatỹ wo xerexeka xaparemo’i.
A HISTÓRIA DE XANERAMÕJA
Authors: Tenywaawi Tapirapé Gilson
Published: March 2017

O trabalho é fruto de pesquisa, em andamento, na Ação “SaberesIndígena na Escola”, como parte das ações do Programa Nacionaldos Territórios Etnoeducacionais. Pretende apresentar o ritualde Xaneramõja, que surgiu a partir de dois terríveis homens queassassinaram seus próprios sobrinhos durantes os rituais. Mostratambém o valor e a importância da tradição oral e o respeito pelaTakãra durante os rituais, no sentido de valorizar as histórias comoprincipal fonte de educação das crianças Apyãwa. Dessa forma, euespero contribuir com o trabalho dos professores nas escolas Apyãwa,oferecendo recursos didáticos e pedagógicos.
SABERES INDÍGENAS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Kazamrĩ Celso , Waĩkazate Sinval , Curtidi Xerente Carmelita , Waktadi Xerente Noemi , Brudi Xerente Vanda , Tĩĩkwa Xerente Afonso , Sipkuze Xerente Roberto , Wakuke Agripino , Wdêkruwe Xerente Arlindo , Krukwanẽ Xerente Helena , Kuhânĩpi Xerente Paulo César , Sõpre Xerente Armando , Souza Xerente Jurandi , Sinã Valci , Tpêkru Xerente Valteir , Sirnãrê Xerente Manoel , Sirnãwẽ Xerente Silvino , Srõne Xerente Rogério
Published: March 2017

Os Akwẽ aprendem a respeitar os outros e a natureza desde muitocedo, quando ainda são criança. Esses ensinamentos, bem como osensinamentos sobre o modo de vida Akwẽ são transmitidos pelosnossos pais, avós, tios e outros parentes. Durante o primeiro ano daAção ‘Saberes Indígenas na Escola’, desenvolvemos duas pesquisas,uma primeira sobre parentesco e clãs e uma segunda, sobre o ciclo devida da criança Akwẽ. Este segundo tema foi mais explorado por nós.Dividimos as pesquisas sobre o ciclo de vida da criança Akwẽconsiderando as diferentes fases da vida da criança. Achamos que avida da criança começa na gravidez, incluindo resguardo que deveser feito pelos pais durante a gravidez da mãe; a terceira fase é a donascimento, seguida do resguardo feito após o nascimento da criança;depois vem a fase de nomeação da criança, seguida do casamento edo término do ciclo de vida da criança, que acontece por volta dos 40 anos, quando ela deixa de ser considerada criança. É assim na culturaAkwẽ.
A LÍNGUA KARAJÁ: EMPRÉSTIMOS LINGUÍSTICOS
Authors: Lariwana Karajá Leandro
Published: March 2017

A pesquisa da língua iny rybè feita em quatro aldeias Karajá, situadasna Ilha do Bananal, nesta pesquisa foram entrevistadas as mulheres,o objetivo é comparar a fala das mulheres com a dos homens queusam muito o empréstimo da língua portuguesa, porém as mulheressão mais conservadoras. A língua iny está mais viva com elas, nãoimporta onde elas estiverem quer na cidade ou na aldeia o uso dalíngua iny está sempre em primeiro lugar.
POTENCIAL DO WEBSIG PARA DIVULGAÇÃO DE DADOS ESPACIAIS DA PENÍNSULA POTTER, ANTÁRTICA MARÍTIMA
Authors: Andrade André Medeiros de , Poelking Everton Luís , G. R. Schaefer Carlos Ernesto , Fernandes Filho Elpidio Inácio
Published: March 2017

A disponibilização de dados espaciais da Antártica ainda é limitada em grande parte devido à falta de meios que possibilitem o acesso às informações de forma simples. Os sistemas webSIG foram desenvolvidos com o intuito de facilitar o acesso a banco de dados geográficos através da internet. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo de webSIG para divulgação de informações espaciais, utilizando um banco de dados espaciais da península Potter, Antártica. Para o desenvolvimento do webSIG foi utilizado o software ALOV Map que é disponibilizado gratuitamente e possui como finalidade publicar dados espaciais na internet. A estrutura do webSIG é constituída por dados obtidos em trabalho de campo, imagens de satélites, mapa geológico e mapa topográfico. Em campo foram coletadas amostras de vegetação utilizadas para classificar e mapear a vegetação da península através de uma imagem QuickBird. A delimitação da frente da geleira em 1981, 2001 e 2007 foi feita utilizando um mapa geológico e imagens dos satélites Landsat e QuickBird. O protótipo do webSIG desenvolvido pode ser acessado através de qualquer navegador de internet e possui uma plataforma que oferece a possibilidade de visualizar, manusear e fazer o download do banco de dados espaciais. A integração de sistemas de informações geográficas e plataformas de internet possuem grande potencial para disponibilizar informações e dados espaciais. O protótipo do webSIG desenvolvido é uma importante ferramenta para facilitar o acesso às informações da Antártica.
Corpo e Classificadores nas línguas de sinais
Authors: Gonçalves Carneiro Bruno
Published: March 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os predicados classificadores na língua de sinais brasileira considerando a língua um sistema simbólico atrelado a processos cognitivos gerais e à nossa experiência corporal diária (JONHSON, 1992; LANGACKER, 2008). Nesta perspectiva, vimos que o sinalizante cede seu corpo de forma a elaborar uma codificação transparente daquilo que é concebido pelo corpo. As ações de ver, verificar, correr, remar, lançar e colocar, por exemplo, identificadas em nossa análise, refletem as ações que experienciamos na relação com o mundo. Percebemos os classificadores como uma mimese corporal elaborada, o que não elimina a presença de elementos lexicalizados.
DESCRIÇÃO DE ASPECTOS DA MORFOLOGIA DA LIBRAS
Authors: Nogueira Xavier André
Published: March 2017

Neste artigo, trataremos de processos de modificação e formação/criação de sinais na língua brasileira de sinais, libras. Em outras palavras, descreveremos e exemplificaremos, respectivamente, processos com base nos quais sinais da libras podem sofrer mudanças em sua forma por razões gramaticais (ex.: expressão de quantidade, negação e intensidade e referência a argumentos verbais) e através dos quais sinais são formados/criados (derivação por modificação da forma do sinal, composição e fusão).
Impact of nutrition on the quality and quantity of cauliflower florets
Authors: Uher Anton , Mezeyová Ivana , Hegedűsová Alžbeta , Šlosár Miroslav
Published: March 2017

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) as a member of the family Brassicaceae belongs to worldwide popular vegetable with using in all kinds of cuisine. The aim of the work was to find out the effects of nutrition and fertilization (in dependence on the amount of nitrogen) on the yield of florets as well as on selected qualitative characteristics - vitamin C, nitrate and sulforaphane content. Analyses were done by the help of liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with UV detector for separation. The trial was led in Nitra, Slovakia, in 2014 - 2015. Cauliflower variety CHARLOT F1 was selected for testing. Four variants have been examined in the trial: control (without application of fertilizers), N150S80 (application of nitrogen and sulphur at the supply level N: S = 150:80 kg.ha-1), N200S80 and N250S80. Application of nitrogen led to significant increasing of the yields of primary cauliflower florets in case of the dose 200 and 250 kg N.ha-1 (increasing about 87% and 134% compared to control). Applied nitrogen nutrition caused significant nitrates increasing in monitored cauliflower florets in order of the variants: 1 (control) <2 (N = 150 kg.ha-1) <3 (N = 200 kg.ha-1) <4 (N = 250 kg.ha-1), but the highest dosage of nitrates is still under the permissible standard according to Food codex of Slovak republic (700 mg.kg-1 of FM). The influence of differentiated nutrition on sulforaphane content was statistically confirmed in case of the 4th variant in comparison to control, where the decrease about 40% was noticed. Influence of nitrogen fertilizing according to used methodology on vitamin C (AA) content was not statistically confirmed. The nutrient concentration in the curds and stalks of cauliflower varied insignificantly with levels of nitrogen applied.
Zero Waste Rural Community Complex (ZWRC2)
Authors: Omar Hala , El-Haggar Salah
Published: March 2017

Millions of people living in rural areas in some developing countries are entombed in extreme poverty well beneath any definition of human decency. They live in squalid areas due to the absence of adequate sewage system, lack of agricultural and municipal solid waste management. As an easy and cheap solution to their problems, residents of rural communities either throw their wastes in the streets and in the nearest water way or burn them in the field. These unintended practices contribute to the deterioration of the quality of air, water, soil and food. In addition to the environmental problems, rural communities in developing countries suffer from illiteracy, unemployment, high risk for disease, high mortality rate, and low life expectancy. Due to this tragic situation, it became imperative to find a solution to reach zero pollution in rural areas. Since the emergence of the concept of sustainable development many efforts have been made to apply the ‘cradle-to-cradle’ approach in different sectors where all waste is used for the production of other goods. Unfortunately, the application of ‘cradle-to-cradle’ concept in rural communities to approach 100% full utilization of all types of wastes is not sufficiently explored. The aim of this paper is to propose solutions for the waste problem in rural areas through the concept of environmentally balanced rural complex called “Zero Waste Rural Community Complex (ZWRC2)”. The idea is to develop a complex in each rural community that groups compatible, simple and low cost technologies including briquetting, composting, biogas, and animal fodder. All wastes generated from the rural community will be transported to this complex and fully utilized as raw material to produce organic fertilizers, energy, animal fodder and other useful products depending on market need.
Validity, Lasting Outcomes and Fairness of Learner Assessment from the Perspective of Educational Neuroscience
Authors: Watagodakumbura Chandana
Published: March 2017

from the standpoint of educational neuroscience are discussed in this article. Learnerassessment performed in any teaching-learning environment should produce valid and lastingoutcomes. The validity of assessment indicates that the results generated represent the learnercharacteristics reliably using any strengths and weaknesses. The lasting feature of assessmententails that the results are associated with learner characteristics rather the environmentalfactors. When learner characteristics are identified in this manner, appropriate measures canbe taken to improve on any weaknesses identified while at the same time relying or stayingmotivated on the strengths. It is imperative that educators make use of the findings from theemerging field of educational neuroscience to design and construct assessment producingvalid and lasting outcomes. In educational neuroscience, how the human brain and relatedstructures engage in learning processes is studied. By incorporating this useful informationinto teaching-learning processes, learners can be put on a path to creating useful, lastingmemories, across disciplinary boundaries, to lead them to higher levels of humandevelopment yielding wisdom and consciousness. When assessments produce valid andlasting outcomes, they essentially become fair for all types of learners including the giftedlearners who demonstrate right cerebral hemisphere oriented visual-spatial characteristics thatinclude higher sensitivities such as emotional sensitivity.
The Authority of Currency in Cormac McCarthy'sBlood Meridian
Authors: Robison John Mark
Published: March 2017

Multiple McCarthy scholars have written about Blood Meridian as a commentary on the development of the geopolitical and legal structures of the modern United States. This article attempts to do the same with shifts in economic structures. These shifts manifest themselves in the novel through the motif of coins and specie, objects that Glanton and his men grant an authority to that is almost absolute. Coins emerge repeatedly throughout the novel, ascending nearly to the realm of the supernatural. This culminates in the coldforger scene in which the authority of currency is seen to be the judge's central aim. The judge's attempts to kill the kid can then be partially connected with his refusal to accept the authority of currency, a reading justified by the correspondence of their encounter in the jakes with important historical developments in American currency.
Nietzschean Pragmatism
Authors: Sinhababu Neil
Published: March 2017

Nietzschean pragmatism is the view that one should believe whatever best promotes life, even things that are untrue because they fail to correspond to reality. Nietzsche expresses this view in early sections of Beyond Good and Evil. While he rejects all objective value including that of truth, his view that passions can give their objects subjective value suggests valuing beliefs that promote life. The second essay of the Untimely Meditations applies Nietzschean pragmatism to the study of history.
Nietzsche, Naturalism, and Normativity: A Reply to Brian Leiter and Peter Kail
Authors: Emden Christian J.
Published: March 2017

In this article I respond to Brian Leiter's and Peter Kail's critiques of my book, Nietzsche's Naturalism: Philosophy and the Life Sciences in the Nineteenth Century. While Leiter's and Kail's analytic reconstructions of Nietzsche's naturalism prioritize a psychological reading, I argue for a philosophically oriented historical contextualization of Nietzsche's position. The latter situates his naturalism in the context of the nineteenth-century life sciences and early neo-Kantianism. While Leiter views normativity as based on irreducible mental states, and while Kail denies outright that Nietzsche is even concerned with normativity, I suggest that Nietzsche's understanding of the emergence of norms and values is best understood along biological lines. As such, his naturalism holds that what we regard as normative—as belonging to the world of knowledge and morality but also to the world of affect—is already constitutive of our existence and agency as natural beings.
“Under the Stimulus of Great Epidemics”: Reformers, Epidemics, and the Rise of State Level Public Health in Pennsylvania, 1872–1905
Authors: Higgins James E.
Published: March 2017

Though Pennsylvania was a prosperous industrial state and home to a great many medical institutions, it was among the last to constitute state-level public health organs. Pennsylvania's first public health organization, the Board of Health, was founded in 1885 and was ineffectual. Its second public health organ, the Department of Health, founded in 1905, rapidly gained a reputation as the strongest state health department in the nation. Though the aims and powers of the two organizations were vastly different, they were linked by the central role that epidemics played in motivating the legislature to pass bills that founded the organizations. Chief among the outbreaks that compelled the legislature to act in the best interests of the commonwealth's health were epidemics of typhoid in Plymouth in 1885 and Butler in 1903. This article explores the link between epidemic outbreaks during a twenty-year period and the state's public health organizations.
Effect of termite activity on soil under different land management strategies
Authors: Pinheiro Liane Barreto Alves , Camara Rodrigo , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Lima Eduardo , Correia Maria Elizabeth Fernandes , Martins Cristiane Miranda , Zonta Everaldo , Menezes Carlos Eduardo Gabriel
Published: March 2017

Mound-building termites are important agents of soil bioperturbation, but these species have not been extensively studied thus far. The present study aimed to evaluate the soil particle-size and the chemical attributes of termite mounds and the surrounding soil under different land use strategies. A one-hectare plot was defined for an unmanaged degraded pasture, planted pasture, and for a eucalyptus Corymbia citriodora plantation. In each plot, the top, center, and base sections of five Cornitermes cumulans mounds, and the surrounding soil at the depths of 0-5; 5-10; 10-20 cm, were sampled in the Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro state. In the three areas, the center of the mounds contained higher clay content, organic carbon, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium, total bases, and cation exchangeable capacity, when compared to the top, base, and the surrounding soils. However, the center had lower values of exchangeable acidity and potassium, of the three areas. In the eucalyptus plantation, the values of pH, total bases, calcium, and magnesium were lower, whereas aluminum, exchangeable acidity, sodium, and cation exchange capacity were higher both in the mounds and in the surrounding soil, in relation to the pastures. There were no differences among the three areas in terms of organic carbon, potassium, phosphorous, and total bases, in the mounds and adjacent soil. Thus, the termite activity altered the clay content and most of the soil chemical properties in all of the studied areas, but only for the center of the mounds. However, the effect of these organisms was different in the eucalyptus plantation in relation to the pasture areas.
Fish consumers in the pioneer northern Region of the State of Paraná
Authors: Antonucci Miguel Cesar , Porto Emilia De Paiva , Salvador Rogério , Zanoni Marco Antonio , Lopera-Barrero Nelson Mauricio , Porto Petrônio Pinheiro
Published: March 2017

The social, economic and cultural situation and the habits and preferences of fish consumers are analyzed. The municipalities focused for current research are Bandeirantes, Cambará, Santo Antônio da Platina, Andirá, Cornélio Procópio and Itambaracá, within the meso-region of the so-called Pioneer Northern Region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Three hundred and forty-six structured questionnaires with seventeen multiple choice objective questions, featuring qualitative and quantitative variables, were handed out. Results show that 92% of the interviewed people ate fish; 55% earned more than three Brazilian minimum wages; 41% went to secondary school and 66% of the families comprised between three and five members. Mean fish consumption reached 18 kg/inhab/year; 54% of interviewed were over 40 years old; 37% preferred fish fillet; mostly prepared as fried fish. Moreover, the main obstacles for increase in consumption for 53% of the interviewed were high prices and non-availability of the product. The supermarket was the preferred place for purchase. Consumers in the Pioneer Northern Region of the Paraná have a relevant preference for fish, with a high capacity for per capita consumption increase even though supply and prices are strategic issues which require investigation.
Mechanical properties of baru fruit (Dipteryx alata Vogel)
Authors: Oliveira Daniel Emanuel Cabral de , Resende Osvaldo , Devilla Ivano Alessandro
Published: March 2017

This paper aimed to verify the influence of moisture content and drying temperature on the values of maximum compression strength for fixed strains (1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; and 7 mm), rupture force, and proportional deformity modulus on the baru fruit (Dipteryx alata Vogel) under compression in a natural resting position. Baru fruits with a moisture content ranging from 0.333 to 0.053 (decimal dry basis - db) were used. The fruits were uniaxially compressed between two parallel plates, in the natural resting position, and the nuts were dried at temperatures of 60, 80, and 100 °C. The reduction in the moisture content during drying was monitored using a gravimetric method (weight loss) to determine the initial moisture content of the product and the final moisture content. Based on our results, the compression force needed to deform the baru fruit decreased with increasing moisture content, regardless of the drying temperature. The proportional deformity modulus increased with the reduction of moisture content for all the studied temperatures. The reduced moisture content increased the force required to rupture the baru fruit, regardless of the drying temperature. The rupture forces of temperatures of 60 to 100 °C may be represented by one model.
Cardiorespiratory and electrocardiographic effects of methadone or morphine in the perioperative period in anesthetized dogs with continuous rate infusion of propofol and submitted to ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Cintra Priscila Pavini , Duque Celina Tie Nishimori , Silveira Mariana Póvoa , Santos Maria Augusta Adami Pereira dos , Silva Mariana Miranda Vaz da , Crivellenti Leandro Zuccolotto , Mattos Junior Ewaldo De
Published: March 2017

The aims of this study were compare the electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiopulmonary effects of methadone or morphine, both injected intravenously (IV) in dogs anesthetized with continuous infusion of propofol. Sixteen healthy female mongrel dogs were used in this study for elective ovariohysterectomy. The animals were allocated in random order into two groups assigned GME (methadone 0.3 mg kg-1, IV) or GMO (morphine 0.3 mg kg-1, IV). Parameters were evaluated: heart rate (HR), P-wave amplitude (Ps and PmV), interval between Ps and R waves (PR), QRS duration (QRS), R-wave amplitude (R), duration the interval between the Q and T waves (QT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), end tidal of carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and periferic oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2). Postoperative analgesia was assessed by mechanical nociceptive stimulus based on the scale proposed by Firth and Haldane (1999) and rescue analgesia based on the visual analogue scale. HR was lower in GME in relation to GMO. The P, PmV, PR, QRS, R and QT values remained within their normality tracks, showing no clinical importance. Apnea and ETCO2 increased in both groups. There was no difference between groups of the analgesic effects. It can be concluded that methadone and morphine promote similar cardiovascular effects after IV injection during surgery in dogs anesthetized with propofol by continuous rate infusion, however, when methadone used, assisted ventilation is required. In addition, both drugs promote postoperative analgesia until six hours.
Anti-Neospora caninum antibodies among dairy cattle in a rural settlement, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Katto Shiguedy , Cunha Filho Luiz Fernando Coelho da , Bogado Alexey Leon Gomel , Martins Thais Agostinho , Sammi Ana Sue , Santos Joeleni Rosa dos , Kono Isabelli Sayuri , Seixas Mércia De , Nino Beatriz De Souza Lima , Garcia João Luis
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of antibodies against Neospora caninum, obtained two years apart, among dairy cattle in a rural settlement in southern Brazil. Blood samples from 734 dairy cattle on 41 farms were collected at two different times: in 2012, 406 animals on 30 farms were used; and in 2014, 329 animals on 31 farms. Serum samples were obtained and were used to detect antibodies against N. caninum, by means of the indirect fluorescence assay (IFA). Animals with titers ? 100 were considered positive. The total serum prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies was 19.7% (145/736) among all the dairy cattle, comprising 23.1% (94/406) in 2012 and 15.5% (51/329) in 2014. Serum from 91 animals was tested in both trials: 11(12.1%) showed positivity in 2012 and 10 (11%) in 2014. The variables of age, sex and breed did not show any associations with seropositivity. Thus, we showed that the cattle in this settlement presented high levels of antibodies against N. caninum, and that IFA showed good efficacy for epidemiological studies.
Occurrence of Leishmania chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia canis vogeli, Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia canis in canine blood donors
Authors: Cruz Felipe Augusto Constantino Seabra da , Otsubo Amanda Atsumy Funakawa , Trevisan Yolanda Paim Arruda , Cruz Thalita Priscila Peres Seabra , Almeida Arleana Do Bom Parto Ferreira de , Mendonça Adriane Jorge , Nakazato Luciano , Sousa Valeria Régia Franco
Published: March 2017

The transfusion of blood components is common in a veterinary clinic; however, the safety of this therapeutic measure cannot always be guaranteed. Studies show a high risk of haemoparasite transmission during blood transfusion in canines. These parasites include Leishmania chagasi, Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia canis, which are endemic to the city of Cuiabá. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of L. chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia (canis) vogeli, A. platys, and E. canis in canine blood donor candidates, and identify possible factors associated with the infection of these agents. Sixty-six canines were evaluated using serologic and molecular tests, for the presence of the Leishmania species. While one canine sample showed a positive result for L. chagasi with indirect fluorescent antibody test, with titer of 1:40, and seven canine samples were positive using DPP, all other samples were negative when using PCR and ELISA. All canines were negative for T. cruzi when using PCR. The B. (c.) vogeli infection was identified in one canine and A. platys was identified in six canines. E. canis was identified in 17 canines, with a prevalence of 25.7%. There were no significant factors associated with the infection of the pathogens investigated. Given the observation of infection, even in the absence of clinical symptoms, emphasis must be placed on the need for the use of more sensitive and specific diagnostic methods for the screening of donor canines.
Detection of anti-Leptospira antibodies in domestic captive primates from Acre, Brazil
Authors: Medeiros Luciana Dos Santos , Souza Soraia Figueiredo de , Carvalho Yuri Karaccas de , Ribeiro Maria Vânia França , Martins Gabriel , Lilenbaum Walter
Published: March 2017

Because the Wild Animals Screening Center (CETAS) focuses intensely on restoration and maintenance of primate health and diversity in the Amazon region, detection of potential threats to animal health is crucial. In this view, neglected infections such as leptospirosis are of particular interest. In this report, we have studied the seroreactivity of anti-Leptospira antibodies from primate blood samples collected at CETAS between September 2011 and September 2012. Of the 14 animals investigated by the microscopic agglutination test using live antigens, five (35.7%) were reactive against serovars Celledoni (1), Hebdomadis (1), Icterohaemorrhagiae (2), and Sejroe (1). The results indicate that it is important to identify the contact of these animals with possible pathogens in order to ensure reintroduction of healthy animals into the wild and further understand the disease epidemiology in animals under captivity, gathering, and voluntary surrender of domestic captivity in Acre, Brazil.