bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Liquefaction Potential Index And Liquefaction Risk Index In Solo – Yogyakarta – YIA Kulon Progo Toll Road (STA. 07+500 – STA. 16+700)
Authors: Hasiholan F , Ismanti S , Rifa’i A
Published: October 2023

The construction of Solo – Yogyakarta – YIA Kulon Progo Toll Road aims to facilitate community economic connectivity from various sectors and increase the accessibility of tourism around southern Java. This research area has geological conditions consisting of tuff (volcanic ash sand) and shallow groundwater, which can trigger liquefaction. Historical earthquake data from The IRIS Earthquake Browser showed that an earthquake with Mw 5.2 occurred in Klaten Regency. This study investigated the index of potential liquefaction and the risk of ground failure potential due to liquefaction. The potential liquefaction analysis uses 10 SPT points at STA. 07+500 – STA. 16+700. The calculation safety factor of liquefaction analysis uses the method of Idriss-Boulanger. The index of liquefaction potential uses the LPI method, and the risk of ground failure potential due to liquefaction uses the LRI method. The result of this study shows the index of potential liquefaction and risk of ground failure potential due to liquefaction from low to very high. The correlation between the index of liquefaction potential and the risk of ground failure due to liquefaction is linear. Based on this study, further research is needed regarding liquefaction mitigation to be carried out in this study area.
Liquefaction Potential Index Analysis in Solo – Yogyakarta - NYIA Kulon Progo Toll Road (Section Karanganyar to Klaten Regency) at Central Java
Authors: Askaviolita  , Ismanti Sito , Fathani Teuku Faisal
Published: October 2023

Liquefaction had occurred in Yogyakarta due to an earthquake of moment magnitude, Mw 6.3 on May 27, 2006. This earthquake caused severe damage in several areas in Central Java. The study area in this construction was located mostly in some areas of Central Java Province that had a shallow groundwater table and often occurred earthquakes that might trigger liquefaction. The objective of this study was to analyze liquefaction potential in the construction of Solo – Yogyakarta – NYIA Kulon Progo toll road especially sta. 00+000-07+500 From Colomadu, Karanganyar Regency to Delanggu, Klaten Regency using two scenarios based on the existing earthquake history according to USGS data. That were earthquakes with Mw 6.3 and Mw 5.2 on a total of 47 boreholes. This study used data from Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and laboratory tests. The liquefaction potential analysis used the simplified procedure and Liquefaction Potential Index method. Based on liquefaction potential analysis, an earthquake of Mw 5.2 has a very low liquefaction potential compared to an earthquake of Mw 6.3. According to analysis results and hazards caused, an earthquake with Mw 6.3 is recommended to be used as a basis for mitigation against liquefaction planning.
Seismic Load Design of Rukoh Dam Suppletion Tunnel in Pidie Regency, Aceh, Indonesia, Based on Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses
Authors: Nuraulia M R , Indrawan I G B , Aldiamar F
Published: October 2023

The Rukoh Dam suppletion tunnel construction site in Pidie Regency, Aceh province, is located 5.6 kilometers from the Seulimeum-South segment of the active Sumatran fault. The active fault features a strike-slip fault mechanism with a slip rate of 7.0 millimeters per year and a maximum earthquake-recorded magnitude of 6.9 Mw. Considering that the construction site is located less than 10 kilometers from the active fault, which may cause earthquakes with a magnitude of at least 6 Mw, the SNI 1729:2019, which describes the procedures for planning earthquake resistance for buildings and non-building structures, requires the seismic load to be designed based on the site-specific responses analysis. Determination of the seismic load using a deterministic seismic hazard analysis was the objective of this study. The seismic load based on the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis by Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional (PusGen) in 2017 is also compared. The 2017 Indonesian Earthquake Source and Hazard Map were used to find out about the fault mechanism, slip rate, deterministic magnitude, orientation, and coordinates of traces. The deterministic seismic hazard analysis was conducted using EZ-FRISK 8.07 software and attenuation equations with shallow crustal earthquake sources for fault and shallow background earthquake sources, i.e., the Boore-Atkinson NGA 2014, the Campbell-Bozorgnia NGA 2014, and the Chiou-Youngs NGA 2014 equations. The deterministic analysis based on those attenuation equations predicted the active fault to result in a peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 0.66 g at the construction site of the Rukoh Dam suppletion tunnel. In comparison, the probabilistic hazard analysis conducted by Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional (PusGen) in 2017 indicated a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.537 g. Therefore, the seismic load is recommended for the structural designs of the embankment dam and the other infrastructures, particularly the suppletion tunnel.
Analytical Study on Ground Behavior During the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake, Indonesia
Authors: Hori Ren , Inoue Kazuma , Ikeda Takaaki , Kiyota Takashi
Published: October 2023

The 2018 Sulawesi earthquake, Indonesia, caused long-distance ground flow in several areas in Palu city, about 80 km south of the epicenter, with the largest area reaching about 3.5 km × 1.5 km. The common feature of the long-distance ground flow area is that the slope of the ground surface is gentle. In this study, we aim to clarify the mechanism of the long-distance ground flow by using seismic response analysis and simplified liquefaction analysis. Three sites with different damage conditions will be targeted. Then, a one-dimensional soil column model is created from the boring log, and the response characteristics are analyzed by seismic response analysis. Also, a geological survey of the site confirmed that there are mountains of 2000 m in height around the site, thus water easily accumulates in the alluvial fan under the mountains. It is also assumed that pressurized groundwater exists. There are some possible causes of the flow: one is the formation of an aquifer beneath the surface layer, which may have initiated the flow; the other is the liquefaction from the surface layer to the cap layer, which may have caused the cap to come off and pressurized groundwater to be ejected, leading to long-distance ground flow. In this study, we consider the liquefaction of the surface layer, and the large relative displacement between the cap layer and the layer below it created water paths, and the pressurized groundwater is supplied continuously to the upper layer through the water paths. As a result, in terms of ground seismic response analysis results, shear strain and relative displacement were larger at the damaged point, but no remarkable results were obtained. However, in the simple liquefaction analysis, it was suggested that the liquefaction layer increased when the pressure is taken into account, leading to long-distance ground flow.
Earthquake Risk Potential Caused by Active Faults in Sumatra (Case Study: Earthquakes in the Land of West Sumatra Province and its vicinity)
Authors: Murjaya Jaya , Rahman Aditya Setyo , Sili Petrus Demon , Karnawati Dwikorita , Supriyanto  , Fatimah Siti , Sutiyono  , Sugianto Dedi , Ahadi Suaidi
Published: October 2023

The land of West Sumatra province is one of prone area stricken by the destructive earthquakes. Based on historical records, the land of West Sumatra province has a high seismic risk related to the earthquake events along active faults, such as the Sianok, Barumun, Sumani, Siulak and Angkola faults. Some destructive earthquakes occurred in these faults and caused fatalities in West Sumatra area and its vicinity, e.g., the earthquakes near Bukit Tinggi district in 1926, 1977, 2007 (doublet earthquakes-Tabel 1) and 2022. A previous study shows that the Sumani, Siulak, Sianok, Barumun and Angkola faults has a potential magnitude 7.1-7.7, a geodetic slip-rate of 6-14 mm/y respectively and these move generally strike slip. Using these magnitude scenarios to make the earthquakes impact modelled, we find the maximum intensity is about of VII-VIII MMI scale, the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is about of 42-64 % g, and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) is about of 30-50 cm/s for the assumption of 5-15 km hypocentral depth. Also with using the scaling law relation of earthquake parameters and magnitude scenarios the earthquake return period can be calculated by a kinematic model with the source mechanism was modelled as a strike slip faults. Estimation of the earthquake return period with magnitude (Mw) scenarios about 7.1-7.7 for these active faults is about of 114 until 612 years for strike slip model respectively. This method can be developed to make identically assessment for others active fault in Sumatra region and the result can be used as one of a consideration to support of planning of the long term landscape in the prone of earthquakes area.
Building Treatments in Numerical Modeling of Dam Break Induced Flow in Urban Area
Authors: Sandi C , Adityawan M B , Nurendyastuti A K , Farid M , Harlan D , Kuntoro A A , Widyaningtias
Published: October 2023

Dam break is one of the most dangerous disasters, which cause a large mass of water from the reservoir is suddenly released to the downstream. Although dam break events are still rare, the occurrences can cause severe damage to the downstream area, especially if the downstream is an urban area. Urban flood due to dam break has a different characteristic compared to the flood in nature. Modeling the flood is good way to learn the urban flood characteristic. Therefore, further studies are needed to develop an urban dam break model. Numerical modeling is one of the most effective methods to simulate the flood. In numerical modeling, buildings can be modeled with 3 approaches, as a wall boundary, as an area with high manning value, and as a contour. This paper discusses about two-dimensional flow of a dam break which flows through a sloping channel and single building, particularly comparing 3 approaches to modeled the building. The case is based on laboratory experiment of previous study. The model was developed with 2D Shallow Water Equations (SWE) which are based on the conservation of mass and momentum derived from Navier Stokes equation. The equations then discretized using Mac-Cormack numerical scheme. Numerical filter is used to reduce the numerical instability or oscillation in the model. The numerical model results are then compared to the experimental result from previous study. The accuracy of the numerical model was checked using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) to determine the best methods to modeled the building. The results indicate that modeling the building as a wall boundary have the best results with lowest RMSE value and also shown the closest comparison of water level compared to the experimental results. By conducting this study, it is hoped to assist the urban dam break modeling in the future.
Issues and Problems Affecting Post-Disaster Reconstruction Activities in Indonesia
Authors: Prawenti H , Susilowati F , Jannah R M , Susanto S H
Published: October 2023

Efforts to mitigate the danger of disasters continue. Both long-term and short-term Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) activities have been undertaken by governments and International Organizations. One type of long-term post-disaster activity is rehabilitation and reconstruction, which are an important part of the catastrophe recovery phase Long-term reconstruction activities are activities that have uncertainty. The reconstruction necessitates the integration of long-term development plans that account for various catastrophic risks and the possibility of mitigating future dangers. Based on past research, uncertainty variables show a problem with the activity of reconstruction activities. Numerous countries, including Malaysia, Nepal, America, and Estonia, have conducted research on the challenges and issues associated with construction activity. This research variable was developed from several studies conducted in several countries to obtain more comprehensive variables for study in the disaster-prone. Assessment instruments were developed using questionnaires distributed to a sample of respondents who met the initial criteria. Relative importance index (RII) is used in data processing procedures, and this paper examines the concerns and difficulties experienced during the reconstruction process. The data analysis found that the most dominant aspect that influences the construction period is the delay in project completion. With the value of the Relative Importance Index (RII) at the High-Medium (H–M) level (0.6 RI 0.8) with a value of 0.769 and all research variables are included in the High-Medium (H–M), namely (0.6 ≤ RI ≤ 0.8).
Design of Vertical Evacuation Building at Painan City Using Results From Tsunami Propagation Modeling
Authors: Rahmasari P , Kusumastuti D , Adityawan M B
Published: October 2023

Fault under the Mentawai Islands has high potential to cause a large earthquake and triggering tsunami. Painan City, is located near the fault. With geographical condition on a bay surrounded by hills in the upstream area, a tsunami may cause a flow channeling effect and increase the inundation distance. An alternative of mitigation effort is to build a Vertical Evacuation Building (VEB) to help the community to reach a safe elevation within the evacuation time. Therefore, VEB should be designed to withstand tsunami impacts and to resist large earthquakes. This study conducts the design and analysis of the performance of multi-functional VEB structures at Painan City. The tsunami propagation simulation was carried out, and parameters obtained were used for structural design. Three VEB models were developed, i.e., (i) model with walls under tsunami and earthquake loads, (ii) model without walls under tsunami and earthquake loads, and (iii) model without walls under earthquake load only as the lateral load. Non-linear static pushover analyses were later conducted to evaluate the structural performances. The study revealed that debris force affects the most compared to other tsunami force components. Structural openings also affect the tsunami load received by the structure. Column moment force for models designed with tsunami load is greater than that of earthquake, while the difference is less significant for beam. The internal force differences occur along the tsunami inundated depth, thus influence the component design. From the pushover analysis, all models were found to meet the performance targets for earthquake.
Implementation of a quick assessment application called InaRISK for damaged houses after the West Pasaman Earthquake (2022)
Authors: Fauzan  , Carol N D , Ismail F A , Narny Y
Published: October 2023

West Sumatra, located at the boundary of two of Earth’s shifting tectonic plates, is prone to natural disasters, especially earthquake. On 25th February 2022, an earthquake centered 18 km northeast of Simpang Empat, the capital city of West Pasaman, with a magnitude of 5.2 M, struck off at 08.35 WIB. This earthquake claimed lives and damaged buildings. After the earthquake, the need for rehabilitation and reconstruction is indispensable. Various methods are used in assessing the damaged houses, however, the assessment still use the manual method but is assessed as having many shortcomings. In the case of West Pasaman earthquake, the start of application-based to collect data is improvement to the manual method with its practicality and time-saving capability. This application, developed by National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) is called InaRisk. Although this application has made a breakthrough, improvement for this application is required as there are still drawbacks especially it cannot be be used without internet connection. This paper discusses the usage of a quick assessment application called InaRISK for damaged houses after the West Pasaman earthquake. A new assessment method developed by Andalas University Team called Earthquake Rapid Assessment (E-RA) is also discussed in this paper.
What governs the atomic structure of the interface between 2D transition metal dichalcogenides in lateral heterostructures?
Authors: Davies Francis H , Mehlich Kai , Busse Carsten , Krasheninnikov Arkady V
Published: October 2023

The development of lateral heterostructures (LHs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials with similar atomic structure but distinct electronic properties, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), opened a new route towards realisation of optoelectronic devices with unique characteristics. In contrast to van der Waals vertical heterostructures, the covalent bonding at the interface between subsystems in LHs is strong, such that the morphology of the interface, which can be coherent or contain dislocations, strongly affects the properties of the LH. We predict the atomic structure of the interface with account for the mismatch between the primitive cell sizes of the components, and more important, the widths of the joined materials using parameters derived from first-principles calculations. We apply this approach to a variety of TMDCs and set a theoretical limit on when the transition of the interface from coherent to dislocation-type should occur. We validate our theoretical results by comparison with the initial stage of two-dimensional heteropitaxial growth of junctions between MoS2 and TaS2 on Au(111).
Effect of microstructure heterogeneity on the cryogenic fracture toughness of the dissimilar joint between SA645 and 304L made by laser welding
Authors: Zhou Fei , Wu Bingxin , Ji Junhao , Tu Jiaqing , Huang Yaoyao , Wu Chengzhe , Li Chao
Published: October 2023

The cryogenic fracture toughness of the SA645/304L dissimilar weld, produced using continuous wave IPG fiber laser welding with a 0.3 mm beam offset towards the 304L side, and the microstructural effects on the fracture behavior were systematically investigated. The weld metal consists of ∼89% columnar dendritic martensite and ∼11% retained austenite (RA), where the ununiform distribution of constituent phases as well as the distinctions between martensite and RA in terms of morphology and mechanical properties lead to the microstructure heterogeneity of weld metal. Pop-in phenomenon appears on the Force-Displacement (F-V) curve during the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) test for the weld. The CTOD value for the weld is ∼0.057 mm, about 8 times less than that when pop-in effect is ignored (∼0.563 mm). Rapid propagation of the pre-fatigue crack tip along the center of the weld leads to the pop-in phenomenon. Fracture surface in pre-fatigue crack tip (PCT) region shows quasi-cleavage features, while fracture surface in stable crack propagation (SCP) region presents a ductile-fractured surface with dimples. The crack propagation path in SCP region is frequently deflected. Inhibition effect of grain boundaries on crack propagation and TRIP effect of retained austenite (RA) result in the improvement in fracture toughness of the SCP region.
The effective enhancement of information in 3D small-world networks of biological neuronal cells
Authors: Gentile F
Published: October 2023

The cardiovascular system, the kidney, or the brain, are examples of complex systems - where the properties of the systems arise because of the layout of cells in those systems. One way to characterize systems is using networks, where elements and interactions of the systems are represented as nodes and links of a graph. Network’s topology can be, in turn, measured by the small-world coefficient. Small world networks feature increased clustering and shorter paths compared to random or periodic networks of the same size. This suggests that systems with small world attributes can also efficiently transport signals, nutrients, or information within their body. While several reports in literature have illustrated that real biological systems are small-world, yet little is known about how information varies as a function of the small-world-ness (

sw

) of three dimensional graphs. Here, we used a model of the brain to estimate quantitatively the information processed in 3D networks. In the model, nodes of the graph are neuronal units capable to receive, integrate and transmit signals to other neurons of the system in parallel. The information encoded in the signals was then extracted using the techniques of information theory. In simulations where the topology of networks of

400

nodes was varied over large intervals, we found that in the

0

−

9

sw

range information scales linearly with the small world coefficient, with a five-fold increase. Results of the paper and review of the existing literature on model organisms suggest that a small-world architecture may offer an evolutionary advantage to biological systems.
Nonlinear position control of electro-hydraulic servo system based on lyapunov robust integral backstepping controller
Authors: Enyan Michael , Bing Zhang , Junsen Rao , Amu-Darko Jesse Nii Okai , Issaka Eliasu , Páez Luis Miguel Ruiz
Published: October 2023

In electro-hydraulic servo systems (EHSS), high nonlinearity and time-varying features limit the hydraulic actuator performance. In feedback-based systems, linearization reduces nonlinearities. Their cancellation may produce instability when modeling uncertainty exists. This work uses a robust nonlinear controller based on Lyapunov theory to control the nonlinear position of the electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS). The dynamics of the system were modeled as extensively as possible, and then a simplified mathematical model based on the EHSS dynamics was created for the controller design. Integral backstepping was used to design the nonlinear robust controller utilizing the Lyapunov theory of nonlinear systems. Lyapunov functions theoretically ensured closed-loop stability. Comparative simulation analysis and experimental investigation in real-time with the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller optimized offline for position tracking control were carried out. Besides tracking performance and steady-state error, the mean square error (MSE), the root mean square error (RMSE), the maximum absolute value of tracking errors

(
M

e

)
,

and the standard deviation of tracking errors (σ) was utilized to evaluate the controllers’ performance. The simulation analysis and experimental verification were accomplished under various sinusoidal trajectories using different testing conditions (amplitudes, frequencies, and external disturbance), in all testing conditions the effectiveness of the robust nonlinear integral backstepping controller was demonstrated.
Comment on ‘Physics-based representations for machine learning properties of chemical reactions’
Authors: Spiekermann Kevin A , Stuyver Thijs , Pattanaik Lagnajit , Green William H
Published: October 2023

In a recent article in this journal, van Gerwen et al (2022 Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol.
3 045005) presented a kernel ridge regression model to predict reaction barrier heights. Here, we comment on the utility of that model and present references and results that contradict several statements made in that article. Our primary interest is to offer a broader perspective by presenting three aspects that are essential for researchers to consider when creating models for chemical kinetics: (1) are the model’s prediction targets and associated errors sufficient for practical applications? (2) Does the model prioritize user-friendly inputs so it is practical for others to integrate into prediction workflows? (3) Does the analysis report performance on both interpolative and more challenging extrapolative data splits so users have a realistic idea of the likely errors in the model’s predictions?
Reply to Comment on ‘Physics-based representations for machine learning properties of chemical reactions’
Authors: van Gerwen Puck , Wodrich Matthew D , Laplaza Ruben , Corminboeuf Clemence
Published: October 2023

Recently, we published an article in this journal that explored physics-based representations in combination with kernel models for predicting reaction properties (i.e. TS barrier heights). In an anonymous comment on our contribution, the authors argue, amongst other points, that deep learning models relying on atom-mapped reaction SMILES are more appropriate for the same task. This raises the question: are deep learning models sounding the death knell for kernel based models? By studying several datasets that vary in the type of chemical (i.e. high-quality atom-mapping) and structural information (i.e. Cartesian coordinates of reactants and products) contained within, we illustrate that physics-based representations combined with kernel models are competitive with deep learning models. Indeed, in some cases, such as when reaction barriers are sensitive to the geometry, physics-based models represent the only viable candidate. Furthermore, we illustrate that the good performance of deep learning models relies on high-quality atom-mapping, which comes with significant human time-cost and, in some cases, is impossible. As such, both physics-based and graph models offer their own relative benefits to predict reaction barriers of differing datasets.
A survey of the homology cobordism group
Authors: Şavk Oğuz
Published: October 2023

In this survey, we present the most recent highlights from the study of the homology cobordism group, with particular emphasis on its long-standing and rich history in the context of smooth manifolds. Further, we list various results on its algebraic structure and discuss its crucial role in the development of low-dimensional topology. Also, we share a series of open problems about the behavior of homology

3
3

-spheres and the structure of

Θ

Z

3

\Theta _{\mathbb {Z}}^3

. Finally, we briefly discuss the knot concordance group

C

\mathcal {C}

and the rational homology cobordism group

Θ

Q

3

\Theta _{\mathbb {Q}}^3

, focusing on their algebraic structures, relating them to

Θ

Z

3

\Theta _{\mathbb {Z}}^3

, and highlighting several open problems. The appendix is a compilation of several constructions and presentations of homology

3
3

-spheres introduced by Brieskorn, Dehn, Gordon, Seifert, Siebenmann, and Waldhausen.
STAT3-dependent long non-coding RNA Lncenc1 contributes to mouse ES cells pluripotency via stabilizing Klf4 mRNA
Authors: Monteleone Emanuele , Corrieri Paola , Provero Paolo , Viavattene Daniele , Pulvirenti Lorenzo , Raggi Laura , Carbognin Elena , Bianchi Marco E , Martello Graziano , Oliviero Salvatore , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Poli Valeria
Published: October 2023

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) preserve the unique ability to differentiate into any somatic cell lineage while maintaining their self-renewal potential, relying on a complex interplay of extracellular signals regulating the expression/activity of pluripotency transcription factors and their targets. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-activated STAT3 drives ESCs’ stemness by a number of mechanisms, including the transcriptional induction of pluripotency factors such as Klf4 and the maintenance of a stem-like epigenetic landscape. However, it is unknown if STAT3 directly controls stem-cell specific non-coding RNAs, crucial to balance pluripotency and differentiation. Applying a bioinformatic pipeline, here we identify Lncenc1 in mouse ESCs as an STAT3-dependent long non-coding RNA that supports pluripotency. Lncenc1 acts in the cytoplasm as a positive feedback regulator of the LIF–STAT3 axis by competing for the binding of microRNA-128 to the 3’UTR of the Klf4 core pluripotency factor mRNA, enhancing its expression. Our results unveil a novel non-coding RNA-based mechanism for LIF–STAT3-mediated pluripotency.
Homozygous MFN2 variants causing severe antenatal encephalopathy with clumped mitochondria
Authors: Chevrollier Arnaud , Bonnard Adeline Alice , Ruaud Lyse , Gueguen Naïg , Perrin Laurence , Desquiret-Dumas Valérie , Guimiot Fabien , Becker Pierre-Hadrien , Levy Jonathan , Reynier Pascal , Gaignard Pauline
Published: October 2023

Pathogenic variants in the MFN2 gene are commonly associated with autosomal dominant (CMT2A2A) or recessive (CMT2A2B) Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, with possible involvement of the CNS. Here, we present a case of severe antenatal encephalopathy with lissencephaly, polymicrogyria and cerebellar atrophy.

Whole genome analysis revealed a homozygous deletion c.1717-274_1734 del (NM_014874.4) in the MFN2 gene, leading to exon 16 skipping and in-frame loss of 50 amino acids (p.Gln574_Val624del), removing the proline-rich domain and the transmembrane domain 1 (TM1). MFN2 is a transmembrane GTPase located on the mitochondrial outer membrane that contributes to mitochondrial fusion, shaping large mitochondrial networks within cells. In silico modelling showed that the loss of the TM1 domain resulted in a drastically altered topological insertion of the protein in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Fetus fibroblasts, investigated by fluorescent cell imaging, electron microscopy and time-lapse recording, showed a sharp alteration of the mitochondrial network, with clumped mitochondria and clusters of tethered mitochondria unable to fuse. Multiple deficiencies of respiratory chain complexes with severe impairment of complex I were also evidenced in patient fibroblasts, without involvement of mitochondrial DNA instability.

This is the first reported case of a severe developmental defect due to MFN2 deficiency with clumped mitochondria.
AgingReG: a curated database of aging regulatory relationships in humans
Authors: Piao Minghui , Feng Ke , Liu Xinyu , Bai Xuefeng , Zheng Yuqi , Sun Meiling , Zhao Peng , Wang Yani , Ban Xiaofang , Xiong Jie , Shi Chengyu , Meng Li , Liu Yuxin , Yu Li , Li Jing , Zhong Shan , Jiang Xinjian , Chen Yu , Sun Xin , Zheng Yan , Tian Jinwei
Published: October 2023

Aging and cellular senescence are characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity, which could be triggered by aging factors such as physiological, pathological and external factors. Numerous studies have shown that gene regulatory events play crucial roles in aging, increasing the need for a comprehensive repository of regulatory relationships during aging. Here, we established a manually curated database of aging factors (AgingReG, https://bio.liclab.net/Aging-ReG/), focusing on the regulatory relationships during aging with experimental evidence in humans. By curating thousands of published literature, 2157 aging factor entries (1345 aging gene entries, 804 external factor entries and eight aging-related pathway entries) and related regulatory information were manually curated. The regulatory relationships were classified into four types according to their functions: (i) upregulation, which indicates that aging factors upregulate the expression of target genes during aging; (ii) downregulation, which indicates that aging factors downregulate the expression of target genes during aging; (iii) activation, which indicates that aging factors influence the activity of target genes during aging and (iv) inhibition, which indicates that aging factors inhibit the activation of target molecule activity, leading to declined or lost target activity. AgingReG involves 651 upregulating pairs, 632 downregulating pairs, 330 activation-regulating pairs and 34 inhibition-regulating pairs, covering 195 disease types and more than 800 kinds of cells and tissues from 1784 published literature studies. AgingReG provides a user-friendly interface to query, browse and visualize detailed information about the regulatory relationships during aging. We believe that AgingReG will serve as a valuable resource database in the field of aging research.

Database URL: https://bio.liclab.net/Aging-ReG/
Impact of symptom-to-reperfusion-time on transmural infarct extent and left ventricular strain in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a 3D view on the wavefront phenomenon
Authors: Demirkiran Ahmet , Beijnink Casper W H , Kloner Robert A , Hopman Luuk H G A , van der Hoeven Nina W , van Pouderoijen Nikki , Janssens Gladys N , Everaars Henk , van Leeuwen Maarten A H , van Rossum Albert C , van Royen Niels , Robbers Lourens F H J , Nijveldt Robin
Published: October 2023

Aims

We examined the association between the symptom-to-reperfusion-time and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived global strain parameters and transmural infarct extent in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methods and results

The study included 108 STEMI patients who underwent successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Patients were categorized according to the median symptom-to-reperfusion-time: shorter (<160 min, n = 54) and longer times (>160 min, n = 54). CMR was performed 2–7 days after PPCI and at 1 month. CMR cine imaging was performed for functional assessment and late gadolinium enhancement to evaluate transmural infarct extent. Myocardial feature-tracking was used for strain analysis. Groups were comparable in relation to incidence of LAD disease and pre- and post-PPCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grades. The mean transmural extent score at follow-up was lower in patients with shorter reperfusion time (P < 0.01). Both baseline and follow-up maximum transmural extent scores were smaller in patients with shorter reperfusion time (P = 0.03 for both). Patients with shorter reperfusion time had more favourable global left ventricular (LV) circumferential strain (baseline, P = 0.049; follow-up, P = 0.01) and radial strain (baseline, P = 0.047; follow-up, P < 0.01), whilst LV longitudinal strain appeared comparable for both baseline and follow-up (P > 0.05 for both). In multi-variable regression analysis including all three strain directions, baseline LV circumferential strain was independently associated with the mean transmural extent score at follow-up (β=1.89, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

In STEMI patients, time-to-reperfusion was significantly associated with smaller transmural extent of infarction and better LV circumferential and radial strain. Moreover, infarct transmurality and residual LV circumferential strain are closely linked.
The Unlevel Playing Field: Gender, Discrimination, and Global Attitudes toward Trade
Authors: Guisinger Alexandra , Kleinberg Katja B
Published: October 2023

The gender gap in support for trade is one of the most robust empirical findings to emerge from research on public opinion in international political economy. Even controlling for differences in education, skill level, industry affiliation, and other factors, women express consistently more protectionist views than men. Less frequently noted, and thus far unexplained, is that this gender gap varies cross-nationally. We advance an explanation that draws attention to national differences in gender discrimination, predicting that the gender gap will be larger in countries with greater gender discrimination. Using two decades of public opinion data across twenty-two OECD countries and measures of de facto and de jure gender equity, we conduct three separate empirical analyses of the relationship between levels of equity, women’s trade attitudes, and the gender gap. The results support the contention that unequal gender treatment is an important driver of the gender gap in trade attitudes.
Age-Friendly and Climate Resilient Communities: A Grey–Green Alliance
Authors: Dabelko-Schoeny Holly , Dabelko Geoffrey D , Rao Smitha , Damico Melissa , Doherty Fiona C , Traver Anthony C , Sheldon Marisa
Published: October 2023

The world’s population is aging while the Earth’s climate is warming. The climate change crisis poses threats to our aging population and requires concerted action. Steps to address these threats present opportunities for improving livability for people of all ages while addressing the underlying drivers of climate change. Yet prominent action frameworks such as the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities do not explicitly include climate resilience and sustainability as essential elements of age-friendly communities. In this essay, we argue for the creation of a cross-cutting and interdependent sustainability and climate resilience domain to complement the existing interconnected WHO age-friendly domains of community and healthcare, communication and information, housing, civic participation and employment, outdoor spaces and buildings, social participation, respect and social inclusion, and transportation. These domains drive the community engagement, planning, action, and evaluation required by the communities who join the Global Network for Age-Friendly Cities and Communities. The age-friendly network currently includes 1,445 communities, across 51 countries. We discuss how the alignment of age-friendly and climate resilience networks strengthens local action and global advocacy through a shared vision for an age-friendly and climate resilient future.
Introduction
Authors: Goodhart Michael
Published: October 2023

This introductory chapter explores the field of human rights, considering it first as a field of enquiry that can be interrogated through both normative and empirical approaches. The chapter goes on to consider the theories and practices of human rights, including liberalist, legal positivist, and social constructivist theories. The chapter then briefly considers the international human rights regime and ends with an introduction to the rest of the book.
20. The Human Right to Water
Authors: Baer Madeline
Published: October 2023

This chapter tackles the human right to have access to water, as it plays a central role in issues such as poverty and climate change. It highlights the importance of clean water to daily survival and the future habitability of the planet. Water services have been viewed as public goods to be provided by governments without profit to all members of society. Moreover, international human rights treaties highlighted the accessibility and affordability of water as it is essential to realizing other rights. The chapter then raises the concern over the privatization of water by referencing the case study of Bolivia implementing and evaluating the human right to water (HRtW).
21. Human Rights and the UN Sustainable Development Goals1
Authors: Winkler Inga T. , Hernandez Matheus de Carvalho
Published: October 2023

This chapter covers the relationship between human rights and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It starts with the history and development of the SDGs, which included the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The concept of sustainable development is based on the pillars of economic, environmental, and social development, which allowed the integration of human rights, climate change, and many other issues. The key challenges of SGDs revolve around the lack of ensuring accountability and addressing inequality, which made its significant potential to contribute to the realization of human rights. Finally, the chapter provides a case study of SDG's commitment to reducing inequalities.
Genetics of infertility: a paradigm shift for medically assisted reproduction
Authors: Verpoest Willem , Okutman Özlem , Van Der Kelen Annelore , Sermon Karen , Viville Stéphane
Published: October 2023

The field of reproductive genetics has undergone significant advancements with the completion of the Human Genome Project and the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques. This has led to the identification of numerous genes involved in both male and female infertility, revolutionizing the diagnosis and management of infertility patients. Genetic investigations, including karyotyping, specific genetic tests, and high-throughput sequencing, have become essential in determining the genetic causes of infertility. Moreover, the integration of genetics into reproductive medicine has expanded the scope of care to include not only affected individuals or couples but also their family members. Genetic consultations and counselling play a crucial role in identifying potentially affected relatives and offering tailored therapy and the possibility of fertility preservation. Despite the current limited therapeutic options, an increasing understanding of genotype–phenotype correlations in infertility genes holds promise for improved treatment outcomes. The availability of genetic diagnostic tools has reduced the number of idiopathic infertility cases by providing accurate aetiological diagnoses. The transition from research to clinical practice in reproductive genetics requires the establishment of genetic consultations and data warehousing systems to provide up-to-date information on gene–disease relationships. Overall, the integration of genetics into reproductive medicine has brought about a paradigm shift, emphasizing the familial dimension of infertility and offering new possibilities for personalized care and family planning.
Leveraging data from a private recreational fishing application to begin to understand potential impacts from offshore wind development
Authors: DePiper Geret , Corvi Dennis , Steinback Scott , Arrington D Albrey , Blalock Rick , Roman Nate
Published: October 2023

The development of offshore wind energy in the United States necessitates a sound understanding of trade-offs across ocean uses. Location data on private recreational fishing have been a glaring gap in understanding how society uses marine resources, despite its economic importance. In this study, we use a novel data set to start to fill that knowledge gap. We employ a flexible restricted likelihood spatial scan statistic on data from Fish Rules, a smartphone application, which provides georeferenced species-level regulations, to understand whether species-level data of user queries are clustered spatially. Originally developed for epidemiological studies of disease clusters, the flexible scan statistic employed in this study uses a Bernoulli likelihood ratio test to assess the size, number, and significance of clusters in presence/absence data for recreational species. We use a second data set of known fishing locations to validate that the clusters identify private recreational fishing activity. We then discuss the analysis in the context of wind lease areas in the region, highlighting its value in supporting management decision-making. The results suggest that Fish Rules data identify areas with a high likelihood of being private angler fishing locations and can assess differential impacts of offshore wind development on private recreational fishing activities.
Lorentzian Fans
Authors: Ross Dustin
Published: October 2023

We introduce the notion of Lorentzian fans, which form a special class of tropical fans that are particularly well-suited for proving Alexandrov–Fenchel-type inequalities. To demonstrate the utility of Lorentzian fans, we prove a practical characterization of them in terms of their two-dimensional star fans. We also show that Lorentzian fans are closed under many common tropical fan operations, and we discuss how the Lorentzian property descends to the underlying tropical variety, allowing us to deduce Alexandrov–Fenchel-type inequalities in the general setting of tropical intersection theory on tropical fan varieties.
‘Hey Siri, You’re Dumb!’: Investigating Blurting Instances of Voice-Based Assistants
Authors: Rijhwani V , Edwards C
Published: October 2023

Voice-based assistants (VBAs) are transforming how we interact with technology. We rely heavily on VBAs (such as Siri, Alexa and Google Assistant) to manage our daily routines and tasks. The current study extends past research on blurting to the human–machine communication (HMC) context. An online survey (n = 185) was conducted to investigate blurting with a VBA. We analysed open-ended accounts of instances in which participants had blurted during conversations with a VBA. In addition, findings show that blurting with a VBA is related to the less sophisticated views of interpersonal arguments and higher argument seeking, verbal aggressiveness, psychological reactance, extraversion and neuroticism. Our findings suggest that although people blurt with VBAs, in line with the general Computers Are Social Actors paradigm, the reasons are unique to HMC.
Population genetics of Leptoglossus clypealis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) in the Western United States
Authors: Esquivel Jesus F , Joyce Andrea L
Published: October 2023

The leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus clypealis Heidemann, is a seed-feeding economic pest of crops including almonds and pistachios. The historical distribution of L. clypealis has been considered to be West of the Mississippi in the United States. L. clypealis was recently found in sorghum in the Coastal Bend of Texas, representing a new host record and new collection locality. This study investigated the genetic diversity of L. clypealis museum voucher samples from the Western United States (i.e., Texas, California, and Idaho) collected from 1994 to 2019, including the L. clypealis samples from the Coastal Bend. Eleven new sequences were obtained. Sample sequences were compared with public sequences of L. clypealis from the Western United States. The mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase 1 (mtDNA COI) barcode gene region revealed differences among and within the collection regions. Texas, Idaho, and California all had samples with unique genotypes, and the combined dataset had a haplotype diversity of 1.0. The Texas specimens recently collected in the Coastal Bend did not match genotypes from California or Idaho, and it is unlikely they were recently introduced. Overall, L. clypealis from Texas, Idaho, and California have a high level of genetic diversity, and the 3 regions appear to be within the native range of the species.
A phase III randomized controlled trial comparing local field with additional prophylactic irradiation in chemoradiotherapy for clinical-T1bN0M0 esophageal cancer: ARMADILLO trial (JCOG1904)
Authors: Sasaki Keita , Nomura Motoo , Kato Ken , Sakanaka Katsuyuki , Ito Yoshinori , Kadota Tomohiro , Machida Ryunosuke , Kataoka Tomoko , Minashi Keiko , Tsubosa Yasuhiro , Kajiwara Takeshi , Fukuda Haruhiko , Takeuchi Hiroya , Mizowaki Takashi , Nishimura Yasumasa , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: October 2023

Chemoradiotherapy has been considered as one of the standard treatment options for clinical T1bN0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with organ preservation. However, 20% of patients develop locoregional recurrence after chemoradiotherapy, which requires salvage treatment including salvage surgery and endoscopic resection. Salvage surgery can cause complications and treatment-related death. Interestingly, chemoradiotherapy with elective nodal irradiation has been reported to reduce the locoregional recurrence of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Hence, we are conducting a clinical trial to confirm whether modified chemoradiotherapy with elective nodal irradiation was superiority to that without elective nodal irradiation for the patients with cT1bN0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The primary endpoint is major progression-free survival, defined as the time from randomization to the date of death or disease progression, excluding successful curative resection through salvage endoscopic resection. We plan to enroll 280 patients from 54 institutions over 4 years. This trial has been registered in the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs031200067).