bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Terapi Perilaku Kognitif Berbasis Internet untuk Depresi: Tinjauan Sistematis
Authors: Supirno Supirno , Singkali Dina Palayukan
Published: January 2024

Kurangnya masyarakat dalam mencari pengobatan depresi masih terjadi di masyarakat. Ini dipengaruhi oleh keterbatasan penanganan psikologis secara tatap muka, stigma,  biaya pengobatan terbatas  dan terapis yang terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas terapi perilaku kognitif berbasis internet (iCBT) untuk mengurangi depresi. Metode penelitian adalah tinjauan sistematis pasien depresi dengan kriteria pemilihan studi menggunakan database Scopus, Science Direct, dan Pubmed oleh Randomized Control Trial (RCT). Hasil: Dari 15 jurnal yang digunakan dan diulas, iCBT dapat mengurangi depresi karena terapi iCBT dapat mengendalikan suasana hati seseorang. Selain itu, terapi terapi perilaku kognitif berbasis internet lebih murah, dan menghemat waktu. Kesimpulan: iCBT dapat mengurangi depresi.
Analisis Hubungan antara Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat pada Tatanan Keluarga dengan Status Personal Hygiene di Tatura Utara RW 01 - Palu Selatan
Authors: Iwan Iwan
Published: January 2024

Perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat merupakan wujud perwujudan budaya dalam kehidupan individu, keluarga, dan masyarakat yang berorientasi sehat, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan, melestarikan, dan melindungi kesehatan jasmani, rohani, spiritual, dan sosial. Ada 10 indikator Perilaku Bersih dan Sehat, salah satunya adalah personal hygiene. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dalam keluarga dengan status personal hygiene. Jenis penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah kepala keluarga yang bertempat tinggal di Tatura Utara RW 01 - Palu Selatan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 44 orang, kemudian pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik quota sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan bivariat menggunakan Fisher's Exact Test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 27 responden yang memiliki status PHBS sehat, terdapat 18 responden yang memiliki status personal hygiene baik (66,7%) dan terdapat 9 responden yang memiliki Personal Hygiene buruk (33,3%), terdapat 17 responden yang berstatus PHBS kurang sehat dan 17 responden berstatus personal hygiene baik (100%) dan tidak ada responden yang berstatus Personal hygiene buruk (0%) responden. Analisis bivariat didapatkan p-value = 0,008, sehingga ada hubungan status perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) keluarga dengan status personal hygiene. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara Status PHBS (Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat) di keluarga dengan Status Pribadi Higienis di Tatura Utara RW 01 - Palu Selatan. Kepala keluarga dan anggota keluarga diharapkan memahami dan  melaksanakan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat serta melakukan higiene perorangan sesuai dengan persyaratan berdasarkan indikator PHBS
Efektifitas Vein Viewer dalam Menunjang Asuhan Keperawatan: Literature Review
Authors: Sari Bunga Putri Permata , Kurniawan Udy , Kurniawan Moh Heri
Published: January 2024

Pemasangan akses perifer intravena merupakan salah satu tindakan invasif yang paling sering dilakukan oleh perawat. Tingkat keberhasilan jauh dari ideal, dimana hanya             48% pasien yang berhasil mendapatkan akses intravena pada upaya pertama insersi. Vein Viewer adalah sebuah teknologi yang dirancang untuk memfasilitasi akses vaskular dengan menggunakan cahaya inframerah (NIR) yang dapat memudahkan pemasangan akses intravena.  Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui seberapa efektif vein viewer dalam menunjang asuhan keperawatan. Metode pencarian sistematis dilakukan di beberapa database yaitu PubMed melalui google scholar dengan kata kunci yang digunakan adalah pemindaian vena, vein viewer, intravenous  access, dan vein visualization technology. Dalam menulis literature review ini penulis menentukan beberapa kriteria inklusi, yaitu publikasi dalam 10 tahun terakhir dari 2011 sampai 2021, full text, semua metode penelitian baik kualitatif, kuantitatif, metode campuran, kohort maupun survey dimasukkan dan menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Hasil : Diperoleh delapan artikel penelitian sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Terdapat tujuh artikel yang menunjukkan angka keberhasilan upaya insersi pertama yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa pemindai vena. Satu artikel yang menunjukkan tidak meningkatkan keberhasilan kanulasi  IV. Simpulan : Vein Viewer meningkatkan angka keberhasilan upaya insersi pertama yang lebih tinggi dalam pemasangan akses perifer intravena dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan alat tersebut.
Relationship between Knowledge and Attitude of Mothers About Nutrition with Stunting Prevention at Disaster Survivors' shelters in the Palu and Sigi District
Authors: Supirno Supirno
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Central of Sulawesi is one of the provinces that is prone to disasters, the disaster problems in 2018 have not been completely resolved, while the stunting problem also still needs prevention efforts, both in Palu City and Sigi Regency. The purpose of the study: to analyze the relationship between mother's knowledge and attitudes with efforts to prevent stunting in Palu and Sigi shelters post disasters. The research method uses a cross sectional design, the population is mothers who have toddlers in permanent housing after the disaster, the sample is taken by cluster sampling as many as 100 people. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed univariately and bivariately with the help of a computer program. The results of the study were mostly knowledge about nutrition in the poor category, the attitude of the mother was mostly negative and from the results of bivariate analysis with the chi square test there was a relationship between maternal knowledge about nutrition and stunting prevention efforts (p = 0.026). There is a statistically significant relationship between the mother's attitude (p.0.000). Conclusion: knowledge about malnutrition and attitudes are mostly negative. There is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers with stunting prevention efforts in permanent housing after disaster at  Tondo Palu  city and Pombwewe, Sigi Regency.    

Keywords : Knowledge, attitude, stunting prevention
Relationship of History of Exclusive Breastfeeding with Stunting Incidence in Toddlers 24 – 59 Months in the Marawola Health Center Work Area
Authors: Ra'bung Alfrida Semuel , Kriswanto  , Metungku Fany , Nurarifah Nurarifah , Dg. Mangemba  , Aminuddin
Published: January 2024

Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang mengancam anak Indonesia bahkan dunia adalah stunting. Prevalensi kejadian stunting di Sulawesi tengah sebesar 21,4% dimana Kabupaten Sigi berada diurutan tertinggi ke tiga dengan prevalensi stunting 24,6%, setelah Kabupaten Donggala 34,9% dan Kabupaten Tojo Una-una 26,6%. Sebanyak 63 balita dari 463 balita usia 24-59 bulan mengalami stunting diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Marawola Kecamatan Sigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Marawola Kabupaten Sigi. Jenis penelitian analitik dengan rancangan penelitian case control. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah balita stunting dan tidak stunting usia 24-59 bulan Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode proporsional random sampling. Sampel sebanyak 39 balita stunting dan 39 balita tidak stunting jadi total sampel sebanyak 78 balita berusia 24-59 bulan. Analisa data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Ada hubungan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan di wilayah kerja puskesmas marawola kabupaten sigi dengan nilai P=0,023 (P<0,05)  nilai OR=2,875. Riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif  berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Marawola Kecamatan Sigi. Perlu dilakukan pemberian edukasi tentang pentingnya pemberian ASI ekslusif untuk pecegahan stunting.
Pengaruh Terapi Mindfullness terhadap Psikoneuroimunologi
Authors: Nurarifah Nurarifah , Dg. Mangemba  , Ra’bung Alfrida Semuel
Published: January 2024

Psikoneuroimunologi (PNI) merupakan keterkaitan antara faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi sistem imunitas tubuh melalui jalur sistem neurologis dan endokrinologis. Mindfulness sebagai latihan fokus untuk menyadari kondisi yang dialami oleh tubuh, pikiran, perasaan dan situasi saat ini serta latihan fokus dalam berpikir sehingga dapat membuat perasaan atau situasi yang tenang. Tujuan: untuk menemukan pengaruh terapi mindfulness terhadap psikoneuroimunologi dengan menggunakan systematic review berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA. Metode:  Scopus, ScienceDirect, Proquest, Pubmed, CINHL dan Springerlink yang telah di publikasi dengan batasan tahun Januari 2013- November 2018. Artikel diidentifikasi menggunakan kata kunci “Mindfulness” AND “Psychoneuroimmunology” OR “Psycho” OR “Neuro” OR “Immunology”. Artikel yang digunakan merupakan penelitian intervensi. Hasil: 24 dari 307 artikel  yang ditemukan digunakan dalam systematic review ini. Artikel yang ditinjau menyebutkan bahwa terapi mindfulness memiliki manfaat positif terhadap psikoneuroimunologi. Kesimpulan: Terapi mindfulness dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi non famakologis untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan psikoneuroimunologi.
Pengaruh Pemberian Edukasi Terhadap Perubahan Tekanan Darah Pada Lansia Dengan Hipertensi
Authors: Damayanti Risna , Sabar Syamsyuryana , Lestari Ayu , Nurarifah Nurarifah , Sukmawati Sukmawati
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi hipertensi di dunia menurut WHO sebesar 22% penduduk mengalami hipertensi pada tahun 2014 dan diperkirakan jumlahnya akan terus meningkat menjadi 29,2% pada tahun 2025. Hipertensi merupakan masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh lansia dengan prevalensi mencapai 60-80%. Seiring dengan bertambah usia maka dapat meningkatkan resiko terjadinya peningkatan tekanan darah. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah hipertensi adalah pemberian Pendidikan kesehatan atau edukasi tentang hipertensi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian edukasi terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi. Metode: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 4 minggu dengan menggunakan desain pre experimental pendekatan one group pretest-posttest design dengan 21 lansia yang didiagnosis hipertensi dan dipilih secara purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi hasil pengukuran tekanan darah yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian edukasi hipertensi. Hasil: Hasil Paired T Test menunjukkan terjadi penurunan tekanan darah sistolik dengan nilai P=0,005 (p<0,05), tekanan darah diastolik dengan nilai P=0,023 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Perubahan tekanan darah dapat dipengaruhi dengan pemberian edukasi terhadap lansia
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kemandirian Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Samata Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Mangemba Dg , Aminuddin Aminuddin , Pangaribuan Helena
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK

Terdapat banyak perubahan yang terjadi pada lanjut usia mencakup perubahan-perubahan fisik, mental, psikososial, dan perkembangan spiritual yang juga berdampak pada tingkat kemandirian lansia. Berdasarkan hasil Sensus tahun 2014, jumlah Lansia di Indonesia mencapai 20,24 juta orang atau sekitar 8,03% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia. Data tersebut menunjukkan peningkatan jika dibandingkan dengan hasil Sensus Penduduk tahun 2010 yaitu 18,1 juta orang atau 7,6% dari total jumlah penduduk Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi kemandirian lansia di wilayah kerja puskesmas samata Kabupaten Gowa. Desain penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian berjumlah 61 responden dan sampel berjumlah 37 responden dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi- square test dengan derajat kemaknan α= 0,05. Hasil penelitian menujukan terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari usia (p value=0,000), kondisi kesehatan (p value=0,012), kondisi sosial (p value=0,000) dan kondisi ekonomi (p value=0,001) terhadap kemandirian lansia (p<0,05;α=0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat pengaruh usia, kondisi kesehatan, kondisi sosial, dan kondisi ekonomi terhadap kemandirian lansia di wilayah kerja puskesmas samata kabupaten gowa. Saran dari hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan ataupun pedoman bagi kepala puskemas dan perawat di wilayah kerja puskesmas samata kabupaten gowa dalam meningkatkan kerja sama dalam mengembangkan pelayanan keperawatan yang menyeluruh khususnya kepada lansia.
Hubungan Pola Asuh Orang Tua dan Lingkungan Terhadap Perilaku Sosial Remaja
Authors: Nur Akbar , Swarjana I Kadek Dwi , Muti Rimahyanti , Patandean Dewarawati , Nurul Abd Rahman
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Peran orang tua melalui pola asuh didalam membantu perilaku sosial yang baik secara psikologis merupakan implementasi pola asuh dimana anak yang memiliki kecerdasan kognitif tinggi tidak menjamin kemampuannya dalam beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dan lingkungan sosial terhadap perilaku sosial remaja. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional, Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode accidental sampling sebanyak 70 orang. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dengan uji fisher exact Test. Hasil: penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola asuh demokratis memiliki pola asuh yang baik 50 orang (71.4%), dan pola asuh yang cukup 20 orang (28.6%). Lingkungan sosial yang baik 33 orang (47.1%), dan lingkungan sosial yang cukup 37 orang (52.9%). Perilaku sosial kategori baik sebanyak 34 orang  (48.6%) dan cukup sebanyak 36 (51,4%).  Hasil uji chi-square terdapat hubungan pola asuh orang tua dan lingkungan sosial terhadap perilaku sosial remaja. Kesimpulan: Pola asuh orang tua dapat berdampak terhadap perilaku sosial remaja. Untuk itu orang tua perlu memberikan perhatian yang lebih pada anaknya melalui pola asuh yang diterapkan oleh orang tua sehingga perilaku sosial remaja dapat terbentuk dengan baik.
Aktivitas Fisik pada Masyarakat yang Terpapar dan Tidak Terpapar Covid-19
Authors: Restu Pertiwi Melinda , Solehatun Fitriani , Hardiyanti Diana , Wardhani Annalia
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang: Covid-19 menjadi masalah global dengan angka kematian 5.020.204 jiwa di seluruh dunia (226 negara), hal ini juga menurunkan aktivitas fisik pada masyarakat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat aktivitas fisik pada masyarakat yang terpapar dan tidak terpapar covid-19 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Martapura 1 Tahun 2022. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan menggunakan desain case control, Populasi penelitian sejumlah 246 orang. Sampel terdiri  dari 90 responden yang terpapar Covid-19 dan 90 responden yang tidak terpapar Covid-19. Variabel independent yaitu aktivitas fisik variabel dependen terpapar atau tidak terpapar Covid-19. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner elektronik melalui Google form, kemudian diuji Chi-square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai statistik p-value <α 0,05 atau 0,004 < 0,05 sehingga ada perbedaan tingkat aktivitas fisik pada masyarakat yang terpapar dan tidak terpapar Covid-19 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Martapura 1. Kesimpulan: Aktivitas fisik pada kelompok tidak terpapar Covid-19 sebagian besar adalah aktivitas sedang yaitu sebanyak 55 responden (61,1%), sedangkan pada responden terpapar hanya 33 responden (36,7%) atau hampir setengah pada tingkat sedang. Artinya pada masyarakat yang sedang aktivitasnya (pola yang baik) menunjukkan risiko paparan Covid juga kurang dibanding kelompok yang lainnya.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Stikes Andini Persada Mamuju tentang Covid 19
Authors: Tikirik Wita Oileri , Nurindahsari  , Sahrianti Nini , Patandean Dewarawati
Published: January 2024

Covid-19 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh tipe baru coronavirus dengan gejala umum demam, lemah, batuk, kejang. Penyebaran Covid-19  berlangsung sangat cepat sehingga hampir tak ada negara di dunia yang dapat memastikan diri terhindar dari virus corona. Latar Belakang: Upaya pemutusan mata rantai penyebaran Covid-19 memerlukan pemahaman dan pengetahuan yang baik,  karena mahasiswa merupakan salah satu komponen masyarakat yang memiliki pengetahuan tinggi yang diharapkan dapat memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang Covid-19 sehingga dapat berkontribusi dalam pencegahan Covid-19.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa STIkes Andini Persada. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling. Penelitian ini di laksanakan di kampus STIKes Andini Persada Mamuju pada bulan Oktober- November 2021. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 152 responden dari jumlah populasi mahasiswa angkatan 2018-2020. Hasil: tingkat pengetahuan menunjukkan bahwa responden berpengetahuan baik dengan persentase 74%,  24%  responden yang berpengetahuan cukup dan 1% yang berpengetahuan kurang. Kesimpulan: dapat di simpulkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan Mahasiswa STIKes Andini Persada Mamuju dapat dikategorikan baik atau banyak tahu tentang Covid-19
Maternal contact and positive human interactions during lactation impacts piglet performance and behaviour during lactation
Authors: Tomas Katelyn , Savaglia Jemma , Plush Kate J. , D’Souza Darryl N. , Butler Kym L. , Hemsworth Paul H. , Tilbrook Alan J.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Early life interactions with the sow or humans can have lifelong consequences on welfare and performance in pigs. It was hypothesised that piglets that received increased maternal contact and positive human contact would display improved responses to stressful events and improved performance.

Methods

Ninety-eight litters were allocated to a 2 x 2 factorial design for maternal contact (MC+)/restricted maternal contact (MC-); and positive human contact (HC+)/no additional human contact (HC-). Modified farrowing crates were used to restrict maternal contact (MC-) and litters in the HC+ treatment received five minutes of daily positive human interaction (stroking). Behavioural and physiological responses were assessed during processing at three days of age and during a behaviour test in which piglets were introduced to an empty arena, novel object, human hand and human standing in the arena at 18 days of age. Observations of behaviour in the home pen and growth and survival of piglets to weaning were also assessed.

Results

At processing, MC- piglets had more squeals (P = 0.015), tended to have more grunts (P = 0.063) and struggle attempts (P = 0.079), and had increased plasma cortisol concentrations (P = 0.009) after processing than MC+ piglets. During the behaviour test, HC+ piglets were more active (P = 0.014) and had more vocalisations (P < 0.05) in the empty arena than HC piglets. Furthermore, HC+ piglets were more likely to approach a human standing in the arena (P = 0.006) than HC- piglets. MC- piglets were less active (P = 0.008) and were less likely to approach the novel object (P = 0.049) than MC+ piglets. MC+ piglets tended to have higher weaning weights (P = 0.055) and more MC+ piglets were successfully weaned (P = 0.022) than MC- piglets. There was no significant effect of HC on piglet performance.

Discussion

While positive handling did not affect behavioural and physiological stress response to processing, HC+ reduced fear of novelty and humans. These findings highlight the importance of early life experiences has on stress resilience early in life.
Microbial composition play the leading role in volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of different scale of corn stover with rumen fluid
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Wanqin , Wang Shunli , Zhu Zhiping , Dong Hongmin
Published: January 2024

Rumen fluid is a natural and green biocatalyst that can efficiently degrade biomass into volatile fatty acid (VFA) used to produce value-added materials. But the essence of high degradation efficiency in the rumen has not been fully analyzed. This study investigated the contribution of substrate structure and microbial composition to volatile fatty acid production in the fermentation of corn stover. The ball milled corn stover were innovatively applied to ferment with the rumen fluid collected at different digestion times. Exogeneous cellulase was also added to the ruminal fermentation to further reveal the inner mechanism. With prolonged digestion time, the microbial community relative abundance levels of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes increased from 29.98% to 72.74% and decreased from 51.76% to 22.11%, respectively. The highest VFA production of the corn stover was achieved via treatment with the rumen fluid collected at 24 h which was up to 9508 mg/L. The ball milled corn stover achieved high VFA production because of the more accessible substrate structure. The application of exogenous cellulase has no significant influence to the ruminal fermentation. The microbial community abundance contributed more to the VFA production compared with the substrate structures.
Multimodal fusion and human-robot interaction control of an intelligent robot
Authors: Gong Tao , Chen Dan , Wang Guangping , Zhang Weicai , Zhang Junqi , Ouyang Zhongchuan , Zhang Fan , Sun Ruifeng , Ji Jiancheng Charles , Chen Wei
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Small-scaled robotic walkers play an increasingly important role in Activity of Daily Living (ADL) assistance in the face of ever-increasing rehab requirements and existing equipment drawbacks. This paper proposes a Rehabilitation Robotic Walker (RRW) for walking assistance and body weight support (BWS) during gait rehabilitation.

Methods: The walker provides the patients with weight offloading and guiding force to mimic a series of the physiotherapist’s (PT’s) movements, and creates a natural, comfortable, and safe environment. This system consists of an omnidirectional mobile platform, a BWS mechanism, and a pelvic brace to smooth the motions of the pelvis. To recognize the human intentions, four force sensors, two joysticks, and one depth-sensing camera were used to monitor the human-machine information, and a multimodal fusion algorithm for intention recognition was proposed to improve the accuracy. Then the system obtained the heading angle E, the pelvic pose F, and the motion vector H via the camera, the force sensors, and the joysticks respectively, classified the intentions with feature extraction and information fusion, and finally outputted the motor speed control through the robot’s kinematics.

Results: To validate the validity of the algorithm above, a preliminary test with three volunteers was conducted to study the motion control. The results showed that the average error of the integral square error (ISE) was 2.90 and the minimum error was 1.96.

Discussion: The results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method, and that the system is capable of providing walking assistance.
Lachnospiraceae are emerging industrial biocatalysts and biotherapeutics
Authors: Zaplana Tom , Miele Solange , Tolonen Andrew C.
Published: January 2024

The Lachnospiraceae is a family of anaerobic bacteria in the class Clostridia with potential to advance the bio-economy and intestinal therapeutics. Some species of Lachnospiraceae metabolize abundant, low-cost feedstocks such as lignocellulose and carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals. Others are among the dominant species of the human colon and animal rumen, where they ferment dietary fiber to promote healthy gut and immune function. Here, we summarize recent studies of the physiology, cultivation, and genetics of Lachnospiraceae, highlighting their wide substrate utilization and metabolic products with industrial applications. We examine studies of these bacteria as Live Biotherapeutic Products (LBPs), focusing on in vivo disease models and clinical studies using them to treat infection, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. We discuss key research areas including elucidation of intra-specific diversity and genetic modification of candidate strains that will facilitate the exploitation of Lachnospiraceae in industry and medicine.
Chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and chitosan-based nanocomposites: eco-friendly materials for advanced applications (a review)
Authors: El-Araby Abir , Janati Walid , Ullah Riaz , Ercisli Sezai , Errachidi Faouzi
Published: January 2024

For many years, chitosan has been widely regarded as a promising eco-friendly polymer thanks to its renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and ease of modification, giving it enormous potential for future development. As a cationic polysaccharide, chitosan exhibits specific physicochemical, biological, and mechanical properties that depend on factors such as its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. Recently, there has been renewed interest surrounding chitosan derivatives and chitosan-based nanocomposites. This heightened attention is driven by the pursuit of enhancing efficiency and expanding the spectrum of chitosan applications. Chitosan’s adaptability and unique properties make it a game-changer, promising significant contributions to industries ranging from healthcare to environmental remediation. This review presents an up-to-date overview of chitosan production sources and extraction methods, focusing on chitosan’s physicochemical properties, including molecular weight, degree of deacetylation and solubility, as well as its antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. In addition, we highlight the advantages of chitosan derivatives and biopolymer modification methods, with recent advances in the preparation of chitosan-based nanocomposites. Finally, the versatile applications of chitosan, whether in its native state, derived or incorporated into nanocomposites in various fields, such as the food industry, agriculture, the cosmetics industry, the pharmaceutical industry, medicine, and wastewater treatment, were discussed.
Decoding the multifaceted interventions between human sirtuin 2 and dynamic hepatitis B viral proteins to confirm their roles in HBV replication
Authors: Piracha Zahra Zahid , Saeed Umar , Piracha Irfan Ellahi , Noor Seneen , Noor Elyeen
Published: January 2024

The human sirtuin 2 gene (SIRT2) encodes a full-length Sirt2 protein (i.e., the Sirt2 isoform 1), which primarily functions as a cytoplasmic α-tubulin deacetylase, and which promotes the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication itself, or HBV X (HBx) protein-mediated transcriptional transactivation, enhances Sirt2.1 expression; therefore, Sirt2.1 itself is capable of positively increasing HBV transcription and replication. Sirt2.1 is linked to liver fibrosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and, consequently, augments the risk of HCC. The Sirt2.1 protein enhances the HBV replication cycle by activating the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β)/β-catenin pathway. It also activates the transcription of the viral enhancer I/HBx promoter (EnI/Xp) and enhancer II/HBc promoter (EnII/Cp) by targeting the transcription factor p53. The Sirt2 isoform 2 (Sirt2.2) is mainly localized in the cytoplasm, and the N-terminus is shorter by 37 amino acids than that of Sirt2.1. Despite the truncation of the N-terminal region, Sirt2.2 is still capable of enhancing HBV replication and activating the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. The Sirt2 isoform 5 (Sirt2.5) is primarily localized to the nucleus, it lacks a nuclear export signal (NES), and the catalytic domain (CD) is truncated. Upon HBV replication, expression of the Sirt2 isoforms is also enhanced, which further upregulates the HBV replication, and, therefore, supports the vicious cycle of viral replication and progression of the disease. Sirt2 diversely affects HBV replication such that its isoform 1 intensely augments HBV replication and isoform 2 (despite of the truncated N-terminal region) moderately enhances HBV replication. Isoform 5, on the other hand, tends to protect the cell (for smooth long-term continued viral replication) from HBV-induced extreme damage or death via a discrete set of regulatory mechanisms impeding viral mRNAs, the hepatitis B core/capsid protein (HBc), core particles, replicative intermediate (RI) DNAs, and covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) levels, and, consequently, limiting HBV replication. In contrast to Sirt2.1 and Sirt 2.2, the Sirt2.5-mediated HBV replication is independent of the AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling cascade. Sirt2.5 is recruited more at cccDNA than the recruitment of Sirt2.1 onto the cccDNA. This recruitment causes the deposition of more histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs), including SETDB1, SUV39H1, EZH2, and PR-Set7, along with the respective corresponding transcriptional repressive markers such as H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H4K20me1 onto the HBV cccDNA. In HBV-replicating cells, Sirt2.5 can also make complexes with PR-Set7 and SETDB1. In addition, Sirt2.5 has the ability to turn off transcription from cccDNA through epigenetic modification via either direct or indirect interaction with HKMTs.
A peroxidase-derived ligand that induces Fusarium graminearum Ste2 receptor-dependent chemotropism
Authors: Sridhar Pooja S. , Vasquez Vinicio , Monteil-Rivera Fanny , Allingham John S. , Loewen Michele C.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The fungal G protein-coupled receptors Ste2 and Ste3 are vital in mediating directional hyphal growth of the agricultural pathogen Fusarium graminearum towards wheat plants. This chemotropism is induced by a catalytic product of peroxidases secreted by the wheat. Currently, the identity of this product, and the substrate it is generated from, are not known.

Methods and results

We provide evidence that a peroxidase substrate is derived from F. graminearum conidia and report a simple method to extract and purify the FgSte2-activating ligand for analyses by mass spectrometry. The mass spectra arising from t he ligand extract are characteristic of a 400 Da carbohydrate moiety. Consistent with this type of molecule, glycosidase treatment of F. graminearum conidia prior to peroxidase treatment significantly reduced the amount of ligand extracted. Interestingly, availability of the peroxidase substrate appears to depend on the presence of both FgSte2 and FgSte3, as knockout of one or the other reduces the chemotropism-inducing effect of the extracts.

Conclusions

While further characterization is necessary, identification of the F. graminearum-derived peroxidase substrate and the FgSte2-activating ligand will unearth deeper insights into the intricate mechanisms that underlie fungal pathogenesis in cereal crops, unveiling novel avenues for inhibitory interventions.
Exploring the intestinal ecosystem: from gut microbiota to associations with subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Li Fan , Yu Chanjiao , Zhao Qi , Wang Zhaodi , Wang Zhi , Chang Yu , Xu Zifeng , Han Xiaoping , Li Hongyan , Liu Yue , Hu Sileng , Chang Shiyu , Tang Tongyu , Li Yuqin
Published: January 2024

Objective

Significant differences have been discovered between subtypes of Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The role of gut microbiota in promoting the onset of UC and CD is established, but conclusions regarding subtype-specific analyses remain limited.

Methods

This study aims to explore the influence of gut microbiota on subtypes of UC and CD, offering novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of UC and CD.Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was employed to examine the causal relationship between subtypes of UC and CD and gut microbiota composition. Gut microbiota data were sourced from the International Consortium MiBioGen, while UC and CD data were obtained from FINNGEN. Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables. Multiple analytical approaches such as inverse variance-weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-RAPS were utilized. Sensitivity analyses including MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran’s Q test, and leave-one-out analysis were conducted for quality control. Subsequently, we employed multivariable IVW, MR-Egger, weighted median, and LASSO regression methods to identify independently significant genera or families and conducted sensitivity analyses.

Results

We have determined that Hungatella, Acidaminococcaceae, and 15 other microbial taxa act as protective factors for various CD and UC subtypes, while Terrisporobacter, Anaerostipes, and 23 other microbial taxa are associated with increased risk for different CD and UC subtypes. Furthermore, through multivariable MR analysis, we have identified significant genera or families with independent effects.

Conclusion

Our study confirms a causal relationship between dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the occurrence of CD and UC subtypes. Furthermore, it validates etiological distinctions among different subtypes of CD and UC. A novel approach to adjunctive therapy involving distinct UC or CD subtypes may involve the use of probiotics and represents a potential avenue for future treatments.
Revisiting nitrates use in pre-shock state of contemporary cardiogenic shock classification
Authors: Kaddoura Rasha , Patel Ashfaq , Arabi Abdul Rahman
Published: January 2024

Patients at each shock stage may behave and present differently with a spectrum of shock severity and adverse outcomes. Shock severity, shock aetiology, and several factors should be integrated in management decision-making. Although the contemporary shock stages classification provided a standardized shock severity assessment, individual agents or management strategy has not yet been studied in the context of each shock stage. The pre-shock state may comprise a wide range of presentations. Nitrate therapy has potential benefit in myocardial infarction and acute heart failure. Herein, this review aims to discuss the potential use of nitrate therapy in the context of the pre-shock state or stage B of the contemporary shock classification given its various presentations.
Mesoscale structures in the Orinoco basin during an extreme precipitation event in the tropical Andes
Authors: Martinez J. Alejandro , Arias Paola A. , Dominguez Francina , Prein Andreas
Published: January 2024

During the night of March 31st, 2017, a severe precipitation event affected the city of Mocoa, in the tropical Andes. Total 24-h accumulated precipitation during that day was the fourth largest on record. Satellite data shows that the event was associated with a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) that formed over the Amazon and moved westward, reaching the tropical Andes. Reanalysis data suggests that a rapid intensification of the Orinoco Low-Level Jet (OLLJ) traveling southwestward parallel to the Andes was a precursor that favored the zones of convergence for MCS formation. Upstream intensification of the OLLJ was evident 8 h prior to the Mocoa precipitation event. Given the lack of a dense network of observations in this understudied region, we use the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) to explore the plausible mesoscale structures in the OLLJ region associated with the initiation and development of the MCS. We study an ensemble of simulations with different grid spacings (12, 4 and 1.3 km) and Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) schemes (YSU, MYNN and QNSE). The more realistic MCSs were obtained with the QNSE and YSU schemes, given that the corresponding simulations included a density current in the lowest levels moving parallel to the Andes, with a sharp line of convergence and large vertical velocities over the leading edge of the mesoscale disturbance. In contrast, the MYNN scheme produced a weaker OLLJ and no density current. It is suggested that the stronger vertical mixing in the MYNN scheme was associated with the vertical dilution of the OLLJ, and with a much weaker low-level traveling perturbation via the upward radiation of energy by gravity waves. Our results help to better understand flood-producing extreme events over the poorly studied Andes-Amazon region and provide the groundwork for improved predictability of such storms.
Administrators’ perspectives on teachers breaking contract at international schools
Authors: Merchant Stefan , Ingersoll Marcea
Published: January 2024

This study on breaking contract at international schools provides insights from interviews with 13 international school administrators. Through an examination of the reasons for, and impacts of, breaking contract, five types of international school contract non-completion are identified. In addition to a typology for future studies of this phenomenon, the study outlines five impacts of contract non-completion and four key domains for school leaders to consider in relation to contract non-completion at international schools.
Behavior and physiology in female Cricetulus barabensis are associated with the expression of circadian genes
Authors: Zhu Hanyi , Wu Ming , Mou Junjie , Yang Xueqi , Xu Qian , Zhang Yongjian , Zhang Hao , Wang Xinran , Xue Huiliang , Xu Jinhui , Chen Lei , Xu Laixiang
Published: January 2024

The circadian clock regulates the behavior, physiology, and metabolism of mammals, and these characteristics, such as sleep-wake cycles, exercise capacity, and hormone levels, exhibit circadian rhythms. Light signaling is the main stimulator of the mammalian circadian system. The photoperiod regulates the reproductive cycle of seasonal breeding animals, and the circadian clock plays a pivotal role in this process. However, the role of the clock in coordinating animal behavior and physiology in response to photoperiodic changes needs further investigation. The present study investigated the changes and correlation of behavioral activities, physiological indicators, and gene expression in female striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) within 24 h under a 12L:12D photoperiod. We found that the daily rhythms of sleep-wake and open field were significant in hamsters. The expression of clock genes, melatonin receptor genes, and genes involved in general metabolism oscillated significantly in central and peripheral tissues (brain, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, and thymus) and was significantly associated with behavior and physiology. Our results revealed that the neuroendocrine system regulated the rhythmicity of behavior and physiology, and central and peripheral clock genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2), melatonin receptor genes (MT1, MT2, and GPR50), and metabolizing genes (SIRT1, FGF21, and PPARα) played important roles. Our results suggest that central and peripheral circadian clocks, melatonin receptors, and genes involved in general metabolism may play key roles in maintaining circadian behavior and metabolic homeostasis in striped hamsters. Our results may have important implication for rodent pest control.
Iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation: implication of ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Meng Fanguang , Wang Hankang , Sun Liwei , Chang Shulin , Li Guijie , Chen Feng
Published: January 2024

Ferroptosis is a type of controlled cell death caused by lipid peroxidation, which results in the rupture of the cell membrane. ferroptosis has been repeatedly demonstrated over the past ten years to be a significant factor in a number of diseases. The liver is a significant iron storage organ, thus ferroptosis will have great potential in the treatment of liver diseases. Ferroptosis is particularly prevalent in HCC. In the opening section of this article, we give a general summary of the pertinent molecular mechanisms, signaling pathways, and associated characteristics of ferroptosis. The primary regulating mechanisms during ferroptosis are then briefly discussed, and we conclude by summarizing the development of a number of novel therapeutic strategies used to treat HCC in recent years. Ferroptosis is a crucial strategy for the treatment of HCC and offers new perspectives on the treatment of liver cancer.
Horizontal well placement optimization based on matrix directional continuous element summation algorithm
Authors: Huang Ruijie , Wang Kun , Li Li , Xie Mingying , Dai Jianwen , Feng Shasha , Liu Siyu
Published: January 2024

During the course of actual oilfield development, judicious selection and design of well placement are paramount due to cost constraints and operating conditions. This paper introduces the Matrix Directional Continuous Elements Summation Algorithm (MDCESA), which is utilized to identify that segment with the largest summation for a given length in a 2D or a 3D matrix. An additional function that accounts for the distance between segments was added when searching for multiple segments to avoid intersections or overlaps between segments. The well placement optimization was transformed into a segment summation on a 3D matrix. Our findings reveal significant advancements in well placement optimization. Employing the MDCESA method, six producers were identified and their production performance was compared against two previously selected producers using a reservoir numerical simulator. The results demonstrated that the wells selected through MDCESA exhibited a substantial improvement in production efficiency. Specifically, there was an 11.6% increase in average cumulative oil production over a 15-year period compared to the wells selected by traditional methods. This research not only presents a significant leap in well placement optimization but also sets a foundation for further innovations in reservoir management and development strategies in offshore oilfields.
Can citizen science inform science? Evaluating the results of the Bellingen Riverwatch citizen science program and a complimentary government monitoring program
Authors: Dickson Adrian , Belmer Nakia , Denshire Amy , Garland Ingrid , Lennox Sue , Ruming Shane , Lawler Dominic , Wethered Adam
Published: January 2024

In 2015, the sudden decline in the only known population of Myuchelys georgesi (the Bellinger River snapping turtle) triggered a strong community response, and a link between turtle mortality and poor water quality in the Bellinger River was suggested. A multi-agency investigation later attributed the mortalities of M. georgesi to a novel virus (the Bellinger River virus) and not a direct effect of poor water quality. However, a lack of consistent water quality or river health data in the catchment limited the research of factors that may have heightened susceptibility to the virus or exacerbated its symptoms. Community consultation identified strong connections with the riverine environment and highlighted the cultural, social, economic, and environmental values of the Bellinger River catchment. In 2017 OzGREEN, a not-for-profit environmental education charity based in Bellingen, built upon their existing citizen science water quality monitoring program in collaboration with the Saving our Species (SoS) team in the New South Wales (NSW) Department of Planning and Environment (DPE), who provided funding and equipment and solicited the involvement of NSW Waterwatch, Western Sydney University and Taronga Zoo. Now known as Bellingen Riverwatch (Riverwatch), the program has become a long-term citizen science program that aims to assist the recovery of M. georgesi, now a critically endangered species, through the delivery of monthly water quality data covering the Bellinger River and its tributaries. SoS also engaged the DPE Estuaries and Catchments Team to commence the Bellinger River Health Program (BRHP), focusing on water quality and aquatic macroinvertebrates to assess river health, with the aim of providing scientifically rigorous data to support the management and recovery of M. georgesi. This case study compares and evaluates the Riverwatch citizen science and the BRHP professional science, examining methods and results to compare the accuracy of the citizen science data and assess its reliability for informing ongoing river management. The results demonstrate that Bellingen Riverwatch is a well-managed citizen science program and generally provides valid, accurate, and representative results that can be confidently used to enhance the spatial and temporal coverage of the professional science monitoring program.
Dynamic variation and driving mechanisms of land use change from 1980 to 2020 in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Shang Shouwei , Cui Tingting , Wang Yintang , Gao Qitao , Liu Yong
Published: January 2024

To systematically explore land use/cover change (LUCC) trends and driving mechanisms at the large watershed scale under the background of climate change and rapid urbanization. Taking the lower reaches of the Yangtze River (LRYR) as the research object, based on the land use remote sensing monitoring data from 1980 to 2020, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of LUCC in LRYR were analyzed by adopting the methods of land use dynamics degree (LUDD) and hotspot analysis and used geospatial detectors to quantitatively assess the intensity of the role of the land use change drivers in the LRYR. The results show that: 1) The land-use types in LRYR were dominated by arable land and woodland, accounting for more than 70% of the total area. During the study period, the construction land area increased by 11,835 km2, and became the third largest land-use type in LRYR after 2010 and formed a typical urban contiguous zone along the route from Nanjing to Shanghai. 2) The land use degree comprehensive index (LUDCI) in LRYR at each stage is 270.91, 270.88, 272.22, 272.72, 274.00, 275.57, 276.93 and 280.37, respectively. LUCC in LRYR has become more dramatic, and there is significant spatial heterogeneity. Shanghai has always been a hot area of LUCC and Huangshan and Chizhou are cold spots of LUCC. 3) The driving mechanism of LUCC in LRYR can be divided into three stages. In these three stages, secondary industry output value, precipitation, and elevation are always important factors affecting LUCC. The interaction between driving factors is significant. The strongest interaction is the output value of the secondary industry ∩ precipitation, the interaction reaches above 0.6. The research results are of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of land use in this region.
Comparative analysis of habitat suitability for a crop and its primary insect herbivore: providing insights for crop planting and pest management strategies
Authors: Li Jinyu , Zhang Bang , Mao Yi , Jiang Jia , Li Kai , You Shijun
Published: January 2024

Habitat suitability analysis using species distribution models (SDMs) presents a valuable approach for determining appropriate land utilization strategies and crop planting decisions, which are vital to achieve optimal agricultural productivity and ensure environmental sustainability in the context of rapid global change. Aside abiotic conditions, pests emerge as the most important biological factor affecting crop growth. It can be an effective avenue to comprehensively assess land use suitability by building and integrating SDMs for both crops and their pests. Using the MaxEnt model and a bivariate map, we predicted and integrated the habitat suitability of tea (Camellia sinensis) and its primary insect herbivore (Empoasca onukii) in China. Our study explicitly revealed spatial heterogeneity in suitability between the two species, despite finding that they shared common environmental predictors (i.e., temperature, elevation, and soil pH). Results support South China and Southwest China as the most favorable areas for tea cultivation, while highlighting the adverse climatic challenges on tea growth in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in the northern regions of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, analyses emphasize the necessity of sustainable leafhopper management strategies in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in regions along the southeast coast. These findings demonstrate the significance of comparative analysis on the habitat suitability of both crops and insect herbivores, providing valuable insights for agricultural production planning and sustainable pest management. Furthermore, the methods employed in this study hold potential for the application in diverse context, ranging from the control of invasive species to the conservation of endangered biodiversity.