bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaction kinetics of polyureas with acetylated diamine chain extenders
Authors: Song Wei , Liu Jianming
Published: July 2011

Diacetyl hexamethylene‐diamine (MHAD) and diacetyl m‐phenylenediamine (Mm‐PDA) were synthesized by acetylating hexamethyene‐diamin (HAD) and m‐phenylenediamine (m‐PDA) with glacial acetic acid in presence of phosphoric acid, in order to retard the high reactivity of polyurea. Chemical structures of modified diamine chain extenders were confirmed through FTIR, the determination of the nitrogen content, High resolution ESI‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI‐FTICR) mass spectrometry and 1H‐NMR analysis. Polyureas were synthesized via two‐step solution process by reaction of 4,4′‐diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), amine terminated polyether (Jeffamine D‐2000) with different chain extenders. The influence of modified diamine chain extenders on gel time of polyurea was investigated. The gel time was prolonged from 11s to 52s and 13s to 65s respectively. The reaction kinetics of synthesizing polyureas were studied by FTIR. The results showed that extending reaction with MHAD was second order kinetic mechanism, its apparent activation energy was 43.99 kJ·mol−1; extending reaction with Mm‐PDA reaction was first order, its activation energy was 58.95 kJ·mol−1. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Immobilization of imidazole in polymer electrolyte membranes for elevated temperature anhydrous applications
Authors: Li Qiong , Li Wei , Zhang Haining , Pan Mu
Published: July 2011

Polymer electrolyte composite membranes were cast from the mixture of Nafion® ionomer and 2‐substituted imidazole. The existing flexible hydrocarbon chain on 2‐position of imidazole facilitates proton transfer in the membrane at elevated temperature. The formed composite membrane showed an increased glass transition temperature and improved mechanical property compared with plain Nafion® membrane. At temperature above 100°C, the ionic conductivity of the composite membrane increases with the increase in temperature, reaching 5 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 160°C under anhydrous condition. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Chemical recycling of PET flakes into yarn
Authors: Upasani Prasad S. , Jain Ashwin K. , Save Ninad , Agarwal Uday S. , Kelkar Anil K.
Published: July 2011

Polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate are widely used in textile fibers, films, and packaging of food and beverages. Originally driven by environmental reasons, recycling of postconsumer polyester bottles into textile fibers is now becoming commercially attractive. We studied the chemical recycling wherein part of the virgin raw‐materials during preparation of polyester was replaced by washed post consumer polyester. During the process, the postconsumer polyester undergoes partial depolymerization before repolymerization. Role of reactor‐agitator configuration in achieving the solid‐slurry and solid‐melt mixing, and in depolymerization, was studied. Finally, suitability of the polymer for melt spinning and drawing of polymer into yarn was examined. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Mechanical properties, thermal, and crystallization behavior of polypropylene composites reinforced by starch and wasted cotton cloth
Authors: Zhang Xiuju , Yang Huajun , Yang Tingting , Lin Zhidan , Tan Shaozao
Published: July 2011

In this study, wasted cotton cloth was bonded with soluble starches as an adhesive, then dried, cut into fiber fragments and filled into polypropylene (PP) to achieve resource efficiency. The mechanical, thermal, and crystallization properties of the composites were characterized. The results indicated that with the addition of wasted cotton cloth treated without or with silane coupling agent (RC or TRC), PP composites' tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength have been improved. The heat distortion temperatures increased slowly, indicating that wasted cotton cloth filled into PP can be turned back into useful items without degradation of PP composites exhibited. Thus, it is a good avenue for the utilization of an otherwise wasted cotton cloth resource. The crystallization activation energy, nucleation constant, and folding surface free energy of PP were markedly reduced in PP/RC composites and its compatibilized composites. The value of F(T) gradually increased with the increasing relative degree of crystallinity. The addition of wasted cotton cloth could significantly reduce the spherulitic size of PP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Novel elastomer‐dumbbell functionalized POSS composites: Thermomechanical and Morphological Properties
Authors: Spoljaric Steven , Genovese Antonietta , Shanks Robert A.
Published: July 2011

Nanocomposites consisting of poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) (SBS) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) were prepared using a solvent dispersion method. Dumbbell‐shaped POSS fillers were prepared using diacyl chlorides to bridge the POSS molecules. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed functionalization. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an increase in filler aggregation with concentration, with preferential phase selectivity. Polydispersity increased with filler concentration while d spacing was influenced by phase selectivity and domain‐filler compatibility. Functionalized POSS improved thermal stability by imparting restrictions of SBS chain motions. Tensile stress–strain analysis revealed an increase in modulus, yield strength, and strain hardening with filler concentration, while creep deformation decreased and permanent strain increased with POSS content. Storage modulus, loss modulus, and glass transition temperature increased with filler content due to effective SBS–POSS interaction. Nanocomposite properties were influenced by filler concentration, the phase of the filler was dispersed throughout and the length of the alkyl “barbell” on the dumbbell‐shaped POSS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Retracted: Fast and efficient electrospinning of chitosan‐Poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers as potential wound dressing agents for tissue engineering
Authors: Sadri Minoo , Maleki Ali , Agend Farima , Hosseini Hassan
Published: July 2011

The following article from the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, “Fast and Efficient Electrospinning of Chitosan‐Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanofibers as Potential Wound Dressing Agents for Tissue Engineering” by Minoo Sadri, Ali Maleki, Farima Agend, and Hassan Hosseini, published online on 28 July 2011 in Wiley Online Library (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.34520/full), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor in Chief, Stefano Tonzani, and the publisher, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to significant overlap with respect to another article, “Electrospun Chitosan‐Based Nanofibers and Their Cellular Compatibility,” by Narayan Bhattarai, Dennis Edmondson, Omid Veiseh, Frederick A. Matsen, and Miqin Zhang, published online on 5 May 2005 in Biomaterials (2005, 26, 6176).
Synthesis of polyaniline nanofiber and copolymerization with acrylate through in situ emulsion polymerization
Authors: Ge Chengyue , Yang Xiaogang , Li Cheng , Hou Baorong
Published: July 2011

Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared, respectively, by direct mixed oxidation method in different acids. Scanning electron microscopy showed that high quality of PANI nanofibers can be obtained easily in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid, especially in the sulfuric acid; infrared and ultraviolet spectra characterization showed all products were the doped PANI. Then, using complex emulsifiers, PANI was dispersed in acrylate emulsion by supersonic dispersion assisted with mechanical stirred to obtain mixed pre‐emulsion, the result showed different PANI performed different dispersing stability in the pre‐emulsion. More importantly, PANI–polyacrylate copolymer was prepared through multi‐steps in situ emulsion polymerization using water‐soluble azo (VA‐044) as initiator. Experiment showed that good dispersing stability of PANI in the pre‐emulsion was premise to obtain the final stable copolymer emulsion. Further, the micro‐morphology and thermal property of the copolymer were studied by transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analyzer. The result proved that acrylate occurred in situ polymerization on surface of PANI nanofibers, the presence of PANI increased glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal decomposed temperature of the copolymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation of collagen‐immobilized poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) interpenetrating network hydrogels for potential application of artificial cornea
Authors: Park Sangphil , Nam Seung Hee , Koh Won‐Gun
Published: July 2011

To enhance the mechanical strength of poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) gels and to provide functional groups for surface modification, we prepared interpenetrating (IPN) hydrogels by incorporating poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)(PHEMA) inside PEG hydrogels. Formation of IPN hydrogels was confirmed by measuring the weight percent gain of the hydrogels after incorporation of PHEMA, as well as by ATR/FTIR analysis. Synthesis of IPN hydrogels with a high PHEMA content resulted in optically transparent and extensively crosslinked hydrogels with a lower water content and a 6 ∼ 8‐fold improvement in mechanical properties than PEG hydrogels. Incorporation of less than 90 wt % PHEMA resulted in opaque hydrogels due to phase separation between water and PHEMA. To overcome the poor cell adhesion properties of the IPN hydrogels, collagen was covalently grafted to the surface of IPN hydrogels via carbamate linkages to hydroxyl groups in PHEMA. Resultant IPN hydrogels were proven to be noncytotoxic and cell adhesion study revealed that collagen immobilization resulted in a significant improvement of cell adhesion and spreading on the IPN hydrogel surfaces. The resultant IPN hydrogels were noncytotoxic, and a cell adhesion study revealed that collagen immobilization improved cell adhesion and spreading on the IPN hydrogel surfaces significantly. These results indicate that PEG/PHEMA IPN hydrogels are highly promising biomaterials that can be used in artificial corneas and a variety of other load‐bearing tissue engineering applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Imidazole functionalized polyaniline: Synthesis, characterization, and Cu (II) coordination studies
Authors: Joseph Alex , Ramamurthy Praveen C. , Subramanian Sankaran
Published: July 2011

Polyaniline functionalized with imidazole as strategically designed receptor group in its backbone was synthesized for copper binding. The synthesized polymer has been characterized using FTIR, NMR, and UV‐Vis spectroscopic techniques. The addition of copper (II) to the polymer distinctly changes the properties such as crystallinity, molecular weight, aggregation, and electronic properties. XRD, DLS, SEM, and four‐point probe techniques have been used for study of these changes. It is observed that the secondary ion generated as a result of copper coordination results in the doping of the polyaniline backbone, which enhances the conductivity by one order of magnitude. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Which cities produce more excellent papers than can be expected? A new mapping approach, using Google Maps, based on statistical significance testing
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Leydesdorff Loet
Published: July 2011

The methods presented in this paper allow for a statistical analysis revealing centers of excellence around the world using programs that are freely available. Based on Web of Science data (a fee‐based database), field‐specific excellence can be identified in cities where highly cited papers were published more frequently than can be expected. Compared to the mapping approaches published hitherto, our approach is more analytically oriented by allowing the assessment of an observed number of excellent papers for a city against the expected number. Top performers in output are cities in which authors are located who publish a statistically significant higher number of highly cited papers than can be expected for these cities. As sample data for physics, chemistry, and psychology show, these cities do not necessarily have a high output of highly cited papers.
Collaboration in computer science: A network science approach
Authors: Franceschet Massimo
Published: July 2011

Co‐authorship in publications within a discipline uncovers interesting properties of the analyzed field. We represent collaboration in academic papers of computer science in terms of differently grained networks, namely affiliation and collaboration networks. We also build those sub‐networks that emerge from either conference or journal co‐authorship only. We take advantage of the network science paraphernalia to take a picture of computer science collaboration including all papers published in the field since 1936. Furthermore, we observe how collaboration in computer science evolved over time since 1960. We investigate bibliometric properties such as size of the discipline, productivity of scholars, and collaboration level in papers, as well as global network properties such as reachability and average separation distance among scholars, distribution of the number of scholar collaborators, network resilience and dependence on star collaborators, network clustering, and network assortativity by number of collaborators.
Nonstationarity in statistical process control — issues, cases, ideas
Authors: Ketelaere Bart De , Mertens Kristof , Mathijs Frank , Diaz Daniel Sabin , Baerdemaeker Josse De
Published: July 2011

Statistical process control (SPC) is a powerful framework that is used in many industries to decrease process variability and to pinpoint special cause variation. Although a broad range of techniques have been developed to do so, often the real‐life situation does not fully comply with the basic assumptions that are made in SPC resulting in poor results. One of the main violations against the assumptions is the fact that industrial processes rarely behave in a stationary manner — this is evidently the case for biological processes but is also an important issue when monitoring industrial processes. Besides, the ever increasing amount of data, with a clear shift towards multivariate and even multiway quality control, makes the classical univariate approach not feasible anymore. These two observations pose important challenges to statisticians to develop novel SPC algorithms that are broadly applicable in modern industries. In this contribution we discuss both issues and use two very different case studies to show the reader recent directions and developments in the SPC landscape. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria for malformations in newborn infants exposed to potential teratogens
Authors: Holmes Lewis B. , Westgate Marie‐Noel
Published: July 2011

BACKGROUND: The surveillance of newborn infants exposed to potential teratogens often relies on the findings in routine physicians' examinations to identify malformations. Exposed newborn infants can have a wide variety of physical features, including malformations, birth marks, positional deformities, and minor anomalies. The routine physician's findings are not standardized. Some physicians record a wide variety of physical features and others do not. The purpose of this study was to develop criteria and definitions for identifying malformations and for identifying the more common and less severe physical features that would be excluded as not being malformations. METHODS: The physical features recorded by the examining pediatricians were obtained from a review of the medical records of a consecutive sample of 1000 liveborn and stillborn infants and elective terminations for fetal anomalies. RESULTS: A malformation, defined as a structural abnormality with surgical, medical or cosmetic importance, was present in 18 (2.8%) of the infants; 222 other recorded features were identified and excluded: malformations attributed to dominant or recessive genes (4) or chromosome abnormalities (6), minor anomalies and normal variations (65), birth marks (110), positional deformities (6), prematurity‐related features (5), physiologic findings (4) and findings identified by prenatal ultrasound (but not by the examining pediatrician) (20), functional abnormalities (1) and findings in newborn screening (1). CONCLUSIONS: Investigators should establish, in advance, the exclusion criteria to be used in programs, such as malformation surveillance programs or pregnancy registries, whose findings are based on a review of the routine examinations in medical records. It is essential that the same criteria be used in evaluating the drug‐exposed and the unexposed comparison group. Birth Defects Research(Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomic mechanisms for splenic injury during colorectal surgery
Authors: Merchea Amit , Dozois Eric J. , Wang Jeffrey K. , Larson David W.
Published: July 2011

Intraoperative iatrogenic splenic injury during colorectal surgery is rare but may cause significant morbidity. We aimed to describe the anatomic mechanisms of iatrogenic injury to the spleen during colonic surgery. All adult surgical patients who sustained a splenic injury during colectomy at our institution from 1992 to 2007 were retrospectively identified. The operative and pathologic reports were reviewed, and anatomic details of the injuries were collected. Results are reported as a proportion or median, with range reported in brackets. Of 13,897 colectomies, 71 splenic injuries among 58 patients were identified. Splenic flexure colonic mobilization occurred in 53 (91%) of these patients. The median number of tears was 1 (1–3). The average length of tear was 4.59 cm. The distribution of injury location on the spleen was 24 (34%) inferior, 14 (20%) hilar, 3 (4%) posterior, 2 (3%) lateral, and 1 (1%) superior. Three (4%) patients suffered from splenic rupture. The location of 24 (34%) injuries was not described. Capsular tears were the cause of splenic injury in 55 (95%) patients. Intraoperative splenic injury ultimately resulted in splenectomy in 44 (76%) patients. Splenic injury was a delayed finding requiring reoperation in 4 (7%) patients. The primary mechanism of intraoperative splenic injury during colectomy is capsular tears and lacerations secondary to misplaced traction and tension on the spleen during colonic mobilization. Techniques to lessen these forces may decrease the number of injuries and subsequent splenectomy. Clin. Anat. 25:212–217, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ludwig Edinger (1855–1918)
Authors: Prithishkumar Ivan James
Published: July 2011

Ludwig Edinger, a German neurologist is considered as one of the founders of modern neuroanatomy. He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of Strassburg. His observation of small living organisms under a microscope at an early age led him to study medicine. Edinger had many discoveries to his credit. He was the first to describe the ventral and dorsal spinocerebellar tracts, to distinguish between paleo‐encephalon and neo‐encephalon, and between paleo‐cerebellum and neo‐cerebellum. He coined the terms “gnosis” and “praxis,” which were later adopted in psychological descriptions of agnosia and apraxia. He identified the Edinger‐Westphal nucleus in 1885 and was the first to describe the syndrome of thalamic pain. Edinger worked with renowned clinicians and published a large number of papers. He founded the Neurological Institute at the Goethe University in Frankfurt, which is the oldest neurological Institute in Germany. Edinger was a rare combination of a profound scientist, a brilliant teacher, a fine artist, and a noted hypnotist. While at the height of his career, he underwent a surgery and died a few hours later. It was his last will that his brain should be dissected in his own institute. It showed extraordinarily well‐developed occipital lobes as well as other unusual features. Clin. Anat. 25:155–157, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Should we teach Abernethy and Zuckerkandl?
Authors: Winkelmann A.
Published: July 2011

In this study, the author analyzed the relevance of anatomical eponyms for medical education by researching 453 anatomical eponyms and their corresponding English or Latin terms in the Medline database. The number of hits in the database ranged from 0 to 34,490 per eponym (median 11). Almost a quarter (110) of the eponyms did not appear at all. Only 11% of those articles that use anatomical eponyms in their title or abstract added a descriptive English or Latin term. In conclusion, familiarity with many of these eponyms is superfluous for medical students, as they are not in common use by the medical community. However, a number of eponyms must be actively retained by students to understand clinicians and efficiently research medical literature. Clin. Anat. 25:241–245, 2012. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Azygos lobe in a South African cadaveric population
Authors: Rauf Abdul , Rauf Waqar‐Un Nisa , Navsa Nadia , Ashraf Khizar Tauseef Ahmad
Published: July 2011

Knowledge of the prevalence, morphology, and location of the azygos lobe is essential for diagnostic and surgical procedures of the lungs related to mediastinal pathologies, especially to minimize intraoperative vascular injuries, shock, possible thoracotomy, and even the possibility of pulmonary torsion. Reports on the prevalence of the azygos lobe vary between 0.11% and 1.06%. The aim of this study was to record the prevalence and morphological description of the azygos lobe in the South African cadaveric population. A total of 704 adult cadavers dissected over a 10‐year period by students in the Department of Human Anatomy at the Medunsa Campus, University of Limpopo, were studied. The prevalence and dimensions of the azygos lobe were determined with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results indicate that an azygos lobe was present in the right lung in only four cases (prevalence 0.57%, 95% CI: 0.2%–1.6%). The mean height and width were 6.7 cm (95% CI: 4.4–9.2) and 4.5 cm (95% CI: 3.7–5.2), respectively. Observations on the morphology of the azygos lobe showed that it was rectangular (n = 3) and triangular (n = 1) in shape with smooth margins. In conclusion, the azygos lobe is a rare anomaly in the South African cadaveric population. The present results are comparable with those reported in the literature for other populations. Future radiological studies on the azygos lobe on living subjects in South Africa will be useful for further understanding of this rare but significant anomaly. Clin. Anat. 25:386–390, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling for Urea Hydrolysis in a Batch Reactor for Flue Gas Conditioning
Authors: Sahu J. N. , Hussain S. , Meikap B. C.
Published: July 2011

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is proposed to simulate urea hydrolysis for ammonia synthesis as a safe feed stock to flue gas conditioning in thermal power plants. A series of parametric studies to investigate flow rates, thermal boundary conditions, and reactor geometry was performed and operating conditions and reactor geometry were optimized. Detailed 3D flow, heat, and chemistry simulations of ammonia were carried out with predicted conversions comparable to measurements and the dependence of the experiments on the reaction parameters was evaluated. Through simulation under the same conditions the output was generated and compared to the experimental plot. Profiles of temperature and flow patterns were successfully achieved through simulation.
Energy Consumption during Vacuum Microwave Treatment of Potato Starch: A Phenomenological Model
Authors: Dixit O. , Treppe K. , Mollekopf N.
Published: July 2011

It is known that the water binding capacity of starch increases after vacuum microwave treatment. Microwave radiation absorbed by the starch sample affects its sensible, latent internal and chemical (bond and conformational) energy levels. A phenomenological model was developed based on energy sinks in starch, practically described as increasing temperature, breaking bonds between water and amylopectin/amylose molecules, changing the phase of water from liquid to vapor and structural rearrangements at short (single/double helices) and long (crystalline/amorphous) order. The model was validated by experimental data for different vacuum microwave treatment parameters, viz. incident power (460, 500 and 750 W), duration (30 to 340 s) and sample mass (10 to 70 g) at 4000 Pa. The results provide an insight into the physical aspects of the process and would facilitate its development on an industrial scale.
Experimental Study on Ethylene Recovery Using the Solvent Absorption Method
Authors: Zhang L. , Yan J. , Jiang B. , Xiao H.
Published: July 2011

The solvent absorption method was used for the separation of methane and hydrogen from the cracked gases to recover ethylene. The effects of the solvent/gas mass ratio, the operating pressure, and both the gas and solvent inlet temperatures on the solvent absorption behavior were studied. The optimal operating parameters obtained by orthogonal experimental analysis were as follows: solvent/gas mass ratio 3.5, operating pressure 2100 kPa, gas inlet temperature –10 °C, and solvent inlet temperature –40 °C. Excellent agreement was obtained between the experimental data and the simulation results, in all cases.
Bridging the Gap between Porphyrins and Porphycenes: Substituent‐Position‐Sensitive Tautomerism and Photophysics in meso‐Diphenyloctaethylporphyrins
Authors: Gawinkowski Sylwester , Orzanowska Grażyna , Izdebska Katarzyna , Senge Mathias O. , Waluk Jacek
Published: July 2011

2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐Octaethyl‐5,15‐diphenylporphyrin (1) is characterized by an inner cavity with a rectangular shape and small NH⋅⋅⋅N distances. It resembles porphycene, which is a constitutional isomer of porphyrin known for its strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds and rapid tautomerization. Such distortion of the porphyrin cavity leads to tautomeric properties of 1 that are intermediate between those of porphyrin and porphycene. In particular, a tautomerization in the lowest excited singlet state of 1 has been discovered, occurring with a rate three orders of magnitude lower than that in porphycene, but three to four orders of magnitude higher than that in porphyrin. An isomer of 1, 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐octaethyl‐5,10‐diphenylporphyrin (2), exhibits a different kind of geometry distortion. This molecule is nonplanar, but the inner cavity shape and dimensions are similar to those of the parent porphyrin. The same hydrogen‐bonding strength as that in porphyrin is observed for 2. In contrast, the nonplanarity of 2 significantly influences the photophysics, leading to a decrease in fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime. Absorption, magnetic circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectra are similar for 1 and 2 and resemble those of parent porphyrin. This is a consequence of comparable energy splittings of the frontier orbitals, ΔHOMO≈ΔLUMO. The results demonstrate that judicious selection of substituents and their position enables a controlled modification of geometry, hydrogen‐bonding strength, tautomerization rate, and photophysical and spectral parameters of porphyrinoids.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ for White Light‐Emitting Diodes by Multi‐Step Heat Treatment.
Authors: Luong Van Duong , Zhang Wentao , Lee Hong‐Ro
Published: July 2011

Red emitting (Sr1‐xEux)2Si5N8 (x = 0—0.2) phosphors for white light‐emitting diodes are synthesized from mixtures of SrCO3, Si3N4, Eu2O3, and activated charcoal powder by a multi‐step heat treatment (graphite crucible, 1100 °C for 1 h and 1400 °C for 3 h, followed by sintering in a Mo crucible at 1600 °C for 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Magnetic and Luminescent Properties of Two Classes of Molybdenum(VI) Rich Quaternary Lanthanide Selenites.
Authors: Zhang Su‐Yun , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: July 2011

Compounds (IV) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanoid‐Containing Open Wells—Dawson Silicotungstates: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties.
Authors: Ni Lubin , Hussain Firasat , Spingler Bernhard , Weyeneth Stephen , Patzke Greta R.
Published: July 2011

The new compounds (IV) (Ca source not given), (V), (VII), (IX), and (XI) are characterized by single crystal XRD, FTIR, UV/VIS, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and cyclic voltammetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dienol Ethers Using the Phosphine‐Catalyzed Alkyne Isomerization Reaction.
Authors: Fu Michael Yunyi , Guo Jiawen , Toy Patrick H.
Published: July 2011

The short synthesis of dienones (II) is based on phosphine‐catalyzed isomerization of electron‐deficient alkynes (I) representing a general procedure for the synthesis of “push‐pull” δ‐alkoxy dienones.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselectivity Control in Formal Nucleophilic Substitution of Bromocyclopropanes with Oxygen‐ and Sulfur‐Based Nucleophiles.
Authors: Banning Joseph E. , Prosser Anthony R. , Alnasleh Bassam K. , Smarker Jason , Rubina Marina , Rubin Michael
Published: July 2011

The reaction of bromocyclopropanes with oxygen nucleophiles selectively provides trans‐ or cis‐functionalized derivatives depending on the number and nature of cyclopropane substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Azlactones for the Synthesis of Aryl Glycine Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Chao , Luo Hong‐Wen , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: July 2011

The reaction of azlactones, e.g. (I), with the β‐substituted primary alcohol (II) as the nucleophile proceeds smoothly to generate aryl glycine derivatives (III) in excellent yields and with high levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Efficient Iron‐Catalyzed Reduction of Sulfoxides to Sulfides.
Authors: Enthaler Stephan
Published: July 2011

Both PMHS or PhSiH3 can be used as hydride sources under non‐inert conditions with the latter being the more efficient reagent in most cases.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Series of Highly Substituted Cyclohexanols via Michael Addition in an Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Lu Guo‐ping , Cai Chun
Published: July 2011

An efficient route for the synthesis of highly substituted cyclohexanols (III) via Michael addition of active methylene compounds (II) to chalcones (I) in the absence of any toxic solvents is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Mild Synthesis of Functionalized 2,3‐Dihydrofuran Derivatives via Domino Reaction in Water.
Authors: Xie Jian‐Wu , Li Ping , Wang Ting , Zhou Fei‐Ting
Published: July 2011

The mild conditions allow the access to a broad spectrum of trans‐substituted furan structures and may thus be of great interest in pharmaceutical chemistry and natural product synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinylindoles and Vinylpyrroles by the Peterson Olefination or by Use of the Nysted Reagent.
Authors: Noland Wayland E. , Etienne Christopher L. , Lanzatella Nicholas P.
Published: July 2011

The synthesis of vinyl heterocycles using Peterson olefination or Nysted reagent (V) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐(Anilinoarylmethylene)‐2‐oxindoles as Hesperadin Analogues.
Authors: Bararjanian Morteza , Hosseinzadeh Saeedeh , Balalaie Saeed , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: July 2011

Domino Heck—Buchwald reaction of Ugi four component reaction products (I) and (IV) with aromatic amines provides access towards title oxindole derivatives (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: An Anomalous Hydration/Dehydration Sequence for the Mild Generation of a Nitrile Oxide.
Authors: Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Kobiro Kazuya , Kiyoto Hideyuki , Hirao Shotaro , Sawayama Jun , Saigo Kazuhiko , Okajima Yoshikazu , Uehara Toshiharu , Maki Asaka , Ariga Masahiro
Published: July 2011

Treatment of isoxazolinones (I) with water under mild conditions generates a nitrile oxide (VI) which smoothly undergoes cycloaddition with various dipolarophiles furnishing isoxazoles (III) and isoxazolines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Green and Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinolin‐5‐ones Derivatives by Microwave‐Assisted Multicomponent Reaction in Hot Water Medium.
Authors: Andriushchenko Anastasiya Yu. , Desenko Sergey M. , Chernenko Vitaliy N. , Chebanov Valentin A.
Published: July 2011

The presence of 1.2 equivalents triethylamine and a reaction temperature of about 170 °C are crucial for the conversion.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of New Imidazolinone Derivatives as Potential Antifungal Agents.
Authors: Patel Navin B. , Patel Hemant R.
Published: July 2011

Novel highly functionalized imidazolones (III) are synthesized and screened together with several intermediates for their antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented, One‐Pot, Multi‐Component Synthesis of Substituted Uracil Derivatives.
Authors: Pedgaonkar Yogesh Y. , Degani Mariam S. , Iyer Radhakrishnan P.
Published: July 2011

The reaction tolerates a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic cyanoacetamides and anilines.
ChemInform Abstract: Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives by Grinding under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Li Jun , Jiang Dan‐Na , Chen Jiu‐Xi , Liu Miao‐Chang , Ding Jin‐Chang , Wu Hua‐Yue
Published: July 2011

Best results are obtained in the presence of basic alumina; neutral or acidic alumina and silica give slightly lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding Cyclitol Structural Diversity by Biocatalysis and Metalocatalysis. A Click Chemistry Approach.
Authors: de la Sovera Voctoria , Bellomo Ana , Pena Jesus M. , Gonzalez David , Stefani Helio A.
Published: July 2011

The reaction of bromoazidoconduritol or phenylazidoconduritol derivatives with various alkynes lead to formation of a triazole fragment [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Glucosinolates: The Synthetic Approach
Authors: Rollin Patrick , Tatibouet Arnaud
Published: July 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: From 1∞ [(UO2)2O(MoO4)4]6‐ to 1∞ [(UO2)2(MoO4)3(MoO5)] 6‐ Infinite Chains in A6U2Mo4O21 (A: Na, K, Rb, Cs) Compounds: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cs6 [(UO2)2(MoO4)3(MoO5)] .
Authors: Yagoubi S. , Obbade S. , Saad S. , Abraham F.
Published: July 2011

Single crystals of the title compound are obtained from a melt of U3O8, MoO3, and excess Cs2CO3 (Pt crucible, 950 °C, 12 h, cooling rate 5 °C/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Optical Spectroscopy of Ln2(SO4)3·8H2O (Ln: Ho, Tm) and Pr2(SO4)3·4H2O.
Authors: Kazmierczak Karolina , Hoeppe Henning A.
Published: July 2011

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared by evaporation of aqueous solutions of Ln2O3 (Ln: Ho, Tm, Pr) and H2SO4 at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure, Characterization and Thermoelectric Properties of the Type‐I Clathrate Ba8‐ySryAl14Si32 (0.6 ≤ y ≤ 1.3) Prepared by Aluminum Flux.
Authors: Roudebush John H. , Toberer Eric S. , Hope Haakon , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Kauzlarich Susan M.
Published: July 2011

Single crystals of composition Ba7.37Sr0.59Al14.22Si31.78 and Ba7.36Sr0.60Al14.24Si31.75 are obtained from the elements (Ba:Sr:Si:Al = 1:1:15:35; alumina crucible, 1000 °C, yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: [Sb10Se10]2+, a Heteronuclear Polycyclic Polycation from a Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Ahmed Ejaz , Isaeva Anna , Fiedler Andy , Haft Marcel , Ruck Michael
Published: July 2011

The first Sb/Se mixed polycation is obtained in a Lewis acidic ionic liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical—Thermal Preparation and Structural Studies of Mullite‐Type Bi2(GaxAl1‐x)4O9 Solid Solutions.
Authors: Da Silva K. L. , Sepelak V. , Duevel A. , Paesano A. Jr. , Hahn H. , Litterst F. J. , Heitjans P. , Becker K. D.
Published: July 2011

The title solid solutions (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are prepared by milling stoichiometric mixtures of Bi2O3, Ga2O3, and α‐Al2O3 in air (3 h, 600 rpm) followed by annealing at 800 °C in air for 24 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structures and Rapid Hydration of P2‐ and P3‐Type Sodium Chromium Antimony Oxides.
Authors: Pospelov A. A. , Nalbandyan V. B.
Published: July 2011

Two new hexagonal phases based on brucite‐like octahedral layers with trigonal‐prismatic coordination of interlayer sodium ions, Na0.7Cr0.85Sb0.15O2 (I) and Na0.58Cr0.79Sb0.21O2 (II), are synthesized under flowing argon from mixtures of Na2CO3, Cr2O3, and CrSbO4 (1000—1030 °C, 1—3 h) and characterized by powder XRD and X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Thermal Properties of a Novel Cubic ZrW1.80V0.20O7.90 Solid Solution.
Authors: Chen Xi , Deng Xuebin , Ma Hui , Tao Juzhou , Zhao Xinhua
Published: July 2011

Tetragonal ZrW1.80V0.20O6.90(OH)2.00 (H2O)2.00 is prepared by an acidic steam hydrothermal method using ZrOCl2 (NH4)6W7O24, and NH4VO3 (473 K, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Ferric Sulfate Trihydrate, Fe2(SO4)3·3H2O, a New Ferric Sulfate Salt.
Authors: Xu Wenqian , Parise John B.
Published: July 2011

The title compound is prepared by reaction of α‐Fe2O3 with conc.
ChemInform Abstract: AgRhO2, and the New Quaternary Delafossites AgLi1/3M2/3O2, Syntheses and Analyses of Real Structures.
Authors: Todorova V. , Leineweber A. , Kienle L. , Duppel V. , Jansen M.
Published: July 2011

The new delafossite type compounds AgLi1/3M2/3O2 (M: Rh, Ir) are synthesized by reaction of Li2RhO3 and Li2IrO3 in a AgNO3/KNO3 (2:1) melt (sealed glass tube, Ar, 623 K, 350 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphorylated Sulfoximines and Sulfinamides and Their Application as Ligands in Asymmetric Metal Catalysis.
Authors: Benetskiy Eduard B. , Bolm Carsten
Published: July 2011

Several sulfoximine‐ and sulfinamide‐based phosphorusamides are prepared from inexpensive and easily available educts.
ChemInform Abstract: Exerting Control over the Acyloin Reaction.
Authors: Donohoe Timothy J. , Jahanshahi Ali , Tucker Michael J. , Bhatti Farrah L. , Roslan Ishmael A. , Kabeshov Mikhail , Wrigley Gail
Published: July 2011

The acyloin reaction of unsymmetrical diesters (V) leads regioselectively to derivatives (VI) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Bicyclic Aminals by Way of Catalytic Intramolecular C—H Amination and Evaluation of Their Reactivity as Iminium Precursors.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lucena David , Morin Marie S. T. , Compain Philippe
Published: July 2011

The amination reaction occurs regioselectively in 2‐position of the pyrrolidine scaffold to give the bicyclic aminals in very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization—Carbonylation—Cyclization Coupling Reactions of Propargyl Acetates and Amides with Palladium(II)—Bisoxazoline Catalysts.
Authors: Yasuhara Sumie , Sasa Makiko , Kusakabe Taichi , Takayama Hiroyuki , Kimura Masayuki , Mochida Tomoyuki , Kato Keisuke
Published: July 2011

The reaction gives symmetric ketones containing two heterocyclic groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Tungsten(0)‐ and Rhenium(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization of Acetylenic Dienol Silyl Ethers Based on Geminal Carbo‐Functionalization of Alkynes.
Authors: Kusama Hiroyuki , Karibe Yusuke , Imai Rie , Onizawa Yuji , Yamabe Hokuto , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: July 2011

Best results for the synthesis of bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives by cyclization of siloxydienynes are achieved using rhenium(I) catalysts under photoirradiation conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Propargyl Alcohols as β‐Oxocarbenoid Precursors for the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Unactivated Olefins by Redox Isomerization.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Breder Alexander , O'Keefe B. Michael , Rao Meera , Franz Adam W.
Published: July 2011

Both [3.1.0] and [4.1.0] bicyclic ring systems are synthesized by the title reaction with excellent chemoselectivity, high degree of atom economy (no separate carbene precursor formation), and great tolerance toward various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Oxidation of Benzylic and Alkane C—H Bonds Catalyzed by Sodium o‐Iodobenzenesulfonate with Oxone as a Terminal Oxidant under Phase‐Transfer Conditions.
Authors: Cui Li‐Qian , Liu Kai , Zhang Chi
Published: July 2011

The high efficacy, wide substrate scope, ready availability of IBS and Oxone, and easy to store and handle and environmentally benign nature of the protocol makes the title catalytic system to an attractive way to oxidize benzylic and alkane C—H bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Carboxylic Acids Using Esters of Benzotriazole as High‐Reactivity Intermediates.
Authors: Morales‐Serna Jose Antonio , Garcia‐Rios Erendira , Bernal Jorge , Paleo Ehecatl , Gavino Ruben , Cardenas Jorge
Published: July 2011

The presented method for the reduction of carboxylic acids via their 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole esters is compatible with a variety of reducible functional groups allowing selective reductions.
ChemInform Abstract: Wittig‐Like Methylenation of Aldehydes in a Microflow System: Selective Methylenation by Differential of Plural Reactions.
Authors: Takada Yoshiaki , Matsubara Seijiro
Published: July 2011

Several aldehydes are shown to react with bis(iodozincio)methane in a microflow reactor.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Photoredox Catalysis: Mild and Selective Deprotection of PMB Ethers Mediated by Visible Light.
Authors: Tucker Joseph W. , Narayanam Jagan M. R. , Shah Pinkey S. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: July 2011

The highlights of the methodology are its excellent functional group tolerance, the mild reaction conditions and the avoidance of stoichiometric redox by‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Diastereoselective Synthesis of Stable 1,4‐Diionic Organosulfurs.
Authors: Moafi Leila , Ahadi Somayeh , Khavasi Hamid Reza , Bazgir Ayoob
Published: July 2011

A simple protocol is developed for the three‐component reaction of heteroarenes with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and elemental sulfur to produce stable zwitteronic organosulfur compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Procedure for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Substituted Tris(β‐oximinoalkyl)amines.
Authors: Semakin Artem N. , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu. , Ioffe Sema L. , Tartakovsky Vladimir A.
Published: July 2011

General strategies towards the synthesis of the title compounds (VI), (XI), and (XV) are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction of Thioamides.
Authors: Iwata Mitsutaka , Yazaki Ryo , Chen I‐Hon , Sureshkumar Devarajulu , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: July 2011

A soft Lewis acid/hard Broensted base cooperative binary catalyst is effective for the exclusive generation of enolates from thioacetamides for the direct aldol reaction with α‐nonbranched aliphatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Imines from Alcohols and Amines with TiO2 Loading Pt Nanoparticles under UV Irradiation.
Authors: Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Ikeda Makoto , Tsukamoto Daijiro , Tanaka Shunsuke , Hirai Takayuki
Published: July 2011

The title transformation is achieved via a Pt‐assisted photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols (II) and a catalytic condensation of the aldehyde intermediates with amines (I) on the TiO2 surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sterically Constrained Tricyclic Pyrrolidinyl Alcohol Ligands for the Enantioselective Ethylation of Aryl Aldehydes: Assessment of the Influence of Ring Strain and N‐Alkyl Chain Length on Asymmetric Induction.
Authors: Sahin Engin , Kilic Hamdullah
Published: July 2011

Novel tricyclic pyrrolidinyl alcohol ligands are synthesized and applied in the enantioselective ethylation of aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Asymmetric Catalytic Activity of (1S,1′S)‐4,4′‐Biquinazoline‐Based Primary Amines.
Authors: Cakici Murat , Catir Mustafa , Karabuga Semistan , Ulukanli Sabri , Kilic Hamdullah
Published: July 2011

New quinazoline‐based organocatalysts are prepared and applied in the asymmetric ethylation of aromatic aldehydes.The corresponding alcohols are obtained with high levels of enantioselectivity except for alcohols with ortho‐electron‐withdrawing substituents in the phenyl ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Methylation of Phenols with DMF‐DMA.
Authors: Belov Pavel , Campanella Veronica L. , Smith Alison W. , Priefer Ronny
Published: July 2011

If a ketone or carboxylic acid is present, enamine formation as well as esterification is accomplished simultaneously.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Arylation of Aldehydes via the Productive Merger of Iodonium Salts and Organocatalysis.
Authors: Allen Anna E. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: July 2011

An operationally simple, room temperature protocol for the enantioselective α‐arylation of aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative and Enantioselective Cross‐Coupling of Aldehydes and Nitromethane Catalyzed by Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Itoh Takahiko , Ishikawa Hayato
Published: July 2011

The enantioselective, oxidative, one‐pot transformation of a C—H bond at the β‐atom of an aldehyde into a new C—C bond proceeds under metal‐free conditions by the use of an organic oxidizing reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of Arylquinones as BACE1 Inhibitors, β‐Amyloid Peptide Aggregation Inhibitors, and Destabilizers of Preformed β‐Amyloid Fibrils.
Authors: Ortega Andrea , Rincon Angela , Jimenez‐Aliaga Karim L. , Bermejo‐Bescos Paloma , Martin‐Aragon Sagrario , Molina Maria Teresa , Csaky Aurelio G.
Published: July 2011

A new method for the direct arylation of 2‐aryl‐1,4‐benzoquinones (I) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium‐Catalyzed Ullmann—Ziegler Cross‐Coupling for Sterically Hindered Biaryls.
Authors: Nuellen Max P. , Goettlich Richard
Published: July 2011

Procedures are described for the regioselective formation of organo copper‐reagents from hindered arenes followed by cross‐coupling with aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition with Curcumin Derivative.
Authors: Li Wenjun , Wu Wenbin , Yu Feng , Huang Huicai , Liang Xinmiao , Ye Jinxing
Published: July 2011

The title reaction is achieved by a new series of tertiary amine—thiourea organocatalysts to afford the Michael adducts in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Bidentate P‐Chiral Diaminophosphine Oxide Preligands: Application to Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution Reactions.
Authors: Harada Teisuke , Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Jin Long , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: July 2011

A novel phenylalanine derived‐bidentate chiral diaminophosphine oxide preligand DIAPHOX is developed and successfully applied to Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation and amination.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthetic Approach Towards Hydroxytetraphenylenes.
Authors: Cui Jian‐Fang , Huang Hui , Wong Henry N. C.
Published: July 2011

Recent results in improving the syntheses of five symmetrical and unsymmetrical hydroxytetraphenylenes are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzofused Heteroaryl Azoles via Tandem C‐Heteroatom Coupling/C—H Activation of Azoles.
Authors: Qin Xurong , Cong Xuefeng , Zhao Dongbing , You Jingsong , Lan Jingbo
Published: July 2011

A broad range of azoles, viz.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionally Substituted 2‐Imino‐3‐aryl‐2,5‐dihydrofurans and Their Chemical Reactions.
Authors: Avetisyan A. A. , Alvandzhyan A. G. , Avetisyan K. S.
Published: July 2011

Compounds (III) are readily hydrolyzed under mild acidic conditions (pH 4‐5).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Aryl‐Substituted Furan‐2(5H)‐ones Using the Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Ruonan , Iskander George , da Silva Paulo , Chan Daniel , Vignevich Valentina , Nguyen Vi , Bhadbhade Mohan M. , Black David StC , Kumar Naresh
Published: July 2011

Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction is used for the monoarylation of the monobrominated (I), bis‐arylation of the bis‐brominated (IV) and a step‐wise bisarylation of (IV) using two different boronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Acceleration of the Domino Reaction Between Methyl 4‐Hydroxyalk‐3‐ynoates and Amines in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Simirskaya Nina I. , Ignat'ev Nikolai V. , Schulte Michael , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: July 2011

The ionic liquid (IL) acts as both solvent and promoter.