bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BRINGING MINING RIGHTS AS CAPITALS TO THE TRADING COMPANIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VALUATIONS OF LICENSES
Authors: YILDIZ Taşkın Deniz , TOPALOĞLU Mustafa
Published: September 2021

It is an undeniable fact that mining rights are at an important economic levelnowadays. Considering this characteristic, the Code is stipulated in the TurkishCommercial Code; "Mining licenses" and "other rights with an economic value like this"among the elements of property that can be brought as the same capital, allowing allmining rights to bring as a capital of the trading companies. In the No. 3213 Mining Law ineffect, Article 6, the possession of mineral rights can only be recognized to commercialcompanies with real or legal personality. The prerequisite for mining rights to beundertaken as capital is the absence of any limited property right, seizure and interiminjunction on it. In this respect, mining rights are valued by experts who will be appointedby the commercial courts. When the rights of mining are written as capital in the company'sarticles of incorporation, it is requested that the relevant rights holder apply the GeneralDirectorate of Mining and Petroleum Affairs (MAPEG) before the registration andannotate the mine register of the right of the relevant mine as capital. At this point, unlikethe Code, the annotation/registration of the transfer process foreseen by the mandatoryprovision of the Mining Law should also be conducted. In this study, the process ofbringing mineral rights as capital is analyzed, especially by emphasizing the perspective ofvalorization of licenses. In this way, it is aimed to help to conduct the aforementionedprocess within the mining license transfer in the minimum time and the actual monetaryvalue.
GAZETE KÖŞE YAZISI SÖYLEMİ KAPSAMINDA YENİ BARO DÜZENLEMESİ: SÖYLEM-TARİHSEL YAKLAŞIM ÇERÇEVESİNDE BİR ÇÖZÜMLEME
Authors: DANIŞ Pınar
Published: September 2021

Söylemin eleştirel olarak incelenmesine yönelik yaklaşımlarından olan Söylem-Tarihsel Yaklaşım, ‘olumlu biz’, ‘olumsuz onlar’ temsilinin gerçekleştirilmesine aracılık eden söylemsel stratejileri içermektedir. Bu stratejilerden biri olan ve çalışmamızın inceleme kapsamını oluşturan yükleme, ‘biz’ ve ‘onlar’ arasındaki grup içi olumlu ve grup dışı olumsuz etiketlemeyi amaçlayan yüklemeleri ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada yükleme, toplumsal aktörlerin, olayların ve olguların gazetenin ve yazarın ideolojik eğilimi doğrultusunda betimlendiği ve okuyucuların, bu çerçevede ikna edilmesinin amaçlandığı bir medya metin türü olan gazete köşe yazıları çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, karşıt ideolojik yönelime sahip gazetelerde yükleme stratejilerinin belirlenmesi; böylece aynı gerçekliğin farklı ideolojik yönelime sahip gazetelerde nasıl betimlendiğinin ve söylemin karşıt ideolojiler tarafından nasıl biçimlendirildiğinin ortaya koyulmasıdır. Veritabanını oluşturan köşe yazılarının çözümlenmesi sonucunda farklı ideolojik yönelime sahip gazetelerde yeni baro düzenlemesinin farklı biçimde temsil edildiği ve bir gazetede olumlu olarak betimlenen toplumsal aktörlerin ve olguların, diğer gazetede olumsuz olarak betimlendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu açıdan çalışmanın bulguları, medya söylemi ve politik ideoloji arasındaki koşut bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
ANAOKULLARININ FİZİKSEL VE SOSYAL ERİŞİLEBİLİRLİK ÖLÇÜMÜ: KONAK MAHALLELERİ (İZMİR) ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SAYIN Zeynep Melike , ALTINDAŞ Gamze , ŞENOL Fatma
Published: September 2021

Okul öncesi eğitim, çocukların gelecekte başarılı ve yaşam kalitesi yüksek bireyler olmalarına katkı sağlarken, özellikle annelerinin ücretli iş gücüne katılımını etkileyen önemli bir faktör olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu sebeplerle, okul öncesi eğitim ülkemizde ve dünyada bir sosyal politika aracı olarak ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma İzmir ilinin Konak İlçesindeki anaokullarına çevre mahallelerin erişilebilirliğini, iki coğrafi (ilçe ve mahalle) düzeydeki fiziksel ve sosyal erişilebilirlik açısından ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri araçlarıyla incelemektedir. Birinci aşama olan ilçe ölçeğinde fiziksel erişilebilirlik, anaokullarının coğrafi konumları ve sunduğu olanaklar, mahallelerin yaş grupları, eğitim temelli özellikleri ve satın alma güçleri, alanın genel topografik eğimi ve anaokullarının hizmet alanlarını tespit eden ağ analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında anaokullarının sosyal ve fiziksel erişilebilirlik ölçümü, okulların sunduğu eğitim ve mekânsal olanaklar, aylık ücret, toplu taşıma araçları ile okullara erişimin maliyet ve yolculuk süresi açısından değerlendirilmesini kapsamaktadır. Çalışma, fiziksel ve sosyal erişilebilirlik açısından anaokullarının yer seçimleri için değerlendirmeler ve öneriler ile sonlandırılmıştır.
VEJETARYEN OLMAK YA DA OLMAMAK: NETNOGRAFİK PERSPEKTİFTEN VEGAN-VEJETARYEN SANAL TOPLULUKLARI
Authors: YETİM Gözde , BURAN İrem , ARGAN Metin , ÖZER Alper
Published: September 2021

Günümüzde sanal topluluklar, vegan-vejetaryen kimliğe sahip bireyler için kimliklerini öne çıkarabilecek ve kendilerini ifade edebilecek bir alan olarak değerlendirmektedirler. Daha da ötesi, üye olunan sanal toplulukların kişilerin tutum ve davranışları üzerinde etkili olduğu tartışılmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmanın amacı, vegan-vejetaryen sanal topluluklara üye olan bireylerin tüketim davranışlarını, tutumlarını ve kültürlerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada, netnografi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, vegan-vejetaryen sanal topluluklarına ilişkin en aktif olan altı Facebook grubu ve altı forum sayfası incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan tüm ana ve alt kategorilerden yola çıkarak vegan-vejetaryen bireylerin kendilerine bir sosyal kimlik kazandırma amacı ile çeşitli sosyal platformlarda yer aldıkları söylenebilir. Yapılan paylaşımlar yeni başlayanlara yol gösterici nitelik taşırken, merak edilen birçok konuda fikir alışverişinde bulunarak veganlık-vejetaryenlik ile ilgili sorularına da cevap bulmaktadır.
KİŞİLERİN YAŞAMI ANLAMLANDIRMA BİÇİMLERİ VE MUTLULUĞA BAKIŞ AÇILARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ
Authors: ARLI ÇİL Dilek , SOLTEKİN Muhammed Furkan
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, felsefe alanındaki literatürde ortaya koyulan, kişilerin yaşamı anlamlandırma biçimleri ve mutluluğa bakış açıları arasındaki ilişkilerin, nitel araştırma aracılığıyla derinlemesine irdelenmesi ve anlaşılmasıdır. Literatüre göre, iki tür mutluluk anlayışı ve iki farklı anlamlandırma biçiminden söz edilebilir. Bunlar, Hobbes’un ortaya koyduğu hazza dayanan mutluluk anlayışı ve Aristoteles tarafından geliştirilen erdeme dayalı mutluluk anlayışıdır. İki farklı anlamlandırma biçimi ise, şeyleri öznel yararla bağlantılı olarak değerlendirme ve şeylerin kendi değerini görerek değerlendirmedir. Bu çalışmada, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri alanında çalışan akademisyenlerin yaşamlarını anlamlandırma biçimlerinde bu ikiliğin görülüp görülmediği ve bu anlamlandırma biçimleriyle mutluluğa bakış açıları arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğu araştırılmıştır. Katılımcıların, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri alanında çalışan akademisyenler olmasının nedeni, çalışma alanları dolayısıyla “mutluluk” ve “anlam” kavramları üzerine düşünme gereğinin daha fazla oluşudur. Çalışmanın amacına uygun bir şekilde, 22 katılımcıya, yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşme tekniği kullanılarak anlam, mutluluk, amaç ve değer kavramlarıyla bağlantılı sorular yöneltilmiş ve bu kavramları nasıl içeriklendirdikleri incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmada elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle, yaşamı öznel yararları ile bağlantılı olarak anlamlandırılan katılımcıların mutluluğu hazzın varlığı olarak gördüğü, yaşamı, şeylerin kendindeki değerini görerek anlamlandıran kişilerin ise mutluluğu, erdemlere ve tür olarak insanın değerlerine dayalı bir iyi olma hali olarak gördüğü sonucuna varılmıştır. Böylece, felsefe literatüründe ortaya koyulan, yaşamı anlamlandırma biçimleri ve mutluluğa bakış açıları arasındaki ilişkilerin, katılımcı akademisyenlerin düşünüşlerindeki karşılıkları gösterilmiştir.
EYLEM VE HAKİKAT
Authors: YILMAZ Adem
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışma Heidegger’in herkes analizi üzerinden Arendt ile Badiou arasında bir yakınlık bölgesi oluşturma amacındadır. Bunu yaparken Heidegger’in “herkes” analizi ile Arendt’in eylem ve Badiou’nun hakikat süreci kavramlarını birlikte okumaktadır. Heidegger’in herkes olarak tarif ettiği varolma tarzı yapılabilecek ve düşünülebileceklere dair sınır çizen bir vasatlığa gönderme yapar. Herkes, bireylerin içinde benzer yaşantılar sürdüğü ve kararlarında ona referans verdiği bir deneyimi ifade eder. Arendt’in eylem kavramı ile Badiou’nun hakikat süreci herkes olma durumundan çıkış olarak ortak kaygıyı paylaşmaktadır. Birey olmaktan özne olmaya geçiş her iki düşünürün sözlüğünde herkesin düşünsel ve pratik tahakkümünün farkındalığı ile olanaklıdır.
Plant growth-promoting bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus improve the growth of sorghum seedings in a low-nutrient soil
Authors: Amora-Lazcano Enriqueta , Quiroz-González Héctor J. , Osornio-Ortega Cristofer I. , Cruz-Maya Juan A. , Jan-Roblero Janet
Published: September 2021

Background: Deficiency in sorghum growth in ecosystems of low-nutrient soils has been scarcely studied. This soil deficiency can be overcome by the addition of plant growth-promoting bacteria which increase sorghum growth.
Questions and/or Hypotheses: indole acetic acid (IAA) producing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can promote sorghum growth under nutritional stress.
Studied species: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Study site and dates: Mexico City, 2018.
Methods: Of the twelve bacterial strains utilized, three produce IAA (group BI), two strains produce IAA and siderophores (BIS group), four strains produce IAA and solubilize phosphate (BIP group), and three strains produce IAA, solubilize phosphate, and produce siderophores (BIPS group). Hydroponic bioassays and low-nutrient soil bioassay were used.
Results: In hydroponic bioassays, for BI and BIS groups, five strains significantly increased the growth parameters with respect to the control, and for the BIP and BIPS groups, two strains promoted stem development and shoot dry weight. In a low-nutrient soil bioassay, Pseudomonas sp. BI-1 (from BI group) was the one that presented the highest percentages 32, 48, 140 and 79 % in stem diameter, height and dry weight of the shoot and dry weight of the root, respectively, followed by the P. mohnii BIPS-10 strain (from BIPS group) that exhibited similar results.
Conclusions: IAA producing Pseudomonas strains improve the sorghum growth in a low-nutrient soil and suggest thatPseudomonas sp. BI-1 and P. mohnii BIPS-10 could be used as potential bioinoculants for sorghum.
Evaluation of preparation times of WaveOne Gold reciprocating instruments compared to two analogous counterparts
Authors: Victor Christiaan , Van der Vyver Peet J , Vorster Martin , Paleker Farzana , Vally Zunaid I
Published: September 2021

Manufacturers are constantly developing new products to optimise endodontic treatment. These newer file systems are often associated with increasing expenditure of instrumentation and can affect the cost effectiveness of root canal treatment. Recently, companies have emerged that claim to have successfully reproduced many of the more established endodontic file systems manufactured by Dentsply Sirona (Ballaigues, Switzerland). EdgeEndo (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) and PacDent (Brea, CA, USA), which manufacture files similar in design to that of Dentsply Sirona, claim that they are similar and sell them at a lower price. A performance comparison of the replica file systems to their original is of clinical importance. The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the total glide path and canal preparation times of WaveOne Gold Glider (Dentsply Sirona) combined with the Primary WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Sirona), Edge GlidePath (Edge Endo, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) followed by the Primary EdgeOne Fire (EdgeEndo); and One File G Glide Path (Pac-Dent, Brea, CA, USA) file combined with the Primary One File G (Pac-Dent) Shaping file. Sixty curved untreated canals of extracted, human, mandibular molars were randomly divided into three groups of 20 canals each for mechanical glide path enlargement and root canal shaping. Group 1 (WaveOne Gold Glider + Primary WaveOne Gold); Group 2 (Edge GlidePath + Primary EdgeOne Fire); and Group 3 (One File G Reciprocating Glide Path File + Primary One File G Reciprocating shaping file). The total time taken to prepare a glide path and to complete the root canal preparation of each canal was recorded (in seconds) by means of an iPhone stopwatch (Apple Inc., Cupertino, California). The time taken to change files was not recorded. Throughout the instrumentation process, RC Prep was used as a lubricant, and5 mL 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigation solution. Mean and standard deviations were determined for each group, and analysis of variance was used to statistically compare the mean glide path preparation times for the three groups. The fastest final canal preparation time was achieved by WOGG/PWOG (41.78 ± 10.58 s), followed by OFGP/ POFS (42.02 ± 12.16 s) and then EGP/PEOF (42.49 ± 10.44 s). There were no statistically significant differences between the canal preparation times of the three combination groups (p>0.05).
Irrigation wheat production constraints and opportunities in South Africa
Authors: Dube Ernest , Tsilo Toi J. , Sosibo Nondumiso Z. , Fanadzo Morris
Published: September 2021

South Africa currently faces a wheat production crisis, suggesting that current policies, research and development projects may not be well aligned to farmer priorities. Through exploratory research, which included field inspections and farmer and researcher interviews, we identified the major constraints to irrigation wheat yield and explored opportunities for improving the yield and farmer profits. The dominant constraint to yield was identified as the low market price for grain, which makes farmers reluctant to invest in inputs for increasing wheat yield. Poor cultivar choice, cereal-based monocropping, the high cost of irrigation, inadequate irrigation water, low crop stands, soil acidity, no-till practices and red-billed quelea (Quelea quelea) birds are negatively impacting yields. Most importantly, we highlight a misalignment between current research efforts and farmer priorities. Recommendations for corrective measures necessary to improve yield and farmer profits are provided. This new knowledge will be useful to policymakers and researchers for better orienting investments in research and development projects aimed at addressing the current wheat production crisis in the country.

Significance:

We highlight a misalignment between current research efforts and farmer priorities in the wheat sector, and provide new knowledge for better orienting investments in research and development projects aimed at addressing the current wheat production crisis.
Materialidad escolar en instituciones de cuidado y educación para párvulos en la ciudad de México, 1870-1940
Authors: García Serrano Adriana Alejandra
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este artículo de investigación es analizar los materiales escolares en las instituciones de cuidado y educación para niños menores de 6 años en la ciudad de México en el periodo 1870-1940. De manera particular se reflexiona en torno a los materiales utilizados para la instrucción o enseñanza de los párvulos, así como sus cambios y el vínculo que guardaron con lo que se esperaba que los niños pequeños aprendieran, fueran e hicieran en un proceso de apropiación e institucionalización de la educación dirigida a niños pequeños. El enfoque teórico-metodológico incluye ramas de la investigación en historia cultural, específicamente historia de la cultura material, de la materialidad escolar y de la infancia. Con este enfoque se pretende identificar las transformaciones de los materiales escolares y sus usos a partir de la indagación en diversas fuentes bibliográficas y documentos de archivo como inventarios, programas, solicitudes de materiales y recursos, entre otros. Se muestra cómo es que los materiales escolares fueron cambiando a la par que se transitaba de una concepción instructiva a una educativa en las instituciones para niños menores de 6 años.
Desarrollo de factores protectores y obstaculizadores de la resiliencia socioeducativa de niños y niñas, según la perspectiva docente
Authors: Salvo-Garrido Sonia , San Martín Praihuén Susana , Vivallo Urra Oscar , Acuña Cabrera Joaquín
Published: September 2021

Este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo describir la percepción de docentes de alumnos vulnerables socioeconómica y psicosocialmente, con respecto de los factores protectores y obstaculizadores de la resiliencia académica y su contribución a los procesos resilientes de sus estudiantes, a través de elementos socioacadémicos, pedagógicos y de índole emocional/relacional. Mediante una metodología de tipo cualitativa, análisis de contenido, se abordó el contenido de 67 entrevistas realizadas a docentes pertenecientes a escuelas públicas y particulares subvencionadas vulnerables de Chile. Los principales resultados señalan la necesidad de que todos aquellos actores que conforman la comunidad educativa, en particular los profesores, afronten los retos de la educación en sus diferentes escenarios y desarrollen dinámicas que contribuyan, no solo al éxito académico, sino que también a la felicidad y al bienestar de los estudiantes. Desde esta perspectiva, relaciones positivas o negativas establecidas con los alumnos posibilitan u obstaculizan la capacidad de superar situaciones adversas, en términos de promover la resiliencia socioeducativa de la población más vulnerable del país.
Örgütlerde Yaratıcılık Gerçekleştirme Olanağı Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Ertan , KESKİN Nursefa
Published: September 2021

Değişim hızının yüksek olduğu günümüzde, örgüt başarısının en önemli etkenlerinden biri olan liderlerin örgüt çalışanlarını yaratıcılığa ikna etmelerinde Enneagram öğretisi/bilimi kurtarıcı olabilir. Bu çalışmada genel olarak Enneagram bilgisinin liderlik davranış tarzına etkisi üstünde durulmuştur. Enneagram bilimini öğrenen lider ve astların ortaya koyacağı başarı ve tarzın örgütteki etkililiği ve yaratıcı liderliğin başarılı uygulamasına katkısı üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Lider ve astlarından oluşan Afyon İlindeki eğitim teşkilatının örneklemi oluşturduğu gönüllü katılımcılara (N=194) Enneagram eğitimi (60 saat) ön ve son test uygulanmıştır. Yaratıcı liderliği benimsenme derecesi yüksek bir ölçekle ortaya koymak amacıyla keşfedici faktör analizi ile ölçek geliştirmek amacıyla önceki çalışmalara ilaveten yöneticilerle yapılan araştırma kısmında değinilen görüşmelerden yararlanılmıştır. Yöneticilerin Enneagram öğretisi kavrayışına sahip olduktan sonra yaratıcı liderlik açısından astlarından daha çok fayda sağladıkları bulunmuştur. Yaratıcı liderlik safhaları Enneagram öğretisi sayesinde daha dengeli ve etkili kullanılmaya başlanmıştır.
Protocol of the pilot study: generational issues in linking family farming production, traditional food in diet, physical activity and obesity in Pacific Islands countries and territories : the case of the Melanesian population on Lifou Island v1
Authors: Galy Olivier , frayon stéphane , Goldin marco , zongo Paul , Wattelez Guillaume , Lameta Sonny , Quartermain Alan , Fotsing Jean-Marie , Bouard Séverine
Published: September 2021

In the Melanesian culture, traditional activities are organized around family farming, although the lifestyle transition taking place over the last several decades has led to imbalances in diet and physical activity, with both leading to obesity. The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to understand the links between family farming (produced, exchanged, sold, and consumed food), diet (focused on produced, hunted, and caught food), physical activity (sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and obesity in Melanesian Lifou Island families (parents and children). Forty families, including 142 adults and children, completed individual food frequency questionnaires, wore tri-axial accelerometers for seven continuous days, and had weight and height measured with a bio-impedance device. Family farming questionnaire was conducted at the household level concerning family farming practices and sociodemographic variables. Multinomial regression analyses and logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results showed that family farming production brings a modest contribution to diet and active lifestyles for the family farmers of Lifou Island. The drivers for obesity in these tribal communities were linked to diet in the adults, whereas parental socioeconomic status and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were the main factors associated to overweight and obesity in children. These differences in lifestyle behaviors within families suggest a transition in cultural practices at the intergenerational level. Future directions should consider seasonality and a more in-depth analysis of diet including macro- and micro- nutrients to acquire more accurate information on the intergenerational transition in cultural practices and its consequences on health outcomes in the Pacific region.
La resistencia por el derecho a la tierra en Colombia: entre la especificación y el apartheid constitucional
Authors: Ramírez Gutiérrez Camilo
Published: September 2021

Este escrito pretende analizar el origen del derecho a la tierra en Colombia desde los movimientos campesinos, es decir, enfatiza en el proceso de creación del conocimiento sobre la compresión, la capacidad y la necesidad de explotar los territorios, no desde el Estado y sus instituciones, sino de los procesos comunitarios, sin perder de vista que la especificación, es entendida como el proceso de positivización en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. Para cumplir tal fin, el escrito explora la construcción del derecho a la tierra a finales del siglo XIX y durante el siglo XX y analiza la forma en que la Corte Constitucional ha focalizado sus esfuerzos en garantizar la restitución de tierras de las víctimas del conflicto. Concluye que los esfuerzos normativos por su garantía han sido insuficientes y que persisten los bloqueos que marginan a estos sujetos sociales a un apartheid constitucional.
Dual Immersion Digital Instruction: A Theoretical Model for Equitable and Inclusive Classrooms
Authors: Solsona-Puig Jordi , Capdevila-Gutiérrez María , Rodríguez-Valls Fernando
Published: September 2021

Dual immersion programs have proven effective in achieving biliteracy for all students. However, maintaining equitable practices at the core of such programs has become more challenging in remote learning due to the pandemic. It is necessary, therefore, to revise some of the benefits and challenges of digital instruction mediated by technology in these settings. Using a middle school Dual Immersion (di) program in Southern California as a background, and from the perspective of bilingual education teachers and professors, this article presents a theoretical model called Dual Immersion Digital Instruction (di2) that could serve that purpose. The model includes the five dimensions involved in just, equitable, and inclusive education: Technological, content, social, linguistic, and pedagogical. The article also analyzes the pedagogical opportunities and challenges that teachers in di programs face in regards to each of these dimensions when all instruction becomes fully online. Finally, the article discusses how the shift to online teaching in di classrooms could impact bilingual teacher education programs.
Teaching English Online to Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Giraldo Martinez Zoila Liliana , Ramos Carvajal Sigrid Andrea
Published: September 2021

The unprecedented reality of the covid-19 pandemic has led students and teachers to adapt to new routines and technological resources so that they can meet the pedagogical requirements generated by this world sanitary emergency. This case study explored a methodological intervention with students from an English school for special needs students in Manizales (Colombia). Our team of two university professors and seven pre-service teachers provided online English lessons to 17 students with autism spectrum disorder (asd) and 13 with Down syndrome (ds). To do it, we used the principles of universal design for learning (udl) and an eclectic method which combines strategies from thre specific approaches: The Presentation, Practice, and Production approach (ppp), the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication-Handicapped Children (teacch) approach and a behavioral management approach. The purpose of this study was to establish the impact of the implementation of such strategies on the English Language Learning (ell) process of the asd and ds learners. Three data collection techniques, including two surveys to parents and a researcher journal, were used. Findings indi­cated that: (a) the combination of various stimuli and methodological strategies from a variety of approaches enhanced learning, (b) the use of images and pictograms fostered memory, (c) setting clear routines promoted self-regulation skills, and (d) the families and students’ challenges were turned into opportunities. It was concluded that teaching English online to asd and ds students requires knowledge of their conditions and suitable strategies from an eclectic instructional approach.
Powerful Pedagogies in Times of COVID: An Online Pedagogical Collaboration Between EFL Students and ESL Teacher Candidates
Authors: Cohen Sarah L. , Calderon Aponte Daniel
Published: September 2021

In the context of the global covid-19 pandemic, educators at all levels had to re-imagine their teaching practices to respond to the necessity of conducting all courses on-line. This article reports on the collaboration of two university instructors to create a trans-national model of learning in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. By virtue of this collaboration, the efl students based at a large public university in Colombia were engaged in four online sessions and paired with teacher candidates taking an esl endorsement course in the United States. This online collaboration afforded the Colombian efl students an authentic opportunity to practice their English learning and the us teacher candidates a meaningful context in which to conduct authentic language assessments. Using interview and questionnaire data, this qualitative case study explored the experiences of the efl students. The data demonstrate that online exchanges can afford students meaningful opportunities for language development. The results further show that online learning can be enriched through mutually beneficial collaborations across universities and transnational contexts.
Rapport in the Foreign Language Classroom: From Face-to-Face to Online in Times of Pandemic
Authors: Katz Shayna
Published: September 2021

As shown in previous studies, positive teacher and student rapport increases motivation and performance in foreign language learning. This study investigated the impact of three forms of interaction on the development of teacher-student and student-student relationships in a Spanish as a Foreign Language classroom that transitioned from face-to-face (FtoF) to online due to the emergence of the covid- 19 pandemic. These forms of interaction were positive comments, corrective feedback, and personal thematic discourse. The participants were students from six different beginner-level Spanish courses at a university in Hawai’i. Because of covid restrictions, half of the semester was conducted FtoF and half online. Data were collected through a three-part questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions which explored the impact of the online and FtoF setting and forms of interaction on rapport. The results reveal the importance of corrective feedback and positive comments on the development of positive teacher-student rapport, and of positive comments and personal thematic discourse on student-student rapport. The study suggests the need to bring qualities from the FtoF classroom to online, such as a sense of a more personal experience, ability to connect, ease in asking questions, receiving feedback, and greater interaction.
Las tutorías de escritura académica presenciales y virtuales: ¿qué podemos aprender sobre sus estrategias didácticas?
Authors: Nuñez Cortes Juan Antonio , Errázuriz María Constanza , Neubauer Esteban Adrián , Parada Claudia
Published: September 2021

En el contexto hispánico, han surgido los centros de escritura y las tutorías, los cuales se han debido adaptar a la educación a distancia, por causa de la emergencia sanitaria de la covid-19. No obstante, aún hay pocas evidencias con respecto a cómo funcionan las tutorías en esa modalidad de educación. A partir de lo anterior, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar las estrategias didácticas que utilizaron dos tutoras pares durante las tutorías de escritura presenciales que ofrecieron antes de la pandemia y las virtuales, realizadas durante la pandemia, luego de un programa específico de formación. Para ello, mediante una investigación cuantitativa-cualitativa, se realizó un análisis de contenido, por medio del software maxqda, de las transcripciones de 16 tutorías (8 presenciales y 8 virtuales). Los resultados dan cuenta de una prevalencia general de estrategias cognitivas, sobre todo la pregunta, junto con instructivas, como la sugerencia y la explicación. No obstante, se perciben diferencias en los tipos de tutorías y se confirma una tendencia a centrarse más en el estudiante y en el proceso en las tutorías virtuales. Estos resultados sugieren que las tutorías virtuales son una alternativa útil en el acompañamiento del proceso de escritura a estudiantes universitarios.
ENRICHING VOCABULARY WITH ADJECTIVES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ READING LITERACY
Authors: Burceva Rita , Revelina Kristine
Published: September 2021

The trend observed in the education system is that pupils often spend their free time using mobile phones or computers for entertainment. As a result, pupils have a rather modest vocabulary, which poses a problem to formulate and express their thoughts in the learning process, to describe the central thesis in more detail, for example, using adjectives.The research aim is to determine the methods used in teaching adjectives and their usefulness in the Latvian language class in order to improve pupils’ reading literacy. The research methods include analysis of corresponding theoretical and methodological literature, a teacher survey, and processing and interpretation of the data obtained. The most appropriate methods for teaching the topic “Adjective”, according to the teachers, are the explanatory illustrating and reproductive method; whereas the documents studied concerning the introduction of competency-based education recommend mainly the heuristic and research method, and this creates a relative mutual discrepancy. To promote the pupils’ reading literacy, teachers need to explore the children’s interests and use them as the basis for creating methodological materials about adjectives which correspond to modern reality and are fascinating and interesting to pupils. Such an approach would motivate pupils to appreciate the importance of using adjectives in everyday life. In the Latvian language class, when teaching the topic “Adjective”, teachers need to try and work as counsellors, gradually guiding their pupils to achieving the goal by noticing different patterns for adjectives, like competency-based education provides.
WORK-BASED LEARNING IN THE CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Grandans Edgars
Published: September 2021

The aim of the work is to find out how work-based learning should be implemented in the training of future teachers. To achieve this goal, the literature was researched on work-based learning models, modern study environment, paradigm shift in education.A questionnaire was compiled to find out how work-based learning would be implemented at the Rezekne Academy of Technology, and students studying in one of the study programs were interviewed. Based on the theoretical findings and the findings obtained during the research, proposals for the introduction of work-based learning at the Rezekne Academy of Technology were proposed.
Viscoelastic Wave Propagation Simulation Using New Spatial Variable-Order Fractional Laplacians
Authors: Mu Xinru , Huang Jianping , Yang Jidong , Li Zhenchun , Ssewannyaga Ivan Mukiibi
Published: September 2021

Time-domain constant-Q (CQ) viscoelastic wave equations have been derived to efficiently model Q, but are known to break down in accuracy in describing CQ attenuation at low Q. In view of this, a new time-domain viscoelastic wave equation for modeling wave propagation in anelastic medium is evaluated based on Kjartansson’s CQ model to improve the accuracy in describing CQ attenuation at low Q. We use an approximate frequency-domain viscoelastic wave equation to replace the accurate frequency-domain viscoelastic wave equation. Then, a new time-domain wave equation is derived by converting the approximate viscoelastic wave equation from the frequency domain to the time domain. The newly derived viscoelastic wave equation consists of several Laplacian differential operators with variable fractional order. We use an arbitrary-order Taylor series expansion (TSE) to approximate the derived mixed domain fractional Laplacian operators, and realize the decoupling of the wavenumber and fractional order. Then, the proposed viscoelastic wave equation can be solved directly using the staggered-grid pseudospectral method (SGPSM). We evaluate the precision of the new viscoelastic wave equation by comparing the numerical solutions with the analytical solutions in homogeneous medium. Theoretical curve analysis and numerical results indicate that the proposed fractional viscoelastic wave equation has higher precision in describing CQ attenuation than that of the traditional fractional viscoelastic wave equation, especially for cases that P-wave quality factor QP is less than 10, and S-wave quality factor QS is less than 8. Furthermore, we use two numerical examples to verify the effectiveness of the TSE SGPSM in heterogeneous media. The discussion shows that the advantage of using our fractional viscoelastic wave equation over the traditional fractional viscoelastic wave equation is the higher precision in describing CQ attenuation at different frequency.
Diffraction from the PKP caustic B
Authors: Buchbinder Goetz G. R.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Long-period energy preceding the PKPDF branch on long-period seismograms was identified as resulting from diffraction from the PKP caustic B. This conclusion is based on the measurements of the travel times, and, therefore, the slope of the travel times, on the amplitude decrease, and the very rapid dispersion of the periods of one earthquake of intermediate focal depth. Data from three deepfocus earthquakes support this interpretation. Thus, the long-period precursors are not due to the same cause as short-period precursors and are not produced by discontinuities in the transition zone between the inner and outer cores nor by structure in the inner core.
Generalized ray theory for shear dislocations
Authors: Helmberger Donald V.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Generalized ray expansions of the P, SH, and SV displacement potentials resulting from a point-source dislocation are evaluated at the surface of a layered half-space. The Cagniard-de Hoop technique is used to obtain the transient response. The results of this analysis are used to construct synthetic seismograms for a shear dislocation on a vertical fault plane. Comparisons of synthetic and observed seismograms for the Borrego Mountain earthquake (April 9, 1968) at teleseismic distances indicate an equivalent point-source depth of 9 km with the far-field time function approximated by a step function with an exponential decay. This time function fits both the P and S wave forms. The apparent shift in corner frequency between the P and S waves for shallow events, as reported by some investigators, is explained by surface reflections.
Microearthquake study of the Elsinore fault zone, Southern California
Authors: Langenkam David , Combs Jim
Published: September 2021

Microearthquakes along the Elsinore fault zone, southern California, were monitored during the summer and fall of 1972. Four arrays of at least five portable, high-gain, seismographs were operated for about 12 days each from the vicinity of Corona to just north of the Mexican border. Over 5,000 hr of noisefree records were accumulated and analyzed. The recorded rates of seismic activity show a marked increase going from north to south along the fault— 0.5 events per day in the vicinity of Lake Elsinore to 3.7 events per day in the south near Monument Peak. Fifty-three events located, assuming a four-layer crustal-velocity model, show considerable scatter along the fault and are generally very shallow, averaging 3.3 km below sea level. A signal duration (D) versus magnitude (M) relationship was found: M = −1.9+2.0 log D. First motions of the located earthquakes indicate a complex pattern of faulting along the Elsinore fault zone. In comparison to the San Jacinto Fault to the east, the Elsinore Fault shows very little strike-slip displacement and is a seismically quiet area except for a localized area of east-west faulting in the far south near Vallecito Mountain.
Aftershocks of the Managua, Nicaragua, earthquake of December 23, 1972
Authors: Langer C. J. , Hopper M. G. , Algermissen S. T. , Dewey J. W.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Epicenters determined from 164 of the Managua aftershocks define two seismic zones. The primary zone, which is 15 to 20 km in length and strikes northeast along the Tiscapa-Ciudad Jardin fault system, contains 80 per cent of the aftershock locations. A subsidiary zone, northwest of Managua, suggests strain release possibly related to the north-south striking San Judas fault. Depth of foci are principally in the upper 7 km for both zones. Composite fault-plane solutions indicate a predominate left-lateral strike-slip displacement; the preferred planes for each zone agree with the strike of surface fractures or previously mapped faults.
Crustal strain measurements in Nevada
Authors: Priestley Keith
Published: September 2021

abstract

Strain measurements at two sites in central Nevada, Round Mountain and Mina, indicate that, in this area of the Basin and Range, strain rates are less than 2 × 10−6 per year. These observations are in agreement with estimated spreading rates and geodetic measurements in the Great Basin. The general agreement between strain-meter observations at Round Mountain and nearby focal mechanism solutions suggests that we are observing strain accumulation in this area. The long-term strain at Mina is more variable, but generally agrees with earthquake focal mechanism solutions. The strain rate, in conjunction with the high seismicity of the Mina area, suggests that strain has already accumulated and is presently being released through inelastic processes.
Fault parameters determined by near- and far-field data: The Wakasa Bay earthquake of March 26, 1963
Authors: Abe Katsuyuki
Published: September 2021

The source process of the Wakasa Bay earthquake (M = 6.9, 35.80°N, 135.76°E, depth 4 km) which occurred near the west coast of Honshu Island, Japan, on March 26, 1963, is studied on the basis of the seismological data. Dynamic and static parameters of the faulting are determined by directly comparing synthetic seismograms with observed seismograms recorded at seismic near and far distances. The De Hoop-Haskell method is used for the synthesis. The average dislocation is determined to be 60 cm. The overall dislocation velocity is estimated to be 30 cm/sec, the rise time of the slip dislocation being determined as 2 sec. The other fault parameters determined, with supplementary data on the P-wave first motion, the S-wave polarization angle, and the aftershocks, are: source geometry, dip direction N 144°E, dip angle 68°, slip angle 22° (right-lateral strike-slip motion with some dip-slip component); fault dimension, 20 km length by 8 km width; rupture velocity, 2.3 km/sec (bilateral); seismic moment, 3.3 × 1025 dyne-cm; stress drop, 32 bars. The effective stress available to accelerate the fault motion is estimated to be about 40 bars. The approximate agreement between the effective stress and the stress drop suggests that most of the effective stress was released at the time of the earthquake.
Prediction of peak ground motion from earthquakes
Authors: Orphal D. L. , Lahoud J. A.
Published: September 2021

A statistical analysis shows that the peak horizontal accelerations recorded from the San Fernando earthquake of February 1971 attenuate with focal distance as R−1.39. This attenuation rate is nearly identical to that reported for peak accelerations from underground nuclear explosions. Assuming that the derived attenuation is independent of source parameters and using data from a number of other California earthquakes, the scaling of peak horizontal acceleration with magnitude was determined statistically. Assuming that the attenuation of peak velocity and displacement with distance is identical for earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions, the scaling of earthquake peak velocity and displacement with magnitude was also determined. The equations resulting from these analyses are: a = 6.6 × 10−2 100.40MR−1.39, v = 7.26 × 10−1 100.52M R−1.34 and d = 4.71 × 10−2 100.57MR−1.18, where a, v, and d are maximum acceleration (g), velocity (in centimeters per second) and displacement (in centimeters), respectively, M is the local magnitude, and R is the focal distance (in kilometers). In this analysis, no attempt was made to account for effects of recording site geology.
The San Fernando earthquake and public school safety
Authors: Hudson D. E. , Jephcott D. K.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The San Fernando earthquake was an unusually valuable test of school safety because: (1) there were several hundred schools having structures of all types in the heavily shaken area, including 10 schools within 5 miles of the epicenter; (2) the severity of ground motion is believed to have been near the maximum to be expected for an earthquake of any size—a number of campuses were subjected to major ground cracking and deformation; (3) since there were many instruments in the area, the details of the earthquake ground motion are better known than for any other earthquake. On some campuses, pre-Field Act buildings, renovated pre-Field Act buildings, and new buildings existed side by side, and direct comparisons show the efficacy of the Field Act and the associated plan check and field inspection procedures in reducing the earthquake hazard to an acceptably low level. No structural failures, that would have been likely to cause serious injury or death if the buildings had been normally occupied at the time of the earthquake, occurred in any buildings built to current standards. There were, however, some failures of nonstructural elements that could have resulted in a hazardous situation and demonstrate the need for upgrading requirements in this area of building construction.
The response of a linear viscoelastic solid to a weak spherical explosion
Authors: Blake Thomas R.
Published: September 2021

abstract

We study spherical waves which are produced by a weak spherical explosion in a linear viscoelastic solid. The wave front, final displacement, and stress fields, and the large time velocity and stress signals are examined. It is shown that the large time velocity and stress signals are dominated by a wave which has the character of a diffuse N wave propagating with the equilibrium speed of sound and decaying inversely as the square of the radial distance.
Interaction of a shear wall with the soil for incident plane SH waves: Elliptical rigid foundation
Authors: Wong H. L. , Trifunac M. D.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The closed-form solution of the dynamic interaction of an elastic shear wall and the elastic homogeneous half-space, previously known only for the rigid foundation with circular cross section, has been generalized to apply for the foundation with elliptical cross section. It is shown that the interaction equation depends on the incidence angle of plane SH waves and that this dependence gradually disappears as the elliptical cross section approaches the circular one. The effectiveness with which the rigid foundation can scatter the incident energy has been found to increase with the depth of the foundation.
Reflection of SH waves from anisotropic transition layer
Authors: Thapliyal V.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The effects of anisotropy on the reflection of SH-waves (horizontally polarized shear waves) from a transition layer are studied. The transition layer is sand-wiched between two isotropic homogeneous half-spaces and is constituted by a medium which is both anisotropic and inhomogeneous. The SH-wave potentials are obtained for an anisotropic inhomogeneous medium in which both the anisotropy factor (ratio of the horizontal rigidity to the vertical rigidity) and vertical velocity vary with depth. An expression for the reflection coefficient of SH waves is obtained when the material mentioned above forms a finite transition zone between two isotropic homogeneous half-spaces. For further generalization, a second-order discontinuity along with the first-order on eis being assumed in the material properties, at the boundaries of the transition layer. The mathematical and numerical analyses show that the anisotropy factor, found at the top of the transition layer (N0/M0) produces considerable effect on the reflection coefficient for an obliquely incident SH wave. It has been noted that the greater the thickness of the transition layer, the greater is the dependence of the reflection coefficient upon the value of the anisotropy (N0/M0). The minima and maxima of the reflection of seismic energy are found dependent on the value of anisotropy. For greater values of the anisotropy, these maxima and minima shift toward the lower values of the wavelength of the propagating wave (or toward the higher values of the thickness of the transition layer). In fact, the values of the reflection coefficient at which these maxima and minima of seismic energy occur are found greater for the higher values of anisotropy. The effects of anisotropy are found more pronounced for the larger angles of incidence. This remains so until the angle of refraction becomes imaginary. However, no effects of the anistropy factor are found on the reflection coefficients for a normally incident wave. The results, mentioned above, are therefore discussed only for the obliquely incident wave. A geophysically interesting situation has been chosen for studying, quantitatively, the effects of the anisotropy factor on the reflection of SH waves.
Parkfield, California, earthquake of June 27, 1966: A three-dimensional moving dislocation
Authors: Trifunac M. D. , Udwadia F. E.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Recordings from five strong-motion accelerograph stations have been used to derive a three-dimensional dislocation model for the Parkfield Earthquake. The model consists of a buried fault which extends from a depth of 3 km to a depth of 9 km below the ground surface. It appears from the analysis, which considers various fault lengths, that the zone of significant faulting was the 20-km-long northwestern section of the fault. The rupture velocity has been found to be between 2.4 and 2.5 km/sec and the dislocation amplitudes have been found to be about 120 cm. There have been comparisons made of the model results with geodetic data on static deformations and creep measurements following the event. In contrast with several other source mechanism studies of the Parkfield event, this model yields a picture which appears to be very consistent with both the dynamic strong-motion measurements as well as the available geodetic and creep data.