bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ‘soccer war’ and the ‘city that sailed Away’: magical realism and New Journalism in the work of Ryszard Kapuscinski
Authors: Wood F.
Published: May 2013

In this article, I examine Ryszard Kapuscinski’s Another Day of Life (1987) and The Soccer War (1990). Kapuscinski is a Polish journalist who has written a number of books about his experiences as a foreign correspondent in Asia, Africa and Latin America. We encounter a range of diverse and sometimes contradictory approaches in his writing, since Kapuscinski utilises realist and fantastic, surreal, postmodern, intensely subjective techniques to convey his experiences and perceptions.As a result of his blending of realist and non-realist modes, Kapuscinki's work can be related to two important trends in contemporary literature: magical realism and New Journalism. Kapuscinski's writing illustrates certain significant points of comparison between these two approaches. These aspects of Kapuscinski's writing can, to an extent, be viewed in terms of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's concept of rhizomatics and nomadism. This article indicates that Kapuscinski's writing differs from some forms of magical realism and New Journalism in certain key respects.The significance of Kapuscinski's work lies partly in the way in which it juxtaposes and interrelates various modes, thereby challenging fixed, monologic ways of viewing events. As a result of this, his writing evades easy definitions and conclusive categorisation. Finally, one of the most striking aspects of Kapuscinki's work lies in the way in which it provides a dramatic reflection of the interface between the fantastic and reality and between the surreal, the postmodern and journalistic realism.
The moral theme in Zulu literature: a progression
Authors: Marggraff M.
Published: May 2013

A moral theme in literature is not only unique to Zulu literature. Despite the relative youth of the modern branch of Zulu literature, any observer can make the interesting and important discovery that the moral theme is predominantly conveyed by the following three literary types: the folktale, the moral story, the detective story. The folktale, belonging to traditional literature, is a very well-developed form, that formed the principal means of teaching both children and adults about good and evil. The birth of modern Zulu literature in 1930 brought with it the emergence of the moral story, a literary type in which good triumphs over evil and in which justice prevails. Further development and changes have led to the appearance of the detective story in which crimes are solved and bad people are punished. This progression has developed due to ever-changing circumstances and a need for relevance.
Die Afrikaans van Engelssprekende universiteitstudente: intertaalperspektiewe
Authors: Bosch B.
Published: May 2013

The Afrikaans of English-speaking university students: interlanguage perspectives This article examines the syntactic performance of English-speaking university students who are learning Afrikaans for academic purposes. The learners' errors are discussed within the theoretical framework of interlanguage, and special attention is given to the analysis and explanation of these errors. Finally, the advantages and practical implications of teaching Afrikaans to English-speaking university students within a contrastive interlanguage paradigm are discussed.
Women and transformation: A recurrent theme in Head and Ngugi
Authors: Cloete N.
Published: May 2013

This article evaluates, within the context of the increasingly important position assigned to African literature in general (and the novel in particular), the dominant roles played by Bessie Head and Ngugi through a focus on the significant contributions of these two writers concerning the theme of women and transformation. Although both authors put a high premium on wotnanism, showing themselves as champions of especially sexual and racial freedom for all women, their novels indicate different trends in their portrayal of this theme. Head, for instance, becomes increasingly autobiographical in her articulation of her female protagonists ’ struggle for freedom from oppression, while Ngugi tends to become increasingly politically biased in expressing his Marxist social, political and economic doctrines. This article furthermore examines the ways in which Ngugi and Head highlight different aspects of the discourse of female liberation, while also studying the dialogue of transformation and a sense of belonging. Finally, it remarks on Head's and Ngugi's aesthetic approaches to the discourse of women and transformation.
Tout-Monde, Glissant ... comme ses noms l’indiquent
Authors: Ménager S. D.
Published: May 2013

Tout-Monde, Glissant ... comme ses noms l’indiquent In the field of Caribbean literature, Edouard Glissant from Martinique occupies a unique place. His aim as stated at the beginning of his career, has been to create a supra-rational language able to reach the depths of West Indian sub-consciousness in order to free it. In one of his recent novels (Tout-Monde - 1993), the therapeutic function of his writing seems to be overcome by the task of global obscuring. The extreme complexity of the spatio and temporal structure bears witness to this point, as does the particular effort that the writer puts into his use of the names of his characters and the manner in which he plays with them. This article, though an onomastic perspective, is a census of the absence of certain names, the sophisticated jamming of others, their versatility and ever-changing nature as well as many other remarkable fluctuations which constitute a metonymy of desire: the desire to hide a secret which is perhaps the mystery of literary creation. With the help of examples taken from other Caribbean writers (Confiant, Chamoiseau), the danger of decoding what is hidden behind the mentioned names is underlined through three characters, all called Anestor. What comes out of this analysis is that the decoding is bound and meant to fail. The reader is to be lost in the labyrinth of the novel by the will of the writer. A crossed-out quotation suggests that statements, contradictions, negations are all part of a unique process which is part of the attempt to re-read the history of Creole literature and to foresee what its future might have in store.
Die identifikasie van generies onderskeidende strategieë in dramatiese kommunikasie: ’n interdlssiplinêre benadering
Authors: Anderson N-A
Published: May 2013

The identification of generically distinctive strategies in dramatic communication: an interdisciplinary approach This article is an attempt to demonstrate the identification of text strategies that enhance dramatic function in literature, i.e. strategies that confront the receiver with alternative possibilities of choice. Consequently I investigate, among others, linguistic, judicial and philosophical discourses on explicit argumentation strategies. This investigation is undertaken in order to infer analogous drama strategies with the potential to function implicitly rather than explicitly, as the informativity of literary communication appears to be relative to the degree of the implicitness of strategies employed The strategies identified are thus explained in terms of the logic of a genre model (Strydom 1996) in order to explicate their genre character. As a first step towards testing my conclusions empirically, reading reports of specific drama texts are used.
Literêre vertaling as kruiskulturele kommunikasie: Kortonnen dozen van Tom Lanoye in Afrikaans
Authors: Erasmus M.
Published: May 2013

Literary translation as cross-cultural communication: Kartonnen dozen by Tom Lanoye in Afrikaans Literary texts are more frequently translated from Afrikaans into Dutch than vice versa. The translation of the popular Flemish writer Tom Lanoye's short novel Kartonnen dozen by Daniel Hugo is indeed one of the very few examples of the latter. In this article I explore, inter alia, the politics of translation which may underlie this imbalance; literary translation as a way of "opening up" a foreign culture; the ideology of translatability. To establish whether Hugo's translation may be seen as adequate, and thus as functioning effectively within the Afrikaans (target) literary system, a comparative analysis is made of the two texts (i.e. Kartonnen dozen and Kartondose) in respect of certain textemes which I regard as imperative for the target text to convey the intention of the source text. In conclusion, I voice my opinion on a literary translation such as Kartondose and its role in the endeavour of decolonisation to resist globalisation.
Die Clarens-inspirasie en ruimtebeelding in Plek van die bruin geeste (Elsabe Steenberg)
Authors: Van der Westhuizen B. , Van der Elst J.
Published: May 2013

Clarens as literary inspiration. The depiction of space in Elsabe Steenberg’s novel Plek van die bruin geeste (Place of the brown spirits) It is clear that much of Elsabe Steen berg’s artistic work was inspired by the mountainous Clarens in the Eastern Free State. Such is the case with her 1975 novel for adults - Plek van die bruin geeste (Place of the brown spirits). In this novel a city girl is abducted by a young man, an individualistic, outsider character who wants to get money to leave South Africa for a place like an island in the Pacific where race and colour will not be of such crucial importance as in South Africa. The importance of the possibilities of inner healing of the human being by spending time in nature is represented in this novel in the finest detail in various narrative patterns. The intention of the author is represented in a fundamentalist view of reality, namely that God is the Origin, the Giver of insight into the diversity, interrelatedness and meaning of reality, and that God is the real regenerating Force.
Membraan, dialoog, Ians - Bakhtin/Venter
Authors: Viljoen H.
Published: May 2013

Membrane, dialogue, lance – Bakhtin/Venter In this article the short story “Die enigste” ("The only one") from the collection Oop toe (Open closed) (1990) by De Waal Venter is read in dialogue with Mikhail Bakhtin’s essay "From the prehistory of novelistic discourse" (1981). The citation of another’s discourse is very obvious in the story, especially in the way Leichtfinger’s theory of membranes is cited. Citing this (fictive) theory has a strong seductive appeal, and forms but part of the way the male discourse of penetration is dialogized here - i.a. in the courtly discourse the story adopts. The story in the end shows up the essence of dialogism - that is, exposing lofty discourse to the corrective of the fullness of life. The confrontation of the story with Bakhtin’s ideas, taking theory not very seriously but seriously enough, is also a plea for more space for literary-theoretical work in South Africa.
Nuwe bundels van Sheila Cussons: sprankelende poësie
Authors: Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

Met dié twee bundels word ’n besondere groeipunt in die digkuns van Sheila Cussons gemanifesteer en bevestig sy haar posisie as een van die belangrikste Afrikaanse digters van die jare sewentig. Sy doen ook weer wat sy met Die swart kombuis en die korter Verf en vlam van 1978 gedoen het: twee bundels in een jaar — hierdie keer gelyk! Dit ná die sukses van haar bundel Plektrum (1970), wat met die Ingrid Jonker-prys, die Eugene Marais-prys en die Hofmeyr-prys bekroon is, en verse van haar wat reeds dertig jaar gelede in Vaandel en voetangels verskyn het.
Breytenbach se Verlies: ‘n verhaal in spreekwoorde
Authors: Cloete T. T.
Published: May 2013

Breyten Breytenbach se “Verlies” (in Katastrofes) is effens langer as “Die boenk” uit dieselfde bundel, op die oog af effens meer verhalend as laasgenoemde maar nogtans ’n kompakte, moeilik deurdringbare vertelling. Sy kompaktheid lê gedeeltelik daarin dat die verhaal grootliks saamgestel is uit spreekwoorde of ander vaste uitdrukkings. Deurdat dit uit spreekwoorde saamgestel is, is dit ’n weinig deskriptiewe verhaal. “Door het aanhalen van een kort gezegde kan men vaak een lange redenering uitwinnen”, sê Van Dale in sy Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse taal van die gesegde — en dit is presies wat gebeur in “Verlies”: ’n aantal kort gesegdes wen in hierdie verhaal lang beskrywings uit, en sekerlik skakel dit alle redenering uit — dit gee aan die verhaal ’n maksimale direktheid.
Die kort en heel vorm van Breytenbach se Die boenk
Authors: Cloete T. T.
Published: May 2013

Dát hierdie skynbaar stukkende verhaal ’n heel struktuur het, is nie te betwyfel nie, al sou dit nog meer geraffineerd en anders wees as wat ek hierbo aangedui het. Daar is ratio in die irrasionele. Die vasstelling van ’n logiese struktuur maak die illogiese gedrag van die boenks frappant. Uit is literêr gewoon dat ’n saak ook deur sy teendeel in plaas van deur bevestiging, uitgewys word.
Ambivalence in the Christian poetry of C.S. Lewis
Authors: Smith G. M.
Published: May 2013

This article examines the ambivalence expressed in certain of the explicitly Christian poems written by C.S. Lewis. As a writer his primary claim to fame is his Christian apologetics, in spite of the fact that he is well thought of in literary circles and produced several scholarly works. In the light of his considered Christian convictions, one would expect his poetry to voice a strong faith and confidence in God However, somewhat ironically, certain of his poems reflect his struggles and doubts concerning faith in an intensely personal register. Nevertheless, in spite of his ambivalent feelings towards God, he retains the certainty that God is able to transcend his human frailty and difficulties. The problem of faith is relevant in our own time, and it therefore seems fitting that we should examine certain of C.S. Lewis's poems in commemoration of the centenary year of his birth.
Oosgrensafrikaans: ’n te eksklusiewe begrip?
Authors: Grebe H. P.
Published: May 2013

Eastern Cape Afrikaans (Oosgrensafrikaans): as concept too exclusive?Based upon historic-geographical considerations Van Rensburg (1984:514; 1989:436-467; 1990:66-67) distinguishes three early varieties of Afrikaans, i.e. Eastern Cape Afrikaans (Oosgrensafrikaans), Cape Afrikaans (Kaapse Afrikaans) and Orange River Afrikaans (Oranjerivierafrikaans). Standard Afrikaans is then considered to be based upon Eastern Cape Afrikaans. In the light of especially this last claim, the theoretical status of Eastern Cape Afrikaans becomes of paramount importance in any study delving into the development of the Afrikaans language.This article discusses the outcome of a critical analysis of relevant literature dealing with particularly Eastern Cape Afrikaans. The outcome of this analysis has indicated that the theoretical basis upon which the positing of Eastern Cape Afrikaans as an early separate variety of Afrikaans has been based, has serious theoretical flaws. A critical shortcoming of the present hypothesis bears upon the assumed geographical positioning of Eastern Cape Afrikaans. A culturally and numerically important component of the Cape Colony's burger population is seemingly not accounted for.It is suggested that the possibility of broadening the geographical base of Eastern Cape Afrikaans should be considered. Serious empirical research should also be undertaken before any claim regarding the genealogy of Standard Afrikaans could be considered at all.
Die ouderdommetafoor vanuit ’n kognitlewe vertrekpunt
Authors: Pauw M. A.
Published: May 2013

A cognitive approach to metaphors concerning old age Old age is a universal experience. Poets in general and certain Afrikaans poets in particular use imagination and metaphor to understand and interpret the experience of old age and approaching death. To understand one domain of experience in terms of another we need metaphor which unites reason and imagination. The purpose of this article is to apply the cognitive approach to disclose the main conceptual domains which act as source domains and are projected onto the target domain of old age. The resulting metaphors describe the experience of old age and its physical and psychological infirmities and decay. The poet as abstract author, but also the reader, creatively and imaginatively recognize a schema in a new situation and contrive metaphorical connections between various conceptual structures. Thus a metaphorical expression links two or more domains of experience. Structures from two or more input source domains are projected onto a separate “blended” space, which inherits structure partially from the inputs, and has emergent structure of its own. It is argued that creativity shows rationality and structure. The examples reveal that the path, cycle and time domains are the more important source domains for the old age metaphors. The metaphors do not only describe the authors' emotions on experiencing old age, but also create emotions in the reader. The conclusion arrived at is that language is inextricably entrenched in our cognitive make-up, as illustrated by the various metaphors conveying the experience of old age.
Die Dag van die Here in As Silo kom van Hennie Jones
Authors: Verster P.
Published: May 2013

The Day of the Lord in As Silo kom (When Silo comes) by Hennie JonesAs Silo kom (When Silo comes) by Hennie Jones is an important novel in view of the fact that biblical themes like those of the Messianic child and the Day of the Lord are incorporated in and dealt with extensively in the novel. The way in which the Day of the Lord is described in the Bible emphasizes that it will be a day of judgement for Israel and the other nations - a given that became a fixed concept for post-exilic prophets. The Day of the Lord, however, holds not only judgement but also salvation for Israel and the other nations. The question asked in this article is whether these functions of the Day of the Lord become clear enough in Jones' novel.
Die mites oor Afrikaans: ’n inleidende beskouing oor die persepsie van Afrikaans as onderdrukkerstaal
Authors: Verhoef M.
Published: May 2013

Myths about Afrikaans: A preliminary reflection on the perception of Afrikaans as language of oppressionThe myths surrounding Afrikaans have developed over a period of time and can be seen as unjustified assumptions which are generally accepted. The aim with this article is to provide a generic theoretical framework against which perceptions of languages can be assessed. Particular attention is also given to the analysis of the prominent stereotyped opinion of Afrikaans as language of oppression according to the given theoretical paradigm.
‘Volkshelde’: die Boerekrygerbeeld en die konstruksie van Afrikanernasionalisme
Authors: Du Pisani K.
Published: May 2013

‘Volkshelde’: The image of the Boer warrior and the construction of Afrikaner nationalismThis article deals with the way in which the heroic image of the Boer warrior, who fought in the South African War, was adapted to particular socio-political needs in different phases of the development of Afrikaner nationalism. It is indicated how, in the pre-1961 period, potentially unifying elements of the image (the freedom struggle against British imperialism, the “bittereinder” metaphor, the republican ideal, a common religion and the allegedly egalitarian nature of the commando system) were used to promote “volkseenheid”. Post-1961 texts in Afrikaans historiography and literature are analysed to indicate how the Boer warrior image has been reconceptualised. This reconseptualised image is depicted against the background of changing fortunes for the Afrikaner, to reflect transforming Afrikaner values.
Die Anglo-Boereoorlog: ’n vertekende beeld vanuit die vreemde
Authors: Van der Elst J.
Published: May 2013

The Anglo-Boer War: A distorted image from abroadThis article deals with the Dutch author Louwrens Penning (1854-1927) who wrote 18 novels on the Boer War, even though he never visited the country until 1924, long after the Anglo-Boer War had ended One of his books, entitled De held van Spionkop, is discussed as example. Penning s images of the Boer warriors and their endeavors were highly idealised and embedded in a certain view of race relations a n d war. He created idols, like the courageous boy named Blikoortjie, which became widely known among his Dutch readers, especially the Dutch youth. He facilely ignored historic facts and rather idealized a n d fantasized. His works thus became a peculiar mixture off act and fiction. Though he was not a literary master, he succeeded in writing gripping stories which were - up to a point - reprinted time and again. Through his writings he succeeded in creating a positive image of the Afrikaner which persisted in spite of the negative outcome of apartheid. Though one cannot be sure, it may even be true that Dutch immigrants came to South Africa because of a consistently positive image of Afrikaans and Afrikaans heroes as created by Penning in his books.
Also sprach Treppie: Taal en verhaal as muurpapier in Marlene van Niekerk se Triomf (of 'It’s all in the mind')
Authors: Burger W.
Published: May 2013

Also sprach Treppie; Language and narrative as wall paper in Marlene van Niekerk's Triomf (or, ‘it's all in the mind’) In Marlene van Niekerk’s Triomf “wall paper" becomes a central metaphor for the Idea that language, narratives, ideologies, religion etc. are lies, because it leads to generalisations. These generalisations deny “reality” and are in Treppie’s words “all in the mind”. Treppie’s efforts to tear down the wall paper could be described in Nietzschean terms as resistance to Apollinian veils (especially the veils of Christian national ideology) in order to expose Dionysian chaos. It is a resistance to any form of generalisation and a distrust of language. In the end Treppie turns to language (poetic language) in order to make sense of life, to lay bare the particular In poetry (literature) an intersubjectivity is discovered which subverts the possibility to deny the specificity of individuals like the Benade’s of Triomf.
Psychological afflictions as expressed in Bessie Head’s A Question of Power and Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions
Authors: Cloete N.
Published: May 2013

This article refutes the glib generalization about the lack of psychological sensitivity so often attributed to Africans by examining female suffering manifesting itself in nervous afflictions as a result of colonialism and patriarchy as portrayed in these two novels. It is argued that the overriding theme of A Question of Power (1973) is the struggle of a displaced, marginalised woman for what she perceives as her rights in a hostile world. In similar vein, Dangarembga reveals in Nervous Conditions (1988) how patriarchy coupled with colonialism, causes different kinds of psychological afflictions in her female protagonists. In this article the thematically interpretive discourse-analytical method is employed to focus on the autobiographical mode used in the novels under discussion, while special attention is paid to characterization and stylistic aspects. The investigation exposes both similarities and dissimilarities in the writers’ handling of this universal problem. Moreover, Head and Dangarembga are hailed for breaking new ground in moving beyond the confines of their own literary conventions, while simultaneously destroying the social silencing and political disenfranchisement traditionally experienced by women of colour.
Desire, gender, power, language: a psychoanalytic reading of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein
Authors: Kotze H.
Published: May 2013

Psychoanalytic literary criticism has always had a particular fascination with texts dealing with the supernatural, the mysterious and the monstrous. Unfortunately such criticism, valuable and provocative though the insights it has provided have been, has all too often treated the text as a “symptom” by which to explain or analyse an essentially extratextual factor, such as the author's psychological disposition. Many interpretations of Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein provide typical examples of this approach. Much psychoanalytic (and also feminist) criticism and interpretation of the novel have focused on the female psyche “behind” the text, showing how the psychoanalytic dynamics structuring Shelley’s own life have found precipitation in her novel. This article offers an alternative to this type of psychoanalytic reading by interpreting the novel in terms of a framework derived from Lacanian psychoanalysis, focusing on the text itself. This interpretation focuses primarily on the interrelated aspects of language, gender, desire and power as manifested in the novel, with the aim of highlighting some hitherto largely unexplored aspects of the text which may be useful in situating the text within the larger current discourse concerning issues of language and power.
Paul Slabolepszy’s angst-ridden Elvis
Authors: Van Deventer M.
Published: May 2013

Paul Slabolepszy is a popular South African playwright whose plays are enjoyed by diverse multi-cultural audiences in South Africa and all over the world. Slabolepszy’s special appeal lies in his ability to reflect in his plays an authentic South African landscape with its stormy political background, diverse cultures and inhabitants, and to evoke empathy for all of his characters within this South African milieu through a variety of comic techniques. The play, The Return of Elvis du Pisanie, first performed 10 years after Slabolepszy's breakthrough play, Saturday Night at the Palace (1985), is apolitical and focuses on the plight of a white South African male. This popular play’s appeal is universal for Slabolepszy throughout evokes empathy by comically reviving with superb conviction the nostalgia of the Elvis-era, which most people are able to understand and even identify with. Through humour which is comic, sensitive and insightful, he is able to evoke empathy for his angst-ridden main character, the typical “bloke-next-door". His combination of a surreal dimension with comic humour and pathos is able to make us laugh and even wipe away a tear in this way he also intensifies our feelings of empathy for his believable and identifiable protagonist, as he takes us on a nostalgic journey through the fifties to the present, with the legendary Elvis Presley functioning as the binding force.
Hoe om (soos iemand anders) te skryf: Oor vakmanskap en die skryf van gedigte
Authors: De Lange J.
Published: May 2013

Die skryf van dié tipe artikel is altyd ’n gevaarlike onderneming: dit is onvermydelik voorskriftelik (en as sodanig druis dit in teen alles wat ek in verband met poësie geleer het), dis beperkend, patroniserend, laat nie genoeg speelruimte vir die individuele talent nie, en is ook noodgedwonge vereenvoudigend van iets so kompleks soos die skryf van ’n gedig. Daar is geen reëls in die poësie nie. Wys my 'n reël en ek wys jou ’n gedig wat dit skitterend oortree. Ek storm nietemin in waar engele huiwer om voet neer te sit, want ek glo dat niks op aarde werklike talent kan onderkry nie.
Jou boek hoef nie af te tjop nie! Aspekte van die skryfpraktyk
Authors: Weideman G.
Published: May 2013

Skryfpraktyk is ’n woord wat my geval. Skryfpraktyk impliseer immers dat skrywers hulle nie net, soos askete, met geheimsinnige meditasies of afgesonderde laboratoriumwerk besig hou nie. Die eise van die tyd het só verander dat die skrywer veel nader aan die leserspubliek staan as voorheen.
Die romanse en romantiese karakters
Authors: Paul C.
Published: May 2013

André Jute sê ter inleiding van sy boek Writing a Thriller: In this book I intend to provide you with 0.9% of the fabric that makes up a published writer; that is the most help anyone can realistically offer the aspiring writer. The rest of the whole writer is made up of 0,1% communicative ability, often miscalled 'talent’, and the remaining 99,0% is the balance of genius and perspiration, though I shall call it perseverance because that more aptly describes the writer’s condition.
Karakters vir jeugdige lesers
Authors: Greyling S. F. , Du Plessis H.
Published: May 2013

Characters for young readers In discussions on the nature of children and youth literature, various aspects occur repeatedly. The presumption that these aspects are also factors that exert a meaningful influence on the characters in the genre is largely confirmed by research. Based on developmental characteristics, 11-14 year-olds are identifiable as a group with a unique profile. From this it follows that a relationship between the reader profile en genre conventions can be indicated and that it can be applied specifically to character as an element of the narrative. Characteristic genres and genre conventions establish a framework of expectations within the reader, which co-determines the selection, creation and portrayal of characters. The social cognitive development of the young reader appears to be of special importance in character portrayal. Reader identification with characters largely contributes to reader involvement and to the pleasure a young reader derives from the reading of stories. As a result of the educational situatedness of the young reader, ideology plays an important role in literature for the young. Successful characters have always been regarded as important in ensuring the success of a story. Through selection and the equipping of characters, and by means of portrayal, the writer can work towards this aim.
’n Geselekteerde bibliografie vir skryfkuns
Authors: Du Plessis H.
Published: May 2013

A selected bibliography for the art of writing
Crossing spatial and temporal boundaries: Three women in search of a future
Authors: Wenzel M.
Published: May 2013

The past has become a focal point in contemporary South African discourse, in public debate, newspaper articles and various forms of literature. South African literature written during the eighties and nineties, in particular English and Afrikaans novels, effectively portray this climate of confrontation and reconciliation by engaging in dialogue with the past and history. This article traces the evolution of political consciousness in the female protagonists of A Sport of Nature (1987) by Nadine Gordimer, Die reise van Isobelle (1996) by Elsa Joubert and Imaginings of Sand (1997) by André Brink. All three novelists subvert the traditional stereotypes of white women: Gordimer in an ironic quasi-picaresque form, Joubert by staging a family saga that assumes a testimonial quality and Brink in a fictionalised meta-history of women interwoven with strands of magic realism. The novels all engage with history, and in particular the role of women in history, in a constructive manner and attempt to anticipate a positive scenario for the future.
Translating poetry: Creative art or semantic science? A case study
Authors: Beckett C.
Published: May 2013

There is an on-going debate as to the real value of translation: is it an art or a science? Is the translator engaged in genuine creation or is she merely transliterating the creation of someone else? In order to attempt to resolve this long-standing and thorny problem, this article examines the poet’s understanding of the “logos", the creative force of the word and the relationship which exists between the “signifiant" and the “signifié”. Extracts from poems by Alan Paton, Victor Hugo and Pablo Neruda serve to illustrate that poetic words not only transmit the poet’s experience but actually create it. If the poet is sensitive to the creative nature of language, as these two extracts suggest he should be, it follows logically that a good translator too must be aware of the degree to which language can create, and this perception must be implemented in the subsequent translation. Because only human beings and not machines possess sensitivity, it stands to reason that a machine is incapable of effectively translating the most emotional of literary genres: poetry. So as to illustrate this fact, this article compares and contrasts a computer-generated translation of Paul Verlaine's poem “Chanson d’automne" with three “human-generated” translations. In my own translation, comments and justifications are made as to the choice of a particular word or phrase proposed as translation. The conclusion is reached that translation implies a high degree of sensitivity towards the poet’s original intention as well as a collaborative process between poet and translator which results in an entirely new poem which involves as much, but different creativity as the original writing of the poem.
The war poems of Mongane Serote: The Night Keeps Winking and A Tough Tale
Authors: Hlabane D. M.
Published: May 2013

For many South Africans who saw themselves as victims of a racist society, the twentieth century was a period of one hundred years of political turmoil and segregation. Representations of racism and the kinds of subjects it created were provided by various writers during specific historical periods. I consider the 1980s as a period in which the political conflict between the repressive white state and those who wanted change was largely undertaken through violence. This article therefore looks at the depiction of violence in Mongane Serote’s poems of the 1980s - The Night Keeps Winking (1982) and A Tough Tale (1987). As its title suggests, the article analyses these poems as “war poems”. It focuses on the political themes Serote develops in the poems. The Night Keeps Winking (1982) and A Tough Tale (1987) offer horrifying images of war and the senseless bloodletting characteristic of South African life in the 1980s. These poems, as the article will show, reveal how people's lives were damaged by the apartheid state to the extent that many people resorted to violence as a method of liberation.
Thomas Mann: Tonio Kröger, 'n Struktuuranalise
Authors: Tönsing L. R.
Published: May 2013

Die kontras en tweespalt: kunstenaarskap teenoor burgerlike eksistensie het ná ETA Hoffman net geringe betekenis in die Duitse letterkunde van die negentiende eeu gehad, daar sowel die Realiste as die Naturaliste hulself as burgers ervaar en aanvaar het.
Die kritiese taak van die literator
Authors: Combrink A. L.
Published: May 2013

Die beoefening van die literêre kritiek was aanvanklik slegs ’n deeltydse aktiwiteit. Die vroegste literêre kritici was nie as sodanig kritici nie maar het as deel van hulle totale intellektuele aktiwiteit hulle ook uitgelaat oor die letterkunde. Die motivering wat hulle hiertoe gehad het sou in ons dag heeltemal verdag voorkom: ’n uitgesproke didaktiese of moraliserende houding was die reel.
Lifeview and perception of message in drama
Authors: Van Rensburg P.
Published: May 2013

One would have thought that after nearly nineteen centuries Christianity should have arrived at a generally acceptable point of view regarding the true status of the arts in a Christian community. If one looks, however, at the often vicious quarreling in our own day not only between Christian and non-Christian but often also between Christian and Christian, on matters pertaining to the religious nature, aim and methods of the arts, then it would seem as if the age-old controversy between church and the arts has not been resolved by a long shot.
Vryheid en gebondenheid van die letterkunde in ’n plurale gemeenskap
Authors: Swanepoel J.
Published: May 2013

Die vraag stuk van die vryheid en gebondenheid van die letterkunde was deur die eeue been “n omstrede onderwerp en dit is des te meer omstrede wanneer die vryheid en gebondenheid van die letterkunde in ’n plurale gemeenskap in oënskou geneem word.
Literêre verweer teen sentimentaliteit: Ontginning van oermotiewe in Melk (Elsa Joubert)
Authors: Jooste E.
Published: May 2013

Elsa Joubert hou haar in Melk besig met fasette van die saambestaan van verskillende groepe mense in Afrika, dikwels Suid-Afrika. A1 die verhale in hierdie bundel het duidelike lokale verwysing en by heelwat is rasseproblematiek onder die vergrootglas. Tematies bied die verhale dus uit en uit aktualiteitsprosa en daarby is dit aktualiteite met gevoelige assosiasies, temas wat maklik oorgevoelig benader kan word.
Arthur Rimbaud: French symbolist
Authors: Raats Y.
Published: May 2013

Rimbaud as a poet occupies a unique position in the history of French literature and with his theory of poetry he greatly influenced not only the Symbolist movement of which he was one of the chief initiators, but all of contemporary poetry.
Early Medieval stylistic rhetoric
Authors: Van der Walt A. G.P.
Published: May 2013

According to the well-known expert on medieval rhetoric, James J. Murphy, the three typical medieval forms of rhetoric are the art of letter writing, the art of preaching and the art of poetry (Murphy, 1971, p. xv). In this paper we are concerned only with the second of these arts, namely, the rhetoric of preaching. Though the perceptive treatises on the rhetoric of preaching, the so-called artes praedicandi, did not originate before the thirteenth century, pulpit rhetoric was very much alive in the earlier part of the Middle Ages and fine examples of this kind of eloquence can be quoted.
The image of absence and the politics of naming in Shona war fiction
Authors: Chigidi Willie L. , Mutasa Davie E.
Published: May 2013

During Zimbabwe’s liberation war thousands of young people crossed into neighbouring countries to take up arms to fight and end colonialism. There is sufficient evidence that many of these young people were women. Political rhetoric also maintains that women fought alongside their male counterparts. However, in the Shona literature that depicts Zimbabwe’s guerrilla war there is a glaring absence of female characters who play the roles of guerrilla fighters. This article is an attempt to discuss this absence and to explain why there are very few guerrilla girls in Shona war fiction. The article argues that female guerrillas are not given much space in Shona war novels because the writers of these novels continue the oral folktale tradition in which women are rarely made heroines. It is further argued that in the actual guerrilla war of the 1970s female guerrillas were rarely seen fighting at the war front, that the pioneer guerrillas were men and that the masculine discourse about the war excluded women. Moreover, only men have written Shona war novels.
Die vergangklikheidsmotief in die poësie van C. Louis Leipoldt
Authors: Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

As ’n mens terugkyk op ’n voltooide oeuvre van die belang en omvang van dié van Leipoldt, dan lê dit voor die hand dat jy hom of opnuut sal probeer tipeer, of opnuut sal probeer evalueer. Ek meen laasgenoemde word vanjaar aan ’n breë front gedoen. Daarom aanvaar ek as opdrag om sy poësie te tipeer uit 'n hoek wat vir my relevant lyk.
Aanspreekvorme in die poësie
Authors: Wybenga D. M.
Published: May 2013

By die deurblaai van die Groot Verseboek (hierna GV) is dit opvallend dat daar so baie keer van aanspreekvorme in gedigte gebruik gemaak word. Van die heel eerste gedig wat daarin opgeneem is, naamlik Klaas Geswind en sy perd (p. 1) tot ’n gedig van die laaste opgenome digter, André le Roux, (struisbaai-blues, p. 506), gebruik digters telkens hierdie taalmiddel om een of ander spesifieke effek te verkry.
Shakespeare and Stoppard: Chess and Diabolo
Authors: Claassen B.
Published: May 2013

Hamlet must he given the first word in this, because he underlines the intricacy of the creation with whom one is concerned here, i.e. man. Trying to outline, interpret and contrast the representative literary works of two vastly differing); ages may well be considered the task of a lifetime. Shakespeare’s Hamlet may be considered as representative of the drama of the Elizabethan age, while Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead and dogg's Hamlet are representative of contemporary drama.
A re-examination of ‘form and meaning’ in Camus’ Le Malentendu
Authors: Marie C. P.
Published: May 2013

It would be legitimate to argue that the interpretations of Le Malentendu which I have read seemed to be somehow unrealistic and that perhaps a re-evaluation was needed. “Camus himself remarked that he considered the play to have been a failure for the simple reason that everybody he met kept asking him what he meant. If they needed to ask, he argued, then the play itself was not clear, and he had not been successful as a playwright”, wrote Philip Thody. The play seemed therefore open to various interpretations. The second point that attracted me was that, according to one of his critics, “Camus had never cut himself off from conversation with Christian thinkers but stood in a relation of tension to Christianity”.
Toegepaste Linguistiek as dissipline
Authors: Van der Walt J. L.
Published: May 2013

Die Toegepaste Linguistiek is ’n relevante en beroepsgerigte studierigting wat tans baie veld wen. Daar is op die oomblik (1983) sewe universiteite in Suid-Afrika wat kursusse in hierdie rigting aanbied, waarvan die PU vir CHO die jongste is. Dit is slegs in die afgelope vier jaar dat die Toegepaste Linguistiek sy kinderskoene hier ontgroei het, hoewel dit reeds in 1946 vir die eerste keer as 'n universiteitsdissipline aan die Universiteit van Michigan in die VSA erken is. In Brittanje is die School for Applied Linguistics in 1958 aan die Universiteit van Edinburgh in die lewe geroep, en sedertdien het die dissipline met rasse skrede gegroei.
Opening and closing formulae in Tswana folktales: A structural and functional analysis
Authors: Swanepoel S. A.
Published: May 2013

Opening and closing formulae are acknowledged by many research workers and specialists of folktales. It is therefore a pity that although most researchers have recognized it, here is a tendency to neglect the layout of the structure and the functions played by the formulae. In this discussion attention will be paid to the structure and the various functions of the formulae, because the opening and closing formulae, as a unity, constitute one of the main structural features of folktales.
Taalverwerwing (vreemde taal): neurofisiologiese beskouinge
Authors: Du Plessis M. J.H.
Published: May 2013

Die kliniese en fisiologiese belangslelling in taal het begin met die pionierswerk van Paul Broca (1824-1888) (Bouton, 1974 : 115, 153) wat in 1860 ontdek het dat die motorise spraaksentrum in die derde linkervoorhoofs- winding van die brein gelokaliseer kan word. Die werk van Broca het daartoe gelei dat ’n kliniese belangstelling in taal onlstaan het, om dat daar spoedig besef is dat taal ’n gegewe bied, ’n eenheid vorm wat groot moontlikhede inhou vir kliniese waarneming en studie. By die idee van taal as kommunikasiemedium ontstaan ook die besef van taal as ekspressie, as gebaar of verlengstuk van die liggaam wat daarop ingestel is om in te lig. Taal is dan dit wat uit die mens voortkom wanneer hy hom wil uitdruk of veruitwendig, wanneer hy wil inlig of kommunikeer. Sodra hierdie materie van die geuite taal tot ons kom, kan ons die intrinsieke waarde daarvan bestudeer deur op die spraak in sy ontwikkeling te let. Die gesproke taal kan dus vanuit ’n psigo-fisiologiese kant bekyk word.
Die naamwoordgedrag in Jan Rabie: Drie kaalkoppe eet tesame
Authors: Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

Wat hier onder die loep geneem word, is die besondere verband wat die titel van die verhaal met die teks vertoon - meer: dat die implisiete outeur in die titel die prinsipe lê vir die woordgedrag in die teks. Dit lê opgesluit in die woord “kaalkoppe”, wat sinekdogeïes (Gr. syn + ekdokhe = saam opneem) na persone verwys. Dus ’n woord wat konvensioneel na ’n gedeelte verwys, word geibruik om na ’n geheel te verwys; ’n woord wat konvensioneel vir een begrip gebruik word, word gebruik om na ’n ander te verwys, soos in die ander soorte metonimie (naamverwisseling). Deur met ’n woord vir ’n deel na ’n geheel te verwys kondig die implisiete outeur in die titel, wat tradisioneel 'n keinagtige samevatting van die teks is, 'n werkwyse vir die woordhantering in die verhaal aan.
Eine Interpretation von Heinrich Bölls Roman Und sagte kein einziges Wort
Authors: Roets C. E.
Published: May 2013

Wenn Fred Bogner nach langem Vagabundieren schließlich den Entschluß faßt, ‘nach Hause’ zu gehen, so haftet dem Schluß des Böllschen Romans, Und sagte kein einziges Wort, wohl ein Hauch der Romantik an, der die Beurteilung dieses Romans kompliziert, weil die pointierte Wende in radikalem Widerspruch zum Wesen Fred Bogners als Vagabunden steht.
Sintaktiese ontleding van poësie
Authors: Van Rooy H. F.
Published: May 2013

Die afgelope dekade het die sintaktiese ontleding van prosa en poësie al hoe meer aandag begin kry in die Ou-Testamentiese wetenskap in Suid-Afrika.
Die godsdiensgegewe in twee romans van Berta Smit
Authors: Van der Elst E. A.
Published: May 2013

Die verskyningsdatum van haar debuutwerk, Die vrou en die bees gee aan Berta Smit ’n plek tussen die Sestigers. In werklikheid het haar werke egter raakpunte met die sogenaamde Ouer prosa sowel as met die Nuwer prosa. Soos die meeste prosawerke voor Sestig gaan haar romans uit van ’n vaste norm, naamlik die Christelike.
Tipering as literatuurwetenskaplike beskrywingsmetode
Authors: Van der Merwe T.
Published: May 2013

Uit die lees van resensies en literêre beskouinge van die afgelope twee tot Drie dekades blyk dit dat resensente en kritici ’n probleem ondervind om die moderne Afrikaanse kort prosastuk te tipeer. Waar Afrikaanse kort prosastukke voor die verskyning van 21 van Jan Rabie in 1956, maklik as “kortverhaal”, “skets”, “essay” of “novelle” getipeer kon word, is dit blykbaar deesdae al moeiliker om hulle te kategoriseer. Chris Barnard (1973:91) voer ’n moontlike rede hiervoor aan as hy sê: “Die vorm het vloeibaarder geword ... die grondstof (het) in die meeste gevalle verander.”
Waarheid en Leuen: ’n Etiese Studie
Authors: Buys P. W.
Published: May 2013

Die Psalmdigter se: alle mense is leuenaars (Ps. 116:11). Die Psalmdigter is ’n mens. Dus, die Psalmdigter is ’n leuenaar.
Natur- Und Kulturkatastrophe in Heinrich von Kleists Novelle Das Erdbeben in Chili
Authors: Tönsing L. R.
Published: May 2013

In seiner a u f weniger als 20 Seiten verdichtetcn Schicksalsnovelle Das Erdhehen in Chili setzt Kleist sich mit seinem Rousseau-Erlebnis auseinander. Um das nach Gebühr würdigen zu können, wollcn wir einen kurzen Blick auf seinen Werdegang werfen.
Die Godsdiensgegewe in Enkele Hoogtepunte in die prosa van J. van Melle
Authors: Van der Elst E. A.
Published: May 2013

Die prosawerk van Johannes van Melle is groot in kwantiteit, maar nie altyd kwaliteit nie. Ondanks die ongelyke gehalte van sy oeuvre is die roman Bart Net en van die kortverhale soos “Oom Karel neem sy geweer saam”, Oom Daan en die dood”, en “Oom Diederick leer om te huil” , literere pieke in die Ouer Afrikaanse Prosa. Hulle sal selfs ’n toets aan huidige standaarde goed deurstaan.
Die resensent as deel van die literêre kommunikasieproses
Authors: Van Coller H. P.
Published: May 2013

Die leser neem vandag ’n belangrike plek in binne literatuurondersoek; in baie resente literêre benaderings word hy trouens sentraal geplaas. 'n Hele ontwikkelingsgang voltrek hom sodoende op die gebied van die literatuurteorie in die afgelope hondcrd jaar: die fokus verskuif van die outeur (positivisme) na die teks (outonomisme) en uiteindelik na die leser. Dit is toe te skryf aan die besef dat 'n literêre teks ’n artefakt is wat deur 'n leser omskep word tot ’n estetiese objek en dal ’n literêre teks se bestaan belangrike ontologiese vrae oproep: onafhanklik van ons belewing daarvan bestaan die teks nie werklik nie. Lesers kan vandag in twee kategorieë verdeel word, nl. passiewe lesers wat hul leeservaring nie openbaar maak nie, en sg. aktiewe lesers wat hul resepsie wel verwoord. Die laasgenoemde groep word weer verdeel in produktiewe lesers en reproduserertde lesers. Ons laat die produktiewe lesers wat nuwe literêre tekste skep, verder ter syde; reproduserende lesers interesseer ons juis omdat hulle hul resepsies verwoord in die vorm van wetenskaplike analises, voordragte en resensies.
Brandpunte van omstredenheid in die Liewe Heksie-reeks van Verna Vels
Authors: Van der Westhuizen B.
Published: May 2013

Omstrede kinderlektuur is nie iets nuuts nie. Reeds in die agtiende-eeuse Aulklärung is sprokies afgekeur en die Puriteine het kinderliteratuur verdoem wat nie Christelik-piëtistiese waardes geadem het nie. Die verskeidenheid vorme wal omstrede kinderliteratuur kan aanneem, is legio. Dit sluit onder andere verskilpunte in betreffende sosiale omstandighede, politiek, godsdiens en literêre norme. Kinderliteratuur kan dus aan verskillende soorte kritiek onderwerp word, afhangende van die lewens-beskoulike vertrekpunte van die kritikus.