bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Hierarchical Flower Shaped PbS Crystals via Hydrothermal and Microwave Routes
Authors: Bhambhani P. , Kabra K. , Kumar D. , Sharma G. , Sharma B.K.
Published: May 2015

PbS crystals of different morphologies and sizes were prepared by the reaction of lead acetate (Pb (CH3COO)2) and thiourea (CH4N2S) using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant through hydrothermal and microwave methods. In hydrothermal process, reaction was carried out for different reaction time. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the reaction method and reaction time play important role on the evolution of morphologies and sizes of PbS micro/nanocrystals.
Effect of Cutting Parameters on the Quality of the Machined Surface of Cu-Zn-Al Shape Memory Alloy, SMA
Authors: Zaid Adnan I.O. , Al-Qawabah S.M.A.
Published: May 2015

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are now widely used in many industrial and engineering applications e.g. in aircrafts, space vehicles, robotics and actuators. However the available literature reveals that little or no work is published on the machinability of these alloys. In this paper, the effect of the main cutting parameters namely: cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate on the surface quality of the machined surface of the Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy both in the cast and after direct extrusion using a CNC milling is investigated. The cutting speed was varied from 750 to 2000 rpm , the depth of cut was varied from 1 to 4 mm and the feed rate was varied from 100 to 250 mm/min. Furthermore, the general microstructure, the mechanical behavior and hardness of the Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy both in the cast and after direct extrusion are determined and discussed. It was found that the best achieved surface quality in this SMA, machined within the different investigated cutting conditions is 0.13 microns at cutting speed of 750 rpm, 1 mm depth of cut and 150 mm/min. feed rate, which is better than the surface quality achieved in other materials at the same cutting conditions.
Modeling of Sheet Carrier Density, DC and Transconductance of Novel InxAl1-XN/GaN-Based HEMT Structures
Authors: Mohankumar N. , Mohanbabu A. , Baskaran S. , Anandan P. , Anbuselvan N. , Bharathi Vikkiraman P.
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we propose a physics-based analytical model of novel InAlN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) by considering the quasi-triangular quantum well with minimal empirical parameters. The derived model is compared for different short and long gate length devices. The results are calibrated and verified with experimental data over a full range for gate and drain applied voltages. Significant improvement in ns, drain Current, and transconductance are observed for InAlN HEMT making it suitable for nanoscale and microwave analysis in circuit design. Therefore, the proposed model can deal directly with device/physical parameters, and it can be expressed by a very small number of model parameters.
Structure Analyses of Experimental Welds Designed for Repair Welding of VVER 1000 Presssure Vessel
Authors: Matějová Miroslava , Jandová Dagmar , Kasl Josef
Published: May 2015

Microstructural analysis and microhardness measurement of experimental repair weld joints were carried out in heat affected zone (HAZ) of the base material (BM) – steel 15Ch2NMFA after weld deposition of several layers by welding metal of Inconel FM 52. A temper bead welding (TBW) technique was used. Required microhardness up to 350 HV0.1 in heat affected zone of base material in distance 0.5 mm from fusion line was exceeded in all three experimental blocks with various welding energy inputs during deposition of three or five weld layers. Metallography showed reaustenitization and structure transformation in HAZ after the deposit of first layer in all three blocks. After deposit of the last layer the structure of HAZ in two blocks was tempered only and one variant of them have been recommended for futher technological tests. Structure of HAZ of the third block was not full tempered even after the last layer deposit.
Influence of Microstructural Changes in Creep Resistant Steel after Long-Term Creep Tests on the Shape of the Polarization Curves
Authors: Sladká Jana , Jandová Dagmar , Chvostová Eva
Published: May 2015

Creep resistance of the steel depends on chemical and structural composition and structural stability. Therefore it is necessary to check microstructural changes in material during the long-term service, however the necessary material analyses are generally destructive. The submitted contribution describes non-destructive electrochemical method for detection of some microstructural changes taking place during creep exposures. The shape of polarization curves are correlated to the microstructure of CB2 steel, the most promissing (9-12) %Cr martensitic steel for the cast components. The dynamic polarization curves were measured using samples in as received conditions and after long-term creep tests at 650°C. Microstructure was analysed using light and electron microscopy. The microstructure of the CB2 steel changed during creep exposures. In polarization curves additional peak appeared in the main passivation region and the curve shape changed also in the secondary passivation region. The curve changed in dependence on precipitation and growth of Laves phase particles.
The Influence of Oxygen on Mechanical Properties of Ti35Nb6Ta Alloy
Authors: Hnilica František , Málek Jaroslav , Veselý Jaroslav
Published: May 2015

The β – Ti alloy with 35 wt. % Nb and 6 wt. % with various oxygen addition (between 0.05 and 0.8 wt. %) has been studied in this work. The alloy was arc melted in a protective atmosphere of helium into water cooled copper crucible. Subsequently the material was thermo-mechanically treated (i.e. homogenized, hot forged, solution treated and cold swaged). Samples of the alloy with the lowest oxygen content were also subjected to aging treatment 450°C for 8 hours. The yield stress Rp0.2, tensile strength (Rm), elongation (A), reduction area (Z) and Young's modulus (E) depending on the oxygen content and on microstructure were studied. Also the microstructure analysis by using the light and electron microscopy has been performed.

Small oxygen addition increases both yield and tensile strength in cold swaged or solution treated conditions. The same can be also said in a lesser extent about Young’s modulus. The decrease in elongation is more distinct for oxygen addition higher than 0.5 wt. %. The oxygen content in this alloy should not exceed this value for practical applications. The increase of strength due to precipitation strengthening leads to significant increase in modulus in comparison with strengthening caused by oxygen addition (when comparing similar strength values achieved).
Kerk en teologiese opleiding in ’n post-Christelike wêreld
Authors: Venter Rian
Published: May 2015

No abstract available
Bybelstudie vir studente en jongmense om tot ’n lewende verhouding met God te groei
Authors: Steyn Ruan
Published: May 2015

No abstract available
The Utilization of System Dynamics in the Environment: an Example of Waste Management from the City of Znojmo
Authors: Plaček Michal , Půček Milan , Čurda Stanislav
Published: May 2015

This article deals with applying modern methods of management, particularly benchmarking and system dynamics, to the area of waste management for the city Znojmo. Within the analysis, we focus on the following specific aims: (1) carry out an analysis of waste management utilizing benchmarking, (2) analyze the produced amount of biodegradable waste in Znojmo, (3) describe particular sub-models in relation to biodegradable waste and establish a system dynamic model for dealing with biodegradable waste, which is based on following sub-models. We utilized the following methods: an analysis of resources, benchmarking, structured interviews with experts, objectification of the analysis, and system dynamics modeling of the process. The results are in addition to the analyzed data and applied benchmarking , in particular the diagram of causal loops, which can serve as a tool for a dynamic model and finally help to alert the responsible managers to the basic causalities and links in extremely complex systems such as waste management.
Mandibular Tori as Bone Grafts: An Alternative Treatment for Periodontal Osseous Defects — Clinical, Radiographic and Histologic Morphology Evaluation
Authors: Hassan Khalid S , Al-Agal Adel , Abdel-Hady Adel I , Swelam Wael M , Elgazzar Reda F
Published: May 2015

Objectives

The present study was designed to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and histochemical significance of using the mandibular tori as autogenous bone graft for treatment of intraosseous defects in patients with chronic periodontitis.

Materials and methods

Twenty-eight sites from 14 patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. Each patient was treated with split mouth design; one site received torus mandibularis bone graft and the other site received a full-thickness flap alone. Histopathologic assessment was evaluated on removal of torus mandibularis to evaluate its histologic structure and by the end of the study 9 month later. Clinical and radiographic parameters were re-evaluated at 3 months interval for 1 year.

Results

The results of the present study revealed significant gain in the clinical attachment level (CAL) (88.4%, 4.53 ± 0.06 mm) for torus mandibularis sites compared to (39.7%, 2.01 ± 0.04 mm) for full-thickness flap. Moreover, there was a reduction in the probing pocket depth (PPD) of (75.4%, 5.75 ± 0.12 mm) for torus mandibularis sites and (49.6%, 3.73 ± 0.14 mm) for sites treated with a full-thickness flap only; CAL and PPD differences were significant at p-value .0.01. Concomitantly, significant radiographic increase in the bone height and density were recorded in the test group.

Conclusion

The use of mandibular tori as autogenous bone graft could provide benefits as a periodontal therapeutic modality and enhance regenerative potential of periodontal intraosseous defects.

How to cite this article

Hassan KS, Al-Agal A, Abdel-Hady AI, Swelam WM, Elgazzar RF. Mandibular Tori as Bone Grafts: An Alternative Treatment for Periodontal Osseous Defects — Clinical, Radiographic and Histologic Morphology Evaluation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):192-200.
Eradication of Gastric Helicobacter pylori ameliorates Halitosis and Tongue Coating
Authors: Zaric Svetislav , Bojic Bozidar , Popovic Branka , Milasin Jelena
Published: May 2015

Background

The influence of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection on the development of oral pathoses remains unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of gastric H. pylori infection on occurrence of halitosis and coated tongue.

Materials and methods

Ninety-eight patients with dyspepsia were included in the study and their salivary samples and gastric biopsies were analyzed for the presence of H. pylori by Nested-PCR. Halitosis and coated tongue were assessed at the initial examination and 3 months after systemic eradication therapy against H. pylori.

Results

Gastric biopsies of 66 patients were positive for H. pylori. Only one saliva sample was H. pylori positive. At initial examination, halitosis was observed in 20 patients (30.3%) out of 66 who had gastric H. pylori infection and in only 3 patients (9.4%) out of 32 without H. pylori infection (p = 0.0236). Coated tongue was diagnosed in 18 (27.2%) patients with the infection compared to only 2 (6.25%) patients negative for gastric H. pylori (p = 0.0164). Patients with gastric infection were treated with the triple eradication therapy (Amoxicillin, Clarythromycin, Pantoprazol) and their gastric biopsies and oral status were examined 3 months later. Halitosis was significantly more prevalent in the group of patients with persistent H. pylori infection (42.1%) compared to only 6.4% of patients in the group where infection was successfully eradicated (p = 0.0012). Coated tongue was diagnosed in 47.4% of patients where H. pylori was still present after eradication therapy and in only 6.4% where eradication succeeded (p = 0.0003).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that eradication of gastric H. pylori significantly alleviates halitosis and coated tongue, the two oral conditions that may be considered as extragastric manifestations of this common chronic bacterial infection.

How to cite this article

Zaric S, Bojic B, Popovic B, Milasin J. Eradication of Gastric Helicobacter pylori ameliorates Halitosis and Tongue Coating. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):205-209.
Anterior Open Bite treated with Myofunctional Therapy and Palatal Crib
Authors: Asiry Moshabab A
Published: May 2015

This case report demonstrates the treatment effects of palatal crib combined with the myofunctional therapy in a child with anterior open bite (AOB) due to thumb sucking and habitual anterior and low tongue position. The patient, an 11-year-old boy, had an anterior open bite and flared and spaced upper and lower incisors. Palatal cribs in conjunction with myofunctional therapy were used to discourage sucking habit and to adapt normal tongue position. Successful correction of the AOB with adequate overjet and overbite were achieved with total treatment time of 7 months. The importance of myofunctional therapy in adopting normal tongue position and in maintaining the stability of open bite correction is emphasized.

How to cite this article

Asiry MA. Anterior Open Bite treated with Myofunctional Therapy and Palatal Crib. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):243-247.
Diaphonization: A Recipe to Study Teeth
Authors: Khan Farhan Raza , Rehman Kiran , Habib Sadia
Published: May 2015

Aim

There are various techniques to study root canal morphology and diaphonization is one of them. There are various methods of decalcification and diaphonization, cited in literature and the main aim of this paper was to give a brief account of the various techniques and share our experience of the technique at a teaching institution in Karachi, Pakistan.

Materials and methods

Diaphonization is one of the oldest methods and is based on decalcification of teeth followed by clearing and dye penetration. The specimen is later studied under microscope without sectioning.

Results

After the process of clearing a three-dimensional (3D) structure of the internal canal anatomy was visible with naked eye.

Conclusion

This paper entails a detailed historical background as well as the author's technique including percentages of various chemicals used and the timing of immersion of teeth into these agents.

Clinical significance

The read out is simple and can be subjected to interpretation by direct observation under microscope and can be helpful for students undertaking research in not only the discipline of dentistry but also in other fields such as botany and zoology.

How to cite this article

Rehman K, Khan FR, Habib S. Diaphonization: A Recipe to Study Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):248-251.
A novel methodology for large-scale daily assessment of the direct radiative forcing of smoke aerosols
Authors: Sena E. T. , Artaxo P.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. A new methodology was developed for obtaining daily retrievals of the direct radiative forcing of aerosols (24h-DARF) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) using satellite remote sensing. Simultaneous CERES (Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System) shortwave flux at the top of the atmosphere and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals were used. To analyse the impact of forest smoke on the radiation balance, this methodology was applied over the Amazonia during the peak of the biomass burning season from 2000 to 2009. To assess the spatial distribution of the DARF, background smoke-free scenes were selected. The fluxes at the TOA under clean conditions (Fcl) were estimated as a function of the illumination geometry (θ0) for each 0.5° × 0.5° grid cell. The instantaneous DARF was obtained as the difference between the clean (Fcl (θ0)) and the polluted flux at the TOA measured by CERES in each cell (Fpol (θ0)). The radiative transfer code SBDART (Santa Barbara DISORT Radiative Transfer model) was used to expand instantaneous DARFs to 24 h averages. This new methodology was applied to assess the DARF both at high temporal resolution and over a large area in Amazonia. The spatial distribution shows that the mean 24h-DARF can be as high as −30 W m−2 over some regions. The temporal variability of the 24h-DARF along the biomass burning season was also studied and showed large intraseasonal and interannual variability. We showed that our methodology considerably reduces statistical sources of uncertainties in the estimate of the DARF, when compared to previous approaches. DARF assessments using the new methodology agree well with ground-based measurements and radiative transfer models. This demonstrates the robustness of the new proposed methodology for assessing the radiative forcing for biomass burning aerosols. To our knowledge, this is the first time that satellite remote sensing assessments of the DARF have been compared with ground-based DARF estimates.
Round-robin evaluation of nadir ozone profile retrievals: methodology and application to MetOp-A GOME-2
Authors: Keppens A. , Lambert J.-C. , Granville J. , Miles G. , Siddans R. , van Peet J. C. A. , van der A R. J. , Hubert D. , Verhoelst T. , Delcloo A. , Godin-Beekmann S. , Kivi R. , Stübi R. , Zehner C.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. A methodology for the round-robin evaluation and the geophysical validation of ozone profile data retrieved from nadir UV backscatter satellite measurements is detailed and discussed, consisting of data set content studies, information content studies, co-location studies, and comparisons with reference measurements. Within the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative on ozone (Ozone_cci project), the proposed round-robin procedure is applied to two nadir ozone profile data sets retrieved at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL, United Kingdom), using their respective OPERA v1.26 and RAL v2.1 optimal estimation algorithms, from MetOp-A GOME-2 (i.e. the second generation Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment on the first Meteorological Operational Satellite) measurements taken in 2008. The ground-based comparisons use ozonesonde and lidar profiles as reference data, acquired by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde programme (SHADOZ), and other stations of the World Meteorological Organisation's Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO GAW). This direct illustration highlights practical issues that inevitably emerge from discrepancies in e.g. profile representation and vertical smoothing, for which different recipes are investigated and discussed. Several approaches for information content quantification, vertical resolution estimation, and reference profile resampling are compared and applied as well. The paper concludes with compliance estimates of the two GOME-2 ozone profile data sets with user requirements from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and from climate modellers.
Derivation of greenhouse gas emission factors for peatlands managed for extraction in the Republic of Ireland and the UK
Authors: Wilson D. , Dixon S. D. , Artz R. R. E. , Smith T. E. L. , Evans C. D. , Owen H. J. F. , Archer E. , Renou-Wilson F.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Drained peatlands are significant hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and may also be more vulnerable to fire with its associated gaseous emissions. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatlands managed for extraction are reported on an annual basis. However, the Tier 1 (default) emission factors (EFs) provided in the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement for this land use category may not be representative in all cases and countries are encouraged to move to higher Tier reporting levels with reduced uncertainty levels based on country or regional specific data. In this study, we quantified (1) CO2-C emissions from 9 peat extraction sites in the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, which were initially disaggregated by land use type (industrial vs. domestic peat extraction), and (2) a range of GHGs that are released to the atmosphere with the burning of peat. CO2-C emissions were strongly controlled by soil temperature at the industrial sites (bare peat), and by soil temperature and leaf area index at the vegetated domestic sites. Our derived EFs of 1.70 (±0.47) and 1.64 (±0.44) t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1 for the industrial and domestic sites respectively, are considerably lower than the Tier 1 EF (2.8 ± 1.7 t CO2-C ha−1 yr−1) provided in the Wetlands Supplement. We propose that the difference between our derived values and the Wetlands Supplement value is due to differences in peat quality and, consequently, decomposition rates. Emissions from burning of the peat (g kg−1 dry fuel burned) were estimated to be approximately 1346 (CO2), 8.35 (methane, CH4), 218 (carbon monoxide, CO), 1.53 (ethane, C2H6), 1.74 (ethylene, C2H4), 0.60 (methanol, CH3OH), 2.21 (hydrogen cyanide, HCN) and 0.73 (ammonia, NH3) and emphasises the importance of understanding the full suite of trace gas emissions from biomass burning, rather than focussing solely on CO2 and CH4 emissions. Our results highlight the importance of generating reliable Tier 2 values for different regions and land-use categories. Furthermore, given that the IPCC Tier 1 EF was only based on 20 sites (all from Canada/Fenno-Scandia) we suggest that data from another 9 sites significantly expands the global dataset, as well as adding a new region.
Carbon cycle dynamics during recent interglacials
Authors: Kleinen T. , Brovkin V. , Munhoven G.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Trends in the atmospheric concentration of CO2 during three recent interglacials, the Holocene, the Eemian and Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11, are investigated using an Earth system Model of Intermediate Complexity, which we extended with modules to dynamically determine two slow carbon cycle processes – peat accumulation and shallow-water CaCO3 sedimentation (coral reef formation). For all three interglacials, model simulations considering peat accumulation and shallow water CaCO3 sedimentation substantially improve the agreement between model results and ice core CO2 reconstructions in comparison to a carbon cycle setup neglecting these processes. This enables us to model the trends in atmospheric CO2, with modelled trends similar to the ice core data, forcing the model only with orbital and sea level changes. During the Holocene, anthropogenic CO2 emissions are required to match the observed rise in atmospheric CO2 after 3 ka BP, but are not relevant before this time. Therefore our model experiments show for the first time how the CO2 evolution during the Holocene and two recent interglacials can be explained consistently using an identical model setup.
Updating sea spray aerosol emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 5.0.2
Authors: Gantt B. , Kelly J. T. , Bash J. O.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Sea spray aerosols (SSA) impact the particle mass concentration and gas-particle partitioning in coastal environments, with implications for human and ecosystem health. Despite their importance, the emission magnitude of SSA remains highly uncertain with global estimates varying by nearly two orders of magnitude. In this study, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was updated to enhance fine mode SSA emissions, include sea surface temperature (SST) dependency, and reduce coastally-enhanced emissions. Predictions from the updated CMAQ model and those of the previous release version, CMAQv5.0.2, were evaluated using several regional and national observational datasets in the continental US. The updated emissions generally reduced model underestimates of sodium, chloride, and nitrate surface concentrations for an inland site of the Bay Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (BRACE) near Tampa, Florida. Including SST-dependency to the SSA emission parameterization led to increased sodium concentrations in the southeast US and decreased concentrations along parts of the Pacific coast and northeastern US. The influence of sodium on the gas-particle partitioning of nitrate resulted in higher nitrate particle concentrations in many coastal urban areas due to increased condensation of nitric acid in the updated simulations, potentially affecting the predicted nitrogen deposition in sensitive ecosystems. Application of the updated SSA emissions to the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) study period resulted in modest improvement in the predicted surface concentration of sodium and nitrate at several central and southern California coastal sites. This SSA emission update enabled a more realistic simulation of the atmospheric chemistry in environments where marine air mixes with urban pollution.
Interacting effects of climate and agriculture on fluvial DOM in temperate and subtropical catchments
Authors: Graeber D. , Goyenola G. , Meerhoff M. , Zwirnmann E. , Ovesen N. B. , Glendell M. , Gelbrecht J. , Teixeira de Mello F. , González-Bergonzoni I. , Jeppesen E. , Kronvang B.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important factor in aquatic ecosystems, which is involved in a large variety of biogeochemical and ecological processes, and recent literature suggests that it could be strongly affected by agriculture in different climates. Based on novel monitoring techniques, we investigated the interaction of climate and agriculture effects on DOM quantity and quality. To examine this, we took water samples over 2 years in two paired intensive and extensive farming catchments in each of Denmark (temperate climate) and Uruguay (subtropical climate). We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) concentrations and DOC and DON molecular fractions with size-exclusion chromatography. Moreover, we characterized DOM quality with absorbance and fluorescence measurements, as well as parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). We also calculated the DOC and DON loads based on daily discharge measurements, as well as measured precipitation and air temperature. The fluvial DOM in the catchments in Uruguay was characterized by higher temporal variability of DOC and DON loads which were clearly to a higher temporal variability of precipitation and a DOM composition with rather plant-like character relative to the Danish catchments. Moreover, we found a consistently higher temporal variability of DOC and DON loads in the intensive farming catchments than in the extensive farming catchments, with highest temporal variability in the Uruguayan intensive farming catchment. Furthermore, the composition of DOM exported from the intensive farming catchments was consistently complex and always related to microbial processing in both Denmark and Uruguay. This was indicated by low C : N ratios, several spectroscopic DOM composition indices and PARAFAC fluorescence components. We propose that the consistent effect of intensive farming on DOM composition and the temporal variability of DOC and DON loads is related to similarities in the management of agriculture, which may have widescale implications for fluvial DOM composition, as well as related ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles.
Attributing trends in extremely hot days to changes in atmospheric dynamics
Authors: García-Valero J. A. , Montávez J. P. , Gómez-Navarro J. J. , Jiménez-Guerrero P.
Published: May 2015

Abstract. This paper proposes a method that allows the detection of trends in the frequency of extreme events and its attribution to changes in atmospheric dynamics characterized through Circulation Types (CTs). The method is applied to summer Extremely Hot Days (EHD) in Spain during the period 1958–2008. For carrying out this exercise, regional series of daily maximum temperature are derived from the regional dataset Spain02. Eight regions with different daily maximum temperature variability are identified. All of them exhibit important trends in the occurrence of EHDs, especially in inner regions. Links between the probability of EHD occurrence in the regions and CTs have been calculated. Furthermore, the consistency of the results to the atmospheric variables used in defining the CTs is analyzed. Sea Level Pressure (SLP), Temperature at 850 hPa Level (T850) and Geopotential Height at 500 hPa Level (Z500) from the ERA40 dataset have been used for the six CT classifications obtained using the variables separately and in different combinations of pairs. The optimum choice of large scale variables depends on the region under consideration, being the combination SLP-T850 the one giving the most suitable characterization for most of them. Finally, an attribution exercise of the regional EHD trends to the dynamics is proposed. Results show that the maximum of attributable EHD trends to changes in dynamics in every region is always below 5 %, being even lower than 20% in those regions with the largest EHD trends, mainly located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula (IP).
Traditional Medicine Through the Filter of Modernity: A brief historical analysis
Authors: Rabarihoela Razafimandimby R.
Published: May 2015

Traditional medicines still prevail in current Malagasy context. A careful historical analysis shows however that Malagasy traditional medicine has been screened through many filters before being accepted in a global context. Traditional medicine in its authentic form has been more or less rejected with the advent of  modern medicine – although not without reaction. This paper will retrace the historical encountering of the modern and traditional to determine the extent to which traditional medicine is acknowledged and used in the current prevailing modern, rational and scientific global context.
La déprise de soi comme pratique de désubjectivation: Sur la notion de “stultitia” chez Michel Foucault
Authors: Amironesei Razvan
Published: May 2015

La notion de déprise joue un rôle central dans le traitement de la subjectivité chez Michel Foucault. Notre objectif est d’établir que cette notion ne peut pas être réduite à une économie du soi, comme il est communement admis par les commentateurs de son oeuvre. Dans ce sens, il faudrait la distinguer à la fois du souci de soi et de la pratique de la sagesse. De manière positive, il s’agit de montrer que la déprise joue plutôt comme modalité politique de désubjectivation. L’analyse de la stultitia (bêtise) chez Sénèque nous permettra de montrer que la déprise est investie non pas comme modalité de subjectivation, mais comme pratique de disqualification de soi.
Inner Experience and Worldly Revolt: Arendt’s Bearings on Kristeva’s Project
Authors: McAfee Noëlle
Published: May 2015

What is at stake when political revolt depends upon radical inner experience? Is the only route to cultural and political change, as Kristeva seems to argue, through personal introspection and revolt? If we want more from life than the freedom to channel surf, as she says, need the direction of inquiry be primarily inward? Need there be an either/or of psychical versus public life? Is the only answer to social and political dead ends really found by turning inward? Is the micropolitics of the couch the path to freedom? “Today,” Kristeva writes, “psychical life knows that it will only be saved if it gives itself the time and space of revolt: to break off, remember, re-form. From prayer to dialogue, through art and analysis, the crucial event is always the great infinitesimal emancipation: to be endlessly recommenced.” In this essay I ask whether we might move Kristeva’s “New Forms of Revolt” from the couch to the polis with the help of one of her major interlocutors, Hannah Arendt, who reminds us that thinking is always a plural affair. I develop a link between Arendt’s thinking and Kristeva’s revoltto show how thinking-as-revolt puts subjects in relation to each other and to the political. Such a political culture of revolt can engage in the work needed to move beyond adolescent fixations in melancholic times. And with it we might in fact create more meaning for our lives.
An Introduction to the Shibusawa Shashi Database (SSD)
Authors: Koide Izumi
Published: May 2015

None
From the Editor's Desk
Authors: Chaiklin Martha
Published: May 2015

None
La influencia de los videojuegos de contenido apocalíptico en los adolescentes
Authors: Navarrete-Cardero Luis , Molina-González Jose Luis
Published: May 2015

El objetivo del presente trabajo es la disertación y el análisis de la influencia (sociológica, psicológica y cultural) que ejerce en los adolescentes el concepto de Apocalipsis. Convertido en una noción clave de la cultura visual, la denominada teoría del fin del mundo alcanza una de sus mayores expresiones en los videojuegos, posiblemente el divertimento preferido por los jóvenes en sus ratos de ocio. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación suponen un primer acercamiento a la materia a través de las muestras seleccionadas, dos institutos de la ciudad de Sevilla con localizaciones dispares y situaciones socioeconómicas divergentes. Para fortalecer el estudio comparativo se han incluido cuestiones vinculadas con el control parental, las principales plataformas de juego utilizadas por los encuestados o el número de horas de dedicación a este tipo de entretenimientos. Las conclusiones demuestran una irremediable atracción de nuestros jóvenes hacia universos apocalípticos, urdidos de manera inconsciente con el ocio y el entretenimiento como vías de escape de su cotidianidad.
Student-Led Interest Groups: An Adjunct to Learner-Centered Nursing Education
Authors: Lim Fidelindo A. , Nadeau Cheryl A.
Published: May 2015

The current emphasis to make nurses full partners in health care dialogue, education, research, practice, and policy-making has made nursing education more challenging and exciting. Competing themes in an already saturated curriculum allow little room for adding more content to formal teaching-learning activities. Well-organized student-led interest groups are an excellent avenue for conducting focused extracurricular offerings that allow students to exercise their leadership and organizational skills, advocate for academic excellence, and add specialty topics missing in the generalist curriculum. As an adjunct to the formal curriculum, professional development events organized by student-led interest groups promote student engagement, lifelong learning, and learner-centered education.
Breedbandcoöperaties op het platteland
Authors: Salemink Koen , Strijker Dirk
Published: May 2015

Broadband cooperatives in rural areas: Learning labs for rural development

Based on a database with 75 rural community broadband initiatives in the Netherlands and a longitudinal analysis of a specific initiative in the municipality of Oldambt, the authors discuss how citizens campaign for improved internet connections in a cooperative setting. The authors present an 8-step model which shows that at each step citizens, governments and private telecom companies affect the completion of the step. Both telecom companies and governments, however, stick to their old way of working. The market parties try to slow down the process and prevent their market areas from being affected by the initiatives, while governments are unclear about (potential) policies. Community broadband initiatives learn ‘on the job’ and they need perseverance as well as social, intellectual and financial capital in order to be successful. The realization of rural broadband requires efforts from citizens and the involvement of facilitating and supportive governments.
De opkomst van wooncoöperaties in Nederland?
Authors: Bokhorst Meike , Edelenbos Jurian
Published: May 2015

The rise of housing cooperatives in the Netherlands

There is a growing interest for cooperatives in housing. Recently a new housing law was signed that stimulates the rise and creation of citizen cooperatives in this sector. It is argued that in this way people, especially in the low- and middle-income category, get more opportunities to influence their own living situation. Some housing cooperatives have existed for years, but recently we have seen the rise of dozens of cooperatives. The knowledge network Platform31 has initiated an experimental program to facilitate the implementation of cooperatives in housing in the Netherlands. An important condition is that the cooperatives need to develop a strong business case. Cooperation with established housing corporations in the sector is also of vital importance. Moreover, a helping hand from municipalities is needed and some local governments have already developed policies and undertaken actions. Yet there are still bottlenecks in policy and law that needs to be solved. A paradigm shift is needed to make cooperatives in housing feasible.
Complex Patterns, Unpredictable Consequences: The Distribution of Sealed Land along the Urban-rural Gradient in Barcelona
Authors: Ranalli Flavia , Salvati Luca
Published: May 2015

The present study explores the spatial pattern of selected soil sealing indicators in the province of Barcelona as a contribution to the debate on land consumption driven by urban growth in southern Europe. Four indicators of soil sealing (percentage of pervious land, per-capita sealed land, soil sealing intensity and diversity in soil sealing intensity) were derived from a high-resolution topographic map at the municipal scale using multivariate statistics and spatial analysis. All the indicators were correlated with the distance from Barcelona. Our results show that sealing patterns in Barcelona reflect distinct urbanization phases observed in the aftermath of World War II and may describe the rapid transition from a mono-centric and compact form observed in the 1950s to a more scattered and dispersed morphology. Soil sealing indicators proved to be effective proxies for the assessment of land-use changes in Mediterranean urban regions.
Effect of impurities on microstructure and structural propertiesof the as-cast and treated Al-Zn alloys
Authors: Lamrous Douniazed , Boehm-Courjault Emanuelle , Debili Mohamed Y. , Sassane Nacira
Published: May 2015

The microstructure of two Al-Zn alloys (with 10 and 30 wt.%Zn content) produced by melting in the high frequency induction furnace were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and the microhardness tests. The results indicate that the presence of iron impurity causes the formation of eutectic (Al,Zn)3Fe in both alloys. The presence of the silicon impurity results in the formation of the phase separation in the Al-10%Zn as-cast alloy. The columnar to equiaxed transition was produced only in the Al-30%Zn as-cast alloy. The Vickers microhardness is higher in the equiaxed zone than in the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET) zone. The presence of iron causes intermetallic phase formation (Al, Fe, Si)3,6Zn in the Al-30%Zn as-cast alloy enabling an increase in the lattice parameter. After a homogenization treatment, the microstructure of Al-Zn treated alloys consists only of α dendrites and stable eutectic phase.
The effect of zinc bath temperature on the morphology, texture and corrosion behaviour of industrially produced hot-dip galvanized coatings
Authors: Bakhtiari A. , Toroghinejad M.R. , Ashrafizadeh F.
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this work is to identify the influence of zinc bath temperature on the morphology, texture and corrosion behavior of hot-dip galvanized coatings. Hot-dip galvanized samples were prepared at temperature in the range of 450-480 °C in steps of 10 °C, which is the conventional galvanizing temperature range in the galvanizing industries. The morphology of coatings was examined with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of the coating layers was determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The texture of the coatings was evaluated using X-ray diffraction. Corrosion behavior was performed using salt spray cabinet test and Tafel extrapolation test. From the experimental results, it was found that increasing the zinc bath temperature affects the morphology of the galvanized coatings provoking the appearance of cracks in the coating structure. These cracks prevent formation of a compact structure. In addition, it was concluded that (00.2) basal plane texture component was weakened by increasing the zinc bath temperature and, conversely, appearance of (10.1) prism component, (20.1) high angle pyramidal component and low angle component prevailed. Besides, coatings with strong (00.2) texture component and weaker (20.1) components have better corrosion resistance than the coatings with weak (00.2) and strong (20.1) texture components. Furthermore, corrosion resistance of the galvanized coatings was decreased by increasing the zinc bath temperature.
Properties of Silicon Dioxide Film Deposited By PECVD at Low Temperature/Pressure
Authors: Zarchi Meysam , Ahangarani Shahrokh , Sanjari Maryam Zare
Published: May 2015

conventional plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at low temperature/pressure with silane (SiH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) as precursor gases. The ellipsometer and stress measurement system were used to test the thickness and refractive index uniformity of the SiO2 film fabricated. The effects of radio frequency (RF) power chamber pressure and N2O/SiH4 flow ratio on the properties of SiO2 film were studied. The results show that the refractive index of SiO2 film is mainly determined by N2O/SiH4 flow ratio .Moreover, the formation of SiO2 thin films is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thickness and refractive indices of the films measured by ellipsometry C-V measurement show that the electrical properties are directly related to process parameters and Si/SiO2 interface. The MIS structures were also fabricated from optimized SiO2 layer to study C-V measurement and to estimate interface, oxide and effective border traps density. The deposited SiO2 films have good uniformity, compact structure, high deposition rate, low deposition temperature and controllable stress, which can be widely, used in semiconductor devices.
Quantitative Leaching of a Spent Cell Phone Printed Circuit Board by Hydrochloric acid
Authors: Baba Alafara A. , Olumodeji Oyebode O. , Adekola Folahan A. , Lawa Misitura , Aremu Adeniyi S.
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a kinetic data on the hydrometallurgical recovery of some metal ions from a printed circuit board (PCB) of a spent cell phone by hydrochloric acid leaching. The effects of acid concentration, temperature and particle diameter on the dissolution efficiency at various leaching time intervals were examined. The results of the leaching investigations showed that the powdered cell phone dissolution increases with increasing acid concentration, system temperature with decreasing particle diameter at 360 rpm. With 2M HCl solution, about 88.49% of the sample was dissolved within 120 minutes using 0.075-0.112 mm particle diameter at 800 C. The results of the study indicated that the dissolution reaction could be represented by a shrinking core model with surface chemical reaction. A value of 0.61, 60.67 kJ/mol and 12.9s-1 were calculated as reaction order, activation energy and frequency factor, respectively for the dissolution process.
Grain size control in al-4.8 wt.% Cu alloy by computeraided cooling curve analysis
Authors: Dehnavi Mehdi , Sabzevar Mohsen Haddad
Published: May 2015

Generally Al–Ti and Al–Ti–B master alloys are added to the aluminium alloys for grain refinement. The cooling curve analysis (CCA) has been used extensively in metal casting industry to predict microstructure constituents, grain refinement and to calculate the latent heat of solidification. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grain refinement on the grain size of Al-4.8 wt.%Cu alloy by cooling curve analysis. To do this, alloy was grain refined by different amount of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy and all samples were solidified at constant cooling rate of 0.19 ℃/s. The temperature of the samples was recorded using a K thermocouple and a data acquisition system connected to a PC. The results show that the segregating power of Ti is very high and it segregates to the nucleant–liquid interface which leads to constitutional supercooling within which other nucleant particles get activated for nucleation. Other results show that with considering the changes in the primary undercooling (ΔTRU) as the main factor to determine the effectiveness of grain refinement process, it was found that by grain refinement, the value of undercooling decrease was approximately zero.
The use of metallurgical slag as a by-product of the steel industry in chemical melioration of acid soils
Authors: Stanojković-Sebić Aleksandra , Maksimović Srboljub , Jošić Dragana , Pivić Radmila
Published: May 2015

The effect of metallurgical slag application on chemical properties of the soils with limited productive ability (Stagnosol), as well as on chemical composition of cultivated vegetables (spinach and cabbage) as experimental crops, through the vegetative experiments performed in semi-controlled conditions, was studied. The longterm investigations were aimed to define the main parameters for possible wider usage of this secondary raw material (by-product of the steel industry, respectively) for chemical melioration and fertilization of acid soils in Serbia, as well as to indicate the justification of its application in agricultural practice. Generally, it was concluded that the studied metallurgical slag of the standardized chemical composition can be added to the acid soils toward amelioration the fertility without adverse effects.
Copper alloys with improved properties: standard ingot metallurgy vs. powder metallurgy
Authors: Jovanović Milan T. , Rajković Višeslava , Cvijović-Alagić Ivana
Published: May 2015

Three copper-based alloys: two composites reinforced with Al2O3 particles and processed through powder metallurgy (P/M) route, i.e. by internal oxidation (Cu-2.5Al composite) and by mechanical alloying (Cu-4.7Al2O3 ) and Cu-0.4Cr-0.08Zr alloy produced by ingot metallurgy (vacuum melting and casting) were the object of this investigation. Light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with electron X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were used for microstructural characterization. Microhardness and electrical conductivity were also measured. Compared to composite materials, Cu-0.4Cr-0.08Zr alloy possesses highest electrical conductivity in the range from 20 to 800 ℃, whereas the lowest conductivity shows composite Cu-2.5Al processed by internal oxidation. In spite to somewhat lower electrical conductivity (probably due to inadequate density), Cu-2.5Al composite exhibits thermal stability enabling its application at much higher temperatures than materials processed by mechanical alloying or by vacuum melting and casting.