bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PO-156 Effects of acute hypoxic exercise on TRPV4 channels in prefrontal cortex of rats
Authors: Huang Xing , Hu Yang
Published: October 2018

Objective At the early stage of high altitude training, the decrease of motor ability caused by hypoxia makes it impossible for the training to be carried out normally. Since 90s, researchers have focused more on the decrease of the cardiopulmonary function and muscle oxygen utilization capacity, but there are few studies on cerebral hemodynamic factors, and no related mechanism studies. This study will take this as a starting point, to study the acute hypoxic exercise and its biological mechanism for brain hemodynamic effects of prefrontal cortex, providing a new target in order to improve the athletes at the beginning of the plateau duration and decreased exercise capacity problems.

Methods In order to explore the changes of the TRPV4 channels protein in rat prefrontal cortex  induced by exercise under hypoxic exposure, this study used HE staining and immunohistochemical method to analyze the pathological changes and TRPV4 channel protein expression of prefrontal cortex in rats during incremental exercise in different oxygen concentration environment. 

Results The results showed that cortex lesions characterized by venous congestion and neuronophagia, when exercise to level 5 under the condition of the simulated 4500 meters altitude, which was similar to normoxia exercise to level 8. With the increasing of exercise load, the expressions of TRPV4 in rat prefrontal cortex were significantly increased. And the TRPV4 expressions of every groups in the simulated 4500 meters altitude were significantly higher than those in normoxia groups. 

Conclusions The results indicate that increased load exercise in acute hypoxia can lead to pathological changes of brain tissue much earlier that in normoxia condition, and increase the expression of TRPV4 channel protein in brain tissue. This study will provide valuable data for the study of the role of Ca2+ channels in the membrane of central nervous system in the phenomenon of the centers fatigue appearing earlier in hypoxic exercise.
PO-163 Aerobic exercise activates myocardial FGF21/FGFR1/PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis in post-myocardial infarction rats
Authors: Li Mingxiao , Tian Zhenjun
Published: October 2018

Objective To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in Myocardial Infarction (MI) rats.

Methods male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups：the sham operation (S), sedentary MI group (MI) and MI with aerobic exercise group (ME). The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. ME group were trained four weeks after the operation. LVSP, LVEDP and ±dp/dtmax were used to evaluate cardiac function. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were stimulated by 400 μmol/L H2O2 for 4h to simulate myocardial apoptosis mode. AMPK agonist AICAR and FGF21 receptor inhibitor PD166866 were used to interfere with H9C2. Myocardial collagen volume fraction was calculated by Masson staining and myocardium FGF21, FGFR1, Bax, Bcl-2 and PI3K-AKT pathway by western blotting or RT-Qpcr. Cardiomyocytes apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL.

Results Compared with S, the expression of FGF21, FGFR1, Bax, Bcl-2 and PI3K, AKT increased significantly in MI group, the apoptotic cardiomyocytes and collagen fibers increased significantly, but the cardiac function decreased. Compared to MI, myocardium FGF21, FGFR1 and PI3K, AKT were further increased in ME group, the Bax/Bcl-2 and the apoptotic cardiomyocytes decreased significantly. The percentage of collagen fibers decreased and the cardiac function was improved. Myocardium FGF21 was positively correlated with the inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the improvement of cardiac function. Furthermore, the expression of Bax/Bcl-2, TNF-α/IL-10 and the apoptotic cardiomyocytes was significantly increased by PD166866, but PI3K-AKT pathway decreased significantly by PD166866. However, AICAR single intervention or PD166866 simultaneous intervention also can reverse this adverse effects.

Conclusions Exercise can increase myocardial FGF21/FGFR1 with MI. The one of the mechanisms is to activate PI3K-AKT pathway to inhibit cardiaomyocyte apoptosis and inflammatory. It indicates that FGF21/FGFR1/PI3K-AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in inhibiting myocardial apoptosis and improving cardiac function.
PO-167 Effects of Hydrogen-rich Water on Rat Skeletal Muscles' Oxidative Damage and Autophagy Induced by Repeated Exhaustive Exercise
Authors: Xu Zujie , Gu Hongdi , Tian Zhenjun
Published: October 2018

Objective This study was carried out to detect the effects of hydrogen-water intervention on oxidative stress and cell autophagy in skeletal muscle of rats with repeated exhaustion. 

Methods 30 male SD rats in the age of 3 months, weighing 180-210g, were randomly divided into control group (C), repeated exhaustion group (EX), and the repeated exhaustion with hydrogen intervention group (EH), 10 rats in each group. The EX and EH groups were subjected to a four-weeks of repeated-exhaustive exercise. The initial speed of the exercise was 15 m/min, and increasedby 5 m/min every 5 min, the final speed is 35m/min until  exhaustion, 5 d/wk, with a total of 4 wk. In EH group, hydro-water was given to rats 30 mins before exercise. The ultrastructural changes of skeletal muscle were observed by using a transmission electron microscopy. Activity of SDH and CK in serum and SOD activity, MDA content and T-AOC level in skeletal muscle tissue were detected. Western blotting was used to detect the proteins expression of autophagy related proteins in skeletal muscle, mTOR, p-mTOR, LC3B-2 and P53. 

Results Compared with the EX group, in the EH group, the ultrastructural damage and mitochondrial swelling were significantly reduced, and the time of exhaustion was significantly prolonged (p<0.05), Serum SDH activity increased significantly (p<0.05), CK activity decreased significantly (p<0.05), and skeletal muscle tissue SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity significantly increased (p<0.05), MDA content decreased significantly (p<0.01), mTOR and p-mTOR protein expression was significantly increased(p<0.05), the LC3B-2 and P53 protein expression was significantly lower (p<0.05).

Conclusions Hydrogen water intervention could significantly improve repeatedly exhaustion exercise result in rat skeletal muscle injury, oxidative stress and cell ultrastructure damage excessive autophagy, improving oxidation resistance of the skeletal muscle and exercise endurance.
PO-169 Effect of Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle FSTL1 on Cardiac Structure and Function in Myocardial Infarction Rats
Authors: Hao Meili , Xi Yue , Cai Mengxin , Tian Zhenjun
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1 on cardioprotection in myocardial infarction rats after resistance exercise or tibialis anterior muscle injection of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) adeno-associated virus vector and its possible signaling mechanisms.

Methods The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10): Sham-operated group(S), sedentary MI group (MI), MI with resistance exercise group (MR), MI with empty adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector group (MV) and MI with FSTL1-AAV group (MF) after the MI model established which was induced by left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. S group underwent threading without ligation. 1 week post MI, rats in MR group underwent resistance exercise for 4 weeks, rats in MV and MF group were injected AAV empty vector and FSTL1-AAV in the tibialis anterior muscle of the left limb, respectively. The next day after exercise, rats were anesthetized and heart function was measured. Collagen volume fraction(%) of myocardium were observed and calculated by Masson staining; cardiomyocyte proliferation was measured by immunofluorescence; cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining; The protein expression of skeletal muscle and serum FSTL1 and myocardium FSTL1, DIP2A, pAkt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR, CyclinD1, CDK4 and Bcl2/Bax in myocardium were measured by Western blotting.

Results The skeletal muscle FSTL1 protein expression was decreased but the serum and myocardium FSTL1 were upregulated in MI group. The myocardium fibrosis, cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were increased and the heart function was declined after MI. After resistance exercise or tibialis anterior muscle injection of FSTL1-AAV, the skeletal muscle, serum and myocardium FSTL1 protein expression were significantly increased, and there was a significant positive correlation between each data. Myocardium fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were also decreased, cardiomyocyte proliferation was increased and the heart function was significantly improved after FSTL1-AAV injection.

Conclusions Resistance exercise increases skeletal muscle FSTL1 expression. Skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1 can reach the heart through blood circulation, promote cardiomyocyte proliferation, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reduce myocardium fibrosis and improve heart function in MI rats. Myocardium FSTL1 binds to its receptor, DIP2A, and activates the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway might be the potential mechanism of this protective effect.
PO-174 Nutritional supplement characteristics of different sports
Authors: Feng Ziyuan
Published: October 2018

Objective  This review mainly summarize the nutritional supplement characteristics of speed, endurance and strength sports, which can provide theoretical reference for coaches and athletes.

Methods Literature

Results Carbohydrates, VB1 and VC should be added to the speed program diet.Endurance items can be added to meet energy needs.The power type project should be sufficient protein, and appropriate complement of sodium, potassium and other electrolytes.

Conclusions Due to different energy supply methods, sports items have their own characteristics of nutritional supplement. According to the difference of sports, it is beneficial to improve athletes' performance to supplement nutrition.
PO-181 The Comparative Study on the Maximum Oxygen Uptake Test of 10- Month Old Wistar Rats
Authors: Dong Yanan , Qin Fei , Zhao Jiexiu , Wang Songtao , Xu Mingxiao , Wang Zhongwei
Published: October 2018

Objective The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) is an ideal index to objectively evaluate the cardiopulmonary function, as well as the basic to define exercise intensity. In the field of sports science, laboratory animals are often used to explore the effect and mechanism of exercise intervention. Therefore, it is very important to design optimal VO2max test protocol and to ensure the accuracy of VO2max according to the characteristics of the experimental animal itself. In this study, Wistar rats were selected, and various VO2max test protocols were designed and analyzed to screen out the optimal VO2max test protocol for the 10-month old wistar rats.

Methods  20 SPF Wistar rats (male, 10 month old) were tested for maximal oxygen uptake by a four channel metabolic monitoring system and running treadmill. Five different test protocols were executed. Each rat completed five test protocols in random order with 3 days’ interval. The exercise performance (coordination degree, exhaustion state), oxygen uptake platform, finish time, VO2max and RER value were recorded during the test of each program, and the performance and test data were compared.

Results  1) 12 rats completed all 5 test protocols of VO2max. The induction ratio of VO2max of P1 was only 58%, and P2 and P4 were 75%. While, the induction rate of P3 and P5 were both 83%. 2) For the Bedford improvement protocol (P1), due to the intense increased exercise load, the rats showed more intense stress, the less coordination degree, injured even death, and lower induction rate of VO2max. 3) The VO2max and RER values induced by the P5 are significantly higher than that of P1 (p<0.05). The finish time of P3 is significantly higher than that of P1 (p<0.01) and P5 (p<0.05).

Conclusions For the VO2max test for middle aged rats, with the suitable speed of the running treadmill, the change of gradient should be as the main way of increasing load, or increasing the gradient of the slope firstly, which can obtained optimal VO2max, meanwhile reduce the stress response and the risk of injury and serious damage.
PO-107 Applied Research on Heart Rate Variability in Monitoring Sports Fatigue of Boxing Athletes
Authors: Wang Jinhao , Qiu Jun , Chen Shuai
Published: October 2018

Objective Based on the diagnosis of sports fatigue using physiological and biochemical indicators, to detect the changes of heart rate variability (HRV) index before and after heavy load training in boxing athletes, and observe the effect of heavy load training on cardiac autonomic nerves. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of HRV to monitor boxing athletes’ sports fatigue.

Methods 16 athletes from Shanghai men's boxing team were recruited. The coach organized a 4-week heavy load training, on Monday morning before and after heavy load training, to evaluate whether athletes have exercise fatigue by testing white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), blood testosterone (T), cortisol (C), testosterone/cortisol ratio (T/C), creatine kinase (CK), blood urea (BU) and morning pulse. Heart rate variability (HRV) indicators were detected simultaneously. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software. Pearson correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between HRV and physiological and biochemical indexes. The paired sample T test was used to compare the differences between the indicators, P<0.05, P<0.01 was statistically significant.

Results After heavy load training, when compared with indexes before heavy load training, T and T/C ratios decreased significantly (-38%, -52.7%, p<0.01), C and morning pulse increased significantly (+32.4%, +20.4%, p<0.05), BU and CK had an increasing trend but no statistical significance (+16.5%, +52.7%, p>0.05), while WBC, RBC and Hb showed no statistical significance (p>0.05), these changes in physiological and biochemical indexes can diagnose sports fatigue of boxing athletes after heavy load training. SDNN of HRV index was significantly correlated with morning pulse (p<0.05), RMSSD was significantly correlated with CK (p<0.05), LF was significantly correlated with Hb (p<0.05), and LF/HF was significantly correlated with T, C, T/C, morning pulse, CK (p<0.05). After heavy load training, LF and LF/HF of HRV index in boxing athletes were significantly increased than that before heavy load training (1744.7±1526.3 ms2 vs. 1134.5±1003.3 ms2, 2.5±1.3 vs. 1.6±1.0, p<0.05), the other HRV indexes showed no statistical significance (p>0.05).

Conclusions The LF and LF/HF changed significantly when boxing athletes appeared sports fatigue, suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system had enhanced activity and increased tension, the imbalance between Sympathetic and parasympathetic tend to predominate in sympathetic activity. LF and LF/HF are sensitive HRV indicators for monitoring sports fatigue in boxing athletes.
PO-109 Resistance Training prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Induced by hypoxia through regulating Akt-FoxO1 pathway
Authors: Yu Jiabei , Yu Hang , Li Yanchun , Han Tianyu , Bai Xuecheng , Zhu Rongxin
Published: October 2018

Objective Skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia on the plateau will lead to the decrease of muscle strength and the degeneration of athletic ability. Resistance training is an efficient method to stimulate the growth of muscle and improve protein synthesis. Akt-FoxO1 (Fork head box protein 1) pathway plays a significant role in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein degradation. However, it is not clear whether resistance training could prevent skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and what is the regulation role of Akt-FoxO1 pathway. This study built a rat model that resistance training inhibited the skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and explore the variation of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1.

Methods 40 male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: control group (C), resistance training group (R), hypoxia group (H) and hypoxia resistance training group (HR). H and HR group were placed into simulated 4000m altitude (12.4%, O2%) and R and HR group received ladder resistance training. Their incremental load is calculated by using average body weight. After 4 weeks intervention of hypoxia and resistance training, body composition, wet weight of skeletal muscle (soleus, musculus gastrocnemius,extensor digitorum longus and muscelus biceps brachii) and skeletal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured. The expression of Akt, FoxO1, Murf and Atrogin-1 were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.Moreover,immunofluorescence technique was used to locate the phosphorylation of FoxO1. 

Results The lean body mass of HR group was significantly higher than H group (P<0.05). The wet weight and CSA of muscelus biceps brachii in HR group were also higher than H group obviously (P<0.05). The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and western blot showed that the expression of FoxO1 and MuRF of hypoxia group (H group) were significantly higher than control group. However after the intervention of resistance training, the expression of Akt was significantly up-regulate and FoxO1, MuRF were significantly down-regulate. Immunofluorescence technique was used to observe the location of FoxO1 phosphorylation and the expression out of nucleus.

Conclusions Resistance training contribute to prevent the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia and the form of climbing ladder training can stimulate the hypertrophy of biceps in rats. The results revealed that FoxO1 phosphorylation out of nucleus became higher after resistance training. All above revealed that resistance training could inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy induced by hypoxia. Akt promoted FoxO1 phosphorylation may become the molecular mechanisms that resistance training can inhibit the atrophy of skeletal muscle induced by hypoxia.
PO-112 The exploration of constitutively expressed myokines utilizing tissue-engineered skeletal muscle
Authors: Nakamura Tomohiro , Shibahara Tatsuki , Takamori Aya , Nunomiya Aki , Miyata Makoto , Akimoto Takayuki , Nagatomi Ryoichi , Fujisato Toshia
Published: October 2018

Objective Recent evidence has identified skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Many myokines, which are bioactive substances secreted from skeletal muscle, have been identified in plane muscle culture cells. Compared to the plane muscle culture cells, the tissue-engineered muscle is an excellent model as culture system mimicked native skeletal muscle. However, constitutively expressed genes and secreted compounds from tissue-engineered muscle have not been analyzed sufficiently. The purposes of this study were 1) to clarify kinetics of constitutively secreted compounds, and 2) to explore constitutively expressed genes in the tissue-engineered muscle.

Methods C2C12 cells embedded within collagen gel solution were placed between two tendons made up of elastase-treated acelluar porcine blood vessel. The constructs were cultured in growth media for 2 days and cultured in differentiation media for 6 days. To compare with plane culture cells, C2C12 cells were cultured in plane under the same condition as the construct. The culture media were obtained, and analyzed by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Furthermore, constitutively up-regulated genes in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle were explored based on microarray analysis and confirmed by RT-PCR.

Results MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry revealed that the number of detected peaks in tissue-engineered muscle was abundant compared to that of plane muscle culture cells, especially at range of low molecular weight. Furthermore, the detected peaks were substantially different among these culture media and specific peaks were identified in tissue-engineered muscle. Based on microarray analysis, the transcription of cholecystokinin identified, and confirmed the up-regulation in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle by RT-PCR.

Conclusions These results suggested that the tissue-engineered muscle constitutively secreted many compounds compared to plane culture cells, especially at range of low molecular weight. Furthermore, the transcription of cholecystokinin was up-regulated in tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. Besides of the plane muscle culture cells, it is possible to expect to obtain novel myokines utilizing tissue-engineered muscle.
PO-242 Effects of tail suspension on the expression of FNDC5/Irisin protein in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Sun Junzhi , Jiang Qiang
Published: October 2018

Objective Irisin is a myokine secreted by skeletal muscle,and it is a type I membrane protein factor encoded by the protein 5(FNDC5) gene after cleavage and modification of the type III fibronectin component.Dependence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1α).In this study, the potential association between skeletal muscle atrophy and irisin was explored by detecting changes in rat soleus and gastrocnemius irisin-related proteins during unloading.

Methods Twenty male 8-week rats were randomly divided into control group C (n=10) and suspension group T (n=10). The tail suspension system (TSS) was used to perform a 2-week tail suspension experiment on the T group. Two weeks after the tail suspension test, the weights of the rats and the wet weights of soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were measured. HE staining was performed under light microscope to observe the changes of muscle fiber area of skeletal muscle in each group. Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of MURF1, PGC-1α and FNDC5 in soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle of each group.

Results (1) The soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle mass in T group decreased by 28.6% (P<0.05) and 25.8% (P<0.01), respectively. (2) The cross-sectional area of soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle fiber in T group decreased by 20.5% (P<0.01) and 25.2% (P<0.05), respectively. (3) The MURF1 protein expression in the gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle in the T group was significantly higher than that in the C group (P<0.01). (4) The expression of PGC-1α protein in gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle of T group was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05). (5) The expression of FNDC5 protein in gastrocnemius muscle and soleus muscle in T group was significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05).

Conclusions After sole tail suspension for two weeks, the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of the rats were obviously atrophied, and soleus muscle atrophy was more obvious. Skeletal muscle atrophy may be related to increased expression of MURF1. The decrease of FNDC5/Irisin content may be related to the occurrence of skeletal muscle atrophy, and PGC-1α also may be involved in this process.
PO-247 Research Progress of Diabetic Rat Model with Hypertension
Authors: Wang Hainiu
Published: October 2018

Objective Diabetes mellitus coexisting with hypertension can accelerate and increase the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, and the establishment of corresponding animal models can provide the clinical evidence for hypertension with diabetes mellitus. The model of diabetic rats with hypertension was established in order to find the most reasonable model.

Methods  Using the method of literature, the key words in Pubmed were: "diabetes mellitus"; "hypertension" ; "rat" ; The qualifying language for animal model is English, with a limitation period of 2008-2018. A total of 157 papers were collected and included into the standard: ①exclude the relevant model of renal hypertension; ②No other diseases other than diabetes and hypertension; A total of 42 studies were included.

Results  There are 6 models of diabetes mellitus with hypertension in common use at present. ①Surgically induced bilateral renal artery stenosis in rats, followed by low-dose STZ intraperitoneal injection and feeding high-calorie diet. ②special chemical (STZ or alloxan) directly injected into Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) or combined with specific dietary induction; ③Hybridization of SHR and spontaneously diabetic rats; ④Inbred purebreds with a propensity to spontaneously diabetes, obese SHR and obese Zucker rats; ⑤Diabetes was induced by STZ injection with SHR in primary hypertensive rats. ⑥High-fat diet plus intraperitoneal injection of STZ into diabetic model combined with 1% NaCl water feeding.

Conclusions The preparation methods of several models have their own advantages and disadvantages. From the point of view of the pathogenesis of human diseases, it is more ideal to make inbred model with the tendency of spontaneous diabetes. From the point of view of economy and economy, the low-dose STZ intraperitoneal injection of SHR into diabetic hypertensive rat model is low cost, high model rate and convenient. The model rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension were induced by high-fat diet plus STZ plus 1% NaCl by intraperitoneal injection of STZ in combination with drinking water. Relatively close to the course of human disease, the cost is lower, and it is the most widely used modeling method at present. Conclusion: Different research targets correspond to different animal model vectors. In the future, we should try to establish a more perfect model of diabetes mellitus with hypertension, which is more similar to human disease, so as to provide a good platform for disease prevention and treatment.
PO-253 Study on the effects of thalamus on basal ganglia information integration and relay during the exhaustive exercise
Authors: Hu Yanru
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the effects of thalamus on basal ganglia information integration and relay during the exhaustive exercise, and thus to reveal the possible mechanism underlying exercise induced central fatigue.

Methods 8 weeks old male Wistar rats were used in the experiment. By using local field potentials recording technique, the dynamic changes of neural activity in rats ventrolateralthalamus (VL) were observed during the exhaustive exercise. The changes of NR2B and GABAAa-1 receptor expression level in rats VL before , immediately after and 90 min after exhaustive exercise were also observed.

Results The changes of neural activity in rats VL demonstrated obvious phasic features. During automatic exercise phase, the frequency of neural activity increased, the amplitude decreased, activity of α wave increased significantly (P<0.05), the power spectrum gravity frequency increased significantly (P<0.05), these changes indicate the increased neuronal excitability. During early fatigue and exhaustion phases, the frequency of neural activity decreased, the amplitude increased, activity of δ and θ wave increased significantly (P<0.05). The power spectrum gravity frequency decreased significantly (P<0.05), this indicates the decreased neuronal excitability. The expression of GABAAa-1 receptors increased significantly (P<0.05) at timepoint of exhaustion and 90min after exhaustion compared with that of rest phase.

Conclusions As the relaying nucleus of ‘basal ganglia- thalamus-cortex’ pathway, changes of neural activity in VL is one of the important factors inducing development of fatigue and decrease of exercise performance. Changes of GABAAa-1 receptor expression may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to the change of neuronal excitability in VL.
PO-260 Anabolic signalling in individual muscle fibres following resistance exercise in combination with amino acid intake
Authors: Edman Sebastian , Söderlund Karin , Blomstrand Eva
Published: October 2018

Objective Human muscle consists of a mixture of fibres with different contractile and metabolic properties, type I (slow-twitch) and type II (fast-twitch) fibres. Little is known about the effect of anabolic stimuli, in particular nutrition, on the molecular response in the different fibre types. Here, we examine the effect of resistance exercise and essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on mTOR signalling in individual type I and type II human muscle fibres.

Methods Five strength-trained male subjects performed two sessions of leg press exercise (10 x 10 repetition at 62-85 % of 1RM). During exercise and recovery, the subjects ingested an aqueous solution with EAA (290 mg/kg) or flavoured water (placebo). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before and 90 min after exercise. The biopsies were freeze-dried and single fibres dissected out and weighed (range 0.9 – 8 ug). The fibres were individually homogenized and analysed for proteins in the mTOR pathway using Western blot. Membranes were repeatedly stripped and fibres were identified as type I or type II following incubation with antibodies against the different myosin isoforms.

Results Exercise led to a significant increase in mTOR and p70S6k1 phosphorylation and a fall in eEF2 phosphorylation, similar in both fibre types. There was a large variation between individual fibres; some fibres were highly activated whereas others were not activated at all despite the heavy exercise performed. Intake of EAA caused a 2- to 6-fold higher increase in mTOR and p70S6k1 phosphorylation in both type I and type II fibres as compared to intake of placebo, with no difference between the fibre types. The phosphorylation of eEF2 was not affected by intake of EAA. The total expression of p70S6k1 and eEF2 was 145% and 155% higher in type II than in type I fibres (P<0.05), respectively, whereas no difference between the fibre types was observed for mTOR protein.

Conclusions The response to heavy resistance exercise regarding mTOR signalling was similar in type I and type II fibres in trained subjects, but with a large variation between single fibres of both types. Furthermore, ingestion of EAA enhanced the effect of resistance exercise on phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6k1 in both fibre types.
PO-265 Acute whole-body vibration increases energy expenditure and skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion
Authors: Betik Andrew , Parker Lewan , Kaur Gunveen , Keske Michelle
Published: October 2018

Objective Insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease are associated with decreased muscle microvascular perfusion which impairs nutrient delivery to the muscle.  Impaired glucose and insulin delivery contributes to lower glucose uptake into the skeletal muscle. Exercise increases muscle microvascular perfusion, however, cardiometabolic disease patients are not always willing or able to undertake regular exercise. Objective: Whole-body vibration (WBV) has previously been shown to increase energy expenditure and limb bulk blood flow, however whether WBV increases skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion is not known.  

Methods Methods: Eleven healthy participants (5 males, 6 females; Age: 33 ± 1.9 years) stood on a WBV platform (Galileo Sport, Novotec Medical GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany) for 3 min at 12.5 Hz which was compared to standing without vibration.  Thigh muscle (vastus lateralis) microvascular perfusion was assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (iU22, Philips Medical, North Ryde, NSW, Australia) by infusing Definity® microbubbles (Lantheus Medical Imaging, N. Billeruca, USA) intravenously and measured for 3 min following WBV.  Oxygen consumption (Metamax, Cortex Biophysik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany) was measured while standing prior to WBV and during the third minute of WBV.

Results Results: Compared with standing without vibration, 3 min of WBV more than doubled muscle microvascular perfusion (0.73 ± 0.17 vs 2.87 ± 0.81 AI/sec, p<0.05) which remained elevated above baseline for 3 min after cessation of WBV. Oxygen consumption modestly but significantly increased while undergoing WBV (282 ± 0.013 vs 419 ± 0.023 mL/min, p<0.05).

Conclusions Conclusion: This is the first study to show that WBV significantly increases muscle microvascular perfusion in healthy adults.  We are currently undertaking studies to determine if this WBV may be of benefit in populations with impaired microvascular perfusion, such as type 2 diabetes, for improving cardiometabolic health.
PO-266 The regulation mechanism of bcl-2 family on autophagy、apoptosis of motor skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Cheng Jinna
Published: October 2018

Objective To summarize the localization and regulation mechanism of Bcl-2 family on autophagy and apoptosis of exercise skeletal muscle. In order to provide new Intervention idea for metabolic diseases, sports injuries and post-game recovery of sports skeletal muscle.

Methods In the academic network of , CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfangshujuziyuanxitong-xueshuqikan, Elsevier Science Direct, and Journals@Ovid Full Text and other academic journals, search for Chinese and foreign literatures such as Bcl-2 protein, skeletal muscle, autophagy and apoptosis, and sort more than 170 articles, More than 50 articles are in line with the requirements, and the final reference is 49 articles.

Results 1) The regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins on apoptosis of exercise skeletal muscle autophagy was divided into localization and streaming regulation; 2) Bcl-2 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and binds beclin-1 to form a complex, Through stimulating ampk-ulki/akt-mtor pathway, FoxO, GAMKK underground, etc., the release signal of motor stress interferes with the decomposition of bcl-2-beclin-1 complex, releasing Beclin-1, activating autophagy; 3) The bcl-2 family protein is located in the mitochondrial membrane，exercise stress releases apoptotic signals→ BH3s activation or liberation of pro-apoptotic subfamily activity → recruitment of Bcl-2 family translocation to MOM → Bcl-2 family protein oligomerization → formation into MOMP→ finally promotion of cytochrome C Release→ activates apoptosis; 4) On the other hand, the Bc-2 family cooperates with intracellular Ca2+ signaling; the JNK phosphorylation pathway; the P53 gene and the ubiquitin protein Atg12 are streaming between autophagy and apoptosis.

Conclusions Autophagy and apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells can eliminate ROS caused by oxidative stress, damaged organelles, misfolded proteins and severely damaged cell tissues, in order to maintain normal energy metabolism of muscle cells, control inflammatory damage, and improve Skeletal muscle cell movement adaptability. The Bcl-2 family is a major regulatory protein that controls apoptosis. It can also target and regulate autophagy in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, in coordination with multiple signaling factors, streaming between autophagy and apoptosis. It can be regarded as an important target protein for the intervention of skeletal muscle motor injury and improvement of skeletal muscle motor ability.
PO-269 An overview of probiotics on the ergogenic effect
Authors: Xia Yali
Published: October 2018

Objective The paper provides an overview of probiotics on the ergogenic effect,which is prepared to demonstrate that moderate doses of probiotics have many benefits for the physical exercise，the development of related probiotic functional food is of great benefit to the majority of sports people.

Methods while probiotics as one of the most popular nutritional supplements,Many studies have shown that probiotics mixture(mainly lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterium) are supplemented can improve intestinal microflora, reduce intestinal permeability, control endotoxin transport and reduce the incidence of intestinal leakage;Promoteing the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCAFs), provide metabolic energy, enhance muscle strength and endurance, optimize muscle fiber composition, improve anti-fatigue ability;Improving the ability of immune regulation, such as reducing upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract infection symptoms ;Reducing the oxidative stress level, increasing the scavenging rate of superoxide anion radical, reducing capacity and iron ion chelating activity can alleviate the oxidative stress after heavy exercise；Supplementation of probiotics can reconstruct intestinal flora, and intestinal flora can affect bone health and enhance calcium absorption；ther studies have confirmed that probiotics can regulate emotional disorders through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and relieve anxiety and depression, which also contributes to the mental health of the exercise population

Results In addition, the amount of exercise, the variety of probiotics, the quantity of supplementation and the time of supply in the reference literature are different.Therefore, the experimental results are different, and the mechanism remains to be further studied.

Conclusions Moderate doses of probiotics have many benefits for the physical exercise，the development of related probiotic functional food is of great benefit to the majority of sports people.
PO-280 Effects of different exercise on autophagy and inflammation in visceral adipose tissue of obese
Authors: Zhao Yongjun , Wang Jing , He Yuxiu
Published: October 2018

Objective To compare the effectiveness of endurance exercise and resistance exercise in fat reduction, then to examine the impact of exercise on autophagy activity and inflammation response in visceral adipose tissue in obesity, finally to explore the relationship between autophagy and inflammation in adipose tissue after exercise.

Methods 42 obese mice were randomly divided into four groups as follows: high fat diet group (HC, n=9), normal diet group (NC, n=9), normal diet combined with endurance exercise intervention group (NE, n=12), and normal diet combined with resistance exercise intervention group (NR, n=12). NE and NR group conducted treadmill and ladder climbing exercise respectively for 8 weeks. Then to detect the gene and protein expression of autophagy, inflammation, ER stress and antioxidant markers using RT-PCR and WB, in addition, TEM and IHC were used to observe the autophagosome in visceral adipose tissue.

Results BW, Lee’s index and BFI were significantly decreased in all three intervention groups, and there is a great decreasing in the two exercise group, but no difference between them. Atg5, Becn1 expression and LC3II/I were decreased significantly in NE and NR group compared with HC, meanwhile p62 expression were significantly increased. When compared with NC group, p62 expression were significantly increased in NE and not happened in NR group. Becn1 mRNA expression increased and p62 protein expression decreased significantly in NR group when compared with NE group. IL-1β was decreased significantly in NC, NE and NR group compared with HC. In addition, IL-6 and IL-10 protein expression increased significantly both in NE and NR group. When compared with NC group, IL-6 and IL-10 protein expression increased and IL-1β was decreased significantly both in NE and NR group except IL-6 protein expression in NR group. IL-6 increased and IL-10 decreased significantly in NR group when compared with NE group. Finally we found that IL-10 showed a negative correlation with almost every autophagy markers used in this study.

Conclusions The effectiveness of 8wks different exercise intervention had no difference in fat reduction. The autophagic activity of visceral adipose tissue was inhibited after exercise, especially after aerobic exercise. Autophagy and inflammation enjoy the same trend before and after exercise intervention in visceral adipose tissue in obesity, and the IL-10 is the most sensitive factor in reflecting the relationship between autophagy and inflammation.
PO-283 Correlation Analysis between Blood Cell Viability, Five Elements and Competition Performance of Elite Men’s Rowers
Authors: Bai Junbei
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the national elite male rowers blood, red blood cell activity and serum copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron content of the five elements, and compared with the ordinary people. Aimed to investigate the between athletes, athletes and ordinary differences between the two sets of indicators and to explore the impact of element contents in red blood cell activity and five factors. Trying to bring two sets of indicators and specific combining ability, used in training on the monitoring function, and for the future to provide some references for further study.

Methods It was included 22 athletes and 22 ordinary men, as the research object, in the collection of blood, measuring red blood cell activity in the blood content of the five elements, simultaneous measurement of physical indicators , will be doing all the data at the differences between the two groups compared to the group to do correlation analysis. The recent record of 2000m, 6000m rowing Dynamometer test results, and red blood cell activity associated with the five elements of content analysis.

Results 1. Athletes indicators related to aerobic exercise were significantly higher than ordinary people. The white blood cells of athletes group were average.It shows that athletes have high aerobic capacity, while white blood cells are more stable than normal people.

The members of the national rowing men's iron, magnesium content was significantly higher than ordinary group, the iron content is higher than the normal reference value; blood calcium levels were significantly lower than ordinary people, and lower than the normal reference value.

The total number of red blood cells and the number of living cells was very significant positive correlation in two groups subjects; Red blood cell activity and red blood cell diameter is proportional, and red blood cell roundness in inverse proportion to the relationship; from this experiment a special ability to see red blood cell activity and there is no correlation.

In both groups, hemoglobin was positively correlated with iron content, while iron was positively correlated with copper content.

Conclusions 1. Increasing the number and volume of red blood cells can effectively increase the activity of red blood cells; red blood cell activity has no correlation with specific ability, and can not be used as an indicator to determine specific ability.

The content of iron and magnesium in rowers is higher than that in ordinary people, which indicates that the adjustment of aerobic capacity and nerve control is very effective. The lower calcium content indicates that the injury caused by calcium loss should be prevented and the urgency of calcium supplementation should be emphasized.

In training, we should pay attention to increasing hemoglobin content and aerobic capacity by supplementing iron. We can further consider the effect of supplementing copper to promote iron supplementation.
PO-299 Isokinetic Assessment of Lower Extremities in Chinese Elite Male Figure Skaters
Authors: Wang Yang , Liu Dongsen
Published: October 2018

Objective Figure skating is a kind of sport that is a unique combination of art and athleticism. In recent years, the increased emphasis on jumping skills has become apparent, the number of quadruple jump in 2018 winter olympic game was 2.2 times in short program and 2.5 times in long program in the top six male figure skating athletes’s program choreography compared with the 2014.The demand for more jumping skills has resulted in an increased demand for lower extremity strength, power, and “power endurance” to achieve high-difficulty skills while fatigued.But there are few researches about the strength characteristics of figure skaters.. Present research project aimed to analyse the characteristic of lower extremities strength of chinese elite male figure skaters.

Methods 13 nationally ranked male figure skaters volunteered for this study ([M±SD] n=13, height 175.0±5.8 cm, weight 67.9±7.9kg, age 21.5±2.9yrs). The datas were collected from 2009-2013 years.All of the athletes landing by the right leg.The dynamic strength of hip and knee were obtained using a Isomed2000 isokinetic dynamometer system(D&R Ferstl GmbH, Hemau,Germany). Datas were recorded with computer system. Hip strength were tested in the lying position, the testing side thigh was fixed on the adapter, the range of movement was 10-100 degrees. Knee strength were tested in the siting position, the testing side calf was fixed on the adapter, the range of movement was 10-90 degrees. The other part of body were fix by the aid system. Both test speed used were 60 deg/sec.Used spss19.0 to analyze the datas. Used pair-t test to analyze the differences between left and right. Significance level is P≤0.05

Results The maximal knee extensor torque of left(2.82±0.39Nm/kg) was lower(L/R:0.946±0.077) than right(2.99±0.39Nm/kg)(P=0.024).;the maximal hip extensor torque of left(5.17±0.56Nm/kg) was higher(L/R:1.079±0.107) than right(4.81±0.54Nm/kg)(P=0.023);the maximal hip flexor torque of left(2.18±0.30Nm/kg) was lower(L/R:0.925±0.105) than right(2.37±0.37Nm/kg)(P=0.02).There was no difference between left(1.64±0.19Nm/kg) and right(1.69±0.20Nm/kg) knee flexors.Three athletes had been found imbalance(20% difference between left and right) in hip muscle.The Flex/Ext ratio of left hip(0.423±0.049) was lower than right(0.497±0.078)(P=0.001).The Flex/Ext ratio of knee was no difference between left(0.590±0.081) and right(0.568±0.054).

Conclusions The results obtained in this study show that the hip muscle differences were the major difference of chinese elite male figure skaters. Coaches should pay more attention to hip strength training in future.
The relationship between teachers' perceptions of organizational justice and job satisfaction
Authors: Alanoğlu Müslim , Demirtaş Zülfü
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between teachers’ perceived organizational justice and job satisfaction. This quantitative study is designed in relational survey model. The sample of the research consists of 396 teachers working in the public high schools located in four central provinces of Mersin city. Organizational Justice Scale and Job Satisfaction Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed by using SPSS 21 package program. According to the findings, the level of perception of teachers' organizational justice and job satisfaction is high. Of the demographic variables, only professional tenure caused meaningful differentiation at job satisfaction. Other variables did not cause meaningful differences at organizational justice and job satisfaction perceptions. There is a meaningful, low level and positive relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction perception levels.
Profesor Lucyna Turek-Kwiatkowska (1925–2017). Szczeciński archiwista i historyk
Authors: Magiera Elżbieta
Published: October 2018

Professor Lucyna Turek-Kwiatkowska (1925–2017). Historian and Archivist of Szczecin Lucyna Turek-Kwiatkowska was a member of the community of Szczecin historians and archivists. She was the director of the State Archives in Szczecin and a professor at the University of Szczecin. She researched the history of Pomerania, history of West Pomeranian towns and cities, history of archives, education in Pomerania, development of historical awareness of Pomeranian society, material and spiritual culture in Pomerania in the 19th and in the first half of the 20th century. Her work had a pioneering character that supported the processes of social integration and adaptation inWest Pomerania.
Nowe formy kampu, nowa klasa kreatywna i wynikające stąd nieporozumienia
Authors: Sobolczyk Piotr
Published: October 2018

Autor tekstu stawia pytania, jak zmienia się relacja współczesnej polskiej kultury gejowskiej do kampu oraz jaka wskutek tych przemian jest relacja kampu do nowych zjawisk popkulturowych. Nadto autor rozważa, czy w odniesieniu do (kampowej) wspólnoty smaku i stylu życia można mówić o „nowej klasie kreatywnej” w rozumieniu Richarda Floridy. Dyskutowane są tu zjawiska takie jak „gejowskie diwy”, „winne przyjemności” (guilty pleasures), „beka” oraz „hipsteria”. Materiał pochodzi z polskiej prasy LGBTQ.