bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The NLRP1 Inflammasome Attenuates Colitis and Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis
Authors: Williams Tere M. , Leeth Rachel A. , Rothschild Daniel E. , Coutermarsh-Ott Sheryl L. , McDaniel Dylan K. , Simmons Alysha E. , Heid Bettina , Cecere Thomas E. , Allen Irving C.
Published: February 2015

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are a diverse family of pattern recognition receptors that are essential mediators of inflammation and host defense in the gastrointestinal system. Recent studies have identified a subgroup of inflammasome forming NLRs that modulate the mucosal immune response during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis associated tumorigenesis. To better elucidate the contribution of NLR family members in IBD and cancer, we conducted a retrospective analysis of gene expression metadata from human patients. These data revealed that NLRP1, an inflammasome forming NLR, was significantly dysregulated in IBD and colon cancer. To better characterize the function of NLRP1 in disease pathogenesis, we used Nlrp1b−/− mice in colitis and colitis-associated cancer models. In this paper, we report that NLRP1 attenuates gastrointestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis. Nlrp1b−/− mice demonstrated significant increases in morbidity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis compared with wild-type animals. Similar to data previously reported for related inflammsome forming NLRs, the increased inflammation and tumor burden was correlated with attenuated levels of IL-1β and IL-18. Further mechanistic studies using bone marrow reconstitution experiments revealed that the increased disease pathogenesis in the Nlrp1b−/− mice was associated with nonhematopoietic-derived cells and suggests that NLRP1 functions in the colon epithelial cell compartment to attenuate tumorigenesis. Taken together, these data identify NLRP1 as an essential mediator of the host immune response during IBD and cancer. These findings are consistent with a model whereby multiple NLR inflammasomes attenuate disease pathobiology through modulating IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the colon.
IL-1 Receptor Type 2 Suppresses Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Inhibiting IL-1 Signal on Macrophages
Authors: Shimizu Kenji , Nakajima Akiko , Sudo Katsuko , Liu Yang , Mizoroki Atsuhiko , Ikarashi Tetsuro , Horai Reiko , Kakuta Shigeru , Watanabe Toshiki , Iwakura Yoichiro
Published: February 2015

IL-1α and IL-1β (in this article referred to as IL-1) play important roles in host defense against infection and inflammatory diseases. IL-1R1 is the receptor for IL-1, and IL-1R2 is suggested to be a decoy receptor, because it lacks the signal-transducing TIR domain in the cytoplasmic part. However, the roles of IL-1R2 in health and disease remain largely unknown. In this study, we generated EGFP-knock-in Il1r2−/− mice and showed that they were highly susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis, an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis in which the expression of IL-1R2 is augmented in inflammatory joints. Il1r2 was highly expressed in neutrophils but had only low expression in other cells, including monocytes and macrophages. Ab production and T cell responses against type II collagen were normal in Il1r2−/− mice. Despite the high expression in neutrophils, no effects of Il1r2 deficiency were observed; however, we found that production of inflammatory mediators in response to IL-1 was greatly enhanced in Il1r2−/− macrophages. These results suggest that IL-1R2 is an important regulator of arthritis by acting specifically on macrophages as a decoy receptor for IL-1.
Biased Agonism as a Novel Strategy To Harness the Proresolving Properties of Melanocortin Receptors without Eliciting Melanogenic Effects
Authors: Montero-Melendez Trinidad , Gobbetti Thomas , Cooray Sadani N. , Jonassen Thomas E. N. , Perretti Mauro
Published: February 2015

There is a need for novel approaches to control pathologies with overexuberant inflammatory reactions. Targeting melanocortin (MC) receptors represents a promising therapy for obesity and chronic inflammation, but lack of selectivity and safety concerns limit development. A new way to increase selectivity of biological effects entails the identification of biased agonists. In this study, we characterize the small molecule AP1189 as a biased agonist at receptors MC1 and MC3. Although not provoking canonical cAMP generation, AP1189 addition to MC1 or MC3, but not empty vector, transfected HEK293 cells caused ERK1/2 phosphorylation, a signaling responsible for the proefferocytic effect evoked in mouse primary macrophages. Added to macrophage cultures, AP1189 reduced cytokine release, an effect reliant on both MC1 and MC3 as evident from the use of Mc1r−/− and Mc3r−/− macrophages. No melanogenesis was induced by AP1189 in B16-F10 melanocytes. In vivo, oral AP1189 elicited anti-inflammatory actions in peritonitis and, upon administration at the peak of inflammation, accelerated the resolution phase by ∼3-fold. Finally, given the clinical efficacy of adrenocorticotropin in joint diseases, AP1189 was tested in experimental inflammatory arthritis, where this biased agonist afforded significant reduction of macroscopic and histological parameters of joint disruption. These proof-of-concept analyses with AP1189, an active oral anti-inflammatory and resolution-promoting compound, indicate that biased agonism at MC receptors is an innovative, viable approach to yield novel anti-inflammatory molecules endowed with a more favorable safety profile.
Collagen Induces Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells by Signaling through Osteoclast-Associated Receptor
Authors: Schultz Heidi S. , Nitze Louise M. , Zeuthen Louise H. , Keller Pernille , Gruhler Albrecht , Pass Jesper , Chen Jianhe , Guo Li , Fleetwood Andrew J. , Hamilton John A. , Berchtold Martin W. , Panina Svetlana
Published: February 2015

Osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) is widely expressed on human myeloid cells. Collagen types (Col)I, II, and III have been described as OSCAR ligands, and ColII peptides can induce costimulatory signaling in receptor activator for NF-κB–dependent osteoclastogenesis. In this study, we isolated collagen as an OSCAR-interacting protein from the membranes of murine osteoblasts. We have investigated a functional outcome of the OSCAR–collagen interaction in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). OSCAR engagement by ColI/II-induced activation/maturation of DCs is characterized by upregulation of cell surface markers and secretion of cytokines. These collagen-matured DCs (Col-DCs) were efficient drivers of allogeneic and autologous naive T cell proliferation. The T cells expanded by Col-DCs secreted cytokines with no clear T cell polarization pattern. Global RNA profiling revealed that multiple proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines and cytokine receptors, components of the stable immune synapse (namely CD40, CD86, CD80, and ICAM-1), as well as components of TNF and TLR signaling, are transcriptional targets of OSCAR in DCs. Our findings indicate the existence of a novel pathway by which extracellular matrix proteins locally drive maturation of DCs during inflammatory conditions, for example, within synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients, where collagens become exposed during tissue remodeling and are thus accessible for interaction with infiltrating precursors of DCs.
Functional Analysis of a Complement Polymorphism (rs17611) Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Giles Joanna L. , Choy Ernest , van den Berg Carmen , Morgan B. Paul , Harris Claire L.
Published: February 2015

Complement is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); elevated levels of complement activation products have been measured in plasma, synovial fluid, and synovial tissues of patients. Complement polymorphisms are associated with RA in genome-wide association studies. Coding-region polymorphisms may directly impact protein activity; indeed, we have shown that complement polymorphisms affecting a single amino acid change cause subtle changes in individual component function that in combination have dramatic effects on complement activity and disease risk. In this study, we explore the functional consequences of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs17611) encoding a V802I polymorphism in C5 and propose a mechanism for its link to RA pathology. Plasma levels of C5, C5a, and terminal complement complex were measured in healthy and RA donors and correlated to rs17611 polymorphic status. Impact of the SNP on C5 functionality was assessed. Plasma C5a levels were significantly increased and C5 levels significantly lower with higher copy number of the RA risk allele for rs17611, suggesting increased turnover of C5 V802. Functional assays using purified C5 variants revealed no significant differences in lytic activity, suggesting that increased C5 V802 turnover was not mediated by complement convertase enzymes. C5 is also cleaved in vivo by proteases; the C5 V802 variant was more sensitive to cleavage with elastase and the “C5a” generated was biologically active. We hypothesize that this SNP in C5 alters the rate at which elastase generates active C5a in rheumatoid joints, hence recruiting neutrophils to the site thus maintaining a state of inflammation in arthritic joints.
Coleotterofauna acquatica e semiacquatica del bacino idrografico del Fiume Sieve (Toscana) (Insecta Coleoptera)
Authors: Cianferoni Fabio , Rocchi Saverio , Terzani Fabio , Mascagni Alessandro
Published: March 2015

il presente contributo riguarda la coleotterofauna acquatica e semiacquatica dell’intero bacino idrografico (acque lotiche e lentiche) del Fiume Sieve (Toscana). Vengono citati complessivamente 158 taxa, suddivisi in 17 famiglie: Sphaeriusidae (1), Gyrinidae (4), Haliplidae (6), Noteridae (1), Dytiscidae (48), Helophoridae (11), Georissidae (1), Hydrochidae (3), Hydrophilidae (16), Hydraenidae (34), Scirtidae (4), Elmidae (15), Dryopidae (5), Limnichidae (2), Heteroceridae (5), Chrysomelidae (1), Curculionidae (1). L’elenco comprende sia i dati presenti in letteratura che quelli derivanti da materiale inedito.
La Società Entomologica Italiana e l’applicazione delle leggi razziali del 1938
Authors: Poggi Roberto
Published: March 2015

Sulla base della scarna documentazione disponibile per il periodo 1938-1945, vengono sinteticamente analizzate l’applicazione delle leggi razziali del 1938 e la sua ricaduta sui soci della Società entomologica italiana.
Atti Sociali
Authors: Italiana Società Entomologica
Published: March 2015

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Adolescent and Parent Use of New Technologies for Health Communication: A Study in An Urban Latino Community
Authors: Smaldone Arlene , Stockwell Melissa S. , Osborne Jennel C. , Cortes Yamnia , Bekele ElShadey , Green Nancy S.
Published: March 2015

Background

Mobile communication technologies provide novel opportunities to support clinic-based health initiatives. Adoption of technologies for daily use and for health communication can differ between communities, depending upon demographic and cultural characteristics.

Design and methods

A survey was administered in adolescent primary care and subspecialty clinics to assess parent-adolescent preferences in use of mobile technologies and social media to support provider-patient communication in an urban Latino community.

Results

Of 130 respondents (65 parent-adolescent pairs), approximately half frequently sent and received text messages but lacked agreement regarding the other's text messaging use. In contrast, adolescents only rarely used email compared to parents (15.4% versus 37.5%, P=0.006). Of social media, Facebook™/MySpace™ was most frequently used by parents and youth (60% and 55.4%, P=0.59); however, most lacked interest in using social media for health communication. Parents reported more interest than adolescents in receiving email (73.4% versus 35.9%, P<0.001) and text messages (58.5% versus 33.9%, P=0.005) for health, but had more concerns about privacy issues (26.2% versus 9.2%, P=0.01). Respondents who were American born (aOR 5.7, 95%CI 1.2-28.5) or regularly used Instant Messaging or Facebook™/MySpace™ (aOR 4.6, 95%CI 1.4-14.7) were more likely to be interested in using social media for health communication.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the importance of targeted assessment for planning the utilization of communication technologies and social media in clinical care or research for underserved youth.
The Biologic Syndrome of Frailty in Heart Failure
Authors: Jermyn Rita , Patel Snehal
Published: March 2015

As we continue to care for an older and sicker end-stage heart failure population, it has become challenging to evaluate patients based on current risk scores that mainly focus on subjective symptoms and patient disability. For generations, geriatricians have sought to identify the body's underlying vulnerabilities that characterize frailty. More recently, cardiologists have begun to recognize this entity in their own practice. Several studies have suggested rates of frailty as high as 50% in patients with cardiovascular disease. However, despite recognizing frailty, it remains difficult to define. Like heart failure, frailty is a biologic syndrome that affects multiple organ systems. Measures of frailty are shown to strongly correlate with adverse outcomes in the health care system.
Обратная задача одновременного определения правой части и младшего коэффициента в параболическом уравнении со многими пространственными переменными
Authors: Kamynin Vitaly Leonidovich
Published: March 2015

Получены теоремы существования и единственности решения
обратной задачи одновременного определения правой части и
младшего коэффициента в многомерном параболическом уравнении
при условии интегрального наблюдения. Дана оценка максимума
модуля неизвестных коэффициентов с константами,
явно выписанными через входные данные задачи.
Библиография: 15 названий.
Перечисление помеченных геодезических планарных графов
Authors: Voblyi Vitalii Antonievich
Published: March 2015

Перечислены помеченные геодезические внешнепланарные
и планарные графы с заданным числом вершин, а также
получена асимптотика для числа таких графов
с большим количеством вершин.
Библиография: 9 названий.
О множествах единственности для гармонических и аналитических функций и обратных задачах для волновых уравнений
Authors: Kokurin Mikhail Yur'evich
Published: March 2015

Приводятся примеры одномерных аналитических множеств единственности
на сфере в $\mathbb{R}^3$ для гармонических функций и
примеры аналитических множеств на сфере в $\mathbb{R}^n$,
которые не могут содержать множества единственности.
Строятся аналитические кривые,
являющиеся множествами единственности
для вещественно аналитических функций в $\mathbb{R}^n$,
$n \geqslant 3$. Результаты используются для обоснования
схем зондирования неоднородностей при решении обратной задачи
акустического рассеяния в условиях совпадения координат источников
и детекторов.
Библиография: 17 названий.
О структуре множества точек совпадения
Authors: Arutyunov Aram Vladimirovich , Gel'man Boris Danilovich
Published: March 2015

Исследуется структура множества точек совпадения двух отображений, действующих из одного метрического пространства в другое. Изучены мощностные, метрические и топологические свойства множества точек
совпадения. Получены условия, при которых это множество: содержит не менее чем две точки; содержит не менее чем $n$ точек; содержит счетное подмножество; несчетно. В качестве приложения полученные результаты применены для изучения структуры множества двойных точек и множества неподвижных точек
многозначных сжимающих отображений.
Библиография: 12 названий.
Распределения элементов на нильпотентных многообразиях групп
Authors: Timoshenko Evgenii Iosifovich
Published: March 2015

Пусть $\mathfrak M$ - некоторое многообразие групп и $F_n(\mathfrak M)$ - свободная в $\mathfrak M$ группа с базисом $\{x_1,…,x_n\}$. Два элемента $u(x_1, …,x_n)$ и $v(x_1, …,x_n)$ из этой группы индуцируют одинаковые распределения на $\mathfrak M$, если для любой конечной группы $G \in \mathfrak M$ и любого элемента $g \in G$ уравнения $u(x_1,…,x_n)=g$ и $v(x_1,…, x_n)=g$ имеют одинаковое число
решений в $G^n$.
Доказано, что два элемента из коммутанта свободной группы многообразия нильпотентных групп ступени нильпотентности не выше 2 индуцируют одинаковые распределения на этом многообразии тогда и только тогда, когда эти элементы могут быть переведены друг в друга автоморфизмами, а для элементов, не лежащих в коммутанте, это не верно.
Библиография: 5 названий.
Changes in dissolved iron deposition to the oceans driven by human activity: a 3-D global modelling study
Authors: Myriokefalitakis S. , Daskalakis N. , Mihalopoulos N. , Baker A. R. , Nenes A. , Kanakidou M.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The global atmospheric iron (Fe) cycle is parameterized in the global 3-D chemical transport model TM4-ECPL to simulate the proton- and the organic ligand-promoted mineral Fe dissolution as well as the aqueous-phase photochemical reactions between the oxidative states of Fe(III/II). Primary emissions of total (TFe) and dissolved (DFe) Fe associated with dust and combustion processes are also taken into account. TFe emissions are calculated to amount to ~35 Tg Fe yr−1. The model reasonably simulates the available Fe observations, supporting the reliability of the results of this study. Accounting for proton- and organic ligand-promoted Fe-dissolution in present-day TM4-ECPL simulations, the total Fe-dissolution is calculated to be ~0.163 Tg Fe yr−1 that accounts for up to ~50% of the calculated total DFe emissions. The atmospheric burden of DFe is calculated to be ~0.012 Tg Fe. DFe deposition presents strong spatial and temporal variability with an annual deposition flux ~0.489 Tg Fe yr−1 from which about 25% (~0.124 Tg Fe yr−1) are deposited over the ocean. The impact of air-quality on Fe deposition is studied by performing sensitivity simulations using preindustrial (year 1850), present (year 2008) and future (year 2100) emission scenarios. These simulations indicate that an increase (~2 times) in Fe-dissolution may have occurred in the past 150 years due to increasing anthropogenic emissions and thus atmospheric acidity. On the opposite, a decrease (~2 times) of Fe-dissolution is projected for near future, since atmospheric acidity is expected to be lower than present-day due to air-quality regulations of anthropogenic emissions. The organic ligand contribution to Fe dissolution shows inverse relationship to the atmospheric acidity thus its importance has decreased since the preindustrial period but is projected to increase in the future. The calculated changes also show that the atmospheric DFe supply to High-Nutrient-Low-Chlorophyll oceanic areas (HNLC) characterized by Fe scarcity, has increased (~50%) since the preindustrial period. However, the DFe deposition flux is expected to decrease (~30%) to almost preindustrial levels over the Northern Hemisphere HNLC oceanic regions in the future. Significant reductions of ~20% over the Southern Ocean and the remote tropical Pacific Ocean are also projected which can further limit the primary productivity over HNLC waters.
Inferring global wind energetics from a simple Earth system model based on the principle of maximum entropy production
Authors: Karkar S. , Paillard D.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The question of total available wind power in the atmosphere is highly debated, as well as the effect large scale wind farms would have on the climate. Bottom-up approaches, such as those proposed by wind turbine engineers often lead to non-physical results (non-conservation of energy, mostly), while top-down approaches have proven to give physically consistent results. This paper proposes an original method for the calculation of mean annual wind energetics in the atmosphere, without resorting to heavy numerical integration of the entire dynamics. The proposed method is derived from a model based on the Maximum of Entropy Production (MEP) principle, which has proven to efficiently describe the annual mean temperature and energy fluxes, despite its simplicity. Because the atmosphere is represented with only one vertical layer and there is no vertical wind component, the model fails to represent the general circulation patterns such as cells or trade winds. However, interestingly, global energetic diagnostics are well captured by the mere combination of a simple MEP model and a flux inversion method.
Quantitative high-resolution observations of soil water dynamics in a complicated architecture using time-lapse ground-penetrating radar
Authors: Klenk P. , Jaumann S. , Roth K.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. High-resolution time-lapse ground-penetrating radar (GPR) observations of advancing and retreating water tables can yield a wealth of information about near-surface water content dynamics. In this study, we present and analyze a series of imbibition, drainage and infiltration experiments that have been carried out at our artificial ASSESS test site and observed with surface-based GPR. The test site features a complicated but known subsurface architecture constructed with three different kinds of sand. It allows the study of soil water dynamics with GPR under a wide range of different conditions. Here, we assess in particular (i) the feasibility of monitoring the dynamic shape of the capillary fringe reflection and (ii) the relative precision of monitoring soil water dynamics averaged over the whole vertical extent by evaluating the bottom reflection. The phenomenology of the GPR response of a dynamically changing capillary fringe is developed from a soil physical point of view. We then explain experimentally observed phenomena based on numerical simulations of both the water content dynamics and the expected GPR response.
Sampling frequency trade-offs in the assessment of mean transit times of tropical montane catchment waters under semi-steady-state conditions
Authors: Timbe E. , Windhorst D. , Celleri R. , Timbe L. , Crespo P. , Frede H.-G. , Feyen J. , Breuer L.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Precipitation event samples and weekly based water samples from streams and soils were collected in a tropical montane cloud forest catchment for 2 years and analyzed for stable water isotopes in order to understand the effect of sampling frequency in the performance of three lumped-parameter distribution functions (exponential-piston flow, linear-piston flow and gamma) which were used to estimate mean transit times of waters. Precipitation data, used as input function for the models, were aggregated to daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly and bi-monthly sampling resolutions, while analyzed frequencies for outflows went from weekly to bi-monthly. By using different scenarios involving diverse sampling frequencies, this study reveals that the effect of lowering the sampling frequency depends on the water type. For soil waters, with transit times on the order of few weeks, there was a clear trend of over predictions. In contrast, the trend for stream waters, which have a more damped isotopic signal and mean transit times on the order of 2 to 4 years, was less clear and showed a dependence on the type of model used. The trade-off to coarse data resolutions could potentially lead to misleading conclusions on how water actually moves through the catchment, notwithstanding that these predictions could reach better fitting efficiencies, fewer uncertainties, errors and biases. For both water types an optimal sampling frequency seems to be 1 or at most 2 weeks. The results of our analyses provide information for the planning of future fieldwork in similar Andean or other catchments.
Technical Note: Higher-order statistical moments and a procedure that detects potentially anomalous years as two alternative methods describing alterations in continuous environmental data
Authors: Arismendi I. , Johnson S. L. , Dunham J. B.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Statistics of central tendency and dispersion may not capture relevant or desired characteristics of the distribution of continuous phenomena and, thus, they may not adequately describe temporal patterns of change. Here, we present two methodological approaches that can help to identify temporal changes in environmental regimes. First, we use higher-order statistical moments (skewness and kurtosis) to examine potential changes of empirical distributions at decadal extents. Second, we adapt a statistical procedure combining a non-metric multidimensional scaling technique and higher density region plots to detect potentially anomalous years. We illustrate the use of these approaches by examining long-term stream temperature data from minimally and highly human-influenced streams. In particular, we contrast predictions about thermal regime responses to changing climates and human-related water uses. Using these methods, we effectively diagnose years with unusual thermal variability and patterns in variability through time, as well as spatial variability linked to regional and local factors that influence stream temperature. Our findings highlight the complexity of responses of thermal regimes of streams and reveal their differential vulnerability to climate warming and human-related water uses. The two approaches presented here can be applied with a variety of other continuous phenomena to address historical changes, extreme events, and their associated ecological responses.
Low below-ground organic carbon storage in a subarctic Alpine permafrost environment
Authors: Fuchs M. , Kuhry P. , Hugelius G.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This study investigates the soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in Tarfala Valley, northern Sweden. Field inventories, upscaled based on land cover, show that this alpine permafrost environment does not store large amounts of SOC, with an estimate mean of 0.9 ± 0.2 kg C m−2 for the upper meter of soil. This is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower than what has been reported for lowland permafrost terrain. The SOC storage varies for different land cover classes and ranges from 0.05 kg C m−2 for stone-dominated to 8.4 kg C m−2 for grass-dominated areas. No signs of organic matter burial through cryoturbation or slope processes were found, and radiocarbon-dated SOC is generally of recent origin (<2000 cal yr BP). An inventory of permafrost distribution in Tarfala Valley, based on the bottom temperature of snow measurements and a logistic regression model, showed that at an altitude where permafrost is probable the SOC storage is very low. In the high-altitude permafrost zones (above 1500 m), soils store only ca. 0.1 kg C m−2. Under future climate warming, an upward shift of vegetation zones may lead to a net ecosystem C uptake from increased biomass and soil development. As a consequence, alpine permafrost environments could act as a net carbon sink in the future, as there is no loss of older or deeper SOC from thawing permafrost.
Continuïteit van ondernemingen en pre-pack – hoe een idee een Europese richtlijn mist
Authors: Beltzer R.M.
Published: February 2015

Continuïteit van ondernemingen en pre-pack – hoe een idee een Europese richtlijn mist

Zoals bij elk nieuw fenomeen geldt ook voor de pre-pack dat juridische onduidelijkheden bestaan. Een voor de praktijk belangrijke vraag is of er redenen zijn aan te nemen dat een voortzetting van de onderneming door middel van een zogenoemde pre-pack een overgang van onderneming zou kunnen impliceren. De auteur stelt dat, ondanks de bewoordingen van art. 7:666 BW, een categorische uitsluiting van de regels met betrekking tot overgang van onderneming in faillissement wellicht in strijd is met Europese regels.
Private enforcement van het mededingingsrecht: de toekomst van schadevergoedingsprocedures voor kartelschade in Nederland
Authors: Houdijk J. , Schäfers T.
Published: February 2015

Private enforcement van het mededingingsrecht: de toekomst van schadevergoedingsprocedures voor kartelschade in Nederland

De handhaving c.q. afdwinging van (de normen van) het mededingingsrecht kent een duale uitwerking. Deze kenmerkt zich namelijk door een publiekrechtelijke en een privaatrechtelijke dimensie. De publiekrechtelijke handhaving is in handen van de nationale mededingingsautoriteiten, zoals de Autoriteit Consument & Markt in Nederland, en van de Europese Commissie binnen de Europese Unie. Publiekrechtelijke interventie heeft tot dusver steeds voorop gelopen binnen de Europese Unie en binnen de EU-lidstaten. Privaatrechtelijke handhaving, dan wel private enforcement, is echter aan een opkomst bezig: het betreft hier de toepassing van mededingingsrechtelijke normen in geschillen tussen private partijen, in het bijzonder in procedures die draaien om schadeverhaal ten aanzien van schade die een onderneming heeft geleden door de kartelgedragingen van andere marktpartijen. De opkomst van het fenomeen van private enforcement van het mededingingsrecht is recent kracht bij gezet door nieuwe regelgevingsinitiatieven van de Europese Commissie. In de Nederlandse rechtspraak zijn inmiddels de eerste schadevergoedingszaken vanwege (gestelde) kartelschade aanhangig. Ondanks deze initiatieven staat private enforcement van het mededingingsrecht in Nederland nog in de kinderschoenen: er zijn nog veel onduidelijkheden en nog vele stappen te zetten alvorens het is uitgegroeid tot een volwassen rechtsgebied. Denk hierbij aan de vaststelling c.q. berekening van geleden schade. Ook op het vlak van de organisatie en financiering van claim(procedure)s zijn interessante ontwikkelingen gaande in de vorm van voorstellen tot nieuwe Nederlandse wetgeving op het gebied van de ‘class action’.
Caracterização dos sistemas de produção de leite de cabra no município de Monteiro, Cariri da Paraíba
Authors: Silva Elisângela Maria Nunes da , De Souza Bonifácio Benicio , Silva Gustavo De Assis , De Azevedo Sérgio Santos , Lopes José Júnior
Published: February 2015

Objetivou-se com esse trabalho fazer uma caracterização dos sistemas de produção de leite de cabra no município de Monteiro (PB). As informações foram obtidas por meio da aplicação de questionário composto por perguntas referentes à propriedade, rebanho, produção e manejo, do tipo entrevista estruturada. Os resultados demonstraram que 64,7% (110/170) do total das propriedades do estudo pertenciam aos próprios produtores de leite. Com relação ao tamanho, foi observado que 66,4% (113/170) das propriedades possuíam área com até 30 ha. Também foi observado que as raças Saanen e Alpina eram criadas em maior percentual 37,6% (64/170) nas propriedades em estudo. Com relação à produção diária de leite, 90% das propriedades (153/170) produziam até 30 kg/leite/dia e a maior parte dos animais, tinham uma produção média de um a 1,5 kg/leite/dia. Os sistemas de produção de Monteiro na Paraíba são em sua maioria de base familiar, com propriedades inferiores a 50 ha e com baixo uso de tecnologias. O sistema semi-intensivo apresentou-se como o mais utilizado no município. A ausência de reservas estratégicas de forragem na maioria das propriedades representa um ponto crítico para a atividade leiteira nessa região.
Achados de formas jovens e adultas de Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) em bovinos durante inspeção post-mortem
Authors: Ribeiro Veridiana Pierosan da Silva , Leite Selene Cirio , Lehmkuhl Wanderley Francisco , Zadorosnei Ana Carolina Bazo , Borges Sergio Silva , Leite Marcelle Cirio , Silveira Matheus Folgearini , Leite Luiz Carlos
Published: February 2015

A fasciolose hepática desencadeia processo inflamatório crônico no fígado e órgãos anexos de animais domésticos e silvestres, levando em alguns casos à calcificação e obstrução de ductos biliares. A afecção é causada por Fasciola hepatica (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda: Digenea), um helminto responsável por consideráveis perdas econômicas em animais de produção. Os sinais e sintomas variam de acordo com a fase, localização, duração da infecção e número de exemplares adultos presentes nos órgãos afetados. Na fase aguda da doença, a migração larval no organismo do hospedeiro provoca diarréia, má digestão e absorção, icterícia, hepatomegalia, leucocitose e eosinofilia. Na fase crônica, os parasitos adultos presentes no interior de canais e ductos biliares induzem inflamação e obstrução. Hospedeiros portadores da doença crônica apresentam cirrose hepática, perda de peso e baixa resistência, ocasionalmente resultando em morte do paciente. Os seres humanos são considerados hospedeiros acidentais. O presente relato descreve três achados de formas adultas de F. hepatica em fígados, e um caso de migração errática de parasitas jovens, reportados durante trabalhos de inspeção post-mortem de bovinos em frigorífico sob inspeção federal (SIF) no Estado do Paraná. O objetivo do trabalho foi destacar a importância desta zoonose em saúde pública e saúde animal.
Óleo de dendê (Elaeais guineensis Jaquim) na alimentação de poedeiras leves em clima tropical
Authors: Nogueira Marina De Almeida , Cruz Frank George Guimarães , Tanaka Ewerton De Souza , Rufino João Paulo Ferreira , Santana Thiago Macedo
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e qualidade do ovo da suplementação de níveis crescentes (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5%) de óleo de dendê em rações de poedeiras leves. O experimento teve duração de 105 dias com cinco intervalos de 21 dias cada. Foram utilizadas 144 poedeiras Hissex White com 32 semanas de idade alojadas em 24 gaiolas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições de seis aves cada. O óleo de dendê foi utilizado nas rações como fonte energética e pigmentante da gema do ovo. As estimativas dos níveis de óleo de dendê foram determinadas através de regressão polinomial. O consumo de ração, produção de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos e conversão alimentar por massa de ovos não foram influenciados significativamente (P > 0,05) pelos tratamentos. A altura do albúmen apresentou efeito quadrático, obtendo seu melhor desempenho nos níveis 2% e 5% de óleo de dendê nas rações. A espessura da casca foi afetada pelos tratamentos (P < 0,05), tendo o nível 5% apresentado melhor resultado. A pigmentação da gema foi influenciada pelos tratamentos (P < 0,05) aumentando proporcionalmente ao nível de inclusão de óleo de dendê nas rações, tendo o nível 5% apresentado maior pigmentação (6,2). O óleo de dendê pode ser utilizado como alimento alternativo e fonte natural de pigmento da gema do ovo. É possível utilizar até 5% de óleo de dendê em rações para poedeiras leves sem afetar o desempenho produtivo das aves.
Análise da mediação da capacidade de inovação em mercado
Authors: Jeffman dos Santos Mirela , Gattermann Perin Marcelo , Hoffmann Sampaio Cláudio
Published: February 2015

O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar a mediação da Capacidade de Inovação em Mercado (CIM) na relação entre a Orientação ao Consumidor (OC) e o Sucesso de Novos Produtos (SNP), bem como o efeito moderador positivo da Turbulência Tecnológica (TT) na relação entre a CIM e o SNP. O estudo utilizou-se de um levantamento realizado com empresas industriais brasileiras. Para testar as hipóteses, empregaram-se as técnicas de modelagem de equações estruturais multigrupoe Sobel ɀ-teste. Os resultados indicaram a mediação total da CIM na relação entre OC e SNP e confirmaram o efeito moderador positivo da TT.
Seleção de fornecedores e níveis de valor no mercado de food service
Authors: Filho José Edson Moysés , Ferreira Pimenta Renato , Strehlau Suzane
Published: February 2015

O foco desta pesquisa são as relações entre fornecedores e clientes de empresas de pequeno e médio porte do mercado de food service sob a perspectiva do Marketing de Relacionamento (MR). O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a correlação, em níveis de valor, das estratégias de MR e os fatores que determinam a seleção de fornecedores no B2B do setor de food service. Inicialmente, foi realizado um estudo exploratório e, posteriormente, uma análise das informações obtidas, com a aplicação de uma survey em uma amostra de 244 estabelecimentos varejistas de alimentação fora do lar. Os dados foram tratados a partir da aplicação da técnica de estatística descritiva e da análise de variância (ANOVA). Os resultados sugerem uma lógica multidimensional entre o MR, os níveis de valor e os critérios de seleção de fornecedores gerados por meio de suas redes organizacionais, que parecem se concretizar no equilíbrio dos relacionamentos efetuados e na realidade do mercado em que as empresas operam.
Formulação e implementação da estratégia de marketing: produção científica brasileira – 2001 a 2010
Authors: Machado Toaldo Ana Maria , Biegas Sandra , Semprebom Elder , Vivan Luiz Alberto , Zancan Marchetti Renato
Published: February 2015

Este estudo explora as publicações sobre o processo de formulação e implementação da estratégia de marketing no período de 2001 a 2010, abrangendo 19 revistas e 10 eventos brasileiros de administração com Qualis CAPES 2011 entre A1 e B2. Por meio da técnica de bibliometria e análise de conteúdo, foi possível identificar e quantificar: a) as publicações anuais nas revistas e eventos; b) a publicação por autores; c) a abordagem dos artigos; d) os temas desenvolvidos; e e) as estratégias de pesquisa e os métodos de coleta e tratamento de dados utilizados. Os resultados apontam para um total de 14 publicações sobre processo de formulação e implementação da estratégia de marketing, com maior concentração de publicações em eventos, totalizando 11 trabalhos.
A conceptual development of value appropriability for marketing channel strategy
Authors: Brashear Alejandro Thomas , Kang Jun
Published: February 2015

Channel strategy value relevance and the underlying value appropriation processes of channels center on a firm’s ability to retain the tangible and intangible value created in channels. The contribution of a channel strategy to a firm is determined not only by the amount of value created during the distribution process, but also by the ultimate value appropriated by the firm. This study contributes to our knowledge of the value appropriation process in channels through an extension of existing literature on channel appropriability strategies. Our examination of the value appropriation processes in channels is integral to the execution of a maximization approach of value capture in channel strategy. We further propose that an emphasis on value appropriation may help a firm develop a comprehensive and appropriate channel strategy which ultimately contributes to intangible firm value. This research contributes to channels literature in the integration of different theoretical perspectives and suggestions for designing future research on the value creation side of channel strategies.
Designing hypercitizenship methodologically
Authors: Pitasi Andrea
Published: February 2015

This paper is essentially epistemological and methodological and is aimed at designing the hypercitizen methodological toolkit. It is not merely through an indicator based approach but also on a modelling based approach and a metatheoretical one (Stepanic et al., 2005: 858). Conceptually, it evolves by reframing the key global changes of our times under the emer-gence of hypercitizenship from a multidimensional convergence among different kinds of citizenship Pitasi, 2013; Pitasi- Angrisani , 2013): cosmopolitan (Beck, 2006), scientific (Nowotny, 2008), societarian (Donati, 1993), entrepreneurial (I evolved by reinterpreting Audretsch, 2007 who, properly, copes with the “entrepreneurial society” not the entrepre-neurial citizenship).The four dimensions are shaped systemically (Luhmann, 1990, 1997) through a social free energy/social entropy coding (Stepanic et al., 2005: 860).
Direitos dos animais domésticos: análise comparativa dos estatutos de proteção
Authors: Souza Alinne Silva de
Published: February 2015

Atualmente, a questão dos maus tratos e da crueldade contra animais domésticos, em especial cães e gatos, tem sido bastante recorrente na sociedade e na mídia em geral, o que fez surgir movimentos, campanhas e até ações judiciais neste sentido. O abandono desses animais causa superpopulação nas ruas, trazendo inúmeros transtornos e, dentre eles, ameaças à saúde pública. Inúmeras são as organizações não governamentais voltadas ao fim de proteger esses animais, assim como muitos países já adotaram leis protetivas. O artigo 15 da Carta da Terra criada na RIO+5 (19ª Sessão Especial da Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas) dispõe que todas as criaturas devem ser tratadas decentemente e protegidas da crueldade, sofrimento e matança desnecessária. No Brasil, os animais domésticos são tutelados pela Constituição Federal de 1988 e os maus tratos configuram crime ambiental, bem como o abandono. Percebe-se, então, que diante da situação atual, esses direitos não têm sido tutelados de forma correta, seja pela falta de uma política pública específica, seja pela falta de órgãos reguladores.
Atividade econômica, terrorismo e sistema de preservação dos direitos humanos
Authors: Matos Rebêlo Felipe Cesar José
Published: February 2015

O terrorismo tem causado sérios aborrecimentos à sociedade internacional. Desde o atentado ocorrido nos Estados Unidos da América em 11 de setembro de 2001, o mundo nunca mais seria mesmo. Diante de uma situação de instabilidade, as sanções passaram a ser bruscas e, muitas vezes, direitos vitais, como os Direitos Humanos, além da própria atividade econômica, passaram a sofrer, inadvertidamente, restrições. Como consequência, compreender o terrorismo e a forma eficaz de combatê-lo passa por compreender o que significa, realmente, a aplicação do sistema de tutela dos Direitos Humanos, a maneira de efetivação da legislação internacional, bem como a forma como devem se portar o Estado e a Comunidade Internacional perante tal quadro.
O regime jurídico da pesca na Argentina
Authors: Esain José Alberto
Published: February 2015

O presente artigo busca analisar o regime jurídico da pesca na Argentina. Estuda-se a caracterização dos peixes como objetos na legislação civil, sua evolução como bens de domínio público a partir do monopólio estatal do acesso à pesca e a posterior adoção da Lei Federal da Pesca n. 24.922 e o surgimento de mecanismos variados de administração para cada espécie. Por fim, o trabalho analisa a sanção da Lei Geral do Ambiente em 2002, que provocou uma nova evolução na gestão dos seres vivos marítimos, adotando-se mecanismos de direito ambiental no sistema da pesca.
La protección juridica administrativa de la atmósfera y cambio climatico
Authors: Mejía Henry Alexander
Published: February 2015

Para resolver el problema de la contaminación atmosférica deben articularse mecanismos que lo enfrenten de forma integral dado sus repercusiones de orden planetario.  Este tipo de contaminación desbasta la capa de ozono y las emisiones producen el efecto invernadero, conllevándonos a un cambio en el clima de las estaciones planetarias, desde subidas y altas de temperatura, sequias o inundaciones. El artículo tiene el objetivo de poner en relieve las medidas que se han tomado en el marco del Derecho Internacional del medio ambiente donde se han buscado vías para su solución, y por supuesto las medidas que individuales que deben tomar cada uno de los Estados, según sus capacidades económicas.
Organização política regional na América-Latina: necessidade específica ou escolha caprichosa?
Authors: Giambarresi Ganho Luciano , Weiss Brandt Rafael
Published: February 2015

O presente artigo pretende estudar a relação entre a globalização e seus efeitos sobre o Estado-nação. A partir destes elementos propor a viabilização de organizações políticas supranacionais no plano regional Latino-Americano, que contenham em sua estrutura instrumentos de participação democrática e de controle das decisões por meio dos cidadãos, de forma a viabilizar o exercício da cidadania, evitando a submissão das decisões internacionais às lógicas meramente econômicas.
Optimization of Parking Public Transport Vehicles in Ostrava
Authors: Teichmann Dušan , Dorda Michal , Bínová Helena , Ludvík Martin
Published: March 2015

A typical trait of public transport is a spatially scattered demand. A route net that is operated by a carrier (or several carriers) has to be adapted to the demand. Public transport vehicles that are not used during a period of a day are usually parked in defined parking lots that have a given capacity. When the vehicle goes from the place where its schedule ends (usually a terminus of the last connection served by the vehicle) to the place where the vehicle should be parked, a non-productive journey occurs. The same occurs at the beginning of the vehicle schedule as well. The main goal of the paper is to present a mathematical model that enables minimization of the total length of all the non-productive journeys. Functionality of the proposed mathematical model was tested in the conditions of a real bus public transport network.
A social chemosignaling function for human handshaking
Authors: Frumin Idan , Perl Ofer , Endevelt-Shapira Yaara , Eisen Ami , Eshel Neetai , Heller Iris , Shemesh Maya , Ravia Aharon , Sela Lee , Arzi Anat , Sobel Noam
Published: March 2015

Social chemosignaling is a part of human behavior, but how chemosignals transfer from one individual to another is unknown. In turn, humans greet each other with handshakes, but the functional antecedents of this behavior remain unclear. To ask whether handshakes are used to sample conspecific social chemosignals, we covertly filmed 271 subjects within a structured greeting event either with or without a handshake. We found that humans often sniff their own hands, and selectively increase this behavior after handshake. After handshakes within gender, subjects increased sniffing of their own right shaking hand by more than 100%. In contrast, after handshakes across gender, subjects increased sniffing of their own left non-shaking hand by more than 100%. Tainting participants with unnoticed odors significantly altered the effects, thus verifying their olfactory nature. Thus, handshaking may functionally serve active yet subliminal social chemosignaling, which likely plays a large role in ongoing human behavior.
Large-scale whole genome sequencing of M. tuberculosis provides insights into transmission in a high prevalence area
Authors: Guerra-Assunção JA , Crampin AC , Houben RMGJ , Mzembe T , Mallard K , Coll F , Khan P , Banda L , Chiwaya A , Pereira RPA , McNerney R , Fine PEM , Parkhill J , Clark TG , Glynn JR
Published: March 2015

To improve understanding of the factors influencing tuberculosis transmission and the role of pathogen variation, we sequenced all available specimens from patients diagnosed over 15 years in a whole district in Malawi. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages were assigned and transmission networks constructed, allowing ≤10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) difference. We defined disease as due to recent infection if the network-determined source was within 5 years, and assessed transmissibility from forward transmissions resulting in disease. High-quality sequences were available for 1687 disease episodes (72% of all culture-positive episodes): 66% of patients linked to at least one other patient. The between-patient mutation rate was 0.26 SNPs/year (95% CI 0.21–0.31). We showed striking differences by lineage in the proportion of disease due to recent transmission and in transmissibility (highest for lineage-2 and lowest for lineage-1) that were not confounded by immigration, HIV status or drug resistance. Transmissions resulting in disease decreased markedly over time.
Silencing sounds off
Authors: Chen Yu-Fan , Gartenberg Marc R
Published: March 2015

Silent chromatin in budding yeast is propagated from one generation to the next, even though ‘silenced’ genes are occasionally expressed.
Fighting an old disease with next-generation sequencing
Authors: Dippenaar Anzaan , Warren Robin M
Published: March 2015

Whole genome sequencing has revealed that most cases of tuberculosis in a high-incidence setting in Malawi were caused by just one lineage of the bacterium responsible for the disease.