bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Clinical Influenza Disease by Type and Subtype 2015–2020: A Multicenter, Prospective Study
Authors: Grioni Hanna M , Sullivan Erin , Strelitz Bonnie , Lacombe Kirsten , Klein Eileen J , Boom Julie A , Sahni Leila C , Michaels Marian G , Williams John V , Halasa Natasha B , Stewart Laura S , Staat Mary A , Schlaudecker Elizabeth P , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Harrison Christopher J , Schuster Jennifer E , Weinberg Geoffrey A , Szilagyi Peter G , Singer Monica N , Azimi Parvin H , Clopper Benjamin R , Moline Heidi L , Campbell Angela P , Olson Samantha M , Englund Janet A
Published: October 2024

Background

Previous investigations into clinical signs and symptoms associated with influenza types and subtypes have not definitively established differences in the clinical presentation or severity of influenza disease.

Methods

The study population included children 0–17 years old enrolled at 8 New Vaccine Surveillance Network sites between 2015 and 2020 who tested positive for influenza virus by molecular testing. Demographic and clinical data were collected for study participants via parent/guardian interviews and medical chart reviews. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics by influenza subtype. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the effects of age, sex, influenza subtype, and history of asthma on severity, including hospital admission, need for supplemental oxygen, and length of stay.

Results

Retractions, cyanosis, and the need for supplemental oxygen were more frequently observed among patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Headaches and sore throat were more commonly reported among patients with influenza B. Children with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and children with asthma had significantly increased odds of hospital admission (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.69; AOR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.72–2.67, respectively). During admission, children with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 had significantly increased use of supplemental oxygen compared to children with A(H3N2) (AOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44–0.82) or B (AOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41–0.76).

Conclusions

Among children presenting to the emergency department and admitted to the hospital, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 caused more severe disease compared to influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B. Asthma also contributed to severe influenza disease regardless of subtype.
Internal radiation dose estimates in organs of Wistar rats exposed to sprayed neutron-activated 31SiO2 microparticles: first results of international multicenter study
Authors: Stepanenko Valeriy , Sato Hitoshi , Kaprin Andrey , Fujimoto Nariaki , Kushugulova Almagul , Ivanov Sergey , Shegay Peter , Bogacheva Viktoria , Petukhov Alexey , Zhumadilov Kassym , Ostroumova Evgenia , Yasuda Hiroshi , Kawano Noriyuki , Ohtaki Megu , Endo Satoru , Sakaguchi Aya , Chulenbayeva Laura , Mukhanbetzhanov Nurislam , Hoshi Masaharu
Published: October 2024

Neutron-activated 31Si is an almost pure beta emitter and is one of the short-lived radionuclides, including beta-gamma emitter 56Mn, which were created in a form of residual radioactivity in the early period after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The features of the biological effects of internal irradiation by these radionuclides are a subject of scientific discussions and research. The publication presents data on internal radiation doses in experimental Wistar rats that were exposed to sprayed neutron-activated microparticles of 31SiO2. Doses of internal radiation could be conditionally divided into three groups according to their values. It has been found that elevated values of internal radiation doses in rats’ organs/tissues as a result of exposure to sprayed 31SiO2 microparticles with initial activity of 3.2 × 107 Bq varied from 10 to 120 mGy (eyes, lungs, skin, stomach, jejunum, large intestine). The moderate dose values were in the range from 1.9 to 3.7 mGy (trachea, esophagus, ileum). The smallest doses were received by the kidney, testis, blood, cerebellum, heart, liver, cerebrum, bladder, spleen and thymus (from 0.11 to 0.94 mGy). The obtained data are important for interpreting the results of ongoing and planned biological experiments with 31SiO2 microparticles—in comparison with the previously published data on features of biological effects caused by beta-gamma emitting 56MnO2 neutron-activated microparticles.
A case of benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Wassef Jessica , Kim Jane , Farag Tasneem , Masoudpour Hassan , Tsioulias George
Published: October 2024

Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma (BMPM) is an exceedingly rare benign abdominal neoplasm with fewer than 200 cases reported worldwide. Owing to its rarity, vague clinical picture, and elusive causes, diagnosis is often delayed or missed. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining are crucial for definitive diagnosis. However, due to lack of substantial literature, the standard of care and future prognosis remain subjects of inquiry. We present a case report of one female patient diagnosed with BMPM and treated with surgical resection.
Successful surgical resection of an incidental primary lung giant cell carcinoma
Authors: Umali Jurgienne , Taylor Jenelle
Published: October 2024

Giant cell carcinomas of the lung (GCCL) are aggressive tumors, with most patients having metastatic disease at presentation. However, giant cell carcinomas of the lungs are rare and account for 0.1%–0.4% of primary lung malignancies. Thus, the literature on the disease is limited. This case report presents an asymptomatic young patient with an incidental lung mass on a background of childhood abdominal rhabdomyosarcoma with lung metastasis. After undergoing surgical resection, the final tumor pathology was in keeping with primary giant cell carcinoma. The purpose of this case report is to contribute to the understanding of giant cell carcinomas of the lung.
Children’s participation matters: a step towards institutional and legal innovation in Spain
Authors: Abellán-López María Á , Pardo-Beneyto Gonzalo
Published: October 2024

Since its adoption in 1989, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) has had a significant impact on multilevel legislation regarding children’s rights. This research aims to examine the Spanish legislation on childhood and adolescence in four autonomous communities and in the central state. To achieve this objective, a sociological neoinstitutionalist approach and qualitative methodology based on content analysis and coding using MAXQDA software in its 2022 version were employed. The study focused on the language of the rules, objectives, system of governance, and participation as the main variables. The analysis allowed for an understanding of the discourse and degree of development of these variables. The results of this research reveal the importance of CRC and its influence on national legislation. Additionally, the emphasis on protection policies for the creation of a sphere for children and adolescents is noteworthy. Lastly, the instruments of participation vary but tend to take institutionalized forms. This research contributes to our understanding of the impact of CRC and its influence on childhood and adolescence legislation in Spain.
Reduced Vancomycin Susceptibility in Clostridioides difficile Is Associated With Specific Ribotypes
Authors: Eubank Taryn A , Dureja Chetna , Gonzales-Luna Anne J , Hurdle Julian G , Garey Kevin W
Published: October 2024

Background

Reduced vancomycin (VAN) susceptibility in clinical Clostridioides difficile isolates is correlated with poor clinical outcomes. However, factors associated with infection with these strains are unknown. The goal of this study was to determine risk factors for reduced VAN susceptibility among clinical isolates of C. difficile.

Methods

This multicenter cohort study included adults with C. difficile infection (CDI) between 2016 and 2021. Clinical C. difficile isolates underwent agar dilution VAN susceptibility testing and ribotyping. Reduced susceptibility was defined as a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 2 µg/mL. Medical charts were reviewed for host, pathogen, and hospital characteristics and assessed for predictors of reduced VAN susceptibility.

Results

Five hundred and ninety-four hospitalized patients with CDI between 2016 and 2021 (female: 57%, age >65 years: 55%, White/non-Hispanic: 59%, nonsevere CDI episode: 53%) were identified. Of 594 isolates, 173 (29%) had reduced VAN susceptibility (MIC50: 2 µg/mL, MIC90: 4 µg/mL). In multivariable analysis, ribotype (RT) 027 (odds ratio [OR]: 13.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7–23.4; P < .0001) and RT 255 (OR: 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4–6.1; P = .005) were positively associated with reduced VAN susceptibility whereas RT 014–020 (OR: 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21–0.80; P = .0092) was more likely to be susceptible to VAN. The prevalence of strains with reduced VAN susceptibility increased over time (P = .0163). No patient- or hospitalization-specific variable predicted infection with reduced susceptibility strain.

Conclusions

Certain ribotypes, including RT 027, were the sole independent risk factors for reduced VAN susceptibility. Increased clinical surveillance of these strains, especially RT 027, and their antibiotic susceptibly is warranted to inform prescribing practices.
Integration of carbon capture utilization and storage into sustainable energy policies in Africa: the case of Liberia
Authors: Eze Val Hyginus Udoka , Tamba John Saah , Eze Martin C , Okafor Wisdom O , Bawor Foday Hassan
Published: October 2024

The state of Liberia in Africa faces profound energy challenges including limited electricity access and heavy dependence on traditional biomass and imported fossil fuels with high emissions. Traditional biomass fuels comprise over 80% of Liberia’s energy consumption. Around half of the power production is based on fossil fuels. Various carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies would therefore be relevant. This study analyzed the potential role of CCUS and its relation to energy and climate policies in Liberia. By synthesizing different perspectives, this study provides guidelines for further development of CCUS in Liberia and Africa.
CLAVATA3 INSENSITIVE RECEPTOR KINASEs regulate lateral root initiation and spacing in Arabidopsis
Authors: Meng Xianghu , Ye Rui , Cao Jing , Tao Liang , Wang Zhe , Kong Tianzhen , Hu Chong , Yi Jing , Gou Xiaoping
Published: October 2024

The root system architecture is very critical for plants to adapt to ever-changing environmental stimulations and is largely affected by lateral roots (LRs). Therefore, how plants regulate LR initiation and spacing is a key point for root system development. Previous studies have shown that RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 7 (RLK7) and its ligand TARGET OF LBD SIXTEEN 2 (TOLS2) control the initiation and spacing of LRs. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the perception and transduction of the TOLS2 signal by RLK7 remains to be elucidated. In this study, we explored whether CLAVATA3 INSENSITIVE RECEPTOR KINASEs (CIKs) are critical signaling components during Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) LR development by investigating phenotypes of cik mutants and examining interactions between CIKs and members of the RLK7-mediated signaling pathway. Our results showed that high-order cik mutants generated more LRs because of more LR initiation and defective LR spacing. The cik mutants showed reduced sensitivity to applied TOLS2 peptides. TOLS2 application enhanced the interactions between CIKs and RLK7 and the RLK7-dependent phosphorylation of CIKs. In addition, overexpression of transcription factor PUCHI and constitutive activation of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 4 (MKK4) and MKK5 partially rescued the spacing defects of LRs in cik and rlk7-3 mutants. Moreover, we discovered that auxin maximum in pericycle cells altered subcellular localization of CIKs to determine lateral root founder cells. These findings revealed that CIKs and RLK7 function together to perceive the TOLS2 signal and regulate LR initiation and spacing through the MKK4/5–MPK3/6–PUCHI cascade.
Neuron-specific deficiency of autophagy increases neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Pei Chunying , Li Bo , Wen Sijia , Zhao Kai , Yu Shuxian , Li Tao , Li Yu , Fu Yanran , Tian Linlu , Xu Hongwei , Cheng Huakun , Li Rui
Published: October 2024

The involvement of neuronal autophagy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains elusive. Previous investigations, as far as our knowledge extends, have modulated autophagy either through systemic administration of autophagy inhibitors/inducers or by eliminating key regulators of autophagy across all somatic cells, lacking specificity for neurons. Consequently, drawing conclusions from such studies may be muddled by inhibiting autophagy in other cell types, including astrocytes, microglia, and immune cells. To discern the precise role of neuronal autophagy in TBI, we generated tamoxifen-induced, neuron-specific, autophagy-deficient mice by crossing atg5flox/flox mice with map2-CreERT2 mice. We then induced TBI in either control mice or mice with neuron-specific autophagy deficiency. Our findings revealed that the absence of autophagy, specifically in adult neurons, led to exaggerated neurologic-deficit syndromes and more pronounced neuronal loss. Additionally, we demonstrated that neuronal autophagy is orchestrated by immunity-related GTPase family M member 1 (Irgm1) in neural injury, as evidenced by neuron-specific irgm1 knockout mice displaying a significant reduction in neuronal autophagy and heightened neuronal loss compared with control mice. Collectively, our data provide more conclusive evidence that fortifies the neuroprotective role of autophagy in TBI.
France, Economic Liberalism, and the Populist Challenge
Authors: Feigenbaum Harvey B
Published: October 2024

This article reviews Contested Liberalization by Jonah Levy. Levy explores the role of politics in slowing the implementation of neoliberal economic policies in France, from the 1980s forward. Levy devotes special attention to the politics and policies of Emmanual Macron. The article examines Levy's argument in the context of the French “dirigiste” tradition and considers Macron's policies and the recent rise of populism in France. It argues that populism has arisen in many advanced countries as they have shifted from industrial to service economies. The rise in working class grievance in the face of low productivity and wage stagnation has proved fertile ground for populist parties.
Increased prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in systemic sclerosis patients, including in men and young women—a case–control study
Authors: Lillpers Kerstin , McGuigan Fiona , Andréasson Kristofer , Hesselstrand Roger , Kapetanovic Meliha C , Åkesson Kristina E
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To investigate bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis prevalence and SSc-specific associations of BMD in SSc patients compared with background population.

Methods

In total, 211 SSc patients (182 women, 29 men; mean age 61.3 and 62.2 years, respectively) and 505 age- and sex-matched controls from the same geographic area participated. BMD and T-score at total hip and lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteopenia was defined as T-score –1.0 to –2.5, and osteoporosis as T-score ≤–2.5. Associates of low BMD were identified by multiple regression analysis.

Results

Women with SSc had lower BMD for total hip (P < 0.001) and spine (P = 0.011), equivalent to ΔT-score –0.56 and –0.35 compared with controls. Osteopenia was present in 51.6% and 16.5% had osteoporosis (P = 0.001, compared with controls). Already in women below age 45 years, differences in hip BMD were apparent (ΔT-score –0.93, P = 0.005). In addition to expected risk factors for osteoporosis (older age, lower BMI and menopause), finger ulcers (P = 0.009) and diffuse skin involvement (P = 0.027) were associated with lower hip BMD in women. In men with SSc, more than half displayed osteopenia or osteoporosis and had numerically lower hip BMD than their age-matched counterparts.

Conclusion

SSc patients, including men and younger women, have lower BMD than the background population. Finger ulcers and diffuse skin involvement, in addition to older age, lower BMI and being post-menopausal, are associated with lower BMD in women. The data emphasize the importance of performing bone health assessment of all SSc patients, including men and young subjects.
A retrospective evaluation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Carlucci Philip M , Cohen Brooke , Saxena Amit , Belmont H Michael , Masson Mala , Gold Heather T , Buyon Jill , Izmirly Peter
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) are an emerging class of medications with demonstrated promise in improving cardiometabolic outcomes. Whether these drugs may be useful in mitigating the cardiac risk associated with SLE remains unknown, and a recent case of drug-induced lupus secondary to GLP1-RA use calls the safety of GLP1-RAs in SLE patients into question. Accordingly, this retrospective analysis was initiated to evaluate outcomes of GLP1-RAs in SLE.

Methods

All patients in the NYU Lupus Cohort who had used a GLP1-RA were eligible for inclusion. Patient characteristics were assessed at baseline (most recent rheumatology visit prior to starting GLP1-RA), 1–4 months and 6–10 months after GLP1-RA initiation.

Results

Of the 1211 patients in the cohort, only 24 had received a GLP1-RA. Six were excluded due to insufficient documentation regarding duration of medication use. Of the remaining 18 (median age 50), 17 (94%) were female and nine (50%) were White. There was one mild-to-moderate flare at 6–10 months, but no patients accumulated new SLE criteria during the follow-up period. Compared with baseline, median BMI was reduced by 3% at 1–4 months (P = 0.002) and 13% at 6–10 months (P = 0.001). Nine (50%) patients were initially denied insurance coverage for a GLP1-RA.

Conclusion

While limited by a small sample size, this descriptive study showed that GLP1-RAs did not trigger flares above expected background rates and were associated with significantly decreased BMI. Future studies exploring the potential benefits of GLP1-RAs in patients with SLE are warranted.
Margin constraints and asset prices
Authors: Ahn Jungkyu
Published: October 2024

I study the effects of regulatory policy changes on interest rate option prices: margin tightening from the introduction of mandatory interest rate swap clearing by the Dodd–Frank Act in 2010 and margin loosening from the counterbalance of voluntary swaption clearing and synthetic derivatives to the uncleared margin rule in 2016. Employing these variations as exogenous shocks for a quasi-experimental design, I show that swaption prices consistently respond to changes in margin requirements. The results are consistent with theories on the expected margin premium, where the constrained agent holds short positions in zero net supply.
How liberalism accommodates far-right social movements: on “mainstreaming” and the need for critical theory in far-right studies
Authors: Tetrault Justin E C
Published: October 2024

Scholarship on social movements, racism, and nationalism increasingly falls under the purview of “extremism studies” and its subfield “far-right studies.” Prominent extremism scholars have developed generalist theories purportedly explaining far-right politics and power dynamics (or “mainstreaming”) across liberal societies. They define “far-right” as “illiberal” politics promoting dehumanization, exclusion, and inequality. Their theory of mainstreaming suggests that “the” far-right is a coherent entity that “enters” mainstream institutions or discourse from the outside. For these scholars, strengthening liberal-civic principles prevents far-right political power (mainstreaming). I call these approaches “grand theory templates,” which I critique for simplistic interpretations of power and for overlooking critical theory scholarship showing how liberalism accommodates far-right politics. Using the Canadian nationalist movement as a case study, I show how liberal chauvinism can be crucial to empowering right-wing populist movements. My data include over 40 hours of participant-observation at 20 right-wing events and 35 interviews with 42 current leaders and members of on-the-ground nationalist groups. Right-wing nationalists foregrounded liberal-civic ideas, such as “security,” “rights,” “objectivity,” and “tolerance,” to advance anti-Muslim sentiment and populist conspiracism. My findings suggest that far-right movements can gain power by embracing liberalism’s ambiguity and contradictions. In other words, mastering liberal messaging can be essential to the growth of far-right movements, challenging any easy dismissal of these politics as “illiberal.” Altogether, “top–down” grand theory templates oversimplify political distinctions and power, compromising research design and analysis. I advocate for more granular and “bottom–up” inductive approaches that prioritize sociological traditions over theories recently popularized by extremism scholars.
Assessing the Risks of Risk Assessments: Institutional Tensions and Data Driven Judicial Decision-Making in U.S. Pretrial Hearings
Authors: Esthappan Sino
Published: October 2024

Risk assessments, which are predictive technologies designed to augment organizational decision-making processes, are expanding globally. The use of risk assessments may lend legitimacy to official actors who routinely adjudicate highly consequential decisions alongside competing institutional pressures. But because these tools are laden with measurement errors, using them may also magnify institutional tensions and erode the legitimacy of official actors’ decision-making practices. In this article, I use interviews with judges in four large U.S. criminal courts to reveal how they strategically engaged with risk assessment scores to navigate tensions within and among different institutional logics. In pretrial hearings, judges selectively invoked risk scores to legitimate punitive sanctions that mitigated tensions from bureaucratic logics to process high caseloads with limited resources, legal logics to protect public safety and impose the least restrictive conditions, and political logics to follow the law while facing public scrutiny. I discuss the implications of these findings for future research on penal change and the uses of discretion in the age of big data.
Cytotoxicity induced by three commercial neonicotinoid insecticide formulations in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Honatel Karol Ferreira , Conte Aline Mocellin , Garcia Solange Cristina , Arbo Bruno Dutra , Arbo Marcelo Dutra
Published: October 2024

Background

Neonicotinoid insecticides are used worldwide for crop protection. They act as agonists at postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), disrupting normal neurotransmission in target insects. Human exposure is high due to the widespread use of neonicotinoids and their residues in food. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro neurotoxicity of three neonicotinoid commercial formulations Much 600 FS® (imidacloprid 600 g L−1), Evidence 700 WG® (imidacloprid 700 g kg−1), and Actara 250 WG® (thiamethoxam 250 g kg−1) in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line.

Methods

Cells were incubated with the pesticides for 96 h, and the cytotoxicity was evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium·bromide (MTT) reduction and neutral red (NR) uptake assays. Toxicological pathways such as reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell death mode, and the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax were also evaluated.

Results

EC50 values of 266.4, 4,175, and 653.2 mg L−1 were found for Much®, Evidence® and Actara®, respectively. Significant increases in ROS and RNS generation were observed for all pesticides, while mitochondrial membrane potential and Bax protein expression showed no significant changes. Analysis of cell death mode revealed an increase in early apoptotic cells.

Conclusion

Therefore, neonicotinoid insecticides are potentially neurotoxic, reinforcing concerns about human exposure to these commercial formulations.
4Disability Studies
Authors: Dilodovico Amanda
Published: October 2024

This review of disability studies literature centers on two anthologies published in 2023: Crip Authorship: Disability as Method, edited by Mara Mills and Rebecca Sanchez, and Crip Genealogies, edited by Mel Y. Chen, Alison Kafer, Eunjung Kim, and Julie Avril Minich. As anthologies, these two publications critically consider collaboration as an organizing principle of disability studies scholarship, disability culture, and disability justice in theory and praxis. When considering Crip Authorship and Crip Genealogies in conversation against the personal and/as political backdrop of 2023 and early 2024, three areas of collaboration emerge as sites to understand the state of field within larger academic institutional structures. First, the collaborative continued engagement with Chris Bell’s (2006) critique of white disability studies by disability studies scholars working to question the aims of the field of disability studies and introduce more concrete decolonial practices to research and writing. Second, the kind of collaboration needed to produce disability studies scholarship and the ways in which scholars collaborate as research, method, and writing practice to do disability studies in theory and practice. And third, the past, present, and ongoing collaborations around ‘crip’ as a theoretical practice, keyword, and organizing term.
Molecular Characterization of Fusarium Isolates from Upland Cotton Roots in Uzbekistan and Whole-Genome Comparison with Isolates from the United States
Authors: Jobe Timothy O. , Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim Y. , Ulloa Mauricio , Fokar Mohamed , Buriev Zabardast T. , Shermatov Shukhrat E. , Makamov Abdusalom K. , Usmanov Dilshod E. , Darmanov Mukhtor M. , Broders Kirk , Ellis Margaret L.
Published: October 2024

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) is a significant cotton ( Gossypium spp.) pathogen causing vascular wilt, browning of the vascular tissues, and plant death in the most severe cases. This global disease is responsible for sizeable crop losses annually and is found in many cotton-producing regions, including the Republic of Uzbekistan and the United States. Specifically, FOV race 4 (FOV4) has been disrupting production for years. This study aimed to genetically characterize FOV4 isolates causing disease in the main cotton-producing region of Uzbekistan and compare them with FOV4 isolates from the United States. A field study conducted in the Bukhara region of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the spring of 2022 identified both FOV4 and new Fusarium isolates from Upland cotton exhibiting typical Fusarium wilt symptoms. Molecular markers were initially used to identify isolates of interest, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed using partial EF1-α sequences, followed by a comparative genomic analysis. We also report for the first time the isolation of F. solani and F. commune causing Fusarium wilt in Uzbekistan. Furthermore, we show that the FOV4 population within our sampling region of Uzbekistan may be dominated by a single biotype with an effector profile similar to that of FOV race 7. One of these effector proteins is also present in the F. commune isolate showing virulence to cotton. Whole-genome comparisons between FOV races can identify unique genetic markers for FOV4 and aid in the development of tools for breeding FOV-resistant cotton varieties.
WISH‐BONE: Whole‐mount in situ histology, to label osteocyte mRNA and protein in 3D adult mouse bones
Authors: Meslier Quentin A. , Duerr Timothy J. , Guan Webster , Nguyen Brian , Monaghan James R. , Shefelbine Sandra J.
Published: October 2024

Bone is a three‐dimensional (3D) highly dynamic tissue under constant remodeling. Commonly used tools to investigate bone biology require sample digestion for biomolecule extraction or provide only two‐dimensional (2D) spatial information. There is a need for 3D tools to investigate spatially preserved biomarker expression in osteocytes. In this work, we present a new method, WISH‐BONE, to label osteocyte messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in whole‐mount mouse bone. For mRNA labeling, we used hybridization chain reaction‐fluorescence in situ hybridization (HCR‐FISH) to label genes of interest in osteocytes. For protein labeling, samples were preserved using an epoxy‐based solution that protects tissue structure and biomolecular components. Then an enzymatic matrix permeabilization step was performed to enable antibody penetration. Immunostaining was used to label various proteins involved in bone homeostasis. We also demonstrate the use of customized fluorescent nanobodies to target and label proteins in the cortical bone (CB). However, the relatively dim signal observed from nanobodies' staining limited detection. mRNA and protein labeling were performed in separate samples. In this study, we share protocols, highlight opportunities, and identify the challenges of this novel 3D labeling method. They are the first protocols for whole‐mount osteocyte 3D labeling of mRNA and protein in mature mouse bones. WISH‐BONE will allow the investigation of molecular signaling in bone cells in their 3D environment and could be applied to various bone‐related fields of research.
Management of Physical Impairments, Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Perspectives From Physiotherapists
Authors: Brochu Annie , Hébert Luc J. , Fiscaletti Melissa , Kairy Dahlia
Published: October 2024

Background:

Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) present a high risk of long-term neuromusculoskeletal (NMSK) sequelae. Clinical guidelines for specific management of these complications are still lacking. The aim of this study is to (1) describe current physiotherapy practice with cALL survivors at one of Canada’s specialized pediatric oncology centers, (2) explore perceived optimal management of long-term NMSK sequelae by physiotherapists, and (3) identify the barriers and facilitators for its in-clinic implementation.

Methods:

This qualitative descriptive study with a focus group using a semi-structured interview guide was conducted with physiotherapists (n = 6) from one of Canada’s specialized pediatric oncology centers. We performed a hybrid analysis including both a deductive and an inductive approach using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results:

Even though the participants were experts in managing NMSK sequelae in survivors of cALL, standardized management of these patients is lacking. Physiotherapists described their perceived optimal management of NMSK sequelae as systematic and interdisciplinary. Barriers (eg, relative priority and availability of resources) and facilitators (eg, relative benefit and commitment) for implementing this perceived optimal management were identified.

Conclusion:

Physiotherapy management could improve care and services offered to survivors of cALL. The identification of barriers and facilitators to best practice offers relevant potential solutions to explore in order to improve and optimize management of this patient group.
Caregiver Impressions of Bracing and Its Association With Unsuccessful Outcomes Throughout the Ponseti Treatment
Authors: Miller Andrew H. , Moisan Alice , Rhodes Leslie N. , Locke Lindsey L. , Kelly Derek M.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Clubfoot is a common congenital foot deformity, occurring in about 1 in 1000 live births. The Ponseti method consists of weeks of manipulation and serial casting, followed by years of orthotic wear. Recurrent or relapse deformity following the Ponseti method remains a challenging problem for many patients. Many studies have attributed relapse to noncompliance with the treatment plan, particularly during the maintenance phase. Many patient risk factors have been studied and attributed to recurrent deformity, but less emphasis has been placed on aspects of the treatment method from the caregiver’s perspective.

Methods:

From 2010 to 2014, 127 patients between 1 and 354 days old who had been diagnosed with clubfoot were recruited for the parent study. At the initial visit, and each subsequent follow-up, the primary caregiver was given a questionnaire that included 21 binary belief questions exploring his or her experience with the Ponseti method. Univariate analyses were performed to find any relationship with caregiver responses and either clinical recurrence of the deformity or overall failure of treatment.

Results:

Of the recruited patients, 126 were enrolled in the parent study and 100 were able to complete the full 3-year follow-up. Patient demographics and characteristics (sex, race, family history of clubfoot, laterality, and severity of deformity) were similar. Statistical analysis of the questionnaire responses found that choosing “yes” for either “I don’t feel the braces are necessary” or “I am not comfortable with applying and removing the braces” was associated with significantly increased risk of overall failure.

Conclusions:

Gathering insight from the caregiver’s perspective can help identify barriers to treatment not recognized by the provider. Lack of comfortability with the orthosis and lack of understanding are associated with increased risk of overall failure. A better understanding of the caregiver’s perspective on barriers to treatment could help guide the Ponseti method provider’s educational efforts.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Removal of the Metaphyseal Screw From Tension Band Constructs After Hemiepiphysiodesis: High Rates of Physeal Tethering and Subsequent Implant Removal
Authors: Torrez Timothy W. , Amick Michael , Njoku Ndidi , Zhang Emily , Stephens Senah E. , Makarewich Christopher A.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Removal of the metaphyseal screw from tension band plate constructs after correction of angular deformity in patients treated with hemiepiphysiodesis has been suggested as an alternative to removing the plate and both screws. While this has the potential benefit of easier implant removal and reinsertion in the event of rebound, there is debate in the literature regarding the benefits and risks of leaving the epiphyseal screw and plate in place.

Methods:

Patients treated with hemiepiphysiodesis at the distal femur and/or proximal tibia with tension band plates and screws who underwent subsequent removal of the metaphyseal screw after correction were included. Charts and radiographs were reviewed for the need for metaphyseal screw reinsertion, subsequent removal of deep implants, and evidence of physeal tethering. Tethering was defined as progressive overcorrection in the treated bone segment after removal of the metaphyseal screw with the mechanical axis moving one full mechanical axis zone or more. Patients with tethering were compared with those without.

Results:

A total of 215 patients with 387 limbs treated met inclusion criteria. Of those, 175 patients were treated for idiopathic genu valgum, while 40 were treated for other conditions. Fifty-nine individuals (27%) underwent replacement of the metaphyseal screw for repeat angular correction. Fifty-one percent of patients underwent secondary procedures for reasons other than metaphyseal screw reinsertion (74 symptomatic implant removal, 7 elective implant removal, 29 due to tethering). There were 44 cases of tethering in 36 patients (17%). In cases of tethering, 7 patients were treated with observation, 11 with implant removal only, 16 with hemiepiphysiodesis on the opposite side, and 2 with osteotomy. Patients with tethering were significantly younger, more likely to be male, and more likely to have had the metaphyseal screw removed more than once (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Removal of only the metaphyseal screw after hemiepiphysiodesis has high rates of tethering and further surgery for iatrogenic deformity correction and implant removal. This technique is not recommended.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III, case-control study.
Adjudication of Codes for Identifying Sepsis in Hospital Administrative Data by Expert Consensus*
Authors: Garland Allan , Li Na , Sligl Wendy , Lane Alana , Thavorn Kednapa , Wilcox M. Elizabeth , Rochwerg Bram , Keenan Sean , Marrie Thomas J. , Kumar Anand , Curley Emily , Ziegler Jennifer , Dodek Peter , Loubani Osama , Gervais Alain , Murthy Srinivas , Neto Gina , Prescott Hallie C. ,   for the Sepsis Canada Network
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Refine the administrative data definition of sepsis in hospitalized patients, including less severe cases.

Design and Setting:

For each of 1928 infection and 108 organ dysfunction codes used in Canadian hospital abstracts, experts reached consensus on the likelihood that it could relate to sepsis. We developed a new algorithm, called AlgorithmL, that requires at least one infection and one organ dysfunction code adjudicated as likely or very likely to be related to sepsis. AlgorithmL was compared with four previously described algorithms, regarding included codes, population-based incidence, and hospital mortality rates—separately for ICU and non-ICU cohorts in a large Canadian city. We also compared sepsis identification from these code-based algorithms with the Centers for Disease Control’s Adult Sepsis Event (ASE) definition.

SUBJECTS:

Among Calgary’s adult population of 1.033 million there were 61,632 eligible hospitalizations.

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

AlgorithmL includes 720 infection codes and 50 organ dysfunction codes. Comparison algorithms varied from 42–941 infection codes to 2–36 organ codes. There was substantial nonoverlap of codes in AlgorithmL vs. the comparators. Annual sepsis incidence rates (per 100,000 population) based on AlgorithmL were 91 in the ICU and 291 in the non-ICU cohort. Incidences based on comparators ranged from 28–77 for ICU to 11–266 for non-ICU cohorts. Hospital sepsis mortality rates based on AlgorithmL were 24% in ICU and 17% in non-ICU cohorts; based on comparators, they ranged 27–38% in the ICU cohort and 18–47% for the non-ICU cohort. Of AlgorithmL-identified cases, 41% met the ASE criteria, compared with 42–82% for the comparator algorithms.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with other code-based algorithms, AlgorithmL includes more infection and organ dysfunction codes. AlgorithmL incidence rates are higher; hospital mortality rates are lower. AlgorithmL may more fully encompass the full range of sepsis severity.
Increased Risk of Postoperative Complications in Organ Transplant Recipients Undergoing Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: O'Donnell-Cappelli Megan , Mandel Jenna , Elder Alexandra , Banner Lauren , Nikbakht Neda
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at increased risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), which may require treatment by Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Previous small-scale studies yielded conflicting findings on post-MMS complications in immunosuppressed individuals, and large-scale population-based analyses for SOTRs undergoing MMS are lacking.

OBJECTIVE

The authors investigate postoperative complications after MMS in SOTRs using the TriNetX database of over 106 million patients in the US Collaborative Network.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Among MMS recipients in this database, a cohort of organ transplant recipients and a cohort of immunocompetent patients were generated. Immunosuppressive medications other than antirejection medications for the SOTR cohort were excluded from both groups. The outcomes for common postoperative complications including infection, wound disruption, graft failure, bleeding, rash, disturbance of skin sensation, and hypertrophic scarring were assessed during a 60-day postoperative window.

RESULTS

SOTRs exhibit a twofold increased risk of postoperative infection, 2.5-fold increased risk of surgical wound disruption, and over threefold increased likelihood of swelling within 60 days post-MMS compared with immunocompetent patients. There was no significant difference in bleeding between the cohorts.

CONCLUSION

Given these findings, it may be worth assessing the role of antibiotics and close monitoring for the SOTR population in larger prospective studies to inform future surgical guidelines.
The management of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critical illness: an update on current therapeutic options
Authors: Wang Zhe , Li Jiang , Sun Yihong
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review

New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia among critically ill patients, correlating with heightened morbidity and mortality rates. Current evidence for managing NOAF in this patient population is limited.

Recent findings

Numerous meta-analyses have been conducted to assess the efficacy of atrial fibrillation treatments in acute settings, including rate or rhythm control strategies, anticoagulation, and intensive care interventions. The employment of β-blockers for rate control appears to confer greater benefits in critically ill patients. However, the advantage of anticoagulation remains ambiguous because of bleeding risks, which is partly attributed to the scarcity of evidence in the complex context of critical illness. Approximately one-third of patients with transient atrial fibrillation face recurrence within a year. Therefore, vigilant posthospitalization follow-up and monitoring should be considered for high-risk patients to detect atrial fibrillation recurrence. Long-term anticoagulation strategies should be tailored to individual patient profiles, weighing the risks of thromboembolism.

Factors predicting atrial fibrillation recurrence include age, the burden of atrial fibrillation, and atrial size. There are significant knowledge gaps concerning NOAF in critically ill patients, highlighting the need for further research, particularly randomized clinical trials.
The Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Depression and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients
Authors: Özmaya Esma , Uzun Sevda , Aytaç Tufan
Published: October 2024

Mindfulness-based interventions have been receiving growing attention in cancer care. This study was performed to determine the effect of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program on depression and quality of life in cancer patients. The screenings in the study were performed in January to May 2023 through the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and YÖK Thesis Center databases. After the reviews, 14 studies were included in the study. This meta-analysis showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction programs were effective on depression (SMD: −0.363; 95% CI: −0.711 to 0.015; Z = −2.042; P = .041; I2 = 85.229%) and quality of life (SMD: 0.363; 95 CI%: 0.111-0.615; Z = 2.822; P = .005; I2 = 75.222%). The type of cancer (SMD: 0.385; CI: between 0.005 and 0.528; P = .000); duration of therapy (SMD: 0.243; CI: between 0.093 and 0.393; P = .002); the person providing therapy (SMD: 0.335; CI: between 0.133 and 0.507; P = .001); scale used (SMD: 0.290; CI: between 0.148 and 0.432; P = .000); and the origin of the study (SMD: 0.298; CI: between 0.158 and 0.438; P = .000) moderators were found to play a role in the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program on the quality of life of cancer patients. The mindfulness-based stress reduction program yields positive outcomes by reducing depression, enhancing the quality of life in cancer patients, and promoting overall mental well-being in individuals.
EYE SHAPE DEFORMITY PREDICTS MYOPIC MACULOPATHY PROGRESSION AMONG HIGHLY MYOPIC INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Li Cong , Wu Huawang , Xiao Ou , Xiong Ruilin , Guo Xinxing , Chen Yanxian , Yin Qiuxia , He Mingguang , Li Zhixi
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

To determine the impact of eye shape using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging on myopic maculopathy (MM) progression.

Methods:

At baseline, 67 participants with high myopia were selected. Eye shape was classified into spheroidal, ellipsoidal, temporally distorted, nasally distorted, conical, and barrel-shape identified from three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Spheroidal and ellipsoidal shapes were defined as nondeformity; others were defined as eye deformity. Myopic maculopathy progression was determined through color fundus photography.

Results:

Within a 4-year follow-up, 17.1% (7/41) of patients with nondeformed eye shape had MM progression, whereas 69.2% (18/26) of patients with eye shape deformity had MM progression. In multivariable analysis, eye shape deformity (odds ratio, 4.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–17.29; P = 0.036) and axial length of ≥28 mm (odds ratio, 12.75; 95% confidence interval, 2.27–71.48; P = 0.004) significantly correlated with MM progression. The predictive discrimination of eye shape alone for MM progression did not differ from axial length (area under the curve: 0.765 vs. 0.750, P = 0.486). By incorporating age, sex, axial length, and eye shape, the prediction model achieved an area under the curve of 0.862 for discriminating MM progression.

Conclusion:

Eye shape deformity assessed by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging is a novel predictor for MM progression in high myopia.
IMPACTS OF POSTERIOR STAPHYLOMA ON PARAPAPILLARY MICROVASCULATURE AND ATROPHY IN HIGH MYOPIC EYES
Authors: Chen Yanhui , Hui Yan-Nian , Xing Xiaoli , Rong Hua , Bai Yang , Li Haoru , Mi Baoyue , Guo Xingyi , Wei Ruihua
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the impacts of the different types of posterior staphyloma (PS) in high myopia on parapapillary microvasculature and parapapillary atrophy (PPA, i.e., γ-zone and δ-zone) with optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 152 high myopic eyes (152 participants) with γ-zone. After matching, high myopic eyes were stratified into PS (n = 33) and non-PS (n = 33) groups. Posterior staphyloma types, parapapillary microvasculature characteristics, the prevalence of nonjuxtapapillary microvasculature dropout, the longest radial width from the optic disk edge to retinal pigment epithelial atrophy edge (PPA width), γ-zone, and δ-zone with changes in visual field, and best-corrected visual acuity were evaluated and analyzed.

Results:

According to Curtin classification, we identified five types of PS included: primary Types I, II, III, and compound Types VII, and IX. Eyes with Type II showed a higher optic disk tilted ratio and larger PPA width compared with other primary PS. Subjects with Type IX were the oldest. Eyes with Types VII and IX had wider γ-zone and δ-zone, worse visual field outcomes, poorer best-corrected visual acuity, and a higher incidence of non-juxtapapillary microvasculature dropout compared with primary PS. Choroidal and intrascleral vessels were associated with nonjuxtapapillary microvasculature dropout and were located near or connected to the circle of Zinn-Haller.

Conclusion:

Eyes with high myopia and PS show wider PPA, affecting the γ-zone and δ-zone, and are at a higher risk of developing nonjuxtapapillary microvasculature dropout. Specifically, eyes with PS Types VII and IX are more susceptible to visual field damage and decreased best-corrected visual acuity. These results highlight the importance of the impact of PS on parapapillary microvasculature and PPA in high myopia.