bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Summary of single nucleotide polymorphisms in filaggrin associated with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Pandya Rachita , Baghchechi Mohsen , Langan Sinead , Margolis David J. , Paternoster Lavinia , Sibbald Cathryn , Wan Joy , Zaman Saman , Abuabara Katrina
Published: December 2023

Background

Loss of function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, FLG is structurally challenging to sequence using conventional high‐throughput techniques. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) chips and imputation panels are also not designed to detect most of these mutations. Furthermore, bioinformatics tools have variable sensitivity for identification of loss of function variants. Targeted sequencing is often performed for AD but requires a comprehensive list of potential variants.

Objectives

This study sought to compile all published FLG single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AD and characterize the methods for assessing the associated phenotype.

Methods

We searched nine electronic databases for studies that reported measures of association between FLG and AD. Data regarding FLG SNPs and participant demographics were extracted. The identified SNPs were compared to those available in the National Human Genome Research Institute‐European Bioinformatics Institute (NHGRI‐EBI) GWAS Catalogue and the 1000Genomes reference panel.

Results

We identified 168 SNPs in FLG that have been associated with AD, with the most studied being R501X, 2282del4, R2447X, 3321delA, S3247X and p.S2554 in European and Asian ancestries. A total of 153 of these SNPs are not available from GWAS studies, and 78 are not included in the 1000Genomes reference panel.

Conclusions

Because FLG is a complex gene, current GWAS chips do not capture most of the polymorphisms that have been associated with AD.
Treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum in pregnancy with certolizumab pegol
Authors: Wanberg Lindsey J. , Fletcher Kathleen M. , Goldfarb Noah , Alavi Afsaneh
Published: December 2023

We report a case of a 41‐year‐old woman who developed pregnancy‐associated pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) at 4 weeks gestation. She was initially treated with prednisone, however, due to lack of improvement and risk of systemic corticosteroids in pregnancy, underwent a prednisone taper and was initiated on certolizumab pegol (CZP). The patient experienced complete wound re‐epithelialization 1 month after CZP initiation. She had no pregnancy complications except for prednisone‐associated gestational diabetes and gave birth to a healthy baby. CZP is a tumour necrosis factor‐inhibitor with negligible placental transfer and no known adverse effects in pregnancy. Its efficacy and safety for autoinflammatory dermatoses in pregnancy are very promising. This is the first case to report CZP treatment for PG in a pregnant patient.
Biobased Vitrimeric Epoxy Networks
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Bergoglio Matteo , Schögl Sandra
Published: December 2023

The scientific strategies reported in the literature for developing biobased epoxy vitrimers are summarized. Biomass resources such as lignin, cellulose, or different vegetable oils can be exploited as biobased building blocks for epoxy thermosets as an alternative to the bisphenol‐A‐based ones. Biorenewable resources have been synthesized introducing dynamic covalent bonds in the cross‐linked networks. This combination allows to achieve cross‐linked biobased epoxy networks with thermoset‐like properties at a temperature of use, but showing (re)processability, recyclability, and self‐healing properties above a well‐defined temperature named topology freezing transition temperature (Tv).
Tunable and Biodegradable Poly(Ester Amide)s for Disposable Facemasks
Authors: Seoane Esteban Alvarez , Cattaneo Alessandro , Neuenschwander Fabien , Blanchard Lucien , Nogueira Matos Tatiana , Jeandupeux Laure , Fiorucci Gianni , Tizgadam Maryam , Tran Kelly , Sciboz Pierre‐Louis , Albergati Luce , Charmet Jérôme , Marti Roger , Hengsberger Stefan
Published: December 2023

The widespread use of disposable facemasks during the COVID‐19 pandemic has led to environmental concern due to microplastic pollution. Biodegradable disposable facemasks are a first step to reducing the environmental impact of pandemics. Here, high‐performance facemask components based on novel poly(ester amide)s (PEA) grades synthesized from biosourced materials and processed into nonwoven facemask components are presented. PEA‐based polymers present an excellent compromise between mechanical performance and biodegradability. Importantly, the properties of the PEA can easily be tuned by changing the ratio of ester and amide, or by varying diol and diacid parts. Seven polymers are synthesized which are optimized for biodegradability and processability. Among them, two grades combines 1) electrospinning process compatibility with 2) full degradation within 35 days, using a normalized biodegradation test. The ultra‐thin filters thus developed are evaluated for performance on a custom‐made characterization bench. The filters achieve microparticle capture efficiency and air permeability comparable to commercial filters. Another PEA grade is optimized to reach optimal viscothermal properties that made it compatible with solvent‐free melt‐spinning process as demonstrated with continuous fiber production. Overall, this environmentally friendly solution paves the way for the fabrication of high‐performance fibers with excellent biodegradability for the next‐generation facemasks.
Nutritional value of torula yeast as an alternative protein feedstuff for hybrid Striped Bass (White Bass × Striped Bass)
Authors: Chen Kequan , Yamamoto Fernando Y. , Cruz Clement R. , Gatlin Delbert M.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Two separate trials were conducted to evaluate the digestibility of a novel alternative ingredient, enhanced torula yeast (TY) Cyberlindnera jadinii, in diets for hybrid Striped Bass (HSB; White Bass Morone chrysops × Striped Bass M. saxatilis) and to evaluate graded inclusion levels of this product when replacing soybean products.

Methods

In trial 1, the digestibility of TY was determined by testing a reference diet and a TY diet (reference and TY ingredient at an 80:20 ratio). A total of 90 fish were fed the experimental digestibility diets for 21 days, and fecal samples were collected using the stripping technique. In trial 2, a comparative feeding trial evaluated the replacement of soybean meal by TY on a crude protein basis at 50, 100, 200, and 300 g of TY/kg of experimental diet. A total of 150 HSB (18.6 ± 0.21 g/fish [mean + SE]) were distributed among fifteen 110-L glass aquaria. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish for 9 weeks.

Result

In trial 1, apparent digestibility coefficients for protein, lipid, organic matter, and energy of TY were 0.97, 0.98, 0.75, and 0.75, respectively. The availability of essential amino acids also was generally high, ranging from 0.74 to 0.99. For trial 2, a second-order polynomial regression indicated that the optimal inclusion levels of TY in diets were 102, 112, and 109 g/kg for weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein conversion efficiency, respectively. However, the muscle yield linearly decreased with the graded inclusion levels of TY. Linear increases in intraperitoneal fat, hepatosomatic index, and whole-body lipid were observed as the inclusion of TY increased in the diet.

Conclusion

In conclusion, nutrients from TY were well utilized by HSB, and it can replace soybean products without affecting growth performance, with the optimal TY inclusion level being 102–112 g/kg of diet.
The effects of estradiol-17β on the sex reversal, survival, and growth of Red Shiner and its use in the development of YY individuals
Authors: Teal Chad N. , Schill Daniel J. , Bauder Javan M. , Fogelson Susan B. , Fitzsimmons Kevin , Stewart William T. , Culver Melanie , Bonar Scott A.
Published: December 2023

Objective

The Red Shiner Cyprinella lutrensis is one of the most prolific and ecologically destructive invasive fish species in the southwestern United States. The production and release of YY individuals as Trojan sex chromosome carriers can theoretically eradicate invasive fish populations by eventually eliminating phenotypic females.

Methods

The YY individuals are typically produced through hormonally induced sex reversals and selective breeding of subsequently feminized males. We tested three dosages of estradiol-17β (E2)-treated diets (50, 100, and 150 mg of E2 per kg of diet) administered to sexually immature Red Shiner for various durations to determine their effectiveness at feminizing Red Shiner cohorts. Survival, growth, and gonadal development were assessed for each treatment.

Result

All E2 treatments had minimal, if any, detrimental effects on the growth and gonadal development of Red Shiner. The 50-mg dosage lasting from 2 to 120 days posthatch achieved a 100% feminization rate while using the lowest amount of E2; therefore, this dosage and treatment interval are recommended when attempting Red Shiner feminization under these rearing conditions. Feminization of males allowed for the spawning of neofemales (FXY) with wild-type males (MXY), which resulted in the first putative YY Red Shiner. The YY verification crosses (n = 20) resulted in predominately male offspring (189 males/191 offspring) except for (1) an intersex individual from an MYY × FXX cross with two previtellogenic oocytes in its testis and (2) a single female that may have resulted from an inbred cross between an XY male and a YY female or from an unknown autosomal or environmental effect on sexual phenotype.

Conclusion

More progeny tests with inbred and outbred crosses should be conducted to determine the prevalence of female offspring from YY individuals and how this may impact an eradication strategy featuring releases of YY Red Shiner.
Real world study on elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor impact on cholesterol levels in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Lonabaugh Kevin , Li Galvin , List Rhonda , Huang Reyna , James Amber , Barros Andrew , Somerville Lindsay , Albon Dana
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The introduction of the highly effective modulator therapy elexacaftor‐tezacaftor‐ivacaftor (ETI) has revolutionized the care of persons with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) with major improvements seen in lung function and body mass index. The effects of ETI therapy in real‐world cohorts on other parameters such as cholesterol levels are largely unknown.

Methods

A single‐center, retrospective chart review study was conducted to assess the change in lipid panels before and after ETI initiation. The study investigated total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), and triglyceride levels using both a univariate and multivariate mixed‐effects model to evaluate the change after initiation of ETI in a cohort of PwCF.

Results

There were 128 adult PwCF included in the analysis. Statistically significant changes were seen in both univariate and multivariate analyses for TC, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C. On multivariate analysis, TC increased by an average of 15.0 mg/dL after ETI initiation (p < 0.0001), LDL‐C increased by an average of 9.3 mg/dL (p < 0.001), and HDL‐C increased by an average of 3.8 mg/dL (p < 0.001) after ETI initiation.

Conclusion

In this real‐world cohort of PwCF, cholesterol parameters increased after initiation with ETI therapy. Further consideration may need to be given for PwCF in regards to screening for cardiometabolic risk factors as PwCF age as well as the potential need for cholesterol‐lowering therapies.
Integration of proteomics in the molecular tumor board
Authors: Thiery Johanna , Fahrner Matthias
Published: December 2023

Cancer remains one of the most complex and challenging diseases in mankind. To address the need for a personalized treatment approach for particularly complex tumor cases, molecular tumor boards (MTBs) have been initiated. MTBs are interdisciplinary teams that perform in‐depth molecular diagnostics to cooperatively and interdisciplinarily advise on the best therapeutic strategy. Current molecular diagnostics are routinely performed on the transcriptomic and genomic levels, aiming to identify tumor‐driving mutations. However, these approaches can only partially capture the actual phenotype and the molecular key players of tumor growth and progression. Thus, direct investigation of the expressed proteins and activated signaling pathways provide valuable complementary information on the tumor‐driving molecular characteristics of the tissue. Technological advancements in mass spectrometry‐based proteomics enable the robust, rapid, and sensitive detection of thousands of proteins in minimal sample amounts, paving the way for clinical proteomics and the probing of oncogenic signaling activity. Therefore, proteomics is currently being integrated into molecular diagnostics within MTBs and holds promising potential in aiding tumor classification and identifying personalized treatment strategies. This review introduces MTBs and describes current clinical proteomics, its potential in precision oncology, and highlights the benefits of multi‐omic data integration.
Microphysical mechanisms of wintertime postfrontal precipitation enhancement over the Australian Snowy Mountains
Authors: Gevorgyan Artur , Siems Steven , Huang Yi , Ackermann Luis , Manton Michael
Published: December 2023

A heavy orographic precipitation event associated with the postfrontal sector of a midlatitude cyclone over the Australian Snowy Mountains (ASM) was analyzed using field observations and numerical simulations. This event, observed during a 2018 intensive field campaign, was of particular interest as three distinct precipitation episodes were identified within a prolonged postfrontal period. Deep mixed‐phase clouds (MPCs) characterized by cold cloud‐top temperatures (colder than −30°C) and the presence of updrafts extending 3.5–4.5 km above the boundary‐layer height, produced the three enhanced precipitation events over the windward slopes of the ASM. The presence of conditional instabilities and deep updrafts were also found in the sounding and Doppler velocity observations respectively, while the cloud radar observations show the deep MPCs with cloud tops reaching to 6–7 km a.s.l. Orographic convection invigoration was found to be the main mechanism producing the precipitation enhancement over the windward slopes and higher terrain. Using the Weather Research/Forecasting model, we analyzed the rates of microphysical processes to explicitly account for the enhancement of precipitation formation processes in these MPCs. This analysis showed that the precipitation formation processes were further enhanced through depositional and riming growth of ice‐phase hydrometeors during the three precipitation events. Deposition is simulated at higher levels (above the −15°C level) and most likely enabled by deep convective updrafts through the midtroposphere, whereas riming is stronger at lower levels (below −10°C level) due to the persistent production of feeder supercooled liquid water clouds sustained by the orographic lifting.
The tropical influence on sub‐seasonal predictability of wintertime stratosphere and stratosphere–troposphere coupling
Authors: Karpechko Alexey Yu. , Vitart Frederic , Statnaia Irina , Alonso Balmaseda Magdalena , Charlton‐Perez Andrew James , Polichtchouk Inna
Published: December 2023

A unique set of relaxation experiments with a forecast model initialized during December–January 1999–2019 is used to explore tropical influence on the Northern Hemisphere polar stratosphere and stratosphere–troposphere coupling, to quantify predictability benefits due to the perfect knowledge of the tropical variability. On average, predictability of the polar stratosphere, as represented by the 50 hPa geopotential height anomalies north of 50°N (Z50), increases from 17 days in freely running (control) forecasts to 21 days in the tropical relaxation experiments. At sub‐seasonal time‐scales, a statistically significant improvement in weekly mean skill scores can be demonstrated in 14%–20% of individual forecast ensembles, mostly in cases when the skill of the corresponding control forecast is worse than average. In these forecasts, root‐mean‐square errors and forecast spread of Z50 during forecast weeks 3–5 are decreased by 10%–15%. Stratospheric improvements are detected during periods of both vortex strengthening and vortex weakening, including most major Sudden Stratospheric Warmings that occurred during the study period, via modulation of the upward wave activity fluxes. An active Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is found in most of these events with MJO phase 5–7 preceding vortex weakening and MJO phase 3–4 preceding vortex strengthening. Forecasts with improved stratospheric circulation also have improved tropospheric circulation during and after the periods when improvements are detected in the stratosphere. We attribute these improvements to both stratosphere–troposphere coupling and tropospheric tropical teleconnections.
Effects of Counter‐Rotating Couplings on the Dynamics of a Λ System: Long‐Lived Coherence Oscillations
Authors: Xiang Jundong , Lü Zhiguo , Yan Yiying
Published: December 2023

The time evolution of the ground‐state population and coherence of a Λ‐type three‐level emitter strongly coupled to a radiation reservoir is studied by using a transformed rotating‐wave approximation (TRWA) and time‐dependent variational approach with the multiple Davydov ansatz. The study aims at illustrating the role of counter‐rotating couplings in the long‐time evolution of the Λ system. The TRWA and variational approach are found to be consistent with each other and predict that there exist long‐lived oscillatory behaviors of ground‐state populations and coherence, which are robust in the presence of strong dissipation and arise from the counter‐rotating‐coupling‐induced virtual photon processes. The oscillation amplitude and frequency depend on the system‐reservoir coupling strength and the frequency difference between the two ground states, which can be qualitatively and quantitatively captured by the TRWA analytical results. Present results offer insights into the impact of the counter‐rotating couplings on the long‐time evolution of the strongly dissipative multilevel system as well as the protocol of generation of coherent oscillations by relaxation in a strong‐coupling regime.
Broadband Spectroscopy and Interferometry with Undetected Photons at Strong Parametric Amplification
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuki , Horoshko Dmitri B. , Chekhova Maria V.
Published: December 2023

Nonlinear interferometry with entangled photons allows for characterizing a sample without detecting the photons interacting with it. This method enables highly sensitive optical sensing in the wavelength regions where efficient detectors are still under development. Recently, nonlinear interferometry has been applied to interferometric measurement techniques with broadband light sources, such as Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and infrared optical coherence tomography. However, they have been demonstrated with photon pairs produced through spontaneous parametric down‐conversion (SPDC) at a low parametric gain, where the average number of photons per mode is much smaller than one. The regime of high‐gain SPDC offers several important advantages, such as the amplification of light after its interaction with the sample and a large number of photons per mode at the interferometer output. This work presents broadband spectroscopy and high‐resolution optical coherence tomography with undetected photons generated via high‐gain SPDC in an aperiodically poled lithium niobate crystal. To prove the principle, reflective Fourier‐transform near‐infrared spectroscopy with a spectral bandwidth of 17 THz and optical coherence tomography with an axial resolution of 11 µm are demonstrated.
Green Synergy Conversion of Waste Graphite in Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries to GO and High‐Performance EG Anode Material
Authors: Yang Shenglong , Yang Guangchang , Lan Maoting , Zou Jie , Zhang Xiaohui , Lai Feiyan , Xiang Dinghan , Wang Hongqiang , Liu Kui , Li Qingyu
Published: December 2023

The increasing demand for graphite and the higher lithium content than environment abundance make the recycling of anode in spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) also become an inevitable trend. This work proposes a simple pathway to convert the retired graphite to high‐performance expanded graphite (EG) under mild conditions. After the oxidation and intercalation by FeCl3for the retired graphite, H2O2molecules are more likely to penetrate into the extended layers. And the gas phase diffusion caused by the produced O2from the redox reaction between FeCl3and H2O2further promotes lattice expansion of interlayers (0.535 nm), which is beneficial to the stripping of graphene oxide (GO) with fewer layers. The EG exhibits excellent electrochemical performances in both LIBs and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). It delivers 331.5 mAh g−1at 3C (1C = 372 mA g−1) in LIBs, while it achieves 176.8 mAh g−1at 3C (1C = 120 mA g−1) in SIBs. Then the capacity retains 753.6 (LIBs) and 201.6 (SIBs) mAh g−1after a long‐term cycling of 500 times at 1C, respectively. The full cells with the EG electrodes after prelithium/presodiation also show excellent cycle stability. Thus, this work offers another referable strategy for the recycling of waste graphite in spent LIBs.
Defect Engineering of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals via Spontaneous Diffusion of Ag Nanocrystals
Authors: Jeon Sanghyun , Ahn Junhyuk , Jung Myung‐Chul , Woo Ho Kun , Bang Junsung , Jung Byung Ku , Oh Seongkeun , Lee Sang Yeop , Lee Kyu Joon , Paik Taejong , Ha Don‐Hyung , Ahn Jae‐Pyoung , Jeong Sohee , Kim Dong Hoe , Noh Jun Hong , Jang Ho Seong , Han Myung Joon , Oh Soong Ju
Published: December 2023

Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a promising building block for the fabrication of optic‐/optoelectronic‐/electronic devices owing to their superior characteristics, such as high absorption coefficient, rapid ion mobilities, and tunable energy levels. However, their low structural stability and poor surface passivation have restricted their application to next‐generation devices. Herein, a drug delivery system (DDS)‐inspired post‐treatment strategy is reported for improving their structural stability by doping of Ag into CsPbBr3 (CPB) perovskite NCs; delivery to damaged sites can promote their structural recovery slowly and uniformly, averting the permanent loss of their intrinsic characteristics. Ag NCs are designed through surface‐chemistry tuning and structural engineering to enable their circulation in CPB NC dispersions, followed by their delivery to the CPB NC surface, defect‐site recovery, and defect prevention. The perovskite‐structure healing process through the DDS‐type process (with Ag NCs as the drug) is analyzed by a combination of theoretical calculations (with density functional theory) and experimental analyses. The proposed DDS‐inspired healing strategy significantly enhances the optical properties and stability of perovskite NCs, enabling the fabrication of white light‐emitting diodes.
Thermal Induced Conversion of CoFe Prussian Blue Analogs Nanocubes Wrapped by Doped Carbon Network Exhibiting Fast and Stable Potassium Ion Storage as Anode
Authors: Ouyang Yujia , Li Ping , Ma Yu , Wei Jiawei , Tian Weiqian , Chen Jingwei , Shi Jing , Zhu Yue , Wu Jingyi , Wang Huanlei
Published: December 2023

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) show great promise as anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high specific capacity. However, PBAs still suffer from the drawbacks of low electronic conductivity and poor structural stability, leading to inadequate rate and cyclic performance. To address these limitations, CoFe PBA nanocubes wrapped with N/S doped carbon network (CoFe PBA@NSC) as anode for PIBs is designed by using thermal‐induced in situ conversion strategy. As expected, the structural advantages of nanosized PBA cubes, such as abundant interfaces and large surface area, enable the CoFe PBA@NSC electrode to demonstrate superior rate properties (557 and 131 mAh g−1 at 0.05 and 10 A g−1) and low capacity degradation (0.093% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1). Furthermore, several ex situ characterizations revealed the K‐ion storage mechanism. Fe+ and Co0 are generated during potassicization, followed by a completely reversible chemical state of iron while some cobalt monomers remained during depotassication. Additionally, the as‐built potassium‐ion hybrid capacitor based on CoFe PBA@NSC anode exhibits a high energy density of 118 Wh kg−1. This work presents an alternative but promising synthesis route for Prussian blue analogs, which is significant for the advancement of PIBs and other related energy storage devices.
Realization of High‐Performance Self‐Powered Polarized Photodetection with Large Temperature Window in a 2D Polar Perovskite
Authors: Wang Lei , Wu Chenhua , Xu Zhijin , Wu Huajie , Dong Xin , Chen Tianqi , Liang Jing , Chen Shuang , Luo Junhua , Li Lina
Published: December 2023

Polarization photodetection taking advantage of the anisotropy of 2D materials shines brilliantly in optoelectronic fields owing to differentiating optical information. However, the previously reported polarization detections are mostly dependent on external power sources, which is not conducive to device integration and energy conservation. Herein, a 2D polar perovskite (CBA)2CsPb2Br7 (CCPB, CBA = 4‐chlorobenzyllamine) has been successfully synthesized, which shows anticipated bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) with an open‐circuited photovoltage up to ≈0.2 V. Devices based on CCPB monomorph fulfill a fascinating self‐powered polarized photodetection with a large polarization ratio of 2.7 at room temperature. Moreover, CCPB features a high phase‐transition temperature (≈475 K) which prompts such self‐powered polarized photodetection in a large temperature window of device operation, since BPVE generated by spontaneous polarization can only exist in the polar structure prior to the phase transition. Further computational investigation reveals the introduction of CBA+ with a large dipole moment contributes to quite large polarization (17.5 µC cm−2) and further super high phase transition temperature of CCPB. This study will promote the application of 2D perovskite materials for self‐powered polarized photodetection in high‐temperature conditions.
Realizing High Thermoelectric Properties in Bi2S3 Bulk via Band Engineering and Nanorods Compositing
Authors: Wang Zi‐Yuan , Guo Jun , Wang Yu , Zhang Yi‐Xing , Feng Jing , Ge Zhen‐Hua
Published: December 2023

Bismuth sulfide is a promising thermoelectric material because of its low cost and toxicity; however, its low electrical conductivity limits its thermoelectric properties. In this study, Bi2S3+x wt% HfCl4 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0) bulk samples are fabricated using a combination of melting and spark plasma sintering. The microstructures, electronic structures, and thermoelectric properties of the composites are characterized. The results of electronic structure calculations show that doping with HfCl4 produces an impurity energy level that narrows the bandgap and allows the Fermi energy level to enter the conduction band, leading to a favorable increase in carrier concentration. By regulating the HfCl4 doping concentration, the electrical conductivity of the 0.75 wt% doped sample reaches 253 Scm−1 at 423 K and its maximum ZT value is 0.47 at 673 K. Moreover, the sample is compounded with Bi2S3 nanorods prepared by the hydrothermal method, reducing thermal conductivity by 30% due to the introduction of additional interfaces and pores. This resulted in a final ZT value of 0.61 at 673 K, which is approximately eight times higher than that of pure Bi2S3. This step‐by‐step optimization approach provides a valuable methodology for enhancing the performance of other thermoelectric material systems.
Constructing Asymmetric Charge Polarized NiCo Prussian Blue Analogue for Promoted Electrocatalytic Methanol to Formate Conversion
Authors: Lin Yunxiang , Wang Yan‐ge , Li Xiaoyu , Zhao Jiahui , Liu Hengjie , Wu Chuanqiang , Yang Li , Li Guang , Qi Zeming , Shan Lei , Jiang Yong , Song Li
Published: December 2023

The highly selective electrochemical conversion of methanol to formate is of great significance for various clean energy devices, but understanding the structure‐to‐property relationship remains unclear. Here, the asymmetric charge polarized NiCo prussian blue analogue (NiCo PBA‐100) is reported to exhibit remarkable catalytic performance with high current density (210 mA cm−2 @1.65 V vs RHE) and Faraday efficiency (over 90%). Meanwhile, the hybrid water splitting and Zinc–methanol‐battery assembled by NiCo PBA‐100 display the promoted performance with decent stability. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and operando Raman spectroscopy indicate that the asymmetric charge polarization in NiCo PBA leads to more unoccupied states of Ni and occupied states of Co, thereby facilitating the rapid transformation of the high‐active catalytic centers. Density functional theory calculations combining operando Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrate that the final reconstructed catalyst derived by NiCo PBA‐100 exhibits rearranged d band properties along with a lowered energy barrier of the rate‐determining step and favors the desired formate production.
Anion Additive Integrated Electric Double Layer and Solvation Shell for Aqueous Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Yang Xiya , Zhou Quan , Wei Shiqiang , Guo Xin , Chimtali Peter Joseph , Xu Wenjie , Chen Shuangming , Cao Yuyang , Zhang Pengjun , Zhu Kefu , Shou Hongwei , Wang Yixiu , Wu Xiaojun , Wang Changda , Song Li
Published: December 2023

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) show great potential in large‐scale energy storage systems. However, the inferior cycling life due to water‐induced parasitic reactions and uncontrollable dendrites growth impede their application. Electrolyte optimization via the use of additives is a promising strategy to enhance the stability of AZIBs. Nevertheless, the mechanism of optimal multifunctional additive strategy requires further exploration. Herein, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) is proposed as a dual‐functional additive in ZnSO4 electrolyte. Benefiting from the additive, both side reactions and zinc dendrites growth are significantly inhibited. Further, a synchrotron radiational spectroscopic study is employed to investigate SDB− adjusted electric double layer (EDL) near the Zn surface and the optimized solvation sheath of Zn2+. First‐principles calculations verify the firm adsorption of SDB−, and restriction of random diffusion of Zn2+ on the Zn surface. In particular, the SDBS additive endows Zn||Zn symmetric cells with a 1035 h ultra‐stable plating/stripping at 0.2 mA cm−2. This work not only provides a promising design strategy by dual‐functional electrolyte additives for high stable AZIBs, but also exhibits the prospect of synchrotron radiation spectroscopy analysis on surface EDL and Zn2+ solvation shell optimization.
Hydrogen Peroxide Tuned Morphology and Crystal Structure of Barium Vanadate‐Based Nanostructures for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Storage Properties
Authors: Shanthappa R. , Kakarla Ashok Kumar , Narsimulu D. , Bandi Hari , Syed Wasim Akram , Wang Tian , Yu Jae Su
Published: December 2023

Improving the layered‐structure stability and suppressing vanadium (V) dissolution during repeated Zn2+ insertion/extraction processes are key to promoting the electrochemical stability of V‐based cathodes for aqueous zinc (Zn)‐ion batteries (AZIBs). In this study, barium vanadate (Ba2V2O7, BVO) nanostructures (NSs) are synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. The formation process of the BVO NSs is controlled by adjusting the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and these NSs are employed as potential cathode materials for AZIBs. As the H2O2 content increases, the corresponding electrochemical properties demonstrate a discernible parabolic trend, with an initial increase, followed by a subsequent decrease. Benefiting from the effect of H2O2 concentration, the optimized BVO electrode with 20 mL H2O2 delivers a specific capacity of 180.15 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 with good rate capability and a long‐term cyclability of 158.34 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1 over 2000 cycles. Thus, this study provides a method for designing cathode materials with robust structures to boost the electrochemical performance of AZIBs.
Supporting the whole student for study‐abroad success
Authors: Kader Justin M.
Published: December 2023

This article explains how each of the six phases of Appreciative Advising can be applied to study abroad through individual advising. It also identifies collaborative approaches and broader applications of an Appreciative mindset to support and empower students in their study‐abroad journeys.
Budgeting reflective (of) appreciative inquiry ethics and principles: BRAVE
Authors: Henning Denise , Gonzalez Price Irlanda
Published: December 2023

Many systems and institutions of post‐secondary education narrowly focus on simply trying to balance budgets rather than strategic priorities that lead to transformative change. In doing so, the emphasis remains on preserving current business practices in higher education, which often recycles dysfunctional and low‐performing programs and services rather than helping systems and institutions evolve into realizing the best outcomes. Effective Appreciative Inquiry practitioners engage people to share their memorable experiences, which lays the groundwork and creates a flow of dialogue that influences the processes for facilitating a strengths‐based approach to budgeting.
Stabilization Effect of Potato Starch on Characteristic Flavor Compounds in Onion Sauce
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Huang Juntong , Zhang Xueer , Zhang Jiaqi , He Guiping , Jia Dongying
Published: December 2023

The food industry is experiencing a substantial demand for transitioning to natural flavors. Nonetheless, the challenge lies in the inherent instability of most flavor molecules when removed from their original sources. Three representative flavor compounds, including dipropyl disulfide (DD), allyl mercaptan (AM), and dimethyl trisulfide (DT), are selected to form composites with potato starch (PS) to protect them from decomposition or transformation. Then, their physicochemical properties and microstructures are investigated using combined methods. PS can combine with these sulfides mainly through its amylose, and thioethers are more likely to interact with PS than mercaptan. All the composites have lower phase transition temperature and higher enthalpy values than PS, and PS‐AM exhibits the largest stability followed by PS‐DD and PS‐DT. The sulfides interact with PS by entering into the helical cavity of its amylose mainly through hydrophobic interaction and increase the long‐range ordered degree and short‐range ordered degree of the composites. DD, AM, and DT can form V‐type inclusion composites with PS, which reserves more DD and AM to delay flavor degradation and enhances the flavor stability of onion sauce. This study can provide valuable reference for the preservation of characteristic flavors of allium food products during thermal processing and storage.
‘Choroid bar’: easy‐to‐seek marker of normal posterior fossa at 12–14 weeks' gestation
Authors: Paladini D. , Biancotto G. , Della Sala F. , Acharya P. V.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Our objectives were: (1) to assess the visualization rate of the choroid bar in a consecutive series of 306 first‐trimester scans; (2) to verify, in this cohort of fetuses, the normality of the posterior fossa later in pregnancy; and (3) to confirm the non‐visualization of the choroid bar in a retrospective series of fetuses with posterior fossa malformations.

Methods

This study included a prospective and a retrospective series. The former comprised 306 fetuses undergoing routine obstetric ultrasound at our unit in both the first and second trimesters over a 6‐month period, while the latter comprised 12 cases of posterior fossa malformations. In the prospective study, the presence of the choroid bar, which is defined as a visually continuous, homogeneously hyperechogenic, thick structure bridging the cisterna magna from side to side, was evaluated at the end of the first‐trimester nuchal translucency scan. In the retrospective study, previously acquired three‐dimensional volume datasets were processed in order to assess whether the choroid bar could be visualized in cases of open spinal dysraphisms and vermian cystic anomalies. In the prospective study, confirmation of a normal posterior fossa was based on the sonographic features of this anatomical region at the time of the second‐trimester anomaly scan at 19–21 weeks' gestation, while, in the retrospective study, it was based on autopsy results, when available, or further direct imaging of the defect later in pregnancy.

Results

In the prospective study, the choroid bar could be visualized in all 306 fetuses, on transabdominal ultrasound in 287 (93.8%) cases and on transvaginal ultrasound in 19 (6.2%) cases. The choroid bar was displayed with a ventral/dorsal approach in 67 (21.9%) cases, with a lateral approach in 56 (18.3%) cases and with both in 183 (59.8%) cases. All 306 cases were confirmed to have a sonographically normal posterior fossa at 19–21 weeks. On the other hand, in the retrospective study, it was not possible to visualize the choroid bar in any of the fetuses with posterior fossa malformations.

Conclusions

We have described a new sign, the choroid bar, consistent with a normal posterior fossa at 12–14 weeks' gestation. The choroid bar provides the option of screening for major abnormalities of the posterior fossa, since its absence raises suspicion of both open spinal dysraphisms and posterior fossa cystic malformations. At the same time, it is easy to visualize, as it can be seen with all lines of insonation. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Testing of detection tools for AI-generated text
Authors: Weber-Wulff Debora , Anohina-Naumeca Alla , Bjelobaba Sonja , Foltýnek Tomáš , Guerrero-Dib Jean , Popoola Olumide , Šigut Petr , Waddington Lorna
Published: December 2023

Recent advances in generative pre-trained transformer large language models have emphasised the potential risks of unfair use of artificial intelligence (AI) generated content in an academic environment and intensified efforts in searching for solutions to detect such content. The paper examines the general functionality of detection tools for AI-generated text and evaluates them based on accuracy and error type analysis. Specifically, the study seeks to answer research questions about whether existing detection tools can reliably differentiate between human-written text and ChatGPT-generated text, and whether machine translation and content obfuscation techniques affect the detection of AI-generated text. The research covers 12 publicly available tools and two commercial systems (Turnitin and PlagiarismCheck) that are widely used in the academic setting. The researchers conclude that the available detection tools are neither accurate nor reliable and have a main bias towards classifying the output as human-written rather than detecting AI-generated text. Furthermore, content obfuscation techniques significantly worsen the performance of tools. The study makes several significant contributions. First, it summarises up-to-date similar scientific and non-scientific efforts in the field. Second, it presents the result of one of the most comprehensive tests conducted so far, based on a rigorous research methodology, an original document set, and a broad coverage of tools. Third, it discusses the implications and drawbacks of using detection tools for AI-generated text in academic settings.
Understanding Ludwig Lachmann's Economics
Authors: Storr Virgil Henry , Stein Solomon M.
Published: December 2023

Ludwig Lachmann is a central but underappreciated figure within the Austrian school of economics. Although his understanding of institutions, his appreciation of the heterogeneity of capital, his emphasis on subjectivity, and his focus on the dynamism and uncertainty of the real world have become dominant positions amongst Austrian economists, he is still viewed as something of an outsider. As such, the contributions of Lachmann's economics are arguably misunderstood. This Element attempts to tease out and discuss the critical contributions of Lachmann's economics. Arguably, one way in which to understand Lachmann's economics is by seeing it as unified in considering, in various ways, a single conceptual 'problem' – the apparent tension between the dynamic nature of social reality and the intelligible nature of the social world. Approaching Lachmann with this theme in mind allows us to put things together more coherently than other exegetical strategies.
Occupational inhalation exposure during surface disinfection—exposure assessment based on exposure models compared with measurement data
Authors: Anhäuser Lea , Piorr Benedikt , Arnone Mario , Wegscheider Wolfgang , Gerding Johannes
Published: December 2023

Background

For healthcare workers, surface disinfections are daily routine tasks. An assessment of the inhalation exposure to hazardous substances, in this case the disinfectant´s active ingredients, is necessary to ensure workers safety. However, deciding which exposure model is best for exposure assessment remains difficult.

Objective

The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of different exposure models for disinfection of small surfaces in healthcare settings.

Methods

Measurements of the air concentration of active ingredients in disinfectants (ethanol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, peroxyacetic acid) together with other exposure parameters were recorded in a test chamber. The measurements were performed using personal and stationary air sampling. In addition, exposure modelling was performed using three deterministic models (unsteady 1-zone, ConsExpo and 2-component) and one modifying-factor model (Stoffenmanager®). Their estimates were compared with the measured values using various methods to assess model quality (like accuracy and level of conservatism).

Results

The deterministic models showed overestimation predominantly in the range of two- to fivefold relative to the measured data and high conservatism for all active ingredients of disinfectants with the exception of ethanol. With Stoffenmanager® an exposure distribution was estimated for ethanol, which was in good accordance with the measured data.

Impact statement

To date, workplace exposure assessments often involve expensive and time consuming air measurements. Reliable exposure models can be used to assess occupational inhalation exposure to hazardous substances, in this case surface disinfectants. This study describes the applicability of three deterministic and one modifying-factor model for disinfection of small surfaces in healthcare settings, in direct comparison to measurements performed and will facilitate future exposure assessments at these workplaces.
Trogocytosis of CAR molecule regulates CAR-T cell dysfunction and tumor antigen escape
Authors: Zhai You , Du Yicong , Li Guanzhang , Yu Mingchen , Hu Huimin , Pan Changqing , Wang Di , Shi Zhongfang , Yan Xu , Li Xuesong , Jiang Tao , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated clinical response in treating both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. Although instances of rapid tumor remissions have been observed in animal models and clinical trials, tumor relapses occur with multiple therapeutic resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, while the mechanisms underlying the long-term therapeutic resistance are well-known, short-term adaptation remains less understood. However, more views shed light on short-term adaptation and hold that it provides an opportunity window for long-term resistance. In this study, we explore a previously unreported mechanism in which tumor cells employ trogocytosis to acquire CAR molecules from CAR-T cells, a reversal of previously documented processes. This mechanism results in the depletion of CAR molecules and subsequent CAR-T cell dysfunction, also leading to short-term antigen loss and antigen masking. Such type of intercellular communication is independent of CAR downstream signaling, CAR-T cell condition, target antigen, and tumor cell type. However, it is mainly dependent on antigen density and CAR sensitivity, and is associated with tumor cell cholesterol metabolism. Partial mitigation of this trogocytosis-induced CAR molecule transfer can be achieved by adaptively administering CAR-T cells with antigen density-individualized CAR sensitivities. Together, our study reveals a dynamic process of CAR molecule transfer and refining the framework of clinical CAR-T therapy for solid tumors.
Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Wellford Sebastian A. , Moseman E. Ashley
Published: December 2023

Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract, yet the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized the importance of the olfactory mucosa as an immune barrier. Situated in the nasal passages, the olfactory mucosa is directly exposed to the environment to sense airborne odorants; however, this also means it can serve as a direct route of entry from the outside world into the brain. As a result, olfactotropic infections can have serious consequences, including dysfunction of the olfactory system, CNS invasion, dissemination to the lower respiratory tract, and transmission between individuals. Recent research has shown that a distinctive immune response is needed to protect this neuronal and mucosal tissue. A better understanding of innate, adaptive, and structural immune barriers in the olfactory mucosa is needed to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines against olfactotropic microbes such as SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarize the ramifications of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the olfactory mucosa, review the subsequent immune response, and discuss important areas of future research for olfactory immunity to infectious disease.
ppGpp accumulation reduces the expression of the global nitrogen homeostasis-modulating NtcA regulon by affecting 2-oxoglutarate levels
Authors: Hidese Ryota , Ohbayashi Ryudo , Kato Yuichi , Matsuda Mami , Tanaka Kan , Imamura Sousuke , Ashida Hiroki , Kondo Akihiko , Hasunuma Tomohisa
Published: December 2023

The cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 accumulates alarmone guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) under stress conditions, such as darkness. A previous study observed that artificial ppGpp accumulation under photosynthetic conditions led to the downregulation of genes involved in the nitrogen assimilation system, which is activated by the global nitrogen regulator NtcA, suggesting that ppGpp regulates NtcA activity. However, the details of this mechanism have not been elucidated. Here, we investigate the metabolic responses associated with ppGpp accumulation by heterologous expression of the ppGpp synthetase RelQ. The pool size of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), which activates NtcA, is significantly decreased upon ppGpp accumulation. De novo 13C-labeled CO2 assimilation into the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle and glycolytic intermediates continues irrespective of ppGpp accumulation, whereas the labeling of 2-OG is significantly decreased under ppGpp accumulation. The low 2-OG levels in the RelQ overexpression cells could be because of the inhibition of metabolic enzymes, including aconitase, which are responsible for 2-OG biosynthesis. We propose a metabolic rearrangement by ppGpp accumulation, which negatively regulates 2-OG levels to maintain carbon and nitrogen balance.
Exploring the cell interactome: deciphering relative impacts of cell–cell communication in cell co-culture using a novel microfluidic device
Authors: Otte Ellen A. , Smith Taryn N. , Glass Nick , Wolvetang Ernst J. , Cooper-White Justin J.
Published: December 2023

Determining impact of contact vs. paracrine signalling.