bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in the Southern Caucasus Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Gumus Erdal , Mammadov Rza
Published: January 2020

The primary purpose of this paper is to find out the relationship between real government expenditures and real gross domestic product (GDP) for three countries of the South Caucasus namely, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia. The relationship between the variables is essential for policy formation for these countries due to their transition to market economy. There are two main hypotheses related to real government expenditures and growth. The Wagner’s hypothesis argues that the growth of an economy leads to more government spending while Keynes’s hypothesis proposes that government expenditures feed higher economic growth. From policy perspectives, the Keynesian view gives a dominant role in government intervention for higher growth while Wagner view gives just a passive role to the government in economic policy. This paper is designed to investigate these hypotheses by using econometric panel techniques. The analysis covers the years 1990-2016. According to our empirical results, there is a mutually positive relationship between real government expenditures and economic growth in the South Caucasus. At the same time, we also find short and long-term bidirectional causality. These results confirm each other and in line with the existing literature. Our study contributes to the literature as filling the gap by studying the South Caucasus countries.
Prevalencia y factores asociados a incontinencia urinaria en el área de salud este de Valladolid
Authors: Martín Tuda Cristina , Carnero Fernández Maria Pilar
Published: January 2020

Introducción: La incontinencia urinaria (IU) es la pérdida involuntaria de orina que constituye un problema social o higiénico importante y es demostrable de forma objetiva. Es un síntoma común que aparece en muchas enfermedades, afectando a todos los grupos de edad y a ambos sexos. En España se estima una prevalencia global de 24% en la mujer y 7% en el hombre, aumentando con la edad hasta el 50% y 29% respectivamente. A pesar de su repercusión en la calidad de vida se encuentra infradiagnosticada por diversos motivos. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la IU y sus factores asociados. Material y Método: En este estudio epidemiológico observacional retrospectivo se recogieron datos de las historias clínicas de pacientes con IU de la Unidad de Suelo Pélvico del Área de Salud Este de Valladolid. Resultados: Los tipos de incontinencia más frecuentes fueron: de esfuerzo (43,13%) y mixta (39,21%). Los factores de riesgo y patología asociada más importantes fueron episiotomía (57,1%) y cistocele (32,6%) en las mujeres y adenocarcinoma de próstata (60%) en los hombres. Tras tratamiento rehabilitador en un intervalo de 2 a 3 meses mejoraron las respuestas en los cuestionarios de incontinencia urinaria (ICIQ-SF).Conclusiones: Los datos recopilados están en consonancia con estudios revisados, y viendo los avances en prevención y tratamiento de IU resulta coherente su abordaje multidisciplinar.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine that is a major social or hygienic problem and is objectively provable. It is a common symptom that appears in many diseases, affecting all age groups and both sexes. In Spain it is estimated a prevalence of 24% in women and 7% in men, increasing with age up to 50% and 29% respectively. Despite its impact on quality of life, it is under-diagnosed for various reasons. Objective: To determine the prevalence of UI and its associated factors. Material and method: In this retrospective longitudinal epidemiological study data were collected from the medical histories of patients with UI belonging to the Pelvic Floor Unit of the East Health Area in Valladolid. Results: The most frequent types of incontinence were: effort (43,13%) and mixed (39,21%). The most important risk factors and associated diseases were episiotomy (57.1%) and cystocele (32.6%) in women and adenocarcinoma of prostate (60%) in men. Responses in the questionnaires of urinary incontinence (ICIQ-SF) improved after 2-3 months of rehabilitation treatment.Conclusions: The collected data are consistent with studies reviewed, and seeing the progress in prevention and treatment of UI, multidisciplinary approach is coherent.
El flamenco en la Valencia republicana
Authors: Paulo Selvi Isabel Amparo
Published: January 2020

Valencia, a principios de 1930, era una ciudad llena de contrastes con una gran oferta cultural y de ocio. Hubo una colonia flamenca valenciana, una afición y un interés empresarial por los espectáculos flamencos. El flamenquismo arraigado en la urbe se sintió diferente al andaluz como arte y reivindicación social (aunque se dio el debate interno entre los estilos puros y los importados). La creación del Café Cantante Villa Rosa y la breve estancia en él de los hermanos Borrull (1931-1934) fue muy significativa. El objetivo es rescatar esa Valencia flamenca olvidada, descubrir la colonia flamenca valenciana y centrar el interés en el Café Cantante de los hermanos Borrull, y muy especialmente en Concha Borrull, su Capitana.

Valencia, at the beginning of 1930, was a city full of contrasts with a great cultural and leisure offer. There was a Valencian flamenco colony, a business interest in flamenco shows. The flamenquismo rooted in the city felt different to the Andalusian flamenco as art and social claim (although there was the internal debate between pure and imported styles). The creation of Café Singer Villa Rosa and the brief stay there of the Borrull brothers (1931-1934) was very significant. The final objective is to rescue that forgotten Flamenco in Valencia, to discover the Valencian flamenco colony and to focus the interest in the Café of the Borrull brothers, and especially in Concha Borrull, its Captain.
Jordi Margalef
Authors: Casado Martínez Carlos , Montserrat Roser
Published: January 2020

En esta entrevista, Jordi Margalef nos cuenta su experiencia trabajando con un gestor de contenidos para la creación de un portal web. Con él analizamos los pros y contras de estas utilidades a través de su experiencia trabajando con Joomla!, un CMS de código abierto.
Crear y mantener una página web
Authors: Córcoles César , Casado Martínez Carlos
Published: January 2020

Los gestores de contenidos han cambiado el proceso de creación y mantenimiento de sitios web, pero no han substituido procedimientos anteriores. En este artículo se valoran tanto la creación de webs estáticas como dinámicas (utilizando CMS), y se revisan las características de diferentes gestores de contenidos, así como los procedimientos para la creación y actualización de páginas web.
(Wo)monstrous suturing: Woman doctoral students cutting together/apart
Authors: Shelton Stephanie Anne , Guyotte Kelly W. , Flint Maureen A.
Published: January 2020

This paper centers the experiences and understandings of women doctoral students during two separate focus groups and collaborative collages. (Re)theorizing “monsters” as “intra- sectional” through Karen Barad’s and Kimberlé Crenshaw’s scholarship, we (re)position the “monstrous” as agentive and self-creative concepts. We explore the concept of (wo)monsters and the (wo)monstrous: empowered women participants who, through their verbal and artistic participations, cut themselves, others, and the group together/apart. In making these cuttings, they worked to (re)suture themselves and their group(s) back together in (re)generative, (wo)monstrous ways. The women’s participations emphasized their (wo)monstrosities as affirmingly fantastical, imagining new ways of being and wreaking havoc on hegemony and hierarchy.
Experimental evaluation of genomic DNA degradation rates for the pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) in bat guano
Authors: Urbina Jenny , Chestnut Tara , Schwalm Donelle , Allen Jenn , Levi Taal
Published: January 2020

Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the causative agent of white-nose syndrome in bats (WNS), has led to dramatic declines of bat populations in eastern North America. In the spring of 2016, WNS was first detected at several locations in Washington State, USA, which has prompted the need for large scale surveillance efforts to monitor the spread of Pd. Pd is typically detected in bats using invasive methods requiring capturing and swabbing individual bats. However, Pd can also be detected in guano, which may provide an efficient, affordable, and noninvasive means to monitor Pd in bats across North America. The widespread implementation of Pd surveillance in guano is hindered by substantial uncertainty about the probability of detecting Pd when present, and how this probability is influenced by the time since defecation, local environmental conditions, the amount of guano sampled, and the original concentration of DNA shed in the guano. In addition, the expected degradation rate of Pd DNA depends on whether the Pd DNA found in guano represents extracellular DNA fragments, intracellular DNA from dead Pd fungal cells, or from intracellular and viable Pd cells. While this is currently unknown, it has been posited that most environmental DNA, such as Pd found in guano long after defecation, is fragmented extracellular DNA. Using non-viable isolated DNA at precise quantities, we experimentally characterized the degradation rates of Pd DNA in guano samples. We spiked 450 guano samples with Pd gDNA in a 10-fold dilution series from 1 million to 1,000 fg and placed them in variable environmental conditions at five sites at Mount Rainier National Park in Washington State, which is a priority location for Pd surveillance. We evaluated DNA degradation over 70 days by quantifying the amount of DNA in samples collected every 14 days using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our sampling period was from July 10th to September 17th 2018 which overlaps with bat movement between summer roosts as well as movement from maternity colonies fall swarms. We detected Pd DNA in guano 56 and 70 days after inoculation with 1 million and 100,000 fg respectively, while the lowest quantity (1,000 fg) was detected until 42 days. Detection probability was variable among sites and lower where samples were left exposed without overhead cover. If Pd is shed as extracellular DNA in guano at quantities above 1,000 fg, then guano collection is likely to provide an effective tool for environmental screening of Pd that can be employed in an early detection and rapid response framework throughout Washington and other regions where this disease is rapidly emerging.
Evolution of sexual size dimorphism in the wing musculature of Drosophila
Authors: Tracy Claire B. , Nguyen Janet , Abraham Rayna , Shirangi Troy R.
Published: January 2020

Male courtship songs in Drosophila are exceedingly diverse across species. While much of this variation is understood to have evolved from changes in the central nervous system, evolutionary transitions in the wing muscles that control the song may have also contributed to song diversity. Here, focusing on a group of four wing muscles that are known to influence courtship song in Drosophila melanogaster, we investigate the evolutionary history of wing muscle anatomy of males and females from 19 Drosophila species. We find that three of the wing muscles have evolved sexual dimorphisms in size multiple independent times, whereas one has remained monomorphic in the phylogeny. These data suggest that evolutionary changes in wing muscle anatomy may have contributed to species variation in sexually dimorphic wing-based behaviors, such as courtship song. Moreover, wing muscles appear to differ in their propensity to evolve size dimorphisms, which may reflect variation in the functional constraints acting upon different wing muscles.
Effect of Integrated Nitrogen Management on Growth Performance of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Var. Contendor under Temperate Conditions of Kashmir Valley
Authors: Jan Rehana , Ali Tahir , Mushtaq Nighat , Ahmad Bhat Shakeel , Nabi Baseerat Binte , Farooq Khushboo
Published: January 2020

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of integrated nitrogen management on growth performance characteristics of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. contendor under temperate conditions of Kashmir valley during kharif season of 2014 at the research farm of SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block (RDF) design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. The combination of dalweed compost and vermicompost with bio-fertilizer (Rhizobium) and reduced dose of chemical fertilizers were tested in comparison with RDF [1]. The soil under study was clay loam in texture, medium in available nitrogen (310.10 kgha-1), phosphorus (22.92 kgha-1) and potassium (249.10 kgha-1) with neutral pH (7.2). The physical, chemical and biological parameters of soil were found to be significantly improved under INM practices than organic and chemical management practices. It was observed that the integrated application of nutrient levels had a significant influence on growth, yield and yield parameters in French bean. The results revealed that application of 75% N through urea + 25% N through vermicompost + biofertilizer (Rhizobium) (22.5 kg N + 0.55 t ha-1 + 20 g kg-1 seed) recorded maximum growth plant height (29.13 cm), plant spread (29.17 cm ), maximum number of branches per plant (5.70) and maximum plant biomass (25.70 q ha-1).and yield characters like Maximum seeds per pod (5.50), Maximum 100-seed weight (40.02 g), Maximum seed yield (23.96 q ha-1) and stover yield (29.20 q ha-1). Thus, it may be concluded that integrated nitrogen management (INM) improved the growth and yield of French bean.
Divergent metabolic responses dictate vulnerability to NAMPT inhibition in ovarian cancer
Authors: Kudo Kei , Nomura Miyuki , Sakamoto Yoshimi , Ito Shigemi , Morita Mami , Kawai Masaaki , Yamashita Yoji , Ito Kiyoshi , Yamada Hidekazu , Shima Hiroshi , Yaegashi Nobuo , Tanuma Nobuhiro
Published: January 2020

It is of current interest to target cancer metabolism as treatment for many malignancies, including ovarian cancer (OVC), in which few druggable driver mutations have been identified. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate‐limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway, is a potential therapeutic target in OVC. However, factors that determine responsiveness to NAMPT inhibition are not fully understood. Here, we report that OVC cell lines can be divided into subgroups exhibiting NAMPT‐dependent or NAMPT‐independent glycolysis, and these metabolic differences correlate with vulnerability to NAMPT inhibition. Interestingly, cells showing NAMPT‐dependent glycolysis were enriched in a group of cells lacking BRCA1/2 gene mutations. Our findings suggest the importance of selecting appropriate patients for NAMPT‐targeting therapy in OVC.
Upregulation of BCAM and its sense lncRNA BAN are associated with gastric cancer metastasis and poor prognosis
Authors: Jin Juan , Xie Shanshan , Sun Qiang , Huang Zhenxia , Chen Kanghua , Guo Dongyang , Rao Xianping , Deng Yujie , Liu Yiman , Li Shuang , Cui Wenyu , Maibam Valentina Chanu , Wang Junni , Zhuo Wei , Zhou Tianhua
Published: January 2020

Patients with metastatic gastric cancer (GC) have a poor prognosis; however, the molecular mechanism of GC metastasis remains unclear. Here, we employed bioinformatics to systematically screen the metastasis‐associated genes and found that the levels of basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM) were significantly increased in GC tissues from patients with metastasis, as compared to those without metastasis. The upregulation of BCAM was also significantly associated with a shorter survival time. Depletion of BCAM inhibited GC cell migration and invasion. Knockout (KO) of BCAM by the CRISPR/Cas9 system reduced the invasion and metastasis of GC cells. To explore the mechanism of BCAM upregulation, we identified a previously uncharacterized BCAM sense lncRNA that spanned from exon 6 to intron 6 of BCAM, and named it as BCAM‐associated long noncoding RNA (BAN). Knockdown of BAN inhibited BCAM expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Knockdown of BAN suppressed GC cell migration and invasion, which was effectively rescued by ectopic expression of BCAM. Further clinical data showed that BAN upregulation was associated with GC metastasis and poor prognosis. Importantly, BAN expression was also significantly associated with that of BCAM in GC tissues. Taken together, these results indicate that increased expression of BCAM and its sense lncRNA BAN promote GC cell invasion and metastasis, and are associated with poor prognosis of GC patients.
Bioinspired Aluminum Composite Reinforced with Soft Polymers with Enhanced Strength and Plasticity
Authors: Rout Arpan , Gumaste Anurag , Pandey Praful , Oliveira Eliezer Fernando , Demiss Solomon , Mahesh Vaikkara Purushothaman , Bhatt Chintan , Raphael Kiran , Ayyagari Ravi Sastri , Autreto Pedro A. S. , Palit Mithun , Olu Femi , Galvao Douglas S. , Arora Amit , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar
Published: January 2020

Composites have played a key role in revolutionizing the automobile, marine, and aerospace industries. There is a constant attempt for the development of low‐density composite materials with superior mechanical and corrosion‐resistant properties for elevated temperature applications. Herein, an attempt is made to develop a nature‐inspired unique aluminum‐based composite with low‐density polymer (polyethylene terephthalate, i.e., soft material) reinforcement, which shows an enhancement in strength and toughness. The composite is processed using the easily scalable and simple friction stir processing technique. Mechanical properties of the uniformly reinforced aluminum composite show double ultimate strength and fivefold improvement in plasticity. The ultimate strength of the composite increases at elevated temperatures. The experimental observations are further supported by theoretical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations.
(De)form and Function: Measuring Cellular Forces with Deformable Materials and Deformable Structures
Authors: Obenaus Ava M. , Mollica Molly Y. , Sniadecki Nathan J.
Published: January 2020

The ability for biological cells to produce mechanical forces is important for the development, function, and homeostasis of tissue. The measurement of cellular forces is not a straightforward task because individual cells are microscopic in size and the forces they produce are at the nanonewton scale. Consequently, studies in cell mechanics rely on advanced biomaterials or flexible structures that permit one to infer these forces by the deformation they impart on the material or structure. Herein, the scientific progression on the use of deformable materials and deformable structures to measure cellular forces are reviewed. The findings and insights made possible with these approaches in the field of cell mechanics are summarized.
Impacts of cover crop planting dates on soils after four years
Authors: Ruis Sabrina J. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Elmore Roger W. , Proctor Christopher , Koehler‐Cole Katja , Ferguson Richard B. , Francis Charles A. , Shapiro Charles A.
Published: January 2020

Impacts of cover crop (CC) mixes and early CC planting on soil properties, CC biomass production, and CC biomass C input are not well understood. We assessed CC planting date (pre‐ or post‐harvest) and CC type (rye [Secale cereale L.], mix of winter pea [Pisum sativum L.], hairy vetch [Vicia villosa L.], rye, and radish [Raphanus sativus L.], or no CC) effects on soil physical properties, organic matter, and CC biomass C input under three no‐till continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and corn‐soybean (Glycine max L.) sites in the eastern Great Plains after 4 yr. Across sites and years, pre‐harvest‐planted CCs produced 0.81 ± 0.52 (mean ± SD), post‐harvest‐planted 0.59 ± 0.44, rye 0.83 ± 0.52, and mix 0.57 ± 0.42 Mg biomass ha−1. Compared to no CC, pre‐ and post‐harvest–planted CC effects varied by site. Pre‐harvest–planted CCs increased wet‐aggregate stability by 17% and particulate organic matter by 31% under continuous corn at one of three sites compared with post‐harvest‐planted CCs. Similarly, the CC mix had variable effects on cone index but reduced bulk density by 7% at one site under continuous corn and increased wet‐aggregate stability by 21% at another site under corn−soybean. Planting date, but not CC type, effects were slightly more evident under continuous corn than corn−soybean. Across sites and years, pre‐harvest‐plant CC had 0.29 ± 0.38 Mg biomass C ha−1, post‐harvest‐planted 0.22 ± 0.30, rye 0.33 ± 0.37, and the mix 0.16 ± 0.27. Low CC biomass (<1 Mg ha−1) production may explain the limited CC effects. Overall, pre‐harvest‐planted CCs and CC mixes had minimal effects on soil properties in this region after 4 yr.
Refinement of the kinetic model for guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation over platinum catalysts
Authors: Xiao Yang , Lagare Rexonni , Blanshan Lindsey , Martinez Enrico N. , Varma Arvind
Published: January 2020

In our prior work (Ind Eng Chem Res, 2015, 54, 10638‐10644), hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) kinetics of guaiacol, a well‐known model compound of bio‐oil, over Pt/AC (activated carbon) catalysts were investigated under integral operating conditions. It was found that the pseudo‐homogeneous plug‐flow model utilizing these kinetics describes the experimental observations well (with normalized RMS error = 7.6%). In the present work, under differential operating conditions instead, we refine the kinetic model for the same reaction network over the same catalyst. We show that among the five reaction steps in the network, the reaction order of one step differs from our prior work, while the orders remain unchanged for the other four steps. The activation energies of two steps differ from our prior values by 10–15 kJ/mol, and for the other three steps remain essentially consistent with our prior work. The kinetic parameters from the present work are used to predict fixed‐bed reactor performance under integral operating conditions as well. The comparison between experimental and predicted values for both the prior and new sets of data is excellent and even better than our prior model (with reduced normalized RMS error = 4.2%). The kinetic analysis additionally proposed that the direct and indirect pathways of phenol formation from guaiacol HDO depend on guaiacol conversion values. The present work demonstrates that kinetic expressions and parameters obtained from a gradientless differential reactor are more reliable and can be used to successfully predict integral reactor performance data.
Oppositely Charged Ti3C2Tx MXene Membranes with 2D Nanofluidic Channels for Osmotic Energy Harvesting
Authors: Ding Li , Xiao Dan , Lu Zong , Deng Junjie , Wei Yanying , Caro Jürgen , Wang Haihui
Published: January 2020

Membrane‐based reverse electrodialysis (RED) is considered as the most promising technique to harvest osmotic energy. However, the traditional membranes are limited by high internal resistance and low efficiency, resulting in undesirable power densities. Herein, we report the combination of oppositely charged Ti3C2Tx MXene membranes (MXMs) with confined 2D nanofluidic channels as high‐performance osmotic power generators. The negatively or positively charged 2D MXene nanochannels exhibit typical surface‐charge‐governed ion transport and show excellent cation or anion selectivity. By mixing the artificial sea water (0.5 m NaCl) and river water (0.01 m NaCl), we obtain a maximum power density of ca. 4.6 Wm−2, higher than most of the state‐of‐the‐art membrane‐based osmotic power generators, and very close to the commercialization benchmark (5 Wm−2). Through connecting ten tandem MXM‐RED stacks, the output voltage can reach up 1.66 V, which can directly power the electronic devices.
NiH‐Catalyzed Migratory Defluorinative Olefin Cross‐Coupling: Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Alkenes as Acceptor Olefins to Form gem‐Difluoroalkenes
Authors: Chen Fenglin , Xu Xianfeng , He Yuli , Huang Genping , Zhu Shaolin
Published: January 2020

We report a NiH‐catalyzed migratory defluorinative coupling between two electronically differentiated olefins. A broad range of unactivated donor olefins can be joined directly to acceptor olefins containing an electron‐deficient trifluoromethyl substituent in both intra‐ and intermolecular fashion to form gem‐difluoroalkenes. This migratory coupling shows both site‐ and chemoselectivity under mild conditions, with the formation of a tertiary or quaternary carbon center.
Polyhydrazide‐Based Organic Nanotubes as Efficient and Selective Artificial Iodide Channels
Authors: Roy Arundhati , Joshi Himanshu , Ye Ruijuan , Shen Jie , Chen Feng , Aksimentiev Aleksei , Zeng Huaqiang
Published: January 2020

Reported herein is a series of pore‐containing polymeric nanotubes based on a hydrogen‐bonded hydrazide backbone. Nanotubes of suitable lengths, possessing a hollow cavity of about a 6.5 Å diameter, mediate highly efficient transport of diverse types of anions, rather than cations, across lipid membranes. The reported polymer channel, having an average molecular weight of 18.2 kDa and 3.6 nm in helical height, exhibits the highest anion‐transport activities for iodide (EC50=0.042 μm or 0.028 mol % relative to lipid), whcih is transported 10 times more efficiently than chlorides (EC50=0.47 μm). Notably, even in cholesterol‐rich environment, iodide transport activity remains high with an EC50 of 0.37 μm. Molecular dynamics simulation studies confirm that the channel is highly selective for anions and that such anion selectivity arises from a positive electrostatic potential of the central lumen rendered by the interior‐pointing methyl groups.
Oxidative Addition of Alkenyl and Alkynyl Iodides to a AuI Complex
Authors: Cadge Jamie A. , Sparkes Hazel A. , Bower John F. , Russell Christopher A.
Published: January 2020

The first isolated examples of intermolecular oxidative addition of alkenyl and alkynyl iodides to AuI are reported. Using a 5,5′‐difluoro‐2,2′‐bipyridyl ligated complex, oxidative addition of geometrically defined alkenyl iodides occurs readily, reversibly and stereospecifically to give alkenyl‐AuIII complexes. Conversely, reversible alkynyl iodide oxidative addition generates bimetallic complexes containing both AuIII and AuI centers. Stoichiometric studies show that both new initiation modes can form the basis for the development of C−C bond forming cross‐couplings.
Spontaneous Oleofoams from Water‐in‐Oil Emulsions
Authors: Grizopoulou Sofia , Karagiorgou Maria , Karageorgiou Vassilis , Shao Ping , Petridis Dimitrios , Ritzoulis Christos
Published: January 2020

Spontaneously foaming oil systems have been formulated from water‐in‐oil emulsions by the controlled release and entrapment of gas in emulsified water droplets contained within the oil. The cascade of events leading to their formation is as follows: Two Span 60‐emulsified populations of water droplets, one containing Na2CO3, the other 10% HCl and caseinate, were mixed in miglyol oil; the controlled coalescence of Na2CO3 droplets with the HCl ones served as a microreactor for the pH reduction and the subsequent release of CO2 from Na2CO3; these gas microbubbles were arrested by sodium caseinate, stabilizing a microfoam within the water droplets; these droplets expanded under the rising gas pressure, spontaneously transforming the surrounding oil into a foamy oleogel containing water droplets.
Visco‐elasto‐plastic constitutive model of adhesives under uniaxial compression in a range of strain rates
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Li Peifeng
Published: January 2020

Determining the constitutive model of adhesives enables the prediction of the mechanical response of hybrid structures in which the adhesive is used. In this study, the stress–strain behavior of a two‐component structural adhesive was first measured in uniaxial compression experiments at the strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 2600 s−1 for developing a constitutive model. It was found that the compressive response, including elastic modulus, yield strength, and plastic flow stress, is substantially influenced by the strain rate. In plastic deformation, the strain rate sensitivity is not constant but varies with the rate; moreover, strain softening and hardening dominate the plastic deformation at low and high strains, respectively. A visco‐elasto‐plastic constitutive model was then proposed for the adhesive, integrating the strain rate sensitivity that was quantified by empirical equations. The model which was validated can reliably represent the strain rate dependent compressive behavior of the adhesive. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48962.
A study of rheological limitations in rotary jet spinning of polymer nanofibers through modeling and experimentation
Authors: Rogalski James J. , Botto Lorenzo , Bastiaansen Cees W. M. , Peijs Ton
Published: January 2020

The recently popularized method of rotary jet spinning (RJS) or centrifugal spinning is investigated to evaluate the rheological limitations of polymer solutions and melts to optimal spinnability. The influence of Newtonian or non‐Newtonian behavior of the polymer on spinnability is discussed. We observe that highly viscous polymers tend to block the die channels within a rotary jet spinneret and therefore suggest the use of relatively low Newtonian viscosities of between 1 and 10 Pa s for optimal fiber production. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are used in conjunction with experimental data to establish important processing parameters, such as typical shear rates in the device and optimal polymer melt or solution viscosities. A theoretical model for RJS is compared to measured fiber diameters. The comparison shows that although fiber diameters can be estimated very roughly in the case of polymer solutions, the prediction of fiber diameter in the case of polymer melts require further modeling work. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48963.
Evaluation of polyphosphoric acid on the performance of polymer modified asphalt binders
Authors: Liu Shengjie , Zhou Shengbo , Peng Aihong
Published: January 2020

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) on the mechanical performance of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and styrene–butadiene–rubber (SBR) modified asphalt. Conventional properties, multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) tests were conducted to evaluate the performance characteristics of asphalt at different PPA inclusions. Gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC), saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were carried to reveal the molecular weight, component and infrared spectra of asphalt. Results showed that PPA hardened the asphalt, improved the rutting and fatigue performances of polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binder, but weakened the anti‐cracking performances. Besides, storage stability had a significant improvement as the addition of PPA. The addition of PPA brought more macromolecules into asphalt and led to more high‐average molecular weight compounds. Furthermore, PPA changed four component ratios of asphalt. Both PMA with or without PPA have similar absorption peaks. This may be due to absorption peak of PMA covered the changes in PPA modification process as the low content of PPA. 0.8% dosage of PPA may be considered optimum for composite modified binder combining the above experimental results for this binder source.
Novel cancer therapies for advanced cutaneous melanoma: The added value of radiomics in the decision making process–A systematic review
Authors: Guerrisi Antonino , Loi Emiliano , Ungania Sara , Russillo Michelangelo , Bruzzaniti Vicente , Elia Fulvia , Desiderio Flora , Marconi Raffaella , Solivetti Francesco Maria , Strigari Lidia
Published: January 2020

Advanced malignant melanoma represents a public health matter due to its rising incidence and aggressiveness. Novel therapies such as immunotherapy are showing promising results with improved progression free and overall survival in melanoma patients. However, novel targeted and immunotherapies could generate atypical patterns of response which are nowadays a big challenge since imaging criteria (ie Recist 1.1) have not been proven to be always reliable to assess response. Radiomics and in particular texture analysis (TA) represent new quantitative methodologies which could reduce the impact of these limitations providing most robust data in support of clinical decision process. The aim of this paper was to review the state of the art of radiomics/TA when it is applied to the imaging of metastatic melanoma patients.
Mechanism of Diol Dehydration by a Promiscuous Radical‐SAM Enzyme Homologue of the Antiviral Enzyme Viperin (RSAD2)
Authors: Honarmand Ebrahimi Kourosh , Rowbotham Jack S. , McCullagh James , James William S.
Published: January 2020

3′‐Deoxynucleotides are an important class of drugs because they interfere with the metabolism of nucleotides, and their incorporation into DNA or RNA terminates cell division and viral replication. These compounds are generally produced by multi‐step chemical synthesis, and an enzyme with the ability to catalyse the removal of the 3′‐deoxy group from different nucleotides has yet to be described. Here, using a combination of HPLC, HRMS and NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that a thermostable fungal radical S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme, with similarity to the vertebrate antiviral enzyme viperin (RSAD2), can catalyse the transformation of CTP, UTP and 5‐bromo‐UTP to their 3′‐deoxy‐3′,4′‐didehydro (ddh) analogues. We show that, unlike the fungal enzyme, human viperin only catalyses the transformation of CTP to ddhCTP. Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular docking and dynamics simulations in combination with mutagenesis studies, we provide insight into the origin of the unprecedented substrate promiscuity of the enzyme and the mechanism of dehydration of a nucleotide. Our findings highlight the evolution of substrate specificity in a member of the radical‐SAM enzymes. We predict that our work will help in using a new class of the radical‐SAM enzymes for the biocatalytic synthesis of 3′‐deoxy nucleotide/nucleoside analogues.
Design and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Three‐Phase Decanter Centrifuge for Oil‐Water‐Solid Separation
Authors: Zhu Mingjun , Hu Dapeng , Xu Yunfei , Zhao Shibo
Published: January 2020

The separation of oil, water, and sand has always been a significant problem in the treatment of oily sludge in oil field and petroleum refinery. The flow field and separation performance in a new three‐phase decanter centrifuge with vertical boards and annular liquid separation plate for oil‐water‐solids separation were investigated, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Fluent with Euler‐Euler three‐phase flow model, which provides a basis for the improvement and optimization of the centrifuge. After calculation, the velocity and pressure field were analyzed. The increase of solids content of the feed affected the separation efficiency regularly, and high or low treatment capacity also had a certain impact on the separation efficiency.
A Cornucopia of Iridium Nitrogen Compounds Produced from Laser‐Ablated Iridium Atoms and Dinitrogen
Authors: Stüker Tony , Beckers Helmut , Riedel Sebastian
Published: January 2020

The reaction of laser‐ablated iridium atoms with dinitrogen molecules and nitrogen atoms yield several neutral and ionic iridium dinitrogen complexes such as Ir(N2), Ir(N2)+, Ir(N2)2, Ir(N2)2−, IrNNIr, as well as the nitrido complexes IrN, Ir(N)2 and IrIrN. These reaction products were deposited in solid neon, argon and nitrogen matrices and characterized by their infrared spectra. Assignments of vibrational bands are supported by ab initio and first principle calculations as well as 14/15N isotope substitution experiments. The structural and electronic properties of the new dinitrogen and nitrido iridium complexes are discussed. While the formation of the elusive dinitrido complex Ir(N)2 was observed in a subsequent reaction of IrN with N atoms within the cryogenic solid matrices, the threefold coordinated iridium trinitride Ir(N)3 could not be observed so far.
Multilayered 2D Cesium‐Based Hybrid Perovskite with Strong Polarization Sensitivity: Dimensional Reduction of CsPbBr3
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Jiaqi , Han Shiguo , Liu Xitao , Li Maofan , Xu Zhiyun , Guo Wuqian , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: January 2020

3D perovskite CsPbBr3 has recently taken a blooming position for optoelectronic applications. However, due to the lack of natural anisotropy of optical attributes, it is a great challenge to fulfil polarization‐sensitive photodetection. Here, for the first time, we exploited dimensionality reduction of CsPbBr3 to tailor a 2D‐multilayered hybrid perovskite, (TRA)2CsPb2Br7 (1, in which TRA is (carboxy)cyclohexylmethylammonium), serving as a potential polarized‐light detecting candidate. Its unique quantum‐confined 2D structure results in intrinsic anisotropy of electrical conductivity, optical absorbance, and polarization‐dependent responses. Particularly, it exhibits remarkable dichroism with the photocurrent ratio (Ipc/Ipa) of ≈2.1, being much higher than that of the isotropic CsPbBr3 crystal and reported CH3NH3PbI3 nanowire (≈1.3), which reveals its great potentials for polarization‐sensitive photodetection. Further, crystal‐based detectors of 1 show fascinating responses to the polarized light, including high detectivity (>1010 Jones), fast responding time (≈300 μs), and sizeable on/off current ratios (>104). To our best knowledge, this is the first study on 2D Cs‐based hybrid perovskite exhibiting strong polarization‐sensitivity. The work highlights an effective pathway to explore new polarization sensitive candidates for hybrid perovskites and promotes their future electronic applications.
Use of Dithiasuccinoyl‐Caged Amines Enables COS/H2S Release Lacking Electrophilic Byproducts
Authors: Cerda Matthew M. , Mancuso Jenna L. , Mullen Emma J. , Hendon Christopher H. , Pluth Michael D.
Published: January 2020

The enzymatic conversion of carbonyl sulfide (COS) to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by carbonic anhydrase has been used to develop self‐immolating thiocarbamates as COS‐based H2S donors to further elucidate the impact of reactive sulfur species in biology. The high modularity of this approach has provided a library of COS‐based H2S donors that can be activated by specific stimuli. A common limitation, however, is that many such donors result in the formation of an electrophilic quinone methide byproduct during donor activation. As a mild alternative, we demonstrate here that dithiasuccinoyl groups can function as COS/H2S donor motifs, and that these groups release two equivalents of COS/H2S and uncage an amine payload under physiologically relevant conditions. Additionally, we demonstrate that COS/H2S release from this donor motif can be altered by electronic modulation and alkyl substitution. These insights are further supported by DFT investigations, which reveal that aryl and alkyl thiocarbamates release COS with significantly different activation energies.
A Promising Fluorooxoborate Framework with Flexibile Capability for Diverse Cations to Enhance the Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Cheng Shichao , Mutailipu Miriding , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: January 2020

Fluorooxoborates as potential deep ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have exhibited diverse structures and NLO properties with metal cationic changes. Herein, the general mechanisms of metal cations on band gaps and optical properties in a series of typical fluorooxoborates have been clarified. It reveals that the framework of the emblematic 18‐membered ring oxyfluorides has the flexibility of being able to contain different cations spanning from alkali to d10 metals by investigating the stability of the artificial CdB5O7F3 structure. Besides, introducing d10 metal cations can enhance the second harmonic generation (3.1×KH2PO4 (KDP), d36=0.39 pm V−1) and also keep a DUV spectral transparency (Eg>6.2 eV). Thus, the d10‐containing fluorooxoborate exhibits a great potential to be a new DUV optical material for nonlinear light‐matter interactions.
Dual Emission from Precious Metal‐Free Luminophores Consisting of C, H, O, Si, and S/P at Room Temperature
Authors: Shimizu Masaki , Nagano Sho , Kinoshita Takumi
Published: January 2020

Fluorescence–phosphorescence dual‐emissive compounds are valuable tools for ratiometric luminescence sensing. Herein, it is reported that 2,5‐bis(phenylsulfonyl)‐ and 2,5‐bis[bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)phosphinyl]‐1,4‐disiloxybenzenes exhibit dual emission with emission peaks that were easily identified without performing time‐gated measurement. The disiloxybenzenes in powder simultaneously fluoresced and phosphoresced at 358–374 and 457–470 nm, respectively, under vacuum. The intensity ratios of the phosphorescence/fluorescence maxima of the disiloxybenzenes in powder and in a thin film of poly(methyl methacrylate) were sensitive to temperature and molecular oxygen, respectively. The plots of the relative intensity versus temperature or partial pressure of molecular oxygen were well fitted with calibration curves defined by an exponential approximation with excellent correlation coefficients R2 (0.9708–0.9921), demonstrating the high potential of the disiloxybenzenes as precious metal‐free probes applicable to ratiometric luminescence sensing.
Tandem Acid/Pd‐Catalyzed Reductive Rearrangement of Glycol Derivatives
Authors: Schmidt Tanno A. , Ciszek Benjamin , Kathe Prasad , Fleischer Ivana
Published: January 2020

Herein, we describe the acid/Pd‐tandem‐catalyzed transformation of glycol derivatives into terminal formic esters. Mechanistic investigations show that the substrate undergoes rearrangement to an aldehyde under [1,2] hydrogen migration and cleavage of an oxygen‐based leaving group. The leaving group is trapped as its formic ester, and the aldehyde is reduced and subsequently esterified to a formate. Whereas the rearrangement to the aldehyde is catalyzed by sulfonic acids, the reduction step requires a unique catalyst system comprising a PdII or Pd0 precursor in loadings as low as 0.75 mol % and α,α′‐bis(di‐tert‐butylphosphino)‐o‐xylene as ligand. The reduction step makes use of formic acid as an easy‐to‐handle transfer reductant. The substrate scope of the transformation encompasses both aromatic and aliphatic substrates and a variety of leaving groups.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed ortho‐Bromination of O‐Phenyl Carbamates Accelerated by a Secondary Amide‐Pendant Cyclopentadienyl Ligand
Authors: Tanaka Jin , Shibata Yu , Joseph Anton , Nogami Juntaro , Terasawa Jyunichi , Yoshimura Ryo , Tanaka Ken
Published: January 2020

It has been established that a newly developed cyclopentadienyl rhodium(III) [CpARhIII] complex, bearing an acidic secondary amide moiety on the Cp ring, is able to catalyze the ortho‐bromination of O‐phenyl carbamates with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) at room temperature. The presence of the acidic secondary amide moiety on the CpA ligand accelerates the bromination by the hydrogen bond between the acidic NH group of the CpA ligand and the carbonyl group of NBS.
Cyclohexene Promoted Efficient Biomimetic Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Manganese Porphyrin under Mild Conditions
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Hui , Yu Hai‐Yang , Xue Can , Zhou Xian‐Tai , Ji Hong‐Bing
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

Selective oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds is one of the most important processes both in academic and application research. As a kind of biomimetic catalyst, metalloporphyrins‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of alcohols with aldehyde as hydrogen donator is gathering much attention. However, using olefins as another kind hydrogen donator for aerobic oxidation of alcohols has not been reported. In this study, a system comprising managenese porphyrin and cyclohexene for biomimetic aerobic oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds was developed. The catalytic system exhibited excellent catalytic performance and selectivity towards the corresponding products for most primary and secondary alcohols under mild conditions. Based on the results obtained from experiments as well as in situ EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) and UV‐vis spectroscopy, the role of cyclohexene was demonstrated.
Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of a Single Oral Dose of Pyrimethamine in Healthy Male Subjects of Japanese and European Ancestry
Authors: Iida Takayuki , Nand Romina A. , Ino Hiroko , Ogura Hirofumi , Itoh Hiroshi , Igarashi Harue , Numachi Yotaro , Gross Annette S.
Published: January 2020

The pharmacokinetics of pyrimethamine have been evaluated in various populations but have not been reported in subjects of Japanese ancestry following administration as a single‐agent tablet. Furthermore, although pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics after a single dose of the single‐agent tablet studied in Western countries have been reported, these studies are old, and the ancestry of the subjects was not specified. Consequently, this study investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single oral 50‐mg dose of pyrimethamine in healthy male subjects of Japanese and European ancestry. Seven subjects of each ancestry group were administered pyrimethamine, along with calcium folinate. After absorption, pyrimethamine was eliminated, with a mean half‐life of 122.8 hours in Japanese subjects and 99.5 hours in European subjects. The mean Cmax and AUC0‐t were 433.8 ng/mL and 59.63 µg·h/mL in Japanese subjects and 372.7 ng/mL and 42.83 µg·h/mL in European subjects. No safety concerns were reported during the study. Although pyrimethamine exposure was slightly higher in subjects of Japanese than of European ancestry, a considerable overlap in the range of parameter values was observed. Considering the range of pyrimethamine exposure reported previously, difference in exposure observed in this study would not be considered of note.
Response‐Surface‐Optimized and Scaled‐Up Microbial Electrosynthesis of Chiral Alcohols
Authors: Mayr Jeannine C. , Rosa Luis F. M. , Klinger Natalia , Grosch Jan‐Hendrik , Harnisch Falk , Spiess Antje C.
Published: January 2020

A variety of enzymes can be easily incorporated and overexpressed within Escherichia coli cells by plasmids, making it an ideal chassis for bioelectrosynthesis. It has recently been demonstrated that microbial electrosynthesis (MES) of chiral alcohols is possible by using genetically modified E. coli with plasmid‐incorporated and overexpressed enzymes and methyl viologen as mediator for electron transfer. This model system, using NADPH‐dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis to convert acetophenone into (R)‐1‐phenylethanol, is assessed by using a design of experiment (DoE) approach. Process optimization is achieved with a 2.4‐fold increased yield of 94±7 %, a 3.9‐fold increased reaction rate of 324±67 μm h−1, and a coulombic efficiency of up to 68±7 %, while maintaining an excellent enantioselectivity of >99 %. Subsequent scale‐up to 1 L by using electrobioreactors under batch and fed‐batch conditions increases the titer of (R)‐1‐phenylethanol to 12.8±2.0 mm and paves the way to further develop E. coli into a universal chassis for MES in a standard biotechnological process environment.