bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Littlehaven promenade and seawall, South Shields, UK
Authors: Cooper Nick , Wilson Simon , Hanson Tony , West David , Goodall Mike
Published: August 2015

The Littlehaven promenade and seawall scheme has transformed a stretch of South Shields' seafront in north-east England from a neglected length of coastline into a desirable visitor destination. The project involved the demolition of a failing seawall, on-site reuse of excavated material in raising levels and landscaping of backing land areas, and construction of a 500 m promenade and seawall along a new, landward and more sustainable, curved alignment. High quality concrete finishes, bespoke public art and breathtaking streetscape were used to ensure this striking scheme captured the public imagination and revitalised the seafront. This paper focuses on aspects of this multiple award-winning scheme that recognise: its technical engineering excellence and ingenuity; its sustainability merits and environmental considerations; the benefits that have been created for the local community; special features of distinction; and the approach to health and safety management during design and construction. The scheme illustrates how a positive and collaborative approach can be created between parties through a shared vision for enhancement of a coastal frontage, and how such enhancement can be delivered through attention to detail in designing and constructing the works.
Los derechos humanos de las víctimas en el marco de la justicia transicional en Colombia
Authors: Carrillo-Ballesteros José Guillermo
Published: August 2015

El prolongado conflicto armado interno que aqueja a Colombia reviste características propias, las cuales hacen de su fin un proceso complejo. Situaciones tales como masacres, desplazamientos forzados, homicidios, violencia sexual, desapariciones forzadas, ejecuciones extrajudiciales y torturas, así como la multiplicidad de actores, la impunidad en los procesos penales, la ineficacia del aparato estatal y la falta de garantías de protección para las víctimas han originado en repetidas ocasiones fuertes condenas ante el Sistema Interamericano. Esto ha motivado al Estado colombiano a implementar un marco normativo con herramientas eficaces de justicia transicional, con el fin de hacer frente a estas graves violaciones de los derechos humanos. De esta forma, el gobierno entendió que esta transición sólo se logra a través de la construcción de un marco jurídico sólido, en el que todas las partes del conflicto resulten beneficiadas, sin olvidar, claro está, en quienes se ven materializados los efectos de este difícil proceso: las víctimas.
El alcance del derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad en manuales de convivencia de establecimientos educativos
Authors: Rojas-Castillo Zaida Maritza , Acevedo-Suárez Aurymayerly
Published: August 2015

El derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad nace en la Declaración Universal de los derechos humanos y es consagrado en Colombia a través de la Constitución Nacional en su Artículo 16, como un derecho fundamental que irradia a otros derechos por la fuerza de su contenido. Además, ha sido elevado a la categoría de principio por la Corte Constitucional a partir de este argumento. Dada la importancia de este precedente, este artículo se orientó a revisar de manera aleatoria algunos manuales de convivencia del municipio de Piedecuesta (Santander), analizando las disposiciones que se encuentran en contravía de la Constitución. Se encontraron normas como la prohibición de realizar manifestaciones amorosas, a portar adornos, maquillaje, corte de cabello largo, práctica de homosexualismo, lesbianismo o inducción a estos, la unión de hecho, entre otras, que violan el derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad y otros derechos fundamentales como la elección de su identidad sexual. La Corte Constitucional ha reiterado que los reglamentos estudiantiles o manuales de convivencia deben estar en el marco de la Constitución Nacional y los tratados internacionales, para velar por el respeto de los derechos humanos. En su defecto, estas disposiciones deben modificarse y ajustarse a los principios constitucionales. Es aquí donde juega un papel importante la acción de tutela, como mecanismo de protección constitucional que permite salvaguardar el derecho al libre desarrollo de la personalidad y, si es necesario y así se requiere, se faculta al juez de tutela ordenar la modificación al manual de convivencia
Rethinking Progress. On the Origin of the Modern Sustainability Discourse, 1970–2000
Authors: Seefried Elke
Published: August 2015

Rethinking Progress. On the Origin of the Modern Sustainability Discourse, 1970-2000

Sustainability has become a key concept in the national and international policy discourse, and nonetheless it has not been clearly defined. This article argues that it is precisely the vagueness of the concept that has made it so attractive for politics. Focusing on the international politics arena and the West German case, the article shows that dominating political notions of development and progress were partly reconceptualised in order to incorporate long-term ecological and social issues around 1970. Against this backdrop, from the late 1980s onwards, «sustainable development» and «sustainability» became political concepts for the future which, explicitly vague, appeared to balance economic, ecological and social goals in both short-term and long-term perspectives. The notions of sustainable development and sustainability oscillated between crisis perceptions, steady-state thinking and a new semantics of modernisation from the 1970s to 2000. In this light, it is argued that there is no «end of confidence» but rather that understandings of progress have been reconfigured.
Comparative characteristics of Coordination fitness and power of middle class
Authors: Іващенко О. В. , Шепеленко Г. П.
Published: August 2015

Purpose — to determine the sex of functional and motor fitness of students in the eighth and ninth grades.Materials and methods. In the study involved 16 girls and 14 boys grade 8, 17 and 14 girls boys 9 classes.Research results. Statistically significant differences between boys and girls 8 classes observed in tests № 10-14, describing the actual force preparedness (p <0.001). According to the results of other motor tests differences between mean values are statistically unreliable (p> 0,05).Statistically significant differences between boys and girls 9 classes observed in tests № 9-12, 14, describing the coordination and the actual force preparedness (p <0.001). According to the results of other motor tests differences between mean values are statistically unreliable (p> 0,05).Conclusions. Standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients can determine the value of the deposit outcome variables in function and demonstrates the possibility of sexual vidminostey grading students based on testing coordination and force readiness boys and girls.
Comparative characteristics of functional coordination and force readiness boys 8—9 grades
Authors: Іващенко О. В. , Пашкевич С. А. , Крінін Ю. В.
Published: August 2015

Purpose — to determine the characteristics of functional and motor fitness guys eighth and ninth grades.Material and methods. To achieve the objectives following methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, teacher testing and statistical methods of processing the results of the study. The study involved 17 boys 8th grade, 17 children in grade 9.Conclusions. The guys 8—9 classes standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients enable us to determine the relative contributions of the variables in the function result. Most contribution to the canonical function are changeable 1, 5 and 2: the larger the values of these variables, the greater the value of the function. The above indicates the possibility of evaluating the functional readiness of pupils of 8—9 classes with the help of samples Stange, Genchi and Serkin.The guys 8—9 classes standardized canonical discriminant function coefficients, which allow us to determine the relative contributions of the variables in the function result. Most contribution to the canonical function variables are 8, 7 and 9: the higher the values of these variables, the greater the value of the function. The above indicates the possibility of assessment of motor readiness of pupils of 8—9 classes by means of tests 8, 7 and 9. The boys grades 8—9 structural factors canonical discriminant function show that the most significant feature is associated with 8 and 9 variables: the more attention is paid to the static speed and power, the greater the likelihood improve motor fitness children grades 8—9.
Methods for liver resection
Authors: Akhmetzyanov F Sh , Idrisov M N
Published: August 2015

The paper presents the development of liver resection methods; it is a brief description of the evolution of improvement and implementation of many scientists’, researchers’ and practical doctors’ ideas, mainly aimed at preventing severe complications, the most common and important of which are bleeding and bile leakage, leading to a series of irreversible consequences and patients death. All described methods originate from each, from simple to complex - from elementary crushing of the liver tissue with two fingers and ligation of tubular structures to compression clips and cryo-scalpel. In the XX century, due to developments in medical technologies and medical physics new contemporary methods of microwave coagulation, using plasma surgical units and radiofrequency generators appeared. Hemo- and cholestasis effects of each method have its own advantages and disadvantages, which are reflected in the presented review. So far, the choice of liver resection method, excluding the most complications of intra- and postoperative periods is a matter of the sole initiative of each hepatic surgeon. The problem of preventing the most frequent complications is related to the surgery method and requires further studies and improvements. The survey does not reflect our own technique developed for liver resection used for 10 years, which is presented for a patent registration and further publication with detailed description of this technique and the results of operations, both immediate and long term.
Features of Kawasaki disease in early childhood
Authors: Lukushkina E F , Meshcheryakova V V , Afraymovich M G , Konopleva T V , Kostareva T Yu , Yaskovets A A , Azovtseva I A , Katmarchiev A R
Published: August 2015

Kawasaki disease causes diagnostic difficulties due to insufficient knowledge of doctors, and therefore often goes under the «disguise» of other diseases and therefore is under-recognized in Russia so far. Laboratory tests reveal leukocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hypochromic anemia and thrombocytosis, accompanied by hypercoagulation. Late diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease increase the risk for thrombosis and coronary arteries aneurysms, myocardial infarction at a young age, death. The results of the original research targeted to analyze the clinical course and outcomes of Kawasaki disease in 15 infants treated at the department of children under one year of age of the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Pediatric Clinical Hospital during the last 6 years, are presented. The cardiovascular conditions included pericarditis in 4 patients, coronary arteritis in 2 patients, coronary arteritis with dilation of the coronary arteries entrance and thickening of the walls - in 4, myocarditis - in 1 patient, 1 patient had no signs of cardiovascular involvement. All patients without coronary artery aneurysms were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (1-2 g/kg per course), acetylsalicylic acid (80-100 mg/kg daily) up to fever reduction, followed by 3-5 mg/kg per day up to the normal values of acute inflammation markers and platelet counts, and aggregation inhibitors. In 2 patients, Kawasaki disease led to death, thus in both cases the diagnosis and, consequently, treatment initiation were late. Early diagnosis and rational treatment of Kawasaki disease (high doses of intravenous immunoglobulin in combination with acetylsalicylic acid) is the key to a favorable outcome. Fever of unknown origin, which lasts 7 days or more in a child of an early age, is an absolute indication for echocardiography with mandatory visualization of the coronary arteries. Tactics of following up patients, who underwent Kawasaki disease, is determined by the degree of coronary lesions and the risk of myocardial ischemia.
olhar sobre a obra de Milton Santos
Authors: Sepúlveda David Alejandro
Published: August 2015

Antônio C. R Moraes. Território na Geografia de Milton Santos. São Paulo: Annablume, 2013.130 p. ISBN: 798-85-391-0526-7
Teaching Nurses About Research
Authors: Pilcher Jobeth
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to provide educators with teaching and learning strategies aimed at engaging participants in learning more about research and related topics, such as quality improvement and evidence-based practice. This article includes various creative strategies.
Just-in-Time Training: A Novel Approach to Quality Improvement Education
Authors: Knutson Allison , Park Nesha D. , Smith Denise , Tracy Kelly , Reed Danielle J.W. , Olsen Steven L.
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Just-in-time training (JITT) is accepted in medical education as a training method for newer concepts or seldom-performed procedures. Providing JITT to a large nursing staff may be an effective method to teach quality improvement (QI) initiatives. We sought to determine if JITT could increase knowledge of a specific nutrition QI initiative.

Members of the nutrition QI team interviewed staff using the Frontline Contextual Inquiry to assess knowledge regarding the specific QI project. The inquiry was completed pre- and post-JITT. A JITT educational cart was created, which allowed trainers to bring the educational information to the bedside for a short, small group educational session.

The results demonstrated a marked improvement in the knowledge of the frontline staff regarding our Vermont Oxford Network involvement and the specifics of the nutrition QI project.

Just-in-time training can be a valuable and effective method to disseminate QI principles to a large audience of staff members.
Neonatal Pressure Ulcer Prevention
Authors: Scheans Patricia
Published: August 2015

Abstract

The incidence of pressure ulcers in acutely ill infants and children ranges up to 27 percent in intensive care units, with a range of 16–19 percent in NICUs. Anatomic, physiologic, and developmental factors place ill and preterm newborns at risk for skin breakdown. Two case studies illustrate these factors, and best practices for pressure ulcer prevention are described.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the NICU
Authors: Prine Kelli Beckvermit , Goracke Kimberly , Rubarth Lori Baas
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was developed for adults but has been used in neonates as a life-saving rescue therapy for infants with respiratory failure and/or cardiac collapse as a result of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, meconium aspiration syndrome, persistent pulmonary hypertension, or systemic sepsis. ECMO has been proven to increase the survival rate for these diseases. This article provides an overview of neonatal ECMO: the history and development of neonatal ECMO, patient selection criteria, clinical management, the ECMO circuit, weaning from ECMO, and possible complications of ECMO.
An Innovative Strategy to Improve Family–Infant Bonding
Authors: Hutcheson Jamie L.
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

To improve family–infant bonding while newborns were separated from their parents, work began to develop a new Childbirth Center policy to guide staff in using Apple’s FaceTime application with patients. Multidisciplinary meetings were held to obtain consent for the use of FaceTime and to protect patient information. We acquired two iPads and the support needed for updates. The staff was educated, and implementation began in January, 2014.

This program improved bonding as evidenced by feedback received from the parents who utilized it. Several parents commented on how much they preferred seeing images of their babies in motion breathing and crying instead of just still pictures. Physicians also used FaceTime while talking with parents about plans of care. Since our implementation, we have utilized FaceTime with 46 infants to impact bonding in our Special Care Nursery. This process enhances the delivery of relationship-based care with our patients.
Building a Health Care Legal Partnership Learning Collaborative
Authors: Weber Eileen , Polkey Bryan
Published: August 2015

Many Americans need both health care and legal interventions to maximize their opportunities for health. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs), also known as health care legal partnerships (HLPs), bring the power of law to health care to reduce barriers and negative social determinants of health. The two terms— HLP and MLP—are used interchangeably in this article. Growing research shows that these partnerships can improve care, improve health, enhance interprofessional collaboration, and improve the financial status of patients and providers. HLPs take many forms, depending on their settings and resources. A health care legal partnership learning collaborative that brings leaders of diverse HLPs together to share experiences and best practices can help expand this effective model and enhance its potential for collective impact in improving population health.
Enhancing Nurse-Resident Physician Partnerships
Authors: Benike Linnea A. , Clark Jeannie E.
Published: August 2015

Literature has long suggested that collaboration and interprofessional communication are associated with improved provider satisfaction, patient satisfaction, and the provision of individualized care. More recent literature has documented the favorable influence of a collaborative culture on patient outcomes. In response to the growing need for enhanced nurse–physician partnership and recognition of its impact on the patient experience, nurses are designing unit-based programs to bring the two professions together for opportunities to enhance partnership. This article discusses two approaches to enhancing nurse–resident physician partnership introduced by Benike and Clark (2013) and identifies common elements that were critical to the programs ‘success.
Knowing Your Preference: The Nexus of Personality and Leadership
Authors: Waite Roberta , McKinney Nicole
Published: August 2015

Prelicensure nursing students must be prepared to address the new challenges that will confront them in the modern health care environment. Leadership development, the gaining of tools and education about the process of influencing and persuading others, is important when working with groups and teams in the work place. Recognition of one's personality preferences using self-assessment is a critical dimension of leadership development. This study examined the personality preferences of a cohort of prelicensure nursing students (A/ = 14) enrolled in an 18-month leadership program. Students completed the Myers-Briggs assessment before starting and at the completion of the program. Through active student-centered learning and experiential exercises, students became more aware of how they preferred to relate to others and how this might affect their work in groups and leading interprofessional teams. The most prominent personality type for both pre- and postassessment was extroversion, sensing, thinking, and judging.
Partnerships with Aviation: Promoting a Culture of Safety in Health Care
Authors: Skinner Lori , Tripp Terrance R. , Scouler David , Pechacek Judith M.
Published: August 2015

According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 1999, p. 1), “Medical errors can be defined as the failure of a planned action to be completed as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim.” The current health care culture is disjointed, as evidenced by a lack of consistent reporting standards for all providers; provider licensing pays little attention to errors, and there are no financial incentives to improve safety (IOM, 1999). Many errors in health care are preventable. “Near misses” and adverse events that do occur can offer insight on how to improve practice and prevent future events. The aim of this article is to better understand underreporting of errors in health care, to present a model of change that increases voluntary error reporting, and to discuss the role nurse executives play in creating a culture of safety. This article explores how high reliability organizations such as aviation improve safety through enhanced error reporting, culture change, and teamwork.
Conversations Change People and People Change the World
Authors: Orstad Heidi
Published: August 2015

Nursing salons are casual gatherings where nurses from all walks of life and areas of practice engage in thoughtful conversations about the nursing profession.
Comparison of Azithromycin and Amoxicillin Before Dental Implant Placement: An Exploratory Study of Bioavailability and Resolution of Postoperative Inflammation
Authors: Escalante Mariana Gil , Eubank Tim D. , Leblebicioglu Binnaz , Walters John D.
Published: August 2015

Background: Studies suggest that a single prophylactic dose of amoxicillin reduces early implant complications, but it is unclear whether other antibiotics are also effective. This study compared the local antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effects resulting from a single dose of azithromycin or amoxicillin before surgical placement of one‐stage dental implants.

Methods: Healthy adult patients requiring one‐stage dental implant placement were allocated randomly to receive either 2 g amoxicillin (n = 7) or 500 mg azithromycin (n = 6) before surgery. Peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples from the new implant and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from adjacent teeth were sampled on postoperative days 6, 13, and 20. Inflammatory mediators in the samples were analyzed by immunoassay, and antibiotic levels were measured by bioassay.

Results: On day 6, azithromycin concentrations in GCF and PICF were 3.39 ± 0.73 and 2.77 ± 0.90 μg/mL, respectively, whereas amoxicillin was below the limit of detection. During early healing, patents in the azithromycin group exhibited a significantly greater decrease in GCF volume (P = 0.03, analysis of variance). At specific times during healing, the azithromycin group exhibited significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 in GCF than the amoxicillin group and exhibited significantly lower levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor, IL‐8, macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β, and interferon‐gamma‐inducible protein‐10 in PICF.

Conclusions: Azithromycin was available at the surgical site for a longer period of time than amoxicillin, and patients taking azithromycin exhibited lower levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in GCF and PICF. Thus, preoperative azithromycin may enhance resolution of postoperative inflammation to a greater extent than amoxicillin.
The Influence of Chemical EOR on Produced Water Separation and Quality
Authors: Kaiser Anton , White Alan , Lukman Andi , I Istiyarso , Gernand Martin , ShamsiJazeyi Hadi , Wylde Jonathan , Alvarez Lourdes
Published: August 2015

The use of alkaline surfactant polymer flooding techniques is becoming more commonplace, particularly in projects where heavier and more viscous crude oil is produced. While the efficacy of increasing recovery factors cannot be disputed, often there is little consideration given to the implications of these EOR chemicals breaking through into producer wells and entering the produced water handling system. The impact caused by EOR chemical breakthrough can be varied, but most commonly the efficacy of oil/water separation is seriously affected. The contribution that EOR chemicals can have on reservoir souring is often underestimated, as is the effect they can have upon standard production chemicals such as scale and corrosion inhibitors. The following paper discusses the oil in water and water in oil emulsion issues during an alkaline surfactant polymer flooding pilot in Asia.
Insecticide Applications have Minor Effects on Switchgrass Biomass Yield
Authors: Gratton Claudio , Casler Michael , Groves Russell , Kim Tania N.
Published: August 2015

Large‐scale production of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a bioenergy crop will depend on producing abundant yields without significant loss to insects. Despite the fact that crop losses to insect pests are observed in virtually every crop grown, we know little of how insects affect switchgrass biomass yield. We performed two multi‐year experiments in South‐Central Wisconsin where we measured Hiawatha switchgrass biomass responses to insecticides targeting aboveground and belowground insects. Experiment 1 was repeated for 3 yr in one location and Exp. 2 was repeated for 2 yr at a separate location. In Exp. 2, we also manipulated N levels to increase crop yields and potentially offset biomass loss by herbivores. We expect similar management practices to be used by farmers to reduce insect populations and increase crop yields as biomass crops become widely adopted. In the first year of Exp. 1, we found approximately 6.8% increase in yield in insecticide‐treated switchgrass but the effect was not significant in subsequent years, likely due to increased variance in crop yields across plots. In Exp. 2, N application resulted in a doubling of switchgrass yield (4.65 Mg ha−1 compared to 9.18 Mg ha−1 in unfertilized vs. fertilized plots, respectively), but insecticide treatments had no effect in both years. We conclude that if insect herbivory on switchgrass is occurring aboveground or belowground, this negative impact is small relative to other sources of variation in yield and it will not likely be a source of management concern for growers in the near term.
Natural resources management in South Australia – regional and collaborative approaches
Authors: Mitchell Bruce , Bellette Kathryn , Richardson Stacey
Published: August 2015

Experiences with three approaches intended to achieve increasing levels of regional and collaborative engagement – Ministerial water advisory committees, Catchment Water Management Boards and Natural Resources Management Boards – are examined over the period from the 1970s to early 2014. Attention focuses on two tensions: (1) whether to have a system-wide or regional focus and (2) whether to pursue extensive consultation and seek consensus, or have government agencies limit consultation and take decisions in a timely manner, knowing that winners and losers will emerge. Supporting legislation, policies, plans and programmes were reviewed, and interviews were completed with 88 individuals. Support generally exists for regional and collaborative approaches, but with recognition of a need to balance strengths and limitations for whatever choice is made.
Implications of water policy reforms for virtual water trade between South Africa and its trade partners: economy-wide approach
Authors: Hassan Rashid , Thiam Djiby Racine
Published: August 2015

This paper employs an economy-wide framework to evaluate impacts of water and trade policy reforms in South Africa (SA) on virtual water flows. To pursue this analysis, the study derives net virtual water trade flows between SA and its partners to assess implications of recent trade agreements within the South African Development Community compared to economic cooperation with other major trading blocks (e.g. European Union, Asia, and Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC)). Recent trends in actual trade confirm model predictions that liberalization of water allocation would switch water from field crops to horticulture and promote growth in non-agricultural exports. The results suggest that it is necessary to introduce policies that enhance likely outcomes of liberalization promoting higher water use efficiency within irrigation agriculture such as increased adoption of more efficient irrigation methods (sprinkler, drip, etc.) as water becomes more expensive under wider open competition. Moreover, investment in higher water use efficiency and improved competitiveness of dryland agriculture therefore represent the sound economic options for strengthening the capacity to achieve food security objectives as the country strives to lower net water exports. Finally, careful coordination of trade and water policy reforms is another necessary challenge for SA's strive to manage a water stressed economy.
Field application of a planted fixed bed reactor (PFR) for support media and rhizosphere investigation using undisturbed samples from full-scale constructed wetlands
Authors: Barreto A. B. , Vasconcellos G. R. , von Sperling M. , Kuschk P. , Kappelmeyer U. , Vasel J. L.
Published: August 2015

This study presents a novel method for investigations on undisturbed samples from full-scale horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCW). The planted fixed bed reactor (PFR), developed at the Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research (UFZ), is a universal test unit for planted soil filters that reproduces the operational conditions of a constructed wetland (CW) system in laboratory scale. The present research proposes modifications on the PFR original configuration in order to allow its operation in field conditions. A mobile device to obtain undisturbed samples from real-scale HSSFCW was also developed. The experimental setting is presented with two possible operational configurations. The first allows the removal and replacement of undisturbed samples in the CW bed for laboratory investigations, guaranteeing sample integrity with a mobile device. The second allows the continuous operation of the PFR and undisturbed samples as a fraction of the support media, reproducing the same environmental conditions outside the real-scale system. Investigations on the hydrodynamics of the adapted PFR were carried out with saline tracer tests, validating the proposed adaptation. Six adapted PFR units were installed next to full-scale HSSFCW beds and fed with interstitial liquid pumped from two regions of planted and unplanted support media. Fourteen points were monitored along the system, covering carbon fractions, nitrogen and sulfate. The results indicate the method as a promising tool for investigations on CW support media, rhizosphere and open space for studies on CW modeling, respirometry, kinetic parameters, microbial communities, redox potential and plant influence on HSSFCW.
Factors affecting trihalomethane formation and speciation during chlorination of reclaimed water
Authors: Ma Defang , Gao Baoyu , Wang Yan , Yue Qinyan , Li Qian
Published: August 2015

A hybrid process with membrane bioreactor (MBR) and powdered activated carbon (PAC), PAC/MBR, was used for real municipal wastewater treatment and reuse. The roles of chlorine dose, contact time, pH and bromide in trihalomethane (THM) formation and speciation during chlorination of the reclaimed water were investigated. Total trihalomethane (TTHM) yield exponentially increased to maximum with increasing chlorine dose (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.98). Prolonging substrate chlorine contact time significantly promoted TTHM formation. Less than 40% of THMs formed in the first 24 h, indicating that the PAC/MBR effluent organic matters were mostly composed of slow-reacting precursors. Increasing pH and bromide concentration facilitated THM formation. Higher chlorine dose and contact time enhanced chloro-THM formation. The bromo-THM formation was favored at near neutral condition. Despite the variation of chlorine dose, contact time and pH, the yield of THM species in order was usually CHCl3 > CHBrCl2 > CHBr2Cl > CHBr3. However, THM speciation shifted from chlorinated species to brominated species with increasing bromide concentration.
Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder in the Postpartum Period: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Sharma Verinder , Sommerdyk Christina
Published: August 2015

Childbirth can trigger or exacerbate a variety of psychiatric disorders but the extant literature has focused primarily on mood disorders. Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) after childbirth can occur alone or in combination with other psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder. Due to the general lack of awareness of the relationship between childbirth and OCD among clinicians as well as patients, the disorder may be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder. This article describes the prevalence, clinical features, common psychiatric comorbidities, differential diagnosis and potential consequences of underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis. Using case vignettes strategies for its detection and clinical management are suggested. Finally, areas in need of further research are proposed.
Ulcus venosum cruris - etiopathogenesis, clinical features and surgical treatment
Authors: Maksimovic Zivan
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Treatment of venous ulcerations should be based on
etiopathogenetic characteristics. Previous biochemical, histological and
clinical investigations show that there are two types of venous ulcerations:
caused by superficial venous insufficiency (SU) and by deep venous
insufficiency or obstruction (DU). Both types include communicative
(perforate) vein incompetence. Different procedures are used to block
pathological blood reflux and they depend on the type of ulceration.
OBJECTIVE. Aim of the study was to evaluate short-term and long-term
follow-up of different surgical procedures in superficial, communicant and
deep veins that depend on the type of ulceration. METHOD. Patients with
venous ulcerations are divided into two groups: C5-6EpsAspPr (equivalent to
SU) and C5-6EpsAdpPro (equivalent to DU) according to CEAP classification. In
the first group operative treatment involved superficial and perforating
veins, and in the second group operative treatment involved deep and
perforating veins. We used ?2 test to compare the groups. RESULTS. Venous
ulcerations are more often in women (59.1%) than men (40.9%), on the average
in their late sixties. Clinical signs of venous stasis and trophic changes
are more often in DU than SU. Patients with SU were operatively treated on
superficial (136 partial or complete stripping of main veins), communicating
(25 ligatures, 22 subfascial shearing) or by combined procedures on
superficial and communicating veins (80). Patients with DU were operatively
treated by perforator?s ligature (17), subfascial perforator?s shearing (12),
superficial vein operations (4), sapheno-popliteal anastomoses (18), de Palma
bypass (13) and interposition of healthy saphena segment (1). Long-term
follow-up was registered after 5-15 (on average 3.7) years in 75 (58 SU and
17 DU) patients. Relapse of ulcerations were detected in 9 (15.5%) SU and 3
(17.6%) DU, i.e. (16.0%) of all operated patients with venous ulcers.
CONCLUSION. In patients undergoing surgery for chronic venous insufficiency
(2.274) more often present with SU (263) than DU (65). Patients with DU had
more significant trophic changes and pathological blood reflux that required
reconstructive procedures of deep veins. CEAP classification is equivalent to
etiopathogenetic types of venous ulcerations and it is appropriate for
follow-up of clinical characteristics and results of venous ulceration
treatment.
Application of recombinant activated factor VII in treatment of intracranial haemorrhage in haemophilic patient with inhibitor
Authors: Antic Darko , Elezovic Ivo , Suvajdzic Nada , Todorovic Milena , Bila Jelena , Mitrovic Marija , Andjelkovic Nebojsa
Published: August 2015

INTRODUCTION. Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is one of serious haemorrhagic
syndromes among haemophilic patients and the potential cause of death.
However, extensive use of coagulation factor concentrates can provoke the
development of antibodies, i.e. inhibitors. Recombinant activated factor VII
(rFVIIa) has been successfully used in treating haemorrhage in A or B
haemophilic patients with inhibitors. CASE OUTLINE. A 31-year old patient was
hospitalized at the local Clinical Centre to be prepared for dental surgery.
His initial level of inhibitor was two Bethesda units. His condition
deteriorated abruptly during hospitalization with signs of drowsiness and
dysphasia. The initial CT of endocranium demonstrated haemorrhagic content.
The patient received emergency treatment of 90 ?g/kg/2h rFVIIa (NovoSeven)
twice. The following day, after the first signs of ICH appeared, the patient
developed tonic-clonic seizures characterized as epilepsy, which requiring
antioedematous and anticonvulsive therapy. During the seizure, the patient
bit his tongue, which resulted in massive bleeding from the wound and
haematoma formation at the oral cavity floor. The first signs of resolution
of ICH appeared three days after the first epileptic attack, and after
following 11 days all signs completely withdrew. The patient received 29
doses of rFVIIa every 2 hours until the first signs of resolution of ICH and
until bleeding from the injured tongue stopped. In the meantime, the patient
had an episode of massive haematuria, which was successfully stopped with
three doses of rFVIIa, 4.8 mg each. The titer of inhibitors was in the range
of up to 26 units during hospitalization. The total dose of rFVIIa
administered for treating ICH, tongue lesion, and haematuria was 153.6 mg.
The patient also received 1mg/kg of prednisone for three weeks for
eradication of the inhibitors, and afterwards the dose was reduced to 0.5
mg/kg for the following month. CONCLUSION. If there is suspicion of ICH in
haemophilic patients, it is necessary to administer replacement treatment,
and if haemophilia with inhibitor is in question, as in our patient,
immediate administration of rFVIIa is necessary followed by diagnostic
procedures and the verification of ICH to determine further treatment and the
dosage of rFVIIa, with clinical monitoring using radiological imaging.
A Historical Review and Prospective Modern-Day Assessment of the Non-Itemizer Charitable Contribution Deduction
Authors: Smith Eric S.
Published: August 2015

The direct charitable contribution deduction was an experimental deduction for the 1982–1986 tax years. It represents the only example in the tax laws in which non-itemizers were allowed a charitable contribution deduction in tandem with the standard deduction. This article offers a review of three distinct eras in tax history: the advent of the standard deduction, the enactment of the direct charitable contribution deduction, and its subsequent abandonment. This article clarifies the literature to demonstrate that the direct charitable contribution's demise was not a matter of course. The deduction was made permanent by the House of Representatives. Its extension was the subject of rigorous debate in the Senate and was tabled by only a few votes.

This article also considers the prospect of a modern-day direct charitable contribution. Taken on balance, concerns of economic necessity, fiscal viability, and measurable impact on the charitable sector suggest that reinstatement is neither necessary nor a prudent tax subsidy. Modern-day data indicate that non-itemizers are already giving. The tax incentive, therefore, proffered through the non-itemizer charitable contribution deduction would likely have relatively minimal effect on the charitable sector.
Environmentally Driven Increases in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Pima Indians and Non-Pimas in Mexico Over a 15-Year Period: The Maycoba Project
Authors: Esparza-Romero Julian , Valencia Mauro E. , Urquidez-Romero Rene , Chaudhari Lisa S. , Hanson Robert L. , Knowler William C. , Ravussin Eric , Bennett Peter H. , Schulz Leslie O.
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE

The global epidemics of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been attributed to the interaction between lifestyle changes and genetic predisposition to these diseases. We compared the prevalences of type 2 diabetes and obesity in Mexican Pima Indians, presumed to have a high genetic predisposition to these diseases, to those in their non-Pima neighbors, both of whom over a 15-year period experienced a transition from a traditional to a more modern lifestyle.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and obesity in Mexican Pimas (n = 359) and non-Pima Mexicans (n = 251) were determined in 2010 using methods identical to those used in 1995.

RESULTS

During this 15-year period, age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was unchanged in Pima men (5.8% in 1995 vs. 6.1% in 2010) yet increased in non-Pima men from 0.0 to 8.6% (P < 0.05). Diabetes prevalence tended to increase in both Pima women (9.4 vs. 13.4%) and non-Pima women (4.8 vs. 9.5%). Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity increased significantly in all groups (6.6 vs. 15.7% in Pima men; 8.5 vs. 20.5% in non-Pima men; 18.9. vs 36.3% in Pima women; 29.5 vs. 42.9% in non-Pima women).

CONCLUSIONS

Type 2 diabetes prevalence increased between 1995 and 2010 in non-Pima men, and to a lesser degree in women of both groups, but it did not increase in Pima men. Prevalence of obesity increased among Pimas and non-Pimas of both sexes. These changes occurred concomitantly with an environmental transition from a traditional to a more modernized lifestyle.
Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Trial of Triple Therapy With Dapagliflozin Add-on to Saxagliptin Plus Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mathieu Chantal , Ranetti Aurelian Emil , Li Danshi , Ekholm Ella , Cook William , Hirshberg Boaz , Chen Hungta , Hansen Lars , Iqbal Nayyar
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE

To compare the efficacy and safety of treatment with dapagliflozin versus that with placebo add-on to saxagliptin plus metformin in patients whose type 2 diabetes is inadequately controlled with saxagliptin plus metformin treatment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Patients receiving treatment with stable metformin (stratum A) (screening HbA1c level 8.0–11.5% [64–102 mmol/mol]) or stable metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (stratum B) (HbA1c 7.5–10.5% [58–91 mmol/mol]) for ≥8 weeks received open-label saxagliptin 5 mg/day and metformin for 16 weeks (stratum A) or 8 weeks (stratum B) (saxagliptin replaced any DPP-4 inhibitor). Patients with inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c 7–10.5% [53–91 mmol/mol]) were randomized to receive placebo or dapagliflozin 10 mg/day plus saxagliptin and metformin. The primary end point was the change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24. Secondary end points included fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, 2-h postprandial glucose (PPG) level, body weight, and proportion of patients achieving an HbA1c level of <7% (53 mmol/mol).

RESULTS

Treatment with dapagliflozin add-on to saxagliptin plus metformin resulted in a greater mean HbA1c reduction than placebo (−0.82 vs. −0.10% [−9 vs. −1.1 mmol/mol], P < 0.0001). Significantly greater reductions in FPG level, 2-h PPG level, and body weight were observed, and more patients achieved an HbA1c level of <7% (53 mmol/mol) with treatment with dapagliflozin versus placebo. Adverse events were similar across treatment groups, with a low overall risk of hypoglycemia (∼1%). Genital infections developed in more patients with dapagliflozin treatment (5%) than with placebo (0.6%).

CONCLUSIONS

Triple therapy with dapagliflozin add-on to saxagliptin plus metformin improves glycemic control and is well tolerated in patients whose type 2 diabetes is inadequately controlled with saxagliptin plus metformin therapy.
Forests and forestry in Poland and other EU countries
Authors: Zając Stanisław , Kaliszewski Adam , Młynarski Wojciech
Published: August 2015

The paper provides general information about forests and forestry in Poland against a background of other EU Member States. Based on the data published in various international sources of statistical data it presents the information of forest resources, forest health condition, protection of forests, occurrence of forest fires, employment in forestry and related sectors, as well as selected aspects of production and trade of wood and wood products and also generation and use of renewable energy. The paper concludes that Poland is characterized by vast forest and timber resources, however in view of a large area of the country and large population share of forest lands in the total area of the country and the average forest area per inhabitant are low. The high share of protected areas makes Poland one of the leaders in forest protection, however Polish forests are very vulnerable to fires. Poland is a significant producer of wood-based panels, sawnwood and pulpwood, as well as paper and cardboard.
Organisational consciousness in public safety management system
Authors: Kożuch Barbara , Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek Katarzyna
Published: August 2015

Organisational consciousness is one of the primary determinants driving organisational development. It is the organisation’s capacity for assessment of its operation level, quest for uniformity and organisational identity. This consciousness revolves around objectives of actions and integrates collective efforts, thereby determining collaboration. Therefore, it performs a vital role in the public safety management system (PSMS), where efficiency of operations may be achieved only as a result of joint actions. In essence, this was an imperative to carry out research aimed at analysing the significance of organisational consciousness in the public safety management system. During enquiries the authors gave insight into the concepts of organisational consciousness and organisational development as well as characterizing the PSMS in the context of organisational consciousness.

Bearing in mind a comprehensive and adaptive approach to each analysed situation in an individual manner the relevance of organisational consciousness in public safety management systems was found. Furthermore it was testified that organisational consciousness in the PSMS affects three areas, namely: enhances involvement in accomplishment of objectives set, strengthens inter-organisational collaboration and fosters innovative solutions.
Perception of organizational culture, commitment and loyalty of corporation employees
Authors: Barabasz Adela , Kuźmierz Mieszko
Published: August 2015

The article is of empirical nature. It presents the results of research dedicated to identification of the organizational culture and the commitment of the employees of an international corporation operating on the financial services market. The OCAI questionnaire, used to identify the dominant type of organizational culture, and a questionnaire concerning the commitment and loyalty of employees in three selected branches of the company, located in Poland, England and India, were used in the research.

The main aim of the research was to identify the types of the organizational culture and to define the level of commitment of employees and loyalty, taking into account factors like branch location and nationality of the surveyed people. The assumption that organizational culture is positively correlated with the level of commitment and loyalty has been only partially confirmed and requires further verification. However, the differences between the results from the three branches (Poland, India, England) encourage continuation of that type of research.
Intercultural interactions in the German subsidiary operating in Poland-a case study
Authors: Przytuła Sylwia
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this article is to identify the benefits and weaknesses arising from intercultural interactions arising between foreigners and local staff in the German subsidiary operating in Poland. The research procedure was a case study, and a method was 12 semi-structured interviews with Polish managers.

Research problems concerned the general perception of the Polish managers in relation to cooperation with foreigners. The respondents indicated the benefits and problems of this cooperation, as well as practical guidance (advice) to improve these interactions. This case study enriched the empirical achievements in the area of the new trend in management sciences, which is the positive organizational scholarship (POS).