bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Reaginic Allergy with House Dust, Animal Dander and Pollen Allergens in Adult Patients III.
Authors: Eriksson Nils E.
Published: July 2009

Case histories alone and combined with the results of skin tests and/or the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) were compared with the results of provocation tests in 397 patients with asthma or allergic rhinitis. Case histories often turned out to be doubtful. The agreement between negative histories and negative provocation tests was 77% and that between positive histories and positive provocation tests 64%. When case histories were supported by concordant skin test or RAST results, the agreement with provocation tests increased to about 90%. When a scoring system for the combinations of different diagnostic methods was employed, a 100% agreement with provocation tests was obtained for cases with high scores. It is concluded that by using the case history in conjunction with RAST and/or skin test results, a reliable diagnosis can be achieved, eliminating the necessity of provocation tests.
Diagnosis of Reaginic Allergy with House Dust, Animal Dander and Pollen Allergens in Adult Patients IV.
Authors: Eriksson Nils E.
Published: July 2009

With the assumption that a provocation test gives the correct diagnosis, the possibility of predicting an allergy by means of the case history, a skin test, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and combinations of these methods was evaluated for house dust, cow-, cat-, dog- and horse-dander, timothy-, marguerite-, dandelion- and birch-pollen allergens. All procedures were found to give a reliable diagnosis provided that a group with doubtful diagnosis was interposed between the negative and the positive ones. The doubtfoul group, requiring further diagnostic investigations, was smallest when all three methods were used in combination. It is suggested that, in addition to the case history, the first procedure in routine diagnosis with inhalant allergens should be a skin test. RAST should be used primarily for selected cases and as a complement to the case history and skin test, making provocation tests superfluous for the majority of patients.
Failure of the Putative IgE Pentapeptide to Compete with IgE for Receptors on Basophils and Mast Cells
Authors: Bennich Hans , Ragnarsson Ulf , Johansson S.G.O. , Ishizaka Kimishige , Ishizaka Teruko , Levy David A. , Lichtenstein Lawrence M.
Published: July 2009

We have examined the claim that a pentapeptide resembling a portion of ε-chain of IgE can inhibit allergic reactions by competing with IgE for basophil-mast cell IgE receptors. Four laboratories with expertise in different areas collaborated. The following was found. (1) There was no evidence, by autoradiography, that the pentapeptide could block IgE fixation to basophils or displace IgE from these cells. (2) There was no evidence, by histamine release studies that the pentapeptide could block basophil sensitization or remove IgE from actively sensitized cells. The pentapeptide, also, did not impair antigen-induced histamine release. (3) There was no evidence that the pentapeptide could block the skin test response in Prausnitz-Küstner testing with the antigen injected intradermally or orally administered. Neither the correct pentapeptide sequence from the ε-chain nor the FcXXX fragment of IgE impaired the P-K test. In each series of experiments, IgE myeloma protein, as a positive control, blocked the allergic response. The failure of the pentapeptide to block these reactions was observed at molar ratios of pentapeptide/IgE of 106 to 107. Our results, therefore, provide no evidence for competition between the pentapeptide and IgE. Even if there should be some weak affinity between the pentapeptide and IgE receptors on basophils or mast cells this would, by virtue of quantitative considerations, be of no clinical relevance.
Importance of the Spleen for the Immuno-Inhibitory Action of Linoleic Acid in Mice
Authors: Mertin J. , Meade C.J. , Hunt Ruth , Sheena Jinan
Published: July 2009

Certain immuno-inhibitory effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, linoleic acid (C18:2), no longer occur after splenectomy of young adult CBA mice. This observation suggests that the spleen is a major intermediary in the action of C18:2 on the lymphoreticular system. Pathways of this action remain to be elucidated. Possibilities include C18:2-stimulated suppressor cell generation in the spleen, or excess biosynthesis of immuno-inhibitory prostaglandins by splenic macrophages.
Dissociation of Blastogenic Factor Production and Lymphocyte Transformation of Guinea Pig Lymphocytes Stimulated with Tuberculin PPD
Authors: Hojo Kenji , Hiramine Chiharu
Published: July 2009

In vitro lymphocyte transformation of guinea pig lymph node cells induced by tuberculin PPD was essentially eliminated by treatment with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and light. The remaining cell population was still capable of producing blastogenic factor and further, the amount of blastogenic factor released was comparable to that from the intact population in the same interval of culture. This result favors the conception that cells producing blastogenic factor in response to antigen are distinct from the cells responding to the antigen by DNA synthesis and proliferation.
Intestinal Stimulation of the Serum Antibody Response against Escherichia coli O83 Antigen in Healthy Adults
Authors: Jodal U. , Ahlstedt S. , Hanson L.Å. , Lidin-Janson G. , Åkerlund Sohl
Published: July 2009

Ingestion of E. coli O83 bacteria preceded by intake of 2 g of NaHCO3 resulted in the bacteria appearing as a transient strain in the stool in 6 out of 11 healthy adult individuals. No rise in serum, urine or parotid fluid antibody levels against the crude·antigen from E. coli O83 bacteria could be detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) technique. In contrast, a serum antibody response was registered in four individuals with the ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) technique. The rise in antibody level was accompanied by an increase in relative average antibody avidity. Significantly lower levels of serum antibodies against the E. coli O83 and O6 antigens were recorded using the ASP technique as compared to those for O2, O4 and O75 antigens.
Induction of Rat Homocytotropic Antibody against Streptokinase-Streptodornase (SK-SD) and Specific Neutralization of the Antibody by Low Molecular Weight Component of SK-SD
Authors: Suzuki S. , Kuroume T.
Published: July 2009

Homocytotropic antibodies (HCA) were produced in rats by primary injection of streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) after the antigen was absorbed on alminum hydroxide gel. The properties of rat SK-SD-specific HCA were qualitatively similar to SK-SD skin-sensitizing antibodies found in sera of human beings, namely, homocytotropic activity (48 h homologous PCA reaction), heat lability at 56°C, and inactivation by reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol followed by alkylation with iodoacetamide. In neutralization tests, D-SK-SD, a low molecular hapten-like substance contained in SK-SD preparation, absorbed the antibody against ND-SK-SD antigen-specifically. The neutralizing activity mostly resided in fraction 1 of D-SK-SD separated through DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ion-exchange column, opposing the inhibitory activity of fraction 3 on lymphocyte transformation. The possible implication of these findings in the immunological treatment of streptococcal disorders is discussed.
Sensitivity to Intravenous Injections of Histamine and Serotonin in Inbred Mouse Strains
Authors: Vaz Nelson M. , de Souza Celso M. , Hornbrook Margaret M. , Hanson Donald G. , Lynch Neil R.
Published: July 2009

A large panel of inbred strains of mice and some of their F1 hybrids were tested on their sensitivity to the hemoconcentrating effects of intravenous injections of histamine alone, serotonin alone, or histamine-serotonin mixtures. Major differences in susceptibility were observed. Crosses and backcrosses were made between susceptible (SJL/J) and less susceptible (RF/J, C57BL/6J) strains; it was found that the sensitivity to vasoactive amines is, at least partially, inheritable.
Antibody Reactivity in Penicillin-Sensitive Patients Determined with Different Penicillin Derivatives
Authors: Juhlin L. , Ahlstedt S. , Andal L. , Ekström B. , Svärd P.O. , Wide L.
Published: July 2009

35 individuals showing reactions to penicillin of anaphylactic shock, angioedema or urticaria were investigated. Their skin sensitivity was analysed using 16 different penicillin derivatives. In addition, the content of circulating reagins against the penicilloyl structure in the patient’s sera were analysed using RAST. 17 of the patients had negative skin reactions and RAST results to all substances tested. The other 18 were skin test-positive to at least one derivative but showed markedly heterogeneous patterns of skin reactivity. 14 had positive reactions against penicilloyl structures accompanied by anti-penicilloyl reagins. Four patients showed doubtful reactions only to penicillin or penicilloate and/or penilloate. These patients also had very low levels of reagins against penicilloyl in their sera. Positive skin test results using monovalent penicillin derivatives such as penicillin, penicilloate, penilloate, penicilloyl amide, penicilloyl-formyl-lysine, penicillamine, which cannot form a multivalent antigen with penicillyol specificity, indicated formation of other derivatives of importance in penicillin allergy, e. g., penicillamine protein conjugates. Three patients showed skin reactions to ampicillin polymer and two to benzyl-penicillin polymer. The skin tests performed with the penicillin derivatives used do not seem to give more information on the sensitivity of the patiens than does the RAST using penicilloyl structures.
Spontaneous 3H·Thymidine Incorporation by Circulating Lymphocytes of Normal Subjects
Authors: De Bruyere M. , Lachapelle J.-M. , Anguita T.
Published: July 2009

Peripheral lymphocytes of ten normal, healthy subjects were assayed simultaneously for spontaneous 3H-thymidine flash labelling and erythrocyte, active erythrocyte and erythrocyte antibody complement rosette formation. Spontaneous blastogenesis of T lymphocytes is significatively higher than that of B cells. The majority of T lymphocytes incorporating 3-H-thymidine are active E rosette-forming cells.
Stimulation of Pig Lymphocytes with Anti-Immunoglobulin Serum and Mitogens
Authors: Symons D.B.A. , Lay Carol A. , MacDonald A.N.
Published: July 2009

Mitogenic stimulation of pig lymphocytes by anti-immunoglobulin serum and by Con A, PHA, PWM and LPS has been measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Lymphocytes from blood, spleen and lymph node were readily stimulated by antiglobulin. Specific anti-μ serum was mitogenic for blood lymphocytes, indicating that those B cells with surface IgM can be stimulated by complexing of this surface component with antibody. An initial 2-hour incubation with anti-Ig was as effective as continuous incubation. Differentiation of stimulated cells into high rate synthesising plasmablasts was not observed. Pig blood lymphocytes were reactive to Con A, PHA, PWM and LPS. LPS was also tested against spleen and lymph node cells, which were responsive to this mitogen.
Inhibition of Antigen-Induced Histamine Release by β-Adrenergic Stimulants in vivo
Authors: Fügner Armin
Published: July 2009

IgE-mediated histamine release was studied using the method of passive peritoneal anaphylaxis (PPA) in the rat. Some β-adrenergic stimulants markedly inhibited this reaction in vivo, the order of potency (ED50μg/kg i. v.) of agents tested being fenoterol (6), salbutamol (40) and isoproterenol (94). Higher activity against the simultaneously measured dye extravasation suggested a dual effect of the drugs on both the cellular (inhibition of histamine release) and the vascular level. The order of potency in modifying vascular injury was, however, reversed, isoproterenol and not fenoterol being relatively more active here, as could be shown by further experiments. Inhibition of histamine release is discussed with respect to (a) methodical requirements and (b) the suggestion that β2-receptor stimulants (fenoterol, salbutamol) are more selective than isoproterenol.
Diagnosis of Reaginic Allergy with House Dust, Animal Dander and Pollen Allergens in Adult Patients
Authors: Eriksson Nils E. , Ahlstedt Staffan
Published: July 2009

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing allergen adsorbed onto the internal surface of a plastic tube, and alkaline phosphatase conjugated anti-IgE was used for the determination of specific IgE antibodies to various inhalant allergens in serum samples from 255 individuals with asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. A total of 541 analyses were carried out and the results were compared with those of provocation tests, skin tests and the RAST. It was found that negative ELISA values with high probability indicated nonallergy and very high ELISA values (class ≥ 5) indicated allergy. However, the proportion of positive ELISA values which did not correspond to clinical allergy was high, as were the number of intermediate, inconclusive values (class 1–2). Although significant correlations between the ELISA values and provocation test, skin test or the RAST were obtained with some allergens, it was concluded that our version of the ELISA has no advantages over currently used methods for allergy diagnosis.
Rheumatoid-Like Joint Lesions in Rabbits Injected Intravenously with Bovine Serum
Authors: Poole A.R. , Coombs R.R.A.
Published: July 2009

Rheumatoid-like synovial lesions have been produced experimentally in 21% of rabbits receiving intravenous injections of bovine serum by various regimens. They were characterized by lining cell hyperplasia, accumulations, often follicular, of lymphocytes and plasma cells just under the lining layer, sometimes with extensive fibroplasia and pannus formation with cartilage erosion.
Mitogen-induced Lymphocyte and Cutaneous Reactions in Dogs
Authors: Schatz Michael , Patterson Roy , Sommers Herbert M. , Harris Kathleen E.
Published: July 2009

The lymphocyte response of dogs to mitogens was determined using separated lymphocyte and whole blood lymphocyte proliferation techniques. Reactivity to optimal doses of the following mitogens was demonstrated in decreasing order of intensity: phytohemagglutinin, Pokeweed mitogen, conconavalin A and sodium periodate. The canine cutaneous reactivity to these mitogens was also determined. Grossly, erythema and induration with all mitogens was maximal at 24 h. Microscopically, lesions using all mitogens consisted of edema, hyperemia and diffuse dermal infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells. These mitogen-induced lesions may represent a specific lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory response, although a nonspecific reaction cannot be excluded.
Regulation of the Immune Response in Neonatal Piglets by Maternal Antibody
Authors: Muscoplat Charles C. , Setcavage Thomas M. , Kim Yoon B.
Published: July 2009

The ability of maternal antibody to regulate the humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes and the hapten-carrier conjugate trinitrophenylated sheep erythrocytes (TNP-SRBC) was investigated in neonatal piglets. It was found that in this system, passively acquired maternal antibody would completely inhibit the in vitro primary immune response to SRBC while leaving the response the TNP intact. Data suggest that maternal antibody is regulating the in vitro response at the B-cell level since T-cell helper function to SRBC must not have been inhibited in order for an anti-TNP response to have occurred to TNP-SRBC. The regulation of immune responses by maternal antibody is temporary and disappears before 3 months of age.
Allergenic Structure of Allergen M from Cod
Authors: Elsayed S. , Apold J.
Published: July 2009

The peptides P1B3 (amino acid residues No. 88–113) and LT3N1 (residues No. 88–108), obtained from the limited tryptic hydrolysis of fragment TM 2 from codfish allergen M inhibited the interaction between allergen M and reaginic IgE antibodies both in vitro (87 and 62% RAST inhibition, respectively) and in vivo (total PK test inhibition). The peptide A7B1 (residues No. 97–113) overlapping the former at the COOH-terminus, was inactive in PK test inhibition experiments and produced only a minor inhibition of RAST (15%). The findings suggest that the nonapeptide residue No. 88–96 is partially indispensable for the allergenic activity of fragment TM 2, and is likely to incorporate allergenic determinant(s).
Reagin-Mediated Hypersensitivity Reaction in the Rat Hindpaw and Its Inhibition by Antianaphylactic Drugs
Authors: Martel R.R. , Klicius J.
Published: July 2009

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are usually studied locally by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis method. In the present experiments reaginic antibody-induced hypersensitivity was produced in the rat hindpaw (passive paw anaphylaxis or PPA). Increased vascular permeability was determined by measuring the increase in paw volume. The reaction in the paw and its inhibition with antianaphylactic drugs was found to be similar to that in the skin. The PPA is fast and easy to perform and can be used to study hypersensitivity reactions in the rat.
Killer Cell (K) Activity in Human Normal Lymph Node, Regional Tumour Lymph Node and Inflammatory Lymph Node
Authors: Eremin O. , Ashby J. , Franks D.
Published: July 2009

Human normal lymph nodes, irrespective of their anatomical site of origin, have a low K cell activity, which may not be detected except with the appropriate target cell and at high lymphocyte to target cell ratios (100:1). This very low killer cell activity is also found in all the homolateral axillary nodes of patients with clinical stage I and II carcinoma of the breast and in the regional draining nodes of a variety of solid tumours, whether small and localized or large and with extensive spread. In all cases proximity to the tumour and obvious hyperplastic changes in the nodes have no modifying effect. This pattern of minimal reactivity is similarly found with tonsillar lymphocytes and with nodes draining inflammatory foci. The Fc and C3 receptors on surface membranes are detected with ease, and pretreatment of lymphocytes by incubation, washing and enzymatic treatment fail to alter their reactivity, thus excluding effector cell inhibition by immune complexes. The killer cell activity of lymphocytes from the blood of breast tumour patients is similar to the activity of lymphocytes from healthy controls.
Preparation and Properties of a Specific Antiserum Against Human Liver
Authors: Mihas Anastasios A. , Spenney Jerry G.
Published: July 2009

Immunization of rabbits with a soluble human liver fraction incorporated into Freund’s adjuvants produced antibodies that reacted with human liver extracts as well as extracts of other human organs. Absorption of the antihuman liver sera (AHLS) with lyophilized human serum, heart, and kidney abolished the reactions with other organs but did not remove the liver antibodies. The existence of at least two different liver antigens could be shown by gel diffusion precipitation experiments. One of these antigens could be removed by absorption of the antisera with chicken liver extracts. The AHLS did not cross-react with liver extracts of other species. Comparison of the AHLS with a mouse liver anti-serum described previously indicated that these antisera detected closely related but non-identical liver antigens.
HLA Antigens and Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) Deficiency in Sardinia
Authors: Carcassi Ugo , Del Giacco Sergio , Pintus Aldo , Perpignano Giuseppe , Locci Francesca , Loy Maurizio , Batzella Grazia , Piludu Giovanna , Cengiarotti Letizia , Ibba Gregorio , Leone Anna Luisa
Published: July 2009

The frequency of 17 HLA antigens from locus A and locus B has been evaluated by microlymphocytotoxicity test in a population of 233 subjects (157 normal and 76 with dificiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [G-6-PD] in red cells) from a village of Sardinia, a mediterranean island relatively close to continental Italy. It appears that G-6-PD-deficient people show a frequency of some HLA antigens (A2, A10, B12, BW35) significatively different from normal Sardinian subjects but close to (A10, BW35) or higher (A2, B12) than that of subjects from peninsular Italy.
Resistance to Tolerance Induction and Age-Dependent Cellular Changes in SJL Mice
Authors: Hosono M. , Cinader B.
Published: July 2009

SJL mice became resistant to tolerance induction between the 2nd and 6th week of life. The effect on tolerance induction of radioresistant accessory (A) cells does not depend on the age of the donor, i. e. is the same whether the A-cell donor is 3 or 12 weeks old. In the thymectomized recipient, reconstituted with spleen cells of 12-week-old donors, resistance to tolerance is greater than in the corresponding intact animal. Resistance to tolerance is due to a change in the T cells, occurs at a different rate in the T cells of thymus and spleen, and may be due to change in the relative proportion of different T-cell subpopulations.
Further Characterization of Alkaline Phosphatases of Human Kidney and Urine
Authors: Korngold L.
Published: July 2009

Human kidney alkaline phosphatase (AP) react with antisera to liver and intestinal AP. The respective kidney enzymes are designated as KLi and KI. Comparison with liver AP showed that KLi was salted out at the same ammonium sulfate concentration (66%) as the liver enzyme; KLi was antigenically identical with liver AP; the electrophoretic mobility of KLi was that of a γ-globulin whereas liver AP was an α2-globulin. The liver enzyme was lighter (130,000 daltons) than KLi (150,000 daltons). KI and intestinal AP shared most properties: antigenically they were indistinguishable; both contained two components one of which was 80,000 daltons, the other was heavier (120,000 daltons for KI, 130,000 daltons for intestinal AP). Urinary AP consisted only of the lighter component (80,000 dalton). Methods for partial separation of the three kidney APs are given.
A New Allergen from the Perienteric Fluid of Ascaris suum with Respect to Charges
Authors: Kuo C.Y. , Yoo T.J.
Published: July 2009

A new allergen with pI in the 6.0 region was obtained from the perienteric fluid of Ascaris suum through isoelectric focusing techniques. This new allergen shows strong allergenicity, at a concentration of 10––9μg/ml, in rats passively sensitized with the reaginic antiserum produced against Ascaris perienteric fluid.
Effect of Phenytoin on the Immune Response in Rabbits
Authors: Fossan G.O.
Published: July 2009

Rabbits treated with phenytoin in various ways, were immunized with human serum or with sheep erythrocytes. The antibody response in rabbits injected with the antigen mixed with phenytoin differed distinctly from the response obtained in animals having received the antigen alone or mixed with diluent. The effect of phenytoin on the antibody response depended on the nature of the antigen. The response to some antigens was suppressed, to some potentiated, and to some potentiated in the early phase and then suppressed. The effect comprised both IgM and IgG responses. Skin hypersensitivity tests did not reveal any effect on the cellular immune response. These findings may explain why particularly IgA is affected in patients taking phenytoin by the oral route, and why either reduction or elevation of IgA may occur.
Relationship between Mitogenic Factor and in vitro Lymphocyte Stimulation during Guinea Pig Immune Response to KLH
Authors: Ashworth L.A.E.
Published: July 2009

Lymphocyte stimulation and production of the lymphokine mitogenic factor (MF) in response to specific in vitro challenge were studied in parallel using lymphocytes from animals sensitized with different doses of keyhole limpet haemocyanin at various times after sensitization. Overall, agreement between the two assays of cellular response was good. However, examination of the antigen dose-response characteristics in each experimental situation revealed dissociation in some cultures. Blood leucocyte responses developed later than those of lymph node cells. The latter gave good MF but were poorly stimulated at day 60, when both responses were maximal for blood leucocytes, indicating a possible redistribution of responsive cells from the nodes to the blood. Treatment of guinea pigs with cyclophosphamide affected lymphocyte stimulation to a greater extent than MF production. Only a part of the antigen-induced stimulation of lymph node cells could be attributed to MF elicited in culture.
Surface Immunoglobulin on Rabbit Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Linthicum Scott , Sell S.
Published: July 2009

An indirect immunoferritin-labeling technique is used to localize cell surface immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypic determinants on rabbit lymph node, bone marrow and thymus lymphocytes. 47% of the lymph node cells, 62% of bone marrow small lymphocytes and less than 1% of thymic lymphocytes, are positive for surface Ig. Two Ig-positive lymph node lymphocyte populations which differ in fine structure are identified but both cell types express similar amounts of surface Ig (7,000–28,000 Ig molecules per cell). Bone marrow small lymphocytes make up only 9% of the total cell population and express less surface Ig (ca. 3,000–12,000 molecules Ig per cell) than most Ig-bearing lymph node lymphocytes. Two types of morphologically distinct thymus lymphocytes are described and both are essentially negative for surface Ig using this labeling technique.
Clinical Significance of Specific IgE Antibody against Streptokinase-Streptodornase in Renal Diseases of Childhood
Authors: Tomizawa S. , Suzuki S. , Kuroume T. , Morikawa A. , Matsui A. , Fukasawa T. , Matsumura T.
Published: July 2009

The immediate skin reaction (IR) with streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD) was found with a high incidence in children with renal disease and was confirmed to be mediated by a specific IgE antibody against SK-SD by means of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). This test revealed high radiocounts in children with renal disease who showed the IR and there was a close correlation between the RAST counts and the intensity of the IR. Furthermore, the RAST counts in the severe nephrotic syndrome belonging to corticosteroid dependent and resistant group were far higher than those in the corticosteroid sensitive group. From these results, a determination of the RAST counts against SK-SD seemed to help evaluate the severity of some nephrotic syndromes and the specific IgE antibody may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Studies of C1 Subcomponents in Chronic Urticaria and Angioedema
Authors: Laurell Anna-Brita , Mårtensson Ulla , Sjöholm Anders G.
Published: July 2009

C1q, C1r, C1s, C3, C4 and CĪ IA were determined by electroimmunoassay in sera from 150 patients with chronic urticaria or angioedema. Abnormal C1q and C1s levels were found in about 30% of the patients. In seven sera C1r was not measurable due to the appearance of diffuse precipitates. The levels of C3 and/or C4 were decreased in five sera with aberrations of C1 subcomponents in the electroimmunoassay. None of the patients showed reduced CĪ IA levels in the electroimmunoassay. The presence in sera of abnormal C1 subcomponent complexes was studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Sera from 11% of the patients contained C1r-C1 complexes. Increased amounts of α2 complexes (CĪr-CĪs-CĪ IA) were found in 33% of the patients. A major part of the C1q in sera yielding abnormal C1r precipitates had the same electrophoretic mobility as isolated C1q and was not associated with the C1qrs complex. C1 activity in hemolytic tests was low in these sera as well as in sera with decreased C1q levels. In the esterolytic assay for C1 IA low values were found in 14 patients. Repeated sampling and family studies in appropriate cases gave no evidence for genetically determined deficiencies of C1q, C1r or CĪ IA.
Structure and Biological Functions of Human IgD
Authors: Leslie Gerrie A. , Teramura Gayle
Published: July 2009

A simple but sensitive radioimmunoassay method for the quantitation of IgD in sera and body fluids has been developed. Specifically purified chicken anti-δ was covalently coupled to cyanogen bromide activated filter paper discs and the discs were incubated together with the samples to be analyzed. The washed discs were next incubated with 125I-labeled specifically purified chicken or rabbit anti-human δ-antibodies. IgD on the disc was quantified by reference to a standard curve prepared with purified human IgD. The sensitivity of this assay was ∼ 10 ng/ml IgD. IgD was demonstrable in cord sera (18 of 18), hypogammaglobulinemic sera (15 of 15), amniotic fluids (6 of 6), salivas (8 of 10), normal cerebrospinal fluids (12 of 13) and cerebrospinal fluids from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (5 of 5). The finding of IgD in human secretions raises the interesting possibility that IgD may be a secretory antibody.
Secretory IgA Antibodies Against Cow’s Milk Proteins in Human Milk and Their Possible Effect in Mixed Feeding
Authors: Hanson L.Å. , Ahlstedt S. , Carlsson B. , Fällström S.P.
Published: July 2009

Antibodies of the secretory IgA type against cow’s milk proteins were consistently found in human milk. With the assumption that such antibodies can help to prevent or at least diminish the contact between native cow’s milk proteins and the lymphoid system of babies on mixed feeding, the levels of antibodies of various immunoglobulin classes against bovine milk proteins were measured in different groups of babies. Those on artificial feeds who had been on mixed feeding of human milk and cow’s milk for less than 1 week had significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies to cow’s milk proteins than those who had been on mixed feeding for a period longer than 3 weeks.
Thymic Factors Regulating DNA Synthesis in Lymphocytes Cultured in vitro
Authors: Ernström U. , Nordlind K.
Published: July 2009

An extract was prepared from the calf thymus. Thymic factors with stimulating or inhibiting effect on the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA of cultured lymphocytes from guinea pigs and rats were identified and separated from each other by ultra-filtration, gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and electrofocusing. Two different stimulating substances were found both with molecular weight below 10,000 daltons. The result of ion-exchange chromatography and preparative electrofocusing indicated the existence of one (or two) acidic and one slightly alkaline stimulating thymic factor. The stimulating substances were found in greater amount in a young thymus than in an old one. The thymic factors increasing the uptake of 3H-thymidine are probably polypeptides.
HLA – Frequencies in Intermittent Acute Porphyria
Authors: Teuber J. , Druschky F. , Franzke W. , Baenkler H.W.
Published: July 2009

Tissue typing was performed in 20 patients suffering from intermittent acute porphyria using the lymphocytotoxicity test in a two-step method. The patients belonged to different families and were not related. Compared with the healthy population, an increased frequency of HLA-A10, HLA-A29, HLA-B13, HLA-B14 and HLA-B27 was observed, whereas HLA-A2, HLA-A3, HLA-A9, HLA-A11, HLA-A28 and HLA-BW15 had decreased frequencies. No conspicuous combination between particular HLA alleles was detected. Regarding the number of differences, a relationship between the patients due to a common ancestor must be considered.
Isolation and Characterization in vitro of an Allergen from Plane-Tree (Platanus acerifolia) Pollen
Authors: Anfosso F. , Soler M. , Mallea M. , Charpin J.
Published: July 2009

A plane-tree pollen allergen was obtained by ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. It is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 22,000. By isoelectro-focusing, two isomers with a high cross-allergenicity were obtained. The results suggest that this fraction is not the only allergen but certainly the most active.
The Functions of Human Monocytes in Normal Subjects and in Disorders Associated with Immune Deficiency
Authors: Cruchaud André , Girard Jean-Pierre , Hitoglou Soultana
Published: July 2009

Human peripheral blood monocytes were tested for various functions. It was found that 63–70% of monocytes from 12 normal subjects phagocytized either Staphylococcus epidermidis or latex particles; 28% of Staphylococcus organisms exposed to cells were phagocytized in 1 h and 67% were killed within 2 h; 59% of phagocytizing cells reduced NBT; 77% of endocytosed rabbit gammaglobulin was catabolized in 18 h. In Hodgkin’s disease, sarcoidosis and severe pulmonary tuberculosis, phagocytic and bactericidal capacity was decreased in one third to two thirds of cases, while catabolism of gammaglobulin was reduced less often and metabolism was practically unmodified. By contrast, phagocytic and bactericidal capacity were practically normal in the common variable form of agammaglobulinemia, while gammaglobulin was catabolized at a low level in all cases. There was no relationship between the functional disorders of monocytes and alterations of lymphocyte stimulation. These results indicate that mononuclear phagocytes may have intrinsic alterations of functions which can result in deficient defense mechanisms and/or immune response.
The Antigens of Pigeon Breeder’s Disease
Authors: Tebo Thomas H. , Fredricks Walter W. , Roberts Ronald C.
Published: July 2009

Antigen PDE1 was purified from pigeon dropping extracts by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Bio-Gel A-1.5. It was characterized as a glycoprotein, containing 88% protein and 12% carbohydrate, with a molecular weight of approximately 200,000. PDE1 appears to be derived from pigeon intestinal IgA, showing the typical immunoglobulin structure of heavy and light chains. This antigen represents about 24% of the dry weight of the unfractionated pigeon dropping extract.
Geriatric Oncology: How Far Have We Gone and What Are the Next Steps?
Authors: Kurtz Jean-Emmanuel , Heitz Damien , Kurtz-Illig Valérie , Dufour Patrick
Published: July 2009

Geriatric oncology is increasingly developing in Western countries as it is established that cancer peaks after 60 years of age, and the populations are inexorably aging. Aging is associated with a decrease in the use of chemotherapy, and some patients are therefore exposed to undertreatment. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is a composite of several scores that target the multidimensional aspects of the old person. With the use of comprehensive geriatric assessment, geriatricians and oncologists can tailor treatment to their patients. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of elderly cancer patients, and identify the pitfalls of anticancer treatment in elderly patients. In light of our expertise, we describe the benefits that can be awaited from joint efforts from geriatricians and oncologists and suggest future directions to answer unmet needs.
Antigens in Penicillin Allergy
Authors: Kristofferson A. , Ahlstedt S. , Pettersson E. , Svärd P.O.
Published: July 2009

This communication presents a sensitive and discriminative method for detection of protein impurities in penicillin preparations. Antibodies against various penicilloyl derivatives of high avidities and specificities raised in rabbits were coupled to microcrystalline cellulose. The amount of penicilloyl antigen present in a sample was calculated from the relative uptake of a radioiodinated penicilloylated albumin competing with the sample for binding to the antipenicilloyl immunosorbent. As little as 0.048 pmol/ml of penicilloylated human serum albumin could be detected. The accuracy of the determination was within ± 23% (p < 0.05). The pronounced specificities against the penicillin side chains demonstrated by the various immunosorbents were not displayed by the antibodies in passive cutaneous anaphy laxis experiments in guinea pigs. Furthermore, the immunosorbents showed the same pattern of specificity against monomeric penicillins as for penicilloylated proteins, but the former were considerably less efficiently recorded. The relatively small quantities of protein impurities in penicillin preparations, however, necessitated a separation from penicillin prior to analyses with the RIA. This was accomplished by fractionation on Sephadex G-50 fine, giving a recovery of 80–90% of 0.1–2.5 ppm of penicilloylated protein.
A New Well-Characterized, Purified Allergen Preparation from Timothy Pollen
Authors: Frostad A.B. , Bolle R. , Grimmer Ø. , Aas K.
Published: July 2009

A purified allergen preparation, Timothy N, from timothy pollen and a crude commercial extract, Timothy O, prepared from the same pollen material, were tested in tenfold dilutions on 59 adults with allergic rhinitis and on 29 children with bronchial asthma. All patients were allergic to grass pollen. Using the prick and intracutaneous methods, dose-response tables were established for the two preparations showing a good correlation. Nasal provocation tests on the adult patients and bronchial provocation tests on the children gave positive reactions in all cases when using Timothy N. No irritant effect resulting in nonspecific reactions were elicited. The availability of stable, freeze-dried and purified allergen preparations supplied in different vials with defined allergenic activities fulfils the clinical demands for a modern diagnostic allergen preparation.
A New Well-Characterized, Purified Allergen Preparation from Timothy Pollen
Authors: Grimmer Ø. , Bolle R. , Frostad A. , Aas K.
Published: July 2009

The following methods were used in vitro to characterize and quantitate the allergenic activity of a purified allergen preparation, Timothy N, from timothy pollen: radioallergosorbent test (RAST), direct-titration RAST and RAST inhibition. Vials containing freeze-dried and standardized quantities of this preparation showed good uniformity and accuracy with regard to the allergenic activity. The stability of the preparation in solution and in the freeze-dried state was tested by RAST inhibition and was found to be acceptable. Using the same method, the allergenic activity of Timothy N was compared to the allergenic activity of a crude extract, Timothy O, indicating a discrepancy which was not observed in vivo.
A Precipitate Adsorption on Surface Technique: A Combination of Immunodiffusion and Thin-Layer Immunoassay
Authors: Elwing Hans , Nilsson Lars-Åke , Ouchterlony Örjan
Published: July 2009

A new technique – precipitate adsorption on surface – is described. The technique implies a combination of immunoprecipitation in gel and diffusion-in-gel-thin-layer immunoassay. The principles of the technique are illustrated by a series of model experiments.
Evolution of Three Lymphocyte Markers in Newborn, Preterm Infants
Authors: Hallberg Anita , Hallberg T.
Published: July 2009

Nine newborn, preterm infants have been studied at the ages of 1–3 days, 8–10 days and 22–24 days for surface markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes. As compared to adult controls, four of the infants had a low proportion of sheep RBC binding lymphocytes at birth, but at 1–3 weeks of age all infants had reached the adult level. Lymphocyte receptors for Fc of IgG and for complement, although both mainly characterizing non-T cells, evolved differently post partum: the proportion of Fc-receptor-bearing lymphocytes tended to increase with age of the infant, whereas already at birth complement-receptor-bearing lymphocytes were at or above the adult level.
T Lymphocytes Bearing Receptors for Fc of IgG in Guinea Pig Peritoneal Fluid
Authors: Manconi P.E.
Published: July 2009

Surface markers of lymphocytes from peritoneal fluid of the guinea pig are studied and compared with those of lymphocytes from thymus, peripheral blood and spleen. The great majority of peritoneal lymphocytes form rosettes with rabbit red cells and bear receptors for Fc of IgG (T Fc+ cells). Lymphocytes with these characteristics are poorly represented in blood, thymus and spleen. Guinea pig peritoneal lymphocytes can be compared, as far as surface markers are concerned, with lymphocytes from human cerebrospinal fluid and transudates.
Role of T and Adherent Cells in in vitro Response of Nude Mouse Spleen Cells to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Takigawa Masahiro , Hanaoka Masao
Published: July 2009

Thy 1.2-positive cells and adherent cells were depleted from nude mouse spleen cell suspensions by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 antisera plus complement and by passage through Sephadex G-10 column, respectively. The results of 3H-TdR uptake and appearance of IgM containing cells induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were similar in both untreated and depleted spleen cells. Our findings confirm T and adherent cell indepence of LPS response in nude mice.
Mediators of Experimental Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
Authors: Burrell Robert , Pokorney Dale
Published: July 2009

Using a physiologic model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis where depressions of arterial oxygen tension in unimmunized rabbits are monitored following aerosol challenge with Aspergillus terreus spores, attempts were made to assess the nature of the cellular and pharmacologic mediators of the impairment. Unlike normal animals no PaO2 depressions were obtained following aerosol challenge in either rabbits deficient in C6 or in rabbits made thrombocytopenic with antiplatelet serum. Such aerosols were also shown to produce platelet count depressions of up to 45% in normal rabbits. Finally, in vitro evidence of liistamine release was obtained following incubation of Aspergillus extract, platelets, and autologous serum from unimmunized rabbits. It was concluded that Aspergillus-inducedpulmonary disease may be initiated by platelet release of mediators such as histamine stimulated by nonspecific complement activation.
Influence of Serum from Atopic Children on T Lymphocytes
Authors: Strannegård Inga-Lisa , Strannegård Örjan
Published: July 2009

The relative and absolute number of peripheral T cells was found to be depressed in atopic children. Sera from atopic children had slightly less stimulatory effects on lymphocyte DNA synthesis induced by PHA, Con A and PPD, than sera from nonatopic children. This finding indicates an occurrence of inhibitory factor(s) in atopic serum. Sera from some severely ill atopic patients almost completely abolished mitogen-induced lymphocyte DNA synthesis. Inhibition by atopic serum appeared to be an early event in lymphocyte mitogenesis and not due to CRP, IgE or factors binding to mitogens. Lymphocytes from atopic children were no more sensitive to suppressive influences of atopic serum factors than were lymphocytes from adult blood donors. Normal serum enhanced mitogen-induced DNA synthesis more in lymphocytes from adult blood donors than in those from atopic children. The results indicate that, although the T cell defect in atopy may be partly caused by serum factors, occurring during clinical allergic disease, the main reason for the defect is probably an altered reactivity of the T lymphocytes in atopic individuals.
Serum-Derived Immunosuppressive Substances
Authors: Miller Frederick , Habicht Gail S.
Published: July 2009

Four published methods (ion-exchange chromatography, heat, molecular sieving and alcohol fractionation) for the preparation of fractions of normal sera and tissues which possess immunosuppressive activity are compared. Human and bovine serum and human, bovine and ovine tissues including spleen, placenta and thymus were investigated as sources of substances which were immunosuppressive when added to mixed lymphocyte cultures and when injected into mice 24 h before antigenic challenge. Cohn fraction IV of human serum purified by ion-exchange chromatography at pH 5 was the most convenient preparation examined. The problems of establishing the nature of or the identity between substances being studied in different laboratories are discussed and the recommendation is made that a standard assay for activity be adopted.
Suppression of the IgE Antibody Response in Mice to Kentucky Blue Grass Pollen Allergens
Authors: Ekramoddoullah A.K.M. , Kisil F.T. , Sehon A.H.
Published: July 2009

Reagins in murine strains A/HeJ RF/J C3H/HeJ and B6D2FJ were induced by immunization, in the presence of Al(OH)3, with the retentate (R) obtained by dialysis from the aqueous extract of Kentucky blue grass pollen (KBG-Aq. ext.). Administration of doses of R ranging from 50–200 μg resulted in IgE antibody responses which were sustained for periods of the order of 6 months. The possibility of suppressing the anti-R IgE antibody response in sensitized A/HeJ mice was tested by the administration into these animals for a period of 14 weeks, biweekly injections of a skin-active, immunogenic fraction (DI) isolated from the dialysate of KBG-Aq. ext. This treatment effectively suppressed the secondary IgE antibody response to R and markedly increased levels of hemagglutinating antibodies. On the basis of the fact that DI comprised only 1.5% of the parent fraction KBG-Aq. ext. and since it was capable of modulating the immune response to R as described, it is suggested that DI may prove to be a useful agent for the immunotherapy of allergies to KBG pollen.
On the Nature of the Presumed Receptor for IgE on Mast Cells
Authors: Bach Michael K. , Brashler John R.
Published: July 2009

The incubation of IgE-containing solutions from rat serum with particulate preparations from rat peritoneal mast cells results in the disappearance of some of the PCA-reactive IgE in the solution. This PCA blocking assay was used to measure the ‘binding’ of IgE to intact rat mast cells or to particulate preparations derived from mast cells. The PCA-blocking activity at pH 4.8 was up to 100-fold greater than that seen at a physiologic pH of 6.6. PCA-blocking activity was inhibited at both these pH conditions by high concentrations of several trypsin inhibitors. The inhibitors were generally more active at the more acid pH. Among the active inhibitors were soybean and limabean trypsin inhibitors, chymostatin, and p-nitrophenyl-p′-guanidinobenzoate. Inhibitors of acid proteases, such as pepstatin and diazaacetylnorleucine methyl ester were inactive. The results support the proposition that under certain conditions IgE degradation by a specific proteolytic enzyme which is located uniquely on the plasma membrane of mast cells can account for a major portion of the PCA-blocking activity of these cells.
Adjuvant Properties of Micropolyspora faeni
Authors: Bice D.E. , McCarron K. , Hoffman E.O. , Salvaggio J.
Published: July 2009

The adjuvant properties of Micropolyspora faeni, an important source of antigenic material in the production of farmer’s lung, were evaluated by comparing antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses of rabbits to bovine serum albumin (BSA) incorporated in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) and incomplete Freund’s adjuvant with 5–10 mg/ml homogenized M. faeni (MFA). Rabbits immunized with BSA in CFA or MFA developed significantly increased antigen-induced macrophage migration inhibition, lymphocyte stimulation, and delayed skin reactivity when compared to those immunized with BSA in IFA. No similar adjuvant effect on specific antibody production was observed in rabbits immunized using BSA in MFA. These data suggest that M. faeni can act as a selective immunologic adjuvant for delayed hypersensitivity. This adjuvant property might be important in the induction of mononuclear cell infiltrates seen in human hypersensitivity pneumonitis.