bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infrared Thermal Imaging during the Estrous Cycle in Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Mihalovičová Lucia , Kunšteková Veronika , Miláček Dávid , Feješ Andrej , Tekeľová Mária , Renczés Emese , Celec Peter , Borbélyová Veronika
Published: March 2024

The collection and examination method of vaginal smears is the standard for the determination of ovulation or phases of the estrous cycle of rodents used in research. However, this method is time consuming and may not be amenable to continual monitoring of a large number of animals. Infrared thermography has recently emerged as a noninvasive technique that requires relatively little handling of animals. The body temperature of rodents has been shown to correlate with the ocular surface temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the use of thermographic monitoring of the ocular surface for the identification of estrus in rats. Vaginal smears were collected from female Wistar rats (n = 22) for 14 consecutive days. Core body temperature was estimated by measuring ocular surface temperature using a thermal camera; vaginal temperature was measured using a digital thermometer. Average temperatures were calculated for each rat for each phase of the estrous cycle. The highest core body and vaginal temperature were measured during the estrus phase (37.2 ± 0.6 °C and 37.7 ± 0.6 °C, respectively). The temperatures then fell as the rat entered the diestrus phase (36.8 ± 0.5 °C and 37 ± 0.5 °C). The core body temperature was positively correlated with vaginal temperature (r = 0.697, P < 0.001). In conclusion, thermography is a less invasive method of determining estrus in rats as compared with vaginal smear collection. However, thermography is less accurate and requires at least a 12-d period of measurement.
Determination of Postmortem Interval in Mice
Authors: Howie Rachel R , McKinney Michael M , Tataryn Nicholas M , Cole Allysa L , Dupont William D , Yang Tzushan S , Gibson-Corley Katherine N
Published: March 2024

Despite the major use of mice in biomedical research, little information is available with regard to identifying their postmortem changes and using that information to determine the postmortem interval (PMI), defined as the time after death. Both PMI and environmental conditions influence decomposition (autolysis and putrefaction) and other postmortem changes. Severe decomposition compromises lesion interpretation and disease detection and wastes limited pathology resources. The goal of this study was to assess postmortem changes in mice in room temperature cage conditions and under refrigeration at 4 °C to develop gross criteria for the potential value of further gross and histologic evaluation. We used 108 experimentally naïve C57BL/6 mice that were humanely euthanized and then allocated them into 2 experimental groups for evaluation of postmortem change: room temperature (20 to 22 °C) or refrigeration (4 °C). PMI assessments, including gross changes and histologic scoring, were performed at hours 0, 4, 8, and 12 and on days 1 to 14. Factors such as temperature, humidity, ammonia in the cage, and weight change were also documented. Our data indicates that carcasses held at room temperature decomposed faster than refrigerated carcasses. For most tissues, decomposition was evident by 12 h at room temperature as compared with 5 d under refrigeration. At room temperature, gross changes were present by day 2 as compared with day 7 under refrigeration. Mice at room temperature lost 0.78% of their baseline body weight per day as compared with 0.06% for refrigerated mice (95% CI for difference 0.67% to 0.76%, P < 0.0005). This study supports the consideration of temperature and PMI as important factors affecting the suitability of postmortem tissues for gross and histologic evaluation and indicates that storage of carcasses under refrigeration will significantly slow autolysis.
Folk bred grape cultivars in Central Asia
Authors: Arzumanov V. A.
Published: March 2024

Central Asia is one of the largest and most important genetic centers of origin of many cultivated plants, especially fruit plants, including grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Some local forms have survived to this day in their pristine condition thanks to the attachment of peoples to ‘their’ varieties. This original assortment, which naturally attracts interest of researchers, helped to determine the areas of folk bred varieties concentration in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Studies of landraces started as early as the beginning of the 20th century. Very prominent botanists, namely Mikhail Grigorievich Popov, Pavel Aleksandrovich Baranov, Ivan Tikhonovich Vassilczenko and others, studied the diversity and regional adaptation of V. vinifera. Ancient grape landraces of Central Asia contain forms with large clusters and berries. Extremely valuable seedless and ultra-early varieties are often found here.

As a result of our surveys, we collected more than 700 local cultivars and wild forms of grapes. All the gathered samples are subjected to a comprehensive study in order to identify their economically valuable traits and properties. This made it possible to identify individual cultivars that can be used on the industrial scale.
Global Religious History and Religious Comparison: a Programmatic Outline
Authors: Strube Julian
Published: March 2024

This introduction outlines the contributions of Global Religious History, or Global History of Religion, to the issue of religious comparison. First, it argues for religious comparison as an integral part of religious studies that should not be abandoned but revised. Second, it addresses the larger framework of debates in religious studies and global history, arguing for the value of Global Religious History in avoiding Eurocentrism, but also tendencies within the postcolonial spectrum that mirror Eurocentric shortcomings. What is often perceived as a crisis in religious studies is understood here as an ongoing process of reflection and refinement that allows us to contextualize both the object of study and its researcher. Finally, this outline presents concrete elements that can inform revised approaches to religious comparison, including a genealogical method, entanglement and decentered historiography, and translingual practice. This allows us to expand our scope not only geographically, but also temporally.
Cost of a Policy: Social Trust and Health Insurance Uptake in Azerbaijan and Emerging Markets
Authors: Sadigov Turkhan
Published: March 2024

Do low levels of social trust increase a population’s sense of insecurity and desire to get an insurance policy or alternatively make it turn to informal networks for safety nets? While generalized social trust is an important variable to explain insurance uptake, the existing literature offers conflicting accounts of its impact on a population’s insurance demand. By employing a mixed-methods research design that combines multivariate regression of large-N cross-country data with a qualitative case study of Azerbaijan, the study provides a systematic analytical measurement of the impact of social trust on the voluntary purchase of health insurance in 93 emerging markets. The article finds a statistically significant positive effect of generalized trust on voluntary health insurance purchases. The findings suggest that in countries with a low level of social trust, people favor informal safety nets rather than formal contracts with insurance firms.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF ADDING FINE PHASE OF TITANIUM CARBIDE SYNTHESIZED IN THE MELT, AND HEAT TREATMENT ON THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF AM4.5Kd ALLOY
Authors: Sherina Yuliya
Published: March 2024

The study results are given which are devoted to finding the effect of reinforcement with fine phase of titanium carbide in the amount of 10 masses% on the physico-mechanical and tribotechnical properties of industrial aluminum AM4.5Kd alloy. The physico-mechanical (density, porosity, coefficient of thermal linear expansion, hardness, microhardness) and tribotechnical (wear rate, friction factor, self-heating temperature) properties of the composite material AM4.5Kd-10%TiC obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis before and after heat treatment are analyzed. It is found out that composite samples after heat treatment have a good combination of physical and mechanical properties, namely a low level of porosity, a low value of the coefficient of thermal linear expansion, and the values of hardness and microhardness are increased twice. Special attention should be paid to the fact that reinforcement with a ceramic phase in combination with heat treatment leads to a significant increase in the level of wear resistance of the matrix alloy (by 9 times) and a decrease in the friction factor (by 4 times). Thus, according to the results of the studies conducted, the resulting composite material AM4.5Kd-10%TiC can be recommended as a material used in tribological assemblies.
Consciència i conducta lingüística: una relació conflictiva
Authors: Suay Ferran
Published: March 2024

Gran part de la conducta humana  pot explicar-se a partir dels hàbits adquirits. Quan una conducta s'automatitza, la disponibilitat cognitiva de les alternatives diferents es redueix, i la probabilitat de repetir-la augmenta. Els aspectes plenament conscients (presa de decisions) concentren la seua influència en les primeres fases de l'adquisició de l'hàbit. En parlants poliglots, la selecció d'idioma en cadascuna de les interaccions socials que mantenen també respon a  automatismes. Per bé que el focus ha estat tradicionalment sobre els aspectes més conscients de la tria lingüística, intervenció psicològica sobre aquesta conducta ha de prendre en consideració els tres nivells d'anàlisi (cognitiu, fisiològic i motor) i desenvolupar estratègies orientades a l'establiment d'un nou hàbit. L'element clau és la reducció de la incomoditat que els parlants de llengües minoritzades experimenten quan les usen, que actua com a factor desencadenant del canvi a la llengua dominant. Per això, cal aprendre recursos que poden permetre la transformació de la decisió conscient d'expressar-se en un idioma en un comportament sistemàtic i consistent, amb opcions d'esdevenir un hàbit. La perspectiva psicològica, centrada en la conducta individual dels parlants i orientada a fomentar l'assertivitat lingüística, que es presenta en l'article permet abordar l'estudi dels usos lingüístics amb una estratègia 'de baix cap amunt', centrada en la capacitat de modificar la conducta dels parlants, en la direcció d'incrementar l'ús social de les llengües minoritzades.
Proposta de taller de la cortesia verbal en els actes de parla assertius i exhortatius
Authors: Kuzmová Lucie
Published: March 2024

El taller busca la millora de les competències pragmalingüístiques dels estudiants no catalanoparlants, de la seva capacitat d'afrontar de manera comunicativament adequada diferents situacions dins o fora de la universitat. Amb això, la proposta pretén contribuir a l'adquisició, al menys parcial, de la cultura d'aprenentatge.
La llengua és l’ànima de tot un poble
Authors: Correia de Souza Gabriel
Published: March 2024

La llengua és l’ànima de tot un poble.
Ressenya de Literatura y ELE: miradas desde los estudios literarios y culturales
Authors: Garcia Martínez Maria
Published: March 2024

Ressenya de Literatura y ELE: miradas desde los estudios literarios y culturales
Shared Responsibility for Multilingual Learners Across Levels of the Education System
Authors: Weddle Hayley , Hopkins Megan , Lowenhaupt Rebecca , Kangas Sara E. N.
Published: March 2024

Educational change efforts that prioritize equity for multilingual learners (MLs) require attention to several interconnected components of the education system. We build on prior literature and our collective research to clarify the concept of shared responsibility for ML students and to operationalize the concept at the school, district, and state levels. Drawing on institutional theory and a racialized organizations lens, we argue that shared responsibility is embedded in the mindsets, norms, and structures that shape education systems. We also attend to the complexities of fostering shared responsibility in practice, such as grappling with pervasive educator burnout and developing innovative strategies that span levels of the system. We conclude with directions for future research, including studies examining effective approaches for shifting the mindsets, norms, and routines comprising shared responsibility, and recommendations for researchers to play a more active role in shaping shared responsibility for ML students.
Juggernauts for Power The BBMP Way
Authors: Ramaswamy Dr Mahesh , S ASHA , Niranjan Dr Neeraj
Published: March 2024

This study of realpolitics that perennially occurs in Civic elections.
IntelliMart: Teknologi Drone dan Robotic dalam Sistem Pasar Modern
Authors: Pungus, S.Kom, M.T, M.M Stenly Richard , Lawongan Renaldy Richard , Solis Reyvan Sabbathinno , Claudia Anggreiny , Sondakh Debby Erce , Putra Edson Yahuda
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini melakukan kajian integrasi teknologi drone dan robotik dalam modernisasi sistem pasar tradisional. Pasar tradisional, yang ditandai dengan lingkungan yang tidak bersih, kepadatan, area penjualan yang tidak teratur, dan transaksi yang kebanyakan masih berbasis tunai, menghadapi banyak tantangan. Isu-isu ini tidak hanya mengurangi kenyamanan pelanggan, tetapi juga menimbulkan risiko seperti pencurian dan penyebaran penyakit. Kemunculan teknologi seperti drone, robotik, dan pembayaran online muncul sebagai solusi potensial untuk tantangan-tantangan ini. Studi ini mengkaji transformasi sistem transaksi di pasar tradisional dengan kemunculan teknologi pembayaran non-tunai, termasuk kode QR dan dompet digital. Selanjutnya, tren meningkatnya sistem e-commerce di berbagai negara, yang memungkinkan pelanggan memesan barang dan jasa secara online untuk pengiriman ke rumah, menandai pergeseran ke sistem pasar yang lebih maju secara teknologi. Penekanan signifikan ditempatkan pada penggunaan Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), khususnya drone, yang telah populer di berbagai industri, termasuk sistem pasar. Drone menawarkan layanan pengiriman yang efisien dan cepat, terutama di area yang sulit diakses oleh metode transportasi konvensional. Demikian juga, implementasi robotik dalam manajemen inventaris dapat merevolusi operasi pasar modern, menyediakan manajemen inventaris yang kontinu, bebas kesalahan, dan efisien. Pendekatan ini menjanjikan peningkatan efisiensi dan fungsi sistem pasar tradisional, memanfaatkan teknologi canggih untuk mengatasi tantangan operasional yang telah lama ada.
Desain dan Implementasi Sistem Monitoring Pemakaian Daya Listrik Bagi Pelanggan Rumah Tangga Berbasis IoT
Authors: Amirah Amirah , Salman Salman , Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2024

Listrik menjadi kebutuhan utama dalam kehidupan manusia. Masyarakat seharusnya lebih bijak dalam menggunakan energi listrik karena terkadang tanpa disadari penggunaan energi listrik tidak terkontrol sehingga menimbulkan pemakaian energi listrik cukup banyak dan berpengaruh pada melonjaknya biaya listrik setiap bulan. Selama ini, penggunaan daya listrik hanya dapat diketahui melalui kWh meter, namun kWh meter tidak mampu memberikan informasi tentang seberapa besar daya listrik yang digunakan secara langsung. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, diperlukan suatu aplikasi berbasis IoT yang dapat memberikan informasi penggunaan daya listrik secara real-time. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat aplikasi untuk memantau penggunaan daya listrik dirumah secara real-time. Pengendalian ini dilakukan menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP8266 sebagai chip yang mendukung konektivitas internet melalui Wifi. Menggunakan sensor arus (ACS712) dan sensor tegangan (ZMPT101B) serta teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) melalui platform Blynk. Dengan aplikasi ini, pengguna dapat mengatur pemakaian energi listrik sesuai kebutuhan. Pengujian perangkat keras digunakan untuk menghitung nilai daya listrik dan biaya yang terpakai setiap perangkat elektronik. Sample yang diuji menggunakan alat yang dibangun adalah setrika, kipas angin dan adaptor handphone kemudian membandingkannya dengan hasil perhitungan rumus secara teoritis maka diperoleh selisih sebesar 0,0135 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tingkat akurasi alat sebesar 99 % dapat digunakan untuk memonitoring pemakaian daya listrik dalam rumah tangga.
The Great Seldjuk state in the works of Turkish historian M.A. Koymen
Authors: Bayramov Mushfig
Published: March 2024

During the transition to classical feudalism, one of the most powerful Turkic states in the Middle East was the Seljuk state. The history of the Seljuk state, which has a special place in the history of Turkish statehood, has been studied by many Turkish historians (M.H. Yinanc, O. Turan, i. Kafesoglu, F. Sumer, N. Kaymaz, C. Alptekin, A. Sevim, E. Merchil, F.Sh. Arik, A. Ozaydin, and others). One of the historians with exceptional services in this field is Mehmet Altay Koymen. Dedicating most of his life to the history of Turkic statehood, the scholar clarified many obscure issues of the Seljuk state by researching numerous sources and wrote numerous scientific research works on this topic.
Britanski kapital i zakonska stabilizacija dinara u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji – neuspeo pokušaj sklapanja sporazuma sa bankarskom kućom Rotšild iz Londona
Authors: Jerković Sonja
Published: March 2024

Kraljevina Jugoslavija nije bila u stanju da sopstvenim sredstvima izvrši zakonsku stabilizaciju dinara, pa je bila prisiljena da zatraži inostrani zajam. Vlada i ministar finansija Bogdan Marković angažovali su se na dobijanju investicionog zajma u Velikoj Britaniji od konzorcijuma banaka na čelu sa Bankom Rotšild, pod supervizijom Banke Engleske. U ovom radu prikazuju se aktivnosti jugoslovenske strane tim povodom. Istraživanje takođe pokazuje uticaj unutrašnjih nacionalnih i političkih sukoba na međunarodno javno mnjenje, ekonomski status zemlje i vrednost valute, i u konkretnom slučaju na neuspeh pri pregovorima
Different growth response of mountain rangeland habitats to annual weather fluctuations
Authors: Oriani Fabio , Aasen Helge , Schneider Manuel
Published: March 2024

An accurate long-term monitoring of mountain rangelands is of primary importance for biodiversity conservation and sustainability of pastoral land use. In this study, we investigate how the seasonality of growth in nine habitats composing the alpine rangeland ecosystem responds to differences in weather conditions from year to year and how these changes occur along the elevation profile. We apply a novel pixel-based analysis over an area of 1000 km² in mid-to-high elevation pastures surrounding the Swiss National Park (south-eastern Swiss Alps). By means of NDVI, we track the growth of different habitats across the period 2016-2023. The results suggest that wet and mesic pastures tend to grow more than dry units in an elevation range of 2000-2400 m a.s.l, while all habitats present a similar growth above 2400 m. Moreover, while growth in the first season half is strongly controlled by snow persistence, it is in part compensated by very fast growth after late-melting snow. Conversely, in the second half season, the growth pattern is limited by the arrival of snow in autumn, very abruptly in tall shrubs. Inter-annual weather fluctuations impact equally the habitats and more in the first half of the growth season. This workflow presents as an effective strategy to monitor the seasonal and long-term evolution of mountain rangeland vegetation in the complex alpine domain.
Adaptive Tracking Control of Robotic Manipulator Subjected to Actuator Saturation and Partial Loss of Effectiveness
Authors: Ngo Van-Tam
Published: March 2024

This paper introduces an adaptive control design tailored for robotic systems described by Euler–Lagrange equations under actuator saturation and partial loss of effectiveness. The adaptive law put forth not only retains conventional control properties but also extends its scope to effectively address challenges posed by actuator saturation and partial loss of effectiveness. The framework’s primary focus is on bolstering system robustness, thereby ensuring the achievement of uniformly ultimate bounded tracking errors. The stability and convergence of the system’s behavior are rigorously established through the application of the Lyapunov analysis technique. Moreover, the effectiveness and superiority of the introduced framework are compellingly demonstrated through a series of practical simulations and experimental instances.
The Balanced Scorecard Approach with Customer Dimension
Authors: Shrestha Prakash , Prajapati Mamata
Published: March 2024

This study aims to evaluate the customer dimension of the balanced scorecard approach in the banking industry of Nepal and to compare the state of the balanced scorecard from the customer dimension in state-owned banks, private banks, and joint-venture banks. It employs a descriptive method of study. A questionnaire survey is used to collect data for this study. The results show that the top five elements of the customer dimension of the balancing scorecard technique are believed to be customer retention, brand image, minimum customer complaints, careful staff to provide service and customer acquisition. The important factors that follow them include sufficient staff to provide services to customers, best appearance and friendliness of staff, customer profitability, distinctive product/service attributes, increasing market share, offering social/community services, in-time customer services, satisfied customers, and skillful and competent staff. However, market penetration success is thought to be the least important factor in the customer dimension of the balanced scorecard. Therefore, to be successful, today’s financial institutions must gather information from customers, use it to create a plan that will fulfill their demands, and then put that strategy into action by being receptive to their needs and desires.
Analyzing Grammatical Errors in Students’ Essays: the case of BBS 1st Year Management Students at Bal Kumari College
Authors: Shrestha Surachhya
Published: March 2024

This paper attempts to assess the grammatical errors committed by bachelor first-year management students studying English as a foreign language at Bal Kumari College, Naryangarh in the year 2023. To identify the errors, every student was assigned to write an essay on “The Pros and Cons of Social Media for Students” in about 500 words within 50 minutes. 80 essays were collected through the simple random sampling method, and those essays were checked in depth. All the errors in their essays were collected, identified, classified, explained and analyzed. The results revealed that the most common grammatical errors made by the students involved subject–verb agreement, verb tenses, spellings and punctuation and the causes of the errors were due to intralingual transfer and interlingual transfer.
Advertising Management: Smes and Local Brand Development Through Brand Voice in Micro-Influencers
Authors: Muhammad Idlofi Mahdi
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted to explain and understand how packaging practices brand voice to develop SMEs and local brands to attract consumer interest. The method in this study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, namely a focused method, involving interpretation and a natural approach to the subject matter. The social settings in the research conducted are micro influencers who contribute to the development of local brands and SMEs and have carried out brand voice in promotional media. Determination of informants using purposive sampling technique. The theory applied in this study is the Advertising Management Strategy Theory which is reviewed by 2 models (AIDA Model and Securities Hierarchy Model) and supported by Brand Voice Theory which acts as a bridge in this research process. The results of this study are that the development of small businesses in product promotion involves many strategies, one of which is the use of micro influencers. These people have followers with reach that can be used to promote brands. Micro influencers can help small businesses get the attention of potential customers by creating content relevant to their industry. The steps taken by these micro influencers are clear evidence of the quantity and quality of endorsement actions on their social media which function as promotional media. Micro influencers help in increasing brand awareness by creating engaging and shareable content. Having partners helps SMEs capitalize on the trust and enthusiasm of their followers, which in turn increases brand awareness and drives sales.
How Capital Structure, Business Growth and Tax Planning Affect Company Value
Authors: Octavia Rima , Nursita Meta
Published: March 2024

This research aims to find out and obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of Capital Structure, Company Growth, and Tax Planning on company value. This research is included in the type of associative quantitative research. The population in this research is properties & real estate sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2022 observation period. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling technique. The data obtained was analyzed using multiple linear regression using E-views 12 software. The results of this research show that simultaneously Capital Structure, Company Growth and Tax Planning have an influence on Company Value. Partially, Capital Structure and Tax Planning have no effect on Company Value. Meanwhile, company growth partially has an influence on company value
La agricultura campesina en La Cañada, Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos
Authors: Lamarque Ahumada David , Alvarado Castro Eric
Published: March 2024

En las últimas décadas el sector agrario mexicano se ha enfocado principalmente en proyectos de carácter agroindustrial, destinado a la producción para la exportación. Esto ha generado que las agriculturas campesinas y familiares, así como otras propuestas alternativas, que no tienen la capacidad de inversión y los medios productivos suficientes para competir, queden fuera del mercado. No obstante, muchas de estas agriculturas buscan trascender los objetivos mercantiles y generar beneficios para de la sociedad y el medio ambiente, lo cual es muy notable en los espacios en torno a las grandes ciudades.
INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL MEASURES ON BUCKWHEAT PRODUCTIVITY
Authors: Pelech L. V. , Onufriychuk O. M.
Published: March 2024

Ukraine has favorable climatic and soil conditions for the cultivation of various niche crops, including buckwheat, which is in great demand on the market of Ukraine and other countries. The article provides measures to improve the technology of growing buckwheat with a high level of adaptability for specific growing conditions during the biologicalization of technological measures, the latest research and publications are elaborated; objectively assessed the importance and relevance of research on the issue of controlling weed vegetation during early spring and pre-sowing cultivation and harrowing with light harrows in phase 1-2 buckwheat leaves, which effectively reduce the level of weediness in buckwheat crops at the initial stages of growth and development of cultivated plants, because the sprouts of buckwheat plants are less competitive with weeds; optimization of the main nutrients during the treatment of buckwheat seeds before sowing with microbiological preparations that improve the morphobiological indicators of cultivated plants and subsequently affect the formation of the yield of buckwheat seeds when growing it in the soil and climatic conditions of the Pravoberezhny Forest Steppe. The results of the study of the influence of various preparative forms of processing buckwheat seeds with biological preparations on the formation of the yield of buckwheat seeds of the highly productive domestic variety Antaria were analyzed. It was determined that the use of various methods of processing buckwheat seeds by inoculation and treatment with biostimulants before sowing is an effective technological measure that allows to significantly increase the productivity of buckwheat agrocenoses with the lowest energy costs. As a result of agrotechnical measures, it was noted that early spring and pre-sowing cultivation + harrowing in the phase of 1-2 leaves on crops of Antaria buckwheat significantly led to the death of weeds. In areas where, in addition to agrotechnical measures, inoculation with Diazophyte and biostimulant Biocomplex of BTU was carried out, the number of weeds decreased by 34%, compared to areas where buckwheat seeds were treated with microbiological preparations and early spring and pre-sowing cultivation was carried out. To effectively control weeds in buckwheat agrocenoses, early spring and pre-sowing cultivation + harrowing should be carried out in the phase of 1–2 buckwheat leaves. Before sowing, buckwheat seeds should be treated with the microbiological preparation Diazofit + biostimulant Biocomplex BTU (100 ml. + 150 ml per hectare rate of seeds). These measures will contribute to the reduction of weeds by up to 36% and the possibility of obtaining a yield of buckwheat grain at the level of 1.54 t/ha.
FIELD SIMILARITY OF SEED AND THE DURATION OF THE VEGETATION PERIOD OF SOY DEPENDING ON AGROTECHNOLOGICAL GROWING MEASURES
Authors: Andrusyk P. R. , Tsyuk O. A.
Published: March 2024

In the context of reforming the agricultural sector of Ukraine, the question of increasing the production of plant products is particularly acute. Leguminous crops play a major role in solving this problem, including soybean, which is characterized by a rare chemical composition - its seeds contain 38-42% protein, 18-32% fat, enzymes, vitamins, minerals, etc. The purpose of the research is to investigate the influence of sowing rates and the method of sowing on the field germination of seeds and the length of the growing season of the investigated soybean varieties. The following methods were used in the research process: during the experiment, field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical methods were used using generally recognized methods and methodical recommendations. The results of scientific research on dark gray podzolized soil are presented. The predecessor was winter wheat. The experiment is three-factorial: factor (A) variety: Diadema Podillya (control) and Mentor; factor (B) row width: 15 cm control, 30 cm, 45 cm; factor (C) sowing rate: 500 (control), 600 and 700 thousand pcs. similar seeds per 1 ha. The research revealed that at the sowing rate of 700 thousand/ha of similar seeds, there was a decrease in field germination, with row sowing by 3.8% in the Diadema Podillia variety compared to the sowing rate of 500 thousand/ha. At the sowing rate of 500 thousand/ha of the Mentor variety, the field germination of soybean seeds in all sowing methods was marked by higher indicators compared to the norm of 700 thousand/ha. At the rate of 500,000/ha of similar soybean seeds of the Diadema Podillia variety, in the continuous (15 cm) agrocenosis, it was 93.1%, in wide-row (30 and 45 cm) – 89.9 and 84.2%. The duration of the growing season in plants of the Diadema Podillya variety is 109 days, Mentor is 114 days. The application of the sowing rate of 700,000/ha of soybean seeds in the studies accelerated this period to one day in plants of the Diadema Podillia variety and to two days in the Mentor variety compared to the sowing rate of 500,000/ha. The research materials are of practical importance for farmers analyzing the field germination of soybean seeds on dark gray podzolized soil
WOOL PRODUCTIVITY OF DOMESTIC SHEEP USING A MINERAL-PHYTOBIOTIC SUPPLEMENT
Authors: Perig M. D.
Published: March 2024

The article presents the results of research on the wool productivity of crossbreeds when fed compound feed with a mineral-phytobiotic additive. The object of research was the use of bright ones, obtained from breeding crossbred ewes "in themselves" (3/4P x 3/4C).

For research, two groups of 20-day local ditches of 25 heads each were formed. The young of the control group received a balanced compound feed, and the experimental group received the same compound feed to which was added 1,8% of a mineral-phytobiotic additive, which included metasilicate and sodium sulfate (a mineral particle) and extracts of essential oils of chili pepper, oregano and cinnamon ( phytobiotic part).

As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the addition of a mineral-phytobiotic additive significantly improves wool productivity. In particular, the shearing of unwashed and clean wool and the yield of clean fiber were higher by 14,93%, respectively, in the yaks of the research group; 20,66% and 5,15%. The coefficient of wooliness in the lambs of the experimental group was 44,24 g/kg body weight. m., and in animals of the control group this indicator was at the level of 42,51 g/kg body weight. m., or 4,07 % lower

Adding a mineral-phytobiotic supplement to the ration of goats helps to increase the natural and true length of wool at shearing by 9,01 and 8,95 %, respectively, compared to the control group.

In the pits of the experimental group, the wool fibers became more uniform in terms of tonnage, the number of individuals with wool of quality 56 increased (70%; average fiber tonnage 28,35 μm), while in the pits of the control group of animals with wool of this quality there was 30% with an average tonnage of wool fibers 28,75 μm. In the experimental group, the strength of the wool was 9,29 km, and in the control group, the breaking length was 7,97 km, or 16,56 % greater.
CHANGES IN MORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD IN RABBITS DURING GASTRIC SURGERY
Authors: Kovalenko D. O. , Malyuk M. O.
Published: March 2024

The study of the reaction of the inflammatory process and its nature, depending on the use of drug treatment and without it, was carried out using a study of general blood analysis in rabbits after gastric surgery. In this study, we determined changes in the leukocyte formula of rabbits after surgery. The research material was a general blood test, namely the leukocyte formula of two groups of rabbits, each of which consisted of 5 heads.

A general blood analysis study was performed on a Mindrai BC-5000 device, but white blood cells were counted manually, using a Goryaev chamber and Türk's solution, as well as a Sigeta Biogenic LED microscope (China). The leukocyte formula was calculated manually according to the Schilling formula and preliminary staining of blood smears according to the Romanovsky-Giemz method.

In the study, the course of the inflammatory process in the postoperative period of rabbits was determined, which was characterized by general leukocytosis on the 3.7th day, due to an increase in neutrophils, and a left-sided followed by a right-sided shift in the leukocyte formula.

According to the results of the study, it was found that the course of the inflammatory process was less pronounced in the group that received treatment.Leukocytosis with changes in the leukocyte formula of the first group of rabbits stabilized on the 10th day, in contrast to the second group that did not receive treatment. The course of the leukocytosis process was due to lymphocytopenia and an increase in the level of neutrophils, which alternated due to a previous increase in rod-shaped neutrophils, followed by a period of their decrease and an increase in the number of segmented neutrophils, which indicated the physiological course of the inflammatory process and the absence of the development of a septic process in the bodies of experimental animals.
COMMON CAUSES OF ABORTION IN COWS
Authors: Nyzhnyk B. Y. , Valchuk O. A. , Kataieva T. O. , Dreval D. V. , Derkach I. M.
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to determine the etiology of abortion in cows. The study was conducted in the period from 2019 to 2022. 162 cases of abortion from 65 farms from 14 regions of Ukraine were investigated. The study used pathological, histological, bacteriological and molecular genetic methods. The etiologic diagnosis was established in 24.07% of cases, the probable etiologic diagnosis in 29.01%, and the diagnosis of abortion of uncertain etiology in 46.91% of cases. Abortions with a definite etiology were caused by bacteria in 30.77% of cases, viruses in 10.26%, protozoa in 28.21%, and mixed infections in 30.77%. Abortions with established probable etiology were caused by bacteria in 10.64% of cases, viruses in 25.53%, protozoa in 34.04%, and mixed infections in 29.79%. The most common infectious agents are: BHV-4 was detected in 11, N. caninum - in 9, and Coxiella burnetii - in 6 regions of the country. Zoonotic pathogens such as Leptospira spp., Coxiella burnetii, Salmonella spp. Neospora caninum is the most common cause of cattle abortion. The most common pathological changes recorded were placental edema, liver irregularity, unevenly colored liver, cerebral hyperemia, multiple white streaks in skeletal muscles, gray-white foci in the liver, hemorrhages in/on internal organs, and placentitis. Also, a significant number of fetuses and/or placentas were in a state of autolysis. The main pathologic changes were encephalitis, gliosis, pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, myositis, hepatitis, pneumonia, and placentitis. Pathologic and pathohistologic examination of the fetus and placenta is important for establishing the etiology of abortion.
VERTICAL GREENING OF THE HISTORICAL PART OF KYIV
Authors: Bahatska O. M. , Snarovkina O. A.
Published: March 2024

The use of elements of vertical landscaping on streets that are the most visited and belong to the historical part of the city of Kyiv was studied. An inspection of the plants was carried out, the species composition was determined, the condition was assessed and groups were selected for decorative qualities. The results of the survey and assessment showed that decorative vines in these parts of the city are represented by 4 orders, 4 families, 5 genera, 8 species and one form. All species belong to the department of Angiosperms (Magnoliophyta). They are divided into perennial woody vines and annual herbaceous vines. It was found that not all the investigated historical streets of the city of Kyiv have elements of vertical landscaping. Having determined the general decorativeness, it can be stated that most plants have sufficient decorativeness and only a small percentage - insignificant. Based on the data of the researches, the division of creeping plants was carried out according to decorative qualities and it was established that the majority of vines are decorative leaves. There are fewer plants that are decorative with leaves and flowers, as well as those that are valued for their fruits. The age of the plants ranges from 5 years to 30 or more years. All plants are in satisfactory and good condition, but need constant care. For a more aesthetic appearance of plants against the background of buildings or structures, it is necessary to use more modern methods of vertical gardening. Comparing the number of plantings of thorny plants and plantings of trees and bushes, it was established that vertical landscaping is sufficient on certain streets, and on some streets it needs to be developed and improved.
INFLUENCE OF SHELTERBELTS OF DIFFERENT DESIGNS ON SOIL FERTILITY AND MOISTURE AVAILABILITY IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE
Authors: Shlapak V. P. , Zvorska N. V.
Published: March 2024

During 2020-2023, the authors studied nutrient reserves, namely the content of humus, mobile nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as the level of acidity in the soil layers of 0-20 and 20-50 cm in openwork-blowing, openwork, dense forest strips, determined the reserves of total and available moisture, the dynamics of productive moisture and moisture availability during the growing season in individual collective farms in the Uman district of Cherkasy region. Studies have shown that the humus content in forest strips of various designs ranges from 2.5 to 3.6%. That is, the humus content is low. The highest amount of humus was found in the openwork design of the forest belt. The pH level in the 0-20 cm soil layer ranges from 5.87 in the openwork-blown forest belt to 7.3 units in the dense one. The highest NO3 content is observed in the 20-50 cm soil layer in the openwork forest belt - 141.4 mg/kg. The P2O5 content in the lower soil layer ranges from 62.1 mg/kg to 142.0 mg/kg. The highest P2O5 content of 168.0 mg/kg was found in the 0-20 cm soil layer of the openwork-blow forest belt. The amount of K2O in the upper soil layer is the same for all variants, in the lower layer it varies from 73.3 to 91.0 mg/kg.

The openwork-blown forest belt has an available moisture reserve of 44.88 mm, the openwork belt - 51.03 mm, and the dense belt - 67.24 mm, which, compared to the dense forest belt, the moisture content of the openwork-blown belt is 33.27% lower and that of the openwork belt is 24.11% lower.

Investigating the dynamics of changes in moisture productivity and moisture availability during the growing season (May-October) in all variants of the experiment both in 0-20 cm and 0-50 cm soil layer, a significant decrease in these indicators is observed. Thus, in the openwork-blown forest strip in the 0-20 cm soil layer in May, from 68 mm and 78%, these indicators decreased in October to 17 mm and 18%, respectively, i.e., in terms of moisture productivity by 4 times and moisture availability by 4.3 times. This indicates that the productivity and moisture content of the experimental forest strips are much higher compared to the control (open field), where the moisture productivity is 42 mm and the moisture availability is 35%.

At a depth of up to 50 cm, the soil moisture content in the blown forest strips is one and a half to two times less than in the openwork forest strips. In favorable years, this difference in soil moisture remains throughout the growing season. The growth and development of tree species in the first half of the growing season (May-June) is carried out at the expense of moisture accumulated during snowmelt or winter rains in the lower soil layers. In the second half of the growing season, tree species receive moisture from summer precipitation that falls in late July and early August and accumulates in the upper soil layers.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PITCH OF THE TEETH AND THE AREA OF THE DEPTHS WITH THE FEED TO THE SAW TOOTH DURING CUTTING WOOD OF HARD LEAVED BREEDS
Authors: Sirko Z. , Protasov O. , Okhrimenko S. , Starysh E. , Torchilevskiy D. , Hrytsun V. , Nickel H.
Published: March 2024

The article covers issues related to the sawing of hard hardwoods.

In particular, attention is focused on the relationship between the pitch of the teeth and the area of the cavity with the feed per tooth of the frame saw.

It is noted that the physical, chemical, physico-mechanical and operational properties of hardwood differ significantly from coniferous and soft hardwood.

The wood of hard deciduous species has increased physical and mechanical indicators and has a beautiful texture, which makes it a valuable species of wood.

The physical, chemical, physico-mechanical and operational properties of hardwood hardwood are given.

It is shown that these properties of wood significantly affect its processing by cutting and determine certain requirements for the structural parameters of the wood-cutting tool.

Formulas are given for calculating the productivity of sawmill frames, the technical linear productivity of a frame saw and the productivity of one saw tooth.

It is noted that the feed per tooth of the frame saw depends on the shape of the cavity between the teeth, its area, as well as on the hardness of the teeth, their sharpness and the quality of the surface obtained during sawing.

Formulas for calculating the feed per saw tooth, the stress coefficient of the cavity, the largest height of the cut in the middle of the length of the log, the coefficient of chip compaction of the cavity, the area of the cavity and the reference value of the log are also given.

It is noted that when sawing hardwood, the size of the log reference depends on the pitch of the teeth and the coefficient of the cavity shape.

In the process of research, it was concluded that the amount of feed per tooth during sawing of hardwood should be lower by 24 - 29% compared to the amount of feed per tooth for pine.
Online Campaign Finance Regulation in Brazil: Turning Points and limitations
Authors: Grassi Amaro
Published: March 2024

In Brazil, Internet and social media have been long used by political parties and candidates to campaign, but it was only in 2017 that organic electoral advertising on social media, social media boosting and paid promotion in web search engines were included in the list of permitted electoral campaign expenditures. This was an encouraging move as it not only made an additional tool available for political actors to reach out to voters, but also obliged them to report on campaign spending using those tools. Based on the analysis of the online campaign finance ecosystem in Brazil, this case study lays out lessons learned and some considerations for the stakeholders. This case study is part of International IDEA’s Political Finance in the Digital Age project.
Impacto en la salud mental durante los primeros quince días de confinamiento por COVID-19 en Ecuador
Authors: Ochoa-Andrade Miguel , Recalde-Moreno Joao , Dueñas Iván , Basurto-Vera Leonardo , Orozco Fernanda , Álvarez Mayra , Sigchos Jorge , Zurita Heliana , Vizcaíno Ángel , Chancusig Alejandro , Pañega Mónica
Published: March 2024

Introducción. Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, varios países iniciaron confinamiento debido a la propagación viral en la población, con varias consecuencias mentales debido a esta medida. Objetivo. Determinar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en el personal de salud y población general durante los primeros quince días del confinamiento por COVID-19 en el Ecuador. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico. El 10 de mayo de 2020 (quince primeros días de confinamiento por COVID-19), se aplicaron encuestas con base a cuestionarios validados de BAI y BECK, con previo consentimiento informado a 500 profesionales de la salud rural y a población general (126 familias), para determinación de ansiedad y depresión. Se recolectaron variables sociodemográficas, toda la información fue recopilada en Microsoft Excel 2019. Se analizaron variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, se realizó un análisis bivariado y multivariado, se compararon modelos parsimoniosos y saturados, mediante el test de verosimilitud. Resultados. Se recolectó información de 421 personas, predominó el género femenino, la ansiedad y depresión con mayor frecuencia en población general, se encontró ansiedad en el 28,59% (n=117/421) y 27,77% (n=103/421) depresión en la población, las personas de la región costa y oriente reportaron menor probabilidad de presentar depresión versus la región sierra. Conclusión. Se evidenció que la sintomatología para ansiedad fue más frecuente en hombres y la depresión en mujeres. Se logró determinar que el 3,8% (n=16) y el 7,84% (n=33) correspondieron a niveles de depresión y ansiedad grave respectivamente.