bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible photoplethysmographic sensing devices for intelligent medical treatment
Authors: Wu Weitong , Wang Lili , Shen Guozhen
Published: November 2022

The beat frequency, flow rate, and oxygen content of human pulsating blood are important health indicators.
Solid additive-assisted morphology optimization enables efficient nonhalogen solvent-processed polymer solar cells
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Yang Hang , Fan Hongyu , Hu Kewei , Cao Haoyu , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang
Published: November 2022

A morphology controlling method is established for theo-xylene-processed PM6:Y6 blend film by applying BTBT or DTBDT as a solid additive, enabling improved photovoltaic performance for devices.
Stimuli-responsive helical polymeric particles with amplified circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Duan Huimin , Pan Hongkun , Li Jiawei , Qi Dongming
Published: November 2022

We fabricated stimuli-responsive solid particles with amplified circularly polarized luminescence based on a cis-transoidal helix, temperature-responsive and pH-responsive CPL properties.
The effect of normalisation and error model choice on the distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator for a biochemical reaction
Authors: Thomaseth Caterina , Radde Nicole E.
Published: November 2022

Sparse and noisy measurements make parameter estimation for biochemical reaction networks difficult and might lead to ill‐posed optimisation problems. This is potentiated if the data has to be normalised, and only fold changes rather than absolute amounts are available. Here, the authors consider the propagation of measurement noise to the distribution of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator in an in silico study. Therefore, a model of a reversible reaction is considered, for which reaction rate constants using fold changes is estimated. Noise propagation is analysed for different normalisation strategies and different error models. In particular, accuracy, precision, and asymptotic properties of the ML estimator is investigated. Results show that normalisation by the mean of a time series outperforms normalisation by a single time point in the example provided by the authors. Moreover, the error model with a heavy‐tail distribution is slightly more robust to large measurement noise, but, beyond this, the choice of the error model did not have a significant impact on the estimation results provided by the authors.
Multi-scale VLBI observations of the candidate host galaxy of GRB 200716C
Authors: Giarratana S. , Giroletti M. , Spingola C. , Migliori G. , Belladitta S. , Pedani M.
Published: November 2022

We present the discovery and the subsequent follow up of radio emission from SDSS J130402.36+293840.6 (J1304+2938), the candidate host galaxy of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB 200716C. The galaxy is detected in the RACS (0.89 GHz), the NVSS, the Apertif imaging survey, and the FIRST (1.4 GHz), the VLASS (3 GHz), and in public LOFAR (130–170 MHz), WISE (3.4–22 μm), and SDSS (z, i, r, g, ufilters) data. The luminosity inferred at 1.4 GHz is (5.1 ± 0.2) × 1030erg s−1Hz−1. To characterise the emission and distinguish between different components within the galaxy, we performed dedicated, high-sensitivity and high-resolution observations with the European VLBI Network (EVN) +e-MERLIN at 1.6 and 5 GHz. We did not detect any emission from a compact core, suggesting that the presence of a radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) is unlikely, and therefore we ascribe the emission observed in the public surveys to star-forming regions within the galaxy. We confirm and refine the redshift estimate,z = 0.341 ± 0.004, with a dedicated Telescopio NazionaleGalileo(TNG) spectroscopic observation. Finally, we compiled a list of all the known hosts of GRB afterglows detected in radio and computed the corresponding radio luminosity: if GRB 200716C belongs to J1304+2938, this is the third most radio-luminous host of a GRB, implying one of the highest star-formation rates (SFRs) currently known, namely SFR ∼ 324±61M⊙yr−1. On the other hand, through the analysis of the prompt emission light curve, recent works suggest that GRB 200716C might be a short-duration GRB located beyond J1304+2938 and gravitationally lensed by an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) hosted by the galaxy. Neither the public data nor our Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations can confirm or rule out the presence of an IMBH acting as a (milli-)lens hosted by the galaxy, a scenario still compatible with the set of radio observations presented in this work.
The Fifth Catalogue of Nearby Stars (CNS5)
Authors: Golovin Alex , Reffert Sabine , Just Andreas , Jordan Stefan , Vani Akash , Jahreiß Hartmut
Published: November 2022

Context. We present the compilation of the Fifth Catalogue of Nearby Stars (CNS5), based on astrometric and photometric data from Gaia EDR3 and HIPPARCOS and supplemented with parallaxes from ground-based astrometric surveys carried out in the infrared.

Aims. The aim of the CNS5 is to provide the most complete sample of objects in the solar neighbourhood. For all known stars and brown dwarfs in the 25 pc sphere around the Sun, basic astrometric and photometric parameters are given. Furthermore, we provide the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) and various luminosity functions of the stellar content in the solar neighbourhood, and characterise the completeness of the CNS5 catalogue.

Methods. We compiled a sample of stars and brown dwarfs that are most likely located within 25 pc of the Sun, taking space-based parallaxes from Gaia EDR3 and HIPPARCOS as well as ground-based parallaxes from Best et al. (2021, AJ, 161, 42), Kirkpatrick et al. (2021, ApJS, 253, 7), and from the CNS4 into account. We developed a set of selection criteria to clean the sample from spurious sources. Furthermore, we show that effects of blending in the Gaia photometry, which mainly affect the faint and red sources in Gaia, can be mitigated to reliably place those objects in a CMD. We also assessed the completeness of the CNS5 using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and derive observational optical and mid-infrared (MIR) luminosity functions for the main-sequence stars and white dwarfs (WDs) in the solar neighbourhood.

Results. The CNS5 contains 5931 objects, including 5230 stars (4946 main-sequence stars, 20 red giants and 264 white dwarfs) and 701 brown dwarfs. We find that the CNS5 catalogue is statistically complete down to 19.7 mag in the G-band and 11.8 mag in W1-band absolute magnitudes, corresponding to a spectral type of L8. The stellar number density in the solar neighbourhood is (7.99 ± 0.11) × 10−2 stars pc−3, and about 72% of stars in the solar neighbourhood are M dwarfs. Furthermore, we show that the WD sample in CNS5 is statistically complete within 25 pc. The derived number density of WDs is (4.03 ± 0.25) × 10−3 stars pc−3. The ratio between stars and brown dwarfs within 15 pc is 4.6 ± 0.4, whereas within 25 pc it is 7.5 ± 0.3. Thus, we estimate that about one third of brown dwarfs are still missing within 25 pc, particularly those with spectral types later than L8 and distances close to the 25 pc limit.
A high-accuracy SINS attitude update algorithm based on Legendre polynomial
Authors: YANG Xiaokang , YANG Hao , YAN Gongmin , LI Sihai
Published: November 2022

The large-acceleration motion of HFV (hypersonic flight vehicle), the high-speed rolling of spinning missile, and the large-maneuver flight of fighter aircraft has put forward higher performance demand for SINS (strapdown inertial navigation system). The high-accuracy positing will be realized under the high-dynamic maneuver environment after decreasing measurement error of IMU (inertial measurement unit), meanwhile the algorithm of SINS must be improved. The conventional algorithm calculates the flight attitude with determining the compensation term of coning error, after ignoring the high-order term of the Bortz equation. To improve the algorithm accuracy of SINS under high-dynamic maneuver environment, a high-accuracy algorithm, which uses Legendre polynomial to complete angular velocity function approximation and takes the numerical method of quaternion differential equation as core, is proposed herein. The high-order coning error is compensated in the numerical solving period in the proposed novel algorithm, because no approximation exists in deducing process. The attitude calculating simulations are finished in coning motion condition and high-dynamic maneuver condition respectively. Compared with the quadruple-cross-product compensation algorithm which has the highest accuracy at present, the attitude error of proposed algorithm is less than its 1/3 in coning motion condition. And algorithm accuracy is raised an order of magnitude under the high-dynamic maneuver environment. The high-accuracy algorithm based on Legendre polynomial has reference significance for accurate positing of future HFV, atomic gyroscope INS research and high-accuracy algorithm design of SINS.
Modeling, simulation, analysis and control of close formation flight
Authors: ZHENG Ruiping , SHI Jingping , QU Xiaobo
Published: November 2022

This paper focuses on the aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft close formation flight. The formation model for small unmanned aircraft is studied, and the disturbance of the wake induced velocity generated by the leader aircraft on the tail aircraft is analyzed. It is found that the lead aircraft has a significant effect on the lift and drag of the tail aircraft. It is also demonstrated that the aerodynamic characteristics of the tail plane can be improved when the following plane is in the proper position of the leader in formation flight. Precise position control of the tail plane in general flight operations is achieved under the influence of the tail vortex. Firstly, a model for the wake vortex of the leader was established, and then computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software was used to simulate the two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to verify the accuracy of the model. A control algorithm was designed to realize the stability of formation flight. Mathematical simulation and validation were performed. The designed control law is able to keep the tail plane in the appropriate position in the formation flight so that the tail plane is subjected to the maximum lift.
Analysis on flow characteristics and aerodynamic-force-induced vibration of supersonic rocket-sled
Authors: YU Yuanyuan , WANG Fangyuan , WANG Bin , SUN Jianhong , XU Changyue , SUN Zhi
Published: November 2022

目前, 火箭橇试验是飞行器空气动力学重要试验手段, 然而强烈的地面与轨道干扰会影响试验的精度, 甚至导致试验失败。采用尺度自适应SAS方法和基于铺层算法的动网格技术对不同马赫数下的超声速火箭橇滑行过程进行数值模拟, 探究了超声速火箭橇的气动力致振机理。采用了数值风洞模拟方法对超声速火箭橇无限空间绕流和仅包含地面的橇体绕流进行仿真, 分析了不同环境条件下的激波特征。结果表明: 超声速火箭橇的头激波传播至轨道和地面时会发生激波反射, 反射激波的存在会导致超声速火箭橇产生升力, 并带来阻力的略微增加; 反射激波与轨道扣件的周期性碰撞使得其尾迹区具有非定常特征; 火箭橇的气动力激励振动频率与尾迹波动频率一致, 即气动力激励振动对非定常尾迹具有锁频现象。此外, 压力信号的功率谱密度分析表明气动力激励振动存在谐声现象, 这与锁频现象密切相关。
Nonlinear free vibration analysis of Timoshenko beams with porous functionally graded materials
Authors: TENG Zhaochun , MA Lingquan , FU Xiaohua
Published: November 2022

基于Timoshenko梁变形理论研究多孔功能梯度材料梁的非线性自由振动问题。针对多孔功能梯度材料梁的孔隙均匀分布和孔隙线性分布2种形式, 根据广义Hamilton原理推导多孔功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁的非线性自由振动的控制微分方程组并对方程组进行无量纲化。采用微分变换法(DTM)对各种边界条件下的控制微分方程组进行变换, 得到等价代数特征方程。计算了多孔功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁在固支-固支(C-C)、固支-简支(C-S)、简支-简支(S-S)和固支-自由(C-F)4种边界条件下非线性横向自由振动的无量纲固有频率比值。将其退化为无孔隙功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁的非线性自由振动后, 所得非线性无量纲固有频率比值与已有文献的计算结果进行对照, 验证了文中方法的有效性和正确性, 讨论了边界条件、孔隙率、细长比和梯度指数对多孔功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁非线性无量纲固有频率比值的影响。
PROMELA based formal verification for safety-critical software
Authors: XING Liang , DING Chengjun , DU Hupeng , MA Chunyan
Published: November 2022

聚焦安全关键软件, 研究基于PROMELA形式模型验证C程序中违反断言、数组越界、空指针解引用、死锁及饥饿等5类故障技术。建立C程序抽象语法树节点到PROMELA模型, 验证属性相关函数到PROMELA模型的2类映射规则; 根据映射规则提出由C程序自动生成PROMELA形式模型的算法, 并对算法进行理论分析; 针对C程序中5种故障类型, 分别给出基于PROMELA模型的形式化验证方法, 并分析验证的范围; 覆盖各类故障的验证范围, 为每类故障类型选取12个C程序案例进行实证研究, 实验结果证明了方法的有效性。
Mönchspfeffer: Kritische Notizen zur Arzneipflanze
des Jahres 2022
Authors: Niedenthal Tobias , Uehleke Bernhard , Puchtler Elke
Published: November 2022

Der Mönchspfeffer hat eine bewegte Geschichte mit zahlreichen Namen und erlebt in
Europa mittlerweile seine dritte Blüte. Schon vor 2500 Jahren wurde er in der
Frauenheilkunde eingesetzt, heute der fast exklusive Fachbereich. Trotz der langen
Tradition gibt es aber nach wie vor einige offene Fragen und auch
Widersprüche.
Im Gespräch
Authors: Börner Doris , Zohmann Andreas
Published: November 2022

Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser,

vor kurzem kam eine Leserin auf die Redaktion zu, mit Fragen wegen des
verzögerten Erscheinens der diesjährigen Hands on. Daraus
entwickelte sich dann zu guter Letzt ein wunderbares Gespräch mit einem
äußerst interessanten Austausch. Wir sprachen u. a.
darüber, was ihr an der Hands on besonders gefällt, was
wichtig ist – und was nicht. Sowie über die Themen, die sie
vorwiegend interessieren und welche bisherigen Beiträge sie in der Praxis
weitergebracht haben. Außerdem kamen auch Ideen zur Vorstellung
möglicher Praxisfälle zur Sprache.
„Landmarks“ am Hund – Lokalisierung und
Bedeutung tastbarer Knochenpunkte
Authors: Zohmann-Sorger Lisa
Published: November 2022

Nichts im Körper entsteht durch Zufall. In der Entwicklung des Knochens
bilden sich Höcker, Knorren, Vorsprünge und Fortsätze
durch auf ihn einwirkende Zug- und Druckkräfte. Solche markanten
tastbaren Knochenpunkte stellen somit nicht nur zentrale Schnittstellen im
Bewegungsablauf dar. Ihre sichere Lokalisation im Untersuchungsgang kann in der
Befunderhebung eine große Hilfestellung leisten.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Postpandemic, Not Post-COVID-19
Authors: Ketai Loren , Febbo Jennifer , Busby Hellen K. , Sheehan Elyce B.
Published: November 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic upended our approach to imaging community-acquired pneumonia, and this will alter our diagnostic algorithms for years to come. In light of these changes, it is worthwhile to consider several postpandemic scenarios of community-acquired pneumonia: (1) patient with pneumonia and recent positive COVID-19 testing; (2) patient with air space opacities and history of prior COVID-19 pneumonia (weeks earlier); (3) multifocal pneumonia with negative or unknown COVID-19 status; and (4) lobar or sublobar pneumonia with negative or unknown COVID-19 status. In the setting of positive COVID-19 testing and typical radiologic findings, the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia is generally secure. The diagnosis prompts vigilance for thromboembolic disease acutely and, in severely ill patients, for invasive fungal disease. Persistent or recurrent air space opacities following COVID-19 infection may more often represent organizing pneumonia than secondary infection. When COVID-19 status is unknown or negative, widespread airway-centric disease suggests infection with mycoplasma, Haemophilus influenzae, or several respiratory viruses. Necrotizing pneumonia favors infection with pneumococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and anaerobes. Lobar or sublobar pneumonia will continue to suggest the diagnosis of pneumococcus or consideration of other pathogens in the setting of local outbreaks. A positive COVID-19 test accompanied by these imaging patterns may suggest coinfection with one of the above pathogens, or when the prevalence of COVID-19 is very low, a false positive COVID-19 test. Clinicians may still proceed with testing for COVID-19 when radiologic patterns are atypical for COVID-19, dependent on the patient's exposure history and the local epidemiology of the virus.
Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: Lee Elizabeth , Kazerooni Ella A.
Published: November 2022

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in the United States and globally with the majority of lung cancer cases attributable to cigarette smoking. Given the high societal and personal cost of a diagnosis of lung cancer including that most cases of lung cancer when diagnosed are found at a late stage, work over the past 40 years has aimed to detect lung cancer earlier when curative treatment is possible. Screening trials using chest radiography and sputum failed to show a reduction in lung cancer mortality however multiple studies using low dose CT have shown the ability to detect lung cancer early and a survival benefit to those screened. This review will discuss the history of lung cancer screening, current recommendations and screening guidelines, and implementation and components of a lung cancer screening program.
Characterization of solution grown 3D polycrystalline methylammonium lead tribromide for x-ray detection
Authors: Tan Ryan , Charest Jessica , Dryzhakov Bogdan , Busch Chris , Drouet Lance , Hu Bin , Ahmadi Mahshid , Lukosi Eric
Published: November 2022

Solution grown metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are a class of low-cost, direct conversion semiconducting materials with the potential to meet the need for large areas, high stopping power, and high sensitivity x-ray detectors. While polycrystalline MHP thin films have shown significant potential for meeting this need, their efficiencies for detecting x rays are limited by their thickness. This article presents an MHP variant, methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPB) in the form of 3D polycrystalline mosaic wafers with relatively high hole transport properties that demonstrated stable sensitivity during irradiation. An expedited and efficient detector fabrication method that did not include polishing or sintering was evaluated, and a radiograph of a brass key was produced using electron collection from the resulting wafer. However, a high dose rate was required due to very low sensitivity values. The effects of surface inhomogeneity and radiation damage were investigated as explanatory factors, and these phenomena were further characterized through IV measurements, current response as a function of electric field and x-ray dose rate, and alpha particle irradiation. The results indicated that although compromising surface quality for fabrication efficiency was the primary hindrance to the x-ray detection performance of 3D polycrystalline MAPB, stable performance could still be achieved under reasonable dose rates.
On the theory of the spin I = 1/2 double quantum NMR: Effects of spins spatial displacements between RF pulses
Authors: Brekotkin I. V. , Fatkullin N. F. , Lindt K. , Mattea C. , Stapf S.
Published: November 2022

Spatial displacements of spins between radio frequency pulses in a Double-Quantum (DQ) nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence generate additional terms in the effective DQ Hamiltonian. We derive a simple expression that allows the estimation and control of these contributions to the initial rise of the DQ build up function by variation of experimental parameters in systems performing anomalous diffusion. The application of polymers is discussed.
New insights into the early stage nucleation of calcium carbonate gels by reactive molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Qin Ling , Mao Xingtai , Cui Yifei , Bao Jiuwen , Sant Gaurav , Chen Tiefeng , Zhang Peng , Gao Xiaojian , Bauchy Mathieu
Published: November 2022

The precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a key mechanism in carbon capture applications relying on mineralization. In that regard, Ca-rich cementitious binders offer a unique opportunity to act as a large-scale carbon sink by immobilizing CO2 as calcium carbonate by mineralization. However, the atomistic mechanism of calcium carbonate formation is still not fully understood. Here, we study the atomic scale nucleation mechanism of an early stage amorphous CaCO3 gel based on reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We observe that reactive MD offers a notably improved description of this reaction as compared to classical MD, which allows us to reveal new insights into the structure of amorphous calcium carbonate gels and formation kinetics thereof.
Convergence of series expansions in rovibrational configuration interaction (RVCI) calculations
Authors: Tschöpe Martin , Rauhut Guntram
Published: November 2022

Rotational and rovibrational spectra are a key in astrophysical studies, atmospheric science, pollution monitoring, and other fields of active research. The ab initio calculation of such spectra is fairly sensitive with respect to a multitude of parameters and all of them must be carefully monitored in order to yield reliable results. Besides the most obvious ones, i.e., the quality of the multidimensional potential energy surface and the vibrational wavefunctions, it is the representation of the μ-tensor within the Watson Hamiltonian, which has a significant impact on the desired line lists or simulated spectra. Within this work, we studied the dependence of high-resolution rovibrational spectra with respect to the truncation order of the μ-tensor within the rotational contribution and the Coriolis coupling operator of the Watson operator. Moreover, the dependence of the infrared intensities of the rovibrational transitions on an n-mode expansion of the dipole moment surface has been investigated as well. Benchmark calculations are provided for thioformaldehyde, which has already served as a test molecule in other studies and whose rovibrational spectrum was found to be fairly sensitive. All calculations rely on rovibrational configuration interaction theory and the discussed high-order terms of the μ-tensor are a newly implemented feature, whose theoretical basics are briefly discussed.
Identification of aceNKPs, a committed common progenitor population of the ILC1 and NK cell continuum
Authors: Rodriguez-Rodriguez Noe , Clark Paula A. , Gogoi Mayuri , Ferreira Ana C. F. , Kerscher Bernhard , Crisp Alastair , Jolin Helen E. , Murphy Jane E. , Sivasubramaniam Meera , Pedro Luisa , Walker Jennifer A. , Heycock Morgan W. D. , Shields Jacqueline D. , Barlow Jillian L. , McKenzie Andrew N. J.
Published: November 2022

The development of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) transcription factor reporter mice has shown a previously unexpected complexity in ILC hematopoiesis. Using novel polychromic mice to achieve higher phenotypic resolution, we have characterized bone marrow progenitors that are committed to the group 1 ILC lineage. These common ILC1/NK cell progenitors (ILC1/NKP), which we call "aceNKPs", are defined as lineage
–
Id2
+
IL-7Rα
+
CD25
–
α4β7
–
NKG2A/C/E
+
Bcl11b
–
. In vitro, aceNKPs differentiate into group 1 ILCs, including NK-like cells that express Eomes without the requirement for IL-15, and produce IFN-γ and perforin upon IL-15 stimulation. Following reconstitution of

Rag2
–/–
Il2rg
–/–

hosts, aceNKPs give rise to a spectrum of mature ILC1/NK cells (regardless of their tissue location) that cannot be clearly segregated into the traditional ILC1 and NK subsets, suggesting that group 1 ILCs constitute a dynamic continuum of ILCs that can develop from a common progenitor. In addition, aceNKP-derived ILC1/NK cells effectively ameliorate tumor burden in a model of lung metastasis, where they acquired a cytotoxic NK cell phenotype. Our results identify the primary ILC1/NK progenitor that lacks ILC2 or ILC3 potential and is strictly committed to ILC1/NK cell production irrespective of tissue homing.
Chameleon screening in cosmic voids
Authors: Tamosiunas Andrius , Briddon Chad , Burrage Clare , Cutforth Alan , Moss Adam , Vincent Thomas
Published: November 2022

A key goal in cosmology in the upcoming decade will be to form a better understanding of
the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Upcoming surveys, such as the Vera C. Rubin
Observatory's 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), Euclid and the Square Killometer
Array (SKA) will deliver key datasets required to tackle this and other puzzles in contemporary
cosmology. With this data, constraints of unprecedented power will be put on different models of
dark energy and modified gravity. In this context it is crucial to understand how screening
mechanisms, which hide the deviations of these theories from the predictions of general relativity
in local experiments, affect structure formation. In this work we approach this problem by using a
combination of analytic and numerical methods to describe chameleon screening in the context of
cosmic voids. We apply a finite element method (FEM) code, SELCIE, to solve the chameleon equation
of motion for a number of void profiles derived from observational data and simulations. The
obtained results indicate a complex relationship between the properties of cosmic voids and the
size of the chameleon acceleration of a test particle. We find that the fifth force on a test
particle in a void is primarily related to the depth and the inner density gradient of the
void. For realistic void profiles, the obtained chameleon-to-Newtonian acceleration ratios range
between aϕ
/aNewt
≈ 10-6– 10-5. However, it should be noted that in
unusually deep voids with large inner density gradients, the acceleration ratios can be
significantly higher. Similarly, other chameleon models, such as f(R) Hu-Sawicki theory allow
for significantly higher acceleration ratios. Given these results, we also discuss the optimal
density profiles for detecting the fifth force in the upcoming observational surveys.
Investigation of material properties using acoustic emission
Authors: Binar T , Zimáková J , Šafl P
Published: November 2022

This paper discusses the possibility of using acoustic emission to evaluate the effect of corrosion in grey cast iron. Experimental samples were fabricated and subjected to corrosion attack in condensation chamber for 7 days. Acoustic emission recordings were taken throughout the corrosion exposure period. The results are complemented by metallographic analysis.
Mathematical and physical analysis of air compression waste heat dissipation used as energy storage
Authors: Maxa J
Published: November 2022

As part of the research in the field of pumping vacuum chambers in the Environmental Electron Microscope, research on supersonic flow through apertures is being carried out at the Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology of the Brno University of Technology in cooperation with the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS. This research, which deals with gas compression and expansion, utilizes this experience in the paper that deals with the issue of gas heating during compression when filling a storage tank as an energy storage device. This heating of the gas is a loss relative to the stored energy and there is an interest in limiting this heating or using this heat in other ways. This paper deals with limiting the heating of compressed air when filling a storage tank as energy storage.
Extraction of microRNA–target interaction sentences from biomedical literature by deep learning approach
Authors: Luo Mengqi , Li Shangfu , Pang Yuxuan , Yao Lantian , Ma Renfei , Huang Hsi-Yuan , Huang Hsien-Da , Lee Tzong-Yi
Published: November 2022

MicroRNA (miRNA)–target interaction (MTI) plays a substantial role in various cell activities, molecular regulations and physiological processes. Published biomedical literature is the carrier of high-confidence MTI knowledge. However, digging out this knowledge in an efficient manner from large-scale published articles remains challenging. To address this issue, we were motivated to construct a deep learning-based model. We applied the pre-trained language models to biomedical text to obtain the representation, and subsequently fed them into a deep neural network with gate mechanism layers and a fully connected layer for the extraction of MTI information sentences. Performances of the proposed models were evaluated using two datasets constructed on the basis of text data obtained from miRTarBase. The validation and test results revealed that incorporating both PubMedBERT and SciBERT for sentence level encoding with the long short-term memory (LSTM)-based deep neural network can yield an outstanding performance, with both F1 and accuracy being higher than 80% on validation data and test data. Additionally, the proposed deep learning method outperformed the following machine learning methods: random forest, support vector machine, logistic regression and bidirectional LSTM. This work would greatly facilitate studies on MTI analysis and regulations. It is anticipated that this work can assist in large-scale screening of miRNAs, thereby revealing their functional roles in various diseases, which is important for the development of highly specific drugs with fewer side effects. Source code and corpus are publicly available at https://github.com/qi29.
Early snow melt and diverging thermal constraints control body size in arctic–alpine spiders
Authors: Wehner Alessa , Hein Nils , Beckers Niklas , Dobbert Svenja , Pape Roland , Löffler Jörg
Published: November 2022

To predict species’ responses to a rapidly changing environment, it is necessary to detect current clines of life-history traits and understand their drivers. We studied body size variation, a key trait in evolutionary biology, of two arctic–alpine lycosid spiders and underlying mechanisms controlling this variation. We used long time-series data of body size of spiders sampled in Norway, augmented with museum data. Individuals of both species sampled in areas and years with longer snow-free periods grew larger than individuals in areas and years with shorter snow-free periods. Interestingly, temperatures below 0 °C led to a larger body size in Pardosa palustris, while temperatures above 0 °C led to a larger body size in Pardosa hyperborea. We assume that P. palustris, as the generally larger species, is less sensitive to environmental variability and low temperatures, because it can retain more energy compared with a smaller species and, therefore, can invest more resources in its offspring. With rising temperatures, both species might profit from a higher resource availability. In a rapidly changing arctic–alpine environment, alterations in the life-history traits and adaptation strategies of spiders are expected, which, regarding body size, seem to be highly influenced by early snowmelt and diverging thermal constraints.
Left ventricular non-compaction in paediatrics: a novel semi-automated imaging technique bridging imaging findings and clinical outcomes
Authors: Tadros Hanna J , Doan Tam T , Pednekar Amol S , Masand Prakash M , Spinner Joseph A , Schlingmann Tobias R , Pignatelli Ricardo , Noel Cory V , Wilkinson James C
Published: November 2022

Aims

We set out to design a reliable, semi-automated, and quantitative imaging tool using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging that captures LV trabeculations in relation to the morphologic endocardial and epicardial surface, or perimeter-derived ratios, and assess its diagnostic and prognostic utility.

Methods and results

We queried our institutional database between January 2008 and December 2018. Non-compacted (NC)-to-compacted (C) (NC/C) myocardium ratios were calculated and our tool was used to calculate fractal dimension (FD), total mass ratio (TMR), and composite surface ratios (SRcomp). NC/C, FD, TMR, and SRcomp were assessed in relation to LVNC diagnosis and outcomes. Univariate hazard ratios with cut-offs were performed using clinically significant variables to find ‘at-risk’ patients and imaging parameters were compared in ‘at-risk’ patients missed by Petersen Index (PI). Ninety-six patients were included. The average time to complete the semi-automated measurements was 3.90 min (SEM: 0.06). TMR, SRcomp, and NC/C were negatively correlated with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and positively correlated with indexed LV end-systolic volumes (iLVESVs), with TMR showing the strongest correlation with LVEF (−0.287; P = 0.005) and SRcomp with iLVESV (0.260; P = 0.011). We found 29 ‘at-risk’ patients who were classified as non-LVNC by PI and hence, were missed. When compared with non-LVNC and ‘low-risk’ patients, only SRcomp differentiated between both groups (1.91 SEM 0.03 vs. 1.80 SEM 0.03; P = 0.019).

Conclusion

This method of semi-automatic calculation of SRcomp captured changes in at-risk patients missed by standard methods, was strongly correlated with LVEF and LV systolic volumes and may better capture outcome events.
Left ventricular anatomy in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: beyond basal septal hypertrophy
Authors: Hermida Uxio , Stojanovski David , Raman Betty , Ariga Rina , Young Alistair A , Carapella Valentina , Carr-White Gerry , Lukaschuk Elena , Piechnik Stefan K , Kramer Christopher M , Desai Milind Y , Weintraub William S , Neubauer Stefan , Watkins Hugh , Lamata Pablo
Published: November 2022

Aims

Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (oHCM) is characterized by dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT). Although this may be mediated by interplay between the hypertrophied septal wall, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and papillary muscle abnormalities, the mechanistic role of LV shape is still not fully understood. This study sought to identify the LV end-diastolic morphology underpinning oHCM.

Methods and results

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance images from 2398 HCM individuals were obtained as part of the NHLBI HCM Registry. Three-dimensional LV models were constructed and used, together with a principal component analysis, to build a statistical shape model capturing shape variations. A set of linear discriminant axes were built to define and quantify (Z-scores) the characteristic LV morphology associated with LVOT obstruction (LVOTO) under different physiological conditions and the relationship between LV phenotype and genotype. The LV remodelling pattern in oHCM consisted not only of basal septal hypertrophy but a combination with LV lengthening, apical dilatation, and LVOT inward remodelling. Salient differences were observed between obstructive cases at rest and stress. Genotype negative cases showed a tendency towards more obstructive phenotypes both at rest and stress.

Conclusions

LV anatomy underpinning oHCM consists of basal septal hypertrophy, apical dilatation, LV lengthening, and LVOT inward remodelling. Differences between oHCM cases at rest and stress, as well as the relationship between LV phenotype and genotype, suggest different mechanisms for LVOTO. Proposed Z-scores render an opportunity of redefining management strategies based on the relationship between LV anatomy and LVOTO.
Coordinated Work Schedules and the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Cubas German , Juhn Chinhui , Silos Pedro
Published: November 2022

This paper studies how coordinated work schedules across jobs contribute to the gender wage gap. Using US time diary data, we construct occupation-level measures of coordinated schedules. Higher coordination is associated with higher wages and a larger gender wage gap. Empirically, women with children allocate more time to household care and are penalised for missing work during peak hours. An equilibrium occupational choice model generates a gender wage gap of 8.9%; most of the gender wage gap is within occupations. If coordination is set to the value of healthcare support across all occupations, the within-occupation gender gap halves.
Health status and cognitive function for risk stratification in chronic coronary and peripheral artery disease
Authors: Smolderen Kim G , Mena-Hurtado Carlos , Eikelboom John W , Bosch Jackie , Xie Feng , Ramasundarahettige Chinthanie , Bhatt Deepak L , Anand Sonia S
Published: November 2022

Background and aims

It is unclear whether health status and cognitive function assessments can augment traditional coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD) biomedical risk prediction frameworks. We examined the association between health status and cognitive function and subsequent adverse cardiovascular and limb events in CAD and PAD.

Methods and results

Stable CAD and PAD patients from the international, multi-centre COMPASS trial completed the visual analogue scale (VAS) of the EQ-5D-3L to assess overall health status, and the Digit Symbol Substitution test (DSST) to assess cognitive function. Main outcomes were incident development of major adverse cardiovascular events, and the combined endpoint major adverse cardiovascular or limb events. The EQ VAS (per 10 unit increase) and DSST (per 5 unit increase) were added to fully adjusted (medications, demographics, cardiovascular history and risk factors) hierarchical Cox regression models. A total of 23 433 patients were in the CAD cohort and 6899 in the PAD cohort. Among both the CAD and PAD groups, higher scores on the EQ VAS (CAD: HR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.88–0.89; PAD HR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.88–0.89) and DSST (CAD HR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.94–0.95) (PAD HR = 0.95, 95%CI 0.94–0.95) were associated with a lower risk of a major adverse cardiovascular or limb events. Population attributable risks associated with the lower two quartiles vs. upper quartiles for the EQ-5D and DSST scores were 7% and 16%, respectively in the CAD cohort; and for PAD, at 14% and 18%, respectively.

Conclusions

Adding health status and cognitive functioning information to biomedical evaluations can augment cardiovascular risk-stratification in CAD and PAD.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT01776424
Political Apologies for Historical Injustices: Engaging with Questions of Power, Utility, and Impact
Authors: Karn Alexander
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the special forum is to analyze political apologies through a variety of critical lenses in order to evaluate their efficacy for conflict mediation and redress of historical injustice. The proliferation of group apologies in the 1990s and 2000s led some scholars to herald the arrival of an “age of apology.” However, the task of assessing the impacts of these apologies and gauging their potential for fostering reconciliation has remained unfinished. The scholarship has been characterized by alternating currents of idealism and realism, but much of the work has been intuitive rather than empirical, and there is little agreement as to the evaluative criteria. With these papers, we take stock of what has been learned about political apologies, and we seek new avenues for exploration. Critics are right to question the unequal power structures that apologies sometimes reinforce, and it is important to understand how apologies leave crucial aspects of injustice untouched. At the same time, the prevalence of apologies in international affairs and the propensity of both perpetrators and victims to seek acknowledgment through the discourse of apologies suggest that continued study of apologies is warranted. Probing the performative aspects of apologies and dissecting their contradictions does not foreclose the possibility of their also having value for improving intergroup relationships, deepening historical understanding, and enacting justice, for example, by strengthening demands for reparations. Nor should we abandon efforts to understand what moral substance these apologies may convey, simply because we have seen how they can be cynically manipulated.
Development and Validation of a Green Stability-Indicating HPTLC Method for Estimation of Curcumin, Gallic Acid, and Ursolic Acid From Polyherbal Formulation Jatyadi Taila
Authors: Patel Meghana N , Nandpal Manish N , Patel Archita J , Raval Manan A , Patel Samir G
Published: November 2022

Background

Jatyadi taila (JT) is a well-known Ayurvedic wound-healing product, comprising 16 different medicinally important plants, including Curcuma longa, Terminalia chebula, and Jasminum officinale.

Objective

The proposed work discusses the development and validation of the green and economical stability-indicating HPTLC method for quantification of the key marker phytoconstituents, curcumin (CUR), gallic acid (GA), and ursolic acid (UA), from JT.

Method

Quality standard parameters for JT were determined following standard procedures. The marker constituents CUR, GA, and UA were resolved from JT using toluene–ethyl acetate–formic acid (6:2:1, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and subsequently derivatized to estimate UA. The developed plates were subjected to HPTLC-MS analysis. All constituents were subjected to forced degradation to determine the proposed technique’s stability-indicating property and the accelerated stability studies of marketed formulation and marker constituents. Greenness evaluation of the method was aided by the AGREE methodology.

Results

The Rf values of CUR, GA, and UA were found to be 0.60 and 0.60; 0.27 and 0.28; and 0.74 and 0.77 from reference standard and oil samples respectively, when analyzed at 366 nm, 290 nm, and 366 nm, respectively. HPTLC-MS was carried out to verify the active constituents present in JT. The constituents followed first-order degradation kinetics. The quantity of CUR, GA, and UA in JT was reduced at the end of accelerated stability studies. The developed approach was validated in compliance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Q2 (R2) guideline.

Conclusions

Among the chosen key markers, GA was highly unstable during forced degradation. JT should be stored at a controlled temperature using more protective packaging material to ensure its quality and efficacy.

Highlights

The developed method can be used as a quality control tool for JT as it can be used to determine the stability of the key marker compounds the herbal formulation.
The regulatory role of BMP4 in testicular Sertoli cells of Tibetan sheep
Authors: Ma Keyan , Chen Nana , Wang Huihui , Li Qiao , Shi Huibin , Su Manchun , Zhang Yong , Ma Youji , Li Taotao
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) gene in the testes of Tibetan sheep and its role in the blood–testis barrier (BTB). First, we cloned BMP4 gene for bioinformatics analysis, and detected the mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP4 in the testes of Tibetan sheep pre-puberty (3-mo-old), during sexual maturity (1-yr-old), and in adulthood (3-yr-old) by qRT-PCR and Western blot. In addition, the subcellular localization of BMP4 was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Next, BMP4 overexpression and silencing vectors were constructed and transfected into primary Sertoli cells (SCs) to promote and inhibit the proliferation of BMP4, respectively. Then, CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation effect of SCs. The expression of BMP4 and downstream genes, pathway receptors, tight junction-related proteins, and cell proliferation and apoptosis-related genes in SCs were studied using qRT-PCR and Western blot. The results revealed that the relative expression of BMP4 mRNA and protein in testicular tissues of 1Y group and 3Y group was dramatically higher than that of 3M group (P < 0.01), and BMP4 protein is mainly located in SCs and Leydig cells at different development stages. The CDS region of the Tibetan sheep BMP4 gene was 1,229 bp. CCK-8 results demonstrated that the proliferation rate of BMP4 was significantly increased in the overexpression group (pc-DNA-3.1(+)-BMP4; P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of SMAD5, BMPR1A, and BMPR1B and tight junction-related proteins Claudin11, Occludin, and ZO1 were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of cell proliferation-related gene Bcl2 was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05), and the expression of GDNF was enhanced (P > 0.05). The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes Caspase3 and Bax decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of cell cycle-related genes CyclinA2 and CDK2 increased significantly (P < 0.05). It is worth noting that the opposite results were observed after transfection with si-BMP4. In summary, what should be clear from the results reported here is that BMP4 affects testicular development by regulating the Sertoli cells and BTB, thereby modulating the spermatogenesis of Tibetan sheep.
Left atrial appendage aneurysm resection following the onset of a cardiogenic stroke: a case report
Authors: Isa Hideki , Nakatsu Tomoki , Kimura Fumiaki
Published: November 2022

A left atrial appendage aneurysm (LAAA) is a rare congenital or acquired anomaly that often causes fatal complications. Although many reports recommend surgical resection for treatment, there is no clear definition of LAAA. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment are ambiguous. A 73-year-old woman with cardiogenic stroke was admitted to our hospital because of a suspected LAAA as the source of the embolus. She was incidentally diagnosed with LAAA seven years ago, which was managed with continuous anticoagulation therapy, although atrial fibrillation was not observed. The patient underwent aneurysm resection, and the postoperative course was uneventful.As LAAA symptoms are nonspecific, careful observation is required when LAAA is suspected. The risks associated with surgery are generally low and the surgical outcome is good; however, even with appropriate medical therapy, fatal complications can occur. Therefore, surgical resection of the LAAA should be considered even in asymptomatic patients, considering the low surgical risk.
A closer look at NGC 7314 nuclear region: a multiwavelength analysis of the Seyfert nucleus and its surroundings
Authors: da Silva Patrícia , Menezes R B , Díaz Y , Rodríguez-Ardila A , López-Navas E , Arévalo P , Hernández-García L
Published: November 2022

The central regions of galaxies harbouring active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be quite complex, especially at high activity, presenting, besides variability, a variety of phenomena related, e.g. to ionization/excitation mechanisms. A detailed study is necessary in order to understand better those objects. For that reason, we performed a multiwavelength analysis of the nuclear region of the nearby Seyfert galaxy NGC 7314, using an optical data cube obtained with the Integral Field Unit from the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph, together with Hubble Space Telescope images, X-ray data from the XMM–Newton and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array and radio data from Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. The goals were to study the nuclear and circumnuclear emission, the emission of the AGN and the gas kinematics. The optical spectrum shows the emission of a Seyfert nucleus, with broad components in the H α and H β emission lines, characterising a type 1 AGN, with a spectrum rich in coronal emission lines. The spatial morphology of the [O iii] λ5007 suggests the presence of an ionization cone, west of the nucleus, meanwhile the east cone seems to be obscured by dust. An extended [Fe vii] λ6087 emission was also detected, which could be possibly explained by a scenario involving photoionization + shocks mechanisms. X-rays analyses showed that there are variations in the flux; however, we did not detect any variations in the column density along the line of sight. Its variability may be a consequence of changes in the AGN accretion rate.
Fundamental properties of red giants from Kepler and Gaia DR3 data: diagnostic potential of the mass–metallicity diagram
Authors: Yıldız M
Published: November 2022

For solar-like oscillators, the asteroseismic relations connect the stellar mean density and surface gravity to observable properties of the oscillations. Since the space missions CoRoT and Kepler, the asteroseismic relations have been massively employed out of their theoretical domain of validity, that is the main-sequence solar-type stars, in particular for red giant stars. However, despite a surprisingly good performance of the asteroseismic relation with red giant stars, they are biased and attempts to parametrize the departure of the relations for evolved stars have been the subject of many recent efforts. In this study, we propose a new parametrization of the asteroseismic relations for red giants of radii up to ${\sim } 50\, \mathrm{R}_\odot$, based on a calibration performed with Gaia parallax data. We find that the asteroseismic scaling relations depend on metallicity and effective temperature. For this solution, we obtain a parallax offset of about −0.026 ± 0.001 mas, and radius ranges from 3.8 to 53.2 R⊙. Most stars have masses that range from 0.9 to 1.7 M⊙, with the star count peaking around 1.2 M⊙. We also use data of the eclipsing binaries with solar-like oscillating components for calibration and discuss the diagnostic potential of the mass–metallicity diagram for our understanding of the evolution of red giants and the chemodynamics of the Galactic disc. Using this diagram, we identify stars that lost and gained mass and estimate the minimum change in mass.