bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plano Educacional Individualizado para alunos com altas habilidades: Uma questão de avaliar Estratégias na Escola Regular
Authors: Silva Débora Dos Santos , Braga Irineide Beserra , Lira Petrucya Frazão
Published: April 2015

O artigo pretende trazer à tona o debate acerca da importância de identificar os alunos com altas habilidades e aplicar/avaliar estratégias, em particular, o plano educacional individualizado para estes alunos dentro da escola regular, no intuito de possibilitar o crescimento adequado desta clientela no que diz respeito aos aspectos cognitivos, físicos, afetivos e emocionais. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica, onde recorreu-se aos teóricos que especificam o que são as altas habilidades, quais suas necessidades no ambiente escolar e como atender a estas necessidades. Neste sentido, pôde-se perceber a dificuldade de se implantar uma cultura de identificação de tais alunos em virtude de mitos criados em torno das pessoas com altas habilidades e devido a problemas de adaptação e de assincronia que muitos destes estudantes enfrentam no contexto educacional. Conclui-se que atinar para as necessidades educacionais de alunos com altas habilidades é responsabilidade da escola regular que se propõe inclusiva e favorecedora do pleno desenvolvimento de seu alunado.
Saúde e Espiritualidade: As Narrativas Profissionais na Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Barros Júnior Josué , Barbosa Rayanne De Sousa , Luna Neto Raimundo Tavares de , Tavares Natália Bastos Ferreira , Freitas Kerma Márcia De , Cruz Cleciana Alves , Moura Úrsula Hérica Dos Santos
Published: April 2015

Neste estudo objetivou-se analisar a percepção dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre espiritualidade e saúde no cotidiano da atenção básica. Usou-se um estudo explicativo com abordagem qualitativa e o cenário utilizado foi a Estratégia Saúde da Família Cidade Nova, ICÓ-CE, os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 16 profissionais da ESF Cidade Nova, sendo eles Enfermeiros, Médicos, Técnicos de Enfermagem e Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Observou-se que o cuidado espiritual ao paciente caracteriza um desafio subsidiado pela formação, maturidade, habilidade, serenidade e sensibilidade às reais necessidades do outro.  Percebeu-se que a dimensão espiritual formará um novo paradigma social onde beneficiará a saúde integral da pessoa e capacitará o profissional a lidar com o paciente. Os profissionais, no geral, não estão preparados para prestar o cuidado espiritual aos pacientes, pois se necessita de uma implicação processual e pessoal de autoconhecimento e amadurecimento, uma experiência de fé significativa. Sendo assim, espera-se que esse estudo venha contribuir para a melhoria no atendimento e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes assistidos na unidade básica de saúde, trazendo novos conhecimentos, e mostrando a importância da espiritualidade inserida nesse contexto, no intuito de oferecer uma visão ampla aos profissionais nessa temática, trazendo benefícios para os mesmos e para os pacientes.
Assistência Pré- Natal: Uma Avaliação do Serviço Público de Saúde no Atendimento às Gestantes no Município de Icó- CE
Authors: Dantas Vanessa Machado Custódio , Luna Neto Raimundo Tavares de , Freitas Kerma Márcia de , Teixeira Olga Feitosa Braga , Felipe Francinete Alves , Alencar Alan Felipe Oliveira de , Cruz Cleciana Alves , Moura Úrsula Hérica Dos Santos , Tavares Natália Bastos Ferreira
Published: April 2015

Tendo em vista as inúmeras transformações biopsicossociais que a mulher apresenta durante o período gravídico, o pré-natal vem como o objetivo de assegurar um desenvolvimento de uma gestação segura e livre de riscos, bem como, um parto e pós-parto saudáveis. A assistência a gestante no acompanhamento pré-natal, no entanto, consiste na junção de ações e instrumentos que unidos exercem medidas de assisti-las em todas as suas necessidades, assim como, na realização de condutas preventivas, educativas e curativas. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar a qualidade da assistência prestada as gestantes do município de Icó- CE, com foco na estrutura, no processo e nos resultados da Unidade Básicas de Saúde- UBS. Sendo composta por duas fases, a primeira uma pesquisa do tipo exploratório descritiva, transversal com abordagem quantitativa e a segunda do tipo documental, devido a utilização de dados secundários. O estudo foi realizado nas 08 equipes de saúde da família da zona urbana do município e na Secretaria de Saúde da referida cidade. Foi utilizado o instrumento de Avaliação da Qualidade da Assistência Pré-Natal criado por Rocha (2011). Os dados foram organizados em tabelas e após serem tabulados foram confrontados com a literatura. Para realização deste estudo foram observados os pressupostos da resolução 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (CNS- MS) que do qual dispõe sobre pesquisa com seres humanos. Após a análise dos dados no que tange à estrutura das unidades da zona urbana da cidade, pode-se observar que as mesmas atendem aos requisitos mínimos e considerados indispensáveis para que esta assistência possa ocorrer com qualidade, porém há ainda os vieses e pontos falhos que ainda podem interferir na qualidade destes atendimentos e que precisam de atenção. Com relação aos indicadores, apesar de não terem como ter sido usado todos aqueles disponíveis pelo MS, pelo fato da indisponibilidade de dados do SISPRENATAL e por este ainda estar em processo de adaptação, nem todos os utilizados refletiram um resultado satisfatório, mostra que há pontos frágeis que também necessitam de de cuidado.

 
Da Melancolia à Escrita: Um Estudo Psicanalítico sobre as Possibilidades da Sublimação
Authors: Silva Débora Dos Santos
Published: April 2015

A pesquisa pretendeu investigar a relação existente entre a melancolia: enquanto tipo clínico das neuroses narcísicas, e a escrita, buscando analisar as possibilidades desta associação para a diminuição das crises melancólicas, manifestas, principalmente, no sentimento de autodepreciação e fenômenos de autodestruição. Para tanto, foi empregada a abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram trabalhados os conceitos freudianos em torno do conflito entre Supereu e Eu, narcisismo, sublimação e idealização. Lacanianos, com foco na problemática do estádio do espelho e a constituição do Eu. Lambottianos, que versam sobre a ideia dos objetos estéticos enquanto mediadores transferenciais entre analisando e analista e promovedores da reinserção do sujeito à realidade. Além destes, foram trazidos ao debate teóricos como: Carvalho, Hassoun e Barros que tratam, mais especificamente, das questões envolvendo as limitações e possibilidades da sublimação, encarnada em escrita, para o abrandamento do sofrimento. E, teóricos da literatura que também abordam esta temática. Portanto, chegou-se ao entendimento de que é possível haver um apaziguamento do conflito entre Supereu e Eu, e, por conseguinte, uma melhora na afetividade do sujeito melancólico através da utilização do recurso da escrita, desde que esta utilização esteja pautada nos moldes da sublimação e não da idealização, e, a partir do momento em que esteja situada na relação psicanalítica.
Contribuições da Antropologia Médica a Epidemiologia e a Pesquisa na Área da Saúde
Authors: Giffoni Francinete Alves De Oliveira , Rodrigues Nayara Luíza Pereira , Brito Nárya Maria Gonçalves de
Published: April 2015

A compreensão da singularidade na percepção da dor e da doença é fundamental para o estudo dos processos envolvidos nos fenômenos pertinentes à saúde humana, quer seja no campo individual ou coletivo. No que tange à epidemiologia e à pesquisa na área da saúde, as generalizações que aparentemente simplificam o trabalho do pesquisador torna-se fonte de viezes que, por vezes lançam uma cortina de fumaça que dificulta uma compreensão mais fidedigna da realidade investigada.
Validation of leak test models for pharmaceutical isolators
Authors: Hu Shih-Cheng , Shiue Angus , Hsu Yu-Min , Ke Yi-Sung
Published: April 2015

In this study, we performed three leak tests on a side-recirculated air isolator: a particle-count test, performed at a variety of positive and negative pressures; the SF6 trace gas method, performed at a variety of airflow velocities; and a pressure decay method, performed at a variety of initial pressures. From the particle-count test, we measured particle leak ratios of 30–34% for pressures of −18 to −25 Pa. In contrast, using the SF6 tracer gas method. we measured leak ratios of 7.8%, 5.9%, and 3.8% for airflow velocities of 0.61, 0.51, and 0.41 m/s, respectively. The particle-count test detected leaks quickly and easily, but its leak ratio was overly high because it included particles from outside of the chamber as well as from the filter. Although the SF6 tracer gas method took more time, it was more sensitive and accurate. The leak quantity would be affected by air velocity and the pressure. Leak concentration acted as sterilization phase of isolator that would result in concentration distributed nonhomogeneous phenomena; concentration distributed from outside of the chamber can be acted as a leakage diffusion situation of contaminants leak. Using the pressure decay method to compare downward airflow through a raised-floor and side-wall return air isolators, the fall time, leak quantity, and leak area of the downward airflow through a raised-floor isolator was five times greater, four times les, and 4.5 times less than that of the side-wall return-air isolator, respectively. According to idea gas law, keeping the temperature and pressure of the chamber constant will effectively reduce the leak quantity.
CFD Benchmark Tests for Indoor Environmental Problems: Part 3 Numerical Thermal Manikins
Authors: Kazuhide Ito  , Kiao Inthavong  , Takashi Kurabuchi  , Toshikatsu Ueda  , Tomoyuki Endo  , Toshiaki Omori  , Hiroki Ono  , Shinsuke Kato  , Koji Sakai  , Yoshihide Suwa  , Hiroshi Matsumoto  , Hajime Yoshino  , Weirong Zhang  , Jiyuan Tu
Published: April 2015

Recent indoor environmental design is requested to create comfortable and safety space in addition to the maximizing the energy conservation performance in buildings. In this point of view, it is important to enhance the prediction accuracy of indoor environmental quality in design stage. Commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is practically applied in indoor environmental design recent years but the prediction accuracy of CFD simulation depends on the understanding for the fundamentals of fluid dynamics and the setting of appropriate boundary and numerical conditions as well. The series of this study aimed to provide with the practical information such as prediction accuracy and problematic areas related to CFD applications in indoor environment, air conditioning and ventilation, and then performed benchmark tests and reported the results. Especially in this Part 3, benchmark test results for numerical thermal manikins were introduced. SST k-ω model with fine mesh could provide sufficient accurate results and showed good agreement with experimental results.
CFD Benchmark Tests for Indoor Environmental Problems: Part 4 Air-conditioning Airflows, Residential Kitchen Airflows and Fire-Induced Flow
Authors: Kazuhide Ito  , Kiao Inthavong  , Takashi Kurabuchi  , Toshikatsu Ueda  , Tomoyuki Endo  , Toshiaki Omori  , Hiroki Ono  , Shinsuke Kato  , Koji Sakai  , Yoshihide Suwa  , Hiroshi Matsumoto  , Hajime Yoshino  , Weirong Zhang  , Jiyuan Tu
Published: April 2015

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become practical design tool for indoor environment recent years and the application cases have been increasing. Though the improvement of the prediction accuracy of CFD is needed in connection with the upgrade of design quality in indoor environment and Heating, Ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, the prediction accuracy of CFD simulation depends on the understanding for the fundamentals of fluid dynamics and the setting of appropriate boundary and numerical conditions as well. Additionally, deeper understanding to a specific problem regarding indoor environment is also required. The series of this study aimed to provide with the practical information such as prediction accuracy and problematic areas related to CFD applications in air conditioning and ventilation, then performed benchmark tests and reported the results. Especially in this Part 4, benchmark test results for Air-conditioning airflows, Residential kitchen airflows and Fire-induced flow were introduced and discussed.
Does Saudi Society and the School Community Affect the Improvement of Critical Thinking Skills in Saudi Arabian Elementary Schools?
Authors:   King Khalid University, Abha-62529, Saudi Arabia, Alwadai Mesfer
Published: April 2015

The intent of this explanatory sequential mixed-method study is to examine Islamic teachers’ thoughts on improving critical thinking skills in elementary schools in the Southwestern province of Saudi Arabia. This study involves the collection of quantitative data and an explanation of the quantitative results with qualitative data. In the first phase, a survey was administered to Islamic teachers in Saudi elementary schools to assess their opinions on improving students’ critical thinking skills and to identify the factors that influence or hinder their implementation of critical thinking instruction. In the second phase, qualitative data was collected using semistructured interviews with a number of Islamic teachers in order to explore more fully their perceptions toward improving students’ critical thinking skills in Saudi elementary schools. The study’s findings suggest there is a need to also examine female Islamic teachers’ perceptions toward critical thinking in the Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia in order to identify the similarities and differences between the perceptions of male and female teachers.
New species and nomenclatural notes in Acianthera from Brazil
Authors: Toscano de Bito Antonio , Luer Carlyle
Published: April 2015

Two new Brazilian species of the orchid genus Acianthera, Acianthera calopedilon and Acianthera cephalopodiglossa, are described and illustrated. The identities of Acianthera bidentula, Acianthera saundersiana, and Acianthera serpentula are discussed. Acianthera velteniana, recently described for Espírito Santo, is placed in the synonymy of Acianthera bidentula. An epitype is selected for Pleurothallis saundersiana and a lectotype for Pleurothallis serpentula. Updated synonymy lists are provided for the taxa treated in the article.
A new species and a new record in Trichosalpinx (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Peru
Authors: Thoerle Lisa , Soto Carmen
Published: April 2015

A new species in Trichosalpinx is described, illustrated, and compared with similar species, and a new record for Peru is described and illustrated. A brief history of the genus is provided. Trichosalpinx reticulata is most similar to T. carmeniae, but differs with a reticulated, gray-green leaf; a longer inflorescence; and a lip with a pair of low, rounded basal lobes and an obtuse apex. Trichosalpinx acremona is recorded from Peruvian collections.
A onipresença do medo na influenza de 1918
Authors: Bertucci Liane Maria
Published: April 2015

O medo é um sentimento de diversas faces que durante a vigência de uma grave epidemia torna-se onipresente, podendo motivar tanto a discriminação e a exclusão, quanto a procura desesperada, e muitas vezes solidária, pela cura da doençaMoléstia que desafiou o saber médico-científico, a epidemia de influenza espanhola fez aflorar entre os brasileiros o medo do contato com o outro, a indiferença das pessoas e o temor ancestral dos hospitaisMas, o medo da gripe de 1918 motivou também a solidariedade, expressa de maneira singular na divulgação de práticas caseiras de cura que, combinadas com esparsas informações médicas e com a fé, traduziram a generosidade de indivíduos que difundiam gratuitamente aquilo que, acreditavam, poderia acabar com a epidemia.
Composição química e antinutrientes presentes nas amêndoas cruas e torradas de chicha (Sterculia striata A. St. Hill & Naudin)
Authors: Silva Aline Gomes de Moura e , Fernandes Kátia Flávia
Published: April 2015

OBJETIVO: Analisar os componentes químicos e antinutrientes antes e após torrefação da amêndoa de chichá da espécie Sterculia striata A. St. Hill & Naudin, oriunda de Corrente, Piauí. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas análises: centesimal, perfil de ácidos graxos, antinutrientes (taninos, inibidor de tripsina, inibidor de amilase, lectina, fitatos), compostos fenólicos e atividade de peroxidase e polifenoloxidase. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da análise centesimal da amêndoa crua e torrada foram: lipídeos de 25,1% e 26,2%, carboidratos de 44,4% e 45,6%, proteína de 20,8% e 22,1%, cinzas de 3,7% e 4,0%, fibra alimentar total de 12,3% e 10,4%, respectivamente. Nas amêndoas cruas e torradas não foram encontradas lectinas, taninos, inibidores de tripsina e alfa-amilase. Verificou-se a ausência de peroxidase e polifenoloxidase e conteúdo de compostos fenólicos de 107,7mg/100g e 108,9mg/100g para amêndoas cruas e torradas, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A torrefação realizada a 205°C por 11 minutos diminuiu o teor de fitatos de 10,6mg/g para 5,5mg/g. Por fim, as amêndoas de chichá, cruas e torradas, apresentam alto teor de proteínas, fibras, ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e saturados.
Ortorexia nervosa: reflexões sobre um novo conceito
Authors: Martins Márcia Cristina Teixeira , Alvarenga Marle dos Santos , Vargas Sílvia Viviane Alves , Sato Karen Sayuri Cabral de Jesus , Scagliusi Fernanda Baeza
Published: April 2015

Ortorexia nervosa é o termo descrito para o comportamento obsessivo patológico caracterizado pela fixação por saúde alimentar. O quadro ainda não foi oficialmente reconhecido como um transtorno alimentar, mas discute-se o conceito, suas características, interações e sintomas. No presente trabalho foi realizada uma revisão dos vinte e um artigos publicados desde 1997, quando o comportamento da ortorexia nervosa foi inicialmente descrito. Foram apontadas semelhanças e diferenças entre o comportamento alimentar observado na ortorexia nervosa e nos transtornos alimentares mais frequentes (anorexia e bulimia nervosa). Um instrumento foi desen-volvido e validado para detecção do quadro ortoréxico. Os estudos apontam alguns grupos vulneráveis à orto-rexia nervosa: estudantes de medicina, médicos, nutricionistas, pessoas com sintomas de ansiedade, obsessivo-compulsivos e aqueles que supervalorizam o corpo perfeito. A ortorexia nervosa é situada a partir de uma análise dos conceitos de atitude alimentar e alimentação saudável, procurando um foco biopsicossocial para a alimentação adequada e não apenas um foco fisiológico. Não existem estudos investigativos sobre a ortorexia nervosa no Brasil, mas o tema deve ser discutido para alertar os profissionais da área da saúde sobre a existência desse comportamento inadequado e suas possíveis consequências não só para a saúde física e emocional, mas também para a visão de alimentação saudável.
Results from transcranial Doppler examination on children and adolescents with sickle cell disease and correlation between the time-averaged maximum mean velocity and hematological characteristics: a cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Hokazono Mary , Silva Gisele Sampaio , Silva Edina Mariko Koga , Braga Josefina Aparecida Pellegrini
Published: April 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) detects stroke risk among children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). Our aim was to evaluate TCD findings in patients with different sickle cell disease (SCD) genotypes and correlate the time-averaged maximum mean (TAMM) velocity with hematological characteristics. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study in the Pediatric Hematology sector, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: 85 SCD patients of both sexes, aged 2-18 years, were evaluated, divided into: group I (62 patients with SCA/Sß0 thalassemia); and group II (23 patients with SC hemoglobinopathy/Sß+ thalassemia). TCD was performed and reviewed by a single investigator using Doppler ultrasonography with a 2 MHz transducer, in accordance with the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) protocol. The hematological parameters evaluated were: hematocrit, hemoglobin, reticulocytes, leukocytes, platelets and fetal hemoglobin. Univariate analysis was performed and Pearson's coefficient was calculated for hematological parameters and TAMM velocities (P < 0.05). RESULTS: TAMM velocities were 137 ± 28 and 103 ± 19 cm/s in groups I and II, respectively, and correlated negatively with hematocrit and hemoglobin in group I. There was one abnormal result (1.6%) and five conditional results (8.1%) in group I. All results were normal in group II. Middle cerebral arteries were the only vessels affected. CONCLUSION: There was a low prevalence of abnormal Doppler results in patients with sickle-cell disease. Time-average maximum mean velocity was significantly different between the genotypes and correlated with hematological characteristics.
Incidence and cost estimate of treating pediatric adverse drug reactions in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Oshikoya Kazeem Adeola , Chukwura Henry , Njokanma Olisamedua Fidelis , Senbanjo Idowu Odunayo , Ojo Iyabo
Published: April 2015

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may cause prolonged hospital admissions with high treatment costs. The burden of ADRs in children has never been evaluated in Nigeria. The incidence of pediatric ADRs and the estimated cost of treatment over an 18-month period were determined in this study. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study on children admitted to the pediatric wards of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) in Nigeria, between July 2006 and December 2007. METHODS: Each patient was assessed for ADRs throughout admission. Medical and non-medical costs to the hospital and patient were estimated for each ADR by reviewing the medical and pharmacy bills, medical charts and diagnostic request forms and by interviewing the parents. Cost estimates were performed in 2007 naira (Nigeria currency) from the perspectives of the hospital (government), service users (patients) and society (bearers of the total costs attributable to treating ADRs). The total estimated cost was expressed in 2007 United States dollars (USD). RESULTS: Two thousand and four children were admitted during the study; 12 (0.6%) were admitted because of ADRs and 23 (1.2%) developed ADR(s) during admission. Forty ADRs were suspected in these 35 patients and involved 53 medicines. Antibiotics (50%) were the most suspected medicines. Approximately 1.83 million naira (USD 15,466.60) was expended to manage all the patients admitted due to ADRs. CONCLUSIONS: Treating pediatric ADRs was very expensive. Pediatric drug use policies in Nigeria need to be reviewed so as to discourage self-medication, polypharmacy prescription and sales of prescription medicines without prescription.
The Americleft Project: A Proposed Expanded Nasolabial Appearance Yardstick for 5- to 7-Year-Old Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (CUCLP)
Authors: Mercado A.M. , Russell K.A. , Daskalogiannakis J. , Hathaway R.R. , Semb G. , Ozawa T. , Smith A. , Lin A.Y. , Long R.E.
Published: April 2015

Objective

To develop a yardstick of reference photographs for nasolabial appearance assessments of 5- to 7-year-old patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP).

Design

Blind retrospective analysis of clinical records and comparison to historical controls.

Patients

Subjects were two groups of 6- to 12-year-olds (n = 124 and n = 135) and one group of 5- to 7-year-olds (n = 149) with nonsyndromic CUCLP from three previous Americleft studies, including cohorts from seven different cleft/craniofacial centers.

Interventions

All patients received the infant management protocols of their respective centers. Eleven trained and calibrated judges (five participated in all three studies) did blind ratings of nasolabial appearance using the Asher-McDade method.

Main Outcome Measures

Patients receiving the most consistent ratings between judges, selected first from the groups of 6- to 12-year-olds, were used to create a pilot yardstick for eventual use in the third study of 5- to 7-year-olds. For each of the Asher-McDade categories, 8 of the 5- to 7-year-old patients receiving the most consistent scores between raters were ranked by 10 judges for a final elimination to leave three per category.

Results

Using this method of successive changes in rating methods, a new reference yardstick for nasolabial appearance rating was established and linked to the original Asher-McDade method as well as the single examples in a previously published yardstick for patients with CUCLP. Pilot testing using the yardstick improved reliabilities.

Conclusions

Use of an expanded nasolabial yardstick of reference photographs representative of the range of possibilities of each of the five Asher-McDade categories is now available to see if reliability of these ratings can be improved.
A Pilot Study on the Influence of Facial Expression on Measurements in Three-Dimensional Digital Surfaces of the Face in Infants with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Hermann N.V. , Darvann T.A. , Larsen P. , Lindholm P. , Andersen M. , Kreiborg S.
Published: April 2015

Objective

Three-dimensional surface imaging is an increasingly popular modality for face measurements in infants with cleft lip and palate. Infants are noncompliant toward producing specific facial expressions, and selecting the appropriate moment of acquisition is challenging. The objective was to estimate amount and spatial distribution of deformation of the face due to facial expression in infants with cleft lip and palate and provide recommendations for an improved acquisition protocol, including a method of quality control in terms of obtaining images with true neutral expression.

Material and Methods

Three-dimensional surface images of ten 4-month-old infants with unrepaired cleft lip and palate were obtained using a 3dMDface stereophotogrammetric system. For each subject, five surface images judged as representing a neutral expression were obtained during the same photo session. Mean and maximum deformations were calculated. A formalized review was performed, allowing the image exhibiting the “best” neutral expression to be selected, thus decreasing errors due to residual facial expression.

Results

Deformation due to facial expression generally increased from forehead to chin. The amount of deformation in three selected regions were determined: nose (mean, 1 mm; maximum = 3 mm); cleft region (mean, 2 mm; maximum = 5 mm); chin region (mean, 5 mm; maximum = 12 mm). Analysis indicated that introduction of a formalized review of images could reduce these errors by a factor of 2.

Conclusions

The continuous change of facial expression in infants represents a substantial source of error; however, this may be reduced by incorporating a formalized review into the acquisition protocol.
No release for the wicked: enemy release is dynamic and not associated with invasiveness
Authors: Schultheis Elizabeth H. , Berardi Andrea E. , Lau Jennifer A.
Published: April 2015

The enemy release hypothesis predicts that invasive species will receive less damage from enemies, compared to co‐occurring native and noninvasive exotic species in their introduced range. However, release operating early in invasion could be lost over time and with increased range size as introduced species acquire new enemies. We used three years of data, from 61 plant species planted into common gardens, to determine whether (1) invasive, noninvasive exotic, and native species experience differential damage from insect herbivores and mammalian browsers, and (2) enemy release is lost with increased residence time and geographic spread in the introduced range. We find no evidence suggesting enemy release is a general mechanism contributing to invasiveness in this region. Invasive species received the most insect herbivory, and damage increased with longer residence times and larger range sizes at three spatial scales. Our results show that invasive and exotic species fail to escape enemies, particularly over longer temporal and larger spatial scales.
Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria associated with runner bean rhizosphere
Authors: Mihalache Gabriela , Zamfirache Maria-Magdalena , Mihasan Marius , Ivanov Iuliu , Stefan Marius , Raus Lucian
Published: April 2015

Soil microorganisms, especially rhizobacteria, play a key role in soil
phosphorus (P) dynamics and the subsequent availability of phosphate to
plants. Utilization of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria as biofertilizers
instead of synthetic chemicals is known to improve plant growth through the
supply of plant nutrients, and may help to sustain environmental health and
soil productivity. The main purpose of this study was to identify new
phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from runner bean rhizosphere. Ten
out of 25 isolated bacterial strains solubilized Ca3(PO4)2 in qualitative and
quantitative P-solubilization. The strain that exhibited the highest
potential to solubilize Ca3(PO4)2, was selected for further determination of
the mechanisms involved in the process. The medium pH was measured, organic
acids released in the culture medium were identified by HPLC analysis, and
the acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were determined. Our results
showed that strain R7 solubilized phosphorous through the production of
various organic acids such as lactic, isocitric, tartaric and pyruvic acids,
and that it can be used as a potential biofertilizer.
Ecological trends at animal husbandry nitrogen utilization
Authors: Krastev K.
Published: April 2015

The aim of current work was a part of study for animal husbandry effects on
emissions of greenhouse gases and some mitigation strategies between the end
of XX and the beginning of XXI century. It?s emphasized on nitrogen (N)
balance and its fluctuated values, as well as brings forward attendant
factors. As a result, we deducted strong correlation models (R2> 0.89, 0.85,
0.99), as an estimator of the N2O emissions (Gg.CO2-eq), generated by manure
management in relation to animal population (monogastric, ruminant, total)
among the investigated middle-term periods throughout 1989 - 2011 y for the
Bulgarian realities.
Genetic parameters and genetic gains for reproductive traits of Arabi sheep
Authors: Roshanfekr H. , Berg P. , Mohammadi K. , Mohamadi Mirza
Published: April 2015

The current study reports, for the first time, the genetic parameters and
genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations and trends of reproductive
traits in Arabi sheep. Data were collected at Animal Science Research Station
of Khuzestan Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University
(ASRSKRANRU), south-west of Iran from 2001 to 2008. Litter size at birth
(LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter mean weight per lamb born
(LMWLB), litter mean weight per lamb weaned (LMWLW), total litter weight at
birth (TLWB) and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW) averaged 1.11 lambs,
1.01 lambs, 3.83 kg, 19.43 kg, 4.16 kg and 20.12 kg, respectively. Genetic
parameters and correlations were estimated with univariate and bivariate
models using restricted maximum likelihood, breeding values of animals were
estimated with best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) and genetic- and
phenotypic trends by regression of ewes? average breeding values and
phenotypic least square means on year of birth respectively. Random effects
were fitted by additive direct genetic effects and permanent environment
related to the ewe as well as service sire effects, in addition to fixed
effects of ewe age at lambing and lambing year. Heritability estimates of
0.05, 0.02, 0.13, 0.12, 0.04, and 0.06, and repeatability estimates of 0.08,
0.06, 0.17, 0.16, 0.14 and 0.21 for the six traits, respectively. Genetic
correlations between traits varied from ?0.82 to 0.94. Phenotypic
correlations were lower, ranging from ?0.33 to 0.52. Estimated annual genetic
progress was very low; ?0.003 lambs for LSW and 15 g for TLWW. Annual
phenotypic trend was only significant for LSW being 0.007 lambs. The study
concluded that indirect selection based on total litter weight at weaning
could be efficient for the traits studied.
Calculating economic weights for growth, reproduction and wool traits in Makui sheep breed by Ecoweight software
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad , Rafat S.A. , Shoja J. , Alijani S.
Published: April 2015

Production, reproduction, management and economical parameters obtained from
data collected from 1993 to 2012 Makui sheep research station of West
Azerbaijan province in Iran were evaluated in the present study. Traits
included of fertility, pregnancy rate, lamb weights from birth to the end of
period, survival rate of lambs, wool production weight, average daily gain
and milk production. The present value of profit computed as the difference
between total revenues and total costs per ewe per year. The numeric
derivation of each considered trait is calculated by increasing and
decreasing the average value of the trait while was kept the other characters
in the average. First all costs, revenues, profits and flock structure
determined then interned input files and running the software ECOWEIGHT. The
results showed that economic values per unit increase in the traits of birth
weight, daily gain from birth until weaning, daily gain from weaning until
end of period, conception rates ewes, little size, lamb survival, lifetime
for ewes, milk yield and wool yield were 0.66, 0.51, 0.03, 0.66, 0.25, 0.85,
0.93, 0.53 and 1, respectively. Breeding objective in Makui sheep breed were
productive wool yield, lifetime, lamb survival at weaning, conception rates
ewes, birth weight, milk yield, daily gain from birth until weaning, little
size, daily gain from weaning until end of period.
Comparison of functional outcome of colonic J-pouch and latero-terminal anastomosis in low anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Markovic Velimir , Dimitrijevic Ivan , Barisic Goran , Krivokapic Zoran
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Functional results after low anterior resection for rectal
cancer are an issue of increasing attention among colorectal surgeons and
others interested in this subject. The consensus on ideal reconstruction type
has not been achieved to date, although the number of papers on this subject
has been published in recent years. Objective. We conducted a prospective,
parallel group study comparing latero-terminal with colonic J-pouch
anastomosis in terms of defecatory function in patients undergoing stapled
low colorectal/ coloanal anastomosis. Methods. A total of 80 patients were
included in this study with either latero-terminal or colonic J-pouch
anastomosis. Defecatory function was evaluated using the modified version of
MSKCC questionnaire 6, 12 and 24 months after the operation. Fecal continence
was evaluated using the Wexner continence score. Results. In both groups,
trend towards improvement was registered in all measured variables in all
three control intervals. This can apply to bowel frequency, urgency, night
soiling, fragmentation and incomplete evacuation. However, the difference was
not statistically significant, and when reviewing the trend of results we can
note that in the J-pouch group steady state has not been reached even after
24 month control. Conclusion. This trial did not reveal any significant
differences in defecatory function 6, 12 and 24 months after low anterior
resection (LAR) between patients with a latero-terminal anastomosis and those
with colonic J-pouch anastomosis. Our results did not confirm superiority of
colonic J-pouch over the lateroterminal anastomosis.
Iatrogenic ureteral trauma: A 16-year single tertiary centre experience
Authors: Basic Dragoslav , Ignjatovic Ivan , Potic Milan
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Iatrogenic ureteral injuries can occur during various
abdominopelvic and retroperitoneal surgical procedures including
gynecological, urological, colorectal and vascular. Objective. The aim of our
study was to examine the incidence and types of iatrogenic ureteral injuries
occurred over the period of 16 years, as well as to evaluate the values of
applied diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Methods. A retrospective
analysis of clinical data (medical records and operative reports) of 55
patients (11 male and 44 female; mean age 54.5 years) with verified
iatrogenic ureteral injury from 1998 to 2014, was performed. Results.
Iatrogenic ureteral injuries occurred during gynecological procedures in 55%,
urological in 25%, colorectal in 15% and vascular in 5% of cases. Mechanisms
of injury were incomplete transection (n=23), complete transection (n=1),
ligation (n=7), partial perforation (mucosal abrasion) (n=13) and total
perforation (n=1). The most frequent diagnostic procedures for postoperative
identification of ureteral injuries were abdominal ultrasonography, excretory
urography, antegrade pyeloureterography and retrograde ureteropyelography.
Early therapeutic procedures were applied in 35 (64%), while delayed in 20
cases (36%). Early (<30 days) or late (>30 days) postoperative complications
were verified in 14 cases (25%). Conclusion. Among different surgeries that
may lead to the development of iatrogenic ureteral injury, gynecological
procedures represent the most common cause. Rapid diagnosis enables immediate
ureteral repair and is associated with low morbidity rates, representing a
major factor contributing to the treatment success and ultimately preserving
the renal function.
Social support, self-perceived health and mental status of general population of Republic of Srpska
Authors: Niskanovic Jelena , Siljak Sladjana
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Social support is defined as perception of how other people
take care of us, how they understand our needs and give us support. Social
support has positive influence on health, adoption of healthy lifestyles and
recovery from illness. Objective. The aim of this paper is to detect the
level of social support across different socio-demographic groups and to
analyze relationship between social support, self-perceived health and mental
well-being. Methods. Data from the 2010 Household Survey (National Health
Survey) for the Republic of Srpska were used. A specially designed
questionnaire was used, developed on the basis of internationally recognized
and accepted instruments. Representative sample of 4,178 persons aged 18 and
older were interviewed. Results. The obtained results showed that the level
of social support was the lowest among the oldest population, persons with
the lowest level of education unemployed and unmarried. There was present
relationship between social support, self-perceived health and mental health
(distress/stress and vitality). It was detected that males mostly lived alone
relying on help from neighbors, while females mostly lived with other
household members and relied more on persons close to them. Conclusion.
Social support appears to be related to mental status and self-perceived
health. The results are intertwined with different age groups and they can
provide baseline for further analysis of causal relationship between social
support and mental and physical health among different age categories.
Detecting a link among social support, mental and physical health could
provide insight into the mechanisms of social support influencing health
status and behaviour.
Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for intrapancreatic accessory spleen: Case report
Authors: Matic Slavko , Knezevic Djordje , Ignjatovic Igor , Grubor Nikola , Dugalic Vladimir , Micev Marjan , Knezevic Srbislav
Published: April 2015

Introduction. Accessory spleens can be found in up to 10% of the population,
and their intrapancreatic occurrence is considered uncommon. When present,
the intrapancreatic accessory spleen is usually found in the tail of the
pancreas in about 1.7% of adult individuals. The infrequent presence of the
accessory spleen in the pancreatic tissue could lead to inappropriate
diagnosis and hence therapeutic approach, as they are commonly presented as a
hypervascular node in the tail of the pancreas on abdominal CT and MRI,
mimicking a well differentiated tumor of the pancreas or non-functioning
pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Case Outline. We present a 70-year-old
female in whom a preoperative evaluation finding was highly suggestive of a
non-functioning neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreatic tail. We performed
spleen preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, and histopathological
examination revealed the intrapancreatic accessory spleen. Conclusion.
Although infrequent, the presence of the intrapancreatic accessory spleen
must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic tail tumors.
First successful pregnancy outcome after intrauterine insemination in a woman with primary infertility and essential thrombocythemia treated with interferon-alpha and aspirin
Authors: Lekovic Danijela , Gotic Mirjana , Ljubic Aleksandar
Published: April 2015

Introduction. The management of pregnancy in young women with essential
thrombocythemia is complex and may present a difficult problem. An adverse
pregnancy outcome due to thrombosis or bleeding is a common complication. In
addition, little is known about fertility in these women prior to the
disease. Case Outline. We present the first case of a young woman with
primary infertility and essential thrombocythemia who had uneventfully
delivered a healthy boy in the fortieth week of pregnancy. Her platelet count
was normalized during treatment with interferon-alfa.The patient failed to
become pregnant in the natural way and after three attempts of programmed
intercourse. She conceived only following intrauterine insemination. During
pregnancy, the patient was carefully controlled by a hematologist and
gynecologist. Conclusion. Natural course and prognosis of essential
thrombocythemia is not adversely affected by pregnancy. In these women, the
pregnancy should be planned only after normalization of platelet count. The
interferon-alpha should be administered before the pregnancy to regulate and
maintain the platelet count within the normal range. Intrauterine
insemination with minimal hormonal stimulation due to the risk of thrombosis
could be recommended as the safest treatment option of infertility in women
with essential thrombocythemia.
High rate of native arteriovenous fistulas: How to reach this goal?
Authors: Jemcov Tamara , Milinkovic Marija , Koncar Igor , Kuzmanovic Ilija , Jakovljevic Nenad , Dragas Marko , Ilic Nikola , Djoric Predrag , Dimic Andreja , Banzic Igor , Kravljaca Milica , Nesic Vidosava , Davidovic Lazar
Published: April 2015

The types of vascular accesses for hemodialysis (HD) include the native
arteriovenous fistula (AVF), arteriovenous graft (AVG) and central venous
catheter (CVC). Adequately matured native AVF is the best choice for HD
patients and a high percentage of its presence is the goal of every
nephrologist and vascular surgeon. This paper analyses the number and type of
vascular accesses for HD performed over a 10-year period at the Clinical
Center of Serbia, and presents the factors of importance for the creation of
such a high number of successful native AVF (over 80%). Such a result is,
inter alia, the consequence of the appointment of the Vascular Access
Coordinator, whose task was to improve the quality of care of blood vessels
in the predialysis period as well as of functional vascular accesses, and to
promote the cooperation among different specialists within the field.
Vascular access is the ?lifeline? for HD patients. Thus, its successful
planning, creation and monitoring of vascular access is a continuous process
that requires the collaboration and cooperation of the patient, nephrologist,
vascular surgeon, radiologist and medical personnel.
Learning medical English: A prerequisite for successful academic and professional education
Authors: Milosavljevic Natasa , Vuletic Aleksandar , Jovkovic Ljiljana
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper is to present specificities of the English language
teaching necessary for successful education and professional training of
medical students. In contemporary globalized world the English language has
become the basic language of communication in all scientific fields including
the field of medical science. It is well established that Medical English
teaching should primarily focus on stable linguistic competence in English
that is created by means of content and context based curriculum, thus
preparing students for active use of English upon graduation. In order to
achieve this it is very important that English language teaching be based on
specific real situations in which the language is to be used. In addition,
students should be encouraged to adapt practical skills applicable in
specific future professional setting. Medical English teaching represents
constant challenge for teachers because they need to be flexible, open to new
approaches and methods, make decisions and adapt themselves to constant
changes. In addition, long-term learning is at the core of higher education,
and being equal partners, both students and teachers should be aware that
education is a two-way process.
Caesarean Section Without Indwelling Catheter
Authors: Begum Tahera , Uddin M Jalal , Jabin Ishrat
Published: April 2015

Background: Many studies were conducted worldwide on the subject but there is none in Chittagong. To get our experience we had conducted the study. Methods: It was an experimental study. 70 cases were conveniently selected under certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cases were managed by the obstetricians unrelated to the study. All cases were meticulously observed by the investigators and findings were instantly recorded. All data were manually managed. A discussion was made and conclusion was drawn. Results: Total 70 cases were studied. 35 primae and 35 multipara. Mean age was 27 years +2.3 . All were literate and 86% were housewives. Cases were without medical, surgical complications and were uneventfully managed. First voiding time was 4.28 hours +0.45. 07% cases were evacuated with plain catheter after 7 hours for pain and bladder distention. Average hospital stay 2.3 days. There was no occurrence of urinary tract infection. Conclusion: Indwelling catheter should not be used unless it is strongly indicated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22878 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 34-35