bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of molecular ordering on circularly polarized emission from a twisted mesogenic conjugated polymer
Authors: Lee Dong-Min , Kim Gi-Eun , Kim Jae-Hoon , Yu Chang-Jae
Published: January 2023

The measured ELgfactors (symbols) were fitted with a quadratic equation of the order parameter in the twisted configuration of a mesogenic conjugate polymer (F8BT) doped with various concentrations of a chiral dopant (R5011).
Defect-assisted wavelength dependence of one photon and multiphoton absorptions in a composite nanofiber of polyvinylpyrrolidone and hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Pepe Yasemin , Akkoyun Serife , Bozkurt Bedirhan , Karatay Ahmet , Ates Aytunc , Elmali Ayhan
Published: January 2023

SEM image of PVP/hBN8, (a) normalized transmittance and optical limiting curves of PVP/hBN nanofibers at 1064 nm.
An adsorption agent based on chitosan–zeolite composite: environmental and radioactive liquid waste remediation
Authors: de Araujo Leandro Goulart , Medeiros Vinicius Litrenta , Guarnieri Guilherme de Paula , da Silva Danilo Antonio , Watanabe Tamires , Marumo Júlio Takehiro , Nery José Geraldo
Published: January 2023

Chitosan–zeolite composite as a low-cost and efficient material in the removal of caesium in synthetic and liquid organic radioactive waste solutions.
Programmable regulation of translation by harnessing the CRISPR-Cas13 system
Authors: Montagud-Martínez Roser , Márquez-Costa Rosa , Rodrigo Guillermo
Published: January 2023

Development of a novel framework to regulate translation by repurposing the CRISPR-Cas13 immune system, exploiting a cell-free expression system for prototyping.
A newly identified galaxy group thanks to tidal streams of intragroup light
Authors: Girardi M. , Zarattini S. , Boschin W. , Nonino M. , Bartalucci I. , Mercurio A. , Nocerino N. , Rosati P.
Published: January 2023

Context. In the accretion-driven growth scenario, part of the intracluster light is formed in the group environment.

Aims. We report the serendipitous discovery of a group of galaxies with signs of diffuse light in the foreground of the known galaxy cluster MACS J0329−0211 at z ∼ 0.45.

Methods. Our investigation began with the detection of diffuse light streams around a pair of bright galaxies in the southeastern region of a Suprime-Cam image of the galaxy cluster MACS J0329-0211. Our analysis is based on the extended CLASH-VLT redshift catalog and on new spectroscopic data obtained ad hoc with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We use the density reconstruction method to analyze the redshift distribution of the galaxies in the region around the galaxy pair. We also use available photometric and X-ray data to better characterize the properties of the group.

Results. Thanks to the large amount of redshift data collected in this region, we have been able to discover the existence of a group of galaxies, here called GrG J0330−0218, which is associated with the pair of galaxies. These are the two brightest group galaxies (BGG1 and BGG2). We extracted 41 group members from the redshift catalog and estimate a mean redshift z = 0.1537 and a line-of-sight velocity dispersion σv ∼ 370 km s−1. In the phase-space diagram, the distribution of the galaxies of GrG J0330-0218 follows the characteristic trumpet-shaped pattern, which is related to the escape velocity of galaxy clusters, suggesting that the group is a virialized structure. Under this assumption, the mass of the group is M200 ∼ 6 × 1013 M⊙. We also measured a mass-to-light ratio of ∼130 M⊙/L⊙ and a luminosity fraction of diffuse light of ∼20% within 0.5 R200.

Conclusions. We conjecture that galaxy pairs that are surrounded by diffuse light, probably due to tidal interactions, can serve as signposts for groups.
Dietary diversity for ensuring food security
Authors: Saydullaeva Fotima , Hasanov Shavkat , Pardaev Khusniddin , Muratov Shukrullo
Published: January 2023

10.8% of the population in the world, or more than 840 million people, are undernourished. The report of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) states that although population growth has been slowing down in recent years, this growth is expected to increase in some countries until 2050. There is a high emergency of increasing food insecurity all over the world. In the case of Uzbekistan, the population is growing rapidly annually. Yet, in the country prevalence of both obesity and overweight are increasing. Additionally, micronutrient deficiencies remain high for women of reproductive age and children. In this article, one of the best indicators of food security in respect of food access is the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) used to analyze and spread healthy diets in rural households of the Samarkand region. A total of 140 observations were taken from rural households. The mean Households DDS was 8.2. Results indicated most of the food groups consumed through their own production. However, more than 50% of all members in the households did not consume fruits, greens, pulses, and legumes due to a lack of food access. It seems there is a positive correlation between dietary diversity and own production in some circumstances, but not in all cases. In that case, own production is positively associated with dietary diversity in some situations, but not an absolute. Nevertheless, appropriate nutrition-sensitive agricultural programs will encourage both food production and consumption. Analysis shows nutrition information has a significant role in improving DDS. Promoting nutrition education via interventions, for example, information on healthy eating and a well-balanced diet through mass media, educational institution curriculum, and field days to upgrade better nutrition at household and individual levels.
Numerical modeling of nonlinear viscoelastic vibrations of vehicles
Authors: Rakhmankulova Barna , Mirzaev Sayibdjan , Yusupov Mazhid
Published: January 2023

Nonlinear viscoelastic oscillations of a vehicle in a vertical direction excited by static imbalance are considered. When taking into account the rheological properties of the suspension material and spring, the Boltzmann-Volterra principle was used. Mathematical models of the problem under consideration are obtained, which are described by systems of nonlinear integro-differential equations. A solution method based on quadrature formulas has been developed, and a computer program has been compiled on its basis. The results obtained are reflected in graphs. The influence of the material's rheological properties and the nonlinear characteristics of the suspension and spring on the amplitude and frequency of vertical vibrations of vehicles was investigated.
Numerical study of flow around flat plate using higher-order accuracy scheme
Authors: Madaliev Murodil , Yunusaliev Elmurad , Usmanov Akramjon , Usmonova Nodirakhon , Muxammadyoqubov Khusanboy
Published: January 2023

Analytical methods exist to solve the problems of hydromechanics and heat transfer, but it is not possible to obtain the solution to some inhomogeneous and nonlinear problems of hydromechanics and heat transfer by analytical methods. The solution to such problems is carried out using numerical methods. Currently, there are many textbooks and monographs on numerical methods for solving problems of hydromechanics, thermal conductivity, heat and mass transfer, and others. The article presents the results of a numerical study of the flow structure in the flow around a flat plate. The calculations are based on the numerical solution of a system of nonstationary equations using a two-fluid turbulence model. For the numerical solution of these problems, schemes of the second and fourth order of accuracy were applied. The control volume method was used for the difference approximation of the initial equations, and the relationship between velocities and pressure was found using the SIMPLE procedure. To confirm the correctness of the numerical results, comparisons were made with each other and experimental data.
Propagation of skew-symmetric unsteady shear waves from thick-walled shell in elastic space
Authors: Shukurov Amon
Published: January 2023

Problems of propagation and diffraction of nonstationary waves in elastic bodies are of great theoretical and practical importance in such fields of science and technology as aircraft construction, shipbuilding, seismic exploration of minerals, seismic resistance of structures, and many others. The paper considers the problem of the propagation of skew-symmetric unsteady shear waves from a thick-walled spherical shell in elastic space. To solve the problem, the integral Laplace transforms in dimensionless time, and the method of incomplete separation of variables was used. In the image space, the problem is reduced to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations, the solution of which is sought in the form of an infinite exponential series. Formulas for the displacement vector components and the stress tensor are obtained. The transition to the originals is carried out using the theory of residues. Numerical experiments have been carried out, the results of which are presented in graphs. The obtained results of the work can be used in geophysics, seismology, and design organizations in the construction of structures and in the design of underground reservoirs.
Deformation of multilayered physically nonlinear concrete slabs by quasi-static loads
Authors: Nemirovskii Yuri , Tikhonov Sergey
Published: January 2023

Three-layer concrete slabs are considered where each layer is formed of its concrete grade. These slabs are widely used in the construction industry, particularly in the construction of agricultural buildings and structures; thus, calculating these slabs under the external loads and forces caused by their weight is an important and relevant task. It is assumed that the concretes are non-linearly formed, and the ratios between stresses and strains are taken as the third-order polynomials with different coefficients for the different grades of concrete. The slabs are supposed to be sufficiently thin, and the Kirchhoff-Lyav hypotheses are valid. The equations of the Genka-Ilyushin deformation theory are used as the equations for the state of phase materials of the considered hybrid slabs. The complete systems of resolving equations are obtained, the equations are solved by the Bubnov-Galerkin method, and the resulting systems of algebraic equations are solved numerically in the Maple mathematical package. The graphs of the slabs' deflection and the deformation values at each point of the slab are obtained. The significant difference is shown in the maximum deflections and deformations with and without considering the slab's weight.
Influence of compound additive on concrete in hot and dry climate
Authors: Narov Rustam , Rashidov Jasur , Yusupov Khamza
Published: January 2023

In the conditions of hot and dry climate, the concrete mixture quickly loses its mobility and workability. In this regard, it is necessary to plasticize it by introducing various surfactants; at the same time, the surfactant additive should not slow down the process of hydration and hardening. To ensure salt resistance, it is necessary to increase the density and strength of concrete. The proposed complex additive is obtained by joint grinding in a ball mill of soda sulfate melt and gossypol resin to a specific surface of 2800 cm2/g at the rate of 0.5-1.5% and 0.1-0.3% by weight of cement. From the obtained results, it can be seen that with an increase in the content of gossypol resin from 0.1 to 0.3%, the normal density decreases by 1.4-4 points, and the setting time due to the accelerating action of the soda sulfate melt is reduced at the beginning by 20-50 minutes and the end by 60 - 240 min. Reference cement for 28 days gained a strength of 56 MPa, with a complex additive of 60-68 MPa. The coefficient of salt resistance of the reference 0.55-0.65 and with a complex additive of 0.80-0.86 is observed due to the strength and density of the samples. Increasing the strength makes it possible to save 17-21% of cement.
Damping of longitudinal vibrations of a cylindrical rod
Authors: Abduvaliev Abdukakhkhar , Abdulkhayzoda Abdulaziz
Published: January 2023

Oscillation of an underground cylindrical rod located in an infinite medium and equipped with a dynamic vibration damper is considered. The vibrations of the structure occur from the action of harmonic forces located along the longitudinal axis of the bar. The possibility of decreasing the vibration amplitude using a two-mass absorber with a series connection of masses is considered. The parameters of the absorbers were optimized for different values of the environmental parameters. It was found that with a fairly high operating efficiency of the main damper for damping the first vibration mode, an additional damper can be used to reduce the amplitude of the second resonance. In this case, both dampers operate on separate vibration modes. Using a two-mass absorber can significantly reduce the formation of an underground structure. In this case, the expansion of the quenching zone was achieved in comparison with a single-mass quencher.
Heat treatment of concrete in hot climates
Authors: Raximov A.M. , Muminov K.K. , Turgunpulatov M.M. , Turgunov Sh.
Published: January 2023

For increasing energy efficiency in the economic and social sectors, a number of important decisions have been made by the Government of Uzbekistan, aiming at adopting energy efficient and energy saving technologies, further development of renewable energy, and rational use of energy resources. The precast concrete industry is one of the largest energy consumers among other sectors of the national economy. at present, heat treatment is an integral and at the same time the longest process in the production of precast concrete. Despite some success, heat and moisture treatment has been and remains the longest technological redistribution of precast concrete production, taking 80-90% of the total time required for the manufacture of products. The article presents the results of studies of the influence of ambient temperature on the modes of heat and moisture treatment of concrete. Experimentally proved the effect of increasing the initial temperature of the concrete mixture on the modes of heat treatment of concrete in a hot climate. The method of assignment of modes of heat and moisture treatment of concrete, taking into account the temperature of the hot climate, is proposed. The proposed method allows to reduce the cost of energy resources by 20-22% for 5-6 months a year in a hot climate.
Strength characteristics of aerated concrete with fly ash filler from Angren Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Otajonov Olmosbek , Sattorov Zafar
Published: January 2023

This article focuses on fly ash aerated concrete, a new and very useful material in the construction industry and is basically a suspension of cement mortar with a maximum content of aluminum powder of 0.2 % by volume. A description of the conducted experimental study on the effect of the complete replacement of river sand with fly ash for various mixtures is given, and compressive strength indicators are also given.
Influence of hydroabrasive wear of impeller blades on head of centrifugal pump
Authors: Uralov Bakhtiyor , Mutalov Shukhrat , Shakirov Bakhtiyar , Khakimova Gulnoza , Sirojov Burkhon , Raimova Iqboloy
Published: January 2023

The results of experiments on studying the nature of changes in the concentration and dispersion of solid suspended particles showed that the highest average monthly sediment concentration is 2.5...3.8 kg/m3, and sometimes in rainy weather, the maximum water turbidity reaches 7kg/m3. In the composition of solid mechanical impurities, a significant amount consists of particles with a grain size of 0.1-0.05mm. Observations have established that particles larger than 0.01 mm at a low flow velocity in the supply channel and the water intake chamber of the pumping station were easily deposited in them. Siltation volumes at various stations ranged from 20 to 60%. As a result, the hydraulic resistance increased, which led to a decrease in the pump head. The wear of parts of centrifugal pumps in natural conditions was also studied, and the dependences of wear on the characteristic dimensions and duration of their operation are given. The results of micrometering of the working parts of the pumps showed that the blades of the impellers along the length and width wear out unevenly both in size and shape. This is explained by the fact that when the hydroabrasive flow moves in the interblade space, the kinetic energy of solid particles and their local concentration increase due to an increase in the values of centrifugal and Coriolis forces along the radius of the impeller.
Determination of the time of lowering depression surface in transition zones with a smooth and instantaneous decrease in water level in reservoir
Authors: Bakiev Masharif , Djabbarova Shakhnoza , Khasanov Khojiakbar
Published: January 2023

The Republic of Uzbekistan pays great attention to the development and implementation of a program for the development of hydropower based on ensuring the share of hydropower in the energy potential and the integrated development of hydropower potential. Over the last three years, hydropower plants have been built or reconstructed in more than a dozen small and medium-sized earth dams to accomplish this task. Typically, unstable filtration is observed in the body of earth dams because of deviations from the normal filling and emptying of water reservoirs. The main goal of the research is to determine the time to lower the depression surface in the Tupalang earth dam transition zones, which characterizes the intensity of unstable filtration during a smooth and sudden drop in reservoir water level. The calculations were made according to the theoretical dependences of V.P.Nedriga for two cases of smooth and sudden lowering of the water level in the reservoir, starting from the normal backed level (NBL). In the calculations, the values of the main parameters were taken to be the coefficient of water loss of the soil (0.3), the coefficient of filtration of the transition zones (9.5 m/day), and the coefficient of laying the slope of the transition zones (0.2). Calculations showed that the time of lowering the depression surface in the transition zones with a gradual decrease in the water level in the reservoir was 84.1 days, and with an instantaneous decrease in the water level during the operation of a dam with a height of 120 m 3.86 days, and during the operation of a dam with a height of 185 m 6.82 days.
Calculation of capacity of spillway № 2 Boguchanskoye HPP with free water overflow
Authors: Guryev Alim , Khanov Nartmir , Mareeva Olga , Zborovskaya Marina , Verkhoglyadova Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

The article considers a variant with the operation of spillway No. 2 of the Boguchanskaya HPP as the main spillway structure for the period of temporary operation of the hydroelectric complex. In the process of developing options for skipping construction costs, a calculation was made of the throughput with a free overflow through a flat threshold at the level of 167.0m at the FSL=175m and forcing the UVB to the level of 185.0 m with the damping of the flow energy in the water well.

The task of the calculations is to obtain the discharge characteristics of the considered spillway option with the calculated flood hydrograph with a probability of 0.2%. At the same time, based on the throughput capacity of the spillway No. 1, the dependence of the turbine flow rate and the water depth in the downstream, as well as the transformation of the flood of a given probability, the estimated flow rate is 5500 m3/s, the maximum head H=18 m (determining) at a minimum threshold level of 167.0 m. Weir refers to weirs with a wide threshold.

The throughput capacity of the spillway No. 2, operating in the free overflow mode, was determined. The change in the lateral compression coefficient depending on the head for the middle and outer working spans is considered. The outlines of free-falling jets behind the culverts operating in the free overflow mode are obtained, which makes it possible to refine the outlines of the side walls of the spillway.
Flow division under a steady flow mode
Authors: Shaazizov Farrukh
Published: January 2023

Many scientists have been involved in the division of open streams. Existing methods for calculating fission nodes do not allow choosing their optimal designs that create a favorable regime for dividing flows. Most of the available results of studies of fission nodes are scattered, non-systematic, and in some cases, contain data that do not coincide with each other. The conducted studies of division nodes were carried out mainly for the steady flow regime; the flow turbulence issues in the flow division section have been little studied. However, in practice, an unsteady flow regime and an increase in flow turbulence are often observed, which leads to complex channel processes in the water intake area. The aim of the work is to develop a refined method for the hydraulic calculation of flow division nodes with a calm flow regime. This goal is achieved by an analytical solution to the problem of determining the water depth in the nodes of flow division under a steady flow regime. The paper uses theoretical studies using the equation for changing the momentum, laboratory studies on a hydraulic model, field surveys of existing water intake units, and an analysis of the experimental data available in the literature on this issue. According to the theoretical studies, calculated dependencies were obtained to determine the depth of the main flow in front of the fission node. The equation is a cubic equation concerning the OX axis and a quadratic equation concerning the OY axis. These two equations are solved independently of each other and are intended to determine the flow depth h1, which is established before the fission node. Taking into account the simplicity of the solution for practical calculations, we recommend the first dependence, and the second dependence is proposed for performing control calculations.
Perspective method for construction of drying and watering network for growing potatoes
Authors: Martinova N. , Shavazov K.
Published: January 2023

In the Central region of the Russian Federation, precipitation is uneven both during the growing season of plants and during the calendar year. Therefore, to obtain sustainable yields and ensure the optimal water-air balance of the soil, agro-reclamation measures are required, including the organization of additional irrigation. During the winter period, a significant amount of snow accumulates, which during the melting period does not have time to soak into the soil, forming surface runoff. The construction of a drainage and water supply network will make it possible to accumulate excess moisture in reservoirs to moisten the soil during the rainless period. The joint use of the drainage network and the drip irrigation system is recommended. Using such a system will allow at the estimated time to supply or divert water to a specific area, removing excess moisture from the soil by drainage to storage tanks and then directing irrigation water to the drip irrigation system during the dry period. The calculation of the irrigation rate, taking into account the semi-elliptical shape of the humidification contour, showed that the required volume of water could be accumulated in special storage tanks. Drip tape laying can be carried out mechanized using a special stacker based on a ridge former.
Experimental and analytical method for determining specific losses in the presence of a surface effect
Authors: Mamedshakhov Makhmud , Yerejepova Arzayim , Eshmatov Bakhtiyor , Kucharov Olimjon
Published: January 2023

In this article, based on the accumulated experience of determining the intensity of the internal loss function in the active nodes of electromechanical devices, an experimental and analytical method for determining this intensity in time by the coordinates of the area under study is proposed. The error in determining the intensity of internal losses is determined based on comparing the results of calculating the integration of two variants of the two-dimensional heat equation.
Creation of intelligent information decision support systems
Authors: Sultanov Murodjon , Ishankhodjayev Gayrat , Parpiyeva Rano , Norboyeva Nafisa
Published: January 2023

The use of intelligent information decision support systems implies considering the problem area's specifics. The object of study is characterized by the following set of features: - quality and efficiency of decision-making; - vagueness of goals and institutional boundaries; - the plurality of subjects involved in solving the problem; - randomness; - a plurality of mutually influencing factors; - weak formalizability, uniqueness of situations; - latency, concealment, the implicitness of information. For the efficient and reliable functioning of agricultural facilities and enterprises, it is necessary to create and implement intelligent information systems. Over the past quarter of a century, domestic information systems have undergone a progressive evolution, both in terms of developing the theoretical principles of their construction and implementing these systems. The restructuring of agriculture, the market conditions for the functioning of objects, and agriculture enterprises have their characteristics and problems. Building the structure of intelligent decision support information systems is primarily associated with building a system model, in which both traditional elements of the control system and knowledge processing models should be defined. To solve these problems, methods of system analysis were used. The key research method is the optimization of data representation structures of databases and knowledge. The following relational data representation structures have been identified: relations, attributes, and values. In the relational model, structures are not specially allocated to represent data about entity relationships. Semantic networks use a three-level representation of data on entities and a four-level representation of data on entity relationships. The conducted studies have shown that in data representation structures, entity-relationship models are a generalization and development of the structures of all traditional data models since only in this data model there are 4-level data representations of both entities and relationships. All other traditional models are some special cases of the most general entity-relationship model.
Study of possibility application of anti-erosion coating - geomate with ground and sowing of permanent grasses
Authors: Zhukova T. Yu. , Eremeev A.V. , Khanov N.V. , Shodiev Bobur
Published: January 2023

Geosynthetic materials are considered modern, reliable, and durable building materials used in many construction areas. Geosynthetic building materials provide a viable and long-term economic alternative to conventional building materials. During the operation of hydraulic structures, they are affected by water and air erosion; the impact of these processes can lead to negative consequences, as a result of which erosion and destruction of structures are possible. To eliminate such consequences, choosing the right protective anti-erosion material and the slope fastening design is necessary. Common geosynthetic materials are geomats, which have found their application in construction. Like other geosynthetic materials, geomats have a fairly wide range of applications in hydraulic engineering construction. This study aimed to study the options for using a geomat with vegetation, namely the selection and selection of a mixture of herbs and the formation of herbage for further application of anti-erosion coating. Currently, the issue of increasing environmental factors is quite acute. This coating will give the slope a natural look without losing protective properties. Also, thanks to the sowing of perennial grasses, the use of this coating will increase the environmental characteristics of the structure, which will favorably affect flora and fauna.
Versorgung, Lehre und Forschung verbinden – SRH Therapie-Netzwerk
Authors: Gunten Eliane , Stadel Maria , John Annika , Hagyo Stefanie , Wasner Mieke
Published: January 2023

Therapeut*innen sind in der Versorgung von Klient*innen tätig, können aber auch in der Lehre oder in der Forschung arbeiten. Um die Therapie bestmöglich zu gestalten, kommt der Zusammenarbeit dieser drei Bereiche eine große Bedeutung zu. Das SRH Therapie-Netzwerk hat einen Weg gefunden, eine effektive Kommunikation zwischen Versorgung, Lehre und Forschung herzustellen.
Den Arbeitsalltag vereinfachen – Vorteile einer digitalisierten Praxis
Authors: Hiebl Sara , Atzmüller Michael
Published: January 2023

In der letzten ergopraxis lernten Sie die grundlegenden Schritte hin zu einer digitalisierten Praxis kennen. In diesem Artikel erhalten Sie einen Einblick darin, in welchen Bereichen und durch welche Möglichkeiten eine digitalisierte Praxis Erleichterungen in Arbeitsabläufen für Therapeuten, Praxisinhaber und Klienten bietet, wodurch mehr Freiraum für die therapeutische Arbeit entsteht. Die gute Nachricht: Es gibt bereits kleine und teilweise auch kostenlose Lösungen, die den Arbeitsalltag merklich entlasten.
Krankheitsverlauf und Schmerzen einschätzen – Assessment RADAI-5
Authors: Schneider Svenja , Winter Annemarie
Published: January 2023

Personen mit Rheumatoider Arthritis haben häufig langjährige Therapieerfahrung. Darum sind Fortschritte oder ein genereller Verlauf oftmals nur schwer zu beschreiben. Mit dem RADAI-5 gibt es ein Assessment, das den Krankheitsverlauf aus Sicht der Klient*innen festhält und eine Verlaufskontrolle ermöglicht.
Basal Ganglia Stroke after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mineralizing Lenticulostriate Vasculopathy
Authors: Yanes Federico Baltar , Birriel Florencia , Rabelino Gabriel González
Published: January 2023

Although the association between basal ganglia (BG) stroke and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well recognized, its association with lenticulostriate vasculopathy has only recently been described. We present the case of a 6-month-old female infant without personal or familiar relevant records who presented with left-sided hemiparesis and without altered consciousness after a mild TBI. An emergency computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain revealed bilateral linear calcifications along the course of the lenticulostriate arteries. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an ischemic lesion in the right BG and damage to the posterior limb of the right internal capsule. A few months after the ischemic event, the patient was asymptomatic. Given the clinical, radiological, and evolutionary characteristics of this group of patients, the term mineralizing angiopathy is proposed to define a specific clinical-imaging syndrome in infants who suffer a BG stroke after a mild TBI and present with the calcification of the lenticulostriate arteries.
Dynamic kirigami structures for wake flow control behind a circular cylinder
Authors: Wen Xin , Wang Dong , Chen Ziyu , Yang Fan , Jiang Chengru , Liu Yingzheng
Published: January 2023

A flow passing through a bluff body can produce Karman shedding vortex streets in its wake flow, resulting in strong unsteady loading and vibration. Existing passive control methods can disturb the wake flow, but are usually effective only under certain conditions and cannot adapt to changing environments due to their fixed topographies. Kirigami structures (the art of paper cutting) demonstrate programable out-of-plane buckling deformation under simple force actuations. By stretching and relaxing these kirigami sheets, an array of tilted surface elements can be easily activated and deactivated on the surface of a bluff body. For the first time, kirigami structures are used to achieve dynamic passive flow control. The control performance on the wake flow of a cylinder is validated in a wind tunnel using particle image velocimetry. Activated kirigami structures can push the shedding vortices further downstream from the cylinder by about four times of the uncontrolled one and reduce peak values of the turbulent intensity and Reynolds shear stress by 70% and 50%, respectively. The control performance is largely dependent on the height and shape of the kirigami structures.
Boundary homogenization for patchy surfaces trapping patchy particles
Authors: Plunkett Claire E. , Lawley Sean D.
Published: January 2023

Trapping diffusive particles at surfaces is a key step in many systems in chemical and biological physics. Trapping often occurs via reactive patches on the surface and/or the particle. The theory of boundary homogenization has been used in many prior works to estimate the effective trapping rate for such a system in the case that either (i) the surface is patchy and the particle is uniformly reactive or (ii) the particle is patchy and the surface is uniformly reactive. In this paper, we estimate the trapping rate for the case that the surface and the particle are both patchy. In particular, the particle diffuses translationally and rotationally and reacts with the surface when a patch on the particle contacts a patch on the surface. We first formulate a stochastic model and derive a five-dimensional partial differential equation describing the reaction time. We then use matched asymptotic analysis to derive the effective trapping rate, assuming that the patches are roughly evenly distributed and occupy a small fraction of the surface and the particle. This trapping rate involves the electrostatic capacitance of a four-dimensional duocylinder, which we compute using a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm. We further use Brownian local time theory to derive a simple heuristic estimate of the trapping rate and show that it is remarkably close to the asymptotic estimate. Finally, we develop a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate the full stochastic system and then use these simulations to confirm the accuracy of our trapping rate estimates and homogenization theory.
The three-fluid generalized Ohm's law: A theoretical study
Authors: Luo Lei , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Yu , Zhou Zilu , Chang Qing , Xu Qi , Wang Xing , He Peishan , Yi Siqi , Li Hui
Published: January 2023

The two-fluid generalized Ohm's law (GOL) is based on the assumption that plasma is composed of only protons and electrons. The three-fluid GOL is obtained theoretically for the three-fluid plasma consisting of heavy ions, light ions, and electrons, which prevails in planetary ionospheres and magnetospheres. Three inertial lengths corresponding to the three-scale diffusion region in the three-fluid magnetic reconnection are derived. The ion inertial lengths and reconnection rate as well as the Hall magnetic and electric fields are modified due to the two-step decoupling process of ions. Our results provide a framework to extend the reconnection theory for even more ion species.
Comparison of single-stage and multi-stage drainage cannula flow characteristics during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Wickramarachchi Avishka , Gregory Shaun D. , Khamooshi Mehrdad
Published: January 2023

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a form of artificial heart–lung therapy able to support patients undergoing refractory cardio-respiratory failure. Drainage cannulae are responsible for extracting venous blood from the body via a negative pressure gradient induced by the pump downstream. However, the unique designs of single- and multi-stage cannulae, such as the presence of small inlets on the walls of the cannula (side holes), result in complex flow dynamics. This study evaluated flow features of both cannula designs using a stress blended eddy simulation turbulence model, within a patient-specific geometry of the venous system. The wall-adapted local eddy viscosity subgrid-scale model was used to resolve the large eddies directly in the free stream region, while small eddies were modeled using the k–ω shear stress transport model in the near-wall region. Flow within both cannulae was dominated by turbulent structures, such as counter-rotating vortex pairs, followed by a region of flow separation created by the entering jet. This phenomenon was synonymous with a jet in a crossflow, but involved multiple tandem and opposing jets in an internal tubular environment. The single-stage cannula drained 38% of the total flow via the most proximal holes compared to the multi-stage cannula (52.8%). The single-stage cannula allowed for larger tip velocities and was able to extract more flow from the upper body. Overall, this study demonstrated notable differences in blood flow dynamics between single- and multi-stage cannulae, which can be applied in clinical selection and cannula design.
Not just a flash in the pan: short and long term impacts of fireworks on the environment
Authors: Bateman Philip W. , Gilson Lauren N. , Bradshaw Penelope
Published: January 2023

Fireworks are used globally, mostly for recreational purposes, despite overwhelming evidence that they negatively affect wildlife, domestic animals, and the environment. Fireworks cause short-term noise and light disturbance, causing distress in domestic animals that may be managed before or after a fireworks event, but impacts to wildlife can be on a much larger scale. The annual timing of some large-scale fireworks events coincides with migratory or reproductive behaviour of wildlife, and thus may have adverse long-term population effects on them. Fireworks residues also contribute significantly to chemical pollution of soil, water, and air, which has implication for human as well as animal health. Modern technological alternatives to traditional fireworks – both ‘eco-friendly’ fireworks, and reusable drone and laser-based lightshows – provide safer, ‘greener’ alternatives that also present a sustainable way forward for maintaining cultural traditions without perpetuating their adverse impacts.
Book Review
Authors: Fulton Graham R.
Published: January 2023

This important supplement to Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds(HANZAB), some 30 years on, is by Dr Stephen Debus. It presents and discusses the taxonomy, ecology, behaviour and conservation of Australian falcons. Deeply researched with critically important and updated data. Read it with HANZAB.
A discipline-wide investigation of the replicability of Psychology papers over the past two decades
Authors: Youyou Wu , Yang Yang , Uzzi Brian
Published: January 2023

Conjecture about the weak replicability in social sciences has made scholars eager to quantify the scale and scope of replication failure for a discipline. Yet small-scale manual replication methods alone are ill-suited to deal with this big data problem. Here, we conduct a discipline-wide replication census in science. Our sample (
N
= 14,126 papers) covers nearly all papers published in the six top-tier Psychology journals over the past 20 y. Using a validated machine learning model that estimates a paper’s likelihood of replication, we found evidence that both supports and refutes speculations drawn from a relatively small sample of manual replications. First, we find that a single overall replication rate of Psychology poorly captures the varying degree of replicability among subfields. Second, we find that replication rates are strongly correlated with research methods in all subfields. Experiments replicate at a significantly lower rate than do non-experimental studies. Third, we find that authors’ cumulative publication number and citation impact are positively related to the likelihood of replication, while other proxies of research quality and rigor, such as an author’s university prestige and a paper’s citations, are unrelated to replicability. Finally, contrary to the ideal that media attention should cover replicable research, we find that media attention is positively related to the likelihood of replication failure. Our assessments of the scale and scope of replicability are important next steps toward broadly resolving issues of replicability.
Cyclic stretch promotes vascular homing of endothelial progenitor cells via Acsl1 regulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Han Yue , Yan Jing , Li Zhi-Yin , Fan Yang-Jing , Jiang Zong-Lai , Shyy John Y.-J. , Chien Shu
Published: January 2023

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in vascular repair and re-endothelialization after vessel injury. EPCs in blood vessels are subjected to cyclic stretch (CS) due to the pulsatile pressure, but the role of CS in metabolic reprogramming of EPC, particularly its vascular homing and repair, is largely unknown. In the current study, physiological CS applied to EPCs at a magnitude of 10% and a frequency of 1 Hz significantly promoted their vascular adhesion and endothelial differentiation. CS enhanced mitochondrial elongation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as adenosine triphosphate production. Metabolomic study and Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay revealed that CS significantly decreased the content of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and markedly induced long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (Acsl1), which in turn facilitated the catabolism of LCFAs in mitochondria via fatty acid β-oxidation and OXPHOS. In a rat carotid artery injury model, transplantation of EPCs overexpressing Acsl1 enhanced the adhesion and re-endothelialization of EPCs in vivo. MRI and vascular morphology staining showed that Acsl1 overexpression in EPCs improved vascular repair and inhibited vascular stenosis. This study reveals a mechanotransduction mechanism by which physiological CS enhances endothelial repair via EPC patency.
The role of metonymy in naming
Authors: Kos Petr
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the role of metonymy in word-formation, specifically in naming extra-linguistic concepts. Its role is approached from an onomasiological perspective, i.e., the starting point in the analysis is the concept to be named. Within this approach, metonymy is seen as a cognitive process (in the dynamic sense) that is inherent in the act of coining any naming unit irrespective of its resulting form, as metonymy provides the perspective from which the concept is mentally accessed, and the morphological form is an outcome of the subsequent matching of the result of conceptualisation with a suitable constructional schema. This understanding of metonymy, however, does not lead to an unrestricted application of the term. The article suggests that if a consistent view of metonymy in coining words is applied, any formal restrictions on its use turn out to be irrelevant.
Room temperature d
0 ferromagnetism in carbon doped LaH3: insights from density functional theory simulations
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Shukla Alok , Chakraborty Brahmananda
Published: January 2023

Employing the state-of-the-art density functional theory with both generalized gradient approximation and the hybrid HSE06 functional, along with the incorporation of spin–orbit coupling, we have engineered stable room temperature ferromagnetism (FM) (RTF) in nonmagnetic LaH3 through C substitution at octahedral and tetrahedral H sites where the induced magnetic moment is mostly contributed by the 2p orbital of the C atom. It is interesting that the magnetic signature is switched on with an impurity concentration as low as 1.04 at% with a magnetic moment of ∼1.0 µ
B per impurity, where the localized behavior of the 2p states of C, along with significant exchange splitting energy, can be attributed as the origin of the induced magnetic moment. The verification of the Stoner criterion in the material further confirmed the onset of FM in the system, and the computed Curie temperature is found to be well above room temperature. Reduced formation energy and the requirement of lower impurity concentration ensure practical feasibility towards a spintronic device where RTF is established from the nonmagnetic host and the dopant.
The evolution of Physics textbooks used in Ireland 1860–2022
Authors: Keenahan Jennifer , Carroll Marian , Keenahan David
Published: January 2023

This paper focuses on the evolution of Physics textbooks used in Ireland from 1860 to 2022, in addition to the Irish influence on early Physics textbooks in the latter part of the 19th century. Both Physics and Physics education are continually evolving and so textbooks change in response to that and to the changing priorities of educators. Physics is both experimental and theoretical and the presentation of it has always been multimodal. Physics textbooks tend to include diagrams, demonstrations, experiments, the use of mathematics and derivations, historical references to people, and applications of Physics, among other features. Our research looks at these various characteristics to discern what has changed and what has not, over the course of time. Twenty-eight textbooks were examined in the course of this study. A Physics concept (refraction) and a Physics instrument (electroscope) were chosen for special attention, so that the findings would be firmly rooted in how Physics has been represented in textbooks rather than general textbook publishing trends. A specific analysis of four textbooks by the same two authors across three syllabi is also presented. Our findings show that a great deal has changed in the realm of Physics textbooks, and given that this is the case, it is remarkable how many things changed very little in 162 years.
Auto-commissioning of a Monte Carlo electron beam model with application to photon MLC shaped electron fields
Authors: Fix M K , Frei D , Mueller S , Guyer G , Loebner H A , Volken W , Manser P
Published: January 2023

Objective. Presently electron beam treatments are delivered using dedicated applicators. An alternative is the usage of the already installed photon multileaf collimator (pMLC) enabling efficient electron treatments. Currently, the commissioning of beam models is a manual and time-consuming process. In this work an auto-commissioning procedure for the Monte Carlo (MC) beam model part representing the beam above the pMLC is developed for TrueBeam systems with electron energies from 6 to 22 MeV. Approach. The analytical part of the electron beam model includes a main source representing the primary beam and a jaw source representing the head scatter contribution each consisting of an electron and a photon component, while MC radiation transport is performed for the pMLC. The auto-commissioning of this analytical part relies on information pre-determined from MC simulations, in-air dose profiles and absolute dose measurements in water for different field sizes and source to surface distances (SSDs). For validation calculated and measured dose distributions in water were compared for different field sizes, SSDs and beam energies for eight TrueBeam systems. Furthermore, a sternum case in an anthropomorphic phantom was considered and calculated and measured dose distributions were compared at different SSDs. Main results. Instead of the manual commissioning taking up to several days of calculation time and several hours of user time, the auto-commissioning is carried out in a few minutes. Measured and calculated dose distributions agree generally within 3% of maximum dose or 2 mm. The gamma passing rates for the sternum case ranged from 96% to 99% (3% (global)/2 mm criteria, 10% threshold). Significance. The auto-commissioning procedure was successfully implemented and applied to eight TrueBeam systems. The newly developed user-friendly auto-commissioning procedure allows an efficient commissioning of an MC electron beam model and eases the usage of advanced electron radiotherapy utilizing the pMLC for beam shaping.