bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genomic and phylotypic properties of three novel marine Bacteroidota from bare tidal flats reveal insights into their potential of polysaccharide metabolism
Authors: Ma Kuo-Jian , Ye Yong-Lian , Fu Yun-Han , Fu Ge-Yi , Sun Cong , Xu Xue-Wei
Published: July 2023

Special geographical location and abundant organic matter profiles in tidal flats have resulted in great microbial diversity, in which Bacteroidota strains are considered as one of the primary degraders of polysaccharides, playing a crucial role in the carbon cycle. In this study, we collected sediment or sand samples from 34 bare tidal flats in China and investigated the profile of culturable bacteria, selected three Bacteroidota for polyphasic taxonomic analysis and revealed their polysaccharide metabolic potential. Totally, we isolated 352 pure cultured bacteria and they mainly distributed in Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota, Bacillota, and Actinomycetota. It is shown that the bare tidal flats contained a large number of potential novel species, mainly distributed in Flavobacteriales and Cytophagales within Bacteroidota. Three Bacteroidota strains, M17T, M82T, and M415T, isolated from mudflat were selected for polyphasic taxonomic analysis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain M17T and Mangrovivirga cuniculi KCTC 72349T was 99.28%, and less than 90.09% with other species; strain M82T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.85% with Pontibacter litorisediminis KCTC 52252T, and less than 97.43% with other species; strain M415T had higher 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with type species of genera Eudoraea (92.62-93.68%), Zeaxanthinibacter (92.02-92.91%), and Muriicola (92.21-92.83%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and single-copy orthologous clusters showed that strains M17T and M82T represent novel species within the genus Mangrovivirga and Pontibacter, respectively, and strain M415T represents a novel species of a novel genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae. The potential in polysaccharide metabolism of all these three strains was analyzed by genomes. The analysis revealed that glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases account for more than 70% of the total CAZymes. Additionally, the numbers of polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) and annotated CAZymes in Cytophagales spp. M17T and M82T were found to be higher than those in Flavobacteriales sp. M415T. Highly specialized saccharolytic systems and the presence of numerous diversified CAZymes for obtaining energy through polysaccharide metabolism were speculated to help the three novel strains adapt to the utilization of both terrestrial and marine polysaccharides.
The G285S mutation in nsP1 is sufficient to render Sindbis virus as a stable vector for gene delivery
Authors: Shi Xiangwei , Sun Kangyixin , Hu You , Wang Qinghan , Liao Guoyang , Li Li , Wen Pengjie , Wong Leo E. , Jia Fan , Xu Fuqiang
Published: July 2023

Neuroscience, gene therapy, and vaccine have all benefited from the increased use of viral vectors. Sindbis virus (SINV) is a notable candidate among these vectors. However, viral vectors commonly suffer from a loss of expression of the transgene, especially RNA viral vectors. In this study, we used a directed evolution approach by continuous passage of selection to identify adaptive mutations that help SINV to stably express exogenous genes. As a result, we found two adaptive mutations that are located at aa 285 (G to S) of nsP1 and aa 422 (D to G) of nsP2, respectively. Further study showed that G285S was sufficient for SINV to stabilize the expression of the inserted gene, while D422G was not. Combined with AlphaFold2 and sequence alignment with the genus Alphavirus, we found that G285S is conserved. Based on this mutation, we constructed a new vector for the applications in neural circuits mapping. Our results indicated that the mutant SINV maintained its anterograde transsynaptic transmission property. In addition, when the transgene was replaced by another gene, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), the vector still showed stable expression of the inserted gene. Hence, using SINV as an example, we have demonstrated an efficient approach to greatly augment the gene delivery capacity of viral vectors, which will be useful to neuroscience and oncolytic therapy.
Cognitive impairments predict the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Authors: Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Tangwongchai Sookjaroen , Charernboon Thammanard , Phanasathit Muthita , Chaipresertsud Pisit , Maleevach Pacharaporn , Likitjaroen Yuttachai , Phanthumchinda Kammant , Assawatinna Ratiya , Amrapala Arisara , Maes Michael
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to (1) validate the Thai version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) as a screening tool for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and (2) examine the relationship between cognitive performance and BPSD in an elderly population with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia of Alzheimer’s type (DAT).

Methods

One hundred and twenty participants, comprising 80 aMCI and 40 DAT patients, and their respective caregivers were included in the study. Participants completed the NPI-Q and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) within 2 weeks of each other and cognitive performance was primarily assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).

Results

The Thai NPI-Q had good validity and reliability. Pure exploratory bifactor analysis revealed that a general factor and a single-group factor (with high loadings on delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and appetite) underpinned the NPI-Q domains. Significant negative correlations between the MoCA total score and the general and single-group NPI-Q scores were found in all subjects (aMCI + DAT combined) and DAT alone, but not in aMCI. Cluster analysis allocated subjects with BPSD (10% of aMCI and 50% of DAT participants) into a distinct “DAT + BPSD” class.

Conclusion

The NPI-Q is an appropriate instrument for assessing BPSD and the total score is largely predicted by cognitive deficits. It is plausible that aMCI subjects with severe NPI-Q symptoms (10% of our sample) may have a poorer prognosis and constitute a subgroup of aMCI patients who will likely convert into probable dementia.
18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics for prediction of lymphovascular invasion in patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Jie , Zheng Zhonghang , Zhang Yi , Tan Weiyue , Li Jing , Xing Ligang , Sun Xiaorong
Published: July 2023

Objective

To explore a prediction model for lymphovascular invasion (LVI) on cT1–2N0M0 radiologic solid non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on a 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) radiomics analysis.

Methods

The present work retrospectively included 148 patients receiving surgical resection and verified pathologically with cT1–2N0M0 radiologic solid NSCLC. The cases were randomized into training or validation sets in the ratio of 7:3. PET and CT images were used to select optimal radiomics features. Three radiomics predictive models incorporating CT, PET, as well as PET/CT images radiomics features (CT-RS, PET-RS, PET/CT-RS) were developed using logistic analyses. Furthermore, model performance was evaluated by ROC analysis for predicting LVI status. Model performance was evaluated in terms of discrimination, calibration along with clinical utility. Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to analyze the outcome of LVI.

Results

The ROC analysis demonstrated that PET/CT-RS (AUCs were 0.773 and 0.774 for training and validation sets) outperformed both CT-RS(AUCs, 0.727 and 0.752) and PET-RS(AUCs, 0.715 and 0.733). A PET/CT radiology nomogram (PET/CT-model) was developed to estimate LVI; the model demonstrated conspicuous prediction performance for training (C-index, 0.766; 95%CI, 0.728–0.805) and validation sets (C-index, 0.774; 95%CI, 0.702–0.846). Besides, decision curve analysis and calibration curve showed that PET/CT-model provided clinically beneficial effects. Disease-free survival and overall survival varied significantly between LVI and non-LVI cases (P<0.001).

Conclusions

The PET/CT radiomics models could effectively predict LVI on early stage radiologic solid lung cancer and provide support for clinical treatment decisions.
Weekly reciprocal relationships between job crafting, work engagement, and performance—a within-person approach
Authors: Lopper Elisa , Milius Marvin , Reis Dorota , Nitz Sandra , Hoppe Annekatrin
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Following the principles of the conservation of resources theory, this study explored whether job crafting, work engagement, and performance are reciprocally related from one week to the next.

Method

Data (N = 175) from a weekly diary study were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to differentiate between stable trait-like between-unit and state-like within-person components.

Results

The results revealed that, within weeks, job crafting, work engagement, and performance are associated with each other. Across weeks, on average, job crafting levels predicted work engagement and performance at the within-person level the following week. Inversely, work engagement, on average, predicted job crafting the next week, providing evidence for a positive cycle between both variables. Finally, work engagement and performance were reciprocally related from one week to the next, although the effects varied significantly in magnitude and direction.

Discussion

Overall, the within-person relationships between job crafting, work engagement, and performance were more heterogeneous than anticipated.
Validation of a metabolite–GWAS network for Populus trichocarpa family 1 UDP-glycosyltransferases
Authors: Saint-Vincent Patricia M. B. , Furches Anna , Galanie Stephanie , Teixeira Prates Erica , Aldridge Jessa L. , Labbe Audrey , Zhao Nan , Martin Madhavi Z. , Ranjan Priya , Jones Piet , Kainer David , Kalluri Udaya C. , Chen Jin-Gui , Muchero Wellington , Jacobson Daniel A. , Tschaplinski Timothy J.
Published: July 2023

Metabolite genome-wide association studies (mGWASs) are increasingly used to discover the genetic basis of target phenotypes in plants such as Populus trichocarpa, a biofuel feedstock and model woody plant species. Despite their growing importance in plant genetics and metabolomics, few mGWASs are experimentally validated. Here, we present a functional genomics workflow for validating mGWAS-predicted enzyme–substrate relationships. We focus on uridine diphosphate–glycosyltransferases (UGTs), a large family of enzymes that catalyze sugar transfer to a variety of plant secondary metabolites involved in defense, signaling, and lignification. Glycosylation influences physiological roles, localization within cells and tissues, and metabolic fates of these metabolites. UGTs have substantially expanded in P. trichocarpa, presenting a challenge for large-scale characterization. Using a high-throughput assay, we produced substrate acceptance profiles for 40 previously uncharacterized candidate enzymes. Assays confirmed 10 of 13 leaf mGWAS associations, and a focused metabolite screen demonstrated varying levels of substrate specificity among UGTs. A substrate binding model case study of UGT-23 rationalized observed enzyme activities and mGWAS associations, including glycosylation of trichocarpinene to produce trichocarpin, a major higher-order salicylate in P. trichocarpa. We identified UGTs putatively involved in lignan, flavonoid, salicylate, and phytohormone metabolism, with potential implications for cell wall biosynthesis, nitrogen uptake, and biotic and abiotic stress response that determine sustainable biomass crop production. Our results provide new support for in silico analyses and evidence-based guidance for in vivo functional characterization.
Roles of the MYB94/FUSED LEAVES1 (ZmFDL1) and GLOSSY2 (ZmGL2) genes in cuticle biosynthesis and potential impacts on Fusarium verticillioides growth on maize silks
Authors: Castorina Giulia , Bigelow Madison , Hattery Travis , Zilio Massimo , Sangiorgio Stefano , Caporali Elisabetta , Venturini Giovanni , Iriti Marcello , Yandeau-Nelson Marna D. , Consonni Gabriella
Published: July 2023

Maize silks, the stigmatic portions of the female flowers, have an important role in reproductive development. Silks also provide entry points for pathogens into host tissues since fungal hyphae move along the surface of the silks to reach the site of infection, i.e., the developing kernel. The outer extracellular surface of the silk is covered by a protective hydrophobic cuticle, comprised of a complex array of long-chain hydrocarbons and small amounts of very long chain fatty acids and fatty alcohols. This work illustrates that two previously characterized cuticle-related genes separately exert roles on maize silk cuticle deposition and function. ZmMYB94/FUSED LEAVES 1 (ZmFDL1) MYB transcription factor is a key regulator of cuticle deposition in maize seedlings. The ZmGLOSSY2 (ZmGL2) gene, a putative member of the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases with close sequence similarity to the Arabidopsis AtCER2 gene, is involved in the elongation of the fatty acid chains that serve as precursors of the waxes on young leaves. In silks, lack of ZmFDL1 action generates a decrease in the accumulation of a wide number of compounds, including alkanes and alkenes of 20 carbons or greater and affects the expression of cuticle-related genes. These results suggest that ZmFDL1 retains a regulatory role in silks, which might be exerted across the entire wax biosynthesis pathway. Separately, a comparison between gl2-ref and wild-type silks reveals differences in the abundance of specific cuticular wax constituents, particularly those of longer unsaturated carbon chain lengths. The inferred role of ZmGL2 is to control the chain lengths of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The treatment of maize silks with Fusarium verticillioides conidia suspension results in altered transcript levels of ZmFDL1 and ZmGL2 genes. In addition, an increase in fungal growth was observed on gl2-ref mutant silks 72 hours after Fusarium infection. These findings suggest that the silk cuticle plays an active role in the response to F. verticillioides infection.
A mixed-methods examination of clinicians’ perceived barriers to telehealth delivered applied behavior analysis
Authors: Pomales-Ramos Anamiguel , Tokish Hannah , Howard Mya , Straiton Diondra , Ingersoll Brooke
Published: July 2023

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians relied on telehealth to ensure continuity of essential healthcare services, such as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Identifying barriers and examining them in the context of other implementation outcomes is important to support appropriate adaptations and sustainability of telehealth-delivered ABA services. Convergent mixed methods design was utilized to identify barriers experienced by ABA clinicians (N = 388) when delivering ABA services over telehealth to autistic children and their families following the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, barriers were examined in relation to telehealth implementation outcomes and intentions for continued adoption. Findings reveal that clinicians rated providing direct services (M = 3.52, SD = 1.14) as more difficult than conducting assessments (M = 3.29, SD = 1.06), and both as more difficult than providing parent-mediated interventions [(M = 2.47, SD = 1.11), F(2, 381) = 162.26, p < 0.001]. A principal components analysis indicated a 3-factor solution of barriers related to: (1) technology (α = 0.82), (2) administrative tasks (α = 0.88), and (3) client characteristics (α = 0.88). The most frequently endorsed barriers were related to client characteristics, including increased difficulty providing telehealth services to children who elope (M = 4.37, SD = 0.81), children who exhibit challenging behaviors (M = 4.31; SD = 0.83), and children who are in the preverbal stage or use nonverbal language to communicate (M = 4.07; SD = 1.00). Fewer barriers related to client characteristics uniquely predicted implementation variables including acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility. Thematic analysis revealed challenges related to technology, caregiver involvement, child engagement, implementation of intervention strategies over telehealth, and administrative or logistical barriers. These findings highlight the need for targeted strategies that facilitate telehealth use to address specific client needs and support the implementation of telehealth services in usual care settings.
Diversity awareness, diversity competency and access to healthcare for minority groups: perspectives of healthcare professionals in Croatia, Germany, Poland, and Slovenia
Authors: Ramšak Mojca , Orzechowski Marcin , Bielińska Katarzyna , Chowaniec Anna , Doričić Robert , Nowak Marianne , Skuban-Eiseler Tobias , Tutić Grokša Ivana , Łuków Paweł , Muzur Amir , Zupanič-Slavec Zvonka , Steger Florian
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Due to cultural, language, or legal barriers, members of social minority groups face challenges in access to healthcare. Equality of healthcare provision can be achieved through raised diversity awareness and diversity competency of healthcare professionals. The aim of this research was to explore the experiences and attitudes of healthcare professionals toward the issue of social diversity and equal access to healthcare in Croatia, Germany, Poland, and Slovenia.

Methods

The data reported come from semi-structured interviews with n = 39 healthcare professionals. The interviews were analyzed using the methods of content analysis and thematic analysis.

Results

Respondents in all four countries acknowledged that socioeconomic factors and membership in a minority group have an impact on access to healthcare services, but its scope varies depending on the country. Underfunding of healthcare, language barriers, inadequate cultural training or lack of interpersonal competencies, and lack of institutional support were presented as major challenges in the provision of diversity-responsive healthcare. The majority of interviewees did not perceive direct systemic exclusion of minority groups; however, they reported cases of individual discrimination through the presence of homophobia or racism.

Discussion

To improve the situation, systemic interventions are needed that encompass all levels of healthcare systems – from policies to addressing existing challenges at the healthcare facility level to improving the attitudes and skills of individual healthcare providers.
Case report: Laparoscopic nissen-sleeve gastrectomy in a young adult with incidental finding of Morgagni-Larrey hernia
Authors: Palma Rossella , Angrisani Francesco , Santonicola Antonella , Iovino Paola , Ormando Vittorio Maria , Maselli Roberta , Angrisani Luigi
Published: July 2023

Laparoscopic sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) is the most performed bariatric procedure worldwide but it is associated with an increased incidence of de-novo or recurrent GERD. Recently a new technique consisting in LSG with associated fundoplication has been described. Morgagni-Larrey hernia is very rare and there is a lack of evidences on its correct surgical treatment. There are only rare cases of a MLH incidental diagnosis in patients submitted to bariatric surgery. We present our experience of Morgagni-Larrey Hernia (MLH) incidentally found intraoperatively in a patient with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) with Hiatal Hernia (HH) undergoing a bariatric surgical procedure.
The Preharvest Application of Essential Oils (Carvacrol, Eugenol, and Thymol) Reduces Fungal Decay in Lemons
Authors: Gutiérrez-Pozo María , Serna-Escolano Vicente , Giménez-Berenguer Marina , Giménez Maria J. , Zapata Pedro J.
Published: July 2023

Lemon postharvest losses are mainly due to the presence of fungal diseases. Current postharvest decay strategies rely on synthetic chemical fungicides; however, consumers are demanding that fruit is free of any chemical residue. The use of new natural alternatives, including essential oils, is emerging due to their potential antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the aim of this work is the elucidation of the effect of carvacrol, eugenol, and thymol, individually and in combination, applied in preharvest. Three different concentrations (100, 500, and 1000 µL/mL) of carvacrol, eugenol, and thymol were individually applied and in combination in ‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’ lemon cultivars. The fungal incidence (mainly Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum) was evaluated weekly for 35 days. Moreover, the main different quality parameters (weight loss, firmness, colour, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenolic content) of lemons were evaluated at harvest and after 35 days of cold storage. The results showed that carvacrol at the lowest concentration (100 µL/L) provided the lowest fungal incidence with a non-negative effect on the lemon quality parameters during storage, while the highest concentrations and the combination of essential oils resulted in the opposite effect. Therefore, carvacrol applied at 100 µL/L in preharvest could be an eco-friendly alternative to the current fungicides to control lemon decay, while maintaining their optimal quality.
Comparison of Gut Microbial Community between Bt-Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: Xu Tingting , Wang Yinhao , Wang Yueqin , Bi Sijia , Hu Benjin , Hu Fei , Xu Lina
Published: July 2023

Bacillus thuringiensis is an effective entomopathogen, and its crystal toxin expressed in transgenic crops has been widely used for pest control. However, insect resistance risk is the main threat to the continued successful utility of Bt crops. Several studies reported the role of midgut microbiota in Bt resistance, but the mechanism remains controversial. In the present study, using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene, we surveyed the midgut bacterial flora of Ostrinia furnacalis from one Bt-susceptible (ACB-BtS) and two Bt-resistant (ACB-AbR and ACB-FR) strains and explored the mortality of O. furnacalis after eliminating the gut bacteria. Gut bacterial diversity in Bt-resistant strains was significantly lower in Bt-resistant than in Bt-susceptible strains. Ordination analyses and statistical tests showed that the bacterial community of ACB-AbR was distinguishable from ACB-BtS. The genus Halomonas was dominated in ACB-BtS, but the unclassified_Enterobacteriaceae was the most enriched genus in ACB-AbR and ACB-FR. Furthermore, interactions of the bacterial community are more complex in Bt-resistant strains than in Bt-susceptible strains. Moreover, the mortalities of ACB-AbR and ACB-BtS strains treated by the Cry1Ab toxin were significantly reduced after eliminating the gut bacteria. Our findings suggest that Bt stressors structured in the midgut bacterial community and the microbiota have the potential to regulate the Bt-induced killing mechanism.
Effects of Meteorological Factors and Water-Nitrogen Management Techniques on Carbon Dioxide Fluxes in Wheat Fields in a Dry Semi-Humid Area
Authors: Ma Xiangcheng , Lv Mengfan , Cai Tie , Jia Zhikuan
Published: July 2023

Studying carbon dioxide fluxes in wheat fields is becoming increasingly important. The dry semi-humid area in China is an important wheat production area, but the variations in carbon dioxide fluxes in wheat fields and the mechanisms associated with the carbon dioxide flux response to meteorological factors and water-nitrogen management have rarely been studied systematically in this area. Thus, we conducted a monitoring experiment in order to clarify the responses of CO2-C fluxes to meteorological factors and water-nitrogen management in wheat fields in this dry semi-humid area, and modeled the relationships between CO2-C fluxes and meteorological factors under different water-nitrogen managements. Four water-nitrogen treatments were tested in wheat fields: rain-fed (no water and nitrogen added), irrigation (150 mm water added), rain-fed plus nitrogen application (225 kg ha−1 nitrogen added), and irrigation plus nitrogen application (150 mm water and 225 kg ha−1 nitrogen added). The CO2-C fluxes and meteorological indicators were monitored and analyzed, before fitting the relationships between them. The direct and total effects of precipitation, air temperature, and water vapor pressure on CO2-C fluxes in wheat fields were all positive, and their total effect coefficients were more than 0.7 and significant. Irrigation and nitrogen application increased the CO2-C fluxes in wheat fields by 6.82–14.52% and 51.59–55.94%, respectively. The fitting results showed that partial least squares regression models of the relationships between meteorological factors and CO2-C fluxes in wheat fields under different treatments were all effective, with R2Y (cum) and Q2 (cum) values around 0.7. Overall, these results suggest that precipitation, air temperature, water vapor pressure, and water and nitrogen addition have positive effects on CO2-C fluxes from wheat fields in dry semi-humid areas. The partial least squares regression method is also suitable for modeling the relationships between meteorological factors and CO2-C fluxes. These results may provide a scientific basis for predicting and regulating CO2-C fluxes in wheat fields in dry semi-humid areas, and provide a methodological reference for ecosystem carbon dioxide flux simulation studies.
Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals New Insights into the Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Color Differences in Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum)
Authors: Duan Linyuan , Zhang Bo , Dai Guoli , He Xinru , Zhou Xuan , Huang Ting , Liang Xiaojie , Zhao Jianhua , Qin Ken
Published: July 2023

Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) is a small Solanaceae shrub with medicinal and edible homology, and widely used as ethnobotanical medicine and nutraceutical food. The wolfberry fruits mainly have red, purple, and yellow phenotypes. Wolfberries are rich in flavonoids, which are natural water-soluble pigments that endow a variety of colors in plants There are very few investigations on mechanism of flavonoids biosynthesis and fruit coloring reported about wolfberry. The widely targeted metabolome and transcriptome analysis were performed to obtain metabolite and gene expression profiles of red, yellow, and purple wolfberries and to explain the underlying molecular mechanism of the color differences in wolfberry. As result, metabolomics analysis revealed that the bluish anthocyanins Malvidin and petunidin trended to accumulate in purple wolf-berry, while red and yellow wolfberries trended to accumulate more yellowish flavonoids. And transcriptome analysis showed that flavonoid synthesis-related genes, such as CHS, F3H, ANS and DFR, and several MYB and bHLH genes were differentially expressed among wolfberries in different colors: most of them were more highly expressed in purple wolfberries than in red and yellow ones. In conclusion, the different flavonoids’ accumulation patterns may result in the different fruit colors of wolfberry, and the MYB or bHLH transcription factors could regulate the expression of flavonoids biosynthesis related genes to change the composition of flavonoids or anthocyanins in wolfberry fruits and result in varied fruit colors. These findings provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanism of the fruit color differences in wolfberry and provide new ideas for molecular breeding of wolfberry.
Possibility to Estimate Same Day Energy Status of Dairy Cows during First Half of Lactation by Non-Invasive Markers with Emphasis to Milk Fatty Acids
Authors: Ariko Tiia , Kaart Tanel , Ling Katri , Henno Merike , Jaakson Hanno , Ots Meelis
Published: July 2023

Postpartum negative energy balance (NEB) is detrimental to cows and decreases profitability in dairy farming. The two origins of milk fatty acids (FA), de novo synthesized in the mammary gland and plasma lipids initially originating from feed, rumen microbes and the animal’s adipose tissue, make milk FA candidates as possible NEB biomarkers. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility to predict EB in cows in the first 150 days of lactation with BCS, milk traits and selected individual milk FA and the ratios of blood-derived and de novo synthesized FA. The daily EB of Estonian Holstein cows (N = 30) was calculated based on body weights and BCS values. Milk FA were analyzed with gas chromatography. The variance partitioning analysis revealed that milk production traits, BCS at calving, FA ratios and days in milk accounted for 67.1% of the EB variance. Random forest analysis indicated the highest impact of the ratios C18:1cis9/C12:0+C14:0, C18:1cis9+C18:0/C12:0+C14:0, C18:1cis9/C14:0, C18:1cis9+C18:0/C14:0, C18:1cis9/sum C5:0 to C14:0, C18:1cis9+C18:0/sum C5:0 to C14:0 or C18:1cis9/C15:0. FA and their ratios alone explained 63.6% of the EB variance, indicating the possibility to use milk FA and their ratios as sole predictors for the energy status in dairy cows.
Isolation, Characterization of Pyraclostrobin Derived from Soil Actinomycete Streptomyces sp. HSN-01 and Its Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity
Authors: Math Halaswamy Hire , Nayaka Sreenivasa , Rudrappa Muthuraj , Kumar Raju Suresh , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Perumal Karthikeyan , Kantli Girish Babu
Published: July 2023

The present study demonstrated the isolation, characterization, and antimicrobial and anticancer activity of active metabolite produced from mining-soil-derived actinomycetes. Among the 21 actinomycete isolates, the isolate HSN-01 exhibited significant antimicrobial activity in primary screening and was identified as Streptomyces sp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The active metabolite was separated, purified, and confirmed through UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR analysis and identified as pyraclostrobin. Further, the active metabolite pyraclostrobin was tested for antimicrobial and anticancer activity against the hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. The metabolite exhibited maximum antimicrobial potential with 17.0, 13.33, 17.66, 15.66, 14.66, and 14.0 mm of inhibition against B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. flexneri, and C. glabrata. The active metabolite exhibited dose-dependent anticancer potential against the hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line with the IC50 56.76 µg/mL. This study suggests that Streptomyces sp. HSN-01 is an excellent source of active secondary metabolites with various biological activities.
Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases?
Authors: Buonfiglio Francesco , Böhm Elsa Wilma , Pfeiffer Norbert , Gericke Adrian
Published: July 2023

Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology of these disorders can vary significantly, but emerging research highlights the crucial role of oxidative stress, an imbalance in the redox status characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in driving cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. This review provides an overview of ROS-related processes underlying four extensively studied optic nerve diseases: glaucoma, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and optic neuritis (ON). Furthermore, we present preclinical findings on antioxidants, with the objective of evaluating the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of optic neuropathies.
Deformation Characteristics and Destabilization Mechanisms of the Surrounding Rock of Near-Vertical Coal–Rock Interbedded Roadway
Authors: Yao Yanqiang , Wang Hongzhi , Liu Honglin , Li Guodong
Published: July 2023

Aiming at the problem of serious deformation and difficult support in the surrounding rock of the near-vertical coal–rock-interbedded roadway, this paper studies the stress distribution characteristics of the roadway surrounding the rock based on the engineering geological conditions of the Wudong coal mine, in particular with the +400 level B8 centralized transportation roadway. Meanwhile, both the deformation and destabilization characteristics of the roadway surrounding the rock is studied. The distribution of the plastic zone is numerically studied via the FLAC3D program. The research results showed that: the averaged maximum horizontal principal stress is 24.3 MPa, which is about 3.08 times of the vertical principal stress. The deformation and damage of the near-vertical coal–rock-interbedded roadway is asymmetrical, and the stress distribution of the roadway surrounding the rock shows obvious discontinuous characteristics. Moreover, the plastic zone of the roadway surrounding the rock is featured with the shear damage. It also suggests that the force of gravity along the coal–rock layer direction increases when the normal load at the level of the near-vertical coal–rock layer is relatively small. The overhanging area of the roof and the unconfined range of the floor increased, which was attributed to the shear slip damage, whereas the flexural deformation is produced under the effect of tectonic stress, which results in the instable mechanism of “the ribs heave, roof subsidence and floor heave” for near-vertical coal–rock-interbedded roadway.
Effects of the Application of a Plant-Based Compost on Yield and Quality of Industrial Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Grown in Different Soils
Authors: Cozzolino Eugenio , Salluzzo Antonio , Piano Luisa del , Tallarita Alessio Vincenzo , Cenvinzo Vincenzo , Cuciniello Antonio , Cerbone Antonietta , Lombardi Pasquale , Caruso Gianluca
Published: July 2023

The use of plant-based compost has been increasing within environmentally sustainable crop systems, as its incorporation into soil improves its structure and implies a slow release of nutrients to the plants. Due to the limited literature regarding compost application to industrial crops and the important role of the soil type, research was conducted on the industrial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) hybrid Coronel F1 at the Department of Agricultural Sciences of Naples, University Federico II, in 2019 and 2020. The study was based on the factorial combination of three fertilization types (compost, compost + mineral, and mineral) and three soil textures (clayey, loamy, and sandy). The highest crop yield was observed in loamy soil with mineral fertilization (+12.7% compared to clayey and loamy soils; +12.1% and +60.3% compared to compost + mineral and compost, respectively). Compost application increased plant dry weight (+23% compared to mineral fertilization), while sandy soil had a lower dry residue (−3%). The combination of loamy soil and compost exhibited the highest fruit dry matter percentage (approximately 7%). These findings suggest that applying compost to industrial tomato plants, alone or with mineral fertilizers, improves fruit quality and promotes crop system sustainability, and the optimal strategy depends on the target crop and soil type.
Improving the Quality of Automotive Components through the Effective Management of Complaints in Industry 4.0
Authors: Teplická Katarína , Khouri Samer , Mudarri Tawfik , Freňáková Magdaléna
Published: July 2023

The fundamental problems with component production in the automotive industry are the low quality of the components, the high number of failures, and the subsequent number of complaints. The quality of automotive components is a prerequisite for automated production in a SMART Factory 4.0 in the context of Industry 4.0. Managing complaints is a critical area in the automotive manufacturing industry. The primary goal of this article is to indicate the significance of a CRM system and the importance of complaints management in automotive manufacturing, which improves the quality of the process of producing components while improving the quality of the inputs—the quality of materials, the quality of the human factor, and the quality of the services provided in connection with the components. (1) A Slovak company was selected as the subject of this research, which focuses on the production of automotive parts. (2) The methods of research focused on using economic analysis and instruments of quality management such as the QRQC method, FMEA method, the Ishikawa diagram, and the Pareto analysis and Lorenz curve. This article presents the results of complaints about automotive components: locksets in vehicles. (3) This research shows the basic cause of the problem: a bent pin after riveting in the process of producing the components. In the frame of this research, we suggested corrective measures to eliminate the actual causes of failure in the production of the components. The RPN index reached a level below the limit of 150 (the critical level of the customers’ requirements) after implementing the corrective measures. The total costs of complaints in this year were calculated to be EUR 13.575 and the costs will be reduced gradually after changes are implemented in the production process. (4) A new complaints information system and a new training center are beneficial for solving problems in the production of automotive components. The implementation of a CRM system and other systems are prerequisites for solving customer complaints.
Synthesis by Sol–Gel Route of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Material: Chemical Characterization and In Vitro Release Study
Authors: Petrelli Valentina , Dell’Anna Maria Michela , Mastrorilli Piero , Viola Veronica , Catauro Michelina , D’Angelo Antonio
Published: July 2023

Hybrid materials, composed of organic and inorganic components at the nanometer or molecular level, have emerged as a promising material class at the forefront of technological progress. Their potential applications in the biological and medical fields have garnered significant interest, particularly in the context of incorporating antioxidant compounds. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a sol–gel-derived hybrid material, consisting of silica (S), polyethylene glycol (P), and the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin (Q). By varying the concentrations of Q and P, the structural and biological properties of the SPQ hybrid systems were investigated. Structural analysis using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies provided insights into the material composition and morphology, giving information about the interactions between the organic and inorganic phases. Additionally, the in vitro release study revealed a controlled release of quercetin over time, demonstrating that the hybrid materials possess a suitable application for drug delivery.
Classification of Weather Conditions Based on Supervised Learning for Swedish Cities
Authors: Safia Mohamad , Abbas Rodi , Aslani Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Weather forecasting has always been challenging due to the atmosphere’s complex and dynamic nature. Weather conditions such as rain, clouds, clear skies, and sunniness are influenced by several factors, including temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed, and direction. Physical and complex models are currently used to determine weather conditions, but they have their limitations, particularly in terms of computing time. In recent years, supervised machine learning methods have shown great potential in predicting weather events accurately. These methods use historical weather data to train a model, which can then be used to predict future weather conditions. This study enhances weather forecasting by employing four supervised machine learning techniques—artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), random forest (RF), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN)—on three distinct datasets obtained from the Weatherstack database. These datasets, with varying temporal spans and uncertainty levels in their input features, are used to train and evaluate the methods. The results show that the ANN has superior performance across all datasets. Furthermore, when compared to Weatherstack’s weather prediction model, all methods demonstrate significant improvements. Interestingly, our models show variance in performance across different datasets, particularly those with predicted rather than observed input features, underscoring the complexities of handling data uncertainty. The study provides valuable insights into the use of supervised machine learning techniques for weather forecasting and contributes to the development of more precise prediction models.
Modeling Dynamics of the Cardiovascular System Using Fluid-Structure Interaction Methods
Authors: Syed Faiz , Khan Sahar , Toma Milan
Published: July 2023

Using fluid-structure interaction algorithms to simulate the human circulatory system is an innovative approach that can provide valuable insights into cardiovascular dynamics. Fluid-structure interaction algorithms enable us to couple simulations of blood flow and mechanical responses of the blood vessels while taking into account interactions between fluid dynamics and structural behaviors of vessel walls, heart walls, or valves. In the context of the human circulatory system, these algorithms offer a more comprehensive representation by considering the complex interplay between blood flow and the elasticity of blood vessels. Algorithms that simulate fluid flow dynamics and the resulting forces exerted on vessel walls can capture phenomena such as wall deformation, arterial compliance, and the propagation of pressure waves throughout the cardiovascular system. These models enhance the understanding of vasculature properties in human anatomy. The utilization of fluid-structure interaction methods in combination with medical imaging can generate patient-specific models for individual patients to facilitate the process of devising treatment plans. This review evaluates current applications and implications of fluid-structure interaction algorithms with respect to the vasculature, while considering their potential role as a guidance tool for intervention procedures.
Purification and Immobilization of Superoxide Dismutase Obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 on Bacterial Cellulose and its Protective Effect against Oxidative Damage in Fibroblasts
Authors: Pinmanee Phitsanu , Sompinit Kamonwan , Jantimaporn Angkana , Khongkow Mattaka , Haltrich Dietmar , Nimchua Thidarat , Sukyai Prakit
Published: July 2023

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an essential enzyme that eliminates harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating inside living cells. Due to its efficacities, SOD is widely applied in many applications. In this study, the purification of SOD produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae TBRC657 was conducted to obtain the purified SOD that exhibited specific activity of 513.74 U/mg with a purification factor of 10.36-fold. The inhibitory test revealed that the purified SOD was classified as Mn-SOD with an estimated molecular weight of 25 kDa on SDS-PAGE. After investigating the biochemical characterization, the purified SOD exhibited optimal activity under conditions of pH 7.0 and 35 °C, which are suitable for various applications. The stability test showed that the purified SOD rapidly decreased in activity under high temperatures. To overcome this, SOD was successfully immobilized on bacterial cellulose (BC), resulting in enhanced stability under those conditions. The immobilized SOD was investigated for its ability to eliminate ROS in fibroblasts. The results indicated that the immobilized SOD released and retained its function to regulate the ROS level inside the cells. Thus, the immobilized SOD on BC could be a promising candidate for application in many industries that require antioxidant functionality under operating conditions.
Clinical Variables Related to Functional Capacity and Exertional Desaturation in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Larrateguy Santiago , Vinagre Julian , Londero Federico , Dabin Johana , Ricciardi Evangelina , Jeanpaul Santiago , Torres-Castro Rodrigo , Núñez-Cortés Rodrigo , Sánchez-Ramírez Diana , Gimeno-Santos Elena , Blanco Isabel
Published: July 2023

Impaired functional capacity is one of the most commonly reported consequences among post-COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to analyse the clinical variables related to functional capacity and exertional desaturation in post-COVID-19 patients at the time of hospital discharge. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. The main outcomes measures were functional capacity, assessed using the 1 min sit-to-stand test (1 min STST), and exertional desaturation, defined as a drop of ≥4% in the arterial oxygen saturation. Factors used to characterise the participant outcomes included the use of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), prolonged hospitalisation, occurrence of pulmonary embolism during hospitalisation, and underlying comorbidities. A total of 381 participants (mean age = 53.7 ± 13.2 years, 65.6% men) were included. Participants completed a mean of 16.9 ± 6.2 repetitions in the 1 min STST. Exertional desaturation was observed in 51% of the patients. Higher odds of exertional desaturation were found in the participants who used a HFNC (OR = 3.6; 95%CI: 1.6 to 7.8), were admitted in the hospital >10 days (OR = 4.2; 95%CI: 2.6 to 6.8), and had a pulmonary embolism (OR = 3.5; 95%CI: 2.2. to 5.3). Use of a HFNC (β = −3.4; 95%CI: −5.3 to −1.44), a hospital stay >10 days (β = −2.2; 95%CI: −3.4 to −0.9), and a history of pulmonary embolism (β = −1.4; 95%CI: −2.6 to −0.2) were also negatively associated with the 1 min STST. Most post-COVID-19 patients exhibited reduced functional capacity at the time of hospital discharge, and approximately half had exertional desaturation after the 1 min STST. The use of a HFNC, prolonged hospitalisation and pulmonary embolism were the main clinical variables associated with worse a 1 min STST performance and a higher likelihood of exertional desaturation.
Recycling of Materials from Renovation and Demolition of Building Structures in the Spirit of Sustainable Material Engineering
Authors: Czarnecki Slawomir , Rudner Marlena
Published: July 2023

In the European Union, more than 20% of residential buildings were constructed prior to 1945 and are approaching the end of their projected lifespan. This necessitates renovations or demolitions of these structures. A study was conducted to analyze the quantity of waste generated during the dismantling of a representative building from that era. Construction waste is produced during the building process and its disposal can be costly. Sustainable material engineering offers a solution by promoting the reuse of waste materials. When designing new products, manufacturers should consider using waste materials and ensure they have an extended lifespan, efficient life cycle management, and sustainable consumption. A study has shown that researchers are currently exploring the potential use of waste steel, bricks, wood, and glass in composite materials. Direct reuse of waste in the construction industry has also been observed. However, users’ preferences show that while environmental concerns are important, good quality and price are still the primary factors that drive consumer demand. Therefore, materials made from waste materials must demonstrate excellent parameters to gain consumer acceptance. Education initiatives such as green building certifications and education programs for construction professionals and the general public can help promote sustainable practices. Despite progress made in sustainable development, there is still a need for further education to encourage the adoption of sustainable practices.