bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly- and Monoamine Metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor: The New Role of Glutamine Synthetase-Like Enzymes in the Survival under Environmental Stress
Authors: Krysenko Sergii , Matthews Arne , Busche Tobias , Bera Agnieszka , Wohlleben Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Soil bacteria from the genus Streptomyces, phylum Actinobacteria, feature a complex metabolism and diverse adaptations to environmental stress. These characteristics are consequences of variable nutrition availability in the soil and allow survival under changing nitrogen conditions. Streptomyces coelicolor is a model organism for Actinobacteria and is able to use nitrogen from a variety of sources including unusual compounds originating from the decomposition of dead plant and animal material, such as polyamines or monoamines (like ethanolamine). Assimilation of nitrogen from these sources in S. coelicolor remains largely unstudied. Using microbiological, biochemical and in silico approaches, it was recently possible to postulate polyamine and monoamine (ethanolamine) utilization pathways in S. coelicolor. Glutamine synthetase-like enzymes (GS-like) play a central role in these pathways. Extensive studies have revealed that these enzymes are able to detoxify polyamines or monoamines and allow the survival of S. coelicolor in soil containing an excess of these compounds. On the other hand, at low concentrations, polyamines and monoamines can be utilized as nitrogen and carbon sources. It has been demonstrated that the first step in poly-/monoamine assimilation is catalyzed by GlnA3 (a γ-glutamylpolyamine synthetase) and GlnA4 (a γ-glutamylethanolamide synthetase), respectively. First insights into the regulation of polyamine and ethanolamine metabolism have revealed that the expression of the glnA3 and the glnA4 gene are controlled on the transcriptional level.
Effect of Maternal Prepregnancy/Early‐Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Smoking and Alcohol on Congenital Heart Diseases: A Parental Negative Control Study
Authors: Taylor Kurt , Elhakeem Ahmed , Thorbjørnsrud Nader Johanna Lucia , Yang Tiffany C. , Isaevska Elena , Richiardi Lorenzo , Vrijkotte Tanja , Pinot de Moira Angela , Murray Deirdre M. , Finn Daragh , Mason Dan , Wright John , Oddie Sam , Roeleveld Nel , Harris Jennifer R. , Andersen Anne‐Marie Nybo , Caputo Massimo , Lawlor Deborah A.
Published: May 2021

Background

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common congenital anomaly. The causes of CHDs are largely unknown. Higher prenatal body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol consumption are associated with increased risk of CHDs. Whether these are causal is unclear.

Methods and Results

Seven European birth cohorts, including 232 390 offspring (2469 CHD cases [1.1%]), were included. We applied negative exposure paternal control analyses to explore the intrauterine effects of maternal BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, on offspring CHDs and CHD severity. We used logistic regression, adjusting for confounders and the other parent's exposure and combined estimates using a fixed‐effects meta‐analysis. In adjusted analyses, maternal overweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.01–1.31]) and obesity (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 0.93–1.36]), compared with normal weight, were associated with higher odds of CHD, but there was no clear evidence of a linear increase in odds across the whole BMI distribution. Associations of paternal overweight, obesity, and mean BMI were similar to the maternal associations. Maternal pregnancy smoking was associated with higher odds of CHD (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.97–1.25]) but paternal smoking was not (OR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.85–1.07]). The positive association with maternal smoking appeared to be driven by nonsevere CHD cases (OR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.04–1.44]). Associations with maternal moderate/heavy pregnancy alcohol consumption were imprecisely estimated (OR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.52–2.58]) and similar to those for paternal consumption.

Conclusions

We found evidence of an intrauterine effect for maternal smoking on offspring CHDs, but no evidence for higher maternal BMI or alcohol consumption. Our findings provide further support for the importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy.
Vincetoxicum emeiense (Asclepiadeae, Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae), a new species from Sichuan, China

Authors: ZENG SI-YUAN , YANG QIYI , YU JIE , SHEN JIAN-YONG
Published: May 2021

Vincetoxicum emeiense (Apocynaceae), a new species from Emeishan City, Sichuan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is morphologically similar to V. hui and V. koi but can be distinguished by the glabrous stem, marginally finely ciliate with adaxially puberulent leaves and orange to purple corolla. Color photographs, conservation assessment and other relevant notes are also provided.
Social network distribution of syphilis self-testing among men who have sex with men in China: study protocol for a cluster randomized control trial
Authors: Wang Yajie , Zhang Wei , Bao Dongping , Ong Jason J. , Tucker Joseph D. , Ye Rouxuan , Zheng Heping , Yang Bin , Wang Cheng
Published: May 2021

Background

Syphilis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM). Increasing syphilis testing is important to syphilis control. However, in low- and middle-income countries like China, syphilis testing rates remain low among MSM. We describe a randomized controlled trial protocol to examine the effectiveness of social network distribution approaches of syphilis self-testing among MSM in China.

Methods

We will recruit index and alter MSM. Indexes will be eligible if they: are born biologically male; aged 18 years or above; ever had sex with another man; are willing to distribute syphilis testing packages or referral links to their alters; and willing to provide personal contact information for future follow-up. Three hundred MSM will be recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio into three arms: standard of care (control arm); standard syphilis self-testing (SST) delivery arm; and referral link SST delivery arm. Indexes will distribute SST packages or referral links to encourage alters to receive syphilis testing. All indexes will complete a baseline survey and a 3-month follow-up survey. Syphilis self-test results will be determined by photo verification via a digital platform. The primary outcome is the mean number of alters who returned verified syphilis testing results per index in each arm.

Discussion

The trial findings will provide practical implications in strengthening syphilis self-testing distribution and increasing syphilis testing uptake among MSM in China. This study also empowers MSM community in expanding syphilis testing by using their own social network.

Trial registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000036988. Registered 26 August 2020 - Retrospectively registered.
Drivers and barriers to workplace-based HIV self-testing among high-risk men in Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Muwanguzi Patience A. , Bollinger Robert C. , Ray Stuart C. , Nelson LaRon E. , Kiwanuka Noah , Bauermeister José A. , Sewankambo Nelson K.
Published: May 2021

Background

Men in Sub-Saharan Africa are less engaged than women in accessing HIV testing and treatment and, consequently, experience higher HIV-related mortality. Reaching men with HIV testing services is challenging, thus, increasing the need for innovative ways to engage men with low access and those at higher risk. In this study, we explore men’s perceptions of drivers and barriers of workplace-based HIV self-testing in Uganda.

Methods

An exploratory study involving men working in private security companies employing more than 50 men in two districts, in central and western Uganda. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Results

Forty-eight (48) men from eight private security companies participated in 5 focus group discussions and 17 key informant interviews. Of the 48 men, 14(29.2%) were ages 26–35 years. The majority 31(64.6%) were security guards. The drivers reported for workplace-based HIV self-testing included convenience, autonomy, positive influence from work colleagues, the need for alternative access for HIV testing services, incentives, and involvement of employers. The barriers reported were the prohibitive cost of HIV tests, stigma, lack of testing support, the fear of discrimination and isolation, and concerns around decreased work productivity in the event of a reactive self-test.

Conclusions

We recommend the involvement of employers in workplace-based HIV self-testing to encourage participation by employees. There is need for HIV self-testing support both during and after the testing process. Both employers and employees recommend the use of non-monetary incentives, and regular training about HIV self-testing to increase the uptake and acceptability of HIV testing services at the workplace.
Measurement of femoral posterior condylar offset and posterior tibial slope in normal knees based on 3D reconstruction
Authors: Bao Liangxiao , Rong Shengwei , Shi Zhanjun , Wang Jian , Zhang Yang
Published: May 2021

Background

Femoral posterior condylar offset (PCO) and posterior tibial slope (PTS) are important for postoperative range of motion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, normative data of PCO and PTS and the correlation between them among healthy populations remain to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine PCO and PTS in normal knees, and to identify the correlation between them.

Methods

Eighty healthy volunteers were recruited. CT scans were performed followed by three-dimensional reconstruction. PCO and PTS were measured and analyzed, as well as the correlation between them.

Results

PTS averaged 6.78° and 6.11°, on the medial and lateral side respectively (P = 0.002). Medial PCO was greater than lateral (29.2 vs. 23.8 mm, P <  0.001). Both medial and lateral PCO of male were larger than female. On the contrary, male medial PTS was smaller than female, while there was no significant difference of lateral PTS between genders. There was an inverse correlation between medial PCO and PTS, but not lateral.

Conclusions

Significant differences exhibited between medial and lateral compartments, genders, and among individuals. An inverse correlation exists between PCO and PTS in the medial compartment. These results improve our understanding of the morphology and biomechanics of normal knees, and subsequently for optimising prosthetic design and surgical techniques.
Acute and long-term grief reactions and experiences in parentally cancer-bereaved teenagers
Authors: Bylund-Grenklo Tove , Birgisdóttir Dröfn , Beernaert Kim , Nyberg Tommy , Skokic Viktor , Kristensson Jimmie , Steineck Gunnar , Fürst Carl Johan , Kreicbergs Ulrika
Published: May 2021

Background

Previous research shows that many cancer-bereaved youths report unresolved grief several years after the death of a parent. Grief work hypothesis suggests that, in order to heal, the bereaved needs to process the pain of grief in some way. This study explored acute grief experiences and reactions in the first 6 months post-loss among cancer-bereaved teenagers. We further explored long-term grief resolution and potential predictors of having had “an okay way to grieve” in the first months post-loss.

Methods

We used a population-based nationwide, study-specific survey to investigate acute and long-term grief experiences in 622 (73% response rate) bereaved young adults (age > 18) who, 6–9 years earlier, at ages 13–16 years, had lost a parent to cancer. Associations were assessed using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Fifty-seven per cent of the participants reported that they did not have a way to grieve that felt okay during the first 6 months after the death of their parent. This was associated with increased risk for long-term unresolved grief (odds ratio (OR): 4.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.99–6.28). An association with long-term unresolved grief was also found for those who reported to have been numbing and postponing (42%, OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.22–2.47), overwhelmed by grief (24%, OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.35–3.04) and discouraged from grieving (15%, OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.62–4.56) or to have concealed their grief to protect the other parent (24%, OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.23–2.73). Predictors of having had an okay way to grieve included being male, having had good family cohesion, and having talked about what was important with the dying parent.

Conclusion

More than half of the cancer-bereaved teenagers did not find a way to grieve that felt okay during the first 6 months after the death of their parent and the acute grief experiences and reaction were associated with their grief resolution long-term, i.e. 6–9 years post-loss. Facilitating a last conversation with their dying parent, good family cohesion, and providing teenagers with knowledge about common grief experiences may help to prevent long-term unresolved grief.
Annual dementia incidence and monetary burden attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure in Sweden
Authors: Kriit Hedi Katre , Forsberg Bertil , Åström Daniel Oudin , Oudin Anna
Published: May 2021

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias currently represent the fifth most common cause of death in the world, according to the World Health Organization, with a projected future increase as the proportion of the elderly in the population is growing. Air pollution has emerged as a plausible risk factor for AD, but studies estimating dementia cases attributable to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution and resulting monetary estimates are lacking.

Methods

We used data on average population-weighted exposure to ambient PM2.5 for the entire population of Sweden above 30 years of age. To estimate the annual number of dementia cases attributable to air pollution in the Swedish population above 60 years of age, we used the latest concentration response functions (CRF) between PM2.5 exposure and dementia incidence, based on ten longitudinal cohort studies, for the population above 60 years of age. To estimate the monetary burden of attributable cases, we calculated total costs related to dementia, including direct and indirect lifetime costs and intangible costs by including quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost. Two different monetary valuations of QALYs in Sweden were used to estimate the monetary value of reduced quality-of-life from two different payer perspectives.

Results

The annual number of dementia cases attributable to PM2.5 exposure was estimated to be 820, which represents 5% of the annual dementia cases in Sweden. Direct and indirect lifetime average cost per dementia case was estimated to correspond € 213,000. A reduction of PM2.5 by 1 μg/m3 was estimated to yield 101 fewer cases of dementia incidences annually, resulting in an estimated monetary benefit ranging up to 0.01% of the Swedish GDP in 2019.

Conclusion

This study estimated that 5% of annual dementia cases could be attributed to PM2.5 exposure, and that the resulting monetary burden is substantial. These findings suggest the need to consider airborne toxic pollutants associated with dementia incidence in public health policy decisions.
Investigation into antibacterial and wound healing properties of platelets lysate against Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae burn wound infections
Authors: Shariati Aref , Moradabadi Alireza , Ghaznavi-Rad Ehsanollah , Dadmanesh Maryam , Komijani Majid , Nojoomi Farshad
Published: May 2021

Background and aim

Treatment of burn wound infections has become a global challenge due to the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria; therefore, the development of new treatment options for the mentioned infections is essential. Platelets have drawn much attention for this purpose because they are a safe and cost-effective source of different antimicrobial peptides and growth factors. The present study evaluated antibacterial effects and wound healing properties of Platelet-derived Biomaterial (PdB) against Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae burn wound infections.

Methods

PdB was prepared through the freezing and thawing process and then, in vitro antibacterial effect was determined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Afterward, burn wound was inflicted on 56 rats, infected with both bacteria, and topical administration was performed to evaluate antibacterial effects and wound healing properties of PdB.

Results

In vitro results showed that PdB inhibited the growth of A. baumannii in the highest dose (0.5), while we did not detect any inhibitory effects against K. pneumoniae. By contrast, PdB significantly inhibited the growth of bacteria in treated animal wounds compared to the control groups (P value < 0.05). Macroscopic assessments pointed to the significant enhancement of wound closure in the treated animals. In addition, histopathological examination demonstrated that treatment of rats with PdB led to a considerable increase in re-epithelialization and attenuated the formation of granulation tissue (P value < 0.05).

Conclusion

The use of topical PdB is an attractive strategy for treating A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae burn wound infections because it inhibits bacterial growth and promotes wound healing properties.
diffBUM-HMM: a robust statistical modeling approach for detecting RNA flexibility changes in high-throughput structure probing data
Authors: Marangio Paolo , Law Ka Ying Toby , Sanguinetti Guido , Granneman Sander
Published: May 2021

Advancing RNA structural probing techniques with next-generation sequencing has generated demands for complementary computational tools to robustly extract RNA structural information amidst sampling noise and variability. We present diffBUM-HMM, a noise-aware model that enables accurate detection of RNA flexibility and conformational changes from high-throughput RNA structure-probing data. diffBUM-HMM is widely compatible, accounting for sampling variation and sequence coverage biases, and displays higher sensitivity than existing methods while robust against false positives. Our analyses of datasets generated with a variety of RNA probing chemistries demonstrate the value of diffBUM-HMM for quantitatively detecting RNA structural changes and RNA-binding protein binding sites.
Correction to: Performance comparison of different microbial DNA extraction methods on bird feces
Authors: Hou Xian , Pan Shengkai , Lin Zhenzhen , Xu Jiliang , Zhan Xiangjiang
Published: May 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Effects of on-line hemodiafiltration regimens and dialysate composition on serum concentrations of magnesium and calcium ions
Authors: Tanaka Yusaku , Shima Hisato , Hatonari Ryosuke , Okada Daisuke , Michiwaki Hiroyuki , Wariishi Seiichiro , Tao Tomohiro , Minakuchi Jun
Published: May 2021

Background

Low-ionized magnesium and high-ionized calcium levels are associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing dialysis. We examined the effects of the dilution method, substitution volume, and dialysate of on-line hemodiafiltration on the total and ionized magnesium and calcium levels.

Methods

Eighteen patients were randomly assigned to three dialysate groups: two acetic acid dialysate groups and one citrate dialysate group. Five treatment conditions were applied: pre-diluted on-line hemodiafiltration, post-diluted on-line hemodiafiltration, and hemodialysis.

Results

The total and ionized serum levels of magnesium and calcium were evaluated and found to be unaffected by the dilution methods and substitution volumes. The albumin leakage was approximately 3 g/session under the pre-dilution and hemodiafiltration conditions, and approximately 4–5 g/session under the post-dilution condition. The ionized magnesium concentration decreased in the citrate dialysate group.

Conclusion

The on-line hemodiafiltration parameters had a negligible effect on ionized magnesium and calcium; however, the use of citrate dialysate decreased the ionized magnesium levels, probably because of chelation.

Trial registration

000028172. The study was registered on July 11 2017.
Rate and Predictors of 30-day Readmission Following Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A US Analysis
Authors: Shaka Hafeez , Aguilera Maria , Aucar Maria , El-Amir Zain , Wani Farah , Muojieje Chukwudi Charles , Kichloo Asim
Published: May 2021

Context

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious endocrine emergency, associated with morbidity and mortality. Readmissions play a significant but sometimes preventable role in healthcare cost burden on the US.

Objective

This study aimed to describe rates and characteristics of nonelective 30-day readmission among adult patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) hospitalized for DKA and also identify predictors of readmission.

Methods

The study analyzed the 2018 Nationwide Readmission Database. DKA hospitalizations in patients with T1DM were classified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. We utilized chi-squared tests to compare baseline characteristics between readmissions and index hospitalizations. Multivariable Cox regression was employed to identify independent predictors of readmission. Following this, we developed a 30-day readmission risk scoring system based on independent predictors.

Results

The 30-day all-cause readmission rate for DKA was 19.4%. A majority of patients (64.8%) had DKA as the principal diagnosis on readmission. Readmitted patients had a significantly higher mean age (35.3 vs 34.9 years, P = .018) and a higher proportion of females (52.8 vs 49.6%, P < .001) than the index admission. Readmission following DKA was associated with higher odds of inpatient mortality (0.69 vs 0.24%, OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.99-4.06, P < .001). Independent predictors of 30-day all-cause readmission included female sex, index hospitalizations with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of 3 or greater, and being discharged against medical advice (AMA).

Conclusion

The readmission rate for DKA in T1DM patients is high, and most patients have DKA as the principal diagnosis on readmission. A CCI equal to or greater than 3, hypertension, female sex, and being discharged AMA were significant predictors of readmission.
Right services to the right patient
Authors: Μούκχοεκ Βιολέτα
Published: May 2021

Ως χρόνια ασθένεια με αυξανόμενο κοινωνικοοικονομικό φορτίο παγκοσμίως, η χρόνια αποφρακτική πνευμονοπάθεια (ΧΑΠ) έχει προσελκύσει την προσοχή της έρευνας για υπηρεσίες τηλεϊατρικής. Σε αυτή τη διατριβή, η τηλεϊατρική έχει οριστεί ως η απομακρυσμένη ανταλλαγή δεδομένων μεταξύ ασθενών και επαγγελματιών υγείας ως μέρος του σχεδίου διάγνωσης και διαχείρισης της υγείας του ασθενή. Έχουν προταθεί διαφορετικές υπηρεσίες τηλεϊατρικής για ασθενείς με ΧΑΠ, που κυμαίνονται από την τηλεπαρακολούθηση έως την υποστήριξη σωματικής δραστηριότητας. Η εφαρμογή τους στην τυπική περίθαλψη πιστεύεται ότι έχει πολλά κοινωνικοοικονομικά οφέλη, όπως αυξημένη πρόσβαση σε υπηρεσίες υγείας, αυξημένες ευκαιρίες για εκπαίδευση των ασθενών και κοινωνική υποστήριξη και βελτιωμένη υγεία και οργανωτικά αποτελέσματα. Παρόλο που αυτές οι υπηρεσίες έχουν εισαχθεί πριν από περισσότερα από 25 χρόνια, η αξία (π.χ. αποτελεσματικότητα, σχέση κόστους-αποτελεσματικότητας) για τη χρήση υπηρεσιών που υποστηρίζονται από τηλεϊατρική στη διαχείριση ασθενών με ΧΑΠ εξακολουθεί να είναι περιορισμένη.Αυτή η διδακτορική διατριβή ακολούθησε μια μεικτή ερευνητική προσέγγιση για τη χάραξη μιας πρωτότυπης και τεκμηριωμένης τηλεϊατρικής υπηρεσίας ΧΑΠ με βάση την καινοτομία και την στρατηγική αναβάθμιση. Σε αυτή τη διατριβή, ο συγγραφέας διερεύνησε τις διαθέσιμες πραγματικές αποδείξεις για την αποτελεσματικότητα και τη σχέση κόστους-αποτελεσματικότητας των υπηρεσιών ΧΑΠ που υποστηρίζονται από την τηλεϊατρική. Στη συνέχεια, ο συγγραφέας πραγματοποίησε εξερεύνηση πεδίου, με αποτέλεσμα πρακτικές συστάσεις σχετικά με τις ευκαιρίες εφαρμογής μιας υπηρεσίας που υποστηρίζεται από την τηλεϊατρική για διαφορετικές ομάδες ασθενών με ΧΑΠ. Επιπλέον, εντοπίστηκαν στοιχεία διαχείρισης αλλαγών που πρέπει να αντιμετωπιστούν κατά την εξέταση της εφαρμογής μιας νέας υπηρεσίας που υποστηρίζεται από την τηλεϊατρική.Η στρατηγική καινοτομίας και κλιμάκωσης των υπηρεσιών της ΧΑΠ που υποστηρίζεται από την τηλεϊατρική απευθύνεται σε τρεις ομάδες ενδιαφερομένων: κλινικούς ιατρούς, ερευνητές και υπεύθυνους χάραξης πολιτικής. Αυτή η διατριβή παρέχει στοιχεία για την αποτελεσματικότητα των υπηρεσιών της ΧΑΠ που υποστηρίζονται από την τηλεϊατρική και προσδιορίζει στοιχεία διαχείρισης αλλαγών για την υποστήριξη της διαδικασίας εφαρμογής. Η μελλοντική έρευνα πρέπει να επικεντρωθεί στην ενσωμάτωση ενοποιημένων αναφορών αποτελεσμάτων που σχετίζονται με τη ΧΑΠ και στην ιεράρχηση σχεδιασμού δοκιμών, με τη συμμετοχή των σχετικών ενδιαφερομένων και την παροχή ποιοτικών δεδομένων για τις διαδρομές φροντίδας, όπου εφαρμόστηκαν οι υπηρεσίες.
Ontology of network being
Authors: Bresler Mikhail
Published: May 2021

The monograph is devoted to the ontology of network being. Transformation structure of communications, the transition of a significant part of communications to the network form requires a philosophical understanding of the new reality, a revision of classical concepts in conditions where linear communication is only a special case of network communication. The monograph is intended for All working, studying, interested in the philosophy of modern times. The monograph can be used as the main or additional literature for studying philosophy, and communication and applied disciplines.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF MUHAMMADIYAH 12 PAMULANG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN IMPROVING SERVICE QUALITY AND EDUCATION GRADUATES
Authors: Fauzi Anis , Mizzudin Mochamad , Suryapermana Nana , Lestari Ani
Published: May 2021

Strategic management offers the school to plan a superior strategy to achieve the school's vision and mission. However, in reality, not all schools implement strategic management. So there is a gap between expectations and reality. This study aims to describe the strategic management of SD Muhammadiyah in improving service quality and graduate education. This research is a qualitative study, by taking the object of research in SD Muhammadiyah 12 Pamulang related to superior strategies undertaken by SD Muhammadiyah in improving the quality of services and education graduates. Data collection techniques carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis performed using descriptive methods. The results showed that the strategic management process of SD Muhammadiyah 12 Pamulang in improving service quality and education graduates began with planning through internal and external environmental analysis and the selection, implementation, and evaluation of exemplary strategy implementation
Arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA): An algorithm for estimating constitutional lower limb alignment in the arthritic patient population
Authors: Griffiths-Jones William , Chen Darren B. , Harris Ian A. , Bellemans Johan , MacDessi Samuel J.
Published: May 2021

Aims

Once knee arthritis and deformity have occurred, it is currently not known how to determine a patient’s constitutional (pre-arthritic) limb alignment. The purpose of this study was to describe and validate the arithmetic hip-knee-ankle (aHKA) algorithm as a straightforward method for preoperative planning and intraoperative restoration of the constitutional limb alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

A comparative cross-sectional, radiological study was undertaken of 500 normal knees and 500 arthritic knees undergoing TKA. By definition, the aHKA algorithm subtracts the lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) from the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA). The mechanical HKA (mHKA) of the normal group was compared to the mHKA of the arthritic group to examine the difference, specifically related to deformity in the latter. The mHKA and aHKA were then compared in the normal group to assess for differences related to joint line convergence. Lastly, the aHKA of both the normal and arthritic groups were compared to test the hypothesis that the aHKA can estimate the constitutional alignment of the limb by sharing a similar centrality and distribution with the normal population.

Results

There was a significant difference in means and distributions of the mHKA of the normal group compared to the arthritic group (mean -1.33° (SD 2.34°) vs mean -2.88° (SD 7.39°) respectively; p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between normal and arthritic groups using the aHKA (mean -0.87° (SD 2.54°) vs mean -0.77° (SD 2.84°) respectively; p = 0.550). There was no significant difference in the MPTA and LDFA between the normal and arthritic groups.

Conclusion

The arithmetic HKA effectively estimated the constitutional alignment of the lower limb after the onset of arthritis in this cross-sectional population-based analysis. This finding is of significant importance to surgeons aiming to restore the constitutional alignment of the lower limb during TKA. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(5):351–358.
History, Naming and Intellectualism in the #FeesMustFall Protests
Authors: Sooliman Quraysha Ismail
Published: May 2021

This paper considers the black student as an emerging representative of the public intellectual's confrontation with history, institutional culture and language in the #FMF student protests. It pursues the manifestation of this confrontation through an analysis of specific episodes of articulation and events where the student as public intellectual encounters an academia that is incapable of comprehending or conceptualizing their demands. The protests animated the emerging black student public intellectual's projection into being and their confrontation with history, violence and academia. This paper examines the collaboration between the state and university as mechanisms of control to preserve the system and structure of neo-apartheid in a post-1994 South African society. I argue that the fixation with subjective violence, detracted from the greater, yet hidden narrative—that of the possibility of violence as ubiquitous in human social relations. Violence is also used to negate power. In confronting a powerful racist history and systems of racism, the #Fallists reference to the on-going complex levels of violence lived as a reality by black South Africans, could be understood as a form of social power to unchain the forced consensus that has been perpetuated around black violence and black ineptitude.
Teachers' Discourse on English Language Teaching: Faces of Resistance and Neo-colonialism
Authors: Araujo Gilberto Alves
Published: May 2021

This work analyzes discursive representations within Tocantinian teachers' enunciations regarding themselves and the exercise of their teaching role, as well as English teaching-learning and its insertion in school. Considering our incursion through French Discourse Analysis we employ conceptions of forgetting, subjecting, ideological and discursive formations, according to Michel Pêcheux. In addition, we use analytical-methodological procedures by Eni Orlandi. Our investigation indicates that prestige and social status, often assigned to English language (EL), offer significant space to the ideas of struggle and suffering, whereas the sense of accomplishment, self-fulfillment and financial gains tend to be silenced. Teachers find the reasons for EL teaching through a presumed intellectual superiority, a linguistic utilitarianism and the economic system, while averting this same teaching from a propaedeutic function. Furthermore, a “unifying” discourse, which is a component of Brazilian imaginary, projects teachers as constant sufferers and strugglers. There is also a strong tendency, by teachers, towards reproducing learners' discourse about EL as a beautiful and difficult language. This image contrasts with an undervalued and underestimated position that teachers believe is assigned to EL in the school curriculum.
Spatiotemporal patterns of variability in the abundance and distribution of winter-spawned pelagic juvenile rockfish in the California Current
Authors: Field John C. , Miller Rebecca R. , Santora Jarrod A. , Tolimieri Nick , Haltuch Melissa A. , Brodeur Richard D. , Auth Toby D. , Dick E. J. , Monk Melissa H. , Sakuma Keith M. , Wells Brian K.
Published: May 2021

Rockfish are an important component of West Coast fisheries and California Current food webs, and recruitment (cohort strength) for rockfish populations has long been characterized as highly variable for most studied populations. Research efforts and fisheries surveys have long sought to provide greater insights on both the environmental drivers, and the fisheries and ecosystem consequences, of this variability. Here, variability in the temporal and spatial abundance and distribution patterns of young-of-the-year (YOY) rockfishes are described based on midwater trawl surveys conducted throughout the coastal waters of California Current between 2001 and 2019. Results confirm that the abundance of winter-spawning rockfish taxa in particular is highly variable over space and time. Although there is considerable spatial coherence in these relative abundance patterns, there are many years in which abundance patterns are very heterogeneous over the scale of the California Current. Results also confirm that the high abundance levels of YOY rockfish observed during the 2014–2016 large marine heatwave were largely coastwide events. Species association patterns of pelagic YOY for over 20 rockfish taxa in space and time are also described. The overall results will help inform future fisheries-independent surveys, and will improve future indices of recruitment strength used to inform stock assessment models and marine ecosystem status reports.
Changes in physical activity levels, eating habits and psychological well-being during the Italian COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: Impact of socio-demographic factors on the Florentine academic population
Authors: Mascherini Gabriele , Catelan Dolores , Pellegrini-Giampietro Domenico E. , Petri Cristian , Scaletti Cristina , Gulisano Massimo
Published: May 2021

The confinement and lockdown imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic have produced restrictions in the lifestyle of Italian citizens with variations in their psychological well-being. The aim of the study was to identify changes and relationship with socio-demographic parameters. An online survey was administered to 1383 subjects (1007 females and 307 males) working in the University of Florence, Italy. Three validated questionnaires were used for the survey: the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Med Diet Score and the Psychological General Well-Being Index-A. All the subjects were asked to complete the questionnaires twice, in order to attain a picture of the habits before and a later time point during confinement. Our results show that work-related physical activity was decreased, along with an increase in sedentary behaviour (from 07:22±03:20 to 08:49±03:41 h:min; p<0.001, ES = 0.38), whereas recreational physical activity was increased (vigorous exercise varied from 568.5 ± 838.6 to 833.7 ± 1263.0 METs; p<0.002, ES = 0.25). Eating habits changed according to the place where meals were eaten, with an increased habit for breakfast and snacks and a slight increase in alcohol consumption. Psychological well-being decreased (Index from 21.4±3.9 to 18.0±5.3; p<0.001, ES = 0.723), especially in terms of vitality and positive thinking. The socio-demographic variables affecting these variations were mostly represented by age, gender and working conditions: young age and self-employment conditions can be considered factors for the changes in daily habits induced by confinement that may affect psychological well-being.
Die Ästhetisierung und Politisierung des Todes
Authors: Meis Mareike
Published: May 2021

Der Syrienkonflikt begegnet uns seit seinen Anfängen vor allem in Videos, die zunächst mit Smartphones, später auch mit hochauflösenden Actionkameras aufgenommen wurden. Verbreitet über das Internet werden diese Videos von einer internationalen Berichterstattung, aber auch von Kunst- und Filmschaffenden aufgegriffen. Mareike Meis entwickelt in diesem Kontext eine Forschungsperspektive, die auf innovative Weise Videos der Gewalt und des Todes für einen wissenschaftlichen Zugriff erschließbar und damit verbundene aktivistische, jihadistische und rechtspopulistische Praktiken im Spannungsfeld von Ästhetisierung und Politisierung kritisierbar macht.
Die Suche nach Differenz
Authors: Oeter Martina
Published: May 2021

Denkmalpflege als »westlich-modern« zu vereinnahmen, ließ den Erhalt des Materiellen über den Imperialismus und die Nationalstaatenbildung sowie postkoloniale Diskussionen und kritische Kulturstudien zu einem vermeintlich autoritären Konzept werden. Der inhärente Ethnozentrismus verstellt dabei den Blick auf den Erhalt des kulturellen Erbes als globalen Aushandlungsprozess. Martina Oeter geht den Macht- und Wissensstrukturen in der internationalen Kulturerbepolitik nach und zeigt, dass die Aufwertung des immateriellen Erbes - als demokratische Antwort auf den vorherrschenden Denkmalkult - materielles Kulturerbe abgewertet hat und seither eine Auseinandersetzung mit dessen gesellschaftlichen Werten erschwert.
Authority and Authorship in Medieval and Seventeenth Century Women's Visionary Writings
Authors: Frick Deborah
Published: May 2021

In medieval and early modern times, female visionary writers used the mode of prophecy to voice their concerns and ideas, against the backdrop of cultural restrictions and negative stereotypes. In this book, Deborah Frick analyses medieval visionary writings by Julian of Norwich and Margery Kempe in comparison to seventeenth-century visionary writings by authors such as Anna Trapnel, Mary Carey, Anne Wentworth and Katherine Chidley, in order to investigate how these women authorised themselves in their writings and what topoi they use to find a voice and place of their own. This comparison, furthermore, and the strikingly similar topoi that are used by the female visionaries not only allows to question and examine topics such as authority, authorship, images of voice and body; it also breaks down preconceived and artificial boundaries and definitions.
Arbeit an der Kultur
Authors: Neidhöfer Thilo
Published: May 2021

Margaret Mead und Gregory Bateson gehörten in den 1930er und 1940er Jahren zu den führenden Vertretern der Cultural Anthropology in den USA. Die Anthropologie bot ihnen nicht nur einen Schlüssel, um das Verhältnis von »culture« und »personality« besser zu verstehen, sondern diente ihnen ebenso als Werkzeug, um die Haltung der amerikanischen Bevölkerung mit Blick auf den Zweiten Weltkrieg abzustimmen und ihre Feinde zu bekämpfen. So glaubte das Wissenschaftlerpaar daran, dass nur durch Arbeit an der Kultur der Aufbau einer friedlichen Welt gelingen könne. Diesen Selbst- und Weltdeutungspraktiken spürt Thilo Neidhöfer am Beispiel ihrer Ehe nach.
Bürgerwehren in Deutschland
Authors: Bust-Bartels Nina Marie
Published: May 2021

Von scheinbar unpolitischen Nachbarschaftswachen bis zu organisierten rechtsextremen Patrouillen - immer häufiger inszenieren sich Bürger*innen als alternative Ordnungsmacht. Nina Marie Bust-Bartels hat Bürgerwehren auf ihren Streifzügen begleitet und liefert Einblicke in die politischen Motivationen der Mitglieder. Mit ihrer Studie an der Schnittstelle von Soziologie, Ethnologie und Politikwissenschaft zeigt sie, warum vor allem Männer das staatliche Gewaltmonopol infrage stellen. Darüber hinaus untersucht sie erstmals Bürgerwehren als Strategie rechtsextremer Akteure, die durch die Kontrolle des öffentlichen Raumes politische Macht gewinnen wollen.
Beziehungsfragen. Eine Einleitung / Relational Issues. An Introduction
Authors: Haas Annika , Haas Maximilian , Magauer Hanna , Pohl Dennis
Published: May 2021

Welches Wissen findet auf welche Weise Eingang in künstlerische Arbeiten, welches geht wie aus ihnen hervor? Inwiefern ist auch das wissenschaftliche Erkenntnishandeln durch ästhetische Fragestellungen und Methoden geprägt? Wie verhalten sich neuere Ansätze einer künstlerischen Forschung dazu? Und wie lassen sich ausgehend von Fragen des Relationalen - des In-Beziehung-Setzens von Akteur_ innen, Institutionen und Material - neue Wissenspolitiken entwickeln? Die Einleitung zeichnet nach, wie diese Fragen aus der Tagung »How to Relate: Aneignen, Vermitteln, Figurieren« (UdK Berlin, Juli 2018) hervorgegangen sind, wie der Band sie um weitere Impulse ergänzt und welche formalen Strategien in den Beiträgen für die Arbeit am Relationalen gefunden werden. Gegen einen Formalismus der Beziehung, der Relationalität an sich als Wert künstlerisch-wissenschaftlicher Praxis begreift, werden die Beiträge als in sich pluraler (Leit-)Faden für eine multidirektionale Arbeit am Politischen vorgestellt.
Becoming Common: Remarks on the (Im)Possibilities of Sharing
Authors: Liesen Maurício
Published: May 2021

This essay presents some brief remarks about the "becoming public" of art. Public is outlined here in its most radical sense, as a Latin translation of the Greek concept of the common. The latter is understood as an open and precarious space of relations in which every aesthetic phenomenon inevitably finds itself interwoven with ethical and political issues. This means that, in the commonality of what is public, art is not only about representation but also about representativeness, that is, a political problem that does not refer to the limits of expression but rather to the occupation of a place of visibility. To expose that common sphere, three ways of relating to this public realm are discussed in the light of a theoretical field that we could call the philosophies of communication, namely, figuration, mediation, and appropriation. In short, what is proposed is to deal with an apparent paradox: that if art »exists« only when communicated, when shared in this common space between humans, than at the same time it sacrifices its status of a mere object of art.
"Fame Is the Name of the Game": Aneignung und celebrity culture
Authors: Weingart Brigitte
Published: May 2021

Als öffentliche Kunstfiguren sind Celebrities per se Gegenstand von medialen Aneignungspraktiken, sind diese doch am Berühmtheitsstatus einer Person konstitutiv beteiligt. Auch deshalb gehört Aneignung nicht nur zu den Konzepten, mit denen produktive Rezeptionsweisen von Fans als solche gewürdigt werden (Stichwort prosumer). Die „media texts», aus denen sich Star-Images (Richard Dyer zufolge) zusammensetzen, sind überdies bevorzugte Gegenstände von Pop- und Appropriation Art, wo sich wiederum eigentümliche Beziehungstypen zwischen criticality und Faszination beobachten lassen. Am Beispiel des anonymen Amateurfoto-Projekts Type 42 - Fame Is the Name of the Game widmet sich der Beitrag den (nicht zuletzt technologisch begünstigten) Komplizenschaften von künstlerischen sowie Fan-Praktiken der Appropriation und den fließenden Übergängen von Obsession in Enteignung. Dabei macht in diesem Fall gerade die anonyme Urheberschaft ex negativo darauf aufmerksam, wie sehr die Rezeption von Aneignungspraktiken vom Wissen über Produktionskontexte und nicht zuletzt von der guten alten Frage nach der Autorschaft reguliert wird.
The 24/7 Bed: Privacy and Publicity in the Age of Social Media
Authors: Colomina Beatriz
Published: May 2021

How do we relate today when countless new technologies seem to structure every interaction? And what role does architecture play? What is the architecture of ubiquitous connectivity? Private and public have become completely blurred. We can no longer think of distinct spaces for work, play, domesticity, and rest. We are living in a 24/7 culture. Networked electronic technologies have removed any limit to what can be done in bed. Millions of dispersed beds are taking over from concentrated office buildings. The boudoir is defeating the tower. This text explores the role of the bed as the epicenter of labor, postlabor, and love in the age of social media.
Tools, Infrastrukturen und Räume des relationalen Forschens / Tools, Infrastructures, and Spaces of Relational Research
Authors: Pohl Dennis
Published: May 2021

Medien sind Teil des normierten Regelwerks einer Infrastruktur, worunter Keller Easterling eine »diffuse Matrix aus Details und wiederholbaren Formeln« versteht, mit denen zirkulierendes Wissen gefestigt wird. Oder wie es Reinhold Martin formuliert: »Infrastruktur ist alles, was sich wiederholt.« So gibt einerseits diese logistische Dimension den epistemischen Wirkungsradius von Medien gewissermaßen vor, wenn spätestens seit der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie von verteilter Handlungsmacht zwischen Menschen und Dingen und einer damit einhergehenden Neubestimmung des Sozialen die Rede ist. Andererseits eröffnet diese infrastrukturelle Bindung zugleich einen Handlungsspielraum für die Aneignung von Medien, womit eine Veränderung der durch die infrastrukturelle Matrix vorgegebenen ökonomischen, politischen und sozialen Bedingungen bewirkt werden kann.
Der planetare Test
Authors: Halpern Orit
Published: May 2021

1945 wurde in New Mexico die erste Atombombe gezündet. Der Trinity-Test war das Resultat einer der größten wissenschaftlichen Anstrengungen, die je unternommen wurden, und bahnte den Weg für die Entwicklung jener Bombe, die später den Namen „Fat Man» tragen und über Nagasaki abgeworfen werden würde. Der Test war bald kein Test mehr, sondern Realität. Angesichts der Explosion zitierte der wissenschaftliche Leiter des Manhattan Projects, J. Robert Oppenheimer, aus der Bhagavad Gita: »Wenn das Licht von tausend Sonnen am Himmel plötzlich bräch' hervor / das wäre gleich dem Glanze dieses Herrlichen.« Und als die große Wolke sich über der Wüste aufbaute, kam eine weitere Zeile aus derselben Schrift über seine Lippen: »[I]ch bin der Tod geworden, der Zerstörer der Welten.« Unfähig, die Auswirkungen dessen zu ertragen, was er selbst geholfen hatte zu entwerfen, würde er sich bald gegen seine eigene Erfindung wenden - eine Technologie, die die Welt in Trümmer legen würde. Einzig für den Zweck entworfen, zu töten, transformierte die Bombe gerade durch ihre tödliche Wirkung das gesamte Leben auf der Erde. Technologie und Leben sind seit diesem Test nicht länger voneinander trennbar.
Development of Single layered, Wide angle, Polarization insensitive Metamaterial Absorber
Authors: Sharma Atipriya , Panwar Ravi , Khanna Rajesh
Published: May 2021

The simultaneous achievement of multiband absorption, polarisation-insensitive, and angularly stable absorber is a difficult job. Therefore, in this article, an efficient single-layered absorber is designed, critically analysed, fabricated, and experimentally validated. The proposed model incorporates eight sectors loaded a circle inside the square. The four discrete absorption peaks are observed at 4.4 GHz, 6.0 GHz, 14.1 GHz, and 16.0 GHz manifesting absorption intensities of 94%, 84%, 82%, and 92%, respectively. Parametric studies have been also exercised to investigate the influence of discrete geometrical design variables on the proposed absorber. The proposed structure is symmetrical in geometry, consequence in polarisation-independent behaviour. The absorption mechanism is also explained by analysing the surface current, electric field, and magnetic field distributions. Besides, the complex electromagnetic parameters are extracted to realise the absorption phenomenon. Additionally, to validate the simulated results, an optimal sample is fabricated and the measured response is well-matched with simulated ones.