bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operation and coordination control of a DC micro‐grid incorporating all‐DC wind farm
Authors: Shi Tianyu , Shi Libao , Zhao Yue , Ni Yixin
Published: December 2017

This study constructs a detailed DC micro‐grid model with an all‐DC wind farm integration and other distributed generation (DG) units. The components of the system are built‐in dynamics of each part with their interconnections to a common DC bus. The study aims to implement the coordination control among DGs in both grid‐connected and intentional islanding operation modes maintaining the common DC bus voltage within an acceptable range with the help of micro‐source controllers at the local level and central controller at the global level. System analysis considers both wind energy and solar irradiance/temperature changes in combination with load power variations under a time‐domain simulation in MATLAb/SIMULINK™ environment. The examined dynamics shows that the coordination control scheme of each component can ensure the voltage stability and normal power transmission. The proposed scheme would be a feasible option for a sustainable DC micro‐grid application.
A deep narrowband survey for planetary nebulae at the outskirts of M 33
Authors: Galera-Rosillo R. , Corradi R. L. M. , Mampaso A.
Published: December 2017

Context. Planetary nebulae (PNe) are excellent tracers of stellar populations with low surface brightness, and therefore provide a powerful method to detect and explore the rich system of substructures discovered around the main spiral galaxies of the local group.

Aim. We searched the outskirts of the local group spiral galaxy M 33 (the Triangulum) for PNe to gain new insights into the extended stellar substructure on the northern side of the disc and to study the existence of a faint classical halo.

Methods. The search is based on wide field imaging covering a 4.5 square degree area out to a maximum projected distance of about 40 kpc from the centre of the galaxy. The PN candidates are detected by the combination of images obtained in narrowband filters selecting the [OIII]λ5007 Å and Hα + [NII] nebular lines and in the continuum g′ and r′ broadband filters.

Results. Inside the bright optical disc of M 33, eight new PN candidates were identified, three of which were spectroscopically confirmed. No PN candidates were found outside the limits of the disc. Fourteen additional sources showing [OIII] excess were also discovered.

Conclusions. The absence of bright PN candidates in the area outside the galaxy disc covered by this survey sets an upper limit to the luminosity of the underlying population of ~1.6 × 107 L⊙, suggesting the lack of a massive classical halo, which is in agreement with the results obtained using the red giant branch population.
Spectroscopic properties of a two-dimensional time-dependent Cepheid model
Authors: Vasilyev V. , Ludwig H.-G. , Freytag B. , Lemasle B. , Marconi M.
Published: December 2017

Context. Standard spectroscopic analyses of variable stars are based on hydrostatic 1D model atmospheres. This quasi-static approach has not been theoretically validated. Aim. We aim at investigating the validity of the quasi-static approximation for Cepheid variables. We focus on the spectroscopic determination of the effective temperature Teff, surface gravity log g, microturbulent velocity ξt, and a generic metal abundance log A, here taken as iron.

Methods. We calculated a grid of 1D hydrostatic plane-parallel models covering the ranges in effective temperature and gravity that are encountered during the evolution of a 2D time-dependent envelope model of a Cepheid computed with the radiation-hydrodynamics code CO5BOLD. We performed 1D spectral syntheses for artificial iron lines in local thermodynamic equilibrium by varying the microturbulent velocity and abundance. We fit the resulting equivalent widths to corresponding values obtained from our dynamical model for 150 instances in time, covering six pulsational cycles. In addition, we considered 99 instances during the initial non-pulsating stage of the temporal evolution of the 2D model. In the most general case, we treated Teff, log g, ξt, and log A as free parameters, and in two more limited cases, we fixed Teff and log g by independent constraints. We argue analytically that our approach of fitting equivalent widths is closely related to current standard procedures focusing on line-by-line abundances.

Results. For the four-parametric case, the stellar parameters are typically underestimated and exhibit a bias in the iron abundance of ≈−0.2 dex. To avoid biases of this type, it is favorable to restrict the spectroscopic analysis to photometric phases ϕph ≈ 0.3…0.65 using additional information to fix the effective temperature and surface gravity.

Conclusions. Hydrostatic 1D model atmospheres can provide unbiased estimates of stellar parameters and abundances of Cepheid variables for particular phases of their pulsations. We identified convective inhomogeneities as the main driver behind potential biases. To obtain a complete view on the effects when determining stellar parameters with 1D models, multidimensional Cepheid atmosphere models are necessary for variables of longer period than investigated here.
Insertion of the o-Aminophenol Core into Ninhydrin–Phenol Adducts: Migration of Ninhydrin Carbon Leading to N-Phenyl­benzoate-Substituted Phthalimides
Authors: Das Suven , Dutta Arpita , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta , Mahali Kalachand
Published: December 2017

An unexpected migration of a ninhydrin carbon bearing a phenolic subunit has been observed when phenolic adducts of ninhydrin reacted with 2-aminophenol in butan-1-ol at the reflux temperature. The products were unambiguously assigned as 2-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)phenyl benzoates on the basis of NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic analysis.
HMPA-Catalyzed One-Pot Multistep Hydrogenation Method for the Synthesis of 1,2,3-Trisubstituted Indolines
Authors: Wang C. , Sun J. , Zhu R. , Liang Q. , Gong Y. , Pu Q. , Wang Z. , Zhou L.
Published: December 2017

A convenient and facile method was developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3-trisubstituted indolines. Starting from indole derivatives and ketones/aldehydes, the corresponding indoline products could be obtained with high yield by the hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) catalyzed indole Friedel–Crafts reaction, reduction and direct reductive amination process.
Anal and Perineal Injuries
Authors: Jeganathan Arjun , Cannon Jeremy , Bleier Joshua
Published: December 2017

With increased use of explosive devices in warfare, anal trauma is often seen coupled with more complex pelviperineal injury. While the associated mortality is high, casualties that survive are often left with disabling fecal incontinence from damage to the anosphincteric complex. After resolution of the acute insult, the initial evaluation mandates a thorough physical exam, including endoscopic evaluation with rigid proctoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy, as well as adjunctive testing, specifically anal manometry and endoanal ultrasound. First-line therapy favors bulking agents and antidiarrheals, in conjunction with biofeedback, due to a minimal risk profile. Surgical options range from direct sphincter repairs to complex anosphincteric reconstruction with widely variable results. Most recently, burgeoning therapies in the treatment of fecal incontinence, including sacral nerve stimulation and magnetic anal sphincters, offer excellent alternatives with promising long-term outcomes. In summation, the goal of all interventions is the re-establishment of bowel continence, but, in its absence, permanent fecal diversion for devastating fecal incontinence is a reasonable option with excellent patient satisfaction scores.
Rituximab, IVIg, and Tetracosactide (ACTH1–24) Combination Immunotherapy (“RITE-CI”) for Pediatric Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome: Immunomarkers and Clinical Observations
Authors: Tate Elizabeth , Alber Michael , Awadalla Maha , Blumkin Lubov , Lina Elena , Leiz Steffen , Móser Judit , Pranzatelli Michael
Published: December 2017

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder with pervasive morbidity that warrants better treatments. Twelve children with moderate/severe OMS (total score 23 ± 6) who did not remit to multiple immunotherapies were evaluated for neuroinflammation in a case–control study using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocyte subset analysis by flow cytometry, chemokine/cytokine analysis by enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay (ELISA), and oligoclonal bands by immunofixation with isoelectric focusing. Observations made on empirical treatment with rituximab, IVIg, and tetracosactide combination immunotherapy (coined “RITE-CI”) were analyzed. All of the patients tested for multiple inflammatory markers were positive; 75% had ≥3 CSF markers. Fifty percent had CSF oligoclonal bands; 58%, B cell expansion; and 50 to 100%, elevated concentrations of multiple chemokines and neuronal/axonal marker neurofilament light chain. After RITE-CI, total score dropped significantly in the group (−85%, p < 0.0001) from moderate to trace, and by 2 to 4 severity categories in each patient. The 24-week schedule was well tolerated and clinically effective for moderate or severe OMS, as were other schedules. RITE-CI is feasible and effective as rescue therapy and presents an initial option for children with moderate/severe OMS. Though preliminary, the schedule can be adjusted to patient severity, propensity for relapse, and other factors.
Mandibular Reconstruction for Dental Implants with a Variation of Tent Pole Technique: Use of Computer-Aided Planning and Intraoperative Surgical Guide
Authors: Lauria Andrezza , Pinto Clarice Maia Soares Alcântara , de Moraes Márcio
Published: December 2017

This report describes the use of a computer-aided planning and intraoperative surgical guide for dental implants placement in the tent pole surgery. The surgical planning was established using DentalSlice program and the surgical guide for intraoperative surgical drilling and dental implants insertion was made by Bioparts. The surgical access was performed with a transcutaneous submental approach and using sequential drilling, suitable perforations and dental implants insertion were performed using the same surgical guide, without complications. The use of the proposed intraoperative surgical guide made from a computer-aided planning can minimize the matter of an improper angulation of dental implants in the tent pole technique, providing more appropriate positioning and angulation of these implants.
Nonsurgical Management of Persistent and Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus among Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Authors: Dolma Kalsang , Zayek Michael , Batten Lynn , Peevy Keith , Eyal Fabien , Bhat Ramachandra
Published: December 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a nonsurgical approach (with the incorporation of late postnatal hydrocortisone treatment to facilitate extubation) in comparison to the surgical approach for the management of persistent hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) among chronically ventilator-dependent extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Methods In this retrospective study, ELBW infants with a diagnosis of hsPDA (diagnosed based on the echocardiographic criteria and chronic ventilator dependence) that were persistent beyond 14 days of postnatal age despite adequate medical treatment were included.

Results Out of 127 infants (surgical approach group, n = 67 and nonsurgical approach group, n = 60), 72 infants were matched based on the propensity scores. In the matched cohort, in comparison to infants managed with the surgical approach (control group, n = 36), infants in the nonsurgical approach group (treatment group, n = 36) had a lower rate of surgical ligation (14 vs. 100%, p = < 0.001), but there were no differences in both primary outcome (death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) and secondary outcome measures.

Conclusion For chronically ventilator-dependent ELBW infants with persistent hsPDA, a nonsurgical management approach is associated with a reduced rate of surgical ligation of PDA, but not associated with increased risk of adverse major short-term neonatal outcomes.
New Targets for the Prevention of Chronic Rejection after Thoracic Organ Transplantation
Authors: Gocht Annika , Weyand Michael , Ensminger Stephan , Heim Christian
Published: December 2017

The gold standard for the treatment of terminal heart failure and irreversible lung diseases includes thoracic organ transplantation. The major obstacle for long-term survival after successful transplantation is chronic rejection, an ongoing immunomodulatory disease so far without effective therapy. Therefore, the aim of this review is to elucidate scientific efforts targeting different new mechanisms of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). For this purpose, we performed a systematic review of the literature to assess recent strategies in transplant immunology research. We searched MEDLINE from 2015 up to date for articles addressing the following keywords: CAV, transplant vasculopathy, transplant arteriosclerosis, CLAD, bronchiolitis obliterans transplant, and obliterative bronchiolitis transplant. All articles including experimental models in the field of transplant immunology addressing new aspects for the prevention of chronic rejection after heart and lung transplantation were included in this review. The prevention of chronic rejection would clearly improve the survival of patients after heart and lung transplantation. Interesting targets were addressed in recent research, but further research is necessary to effectively treat this life-threatening disease in transplant recipients.
Management des pulmonalen Rundherdes
Authors: Schaefer-Prokop Cornelia
Published: December 2017

Pulmonale Rundherde sind fokale rundliche Lungenparenchymverdichtungen, die über 3 mm und unter 3 cm groß sind. Sie haben je nach ihrer Größe, Form, Dichte und Lage, aber auch je nach Komorbidität und Alter des Patienten eine unterschiedliche Bedeutung. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt ihre Diagnostik und die ggf. notwendigen Kontrolluntersuchungen.
Interdisziplinäre Konzepte von Pädiatrie und Klinischer Pharmazie zur Optimierung der Antikonvulsivatherapie
Authors: Bertsche Thilo , Neininger Martina , Kaune Almuth , Schumacher Pia , Dumeier Henriette , Bernhard Matthias , Syrbe Steffen , Kiess Wieland , Merkenschlager Andreas , Bertsche Astrid
Published: December 2017

Für die Diagnostik von Epilepsien im Kindes- und Jugendalter und deren Behandlung mit Antikonvulsiva ist Expertise in unterschiedlichen Bereichen nötig. Der Patient profitiert dabei vom Zusammenwirken verschiedener Berufsgruppen. Risiken müssen reduziert und die in klinischen Studien gezeigte Wirksamkeit auch in eine möglichst gute Effektivität unter Routinebedingungen umgesetzt werden. Dabei sollten zunächst Aspekte der Arzneimittelverschreibung durch den Arzt berücksichtigt werden, wie etwa die Auswahl, Kombination und Dosierung der Antikonvulsiva. Dabei sollte die Arzneimittelanwendung nicht vergessen werden. Erst, wenn ein Antikonvulsivum richtig angewendet wird, kann der vom verordnenden Arzt gewünschte Therapieerfolg auch erreicht werden. Dabei sollten sich Maßnahmen nicht nur auf den Pflegedienst, sondern auch auf die Eltern, die Kinder und Jugendlichen selbst sowie Betreuer in Schulen und Kindertageseinrichtungen erstrecken. Durch theoretische Schulungen, praktische Übungen und regelmäßige Einbindung von Apothekern ins interdisziplinäre Behandlungsteam wird vermeidbaren arzneimittelbezogenen Problemen, die zu mangelnder Effektivität und dem Auftreten erhöhter Risiken führen können, vorgebeugt. Auf diese Weise wird nicht nur die Arzneimittel(therapie)sicherheit qualitativ verbessert, sondern auch die Teilhabe und Lebensqualität der Patienten und deren Familien positiv beeinflusst.
Belastbarkeit und sportliche Leistungsfähigkeit im Alter
Authors: Neumann G.
Published: December 2017

Zur Physiologie der Alterung gibt es zahlreiche Theorien, dennoch sind die Ursachen der Alterung noch
nicht vollständig geklärt, weil die Alterung nach genetisch festgelegten Gesetzmäßigkeiten abläuft. Der
Alterssport gehört zu den positiven Aktivitäten, welche den physischen Leistungsabbau verzögern hilft und
Zivilisationskrankheiten vorbeugt.

Ab der 6. Lebensdekade beginnt ein deutlicher Leistungsabfall in den Sportarten. Eine wesentliche Ursache
dafür ist der Muskelschwund (Sarkopenie), besonders von schnell kontrahierenden Muskelfasern. Im 80.
Lebensjahr ist aufgrund des Muskelschwunds im Durchschnitt nur 50 % der ursprünglichen Muskelkraft
verfügbar. Messbar wird der Leistungsrückgang an den Abnahmen von maximaler Sauerstoffaufnahme und
Herzfrequenz. Training im Alter kann deren Rückgang verzögern. Der Leistungsabfall bei beiden
Geschlechtern zwischen dem 30. bis 60. Lebensjahr beträgt nach Auswertung individueller Kasuistiken etwa
1–2 %/Jahr und vom 65. bis 85. Lebensjahr über 3 %/Jahr. Unterschiede im Leistungsrückgang ergeben sich
aus der möglichen Trainingsbelastung im Alter.
Alters- und geschlechterbezogene Referenzwerte für den Einsatz der Herzfrequenzvariabilität
in der Bewegungstherapie
Authors: Sammito S. , Böckelmann I.
Published: December 2017

Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert auf Basis von Herzfrequenzvariabilitätsanalysen (HRV-Analysen) an 673
gesunden Probanden alters- und geschlechtergetrennte Referenzwerte für eine 5-Minuten-Kurzzeitanalyse.
Hierdurch ist es neben intraindividuellen Längsschnittanalysen der HRV, die zur Evaluierung des Erfolgs
der therapeutischen Maßnahmen z. B. in der Bewegungstherapie eingesetzt werden, möglich, auch
Einzelmessungen bzw. Querschnittsanalysen auszuwerten, um eine aussagekräftige Interpretation der
Ergebnisse vorzunehmen.
Präoperatives Training bei künstlichem Knie- und Hüft-Ersatz
Authors: Giesche F. , Kalo K. , Vogt L.
Published: December 2017

Der körperliche Fitness- und Funktionszustand vor schweren Operationen (OP) steht mit einem perioperativ
erhöhten Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsrisiko, verlängerten Klinikverweildauern, verzögerter
Wiederherstellung der Alltagsfunktion respektive höheren Krankenhauskosten im Zusammenhang. Bei Patienten
mit orthopädisch-degenerativen OP-Indikationen des Knie- und Hüftgelenks ergab sich Evidenz für die
Wirksamkeit eines präoperativen Trainings im Hinblick auf die Verbesserung körperlicher Funktionen vor
OP, reduzierte Klinikverweildauern sowie eine schnellere Wiederherstellung alltagsrelevanter Funktionen
nach OP. Insgesamt scheinen Risikopatienten am meisten zu profitieren.
Atmosphärenvergiftung: Tuscheln und tratschen im Team
Authors: Jürgens Ute
Published: December 2017

Wo ist die Grenze zwischen informieren, freundlichem Foppen und lästern? Kennzeichen für das Lästern ist
das negative Beurteilen einer Person, das sich im Dialog steigert und immer abfälliger wird. Manchmal
rutschen wir unabsichtlich in dieses Verhalten hinein.
Nicht immer ist’s die Psyche
Authors: Mühlig Hans-Peter
Published: December 2017

Das traditionelle Feld der somato-psychischen Erscheinungen sind psychische Störungen, die sich auf der Basis einer organischen Erkrankung entwickeln. Die häufigsten körperlichen Ursachen sind Stoffwechselstörungen und endokrinologische Erkrankungen wie der Hyperparathyreoidismus. Der Fallbericht zeigt, wie eine Patientin, die an einer Nebenschilddrüsenfunktionsstörung erkrankt war, als depressiv abgetan wurde und die eigentliche Ursache ihrer Beschwerden erst spät und fast zufällig aufgedeckt wurde.
Hausarztzentrierte Versorgung – Verbesserungen der Versorgungsqualität nur langfristig zu erwarten
Authors: Potempa Christoph
Published: December 2017

Klora M et al. Evaluation der hausarztzentrierten Versorgung in Deutschland anhand von GKV-Routinedaten der AOK Rheinland/Hamburg. Z Evid
Fortbild Qual Gesundh wesen. 2017; 120: 21–30

Vor dem Hintergrund der gesundheitspolitischen Debatte um die hausarztzentrierte Versorgung (HzV) stellen die Autoren Klora et. al. mit
ihrer Studie eine gesundheitsökonomische Evaluation der HzV im Vergleich zur Standardversorgung vor und liefern wertvolle Hinweise dazu,
inwiefern Qualitätssteigerungen und Kostenreduktionen durch die aktuellen HzV-Versorgungsverträge erreicht werden können.
Temperament im Gleichgewicht
Authors: Hausser Tina
Published: December 2017

Jeder Mensch ist durch ein bestimmtes Temperament geprägt. Dabei unterscheidet man die vier Typen: Melancholiker, Phlegmatiker, Sanguiniker und Choleriker. Verschiebungen des Temperaments können sich in Form von psychischen und körperlichen Störungen manifestieren. Hinweise dafür liefern Augen-, Puls- und Zungendiagnose. Mit gezielten Empfehlungen für die Ernährung und Lebensführung lassen sich Störungen im Temperament ausgleichen. So können Krankheiten vorgebeugt oder gelindert werden.
Einschätzung von Ärzten zur medizinischen Versorgung mit oralen Antikoagulanzien
Authors: Eggebrecht Lisa , Prochaska Jürgen , Schleuter Leonie , Nagler Markus , Hardt Roland , Schinzel Helmut , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp
Published: December 2017

Hintergrund Mit der Einführung der direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAK) hat das Gebiet der antithrombotischen Therapie eine zunehmende Komplexität erfahren, da neben den etablierten Vitamin-K-Antagonisten (VKA) nun zahlreiche Therapiealternativen zur Verfügung stehen. Untersuchungen zur ärztlichen Bewertung der derzeitigen Behandlungssituation, welche für die Weiterentwicklung von Behandlungsstrategien neben Studien zur Pharmakovigilanz von großer Bedeutung sind, finden sich in der Literatur kaum.

Methoden Es wurden 11 700 praktizierende Ärzte in Rheinland-Pfalz zur Teilnahme an der webbasierten Befragung „Medizinische Versorgung mit oralen Antikoagulanzien (OAK)“ kontaktiert. Nach detaillierter Qualitätskontrolle wurden die ärztlichen Angaben der thrombEVAL-Ärztebefragung in Zusammenschau mit Versorgungsforschungsdaten zu VKA-Patienten des thrombEVAL-Studienprogramms (N = 2011) analysiert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 512 Ärzte (durchschnittliches Alter: 48,0 ± 9,6 Jahre; 74,0 % männlich) an der Studie teil. Die Versorgungsqualität mit OAK wurde mit „befriedigend“ (2,9 ± 0,9) bewertet. Im Vergleich zur medizinischen Regelversorgung zeigten die ärztlichen Angaben Abweichungen hinsichtlich der Einschätzung der Zeit im therapeutischen Bereich (+ 6,4 % [95 %-KI 2,7 %; 9,5 %]), der Länge der Kontrollabstände (– 35,0 % [28,0 %; 41,4 %]) sowie der OAK-bedingten Komplikationen (+ 61,8 % [37,8 %; 83,3 %]), deren Ausmaß in Facharztgruppen spezifische, statistisch-signifikante Unterschiede aufwies. Die Bereitschaft DOAK einzusetzen war bei Hausärzten ca. 50 % geringer als bei fachärztlich tätigen Ärzten (36,6 % [25,4 %; 47,8 %] vs. 72,4 % [66,0 %; 78,9 %]; p < 0,0001). Hinsichtlich des Managements der OAK-Therapie befürworteten 73,8 % (69,7 %; 77,9 %) die Einrichtung einer Beratungshotline sowie 67,3 % (62,9 %; 71,6 %) einen spezialisierten Gerinnungsdienst.

Diskussion Die vorliegende Ärztebefragung weist darauf hin, dass auf dem Gebiet der OAK-Therapie ein Optimierungsbedarf besteht. Die optimierte Therapie mit DOAK und VKA mit zusätzlicher Unterstützung durch spezialisierte Versorgungsangebote könnte zur Verbesserung der aktuellen Versorgungslage beitragen.
Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Vogel Claudia
Published: December 2017

Die Diagnose Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (früher Altersdiabetes genannt) wird weltweit immer
häufiger gestellt. Auch in Deutschland werden täglich bis zu 1000 Menschen erstmals mit
dieser Diagnose konfrontiert [1]. Ernährungsfachkräfte mit
Zusatzqualifikation sind gefordert.
Wie Körper und Seele miteinander verbunden sind
Authors: Hilpert-Mühlig Ursula
Published: December 2017

Körper und Psyche bilden eine Einheit und reagieren aufeinander: Dieses Ursache-Wirkungs-Prinzip gilt sowohl in der Naturheilkunde wie in der Psychosomatik. Beide ergänzen sich deshalb ideal. Erste Ansätze zur psychosomatischen Denkweise gab es bereits in der Antike. Im geschichtlichen Verlauf haben viele Konzepte zur Ausgestaltung der Psychosomatik geführt, maßgeblich auch die Psychoanalyse. Typische psychosomatische Krankheitsbilder sind nicht nur posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen, Angststörungen, Depressionen, sondern auch somatoforme Störungen wie Kopf- und Muskelschmerzen. Auch Krebserkrankungen und Multiple Sklerose zählen dazu.
Der Magen
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: December 2017

Der Magen ist ein muskulöses Hohlorgan des Verdauungstrakts. Die aufgenommene Nahrung wird darin durchmischt, mit dem sauren Magensaft vermengt und aufgespalten.
Die Auskultation des Abdomens
Authors: Sengebusch Jürgen , Herzog Michael
Published: December 2017

Die Auskultation des Bauches ist standardmäßig Teil der Abdomenuntersuchung.
Arbeitshilfen Bessere Kommunikation – Ein schwerer Gang, der sich lohnt
Authors: Holtel Markus
Published: December 2017

Über 1,5 Mio Dollar verlor das Veteran Affairs Medical Center in Lexington 1987 in den Gerichtsverfahren um zwei Behandlungsfehler. Und
änderte daraufhin radikal den Umgang mit unerwünschten Ereignissen: Man legte sie den Patienten nun frühzeitig offen. Zur allgemeinen
Überraschung war das sogar in finanzieller Hinsicht unproblematisch.
Study of the dielectric breakdown properties of CO2–O2 mixtures by considering electron detachments from negative ions
Authors: Zhao Hu , Tian Zengyao , Deng Yunkun , Li Xingwen , Lin Hui
Published: December 2017

The dielectric breakdown properties of CO2-O2 mixtures at different O2 concentrations and gas pressures were studied in this paper, with electron detachments from negative ions taken into consideration. The influences of the electron detachment on the reduced effective ionization coefficients αeff/N, the critical reduced electric fields (E/N)cr, the critical electron temperature Tcr, the breakdown reduced electric fields (E/N)breakdown, and the breakdown electron temperature Tbreakdown were analyzed for the CO2–O2 mixture. Based on the results, it was found that an enhancement in αeff/N and a decrease in (E/N)cr and Tcr were caused by the electron detachment, which appeared to be more significant at relatively low E/N and low gas pressures. With the increase in the pd product, both (E/N)breakdown and Tbreakdown in the CO2–O2 mixture decreased first and then tended to be a constant at relatively high pd products.
On-and-off chip cooling of a Coulomb blockade thermometer down to 2.8 mK
Authors: Palma M. , Scheller C. P. , Maradan D. , Feshchenko A. V. , Meschke M. , Zumbühl D. M.
Published: December 2017

Cooling nanoelectronic devices below 10 mK is a great challenge since thermal conductivities become very small, thus creating a pronounced sensitivity to heat leaks. Here, we overcome these difficulties by using adiabatic demagnetization of both the electronic leads and the large metallic islands of a Coulomb blockade thermometer. This reduces the external heat leak through the leads and also provides on-chip refrigeration, together cooling the thermometer down to 2.8 ± 0.1 mK. We present a thermal model which gives a good qualitative account and suggests that the main limitation is heating due to pulse tube vibrations. With better decoupling, temperatures below 1 mK should be within reach, thus opening the door for μK nanoelectronics.
Identification of the limiting factors for high-temperature GaAs, GaInP, and AlGaInP solar cells from device and carrier lifetime analysis
Authors: Perl E. E. , Kuciauskas D. , Simon J. , Friedman D. J. , Steiner M. A.
Published: December 2017

We analyze the temperature-dependent dark saturation current density and open-circuit voltage (VOC) for GaAs, GaInP, and AlGaInP solar cells from 25 to 400 °C. As expected, the intrinsic carrier concentration, ni, dominates the temperature dependence of the dark currents. However, at 400 °C, we measure VOC that is ∼50 mV higher for the GaAs solar cell and ∼60–110 mV lower for the GaInP and AlGaInP solar cells compared to what would be expected from commonly used solar cell models that consider only the ni2 temperature dependence. To better understand these deviations, we measure the carrier lifetimes of p-type GaAs, GaInP, and AlGaInP double heterostructures (DHs) from 25 to 400 °C using time-resolved photoluminescence. Temperature-dependent minority carrier lifetimes are analyzed to determine the relative contributions of the radiative recombination, interface recombination, Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, and thermionic emission processes. We find that radiative recombination dominates for the GaAs DHs with the effective lifetime approximately doubling as the temperature is increased from 25 °C to 400 °C. In contrast, we find that thermionic emission dominates for the GaInP and AlGaInP DHs at elevated temperatures, leading to a 3–4× reduction in the effective lifetime and ∼40× increase in the surface recombination velocity as the temperature is increased from 25 °C to 400 °C. These observations suggest that optimization of the minority carrier confinement layers for the GaInP and AlGaInP solar cells could help to improve VOC and solar cell efficiency at elevated temperatures. We demonstrate VOC improvement at 200–400 °C in GaInP solar cells fabricated with modified AlGaInP window and back surface field layers.
Diffusion and interactions of interstitials in hard-sphere interstitial solid solutions
Authors: van der Meer Berend , Lathouwers Emma , Smallenburg Frank , Filion Laura
Published: December 2017

Using computer simulations, we study the dynamics and interactions of interstitial particles in hard-sphere interstitial solid solutions. We calculate the free-energy barriers associated with their diffusion for a range of size ratios and densities. By applying classical transition state theory to these free-energy barriers, we predict the diffusion coefficients, which we find to be in good agreement with diffusion coefficients as measured using event-driven molecular dynamics simulations. These results highlight that transition state theory can capture the interstitial dynamics in the hard-sphere model system. Additionally, we quantify the interactions between the interstitials. We find that, apart from excluded volume interactions, the interstitial-interstitial interactions are almost ideal in our system. Lastly, we show that the interstitial diffusivity can be inferred from the large-particle fluctuations alone, thus providing an empirical relationship between the large-particle fluctuations and the interstitial diffusivity.
Acoustic Dirac degeneracy and topological phase transitions realized by rotating scatterers
Authors: Wen Xinhua , Qiu Chunyin , Lu Jiuyang , He Hailong , Ke Manzhu , Liu Zhengyou
Published: December 2017

The artificial crystals for classical waves provide a good platform to explore the topological physics proposed originally in condensed matter systems. In this paper, acoustic Dirac degeneracy is realized by simply rotating the scatterers in sonic crystals, where the degeneracy is induced accidentally by modulating the scattering strength among the scatterers during the rotation process. This gives a flexible way to create a topological phase transition in acoustic systems. Edge states are further observed along the interface separating the two topologically distinct gapped sonic crystals.
A 3D space coiling metamaterial with isotropic negative acoustic properties
Authors: Fu X. F. , Li G. Y. , Lu M. H. , Lu G. , Huang X.
Published: December 2017

We design a 3D acoustic metamaterial having a coiling resonant structure with high symmetry. Eigenstate analysis reveals that such a 3D metamaterial has two significant Mie-type eigenmodes, monopole and dipolar resonances. Large blocking of sound waves in the low-frequency range between monopole and dipolar resonances is observed numerically and experimentally. The effective properties extracted from the reflection and transmission coefficients show negative bulk modulus around the monopole resonant frequency and negative mass density around the dipolar resonant frequency. By employing the proposed two-scale model, the metamaterial system demonstrates the functionalities of sound cloaking and super-tunneling within a finite space.
Effect of wheel speed on magnetic and mechanical properties of melt spun Fe-6.5 wt.% Si high silicon steel
Authors: Ouyang Gaoyuan , Jensen Brandt , Tang Wei , Dennis Kevin , Macziewski Chad , Thimmaiah Srinivasa , Liang Yongfeng , Cui Jun
Published: December 2017

Fe-Si electric steel is the most widely used soft magnetic material in electric machines and transformers. Increasing the silicon content from 3.2 wt.% to 6.5 wt.% brings about large improvement in the magnetic and electrical properties. However, 6.5 wt.% silicon steel is inherited with brittleness owing to the formation of B2 and D03 ordered phase. To obtain ductility in Fe-6.5wt.% silicon steel, the ordered phase has to be bypassed with methods like rapid cooling. In present paper, the effect of cooling rate on magnetic and mechanical properties of Fe-6.5wt.% silicon steel is studied by tuning the wheel speed during melt spinning process. The cooling rate significantly alters the ordering and microstructure, and thus the mechanical and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction data shows that D03 ordering was fully suppressed at high wheel speeds but starts to nucleate at 10m/s and below, which correlates with the increase of Young’s modulus towards low wheel speeds as tested by nanoindentation. The grain sizes of the ribbons on the wheel side decrease with increasing wheel speeds, ranging from ∼100 μm at 1m/s to ∼8 μm at 30m/s, which lead to changes in coercivity.
Tunable ferromagnetic resonance behavior in Co2FeSi film by post-annealing
Authors: Xu Zhan , Zhang Zhi , Hu Fang , Li Xia , Liu Peng , Liu Er , Xu Feng
Published: December 2017

Co2FeSi film is potential in the spintronics applications, due to its low damping factor, which is reflected in the ferromagnetic resonance behavior. In this work, we demonstrate that the ferromagnetic resonance behavior in Co2FeSi film can be well engineered by post-annealing. After 450 °C post-annealing for 1 hour, the Gilbert damping factor decreases drastically from 0.039 at as-deposited state to 0.006, and the inhomogeneity contribution of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth decreases to 60.5 Oe. These decreases are ascribed to the crystallization of film from amorphous state to an ordered B2 phase. Higher annealing temperature, however, leads to the formation of the A2 phase with higher atomic disorder, instead of B2 phase, and brings about the increase of Gilbert damping.
Moore’s law realities for recording systems and memory storage components: HDD, tape, NAND, and optical
Authors: Fontana Robert E. , Decad Gary M.
Published: December 2017

This paper describes trends in the storage technologies associated with Linear Tape Open (LTO) Tape cartridges, hard disk drives (HDD), and NAND Flash based storage devices including solid-state drives (SSD). This technology discussion centers on the relationship between cost/bit and bit density and, specifically on how the Moore’s Law perception that areal density doubling and cost/bit halving every two years is no longer being achieved for storage based components. This observation and a Moore’s Law Discussion are demonstrated with data from 9-year storage technology trends, assembled from publically available industry reporting sources.
Graphene membrane dynamics provides a noncontact alternative for material characterization
Authors: Majors J. H.
Published: December 2017

Exploiting resonances via electrostatic actuations can be an alternative method for characterization of graphene membranes to atomic force microscopy.
Generation of a whole-brain atlas for the cholinergic system and mesoscopic projectome analysis of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons
Authors: Li Xiangning , Yu Bin , Sun Qingtao , Zhang Yalun , Ren Miao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Anan , Yuan Jing , Madisen Linda , Luo Qingming , Zeng Hongkui , Gong Hui , Qiu Zilong
Published: December 2017

Significance

The cholinergic system plays a critical role in neural modulation of the mammalian brain. Here, we generated a comprehensive atlas of the cholinergic system in the mouse brain via the whole-brain imaging and reconstruction system. In the whole-brain dataset, the cholinergic neurons were divided into three categories including cortical VIP neurons, long-range projection neurons, and brainstem motor neurons. After reconstructing the cholinergic neurons in a subregion of basal forebrain, we found that their projections to the forebrain and midbrain showed neuronal subgroups with distinct projection specificity. Our work presents three-dimensional information about the cholinergic system in the mouse brain, facilitating further studies of the cholinergic system.
Punishment diminishes the benefits of network reciprocity in social dilemma experiments
Authors: Li Xuelong , Jusup Marko , Wang Zhen , Li Huijia , Shi Lei , Podobnik Boris , Stanley H. Eugene , Havlin Shlomo , Boccaletti Stefano
Published: December 2017

Significance

The evolution of cooperation has a formative role in human societies—civilized life on Earth would be impossible without cooperation. However, it is unclear why cooperation would evolve in the first place because Darwinian selection favors selfish individuals. After struggling with this problem for >150 y, recent scientific breakthroughs have uncovered multiple cooperation-promoting mechanisms. We build on these breakthroughs by examining whether two widely known cooperation-promoting mechanisms—network reciprocity and costly punishment—create synergies in a social dilemma experiment. While network reciprocity fulfilled its expected role, costly punishment proved to be surprisingly ineffective in promoting cooperation. This ineffectiveness suggests that the rational response to punishment assumed in theoretical studies is overly stylized and needs reexamining.
Impacts, control and perception of introduced Crayfish in Thailand
Authors: Chaichana Ratcha , Wanjit Chinnawat
Published: December 2017

To gain more scientific understanding regarding Crayfish in a tropical climate since its first introduction in 1987, this research focused on perceptions of non-native species trading and invasive species as it relates to management. Pet store owners and farmers were interviewed. There are two Crayfish species in Thailand—Procambarus clarkii and Cherax quadricarinatus and the Crayfish trade is expanding due to high demand. The results demonstrated that respondents had a basic knowledge of Crayfish biology, primarily related to farming production. However, most respondents lacked understanding of the negative impact and invasiveness of Crayfish and, therefore, the potential risk of invasion. Respondents suggested: (1) controlling invasive species by the government using stringent law enforcement and prohibition of the release of nonnative species into the wild and harsher legal penalties for those who do not comply with the law; and (2) an educational campaign, especially on the negative impacts of Crayfish, should be publicized targeting both traders and pet owners. We further examined Crayfish biology and behavior using a laboratory experiment. The study considered the impact of different densities of Crayfish in captivity on survival rates and tolerance of Crayfish to different environmental conditions. The potential effects of native freshwater species as control agents for Crayfish were also determined. Results revealed that stocking Crayfish at a high density tended to achieve higher growth and survival rates than at a low density, as Crayfish reared at a high density were unable to exhibit agonistic (fighting) behavior in a very confined area. It was also revealed that Crayfish are sensitive to polluted water conditions (dissolved oxygen 2.55 ± 0.25 mg l−1; biological oxygen demand 8.45 ± 0.04 mg l−1) and could not survive there very long. This intolerance limits the potential of Crayfish to spread further to other water bodies in Thailand. Biological control agents demonstrated that Anabus testudineus, or the Climbing Perch, appeared to be the most effective predator and may help resist invasion of exotic Crayfish in the wild.
When E-cadherin is away, centrosomes can play
Authors: Vargas-Hurtado Diana , Basto Renata
Published: December 2017

Centrosome clustering is a process frequently used by cancer cells with extra centrosomes to avoid multipolar divisions. How cell-intrinsic properties influence clustering is not entirely known. In this issue, Rhys et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201704102) report an unexpected link between clustering capacity and cortical contractility through E-cadherin and DDR1 proteins.
Small Ca2+ releases enable hour-long high-frequency contractions in midshipman swimbladder muscle
Authors: Nelson Frank E. , Hollingworth Stephen , Marx James O. , Baylor Stephen M. , Rome Lawrence C.
Published: December 2017

Type I males of the Pacific midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) vibrate their swimbladder to generate mating calls, or “hums,” that attract females to their nests. In contrast to the intermittent calls produced by male Atlantic toadfish (Opsanus tau), which occur with a duty cycle (calling time divided by total time) of only 3–8%, midshipman can call continuously for up to an hour. With 100% duty cycles and frequencies of 50–100 Hz (15°C), the superfast muscle fibers that surround the midshipman swimbladder may contract and relax as many as 360,000 times in 1 h. The energy for this activity is supported by a large volume of densely packed mitochondria that are found in the peripheral and central regions of the fiber. The remaining fiber cross section contains contractile filaments and a well-developed network of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and triadic junctions. Here, to understand quantitatively how Ca2+ is managed by midshipman fibers during calling, we measure (a) the Ca2+ pumping-versus-pCa and force-versus-pCa relations in skinned fiber bundles and (b) changes in myoplasmic free [Ca2+] (Δ[Ca2+]) during stimulated activity of individual fibers microinjected with the Ca2+ indicators Mag-fluo-4 and Fluo-4. As in toadfish, the force–pCa relation in midshipman is strongly right-shifted relative to the Ca2+ pumping–pCa relation, and contractile activity is controlled in a synchronous, not asynchronous, fashion during electrical stimulation. SR Ca2+ release per action potential is, however, approximately eightfold smaller in midshipman than in toadfish. Midshipman fibers have a larger time-averaged free [Ca2+] during activity than toadfish fibers, which permits faster Ca2+ pumping because the Ca2+ pumps work closer to their maximum rate. Even with midshipman’s sustained release and pumping of Ca2+, however, the Ca2+ energy cost of calling (per kilogram wet weight) is less than twofold more in midshipman than in toadfish.
Sex-Specific Differences in Oxytocin Receptor Expression and Function for Parental Behavior
Authors: Mitre Mariela , Kranz Thorsten M. , Marlin Bianca J. , Schiavo Jennifer K. , Erdjument-Bromage Hediye , Zhang Xinying , Minder Jess , Neubert Thomas A. , Hackett Troy A. , Chao Moses V. , Froemke Robert C.
Published: December 2017

Parental care is among the most profound behavior expressed by humans and other animals. Despite intense interest in understanding the biological basis of parental behaviors, it remains unknown how much of parenting is encoded by the genome and which abilities instead are learned or can be refined by experience. One critical factor at the intersection between innate behaviors and experience-dependent learning is oxytocin, a neurohormone important for maternal physiology and neuroplasticity. Oxytocin acts throughout the body and brain to promote prosocial and maternal behaviors and modulates synaptic transmission to affect neural circuit dynamics. Recently we developed specific antibodies to mouse oxytocin receptors, found that oxytocin receptors are left lateralized in female auditory cortex, and examined how oxytocin enables maternal behavior by sensitizing the cortex to infant distress sounds. In this study we compare oxytocin receptor expression and function in male and female mice. Receptor expression is higher in adult female left auditory cortex than in right auditory cortex or males. Developmental profiles and mRNA expression were comparable between males and females. Behaviorally, male and female mice began expressing parental behavior similarly after cohousing with experienced females; however, oxytocin enhanced parental behavior onset in females but not males. This suggests that left lateralization of oxytocin receptor expression in females provides a mechanism for accelerating maternal behavior onset, although male mice can also effectively co-parent after experience with infants. The sex-specific pattern of oxytocin receptor expression might genetically predispose female cortex to respond to infant cues, which both males and females can also rapidly learn.
A lower bound for the dimension of a highest weight module
Authors: Goldstein Daniel , Guralnick Robert , Stong Richard
Published: December 2017

For each integer

t
>
0

t>0

and each simple Lie algebra

g

\mathfrak {g}

, we determine the least dimension of an irreducible highest weight representation of

g

\mathfrak {g}

whose highest weight has width

t
t

. As a consequence, we classify all irreducible modules whose dimension equals a product of two primes. This consequence, which was in fact the driving force behind our paper, answers a question of N. Katz.
The Informational Needs and Preferences of Patients Considering Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis: Results of a Qualitative Study
Authors: Baker Daniel Mark , Lee Matthew James , Jones Georgina Louise , Brown Steven Ross , Lobo Alan Joseph
Published: December 2017

Background

Patients considering surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC) face a difficult decision as surgery may or may not improve quality of life. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines for UC emphasize the importance of providing quality preoperative information to patients but note no quality studies for the desired content of this information. Our aim was to explore patient information preferences prior to undergoing surgery for ulcerative colitis.

Methods

Semistructured interviews with patients who underwent an operation and patients who considered but declined an operation were conducted. Interviews explored informational preferences, with emphasis on preoperative information given, preoperative information desired but not received, and retrospective informational desires. Interviews were transcribed and coded using an inductive thematic analysis using NVivo software. Data saturation was assessed after 12 interviews, with interviews continuing until saturation was achieved. Ethical approval was gained prior to interviews commencing (16/NW/0639).

Results

A total of 16 interviews were conducted before data saturation was achieved (male n = 7, female n = 9). Eight patients declined surgery, and 8 opted for subtotal colectomy with permanent end ileostomy (n = 5) or ileoanal pouch (n = 3). A total of 4 themes and 14 subthemes were identified. Three dominant subthemes of informational shortcomings emerged: “long-term effects of surgery,” “practicalities of daily living,” and “long-term support.” Peer support was desired by patients but was infrequently supported by health care professionals.

Conclusions

Current preoperative information does not address patient informational needs. Surgical consultations should be adapted to suit patient preferences. Clinical practice may need to be altered to ensure that patients are better supported following surgery.