bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A highly accurate dynamic contact angle algorithm for drops on inclined surface based on ellipse-fitting
Authors: Xu Z. N. , Wang S. Y.
Published: February 2015

To improve the accuracy in the calculation of dynamic contact angle for drops on the inclined surface, a significant number of numerical drop profiles on the inclined surface with different inclination angles, drop volumes, and contact angles are generated based on the finite difference method, a least-squares ellipse-fitting algorithm is used to calculate the dynamic contact angle. The influences of the above three factors are systematically investigated. The results reveal that the dynamic contact angle errors, including the errors of the left and right contact angles, evaluated by the ellipse-fitting algorithm tend to increase with inclination angle/drop volume/contact angle. If the drop volume and the solid substrate are fixed, the errors of the left and right contact angles increase with inclination angle. After performing a tremendous amount of computation, the critical dimensionless drop volumes corresponding to the critical contact angle error are obtained. Based on the values of the critical volumes, a highly accurate dynamic contact angle algorithm is proposed and fully validated. Within nearly the whole hydrophobicity range, it can decrease the dynamic contact angle error in the inclined plane method to less than a certain value even for different types of liquids.
SO(N) restricted Schur polynomials
Authors: Kemp Garreth
Published: February 2015

We focus on the 1/4-BPS sector of free super Yang-Mills theory with an SO(N) gauge group. This theory has an AdS/CFT (an equivalence between a conformal field theory in d-1 dimensions and type II string theory defined on an AdS space in d-dimensions) dual in the form of type IIB string theory with AdS5×RP5 geometry. With the aim of studying excited giant graviton dynamics, we construct an orthogonal basis for this sector of the gauge theory in this work. First, we demonstrate that the counting of states, as given by the partition function, and the counting of restricted Schur polynomials match by restricting to a particular class of Young diagram labels. We then give an explicit construction of these gauge invariant operators and evaluate their two-point function exactly. This paves the way to studying the spectral problem of these operators and their D-brane duals.
Effect of the hexagonal phase interlayer on rectification properties of boron nitride heterojunctions to silicon
Authors: Teii K. , Ito H. , Katayama N. , Matsumoto S.
Published: February 2015

Rectification properties of boron nitride/silicon p-n heterojunction diodes fabricated under low-energy ion impact by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition are studied in terms of the resistive sp2-bonded boron nitride (sp2BN) interlayer. A two-step biasing technique is developed to control the fraction of cubic boron nitride (cBN) phase and, hence, the thickness of the sp2BN interlayer in the films. The rectification ratio at room temperature is increased up to the order of 104 at ±10 V of biasing with increasing the sp2BN thickness up to around 130 nm due to suppression of the reverse leakage current. The variation of the ideality factor in the low bias region is related to the interface disorders and defects, not to the sp2BN thickness. The forward current follows the Frenkel-Poole emission model in the sp2BN interlayer at relatively high fields when the anomalous effect is assumed. The transport of the minority carriers for reverse current is strongly limited by the high bulk resistance of the thick sp2BN interlayer, while that of the major carriers for forward current is much less affected.
Ferromagnetic spin coupling in the chromium dimer cation: Measurements by photodissociation spectroscopy combined with coupled-cluster calculations
Authors: Egashira Kazuhiro , Yamada Yurika , Kita Yukiumi , Tachikawa Masanori
Published: February 2015

The magnetic coupling of the chromium dimer cation, Cr2+, has been an outstanding problem for decades. An optical absorption spectrum of Cr2+ has been obtained by photodissociation spectroscopy in the photon-energy range from 2.0 to 5.0 eV. Besides, calculations have been performed by the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method for vertical excitation of the species. Their coincidence supports our assignment that the ground electronic state exhibits a ferromagnetic spin coupling, which is contrary to those of neutral and negatively charged dimers, Cr2 and Cr2−, in their lowest spin states.
Probing iron at Super-Earth core conditions
Authors: Amadou N. , Brambrink E. , Vinci T. , Benuzzi-Mounaix A. , Huser G. , Brygoo S. , Morard G. , Guyot F. , de Resseguier T. , Mazevet S. , Miyanishi K. , Ozaki N. , Kodama R. , Henry O. , Raffestin D. , Boehly T. , Koenig M.
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we report on the quasi-isentropic compression of an iron sample using ramp shaped laser irradiation. This technique allows us to quasi-isentropically compress iron up to 700 GPa and 8500 K. To our knowledge, these data are the highest pressures reached on iron in off-Hugoniot conditions and the closest to the thermodynamic states thought to exist in Earth-like planetary cores. The experiment was performed on the Ligne d'Intégration laser facility at CESTA, Bordeaux, France.
Numerical simulation of fluid flow through random packs of ellipses
Authors: Matsumura Y. , Jenne D. , Jackson T. L.
Published: February 2015

The effect of particle shape on permeability is investigated by means of numerical methods of fluid flow through two-dimensional, periodic, random packs of ellipses. We solve the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations on a Cartesian grid and use the immersed boundary method to treat internal flow boundaries. The effect of porosity, aspect ratio, and Reynolds number on the macroscopic permeability and tortuosity is studied. For small Reynolds numbers, it is shown that an area-preserving deformation of a pack of disks, generating a pack of ellipses, can lead to significant variations in the permeability. However, if the ellipses are randomly packed, so that the alignment of their axes is random, the shape effect is small. Irrespective of orientation, the aspect ratio has a strong effect on the tortuosity at all values of the porosity. We also show that the parameters in the Carman-Kozeny equation are not constant but are functions of porosity and aspect ratio. For larger Reynolds numbers, we show results for random packs of bidisperse and polydisperse cylinders, as well as for ellipses. We find that a modified Forchheimer equation can well characterize the flow.
Compact tunable Compton x-ray source from laser-plasma accelerator and plasma mirror
Authors: Tsai Hai-En , Wang Xiaoming , Shaw Joseph M. , Li Zhengyan , Arefiev Alexey V. , Zhang Xi , Zgadzaj Rafal , Henderson Watson , Khudik V. , Shvets G. , Downer M. C.
Published: February 2015

We present an in-depth experimental-computational study of the parameters necessary to optimize a tunable, quasi-monoenergetic, efficient, low-background Compton backscattering (CBS) x-ray source that is based on the self-aligned combination of a laser-plasma accelerator (LPA) and a plasma mirror (PM). The main findings are (1) an LPA driven in the blowout regime by 30 TW, 30 fs laser pulses produce not only a high-quality, tunable, quasi-monoenergetic electron beam, but also a high-quality, relativistically intense (a0 ∼ 1) spent drive pulse that remains stable in profile and intensity over the LPA tuning range. (2) A thin plastic film near the gas jet exit retro-reflects the spent drive pulse efficiently into oncoming electrons to produce CBS x-rays without detectable bremsstrahlung background. Meanwhile, anomalous far-field divergence of the retro-reflected light demonstrates relativistic “denting” of the PM. Exploiting these optimized LPA and PM conditions, we demonstrate quasi-monoenergetic (50% FWHM energy spread), tunable (75–200 KeV) CBS x-rays, characteristics previously achieved only on more powerful laser systems by CBS of a split-off, counter-propagating pulse. Moreover, laser-to-x-ray photon conversion efficiency (∼6 × 10−12) exceeds that of any previous LPA-based quasi-monoenergetic Compton source. Particle-in-cell simulations agree well with the measurements.
On the physical processes ruling an atmospheric pressure air glow discharge operating in an intermediate current regime
Authors: Prevosto L. , Kelly H. , Mancinelli B. , Chamorro J. C. , Cejas E.
Published: February 2015

Low-frequency (100 Hz), intermediate-current (50 to 200 mA) glow discharges were experimentally investigated in atmospheric pressure air between blunt copper electrodes. Voltage–current characteristics and images of the discharge for different inter-electrode distances are reported. A cathode-fall voltage close to 360 V and a current density at the cathode surface of about 11 A/cm2, both independent of the discharge current, were found. The visible emissive structure of the discharge resembles to that of a typical low-pressure glow, thus suggesting a glow-like electric field distribution in the discharge. A kinetic model for the discharge ionization processes is also presented with the aim of identifying the main physical processes ruling the discharge behavior. The numerical results indicate the presence of a non-equilibrium plasma with rather high gas temperature (above 4000 K) leading to the production of components such as NO, O, and N which are usually absent in low-current glows. Hence, the ionization by electron-impact is replaced by associative ionization, which is independent of the reduced electric field. This leads to a negative current-voltage characteristic curve, in spite of the glow-like features of the discharge. On the other hand, several estimations show that the discharge seems to be stabilized by heat conduction; being thermally stable due to its reduced size. All the quoted results indicate that although this discharge regime might be considered to be close to an arc, it is still a glow discharge as demonstrated by its overall properties, supported also by the presence of thermal non-equilibrium.
A novel alternating current multiple array electrothermal micropump for lab-on-a-chip applications
Authors: Salari A. , Navi M. , Dalton C.
Published: February 2015

The AC electrothermal technique is very promising for biofluid micropumping, due to its ability to pump high conductivity fluids. However, compared to electroosmotic micropumps, a lack of high fluid flow is a disadvantage. In this paper, a novel AC multiple array electrothermal (MAET) micropump, utilizing multiple microelectrode arrays placed on the side-walls of the fluidic channel of the micropump, is introduced. Asymmetric coplanar microelectrodes are placed on all sides of the microfluidic channel, and are actuated in different phases: one, two opposing, two adjacent, three, or all sides at the same time. Micropumps with different combinations of side electrodes and cross sections are numerically investigated in this paper. The effect of the governing parameters with respect to thermal, fluidic, and electrical properties are studied and discussed. To verify the simulations, the AC MAET concept was then fabricated and experimentally tested. The resulted fluid flow achieved by the experiments showed good agreement with the corresponding simulations. The number of side electrode arrays and the actuation patterns were also found to greatly influence the micropump performance. This study shows that the new multiple array electrothermal micropump design can be used in a wide range of applications such as drug delivery and lab-on-a-chip, where high flow rate and high precision micropumping devices for high conductivity fluids are needed.
Communication: Pair interaction ordering in fluids with random interactions
Authors: Shagolsem Lenin S. , Osmanović Dino , Peleg Orit , Rabin Yitzhak
Published: February 2015

We use molecular dynamics simulations in 2D to study multi-component systems in the limiting case where all the particles are different (APD). The particles are assumed to interact via Lennard-Jones potentials, with identical size parameters but their pair interaction parameters are generated at random from a uniform or from a peaked distribution. We analyze both the global and the local properties of these systems at temperatures above the freezing transition and find that APD fluids relax into a non-random state characterized by clustering of particles according to the values of their pair interaction parameters (particle-identity ordering).
Microstructure of V-based ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures at a reduced annealing temperature
Authors: Schmid A. , Schroeter Ch. , Otto R. , Schuster M. , Klemm V. , Rafaja D. , Heitmann J.
Published: February 2015

Ohmic contacts with V/Al/Ni/Au and V/Ni/Au metalization schemes were deposited on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. The dependence of the specific contact resistance on the annealing conditions and the V:Al thickness ratio was shown. For an optimized electrode stack, a low specific contact resistance of 8.9 × 10−6 Ω cm2 was achieved at an annealing temperature of 650 °C. Compared to the conventional Ti/Al/Ni/Au contact, this is a reduction of 150 K. The microstructure and contact formation at the AlGaN/metal interface were investigated by transmission electron microscopy including high-resolution micrographs and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. It was shown that for low-resistive contacts, the resistivity of the metalization has to be taken into account. The V:Al thickness ratio has an impact on the formation of different intermetallic phases and thus is crucial for establishing ohmic contacts at reduced annealing temperatures.
Low temperature X-ray imaging of magnetic flux patterns in high temperature superconductors
Authors: Stahl Claudia , Ruoß Stephen , Weigand Markus , Bechtel Michael , Schütz Gisela , Albrecht Joachim
Published: February 2015

We present X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) microscopy results obtained at liquid nitrogen temperatures on the high-Tc superconductor YBCO (YBa2Cu3O7–δ). The magnetic flux distribution arising from electric currents in the superconductor is detected and visualized using soft-magnetic Co40Fe40B20 (CoFeB) as sensor layer and XMCD as contrast mechanism. It has been shown that the XMCD contrast in the sensor layer directly corresponds to magnetic flux distribution of the superconductor and hence can be used to image magnetic structures in superconductors [Stahl et al., Phys. Rev. B 90, 104515 (2014)]. The existing scanning UHV X-ray microscopy setup MAXYMUS at the synchrotron BESSY II in Berlin has been upgraded for that purpose: we use a nitrogen based MMR Micro Miniature Joule-Thompson Cryostat with temperature range from 75 K to 580 K. The capability of the method is demonstrated on two different superconducting samples, an optimally doped thin film and a melt-textured block.
Particle-in-cell simulation of large amplitude ion-acoustic solitons
Authors: Sharma Sarveshwar , Sengupta Sudip , Sen Abhijit
Published: February 2015

The propagation of large amplitude ion-acoustic solitons is studied in the laboratory frame (x, t) using a 1-D particle-in-cell code that evolves the ion dynamics by treating them as particles but assumes the electrons to follow the usual Boltzmann distribution. It is observed that for very low Mach numbers the simulation results closely match the Korteweg-de Vries soliton solutions, obtained in the wave frame, and which propagate without distortion. The collision of two such profiles is observed to exhibit the usual solitonic behaviour. As the Mach number is increased, the given profile initially evolves and then settles down to the exact solution of the full non-linear Poisson equation, which then subsequently propagates without distortion. The fractional change in amplitude is found to increase linearly with Mach number. It is further observed that initial profiles satisfying k2λde2<1 break up into a series of solitons.
A singular finite element technique for calculating continuum damping of Alfvén eigenmodes
Authors: Bowden G. W. , Hole M. J.
Published: February 2015

Damping due to continuum resonances can be calculated using dissipation-less ideal magnetohydrodynamics provided that the poles due to these resonances are properly treated. We describe a singular finite element technique for calculating the continuum damping of Alfvén waves. A Frobenius expansion is used to determine appropriate finite element basis functions on an inner region surrounding a pole due to the continuum resonance. The location of the pole due to the continuum resonance and mode frequency is calculated iteratively using a Galerkin method. This method is used to find the complex frequency and mode structure of a toroidicity-induced Alfvén eigenmode in a large aspect ratio circular tokamak and is shown to agree closely with a complex contour technique.
High-efficiency transition between rectangular waveguide and domino plasmonic waveguide
Authors: Liu Liangliang , Li Zhuo , Xu Bingzheng , Gu Changqing , Chen Chen , Ning Pingping , Yan Jian , Chen Xingyu
Published: February 2015

In this work, we propose an optimized transition structure to realize smooth and high efficiency conversion from the guided wave supported by a conventional rectangular waveguide (CRW) to the domino plasmon polaritons (DPPs) supported by a domino plasmonic waveguide (DPW) and vice versa in the X-band (8.2GHz∼12.4GHz). This transition structure consists of two tapered CRWs connected by a gradient domino array with optimized gradient heights and lateral widths. Experimental results of the S-parameters show excellent agreement with the simulations and the optimization scheme can be readily extended to other bands. Furthermore, a domino plasmonic power divider is implemented to demonstrate the application of the transition structure in the integration of conventional microwave circuits with plasmonic devices.
Sakiadis flow of Maxwell fluid considering magnetic field and convective boundary conditions
Authors: Mustafa M. , Khan Junaid Ahmad , Hayat T. , Alsaedi A.
Published: February 2015

In this paper we address the flow of Maxwell fluid due to constantly moving flat radiative surface with convective condition. The flow is under the influence of non-uniform transverse magnetic field. The velocity and temperature distributions have been evaluated numerically by shooting approach. The solution depends on various interesting parameters including local Deborah number De, magnetic field parameter M, Prandtl number Pr and Biot number Bi. We found that variation in velocity with an increase in local Deborah number De is non-monotonic. However temperature is a decreasing function of local Deborah number De.
Ontario's infrastructure boom: a socioecological fix for air pollution, congestion, jobs, and profits
Authors: Nugent James Patrick
Published: February 2015

Infrastructure projects provide a spatial fix by increasing the scale and rate of capital accumulation, and because infrastructure projects themselves absorb massive amounts of productive and finance capital. I seek to explain the timing, character, and consequences of a Can $85 billion infrastructure boom in Canada's largest province, Ontario, between 2003 until 2013. I focus on the expansion and privatization of environmentally oriented infrastructure in Ontario via three policies: the conversion of public coal power plants to private natural gas and nuclear facilities; the Green Energy Act (a renewable energy feed-in tariffs programme); and The Big Move (a Can $50 billion dollar rapid transit plan using a public–private partnership model). I employ a Polanyian– O'Connor approach to emphasize the role of labour, environmental groups, and other social movement groups in bringing these investments about. I argue that infrastructure investments are not only a spatial fix aimed at finding capital a safe long-term investment and addressing class struggles around job creation. In Ontario these infrastructure investments have also provided the state with a broader socioecological fix for the economic and political contradictions stemming from air pollution and congestion. Social movements have pressured the government to address what James O'Connor refers to as the underproduction of the conditions of production: that is, degraded human health and quality of life; a deteriorating environment; and inadequate public infrastructure. Throughout the paper I emphasize how the socioecological fix in Ontario is being accomplished by advancing the neoliberal governance of public infrastructure. I point to how these neoliberal socioecological fixes are simply displacing socioecological crises to new spatial and temporal scales.
Nonuniform Changes in the Distribution of Visual Attention from Visual Complexity and Action: A Driving Simulation Study
Authors: Park George D , Reed Catherine L
Published: February 2015

Researchers acknowledge the interplay between action and attention, but typically consider action as a response to successful attentional selection or the correlation of performance on separate action and attention tasks. We investigated how concurrent action with spatial monitoring affects the distribution of attention across the visual field. We embedded a functional field of view (FFOV) paradigm with concurrent central object recognition and peripheral target localization tasks in a simulated driving environment. Peripheral targets varied across 20–60 deg eccentricity at 11 radial spokes. Three conditions assessed the effects of visual complexity and concurrent action on the size and shape of the FFOV: (1) with no background, (2) with driving background, and (3) with driving background and vehicle steering. The addition of visual complexity slowed task performance and reduced the FFOV size but did not change the baseline shape. In contrast, the addition of steering produced not only shrinkage of the FFOV, but also changes in the FFOV shape. Nonuniform performance decrements occurred in proximal regions used for the central task and for steering, independent of interference from context elements. Multifocal attention models should consider the role of action and account for nonhomogeneities in the distribution of attention.
Translating film titles
Authors: Ruiz José Santaemilia , Pardo Betlem Soler
Published: February 2015

In Spain, as in the rest of the non-Anglophone Western world, English-language film titles have become texts (or paratexts) of great cultural importance. The titles of the films that one may encounter in Western cinema can be considered, on the one hand ephemeral, elusive, and inconsequential. However, on the other hand, despite their clear irrelevance, film titles are considered to be the genuine contemporary cultural texts, for their continued presence in the media and for their evocative nature: an important marketing tool. Moreover, the result of what happens when film titles are translated into other languages and cultures has always intrigued the audience: this is perhaps indicative of the vast universe of translation studies. The differences between languages are palpable, not only from a linguistic point of view but also from a pragmatic, historical or cultural standpoint.
In this paper, we deal with the translation of Quentin Tarantino’s film titles into a number of European languages, including Spanish, Catalan, French and German. Quentin Tarantino’s films are controversial, self-reflexive and have acquired a significant recognition within popular culture. Most of the typologies employed so far have revolved around the notion of ‘fidelity” in the translation of film titles, and involving such strategies as literal translation, transposition, addition, etc.
We wish to propose here another avenue for investigation: that of film-title translation as a complex (and globalised) rewriting phenomenon that benefits the commercial and ideological interests of the film industry.
Los estereotipos sociales a través del filtro de la traducción
Authors: Moreno Gemma Andújar
Published: February 2015

Cultural referents not only designate specific realities of a given culture which do not always exist in another but they are also semantic elements which trigger social representations. By conveying values and points of view about different social groups, cultural referents become linguistic instruments to build stereotypes. These thought patterns are shared by the members of a social or cultural community and act as a filter of reality. The aim of this paper is to study the role of cultural referents in the construction of social stereotypes, focusing on the socio-cognitive universe they evoke. To this end, we have analyzed the translations techniques applied in the Spanish, Catalan and English versions of a novel which has been very successful on the French literary scene: Muriel Barbery’sL’Élégance du hérisson(2006). As show the results of this textual comparison, the explanations, descriptions and additional information observed in target texts do not trigger the same associations as cultural referents do in the source text. Translational approaches are too limited when it comes to achieve linguistic adequacy to different world visions. Therefore, translation must be conceived as an encounter between two cultural systems, in which the translator must build bridges, not so much between two linguistic systems as between the social perceptions and values of two different cultural communities.
Revisión y propuesta de clasificación de corpus
Authors: Faya Ornia Goretti
Published: February 2015

In this article we first focus on some of the most important classification systems of linguistic corpora and discuss both the strengths and weaknesses. We pay close attention to the work of Sara Laviosa (1997), Joan Torruella y Joaquim Llisterri (1999), Gloria Corpas Pastor (2001) and Sylviane Granger (2003), not forgetting the contributions by Mona Baker (1995), Stig Johansson (1998 and 2003), Rosa Rabadán y Purificación Fernández Nistal (2002), Maeve Olohan (2004) and Paul Baker (2006). However, despite great advantage of all previous work, our study identified gaps for which we would respectfully suggest some solutions. Finally, we present our classification system in which we attempt to reflect clearly the hierarchical relationships that exist between different types of corpora. The ultimate goal is to offer a wide, comprehensive and flexible classification, which can be easily adapted to the needs of each research work and meet the requirements of linguistic corpora analysis, particularly in the field of Applied Linguistics and Translation Studies.
Viaggio e identità
Authors: Karp Karol
Published: February 2015

The work of Carmine Abate is characterised by the presence of certain thematic structures. Among these the motif of a journey should be emphasised, which plays an important role in the writer’s novel, Scanderberg’s Motorcycle, analysed in the article. Apart from the journey, another key structure appears in the work — that of identity. The aim of the text is to demonstrate the relation between the past and the present. Abate sketches this issue in the light of the influence which a journey exerts on identity.
Trophic Ecology of Nonnative Northern Pike and their Effect on Conservation of Native Westslope Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Walrath John D. , Quist Michael C. , Firehammer Jon A.
Published: February 2015

Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi in Coeur d'Alene Lake, Idaho, have declined in recent years; predation by Northern Pike Esox lucius, a nonnative sport fish, is thought to be a causative mechanism. The goal of this study was to describe the seasonal food habits of Northern Pike and determine their influence on Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Coeur d'Alene Lake by using a bioenergetics modeling approach. Fish were sampled monthly from March 2012 to May 2013 using pulsed-DC electrofishing and experimental gillnetting in four bays. Northern Pike catch rates from electrofishing were generally low but increased slightly each season and were highest in the southern portion of the lake; catch rates from gillnetting were approximately 50% higher during the two spring sampling periods compared with the summer and fall. Seasonal growth and food habits of 695 Northern Pike (TL = 16.2–108.0 cm; weight = 24–9,628 g) were analyzed. Diets primarily consisted of kokanee O. nerka, Westslope Cutthroat Trout, and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens. Results of a bioenergetics model estimated that Westslope Cutthroat Trout represented approximately 2–30% of the biomass consumed by age-1–4 Northern Pike. Total Westslope Cutthroat Trout biomass consumed by Northern Pike (2008–2011 year-classes) across all seasons sampled was estimated to be 1,231 kg (95% CI = 723–2,396 kg), and the total number consumed was 5,641 (95% CI = 3,311–10,979). The highest occurrence of Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Northern Pike diets was observed during spring. Thus, reducing Northern Pike predation on Westslope Cutthroat Trout would be one tool worth considering for conserving Westslope Cutthroat Trout populations in Coeur d'Alene Lake.

Received March 7, 2014; accepted September 22, 2014
Evaluation of Behavior and Survival of Fish Exposed to an Axial-Flow Hydrokinetic Turbine
Authors: Amaral Stephen V. , Bevelhimer Mark S. , Čada Glenn F. , Giza Daniel J. , Jacobson Paul T. , McMahon Brian J. , Pracheil Brenda M.
Published: February 2015

Previous studies have evaluated fish injury and mortality at hydrokinetic (HK) turbines, but because these studies focused on the impacts of these turbines in situ they were unable to evaluate fish responses to controlled environmental characteristics (e.g., current velocity and light or dark conditions). In this study, we used juvenile hybrid Striped Bass (HSB; Striped Bass Morone saxatilis × White Bass M. chrysops; N = 620), Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (N = 3,719), and White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus (N = 294) in a series of laboratory experiments to (1) evaluate the ability of fish to avoid entrainment through an axial-flow HK turbine, (2) evaluate fish injury and survival associated with turbine entrainment, and (3) compare the effects of different HK turbines on fish. We found that the probability of turbine entrainment was species dependent and highest for HSB. Across species, current velocity influenced entrainment probability. Among entrained fish, observed survival rates were generally >0.95. The probability of injury for surviving entrained fish only differed from that for nonentrained fish for Rainbow Trout and in general was not >0.20. The probability of injury following entrainment was greater only for HSB, although there were no differences in injury rates between fish that were turbine entrained and those that were not, suggesting that injuries were not turbine related. Taking turbine entrainment, survival, and injury estimates together allowed us to estimate the probability of a randomly selected fish in a population proximate to an HK turbine surviving passage or remaining uninjured after passage. For species and current velocities for which there was a significant effect due to entrainment, we estimated, for instance, that HSB had a survival probability of 0.95 and that Rainbow Trout and White Sturgeon had a >0.99 probability of survival. Similarly, by combining these estimates with those from previous studies, we derived total passage survival probabilities >0.90 but generally approaching 1.00 across different HK turbine types, fish species, and fish lengths.

Received May 14, 2014; accepted October 23, 2014
A nursing information model process for interoperability
Authors: Chow Marilyn , Beene Murielle , O’Brien Ann , Greim Patricia , Cromwell Tim , DuLong Donna , Bedecarré Diane
Published: February 2015

The ability to share nursing data across organizations and electronic health records is a key component of improving care coordination and quality outcomes. Currently, substantial organizational and technical barriers limit the ability to share and compare essential patient data that inform nursing care. Nursing leaders at Kaiser Permanente and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs collaborated on the development of an evidence-based information model driven by nursing practice to enable data capture, re-use, and sharing between organizations and disparate electronic health records. This article describes a framework with repeatable steps and processes to enable the semantic interoperability of relevant and contextual nursing data. Hospital-acquired pressure ulcer prevention was selected as the prototype nurse-sensitive quality measure to develop and test the model. In a Health 2.0 Developer Challenge program from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health, mobile applications implemented the model to help nurses assess the risk of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers and reduce their severity. The common information model can be applied to other nurse-sensitive measures to enable data standardization supporting patient transitions between care settings, quality reporting, and research.
How to bend galaxy disc profiles: the role of halo spin
Authors: Herpich J. , Stinson G. S. , Dutton A. A. , Rix H.-W. , Martig M. , Roškar R. , Macciò A. V. , Quinn T. R. , Wadsley J.
Published: February 2015

The radial density profiles of stellar galaxy discs can be well approximated as an exponential. Compared to this canonical form, however, the profiles in the majority of disc galaxies show downward or upward breaks at large radii. Currently, there is no coherent explanation in a galaxy formation context of the radial profile per se, along with the two types of profile breaks. Using a set of controlled hydrodynamic simulations of disc galaxy formation, we find a correlation between the host halo's initial angular momentum and the resulting radial profile of the stellar disc: galaxies that live in haloes with a low spin parameter λ ≲ 0.03 show an up-bending break in their disc density profiles, while galaxies in haloes of higher angular momentum show a down-bending break. We find that the case of pure exponential profiles (λ ≈ 0.035) coincides with the peak of the spin parameter distribution from cosmological simulations. Our simulations not only imply an explanation of the observed behaviours, but also suggest that the physical origin of this effect is related to the amount of radial redistribution of stellar mass, which is anticorrelated with λ.
Next-generation Sequencing of RYR1 and CACNA1S in Malignant Hyperthermia and Exertional Heat Illness
Authors: Fiszer Dorota , Shaw Marie-Anne , Fisher Nickla A. , Carr Ian M. , Gupta Pawan K. , Watkins Elizabeth J. , Roiz de Sa Daniel , Kim Jerry H. , Hopkins Philip M.
Published: February 2015

AbstractAbstract

Variants in the ryanodine receptor gene were identified in 13 of 29 malignant hyperthermia patients, with one variant in Cav1.1. Targeted DNA sequencing is a potentially useful diagnostic approach to identifying genetic variants associated with malignant hyperthermia and exertional heat illness.

Background:

Variants in RYR1 are associated with the majority of cases of malignant hyperthermia (MH), a form of heat illness pharmacogenetically triggered by general anesthetics, and they have also been associated with exertional heat illness (EHI). CACNA1S has also been implicated in MH. The authors applied a targeted next-generation sequencing approach to identify variants in RYR1 and CACNA1S in a cohort of unrelated patients diagnosed with MH susceptibility. They also provide the first comprehensive report of sequencing of these two genes in a cohort of survivors of EHI.

Methods:

DNA extracted from blood was genotyped using a “long” polymerase chain reaction technique, with sequencing on the Illumina GAII® or MiSeq® platforms (Illumina Inc., USA). Variants were assessed for pathogenicity using bioinformatic approaches. For further follow-up, DNA from additional family members and up to 211 MH normal and 556 MH-susceptible unrelated individuals was tested.

Results:

In 29 MH patients, the authors identified three pathogenic and four novel RYR1 variants, with a further five RYR1 variants previously reported in association with MH. Three novel RYR1 variants were found in the EHI cohort (n = 28) along with two more previously reported in association with MH. Two other variants were reported previously associated with centronuclear myopathy. The authors found one and three rare variants of unknown significance in CACNA1S in the MH and EHI cohorts, respectively.

Conclusions:

Targeted next-generation sequencing proved efficient at identifying diagnostically useful and potentially implicated variants in RYR1 and CACNA1S in MH and EHI.
Crystal structure of ethyl 1′,5-dimethyl-2′′,3-dioxo-3H-dispiro[benzo[b]thiophene-2,3′-pyrrolidine-2′,3′′-indoline]-4′-carboxylate
Authors: Raja R. , Govindaraj J. , Suresh M. , Raghunathan R. , SubbiahPandi A.
Published: February 2015

The title compound, C23H22N2O4S, crystallized with two independent molecules (AandB) in the asymmetric unit. They have very similar conformations with the pyrrolidine ring having a twisted conformation, on the Cspiro—Cspirobond, in both molecules. In moleculeA, the mean planes of the benzothiophene and indoline ring systems are inclined to the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring by 87.59 (10) and 84.51 (11)°, respectively, and to one another by 72.69 (7)°. The corresponding angles in moleculeBare 87.15 (10), 84.58 (10) and 72.07 (7)°, respectively. In the crystal, theAandBmolecules are linked to one another by two N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a dimer. These dimers are linkedviaC—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional structure.
Crystal structure of langbeinite-related Rb0.743K0.845Co0.293Ti1.707(PO4)3
Authors: Strutynska Nataliia Yu. , Bondarenko Marina A. , Ogorodnyk Ivan V. , Baumer Vyacheslav N. , Slobodyanik Nikolay S.
Published: February 2015

Potassium rubidium cobalt(II)/titanium(IV) tris(orthophosphate), Rb0.743K0.845Co0.293Ti1.707(PO4)3, has been obtained using a high-temperature crystallization method. The obtained compound has a langbeinite-type structure. The three-dimensional framework is built up from mixed-occupied (Co/TiIV)O6octahedra (point group symmetry .3.) and PO4tetrahedra. The K+and Rb+cations are statistically distributed over two distinct sites (both with site symmetry .3.) in the large cavities of the framework. They are surrounded by 12 O atoms.
Crystal structure of ethyl 2′′,3-dioxo-7′,7a'-dihydro-1′H,3H,3′H-dispiro[benzo[b]thiophene-2,6′-pyrrolo[1,2-c]thiazole-5′,3′′-indoline]-7′-carboxylate
Authors: Savithri M. P. , Suresh M. , Raghunathan R. , Raja R. , SubbiahPandi A.
Published: February 2015

In the title compound, C23H20N2O4S2, the central pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the spiro C atom, shared with the benzothiophene ring system, as the flap. The thiazole ring has a twisted conformation on the S—C bond, where the C atom is that closest to methine C atom. The mean planes of the benzothiophene and indoline ring systems are inclined to the mean plane of the central pyrrolidine ring by 82.75 (8) and 80.03 (8)°, respectively, and to each other by 61.49 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviapairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with anR22(8) ring motif. The dimers are linkedviaC—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional structure. The ethoxycarbonyl group is disordered over two orientations, with an occupancy ratio of 0.717 (12):0.283 (12).
Crystal structure ofN-{N-[N-acetyl-(S)-leucyl]-(S)-leucyl}norleucinal (ALLN), an inhibitor of proteasome
Authors: Czerwinski Andrzej , Basava Channa , Dauter Miroslawa , Dauter Zbigniew
Published: February 2015

The title compound, C20H37N3O4, also known by the acronym ALLN, is a tripeptidic inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of the proteasomes, enzyme complexes implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases and other disorders, including cancer. The crystal structure of ALLN, solved from synchrotron radiation diffraction data, revealed the molecules in extended conformation of the backbone and engaging all peptide N and O atoms in intermolecular hydrogen bonds forming an infinite antiparallel β-sheet.
Crystal structure of diaqua(μ2-triethylenetetraminehexaacetato)dizinc tetrahydrate
Authors: Liu Huan , Lu Li-Ping
Published: February 2015

The reaction of ZnO and triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid (H6TTHA) in aqueous solution after refluxing yields the binuclear title compound, [Zn2(C18H26N4O12)(H2O)2]·4H2O. There is a centre of symmetry in the [Zn2(H2TTHA)(H2O)2] molecule in the crystalline state. Both ZnIIions are octahedrally surrounded and bound by an N2O3donor set from the H2TTHA4−anion and a water molecule; the N atoms arecisand the water molecule istransto an N atom. The Zn...Zn separation is 7.562 (1) Å. An intramolecular C—H...O interaction is observed and both carboxylate H atoms are disordered over two adjacent sites. In the crystal, the components are linked by O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds generating a three-dimensonal network.
Crystal structure of ethyl 5′′-fluoro-2′′,3-dioxo-6′,7′,8′,8a'-tetrahydro-2′H,3H,5′H-dispiro[benzo[b]thiophene-2,1′-indolizine-3′,3′′-indoline]-2′-carboxylate
Authors: Raja R. , Govindaraj J. , Suresh M. , Raghunathan R. , SubbiahPandi A.
Published: February 2015

In the title compound, C25H23FN2O4S, the fused piperidine ring of the octahydroindolizine ring system adopts a chair conformation and the five-membered ring has a twisted conformation on the N—C(spiro) bond. The mean planes of the benzothiophene and indoline ring systems are inclined to the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring by 83.1 (1) and 84.9 (1)°, respectively, and to each other by 29.37 (17)°. In the crystal, molecules are linkedviapairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with anR22(8) ring motif. The dimers are linkedviaC—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs lying parallel to (100). The packing between the slabs features a short [2.734 (2) Å] F...F contact.
Crystal structure of 2-methylamino-3-nitro-4-p-tolylpyrano[3,2-c]chromen-5(4H)-one
Authors: Govindaraj J. , AaminaNaaz Y. , Kamalraja Jayabal , Perumal Paramasivam T. , SubbiahPandi A.
Published: February 2015

In the racemic title compound, C20H16N2O5, the pyran ring adopts a shallow envelope conformation, with the stereogenic C atom displaced from the other atoms by 0.273 (2) Å. The dihedral angle between the fused-ring system and the pendantp-tolyl group is 87.62 (7)°. The molecular conformation is consolidated by an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond, which generates anS(6) ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O interactions, resulting in [010] chains.
Irresistible empire or innocents abroad? American advertising agencies in post-war Italy, 1950s-1970s
Authors: Fasce Ferdinando , Bini Elisabetta
Published: February 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence and influence of US advertising in Italy between the early 1950s and the mid-1970s.

Design/methodology/approach

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence and influence of US advertising in Italy between the early 1950s and the mid-1970s.

Findings

– The paper argues that there is a need to further qualify and deconstruct the notion of “Americanization” by integrating the now well-established notions of “hybridization” and “mediation” with more specific attention to the competing “hearts and souls”, the different strategies and discursive practices that different individual actors (American, British and Italian) operating within the Italian advertising business tried to instil into goods and consumers and the economic and cultural results that they achieved.

Originality/value

– This is the first research on the history of Italian advertising that fully places it within a transnational and comparative perspective using so far unpublished records, aiming at moving beyond traditional, eastbound Americanization frameworks through a detailed empirical investigation.
An analysis of keywords used in the literature on green supply chain management
Authors: Gurtu Amulya , Searcy Cory , Jaber M.Y.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the keywords used in peer-reviewed literature on green supply chain management.

Design/methodology/approach

To determine the keywords that were used in this area, an analysis of 629 papers was conducted. The papers were identified through searches of 13 keywords on green supply chains. Trends in keyword usage were analyzed in detail focusing on examining variables such as the most frequently used journals/keywords, their frequencies, citation frequency and research contribution from different disciplines/countries.

Findings

A number of different terms have been used for research focused on the environmental impacts of supply chains, including green supply chains, sustainable supply chains, reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chains, among others. The analysis revealed that the intensity of research in this area has more than tripled in the past six years and that the most used keyword was “reverse logistics”. The use of the terms “green supply chains” and “sustainable supply chains” is increasing, and the use of “reverse logistics” is decreasing.

Research limitations/implications

The analysis is limited to 629 papers from the Scopus database during the period of 2007 and 2012.

Originality/value

The paper presents the first systematic analysis of keywords used in the literature on green supply chains. Given the broad array of terms used to refer to research in this area, this is a needed contribution. This work will help researchers in choosing keywords with high frequency and targeting journals for publishing their future work. The paper may also provide a basis for further work on developing consolidated definitions of terms focused on green supply chain management.
Impact of market orientation on environmental sustainability strategy
Authors: Wilburn Green Kenneth , Toms Lisa C. , Clark James
Published: February 2015

Purpose

This study aims to assess the impact of an established market orientation on the implementation of green supply chain practices and environmental performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data collected from 225 manufacturing managers are analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation modeling methodology.

Findings

Findings indicate that market orientation both directly and indirectly (through green supply chain management practices) impacts environmental performance.

Research limitations/implications

The study focuses on the impact of a market orientation on environmental sustainability within the manufacturing sector, thereby limiting generalization to other sectors.

Practical implications

Manufacturing practitioners are provided with information emphasizing the importance of implementing and maintaining a strong market orientation as a precursor to establishing an environmental sustainability strategy.

Social implications

The results have important societal implications, in that a marketing approach that leads to the more rapid adoption of environmental sustainability programs within the manufacturing sector is identified.

Originality/value

This is believed to be the first empirical investigation of the relationship between market orientation and environmental sustainability.