bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shell-Based Finite Element Modeling of Herøysund Bridge in Norway
Authors: Singh Harpal , Azad Zeeshan , Nicoletti Vanni
Published: December 2023

This paper thoroughly examines the application of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to the numerical modal analysis of Herøysund Bridge, focusing on the theoretical backdrop, the construction process, and FEM techniques. This work examines the specific applied FEM approaches and their advantages and disadvantages. This Herøysund Bridge analysis employs a two-pronged strategy consisting of a 3D–solid model and a shell model. To forecast the physical behavior of a structure, assumptions, modeling methodologies, and the incorporation of specific components such as pillars are applied to both approaches. This research also emphasizes the importance of boundary conditions, examining the structural effects of standard Earth gravity, a post-tensioned load, and a railing and asphalt load. The Results section thoroughly explores the mode shapes and frequencies of the 3D–solid and shell models. The conclusion of this work includes findings obtained from the study, implications for Herøysund Bridge, and a comparison of both modeling strategies. It also incorporates ideas for future research and guides employing FEM 3D–solid and shell methods to design and construct more efficient, resilient, and durable bridge structures.
Chemical Analysis of the Antihyperglycemic, and Pancreatic α-Amylase, Lipase, and Intestinal α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Cannabis sativa L. Seed Extracts
Authors: Haddou Salima , Elrherabi Amal , Loukili El Hassania , Abdnim Rhizlan , Hbika Asmae , Bouhrim Mohamed , Al Kamaly Omkulthom , Saleh Asmaa , Shahat Abdelaaty A. , Bnouham Mohamed , Hammouti Belkheir , Chahine Abdelkrim
Published: December 2023

Cannabis is considered (Cannabis sativa L.) a sacred herb in many countries and is vastly employed in traditional medicine to remedy numerous diseases, such as diabetes. This research investigates the chemical composition of the aqueous extracts from Cannabis sativa L. seeds. Furthermore, the impact of these extracts on pancreatic α-amylase and lipase, and intestinal α-glucosidase enzymes is evaluated, as well as their antihyperglycemic effect. Analysis of the chemical composition of the aqueous extract was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD). In contrast, the ethanol, hexanic, dichloromethane, and aqueous extract compositions have been established. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of ethanolic, dichloromethane, and aqueous extracts on pancreatic α-amylase and lipase, and intestinal α-glucosidase activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results of HPLC analysis indicate that the most abundant phenolic compound in the aqueous cannabis seed extract is 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, followed by 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and rutin acid. Moreover, administration of ethanolic and aqueous extracts at a dose of 150 mg/Kg significantly suppressed postprandial hyperglycemia compared to the control group; the ethanolic, dichloromethane, and aqueous extracts significantly inhibit pancreatic α-amylase and lipase, and intestinal α-glucosidase in vitro. The pancreatic α-amylase test exhibited an inhibition with IC50 values of 16.36 ± 1.24 µg/mL, 19.33 ± 1.40 µg/mL, 23.53 ± 1.70 µg/mL, and 17.06 ± 9.91 µg/mL for EAq, EDm, EET, and EHx, respectively. EET has the highest inhibitory capacity for intestinal α-glucosidase activity, with an IC50 of 32.23 ± 3.26 µg/mL. The extracts inhibit porcine pancreatic lipase activity, demonstrating their potential as lipase inhibitors. Specifically, at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, the highest inhibition rate (77%) was observed for EDm. To confirm these results, the inhibitory effect of these extracts on enzymes was tested in vivo. The oral intake of aqueous extract markedly reduced starch- and sucrose-induced hyperglycemia in healthy rats. Administration of the ethanolic extract at a specific dose of 150 mg/kg significantly reduced postprandial glycemia compared with the control group. It is, therefore, undeniable that cannabis extracts represent a promising option as a potentially effective treatment for type 2 diabetes.
The Different Phytochemical Profiles of Salvia officinalis Dietary Supplements Labelled for Menopause Symptoms
Authors: Maggini Valentina , Bertazza Gianpaolo , Gallo Eugenia , Mascherini Vittorio , Calvi Lorenzo , Marra Chiara , Michelucci Francesca , Liberati Chiara , Trassi Anna , Baraldi Rita , Firenzuoli Fabio
Published: December 2023

Phytochemical screening of four commercial products containing Salvia officinalis was carried out. Total phenolic content was estimated spectrophotometrically through the use of the Folin–Ciocalteau method, flavonoid content was measured through the use of aluminum chloride and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine colorimetric assays, and isoflavones and α/β-thujones were analyzed through the use of high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and the gas chromatographic method. The analyses revealed the absence of thujones and isoflavones (i.e., genistin, genistein, and daidzein) in all four different extracts. The content of polyphenolic compounds varied among the samples, with the extract T being richer in both polyphenols and flavonoids than the other products by 1.8–3.2 and 1.4–4.0 times, respectively (p-value < 0.05). These results highlight the importance of quality control in salvia-based products since a thujone-free extract rich in polyphenols and flavonoids could be a good candidate for further preclinical and clinical studies to identify an effective herbal approach suitable for the long-term therapy of menopausal symptoms.
Simultaneous Determination of Steroids and NSAIDs, Using DLLME-SFO Extraction and HPLC Analysis, in Milk and Eggs Collected from Rural Roma Communities in Transylvania, Romania
Authors: Herghelegiu Mihaela Cătălina , Pănescu Vlad Alexandru , Bocoș-Bințințan Victor , Coman Radu-Tudor , Berg Vidar , Lyche Jan Ludvig , Bruzzoniti Maria Concetta , Beldean-Galea Mihail Simion
Published: December 2023

This research aims to determine five steroids and four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in milk and egg samples collected from rural Roma communities in Transylvania, Romania. Target compounds were extracted from selected matrices by protein precipitation, followed by extract purification by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets. The extraction procedure was optimized using a 24 full factorial experimental design. Good enrichment factors (87.64–122.07 milk; 26.97–38.72 eggs), extraction recovery (74.49–103.76% milk; 75.64–108.60% eggs), and clean-up of the sample were obtained. The method detection limits were 0.74–1.77 µg/L for milk and 2.39–6.02 µg/kg for eggs, while the method quantification limits were 2.29–5.46 µg/L for milk and 7.38–18.65 µg/kg for eggs. The steroid concentration in milk samples was <MDL up to 4.30 µg/L, decreasing from 17α-ethinyl estradiol, 17β-estradiol, and estrone to estriol. The NSAID concentration was <MDL up to 3.41 µg/L, decreasing from ibuprofen, diclofenac, and ketoprofen to naproxen. The steroid concentration in the egg samples was <MDL to 2.79 µg/kg, with all steroids detected, while the concentration of NSAIDs was <MDL to 2.28 µg/kg, with only ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen detected. The developed protocol was successfully applied to the analysis of target compounds in real milk and egg samples.
Ni-Cu and Ni-Co-Modified Fly Ash Zeolite Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Levulinic Acid to γ-Valerolactone
Authors: Popova Margarita , Dimitrov Momtchil , Boycheva Silviya , Dimitrov Ivan , Ublekov Filip , Koseva Neli , Atanasova Genoveva , Karashanova Daniela , Szegedi Ágnes
Published: December 2023

Monometallic (Ni, Co, Cu) and bimetallic (Ni-Co, Ni-Cu) 10–20 wt.% metal containing catalysts supported on fly ash zeolite were prepared by post-synthesis impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, N2 physisorption, XPS and H2-TPR methods. Finely dispersed metal oxides and mixed oxides were detected after the decomposition of the impregnating salt on the relevant zeolite support. Via reduction intermetallic, NiCo and NiCu phases were identified in the bimetallic catalysts. The catalysts were studied in hydrodeoxygenation of lignocellulosic biomass-derived levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in a batch system by water as a solvent. Bimetallic, 10 wt.% Ni, and 10 wt.% Cu or Co containing fly ash zeolite catalysts showed higher catalytic activity than monometallic ones. Their selectivity to GVL reached 70–85% at about 100% conversion. The hydrogenation activity of catalysts was found to be stronger compared to their hydration ability; therefore, the reaction proceeds through formation of 4-hydroxy pentanoic acid as the only intermediate compound.
Silicon–Nanodiamond-Based Anode for a Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Jhan Cheng-Ying , Sung Shi-Hong , Tzeng Yonhua
Published: December 2023

Maintaining the physical integrity of a silicon-based anode, which suffers from damage caused by severe volume changes during cycling, is a top priority in its practical applications. The performance of silicon-flake-based anodes has been significantly improved by mixing nanodiamond powders with silicon flakes for the fabrication of anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Nanodiamonds adhere to the surfaces of silicon flakes and are distributed in the binder between flakes. A consistent and robust solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is promoted by the aid of abundant reactive surface-linked functional groups and exposed dangling bonds of nanodiamonds, leading to enhanced physical integrity of the silicon flakes and the anode. The battery’s high-rate discharge capabilities and cycle life are thus improved. SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD were applied to examine the structure and morphology of the anode. Electrochemical performance was evaluated to demonstrate a capacity retention of nearly 75% after 200 cycles, with the final specific capacity exceeding 1000 mAh/g at a test current of 4 mA/cm2. This is attributed to the improved stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) structure that was achieved by integrating nanodiamonds with silicon flakes in the anode, leading to enhanced cycling stability and rapid charge-discharge performance. The results from this study present an effective strategy of achieving high-cycling-performance by adding nanodiamonds to silicon-flake-based anodes.
Zero-Dimensional Tellurium-Based Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Halide Single Crystal with Yellow-Orange Emission from Self-Trapped Excitons
Authors: Yun Xiangyan , Nie Jingheng , Hu Hanlin , Zhong Haizhe , Xu Denghui , Shi Yumeng , Li Henan
Published: December 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid halides and their analogs that exhibit efficient broadband emission from self-trapped excitons (STEs) offers an unique pathway towards realization of highly efficient white light sources for lighting applications. An appropriate dilution of ns2 ions into a halide host is essential to produce auxiliary emissions. However, the realization of ns2 cation-based halides phosphor that can be excited by blue light-emitting diode (LED) is still rarely reported. In this study, a zero-dimensional Te-based single crystal (C8H20N)2TeCl6 was synthesized, which exhibits a yellow-orange emission centered at 600 nm with a full width at half maximum of 130 nm upon excitation under 437 nm. Intense electron–phonon coupling was confirmed in the (C8H20N)2TeCl6 single crystal and the light emitting mechanism is comprehensively discussed. The results of this study are pertinent to the emissive mechanism of Te-based hybrid halides and can facilitate discovery of unidentified metal halides with broadband excitation features.
Epigallocatechin Gallate Potentiates the Anticancer Effect of AFP-siRNA-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Rodponthukwaji Kamonlatth , Pingrajai Ponpawee , Jantana Saranrat , Taya Seri , Duangchan Kongpop , Nguyen Kytai T. , Srisawat Chatchawan , Punnakitikashem Primana
Published: December 2023

To develop a potential cancer treatment, we formulated a novel drug delivery platform made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and used a combination of an emerging siRNA technology and an extracted natural substance called catechins. The synthesized materials were characterized to determine their properties, including morphology, hydrodynamic size, charge, particle stability, and drug release profile. The therapeutic effect of AFP-siRNA and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was revealed to have remarkable cytotoxicity towards HepG2 when in soluble formulation. Notably, the killing effect was enhanced by the co-treatment of AFP-siRNA-loaded PLGA and EGCG. Cell viability significantly dropped to 59.73 ± 6.95% after treatment with 12.50 μg/mL of EGCG and AFP-siRNA-PLGA. Meanwhile, 80% of viable cells were observed after treatment with monotherapy. The reduction in the survival of cells is a clear indication of the complementary action of both active EGCG and AFP-siRNA-loaded PLGA. The corresponding cell death was involved in apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased caspase-3/7 activity. The combined treatment exhibited a 2.5-fold increase in caspase-3/7 activity. Moreover, the nanoparticles were internalized by HepG2 in a time-dependent manner, indicating the appropriate use of PLGA as a carrier. Accordingly, a combined system is an effective therapeutic strategy.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Peptide–Manganese Dioxide Nanocomposites as Adsorbents for the Removal of Strontium Ions
Authors: Lu Xingjie , Liu Zhen , Wang Wentao , Wang Xin , Ma Hongchao , Cao Meiwen
Published: December 2023

In this study, a novel organic–inorganic hybrid material IIGK@MnO2 (2-naphthalenemethyl-isoleucine-isoleucine-glycine-lysine@manganese dioxide) was designed as a novel adsorbent for the removal of strontium ions (Sr2+). The morphology and structure of IIGK@MnO2 were characterized using TEM, AFM, XRD, and XPS. The results indicate that the large specific surface area and abundant negative surface charges of IIGK@MnO2 make its surface rich in active adsorption sites for Sr2+ adsorption. As expected, IIGK@MnO2 exhibited excellent adsorbing performance for Sr2+. According to the adsorption results, the interaction between Sr2+ and IIGK@MnO2 can be fitted with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order equation. Moreover, leaching and desorption experiments were conducted to assess the recycling capacity, demonstrating significant reusability of IIGK@MnO2.
Thermally Induced Surface Structure and Morphology Evolution in Bimetallic Pt-Au/HOPG Nanoparticles as Probed Using XPS and STM
Authors: Fedorov Alexey Yu. , Bukhtiyarov Andrey V. , Panafidin Maxim A. , Prosvirin Igor P. , Zubavichus Yan V. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I.
Published: December 2023

Bimetallic nanoparticles expand the possibilities of catalyst design, providing an extra degree of freedom for tailoring the catalyst structure in comparison to purely monometallic systems. The distribution mode of two metal species defines the structure of surface catalytic sites, and current research efforts are focused on the development of methods for their controlled tuning. In light of this, a comprehensive investigation of the factors which influence the changes in the morphology of bimetallic nanoparticles, including the elemental redistribution, are mandatory for each particular bimetallic system. Here we present the combined XPS/STM study of the surface structure and morphology of bimetallic Pt-Au/HOPG nanoparticles prepared by thermal vacuum deposition and show that thermal annealing up to 350 °C induces the alloying process between the two bulk-immiscible metal components. Increasing the treatment temperature enhances the extent of Pt-Au alloying. However, the sintering of nanoparticles starts to occur above 500 °C. The approach implemented in this work includes the theoretical simulation of XPS signal intensities for a more meticulous analysis of the compositional distribution and can be helpful from a methodological perspective for other XPS/STM studies of bimetallic nanoparticles on planar supports.
Nitrate/Ammonium Ratios and Nitrogen Deficiency Impact on Nutrient Absorption and Photosynthetic Efficiency of Cedrela odorata
Authors: Rosado Sulianne Idalior Paião , Santos José Zilton Lopes , Saraiva Ives San Diego Amaral , dos Santos Nonato Junior Ribeiro , Barbosa Tainah Manuela Benlolo , Araujo Josinaldo Lopes
Published: December 2023

Nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) are the primary forms of nitrogen (N) taken up by plants and can exhibit different effects on plant nutrition, photosynthesis, and growth. The objective was to investigate the influence of nitrate/ammonium proportions (%) on the nutritional status, photosynthetic parameters, and the development of Cedrela odorata seedlings after 150 days of cultivation. We tested six nitrate/ammonium ratios (100/0; 80/20; 60/40; 40/60; 20/80; and 0/100 of NO3− and NH4+, respectively), plus a control treatment (without N supply). Based on the results, the species responds to the supply of N; however, the NO3− and NH4+ proportions did not show any significant effect on plant growth. The deficiency of nitrogen (N) in Cedrela odorata decreases the photosynthetic rate, nutrient absorption, and initial growth of this species. Increasing the proportion of N in the form of nitrate inhibited the absorption of S (sulfur) but did not interfere with the accumulation of N, Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium), Mn (manganese), Zn (zinc), B (boron), and Cu (copper). Cedrela odorata apparently does not distinguish between nitrate and ammonium in the N absorption process, since the proportions between these forms of N did not affect its photosynthetic rate, nutrient accumulation, or growth.
In Vitro Circadian Clock Gene Expression Assessments in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Infants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Erickson Melissa L. , Dobias Devin , Keleher Madeline Rose , Dabelea Dana , Bergman Bryan C. , Broussard Josiane L. , Boyle Kristen E.
Published: December 2023

Background: Exposure to intrauterine obesity can disrupt clock gene rhythmicity in animal models. The aim of this pilot study was to determine if maternal obesity alters rhythmic expression of core clock in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from umbilical cords of human infants born to mothers with obesity (Ob-MSC) vs. normal weight (NW-MSC). Methods: We compared in vitro rhythmic expression patterns of core clock (BMAL1, CLOCK, PER2) and clock-output (NR1D1), components in undifferentiated Ob-MSCs (n = 3) vs. NW-MSCs (n = 3). MSCs were harvested every 2 h, following a dexamethasone shock, for 30 h. Adipogenesis or myogenesis was induced in vitro and markers of adipogenesis and fat storage were assessed, respectively. Results: We detected significant rhythmicity in expression patterns of BMAL1, PER2, and NR1D1 at the group level in Ob- and NW-MSCs (p < 0.05). PER2 oscillatory amplitude was 3-fold higher in Ob-MSCs vs. NW-MSCs (p < 0.006). During adipogenesis, Ob-MSCs had higher PPARγ protein content (p = 0.04) vs. NW-MSC. During myogenesis, Ob-MSCs had higher saturated triacylglycerols (p = 0.04) vs. NW-MSC. Conclusion: Rhythmic expressions of BMAL1, PER2, and NR1D1 are detectable in undifferentiated MSCs. Higher PER2 oscillatory amplitude was paralleled by higher markers of fat storage during differentiation in Ob-MSCs vs. NW-MSCs, and supports that the core clock and cellular metabolism may be linked in infant MSCs.
A Systematic Review of Dietary Interventions for Cancer Survivors and Their Families or Caregivers
Authors: Xu Jingle , Hoover Rebecca L. , Woodard Nathaniel , Leeman Jennifer , Hirschey Rachel
Published: December 2023

Family or caregiver engagement has the potential to support healthy dietary changes among cancer survivors. However, little is known about these family- or caregiver-involved dietary interventions and their effects. This systematic review aimed to identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) used in dietary interventions for cancer survivors and their families or caregivers and to synthesize intervention effects on dietary and health outcomes. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted systematic searches in three databases and identified 12 trials (16 peer-reviewed manuscripts) for inclusion in this review. Data were extracted from these manuscripts and the BCT taxonomy was used to identify the BCTs. A total of 38 BCTs were identified from 12 trials, 13 of which were used in at least half of the 12 trials. Ten studies reported significant intervention effects on health outcomes (e.g., adiposity) and six suggested significant improvements in dietary behaviors (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake). Overall, this review found that family- or caregiver-involved interventions for cancer survivors significantly improved dietary and health outcomes. Future research should identify BCTs particularly for dietary changes and develop effective dyadic strategies to facilitate diet-related interactions between survivors and their families or caregivers to enhance their engagement in healthy diets.
Oleuropein-Rich Jasminum Grandiflorum Flower Extract Regulates the LKB1-PGC-1α Axis Related to the Attenuation of Hepatocellular Lipid Dysmetabolism
Authors: Hou Yajun , Zhao Xuan , Wang Yalin , Li Yapeng , Chen Caihong , Zhou Xiu , Jin Jingwei , Ye Jiming , Li Dongli , Gan Lishe , Wu Rihui
Published: December 2023

Diets(饮食) rich in fat are a major(主要) cause(原因) of metabolic disease(疾病), and nutritional(营养) food has been widely(广泛) used(使用) to counteract the metabolic disorders such(这样) as obesity(肥胖) and fatty(脂肪) liver(肝). The present study investigated the effects of oleuropein-enriched extract(提取物) from Jasminum grandiflorum L. flowers (OLE-JGF) in high-fat diet(饮食) (HFD)-fed mice and oleic acid(酸) (OA)-treated AML-12 cells. Treatment(治疗) of HFD-fed mice with 0.6% OLE-JGF for 8 weeks significantly reduced body and liver(肝) weights, as well as attenuating lipid dysmetabolism and hepatic steatosis. OLE-JGF administration(政府当局) prominently suppressed the mRNA expressions(表达) of monocyte chemoattractant protein(蛋白)-1 (MCP-1) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), and it also downregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty(脂肪) acid(酸) synthase (FAS) as well as sterol-regulatory-element(元素)-binding protein(蛋白) (SREBP-1c) in the liver(肝). Meanwhile, mitochondrial DNA and uncoupling protein(蛋白) 2 (UCP2) were upregulated along with the increased expression(表达) of mitochondrial biogenic promoters including liver(肝) kinase B1 (LKB1), peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear(核) factor(因子)-erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), and mitochondrial transcription factor(因子) A (Tfam), but did not change AMP-activated protein(蛋白) kinase (AMPK) in liver(肝). The lipid droplets were decreased significantly after treatment(治疗) with 80 μM oleuropein for 24 h in OA-induced AML-12 cells. Furthermore, oleuropein significantly inhibited ACC mRNA expression(表达) and upregulated LKB1, PGC-1α, and Tfam mRNA levels, as well as increasing the binding level of LKB1 to PGC-1α promoter in OA-induced cells. These findings indicate(表明) that OLE-JGF reduces hepatic lipid deposition in HFD-fed mice, as well as the fact that OA-induced liver(肝) cells may be partly(部分) attributed to upregulation of the LKB1-PGC-1α axis, which mediates hepatic lipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Our study provides a scientific(科学) basis(基础) for the benefits and potential(潜在) use(使用) of the J. grandiflorum flower as a food supplement(补充) for the prevention(预防) and treatment(治疗) of metabolic disease(疾病).
High Adherence to a Mediterranean Alcohol-Drinking Pattern and Mediterranean Diet Can Mitigate the Harmful Effect of Alcohol on Mortality Risk
Authors: Campanella Angelo , Bonfiglio Caterina , Cuccaro Francesco , Donghia Rossella , Tatoli Rossella , Giannelli Gianluigi
Published: December 2023

Background: Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with deleterious effects on human health and mortality. This study aims to investigate the joint associations between the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), alcohol- consumption patterns and mortality from the following: all causes, cardiovascular, neoplastic, the digestive system, and other causes. Methods: A sample of 3411 alcohol consumers aged ≥18 years was selected from two prospective cohort studies: the MICOL and NUTRIHEP Study. Cohorts were enrolled in 2005–2006, and followed up until December 2022, capturing data on alcohol consumption, diet, and mortality. Adherence to the MedDiet was measured by the relative Mediterranean score (rMED), and alcohol consumption by the Mediterranean Alcohol-drinking Pattern index (MADP). Statistical analyses included flexible parametric survival models and subdistribution hazard ratios, to consider different causes of death. Results: a significant increase in digestive-system (SHR 2.77, 95% CI 1.16; 63) and cancer mortality risk (SHR 2.25, 95% CI 1.08; 4.70) was observed among individuals with low adherence to the MADP. Low adherence to the Mediterranean pattern of alcohol consumption, combined with low adherence to the MedDiet, was associated with higher overall mortality (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.04, 5.04), and, in particular, with higher mortality from digestive system diseases (SHR 4.38, 95% CI 1.22, 15.8). Conclusions: This study suggests that deleterious effects of alcohol on mortality vary, depending on alcohol consumption patterns and dietary context. Higher adherence to the MedDiet appears to mitigate the adverse effects of moderate alcohol consumption, particularly for wine drinkers.
Nuclear Cross-Section of Proton-Induced Reactions on Enriched 48Ti Targets for the Production of Theranostic 47Sc Radionuclide, 46cSc, 44mSc, 44gSc, 43Sc, and 48V
Authors: Mou Liliana , De Dominicis Lucia , Cisternino Sara , Skliarova Hanna , Campostrini Matteo , Rigato Valentino , De Nardo Laura , Meléndez-Alafort Laura , Esposito Juan , Haddad Férid , Pupillo Gaia
Published: December 2023

The cross-sections of the 48Ti(p,x)47Sc, 46cSc, 44mSc, 44gSc, 43Sc, and 48V nuclear reactions were measured from 18 to 70 MeV, with particular attention to 47Sc production. Enriched 48Ti powder was deposited on an aluminum backing and the obtained targets were characterized via elastic backscattering spectroscopy at the INFN-LNL. Targets were exposed to low-intensity proton irradiation using the stacked-foils technique at the ARRONAX facility. Activated samples were measured using γ-spectrometry; the results were compared with the data int he literature and the theoretical TALYS-based values. A regular trend in the new values obtained from the different irradiation runs was noted, as well as a good agreement with the literature data, for all the radionuclides of interest: 47Sc, 46cSc, 44mSc, 44gSc, 43Sc, and 48V. 47Sc production was also discussed, considering yield and radionuclidic purity, for different 47Sc production scenarios.
Efficacy of Perampanel in Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus with Suspected Inflammatory Etiology: A Case Series
Authors: Nilo Annacarmen , Vogrig Alberto , Belluzzo Marco , Lettieri Christian , Verriello Lorenzo , Valente Mariarosaria , Pauletto Giada
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Increasing evidence supports the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective role of perampanel (PER), mediated by decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by interference with apoptosis processes. Therefore, the use of PER to treat status epilepticus (SE) with suspected inflammatory etiology is appealing and deserves further investigation. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed seven patients (five F, two M; median age: 62 years) with refractory and super-refractory SE due to a probable or defined inflammatory etiology and treated with PER. (3) Results: PER was administered as the third (4/7) or fourth drug (3/7), with a median loading dose of 32 mg/day (range: 16–36 mg/day) and a median maintenance dose of 10 mg/day (range: 4–12 mg/day). In five cases, SE was focal, while in two patients, it was generalized. SE was caused by systemic inflammation in three patients, while in the other four subjects, it was recognized to have an autoimmune etiology. SE resolution was observed after PER administration in all cases, particularly within 24 h in the majority of patients (4/7, 57.1%). (4) Conclusions: Our data support the efficacy of PER in treating SE when first- and second-line ASMs have failed and suggest a possible earlier use in SE cases that are due to inflammatory/autoimmune etiology.
Fabrication and Characterization of an Enzyme-Triggered, Therapeutic-Releasing Hydrogel Bandage Contact Lens Material
Authors: Bose Susmita , Phan Chau-Minh , Rizwan Muhammad , Tse John Waylon , Yim Evelyn , Jones Lyndon
Published: December 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an enzyme-triggered, therapeutic-releasing bandage contact lens material using a unique gelatin methacrylate formulation (GelMA+). Methods: Two GelMA+ formulations, 20% w/v, and 30% w/v concentrations, were prepared through UV polymerization. The physical properties of the material, including porosity, tensile strain, and swelling ratio, were characterized. The enzymatic degradation of the material was assessed in the presence of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 µg/mL. Cell viability, cell growth, and cytotoxicity on the GelMA+ gels were evaluated using the AlamarBlueTM assay and the LIVE/DEADTM Viability/Cytotoxicity kit staining with immortalized human corneal epithelial cells over 5 days. For drug release analysis, the 30% w/v gels were loaded with 3 µg of bovine lactoferrin (BLF) as a model drug, and its release was examined over 5 days under various MMP-9 concentrations. Results: The 30% w/v GelMA+ demonstrated higher crosslinking density, increased tensile strength, smaller pore size, and lower swelling ratio (p < 0.05). In contrast, the 20% w/v GelMA+ degraded at a significantly faster rate (p < 0.001), reaching almost complete degradation within 48 h in the presence of 300 µg/mL of MMP-9. No signs of cytotoxic effects were observed in the live/dead staining assay for either concentration after 5 days. However, the 30% w/v GelMA+ exhibited significantly higher cell viability (p < 0.05). The 30% w/v GelMA+ demonstrated sustained release of the BLF over 5 days. The release rate of BLF increased significantly with higher concentrations of MMP-9 (p < 0.001), corresponding to the degradation rate of the gels. Discussion: The release of BLF from GelMA+ gels was driven by a combination of diffusion and degradation of the material by MMP-9 enzymes. This work demonstrated that a GelMA+-based material that releases a therapeutic agent can be triggered by enzymes found in the tear fluid.
Light Confinement in Twisted Single-Layer 2D+ Moiré Photonic Crystals and Bilayer Moiré Photonic Crystals
Authors: Kamau Steve , Hurley Noah , Kaul Anupama B. , Cui Jingbiao , Lin Yuankun
Published: December 2023

Twisted photonic crystals are photonic analogs of twisted monolayer materials such as graphene and their optical property studies are still in their infancy. This paper reports optical properties of twisted single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystals where there is a weak modulation in z direction, and bilayer moiré-overlapping-moiré photonic crystals. In weak-coupling bilayer moiré-overlapping-moiré photonic crystals, the light source is less localized with an increasing twist angle, similar to the results reported by the Harvard research group in References 37 and 38 on twisted bilayer photonic crystals, although there is a gradient pattern in the former case. In a strong-coupling case, however, the light source is tightly localized in AA-stacked region in bilayer PhCs with a large twist angle. For single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystals, the light source in Ex polarization can be localized and forms resonance modes when the single-layer 2D+ moiré photonic crystal is integrated on a glass substrate. This study leads to a potential application of 2D+ moiré photonic crystal in future on-chip optoelectronic integration.
A Preliminary Study of the Impacts of Duckweed Coverage during Rice Growth on Grain Yield and Quality
Authors: Luo Jingsheng , Hu Shaowu , Li Tong , He Fuhao , Tian Chao , Han Yu , Mao Yulin , Jing Liquan , Yang Lianxin , Wang Yunxia
Published: December 2023

The overuse and misuse of fertilizers have been causing duckweed outbreaks in irrigation ditches and paddy fields in many rice-growing areas. However, how duckweed coverage in a paddy field affects the rice yield and grain quality is under debate because duckweed may act as either a weed, competing with rice for mineral nutrients, or a “nutrient buffer”, providing significant ecological and economic benefits. To understand the effects of duckweed coverage throughout rice growth on the yield and quality of rice grains, an experiment with three Japonica rice cultivars was conducted with fertile lotus-pond bottom soil as a growth medium to provide sufficient mineral nutrients for both the duckweed and rice. Averaged across three rice cultivars, duckweed coverage decreased the panicle density but increased the spikelet density and grain weight, resulting in no significant change in the rice yield. Duckweed coverage had no impact on the processing and appearance quality in general, but significant duckweed-by-cultivar interactions were detected in the head rice percentage and grain chalkiness, indicating different sensitivities of different cultivars in response to the duckweed treatment. The decrease in breakdown and increase in setback values in the rapid visco analyzer (RVA) profile of rice flour suggested that duckweed coverage during rice growth worsened the cooking quality of the rice. However, no significant change in the palatability of the cooked rice was found. The most profound change induced by the duckweed was the nutritional quality; duckweed coverage increased the protein concentration but decreased the concentrations of Mg, Mn, Cu, and Zn in rice grains. This preliminary study suggested that duckweed coverage during rice growth has profound effects on the rice nutrient uptake and grain nutritional quality under the circumstances, and further research on the responses of the rice quality to the duckweed coverage in paddy fields in multiple locations and years is needed.
Persistence of Root Exudates of Sorghum bicolor and Solidago canadensis: Impacts on Invasive and Native Species
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Rahil , Naz Misbah , Ullah Raza , Du Daolin
Published: December 2023

Root exudates of the invasive Solidago canadensis and the cereal crop Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. ‘Hybridsorgo’ were tested for allelopathic interactions against native and invasive plant species in a controlled environment. After the surface was sterilized, the seeds of two invasive species (Bromus sterilis and Veronica persica) and two native species (Youngia japonica and Rumex acetosa) were germinated and transplanted into the soil (1:1 mixture of coco peat and sand) that had been conditioned for one month by the cultivation of Solidago canadensis and Sorghum bicolor, both in combination or as unplanted controls. After an additional eight weeks of growth, morphometric measurements of the shoot and root, including foliar characteristics and above- and below-ground biomass accumulation, were performed. The results revealed significant inhibitory effects of root exudates released by Sorghum bicolor and Solidago canadensis on native species’ productivity and physiology. The invasive species exhibited variable growth responses, with Veronica persica showing reduced shoot and root expansion, but Bromus sterilis revealed increased shoot and root biomass allocation and nutrition under the exudate treatments. Exudates from Solidago canadensis and Sorghum bicolor together showed synergistic negative effects on native species, while they promoted growth and nutrition in Veronica persica. Taken together, the differential species responses indicate that the tested native species were more sensitive to the allelopathic compounds than the invasive species, which is in line with the theory of novel weapons. The legacy effects of root exudates of both Sorghum bicolor and Solidago canadensis could promote invasive establishment through imposing allelochemical interference competition against native plant species. Understanding the specific allelopathic mechanisms may help with the development of integrated strategies for managing invasive species.
ScATG8 Gene Cloned from Desert Moss Syntrichia caninervis Exhibits Multiple Stress Tolerance
Authors: Cao Ting , Haxim Yakupjan , Liu Xiujin , Yang Qilin , Hawar Amangul , Waheed Abdul , Li Xiaoshuang , Zhang Daoyuan
Published: December 2023

Syntrichia caninervis is the dominant species of biological soil crust in the desert, including the Gurbantunggut Desert in China. It is widely distributed in drylands and considered to be a new model of vegetative desiccation tolerance moss. Here, we cloned an ATG8 gene from S. caninervis and confirmed its function under multiple abiotic stresses, both in situ and in Physcomitrium patens. The results showed that the ScATG8 gene encoded a protein with a highly conserved ATG8 functional domain. ScATG8 gene was increasingly expressed under different abiotic stresses. Under desiccation stress, the overexpression of ScATG8 enhanced the tolerance of S. caninervis and its ability to scavenge ROS. In addition, ScATG8 overexpression promoted the growth of P. patens under multiple stress conditions. Thus, ScATG8 may be a multifunctional gene, and it plays a critical role in the survival of S. caninervis under various abiotic stresses. Our results provide new insights into the function of ATG8 in enabling desiccation tolerance and open up more possibilities for subsequent plant molecular breeding and the mining of the resistance genes of S. caninervis and other moss species.
Exploring the Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Driving Factors of Net Ecosystem Productivity in China from 1982 to 2020
Authors: Chen Yang , Xu Yongming , Chen Tianyu , Zhang Fei , Zhu Shanyou
Published: December 2023

Understanding the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) is essential for understanding ecosystem functioning and the global carbon cycle. Utilizing meteorological and The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) remote sensing data, this study employed the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) and the Geostatistical Model of Soil Respiration (GSMSR) to map a monthly vegetation NEP in China from 1982 to 2020. Then, we examined the spatiotemporal trends of NEP and identified the drivers of NEP changes using the Geodetector model. The mean NEP over the 39-year period amounted to 265.38 gC·m−2. Additionally, the average annual carbon sequestration amounted to 1.89 PgC, indicating a large carbon sink effect. From 1982 to 2020, there was a general fluctuating increasing trend observed in the annual mean NEP, exhibiting an overall average growth rate of 4.69 gC·m−2·a−1. The analysis revealed that the majority of the vegetation region in China, accounting for 93.45% of the entirety, exhibited increasing trends in NEP. According to the Geodetector analysis, precipitation change rate, solar radiation change rate, and altitude were the key driving factors in NEP change rate. Furthermore, the interaction between the precipitation change rate and altitude demonstrated the most significant effect.
Evaluation of Suitable Habitats for Birds Based on MaxEnt and Google Earth Engine—A Case Study of Baer’s Pochard (Aythya baeri) in Baiyangdian, China
Authors: Tian Zengrui , Huo Da , Yi Kunpeng , Que Jialiang , Lu Zhenguang , Hou Jianhua
Published: December 2023

The combined impacts of rapid urbanization and climate change pose significant threats to global biodiversity. To counter these threats, the establishment of appropriate habitats is becoming pivotal for species preservation. Due to positive ecological interventions, Baer’s Pochard (Aythya baeri), a critically endangered avian species per the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classification, has made a remarkable resurgence in the wetlands of Baiyangdian (BYD). BYD, located in Xiong’an New Area, central North China, is the largest wetland and an ideal habitat for rare bird species. Our study focuses on identifying ideal habitats within BYD to further its conservation. To this end, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) integrated with GPS functionalities were utilized to collect occurrence data for the species. Furthermore, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) provided access to high-resolution, real-time satellite imagery. Our model exhibited substantial reliability, reflected by area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.917 and 0.934 for breeding and migration periods, respectively. During the breeding phase, the prime habitat for Baer’s Pochard spans 162 km2, predominantly encompassing regions like Xiaobaiyangdian (XBYD), Zhaozadian (ZZD), Damaidian (DMD), and Shaochedian (SCD). Factors such as Distance to towns and Landcover predominantly influence breeding habitat selection. In the migration phase, ideal regions covered an expanse of 124 km2, highlighting areas like northern and eastern SCD, the northwestern side of Datian Village (DTV) and Beitian Village (BTV) Fuhe Wetland (FHW), and Xiaoyihe Wetland (XYHW). The predominant determinants for migration habitat are Distance to towns and Wetness. These insights offer a fundamental foundation for the conservation and management strategies of Baer’s Pochard in BYD, presenting a roadmap for future conservation endeavors.
Binary Noise Guidance Learning for Remote Sensing Image-to-Image Translation
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Zhou Ruixin , Zheng Yuhui , Li Baozhu
Published: December 2023

Image-to-image translation (I2IT) is an important visual task that aims to learn a mapping of images from one domain to another while preserving the representation of the content. The phenomenon known as mode collapse makes this task challenging. Most existing methods usually learn the relationship between the data and latent distributions to train more robust latent models. However, these methods often ignore the structural information among latent variables, leading to patterns in the data being obscured during the process. In addition, the inflexibility of data modes caused by ignoring the latent mapping of two domains is also one of the factors affecting the performance of existing methods. To make the data schema stable, this paper develops a novel binary noise guidance learning (BnGLGAN) framework for image translation to solve these problems. Specifically, to eliminate uncertainty of domain distribution, a noise prior inference learning (NPIL) module is designed to infer an estimated distribution from a certain domain. In addition, to improve the authenticity of reconstructed images, a distribution-guided noise reconstruction learning (DgNRL) module is introduced to reconstruct the noise from the source domain, which can provide source semantic information to guide the GAN’s generation. Extensive experiments fully prove the efficiency of our proposed framework and its advantages over comparable methods.
Spectral–Spatial Feature Extraction for Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Enhanced Transformer with Large-Kernel Attention
Authors: Lu Wen , Wang Xinyu , Sun Le , Zheng Yuhui
Published: December 2023

In the hyperspectral image (HSI) classification task, every HSI pixel is labeled as a specific land cover category. Although convolutional neural network (CNN)-based HSI classification methods have made significant progress in enhancing classification performance in recent years, they still have limitations in acquiring deep semantic features and face the challenges of escalating computational costs with increasing network depth. In contrast, the Transformer framework excels in expressing high-level semantic features. This study introduces a novel classification network by extracting spectral–spatial features with an enhanced Transformer with Large-Kernel Attention (ETLKA). Specifically, it utilizes distinct branches of three-dimensional and two-dimensional convolutional layers to extract more diverse shallow spectral–spatial features. Additionally, a Large-Kernel Attention mechanism is incorporated and applied before the Transformer encoder to enhance feature extraction, augment comprehension of input data, reduce the impact of redundant information, and enhance the model’s robustness. Subsequently, the obtained features are input to the Transformer encoder module for feature representation and learning. Finally, a linear layer is employed to identify the first learnable token for sample label acquisition. Empirical validation confirms the outstanding classification performance of ETLKA, surpassing several advanced techniques currently in use. This research provides a robust and academically rigorous solution for HSI classification tasks, promising significant contributions in practical applications.
Long-Term Monitoring of Inland Water Quality Parameters Using Landsat Time-Series and Back-Propagated ANN: Assessment and Usability in a Real-Case Scenario
Authors: Jakovljevic Gordana , Álvarez-Taboada Flor , Govedarica Miro
Published: December 2023

Water scarcity and quality deterioration, driven by rapid population growth, urbanization, and intensive industrial and agricultural activities, emphasize the urgency for effective water management. This study aims to develop a model to comprehensively monitor various water quality parameters (WQP) and evaluate the feasibility of implementing this model in real-world scenarios, addressing the limitations of conventional in-situ sampling. Thus, a comprehensive model for monitoring WQP was developed using a 38-year dataset of Landsat imagery and in-situ data from the Water Information System of Europe (WISE), employing Back-Propagated Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Correlation analyses revealed strong associations between remote sensing data and various WQPs, including Total Suspended Solids (TSS), chlorophyll-a (chl-a), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP). Optimal band combinations for each parameter were identified, enhancing the accuracy of the WQP estimation. The ANN-based model exhibited very high accuracy, particularly for chl-a and TSS (R2 > 0.90, NRMSE < 0.79%), surpassing previous studies. The independent validation showcased accurate classification for TSS and TN, while DO estimation faced challenges during high variation periods, highlighting the complexity of DO dynamics. The usability of the developed model was successfully tested in a real-case scenario, proving to be an operational tool for water management. Future research avenues include exploring additional data sources for improved model accuracy, potentially enhancing predictions and expanding the model’s utility in diverse environmental contexts.