bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chinese Herbal Medicine-Based Cancer Therapy: Novel Anticancer Agents Targeting MicroRNAs to Regulate Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Authors: Peng Fu , Xie Xiaofang , Peng Cheng
Published: December 2019

MicroRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, have gained a reputation of the most substantial regulators in gene network with the ability to down-regulate their targets. Accumulating evidence shifted insight toward microRNAs regulation as the key element of cancer initiation, development, and aggression. Recent studies have attached the importance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to the treatment of various cancers, and the functional natural compounds have been considered as novel anticancer agents to directly inhibit tumor progression. In more recent decades, a wide range of biologically active components of TCM has gained increasing attention to their applications in the modulation of microRNAs. This review is on the purpose of demonstrating the significance of TCM bioactive ingredients in microRNAs regulation for cancer treatment according to the reports mainly in the recent six years, providing the evidence of efficient Chinese herbal medicine-based therapy and effective pro-diagnosis focusing on microRNAs expression of cancer patients.
Network public opinion propagation model based on the influence of media and interpersonal communication
Authors: Zhang Yue-Xia , Feng Yi-Xuan , Yang Rui-Qi
Published: December 2019

With the rapid development of the Internet, social media networks have become the primary platform for people to express their views. In addition, network public opinion has a considerable influence on society. Thus, considering the significant impact of online public opinion on society, it is necessary to study and analyze the propagation process for public opinion. In this study, we propose the Media and Interpersonal Relationship-SEIR (MI-SEIR) model based on the SEIR model. Our proposed model considers the impact of media transmission and interpersonal relationships on opinion propagation. Our MI-SEIR model divides the propagation nodes into three categories: support, neutral and opposition. There is a discussion mechanism between these nodes that represents the node’s viewpoint value evolution rule based on the node firmness, influence of nodes, quality of media coverage and parameters of infection. The state transition of nodes is decided based on the change of opinion value. Our simulation experimental results show that this model is more representative of the real propagation of online public opinion and is thus of practical significance for research and opinion analysis applications.
History operators in quantum mechanics
Authors: Castellani Leonardo
Published: December 2019

It is convenient to describe a quantum system at all times by means of a “history operator” [Formula: see text], encoding measurements and unitary time evolution between measurements. These operators naturally arise when computing the probability of measurement sequences, and generalize the “sum over position histories” of the Feynman path-integral. As we argue in this work, this description has some computational advantages over the usual state vector description, and may help to clarify some issues regarding nonlocality of quantum correlations and collapse. A measurement on a system described by [Formula: see text] modifies the history operator, [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the projector corresponding to the measurement. We refer to this modification as “history operator collapse”. Thus, [Formula: see text] keeps track of the succession of measurements on a system, and contains all histories compatible with the results of these measurements. The collapse modifies the history content of [Formula: see text], and therefore modifies also the past (relative to the measurement), but never in a way to violate causality. Probabilities of outcomes are obtained as [Formula: see text]. A similar formula yields probabilities for intermediate measurements, and reproduces the result of the two-vector formalism in the case of the given initial and final states. We apply the history operator formalism to a few examples: entangler circuit, Mach–Zehnder interferometer, teleportation circuit and three-box experiment. Not surprisingly, the propagation of coordinate eigenstates [Formula: see text] is described by a history operator [Formula: see text] containing the Feynman path-integral.
A new analysis of fractional fish farm model associated with Mittag-Leffler-type kernel
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Kumar Devendra , Baleanu Dumitru
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we analyze the dynamical behavior of fish farm model related to Atangana–Baleanu derivative of arbitrary order. The model is constituted with the group of nonlinear differential equations having nutrients, fish and mussel. We have included discrete kind gestational delay of fish. The solution of fish farm model is determined by employing homotopy analysis transforms method (HATM). Existence of and uniqueness of solution are studied through Picard–Lindelof approach. The influence of order of new non-integer order derivative on nutrients, fish and mussel is discussed. The complete study reveals that the outer food supplies manage the behavior of the model. Moreover, to show the outcomes of the study, some numerical results are demonstrated through graphs.
Numerical solution of time-fractional three-species food chain model arising in the realm of mathematical ecology
Authors: Dubey Ved Prakash , Kumar Rajnesh , Kumar Devendra
Published: December 2019

This research paper implements the fractional homotopy analysis transform technique to compute the approximate analytical solution of the nonlinear three-species food chain model with time-fractional derivatives. The offered technique is a fantastic blend of homotopy analysis method (HAM) and Laplace transform (LT) operator and has been used fruitfully in the numerical computation of various fractional differential equations (FDEs). This paper involves the fractional derivatives of Caputo style. The numerical solutions of this selected fractional-order food chain model are evaluated by making use of the associated initial conditions. It is revealed by the adopting procedure that the more desirable estimation of the solution can be easily acquired through the calculation of some number of iteration terms only — a fact which authenticates the easiness and soundness of the suggested hybrid scheme. The variations of fractional order of time derivative on the solutions for different specific cases have been depicted through graphical presentations. The outcomes demonstrated through the graphs expound that the adopted scheme is very fantastic and accurate.
Cyclophosphamide Versus Obinutuzumab for the Treatment of Anti-MDA5 Positive Inflammatory Myopathy with Interstitial Lung Disease: A Study Protocol and Literature Review
Authors: So Ho , Mok Chi Chiu
Published: December 2019

In patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, the presence of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody carries an extremely poor prognosis as a result of the associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) that is often rapidly progressive and refractory to therapies. Management of anti-MDA5 associated ILD is a challenging task as there is a paucity of clinical data and treatment guidelines in the literature. We hereby describe a proposed protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of intravenous cyclophosphamide and obinutuzumab in combination with high-dose glucocorticoids and tacrolimus in terms of mortality at six months (primary outcome). The epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment options of anti-MDA5 associated ILD are briefly reviewed.
Management of Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Need for a Sub-Saharan Guideline
Authors: Cassell Ayun , Yunusa Bashir , Jalloh Mohamed , Ndoye Medina , Mbodji Mouhamadou M. , Diallo Abdourahmane , Kouka Saint Charles , Labou Issa , Niang Lamine , Gueye Serigne M.
Published: December 2019

The estimated incidence rate of prostate cancer in Africa was 22.0/100,000 in 2016. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has cited prostate cancer as a growing health threat in Africa with approximated 28,006 deaths in 2010 and estimated 57,048 deaths in 2030. The exact incidence of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer is not known in sub-Saharan Africa. Hospital-based reports from the region have shown a rising trend with most patients presenting with advanced or metastatic disease. The management of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer is challenging. The available international guidelines may not be cost-effective for an African population. The most efficient approach in the region has been surgical castration by bilateral orchidectomy or pulpectomy. Medical androgen deprivation therapy is expensive and may not be available. Patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer tend to be palliated due to the absence or cost of chemotherapy or second-line androgen deprivation therapy in most of Africa. A cost-effective guideline for developing nations to address the rising burden of advanced prostate cancer is warranted at this moment.
Extensive Epidermal Skin Loss Secondary to HSV Type One: Neonatal Management Challenges
Authors: Calthorpe Rebecca J , Spencer Emma , Ravenscroft Jane C , Tang Ting S , Martinez Anna E , Deorukhkar Anjum
Published: December 2019

We describe a rare case of a preterm neonate presenting at birth with extensive epidermal skin loss of over 90% due to disseminated herpes simplex virus type one infection. Differential diagnosis included aplasia cutis and epidermolysis bullosa. Serum PCR and mouth swabs confirmed HSV type one, and the patient required three weeks of treatment with intravenous aciclovir, followed by oral aciclovir. We describe the management challenges and give practical solutions applicable to the care of a neonate presenting with widespread skin loss due to any aetiology.
Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis: Two Cases with Amaurosis as Presentation, Medical Surgical Management and Follow-Up
Authors: Navarro-Perea Carmen , Cañas-Zamarra Ignacio , Mencía-Gutiérrez Enrique , Revilla-Sánchez Enrique , Lago-Llinás María-Dolores , Pérez-Trigo Silvia , Bengoa-González Álvaro
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Mucormycosis is an infection caused by fungi to the class Zygomycetes that usually appears in immunosuppressed patients. Diagnostic confirmation is often delayed, with fatal prognosis in cases in which treatment is not rapidly established. Case report: We present two clinical cases of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis with an atypical presentation form, consisting of a unilateral complete sudden vision loss. Intravenous treatment with liposomal amphotericin B was started and total orbital exenteration surgery was performed. The removed surgical area was filled with gauze impregnated with liposomal amphotericin B and was left open for cures every 12 hours. Due to the good clinical evolution, a reconstruction of the orbital exenteration defect was performed in Case 1 with a temporal muscle flap and a skin island pedicled flap. In Case 2, reconstruction was not performed due to the poor evolution of the patient. Discussion: As it is a very aggressive surgery, the aesthetic and functional sequelae are very important. When the survival of the patient is achieved, we should offer reconstructive solutions that improve their quality of life. The reconstruction carried out using a flap of the temporal muscle can be made in a single act without requiring microvascular surgery.
Azimuthal Attenuation Elastic Impedance Inversion for Fluid and Fracture Characterization Based on Modified Linear-Slip Theory
Authors: Pan Xinpeng , Zhang Guangzhi , Cui Yian
Published: December 2019

The seismic attenuation should be considered while accounting for the effect of anisotropy on the seismic wave propagating through a saturated fractured porous medium. Based on the modified linear-slip theory and anisotropic Gassmann’s equation, we derive an analytical expression for a linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient and an azimuthal attenuation elastic impedance (AAEI) equation in terms of fluid/porosity term, shear modulus, density, dry normal and tangential fracture weaknesses, and compressional (P-wave) and shear (S-wave) attenuation parameters in a weak-attenuation isotropic background rock containing one single set of vertical aligned fractures. We then propose an AAEI inversion method to characterize the characteristics of fluids and fractures using two kinds of constrained regularizations in such a fractured porous medium. The proposed approach is finally confirmed by both the synthetic and real data sets acquired over a saturated fractured porous reservoir.
Key Blasting Parameters for Deep‐Hole Excavation in an Underground Tunnel of Phosphorite Mine
Authors: Chai Xiu-wei , Shi Sha-sha , Yan Yao-feng , Li Jian-guo , Zhang Long
Published: December 2019

Ever increasing mine production capacity and mechanized operations enable advanced drilling equipment to be widely adopted in underground mines. In order to achieve satisfactory blasting performance in tunnel advance, there is a critical need to optimize the blasting technique to match the large deep‐hole drilling capability. In this study, through theoretical analysis of tunnel blasting, the layout of cutting holes was found to be the key factor controlling the blasting performance. The deep‐hole cutting effect was first investigated by analyzing the influence of the free surface of a hollow hole using the fluid‐structure interaction modeling method in ANSYS/LS‐DYNA. Then the rock dynamic evolution processes of blasting using a double‐cavity grooving and a four‐cavity grooving were compared and analyzed towards an understanding of the influence of the spacing and layout of cutting holes on the blasting performance. The comparison results show that four empty hole cut layouts yield larger effective free surface than that of the two empty hole cut layouts. This is because larger compensation space for breaking of rock and expansion of gas is more conducive to improving the energy utilization rate of explosives and thus improving the blasting performance and the footage of cyclic blasting. The results indicated that the blasting performance can be improved by reserving reasonable compensation space in the grooving area.
Analysis of Deformation Characteristics of Long‐Short Pile Composite Foundation in Salt Lake Area, Iran
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Xiaohua , Zhang Shasha , Kong Xiangxin , Chen Weizhi
Published: December 2019

To study the settlement and deformation characteristics of a long‐short pile composite foundation and its influencing factors, the indoor centrifuge model test and numerical simulations were performed under the actual working conditions to treat the saline soft soil foundation in the Soltan salt lake area of Iran. Firstly, the settlement of a long‐short pile composite foundation and the law of pile‐soil stress ratio development with time were studied using a centrifuge model test. In addition, FLAC3D was used to simulate the test conditions, and it has been observed that the numerical and experimental results were in good agreement. Based on the numerical model, the effects of the replacement rate of long and short piles, cushion modulus, and pile length on the settlement of the composite foundation and the stress ratio of long and short piles were analyzed. The results show that the long‐short pile composite foundation can effectively control settlement. Compared to the untreated foundation, the total settlement of a long‐short pile composite foundation was reduced by 67%, and the postconstruction settlement was reduced by 47.7%. Compared to the final settlement of the composite foundation obtained using the centrifuge model test, the error range of the numerical simulation results was between 2.4% and 8%. The influence of pile spacing on the settlement and stress characteristics of a long‐short pile composite foundation is greater than that attributable to the arrangement of the piles. Under this geological condition, it is reasonable to choose a pile spacing of 4d∼5d. When the long pile reaches the bearing stratum, the length of the short pile should not exceed 0.6 times the length of the long pile. The setting cushion not only reduces uneven settlement of the composite foundation but also improves the joint bearing capacity of the pile and the soil between the piles.
Comparative Study of Antitumor Activity between Lipophilic Bismuth Nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) and Chlorhexidine on Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Fernando , García-Cuellar Claudia María , Hernandez-Delgadillo Rene , Zaragoza-Magaña Valentin , Sánchez-Pérez Yesennia , Meester Irene , Nakagoshi-Cepeda Sergio Eduardo , Solís-Soto Juan Manuel , Nakagoshi-Cepeda María Argelia Akemi , Chellam Shankararaman , Cabral-Romero Claudio
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to compare the antitumor activity of lipophilic bismuth nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on human squamous cell carcinoma. BisBAL NPs were synthesized by colloidal method and characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM). The effect of BisBAL NPs and CHX on oral cancer cell line (CAL-27) and nontumor control cell human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was determined by MTT cell viability assay. The obtained results showed selective inhibition of CAL-27 cell growth by BisBAL nanoclusters. A 24 h exposition to 25 μM BisBAL NP decreased 91% of CAL-27 cell growth, while nontumor HGFs cells were unaffected by BisBAL NPs showing 90% of cell viability. In contrast, CHX kills both CAL-27 and HGFs with the same efficacy. 25 μM of CHX decreased 97% and 80% of tumor and nontumoral cell growth. BisBAL NP and CHX alter cell permeability suggesting that action mechanism may include loss of cell membrane integrity. Also, CHX and not BisBAL NP presented genotoxicity on genomic DNA of tumor cells. As conclusion, BisBAL NPs have a selective antitumor activity on human squamous cell carcinoma, unlike CHX which was cytotoxic for both tumoral and nontumoral control cells.
Deflection Mechanism and Safety Analysis of Coal Mine Shaft in Deep Soil Strata
Authors: Han Jihuan , Zou Jiuqun , Hu Chenchen , Yang Weihao
Published: December 2019

The main shaft and auxiliary shaft in the Guotun Coal Mine underwent large deflections, with deflection values of 359 mm and 322 mm, respectively. These two deflections represent the first occurrence of such large vertical shaft deviations in the soil strata in China. The deflection problem has seriously affected the hoisting safety and lining safety and has become a serious impediment to the sustainable production of mines. Therefore, the deflection mechanism must be determined. For this purpose, based on mining subsidence theory, the spatial probability integral method and a more accurate time function were used to establish a model, called 3D dynamic prediction model, for predicting the shaft movement. The formulas for calculating the lining stress caused by coal mining were based on established models. With measured shaft deflection data, the prediction parameters for deep soil strata were calculated on the basis of an inversion analysis. A comparative analysis of measured and calculated deflection values revealed that the reason for shaft deflection in Guotun Coal Mine is the insufficient size of the protection coal pillar (PCP); namely, the design parameters of the PCP in current codes are not applicable to the deep soil strata. As a result, under the asymmetric mining conditions, mining causes the shaft to deflect without damage and under the symmetric mining conditions, mining causes the lining to fracture. The results have an extremely important significance for the prevention and control of shaft deflection, for the rational design of PCP, and for the sustainability of mine production.
Numerical Simulation of Solid Particle Erosion in Aluminum Alloy Spool Valve
Authors: Liu Jin-gang , Wang Gao-sheng , Peng Tian-heng , Jiang Sheng-qiang
Published: December 2019

Aluminum alloy spool valve body material is prone to severe wear on the wall under the condition of oil contamination. Aiming at this problem, combined with the theory of liquid‐solid two‐phase flow and erosion wear, the wear prediction model of aluminum alloy sliding valve wall is established based on computational fluid dynamics, and the effects of turbulence and wall materials, particle size distribution, and particle shape on particle motion are discussed. The calculation of the wear prediction model is done with Fluent software. This study predicts the wear of the wall under actual working conditions and calculates the influence of particle size, particle shape, and pressure difference on the wall wear of the aluminum alloy sliding valve. The research results have certain significance for the maintenance and upkeep of aluminum alloy sliding valve wall, improved design, and life prediction.
Unique Presentation and Management Approach of Pleural Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Authors: Aridi Tarek , Tawil Ayman , Hashem Mohamad , Khoury Joe , Raad Roy A. , Youssef Pierre
Published: December 2019

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura is an uncommon tumor that is often discovered incidentally on a routine chest X-ray. We report a case of a young female with a large, sessile, hypervascularized SFT of the pleura presenting with cardiopulmonary shock to a rural hospital with limited therapeutic interventions. We propose, in this case report, a unique multidisciplinary approach for the management of such a critical patient and the safe resection of the tumor.
Fractional Limb Volume in Spina Bifida Fetuses as an Assessment Tool for Postnatal Ambulation
Authors: Donepudi Roopali , Huynh Melissa , Johnson Anthony , Austin Mary , Tsao KuoJen , Papanna Ramesha , Moise Jr. Kenneth J.
Published: December 2019

Background: Prenatal fractional limb volume (FLV) can be used to assess muscle atrophy in fetuses with myelomeningocele. Objective: We hypothesize that FLV in fetal myelomeningocele (fMMC) repair is different from postnatal repair (PNR). Assessing intrauterine muscle development can predict ambulation. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed from July 2012 to April 2016. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and FLV of the fetal thigh were assessed by ultrasound. Ambulation videos were collected from patients over 30 months of age. FLV was compared between the fMMC and PNR groups and between ambulators and non-ambulators. Two-sample t test, ANOVA, Spearman’s rho correlation, and Bland-Altman plots were used for analysis. A p value <0.05 was used for statistical significance. Results: Fifty-nine patients were included, 24 had fMMC and 35 had PNR. Videos were obtained in 47 cases (73%). There was no difference in baseline demographics between the groups. There was no significant change in the fMMC group between the FLV at initial presentation and the repeat at 34 weeks gestation (54.5 ± 28.2 and 62.2% ± 16.4; p = 0.6). In contrast, the FLV in the PNR decreased between the initial evaluation and the repeat at 34 weeks (54.1 ± 27.7 to 35.8 ± 34.1%; p = 0.04). FLV at 34 weeks gestation was higher in the fMMC group as compared to the PNR group (62.2 ± 16.4 vs. 35.8 ± 34.1%; p = 0.02). There was no difference in FLV between ambulators and non-ambulators either at initial evaluation (p = 0.8) or at 34 weeks gestation (p = 0.6). Conclusion: Lower FLV in the PNR group compared to fMMC may suggest in utero muscle atrophy. No correlation was seen between FLV and subsequent ambulation; however, future larger studies may be needed.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALISTS IN PROCESS OF NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION
Authors: Fastivets A. B.
Published: December 2019

The article defines the fact that educational conditions analyzed by the author are in close correlation and set up a unity which is characterized by availability of integrated components to secure the availability of specialists to the professional service. They ensure the potential use of natural sciences by optimization of educational forms, methods and technologies. The complex of measures of selection of educational conditions for formation of professional competences of physical therapy specialists which is proposed by the author includes: formation of value attitude of specialists to be toward their specialty; use of different methods and forms, a system of situational tasks and practical training in process of natural science education; settlement of subject-subject correlation in process of natural science education.

As a result of our research, the essence of the concept “educational conditions” is revealed and educational conditions of formation of professional competences of physical therapy specialists in process of natural science education are separated and substantiated. It was proved by the author that the educational conditions of formation of professional competences of physical therapy specialists in process of natural science education are a system of opportunities, technologies and facilities of organization of educational process which enable the effectiveness of formation of professional competences of specialists.
ЕФЕКТИВНІ МЕТОДИ НАВЧАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «УКРАЇНСЬКА МОВА (ЗА ПРОФЕСІЙНИМ СПРЯМУВАННЯМ)» ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
Authors: Zalipska I. Ya.
Published: December 2019

У статті порушено проблему використання ефективних методів навчання  дисципліни «Українська мова (за професійним спрямуванням)» для студентів медичних спеціальностей. Зазначено, що ефект непередбачуваності роботи, мобільність викладача і розумна діджиталізація в освіті як нові методи та підходи до навчання завжди урізноманітнюють практичне заняття, привертають увагу, зацікавлюють і далі сприяють активній роботі студента. У дослідженні проаналізовано різнотипні завдання до теми «Мовна норма. Орфоепічні норми, норми наголосу». Наголошено на використанні цікавих інтерактивних методів навчання, як-от: «Мозковий штурм», «Фоторепортаж», «Мікрофон», «Робота в парах», «Тренувальні завдання», «Інтер­активні завдання», «Робота в групах», «Прес». Аргументовано важливість відеопрезентації на занятті, у якій відображено основні теоретичні аспекти теми.

Встановлено, що метод «Мозковий штурм» і метод колективно-групового навчання «Мікрофон» сприяють швидкому і якісному опитуванню теоретичного матеріалу. Виконання завдання «Фоторепортаж» підвищує інтерес студентів до покращення рівня володіння українською мовою, адже виправлення чужих помилок – це дієвий метод для запам’ятовування норм літературної мови. Необхідно зазначити, щоб зосередити увагу студентів наприкінці практичного заняття, варто подавати такі завдання, які б із впевненістю їх зацікавили, мали підсумковий характер вивченого матеріалу і спонукали до покращення рівня володіння українським словом. На практичному занятті запропоновано студентам проаналізувати фрагмент телепрограми медичної тематики і виписати порушення літературних норм. Зауважимо, що робота в парах і в групах потребує більшої затрати часу, однак такі завдання є високоефективними. Безперечно, якісне виконання запропонованих завдань вимагає хоча б часткової попередньої підготовки студентів до заняття: знання теоретичного матеріалу, написання вдома запропонованих завдань, сумлінного виконання пошукової роботи.
ДОСВІД ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЛАПАРОСКОПІЧНОГО ТРЕНАЖЕРА З МЕТОЮ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ПРАКТИЧНИХ НАВИЧОК СТУДЕНТІВ-МЕДИКІВ
Authors: Klymenko A. V. , Steshenko A. O. , Zakharchuk V. S. , Tkachov V. S.
Published: December 2019

В останні роки спостерігається експоненціальне збільшення ролі технічного оснащення в практиці лікаря хірургічного профілю. Міні-інвазивні хірургічні втручання зазнають широкої інтеграції та потребують від спеціаліста оволодіння певними специфічними навичками. Враховуючи наявність невідповідності навчальних програм сучасним тенденціям, виникає необхідність створення нових навчальних курсів. У статті показано досвід використання лапароскопічного тренажера для покращення практичних навичок студентів-медиків, які не мали попереднього досвіду лапароскопічної хірургії. На сконструйованому нами бокс-тренажері учасники пройшли навчальний курс, що складається з семи вправ. Оцінка покращення навичок була здійснена шляхом порівняння результатів учасників на початку і в кінці проходження курсу. Всі учасники змогли успішно виконати вправи, з досягненням поставленого цільового рівня. Всі студенти після проходження курсу покращили свої результати в середньому від 1,6 до 4,65 раза, залежно від вправи (p<0,05). Використання самостійно сконструйованих лапароскопічних бокс-тренажерів з розробленим у клініці комплексом вправ є доцільним задля ефективного підвищення практичної підготовки і вмотивованості студентів-медиків. Раннє ознайомлення майбутніх спеціалістів із стандартами міні-інвазивної хірургії є важливою складовою навчального процесу і допомагає створити інноваційно орієнтоване професійне мислення.
ФІЛОСОФСЬКИЙ І ПЕДАГОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТИ ЕСТЕТИЧНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ В НІМЕЧЧИНІ ТА ФРАНЦІЇ: МИНУЛЕ Й СЬОГОДЕННЯ
Authors: Rambu Nicolae , Fedchyshyn N. O. , Permiakova O. H.
Published: December 2019

У статті узагальнено педагогічний та історико-філософський досвід естетичного виховання у Німеччині та Франції. Обґрунтовано, що естетичний розвиток дитини є важливим елементом виховного процесу. На основі аналізу філософської концепції та педагогічних поглядів Й.-Ф. Гербарта з’ясовано, що у виховному процесі дитини чільне місце належить естетичній складовій (художній потенціал, вільне й творче вираження думки, переживань). Обґрунтовано актуальні підходи німецького мислителя до розв’язання важливих проблем виховання та естетичного розвитку дитини. Розкрито модель естетичного розвитку дитини у Франції, ставлення до навколишньої дійсності і мистецтва, уміння сприймати прояви прекрасного у природі, побуті, людських взаєминах. Пояснено необхідність виховання здатності до естетичної діяльності (творчості, задоволення, формування естетичних смаків, почуттів, ідеалів).

Вивчення історичного досвіду Німеччини та Франції щодо естетичного виховання, у якому втілені передові ідеї європейської педагогічної думки і які займають сьогодні лідерські позиції у навчально-виховному процесі, становить значний інтерес серед вчених, педагогів-практиків. З педагогічної точки зору, естетичне виховання у Німеччині та Франції ґрунтується на першочерговому розвитку у дитини естетичного сприйняття, креативності, мистецького бачення: художнє слово, музика, живопис.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ВІРТУАЛЬНИХ НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ПРОГРАМ ДЛЯ ВИВЧЕННЯ ЛАТИНСЬКИХ МЕДИЧНИХ ТЕРМІНІВ
Authors: Vorona I. I. , Savaryn T. V.
Published: December 2019

У статті вказано на ефективність використання віртуальної програми на заняттях латинської мови, проаналізовано науково-методичні підходи до використання віртуального середовища для вивчення латинської медичної термінології студентами у вищих медичних навчальних закладах. Узагальнено досвід використання віртуальної навчальної програми на заняттях з латинської мови у студентів-медиків. Зазначено, що використання віртуальних навчальних програм значно розширює можливості викладачів, сприяє індивідуалізації навчання, активізації пізнавальної діяльності студентів; дає змогу максимально адаптувати процес навчання до їхніх індивідуальних особливостей.

Сьогодні в системі вищої освіти значна увага приділяється інформатизації навчального процесу. Використання комп’ютерних технологій дає змогу організувати процес передачі інформації студентам більш ефективно, із застосуванням усіх можливих каналів. Арсенал наявних навчальних програм досить вагомий. Чільне місце в навчанні посідає застосування віртуальних навчальних програм. Інформатизація та комп’ютеризація освіти в сучасному глобалізованому світі передбачає як підготовку виклада­ча до використання інноваційних технологій, так і готовність студента працювати самостійно, особливо у процесі вивчення фахової термінології. Віртуальні навчальні програми можуть застосовуватися в процесі навчання латинської мови професійного медичного спрямування як потужне джерело інформації, як засіб індивідуалізації навчання, оцінювання та контро­лю знань, а також як засіб активізації творчої діяльності студентів та заохочення до навчання. Виконання віртуальних програм значно прискорює процес освоєння навчального матеріалу, урізноманітнює його, робить цікавішим. Оскільки комп’ютерна віртуальна програма з латинської мови містить необхідні відомості як з теорії, так і з практики, це допомагає студентам перед опитуванням проконтролювати свої знання за методикою виконання, а також полегшити засвоєння матеріалу на занятті.
LATIN APHORISMS AS A COMPONENT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL TRAINING OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Kolodnytska O. D. , Palasiuk H. B.
Published: December 2019

The article summarizes the experience of learning Latin aphorisms, quotes, sayings and proverbs at Latin lessons by medical students, and represents their samples, and their corresponding national equivalents in English and Ukrainian.

Nowadays, it is difficult to name the branch of human activity where Latin phrases would not sound. Latin as a unifying link between antiquity and modern European culture promotes the formation of “homo moralis” (pure morality).

Latin aphorisms absorbed the most valuable experience gained from the knowledge of man, natural phenomena, customs of the people, cultural life or history. They develop the intellectual level of the person, his/her outlook and give the opportunity to distinguish good from evil, unmistakably feel the truth and falsehood.

Many biblical sayings (the Bible was translated into Latin in the IV century AD) are used in modern Ukrainian, English, French, Russian and other European languages.

Wise and concise Latin proverbs (which express the precepts for descendants about interpersonal relationships), apt and witty aphorisms have taken the place of honor in the international multilingual phraseological foundation. This is certainly due to the great historical importance of Latin in the development of European civilization, science, culture, and education.

In Latin lessons, we encourage medical students to study aphorisms on a variety of topics, including those that promote healthy lifestyles and condemn habits adversely affecting human health, such as alcohol abuse. The efficient implementation of Latin aphorisms as a component of socio-cultural training in medical schools provides the highest quality of the educational process.
GENERALIZED MODEL OF INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICAL STUDENTS’ INDIVIDUAL WORK MANAGEMENT IN LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Oleksii K. B. , Savaryn T. V. , Vorona I. I.
Published: December 2019

Different approaches to the study of the system of students’ individual work management have been analyzed. The peculiarity of the proposed integrative technology of students’ individual work management is that the management effectiveness is achieved through the organization of the students’ individual work with diagnostic objectives, the achievement of which is subject to a clear description and definition.

Structural components of integrated technology are: goals, content, methods, organizational forms and functional components.

It has been proved that the effectiveness of management of students’ individual work depends on the goals and methods of achieving them; internal motivation and cognitive interests of students; quality of the content aspect of educational information for self-study; creation of favorable conditions for self-realization of a student; the methodological provision of the discipline, its precise planning, organization and management, student’s free time; the competent use of various forms of current and periodic control.

Integrated technology develops intellectual and creative students’ abilities, helps to make decisions. This circumstance is especially important, as in modern science, there is an increasingly evident tendency to the synthesis of knowledge, to the awareness and disclosure of the collectivity of cognition objects.
Violência, criminalização e genocídio em Capão Pecado
Authors: Melo Clarissa Damasceno
Published: December 2019

No presente trabalho, analisamos o romance Capão Pecado (2000), de Ferréz, pontuando a representação que faz do negro e sua inscrição em romances que (re) pensam a favela e seus problemas, dentre eles, a política de drogas. Para tal, em um primeiro momento, abordaremos as distinções entre a literatura sobre o negro e a literatura do negro, no contexto nacional de apagamento da cultura negra e marginalização da periferia, trazendo para o centro do debate o processo de atualização do discurso colonizador de domínio e genocídio da população pobre e negra. Posteriormente, discutimos as implicações entre discurso jurídico e controle social, por meio das quais institucionaliza-se a seletividade punitiva e o genocídio da juventude pobre e negra, passando à análise propriamente do romance. Como conclusão, entende-se que essa obra literária permite afirmar que a guerra às drogas tem se traduzido em uma guerra aos pobres e, ao longo dos anos, transformou-se em genocídio negro.
Loss of Endothelial FTO Antagonizes Obesity-Induced Metabolic and Vascular Dysfunction
Authors: Krüger Nenja , Biwer Lauren A. , Good Miranda E. , Ruddiman Claire A. , Wolpe Abigail G. , DeLalio Leon J. , Murphy Sara , Macal Edgar H. , Ragolia Louis , Serbulea Vlad , Best Angela K. , Leitinger Norbert , Harris Thurl E. , Sonkusare Swapnil K. , Gödecke Axel , Isakson Brant E.
Published: December 2019

Rationale:

Increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated risk with cardiovascular diseases demands a better understanding of the contribution of different cell types within this complex disease for developing new treatment options. Previous studies could prove a fundamental role of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) within obesity; however, its functional role within different cell types is less understood.

Objectives:

We identify endothelial FTO as a previously unknown central regulator of both obesity-induced metabolic and vascular alterations.

Methods and Results:

We generated endothelial
Fto
-deficient mice and analyzed the impact of obesity on those mice. While the loss of endothelial FTO did not influence the development of obesity and dyslipidemia, it protected mice from high-fat diet–induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance by increasing AKT (protein kinase B) phosphorylation in endothelial cells and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, loss of endothelial FTO prevented the development of obesity-induced hypertension by preserving myogenic tone in resistance arteries. In
Fto
-deficient arteries, microarray analysis identified upregulation of
L-Pgds
with significant increases in prostaglandin D
2
levels. Blockade of prostaglandin D
2
synthesis inhibited the myogenic tone protection in resistance arteries of endothelial
Fto
-deficient mice on high-fat diet; conversely, direct addition of prostaglandin D
2
rescued myogenic tone in high-fat diet–fed control mice. Myogenic tone was increased in obese human arteries with FTO inhibitors or prostaglandin D
2
application.

Conclusions:

These data identify endothelial FTO as a previously unknown regulator in the development of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular changes, which is independent of its known function in regulation of obesity.
4. The Connected Science Model for Innovation—The DARPA Model
Authors: Boone Bonvillian William
Published: December 2019

Chapter 4, by William B. Bonvillian, discusses the “DARPA Model”, and particularly how it follows an approach developed during World War II that connects cutting-edge science with the solution of specific technical challenges.
5. The Value of Vision in Radical Technological Innovation
Authors: Carleton Tamara L.
Published: December 2019

Chapter 5, by Tamara Carleton, discusses the central role of technical vision in DARPA’s operations and results.
Atmospheric Radiative Processes Accelerate Ground Surface Warming over the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau during 1998–2013
Authors: Ji Peng , Yuan Xing , Li Dan
Published: December 2019

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), known as the world’s “Third Pole,” plays a vital role in regulating the regional and global climate and provides freshwater for about 1.5 billion people. Observations show an accelerated ground surface warming trend over the southeastern TP during the global warming slowdown period of 1998–2013, especially in the summer and winter seasons. The processes responsible for such acceleration are under debate as contributions from different radiative processes are still unknown. Here we estimate for the first time the contributions of each radiative component to the ground surface warming trend before and after 1998 by analyzing multisource datasets under an energy balance framework. Results show that declining cloud cover caused by the weakening of both the South Asian summer monsoon and local-scale atmospheric upward motion mainly led to the accelerated ground surface warming during the summers of 1998–2013, whereas the decreased surface albedo caused by the snow melting was the major warming factor in winter. Moreover, increased clear-sky longwave radiation induced by the warming middle and upper troposphere was the second largest factor, contributing to about 21%–48% of the ground surface warming trend in both the summer and winter seasons. Our results unravel the key processes driving the ground surface warming over the southeastern TP and have implications for the development of climate and Earth system models in simulating ground surface temperature change and other related complex cryosphere–hydrosphere–atmosphere interactions over high-altitude land areas.
Arctic SAR and the “security dilemma”
Authors: Byers Michael , Covey Nicole
Published: December 2019

This article explains how search and rescue (SAR) equipment and personnel can strengthen Canada’s Arctic security without contributing to a classic “security dilemma”—whereby a perceived military buildup by one state leads to a responsive buildup by another state, and so on into an arms race. This is because Arctic SAR involves dual-use assets that can fulfill most existing and reasonably foreseeable Arctic security roles as a secondary mission. Avoiding a security dilemma is key with regards to Canada–Russia relations. In the Arctic arena, Russia sees itself surrounded by North Atlantic Treaty Organization states during a period of considerable tension with those same states elsewhere in the world. Although most of the responsibility for that tension lies with Russia, it is still in Canada’s interest to avoid feeding Russia’s Arctic uncertainties and insecurities, since regional military buildups can cause instability and even conflict.
Vladimir Lossky’s Involvement in the Dieu Vivant Circle and its Ecumenical Journal
Authors: Coman Viorel
Published: December 2019

Vladimir Lossky’s theology has been extensively studied by scholars but his commitment to ecumenism still remains an insufficiently researched domain. This article fills this lacuna by shedding light on an important chapter of Lossky’s ecumenical activity: his involvement in the Parisian Dieu Vivant circle and its ecumenical journal. The article argues that Lossky’s editorial work for the Dieu Vivant journal represents an important episode of the ecumenical interactions between the representatives of the Orthodox Neo-Patristic movement and the architects of the French Catholic Ressourcement. Moreover, Lossky’s willingness to be a member of the editorial board of the Dieu Vivant journal cannot be understood apart from the affinity which existed between his theological vision and the agenda of the French periodical: the priority of the eschatological consciousness of Christianity.
Organizing the young precariat in South Korea: A case study of the Youth Community Union
Authors: Yang Kyunguk , Chae Yeon Joo
Published: December 2019

With the neoliberal turn, young people constitute a large part of the insecure class of workers, or the precariat. Given the transient nature of their employment, members of the young precariat face structural barriers that hinder their efforts to organize themselves into trade unions. In this article, the three key barriers to their organizing efforts are identified as underdeveloped common identities, scarce material resources, and inability to utilize conventional trade union resistance methods. Drawing upon social movement theory, this study explores the extent to which the Youth Community Union in South Korea has successfully handled these barriers to represent young, temporary workers.
Why Prosocial Referral Incentives Work: The Interplay of Reputational Benefits and Action Costs
Authors: Gershon Rachel , Cryder Cynthia , John Leslie K.
Published: December 2019

Selfish incentives typically outperform prosocial incentives, and customer referral programs frequently use such “selfish” (i.e., sender-benefiting) incentives to incentivize current customers to recruit new customers. However, in two field experiments and a fully incentivized lab experiment, this research finds that “prosocial” (i.e., recipient-benefiting) referral incentives recruit more new customers. Five subsequent experiments test a process account for this effect, identifying two key psychological mechanisms: reputational benefits and action costs. First, at the referral stage, senders (existing customers) anticipate reputational benefits for referring recipients (potential new customers), who receive a reward for signing up. These reputational benefits render recipient-benefiting referrals just as effective as sender-benefiting referrals at the relatively low-cost referral stage. Second, at the uptake stage, recipient-benefiting referrals are more effective than sender-benefiting referrals: recipient-benefiting referrals directly incentivize recipients to sign up, providing a clear reward for an otherwise costly uptake decision. The preponderance of selfish, or sender-benefiting, referral incentives in the marketplace suggests these effects are unanticipated by marketers who design incentive schemes.
Ravidassia Religiosity in the Modern Era: Perspectives in Theory and from the Field
Authors: Ranjan Abhiruchi
Published: December 2019

The social scientific study of religion, which has depended on the secularisation theory—the proposition that religion diminishes as a society modernises, fails to take cognisance of the complex nature of the modern religious expressions. Such is the case of the Ravidassias of Punjab, whose assertion of a separate, distinct and autonomous religion is not exclusively theological, but latches onto the notions of secular and egalitarian society. Ravidassia religion is a form of resistance to the religious dominance and control of the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (SGPC). According to the SGPC’s maryada, all the Sikhs ought to believe in one immortal being, ten gurus and the Guru Granth Sahib. The Ravidassia dharmic expression is a complex mix of the language of modern-secular values and equality as well as other-worldly aspirations. This article is an attempt to revisit the Ravidassia expression of faith with reference to the Dera Sachkhand Ballan proposing a new theoretical lens to study, understand and analyse faith based identities in the modern era.
Long-term neighbourhood effects on immigrant self-employment
Authors: Wixe Sofia
Published: December 2019

The aim of this article is to analyse how the decision to become self-employed as an adult is influenced by the neighbourhood characteristics experienced during adolescence. The focus is on individuals of foreign background since this is a group that shows low employment rates compared with native Swedes at the same time as the geographic and social separation between individuals of different backgrounds is increasing. The results show that while the short-term effects of segregation on self-employment are negative, individuals who grow up in ethnically segregated neighbourhoods are more likely to become self-employed later in life. In addition, both growing up with and residing with entrepreneurial neighbours have a positive effect on self-employment. Hence, the ethnic and social capital collected during youth seems to persist through adulthood.