bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus Schreber, 1774) in the bat fauna of the Białowieża Primeval Forest
Authors: Rachwald Alek , Ruczyński Ireneusz
Published: September 2015

The occurrence of the Common pipistrelle in the bat fauna of the Białowieża Primeval Forest was expected, because the taxon P. pipistrellus was previously comprised of two separate species. Earlier observations of P. pipistrellus in the Białowieża area can mostly be counted for by the new species Soprano pipistrelle, which is considered equally widely distributed in the area. In this study, we were able to record and distinguish several passes of the Common pipistrelle by means of bat detecting techniques. Bats were found in two locations, the first one being the Białowieża village, whereas the second one is the woodland in close proximity of the Czerlonka village. It is very likely, that this species is more widely distributed in the Białowieża area, especially in the vicinity of human settlements.
Current possibilities and prospects of using fungicides in forestry
Authors: Okorski Adam , Pszczółkowska Agnieszka , Oszako Tomasz , Nowakowska Justyna A.
Published: September 2015

The possibility of using chemicals in European forestry is extremely limited due to the binding legal regulations and specific conditions concerning the market of plant protection products. This is reflected in the limited availability of active fungicides in forestry. Due to this limitation, practitioners using fungicides in forest nurseries and forest cultivation must have substantial knowledge of the biology of pathogens to ensure satisfactorily effective protection.

The work presented here provides an overview of the currently recommended fungicides in Polish forestry as well as the mechanisms of interaction between the active substances and the pathogen, the plant and mycorrhizal fungi. The risk of fungicide resistance, which has been insufficiently explored in the context of forest pathogens, is also discussed in this paper.
Weak Formulation Study For Thermoelastic Buckling Analysis Of Thick Laminated Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Kewei Ding
Published: September 2015

Weak formulations of mixed state equations of closed laminated cylindrical shells are presented in the Hamilton System. The Hamilton canonical equation of closed cylindrical shell is established. By means of applying the transfer matrix method and taking the advantage of Hamiltonian matrix in the calculation, a unified approach and three-dimensional thermoelastic solutions are obtained for the buckling analysis of closed thick laminated cylindrical shells. All equations of elasticity can be satisfied and all elastic constants can be taken into account. Numerical results are given to compare with those of FEM calculated using SAP5. The principle and method suggested here have clear physical concepts. The equations and boundary conditions proposed in this paper are weakened. The solutions and results given here may serve as a benchmark for other numerical procedures.
Response Due To Impulsive Force In Generalized Thermomicrostretch Elastic Solid
Authors: Kumar V. , Singh R.
Published: September 2015

A two dimensional Cartesian model of a generalized thermo-microstretch elastic solid subjected to impulsive force has been studied. The eigen value approach is employed after applying the Laplace and Fourier transforms on the field equations for L-S and G-L model of the plain strain problem. The integral transforms have been inverted into physical domain numerically and components of normal displacement, normal force stress, couple stress and microstress have been illustrated graphically.
Fourth Order Nonlinear Evolution Equation For Interfacial Gravity Waves In The Presence Of Air Flowing Over Water And A Basic Current Shear
Authors: Majumder D.P. , Dhar A.K.
Published: September 2015

A fourth order nonlinear evolution equation, which is a good starting point for the study of nonlinear water waves as first pointed out by Dysthe (1979) is derived for gravity waves propagating at the interface of two superposed fluids of infinite depth in the presence of air flowing over water and a basic current shear. A stability analysis is then made for a uniform Stokes gravity wave train. Graphs are plotted for the maximum growth rate of instability and for wave number at marginal stability against wave steepness for different values of air flow velocity and basic current shears. Significant deviations are noticed from the results obtained from the third order evolution equation, which is the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Inelastic Stability Analysis Of Uniaxially Compressed Flat Rectangular Isotropic CCSS Plate
Authors: Ibearugbulem O.M. , Eziefula U.G. , Onwuka D.O.
Published: September 2015

This study investigates the inelastic stability of a thin flat rectangular isotropic plate subjected to uniform uniaxial compressive loads using Taylor-Maclaurin series formulated deflection function. The plate has clamped and simply supported edges in both characteristic directions (CCSS boundary conditions). The governing equation is derived using a deformation plasticity theory and a work principle. Values of the plate buckling coefficient are calculated for aspect ratios from 0.1 to 2.0 at intervals of 0.1. The results compared favourably with the elastic stability values and the percentage differences ranged from −0.353% to −7.427%. Therefore, the theoretical approach proposed in this study is recommended for the inelastic stability analysis of thin flat rectangular isotropic plates under uniform in-plane compression.
Was Viktor Orbán’s Unorthodox Economic Policy the Right Answer to Hungary’s Economic Misfortunes?
Authors: Piasecki Marcin A.
Published: September 2015

This paper assesses whether the unorthodox policies implemented in Hungary since 2010 were, given a four-year perspective, the right answer to Hungarian economic problems.

The paper draws on findings from the author’s August and November 2014 study trips to Hungary, during which Hungarian government officials and scholars from Budapest University of Technology and Economics were interviewed. These findings were supplemented by publications and data from Eurostat and World Bank databases.

Statistical data from May 2015 demonstrate that significant improvements took place in most (if not all) areas of the Hungarian economy since 2010. The country avoided bankruptcy and its 2014 GDP growth outpaced that of the Czech Republic and Poland. Viktor Orbán’s economic reforms therefore seem to have been the appropriate response to the Hungary’s economic misfortunes. The jury is, however, still out on whether those policies laid lasting fundaments for long-term growth.

Hungary is the first Central European country (since the anti-communist revolution triggered by Solidarność movement) that is experimenting with an independent economic policy. The results of Viktor Orbán’s experiment, if ultimately judged positive, could have profound consequences for the other countries in Central Europe and beyond.
Return Dynamics and Volatility Spillovers Between FOREX and Stock Markets in MENA Countries: What to Remember for Portfolio Choice?
Authors: Arfaoui Mongi , Ben Rejeb Aymen
Published: September 2015

This article investigates the interdependence of stock-forex markets in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries for the February 26, 1999 to June 30, 2014 period. The analysis has been performed through three competing models: the VAR-CCC-GARCH model of Bollerslev [1990]; the VAR-BEKK-GARCH model of Engle and Kroner [1995]; and the VAR-DCC-GARCH model of Engle [2002]. Our findings confirm that both markets are interdependent and corroborate the stock and flow oriented approaches. We also find that, comparing to optimal weights, hedge ratios are typically low, denoting that hedging efficiency is quite good. Our estimation of hedging efficiency suggests that incorporating foreign exchange in a full stock, unhedged portfolio increases the risk-adjusted return while reducing its variance. (We note here that the forex market is overweighted for both portfolio allocations and hedging strategies.) Moreover, this conclusion holds for all countries in all three models.
Institutions and Outward Foreign Direct Investment2
Authors: Klimek Artur
Published: September 2015

This paper explores the influence of the quality of a host country’s institutional environment on outflows from that country of foreign direct investment. The main finding of this paper is that such quality does play an important role, particularly with respect to governance quality and political stability. This implies that better institutional conditions may reduce undesirable outflows of capital, and the quality of those institutions may impact FDI effectiveness in host countries.
R&D Activities in Oligopoly and Social Welfare
Authors: Prokop Jacek , Wiśnicki Bartłomiej
Published: September 2015

This paper analyzes the impact of R&D activities in an oligopoly on consumer surplus and social welfare. We use a two-stage model to analyze the behavior of duopolists at the research level, and in the final-product market, under the assumption of linear and quadratic cost functions. Three options for firm competition are considered: 1) Cournot competition at both stages; 2) cooperation at the R&D stage and Cournot competition in the final-product market; and 3) cooperation at both stages. Numerical simulations for various levels of R&D spillovers are conducted to analyze the welfare effects of firm decisions. We conclude that for high levels of technological spillovers, total welfare is highest when firms engage in cooperation at the R&D stage, and compete in the final product market, independent of the shape of cost functions. However, the functional form of production costs has a qualitative impact on welfare when firms fully compete.
Riding a probabilistic support vector machine to the Stanley Cup
Authors: Demers Simon
Published: September 2015

The predictive performance of various team metrics is compared in the context of 105 best-of-seven national hockey league (NHL) playoff series that took place between 2008 and 2014 inclusively. This analysis provides renewed support for traditional box score statistics such as goal differential, especially in the form of Pythagorean expectations. A parsimonious relevance vector machine (RVM) learning approach is compared with the more common support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. Despite the potential of the RVM approach, the SVM algorithm proved to be superior in the context of hockey playoffs. The probabilistic SVM results are used to derive playoff performance expectations for NHL teams and identify playoff under-achievers and over-achievers. The results suggest that the Arizona Coyotes and the Carolina Hurricanes can both be considered Round 2 over-achievers while the Nashville Predators would be Round 2 under-achievers, even after accounting for several observable team performance metrics and playoff predictors. The Vancouver Canucks came the closest to qualify as Stanley Cup Finals under-achievers after they lost against the Boston Bruins in 2011. Overall, the results tend to support the idea that the NHL fields extremely competitive playoff teams, that chance or other intangible factors play a significant role in NHL playoff outcomes and that playoff upsets will continue to occur regularly.
Diagnostik von myelodysplastischen Syndromen (MDS) und akuten myeloischen Leukämien (AML)
Authors: Germing Ulrich , Haferlach Torsten
Published: September 2015

Myelodysplastische Syndrome (MDS) sind maligne Stammzellerkrankungen, die meist im höheren Lebensalter anlässlich der Abklärung einer Zytopenie diagnostiziert werden und variable Krankheitsverläufe aufweisen. Die Diagnostik erfolgt mittels Zytologie, Zytogenetik und Histologie unter Berücksichtigung der Ausprägung der Dysplasien, des Blastenanteils in Blut und Knochenmark und zytogenetischer Befunde nach den Vorschlägen der WHO-Klassifikation. Essentiell ist eine möglichst exakte Zytologie, da die Zuordnung zu verschiedenen WHO Typen von hoher prognostischer und damit auch therapeutischer Bedeutung ist. Die akuten myeloischen Leukämien (AML) werden von den MDS anhand einer Blastenzahl von ≥20% im Knochenmark oder im Blut abgegrenzt. Die Diagnostik fusst ebenso wie bei den MDS auf den Säulen der Morphologie, Zytogenetik und Histologie. Zusätzlich haben die Immunphänotypisierung und die Ergebnisse molekulargenetischer Analysen eine grosse Bedeutung. Letztere sind für die Prognose zusammen mit der Zytogenetik von zentraler, therapiesteuernder Relevanz. Zur Bestimmung der minimalen Resterkrankung (MRD) werden die Immunphänotypisierung und molekulare Marker verwendet.
Urban planning in riverfront areas. A case study of a mediterranean city: Terrassa (Catalonia, NE Spain)
Authors: Riu Albert Santasusagna , Donada Joan Tort
Published: September 2015

Since 1980, Spain has introduced urban regeneration plans in various cities with the aim of integrating the river environment into the urban system. This process has proved most challenging in cities whose rivers present extreme features, as is the case with Terrassa (Catalonia, NE Spain), a medium-sized city (215,000 inhabitants in 2013) whose three river courses are prone to flash flooding. Through the critical analysis of urban planning undertaken in the city from the fifties to the present day, we show that the urban evolution of each of the three intermittent streams has differed significantly. Thus, while the plans affecting el Torrent de Vallparadís have led to the construction of Terrassa’s central park, the plans for la Riera del Palau and la Riera de les Arenes have impeded, in their own ways, full urban integration.
Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence of shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure
Authors: Phuruangrat Anukorn , Kuntalue Budsabong , Thongtem Titipun , Thongtem Somchai
Published: September 2015

Shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure has been successfully synthesized from Ba(N03)2·4H20 and Na2MoO4·2H2O as starting materials in ethylene glycol solvent containing 20 mL 5 M NaOH by microwave radiation at 180 W for 30 min. The as- synthesized BaMoO4 product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photolumines­cence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD patterns revealed that the products was tetragonal BaMoO4 phase. SEM and TEM characteriza­tion showed that the product had a shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure. PL of the shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure showed a maximum emission at 466 nm excited by 280 nm wavelength.
Drug policy, values and the public health approach –four lessons from drug policy reform movements
Authors: Rogeberg Ole
Published: September 2015

Drug policies affect a large set of outcomes and may reflect the concerns of several policy stakeholder groups. Researchers analysing policies typically employ a public health approach, extended to reflect concerns beyond population health and longevity. I argue that the resulting approach, as currently practised, fails to capture several concerns seen as important by recent drug policy reform movements, that is, the full harms of illegal markets, the subjectively valued consumption of intoxicants, the dysfunctionality of current policy processes in the drug field and the value of the knowledge gained from policy experiments. I illustrate this by referring to the book Drug policy and the public good, a public health-based review of research evidence and its relevance for drug policy written by leading international researchers in the field.
Targeting Khat or Targeting Somalis? A Discourse Analysis of Project Evaluations on Khat Abuse among Somali Immigrants in Scandinavia
Authors: Nordgren Johan
Published: September 2015

Background

In Denmark, Norway and Sweden, the use of the psychoactive plant khat is widely seen as a social and health problem exclusively affecting the Somali immigrant population. Several projects by governmental and municipal bodies and agencies have been initiated to reduce khat use and abuse within this target population.

Aim

This article analyses the khat abuse discourse as it is presented in evaluation reports describing projects initiated by the social services to reduce khat abuse.

Methods

Six publicly available and formally evaluated khat projects conducted in the Scandinavian countries were found, and these evaluation reports were subjected to a Foucauldian discourse analysis. The “What's the problem represented to be?” approach was used to generate questions, which were then applied to the material.

Results & CONCLUSIONS

The problem of khat abuse is represented to be that it is the cause of unemployment, lack of integration and relationship issues among Somali immigrants. The analysis shows that the notion of cultural competence is used instrumentally to govern the target population and that the Somali immigrant group is exclusively targeted. This instrumental use of cultural competence partly places the onus on the “Somali community” itself to reduce khat use, which may engender stigmatisation of Somali immigrants in general. The author maintains that an overreliance on cultural explanations overlooks socioeconomic issues and that the focus should be on potentially problematic patterns of khat use rather than Somali immigrants in general.
The Manichaean Attitude to Natural Phenomena as Reflected in the Berlin Kephalaia
Authors: Kósa Gábor
Published: September 2015

The relationship between religion and science is a hotly debated issue, which has triggered new approaches and redefinitions of fundamental notions worldwide. This paper presents a preliminary sketch of the Manichaean attitude towards natural phenomena, thus exploring the question of the relation of religion to science—even if these notions are not necessarily applicable for early, non-European phenomena—in a historical context. In my survey, I use the Coptic Kephalaia, a fourth-century Manichaean text from Egypt, to highlight some instances (the Sun and the Moon, clouds, vegetation and animals, the salty sea, shadow, and earthquake) that characteristically reflect the unique, early Manichaean attitude to the physical world.
Simulation of sunscreen performance
Authors: Herzog Bernd , Osterwalder Uli
Published: September 2015

Sunscreens are used to protect the human skin against harmful effects of solar UV radiation. The most important quantity characterizing sunscreen performance is the sun protection factor (SPF). At the stage of development of new sun protection formulations quick and inexpensive methods for estimation of the UV screening performance are highly desirable. The most convenient approach towards this goal is given by computational simulations. Models for the calculation of the SPF employ the same algorithm as used with in vitro SPF measurements, but replace the transmittance measurement by the calculation of the overall absorbance of the UV filters in an irregular sunscreen film. The simulations require a database with quantitative UV extinction spectra of the relevant UV filters as well as a mathematical description of the film irregularity. The simulation algorithm implies also the consideration of photodegradation properties of the UV filters in the sunscreen composition. Besides using such simulations for designing new sunscreen formulations, the calculations can also support the understanding of sunscreen performance in general.
Influence of nanocrystalline structure and surface properties of TiO2 thin films on the viability of L929 cells
Authors: Osękowska Małgorzata , Karuga-Kuźniewska Ewa , Wojcieszak Damian , Mazur Michał , Poniedziałek Agata , Kaczmarek Danuta , Szymonowicz Maria , Rybak Zbigniew
Published: September 2015

In this work the physicochemical and biological properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films were investigated. Thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering method. Their properties were examined by X-ray diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, optical transmission method and optical profiler. Moreover, surface wettability and scratch resistance were determined. It was found that as-deposited coatings were nanocrystalline and had TiO2-anatase structure, built from crystallites in size of 24 nm. The surface of the films was homogenous, composed of closely packed grains and hydrophilic. Due to nanocrystalline structure thin films exhibited good scratch resistance. The results were correlated to the biological activity (in vitro) of thin films. Morphological changes of mouse fibroblasts (L929 cell line) after contact with the surface of TiO2 films were evaluated with the use of a contrast-phase microscope, while their viability was tested by MTT colorimetric assay. The viability of cell line upon contact with the surface of nanocrystalline TiO2 film was comparable to the control sample. L929 cells had homogenous cytoplasm and were forming a confluent monofilm, while lysis and inhibition of cell growth was not observed. Moreover, the viability in contact with surface of examined films was high. This confirms non-cytotoxic effect of TiO2 film surface on mouse fibroblasts.
Studies on Thermal Degradation Behavior of Siliceous Agriculture Waste (Rice Husk, Wheat Husk and Bagasse)
Authors: Javed Syed H. , Aslam Umair , Kazmi Mohsin , Rustam Masooma , Riaz Sheema , Munir Zahid
Published: September 2015

Various siliceous agriculture waste (SAW) such as rice husk, wheat husk and bagasse have been investigated to study their thermal degradation behavior using Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) technique. The focus of this research is to conduct TGA of raw and acid treated (20% HCl & 1M H2SO4) SAW at heating rate 10°C/min in the atmosphere of nitrogen. The results were analyzed on the basis of thermograms and it was inferred that 24 hours soaking with 20% HCl prior to thermal degradation enhanced the percent weight loss. The process also improved the percentage of residual weight of SAW indicating the extraction of amorphous silica with increased purity. The effect of acid treatment was verified by determining chemical composition of SAW samples before and after soaking with 20% HCl. Proximate analysis, thermal degradation temperature ranges and percentage of residual weight at 800°C for each of rice husk, wheat husk and bagasse were also quantified to observe the thermal degradation behavior. XRF analysis was performed to observe the effect of acid treatment for extraction of pure silica.
Statistical modeling of copper losses in the silicate slag of the sulfide concentrate smelting process
Authors: Savic Marija V. , Djordjevic Predrag B. , Mihajlovic Ivan N. , Zivkovic Zivan D.
Published: September 2015

This article presents the results of the statistical modeling of copper losses in the silicate slag of the sulfide concentrates smelting process. The aim of this study was to define the correlation dependence of the degree of copper losses in the silicate slag on the following parameters of technological processes: SiO2, FeO, Fe3O4, CaO and Al2O3 content in the slag and copper content in the matte. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA), artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used as tools for mathematical analysis of the indicated problem. The best correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.719) of the final model was obtained using the ANFIS modeling approach.
A very rare, petro-clival, neurothekeoma tumor. Case Report
Authors: Iacob G. , Tene Silvia , Iuga Mariana , Simion G.
Published: September 2015

Known as nerve sheath myxoma too, neurothekeoma are benign tumors, usually arise in the skin of the head, neck region and upper extremities, in young females. Cerebral neurothekeoma are very rare, a few cases were already described in the parasellar area, in the middle cranial and posterior fossa. We present a petro-clival neurotekoma. A 78-year-old male was admitted for two years left fronto-temporal headache completed in the last 6 months with left trigeminal V1 neuralgia, left facial hypoesthesia, diplopia, swallowing disorders for liquid foods, balance disorders. From his medical records we noticed: stage 2 chronic kidney disease, hypertension, prostate adenoma, dyslipidemia hypercholesterolemia. The MRI showed a macronodular petroclival mass in hiper T2, hipo T1, flair iso signal; normal cerebral angiography. The patient was operated on using a left retrosigmoid, retromastoidian approach. A 4/3/3 cm tumor, gray, encapsulated, soft consistency, partially cystic, less bleeding, attached to the dura, displacing the basilar artery and brain stem controlateral, encasing the trigeminal nerve. The tumor was totally removed with a good postop evolution. Six months follow up he had no more facial pain, but only persistant left facial hypoesthesia. Histologically the tumor had lobular appearance with spindle or stellate cells embedded in abundant myxoid background. The tumor cells were diffusely positive for S100, PGP9.5’, CD 34” positive in vessels, Ki67’positive in 5%. Cranial MRI performed one month after surgery did not show any residual tumor. Also known as nerve sheath myxomas, neurothekoma are rare benign tumors. For intracranial neurothekoma surgical indication is mandatory
Partial thrombosed parasagittal AVM, complete resection. Case report
Authors: Sandu Aurelia Mihaela , Gorgan M.R.
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital lesions formed by a network of dysplastic vessels.

CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 63 years old man, admitted with seizures and headache. Imaging findings, angio-CT, angio-MR and angiography revealed a partially thombosed right parasagittal frontal AVM, with fully thrombosed associated flow-related aneurysm on the main arterial feeder. The patient underwent surgery and we performed total resection of the AVM. The particularity of this case is the rare possibility of outcome with regression of the vascular malformation.

CONCLUSIONS: Brain AVMs are evolutive lesions. Regression, through progressive thrombosis of the nidus is a rare possible outcome in brain AVMs. In thrombosed AVMs angiography is not reliable, and angio-CT and/or angio-MR are mandatory, in order to correctly evaluate nidus size and associated lesions. Symptomatic AVMs require surgery. Partial thombosed AVMs can be safely resected.
The impact of surgery in high grade gliomas - a literature review
Authors: Baritchii Adriana , Gubian A. , Florian St.I.
Published: September 2015

Malignant gliomas are aggressive brain cancers. After many decades of intensive research they represent a major cause of cancer related mortality and morbidity. Management of malignant gliomas is very difficult. None of the current treatments are curative. High grade gliomas are optimally treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The impact of surgery on progression free survival and overall survival was a constant preoccupation and debate for decades among neurosurgeons. Different studies published in the last 25 years have provided evidence that the extent of resection of high grade gliomas can influence time to progression and median survival, although so far there is no class I prospective randomized trial to fully answer this question. Some of the most important studies are reviewed here. The modern neurosurgery relay on some tools that proved to be very helpful in guiding the surgeon to achieve the maximal tumoral cytoreduction with minimum impact on the brain’s eloquent areas. iMRI has been proved to be safe and became an important tool during tumor surgery, used alone or in conjuction with other important techniques: intraoperative neurophysiology, awake cortical mapping, 5-ALA fluorescence etc. Although so far the prognostic of high grade gliomas is still disappointing, further understanding of the biology of these tumors and a patient-tailored treatment could be the keys of finding a cure in the future.
Pedicle screw fixation for low lumbar burst fracture with grade 4 retrolisthesis without any neurological deficit
Authors: Patil Rahul Pramod , Jaiswal Gaurav , Gupta Tarun Kumar
Published: September 2015

Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Lower lumbar burst fracture with retrolisthesis is a rare presentation of traumatic cause. Management of this type of fracture are controversial and depends on plenty of factors like age of patient, type of injury, neurological deficit, associated comorbit injury. Here we are discussing a rarest case of traumatic burst fracture of L4 vertebrae with grade 4 retrolysthesis of L4 on L5 vertebrae with severe secondary canal stenosis and neurologically intact, which was manage with pedicle screw fixation.
Prevalence and determinants of depression and its association with quality of life in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients
Authors: Sharma Anand , Jain Akhilesh , Sharma Achal , Mittal R.S. , Gupta I.D.
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability. Assessment and treatment of TBI typically focus on physical and cognitive impairments, yet psychological impairments represent significant causes of disability. Depression may be the most common and disabling psychiatric condition in individuals with TBI.

Objective: This cross-sectional study was design to investigate prevalence and risk factors of depression in Traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Material and method: The Group studied consists of 204 patients of mild and moderate TBI between 14-days to one-year post injury. Demographic characteristics of the participants were assessed on a self-designed semi structured performa. Interviews focused on assessment of severity of TBI, depression and quality of life (Qol) using GCS, PHQ-9 and WHOBREF-QOL respectively.

Results: Total 204 patients were included. 42.15% participants were found to have depression. None of the demographic variables were associated with depression except female sex, severity and time since injury. Moderate TBI patient (55.80%) had significantly higher occurrence of depression than the mild cases (44.2%). Patients with lesser duration (time since injury) of TBI had high incidence (50.2%) of depression compare to longer duration of TBI. Depressed patients also had poor Qol than those without depression in all domains except physical health domain. Neuroanatomical localization was also correlated with depression. Cerebral contusions were the most common (44.24%) lesions associated with depression.

Conclusion: Depression is commonly associated, yet under diagnosed clinical entities in head injury and have tremendous impact in overall outcome measures. Every patient of head injury warrants psychiatric evaluation and concomitant treatment if required to ensure the attainment of not only neuroanatomical intact but overall productive and qualitative life vindicating the holistic and multidisciplinary treatment approach.
THE INFLUENCE OF PAROXETINE ON THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF ATOMOXETINE AND ITS MAIN METABOLITE
Authors: Todor Ioana , Popa Adina , Neag Maria , Muntean Dana , Bocsan Corina , Buzoianu Anca , Vlase Laurian , Gheldiu Ana-Maria , Chira Ruxandra , Briciu Corina
Published: September 2015

Background and aims. To evaluate the effects of paroxetine on the pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine and its main metabolite, 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide, after coadministration of atomoxetine and paroxetine in healthy volunteers.Methods. 22 healthy volunteers, extensive metabolizers, took part in this open-label, non-randomized, clinical trial. The study consisted of two periods: Reference, when a single oral dose of 25 mg atomoxetine was administrated to each subject and Test, when 25 mg atomoxetine  and 20 mg paroxetine were coadministered. Between the two periods, the volunteers received an oral daily dose of 20-40 mg paroxetine, for 6 days. Atomoxetine and 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide plasma concentrations were determined within the first 48 hours following drug administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters of both compounds were assessed using a non-compartmental method and the analysis of variance aimed at identifying any statistical significant differences between the pharmacokinetic parameters of atomoxetine and its main metabolite, corresponding to each study period.Results. Paroxetine modified the pharmacokinetic parameters of atomoxetine. Cmax increased from 221.26±94.93 to 372.53±128.28 ng/mL, while AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ also increased from 1151.19±686.52 to 6452.37±3388.76 ng*h/mL, and from 1229.15±751.04 to 7111.74±4195.17 ng*h/mL respectively. The main metabolite pharmacokinetics was also influenced by paroxetine intake, namely Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ decreased from 688.76±270.27 to 131.01±100.43 ng*h/mL, and from 4810.93±845.06 to 2606.04±923.88 and from 4928.55±853.25 to 3029.82 ±941.84 respectively.Conclusions. Multiple-dose paroxetine intake significantly influenced atomoxetine and its active metabolite pharmacokinetics, causing a 5.8-fold increased exposure to atomoxetine and 1.6-fold reduced exposure to 4-hydroxyatomoxetine-O-glucuronide.
MicroRNAs as non-invasive screening biomarkers of colorectal cancer
Authors: Manzat Saplacan Roberta Maria , Mircea Petru Adrian , Balacescu Loredana , Balacescu Ovidiu
Published: September 2015

Colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer-associated deaths in the world. Early detection would be greatly enhanced if accurate and cost-effective diagnostic biomarkers for this disease were accessible. The development of such a blood test will evidently lower the screening costs in regards of colorectal cancer detection. Lately, it has been suggested that microRNA diagnostic biomarkers are feasible new screening methods for colorectal cancer. This review summarizes the diagnostic potential of circulating microRNA biomarkers in relation with colorectal cancer, as well as current methods to detect them.
Late-Season Weed Management to Stop Viable Weed Seed Production
Authors: Hill Erin C. , Renner Karen A. , VanGessel Mark J. , Bellinder Robin R. , Scott Barbara A.
Published: September 2015

Integrated weed management (IWM) for agronomic and vegetable production systems utilizes all available options to effectively manage weeds. Late-season weed control measures are often needed to improve crop harvest and stop additions to the weed seed bank. Eliminating the production of viable weed seeds is one of the key IWM practices. The objective of this research was to determine how termination method and timing influence viable weed seed production of late-season weed infestations. Research was conducted in Delaware, Michigan, and New York over a 2-yr period. The weeds studied included: common lambsquarters, common ragweed, giant foxtail, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf. Three termination methods were imposed: cutting at the plant base (simulating hand hoeing), chopping (simulating mowing), and applying glyphosate. The three termination timings were flowering, immature seeds present, and mature seeds present. Following termination, plants were stored in the field in mesh bags until mid-Fall when seeds were counted and tested for viability. Termination timing influenced viable seed development; however, termination method did not. Common ragweed and giant foxtail produced viable seeds when terminated at the time of flowering. All species produced some viable seed when immature seeds were present at the time of termination. The time of viable seed formation varied based on species and site-year, ranging from plants terminated the day of flowering to 1,337 growing degree d after flowering (base 10, 0 to 57 calendar d). Viable seed production was reduced by 64 to 100% when common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf were terminated with immature seeds present, compared to when plants were terminated with some mature seeds present. Our results suggest that terminating common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and giant foxtail prior to flowering, and velvetleaf and jimsonweed less than 2 and 3 wk after flowering, respectively, greatly reduces weed seed bank inputs.
Preemergence Control of Silvery Threadmoss (Bryum argenteum) Grown from Spores and Bulbils in Axenic Culture
Authors: Post Angela R. , McCall David S. , Askew Shawn D.
Published: September 2015

Silvery threadmoss naturally reproduces through spore and bulbil production, both of which have potential to be controlled prior to establishment. Studies have not evaluated effects of turf protection products on moss protonema or gametophyte growth from spores or bulbils; consequently, most moss is controlled POST on putting greens. Initial studies were performed to determine the optimal growth temperature for spores and bulbils in sterile culture. Protonemata from spores grew optimally at 29.5 C and gametophytes from bulbils grew optimally at 22.5 C. Three subsequent in vitro studies were conducted to evaluate effects of turf protection products on moss development from spores or bulbils in axenic culture at a constant 24 C. Carfentrazone, which effectively controls mature silvery threadmoss gametophytes POST, also reduced green cover of moss protonemata and gametophyte production from spores and bulbils. All combinations with carfentrazone reduced area under the progress curve (AUPC) for green cover of moss for both spores and bulbils by 80% or more by 3 wk after treatment. Sulfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, oxadiazon, saflufenacil, flumioxazin, and pyraflufen-ethyl reduced AUPC of moss equivalent to carfentrazone for both propagule types. The two fosetyl-Al products, phosphite, and mineral oil caused an increase in silvery threadmoss cover between 22 and 113% of the nontreated for spores; however, only methiozolin positively influenced AUPC (90.2%) compared to the nontreated for bulbils. Though silvery threadmoss is typically targeted POST on putting greens, there are products that can provide PRE control, including the industry standard of carfentrazone. These data suggest that differences may occur between turf protection products in their ability to suppress silvery threadmoss establishment from spores or bulbils.
Fishing devices of the river Siang in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Das Biplab Kumar , Singh Ngasepam Romen , Boruah Prasanna , Kar Devashish
Published: September 2015

Fish is one of the best sources of animal protein of the food. Fishing and hunting are the oldest profession of all mankind since man began his search of food. Traditional fishing catching devices which were operated in River Siang, Arunachal Pradesh have been studied with respect to its operation, structure and productivity. The small depicted work highlight 13 different types fish catching devices, which have been classified into 5 different types viz., (i) Encircling Gear (Khewali Jal, Angtha Jal and Ber Jal or Jeng Jal) (ii) Entangling Gear (Langi or Current Jal and Phansi Jal) (iii) Scooping Gear (Sip Jal and Thela Jal) (iv) Hooks and Line fishing (Nal Barshi and Doogabanshi) (v) Traps (Chepa, Dingora, Polo, and Kholaha). The present study was carried out from June 2012 to July 2013 in a 58km stretch of River Siang in East Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh. Some methods can be considered as traditional as well as non-traditional since they are well known in some other states of North-East as well as also in the country with some different kind of variation. Various fishing techniques depend on various behavioral pattern and microhabitat type of fishes.
Phytoplankton diversity of the Gharni Reservoir in Latur district, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Sakhare Vishwas Balasaheb , Chalak Ashvini Dnyandeo
Published: September 2015

The phytoplanktonic samples were collected from the Gharni Reservoir of Latur district of Maharashtra for a period of one year, from June 2013 to May 2014. Totally 18 species of phytoplankton belonging to different taxonomic groups were identified. Among these 7 species belong to Chlorophyceae, 5 species to Cyanophyceae, 3 species to Bacillariophyceae and 3 species to Euglenophyceae. The phytoplankton productivity fluctuated seasonally and the maximum number of 560 units/liter was recorded during month of February and March and minimum number of 95 units/liter during the month of September.
Application of the Concept of Specialization in the Area of Culture Tourism: Case of Suwon Hwaseog Visitors
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Song Hwa-sung , Yun Ja-Yon
Published: September 2015

Koreas' interest in traveling to culture sites has increased, thus, there may be types of tourists who progress from general tourists to specialized cultural tourists. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to document which dimensions of culture specialization exist in Korean tourists. As a methodology, ground theory has been used throughout this paper to explain the experience of culture tourists based on their specialization process. In depth interviews were conducted of eight culture tourists who visited to Suwon Hwaseong castle frequently. Results show that the culture tourists tended to progress over the time period in terms of specialization. In particular, the characteristics of Suwon culture tourists are prominently featured in accumulation of social and physical skill, investment of time and effort, and desires for difference and luxury. Interestingly, compared to American culture tourist, the network within culture tourists is found in Suwon culture tourists.
Analysis on the Structural Relationships between Outdoor Recreation Trackers’ Participation Motivation, Wellness, Satisfaction, and Loyalty: Focusing on Mt. Bukhan National Park Trackers
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Jin-Eui , Kim Jin-OK , Kim Nam-Jo
Published: September 2015

The number of nature-based national park visitors is rapidly increasing in Korea. To meet this demand, Korea National Park Service (KNPS) is managing ecosystem tourism experience program, environment interpretation program, and environment-based healing program to prevent safety accidents and improve satisfaction. Thus, the purpose of this study was to specify the effect of participation motive and wellness of trackers visiting a national park on their decision-making process. Study subjects were totally 400 trackers visiting Mt. Bukhan National Park located in the capital city. As a result of the analysis, while outdoor recreation trackers’ naturalness participation motivation significantly influenced spiritual, physical, and emotional wellness, convenience participation motive influenced only physical wellness. And while relationship participation motivation significantly influenced spiritual wellness and physical wellness, it had no significant effect on emotional wellness. And spiritual, physical, and emotional wellness through outdoor recreation significantly influenced satisfaction with activity destination, and satisfaction according to this effect of wellness also influenced loyalty. These results show that naturalness participation motivation significantly influences wellness, indicating that trackers pursuing healthy life do outdoor recreation activities due to the benefit that nature gives.
Analysis on the Structural Relationships among Career Education Experience, Major Satisfaction, and Vocational Decision Status of Tourism Related Specialized High School Students
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Noh Jeong-Hee , Choi Jin-Young , Jang Ji-Young
Published: September 2015

This study aimed to examine the structural relationships among career education experience, major satisfaction, and vocational decision status of tourism related high school students. Especially, the relationships were analyzed according to career education types(text type, counselling type, experiential learning type) and dimensions of major satisfaction(curriculum satisfaction, perception satisfaction). A total of 677 surveys from Tourism related specialized high school students were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, students’ career education experiences influenced vocational decision status through major satisfaction. Second, the text type and the experiential learning type influenced students’ curriculum satisfaction positively and only the experiential learning type influenced their perception satisfaction. Finally, the total effect of curriculum satisfaction on vocational decision status was the largest, and among the career education types, the total effect of experiential learning type was the largest. Based on the results, implications on ways for promoting tourism related specialized high school students’ vocational decision status were discussed.
A Study on Relative Importance and Priority of Career Development Program for Hotel Employees: Using AHP Method
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Hyung-Ryong , Kwon Ki-Joon , Hwang Seo-Hyun
Published: September 2015

This research figured out the relative importance and the priority of career development program’s core factors which are considered significantly in human resource management. To accomplish an aim of this study, literature review based on former study was followed and core factors of career development program were provided. After the first experts’ survey and the second pairwise comparison survey, a statical package of Expert Choice 2000 was used to analysis the collected data and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) was executed. The result of core factor analysis of the priority order of career development program showed that realistic cooperation(.070) factor was the most important factor of all 41 factors. This research can be referred for managers who are planning for human resource management program development in limited environment.
Preparing School Leaders to Interrupt Racism at Various Levels in Educational Systems
Authors: Boske Christa
Published: September 2015

This narrative inquiry seeks to advance the field of educational leadership preparation by exploring ways to interrupt personal, interpersonal, and institutional racism through the senses-ways in which people perceive their experiences and relation to others. Findings suggest that participants engage in actions aligned with revelations from their reflective process and utilize their positions as a lever to address racism at various levels within educational systems. Participants utilized their transformed storied selves to challenge the disparate impact of power and privilege on educational and social equity within school communities.
Reconciling Leadership Paradigms: Authenticity as Practiced by American Indian School Leaders
Authors: Henderson David , Carjuzaa Jioanna , Ruff William G.
Published: September 2015

This phenomenological study examined the complexity American Indian K-12 school leaders face on reservations in Montana, USA The study described how these leaders have to reconcile their Westernized educational leadership training with their traditional ways of knowing, living, and leading. Three major themes emerged that enabled these leaders to address racism in their schools and create spaces that were more conducive to the practice of culturally responsive pedagogy. The study highlights how leaders reconcile cultural clashes and confront racism by using identity, relationality, and re-normed practices.
I go to teacher conferences, but I do not understand what the teacher is saying” – Reflections on Somali parent’s perception of the Swedish school
Authors: Månsson Niclas
Published: September 2015

This study examines the encounter of Somali parents with their children’s teachers and how these relations “affect” their possibility of supporting their children’s attaining a successful school experience. The study is inspired by and combines the insight and concept of social capital developed by Coleman and Bourdieu. The parents realize that they lack the knowledge and expertise to support their children in their educational endeavor and have neither the material nor ideational support to compensate individual limitations to support their children in the encounter with the Swedish school.