bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “Torment” of Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis among Surgeons
Authors: Sartelli Massimo , Coccolini Federico , Carrieri Angeloantonio , Labricciosa Francesco M. , Cicuttin Enrico , Catena Fausto
Published: November 2021

Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is one of the peri-operative measures for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). Its goal is to counteract the proliferation of bacteria in the surgical site during intervention in order to reduce the risk of SSIs. SAP should be administered for surgical interventions where the benefit expected (prevention of SSIs) is higher compared to the risk (serious side effects, such as acute kidney injury, Clostridioides difficile infection, and the spread of antimicrobial resistance). In prescribing SAP, surgeons should have both the awareness necessary “to handle antibiotics with care”, and the knowledge required to use them appropriately.
Abundance and Dynamic Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Environment Surrounding a Veterinary Antibiotic Manufacturing Site
Authors: Miao Junjie , Yin Zhendong , Yang Yuqin , Liang Yiwen , Xu Xiangdong , Shi Hongmei
Published: November 2021

Background: Antibiotics releasing from the manufacturing sites to the surrounding environment has been identified as a risk factor for the development of antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens. However, the knowledge of the abundance and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) influenced by antibiotic pollution is still limited. Methods: In this work, the contamination by resistance genes of the environmental media including an urban river and soil along the river located near the sewage outlet of a veterinary antibiotic manufacturing site in Shijiazhuang, China, was assessed. The abundance and dynamic distribution of ARGs in different sampling points and during different seasons were analyzed using fluorescent quantitative PCR method (qPCR). Results: A total of 11 resistance genes, one integron and one transposon were detected in water and soils around the pharmaceutical factory, and among which, the sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and β-lactam resistance genes blaSHV were the most abundant genes. The relative abundance of ARGs in both river water and soil samples collected at the downstream of the sewage outlet was higher than that of samples collected at the upstream, non-polluted areas (p < 0.05). The mobile genetic elements (MGEs) integron in river was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the relative abundance of ARGs. Conclusions: The results indicate that the discharge of waste from antibiotic manufacturing site may pose a risk of horizontal transfer of ARGs.
Impact of Operational Factors, Inoculum Origin, and Feedstock Preservation on the Biochemical Methane Potential
Authors: Lallement Audrey , Siaud Aline , Peyrelasse Christine , Kaparaju Prasad , Schraauwers Blandine , Maunas Samuel , Monlau Florian
Published: November 2021

Anaerobic digestion for the valorization of organic wastes into biogas is gaining worldwide interest. Nonetheless, the sizing of the biogas plant units require knowledge of the quantity of feedstock, and their associated methane potentials, estimated widely by Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests. Discrepancies exist among laboratories due to variability of protocols adopted and operational factors used. The aim of this study is to verify the influence of some operational factors (e.g., analysis frequency, trace elements and vitamins solution addition and flushing gas), feedstock conservation and the source of inoculum on BMP. Among the operational parameters tested on cellulose degradation, only the type of gas used for flushing headspace of BMP assays had shown a significant influence on methane yields from cellulose. Methane yields of 344 ± 6 NL CH4 kg−1 VS and 321 ± 10 NL CH4 kg−1 VS obtained from assays flushed with pure N2 and N2/CO2 (60/40 v/v). The origin of inoculum (fed in co-digestion) only significantly affected the methane yields for straw, 253 ± 3 and 333 ± 3 NL CH4 kg−1 VS. Finally, freezing/thawing cycle effect depended of the substrate (tested on biowaste, manure, straw and WWTP sludge) with a possible effect of water content substrate.
Lupus Vasculitis: An Overview
Authors: Leone Patrizia , Prete Marcella , Malerba Eleonora , Bray Antonella , Susca Nicola , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Racanelli Vito
Published: November 2021

Lupus vasculitis (LV) is one of the secondary vasculitides occurring in the setting of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in approximately 50% of patients. It is most commonly associated with small vessels, but medium-sized vessels can also be affected, whereas large vessel involvement is very rare. LV may involve different organ systems and present in a wide variety of clinical manifestations according to the size and site of the vessels involved. LV usually portends a poor prognosis, and a prompt diagnosis is fundamental for a good outcome. The spectrum of involvement ranges from a relatively mild disease affecting small vessels or a single organ to a multiorgan system disease with life-threatening manifestations, such as mesenteric vasculitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, or mononeuritis multiplex. Treatment depends upon the organs involved and the severity of the vasculitis process. In this review, we provide an overview of the different forms of LV, describing their clinical impact and focusing on the available treatment strategies.
Physical Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Polyethylene Glycol-Hydroxyapatite Composites Guide Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Shen Chiung-Chyi , Hsu Shan-hui , Chang Kai-Bo , Yeh Chun-An , Chang Hsiang-Chun , Tang Cheng-Ming , Yang Yi-Chin , Hsieh Hsien-Hsu , Hung Huey-Shan
Published: November 2021

In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) with hydroxyapatite (HA), with the incorporation of physical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), was created and equipped through a surface coating technique in order to form PEG-HA-AuNP nanocomposites. The surface morphology and chemical composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle assessment. The effects of PEG-HA-AuNP nanocomposites on the biocompatibility and biological activity of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, endothelial cells (EC), macrophages (RAW 264.7), and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as the guiding of osteogenic differentiation, were estimated through the use of an in vitro assay. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory, biocompatibility, and endothelialization capacities were further assessed through in vivo evaluation. The PEG-HA-AuNP nanocomposites showed superior biological properties and biocompatibility capacity for cell behavior in both MC3T3-E1 cells and MSCs. These biological events surrounding the cells could be associated with the activation of adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation processes on the PEG-HA-AuNP nanocomposites. Indeed, the induction of the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by PEG-HA-AuNP nanocomposites and enhanced mineralization activity were also evidenced in this study. Moreover, from the in vivo assay, we further found that PEG-HA-AuNP nanocomposites not only facilitate the anti-immune response, as well as reducing CD86 expression, but also facilitate the endothelialization ability, as well as promoting CD31 expression, when implanted into rats subcutaneously for a period of 1 month. The current research illustrates the potential of PEG-HA-AuNP nanocomposites when used in combination with MSCs for the regeneration of bone tissue, with their nanotopography being employed as an applicable surface modification approach for the fabrication of biomaterials.
Intestinal Intervention Strategy Targeting Myeloid Cells to Improve Hepatic Immunity during Hepatocarcinoma Development
Authors: Bouzas Muñoz Adrián , Giménez-Bastida Juan Antonio , Tejedor Aurora García , Haros Claudia Monika , Gómez de Cedrón Marta , Ramírez de Molina Ana , Laparra Llopis José Moisés
Published: November 2021

Innate immunity in the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in hepatocarcinoma (HCC) progression. Plant seeds provide serine-type protease inhibitors (SETIs), which can have a significant influence on liver inflammation and macrophage function. To elucidate the influence of SETIs to counter pro-tumorigenic conditions, at the early stages of HCC development, it was used as an established model of diethylnitrosamine/thioacetamide-injured liver fed with a standard diet (STD) or high-fat diet (42%) (HFD). The administration of SETIs improved survival and ameliorated tumor burden via modulation of monocyte-derived macrophages as key effectors involved in diet-induced HCC development. RT-qPCR analyses of hepatic tissue evidenced a diet-independent downregulatory effect of SETIs on the transcripts of CD36, FASN, ALOX15, and SREBP1c; however, animals fed with an STD showed opposing effects for PPAR and NRLP3 levels. These effects were accompanied by a decreased production of IL-6 and IL-17 but increased that of TNF in animals receiving SETIs. Moreover, only animals fed an HFD displayed increased concentrations of the stem cell factor. Overall, SETIs administration decreased the hepatic contents of lysophosphatydilcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Notably, animals that received SETIs exhibited increased hepatic proportions of CD68+CX3CR1+CD74+ cells and at a higher rate in those animals fed an HFD. Altogether, the data evidence that oral administration of SETIs modulates the tumor microenvironment, improving hepatic innate immune response(s) and favoring a better antitumoral environment. It represents a path forward in developing coadjutant strategies to pharmacological therapies, with either a preventive or therapeutic character, to counter physiopathological conditions at early stages of HCC development.
Disease-Focused Research Using Stem Cells
Authors: Hayashi Yohei , Borisova Evgeniia
Published: November 2021

In this Special Issue of Biomedicines on disease-focused research using stem cells, we cover the latest conceptual and practical advances in stem cell-based therapies and disease modeling [...]
Rapid Screening of Butyl Paraben Additive in Toner Sample by Molecularly Imprinted Photonic Crystal
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Gu Hang , He Jiahua , Cui Anqi , Wu Xiaoyi , Lai Jiaping , Sun Hui
Published: November 2021

In consideration of the endocrine disrupting effects caused by the butyl paraben (BP), a portable visual sensor has been developed based on the photonic crystal and molecular imprinting technology for the rapid screen of BP in toner sample which is a type of aqueous cosmetic to soften the face skin. By integrating the self-reporting and molecular recognition properties, the molecular imprinting photonic crystal (MIPC) sensor can display obvious color changes regularly according to the concentration of BP. Based on the “color guide”, the content of BP in toner sample can be estimated directly with the naked eye. In addition, the Bragg diffraction spectrum of MIPC can red shift linearly with the increase of the concentration of BP in sample solution with correlation coefficient as 0.9968. The quantitative determination of BP can be achieved through the optical fiber spectrometer with detection limit as 0.022 mmol·L−1. With good selectivity, this MIPC film can recognize BPs against the complex sample matrix, showing a standard addition recovery of 107% for the real samples.
A Brown Dwarf Companion to the Nova-like Variable RW Tri
Authors: Dai Zhibin , Qian Shengbang , Medagangoda Indika
Published: November 2021

The orbital period of Nova-like variable RW Tri is expected to experience a long-term evolution due to a stable mass transfer from the red dwarf to the white dwarf. By adding 297 new eclipse timings obtained from our own observations and a cross-identification of many databases, we fully reinvestigated the variations in orbital period of RW Tri, based on a total of 658 data points spanning over 80 years. The new O-C diagram demonstrates a more complicate pattern than a pure sinusoidal modulation shown in the previous O-C analyses. The best fit of the O-C variations is a quadratic-plus-sinusoidal curve with a period of 22.66 (2) years and a typical decrease rate of P˙ = −2d.32(4) × 10−9 yr−1. To explain secular orbital period decrease, the magnetic braking effect is required to cause the orbital angular moment loss in RW Tri with a mass ratio less than unity, while a conserved mass transfer is also enough for RW Tri with a mass ratio larger than unity. No matter what the mass ratio is, a slightly enhanced mass transfer rate, 2.4–5.3 × 10−9 M⊙ yr−1, derived from our O-C diagram, providing an evidence supporting the disk instability model and the standard/revised models of cataclysmic variable evolution, is almost the same as that obtained from the light-curve modeling. This further confirms our observed orbital period decrease and the controversial system parameter, mass transfer rate. Our updated O-C analysis further verifies the claimed cyclical changes of orbital period with a period range of 21–24 years, which is approximately one half of the results in the literature. In accordance with the light-travel time effect, this periodical variation shown in our new O-C diagram indicates a brown dwarf hidden in RW Tri at a coplanar orbit. Note that the large scatter in the data range of 0–3 × 104 cycles requires the high-precision photometry in the longer base line in the future.
Non-Structural Flood Management in European Rural Mountain Areas—Are Scientists Supporting Implementation?
Authors: Conitz Felix , Zingraff-Hamed Aude , Lupp Gerd , Pauleit Stephan
Published: November 2021

Mountain areas are highly exposed to flood risks. The latter are increasing in the context of climate change, urbanization, and land use changes. Non-structural approaches such as nature-based solutions can provide opportunities to reduce the risks of such natural hazards and provide further ecological, social, and economic benefits. However, few non-structural flood mitigation measures are implemented in rural mountain areas so far. The objective of this paper is to investigate if the scientific boundaries limit the implementation of non-structural flood management in rural mountain areas. In the study, we statistically analyzed the knowledge about flood management through a systematic literature review and expert surveys, with a focus on European rural mountain areas. Both methods showed that scientific knowledge is available for decision makers and that nature-based solutions are efficient, cost-effective, multifunctional, and have potential for large-scale implementation.
Autonomic Responses during Labor: Potential Implications for Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Papadopoulos Georgios E. , Evaggelou Theoxaris I. , Moulias Errikos K. , Tsonis Orestis , Zekios Konstantinos C. , Nikas Dimitrios N. , Tzimas Petros , Paschopoulos Minas , Kolettis Theofilos M.
Published: November 2021

Takotsubo syndrome is a serious complication of labor. Although the pathophysiologic role of excessive sympathetic activation is established in this process, concurrent vagal responses have not been adequately described. Moreover, it remains unclear whether autonomic activity depends on the mode of delivery. Here, we explored the hypothesis that the different management of cesarean and vaginal delivery may elicit diverse responses affecting both autonomic arms. For this aim, continuous electrocardiographic recording was performed in 20 women during labor, and non-invasive indices of sympathetic and vagal activity were compared between the two modes of delivery. We report sympathetic prevalence during cesarean delivery, caused by marked vagal withdrawal, whereas autonomic activity was rather stable during vaginal delivery. These differences may be attributed to the effects of anesthesia during cesarean delivery, along with the protective effects of oxytocin administration during vaginal delivery. Our results provide further insights on autonomic responses during labor that may prove useful in the prevention of complications, such as takotsubo syndrome.
Ocean Front Reconstruction Method Based on K-Means Algorithm Iterative Hierarchical Clustering Sound Speed Profile
Authors: Liu Yuyao , Chen Wei , Chen Yu , Chen Wen , Ma Lina , Meng Zhou
Published: November 2021

As one of the most common mesoscale phenomena in the ocean, the ocean front is defined as a narrow transition zone between two water masses with obviously different properties. In this study, we proposed an ocean front reconstruction method based on the K-means algorithm iterative hierarchical clustering sound speed profile (SSP). This method constructed the frontal zone from the perspective of SSP. Meanwhile, considering that acoustic ray tracing is a very sensitive tool for detecting the location of ocean fronts because of the strong dependence of the transmission loss (TL) on SSP structure, this paper verified the feasibility of the method from the perspective of the TL calculation. Compared with other existing methods, this method has the key step of iterative hierarchical clustering according to the accuracy of clustering results. The results of iterative hierarchical clustering of the SSP can reconstruct the ocean front. Using this method, we reconstructed the ocean front in the Gulf Stream-related sea area and obtained the three-dimensional structure of the Gulf Stream front (GSF). The three-dimensional structure was divided into seven layers in the depth range of 0–1000 m. Iterative hierarchical clustering SSP by K-means algorithm provides a new method for judging the frontal zone and reconstructing the geometric model of the ocean front in different depth ranges.
Determinants of the Economic Vulnerability of Businesses to Pandemics and Similar Events
Authors: Tisdell Clement A.
Published: November 2021

After providing a general overview of factors that make businesses economically vulnerable to pandemics (such as COVID-19), this article identifies specific elements that increase the vulnerability of businesses to pandemics. These specifics include the extent to which the demand for their production declines, how easy it is for them to reduce the costs of their production (cost escapability), the importance of disruptions or breaks in the supply chains of inputs utilized by businesses, and their ability to sustain their liquidity. Businesses that rely on personal contacts for sales are especially threatened, for example, those in the hospitality and tourism sector. However, others are also vulnerable for the reasons given. Nevertheless, some businesses do gain as a result of pandemics and similar events. Their economic gain adds to GDP. However, it could be more appropriate to regard their gains as a part of the cost of a pandemic rather than a benefit of it. The effect on the vulnerability of businesses if government policies designed to control pandemics is also considered. The main original contribution of this article is to show how the microeconomic theory of the firm can be adapted to conceptualize the vulnerability of individual businesses to pandemics, particularly COVID-19, while also noting the limitations of this approach.
Application of a New Model Reference Adaptive Control Based on PID Control in CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Gai Hongdong , Li Xuewei , Jiao Fangrui , Cheng Xiang , Yang Xianhai , Zheng Guangming
Published: November 2021

To improve the control performance of the CNC machine tool feed servo system with nonlinear disturbances, a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) based on PID control is proposed. The method is based on the traditional three-loop control, the output signal of the speed loop controller is used as the input signal of the model reference adaptive controller, and the adaptive law is derived on the basis of Lyapunov stability theory. To verify the effectiveness, this paper analyzed the method through simulation and experiment. Results showed that the following error caused by nonlinear friction was significantly reduced when the speed was reversed, and the influence of noise and mechanical resonance was effectively suppressed. The proposed control method in this paper improves the motion-control accuracy and anti-interference ability of the control system.
Android Malware Detection Using Machine Learning with Feature Selection Based on the Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Lee Jaehyeong , Jang Hyuk , Ha Sungmin , Yoon Yourim
Published: November 2021

Since the discovery that machine learning can be used to effectively detect Android malware, many studies on machine learning-based malware detection techniques have been conducted. Several methods based on feature selection, particularly genetic algorithms, have been proposed to increase the performance and reduce costs. However, because they have yet to be compared with other methods and their many features have not been sufficiently verified, such methods have certain limitations. This study investigates whether genetic algorithm-based feature selection helps Android malware detection. We applied nine machine learning algorithms with genetic algorithm-based feature selection for 1104 static features through 5000 benign applications and 2500 malwares included in the Andro-AutoPsy dataset. Comparative experimental results show that the genetic algorithm performed better than the information gain-based method, which is generally used as a feature selection method. Moreover, machine learning using the proposed genetic algorithm-based feature selection has an absolute advantage in terms of time compared to machine learning without feature selection. The results indicate that incorporating genetic algorithms into Android malware detection is a valuable approach. Furthermore, to improve malware detection performance, it is useful to apply genetic algorithm-based feature selection to machine learning.
Evaluating the Performances of Biomarkers over a Restricted Domain of High Sensitivity
Authors: Franco Manuel , Vivo Juana-María
Published: November 2021

The burgeoning advances in high-throughput technologies have posed a great challenge to the identification of novel biomarkers for diagnosing, by contemporary models and methods, through bioinformatics-driven analysis. Diagnostic performance metrics such as the partial area under the ROC (pAUC) indexes exhibit limitations to analysing genomic data. Among other issues, the inability to differentiate between biomarkers whose ROC curves cross each other with the same pAUC value, the inappropriate expression of non-concave ROC curves, and the lack of a convenient interpretation, restrict their use in practice. Here, we have proposed the fitted partial area index (FpAUC), which is computable through an algorithm valid for any ROC curve shape, as an alternative performance summary for the evaluation of highly sensitive biomarkers. The proposed approach is based on fitter upper and lower bounds of the pAUC in a high-sensitivity region. Through variance estimates, simulations, and case studies for diagnosing leukaemia, and ovarian and colon cancers, we have proven the usefulness of the proposed metric in terms of restoring the interpretation and improving diagnostic accuracy. It is robust and feasible even when the ROC curve shows hooks, and solves performance ties between competitive biomarkers.
Serological Responses to Influenza Vaccination during Pregnancy
Authors: Vazquez-Pagan Ana , Schultz-Cherry Stacey
Published: November 2021

Pregnant women, newborns, and infants under six months old are at the highest risk of developing severe and even fatal influenza. This risk is compounded by the inability to vaccinate infants under six months, highlighting the importance of vertically transferred immunity. This review identifies novel insights that have emerged from recent studies using animal models of pregnancy and vaccination. We also discuss the knowledge obtained using existing clinical trials that have evaluated influenza-specific serological responses in pregnant women and how these responses may impact early life immunity. We delineate the mechanisms involved in transferring specific maternal antibodies and discuss the consequences for early life immunity. Most importantly, we highlight the need for continued research using pregnant animal models and the inclusion of pregnant women, a commonly neglected population, when evaluating novel vaccine platforms to better serve and treat communicable diseases.
The Potential Utility of Prebiotics to Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Kang Jea Woo , Zivkovic Angela M.
Published: November 2021

The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a critical modulator of brain function, with the so-called gut-brain axis having multiple links with a variety of neurodegenerative and mental health conditions, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Various approaches for modulating the gut microbiome toward compositional and functional states that are consistent with improved cognitive health outcomes have been documented, including probiotics and prebiotics. While probiotics are live microorganisms that directly confer beneficial health effects, prebiotics are oligosaccharide and polysaccharide structures that can beneficially modulate the gut microbiome by enhancing the growth, survival, and/or function of gut microbes that in turn have beneficial effects on the human host. In this review, we discuss evidence showing the potential link between gut microbiome composition and AD onset or development, provide an overview of prebiotic types and their roles in altering gut microbial composition, discuss the effectiveness of prebiotics in regulating gut microbiome composition and microbially derived metabolites, and discuss the current evidence linking prebiotics with health outcomes related to AD in both animal models and human trials. Though there is a paucity of human clinical trials demonstrating the effectiveness of prebiotics in altering gut microbiome-mediated health outcomes in AD, current evidence highlights the potential of various prebiotic approaches for beneficially altering the gut microbiota or gut physiology by promoting the production of butyrate, indoles, and secondary bile acid profiles that further regulate gut immunity and mucosal homeostasis, which are associated with beneficial effects on the central immune system and brain functionality.
Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures in Mice Treated with Commonly Used Food Preservatives
Authors: Nagpal Ravinder , Indugu Nagaraju , Singh Prashant
Published: November 2021

Diet is one of the most important factors regulating and influencing the composition of our gut microbiome, but the specific effects of commonly used antimicrobial agents i.e., food preservatives present within foods, are not completely understood. In this study, we examined the effect of the three widely used food-grade preservatives i.e., benzoic acid, potassium sorbate, and sodium nitrite, in recommended levels, on the gut microbiota diversity and composition in a mouse model. The analysis of β-diversity reveals distinct signatures of the gut microbiota between mice consuming different preservatives. Further analyses of α-diversity indices also show that the three preservatives induce specific patterns of microbial diversity, with diversity being lowest in mice consuming potassium sorbate. In terms of bacterial abundance, each of the three preservatives demonstrated unique microbial signatures, mainly affecting the proportions of bacterial taxa belonging to Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria. Specifically, we find the increased proportion of Bacteroides, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Oscillospira, and Dorea in mice fed with benzoate; increased abundance of Firmicutes, Turicibacter, and Alkaliphilus by sodium nitrate; and increased proportion of Parabacteroides and Adlercreutzia by potassium sorbate. The findings improve our understanding of how food-grade preservatives may influence the gut microbiota composition and diversity and should facilitate prospective studies investigating diet-microbiome interactions in relation to intestinal and metabolic health.
Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae in Ticks (Rhipicephalus bursa) Collected by Sheep and Goats in Sicily (South-Italy), Endemic Area for Contagious Agalactia
Authors: Galluzzo Paola , Migliore Sergio , Puleio Roberto , Galuppo Lucia , La Russa Francesco , Blanda Valeria , Tumino Serena , Torina Alessandra , Ridley Anne , Loria Guido R.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the presence of Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) or other Contagious Agalactia (CA) causative organisms, in hard ticks infesting milking sheep and goats in endemic areas for CA in Sicily (South-Italy). Although there is accumulating evidence to support the role of ticks in the transmission of blood-borne haemoplasmas, information regarding their role in the transmission of CA, remains scarce. Ticks (n = 152) were collected from 25 lactating sheep and goats from three farms with previous outbreaks of CA. Microbiological and biomolecular, as well as serological analysis were performed on milk, tick, and serum samples, respectively. Rhipicephalus bursa species predominated, comprising 84.8% of the sampled ticks. Mycoplasma-like colonies were isolated from 5/56 (8.9%) tick pools and were identified as Ma by specific PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Unexpectedly, the organism was isolated from R. bursa ticks recovered only from animals whose milk tested negative for the pathogen. This preliminary demonstration suggests the potential role for ticks to act as a reservoir for the organisms, with potential involvement in the spread and maintenance of CA. Further work is required to determine the location of the organisms within the body of the ticks and to assess transmission potential.
ESG-Washing in the Mutual Funds Industry? From Information Asymmetry to Regulation
Authors: Candelon Bertrand , Hasse Jean-Baptiste , Lajaunie Quentin
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we study the asymmetric information between asset managers and investors in the socially responsible investment (SRI) market. Specifically, we investigate the lack of transparency of the extra-financial information communicated by asset managers. Using a unique international panel dataset of approximately 1500 equity mutual funds, we provide empirical evidence that some asset managers portray themselves as socially responsible yet do not make tangible investment decisions. Furthermore, our results indicate that the financial performance of mutual funds is not related to asset managers’ signals but should be evaluated relatively using extra-financial ratings. In summary, our findings advocate for a unified regulation framework that constrains asset managers’ communication.
Implementation of an Accounting Information System Using a Website to Support the Performance of the Palasari Village Government, Ujung Jaya District, Sumedang Regency
Authors: Firdaus Dony Waluya
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this Community Service in Palasari Village, Ujung Jaya District, Sumedang Regency is the implementation of a web-based accounting information system. The assistance of the Palasari village community uses two schemes in the implementation of the accounting information system, namely the first scheme for general WEB introduction and the second scheme for WEB maintenance. The methodology uses a descriptive approach, surveys, interviews, and implementation of a web-based accounting information system using a content management system. The assistance of the Palasari village community in the implementation of a web-based accounting information system was carried out by video conferencing using zoom media. Based on the results of the questionnaire, community service was considered quite good and village officials needed continuous training.
Determinan kelelahan kerja pada industri pembuatan mebel di Kota Medan
Authors: Sibagariang Eva Ellya , Sihotang Widya Yanti , Hartono Hartono , Soleh Ardian , Zulfahmi Zulfahmi
Published: November 2021

Kelelahan kerja pada tenaga manusia dapat menurunkan produktivitas kinerja dan menambah kesalahan kerja pada saat melakukan pekerjaan. Hasil riset pada beberapa negara maju menunjukkan bahwa ada sekitar 10-50% pekerja yang mengalami kelelahan kerja. Sebanyak 20% dari penderita memerlukan pertolongan pertamaun untuk ditangani pada pelayanan kesehatan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelelahan kerja pada pekerja industri rumahan pembuatan mebel. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian desain cross-sectional. Populasi pada penelitian yaitu semua pekerja yang bekerja di industri rumahan pembuatan kusen dan pintu di Kelurahan Sei Kera Kota Medan. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampel yaitu sebanyak 33 orang. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masa kerja dan beban kerja berhubungan dengan kelelahan kerja pada pekerja industri rumahan pembuatan mebel di Kelurahan Sei Kera Kota Medan. Hasil studi juga menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara umur pekerja, lingkungan kerja, dan riwayat penyakit pekerja dengan kelelahan kerja. Disarankan kepada pengusaha untuk lebih memperhatikan beban kerja karyawan untuk meminimalisir resiko kecelakaan kerja.
Энтропийные методы моделирования самоорганизующихся систем по данным гиперспектрального зондирования
Authors: Артюшенко Михаил Виталиевич , Хижняк Анна Василівна
Published: November 2021

Для исследования сложных самоорганизующихся систем создаются различные математические модели. В геосистемах детерминированный характер действий обусловлен их стохастическими качествами. В рассматриваемых системах регулярные детерминированные процессы формируются многочисленными случайными межэлементными взаимодействиями, происходящими на микроуровне. Во многих случаях корректно вывести детерминированный закон эволюции исследуемой системы или ее части невозможно в связи с большим количеством непредсказуемых и неизвестных факторов, влияющих на нее. Однако на микроуровне доступны для наблюдения статистические распределения элементов системы, что позволяет прогнозировать ее поведение и оценивать факторы, действующие на систему. Наиболее универсальные методы моделирования систем со стохастическими свойствами основаны на фундаментальных понятиях статистической механики - информационных энтропиях Гиббса-Шеннона и Реньи. В статье исследуются энтропийные методы вычислений количественных оценок состояния пространственно-распределенных геосистем и их дивергенции в процессе самоорганизации: -расхождений, расхождений одуванчика, вариабельности спектра размерностей Реньи. Рассмотрены особенности исследования систем с мультифрактальными структурами по данным гиперспектральных измерений. На примерах иллюстрируется применение энтропийных моделей в многочисленных экспериментах с реальными данными, полученными из месторождения природного газа. Основываясь на данных гиперспектральных излучений гомогенного растительного покрова, производится верификация применения энтропийных методов для определения границ углеводородов.
Comparative Analysis of the Application of Multilayer and Convolutional Neural Networks for Recognition of Handwritten Letters of the Azerbaijani Alphabet
Authors: Mustafayev Elshan , Azimov Rustam
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The implementation of information technologies in various spheres of public life dictates the creation of efficient and productive systems for entering information into computer systems. In such systems it is important to build an effective recognition module. At the moment, the most effective method for solving this problem is the use of artificial multilayer neural and convolutional networks.
The purpose of the paper. This paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of the recognition results of handwritten characters of the Azerbaijani alphabet using neural and convolutional neural networks.
Results. The analysis of the dependence of the recognition results on the following parameters is carried out: the architecture of neural networks, the size of the training base, the choice of the subsampling algorithm, the use of the feature extraction algorithm. To increase the training sample, the image augmentation technique was used. Based on the real base of 14000 characters, the bases of 28000, 42000 and 72000 characters were formed. The description of the feature extraction algorithm is given.
Conclusions. Analysis of recognition results on the test sample showed:
as expected, convolutional neural networks showed higher results than multilayer neural networks;
the classical convolutional network LeNet-5 showed the highest results among all types of neural networks. However, the multi-layer 3-layer network, which was input by the feature extraction results; showed rather high results comparable with convolutional networks;
there is no definite advantage in the choice of the method in the subsampling layer. The choice of the subsampling method (max-pooling or average-pooling) for a particular model can be selected experimentally;
increasing the training database for this task did not give a tangible improvement in recognition results for convolutional networks and networks with preliminary feature extraction. However, for networks learning without feature extraction, an increase in the size of the database led to a noticeable improvement in performance. Keywords: neural networks, feature extraction, OCR.
Negative impact of lockdown for Researchers
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mohamed Sathak A J College of Engineering, Chennai, C Daniel , M.B Shanmuharajan ,   Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Mohamed Sathak A J College of Engineering, Chennai, J Joel Shelton ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, RGM College of Engineering and Technology, Kurnool., E Arunraj ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, S Vincent Sam Jebadurai ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore
Published: November 2021

In present study, negative impact of lockdown for researchers has been investigated. In addition, how the impact can be eliminated from researcher’s career. Some of the key factors for negative impact is doctoral committee (DC) meeting, fear in research, research admissions, research materials and research meetings were discussed. The study discussed the researcher to mitigate the negative impact of lookdown positively.
BLOOD GROUP RELATIONSHIP WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Authors: Ginting Samuel , . Pitriani , Simarmata Juni Mariati , Harahap Chaidir Saputra
Published: November 2021

Coronary heart disease is a heart disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries, starting from the occurrence of atherosclerosis (arterial stiffness) or the accumulation of fat or plaque (plague) on the walls of the coronary arteries, either accompanied by clinical symptoms or without symptoms.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is widely reported in developed countries. The incidence of CHD in European men was recorded by WHO in 1976 as 2-14 per 1000 population and CHD is mostly found in Finland. In developing countries, the prevalence of CHD is generally rare. In South Africa in 1970 the death rate from CHD was 0.05 per 1000 black population and 1.9 per 1000 white population. In Ujung Pandang, the average treatment for CHD is 0.3 per 1000 patients. The type of research used is a quantitative study with a descriptive correlation research design, which is a study or study that describes the relationship between two variables in a situation or group of subjects. This is done to see the relationship between one variable with another variable. This study aims to see the relationship between blood type and the incidence of coronary heart disease in the CVCU room at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2010. The population of this study was 11 people using incidental sampling. From the statistical test using the Chi-Square test analysis, it was found that p (value) = 0.012 where p (value) < 0.05. So the results of these tests found a very close and real relationship between the relationship between blood type and the incidence of coronary heart disease. The results of this study can be used as information and increase knowledge for nursing services in hospitals about the relationship between blood type and the incidence of coronary heart disease.
PIJAT REFLEKSI TENGKUK TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI RUMAH SAKIT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM
Authors: Sitepu Abdi Lestari , Simarmata Pratiwi Christa , Sitepu Sari Desi Esta Ulina , Sarma Amelia , Simanjuntak Elfrida
Published: November 2021

Hypertension is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure above the normal limit of more than 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mmHg, factors that cause increased blood pressure are physical activity, emotion, age, gender , nutritional status, drinking alcohol, smoking, stress. Data from the Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital in 2018 the number of hypertension patients there were 178 cases of hypertension, the number of men was 82 people and women 96 people. One of the non-pharmacological therapies offered to reduce hypertension is massage therapy. The massage technique can remove blockages in the blood vessels so that blood and energy flow in the body returns smoothly. This research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with the type of design to be used, namely the static group comparison method, the sampling technique used was non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique, where the sample of this study was 20 people. The results showed that the pre-test sample in the treatment group was known to have the highest value of 160/100 mmHg and the lowest value of 130/90 and post-test mmHg with an average pre-test blood pressure value of 142.00 on systolic and 93.00 on diastolic, and 110.00 post-test. in systole and 79.00 in diastole. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between  reflexology neck massage with a decrease in blood pressure in patients with hypertension where the Wilcoxon Test results obtained p = 0.004 (systolic blood pressure) and p = 0.005 (diastolic blood pressure).
A Study on Fundus changes in Pregnancy-induced hypertension: A Four-year Observation
Authors: Pandu Rangaiah Elluru , Gangisetty Madhavi Latha , K Sandhya , A Latha , Syed Meena
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% in all pregnant and together form the deadly triad and hemorrhage and heart disease that contribute greatly to maternal morbidity or mortality. This study aims to identify retinal changes in pregnancy-induced hypertension and analyze the association between retinal changes and hypertension severity.

Method: A total of 100 pregnant admitted with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) were included. Patients with pre-existing hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and renal diseases were excluded from the study. The vision, anterior segment, and Fundus were examined.

Result: Higher number of PIH were recorded in the 21-30 years age group. Fifty-four pregnant women suffered from mild preeclampsia, 40 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia, and six pregnant women with eclampsia with seizures. 41% of pregnant had normal fundus, and 24% of pregnant had hypertensive retinopathy. Whereas grade 2,3, and 4 retinopathy was observed in 22%, 6%, and 2% of pregnant women. Two percent of pregnants had macular edema, and 3% had central serous retinopathy. No association was observed between the fundus findings with age/gravida. Whereas a significant positive correlation was observed between the fundus findings and hypertension severity (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Overall, 54% of pregnants were recorded with hypertensive retinopathy. A positive correlation was observed between fundus changes with the hypertension severity. This study reports the importance of routine fundus examination in pregnant with hypertension. Retinal change during pregnancy is an important indicator to decide the pregnancy termination or any other opt.
Re-Conceptualizing the Role of Tutors in Research Based Pedagogy: The Tutor(s) as the Curriculum
Authors:   National Technical University of Athens, Olga Ioannou
Published: November 2021

The paper presents readers with an effort to explore and to better understand the educators’ task in conditions of uncertainty and highcomplexity on the occasion of a postgraduate urban design studio redesign. The case study examined here illustrates how rethinking the studio’s content, objectives and layout gradually led to the re-conceptualization of the tutors’ own involvement in the learning process.Course curriculum was devised as an open and evolving network of the tutors’ own resources and design research practices and thoseemployed by their affili ted researchers from within or outside the setting of the academy. All were chosen for their value in reading or managing urban phenomena. The mosaic consisted of different individual research and design practices that are problem-focused and context-specific communicated directly to students by the very people responsible for their conception and development. Learners were required to investigate the instrumentality of these practices according to their own personal pursuits; to make their own networks of connections, and were even encouraged to create their own personal schemata of design research.The second major shift of the rethink lay in recognizing learner autonomy and diversity, thus establishing a new operational frameworkfor the two to prosper. An amalgam of interconnected learning spaces provided the conditions necessary for all these networks to co-exist and interact. The paper describes the different aspects of the tutors’ involvement and contributions in the design and implementation of this model, as they assumed a number of roles, but most importantly, as they became learners themselves. It also brings about the critical role of the tutors’ hunch in both designing and managing a design studio’s learning experience.
The Power of Process
Authors:   Oklahoma State University, Richardson Nathan
Published: November 2021

Ironies abound in our academic architectural design studios. They are insightful ironies if we confront them. We often do not, preferring to focus our attention on the architectural magazine, gallery exhibition, and prize-winning portfolio. These venues are necessary for promoting work, but such an argument isn’t useful or insightful. It is more important to look beyond the glossy spread and backlit GIF to our actual methods of production. It is here, in the reflective consideration of design process, that the insightful ironies hold deeper potential to shape our work and impact the world around us.