bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of a conserved B-cell epitope on the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 4
Authors: Fang Zheng , Sun Mingxia , Cai Xuehui , An Tongqing , Tu Yabin , Wang Haiwei
Published: June 2024

Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4), a recently identified circovirus, is prevalent in numerous provinces in China, as well as in South Korea, Thailand, and Europe. PCV4 virus rescued from an infectious clone showed pathogenicity, suggesting the economic impact of PCV4. However, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the immunogenicity and epitopes of PCV4. This study generated a monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1D8 by immunizing mice with PCV4 virus-like particles (VLPs). Subsequently, the epitope recognized by the MAb 1D8 was identified by truncated protein expression and alanine scanning mutagenesis analysis. Results showed that the
225
PKQG
228
located at the C-terminus of the PCV4 Cap protein is the minimal motif binding to the MAb. Homology modeling analysis and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the epitope extends beyond the outer surface of the PCV4 VLP. Moreover, the epitope is highly conserved among PCV4 strains and does not react with other PCVs. Together, the MAb 1D8 recognized epitope shows potential for detecting PCV4. These findings significantly contribute to the design of antigens for PCV4 detection and control strategies.

IMPORTANCE

Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is a novel circovirus. Although PCV4 has been identified in several countries, including China, Korea, Thailand, and Spain, no vaccine is available. Given the potential pathogenic effects of PCV4 on pigs, PCV4 could threaten the global pig farming industry, highlighting the urgency for further investigation. Thus, epitopes of PCV4 remain to be determined. Our finding of a conserved epitope significantly advances vaccine development and pathogen detection.
Lactobacillus acidophilus
protects against
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
infection by regulating the autophagy of macrophages and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Li Dengliang , Jiang Yuecai , Cui Zhanding , Ma Mengzhen , Zhu Fang , Li Guanhua , Yang Haoyue , Li Shaofei , Zhang Tianliang , Chen Dekun , Ma Wentao
Published: June 2024

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
(
C. p
), a facultative intracellular bacterium, is an important zoonotic pathogen that causes abscesses and pyogenic granulomas. The relationship between gut microbiota and host health or diseases has received increasing attention. However, the role of gut microbiota in the process of
C. p
infection is still unclear. In this study, we established a
C. p
infection model in C57BL/6 mice and examined the impact of preemptive oral administration
Lactobacillus acidophilus
(
L. acidophilus
) on infection. Our findings revealed that
C. p
infection led to pronounced pathological alterations in the liver and kidneys, characterized by abscess formation, intense inflammatory responses, and bacterial overload. Remarkably, these deleterious effects were greatly relieved by oral administration of
L. acidophilus
before infection with
C. p
. Additionally, we further found that during
C. p
infection, peritoneal macrophages (PMs) of mice orally administered with
L. acidophilus
accumulated more rapidly at sites of infection. Furthermore, our results showed that PMs from mice with oral
L. acidophilus
administration showed a stronger
C. p
clearance effect, and this was mediated by high expression of LC3-II protein. Meanwhile, oral administration of
L. acidophilus
protected the gut microbiota disorder in C57BL/6 mice caused by
C. p
infection. In summary, our study demonstrates that oral administration of
L. acidophilus
confers effective protection against
C. p
infection in C57BL/6 mice by modulating macrophage autophagy, thereby augmenting bacterial clearance and preserving gut microbiota and function stability. These findings position
L. acidophilus
as a viable probiotic candidate for the clinical prevention of
C. p
infection.

IMPORTANCE

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
(C.
p
) is known to induce a range of chronic diseases in both animals and humans. Currently, clinical treatment for C.
p
infection mainly relies on antibiotic therapy or surgical intervention. However, excessive use of antibiotics may increase the risk of drug-resistant strains, and the effectiveness of treatment remains unsatisfactory. Furthermore, surgical procedures do not completely eradicate pathogens and can easily cause environmental pollution. Probiotic interventions are receiving increasing attention for improving the body’s immune system and maintaining health. In this study, we established a C.
p
infection model in C57BL/6 mice to explore the impact of
Lactobacillus
acidophilus during C.
p
infection. Our results showed that
L. acidophilus
effectively protected against C.
p
infection by regulating the autophagy of macrophages and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis. This study may provide a new strategy for the prevention of C.
p
infection.
Supplemental Material: The Cambrian collision of the Yangtze Block with Gondwana: Evidence from provenance analyses
Authors: Han Yuyue , Ran Bo , et al.
Published: June 2024

Two essays (Text S1 and S2), eight figures (Figs. S1–S8), and two tables 7 (Tables S1 and S2).
Endoscopically managed giant frontoethmoidal osteoma with orbital extension
Authors: Dewantoro Dickson , Cooper Fergus , Ram Bhaskar , Vallamkondu Vamsidhar
Published: June 2024

A patient in his 20s presented with a change in the appearance of his left eye with evidence of relative afferent pupillary defect. Imaging revealed a giant frontoethmoidal osteoma, a benign sinonasal tumour, invading three-quarters of the orbit. Multidisciplinary discussion involving opthalmology, maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery and otolaryngology resulted in the decision to attempt entirely endoscopic excision of this lesion, which was performed with successful outcomes. This case demonstrates how a sinonasal osteoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis for a patient presenting with proptosis or other eye signs suggestive of compression of the orbital compartment. This case report and literature review highlights the possibility of managing giant sinonasal osteomas with orbital extension through a completely endoscopic approach.
Caesarean section for a primipara with Guillain-Barré syndrome under combined spinal epidural anaesthesia
Authors: Okahara Shoko , Bowe Ross , Wong Patricia , Johnson Mark
Published: June 2024

A primigravida in mid 30s presented to hospital at 30+2 weeks gestation, due to progressive neurological symptoms including ascending limb weakness and paraesthesia bilaterally as well as dysphagia, facial weakness and dysphasia.

The patient was diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome after physical examination and electromyography, which showed a patchy demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The patient underwent a 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin, beginning the day after admission. Markers of severity including forced vital capacity improved thereafter until delivery.

With limited evidence favouring one particular anaesthetic technique in parturients with Guillain-Barré syndrome, combined spinal epidural anaesthesia was preferred over general anaesthesia in order to avoid the potential for prolonged intubation postoperatively and to allow careful titration of neuraxial blockade. Delivery by caesarean section at 34+1 weeks due to pre-eclampsia was uncomplicated. Thereafter the patient’s condition deteriorated, requiring a further 5-day course of intravenous immunoglobulin with symptoms gradually improving over a 6-month admission.
Hepatopulmonary fusion in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: successful management of a lethal variant
Authors: Menon Revathy , Saxena Rahul , Pathak Manish , Yadav Taruna
Published: June 2024

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital anomaly involving the herniation of intra-abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. Hepatopulmonary fusion (HPF), an exceedingly rare subtype mainly associated with right-sided CDH, presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case report describes a male infant with right-sided CDH complicated by HPF. The intricate anatomical anomaly involved the fusion of the right lung to the liver, posing challenges during surgical separation. The patient experienced postoperative complications, including prolonged ventilation, tracheostomy and pulmonary issues, which led to a prolonged hospital stay. Intraoperative challenges stem from the absence of demarcation between lung and liver tissues and abnormal vascular structures. In summary, managing HPF in right-sided CDH necessitates a customised, multidisciplinary approach to optimise patient outcomes, highlighting the need for ongoing research to refine understanding and treatment strategies.
Impella versus VA-ECMO for the treatment of patients with cardiogenic shock: the Impella Network Project – observational study protocol for cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses
Authors: Ardito Vittoria , Rognoni Carla , Pieri Marina , Barbone Alessandro , Briguori Carlo , Cigala Emanuele , Gerosa Gino , Iannaccone Mario , Loforte Antonio , Marini Marco , Montalto Andrea , Oreglia Jacopo , Pacini Davide , Pennacchi Mauro , Pestrichella Vincenzo , Porto Italo , Stefano Pierluigi , Tarantini Giuseppe , Valente Serafina , Vandoni Pietro , Tarricone Rosanna , Scandroglio Anna Mara
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The treatment of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS) encompasses several health technologies including Impella pumps and venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). However, while they are widely used in clinical practice, information on resource use and quality of life (QoL) associated with these devices is scarce. The aim of this study is, therefore, to collect and comparatively assess clinical and socioeconomic data of Impella versus VA-ECMO for the treatment of patients with severe CS, to ultimately conduct both a cost-effectiveness (CEA) and budget impact (BIA) analyses.

Methods and analysis

This is a prospective plus retrospective, multicentre study conducted under the scientific coordination of the Center for Research on Health and Social Care Management of SDA Bocconi School of Management and clinical coordination of Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan. The Impella Network stemmed for the purposes of this study and comprises 17 Italian clinical centres from Northern to Southern Regions in Italy. The Italian network qualifies as a subgroup of the international Impella Cardiac Surgery Registry. Patients with CS treated with Impella pumps (CP, 5.0 or 5.5) will be prospectively recruited, and information on clinical outcomes, resource use and QoL collected. Economic data will be retrospectively matched with data from comparable patients treated with VA-ECMO. Both CEA and BIA will be conducted adopting the societal perspective in Italy. This study will contribute to generate new socioeconomic evidence to inform future coverage decisions.

Ethics and dissemination

As of May 2024, most of the clinical centres submitted the documentation to their ethical committee (N=13; 76%), six centres received ethical approval and two centres started to enrol patients. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed publications and disseminated through conference presentations.
Study protocol on the efficacy of exergames-acceptance and commitment therapy program for the treatment of major depressive disorder: comparison with acceptance and commitment therapy alone and treatment-as-usual in a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Bingyu , Deng Hongdu , Ren Jinli , Legrand Fabien D , Ahmad Yusof Hazwani , Zhang Ruiling , Leong Bin Abdullah Mohammad Farris Iman
Published: June 2024

Background

The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is on the rise globally, and the use of antidepressant medications for its treatment does not usually result in full remission. However, the combination of physical exercise and psychotherapy for the treatment of MDD increase the rate of full remission among patients. This three-armed, parallel-group, double-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to assess and compare the effects between the combination of exergame and acceptance and commitment therapy (e-ACT) programme, ACT only and treatment-as-usual (TAU) control groups on the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms, the degree of experiential avoidance and quality of life (QoL) and the serum levels of depression biomarkers (such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, C-reactive protein and vascular endothelial growth factor) among patients with MDD across three time points.

Methods and analysis

This RCT will recruit 126 patients with MDD who will be randomised using stratified permuted block randomisation into three groups, which are the combined e-ACT programme, ACT-only and TAU control groups in a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The participants in the e-ACT and ACT-only intervention groups will undergo once a week intervention sessions for 8 weeks. Assessments will be carried out through three time points, such as the pre-intervention assessment (t0), assessment immediately after completion of the intervention at 8 weeks (t1) and assessment at 24 weeks after completion of the intervention (t2). During each assessment, the primary outcome to be assessed includes the severity of depression symptoms, while the secondary outcomes to be assessed are the severity of anxiety symptoms, experiential avoidance, QoL and depression biomarkers.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval of this study was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM/JEPeM/PP/23050420). The findings of the study will be published in academic peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

NCT05812001(ClinicalTrials.gov). Registered on 12 April 2023.
Norepinephrine weaning guided by the Hypotension Prediction Index in vasoplegic shock after cardiac surgery: protocol for a single-centre, open-label randomised controlled trial – the NORAHPI study
Authors: Beyls Christophe , Lefebvre Thomas , Mollet Nicolas , Boussault Annabelle , Meynier Jonathan , Abou-Arab Osama , Mahjoub Yazine
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Norepinephrine (NE) is the first-line recommended vasopressor for restoring mean arterial pressure (MAP) in vasoplegic syndrome (vs) following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. However, solely focusing on target MAP values can lead to acute hypotension episodes during NE weaning. The Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) is a machine learning algorithm embedded in the Acumen IQ device, capable of detecting hypotensive episodes before their clinical manifestation. This study evaluates the clinical benefits of an NE weaning strategy guided by the HPI.

Material and analysis

The Norahpi trial is a prospective, open-label, single-centre study that randomises 142 patients. Inclusion criteria encompass adult patients scheduled for on-pump cardiac surgery with postsurgical NE administration for vs patient randomisation occurs once they achieve haemodynamic stability (MAP>65 mm Hg) for at least 4 hours on NE. Patients will be allocated to the intervention group (n=71) or the control group (n=71). In the intervention group, the NE weaning protocol is based on MAP>65 mmHg and HPI<80 and solely on MAP>65 mm Hg in the control group. Successful NE weaning is defined as achieving NE weaning within 72 hours of inclusion. An intention-to-treat analysis will be performed. The primary endpoint will compare the duration of NE administration between the two groups. The secondary endpoints will include the prevalence, frequency and time of arterial hypotensive events monitored by the Acumen IQ device. Additionally, we will assess cumulative diuresis, the total dose of NE, and the number of protocol weaning failures. We also aim to evaluate the occurrence of postoperative complications, the length of stay and all-cause mortality at 30 days.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been secured from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University Hospital of Amiens (IRB-ID:2023-A01058-37). The findings will be shared through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences.

Trial registration number

NCT05922982.
Expanding the genetic and clinical spectrum of Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome in a series of 24 French patients
Authors: Thomas Hortense , Alix Tom , Renard Émeline , Renaud Mathilde , Wourms Justine , Zuily Stéphane , Leheup Bruno , Geneviève David , Dreumont Natacha , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Bronner Myriam , Muller Marc , Divoux Marion , Wandzel Marion , Ravel Jean-Marie , Dexheimer Mylène , Becker Aurélie , Roth Virginie , Willems Marjolaine , Coubes Christine , Vieville Gaëlle , Devillard Françoise , Schaefer Élise , Baer Sarah , Piton Amélie , Gérard Bénédicte , Vincent Marie , Nizon Mathilde , Cogné Benjamin , Ruaud Lyse , Couque Nathalie , Putoux Audrey , Edery Patrick , Lesca Gaëtan , Chatron Nicolas , Till Marianne , Faivre Laurence , Tran-Mau-Them Frédéric , Alessandri Jean-Luc , Lebrun Marine , Quélin Chloé , Odent Sylvie , Dubourg Christèle , David Véronique , Faoucher Marie , Mignot Cyril , Keren Boris , Pisan Élise , Afenjar Alexandra , Julia Sophie , Bieth Éric , Banneau Guillaume , Goldenberg Alice , Husson Thomas , Campion Dominique , Lecoquierre François , Nicolas Gaël , Charbonnier Camille , De Saint Martin Anne , Naudion Sophie , Degoutin Manon , Rondeau Sophie , Michot Caroline , Cormier-Daire Valérie , Oussalah Abderrahim , Pourié Carine , Lambert Laëtitia , Bonnet Céline
Published: June 2024

Background

Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome (TBRS; OMIM 615879), also known as DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A)-overgrowth syndrome (DOS), was first described by Tatton-Brown in 2014. This syndrome is characterised by overgrowth, intellectual disability and distinctive facial features and is the consequence of germline loss-of-function variants inDNMT3A, which encodes a DNA methyltransferase involved in epigenetic regulation. Somatic variants ofDNMT3Aare frequently observed in haematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). To date, 100 individuals with TBRS with de novo germline variants have been described. We aimed to further characterise this disorder clinically and at the molecular level in a nationwide series of 24 French patients and to investigate the correlation between the severity of intellectual disability and the type of variant.

Methods

We collected genetic and medical information from 24 individuals with TBRS using a questionnaire released through the French National AnDDI-Rares Network.

Results

Here, we describe the first nationwide French cohort of 24 individuals with germline likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants inDNMT3A, including 17 novel variants. We confirmed that the main phenotypic features were intellectual disability (100% of individuals), distinctive facial features (96%) and overgrowth (87%). We highlighted novel clinical features, such as hypertrichosis, and further described the neurological features and EEG results.

Conclusion

This study of a nationwide cohort of individuals with TBRS confirms previously published data and provides additional information and clarifies clinical features to facilitate diagnosis and improve care. This study adds value to the growing body of knowledge on TBRS and broadens its clinical and molecular spectrum.
Thrombectomy versus combined thrombolysis for acute basilar artery occlusion: a secondary analysis of the ATTENTION trial
Authors: Han Bin , ‐ Raynald , Wu Yaxin , Feng Ganghua , Liu Xuehan , Zhang Peng , Lu Pengyu , Liu Yi , Hu Wei , Sun Yaxuan
Published: June 2024

Background

Few studies have compared the outcomes of bridging intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT) with those of direct MT in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of direct endovascular treatment (EVT) and bridging IVT followed by EVT in Chinese patients with acute basilar artery occlusion BAO.

Methods

This subanalysis derived from the prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial of the ATTENTION study, included 221 patients with acute BAO categorized into two groups based on whether they received bridging IVT before MT: MT alone or combined IVT+MT. The primary endpoint was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score distribution at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included mRS scores within different ranges (0–1, 0–2, and 0–3) at the 90-day point and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 24 hours and 3 days post-intervention. Safety outcomes encompassed intracranial hemorrhage incidence based on the Heidelberg classification criteria (any intracerebral hemorrhage) and mortality assessment at 90 days.

Results

Direct and bridging IVT before EVT yielded similar primary outcomes. No significant difference in 90-day mRS scores (median, 4.5 vs 4; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.95 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.79 to 1.15]; p=0.624) was observed between the two groups. Regarding safety outcomes, no significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of death within 90 days or any intracranial hemorrhage within 24 hours.

Conclusions

In patients with acute BAO, those treated with bridging IVT before EVT did not demonstrate any advantages in enhanced safety and efficacy outcomes compared with those treated with direct EVT.
Safety of acute internal carotid artery stenting during endovascular thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective analysis of the OPTIMISE registry
Authors: Mendes George Nilton , Jacquin Grégory , Katsanos Aristeidis H , Singh Nishita , Stotts Grant , Ferguson Darren B , Yip Samuel , Poppe Alexandre Y
Published: June 2024

Background

The optimal management of tandem carotid lesions during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) remains uncertain. The safety and efficacy of acute carotid artery stenting (aCAS) are debated, including safety concerns such as procedural complications and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). We aimed to assess aCAS safety among EVT-treated patients using a large Canadian registry.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the OPTIMISE registry and compared adult patients undergoing EVT and aCAS versus EVT only. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital death, long-term care facility destination at discharge, sICH, or any EVT-related procedural complications. Secondary outcomes included individual components of the primary outcome, EVT workflow times, final modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score and 90-day modified Rankin Scale score. Statistical significance was evaluated by a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

4205 patients were included (330 with EVT-aCAS and 3875 with EVT-only). Both groups were similar with regard to baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score and use of IV thrombolysis, but differed in age (EVT-aCAS group 67.2±12.1 years vs EVT-only group 71.3±14.1 years, P<0.001), proportion of women (28.2% vs 53.3%, P<0.001), and occlusion location (internal carotid artery terminus 44% vs 16%, P<0.001). The EVT-aCAS group showed a non-significant increase in odds of composite safety outcomes (adjusted OR 1.35 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.84), P=0.06) with a significantly higher proportion of procedural complications (10.0% vs 6.2%, P=0.002).

Conclusion

In a large national registry, EVT-aCAS was associated with a higher proportion of unfavorable safety outcomes, driven by more frequent procedural complications. Further research is needed to clarify the role of aCAS in tandem occlusion stroke.
Embedding a novel screening programme for sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia and gonorrhoea) within an ambulatory emergency surgical assessment unit: an observational cohort study
Authors: Ganesh Divolka , Mahon Ciara , Jones Sian , Please Helen , Hughes Michael , Peckham-Cooper Adam
Published: June 2024

Background

A number of females with pelvic inflammatory disease will present to general surgical services with non-specific abdominal pain. Screening for sexually transmitted infections (STI) as an underlying cause is not routinely offered. We therefore established an STI screening programme for young females presenting to a same day emergency ambulatory surgical clinic as part of the diagnostic pathway. Data outlining the incidence and prevalence of STIs as the underlying cause of lower abdominal pain were collected.

Methods

We conducted an observational cohort study. Self-collected vulvovaginal swabs for chlamydia and gonorrhoea were offered as part of a standardised diagnostic pathway for all females meeting inclusion criteria presenting with abdominal pain. Positive results were referred to our local sexual health team for treatment and contact tracing.

Results

The cohort comprised 297 eligible patients; 259 participated, 20 patients declined testing and 18 samples were rejected as inadequate in the laboratory. 5.4% of swab results were positive (2 gonorrhoea and 12 chlamydia). All patients with positive swabs had presented with lower abdominal pain and of these only 21% had a documented sexual history.

Conclusion

Undiagnosed STIs are prevalent, with significant fertility and public health risks. Young females seeking medical assessment for abdominal pain provide an opportunistic screening cohort with a likely subset of patients presenting with abdominal pain as a direct result of an STI. Our results demonstrate a high incidence of positive tests, suggesting further training of surgeons to include a sexual history in assessment of females with abdominal pain is vital.
Artificial intelligence for better goals of care documentation
Authors: Piscitello Gina , Schell Jane O , Arnold Robert M , Schenker Yael
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Lower rates of goals of care (GOC) conversations have been observed in non-white hospitalised patients, which may contribute to racial disparities in end-of-life care. We aimed to assess how a targeted initiative to increase GOC documentation rates is associated with GOC documentation by race.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed GOC documentation during a targeted GOC initiative for adult patients with an artificial intelligence predicted elevated risk of mortality. Patients were admitted to an urban academic medical centre in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania between July 2021 and 31 December 2022.

Results

The 3643 studied patients had a median age of 72 (SD 13.0) and were predominantly white (87%) with 42% admitted to an intensive care unit and 15% dying during admission. GOC documentation was completed for 28% (n=1019/3643). By race, GOC was documented for 30% black (n=105/351), 28% white (n=883/3161) and 24% other (n=31/131) patients (p=0.3933). There was no statistical difference in the rate of documented GOC among races over time (p=0.5142).

Conclusions

A targeted initiative to increase documented GOC conversations for hospitalised patients with an elevated risk of mortality is associated with similar documentation rates across racial groups. Further research is needed to assess whether this initiative may promote racial equity in GOC documentation in other settings.
Sleep-disordered breathing in children and adults with intellectual disability: mind the gap!
Authors: Riha Renata L , Singh Ankur , Hill Elizabeth A , Evans Hazel , O'Regan David
Published: June 2024

Background

In adults and children with intellectual disability (ID), sleep -disordered breathing (SDB) is thought to be common. However, large epidemiological studies are lacking, and there are few studies on optimal methods of investigation and even fewer randomised, controlled intervention trials of treatment.

Method

Peer-reviewed publications from various databases were examined in line with search terms relevant to ID and SDB spanning the years 200-2024.

Results

Findings suggest that, due to comorbid conditions, children and adults with ID may experience both an increased risk of SDB, as well as lower frequency of diagnosis. SDB can compromise the emotional, physical and mental health of individuals with ID. Appropriate treatment when tolerated leads to an improvement in health and well-being and several studies emphasized the importance of consistent follow-up of people with ID - something that is not universally occurring during childhood, in the transition to adulthood and during adulthood itself. As the most frequently occurring form of ID worldwide, we use Down syndrome as a specific example of how diagnosing and treating SDB can lead to improved outcomes.

Conclusions

This review highlights the importance of identifying SDB in this heterogenous population, recognising the multi-faceted, deleterious consequences of untreated SDB in people with ID, and presents some strategies that can be harnessed to improve diagnosis and management. Until further ID-specific research is available, we urge flexibility in the approach to people with ID and SDB based in guidelines and standard practice developed for the typically developing population.
Habitat effects on recruitment, population limitations, and recovery potential in an endangered stream fish
Authors: Gray John C. , Rosenfeld Jordan S.
Published: June 2024

Elucidating the habitat-related processes driving variation in juvenile recruitment and population fluctuation is crucial for the conservation of freshwater fishes, particularly for species at risk, where recruitment variation increases at small population size. We used a combination of instream enclosure experiments and habitat use observations to investigate between-stream variation in recruitment of juvenile Nooksack Dace ( Rhinichthys cataractae sp. cataractae), a federally endangered stream-dwelling minnow endemic to the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada. There was no evidence for a recruitment bottleneck associated with high water temperature or low dissolved oxygen in spawning riffles at the egg incubation stage, or during a two week juvenile growth experiment in enclosures, although larval dace growth was positively related to temperature. However, immediately post-hatch dace showed a very strong preference for shallow (<5 cm deep), fine substrate marginal shoal habitat with no overhanging or instream vegetation cover, which was associated with well-developed pool-riffle channel structure. Shallow marginal rearing habitat was absent in the stream experiencing recruitment failure, where encroachment by invasive reed canarygrass ( Phalaris arundinacea) created homogenous steep-bank habitat with heavy instream vegetation cover, implicating loss of critical marginal rearing habitat as the recruitment bottleneck.
Structure and Phase Analysis of a Liquid Crystal Benzoate Molecule — Theoretical Approach
Authors: Jaison Jose T.
Published: June 2024

Structure and phase analysis of 4-Octyloxybiphenyl-4[Formula: see text]-yl-4-Methoxybenzoate (OBMB) has been conducted during orientational and translational molecular motions. Various dipole moment elements and atomic charges have been calculated by implementing the complete neglect differential overlap (CNDO/2) approximation. The revised perturbation approximation of Rayleigh–Schrodinger together with multipole expansion approach has been utilized to estimate the long and a “6-exp” potential used in short-range mode interactions. These obtained values of energy during the various interaction modes are used for the calculation of the probability of a selected configuration at room temperature (300[Formula: see text]K). The impact of noninteracting and nonmesogenic solvents (benzene) has been analyzed. This analysis offers an understanding of the flexibility of a molecular configuration, in particular the phase structure along with phase transition.
INTERPRETING AND TRANSLATING THE KOREAN LANGUAGE BASED ON THE MACHINE TRANSLATION MODEL FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Fang Wei
Published: June 2024

Korean languages (KL) have the first, middle, and final consonant sounds. Because the basic consonants were produced in imitation of the human pronunciation organs, mimicking the forms of the organ of articulation when they are uttered makes it stand out. Research into text identification and translation for display boards has dominated contemporary machine vision work. When it comes to automated text translation, two examples come to mind: tour guide software and hotel room service bots. The fundamental issue is that the two languages have distinct pronunciations and grammatical structures. Many English sounds have no equivalent in the Korean language, making learning the language more difficult for Korean speakers. KL-MTM is gaining popularity in the classroom, although assessment is difficult for human raters, such as language instructors, because of the time and effort required to evaluate informational equivalency between the source-language message and its translations in the target language. Overall, students utilize them for various purposes to supplement their language education, whether at home or in the classroom. Results show a wide range of student dependencies and values for these tools, with some students relying heavily on them while others are less reliant on them. The students evaluated prominent KL-MTM tools, indicating difficulty critically analyzing their outcomes. Considerations for teaching and learning are addressed.
Depression, Anxiety, and Cognitive Distortion among College Students: A Cross‐Lagged Prospective Network Study during and after the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Zou Hongyu , Gao Junyao , Wu Wanchun , Zhang Wei , Huo Lijuan
Published: June 2024

Background. The high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among college students during the COVID‐19 pandemic raised serious global public health concerns. Grounded in Beck’s cognitive theory, we tested whether cognitive distortion (included form of rumination) influenced the development of depression and anxiety during and after the pandemic. Materials and Methods. A total of 2,709 college students in southern China completed self‐report measures of depression and anxiety as part of a psychological screening questionnaire during the COVID‐19 lockdown. Six months later, after lockdown, 689 of these students completed the same questionnaires. Results. A cross‐sectional network analysis showed that relative to their self‐reports during the pandemic, college students reported fewer depressive symptoms and higher anxiety symptoms after the pandemic. A cross‐lagged network among depression, anxiety, and cognitive distortion exhibited a consistent pattern, with symptom rumination serving as central node. Surprisingly, depression predicted later anxiety, but anxiety did not predict later depression. Conclusion. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were uniquely related to different cognitive distortions, suggesting different mechanisms of development during the pandemic. Symptom rumination should be considered a key target in cognitive behavioral therapy.
Evaluate Group Sequential Design Sample Sizes for Reference‐Scaled Average Bioequivalence Based on Monte Carlo Simulations in Highly Variable Drugs
Authors: Wen FuDong , Liu Dan , Tian Wei , Ji Ce , Su Yue , He Miao , Yang Nan , Wang YuPeng
Published: June 2024

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggests the “Reference‐Scaled Average Bioequivalence” (RSABE) method in the average bioequivalence (ABE) study of highly variable drugs. The classic sample size estimation method for grouping sequential design (GSD) of the RSABE method is a single‐stage sample size multiplied by the inflation factor. This study proposed a new method for calculating the sample size for the GSD of the RSABE: using simulation experiments directly. In this work, our focal point is on a two‐stage GSD that adheres to the Pocock guideline, comprising a single interim analysis and a final analysis. We consider that the sample size of the two stages is equal; that is, the interim analysis is carried out at 50% of the information fraction. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations have shown that the new method is more accurate in estimating sample size than the inflation factor method, and the type I error rate is controlled below 5% in all conditions. In 90% power semireplicate studies, the average sample size required for the Pocock design is only 40% to 90% of the single‐stage design sample size.
TABLE 1 from Association of ESR1 Germline Variants with TP53 Somatic Variants in Breast Tumors in a Genome-wide Study
Authors: Tjader Nijole P. , Beer Abigail J. , Ramroop Johnny , Tai Mei-Chee , Ping Jie , Gandhi Tanish , Dauch Cara , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Sotelo Nereida , Ghanekar Shreya , Meadows Owen , Paredes Monica , Gillespie Jessica L. , Aeilts Amber M. , Hampel Heather , Zheng Wei , Jia Guochong , Hu Qiang , Wei Lei , Liu Song , Ambrosone Christine B. , Palmer Julie R. , Carpten John D. , Yao Song , Stevens Patrick , Ho Weang-Kee , Pan Jia Wern , Fadda Paolo , Huo Dezheng , Teo Soo-Hwang , McElroy Joseph Paul , Toland Amanda E.
Published: June 2024

TP53 and PIK3CA somatic mutation frequencies
Data from Association of ESR1 Germline Variants with TP53 Somatic Variants in Breast Tumors in a Genome-wide Study
Authors: Tjader Nijole P. , Beer Abigail J. , Ramroop Johnny , Tai Mei-Chee , Ping Jie , Gandhi Tanish , Dauch Cara , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Sotelo Nereida , Ghanekar Shreya , Meadows Owen , Paredes Monica , Gillespie Jessica L. , Aeilts Amber M. , Hampel Heather , Zheng Wei , Jia Guochong , Hu Qiang , Wei Lei , Liu Song , Ambrosone Christine B. , Palmer Julie R. , Carpten John D. , Yao Song , Stevens Patrick , Ho Weang-Kee , Pan Jia Wern , Fadda Paolo , Huo Dezheng , Teo Soo-Hwang , McElroy Joseph Paul , Toland Amanda E.
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In breast tumors, somatic mutation frequencies in TP53 and PIK3CA vary by tumor subtype and ancestry. Emerging data suggest tumor mutation status is associated with germline variants and genetic ancestry. We aimed to identify germline variants that are associated with somatic TP53 or PIK3CA mutation status in breast tumors. A genome-wide association study was conducted in 2,850 women of European ancestry with breast cancer using TP53 and PIK3CA mutation status (positive or negative) as well as specific functional categories [e.g., TP53 gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function, PIK3CA activating] as phenotypes. Germline variants showing evidence of association were selected for validation analyses and tested in multiple independent datasets. Discovery association analyses found five variants associated with TP53 mutation status with P values <1 × 10−6 and 33 variants with P values <1 × 10−5. Forty-four variants were associated with PIK3CA mutation status with P values <1 × 10−5. In validation analyses, only variants at the ESR1 locus were associated with TP53 mutation status after multiple comparisons corrections. Combined analyses in European and Malaysian populations found ESR1 locus variants rs9383938 and rs9479090 associated with the presence of TP53 mutations overall (P values 2 × 10−11 and 4.6 × 10−10, respectively). rs9383938 also showed association with TP53 GOF mutations (P value 6.1 × 10−7). rs9479090 showed suggestive evidence (P value 0.02) for association with TP53 mutation status in African ancestry populations. No other variants were significantly associated with TP53 or PIK3CA mutation status. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine if additional variants contribute to ancestry-specific differences in mutation frequency.
Significance:
Emerging data show ancestry-specific differences in TP53 and PIK3CA mutation frequency in breast tumors suggesting that germline variants may influence somatic mutational processes. This study identified variants near ESR1 associated with TP53 mutation status and identified additional loci with suggestive association which may provide biological insight into observed differences.
O homem esquecido: o trabalhador livre nacional no século XIX - sugestões para uma pesquisa
Authors: Eisenberg Peter L.
Published: June 2024

This article argues for the reexamination of the transition from slavery to freedom in São Paulo. The demographic evidence indicates a massive presence of free persons throughout the nineteenth century, even in those areas where coffee production led to a concentration of slave labor. In part, this free element may have grown due to internai migrations. Free labor found employment in a variety of occupations on the coffee plantations, and also in the food crop sector, but only a few 19th century politicians argued for the systematic recruitment of these people to compensate for the increasing difficulties in acquiring slaves after 1850, when the international slave trade stopped. Modern authors have suggested various hypotheses to explain why the paulista coffee planters preferred subsidizing European immigration to recruiting Brazilians. Some agree with the 19tb century observers that the Brazilian worker was unable to produce as well as the foreigner; others argue that the Brazilian worker was discouraged by the severe work on the plantations. A different line of explanation identifies the costs of recruitment, both in economic and in socio-political terms, as unacceptable. Since none of these hypotheses seems adequate to explain the problem, they suggest the need for further research.
A lenda da Abolição
Authors: Bresciani Maria Stella Martins
Published: June 2024

The attempt to organize men’s behavior through a set of laws represents a specific exercise of the more general practice which seeks to shape society according to a prior and unquestionable understanding, whose origins both are and are not related to reality itself. The law abolishing slavery in Brazil conformed to this rule, and became the center of a widely held myth: that abolition meant the liberating and dignifying of labor in the country. The elaboration of these myths has a specific meaning: they hide the complex texture of the historical process, and give it the character of linearity implicit in the idea of progress.
Italianos em São Paulo (1880-1920)
Authors: Hall Michael M.
Published: June 2024

This article deals with Italian immigrants in São Paulo between 1880 and 1920. Most were brought at state expense to supply cheap labor for the coffee plantations. The grim conditions they encountered are described and analysed. Italian immigrants also formed the first industrial working class in the city of São Paulo, and the article seeks to consider some implications of this fact.
Probidade, previdência, tranquilidade: as companhias de seguros do Rio de Janeiro no contexto da crise financeira (1808-1822)
Authors: Gorenstein Riva
Published: June 2024

The Bank of Brazil, established by Royal permit of 12/october/1808, with the aim to promote gradual Standard of metal currency of the brazilian economic systhem; to facilitate lhe commercial transaction and to assure the State the captation of financial resources needed for its expenses. Due to inercasing monetary difficulties of the Crown, the metalic resources of the Bank were used almost exclusively to fulfill the requisitions made by the Royal Exchequer. In this contingency, the Insurance companies of Rio de Janeiro were practically the only financial institutions with substancial capital reserves, able to attend the demand of business credit to this particular market.
O diálogo competitivo e os desafios para sua plena eficácia
Authors: Cabral Flávio Garcia , Melo Liana Antero de
Published: June 2024

O artigo trata do diálogo competitivo e os entraves para sua aplicação após dois anos de vigência da Lei nº 14.133/2021, a Nova Lei de Licitações e Contratos Administrativos (NLLCA). Sua importância reside na necessidade de se obter um maior conhecimento do inovador instituto trazido pela NLLCA, inspirado no direito europeu e introduzido no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro como resultado de transformações ocorridas no Direito Administrativo. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar obstáculos para a utilização da nova modalidade licitatória e a forma de contorná-los. Conclui-se que a falta de regulamentação não é o único fator que desestimula a utilização do diálogo competitivo pela Administração Pública, havendo outros relevantes impasses, como o próprio caráter inovador da modalidade e a possibilidade de maior ingerência de órgãos de controle nas decisões adotadas pelos gestores públicos.
Clinical Validation of Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Measurement Using a Multi-Beam Laser Vibrometer: The CARDIS Study
Authors: Badhwar Smriti , Marais Louise , Khettab Hakim , Poli Federica , Li Yanlu , Segers Patrick , Aasmul Soren , de Melis Mirko , Baets Roel , Greenwald Steve , Bruno Rosa Maria , Boutouyrie Pierre
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is the gold standard for noninvasive arterial stiffness assessment, an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, and a potential parameter to guide therapy. However, cfPWV is not routinely measured in clinical practice due to the unavailability of a low-cost, operator-friendly, and independent device. The current study validated a novel laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV)-based measurement of cfPWV against the reference technique.

METHODS:

In 100 (50 men) hypertensive patients, cfPWV was measured using applanation tonometry (Sphygmocor) and the novel LDV device. This device has 2 handpieces with 6 laser beams each that simultaneously measure vibrations from the skin surface at carotid and femoral sites. Pulse wave velocity is calculated using ECG for the identification of cardiac cycles. An ECG-independent method was also devised. Cardiovascular risk score was calculated for patients between 40 and 75 years old using the WHO risk scoring chart.

RESULTS:

LDV-based cfPWV correlated significantly with tonometry (r=0.86,
P
<0.0001 ECG-dependent [cfPWV
LDV_ECG
] and r=0.80,
P
<0.001 ECG-independent [cfPWV
LDV_w/oECG
] methods). Bland-Altman analysis showed nonsignificant bias (0.65 m/s) and acceptable SD (1.27 m/s) between methods. Intraobserver coefficient of variance for LDV was 4.7% (95% CI, 3.0%–5.5%), and interobserver coefficient of variance was 5.87%. CfPWV correlated significantly with CVD risk (r=0.64,
P
<0.001; r=0.41,
P
=0.003; and r=0.37,
P
=0.006 for tonometry, LDV-with, and LDV-without ECG, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

The study demonstrates clinical validity of the LDV device. The LDV provides a simple, noninvasive, operator-independent method to measure cfPWV for assessing arterial stiffness, comparable to the standard existing techniques.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03446430
; Unique identifier: NCT03446430.