bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of decomposition in Salmon products by mass spectrometry with sensory‐driven multivariate analysis
Authors: Self Randy L. , McLendon Michael G. , Lock Christopher M.
Published: June 2019

Sensory analysis is performed in USFDA testing laboratories to determine the decomposition status of seafood samples. Current alternatives are not always directly comparable to sensory testing. In this study, a novel method was explored using LC‐HRMS with untargeted analysis and a statistical model driven by sensory results via a script written in the R programming language. This allows generation of data, which are directly comparable to commonly used sensory scoring techniques. The method was applied to six species of salmon, across a wide range of decomposition conditions. Accuracy and reproducibility of the method in comparison with sensory results were demonstrated and show promising results. Correlation values between calculated and sensory values for each species ranged from 0.912 to 0.973, and the correct status was determined for 96% of samples (n = 92). Since it generates data which are comparable to sensory analysis, it provides a potentially useful companion to that work.

Practical Application

Spoilage of seafood samples is currently tested in USFDA laboratories by sensory analysis to help protect consumer safety. This study aims to identify a chemistry‐based analytical complementary method to that work for use in the regulatory environment.
Transient elastography predicts survival after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma developing on cirrhosis
Authors: Rekik Samia , Allaire Manon , Mumana Annie , Guyot Erwan , Nkontchou Gisèle , Grando Véronique , Blaise Lorraine , Ziol Marianne , Nahon Pierre , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Sutter Olivier , Seror Olivier , Nault Jean‐Charles
Published: June 2019

Background and aim

The prognostic value of transient elastography (TE) in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is currently unknown.

Method(s)

We included patients with histologically proven cirrhosis and with a first diagnosis of HCC inside Milan criteria treated by percutaneous RFA, and with TE available the year before treatment with 10 shots and interquartile range/median < 30%. Association between variables and clinical events was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method with the log–rank test and using Cox univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

One hundred fifty‐nine patients were included, with a median age of 65 years; 77.4% were men. Causes of cirrhosis were alcohol consumption (48.1%), hepatitis C (43.7%), hepatitis B (12.7%), and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (32.3%). Median value of TE was 26 kPa (4–75 kPa). Overall survival at 1, 2, and 5 years was, respectively, 93%, 81%, and 44%; overall recurrence was 28%, 49%, and 80%. The TE value was not associated with tumor recurrence (0.13). In contrast, in univariate analysis, TE value, age, Child–Pugh B, and alkaline phosphatase were predictive factors in overall survival. In multivariate analysis, TE value (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (IC): 1.01–1.04, 0.001), age (HR = 1.05, 95% IC: 1.03–1.08, P = 0.00006), and Child–Pugh B score (HR = 2.78, 95% IC: 1.27–6.08, P = 0.01) were independently associated with higher risk of death. A TE value ≥ 40 kPa was associated with shorter median overall survival (34 months) compared to a TE value < 40 kPa (59 months, P = 0.0008).

Conclusion(s)

Transient elastography (TE) predicts overall survival but not tumor recurrence in cirrhotic patients with HCC treated by RFA.
RhoA in tyrosine hydroxylase neurones regulates food intake and body weight via altered sensitivity to peripheral hormones
Authors: Skov Louise J. , Ratner Cecilia , Hansen Nikolaj W. , Thompson Jonathan J. , Egerod Kristoffer L. , Burm Hayley , Dalbøge Louise S. , Hedegaard Morten A. , Brakebusch Cord , Pers Tune H. , Perrier Jean‐François , Holst Birgitte
Published: June 2019

Dopamine‐producing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurones in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) have recently been shown to be involved in ghrelin signalling and body weight homeostasis. In the present study, we investigate the role of the intracellular regulator RhoA in hypothalamic TH neurones in response to peripheral hormones. Diet‐induced obesity was found to be associated with increased phosphorylation of TH in ARC, indicating obesity‐associated increased activity of ARC TH neurones. Mice in which RhoA was specifically knocked out in TH neurones (TH‐RhoA−/− mice) were more sensitive to the orexigenic effect of peripherally administered ghrelin and displayed an abolished response to the anorexigenic hormone leptin. When TH‐RhoA−/− mice were challenged with a high‐fat high‐sucrose (HFHS) diet, they became hyperphagic and gained more body weight and fat mass compared to wild‐type control mice. Importantly, lack of RhoA prevented development of ghrelin resistance, which is normally observed in wild‐type mice after long‐term HFHS diet feeding. Patch‐clamp electrophysiological analysis demonstrated increased ghrelin‐induced excitability of TH neurones in lean TH‐RhoA−/− mice compared to lean littermate control animals. Additionally, increased expression of the orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides agouti‐related peptide and neuropeptide Y was observed in TH‐RhoA−/− mice. Overall, our data indicate that TH neurones in ARC are important for the regulation of body weight homeostasis and that RhoA is both a central effector in these neurones and important for the development of obesity‐induced ghrelin resistance. The obese phenotype of TH‐RhoA−/− mice may be a result of increased sensitivity to ghrelin and decreased sensitivity to leptin, resulting in increased food intake.
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (Lamiaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology
Authors: Zhao Tiantian , Tang Hailong , Xie Long , Zheng Yu , Ma Zubing , Sun Qiang , Li Xiaofang
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (Lamiaceae) is a plant of the genus Lamiaceae, and its root is the main part used as a medicine. In China, Scutellaria baicalensis is still an important traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of clearing away heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxification. This medicinal plant is widely distributed in China, Russia, Mongolia, North Korea and Japan. The purpose of this paper was to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview on the traditional usages, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of this plant. Furthermore, the possible development trends and perspectives for future research on this medicinal plant are also discussed.

Key findings

So far, over 40 compounds have been isolated and identified from Scutellaria baicalensis, including flavonoids, terpenoids, volatile oils and polysaccharides. The compounds and extracts isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, including the effects on the nervous system, effects on the immune system, liver protection, antitumour effects, antibacterial and antiviral effects, antioxidant effects and other pharmacological effects.

As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis has shown significant effects on the treatment of various diseases, especially hepatitis, diarrhoea, vomiting and high blood pressure. Numerous traditional uses of Scutellaria baicalensis have been confirmed by current investigations. However, it is also necessary to further study the drug-forming properties and pharmacokinetics of the active constituents of Scutellaria baicalensis, as well as to establish quality control standards for different areas of Scutellaria baicalensis, and to carry out the research at the cellular and molecular levels.
Heat‐stress Memory is Responsible for Acquired Thermotolerance inBangia fuscopurpurea
Authors: Kishimoto Ikuya , Ariga Inori , Itabashi Yutaka , Mikami Koji
Published: June 2019

The environmental stresses that sessile organisms experience usually fluctuate dramatically and are often recurrent. Terrestrial plants can acquire memory of exposure to sublethal heat stress to acquire thermotolerance and survive subsequent lethal high‐temperature stress; however, little is known concerning whether seaweeds acquire thermotolerance via heat‐stress memory. We have demonstrated that the red seaweedBangia fuscopurpureacan indeed acquire memory of sublethal high‐temperature stress, resulting in the acquisition of thermotolerance that protects against subsequent lethal high‐temperature stress. Moreover, the maintenance of heat‐stress memory was associated with a slight increase in the saturation level of membrane fatty acids. This suggests that the modification of membrane fluidity via changes in membrane fatty acid composition is involved in the establishment and maintenance of heat‐stress memory inB. fuscopurpurea. These findings provide insights into the physiological survival and growth strategies of sessile red seaweeds to cope with recurrent changes in environmental conditions.
When Is A Lineage A Species? A Case Study In Myxacorys gen. nov. (Synechococcales: Cyanobacteria) With The Description of Two New Species From The Americas
Authors: Pietrasiak Nicole , Osorio‐Santos Karina , Shalygin Sergei , Martin Michael P. , Johansen Jeffrey R.
Published: June 2019

Soil cyanobacteria are crucial components of biological soil crusts and carry out many functions in dryland ecosystems. Despite this importance, their taxonomy and population genetics remain poorly known. We isolated 42 strains of simple filamentous cyanobacteria previously identified as Pseudophormidium hollerbachianum from 26 desert locations in the North and South America and characterized these strains using a total evidence approach, that is, using both morphological and molecular data to arrive at taxonomic decisions. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, we propose and characterize Myxacorys gen. nov. with two new species Myxacorys chilensis, the generitype, and M. californica. We also found distinct 16S‐23S ITS sequence variability within species in our dataset. Especially interesting was the presence of two distinct lineages of M. californica obtained from locations in close spatial proximity (within a few meters to kilometers from each other) suggesting niche differentiation. The detection of such unrecognized lineage‐level variability in soil cyanobacteria has important implications for biocrust restoration practices and conservation efforts.
Genomic signatures of sympatric speciation with historical and contemporary gene flow in a tropical anthozoan (Hexacorallia: Actiniaria)
Authors: Titus Benjamin M. , Blischak Paul D. , Daly Marymegan
Published: June 2019

Sympatric diversification is recognized to have played an important role in the evolution of biodiversity. However, an in situ sympatric origin for codistributed taxa is difficult to demonstrate because different evolutionary processes can lead to similar biogeographic outcomes, especially in ecosystems that can readily facilitate secondary contact due to a lack of hard barriers to dispersal. Here we use a genomic (ddRADseq), model‐based approach to delimit a species complex of tropical sea anemones that are codistributed on coral reefs throughout the Tropical Western Atlantic. We use coalescent simulations in fastsimcoal2 and ordinary differential equations in Moments to test competing diversification scenarios that span the allopatric‐sympatric continuum. Our results suggest that the corkscrew sea anemone Bartholomea annulata is a cryptic species complex whose members are codistributed throughout their range. Simulation and model selection analyses from both approaches suggest these lineages experienced historical and contemporary gene flow, supporting a sympatric origin, but an alternative secondary contact model receives appreciable model support in fastsimcoal2. Leveraging the genome of the closely related Exaiptasia diaphana, we identify five loci under divergent selection between cryptic B. annulata lineages that fall within mRNA transcripts or CDS regions. Our study provides a rare empirical, genomic example of sympatric speciation in a tropical anthozoan and the first range‐wide molecular study of a tropical sea anemone, underscoring that anemone diversity is under‐described in the tropics, and highlighting the need for additional systematic studies into these ecologically and economically important species.
Elements of intensive care bereavement follow‐up services: A European survey
Authors: Egerod Ingrid , Kaldan Gudrun , Albarran John , Coombs Maureen , Mitchell Marion , Latour Jos M.
Published: June 2019

Background

Despite technological innovations and continuous improvement in evidence‐based treatments, mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains high. Consequently, a large group of family members may be in need of, and could benefit from, bereavement follow‐up support.

Aims and Objectives

To explore the elements, organization, and evaluation of ICU bereavement services in European countries. Specific objectives were to investigate: (a) the model of bereavement follow‐up services (elements of support), (b) the workforce model (organization of staff), and (c) the evaluation model (evaluation strategies).

Design

This was a cross‐sectional survey of conference delegates.

Methods

A paper‐and‐pen questionnaire, including a cover letter assuring the respondents of anonymity and confidentiality, was distributed to 250 delegates during the opening ceremony of the 2017 European federation of Critical Care Nurses associations Congress in Belfast. The questionnaire was developed from a previously validated tool describing bereavement care practices in ICUs, including questions about the content and organization of bereavement follow‐up services. Frequencies were calculated using yes/no questions, and content analysis was applied in additional free‐text comments.

Results

We received 85 responses from publicly employed nurses, mainly in mixed adult ICUs. Respondents were 48 (56.5%) bedside nurses, and the remaining respondents represented clinical nurse specialists, researchers, managers, or academic nurses. Bereavement follow up had existed for about 1 to 15 years. Important follow‐up elements were: viewing the deceased in the unit, 77 (90.6%); providing follow‐up information, 67 (79.8%); sending a letter of sympathy, 17 (20%); and calling the family to arrange a meeting, 27 (31%).

Conclusions

Bereavement follow up is common but variable in European ICUs. We recommend the development, implementation, and evaluation of evidence‐based, but culture‐specific, bereavement follow‐up guidelines for European ICUs.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

More critical care nurses are realizing the need for bereavement follow‐up guidelines. This paper provides an overview of common elements that might be considered.

WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC

Many families experience the death of a loved one in intensive care unit (ICU).

Bereavement services are offered at some ICUs.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

Bereavement services are not systematically offered in European ICUs.

Culture‐specific guidelines are needed for bereavement follow up in ICUs.

Common elements of bereavement services have been identified, for example, viewing the deceased in the unit, providing follow‐up information, sending a letter of sympathy, and calling the family to arrange a meeting.

Consequences of bereavement in ICU have been discussed, for example, prolonged or complicated grief and lack of closure in the bereaved.
Pharmacologic interrogation of patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction using amyl nitrite
Authors: Babaei Arash , Shad Sadaf , Szabo Aniko , Massey Benson T.
Published: June 2019

Background

The Chicago Classification of esophageal motility includes a group of patients who show evidence of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) as demonstrated by elevated integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) and preserved peristalsis. Our aim is to classify EGJOO patients based on response to amyl nitrite (AN) during high‐resolution manometry.

Methods

Patients were considered to have true EGJOO if elevated IRP during supine swallow persisted in the upright position and was associated with high intrabolus pressure. The EGJ response to AN was compared between patients with achalasia type 2 (A2) and normal esophageal motility. Based on the relaxation gain (deglutitive IRP—AN IRP) value that best discriminated these two groups (10 mm Hg), patients with true EGJOO were categorized as being in either the AN‐responsive (AN‐R) or AN‐unresponsive (AN‐U) subgroups.

Key Results

In the group of 49 patients with true EGJOO, the AN response classified 27 patients (IRP = 25 ± 10 mm Hg) with AN‐R and 22 patients (IRP = 20 ± 5 mm Hg) with AN‐U (P = 0.2). In AN‐R, AN produced a relaxation gain and rebound after‐contraction response at the EGJ comparable to A2 patients. AN‐U patients had an elevated IRP after AN and a relaxation gain similar to normal esophageal motility patients. AN‐U patients were obese and had higher prevalence of sleep apnea (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Among patients with true EGJOO, only half have pharmacologic evidence of impaired LES relaxation. Pharmacologic interrogation of the EGJ is thus necessary to identify the subgroup of EGJOO patients who could be expected to benefit from LES ablative therapies.
A point‐input, point‐output forest as a microprototype for capital accounting
Authors: Cairns Robert D.
Published: June 2019

The point‐input, point‐output, plantation forest was first studied by Martin Faustmann in the mid‐19th century. The exploitation of a Faustmannian forest involves decisions concerning investments and receipts over time that are qualitatively different from the smooth, convex flows that are usually studied in the economics of accounting. The simple, well understood analysis of the forest has implications for the concept of income in forestry as well as in other industries that are typified by nonconvex decisions. A forest is a salient example of the importance of discrete, irreversible investment, and of the role of price effects (capital gains) in income accounting and, more fundamentally, of perceptions of the “right prices” in economic analysis.
Carry on thinking: Nurse education in the Corporate University
Authors: Rolfe Gary
Published: June 2019

It is widely acknowledged that the modern university can be traced back to the inauguration of the University of Berlin in 1810. In the subsequent two centuries, the idea of the university has taken on many forms, largely driven by the political concerns of the day and often in response to demands from the electorate for greater state regulation and accountability for public spending. Until recently, the responsibility for academic and social legitimation had shifted between the church, the state and the university itself. However, in opening up the higher education sector to the influence of the market economy, the state has surrendered much of its political influence over the academic governance of the university to the power of the consumer, which is to say, to students. In this essay, I trace the history of the modern university and examine the significance and implications for nurse education of the turn towards the market. Drawing on the work of Derrida, Lyotard and Readings, I suggest that the return to liberal education is no longer possible, and argue instead for a philosophical strategy of subversion.
The archaeology of coding RNA
Authors: Ariza‐Mateos Ascensión , Briones Carlos , Perales Celia , Domingo Esteban , Gómez Jordi
Published: June 2019

Different theories concerning the origin of RNA (and, in particular, mRNA) point to the concatenation and expansion of proto‐tRNA−like structures. Different biochemical and biophysical tools have been used to search for ancient‐like RNA elements with a specific structure in genomic viral RNAs, including that of the hepatitis C virus, as well as in cellular mRNA populations, in particular those of human hepatocytes. We define this method as “archaeological,” and it has been designed to discover evolutionary patterns through a nonphylogenetic and nonrepresentational strategy. tRNA‐like elements were found in structurally or functionally relevant positions both in viral RNA and in one of the liver mRNAs examined, the antagonist interferon‐alpha subtype 5 (IFNA5) mRNA. Additionally, tRNA‐like elements are highly represented within the hepatic mRNA population, which suggests that they could have participated in the formation of coding RNAs in the distant past. Expanding on this finding, we have observed a recurring dsRNA‐like motif next to the tRNA‐like elements in both viral RNAs and IFNA5 mRNA. This suggested that the concatenation of these RNA motifs was an activity present in the RNA pools that might have been relevant in the RNA world. The extensive alteration of sequences that likely triggered the transition from the predecessors of coding RNAs to the first fully functional mRNAs (which was not the case in the stepwise construction of noncoding rRNAs) hinders the phylogeny‐based identification of RNA elements (both sequences and structures) that might have been active before the advent of protein synthesis. Therefore, our RNA archaeological method is presented as a way to better understand the structural/functional versatility of a variety of RNA elements, which might represent “the losers” in the process of RNA evolution as they had to adapt to the selective pressures favoring the coding capacity of the progressively longer mRNAs.
Central somatostatin signaling and regulation of food intake
Authors: Stengel Andreas , Taché Yvette
Published: June 2019

The discovery of somatostatin (SST) in the hypothalamus implicated the peptide in the inhibition of growth hormone release. However, as observed for numerous neuropeptides, SST was neither restricted to this one brain site nor to this one function. Subsequent studies established a widespread but specific expression of SST in the central nervous system of rodents and humans along with the expression patterns of five receptors (sst1–5). Among biological actions, the activation of central SST signaling induced a robust stimulation of food and water intake, which is mediated by the sst2 as assessed using selective sst agonists. The past years have witnessed the identification of brain SST circuitries involved using chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches and further established a physiological orexigenic role of brain SST signaling. The present review will discuss these recent findings.
A ganglion‐rich gastrointestinal stromal tumor: A case report
Authors: Iemura Yoshiki , Katsushima Hiroki , Kataoka Tatsuki R. , Sakurai Takaki , Hirota Seiichi , Shimada Toshihide
Published: June 2019

We report a case of an extremely rare type of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) that included neuronal components. Although gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors (GANTs), a subtype of GISTs, exhibit ultrastructural features of the nerve plexus, neuronal cells have not been observed within GANTs or GISTs. GISTs originate from interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), which are markedly different from the progenitor cells of neural elements and neural‐crest‐derived stem cells. This may explain why GISTs typically lack neuronal elements. It remains unclear that the neuronal components of this tumor are neoplastic or hyperplastic, but proliferation and survival of ICCs have recently been reported to be closely related to neurons. Although we could not find the KIT, PDGFR, and BRAF mutation as far as we examined, it may have had a rare mutation in NF1, a fusion of EVT6‐NTRK3, or an as‐yet‐unknown KIT mutation that affected neurogenesis. Further investigation of related genetic mutations and accumulation of data from other similar cases is needed.
Rural credit and the time allocation of agricultural households: The case of PRONAF in Brazil
Authors: Ely Regis A. , Parfitt Rafael , Carraro André , Ribeiro Felipe Garcia
Published: June 2019

This paper evaluates the impact of Brazil's National Program to Strengthen Family Farming (PRONAF) on the time allocation of household members. We use data from the 2014 Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios, and we apply propensity score methods to complex surveys recently recommended in the literature. We find that PRONAF helps to increase focus on agricultural activities, but it also stimulates female partners to engage in unpaid work. The results show significant effects of PRONAF on child labor and on the gender‐specific division of labor within households, although it does not have the usual adverse effects of rural credit programs on school attendance.
Representation Imperatives in the Public Mind
Authors: Doherty David , Bryan Amanda Clare , Willis Reid , Witry Paul
Published: June 2019

Objective

Some models of representation posit that high quality representation hinges on legislators adhering to their campaign promises. Others rest on the idea that representatives should respond to prevailing sentiment among their constituents. Still others suggest that legislators have a special obligation to their supporters—the voters who put them into office. We assess how important citizens think it is for elected officials to respond to each of these representation imperatives.

Methods

We leverage a national survey experiment that asked respondents to evaluate a Senator whose behavior conformed to or was at odds with each of these modes of representation.

Findings

Adhering to campaign promises and responding to prevailing public preferences similarly, and independently, affect evaluations of whether a vote cast by a legislator was appropriate. We also find a pronounced partisan divide in the importance people attach to responding to electoral supporters' preferences.

Conclusions

In the aggregate, Americans value each of the three modes of representation we investigate. However, Democrats attach essentially no independent importance to responsiveness to core supporters, while Republicans see this type of responsiveness as just as important as adhering to campaign promises or responding to the broader constituency.
Identification of the novel HLA‐B*51:285 allele in a volunteer donor from the China Marrow Donor Program
Authors: Zhang Li‐Qun , Xiao Yao , Zhou Xiao‐Yang , Li Jin , Cai Jian‐Ping
Published: June 2019

HLA‐B*51:285 differs from HLA‐B*51:01:01:01 by four nucleotide substitutions at position 900, 916, 985 and 1046.
Process Management in Football Youth Development Program
Authors: Samur Serdar
Published: June 2019

In our age, businesses are accepted as living organisms. Businesses that are aware of this change have begun to transition from a result-oriented work system to process management, closely following customer expectations in order to exist in the future as well. The largest expense that sports clubs incur involves transfer spending, because the most talented footballer, who would influence team success, is recruited from outside the club. Today, many sports clubs are incorporated and need to create their own economic resources that would not only ensure their survival but also their success and continuity. This resource can be achieved by means of the footballers who participate in the youth development programs conducted by the club’ football academy. The standards of football are on the rise, and so are the expectations of all those involved, with qualified footballers demanding astronomical wages. Sport clubs need to increase their profits by using the resources that are being developed in their respective football academies. If a given footballer attains a high standard by performing well during training and making it to the first string team, the club has to save on the transfer budget. The aim of this study is to determine how club football schools and academies manage in accordance with process management within the system approach. This study incorporated the qualitative research method and case study technique. Data was collected with the help of the interview technique and examined using content analysis. In this research, it was found that youth development programs should be managed by employing three main processes: covering education in sports schools, practicing with competitor teams, and transitioning to professionalism. If these processes are applied across football academies, it would lead to the emergence of economically qualified footballers. Youth Development Programs, as a part of the system of process management within the framework of organizational structures of sports clubs, will prove to be an ideal form of structuring.
Families of Picard modular forms and an application to the Bloch–Kato conjecture
Authors: Hernandez Valentin
Published: June 2019

In this article we construct a p-adic three-dimensional eigenvariety for the group$U$(2,1)($E$), where$E$is a quadratic imaginary field and$p$is inert in$E$. The eigenvariety parametrizes Hecke eigensystems on the space of overconvergent, locally analytic, cuspidal Picard modular forms of finite slope. The method generalized the one developed in Andreatta, Iovita and Stevens [$p$-adic families of Siegel modular cuspformsAnn. of Math. (2)181, (2015), 623–697] by interpolating the coherent automorphic sheaves when the ordinary locus is empty. As an application of this construction, we reprove a particular case of the Bloch–Kato conjecture for some Galois characters of$E$, extending the results of Bellaiche and Chenevier to the case of a positive sign.
The Journey of Service Delivery Competence in Applied Sport Psychology: The Arc of Development for New Professionals
Authors: Fogaca Jana L. , Watson Jack C. , Zizzi Sam J.
Published: June 2019

A fundamental issue in applied sport psychology is the development of competent professionals who can provide effective and ethical services to clients. The current study uses a qualitative longitudinal design to track the development of five novice sport psychology practitioners in their first year of practice. The research team analyzed and integrated data from surveys, interviews, and journals to understand the participants’ experiences and compare them to previous literature on practitioner development. Participants reported increased confidence and flexibility over time, and reduced their perceived anxiety and dependence on supervision. These changes were similar in nature to what has been reported for counseling trainees, but seemed to happen more quickly. These findings highlight important developmental characteristics of first year sport psychology practitioners, which can help graduate programs to tailor their supervision and training to their students’ needs.
CMPC® Certification as a Milestone, Not a Millstone: A Response to Scherzer and Reel
Authors: Vealey Robin S. , Galli Nick , Harmison Robert J.
Published: June 2019

In this commentary, we respond to Scherzer and Reel’s concerns over the Certified Mental Performance Consultant® (CMPC®) certification program requirements, particularly the certification exam. A reframing is suggested, in which the exam and recertification requirements are viewed as exciting historical milestones and an opportunity for individual professional growth as opposed to a personal inconvenience. In addition, some historical context and rationale for specific aspects of the CMPC certification program are provided, including the rationale for the CMPC credential.
Pharmacologic inhibition of LIMK1 provides dendritic spine resilience against β-amyloid
Authors: Henderson Benjamin W. , Greathouse Kelsey M. , Ramdas Raksha , Walker Courtney K. , Rao Tejeshwar C. , Bach Svitlana V. , Curtis Kendall A. , Day Jeremy J. , Mattheyses Alexa L. , Herskowitz Jeremy H.
Published: June 2019

LIMK1 inhibitors might provide protection from β-amyloid in patients at high risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
Model System for the Formation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Replication Compartments without Viral RNA Replication
Authors: Yau Wai-Lok , Nguyen-Dinh Van , Larsson Elin , Lindqvist Richard , Överby Anna K. , Lundmark Richard
Published: June 2019

TBEV infection causes a broad spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild fever to severe encephalitis. Similar to other flaviviruses, TBEV exploits intracellular membranes to build RCs for viral replication. The viral NS proteins have been suggested to be involved in this process; however, the mechanism of RC formation and the roles of individual NS proteins remain unclear. To study how TBEV induces membrane remodeling, we developed an inducible stable cell system expressing the TBEV NS polyprotein in the absence of viral RNA replication. Using this system, we were able to reproduce RC-like vesicles that resembled the RCs formed in flavivirus-infected cells, in terms of morphology and size. This cell system is a robust tool to facilitate studies of flavivirus RC formation and is an ideal model for the screening of antiviral agents at a lower biosafety level.
Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability and agreement of echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease using the World Heart Federation evidence-based criteria
Authors: Remenyi Bo , Carapetis Jonathan , Stirling John W , Ferreira Beatrice , Kumar Krishnan , Lawrenson John , Marijon Eloi , Mirabel Mariana , Mocumbi A O , Mota Cleonice , Paar John , Saxena Anita , Scheel Janet , Viali Satu , Vijayalakshmi I B , Wheaton Gavin R , Zuhlke Liesl , Sidhu Karishma , Dimalapang Eliazar , Gentles Thomas L , Wilson Nigel J
Published: June 2019

Objective

Different definitions have been used for screening for rheumatic heart disease (RHD). This led to the development of the 2012 evidence-based World Heart Federation (WHF) echocardiographic criteria. The objective of this study is to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and agreement in differentiating no RHD from mild RHD using the WHF echocardiographic criteria.

Methods

A standard set of 200 echocardiograms was collated from prior population-based surveys and uploaded for blinded web-based reporting. Fifteen international cardiologists reported on and categorised each echocardiogram as no RHD, borderline or definite RHD. Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was calculated using Cohen’s and Fleiss’ free-marginal multirater kappa (κ) statistics, respectively. Agreement assessment was expressed as percentages. Subanalyses assessed reproducibility and agreement parameters in detecting individual components of WHF criteria.

Results

Sample size from a statistical standpoint was 3000, based on repeated reporting of the 200 studies. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of diagnosing definite RHD was substantial with a kappa of 0.65 and 0.69, respectively. The diagnosis of pathological mitral and aortic regurgitation was reliable and almost perfect, kappa of 0.79 and 0.86, respectively. Agreement for morphological changes of RHD was variable ranging from 0.54 to 0.93 κ.

Conclusions

The WHF echocardiographic criteria enable reproducible categorisation of echocardiograms as definite RHD versus no or borderline RHD and hence it would be a suitable tool for screening and monitoring disease progression. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of the WHF echo criteria and provides a platform for future revisions.
Feasibility of combined screening for upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma risk by serology and Cytosponge testing: the SUGAR study
Authors: Xu Yiwang , Miremadi Ahmad , Link Alexander , Malfertheiner Peter , Fitzgerald Rebecca C , Bornschein Jan
Published: June 2019

Aims

Aim was to assess the feasibility of serum markers to identify individuals at risk for gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma to reduce the number of individuals requiring invasive assessment by endoscopy.

Methods

Blood samples from 56 patients with Barrett’s oesophagus and 202 non-Barrett controls who previously took part in a trial assessing the accuracy of the Cytosponge for Barrett’s oesophagus were assessed for serum pepsinogen (PG) 1 and 2, gastrin-17, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) andHelicobacter pyloriinfection.

Results

PG1 was pathological (<50 ng/mL) in 26 patients (10.1%), none of whom had Barrett’s oesophagus (p<0.001). Smoking and drinking had no influence on these results. Pathological PG1 was associated with stomach pain (p=0.029), disruption of sleep (p=0.027) and disruption of diet by symptoms (p=0.019). Serum TFF3 was not associated with any clinical parameter.

Conclusions

Assessment of serum PG1 could be combined with a test for Barrett’s oesophagus to identify additional patients requiring endoscopy.
Mechanical thrombectomy for basilar artery occlusion: efficacy, outcomes, and futile recanalization in comparison with the anterior circulation
Authors: Meinel Thomas Raphael , Kaesmacher Johannes , Chaloulos-Iakovidis Panagiotis , Panos Leonidas , Mordasini Pasquale , Mosimann Pascal J , Michel Patrik , Hajdu Steven , Ribo Marc , Requena Manuel , Maegerlein Christian , Friedrich Benjamin , Costalat Vincent , Benali Amel , Pierot Laurent , Gawlitza Matthias , Schaafsma Joanna , Pereira Vitor M , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs
Published: June 2019

Background

Performing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is currently not evidence-based.

Objective

To compare patients’ outcome, relative merits of achieving recanalization, and predictors of futile recanalization (FR) between BAO and anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (ACLVO) MT.

Methods

In the multicenter BEYOND-SWIFT registry (NCT03496064), univariate and multivariate (displayed as adjusted Odds Ratios, aOR and 95% confidence intervals, 95%-CI) outcome comparisons between BAO (N=165) and ACLVO (N=1574) were performed. The primary outcome was favorable outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale, mRS 0-2). Secondary outcome included mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and FR. The relative merits of achieving successful recanalization between ACLVO and BAO were evaluated with interaction terms.

Results

MT in BAO was more often technically effective and equally safe in regards to mortality and sICH when compared to ACLVO. When adjusting for baseline differences, there was no significant difference between BAO vs ACLVO regarding rates of favorable outcome (aOR 0.986, 95%-CI 0.553 – 1.758). However, BAO were associated with increased rates of FR (aOR 2.146, 95%-CI 1.267 – 3.633). Predictors for FR were age, stroke severity, maneuver count and intracranial stenting. No significant heterogeneity on the relative merits of achieving successful recanalization on several outcome parameters were observed when comparing BAO and ACLVO.

Conclusions

In selected patients, similar outcomes can be achieved in BAO and ACLVO patients treated with MT. Randomized controlled trials comparing patient selection and interventional strategies seem warranted to avoid FR.

Trial registration number

NCT03496064
Clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness analysis for the treatment of basilar tip aneurysms
Authors: Abecassis Isaac Josh , Sen Rajeev , Kelly Cory Michael , Levy Samuel , Barber Jason , Ghodke Basavaraj , Levitt Michael , Kim Louis J , Sekhar Laligam N
Published: June 2019

Background

Endovascular treatment of basilar tip aneurysms is less invasive than microsurgical clipping, but requires closer follow-up.

Objective

To characterize the additional costs associated with endovascular treatment of basilar tip aneurysms rather than microsurgical clipping.

Materials and methods

We obtained clinical records and billing information for 141 basilar tip aneurysms treated with clip ligation (n=48) or endovascular embolization (n=93). Costs included direct and indirect costs associated with index hospitalization, as well as re-treatments, follow-up visits, imaging studies, rehabilitation, and disability. Effectiveness of treatment was quantified by converting functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score) into quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Cost-effectiveness was performed using cost/QALY ratios.

Results

Average index hospitalization costs were significantly higher for patients with unruptured aneurysms treated with clip ligation ($71 400 ± $47 100) compared with coil embolization ($33 500 ± $22 600), balloon-assisted coiling ($26 200 ± $11 600), and stent-assisted coiling ($38 500 ± $20 900). Multivariate predictors for higher index hospitalization cost included vasospasm requiring endovascular intervention, placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, longer length of stay, larger aneurysm neck and width, higher Hunt-Hess grade, and treatment-associated complications. At 1 year, endovascular treatment was associated with lower cost/QALY than clip ligation in unruptured aneurysms ($52 000/QALY vs $137 000/QALY, respectively, p=0.006), but comparable rates in ruptured aneurysms ($193 000/QALY vs $233 000/QALY, p=0.277). Multivariate predictors for higher cost/QALY included worse mRS score at discharge, procedural complications, and larger aneurysm width.

Conclusions

Coil embolization of basilar tip aneurysms is associated with a lower cost/QALY. This effect is sustained during follow-up. Clinical condition at discharge is the most significant predictor of overall cost/QALY at 1 year.
Cerebral microvascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration in dementia
Authors: Han Feng
Published: June 2019

Maintaining normal learning and memory functions requires a high degree of coordination between neural and vascular cells. Basic and clinical studies have shown that brain microvasculature dysfunction activates inflammatory cells in the brain, leading to progressive neuronal loss and eventually dementia. This review focuses on recent studies aimed at identifying the molecular events that link cerebral microvascular dysfunction to neurodegeneration, including oxidative/nitrosative stress, cellular metabolic dysfunction, inflammatory signalling and abnormal synaptic plasticity. A better understanding of the coupling between vasculature and brain neurons and how this coupling is disrupted under pathological conditions is of great significance in identifying new diagnostic and treatment targets for dementia for which no new drugs have been approved since 2003.
Production and metabolic consequences of high-energy and low-crude-protein diet fed to 49-wk-old Shaver white leghorn without or with top-dressed organic selenium
Authors: Robinson Sara , Kiarie Elijah G.
Published: June 2019

Production and metabolic consequences of feeding 49-wk-old Shaver white hens a high-energy low-crude-protein (HELP) diet were investigated over 6 wk. The test diets included standard diet [2750 kcal kg−1apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and 17.5% crude protein (CP)], HELP (3000 kcal kg−1of AME and 13.0% CP) diet, and HELP top dressed with selenium (HELP + Se). All diets had 0.3 mg Se kg−1as part of premix. Hens (33) were procured, three birds necropsied for baseline liver samples, and the rest placed in individual cages and allocated diets (n = 10). Feed intake (FI), hen day egg production (HDEP), and egg weight (EW) were monitored weekly. Plasma and liver samples were collected from all birds. Birds fed standard and HELP diets had similar (P > 0.05) FI (with exception of weeks 4 and 5) and HDEP, whereas HELP + Se depressed (P < 0.05) feed and nutrient intake at weeks 5 and 6, HDEP, and EW. There were no (P > 0.05) diet effects on hepatic weight and crude fat content. Birds fed HELP diets had lower (P > 0.05) concentration of plasma total protein, macrominerals, and some enzymes. Overall, HELP diet had minimal impact on production and metabolism; however, addition of Se had negative effects on hen performance.
Towards Optimizing Hospital Patient Transports by Automatically Identifying Interpretable Causes of Delays
Authors: Bonte Pieter , Ongenae Femke , Turck Filip De
Published: June 2019

The continuous financial pressure on hospitals forces them to rethink various workflows. We focus on optimizing hospital transports, within the hospital, as they count up to 30% of the overall hospital cost. In this paper, we discuss a self-learning platform that learns the causes of transport delays, in order to avoid these kinds of delays in the future. We pay special attention to the explainability of the self-learning system, such that management understands the learned causes and remains in control over the automated process. This is achieved by providing the learned causes as sentences that can be understood by non-technical personnel and allowing these causes to first be supervised before the system takes them into account. Once approved, the system will calculate how much more time should be assigned to these transports in order to avoid future delays. As a result, the scheduling of patient transportation can be automatically optimized, while management remains in full control of the process.
A Knowledge Integrated Case-Based Classifier
Authors: Muangprathub Jirapond , Kajornkasirat Siriwan , Wanichsombat Apirat , Boonjing Veera , Saelee Jarunee , Intarasit Arthit
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes a case-based classifier using a new approach that integrates rule-based and case-based reasoning approaches for enhanced accuracy. The rule-based reasoning component uses rules generated from a concept lattice of training data, binarized using fuzzy sets. These binarized data are stored as cases in the case-based classification component. The case-based component complements the rule-based component to enhance classification accuracy. Moreover, we designed the case-based component with an embedded similarity measure that uses a vector model for concept approximations. Thus, this design makes it possible to generate high quality rules and classify unseen new cases. In addition, the ability to build a knowledge base in lattice form is important for discovering hierarchical patterns, incrementing or updating the existing knowledge base, and inducing rules with our rule learning algorithm. The novel methodology was implemented and evaluated with benchmark datasets from the UCI repository and historic rubber prices in Thailand, demonstrating improvements in accuracy of classification calls. The results from the fact their several hierarchical datasets are very promising, with improved classification performance over prior reported methods.
Binary Independence Language Model in a Relevance Feedback Environment
Authors: Wu H. C. , Luk R. W. P. , Wong K. F. , Nie J. Y.
Published: June 2019

Model construction is a kind of knowledge engineering, and building retrieval models is critical to the success of search engines. This article proposes a new (retrieval) language model, called binary independence language model (BILM). It integrates two document-context based language models together into one by the log-odds ratio where these two are language models applied to describe document-contexts of query terms. One model is based on relevance information while the other is based on the non-relevance information. Each model incorporates link dependencies and multiple query term dependencies. The probabilities are interpolated between the relative frequency and the background probabilities. In a simulated relevance feedback environment of top 20 judged documents, our BILM performed statistically significantly better than the other highly effective retrieval models at 95% confidence level across four TREC collections using fixed parameter values for the mean average precision. For the less stable performance measure (i.e. precision at the top 10), no statistical significance is shown between the different models for the individual test collections although numerically our BILM is better than two other models with a confidence level of 95% based on a paired sign test across the test collections of both relevance feedback and retrospective experiments.