bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Measuring Divergence for Magnetic Field Modeling
Authors: Gilchrist S. A. , Leka K. D. , Barnes G. , Wheatland M. S. , DeRosa M. L.
Published: September 2020

A physical magnetic field has a divergence of zero. Numerical error in constructing a model field and computing the divergence, however, introduces a finite divergence into these calculations. A popular metric for measuring divergence is the average fractional flux

. We show that

scales with the size of the computational mesh, and may be a poor measure of divergence because it becomes arbitrarily small for increasing mesh resolution, without the divergence actually decreasing. We define a modified version of this metric that does not scale with mesh size. We apply the new metric to the results of DeRosa et al., who measured

for a series of nonlinear force-free field models of the coronal magnetic field based on solar boundary data binned at different spatial resolutions. We compute a number of divergence metrics for the DeRosa et al. data and analyze the effect of spatial resolution on these metrics using a nonparametric method. We find that some of the trends reported by DeRosa et al. are due to the intrinsic scaling of

. We also find that different metrics give different results for the same data set and therefore there is value in measuring divergence via several metrics.
Quasitagalis afonsoi, a new genus and a new species of Saicinae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) inhabiting a cave in Brazil, with an updated key to the genera of Saicinae of the New World
Authors: Gil-Santana Hélcio R. , Oliveira Jader , Zampaulo Robson de A.
Published: September 2020

Quasitagalis afonsoigen. et sp. nov. of Saicinae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) is described based on a male and three female specimens collected in a cave in the State of Tocantins, Brazil. Additionally, some characteristics from two nymphs of different instars of the same species are also recorded. An updated key to the New World genera of Saicinae is provided.
Du manuscrit de poème aux germes du roman : graines, pistes et restes
Authors: Vassevière Maryse
Published: September 2020

Après avoir étudié par le passé plusieurs des dossiers génétiques des romans d’Aragon, je tenterai encore une fois la démonstration de l’utilité d’étudier ses manuscrits légués au CNRS en 1977 et maintenant conservés à la BnF par une nouvelle étude de cas : le poème « On dormait encore en ce temps-là » du recueil de la poésie de la Résistance La Diane française (1944) dont on décrira le matériau génétique avant d’en donner une transcription diplomatique. Le deuxième temps de l’étude consistera à analyser le mouvement perpétuel de la genèse en dégageant quelques règles de l’avancée de l’écriture. Pour finir par mettre en évidence dans les graines de cet avant-texte poétique quelques restes, rejetés, inaboutis, inexplorés, et qui vingt ans plus tard vont permettre le passage de la poésie au roman et alimenter l’écriture romanesque ultime du dernier Aragon. Centré sur un des rares manuscrits de travail de la poésie de la Résistance, cet article pourrait être une nuance apportée à l’image d’un Aragon Jupiter de sa propre genèse.
Research on the Construction of a Student Model of an Adaptive Learning System Based on Cognitive Diagnosis Theory
Authors: Zhao Yang , Fan Yaqin , Yin Mingrui , Fang Cheng
Published: September 2020

With the promotion of online education, the adaptive learning system has attracted attention due to its good curriculum recommendation function. The student model is an important interface between the adaptive learning system and the user, reflecting the individual characteristics, knowledge status, and cognitive ability of the student. The accuracy of the information in the student model directly affects the quality of the system recommendation service. The traditional student model only judges students based on the basic information and simple test scores. This paper introduces the self-adaptive item bank and adaptive item selection strategy based on the cognitive diagnosis theory that dynamically detects the students' knowledge and analyzes the state according to the answering habits and knowledge mastering status of different students. This paper analyzes and contrasts a variety of traditional cognitive diagnosis theories and proposes a mixed cognitive diagnosis question bank and a selection strategy model to provide strong support for the construction of student models.
Design of Cyberspace Security Talents Training System Based on Knowledge Graph
Authors: Chen Xi , Ruan Fangming , Zhang Lvyang , Zhao Yang
Published: September 2020

Internet, big data, global society, economy, life, politics, military, and culture are deeply integrated and have developed into an era of overlapping cyberspace and real society. Cyberspace security has become the most complex, comprehensive, and severe non-traditional security challenge facing all countries in the world. However, the talents in the field of cyberspace security cannot meet the practical needs of the development of cyberspace security. This paper puts forward the training scheme of network security talents, discusses the relationship between knowledge atlas and network space security, gives the construction and distribution of network space full knowledge atlas, and then constructs an education big data architecture for cyberspace security based on knowledge graph around the use of knowledge.
Suppressive Effect of Auto-Polymerized Surgical Obturator Resin Incorporated with Vanillin on Microbial Biofilm
Authors: Thaweboon Sroisiri , Kedcharoen Pakpoom , Wongsirichat Natthamet , Thaweboon Boonyanit
Published: September 2020

Surgical obturators are important oral prostheses given to patients after surgical treatment to minimize scar contracture and esthetic disfigurement that may affect patients’ functional appearance and psychological health. Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin has been the material generally used for fabrication of surgical obturator. However, wearing of this resin appliance can raise a condition for microbial biofilm accumulation and infection of the patients due to the rough surfaces and internal porosities of the resin. Vanillin-incorporated heat-cured and auto-polymerized PMMA resin have been developed and demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity against several types of microorganisms. This study aimed to examine antimicrobial properties of vanillin-incorporated auto-polymerized surgical obturator resin on the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans and Candida glabrata. The auto-polymerized PMMA resin samples (Orthocryl® EQ, Germany) were prepared with vanillin incorporation (0.1% and 0.5% vanillin). All samples were coated with sterile saliva and incubated at 37 °C for 60 min. The suspensions of S. mutans ATCC 25715 and C. glabrata ATCC 15126 (107 colony forming unit/mL) were prepared using McFarland standard No.1. Microbial biofilm formation was done in 96-well plate at 37°C for 24 h. The total vital biofilm formation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit WST-8 (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA) at 450 nm. All tests were done in triplicate on three separate circumstances. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were applied for the statistical analysis. A significant decrease of S. mutans biofilm mass was noticed in 0.5% vanillin incorporated resin group compared with a control, resin without vanillin. The percentage of biofilm reduction was 40.8%. No different effect was observed in 0.1% vanillin group. In the case of C. glabrata, no significant biofilm reduction was examined among all groups. In conclusion, the adding of 0.5% vanillin to surgical obturator resin could significantly inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans, however, the effect was not demonstrated on 0.1% vanillin. C. glabrata was observed to be resistant to vanillin. Using PMMA resin incorporated with 0.5% vanillin, an obturator with antimicrobial property can be applied to prevent dental caries and other systemic diseases in patients after surgical treatment.
Noise Level and its Sources in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Selected Public Hospitals in Kigali City
Authors: Dusabe Ruth , Muhayimana Alice , Mujawimana Patrice , Meharry Pamela
Published: September 2020

Background

Noise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has an impact on the developmental progress of neonates, especially preterm. Technology advancement has improved the life of preterm neonates, but also changed NICU into a noisy place.

Objective

To measure the noise levels and identify its sources in NICU at selected public hospitals in Kigali city`

Methods

A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study. A sound level meter was used in recording the Sound level in six different locations of the NICUs at five different times. An observational checklist was used to identify possible sources of noise. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA).

Results

Sound levels recorded in all the NICUs were high ranging from 61.8 decibel (dB) to 77.0 dB, greater than the 45 dB recommended by the American Association of Pediatrics (AAP). The maximum noise level was 77.0 dB. Ward rounds had the highest noise levels, and lunchtime had the lowest noise levels in all hospitals. Noise levels were high at the station near the entrance in all NICU rooms.

Conclusion

In all NICUs, the noise level generated was greater than the standard limits established by AAP. Neonates need noise-free environment as excess noise has an impact on their wellbeing.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):115-127
Neonatal Hypothermia: Mothers’ Knowledge and Practice at a Provincial Hospital in Rwanda
Authors: Musabyemariya Emerthe , Mukamana Donatilla , Muteteli Claudine , Uwizeyimana Phoibe , Chironda Geldine , Rajeswaran Lakshmi
Published: September 2020

Background

Globally, 2.5 million neonates die each year from hypothermia. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers neonatal hypothermia as a decrease of axillary temperature in infants below 36.5° Celsius. New mothers, or the nearest caregivers, should be aware that hypothermia is a newborn danger sign, in order to apply best practices regarding neonatal hypothermia prevention to reduce subsequent mortality.

Objective

To assess mothers’ knowledge and practice of neonatal hypothermia at a selected provincial hospital in Rwanda.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling method were used to select 161 mothers with living babies. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data.

Results

About 97% of mothers had inadequate knowledge, and the majority (83%) had inadequate neonatal hypothermia practices. Predictor variables for knowledge were ANC attendance (OR=1.884, 95% CI=1.675-2.565, p=0.042) and secondary educational level (OR=1.787, 95% CI=1.521-2.187, p=0.032). Practice was significantly associated with educational level (OR=1.787, 95% CI=1.521-2.187, p=0.032).  

Conclusion

There is a need to increase a mother's evidence-based practice of neonatal hypothermia. This condition unchecked leads to high-risk life-threatening complications. Prevention should emphasize on observed gaps to decrease deaths related to neonatal hypothermia.

Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):152-166
Mandatory and Default Rules in Private Law
Authors: Gábriš Tomáš
Published: September 2020

The paper summarizes philosophical, historical and doctrinal background of the differentiation between mandatory and default rules in private law in general and in company law in particular. The conclusion of the author is the plea to provide for a clear guidance in the respective doctrine and legislation as to the criteria and principles applicable to distinguishing between the two types of regulations.
PARA PENSAR A CARTOGRAFA ESCOLAR:
Authors: Batista Natália Lampert , Rizzatti Maurício , Da Silva Guilherme Moreira
Published: September 2020

A formação inicial e continuada de professores de Geografia para o trabalho com a Cartografia Escolar é essencial na contemporaneidade, pois se constitui como uma forma de diversificar as linguagens no ensino dessa temática na disciplina de Geografia, bem como potencializa a compreensão das intencionalidades cartográficas, tão em destaque nos múltiplos suportes onde os mapas são apresentados. Com base nisso, o presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar uma oficina pedagógica desenvolvida com graduandos e professores de Geografia em atuação voltada ao desenvolvimento e aprofundamento de noções cartográficas e da leitura e representação espacial. A oficina foi desenvolvida na X Semana Acadêmica da Geografia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Contou com a participação de treze graduandos e dois docentes da rede pública de ensino. Para a avaliação da proposta foi aplicado um questionário aos participantes e analisados seus dados e as vivências durante a prática pedagógica. Conclui-se que mesmo os docentes e graduandos em Geografia apresentam dificuldades de compreensão da espacialidade, o que reflete em dificuldades na sua (futura) atuação em sala de aula. Portanto, a formação para o uso da linguagem cartográfica se torna cada vez mais imprescindível para a qualificação da Cartografia Escolar na educação básica.
Palavras-chave
Alfabetização cartográfica, Letramento cartográfico, Formação de Professores
O PAPEL DO PENSAMENTO ESPACIAL NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO RACIOCÍNIO GEOGRÁFICO
Authors: Vanzella Castellar Sonia Maria , De Paula Igor Rafael
Published: September 2020

Nos últimos anos o pensamento espacial foi incorporado como temática a ser estudada na educação geográfica brasileira, o que nos recobrou enorme responsabilidade teórica e metodológica no movimento de compreendermos em que medida ele pode ser uma habilidade a ser desenvolvida e de que modo ele atua como dimensão participante na construção do raciocínio geográfico. Partimos das definições das teorias que fundam o pensamento espacial (GOLLEDGE & SPECTOR, 1978 , LIBEN & DOWNS, 1989, TVERSKY, 1981, entre outros) antes de sua síntese no relatório do National Research Council (2006) para elaborar um relacionamento entre os campos de conhecimentos coerente diante da geografia brasileira e das necessidades que nossos professores e jovens têm, defendendo o pensamento espacial como um conteúdo procedimental-conceitual (Zabala, 1999). Apresentaremos por fim essa ideia dialogando diferentes campos epistêmicos e situações, como possibilidade de contribuição teórica e prática para a Educação Geográfica, reforçando a linguagem cartográfica, os sujeitos, suas ações e seus lugares no mundo como parte intrínseca do processo de ensino- aprendizagem em Geografia.

Palavras-chave

Educação Geográfica, Raciocínio Geográfico, Cartografia Escolar, Situação Geográfica, Cognição
Analisis Tingkat Kenyamanan Di Kota Manado Dan Wilayah Penyangganya Berdasarkan Indeks Thi (Temperature Humidity Index)
Authors: WIDIYANTO SOFIAN , KURNIA WENAS GANDA
Published: September 2020

Sebagai salah satu Provinsi yang menjadi pusat perekonomian di Kawasan Indonesia Timur, Sulawesi Utara menjadi tujuan bagi para perantau. Tumbuh pesatnya perkembangan pembangunan diberbagai sektor mengakibatkan semakin berkurangnya ruang terbuka hijau dan juga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya masalah sosial dan masalah lingkungan sehingga dapat menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan suatu wilayah. Tujuan dari penyusunan indeks kenyamanan ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar tingkat kenyamanan di Kota Manado sebagai pusat perekonomian Sulawesi Utara dan kabupaten/kota penyangganya menggunakan metode Temperature Humidity Index (THI). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data suhu udara dan kelembaban udara harian tahun 2008–2017 dari Stasiun BMKG di Sulawesi Utara. Indeks THI umumnya hanya sebagian populasi (28.15%) perkotaan merasakan Nyaman dan pada kategori Sebagian Nyaman dengan rata-rata sebesar 59.97%. dan kategori Tidak Nyaman terjadi sebesar 11.87%. Tingkat kenyamanan yang paling rendah dirasakan oleh penduduk Kota Bitung sedangkan perasaan nyaman di ruangan terbuka dirasakan oleh penduduk Kabupaten Minahasa. Kecenderungan peningkatan indeks THI terjadi hampir di semua kota kecuali Kota Bitung dengan laju terbesar dialami oleh kota Manado
CLARICE LISPECTOR E A POÉTICA DO VIVENDO
Authors: De Mendonça Fernando
Published: September 2020

A partir de uma declaração de Clarice Lispector, nos anos 1960, sobre a literatura ser uma experiência em modo gerúndio (‘vida vivendo’), propomos uma análise de sua escritura que concentre os efeitos estéticos do texto literário como prolongamento do corpo autoral. Para isso, focamos o romance Um Sopro de Vida (1978), retomando leituras de Olga de Sá (1993; 2004) e a reconstituição biográfica de Benjamin Moser (2009), também ampliando as possibilidades de interpretação por um viés teopoético, com base no conceito de Orgé, do alemão Rudolph Otto (2007), haja vista a relação do texto clariceano com as manifestações do divino.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Poética literária. Teopoética. Clarice Lispector.
Konsep Dasar Media Pembelajaran
Authors: Juhaeni  , Safaruddin  , R Nurhayati  , Aulia Nur Tanzila
Published: September 2020

This article aims to describe the basic concepts of learning media which include: learning as a communication process, the definition of the concept of learning media, the function of learning media, the basis for using learning media, the characteristics of learning media.
Cómo como - cómo soy - cómo me veo. Un estudio con niños y niñas que juegan al fútbol
Authors: Fernández Vallines Adriano , González González de Mesa Carmen
Published: September 2020

Un alto porcentaje de los niños en etapa primaria de la educación española realizan como actividad extraescolar la práctica de uno o varios deportes para aumentar las horas semanales de actividad física. Esto unido a los hábitos alimentarios nos dan una imagen clara de cómo está cambiando la sociedad española en lo referente a salud infantil. El principal objetivo de este estudio es relacionar el Autoconcepto, los Hábitos Alimentarios, la Imagen Corporal y las horas semanales que dedican a realizar Actividad Física en niños y niñas que ya realizan fútbol como actividad extraescolar. Los participantes de este estudio han sido 124 escolares entre 8 a 13 años del Principado de Asturias. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Escala de autoconcepto físico para jóvenes (C-PSQ), una parte de Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), Test de Evaluación de Preferencias, Intenciones de Conducta y Consumos Alimentarios (TEPICA) y Siluetas de Collins. Se han realizado estadísticos Descriptivos, Pruebas t de Student para muestras relacionadas e independientes, Análisis de Varianza y Correlación de Pearson. Los resultados mostraron que quién tiene conocimientos adecuados sobre hábitos alimentarios se correlaciona positivamente con el nivel de autoconcepto, que las horas de práctica deportiva se correlacionan positivamente con la competencia percibida y la autoconfianza, y que, aunque manifiestan estar satisfechos con las diferentes partes del cuerpo, les gustaría estar más delgados que como se ven a sí mismos.
Enfoque temático de enseñanza de habilidades: importancia de la percepción de competencia
Authors: Luis-de Cos Gurutze , Urrutia Gutierrez Saioa , Luis-de Cos Izaskun
Published: September 2020

El enfoque temático de enseñanza de habilidades tiene como objetivo principal el desarrollo de la competencia motriz, constructo que en interacción con la percepción de competencia influye en el establecimiento y afianzamiento de hábitos de práctica físico-deportiva. El objetivo de este estudio es, por un lado, comprobar la relación entre la percepción de competencia, la competencia motriz y la práctica físico-deportiva, y por el otro, analizar la precisión con la que evalúan los practicantes y no practicantes de actividad físico deportiva sus habilidades motrices. Los resultados confirman la relación positiva entre las tres variables y además, que los practicantes de actividad físico-deportiva, a pesar de sobreestimar su capacidad, son más precisos en sus valoraciones que los no practicantes. Este trabajo propone aplicar el enfoque temático de la enseñanza de habilidades en el ámbito formativo dada la importancia que tiene el desarrollo de la competencia motriz en la percepción de competencia y por ende en el aumento de la práctica físico-deportiva, y se propone trabajarla.
Primates of Serranía de las Minas (Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia)
Authors: Gallo-Cajiao Eduardo , Julián Idrobo Carlos
Published: September 2020

Primate populations have declined and disappeared from many localities of the Colombian Andes as a result of habitat loss and hunting pressure. The original forest cover of this mountainous region has been cleared by 70%, even though there has been a recent recovery of the area. Additionally, hunting practices have extirpated populations from otherwise suitable areas. These threats have resulted in smaller and isolated populations, with a higher risk of extinction, scattered across this mountain system.
El uso de Isertia laevis como percha por Centurio senex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en el suroeste de Costa Rica
Authors: Mora José Manuel , Mena-Ali Jorge , Mora-Di Mare Andrea
Published: September 2020

Varias especies de Phyllostomidae construyen tiendas mediante la modificación de hojas grandes de principalmente Araceae, Arecaceae y Heliconiaceae (Rodríguez-Herrera et al. 2007). No obstante, es poco lo que se conoce sobre los sitios de descanso de varios filostómidos, lo cual es quizá el primer paso para entender los hábitos familiares y sociales de las especies.
Depredación de Ctenosaura pectinata (Squamata: Iguanidae) por Lynx rufus (Carnivora: Felidae) en el Estado de Michoacán de Ocampo, México
Authors: Charre-Medellin Juan , Monterrubio-Rico Tiberio C. , Gómez-Cárdenas Eliazin , Alvarado María del Socorro , Barragán-López Esteban , Torres-Villa Rogelia
Published: September 2020

El gato montés o lince rojo (Lynx rufus), es un felino de talla mediana con una amplia distribución en México y Norteamérica, para el cual se ha documentado su dieta a lo largo de toda su área de distribución, siendo los lagomorfos y los roedores sus principales presas. Mediante un monitoreo con cámaras trampa, se documenta la primera evidencia de la presencia de la iguana negra (Ctenosaura pectinata) en la dieta del gato montés. Además de la presencia de gato montés se registraron cinco especies de felinos; puma (Puma concolor), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), tigrillo (Lepoardus wiedii), ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) y jaguar (Panthera onca). Estudios posteriores, deben evaluar el traslape de nicho y preferencia de hábitos alimenticios de los felinos presentes en esta región del pais, donde coexisten las seis especies de felinos que habitan en México.
Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study of Parent and Teacher Perceptions of Services and Needs of Children With ADHD
Authors: Wooster Donna , Appleton Ryan , McGee S. Katelyn , Naquin Lauren , Whittle Sarah , Worsham Kayln
Published: September 2020

Date Presented 03/26/20

The purpose of this study was to investigate both teacher and parent perspectives on services provided to and needs of children with ADHD. Through this research, we explored perceived needs, current services implemented, the effectiveness of current strategies, and resource and educational needs of teachers and parents. The research identified gaps in services and education from both the teacher and parent perspectives that align with the services that can be readily provided by an OT.

Primary Author and Speaker: Donna Wooster

Contributing Authors: Ryan Appleton, S. Katelyn McGee, Lauren Naquin, Sarah Whittle, Kayln Worsham
Saddle Up for Success: Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapy Program Evaluation Survey
Authors: LeVan David , Kiss Katherine , Gaffney Jessica , LaDuke Alexandra , Flint Lauren , Lacy Anna
Published: September 2020

Date Presented 03/26/20

This study conducted a program evaluation survey of an equine-assisted activities and therapy (EAAT) program to gain a deeper understanding of participants’ experiences, thoughts, beliefs, and judgments about progress with occupational performance goals and overall satisfaction. Evidence obtained through this study can be used by stakeholders including OT practitioners to better understand possible benefits from participating in an EAAT program and inform future programming.

Primary Author and Speaker: David LeVan

Additional Authors and Speakers: Katherine Kiss, Jessica Gaffney, Alexandra LaDuke, Lauren Flint

Contributing Authors: Anna Lacy
Formal Stroke Education Program Effects on OTs’ Competence & Confidence
Authors: Buccinna Michelle
Published: September 2020

Date Presented 03/27/20

This poster presentation will review the methodology and results of a six-week online educational program focused on evidence-based practice in stroke rehabilitation to improve clinical competence and confidence in OT practitioners.

Primary Author and Speaker: Michelle Buccinna
Psychometric Properties of the Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self Questionnaire
Authors: Fan Chia-Wei , Yazdani Farzaneh , Carstensen Tove , Bonsaksen Tore
Published: September 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

We examined the psychometric properties of the Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self questionnaire by Rasch analysis. The questionnaire was completed by 111 students across four time points. Unidimensionality was confirmed for all three parts of the questionnaire. The rating scales and person response validity need further investigation; excellent internal consistency and person/item separation was found. The study supports the psychometric properties of the questionnaire.

Primary Author and Speaker: Chia-Wei Fan

Contributing Authors: Farzaneh Yazdani, Tove Carstensen, Tore Bonsaksen
Feeding Group: An Interdisciplinary Approach for Functional Improvement in an Acute Rehabilitation Adult Stroke-Patient Population
Authors: Romano Amanda , Wong Charlene , Miller Jeanina , Ringel Miriam , Nizolek Kara
Published: September 2020

Date Presented 03/28/20

With an increased emphasis on evidence-based practice, documentation, and justification of services in the current healthcare system, this feeding group study serves as a model of the effectiveness of interdisciplinary collaboration, demonstrating the value of OT services to proficiently address feeding skills that strongly impact a stroke patient’s functional performance, return to the community, and quality of life.

Primary Author and Speaker: Amanda Romano

Additional Authors and Speakers: Charlene Wong, Jeanina Miller

Contributing Authors: Miriam Ringel, Kara Nizolek
Changes in the surface broadband shortwave radiation budget during the 2017 eclipse
Authors: Wen Guoyong , Marshak Alexander , Tsay Si-Chee , Herman Jay , Jeong Ukkyo , Abuhassan Nader , Swap Robert , Wu Dong
Published: September 2020

Abstract. While solar eclipses are known to greatly diminish the visible radiation reaching the surface of the Earth, less is known about the
magnitude of the impact. We explore both the observed and modeled levels of change in surface radiation during the eclipse of 2017. We deployed a pyranometer and Pandora spectrometer instrument to Casper, Wyoming, and Columbia, Missouri, to measure surface broadband shortwave (SW) flux and
atmospheric properties during the 21 August 2017 solar eclipse event. We
performed detailed radiative transfer simulations to understand the role of
clouds in spectral and broadband solar radiation transfer in the Earth's
atmosphere for the normal (non-eclipse) spectrum and red-shift solar spectra
for eclipse conditions. The theoretical calculations showed that the
non-eclipse-to-eclipse surface flux ratio depends strongly on the
obscuration of the solar disk and slightly on the cloud optical depth. These findings allowed us to estimate what the surface broadband SW flux would be
for hypothetical non-eclipse conditions from observations during the eclipse
and further to quantify the impact of the eclipse on the surface broadband
SW radiation budget. We found that the eclipse caused local reductions of
time-averaged surface flux of about 379 W m−2 (50 %) and 329 W m−2 (46 %) during the ∼3 h course of the eclipse
at the Casper and Columbia sites, respectively. We estimated that the Moon's
shadow caused a reduction of approximately 7 %–8 % in global average surface
broadband SW radiation. The eclipse has a smaller impact on the absolute
value of surface flux reduction for cloudy conditions than a clear
atmosphere; the impact decreases with the increase in cloud optical depth. However, the relative time-averaged reduction of local surface SW flux
during a solar eclipse is approximately 45 %, and it is not sensitive to cloud optical depth. The reduction of global average SW flux relative to
climatology is proportional to the non-eclipse and eclipse flux difference
in the penumbra area and depends on cloud optical depth in the Moon's shadow
and geolocation due to the change in solar zenith angle. We also discuss the influence of cloud inhomogeneity on the observed SW flux. Our results not
only quantify the reduction of the surface solar radiation budget, but also advance the understanding of broadband SW radiative transfer under solar
eclipse conditions.
Moisture origin as a driver of temporal variabilities of the water vapour isotopic composition in the Lena River Delta, Siberia
Authors: Bonne Jean-Louis , Meyer Hanno , Behrens Melanie , Boike Julia , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Rabe Benjamin , Schmidt Toni , Schönicke Lutz , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Werner Martin
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In the context of the Arctic amplification of climate
change affecting the regional atmospheric hydrological cycle, it is crucial
to characterize the present-day moisture sources of the Arctic. The
isotopic composition is an important tool to enhance our understanding of
the drivers of the hydrological cycle due to the different molecular
characteristics of water stable isotopes during phase change. This study
introduces 2 years of continuous in situ water vapour and precipitation
isotopic observations conducted since July 2015 in the eastern Siberian Lena
delta at the research station on Samoylov Island. The vapour isotopic
signals are dominated by variations at seasonal and synoptic timescales.
Diurnal variations of the vapour isotopic signals are masked by synoptic
variations, indicating low variations of the amplitude of local sources at
the diurnal scale in winter, summer and autumn. Low-amplitude diurnal
variations in spring may indicate exchange of moisture between the
atmosphere and the snow-covered surface. Moisture source diagnostics based
on semi-Lagrangian backward trajectories reveal that different air mass
origins have contrasting contributions to the moisture budget of the Lena
delta region. At the seasonal scale, the distance from the net moisture
sources to the arrival site strongly varies. During the coldest months, no
contribution from local secondary evaporation is observed. Variations of the
vapour isotopic composition during the cold season on the synoptic timescale
are strongly related to moisture source regions and variations in
atmospheric transport: warm and isotopically enriched moist air is linked
to fast transport from the Atlantic sector, while dry and cold air with
isotopically depleted moisture is generally associated with air masses moving
slowly over northern Eurasia.
Prediction Model for Diffuser Induced Spectral Features in Imaging Spectrometers
Authors: Richter Florian , Keim Corneli , Caron Jérôme , Krauser Jasper , Weise Dennis , Wenig Mark
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Wide-field spectrometers for Earth Observation missions require inflight radiometric calibration, for which the sun can be used as a known reference. Therefor a diffuser is placed in front of the spectrometer in order to scatter the incoming light into the entrance slit and provide homogeneous illumination. The diffuser however, introduces interference patterns known as speckles into the system, yielding potentially significant intensity variations at the detector plane, called Spectral Features. There have been several approaches implemented to characterize the Spectral Features of a spectrometer, e.g. end-to-end measurements with representative instruments. Additionally, in previous publications a measurement technique was proposed, which is based on the acquisition of monochromatic speckles in the entrance slit following a numerical propagation through the disperser to the detection plane. Based on this measurement technique we present a standalone prediction model for the magnitude of Spectral Features in imaging spectrometers, requiring only few input parameters and therefor mitigating the need for expensive measurement campaigns.
Cloud_cci ATSR-2 and AATSR data set version 3: a 17-year climatology of global cloud and radiation properties
Authors: Poulsen Caroline A. , McGarragh Gregory R. , Thomas Gareth E. , Stengel Martin , Christensen Matthew W. , Povey Adam C. , Proud Simon R. , Carboni Elisa , Hollmann Rainer , Grainger Roy G.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. We present version 3 (V3) of the Cloud_cci Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) and Advanced ATSR (AATSR) data set. The data set was created for the European Space Agency (ESA) Cloud_cci (Climate Change Initiative) programme. The cloud properties were retrieved from the second ATSR (ATSR-2) on board the second European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2) spanning 1995–2003 and the AATSR on board Envisat, which spanned 2002–2012. The data are comprised of a comprehensive set of cloud properties: cloud top height, temperature, pressure, spectral albedo, cloud effective emissivity, effective radius, and optical thickness, alongside derived liquid and ice water path. Each retrieval is provided with its associated uncertainty. The cloud property retrievals are accompanied by high-resolution top- and bottom-of-atmosphere shortwave and longwave fluxes that have been derived from the retrieved cloud properties using a radiative transfer model. The fluxes were generated for all-sky and clear-sky conditions.
V3 differs from the previous version 2 (V2) through development of the retrieval algorithm and attention to the consistency between the ATSR-2 and AATSR instruments. The cloud properties show improved accuracy in validation and better consistency between the two instruments, as demonstrated by a comparison of cloud mask and cloud height with co-located CALIPSO data. The cloud masking has improved significantly, particularly in its ability to detect clear pixels. The Kuiper Skill score has increased from 0.49 to 0.66. The cloud top height accuracy is relatively unchanged. The AATSR liquid water path was compared with the Multisensor Advanced Climatology of Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) in regions of stratocumulus cloud and shown to have very good agreement and improved consistency between ATSR-2 and AATSR instruments. The correlation with MAC-LWP increased from 0.4 to over 0.8 for these cloud regions. The flux products are compared with NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data, showing good agreement within the uncertainty. The new data set is well suited to a wide range of climate applications, such as comparison with climate models, investigation of trends in cloud properties, understanding aerosol–cloud interactions, and providing contextual information for co-located ATSR-2/AATSR surface temperature and aerosol products. The following new digital identifier has been issued for the Cloud_cci ATSR-2/AATSRv3 data set: https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/ATSR2-AATSR/V003 (Poulsen et al., 2019).
The fortedata R package: open-science datasets from a manipulative experiment testing forest resilience
Authors: Atkins Jeff W. , Agee Elizabeth , Barry Alexandra , Dahlin Kyla M. , Dorheim Kalyn , Grigri Maxim S. , Haber Lisa T. , Hickey Laura J. , Kamoske Aaron G. , Mathes Kayla , McGuigan Catherine , Paris Evan , Pennington Stephanie C. , Rodriguez Carly , Shafer Autym , Shiklomanov Alexey , Tallant Jason , Gough Christopher M. , Bond-Lamberty Ben
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The fortedata R package is an open data notebook from the Forest Resilience Threshold Experiment (FoRTE) – a modeling and manipulative field experiment that tests the effects of disturbance severity and disturbance type on carbon cycling dynamics in a temperate forest. Package data consists of measurements of carbon pools and fluxes and ancillary measurements to help users analyse and interpret carbon cycling over time. Currently the package includes data and metadata from the first two years of FoRTE, and serves as a central, updatable resource for the FoRTE project team and is intended as a resource for external users over the course of the experiment and in perpetuity. Further, it supports all associated FoRTE publications, analyses, and modeling efforts. This increases efficiency, consistency, compatibility, and productivity, while minimizing duplicated effort and error propagation that can arise as a function of a large, distributed and collaborative effort. More broadly, fortedata represents an innovative, collaborative way of approaching science that unites and expedites the delivery of complementary datasets in near real time to the broader scientific community, increasing transparency and reproducibility of taxpayer-funded science. fortedata is available via GitHub: https://github.com/FoRTExperiment/fortedata and detailed documentation on the access, used, and applications of fortedata are available at: https://fortexperiment.github.io/fortedata/. The first public release, version 1.0.1 is also archived at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3936146 (Atkins et al., 2020b). All level one data products are also available outside of the package as .csv files: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12292490.v3 (Atkins et al. 2020c).
Performance of offline passive tracer advection in ROMS (v3.6,
revision 904)
Authors: Thyng Kristen M. , Kobashi Daijiro , Ruiz-Xomchuk Veronica , Qu Lixin , Chen Xu , Hetland Robert D.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Offline advection schemes allow for low computational cost simulations using existing model output. This study presents the approach and assessment for passive offline tracer advection within the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). An advantage of running the code within ROMS itself is consistency in the numerics on and offline. We find that the offline tracer model is robust: after about 14 days of simulation (almost 60 advection timescales), the skill score comparing offline output to the online simulation using the TS_U3HADVECTION and TS_C4VADVECTION (3rd-order upstream horizontal advection and 4th-order centered vertical advection) tracer advection schemes is 99.6 % accurate for an offline time step 20 times larger than online, and online output saved with a period below the advection timescale. For tracer advection scheme MPDATA, accuracy is more variable with offline time step and forcing input frequency choices, but is still over 99 % for many reasonable choices. Both schemes are conservative. Important factors for maintaining high offline accuracy are: outputting from the online simulation often enough to resolve the advection timescale, forcing offline using realistic vertical salinity diffusivity values from the online simulation, and using double precision to save results.
A novel analytical approach for the simultaneous measurement of nitrate and DOC in soil water
Authors: Yeshno Elad , Dahan Ofer , Bernstain Shoshana , Arnon Shlomi
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In this paper, we present a novel approach, enabling the measurement of nitrate concentrations in natural soil porewater containing natural soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The method is based on UV absorbance spectroscopy, combined with fluorescence spectroscopy, for simultaneous analysis of DOC and nitrate concentrations. The analytical procedure involves deduction of the absorption caused by the DOC from the total absorbance in the UV range that is attributed to both DOC and nitrate in the water solution. The analytical concept has been successfully tested in soil water samples obtained from five agricultural sites, as well as in water samples obtained from a commercial hummus soil mixture. We believe that the new analytical concept can provide a scientific foundation for developing a sensor for real-time nitrate concentration measurements in agricultural soils. As such, it can play a significant role in reducing nitrate pollution in water resources, optimizing input application in agriculture, and decreasing food production costs.
Sonidos y silencios en la ciudad digital: prácticas tecnológicas y espacios sonoros
Authors: Miranda Suárez María J. , González García Marta I.
Published: September 2020

Basándose en los desarrollos recientes en la intersección entre los estudios sobre el sonido y los estudios sobre ciencia y tecnología, este trabajo analiza los procesos de conformación mutua de la industria musical digital y las identidades de consumo en entornos urbanos dominados por la incertidumbre, el miedo y la individualización creciente. El concepto de audiotopía de Kun (2015) es utilizado para analizar los espacios sonoros privados que generan las prácticas de escucha musical mediadas por las tecnologías digitales. Sin embargo, mientras que para Kun las audiotopías son espacios abiertos para imaginar nuevas posibilidades, se defiende que, en el marco del capitalismo digital, resultan en conflictos y contradicciones. Finalmente, se identifican tres paradojas de estas audiotopías urbanas relacionadas, respectivamente, con los sistemas de vigilancia y control del consumo digital, la desarticulación de activismos y la oferta prediseñada de identidades. La multiestabilidad o flexibilidad de los ensamblajes sociotécnicos en la que se dan estas paradojas hace que sea posible explorar nuevos caminos y visibilizar nuevas audiotopías urbanas alternativas.
Disinfection of Orange Seeds to Reduce Citrus Canker Dissemination and Improve Germination
Authors: Akbar Asma , Asad Shehzad , Ahmad Zahoor , Nadeem Azra , Awan Shehla
Published: September 2020

We evaluated chemo and thermotherapy for decontaminating orange seeds against the bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), a quarantine and economically important disease worldwide. We infected orange (cv. Valencia) seeds with bacterial inoculum and studied the potential of three different methods i.e. surface sterilization with bleach, disinfection with plant preservative mixture, and hot water treatment to eliminate the bacteria. Our findings showed that the hot water, bleach (NaOCl), and a commercially available mixture of antifungal and antibacterial compounds known as Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM) were very effective in eliminating most bacterial contamination from orange seeds. Our results also showed that treatment with bleach and hot water treatment enhanced seed germination and seedling vigor. Germination rate ranged from 18.51 to 77.78%, 7.41 to 62.96% and 13.33 to 66.67% for bleach, PPM and hot water treatments, respectively. Seedling height ranged from 4.28 to 6.63cm, 4.17 to 5.94cm and 3.42 to 5.99cm for bleach, PPM and hot water treatment, respectively. Findings of this study will provide impactful and practical methods for an economical and robust seed decontamination method.
Diferencias y similitudes en la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial en Latinoamérica
Authors: Calderón Barahona Gabriela Michelle , Candray Calderón Kevin Menolty , García Landaverde Violeta Marcela , Salinas Guerrero Ruth Elizabeth
Published: September 2020

Cada día muchas personas se esfuerzan por controlar algunas enfermedades como la hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la diabetes mellitus (DM). Sin embargo, tienen grandes obstáculos para alcanzar esta meta; por ejemplo, lograr una adecuada adherencia terapéutica. Existen muchos factores que influyen en dicha adherencia en estas dos enfermedades.El objetivo de este ensayo se basó en identificar diferencias y similitudes en la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con DM e HTA en países latinoamericanos, para lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que consideró factores que inciden de forma positiva o negativa. Se encontró que los porcentajes de adherencia varían en cada país; a pesar de esto, las complicaciones, factores que inciden y las técnicas a implementar, pueden ser las mismas para cada Enfermedad No Transmisible (ENT) sin importar el país. También, se detectó que los factores incidentes en una mala adherencia terapéutica en cada paciente son la base para que a partir de estos se construyan métodos específicos para mejorarla, para controlar la enfermedad y disminuir de esta manera la morbimortalidad. En conclusión, en DM e HTA pueden existir diferencias y similitudes de factores que incidan en la adherencia terapéutica de forma positiva o negativa, pero para mejorar estas condiciones se deberá trabajar con un equipo médico y buena relación médico-paciente para formular estrategias que puedan ayudar al paciente en la lucha para controlar su enfermedad
Performance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed on Six Host Plants: Potential Risks to Mid-high Latitude Crops in China
Authors: Chen Yu , Guo Jingfei , Gao Zupeng , He Kanglai , Bai Shuxiong , Zhang Tiantao , Wang Zhenying
Published: September 2020

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphggous and widespread insect pest. In the study, the biological characteristics and nutritional indices of S. frugiperda fed on six crops, namely corn, sorghum, wheat, soybean, peanut, and cotton, were investigated under laboratory conditions. These crops are cultivated mainly in the mid-high latitude of China. Results showed that S. frugiperda was able to develop and reproduce on all six tested plants. Larvae reared on corn exhibited a significant shorter larval and pupal duration, higher pupal weight, and higher fecundity, which were 16.2 d, 8.9 d, 0.248 g, and 979.4 eggs per female, respectively. The host plant significantly affected relative growth, consumption, and metabolic rates, as well as other nutritional indices. Biology and nutritional indexes suggested that corn was the most suitable host. Besides, peanut, sorghum, and wheat have also been shown to be the suitable hosts for S. frugiperda. Although cotton and soybean were found to be less adequate, high larval and pupal survivors recorded on cotton and soybean leaves have indicated that damage may occur in these plants. This work reveals the damage risk of potential hosts of S. frugiperda, lays the foundation for the design of pest management strategies.
Evaluation of Yeast Potential in the Biological Control of Colletotrichum orbiculare in Cucumber
Authors: Barabasz Renata F. , Silva Rayssa H. da , Sustakowski Monica C. , Kuhn Odair J. , Carvalho Jeferson C. , Zimmermann Juliano , Reis Willian dos , Stangarlin José R. , Zimmermann Poliana S.
Published: September 2020

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the yeasts Candida albicans, Pichia guilliermondii, Rhodotorula glutinis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygoascus hellenicus in the control of anthracnose in cucumbers. The influence of volatile and non-volatile compounds on mycelial growth and the effect of cell suspension and culture filtrate on conidial germination were evaluated. In a greenhouse, yeasts were tested on cucumber cotyledons, one cotyledon being treated and the other not; afterwards both cotyledons were challenged with C. orbiculare. The severity of the disease in both cotyledons was assessed by determining biological control and resistance induction. The production of volatile compounds from the yeasts R. glutinis and C. albicans reduced the pathogen growth by 90.7 and 90.0%, respectively. The production of non-volatile compounds stimulated the pathogen development. Conidia germination was affected when exposed to cell suspension of all tested isolates, ranging from 43 to 75%. For the culture filtrate from Z. hellenicus, it reduced the conidia germination by 11.4%. In the in vivo test, on the treated cotyledon, the yeasts Z. hellenicus, R. glutinis and S. cerevisiae reduced the anthracnose severity by 52.5, 50.0 and 42.5%, respectively.