bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The XMM-Newton/HST View of the Obscuring Outflow in the Seyfert Galaxy Mrk 335 Observed at Extremely Low X-Ray Flux
Authors: Longinotti Anna Lia , Kriss Gerard , Krongold Yair , Arellano-Cordova Karla Z. , Komossa S. , Gallo Luigi , Grupe Dirk , Mathur Smita , Parker Michael L. , Pradhan Anil , Wilkins Dan
Published: April 2019

The Seyfert galaxy Mrk 335 is known for its frequent changes of flux and spectral shape in the X-ray band that occurred during recent years. These variations may be explained by the onset of a wind that previous, noncontemporaneous high-resolution spectroscopy in X-ray and UV bands located at accretion disk scale. A simultaneous new campaign by XMM-Newton and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) caught the source at a historically low flux in the X-ray band. The soft X-ray spectrum is dominated by prominent emission features and by the effect of a strong ionized absorber with an outflow velocity of (5–6) × 103 km s−1. The broadband spectrum obtained by the EPIC-pn camera reveals the presence of an additional layer of absorption by gas at moderate ionization covering ∼80% of the central source, as well as tantalizing evidence for absorption in the Fe K band outflowing at the same velocity of the soft X-ray absorber. The HST Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectra confirm the simultaneous presence of broad absorption troughs in C iv, Lyα, Lyβ, and O vi, with velocities of the order of 5000 km s−1 and covering factors in the range of 20%–30%. Comparison of the ionic column densities and of other outflow parameters in the two bands shows that the X-ray and UV absorbers are likely originated by the same gas. The resulting picture from this latest multiwavelength campaign confirms that Mrk 335 undergoes the effect of a patchy, medium-velocity outflowing gas in a wide range of ionization states that seem to be persistently obscuring the nuclear continuum.
Reaching 90-90-90: Outcomes of a 15-Year Multi-Country HIV Workplace Programme in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Boerma Ragna , Schellekens Onno , Rinke de Wit Tobias F , Wit Ferdinand W , van der Borght Stefaan , Rijckborst Henk , Chukwumah Patrick , Schilthuis Herbert
Published: April 2019

Background

In 2001, an international beverage company implemented an HIV workplace programme providing free antiretroviral treatment (ART) for employees and dependents in sub-Saharan Africa, at a time when ART, cost assessments of ART programmes and related public funding was hardly available. This study describes the outcomes of this programme with respect to achieving the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets in five African countries and analyses trends over the past 15 years.

Methods

Anonymous human resource data were analysed in three cohorts of participants (those enrolling in 2001– 2005, 2006–2010 and 2011–2015).

Results

Over 15 years, 42,490 unique individuals in five African countries were tested for HIV in this programme and 746 (1.8%) were found to be HIV-infected. Between 2002 and 2015, the proportion of HIV-positive participants on ART increased from 42% to 94% and the proportion of participants on ART who achieved virological suppression increased from 38% to 87%.

Conclusions

This study shows that in one of the earliest HIV treatment programmes in Africa long-term success has been achieved, approaching the current UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets, demonstrating that the treatment of HIV in developing countries is possible with superior results at low costs (45 US dollars/employee). Reasons for this success include continuous access to on-site quality care and ART and the assistance of an independent NGO with experience in HIV treatment. This provides an argument to continue private sector involvement in international efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, particularly in light of increased ART targets, under-capacity in the public sector and stagnating international funding.
Sublimation, symptômes et fins de cure : une introduction
Authors: Ledent Didier
Published: April 2019

Ce texte présente une introduction aux concepts de sublimation, symptôme et fin de cure dans une perspective freudienne et lacanienne. Ensuite une articulation entre eux est mise en évidence et ce dans la perspective d’éclairer ce qu’il en est quant à la fin de cure, entendue ici dans son équivoque de finalité et de terminaison.
La sublimation chez Freud
Authors: Lauret Monique
Published: April 2019

La sublimation est une transformation de la pulsion sexuelle, dont la force peut alors se diriger, dans un véritable « travail de la pulsion » vers des buts autres, élevés et valorisés par la société. Ce texte aborde d’abord le parcours d’élaboration de ce concept dans l’œuvre de Freud, qui lui permettra d’étendre le champ de la psychanalyse à l’œuvre d’art et à la création littéraire. Il ouvre ensuite sur l’homme Freud dans ses rapports personnels à la sublimation, ainsi qu’à l’espace de création et ses rapports à l’inspiration, à l’improvisation.
La perlaboration (Durcharbeitung)
Authors: Sédat Jacques
Published: April 2019

En 1914, Freud publie son dernier écrit technique, traduit désormais par  Remémoration, répétition, perlaboration . Le néologisme « perlaboration » adopté depuis 1967 est un terme qui ne définit absolument pas un nouveau concept de sa part. Il s’agit de la phase ultime et décisive du travail analytique, après les processus de remémoration et de répétition, qui marque la fin de la cure et permet au patient de se « frayer son propre chemin ».
La sublimation avec Lacan
Authors: Pickmann Claude-Noële
Published: April 2019

Si Freud a échoué à élever la notion de sublimation à la dignité de concept analytique, Lacan, par son élaboration à long terme, en a d’abord montré l’articulation au réel de la jouissance sous les traits du das Ding freudien. Avant de la dissoudre dans la dimension symptomatique qui définit au plus près le rapport de l’humain au réel du sexe et à celui de la jouissance.
Identification au symptôme et sublimation à la fin de l’analyse et dans le passage à l’analyste
Authors: Porge Erik
Published: April 2019

La question d’une identification au symptôme en fin d’analyse, avec sa part de jouissance individuelle, se réfère à la problématique du non-rapport sexuel, soit d’un rapport « intersinthomatique » entre un homme et une femme. Qu’en est-il de la fonction de la sublimation à ce moment, sachant qu’elle aussi prend son sens de se référer à l’incommensurable du rapport sexuel et, en représentant « la forme même dans laquelle se coule le désir », qu’elle participe à l’advenue du désir de l’analyste ? Nous proposons de soutenir que la sublimation constitue à la fin de l’analyse, et pour qui devient analyste, une articulation borroméenne de la jouissance, du désir et de l’amour.
De quelques empêchements à l’engagement dans une relation amoureuse
Authors: Mansart Marie-Hélène
Published: April 2019

La présentation d’une vignette clinique sera l’occasion de questionner quelques empêchements à l’engagement dans une relation de couple et ce, en se référant au concept de pulsions et de destins pulsionnels tel que l’a développé S. Freud dans son article « Pulsions et destins pulsionnels ».
Le symptôme au service de deux maîtres ?
Authors: Stryckman Nicole
Published: April 2019

Quelles sont les conditions nécessaires pour qu’une cure analytique produise la réduction, voire la levée des symptômes ? Il est nécessaire que les symptômes passent de signe d’une souffrance au statut de symptômes analytiques qui inscrivent les pulsions et désirs d’un sujet. Cela s’effectue conjointement à la mise en acte de la névrose de transfert. Dans ce cadre, l’analysant et l’analyste pourront mettre à l’épreuve les deux maîtres des symptômes que sont les pulsions et les désirs. Deux vignettes cliniques donneront corps r.s.i. à cette désaliénation.
A Review on Cyberattacks
Authors: Saini Gaganjot Kaur , Halgamuge Malka N. , Sharma Pallavi , Purkis James Stephen
Published: April 2019

Research questions remain to be answered in terms of discovering how security could be provided for different resources, such as data, devices, and networks. Most organizations compromise their security measures due to high budgets despite its primary importance in today's highly dependent cyber world and as such there are always some loopholes in security systems, which cybercriminals take advantage of. In this chapter, the authors have completed an analysis of data obtained from 31 peer-reviewed scientific research studies (2009-2017) describing cybersecurity issues and solutions. The results demonstrated that the majority of applications in this area are from the government and the public sector (17%) whereas transportation and other areas have a minor percentage (6%). This study determined that the government sector is the main application area in cybersecurity and is more susceptible to cyber-attacks whereas the wireless sensor network and healthcare areas are less exposed to attack.
The Impact of the Boko Haram Conflict on Education in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Kurawa Gwadabe
Published: April 2019

This chapter examines the impact of the Boko Haram conflict on education. Theoretically, conflict tends to be a dominant and elusive concept. Although it is possible to agree that, in practice, conflict has a positive meaning as there is evidence of this in everyday productive debate, dialogue, and negotiation, the interpretation that emerged in this case is negative, as demonstrated by the violent clash between the Boko Haram Group and the Nigerian armed forces. Therefore, a particular analysis of what this conflict looks like in Northeast Nigeria is presented in this chapter. The chapter also focuses on the threats, especially to education, which have been experienced by the affected community from 2009 to the present day.
Conflict-Induced Migration
Authors: Patrice-Al'om Blessing
Published: April 2019

The negative effect of conflict-induced migration cannot be overemphasized. From overpopulation, unemployment, and then the attendant vices, the economic stability, political stability, and social stability of the host community all come under threat. Worthy of note also is the psychological state of both the fleeing migrants and the members of the receiving host community. In this chapter, the writer explores the possibility of transforming the effects of conflict-induced migration by using human capital development, implemented through the potent tool of film production. This chapter looks at film as a tool for such social stabilization, while exposing the treble nature of film, particularly as juxtaposed against politics, economics, and aesthetics. The writer outlines the results that can be gotten from entertainment education, vocational skill acquisition, and psycho-drama therapeutics to tackle political, economic, and social instability. By analyzing the Rwandan genocide of 1994, through the looking glass of the movie Hotel Rwanda (2004), and attempting in its aftermath to balance out the lingering effects of the genocide, the writer outlines a critical lesson for Nigeria to take cue from while facing her migration-induced conflict troubles.
Responsible and Sustainable Business Model Innovation in the Textile Industry
Authors: Schneider Katja , Arnold Marlen Gabriele
Published: April 2019

The global textile industry offers huge potentials regarding the transformation towards sustainability. These improvements require a facilitation of business model innovations embedding shifting consumer demands. How can the textile industry drive responsible and sustainable business practices in terms of social sustainability? Tackling this question, a qualitative content-based analysis of current literature conducted highlights main themes and concepts on business model innovations, textile industry, and social sustainability. In addition, an exploratory multiple case study design was used. Results show social sustainability patterns are seldom and often linked to external pressures. This chapter proposes a reorientation towards stronger holistic and inclusive approaches for sustainability and reflects on socio-cultural aspects linked to sustainable textile business models. Progressing sustainability in the textile industry needs both a single consideration of environmental and social issues as well as an integrative and systemic perspective in academia as well as in practice.
Detection of Blood-Related Diseases Using Deep Neural Nets
Authors: Rajithkumar B. K.  , Shilpa D. R.  , Uma B. V.
Published: April 2019

Image processing offers medical diagnosis and it overcomes the shortcomings faced by traditional laboratory methods with the help of intelligent algorithms. It is also useful for remote quality control and consultations. As machine learning is stepping into biomedical engineering, there is a huge demand for devices which are intelligent and accurate enough to target the diseases. The platelet count in a blood sample can be done by extrapolating the number of platelets counted in the blood smear. Deep neural nets use multiple layers of filtering and automated feature extraction and detection and can overcome the hurdle of devising complex algorithms to extract features for each type of disease. So, this chapter deals with the usage of deep neural networks for the image classification and platelets count. The method of using deep neural nets has increased the accuracy of detecting the disease and greater efficiency compared to traditional image processing techniques. The method can be further expanded to other forms of diseases which can be detected through blood samples.
CNN Customizations With Transfer Learning for Face Recognition Task
Authors: Chantrapornchai Chantana , Duangkaew Samrid
Published: April 2019

Several kinds of pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNN) exist nowadays. Utilizing these networks with the new classification task requires the retraining with new data sets. With the small embedded device, large network cannot be implemented. The authors study the use of pretrained models and customizing them towards accuracy and size against face recognition tasks. The results show 1) the performance of existing pretrained networks (e.g., AlexNet, GoogLeNet, CaffeNet, SqueezeNet), as well as size, and 2) demonstrate the layers customization towards the model size and accuracy. The studied results show that among the various networks with different data sets, SqueezeNet can achieve the same accuracy (0.99) as others with small size (up to 25 times smaller). Secondly, the two customizations with layer skipping are presented. The experiments show the example of SqueezeNet layer customizing, reducing the network size while keeping the accuracy (i.e., reducing the size by 7% with the slower convergence time). The experiments are measured based on Caffe 0.15.14.
The w-HEALTHQUAL
Authors: Caballero Ana Luisa Godoy , Zamorano Luis Regino Murillo
Published: April 2019

The aim of this chapter is to develop a new scale that adequately measures patients' satisfaction with the healthcare from the user's perspective. Using information reported by patients about their experience and about the importance of certain aspects of primary care, a new measurement instrument is built: the w-HEALTHQUAL. It allows to adequately measuring patients' satisfaction with primary healthcare and is used to identify different areas of satisfaction in the health map of the Spanish region of Extremadura by means of a two-stage cluster analysis. Three groups of patients that differ between them in patients' level of satisfaction are identified, allowing for the categorization of each the centers in the region based on the satisfaction level of the patients they treat. The analysis suggests that a different distribution of healthcare may be needed so that a more effective healthcare can be delivered.
Ability to Advance Knowledge and Capacity to Achieve the Impossible
Authors: Vita-More Natasha
Published: April 2019

This chapter focuses on human achievement as accomplished with the use of technology to explore humanity's most daunting challenges. While ancient Promethean myths echo a threat of the human use of technology, transhumanism offers a social construct to inform and mitigate many impending threats. The aim is to encourage life-long learning—ongoing, voluntary, and self-motivated pursuit of knowledge—through immersive and educational platforms for ethical leadership in a world of rapid change. Notably, there are counter arguments to an intervention of the human condition, which often expose themselves as biases of moral perception that, in due course, fall short. Yet, humans continue to be fueled by curiosity and a need for amelioration to transcend limits. What is lacking and most imminently necessary to deal with the exponentially increasing technology in our midst, and to society's varied perceptions and reactions, is straightforward knowledge and guidance in navigating towards the telos of our humanity.
According to Zoltan Istvan
Authors: Istvan Zoltan
Published: April 2019

Radical science and technology are changing everything around us. The area of transhumanism is growing dramatically in size and impact - and the impact on our species is enormous. In just a decade, many things can change how we live our lives. The upcoming innovation will be amazing. Transhumanists believe that we must protect ourselves from our natural genes, unless they bind us to remain forever as animals. We believe that our outdated instincts can easily tempt us to know right from wrong, practical from impractical. If you look closely, the human body and its biology constantly highlights our many imperfections. Transhumanism seeks to improve the human body through science and technology - that is, to help people develop. This is a strange cultural and philosophical position for a movement. And yet, change is exactly what transhumanism aspires to.
Transhumanism and Innovative Leadership
Authors: Ossiannilsson Ebba S. I.
Published: April 2019

Rethinking leadership at all levels is required to reach the goals of learning and education in 2030 through which learners will take the lead in orchestrating the process and manner of their own learning and in choosing their personal learning journeys. The fourth industrial revolution will continue to change the ways we act, perform, live, work, and learn. Therefore, there is a need for a social revolution that includes the understanding of transhumanism and its effects. The term “cutting edge” does not concern technology as much as it concerns humans. Accordingly, transhumanism is crucial for a sustainable ecosystem of learning with and through technology and digital transformation, which encompasses all levels of institutions—macro, meso, and micro. This chapter is focused on future trends, issues, and challenges in management and leadership as well as on issues and challenges in communication, which is essential in both leadership and smart learning.
Skill Challenge in Bengaluru's Garment Industry
Authors: Peer Karan
Published: April 2019

Karnataka's capital, Bengaluru, is one of the fastest growing garment-producing hubs in the country. Feminization in Bengaluru's garment industry began in the late 1980s, and the phenomenon has been explained in the chapter. There is also a gender-wage gap, with women being paid less for the same work designation as men. The chapter also highlights the skill gaps in the various skill development programs run by the Government of India. Recently, migrant workers from long distant states are drawn to Bengaluru's garment industry. These workers are mostly women who are skilled and recruited through the Government of India's program like Gram Tarang, which is sponsored under Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojna (DDUGKY). The chapter documents the narratives of the city's garment workers. The chapter looks at the skill perspective from gender lens and compares it with the condition of the textile industry in the colonial period. Instances of informal employment industry in the industry have also been located, and linkages with skill development have been drawn.
Teachers' Perspectives Using the Instructional Quality Assessment as a Professional Development Tool
Authors: Candela Amber Grace
Published: April 2019

This chapter will provide readers with an overview of professional development created and enacted to support teachers' selection and implementation of cognitively demanding tasks using the Instructional Quality Assessment as the professional development tool. This case study seeks to give voice to mathematics teachers in third through eighth grades who participated in the professional development as they share their perspectives on using the instructional quality assessment rubrics and structure of professional development. The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of the structure of the professional development, and share the aspects of the professional development the teachers identified as supportive or a hindrance when planning and implementing tasks in their mathematics classrooms. With this information, the article concludes by discussing ideas for future professional development aimed at providing teachers with instructional practices to incorporate into classrooms.
What Do Primary Teachers Take Away From Mathematics Professional Development?
Authors: Martin Christie , Polly Drew , Wang Chuang , Lambert Richard G. , Pugalee David
Published: April 2019

This chapter shares the findings from a year-long professional development (PD) experience, Assessment Practices to Support Mathematics Learning and Understanding for Students (APLUS). The project provided over 80 hours of professional development to primary teachers regarding their use of an internet-based formative assessment system for their students' mathematics achievement. This inductive study used purposeful sampling to explicitly compare data for high fidelity and low fidelity teacher-participants in the professional development project. High fidelity teachers expressed beliefs that formative assessment supported their mathematics teaching, improved their students' learning, and was feasible to carry out in their classrooms. Low fidelity teachers conveyed challenges that prevented them from engaging in the program as intended. Implications for future online professional development designs are to create more activities that foster deeper analysis and reflection, identify high fidelity teachers that could serve as mentors, and provide support for low fidelity teachers.
Technology-Driven Innovative Municipalities
Authors: El-Kholei Ahmed O. , Al Jayyousi Odeh R.
Published: April 2019

The chapter sheds light on the linkages between technology-driven innovation, innovative capabilities, activities, and their impact on innovation performance in Dubai Municipality. The methodology adopted is qualitative research using various sources of data, including reports, academic papers, and a survey of visitors and residents. The chapter aims to depict the relationship among a set of elements that foster innovation in the urban context, which is an integral part of an overarching strategy for mainstreaming public sector innovation. Leadership, culture, and infrastructure are critical determinants for an innovative municipality. A set of policy recommendations concludes the chapter to enhance innovation performance and sustainable innovation in cities by investing in digital transformation, smart infrastructure, and e-governance.
Technologically Driven Legal Framework of Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies
Authors: Ashoor Ahmed , Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: April 2019

Blockchain technology refers to a digital, immutable, distributed ledger that registers completed transactions in a well-ordered manner and near real time. Blockchain security creates a decentralized environment that bars any third-party organization from controlling the cryptographically validated transactions and data. Blockchain technology fosters business innovation by creating a peer-to-peer networking that prevents one central server from accessing as well as processing data belonging to all companies in the network. Cryptocurrency can be defined as a digital asset built to facilitate completed transactions using cryptography. It helps in providing protection to the completed transactions and controlling the creation of additional units of the currency. In the recent years, the application of blockchain technology has been associated with governance. Blockchain governance has been applied in different fields; for example, it can be used to create permanent laws that cannot be violated by any third party.
Investment Decision Process in Oil Economy for Major Oil Exporting and Importing Countries
Authors: Kurtar Hasan , Kapusuzoglu Ayhan , Ceylan Nildag Basak
Published: April 2019

This chapter examines the economies of four major countries, which are Canada, Japan, Russia, and the U.S., in which two of them are oil importers, Japan and Canada, and two of them are oil exporters, Russia and the U.S. The effect of oil price changes differ owing to the country being an oil exporter or importer. Moreover, it should also be considered that the effect on economies of each country is different as each of the countries has different economic and demographic characters specific to itself. Moreover, it should also be considered in the process of investment analysis.
Adhesion Determination of Thin Wear Resistant Coatings
Authors: Hagarová Mária , Jakubéczyová Dagmar , Baranová Gabriela , Eliáš Martin
Published: April 2019

Four hard thin coatings (TiSiN, TiN-CrN multi, AlTiN a WC) were deposited on the WC+Co substrate by cathodic arc deposition. Adhesion test of PVD coatings was evaluated by comparison failure of coating surfaces. The surface features after the Rockwell indentation test were examined by light microscopy. The results showed that the AlTiN and WC coatings exhibited acceptable failure and are appropriate for usage in practice. Unlike them, had TiSiN and TiN-CrN coatings poor adhesion, which resulted in unacceptable failure after Rockwell C test.
Measurement of Modified Surface Properties (Micro-Creep) of Polyamide by Modern Indentation Method
Authors: Ovsik Martin , Stanek Michal , Dockal Adam , Manas Miroslav , Hylova Lenka
Published: April 2019

Good quality of surface layer is an important aspect for correct function and longevity of final product. Surface layer was modified by beta radiation with differing intensity. Radiation caused creation of three dimensional spatial network, that directly leads to improvements of the tested polymer’s (PA11, PA12) surface properties. Surface properties (micro-creep) were measured by micro-indentation test on MHT3 machine. Goal of this paper is to modify the surface layer (by using several different intensities of beta radiation) in a way, that causes increase in resistance against long term stress (micro-creep) in the final product, which is an important property that ensures correct function of the product. The changes in micro-creep were compared and afterwards confirmed by the use of gel test, that showed us what percentage of the whole part was crosslinked.
Analysis of the Problem of Granulated Material Movement in the Production Process
Authors: Bučányová Marcela , Kusa Martina , Matúšová Miriam
Published: April 2019

Plastics are the world's most widely used materials, largely due to their wide-spectrum use and relatively cheap manufacturing of complex shapes. Due to its properties, the use of plastics is possible in all manufacturing sectors. Important aspect of plastic moulding is that the heat passed to granulate is sufficient to properly heat up the plastic mixture. Another important factor is that the plastic mixture is blended as evenly as possible. Heterogeneities could lead to the formation of non-conformances with incorrect colour shades, unevenness of the mass or others. One of the factors that greatly affects the homogeneity of the mixture is the surface treatment of the guides that are designed to transport the granulate and it is important to take care of those lines.
Applicability of Measurements of Local Electrical Parameters in the Modeling of Technological Texture of Ceramic Blanks
Authors: Kozík Tomáš , Minárik Stanislav , Kuna Peter , Kubliha Marián
Published: April 2019

The paper deals with the modeling of the technological texture of the pressed ceramic materials in the radial and axial direction, which consists in the graphical representation and subsequent analysis of the distribution of the electrostatic field potential differences on the surface of the dielectric sample with the diameter d and the thickness h located between the electrodes. In occasion of observing radial texture the electrodes have the cylindrical configuration and in occasion of observing the axial texture in the sample the electrodes have the axial configuration. The theoretical relationship in the paper is derived for the calculation of the voltage values measured at any position between the center electrode and the peripheral electrode, at a constant voltage U applied to the outer and inner electrodes of the dielectric sample of thickness h of the raw ceramic sample material (radial texture). Measurements have demonstrated the suitability of identifying the technological texture by measuring the potential differences on the sample surface which is located between the electrodes in the relation to the technology preparation and to the quality of the fired ceramic production.
Productivity Considerations in Face Milling
Authors: Kundrák János , Molnár Viktor , Deszpoth István , Makkai Tamás
Published: April 2019

The kinematic versions and applied tools of milling allow for the machining of several surfaces and surface combinations, making it a versatile and widely applied procedure. Face milling for cutting is used for the high productivity manufacturing of prismatic components. Naturally, the enhancement of productivity is a primary goal for manufacturing companies; this study analyzes the efficiency of material removal, which directly influences the time parameters characterizing production performed by face milling. The focus of the paper is to identify the selection of technological data (feed, feed rate, cutting speed, diameter of milling head) that can reduce the machining time or increase the values of material removal rate. Cutting experiments were carried out for machining prismatic components from AlSi9Cu3(Fe) aluminum alloy by diamond tools. It was found that within the performance limits of the manufacturing system it is possible to save a significant amount of manufacturing time while retaining the specified geometric accuracy and surface quality of the component.
Effect of Hydrazine on Formation of Bismuth Nanoparticles and its Properties as Pb Sensors
Authors: Teh Jin Jian , Zulkifli Zulfa Aiza , Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor , Nur Syafinaz Ridhuan , Nor Dyana Zakaria , Khairunisak Abdul Razak , Toshiaki Hattori
Published: April 2019

Bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) are of interest in many applications such as imaging, antimicrobial agent, biosensors and electrochemical electrodes. However, synthesis of pure bismuth is difficult as bismuth tend to oxidise and form bismuth oxide that affects its properties. In this work, BiNPs were synthesised using hydrothermal method in an autoclave at 160°C. The effect of hydrazine (N2H4•H2O) volume as reducing and capping agent was studied from 1.0-2.5ml with 3.6 Bi(NO3)3: 4.2 Polysodium 4-Styrene-Sulfonate: 50 H2O (mass ratio). The produced BiNPs was used to modify indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates and tested as electrochemical heavy metal sensors to detect Pb and As. Pure BiNPs were successfully produced in all hydrazine volume. However, size and crystallinity of BiNPs were influenced by volume of hydrazine. Among these changeable compositions, the mass ratio of Bi(NO3)3 to N2H4•H2O is the most important factor to form uniform size and shape of BiNPs. The addition of the reducing agent, N2H4•H2O into the precursor solution promoted the subsequent reduction of Bi(III) and enabled the growth of BiNPs. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.002 mol/L of K3Fe(CN)6 electrolyte showed peak current responses obtained for BiNPs/ITO modified electrodes are larger than the bare ITO electrode, which were attributed to the fact that the electrochemical activities of ITO electrode increased by BiNPs surface modification. Stripping current responses of the Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry measurements were recorded for the determination of Pb(II) after a 300 seconds of deposition time at −1.2 V in 0.002 mol/L of acetate buffer solution with pH 4.5. Sensitivity response for the detection of Pb(II) was achieved in the range from 2.5 to 100 μg/L. The limit of detection (LOD) is 2.5 μg/L for Pb(II).
Growth and Characterization of Tin Sulphide Nanostructured Thin Film by Chemical Bath Deposition for Near-Infrared Photodetector Application
Authors: Mahdi Mohamed S. , Ibrahim Kamarulazizi , Ahmed Naser Mahmoud , Hmood Arshad , Azzez Shrook A.
Published: April 2019

This study involves synthesizing of nanostructured tin sulphide (SnS) thin film on a glass substrate by chemical bath deposition technique. SnS film was prepared using non-toxic trisodium citrate (TSC) as a complex agent. The structural and morphological characteristics of the film were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The XRD pattern confirmed an orthorhombic structure. The FESEM image revealed nanoflakes of the as-prepared SnS thin film. Moreover, near-infrared (NIR) metal semiconductor metal photodetector, which exhibited good photoresponse characteristics under (750 nm) light illumination was fabricated. The photoresponse characteristics also were investigated at different illumination power densities. The photodetector revealed excellent reproducibility and stability characteristics.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Diboride Additions of Bi-2223 on the Microstructure and Superconducting Transition
Authors: Ali Arlina Binti , Shaari Abdul Halim , Chen Soo Kien , Mohamed Julie Juliewatty , Kamal Nurul’ain Mohd , Kechik Mohd Mustafa Awang
Published: April 2019

In this paper, solid state method was using to synthesize the of magnesium diboride (MgB2) added in Bi 1.6Pb 0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3Oδ(Bi-2223) superconductor from 0.00 to 0.10 wt.%. The effect on additions were investigated through X-ray Diffraction (XRD), resistance-temperature (R-T) measurement and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). From the XRD result, volume fraction of Bi-2223 showed the highest volume percentage was 76 % correspond to addition with MgB2=0.02 wt.% and slightly decreased the percentage while increased the additions. From the R-T measurement, all samples showed the metallic behavior in the normal state. Morphology images showed that the grains were flaky plates and the size slightly increased. These results revealed that, additions of magnesium diboride change the microstructure and decrease the superconducting transition.
Funtionalization and Mechanical Propeties of Cotton Fabric with ZnO Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Textile Application
Authors: Tan Lee Yae , Sin Lee Tin , Bee Soo Tueen , Tee Tiam Ting , Ratnam Chantara Thevy , Woo Kwan Kit , Rahmat Abdul Razak
Published: April 2019

Cotton fibre has been widely used for clothing applications since thousand years ago. However, the products made of cotton fibre can be easily deteriorated by microoganisms due to its natural feature and moisture affinity. This will lead to loss of mechanical strength as well as hygiene problems. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have shown antimicrobial effects on many microorganisms. Due to the lack of bonding between ZnO and cotton fabric and improve mechanical strength, PVA is applied onto ZnO and cotton fabric by dip coating. In this study, the presence of ZnO NPs are determined by SEM and XRD. The crystal size of ZnO NPs are approximately 25 ~ 35 nm. The optimum tensile strength occurred at 0.20 M ZnO and 15 g PVA. The antibacterial efficiency against S. aureus is tested by disc diffusion test. It found that increased ZnO NPs and PVA concentration, increased inhibition zone and thus showed good antibacterial activity.
Structural and Morphological Properties of Manganese-Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by Thermal Treatment Route
Authors: Al-Hada Naif Mohammed , Halimah Mohamed Kamari , Shaari Abdul Halim , Saion Elias , Aziz Sidek A. , Mustafa Iskandar Shahrim
Published: April 2019

The capping of manganese–zinc ferrite nanoparticle by polyvinyl pyrrolidone agent has been carried out by a simple thermal treatment route. The obtained nanopowder samples have been given a screening investigation for its elemental composition, structural and morphological behaviour. The observed crystalline phase of manganese–zinc ferrite nanopowder was evidenced by X-ray diffractometer at a calcination temperature of 650 °C with no other impurity phases being detected. The average crystallite size determined from the XRD data and TEM micrographs showed an increasing trend with increasing calcination temperature. The morphological examination revealed that the manganese–zinc ferrite nanoparticle exhibits a uniform shape with enhancement in nanoparticles dispersion as the calcination temperature increased.
Structural and Optical Properties of Er3+- Doped Zinc-Titania Tellurite Glasses
Authors: Baki S.O. , Halimah Mohamed Kamari
Published: April 2019

In the present work, we studied the structural and optical properties of zinc-titania tellurite glass (75-x)TeO2-20ZnO-5TiO2-xEr2O3 doped with erbium ion Er3+ (where mol % : x= 0 (host), 0.5, 1, 1.5). The reported glasses were synthesized using tradition melt quench method. The X-ray diffraction and thermal profile were utilized to study the amorphous nature of the mentioned glass. Optical absorption UV-Visible-NIR spectra were measured for optical energy gap and Er3+ absorption bands analysis. Both visible and near infrared luminescence were performed at room temperature using 980 nm laser diode excitation where the optical transition mechanism of the Er3+ in the glass is finally proposed. Broad luminescence in the present glass suggests its potential for broadband optical application.
Aasta Hansteen Spar FPSO - A Pioneer in Norwegian Deepwater
Authors: Christensen Torolf , Witsøe Stig Arne , Hagen Helge , Haslum Herbjørn
Published: April 2019

This paper describes the overall project execution of the Aasta Hansteen field development.

The Aasta Hansteen Field development in 1300m water depth is the deepest field developed on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). The field is located north of the Arctic circle, in harsh environment, 300km off the coast of Northern Norway, with no other offshore installations in the area.

The Aasta Hansteen field is developed with a floating Spar FPSO, using steel catenary risers and polyester mooring lines. The Aasta Hansteen platform will serve as a hub for future discoveries and field developments in the area.

The rich gas is exported through a 482km long 36" pipeline (Polarled) to an onshore processing plant at Nyhamna for further processing to sales gas. From there the gas is exported to the European market. Stabilized condensate is stored in the Spar FPSO and offloaded to shuttle tankers.
Turret-Moored FPSO Yaw Motions in a Squall-Prone Region
Authors: Naciri Mamoun , Chitrapu Murthy
Published: April 2019

The design of mooring systems in West of Africa is often dominated by squall events. These are episodes of rapidly increasing wind speeds accompanied with sudden and significant wind direction changes. The response of weathervaning systems (offloading tankers moored to an export system or turret moored FPSO’s) to such transient and violent environments is very complex and the subject of an on-going joint industry project. One important parameter in numerical simulations of weathervaning units to squall events is the yaw motion damping model. There is quite a large body of references and insights in yaw damping under steady environmental conditions but hardly any when it comes to responses in squall owing to the transient nature of the event and to its complexity.

Field measurements of the yaw motions of a turret moored unit offshore Angola with concurrent on-board wind measurements are presented. Both quantities are sampled at 1-minute intervals. Time series of aft and fore drafts are also available on a daily basis. These measurements span one decade. A systematic scan of the wind speed time series has been performed to identify, based on the World Meteorological Organization definition, all squall events passing through the asset. The main particulars of the turret-moored FPSO are described along with its station-keeping system and the associated horizontal slow drift motion response time scales.

Systematic analysis of measured yaw motions and velocities has been performed seeking correlations with the hull loading condition at the time of the squall event, its heading prior to the squall and the squall maximum speed and direction range. The main objective of these analyses is to provide factual information that can be used to firm up the yaw damping models used for mooring analyses in squall-prone areas.
High Manganese Steel HMS Technology for Mooring Chains Application
Authors: Verma Neerav , Wasson Andrew , Li Zhen , Sidhar Harpreet , Yue Xin , He Haiping , Jin HyunWoo , Ling Shiun , Jun HyunJo , Ozekcin Adnan
Published: April 2019

Oil and gas industry experiences indicate mooring chain corrosion is a major challenge. Observed corrosion rates in the field can be several times higher than the design allowance. In addition, pitting corrosion is not considered in design but can be significant in service. Pre-emptive chain replacements may be required which are typically very costly. In addition to corrosion, some of the other performance factors for mooring chains include strength, wear resistance, toughness and fatigue resistance. Carbon steel is the conventional material currently employed for mooring chains. There are significant incentives to develop new material technologies with improved seawater corrosion and wear performance for mooring chain application.

This paper describes one such new material technology – High Manganese Steel (HMS), and its assessment for mooring chain application. HMS is a family of alloyed steels that, when optimized, can offer improved properties over conventional carbon steel. Several HMS chemistries were manufactured, on which small scale performance evaluation testing and weldability assessments were carried out. Based on the assessments, these custom HMS alloys show promising results in terms of the performance factors required for mooring chain application.
Design Advancements for FLNG Coil Wound Heat Exchanger Technology
Authors: McConville John , Dally John
Published: April 2019

Floating LNG (FLNG) has led to more compact plant layouts, a move to more modular construction methods, and marinization of traditional land based equipment. These developments have led to advancements in coil wound heat exchanger (CWHE) designs. This includes designing for blast loading, accounting for the fatigue impact of wave induced accelerations, new materials and coating systems for a marine environment, and novel base designs to take advantage of the modular construction. This paper describes these changes and the innovations in design and fabrication that will meet these new requirements and challenges.
Smart Offshore Ecosystem – Enabling a Safe and Sustainable Offshore Environment Utilizing Smart Technology
Authors: Thigpen Joel
Published: April 2019

With continued pressure to reduce costs of offshore developments, coupled with more stringent environmental regulations and a continued focus on safe operations; operators, drilling contractors, and service companies alike, continue to explore different avenues to remove waste within their operations by removing inefficiencies in a safe and environmentally responsible way.

If we take a closer look at other industries, we can find technologies that exist today that can be adopted and adapted to support the offshore O&G industry in these efforts to remove waste. Hybrid power systems, remote operations, digitalization, big data analytics, and automation are just a few of the tools that can drive this sustainable environment. In this paper we will explore these technologies and how their adoption can positively impact the entire offshore environment. The intent is to elicit new thoughts, and ideas of how we can collaborate, as an industry, in creating a safe and sustainable Smart Offshore Ecosystem.
Downhole Data Analysis for Pressure-Pulse-Generating Tool Coupled with a Shock Tool
Authors: Trinh Khoi , Khan Alamzeb , Riddel Jake , Forster Ian , Forrester Stephen
Published: April 2019

High levels of friction, especially in horizontal and extended-reach operations, can be a major concern during sliding or rotating. Friction increases drag, which increases the required torque and weight on bit (WOB), thereby reducing efficiency. Other related issues include excessive tool wear, lower rate of penetration (ROP), and poor directional control. There are several methods used by the industry to combat the torque and drag phenomenon, one of which is the use of a drilling agitator tool (DAT). A DAT is commonly used in extended lateral formations to improve weight transfer to the bit. The operational principal of the DAT is the production of a pressure pulse that causes a repetitive axial motion. A DAT consists of a pulse generator and displacement generator, also known as a shock tool (ST). The system ultimately produces axial oscillation in the drillstring, which helps reduce the effective frictional coefficient regardless of whether the string is sliding or rotating. The DATs are sometimes used in conjunction with standalone STs, which are placed in a remote location where the DAT displacements may be out of range. Standalone STs placed at the bottomhole assembly (BHA) also help isolate downhole dynamics, improving drilling efficiency.

The objective of this study is to see how a DAT and ST combination impacts drilling. Furthermore, a closer look is taken at the impact on the operational drilling efficiency of drillstrings with a DAT and standalone ST. These results are discussed in detail and supported by high-resolution data collected during drilling.

The information presented in this paper can be used to evaluate the performance of DAT and ST combinations, their impact on drilling performance, and their zone of effectiveness. The data analysis presented here also provides an in-depth look into the operation of a DAT and how the BHA below the DAT is impacted by its operation. This study takes data from a novel, small, self-contained tool located directly above and the DAT, ST, and the BHA. This tool measures axial vibration, internal pressure, temperature, and axial displacement, allowing a comparative assessment to be made and delivering information about drilling performance that is otherwise not available via conventional downhole measurement tools. This new measuring tool specializes in collecting high-speed data in memory mode and is dedicated to the analysis of the operation of the DATs.