bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adopting a Parasocial Connection to Overcome Professional Kakoethos in Online Health Information
Authors: Cole Andrew W. , Salek Thomas A.
Published: November 2016

This chapter approaches online ethos rhetorically to argue that professional medical sources (e.g., practitioners, organizations) must overcome a rhetorically constituted kakoethos in order to influence online health information seekers. Professional medical source kakoethos is established through a lack of identified, authentic personal experience with specific medical conditions, and health information message content that focuses exclusively on the science behind the condition. Conversely, lay health information sources fashion ethos through identifying personal experience with specific medical conditions, and employing emotionally supportive messages. The result is an online health rhetoric appearing credible and authentic. Rhetorically crafting a parasocial connection to online health information seekers may offer a means for professional medical sources to overcome the kakoethos established through lack of personal experience.
Revenge of Cecil the Lion
Authors: Novak Alison N.
Published: November 2016

Digital media has seen a proliferation of Third-Party Review Sites (TPRS) that encourage the public to comment and reflect on their interactions and experiences with a retailer, brand, or company. Sites like Yelp build massive audiences based on their credibility as authentic, accurate, external reviewers. This study looks at how the co-opting of TPRS pages by advocates and protesters influences public perceptions of credibility on these sites. Specifically, it explores the public's reaction to Yelp as a digital space of protest after the death of Cecil the Lion at the hands of a Minnesota dentist. Through focus groups, this study identifies that TPRS audiences look for consistency in reviews to determine credibility; the public sees advocacy as harming the credibility of the overall site; current events play a role in the interpretation of TPRS; and the intentions of users is key to building a reputation as credible in digital media.
The Rise of the Modern Sports Article
Authors: Sadri Sean R.
Published: November 2016

The evolution of online media has brought forth a new age of fandom online for sport enthusiasts with access to hundreds of new sports articles daily. This chapter touches on the perceived credibility of the modern sports article and provides evidence from scholarly studies, including the author's own sports credibility study. The study examines how article source, medium, fan identification, and user comment tone can all impact the credibility of a sports article. Study participants were randomly assigned to read a sports article in 1 of 12 stimuli groups. The article source was indicated to have appeared on a mainstream sports website, a sports blog, a social networking site, or a wire service as well as with positive comments, negative comments, or without comments. Analysis revealed that fan identification level was an important factor in credibility ratings as highly identified fans found the article to be significantly more credible than low identification fans as a whole. The study implications and factors influencing the credibility of an online sports article are explored.
Breastfeeding, Authority, and Genre
Authors: Lukowski Alison A. , Sparby Erika M.
Published: November 2016

This chapter is concerned with women's mis- or underrepresentation in knowledge creation, particularly when it comes to their bodies. In this chapter, the authors examine how Wikipedia's generic regulations determine that women's often experiential ethos is unwelcome on the site. Thus, women are often unable to construct knowledge on the “Breastfeeding” entry; their epistemological methods are ignored or banned by other contributors. This chapter also examines six breastfeeding-focused mommyblogs, proposing blogs as an alternative genre that welcomes women's ethos. However, the authors also recognize that such blogs are not a perfect epistemological paradigm. The chapter closes with an examination of the implications of this work for academic collaboration across fields and for women's agency.
Social Media as a New Emerging Tool of Marketing
Authors: Khasawneh Rawan T.
Published: November 2016

During the fast growth of social media, the ways companies usually use in their marketing are changed; social networks became a great approach for companies to improve their communication with customers. The wide usage of social networking sites and tools by individuals makes companies want to think carefully on how they can benefit from such usage in rebuilding their relationship with customers and increasing their engagement level. Such companies found that social media marketing is the solution through which companies and their customers will become much closer. This chapter covers three main sections where traditional marketing and electronic marketing concepts are reviewed in the first section. Then a detailed exploration of social networks and their distinct features is presented in the second section. Finally a discussion of social network marketing tools and its related technologies is explored in the third section.
The Effect of Social Networks on Branding
Authors: Nouala Meriem , Mekki Marwa Imene , Ezzine Abdelmadjid
Published: November 2016

The Internet is currently the largest computer network in use. Because everyone can use it, and join the network. The main role is that the internet allows to exchange information freely. Corporate communication modes jostled following the advent of the internet and more specifically social networking. Many victims of online business communication crisis affecting sustainably their brand. A real challenge for today's companies needs to understand the characteristics of these new media and to establish an effective communication strategy in order to maintain and improve its image among its customers. This research looks at whether social networks have an effect on the brand image. Several dimensions for assessing this concept will be identified through an empirical study.
Can the Usage of Social Media Increase the Gregariousness of the Family to Grow Successful Family-Owned Businesses?
Authors: Mupepi Mambo Governor , Taruwinga Patience , Al-Rabayah Wafaa A.
Published: November 2016

The objective of the study was to collect data from family owned enterprises to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of social media as a strategy to grow the useful business and to determine the subscription of family owned entities to social networking. The methodology included data collected from a total of 68 family owned firms 30 in the USA and 38 in Africa SADC countries. Monkey survey tools were deployed to collect data. Results show that those companies that subscribed to social media were more successful than those that did not. Certain social networks were much more useful than others and that it was not always important to have a website but useful to have a social network. The debut of the popular Facebook was received with mixed views by many organizations but its subscription by many organizations demonstrate its usefulness as a tool to grow a business. The recommendations are that it is important for a family owned business to subscribe to a social network as a strategy to advance productivity.
Promoting Greater Interactivity and Participative Learning through Collaborative and Virtual Learning Space
Authors: Lim Chee Leong , Tang Siew Fun
Published: November 2016

With the implementation of various innovations and transformative learning and teaching practices, Taylor's University continues to serve as the torchbearer in the sphere of private tertiary education in Malaysia. Since 2012, Taylor's University has embarked on an ambitious journey to re-define student learning for better academic outcomes. The effective use of LMS (Learning Management System) or better known as TIMeS (Taylor's Integrated Moodle e-learning System) @ Taylor's University has yielded highly engaging learning opportunities for students to learn at anytime and anywhere. It is Taylor's University's aim to be in the cutting edge of technology and to implement the finest learning design for its students as the university realizes that learning space plays an important role in producing work-ready graduates.
A New Partnership in Doctoral Education in Business Administration
Authors: Richman Florence , Sloboda Brian W.
Published: November 2016

The existence of doctoral programs in business since the 1960s has advanced the knowledge of business both academically and practically that enabled a wide dissemination of research in management, finance, accounting, marketing, and leadership. However, pursuing a doctoral degree in business should support students pursuing a range of professional paths that includes positions in academia and outside of academia. That is, training in doctoral business training should encourage doctoral business students to develop new career paths that bridges business and the academy. Despite the selection of the traditional or the professional doctoral degree, the expectations of the graduates differ, and these expectations affect the administration of the doctoral program. The focus of this chapter is to examine the need for an evolution of doctoral education models in business administration to make the doctoral education more accessible while providing high quality teaching and research to business schools and making societal contributions.
T-MALL-Integrated Model of Engagement for Student-Driven Learning
Authors: Gabarre Cécile , Gabarre Serge , Din Rosseni
Published: November 2016

Communications in the foreign language classroom are entangled in both the learners' cultural values and the target language's and hindered by the lack of naturalistic practice outside of the classroom (Crawford-Lange & Lange, 1987). This research is a qualitative action research which is situated within a longitudinal perspective with the aim of understanding the factors arising from the learning environment contributing to increase active engagement in the classroom. Malaysian undergraduates majoring in French as a foreign language are the sample to conduct this research as they faced motivational issues due to linguistic and cultural gap between their target and native languages. The t-MALL environment stimulated and sustained the students' engagement and the analysis of video recordings revealed marked improvements in spontaneous participations. The encouraging results in terms of students' engagement, coping strategies and proficiency achievements validated the fitness of t-MALL in enhancing the learning environment within the research context.
Facilitating Meaningful Reading and Writing Practices in Urban Schools through Student-Generated Literacy Initiatives
Authors: Katz Anne
Published: November 2016

The Teens for Literacy program at a Title I school in downtown Savannah provides a forum for students to empower their peers and their community regarding the importance of literacy. Over the past four years, the author has had the honor of serving as faculty advisor for the project, which is a partnership between the university and school. The author collaborates with school counselors, the librarian, the Instructional Coordinator, and the principal to facilitate the initiative. A leadership team of thirteen middle school students in grades 6-8 generates ideas for promoting literacy among their peers. Student leaders have produced multiple editions of school-wide newspapers with topics they have selected; composed play vignettes spotlighting the importance of reading and writing; launched a blog with book reviews to promote summer reading among the student body; introduced a local Children's Book Festival author to the school community; established a pen pal exchange with students in Haiti; and inaugurated a school-wide poetry initiative, among other initiatives. As the year evolves, university undergraduate and graduate students are invited to serve as volunteers/mentors for various literacy projects. A Shadowing Day is held on the college campus each spring to introduce students to collegiate life.
Rural Mental Health Workforce Development in Hawai'i and the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands
Authors: Hill Christopher W. S. , Withy Kelley
Published: November 2016

Working in Hawai'i and the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands presents unique challenges and opportunities for mental health workforce development. This chapter presents previous, current, and future efforts aimed at not only increasing the size of the workforce but also developing a better trained workforce for existing professionals. The authors draw from their experiences at the Hawaii/Pacific Basin Area Health Education Centers (AHEC), one of the only organizations performing medical, public health, and mental health workforce development across the Pacific Region, to explore culturally appropriate initiatives and interventions. Programs targeting a range of audiences from youth to adults, students to professionals, and patients/clients to caregivers are discussed. The chapter emphasizes health career pathway programs for youth and young adults wishing to enter the health workforce and a variety of educational development and continuing education opportunities for professionals. Specific mental health workforce initiatives are described.
Mental Health and Addiction Workforce Development in Australia
Authors: McKay Roderick , Coombs Tim , Anderson Julie M.
Published: November 2016

This chapter explores the drivers and outcomes of mental health and addiction workforce development in Australia. In contrast to many countries, these workforces remain largely separate in Australia. Large investments have been made at national, state, and local levels; with resources and programs developed that are worthy of international attention. However, many still question the outcomes of these investments in light of evidence of ongoing unmet need and variations in care. Great hopes are being placed in new workforces, including peer workers, vocationally qualified coaches, and e-mental health technicians. Much rides on the outcomes of these initiatives.
Human Resources for Mental Health in Low and Middle Income Countries
Authors: Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Tabassum Reshman , Colet Paolo C , Cruz Jonas Preposi , Dey Sukhen , Rawal Lal B. , Islam Anwar
Published: November 2016

Mental disorders are a major public health challenge globally, contributing to 40% of the global burden of disease. Nevertheless, it remains highly neglected by health planners and policy makers, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Bangladesh, one of the low-income countries, suffers from a severe shortage of appropriately trained and an adequate number of human resources to provide mental health care. The authors reviewed available evidence on the dynamics of mental health services in LMIC like Bangladesh, with a view to help develop appropriate policies on human resources. This chapter critically examines the current situation of human resources for mental health in Bangladesh, and explores ways to further strengthen human resources so as to enhance mental health services in the country.
Developing a Culturally Competent Workforce that Meets the Needs of Pacific People Living in New Zealand
Authors: Pulotu-Endemann Fuimaono Karl , Faleafa Monique
Published: November 2016

This chapter provides an overview of innovative Pacific workforce development initiatives. Pacific people have higher rates of mental illness, substance abuse, and suicide attempts, as well as lower rates of service access compared to New Zealand's general population. Pacific families also tend to have high and complex mental health needs, traditional cultural worldviews that are different from the dominant western mental health paradigms, and a workforce with severe under-representation of Pacific people. National non-government organization (NGO) Le Va, was established to reduce ethnic disparities in the access to, and quality of mental health and addictions services, through a targeted workforce development strategy to achieve better outcomes for Pacific people. This chapter specifically describes three of Le Va's programmes designed to increase Pacific workforce capacity and capability, and cultural competency of the “mainstream” workforce. These include cultural competency training, effective upskilling and growth through scholarships and support, and leadership development.
Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum Content Focuses on Emerging Issues that Influence Health
Authors: Bingham Helen Mary
Published: November 2016

Undergraduate education content could hold the key to nursing workforce development. A professional's attitudes and beliefs are developed during these years, along with the ability to use knowledge and skills to promote mental health and well-being, and work with people experiencing mental health and addiction issues. Historically undergraduate education has targeted the support of illness as opposed to developing and supporting health and well-being. In the past decade research shows there is a close relationship between mental illness and addiction with physical health and early brain development. This chapter explores how the Modern Apprenticeship nursing curriculum prepares undergraduate nurses to critically think about a person or family's health at every encounter using a biopsychosocial framework by understanding that all of health is connected and the development of the brain in the early years is key to health and well-being.
The Emerging Field of Peer Support within Mental Health Services
Authors: St George Lisa Carol , O'Hagan Mary , Bradstreet Simon , Burge Michael
Published: November 2016

The Centre for Medicaid Services has identified that “peer support services are an evidence-based mental health model of care” (2007, August 15, p. 1). Although an evidence-based practice, peer support remains an emerging discipline in mental health. Peer supporters help individuals seeking mental wellness by inspiring hope, using their recovery story, and by developing mutual relationships. Peer supporters believe in each individual's ability to recover. They know recovery is possible, because they have experienced it themselves. Understanding what peer support is, and how peer supporters work within their unique discipline is important to those wishing to include peer supporters in their service systems. Peer support is more than simply sharing stories; systems guided by licensing requirements and quality management teams require effective, well-trained individuals, with lived experience to work within peer support. With effective training, and a strong footing in their own recovery, peer supporters can be exceptional contributors within behavioral health systems of care.
Workforce Development in the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Sector
Authors: Lawson Rachel , Dunnachie Bronwyn
Published: November 2016

Eating disorders are serious illnesses with both physical and psychological symptoms. In the case of anorexia nervosa, the evidence suggests the earlier one identifies and treats the illness, the greater the chance of full recovery. In 2010 the New Zealand Ministry of Health provided funding to roll out the evidence based, Family Based Therapy (also known as Maudsley Family Based Therapy [MFBT]), treatment for anorexia nervosa, to specialist eating disorders services and clinicians in child and family services. The main focus of this chapter is the planning behind the implementation and sustainability processes, the evaluation, and the initial outcomes of the implementation of MFBT. Finally, lessons learned and recommendations from the implementation process will be outlined.
Combinatory Christology
Authors: Evers Dirk
Published: November 2016

This article aims to present Christology not as an add-on to monotheism, but as its specific Christian form. What Christ means can only be explained with reference to God and vice versa; what God stands for in a Christian sense has to be explained with reference to Jesus Christ and not with reference to generic religious terms. Christology thus informs and forms the Christian understanding of how to relate God and reality. Therefore, Christology has to be developed as combinatory Christology bringing different dimensions of reality including scientific and evolutionary perspectives into creative interplay. Theology is an ‘art of combination’ (Dalferth 1991:18), which in ever new ways relates traditions of faith with theoretical and historical knowledge in order to find relevant ways of understanding God’s presence in the world, to articulate the Christian faith in a meaningful way and to form our ways of living in such a way as to conform to God’s passion for the life of God’s creatures. This article wants to lay grounds for such an endeavour by re-evaluating the history of Christology and combining this analysis with present day challenges.
A panorama of portraits: Elements of empathy in the Yiddish poems of David Fram
Authors: Frankel Hazel
Published: November 2016

David Fram created a rich body of poetry in his mother tongue, Yiddish. This article offers detailed readings that reflect elements of empathy in his poetic responses to people he knew in Lithuania, in those referring to the strangers he encountered in South Africa, as well as to victims of the Holocaust. In making the poems available to a wider audience through my translations and transliterations, I argue for their continued relevance as vehicles for a deeper understanding of these issues.
How can mountaintop CO2 observations be used to constrain regional
carbon fluxes?
Authors: Lin John C. , Mallia Derek V. , Wu Dien , Stephens Britton B.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Despite the need for researchers to understand terrestrial biospheric carbon fluxes to account for carbon cycle feedbacks and predict future CO2 concentrations, knowledge of these fluxes at the regional scale remains poor. This is particularly true in mountainous areas, where complex meteorology and lack of observations lead to large uncertainties in carbon fluxes. Yet mountainous regions are often where significant forest cover and biomass are found – i.e., areas that have the potential to serve as carbon sinks. As CO2 observations are carried out in mountainous areas, it is imperative that they are properly interpreted to yield information about carbon fluxes. In this paper, we present CO2 observations at 3 sites in the mountains of the Western U.S., along with atmospheric simulations that attempt to extract information about biospheric carbon fluxes from the CO2 observations, with emphasis on the observed and simulated diurnal cycles of CO2. We show that atmospheric models can systematically simulate the wrong diurnal cycle and significantly misinterpret the CO2 observations, due to erroneous atmospheric flows as a result of terrain that is misrepresented in the model. This problem depends on the selected vertical level in the model and are exacerbated as the spatial resolution is degraded, and our results indicate that a fine grid spacing of ~ 4 km or less may be needed to simulate a realistic diurnal cycle of CO2 for sites on top of the steep mountains examined here in the American Rockies. In the absence of higher resolution models, we recommend coarse-scale models to focus on assimilating afternoon CO2 observations on mountaintop sites over the continent to avoid misrepresentations of nocturnal transport and influence.
The role of Phragmites in the CH4 and CO2 fluxes in a minerotrophic peatland in southwest Germany
Authors: van den Berg Merit , Ingwersen Joachim , Lamers Marc , Streck Thilo
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Peatlands are interesting as a carbon storage option, but are also natural emitters of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). Phragmites peatlands are particularly interesting due to the global abundance of this wetland plant (Phragmites australis) and the highly efficient internal gas transport mechanism, which is called humidity-induced convection (HIC). The research aims were to (1) clarify how this plant-mediated gas transport influences the CH4 fluxes, (2) which other environmental variables influence the CO2 and CH4 fluxes, and (3) whether Phragmites peatlands are a net source or sink of greenhouse gases. CO2 and CH4 fluxes were measured with the eddy covariance technique within a Phragmites-dominated fen in southwest Germany. One year of flux data (March 2013–February 2014) shows very clear diurnal and seasonal patterns for both CO2 and CH4. The diurnal pattern of CH4 fluxes was only visible when living, green reed was present. In August the diurnal cycle of CH4 was the most distinct, with 11 times higher midday fluxes (15.7 mg CH4 m−2 h−1) than night fluxes (1.41 mg CH4 m−2 h−1). This diurnal cycle has the highest correlation with global radiation, which suggests a high influence of the plants on the CH4 flux. But if the cause were the HIC, it would be expected that relative humidity would correlate stronger with CH4 flux. Therefore, we conclude that in addition to HIC, at least one additional mechanism must be involved in the creation of the convective flow within the Phragmites plants. Overall, the fen was a sink for carbon and greenhouse gases in the measured year, with a total carbon uptake of 221 g C m−2 yr−1 (26 % of the total assimilated carbon). The net uptake of greenhouse gases was 52 g CO2 eq. m−2 yr−1, which is obtained from an uptake of CO2 of 894 g CO2 eq. m−2 yr−1 and a release of CH4 of 842 g CO2 eq. m−2 yr−1.
The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) contribution to CMIP6: investigation of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO2 forcing
Authors: Gregory Jonathan M. , Bouttes Nathaelle , Griffies Stephen M. , Haak Helmuth , Hurlin William J. , Jungclaus Johann , Kelley Maxwell , Lee Warren G. , Marshall John , Romanou Anastasia , Saenko Oleg A. , Stammer Detlef , Winton Michael
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) aims to investigate the spread in simulations of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO2 forcing by atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). It is particularly motivated by the uncertainties in projections of ocean heat uptake, global-mean sea-level rise due to thermal expansion and the geographical patterns of sea-level change due to ocean density and circulation change. FAFMIP has three tier-1 experiments, in which prescribed surface flux perturbations of momentum, heat and freshwater respectively are applied to the ocean in separate AOGCM simulations. All other conditions are as in the pre-industrial control. The prescribed fields are typical of pattern and magnitude of changes in these fluxes projected by AOGCMs for doubled CO2 concentration. Five groups have tested the experimental design with existing AOGCMs. Their results show diversity in the pattern and magnitude of changes, with some common qualitative features. Heat and water flux perturbation cause the dipole in sea-level change in the North Atlantic, while momentum and heat flux perturbation cause the gradient across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) declines in response to the heat flux perturbation, and there is a strong positive feedback on this effect due to the consequent cooling of sea-surface temperature in the North Atlantic, which enhances the local heat input to the ocean. The momentum and water flux perturbations do not substantially affect the AMOC. Heat is taken up largely as a passive tracer in the Southern Ocean, which is the region of greatest heat input, while the weakening of the AMOC causes redistribution of heat towards lower latitudes. Future analysis of these and other phenomena with the wider range of CMIP6 FAFMIP AOGCMs will benefit from new diagnostics of temperature and salinity tendencies, which will enable investigation of the model spread in behaviour in terms of physical processes as formulated in the models.
Evaluation of soil moisture in CMIP5 simulations over contiguous United States using in situ and satellite observations
Authors: Yuan Shanshui , Quiring Steven M.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of soil moisture simulations in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) extended historical experiment (2003 to 2012). Soil moisture from in situ and satellite sources are used to evaluate CMIP5 simulations in the contiguous United States (CONUS). Both near-surface (0–10 cm) and soil column (0–100 cm) simulations from more than 14 CMIP5 models are evaluated during the warm season (April–September). Multi-model ensemble means and the performance of individual models are assessed at a monthly time scale. Our results indicate that CMIP5 models can reproduce the seasonal variability in soil moisture over CONUS. However, the models tend to overestimate the magnitude of both near-surface and soil-column soil moisture in the western U.S. and underestimate it in the eastern U.S. There are large variations in model performance, especially in the near-surface. There are significant regional and inter-model variations in performance. Results of a regional analysis show that in deeper soil layer, the CMIP5 soil moisture simulations tend to be most skillful in the southern U.S. Based on both the satellite-derived and in situ soil moisture, CESM1, CCSM4 and GFDL-ESM2M perform best in the 0–10 cm soil layer and CESM1, CCSM4, GFDL-ESM2M and HadGEM2-ES perform best in the 0–100 cm soil layer.
Automated Analysis of Orthopaedic X-ray Images based on Digital-Geometric Techniques
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Oishila , Biswas Arindam , Bhattacharya Bhargab B.
Published: November 2016

This thesis reports several methods for automated analysis and interpretation of bone X-ray images. Automatic segmentation of the bone part in a digital X-ray image is a challenging problem because of its low contrast against the surrounding flesh. In this thesis, we propose a fully automated X-ray image segmentation technique, which is based on a variant of entropy measure of the image. We have also analyzed the geometric information embedded in the long-bone contour image to identify the presence of abnormalities in the bone and perform fracture detection, fracture classification, and bone cancer diagnosis.
Cena cosplay: comunicação, consumo, memória nas culturas juvenis
Authors: Cuba Rosana da Silva
Published: November 2016

Resenha da obra:Cena cosplay: comunicação, consumo, memória nas culturas juvenis/ organizado por Mônica Rebecca Ferrari Nunes. - - Porto Alegre: Sulina, 2015.
La derecha también ríe. El humor gráfico en la revista El Caudillo de la Tercera Posición
Authors: Besoky Juan Luis
Published: November 2016

Este trabajo presenta un estudio del humor gráfico de la revista peronista El Caudillo de la Tercera Posición.Esa revista fue editada entre 1973 y 1975 como un semanario de información política y se convirtió en una publicación emblemática del peronismo de derecha. De allí se combatió y denunció la “infiltración”de la izquierda. Desde sus primeros números incluyó una sección fija de humor con caricaturas y tiras cómicas. Es a través del análisis de la sección de humor que se hace posible entender la cultura política de la derecha peronista y los estereotipos que esta construyó sobre sus enemigos. Palabras clave: Humor; Derecha; Anticomunismo; Peronismo.
À Sombra do Precursor: produção e recepção da obra O Negro no Pará, de Vicente Salles
Authors: Mafra Alessandra
Published: November 2016

Este artigo objetiva analisar o contexto de produção e a recepção da clássica obra O Negro no Pará sob o regime da escravidão, lançada por Vicente Salles (1931-2013) em 1971, a partir da premissa de que a compreensão de um intelectual polígrafo como Salles pode ser interpretada através de momentos-chave, e não necessariamente lineares, de sua trajetória profissional, como sugere Pierre Bourdieu. Trajetória, esta, assentada nos estudos sobre o negro, o folclore e a música na Amazônia. Lançando mão da teoria de Stuart Hall sobre a recepção, as formas comunicativas e as práticas discursivas – sobretudo a relação entre o produtor-codificador e os receptores-decodificadores –, analisa-se um conjunto diversificado de fontes como as cartas trocadas por Vicente Salles com outros intelectuais paraenses, jornais e entrevistas realizadas com o intelectual ora examinado. Palavras-chave: O Negro no Pará; Vicente Salles; Intelectuais - Amazônia; Produção-Codificação; Recepção-Decodificação.
Ciência e hereditariedade na história de um assassino em série: em busca do gene perdido de Febronio
Authors: Carvalho Leonardo Dallacqua de , Souza Breno Sabino Leite de
Published: November 2016

Este artigo pretende analisar a relação entre alcoolismo e hereditariedade a partir do estudo de caso do conhecido assassino em série da década de 1920, Febronio Indio do Brasil. Inicialmente, pretendemos mostrar o desenvolvimento da conduta criminal de Febronio no periódico Correio da Manhã e a construção da imagem de um indivíduo propenso à criminalidade. Tal questão nos levará à análise do Boletim Anti-alcoolico que, em circulação em 1929, explicaria a condição de Febronio por consequência do alcoolismo paterno, gestando um indivíduo propenso à criminalidade. Assim, características hereditárias foram apontadas como causadoras de seu desvio de conduta. Portanto, observaremos os discursos médicos e científicos da época na tentativa de explicar a hereditariedade de Febronio e suas motivações criminais, principalmente em vista de discurso de um campo mais amplo composto por médicos, antropólogos e cientistas que desenvolveram trabalhos na área de criminologia, um interesse recorrente no pensamento científico do período. Palavras-chave: BRASIL, Febronio Indio do; Alcoolismo e crime; Hereditariedade; Assassinos; Homicidas em série.
Reflexões sobre o Humor Contemporâneo - uma entrevista com Oscar Steimberg
Authors: Pires Maria da Conceição Francisca , Burkart Mara
Published: November 2016

Oscar Steimberg é um dos mais destacados acadêmicos argentinos. Semiólogo e escritor, foi Presidente da Asociación Argentina de Semiótica, é professor emérito da Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) e, atualmente, diretor de Posgrado da Área Transdepartamental de Crítica de Artes, da Universidad Nacional de las Artes (IUNA). Autodeclarado discípulo de Oscar Masotta e Eliseo Veron, foi um dos primeiros intelectuais argentinos a desenvolver reflexões sobre Patoruzú, Mafalda, Langostino e Isidor. Suas pesquisas sobre linguagens artísticas e midiáticas foram publicadas a partir de 1968 em livros e revistas por editoras da Argentina, Brasil, México, Estados Unidos, França, Itália, Alemanha e Bélgica. Entre seus livros destacam-se: Cuerpo sin armazón, Editores Dos, Buenos Aires, 1970; Leyendo historietas: estilos y sentidos en un “arte menor”, Ed. Nueva Visión, Buenos Aires, 1977;  Majestad, etc., poesía, libro, Ediciones Tierra Baldía, Buenos Aires, l980; La recepción del género, UNLZ, Buenos Aires, 1988; Estilo de época y comunicación mediática, en colaboración con Oscar Traversa, Ed. Atuel, Buenos Aires, 1997; Semiótica de los medios masivos, primera edición, 1993 e última edição corrigida, Ed. Atuel, Buenos Aires, 2000; Gardel y la zarina, Libros de tierra firme, Buenos Aires, 1995; Figuración de Gabino Betinotti, Editorial Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, 1999; El viaje y la utopía, edición de trabajos de investigadores de las universidades de Buenos Aires y Bologna, en colaboración con Vita Fortunati, Atuel, 2001; El pretexto del sueño, Buenos Aires, Ed. Santiago Arcos, 2005; Posible patria y otros versos, El suri porfiado ediciones, Buenos Aires, 2007; El volver de las imágenes. Mirar, guardar, perder, compilación con Oscar Traversa y Marita Soto, La Crujía, Buenos Aires, 2008; Semióticas. Las semióticas de los géneros, de los estilos, de la transposición, Buenos Aires, Eterna Cadencia Editora, 2013; e Leyendo historietas. Textos sobre relatos visuales y humor gráfico, Buenos Aires, Eterna Cadencia Editora, 2013.
Pulmonary puzzle: A rare case of dysphagia
Authors: Sinha Roy S , Koegelenberg Coenraad F N , Isusen E M
Published: November 2016

A 58-year-old man presented with a longstanding history of dysphagia and sensation of something lodged in the back of his throat. He had no significant past medical history, was a smoker (30 pack-years) and used >60 units of alcohol per week. A physical examination was unremarkable. The patient was referred to the respiratory clinic at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, by a specialist physician who was concerned about the patient’s abnormal chest radiograph (Fig. 1). The chest radiograph showed that the normal left-sided aortic arch and the usual companion descending aorta were absent. The arch coursed to the right with the descending aorta also on the right. A computed tomography (CT) scan (Figs 2 and 3) and reconstructions (Figs 4 and 5) confirmed the right-sided aortic arch with a retrooesophageal aberrant left subclavian artery and formation of a Kommerell’s diverticulum at the origin. In the absence of major complications, he was managed conservatively.
Research Trends of Inland Terminals: A Literature Review
Authors: Rožić Tomislav , Rogić Kristijan , Bajor Ivona
Published: November 2016

Inland terminals are becoming an increasingly important factor for disburdening port storage capacities and the expansion of the port gravitational areas. The above defines inland terminals as facilities with prolonged activities of seaports, or an integral part of the port. Due to increased interest in the development of inland terminals, the literature in the field of inland terminals since the beginning of its research (1980) to the latest research in 2015 has been analysedand revised. The review will summarize the literature related to development, classification, technological processes and location of inland terminals. In the end, the paper identifies a new proposition for further research based on the current trends and developments in inland terminals as an important factor of intermodal transport.
Integration of Transport-relevant Data within Image Record of the Surveillance System
Authors: Stančić Adam , Grgurević Ivan , Kavran Zvonko
Published: November 2016

Integration of the collected information on the road within the image recorded by the surveillance system forms a unified source of transport-relevant data about the supervised situation. The basic assumption is that the procedure of integration changes the image to the extent that is invisible to the human eye, and the integrated data keep identical content. This assumption has been proven by studying the statistical properties of the image and integrated data using mathematical model modelled in the programming language Python using the combinations of the functions of additional libraries (OpenCV, NumPy, SciPy and Matplotlib). The model has been used to compare the input methods of meta-data and methods of steganographic integration by correcting the coefficients of Discrete Cosine Transform JPEG compressed image. For the procedures of steganographic data processing the steganographic algorithm F5 was used. The review paper analyses the advantages and drawbacks of the integration methods and present the examples of situations in traffic in which the formed unified sources of transport-relevant information could be used.
A global analysis of bird plumage patterns reveals no association between habitat and camouflage
Authors: Somveille Marius , Marshall Kate L.A. , Gluckman Thanh-Lan
Published: November 2016

Evidence suggests that animal patterns (motifs) function in camouflage. Irregular mottled patterns can facilitate concealment when stationary in cluttered habitats, whereas regular patterns typically prevent capture during movement in open habitats. Bird plumage patterns have predominantly converged on just four types—mottled (irregular), scales, bars and spots (regular)—and habitat could be driving convergent evolution in avian patterning. Based on sensory ecology, we therefore predict that irregular patterns would be associated with visually noisy closed habitats and that regular patterns would be associated with open habitats. Regular patterns have also been shown to function in communication for sexually competing males to stand-out and attract females, so we predict that male breeding plumage patterns evolved in both open and closed habitats. Here, taking phylogenetic relatedness into account, we investigate ecological selection for bird plumage patterns across the class Aves. We surveyed plumage patterns in 80% of all avian species worldwide. Of these, 2,756 bird species have regular and irregular plumage patterns as well as habitat information. In this subset, we tested whether adult breeding/non-breeding plumages in each sex, and juvenile plumages, were associated with the habitat types found within the species’ geographical distributions. We found no evidence for an association between habitat and plumage patterns across the world’s birds and little phylogenetic signal. We also found that species with regular and irregular plumage patterns were distributed randomly across the world’s eco-regions without being affected by habitat type. These results indicate that at the global spatial and taxonomic scale, habitat does not predict convergent evolution in bird plumage patterns, contrary to the camouflage hypothesis.
Charge neutralization as the major factor for the assembly of nucleocapsid-like particles from C-terminal truncated hepatitis C virus core protein
Authors: de Souza Theo Luiz Ferraz , Lima Sheila Maria Barbosa de , Braga Vanessa L. de Azevedo , Peabody David S. , Ferreira Davis Fernandes , Bianconi M. Lucia , Gomes Andre Marco de Oliveira , Silva Jerson Lima , de Oliveira Andréa Cheble
Published: November 2016

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein, in addition to its structural role to form the nucleocapsid assembly, plays a critical role in HCV pathogenesis by interfering in several cellular processes, including microRNA and mRNA homeostasis. The C-terminal truncated HCV core protein (C124) is intrinsically unstructured in solution and is able to interact with unspecific nucleic acids, in the micromolar range, and to assemble into nucleocapsid-like particles (NLPs)in vitro. The specificity and propensity of C124 to the assembly and its implications on HCV pathogenesis are not well understood.

Methods

Spectroscopic techniques, transmission electron microscopy and calorimetry were used to better understand the propensity of C124 to fold or to multimerize into NLPs when subjected to different conditions or in the presence of unspecific nucleic acids of equivalent size to cellular microRNAs.

Results

The structural analysis indicated that C124 has low propensity to self-folding. On the other hand, for the first time, we show that C124, in the absence of nucleic acids, multimerizes into empty NLPs when subjected to a pH close to its isoelectric point (pH ≈ 12), indicating that assembly is mainly driven by charge neutralization. Isothermal calorimetry data showed that the assembly of NLPs promoted by nucleic acids is enthalpy driven. Additionally, data obtained from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy show that C124, in nanomolar range, was able to interact and to sequester a large number of short unspecific nucleic acids into NLPs.

Discussion

Together, our data showed that the charge neutralization is the major factor for the nucleocapsid-like particles assembly from C-terminal truncated HCV core protein. This finding suggests that HCV core protein may physically interact with unspecific cellular polyanions, which may correspond to microRNAs and mRNAs in a host cell infected by HCV, triggering their confinement into infectious particles.
Precision motion control of a small launching platform with disturbance compensation using neural networks
Authors: Hu Jian , Liu Lei , Wang Yuan‐gang , Xie Zhiwei
Published: November 2016

A kind of launching platform driven by two permanent magnet synchronous motors which is used to launch kinetic load to hit the target always faces strong parameter uncertainties and strong external disturbance such as the air current impulsion which would degrade their tracking accuracy greatly. In this paper, a practical method which combines adaptive robust control with neural network‐based disturbance observer is proposed for high‐accuracy motion control of the launching platform. The proposed controller not only accounts for the parametric uncertainties but also takes the external disturbances into account. Adaptive control is designed to compensate the former, while neural network‐based disturbance observer is designed to compensate the latter respectively and both of them are integrated together via a feedforward cancellation technique. A new kind of parametric adaptation and weight adaptation strategy is designed by using the linear combination of the system's tracking error and the weight estimation error as a driving signal for parametric adaptation and disturbance approximation. The stability of the novel control scheme is analyzed via a Lyapunov method and this method presents a prescribed output tracking performance in the presence of both parameter uncertainties and unmodeled nonlinearities. Extensive comparative simulation and experimental results are obtained to verify the high‐performance of the proposed control strategy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A de novo missense mutation in the inositol 1,4,5‐triphosphate receptor type 1 gene causing severe pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia: Expanding the phenotype of ITPR1‐related spinocerebellar ataxia's
Authors: van Dijk Tessa , Barth Peter , Reneman Liesbeth , Appelhof Bart , Baas Frank , Poll‐The Bwee Tien
Published: November 2016

We report a de novo missense mutation (c.7649T>A) in the inositol, 1,4,5 triphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene in a patient with severe pontocerebellar hypoplasia. The mutation results in an amino acid substitution of a highly conserved isoleucine by asparagine (p. I2550N) in the transmembrane domain. Mutations and deletions of the ITPR1 gene are associated with several types of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, varying in age of onset and severity. Patients have signs of cerebellar ataxia and at most, a mild cerebellar atrophy on MRI. In contrast, the patient we report here has profound cerebellar and pontine hypoplasia. Our finding therefore further expands the spectrum of ITPR1‐related ataxias. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering Disorder into Heterogenite‐Like Cobalt Oxides by Phosphate Doping: Implications for the Design of Water‐Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: King Hannah J. , Bonke Shannon A. , Chang Shery L. Y. , Spiccia Leone , Johannessen Bernt , Hocking Rosalie K.
Published: November 2016

Amongst the most promising materials designed to catalyse water oxidation from earth‐abundant materials are the metal oxides. Despite the success of these materials, understanding the relationship of structure to function has been very challenging. It has been noted that many metal oxide water‐oxidation catalysts function best in a proton‐accepting electrolyte, such as a borate or phosphate buffer. However, these same electrolytes are known to significantly affect the metal oxide structures by imparting a level of “disorder” or “molecular nature” to the materials. The most well‐known case is that of Nocera's Co–Pi catalyst (Pi: inorganic phosphorus). In this study, we have synthesised a series of “heterogenite‐like” cobalt oxides with different levels of phosphate doping (0–9 %P). Our synthetic method enables us to make “bulk materials”, the structural properties of which (as observed by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy) mimic those observed directly on electrode surfaces. The changes made to the bulk phases were directly correlated with the reactivity for water‐oxidation catalysis and the ability of the CoOx materials to act as sacrificial oxidants. The most disordered materials were most reactive for sacrificial oxidation but were less effective as water‐oxidation catalysts. These results help us understand how disorder changes the thermodynamic stability of metal oxides and how this impacts on efficiency for water oxidation.