bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dickinson Emergent
Authors: Bergland Renée
Published: May 2022

This essay examines Dickinson’s butterfly poems in the context of the twenty-first century climate crisis and the threat of butterfly extinction. It starts with a discussion of how “Yesterday is History” (M 570, Fr1290), flutters between the past and the future, and then moves to a broader discussion of how Dickinson’s works play with the contrasts between art and science and physics and metaphysics, undermining strict disciplinary and ontological divisions. The essay argues that Dickinson treats butterflies as aesthetic objects, as animated intelligences, as philosophical and theological symbols, as scientifically significant objects of inquiry, and as fellow creatures, mixing epistemological approaches together, so that a single verse about a butterfly might use terms drawn from art, astronomy, metaphysics, and entomology. It uses the new materialist concepts of emergence, entanglement, assemblage, and manifold to frame a discussion of Dickinson’s postdisciplinary thought, arguing that Dickinson’s poetry has the capacity to startle us into awareness of the manifold ways that we are entangled with the world and each other.
Dickinson Uncut
Authors: Lee Maurice S.
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses Dickinson’s relationship to the proliferation of print in nineteenth-century America. Dickinson’s poetry and correspondence with Thomas Wentworth Higginson indicate her careful navigation of her era’s rapidly expanding print culture. More specifically, her family’s cutting—and not cutting—of pages in the Atlantic Monthly offer unique evidence of Dickinson’s reading practices and her household’s engagement with Harriet Beecher Stowe’s views of gender and Abraham Lincoln’s stance on slavery. Dickinson’s reading—and not reading—help us understand her writing and mind, the power and limits of source study, and the challenges and opportunities that literature faces in our long information revolution.
Butterfly Tropics
Authors: Arsić Branka
Published: May 2022

In many Dickinson poems that have reached us as variants, beings assume strange life. In “Further in Summer Than the Birds,” for instance, crickets are at first well represented, physically and acoustically apparent, and being named. However, in later variants they have a more fragile presence, found on the earth and in the poem through signs that they make, and through a difference they are said to produce, but remaining unnamed or bearing the name of what they are not. Similarly butterflies. In three versions of “Two Butterflies went out at Noon,” the butterflies vanish, reappear, fly away; in one version they might be dead whereas in the other they fight against death and win. This essay discusses the “Two Butterflies” poems through whose variants entomological bodies are transformed, or assume latent presences, as a means of investigating what such transformations do for Dickinson’s understanding of presence, memory, and time. In tracking how Dickinson moves sentences she reads in sermons and letters of her friends and acquaintances into the three variants, and how such sentences are differently distributed and recast at different points in time, in investigating how the poems assume each time different stances toward the text they incorporate, the essay contends that Dickinson’s poetry functions both as archive and a resistance to archiving. That dynamic makes for an archival poetics.
Whose Native Place?
Authors: Brooks Lisa
Published: May 2022

Before there was Amherst, there was Nonotuck. When Emily’s ancestor, Nathaniel Dickinson, and a group of withdrawers from the churches at Hartford and Wethersfield sought to settle a plantation on the Connecticut River, they knew they were requesting land in Nonotuck, one of many Indigenous homelands on Kwinitekw, the long river. This essay highlights the prominent role of the Dickinson family in the story of the colonization of the Connecticut River Valley, focusing especially on deeds, negotiations, warfare, and captivity. It also locates Emily Dickinson’s ancestors and the Connecticut River Valley within the larger networks of Native space. The essay focuses on the period 1650–1759, including the Anglo-Abenaki wars and the settlement of Amherst, but touches on nineteenth-century Amherst, as well.
The Death of Little Gib
Authors: Longsworth Polly
Published: May 2022

The 1883 typhoid death of Gilbert Dickinson, youngest child of Austin and Sue Dickinson, had large consequences, for it affected the estrangement within Austin and Sue’s marriage, which in turn influenced the convoluted entanglement of publishing Emily Dickinson’s poetry. Gib’s death has long been viewed singularly as a family tragedy. However, information found in the records of Amherst undertaker Edwin Dwight Marsh reveals the boy’s death was more probably part of a wider, unpublished typhoid scourge that afflicted other families in the area. This enlarged context adds nuance for scholars familiar with Dickinson family relations during the final three years of the poet’s life.
Dickinson’s Influence on Recent American Poetry
Authors: Armantrout Rae
Published: May 2022

This essay examines Emily Dickinson’s growing influence on contemporary American poets, with reference to some poets frequently discussed in relation to Dickinson (Susan Howe, Lucie Brock-Broido) but primarily with focus on poets rarely discussed in this connection: Rae Armantrout, Fanny Howe, Graham Foust, Peter Gizzi, Carl Phillips, and Catherine Wagner. Looking at the very different ways that these poets have received and responded to Dickinson’s work illuminates both their own stylistic choices and hers. It also raises questions about the nature and meaning of influence and how it is recognized.
“Discretion in the interval–”
Authors: Holmes Gerard
Published: May 2022

Emily Dickinson’s writing practice was informed by her knowledge of musical performance, including musical improvisation. The music, oratory, and writing of the nineteenth-century United States was deeply concerned with improvisation. One common method involved in-the-moment creation of performance variations, either on an existing text or completely extemporaneous. Transcribed or printed, these took form as musical variations, which a player might later reperform as written or use to prompt new performance possibilities. Dickinson’s personal music collection included numerous such sheet music variations, and she was known, among friends and family, for her piano improvisations. Improvised performance is fleeting, while print signals longer duration, implying a tension between the two. Yet, ethnomusicologists assert that improvisation and composition coexist not in contrast, but in a mutually reinforcing cycle of creation. In Dickinson studies, there is a similar tension between act and embodiment. Thinking like ethnomusicologists, we might consider expression and artifact as cyclical, interrelated, with Dickinson’s manuscripts functioning something like transcriptions, deriving from and enabling (semi-)private poetic performances, and any alternate words or punctuation in preserved manuscripts comprising a set of performance variations. Doing so accords equal importance to the act of writing and the resulting manuscript. For a given poem, the complete set of manuscripts, including all words, markings, line breaks, and other features, can function for readers like annotated sheet music, recording performance options, and offering the reader a chance to “play” the poems.
The Material and Editorial Condition of Dickinson’s “Master” Documents
Authors: Werner Marta L.
Published: May 2022

Critical and editorial accounts of Dickinson’s “Master Letters” have represented them as a discrete correspondence comprising three missives composed between 1858 and 1861 and intended for an actual but unidentified recipient. This essay challenges the prevailing understanding of these documents as letters and redraws the boundaries of this textual constellation through an analysis of their material, ramifying conditions and their progress through literary history. Ultimately, the essay proposes that we replace our view of these documents as part of a lost archive of correspondence between the poet and her lover with an understanding of these works as a textual experiment that arises before and alongside the fascicles and that tests the limits of address and genre in order to escape both bibliographical determination and the very coordinates of mastery itself.
Linguistic Turns
Authors: Wolosky Shira
Published: May 2022

Despite her reclusion both in life and in her publication history, Dickinson’s poetry embeds her very use of words and their constructions in the language uses around her. Language as publicly shared provides historical context and community for Dickinson’s formal and metaphysical enactments. Dickinson’s verse vacillates between moments of belief and recurrent doubts and anguish about the divine order and its metaphysical structures that puncture her faith, never reaching final resolution, in a language that is shared and historically charged. In Dickinson this context and contest of language have two closely interrelated genealogies. The first is the tradition of figuralism, strong in America from its Puritan founding, which comes to intense and self-conscious new power and transformation in her contemporary world, most dramatically in the writings of Emerson as explored in this essay. The second is the not-coincidentally concomitant reexamination of biblical language. Biblical language in the United States traditionally claimed immense authority. This authority, however, precisely in Dickinson’s period, was being eroded by new methods of biblical Higher Criticism and ways of thinking about historicity. In the arena of American politics and culture, the very power granted the Bible in the antebellum period came to be claimed and hence also undermined by opposing political sides—notably for and against slavery—with increasing shrillness and violence, finally bursting into Civil War. These public contexts penetrate Dickinson’s verse and make her writing at once deeply interior and deeply cultural.
The Role of Behavioral Medicine in Addressing Climate Change-Related Health Inequities
Authors: Nogueira Leticia , White Kristi E , Bell Brooke , Alegria Katie E , Bennett Gary , Edmondson Donald , Epel Elissa , Holman E Alison , Kronish Ian M , Thayer Julian
Published: May 2022

Climate change is the greatest threat to global health in human history. It has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization and leading researchers from academic institutions around the globe. Structural racism disproportionately exposes communities targeted for marginalization to the harmful consequences of climate change through greater risk of exposure and sensitivity to climate hazards and less adaptive capacity to the health threats of climate change. Given its interdisciplinary approach to integrating behavioral, psychosocial, and biomedical knowledge, the discipline of behavioral medicine is uniquely qualified to address the systemic causes of climate change-related health inequities and can offer a perspective that is currently missing from many climate and health equity efforts. In this article, we summarize relevant concepts, describe how climate change and structural racism intersect to exacerbate health inequities, and recommend six strategies with the greatest potential for addressing climate-related health inequities.
The Best Laid Plans? A Qualitative Investigation of How Resident Physicians Plan Their Learning
Authors: Branzetti Jeremy , Commissaris Carolyn , Croteau Charlotte , Ehmann Michael R. , Gisondi Michael A. , Hopson Laura R. , Lai Krystal Ya-Fong , Regan Linda
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Adaptive expertise (AE) has been identified as a critical trait to cultivate in future physicians. The 4-phase master adaptive learner (MAL) conceptual model describes the learning skills and behaviors necessary to develop AE. Though prior work has elucidated skills and behaviors used by MALs in the initial planning phase of learning, most resident learners are not thought to be MALs. In this study, the authors investigated how these majority “typical” learners develop AE by exploring the strategies they used in the planning phase of learning.

Method

Participants were resident physicians at graduate medical education (GME) training programs located at 4 academic medical centers in the United States. Participants participated in semistructured individual interviews in 2021, and interview transcripts were analyzed using constant comparative analysis of grounded theory.

Results

Fourteen subjects representing 8 specialties were interviewed, generating 152 pages of transcripts for analysis. Three themes were identified: “Typical” learners were challenged by the transition from structured undergraduate medical education learning to less-structured GME learning, lacked necessary skills to easily navigate this transition, and relied on trial and error to develop their learning skills.

Conclusions

Participants used trial and error to find learning strategies to help them manage the systemic challenges encountered when transitioning from medical school to residency. The success (or failure) of these efforts was tied to learners’ efficacy with the self-regulated learning concepts of agency, metacognitive goal setting, and motivation. A conceptual model is provided to describe the impact of these factors on residents’ ability to be adaptive learners, and actionable recommendations are provided to help educators’ efforts to foster adaptive learning skills and behaviors. These findings also provided valuable evidence of validity of the MAL model that has thus far been lacking.
Talipes Equinovarus in Loeys-Dietz Syndrome
Authors: Badin Daniel , Atwater Lara C. , Dietz Harry C. , Sponseller Paul D.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) commonly presents with foot deformities, such as talipes equinovarus (TEV), also known as “clubfoot.” Although much is known about the treatment of idiopathic TEV, very little is known about the treatment of TEV in LDS. Here, we summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with LDS and TEV and compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes of operative versus nonoperative treatment.

Methods:

We identified 47 patients with TEV from a cohort of 252 patients with LDS who presented to our academic tertiary care hospital from 2010 to 2016. A questionnaire, electronic health records, clinical photos and radiographs, and telephone calls were used to collect baseline, treatment, and outcome data. The validated disease-specific instrument was used to determine patient-reported foot/ankle functional limitations after treatment. Patients were categorized into nonoperative and operative groups, with the operative group subcategorized according to whether the posteromedial release was performed.

Results:

Within our TEV cohort, bilateral TEV was present in 40 patients (85%). Thirty-seven patients underwent surgery (14 involving posteromedial release), and 10 were treated nonoperatively. The operative group had a higher incidence of posttreatment foot/ankle functional limitation (71%) than the nonoperative group (25%) (P=0.04). The pain was the most common functional limitation (54%). The posteromedial release was associated with a higher incidence of developing hindfoot valgus compared with surgery not involving posteromedial release (43% vs. 8.7%, P=0.04) and compared with nonoperative treatment (43% vs. 0.0%, P=0.02).

Conclusions:

We found that patients with LDS have a high incidence of bilateral TEV. Operative treatment was associated with posttreatment foot/ankle functional limitations, and posteromedial release was associated with hindfoot valgus overcorrection deformity. These findings could have implications for the planning of surgery for TEV in LDS patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level III—retrospective comparative study
Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum-aaes for Treatment of Cellulite: A Pooled Analysis of Two Phase-3 Trials
Authors: Bass Lawrence S. , Kaufman-Janette Joely , Joseph John H. , Kaminer Michael S. , Clark James , Fabi Sabrina G. , Gold Michael H. , Katz Bruce E. , Peddy Kappa , Schlessinger Joel , Young V. Leroy , Hurley David , McLane Michael P. , Vijayan Saji , Liu Genzhou , Davis Matthew W. , Goldman Mitchel P.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Collagen-rich fibrous septae and subcutaneous adipose protrusions play a role in cellulite pathophysiology. Collagenase clostridium histolyticum-aaes (CCH-aaes) injection causes enzymatic release of septae to resolve cellulite depressions and create a skin smoothing effect. This analysis pooled data from two identically designed, phase-3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies to examine the efficacy and safety of CCH-aaes.

Methods:

Adult women with moderate/severe cellulite (3–4 on Clinician Reported Photonumeric Cellulite Severity Scale and Patient Reported Photonumeric Cellulite Severity Scale) on the buttocks received up to three treatment sessions (Days 1, 22, and 43) of subcutaneous CCH-aaes 0.84 mg or placebo per treatment area. Composite and individual component response (≥2-level or ≥1-level improvement from baseline in Patient Reported Photonumeric Cellulite Severity Scale and/or Clinician Reported Photonumeric Cellulite Severity Scale) and additional patient-reported outcomes were determined at Day 71.

Results:

Analysis included 424 CCH-aaes−treated and 419 placebo-treated women. CCH-aaes−treated women were 5.9 times more likely than placebo-treated women to be ≥2-level composite responders at Day 71 (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 5.9 [2.2–15.4]; P < 0.001). A significantly greater percentage of CCH-aaes−treated women versus placebo-treated women were ≥1-level composite responders at Day 71 (39.4% versus 14.6%; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated no apparent impact of Fitzpatrick skin type category and baseline cellulite severity (moderate/severe) on CCH-aaes efficacy. An inverse relationship between age and CCH-aaes response was observed in those with a body mass index less than 32 kg per m2. The most common adverse events with CCH-aaes were injection-site bruising and injection-site pain.

Conclusion:

CCH-aaes treatment significantly improved moderate-to-severe buttock cellulite appearance and was generally well tolerated.
Development and Implementation of a Combined Nurse Care Manager and Community Health Worker Training Curriculum to Address Hypertension Disparities
Authors: Alvarez Carmen , Ibe Chidinma , Dietz Katie , Carrero Nicolas Dominguez , Avornu Gideon , Turkson-Ocran Ruth-Alma , Bhattarai Jagriti , Crews Deidra , Lipman Paula Darby , Cooper Lisa A.
Published: May 2022

The use of nurse care managers (CMs) and community health workers (CHWs) has demonstrated effectiveness in supporting improved blood pressure management among racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically minoritized populations. We partnered with a community advisory board (CAB) to develop a CM and CHW training curriculum and team-based collaborative care intervention to address uncontrolled hypertension. The objective of this study was to train CMs and CHWs to implement patient-centered techniques and address social determinants of health related to hypertension control. In partnership with a CAB, we developed and implemented a training curriculum for the CM/CHW collaborative care team. The training improved CM and CHW confidence in their ability to address medical and nonmedical issues that contribute to uncontrolled hypertension in their patients; however, preexisting norms and beliefs among CMs and CHWs created challenges with teamwork. The training curriculum was feasible and well-received. Additionally, the CMs' and CHWs' reactions provided insights to improve future collaborative care training and teamwork.
Laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Fan Dong , Ge Ping Ping , Wu Qiong , Sun Jin , Kan Jianxun , Lu Tao , Xu Lijian
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

Radical gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection is the main surgical method for patients with resectable tumors. However, the effects of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) on Short-term clinical outcomes and long-term survival are still uncertainty for patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC), compared with open gastrectomy (OG). The aim of this umbrella review is to provide a summary overview that evaluates the depth and strength of existing research evidence in order to clarify the potential benefits and harms of LG for AGC compared to OG.

Methods and analysis:

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses about LG versus OG for AGC will be retrieved comprehensively in PubMed, OVid, the Cochrane Library, Web Of Science, Wan Fang, CNKI and the SinoMed databases. Two authors will select studies according to pre-set criteria and evaluate the quality of the studies by using AMSTAR2 tool. Information obtained independently by two authors will be recorded in tabular form. The results of LG vs OG in each outcome will be summarized in narrative form. We will divide the evidence strength of each outcome into high, moderate, low, or very low quality according to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation standard.

Ethics and dissemination:

Ethical approval as well as informed consent from patients will not be required. The findings of this research will be communicated through conferences, published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated through other digital media.

Protocol registration number:

(INPLASY2021120058).
Ossification of Pterygospinous and Pterygoalar Ligaments and Their Clinical Significance: An Anatomic Study
Authors: Singh Rajani
Published: May 2022

Pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments, present in close proximity of foramen ovale at the base of skull, ossify creating pterygospinous and pterygoalar foramina, which causes problems in accessing retro and parapharyngeal spaces, trigeminal ganglion for treating trigeminal neuralgia by thermocoagulation and blocking it. Besides, these anatomical entities may compress nearby neurovascular structures causing discomfort to patients. Considering immense clinical significance associated with ossification of pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments, the study has been carried out. Aim of the study is to provide extended new classification related to pterygospinous and pterygoalar foramina and associated clinical significance. Seven hundred thirty skull bases were observed for variant ossification pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments and a new classification of occurrence of these anomalies has been proposed. Literature search revealed that incidence of formation of various forms of pterygospinous and pterygoalar foramina in world populations ranges between 1% and 31.2% and 1.3% and 62.4%, respectively. The highest incidence of complete pterygospinous foramen was observed in Brazilian population followed by Anatolian population and that of incomplete pterygospinous foramen also in Brazilian population. Various neurovascular structures are present in relation to pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments. Comprehension of foramina formed by ossification of these ligaments at the cranial base is imperative for proper planning and treating trigeminal neuralgia, clinical neuralgias involving oral and maxillofacial region and carrying out interventions like transfacial needle approaches to the foramen ovale and also for evaluating skull base radiographs. Therefore, thorough knowledge of these entities is of utmost use to anesthesiologists, dentists, and oral maxillofacial surgeons and neurosurgeons.
The Simultaneous Use of Spring-Mediated Cranioplasty and Distraction Osteogenesis as a Safe Modality for Multi-Suture Craniosynostosis
Authors: Galarza Laura I. , Tran Jessica N. , Hoppe Ian C.
Published: May 2022

Craniosynostosis caused by premature fusion of the cranial sutures most commonly involves a single suture. Less commonly, multiple sutures may fuse prematurely resulting in complex craniosynostosis. The authors present 1 case of a patient with unilateral sagittal and unilateral lambdoid craniosynostosis treated safely simultaneous with spring-mediated cranioplasty and distraction osteogenesis.
National Blood Shortage: A Call to Action from the Trauma Community
Authors: Stein Deborah M. , Upperman Jeffrey S. , Livingston David H. , Andrews Jennifer , Bulger Eileen M. , Cohen Mitchell Jay , Eastridge Brian J. , Fontaine Magali J. , Guillamondegui Oscar , Hess John R. , Jenkins Donald H. , Kaups Krista L. , Nance Michael L. , Spinella Philip C. , Zarzaur Ben L. , Zonies David , Coimbra Raul
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed vulnerabilities within the healthcare system in the United States. Blood product scarcity is one of the more serious nationwide consequences of pandemic-related disruptions. US physicians relied on an uninterrupted and relatively abundant blood supply for most of the last century. The availability of blood allowed clinicians to advance healthcare and save lives. During disasters, mass casualty events, and other regional episodes that lead to increased demand or disruptions in supply, the regionalized blood supply system has proven resilient and has been able to meet these needs. However, due to the pandemic, there are marked reductions in blood bank outreach activities and blood drives. In addition, there is a shortage in supplies and trained workers resulting in distribution problems, thus, a nationwide “Blood Supply Crisis”.

While many physicians utilize blood products in providing care for their patients, trauma surgeons are uniquely positioned to comment on the current blood shortage crisis due to their often-urgent reliance on this proven lifesaving intervention. Trauma surgeons use blood products to replace blood lost due to life-threatening hemorrhage and utilize component therapy to replace coagulation factors specifically. Trauma surgeons and staff are involved in disaster planning in many cities, states, and regions. We convened an ad hoc multidisciplinary national task force for these reasons recognizing the need for thoughtful and pragmatic discussion. The group included diverse stakeholders from major trauma organizations and governmental agencies as well as disaster preparedness and transfusion medicine experts. The panel then made recommendations based on lessons learned during the pandemic. The overarching goals of these recommendations are to shed light on the tenuous blood supply and start a national dialogue on strategic planning for this valuable resource. Short- and long-term recommendations were developed by consensus and are discussed.

Level of Evidence

N/A
Immunological heterogeneity informs estimation of the durability of vaccine protection
Authors: Domenech de Cellès Matthieu , Wong Anabelle , Andrea Barrero Guevara Laura , Rohani Pejman
Published: May 2022

Deciphering the properties of vaccines against an emerging pathogen is essential for optimizing immunization strategies. Early after vaccine roll-out, however, uncertainties about vaccine immunity raise the question of how much time is needed to estimate these properties, particularly the durability of vaccine protection. Here we designed a simulation study, based on a generic transmission model of vaccination, to simulate the impact of a breadth of vaccines with different mean (range: 10 months–2 years) and variability (coefficient of variation range: 50–100%) of the duration of protection. Focusing on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in the year after start of mass immunization in Germany as a case study, we then assessed how confidently the duration of protection could be estimated under a range of epidemiological scenarios. We found that lower mean and higher heterogeneity facilitated estimation of the duration of vaccine protection. Across the vaccines tested, rapid waning and high heterogeneity permitted complete identification of the duration of protection; by contrast, slow waning and low heterogeneity allowed only estimation of the fraction of vaccinees with rapid loss of immunity. These findings suggest that limited epidemiological data can inform the duration of vaccine immunity. More generally, they highlight the need to carefully consider immunological heterogeneity when designing transmission models to evaluate vaccines.
Termite dispersal is influenced by their diet
Authors: Hellemans Simon , Šobotník Jan , Lepoint Gilles , Mihaljevič Martin , Roisin Yves , Bourguignon Thomas
Published: May 2022

Termites feed on vegetal matter at various stages of decomposition. Lineages of wood- and soil-feeding termites are distributed across terrestrial ecosystems located between 45°N and 45°S of latitude, a distribution they acquired through many transoceanic dispersal events. While wood-feeding termites often live in the wood on which they feed and are efficient at dispersing across oceans by rafting, soil-feeders are believed to be poor dispersers. Therefore, their distribution across multiple continents requires an explanation. Here, we reconstructed the historical biogeography and the ancestral diet of termites using mitochondrial genomes and δ
13
C and δ
15
N stable isotope measurements obtained from 324 termite samples collected in five biogeographic realms. Our biogeographic models showed that wood-feeders are better at dispersing across oceans than soil-feeders, further corroborated by the presence of wood-feeders on remote islands devoid of soil-feeders. However, our ancestral range reconstructions identified 33 dispersal events among biogeographic realms, 18 of which were performed by soil-feeders. Therefore, despite their lower dispersal ability, soil-feeders performed several transoceanic dispersals that shaped the distribution of modern termites.
Male–male social bonding, coalitionary support and reproductive success in wild Guinea baboons
Authors: Dal Pesco Federica , Trede Franziska , Zinner Dietmar , Fischer Julia
Published: May 2022

Male–male bonds may confer substantial fitness benefits. The adaptive value of these relationships is often attributed to coalitionary support, which aids in rank ascension and female defence, ultimately resulting in greater reproductive success. We investigated the link between male–male sociality and both coalitionary support and reproductive success in wild Guinea baboons. This species lives in a tolerant multi-level society with reproductive units comprising a male and 1–6 females at the core. Males are philopatric, form differentiated, stable and equitable affiliative relationships (strong bonds) with other males, and lack a clear rank hierarchy. Here, we analysed behavioural and paternity data for 30 males and 50 infants collected over 4 years in the Niokolo-Koba National Park, Senegal. Strongly bonded males supported each other more frequently during conflicts, but strong bonds did not promote reproductive success. Instead, males that spent less time socializing with other males were associated with a higher number of females and sired more offspring. Notably, reproductively active males still maintained bonds with other males, but adjusted their social investment in relation to life-history stage. Long-term data will be needed to test if the adaptive value of male bonding lies in longer male tenure and/or in promoting group cohesion.
Forest degradation limits the complementarity and quality of animal seed dispersal
Authors: Rehling Finn , Schlautmann Jan , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Schabo Dana G. , Farwig Nina
Published: May 2022

Forest degradation changes the structural heterogeneity of forests and species communities, with potential consequences for ecosystem functions including seed dispersal by frugivorous animals. While the quantity of seed dispersal may be robust towards forest degradation, changes in the effectiveness of seed dispersal through qualitative changes are poorly understood. Here, we carried out extensive field sampling on the structure of forest microhabitats, seed deposition sites and plant recruitment along three characteristics of forest microhabitats (canopy cover, ground vegetation and deadwood) in Europe's last lowland primeval forest (Białowieża, Poland). We then applied niche modelling to study forest degradation effects on multi-dimensional seed deposition by frugivores and recruitment of fleshy-fruited plants. Forest degradation was shown to (i) reduce the niche volume of forest microhabitat characteristics by half, (ii) homogenize the spatial seed deposition within and among frugivore species, and (iii) limit the regeneration of plants via changes in seed deposition and recruitment. Our study shows that the loss of frugivores in degraded forests is accompanied by a reduction in the complementarity and quality of seed dispersal by remaining frugivores. By contrast, structure-rich habitats, such as old-growth forests, safeguard the diversity of species interactions, forming the basis for high-quality ecosystem functions.
Present and future distribution of bat hosts of sarbecoviruses: implications for conservation and public health
Authors: Muylaert Renata L. , Kingston Tigga , Luo Jinhong , Vancine Maurício Humberto , Galli Nikolas , Carlson Colin J. , John Reju Sam , Rulli Maria Cristina , Hayman David T. S.
Published: May 2022

Global changes in response to human encroachment into natural habitats and carbon emissions are driving the biodiversity extinction crisis and increasing disease emergence risk. Host distributions are one critical component to identify areas at risk of viral spillover, and bats act as reservoirs of diverse viruses. We developed a reproducible ecological niche modelling pipeline for bat hosts of SARS-like viruses (subgenusSarbecovirus), given that several closely related viruses have been discovered and sarbecovirus–host interactions have gained attention since SARS-CoV-2 emergence. We assessed sampling biases and modelled current distributions of bats based on climate and landscape relationships and project future scenarios for host hotspots. The most important predictors of species distributions were temperature seasonality and cave availability. We identified concentrated host hotspots in Myanmar and projected range contractions for most species by 2100. Our projections indicate hotspots will shift east in Southeast Asia in locations greater than 2°C hotter in a fossil-fuelled development future. Hotspot shifts have implications for conservation and public health, as loss of population connectivity can lead to local extinctions, and remaining hotspots may concentrate near human populations.
Covariation between glucocorticoids, behaviour and immunity supports the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis: an experimental approach
Authors: Carbillet Jeffrey , Rey Benjamin , Palme Rupert , Monestier Chloé , Börger Luca , Lavabre Typhaine , Maublanc Marie-Line , Cebe Nicolas , Rames Jean-Luc , Le Loc'h Guillaume , Wasniewski Marine , Rannou Benoit , Gilot-Fromont Emmanuelle , Verheyden Hélène
Published: May 2022

The biomedical literature has consistently highlighted that long-term elevation of glucocorticoids might impair immune functions. However, patterns are less clear in wild animals. Here, we re-explored the stress–immunity relationship considering the potential effects of behavioural profiles. Thirteen captive roe deer (
Capreolus capreolus
) were monitored over an eight-week period encompassing two capture events. We assessed how changes in baseline faecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) concentrations following a standardized capture protocol and an immune challenge using anti-rabies vaccination affected changes in 13 immune parameters of innate and adaptive immunity, and whether these changes in baseline FCM levels and immune parameters related to behavioural profiles. We found that individuals with increased baseline FCM levels also exhibited increased immunity and were characterized by more reactive behavioural profiles (low activity levels, docility to manipulation and neophilia). Our results suggest that the immunity of large mammals may be influenced by glucocorticoids, but also behavioural profiles, as it is predicted by the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis. Our results highlight the need to consider covariations between behaviour, immunity and glucocorticoids in order to improve our understanding of the among-individual variability in the stress–immunity relationships observed in wildlife, as they may be underpinned by different life-history strategies.
Bacteria associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis outbreak in confined lambs
Authors: Santos Rafaela Teixeira , Gaeta Natália Carrillo , Silveira Brenda Oliveira , Zanette Andressa , Riet-Correa Beatriz , Fraga e Silva Raimondo Raquel
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis is a significant ocular disease found in confined sheep. Little information about the aetiological agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility is available.

Gap Statement. There is limited information on the aetiological agents involved in keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks in sheep.

Aim. The present research aimed to determine the bacterial aetiological factors involved in an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in confined lambs.

Methodology. Ocular swabs were collected from 23 randomly selected lambs, which were classified into three groups according to the severity of the lesion: group I (N=6; no ocular involvement), group II (N=8; less severe injuries) and group III (N=9; more severe injuries). Isolation of aerobic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out. Molecular detection of

Mollicutes

was performed, and positive samples were tested to confirm the presence of the following species:

Mycoplasma conjunctivae

,

Mycoplasma agalactiae

and

Mycoplasma mycoides

subsp.

capri

.

Results.

Moraxella

sp. and

Mollicutes

were detected in all groups, but we inferred that

Moraxella

sp. are only significant in the early stages of the disease.

M. conjunctivae

was detected in all tested groups, while

M. agalactiae

was detected in samples of group III only. One strain of

Moraxella

sp. was resistant to erythromycin and showed intermedite resistance to tetracycline.

Conclusion. The presence of these species confirms their importance in the aetiology of this disease, and the low resistance profile observed in the studied farm suggested an increased cure success rate.
Amyloid and Tau PET positive cognitively unimpaired individuals: Destined to decline?
Authors: Ossenkoppele Rik , Binette Alexa Pichet , Groot Colin , Smith Ruben , Strandberg Olof , Palmqvist Sebastian , Stomrud Erik , Tideman Pontus , Ohlsson Tomas , Jögi Jonas , Johnson Keith , Sperling Reisa , Dore Vincent , Masters Colin L. , Rowe Christopher , Visser Denise , van Berckel Bart N.M. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Baker Suzanne , Jagust William J. , Wiste Heather J. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Hansson Oskar
Published: May 2022

A major unanswered question in the dementia field is whether cognitively unimpaired individuals who harbor both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuropathological hallmarks (i.e., amyloid-β plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles) can preserve their cognition over time or are destined to decline. In this large multi-center amyloid and tau PET study (n=1325), we examined the risk for future progression to mild cognitive impairment and the rate of cognitive decline over time among cognitively unimpaired individuals who were amyloid PET-positive (A+) and tau PET positive (T+) in the medial temporal lobe (A+TMTL+) and/or in the neocortex (A+TNEO+) and compared them with A+T- and A-T-groups. Cox proportional hazard models showed a substantially increased risk for progression to mild cognitive impairment in the A+TNEO+ (Hazard ratio [HR]=19.2[95% confidence interval: 10.9-33.7]), A+TMTL+ (HR=14.6[8.1-26.4) and A+T-(HR=2.4[1.4-4.3]) groups vs the A-T-(reference) group. Linear mixed effect models indicated that the A+TNEO+ (β=-0.056±0.005, T=-11.55, p<0.001), A+TMTL+ (β=-0.024±0.005, T=-4.72, p<0.001) and A+T-(β=-0.008±0.002, T=-3.46, p<0.001) groups showed significantly faster longitudinal global cognitive decline compared to the A-T-(reference) group (all p<0.001). Evidence of advanced AD pathological changes provided by amyloid and tau PET is strongly associated with short-term (i.e., 3-5 years) cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired individuals and is therefore of high clinical relevance.
Association between the LRP1B and APOE loci and the development of Parkinson’s disease dementia
Authors: Real Raquel , Martinez-Carrasco Alejandro , Reynolds Regina H. , Lawton Michael A. , Tan Manuela M. X. , Shoai Maryam , Corvol Jean-Christophe , Ryten Mina , Bresner Catherine , Hubbard Leon , Brice Alexis , Lesage Suzanne , Faouzi Johann , Elbaz Alexis , Artaud Fanny , Williams Nigel , Hu Michele T. M. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Grosset Donald G. , Hardy John , Morris Huw R.
Published: May 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Although predominantly a motor disorder, cognitive impairment and dementia are important features of PD, particularly in the later stages of the disease. However, the rate of cognitive decline varies widely among PD patients, and the genetic basis for this heterogeneity is incompletely understood. Here, we have analysed 3,964 clinically diagnosed PD cases to explore the genetic factors associated with rate of progression to PD dementia. Genome-wide survival analysis identified the APOE-ε4 allele as a major risk factor for the conversion to PD dementia, as well as three new loci, including the ApoE and APP receptor LRP1B. Biomarker analysis also implicates the amyloid pathway in PD dementia, suggesting that amyloid-targeting therapy may have an important role in preventing PDD.
Estimation of Periodic Signals with Applications to Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Chen Paula , Kim Taewoo , Goodman Wayne K. , Borton David A. , Harrison Matthew T. , Darbon Jérôme
Published: May 2022

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapies have shown clinical success in the treatment of a number of neurological illnesses, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and Parkinson’s disease. An emerging strategy for increasing the efficacy of DBS therapies is to develop closed-loop, adaptive DBS systems that can sense biomarkers associated with particular symptoms and in response, adjust DBS parameters in realtime. The development of such systems requires extensive analysis of the underlying neural signals while DBS is on, so that candidate biomarkers can be identified and the effects of varying the DBS parameters can be better understood. However, DBS creates high amplitude, high frequency stimulation artifacts that prevent the underlying neural signals and thus the biological mechanisms underlying DBS from being analyzed. Additionally, DBS devices often require low sampling rates, which alias the artifact frequency, and rely on wireless data transmission methods that can create signal recordings with missing data of unknown length. Thus, traditional artifact removal methods cannot be applied to this setting. We present a novel periodic artifact removal algorithm for DBS applications that can accurately remove stimulation artifacts in the presence of missing data and in some cases where the stimulation frequency exceeds the Nyquist frequency. The numerical examples suggest that, if implemented on dedicated hardware, this algorithm has the potential to be used in embedded closed-loop DBS therapies to remove DBS stimulation artifacts and hence, to aid in the discovery of candidate biomarkers in real-time. Code for our proposed algorithm is publicly available on Github.
A common mechanism of temperature-sensing in thermoTRP channels
Authors: Xu Lizhen , Liang Xiao , Zhen Wenxuan , Xue Zhangzhi , Zhang Fangfei , Yi Xiao , Chen Xiaoying , Hu Lidan , Li Bei , Zhang Bing , Wang Yuhang , Deng Zhenfeng , Yang Wei , Wen Han , Guo Tiannan , Zhu Yi , Yang Fan
Published: May 2022

Detecting temperature is crucial for the survival of living organisms. Though the thermo transient receptor potential (thermoTRP) channels, such as TRPV1 or TRPM8, have been identified as prototypic heat or cold sensors, respectively, how they detect temperature remains elusive. Here we first identified groups of clustered residues in these channels that undergo burial/exposure conformational rearrangements during temperature activation by analyzing available protein structures or hydroxyl radical footprinting-mass spectroscopy (HRF-MS). By systematically perturbing water-protein interactions at these residues, we found that the temperature sensitivity in these channels were modulated in accordance with the sidechain hydrophobicity. The changes in energy associated with changes in water-protein interactions were sufficient for thermo activation. Therefore, our study has established that the water-protein interactions as a common mechanism underlying temperature sensing in TRPM8 and TRPV1.
Dynamin2 stabilizes plasma membrane-connected caveolae by restraining fission
Authors: Larsson Elin , Morén Björn , McMahon Kerrie-Ann , Parton Robert G. , Lundmark Richard
Published: May 2022

Caveolae are small membrane invaginations that generally are stably attached to the plasma membrane. Their release is believed to depend on the GTPase dynamin 2 (Dyn2), in analogy with its role in fission of clathrin-coated vesicles. The mechanistic understanding of caveola fission, and in particular the role of Dyn2, is however sparse. Here, we used microscopy-based tracking of individual caveolae in living cells to determine the role of Dyn2 in caveola dynamics. We report that Dyn2 stably associated with a subset of caveolae, but was not required for formation or fission of caveolae. The Dyn2-positive subset of caveolae displayed longer plasma membrane duration times, whereas depletion of Dyn2 resulted in shorter duration times and increased caveola fission. The stabilizing role of Dyn2 was independent of its GTPase activity and the caveola stabilizing protein EHD2. Thus, we propose that, in contrast to the current view, Dyn2 restrains caveolae at the plasma membrane and prevents fission.
Oxygen crystallographic positions in thin films by non-destructive resonant elastic X-ray scattering
Authors: Peña Corredor Antonio , Wendling Laurianne , Preziosi Daniele , Schlur Laurent , Leuvrey Cédric , Thiaudière Dominique , Elklaim Erik , Blanc Nils , Grenier Stephane , Roulland François , Viart Nathalie , Lefevre Christophe
Published: May 2022

Precisely locating oxygen atoms in nanosized systems is a real challenge. The traditional strategies used for bulk samples fail at probing samples with much less matter. Resonant elastic X-ray scattering (REXS) experiments in the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) domain have already proved their efficiency in probing transition metal cations in thin films, but it is not feasible to perform such experiments at the low-energy edges of lighter atoms – such as oxygen. In this study, the adequacy of using REXS in the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) domain, also known as extended diffraction absorption fine structure (EDAFS), to solve this issue is shown. The technique has been validated on a bulk FeV2O4 sample, through comparison with results obtained with conventional X-ray diffraction measurements. Subsequently, the positions of oxygen atoms in a thin film were unveiled by using the same strategy. The approach described in this study can henceforth be applied to solve the crystallographic structure of oxides, and will help in better understanding the properties and functionalities which are dictated by the positions of the oxygen atoms in functional nanosized materials.