bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversified Microbial Community Developed in Different Fruit Juice of Wine Fermentation
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai , Chamutpong Siriphatrc
Published: June 2017

In the process of grape wine fermentation, it has been long known that different flavor, aroma and taste characteristics are usually from various microbes associated grape strains and grape varieties. In the study, we were interested in understanding diversity of microbial niches of fermented glutinous rice ball developed in variety of fruit wine fermentation. Since different raw materials, fruits together with different microbial consortium associated with fruit surface itself affected various dominant culturable bacterial and fungal species. In the study, freshly prepared juices of fruits; mangoes and apples after processing without the pasteurization at 65°C for 30 min revealed dissimilar pH profiles and reducing sugar contents as well as alcohol production. Under microbiological examination as well as serial dilution agar plate technique, diverse dominant bacterial and fungal isolates were detected in the wine sample of the fruits pasteurized. The nutrients originated in apple sample caused more populations of microbes, including dominant bacilli, detected in the fermented broth since they were found in apples than in mangoes (104-1013 and 104-106 cells/ mL, respectively). From the results, it was shown that different nutrient sources played more important roles in stimulation of variations in microbial assort and possibly more complex in fermented juice qualification. The understanding in microflora consortium involving in wine fermentation for each fruit type should be helpful in monitoring and reflecting the concurrent microbial activity present in the large scale of wine production, reducing the risks of existing spoilage species.
Diverse Aspergillus Isolates from the First Step of Vinegar Fermentation and its Application in Sugar Production
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai
Published: June 2017

In vinegar production, there are several groups of microorganism consortium acting at different stages at each time. In the first step of alcoholic fermentation process, molds and yeasts are also crucial for vinegar fermentation, yielding sugar contents by accelerating the first step of vinegar fermentation of high ethanol production in the fermentation if the raw materials have complex components such as starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin. Most dominant fungi species identified to be molds Aspergillus spp. had activities in breaking starch into sugar moiety in the present of oxygen. In the study, isolates of Aspergillus spp. were tested for their sugar production containing high contents from various cellulosic materials.
Antimicrobial Property of Cold-Sprayed Transition Metals-Substituted Hydroxyapatite/PEEK Coating
Authors: Sanpo Noppakun , Tharajak Jirasak
Published: June 2017

The antibacterial property of several types of transition metals such as silver, nickel, zinc, and copper substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) composite coatings was investigated against staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Microstructural characterization and phase analysis of feedstock powders and as-deposited coatings were carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Transition metals-substituted hydroxyapatite/PEEK coatings were successfully deposited using cold spraying parameters of 10-14 bars at preheated air temperature between 150 and 160 °C. The results indicated that copper substituted hydroxyapatite showed the best antimicrobial property against S. aureus.
The Flour Processing Machine for Musa sapientum Linn
Authors: Kanthang Paisan
Published: June 2017

Banana flour is one of the main commercial products that could be incorporated into other food products. However, the current processing of banana flour production is not only incompatible to traditional village level; but also difficult to manage for the quality control. In this work, we constructed the low cost banana flour processing machines including dryer and pounder. We also tested our machines by using three conditions of banana cleaning such as salt, vinegar and red lime. The dehydrate banana and flour were characterized by CIE-Lab and particle size analysis. After pneumatic drying at 70oC and 3 hr, we found that vinegar had the whiteness value greater than other conditions. We also found that the flour obtained from vinegar presented the smallest diameter which was approximately 0.017 mm. This particle size diameter corresponds to mesh size No. 20 in ASTM E11:01 standard. These results showed that the characterization protocol of banana flour used to grading the dehydrate banana and flour. Therefore, with our project obtained can be such a high potential approach that can be developed product in household, community in terms of commercial production or community enterprise.
Rheological Properties of Asbestos Waste Filler-Based Epoxy Composite Materials
Authors: Gavrilov M.A. , Tarakanov O.V.
Published: June 2017

Buildings and structures susceptible to aggressive environmental and industrial factors are often protected by composite materials. The latter most notably include polymer-based composites. The rheological properties of filled epoxy composites with fillers based on construction and chemical industries’ waste, as well as composites based on natural mineral material, have been researched and accessed. Optimal degrees of filling for such composites have been determined. Border values of filling have also been determined. Authors attempt to determine the dependencies of rheological properties upon the degree of filling and technological factors. The microstructure of epoxy composite materials has also been taken into consideration. The specific features of deformability processes in of epoxy composite materials have been predicted. The mathematical processing of test results has been carried out.
Influence of Annealing of Al-5Ti-1B Master Alloy on Hot Tearing of Cast Al-7Si-3Cu Alloy
Authors: Rathi Sachin Kumar , Sharma Ashok , di Sabatino Marisa
Published: June 2017

Hot tearing is a common and severe defect encountered in aluminium alloys castings. It is affected by alloy composition as well as processing conditions and variables. In Al–7Si-3Cu presence of copper increases mechanical properties of the alloy, but it makes the alloy susceptible to hot tearing. The observations on the microstructures and the fracture surfaces propose that the hot tearing initiated at the grain boundaries and propagated along them through the thin liquid film. Grain refinement limits the hot tearing tendency of the Al-Si-Cu alloy. An attempt has been made to record the effect of annealed Al-5Ti-1B master alloy on minimizing hot tearing tendency in the gravity die cast of Al-7Si-3Cu alloys. It is observed that grain refining efficiency of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy is increased with increase in annealing temperature. This is attributed to the increased fraction of TiAl3 particles and the possible formation of (Ti,Al)B2 phase. Characterization study has been carried out by OM, SEM and XRD analysis.
Study of Metalworking Fluids Biodegradability Potential Enhancement by the Prior Application of Ozone
Authors: Gerulova Kristina , Soldán Maroš , Szabova Zuzana
Published: June 2017

The increases in biological mineralization of selected Metalworking fluids (MWF) pre-treated by ozone were investigated. There were studied 11 different fluids four of emulsion types, four of semi-synthetics and three of synthetic types. Expectations according to the literature review that the pre-treatment enhance the biodegradability of the metalworking fluids were not confirmed in 7 samples. Only 4 samples achieved after ozone pre-treatment better biological degradation. Enhanced biodegradability level after ozone pre-treatment step was observed in three emulsions (Samples 1, 2 and 3) and one semi-synthetics (Sample 7). While nontreated soluble oils reached biodegradability level from 45 to 73 %, after 1 hour of ozone treatment the biodegradability increased from 65 to 82 %. Semisynthetic metalworking fluid without any treatment reached 56 % of the biodegradability level. After one hour of ozone application increased the biodegradability level to 74 % and after 2 hours to 82 %. During ozone treatment it was observed the destabilization of emulsions in half of tested samples.
Study on Estimate of Load Ratio of Doubly Reinforced Concrete Beam Exposed to the Standard Fire
Authors: An Jae Hong , Yeo In Hwan , Jeon Ki Soo , In Ki Ho
Published: June 2017

There are a lot of concerns on safety structure performance by being buildings to be large and high-rise. In particular, damage due to the fire recently leads to a large disaster and therefore a variety of countries operate the regulation on the fire resistance performance depending on the building structure. There are differences on the fire resistance design in each country but 50% of the design load is suggested to be reasonable for the normal temperature during the fire by applying the concept of the loading ratio to the fire resistance design of structures. Since the loading ratio is the factor having a major impact on the evaluation of the fire resistance performance, it should be preferentially considered. The study on setting up the loading ratio to evaluate the fire resistance performance and safety of structures has yet to be fully furnished in South Korea. Therefore, in this paper, the loading ratio proper for the construction status in South Korea is to be taken into account and then the ratio is to be proposed on the single reinforcement beam.
The Effects of Aging on Asphalt Binders Containing Visbreaking Residues
Authors: Coufalik Pavel , Dasek Ondrej , Krcmova Iva , Hyzl Petr
Published: June 2017

The quality and properties of asphalt binders are one of the most important factors that affect lifetime of asphalt roads. In refineries, visbreaking residues (VFCRs) are sometimes added to asphalt binders in variable ratios. VFCR addition can affect the overall properties of the manufactured binder, in particular resistance against aging. Using selected laboratory tests, this paper analyzes the effects of adding VFCRs to paving bitumens with a gradation of 160/220 on its properties (needle penetration, softening point, complex shear modulus and phase angle and creep stiffness and m-values). Also the effect of simulated aging of binders containing VFCRs on their properties has been tested. It was found that by increasing the VFCR content and the extent of aging, the binder stiffness increases. At higher VFCR ratios, the binder is more affected by aging at higher temperatures. Increased amount of VFCR also negatively affects low-temperature properties of the binder, which is related to its higher stiffness.
Properties of Pavement Bitumens Assessed Using European and American Approach
Authors: Coufalik Pavel , Dasek Ondrej , Hyzl Petr , Krcmova Iva
Published: June 2017

This paper compares the different approaches to assessing asphalt binders used in Europe and the Unites States. A series of pavement bitumens is assessed using European standards and also by the Performance Graded Asphalt Binder Specification based on AASHTO MP 1, which was developed as part of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) in the United States of America. The results show that the European approach places high requirements on the pavement bitumens in relation to their behavior at low-temperatures, while in case of the American approach, the key parameter is fatigue behavior after short-term and long-term aging. It is evident that it is necessary to evaluate properties of pavement bitumens after long-term aging in Europe, too.
Thermal Insulator Made from Solid Natural Rubber: Part 1 - Formulation of Rubber Compounding, Appropriate Forming Condition and Basic Properties
Authors: Sopakitiboon Teeratat , Rattanapan Apaipan , Tuampoemsab Surakit
Published: June 2017

Closed cell rubber sponge applied as thermal insulator made from solid natural rubber (NR) was prepared by using Supercell DPT as a blowing agent. Rubber chemicals and STR 20, solid NR, were mixed on a two roll mill prior to prepare the specimen by hot press machine. Curing behaviors of the compounded solid NR with various types of sulfur and peroxide vulcanizations were characterized with moving die rheometer (MDR) at 150 and 170°C. Tensile and compressive strengths of the rubber insulator were measured by universal tensile testing machine followed by ASTM D412 and ASTM D395, respectively. Bubble size of the blown up rubber was inspected by an average maximum length of the bubble by using optical microscope. It should be notice from the experimental that all rubber formula both of sulfur and peroxide systems showed loading percentages to completely expand in a mold by about 38 to 48. Rubber insulator blown up with Supercell DPT used by semi-efficient vulcanization (semi-E.V.) unconcealed predominant results among all curing systems so that further investigations of the formulation as heat stuff will be discussed in next paper
Lost Wax Casting Conditions with Tourmaline In Situ
Authors: Wongpreedee Kageeporn , Peerawat Adiruj , Phichaikamjornwut Bongkot , Bootkul Duangkhae
Published: June 2017

The technique of stone-in-place casting has been established in jewelry production for three decades. However, the process is not widely used since it is limited to precious stones with high hardness and high stability at high temperature. This experiment tested tourmaline, which is a semi-precious gemstone having less hardness and less stability compared with precious stones. The objective was to achieve the conditions of a lost-wax casting process with tourmaline placed in waxes in the casting process. The experiment was divided into two parts. The first part was to understand the tolerance of tourmaline under the heating conditions. Natural tourmaline stones were investigated and compared inclusions tested at a temperature of 700°C. Tourmaline with ion-implantation was also heated to 700°C for comparison. The second part was to test tourmaline in-place casting with tree conditions of flask casting at 550°C, 625°C, and 700°C. The results showed that stones were able to tolerate as much as at 700°C. The inclusion growth of ion-implantation under heating to 700°C also observed the growth of inclusion in the same way as untreated tourmaline. The casting condition at 550°C showed better results. The highest probability of stones breaking after casting occurred in bezel settings.
Investigation on Hole Punching Process with Combined Punch to Improve Surface Quality during the Materials Forming Process
Authors: Yao Pan Pan , Wang Qiang
Published: June 2017

The present work shows the viability of a combined punch that makes possible to perform a hole punching followed by a hole burnishing in only one operation. The advantage of this combined punch is forming processes in only one process on medium thickness plate. In this work were tested two different configurations of punches which one of them is the conventional punch and another is a new structure of combined punch. The new structure of combined punch is added the step and inclined edge at the cutting edge on the basis of conventional punch. They are made of the same materials that are Cr12MoV. The new structure of combined punch and the conventional punch are studied by using numerical simulation and experimental research in this paper. During the materials forming process of hole punching, the simulation software ANSYS is used to simulate. The YZ32-100 Hydraulic press with nominal and the self-made die sets and the thick of 16mm Q235 sheet metal is selected in this experiment. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the hole surface quality of combined punch is superior to the conventional punch. It is prove that the new structure of combined punch can improve quality of punching.
Determination of Load-Carrying Capacity of Railway Concrete Bridges According to New Guideline
Authors: Vican Josef , Kotes Peter , Moravcik Martin , Odrobinak Jaroslav
Published: June 2017

The handbook "Determination of load-carrying capacity of railway bridges" [1] has grown up due to updating of old Slovak guideline [2] taking into account Eurocodes. In the case of railway bridges, there are about 2300 bridges in Slovakia and about 78 % of them are from concrete or masonry. About 28 % of bridge total number is older than 77 years and about 18 % of them are even older than 100 years. Therefore, there is need to make regular inspections, recalculate them – determine of load-carrying capacity and then to decide, which of them should be repaired or reconstructed [3,4]. The paper presents general concepts and basic assumptions for determining the load-carrying capacity of reinforced and prestressed concrete railway bridges. In contrast to design of a new bridge, additional data related to existing bridge condition and its behaviour like information from regular inspections and real state of degradation can be taken into account. Special recommendation and allowances for global analysis of existing concrete superstructures for the purpose of the load-carrying capacity estimation are discussed, as well.
Dilatation of the High-Rise Building by Inserted Field
Authors: Ivankova Olga , Stellmach Marian , Konecna Lenka
Published: June 2017

The dilatation of the high-rise building by inserted field is the main topic of this paper. This building contains of two “towers” with different heights (8-storey and 25-storey), which are linked by inserted field. The description of the building and applied loads are shortly mentioned. The paper is mainly focused on the importance of the dilatation and its types, the modelling of inserted field and its structural solutions. The comparisons of horizontal forces due to the wind load and seismic load are presented at the end. The solution was recalculated for four seismic areas in Slovakia, where different values of basic seismic acceleration ar are. Also, the maximum horizontal deflections calculated for three alternatives of the building (without dilatation, with continuous dilatation 50 mm located between two “towers” passing through the foundation, with dilatation by inserted field between two “towers”) due to static wind load are presented here.
Determination of Material Parameters for Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Kubosek Jan , Vaskova Jana
Published: June 2017

The aim of the paper is a nonlinear analysis of concrete structures. For these type of tasks is an important suitable choice of model input parameters and concrete. Especially if the analysis is preceding the results of an experiment, which can determine the exact properties of concrete. The following properties of concrete are needed for nonlinear analysis: tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete. There are more procedures how to determine some unknown input parameters. The paper presents some approaches to calculating and selecting parameters, which are based primarily on the recommendations of the Model Code and professional articles. Specifically, the numerical analysis performed in our developed program which allows observing a nonlinear behaviour of concrete at loading case.
Analysis of Natural Frequencies of Voided Biaxial Concrete Slabs
Authors: Jendzelovsky Norbert , Zabakova Vrablova Kristina
Published: June 2017

Voided slabs using voids formed by permanent fillers or removable forms have been used in reinforced concrete floor systems for more than 100 years. In this article we will focus on the natural frequency of voided biaxial slabs system Cobiax. Cobiax void former modules are synthetic hollow spheres or rotational ellipsoids mounted in the relevant spaces between the upper and lower reinforcement. We have analyzed the slabs of different thicknesses with adequate void former modules and spans following the manufacturer's recommendations. All models were considered as simply supported slabs. Natural frequencies calculated using simplified analytical methods have been compared with those obtained by numerical methods. Numerical calculation was done using the 2D elements with reduced properties and using the accurate 3D model of a structure.
Pedestrian Wind Comfort around the Reinforced-Concrete Atypical Structure
Authors: Hubova Olga , Konecna Lenka , Macak Marek , Ciglan Gabriel
Published: June 2017

The high-rise buildings in built-up areas affect the surrounding pedestrian-level wind environment. Unpleasant gust strong wind especially between the buildings, on corners, the crossing points and passages, will experience these locations as not comfortable or dangerous. The series of parametric wind tunnel studies were carried out to investigate the effects of building width, height and the gap width between buildings on the pedestrian-level wind environment. In the article, we will discuss build up area around designed reinforced concrete structure with atypical shape - TWIN CITY A1 Bratislava (developer company: HB Reavis). We indicated the high wind speed areas for discomfort under strong wind conditions experimentally in BLWT wind tunnel and using CFD simulation.
It is important to note that the wind effects applied on the reinforced-concrete structures and occurring around these structures are one of the most important input parameters in their design. Therefore, they should not be neglected. As it was mentioned above, this paper deals only with the wind effects occurring around the examined structure. The wind effects applied on the structure – determination of the external wind pressure coefficients, were discussed in [1].
Analysis of Model Foundation Slab Focused on Strain Gauge Measurement
Authors: Litvan David , Mateckova Pavlina , Smirakova Martina
Published: June 2017

Interaction analysis between foundation structure and subsoil and credential assessment of stress in the subsoil and internal forces in foundation structure are discussed in research conferences and scientific journals in the long term. Since 2012 research team at Faculty of civil engineering VSB - TU Ostrava has tested a few slabs with dimensions 2 x 2 m with thickness from 0.12 to 0.2 m. Complex testing comprises measurement of slab deformations, stress in the subsoil and measurement of stress in foundation slab using strain gauges. Slabs were made of plain concrete, reinforced concrete, pre-stressed concrete and fibre concrete. In the paper there are particular test results of stress measured in the foundation structure. Measured values are compared with calculated values. Strain gauge measurement efficiency and optimisation is discussed.
Design of Bitumen Asphalt Belt Sliding Joint Based on Experiment Results
Authors: Mateckova Pavlina , Smirakova Martina , Kubosek Jan , Čajka Radim
Published: June 2017

Foundation structures are usually exposed to dominant vertical load. However, in some cases there is also significant value of horizontal load caused e.g. by horizontal terrain deformation on areas attached with underground mining or by horizontal deformation of foundation structure due to pre-stressing, creep, shrinkage, and temperature variation. Through the friction between subsoil and foundations, the foundation structure must resist significant normal forces. The idea of sliding joints between subsoil and foundation structure, which eliminates the friction in footing bottom, comes from the 1970’s. The bitumen asphalt belt given rheological properties has been proven as an effective material for sliding joints. In the paper there are test results of shear resistance of currently used asphalt belts. The test results are used for subsoil shear stress analysis in model example of strip foundation. Shear resistance is calculated according to Czech code for designing buildings on undermined area and also using advanced FEM analysis.
Experimental Assessment of Structural Damping of Industrial Boiler Structure
Authors: Protivinsky Jiri , Kubzova Monika , Krejsa Martin
Published: June 2017

This article focuses on the estimation of a proper logarithmic damping decrement in industrial boilers when flue gases travel in the vertical direction. The structure for this type of facility is quite unified worldwide. The structural conception is rather simple, and the response to any static loading is predictable. Nevertheless, with regard to dynamics and damping, some specifics in the detailed solution make this system unique. For the purpose of this analysis, a Plexiglas scale model was prepared at a geometric scale of 1:20. A set of experimental modal analyses was performed on the model. Each test focused on the damping effect of specific details and compared it with the common structure without a damping effect. Finally, a site modal analysis was conducted on an actual boiler located in the CHP Torun Plant in Poland. The upper part of the structure was reinforced to have a horizontal deflection of 8 mm and was suddenly released. The resulting movement was recorded with an HD camera linked to a theodolite. Experimental results on the scale model of the actual structure confirmed that damping of this type of structure is significantly higher than that considered for common steel structures.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Nonlinear Response of Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure from Seismic Effects
Authors: Veghova Ivana
Published: June 2017

Using capacity spectrum method was analyzed frame reinforced concrete structures. Capacity spectrum method has been used to analyse frame reinforced concrete structures. Geometry, material properties and reinforced cross sections were designed by experimental tested model of reinforced concrete frame joints in the scale of 1:1. The results were compared with the results of the analysis of the structure of the same geometrical characteristics but of standard material properties of concrete and steel.
The Possible Causes of Damage to Concrete Tanks, Numerical Experiment of Fluid-Structure-Soil Interaction
Authors: Kotrasova Kamila , Hegedusova Iveta , Harabinova Slavka , Panulinova Eva , Kormanikova Eva
Published: June 2017

Ground-supported open top circular concrete tanks are critical and strategic structures. There tanks are used in the commercial and industrial applications to store a variety of liquids as water or other products such as liquid chemicals and hazardous substance. Damages or collapse of containers may be due to the influence of surrounding aggressive environments or an earthquake. This paper provides numerical model on seismic response of fluid - structure - soil interaction. The article also will be described impact aggressive environment in terms of standards and its impact on the quality of the concrete tank.
Analysis of Permanent Lining of Branisko Tunnel
Authors: Chabronova Jana , Bednar Marek , Snopko Jan
Published: June 2017

Structural layouts of the tunnel concrete linings are dictated by various factors; to name the most influential ones: geology and hydrological conditions, overburden depth, size and shape of the tunnel and the method of excavation and support. Varying tunnel lining thicknesses and loading conditions, imposed by the above factors, require multiple computations to represent typical and critical cross sections and which are relevant for the structural designs. In contrast to the temporary (primary) lining, where some failures of the lining can be tolerated and may be used in the lining design, a permanent concrete lining has to be designed for a maintenance-free life of 50 or more years. Consequently, all the loads that may occur during the operational life of the tunnel have to be taken into account. This article deals with analysis of the geotechnical monitoring results from the Branisko tunnel which was carried out during 2003 – 2013. One part of geotechnical monitoring was checking of cracks which were created during construction of the permanent lining. Measured data are utilized for comparison of static calculations of the supposed load cases of permanent lining with real state of stresses. The static analysis has been performed in two different models developed for different static patterns.
A Method to Predict the Punching Shear Strength of Flat Slabs with Shear Reinforcement Using a Strut-and-Tie Model
Authors: Lyčka Lukáš , Stepanek Petr
Published: June 2017

The use of flat slabs in constructions due to its many functional and economic advantages is wide-spread. Behavior of flat slabs in shear and flexure is a fairly complex problem. Therefore, the punching shear failure belongs to one of the most critical aspects in the design of concrete buildings.The purpose of this paper is to describe a framework of the proposed method for predicting the punching shear of flat slabs with shear reinforcement. Most of the current codes in force are mainly based on empirical formulation. The proposed method is based on a strut-and-tie model and therefore could be considered as an analytical approach. For the purpose of demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method, the method is compared with some of the main methods currently in use, such as Eurocode EC2, ACI 318 and Model Code 2010. The comparison consists of results of more than 90 experiments on flat slabs with shear reinforcement, gathered from publications from all around the world.
3D Numerical Model of the Subsoil-Structure Interaction and Comparison of the Results with Experimentally Measured Values
Authors: Vaskova Jana , Čajka Radim
Published: June 2017

The influence of the physically-nonlinear behaviour of the structure and interaction between the upper structure and foundation are the aspects which influence the results of the subsoil-structure interaction analysis. The experimental measurement of stress and strain and monitoring of stress-strain relations by interaction of foundation structures with subsoil are also performed at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, VŠB-TU Ostrava. Numerical analyses of contact task was made with FEM. The test sample for the task was a steel-fibre reinforced concrete foundation slab model loaded during experimental loading test. The calculated values of the subsidence do not correspond to the measured values of foundation subsidence of existing buildings, or values measured during the experiments. Results of the solutions are also different and depend on the choice of the model of the subsoil. Using several FEM software tools were made numerical analyses. Results of FEM analyses were also confronted with the values measured during the experiment.
Modeling the Load Test of Vertical Resistance of Pile
Authors: Prekop Lubomir
Published: June 2017

This paper deals with the modeling of the load test of vertical resistance of reinforced concrete piles. The pile is a part of a group of piles with reinforced concrete heads. The head is pressed with steel arches of a bridge on highway Jablonov - Studenec. Pile model is created in ANSYS with several models of foundation having properties found out from geotechnical survey. Finally some crucial results obtained from computer models are presented and compared with these obtained from experiment.
Response of a Reinforced Concrete Slab to the Suddenly Applied Load
Authors: Marton Pavol
Published: June 2017

In this paper the response of a reinforced concrete slab to a time variable load is presented. The time course of loading is in the first phase defined by a linearly increasing function and in the second phase by a constant function. The response is solved by a modified method of matrix functions.
An Engineering Heat and Mass Transport Model Utilized for Concrete at Fire
Authors: Matusikova Anna , Rozehnalova Petra , Girgle Frantisek , Kostiha Vojtech , Stepanek Petr
Published: June 2017

Mathematical models which can sufficiently describe processes proceeding in concrete during fire play an important role when assessing a load bearing capacity of concrete structures. In this paper a coupled heat and mass transport model based on principles of conservation of mass and energy is presented. A 2D computational solver using FEM was created to find three unknowns – a temperature, an amount of free water and a magnitude of pore pressure in concrete cross section during rapid heating. These variables, mutually connected through state equation, are necessary not only for determination the load bearing capacity of concrete element but also for prediction of concrete spalling. A parametric study of numerical results influenced by material properties of concrete (e.g. permeability, thermal conductivity) and initial conditions (e.g. relative humidity, temperature) is introduced and discussed in the end.
Numerical Models of Wind Effects on Temperature Loaded Object
Authors: Michalcova Vladimira , Lausova Lenka , Skotnicova Iveta , Kuznetsov Sergej
Published: June 2017

Wind climate influencing wind loads on buildings and other structures, as well as the dispersion of pollutants from various surfaces is essentially determined by small-scale motions and processes occurring in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). The physical and thermal properties of the underlying surface, in conjunction with the dynamics and thermodynamics of the lower atmosphere influence the distribution of wind velocity in thermally stratified ABL. Atmospheric turbulence is characterized by a high degree of irregularity, three-dimensionality, diffusivity, dissipation, and a wide range of motion scales.
This article describes a change of selected turbulent variables in the surroundings of flow around a thermally loaded object. The problem is solved numerically in Ansys Fluent 13.0 software using LES (Large eddy simulation) models as well as the Transition SST (Shear Stress Transport) model that is able to take into account the difference between high and low turbulence at the interface between the wake behind an obstacle and the free stream. The results are mutually compared and verified with experimental measurements in the wind tunnel.
Analysis of Creep Effects in a Concrete Beam Using Various Software
Authors: Tvrdá Katarina , Drienovska Jana
Published: June 2017

This article deals with determination of the strain of the beam caused by the creep effect. Instant deflection and simulation of creep function have been examined by SCIA Engineer, ANSYS and Marc software. Creep is a complex phenomenon, which is in every software configured differently. Therefore we would like to compare results of calculations obtained using various finite element method software. With increasing time, the deformation of a beam becomes non-linear analysis. Analysis involved monitoring of deflection in the middle of the beam depending on the time. In SCIA Engineer construction stages were created with the creep factor based on period of load. In the ANSYS software different method was selected and creep curve of concrete had been defined.
Bedrock erosional features and landforms, Cantley, Quebec: GAC-MAC field trip, May 28, 2011
Authors: Sharpe D R
Published: June 2017

Several erosional forms on bedrock at Cantley, Quebec, differ from well-known glacial abrasion forms. The forms consist of obstacle marks, hollows, depressions, and channels, which are defined by sharp rims, smooth inner surfaces, divergent flow features, and
remnant ridges. These forms are found on lee, lateral, and overhung rock surfaces. This assemblage of features is best explained by differential erosion produced by separation eddies along lines of flow reattachment. Rapid, sediment-laden, turbulent, subglacial melt-water flows likely produced the
forms by corrasion and cavitation erosion.
Ice-abrasion forms, such as striations, and such plucked forms as gouges and crescentic fractures are also present at the Cantley site. Pitted forms, polishing, and carbonate precipitate are also found. The occurrence of abrasion, pitting, polishing, and lee-side carbonate precipitate with meltwater
forms suggests that the meltwater flows were subglacial. Decoupling of abrading ice from its bed temporarily suspended glacial abrasion, whereas reattachment of ice to the bed may have led to the rounding of sharp edges and the production of striations superposed on the glaciofluvial forms.
The association of forms produced both by glaciofluvial erosion and ice abrasion suggests that the glacier was alternately lifted from, and reattached to, the bed during periodic subglacial floods. These floods may have affected the dynamics of the ice sheet, and depositional sequences related to
high-energy meltwater outbursts probably were laid down in adjacent basins.
Development of Multivariable Models to Predict and Benchmark Transfusion in Elective Surgery Supporting Patient Blood Management
Authors: Hayn Dieter , Kreiner Karl , Ebner Hubert , Kastner Peter , Breznik Nada , Rzepka Angelika , Hofmann Axel , Gombotz Hans , Schreier Günter
Published: June 2017

Background: Blood transfusion is a highly prevalent procedure in hospitalized patients and in some clinical scenarios it has lifesaving potential. However, in most cases transfusion is administered to hemodynamically stable patients with no benefit, but increased odds of adverse patient outcomes and substantial direct and indirect cost. Therefore, the concept of Patient Blood Management has increasingly gained importance to pre-empt and reduce transfusion and to identify the optimal transfusion volume for an individual patient when transfusion is indicated.

Objectives: It was our aim to describe, how predictive modeling and machine learning tools applied on pre-operative data can be used to predict the amount of red blood cells to be transfused during surgery and to prospectively optimize blood ordering schedules. In addition, the data derived from the predictive models should be used to benchmark different hospitals concerning their blood transfusion patterns.

Methods: 6,530 case records obtained for elective surgeries from 16 centers taking part in two studies conducted in 2004–2005 and 2009–2010 were analyzed. Transfused red blood cell volume was predicted using random forests. Separate models were trained for overall data, for each center and for each of the two studies. Important characteristics of different models were compared with one another.

Results: Our results indicate that predictive modeling applied prior surgery can predict the transfused volume of red blood cells more accurately (correlation coefficient cc = 0.61) than state of the art algorithms (cc = 0.39). We found significantly different patterns of feature importance a) in different hospitals and b) between study 1 and study 2.

Conclusion: We conclude that predictive modeling can be used to benchmark the importance of different features on the models derived with data from different hospitals. This might help to optimize crucial processes in a specific hospital, even in other scenarios beyond Patient Blood Management.

Citation: Hayn D, Kreiner K, Ebner H, Kastner P, Breznik N, Rzepka A, Hofmann A, Gombotz H, Schreier G. Development of multivariable models to predict and benchmark transfusion in elective surgery supporting patient blood management. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 617–631 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-11-RA-0195
Radiative and climate effects of stratospheric sulfur geoengineering using seasonally varying injection areas
Authors: Laakso Anton , Korhonen Hannele , Romakkaniemi Sami , Kokkola Harri
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Stratospheric sulfur injections have often been suggested as a cost-effective geoengineering method to prevent or slow down global warming. In geoengineering studies, these injections are commonly targeted to the Equator, where the yearly mean intensity of the solar radiation is the highest and from where the aerosols disperse globally due to the Brewer–Dobson Circulation. However, compensating for greenhouse gas-induced zonal warming by reducing solar radiation would require a relatively larger radiative forcing to the mid- and high latitudes and a lower forcing to the low latitudes than what is achieved by continuous equatorial injections. In this study we employ alternative aerosol injection scenarios to investigate if the resulting radiative forcing can be targeted to be zonally more uniform without decreasing the global the mean radiative forcing of stratospheric sulfur geoengineering. We used a global aerosol–climate model together with an Earth system model to study the radiative and climate effects of stratospheric sulfur injection scenarios with different injection areas. According to our simulations, varying the SO2 injection area seasonally would result in a similar global mean cooling effect as injecting SO2 to the Equator, but with a more uniform zonal distribution of shortwave radiative forcing. Compared to the case of equatorial injections, in the seasonally varying injection scenario where the maximum sulfur production from injected SO2 followed the maximum of solar radiation, the shortwave radiative forcing decreased by 27 % over the Equator (the latitudes between 20° N and 20° S) and increased by 15 % over higher latitudes. Compared to the continuous injections to the Equator, in summer months the radiative forcing was increased by 17 and 14 % and in winter months decreased by 14 and 16 % in Northern and Southern hemispheres, respectively. However, these forcings do not translate into as large changes in temperatures. The changes in forcing would only lead to 0.05 K warmer winters and 0.05 K cooler summers in the Northern Hemisphere, which is roughly 3 % of the cooling resulting from solar radiation management scenarios studied here.
Investigating the quality of modeled aerosol profiles based on combined lidar and sunphotometer data
Authors: Siomos Nikolaos , Balis Dimitris S. , Poupkou Anastasia , Liora Natalia , Dimopoulos Spyridon , Melas Dimitris , Giannakaki Eleni , Filioglou Maria , Basart Sara , Chaikovsky Anatoli
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this study we present an evaluation of the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) for Thessaloniki using radiometric and lidar data. The aerosol mass concentration profiles of CAMx are compared against the PM2.5 and PM2. 5−10 concentration profiles retrieved by the Lidar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC). The CAMx model and the LIRIC algorithm results were compared in terms of mean mass concentration profiles, center of mass and integrated mass concentration in the boundary layer and the free troposphere. The mean mass concentration comparison resulted in profiles within the same order of magnitude and similar vertical structure for the PM2. 5 particles. The mean centers of mass values are also close, with a mean bias of 0.57 km. On the opposite side, there are larger differences for the PM2. 5−10 mode, both in the boundary layer and in the free troposphere. In order to grasp the reasons behind the discrepancies, we investigate the effect of aerosol sources that are not properly included in the model's emission inventory and in the boundary conditions such as the wildfires and the desert dust component. The identification of the cases that are affected by wildfires is performed using wind backward trajectories from the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model in conjunction with satellite fire pixel data from MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua global monthly fire location product MCD14ML. By removing those cases the correlation coefficient improves from 0.69 to 0.87 for the PM2. 5 integrated mass in the boundary layer and from 0.72 to 0.89 in the free troposphere. The PM2.5 center of mass fractional bias also decreases to 0.38 km. Concerning the analysis of the desert dust component, the simulations from the Dust Regional Atmospheric Model (BSC-DREAM8b) were deployed. When only the Saharan dust cases are taken into account, BSC-DREAM8b generally outperforms CAMx when compared with LIRIC, achieving a correlation of 0.91 and a mean bias of −29.1 % for the integrated mass in the free troposphere and a correlation of 0.57 for the center of mass. CAMx, on the other hand, underestimates the integrated mass in the free troposphere. Consequently, the accuracy of CAMx is limited concerning the transported Saharan dust cases. We conclude that the performance of CAMx appears to be best for the PM2.5 particles, both in the boundary layer and in the free troposphere. Sources of particles not properly taken into account by the model are confirmed to negatively affect its performance, especially for the PM2. 5−10 particles.
Quantifying pollution transport from the Asian monsoon anticyclone into the lower stratosphere
Authors: Ploeger Felix , Konopka Paul , Walker Kaley , Riese Martin
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Pollution transport from the surface to the stratosphere within the Asian monsoon circulation may cause harmful effects on stratospheric chemistry and climate. Here, we investigate air mass transport from the monsoon anticyclone into the stratosphere using a Lagrangian chemistry transport model. We show how two main transport pathways from the anticyclone emerge: (i) into the tropical stratosphere (tropical pipe), and (ii) into the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical lower stratosphere. Maximum anticyclone air mass fractions reach around 5 % in the tropical pipe and 15 % in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere over the course of a year. The anticyclone air mass fraction correlates well with satellite hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon monoxide (CO) observations, confirming that pollution is transported deep into the tropical stratosphere from the Asian monsoon anticyclone. Cross-tropopause transport occurs in a vertical chimney, but with the pollutants transported quasi-horizontally along isentropes above the tropopause into the tropics and NH.
Synchronizing early Eocene deep-sea and continental records – new cyclostratigraphic age models from the Bighorn Basin Coring Project
Authors: Westerhold Thomas , Röhl Ursula , Wilkens Roy , Gingerich Philip D. , Clyde Will , Wing Scott , Bowen Gabe , Kraus Mary
Published: June 2017

Abstract. A consistent stratigraphic framework is required to understand the effect of major climate perturbations of the geological past on both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Transient global warming events in the early Eocene, 56–54 Ma ago, show the impact of large scale input of carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system. Here we provide the first time-scale synchronization of continental and marine deposits spanning the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and the interval just prior to the Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2). Cyclic variations in geochemical data come from continental drill cores of the Bighorn Basin Drilling Project (BBCP, Wyoming, USA) and from marine deep-sea drilling deposits retrieved by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). Both are dominated by eccentricity modulated precession cycles that are used to construct a common cyclostratigraphic framework. Integration of age models results in a revised astrochronology for the PETM in deep-sea records that is now generally consistent with independent 3He age models. The duration of the PETM is estimated at ~ 200 kyr for the CIE and ~ 120 kyr for the pelagic clay layer. A common terrestrial and marine age model shows a concurrent major change in marine and terrestrial biotas ~ 200 kyr before ETM-2. In the Bighorn Basin, the change is referred to as Biohorizon B, and it represents a period of significant mammalian turnover and immigration, separating the upper Haplomylus-Ectocion Range Zone from the Bunophorus Interval Zone and approximating the Wa-4–Wa-5 land mammal zone boundary. In sediments from ODP Site 1262 (Walvis Ridge), major changes in the biota at this time are documented by the radiation of a 2nd generation of apical spine-bearing sphenoliths species (e.g., S. radians and S. editus), the emergence of T. orthostylus, and the marked decline of D. multiradiatus.