bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sclerostin expression in trabecular bone is downregulated by osteoclasts
Authors: Koide Masanori , Yamashita Teruhito , Murakami Kohei , Uehara Shunsuke , Nakamura Keigo , Nakamura Midori , Matsushita Mai , Ara Toshiaki , Yasuda Hisataka , Penninger Josef M. , Takahashi Naoyuki , Udagawa Nobuyuki , Kobayashi Yasuhiro
Published: August 2020

Bone tissues have trabecular bone with a high bone turnover and cortical bone with a low turnover. The mechanisms by which the turnover rate of these bone tissues is determined remain unclear. Osteocytes secrete sclerostin, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling antagonist, and inhibit bone formation. We found that sclerostin expression in cortical bone is more marked than in trabecular bone inSostreporter mice. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) secreted from osteoclasts reportedly suppressed sclerostin expression and promoted bone formation. Here, we report that osteoclasts downregulate sclerostin expression in trabecular bone and promote bone turnover. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with an anti-RANKL antibody eliminated the number of osteoclasts and LIF-positive cells in trabecular bone. The number of sclerostin-positive cells was increased in trabecular bone, while the number of β-catenin-positive cells and bone formation were decreased in trabecular bone. Besides,Tnfsf11heterozygous (Rankl+/−) mice exhibited a decreased number of LIF-positive cells and increased number of sclerostin-positive cells in trabecular bone.Rankl+/−mice exhibited a decreased number of β-catenin-positive cells and reduced bone formation in trabecular bone. Furthermore, in cultured osteoclasts, RANKL stimulation increasedLifmRNA expression, suggesting that RANKL signal increased LIF expression. In conclusion, osteoclasts downregulate sclerostin expression and promote trabecular bone turnover.
Coagulation using organic carbonates opens up a sustainable route towards regenerated cellulose films
Authors: Nguyen Mai N. , Kragl Udo , Barke Ingo , Lange Regina , Lund Henrik , Frank Marcus , Springer Armin , Aladin Victoria , Corzilius Björn , Hollmann Dirk
Published: August 2020

Due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility and sustainable nature, regenerated cellulose (RC) films are of enormous relevance for green applications including medicinal, environmental and separation technologies. However, the processes used so far are very hazardous to the environment and health. Here, we disclose a simple, fast, environmentally friendly, nontoxic and cost-effective processing method for preparing RC films. High quality non-transparent and transparent RC films and powders can be produced by dissolution with tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide [TBPH]/[TBP]+[OH]−followed by coagulation with organic carbonates. Investigations on the coagulation mechanism revealed an extremely fast reaction between the carbonates and the hydroxide ions. The high-quality powders and films were fully characterized with respect to structure, surface morphology, permeation and selectivity. This method represents a future-oriented green alternative to known industrial processes.
Experimental and theoretical confirmation of an orthorhombic phase transition in niobium at high pressure and temperature
Authors: Errandonea Daniel , Burakovsky Leonid , Preston Dean L. , MacLeod Simon G. , Santamaría-Perez David , Chen Shaoping , Cynn Hyunchae , Simak Sergey I. , McMahon Malcolm I. , Proctor John E. , Mezouar Mohamed
Published: August 2020

Compared to other body-centered cubic (bcc) transition metals, Nb has been the subject of fewer compression studies and there are still aspects of its phase diagram which are unclear. Here, we report a combined theoretical and experimental study of Nb under high pressure and temperature. We present the results of static laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments up to 120 GPa using synchrotron-based fast x-ray diffraction combined with ab initio quantum molecular dynamics simulations. The melting curve of Nb is determined and evidence for a solid-solid phase transformation in Nb with increasing temperature is found. The high-temperature phase of Nb is orthorhombic Pnma. The bcc-Pnma transition is clearly seen in the experimental data on the Nb principal Hugoniot. The bcc-Pnma coexistence observed in our experiments is explained. Agreement between the measured and calculated melting curves is very good except at 40–60 GPa where three experimental points lie below the theoretical melting curve by 250 K (or 7%); a possible explanation is given.
Inspiration, inoculation, and introductions are all critical to successful mentorship for undergraduate women pursuing geoscience careers
Authors: Hernandez Paul R. , Adams Amanda S. , Barnes Rebecca T. , Bloodhart Brittany , Burt Melissa , Clinton Sandra M. , Du Wenyi , Henderson Heather , Pollack Ilana , Fischer Emily V.
Published: August 2020

Diversity in the geosciences is low despite efforts to improve the representation of different groups in society, for example in terms of gender. Specifically, women are underrepresented in recruitment and retention at every stage of the academic to professional pipeline. Mentoring programs can improve women’s motivation and persistence in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) career pathways. However, mentorship programs consist of multiple components that vary in complexity and cost, which can limit scalability. Here we present results from a randomized experiment with 158 undergraduate women majoring in a geoscience field to identify the critical elements of a successful mentorship program. The combination of three factors was necessary to increase mentoring, motivation, and persistence: inspiration through exposure to geoscience careers via female role models, inoculation through training on how to grow their mentor network and overcome obstacles, and an introduction to a local female geoscientist mentor.
All-printed semiquantitative paper-based analytical devices relying on QR code array readout
Authors: Katoh Aya , Maejima Kento , Hiruta Yuki , Citterio Daniel
Published: August 2020

Colorimetric assay enabling user independent semiquantitative result readout through an array of sequentially unmasked QR codes.
Synthesis of a CuNP/chitosan/black phosphorus nanocomposite for non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensing
Authors: Zhao Yun , Zhuge Zhen , Tang Yi-Hong , Tao Jian-Wei
Published: August 2020

A copper–chitosan–black phosphorus nanocomposite was fabricated through a simple, electrochemical method. The synthesized non-enzymatic CuNPs–Chit–BP nanocomposite exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide.
From centrosymmetric to noncentrosymmetric: intriguing structure evolution in d10-transition metal iodate fluorides
Authors: Cao Liling , Luo Min , Lin Chensheng , Zhou Yuqiao , Zhao Dan , Yan Tao , Ye Ning
Published: August 2020

The first d10-transition metal iodate fluoride, centrosymmetric ZnIO3F, was successfully transformed into noncentrosymmetric CdIO3F, resulting from the asymmetric nature of the [IO3]− groups by the substitution of Zn2+ with Cd2+.
Unraveling the structural stability and the electronic structure of ThO2 clusters
Authors: Aguirre Néstor F. , Jung Julie , Yang Ping
Published: August 2020

Unraveling the correlations between the geometry, the relative energy and the electronic structure of actinide oxide nanostructures is crucial for a better control of their size, shape and properties.
Identification of a previously unreported co-crystal form of acetazolamide: a combination of multiple experimental and virtual screening methods
Authors: Manin Alex N. , Drozd Ksenia V. , Surov Artem O. , Churakov Andrei V. , Volkova Tatyana V. , Perlovich German L.
Published: August 2020

In this work, we demonstrate an approach of trying multiple methods in a more comprehensive search for co-crystals of acetazolamide.
Electroresponsive structuring and friction of a non-halogenated ionic liquid in a polar solvent: effect of concentration
Authors: Pilkington Georgia A. , Oleshkevych Anna , Pedraz Patricia , Watanabe Seiya , Radiom Milad , Reddy Akepati Bhaskar , Vorobiev Alexei , Glavatskih Sergei , Rutland Mark W.
Published: August 2020

Neutron reflectivity and atomic force microscopy results reveal the electroresponsive interfacial structuring and nano-frictional properties of ionic liquid (IL) lubricant mixtures with a polar solvent are strongly dependent on bulk IL concentration.
Dual mechanism of ionic liquid-induced protein unfolding
Authors: Singh Onkar , Lee Pei-Yin , Matysiak Silvina , Bermudez Harry
Published: August 2020

Ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining attention as protein stabilizers and refolding additives.
Charge transfer and strain tuned antiferromagnetism in the two-dimensional CrCl3/[Mo2C(–O)]2 heterojunction
Authors: Zhao Mingyu , Dai Xianqi , Tang Yanan
Published: August 2020

A strain can tune the direct exchange of Cr–Cr atom in the CrCl3/[Mo2C(–O)]2 heterojunction which leads to a high Néel temperature.
Effecting structural diversity in a series of Co(ii)–organic frameworks by the interplay between rigidity of a dicarboxylate and flexibility of bis(tridentate) spanning ligands
Authors: Laha Biswajit , Khullar Sadhika , Gogia Alisha , Mandal Sanjay K.
Published: August 2020

Utilizing the angular and rigid thiophene dicarboxylate, diversity in metal organic frameworks of Co(ii) is demonstrated based on the flexible and semiflexible spacers in the bis(tridentate) spanning ligands.
A gourd-like hollow mesoporous silica particle-supported Ag/AgBr Schottky junction for highly efficient mineralization of tetracycline hydrochloride
Authors: Li Wei , Chu Xiao-shan , He Shu-ao , Wang Xue-chuan , Wang Chuan-yi
Published: August 2020

Gourd-like hollow mesoporous silica particles with large surface area supporting the Ag/AgBr Schottky junction for a high-efficieny TTC mineralization.
Advances of nitrogen microwave plasma for optical emission spectrometry and applications in elemental analysis: a review
Authors: Müller Alexandre , Pozebon Dirce , Dressler Valderi L.
Published: August 2020

The N2-sustained microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (N2-MIP OES) has been increasingly applied for metals and non-metals determination in different fields.
Improvement of the strength of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels by the incorporation of functionally modified nanocrystalline Cellulose
Authors: Hossain Md. Amzad , Roy Chanchal Kumar , Sarkar Stephen Don , Roy Hridoy , Howlader A. Hasan , Firoz Shakhawat H.
Published: August 2020

Incorporation of dicarboxylate nanocrystalline cellulose (DCNC) and dialdehyde nanocrystalline cellulose (DANC) into poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hydrogel remarkably improved the mechanical performance.
Peptide-based delivery vectors with pre-defined geometrical locks
Authors: Goyal Ruchika , Jerath Gaurav , Chandrasekharan Aneesh , Kumar T. R. Santhosh , Ramakrishnan Vibin
Published: August 2020

Design of topologically fixed heterochiral peptide-based delivery vectors for selective cellular targeting, drug delivery and biocompatibility under serum treatment conditions.
Hydrogen bond-modulated molecular packing and its applications in high-performance non-doped organic electroluminescence
Authors: Shi Yizhong , Wang Kai , Tsuchiya Youichi , Liu Wei , Komino Takeshi , Fan Xiaochun , Sun Dianming , Dai Gaole , Chen Jiaxiong , Zhang Ming , Zheng Caijun , Xiong Shiyun , Ou Xuemei , Yu Jia , Jie Jiansheng , Lee Chun-Sing , Adachi Chihaya , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: August 2020

Suitable intermolecular hydrogen bonding enables the formation of a fixed 3D supramolecular framework and suppresses the exciton nonradiative decays and quenching.
Identification of stem cells from large cell populations with topological scoring
Authors: Sardiu Mihaela E. , Box Andrew C. , Haug Jeffrey S. , Washburn Michael P.
Published: August 2020

Machine learning and topological analysis methods are becoming increasingly used on various large-scale omics datasets.
Upregulation of FABP7 inhibits acute kidney injury-induced TCMK-1 cell apoptosis via activating the PPAR gamma signalling pathway
Authors: Xu Deyu , Shen Lei , Zhou Ling , Sha Wengang , Yang Jing , Lu Guoyuan
Published: August 2020

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently seen critical disorder in the clinic.
Fabrication of novel CuAgZnSnSe4–Cu2ZnSnSe4thin film solar cells by the vacuum evaporation method
Authors: Henry Johnson , Mohanraj Kannusamy , Sivakumar Ganesan
Published: August 2020

The heterojunction solar cells based on the glass/X/CAZTSe/CZTSe/Ag structure (X = Al, Cu, Ag, FTO, and AZO) were fabricated by the vacuum evaporation method. The heterojunction solar cells showed poor efficiency.
Optimization of a doped sol–gel glass with a nanoporous structure as a chemical sensor for the determination of cobalt(ii): analysis of food, pharmaceutical and biological samples
Authors: Zarei poor Masood , Rezaei Vida
Published: August 2020

A PAN incorporated sol–gel glass with a nanoporous structure as an optical sensor for the detection of Co(ii).
Bio-inspired construction of melanin-like polydopamine-coated CeO2 as a high-performance visible-light-driven photocatalyst for hydrogen production
Authors: Sridharan M. , Kamaraj P. , Vennila R. , Huh Yun Suk , Arthanareeswari M.
Published: August 2020

In recent years, cerium oxide has been the most widely studied photocatalyst due to its unique properties.
Bifunctional electrochromic-energy storage materials with enhanced performance obtained by hybridizing TiO2nanowires with POMs
Authors: Qu Xiaoshu , Fu Yu , Ma Chao , Yang Yanyan , Shi Dan , Chu Dongxue , Yu Xiaoyang
Published: August 2020

A bifunctional electrochromic-energy storage film with enhanced performance is designed and fabricated by hybridizing TiO2nanowires with POMs.
Ultrathin nanowire PdX2 (X = P, As): stability, electronic transport and thermoelectric properties
Authors: Bhuyan Prabal Dev , Sonvane Yogesh , Gajjar P. N. , Ahuja Rajeev , Gupta Sanjeev K.
Published: August 2020

Nano-structuring PdX2 (X = P, As) material for thermoelectric applications for the conversion of waste heat into electricity.
A versatile approach to the synthesis of mannosamine glycosides
Authors: Alex Catherine , Visansirikul Satsawat , Demchenko Alexei V.
Published: August 2020

The 3-O-picoloyl protected glycosyl donor provides high β-manno stereoselectivity, whereas 3-O-benzoylated donor leads to complete α-manno stereoselectivity.
Predicting reactivity for bioorthogonal cycloadditions involving nitrones
Authors: Nakajima Masaya , Bilodeau Didier A. , Pezacki John Paul
Published: August 2020

Nitrones are useful dipoles in both synthesis and in bioorthogonal transformations to report on biological phenomena.
A stable TiO2–graphene nanocomposite anode with high rate capability for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Farooq Umer , Ahmed Faheem , Pervez Syed Atif , Rehman Sarish , Pope Michael A. , Fichtner Maximilian , Roberts Edward P. L.
Published: August 2020

A rapid microwave hydrothermal process is adopted for the synthesis of titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites as high-performance anode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Conservation of structural arrangements and 3 : 1 stoichiometry in a series of crystalline conductors of TMTTF, TMTSF, BEDT-TTF, and chiral DM-EDT-TTF with the oxo-bis[pentafluorotantalate(v)] dianion
Authors: Mroweh Nabil , Mézière Cécile , Allain Magali , Auban-Senzier Pascale , Canadell Enric , Avarvari Narcis
Published: August 2020

Conducting radical cation salts of TMTTF, TMTSF, BEDT-TTF and DM-EDT-TTF with the oxo-bis(pentafluorotantalate) dianion [Ta2F10O]2−show similar packing and stoichiometry.
Facilitating Parental Involvement in Speech Therapy for Children With Speech Sound Disorders: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists' Practices, Perspectives, and Strategies
Authors: Tambyraja Sherine R.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study investigated the extent to which speech-language pathologists (SLPs) facilitate parents' completion of homework activities for children with speech sound disorder (SSD). In addition, this study explored factors related to more consistent communication about homework completion and strategies considered particularly effective for supporting this element of parental involvement.

Method

Licensed SLPs serving at least one child with SSD were invited to participate in an online survey. Questions relevant to this study gathered information regarding (a) frequency of communication about homework distribution and follow-up, (b) demographic and workplace characteristics, and (c) an open-ended question about the specific strategies used to support parental involvement and completion of homework activities.

Results

Descriptive results indicated considerable variability with respect to how frequently SLPs engaged in communication about homework completion, but that school-based SLPs were significantly less likely to engage in this type of follow-up. Strategies considered effective, however, were similar across therapy contexts.

Conclusion

These results suggest potentially important differences between school-based services and therapy in other contexts with respect to this particular aspect of service provision for children with SSD.
Improved MRAS based speed estimation for a vector controlled switched reluctance motor drive
Authors: Abbas Khan Yawer , Verma Vimlesh
Published: August 2020

This study deals with the unipolar excitation‐based speed sensorless vector controlled switched reluctance motor drive. For speed sensorless operation, Z‐MRAS (Z‐model reference adaptive system) based speed estimator is proposed where ‘Z’ is a fictitious quantity. This novel structure is completely independent of the stator resistance and DC component of self‐inductance. Also, in the formulation, integrator and differentiator terms are absent. The proposed formulation is perceived as stable in the entire four‐quadrant zone of operation. Detailed stability and sensitivity analysis has been carried out for the proposed estimation scheme. The practicality of the proposed formulation is confirmed through simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform and by carrying out the experimentation on a dSPACE‐1104 based prototype.
Neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies
Authors: Reichert M. , Hansen C. J. , Hanke M. , Skúladóttir Á. , Arcones A. , Grebel E. K.
Published: August 2020

Context. We present a large homogeneous set of stellar parameters and abundances across a broad range of metallicities, involving 13 classical dwarf spheroidal (dSph) and ultra-faint dSph (UFD) galaxies. In total, this study includes 380 stars in Fornax, Sagittarius, Sculptor, Sextans, Carina, Ursa Minor, Draco, Reticulum II, Bootes I, Ursa Major II, Leo I, Segue I, and Triangulum II. This sample represents the largest, homogeneous, high-resolution study of dSph galaxies to date.

Aims. With our homogeneously derived catalog, we are able to search for similar and deviating trends across different galaxies. We investigate the mass dependence of the individual systems on the production of α-elements, but also try to shed light on the long-standing puzzle of the dominant production site of r-process elements.

Methods. We used data from the Keck observatory archive and the ESO reduced archive to reanalyze stars from these 13 classical dSph and UFD galaxies. We automatized the step of obtaining stellar parameters, but ran a full spectrum synthesis (1D, local thermal equilibrium) to derive all abundances except for iron to which we applied nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium corrections where possible.

Results. The homogenized set of abundances yielded the unique possibility of deriving a relation between the onset of type Ia supernovae and the stellar mass of the galaxy. Furthermore, we derived a formula to estimate the evolution of α-elements. This reveals a universal relation of these systems across a large range in mass. Finally, we show that between stellar masses of 2.1 × 107 M⊙ and 2.9 × 105 M⊙, there is no dependence of the production of heavy r-process elements on the stellar mass of the galaxy.

Conclusions. Placing all abundances consistently on the same scale is crucial to answering questions about the chemical history of galaxies. By homogeneously analyzing Ba and Eu in the 13 systems, we have traced the onset of the s-process and found it to increase with metallicity as a function of the galaxy’s stellar mass. Moreover, the r-process material correlates with the α-elements indicating some coproduction of these, which in turn would point toward rare core-collapse supernovae rather than binary neutron star mergers as a host for the r-process at low [Fe/H] in the investigated dSph systems.
ALMA resolves molecular clouds in metal-poor Magellanic Bridge A
Authors: Valdivia-Mena M. T. , Rubio M. , Bolatto A. D. , Saldaño H. P. , Verdugo C.
Published: August 2020

Context. The Magellanic Bridge is a tidal feature located between the Magellanic Clouds, containing young stars formed in situ. Its proximity allows high-resolution studies of molecular gas, dust, and star formation in a tidal low-metallicity environment.

Aims. Our goal is to characterize gas and dust emission in Magellanic Bridge A, the source with the highest 870 μm excess of emission found in single-dish surveys.

Methods. Using the ALMA telescope including the Morita Array, we mapped a 3′ field of view centered on the Magellanic Bridge A molecular cloud, in 1.3 mm continuum emission and 12CO(2−1) line emission at subparsec resolution. This region was also mapped in continuum at 870 μm and in 12CO(2−1) line emission at ~6 pc resolution with the APEX telescope. To study its dust properties, we also use archival Herschel and Spitzer data. We combine the ALMA and APEX 12CO(2−1) line cubes to study the molecular gas emission.

Results. Magellanic Bridge A breaks up into two distinct molecular clouds in dust and 12CO(2−1) emission, which we call North and South. Dust emission in the North source, according to our best parameters from fitting the far-infrared fluxes, is ≈3 K colder than in the South source in correspondence to its less developed star formation. Both dust sources present large submillimeter excesses in LABOCA data: according to our best fits the excess over the modified blackbody (MBB) fit to the Spitzer/Herschel continuum is E(870 μm) ~ 7 and E(870 μm) ~ 3 for the North and South sources, respectively. Nonetheless, we do not detect the corresponding 1.3 mm continuum with ALMA. Our limits are compatible with the extrapolation of the MBB fits, and therefore we cannot independently confirm the excess at this longer wavelength. The 12CO(2−1) emission is concentrated in two parsec-sized clouds with virial masses of around 400 and 700 M⊙. Their bulk volume densities are n(H2) ~ 0.7−2.6 × 103 cm−3, higher than typical bulk densities of Galactic molecular clouds. The 12CO luminosity to H2 mass conversion factor αCO is 6.5 and 15.3 M⊙ (K km s−1 pc2)−1 for the North and South clouds, calculated using their respective virial masses and 12CO(2−1) luminosities. Gas mass estimates from our MBB fits to dust emission yields masses M ~ 1.3 × 103 M⊙ and 2.9 × 103 M⊙ for North and South, respectively, a factor of ~4 higher than the virial masses we infer from 12CO.
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: Di Maio C. , Argiroffi C. , Micela G. , Benatti S. , Lanza A. F. , Scandariato G. , Maldonado J. , Maggio A. , Affer L. , Claudi R.
Published: August 2020

Context. Understanding stellar activity in M dwarfs is fundamental to improving our knowledge of the physics of stellar atmospheres and for planet search programmes. High levels of stellar activity (also frequently associated with flare events) can cause additional variations in the stellar emission that contaminate the signal induced by a planet and that need to be corrected. The study of activity indicators in active stars can improve our capability of modelling the signal generated by magnetic activity.

Aims. In this work we present measurements of activity indicators at visible wavelength for a star with a high activity level, AD Leonis, observed with HARPS in 2006, and HARPS-N in 2018. Our aim is to understand the behaviour of stellar chromospheres of M stars, studying the more sensitive chromospheric activity indicators. We also focus on characterising their variability and on finding the correlations among these indicators to obtain information on the origin of the magnetic activity in low-mass stars.

Methods. We performed a study of the main optical activity indicators (Ca II H&K, Balmer lines, Na I D1,2 doublet, He I D3, and other helium lines) measured for AD Leonis using the data provided by the HARPS-N high-resolution spectrograph at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo in 2018, and by the HARPS instrument at La Silla observatory in 2006. Spectra were flux-calibrated in units of flux at the stellar surface. We measured excess flux of the selected activity indicators. The correlations between the different activity indicators as well as the temporal evolution of fluxes were analysed. A stellar flare was identified during the 2018 observing run and the Hα, Hβ, He I 4471 Å, and He I 5876 Å lines were analysed in detail by fitting the line profiles with two Gaussian components.

Results. We found that the Ca II H&K flux excesses are strongly correlated with each other, but the Ca II H&K doublet is generally less correlated with the other indicators. Moreover, Hα is correlated with Na I doublet and helium lines. Analysing the time variability of flux of the studied lines, we found a higher level of activity of the star during the observations in 2018 than in 2006, while Ca II H&K showed more intense emission on spectra obtained during the observations in 2006. Thanks to a detailed analysis of selected line profiles, we investigated the flare evaluating the mass motion during the event.
Dayside thermal inversion in the atmosphere of WASP-19b
Authors: Rajpurohit A. S. , Allard F. , Homeier D. , Mousis O. , Rajpurohit S.
Published: August 2020

Context. Observations of ultra-hot Jupiters indicate the existence of thermal inversion in their atmospheres, with dayside temperatures greater than 2200 K. Various physical mechanisms such as non-local thermal equilibrium, cloud formation, disequilibrium chemistry, ionisation, hydrodynamic waves, and associated energy have been omitted in previous spectral retrievals, while they play an important role in the thermal structure of their upper atmospheres.

Aims. We aim to explore the atmospheric properties of WASP-19b to understand its largely featureless thermal spectra using a state-of-the-art atmosphere code that includes a detailed treatment of the most important physical and chemical processes at play in such atmospheres.

Methods. We used the one-dimensional line-by-line radiative transfer code PHOENIX in its spherical symmetry configuration including the BT-Settl cloud model and C/O disequilibrium chemistry to analyse the observed thermal spectrum of WASP-19b.

Results. We find evidence for a thermal inversion in the dayside atmosphere of the highly irradiated ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-19b, with Teq ~ 2700 K. At these high temperatures we find that H2O dissociates thermally at pressures below 10−2 bar. The inverted temperature-pressure profiles of WASP-19b show evidence of CO emission features at 4.5 μm in its secondary eclipse spectra.

Conclusions. We find that the atmosphere of WASP-19b is thermally inverted. We infer that the thermal inversion is due to the strong impinging radiation. We show that H2O is partially dissociated in the upper atmosphere above about τ = 10−2, but is still a significant contributor to the infrared opacity, dominated by CO. The high-temperature and low-density conditions cause H2O to have a flatter opacity profile than in non-irradiated brown dwarfs. Altogether these factors make H2O more difficult to identify in WASP-19b. We suggest that the state-of-the-art PHOENIX model atmosphere code is well suited to the study of this new class of extrasolar planets, ultra-hot Jupiters.
RESIK and RHESSI observations of the 20 September 2002 flare
Authors: Kepa A. , Falewicz R. , Siarkowski M. , Pietras M.
Published: August 2020

Context. Soft X-ray spectra (3.33 Å–6.15 Å) from the RESIK instrument on CORONAS-F constitute a unique database for the study of the physical conditions of solar flare plasmas, enabling the calculation of differential emission measures. The two RESIK channels for the shortest wavelengths overlap with the lower end of the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) spectral energy range, which is located around 3 keV, making it possible to compare both data sets.

Aims. We aim to compare observations from RESIK and RHESSI spectrometers and cross-correlate these instruments. Observations are compared with synthetic spectra calculated based on the results of one-dimensional hydrodynamical (1D-HD) modelling. The analysis was performed for the flare on 20 September 2002 (SOL2002-09-20T09:28).

Methods. We estimated the geometry of the flaring loop, necessary for 1D-HD modelling, based on images from RHESSI and the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. The distribution of non-thermal electrons (NTEs) was determined from RHESSI spectra. The 1D-HD model assumes that non-thermal electrons with a power-law spectrum were injected at the apex of the flaring loop. The NTEs then heat and evaporate the chromosphere, filling the loop with hot and dense plasma radiating in soft X-rays. The total energy of electrons was constrained by comparing observed and calculated fluxes from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 1–8 Å data. We determined the temperature and density at every point of the flaring loop throughout the evolution of the flare, calculating the resulting X-ray spectra.

Results. The synthetic spectra calculated based on the results of hydrodynamic modelling for the 20 September 2002 flare are consistent within a factor of two with the observed RESIK spectra during most of the duration of the flare. This discrepancy factor is probably related to the uncertainty on the cross-calibration between RESIK and RHESSI instruments.
A laboratory study for occupational safety and health on the structure of airborne ultrasound fields
Authors: Schöneweiß Robert , Kling Christoph , Koch Christian
Published: August 2020

While exposure to airborne ultrasound is increasing in occupational contexts and in public and private spaces, existing demand for reliable and traceable determination of exposure to sound with frequencies above 16 kHz cannot currently be satisfied due to a lack of adequate measurement devices and procedures adapted to the specifics of airborne ultrasound. So that this study may serve as a first step for the development of a novel measurement procedure, its aim is to create a comprehensive database of the structures of airborne ultrasound fields present in occupational contexts. Based on this, the limitations of measurement procedures commonly used in the audible frequency range are clarified and the structural characteristics of airborne ultrasound fields investigated. This paper presents a laboratory study of the structure of the airborne ultrasound field of an ultrasonic welding machine, which can be considered a representative occupational source of airborne ultrasound. For this study, the technical and procedural requirements of a measuring system are derived and used to set up and calibrate a measuring system for three-dimensional, high spatial resolution scans of sound pressure levels in the laboratory. The measurement results reveal complex, extensive and very fine-structured interference patterns, some of which have sound pressure levels of up to 138 dB (re 20 μPa).
Contrast-tuneable microscopy for single-shot real-time imaging
Authors: Shimizu Isao , Saikawa Yoshinori , Uno Katsuhiro , Kano Hideaki , Shimizu Seishi
Published: August 2020

A novel real image in-line laser holography has enabled a tuneable image contrast, edge sharpness, and visualization of sub-wavelength structures, using a simple pair of filters and large-diameter lenses that can incorporate higher-order scattered beams. Demonstrated also are the accuracy in object sizing and the ease of imaging along the focal depth, based on a single-shot imaging via holographic principle. In addition, the use of broad, collimated laser beam for irradiation has led to a wider field of view, making it particularly useful for an extensive monitoring of, and sweeping search for, cells and microbial colonies and for the real-time imaging of cancer-cell dynamics.
Effective performance improvement of organic thin film transistors with multi-layer modifications
Authors: Yu Hang , Zhou Jianlin , Hao Yuanyuan , Ni Yao
Published: August 2020

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) based on dioctylbenzothienobenzothiophene (C8BTBT) and copper (Cu) electrodes were fabricated. For improving the electrical performance of the original devices, the different modifications were attempted to insert in three different positions including semiconductor/electrode interface, semiconductor bulk inside and semiconductor/insulator interface. In detail, 4,4′,4′′-tris[3-methylpheny(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) was applied between C8BTBTand Cu electrodes as hole injection layer (HIL). Moreover, the fluorinated copper phthalo-cyanine (F16CuPc) was inserted in C8BTBT/SiO2 interface to form F16CuPc/C8BTBT heterojunction or C8BTBT bulk to form C8BTBT/F16CuPc/C8BTBT sandwich configuration. Our experiment shows that, the sandwich structured OTFTs have a significant performance enhancement when appropriate thickness modification is chosen, comparing with original C8BTBT devices. Then, even the low work function metal Cu was applied, a normal p-type operate-mode C8BTBT-OTFT with mobility as high as 2.56 cm2/Vs has been fabricated.
L’influence de la carbonatation sur la biocolonisation de matériaux cimentaires dans le milieu marin
Authors: Hayek Mahmoud , Salgues Marie , Habouzit Frédéric , Bayle Sandrine , Souche Jean-Claude , De Weerdt Klartjee , Pioch Sylvain
Published: August 2020

Les ingénieurs spécialisés en génie civil doivent intégrer dans leur design des mesures de protection de la biodiversité marine de qui autorise le concept d’écoconception d’infrastructures marines respectueuses de l’environnement. Les matériaux cimentaires sont privilégiés pour concevoir les infrastructures marines et interagissent avec le milieu marin. Ces structures seront colonisées par des micro-organismes et macroorganismes marins. Dans un premier temps, les organismes forment un biofilm à la surface du béton en fonction des facteurs environnementaux et des propriétés physico-chimiques du matériau. Dans cette étude, il a été démontré que la pré-carbonatation des matériaux cimentaires accélère la croissance des micro-organismes formant le biofilm à leur surface en abaissant le pH de la surface. Il a été démontré en laboratoire que la colonisation de la surface par des micro-organismes augmente également l’hydrophobicité de la surface et pourrait ainsi améliorer la durabilité du matériau en diminuant l’absorption d’eau de mer contenant des agents agressifs.
Influence of the material microstructural properties on a 3-point bending test
Authors: Maati Ahmed , Tabourot Laurent , Balland Pascale , Belaid Salim
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to highlight the role played by some important factors on sprinback phenomenon. This latter affects significantly the geometry of the manufactured product. Large automotive or plane body parts are specifically affected by this phenomenon which complicates the tools design. The study focuses here on specific materials with high trend to develop heterogeneous strains during forming processes. Due to its hexagonal crystalline structure, titanium has initial heterogeneous microstructure that grows stronger when plastic strain occurs. Heterogeneous microstructures induce the coexistence in the material of volumes with different mechanical properties even, in some case, with different mechanical behaviours. Therefore, accommodation between these volumes generates distributed internal stresses and important elastic energy storage. The macroscopic behaviour can be provided either by average phenomenological constitutive equation identical for all locations in the material or by integrating a set of local constitutive relations taking into account the variability of the behaviour as a function of the position in the material. In this context, experimental and numerical studies of a 3-point bending test on titanium alloy are considered.
Influence of the prime hard coking coal in stamp charge cokemaking: true or false
Authors: Tiwari Hari Prakash , Shisani Vishwesh M. , Sahu Bhavendra Kumar , Sabat Rabindra Kumar , Mittal Damodar
Published: August 2020

The production of hot metal through the blast furnace route is stilled the most cost-effective and highly productive process and probably remains the coming decades besides developed many alternative ironmaking technologies. In the recent past, the working volume of the blast furnace has been increased drastically to increase the blast furnace productivity. This means the blast furnace performance is more correlated to specific productivity which measures the efficiency in terms of ton hot metal. These modern blast furnaces favour high quality of coke, i.e. high coke CSR and M40 value, high iron content sinter and pellets. These high quality of input raw materials increased blast furnace efficiency and productivity. Generally, cokemakers increases the ratio of prime hard coking coal in the coal blend to achieve the high quality of coke. This increase in prime hard coking coal is not desirable for coke oven batteries because it creates high oven wall pressure and high coke cost and also not suitable for raw material security. The present investigation highlights few cases which clearly show that the high quality of coke (coke CSR: 69–71) may be easily produced with the optimal proportion of prime hard coking coal in the blend if the selection of coals is proper. Results confirmed that upto 30% primary hard coking coal with 15% non-coking coal in the coal blend produce an excellent quality of coke which naturally requires a careful selection on the blend component. The optimum composite coking potential (CCP) value of 4.6–4.9 is the ideal value for producing coke CSR in the range of 69–71 in recovery stamp charge cokemaking process in the real-time plant operation. Therefore, it is necessary to select the right coals for the coal blend based on the adopted cokemaking technologies to conserve the reserve of prime hard coking coal, oven health and cost-effectiveness.
Update on Giardia: Highlights from the seventh International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference
Authors: Buret André G. , Cacciò Simone M. , Favennec Loïc , Svärd Staffan
Published: August 2020

Although Giardia duodenalis is recognized as one of the leading causes of parasitic human diarrhea in the world, knowledge of the mechanisms of infection is limited, as the pathophysiological consequences of infection remain incompletely elucidated. Similarly, the reason for and consequences of the very specific genome-organization in this parasite with 2 active nuclei is only partially known. Consistent with its tradition, the 7th International Giardia and Cryptosporidium Conference (IGCC 2019) was held from June 23 to 26, 2019, at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Rouen-Normandie, France, to discuss current research perspectives in the field. This renowned event brought together an international delegation of researchers to present and debate recent advances and identify the main research themes and knowledge gaps. The program for this interdisciplinary conference included all aspects of host-parasite relationships, from basic research to applications in human and veterinary medicine, as well as the environmental issues raised by water-borne parasites and their epidemiological consequences. With regard to Giardia and giardiasis, the main areas of research for which new findings and the most impressive communications were presented and discussed included: parasite ecology and epidemiology of giardiasis, Giardia-host interactions, and cell biology of Giardia, genomes and genomic evolution. The high-quality presentations discussed at the Conference noted breakthroughs and identified new opportunities that will inspire researchers and funding agencies to stimulate future research in a “one health” approach to improve basic knowledge and clinical and public health management of zoonotic giardiasis.
La construction des alliances thérapeutiques multiples lors du premier épisode d’hospitalisation d’un patient souffrant d’un trouble psychotique émergent
Authors: Har Alexandre
Published: August 2020

Cet article développe une heuristique de la construction de l’alliance thérapeutique lors de la première hospitalisation d’un patient souffrant de trouble psychotique émergeant. Le modèle de l’alliance thérapeutique multiple s’appuie à la fois sur la recherche et la clinique. Il propose de considérer la création et le maintien de l’alliance thérapeutique multiple dans quatre domaines : adolescent, parents, famille, équipes intra et extra-hospitalière, à trois étapes de la coordination des soins : le travail de création de l’ATM en consultation ambulatoire dans la phase de pré-hospitalisation, le travail sur l’ATM pendant le temps de l’hospitalisation, le travail sur l’ATM post-hospitalisation et lors de la poursuite du suivi en ambulatoire.
La psychiatrie de la personne âgée : challenges pour le développement d’une nouvelle sur-spécialité
Authors: Fontaine Audrey , Hanon Cécile , Limosin Frédéric
Published: August 2020

Les pathologies psychiques du sujet âgé sont fréquentes. Leur clinique et leur prise en charge ont certaines particularités qui justifient de l’existence de projets d’organisation et de délivrance de soins adaptés, ainsi que de formation spécifique des cliniciens.

Jusqu’en 2017, il n’existait pas en France de formation diplômante pour devenir psychiatre de la personne âgée, ni de définition précise de son champ d’action. La réforme du troisième cycle des études médicales a permis une telle avancée. Dans cet article nous reviendrons sur le rationnel de la création d’une sur-spécialité en psychiatrie de la personne âgée, sa mise en place sur le plan théorique et pratique, et les nouveaux enjeux auxquels nous faisons face. La psychiatrie de la personne âgée est désormais officiellement reconnue mais de nombreux obstacles restent encore à franchir pour assurer son rayonnement.
Natural radioactivity measurement of gold mine tailings in Vatukoula, Fiji Islands
Authors: Rabuku Adimaitoga T. William , Malik Abdul Q.
Published: August 2020

Gold mining is one of the primary industry in Fiji, and it could expose the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) that may produce health risk to the people working in mining. The present study focuses on the assessment of soil samples in the vicinity of gold mining to assess the concentration of these nuclides. The average activity concentrations of Uranium (238U), Thorium (232Th) and Potassium (40K) in the soil samples from the gold mining area in Vatukoula, Fiji were computed using NaI(Tl) detector. The activity concentrations varied from 30.7 Bq kg−⁡1 and 175.73 Bq kg−⁡1 for 238U and 40K with the absence of 232Th in the decommissioned site. 19.49 Bq kg−⁡1,  123.06 Bq kg−⁡1 and 86.86 Bq kg−⁡1 was determined for 238U, 232Th and 40K of the commissioned sites respectively which is less than the world averages according to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation report [1], except for 232Th which is expected to be higher due to the mineral composition of monazite derivatives. Our preliminary results on the activity of these radioactive nuclides demonstrate that the mining activities at Vatukoula poses no significant radionuclide hazard to the miners and the general public.
Synoptic solar observations of the Solar Flare Telescope focusing on space weather
Authors: Hanaoka Yoichiro , Sakurai Takashi , Otsuji Ken’ichi , Suzuki Isao , Morita Satoshi
Published: August 2020

The solar group at the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan is conducting synoptic solar observation with the Solar Flare Telescope. While it is a part of a long-term solar monitoring, contributing to the study of solar dynamo governing solar activity cycles, it is also an attempt at contributing to space weather research. The observations include imaging with filters for Hα, Ca K, G-band, and continuum, and spectropolarimetry at the wavelength bands including the He I 1083.0 nm/Si I 1082.7 nm and the Fe I 1564.8 nm lines. Data for the brightness, Doppler signal, and magnetic field information of the photosphere and the chromosphere are obtained. In addition to monitoring dynamic phenomena like flares and filament eruptions, we can track the evolution of the magnetic fields that drive them on the basis of these data. Furthermore, the magnetic field in solar filaments, which develops into a part of the interplanetary magnetic cloud after their eruption and occasionally hits the Earth, can be inferred in its pre-eruption configuration. Such observations beyond mere classical monitoring of the Sun will hereafter become crucially important from the viewpoint of the prediction of space weather phenomena. The current synoptic observations with the Solar Flare Telescope is considered to be a pioneering one for future synoptic observations of the Sun with advanced instruments.
Transsexualität und Transgender-Medizin – Was jeder Internist wissen sollte
Authors: Athanasoulia-Kaspar Anastasia P. , Diederich Sven , Stalla Günter Karl
Published: August 2020

Was ist neu?

Definition, Prävalenz, Ätiologie Transsexualismus (synonym für „Transsexualität“, „Transidentität" bzw. „transsexuelle Geschlechtsdysphorie“, TGD) liegt nach ICD-10 F64.0 vor, wenn bei einer Person der Wunsch besteht, als Angehöriger des anderen Geschlechts anerkannt zu werden. Dies geht meist mit Unbehagen oder dem Gefühl der Nichtzugehörigkeit zum eigenen anatomischen Geschlecht einher. Es besteht der Wunsch nach chirurgischer und hormoneller Behandlung, um den eigenen Körper dem bevorzugten Geschlecht soweit wie möglich anzugleichen. Die Prävalenz der TGD wird auf 0,6 % geschätzt. Die zugrunde liegenden pathogenetischen Mechanismen sind bisher nicht ausreichend aufgeklärt.

Diagnostik Die Diagnosestellung „Transsexualität“ erfolgt durch einen mit der Thematik vertrauten Psychologen oder Psychiater nach Ausschluss anderer Differenzialdiagnosen wie Transvestitismus, Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung, multiple Persönlichkeitsstörung oder einer psychotischen Erkrankung.

Therapie Die Therapie ist eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung von 6 Fachdisziplinen und umfasst die psychotherapeutische Behandlung/Begleitung, die endokrinologische Betreuung zur Hormonbehandlung, die chirurgische Behandlung für die geschlechtsangleichende Operation und ggf. den Brustaufbau, die logopädische Behandlung inkl. Stimmtherapie, die HNO-Mitbetreuung mit Phonochirurgie und die dermatologische Behandlung der Alopezie/Akne oder des Hirsutismus.
Diagnostik und Therapie des akuten Rückenschmerzes
Authors: Casser H.-R. , Rauschmann M.
Published: August 2020

Rückenschmerzen können durch verschiedene Ursachen hervorgerufen werden. Innerhalb eines Jahres haben in Deutschland etwa 70 % der Erwachsenenbevölkerung mindestens eine Rückenschmerzepisode. Die Definition, die Epidemiologie, die Prognose und die Ursache des akuten Rückenschmerzes werden thematisiert.

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich weiterhin mit der Abgenzung der nichtspezfischen Form von der spezifischen Ursache des Rückenschmerzes unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Leitlinien und deren Empfehlungen. Sowohl die „red-flags“ werden in der Anamnese und Diagnostik dargestellt, wie auch die aktuellen therapeutischen Möglichkeiten zur Darstellung gebracht.