bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stepwise astronomical tuning of obliquity-driven evaporite cycles in an Eocene salt lake (Jianghan Basin, Hubei Province, China): Implications for middle Eocene East Asian monsoon-like climate evolution
Authors: Kong Xiangxin , Jiang Zaixing , Wu Shiqiang , Ge Taoyuan
Published: January 2024

The rhythmic evaporation cycle is an ideal recorder of astronomical cycle signals, but studies on cyclostratigraphy have yet to be directly conducted on halite-rich strata. The Qianjiang Depression of the Jianghan Basin is a representative Eocene East Asian halite-rich basin, and the salt rhythmites that developed therein are important recorders of climate evolution in East Asia. This study selected five wells for basin-scale cyclostratigraphy analysis, taking the Lower Qian 4 member of the Qianjiang Formation as the research object. This study found that the basinal salt lake facies were dominated by obliquity cycles, whereas the shallow-water deposits mainly recorded short eccentricity cycles. The study also found that s3–s6 obliquity cycles could be detected throughout the salt lake sedimentary record. Therefore, a stepwise astronomical tuning scheme was adopted. First, the target intervals in different sedimentary areas were preliminarily tuned to s3–s6 obliquity cycles, and stratigraphic correlation was performed. Then, the tuned data were further adjusted using obliquity cycles to reveal the impact of obliquity on the development of salt rhythmites and establish a floating astronomical time scale (ATS). Sedimentary noise models and pollen analysis further demonstrated that obliquity amplitude modulation cycles drove periodic changes in hydrology and climate. Based on the spatiotemporal distribution of salt rhythmite–rich strata in Paleogene East Asia, this study proposes that the development of rhythmic evaporites can reveal the existence of a monsoon-like climate. Astronomical influence was an important driving force for developing the middle Eocene East Asian monsoon.
Analysis of astrophysical 26Mg(n,γ)27Mg reaction via the asymptotic normalization coefficient method
Authors: Kilic A. I.
Published: January 2024

The [Formula: see text] reaction plays a crucial role in the process of nucleosynthesis in stars. It occurs primarily in massive stars during their late evolutionary stages or during explosive events like supernovae. This paper focuses on investigating discrepancies in the ANC values of the [Formula: see text] reaction by analyzing experimental angular distributions of [Formula: see text] using the DWBA, ADWA and CDCC methods for both ground and first excited states. We then use a mirror nucleus procedure to extract information on the ANCs of the ground state [Formula: see text] reaction. The Hauser–Feshbach formalism of the statistical Compound Nucleus (CN) model was applied in this study to perform a compound-nucleus analysis of the [Formula: see text] reaction. The [Formula: see text] reaction has almost fulfilled the condition of peripherality, which is necessary for understanding the magnitude of the direct reaction contribution. ANCs for the [Formula: see text] virtual decay system were obtained. Moreover, according to charge symmetry of mirror nuclei, the square of proton ANC for a [Formula: see text] is determined and comparison between the values of the presented ANCs.
MHD hybrid nanofluid and slip flow towards an exponentially stretching/shrinking sheet with nonlinear thermal radiation and nonuniform heat source/sink
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Prakash Om , Shafi Shaik
Published: January 2024

The analysis of heat transfer of a hybrid nanofluid [Formula: see text] in the MHD stagnation point motion toward an exponentially expanding/shrinking sheet with a nonuniform heat source/sink, multiple slip conditions and nonlinear thermal radiation effects are carried out in this study. By applying the similarity transformation, the governing equations are transformed into Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The Runge–Kutta method using bvp4c in MATLAB software is implemented to explain the ODEs. The results show that the local Nusselt number is decreased while the skin friction coefficient remains unaltered by the accumulation of thermal slip, space, and temperature-dependent parameters.
Electronic band gaps and transport properties in superlattice based on semi-Dirac material
Authors: Jiao Meng-Qian , Li Yu-Xian
Published: January 2024

We investigate the energy band structure and transport properties of electrons in superlattice structure based on semi-Dirac material with one-dimensional periodic potentials of square barriers. The influence of different parameters on transmission probability in superlattice structure is studied. It is found that two new Dirac points are formed in the superlattice structure by adjusting the gap parameter. The position of the new Dirac points can be regulated by changing the size of the potential barrier, the ratio of well width to barrier width, and the gap parameter. Some forbidden bands appear in the transmission probability, the location and width of the forbidden bands can be regulated by changing the system parameters.
Source analysis and contamination evaluation of potentially toxic elements in soil in typical high geological background areas at the county scale in northeastern Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhou Yalong , Guo Zhijuan , Peng Min , Wang Chengwen , Cheng Hangxin
Published: January 2024

The pollution risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil is a common concern in the fields of environmental science and agriculture. The spatial distribution characteristics, pollution risk assessment and genetic sources of PTEs in soil in high geological background areas are crucial to the safe use of land. Based on the data for five PTEs in 921 surface soil samples from typical high geological background areas in SW China, we discuss their spatial distribution characteristics using geostatistics, the semivariance function and its model. We carry out pollution risk assessment using the influence index of comprehensive quality (IICQ) and analyse their genetic sources using the UNMIX receptor model. The spatial distribution of element content has a high spatial coupling with the stratigraphic spread, which is affected by external random factors, resulting in a weakened autocorrelation. The IICQ indicates that soil is dominated by mild and moderate pollution, accounting for 42.24 and 44.95%, respectively, with cadmium contributing up to 63.00% to the IICQ. Chromium and cadmium are controlled by natural sources, accounting for 83.98 and 69.39%, respectively. Arsenic and mercury have anthropogenic sources, accounting for 68.7 and 44.0%, respectively. Lead is controlled by both lead–zinc mining and geological background, accounting for 47.7 and 36.4%, respectively. The UNMIX model demonstrates that the spatial variability of PTEs is influenced by anthropogenic factors, such as coal combustion emissions, which account for 30.1% of the pollution sources. Soil parent material sources contribute 49.4%, followed by lead–zinc mining and smelting activities at 20.5%.
How the AI Boom Went Bust
Authors: Haigh Thomas
Published: January 2024

Fallout from an exploding bubble of hype triggered the real AI Winter in the late 1980s.
Decentralized Federated Recommendation with Privacy-aware Structured Client-level Graph
Authors: Li Zhitao , Lin Zhaohao , Liang Feng , Pan Weike , Yang Qiang , Ming Zhong
Published: January 2024

Recommendation models are deployed in a variety of commercial applications to provide personalized services for users. However, most of them rely on the users’ original rating records that are often collected by a centralized server for model training, which may cause privacy issues. Recently, some centralized federated recommendation models are proposed for the protection of users’ privacy, which however requires a server for coordination in the whole process of model training. As a response, we propose a novel privacy-aware decentralized federated recommendation (DFedRec) model, which is lossless compared with the traditional model in recommendation performance and is thus more accurate than other models in this line. Specifically, we design a privacy-aware structured client-level graph for the sharing of the model parameters in the process of model training, which is a one-stone-two-bird strategy, i.e., it protects users’ privacy via some randomly sampled fake entries and reduces the communication cost by sharing the model parameters only with the related neighboring users. With the help of the privacy-aware structured client-level graph, we propose two novel collaborative training mechanisms in the setting without a server, including a batch algorithm DFedRec(b) and a stochastic one DFedRec(s), where the former requires the anonymity mechanism while the latter does not. They are both equivalent to probabilistic matrix factorization trained in a centralized server and are thus lossless. We then provide formal analysis of privacy guarantee of our methods and conduct extensive empirical studies on three public datasets with explicit feedback, which show the effectiveness of our DFedRec, i.e., it is privacy aware, communication efficient, and lossless.
Modeling a Novel Approach for Emotion Recognition Using Learning and Natural Language Processing
Authors: V. Lakshmi Lalitha , Anguraj Dinesh Kumar
Published: January 2024

Various facts, including politics, entertainment, industry, and research fields, are connected to analyzing the audience's emotions. Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) concept that uses statistical and lexical forms as well as learning techniques to forecast how different types of content in social media will express the audience's neutral, positive, and negative emotions. There is lack of an adequate tool to quantify the characteristics and independent text for assessing the primary audience emotion from the available online social media dataset. The focus of this research is on modeling a cutting-edge method for decoding the connectivity among social media texts and assessing audience emotions. Here, a novel dense layer graph model (DLG-TF) for textual feature analysis is used to analyze the relevant connectedness inside the complex media environment to forecast emotions. The information from the social media dataset is extracted using some popular convolution network models, and the predictions are made by examining the textual properties. The experimental results show that, when compared to different standard emotions, the proposed DLG-TF model accurately predicts a greater number of possible emotions. The macro-average of baseline is 58%, the affective is 55%, the crawl is 55%, and the ultra-dense is 59%, respectively. The feature analysis comparison of baseline, affective, crawl, ultra-dense and DLG-TF using the unsupervised model based on EmoTweet gives the precision, recall, and F1-score of the anticipated model are explained. The micro- and macro-average based on these parameters are compared and analyzed. The macro-average of baseline is 47%, the affective is 46%, the crawl is 50%, and the ultra-dense is 85%, respectively. It makes precise predictions using the social media dataset that is readily available. A few criteria, including accuracy, recall, precision, and F-measure, are assessed and contrasted with alternative methods.
Computing Acceleration to Genome-Wide Association Study Based on CPU/FPGA Heterogeneous System
Authors: Liu Xing , Wang Ruixi , Shi Cai , Zou Chengming , Zhu Wenjie
Published: January 2024

Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) reveals the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and other genetic markers on the complex genetic disease traits, making a significant contribution to the prevention and treatment of genetic diseases. Since GWAS needs to calculate large numbers of pairwise tests, it is highly time-consuming and this limits its widespread promotion in many medical applications. To solve the above problem, many studies deploy GWAS on the CPU/GPU platform. By taking advantages of GPUs' high parallelism, the completion time of GWAS can be significantly decreased. However, GPUs have high energy consumption, which increases GWAS's operating cost. Considering FPGA has low power, high parallelism and programmability, this article aims to use FPGA to design a hardware accelerator dedicated to GWAS for the purpose of optimizing both completion time and energy cost of GWAS. First, the CPU/FPGA heterogenous computing system is built, and the computationally-intensive GWAS tasks such as the contingency table creation (CTC) and Kirkwood Superposition Approximation (KSA) screening are offloaded to run on FPGA. Then, a specific FPGA architectures dedicated to CTC and KSA tasks of GWAS are implemented by using a set of architectural design technologies such as hardware and software co-optimization, systolic array, loop unrolling, pipeline and parallelism. To evaluate the performance of FPGA, we compare its completion time, energy cost and performance per Watt with those of CPU and GPU. The results show the FPGA and GPU can respectively achieve 105--fold and 148--fold speedup compared with CPU. Although FPGA's computing performance is a bit lower than that of GPU, it has higher energy efficiency and its performance per Watt is 1.4 times that of GPU.
ACM SIGIR Annual Business Meeting 2023: Secretary's Notes
Authors: Dietz Laura
Published: January 2024

The 2023 ACM SIGIR Annual Business Meeting took place as a hybrid event during the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval in Taipei on July 26, 2023. The business meeting was led by the chair of the SIGIR Executive Committee (EC), Vanessa Murdock.
Report on the 1st Symposium on NLP for Social: Good (NSG 2023)
Authors: Sen Procheta , Saha Tulika , Bollegala Danushka
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically, Natural Language Processing (NLP) is being hailed as a new breeding ground for immense innovation potential. Researchers believe that NLP-based technologies could help to solve societal issues such as equality and inclusion, education, health, and hunger, climate action etc., and many more. Tackling these questions requires a concerted, collaborative effort across all sectors of society. The first Symposium on NLP for Social Good (NSG) was a novel effort that aimed to enable NLP researchers and scholars from inter-disciplinary field who want to think about the societal implications of their work for solving humanitarian and environmental challenges. The objective of the symposium was to support fundamental research and engineering efforts and empower the social sector with tools and resources, while collaborating with partners from all sectors to maximise effect in solving problems within public health, nature & society, accessibility, crisis response etc. In its inception, we invited speakers from academia and industry to provide an overview of some areas from NLP applications such as education, healthcare and legal domains in order to provide a platform to stimulate discussion regarding the current state of NLP in these varied fields.

Date
: 8--9 June 2023.

Website
: https://nlp4social.github.io/nlp4socialgood/.
Large Search Model: Redefining Search Stack in the Era of LLMs
Authors: Wang Liang , Yang Nan , Huang Xiaolong , Yang Linjun , Majumder Rangan , Wei Furu
Published: January 2024

Modern search engines are built on a stack of different components, including query understanding, retrieval, multi-stage ranking, and question answering, among others. These components are often optimized and deployed independently. In this paper, we introduce a novel conceptual framework called
large search model
, which redefines the conventional search stack by unifying search tasks with one large language model (LLM). All tasks are formulated as autoregressive text generation problems, allowing for the customization of tasks through the use of natural language prompts. This proposed framework capitalizes on the strong language understanding and reasoning capabilities of LLMs, offering the potential to enhance search result quality while simultaneously simplifying the existing cumbersome search stack. To substantiate the feasibility of this framework, we present a series of proof-of-concept experiments and discuss the potential challenges associated with implementing this approach within real-world search systems.
In utero ventilation induces lung parenchymal and vascular alterations in extremely preterm fetal sheep
Authors: Azman Zahrah , Vidinopoulos Kayla , Somers Ainsley , Hooper Stuart B. , Zahra Valerie A. , Thiel Alison M. , Galinsky Robert , Tran Nhi T. , Allison Beth J. , Polglase Graeme R.
Published: January 2024

Preterm infants often require prolonged respiratory support, but the relative contribution of ventilation to the development of lung injury is difficult to isolate. In utero mechanical ventilation allows for mechanistic investigations into ventilation-induced lung injury without confounding factors associated with sustaining extremely preterm lambs ex utero. Twenty-four hours of in utero ventilation, even at low tidal volumes, increased lung inflammation and surfactant protein expression and produced structural changes to the lung parenchyma and vasculature.
Diet-induced obesity does not exacerbate cachexia in male mice bearing Lewis-lung carcinoma tumors
Authors: Beaudry Anna G. , Law Michelle L. , Gilley-Connor Kayla R. , Buley Hailey , Dungan Cory M. , Nascimento Carla Manuela Crispim , Vichaya Elisabeth G. , Wiggs Michael P.
Published: January 2024

This study provides timely information on the interaction between obesity and cancer cachexia. Lean and obese animals show signs of cachexia with reduced body weight, adipose tissue, and gastrocnemius muscle mass. There was not significant wasting in the tibialis anterior, plantaris, or fast twitch fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle of obese animals with tumors. RNA-seq analysis reveals that obese tumor bearing animals had differential expression of mitochondria- and degradation-related genes, which may direct future studies in mechanistic research.
On Certain Analogues of Noor Integral Operators Associated with Fractional Integrals
Authors: Fardi Mojtaba , Amini Ebrahim , Al-Omari Shrideh
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we employ a q-Noor integral operator to perform a q-analogue of certain fractional integral operator defined on an open unit disc. Then, we make use of the Hadamard convolution product to discuss several related results. Also, we derive a class of convex functions by utilizing the q-fractional integral operator and apply the inspired presented theory of the differential subordination, to geometrically explore the most popular differential subordination properties of the aforementioned operator. In addition, we discuss an exciting inclusion for the given convex class of functions. Over and above, we investigate the q-fractional integral operator and obtain some applications for the differential subordination.
Pesticide Residues and Associated Public Health Risks in Vegetables from Irrigated Farms Adjacent to Rift Valley Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Authors: Demsie Asrat Fekadu , Yimer Girma Tilahun , Sota Solomon Sorsa
Published: January 2024

The overuse of pesticides has resulted in the accumulation of harmful residues in vegetables, which requires monitoring to assess the risks to human health. This article presents the levels of 35 pesticide residues in 15 composite vegetable samples from irrigated farmlands adjacent to Lake Ziway, Ethiopia, using the QuEChERS extraction method (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) and then analyzes them using GC-MS. The study also estimated the health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated vegetables in children and adults, including carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks. The predominant pesticide residues found in tomatoes were α-endosulfan (0.58 mg/kg), β-BHC (0.04 mg/kg), heptachlor (0.02 mg/kg), and malathion (0.03 mg/kg), all of which were above the safety limits. Similarly, the mean concentration of heptachlor epoxide (0.04 mg/kg) and propargite (0.11 mg/kg) was higher than the allowed levels of the safety limits for onions. The concentration of pesticide residues detected in 10.6% and 7.9% of tomato and onion samples was above the maximum residual limits of the European Commission (EU-MRLs), respectively. Noncarcinogenic health risk estimates show that onion heptachlor epoxide had THQ > 1, indicating the possibility of systemic health risk in both adult and child consumers. The carcinogenic health risk (CHR) showed that heptachlor epoxide in adults and children and only heptachlor in children had CHR > acceptable limit (10−4) for tomato and onion. Therefore, it is critical to raise awareness among stakeholders while simultaneously implementing sound monitoring policy actions to protect the ecosystem and the health of the population in the study area and beyond.
Crystallographic, Morphological, Magnetic, and Thermal Characterization of Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles (Fe3O4) Synthesized by Chemical Coprecipitation Method and Calcined at 250°C for 4 hr
Authors: Sabur Md. Abdus , Gafur Md. Abdul
Published: January 2024

Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method using ferric chloride (FeCl3) and heptahydrate ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) salts employing sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a precipitant. To determine the size, shape, and chemical makeup of the produced magnetite nanoparticles, the generated powders were examined by transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. It was found that the magnetite powder had made a face-centered cubic crystal structure and spherical-like particle form with particle diameters of about 30 nm. The magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer. The obtained superparamagnetic properties of the produced nanoparticles, with saturation magnetization and coercivity of 50.75 emu/g and 30.09 Oe, respectively, allow them for applications in drug delivery, MRI contrast agent, catalysis, degradation of antibiotics, antibacterial activity, removal of heavy metals and organic dyes, etc.
Epidemiologic Factors in Relation to Colorectal Cancer Risk and Survival by Genotoxic Colibactin Mutational Signature
Authors: Thomas Claire E. , Georgeson Peter , Qu Conghui , Steinfelder Robert S. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Song Mingyang , Harrison Tabitha A. , Um Caroline Y. , Hullar Meredith A. , Jenkins Mark A. , Van Guelpen Bethany , Lynch Brigid M. , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Huyghe Jeroen R. , Aglago Elom K. , Berndt Sonja I. , Boardman Lisa A. , Campbell Peter T. , Cao Yin , Chan Andrew T. , Drew David A. , Figueiredo Jane C. , French Amy J. , Giannakis Marios , Goode Ellen L. , Gruber Stephen B. , Gsur Andrea , Gunter Marc J. , Hoffmeister Michael , Hsu Li , Huang Wen-Yi , Moreno Victor , Murphy Neil , Newcomb Polly A. , Newton Christina C. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Ogino Shuji , Sun Wei , Toland Amanda E. , Trinh Quang M. , Ugai Tomotaka , Zaidi Syed H. , Peters Ulrike , Phipps Amanda I.
Published: January 2024

Background:

The genotoxin colibactin causes a tumor single-base substitution (SBS) mutational signature, SBS88. It is unknown whether epidemiologic factors’ association with colorectal cancer risk and survival differs by SBS88.

Methods:

Within the Genetic Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium and Colon Cancer Family Registry, we measured SBS88 in 4,308 microsatellite stable/microsatellite instability low tumors. Associations of epidemiologic factors with colorectal cancer risk by SBS88 were assessed using multinomial regression (N = 4,308 cases, 14,192 controls; cohort-only cases N = 1,911), and with colorectal cancer–specific survival using Cox proportional hazards regression (N = 3,465 cases).

Results:

392 (9%) tumors were SBS88 positive. Among all cases, the highest quartile of fruit intake was associated with lower risk of SBS88-positive colorectal cancer than SBS88-negative colorectal cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37-0.76; OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.85, respectively, Pheterogeneity = 0.047]. Among cohort studies, associations of body mass index (BMI), alcohol, and fruit intake with colorectal cancer risk differed by SBS88. BMI ≥30 kg/m2 was associated with worse colorectal cancer–specific survival among those SBS88-positive [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.40, 95% CI 1.47–7.84], but not among those SBS88-negative (HR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.78–1.21, Pheterogeneity = 0.066).

Conclusions:

Most epidemiologic factors did not differ by SBS88 for colorectal cancer risk or survival. Higher BMI may be associated with worse colorectal cancer–specific survival among those SBS88-positive; however, validation is needed in samples with whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing available.

Impact:

This study highlights the importance of identification of tumor phenotypes related to colorectal cancer and understanding potential heterogeneity for risk and survival.
Trends and Disparities in Curative-Intent Treatment for Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis of Surgery and SBRT
Authors: Liu Qinran , Medina Heidy N. , Rodriguez Estelamari , Jacobs Kamaria T. , Brown Clyde , Koru-Sengul Tulay , Lopes Gilberto , Pinheiro Paulo S.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Despite the increasing adoption of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as a recommended alternative for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), population-based research on racial/ethnic disparities in curative-intent treatment accounting for SBRT remains limited. This study investigated trends and disparities in receiving curative-intent surgery and/or SBRT in a diverse, retrospective cohort.

Methods:

Early-stage NSCLC cases (2005–2017) from the Florida cancer registry were linked to individual-level statewide discharge data containing comorbidities and specific treatment information. Joinpoint regression assessed trends in treatment receipt. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between race/ethnicity and treatment type.

Results:

Among 64,999 patients with early-stage NSCLC, 71.6% received curative-intent treatment (surgery and/or SBRT): 73.1%, 72.4%, and 60.3% among Hispanic, White, and Black patients, respectively (P < 0.01). SBRT use increased steeply from 2005 to 2007 and then by 7.9% annually from 2007 to 2017 (P < 0.01); curative-intent surgery remained stable from 2005 to 2014 before declining by 6.2% annually during 2014–2017 (P = 0.04). The Black-White disparity in receipt of curative-intent treatment was significant [ORadj, 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60–0.71]. Patients with Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)≥3 had 36% (ORadj, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.60–0.69) lower odds of receiving curative-intent surgery and no significant difference for SBRT (ORadj, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.93–1.20) compared with CCI = 0.

Conclusions:

Racial disparities in receiving curative-intent treatment for early-stage NSCLC persist despite the availability of SBRT, suggesting the full potential of curative-intent treatment for early-stage NSCLC remains unachieved.

Impact:

Addressing disparities in early-stage NSCLC requires addressing differential treatment patterns and enhancing accessibility to treatments like underutilized SBRT, particularly for high-comorbidity populations such as Black patients.
From Serendipity to Intention: Development of Brain-Penetrant PARP1-Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Lynce Filipa , Lin Nancy U.
Published: January 2024

Primary and secondary brain tumors cause significant mortality and constitute an important unmet need. The development of AZD9574, a brain-penetrant, PARP1-selective inhibitor with favorable pharmacologic properties and intriguing preclinical activity, has led to an ongoing clinical trial evaluating it alone and in combination with temozolomide or antibody drug conjugates.

See related article by Staniszewska et al., p. 1338
Differential Distribution of the DNA-PKcs Inhibitor Peposertib Selectively Radiosensitizes Patient-derived Melanoma Brain Metastasis Xenografts
Authors: Ji Jianxiong , Dragojevic Sonja , Callaghan Cameron M. , Smith Emily J. , Talele Surabhi , Zhang Wenjuan , Connors Margaret A. , Mladek Ann C. , Hu Zeng , Bakken Katrina K. , Sarkaria Paige P. , Carlson Brett L. , Burgenske Danielle M. , Decker Paul A. , Rashid Mohammad Abdur , Jang Mi-hyeon , Gupta Shiv K. , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Elmquist William F. , Sarkaria Jann N.
Published: January 2024

Radioresistance of melanoma brain metastases limits the clinical utility of conventionally fractionated brain radiation in this disease, and strategies to improve radiation response could have significant clinical impact. The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is critical for repair of radiation-induced DNA damage, and inhibitors of this kinase can have potent effects on radiation sensitivity. In this study, the radiosensitizing effects of the DNA-PKcs inhibitor peposertib were evaluated in patient-derived xenografts of melanoma brain metastases (M12, M15, M27). In clonogenic survival assays, peposertib augmented radiation-induced killing of M12 cells at concentrations ≥100 nmol/L, and a minimum of 16 hours exposure allowed maximal sensitization. This information was integrated with pharmacokinetic modeling to define an optimal dosing regimen for peposertib of 125 mpk dosed just prior to and 7 hours after irradiation. Using this drug dosing regimen in combination with 2.5 Gy × 5 fractions of radiation, significant prolongation in median survival was observed in M12-eGFP (104%; P = 0.0015) and M15 (50%; P = 0.03), while more limited effects were seen in M27 (16%, P = 0.04). These data support the concept of developing peposertib as a radiosensitizer for brain metastases and provide a paradigm for integrating in vitro and pharmacokinetic data to define an optimal radiosensitizing regimen for potent DNA repair inhibitors.
Data from The Hedgehog Receptor Patched Functions in Multidrug Transport and Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: Bidet Michel , Tomico Amandine , Martin Patrick , Guizouarn Hélène , Mollat Patrick , Mus-Veteau Isabelle
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Most anticancer drugs fail to eradicate tumors, leading to the development of drug resistance and disease recurrence. The Hedgehog signaling plays a crucial role during embryonic development, but is also involved in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. The Hedgehog receptor Patched (Ptc) is a Hedgehog signaling target gene that is overexpressed in many cancer cells. Here, we show a link between Ptc and resistance to chemotherapy, and provide new insight into Ptc function. Ptc is cleared from the plasma membrane upon interaction with its ligand Hedgehog, or upon treatment of cells with the Hedgehog signaling antagonist cyclopamine. In both cases, after incubation of cells with doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent that is used for the clinical management of recurrent cancers, we observed an inhibition of the efflux of doxorubicin from Hedgehog-responding fibroblasts, and an increase of doxorubicin accumulation in two different cancer cell lines that are known to express aberrant levels of Hedgehog signaling components. Using heterologous expression system, we stringently showed that the expression of human Ptc conferred resistance to growth inhibition by several drugs from which chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, methotrexate, temozolomide, and 5-fluorouracil. Resistance to doxorubicin correlated with Ptc function, as shown using mutations from Gorlin's syndrome patients in which the Ptc-mediated effect on Hedgehog signaling is lost. Our results show that Ptc is involved in drug efflux and multidrug resistance, and suggest that Ptc contributes to chemotherapy resistance of cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 10(11); 1496–508. ©2012 AACR.
Green Cancer Prevention and Beyond
Authors: Ross Sharon A. , Emenaker Nancy J. , Kumar Amit , Riscuta Gabriela , Biswas Kajal , Gupta Shanker , Mohammed Altaf , Shoemaker Robert H.
Published: January 2024

The concept of green chemoprevention was introduced in 2012 by Drs. Jed Fahey and Thomas Kensler as whole-plant foods and/or extract-based interventions demonstrating cancer prevention activity. Refining concepts and research demonstrating proof-of-principle approaches are highlighted within this review. Early approaches included extensively investigated whole foods, including broccoli sprouts and black raspberries showing dose–responsive effects across a range of activities in both animals and humans with minimal or no apparent toxicity. A recent randomized crossover trial evaluating the detoxification of tobacco carcinogens by a broccoli seed and sprout extract in the high-risk cohort of current smokers highlights the use of a dietary supplement as a potential next-generation green chemoprevention or green cancer prevention approach. Challenges are addressed, including the selection of dose, duration and mode of delivery, choice of control group, and standardization of the plant food or extract. Identification and characterization of molecular targets and careful selection of high-risk cohorts for study are additional important considerations when designing studies. Goals for precision green cancer prevention include acquiring robust evidence from carefully controlled human studies linking plant foods, extracts, and compounds to modulation of targets for cancer risk reduction in individual cancer types.
Interventions Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Stress Reduction in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Binder Franziska , Mehl Rea , Resch Franz , Kaess Michael , Koenig Julian
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Recently, acceptance- and commitment therapy (ACT) gained increasing interest. Studies show good efficacy in the treatment of patients presenting with several psychologic and somatic complaints. The present systematic review and meta-analysis addresses effectiveness of ACT-based interventions to reduce stress in children, adolescents, and young adults compared to control conditions. Methods: The meta-analysis was pre-registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019117440). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomized controlled trials (qRCT) in German or English language comparing the effects of ACT-based interventions to control conditions (e.g., treatment as usual, waitlist control) on stress-related outcome measures in youth were considered for inclusion. The target population was subjects 0–18 years of age. The databases PubMed, PsychInfo, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched systematically up to July 2023. A random effect meta-analysis and a risk of bias assessment according to the procedure outlined in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews were conducted. Results: The search resulted in 187 studies, of which eight studies with 976 participants were finally subjected to meta-analysis. Studies implemented ACT both in school-based group settings and in single settings and both as a universal and indicated prevention. Analyses yielded a significant main effect (Hedges' g = −0.20; 95% confidence interval [−0.36; −0.05]), indicating that interventions based on ACT resulted in greater reduction of stress compared to control conditions. Conclusion: ACT appears effective at reducing stress in youth. Further research is needed due to methodological shortcomings of existing studies. Small sample sizes, heterogenous studies, methodological shortcomings, and evidence of publication bias limit the conclusions that can be drawn from this meta-analysis.
Consequences of Losing Incidental Pulmonary Nodules to Follow-Up: Unmonitored Nodules Progressing to Stage IV Lung Cancer
Authors: Borg Morten , Kristensen Katrine , Alstrup Gitte , Mamaeva Tatiana , Arshad Arman , Laursen Christian B. , Hilberg Ole , Bodtger Uffe , Andersen Michael Brun , Rasmussen Torben Riis
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Incidental pulmonary nodules represent a golden opportunity for early diagnosis, which is critical for improving survival rates. This study explores the impact of missed pulmonary nodules on the progression of lung cancer. Methods: A total of 4,066 stage IV lung cancer cases from 2019 to 2021 in Danish hospitals were investigated to determine whether a chest computed tomography (CT) had been performed within 2 years before diagnosis. CT reports and images were reviewed to identify nodules that had been missed by radiologists or were not appropriately monitored, despite being mentioned by the radiologist, and to assess whether these nodules had progressed to stage IV lung cancer. Results: Among stage IV lung cancer patients, 13.6% had undergone a chest CT scan before their diagnosis; of these, 44.4% had nodules mentioned. Radiologists missed a nodule in 7.6% of cases. In total, 45.3% of nodules were not appropriately monitored. An estimated 2.5% of stage IV cases could have been detected earlier with proper surveillance. Conclusion: This study underlines the significance of monitoring pulmonary nodules and proposes strategies for enhancing detection and surveillance. These strategies include centralized monitoring and the implementation of automated registries to prevent gaps in follow-up.
Mendelian Randomization Analysis Supports Causal Effect of Type II Diabetes Mellitus on Onychomycosis
Authors: Choo Zi-Ning , Lipner Shari R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Onychomycosis is common among adults with diabetes mellitus (DM). We used two-sample Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal effect of genetic risk for DM on onychomycosis and tinea skin infections in the All of Us Research Program. Methods: Onychomycosis and tinea corporis, pedis, manus, and cruris cases were identified using electronic health record data, and genetic instrument variables and summary statistics were collected from a type II DM (T2DM) genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis. Results: Inverse variance weighted regression showed positive effect of T2DM genetic risk on onychomycosis (beta = 0.135, p = 1.86E−2), and weighted median regression produced a comparable estimate of effect size (beta = 0.148). There was no significant effect of T2DM on skin dermatophytosis. Conclusions: Our results suggest that T2DM has a positive causal effect on onychomycosis but not tinea skin infection risk. As onychomycosis may impair occupational function and increase risk for secondary soft tissue infections, patients with diabetes should be screened for onychomycosis and counseled on mitigating infection risk.
Systematic Development of National Guidelines for Obesity Care: The Swedish Approach
Authors: Nowicka Paulina , Sjögren Lovisa , Bertilsson Ann-Sofie , Järvholm Kajsa , Sellberg Fanny , Sundbom Magnus , Thalén Liv , Trolle Lagerros Ylva
Published: January 2024

Introduction: With the rapid development of treatment modalities for obesity management, there is an increasing demand for guidance to facilitate the prioritization of interventions. In 2020, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare started the process of producing the first national guidelines for obesity care directed to decision makers who allocate resources to the best knowledge-based care. The main aim of this paper was to describe the systematic development of these guidelines, designed to guarantee uniformly high standards of care throughout the whole country. Methods: The standardized procedures of the National Board of Health and Welfare were applied to construct guidelines in a systematic and transparent way, including priority setting of recommendations and quality indicators to evaluate the progress of implementation. The process involved independent expert committees including professionals and patient representatives, and the guidelines were reviewed through an open public consultation. Results: National guidelines were issued in 2023, encompassing a broad scope, from identification and diagnosis to multiple treatment modalities, embedded in a life-course perspective from pregnancy to the elderly, as well as highlighting the need for improved knowledge and competence of health care providers. Conclusions: National guidelines for improved standard care and evidence-based and efficient use of health care resources for obesity treatment can be developed in a systematic way with professionals and patient representatives.
Community Perspective in Village Fund Management in Nagur Village, Serdang Bedagai Regency
Authors: Aditia Darma Nasution Dito , Welly Yerisma
Published: January 2024

The research aims to determine the community's perspective in managing village funds in Nagur Village, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The research model was carried out using a descriptive approach with data collection techniques carried out by distributing questionnaires, observations and interviews. The research population was 100 people with a selected sample of 80 samples carried out using a purposive sampling approach. The results of the research explain that the management of village funds from a community perspective in Nagur Village produces a level of satisfaction in the "satisfied" category but has not been able to provide satisfaction at the "very satisfied" level because it has not been able to: 1) reduce the number of productive unemployment, 2) has not been able to improve the community's economy. , and 3) has not been able to provide major benefits for the economic development of Nagur Village. This is caused by the management of village funds which only focuses on physical development and ignores the development of the community's economic foundations.
Are Good Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility, Firm Size And Profit Quality Affect Firm Performance?
Authors: Dientri Abdul Manaf , Darmayanti Novi , Tri  Lestari  , Imam Baidlowi  , Tri Retno Hariyati
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of good corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, company size and earnings quality on the performance of companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange in 2018-2022. This research was conducted at the Investment Gallery of the University of Muhammadiyah Gresik, by examining the annual financial reports of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Population 226 companies. This study used a purposive sampling technique in sampling and obtained 9 companies that were selected based on the criteria. Descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine the effect of good corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, company size and earnings quality on company performance. in this study also used the classical assumption test, t test and F test, these techniques were processed with SPSS to analyze several hypotheses. The results of this study indicate that good corporate governance partially has a positive and significant effect on company performance. Corporate social responsibility partially does not affect company performance. Firm size partially has a negative effect on firm performance. earnings quality partially does not affect company performance and simultaneously GCG, CSR, company size and earnings quality affect company performance.
The Role of Sales Accounting Information System in PT. Petro Gasindo Intiniaga
Authors: Galih Supraja
Published: January 2024

The role of sales accounting information systems in a company is very important Importantly, having a sales accounting information system can maximize profits obtained, achieve sales volume, and support sales growth. So that If the company achieves maximum sales levels, the company needs to pay attention sales system in the company. This research focuses on (1) How the sales accounting information system is implemented at PT. Petro Gasindo Intiniaga, (2) What is the internal control system at PT. Petro Gasindo Intiniaga (3) What is the role of the sales information system at PT. Petro Gasindo Intiniaga to improve the internal control system. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. The data sources used are Primary Data and Secondary Data. Research procedure The data used is field search (a) interviews (b) documentation (c) Observation. To check the validity of the data findings, three triangulations were carried out (1) source triangulation (2) technique triangulation (3) time triangulation. The result of this research is an internal control system in Information Systems Sales Accounting at PT. Petro Gasindo Intiniaga is not doing well. In the The company still has several weaknesses, including; (1) There still exists a dual function in the sales system, between the warehouse helper function and admin functions which are only carried out by the warehouse department. (2) The Authorization System for Approval for Delivery of goods is still authorized by the production and warehouse departments. (3) Deep sales system in which the cash received is not fully deposited into the bank on the date the transaction takes place.
The Relationship of Peer Social Support and Gratitude Towards the Meaningfulness of Life of People with HIV / AIDS (PLWHA)
Authors: Utama Wirya Dipo
Published: January 2024

Introduction: of life is one of the critical variables in the lives of PLWHA. Social support and gratitude are among the factors that influence the meaning of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between peer social support and gratitude with the meaning of life in PLWHA. Methods: The respondents of this study were 44 people. Data were collected using a questionnaire that had been validated and tested for reliability. Results: The results of hypothesis testing showed a positive relationship between social support (rxy = 0.409; p = 0.007; p < 0.05) and gratitude with meaning of life (rxy = 0.338; p = 0.029; p < 0.05) in PLWHA. Conslusion: This indicates that the higher the social support and gratitude, the better the meaning of life of PLWHA.
Pendampingan Dan Penguatan Daycare Malnutrition Sebagai Upaya Penurunan Stunting Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sekaran
Authors: Mardiana  , Salsa Billa  , Syifa Salsa Bila  , Shoofia Rihadhatul Aisy  , Salma Eka Pratiwi  , Safira Chairani Dimarti  , Safrina Oksidriyani  , Latifah Rachmawati  , Elly Puji Kusumawati  , Yovita Putri Anggraeni  , Stevi Risqi Naola Sari  , Maria Ulfa
Published: January 2024

Malnutrition is a health problem that is still often found in developing countries. Based on SSGI data for 2022, the prevalence of stunting in Semarang City reached 10.4%. The Sekaran Community Health Center area recorded 3.07% of stunted toddlers in 2022, while as of December 2022 there were 74 underweight toddlers and 40 wasted toddlers. The establishment of daycare is one of the efforts made by the Sekaran Community Health Center to overcome the problem of stunting. This community service aims to assist nutritional care for toddlers with stunting at the Sekar Kasih Daycare located in Patemon Village, with the implementation of community service activities taking place since the daycare was established on March 1 2023 - August 1 2023. The programs offered and implemented include: other things include preparing a 10+1 day menu cycle, anthropometric measurements, GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) training for 20 people consisting of daycare officers and posyandu cadres, preparing standard operating procedures (SOP) for organizing meals in daycares, and preparing a pocket book on food ingredient specifications. The results of this activity are a 10+1 day menu cycle, an increase in knowledge based on the average score from 89 to 96.5, and SOPs for managing food in daycare.