bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local manipulation of metamagnetism by strain nanopatterning
Authors: Foerster Michael , Menéndez Enric , Coy Emerson , Quintana Alberto , Gómez-Olivella Carles , Esqué de los Ojos Daniel , Vallcorba Oriol , Frontera Carlos , Aballe Lucia , Nogués Josep , Sort Jordi , Fina Ignasi
Published: May 2020

Our work demonstrates the local enhancement of antiferromagnetic phase stability in FeRh films by strain nanopatterning.
Can we utilize the higher Frenkel exciton state in biazulene diimides-based non-fullerene acceptors to promote charge separation at the donor/acceptor interface?
Authors: Liang Yue-Jian , Zhao Zhi-Wen , Geng Yun , Pan Qing-Qing , Gu Hao-Yu , Zhao Liang , Zhang Min , Wu Shui-Xing , Su Zhong-Min
Published: May 2020

The pathway of charge transfer from the Frenkel exciton state of the acceptor to charge transfer states was investigated.
A [15]paracyclophenone and its fluorenone-containing derivatives: syntheses and binding to nerve agent mimics via aryl-CH hydrogen bonding interactions
Authors: Liu Peiren , Wang Hongliang , Zeng Hong , Hong Xin , Huang Feihe
Published: May 2020

A [15]paracyclophenone and its fluorenone-containing derivatives were synthesized. The novel macrocyclic host I binds nerve agent mimics through the ‘non-traditional’ aryl-CH hydrogen bonding interactions.
Ring expansion of alumoles with organic azides: selective formation of six-membered aluminum–nitrogen heterocycles
Authors: Drescher Regina , Lin Shujuan , Hofmann Alexander , Lenczyk Carsten , Kachel Stephanie , Krummenacher Ivo , Lin Zhenyang , Braunschweig Holger
Published: May 2020

A cyclopentadienyl-substituted alumole is shown to undergo ring expansions with a series of organic azides, affording 1,2-azaaluminabenzenes either with or without an azo group.
Thermochemical energy storage properties of a barium based reactive carbonate composite
Authors: Møller Kasper T. , Williamson Kyran , Buckley Craig E. , Paskevicius Mark
Published: May 2020

A reactive carbonate composite leads to destabilisation of BaCO3 and increased reaction kinetics by the addition of CaCO3.
Proton pump inhibitor use and mortality in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Wu Xiaoli , Zhang Daofu , Yu Yuexiao , Lou Lianqing , Li Xiaofei
Published: May 2020

Background: Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is commonly used in patients with cirrhosis. However, some studies demonstrated that PPI use was associated with adverse outcome in patients with cirrhosis. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of cohort studies to evaluate the association between PPI use and mortality in cirrhotic patients.

Methods: Relevant studies were obtained via search of PubMed and Embase databases. A randomized-effect model was used to pool the results. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the source of heterogeneity.

Results: Overall, 21 cohort studies with 20,899 patients and 7457 death events were included. The pooled results with a randomized-effect model showed that PPI use was associated with significantly increased risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis (adjusted relative risk [RR] = RR: 1.39, P<0.001) with considerable heterogeneity (I2=73%). Subgroup analyses showed that characteristics such as patient ethnicity, sample size, definition of PPI use, and complications of patients did not affect the association. However, the association between PPI use and mortality was independent of study characteristics including patient ethnicity, sample size, complications, definition of PPI use, and follow-up duration. However, the association between PPI use and mortality in cirrhotic patients was significant in retrospective studies (RR: 1.40, P<0.001), but not in prospective studies (RR: 1.34, P=0.33).

Conclusions: PPI use may be associated with moderately increased mortality in cirrhotic patients. Although prospective cohort studies are needed to validate our findings, PPI should only prescribed to cirrhotic patients with indications for the treatment.
Establishing correct kinetochore-microtubule attachments in mitosis and meiosis
Authors: Cairo Gisela , Lacefield Soni
Published: May 2020

Faithful chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis requires that chromosomes properly attach to spindle microtubules. Initial kinetochore-microtubule attachments are often incorrect and rely on error correction mechanisms to release improper attachments, allowing the formation of new attachments. Aurora B kinase and, in mammalian germ cells, Aurora C kinase function as the enzymatic component of the Chromosomal Passenger Complex (CPC), which localizes to the inner centromere/kinetochore and phosphorylates kinetochore proteins for microtubule release during error correction. In this review, we discuss recent findings of the molecular pathways that regulate the chromosomal localization of Aurora B and C kinases in human cell lines, mice, fission yeast, and budding yeast. We also discuss differences in the importance of localization pathways between mitosis and meiosis.
The right place at the right time: Aurora B kinase localization to centromeres and kinetochores
Authors: Broad Amanda J. , DeLuca Jennifer G.
Published: May 2020

The fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis is intimately linked to the function of kinetochores, which are large protein complexes assembled at sites of centromeric heterochromatin on mitotic chromosomes. These key “orchestrators” of mitosis physically connect chromosomes to spindle microtubules and transduce forces through these connections to congress chromosomes and silence the spindle assembly checkpoint. Kinetochore-microtubule attachments are highly regulated to ensure that incorrect attachments are not prematurely stabilized, but instead released and corrected. The kinase activity of the centromeric protein Aurora B is required for kinetochore-microtubule destabilization during mitosis, but how the kinase acts on outer kinetochore substrates to selectively destabilize immature and erroneous attachments remains debated. Here, we review recent literature that sheds light on how Aurora B kinase is recruited to both centromeres and kinetochores and discuss possible mechanisms for how kinase interactions with substrates at distinct regions of mitotic chromosomes are regulated.
Ultrathin barrier AlGaN/GaN hybrid‐anode‐diode with MOCVD in‐situ Si3N4‐cap and LPCVD‐Si3N4 bilayer passivation stack for dynamic characteristic improvement
Authors: Zhou Qi , Yang Xiu , Zhu Liyang , Chen Kuangli , Han Xiaoqi , Luo Zhihua , Zhou Chunhua , Chen Wanjun , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2020

A novel ultrathin barrier AlGaN/GaN hybrid‐anode‐diode (UTB‐HAD) with in‐situ Si3N4‐cap passivation is experimentally demonstrated. The forward turn‐on voltage (Von) of the UTB‐HAD is determined by the intrinsic threshold voltage of the two‐dimension electron gas (2DEG) channel, which can be precisely controlled by tailoring the as‐grown AlGaN‐barrier thickness. The typical Von as low as 0.48 V is obtained by using the UTB AlGaN/GaN with a barrier thickness of 4.9 nm. The MOCVD has grown in‐situ Si3N4‐cap and the LPCVD‐Si3N4 bilayer passivation stack is developed to effectively restore the 2DEG in the UTB AlGaN/GaN heterostructure and simultaneously improve the dynamic characteristics of the diode. The UTB‐HAD and the novel passivation scheme are of great potential for power applications.
Evaluation of a variable speed limit system using a hierarchical framework under a connected vehicles environment: a case study of a field test in Seattle
Authors: Qi Xinzhou , Sun Tuo , Ma Wanjing , Wang Ling , Yu Chunhui
Published: May 2020

Variable speed limit (VSL) system has been recognised as an active traffic management strategy to improve traffic safety and operational efficiency. The development of connected vehicle (CV) technologies have a potential to improve VSL systems because CVs can provide continuous and precise traffic condition as the input of VSL algorithm as well as real‐time recommended speed to drivers. To demonstrate the improvement of the VSL performance from CV technologies, this study presents the evaluation of a VSL system's safety and operational impact on CVs, non‐CVs, and overall traffic conditions, based on a field test in interstate 5 corridor, Seattle. A hierarchical evaluation framework was proposed to explore the effectiveness of the implemented algorithm. The framework consists of three parts, i.e. manoeuvring, safety, and operation. Each part conducts data analysis and statistical tests from traffic sensors and CVs. The findings indicate that the VSL system is able to inform drivers to follow the recommended speed and improve traffic operation even at a low penetration rate. However, the stability of traffic flow is decreased in certain sections. Therefore, the potential improvement of the VSL algorithm is presented based on the findings.
Multi‐graph convolutional network for short‐term passenger flow forecasting in urban rail transit
Authors: Zhang Jinlei , Chen Feng , Guo Yinan , Li Xiaohong
Published: May 2020

Short‐term passenger flow forecasting is a crucial task for urban rail transit operations. Emerging deep‐learning technologies have become effective methods used to overcome this problem. In this study, the authors propose a deep‐learning architecture called Conv‐GCN that combines a graph convolutional network (GCN) and a three‐dimensional (3D) convolutional neural network (3D CNN). First, they introduce a multi‐graph GCN to deal with three inflow and outflow patterns (recent, daily, and weekly) separately. Multi‐graph GCN networks can capture spatiotemporal correlations and topological information within the entire network. A 3D CNN is then applied to deeply integrate the inflow and outflow information. High‐level spatiotemporal features between different inflow and outflow patterns and between stations that are nearby and far away can be extracted by 3D CNN. Finally, a fully connected layer is used to output results. The Conv‐GCN model is evaluated on smart card data of the Beijing subway under the time interval of 10, 15, and 30 min. Results show that this model yields the best performance compared with seven other models. In terms of the root‐mean‐square errors, the performances under three time intervals have been improved by 9.402, 7.756, and 9.256%, respectively. This study can provide critical insights for subway operators to optimise urban rail transit operations.
Four‐port solid‐state transformer based on hybrid MMC with enhanced dual half‐bridge submodules
Authors: Li Dongye , Ji Zhendong , Sun Yichao , Zhao Jianfeng , Zhang Chi
Published: May 2020

This study presents a novel solid‐state transformer (SST) with four ports that can connect the medium‐voltage (MV) DC bus, the MV AC bus, the low‐voltage (LV) DC bus, and the LV AC bus, respectively. This SST is suitable for application in the hybrid AC/DC power grid that functions as an energy router between AC and DC systems. Furthermore, the SST submodule is enhanced with two types of dual‐half bridge converters, namely DHSM1 or DHSM2, depending on if an additional active switch is used to block the possible short circuit. Thanks to the designed structure of the proposed SST that combines DHSM1 and DHSM2 as the front‐end stage, it achieves reduced hardware complexity with the remaining capability to handle the DC short‐circuit fault that may occur at the medium‐ or high‐level voltage DC grid. In addition, an optimised overall control strategy that can reduce the measurement demand and control complexity is proposed, with the possible power flow path inside the SST fully analysed. Simulation and experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed SST and the effectiveness of the overall control scheme with the DC fault handle capability.
Optimal torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motors using adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Khiabani Ataollah Gogani , Heydari Ali
Published: May 2020

In this study, a new approach based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is proposed to control permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The objective of this study is to control the torque and consequently the speed of a PMSM when an unknown load torque is applied to it. The proposed controller achieves a fast transient response, low ripples and small steady‐state error. The control algorithm uses two neural networks, called critic and actor. The former is utilised to evaluate the cost and the latter is used to generate control signals. The training is done once offline and the calculated optimal weights of actor network are used in online control to achieve fast and accurate torque control of PMSMs. This algorithm is compared with field oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control based on space vector modulation. Simulations and experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides desirable results under both accurate and uncertain modelled dynamics. Although the performance of FOC method is comparable with ADP under nominal conditions, the torque and speed response of ADP is better than FOC under realistic scenarios, that is, when parameter uncertainties exist.
In situ synthesis and photocatalytic hydrogen production of plate‐like Cu‐doped TiO2 polycrystal with crystal‐axis orientation
Authors: Lei Ji , Wang Xing , Zhou Jinhong , Kong Xingang
Published: May 2020

The Cu‐doped TiO2 plate‐like particle was synthesised via using the layered H1.07Ti1.73O4·H2O (HTO) plate‐like particle as a precursor. The Cu‐doped TiO2 particle consists of nanocrystals and holes, and these nanocrystals are oriented at []‐crystal‐axis direction. Firstly, the HTO particle was treated in a copper acetate solution, forming Cu2+‐exchanged HTO plate‐like particles. And then Cu2+‐exchanged HTO in situ transformed into Cu‐doped TiO2 via heat‐treating and further acid washing. The Cu‐doped TiO2 particle has a stronger absorption in the visible light region of 400–800 nm and the visible photocatalytic H2 production activity.
Fabrication of flexible, foldable Ag/Bi2S3 nanoflowers‐based asymmetric micro‐capacitor
Authors: Liang Shuyu , Teng Fei , Hao Weiyi , Gu Wenhao , Sun Peipei , Zhai Siyu , Yang Xiaoman
Published: May 2020

Flexible and foldable microcomponents are highly desirable for energy devices. In this work, flexible asymmetric micro‐capacitor (AMC) is fabricated by using uniform Ag/Bi2S3 (or Bi2S3) nanoflowers, active carbon and carbon fibres are used as positive material, negative material and current collector, respectively. On one hand, the areal capacitance of Ag/Bi2S3 electrode has increased by more than 6 times than Bi2S3, and 86 and 68% of capacitances are retained for Ag/Bi2S3 and Bi2S3 electrodes after 4000 cycles, respectively. On the other hand, Ag/Bi2S3‐based AMC has an energy density of (0.0134 mWhcm−3) 4.36 times higher than Bi2S3‐based one (0.0025 mWhcm−3); after 4000 cycles, 84 and 33% of capacitances are retained for Ag/Bi2S3‐ and Bi2S3‐based AMCs, respectively. The improved performances are mainly attributed to the enhanced electrical conductance by Ag loading (Bi2S3: 21.898 Ω; Ag/Bi2S3: 4.5643 Ω). Most importantly, the AMC is flexible and foldable, which is promising to conveniently apply in complicated energy devices, production for practical applications.
Pourquoi l’Union européenne a besoin du nucléaire
Authors: Desbazeille Yves
Published: May 2020

Le COVID-19 et les mesures drastiques prises par l’ensemble des gouvernements européens et mondiaux ces dernières semaines montrent les vulnérabilités sanitaires que rencontre l’être humain au XXIe siècle, avec la question du changement climatique, sous-jacente. Il s’agit du plus grand défi auquel le monde est et sera confronté. Toutes les projections indiquent clairement que si nous n’agissons pas de toute urgence, il sera bientôt trop tard pour arrêter le processus d’augmentation des températures.
Erythrozytäre Alloantikörper in der Muttermilch – Ursache einer prolongierten Anämie bei hämolytischer Krankheit des Neugeborenen?
Authors: Cooper Nina , Wolff Jens-Christian , Ertl Birgit
Published: May 2020

Maternale IgG-Alloantikörper gegen fetale erythrozytäre Blutgruppenantigene haben eine klinische Bedeutung in der Auslösung einer hämolytischen Erkrankung des Fetus und Neugeborenen (HDFN). Schwere Fälle gehen mit einer fetalen Anämie, Hydrops fetalis und postnatalem Kernikterus des Neugeborenen einher. Muttermilch enthält hauptsächlich sekretorische IgA-Antikörper, obwohl IgM- und IgG-Isotypen in niedrigeren Konzentrationen detektiert werden konnten. In den letzten Jahren gab es wenige Berichte einer Assoziation erythrozytärer Alloantikörper vom Typ IgG in der Muttermilch mit einem verzögerten Verlauf der neonatalen Anämie. In unserem Fall eines Neugeborenen mit einer hämolytischen Erkrankung durch maternale Anti-c-Antikörper konnten erythrozytäre Antikörper der Spezifität Anti-c im indirekten Antihumanglobulintest, 37 °C, Gelzentrifugationstest (Fa. Bio-Rad, Deutschland) sowie im IgG-spezifischen Festphasentest, Capture-R Ready-Screen (Galileo, Immucor, Rödermark, Deutschland), in der Muttermilch detektiert werden. Die Frage, ob die nachgewiesenen maternalen Antikörper in der Muttermilch gegen erythrozytäre Antigene des Neugeborenen zu einer verlängerten Anämie führen können, kann aufgrund weniger vorhandener Einzelberichte aktuell nicht beantwortet werden. Ob in Fällen von hämolytischer Erkrankung des Fetus und Neugeborenen IgG-Antikörper aus der Muttermilch resorbiert werden können, ist umstritten. Bei HDFN-Fällen mit einer prolongierten Anämie und ohne weitere erkennbare Ursachen könnte es sinnvoll sein, die Muttermilch auf das Vorhandensein maternaler erythrozytärer Alloantikörper zu untersuchen, um der Klärung dieser Fragen näherzukommen.
Multiple Effekte von Omega-3-Fettsäuren im Fettgewebe
Authors: Richter Volker , Blüher Matthias , Thiery Joachim , Hamm Michael
Published: May 2020

Im Fettgewebe üben Omega-3-Fettsäuren multiple Effekte aus, verbunden mit systemischen Wirkungen. Veränderungen der Fettsäure-Zusammensetzung zellulärer Membranen, die sich funktionell auswirken, Interaktionen mit Membran- und intrazellulären Rezeptoren und die Synthese einer Vielzahl bioaktiver Metabolite sind eingeschlossen. Besonders bedeutsam sind die anti-inflammatorischen und entzündungsauflösenden Wirkungen von Omega-3-Fettsäuren. Die Effekte langkettiger Omega-3-Fettsäuren wie Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) und Docosahexaensäure (DHA) sowohl auf metabolische als auch auf Immunzellen des Fettgewebes modulieren inflammatorische Prozesse und wirken Fettgewebe-Dysfunktionen bei Adipositas entgegen. Weil eine chronisch-subklinische Entzündung und Dysfunktionen im Fettgewebe Risikofaktoren für Adipositas-Folgeerkrankungen darstellen, ist eine ausgewogene Ernährung einschließlich optimaler Aufnahme von Omega-3-Fettsäuren mit gesundheitsfördernden Wirkungen unter den Bedingungen der Adipositas verbunden.
Gesundheitsförderung und Adipositasprävention in Kitas – Ansatzpunkte für kommunale Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Igel Ulrike , Gausche Ruth , Lück Martina , Kiess Wieland , Grande Gesine
Published: May 2020

Ziel Anliegen der Studie war es, die Umsetzung von Gesundheitsförderung in Kitas eines sozial benachteiligten Stadtteils (Leipzig Grünau) zu erfassen und die Perspektive pädagogischer Fachkräfte hinsichtlich förderlicher und hinderlicher Faktoren zu eruieren, um daraus Ansatzpunkte für (kommunale) Gesundheitsförderung abzuleiten.

Methodik Zwischen Januar und April 2019 wurden mittels leitfadengestützter Interviews VertreterInnen aus 14 von 20 Grünauer Kitas befragt.

Ergebnisse Alle Kitas setzen Gesundheitsförderung im Alltag um, die Dosis, Vielfalt und Ressourcen variieren jedoch erheblich. In vielfältigen Kooperationen im Quartier, guten Fortbildungsmöglichkeiten, einer gezielten Unterstützung bei der Elternarbeit und besseren personellen Rahmenbedingungen werden Potenziale für eine bessere Gestaltung von Gesundheitsförderung gesehen.

Schlussfolgerung Kommunale Gesundheitsförderung versteht sich als das Dachsetting innerhalb eines Gemeinwesens. Ihre aktive Mitwirkung und politische Unterstützung bei der Optimierung von Rahmenbedingungen für Kindertagesstätten und an einer verbesserten Einbindung der Kitas in ein Quartier sind wesentliche Beiträge zur Kindergesundheitsförderung.
Restriktives Essverhalten und langfristige Gewichtsabnahme
Authors: Neumann Maria , de Zwaan Martina
Published: May 2020

Die langfristige Gewichtsabnahme stellt die größte Herausforderung bei der Therapie von Übergewicht und Adipositas dar. Dabei gilt das restriktive Essverhalten, im Sinne individueller Strategien der kognitiven Kontrolle über die Nahrungszufuhr, als ein unabdingbarer Bestandteil von Interventionen zur gesundheitsförderlichen Verhaltensänderung. Die bisherige Ineffektivität dieser Interventionen lässt sich möglicherweise damit erklären, dass die Empfehlungen zum restriktiven Essverhalten sich wahrscheinlich nicht pauschalisieren lassen, sondern sich je nach individueller Situation und im Prozess der langfristigen Gewichtsabnahme verändern müssten. Das Verständnis der Rolle des restriktiven Essverhaltens während der langfristigen Gewichtsabnahme könnte die Wirksamkeit von Interventionen steigern. Aktuell wird der Zusammenhang zwischen restriktivem Essverhalten, Enthemmungsfaktoren und Überessen diskutiert. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den Stand der Forschung zur Bedeutung des restriktiven Essverhaltens im Verlauf der langfristigen Gewichtsabnahme.
Die nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – ein Update
Authors: Kalveram Laura , Wiegand Susanna
Published: May 2020

Die nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) ist die häufigste chronische Lebererkrankung im Kindes- und Jugendalter und eng mit Übergewicht und Adipositas assoziiert. Es kommt zur Fetteinlagerung in die Hepatozyten – teilweise mit Inflammation, welche den fibrotischen und zirrhotischen Umbau des Lebergewebes zur Folge haben kann. Die Ursachen sind nicht vollständig geklärt; als Risikofaktoren gelten hyperkalorische Ernährung, Übergewicht, Insulinresistenz und genetische Determinanten. Betroffene zeigen meist keine Symptome und fallen erst durch erhöhte Leberwerte auf. Dann sollte eine Kontrolle und gegebenenfalls eine erweiterte differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung erfolgen. Zur Diagnosesicherung bedarf es einer Leberbiopsie. Als vielversprechende nicht-invasive Alternativen werden bisher bildgebende Verfahren, klinische Scores und Serummarker weiter validiert. Die Therapie der NAFLD besteht aus einer Lifestyle-Modifikation mit regelmäßiger Bewegung und einer ausgewogenen, fruktosearmen Ernährung. Gelingt es Patienten, Gewicht zu verlieren, ist die Prognose gut, und fibrotische Veränderungen sind potenziell reversibel. Kommt es hingegen zu einer weiteren Gewichtszunahme schreitet die Erkrankung fort und kann in einem Leberversagen enden. Eine frühzeitige Diagnose und Therapieeinleitung sind daher essenziell.
Testbatterie bei unspezifischem Rückenschmerz – Wissenschaft nachgefragt
Authors: Veit Katrin
Published: May 2020

Christoph Biele untersuchte in seiner Masterarbeit, ob es sinnvoll ist, die Testbatterie von Hannu Luomajoki zur motorischen Kontrolle bei unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen zu erweitern. Mit seiner Arbeit gewann er den IFK-Wissenschaftspreis 2019 und publizierte sie international im British Medical Journal.
Momentaufnahme April 2020
Authors: Moers Stephanie
Published: May 2020

Szenario vor drei Wochen: Ups, plötzlich sind alle Familienmitglieder, mich eingeschlossen, zu Hause.
Am Limit – Sensation Seeking
Authors: Klaes Dominik
Published: May 2020

Persönlichkeitspsychologische Merkmale, bei denen Menschen immer neue, komplexe und intensive Eindrücke suchen und dabei teils physische, soziale und finanzielle Risiken in Kauf nehmen, bezeichnen Psychologen als Sensation Seeking. Was in ausgeprägter Form zu einem gefährlichen Lebensstil wird, kann sich auch durchaus positiv auf die Gesundheit auswirken – weniger Stress, mehr sportliche Aktivitäten und eine schnellere Rückkehr zur Arbeit nach einer Verletzung.
Die Liposuktion mit Vibrationsmikrokanülen ist eine erfolgreiche Therapie des Lipödems
Authors: Korsake Kristina , Rapprich Stefan
Published: May 2020

Das Lipödem ist eine chronische, progrediente, schmerzhafte, übermäßige Fettgewebsvermehrung bei Frauen mit deutlicher Disproportion zwischen Stamm und Extremitäten 1. Zusätzlich bestehen Ödeme, die durch Orthostase verstärkt werden, sowie eine Hämatomneigung nach Bagatelltraumen 2
3
4. Die Ursache ist unbekannt, daher gibt es keine kausale Therapiemöglichkeit. Die vielfach empfohlene komplexe physikalische Entstauungstherapie (KPE), bestehend aus manueller Lymphdrainage und Kompression, ist nur gegen die Ödemkomponente wirksam.

Eine dauerhafte Reduktion des krankhaften Unterhautfettgewebes an Beinen und Armen ist mittels Liposuktion durch die Mikrokanülentechnik in Tumeszenz-Lokalanästhesie möglich geworden 5.
22G Acquire vs. 20G Procore needle for endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of pancreatic masses: a randomized study comparing histologic sample quantity and diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Karsenti David , Palazzo Laurent , Perrot Bastien , Zago Jacqueline , Lemaistre Anne-Isabelle , Cros Jérôme , Napoléon Bertrand
Published: May 2020

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) has been suggested for obtaining high quality tissue samples from pancreatic tumors. We performed a multicenter randomized crossover trial comparing EUS-FNB with a 20G Procore needle vs. a 22G Acquire needle. The aims were to compare the quantity of targeted tissue (pancreas) and diagnostic accuracy for the two needles.

Methods 60 patients admitted for EUS-FNB in three endoscopy units were included. One pass was performed consecutively with each needle, in a randomized order. Histologic material was studied in a blinded manner with respect to the needle. The primary end point was mean cumulative length of tissue core biopsies per needle pass.

Results Final diagnosis was adenocarcinoma (n = 46; 77 %), neuroendocrine neoplasm (n = 11; 18 %), autoimmune pancreatitis (n = 2), and mass-forming chronic pancreatitis (n = 1). The mean cumulative length of tissue core biopsies per needle pass was significantly higher with the 22G Acquire needle at 11.4 mm (95 % confidence interval [CI] 9.0 – 13.8] vs. 5.4 mm (95 %CI 3.8 – 7.0) for the 20G Procore needle (P < 0.001), as was the mean surface area (3.5 mm2 [95 %CI 2.7 – 4.3] vs. 1.8 mm2 [95 %CI 1.2 – 2.3]; P < 0.001). Diagnostic adequacy and accuracy were 100 % and 87 % with the 22G Acquire needle, and 82 % and 67 % with the 20G Procore needle (P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusions EUS-guided biopsy of pancreatic masses with the 22G Acquire needle provided more tissue for histologic evaluation and better diagnostic accuracy than the 20G Procore needle.
Decline in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding during COVID-19 pandemic after initiation of lockdown in Austria
Authors: Schmiderer Andreas , Schwaighofer Hubert , Niederreiter Lukas , Profanter Christoph , Steinle Hartmut , Ziachehabi Alexander , Tilg Herbert
Published: May 2020

Background COVID-19 has spread rapidly around the world. The Austrian government implemented a lockdown on 16 March to contain further spread of the disease. We investigated the effects of lockdown on acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in Austria.

Methods We contacted 98 Austrian hospitals performing emergency endoscopies. The hospitals were asked to report upper GI endoscopies performed for recent hematemesis, melena, or both, and exhibiting endoscopically visible signs of bleeding. The study period was from 3 weeks before (calendar Week 9) to 3 weeks after (Week 14) initiation of the lockdown.

Results 61 % of Austrian hospitals, and importantly all major state hospitals, responded. A total of 575 upper GI bleedings occurred during the 3 weeks before and 341 during the 3 weeks after initiation of lockdown (40.7 % reduction). There was a 54.6 % decline in nonvariceal bleeding events at Week 14 compared with Week 9 (89 vs. 196), whereas rates of variceal hemorrhage did not change (15 vs. 17).

Conclusions National lockdown resulted in a dramatic decrease in upper GI bleeding events in Austrian hospitals.
A technique for introducing looped sutures in flexor tendon repair
Authors: Jagannath Kamath B , Ramanathan C.
Published: May 2020

This is the author′s experience of hypospadias reconstruction using Bracka′s technique (mainly) over a period of three years. A total of 98 procedures related to hypospadias were done in three years. The surgical technique is described. In the author′s hand, Bracka′s technique gives good result both functionally and in appearance. Its versatility enables its use in all types of hypospadias with consistently reproducible results with minimal complications. At the end of the second stage a circumcised penis with natural looking vertical slit neo-meatus at the apex of the glans is produced.
Role of tunica vaginalis interposition layer in hypospadias surgery
Authors: Yog Raj Handoo
Published: May 2020

Hypospadias surgery has evolved with more than 150 procedures for surgical correction of single anomaly .urethro-cutaneous fistula continues to be single most common complication of regardless of location of meatus, procedure performed and experience of surgeon. Every effort goes in prevention of this complication including overlapping suture line. Two stage repair, burying repaired urethra in scrotum, dartose flap. Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis from testis as a water proofing layer over reconstructed neo urethra decreasing fistula rate. Unlike dissection of dartose layer which can damage blood supply of overlying skin with impaired wound healing, tunica vaginalis brings vascular supply from outside source hence helping in healing of suture line of neo-urethra. Study of effectiveness of tunica vaginalis flap covering different hypospadias procedures in 126 cases over 6 years is presented with inference of significant decrease of urethra-cutaneous fistula rate.
Does closure of chronic pilonidal sinus still remain a matter of debate after bilateral rotation flap?(N-shaped closure technique)
Authors: Khaled M. Saad , Mohamed M.S. Awad
Published: May 2020

Background:Controversy still exists about the exact cause of pilonidal sinus either acquired or congenital, and also about what is the best surgical technique for the treatment of the disease. We successfully treated chronic pilonidal sinus with a new flap technique {N-shaped bilateral rotation flap} for closure of the defect.Materials and Methods:Thirty-two patients (30 men and two women) were treated by eccentric elliptical excision of the diseased tissues down to the postsacral fascia and closure of the defect with our flap [which is a random pattern flap], then a closed suction drain was placed at the base of the wound, with its tip being brought out in the gluteal region at least 5 cm lateral to the lower end of the suture line. Results: All our patients healed completely without recurrence during a period of average follow-up of two years. Mean hospital stay was 1.5 days (range 1-5 days). Mean time to complete healing was 11.9 days (range 6-18 days). Mean time off work was 13.7 days (range 10-21 days). Two patients had wound infection and one patient a partial breakdown. The recurrence rate was 0%.Conclusions:A tension-free suture via bilateral rotation flaps with a good suction at the button of the wound for drainage of blood from the bottom of the wound is the key to the success of repair without recurrence.
Splinting the penis for split skin grafting: Use of longitudinally split plastic syringe
Authors: Chacko Cyriac , Ramesh Kumar Sharma
Published: May 2020

We describe a new method of splinting the penile shaft following split skin grafting for avulsion injuries of the penis. A 10 ml syringe is split longitudinally and one half is applied either dorsally or ventrally after placing absorbent dressing on the grafted area. This is then held in place with either tape or bandage.
Unusual nerve supply of biceps from ulnar nerve and median nerve and a third head of biceps
Authors: Arora L , Dhingra R
Published: May 2020

Variations in branching pattern of the brachial plexus are common and have been reported by several investigators. Of the four main nerves traversing the arm, namely median, ulnar, radial and musculocutaneous, the ulnar and median nerve do not give any branches to muscles of the arm. Ulnar nerve after taking origin from medial cord of brachial plexus runs distally through axilla on medial side of axillary artery till middle of arm, where it pierces the medial intermuscular septum and enters the posterior compartment of arm. Ulnar nerve enters forearm between two heads of flexor carpi ulnaris from where it continues further. It supplies flexor carpi ulnaris , flexor digitorum profundus and several intrinsic muscles of hand . We recently observed dual supply of biceps muscle from ulnar and median nerves in arm. Musculocutaneous nerve was absent. Although communications between nerves in arm is rare, the communication between median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve were described from the 19th century which could explain innervation of biceps from median nerve. But no accurate description of ulnar nerve supplying biceps could be found in literature. Knowledge of anatomical variation of these nerves at level of upper arm is essential in light of the frequency with which surgery is performed to transfer nerve fascicles from ulnar nerve to biceps in case of brachial plexus injuries. We also observed third head of biceps, our aim is to describe the exact topography of this variation and to discuss its morphological.
Puncture, drainage and irrigation: Is that enough for treating an abscess?
Authors: Kalpesh J Gajiwala
Published: May 2020

An abscess is a common occurrence. The gold standard for treatment is incision and drainage. Here a simple technique of a small puncture followed by drainage and irrigation done under local anesthesia is described. Sixty-four patients were treated between 1990 and 2006. Barring two, which were taken off the study, all healed completely without recurrence. The advantages of this procedure are that it is simple, can be done as an office procedure enabling a quick return to work and results in faster, scar free healing. It also allows better pain management.
A Study on Morphology of Suprascapular Notch with Specific Emphasis on Completely Ossified Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament
Authors: Nayak Tushar V. , Gujar Subhash M.
Published: May 2020

Background and Aim The superior border of scapula is marked by suprascapular notch which is bridged by suprascapular ligament. Beneath this ligament, passes the suprascapular nerve. Narrow notch and completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament is one of the risk factors for suprascapular nerve entrapment. This study is done to study morphological variation of suprascapular notch. Knowledge of various types of suprascapular notch will help the clinician in early diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Materials and Methods A total of 525 human scapulae of unknown age and sex were studied for morphology of suprascapular notch at the Department of Anatomy, GMERS medical college, Vadnagar and at B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. Photographs of various types of suprascapular notch were taken using digital camera and classified as per the Rengachary classification.

Result In the present study, as per Rengachary classification, out of 525 scapulae, the most common is Type III (47.1%), least common is Type V (1.9%), and completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament is Type VI (8.9%).

Conclusion Knowledge of various types of suprascapular notch will help the physician in screening high-risk patients as well as diagnosis and treatment of suprascapular nerve entrapment disorder.
Evolution of Stroke Thrombectomy Techniques to Optimize First-Pass Complete Reperfusion
Authors: Ospel Johanna Maria , McTaggart Ryan , Kashani Nima , Psychogios Marios , Almekhlafi Mohammed , Goyal Mayank
Published: May 2020

Since 2015, endovascular therapy (EVT) has become the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion. It is a safe and highly effective treatment, and its number needed to treat of 2.6 is one of the highest throughout medicine. The ultimate goal when performing EVT is to maximize chances of good outcome through achievement of fast first-pass complete reperfusion, as incomplete and delayed reperfusion increases complication rates and negatively affects outcome. Since EVT has been established as standard of care, new devices have been developed and treatment techniques have been refined. This review provides a brief overview about the rationale for and history of EVT, followed by a detailed step-by-step description of how to perform EVT using the BADDASS (BAlloon guide with large bore Distal access catheter with Dual Aspiration with Stent-retriever as Standard approach), a combined technique, which is in our opinion the safest and most effective way to achieve fast first-pass complete reperfusion. We also discuss treatment strategies for patients with simultaneous high-grade carotid stenosis/pseudoocclusion/occlusion and gaining carotid access in challenging arch anatomy, as these are commonly encountered situations in AIS, and conclude with an outlook on new technologies and future directions of EVT.
Treatment Strategies for Tandem Occlusions in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gemmete Joseph J. , Wilseck Zachary , Pandey Aditya S. , Chaudhary Neeraj
Published: May 2020

There is no consensus for the treatment of a tandem occlusion (TO) in a patient presenting with an acute ischemic stroke. In this review article, we will focus on the controversial treatment strategies for TOs. First, we will discuss treatment options including retrograde, antegrade, and delayed approaches. Second, the role of carotid stent placement versus balloon angioplasty for the extracranial occlusion will be presented. Third, anticoagulation and antiplatelet regimens for the treatment TOs published in the literature will be reviewed. Finally, we will discuss whether there is a role for coil occlusion of the cervical carotid artery or whether staged carotid revascularization days after mechanical thrombectomy of the intracranial occlusion maybe appropriate. The optimal treatment strategy of TO has not been established and further larger trials need to be performed to answer the question.
The Human Microbiome, Conventional Medicine, and Homeopathy
Authors: Whitmont Ronald D.
Published: May 2020

Human health is intimately linked to the ecology and diversity of the human microbiome. Together, the human organism and the human microbiome work as a complex super-organism throughout the human life cycle. Microbiome science provides direct evidence and substantiation of the fundamental principles of homeopathy, including holism, psychosomatics, direction of cure, the Law of Similars, individuality and susceptibility, minimum dose, and homeostasis. Whilst many conventional (allopathic) medical treatments irreversibly damage the ecology of the microbiome and trigger chronic immune dysfunction and inflammation, the future sustainability of the entire field of medicine depends on the ability to recognize these inconvenient biological truths and to embrace a safer approach based on this evidence. Fortunately, one of the oldest forms of clinically verifiable, evidence-based, and ecologically sustainable medicine, that does not harm the microbiome, already exists in the form of homeopathy.
The Lateral Antebrachial Neurocutaneous Flap: A Cadaveric Study and Clinical Applications
Authors: Kanchanathepsak Thepparat , Rojpitipongsakorn Chanakarn , Tawonsawatruk Tulyapruek , Suppaphol Sorasak , Watcharananan Ittirat , Tuntiyatorn Panithan
Published: May 2020

Background The neurocutaneous flap is an axial pattern flap that receives a vascular supply from a vessel along its cutaneous nerve and has favorable outcomes when used for soft tissue reconstruction in the upper extremities. The neurocutaneous flap depends on the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) and its retrograde-flow has been studied via cadaveric dissection. The aim of this study is to prove the vascularity of the lateral antebrachial neurocutaneous (LABN) flap.

Methods The distally based LABN flap was created in 18 upper limbs (12 cadavers). The skin flap was dissected at the proximal half of the forearm and then diluted methylene blue was injected through the brachial artery. The pedicle of the flap on the distal half of the forearm was dissected along the LACN for the anatomical study of the perforating branches, paraneural vessels, and flap territory.

Results The mean age of cadavers was 74.1 years (nine males). The mean distance of most distal and proximal perforating branches from the radial styloid process were 2.32 ± 0.59 and 11.17 ± 1.72 cm, respectively. The mean total number of perforating branches was 7.4, which abundantly appeared approximately 4 to 5 cm from the radial styloid process. The mean flap territory was 8.64 ± 0.82 cm in width and 10.50 ± 1.90 cm in length. The mean forearm circumference was 24.84 ± 1.52 cm, and mean forearm length was 24.74 ± 1.8 cm.

Conclusion This study ensured that retrograde-flow via the neurocutaneous artery could be provided through the vascularity of the LABN flap, which suggests that the pivot point of the flap should not extend beyond 5 cm proximal to the radial styloid process. The LABN flap is a useful alternative method for performing soft tissue reconstruction in hand and wrist defects without sacrificing the major vessels.
German Heart Surgery Report 2019: The Annual Updated Registry of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Beckmann Andreas , Meyer Renate , Lewandowski Jana , Markewitz Andreas , Gummert Jan
Published: May 2020

Based on a longtime voluntary registry, founded by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (GSTCVS) in 1980, well-defined data of all cardiac, thoracic, and vascular surgery procedures performed in 78 German heart surgery departments during the year 2019 are analyzed. For this period, a total of 175,705 procedures were submitted to the registry, 100,446 summarized as heart surgery procedures in a classical sense. The unadjusted in-hospital survival rate for the 34,224 isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures (relationship on-/off-pump 3.8:1) was 97.3%. For the 36,650 isolated heart valve procedures (16,625 transcatheter interventions included), it was 96.4%. Concerning short- and long-term circulatory support, a total of 2,716 extracorporeal life support/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantations, resp. 953 assist device implantations (L-/ R-/ BVAD, TAH) were registered. In 2019, the number of isolated heart transplantations increased to 333, a rise of 6.7% compared to the previous year. The isolated lung transplantations amounted to 311, a decrease of 8.5%. This annually updated registry of the GSTCVS represents voluntary public reporting by accumulating actual information for nearly all heart surgical procedures in Germany, constitutes advancements in heart medicine, and represents a basis for quality management for all participating institutions. In addition, the registry demonstrates that the provision of cardiac surgery in Germany is up to date, appropriate, and nationwide patient treatment is guaranteed all the time.
A Review of Past and Present Weight Loss Strategies and the Potential Role of Bariatric Arterial Embolization
Authors: Danda Varun R. , Bailey Christopher R. , Weiss Clifford R.
Published: May 2020

The obesity epidemic is a growing public health concern that has a severe effect on the health care system with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Treatment options for obesity include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Newer, less-invasive therapies including endoscopic bariatric procedures have been developed in recent years to fill the treatment gap that exists between noninvasive approaches and surgery. Bariatric artery embolization (BAE) is a novel minimally invasive endovascular procedure that has been developed to treat obesity. Recent evidence has suggested that bariatric embolization is well tolerated and can induce clinically significant weight loss through a hormonally mediated mechanism. This article will review existing preclinical and clinical data, and explore future directions of the endovascular treatment of obesity.
Understanding droplet stability in acoustic levitation
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: May 2020

Using sound waves to break apart levitated droplets, researchers gain a better understanding of how droplets remain stable in mid-air.
Surface-modified silicon improves lithium-ion battery performance
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: May 2020

Investigators show that performance problems with silicon powders in lithium-ion batteries can be partially mitigated using surface modification techniques.
Current–voltage curves and operational stability in hot-carrier solar cell
Authors: Kamide K.
Published: May 2020

Current–voltage (I–V) curves and operational stability of hot-carrier solar cells are studied by a non-equilibrium theory considering three characteristic timescales of the hot-carrier dynamics (timescales for the extraction, equilibration, and thermalization). We find a hysteresis behavior in the I–V curves of high-efficiency hot-carrier solar cells, which could result in an operational instability. For practical application, we point out two types of instabilities that can degrade the device efficiency: one is intrinsic in a single cell and the other arises when plural cells are series-connected. It is also found that particle-number non-conserving processes, Auger recombination and impact ionization, increase the stability, showing an advantage of using a semiconductor material with a large Auger recombination coefficient for the light absorber.
Shape memory graphene and cutting-edge achievements
Authors: Wang Jie , Wang Huan , Zhang Zhuohao , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: May 2020

With the advantages of responsive shape memory property, fast response speed, multiple triggering strategies, and the remote control possibility, novel shape memory graphene (SMG) materials are able to gain fundamental success and play a great role in many areas. In this perspective, we will overview the cutting-edge achievements of SMG materials, including their latest fabrication approaches, triggering strategies, and typical applications, and discuss the future outlook of SMG.