bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key to High Performance Ion Hybrid Capacitor: Weakly Solvated Zinc Cations
Authors: Chen Peng , Sun Xiaohan , Plietker Bernd , Ruck Michael
Published: November 2023

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors suffer from lack of reversibility and dendrite formation. An electrolyte, based on a solution of a zinc salt in acetonitrile and tetramethylene sulfone, allows smooth zinc deposition with high coulombic efficiency in a Zn||stainless steel cell (99.6% for 2880 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2, 1.0 mAh cm−2). A Zn||Zn cell operates stably for at least 7940 h at 1.0 mA cm−2 with an area capacity of 10 mAh cm−2, or 648 h at 90% depth of discharge and 1 mA cm−2, 9.0 mAh cm−2. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the reason for the excellent reversibility: The zinc cation is only weakly solvated than in pure tetramethylene sulfone with the closest atoms at 3.3 to 3.8 Å. With this electrolyte, a zinc||activated‐carbon hybrid capacitor exhibits an operating voltage of 2.0 to 2.5 V, an energy‐density of 135 Wh kg−1 and a power‐density of 613 W kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1. At the very high current‐density of 15 A g−1, 29.3 Wh kg−1 and 14 250 W kg−1 are achieved with 81.2% capacity retention over 9000 cycles.
Towards Long‐Term Stable Perovskite Solar Cells: Degradation Mechanisms and Stabilization Techniques
Authors: Ahn Namyoung , Choi Mansoo
Published: November 2023

It is certain that perovskite materials must be a game‐changer in the solar industry as long as their stability reaches a level comparable with the lifetime of a commercialized Si photovoltaic. However, the operational stability of perovskite solar cells and modules still remains unresolved, especially when devices operate in practical energy‐harvesting modes represented by maximum power point tracking under 1 sun illumination at ambient conditions. This review article covers from fundamental aspects of perovskite instability including chemical decomposition pathways under light soaking and electrical bias, to recent advances and techniques that effectively prevent such degradation of perovskite solar cells and modules. In particular, fundamental causes for permanent degradation due to ion migration and trapped charges are overviewed and explain their interplay between ions and charges. Based on the degradation mechanism, recent advances on the strategies are discussed to slow down the degradation during operation for a practical use of perovskite‐based solar devices.
Surface Crystal Modification of Na3V2(PO4)3 to Cast Intermediate Na2V2(PO4)3 Phase toward High‐Rate Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Lei , Ma Linlin , Liu Yahui , Hou Baoxiu , Shang Ningzhao , Zhang Shuaihua , Song Jianjun , Chen Shuangqiang , Zhao Xiaoxian
Published: November 2023

The two‐phase reaction of Na3V2(PO4)3 – Na1V2(PO4)3 in Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is hindered by low electronic and ionic conductivity. To address this problem, a surface‐N‐doped NVP encapsulating by N‐doped carbon nanocage (N‐NVP/N‐CN) is rationally constructed, wherein the nitrogen is doped in both the surface crystal structure of NVP and carbon layer. The surface crystal modification decreases the energy barrier of Na+ diffusion from bulk to electrolyte, enhances intrinsic electronic conductivity, and releases lattice stress. Meanwhile, the porous architecture provides more active sites for redox reactions and shortens the diffusion path of ion. Furthermore, the new interphase of Na2V2(PO4)3 is detected by in situ XRD and clarified by density functional theory (DFT) calculation with a lower energy barrier during the fast reversible electrochemical three‐phase reaction of Na3V2(PO4)3 – Na2V2(PO4)3 – Na1V2(PO4)3. Therefore, as cathode of sodium‐ion battery, the N‐NVP/N‐CN exhibited specific capacities of 119.7 and 75.3 mAh g−1 at 1 C and even 200 C. Amazingly, high capacities of 89.0, 86.2, and 84.6 mAh g−1 are achieved after overlong 10000 cycles at 20, 40, and 50 C, respectively. This approach provides a new idea for surface crystal modification to cast intermediate Na2V2(PO4)3 phase for achieving excellent cycling stability and rate capability.
The Interaction between Collagen 1 and High Mannose Type CD133 Up‐Regulates Glutamine Transporter SLC1A5 to Promote the Tumorigenesis of Glioblastoma Stem Cells
Authors: Wei Yuanyan , Geng Shuting , Si Yu , Yang Yuerong , Chen Qihang , Huang Sijing , Chen Xiaoning , Xu Wenlong , Liu Yinchao , Jiang Jianhai
Published: November 2023

Targeting the niche components surrounding glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) helps to develop more effective glioblastoma treatments. However, the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between GSCs and microenvironment remain largely unknown. Clarifying the extracellular molecules binding to GSCs marker CD133 helps to elucidate the mechanism of the communication between GSCs and the microenvironment. Here, it is found that the extracellular domain of high mannose type CD133 physically interacts with Collagen 1 (COL1) in GSCs. COL1, mainly secreted by cancer‐associated fibroblasts, is a niche component for GSCs. COL1 enhances the interaction between CD133 and p85 and activates Akt phosphorylation. Activation of Akt pathway increases transcription factor ATF4 protein level, subsequently enhances SLC1A5‐dependent glutamine uptake and glutathione synthesis. The inhibition of CD133‐COL1 interaction or down‐regulation of SLC1A5 reduces COL1‐accelerated GSCs self‐renewal and tumorigenesis. Analysis of glioma samples reveals that the level of COL1 is correlated with histopathological grade of glioma and the expression of SLC1A5. Collectively, COL1, a niche component for GSCs, enhances the tumorigenesis of GSCs partially through CD133‐Akt‐SLC1A5 signaling axis, providing a new mechanism underlying the cross‐talk between GSCs and extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment.
Spatiotemporal Microscopy: Shining Light on Transport Phenomena
Authors: Vazquez Guillermo D. Brinatti , Morganti Giulia Lo Gerfo , Block Alexander , van Hulst Niek F. , Liebel Matz , Tielrooij Klaas‐Jan
Published: November 2023

Transport phenomena like diffusion, convection, and drift play key roles in the sciences and engineering disciplines. They belong to the most omnipresent and important phenomena in nature that describe the motion of entities such as mass, charge or heat. Understanding and controlling these transport phenomena is crucial for a host of industrial technologies and applications, from cooling nuclear reactors to nanoscale heat‐management in the semiconductor industry. For decades, macroscopic transport techniques have been used to access important parameters such as charge mobilities or thermal conductivities. While being powerful, they often require physical contacts, which can lead to unwanted effects. Over the past years, an exciting solution has emerged: a technique called spatiotemporal microscopy (SPTM) that accesses crucial transport phenomena in a contactless, all‐optical, fashion. This technique offers powerful advantages in terms of accessible timescales, down to femtoseconds, and length scales, down to nanometres, and, further, selectively observes different species of interest. This tutorial review discusses common experimental configurations of SPTM and explains how they can be implemented by those entering the field. This review highlights the broad applicability of SPTM by presenting several exciting examples of transport phenomena that were unravelled thanks to this technique.
Sea State Adaptation Enhances Power Output of Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Tailored Ocean Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Gonçalves Isabel , Rodrigues Cátia , Ventura João
Published: November 2023

To face the climate crisis, sustainable energy harvesting systems are critical. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are in the spotlight for their inexpensive and non‐toxic manufacturing, allied with their excellence in harvesting low frequency vibrations. Ocean waves are a prime example of energy source in this regime, and their successful harvesting with TENGs has been widely demonstrated. However, the influence of wave characteristics on the power output of these devices has so far been overlooked. Here, the existence of a moving element that acts upon the nanogenerators is explored both with multiphysics simulations and an extensive experimental characterization under different operating conditions. It is shown how different sea states modulate the moving body velocity, and how the generator can be optimized to harvest waves with specific characteristics. In parallel, it is demonstrated that the power output is proportional to the contacting triboelectric layers velocity. Optimizing the dynamics of the moving body provides an efficient path to intentionally tune the contacting triboelectric layers velocity, and therefore improve the output of TENGs and their suitability to harvest specific sea states.
Bioinspired bioassay platforms derived from colloidal crystals with topological shapes
Authors: Wang Huan , Zhang Hui , Bian Feika , Zhang Dagan , Gu Hongcheng , Kong Bin
Published: November 2023

Colloidal crystals are materials self‐assembled from the colloidal nanoparticles. Due to the ordered microstructure, they exhibit significant optical properties and have shown huge potential in the field of biosensing. Besides, the unique macroscopic shapes can also play a critical role in the sensing process. Here, we present a comprehensive discussion on the colloidal crystal‐based biosensors with different topological shapes, including the development strategies of currently reported colloidal crystal particles, films, and fibers, and their recent progress in biosensing. In addition, the faced challenges and the possible solutions are also concluded and discussed. We expect this review can enrich the knowledge and encourage the communication of interdisciplinary researchers, thus promoting the further development and practical applications of colloidal crystal‐based biosensors.
The prevalence of corporal punishment in Australia: Findings from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Haslam Divna M. , Malacova Eva , Higgins Daryl , Meinck Franziska , Mathews Ben , Thomas Hannah , Finkelhor David , Havighurst Sophie , Pacella Rosana , Erskine Holly , Scott James G. , Lawrence David
Published: November 2023

Corporal punishment is associated with adverse outcomes; however, little empirical data exists about the state of corporal punishment in Australia. This paper presents the first national prevalence estimates of experiences of corporal punishment during childhood among Australians and its use as adults by Australian parents and caregivers. We also report community beliefs about the necessity of corporal punishment. Results show corporal punishment remains common in Australia. A high proportion of Australians (62.5%) experienced corporal punishment in childhood, including almost 6 in 10 (58.4%) young people aged 16–24. Approximately half of all parents surveyed (53.7%) had used corporal punishment. A quarter of Australians (26.4%) believe corporal punishment is necessary to raise children, 73.6% do not view it as necessaryThe use of corporal punishment and belief in its necessity are lower among younger people. Findings indicate the experience of corporal punishment remains unacceptably high in Australia but that the use of corporal punishment and beliefs about its necessity may be changing. These findings have significant implications for policy and practice in Australia. Changes in legislation could reduce this form of violence toward children. Relatively low rates of endorsement of the necessity of corporal punishment suggest the Australian community may be receptive to attempts for law reform in this area.
Including the infant in family therapy and systemic practice: charting a new frontier
Authors: Opie Jessica E. , McHale James P. , Fonagy Peter , Lieberman Alicia , Duschinsky Robbie , Keren Miri , Paul Campbell
Published: November 2023

This position paper from a core group of infant mental health academics and clinicians addresses the conspicuous underrepresentation of the infant in mainstream family therapy. Despite infants' social capacities and clear contributions to family dynamics, they remain largely overlooked within this therapeutic context. We suggest that family therapists have moral and professional responsibilities to support the participation, protection, and well‐being of all family members, including the infant. Here, we emphasise the importance of including the infant in the family therapy setting. By highlighting their frequent omission, we aim to amplify infants' often unheard ‘voice,’ role, and contributions to family development, especially recovery from distress. A shift towards infant inclusion as the rule rather than the exception represents a new frontier of integration. We first highlight the relational nature of infant development with a focus on the infants' psychosocial capacities and vulnerabilities. We then consider reasons why the infant may be overlooked in family and systemic therapies and offer a rationale for inviting the infant into these settings, illustrated through the use of a clinical case vignette. To facilitate infant inclusion, we propose a series of guidelines to meaningfully incorporate infants into family therapy practices. We conclude by encouraging shifts in family therapy research, training, and practice to better incorporate and understand the unique contributions of the infant to family life.
Valorization of Fenton sludge by pyrolysis as a green adsorbent for arsenate removal
Authors: Cho Eun‐Ji , Kyu‐Kang Jin‐ , Lee Chang‐Gu , Park Seong‐Jik
Published: November 2023

Significant quantities of Fenton sludge (FS) are produced during the treatment of industrial wastewater from the plating industry because of the removal of residual organic matter and color‐causing substances. This study proposes repurposing waste FS as a valuable resource to contribute to environmentally favorable remediation initiatives. This study focuses on producing Fenton sludge biochar (FS‐BC), which effectively removes As(V) from wastewater and offers a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Different FS‐BC samples were produced at various pyrolysis temperatures (300–900 °C), with FS‐BC‐900 exhibiting the greatest As(V) adsorption capacity. As(V) removal was primarily mediated by electrostatic attraction with iron oxide, and adsorption via inner‐sphere complex formation, as revealed by the XPS analysis. FS‐BC‐900 had a remarkable maximum As(V) adsorption capacity of 148.7 mg/g (initial concentration: 100–900 mg/l; reaction time: 96 h; pH 7.86), surpassing many other adsorbents reported in the literature. FS‐BC‐900 also demonstrated a high As(V) removal percentage, with 6.67 g/l of FS‐BC‐900 removing 96.8% of the As(V). Notably, the adsorption of As(V) by FS‐BC‐900 was affected by certain factors, including pH and carbonate presence. High pH and carbonate inhibited the ability of FS‐BC‐900 to adsorb As(V). This study presents a novel method for utilizing FS to combat As(V)‐contaminated water‐induced environmental contamination. This study contributes to eco‐friendly and sustainable wastewater treatment and As(V) remediation strategies by transforming waste into valuable resources.
Preparation of antistatic and biodegradable packaging of PLA/PHBV blend‐based glassy carbon and graphene nanoplatelets composites
Authors: Oyama Isabela Monteiro Cesar , dos Anjos Erick Gabriel Ribeiro , de Melo Morgado Guilherme Ferreira , Brazil Tayra Rodrigues , Kantun‐Uicab María Cristina , Passador Fabio Roberto
Published: November 2023

Glassy carbon (GC) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were used as fillers for the preparation of antistatic and biodegradable composites based on poly (lactic acid)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PLA/PHBV) blend. In this work, PLA/PHBV (80/20) blends with the addition of different GC contents (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) were prepared by melt mixing using a twin‐screw extruder, and specimens were injection molded. Furthermore, hybrid composites were prepared with the addition of 5 wt% of GNP and different GC contents (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) using the same processing. The effect of the addition of GC and GNP on the mechanical, electrical, and electromagnetic properties and its effect on the biodegradability of the PLA/PHVB blend was evaluated. The simultaneous addition of GC (0.3 and 0.5 wt%) and GNP (5 wt%) significantly increases the elastic modulus and decreases the electrical resistivity, becoming suitable for electrostatic discharge protection packaging applications. The hybrid composite GC0.5/GNP5 reached a maximum value of total attenuation (4.5 dB), which corresponds to 60% EMI shielding. The degree of crystallinity affects biodegradability more than the type or presence of carbon material. After 110 days of anaerobic biodegradation, the hybrid composite exhibited 10% biodegradability due to the high degree of crystallinity that hinders the biodegradability process. The hybrid composites with the addition of GC and GNP are very promising for use in antistatic packaging.
The emotional appeal of shared fantasies in Nazi propaganda: A psychoanalytic view
Authors: Hartman John J.
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the emotional appeal of Nazi propaganda from a psychoanalytic point of view. A shared ideological narrative connecting to unconscious fantasies within a large group psychology are utilized to explain this emotional appeal in the context of an intersubjective leader‐audience relationship. A narrative of narcissistic revenge, apocalyptic battle, and utopian unity and purification are explored utilizing speeches of Hitler as examples of ideological transmission. Prophesizing the extermination of the Jews of Europe is understood as integral to the emotional appeal of Nazi propaganda.
Geoarchaeological investigations in Artanish Peninsula, Armenia: Testing a new geochemical prospecting method for archaeology
Authors: Hovhannisyan Arshavir , Bobokhyan Arsen , Kunze René , Fassbinder Jörg W. E. , Hahn Sandra E. , Arakelyan Dmitri , Grigoryan Avetis , Harutyunyan Marianna , Siradeghyan Varduhi
Published: November 2023

Within the framework of an Armenian–German research project, taking place between 2019 and 2021 on the Artanish Peninsula at Lake Sevan (Armenia), in addition to numerous (geo‐) archaeological investigations, methods of geochemical prospection have been carried out. The ancient burial grounds of Artanish 23 and Artanish 29 have served as model sites to successfully test the well‐known method of geochemical prospection and evaluation of metal deposits in geology (mineral sector). As a result, a new experimental archaeo‐geochemical prospecting and evaluation method has been developed, which has been adapted for the exploration of archaeological monuments. It is planned to use this experimental method (which we consider new and important in archaeogeochemical investigation, but not a conclusive and comprehensive work per se), which has already proven its work capacity, in archaeological research, in the prospective areas of Armenia and other countries. In addition to these investigations, research on the transformations in the landscape of the ancient tombs related to Lake Sevan fluctuations has also been carried out. The anthropogenic impact of humans on the environment (geochemical halos formed in the soil on the surface of the tombs) has been studied, as well as the problem of the impact of geological environment on human life activities, that is, the relocation of the burial grounds to more elevated areas due to the rise in the lake level. Based on the results of geochemical sampling and high‐resolution magnetometer surveys, excavations have been performed at the site. Here, we present the results of an experimental study exploring the potential of combined magnetometer prospection and chemical soil analyses to locate and characterize the burial ground of Artanish on Lake Sevan, Armenia. The results have demonstrated the capability of these analyses to detect the sites, outline hotspots and interpret the features identified in the magnetometer results.
The challenges of signal interpretation of burials in ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Martindale Andrew , Wadsworth William T. D. , Simons Eric , Whiting Brian , Grier Colin
Published: November 2023

The identification of unmarked graves and burials is one of most common applications of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) in archaeology. Despite a high frequency of use and a long history of experimentation, there appears to be considerable variability on what indicates a burial in GPR data—likely a consequence of heterogeneity in geological contexts, age and in burial practices. Although general statements about uncertainty in GPR interpretation may be acceptable in archaeological applications, the interpretative process becomes more complicated when GPR is used to locate unmarked graves in culturally, politically and legally contested locations such as at former Indian Residential Schools (IRSs) in Canada. In this paper, we review international applications of the technique and identify trends and traits between the authors' use of GPR to identify burials. By categorizing the studies based on the GPR reflection signatures identified, our review demonstrates that there is modest consensus across the 77 documents reviewed for what represents a burial. Interrogating these findings, we identify a range of potential contributors to signal heterogeneity and outline potential steps forward to a higher confidence or more statistically robust identification of unmarked graves using GPR.
Robust Laguerre‐based model predictive control for trajectory tracking of a mobile robot using an linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐based approach
Authors: Jamalabadi Marzieh , Firouzmand Elnaz , Sharifi Iman , Naraghi Mahyar
Published: November 2023

This paper studies the trajectory tracking of a constrained mobile robot under slippery conditions. The goal is to propose a controller for real‐time operations of time‐varying dynamics with insignificant execution time. Therefore, a Laguerre‐based model predictive control (LMPC) is designed, and robustness is provided with an linear matrix inequality (LMI)‐feedback controller. Moreover, a recursive least square (RLS) algorithm with a forgetting factor is utilized to identify the required parameters of the LMI‐based controller. LMPC and LMI‐based controller stability is achieved with suboptimal theory and Lyapunov function, respectively. This algorithm separates the nominal system and introduces new dynamics containing uncertainties. Furthermore, LMPC is removed from the online calculation, which dramatically reduces computation burden and time; consequently, online computation is dedicated to determining the LMI feedback. Simulations are provided to compare the proposed robust controller to its not robust counterpart. Finally, it is demonstrated that this controller diminishes the execution time considerably, making it incomparable to previous robust MPC strategies.
Robust control scheme for uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems subject to digital communication constraint and incomplete sojourn‐time information
Authors: Zhang Linchuang , Du Xinye , Sun Yonghui , Zhai Suwei , Wang Yi , Zhou Wei
Published: November 2023

This paper deals with the robust control problem for networked uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems over digital communication channel, where some complicated factors are considered in this framework, such as false data injection attacks, incomplete sojourn‐time information, and actuator fault. In network environment, these problems frequently occurred: (1) Data must be quantified before it is transmitted via digital communication channels, and (2) there is always the risk of cyber‐attack. Traditional controllers are not effective to solve the robust control design issue of uncertain semi‐Markov jump systems since the signal quantization and cyber‐attack will degrade control performance evidently. Then, a resilient controller is designed to guarantee the stable running of system with incomplete sojourn‐time information and the system resiliency to unsecure shared data. With the help of Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions are derived in the form of linear matrix inequality, which can determine the gains of the resilient controller. Finally, the simulation examples about single‐machine infinite‐bus power system are given to explain the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control approach.
Trend der Brückeneinstürze bei zunehmender Berichterstattung
Authors: Proske Dirk
Published: November 2023

In den letzten Wochen und Monaten erfolgten in den Tagesmedien vermehrt Berichterstattungen über Brückeneinstürze. Diese betrafen sowohl Einstürze von Brücken im Bau als auch Einstürze durch außergewöhnliche Einwirkungen wie Hochwasser, Blitzfluten, Anpralle oder Brände oder unter Verkehrsbelastung. Diese gehäufte Berichterstattung legt die Frage nahe, ob sich die Einsturzhäufigkeit von Brücken in diesem und im letzten Jahr erhöht hat. In diesem Beitrag wird der Versuch unternommen, diese Frage zu beantworten. Dazu werden sowohl bisherige Studien als auch aktuelle Prognosen zusammengefasst. Darüber hinaus erfolgt ein Vergleich der Daten der IABSE‐Einsturzdatenbank mit einer eigenen Datensammlung. Im Ergebnis kann man nicht bestätigen, dass die Einsturzhäufigkeit von Brücken gestiegen ist, vermutlich ist aber der seit Jahrzehnten zu beobachtende fallende Trend der Einsturzhäufigkeiten zum Stillstand gekommen.
Water contaminant: Use it but do not shield it to synthesize co‐polymers with multiple emission colours
Authors: Yang Yuan , Dong Fenghao , Qi Chunxuan , Lv Jiawei , Lu Huiming , Sun Yuqing , Zeng Cheng , Shen Richao , Lei Ziqiang , Ma Hengchang
Published: November 2023

Due to the high affinity with water molecules, amide compounds are easily contaminated by moisture; therefore, the water interference effect cannot be totally excluded from the amide‐involved reactions. Thus, the perfect solution is to use the interference effect but not shield it in a real application. In this work, we introduced different contents of sodium acrylate (AAS) to scavenge water from the monomers of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) when copolymerized with TPA‐Vinyl‐4CN. Herein, water molecules play a role as nucleophilic reagents to attack highly active functional groups as –C=C–CN from TPA‐Vinyl‐4CN, leading to a blue emissive TPA‐Vinyl‐2CHO. From this study, we made a deep awareness of the interactions between three reaction partners of AAS and NIPAm as well as TPA‐Vinyl‐4CN. Our results clearly demonstrated the fact that water can be perfectly used and controlled by the water absorbent of AAS, developing a new approach to synthesizing multiple emission‐coloured polymers by using only one luminogen of TPA‐Vinyl‐4CN.
Developing an ultra‐intensified fed‐batch cell culture process with greatly improved performance and productivity
Authors: Xiang Shaoxun , Zhang Jinliang , Yu Le , Tian Jun , Tang Wenxiu , Tang Hao , Xu Kecui , Wang Xin , Cui Yanyan , Ren Kaidi , Cao Weijia , Su Yuning , Zhou Weichang
Published: November 2023

Intensified fed‐batch (IFB), a popular cell culture intensification strategy, has been widely used for productivity improvement through high density inoculation followed by fed‐batch cultivation. However, such an intensification strategy may counterproductively induce rapidly progressing cell apoptosis and difficult‐to‐sustain productivity. To improve culture performance, we developed a novel cell culture process intermittent‐perfusion fed‐batch (IPFB) which incorporates one single or multiple cycles of intermittent perfusion during an IFB process for better sustained cellular and metabolic behaviors and notably improved productivity. Unlike continuous perfusion or other semi‐continuous processes such as hybrid perfusion fed‐batch with only early‐stage perfusion, IPFB applies limited times of intermittent perfusion in the mid‐to‐late stage of production and still inherits bolus feedings on nonperfusion days as in a fed‐batch culture. Compared to IFB, an average titer increase of ~45% was obtained in eight recombinant CHO cell lines studied. Beyond IPFB, ultra‐intensified IPFB (UI‐IPFB) was designed with a markedly elevated seeding density of 20–80 × 106 cell/mL, achieved through the conventional alternating tangential flow filtration (ATF) perfusion expansion followed with a cell culture concentration step using the same ATF system. With UI‐IPFB, up to ~6 folds of traditional fed‐batch and ~3 folds of IFB productivity were achieved. Furthermore, the application grounded in these two novel processes showed broad‐based feasibility in multiple cell lines and products of interest, and was proven to be effective in cost of goods reduction and readily scalable to a larger scale in existing facilities.
Usage and impact of patient‐reported outcomes in epilepsy
Authors: Vonck Kristl , Biraben Arnaud , Bosak Magdalena , Jennum Poul Jørgen , Kimiskidis Vasilios K , Marusic Petr , Mitchell James W. , Ferreira Lara N. , Ondrušová Martina , Pana Adrian , Persson Ulf , von Oertzen Tim J. , Lattanzi Simona
Published: November 2023

Background

The use of patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) in clinical practice is gaining increasing attention. This study aimed to provide a critical assessment of the current state‐of‐the‐art and beliefs about the use of PRO in the management of people with epilepsy across some European countries.

Methods

Structured interviews were conducted with European experts to collect insights about (I) the personal experience with PRO; (II) the value and impact of PRO in the decision‐making process at the national level; and (III) the interest for and use of PRO by national health authorities.

Results

Nine neurologists (Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom), three health economists (Portugal, Romania, and Sweden), and one epidemiologist (Slovakia) participated. They all stated that PRO are collected at their own countries in the context of clinical trials and/or specific projects. During everyday clinical practice, PRO are collected routinely/almost routinely in Austria and Sweden and only at the discretion of the treating physicians in Czechia, Denmark, France, Greece, and Portugal. There was complete consensus about the favorable impact that the PRO can have in terms of clinical outcomes, healthcare resources utilization, and general patient satisfaction. Only participants from Portugal and Sweden answered that the PRO are perceived as very important by the National Health Authorities of their respective countries.

Conclusions

Differences exist in attitudes and perspectives about PRO in epilepsy across Europe. An active plan is warranted to harmonize the measurement of PRO and ensure they can be relevant to people with epilepsy and health services.
Risks in circular business models innovation: A cross‐industrial case study for composite materials
Authors: Tuni Andrea , Gutteridge Fiona , Ijomah Winifred L. , Mirpourian Maryam
Published: November 2023

Circular business models (CBMs) are key enablers to implement circular economy (CE), yet they entail risks, which often discourage organisations. This work aims to explore the main risk factors perceived by the manufacturing industry in transitioning to CBMs to enable the development of appropriate risk management strategies. A cross‐industrial multiple‐case study research design was used to explore risk factors across seven organisations planning the transition to CBMs for composite‐based products and involving three different CBM types—‘Circular Supplies’, ‘Product Life Extension’ and ‘Hybrid’. Results evidenced that risks are multi‐disciplinary but are not equally perceived across different CBM types. Customers' perceptions of CE products, economic cycle and take‐back systems were prevalent across all CBMs. Supply and technological risks were prioritised for ‘Circular Supplies’ CBM, whereas political and regulatory risks for ‘Product Life Extension’ CBM. This research contributes to the CE field by evaluating and prioritising the perceived risk factors in transitioning to CBMs and first disaggregating such risk factors according to CBM types. Critical risk patterns identified across different industries and CBM types enable mitigating actions to be prioritised.
Hydraulic conductivity of human cancer tissue: A hybrid study
Authors: Salavati Hooman , Pullens Pim , Debbaut Charlotte , Ceelen Wim
Published: November 2023

Background

Elevated tumor tissue interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) is an adverse biomechanical biomarker that predicts poor therapy response and an aggressive phenotype. Advances in functional imaging have opened the prospect of measuring IFP non‐invasively. Image‐based estimation of the IFP requires knowledge of the tissue hydraulic conductivity (K), a measure for the ease of bulk flow through the interstitium. However, data on the magnitude of K in human cancer tissue are not available.

Methods

We measured the hydraulic conductivity of tumor tissue using modified Ussing chambers in surgical resection specimens. The effect of the tumor microenvironment (TME) on K was investigated by quantifying the collagen content, cell density, and fibroblast density of the tested samples using quantitative immune histochemistry. Also, we developed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to evaluate the role of K on interstitial fluid flow and drug transport in solid tumors.

Results

The results show that the hydraulic conductivity of human tumor tissues is very limited, ranging from approximately 10−15 to 10−14 m2/Pa∙s. Moreover, K values varied significantly between tumor types and between different samples from the same tumor. A significant inverse correlation was found between collagen fiber density and hydraulic conductivity values. However, no correlation was detected between K and cancer cell or fibroblast densities. The computational model demonstrated the impact of K on the interstitial fluid flow and the drug concentration profile: higher K values led to a lower IFP and deeper drug penetration.

Conclusions

Human tumor tissue is characterized by a very limited hydraulic conductivity, representing a barrier to effective drug transport. The results of this study can inform the development of realistic computational models, facilitate non‐invasive IFP estimation, and contribute to stromal targeting anticancer therapies.
Evaluation of colposcopy after the addition of human papillomavirus testing to the Turkish cervical cancer screening program
Authors: Gunes Ali Can , Ozgul Nejat , Turkyılmaz Murat , Kara Fatih , Unlu Fahriye , Ayhan Ali , Gultekin Murat
Published: November 2023

Objective

To evaluate colposcopy performance following the human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA screening program in Turkey.

Methods

Women aged 30–65 years are screened for cervical cancer every 5 years, with individuals positive for HPV 16 and/or 18 or other high‐risk HPV types with abnormal cytology referred for colposcopy. Both HPV test and cytology are obtained at the same visit. If HPV is negative, cytology will not be assessed. However, if HPV is positive, both cytology and HPV genotyping will be performed. Colposcopy‐require was defined as HPV 16/18 positivity or abnormal smear results with any hrHPV positivity, and the remaining patients (normal smear with hrHPV positivity other than HPV 16/18) were grouped as colposcopy non‐required. National data on colposcopy outcomes and unnecessary performance rates in February 2018–2019 were evaluated via a questionnaire.

Results

A total of 9808 patients were included, divided based on colposcopy requirement: 5751 (58.6%) patients required colposcopy and 4057 (41.4%) did not. Unnecessary colposcopy was performed on 90.1% of the non‐required group (3657 of 4057 patients). In the colposcopy‐required group, 4455 patients (79.9%) underwent punch biopsy; 3194 (57.1%), endocervical curettage (ECC); and 421 (7.5%), “see and treat” in the non‐required group, the results were 2790 (76.3%), 1957 (53.2%), and 211 (5.7%), respectively. A total of 746 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)‐3 isolates were detected, including 702 using existing screening and triage with 94.1% sensitivity (702/746). Multiple biopsies were taken in 69.8% (n = 3110) of patients from the colposcopy‐required group and 63.7% (n = 1777) from the non‐required group. The ECC samples included 19 cervical cancers and 212 ≥CIN‐3 lesions in the colposcopy‐required group, and four cancers and 41 ≥CIN‐3 lesions in the non‐required group. The proportion of ≥CIN‐3 lesions detected by ECC only was 4.7% (35 of 746 ≥CIN‐3 lesions).

Conclusion

Our results showed high rates of unnecessary colposcopies, and a high percentage of multiple and random punch biopsies and ECC.
A novel nomogram and risk stratification for early metastasis in cervical cancer after radical radiotherapy
Authors: Liu Linying , Lin Jie , Deng Sufang , Yu Haijuan , Xie Ning , Sun Yang
Published: November 2023

Object

This study aimed to establish an effective risk nomogram to predict the early distant metastasis (EDM) probability of cervical cancer (CC) patients treated with radical radiotherapy to aid individualized clinical decision‐making.

Methods

A total of 489 patients with biopsy‐confirmed CC between December 2018 and January 2021 were enrolled. Logistic regression with the stepwise backward method was used to identify independent risk factors. The nomogram efficacy was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), C‐index by 1000 bootstrap replications, etc. Finally, patients were divided into high‐ and low‐risk groups of EDM based on the cut‐off value of nomogram points.

Results

36 (7.36%) CC patients had EDM, and 20 (55.6%) EDM had more than one metastatic site involved. Age below 51 (OR = 2.298, p < 0.001), tumor size larger than 4.5 cm (OR = 3.817, p < 0.001) and radiotherapy (OR = 3.319, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors of EDM. For the nomogram model, C‐index was 0.701 (95% CI = 0.604–0.798), and 0.675 (95% CI = 0.578–0.760) after 1000 bootstrap resampling validations. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test demonstrated no overfitting (p = 0.924). According to the Kaplan–Meier curve of risk score, patients with high risk were more prone to get EDM (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This is the first research to focus on EDM in CC patients. We have developed a robust scoring system to predict the risk of EDM in CC patients to screen out appropriate cases for consolidation therapy and more intensive follow‐up.
Giving feedback using “Speedback”
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: November 2023

In this month's column, let's look at giving and receiving feedback, and one innovative and supportive way to engage your team in giving feedback to one another.
Protect Jewish students from anti‐Semitism, discrimination
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: November 2023

Earlier this year, the Office for Civil Rights published a fact sheet focused on how colleges and universities can protect students from discrimination related to “shared ancestry or ethnic considerations” (bit.ly/3iPfyZP). Campus Legal Advisor covered this fact sheet in depth in our March 2023 issue (bit.ly/48gwhdu).
Prepare for increasing natural disasters and other emergencies on or near campus
Authors: Bedrossian Louise
Published: November 2023

The news is full of alarming global reports of unusual natural disasters attributed to rapidly increasing climate change. Floods, forest fires, powerful winter storms, and storms with high winds and massive amounts of rain are becoming increasingly common.
Incel ideology on TikTok may be spurring violence against women
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: November 2023

TikTok may be increasing misogynistic violence against women, according to research conducted at the University of Portsmouth in the United Kingdom. Researchers looked at specifically incel (which stands for “involuntarily celibate”) culture on TikTok by analyzing prominent incel accounts and their videos.
Alemtuzumab‐induced petechiae and epistaxis in a patient with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: A case report
Authors: Mahmoudi Farhad , Emami Sayed Ali , Masaeli Farid , Rayatpisheh Najmeh
Published: November 2023

Key clinical message

Here, we present a case of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis that experienced petechiae and epistaxis following treatment with second dose of alemtuzumab. This study highlights such effects, emphasizing the need for vigilance as alemtuzumab usage increases. Timely recognition and management are vital for patient care.
Application of a dried blood spot based proteomic and genetic assay for diagnosing hereditary angioedema
Authors: Iuraşcu Marius‐Ionuţ , Balla Zsuzsanna , Pereira Catarina , Andrási Noémi , Varga Lilian , Csuka Dorottya , Szilágyi Ágnes , Tripolszki Kornelia , Khan Suliman , Susnea Iuliana , Bauer Peter , Cozma Claudia , Farkas Henriette
Published: November 2023

Background

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) with C1‐inhibitor deficiency (C1‐INH‐HAE) is a rare disease caused by low level (type I) or dysfunction (type II) of the C1‐inhibitor protein with subsequent reduction of certain complement protein levels.

Methods

To develop and test the reliability of a two‐tier method based on C1‐INH and C4 quantitation followed by genetic analysis from dried blood spot (DBS) for establishing the diagnosis of C1‐INH‐HAE. C1‐INH and C4 proteins have been quantified in human plasma using a classical immuno‐assay and in DBS using a newly developed proteolytic liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method. Genetic analysis was carried out as reported previously (PMID: 35386643) and by a targeted next‐generation sequencing panel, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification and in some cases whole genome sequencing.

Results

DBS quantification of C1‐INH and C4 showed the same pattern as plasma, offering the possibility of screening patients with AE symptoms either locally or remotely. Genetic analysis from DBS verified each of the previously identified SERPING1 mutations of the tested C1‐INH‐HAE patients and revealed the presence of other rare variations in genes that may be involved in the pathogenesis of AE episodes.

Conclusions

C1‐INH/C4 quantification in DBS can be used for screening of hereditary AE and DNA extracted from dried blood spots is suitable for identifying various types of mutations of the SERPING1 gene.
Diabetes mellitus in long‐term survivors with colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer: Prevalence and prognosis. A population‐based study
Authors: Yang Keyi , Doege Daniela , Thong Melissa S. Y. , Koch‐Gallenkamp Lena , Weisser Linda , Bertram Heike , Eberle Andrea , Holleczek Bernd , Nennecke Alice , Waldmann Annika , Zeissig Sylke Ruth , Pritzkuleit Ron , Jansen Lina , Brenner Hermann , Arndt Volker
Published: November 2023

Background

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous studies on the prevalence and prognostic impact of DM in cancer survivors were limited by small sample sizes or short follow‐up times. We aimed to compare the patient‐reported prevalence of DM in long‐term cancer survivors (LTCS), who survived 5 years or more after cancer diagnosis, with that in cancer‐free controls, and to estimate the mortality risk among LTCS according to DM status.

Methods

Our population‐based cohort comprised 6952 LTCS diagnosed with breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer between 1994 and 2004, recruited in 2008–2011 (baseline), and followed until 2019. A total of 1828 cancer‐free individuals served as controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare the prevalence of DM in LTCS and controls, and according to covariates at baseline. Mortality among LTCS according to DM was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

A total of 962 (13.8%) LTCS at baseline reported DM. Prevalence of DM in LTCS was not higher than in cancer‐free controls, both at baseline (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66–0.97) and at follow‐up (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67–1.04). Prevalence of DM in LTCS was associated with cancer site, older age, lower education, higher socioeconomic deprivation, higher body mass index, physical inactivity, other comorbidities, and poorer prognosis (adjusted hazard ratio [all‐cause mortality] = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15–1.44).

Conclusion

DM in LTCS is prevalent, but not higher than in cancer‐free population controls. Cancer survivors with concurrent DM are at a potentially higher risk of death.

Plain Language Summary

Cancer and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two serious threats to global health.

In our study, prevalence of DM in long‐term cancer survivors who survived 5 years or more after cancer diagnosis was not higher than in cancer‐free controls.

This should not be interpreted as an indication of a lower risk of DM in cancer survivors. Rather, it highlights the potentially poor prognosis in diabetic cancer survivors. Therefore, keeping a continuous satisfactory DM and hyperglycemia management is essential during long‐term cancer survivorship.
Prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width and D‐Dimer in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rahchamani Maryam , Sedghi Mohammad , Hakimi Ali , Nejatianfar Mahdi , Javaheri Tohid , Tavakoli Reza , Ahmadi Ramtin , Makarem Mansoureh , Azmi‐Naei Nazanin , Zahmatkesh Sangani Saeid , Kamandi Neda , Soleimanian AmirMohammad , Shavaleh Rasoul , Foogerdi Molood , Rahmani Kazem
Published: November 2023

Background

The significant role of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and D‐Dimer as prognostic factors in patients with some blood malignancies has been reported recently.

Aim

We designed and performed a meta‐analysis to investigate the prognostic roles of RDW and D‐Dimer in subjects with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Materials and Methods

We systematically reviewed PubMed‐Medline, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar up to the present to look for publications on prognostic effects of RDW and D‐Dimer in DLBCL patients. For investigation of the associations between RDW and D‐Dimer with the overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) of the DLBCL cases, hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was used.

Results

We included 13 eligible studies in the present meta‐analysis. The results of pooled analysis showed that increased levels of RDW was related to poor OS (HR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.62–2.48, p value <.01, I2 = 0%) and poor PFS (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.24–1.85, p value <.01, I2 = 16%) among the DLBCL patients. Similarly, a significant relationship was found between increased D‐Dimer and poor OS (HR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.03–5.14, p value <.05, I2 = 95%) of the DLBCL patients as well. In addition, there was no significant heterogeneity in OS (p value H = 0.65) and PFS (p value H = 0.31) related to RDW among studies included in the meta‐analysis.

Conclusion

Our finding clearly confirmed that elevated RDW levels and D‐Dimer were associated with adverse OS and PFS in DLBCL.