bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRIBOLOGICAL TESTS OF RESIN-BASED COMPOSITE MATERIALS: A DESIGN STUDY
Authors:   Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Aleksandrova Valeriya , Manchorova Neshka ,   Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Aleksandrov Svetlin ,   Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Published: April 2021

Objective: The objective of our research is to study the tribological behaviour of two types of commercially available resin-based composite materials. Material and method: An original experimental model for tribological studies of dental materials in standard test conditions was applied. Two types of resin-based composite materials indicated for the treatment of dental caries in the distal area were used: a micro-hybrid resin-based composite material (Gradia Direct posterior); packable resin-based composite material (Filtek P60). Metal alloy (Duceralloy C) was used for positive control. Total 18 test samples (n=9 for each material) were subject to: micro scratch resistance test in 1N, 5N, 9N mode; friction resistance "Ball-on-Flat" test at 120,000/240,000 cycles loaded on 50N. Results: When the maximum load was applied, Gradia Direct posterior had higher values of scratch depths (40, 23 µm) than Filtek P60 (25,13 µm). The micro-hybrid composite exhibited less wear resistance that decreased with increasing time and friction cycles (13 µm after 30 min/120,000 cycles; 18 µm ether 60 min/240,000 cycles). The examined surfaces of the test specimens were visualized by optical microscopy after micro scratch and friction test and by 3D profilometry of all tested samples after 240,000 wear cycles. Conclusion: Results in this field might clarify the mechanisms of wear and provide additional information on the expected changes in the studied materials in clinical practice.
Nasal allophony and nasalization in Xochistlahuaca Amuzgo
Authors: Dobui Bien
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes an account of nasalization phenomena in Xochistlahuaca Amuzgo (XA), a variety of Guerrero Amuzgo, using insight from the phonology-morphology interface within the context of constraints due to monosyllabic lexical roots. Previous assumptions are clarified to show that while nasal consonants and vowels exist phonemically, complex nasal-stop segments do not; and nasalization remains limited to root morphology and a set of inflectional markers and does not occur across syllable boundaries, in contrast with Mixtecan languages. These insights are illustrated by the third-person singular human enclitic (3SGHUM), a nasal autosegment. Alternations triggered by 3SGHUM show that complex nasal-stop segments are shown to be allophones of simple nasals that are post-oralized before an oral vowel to protect and enhance nasal-oral contrast in vowels, an example of the phenomenon known as shielding. A reduplicative allophone of 3SGHUM further displays nasalization that appears exceptional when compared with other nasalization phenomena in plural and pronominal inflection, as well as derivation. These challenges are met from a strict CVCV approach, enabled by the assumption that the Proto-Amuzgo-Mixtecan *CVCV lexical root survives today in XA as CCVV(ʔ), the maximal lexical root. The monosyllabic economy that sets XA apart from its sister languages influences strategies that block against morphophonological change triggered by inflection, or that enhance contrast against loss of identity. Enhancing strategies like shielding then bring XA into a typological relationship with unrelated languages (Jê, Tupí-Guarani, among others).
RCT comparing the clinical effectiveness of conventional instructor-facilitated cardiac compression training to technology enhanced training using high-fidelity mannequins-A pilot study
Authors: Pighills Alison , Waye Rachel , Taylor Stephanie , Braithwaite Vicki , Lindsay Daniel , Alshurafa Mohamad
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Healthcare professionals often provide substandard chest compression following cardiac arrest. This is deemed a preventable harm because this skill can be acquired. The recent development of technology-enhanced cardiac compression training devices provides an alternative to traditional instructor-facilitated training. This pilot study compared the effectiveness of conventional and technology-enhanced training modalities.Methods: A pilot randomised controlled trial design was used in a regional hospital in Queensland. Following baseline assessment, healthcare staff were randomised to one of three groups: traditional instructor-facilitated training; high-fidelity mannequin training and continuous access to the training system to practise skills; and, high-fidelity mannequin training with no further access to the training system to practise skills. The primary outcome, cardiac compression skill levels, was analysed using analysis of co-variance, adjusting for predictive co-variates. Secondary measures were analysed using inferential statistics or presented descriptively.Results: Between January and February 2017, 502 healthcare staff were recruited. At baseline, 21\% were competent in cardiac compression, increasing to 38% on reassessment. The mode of training did not affect skill level (F(92,392) = 0.061, p = .94), however, participants in the high-fidelity mannequin training group who practised their skills had statistically significantly higher reassessment scores (z = -2.34, p = .019). Baseline score and the number of times participants practised their skills were significant predictors of reassessment scores (F(2,392) = 7.73, p = .001).Conclusions: Most hospital staff who may need to perform cardiac compression were not competent in this skill. Neither training modality was more effective. Both training and practise increased cardiac compression skill levels, indicating that frequent, low-dose training is required.
Principles of Amputation Surgery, Prosthetics, and Rehabilitation in Children
Authors: Louer Craig Ray , Scott-Wyard Phoebe , Hernandez Rebecca , Vergun Anna Dimitriovna
Published: April 2021

Pediatric patients may benefit from extremity amputations with potential prosthetic fitting when addressing limb deficiencies, trauma, infection, limb ischemia, or other pathologies. The performance of a quality amputation is a fundamental skill to an orthopaedic surgeon, yet avoidance of pitfalls can be elusive in children. The need for surgical precision and sound decision-making is amplified in pediatric amputations, where the skeleton is dynamic and growing, anatomy can be miniscule and (in the case of congenital anomalies) variable. The principles that guide amputation level and technical approach are unique in children. Despite this, descriptions of these procedures as they should be applied to a growing or congenitally deficient skeleton are lacking. Furthermore, surgeons must also understand the unique prosthetic and psychosocial considerations for children. A collaborative approach between the surgeons, rehabilitation physicians, prosthetists, therapists, and families is essential to ensuring optimal results.
Mature cystic ovarian teratomas: Relationship between histopathological contents and clinical features
Authors: ATIGAN Ayhan , ARMAN KARAKAYA Yeliz , CABUS Umit
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Mature cystic teratomas (MCT) originate from three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. The predictive
significance of tumor markers in mature cystic teratomas is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of
tumor markers in ovarian MCTs and histopathological contents of tumor.
Materials and Methods: The data of 106 patients who were operated for ovarian MCT between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed
retrospectively. In addition, slides in the pathology archive were re-examined under a microscope to evaluate their histopathological
contents.
Results: The average age of the patients was 35.7; 26.7 in the cystectomy group and 42.1 in the oophorectomy group (p = 0.000). The
ratio of tumor markers exceeding the cut off value for carbohydrate antigen (CA 19-9), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cancer antigen
(CA 125), carcinoma antigen (CA 15-3), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were 45.2%; 47.7%; 8.15%; 12.3%; 6.9%, respectively.
Histopathological examination of MCTs revealed 99.1% ectoderm, 45.3% mesodermal, 39.6% endodermal origin.
Conclusion: Mature cystic teratoma is a benign tumor of the reproductive age that contains three germ layers in various proportions.
LDH and CA 19-9 can be a helpful tool in predicting mature cystic teratomas.
Disciplinary Culture and Effective Teaching: A Cultural Anthropological Study
Authors: Movahhed Saeid Safaei
Published: April 2021

During the last couple of decades, many researchers have been trying to explicate "effective teaching" in higher education. As a result, when one searches the term, a vast amount of papers and research reports pop up in the literature, involving lists of attributes and competencies of effective teachers. But the impressive point is that "effectiveness" has been viewed mostly from a technical vantage point and disciplinary differences have not received proportionate attention. At the same time, some sociologists of science began to view disciplines as tribes and territories who own their exclusive norms, rituals, and values. Hence, this research aims at investigating effective teaching in higher education within the framework of disciplinary culture. Methodologically, the research may be deemed as interpretive ethnography as it aims at representing emically how members of disciplinary cultures perceive and interpret effective teaching. Hence, based on Tony Becher classification of disciplines into civil and rural, two postgraduate classes were selected, namely from Pure Mathematics (involving 15 students to represent civil disciplines) and Education Studies (involving 18 students to represent rural disciplines). To collect data, the researcher deployed non-participant observation for a full semester and informal interviews were also conducted at regular intervals. The field notes and interview protocols were analyzed thematically to produce meaningful categories for results representation. As credibility was of great concern in the research, three strategies were used for this purpose namely member check, peer debriefing and prolonged engagement. Based on the interpretations, members of rural disciplines evaluate teaching as effective when it focuses on classic texts, cares about human and social issues, approaches laymen jargons, emphasizes understanding, appreciates variety of teaching strategies and learning styles, holds a critical stance towards cultural issues, and takes on a lenient approach in marking. On the other side, members of civil disciplines evaluate teaching as effective when it focuses on updated resources, is content-oriented, approaches professional terminology, emphasizes practicality, and takes on a tough stance on marking.
On the Log-Logistic Distribution and Its Generalizations: A Survey
Authors: Muse Abdisalam Hassan , Mwalili Samuel M. , Ngesa Oscar
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we present a review on the log-logistic distribution and some of its recent generalizations. We cite more than twenty distributions obtained by different generating families of univariate continuous distributions or compounding methods on the log-logistic distribution. We reviewed some log-logistic mathematical properties, including the eight different functions used to define lifetime distributions. These results were used to obtain the properties of some log-logistic generalizations from linear representations. A real-life data application is presented to compare some of the surveyed distributions.
Numerical Simulation for a Fractal MIM Model for Solute Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Liu Wenyi , Li Gongsheng , Jia Xianzheng
Published: April 2021

A fractal mobile-immobile (MIM in short) model for solute transport in heterogeneous porous media is investigated from numerics. An implicit finite difference scheme is set forth for solving the coupled system, and stability and convergence of the scheme are proved based on the estimate of the spectral radius of the coefficient matrix. Numerical simulations with different parameters are presented to reveal the solute transport behaviors in the fractal case.
Price Formation in Auctions for Financial Transmission Rights
Authors: Opgrand Jeff , Preckel Paul V. , Gotham Douglas J. , Liu Andrew L.
Published: April 2021

Financial Transmission Rights (FTRs) are financial derivatives in wholesale electricity markets that are sold in auctions. The revenue collected from FTR auctions is passed through to electricity customers to reimburse them for transmission congestion payments they make in the spot energy market. On average, electricity customers’ congestion payments greatly exceed auction reimbursements in electricity markets across the United States. We study the issue of auction revenue deficiency through the lens of Auction Revenue Rights (ARRs), which is the predominant mechanism used in U.S. electricity markets to distribute auction revenue to electricity customers. We demonstrate how the ARR process influences fundamental supply conditions in the FTR auction market and show how divergent auction equilibria emerge under different ARR decision-making regimes. Using market data from PJM, we find empirical evidence that variation in ARR management strategies helps explain differences between an FTR’s auction price and its realized ex post value.
Reseña de Castillo (dir.) (2020). Cien años del Ministerio de Trabajo en España
Authors: Pérez Amorós Francisco
Published: April 2021

Reseña de Castillo (dir.) (2020). Cien años del Ministerio de Trabajo en España
Digitalización del trabajo: proto sindicalismo y cuasi-unionismo post-pandémico
Authors: Martín Artiles Antonio
Published: April 2021

El artículo tiene tres objetivos: Primero, el estudio del perfil de los trabajadores de plataformas digitales, que se caracterizan por ser relativamente jóvenes y cualificados. Segundo, el estudio de las nuevas formas de organización empresarial y la deconstrucción de la relación de empleo. Tercero, la emergencia de nuevas formas de representación y organización de los trabajadores. Las nuevas formas de organización son diversas, tales como asociaciones profesionales, cooperativas, mutuas y sindicatos. Las estrategias de organización nacen desde “abajo”, desde los propios trabajadores. Pero también hay iniciativas “desde arriba”, impulsada por los sindicatos. Hemos distinguido tres formas de organización: proto-sindicalismo, cuasi-unionismo y sindicalismo. La digitalización amenaza a los sindicatos, pero también ofrece una oportunidad para la revitalización en sus formas de comunicación.
Nuevas formas de empleo y transformaciones del trabajo
Authors: Riesco-Sanz Alberto
Published: April 2021

La movilización de la fuerza de trabajo, su vinculación a una cierta secuencia de actividades en los procesos de creación de riqueza, asume hoy combinaciones cada vez más complejas. La relación de empleo tradicional —conformada en Europa en torno al principio de subordinación jurídica del trabajador y de la participación regular de éste en el seno de una empresa de fronteras bien definidas— se enfrenta hoy a un proceso de transformación que tensiona las fronteras tradicionales del trabajo asalariado, así como sus mecanismos e instituciones fundamentales. Nos enfrentamos así a un escenario en el que la movilización y subordinación de los productores se lleva a cabo, a menudo, al margen de los mecanismos e instituciones de la relación de empleo tradicional (estatuto de empleo asalariado, contrato de trabajo, forma-empresa, negociación colectiva, etc.), abriendo con ello no pocos desafíos en materia de protección de los derechos de los trabajadores.
Trabajo a distancia y derechos colectivos en el real decreto-ley 28/2020 de trabajo a distancia
Authors: Pastor Martínez Alberto
Published: April 2021

En el art. 19 del RDL 28/2020 se efectúa por primera vez una regulación específica de los derechos colectivos en el ámbito del trabajo a distancia. La norma legal establece un principio general de igualdad en la titularidad y ejercicio de dichos derechos, y habilita a la negociación colectiva para que pueda establecer las condiciones que garanticen ese mandato de igualdad. Adicionalmente, impone obligaciones específicas a las empresas con trabajadores a distancia que tratan de garantizar el desarrollo de la actividad representativa de los órganos de representación unitaria y sindical. Así, además de una obligación genérica de suministrar los elementos precisos para el desarrollo de su actividad representativa, la norma establece obligaciones específicas que tratan de garantizar una efectiva accesibilidad y comunicación entre los representantes legales y las personas trabajadoras a distancia y entre estas entre sí.
Risk Factors for Acute Exacerbation Following Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Suspected Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abe Mitsuhiro , Tsushima Kenji , Ishii Daisuke , Shikano Kohei , Yoshioka Keiichiro , Sakayori Masashi , Suzuki Masaki , Hirasawa Yasutaka , Ishiwata Tsukasa , Kawasaki Takeshi , Ikari Jun , Terada Jiro , Tatsumi Koichiro
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is useful for diagnosing diffuse lung disease and excluding other conditions. However, acute exacerbations (AEs) are recognized as important complications of BAL in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aimed to identify risk factors for BAL-induced AEs in patients with IPF. Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 155 patients with suspected IPF who had undergone BAL between January 2013 and December 2018. BAL-related AE was defined as the development of AE within 30 days after the procedure. We compared clinical features and parameters between patients with AE (AE group) and without AE (non-AE group). We also reviewed the relevant reported literature. Results: Among the 155 patients, 5 (3.2%) developed AE within 30 days after BAL. The average duration from BAL to AE onset was 7.8 days (2–16 days). Results from the univariate analysis revealed PaO2 < 75 mm Hg (p = 0.036), neutrophil content in BAL ≥ 7% (p = 0.0061), %DLCO < 50% (p = 0.019), Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) stage III (p = 0.034), and BAL recovery rates < 30% (p < 0.001) as significant risk factors for post-BAL AE. All five patients who developed AE recovered and were discharged. Conclusions: Disease severity, high neutrophil levels in BAL, and poor BAL recovery rates may be risk factors for BAL-induced AEs.
Teachers of schools set up in healthcare entities: theoretical and empirical analysis
Authors: Antoszewska Beata
Published: April 2021

This paper discusses educational issues and support offered for children with health problems, both areas being rarely explored. The empirical part consists of an analysis focused on the working environment of teachers employed at schools set up in healthcare entities. The conducted research was quantitative and aimed at examining and describing the reality of teachers who work with ill children on a daily basis. Forty-seven schools set up in healthcare entities were invited to participate in the research project. Seventeen schools responded and, in total, 187 people participated in the study. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Questions referred to the following issues: motivation to undertake work at school, time devoted for preparation to work, methods and techniques applied to work with children during lessons, difficulties faced, and differences between a mainstream school and one set up in a healthcare entity.
Adaptation and validation of Multidimensional Attitudes toward Inclusive Education Scale
Authors: Mudło-Głagolska Karolina
Published: April 2021

Polish researchers of teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education have not yet had a validity and reliable tool that could be successfully used in scientific research. The aim of the article is to present the adaptation and validation of the Multidimensional Attitude towards Inclusive Education Scale. A total of 556 teachers of all levels of education participated in the study, who completed the Polish version of the Multidimensional Attitudes towards Inclusive Education Scale, the Scale of Attitudes towards School Integration of Children with Disabilities, the Norwegian Scale of Teachers' Self-Efficacy and the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support. The factor analysis and the relationships between the variables were performed to confirm the theoretical validity and the scale reliability analysis.
The study confirmed the three-factor structure of the Multidimensional Attitudes toward Inclusive Education Scale. The theoretical validity was also confirmed on the basis of positive relationships between the cognitive, affective and behavioral components of the attitude and the sense of self-efficacy, including motivating students and adjusting the program to students' needs, maintaining discipline and cooperation with parents, teaching students and cooperation with colleagues, perceived organizational support. Additionally, there was a positive relationship between the attitude components and a positive attitude to school integration and a negative relationship with a negative attitude to this integration. The reliability of the scale was confirmed in four trials.
The article presents a validity and reliable tool for researching teachers' attitudes towards inclusive education, which may be a starting point for research on predictors and the consequences of these attitudes.
Coping strategies to strain caused by difficult situations amongst youth
Authors: Jurczyk Marcin
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses the analysis of the results of research carried out amongst youth offenders from correctional facilities for minors and high school students complying with the legal standards. The aim of the research was to present the differences in the coping strategy of adaptation to the strain caused by a difficult situation amongst the researched adolescents, taking into account the division into groups and the sex factor. In total 266 young people were assessed (133 ppl from both groups). The research was quantitative.
Data analysis using Chi-square test revealed a number of significant differences in the selection of a coping strategy to the strain induced a difficult situation. The obtained data gave grounds for a partial acceptance of the research hypothesis. The analysis of the data, included the division into group and sex factor, showed that in the group of girls from correctional facilities for minors, drug and alcohol use and seeking revenge are predominant. In the group of offender boys, alcohol and drugs are predominant, as well as seeking to recover the loss and taking responsibility for one's own actions. In the group of high school students, the dominant strategies among girls and boys are: relaxing by listening to music, sport, walking, cinema, ignoring the situation that caused tension and taking responsibility for one's own actions.
Life plans of young people with special educational needs as an area of work of a school counselor
Authors: Bobik Bogumiła
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, young people face the challenge of constant change resulting from the need to adapt to the transformations of the surrounding life environment. The article discusses the life plans of young people with special educational needs as the area of ​​work of a school counselor. Its purpose is to explain the basic concepts determining the planning of the future, such as: development potential, health, educational environment. The article presents the results of diagnosis of these plans by students with mild intellectual disability completing the eighth grade of primary school and third grade of lower secondary school (school year 2018/2019). The estimation method, positive orientation scale technique, and technique of unfinished sentences were used. Research has shown that adolescents with special educational needs are limited in perceiving the importance of the good aspects of their lives, their own experiences and self-appreciation. It may also hinder the adaptive functioning of the respondents and the setting of life goals by them. It is therefore important to employ specialists, mainly a school counselor who, through systematic help in discovering abilities, and compensating for developmental deficits, can help the students shape their life plans.
Homework under the law
Authors: Długosz Michał
Published: April 2021

Giving too much complex homework has become a significant social problem and the subject of unsuccessful activities of constitutional state authorities. In light of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, international agreements that Poland is bound by, as well as domestic regulations, the practice of giving homework to students seems to be unjustified or even to be in breach with numerous legal norms.
Non-invasive Prostate Cancer Detection by Measuring Expression Level of miR-21 and miR-214 in Urine
Authors: Emamvirdizadeh Alireza , Jamshidian Faranak , Entezari Maliheh , Nooraei Saghi , Hashemi Mehrdad
Published: April 2021

Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done, using aggressive methods such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as the measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21 to 23 nucleotides. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine of patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy subjects with negative biopsy reports were collected. The expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (P = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (P = 0.000) compared with the control group. The specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC) were 100, 72.14, and 0.721% for combined panels of miR-21 and miR-214 and 63.33, 61.43, and 0.620%, respectively, for PSA. Conclusions: miR-21 and miR-214 showed significant change in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy subjects. It is hoped that, with further research, a combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.
Efficacy of Phage-Antibiotic Combinations Against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates
Authors: Qurat-ul-Ain Hafiza , Ijaz Muhammad , Siddique Abu Baker , Muzammil Saima , Shafique Muhammad , Rasool Muhammad Hidayat , Almatroudi Ahmad , Khurshid Mohsin , Chaudhry Tamoor Hamid , Aslam Bilal
Published: April 2021

Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance warrants therapeutic alternatives to eradicate resistant bacteria. Combined phage-antibiotic therapy is a promising approach for eliminating bacterial infections and limiting the evolution of therapy-resistant diseases. Objectives: In the present study, we evaluated the effects of combinations of bacteriophages and antibiotics against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: Two MDR strains (GenBank no. MF953600 & MF953599) of K. pneumoniae were used. Bacteriophages were isolated from hospital sewage samples by employing a double agar overlay assay and identified by transmission electron microscopy. For further characterization of bacteriophages, the killing assay and host range test were performed. To assess therapeutic efficacy, phages (7.5 × 104 PFU/mL) were used in combination with various antibiotics. Results: The phage-cefepime and tetracycline combinations displayed promising therapeutic effects, restricting the growth of K. pneumoniae isolates, as evidenced by recording OD650nm values. Conclusions: The results of the current study showed that phage-antibiotic combination was a potential therapeutic approach to treat the infections caused by MDR K. pneumoniae.
Evaluating the Serum Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Level in Chronic Kidney Disease Caused by Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Van Nguyen Tuan , Duc Ngo Ky , Hoang Thi Minh , Dam Lan Thi Phuong , Huynh Thuan Quang
Published: April 2021

Background: The transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been demonstrated as one of the main factors in the progression of fibrosis and sclerosis glomerular damages. Glomerulonephritis is one common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the promotion of inflammatory renal damage containing fibrosis and sclerosis glomerular. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the TGF-β1 level in CKD patients and compare it with the healthy control group. Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study was carried out on 212 subjects admitted to the Nghe An Friendship General Hospital in Vietnam from March 2018 to February 2020. The case group included 152 patients diagnosed with CKD caused by glomerulonephritis, and the control group included 60 healthy individuals. The TGF-β1 was determined in serum by ELISA method. Results: The serum TGF-β1 concentration of the healthy control group and CKD group was 13.45 ± 7.17 and 32.35 ± 11.74, respectively. The CKD group had a significantly higher TGF-β1 level than the control group (P < 0.05). The CKD group with the eGRP ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 group had a higher TGF-β1 level than the eGRP < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 group, and the TGF-β1 level increased from stage 1 to stage 5 (P < 0.001). The TGF-β1 had a medium correlation to urea, creatinine, and hs-CRP. Conclusions: The concentration of TGF-β1 in the CKD group was higher than the control group so that it increased early from the first stage of the disease.
Evaluation of Thyroid Cancer Risk After Laryngeal and Nasopharyngeal Radiotherapy
Authors: Ghaznavi Hamid
Published: April 2021

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an uncommon head and neck cancer, which is commonly seen in young people aged from 15 to 25 years. Laryngeal cancer, on the other hand, is the second most common cancer among head and neck cancers. The primary treatment for patients with these carcinomas is radiotherapy. Objectives: This study aimed at estimation of thyroid cancer risk, as an organ at risk after laryngeal and nasopharyngeal radiotherapy Methods: with permission from the author, data related to thyroid dose of 20 patients who underwent radiotherapy of laryngeal and nasopharynx cancer in Salmanian et al. paper were used, and using the BEIR VII model, we calculated thyroid cancer risk. Results: lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of thyroid increased up to 2.7% in the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer and up to 1.8% in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. The highest LAR values belonged to the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer. Conclusions: radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers considerably increased the risk of thyroid cancer in patients undergoing radiotherapy; such that the risk increased by more than 2.5% at younger ages. It is recommended to use an advanced treatment technique to reduce thyroid cancer risk and perform follow-ups annually in terms of the status of the thyroid gland and its changes.
Historical Narratives and Understanding
Authors: Petkov Stefan ,   Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2021

This paper defends the view that narratives that bring understanding of the past need not be exhaustively analyzable as explanatory inferences, nor as causal narratives. Instead of treating historical narrative as explanations, I argue that understanding of history can be analyzed by the general epistemic criteria of understanding. I explore one such criterion, which is of chief importance for good historical narratives: potential inferential power. As a corollary, I dispute one of the distinctive features of narratives described by some philosophers: the non-aggregativity of narrative histories. Instead, I propose that historical narratives modestly aggregate and this aggregation depends on the success of the colligatory concepts they offer.
Love and the Shadow of Sacrifice
Authors: Leon-Carlyle Rawb ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

In this article, I foreground the role of relationality in Husserl’s later reflections on ethics and self-constitution, with a particular interest in Husserl’s account of sacrifice. I exposit how Husserl’s account of self-constitution and the conflict of absolute values between competing vocations offers a solution to Brentano’s rendering of the obligation to “choose the best among the ends attainable.” I explore the numerous instances in which Husserl uses the parent-child relation to illustrate the absolute value of our relation to an individual and how this absolute value triumphs over other seemingly rational maxims. Although problematic in several ways, Husserl’s account of motherhood grounds his notion of self-constitution in particular relations with others, rather than in a general category of nation or humanity. I conclude by considering how his emphasis on phenomenological constitution and his approach to value and sacrifice may inform future projects in phenomenological relational ethics.
Quelle(s) phénoménologie(s) pour l’éthique?
Authors: Desmeules Marie-Hélène ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: April 2021

L’apport de la phénoménologie allemande à l’éthique a souvent été réduit aux intentionnalités et aux vécus axiologiques et affectifs, tels qu’ils furent décrits par Husserl. Or, cet apport est limité du fait que Husserl définissait d’abord l’intentionnalité comme un rapport à un objet dont nous sommes conscients. Dans ce qui suit, nous proposons d’emprunter une autre voie pour penser l’apport de la phénoménologie à l’éthique, en étudiant la phénoménologie des actes sociaux que les phénoménologues munichois développèrent en réponse à la phénoménologie husserlienne. Cette phénoménologie des actes sociaux permet de considérer, de juger et de critiquer, d’un point de vue éthique, les façons dont nous entrons en relation intentionnelle non pas avec des objets éthiques, mais avec autrui. Notre propos suivra principalement les idées développées par Reinach, Pfänder, Daubert et Scheler, et prendra pour fil directeur les actes d’adresser un impératif et une invitation à autrui.
Effects of a Cigarette Price Increase on the Smoking Behavior of Smokers and Non-smokers
Authors: Kim Daehwan , Park Hojin
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The government of the Republic of Korea (ie, South Korea) drastically increased cigarette prices by 80% in 2015. The exogenous regulatory change provided us with an opportunity to examine the effects of the cigarette price increase on smoking behavior. Methods:
Utilizing 2011-2016 balanced panel data from the Korea Health Panel (3693 participants each year), we divided the sample into smokers and non-smokers and traced each individual's smoking behavior. Results: Overall smoking prevalence (OR = 0.476, p < .01) and daily cigarette consumption
(IRR = 0.737, p < .01) were reduced after the cigarette price increase. However, although the cigarette price increase was inversely related to smokers' cigarette consumption (OR = 0.799, p < .01), we found no statistically significant impact on smoking cessation among smokers. On the
other hand, the cigarette price increase was associated with decreased smoking onset among non-smokers (OR = 0.172, p < .01) and reduced cigarette consumption after they started smoking (IRR = 0.279, p < .01). Conclusions: The reduction in smoking prevalence after the increase
of the cigarette price resulted from the fact that non-smokers did not start smoking rather than from a decrease in the number of existing smokers.
La formación del profesorado de Educación Primaria en diversidad sexo-genérica
Authors: Sánchez Torrejón Begoña
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación surge del objetivo de detectar la formación del profesorado en activo de la etapa de Educación Primaria sobre la  diversidad sexo-genérica y su intervención con respecto a la inclusión del alumnado no heteronormativo en los centros escolares. Es un elemento clave en la inclusión del alumnado no heteronormativo la formación del profesorado en diversidades sexo-genéricas para la construcción de una escuela libres de LGTBfobias. Hemos utilizado la metodología cualitativa, concretamente el instrumento planteado para recabar la información ha sido la entrevista. La muestra del universo poblacional está compuesta por 40 profesores y profesoras en activo de Educación Primaria de la provincia de Cádiz de colegios públicos. Entre los resultados más destacados se refleja la confusión sobre la temática unido a la escasa formación, por lo cual  el profesorado no tiene herramientas para incluir la diversidad sexo-genérica en los centros escolares. Se detecta que todavía es un tema tabú en la escuela y que crea situaciones de rechazo al plantearse. Destacamos el interés por parte del profesorado en recibir formación sobre la temática para poder trabajar de manera inclusiva la diversidad sexo-genérica.

This research work arises from the goal of detecting the training of active teachers in Primary Education on gender diversity and its intervention with respect to the inclusion of non-heteronormative students in schools. A key element in the inclusion of non-heteronormative students is the training of teachers in gender diversity for the construction of a school free of LGTBphobia. We have used the qualitative methodology, specifically the instrument proposed to collect the information has been the interview. The sample of the population universe is made up of 40 active Primary Education teachers from the province of Cadiz from public schools. Among the most notable results is reflected the confusion on the subject along with poor training, so teachers have no tools to include gender diversity in schools. We found that it is still a taboo subject at school and that it creates situations of rejection when it arises. We highlight the interest expressed by the teachers in receiving training on the subject in order to be able to work with gender diversity in an inclusive manner.
Inteligencia emocional, competencias y desempeño del docente universitario: Aplicando la técnica mínimos cuadrados parciales SEM-PLS
Authors: Ramirez Asis Edwin Hernan , Espinoza Maguiña Marcos Rosamel , Esquivel infantes Santos Miguel , Naranjo Toro Miguel Edmundo
Published: April 2021

La relevancia de las emociones en la enseñanza es ahora un aspecto ampliamente estudiado, aunque se está deliberando sobre la forma en que los docentes pueden identificar, regular y controlar sus emociones, el estudio propone cómo se puede incorporar la inteligencia emocional en la enseñanza mediante las competencias para lograr un mejor desempeño docente. Se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta recopilando datos de 244 docentes universitarios a través de un cuestionario mediante el muestreo aleatorio simple. Los datos se han analizado mediante el modelado de ruta utilizando el enfoque de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS) del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales SEM con el software SmartPLS 3.3.0, los hallazgos revelaron que el modelo tiene un impacto significativo en el desempeño docente, los coeficientes de determinación fueron; habilidades del docente (r2=0.703) actitud del docente (r2=0.661), conocimientos del docente (r2=0.648) y para el desempeño del docente (r2=0.733). con un error cuadrático medio de aproximación (SRMR) de 0.056 que hace relevante el modelo confirmatorio. Por lo tanto, se demostró estadísticamente que la inteligencia emocional tiene un fuerte impacto en las competencias de los docentes, lo que a su vez contribuye en el desempeño del docente universitario.

The relevance of emotions in teaching is now a widely studied aspect, although the way in which teachers can carry out, regulate and control their emotions is being discussed, the study proposes how emotional intelligence can be incorporated into teaching through the competences to achieve better teaching performance. The survey technique was used, collecting data from 244 university teachers through a questionnaire using simple random sampling. The data has been analyzed using partial least squares path modeling (PLS), approach of the SEM structural equation model with the SmartPLS 3.3.0 software, the findings revealed that the model has a significant impact on teaching performance, the determination coefficients were; teacher skills (r2 = 0.703) teacher attitude (r2 = 0.661), teacher knowledge (r2 = 0.648) and for teacher performance (r2 = 0.733). with a root mean square error of approximation (SRMR) of 0.056 that makes the confirmatory model relevant. Therefore, it was statistically demonstrated that emotional intelligence has a strong impact on teachers' competences, which in turn contributes to the professor performance.
Factores Asociados a las Estrategias de Aprendizaje en Estudiantes Universitarios con y sin trabajo remunerado
Authors: Garrote Rojas Daniel , Jiménez-Fernández Sara , Ritacco Real Paola
Published: April 2021

El trabajo de investigación que a continuación se describe pretende dar a conocer las diferentes estrategias de aprendizaje utilizadas por los estudiantes universitarios para afrontar las asignaturas, así como, las diferencias que pudieran darse entre los estudiantes que a la vez que cursan las asignaturas están trabajando y los que no trabajan. La muestra tiene una edad promedio de 22 años, con una mayoría de sujetos femeninos 92% frente a los masculinos y pertenecen a los cursos académicos 2017/18 y 2018/19 en la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, utilizando el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Motivación (CEAM II). Los resultados muestran diferencias en cinco subescalas: elaboración, aprovechamiento del tiempo-concentración, ayuda, constancia y autointerrogación. Los estudiantes que compatibilizan su formación universitaria con un trabajo retribuido y los estudiantes sin trabajo retribuido. Obteniéndose mayores puntuaciones medias para los sujetos que trabajan en seis de las siete subescalas frente a los que no trabajan, que obtuvieron mayor puntuación media en la subescala ayuda.

The research work that is described below aims to present the different learning strategies used by university students to face the subjects, as well as the differences that could occur between the students who, while they are studying the subjects, are working and those who don’t work. The sample has an average age of 22 years, with a majority of female subjects 92% compared to males and belong to the academic years 2017/18 and 2018/19 at the University of Castilla-La Mancha, using the Questionnaire on Strategies of Learning and Motivation (CEAM II). The results show differences in five subscales: elaboration, use of time-concentration, help, perseverance and self-examination. Students who combine their university education with paid work and students without paid work. Obtaining higher mean scores for the subjects who work in six of the seven subscales compared to those who don’t work, who obtained a higher average score in the help subscale.
Competencia emocional en maestros de educación infantil y primaria: fuentes de variabilidad y sugerencias de mejora.
Authors: García Domingo Begoña
Published: April 2021

Dotar a los profesionales de la educación de niveles de Inteligencia Emocional elevados debe ser objetivo prioritario para las administraciones, ya que ello les permite afrontar con mayor eficacia la complejidad del actual contexto educativo. Sin embargo, no existen muchas publicaciones con muestras de maestros españoles en ejercicio, por lo que este trabajo pretende incrementar el conocimiento relativo a su perfil en Inteligencia Emocional Percibida (TMMS-24, Salovey y Mayer, 1995) y analizar la influencia que ejercen sobre él algunas variables. Nuestro objetivo principal es identificar la combinación de factores presente en el grupo de docentes emocionalmente menos competentes, ayudando con ello a optimizar los esfuerzos formativos a este respecto. Tras las comparaciones efectuadas en una muestra de 296 maestros de Educación Infantil y Primaria, los resultados sugieren que el perfil peor dotado emocionalmente parece ser el percibido por los docentes de infantil, de género femenino, que trabajan en centros públicos, que ejercen como tutores y que tienen más edad y años de experiencia. La discusión ofrece la interpretación y exposición detallada de estos resultados en orden a “ajustar” futuras sugerencias de mejora del perfil emocional de nuestros maestros.

Providing education professionals with high levels of Emotional Intelligence should be a priority goal for public administrations since it allows them to deal more effectively with the complex educational contexts in 21st century. Despite this, there aren´t many reports from practising Spanish teachers, so this work aims to increase knowledge about their profile in Perceived Emotional Intelligence (TMMS-24, Salovey and Mayer, 1995), analysing the influence of some factors on it. Our main objective is to identify the combination of factors present in the group of lowest emotional competence to optimise training efforts in this respect. The comparisons carried out on a sample of 296 Early Childhood and Primary Education teachers, point out that the less capable profile appears to be that perceived by the older and more experienced female Early Childhood Education teachers, working in public schools and who act as tutors. A more detailed presentation of these results is offered and interpreted in the discussion to "adjust" future suggestions to improve the emotional profile of our teachers.
Community resilience-focused technical investigation of the 2016 Lumberton, North Carolina flood :
Authors: Sutley Elaina J , Dillard Maria K , van de Lindt John W
Published: April 2021

In early October 2016 Hurricane Matthew crossed North Carolina as a category 1 storm with some areas receiving 15-18 inches of rainfall on already saturated soil. The NIST-funded Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning (Center) teamed with researchers from NIST's Community Resilience, Disaster Failure Studies, and Applied Economics programs to conduct a quick response field study focused on the small city of Lumberton, NC and the flooding experienced from the Lumber River. Approximately one year later, the Center and NIST team returned to Lumberton to document and better understand Lumberton's recovery progress with an emphasis on housing, businesses, schools, community and state-level decisions, and the intersection of these sectors in community recovery. This type of investigation is critical for the study of community resilience as it will ultimately provide longitudinal recovery data and analyses to support guidance and recommendations on what is needed to enable communities the ability to recover more quickly and equitably, and more generally, what attributes make most communities more resilient to natural hazards. This second in a series of community resilience-focused field studies is presented herein as Wave 2 of the on-going Lumberton, North Carolina Flood of 2016 report series. Wave 2 had two major objectives: First, to document community interdependencies ; and secondly, to document the progress of Lumberton's recovery. Both of these objectives support data needs for understanding resilience and recovery. Wave 2 dealt primarily with the recovery process of the most heavily affected households and businesses through systematic surveys. Analysis revealed that even after 14 months, Lumberton is only in the early stages of recovery.