bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and advances in clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Zhou Tian , Yuan Zenan , Weng Jianyu , Pei Duanqing , Du Xin , He Chang , Lai Peilong
Published: February 2021

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have been intensely investigated for clinical applications within the last decades. However, the majority of registered clinical trials applying MSC therapy for diverse human diseases have fallen short of expectations, despite the encouraging pre-clinical outcomes in varied animal disease models. This can be attributable to inconsistent criteria for MSCs identity across studies and their inherited heterogeneity. Nowadays, with the emergence of advanced biological techniques and substantial improvements in bio-engineered materials, strategies have been developed to overcome clinical challenges in MSC application. Here in this review, we will discuss the major challenges of MSC therapies in clinical application, the factors impacting the diversity of MSCs, the potential approaches that modify MSC products with the highest therapeutic potential, and finally the usage of MSCs for COVID-19 pandemic disease.
Physalis alkekengi L. var. francheti alleviates neuronal cell death caused by activated microglia in vitro
Authors: Park Byoung Hee , Kwon Oh Wook , Kim In Sung , Lee Hae Min , Roh Yeon Jin , Kim Minseo , Jo Youngho , Cho Hwayeon , Park Jung Kuk , Zhi Zheng , Lee Byung Cheon
Published: February 2021

Microglia are the macrophages that reside in the brain. Activated microglia induces further activation of astrocytes and neuronal cells for mounting an immune response. However, activated microglia release neurotoxic mediators causing neuroinflammation, which is associated with chronic etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the effect of ethanol extract of Physalis alkekengi L. var. francheti fruit (PAFE) on neuronal cell death mediated by activated microglia. PAFE decreased NO production and IL-6 secretion in LPS-stimulated BV-2 and primary microglial cells without reducing cell viability. Consistently, treatment with PAFE decreased iNOS and COX-2 expression and ERK phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Finally, apoptosis of N2a cells grown in conditioned media prepared from LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells containing PAFE was inhibited via downregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Taken together, PAFE alleviates neuronal cell death by reducing neurotoxic mediators such as NO and IL-6 from activated microglia. Therefore, it could be a potential candidate to treat neurodegenerative diseases caused by chronic neuroinflammation.
Guideline on current good radiopharmacy practice (cGRPP) for the small-scale preparation of radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Gillings Nic , Hjelstuen Olaug , Ballinger Jim , Behe Martin , Decristoforo Clemens , Elsinga Philip , Ferrari Valentina , Peitl Petra Kolenc , Koziorowski Jacek , Laverman Peter , Mindt Thomas L. , Neels Oliver , Ocak Meltem , Patt Marianne , Todde Sergio
Published: February 2021

This guideline on current good radiopharmacy practice (cGRPP) for small-scale preparation of radiopharmaceuticals represents the view of the Radiopharmacy Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). The guideline is laid out in the format of the EU Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines as defined in EudraLex volume 4. It is intended for non-commercial sites such as hospital radiopharmacies, nuclear medicine departments, research PET centres and in general any healthcare establishments. In the first section, general aspects which are applicable to all levels of operations are discussed. The second section discusses the preparation of small-scale radiopharmaceuticals (SSRP) using licensed generators and kits. Finally, the third section goes into the more complex preparation of SSRP from non-licensed starting materials, often requiring a purification step and sterile filtration. The intention is that the guideline will assist radiopharmacies in the preparation of diagnostic and therapeutic SSRP’s safe for human administration.
Potential contributors to low dose methotrexate toxicity in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and pernicious anemia: case report
Authors: Jara-Palacios Miguel A. , Chun William , Traub Nomi L.
Published: February 2021

Background

Low dose methotrexate toxicity rarely occurs, but may present with severe complications, such as pancytopenia, hepatotoxicity, mucositis, and pneumonitis. Known risk factors for methotrexate toxicity include dosing errors, metabolic syndrome, hypoalbuminemia, renal dysfunction, lack of folate supplementation, and the concomitant use of drugs that interfere with methotrexate metabolism. Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anemia and may cause pancytopenia, but its role in methotrexate toxicity has not been described.

Case presentation

We present a case of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who was admitted with febrile neutropenia, pancytopenia, and severe mucositis, likely secondary to low dose methotrexate toxicity. She had multiple factors that potentially contributed to the development of toxicity, including concurrent sulfasalazine use for rheumatoid arthritis. An evaluation of the patient’s macrocytic anemia revealed pernicious anemia. The patient’s illness resolved with cessation of methotrexate and sulfasalazine, leucovorin treatment and vitamin B12 repletion.

Conclusions

This case illustrates the multiple factors that may potentially contribute to low dose methotrexate toxicity and highlights the importance of testing for vitamin B12 deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis patients with macrocytic anemia. Addressing all the modifiable factors that potentially contribute to low dose methotrexate toxicity may improve outcomes.
Endophytic bacteria isolated from higher plant in Aceh, Indonesia, and their chemical compounds activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Authors: Maulidia Vina , Sriwati Rina , Soesanto Loekas , Syamsuddin  , Hamaguchi Takahiro , Hasegawa Koichi
Published: February 2021

Background

Endophytic bacteria are an association between bacteria and plant tissue that could play a role as a biocontrol agent.

Main body

Endophytic bacteria were isolated from several high root plants in Aceh, Indonesia. This study aimed to detect the chemical compounds of the potential endophytic bacteria as a biocontrol agent against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). There were 198 endophytic bacterial isolates detected in roots of 9 higher plant. The hypersensitive reaction showed that 193 isolated endophytic bacteria were non-pathogenic. There were 13 isolated endophytic bacteria that worked to inhibit FOL between 50.0 and 89.2%; such endophytic bacteria were isolated from Solanum lycopersicum L., Psidium guajava L., Dendrocalamus asper (Schult with f.) Backer ex Heyne, Pinus merkusii L., Theobroma cacao L., and Albizia chinensis L. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that the endophytic bacteria were derived from species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. mosselii, Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus cereus, B. thuringiensis, and Serratia marcescens. P. aeruginosa that showed the highest inhibition was analyzed using GC-MS analysis. The analysis identified that antibiotics as Pyrrolo [1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)- was produced by P. aeruginosa succeeded in suppressing FOL.

Conclusion

The study recommends the species P. aeruginosa, as effective endophytic bacteria for the control of FOL pathogen.
Perspectives on urban transformation research: transformations in, of, and by cities
Authors: Hölscher Katharina , Frantzeskaki Niki
Published: February 2021

The narrative of ‘urban transformations’ epitomises the hope that cities provide rich opportunities for contributing to local and global sustainability and resilience. Urban transformation research is developing a rich yet consistent research agenda, offering opportunities for integrating multiple perspectives and disciplines concerned with radical change towards desirable urban systems. We outline three perspectives on urban transformationsin,ofandbycities as a structuring approach for integrating knowledge about urban transformations. We illustrate how each perspective helps detangle different questions about urban transformations while also raising awareness about their limitations. Each perspective brings distinct insights about urban transformations to ultimately support research and practice on transformationsforsustainability and resilience. Future research should endeavour to bridge across the three perspectives to address their respective limitations.
Ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods for the determination of the minor component presented in fixed-dose pharmaceutical combinations through the last two decades (2000–2020)
Authors: Obaydo Reem H. , Al Zakri Duaa J. , Sakur Amir Alhaj , Lotfy Hayam M.
Published: February 2021

Background

The pharmaceutical industry and the National Regulatory Authorities are now focusing on the quantification of multi-component drugs for quality control testing.

Main body

Recently, the utilization of the ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods has become vital for the analytical studies for the routine analysis of different fixed-dose combination products either in the presence of a minor component in their combination or not. This article reviewed several published methods to those that have been applied to quantify some pharmaceutical combinations containing minor components through the last two decades.

Conclusion

The applied spectrophotometric methods are labor, time-saving, and also considered a cheap substitute for the overpriced high-performance liquid chromatographic technique.
Transformed notochordal cells trigger chronic wounds in zebrafish, destabilizing the vertebral column and bone homeostasis
Authors: López-Cuevas Paco , Deane Luke , Yang Yushi , Hammond Chrissy L. , Kague Erika
Published: February 2021

Notochordal cells play a pivotal role in vertebral column patterning, contributing to the formation of the inner architecture of intervertebral discs (IVDs). Their disappearance during development has been associated with reduced repair capacity and IVD degeneration. Notochord cells can give rise to chordomas, a highly invasive bone cancer associated with late diagnosis. Understanding the impact of neoplastic cells during development and on the surrounding vertebral column could open avenues for earlier intervention and therapeutics. We investigated the impact of transformed notochord cells in the zebrafish skeleton using a line expressing RAS in the notochord under the control of the kita promoter, with the advantage of adulthood endurance. Transformed cells caused damage in the notochord and destabilised the sheath layer, triggering a wound repair mechanism, with enrolment of sheath cells (col9a2+) and expression of wt1b, similar to induced notochord wounds. Moreover, increased recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, displaying abnormal behaviour in proximity to the notochord sheath and transformed cells, supported parallels between chordomas, wound and inflammation. Cancerous notochordal cells interfere with differentiation of sheath cells to form chordacentra domains, leading to fusions and vertebral clefts during development. Adults displayed IVD irregularities reminiscent of degeneration, including reduced bone mineral density and increased osteoclast activity, along with disorganised osteoblasts and collagen, indicating impaired bone homeostasis. By depleting inflammatory cells, we abrogated chordoma development and rescued the skeletal features of the vertebral column. Therefore, we showed that transformed notochord cells alter the skeleton during life, causing a wound-like phenotype and activating chronic wound response, suggesting parallels between chordoma, wound, IVD degeneration and inflammation, highlighting inflammation as a promising target for future therapeutics.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Engagement of ethics and regulatory authorities on human infection studies: Proceedings of an engagement workshop in Zambia
Authors: Kunda-Ng'andu Evelyn Muleba , Simuyandi Michelo , Kapulu Melissa , Chirwa-Chobe Masuzyo , Mwanyungwi-Chinganya Hope , Mwale Stanley , Chilengi Roma , Sharma Anjali
Published: February 2021

Human infection studies (HIS) have generally been used as a tool in the pathway for vaccine development in high income settings. Over the last decade, this model has been implemented in LMICs with the aim of accelerating development of next generation vaccines that would perform better in these settings. However, in most LMICs, the ethics and regulatory framework for the conduct of these studies are not in place. In Zambia, these studies are yet to be conducted and thus we conducted a stakeholder engagement workshop in October 2019. We engaged with bioethicists, regulatory authority, and scientists from within Zambia and other African countries to anticipate and address foreseeable ethical and regulatory issues when conducting HIS in Zambia for the first time. The workshop largely focused on sensitizing the stakeholders on the benefits of these studies with the following main points for consideration on the implementation of these studies in Zambia: need for in-country legal framework and guidelines; need for adequate informed consent based on comprehensive understanding of the concept of HIS and study requirements; and requirements for heightened vigilance to assure participant safety including good ethical and clinical practice with regulatory, ethical, data safety, and community oversight. Additionally, the workshop emphasized the need for rigorous health screening prior to enrolment; suitable infrastructure for containment; and personnel to provide appropriate treatment including emergency resuscitation and evacuation if indicated. Specific recommendations included compensation for burden of participation; access to care and provision for study related injury (e.g. no-fault insurance); and withdrawal and exit procedures to preserve individual and community safety. Finally, the meeting concluded that researchers should actively engage key gate keepers including civic leaders such as parliamentarians, universities, researchers, potential participants and laypersons to avoid circulation of misinformation.
Financial literacy and sustainable development in the digital age (legal dimension)
Authors: Povetkina Natal'ya , Kudryashova Ekaterina
Published: February 2021

The work is aimed at forming a systematic theoretical and practical approach to the development of financial literacy in the format of sustainable development in the age of the digital revolution.
The authors address the current issues of the evolution of the development and legal identification of financial literacy, consider it in the context of human rights and sustainable development of the state. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of financial literacy on the successful fight against poverty.
For researchers, practicing lawyers and economists, state and municipal employees, teachers, postgraduates, students of law and economics universities and faculties.
“Acá hay que hacerse el muerto para poder vivir”. La producción de la presencia en el espacio social local de una pequeña ciudad correntina
Authors: Ré Valeria
Published: February 2021

El artículo indaga en las significaciones que adquieren las prácticas de invisibilización en las dinámicas locales de la pequeña ciudad de Curuzú Cuatiá, ubicada en la región del litoral ar­gentino, en el centro sur de la provincia de Corrientes. Analiza la elaboración de la presencia, el efecto que esta tiene en la producción de diferencias y la reproducción de desigualdades sociales. El desarrollo de este trabajo muestra algunos rituales de conmemoración del aniversario de su fundación y, particularmente, de los festejos extraordinarios de su Bicentenario. Tiene como eje central establecer relaciones entre la elaboración de la presencia y las instancias de legitimación de visiones culturales dominantes a nivel local.
Casting a shadow
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: February 2021

The pandemic has hit disadvantaged families particularly hard and the rise of domestic abuse in lockdown has been described by the UN as a ‘shadow pandemic’. Sue Cowley analyses the wider implications for children's education and well-being, and what practitioners need to consider.
From a safe base
Authors: Davis Emma
Published: February 2021

The pandemic has focused minds on the importance of the outdoor environment as a necessasry – and inspiring – place for children and the team to be. Here Emma Davis provides a guide to auditing your space and reflecting on its quality, taking into account resources, play areas, interactions, staff training needs and more.
Honest answers
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: February 2021

It could be that your pre-school child is asking questions about what death is, or there has been a death in the family due to the pandemic. Whatever the situation, it's good to be prepared to answer children's questions simply and honestly.
Abstrak Konggres dan Seminar Nasional Penggalang Taksonomi Tumbuhan Indonesia (PTTI) Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, 19-20 Desember 2003
Authors: BIODIVERSITAS SISIPAN
Published: February 2021

Sonneratia spp. was genetically unique genera. They had some members in Java, especially Sonneratia alba and S. caseolaris. This species have ability to cross reproduction, and produce fertile hybrid, although the fertility is lower than the parent, so they hard to differÂ  morphologically. This research had been done in 6 sites (populations) of the southern and northern coast of Java, i.e. Bogowonto estuary, Kulonprogo (1 pop.), Segara Anakan, Cilacap (2 pops), coast of Pasar Bangi, Rembang (1pop), Juwana estuary, Pati (1 pop), and Canal Wulan estuary, Demak (1 pop). The research indicated that S. alba was more dominant, but there were some confused inmorphological character, that may be caused by hybridization. Isozymic analyses on peroxidase and esterase marker to 60 individuals (10 per population) had been no differing in isozymic band significantly. They have similarity index value more than 60%. It indicated, that they tend to same species than separate it.Keywords: isozyme, diversity, Sonneratia, northern andsouthern coast of Java.
Population dynamics of dominant demersal fishes caught in Tambelan Islands waters, Riau Archipelago Province
Authors: Phdmrk@gmail.com YOVITNER , FAHMI FAHMI
Published: February 2021

Yonvitner, Fahmi. 2012. Population dynamics of dominant demersal fishes caught in Tambelan Islands waters, Riau ArchipelagoÂ Province. Biodiversitas 14: 200-204. The population of demersal fishes tends to be decline in the last few decades. The decline was dueÂ to the increased of intensive catches, fishing effort and illegal fishing practices. This study aimed to examine aspects of populationÂ dynamics such as mortality, recruitment, opportunity capture and population estimation. The study was conducted in six locations atÂ Tambelan waters, on 4-16 November 2010. Collected data included the fish species, size and biomass catch. The analyses performedÂ included mortality, recruitment, opportunity capture and population estimates (VPA). The data indicated that the Genus of Nemipterus and Lutjanus possess the highest total mortality rate that was respectively 1.62 and 2.55. The highest recruitment presentation of the population which has an annual period as Pentapodus was 16%. Catch opportunities tend to be higher than actual fishing, while the alleged biomass of steady state conditions reached 12.2 tons/yr.
Profile of cryptobrachytone C accumulation in Cryptocarya pulchrinervia leaves using MALDI-MSI
Authors: Ratnasari Jujun , Esyanti Rizkita Rachmi , Tan Marselina Irasonia , Juliawaty Lia Dewi , Shimma Shuichi
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Ratnasari J, Esyanti RR, Tan MI, Juliawaty LD, Shimma S. 2021. Profile of cryptobrachytone C accumulation in Cryptocarya pulchrinervia leaves using MALDI-MSI. Biodiversitas 22: 1172-1178. Cryptobrachytone C is an active compound isolated from leaves of Cryptocarya pulchrinervia, an indigenous plant from Indonesia. Cryptobrachytone C is cytotoxic against P388 leukemia cancer cell lines. A profile of cryptobrachytone C accumulation in leaves based on physiological age is necessary to study cryptobrachytone C production in the plant since it has anticancer potential. In situ profiling of cryptobrachytone C accumulation in leaves was carried out by imaging techniques using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). The cryptobrachytone C ionization efficiency was carried out by derivatization using Girard-T reagent and coating with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHCA) matrix. Scanned leaves show higher accumulation intensity in the second leaf. Quantitative accumulation profiling was conducted using GC-MS, where the highest amount of cryptobrachytone C was on the second leaf at 87.07 ± 47.21 mg. This showed that the most effective isolation of cryptobrachytone C would be obtained from young leaves of Cryptocarya pulchrinervia. This profile would play a role in cryptobrachytone C production in-situ or ex-situ using tissue culture.
Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Syamsia Syamsia , IDHAN ABUBAKAR , FIRMANSYAH AMANDA PATAPPARI , NOERFITRYANI NOERFITRYANI , RAHIM IRADHATULLAH , KESAULYA HENRY , ARMUS RAKHMAD
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Syamsia S, Idhan A, Firmansyah AP, Noerfitryani N, Rahim I, Kesaulya H, Armus R. 2021. Combination on endophytic fungal as the Plant Growth-Promoting Fungi (PGPF) on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Biodiversitas 22: 1194-1202. Endophytic fungi are known to stimulate plant growth by producing secondary metabolites, including phytohormones (IAA and Gibberellins), siderophore, phosphate-solubilizing metabolites. In this study, a total of six endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from local rice plants and showed different abilities in producing secondary metabolites, during single isolates testing. These six isolates were then combined to obtain 15 combinations for analysis, to determine the best combination for application as a plant growth promoter. Subsequently, each combination was tested for phytohormones (IAA, gibberellins) and siderophore (quantitatively)-producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing ability, and the effect on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) plant growth. F13 showed activity in producing IAA and produced the highest gibberellin levels, while F1 exhibited the highest phosphate-solubilizing activity. In addition, F11 (Na-salicylate) and F1 (catechol) showed the highest siderophore activity, while a combination of F6, F8, F9, and F12 successfully increased plant height growth. Also, F4 increased the root growth, while the fresh weight of cucumber was increased by F8 treatment, under controlled conditions. Molecular analysis showed the tested isolates have close similarity to Daldinia eschscholtzii, Sarocladium oryzae, Rhizoctonia oryzae, Penicillium allahabadense, and Aspergillus foetidus. The combination of endophyte fungal isolates showed potential as plant growth promoters, however, further testing on several plant types is required before the combination is to be widely applied.
Adaptive strip sampling in forest inventory of scattered species of Ulmus glabra in Hyrcanian Forests, northern Iran
Authors: MOHAMMADI MARYAM FAZLOLLAHI , AHMADLO FETEMEH , KESHTIBAN SAHAR MOKARAM
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Fazlollahi Mohammadi M, Ahmadlo F, Keshtiban SM. 2015. Adaptive strip sampling in forest inventory of scattered species of Ulmus glabra in Hyrcanian Forests, northern Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 48-54. Some populations of tree species may be sparse but they are highly geographically clustered. A simple random sample of plots could then yield mainly empty plots. Adaptive Cluster Sampling (ACS) is an efficient design for tallying of these populations. Presented study is designed to estimate the abundance of Wych elm (Ulmus glabra) as a scattered tree species in mountain forests of Iran. This study looks at design-based methods for a forest inventory survey, with the goal of improving estimation when the target species has a patchy spatial distribution. In particular, we examined the efficiency and feasibility of modified adaptive cluster sampling in combination with strip sampling (SACS) as a new sampling design in Hyrcanian forests, Iran for scattered species. To collect data, we recorded a number of 845 trees to represent locations of individuals in a spatially aggregated population by using GPS 60CX model. In overall, results showed that SACS was underestimated in estimating coefficient of variance (CVµ) and (Varµ) while it was overestimated in estimating mean of tree density at all quadrate size except for size 15 m square in compared to conventional strip sampling (CSS). Results evidenced that HH estimator was more efficient than HT ones in estimating mean, (CVµ) and variance (Varµ) in compared to (CSS) approach. Practically results of our study using SACS confirmed that a 15 m square sample size of quadrate with four adjacent units was optimized network size to sampling of such populations. Future studies using SACS may be required, especially, in combine to two-phase sampling strategies when cover of these species is of concern.
Antifungal effect of cumin essential oil alone and in combination with antifungal drugs
Authors: PATIL SAHADEO , MAKNIKAR PANKAJ , WANKHADE SUSHILKUMAR , UKESH CHANDRAKIRAN , RAI MAHENDRA
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Patil S, Maknikar P, Wankhade S, Ukesh C, Rai M. 2015. Antifungal effect of cumin essential oil alone and in combination with antifungal drugs. Nusantara Bioscience 7: 55-59. We report evaluation of antifungal activity of cumin seed oil and its pharmacological interactions when used in combination with some of the widely used conventional antifungal drugs using CLSI broth microdilution, agar disc diffusion and checkerboard microtitre assay against Candida. The essential oil was obtained from cumin seeds using hydrodistillation technique and was later evaluated for the presence of major chemical constituents present in it using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) assay. The GC-MS assay revealed the abundance of γ-terpinene (35.42%) followed by p-cymene (30.72%). The agar disc diffusion assay demonstrated highly potent antifungal effect against Candida species. Moreover, the combination of cumin essential oil (CEO) with conventional antifungal drugs was found to reduce the individual MIC of antifungal drug suggesting the occurrence of synergistic interactions. Therefore, the therapy involving combinations of CEO and conventional antifungal drugs can be used for reducing the toxicity induced by antifungal drugs and at the same time enhancing their antifungal efficacy in controlling the infections caused due to Candida species.
Pelecehan Seksual di Tempat Kerja dengan Self-esteem pada Karyawati Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat
Authors: Atira Mizda
Published: February 2021

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation of sexual harassment against self-esteem among female employees from Minangkabau ethnic at the workplace in West Sumatera. A total of 30 respondents from various type of job as respondents. Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) and self-esteem scale are employed as measurement tools to measure the sexual harassment and self-esteem. Correlations analysis is utilized to analyze the collected data. The main findings revealed that sexual harassments have a negative significant and relationship with and self-esteem. In addition it is also found that the respondents are in low level of sexual harassment and most respondents are in high level of self-esteem. Keywords: Sexual harassment, self-esteem, female employees, Minangkabau, Sumatera BaratAbstrak: Budaya Minangkabau yang menganut system matrilineal tentu menanamkan berbagai nila-nilai tersendiri mengenai perempuan. Namun angka pelecehan seksual di Sumatera Barat tergolong tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara pelecehan seksual di tempat kerja dengan self-esteem pada karyawati Minangkabau di Sumatera Barat. Subjek terdiri dari 30 karyawati yang berasal dari berbagai jenis pekerjaan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala pelecehan seksual Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) dan skala self-esteem. Untuk teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik uji korelasi Product Moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pelecehan seksual terhadap self-esteem subjek. Selain itu data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelecehan seksual yang dialami subjek berada pada kategori rendah sedangkan self-esteem mereka berada pada kaegori tinggi.Kata kunci:Pelecehan seksual, self-esteem, karyawati, Minangkabau, Sumatera Barat
2.05-µm all-fiber laser source designed for CO2and wind coherent lidar measurement
Authors: Lahyani Julien , Le Gouët Julien , Gibert Fabien , Cézard Nicolas
Published: February 2021

This work reports on an all-fiber pulsed laser source for simultaneous remote sensing ofCO2concentration and wind velocity in the 2.05 µm region. The source is based on a polarization-maintaining master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) architecture. Two narrow-linewidth master oscillators for ON-line/OFF-lineCO2differential absorption lidar operation alternately seed a four-stage amplifier chain at a fast switching rate up to 20 kHz. The MOPA architecture delivers laser pulses of 120 µJ energy, 200 ns duration (600 W peak power) at 20 kHz pulse repetition rate (2.4 W average power). The output linewidth is lower than 5 MHz, close to the pulse Fourier transform limit, and the beam quality factor isM2=1.12. The source also provides a pre-amplified 20 mW local oscillator with a relative intensity noise of−160dB/Hzthat ensures optimal performance for future coherent detection.
Complete polarization conversion using anisotropic temporal slabs
Authors: Xu Jingwei , Mai Wending , Werner Douglas H.
Published: February 2021

It is well known that control over the polarization of electromagnetic waves can be achieved by utilizing artificial anisotropic media such as metamaterials. However, most of the related research has been focused on time-invariant systems. Inspired by the concept of temporal boundaries, we propose a method to realize polarization conversion in real time by employing time-variant materials, whose permittivity or permeability switches between isotropic and anisotropic values. The criteria for complete polarization conversion are studied for several polarization angles, both analytically and numerically.
Picosecond thin-disk laser platform PERLA for multi-beam micromachining
Authors: Smrž Martin , Mužík Jiří , Štěpánková Denisa , Turčičová Hana , Novák Ondřej , Chyla Michal , Hauschwitz Petr , Brajer Jan , Kubát Jan , Todorov Filip , Mocek Tomáš
Published: February 2021

Multi-beam micro- and nano-machining of material surfaces has been getting more important because of its great potential to increase production speed of large size laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Fast and cheap production of engineered surfaces structures can bring unique properties of surfaces like tailored wettability, friction, antibacterial properties, etc., to mass-production with consequence in, for example, energy and costs savings. However, tailoring of long-term stable interference patterns from ultrashort laser pulses requires an extremely stable laser system with nearly diffraction-limited output beams. HiLASE Centre developed such a thin-disk-based Yb:YAG sub-picosecond laser platform, PERLA, providing average output power up to 0.5 kW with 2nd and 4th harmonic generation extensions and demonstrated its potential for direct laser interference patterning (DLIP). In this paper, we focus on details of the thin-disk PERLA laser.
Multifidelity computing for coupling full and reduced order models
Authors: Ahmed Shady E. , San Omer , Kara Kursat , Younis Rami , Rasheed Adil
Published: February 2021

Hybrid physics-machine learning models are increasingly being used in simulations of transport processes. Many complex multiphysics systems relevant to scientific and engineering applications include multiple spatiotemporal scales and comprise a multifidelity problem sharing an interface between various formulations or heterogeneous computational entities. To this end, we present a robust hybrid analysis and modeling approach combining a physics-based full order model (FOM) and a data-driven reduced order model (ROM) to form the building blocks of an integrated approach among mixed fidelity descriptions toward predictive digital twin technologies. At the interface, we introduce a long short-term memory network to bridge these high and low-fidelity models in various forms of interfacial error correction or prolongation. The proposed interface learning approaches are tested as a new way to address ROM-FOM coupling problems solving nonlinear advection-diffusion flow situations with a bifidelity setup that captures the essence of a broad class of transport processes.
Association of mortality and aspirin prescription for COVID-19 patients at the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Osborne Thomas F. , Veigulis Zachary P. , Arreola David M. , Mahajan Satish M. , Röösli Eliane , Curtin Catherine M.
Published: February 2021

There is growing evidence that thrombotic and inflammatory pathways contribute to the severity of COVID-19. Common medications such as aspirin, that mitigate these pathways, may decrease COVID-19 mortality. This retrospective assessment was designed to quantify the correlation between pre-diagnosis aspirin and mortality for COVID-19 positive patients in our care. Data from the Veterans Health Administration national electronic health record database was utilized for the evaluation. Veterans from across the country with a first positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction lab result were included in the evaluation which comprised 35,370 patients from March 2, 2020 to September 13, 2020 for the 14-day mortality cohort and 32,836 patients from March 2, 2020 to August 28, 2020 for the 30-day mortality cohort. Patients were matched via propensity scores and the odds of mortality were then compared. Among COVID-19 positive Veterans, preexisting aspirin prescription was associated with a statistically and clinically significant decrease in overall mortality at 14-days (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.32–0.46) and at 30-days (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.33–0.45), cutting the odds of mortality by more than half. Findings demonstrated that pre-diagnosis aspirin prescription was strongly associated with decreased mortality rates for Veterans diagnosed with COVID-19. Prospective evaluation is required to more completely assess this correlation and its implications for patient care.
Physical and nutrient stimuli differentially modulate gut motility patterns, gut transit rate, and transcriptome in an agastric fish, the ballan wrasse
Authors: Le Hoang T. M. D. , Lie Kai K. , Etayo Angela , Rønnestad Ivar , Sæle Øystein
Published: February 2021

The effects of nutrient and mechanical sensing on gut motility and intestinal metabolism in lower vertebrates remains largely unknown. Here we present the transcriptome response to luminal stimulation by nutrients and an inert bolus on nutrient response pathways and also the response on gut motility in a stomachless fish with a short digestive tract; the ballan wrasse (Labrus berggylta). Using an in vitro model, we differentiate how signals initiated by physical stretch (cellulose and plastic beads) and nutrients (lipid and protein) modulate the gut evacuation rate, motility patterns and the transcriptome. Intestinal stretch generated by inert cellulose initiated a faster evacuation of digesta out of the anterior intestine compared to digestible protein and lipid. Stretch on the intestine upregulated genes associated with increased muscle activity, whereas nutrients stimulated increased expression of several neuropeptides and receptors which are directly involved in gut motility regulation. Although administration of protein and lipid resulted in similar bulbous evacuation times, differences in intestinal motility, transit between the segments and gene expression between the two were observed. Lipid induced increased frequency of ripples and standing contraction in the middle section of the intestine compared to the protein group. We suggest that this difference in motility was modulated by factors [prepronociceptin (pnoca), prodynorphin (pdyn) and neuromedin U (nmu), opioid neurotransmitters and peptides] that are known to inhibit gastrointestinal motility and were upregulated by protein and not lipid. Our findings show that physical pressure in the intestine initiate contractions propelling the bolus distally, directly towards the exit, whereas the stimuli from nutrients modulates the motility to prolong the residence time of digesta in the digestive tract for optimal digestion.
Risk assessment of shoulder dystocia via the difference between transverse abdominal and biparietal diameters: A retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Shinohara Satoshi , Okuda Yasuhiko , Hirata Shuji
Published: February 2021

Shoulder dystocia is defined as vaginal cephalic delivery that requires additional obstetric maneuvers to deliver the fetus after the head has been delivered and gentle traction has failed. A bigger difference between the transverse abdominal diameter (TAD) (abdominal circumference [AC]/π) and biparietal diameter (BPD) (TAD-BPD) has been reported as a risk factor for shoulder dystocia in different countries; however, it remains unclear if this relationship is relevant in Japan. This study aimed to clarify the association between TAD-BPD and shoulder dystocia after adjusting for potential confounding factors in a Japanese cohort. We retrospectively examined 1,866 Japanese women who delivered vaginally between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks of gestation at the University of Yamanashi Hospital between June 2012 and November 2018. The cutoff value of TAD-BPD associated with shoulder dystocia and the association between TAD-BPD and shoulder dystocia were evaluated. The mean maternal age was 32.5±5.3 years; the patients included 1,053 nulliparous women (57.5%), 915 male infants (49.0%), 154 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (8.3%), and 5 infants with macrosomia (0.3%). The mean TAD-BPD was 9.03±4.7 mm. The overall incidence of shoulder dystocia was 2.4% (44/1866). The cutoff value to predict shoulder dystocia was 12.0 mm (sensitivity, 61.4%; specificity, 73.8%; likelihood ratio, 2.34; positive predictive value, 5.4%; negative predictive value, 98.8%). We then used a multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the association between TAD-BPD and shoulder dystocia while controlling for the potential confounding factors. In multivariate analyses, TAD-BPD ≥12.0 mm (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35–8.18) and GDM (adjusted OR, 3.59; 95% CI, 1.71–7.52) were associated with shoulder dystocia. Although TAD-BPD appears to be a relevant risk factor for shoulder dystocia, sonographic fetal anthropometric measures do not appear to be useful in screening for shoulder dystocia due to a low positive predictive value.
Ambulant sale of food in the street nearby events: the issue of food (in)security from the perspective of the consuming public
Authors: Melo Diêgo Fernandes de , Pinto Rafaela Caetano
Published: February 2021

This article discusses issues related to the practice of street commerce near to events that occur in the Distrito Federal (DF), from the consumers' point of view. In order to do this, with the help of aÂ survey, we sought to collect the information about the public's perceptions and consumption habits, to identify the elements that interfere in the option for consumption inside the event or with street vendors and how consumers evaluate the problem of food security in the provision of this service. The results demonstrate that 48.94% of consumers have a habit of consuming food sold by street vendors and that only 14.89% have knowledge about the rules of good practice in food handling and consider them when selecting consumption places of edibles.
A versenyképesség és a társaságok belső ellenőrzése (Competitiveness and corporate internal audit)
Authors: Bordáné Rabóczki Mária
Published: February 2021

A cikk a belső ellenőrzésnek a hatékony társaságirányításhoz való hozzájárulását és ennek a versenyképességre gyakorolt hatását vizsgálja. A belső ellenőrzés és a társaságirányítás kölcsönös összefüggésben áll egymással. Nemcsak a belső ellenőrzés hat a társaságirányításra, hanem a releváns társaságirányítási struktúrák, emberi kapcsolatok és magatartásformák jelentős hatást gyakorolnak a belső ellenőrzés színvonalára és hatékonyságára. A cikk ezért különös figyelmet szentel a belső ellenőröknek az igazgatósággal, az auditbizottsággal/felügyelőbizottsággal, a menedzsmenttel és a könyvvizsgálóval való kapcsolatainak vizsgálatára. Rávilágít a belső ellenőrzés legfőbb funkciójára, amely objektív bizonyosságot nyújt az igazgatóság és a felső vezetők számára a kockázatok azonosítására, kezelésére és elfogadható szintre történő csökkentésére szolgáló kontrollfolyamatok megfelelőségéről és hatékonyságáról. A bemutatott belső ellenőrzési modell azt a szemléletet közvetíti, hogy a belső ellenőrzés által nyújtott objektív bizonyosság megszerzése nemcsak a jogszabályoknak vagy az ajánlásoknak való megfelelés, hanem a társaságok versenyképessége szempontjából is kiemelkedő jelentőségű. _________ The purpose of this paper is to consider the contribution of internal audit to the sound corporate governance and the impact of that on the competitiveness of the companies. There is a mutual dependency between internal audit and corporate governance. Not only the internal audit has impact on the corporate governance but the relevant governance structures, relationships and behaviour influence the level and effectiveness of the internal audit. Therefore the present paper is highly concerned with the internal auditors` relationships with the board, audit committee/supervisory board, senior management and the external auditor. It highlights the internal audit function, that provides objective assurance to the board and senior management about the adequacy and effectiveness of the processes by which risks are identified, managed, controlled and mitigated to acceptable levels. The internal audit model demonstrated represents an approach, according to that getting objective assurance provided by internal audit is important not only to be in line with laws and recommendations but to facilitate the corporate competitiveness.
Környezeti innovációk a hazai feldolgozóiparban (Environmental innovations in the Hungarian manufacturing industry)
Authors: Széchy Anna
Published: February 2021

A cikk a hazai feldolgozóipari vállalatok környezeti innovációs tevékenységét, annak mozgatórugóit vizsgálja. Felvázolja a témakörrel foglalkozó jelentősebb elméleteket, kutatásokat, illetve az ezek által azonosított, a környezeti innovációs tevékenységet befolyásoló tényezőket (pl. hatósági szabályozás, vállalatméret, környezeti stratégia stb.). A bemutatott kutatás egy kérdőíves felmérésen alapul, melyben közel 300 vállalat vett részt az elektronika, az élelmiszeripar, a gépipar, a járműipar és a vegyipar területéről. A vizsgálat célja a környezeti innováció különböző típusainak (csővégi, megelőző, termék; új, adaptált) differenciált elemzése, figyelembe véve mind a vállalat, mind a környezet jellemzőit. A vállalatok innovációs tevékenysége jelentősen különbözhet az egyes ágazatokban, illetve a különböző méretű cégek között – a cikk ezen eltérések vizsgálatára is kitér. ______ The article examines the environmental innovation activity of Hungarian manufacturing companies and its determinants. It provides a brief overview of the most important theories and recent empirical studies addressing the topic. The research presented is based on a questionnaire survey with the participation of nearly 300 firms from the chemicals, electronics, food, machines and vehicles sectors. The goal of the study is to identify differences in the determinants of the various types of environmental innovation (end-of-pipe, cleaner production, product; novel, adopted), with regard to both the characteristics of the environment and the companies themselves. Differences between firms of various sizes and industries are also a part of the analysis.
Thérèse Raquin d’Émile Zola : la notion de tempérament entre l’héritage antique et l’apport de la physiologie du XIXe siècle
Authors: Kaczmarek-Wiśniewska Anna
Published: February 2021

Therese Raquin, Zola’s first important work, is based on the modern version of the old physiological theory of “temperaments”, e.g. the combination of four cardinal “humours” that determine a man’s physical and mental constitution. Through the story of two murderers, an adulterous woman and her lover who kill the woman’s husband, the author shows the mutual influence of two temperaments considered in the 19th century as more important than all the others: sanguine and melancholic (or nervous). The novel intends to “verify” a theory dealing with the consequences of each type of temperament for people’s behaviour, their relationships and their internal life.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ KATILIM BANKALARININ CRITIC TEMELLİ EDAS YÖNTEMİYLE PERFORMANS DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Authors: BAYRAM Erdi
Published: February 2021

Bankalar finansal sistemin merkezi kurumlarıdır ve reel sektörün itici gücüdür. Bu kurumların itibarlı pozisyonunu koruması aktif ve pasif yönetiminin başarısına bağlıdır. Artan rekabet ortamında bankaların performansını incelemek önemli hale gelmiştir. Buna istinaden çalışmada Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren katılım bankalarının finansal performansı çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Kriterlerin önem ağırlıkları CRITIC, bankaların performans skorları ise EDAS yöntemiyle hesaplanmıştır. Performans kriteri olarak bankaların finansal oranları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 2010-2019 yılları arasında faaliyet gösteren Bank Asya ve Emlak Katılım dışındaki bankaları kapsamaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre 2019 yılında Ziraat Katılım ilk, Türkiye Finans ikinci sırada yer almıştır. Özel sermayeli katılım bankaları arasında en yüksek performansa sahip bankanın Albaraka Türk olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca kamu bankalarının faaliyete başlamasının özel sermayeli bankaların performansını etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Durability and stability of antimicrobial coated surfaces
Authors: Buhl Sebastian , Peter J. , Stich A. , Brückner R. , Bulitta C.
Published: February 2021

Antimicrobial surface coating of i.e. medical devices could contribute to infection prevention and reduction of hospital acquired infections (HAI). Recent studies showed a significant reduction in the microbial contamination of antimicrobial coated surfaces in clinical setups. Nevertheless, there are only few publications available that deal with the durability and stability of these coatings under routine clinical conditions. In this work different antimicrobial coating compositions were tested on different surfaces for their durability and remaining antimicrobial activity. Our results show that the durability and stability of a subsequent applied antimicrobial coating is strongly dependent on the chemical formulation of the coating and also the underlying surface condition. Whereas we could still detect remaining antimicrobial coating and activity on some samples after repeated abrasion testing, some other samples lost their coating and activity after only a few abrasion cycles. Interestingly the integrated antimicrobial substance in the 3-D printed samples showed strong antimicrobial activity even after rough treatment of the surfaces (brushing, scratching).