bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of anticoagulant PyC biomaterials with super-hydrophobic surface
Authors: Ze Wang , Wen-sheng Tan , Ye-Xia  , Ming Zhang , Xiao-ping Li , Jian-guo Qiu , Xiao-Hong Yang
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Pyrolytic carbon (PyC) is a kind of biomaterial which is chemically inert and has excellent biocompatibility. In order to obtain a super-hydrophobic PyC surface to improve anticoagulation and inhibit thrombus, this study prepares grating pair structure, microhole array structure, helix structure on PyC surface by nanoseconds laser etching.

Methods:

Rod-like ZnO film and ball-like ZnO film are prepared on the PyC surface by the hydrothermal method; polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) nanofiber film and PVP/TiO2 complex nanofiber film are prepared on the PyC surface by the electrospinning method; the PyC surface is silanized. Finally, surface microstructure and surface energy are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle meter (OCA20, German DataPhysics Co.).

Results:

The periodical microstructures are formed respectively by nanoseconds laser etching. The surface roughness is increased by the hydrothermal and electrospinning method.

Conclusions:

Through infiltration experiment on rough and smooth PyC surfaces, rough PyC surface with microstructure is super-hydrophobic and has greater than 150° contact angle, which decreases blood flow resistance and inhibits thrombus.
3D printing processes for photocurable polymeric materials: technologies, materials, and future trends
Authors: Taormina Gabriele , Sciancalepore Corrado , Messori Massimo , Bondioli Federica
Published: September 2018

The aim of this review is a faithful report of the panorama of solutions adopted to fabricate a component using vat photopolymerization (VP) processes. A general overview on additive manufacturing and on the different technologies available for polymers is given. A comparison between stereolithography and digital light processing is also presented, with attention to different aspects and to the advantages and limitations of both technologies. Afterward, a quick overview of the process parameters is given, with an emphasis on the necessities and the issues associated with the VP process. The materials are then explored, starting from base matrix materials to composites and nanocomposites, with attention to examples of applications and explanations of the main factors involved.
Local implantation of autologous adipose-derived stem cells increases femoral strength and bone density in osteoporotic rats: A randomized controlled animal study
Authors: Uri Ofir , Behrbalk Eyal , Folman Yoram
Published: September 2018

Background:

Deficient osteogenic capacity of bone marrow stem cells plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising source of skeletal progenitor cells. The capacity of ADSCs to undergo osteogenic differentiation and induce mineralized tissue formation may be beneficial in the treatment of osteoporosis. We question whether administration of autologous ADSCs into the proximal femur of osteoporotic rats will induce osteogenesis and enhance bone quality and strength.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty ovariectomized female rats were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: (1) percutanous implantation of autogenous ADSCs-seeded scaffold into the proximal femur and (2) percutanous implantation of non-seeded scaffold. The contralateral untreated femur served as control. The effect of treatment on bone characteristics was assessed at 12-week follow-up by micro-computed tomography analysis, mechanical testing, and histological analysis.

Results:

The mean cortical thickness, total bone volume density, and bone load to failure in femora injected with autologous ADSCs-seeded scaffold was significantly higher compared to femora injected with non-seeded scaffold and compared to the untreated control femora ( p < 0.01). Histological examination of the injected specimens revealed complete osseo-integration of the scaffolds with direct conversion of the ADSCs into osteoblasts and no inflammatory response.

Conclusions:

Autogenous ADSCs implantation into the proximal femur of rats with ovariectomy-related osteoporosis promoted bone regeneration and increased bone strength at short-term follow-up. These findings highlight the potential benefit of autogenous ADSCs in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Level of Evidence:

Level I, randomized controlled trial, animal study.
A Systematic Summary of Systematic Reviews on the Topic of Hip Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: de SA Darren , Lian Jayson , Sheean Andrew J. , Inman Kathleen , Drain Nicholas , Ayeni Olufemi , Mauro Craig
Published: September 2018

Background:

There is a rapidly growing body of literature on the topic of hip arthroscopic surgery.

Purpose:

To provide an overall summary of systematic reviews published on the indications, complications, techniques, outcomes, and information related to hip arthroscopic surgery.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review of all hip arthroscopic surgery–related systematic reviews published between January 2000 and May 2018 was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. Narrative reviews and non-English articles were excluded.

Results:

A total of 837 articles were found, of which 85 met the inclusion criteria. Included articles were summarized and divided into 6 major categories based on the subject of the review: femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), non-FAI indications, surgical technique, outcomes, complications, and miscellaneous.

Conclusion:

A summary of systematic reviews on hip arthroscopic surgery can provide surgeons with a single source for the most current synopsis of the available literature. As the prevalence of orthopaedic surgeons performing hip arthroscopic surgery increases, updated evidence-based guidelines must likewise be advanced and understood to ensure optimal patient management.
Physical Activity Decline
Authors: Fateme Monjazebi , Asghar Dalvandi , Abbas Ebadi , Reza Khankeh Hamid , Jörg Richter , Hamid Reza Jamaati
Published: September 2018

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease which significantly affects patients’ physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to gain insight into the COPD patients’ perception of the disease and their experience during physical activity decline.

Methods:

This qualitative study was performed in National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, a university hospital located in Tehran, Iran, which represents a referral center for COPD. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews with 18 patients with COPD. Patients were recruited by purposeful sampling with the maximum variation sampling to achieve representative variation in patient’s gender, age, educational level, and severity and duration of COPD. Data were analyzed via conventional content analysis approach.

Results:

The COPD patients’ perception of the disease and their experience during physical activity decline was summarized in 6 categories: variable strength, experienced dyspnea, changed communication patterns, changed self-care patterns, lack of education, and environmental factors. Findings indicated that the patterns of physical activities, communication, and self-care in COPD patients change toward living normal and independent.

Conclusion:

It is imperative for the relevant health-care professionals to have a correct understanding of the characteristics of physical activity in COPD patients, because by knowing the characteristics of a phenomenon, it can be better measured and managed. Education and behavioral interventions are the most important ways to improve physical activity in COPD patients. This education should be cultural based and be adapted to the patients’ situation, and also emotional and environmental factors should be considered.
Le Fort Partial Colpocleisis: A Low-Cost Model
Authors: Gupta Ankita , Herrera Silvia , Kanitsch Stephanie , Kane Laurie
Published: September 2018

Objective:

The aim of this study is to develop a simulation model for the Le Fort partial colpocleisis.

Introduction:

One in 9 women will undergo surgery for incontinence or prolapse by age 80 with 30% of these requiring an additional prolapse surgery. With a success rate of over 90% and recurrence rate of 4.2%, obliterative procedures hold a significant place in the management of pelvic organ prolapse in elderly women who are no longer sexually active. For new trainees, the Le Fort colpocleisis may be difficult to conceptually visualize, requiring the need to develop models as teaching tools.

Method:

A low-cost model was developed using easily available craft supplies to simulate the Le Fort partial colpocleisis with the uterus in situ to treat procidentia. The cost of each model was under US $14 and time to make was approximately 1 hour. The video presents the construction and use of this model.

Conclusions:

The Le Fort partial colpocleisis technique has been in use for over a century. The aging population as well as the high risk of recurrence after prolapse repairs makes colpocleisis an important technique for trainees to master. Simulation models have proven their efficacy as a training tool. This simple model will allow trainees to fully comprehend the steps of this procedure. Using this video, educators can construct a model and use it to orient trainees to the Le Fort partial colpocleisis procedure.
Comparison of second and third generation total ankle arthroplasty learning curves
Authors: Callahan Ryan , Aynardi Michael , Walley Kempland , Saloky Kaitlin , Juliano Paul
Published: September 2018

Category:

Ankle Arthritis

Introduction/Purpose:

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has evolved over the past decades with later generation implants being associated with improved instrumentation and hardware. There have been multiple reports of the “learning curve” associated with total ankle arthroplasty. These report higher complication rates during the initial procedures performed by an inexperienced surgeon. To our knowledge, there is no comparison of the 2nd generation and 3 rd generation implant learning curves.

Methods:

The clinical outcomes of the first 15 cases (8/2002-4/2005) of a 2nd generation fixed bearing prosthesis (Agility Total Ankle System) and the first 15 cases (6/2007-3/2009) of a 3 rd generation fixed bearing prosthesis (Salto Talaris® TotalAnkle Prosthesis) performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed to determine complication incidence. The initial cases with each system were also independently reviewed to determine if there was a significant learning curve in regards to complications. Reoperation, infection, gutter impingement, fracture, persistent pain, and periprosthetic cyst formation were included for comparison of complication rates.

Results:

The overall complication rates for the Agility were 54.9% (28/51) and 35.7% (25/70) for Salto Talaris. There was no significant difference in reoperation rates when comparing the first 15 Agility cases (8/15, 53%) to the remainder of Agility cases (11/36, 30.6%) p=0.2. The initial 15 Salto Talaris cases also demonstrated no significant difference in reoperation rates (1/15, 8%) when compared to the remaining Salto Talaris replacements (7/55, 12.7%) p=1. Reoperation rates were higher in the initial 15 Agility cases (8/15, 53%) compared to the initial 15 Salto cases (1/15, 8%) p=0.01. There was no significant difference in infection, hardware failure, and medial malleolus fracture rates for any of the groups.

Conclusion:

While this series demonstrated no significant learning curve for each individual total ankle system, there was a significantly higher reoperation rate in the initial cases for the 2nd generation TAA when compared to the initial cases of the 3 rd generation implants. This could be attributed to improved instrumentation and hardware and/or surgeon experience.
3D biometrics for hindfoot alignment using Weight Bearing CT
Authors: Lintz Francois , Zhang Shu , Bernasconi Alessio , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: September 2018

Category:

Hindfoot

Introduction/Purpose:

Hindfoot alignment is an important reference for foot and ankle surgery, and the Foot Ankle Offset (FAO) using semi-automatic software has been reported as a valuable hindfoot alignment measurement in weightbearing CT(WBCT). The objective was to assess the clinical relevance and reproducibility of the FAO value for hindfoot alignment and compare it with previous findings.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted, with ethics committee approval. Patients were included, clinically examined and divided into 3 groups: normal alignment (Group 1), valgus (Group 2), varus (Group 3). A continuous series of 140 feet (71 patients) were referred from September to December 2017 (65 normal, 41 valgus, and 34 varus). All patients had a bilateral weight bearing CT, and the FAO values were recorded. The long axial view angle(HAct)was measured on Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRR) as comparison. All values were measured and compared by two different investigators. The reproducibility of FAO and HAct were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) and regression analysis was conducted to study the correlation between the two methods.

Results:

In Group 1, the mean value for FAO/HAct was 1.69%±2.58%/4.13±2.67, in Group 2, the FAO/HAct was 7.46%±3.18%/9.00±3.43; in Group 3 the values were -6.11%±4.55%/-7.49±6.06. The intra- and interobserver reliability were 0.991/0.992 and 0.976/0.976. There was a good linear correlation between HAct and FAO (R2=0.778, and the regression slope was 1.083.

Conclusion:

The use of weightbearing CT can help characterize hindfoot alignment objectively using WBCT. The present study is the first prospective comparative assessment of this technology and shows that FAO has good repeatability, and it correlates well with clinical examination,, X ray findings and previous literature. The FAO is a clinically relevant and reproducible method for measuring hindfoot alignment.
Limb-threatening Deep Infections Associated With Hardware Complications After Intramedullary Hindfoot Nailing in Charcot Feet
Authors: Strauss Michael , Lee David
Published: September 2018

Category:

Diabetes

Introduction/Purpose:

Multiple experiences with hindfoot intramedullary nailing (HINs) have demonstrated their usefulness for salvage of even the most severe ankle and foot deformities. However, special precautions must be employed when using this procedure in the diabetic with sensory neuropathy and advanced Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) bone changes. A series of limb threatening complications after using the HIN in this subset of patients occurred. All failures were due to further bone collapse associated with the CN and penetration of the distal interlocking screws through the skin. This has led to the establishment of a protocol for reducing the chances of adverse occurrences when utilizing HIN in the named patient group.

Methods:

Three index cases in diabetes with failed HINs, two resulting in below knee amputations, were analyzed retrospectively. All initially presented with severe deformities with impending ulcerations at the apices of the deformities. Satisfactory realignments of the foot and ankle were achieved with lateral malleolus resections and tibia-talus osteotomies to restore the foot to the plantigrade position. The corrected position was maintained with the HIR and patients were allowed to fully weight bear in protective diabetic equipment 3 months after the surgeries.

Results:

Twelve to 18 months later, one or more of the tips of the distal interlocking screws of the HIRs penetrated the skin of the foot. Even with immediate removal of interlocking screws, two of the three patients subsequently required transtibial amputations. The patient in whom a transtibial amputation was avoided continues to ambulate with a CROW boot more than three years after complications of the rodding were managed. This experience has led to the generation of a protocol to potentially minimize the risk of limb-threatening complications related to hardware.

Conclusion:

The proposed protocol includes: First, proximal interlocking screws are not inserted to allow proximal migration of the rod in anticipation of further CN bone collapse. Second, the hindfoot interlocking screws are removed one year post-op and protective footwear continued. Third, if there is skin breakdown by screw, all hardware is removed and the medullary canal is reamed, plus antibiotic course and wound care. After this if infection markers are negative, 2nd-stage revision surgery is considered. The protocol seeks to minimize deep infections associated with HINs of severe CN foot deformities and further study to assess its impact is needed.
Correction of foot malalignment after old talar neck fracture
Authors: Wang Bibo
Published: September 2018

Category:

Hindfoot

Introduction/Purpose:

Posttraumatic talar neck mal-union often results in varus hindfoot and adducted forefoot. That leads to a deformed stiff foot and peri-talar osteoarthritis, causing pain, altered gait and dysfunctions. This study analyzed the adopted corrective methods and their clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Methods:

This study retrospectively reviewed 18 cases of symptomatic malaligned foot as a result of old talar neck fracture, who undertook corrective surgeries during the period from Sept.2009 to Oct. 2016. The average time interval between the injury and the corrective surgery was 23.8±33.5 months. Procedures including ORIF of talus, lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy, subtalar arthrodesis and opening osteotomy of medial talus were selected for the correction and reconstruction of foot deformity. The follow-up time after surgery was 29.5±18.5months. The angle of first metatarsal axis and talar axis (FMT) was measured on the A-P view of foot. The distance between the lowest point of calcaneus and the tibial axis (Moment Arm, MoA) and the angle between the lateral wall of calcaneus and tibial axis (hindfoot alignment angle, HAA) were measured on the hindfoot alignment view of foot. VAS score, AOFAS-AH score and SF-36 scores were compared before and after surgery.

Results:

The FMT angle increased from -6.8±5.7 degrees before surgery to +1.8±2.6 degrees after surgery (p<0.05); The MoA increased from -3.1±2.4 cm before surgery to +0.5±1.0 cm after surgery (p<0.05); The HAA increased from -19.6±8.3 degrees before surgery to -3.8±4.1 degrees after surgery (p<0.05) 。 The VAS score decreased from 6.5±2.3 before surgery to 1.0±1.2 after surgery (p<0.05). The AOFAS-AH score increased from 54.5±16.2 before surgery to 88.6±12.3 after surgery (p<0.05). The SF-36 score increased from 48.7±10.5 before surgery to 85.4±9.2 after surgery (p<0.05). The osteotomy and arthrodesis sites were healing well judging from the X-ray and CT images.

Conclusion:

The correction and reconstruction of deformed foot resulted from old mal-united talar fracture poses a difficult clinical problem. The major principle is to correct the varus hindfoot and adducted forefoot. Selected Combined procedures including ORIF of talus, calcaneal lateralizing osteotomy, subtalar arthrodesis and medial talar opening osteotomy are recommended to restore normal alignments and functions.
Measuring shared mental models in healthcare
Authors: Gisick Logan M , Webster Kristen L , Keebler Joseph R , Lazzara Elizabeth H , Fouquet Sarah , Fletcher Keaton , Fagerlund Agnes , Lew Victoria , Chan Raymond
Published: September 2018

Objective

To review common qualitative and quantitative methods of measuring shared mental models appropriate for use in the healthcare setting.

Background

Shared mental models are the overlap of individuals’ set of knowledge and/or assumptions that act as the basis for understanding and decision making between individuals. Within healthcare, shared mental models facilitate effective teamwork and theorized to influence clinical decision making and performance. With the current rapid growth and expansion of healthcare teams, it is critical that we understand and correctly use shared mental model measurement methods assess optimal team performance. Unfortunately, agreement on the proper measurement of shared mental models within healthcare remains diffuse.

Method

This paper presents methods appropriate to measure shared mental models within healthcare.

Results

Multiple shared mental model measurement methods are discussed with regard to their utility within this setting, ease of use, and difficulties in deploying within the healthcare operational environment. For rigorous analysis of shared mental models, it is recommended that a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses be employed.

Conclusion

There are multitude of shared mental model measurement methods that can be used in the healthcare domain; although there is no perfect solution for every situation. Researchers can utilize this article to determine the best approach for their needs.
Longitudinal Trajectory and Characterization of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in a Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Janelsins Michelle C. , Heckler Charles E. , Peppone Luke J. , Ahles Tim A. , Mohile Supriya G. , Mustian Karen M. , Palesh Oxana , O’Mara Ann M. , Minasian Lori M. , Williams Annalynn M. , Magnuson Allison , Geer Jodi , Dakhil Shaker R. , Hopkins Judith O. , Morrow Gary R.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is an important clinical problem in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. Nationwide longitudinal studies are needed to understand the trajectory and severity of CRCI in specific cognitive domains.

Patients and Methods

The overall objective of this nationwide, prospective, observational study conducted within the National Cancer Institute Community Clinical Oncology Research Program was to assess trajectories in specific cognitive domains in patients with breast cancer (stage I-IIIC) receiving chemotherapy, from pre- (A1) to postchemotherapy (A2) and from prechemotherapy to 6 months postchemotherapy (A3); controls were assessed at the same time-equivalent points. The primary aim assessed visual memory using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Delayed Match to Sample test by longitudinal mixed models including A1, A2, and A3 and adjusting for age, education, race, cognitive reserve score, and baseline anxiety and depressive symptoms. We also assessed trajectories of CRCI in other aspects of memory as well as in attention and executive function with computerized, paper-based, and telephone-based cognitive tests.

Results

In total, 580 patients with breast cancer (mean age, 53.4 years) and 363 controls (mean age, 52.6 years) were assessed. On the Delayed Match to Sample test, the longitudinal mixed model results revealed a significant group-by-time effect ( P < .005); patients declined over time from prechemotherapy (A1) to 6 months postchemotherapy (A3; P = .005), but controls did not change ( P = .426). The group difference between patients and controls was also significant, revealing declines in patients but not controls ( P = .017). Several other models of computerized, standard, and telephone tests indicated significantly worse performance by patients compared with controls from pre- to postchemotherapy and from prechemotherapy to 6 months postchemotherapy.

Conclusion

This nationwide study showed CRCI in patients with breast cancer affects multiple cognitive domains for at least 6 months postchemotherapy.
Divergent early mesoderm specification underlies distinct head and trunk muscle programmes in vertebrates
Authors: Nandkishore Nitya , Vyas Bhakti , Javali Alok , Ghosh Subho , Sambasivan Ramkumar
Published: September 2018

Head and trunk muscles have discrete embryological origins and are governed by distinct regulatory programmes. Whereas the developmental route of trunk muscles from mesoderm is well studied, that of head muscles is ill defined. Here, we show that, unlike the myogenic trunk paraxial mesoderm, head mesoderm development is independent of the T/Tbx6 network in mouse. We reveal that, in contrast to Wnt and FGF-driven trunk mesoderm, dual inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin and Nodal specifies head mesoderm. Remarkably, the progenitors derived from embryonic stem cells by dual inhibition efficiently differentiate into cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. This twin potential is the defining feature of cardiopharyngeal mesoderm: the head subtype giving rise to heart and branchiomeric head muscles. Therefore, our findings provide compelling evidence that dual inhibition specifies head mesoderm and unravel the mechanism that diversifies head and trunk muscle programmes during early mesoderm fate commitment. Significantly, this is the first report of directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, without transgenes, into progenitors with muscle/heart dual potential. Ability to generate branchiomeric muscle in vitro could catalyse efforts in modelling myopathies that selectively involve head muscles.
Neuropilins guide preganglionic sympathetic axons and chromaffin cell precursors to establish the adrenal medulla
Authors: Lumb Rachael , Tata Mathew , Xu Xiangjun , Joyce Andrew , Marchant Ceilidh , Harvey Natasha , Ruhrberg Christiana , Schwarz Quenten
Published: September 2018

The adrenal medulla is composed of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells that secrete adrenaline into the systemic circulation to maintain physiological homeostasis and enable the autonomic stress response. How chromaffin cell precursors colonise the adrenal medulla, and how they become connected to central nervous system derived preganglionic sympathetic neurons remains largely unknown. By combining lineage tracing, gene expression studies, genetic ablation and the analysis of mouse mutants, we demonstrate that preganglionic axons direct chromaffin cell precursors into the adrenal primordia. We further show that preganglionic axons and chromaffin cell precursors require class 3 semaphorin (SEMA3) signalling through neuropilins (NRP) to target the adrenal medulla. Thus, SEMA3s serve as guidance cues to control formation of the adrenal neuroendocrine system by establishing appropriate connections between preganglionic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells that regulate the autonomic stress response.
Protein localization screening in vivo reveals novel regulators of multiciliated cell development and function
Authors: Tu Fan , Sedzinski Jakub , Ma Yun , Marcotte Edward M. , Wallingford John B.
Published: September 2018

Multiciliated cells (MCCs) drive fluid flow in diverse tubular organs and are essential for the development and homeostasis of the vertebrate central nervous system, airway and reproductive tracts. These cells are characterized by dozens or hundreds of motile cilia that beat in a coordinated and polarized manner. In recent years, genomic studies have not only elucidated the transcriptional hierarchy for MCC specification but also identified myriad new proteins that govern MCC ciliogenesis, cilia beating and cilia polarization. Interestingly, this burst of genomic data has also highlighted that proteins with no obvious role in cilia do, in fact, have important ciliary functions. Understanding the function of proteins with little prior history of study presents a special challenge, especially when faced with large numbers of such proteins. Here, we define the subcellular localization in MCCs of ∼200 proteins not previously implicated in cilia biology. Functional analyses arising from the screen provide novel links between actin cytoskeleton and MCC ciliogenesis.
Activation of mammalian cytoplasmic dynein in multimotor motility assays
Authors: Monzon Gina A. , Scharrel Lara , Santen Ludger , Diez Stefan
Published: September 2018

Long-range intracellular transport is facilitated by motor proteins, such as kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein, moving along microtubules (MTs). These motors often work in teams for the transport of various intracellular cargos. Although transport by multiple kinesin-1 motors has been studied extensively in the past, collective effects of cytoplasmic dynein are less well understood. On the level of single molecules, mammalian cytoplasmic dynein is not active in the absence of dynactin and adaptor proteins. However, when assembled into a team bound to the same cargo, processive motility has been observed. The underlying mechanism of this activation is not known. Here, we found that in MT gliding motility assays the gliding velocity increased with dynein surface density and MT length. Developing a mathematical model based on single-molecule parameters, we were able to simulate the observed behavior. Integral to our model is the usage of an activation term, which describes a mechanical activation of individual dynein motors when being stretched by other motors. We hypothesize that this activation is similar to the activation of single dynein motors by dynactin and adaptor proteins.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Relative effectiveness of a full versus reduced version of the ‘Smoke Free’ mobile application for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Crane David , Ubhi Harveen Kaur , Brown Jamie , West Robert
Published: September 2018

Background:Smartphone applications (apps) are popular aids for smoking cessation. Smoke Free is an app that delivers behaviour change techniques used in effective face-to-face behavioural support programmes. The aim of this study was to assess whether the full version of Smoke Free is more effective than the reduced version.

Methods: This was a two-arm randomised controlled trial. Smokers who downloaded Smoke Free were randomly offered the full or reduced version; 28,112 smokers aged 18+ years who set a quit date were included. The full version provided updates on benefits of abstinence, progress (days smoke free), virtual ‘badges’ and daily ‘missions’ with push notifications aimed at preventing and managing cravings. The reduced version did not include the missions. At baseline the app recorded users’: device type (iPhone or Android), age, sex, daily cigarette consumption, time to first cigarette of the day, and educational level. The primary outcome was self-reported complete abstinence from the quit date in a 3-month follow-up questionnaire delivered via the app. Analyses conducted included logistic regressions of outcome on to app version (full versus reduced) with adjustment for baseline variables using both intention-to-treat/missing-equals smoking (MES) and follow-up-only (FUO) analyses.

Results:The 3-month follow-up rate was 8.5% (n=1,213) for the intervention and 6.5% (n=901) for the control. A total of 234 participants reported not smoking in the intervention versus 124 in the control, representing 1.6% versus 0.9% in the MES analysis and 19.3% versus 13.8% in the FUO analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.90, 95%CI=1.53-2.37 (p<0.001) and 1.50, 95%CI=1.18-1.91 (p<0.001) in the MES and FUO analyses respectively.

Conclusions:Despite very low follow-up rates using in-app follow up, both intention-to-treat/missing equals smoking and follow-up only analyses showed the full version of the Smoke Free app to result in higher self-reported 3-month continuous smoking abstinence rates than the reduced version.
«Total Recall»: Mission Possible (Review of the Monograph by I.E. Klyukanov)
Authors: Привалова И. , Privalova I.
Published: September 2018

This review analyzes a new monograph by I.E. Klyukanov, in which an innovative approach to communication as a natural phenomenon and as a source of genesis is being discussed. Such approach gives an opportunity to validate the communicative essence of any scientific knowledge, to interpret message as a central concept for natural-scientific, social, humanitarian and philosophical thought. It has been shown in which way this monograph differs from the others, numerous works on the theory of communication, namely, it is marked by a high level of generalization of scientific knowledge and a successful attempt to develop theoretical bases for communicative science embedded in the multifaceted frame “object-subject-knowledge”. Self-succession in the ideas evolution and accumulated scientific observations has been emphasized. This monograph can be regarded as a kind of the summing up of an accomplished work of a famous scientist at a certain point of his career. The potential readers will be attracted by the unique conception, as well as a fascinating style of the material presentation.
The Socio-Political Aspect in Iranian Women’s Poetry (on the Example of Forough Farrokhzad Lyrics)
Authors: Березина А. , Berezina A.
Published: September 2018

The most important aspect in the study of a literary text as a form of sociocultural communication is the identification of its social orientation, the ability to generate ideas and influence their active functioning in the social space. The article deals with the socio-political aspect of the Forough Farrokhzad lyrics. She was the brightest representative of the new style in Persian poetry known as «she’r-e now» («new poetry»). The tools of feminist literary criticism were used as methodological basis of the work. During the study, all the poetic material of Forough Farrokhzad was analyzed, and some of the presented poetic passages were translated to Russian for the first time by the author of this article.
Customs and Logistics Regulation of Cross-Border Business
Authors: Сулейманов З. , Suleymanov Z.
Published: September 2018

The article defines the tasks, directions and opportunities for the development of customs and logistics management of cross-border business processes. The problem areas of the customs and logistics area are disclosed.
Prerequisites of Deformations of the Personal Resource Under the Conditions of Family Disadvantages
Authors: Истратова Оксана , Istratova Oksana , Голубева Елена , Golubeva Elena
Published: September 2018

The research was supported by RFBR (project No. 18-013-00029 A). The article discusses the actual problem of modern society – the problem youth's personal resource deformation. The gradual formation of a personal resource over the course of age development is noted. The preconditions for a personal resource in early, preschool, junior school, adolescence and adolescence are singled out. The main manifestations of the family crisis as a factor causing the emergence of deformations of the personal resource in childhood and adolescence are singled out. The phenomenon of family trouble is considered in its entirety, (in its open and hidden forms), including, in particular, both open and hidden social orphanhood. The specifics of the development of the "Image of Self", the emotional and motivational spheres of children and adolescents in situations of family troubles of various types are revealed. The dynamics of age indices of personal development during the transition from childhood to adolescence in the situation of family unhappiness has been studied. It has been established that the unfavorable family climate (emotional rejection of the child), which can cause distortions in the emotional sphere, the "Image of Self", communication with peers, is the key factor of deformation of the personal resource in childhood and adolescence. The main mechanism for the formation of deformations is the frustration of the child's basic need for acceptance and recognition.
Teacher's Creativity As the Condition of Development of Creativity of Children of Pre-School Age
Authors: Зайцева О. , Zaytseva O. , Карих В. , Karikh V.
Published: September 2018

The actualization of the creative imagination is considered as one of the key problems of developing preschool education. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the development of creative imagination, as the basis for designing individual educational routes for children of senior preschool age. The sample consisted of children of the senior preschool age of preschool education organizations of Irkutsk — 45 children. In the study standardized methods were used: V. Sinelnikova, V. Kudryavtseva under the title "How to save the hare", as well as the technique of E. Tunik "Consequences of situations", O.M. Dyachenko "Finish drawing of figures". The results of empirical research have shown the prevalence of medium and low levels of development of creative imagination. Low level of creative imagination was revealed in 40% of children, average in 44% and high in 16%. Characteristic features of the creative imagination of senior preschoolers are: insufficient detail of images, a small productivity of ideas, difficulties in solving problem situations, lack of independence in the implementation of ideas. The article discusses the revealed tendencies in the development of the imagination of modern children, which differ somewhat from the data previously presented in the psychological literature. An effective means of developing the skills of preschool children to overcome problem situations and resolve them, as well as the ability to anticipate the consequences of the situation on the basis of its recreation and imagination is to create conditions for story-role games in groups. According to the research, it turned out that the availability of gaming equipment reaches just over half of the recommended list of gaming equipment in groups. The longevity of the environment, we believe, is also a factor of the scarcity of the development of creative imagination, as the highest mental function in preschool childhood.
Legal regulation of foreign investments in the Russian economy: China's experience
Authors: Мельничук Марина , Mel'nichuk Marina , Демченко Максим , Demchenko Maksim , Ручкина Гульнара , Ruchkina Gul'nara , Котляров Николай , Kotlyarov Nikolay , Дахненко Светлана , Dahnenko Svetlana , Островский А. , Ostrovskiy A.
Published: September 2018

The current state of the legislation regulating investment activity in the priority sectors of the Russian economy is analyzed. The key aspects of attracting foreign direct investment in the Russian economy, including direct investment (FDI) from China, are studied. The analysis of regulation of investment activity in priority sectors of the economy on the example of China experience is given. Proposals have been developed to improve domestic legislation regulating investment activities in priority sectors of the economy, taking into account the experience of China.
Conclusions and suggestions can be used in law-enforcement practice of public authorities.
The monograph was prepared based on the results of research carried out at the expense of budget funds on the state task of the financial University in 2017.
This monograph is made within the research of the scientific school of Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation "State regulation of entrepreneurial activity".
A New Predictor of U.S. Real Economic Activity: The S&P 500 Option Implied Risk Aversion
Authors: Faccini Renato , Konstantinidi Eirini , Skiadopoulos George , Sarantopoulou-Chiourea Sylvia
Published: September 2018

We propose a new predictor of U.S. real economic activity (REA)—namely, the representative investor’s implied relative risk aversion (IRRA) extracted from S&P 500 option prices. IRRA is forward-looking and hence is expected to be related to future economic conditions. We document that U.S. IRRA predicts U.S. REA both in- and out-of-sample once we control for well-known REA predictors and take into account their persistence. An increase (decrease) in IRRA predicts a decrease (increase) in REA. We extend the empirical analysis by extracting IRRA from the South Korean, UK, Japanese, and German index option markets. We find that South Korea IRRA predicts the South Korea REA both in- and out-of-sample, as expected given the high liquidity of its index option market. We show that a parsimonious yet flexible production economy model calibrated to the U.S. economy can explain the documented negative relation between risk aversion and future economic growth.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
A protocol to improve the sharing of concerns about health care
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: September 2018

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses the Emerging Concerns Protocol, designed to help health and social care institutions and regulators share concerns more effectively
Internal Innovation Capability and ICT Use in the Innovation Process from the View of Connectivity in Japanese SMEs
Authors: Shigeno Hidenori , Matsuzaki Taisuke , Tsuji Masatsugu
Published: September 2018

Since new information necessary for innovation mainly comes from outside the firm, it is essential that the firm should innitially obtain such information, and then integrate it with indigenous resources for innovation owned by the firm. During these two processes, it is needless to say that ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has important roles to play. The research questions of this study are to examine how internal innovation capability such as the technological level and R&D (Research and Development), contributes to the innovation and how it is promoted by ICT use. Using the survey data of about 650 SMEs (Small Medium Enterprise) from all over Japan, this study constructs two models with ICT or without ICT and focuses on how SEMs (Structural Equation Modeling) obtain information from external linkages and the role of ICT in the innovation process. SEM is employed to show the causality among factors to promote innovation.  The estimation results show that (i) top management is important to promote innovation; (ii) SMEs use two channels to connect to external linkages with and without ICT; and (iii) ICT is the basis of other factors which promote innovation.

 

Keywords: External linkages, SEM, causality, R&D, technology
THE STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS THE LEAVES AND SHOOTS OF ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICI-NALIS L.), INTRODUCED IN BOTANICAL GARDEN OF PYATIGORSK MEDICAL-PHARMACEUTICAL INSTITUTE
Authors: Тохсырова (Tokhsirova) Залина (Zalina) Маирбековна (Mairbekovna) , Попов (Popov) Иван (Ivan) Викторович (Viktorovich) , Попова (Popova) Ольга (Ol'ga) Ивановна (Ivanovna)
Published: September 2018

The object of the study was the leaves and shoots of rosemary medicinal (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), introduced for 9 years in the conditions of Caucasian Mineral Waters (North Caucasus) in the Botanical garden of the Pyatigorsk medical and pharmaceutical Institute in the open ground with shelter for the winter. Preliminary identification of phenolic compounds in the extracts from leaves and shoots of rosemary were carried out by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and found gallic acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin and apigenin.The method of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at wavelengths of 254 and 330 nm in leaves and shoots rosemary drug found 10 compounds: flavonoids: catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, apigenin; phenolcarboxylic acids: caffeic, gallic, chlorogenic, ferulic, rosmarinic as well as ascorbic acid. The content of rosmarinic acid in terms of dry raw materials in rosemary leaves was 0.181–0.184%; in shoots 0.062–0.064%.The area of the Northern Caucasus can be considered as a promising area for cultivation of medicinal plants – rosemary medicinal (Rosmarinus officinalis) – for the production of medicinal plant raw materials with a high content of biologically active substances.
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF LONICERA CAERULEA PHYTOMASS IN CONTRASTING GEOCHEMICAL ENVI-RONMENTS
Authors: Боярских (Boyarskikh) Ирина (Irina) Георгиевна (Georgievna) , Сысо (Syso) Александр (Аleksandr) Иванович (Ivanovich) , Сиромля (Siromlya) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Ивановна (Ivanovna)
Published: September 2018

To study mineral composition of honeyberry (Lonicera caerulea L.) phytomass in contrasting geochemical environments, the accumulation of macro- and trace elements, as related to their soil content in undisturbed Mountainous Altai ecosystems,  was determined in organs of the Altai subspecies of honeyberry, growing in the geochemically anomalous environment on ultrabasic rocks and in the geochemically normal environment. Total chemical element content in soil and plants was determined by atomic emission spectrometry, while labile forms of  К, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Li, Sr were measured by atomic adsorption spectrometry. Organ distribution and variation limits were determined for 30 macro- and trace elements. Leaves were shown to accumulate Sr, Ni, Mo, B, Ga, La and Zr more intensively in comparison with stems, while the latter accumulated more intensively Al, Cu, Mn and Zn. Plants grown on ultrabasic rocks had decreased Ca, K, Fe and Sr contents and increased Mg and Ni contents as compared with plants growing  on acidic, carbonated and basic rocks. Decreased rate of K, Ca and Sr uptake by honeysuckle plants was most likely due to the mineral exchange distortion because of soil Ca/Mg ratio, which was unfavourable for plants. Leaves of plants growing on the ultrabasic rocks were shown to accumulate Ni in high concentrations. Increased Fe accumulation was found in leaves of plants growing on basic rocks, while stems had increased Fe concentrations in all study sites. The obtained results should be carefully considered for the purposed of phytomass collection and preparation for medicinal use.
FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS FROM ARTEMISIA GLABELLA KAR. ET. KIR., SYNTHESIS ON THEIR BASIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Байсаров (Baysarov) Габиден (Gabiden) Маратович (Maratovich) , Жуматаева (Zhumatayeva) Айдана (Аjdana) Рахманиякызы (Rakhmaniyakyzy) , Мукушева (Mukusheva) Гулим (Gulim) Кенесбековна (Kenesbekovna) , Шульц (Shul'ts) Эльвира (El'vira) Эдуардовна (Eduardovna) , Сейдахметова (Seydakhmetova) Роза (Roza) Батталовна (Battalovna) , Адекенов (Adekenov) Сергазы (Sergazy) Мынжасарович (Mynzhasarovich)
Published: September 2018

As a result of complex chemical processing of medicinal raw materials of Artemisia glabella Kar. et Kir., including CO2 extraction and lactones isolation, we have investigated the chemical composition of flavonoids to select the biologically active ones and carry out modifications on their basis. Two flavonoids pectolinaringenin and cirsilineol have been isolated by partition chromatography from the secondary raw materials of Artemisia glabella Kar. et. Kir. and identified. To obtain new biologically active compounds, we have synthesized new amino derivatives of cirsilineol by the Mannich reaction with secondary amines (piperidine and N-methylpiperazine) in isopropanol with the presence of dimethylaminopyridine. In proton NMR spectrum of the synthesized compounds there are proton signals of the initial cirsilineol fragment; however, there is no N-8 proton signal, besides other signals typical for amines’ benzene ring have been observed at 1.53–3.90 ppm. It means that reaction occurred at the C-8 position of carbon in ring A. The synthesized compounds have been studied for various types of biological activity typical for this class, including hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Amino derivatives of cirsilineol exhibit a moderate activity against HepG2 cell line, while cirsilineol at a dose of 5 mg/ml expresses a pronounced hepatoprotective activity. Moreover, all samples at a dose of 25 mg/kg show poor anti-inflammatory effects on the model of acute exudative reaction in vivo.
Base Nacional Comum Curricular e o ensino de língua inglesa
Authors: Ribas Fernanda Costa
Published: September 2018

Amparada nos pressupostos do letramento crítico (MONTE MÓR, 2013, 2014, 2015; MONTE MÓR; MORGAN, 2014; ROCHA, 2014; ROCHA; MACIEL, 2015), analiso, neste artigo, os pressupostos pedagógicos que embasam a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) no que diz respeito ao ensino de língua inglesa. Utilizo como recurso metodológico o software de análise lexical AntConc, o qual foi empregado em minha análise para buscar conceitos de indivíduo e sociedade atrelados aos processos de ensinar e aprender a língua inglesa no referido documento. Resultados dessa análise apontam para descompassos e limitações nas concepções que permeiam a BNCC, principalmente quanto ao que se entende por cidadania, criticidade e diversidade, que trazem implicações e desdobramentos para a formação dos aprendizes em língua inglesa. Defendo como o letramento crítico pode ser empregado de forma a ressignificar as concepções depreendidas na BNCC.