bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Un hiatus dans l'administration et la politique des pêches maritimes : les prud'homies de pêcheurs en Méditerranée
Authors: Feral François
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ

L'autorité professionnelle (règlement et jugement) effectue une régulation économique et « écologique » de l'effort de pêche des communautés de pêcheurs en Méditerranée. Ce modèle efficace de régulation décentralisée est combattu par les administrations de l'Etat et de la communauté européenne. L'auteur y voit une atteinte à la culture méridionale et à la décentralisation.
Evidence d'un bas niveau marin durant l'Holocène à Saint-Fabien-sur-Mer, estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent
Authors: Dionne Jean-Claude
Published: February 2011

A Saint-Fabien-sur-Mer, dans la zone intertidale actuelle, un dépôt sableux d'une épaisseur d'environ un mètre contient des myes en position de vie et des morceaux de bois dont les âges C-14 sont compris entre 4750 et 5800 ans BP. Le dépôt repose sur un substrat argileux (mer de Goldthwait) recouvert par un dallage de cailloux indiquant une surface d'érosion. Le niveau Mitis (terrasse de 4-8 m) étant daté de 2500-2000 ans BP, on suggère l'existence d'un bas niveau marin dans l'estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent, au cours de l'Holocène, suivi par une transgression mineure. Une nouvelle courbe d'évolution du niveau relatif de la mer est proposée pour cette région.
La conteneurisation du trafic des marchandises diverses et le nouveau jeu de la concurrence portuaire dans l'est du Canada
Authors: Charlier Jacques
Published: February 2011

The gradual containerization of general cargo traffic has induced dramatic changes in the hierarchy of Eastern Canada seaports. Container handlings are heavily concentrated in Montreal and Halifax, while Quebec and Saint-John were left with non container traffics. A long time series (1970-1986) is considered and specialization indexes, both individual and generalized, are used to outline structural trends in the evolution.
Milieu estuarien et écotoxicologie
Authors: Breard G.
Published: February 2011

fre: Ecologie, Argile, Estuaire, Fleuve, Pollution
L'université de Limoges et le recrutement de ses étudiants
Authors: Bouet Guy , Balabanian Olivier , Lacotte R.
Published: February 2011

Grâce aux informations fournies par le Centre de Calcul de l'Université de Limoges, les auteurs ont pu étudier le recrutement de la jeune Université de Limoges, en hausse constante. Les étudiants viennent pour les deux tiers du Limousin, mais aussi des départements proches : Dordogne, Charente, Indre, Lot... (15 %), voire de régions plus éloignées (13 %) et de l'étranger (8 %). Cette jeune Université joue bien le rôle social que lui ont dévolu, ses créateurs, mais pas encore à plein son rôle dans l'économie régionale, en dépit d'efforts et de progrès récents.
The Use and Effectiveness of Temozolomide in Children with Central Nervous System Tumours: A Survey from the Canadian Paediatric Brain Tumour Consortium
Authors: Bartels Ute , Baruchel S. , Carret A. S. , Crooks B. , Hukin J. , Johnston D. , Silva M. , Strother D. , Wilson B. , Zelcer S. , Eisenstat D. , Sung L. , Bouffet E.
Published: February 2011

Objective: To describe the use of temozolomide (TMZ) in Canadian children treated for brain tumours and to evaluate survival and predictors of survival for children treated with this agent. Methods: A survey was conducted within the Canadian Paediatric Brain Tumour Consortium (CPBTC), a group of tertiary care centres in pediatric neurooncology (n = 16) in Canada that are involved in the treatment of children with central nervous system tumours. Results: In 10 of the 16 participating pediatric oncology centres of the CPBTC, 137 children with brain tumours were treated with TMZ between January 2000 and March 2006. Although 33% of the children were enrolled into a clinical trial, 67% were treated outside open studies. Most patients (72%) received TMZ treatment on recurrence of their brain tumour (first or subsequent). The most commonly administered regimen was single-agent TMZ 150–200 mg/ m2 administered on 5 consecutive days every 28 days. The median duration of TMZ treatment was 141 days (range: 4–1102 days). Response data were provided for 127 of the 137 patients, of whom 6 showed a complete response. Sixteen patients experienced a minor or partial response, 53 had stable disease, and 52 had progressive disease. Of 32 patients alive at last follow-up, 19 had a diagnosis of low-grade glioma.
Weekly Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer—The Latest Success Story
Authors: Jain A. , Dubashi B. , Reddy K. S. , Jain P.
Published: February 2011

Taxane and platinum combination chemotherapy forms the cornerstone for the management of epithelial ovarian cancer. [...]
Oxaliplatin: A Review in the Era of Molecularly Targeted Therapy
Authors: Alcindor Thierry , Beauger N.
Published: February 2011

Objective: To review preclinical and clinical data for oxaliplatin in the current context of molecularly targeted therapy. Methods of Study Selection: We searched the PubMed and PubChem databases by combining the search terms “oxaliplatin” or “platinum” or both, with “clinical trials,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “pharmacodynamics”. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Oxaliplatin has a complicated pharmacokinetic profile, with activity against digestive cancers in particular. It has several mechanisms of action, but cancer cells can develop resistance. Real or potential synergism has been observed when oxaliplatin is combined with other cytotoxic agents or molecularly targeted agents. Peripheral neuropathy is a prominent toxic effect. Conclusions: Oxaliplatin lends itself to further clinical research in combination with molecularly targeted therapy.
Acute Liver Failure Because of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Esfahani Khashayar , Gold P. , Wakil S. , Michel R.P. , Solymoss S.
Published: February 2011

Infiltration of the liver by hematologic malignancies is an uncommon cause of liver failure. B-Cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a usually indolent disease that may infiltrate the liver, but based on a review of the literature, has never been reported to induce acute liver failure. Here, we describe the case of a 78-year-old woman with acute liver failure secondary to infiltration with CLL being unresponsive to chemotherapy and causing death. This case is notable because of its atypical presentation and ultimate poor prognosis.
Breaking New Ground in a New Year
Authors: Current Oncology Editorial Office
Published: February 2011

As 2011 begins, Current Oncology is pleased to announce a new initiative dubbed our “Cancer Knowledge Network.” [...]
Exceptionally small supramolecular hydrogelators based on aromatic–aromatic interactions
Authors: Shi Junfeng , Gao Yuan , Yang Zhimou , Xu Bing
Published: February 2011

We report herein the use of an aromatic–aromatic interaction to produce small molecule hydrogelators that self-assemble in water and form molecular nanofibers in the resulting hydrogels. Among these hydrogelators, a hydrogelator (6) made from a phenylalanine and a cinnamoyl group represents the lowest molecular weight (MW = 295.33 g/mol) peptide-based hydrogelator prepared to date. The supramolecular hydrogels were characterized by transmission electron micrograph (TEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the results obtained by both techniques correlate well with their rheological properties. Notably, compound 6 can undergo cis/trans-isomerization upon UV irradiation.
REVIEW OF CHLORIDE AND SULPHATE ATTENUATION IN GROUND WATER NEARBY SOLID‐WASTE LANDFILL SITES/CHLORIDŲ IR SULFATŲ MAŽINIMO POŽEMINIAME VANDENYJE ŠALIA SĄVARTYNŲ PROBLEMOS/УМЕНЬШЕНИE ХЛОРИДОВ И СУЛЬФАТОВ В ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОДАХ ВБЛИЗИ СВАЛОК
Authors: Venkatesan G. , Swaminathan G.
Published: February 2011

Paper review "Review of chloride and sulphate attenuation in ground water nearby solid-waste landfill sites". Journal ofEnvironmental Engineering and Landscape Management 17(1) p. 1-7
DEVELOPING CAPACITIES FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: CAPACITY ANALYSIS IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Ginige Kanchana , Amaratunga Dilanthi , Haigh Richard
Published: February 2011

This paper introduces a framework for capacity development for disaster risk reduction in the built environment. The framework was developed as a part of an ongoing research which aims to strengthen the capacities of individuals and institutions in the built environment to ensure that disaster risk reduction meets its mission and goals in a sustainable way. It is presented as a matrix that identifies four stages of capacity development against six groups of stakeholders in the built environment. The stages and the stakeholder groups were derived through a series of expert interviews and a comprehensive literature review. The four stages are named as Analysis, Creation, Utilisation and Retention. This paper in its latter sections focuses on the first stage, Analysis, and presents some of the initial findings of the research. Analysis attempts to capture capacity gaps in the relevant context in order to identify required capacity development. The study reviews literature on Sri Lanka and discusses such capacity gaps. Problems in the regulatory structure, deficiencies in necessary laws and regulations including problems in their implementation, and lack of required resources and skills have been identified as the major capacity gaps in the country. Santruka Šiame darbe pristatoma sistema, leidžianti ugdyti gebejima mažinti nelaimiu keliama rizika užstatytoje aplinkoje. Sistema sudaryta vykdant nuolatini tyrima, kuriuo siekiama didinti užstatytoje aplinkoje veikiančiu individu ir instituciju gebejimus, idant nelaimiu keliamos rizikos mažinimas darniai atitiktu jo misija ir tikslus. Sistema pateikiama kaip matrica, kuria sudaro keturi gebejimu ugdymo etapai ir šešios užstatytoje aplinkoje veikiančios interesu grupes. Etapai ir interesu grupes buvo nustatytos apklausiant ekspertus ir išsamiai apžvelgiant literatūra. Keturi etapai pavadinti “Analize”, “Kūrimas”, “Panaudojimas” ir “Išlaikymas”. Tolesnese šio darbo dalyse aptariamas pirmasis etapas “Analize” ir pateikiamos kelios pradines tyrimo išvados. Analize siekiama užfiksuoti atitinkamame kontekste esančias gebejimu spragas, kad būtu aišku, kuriuos gebejimus reikia ugdyti. Tyrime apžvelgiama literatūra apie Šri Lanka ir aptariamos tokios gebejimu spragos. Nustatyta, kad pagrindines šalies gebejimu spragos yra šios: problemos reglamentavimo struktūroje, būtinu istatymu ir reglamentu trūkumai, iskaitant ju igyvendinimo problemas, ir reikiamu ištekliu bei igūdžiu stoka.
Television: Seen, Heard and Read by Peruvian Adolescents
Authors: Quiroz-Velasco María Teresa
Published: February 2011

This paper analyzes the current relationship between Peruvian teenagers and television. The information accessed from various sources concluded that adolescents are consuming television extensively, especially the poorer within the country. Teens appreciate the cable television as a source of learning, and its variety and ability to relate it with the world. The interest in cartoons, movies and series –fiction genre in general– affirms the value of this media in society as well as the possibility to make them more familiar with their environment. Information about what happens beyond their localities is a source of reference in their perception of the country. Beyond the cultural conflict from which is generally assessed from the effects that television may have on the rural world, television has a positive sign for the visual deterritorialization, which dissolves the natural relationship between culture and territory. In rural areas, parents and teenagers evaluate television positively because it offers more than just the school itself. In the midst of academic and professional criticism on television, adolescents do not distinguish between traditional media and new media, they are all integrated into their daily lives.

El presente trabajo analiza la relación actual de los adolescentes peruanos con la pantalla televisiva. La información consultada en diversas fuentes concluye que los adolescentes siguen consumiendo ampliamente la televisión, especialmente los más pobres de ciudades del interior del Perú. Los adolescentes valoran la televisión por cable como una fuente de aprendizaje, así como por su variedad y por la posibilidad de relacionarlos con el mundo. El interés por los dibujos animados y las series y películas y, en general, por la ficción televisiva, reafirma el sentido que tiene la televisión en familiarizarlos con la sociedad y su entorno. La información de lo que acontece más allá de sus localidades es fuente de referencia en su percepción del país y es compartida en familia. Más allá del conflicto cultural, desde el cual generalmente se ha evaluado los efectos de la televisión en el medio rural, ésta tiene para los adolescentes y sus padres un signo positivo porque favorece la desterritorialización visual al disolver la relación natural entre cultura y territorio geográfico. En el medio rural los padres y los jóvenes valoran a la televisión porque les ofrece más que la propia escuela. En medio de la crítica académica y profesional a la televisión, los adolescentes no distinguen entre medios tradicionales y nuevos medios porque todos ellos están integrados a su vida cotidiana.
Young People’s Attitudes towards and Evaluations of Mobile TV
Authors: Méndiz-Noguero Alfonso , de-Aguilera-Moyano Miguel , Borges-Rey Eddy
Published: February 2011

Mobile communication systems are responsible for the significant changes that are taking place in cultural practices. The mobile phone has established itself as a portable, multi-use, interactive device that individuals use to enable them to manage important aspects of their work and leisure time. This article is based on research that aims to understand the phenomenon of mobile TV, the related trends (in terms of experiences, ideas, and models), and the type of user that operates this device. This article also analyses the values and perceptions of users as well as the benefits and drawbacks they encounter when using mobile TV. The study develops a mobile TV content test by using a viewing experience among 100 students from the universities of Malaga and Seville, in Spain. Structured questionnaires with closed questions are used with qualitative techniques that promote virtual discussion in forums that focuses on face-to-face groups. Altogether, the study has enabled the development of a theoretical model of the phenomenon of mobile TV, and has classified user preferences in terms of ergonomic technology, delivery dynamics, the economic value of services, and consumption patterns and scenarios. The main results focus on participants’ evaluations of mobile media narrative and the cross-platform experience.

Una porción significativa de los cambios que en la actualidad experimentan las prácticas culturales puede encontrarse en el ecosistema de las comunicaciones móviles. En este sentido, el teléfono móvil comienza a postularse como el dispositivo multiuso, portable e interactivo que los individuos utilizan en su quehacer cotidiano, ofreciéndoles la posibilidad de gestionar importantes parcelas de su tiempo productivo y de ocio. La investigación en la que descansa este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender el fenómeno de la TV móvil, qué tendencias sigue –experiencias, reflexiones, modelos–, y qué tipo de usuario se sirve de ellas; así como sus percepciones, valoraciones, ventajas e inconvenientes que encuentran. El diseño metodológico ha contemplado el testeo de la experiencia de visionar contenidos de televisión móvil en un grupo de 100 estudiantes de las Universidades de Málaga y Sevilla mediante cuestionarios estructurados de preguntas cerradas y técnicas cualitativas que comprendían foros de discusión virtuales y grupos focales presenciales. En su conjunto, el estudio ha permitido elaborar un modelo teórico sobre la televisión móvil, pero también una tipología de uso relativa a las preferencias del usuario en cuanto a la ergonomía tecnológica, dinámica de distribución, valor económico del servicio, y patrones y escenarios de consumo. Los resultados más relevantes se centran en las valoraciones que los participantes formulan sobre narrativa propia para el medio móvil y la experiencia multiplataforma.
Emotions Elicited by Television Violence
Authors: Fernández-Villanueva Concepción , Revilla-Castro Juan Carlos , Domínguez-Bilbao Roberto
Published: February 2011

The effects of TV violence have been widely studied from an experimental perspective, which, to a certain extent, neglects the interaction between broadcaster and recipient. This study proposes a complementary approach, which takes into account viewers’ interpretation and construction of TV messages. Social dimensions influencing emotional experiences to TV violence will be identified and analyzed, as well as the way these emotions are construed in discourse, how they are linked to attitudes, ethical dimensions and courses of action. Eight focus groups (segmented by age, gender and educational level) were the basis of a discourse analysis that reconstructed the way audiences experience TV violence. Results show the importance of a first immediate emotional mobilisation, with references to complex emotions, and a second emotional articulation of experiences regarding repetition of scenes (type, classification and assessment of broadcasts), legitimacy (or lack thereof) of violent acts, and identification (or lack thereof) with main characters. In conclusion, the double impact (immediate and deferred) of emotions generates complex narratives that lead to a single course of action characterised by responsibility and guilt, which can only be taken into account by assuming the active role of viewer.

Los efectos de la violencia en la televisión han sido ampliamente estudiados desde una perspectiva experimental, que soslaya en cierto modo la interacción entre emisor y receptor. El presente trabajo plantea una perspectiva complementaria que tiene en cuenta la interpretación y la elaboración que los espectadores hacen de las emisiones. Se propone identificar y analizar las dimensiones sociales que mediatizan las experiencias emocionales ante la violencia vista en televisión y cómo esas dimensiones emocionales, que se construyen en el discurso, están ligadas a actitudes, dimensiones éticas y posiciones de acción. El discurso analizado procede de ocho grupos de discusión –compuestos diferencialmente respecto al género, la edad y el nivel educativo–, que se analizaron a partir de las emociones que experimentan ante la violencia en la televisión. El análisis del discurso muestra, en primer lugar, la importancia de una primera movilización emocional, con referencias a emociones complejas y, en segundo lugar, una articulación de la experiencia emocional respecto de la repetición de escenas (modalidad, clasificación y evaluación), los actos (legitimación o no) y los personajes (identificación o desidentificación). En conclusión, el doble impacto de las emociones (inmediato y diferido) genera narrativas complejas que abocan a un único curso de acción caracterizado por la responsabilidad y la culpa, que solo puede tenerse en cuenta asumiendo el papel activo del espectador.
Education for Democratic Citizenship in a Digital Culture
Authors: Gozálvez-Pérez Vicent
Published: February 2011

Given the importance of new technologies in the classroom, especially in today’s information and communication societies, and following European Union recommendations to promote media literacy, this article reflects the need to educate not only in technical and efficient applications of communication technologies but also in their civic and responsible use, thus promoting participatory and deliberative processes which are the lifeline of a functioning democracy. The Greek dream of «isegoria», everyone’s right to speak, can become a reality in a digital culture, yet the highly selective use of communication technology can have the opposite effect: new forms of socialization can contribute to the expansion of «echo chambers» or «digital niches», shrinking communication spaces in which the right to speak dissociates itself from the responsibility to listen critically to what arises from a more open, plural and public sphere. One of the goals of education in a digital culture is precisely to diminish this trend that authors such as Sunstein, Wolton and Cortina have detected in recent years. This article proposes educational guidelines to avoid this bias by using communication technology to promote digital citizenship and the ethical values sustained by democratic societies.

Asumiendo la importancia de las nuevas tecnologías en las aulas, especialmente en las actuales sociedades de la información y la comunicación, y siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Unión Europea a favor de la alfabetización mediática, el presente trabajo reflexiona acerca de la necesidad de educar no solo en los usos técnicos y eficientes de las tecnologías comunicativas, sino también en el uso responsable y cívico de las mismas, favoreciendo así los procesos participativos y deliberativos que son el sustento de una democracia viva. El sueño griego de la «isegoría», del igual derecho de todos al uso de la palabra, puede hacerse realidad en la cultura digital, si bien es cierto que un uso hiperselectivo de la tecnología comunicativa puede producir un efecto contrario: las nuevas formas de socialización pueden contribuir a la expansión de «cámaras de eco» o «nichos digitales», es decir, espacios discursivos cada vez más reducidos en donde el derecho a decir se desvincula de la responsabilidad de escuchar críticamente lo que procede de un espacio público más abierto y plural. Una de las metas de la educación en la cultura digital es precisamente frenar esta tendencia, detectada en los últimos años por autores como Sunstein, Wolton o Cortina. En el presente artículo se proponen orientaciones educativas para evitar estos sesgos y para fomentar, mediante la tecnología comunicativa, la ciudadanía digital y los valores éticos propios de sociedades democráticas.
People with Intellectual Disability and ICTs
Authors: Gutiérrez-Recacha Pedro , Martorell-Cafranga Almudena
Published: February 2011

New technologies have dramatically changed our daily lives and the way we are connected to other people. Television, cellular telephony and the Internet have opened up new opportunities in communication, leisure and training, and yet barriers prevent certain social groups from accessing these new technologies. People with intellectual disability (ID), for instance, are often «invisible» to communication and new technology researchers. An exploratory study was made of 156 adults with ID (workers and users of the Carmen Pardo-Valcarce Foundation sheltered employment programs and workshops in Madrid, Spain) to show their patterns of new technology (cell phones, Internet and television) use. The study confirms that these patterns are similar to those expected of the general public but spe cific differences were found. Some could be attributed to the direct effects of intellectual disability, but others could result from the hypothetical stigma effect on the attitude of those close to the person with intellectual disability, which might lead to discriminatory behaviors.

Las nuevas tecnologías han introducido profundos cambios en nuestro entorno y en los modos de relacionarnos con los demás. La televisión, el teléfono móvil e Internet han abierto nuevas posibilidades de comunicación, ocio y formación para muchas personas. Pero el acceso a las nuevas tecnologías para algunos individuos o grupos sociales puede hallarse condicionado por diferentes barreras. Uno de los grupos que habitualmente resultan «invisibles» en las investigaciones sobre comunicación y nuevas tecnologías es el de las personas con discapacidad intelectual (DI). En la presente investigación han participado 156 personas adultas con DI (trabajadores y usuarios de la Fundación Carmen Pardo-Valcarce en Madrid, España). Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio exploratorio con el fin de caracterizar en términos generales los patrones de uso de las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación (Internet y teléfonos móviles) de los participantes, así como sus patrones de consumo de televisión. Como conclusión puede señalarse que las pautas de comportamiento de las personas con DI en relación a las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación, en términos generales, se aproximan a las de la población general. Solo en aspectos puntuales podemos encontrar diferencias llamativas. En algunos casos, tales diferencias pueden atribuirse directamente a la DI. Pero también es necesario tener en cuenta un posible efecto estigma actuando en las personas que rodean al individuo con DI, que puede motivar comportamientos discriminatorios.
Shell use by the hermit crab Calcinus californiensis at different levels of the intertidal zone
Authors: Arce Elsah , Alcaraz Guillermina
Published: February 2011

The gastropod shell use of the hermit crab Calcinus californiensis was studied at Troncones, Guerrero, México. Hermit crabs were captured at two different levels of the intertidal zone, in wave-protected and wave-exposed sites. C. californiensis occupied shells of 18 gastropod species. At both wave-action sites, Cantharus sanguinolentus was the most occupied shell. Columbella sp. was used more by females than by males, and Nerita scabricosta was more used by males. The frequency of use of the shells was different between the different wave sites. N. scabricosta and Columbella sp. were occupied more at the wave-protected than at the exposed sites; C. sanguinolentus and Stramonita biserialis were occupied more at the exposed sites. The hermit crabs at the wave-exposed sites occupied heavier and thicker shells compared with the crabs from the protected sites. The Olmstead-Tukey diagram showed eight shell species as dominant in the wave-protected sites, and seven in the wave-exposed sites. Ten shell species were rare in the wave-protected sites, and six in the wave-exposed sites. The rare shells occupied by the hermit crabs were relatively heavier than the dominant shells in both site types. Our results suggest that the shell weight is important in sites that are greatly affected by the hydrodynamics.
Identification of European species of Maja (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae): RFLP analyses of COI mtDNA and morphological considerations
Authors: Guerao Guillermo , Andree Karl B. , Froglia Carlo , Simeó Carles G. , Rotllant Guiomar
Published: February 2011

Four species of crabs of the genus Maja have been described along the European coast: M. brachydactyla, M. squinado, M. goltziana and M. crispata. The commercially important species M. brachydactyla and M. squinado achieve the largest body sizes and are the most similar in morphology, and are therefore easily confused. The four species of Maja were identified using a novel morphometric index and a polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). The relationship between carapace length and the distance between the tips of antorbital spines was used to distinguish adults of M. brachydactyla and M. squinado. PCR-RFLP analysis of a partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase type I (COI) revealed that the four species of the genus Maja can be unambiguously discriminated using the combination of restriction endonucleases enzymes HpyCH4V and Ase I. The molecular identification may be particularly useful in larvae, juvenile and young crabs, when the morphological differences found in adults are not applicable.
Spawning patterns of commercially important reef fish (Lutjanidae and Serranidae) in the tropical western South Atlantic
Authors: Oliveira Freitas Matheus , Leão de Moura Rodrigo , Bastos Francini-Filho Ronaldo , Viviana Minte-Vera Carolina
Published: February 2011

Although information on the spawning seasons of commercially important snappers (Lutjanidae) and groupers (Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae) is available for the north and central west Atlantic, there is little information for the tropical western South Atlantic (Brazil). As a consequence, there are few fishery regulations in this entire region that take into consideration such information. In this study, we characterized the reproductive cycles of three Epinephelinae serranids (Epinephelus morio, Mycteroperca bonaci and Cephalopholis fulva) and five lutjanids (Lutjanus synagris, L. jocu, L. analis, Ocyurus chrysurus and Rhomboplites aurorubens) that occur in the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, the largest reef complex in the tropical western South Atlantic. A total of 3528 gonads were collected from May 2005 to October 2007. Temporal variability in spawning patterns was evaluated using the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) and macroscopic analyses. The peak of reproductive activity for the three grouper species occurred between July and August. Snappers exhibited two peaks of reproductive activity, the more intense of which occurred between September and October. The other peak occurred between February and March, with the exception of the deep-dwelling species R. aurorubens, which only reproduced between February and March. Seasonal patterns were consistent over the two consecutive years that we studied, and these patterns are equivalent to those observed for the Northern Hemisphere, as are the sizes at maturity and at the time of sexual change (for the three protogynous hermaphrodite groupers). Fisheries management in this region could be significantly improved by a combination of catch and effort limitations being imposed during spawning seasons and by overall size limitations, particularly considering that most of the fish caught are generally below size at maturity. The proposed buffer zones for the marine areas that are presently protected in Abrolhos represent an opportunity for implementing both spatial (e.g. setting no-take zones that cover spawning sites) and temporal (e.g. seasonal closures during spawning peaks) management tools, using a participatory approach at the regional scale.
Oogenesis and spawn formation in the invasive lionfish, Pterois miles and Pterois volitans
Authors: Morris, Jr James A. , Sullivan Craig V. , Govoni John J.
Published: February 2011

The Indo-Pacific lionfish, Pterois miles and P. volitans, have recently invaded the U.S. east coast and the Caribbean and pose a significant threat to native reef fish communities. Few studies have documented reproduction in pteroines from the Indo-Pacific. This study provides a description of oogenesis and spawn formation in P. miles and P. volitans collected from offshore waters of North Carolina, U.S.A and the Bahamas. Using histological and laboratory observations, we found no differences in reproductive biology between P. miles and P. volitans. These lionfish spawn buoyant eggs that are encased in a hollow mass of mucus produced by specialized secretory cells of the ovarian wall complex. Oocytes develop on highly vascularized peduncles with all oocyte stages present in the ovary of spawning females and the most mature oocytes placed terminally, near the ovarian lumen. Given these ovarian characteristics, these lionfish are asynchronous, indeterminate batch spawners and are thus capable of sustained reproduction throughout the year when conditions are suitable. This mode of reproduction could have contributed to the recent and rapid establishment of these lionfish in the northwestern Atlantic and Caribbean.
Faunistic assemblages of a sublittoral coarse sand habitat of the northwestern Mediterranean
Authors: Pubill Eva , Abelló Pere , Ramón Montserrat , Baeta Marc
Published: February 2011

The sublittoral megabenthic assemblages of a northwestern Mediterranean coarse sandy beach exploited for the bivalve Callista chione were studied. The spatial and bathymetric variability of its distinctive faunal assemblages was characterised by quantitative sampling performed with a clam dredge. The taxa studied were Mollusca Bivalvia and Gastropoda, Crustacea Decapoda, Echinodermata and Pisces, which accounted for over 99% of the total biomass. Three well-differentiated species assemblages were identified: (1) assemblage MSS (Medium Sand Shallow) in medium sand (D50=0.37 mm) and shallow waters (mean depth =6.5 m), (2) assemblage CSS (Coarse Sand Shallow) in coarse sand (D50=0.62 mm) in shallow waters (mean depth =6.7 m), and (3) assemblage CSD (Coarse Sand Deep) in coarse sand (D50=0.64 mm) in deeper waters (mean depth =16.2 m). Assemblage MSS was characterised by the codominance of the bivalves Mactra stultorum and Acanthocardia tuberculata. C. chione was dominant in both density and biomass in assemblages CSS and CSD. The occurrence of the crab Thia scutellata also characterised assemblage CSS, whereas the occurrence of the sea urchin Echinocardium mediterraneum characterised assemblage CSD. A depth breaking point of around 10 m determined the discontinuity between assemblages CSS and CSD, which was related to the closure depth of the beaches in the study area. Species richness was highest in the coarse sand communities; however, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou equitability indexes were higher in the shallow fine sand community.
Treatment of Advanced Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Varanese Sara , Birnbaum Zoe , Rossi Roger , Di Rocco Alessandro
Published: February 2011

Patients at late stage Parkinson's disease (PD) develop several motor and nonmotor complications, which dramatically impair their quality of life. These complications include motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, unpredictable or absent response to medications, falls, dysautonomia, dementia, hallucinations, sleep disorders, depression, and psychosis. The therapeutic management should be driven by the attempt to create a balance between benefit and side effects of the pharmacological treatments available. Supportive care, including physical and rehabilitative interventions, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and nursing care, has a key role in the late stage of disease. In this review we discuss the several complications experienced by advance PD patients and their management. The importance of an integrative approach, including both pharmacological and supportive interventions, is emphasized.
Electrochemical Study on Corrosion Inhibition of Copper in Hydrochloric Acid Medium and the Rotating Ring-Disc Voltammetry for Studying the Dissolution
Authors: Satpati A. K. , Reddy A. V. R.
Published: February 2011

Dissolution characteristics of copper in hydrochloric acid medium and the effect of 4-amino 1,2,4-triazole (ATA) on the corrosion process have been studied using conventional electrochemical techniques and rotating ring-disc electrodes (RRDEs). Corrosion potential () and corrosion current density () were obtained by Tafel extrapolation methods. Charge transfer resistance () and double-layer capacitance () were obtained from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). ATA was shown to be an effective inhibitor for the copper-corrosion inhibition in acid medium. The corrosion rate was retarded in presence of inhibitors mainly because of the adsorption of the inhibitor on the electrode surface. Adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface was found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Standard free energy change of the adsorption process () was calculated to be −54.3 kJ mol−1; such a large negative value of suggests the prescence of a chemisorption process.
Phytic Acid Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Dopaminergic Neuron Apoptosis in Normal and Iron Excess Conditions in a Cell Culture Model
Authors: Xu Qi , Kanthasamy Anumantha G. , Reddy Manju B.
Published: February 2011

Iron may play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD) since it can induce oxidative stress-dependent neurodegeneration. The objective of this study was to determine whether the iron chelator, phytic acid (IP6) can protect against 6-hydroxydopamine- (6-OHDA-) induced apoptosis in immortalized rat mesencephalic dopaminergic cells under normal and iron-excess conditions. Caspase-3 activity was increased about 6-fold after 6-OHDA treatment (compared to control; ) and 30 μmol/L IP6 pretreatment decreased it by 38% (). Similarly, a 63% protection () against 6-OHDA induced DNA fragmentation was observed with IP6 pretreatment. Under iron-excess condition, a 6-fold increase in caspase-3 activity () and a 42% increase in DNA fragmentation () with 6-OHDA treatment were decreased by 41% () and 27% (), respectively, with 30 μmol/L IP6. Together, our data suggest that IP6 protects against 6-OHDA-induced cell apoptosis in both normal and iron-excess conditions, and IP6 may offer neuroprotection in PD.
Current Proceedings of Childhood Stroke
Authors: Fan Hueng-Chuen , Hu Chih-Fen , Juan Chun-Jung , Chen Shyi-Jou
Published: February 2011

Stroke is a sudden onset neurological deficit due to a cerebrovascular event. In children, the recognition of stroke is often delayed due to the low incidence of stroke and the lack of specific assessment measures to this entity. The causes of pediatric stroke are significantly different from that of adult stroke. The lack of safety and efficiency data in the treatment is the challenge while facing children with stroke. Nearly half of survivors of pediatric stroke may have neurologic deficits affecting functional status and quality of life. They may cause a substantial burden on health care resources. Hence, an accurate history, including onset and duration of symptoms, risk factors, and a complete investigation, including hematologic, neuroimaging, and metabolic studies is the key to make a corrective diagnosis. A prompt and optimal treatment without delay may minimize the damage to the brain.
The Pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s Disease: A Reevaluation of the “Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis”
Authors: Armstrong R. A.
Published: February 2011

The most influential theory to explain the pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s disease (AD) has been the “Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis” (ACH) first formulated in 1992. The ACH proposes that the deposition of β‐amyloid (Aβ) is the initial pathological event in AD leading to the formation of senile plaques (SPs) and then to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) death of neurons, and ultimately dementia. This paper examines two questions regarding the ACH: (1) is there a relationship between the pathogenesis of SPs and NFTs, and (2) what is the relationship of these lesions to disease pathogenesis? These questions are examined in relation to studies of the morphology and molecular determinants of SPs and NFTs, the effects of gene mutation, degeneration induced by head injury, the effects of experimentally induced brain lesions, transgenic studies, and the degeneration of anatomical pathways. It was concluded that SPs and NFTs develop independently and may be the products rather than the causes of neurodegeneration in AD. A modification to the ACH is proposed which may better explain the pathogenesis of AD, especially of late‐onset cases of the disease.
Secretory Carcinoma of Male Breast: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Gabal S. , Talaat S.
Published: February 2011

Secretory carcinoma is a rare low-grade breast carcinoma, initially termed “juvenile breast cancer,” but it is now known to occur in adults of both sexes. It is the only epithelial tumor of the breast with a balanced translocation, t(12;15), that creates an ETV6-NTRK3 gene translocation. In this paper, a 19-year-old male patient has had a right breast mass for 9 years which suddenly increased in size with no evidence of palpable axillary lymph nodes. The mass was excised for frozen section and was diagnosed as malignant growth for simple mastectomy. Microscopic examination revealed the classical features of secretory carcinoma. The tumor cells were positive for EMA and S-100 protein and focally positive for cytokeratin and ER but negative for progesterone receptor, CD34, and CEA. Four months later the patient developed ipsilateral axillary lymph node enlargement, with lymph node metastases in five of the dissected 19 lymph nodes. The patient was treated with six courses of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Conclusion. Though considered an indolent neoplasm, secretory carcinoma does metastasize to lymph nodes. Surgery in the form of mastectomy with axillary clearance is the treatment of choice. This paper includes a rare case report of secretory carcinoma in young male patient, with axillary lymph node metastasis in spite of the indolent nature that this tumor is known to display.
Heart Failure with Transient Left Bundle Branch Block in the Setting of Left Coronary Fistula
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P. , Kovell Lara C. , Childers Ryan E. , Chow Grant V. , Hirsch Glenn A.
Published: February 2011

Coronary arterial fistulas are rare communications between vessels or chambers of the heart. Although cardiac symptoms associated with fistulas are well described, fistulas are seldom considered in the differential diagnosis of acute myocardial ischemia. We describe the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with left shoulder pain, signs of heart failure, and a new left bundle branch block (LBBB). Cardiac catheterization revealed a small left anterior descending (LAD)-to-pulmonary artery (PA) fistula. Diuresis led to subjective improvement of the patient's symptoms and within several days the LBBB resolved. We hypothesize that the coronary fistula in this patient contributed to transient ischemia of the LAD territory through a coronary steal mechanism. We elected to observe rather than repair the fistula, as his symptoms and ECG changes resolved with treatment of his heart failure.
Identification of Drought-Responsive Universal Stress Proteins in Viridiplantae
Authors: Isokpehi Raphael D. , Simmons Shaneka S. , Cohly Hari H.P. , Ekunwe Stephen I.N. , Begonia Gregorio B. , Ayensu Wellington K.
Published: February 2011

Genes encoding proteins that contain the universal stress protein (USP) domain are known to provide bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and plants with the ability to respond to a plethora of environmental stresses. Specifically in plants, drought tolerance is a desirable phenotype. However, limited focused and organized functional genomic datasets exist on drought-responsive plant USP genes to facilitate their characterization. The overall objective of the investigation was to identify diverse plant universal stress proteins and Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) responsive to water-deficit stress. We hypothesize that cross-database mining of functional annotations in protein and gene transcript bioinformatics resources would help identify candidate drought-responsive universal stress proteins and transcripts from multiple plant species. Our bioinformatics approach retrieved, mined and integrated comprehensive functional annotation data on 511 protein and 1561 ESTs sequences from 161 viridiplantae taxa. A total of 32 drought-responsive ESTs from 7 plant genera Glycine, Hordeum, Manihot, Medicago, Oryza, Pinus and Triticum were identified. Two Arabidopsis USP genes At3g62550 and At3g53990 that encode ATP-binding motif were up-regulated in a drought microarray dataset. Further, a dataset of 80 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) linked to 20 singletons and 47 transcript assembles was constructed. Integrating the datasets on SSRs and drought-responsive ESTs identified three drought-responsive ESTs from bread wheat (BE604157), soybean (BM887317) and maritime pine (BX682209). The SSR sequence types were CAG, ATA and AT respectively. The datasets from cross-database mining provide organized resources for the characterization of USP genes as useful targets for engineering plant varieties tolerant to unfavorable environmental conditions.
Life after Breast Cancer: Dealing with Lymphoedema
Authors: Cidón Esther Uña , Perea Christian , López-Lara Francisco
Published: February 2011

Background

In recent years, breast cancer (BC) mortality rates have declined, reflecting advances in early detection. Prevention and management of treatment sequelae that could impair function or quality of life have increased in relevance. Lymphoedema after BC treatment is one of these sequelae. It is caused by an acquired interruption or damage to the axillary lymphatic system and it is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluids and other substances in the tissue.

Purpose

We observed a group of patients with incidents of BC aiming to estimate the lymphoedema incidence, degree, time course, symptoms and treatment they received.

Methods and Results

We evaluated 127 women. Median age was 58 years. 66% were postmenopausal. The median number of axillary nodes was 9. Over the first five years of follow-up we were informed about hand/arm swelling, thickness or tiredness by 37% of this group. The median of axillary nodes affected by metastatic cells in our patients with lymphoedema was 6. The symptoms they referred to us as the most relevant were heaviness (33%), tiredness (27%), jewelry or clothing too tight (25%), swelling and indentations (9%) and difficulty writing (6%). Several of them had psychological problems.

Conclusion

We know of the relevance of lymphoedema in BC patients but its natural history and most effective therapies are poorly understood. Self-reported symptoms are relevant to promptly start therapy.
Overview of the synoptic and pollution situation over Europe during the EUCAARI-LONGREX field campaign
Authors: Hamburger T. , McMeeking G. , Minikin A. , Birmili W. , Dall'Osto M. , O'Dowd C. , Flentje H. , Henzing B. , Junninen H. , Kristensson A. , de Leeuw G. , Stohl A. , Burkhart J. F. , Coe H. , Krejci R. , Petzold A.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. In May 2008 the EUCAARI-LONGREX aircraft field campaign was conducted within the EUCAARI intensive observational period. The campaign aimed at studying the distribution and evolution of air mass properties on a continental scale. Airborne aerosol and trace gas measurements were performed aboard the German DLR Falcon 20 and the British FAAM BAe-146 aircraft. This paper outlines the meteorological situation over Europe during May 2008 and the temporal and spatial evolution of predominantly anthropogenic particulate pollution inside the boundary layer and the free troposphere. Time series data of six selected ground stations are used to discuss continuous measurements besides the single flights. The observations encompass total and accumulation mode particle number concentration (0.1–0.8 μm) and black carbon mass concentration as well as several meteorological parameters. Vertical profiles of total aerosol number concentration up to 10 km are compared to vertical profiles probed during previous studies. During the first half of May 2008 an anticyclonic blocking event dominated the weather over Central Europe. It led to increased pollutant concentrations within the centre of the high pressure inside the boundary layer. Due to long-range transport the accumulated pollution was partly advected towards Western and Northern Europe. The measured aerosol number concentrations over Central Europe showed in the boundary layer high values up to 14 000 cm−3 for particles in diameter larger 10 nm and 2300 cm−3 for accumulation mode particles during the high pressure period, whereas the middle free troposphere showed rather low concentrations of particulates. Thus a strong negative gradient of aerosol concentrations between the well mixed boundary layer and the clean middle troposphere occurred.