bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased Brain Iron Deposition in Episodic Migraine: A Pilot Voxel-based
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping
Authors: Chen Zhiye , Li Xin , Zhao He , Liu Mengqi
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Although iron deposition has been identified as a significant migraine trigger, the key structures in episodic migraine (EM) remain unknown.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to investigate cerebral iron deposition in EM using an advanced voxel-based quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods:

A multi-echo gradient echo sequence MR was performed in 15 episodic migraine patients (EMs) and 27 normal control subjects (NCs). The reconstructed quantitative susceptibility mapping images and voxel-based analysis were performed over the entire brain. The susceptibility value of all brain regions with altered iron deposition was extracted, and the correlations between susceptibility value and clinical variables (including HAMA, HAMD, MoCA, VAS, MIDAS score, diseased duration, and headache frequency) were calculated.

Results:

EM patients presented increased susceptibility value in the left putamen and bilateral substantia nigra (SN) compared with NC. There was no correlation between susceptibility value and the clinical variables.

Conclusion:

Increased brain iron deposition in the extrapyramidal system may be a biomarker for migraine, and abnormal iron metabolism may be involved in the extrapyramidal mechanism. The QSM technique would be an optimal and simple tool for clinical practice and research in iron measurement.
Clinical Characteristics and High-resolution Computed Tomography Findings
of 805 Patients with Mild or Moderate Infection from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron
Subvariant BA.2
Authors: Pan Yu-Ning , Gu Meng-Yin , Mao Quan-Liang , Ruan Xin-Zhong , Du Xian-Feng , Gao Xiang , Chen Xue-Qin , Li Ai-Jing
Published: April 2023

Background:

COVID-19 is a global pandemic. Currently, the predominant strain is SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 in many countries. Understanding its infection characteristics can facilitate clinical management.

Objectives:

This study aimed to characterize the clinical, laboratory, and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in patients with mild or moderate infection from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective study on patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 between April 4th and April 17th, 2022. The clinical characteristics, laboratory features, and HRCT images were reviewed.

Results:

A total of 805 patients were included (411 males and 394 females, median age 33 years old). The infection was mild, moderate, severe, and asymptomatic in 490 (60.9%), 37 (4.6%), 0 (0.0%), and 278 (34.5%) patients, respectively. Notably, 186 (23.1%), 96 (11.9%), 265 (32.9%), 11 (3.4%), 7 (0.9%), and 398 (49.4%) patients had fever, cough, throat discomfort, stuffy or runny nose, fatigue, and no complaint, respectively. Furthermore, 162 (20.1%), 332 (41.2%), and 289 (35.9%) patients had decreased white blood cell counts, reduced lymphocytes, and elevated C-reactive protein levels, respectively. HRCT revealed pneumonia in 53 (6.6%) patients. The majority of the lung involvements were ground-glass opacity (50, 94.3%) mostly in the subpleural area. The grade of lung injury was mainly mild (90.6%). Short-term follow-ups showed that most patients with pneumonia recovered.

Conclusion:

Most patients with mild or moderate infection from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.2 were adults, with fever and upper respiratory symptoms as the main clinical presentations. Lower respiratory infection was mild, with ground-glass opacity in the subpleural area as the main finding.
Analysis of Various Phytoconstituents Derived from Tinospora cordifolia
(Willd.) Miers as Potential α-amylase and α-glucosidase Inhibitors for the
Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using Computational Approaches
Authors: Singh Gurpreet
Published: April 2023

Background:

Because of their biological properties, phytochemicals have been essential
to nutraceutical treatment for diabetes mellitus. Various phytoconstituents derived from Tinospora
are reported to have immunomodulatory, anti-arthritis, antioxidant, anti-allergic cardio, and oxidatively-
induced stress protection.

Objectives:

This study aimed to identify and characterize the key phytoconstituents of Tinospora
cordifolia for their anti-inhibitory effects against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in controlling
carbohydrate metabolism and potential drug molecule against Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Methods:

Based upon the literature survey, various compounds of T. cardiofolia were deduced
from Pubchem and protein structure from the protein data bank. Virtual screening used Pyrx with
α- amylase and α- glucosidase. Compounds with the highest binding affinity score and 3-d interaction
analysis were used to identify the potential inhibitors among various compounds. Pharmacokinetic
studies for drug likeliness and toxicity properties were characterized using SWISS ADME and
ADMETSAR webservers

Results:

Based on their docking scores and binding affinities,, the biologically active compounds
from T. cardifolia viz were observed. Isocolumbin, cordifoliside B, β-sitosterol, ecdysone, palmitoside
E, Columbin and cordifoliside C interact with the active site amino acids of both the enzymes.
Drug-likeness and pharmacophore studies showed that potential anti α- amylase and α- glucosidase
inhibitors

Conclusion:

The compounds' efficacy of the screened phytoconstituents from T.cardifolia as prospective
therapeutic candidates can be due to their great affinity for the enzymes' catalytic region,
which can cause a conformation change and result in a reduction in enzyme activity. This study's
findings might indicate a way to create a new class of drugs.
Studying the Adsorption Process of Cadmium Ions by Fe3O4/Lmethionine/
graphene Oxide and Graphene Aerogel Nanocomposites from
Aqueous Environments
Authors: Abbasi Nooshin , Azar Parviz Aberoomand , Tehrani Mohammad Saber , Aliabad Javad Mokhtari
Published: April 2023

Background:

In recent years, graphene oxide (GO) and its nanocomposites have shown effective
performance in wastewater treatment. Moreover, graphene aerogels (GAs) have excellent properties,
such as high surface area, high porosity, low density, high electrical conductivity, and good mechanical
properties, due to the combination of three-dimensional porous structures and excellent properties of graphene.

Methods:

In this study, synthesis of Fe3O4/L-methionine and graphene oxide and graphene aerogel nanocomposites
(Fe3O4/L-Met, Fe3O4/L-Met/GO, Fe3O4/L-Met/GA) was performed. Then, the synthesized
nanocomposites were confirmed by FT-IR, SEM and BET analyses. The adsorption capacity of cadmium
ion by methionine nanocomposites and the effect of various experimental parameters, such as contact
time, initial metal ion concentration, and initial pH, on the adsorption process were investigated.

Results:

The results showed that Fe3O4/L-Met at pH 7 was suitable for Cd (II) removal with 90% removal
efficiency. In addition, adsorption capacity experiments at a constant concentration of 50 ppm Cd2+
showed that more than 50% of Cd2+ ions could be adsorbed by Fe3O4/L-Met and reach equilibrium within
2 hours.

Conclusion:

Thus, Fe3O4/L-Met/GA showed high adsorption capacity towards Cd2+ (212.31 mg/g),
which was significantly higher than Fe3O4/L-Met (201.23 mg/g). Finally, adsorption kinetics and isotherm
studies were investigated. Adsorption data showed excellent fit with quasi-second order models
(R2> 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm models.
Solubility Enhancement and Antioxidant Potential of Silymarin: A Poorly
Water-soluble Drug
Authors: Arora Deepshi , Taneja Yugam , Dhingra Ashwani K. , Guarve Kumar , Chauhan Muskan , Nagpal Kajal
Published: April 2023

Background:

Silymarin is extracted from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), exhibits antioxidant properties, and is considered to treat numerous hepatic ailments like chronic liver
disease, cirrhosis, and chemical degradation of liver cells and prevent hepatotoxicity from various
drugs.

Objective:

The objective of the present study was to preclude the problem of poor dissolution of the
relatively water-insoluble drug by formulating solid dispersions of the drug.

Methods:

Solid dispersions of silymarin were prepared by solvent evaporation method by using different polymers, i.e., PEG 6000 and poloxamer 407, in various ratios such as 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6. The
compatibility of ingredients with the drug was tested by using Differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), X-Ray Diffractometry, and Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The scavenging
activity of DPPH (2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical was used to study the antioxidant activity,
and an in vitro release study was conducted using phosphate buffer pH 6.8 as dissolution medium followed by the kinetic assessment to study the drug release mechanism.

Results:

Solid dispersions with different polymers were successfully prepared by the solvent evaporation method. FTIR spectroscopy and DSC showed no chemical interaction between the drug and
polymers. Powder XRD analyses of optimized solid dispersions showed a relative decrease in
crystallinity compared to the pure drug. The dissolution profile of solid dispersions successfully
exhibited 90.78% drug released, and the optimized batch was found to follow Higuchi drug release
kinetics with an R2 value of 0.990. Furthermore, the optimized formulation F6 showed higher
antioxidant activity compared to pure silymarin and ascorbic acid.

Conclusion:

The elevated bioavailability, as well as absorption, consistently regulates the specific
therapeutic effect of the water-insoluble drug. The specific response of silymarin to various bodily
functions upgrades various activities like anti-aging effects, anti-cancer, antihypertensive, etc. Solid
dispersion of drugs with good aqueous solubility results in a decrease in dose frequency and enhanced
specificity of the drug mechanism.
New Insights into Microglia as Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mandlik Deepa S. , Mandlik Satish K. , Choudhary Heena B.
Published: April 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, accounting for
60–70% of dementia cases globally. Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by microglia
is a common characteristic of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Parkinson's disease and AD.
Research has recently examined the relationship between neurodegenerative diseases and CNS microglia.
Microglial cells comprise 10–15% of all CNS cells and are brain-resident myeloid cells mediating
critical processes to support the CNS. Microglia have a variety of receptors that operate as molecular
sensors, detecting exogenous and endogenous CNS injuries and triggering an immune response.
Microglia serve as brain guardians by boosting phagocytic clearance and providing trophic
support to enable tissue repair and maintain cerebral homeostasis, in addition to their traditional immune
cell activity. At rest, microglia manage CNS homeostasis by phagocytic action, which removes
pathogens and cell debris. Microglia cells that have been "resting" convert into active cells that create
inflammatory mediators, protecting neurons and protecting against invading pathogens. Neuronal
damage and neurodegenerative disorders are caused by excessive inflammation. Different microglial
cells reply at different phases of the disease can lead to new therapy options and reduced inflammatory
activity. This review focuses on the potential function of microglia, microglia subtypes, and M1/M2
phenotypic changes associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Microglial membrane receptors, the
involvement of microglia in neuroinflammation, microglial targets in AD and the double role of microglia
in AD pathogenesis are also discussed in this review.
A Novel Hybrid IGSA-BPSO Optimized FOPID Controller for Load Frequency
Control of Multi-source Restructured Power System
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Gupta Deepak Kumar , Ghatak Sriparna Roy
Published: April 2023

Background:

An investigation of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for a two-area,
multi-source, interconnected power system under deregulation is presented in this article. For a
more realistic approach, physical constraints namely Generation Rate Constraints (GRC) and Time
Delay (TD) are incorporated into the system.

Objective:

This article proposed a novel hybrid Improved Gravitational Search Algorithm – Binary
Particle Search Optimization (IGSA-BPSO) optimized Fractional Order Proportional-Integral-
Derivative (FOPID) controller to regulate the frequency of a multi-area multi-source (thermalhydro-
gas) interconnected power system in a deregulated environment.

Methods:

Integral Time Multiplied by Absolute Error (ITAE) is used as the objective function to be
minimized by optimization techniques for getting optimum parameters of FOPID controllers installed
in each area.

Results:

To inspect the efficacy of the suggested method, the dynamics of the system are investigated
for poolco, bilateral and contract violation cases and the comparative results are also presented
and analyzed. The supremacy of the recommended technique is studied by comparing with other
well-known techniques namely GSA and PSO.

Conclusion:

The robustness of the proposed system is examined by sensitivity analysis after variations
in different system parameters. In this paper, the AC-DC tie-line model is incorporated for the
AGC mechanism. Dynamic load changes condition is also tested and verified. The study found that
the proposed controller provides improved system dynamics in all competitive electricity market
contract situations under varied system uncertainties.
A Comparative Study of the Performances of the LQR Regulator versus
the PI Regulator for the Control of a Battery Storage System
Authors: Nouri Achraf , Lachheb Aymen , El Amraoui Lilia
Published: April 2023

Background:

This paper is consecrated to the development of a new approach to control
a bidirectional DC-DC converter dedicated to battery storage systems by applying an optimal control
based on a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) combined with an artificial neural network (ANN)
algorithm. A state representation of the Buck-boost converter is performed. Then the ANN-LQR
control strategy is compared to a classical control based on the proportional-integral controller
combined with an ANN algorithm. The ANN algorithm generates the reference charging or discharging
current based on a comparison between the power generated and the power consumed. In
order to obtain an accurate comparison, two identical systems are designed, each consisting of a
photovoltaic system optimized by an incremental conductance algorithm (INC) that powers a dynamic
load and a backup storage system consisting of a lithium-ion battery. A management and
protection algorithm is developed to protect the batteries from overcharge and deep discharge and
to manage the load availability on the DC bus. The simulation results show an improvement in the
performances of the storage system by the ANN-LQR control compared to the ANN-PI method
and an increase in the stability, accuracy, efficiency of the system is observed.

:

Photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most promising technologies for combating climate change
and meeting the urgent need for green renewable energy and long-term development. PV energy
generation has a number of advantages: Solar energy is limitless and available anywhere on the
planet. However, photovoltaic energy is intermittent and depends on meteorological conditions; also,
the energy consumed is unpredictable. For this reason, a storage system is necessary to overcome
these problems.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to develop an optimal control using a Linear Quadratic
Regulator (LQR) combined with a neural network algorithm (ANN) to improve the performance of
an electrical energy storage system and compare the results obtained with the classical control
based on the PI regulator.

Methods:

The state representation of the bidirectional Buck-boost converter was performed in order
to apply the optimal control and determine the gain K and the ANN algorithm allowed to determine
the charge and discharge current according to a comparison between the power produced
and consumed.

Results:

The simulation results obtained by two control methods can be used to compare and select
the appropriate control method to achieve optimal efficiency of the storage system.

Conclusion:

The combined ANN-LQR technique offer better performances and stability of the installation compared to the ANN-PI controller.
Research needs for cementitious building materials with focus on Europe
Authors: Scrivener Karen , Ben Haha Mohsen , Juilland Patrick , Levy Christophe
Published: April 2023

The needs for research on cementitious materials are reviewed with a focus on Europe. These are considered under 8 topics: clinker production, alternatives to Portland cement, composite cements based on Portland clinker, concrete, admixtures, durability, recycling, digitisation in concrete construction, and, carbon capture and use or storage; finally, the key research questions and their potential for CO2 reduction are summarised in a “Watermelon” diagram with a list of 30 key questions to be addressed (see Appendix).
Investigation of thermophysical processes of obtaining various aluminum matrix composites
Authors: Myl'nikov V.V.  , Pronin A.I.  , Myl'nikova M.V.  , Romanova E.A.  , Shetulov D.I.
Published: April 2023

The possibilities of obtaining aluminum matrix composite materials of the composition Al-Al2O3 are considered by the method of liquid-phase oxidation of aluminum by purging the melt with oxygen. The obtained materials are a two-phase system with different concentrations of the solid phase. An algorithm for calculating the kinetics of aluminum oxidation in obtaining the oxide phase of an aluminum matrix composite is proposed. It is established that the beginning and completeness of the reaction on the surface of the gas bubble determines the synthesis of the oxide phase and is determined by the functions T(t), h(t) in the region of dynamic time delay, which, in turn, the queue is revealed as a function of the temperature in the contact zone of the gas bubble with the melt, taking into account the duration of the heating of the bubble along the cross section and the radius of the bubble itself. The microstructures of the obtained materials with different structural-phase state with variations in the time of purging and oxygen supply to the aluminum melt are presented. Keywords: aluminum matrix composite material, high temperature oxidation, gas bubble.
Enhancement of the method of A.N. Ivanov for flows with free boundaries (to the 100th anniversary of Ivanov's birth)
Authors: E. L. Amromin
Published: April 2023

The analysis of flows with free boundaries is a non-linear problem, since their forms are not known in advance and must be found. The described method is effective for various problems with various dynamic conditions on free boundaries. This iterative method is based on the quasi-linearization of the boundary conditions for the velocity potential proposed by A.N. Ivanov in 1962. The iterations include the successive solutions of the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind (allowing to determine the pressure over a known boundary) and singular integral equations (to correct the boundary shape). Here both the general formulation of the method and its development for specific types of flows are presented, as well as numerous examples of solutions for them. Keywords: cavitation, waves, quasi-linearization, iterations.
On the Formation of the Trajectory of Propagation of Laser Radiation in the Anderson Differential Cell
Authors: Goldberg A. A.  , Davydov R. V.  , Kochetkov I. D.  , Davydov V. V.  , D.S. Provodin
Published: April 2023

The necessity of studying the nature of the propagation of the maximum of the laser radiation pattern in the Anderson differential cell is substantiated. A new technique has been developed for conducting these studies, which takes into account all factors when constructing the trajectory of the maximum laser radiation in the cuvette, as well as outside it (up to the sensor of the photodiode line, on which the radiation is recorded). For the first time, an equation was derived to study the change in the nature of the propagation trajectory of the maximum of laser radiation in the Anderson cell, and beyond it, depending on its various parameters, the values of the refractive indices of the reference ns and the liquid medium under study, nm. The results of checking the reliability of the developed equation are presented. For the first time, a 12th degree polynomial was obtained for Anderson's differential cell with respect to the refractive index of the medium under study to obtain an analytical solution of the developed equation. This solution will provide additional information about the physics of the processes under consideration and the relationships between different quantities. Keywords: laser radiation, refraction, liquid, refractive index, Anderson cell, spread trajectory, equation, polynomial.
Peculiarities of the formation of a filamentary structure of a microwave discharge in an argon flow
Authors: Sintsov S.V.  , Vodopyanov A.V.  , Stepanov A.N.  , Mansfeld D.A.  , Chekmarev N.V.  , Preobrazhensky E.I.  , Murzanev A.A.  , Romashkin A.V.
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the spatial structure of a microwave discharge maintained in an argon flow by gyrotron radiation in a continuous mode with a frequency of 24 GHz at atmospheric pressure. In the structure of the plasma plume, stationary filamentary channels are observed, elongated along the direction of the argon flow, regardless of the orientation of the external electric field of the wave, surrounded by a diffusion halo. Measurements of the electron density, vibrational and rotational temperatures of gas molecules in plasma filaments have been carried out. The role of gas-dynamic mechanisms responsible for the formation of the inhomogeneous static structure of the plasma torch and the maintenance of a substantially nonequilibrium distribution of temperature characteristics in the discharge is discussed. Keywords: high-pressure microwave discharge, plasma torch, argon, filamentous plasma channels, filaments.
Changing the parameters of vacancy formation and self-diffusion in various polymorphic modifications of iron
Authors: Magomedov M. N.
Published: April 2023

The activation parameters for various iron structures were calculated by the analytical method based on the paired four-parameter Mie-Lennard-Jones interatomic interaction potential. Within the framework of a single method, all the activation processes parameters were calculated: Gibbs energy, enthalpy, entropy and volume for both the process of electroneutral vacancy formation and for the process of atom self-diffusion. The isobaric temperature dependences of the indicated activation parameters for BCC and FCC iron structures from T=10 to 1810 K along two isobars: P=0 and 10 GPa were calculated. It is shown that at the α-γ transition temperature (1184 K), the activation parameters decrease during the isobaric transition from the BCC to the FCC structure. At the γ-delta transition temperature (1667 K), the activation parameters increase during the transition from the FCC to the BCC structure. With increasing pressure, the jumps magnitude for the Gibbs energy and the enthalpy of the activation process increases, and for the entropy and volume of the activation process decreases. It is shown that, at low temperatures, due to quantum regularities, activation parameters strongly depend on temperature, and the entropy of activation processes in this region is negative. In the high temperature region, a good agreement has been obtained with the experimental estimates of activation parameters for different iron structures known from the literature. Keywords: vacancy, self-diffusion, interatomic potential, iron, structure, phase transition.
Tuning the luminescence of thin nanocrystalline CsPbBr-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- perovskite films during the in situ anion exchange reaction
Authors: Gulevich D.G.  , Tkach A. A.  , Nabiev I. R.  , Krivenkov V. A.  , Samokhvalov P. S.
Published: April 2023

Inorganic perovskite CsPbX3 nanocrystals (PNCs), where X is a halide anion, are currently promising materials for a wide range of optoelectronic devices. One of the key tasks to be solved before they are used in practice is to obtain stable thin PNC films whose luminescence wavelength could be finely tuned. The chemical composition of CsPbX3 PNCs is the main parameter determining their band gap width and, hence, the position of their photoluminescence maximum. Variation of the PNC composition in the course of their synthesis or postsynthetic treatment in solution makes it possible to obtain CsPbBr(3-x)Ix and CsPbBr(3-y)Cly materials emitting in the entire visible spectral range. In addition, these PNCs are more structurally stable than CsPbCl3 and CsPbI3 ones. However, most exchange reactions in solution reported in published studies are spontaneous and poorly controllable. In this study, the anion exchange reaction is proposed to be carried out directly on the formed thin film of CsPbBr3 incorporated in the matrix of a copolymer of methyl and lauryl methacrylates. The exchange reactions with octadecylammonium iodide and PbI2 leading to a shift of the photoluminescence maxima to longer wavelengths by 130 and 137 nm within 15 and 6 min, respectively. The study also shows the possibility of carrying out an ion exchange reaction on a substrate mimicking the real structure of a light-emitting diode. Keywords: inorganic perovskite nanocrystals, anion exchange, thin films, photoluminescence.
Efficacy of a Mobile Phone–Based Intervention on Health Behaviors and HIV/AIDS Treatment Management: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Tran Bach Xuan , Bui Thu Minh , Do Anh Linh , Boyer Laurent , Auquier Pascal , Nguyen Long Hoang , Nguyen Anh Hai Tran , Ngo Toan Van , Latkin Carl A , Zhang Melvyn W B , Ho Cyrus S H , Ho Roger C M
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is considered the most important intervention for HIV-positive patients; thus, encouraging the use of and adherence to ART are vital to HIV treatment outcomes. Advances in web and mobile technologies hold potential in supporting HIV treatment management.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a theory-based mobile health (mHealth) intervention on health behaviors and HIV treatment adherence among patients with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam.

METHODS

We performed a randomized controlled trial on 425 HIV patients in two of the largest HIV clinics in Hanoi, Vietnam. Both the intervention group (238 patients) and the control group (187 patients) received regular consultations with doctors and then participated in 1-month and 3-month follow-up visits. Patients in the intervention group received a theory-driven smartphone app to facilitate medication adherence and self-efficacy in HIV patients. Measurements were developed based on the Health Belief Model, which included the visual analog scale of ART Adherence, HIV Treatment Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale, and HIV Symptom Management Self-Efficacy Scale. We also included the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess patients’ mental health throughout treatment.

RESULTS

In the intervention group, the adherence score increased significantly (β=1.07, 95% CI .24-1.90) after 1 month, whereas the HIV adherence self-efficacy was significantly higher after 3 months (β=2.17, 95% CI 2.07-2.27) compared to the control group. There was a positive but low level of change in risk behaviors such as drinking, smoking, and drug use. Factors related to positive change in adherence were being employed and having stable mental well-being (lower PHQ-9 scores). Factors associated with self-efficacy in treatment adherence and symptom management were gender, occupation, younger age, and having no other underlying conditions. A longer duration of ART increased treatment adherence but decreased self-efficacy in symptom management.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study demonstrated that the mHealth app could improve the overall ART adherence self-efficacy of patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to support our findings.

CLINICALTRIAL

Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20220928003; https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20220928003
Home-based cognitive intervention through asking robots questions: A randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Tokunaga Seiki , Sekiguchi Takuya , Watanabe Miura Kumi , Sugimoto Hikaru , S. Abe Masato , Tamura Kazuhiro , Kishimoto Taishiro , Kudo Takashi , Otake-Matsuura Mihoko
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Asking questions is common in conversation, and while asking questions, we need to listen carefully to what others say and consider the perspective our questions adopt. However, difficulties remain in verifying its effect on older adults’ cognitive function owing to the lack of a standardized system to conduct experiments in daily life.

OBJECTIVE

This study examined the intervention effect of cognitive training moderated by robots on healthy older adults. In the intervention program, the participants listened to a story related to a photo displayed on the tablet screen and subsequently asked questions about it to the robots within a predetermined time. A focus on the feasibility of the intervention at the participant's home was also maintained.

METHODS

We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 81 adults over 65 years of age.
Participants were randomized into two groups: the intervention group received sessions where participants listened to photo-integrated stories and asked questions to the robots (n=40), and the control group received sessions where participants listened to photo-integrated stories and only thanked the robots for confirming participation (n=41). The participants participated in 12 dialogue sessions for 2-3 weeks. Cognitive functioning scores measured before and after the intervention were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

The improvement in category fluency in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group (P = .09), which is partially consistent with previous studies. There was no significant intervention effect on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Japanese score (P = .31). Additionally, our study was completed with no loss of participants at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

We confirmed that the intervention program has a potentially reliable cognitive training effect on category fluency in healthy older adults. The feasibility of home-based interventions was also demonstrated, and we identified issues that need to be improved in the future, such as setting up more efficient session themes for cognitive training to develop more effective intervention programs.

CLINICALTRIAL

The studies are registered at Clinical Trials (UMIN000039489)
The future of Biochemistry educators in the face of ChatGPT: adapt or perish? (Preprint)
Authors: Tume Fernando , Olivares-Etchebaster Marysol , Acevedo-Espinola Román
Published: April 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Language models, such as ChatGPT will revolutionize the educational sector worldwide. Here, we express an opinion about the future of biochemistry educators in the face of ChatGPT.
Toward Community-Based Natural Language Processing (CBNLP): Cocreating With Communities (Preprint)
Authors: Pillai Malvika , Griffin Ashley C , Kronk Clair A , McCall Terika
Published: April 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Rapid development and adoption of natural language processing (NLP) techniques has led to a multitude of exciting and innovative societal and health care applications. These advancements have also generated concerns around perpetuation of historical injustices and that these tools lack cultural considerations. While traditional health care NLP techniques typically include clinical subject matter experts to extract health information or aid in interpretation, few NLP tools involve community stakeholders with lived experiences. In this perspective paper, we draw upon the field of community-based participatory research, which gathers input from community members for development of public health interventions, to identify and examine ways to equitably involve communities in developing health care NLP tools. To realize the potential of community-based NLP (CBNLP), research and development teams must thoughtfully consider mechanisms and resources needed to effectively collaborate with community members for maximal societal and ethical impact of NLP-based tools.
Technological Innovations and Data-Driven Support for Older Adults (Preprint)
Authors: Jiang Yun , Wang Jinjiao
Published: April 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Entering a new digital era where novel devices and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence, are playing an incredible role with significant impact on health and health care delivery, JMIR Aging commits to supporting the community of patients and families, clinicians, and scientists to improve the efficiency, equity, and effectiveness of older adult care through the dissemination of cutting-edge evidence.
The role of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle) as soil protectant in improving soil physical, chemical, and biological properties
Authors: Roeswitawati Dyah , Ahmad Zamzami Faizal , Machmudi Machmudi
Published: April 2023

One of the aquatic weeds inhibiting agricultural production is hydrilla. The plants are simply removed not far from the bunds to prevent them from competing with cultivated plants. However, hydrilla can be used to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. As an indicator of production, chili plants were planted in the trial field in Purworejo Village, Ngantang Sub-district, Malang District from October 2020 to January 2021 to test the dose of hydrilla compost. The treatments tested consisted of hydrilla compost doses of 5 t.ha⁻¹ (P₁), 10 t.ha⁻¹ (P₂), 15 t.ha⁻¹ (P₃), and 20 t.ha⁻¹ (P₄), and NPK (16:16:16) inorganic fertilizer dose of 250 kg.ha⁻¹ (P₅) as control. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference (F<0.05) in the number of flower results. Meanwhile, there was a significant effect on the number of fruits, fruit weight, and percentage of flowers into fruits (F>0.05). Hydrilla compost contained 17.3% organic C element, while the inorganic fertilizer contained 4.27%. Hydrilla compost contained decomposing microorganisms, including Pseudomonas luorescent group, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. The optimum dose of hydrilla compost for chili plants is 20 t.ha⁻¹.
Summary of Carbon Emission Statistics and Measurement of Transportation Industry
Authors: Zhen LI , Qian-qian MA , Li-xuan WANG , Lei ZHANG
Published: April 2023

Transportation is a critical area for China to achieve its goal of carbon neutrality. A successful national climate plan and the overall development of a strong transportation nation are tied to achieving the carbon peak and carbon neutrality in transportation. This study first sorts out the statistical boundaries and methods of carbon emissions. Secondly, it introduces the measurement methods of carbon emissions in the transportation industry, including the emission factor method and the full life cycle method. Thirdly, the research on influencing factors of carbon emissions in the transportation industry is reviewed from four aspects: economy, transportation industry itself, technology, and others, and relevant research on carbon emission prediction methods in the transportation industry is summarized. Finally, the limitations of existing research are analyzed, and future research on carbon emissions statistics and measurement in the transportation industry is prospected.
The effect of planting scheme and fertilizer rates on the quality of sugar beet
Authors: Hasanali Asad Aslanov
Published: April 2023

Sugar beet is a crop of huge national economic importance. The beetroot plant shows great sensitivity to the abiotic factors especially to fertility of the soil. The lack of nutrients in the soil where this plant is grown weakens its normal development and significantly reduces its yield. Therefore, the present research work was planned to assess the impact of planting schemes and mineral fertilizer norms on the quality production of sugar beet. Research works were carried out in 2021-2022 with Caucasian variety of sugar beet on irrigated gray-brown soils. The field experiments were laid out under different plnating schemes and fertilizer application rates. In case of 50x20 cm planting scheme without fertilizer (control); dry matter 21.4%, sugar 15.6%, protein 5.38%, fat 0.61%, cellulose 5.69%, ash 4, 46% and nitrate nitrogen 147.5 mg/kg in wet mass, respectively were recorded in background (P120K90) variant; 15.9%; 5.85%; 0.65%; 5.77%; 4.53% and 163.8 mg/kg.The quality indicators of sugar beet, as well as root and fruit crops, increased significantly compared to the control and background (P120K90) variants in the increased rates of nitrogen fertilizer along with the background. The highest quality indicators were observed in the background+N90 variant, respectively 24.9%; 17.9%; 6.21%; 0.76%; 6.05%; 4.71% and 183.0 mg/kg. In the 50x20 cm planting scheme, which has more food space, the quality indicators were higher in each of the studied options than in the 50x10 cm and 50x15 cm planting schemes, depending on the mineral fertilizer norms. 0.8-3.5% dry matter, 0.3-2.3% sugar, 0.47-0.83% protein, 0.04-0.15% fat, cellulose 0.08-0.36%, ash by 0.07-0.25% and nitrate nitrogen increased by 16.3-45.7 mg/kg in wet weight. The amount of nitrates in the root fruits of sugar beet was much less than the permissible limit (250 mg/kg in wet weight). It is concluded that the highest indicators were obtained in the background+N90 and 50x20 cm planting scheme
Application of results from representative and experimental basins
Authors: Representative and Experimental Basins Working Group on
Published: April 2023

In this Casebook, a wide range of problems concerning the application of results from representative and experimental basins is considered on the basis of new methods for calculation, generalization and extrapolation of data including experimental studies, statistical processing, mathematical modelling and space techniques. The information in this book is presented under three general themes: (I) Estimation of water resources characteristics; (2) Assessment of effects of man's activities; and (3) Application to development and management. As noted by the editor "the best management tool is an adequate understanding of the interaction which occur within the hydrological cycle of the basin and an appreciation of the manner in which land use changes will modify the cycle ... " In each section of this book a great variety of techniques for analyses are presented based upon experiences from around the world.
Artificial Intelligence in Weapon Systems: The Overview
Authors: . Shubham
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized modern weapon systems, offering increased speed, accuracy, and efficiency in military operations. However, the use of AI-based weapon systems raises significant ethical, legal, and operational challenges which needs to be fulfilled in development of AI based weapon system. This System have a vast history from guided missiles to autonomous weapon system, which makes its background more innovative. Also, these systems must comply with the principles and rules of IHL to ensure that they are used in a responsible and safe manner and do not cause unnecessary harm to civilians or civilian objects. The involvement of humans in the decision-making process is essential, there are limitations to this involvement that must be addressed through effective human-machine interfaces and other technological solutions It has a unended technological overview which consists of combination of machine learning algorithms, big data analytics, and advanced sensor technologies. Autonomous operation is a key feature of AI-based weapon systems, posing important questions regarding accountability and the risk of unintended consequences. The design of such systems must ensure they adhere to international laws and norms, as well as being reliable and safe. Machine learning algorithms and advanced sensor technologies, such as electro-optical and infrared sensors, are critical components of these systems, allowing them to analyse data and track targets precisely.
The Characteristics of Mortgage Rights through the Chinese Civil Code
Authors:   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea, Lee Young Soo
Published: April 2023

The analysis in this study is the contents of the characteristics of mortgage rights revealed in the Chinese Civil Code. The mortgage system plays an important role in the process of economic development by enabling individuals or companies in need of funds to obtain credit by providing certain collateral for financing. This study has great significance in that it analyzed the core contents of the mortgage rights stipulated in the Civil Code for the first time in Korea.
It is also characteristic that China, unlike Korea, widely recognizes the object of mortgage by using the term 'mortgage property', which includes movables. In addition, although it is not yet regulated in our civil law, the fact that China has accepted and implemented the floating charge system, which is being implemented in advanced countries, has many implications for us. In China, buildings can be the object of mortgage, but land is unique in that only land use rights, not land ownership, are the object of mortgage.
In particular, the Civil Code supplemented provisions related to land contract management rights, a property right unique to China, in order to protect the stability of life and the minimum basic right to live for farmers, who account for half of China's population. In this respect, the Civil Code seems to reflect the intention to protect the rights of farmers, and to revitalize the rural economy. Such differences in mortgage systems between Korea and China are fundamentally derived from differences in the political and economic systems of the two countries.
Lastly, the Civil Code is evaluated as an 'encyclopedia of social life' because it establishes rules for basic conduct in the process of individual participation in social and economic life and deals with many contents related to social life. Therefore, individuals and foreign corporations doing business in China have to understand the mortgage system which have a very important meaning in the course of economic activities.
A Study on Spatial Form Characteristics of Zaha Hadid‘s Architectural Works from the Perspective of Fractal Geometry: Focusing on the architectural works built after the 2000s
Authors:   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea, Kim Joo Hyang , Lee Keun Taek
Published: April 2023

This study utilizes fractal geometry, which is evaluated as a new alternative in the field of science, to interpret and apply complex and diverse architectural phenomena in the field of architectural design to create multi-dimensional space forms and respond to users' unpredictable and flexible demands. We want to explore the possibilities of whether it can be used with various algorithms that can be used.
In this process, we tried to understand the concept, characteristics, and compositional principles of fractal geometry, and to interpret the creation process of spatial forms in Zaha Hadid's architectural works erected after the 2000s from the perspective of fractal geometry. In addition, we tried to explore the possibility of application to contemporary architecture by proposing the aspects of the architect's fractal characteristics through diagrams and analyzing the proportion of utilization of various algorithms to propose them as a mechanism for creating spatial forms.
A Study on the Effect of Changes in the National Housing Affordability Index (HAI) on the Local Housing Sales Market
Authors:   Residential Environment Institute Of Korea, Ku Jeong Ah , Kim Sung Gil , Lee Youg Hee
Published: April 2023

This study analyzed the effect of changes in the national housing purchasing power index on the local housing sales market, which is recognized as a heterogeneous market with the metropolitan area. The analysis method used the Vector Error Correction Model in consideration of the time-series observation characteristics of the main variables of this study. The summary and implications of this study are as follows.
First, if housing prices in the metropolitan area soar and housing investors' investment capacity in the metropolitan area decreases, it is estimated that they are interested in the local housing market with relatively high price benefits. In particular, the effect of the change in housing purchasing power is expected to occur mainly in the housing market in local hub cities. Second, it can be seen that the local housing market is most affected by income increase through economic growth in the long run. Third, the total population of Jeollabuk-do is expected to gradually flow out due to the concentration of the economy in the metropolitan area, and the trend of aging is expected to increase rapidly. However, Jeonju, a hub city, is expected to show a significant difference in the housing sales market depending on regional characteristics, such as the continuous influx of population. Finally, unlike the results of a study conducted on the housing market in the Seoul metropolitan area, changes in major macroeconomic variables such as interest rates excluding economic growth did not have a significant effect. This result is judged to be because local housing prices have a very low price level compared to the metropolitan area, so the merit as investment goods or inflation hedging is not high.
A INFLUÊNCIA DOS CUIDADOS PERIODONTAIS SOBRE OS BIOMARCADORES INFLAMATÓRIOS DE PACIENTES COM COVID-19
Authors: Benevides de Moraes Luis Eduardo , Tavares de Souza Natalia , Lamy Julia
Published: April 2023

A infecção causada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), denominada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como COVID-19 é capaz de provocar complicações graves em seres humanos, tais como Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG), tromboembolismo venoso, alterações cardiovasculares, lesões hepática e renal agudas, entre outras que podem levar à hospitalização e mortalidade do indivíduo. O mecanismo responsável por estas complicações seria uma suposta resposta hiperinflamatória do organismo que leva ao aumento de biomarcadores inflamatórios sanguíneos. Algumas condições de saúde como hipertensão arterial, diabetes, obesidade e doença renal crônica são apontadas como fatores de risco capazes de aumentar a morbidade da doença. Neste contexto, a literatura científica da atualidade sugere a associação entre a má qualidade de saúde bucal dos pacientes e o aparecimento destas doenças. Quadros infecciosos bucais como a doença periodontal crônica também são supostamente responsáveis por um aumento destes biomarcadores inflamatórios. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar, a partir de uma revisão da literatura disponível, o impacto dos cuidados de saúde bucal sobre os biomarcadores inflamatórios de pacientes portadores de COVID-19 hospitalizados. 
Palavras-chaves: COVID-19; Saúde Bucal; Biomarcadores; Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.