bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Interaction of Cationic Gemini Surfactant with Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Lu Xiaohao , Lin Liangliang , Xu Hujun , Gao Haiyan
Published: February 2021

In the present study, the interaction of the anionic polymer sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) with the two cationic gemini surfactant (C12-(EO)-E-C12 and C12-(EO)2-E-C12) has been investigated by surface tension and turbidity measurements. The co-adsorption of the polymer and the surfactants as well as the formation of highly surface-active polymer-surfactant complex was observed. By inserting the surface tension data into the Gibbs equation it could be shown that the surface layers of the mixed solutions have a multi-level adsorption structure. Comparing the critical adsorption concentration (C1), the critical saturation concentration (C2) and the critical micelle formation concentration (C3) of mixtures with different concentrations, it can be seen that all variables increase with the increase in polymer concentration. In addition, the inorganic salt (NaBr) greatly influences the C1, C2 and C3. The salt effects depend on the competition between the salt-enhancing effect and the salt-shielding effect.
Preparation of a Gemini Surfactant from Mixed Fatty Acid and its Use in Cosmetics
Authors: Datir Kirti , Shinde Harshada , Pratap Amit P.
Published: February 2021

Among the surfactants, dimeric surfactants represent a niche group with multifunctional properties. In this work a modified gemini surfactant was synthesized using symmetrical fatty acids. Due to the spacers used to combine the two symmetrical monomers, the synthesized gemini surfactant is cationic. The structure of the compound was confirmed with 1H-NMR. The most advantageous property of the gemini surfactant is that it has a lower surface tension, i. e. less than 35 mNm–1 at 25°C, compared to monomeric surfactants. The surface tension was determined with a Kyowa tensiometer. The CMC (critical micelle formation concentration) was calculated according to the pyrene method and detected by UV spectroscopy at 25°C. The very low CMC is another market advantage of the gemini surfactant. Hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the synthesized compound were checked by the emulsification method. The ability of the synthesized gemini surfactant to wet and foam and the emulsification index at different pH values were tested. Based on the results, the gemini surfactant was used in formulations for hair and skin care. Conditioners and creams were prepared with the synthesized compound and the properties were analyzed at different concentrations of the gemini surfactant in the respective formulation.
Role of Magnesium Salts in Coal De-Ashing by Flotation
Authors: Gamal Rawya , Edress Nader A.A. , Abuhasel Khaled A. , El-Midany Ayman A. , El-Mofty Salah E.
Published: February 2021

The most frequently investigated salts in coal flotation are chlorides. However, seawater contains additional salts such as sulfates. In coal flotation, magnesium chlorides showed the best results in terms of higher yield and lower ash content compared to the other magnesium salts studied. Therefore, two magnesium salts were tested in this investigation, namely magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate. The effect of the magnesium salts as well as the optimization of coal flotation were investigated by statistical design of experiments in terms of pulp density, particle size, conditioning time and different dosages of MgCl2 and MgSO4. The flotation results obtained by statistical design show that the ash content was lowest at 8.2% when a mixture of 2 kg/t MgSO4 and 2 kg/t MgCl2 has been used, with pulp density 20%, particle size 400 lm and conditioning time 15 min. The particle size plays an important role in reducing the ash content when the conditioning time has been extended and pulp density has been reduced. The strong interaction between the salts hinders the reduction of the ash content to less than 8.2%.
Effect of ZnO nanoparticles on optical textures and image analysis properties of 7O.O5 liquid crystalline compound
Authors: Srilekha Gandu , Pardhasaradhi Pokkunuri , Madhav Boddapati Taraka Phani , Nanchara Rao Manepalli Ramakrishna
Published: February 2021

The systematic studies are carried out on liquid crystalline N-(p-n-heptyloxybenzylidene)-p-n-pentyloxy aniline (7O.O5) pure compound and with dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in 1 wt% respectively. The phase transition studies of the pure and LC nanocomposite are carried out using Polarizing Optical Microscope (POM) attached with hot stage along with digital camera and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is used to measure enthalpy and transition temperature values. Further the presence of ZnO nano particles in 7O.O5 is determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. It is identified that due to dispersion of nano particles SmG phase is Quenched and nematic thermal range is increased. To enhance the captured textural images, an algorithm that uses tuned intensification operators have been proposed in this article. Statistical parameters for enhanced output images are calculated and compared with existing algorithms such as Adaptive Gamma Correction (AGC) and Discrete Wavelet Transform – Singular Value Decomposition (DWT-SVD) to understand the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. Further, optical parameters have been computed to understand the thermo optical nature of liquid crystalline compounds.
Fluorine analogs of dicamba and tricamba herbicides; synthesis and their pesticidal activity
Authors: Huras Bogumiła , Zakrzewski Jerzy , Żelechowski Krzysztof , Kiełczewska Anna , Krawczyk Maria , Hupko Jarosław , Jaszczuk Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

Fluorine analogs of the dicamba and tricamba herbicides were synthesized. Their herbicide activities were compared with the activities of the pattern herbicides dicamba and tricamba.
Perfil epidemiológico dos suicídios no Sertão Paraibano
Authors: Sousa Janaina Ribeiro , Costa Luiza Helena Magalhães
Published: February 2021

Suicídio é um ato intencional no qual o indivíduo finda sua própria vida. Apesar de ser um ato praticado contra si mesmo, o suicídio tem se mostrado como um sério problema de saúde e segurança pública. Foram estudados os dados de casos de suicídio observados no Sertão da Paraíba, entre os anos de 2013 e 2017, considerando o sexo, a idade, residência e instrumento utilizados. Foram analisados os dados coletados no Núcleo de Medicina e Odontologia Legal do Município de Patos, Paraíba. Encontrou-se maior incidência em indivíduos do sexo masculino, adulto jovem, utilizando o enforcamento como método de escolha, com maior ocorrência na zona urbana
Levantamento de conservação da vegetação adjacente a cursos d’água dentro da perícia ambiental: o uso de ferramentas de geotecnologia
Authors: De Oliveira Andrezza Beatriz , Dos Santos Vinícius Patriota , De Borba Mariangela Lurdes
Published: February 2021

A Lei n° 12.651 de 25 de maio de 2012 (Código Florestal) estabelece normas gerais de proteção ao meio ambiente envolvendo a vegetação nativa, cuja materialização da desobediência é dada por perícias ambientais, que utilizam, dentre outras, ferramentas de geotecnologia para coleta, processamento, análise e disponibilização de informações geográficas. Com o objetivo de constatar se a técnica descrita por Aragão e Santos (2014) é suficiente para realizar perícia ambiental, foi realizada análise da conservação da vegetação ripária em rios brasileiros. A metodologia de sensoriamento remoto, utilizando o aplicativo Google Earth®, foi aplicada em trechos não urbanos e afastados das nascentes e fozes de dez rios selecionados aleatoriamente em um Estado de cada região brasileira. A análise do grau de conservação da vegetação adjacente aos rios indicou que, em 80% dos casos, foram verificados danos à Área de Preservação Permanente definida pelo Código Florestal. Concluiu-se que, embora tenha sido detectada alta incidência de infrações à legislação vigente, a metodologia utilizada é útil para identificar e calcular as áreas de desmatamento, não permitindo uma análise completa do dano, por não possibilitar a sua valoração.
As principais alterações do Código Florestal Brasileiro
Authors: Rodrigues Ariana do Rosário , Matavelli C. J.
Published: February 2021

Na década de 1960, com o surgimento dos movimentos ambientalistas, a concepção da relação entre o homem e os recursos naturais – que até o período da sociedade industrial era baseado na ideia da inesgotabilidade dos recursos – passou a ser considerado como um processo que gera, além de matérias primas, benefícios e melhorias para a qualidade de vida do homem. Em 1934 surgiu o primeiro Código Florestal Brasileiro (Decreto Federal nº 23.793) no governo de Getúlio Vargas. Esse Código foi reformulado em 1965, dando origem a Lei Federal n° 4.771/1965. Em 2012, após acirradas discussões entre ambientalistas e ruralistas, foi editada outra versão do Código Florestal Brasileiro, sob a Lei n. 12.651 de 25 de maio de 2012. A modificação da legislação fragilizou a proteção do meio ambiente, diminuindo o padrão de proteção ambiental proporcionado pela Lei anterior, o que contrariou as obrigações constitucionais impostas ao Poder Público de assegurar a efetividade do direito ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. As mudanças no Código Florestal Brasileiro em 2012 deveriam caminhar no sentido de modernizá-lo e aperfeiçoá-lo à luz dos avanços científicos acerca da preservação da natureza, do desenvolvimento sustentável e de ampliação da educação ambiental dos produtores e da população em geral. Mas, o que defendemos neste trabalho é a visão de que o Código Florestal de 2012 é um convite à impunidade e representa uma drástica flexibilização da legislação ambiental. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as recentes alterações do Novo Código Florestal Brasileiro e seus impactos para o meio ambiente e para a sociedade.
Morphological changes of ZnO nanostructures upon addition of Tannic Acid
Authors: Kamaruzaman Aqilah , Che Lah Nurul Akmal
Published: February 2021

Due to their potential as a good semiconductor, Zinc Oxide nanostructures (ZnO) have received abundant of interest. In this analysis, ZnO nanostructures are synthesized by a hydrothermal process that uses a green method of synthesis completely aided by Tannic Acid (TA). The mean diameter of ZnO nanostructures are observed to increase with addition of TA due to the aggregation that occurred from the influenced of acidic medium. The morphological properties are discussed based on the TEM images which indicated the average size of 8nm for ZnO NPs and 18-23nm for ZnO-TA nanostructures obtained, respectively.
Morphological changes of ZnO nanostructures upon addition of Trisodium Citrate (Na3C6H5O7) at different reaction temperatures
Authors: Kamaruzaman Aqilah , Che Lah Nurul Akmal
Published: February 2021

Due to its interesting physical and chemical properties, zinc oxide (ZnO) is considered one of the front runners of numerous metal oxide semiconductors. In this paper, ZnO nanostructure are synthesised by hydrothermal method with trisodium citrate (TC) as the emulsfying agent. The mean diameetr of ZnO nanostructure are observed with increment of reaction temperature. The mean size results into no change to mean diameter upon increment of reaction temperature but the cumulative frequencies of size distribution showing ZnO nanostructure synthesised in higher temperature to have narrower size distribution. The addition of TC also results into much smaller ZnO nanostructure with mean diameter 8nm
Wizerunek kobiety w prowincjonalnej prasie fachowej w okresie PRL-u na przykładzie czasopisma „Walczymy o Stal” w latach 1951–1956
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Śliwa Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Tematem artykułu jest wizerunek kobiety na łamach prasy zakładowej „Walczymy o Stal” w okresie PRL w latach 1951–1956. Autorka poddała analizie prasoznawczej periodyk „Walczymy o Stal” za lata 1953–1956. W artykule przyjęto odmienne ramy czasowe (1951–1956), gdyż zebrany materiał pozwolił autorce szerzej zbadać temat kobiet na łamach prasy zakładowej. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że w latach 50. XX w. kształtował się wzorzec kobiety przodownicy pracy, przekraczającej normy, biorącej udział we współzawodnictwie na rzecz partii i zakładu.
Effects of chemical and morphological structure on biodegradability of fibers, fabrics, and other polymeric materials
Authors: Zambrano Marielis C. , Pawlak Joel J. , Venditti Richard A.
Published: February 2021

The biodegradability of polymers depends on several factors. However, the most critical aspects are the accessibility of the structure for moisture and enzyme diffusion and the capacity of the microbes in the environment to assimilate the final monomers. The accessibility of the polymer structure to enzymes and water depends primarily on crystallinity, hydrophobicity, and the steric effects of the side groups in the polymer backbone. In general, biologically synthesized polymers are readily biodegradable in natural environments but synthetic polymers are either less biodegradable or degrade very slowly. However, such generalizations should be avoided. To understand the compatibility of biomaterials and the environment, both the disintegration step of the biodegradation process and the assimilation and mineralization of these fragments by microorganisms must be investigated. Mineralization occurs when the oligomers and monomers assimilated within the cells are converted to CO2 and H2O (aerobic), and CO2, CH4, and H2O (anaerobic). Although the disintegration of the polymeric structure limits the biodegradation rate and is most easily detected, the final pieces may accumulate in the environment if they are not fully mineralized. Such accumulation could contribute to an issue with microplastics that may be much more difficult to address than the removal of macroscopic, large polymer-based debris.
Avian Diversity along a Precipitation Gradient in Southern Africa
Authors: Kopij G.
Published: February 2021

In April 2013, a transect c. 1100 km long with 100 points arranged in 5 sections was designed in northern Namibia between Ruacana Watefall (W) and Kongola (E) to study avian diversity in relation to gradual changes in precipitation (c. 350 mm in W to c.600 mm in E). In total, 81 bird species were recorded in all 100 points, but in particular section, the numbers were low, ranging from 22 to 38 species. In overall, the most frequent and most numerous (dominant) were the following species: Cape Turtle Dove, Blue Waxbill, Grey-headed Sparrow, Laughing Dove and Fork-tailed Drongo. Together they comprised 42.2 % of all individuals recorded. All of them, except for the Fork-tailed Drongo, were granivores. Only nine species were recorded in ten or more points. Besides the above-mentioned dominant species, the following other were in this group: Black-chested Prinia, Black-throated Canary, Pied Crow and White-browed Scrub Robin. In particular section the number of dominant species ranged from 5 to 7, without a gradient. Two species, the Cape Turtle Dove and Blue Waxbill, remained dominant in all fi ve sections. Th e Laughing Dove and Fork-tailed Drongo — in four sections, and the Grey-headed Sparrow — in three sections. Although, no gradient in species diversity, evenness, and dominance structure was recorded, signifi cant diff erences between two most western and two most eastern sections were apparent. Two species were more frequent and numerous in the eastern than in the western sections: White-browed Scrub Robin and Cape Turtle Dove; while the following species were more frequent and numerous in the western than the eastern sections: African Palm Swift , Black-chested Prinia, Black-throated Canary, Blue Waxbill, Grey-headed Sparrow and Pied Crow.
Gender and ethnic equity: what can we learn from ancestral and indigenous peoples to deal with socio-environmental issues?
Authors: Zank Sofia , Hanazaki Natalia , De Melo Clarissa Rocha
Published: February 2021

The socio-environmental crisis that we are currently experiencing requires integrative research approaches and actions. Ethnobiology has important potential in this regard, both for its interdisciplinary nature and for recording the relationship between humans and the environment at different times and places. In this way, this opinion essay aims to discuss what we can learn from ancestral societies and Indigenous peoples for the establishment of a more equitable and sustainable world, considering the intersection between gender and ethnic groups. We will begin by examining the history of societies in Old Europe and how domineering and patriarchal societies have been established. We will discuss a few findings about pre-Columbian peoples in America that reinforces the the existence of more equitable societies. We add discussions related to gender, in the context of Indigenous peoples, and reflecting on the importance of the feminine and of the complementarity in social relationships. Finally, we discuss the role of ethnobiological research in this context and the ways of collaborating to support values that favor the establishment of equitable societies, which are fundamental to address the challenges of this era of change.
Analysis of risk factors for different types of anesthetic support of newborns and infants with surgical pathology
Authors:   SI Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Dnipro, Snisar V.I. , Vlasov O.O. ,   KP Dnepropetrovsk Regional Children's Clinical Hospital DOS, Dnipro, Ukraine, Makedonskyy I.A. ,   KP Dnepropetrovsk Specialized Clinical Medical Center for Mother and Child named after Professor N.F. Rudnev DOS, Dnipro, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

High-quality anesthetic support during surgical correction of congenital malformations of internal organs and the postoperative period in newborns and infants is complicated by concomitant diseases, significantly affects the processes of metabolism, gas exchange, homeostasis, cerebral, peripheral hemodynamics, etc. before, during and after the surgical intervention. Purpose — to identify the leading risk factors associated with death in various types of anesthetic support for newborns and infants during surgical correction of congenital malformations. Materials and methods. The retrospective study included newborns with congenital malformations of the surgical profile, as well as infants who received and continued stepwise surgical treatment for congenital malformations, depending on the chosen combined anesthetic accompaniment (inhalation + regional anesthesia and inhalation + intravenous anesthesia). The study was carried out in the following stages: 1) to conduct surgical treatment and anesthetic support, 2) introduction of the child into anesthesia, 3) the traumatic stage of the operation, 4) within 1 hour after the operation, 5) 24 hours after the operation. Risk factors were determined by simple logistic regression with the calculation of the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results. Among the functional indicators of the vital functions of the body of children with congenital disorders before, during, immediately and 24 hours after surgery against the background of combined anesthesia, with a simple logistic regression analysis, the chance of a fatal case increases with deviations from the norm of peripheral saturation — at all stages of surgical support (7.8–15.0 times); cerebral oxygenation of the child — at the moments of induction into anesthesia and in the postoperative period (10.8 at the stage 2, 72.0 times at the stage 4); increased diastolic blood pressure at the stage of induction of the child into anesthesia (1.6 times). Conclusions. To prevent the chances of death under various types of anesthesia for children with congenital malformations during surgical treatment, it is advisable to more closely monitor blood pressure, cerebral, peripheral oximetry and promptly correct the impaired condition of the child. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: newborns, infants, congenital malformations, anesthesia, risk factors.
Prospects for the use of antimicrobial peptides as antihelicobacterial agents in pediatric practice
Authors:   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Sorokman T.V. , Moldovan P.M. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Makarova О.V. ,   Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

Purpose – to analise of literature data on the prospects of using antimicrobial peptides. The article presents a literature review antimicrobial peptides. We searched for published and unpublished research using Pubmed as the search engine by the key words: antimicrobial peptides, defensins, cathelicidins, children, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), antibiotic resistance taking into consideration studies conducted in the last 20 years, citation review of relevant primary and review articles, conference abstracts, personal files, and contact with expert informants. The criterion for the selection of articles for the study was based on their close relevance to the topic, thus out of 2256 analyzed articles, the findings of the researchers covered in 75 articles were crucial. An urgent task of modern scientific and practical medicine is to overcome resistance to the world's most common H. pylori infection. Resistance to the main antimicrobial drugs included in the first line of treatment is quite high. The presence of cross-antibiotic resistance and the direct association of H. pylori infection with the development of gastric and duodenal diseases in childhood have led to the urgency of this problem. It is with the increase in resistance of H. pylori to antibacterial drugs associated with the growth of diseases and complications caused by pathology of the gastroduodenal area, and hence — a significant increase in treatment costs, which is not only medical but also socio-economic problem. Therefore, antimicrobial peptides, which can replace traditional antibacterial drugs, are considered a new class of anti-infectives today. The most promising developments in this direction are the study of the antibacterial effect of endogenous antimicrobial peptides. The main attention is paid to the clinical role of the recently described antimicrobial factors — difensins and cathelicidins, which are endogenously synthesized by neutrophils and many epithelial cells of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract. The range of their action is quite wide — antioxidant, antihypertensive, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, antitumor, immunoregulatory. In particular, H. pylori infection leads to a significant induction of β-defensins, which play a key role in the immune response of the gastrointestinal epithelium to H. pylori infection, affecting and activating the adaptive immune system. Although most antimicrobial peptides are directly synthesized in their active forms, posttranslational modification is required to perform their functions. Some drugs of antimicrobial peptides are already used in clinical practice. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: children, Helicobacter pylori, antimicrobial peptides, antibiotic resistance.
Ebstein's anomaly and critical aortic coartation in a newborn. An atypical combination
Authors:   Danylo Halytskyy Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Malska A.A. , Kurilyak O.B. ,   Public Noncomercial Enterprise of Lviv Regional Council Lviv Regional Children's Clinical Hospital OHMATDYT, Ukraine
Published: February 2021

This article presents a rare case of combination of Ebstein's anomaly with critical aortic coarctation in a newborn baby, who was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Regional Children's Hospital needed urgent surgical correction. Purpose — to conduct a literature review of the clinical cases of association of Ebstein's abnormality with critical aortic coarctation in newborns and to present a clinical case of such a rare combination in a newborn boy. Clinical case. A newborn boy was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Lviv Regional Children's Hospital OHMATDYT, on the second day after his birth with an established diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly. On admission, the child's general condition was moderate. On ausculation: rhythmic heart tones, tachycardia (heart rate 160 bpm), loud S2 above the pulmonary artery and loud 4/6 systolic murmur across the left sternal border and under the left scapula. The weakened pulsation of the femoral arteries was determined. On Echocardiographic examination: critical aortic coarctation and Ebstein's abnormality have been diagnosed, which is an extremely rare combination. Clinically on the 6th day of the child's life condition significantly worsened: respiratory and cardiovascular failure increased, diuresis decreased, urea and creatinine levels increased. The child was urgently transferred to the intensive care unit to the pediatric cardiac surgery center, where a surgical correction of aortic coarctation was successfully carried out. Surgical correction of Ebstein's anomaly was not performed. Conclusions. The presented clinical case is extremely rare, despite the combination of Ebstein's anomaly and aortic coartation in the neonatal period is not described in the literature, specialists of ultrasound diagnostics should closely monitor the protocol of echocardiographic examination and conduct it in full to diagnose the pathology and perform a timely surgical correction. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: Ebstein's anomaly, critical aortic coarcia, newborns.
The Effect of Motivation, Work Ethos and Work Discipline on Teacher Work Productivity at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) Binjai
Authors: Syafriadi Syafriadi , Trisnamansyah Sutaryat , Insan Husen Saeful , Warta Waska
Published: February 2021

Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) is the most basic level educational institution which is a continuation of the Raudhatul Athfal (RA) or Kindergarten (TK) level in formal education in Indonesia, which is managed by the Ministry of Religion. The problem is whether partially and simultaneously Motivation, Work Ethic and Work Discipline on Teacher Work Productivity. The technique in the research was carried out by means of a questionnaire by distributing a list of questions to respondents as many as 40 teachers. The research shows that the Fcount value is 544.007 with a significant level of 0.00. Because Fcount 544.007> Ftable 2.87 and the significant probability is much smaller than 0.05, namely 0.00 t table 1.688 with a significant 0.046 < 0.05, meaning that partially there is a positive and significant effect of Work Motivation on Work Productivity. The results of the work ethic variable test, the value of tcount -3.848 < t table 1.688 with a significant 0.000> 0.05, meaning that it is partially influential but not significant on work ethics on work productivity. The result of the work discipline variable test, tcount 4,912 > t table 1,688 with a significant 0,000 > 0.05, meaning that partially there is a positive and significant influence of Work Discipline on Work Productivity. While the adjusted R square is 0.977, this means that 97.8% of the variation in Work Productivity can be explained by the independent variable Work Motivation, Work Ethic, Work Discipline, while the rest (100% - 97.7% = 2.3%) can be explained by other independent variables.
Morphology of Piriformis- its clinical implications in Piriformis syndrome
Authors:   Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, GMC Patiala, Punjab, India., Kaur Harsimarjit , Bansal Rimple ,   Assistant professor, Department of Anatomy, GMC Patiala, Punjab, India., Kalyan Gurdeep S ,   Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, GMC Patiala, Punjab, India., Goyal Ruchi ,   Assistant professor, Department of Anatomy, GMC Patiala, Punjab, India.
Published: February 2021

Background and Aim: Anatomical variations of neuromuscular structures of gluteal region are common. Each and every anatomical variation reflects a different and case specific clinical presentation. Piriformis is the key muscle to this region. This work was done to re-investigate the morphology of this muscle and structures related to it, in sufficient number of specimens to correlate with clinical syndrome. Materials and Methods: 60-lower extremities with gluteal region belonging to 30 embalmed adult human cadavers named as specimens comprised the material for this study. Gluteal region was dissected to see the variations in the origin, insertion and accessory slips of piriformis muscle. Results and Conclusion: Out of 60 specimens, piriformis consisted of one belly in 55 specimens (91.67%) and two bellies were observed in 5 specimens (8.33%). In two specimens belonging to one male cadaver, the piriformis was found being pierced by common trunk for inferior gluteal and common peroneal nerves whereas in three specimens piriformis was also being pierced by one root of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh An accessory muscle was observed bilaterally in one cadaver. This accessory muscle was present below the piriformis on right side& it was related with the emergence of tibial nerve in between the piriformis and accessory muscle which is a rare pattern. On left side this accessory muscle was present above the piriformis & was associated with presence of superficial branch of superior gluteal artery between the upper border of piriformis and this accessory muscle. All these variations should be kept in mind during physical examination or evaluating radiological images of patients with low back pain. KEY WORDS: Anatomical variation, Piriformis, Pirifomis syndrome, extraspinal sciatic.
Preparation and properties of ceramics based on tantalum carbide modified by SiO gas
Authors: Belyaev I. M. , Istomin P. V. , Istomina E. I. , Lysenkov A. S. , Kim K. A.
Published: February 2021

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Effect of charge components on the physical and mechanical properties of porous permeable metal-ceramic materials
Authors: Kanapinov M. S. , Kashkarov G. M. , Novoselova T. V. , Tubalov N. P. , Tolmacheva L. V.
Published: February 2021

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Quality of life related to oral health in adults with removable prosthetic rehabilitation.
Authors:   Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú., Valencia-Aguirre Yamila , Watanabe-Velásquez Romel ,   Departamento Académico de Estoma-tología Rehabilitadora. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú., Evaristo-Chiyong Teresa ,   Departamento Académico de Estoma-tología Preventiva y Social. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú., Lamas-Lara Víctor ,   Departamento Académico de Estoma-tología Rehabilitadora. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.
Published: February 2021

The evaluation of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is important for clinical assessment and could be an indicator of the quality of the treatment received. Objective: To evaluate the OHRQoL in adults with removable prostheses in relation with patient characteristics such as age, sex, type and time of use of the prosthesis, previous experience and perception about the stability of the prosthesis. Materials and Methods: 217 patients from the Dental Clinic of the National University of San Marcos-Peru were evaluated after rehabilitation with a removable prosthesis. A structured questionnaire was applied by telephone interview. The evaluation of the OHRQoL was carried out using the General/Geriatric Oral Health Evaluation Index (GOHAI). For the statistical analysis, the Mann Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis H test and the Spearman correlation were used. Results: The sample included 63 men (29%) and 154 women (71%) with an average age of 66.34. The average GOHAI score was 52.44+8.15. The GOHAI score was related to age (p=0.241), sex (p=0.110), type of prosthesis (p=0.069), previous experience (p=0.293), and perception of movement of the prosthesis (p<0.001). Conclusions: The GOHAI score indicates a moderate quality of life related to oral health after prosthetic rehabilitation. The GOHAI index can be considered effective for the evaluation of the OHRQoL.
Tensile strength evaluation of acrylic after ozonated water and microwave disinfection.
Authors:   Department of Dental Technologies, College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq., Aziz Hawraa Khalid
Published: February 2021

Background: There is a need for safe disinfection methods without a detrimental effect on the acrylic denture base. Aim: the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of ozonated water and two protocols of microwave disinfection on tensile bond strength of high-impact acrylic. Material and methods: Eighty samples were divided into four major groups: one control and three experimental groups, 20 specimens each. The experimental groups each received either disinfection by ozonated water, microwave 850W/1min, or microwave 650W/6min. Further division of the major groups into two sub-groups depending on the number of disinfection cycles and total immersion time in distilled water: One cycle and one day versus seven cycles and seven days. The control group specimens were immersed in distilled water without any disinfection for either one day or seven days. Tensile strength testing was performed on the specimens from the eight groups. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 21#. The ANOVA and Tukey-HSD multiple comparison tests were used for comparison for groups. Results: A non-significant difference in the tensile strength was observed in the groups subjected to one cycle of ozone or microwave disinfection at 850W/1min. There was a significant decrease in tensile strength for the specimens subjected to one cycle of 650W/6min microwaving. The number of testing cycles and storage time in distilled water had a significant impact on the tensile strength of the acrylic in all tested groups, by decreasing it. Conclusion: Ozone disinfection and microwaving at 850W for one minute did not affect the tensile strength of the acrylic, but repeated disinfection over seven days at one cycle per day impaired the tensile strength of the acrylic resin.
SOILS OF EASTERN COAST OF BAIKAL LAKE AND THEIR ECOLOGIC-MICROBIOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC
Authors:   Institute of Geography of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Naprasnikova E.V. , Belozertseva I.A. ,   Institute of Geography of the Siberian Branch of the RAS
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we discuss new experimental data on the soils from eastern coast of the Baikal natural territory. We provide description of the soils, also the acid-alkaline conditions (from pH 5.1 to 7.9) and humus content (from 0.1 to 13.8%) were determined. The degree of biological activity determined by express method per-mitted categorizing soils as moderately and weakly active. We revealed a noticeable (on Chaddock’s scale) relationship of this activity with acid-alkaline conditions (R2 = 0.52). The quantitative-qualitative characteris-tics of soil microbiocoenoses were studied in details, revealing a high diversity of the main systematic groups of organisms. Qualitatively, the fugal component was very diverse. The specific feature of soils was the absence of the most common microscopic fungus Aspergillus niger, which is characteristic for the other Siberian soils. The investigated soils were found to be epidemiologically safe.
El eco de las máscaras: Estudios sobre la tragedia griega antigua
Authors:   Universidad EAFIT, Vélez Upegui Mauricio
Published: February 2021

Una convicción y una esperanza aúnan los estudios recogidos en este libro: la convicción de que esas piezas dramáticas denominadas tragedias, lejos de haber agotado su enorme potencia de sentido, todavía destilan vida, y, más, configuran fecundos horizontes de referencia para comprender muchos de los problemas en los que se ve implicado con frecuencia el hombre de nuestros días; y la esperanza de que otros lectores, amantes del mundo griego, encuentren en estas páginas dos o tres consideraciones o apuntes cuyo contenido les sirva para reavivar el diálogo que, juzgado de un modo desapasionado, el presente merece tener con el pasado.
The Evaluation of Values Education Project conducted by the Context of Nature Education
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Hüseyin , YILDIRIM Yusuf , DEMİRHAN Eda
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of the project titled “Youth with Values, a Responsible Society and a Clean Environment” conducted with secondary school students. The study group of the research consists of 9 inclusive students (3 girls, 6 boys) and 9 students with a high academic success (4 girls, 5 boys) making up a total of 18 secondary school students. The study was conducted within the framework of the embedded pattern from the mixed patterns, in which quantitative and qualitative research methods were handled together. In the study, while the “Attitude Scale towards Values” and the “Value Determination Survey” were used as the pre-test and post-test as quantitative data collection tools; the open-ended questionnaire, focus group meetings and the data gained from the diaries of the participants were used as qualitative data collection tools. According to the results the project increased their scores according to the last measurements in the scales of attitudes towards the values. also, a significant difference was determined in the sub-dimensions of “environment and nature”, “responsibility”, “cultural values” and in the overall total of the attitudes towards values scale. Examining the qualitative data of the current research, it was found out that students had fun, made new friends and learned many new things about the nature and environment during this project. Furthermore, groups’ opinions about the contribution of the project were classified as "cognitive awareness", "emotional awareness" and "behavioral awareness".
FEM study of internal stresses evolution in prestressing strands
Authors: Korchunov A. G. , Medvedeva E. M. , Ivekeeva P. V. , Konstantinov D. V.
Published: February 2021

This paper describes the results of modeling when the processes of stranding, reduction, straightening and thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) of prestressing strands were simulated with the help of finite-element method. The distribution of residual stresses used in the simulation models refers to the stresses created at the preliminary stage of wire drawing. The simulation study looked at the effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on the internal wire stresses: residual stresses resultant from the drawing process and further stranding stresses. All studied methods demonstrated a positive effect not only in terms of eliminating internal stresses, but also from the point of view of their redistribution. Reduction of a strand in a solid tool at the ratios of 1–3 % allows to create tensile stresses at the surface of the wire and retain compressive stresses in its core. Straightening in a 5-roller group helped reach a double relaxation in outer wires. TMT, a process combining different physical effects, enabled to control within a broad range the redistribution of residual stresses in steel that was subjected to prior drawing at high deformation ratios. Such residual stresses occur as a result of stranding stresses that accompany the stranding operation and can affect the geometry of the strand. The study showed that tension as a TMT parameter plays a greater role in the elimination of longitudinal residual stresses. That’s why, at the minimum tension, almost no redistribution of residual stresses occur either in the central or in the near-surface layers irrespective of the TMT temperature regime applied. However, when the tension exceeding 70 kN is applied at the temperatures of 380–400 °C, the central and surface residual stresses balance off in the wire or almost disappear. This research was carried out under the Decree No. 220 dated 9th April 2010 of the Government of the Russian Federation (Contract No. 075-15-2019-869 dated 12th May 2019) and was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 20-69-46042 dated 20th May 2020) and by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science with the goal of developing high-tech production (contract nos. 02.G25.31.078, December 1, 2015; and MK204895, July 27, 2015).
Quantitative assessment of microstructural inhomogeneity by thickness of hot-rolled plates made of cold-resistant low-alloy steel for Arctic applications
Authors: Kazakov A. A. , Kiselev D. V. , Sych O. V. , Khlusova E. I.
Published: February 2021

A technique to assess microstructural anisotropy assessing by the thickness of the plate steel based on the texture analysis of the image has been developed. This technique provides for the anisotropy assessment at two dimensional levels: in the short-distance and long-distance neighborhoods, which characterize the elongation along the rolling direction of fine and coarse structural constituents, respectively. The practical approval results of this technique in the study of the microstructural heterogeneity of ferritic-bainitic steels over the thickness of 25–70 mm hot-rolled plates have been presented. It has been shown that the proposed anisotropy criteria in combination with the volume fraction of coarse packet-block regions of lath bainite as well as regions of bainite without an internal developed subgrain structure adequately estimate the microstructural heterogeneity over the thickness of plate steel and can be used for a detailed interpretation of the two-stage thermomechanical processing technology with accelerated cooling including taking into account the metallurgical inheritance of the slab.
Requirements Engineering: An Industrial Survey in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors:   A. Alzayed, Alzayed A.
Published: February 2021

Requirements engineering (RE), the process of defining the requirements of a system, is critical to the successful implementation of software projects. Although many studies have been globally conducted on the different facets of RE in software engineering, studies explicitly focusing on the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have been scarce. GCC-specific RE research studies are needed because of the unique cultural characteristics and common work ethics in GCC countries. Besides, the investigation of the state of RE practices in the countries of the GCC is crucial as the globalization of software development becomes imminent. This study compares the state of RE practices within the six countries of the GCC, namely, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman, using six RE factors. To understand commonalities and differences in the RE practices and methods, 163 software practitioners in GCC countries are surveyed in this study. The results show that the RE practices are relatively similar among the six countries, with subtle differences. Initiating software-related projects with unclear requirements and undefined project scopes are the two major limitations of the RE practices among the survey participants. The results of this study contribute to providing project managers and system analysts, who are working globally and within the GCC countries, with valuable decision-making tools to help them consider the identified RE techniques, methods, and challenges and their related risks early in their software development projects
Design and Implementation of Hardware in the Loop Simulation Operation Simulator for Complex Mechanical Equipment
Authors:   Shijiazhuang Campus, Army Engineering University, Shijiazhuang, He Bei, China, Li Siyu , Huang Shaoluo , Meng Shuo , Wu Weiyi
Published: February 2021

Hardware in the loop simulation technology is an important branch of system modeling and simulation. With the development of artificial intelligence, big data, virtual reality and other technologies, more and more advanced technologies are integrated into it, and the economic and military benefits are constantly highlighted, which attracts the attention of all parties. In view of the complex structure of modern large-scale mechanical equipment system and the high cost-effectiveness ratio of carrying out practical operation training, an operation simulator is developed by using hardware in the loop simulation and virtual reality technology. The simulator can complete the daily training of mechanical equipment and the interactive operation, maintenance training, assessment and operation data recording of other equipment, and can popularize and update equipment knowledge Improve the technical level and maintenance skills of operators and technical support personnel as soon as possible.
Cachexia and sarcopenia at oncological patients: diagnostics and treatment tactics
Authors: Khoroshilov I. E.
Published: February 2021

Background. The features of malnutrition are revealed at 3085% of oncological patients.

Aims. To represent present knowledges on causes and mechanisms of development, clinical features and treatment of cachexia and sarcopenia at oncological patients, including nutritional support and target pharmacotherapy.

Discussion. Cancer cachexia it is necessary to install in case of weight loss on 10% and more from initial and body mass index in adults less than 17 kg/m2. To diagnose of sarcopenia and cachexia are used the bioelectrical impedance analysis, computer and the magnetic resonances tomography. To be treated and warning of sarcopenia and cachexia is used the nutritional support. The enteral nutrition is appointed, when the energy intakes with nutrition less than 60% from required during 12 weeks, or in the presence of sarcopenia or cachexia. Beyond that, the oncological patients are to get the target pharmacotherapy. For maintaining of muscle mass by the oncological of a patients it is recommended physical activity, exercise, this refers and to palliative patients.

Conclusion. Cachexia and sarcopenia are characteristic of most of the oncological patients. The development of these conditions can cause substantial increase of different complicating diseases and lethality. To prevent their may be in due time designated personalized nutritional support, including additional enteral nutrition and target pharmacometabolic therapy.
To the casuistry of progressive paralysis (several cases with acute and prolonged course)
Authors: Dedov G. A.
Published: February 2021

Having put an end to the cases of acute progressive paralysis, let's move on to cases of the same disease with a long course.
Chronicle of the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University. Minutes of the regular meeting of the society on November 28, 1904
Authors: Mislavskiy N. A.
Published: February 2021

Prof. N. A. Mislavsky and secretary N. A. Donskov
Artur A. D. Townsend. Mental depression and melancholy viewed from the point of view of autointoxication with a special report on the presence of indoxyl in urine and the clinical significance of this phenomenon.
Authors: Toporkov N.
Published: February 2021

For two and a half years, the author examined urine for Indoxyl in all cases of acute insanity. which were under his supervision, proceeding from the consideration that excessive, the amount of indoxyl indicates abnormal putrefactive processes in the gastrointestinal tract.