bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realization of an Analog Computing Circuit for Simulating a Chaotic Electro Optic System and Validation of Model using Lyapunov Exponent
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Tripura University, Suryamani Nagar (Tripura), India., Datta* Aditi , Ghosh Anjan.K. ,   Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DAIICT), Gandhinagar (Gujarat), India., Mukherjee Anjan. ,   Department of Mathematics, Tripura University (Central University), Suryamani Nagar (Tripura), India.
Published: December 2019

Chaotic optical communication is attractive for its security because in such type of communication optical signal is encrypted using the optical chaos and decrypted at the receiver side with identical chaotic key. Chaotic signals are created using nonlinear optical systems with sensitive dependence in initial condition. In our work we have chosen an Electro Optic modulator based nonlinear optical system for producing optical chaos. However the optical devices are costly and not easily accessible. Hence to overcome this difficulty we have created a nonlinear analog computing circuit capable of producing chaotic signals as those of nonlinear Electro Optic or Acusto Optic system. Extensive numerical experiments have been conducted on this electronic system for studying its chaotic behaviour and it has been found that our electronic simulator is able to mimic the actual Electro Optic system up to a large extent.
Power Efficient Scheduling and Hybrid Precoding for Time Modulated Arrays
Authors: González-Coma José P. , Castedo Luis
Published: December 2019

We consider power efficient scheduling and precoding solutions for multiantenna hybrid digital-analog transmission systems that use Time-Modulated Arrays (TMAs) in the analog domain. TMAs perform beamforming with switches instead of conventional Phase Shifters (PSs). The extremely low insertion losses of switches, together with their reduced power consumption and cost make TMAs attractive in emerging technologies like massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and millimeter wave (mmWave) systems. We propose a novel analog processing network based on TMAs and provide an angular scheduling algorithm that overcomes the limitations of conventional approaches. Next, we pose a convex optimization problem to determine the analog precoder. This formulation allows us to account for the Sideband Radiation (SR) effect inherent to TMAs, and achieve remarkable power efficiencies with a very low impact on performance. Computer experiments results show that the proposed design, while presenting a significantly better power efficiency, achieves a throughput similar to that obtained with other strategies based on angular selection for conventional architectures.
PERAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA SD/ MI
Authors: FAJRI ZAENOL
Published: December 2019

National education is organized through formal, informal and non-formal education. National education targets will be achieved if the purpose of learning achieved properly. The implementation of learning is influenced by internal and external factors. One example of internal factors is interest to learn and externals is the school environment. The school environment consists of educators and education personnel, teaching materials, fellow students and the physical environment (facilities and infrastructure). a good school environment in accordance with the standardization of education, it can increase student learning interest and facilitate the implementation of conducive learning. So that the purpose of learning can be achieved well and smoothly. In conclusion, that the influence of the school environment can have a positive impact on learning interest so that learning objectives can be achieved well and smoothly.
UJI KOMPETENSI PADA BUKU SEKOLAH ELEKTRONIK (BSE)
Authors: Zahro Nur Holifatuz
Published: December 2019

Evaluasi merupakan bagian dari proses belajar mengajar yang secara keseluruhan tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kegiatan mengajar. Dalam hubungannya dengan evaluasi dan proses belajar mengajar, diperlukan suatu buku penunjang pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yang didalamnya terdapat evaluasi yang tepat. Buku Aktif dan Kreatif Berbahasa Indonesia untuk Kelas XI SMA/MA Program IPA dan IPS merupakan buku pegangan siswa dan guru yang diterbitkan oleh pemerintah melalui media internet yang disebut dengan Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE). Buku tersebut bisa diakses oleh pendidik dan pelajar di seluruh Indonesia karena dapat diperoleh secara mudah melalui internet. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Bentuk tes soal uji kompetensi pada Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) ditemukan semua soal berbentuk tes objektif berjenis pilihan ganda. Berdasarkan struktur soalnya, soal uji kompetensi tersebut digolongkan menjadi 4, yaitu (1) pertanyaan langsung-daftar pilihan terdapat 25 soal, (2) pernyataan tidak lengkap-daftar pilihan terdapat 19 soal, (3) teks-penyataan tidak lengkap-daftar pilihan terdapat 6 soal, dan (4) perintah-teks-pernyataan tidak lengkap-daftar pilihan terdapat 30 soal. Tingkat kognitif soal uji kompetensi pada Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE)  dilihat berdasarkan teori Bloom ditemukan tingkat pengetahuan (C1) terdapat 8 butir soal dengan persentase 14 %, tingkat pemahaman (C2) terdapat 22 bitir soal dengan persentase 38%, tingkat penerapan (C3) terdapat 10 butir soal dengan persentase 18%, tingkat analisis (C4) terdapat 16 butir soal dengan persentase 27%, tingkat sintesis (C5) terdapat 2 butir soal dengan persentase 3% dan tidak ditemukan soal dengan tingkat evaluasi(C6) dengan persentase 0% dengan sajian soal berbentuk kalimat deklaratif dan interogatif
Metode Takhrij Hadits Digital dan Aplikasinya pada Hadits Spionase
Authors: Hidayat Ahmad
Published: December 2019

Proses penelusuran secara digital terhadap hadits spionase memperoleh hasil bahwa hadits tersebut terdapat dalam mashadir ashliyah sebagai berikut: Shahîh Bukhâri, Shahîh Muslim, Shahîh Ibn Hibban, Sunan Abu Daud, Sunan Tirmidzi, Sunan Nasâ’i, Sunan Baihaqi, Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Syâfi’i, Musnad Abu Ya’lâ al-Moushili, Musnad Bazzâr, Musnad Humaedi, Mushannaf Ibnu Abi Syaebah, Mu’jam Aushat Thabrani.  Hadits spionase yang diriwayatkan oleh Ali bin Abi Thalib dari segi jumlah rawi masuk kategori hadits ahad karena rata-rata rawi perthobaqohnya adalah satu. Dari segi matan, termasuk hadits marfu’ fi’li karena merupakan hadits perilaku/tindakan. Dari segi sanad, merupakan hadits muttashil karena sanadnya tersambung, yakni rawi murid dan rawi guru pada sanad bertemu (liqa') karena hidup sezaman, setempat, dan pofesional hadits.   

Kata kunci: Hadits, sumber primer hukum Islam, takhrij hadits, takhrij digital, spionase.
Dinamika dan Sistem Hukum Penyelenggaraan Peradilan Agama di Indonesia
Authors: Rosadi Aden
Published: December 2019

Sebagai salah satu pelaksana Kekuasaan Kehakiman, keberadaan Badan Peradilan Agama mengalami perubahan, baik dari sisi peraturan perundang-undangan maupun dari sisi implementasinya dalam menegakan hukum dan keadilan. Ia berdampak berdampak signifikan terhadap substansi, struktur, dan kultur hukum di lingkungan Peradilan Agama, terutama setelah diundangkannya UU No.50 Tahun 2009. Diantara faktor perubahannya adalah sistem politik yang berkembang pada saat itu dan berdampak pada sistem hukum Indonesia. Dalam konteks sistem hukum, undang-undang tersebut dituntut untuk serasi dengan peraturan perundang-undangan baik yang sejajar maupun yang lebih tinggi.  Kata Kunci : Sistem, Peradilan Agama, Hukum Islam, Reformasi
PEMBUATAN PREKURSOR SERAT KARBON DARI LIGNIN LIMBAH BLACK LIQUOR
Authors: Shoimah Silvia Mar’atus , Mardiyati Mardiyati Mardiyati , Steven Steven , Basuki Arif
Published: December 2019

Prekursor serat karbon merupakan bahan baku yang digunakan dalam pembuatan serat karbon dan menghabiskan sekitar 51% dari total biaya produksi serat karbon. Lignin merupakan polimer hayati paling melimpah kedua di bumi dan sangat potensial untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi prekursor serat karbon karena memiliki kandungan karbon yang tinggi mencapai 68%. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pembuatan prekursor serat karbon yang berbahan dasar lignin hasil pengolahan limbah black liquor. Lignin diekstraksi dari limbah black liquor dengan menggunakan metode asidifikasi. Lignin yang telah diekstraksi selanjutnya dicampur dengan polivinil alkohol (PVA) dengan variasi konsentrasi sebesar 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% (w/w) menggunakan metode wet spinning. Pengujian tarik serat lignin/PVA dilakukan dengan mengacu pada standar ASTM D-3882. Karakterisasi SEM dilakukan untuk mengetahui morfologi serat yang dihasilkan. Karakterisasi TGA dilakukan untuk mengetahui sifat termal dan carbon yield dari serat lignin/PVA. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, kekuatan serat lignin tertinggi yang dihasilkan adalah sebesar 633,29 MPa yang diperoleh oleh serat lignin/PVA dengan konsentrasi lignin sebesar 50%. Makin tinggi kandungan lignin akan menghasilkan serat lignin dengan kekuatan tarik dan ketahanan termal yang makin tinggi pula. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa serat lignin/PVA yang dihasilkan sangat berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai prekursor serat karbon.Kata kunci: black liquor, ekstraksi, lignin, prekursor serat karbon, serat lignin
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI SEPARATOR BATERAI BERBAHAN SELULOSA ALGA CLADOPHORA
Authors: Fauza Anna Niska , Mardiyati Mardiyati Mardiyati , Steven Steven
Published: December 2019

Membran separator merupakan salah satu komponen penting yang berfungsi sebagai pemisah antara dua elektroda untuk transfer ion didalam elektrolit, serta memastikan keselamatan dan performa kapasitansi pada baterai. Pengembangan material separator baterai yang ramah lingkungan saat ini banyak dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mencari material alternatif selain poliolefin. Salah satu material yang cukup menjanjikan adalah selulosa. Selulosa memiliki sifat wettability yang baik, biaya pemrosesan yang rendah, sifat mekanik yang baik dan merupakan material yang dapat diperbaharui.  Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan separator baterai dari bahan selulosa yang diekstrak dari alga Cladophora. Selulosa diperoleh melalui tiga perlakuan yaitu alkalisasi dengan menggunakan NaOH 17,5%, perlakuan asam dengan menggunakan H2SO4 1M dan bleaching dengan menggunakan H2O2 5%. Membran separator dibuat dengan menggunakan metode solution casting dengan konsentrasi selulosa sebesar 0,011; 0,008; 0,006; 0,004 dan 0,003 gr/cm2. Pengukuran porositas dan stabilitas termal dilakukan dengan menggunakan scannning electron microscopy (SEM) dan  thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Pengujian stabilitas kimia dan sudut kontak dilakukan untuk menentukan ketahanan kimia membran separator terhadap elektrolit dan sifat wettability. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa selulosa yang diekstrak dari alga Cladophora memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan membran separator baterai.Kata Kunci: alga, Cladophora, membran separator, porositas, selulosa.
Türkiye’de Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Kaynaştırma: Neredeydik? Neredeyiz? Nerede Olmalıyız?
Authors: Yazıcı Dila Nur
Published: December 2019

Öz 1983 yılında Özel Eğitime Muhtaç Çocuklar Yasası ile birlikte yasal olarak uygulamalarda yer alması beklenen kaynaştırma eğitimi, bugün okul öncesi eğitimde zorunlu eğitsel bir uygulamadır. Bu makalede, öncelikle kaynaştırma eğitiminin tanımı yapılmış ve kaynaştırma eğitiminin faydaları ile ilgili uluslararası alanyazındaki çalışmalar özetlenmiş, ardından Türkiye’de kaynaştırma eğitimi ve okul öncesinde kaynaştırma eğitimi konularına değinilerek yasal dayanaklarından bahsedilmiştir. Türkiye’de kaynaştırma eğitimiyle ilgili yapılan araştırmalar; (1) okul öncesi öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının bilgi, görüş ve tutumları, (2) sınıf içi uygulamalar, (3) sosyal beceriler, (4) derlemeler ve (5) diğer, başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. Araştırmalar incelendiğinde, okul öncesi öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik olumlu tutuma sahip oldukları; ancak, daha fazla bilgiye gereksinim duydukları, sınıf içi geçişlerde belli başlı uygulamaları gerçekleştirdikleri fakat alanyazındaki uygulamaların hepsini sınıflarında uygulamak için desteğe gereksinim duydukları ve özel gereksinimli çocuklara sunulan sosyal beceri programlarının faydalı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda uygulamaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. Abstract Inclusion is a compulsory educational practice for preschool children with disabilities in Turkey. In this article, first, the definition of inclusion is provided. Second, the benefits of inclusion are summarized using the international literature. Third, a summary of studies conducted in Turkey in relation to inclusive preschool education is presented followed by a description of the legal basis for inclusion in Turkey. The research focused on inclusive preschool education in Turkey was examined under five categories: (1) opinions and attitudes of preschool teachers and teacher candidates towards inclusion, (2) classroom practices, (3) social skills, (4) research summaries and literature reviews and (5) other studies. An examination of these studies has shown that preschool teachers and teacher candidates have positive attitudes towards inclusion, but they need more information for successful implementation of inclusion. Moreover, preschool teachers implement certain practices with respect to in-class transitions, however, they need more support to apply all recommended practices noted in the literature. In addition, social skills programs provided to children with special needs were beneficial. Recommendations for future practice are presented at the end of the paper.
A Hidden Friend for the Galactic Center Black Hole, Sgr A*
Authors: Naoz Smadar , Will Clifford M. , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Hees Aurélien , Ghez Andrea M. , Do Tuan
Published: December 2019

The hierarchical nature of galaxy formation suggests that a supermassive black hole binary could exist in our galactic center. We propose a new approach to constraining the possible orbital configuration of such a binary companion to the galactic center black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) through the measurement of stellar orbits. Focusing on the star S0–2, we show that requiring its orbital stability in the presence of a companion to Sgr A* yields stringent constraints on the possible configurations of such a companion. Furthermore, we show that precise measurements of time variations in the orbital parameters of S0–2 could yield stronger constraints. Using existing data on S0–2 we derive upper limits on the binary black hole separation as a function of the companion mass. For the case of a circular orbit, we can rule out a 105
M
⊙ companion with a semimajor axis greater than 170 au or 0.8 mpc. This is already more stringent than bounds obtained from studies of the proper motion of Sgr A*. Including other stars orbiting the galactic center should yield stronger constraints that could help uncover the presence of a companion to Sgr A*. We show that a companion can also affect the accretion process, resulting in a variability that may be consistent with the measured infrared flaring timescales and amplitudes. Finally, if such a companion exists, it will emit gravitational wave radiation, potentially detectable with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).
Five Stellar Populations in M22 (NGC 6656)
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo
Published: December 2019

We present the Ca–CN–CH photometry of the metal-complex globular cluster (GC) M22 (NGC 6656). Our photometry clearly shows the discrete double CN–CH anticorrelations in M22 red giant branch (RGB) stars, due to the difference in the mean metallicity. The populational number ratio between the two main groups is n(G1):n(G2) = 63:37(±3), with the G1 being more metal-poor. Furthermore, the G1 can be divided into two subpopulations with the number ratio of n(CN-w):n(CN-s) = 51:49 (±4), while the G2 can be divided into three subpopulations with n(CN-w):n(CN-i):n(CN-s) = 24:32:44 (±5). The proper motion of individual stars in the cluster shows evidence of internal rotation, showing the G2 with a faster rotation, confirming our previous results from radial velocities. The cumulative radial distributions (CRDs) of individual subpopulations are intriguing in the following aspects: (1) In both main groups, the CRDs of the CN-s subpopulations are more centrally concentrated than other subpopulations. (2) The CRDs of the the G1 CN-s and the G2 CN-s are very similar. (3) Likewise, the G1 CN-w and the G2 CN-w and CN-i have almost identical CRDs. We also estimate the relative helium abundance of individual subpopulations by comparing their RGB bump magnitudes, finding that no helium abundance variation can be seen in the G1, while significant helium enhancements by

 ≈ 0.03–0.07 are required in the G2. Our results support the idea that M22 formed via a merger of two GCs.
Application of the Folin-Ciocalteu method to the evaluation of Salvia sclarea extracts
Authors: Hudz Nataliia , Yezerska Oksana , Shanajda Mariia , Horčinová Sedláčková Vladimira , Wieczorek Piotr P.
Published: December 2019

Polyphenols are valuable group of phytoconstituents due to their high antioxidant activity and healing properties. Antioxidant properties of sages are attributed mainly to a high level of phenolic compounds. The aim of the present study was to elaborate an analytical procedure for the evaluation of the content of secondary metabolites of the polyphenol nature in the herb of Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea L.). Four crude extracts of Salvia sclarea herb obtained with different technologies were used to develop an analytical procedure for the total phenolic content (TPC) assay by spectrophotometric method. The optimum conditions for the analysis (time of the reaction, wavelength, and reference substances) were chosen and experimentally justified (60–80 min, 760 nm, gallic acid and rutin, respectively). Under these conditions, the developed analytical procedure is robust in the indicated time and easy for performing in phytochemical or technological laboratories. The yield of TPC from the herb of Salvia sclarea was the highest in the extracts prepared by heating at a temperature of 36–46 °C and with using the ultrasonic bath. TPC was the highest in the extract in which solvent-to-herb ratio was the least (10:1) and particle size was in the range of 2–5 mm. As a result of the studies, the analytical procedure of the determination of TPC was developed and its parameters were justified. This methodology complies with the requirements for pharmaceutical analysis to ensure the reliability of results during pharmaceutical development and routine control of Salvia sclarea extracts.
De l’importance d’aller bon train
Authors: Ozouf Mona , Sarthou-Lajus Nathalie
Published: December 2019

Mona Ozouf est une historienne dont l’itinéraire, tissé au gré des rencontres et des amitiés, donne l’exemple rare d’une intellectuelle engagée et généreuse, hermétique à l’esprit de concurrence et au ressentiment. Spécialiste de l’histoire de l’éducation et de la Révolution française, elle revisite son enfance bretonne, son parcours d’historienne, son intérêt pour les fêtes révolutionnaires, pour les grandes figures féminines, son goût pour la littérature et pour tout ce qui peut alléger la vie.
Faut-il rebaptiser la fête de la conversion de Paul ?
Authors: Andrevon Thérèse
Published: December 2019

Dans la tradition chrétienne, l’apôtre Paul est présenté comme le modèle du Juif incroyant devenu chrétien, libre à l’égard de la Loi et persécuté par les Juifs. Une meilleure connaissance de l’histoire du christianisme primitif a permis de rejeter cette image. Paul s’inscrit dans le judaïsme de son temps. Qualifier son expérience du chemin de Damas de « conversion » nécessite d'être revisité.
La petite enfance, enjeu majeur des questions migratoires
Authors: Dequiré Anne-Françoise , Gastaut Yvan
Published: December 2019

Ce dossier a pour ambition d’apporter une contribution à l’éclairage de la thématique de la « petite enfance », qui suscite un intérêt croissant tant dans l’espace public que chez les chercheurs. Il s’interroge sur les conditions d’accueil et les modalités d’accompagnement favorisant l’accueil des enfants et des familles ainsi que les difficultés rencontrées par ces enfants dans le ou les pays de migration. Il s’agira ainsi de montrer comment l’enfance et la petite enfance sont devenues un enjeu des politiques migratoires actuelles, jusqu’à évoquer les politiques d’intégration mises en place par les pays d’accueil, ainsi que leurs effets sur les jeunes enfants et leur famille.
Émotions médiatiques ? Quand les « bébés migrants » réveillent les consciences
Authors: Gastaut Yvan
Published: December 2019

Pendant longtemps, les représentations médiatiques des migrations n’étaient guère portées vers la petite enfance. Pourtant, à y regarder de plus près on trouve des enfants en bas âge en contexte migratoire à tous les périodes de l’histoire. Que ce soit au sujet des bébés migrants, mis en scène — notamment par la gravure ou la photographie — dans le contexte d’un itinéraire migratoire en cours ou bien concernant les jeunes enfants issus d’une immigration récemment installée dans un territoire, l’historien peut trouver des traces de leur présence singulière, rarement prise en compte comme une expérience à part entière. Le petit enfant fait partie du « tableau » de la migration sans y jouer un rôle majeur. Mais, depuis une vingtaine d’année, la situation a sensiblement changé : bébés et jeunes enfants retiennent davantage l’attention de l’opinion publique, des militants voire de certains politiques autour de l’émotion suscitée par des situations difficiles voire tragiques. En conséquence, de nouveaux regards sont portés sur les migrations : à défaut de révéler plus de tolérance ils reflètent avec plus d’acuité nos contradiction en matière d’altérité entre sensibilité et intransigeance.
Investissement et embauche avec coûts d’ajustement fixes et asymétriques
Authors: Fairise Xavier , Glachant Jérome
Published: December 2019

Une entreprise évoluant dans un monde déterministe en temps continu utilise une technologie Cobb-Douglas à rendements décroissants et fait face à des coûts d’ajustement complexes de ses facteurs. D’une part, un coût d’embauche proportionnel s’applique au facteur travail irréversible. D’autre part, investir nécessite de s’acquitter d’un coût fixe mais proportionnel à la main d’œuvre présente dans l’entreprise. L’entreprise détermine alors sa politique d’embauche et d’investissement qui maximise la valeur actualisée de ses flux de trésorerie. La combinaison de coûts fixe et variables implique un cycle non trivial d’ajustement des facteurs au cours duquel se succèdent un épisode d’embauche continue, suivi par un gel des embauches puis par un pic simultané d’investissement et d’embauche. L’article propose une évaluation numérique des effets de la taille du coût fixe sur le cycle de vie de l’entreprise. Codes JEL : C61, D92, E22, E24
On a Simple Equilibrium with Heterogeneous Quasi-Hyperbolic Discounting Agents
Authors: Drugeon Jean-Pierre , Wigniolle Bertrand
Published: December 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la distribution d’équilibre de long terme d’une économie peuplée d’agents hétérogènes et caractérisés par un biais pour le présent au sens de l’escompte quasi-hyperbolique. Dans le contexte d’une première configuration avec une fonction d’utilité logarithmique et une technologie de production Cobb-Douglas, cet article établit l’existence et l’unicité de l’équilibre : seul l’agent associé à la plus haute valeur d’un coefficient procédant tout à la fois du coefficient de biais pour le présent et du taux d’escompte pourra bénéficier de valeurs positives pour sa consommation et sa richesse de long terme. Une seconde configuration avec une utilité à élasticité de substitution constante et une technologie de production linéaire est alors envisagée. L’article établit ensuite l’existence et l’unicité de l’équilibre. Il existera de la même façon et génériquement un unique agent bénéficiant du taux de croissance le plus élevé pour sa consommation et sa richesse. La sélection de cet agent résultant aussi bien de caractéristiques afférant aux préférences qu’à la technologie, il vaut de souligner qu’il pourra changer comme suite d’un choc technologique. JEL Classification : E32, C62
Neurobrucellosis in a 9-year-old girl
Authors: Aziz-Ahari Alireza , Mamishi Setareh , Dadkhah Adeleh , Ghazinejadian-Sh Fatemeh S
Published: December 2019

Brucellosis is a zoonotic multi-organ infectious disease most frequent in developing countries. Neurobrucellosis a quite rare but serious complication of brucellosis in the pediatric age group manifests with different neurological symptoms and signs. In the present case a 9-year-old girl was referred to our centre with a 9-months history of headache and back pain, facial nerve palsy and right upper limb weakness. She had undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunting surgery due to communicating hydrocephalus. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spinal extramedullary intradural mass, two epidural collections in the cervical spine and thickening/abnormal enhancement in the basal cisterns with invasion to medulla and pons. The patient's serum and cerebrospinal serologic tests were found positive for brucellosis. The patient was successfully treated by anti-brucella antibiotic therapy.
Extramedullary multiple myeloma with central nervous system and multiorgan involvement: Case report and literature review
Authors: Lee Weiyong , Chen Robert Chun , Swaminathan Saravana Kumar , Ho Chi Long
Published: December 2019

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy due to monoclonal plasma cell proliferation. It is usually confined to the bone marrow, although extramedullary involvement is known to occur in almost any organ system; myelomatous spread to the central nervous system is a rare manifestation of myeloma. Extramedullary disease is thought to be related to hematogenous spread when myeloma cells show decreased cell surface receptor expression, allowing cells to escape from the bone marrow. Disease outside of the bone marrow generally indicates a poor prognosis; central nervous system involvement is associated with a median prognosis of less than 6 months, thereby requiring more aggressive treatment paradigms. We herein describe an unusual case of a patient with extramedullary multiple myeloma with central nervous system and multiorgan involvement. Despite an aggressive treatment strategy, the patient died a few months later after the initial diagnosis. The etiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical presentation, radiological features and differential diagnosis of this patient with extramedullary multiple myeloma are discussed here. The current treatment strategies are also briefly discussed.
VERTICAL TURF FOR GREEN FAÇADES: A VERTICAL GREENERY MODULAR SYSTEM INTEGRATED TO THE BUILDING ENVELOPE
Authors: Santi Giovanni , Bertolazzi Angelo , Croatto Giorgio , Turrini Umberto
Published: December 2019

Research has shown the environmental benefits of green envelopes, as well as performance in terms of energy efficiency. To date, there is no analysis of the economic sustainability of these systems, which has allowed the realization of a few, albeit very well known, examples.

The research has identified a green modular system integrated into the building envelope, designed to facilitate installation and maintenance, with competitive performance compared to other existing solutions; a system that wants to improve performance and flexibility of vertical applications, experimented on buildings, on the market, and able to adapt, above all, to the needs of the building process. It is important to distinguish architectural aesthetic requirements from those of the building process; the former aim to have an authentic vertical garden, with different kinds of plants where nature dictates the rules, the latter aims to achieve the economic sustainability of vertical greenery systems.

This paper provides an analysis of a technique based on the installation of plant bearing modular panels with turf on substructures also provided with a micro-irrigation system, which allows the construction of a modular coating, characterized by reduced thickness, that can also be integrated with other materials; installation is quick and simple, since the panel comes perfectly planted on site. In addition to that it allows, from a botanical point of view, resorting to types of grass selected with a view to climate, exposure, environmental adaptability, color and shape. A comparative analysis of this green façade is also presented compared to other existing case studies, from a constructive and managerial point of view, highlighting both its economic and architectural advantages.
DRIVING FACTORS FOR CONSTRUCTION WASTE MINIMIZATION: EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN HONG KONG AND SHENZHEN
Authors: Wu Zezhou , Yu Ann T.W. , Wang Hao , Wei Yigang , Huo Xiaosen
Published: December 2019

Effective waste management is an important aspect of green building development. However, a number of studies find that construction waste minimization actions are not satisfactorily performed in practice. Thus, it is of significance to identify the driving factors that influence construction practitioners' waste minimization behavior. This paper aims to explore the driving factors by comparing the affecting factors and construction waste minimization behavior between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Firstly, through a comprehensive literature review, potential affecting factors were categorized into five groups: background information variables, construction waste minimization intentions, economic viability, governmental supervision, and project constraints. Based on the identified factors, a questionnaire was initially designed and then refined through a focus group meeting with three experienced experts. A total of 166 questionnaires were collected and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test) were conducted to investigate the underlying driving factors. Results revealed that background information variables play insignificant roles in construction waste minimization. Compared with other affecting factors (i.e., waste minimization intentions, governmental supervision, project constraints), economic viability is the most important driving factor that determines construction waste minimization. Results suggested that local governments should make policies that increase practitioners' profit, rather than just increasing their intentions or regulating waste management behavior.
INDUSTRY PERCEPTIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN KUWAIT
Authors: ISMAEL Dalya , SHEALY Tripp
Published: December 2019

To better meet global sustainable development goals will require more focus on Arab countries like Kuwait, which contribute one and a half times more global greenhouse gas emissions per capita than the United States. Buildings contribute more than half of these emissions. Rating systems like LEED and BREEAM can help reduce energy emissions from buildings globally when used during construction, but these rating systems are not entirely applicable to Kuwait as they are not tailored for its geographic climate and social context, and there is currently no rating system tailored for energy efficient and environmentally sustainable buildings. The research presented in this paper measures the industry's perceptions about sustainable design and construction practices in Kuwait. A synthesized list of sustainable design and construction principles were developed from the six most common rating systems globally that are currently being used in the Arab region. Construction professionals (n = 131) from Kuwait were asked in a qualitative survey which sustainable design principles and construction practices are the most applicable but are not being implemented. The majority of professionals responded that sustainable practices related to water use reduction and renewable energy sources are most applicable but are not currently being implemented. They also responded that sustainable practices related to bicycle facilities, green roofs, and rainwater harvesting are not applicable but are currently being implemented. The lack of training and limited awareness of the benefits of sustainable design and construction may be contributing to the lack of sustainable practices. As a whole, professionals in Kuwait appear to undervalue sustainable design and construction practices that promote environmental sustainability. This study provides a benchmark, indicating a lack of shared viewpoints and illustrates the need for more common objectives and the need for training among design and construction professionals in the region.
Demolition Blues. Resistance Against Demolition Plans in a Danish Disadvantaged Affordable Housing Estate
Authors: Strandholdt Bach Jonas
Published: December 2019

The affordable housing estate Gellerup in Aarhus, Denmark, has been under transformation for the past eight years. Since the final adoption in 2011 of a Master Plan, implemented by the housing association running the estate and the Municipality in close cooperation, demolitions, infrastructural projects, and new constructions have been the order of the day. New national political discussions in 2018 opened for local discussions on the future of the estate, resulting in a City Council decision to work towards further demolitions and transformations than initially agreed upon. The City Council decision aims at creating a different social mix in the estate by removing affordable housing units and building owner-occupied and private rental units, attracting affluent citizens. The decision resulted in various responses from current residents. Here I will examine two forms of “resistance” – outright protest and relocation. I relate the two cases to the ongoing development of the estate and issues of planning and the construction of a particular future for the estate. The article is based on ethnographic research conducted from 2015 to 2019.
Investigating Expressions of Pain and Emotion in Authentic Interpreted Medical Consultations
Authors: Hofer Gertrud
Published: December 2019

This descriptive study, which is based on a PhD research conducted at the University of Zurich and at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences, explores the activity of interpreters. At first sight, the interactions between patients and doctors seem to be fluently and smoothly interpreted. Yet, a closer look at the transcripts of the consultations reveals various conversational difficulties. A striking issue in this data set are the patients' complaints about pain and anxieties which do not always reach the doctors or the nurses, because the interpreters cut out affective parts in their renditions. In such cases, the patients' concerns may simply be lost which prevents doctors or nurses from responding on the emotional level. In other situations, however, the doctors or the nurses miss the opportunity to address the patients' feelings, even if the interpreters convey the patients' concerns to them.
Finding Diverse Failure Scenarios in Autonomous Systems Using Adaptive Stress Testing
Authors: Du Peter , Driggs-Campbell Katherine
Published: December 2019

Identifying and eliminating failure scenarios is critical in the development of autonomous vehicle (AV) systems. However, finding such failures through real-world vehicle-level testing is a difficult task as system disengagements and accidents are rare occurrences. Simulation approaches have been proposed to supplement vehicle-level testing and reduce the costs associated with operating large fleets of autonomous test vehicles. While one can run more vehicles in simulation than in the real world, applying traditional Monte Carlo sampling techniques to find failures still yields an unguided search and a large waste of computing resources. A more directed method than random sampling is needed to identify failure scenarios in a computationally efficient manner. Adaptive Stress Testing (AST) is a method that uses reinforcement learning (RL) paradigms to efficiently find failure scenarios in stochastic sequential decision-making systems. Through iteratively exploring the action space and collecting rewards, AST aims to establish an optimal policy that generates a set of high-probability failure trajectories. However, the trajectories obtained through AST tend to lack diversity and converge to similar failure states. Due to the range of possible accident scenarios an AV can face, such homogeneous failures are not very beneficial in validating a system’s roadworthiness. In this article, we present a method to enhance the expressiveness of the failure scenarios found using AST. By augmenting the reward function used by AST with domain relevant information, we guide the solver to discover more diverse sets of trajectories. We present an implementation using Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). To show the efficacy of our approach, we evaluate the failure trajectories obtained for a vehicle and pedestrian crosswalk scenario. We show that our implementation is able to find more diverse and domain-relevant failures when compared with baseline AST.
Transfer in the use of intensifiers
Authors: Lovrović Leonarda , Pavić Pintarić Anita
Published: December 2019

This paper investigates transfer in the use of English intensifiers by Croatian students of English. Since transfer is an important factor in second language acquisition and is very common in different areas of language use, it has been the subject of various studies. In this paper, we focus on lexical transfer investigating its effects on the use of intensifiers among first-year undergraduate university students of English at Zadar University, Croatia. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine whether there is a connection between the use of intensifiers in L2 and L1, i.e. whether the knowledge of intensifiers in L1 Croatian influences learners' use or knowledge of intensifiers in L2 English. Intensity is a basic human cognitive category and has an important function in communication. Specifically, the speaker expresses emotions or an attitude towards a topic using intensifiers. Furthermore, intensifiers are used in different collocations modifying adjectives, adverbs, and verbs. However, this study focuses only on intensifiers that appear in adverb-adjective collocations, and their use is observed in a relatively large group of language learners at a single point in time. Relevant data are collected using questionnaires as well as cloze-tests and translation tasks which focus on semantics and collocation.
Die Suche nach dem Österreichischen bei Sama Maani
Authors: Šetinc Matej
Published: December 2019

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit der Frage des Politischen in der Literatur von Sam Maani, insbesondere in der Erzählung "Der Heiligenscheinorgasmus". Es wird erklärt, wie die politischen Aspekte des Seins die literarischen Themen in der Erzählung definieren.
Nekaj opomb k prislovnodoločilnem trpniškem vršilcu dejanja v slovenščini s pogledom na francoščino in ruščino
Authors: Istenič Blaž
Published: December 2019

Članek se ukvarja z vprašanjem izražanja trpnika in posebej z možnostmi izražanja trpniškega vršilca dejanja v vlogi prislovnega določila v slovenščini, čemur doda tudi pogleda na isto vprašanje v francoščini in ruščini (povsod glede na standardni oz. knjižni jezik). Najprej so na kratko predstavljeni sodobnejši jezikoslovni pristopi k trpniku (glagolski način kot oblika diateze), potem pa je tematika razdeljena po jezikih. Pri vsakem je najprej orisana klasična delitev trpnih konstrukcij, njihova tvorba in splošne značilnosti. V splošnem sta pri vsakem jeziku obravnavana trpnik s trpnim deležnikom in trpnik z oblikami povratnih glagolov ter njune brezosebkovne ustreznice. Posebna pozornost je posvečena izražanju vršilca dejanja v teh konstrukcijah in opisu njegove rabe ter predlogov, ki ga uvajajo (slovenščina, francoščina; v ruščini je brezpredložen), pri slovenščini je zlasti izpostavljena vloga predložne zveze s strani. V pisnem jeziku je največja raba trpnika zabeležena v strokovnih besedilih, izražanje trpniškega vršilca dejanja pa je v vseh treh jezikih razmeroma redko, posebej maloštevilni so tovrstni primeri pri trpniku z oblikami povratnih glagolov. Normativne slovnice povečini sicer izražanju vršilca dejanja v trpnih konstrukcijah niso preveč naklonjene. Področje je v slovenščini slabo raziskano.
A silvicultura do eucalipto no estado de Goiás: um registro histórico via sensoriamento remoto
Authors: Cabral Escleide Gomes , Barreira Sybelle , Ferreira Manuel Eduardo , Araújo Lázaro Gabriel De Oliveira
Published: December 2019

A demanda global por alimentos e energia vem crescendo nas últimas décadas, frente a uma população mundial estimada em quase 10 bilhões de pessoas em 2050. Junto com este fenômeno, crescem também a pressão para ampliação da fronteira agrícola, para plantio de grãos e de florestas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo mapear as áreas de silvicultura no estado de Goiás, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, entre os anos de 2002 e 2015. Foram utilizadas imagens do sensor Operational Land Imager (OLI) do satélite Landsat-8, processadas nos softwares Arcgis® e ENVI®. A área com florestas plantadas foi estimada, ao longo deste período, por meio de classificação digital supervisionada, método de máxima verossimilhança (Maxver). Verificou-se consideráveis avanços em termos de áreas plantadas em Goiás, constatando-se em 2002 aproximadamente 50.425 ha de floresta plantada, atingindo 162.516 ha em 2015. As mesorregiões goianas com os maiores plantios de florestas foram a Sul, Leste e Norte. A distribuição espacial dos plantios se caracteriza por pequenas áreas e por uma produção não verticalizada dos produtores. Estas informações, de caráter inédito e estratégico, podem orientar a expansão e o aumento de produtividade do setor, conciliando este processo com a conservação ambiental do bioma Cerrado.
Are we better off? Emergency management policy implementation since September 11
Authors: Hildebrand, PhD Sean
Published: December 2019

As public policy continues its evolution, so do theories about policy implementation. One policy field that changed during the twenty-first century is emergency management and homeland security in the United States. Since the September 11 attacks, the federal government attempted to centralize the way government agencies at the federal, state, and local level prepare for and respond to natural, accidental, and terror-related disasters. However, research in the field is split about the effectiveness of this effort during the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. While some feel federal actions taken to prepare for and respond to incidents of natural, accidental, or purposeful intent have been fruitful in preparing the nation for catastrophic events, others say it detracts from the core mission of emergency management. This study considers if the policy changes that occurred during those administrations created a disparity between the policy expectations of the federal government and the actions of local officials in emergency management. The findings show that local emergency management professionals generally reported the implementation of federal policy expectations, and that the odds of doing so increase where respondents report greater “clarity” in the federal policy language. However, differences exist in terms of how local managers view the requirements of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) versus other federal policy demands. This signals that experienced actors may nominally comply with federal policy demands by downplaying those requirements seen as useless in favor of functions that meet jurisdictional needs.
Using the National Weather Service’s impact-based decision support services to prepare for extreme winter storms
Authors: Hosterman, MEM Heather R. , Lazo, PhD Jeffrey K. , Sprague-Hilderbrand, JD Jennifer M. , Adkins, MS Jeffery E.
Published: December 2019

In recent years, the National Weather Service (NWS) increased its focus on providing decision support services to the emergency management community and other core partners to help them understand its forecasts and take appropriate actions in the face of upcoming extreme events. In 2011, the Weather-Ready Nation Strategic Plan began to formalize the NWS approach to impact-based decision support services (IDSS). NWS recognizes IDSS as a primary service and is working to fully and more effectively provide it to federal, state, local, and tribal decision-makers. To do so, it is important that NWS understands how users are benefiting from existing IDSS, even as they look to improve it. This article aims to provide emergency managers (EMs) with an understanding of the efficacy of IDSS. The authors define IDSS and describe the IDSS products and services available during each stage of the emergency-management cycle: preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. To demonstrate the role of IDSS for the emergency management community, the authors use a case study analysis to compare two winter storms in the New York City area with similar characteristics but differing in their implementation of IDSS: the December 2010 winter storm (no formal IDSS) and the January 2016 winter storm (formal IDSS). In comparing the winter storm case studies, the authors find that formal IDSS provides EMs and other core partners with accurate, actionable, and consistent weather information and support that allows them to respond to winter storms in a way that reduces impacts to lives and livelihoods.
A Critical Analysis of Social Development: Features, Definitions, Dimensions and Frameworks
Authors: Mohamed Ali Ishag Adam , Mohammed Mustafa Omar , Barom Mohd. Nizam Bin
Published: December 2019

The concept of development has evolved over the past two centuries. The main idea of economic development expanded from economic growth to poverty alleviation, sustainable development, human development, Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Preliminary findings show that these concepts are mainly focused on the physical and material development, ignoring social development which is very fundamental to development. In recent years, the literatures have begun to emphasise that social development is an important dimension of development and its importance was confirmed globally after introducing SDGs. However, the findings in these works remain inconsistent to what constitutes social development, they lack consensus and clear definition of social development, they focus on the physical dimension of social development and, they emphasise on the physical dimension of social development frameworks. This study aims critically to examine the shortcomings and limitations of existing social development, along with its features, definitions and dimensions. The study also attempts to identify the shortcomings of social development frameworks, and to recommend the direction towards developing social development framework, which will be more comprehensive in nature. The paper employs meta-analysis and content analysis methods through the review and analysis of related literature on development, especially social development.