bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of mitochondrial promoter recognition in humans and other mammalian species
Authors: Zamudio-Ochoa Angelica , Morozov Yaroslav I , Sarfallah Azadeh , Anikin Michael , Temiakov Dmitry
Published: February 2022

Recognition of mammalian mitochondrial promoters requires the concerted action of mitochondrial RNA polymerase (mtRNAP) and transcription initiation factors TFAM and TFB2M. In this work, we found that transcript slippage results in heterogeneity of the human mitochondrial transcripts in vivo and in vitro. This allowed us to correctly interpret the RNAseq data, identify the bona fide transcription start sites (TSS), and assign mitochondrial promoters for > 50% of mammalian species and some other vertebrates. The divergent structure of the mammalian promoters reveals previously unappreciated aspects of mtDNA evolution. The correct assignment of TSS also enabled us to establish the precise register of the DNA in the initiation complex and permitted investigation of the sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions. We determined the molecular basis of promoter recognition by mtRNAP and TFB2M, which cooperatively recognize bases near TSS in a species-specific manner. Our findings reveal a role of mitochondrial transcription machinery in mitonuclear coevolution and speciation.
Persistent DNA damage associated with ATM kinase deficiency promotes microglial dysfunction
Authors: Bourseguin Julie , Cheng Wen , Talbot Emily , Hardy Liana , Lai Jenny , Jeffries Ailsa M , Lodato Michael A , Lee Eunjung Alice , Khoronenkova Svetlana V
Published: February 2022

The autosomal recessive genome instability disorder Ataxia–telangiectasia, caused by mutations in ATM kinase, is characterized by the progressive loss of cerebellar neurons. We find that DNA damage associated with ATM loss results in dysfunctional behaviour of human microglia, immune cells of the central nervous system. Microglial dysfunction is mediated by the pro-inflammatory RELB/p52 non-canonical NF-κB transcriptional pathway and leads to excessive phagocytic clearance of neuronal material. Activation of the RELB/p52 pathway in ATM-deficient microglia is driven by persistent DNA damage and is dependent on the NIK kinase. Activation of non-canonical NF-κB signalling is also observed in cerebellar microglia of individuals with Ataxia–telangiectasia. These results provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of aberrant microglial behaviour in ATM deficiency, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration in Ataxia–telangiectasia.
Non-autonomous stomatal control by pavement cell turgor via the K+ channel subunit AtKC1
Authors: Nieves-Cordones Manuel , Azeem Farrukh , Long Yuchen , Boeglin Martin , Duby Geoffrey , Mouline Karine , Hosy Eric , Vavasseur Alain , Chérel Isabelle , Simonneau Thierry , Gaymard Frédéric , Leung Jeffrey , Gaillard Isabelle , Thibaud Jean-Baptiste , Véry Anne-Aliénor , Boudaoud Arezki , Sentenac Hervé
Published: February 2022

Stomata optimize land plants’ photosynthetic requirements and limit water vapor loss. So far, all of the molecular and electrical components identified as regulating stomatal aperture are produced, and operate, directly within the guard cells. However, a completely autonomous function of guard cells is inconsistent with anatomical and biophysical observations hinting at mechanical contributions of epidermal origins. Here, potassium (K+) assays, membrane potential measurements, microindentation, and plasmolysis experiments provide evidence that disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana K+ channel subunit gene AtKC1 reduces pavement cell turgor, due to decreased K+ accumulation, without affecting guard cell turgor. This results in an impaired back pressure of pavement cells onto guard cells, leading to larger stomatal apertures. Poorly rectifying membrane conductances to K+ were consistently observed in pavement cells. This plasmalemma property is likely to play an essential role in K+ shuttling within the epidermis. Functional complementation reveals that restoration of the wild-type stomatal functioning requires the expression of the transgenic AtKC1 at least in the pavement cells and trichomes. Altogether, the data suggest that AtKC1 activity contributes to the building of the back pressure that pavement cells exert onto guard cells by tuning K+ distribution throughout the leaf epidermis.
Innovation and appropriation in mycorrhizal and rhizobial Symbioses
Authors: Wang Dapeng , Dong Wentao , Murray Jeremy , Wang Ertao
Published: February 2022

Most land plants benefit from endosymbiotic interactions with mycorrhizal fungi, including legumes and some nonlegumes that also interact with endosymbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria to form nodules. In addition to these helpful interactions, plants are continuously exposed to would-be pathogenic microbes: discriminating between friends and foes is a major determinant of plant survival. Recent breakthroughs have revealed how some key signals from pathogens and symbionts are distinguished. Once this checkpoint has been passed and a compatible symbiont is recognized, the plant coordinates the sequential development of two types of specialized structures in the host. The first serves to mediate infection, and the second, which appears later, serves as sophisticated intracellular nutrient exchange interfaces. The overlap in both the signaling pathways and downstream infection components of these symbioses reflects their evolutionary relatedness and the common requirements of these two interactions. However, the different outputs of the symbioses, phosphate uptake versus N fixation, require fundamentally different components and physical environments and necessitated the recruitment of different master regulators, NODULE INCEPTION-LIKE PROTEINS, and PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSES, for nodulation and mycorrhization, respectively.
Plant–microbe interactions in the apoplast: Communication at the plant cell wall
Authors: Dora Susanne , Terrett Oliver M , Sánchez-Rodríguez Clara
Published: February 2022

The apoplast is a continuous plant compartment that connects cells between tissues and organs and is one of the first sites of interaction between plants and microbes. The plant cell wall occupies most of the apoplast and is composed of polysaccharides and associated proteins and ions. This dynamic part of the cell constitutes an essential physical barrier and a source of nutrients for the microbe. At the same time, the plant cell wall serves important functions in the interkingdom detection, recognition, and response to other organisms. Thus, both plant and microbe modify the plant cell wall and its environment in versatile ways to benefit from the interaction. We discuss here crucial processes occurring at the plant cell wall during the contact and communication between microbe and plant. Finally, we argue that these local and dynamic changes need to be considered to fully understand plant–microbe interactions.
Structure of the Ω baryon and the kaon cloud
Authors: Jun Yu-Son , Kim Hyun-Chul , Kim June-Young , Suh Jung-Min
Published: February 2022

We investigate the effects of the kaon cloud on the electromagnetic and axial-vector form factors of the Ω− baryon within the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model. We first derive the profile function of the chiral soliton in such a way that the kaon Yukawa tail is properly produced self-consistently. Then, we compute the electromagnetic form factors of the Ω− baryon. The results for the electromagnetic form factors are compared with the lattice data. We find that the results with the kaon tail are in better agreement with the lattice data than those obtained with the pion tail. We also study the axial-vector form factors of the Ω− baryon, examining the effects of the kaon cloud.
Glycine increased ferroptosis via SAM-mediated GPX4 promoter methylation in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ling Hanzhi , Li Man , Yang Chenglin , Sun Siyuan , Zhang Wei , Zhao Lin , Xu Nannan , Zhang Jinhao , Shen Yecheng , Zhang Xu , Liu Can , Lu Liangjing , Wang Jianguang
Published: February 2022

Objective

Over-proliferation of synovium is a key event of invasive pannus formation and cartilage damage in the progression of RA disease. At the same time, ferroptosis may play a pivotal role in maintaining the balance of proliferation and death of synovium. In this study, we firstly evaluated the ferroptosis level in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and then explored the role of glycine in ferroptosis.

Methods

Ferroptosis was evaluated in RA synovium and FLS. The therapeutic effect of glycine on RA was evaluated by clinical and histopathological score and cytokine level in a CIA mouse model. The influence of glycine on ferroptosis was evaluated by mitochondrial morphology observation and membrane potential assay in RA FLS. Methylase expression was detected to explore the mechanism behind the effect of glycine on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) methylation.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, ferroptosis decreased in the RA synovium and FLS, with a decrease in Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase Long Chain 4 (ACSL4) and an increase in Ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), GPX4 and cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Although both oxidation and antioxidation levels of lipids were higher in RA FLS than in healthy controls, the increase in antioxidation was slightly higher than oxidation. RNA-seq and verification showed that glycine regulated the ferroptosis pathway through increase S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) concentration and decrease the expression of GPX4 and FTH1 by promoting SAM-mediated GPX4 promoter methylation and reducing FTH1 expression in RA FLS.

Conclusions

In summary, we confirmed a decline in ferroptosis in RA and explored that glycine enhanced ferroptosis via SAM-mediated GPX4 promoter methylation and ferritin decrease.
Gene signature fingerprints stratify SLE patients in groups with similar biological disease profiles: a multicentre longitudinal study
Authors: Wahadat M Javad , Schonenberg-Meinema Dieneke , van Helden-Meeuwsen Cornelia G , van Tilburg Sander J , Groot Noortje , Schatorjé Ellen J H , Hoppenreijs Esther P A H , Hissink Muller Petra C E , Brinkman Danielle M C , Dvorak Denis , Verkaaik Marleen , van den Berg J Merlijn , Bouchalova Kateřina , Kamphuis Sylvia , Versnel Marjan A
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Clinical phenotyping and predicting treatment responses in SLE patients is challenging. Extensive blood transcriptional profiling has identified various gene modules that are promising for stratification of SLE patients. We aimed to translate existing transcriptomic data into simpler gene signatures suitable for daily clinical practice.

Methods

Real-time PCR of multiple genes from the IFN M1.2, IFN M5.12, neutrophil (NPh) and plasma cell (PLC) modules, followed by a principle component analysis, was used to identify indicator genes per gene signature. Gene signatures were measured in longitudinal samples from two childhood-onset SLE cohorts (n = 101 and n = 34, respectively), and associations with clinical features were assessed. Disease activity was measured using Safety of Estrogen in Lupus National Assessment (SELENA)-SLEDAI. Cluster analysis subdivided patients into three mutually exclusive fingerprint-groups termed (1) all-signatures-low, (2) only IFN high (M1.2 and/or M5.12) and (3) high NPh and/or PLC.

Results

All gene signatures were significantly associated with disease activity in cross-sectionally collected samples. The PLC-signature showed the highest association with disease activity. Interestingly, in longitudinally collected samples, the PLC-signature was associated with disease activity and showed a decrease over time. When patients were divided into fingerprints, the highest disease activity was observed in the high NPh and/or PLC group. The lowest disease activity was observed in the all-signatures-low group. The same distribution was reproduced in samples from an independent SLE cohort.

Conclusions

The identified gene signatures were associated with disease activity and were indicated to be suitable tools for stratifying SLE patients into groups with similar activated immune pathways that may guide future treatment choices.
JAK2V617F Mutant Megakaryocytes Contribute to Hematopoietic Aging in a Murine Model of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm
Authors: Lee Sandy , Wong Helen , Castiglione Melissa , Murphy Malea , Kaushansky Kenneth , Zhan Huichun
Published: February 2022

Megakaryocytes (MKs) is an important component of the hematopoietic niche. Abnormal MK hyperplasia is a hallmark feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The JAK2V617F mutation is present in hematopoietic cells in a majority of patients with MPNs. Using a murine model of MPN in which the human JAK2V617F gene is expressed in the MK lineage, we show that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs promote hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) aging, manifesting as myeloid-skewed hematopoiesis with an expansion of CD41+ HSCs, a reduced engraftment and self-renewal capacity, and a reduced differentiation capacity. HSCs from 2-year-old mice with JAK2V617F-bearing MKs were more proliferative and less quiescent than HSCs from age-matched control mice. Examination of the marrow hematopoietic niche reveals that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs not only have decreased direct interactions with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells during aging but also suppress the vascular niche function during aging. Unbiased RNA expression profiling reveals that HSC aging has a profound effect on MK transcriptomic profiles, while targeted cytokine array shows that the JAK2V617F-bearing MKs can alter the hematopoietic niche through increased levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic factors. Therefore, as a hematopoietic niche cell, MKs represent an important connection between the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms for HSC aging.
Reassortment of Infectious Clones of Radish Mosaic Virus Shows that Systemic Necrosis inNicotiana benthamianaIs Determined by RNA1
Authors: Hu Wen-Xing , Seo Eun-Young , Cho In-Sook , Kim Jung-Kyu , Song Zhengxing , Kim Kang-Hee , Eom Won-Seob , Jung Sung-Hoon , Hammond John , Lim Hyoun-Sub
Published: February 2022

Three infectious clones of radish mosaic virus (RaMV) were generated from isolates collected in mainland Korea (RaMV-Gg) and Jeju Island (RaMV-Aa and RaMV-Bb). These isolates differed in sequences and pathogenicity. Examination of the wild-type isolates and reassortants between the genomic RNA1 and RNA2 of these three isolates revealed that severe symptoms were associated with RNA1 of isolates Aa or Gg causing systemic necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana, or with RNA1 of isolate Bb for induction of veinal necrosis and severe mosaic symptoms in radish. Reverse transcription, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (Q-RT-PCR), results from infected N. benthamiana confirmed that viral RNA2 accumulation level was correlated to RaMV necrosis-inducing ability, and that the RNA2 accumulation level was mostly dependent on the origin of RNA1. However, in radish, Q-RT-PCR results showed more similar viral RNA2 accumulation levels regardless of the ability of the isolate to induce necrosis. Phylogenetic analysis of genomic RNAs sequence including previously characterized isolates from North America, Europe, and Asia suggest possible recombination within RNA1, while analysis of concatenated RNA1+RNA2 sequences indicates that reassortment of RNA1 and RNA2 has been more important in the evolution of RaMV isolates than recombination. Korean isolate Aa is a potential reassortant between isolates RaMV-J and RaMV-TW, while isolate Bb might have evolved from reassortment between isolates RaMV-CA and RaMV-J. The Korean isolates were shown to also be able to infect Chinese cabbage, raising concerns that RaMV may spread from radish fields to the Chinese cabbage crop in Korea, causing further economic losses.
Characterization of Colletotrichum Isolates Causing Colletotrichum Dieback of Citrus in California
Authors: Camiletti Boris X. , Lichtemberg Paulo S. F. , Paredes Juan A. , Carraro Thiago A. , Velascos Jhordan , Michailides Themis J.
Published: February 2022

Dieback caused by Colletotrichum spp. is an emerging disease in California citrus groves. A large-scale survey with emphasis on seasonal variations of latent infections was conducted throughout citrus orchards in Fresno, Kern, and Tulare counties in 2019 and 2020. Latent infections on citrus leaves and twigs varied markedly between years. Isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were obtained from asymptomatic tissue, and two groups were formed based on colony and spore morphology. The morphological groups were further identified based on multigene sequence analysis using the DNA regions ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, TUB2, and GAPDH. Results revealed that isolates belong to two phylogenetic species, C. gloeosporioides and C. karstii, being C. karstii more frequently isolated. Representative isolates of each species were further selected and characterized based on the response of physiological variables to temperature. Both species had similar optimum growth temperatures but differed in maximum growth rates, with C. gloeosporioides exhibiting a greater growth rate than that of C. karstii on media. Pathogenicity tests on citrus trees demonstrated the ability of C. gloeosporioides and C. karstii to cause lesions on twigs and no differences in aggressiveness. A fungicide screening performed in this study determined that the DMI fungicides were the most effective in reducing the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides and C. karstii. The QoI fungicides showed a remarkably inhibitory impact on spore germination of both species. On average, C. karstii was more sensitive to the DMI fungicides than C. gloeosporioides. The findings of this study provide new information to understand the Colletotrichum dieback of citrus.
Unintended Deviations of a Random Event Generator by Patients With Late Life Depression and Anxiety During a Direct Mental Influence Task
Authors: Kadler Grace , Vasudev Akshya , Ionson Emily , Barušs Imants
Published: February 2022

The primary objective was to determine whether depression and anxiety influence the outcome of random microevents in a nonrandom manner in the absence of any physical intervention by using a random event generator (REG). The secondary objective was to correlate other dimensions of consciousness with the REG's output. The experimental group (n = 30) included individuals with depression, the control group (n = 15) included individuals without depression, and the comparison group (n = 10) included individuals with or without depression. It was hypothesized that those with depression or anxiety would significantly deviate the REG in the unintended direction but the whole sample did [t(49) = −2.37, p = 0.022, two tailed]. There was no significant difference between the group means [F(2, 50) = 0.12, p = 0.84] and no robust correlations between dimensions of consciousness and REG activity. Further analysis is needed to understand negative emotions in mind-matter interactions.
Curricular and Clinical Innovation Engaging Undergraduate Nursing Students to Build a Resilient Primary Care Workforce
Authors: Nichols Lynn Stover , Pollio E. Whitney , Patton Emily , Johnson Cori , Shirey Maria R.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Primary care health settings provide access to services for underserved populations, yet baccalaureate (BSN)-prepared nurses are currently underutilized on the primary care health care team.

Problem:

BSN curricula often focus on acute care settings for clinical experiences, and students may not be aware of the scope and impact the RN has in a primary care setting. This gap in experiences may lead to overlooking primary care employment opportunities.

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative course that builds the primary care nurse workforce capacity.

Approach:

An undergraduate elective course focusing on primary care didactic and clinical experiences was created.

Outcomes:

Qualitative student feedback regarding the course was positive, while quantitative data revealed an above-average course outcome rating.

Conclusions:

An effective intervention to increase workforce capacity in primary care settings is to immerse students in primary care concepts and experiences in a formal, combined didactic and clinical course.
Relationships Among Resilience, Stress, and Persistence in Prenursing Students During COVID-19
Authors: Urban Regina W. , Jennings Leslie A. , Cipher Daisha J.
Published: February 2022

Background:

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created personal, financial, and academic challenges for prenursing students, which may hinder academic persistence. Understanding and supporting their well-being is important, as they prepare to apply to nursing programs.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships among stress, resilience, and academic persistence in prenursing students intending to apply to either an on-campus or accelerated online nursing program.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive correlational research design was used. Online survey data (N = 364) were collected during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results:

Campus-based prenursing students reported higher levels of stress and lower levels of resilience than their accelerated online counterparts. A significant negative relationship was noted between stress and scores on resilience and persistence measures in both groups.

Conclusions:

Program-specific interventions promoting resilience and stress management techniques are needed to support prenursing student persistence, especially as they prepare for admission to nursing programs.
Benefits of Reporting and Analyzing Nursing Students' Near-Miss Medication Incidents
Authors: Dennison Susan , Freeman Michelle , Giannotti Natalie , Ravi Padma
Published: February 2022

Background:

Developing competencies in reporting medication errors and near-miss incidents is a critical component of nursing student education. The benefits of reporting near-miss incidents by nursing students are unknown.

Purpose:

The aim was to analyze nursing students' near-miss incident reports for types of incidents and their contributing factors, assess the effectiveness of current procedures in catching these errors, and offer guidance on curricular improvements for medication administration content.

Method:

This quality improvement project analyzed 3 years of near-miss incidents (N = 236) submitted through the school's incident reporting system.

Results:

Five incident types accounted for 81.4% of incidents. Factors contributing to most incidents were communication (47.9%), competency and education (44.1%), environmental/human limitations (35.2%), and policies/procedures (29.2%).

Conclusion:

Safety experts emphasize that near-miss reports offer free lessons to prevent future errors. Nursing students' near-miss reporting is beneficial for both students and nursing programs.
Nursing Students' Dissatisfaction With Course Organization and Student Engagement in Remote Learning 1 Year Post-COVID-19 Restrictions
Authors: Bowser Amy S. , Kazakoff Megan A. , Scott Paul W. , Dunbar-Jacob Jacqueline
Published: February 2022

Background:

Undergraduate and doctoral nursing students enrolled in face-to-face (F2F) learning transitioned abruptly to remote learning in March 2020. Few studies have focused on these nursing students' satisfaction with remote learning a year after the unplanned transition.

Purpose:

Undergraduate and doctoral students' satisfaction with remote and F2F learning regarding course organization and student engagement were examined.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 522 nursing students at a research intensive university in the eastern United States. Survey data were analyzed with an analysis of variance to compare students' remote and F2F learning satisfaction within the undergraduate and doctoral programs.

Results:

Results indicated that nursing students who enrolled in F2F learning preferred F2F to remote learning (P < .001). Differences in satisfaction existed among programs (P = .035) and among undergraduate class levels (P < .001).

Conclusion:

It is essential to learn why nursing students were dissatisfied with remote learning to improve these types of learning experiences in the future.
Laparoscopic deroofing of recurrent giant echinococcal and simple liver cysts in Uganda: a case series
Authors: Okello Michael , Nuwagaba Julius , Nduhukire Florence D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction and importance:

Liver cysts are a common liver disease, classified into simple and complex cysts. Simple liver cysts present the commonest benign liver disease while echinococcal liver cysts are part of the complex cysts found among pastoral communities. Liver cysts usually become symptomatic when they increase to sizes >5 cm that require percutaneous drainage, open or laparoscopic surgical intervention. Laparoscopic liver cyst deroofing with or without omentoplasty is not routinely practiced in resource-limited settings.

Case presentation:

Case 1; a 22-year-old female with a recurrent echinococcal liver cyst diagnosed by contrasted abdominal computed tomography scan, and case 2; a 71-year-old female with a recurrent simple liver cyst. Both patients had undergone prior ultrasound-guided cyst drainage. For case 1, PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, and reaspiration) was done by injecting 20% hypertonic saline to inactivate the scolocides before cyst deroofing. Omentoplasty was not done in both patients but the remnant cyst cavities in each case were cauterized to minimize recurrence. Both patients were discharged on the sixth and second postoperative days, respectively, without complications.

Clinical discussion:

Laparoscopic and open deroofing, enucleation, excision, and rarely hepatectomy have less recurrence rates for liver cysts than percutaneous drainage. These 2 reported cases had undergone ultrasound-guided drainage but had cyst recurrence. Laparoscopic liver cyst deroofing with cyst cavity cauterization with or without omentoplasty has good outcomes.

Conclusion:

We therefore, report successful laparoscopic liver cyst deroofing of recurrent giant echinococcal and simple liver cysts in Uganda and encourage this relatively new technique in our setting.
Bioactivity of Amaranthus spinosus L. leaf extracts and meals against Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Patalinghug Jenny Marie Remonde , Padayao Mary Hannah Rose Abadinas , Angeles Isagani Pablo , Yee Jonie Calisogan
Published: February 2022

Plant-based protein is being sought after as a substitute for fish meals (powdered fish) in tilapia feeds. This is to promote sustainable aquaculture, as fish meals contribute to the dwindling marine fish catch. Amaranthus spinosus is an edible weed that shows potential to improve the growth and immunity of Nile tilapia. However, most studies only consider the survivability of fish to evaluate the benefit of using plant-based feeds and do not necessarily elucidate whether a pathogen is affected in vivo. A. spinosus leaf meals (ASLMs) were used to determine effectiveness against

Aeromonas hydrophila

(BIOTECH 10089) injected intraperitoneally into Nile tilapia. Formulated feeds with fish meals substituted with 50 % (ASLM50) and 75 % (ASLM75) A. spinosus leaves were fed to Nile tilapia challenged with

A. hydrophila

. Then spleen and kidney tissue were collected and analysed 10 days post-injection for total plate count. The fish fed with ASLM50 appeared healthier than those fed with ASLM75 and those fed with control feeds. Fish fed with ASLMs had lower

A. hydrophila

counts (P=0.03). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity determination for crude methanolic A. spinosus leaf (ASL) and ASLMs were also conducted to enhance the in vivo results. The metabolites present in the extracts were carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, cardiac glycosides, saponins and terpenoids. The ASL and ASLM extracts had antimicrobial activity (MIC=115 mg ml−1). Overall, the study showed that ASLMs can make tilapia more resilient against

A. hydrophila

infections. Fish meal substitution was best at 50 %. Higher substitution had unwanted effects (more bacterial counts), possibly due to antinutritional factors.
Factors associated with iron deficiency and how they can be used in blood donor selection processes
Authors: Ekroos Sofie , Arvas Mikko , Castrén Johanna
Published: February 2022

Background and objectives

In an effort to improve donor health, we set out to investigate determinants other than blood donation that increase risk of ID in a healthy population and if they should be implemented into current blood donor selection processes.

Methods

We systematically searched the PubMed, Ovid Medline and Scopus for articles related to ID.

Results

Current evidence suggests that several determinants, including biological, environmental, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors increase the risk for ID.

Conclusions

Heavy menstruation, use of some medications and dietary factors could potentially be implemented in donor selection, however further study is needed.
Structural basis of streptomycin off-target binding to human mitoribosome
Authors: Itoh Yuzuru , Khawaja Anas , Singh Vivek , Naschberger Andreas , Rorbach Joanna , Amunts Alexey
Published: February 2022

The ribosome in mitochondria regulates cellular energy production, and its deactivation is associated with pathologies and ageing. Inhibition of human mitoribosome can be caused by antimicrobial off-target binding, which leads to clinical appearances. The anti-tuberculosis drug aminoglycoside streptomycin targets the small subunit and was shown to be coupled with a bilateral decreased visual acuity with central scotomas and an altered mitochondrial structure. Previously, we reported mitochondria-specific aspects of translation related to specialties of the human mitoribosome (Aibara et al., 2020). In this Research advance article, we report 2.23-Å resolution structure of the human mitoribosomal small subunit in complex with streptomycin. The structural data reveals new details of the streptomycin interactions, including specific water molecules and metal ions involved in the coordination. The density for the streptose moiety reveals that previously modeled aldehyde group appears as a loosely bound density, and the hydroxyl group is not resolved. The density replacing the aldehyde group is within hydrogen bonding distance of four phosphate groups of rRNA, suggesting that the ribosome-bound streptomycin is likely to be in the hydrated gem-diol form rather than in the free aldehyde form. Since streptomycin is a widely used drug for treatment, the newly resolved fine features can serve as determinants for targeting.
Stability and volatility shape the gut bacteriome and mycobiome dynamics in a pig model
Authors: Feehan Brandi , Ran Qinghong , Dorman Victoria , Rumback Kourtney , Pogranichniy Sophia , Ward Kaitlyn , Goodband Robert , Niederwerder Megan C , Summers Katie Lynn , Lee Sonny T M
Published: February 2022

The gut microbiome plays important roles in the maintenance of health and pathogenesis of diseases in the growing host. In order to fully comprehend the interplay of the gut microbiome and host, a foundational understanding of longitudinal bacteriome and mycobiome development is necessary. In this study, we evaluated enteric bacterial, fungal and host dynamics throughout the lifetime of commercial swine. We collected a total of 234 fecal samples from 9 pigs across 31 time points in 3 developmental stages (5 preweaning, 15 nursery, and 11 growth adult). We then performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing for bacterial profiles and qPCR for the fungus Kazachstania slooffiae. We identified distinct bacteriome clustering according to the host developmental stage, with the preweaning stage exhibiting low bacterial diversity and high volatility amongst samples. We further recovered clusters of bacterial populations that were considered core, transient and increasing throughout the host lifetime, suggesting distinct yet important roles by which these differing bacterial population clusters played in the different host stages. Kazachstania slooffiae was absent in the preweaning stage but peaked during the nursery stage of the host. We determined that all host growth stages contained negative correlations between K. slooffiae and bacterial genera, with only the growth adult stage containing positive correlates. The lack of positive correlates and shared K. slooffiae-bacteria interactions between stages warrants future research into the interactions amongst these kingdoms for host health. This research is foundational for understanding how the bacteriome and mycobiome develop singularly, as well as within a complex ecosystem in the host’s gut environment.
Functional analysis of a novel de novo variant in PPP5C associated with microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay
Authors: Fielder Sara M. , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Burrage Lindsay C. , Emrick Lisa , Lalani Seema , Attali Ruben , Bembenek Joshua N. , Hoang Hieu , Baldridge Dustin , Silverman Gary A. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Schedl Tim , Pak Stephen C.
Published: February 2022

We describe a proband evaluated through the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) who presented with microcephaly, developmental delay, and refractory epilepsy with a de novo p.Ala47Thr missense variant in the protein phosphatase gene, PPP5C. This gene has not previously been associated with a Mendelian disease, and based on the population database, gnomAD, the gene has a low tolerance for loss-of-function variants (pLI=1, o/e=0.07). We functionally evaluated the PPP5C variant in C. elegans by knocking the variant into the orthologous gene, pph-5, at the corresponding residue, Ala48Thr. We employed assays in three different biological processes where pph-5 was known to function through opposing the activity of genes, mec-15 and sep-1. We demonstrated that, in contrast to control animals, the pph-5 Ala48Thr variant suppresses the neurite growth phenotype and the GABA signaling defects of mec-15 mutants, and the embryonic lethality of sep-1 mutants. The Ala48Thr variant did not display dominance and behaved similarly to the reference pph-5 null, indicating that the variant is likely a strong hypomorph or complete loss-of-function. We conclude that pph-5 Ala48Thr is damaging in C. elegans. By extension in the proband, PPP5C p.Ala47Thr is likely damaging, the de novo dominant presentation is consistent with haplo-insufficiency, and the PPP5C variant is likely responsible for one or more of the proband’s phenotypes.
PAX6 LIMITS THE COMPETENCE OF DEVELOPING CEREBRAL CORTICAL CELLS
Authors: Manuel Martine , Tan Kai Boon , Kozic Zrinko , Molinek Michael , Marcos Tiago Sena , Abd Razak Maizatul Fazilah , Dobolyi Dániel , Dobie Ross , Henderson Beth E. P. , Henderson Neil C. , Chan Wai Kit , Daw Michael I. , Mason John O. , Price David J.
Published: February 2022

The development of stable specialized cell types in multicellular organisms relies on mechanisms controlling inductive intercellular signals and the competence of cells to respond to such signals. In developing cerebral cortex, progenitors generate only glutamatergic excitatory neurons despite being exposed to signals with the potential to initiate the production of other neuronal types, suggesting that their competence is limited. Here we tested the hypothesis that this limitation is due to their expression of transcription factor Pax6. We used bulk and single cell RNAseq to show that conditional cortex-specific Pax6 deletion from the onset of cortical neurogenesis allowed some progenitors to generate abnormal lineages resembling those normally found outside the cortex. Analysis of selected gene expression showed that the changes occurred in specific spatiotemporal patterns. We then compared the responses of control and Pax6-deleted cortical cells to in vivo and in vitro manipulations of extracellular signals. We found that Pax6 loss increased cortical progenitors’ competence to generate inappropriate lineages in response to extracellular factors normally present in developing cortex, including the morphogens Shh and Bmp4. Regional variation in the levels of these factors could explain spatiotemporal patterns of fate change following Pax6 deletion in vivo. We propose that Pax6’s main role in developing cortical cells is to minimize the risk of their development being derailed by the potential side-effects of morphogens engaged contemporaneously in other essential functions.
trans-Bis(4-aminopyridine-κN)bis(quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolato-κ2
S,S′)platinum(IV) dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate
Authors: Hu Jiandu , Nesterov Volodymyr V. , Smucker Bradley W.
Published: February 2022

In the structure of the title solvated complex, [Pt(C8H4N2S2)2(C5H6N2)2]·C2H6OS or trans-[Pt(4-ap)2(qdt)2]·dmso (4-ap = 4-aminopyridyl, C5H6N2; qdt = quinoxaline-2,3-dithiolate, C8H4N2S2; dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide, C2H6OS) the centrosymmetric complex exhibits Pt—S distances in agreement with other PtIV—S bond lengths found in platinum(IV) dithiolene complexes. The qdt ligands have intermolecular interactions with an amine hydrogen atom on a 4-ap ligand (hydrogen bonding) and have sandwich π–π interactions with a neighboring qdt ligand.
An informed practice for leading change collaboratively
Authors: Lawrence Eleanor , Weisfeld-Spolter Suri , Tworoger Leslie , Yurova Yuliya , Mujtaba Bahaudin G.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to offer an informed method of collaboration for leaders in organizations to support adaptation to dynamic changes and challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative analysis was undertaken to utilize change style preferences and personal resources in coping and responding to the extraordinary change brought about by the Covid pandemic. The Change Style Indicator (CSI) instrument and a qualitative reflection were the methods used to understand the near-term effect of this crisis.

Findings

Our findings require leaders to focus change efforts beyond organizational structure, as the work of change leadership is built upon interpersonal and individual responses and behaviors. Recommendations for leading through and recovering during dynamic change require customizing leader responses using inherent individual preferences for change and personal resource needs beyond system-wide organizational change initiatives

Originality/value

The paper offers an informed and intentional practice of leading during abrupt unpredictable change by examining typical change style preferences and reflections on personal resources utilized to respond during dynamic change. A strong recommendation for empathetic and collaborative leadership practice to support all stakeholders to adapt to change events is presented. Providing insight into how individuals typically respond to complex, unplanned change, helps inform and increase leadership capabilities and capacities for adapting during complex change.
A novel closed-form solutions method based on the product of exponential model for the minimally invasive surgical robot
Authors: Song Tao , Pan Bo , Niu Guojun , Fu Yili
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This study aims to represent a novel closed-form solutions method based on the product of the exponential model to solve the inverse kinematics of a robotic manipulator. In addition, this method is applied to master–slave control of the minimally invasive surgical (MIS) robot.

Design/methodology/approach

For MIS robotic inverse kinematics, the closed-form solutions based on the product of the exponential model of manipulators are divided into the RRR and RRT subproblems. Geometric and algebraic constraints are used as preconditions to solve two subproblems. In addition, several important coordinate systems are established on the surgical robot and master–slave mapping strategies are illustrated in detail. Finally, the MIS robot can realize master–slave control by combining closed-form solutions and master–slave mapping strategy.

Findings

The simulation of the instrument manipulator based on the RRR and RRT subproblems is executed to verify the correctness of the proposed closed-form solutions. The fact that the accuracy of the closed-form solutions is better than that of the compensation method is validated by the contrastive linear trajectory experiment, and the average and the maximum tracking errors are 0.1388 mm and 0.3047 mm, respectively. In the animal experiment, the average and maximum tracking error of the left instrument manipulator are 0.2192 mm and 0.4987 mm, whereas the average and maximum tracking error of the right instrument manipulator are 0.1885 mm and 0.6933 mm. The successful completion of the animal experiment comprehensively demonstrated the feasibility and reliability of the master–slave control strategy based on the novel closed-form solutions.

Originality/value

The proposed closed-form solutions are error-free in theory. The master–slave control strategy is not affected by calculation error when the closed-form solutions are used in the surgical robot. And the accuracy and reliability of the master–slave control strategy are greatly improved.
Sharing economy in the new hospitality: consumer perspective
Authors: Julião Jorge , Gaspar Marcelo , Farinha Luis , Trindade Maria A.M.
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The aim of the paper is to assist hospitality business, operating in a sharing economy model and responding to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) crisis. It is argued that the creation of a strategy to face COVID-19 crisis should be focussed on what the guests valued most. The paper focusses on the Airbnb service, which is the leading platform in accommodation inside the sharing economy, to explore the consumer profile and analyse its motivations to use hospitality service, based on socio-demographic characteristics and user experience.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses a questionnaire survey targeting tourists who have experience using the Airbnb service. A total of 380 valid responses were analysed with statistical package programme for the social sciences (SPSS), performing a multivariate variance analyses (MANOVA) and univariate analysis (UNIANOVA), which corresponds to five of the main motivations regarding Airbnb booking.

Findings

The results show a motivation increase towards the sharing economy and benefits of the sharing economy for customers between 41 and 60 years of age. It was also observed that consumers with a monthly income below the average salary level are less keen to prefer the sharing economy philosophy. Controversially, the results also show that more than 80% of the guests do not want to share the room with people they are not related to.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the understanding of consumers' behaviour by discussing the potential of the accommodation sharing model for the post-COVID recovery of the hospitality sector.
Police selectivity “on demand”: the role of organisational justice in promoting procedural justice
Authors: Van Praet Sarah
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper presents the results of an action research with a Brussels’ police force. This research aimed to identify elements or mechanisms within police selectivity that put pressure on the relationship between the public and the police and affect the equal treatment of individuals and groups. Montjardet (1996) looks to understand structural, organisational of other factors as weighing on police selectivity. This article focusses more precisely on the interaction between organisational justice on striving to improve procedural justice.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was made possible through a partnership between UNIA, the PolBruNo police force and the National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC). The methodology of this two-year action research around two phases. The first one led through (22) interviews with management, (200 h of) observations and three group analysis to a shared diagnosis of problems regarding police selectivity. The action part centered on intervisions with the patrol officers based during further (over 420 h of) observations, giving extra information that has been integrated in the analysis.

Findings

This research points out that even when police interventions are oriented by the demands of the public – public that sometimes formulates demands based on (ethnic) stereotypes – the intervention can be problematic. Organisational aspects played an important role in how the intervention unfolded: if those demands will be treated rather as orders given by the caller or as problematic situations needing analysis by the police officers. The paper arguments that organisational justice as experienced by the police officers impact how much consideration will be given to procedural justice.

Originality/value

Many scholars have shed a light on the various situations patrol officers deal with and identified problems regarding police selectivity. Procedural justice was developed as an interesting notion to look at the relation of police officers and the (diverse groups within the) public as well as the broader impact of these encounters. The importance to look to the organisational level in the decisions made by the police officers has also been established. The paper arguments that organisational justice as experienced by the police officers impact how much consideration will be given to procedural justice.
On the Relation between Finiteness and Clause Size: Evidence from Romanian and Southern Italo‐Romance Irrealis Clauses*
Authors: Groothuis Kim A.
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the relationship between finiteness and clause size, taking Romance varieties with an irrealis subordinator as a case study:che/chiin upper southern Italian dialects (USIDs),cuin Salentino,mi/mu/main southern Calabrian, andsăin Romanian. The last three of these, but not the first, also replace many uses of the infinitive. On a view of finiteness as the result of anchoring of Tense and Person (Groothuis 2020), these irrealis clauses constitute a different degree of finiteness when selected by a functional verb than when selected by a lexical verb. The question thus arises of whether a reduction in finiteness corresponds to a reduction in clause structure. Tests show that these irrealis subordinators form a non‐homogeneous category. Only USIDche/chiand Romaniansăcan be analysed as regular complementisers. Salentinocuand southern Calabrianmu,in contrast, occupy av‐related position when selected by aspectuals, a T‐related position when selected by modals, and FinP when selected by lexical verbs. The reduced degree of finiteness thus does not correspond to a reduced clause in all varieties. The conclusion is therefore that the same level of finiteness does not necessarily translate into the same amount of functional structure.
Correction of severe hyponatremia by continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis with regional citrate anticoagulation: A case series
Authors: Ling Kin Ho Steven , Wu Ping , Chan King‐Chung
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance in critically ill patients. Management of intensive care unit patients with concurrent hyponatremia and renal failure requiring dialysis is challenging especially with regional citrate anticoagulation, which may cause excessive rise of serum [Na+]. We described the first and successful modified continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) regimen using regional citrate anticoagulation.

Method

A mathematical model was developed to predict serum [Na+] change during CVVHD. Our in‐house CVVHD regimen using regional citrate anticoagulation was modified to slow down the rise of serum [Na+] by both modifying the dialysate solution and modifying the circuit.

Result

Five out of six patients had gradual serum [Na+] correction not exceeding the daily limit. None of them developed osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Conclusion

We concluded that regional citrate anticoagulation, with proper modification, is safe and effective for patients with concomitant renal failure requiring hemodialysis.