bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Born Under COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions: Infant Regulatory Problems and Maternal Mental Health at 7 Months Postpartum
Authors: Perez Anna , Göbel Ariane , Stuhrmann Lydia Yao , Schepanski Steven , Singer Dominique , Bindt Carola , Mudra Susanne
Published: January 2022

Background

The SARS-COVID-19 pandemic and its associated disease control restrictions have in multiple ways affected families with young children, who may be especially vulnerable to mental health problems. Studies report an increase in perinatal parental distress as well as symptoms of anxiety or depression in children during the pandemic. Currently, little is known about the impact of the pandemic on infants and their development. Infant regulatory problems (RPs) have been identified as early indicators of child socio-emotional development, strongly associated with maternal mental health and the early parent–infant interaction. Our study investigates whether early parenthood under COVID-19 is associated with more maternal depressive symptoms and with a perception of their infants as having more RPs regarding crying/fussing, sleeping, or eating, compared to mothers assessed before the pandemic.

Methods

As part of a longitudinal study, 65 women who had given birth during the first nationwide disease control restrictions in Northern Germany, were surveyed at 7 months postpartum and compared to 97 women assessed before the pandemic. RPs and on maternal depressive symptoms were assessed by maternal report. Number of previous children, infant negative emotionality, and perceived social support were assessed as control variables.

Results

Compared to the control cohort, infants born during the COVID-19 pandemic and those of mothers with higher depressive symptoms were perceived as having more sleeping and crying, but not more eating problems. Regression-based analyses showed no additional moderating effect of parenthood under COVID-19 on the association of depressive symptoms with RPs. Infant negative emotionality was positively, and number of previous children was negatively associated with RPs.

Limitations

Due to the small sample size and cross-sectional assessment, the possibility for more complex multivariate analysis was limited. The use of parent-report questionnaires to assess infant RPs can support but not replace clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions

The pandemic conditions affecting everyday life may have a long-term influence on impaired infant self- and maternal co-regulation and on maternal mental health. This should be addressed in peripartum and pediatric care. Qualitative and longitudinal studies focusing on long-term parental and infant outcomes under ongoing pandemic conditions are encouraged.
Evaluating Global Inequality Using Decomposition Approach
Authors: Ma Ning , Cheong Tsun Se , Li Jing
Published: January 2022

Given that there is no recent research on decomposition for global inequality, the aim of this study is to fill the gap in the literature by investigating global inequality with decomposition technique. The data of this study were compiled from the World Bank and decomposition by subgroups was conducted to evaluate the driving forces behind the evolution of inequality. Almost all the countries in the world were included in this study, and the study period spans from 2000 to 2017. The analysis was carried out in several stages to evaluate the issue of North–South divide, as well as the impacts of regional and income subgroups. There are several salient findings derived from this study. First, the results show that there was a gradual decline of international inequality within the study period. Second, there was still a large disparity between the developed and developing countries, and the inequality within the developing countries has aggravated further. Third, geographical location has exerted great impacts on global inequality and East Asia contributed about 40% to the overall decline in international inequality. Fourth, decline in inequality amongst the upper-middle-income countries also contributed substantially to the fall in international inequality. The results derived from this paper can provide pertinent information for the formulation of a comprehensive and coherent strategy in coordinating international efforts and managing inequality while promoting human development under the framework of the newly established Sustainable Development Goals.
Study on Survival and Sustainable Development of Small- and Medium-Sized Tourism and Hospitality Enterprises in Macao Based on Regional Soft Environment and Competitive Advantage
Authors: Cheng Dongshu , Liu Kunyuan , Qian Zichao , Chen Ziyang , Mao Honglin
Published: January 2022

The small- and medium-sized tourism and hospitality enterprises are the main forms of enterprises in Macao. This study put forward a new framework of survival and sustainable development from the perspective of competitive advantage and regional soft environment, which significantly holds theoretical and practical research value. The study obtained cross-sectional data of 317 small- and medium-sized tourism and hospitality enterprises in Macao through a large-scale questionnaire survey. This article used exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test the reliability and validity of each factor system and its measurement scale. The variance analysis is used to judge the differences between the elements. The regression analysis is used to verify the hypothesis of a causal relationship between factors. The structural equation analysis is used to fit the model and make necessary amendments. The results reveal that the government service environment has a significant positive impact on the ability of an entrepreneur. In addition, the regional soft environment significantly impacts the competitive advantage of small- and medium-sized tourism and hospitality enterprises in Macao. Contrary, the impact of laws of Macao on the acquisition of financial resources and the promotion of entrepreneur ability and innovation ability is found insignificant. In conclusion, the results showed that market of Macao lacks venture investors where enterprises cannot obtain funds through angel financing or risk financing.
Are There Postnatal Benefits to Prenatal Kick Counting? A Quasi-Experimental Longitudinal Study
Authors: Owens Brenna , Libertus Klaus
Published: January 2022

Mild signs of postpartum depression or anxiety are present in up to half of all new mothers. However, the impact of having the “baby blues” on infant development remains largely unknown. The current study explores a potential relation between mother’s self-reported depression or anxiety symptoms and infant’s motor development in a longitudinal sample of 50 mother-infant dyads. Further, we examine whether engaging in fetal kick counting during pregnancy may reduce maternal psychopathology symptoms and thereby positively influence infant motor development and parent-child engagement during the first months of life. We hypothesized that subclinical maternal psychopathology would negatively impact infant motor development, and that completing a fetal kick count activity during the third trimester would reduce overall signs of maternal psychopathology. Results only partially support these hypotheses. Postpartum maternal anxiety seems to negatively affect the emergence of infants’ fine motor skills. However, engaging in fetal kick counting during pregnancy did not reduce maternal depression or anxiety symptoms. Nevertheless, preliminary evidence suggests that engaging in fetal kick counting may impact early child development by altering the mother’s attitudes toward the child. Future research is needed to examine the value of this low-cost intervention strategy more closely.
Presleep Ruminating on Intrusive Thoughts Increased the Possibility of Dreaming of Threatening Events
Authors: Feng Xiaoling , Wang Jiaxi
Published: January 2022

This study investigated whether ruminating on an intrusive thought before sleeping led to an increased likelihood of dreaming of threatening events. One hundred and forty-six participants were randomly assigned to a rumination condition (a rumination on an intrusive thought for 5 min before sleeping;N = 73) and a control condition (think about anything for 5 min before sleeping;N = 73). Participants completed a dream diary upon waking. The result showed that presleep ruminating on an intrusive thought increased the frequency of both threatening dreams and negative emotions in dreams. In addition, dreams with threatening events were more emotional and negative than dreams without threatening events. These results may support the threat simulation theory of dreaming. In addition, these results may give some insight into a mathematical model for the continuity hypothesis of dreaming.
Cortical Inhibition and Plasticity in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Castricum Jesminne , Birkenhager Tom K. , Kushner Steven A. , Elgersma Ype , Tulen Joke H. M.
Published: January 2022

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that is associated with various cognitive impairments, including learning and memory deficits. As synaptic plasticity is considered an important mechanism underlying learning and memory, deficits in cortical plasticity might play a role in the pathophysiology of patients with MDD. We used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to assess inhibitory neurotransmission and cortical plasticity in the motor cortex of MDD patients and controls.

Methods

We measured the cortical silent period (CSP) and short interval cortical inhibition (SICI), as well as intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), in 9 drug-free MDD inpatients and 18 controls.

Results

The overall response to the CSP, SICI, and iTBS paradigms was not significantly different between the patient and control groups. iTBS induction resulted in significant potentiation after 20 mins in the control group (t(17) = −2.8, p = 0.01), whereas no potentiation was observed in patients.

Conclusions

Potentiation of MEP amplitudes was not observed within the MDD group. No evidence was found for medium-to-large effect size differences in CSP and SICI measures in severely depressed drug-free patients, suggesting that reduced cortical inhibition is unlikely to be a robust correlate of the pathophysiological mechanism in MDD. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the high inter-subject variability and the small sample size.

Significance

These findings advance our understanding of neurophysiological functioning in drug-free severely depressed inpatients.
Evaluating the Application of the RE-AIM Planning and Evaluation Framework: An Updated Systematic Review and Exploration of Pragmatic Application
Authors: D'Lima Danielle , Soukup Tayana , Hull Louise
Published: January 2022

Background

RE-AIM is one of the most widely applied frameworks to plan and evaluate the implementation of public health and health behavior change interventions. The objective of this review is to provide an updated synthesis of use of the RE-AIM (Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and Maintenance) planning and evaluation framework and explore pragmatic use (i.e., partial application of the framework) and how this is reported.

Methods

Systematic review. MEDLINE (R) and PsycINFO were searched, via the Ovid interface, between January 2011 and December 2017. Studies that applied RE-AIM as a planning and/or evaluation framework were included.

Results

One hundred fifty-seven articles met inclusion criteria. One hundred forty-nine reported using RE-AIM for evaluation, three for planning and five for planning and evaluation. Reach was the most frequently reported dimension (92.9%), followed by implementation (90.3%), adoption (89.7%), effectiveness (84.5%), and maintenance (77.4%). One hundred forty-seven/one hundred fifty-seven articles originated from high-income economy countries. Within a sub-set analysis (10% of included articles), 9/15 articles evaluated all dimensions. Of the 6/15 articles that did not evaluate all dimensions, five provided no justification for pragmatic application.

Conclusions

RE-AIM has gained increased use in recent years and there is evidence that it is being applied pragmatically. However, the rationale for pragmatic use is often not reported.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42017054616).
Effects of Mindfulness Exercise Guided by a Smartphone App on Negative Emotions and Stress in Non-Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Jinlong , Ma Yudan , Zuo Yifan , Zheng Kangyong , Zhou Zhenhui , Qin Yifan , Ren Zhanbing
Published: January 2022

Background

Studies have acknowledged that mindfulness exercise guided by a smartphone app has a positive impact on mental health and physical health. However, mindfulness guided by a smartphone app on mental health is still in its infancy stage. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis evaluating the effect of mindfulness intervention guided by a smartphone app on negative emotions and stress in a non-clinical population with emotional symptoms.

Methods

We searched major databases, namely, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang, to identify all of the relevant studies published in English or Chinese from their inception until November 9, 2021. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with Cochrane risk-of-bias bias assessment tool. Two researchers independently conducted document retrieval, study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality evaluation.

Result

A total of eight studies were included in the study, with 574 subjects (experimental group: 348; control group: 226). A random effects model was selected to combine effect sizes. The results of the meta-analysis showed that mindfulness exercise guided by a smartphone app reduced negative emotions [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.232, 95% CI: −0.398 to −0.066, p = 0.006], depressive symptoms (SMD = −0.367, 95% CI: −0.596 to −0.137, p = 0.002), and anxiety symptoms (SMD = −0.490, 95% CI: −0.908 to −0.071, p = 0.022).

Conclusions

The findings indicate the potentially beneficial effect of mindfulness exercise guided by a smartphone app on symptoms of depression and anxiety among individuals in a non-clinical population with emotional symptoms. Considering the small number and overall methodological weakness of the included studies and lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the results should be interpreted with caution, and future rigorously designed RCTs are warranted to provide more reliable evidence.
Working Safely in the Trades as Women: A Qualitative Exploration and Call for Women-Supportive Interventions
Authors: Curtis Hannah M. , Meischke Hendrika W. , Simcox Nancy J. , Laslett Sarah , Monsey Lily M. , Baker Marissa , Seixas Noah S.
Published: January 2022

Background

Construction work offers women economic advancement and self-fulfillment opportunities, but multiple barriers prevent their increased representation in the industry. This study used qualitative methods to identity key physical and psychosocial safety hazards affecting tradeswomen.

Methods

Three focus groups were held in 2015 with 19 tradeswomen in Washington State. Groups discussed workplace hazards and solutions to make the trades safer for women. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, and two independent reviewers analyzed themes.

Results

Participants identified myriad physical and psychosocial hazards including a dangerous work environment, inadequate personal protective equipment, gender discrimination, and fear of layoff for reporting concerns. Participants identified mentorship as a potential intervention to overcome some of these barriers.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that the industry's work environment can be hostile and unsupportive for women, contributing to tradeswomen's injury risk and psychological distress. Future research and interventions should focus on understanding the relationships between and mediating the negative impact of women's physical and psychosocial workplace hazards. Results from these focus groups inspired a randomized control trial to study the impact mentorship has on decreasing physical and psychosocial hazards for women in construction, and improving retention.
How Management and Leadership Training Can Impact a Health System: Evaluation Findings From a Public Health Management Training Program in Cambodia
Authors: Horváth Chelsea , Hong Kimsear , Wheeler Paulah , Ir Por , Chhea Chhorvann , Kinzer Michael H. , Ly Vanthy , Willacy Erika
Published: January 2022

In 2017, the National Institute of Public Health in Cambodia collaborated with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to provide management and leadership training for 20 managers and senior staff from 10 health centers. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation of the program's outcomes and impact on the graduates and health centers. From June 2018 (baseline) to January 2019 (endpoint), we collected data from a competency assessment, observational visits, and interviews. From baseline to endpoint, all 20 participants reported increased competence in seven management areas. Comparing baseline and endpoint observational visits, we found improvements in leadership and governance, health workforce, water, sanitation, and hygiene, and health centers' use of medical products and technologies. When evaluating the improvements made by participants against the World Health Organization's key components of a well-functioning health system, the program positively contributed toward building four of the six components—leadership and governance, health information systems, human resources for health, and service delivery. While these findings are specific to the context of Cambodian health centers, we hope this evaluation adds to the growing body of research around the impact of skilled public health management on health systems.
A Deep Learning Framework About Traffic Flow Forecasting for Urban Traffic Emission Monitoring System
Authors: Yao Baozhen , Ma Ankun , Feng Rui , Shen Xiaopeng , Zhang Mingheng , Yao Yansheng
Published: January 2022

As urban traffic pollution continues to increase, there is an urgent need to build traffic emission monitoring and forecasting system for the urban traffic construction. The traffic emission monitoring and forecasting system's core is the prediction of traffic emission's evolution. And the traffic flow prediction on the urban road network contributes greatly to the prediction of traffic emission's evolution. Due to the complex non-Euclidean topological structure of traffic networks and dynamic heterogeneous spatial-temporal correlations of traffic conditions, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory prediction results with less computation cost. To figure these issues out, a novel deep learning traffic flow forecasting framework is proposed in this paper, termed as Ensemble Attention based Graph Time Convolutional Networks (EAGTCN). More specifically, each component of our model contains two major blocks: (1) the global spatial patterns are captured by the spatial blocks which are fused by the Graph Convolution Network (GCN) and spatial ensemble attention layer; (2) the temporal patterns are captured by the temporal blocks which are composed by the Time Convolution Net (TCN) and temporal ensemble attention layers. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our model obtains more accurate prediction results than the state-of-the-art baselines at less computation expense especially in the long-term prediction situation.
Can COPD Exacerbations Be Picked Up Early via a Weekly Medication Question Through a Smartphone Application?
Authors: Blondeel Astrid , Demeyer Heleen , Breuls Sofie , Wuyts Marieke , Glorie Lies , De Maeyer Nikolaas , Janssens Wim , Troosters Thierry
Published: January 2022

Background

Exacerbations affect the disease trajectory of patients with COPD and result in an acute drop of functional status and physical activity. Timely detection of exacerbations by non-medical healthcare professionals is needed to counteract this decline. The use of digital health applications in patient interaction allows embedded detection of exacerbations. However, it is unknown if this is an effective way to pick up exacerbations.

Method

We investigated the detection of exacerbations in patients with COPD enrolled in a physical activity coaching program, by prompting a weekly question on changes in medication via the smartphone application. Data on response rate and occurrence of exacerbations were collected.

Results

Response rate to the medication question, evaluated in 42 patients, was 72% (n = 497). A change in medication was reported through the smartphone application in 38 (7.6%) of the answered questions. The response rate was significantly lower at 6 months follow-up compared to the first month (p =0.03). When evaluating the occurrence of adverse events in a subset of patients who completed 6 months of follow-up (n = 27), 18 exacerbations were registered in eight patients, of which 10 of these exacerbations (56%) were picked up by the medication question in the coaching application.

Conclusion

Electronic interaction through a weekly medication question, embedded in a smartphone application, is feasible to support the detection of the occurrence of COPD exacerbations and can be used complementary to regular forms of detecting exacerbations. Compliance and smartphone literacy should be optimized when further using this method to report on COPD exacerbations.
Voluntary Wheel Running Reduces Vesicle Development in an Endometriosis Animal Model Through Modulation of Immune Parameters
Authors: Appleyard Caroline B. , Cruz Myrella L. , Velazquez-Cruz Johnathan , Rivera-Mendez Raquel M. , Jimenez-Garcia Juan G. , Rivera Luis A. , Mendez-Casillas Maria del Mar , Flores Idhaliz , Al-Nakkash Layla , Chompre Gladys
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrial cavity producing inflammation and pain. Previously we demonstrated that modulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis exacerbates the development and severity of this condition. A physically active lifestyle has been shown to confer health benefits in many chronic conditions by potentially acting as a stress buffer, thus we hypothesized that voluntary physical exercise can “realign/reset” the HPA axis resulting in reduced endometriosis symptoms in an animal model.

Methods

Endometriosis was induced in female Sprague Dawley rats by implanting uterine tissue next to the intestinal mesentery on day 0. Sham controls received sutures only. One group of endometriosis animals had access to a running wheel for 2 weeks prior to endometriosis induction until time of sacrifice at day 60. Sham and endometriosis controls received no exercise. All animals were examined for developed vesicles which were collected and measured. Uterine tissue was analyzed for cellular infiltration. Brain, liver, spleen, adrenal glands, leg muscles, and fat were collected, along with peritoneal fluid and blood.

Results

Endometriosis animals developed vesicles in 86.96% of the implants with significantly increased mesenteric fat compared to sham (p < 0.05). Exposure to exercise significantly decreased the size (p < 0.01) and number (p < 0.05) of vesicles that developed, as well as the mesenteric fat (p < 0.01). Exercised animals had higher levels of lactoferrin in peritoneal fluid, and decreased serum fractalkine and leptin. Exercise significantly increased estrogen alpha receptor expression levels (p < 0.01), while significantly decreasing estrogen receptor beta expression (p < 0.01) and macrophage infiltration (p < 0.05) in vesicles compared to non- exercised animals.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that voluntary physical activity might protect against endometriosis and alleviate the associated inflammation via immune modulation of the HPA axis. This offers the potential for further exploration of exercise as a complementary therapy in endometriosis patients.
Quantitative Evaluation of Encrustations in Double-J Ureteral Stents With Micro-Computed Tomography and Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Zheng Shaokai , Amado Pedro , Kiss Bernhard , Stangl Fabian , Haeberlin Andreas , Sidler Daniel , Obrist Dominik , Burkhard Fiona , Clavica Francesco
Published: January 2022

Accurate evaluation of stent encrustation patterns, such as volume distribution, from different patient groups are valuable for clinical management and the development of better stents. This study quantitatively compares stent encrustation patterns from stone and kidney transplant patients. Twenty-seven double-J ureteral stents were collected from patients with stone disease or who underwent kidney transplantation. Encrustations on stent samples were quantified by means of micro−Computed Tomography and semantic segmentation using a Convolutional Neural Network model. Luminal encrustation volume per stent unit was derived to represent encrustation level, which did not differ between patient groups in the first six weeks. However, stone patients showed higher encrustation levels over prolonged indwelling times (p = 0.02). Along the stent shaft body, the stone group showed higher encrustation levels near the ureteropelvic junction compared to the ureterovesical junction (p = 0.013), whereas the transplant group showed no such difference. Possible explanations were discussed regarding vesicoureteral reflux. In both patient groups, stent pigtails were more susceptible to encrustations, and no difference between renal and bladder pigtail was identified. The segmentation method presented in this study is also applicable to other image analysis tasks in urology.
Individuals at Risk of Exercise Addiction Have Higher Scores for Depression, ADHD, and Childhood Trauma
Authors: Colledge Flora , Buchner Ursula , Schmidt André , Wiesbeck Gerhard , Lang Undine , Pühse Uwe , Gerber Markus , Walter Marc
Published: January 2022

Background

Exercise addiction is increasingly being recognized as a psychologically and physically burdensome set of symptoms. However, little is known about the psychiatric profiles of individuals who are at risk. It is well-established that individuals affected by substance use disorders frequently suffer from depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and experiences of childhood trauma. The aim of this study is to determine whether this pattern of psychiatric disturbance is also present in individuals at risk for exercise addiction.

Methods

Individuals exercising for 10+ h/week were divided into those at risk and not at risk for exercise addiction based on their scores on the Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS). Demographic data and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a measure for ADHD in adults and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were also gathered.

Results

One hundred and twenty-three individuals agreed to participate in the study, and completed the questionnaires. Twenty-nine (23.6%) of these individuals were classed as at risk for exercise addiction. There was a statistically significant difference between the at-risk and not at-risk groups on the combined dependent variable after controlling for hours of exercise per week, F(3, 95)= 10.198, p = 0.00, Wilk's Λ = 0.756, partial η2 = 0.244. Compared to those not at risk, individuals at risk for exercise addiction had significantly higher scores for symptoms of depression [t(121) = 4.944, p = 0.000], ADHD [t(121) = 2.915, p = 0.004], and childhood trauma [t(121) = 2.297, p = 0.024].

Conclusion

Our results suggest that exercise addiction may be accompanied by a disturbed psychiatric profile consistent with other addictive disorders. Clinical interviewing in individuals at risk for exercise addiction is a valuable and worthwhile next step in characterizing this phenomenon.
Sustainability Dimensions Assessment in Four Traditional Agricultural Systems in the Amazon
Authors: Heredia-R Marco , Torres Bolier , Vasseur Liette , Puhl Laura , Barreto Deniz , Díaz-Ambrona Carlos G. H.
Published: January 2022

Although traditional agriculture carried out by ethnic groups is considered for its high biodiversity and important for food security and sovereignty, few studies have investigated the potential of these systems in the interest of promoting a sustainable agricultural development policy according to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Using the FAO's Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture (SAFA) methodology, this study analyzed the sustainability of four traditional agricultural systems, three indigenous (Waorani, Shuar, and Kichwa) and one migrant settler populations in the Yasuní Biosphere Reserve (YBR) and identified synergies and trade-offs among the dimensions of sustainability. The results showed different dynamics in all dimensions of sustainability-specifically, trade-offs in the dimensions of good governance with environmental integrity and social well-being, economic resilience, and social well-being. It was identified that the differences in terms of sustainability are narrowing between the indigenous Shuar people's traditional agricultural systems and those of migrant settlers, which provides policymakers with specific information to design sustainable development policies and rescue traditional agricultural systems in the Amazon region.
Proctologic Surgery Prioritization After the Lockdown: Development of a Scoring System
Authors: Pietroletti Renato , Gallo Gaetano , Muselli Mario , Martinisi Giovanbattista , Cofini Vincenza
Published: January 2022

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shown a very critical impact on surgical procedures all over the world. Italy faced the deepest impact from the beginning of March 2020. Elective operations, screening, and follow-up visits had been suspended giving priority to urgent and oncologic surgery.

Patients

An observational study was carried out in the Surgical Coloproctology Unit of the Val Vibrata Hospital on 152 patients awaiting a proctological surgical treatment during the national lockdown.

Methods

In order to monitor the health status of patients and reschedule postlockdown surgical activities, patients were interviewed by telephone submitting a questionnaire based upon the judgment of an expert senior clinician. Following the interview, we calculated a severity index for all the proctologic diseases (hemorrhoidal disease, anal fissure, anal sepsis, slow transit or obstructed defecation, incontinence), classifying the patients according to the score. Mean age of patients was 53 (±16) years, and there were 84 males (55.3%) and 68 females (44.7%). In total, 31% of our patients suffered from anal fissure, 28% suffered from hemorrhoidal disease, 14% suffered from anal sepsis, and the remaining patients suffered from benign anorectal diseases to a lesser extent.

Results

A total of 137 patients were available and divided into three classes: priority surgery (PS) with 49 patients (36.2%), deferrable surgery (DS) with 25 patients (18.1%), and long-term surgery (L-TS) with 63 patients (45.6%). There was a significant correlation between the perceived health status reported during the interview and the priority class index (Spearman's rho = 0.97, p < 0.001).

Differences related to age and sex were not significant (F-test = 0.43, p = 0.653; chi-squared test = 0.693, p = 0.707). 49 patients in class PS needed a prompt surgical treatment, while 24 patients allocated in class DS and 65 patients allocated in class L-TS could wait for a new ride plan for surgery.

Conclusion

New tools, such as this simple score obtained during the telephone interview, can be useful for prioritization of patients on the waiting list for surgical coloproctology after the lockdown without further clinical examination and hospital access.
Swiss Dairy Farmers' Perceptions Surrounding the Disposal of Waste Milk Containing Antibiotic Residues and Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Bernier Gosselin Véronique , Visschers Vivianne H. M. , Bodmer Michèle , Meylan Mireille
Published: January 2022

The feeding of waste milk containing antibiotic residues (WMA) to calves has been associated with the shedding of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by calves. However, little is known regarding farmers' intrinsic factors affecting this practice, and on which it would be relevant to intervene in order to change this practice. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the farmers' intrinsic factors, such as perceived benefits, risks, and social norms related to the feeding of WMA to calves, antibiotic resistance, and antibiotic use, and (2) to evaluate how the feeding of WMA to calves is related to farmers' personal values and perceptions related to WMA feeding and antibiotic resistance. Answers to an online survey were collected from 233 Swiss dairy producers (38.3% response rate). The proportion of respondents who fed WMA to calves was 48.3%. In a hierarchical logistic regression model, only perception factors extracted by factor analysis were associated with the feeding of WMA to calves, namely (in decreasing order of magnitude): farm-level benefits of WMA feeding, the interaction of farm-level benefits with support from governmental authorities, and causes and threats of antibiotic resistance. The results suggest that, in order to reduce the feeding of WMA to calves, communications to dairy producers should focus on changing the perceived benefits of this practice in comparison to those of alternative WMA disposal methods carrying a lower risk of antibiotic resistance. The involvement of veterinarians and governmental authorities in these communications and in supporting producers may increase the successful adoption of alternative WMA disposal methods.
Use of Handheld Raman Spectroscopy for Intraoperative Differentiation of Normal Brain Tissue From Intracranial Neoplasms in Dogs
Authors: Doran Caitlin E. , Frank Chad B. , McGrath Stephanie , Packer Rebecca A.
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study was to assess feasibility and accuracy of a hand-held, intraoperative Raman spectroscopy device as a neuronavigation aid to accurately detect neoplastic tissue from adjacent normal gray and white matter. Although Raman spectra are complicated fingerprints of cell signature, the relative shift corresponding to lipid and protein content (2,845 and 2,930 cm−1, respectively), can provide a rapid assessment of whether tissue is normal white or gray matter vs. neoplasia for real-time guidance of tumor resection. Thirteen client-owned dogs were initially enrolled in the study. Two were excluded from final analysis due to incomplete data acquisition or lack of neoplastic disease. The diagnoses of the remaining 11 dogs included six meningiomas, two histiocytic sarcomas, and three gliomas. Intraoperatively, interrogated tissues included normal gray and/or white matter and tumor. A total of five Raman spectra readings were recorded from the interrogated tissues, and samples were submitted for confirmation of Raman spectra by histopathology. A resultant total of 24 samples, 13 from neoplastic tissue and 11 from normal gray or white matter, were used to calculate sensitivity and specificity of Raman spectra compared to histopathology. The handheld Raman spectroscopy device had sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 90% with a positive predictive value of 92.3% and negative predictive value of 81.6%. The Raman device was feasible to use intraoperatively with rapid interpretation of spectra. Raman spectroscopy may be useful for intraoperative guidance of tumor resection.
An ADMM Based Parallel Approach for Fund of Fund Construction
Authors: Chen Yidong , Li Chen , Lu Zhonghua
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we propose a parallel algorithm for a fund of fund (FOF) optimization model. Based on the structure of objective function, we create an augmented Lagrangian function and separate the quadratic term from the nonlinear term by the alternate direction multiplier method (ADMM), which creates two new subproblems that are much easier to be computed. To accelerate the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm, we use an adaptive step size method to adjust the step parameter according to the residual of the dual problem at every iterate. We show the parallelization of the proposed algorithm and implement it on CUDA with block storage for the structured matrix, which is shown to be up to two orders of magnitude faster than the CPU implementation on large-scale problems.
Optimal Integration of Dispersed Generation in Medium-Voltage Distribution Networks for Voltage Stability Enhancement
Authors: Aguirre-Angulo Brayan Enrique , Giraldo-Bello Lady Carolina , Montoya Oscar Danilo , Moya Francisco David
Published: January 2022

This study addresses the problem of the maximization of the voltage stability index (λ-coefficient) in medium-voltage distribution networks considering the optimal placement and sizing of dispersed generators. The problem is formulated through a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP), which is solved using General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software. A numerical example with a 7-bus radial distribution network is employed to introduce the usage of GAMS software to solve the proposed MINLP model. A new validation methodology to verify the numerical results provided for the λ-coefficient is proposed by using recursive power flow evaluations in MATLAB and DigSILENT software. The recursive evaluations allow the determination of the λ-coefficient through the implementation of the successive approximation power flow method and the Newton–Raphson approach, respectively. It is effected by fixing the sizes and locations of the dispersed sources using the optimal solution obtained with GAMS software. Numerical simulations in the IEEE 33- and 69-bus systems with different generation penetration levels and the possibility of installing one to three dispersed generators demonstrate that the GAMS and the recursive approaches determine the same loadability index. Moreover, the numerical results indicate that, depending on the number of dispersed generators allocated, it is possible to improve the λ-coefficient between 20.96% and 37.43% for the IEEE 33-bus system, and between 18.41% and 41.98% for the IEEE 69-bus system.
An Algorithm for Estimation of SF6 Leakage on Power Substation Assets
Authors: Castro Aranda Ferley , García Sierra Rodolfo , Cerón Piamba Andrés Felipe , Mailhé Benjamin , Gil Luis Miguel León
Published: January 2022

This paper presents an algorithm that evaluates the current state of an asset fleet containing sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and estimates its leakage in future electrical power substation projects. The algorithm uses simple models and easy tools to facilitate decision making for transmission and distribution system operator companies. The algorithm is evaluated using data provided by ENEL-CODENSA. The corresponding results are shown, and the estimation values obtained are compared with leakage records in existing assets which helps to understand the advantages and limitations of the algorithm.
Sideband Peak Count in a Vibro-Acoustic Modulation Method for Crack Detection
Authors: Alnutayfat Abdullah , Hassiotis Sophia , Liu Dong , Sutin Alexander
Published: January 2022

This paper presents a new method of signal processing for vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) methods in order to detect damage accumulation in steel samples. Damage in the tested samples was produced by cycle loading, which, with a small amplitude, was used as a pump wave to modulate an ultrasonic probe wave. Multiple sideband peaks were observed, which were used to characterize the modulation effect. We propose the effectiveness sideband peak number (SPN) method as an indicator of any damage accumulation when the load cycle is applied. Moreover, after comparing the SPN with the previously used modulation index (MI), we concluded that, for some of the samples, the SPN provided better damage indication than the MI. The presented results can be explained by a simple model of bilinear crack nonlinearity. This model demonstrates that the amplitude dependences of the sideband components on the pump and the probe wave amplitudes are very different from the quadratic crack model that is usually used for MI test explanation.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Acoustics in 2021
Authors:   Acoustics Editorial Office
Published: January 2022

Rigorous peer-reviews are the basis of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Mechanical Properties of Cold Sprayed Aluminium 2024 and 7075 Coatings for Repairs
Authors: Bi Jiawei Kelvin , Loke Zhi Cheng Kelvin , Lim Chi Keong Reuben , Teng Kok Hoon Tony , Koh Pak Keng
Published: January 2022

This study investigates the mechanical properties of aluminium 2024 (Al-2024) and aluminium 7075 (Al-7075) cold-sprayed materials and coatings for repairs. It aims to determine the acceptable data needed to meet regulatory requirement when substantiating cold spray repairs. The study focuses on repairs of non-principal structural element (PSE) structures such as skin and panels that are prone to corrosion and wear. For cold spray repair of such components, the microstructure, tensile, peel, bearing, and bending strength from the repair process and powder materials of Al-2024 and Al-7075, were identified and investigated in accordance with MIL-STD-3021. Results show an average coating porosity of <1.2% for both materials. Average tensile strength was 247.1 MPa (with elongation of 0.76%) for Al-2024 and 264.0 MPa (with elongation of 0.87%) for Al-7075. Al-2024 has an average peel strength of 71.9 MPa, while Al-7075 is at 48.9 MPa. The Al-2024 bearing test specimens gave a maximum load strength before failure of 633.6 MPa, while the Al-7075 gave 762.7 MPa. The bending tests show good flexibility for coating thickness ranges of typical skin and panel parts. The results show that cold spray can be used to restore thickness and oversized hole diameters for Al-2024 and Al-7075 skin and panels. The bearing test conducted in this study has also demonstrated a new test method to determine the bearing load and yield strength of a cold spray-repaired hole in a plate.
Initial Assessment of a Fuel Cell—Gas Turbine Hybrid Propulsion Concept
Authors: Seitz Arne , Nickl Markus , Troeltsch Florian , Ebner Kathrin
Published: January 2022

A fuel cell—gas turbine hybrid propulsion concept is introduced and initially assessed. The concept uses the water mass flow produced by a hydrogen fuel cell in order to improve the efficiency and power output of the gas turbine engine through burner steam injection. Therefore, the fuel cell product water is conditioned through a process of condensation, pressurization and re-vaporization. The vaporization uses the waste heat of the gas turbine exhaust. The functional principles of the system concept are introduced and discussed, and appropriate methodology for an initial concept evaluation is formulated. Essential technology fields are surveyed in brief. The impact of burner steam injection on gas turbine efficiency and sizing is parametrically modelled. Simplified parametric models of the fuel cell system and key components of the water treatment process are presented. Fuel cell stack efficiency and specific power levels are methodically derived from latest experimental studies at the laboratory scale. The overall concept is assessed for a liquid hydrogen fueled short-/medium range aircraft application. Block fuel savings of up to 7.1% are found for an optimum design case based on solid oxide fuel cell technology. The optimum design features a gas turbine water-to-air ratio of 6.1% in cruise and 62% reduced high-level NOx emissions.
Impact of Duration of Land Abandonment on Infiltration and Surface Runoff in Acidic Sandy Soil
Authors: Toková Lucia , Hološ Slavomír , Šurda Peter , Kollár Jozef , Lichner Ľubomír
Published: January 2022

Sandy soils are less fertile and, therefore, often abandoned in the Central European region. Land abandonment can cause the recovery of ecosystems by the replacement of crop species by vegetation that disperses from surrounding habitats and will be subsequently established (secondary succession). The objective of this study was to find the impact of secondary succession during more than 30 years of lasting abandonment of agricultural fields with acidic sandy soil on infiltration and surface runoff. The method of space-for-time substitution was used so that the fields abandoned at different times were treated as a homogeneous chronosequence. The impact of abandonment on infiltration and surface runoff was characterized by the changes in soil organic carbon content, pH, water and ethanol sorptivity, hydraulic conductivity, water drop penetration time, repellency index, time to runoff, and surface runoff coefficient. It was found that the abandoned soils previously subjected to agriculture showed a decrease in pH, a significant increase in soil water repellency, and a decrease in infiltration, which can lead to serious problems in terms of surface runoff and soil erosion. The pH(H2O) and pH(KCl) decreased monotonously and ethanol sorptivity did not change significantly during abandonment. The time to runoff did not change significantly between 10 and 30 years of abandonment, and it was not measured after 1 year of abandonment because no runoff occurred. The dependence of the other characteristics on the duration of field abandonment was not unambiguous. Water sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity showed a decrease between 1 and 10 years followed by a slight increase between 10 and 30 years of abandonment. On the other hand, soil organic carbon content, water drop penetration time, repellency index, and surface runoff coefficient showed an increase between 1 and 10 years followed by a slight decrease between 10 and 30 years of abandonment. To prevent soil water repellency and its consequences in sandy soils, an adequately high soil water content should be maintained, and mixed forest afforestation should be preferred to pine afforestation. This is extremely important in the context of climate change and the increasing frequency of prolonged dry periods.
Review: Research Progress of Dairy Sheep Milk Genes
Authors: Li Ruonan , Ma Yuehui , Jiang Lin
Published: January 2022

The dairy sheep industry is an important but lacking part of the small ruminant industry. For a sheep breeding program, in addition to wool and meat use, sheep milk can also be processed into high-end dairy products such as cheese and milk powder and bring high economic interests for businesses home and abroad. With increasing interest in sheep milk, the content of which is becoming increasingly clearer, people have found that the nutritional value of sheep milk is higher than that of goat milk and cow milk, with abundant fat yield, protein percentage, and mineral contents, which provide a good opportunity for the development of the sheep milk industry. This review will introduce some dairy sheep breeds with the highest milk production worldwide and compare sheep milk nutrition contents with other ruminants’ milk. Moreover, genes influencing lactation or mammary gland growth like CSN2, SLC2A2, SCD, and SOCS2, which have been revealed in recent studies to significantly affect milk production and milk composition traits will be discussed. For the SLC2A2 gene, working as an important solute carrier to transport small molecular nutrition from blood to milk and SOCS2 gene mutation as an indicator of mastitis, in addition, other genes have been detected that correlate with milk traits, which will be introduced in the review. Some personal opinions into future sheep milk development will be given in the final part of the text. Although the research of sheep milk genetic factors has achieved some progress in recent years, there is still a long way to go.