bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MHD flow in a rectangular duct with pairs of conducting and non-conducting walls in the presence of a non-uniform magnetic field
Authors: Holroyd Richard J.
Published: April 2006

A theoretical and experimental study has been carried out on the flow of a liquid metal along a straight rectangular duct, whose pairs of opposite walls are highly conducting and insulating, situated in a planar non-uniform magnetic field parallel to the conducting walls. Magnitudes of the flux density and mean velocity are taken to be such that the Hartmann numberMand interaction parameterNhave very large values and the magnetic Reynolds number is extremely small.

The theory qualitatively predicts the integral features of the flow, namely the distributions along the duct of the potential difference between the conducting walls and the pressure. The experimental results indicate that the velocity profile is severely distorted by regions of non-uniform magnetic field with fluid moving towards the conducting walls; even though these walls are very good conductors the flow behaves more like that in a non-conducting duct than that predicted for a duct with perfectly conducting side walls.
Odin in the UK
Authors: Mastrominico Bianca
Published: April 2006

From 21 October to 6 November 2005, Odin Teatret, comprising director Eugenio Barba, actors Augusto Omolù, Julia Varley, Iben Nagel Rasmussen, Roberta Carreri, Torgeir Wethal, Tage Larsen, Jan Ferslev, Kai Bredholt, Frans Winther, and administrator Patricia Braga Alves, toured the UK with their ensemble performance Inside the Skeleton of the Whale. The company also presented performance demonstrations, workshops, masterclasses, conferences, seminars, and lectures.
Outbreak of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase–ProducingKlebsiella Pneumoniaein a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Linked to Artificial Nails
Authors: Gupta Archana , Della-Latta Phyllis , Todd Betsy , San Gabriel Pablo , Haas Janet , Wu Fann , Rubenstein David , Saiman Lisa
Published: April 2006

Background:

From April to June 2001, an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producingKlebsiella pneumoniaeinfections was investigated in our neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods:

Cultures of the gastrointestinal tracts of patients, the hands of healthcare workers (HCWs), and the environment were performed to detect potential reservoirs for ESBL-producingK. pneumoniae. Strains ofK. pneumoniaewere typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis usingXbal. Acase–control study was performed to determine risk factors for acquisition of the outbreak clone (clone A); cases were infants infected or colonized with clone A and controls (3 per case) were infants with negative surveillance cultures.

Results:

During the study period, 19 case-infants, of whom 13 were detected by surveillance cultures, harbored clone A. The overall attack rate for the outbreak strain was 45%; 9 of 19 infants presented with invasive disease (n = 6) or developed invasive disease (n = 3) after colonization was detected. Clone A was found on the hands of 2 HCWs, 1 of whom wore artificial nails, and on the designated stethoscope of a case-infant. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that length of stay per day (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.02 to 1.09) and exposure to the HCW wearing artificial fingernails (OR, 7.87; CI95, 1.75 to 35.36) were associated with infection or colonization with clone A.

Conclusion:

Short, well-groomed, natural nails should be mandatory for HCWs with direct patient contact.
Costs and Outcomes Among Hemodialysis-Dependent Patients With Methicillin-Resistant or Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusBacteremia
Authors: Reed Shelby D. , Friedman Joëlle Y. , Engemann John J. , Griffiths Robert I. , Anstrom Kevin J. , Kaye Keith S. , Stryjewski Martin E. , Szczech Lynda A. , Reller L. Barth , Corey G. Ralph , Schulman Kevin A. , Fowler Vance G.
Published: April 2006

Objective:

Comorbid conditions have complicated previous analyses of the consequences of methicillin resistance for costs and outcomes ofStaphylococcus aureusbacteremia. We compared costs and outcomes of methicillin resistance in patients withS. aureusbacteremia and a single chronic condition.

Design, Setting, and Patients:

We conducted a prospective cohort study of hemodialysis-dependent patients with end-stage renal disease andS. aureusbacteremia hospitalized between July 1996 and August 2001. We used propensity scores to reduce bias when comparing patients with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA)S. aureusbacteremia. Outcome measures were resource use, direct medical costs, and clinical outcomes at 12 weeks after initial hospitalization.

Results:

Fifty-four patients (37.8%) had MRSA and 89 patients (62.2%) had MSSA. Compared with patients with MSSA bacteremia, patients with MRSA bacteremia were more likely to have acquired the infection while hospitalized for another condition (27.8% vs 12.4%;P= .02). To attribute all inpatient costs toS. aureusbacteremia, we limited the analysis to 105 patients admitted for suspectedS. aureusbacteremia from a community setting. Adjusted costs were higher for MRSA bacteremia for the initial hospitalization ($21,251 vs $13,978;P= .012) and after 12 weeks ($25,518 vs $17,354;P= .015). At 12 weeks, patients with MRSA bacteremia were more likely to die (adjusted odds ratio, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 18.7) than were patients with MSSA bacteremia.

Conclusions:

Community-dwelling, hemodialysis-dependent patients hospitalized with MRSA bacteremia face a higher mortality risk, longer hospital stays, and higher inpatient costs than do patients with MSSA bacteremia.
Chlamydiales in Guinea‐pigs and Their Zoonotic Potential
Authors: Lutz‐Wohlgroth L. , Becker A. , Brugnera E. , Huat Z. L. , Zimmermann D. , Grimm F. , Haessig M. , Greub G. , Kaps S. , Spiess B. , Pospischil A. , Vaughan L.
Published: April 2006

The aim was to detect and characterize chlamydial infections in guinea‐pigs (GP) with ocular disease, study their pathogenicity and zoonotic potential and to test for the presence of Acanthamoebae spp. in GP eyes and to investigate whether they could act as vectors for Chlamydia‐like organisms. Overall 126 GP, of which 77 were symptomatic, were screened by clinical examination, cytology, gross pathology, histology, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacteriology. A new Chlamydiaceae‐specific intergenic spacer rRNA gene PCR, designed to amplify this segment linking the 16S and 23S regions, was performed. DNA samples were also received from one owner including samples of his cat and rabbit. Guinea‐pigs: 48 of 75 symptomatic, but only 11 of 48 asymptomatic GP were positive by PCR for Chlamydophila caviae guinea‐pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) (P < 0.0001). Eighteen of 75 or 15/48, respectively, were positive for DNA from Chlamydia‐like organisms. Acanthamoebae‐DNA could be found in two GP, of which one was symptomatic. Owner, cat and rabbit: Samples of all three species were positive by PCR for C. caviae GPIC and the owner's one‐day disposable contact lenses showed a positive PCR result for the Chlamydia‐like organism Parachlamydia acanthamoebae. No Acanthamoebae‐DNA could be detected. This study is the first to describe Chlamydia‐like organisms in GP and to detect C. caviae GPIC in human, cat and rabbit. Therefore, C. caviae GPIC could pose a zoonotic potential. We believe that the finding of C. caviae GPIC in species other than GP is probably not unique.
Standard Deviation for Small Samples
Authors: Joarder Anwar H. , Latif Raja M.
Published: April 2006

Neater representations for variance are given for small sample sizes, especially for 3 and 4. With these representations, variance can be calculated without a calculator if sample sizes are small and observations are integers, and an upper bound for the standard deviation is immediate. Accessible proofs of lower and upper bounds are presented for a broad spectrum of readers.
Mixed Langerhans cell and interstitial/dermal dendritic cell subsets emanating from monocytes in Th2-mediated inflammatory conditions respond differently to proinflammatory stimuli
Authors: Bechetoille Nicolas , André Valérie , Valladeau Jenny , Perrier Eric , Dezutter-Dambuyant Colette
Published: April 2006

The skin harbors two dendritic cell (DC) subsets, Langerhans cells (LC) and interstitial/dermal DC (IDDC), which traffic to lymph nodes after inflammation and ultraviolet stress. To demonstrate that monocytes may act as DC precursors for skin DC in postinflammatory recolonization, we generated LC and IDDC from monocytes by using cytokines related to the T helper cell type 2 environment [granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor/transforming growth factor-β/interleukin-13/tumor necrosis factor α (GM-CSF/TGF-β/IL-13/TNF-α)]. In this study, skin DC [LC as Langerin/CD207+ cells and IDDC as DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin (SIGN)/CD209+ cells] displayed desynchronized programs along their differentiation, activation/maturation processes in response to stimuli characteristics of a proinflammatory context. First, we demonstrate that monocytes are able to diverge simultaneously along two distinct pathways toward Langerin+-LC-type DC and DC-SIGN+-IDDC. Second, as TGF-β is known to antagonize the TNF-α-induced maturation process of DC, we showed that IDDC did not mature and acquired a low CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) receptor expression even when stimulated with prolonged incubation with TNF-α. It is striking that the LC subset is able to express a high level of CCR7 expression and the maturation marker DC-lysosome-associated membrane protein (DC-LAMP). Third, mixed LC and IDDC subsets secrete IL-10 and IL-12 when stimulated by CD40 ligand and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but not after prolonged incubation with TNF-α. In contrast, LPS was a better activator of IL-10 secretion than the CD40 ligand for GM-CSF/IL-4-generated DC and for GM-CSF/TGF-β/IL-13-generated LC and IDDC populations. To summarize, the phenotypic/migratory maturation status of LC may be more easily enhanced by stimuli mimicking a proinflammatory situation, and IDDC are more resistant. Moreover, our culture system provided a means of studying cross-talk between two skin DC outside of their respective skin compartment.
Ab initio MO Calculations of Model Molecules for Ribozyme Reaction Including an Mg2+ Ion
Authors: Mizukami Yoshihiro , Nakatsuji Hiroshi , Hada Masahiko , Sasaki Muneo , Sugimoto Naoki
Published: April 2006

Ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations are performed for the model molecule of ribozyme. For the models of initial and transition states of splicing reaction, stable binding sites of the Mg2+ ion are investigated. The energetics of the reaction and the effect of hydration on the Mg2+ ion are discussed.
Calculation of the Rotational Strength of β,γ-Unsaturated Ketones Based on a Non-empirical Molecular Orbital Method
Authors: Mizutani Tadashi , Nakashima Ruka
Published: April 2006

The values of rotational strength for β,γ-unsaturated ketones arising from the coupling between n-π* and π-π* transitions were calculated based on a non-empirical molecular orbital method and the results were compared with the experimentally observed values.
Strong Radical Character of the Catecholate Ligand of Catecholato(pyridine)iron Complexes Involved in the Catecholdioxygenase-model Reaction
Authors: Funabiki Takuzo , Kojima Hiroyuki , Kaneko Masatoshi , Inoue Takahiro , Yoshioka Toshihiko , Tanaka Tsunehiro , Yoshida Satohiro
Published: April 2006

Five-coordinated catecholato(pyridine)iron complexes were isolated from the THF solution of the iron complex used for the catecholdioxygenase model reaction. Formation and structure of species with a catecholate ligand having a strong radical character in the pyridine solution were shown spectroscopically, especially by the large down-field shift of the methyl resonance of 4-methylcatecholate complex in 2H NMR and by the large band at >1000 nm in electronic spectra. Effect of Et4NCl on the spectra indicated that the complexes are in equilibrium with the the chloride-pyridine ligand exchange.
Catalytic Ability of Octopus-Type Calixarene in the Formation of Esters from Alkyl Halides and Alkali Metal Carboxylates
Authors: Nomura Eisaku , Taniguchi Hisaji , Kawaguchi Kouichi , Otsuji Yoshio
Published: April 2006

5,11,17,23,29,35-Hexa-p-tert-butyl-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexakis(3,6,9-trioxadecyloxy)calix[6]arene efficiently catatalyzes the reaction of alkyl halides with alkali metal carboxylates to produce esters.
Selective Removal of Sugars from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Precipitated Iron(III) Hydroxide
Authors: Yokoi Hirpshi , Tsutsui Takayuki , Mori Yasuyoshi , Mitani Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2006

The removal of various mono-, di-, oligo-, and poly-saccharides from aqueous solutions by adsorptive binding to precipitated iron(III) hydroxide was very selective in respect of their stereo-chemistry and chain length.
Ligand Exchange of Cu(II)-Polyaminopolycarboxylate with Penicillamine. Evaluation of the Stability of Metal Complexes in Dynamic Aspects
Authors: Hanaki Akira , Sago Hiromitsu
Published: April 2006

Stopped-flow kinetic studies have been done on the ligand-exchange of Cu(II) complexes of polyaminopolycarboxylate (EDMA, EDDA, EDDP, EDTA and EDTPO) with penicillamine to yield Cu(II)-bis(penicillamine). The reaction consists of two steps and the transient which is a ternary complex has been characterized. A fairly good correlation existed between the stability constants of the mother complexes and the rate constants of ligand-exchange.
Selective Adsorption of Precious Metals on Sulfur-Containing Chitosan Derivatives
Authors: Baba Yoshinari , Hirakawa Hiroyuki , Kawano Yoshinobu
Published: April 2006

2-Thienylchitosan and 3-(methylthio)propylchitosan were newly synthesized by crosslinking the corresponding Schiff base derivative before reducing it so that the adsorptive activity was not lowered by the crosslinking. These chitosan derivatives selectively adsorbed gold(III), palladium(II) and platinum(IV) over base metals from hydrochloric acid.
Convenient Syntheses of 3-Deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic Acid (KDO) and 3-Deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-2-nonulosonic Acid (KDN) Derivatives from d-Mannose
Authors: Sato Ken-ichi , Miyata Tomoyuki , Tanai Ikuo , Yonezawa Yasuchika
Published: April 2006

Horner-Wittig reactions of 4-O-benzyl-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-mannose and 2,3,4,5,6,7-hexa-O-benzyl-6-d-glycero-2,3,4,5-d-galacto-heptose with methyl 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-(diethoxyphosphoryl)acetate gave the corresponding α-dehydroamino acid derivatives in good yields, respectively. They were converted to methyl 3-deoxy-4,5:7,8-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-manno-2-octulopyranosonate and methyl (methyl 3-deoxy-d-glycero-β-d-galacto-2-nonulopyranosid)onate via methyl α-oxoalkanoate derivatives.
(E)-2-Oxo-1-sulfonyl-3-alkenes as Reactive Hetero 1,3-Dienes. Absolutely endo-Selective Hetero Diels-Alder Reactions with Vinyl Ethers in the Presence of a Lewis Acid Catalyst
Authors: Wada Eiji , Yasuoka Hiroshi , Kanemasa Shuji
Published: April 2006

(E)-2-Oxo-1-sulfonyl-3-alkenes as new hetero 1,3-dienes undergo smooth hetero Diels-Alder reactions with vinyl ethers in the presence of Eu(fod)3 or TiCl2(i-PrO)2. The reactions are absolutely endo-selective producing 2,4-cis-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans in excellent yields, sufficient catalytic cycles being attained. The sulfonyl-stabilized carbanions derived from the cycloadducts are alkylated followed by reductive desulfonylation.
Properties of Radical Cations Generated by the Pulse Radiolysis of 1,ω-Bis(diarylethenyl)alkanes. Trapping of Distonic 1,4-Radical Cation by Molecular Dioxygen
Authors: Tamai Toshiyuki , Mizuno Kazuhiko , Hashida Isao , Otsuji Yoshio , Ishida Akito , Takamuku Setsuo
Published: April 2006

Physical and chemical properties of radical cations generated from Ar2C=CH(CH2)nCH=CAr2 (Ar = 4-CH3OC6H4, n = 2–4) were studied by use of pulse radiolysis and γ-radiolysis techniques. When n = 3 and 4, 1,4-radical cations were formed via intramolecular cyclization of initially formed radical cations. The 1,4-radical cations were trapped by molecular dioxygen at the diarylalkylmethyl radical site, which suggests the “distonic” character of the species.
Anomalous Association of 3,3′-Diethyloxadicarbocyanine Iodide in Saturated Solutions or Acetone and Water
Authors: Hiraga Takashi , Tanaka Norio , Kikuchi Naoto , Hayamizu Kikuko , Moriya Tetsuo
Published: April 2006

An association of 3,3′-Diethyloxadicarbocyanine Iodide (DODCI) in saturated solutions has been investigated by means of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), 1H-NMR spectroscopy and photo-emission spectroscopy. In the investigation by SAXS, we have revealed that DODCI molecules in a saturated acetone solution exhibit an association with an average diameter of 4.5 nm, which is reasonably supported by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and we could fairly well understand the structural hierarchy acting in the formation of the association.
Novel Catalytic Metathesis of Substituted Olefins Promoted by Rhenium(I) Enolate Complexes
Authors: Hirano Masafumi , Hirai Miwa , Ito Yuji , Fukuoka Atsushi , Komiya Sanshiro
Published: April 2006

Rhenium(I) enolate complexes Re(NCCHCO2Et)[NC(EtO2C)C=CHPh](PMe2Ph)4 and Re(NCCHCO2Et)(NCCH2CO2Et)(PMe2Ph)4 are found to catalyze unique olefin metathesis reaction of tetracyanoethylene with ethyl α-cyanocinnamate to give 1,1 dicyano-2-phenylethylene and ethyl 2,3,3-tricyanopropenoate at room temperature.
Selective Adsorption of Hemoglobin with Copper-Phthalocyanine Trisulfonate Derivative Immobilized on Gel Beads
Authors: Baba Yoshinari , Kawano Yoshinobu
Published: April 2006

Copper phthalocyanine derivative was proposed as a new affinity ligand for the separation and purification of proteins. The adsorption equilibria of lysozyme, albumin and hemoglobin were studied with the affinity gel prepared by immobilizing its ligand to gel beads. The affinity gel was found to be highly selective for hemoglobin over albumin and lysozyme.
Zirconium Catalyzed or Mediated Regioselective C–C Bond Formation Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Acetals
Authors: Takahashi Tamotsu , Kondakov Denis Y , Suzuki Noriyuki
Published: April 2006

Zirconium-alkyne complexes or zirconacyclopentenes, which were easily prepared in situ from alkynes, reacted with acrolein diethylacetal to afford vinyl ether derivatives. The C–C bond formation proceeded exclusively at β-position of the α,β-unsaturated acetal. Zirconium catalyzed C–C bond formation reactions of α,β-unsaturated acetals with EtMgBr also proceeded at β-position exclusively.
Selective NO2 Sensing Characteristics of Sc2O3 Mixed Nickel Copper Oxide
Authors: Imanaka Nobuhito , Banno Susumu , Adachi Gin-ya
Published: April 2006

Copper oxide and scandium oxide were mixed with p-type semiconducting nickel oxide and its NO2 sensing performance was investigated. By mixing copper oxide with nickel oxide, the response of the oxide for NO2 was improved. Further Sc2O3 mixing with nickel copper oxide greatly enhanced the sensing performance. Especially, the addition of scandium oxide into nickel copper oxide was considerably effective to sense only NO2 in the nitrogen oxides existing atmosphere.
Photo-Induced Formation of Gold Metal Film from Metal Salt of Chitosan
Authors: Yonezawa Yoshiro , Sato Tomoo , Kawabata Itaru
Published: April 2006

An application of chitosan for the polymer support to fabricate thin gold films was examined. When a thin film of chloroauric acid salt of chitosan was irradiated with UV-light in air, a clear gold mirror was formed. It is suggested that the gold mirror is made of aggregated colloidal gold particles stabilized by chitosan.
Preparation of Poly(1,4-phenylene) by Oxidative Polymerization of Benzene with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone
Authors: Yamamoto Kimihisa , Oyaizu Kenichi , Asada Toshio , Nishide Hiroyuki , Tsuchida Eishun
Published: April 2006

Oxidative polymerization of benzene with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) under strongly acidic conditions produced structure-defined poly(1,4-phenylene) (PP). Addition of CF3SO3H prior to the stoichiometric oxidation enabled the efficient formation of the protonated σ-complex of benzene through which linear PP (degree of the polymerization was ca. 30) was produced by the subsequent addition of DDQ.
Spectroscopic Evidence for the Redox Reaction between Copper(II) and a Pterin Cofactor Model, 6,7-Dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin
Authors: Funahashi Yasuhiro , Kohzuma Takamitsu , Odani Akira , Yamauchi Osamu
Published: April 2006

The reactions of Cu(II) with 6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin dihydrochloride (H4DMP·2HCl) in CH3OH-CH3CN have been investigated by spectroscopic methods. The redox reaction in the 1 : 1 Cu(II)–H4DMP·2HCl system has been established by detection of the protonated trihydropterin radical (H4DMP•+) and its disproportionation products.
An Effective and Selective Synthesis of Sterically Crowded Benzotrithioles from Benzodithiastannoles via Benzotrithiole 2-Oxides
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Yomoji Naoki , Chida Shin-ichi , Sato Ryu
Published: April 2006

Sterically crowded benzotrithioles were efficiently and selectively prepared by the reduction of corresponding benzotrithiole 2-oxides which were readily obtained on treatment of benzodithiastannoles, synthetic equivalents of benzenedithiols, with thionyl chloride.
Electro- and Photoelectro-chemical Formations of Dye Films Based on Chromogenic Development of Photography
Authors: Saji Tetsuo , Uehara Kazuki , Sugawara Kazuhiro , Liu Shunlin
Published: April 2006

A dye thin film was prepared on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode by controlled potential electrolysis (oxidation) of 1,4-benzenediamine derivative (1) following reaction with a coupler. Photoelectrochemical oxidation of 1 with TiO2 particle in the presence of methyl viologen (MV2+) also gave a dye film and a photo image.
A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Acetal Carboxylic Acids by Nickel(II) Complex Catalyzed Oxygenation of α-Alkoxy Cyclic Ketones with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Hata Eiichiro , Takai Toshihiro , Yamada Tohru , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: April 2006

In the presence of a catalytic amount of nickel(II) complex, various α-alkoxy cyclic ketones are smoothly oxygenated into acetal lactones by combined use of molecular oxygen and aldehydes at room temperature under an atmospheric pressure. Successive treatment of formed acetal lactones with hydrogen chloride in alcohols affords the corresponding acetal carboxylic acids in good to quantitative yields.
Ligand Exchange Reaction of Sulfoxides in Organic Synthesis. A Novel Method for Synthesizing Acetylenes from Carbonyl Compounds through β-Trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy Vinyl Sulfoxides
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Itoh Norifumi , Watanabe Shizue , Matsuno Haruko , Yamakawa Koji
Published: April 2006

α-Sulfinyl ketones were prepared by the reaction of alkyl phenyl sulfoxide or chloromethyl p-tolyl sulfoxide with aldehydes or methyl esters in high yields, and were converted to acetylenes through β-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy vinyl sulfoxides by the ligand exchange reaction of the sulfinyl group.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Acid Dissociation of the 1 : 1 Copolymer of Acrylic Acid and 4-Vinylpyridine
Authors: Masuda Seizo , Tsuda Masanori , Tomida Tahei , Tanaka Masami , Asahi Yutaka
Published: April 2006

Acrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine were copolymerized at 40 °C without any catalysts. The copolymer with 1 : 1 molar ratio of monomeric units was obtained over a wide range of the monomer ratios in the feed. Macroscopic and microscopic acid dissociation equilibria of the copolymer with 1 : 1 composition were determined in aqueous ethanol by potentiometric titration at 25 °C. The zwitterion and neutral molecule forms coexist over a wide range of pH, and the latter form is predominant. There exists only 10% of the zwitterion form in the neutral region.
Preparation of Water Soluble Polymer with 8-Quinolinol Group and Its Specific Reactivity with Cd(II)
Authors: Hamaya Takeo , Hiratani Kazuhisa , Ohashi Kosaburo
Published: April 2006

Water soluble polymer with 8-quinolinol group (3) was prepared and its fluorescent feature was studied. Polymer ligand 3 was found to form water soluble fluorescent chelate complexes with some metal ions in aq. solution without precipitating. Among them, Cd complex was shown especially to emitt fluorescence intensively.
Chemiluminescence Induced by Mediated Oxidation of 1,2-Diols
Authors: Karatani Hajime
Published: April 2006

The electrooxidation of iodide ions (I−) induces chemiluminescence from 1,2-diols in an alkaline solution. The induced chemiluminescence occurs slightly after the electrooxidation of I−. The anodically generated hypoiodite ions (IO−) seem to be a mediator-oxidant responsible for the mediated oxidation of 1,2-diols, resulting in the induced chemiluminescence.
Enormously Long Triplet Lifetime of Zinc(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin Incorporated As a Pendant of a Liquid Crystalline Polymethacrylate Based on Cholesterol Mesogens
Authors: Morishima Yotaro , Yusa Shin-ichi , Saegusa Kazunori , Tashiro Kohji , Kamachi Mikiharu
Published: April 2006

A small number of zinc(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) moieties were covalently incorporated into a liquid crystalline (LC) polymethacrylate bearing cholesterol side chains. The ZnTPP moieties exhibited enormously long triplet lifetime in the LC polymethacrylate in n-hexane.
Ene Reaction as a New Method for Functionalization of Fullerene C60
Authors: Komatsu Koichi , Murata Yasujiro , Sugita Nobuyuki , Wan Terence S M
Published: April 2006

Fullerene C60 undergoes the ene reaction when heated with 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-(trimethylsiloxy)allylbenzene at 180 °C for 48 h to give the monoadduct in 20% yield.
Study on the Polymer Adsorption/Desorption Behavior Using Continuous Elution Method
Authors: Furusawa Kunio , Chen Ming-Hua
Published: April 2006

In this paper, a new method for studing the polymer adsorption/desorption behavior, “Continuous Elution Method”, has been developed. In the continuous elution method, the target of study is concentrated onto the pre-adsorped powders packed into a small column after the usual adsorption process, solvent eluted and the concentration of polymer desorbed from the adsorbent surface is measured by a UV detector. By this method, the adsorption and desorption behavior of polystyrene and end-functionalized polystyrene by iminium ion on/from the surface of controlled-pore glass (CPG-10), has been investigated.
A Synthesis of the Cyclic Ferrocene Tetramer [1]4Ferrocenophane
Authors: Mueller-Westerhoff Ulrich T , Swiegers Gerhard F
Published: April 2006

The cyclic ferrocene tetramer, [1]4ferrocenophane, may be isolated in a 2.1% yield from a reaction involving the controlled addition of FeCl2.1.5THF to a dilute solution of the bis(cyclopentadienylmethyl)ferrocene anion.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tetraethylethanediselenoamide
Authors: Nakayama Juzo , Mizumura Ayako , Akiyama Isao , Nishio Takehiko , Iida Ikuo
Published: April 2006

Tetraethylethanediselenoamide (2) was prepared in 81% yield by reaction of tetraethylethynediamine with elemental selenium. The X-ray single crystal structure analysis revealed that two Et2N(C=Se)– units of 2 are perpendicular to each other. The oxidation of 2 with m-CPBA produced tetraethylmonoselenooxamide and the reaction with DMAD afforded dimethyl 4,5-bis(diethylamino)selenophene-2,3-dicarboxylate.
Interaction between CO2 and Electrochemically Reduced Species of N-propyl-4,4′-bipyridinium Cation
Authors: Ishida Hitoshi , Ohba Tomoyuki , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Ohkubo Katsutoshi
Published: April 2006

The one-electron reduced species of N-propyl-4,4′-bipyridinium cation (1+) which is generated under electrolysis at −1.1 V vs. SCE was found to be able to react with CO2 although it is even a neutral radical. The intermediate CO2 adduct was furthermore reduced by one-electron at the same electrolysis potential to form a stable CO2 adduct.
Correlação entre os níveis séricos de DDT e os títulos de anticorpos antidiftéricos em meninas
Authors: Costa Marisa C. Lobo da
Published: April 2006

Foram determinados níveis séricos de DDT e títulos de anticorpos antidiftéricos em 28 meninas vacinadas, com a finalidade de estabelecer uma possível correlação. Para a determinação dos níveis de DDT empregou-se o método da cromatografia gasosa. Para a titulação de anticorpos empregou-se o método da inibição da hemaglutinação passiva. A análise estatística dos resultados, feita por métodos não paramétricos, mostrou existir correlação positiva entre presença de op'DDT, quantidade de pp'DDT e títulos de anticorpos. A possível influência do DDT no sistema AMP-cíclico das células imunocomponentes é discutida no trabalho, tentando explicar a correlação positiva encontrada.
Estudo comparativo das médias móveis, dos índices baciloscópico e morfológico, em pacientes de hanseníase virchoviana tratados pela rifampicina e pela diamino-difenil-sulfona
Authors: Belda Walter , Margarido Leontina C. , Marlet José Maria , Martinez Ednir A. L. W. , Kliemann Teresa J. A. E. , Lombardi Clovis , Belda Jr. Walter
Published: April 2006

São apresentados resultados clínicos e baciloscópicos obtidos, em estudo comparativo, na experimentação terapêutica da ação da rifampicina e diamino-difenil-sulfona na hanseníase virchoviana. Respectivamente 24 e 23 pacientes, relativamente homogeneizados, foram observados por um período mínimo de 12 meses e máximo de 24. É ressaltada a superioridade da ação da rifampicina, nos primeiros meses, em termos clínicos, e de redução do número de bacilos viáveis. É recomendado, pelo menos como etapa inicial do tratamento, o emprego da rifampicina na terapêutica da hanseníase virchoviana.
Interação de fatores riscos em tuberculose
Authors: Ruffino-Netto Antônio , Caron-Ruffino Marcia
Published: April 2006

Estudou-se o possível sinergismo dos fatores alcoolismo e tabagismo na tuberculose pulmonar, a partir de dados de um estudo caso-controle onde 854 pessoas foram entrevistadas (sendo 427 casos-pacientes portadores de tuberculose pulmonar e 427 controles) e questionadas quanto ao hábito de ingestão alcoólica e o de fumar em períodos precedendo ao diagnóstico da doença. Concluiu-se que existe pequena interação destes fatores na tuberculose pulmonar; o hábito de fumar estaria relacionado com a doença tuberculose através de sua associação com a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas.
Requerimentos de energia e nutrientes da população brasileira
Authors: Salas Martins Ignez
Published: April 2006

Foram estimados os requerimentos de energia, proteínas, vitamina A, B1, B2, C, D, B12, ácido fólico e dos minerais ferro e cálcio da população brasileira. Foi utilizada a metodologia recomendada nos relatórios técnicos dos Comitês de Peritos FAO/OMS. Partindo-se da pressuposição de que, até 19 anos de idade, o indivíduo tem um potencial de desenvolvimento a ser atingido, as recomendações de energia foram estabelecidas tomando-se como referência o percentil 97 da população. Os requerimentos dos adultos foram estimados para o homem-tipo e mulher-tipo representativos da população brasileira do percentil 50. As recomendações de proteínas e dos demais nutrientes foram calculadas para atender as necessidades de 95% da população.
Human parvovirus B19 infection: clinical and epidemiological study of 24 cases
Authors: Oliveira Solange A. , Brandão Antonio B. , Fernandes Daniele G. , Bettini Lilian R. , Carvalho Anamaria B. , Pereira Antonio Carlos M. , Azevedo Kátia M. , Nascimento Jussara P.
Published: April 2006

From March 1994 to November 1995 24 cases of human parvovirus B19 infection were seen at the Infectious Diseases Department of the Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Niterói - RJ. Serum samples for IgM detection (capture enzyme immunoassay) were positive from the 1st to the 27th day after the onset of the exathema. The classical features of erythema infectiosum (slapped cheecked syndrome) were observed in 8 (33.3%) cases all of them children. Eight patients (6 adults and 2 children) presented a symmetrical polyartropathy, seen more frequently in women. These results show that B19 infection diagnosis is difficult when the disease does not present the classical features and because of the frequent involvement of the joints this infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis.
Anti-hepatitis A virus frequency in adolescents at an outpatient clinic in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Dinelli Maria Isabel Saraiva , Fisberg Mauro , Moraes-Pinto Maria Isabel de
Published: April 2006

The prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies was assessed in adolescents (age ranging from 10.4 to 19.9 years) at an Adolescent Outpatient Clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. Anti-HAV was detected in 137 (54.2%) out of 253 individuals. When separated into two age groups, anti-HAV frequency was higher in the 15 to 19 year-old group (64%) in comparison to the 10 to 14 year-old group (46%) (Chi-square test: p = 0.004). These results suggest that adolescents in São Paulo are at risk of hepatitis A infection and are probably contracting HAV infection during this age period.
Estudo dos flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em área de leishmaniose tegumentar americana nos municípios de Alto Caparaó e Caparaó, Estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Saraiva Lara , Lopes Juliana dos Santos , Oliveira Gisele Brandão Machado , Batista Francisco de Assis , Falcão Alda Lima , Andrade Filho José Dilermando
Published: April 2006

No período de novembro de 2000 a novembro de 2001, foi realizado o estudo dos flebotomíneos nos municípios de Alto Caparaó e Caparaó, com o objetivo de determinar a sua variação sazonal, comparar os pontos de estudo quanto à ocorrência destes insetos e determinar os ambientes de prevalência destes. Foram realizadas coletas mensais, com armadilhas luminosas de Falcão em nove pontos, sendo quatro armadilhas por ponto, nos seguintes ambientes: abrigo de animais, mata, cafezal e parede externa das casas. Lutzomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) foi a espécie predominante, e o abrigo de animais o ambiente com maior ocorrência de flebotomíneos. Encontrou-se diferença significativa na composição de espécies de flebotomíneos nos pontos estudados. Lutzomyia intermedia é a espécie suspeita de transmitir a Leishmania na região.
Diphyllobothrium latum: relato de caso no Brasil
Authors: Emmel Vanessa Erichsen , Inamine Everton , Secchi Carina , Brodt Tereza C.Z. , Amaro Maria Cristina O. , Cantarelli Vlademir Vicente , Spalding Sílvia
Published: April 2006

Difilobotriose é causada em humanos pela infecção com vermes adultos do gênero Diphyllobothrium adquiridos pelo consumo de peixe cru ou mal cozido. Diphyllobothrium latum foi confirmado pelo exame dos proglotes grávidos e típicos ovos operculados nas fezes. O paciente havia comido crustáceos e peixes. É o relato do primeiro brasileiro infectado.
Prolonged survival and immune reconstitution after chagasic meningoencephalitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Corti Marcelo , Yampolsky Claudio
Published: April 2006

We report a case of cerebral meningoencephalitis due to Trypanosoma cruzi in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The patient presented with seizures and focal neurological signs. Definitive diagnosis of chagasic meningoencephalitis was made by demonstration of free trypomastigote forms in the cerebrospinal fluid. Benznidazol was prescribed with clinical and neurological improvement. Antiretroviral drugs improved cellular immunity and three years later the patient presents a good clinical condition with immune reconstitution and undetectable viral load. Chagasic meningoencephalitis has a poor prognosis when specific treatment is not initiated or is delayed. A high index of diagnosis is necessary for early diagnosis and treatment, especially in endemic areas for Trypanosoma cruzi infection.
Formação continuada de professores: o vídeo como tecnologia facilitadora da reflexão
Authors: Carvalho Anna Maria Pessoa de , Gonçalves Maria Elisa Resende
Published: April 2006

O objetivo principal deste artigo é discutir o uso das gravações em vídeos, das aulas dos professores que estão em cursos de formação continuada, como uma estratégia facilitadora da reflexão desses mesmos professores sobre sua aula. A inovação que propusemos em nosso curso foi trazer as aulas dos professores para os nossos encontros. Ao fazer com que os professores discutam e reflitam sobre suas próprias ações damos a oportunidade do questionamento e da tomada de consciências de suas concepções sobre diferentes aspectos do ensino e da aprendizagem. Os dados de uma pesquisa realizada durante um curso de formação continuada são analisados.
Crescimento vegetativo de plantas cítricas no norte e noroeste do Paraná
Authors: Stenzel Neusa Maria Colauto , Neves Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro , Marur Celso Jamil , Gomes José Carlos
Published: April 2006

Este trabalho avaliou, em Paranavaí e Londrina-PR, os fluxos de crescimento vegetativo dos ramos de laranjeira 'Folha Murcha' enxertada sobre limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia Osb.), limoeiro 'Volcameriano' (Citrus volkameriana Ten. e Pasq.), tangerineira 'Sunki' (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), tangerineira 'Cleópatra' (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.) e laranjeira 'Pêra' sobre o porta-enxerto limoeiro 'Cravo'. Ocorreram seis fluxos de crescimento em Paranavaí e sete em Londrina, no inverno, primavera, verão e outono, para todas as combinações de copa/porta-enxerto. O comprimento final dos ramos (121,2 mm a 151,6 mm) não foi influenciado pelas combinações copa/porta-enxerto em Londrina, mas em Paranavaí a combinação 'Pêra'/limoeiro 'Cravo' produziu ramos mais longos que as demais. O período de crescimento dos ramos variou de 25,5 a 37,8 dias e foi menor em Paranavaí do que em Londrina, para todas as combinações de copa/porta-enxerto. Os resultados são discutidos em relação às características edafoclimáticas dos dois locais.
Variação fenotípica em plantas de duas famílias de meios-irmãos de goiabeira-serrana (Acca sellowiana Berg.) em um pomar comercial em São Joaquim-SC
Authors: Degenhardt Juliana , Ducroquet Jean-Pierre , Guerra Miguel Pedro , Nodari Rubens Onofre
Published: April 2006

A goiabeira-serrana (Acca sellowiana Berg.) é uma mirtácea nativa do planalto meridional brasileiro, com dispersão secundária no Uruguai, e produz um fruto de sabor único. Plantas de um pomar comercial composto por duas famílias de meios-irmãos (FMI1 e FMI2) foram avaliadas, com o objetivo principal de analisar a variabilidade fenotípica de várias características. As médias (± desvio-padrão) obtidas para as características avaliadas, no ano de 2000, foram: produtividade (29,2±35,0 e 55,1±53,4 frutos por planta); altura (2,2±0,7 m e 2,7±0,8 m); diâmetro de copa (1,9±0,7 m e 2,1±0,7 m); número de ramificações a 20 cm do solo (2,4±1,5 e 1,6±1,2) e distância entre o estigma e as anteras na flor (0,5±0,2 cm e 0,2±0,2 cm), para as plantas da FMI1 e da FMI2, respectivamente. As avaliações revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as duas famílias para as características avaliadas, com exceção de diâmetro de copa. As correlações entre características vegetativas não foram estatisticamente significativas, com exceção da correlação entre a altura e a distância entre estigma e anteras (r=-0,53) para a FMI1, no ano de 2000. As regressões não foram significativas, com exceção da regressão entre altura e produtividade na FMI1, em 1998, e entre a produtividade e a distância entre estigma e anteras na FMI2, em 2000. Porém, todas apresentaram coeficientes de determinação inferiores a 0,15.
Schiller e os gregos
Authors: Süssekind Pedro
Published: April 2006

Este artigo pretende mostrar como se articulam o helenismo classicista e a reflexão sobre a poesia moderna na teoria estética de Schiller, com base em uma breve análise de alguns ensaios do autor, levando em conta comentários de E. M. Butler (A tirania da Grécia sobre a Alemanha) e Peter Szondi.
O mosaico patogênico da pancreatite aguda grave
Authors: Carneiro Márcio Cavalcante , Siqueira-Batista Rodrigo
Published: April 2006

A pancreatite aguda tem sido alvo de grandes discussões que vão desde o entendimento de sua fisiopatologia até a investigação de novas modalidades terapêuticas. Reconhece-se que a necrose pancreática e a falência orgânica múltipla - mormente associadas à infecção - representam os principais fatores determinantes da evolução para o óbito, mas, apesar dos grandes avanços em seu estudo, a doença permanece como um desafio para o clínico e o cirurgião. Deste modo, um melhor conhecimento dos mecanismos envolvidos em sua fisiopatologia pode ser a chave para um tratamento mais eficaz, principalmente em relação às formas graves, cuja letalidade ainda encontra-se substancialmente elevada. Baseado nestas considerações, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo a revisão bibliográfica da fisiopatologia, dos fatores patogênicos envolvidos na história natural da pancreatite aguda grave e dos eventos associados à síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica e à sepse, esboçando-se assim o mosaico patogênico desta importante condição.
Influência da temperatura de condicionamento osmótico na viabilidade e no vigor de sementes de Pterogyne nitens Tull
Authors: Tonin Glaucia Alvarez , Gatti Ana Beatriz , Carelli Bernardete Primieri , Perez Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
Published: April 2006

O trabalho teve por objetivo comparar o efeito da temperatura e do período de condicionamento osmótico na viabilidade e no vigor de sementes de Pterogyne nitens Tul. Sementes escarficadas em ácido sulfúrico durante 10 minutos, foram pré-embebidas em solução mista de PEG + KNO3 (-1,0MPa) em temperaturas constantes de 10ºC e 27ºC durante 0 (controle), 6, 12 e 24 h. Decorridos estes períodos, as sementes foram secas em condição de ambiente de laboratório até atingirem os níveis iniciais de umidade apresentados antes do condicionamento. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições de 20 sementes que foram submetidas aos testes: a) efeitos da temperatura sub-ótima (10ºC), ótima (27ºC) e supra-ótima (35ºC); b) reserva teste de exaustão, com a submersão das sementes em água durante 24, 48 e 72h, e posterior germinação a 27ºC; c) integridade das membranas, avaliada pelo teste de condutividade elétrica; d) envelhecimento acelerado, empregando sementes primeiramente envelhecidas durante 24, 48 e 72h e em seguida, condicionadas a 10ºC, e sementes submetidas ao condicionamento a 27ºC, depois envelhecidas durante 24, 48 e 72h e em seguida colocadas para germinar a 27ºC. Foi realizada análise de variância e de regressão polinomial em função dos tempos de condicionamento. Os resultados mostraram que o condicionamento osmótico a 10ºC é mais eficiente que a 27ºC porém, não é possível padronizar o melhor tempo de pré embebição na avaliação da viabilidade e vigor de sementes osmocondicionadas de Pterogyne nitens.
Germinação de sementes de cubiu em diferentes substratos e temperaturas
Authors: Lopes José Carlos , Pereira Marcio Dias
Published: April 2006

O cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) é uma solanácea arbustiva nativa da Amazônia, que apresenta potencialidades para a agroindústria devido à alta produção de frutos saudáveis, com elevada concentração de ácido cítrico. Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar o comportamento germinativo das sementes de cubiu sob regime de temperaturas e substratos diferentes. O trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Tecnologia e Análises de Sementes do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), Alegre-ES. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 6x6 (seis substratos e seis temperaturas) com quatro repetições. A comparação de médias foi feita pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Os substratos utilizados foram: sobre vermiculita (V); entre areia (EA); sobre papel (SP); sobre areia (SA); sobre mistura terra + areia + esterco (TAE) e rolo de papel germitest (RP) e as temperaturas foram constantes de 20, 25 e 30ºC e alternadas de 20-25; 25-30 e 20-30ºC. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram maior porcentagem de germinação das sementes de cubiu semeadas nos substratos sobre areia e entre areia, sendo a temperatura de 20-30ºC, aquela que mais favoreceu a germinação e a velocidade de germinação das sementes.
Directed hypergraph planarity
Authors: Guedes André Luiz Pires , Markenzon Lilian
Published: April 2006

Directed hypergraphs are generalizations of digraphs and can be used to model binary relations among subsets of a given set. Planarity of hypergraphs was studied by Johnson and Pollak; in this paper we extend the planarity concept to directed hypergraphs. It is known that the planarity of a digraph relies on the planarity of its underlying graph. However, for directed hypergraphs, this property do not apply and we propose a new approach which generalizes the usual concept. We also show that the complexity of the recognition of a directed hypergraph as planar is linear on the size of the hypergraph.
Sleeping sites of woolly mouse opossum Micoureus demerarae (Thomas) (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) in the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Moraes Junior Edsel A. , Chiarello Adriano G.
Published: April 2006

Micoureus demerarae (Thomas, 1905) is a medium-sized marsupial, around 130 g, with a nocturnal habit and insectivorous-omnivorous diet. From August 2001 to July 2002, seven individuals, three males and four females, were monitored with radio-telemetry in Reserva Biológica União, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, aiming to investigate and describe the sleeping sites used by this marsupial. Fifty eight sleeping sites were located, most of which (70,7%) in palm trees Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott) Burret, and the remaining in other tree species (29,3%), a significant difference (chi2 test; p < 0.005). The preference for this palm tree was not different between sexes (chi2 test; p = 0.920). It was possible to locate the exact place where the animal was hiding in 31 sleeping sites (53.4% of total) in palm trees the animals were always in the junction point of petioles and tree trunks, at an average height of 4.66 ± 1.36 m, while in the remaining tree species, seven individuals were in liana tangles and two in tree holes, at an average height of 10.67 ± 2.75 m. This height difference was significant (Mann Whitney test; p < 0.001). Results indicate that palm trees are important resources for M. demerarae. The observed preference for A. aculeatissimum is probably due to higher protection against predators made by the numerous spines of this palm tree species.
Taxonomic notes on Callicentrus Stål and description of new species (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Membracidae)
Authors: Sakakibara Albino M.
Published: April 2006

The synonyms assigned to some species of Callicentrus Stål, 1869 are revised, resulting: for Callicentrus bonasia (Fabricius, 1775) and Centrotus flavivitta Walker, 1851 the respective synonyms are removed. The species Centrotus aurifascia Walker, 1851, C. jucundus Walker, 1851, and C. platycerus Walker, 1851 are reinstated in Callicentrus. Three new species are described, all from Jamaica: Callicentrus delicatus sp. nov., C. ramosi sp. nov., and C. rubripes sp. nov. All of the treated species are figured.