bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture treatment of postoperative urinary retention in cervical cancer: Systematic evaluation and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Hui , He Yujun , Miao Furui , Fan Yushan , Zhang Fangzhi , Wang Zibin , Wu Yu
Published: February 2025

Background:

To evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture treatment of postoperative urinary retention after cervical cancer using meta-analysis.

Methods:

Computer searches were performed on 8 common Chinese and English databases such as PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang (Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform), VIP (China Science and Technology Journal Database), China Biomedical Literature Database and Cochrane Library, as well as Clinical Trials for the treatment of urinary retention after cervical cancer with acupuncture. A randomized controlled trial of postoperative urinary retention after cervical cancer from the time of library construction to 01/2024. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Meta-analysis and risk of bias analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4, regression and sensitivity analyses were performed using Stata 17.0.

Results:

A total of 31 randomized controlled trials with 2179 patients were included in the study. Interventions included filiform needling, embedding needle, electroacupuncture, moxibustion, warm acupuncture, etc. The results showed that acupuncture treatment increased clinical efficiency [relative risk = 1.32, 95% confidence intervals [CI] (1.20, 1.45), P < .00001], reduced residual urine volume [standardized mean difference = −3.21, 95% CI (−4.00, −0.40), P < .00001], and shortened the time to return to spontaneous urination [MD = −1.96, 95% CI (−3.02, −0.91), P = .0003] and indwelling catheter time [mean difference (MD) = −3.76, 95% CI (−5.66, −1.86), P = .0001], and improved maximum urine flow rate [MD = 4.57, 95% CI (0.70, 8.44), P = .02] and bladder compliance [MD = 10.04, 95% CI (8.14, 11.93), P < .00001].

Conclusion:

Acupuncture treatment promotes recovery in patients with postoperative urinary retention after cervical cancer, but high-quality studies need to be included to further compare different acupuncture interventions.
Investigating casual association among gut microbiome and esophageal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Atabieke Falide , Aierken Ailikamu , Aierken Munire , Rehaman Mayinuer , Zhang Qi-Qi , Li Jian , Xia Yu , Aizezi Yierzhati , Dilixiati Diliyaer , Gao Hong-Liang , Zhang Zhi-Qiang
Published: February 2025

The gut microbiota has been strongly linked to gastrointestinal cancer, but the relationship between gut microbiota and esophageal cancer (EC) is still not fully understood. We conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to unveil the potential impact of intestinal microorganisms on EC in East Asian populations. In order to delve deeper into the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and EC, we conducted a 2-sample MR analysis, utilizing 211 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gut microbiota, sourced from the largest genome-wide association study on gut microbiota, for our analysis. To estimate the causal relationship, we employed the inverse variance weighting method. In addition, to assess the potential influence of pleiotropy, we used MR-Egger regression in our analysis. Among the 10 specific bacterial taxa identified using the inverse variance weighting as being associated with the risk of EC, we observed a positive association between family Bacteroidaceae (P = .04), genus Bacteroides (P = .04), genus Bilophila (P = .02), genus Candidatus Soleaferrea (P = .02) and the EC, while family Victivallaceae (P = .03), genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes (P = .01), genus Catenibacterium (P = .01), genus Coprococcus2 (P = .01), unknowngenus.id.959 (P = .02) and unknowngenus.id.1868 (P = .01) may be associated with a reduced risk of EC. Our MR analysis indicate a probable association between gut microbiota and the development and advancement of EC. These findings offer novel perspectives on the possible application of targeted gut bacteria for the prevention and management of EC.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of using capecitabine versus capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin during preoperative radiotherapy for patients with rectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zuo Qiang , Wang Wen , Chen Qiang , Wu Miao
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the clinical effectiveness of capecitabine monotherapy and that of capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy during preoperative radiotherapy in the management of low and middle rectal cancer. A retrospective cohort study was performed. Medical data were collected from individuals with locally progressing low and middle rectal cancer admitted to a regional hospital in China. Two groups of patients were formed for different chemoradiotherapy regimens: the oxaliplatin group and the capecitabine monotherapy group. Within the oxaliplatin group, the CAPEOX regimen was applied for 2 rounds during radiotherapy, intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin was administered 1 day prior to radiotherapy. In the capecitabine monotherapy group, capecitabine was implemented once daily during radiotherapy, and no medication was taken without radiotherapy. A total of 260 patients were included in the study. When oxaliplatin is administered concurrently with preoperative radiation therapy for patients with locally progressing low and middle rectal cancer, the pathologic complete remission rate can be considerably increased without appreciably increasing adverse effects or impairing postoperative recovery. On the other hand, the long-term effectiveness against metastasis and/or recurrence showed no discernible benefit.
Melatonin for preventing postoperative delirium in elderly patients: A multicenter randomized placebo-controlled pilot study
Authors: Khaled Maram , Chui Jason , Ewusie Joycelyne , Agzarian John , Bogach Jessica , Gomez Maria , Shayegan Bobby , Shargall Yaron , Alkhamesi Nawar , Paul James , Thabane Lehana , Shanthanna Harsha
Published: February 2025

Background:

Postoperative delirium (POD) in older adults is associated with high risk of morbidity and mortality. With limited treatment options, prevention is essential. Melatonin has been suggested to prevent delirium through regulating the sleep-wake cycle and serotonin metabolism, which has been shown to be disrupted in patients with POD. However, the evidence regarding the use of melatonin for POD prevention is limited and inconclusive.

Methods:

Our multicenter, 2-arm, parallel-group, feasibility randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of melatonin on POD incidence after noncardiac surgery in patients >65 years (n = 120). Patients were randomized to 3 mg oral melatonin or placebo once preoperatively and for 7 days postoperatively. Patients were assessed twice daily for delirium and followed at 3 months postoperatively. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment rate, medication adherence, and proportion completing 3-month follow-up. Clinical outcomes were delirium incidence, sleep quality, institutional discharge, and cognitive status at 3 months.

Results:

Between September 2021 and June 2023, 85 patients were randomized (~1 patient/wk); of these, 92.9% adhered to study medications and 87.1% completed the 3-month follow-up. POD occurred in 9 patients with no statistical difference between the groups (melatonin group, n = 7; placebo group, n = 2; adjusted odds ratio: 1.12; 95% confidence interval: 0.006–150.1). There were no differences in any other clinical outcomes. Pandemic-related challenges, including interruption of surgeries and restrictions on research procedures impacted feasibility and the study was terminated early due to futility.

Conclusions:

Based on our observations, a sample size of >1000 patients is required for a definitive trial to evaluate the role of melatonin in reducing the incidence of POD. Design changes need to be considered to address feasibility challenges and ongoing post-pandemic modifications to patient care.
Gut microbiota and risk of iron deficiency anemia: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Lei Wenhui , Liu Zhaoyun , Lai Hai-Ping , Fu Rong
Published: February 2025

Previous studies have suggested a link between gut microbiota and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). However, interpreting these findings is difficult due to various factors that influence microbiome composition and the limitations of observational studies, such as confounding variables and reverse causation. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and IDA using Mendelian randomization (MR) to overcome these limitations. We conducted a 2-sample MR analysis using data from genome-wide association studies from the MiBioGen Consortium and the UK Biobank. The gut microbiome data included 211 genus-level microbes linked to single-nucleotide polymorphisms from 18,340 participants in the MiBioGen Consortium. The outcome data for IDA were obtained from 484,598 participants in the UK Biobank, with 2941 cases and 481,657 controls. We assessed causal relationships using various MR techniques, primarily inverse variance weighting, and performed sensitivity analyses to confirm the robustness of our results. Nine genus-level gut microbes were significantly associated with IDA (P < .05). Protective factors included Clostridia, Actinomycetaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Oscillospira, Prevotella, and Roseburia, while risk factors included Ruminococcus gnavus group, Hungatella, and Parasutterella. Sensitivity analyses showed the reliability of these findings without significant variability. This study provides evidence for a causal relationship between specific gut bacteria and IDA risk, identifying potential targets for therapies aimed at improving outcomes for those with IDA. Further research is needed to clarify the bacteria involved.
Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome with multiorgan vascular involvement and gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Wang Xiaowei , Zhao Qing , Luan Jianli , Ju Yuefeng , Wang Wenzhuo , Liu Feiyue , Shi Shaoting , Cai Shanglang
Published: February 2025

Rationale:

To explore the early diagnosis and treatment of Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), and provide useful and systematic clinical references for the diagnosis and treatment of such congenital vascular malformations combined with long-term gastrointestinal bleeding.

Patient concerns:

A 32-year-old male patient was admitted due to “intermittent rectal bleeding for 32 years, worsening for over 3 months.” The patient had experienced intermittent bright red rectal bleeding since birth.

Diagnoses:

After comprehensive clinical examination, imaging evaluation (including abdominal computed tomography and ultrasound), and gastroscopy, the final diagnosis was KTS, and it was found that gastrointestinal bleeding was caused by intestinal vascular malformation.

Interventions:

After admission, the patient was provided with gastric acid inhibition and medication for hemostasis. Following the exclusion of contraindications, a colonoscopy indicated the presence of multiple venous varicosities from the splenic flexure to the rectum. Multiple injections of polidocanol and meilan, totaling 45 mL, were administered, leading to significant sclerosis of the varicose vessels. Six months after discharge, endoscopic sclerotherapy for multiple colonic varices was performed again, with a total injection of 40 mL of polydocanol and meglumine.

Outcomes:

Throughout the first hospitalization period, there was no recurrence of rectal bleeding. The patient had outpatient follow-up visits after discharge, and the results of routine blood tests showed stable hemoglobin levels. The patient was regularly followed up by telephone after secondary treatment. As of March 2024, the patient had not experienced rectal bleeding and had largely resumed normal work and life activities.

Lessons:

Endoscopic therapy can provide significant benefits for patients with KTS complicated by long-term gastrointestinal bleeding. However, KTS cannot currently be cured, and early diagnosis, standardized evaluation, and regular follow-up are key to the collaborative management and treatment of KTS patients.
Depression and the risk of Parkinson’s disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Du Yongjian , Tang Dong , Yang Guangcheng , Xu Dezhi
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between depression and Parkinson’s disease (PD) using Mendelian randomization (MR). Summary statistics for depression and PD were obtained from 2 large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving individuals of European ancestry. Independent genetic loci associated with depression and PD were identified as instrumental variables. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) approach was used as the primary method for causal inference, while MR-Egger and weighted median methods served as supplementary analyses to verify the robustness of the results. Heterogeneity tests, multiple validity checks, and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the reliability of the findings. The IVW analysis yielded an odds ratio of 1.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.001–2.077, P = .048), suggesting a potential causal relationship between depression and PD. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was found, and sensitivity analyses confirmed the reliability of the results. This study applied 2-sample MR analysis to genetic data, revealing a causal link between depression and the development of PD. These findings highlight the importance of early screening and intervention for individuals with depression to reduce the risk of developing PD.
Intraoperative assessment of the dorsoulnar fragment reduction and fixation with extended tangential view: A study of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Zhang Yu , Qing Siyuan , Yin Guoyong , Lu Chun
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the intraoperative extended tangential view (ETV) in assessing the reduction and fixation of the dorsoulnar fragment (DUF) during the treatment of comminuted distal radius fractures (DRFs) with volar plates. A retrospective review included 26 patients who underwent open reduction and volar locking plate internal fixation for AO C3-type DRFs with DUF between March 2023 and January 2024. Each patient received intraoperative ETV fluoroscopy and immediate postoperative wrist CT scans. DUF reduction quality was classified simply as excellent (anatomical reduction), good (<2 mm residual displacement), or poor (> 2 mm displacement). Both reduction quality and screw position relative to DUF were independently evaluated through fluoroscopy and CT. The study found consistent results across both methods: 23 reductions were excellent, 2 were good, and 1 was poor. The screw’s mean distance to the distal radioulnar joint was 6.19 ± 2.76 mm on ETV compared to 4.21 ± 2.05 mm on CT, with a Pearson correlation of 0.925 (P < .05). The screw tip’s distance to the dorsal cortex measured 3.69 ± 1.08 mm on ETV versus and 2.72 ± 1.01 mm on CT, with a correlation of 0.937 (P < .05). When compared to the postoperative CT evaluation, which was deemed the gold standard, the intraoperative ETV measurements displayed excellent accuracy and substantial relevance to the CT findings. The study suggests that the intraoperative ETV is a valuable tool for assessing the reduction and fixation quality of the DUF in comminuted DRFs. Level IV, retrospective case series.
Exploring the causal associations of gout and serum uric acid levels on erectile dysfunction: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Ji Lei
Published: February 2025

Several observational studies have suggested a possible link between gout, serum uric acid (UA) levels, and erectile dysfunction (ED). Nonetheless, the current body of evidence does not allow for a conclusive determination regarding the influence of gout and serum UA on the likelihood of developing ED. The primary aim of this research was to explore the potential causal relationship between gout and serum UA levels in relation to ED utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The principal analytical method employed was inverse variance weighting (IVW). Following this, a sensitivity analysis was performed using Cochran Q-test, funnel plots, MR-Egger regression, and the leave-one-out method. The findings from the IVW analysis revealed no significant association between gout and ED (odds ratio [OR] = 1.004, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.948–1.063, P = .888), nor between serum UA levels and ED (OR = 1.013, 95% CI: 0.775–2.126, P = .333). The results from the supplementary methods corroborated those obtained from the IVW approach. This study confirmed the absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, with consistent results across all sensitivity analyses. The MR analysis did not yield genetic-level evidence to substantiate a direct causal relationship between gout, serum UA, and ED.
Assessing the relationship between migraine and sino-nasal symptoms and diseases among Syrian Private University students: A case–control study
Authors: Al Kadri Louloua , Alhouri Ahmad Nabil , Nahas Louei Darjazini
Published: February 2025

Migraine is a common chronic and disabling condition, diagnosed late in most patients. Furthermore, sino-nasal diseases are severe stressing conditions that can correlate with headaches and migraine. This study aims to assess the relationship between migraine and sino-nasal disorders among Syrian Private University students. A case–control study was conducted among the students of the Syrian Private University in Damascus. Data were obtained using a valid self-administered questionnaire in Arabic to study the prevalence and severity of migraine and sino-nasal diseases using the Migraine Screening Questionnaire and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22. The study included 963 students, of whom 417 were cases who had migraines according to the Migraine Screening Questionnaire, and 546 were controls who did not. The Chi-square test assessed the relationship between case–controls and study variables. P-value was considered at < .05. Out of 963 students, 296 were male and 667 were female, with an average age of 23.8. Most students were from the Faculty of Medicine (27.1%) and were in their final years of study (24%). Most sino-nasal diseases are related to migraine, including nasal obstruction, the need to blow the nose, ear pain, ear fullness, or pain in facial bones. Sino-nasal outcome test score was significantly related to migraine. The severity of sino-nasal symptoms was significantly associated with migraine. The results of this study indicate that the diseases and symptoms of the nose and sinuses are significantly associated with migraine. Healthcare providers must raise awareness about this relationship for further evaluation and research and for early provision of the appropriate advice and treatment to improve patient’s quality of life and minimize disability.
Can transcranial direct current stimulation at the motor cortex provide effective relief for severe menstrual pain? a preliminary behavioral and functional connectivity study
Authors: Li Wei-Chi , Tseng Tzu-Ling , Yang Ching-Ju , Cheng Chou-Ming , Chao Hsiang-Tai , Yeh Tzu-Chen , Chen Li-Fen , Hsieh Jen-Chuen
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Severe primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is a distressing pain affecting 10% to 25% of menstruating women. Little is known about the analgesic efficacy and neural mechanisms of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at the primary motor area (M1) for menstrual pain control.

Objectives:

We examined the analgesic efficacy of anodal tDCS over the left M1 of patients with severe PDM and studied the functional connectivity (FC) changes between the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) and the medial motor area (MMA) to elucidate the possible central mechanisms.

Methods:

Twenty-eight patients with severe PDM participated in this randomized and sham-controlled study. The participants received daily M1-tDCS for 5 to 7 days, beginning 2 to 3 days before menstruation and continuing until their pain severity decreased to a mild level. We evaluated the menstrual pain and PAG-seeded FC with MMA using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging right after and 1 month later after M1-tDCS modulation.

Results:

The neuromodulation by active M1-tDCS led to a significant decrease in the FC between the PAG and MMA. This reduction in FC correlated with a decrease in menstrual pain experienced in the subsequent menstrual cycle. Notably, only the FC modulated by active M1-tDCS could predict the pain intensity in the following menstrual period.

Conclusion:

Our preliminary data suggest that M1-tDCS may have a potential analgesic impact on responders, particularly in the month after the intervention. M1-tDCS could potentially normalize the maladaptive hyperconnectivity between the PAG and MMA, thereby contributing to the regulation of the descending pain modulation system and providing analgesia for severe PDMs.
Toward the sustainability of health care innovations to “transform our world”: current status and the road ahead
Authors: Chicoine Gabrielle , Straus Sharon E.
Published: February 2025

Inadequate sustainability of health care innovations or evidence-based interventions has led to calls from policymakers, researchers, and funders for research on how sustainability can be optimized to avoid research waste. In this discussion paper, we argue that research on health care innovation sustainability needs to be advanced. We critically examine the literature on the concept of sustainability and propose that research should address the fundamental question: How can we advance knowledge on health care innovation sustainability? We provide examples of important work undertaken in the field of implementation science, including definitions and conceptualizations of sustainability. We also highlight theories, models, and frameworks that have been proposed to inform sustainability research and guide how to plan for sustainability. Our analysis of the literature reveals a growing interest in the sustainability of health care innovations but also confirms that implementation science has yet to put sustainability at the center of its research endeavors. To assist this shift, we identify priority research gaps and use the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as a road map for an implementation science research agenda to drive health care innovation sustainability. We propose three new research directions that, overall, aim for “better health for all, leaving no one behind.” These directions include: (1) advancing substantive research on sustainability while avoiding duplication; (2) identifying barriers, facilitators, and strategies to sustain engagement with multiple partners; and (3) advancing methods and tools to support monitoring, evaluation, and revision of strategies over time.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A323
Loss of JAK1 Function Causes G2/M Cell Cycle Defects Vulnerable to Kif18a Inhibition
Authors: Kelley Vanessa , Baro Marta , Gasperi William , Ader Nicholas , Lea Hannah , Lee Hojin , Phoomak Chatchai , Kabeche Lilian , King Megan , Contessa Joseph
Published: February 2025

To gain insight into biological mechanisms that cause resistance to DNA damage, we performed parallel pooled genetic CRISPR-Cas9 screening for survival in high risk HNSCC subtypes. Surprisingly, and in addition to ATM, DNAPK, and NFKB signaling, JAK1 was identified as a driver of tumor cell radiosensitivity. Knockout of JAK1 in HNSCC increases cell survival by enhancing the DNA damage-induced G2 arrest, and both knockout and JAK1 inhibition with abrocitinib prevent subsequent formation of radiation-induced micronuclei. Loss of JAK1 function does not affect canonical CDK1 signaling but does reduce activation of PLK1 and AURKA, kinases that regulate both G2 and M phase progression. Correspondingly, JAK1 KO was found to cause mitotic defects using both EdU labeling and live cell imaging techniques. Given this insight, we evaluated Kif18a inhibition as an approach to exacerbate mitotic stress and enhance the efficacy of radiation. These studies establish Kif18a inhibition as a novel strategy to counteract therapeutic resistance to DNA damage mediated by G2 cell cycle arrest.
Left subclavian artery revascularization with in-situ laser fenestration during TEVAR for complicated or high-risk TBAD: results of the LLTEVAR Trial
Authors: Peng Zhiyou , Liang Siyuan , Zhang Rong , Qiu Peng , Yin Minyi , Liu Guang , Liu Xiaobing , Lu Xinwu , Ye Kaichuang
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of left subclavian artery (LSA) revascularization via in-situ laser-assisted fenestration during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for type B aortic dissection (TBAD).

Methods

This was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter study that enrolled patients with complicated or high-risk acute TBAD. The primary safety endpoint was freedom from composite major adverse events (mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction, paraplegia, type Ia endoleak) within 30 days after the procedure. Univariate and multivariate analyses determined the risk factors of composite major adverse events. The primary efficacy endpoint was freedom from all-cause death, LSA in-stent restenosis, and reintervention due to dissection progression, growth, and endoleak at 1 year after the procedure.

Results

A total of 100 patients (mean age, 60.5±12.6 years) were enrolled at 5 vascular centers between July 2018 and September 2021. The technical success rate of LSA revascularization was 98.0% (98/100). The primary safety endpoint within 30 days after the procedure was 86.0% (86/100, with 15 events occurring in 14 patients). Within 30 days after the procedure, mortality occurred in two patients, resulting in a 30-day mortality rate of 2.0% (2/100). Four patients experienced a stroke, and the rate was 4.0% (4/100). Retrograde aortic pathologies occurred in 2 patients, including one with ascending dissection treated with open repair, and the other with retrograde intramural hematoma treated with medical therapy, and the hematoma was self-resolved within 6 months. Five patients experienced type Ia endoleak, and conjunctive coil embolization were performed in 4 patients. One patient experienced paraplegia and recovered within 2 weeks. Complicated TBAD (OR, 4.98; 95%CI,1.27-19.55; P=.02) and type II/III arch (OR, 6.37; 95%CI,1.72-23.53; P=.006) significantly associated with a higher risk of composite major adverse events within 30-day after the procedure. The primary efficacy endpoint at 1 year after the procedure was 90.0%.

Conclusion

Left subclavian artery revascularization with in-situ laser-assisted fenestration during TEVAR for TBAD is a successful procedure and is associated with excellent short-term outcomes. However, attention should be paid to periprocedural major adverse events, especially in complicated TBAD patients with type II/III arch.
Rapid and repeated evolution of the pigmentation patterns in reef fishes
Authors: Frédérich Bruno , Mittelheiser Laurent , Gillet Amandine , Hodge Jennifer R. , Laudet Vincent , Dornburg Alex
Published: February 2025

Pigmentation patterns are integral to animal biology1–3and uncovering the mechanisms driving their diversification is essential for determining the evolutionary principles that shape this fundamental aspect of biodiversity4–7. Coral reef fishes are particularly notable for their extraordinary pattern diversity, ranging from simple spots and stripes to intricate, maze-like designs. Despite over a century of investigation, the evolutionary processes that govern the diversification of these pigmentation patterns remain one of the most persistent unresolved questions in evolutionary biology. Here, we investigate the relationship between pattern diversity, species richness, and geography across six iconic families of pattern-diverse coral reef fishes. Utilizing time-calibrated phylogenies, we reveal constant disparity of pigmentation patterns across globally variable reef fish communities8. We find strong evidence for a positive correlation between pattern diversity and species richness, with a high divergence of pigmentation patterns in sympatry that highlights the role of these patterns in speciation and phenotypic differentiation. Moreover, our findings support the stages model of adaptive radiation9, revealing that most pigmentation pattern diversity has emerged in evolutionary history. These results demonstrate that the evolutionary history of pigmentation patterns in reef fishes is characterized by a combination of rapid and constrained phenotypic diversification that has likely played a crucial role in their speciation dynamics.
An integrated meta-omics approach for identifying candidate organic micropollutant degraders in complex microbial communities
Authors: Elad Tal , Tang Kai , Pierrelée Michaël , Mark Jensen Marlene , Bentzon-Tilia Mikkel , Smets Barth F. , Dechesne Arnaud , Valverde-Pérez Borja
Published: February 2025

Biotransformation is a significant determinant of the fate of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in natural and engineered environments; yet identifying OMP-transforming microorganisms remains challenging. Integrating metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, we searched for correlations between the biotransformation of ammonia and atenolol and the transcriptional activity of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) across five nitrifier-rich cultures in batch experiments. The biotransformation of ammonia correlated with the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea but not with the activity of other bacteria, including several ammonia oxidizers. Additionally, the biotransformation of ammonia correlated with the transcript abundance of the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) expressed by N. europaea but not with the transcript abundance of AMO at the community level. Atenolol biotransformation correlated with the activity of four MAGs representing three heterotrophic genera: Terrimonas, Flavobacterium, and Zeimonas. It did not correlate with the total transcript abundance of any member of a comprehensive set of amidohydrolases, which are predicted to transform this drug. By contrast, it correlated with the expression of the amidohydrolase asparagine synthase (AsnB) identified in the Terrimonas and Flavobacterium MAGs. In summary, we present a novel association-based method for elucidating biotransformation processes robust to variability in enzyme reaction kinetics with implications for OMP control.
Congruence between preferred and actual place of death and its association with patients’ quality of death and dying: A nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Shutoh Mariko , Morita Tatsuya , Aoyama Maho , Kizawa Yoshiyuki , Shima Yasuo , Miyashita Mitsunori
Published: February 2025

Background

Satisfying patients’ preferences is an important outcome in palliative care. Previous research has reported that a patient’s place of death was associated with quality of death and dying.

Purpose

This study aimed to assess factors associated with congruence between a patient’s preferred and actual place of death and their quality of death and dying, as perceived by their family caregivers.

Method

Data were obtained from a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire survey of bereaved family caregivers of patients with cancer in Japan. A total of 13,711 family caregivers participated. We evaluated the quality of death and dying using the Good Death Inventory.

Results

Patients who died in their preferred place were categorized as the “achieved group,” whereas patients who died in a place that they did not prefer were classified as the “not-achieved group.” Survey scores were significantly higher for the achieved group compared with the not-achieved group (48.8±10.1 and 44.0±9.5, respectively; p <0.001). A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that congruence between preferred and actual place of death was an independent determinant of good quality of death and dying (p <0.001).

Conclusion

Congruence between a patient’s preferred and actual place of death may contribute to better quality of death and dying among terminally ill patients with cancer. Congruence between preferred and actual place of death should be regarded as an essential goal in end-of-life care.
The evolution of host utilization strategy: At what timing parasitoids attack and consume their host
Authors: Isshiki Ryuichiro , Iritani Ryosuke
Published: February 2025

In some parasitoid wasp species, larvae consume their host immediately after hatching (“idiobiont”), while in other species, larvae delay the consumption of the host until its maturation (“koinobiont”). The timing at which wasps’ larvae start consuming the host after the attack, referred to as Parasitoid Emerging Timing (PET) in this article, is a life-history trait that is correlated to other life history traits (e.g., lifespan and body size). Consequently, the evolution of PET has been studied as an explanation for the diversity of life-history strategies in parasitoid wasps. Using statistical analyses, previous studies have provided support for the association between PET and other life history traits. However, these results lack an adaptive evolutionary explanation necessary to establish PET as a key factor in life-history diversity. In this study, we develop mathematical models to examine the evolutionary associations between PET and other life-history traits. Specifically, we studied the evolutionary dynamics of PET and resulting life history characteristics of host exploitation. Our results show that the reproductive values differ depending on the developmental stage of hosts and determine which stage parasitoids exploit. We discuss some empirical studies support that host density and reproductive value affect PET. Additionally, the evolution of PET can profoundly alter the life-cycles of parasitoid wasps. For example, in species with late PET, wasps attack young hosts that initially have low reproductive value, but only consume them after the hosts mature and their reproductive value increases. These findings suggest that PET may be a driver of the syndrome involving multiple traits related to host utilization in parasitoid wasps. The high diversity of parasitoid wasps provides a rich system for testing hypotheses about life-history syndromes. By linking PET to broader life-history strategies, this study lays a theoretical foundation for understanding life-history syndromes in parasitoid wasps.
A cortical microcircuit model reveals distinct inhibitory mechanisms of network oscillations and stability
Authors: Tahvili Farzin , Vinck Martin , di Volo Matteo
Published: February 2025

We identify a computational mechanism for network oscillations distinct from classic excitatory-inhibitory networks – CAMINOS (Canonical Microcircuit Network Oscillations) – in which different inhibitory-interneuron classes make distinct causal contributions to network oscillations and stability. A computational network model of the canonical microcircuit consisting of SOM, PV and excitatory neurons reproduced key experimental findings, including: Stochastic gamma oscillations with drive-dependent frequency; precise phase-locking of PV interneurons and delayed firing of SOM interneurons; and the distinct effects of optogenetic perturbations of SOM and PV cells. In CAMINOS, the generation of network oscillations depends onboththe precise spike timing of SOM and PV interneurons, with PV cells regulating oscillation frequency and network stability, and delayed SOM firing controlling the oscillation amplitude. The asymmetric PV-SOM connectivity is found to be the key source ingredient to generate these oscillations, that naturally establishes distinct PV and SOM-cell spike timing. The CAMINOS model predicts that increased SOM/PV densities along the cortical hierarchy leads to decreased oscillation frequencies (from gamma to alpha/beta) and increased seizure susceptibility, suggesting a unified circuit model for oscillations across different frequency bands.
Density of states and differential entropy in Dirac materials in crossed magnetic and in-plane electric fields
Authors: Chaika Andrii A. , Kulynych Yelizaveta , Oriekhov D. O. , Sharapov Sergei G.
Published: February 2025

The density of states and differential entropy per particle are analyzed for Dirac-like electrons in graphene subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field and an in-plane electric field. For comparison, the derived density of states is contrasted with the well-known case of nonrelativistic electrons in crossed magnetic and electric fields. The study considers ballistic electrons and also includes the effect of small impurity scattering. In the latter case, the limit of zero magnetic field and the so-called collapse of Landau levels in graphene are examined analytically. By comparing the results with numerical calculations on graphene ribbons, we demonstrate that the Landau state counting procedure must be modified for Dirac-like electrons, leading to a fields-dependent Landau level degeneracy factor. Additionally, it is shown that peaks in the differential entropy arise from the dispersionless surface mode localized at the zigzag edges of the ribbon.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Electromagnetic interactions in elastic neutrino-nucleon scattering
Authors: Kouzakov Konstantin A. , Lazarev Fedor M. , Studenikin Alexander I.
Published: February 2025

A thorough account of electromagnetic interactions of massive Dirac neutrinos as well as their spin-flavor state in the theoretical formulation of elastic neutrino-nucleon scattering is given. The formalism of neutrino charge, magnetic, electric, and anapole form factors defined as matrices in the mass basis is employed under the assumption of three-neutrino mixing. The flavor and spin change of neutrinos propagating from the source to the detector is taken into account in the form of a spin-flavor density matrix of the neutrino arriving at the detector. The potential effects of the neutrino charge radii, magnetic moments, and spin polarization in the neutrino-nucleon scattering experiments are outlined.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Signals of merging supermassive black holes in pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Depta Paul Frederik , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai , Schwaller Pedro , Tasillo Carlo
Published: February 2025

In this work we evaluate whether the gravitational wave background recently observed by a number of different pulsar timing arrays could be due to merging supermassive black hole binaries. We find that for homogeneously distributed primordial black holes this possibility is inconsistent with strong cosmological and astrophysical constraints on their total abundance. If the distribution exhibits some clustering, however, the merger rate will, in general, be enhanced, opening the window for a consistent interpretation of the pulsar timing array data in terms of merging primordial black holes, if μ-distortion constraints associated with the formation mechanism can be evaded.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Propeller–motor-coupled modeling and design for tiltrotor aircraft
Authors: Zhang Jiechao , Zhang Siyu , Zheng Yao , Liu Yaolong
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to propose a rapid optimization design framework for the electric propulsion system of tiltrotor aircraft with a comprehensive set of propeller and motor parameters.

Design/methodology/approach

To enhance the prediction accuracy, the authors have developed correction models for both the propeller and motor, i.e. the propeller performance model is based on blade element momentum theory, with the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method to obtain blade airfoil aerodynamic data, and the motor performance model incorporates an experimentally corrected second-order equivalent circuit model. Using Bayesian optimization algorithms, the authors have addressed the mixed-integer nonlinear programming design problem, which includes discrete variables such as the number of propeller blades and blade airfoil type, as well as continuous variables such as propeller diameter, pitch angle, chord length distribution, twist angle distribution, initial motor resistance, no-load current and KV value.

Findings

To estimate the aircraft-level performance, the authors have integrated the electric propulsion system into the tiltrotor’s overall mission profile, where an energy consumption reduction of 34.1% for the mission profile can be achieved after propeller and motor simultaneous optimization.

Originality/value

This study provides a valuable tool for the preliminary design and optimization of the electric propulsion systems for tiltrotor aircraft.
Role of technology in outbound vehicle logistics: evidence from the Chinese automobile sector
Authors: Adhi Santharam Balakrishnan , Ramanathan Usha
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The COVID-19 outbreak and severe weather challenges have disrupted the supply chains of various industries across the globe, including the automotive industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the outbound vehicle logistics practices of a Chinese automotive firm to achieve value chain optimization to meet the order fulfillment through the feasibility of using blockchain technology (BCT).

Design/methodology/approach

To identify the research gap and to formulate the research questions, a detailed literature review was conducted. To compare and contrast the Chinese automotive outbound logistics process, we interviewed Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), vehicle logistics service providers and local IT vendors. To study the feasibility of BCT in the case companies, we conducted interviews with the experts as part of the in-depth empirical case study. Case analysis has emerged as the research themes.

Findings

In-depth data analysis suggested three important areas that needed focus from OEMs (1) handling distribution constraints; (2) ability to monitor quality; and (3) good communication with network partners and receiving real-time alerts, especially during peak demand periods. Our findings confirm that OEMs can address all these challenges in the presence of BCT alliance frameworks with automotive supply chain partners.

Research limitations/implications

The scope of the research is restricted to the Chinese automotive OEMs. This research can be extended to other countries practicing the same level of outbound vehicle logistics. Data collected in this research were generated from a data sheet which is subjective to some extent.

Practical implications

This research provides practical insights for practitioners on the feasibility of using BCT on outbound logistics which can optimize order fulfillment and performance.

Originality/value

The paper adds insights into the feasibility of using BCT in automotive vehicle logistics to increase performance and compares the practices from China with developed economies.
Investigating the potential of blockchain technology in enabling circular economy practices in Industry 5.0: an electronics industry case study
Authors: Shukla Vishal , Prashar Sanjeev , Ramkumar M.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study seeks to investigate the ability of blockchain technology (BCT) to increase circular economy (CE) practices in the electronics industry, emphasising India and Taiwan.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts a mixed-methods approach. Initial qualitative semi-structured interviews examined how BCT could inform CE practice. The qualitative aspects were followed by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches, and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), to analyse data from 391 industry experts surveyed.

Findings

The results show that the BCT has great potential to promote CE processes by improving the aspects of security, transparency and traceability. BCT adoption is driven by a conducive regulatory regime, stakeholder collaboration, and the availability of required technology.

Research limitations/implications

By identifying key drivers and requisite requirements for successful BCT adoption in CE practices, this research offers critical guidance for policymakers, practitioners and researchers. It adds to the wider conversation about how emerging technologies can support sustainability and efficiency in industry.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by providing a new lens to study BCT and CE practices intersectionality, particularly in the context of the emerging electronics industry and in countries such as India and Taiwan. Unlike previous research that studied either BCT or CE independently, this study uniquely illustrates how the principles underpinning these concepts, when implemented together, can positively impact sustainability outcomes within a resource-intensive industry notorious for generating highly significant waste streams.
How do public owners’ dynamic capabilities improve project resilience in megaprojects: a configurational perspective
Authors: Tian Zidan , Wang Ting , Jiang Kaiwen , He Qinghua , Xue Yutong , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Recent studies suggested that owner dynamic capabilities (ODCs) enabling public owners of megaprojects to activate, orchestrate and reorganize resources to uncertainties were beneficial to improving the project resilience of megaprojects. However, most of them pay insufficient attention to the specific context of long cycles and deep uncertainty in megaprojects, neglecting the causal complexity that different dimensions of ODCs and learning mechanisms interact with each other in terms of enhancing project resilience. Therefore, this study aims to systematically unveil the complex causality among ODCs, learning mechanisms and project resilience of megaprojects.

Design/methodology/approach

This study introduces a configurational perspective to explore how multi-dimensional ODCs combine to improve project resilience in megaprojects along with different organizational learning mechanisms and learning orientations. Based on 330 ODC events in 19 construction megaprojects, a multi-temporal crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis method is adopted to extract configurations of ODCs for project resilience improvement and unveil their evolution features over the whole megaproject lifecycle.

Findings

Six configurations are identified for improving project resilience in megaprojects, including cognition-dominant, cognition-deficient, transformation-dominant, innovation-driven, value-co-creation and exploitative-transformation configurations. The results also indicate that distinct megaproject stages appeal to corresponding ODC configurations for project resilience improvement under unique uncertain contexts.

Originality/value

This study not only makes theoretical contributions to the literature on dynamic capability and project resilience in the megaproject management field but also provides useful practical guidance for public owners of megaprojects to better utilize ODCs for project resilience improvement.