bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unusually air-stable copper(i) complexes showing high selectivity for carbon monoxide
Authors: Saeednia Borna , Sragow Aria M. , Lin Yannan , Sheehan Colton J. , Metlay Amy S. , Gau Michael R. , Dye Samantha A. , O'Konski Sarah P. , Mallouk Thomas E. , Dmochowski Ivan J.
Published: February 2025

We report two Cu(i)-tren host molecules with unusual air-stability, as revealed by strong preference for axial CO binding over bent O2.
Accelerated design of AgNbO3-based ceramics with high energy storage performance via machine learning
Authors: Ma Li , Han Fei , Che Ruoxuan , Liu Meng , Cen Zhenyong , Chen Xiyong , Fujita Toyohisa , Bai Yang , Luo Nengneng
Published: February 2025

Silver niobate based lead-free antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics exhibit tremendous potential on energy storage applications, but the composition space is too huge for experimental investigation. In this work, we employed machine...
Dual‐Loop Antennas With a Branched Feed‐Line for Broadband Circular Polarisation
Authors: Hirose Kazuhide , Mita Shintaro , Urushibata Yuya , Nakano Hisamatsu
Published: February 2025

Using the method of moments, we first analyse reference and present dual‐loop antennas with a perturbation segment and branched feedline, respectively. The loop elements of each antenna are gradually rotated for an increased 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth. Analysis reveals that as the loop rotation angle increases, the bandwidths of the reference and present antennas reach 20% and 43%, respectively, twice and three times as broad as those of the corresponding antennas without the rotation. Next, we modify the present antenna using a sequential rotation technique and discuss the radiation characteristics. The simulated results are verified with experimental ones.
An innovative hybrid load shifting and curtailing technique for operating a plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle integrated microgrid system in a clean and cost‐effective manner
Authors: Dey Bishwajit , Dutta Soham , Saikia Santana , Kumar Rangu Seshu
Published: February 2025

Demand‐side management (DSM) tactics such as load shifting (LSP) and load curtailment (LCP) improve energy efficiency in a low‐voltage microgrid (MG). LCP encourages load reduction, whereas LSP directs elastic loads to low‐cost times. The MG under consideration includes price‐based (PBDR) and incentive‐based demand response (IBDR), as well as a hybrid DSM (HDSM) that blends LSP and IBDR. Plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are also incorporated to reduce expense and pollution. LSP shifts 20% of elastic loads, while IBDR cuts 35 kW to counter PHEV demand. Optimal generator scheduling seeks to reduce costs and emissions across five load profiles, including base load. The minimum generating cost is reduced from $252 (base load) to $234, $246, and $230 for LSP, IBDR, and HDSM, respectively. Emissions remain at 2916 kg for base and LSP‐based loads, while IBDR and HDSM reduce them to 2792 kg. Among all techniques, HDSM has the best trade‐off, with a $237 generation cost and 3116 kg emissions.
Titanium chemistry of WASP-121 b with ESPRESSO in 4-UT mode
Authors: Prinoth B. , Seidel J. V. , Hoeijmakers H. J. , Morris B. M. , Baratella M. , Borsato N. W. , Damasceno Y. C. , Parmentier V. , Kitzmann D. , Sedaghati E. , Pino L. , Borsa F. , Allart R. , Santos N. , Steiner M. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Tabernero H. , Zapatero Osorio M. R.
Published: February 2025

Transit spectroscopy usually relies on the integration of one or several transits to achieve the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) necessary to resolve spectral features. Consequently, high-S/N observations of exoplanet atmospheres, where we can forgo integration, are essential for disentangling the complex chemistry and dynamics beyond global trends. In this study, we combined two partial 4-UT transits of the ultrahot Jupiter WASP-121 b, observed with the ESPRESSO at the European Southern Observatory’s Very Large Telescope in order to revisit its titanium chemistry. Through cross-correlation analysis, we achieved detections of H I, Li I, Na I, K I, Mg I, Ca I, Ti I, V I, Cr I, Mn I, Fe I, Fe II, Co I, Ni I, Ba II, Sr I, and Sr II. Additionally, narrow-band spectroscopy allowed us to resolve strong single lines, resulting in significant detections of Hα, Hβ, Hγ, Li I, Na I, K I, Mg I, Ca II, Sr I, Sr II, and Mn I. Our most notable finding is the high-significance detection of Ti I (∼5σ per spectrum, and ∼19σ stacked in the planetary rest frame). Comparison with atmospheric models reveals that Ti I is indeed depleted compared to V I. We also resolve the planetary velocity traces of both Ti I and V I, with Ti I exhibiting a significant blueshift toward the end of the transit. This suggests that Ti I primarily originates from low-latitude regions within the super-rotating jet observed in WASP-121 b. Our observations suggest limited mixing between the equatorial jet and the mid-latitudes, in contrast with model predictions from General Circulation Models. We also report the non-detection of TiO, which we attribute to inaccuracies in the line list that could hinder its detection, even if present. Thus, the final determination of the presence of TiO must await space-based observations. We conclude that the 4-UT mode of ESPRESSO is an excellent testbed for achieving high S/N on relatively faint targets, paving the way for future observations with the Extremely Large Telescope.
Changes in Hemophilia Treatment in the Eastern Part of Germany between 2015 and 2021—Data from the Kompetenznetz Hämorrhagische Diathese Ost (KHDO)
Authors: Pfrepper Christian , Siecke Annika , Klamroth Robert , Kühnöl Caspar , Kentouche Karim , Holzhauer Susanne , Fischer Lars , Aumann Volker , Trautmann-Grill Karolin , Scholz Ute , Halm-Heinrich Ines , Krammer-Steiner Beate , Schilling Kristina , Knöfler Ralf , Hagedorn Nikola ,   the Kompetenznetz Hämorrhagische Diathese Ost
Published: February 2025

Introduction Treatment options for patients with hemophilia (PWH) have changed substantially in the last years. This study aimed to compare hemophilia treatment in the eastern part of Germany in 2021 with data from 2015.

Methods Substitution diaries and patient records of PWH from 2021 were collected in 13 hemophilia centers from the “Kompetenznetz Hämorrhagische Diathese Ost” (KHDO) and compared with 2015.

Results A total of 130 children and 357 adults, 411 hemophilia A (HA) and 76 hemophilia B (HB), were included in 2021, and 359 were already analyzed in 2015. In 2021, 97.8% of children and 95.7% of adults with severe hemophilia had prophylaxis compared with 98.8 and 80.2% in 2015. Plasma-derived concentrates were used in 25.6%, recombinant in 30.2%, extended half-life (EHL) factor concentrates in 24.4%, and emicizumab in 19.8% of the children with severe HA (sHA). In adults with sHA, plasma-derived, recombinant concentrates, EHL, and emicizumab were used in 21.0, 33.2, 31.2, and 14.2%, respectively. All children and 93.3% of the adults with severe HB (sHB) were on EHL. Median annual factor consumption per body weight increased in adults with sHA, remained stable in children with sHA and adults with sHB, and decreased in children with sHB between 2015 and 2021. Annualized bleeding rate (ABR) decreased in children with sHB and sHA.

Conclusion The use of EHL and emicizumab has changed hemophilia treatment. About 50% of the sHA patients switched to EHL or emicizumab and almost all sHB patients to EHL. More adults with sHA received prophylaxis and ABR decreased in children.
Dose-Optimized Image Acquisition Parameters for Neonatal Chest Radiography: A Phantom Study Comparing Computed Radiography and Wireless Digital Radiography Needle Detectors
Authors: Rama Kevin , Esser Michael , Spogis Jakob , Wanninger Friedrich , Hoberg Bernd , Schäfer Jürgen Frank
Published: February 2025

To determine dose-optimized image acquisition parameters for good image quality (IQ) in neonatal chest radiography with a computed radiography (CR) CsBr needle detector vs. a wireless digital radiography (DR) CsI detector using different doses and filters.

Physical resolution of the two detectors in unprocessed imaging of a contrast-detail phantom was automatically evaluated. Post-processed chest radiographic imaging of a neonatal phantom was used for Visual Grading Analysis (VGA) by three radiology raters. Different kVp, mAs, and filter settings were used. The VGA score (VGAS) and dose area product (DAP) were used to determine image acquisition parameters and dose levels for good image quality. Pixel data from segments corresponding to visual grading characteristics (VGC) was used to calculate signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and signal profile curves. These results were compared to the raters’ “ground truth” by Spearman’s correlation.

The CR detector had the highest resolution in unprocessed imaging, although this was dependent on a tube voltage of 66 kVp (P < 0.001), and more so than the DR detector. The VGAS showed no significant difference between the CR needle and the DR CsI detectors at the same DAP, or when using standard pediatric filtering of 3.5 mm Al + 0.1 mm Cu (P > 0.05). A lung dose level of 0.017 mSv was needed for good IQ (effective dose (E): 0.010 mSv). This was achievable with different acquisition parameters. Out of 24 segments, only the CNR of bone-to-soft-tissue had a good Spearman’s correlation (ρ > 0.50) to raters’ VGAS (P < 0.0001), mostly due to problems with image registration.

The CR needle and DR CsI detectors have comparable IQ in neonatal chest radiography. In this study, an E of approximately 0.010 mSv was needed for good IQ.
Edema, Ecchymosis, and Pain: Classic versus Electric Micro-Saw Osteotomy
Authors: Bayrakci Erdem , Aricigil Mitat , Eryilmaz M. Akif , Eravci Fakih Cihat , Arbağ Hamdi
Published: February 2025

To compare postoperative edema, ecchymosis, and pain after rhinoplasty using conventional (classical) osteotomy versus powered (electric) micro-saw osteotomy techniques. Between December 2021 and May 2023, 90 patients aged 18 to 45 underwent rhinoplasty at our clinic. Of these, 45 patients underwent lateral and transverse osteotomy with powered saw instruments, whereas 45 underwent conventional osteotomy. A resident examined edema, ecchymosis, and pain on the first, third, and seventh postoperative days. The specialist was blinded to the osteotomy method (single-blind). Edema and ecchymosis were categorized using the Yücel modification of the Kara and Gokalan classification, and the pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale. The patients who underwent osteotomy with an electric micro-saw (group 1) had less edema on the first and third days than with conventional osteotomy (group 2). However, on the seventh day, although group 1 had slightly less edema than group 2, there were no significant differences. On the other hand, group 2 had significantly more ecchymosis on the first and third postoperative days compared with group 1, but there were no significant differences on the seventh day. On the first postoperative days, patients in group 2 reported significantly more pain on average compared with group 1. There were no significant differences in pain levels between the two groups on the third and seventh days following the surgery. After rhinoplasty, patients commonly suffer from edema, ecchymosis, and pain. Our research suggests that using a powered micro-saw effectively reduces early-stage ecchymosis and pain compared with the conventional low-to-low osteotomy technique. However, there were no notable differences between the two methods regarding edema, ecchymosis, and pain on the seventh day after surgery. The electric micro-saw appears to be a feasible alternative in the osteotomy step, showing effectiveness comparable to that of the conventional method.
Comparative Outcomes of Surgical Techniques for Congenital Diaphragmatic Eventration in Children: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: ALZAHRANI khalid , Heng Lymeymey , Khen-dunlop Naziha , Panait Nicoleta , Hervieux Erik , GRYNBERG Lucie , olivier abbo , Hameury Frédéric , Lavrand frederic , Maillet Olivier , Haffreingue Aurore , Lehn Anne , de Napoli-Cocci Stephan , Habonimana Edouard , michel jean-luc , MONTALVA Louise , BALLOUHEY Quentin , Fotso Kamdem Arnaud , Lecompte Jean-Francois , Line Antoine , Poupalou Anna , Meignan Pierre , Deslandes Loren , Podevin Guillaume , Schmitt Françoise
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This study compares various surgical approaches for treating congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) in children to identify the most effective and safest method.
Methods: we conducted a retrospective analysis of a multicentric cohort of pediatric patients operated on for CDE between 2010 and 2021. The different surgical approaches, including robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS), and their outcomes were compared. (Clinical Trials NCT04862494).
Results: 112 patients, aged 12 [5 – 21] months, underwent diaphragmatic plication. Thoracoscopy or RATS was performed in 69 (62%) cases, postero-lateral thoracotomy (PLT) in 15 (13%) and an abdominal approach in 28 (25%), based on surgeons’ choice. Symptom relief was achieved in 88% of patients, and 90% showed radiographic improvement. There were 31 peri- or early postoperative complications (28%), mainly including pleural effusions, infections and lobar atelectasis, and eight recurrences of eventration (7%), with no significant correlation between these complications and the surgical approach. Compared to other approaches, thoracotomy multiplied the duration of intravenous analgesia by three (96 vs 36h, p<0.0001), and hospital stay length by two (8 vs 4d, p = 0.002). RATS, although comparable to thoracoscopy in short-term outcomes, had a higher incidence of perioperative hepatic injuries and long-term complications, including persistent symptoms in all 5 patients and chest wall deformities in two.
Conclusions: Diaphragmatic plication via a minimally invasive thoracic approach may be the best treatment option for cases of symptomatic CDE. Further research is required to establish potential added risks of RATS as compared to thoracoscopy in this indication.
Preface (Introduction)
Authors: Singal Ashwani K.
Published: February 2025

Not applicable.
Total synthesis of aloin via regioselective Diels–Alder reactions connecting two 3-silylbenzynes and 2-stannylfuran
Authors: Moriyama Shogo , Emi Yuto , Nosaki Toshifumi , Morikawa Yuki , Shigeta Takashi , Takagi Akira , Egi Masahiro , Ikawa Takashi , Sawama Yoshinari , Akai Shuji
Published: February 2025

The first synthesis of aloin, a natural anthrone C-glycoside, was achieved via two sequential Diels–Alder (DA) reactions connecting 3-silyl-benzynes and 2-stannylfuran. The silyl and stannyl substituents contributed to the regioselectivity of the two DA reactions and the 9,10-ether cleavage of the DA adduct. The subsequent conversion of silyl groups to hydroxyl groups and C10-glycosylation completed the synthesis of aloin.
Scaphoid Non-union Arthroscopic treatment without Bone Graft: Is it Possible?
Authors: F. Caloia M. , F. Bozoghlian M. , D. González Scotti , L. Fernández D.
Published: February 2025

Scaphoid fractures are the most frequent fractures of carpal bones, accounting for 70 to 80% of all carpal fractures. Appropriate and early diagnosis of scaphoid fractures is imperative.

To relieve symptoms and prevent degenerative changes, scaphoid non-union surgery should aim at healing and restoration of the normal anatomy, and correction of carpal deformities.

Since the scaphoid non-unions are a heterogeneous group, and categorization is not easy, the management remains controversial with a reported failure rate as high as 40% and the absence of a “gold standard” treatment.

Based on (a) Qu and Von Schroeder's new concepts on the osteogenic ability of the non-union cells stimulated by osteoinductive bone factors; (b) the encouraging results obtained by Illarramedi et al on decompression of the distal radius and ulna in Kiënbock disease treatment; and (c) along with the minimal surgical trauma of percutaneous and arthroscopic techniques, the authors have begun treating scaphoid non-unions without bone graft by using arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation with metaphyseal core decompression of the distal radius. The technique has also been used in advanced cases with “humpback” deformity and long-standing non-unions. Resting on the observations of CT scans and arthroscopic findings, we have introduced a new comprehensive classification of scaphoid non-union for better categorization and typification and provide an improved treatment approach. We recommend arthroscopic-assisted treatment in young and middle-aged non-smoking patients with scaphoid non-unions. Percutaneous fixation alone is sufficient for stable stages I and II, whereas additional core decompression of the distal radius can be used for unstable stages, for bone defects greater than 10 mm, and for the proximal pole non-unions. This method is not suggested in non-unions with significant sclerosis, with a complete absence of punctate bleeding of the proximal pole, and in those with a very small proximal fragment.
Queer Muslim solidarity: Working against binaries
Authors: Minty Sodah
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses unique intersectional identities within the Muslim community, and some common assumptions regarding “religious identity” and the blind spots that this creates in the therapeutic space. It discusses the author’s advocacy work for queer Muslims seeking an identity or cultural match with a Muslim therapist who also affirms their queer identities, and explores issues related to invisible and visible identities, intersectionality, belonging, and advocacy. This paper uses intersectionality as a framework to emphasize the added labor, adversity and invisible negotiations that Muslims who do not fit the stereotype “Muslim” face from all angles. Applying Jasbir Puar’s conceptualization of “homonationalism,” which captures the multiple negotiations queer Muslims living in the west face as they also navigate their other intersecting identities, this paper argues that the invisibility of some identities creates both barriers to mental health care and the potential for secret solidarity between provider and client. The reader is brought on a journey of secret solidarity—the bond formed between those who understand the risk of allying with queerness as a Muslim person, and the lengths we all go to be perceived a certain way while trying to make revolutionary change.
Investigation on the effect of diffuser vane load slope on the energy dissipation and periodic unsteadiness in centrifugal pump
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Lin Junxia , Pei Ji , Chen Jia , Gan Xingcheng , Sun Ju , Sun Qin
Published: February 2025

To ensure the long-term efficiency and stability of large volute-type centrifugal pumps, the impact of different guide vane load distributions on pump performance and internal flow conditions is analyzed. A three-dimensional inverse design method combined with computational fluid dynamics technology is adopted. Nine load distribution schemes are developed, based on the slope values in the load distribution curve. These schemes highlight the strong correlation between the slope of the load distribution curves at the shroud and hub and the pump's efficiency and head. This study examines the pressure distribution, energy loss, and pressure pulsation characteristics of the nine load distribution schemes. It is found that the front-loaded scheme at both the shroud and hub (Scheme A-A) consistently exhibits poor pressure distribution. In this scheme, the pressure at the guide vane inlet is greater than at the outlet, significantly reducing the pump's head. Both the front-loaded (Scheme A-A) and rear-loaded (Scheme C-C) shroud and hub configurations show large regions of entropy production. In Scheme C-C, the hydraulic loss at the guide vane reaches 0.59 m. The combination of a front-loaded shroud and a rear-loaded hub (Scheme A-C) as well as the mid-loaded shroud and hub configuration (Scheme B-B) minimizes energy loss within the passage and improves hydraulic performance. As the flow rate increases, high-pressure pulsation regions expand. In the front-loaded scheme, these regions become more pronounced. However, the rear-loaded scheme (e.g., Scheme C-C) effectively suppresses pressure pulsations in the leafless region. This configuration reduces the pulsation amplitude by 32.7% compared to the front-loaded scheme at 1.1Qd.
Robust holonomic quantum gates via cyclic evolution protection
Authors: Liang Yan , Chen Tao , Xue Zheng-Yuan
Published: February 2025

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation provides a promising approach toward fault-tolerant quantum control, due to its simple requirements for energy level structure and intrinsic robustness stemming from non-Abelian geometric phases. However, conventional nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation relies on segmented evolution along a specific trajectory, which not only complicates experimental control but also exacerbates decoherence effects. Meanwhile, minor deviations in systematic parameters can directly disrupt the cyclic evolution process necessary to construct holonomic gates, leading to degraded gate robustness. To address these disadvantages, we here propose a general strategy to incorporate cyclic evolution protection into the holonomic gate construction. The aim is to design on-demand trajectories by modulating pulse shapes, thereby circumventing the detrimental impact of systematic errors on cyclic evolution. Consequently, universal holonomic gates implemented through a stable cyclic evolution process can maintain lower error sensitivity. Meanwhile, in our scheme, compressing the state population in the ancillary state ensures less energy consumption, resulting in higher gate fidelity. Therefore, our work serves as a practical solution for achieving high-fidelity and robust universal quantum gates, paving the way for large-scale quantum computation.
Universal cascade and relaxation of strong anisotropic turbulence in plasma fluids
Authors: Sasmal Ramesh , Banerjee Supratik
Published: February 2025

Starting from the governing equations, exact relations have been derived for three-dimensional reduced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence corresponding to the inertial range cascade of energy and cross helicity. Justifications are provided for not attempting to recover the said exact relations as a limit of the exact relations previously derived for incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Assuming axial symmetry, an anisotropic energy spectrum has been predicted from the exact relation and is found to be consistent with the critical balance, thus leading to a −5/3 perpendicular energy spectrum. In the case of a strong alignment between the velocity and the magnetic field fluctuations, the derived exact relation implies perpendicular energy spectra with −5/3 and −3/2 power-law dependence along and transverse to the alignment, respectively. Using the alternative form of the exact relations, it is shown that the flow naturally relaxes toward a state of dynamic alignment in the limit of negligible kinetic and magnetic pressure. Finally, despite having different equations of dynamics, the exact relations for energy and cross-helicity and the relaxed states of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics are found to be identical to those in reduced magnetohydrodynamic flow.
Effects of the Reynolds number and attack angle on wake dynamics of fish swimming in oblique flows
Authors: Shi Fulong , Xin Jianjian , Ou Chuanzhong , Li Zhiwei , Chang Xing , Wan Ling
Published: February 2025

This study numerically simulated oblique flows around an undulating fish using a ghost cell method with general processing unit (GPU) acceleration to investigate the hydrodynamic mechanism of swimming fish at an angle to the flow direction. The hydrodynamic performance and wake patterns of swimming fish were assessed under different attack angles (α) and Reynolds numbers (Re) over a wide range of Strouhal numbers (St). The results indicate that a higher St for the nonzero α yields a larger lift-to-drag ratio and thrust, which benefits propulsion and maneuverability. As the α grows, the fish can obtain a higher thrust along the tangential direction with reduced energy consumption. Additionally, the force coefficients shift from the nearly periodic variation to the multiple-period oscillations due to the modulation of several harmonic components. Similarly, increasing Re also enhances the propulsive performance, although to a lesser extent than α and St. Correspondingly, the force pattern becomes increasingly unstable and irregular as the viscous force diminishes. A high St can amplify the effects of α and Re. Diverse wake modes are captured, depending on the α, St, and Re including the von Kármán (VK) vortex modes, the interaction of the leading-edge vortex and trailing-edge vortex, and the multiscale vortex pattern. Thrust is not necessarily induced by the reverse von Kármán (RVK) mode, and it can be generated in both the VK and RVK modes. Furthermore, a higher Re intensifies vortex interactions and wake deflection.
Wave run-up and secondary load cycle on a rounded square column in focused waves
Authors: Shan Meng , Xiao Longfei , Kou Yufeng , Wu Wencheng , Li Kelu
Published: February 2025

The wave–column interaction under extreme waves is a key issue affecting the safety of marine structures. This study investigates the wave run-up and wave load characteristics on a rounded square column under focused waves using a combination of physical experiments and numerical simulations. The results showed that the increase in wave steepness and period significantly intensifies the wave–column interactions, leading to greater wave run-ups along the column surface. When the focus position is located at the rear surface of the column, the wave run-up height is greater than those at other focus positions. Due to the diffraction effect of the column's rounded corners on wave energy, the wave run-up height is notably reduced under quartering waves. Additionally, the phenomenon of secondary load cycle (SLC) was identified and investigated to explore its underlying mechanism during the interaction between focused waves and the rounded square column. The results indicated that the complex motion of scattered waves behind the column is the primary cause of the secondary load cycle. Furthermore, the presence of a reverse slamming force on the rear side of the column is confirmed, with wavelet analysis revealing that this force contains a high-frequency component. This study provides new insights into the design and safety assessment of column structures under extreme wave conditions.
A comprehensive review of deep learning-based fault diagnosis approaches for rolling bearings: Advancements and challenges
Authors: Zhao Jiangdong , Wang Wenming , Huang Ji , Ma Xiaolu
Published: February 2025

Rolling bearing fault diagnosis is an important technology for health monitoring and pre-maintenance of mechanical equipment, which is of great significance for improving equipment operation reliability and reducing maintenance costs. This article reviews the research progress of fault diagnosis methods for rolling bearings, with a focus on analyzing the applications, advantages, and disadvantages of traditional data-driven methods, deep learning methods, graph embedding methods, and Transformer methods in this field. In addition, further analysis was conducted on the main issues of current research, including complex network structures, insufficient information attention, difficulties in graph data processing, and challenges in long-term dependency modeling. In response to these challenges, future research should focus on designing more lightweight and efficient models, improving computational efficiency, robustness of the models, and strengthening attention and deep mining of fault features.
Anisotropic thermal conductivity and Péclet number in the stability analysis of Casson fluid flow in a porous medium channel
Authors: Kumar Anil , Bhargavi D. , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle
Published: February 2025

In this study, analyses of linear and nonlinear stability of Casson fluid movement underneath a saturated porous medium characterized by the Péclet number and anisotropy thermal conductivity effects are carried out. The Darcy–Brinkman model under the Oberbeck–Boussinesq assumption is used. This study has various applications in environmental engineering, petroleum engineering, polymer processing, and biomedical engineering. Utilizing the Chebyshev tau method, the linear stability issue is resolved. Nonlinear stability is investigated using the energy method. Here, marginal stability plots illustrate the stable and unstable regions and the variation of the critical Darcy–Rayleigh number with variations in other parameters such as the porous medium parameter, the Peclet number, the anisotropic thermal conductivity, and the Casson parameter. Growth rate plots are presented to indicate the growth or decay of the disturbance, and contour plots are presented and analyzed to determine the flow patterns of both the streamlines and the isotherms. The results obtained in the study are validated with existing literature for some special cases. Furthermore, the subcritical region is shown in marginal stability plots. The system is stabilized as a result of the increased permeability, which delays convection, as indicated by an increasing Darcy number. It demonstrates the stabilizing effect, and the anisotropic thermal conductivity parameter also stabilizes as a result of an increase in horizontal thermal conductivity in the horizontal direction.
Temporal autocorrelation is predictive of age—An extensive MEG time-series analysis
Authors: Stier Christina , Balestrieri Elio , Fehring Jana , Focke Niels K. , Wollbrink Andreas , Dannlowski Udo , Gross Joachim
Published: February 2025

Understanding the evolving dynamics of the brain throughout life is pivotal for anticipating and evaluating individual health. While previous research has described age effects on spectral properties of neural signals, it remains unclear which ones are most indicative of age-related processes. This study addresses this gap by analyzing resting-state data obtained from magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 350 adults (18 to 88 y). We employed advanced time-series analysis at the brain region level and machine learning to predict age. While traditional spectral features achieved low to moderate accuracy, over a hundred time-series features proved superior. Notably, temporal autocorrelation (AC) emerged as the most robust predictor of age. Distinct patterns of AC within the visual and temporal cortex were most informative, offering a versatile measure of age-related signal changes for comprehensive health assessments based on brain activity.
Structural requirements of KAI2 ligands for activation of signal transduction
Authors: Kushihara Rito , Nakamura Akihiko , Takegami Katsuki , Seto Yoshiya , Kato Yusuke , Dohra Hideo , Ohnishi Toshiyuki , Todoroki Yasushi , Takeuchi Jun
Published: February 2025

Karrikin Insensitive 2 (KAI2), identified as the receptor protein for karrikins (KARs), which are smoke-derived seed germination stimulants, belongs to the same α/β-hydrolase family as D14, the receptor for strigolactones (SLs). KAI2 is believed to recognize an endogenous butenolide (KAI2 ligand; KL), but the identity of this compound remains unknown. Recent studies have suggested that ligand hydrolysis by KAI2 is a prerequisite for receptor activation to induce interaction with the target proteins, similar to the situation with D14. However, direct experimental evidence has been lacking. Here, we designed KAI2 ligands (carba-dMGers) whose butenolide rings were modified so that they cannot be hydrolyzed or dissociated from the original ligand molecule by KAI2, by structurally modifying dMGer, a potent and selective KAI2 agonist. Using these dMGer analogs, we found that the strongly bioactive ligand, (+)-dMGer, was hydrolyzed by KAI2 at a lower enzymatic rate compared with the weakly bioactive ligand, (+)-1′-carba-dMGer, and the hydrolyzed butenolide ring of (+)-dMGer was transiently trapped in the catalytic pocket of KAI2. Additionally, structural analysis revealed that (+)-6′-carba-dMGer bound to the catalytic pocket of KAI2 in the unhydrolyzed state. However, this binding did not induce the interaction between KAI2 and SMAX1, indicating that ligand binding to the receptor alone was not sufficient for KAI2 signaling. This study showed experimental data from a ligand structure–activity study that ligand hydrolysis and subsequent covalent adduct formation with the catalytic triad plays a key role in KAI2 activation, providing insight into the chemical structure of the
Arabidopsis
KL.
Druggable genome screens identify SPP as an antiviral host target for multiple flaviviruses
Authors: Qiao Wenjie , Xie Xuping , Shi Pei-Yong , Ooi Yaw Shin , Carette Jan E.
Published: February 2025

Mosquito-borne flaviviruses, such as dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus, and yellow fever virus, pose significant public health threats globally. Extensive efforts have led to the development of promising highly active compounds against DENV targeting viral non-structural protein 4B (NS4B) protein. However, due to the cocirculation of flaviviruses and to prepare for emerging flaviviruses, there is a need for more broadly acting antivirals. Host-directed therapy where one targets a host factor required for viral replication may be active against multiple viruses that use similar replication strategies. Here, we used a CRISPR-Cas9 library that we designed to target the druggable genome and identified signal peptide peptidase (SPP, encoded by Histocompatibility Minor 13, HM13), as a critical host factor in DENV infection. Genetic knockout or introducing mutations that disrupt the proteolytic activity of SPP markedly reduced the replication of multiple flaviviruses. Although their substrates differ, SPP has structural homology with γ-secretase, which has been pursued as a pharmacological target for Alzheimer’s disease. Notably, SPP-targeting compounds exhibited potent anti-DENV activity at low nanomolar concentrations across multiple primary and disease-relevant cell types, acting specifically through SPP inhibition rather than γ-secretase inhibition. Importantly, SPP inhibitors were active at low nanomolar concentrations against flaviviruses other than DENV including ZIKV while DENV NS4B inhibitors lost activity. This study emphasizes the strong potential of SPP as a pan-flaviviral target and provides a framework for identifying host druggable targets to screen for broad-spectrum antivirals.
A structural atlas of death domain fold proteins reveals their versatile roles in biology and function
Authors: Wu Emily J. , Kandalkar Ankita T. , Ehrmann Julian F. , Tong Alexander B. , Zhang Jing , Cong Qian , Wu Hao
Published: February 2025

Death domain fold (DDF) superfamily proteins are critically important players in pathways of cell death and inflammation. DDFs are often essential scaffolding domains in receptors, adaptors, or effectors of these pathways by mediating homo- and hetero-oligomerization including helical filament assembly. At the downstream ends of these pathways, effector oligomerization by DDFs brings the enzyme domains into proximity for their dimerization and activation. Hundreds of structures of these domains have been solved. However, a comprehensive understanding of DDFs is lacking. In this article, we report the curation of a DDF structural atlas as a public website (deathdomain.org) and deduce the common and distinct principles of DDF-mediated oligomerization among the four families (death domain or DD, death effector domain or DED, caspase recruitment domain or CARD, and pyrin domain or PYD). We further annotate DDFs genome-wide based on AlphaFold-predicted models and protein sequences. These studies reveal mechanistic rules for this widely distributed domain superfamily.
Lymphatic transport in anti-tumor immunity and metastasis
Authors: Sun Mengzhu , Angelillo Julien , Hugues Stéphanie
Published: February 2025

Although lymphatic vessels (LVs) are present in many tumors, their importance in cancer has long been underestimated. In contrast to the well-studied tumor-associated blood vessels, LVs were previously considered to function as passive conduits for tumor metastasis. However, emerging evidence over the last two decades has shed light on their critical role in locally shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we review the involvement of LVs in tumor progression, metastasis, and modulation of anti-tumor immune response.
Spectrum of high-frequency gravitational waves from graviton bremsstrahlung by
the decay of inflaton: case with polynomial potential
Authors: Jiang Yiheng , Suyama Teruaki
Published: February 2025

We study the generation of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) through graviton
bremsstrahlung during the decay of inflaton in the post-inflationary universe, focusing on
scenarios with a polynomial inflaton potential. Two main reheating channels are considered:
decays into bosons (spin 0) and fermions (spin 1/2). We compute the resulting GW spectra
from three-body decays, where the inflaton decays into a pair of daughter particles and a
graviton. We numerically compute the GW spectra for various polynomial exponents by employing two
distinct approaches: one treating the inflaton as a collection of rest particles and the other
treating it as a coherently oscillating classical field. In the former approach, only gravitons
with energies below half the inflaton mass are produced, while the latter allows for the
production of gravitons with arbitrarily high energies when the potential exponent is 4 or
greater. This difference arises because the inflaton's oscillations are no longer described by a
single harmonic mode but instead consist of infinitely many harmonic modes with different
frequencies. As a result, the GW spectrum exhibits multiple peaks, with these peaks being less
pronounced for higher powers of the potential. We also examine the dependence of the GW spectrum
on the coupling constant between the inflaton and daughter particles. Our findings suggest that
future GW detectors targeting GWs in the GHz band, such as resonant cavities, may have the
capability to detect these signals, offering potential insights into the reheating phase of the
early universe.
Measuring σ
8 using DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Emission-Line galaxies and Planck CMB lensing, and the impact of dust on parameter inference
Authors: Karim Tanveer , Singh Sukhdeep , Rezaie Mehdi , Eisenstein Daniel , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Speagle Joshua S. , Aguilar Jessica Nicole , Ahlen Steven , Brooks David , Claybaugh Todd , de la Macorra Axel , Ferraro Simone , Forero-Romero Jaime E. , Gaztañaga Enrique , Gontcho Satya Gontcho A. , Gutierrez Gaston , Guy Julien , Honscheid Klaus , Juneau Stephanie , Kirkby David , Krolewski Alex , Lambert Andrew , Landriau Martin , Levi Michael , Meisner Aaron , Miquel Ramon , Moustakas John , Muñoz-Gutiérrez Andrea , Myers Adam , Niz Gustavo , Palanque-Delabrouille Nathalie , Percival Will , Prada Francisco , Rossi Graziano , Sanchez Eusebio , Schlafly Edward , Schlegel David , Schubnell Michael , Sprayberry David , Tarlé Gregory , Weaver Benjamin Alan , Zou Hu
Published: February 2025

Measuring the growth of structure is a powerful probe for studying the dark sector,
especially in light of the σ
8 tension between primary CMB anisotropy and low-redshift
surveys. This paper provides a new measurement of the amplitude of the matter power spectrum,
σ
8, using galaxy-galaxy and galaxy-CMB lensing power spectra of Dark Energy Spectroscopic
Instrument Legacy Imaging Surveys Emission-Line Galaxies and the Planck 2018 CMB lensing
map. We create an ELG catalog composed of 24 million galaxies and with a purity of 85%,
covering a redshift range 0 < z < 3, with z
mean = 1.09. We implement several novel
systematic corrections, such as jointly modeling the contribution of imaging systematics and
photometric redshift uncertainties to the covariance matrix. We also study the impacts of various
dust maps on cosmological parameter inference. We measure the cross-power spectra over f
sky = 0.25 with a signal-to-background ratio of up to 30σ. We find that the choice of
dust maps to account for imaging systematics in estimating the ELG overdensity field has a
significant impact on the final estimated values of σ
8 and ΩM, with
far-infrared emission-based dust maps preferring σ
8 to be as low as 0.702 ± 0.030, and
stellar-reddening-based dust maps preferring as high as 0.719 ± 0.030. The highest preferred
value is at ∼ 3 σ tension with the Planck primary anisotropy results. These
findings indicate a need for tomographic analyses at high redshifts and joint modeling of systematics.
Utilizing dermoscopy methods with machine learning and deep learning algorithms to diagnose skin lesions
Authors: Kiet Le Tuan , Hau Tran Thien , Bao Duong Tan Gia , Anh Tu Tran
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence is fast-growing and applied in a wide range of industries nowadays, including the healthcare sector. Dermatology is one of the areas where AI has a big influence, particularly when it comes to dermoscopy-based skin lesion diagnosis. This paper aims to develop useful techniques for disease image classification that make use of deep learning and machine learning techniques. Continuously, looking at and making suggestions for improvements is to raise the model’s efficacy during the training phases. The convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was developed, trained, and evaluated on the Skin Cancer MNIST: HAM10000 data set, and subsequently deployed on Kaggel software using Python and the Keras framework. The results are mostly 0.95 or higher, models with Precision and Recall measurements are relatively stable. In particular, for cases like actinic keratosis, benign skin tumors, and vascular lesions, the values of Precision and Recall both reached level 1, indicating that there were no instances of incorrect predictions.
A Study On Synthesizing Electronic Health Record Data For Privacy Preservation
Authors: Mai Tran Phuc Nhat , Phat Vo Nguyen , Tan Le Nhat
Published: February 2025

Predicting the risk of developing various diseases using machine learning models, deep learning, and neural networks trained on electronic health record (EHR) data has become crucial in today’s healthcare landscape. However, safeguarding personal information remains a significant concern due to the potential for sensitive information leakage from EHR databases, which often contain personal information that, if revealed, can lead to identity theft, discrimination, and other types of harm. This study aims to apply synthetic data as a replacement for real databases to protect personal information while ensuring the responsible use of data for research, AI applications, and collaborative analysis. The research was conducted on two different EHR databases using a statistical model (Gaussian Copula Synthesizer) and a deep learning model (Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Synthesizer). Specifically, the study focused on forecasting diabetes risks in the next year and predicting Intensive Care Unit outcomes in EHRs. The quality of these synthetic datasets was evaluated using statistical metrics and machine learning efficiency. Moreover, data security efficiency was assessed using statistical-based privacy metrics, including k-Anonymity, l-Diversity, and ε–Identifiability values. The results demonstrate the significant quality and privacy of synthetic data generated by both models, highlighting the potential of the proposed pipeline of synthetic data-generating models in future healthcare applications.
Effect of Spacing and Penetration Length of Prefabricated Vertical Drain on Consolidation Settlement of Soft Soil
Authors: Dang Van Cong Bang , Tuan Le Anh , Tran Tan Phuc , Nguyen Thien Hoa , Nguyen Duc Huy , Khoa Do Dang , Nguyen Tan Hung
Published: February 2025

Surcharge load with prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) is a special soft soil improvement technique. The utilization of this technique leads the soft soil to reach the ultimate consolidation settlement effectively since it can save the time and cost for embankment construction. The effectiveness of using surcharge load with PVD to enhance the ultimate consolidation settlement of the soft soil is strongly dependent on the soil properties, surcharge load, the configuration of PVD such as spacing and penetration length. The current study investigates the effect of PVD spacing and penetration length on the consolidation settlement of the improved soft soil via finite element analysis program, Plaxis 2D 2017. The results showed that the soft soil with PVD different spacings as 1.0 m, 1.5 m and 2.0 m produced similar results for the ultimate consolidation settlement and the excess pore water pressure. In addition, this study also figured that PVD penetration lengths seemed to not affect remarkably the consolidation process of the improved soft soil when the PVD penetration length was 50%, 75% and 100%. It is noted that the results of the current study were based on a finite element analysis program. In the future, further laboratory and field tests should be carried out to better understand the consolidation settlement of the soft soil that subjected to surcharge load and improved by PVD as the vertical drains.
A comparative analysis of YOLOv5 and YOLOv7 object detecting models for speed-limit traffic-sign recognition
Authors: Quang Lam Tran , Truong Thinh Vo , Duong Ly Phi , Nhat Phi Lam , Dang Long Tran
Published: February 2025

Traffic sign recognition is a key element in automatic driver assist systems and autonomous vehicles, significantly improving driver’s comfort and driving safety. The You Only Look Once (YOLO) family of deep-learning-based object-detection algorithm has been widely adopted due to their real-time capabilities and ease of implementation. In this study, we compared the performance of Small-YOLOv5 and Tiny-YOLOv7, two recent variants of the YOLO architecture, on various traffic sign detection benchmarks. Our evaluation focused on three aspects: accuracy, speed/inference time and performance/computational complexity. The two models of YOLOv5 and YOLOv7 were trained with the same data set which consists of 3206 images representative for 7 different speed-limit signs including 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 and 120 km/h, 2 signs of residential area entrance and exit, and 1 sign of all-limit removal. These images were collected in various real-life environmental conditions such as daylight, nighttime, rain, and motion blur from a Raspberry Pi V2 8MP Camera with a resolution of 3280x2464 pixels and a focal length of 3.04 mm. Comparisons were conducted in different scenarios of image quality, distance from camera, and computer resources. In terms of image quality, performance decreased significantly as image quality dropped with YOLOv5, especially in low light, blurry images, and bad weather. Meanwhile, YOLOv7 maintained better performance in various environmental conditions. YOLOv7 was found to be more stable and reliable than YOLOv5 when image quality dropped. In terms of speed/processing time, when running on a system with high resources (such as Google Colab T4), YOLOv7 outperformed YOLOv5 in speed/inference time. On low-end resources (Jetson Nano), YOLOv7 was also slightly better than YOLOv5. Finally, YOLOv7 was able to maintain better performance than YOLOv5 when the subject was at different distances from the camera. The findings of this study suggested that the Tiny-YOLOv7, when combined with a high-level computing platform, could be beneficial for real-time traffic sign recognition.