bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Defect Detection in L-Shaped GFRP Laminates by Infrared Thermography
Authors: Chwał Małgorzata , Stawiarski Adam , Barski Marek , Augustyn Marcin
Published: June 2024

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates are used in many applications because of their availability, high mechanical properties, and cost-effectiveness. Fiber defects in the form of waviness or wrinkles can occur during the production of multilayered laminates. When curved laminates of significant thickness are produced, the likelihood of such defects increases. Studies have confirmed that fiber deformation during manufacture leads to a reduction in the mechanical properties of laminates. Therefore, early detection of such defects is essential. The main part of this paper deals with research into the possibility of using active infrared thermography to detect wrinkles in curved multilayered GFRP laminates. The size of the artificial wrinkles was assessed by analyzing scans and microimages. The shape deformations of the samples were evaluated by comparing the samples with the mold and the assumed nominal shape. The influence of the out-of-autoclave manufacturing process on the reduction in wrinkles formed without significantly affecting the internal structure of the laminate is presented in this work. This research demonstrated the ability to detect wrinkles in thick curved laminates using active infrared thermography. However, it also showed how the interpretation of the thermographic results is affected by the curvature of the structure, the lack of uniform heating, and the configuration of the thermographic setup.
Purification and Structural Analyses of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Low-Value Sea Cucumber Stichopus naso and Anticoagulant Activities of Its Oligosaccharides
Authors: Cui Lige , Sun Huifang , Shang Xiaolei , Wen Jing , Li Pengfei , Yang Shengtao , Chen Linxia , Huang Xiangyang , Li Haoyang , Yin Ronghua , Zhao Jinhua
Published: June 2024

Three polysaccharides (SnNG, SnFS and SnFG) were purified from the body wall of Stichopus naso. The physicochemical properties, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, sulfate content, and optical rotation, were analyzed, confirming that SnFS and SnFG are sulfated polysaccharides commonly found in sea cucumbers. The highly regular structure {3)-L-Fuc2S-(α1,}n of SnFS was determined via a detailed NMR analysis of its oxidative degradation product. By employing β-elimination depolymerization of SnFG, tri-, penta-, octa-, hendeca-, tetradeca-, and heptadeca-saccharides were obtained from the low-molecular-weight product. Their well-defined structures confirmed that SnFG possessed the backbone of {D-GalNAc4S6S-β(1,4)-D-GlcA}, and each GlcA residue was branched with Fuc2S4S. SnFS and SnFG are both structurally the simplest version of natural fucan sulfate and fucosylated glycosaminoglycan, facilitating the application of low-value sea cucumbers S. naso. Bioactivity assays showed that SnFG and its derived oligosaccharides exhibited potent anticoagulation and intrinsic factor Xase (iXase) inhibition. Moreover, a comparative analysis with the series of oligosaccharides solely branched with Fuc3S4S showed that in oligosaccharides with lower degrees of polymerization, such as octasaccharides, Fuc2S4S led to a greater increase in APTT prolongation and iXase inhibition. As the degree of polymerization increases, the influence from the sulfation pattern diminishes, until it is overshadowed by the effects of molecular weight.
Fluid Flow, Solidification and Solute Transport in Slab Continuous Casting with Different S-EMS Installation Positions
Authors: Liu Daiwei , Zhang Guifang , Zeng Jianhua , Li Yang
Published: June 2024

During continuous slab casting, strand electromagnetic stirring (S-EMS) has a significant effect on improving the slab quality. In the current work, a numerical model based on the practical slab continuous casting machine and coupled electromagnetic field, flow field, solidification, and solute transport was established to investigate and evaluate the effect of the S-EMS installation position with various current intensities on metallurgical behavior. The model was verified by magnetic field measurement, infrared camera, and nail shooting experiments. The results show that moving the S-EMS installation position to the solidification end reduces the stirring effect due to the skin effect and the increasing thickness of the slab shell. A higher installation position is beneficial for improving the equiaxed grain rate, while a lower one is beneficial for reducing carbon segregation. The maximum segregation index and range decrease from 1.26 to 1.2 and from 0.42 to 0.36 with the installation position being decreased from −3 m to −12.8 m, respectively. The industrial trials show that S-EMS installed at 3 m has a significant effect on expanding the equiaxed grain zone and a deteriorating effect on reducing carbon segregation.
Recovery of Lithium from Industrial Li-Containing Wastewater Using Fluidized-Bed Homogeneous Granulation Technology
Authors: Le Van Giang , Luu The Anh , Tran Huu Tuan , Bui Ngoc T. , Mofijur M. , Nguyen Minh Ky , Bui Xuan Thanh , Bahari M. B. , Vo Hoang Nhat Phong , Vu Chi Thanh , Chien Guo-Ping Chang , Huang Yao-Hui
Published: June 2024

In this study, a novel fluidized-bed homogeneous granulation (FBHo-G) process was developed to recover lithium (Li) from industrial Li-impacted wastewater. Five important operational variables (i.e., temperatures, pH, [P]0/[Li]0 molar ratios, surface loadings, and up-flow velocities (Umf)) were selected to optimize the Li recovery (TR%) and granulation ratio (GR%) efficiencies of the process. The optimal operational conditions were determined as the following: a temperature of 75 °C, pH of 11.5, [P]0/[Li]0 of 0.5, surface loading of 2.5 kg/m2·h, and Umf of 35.7 m/h). The TR% and GR% at optimal condition could be as much as 90%. The material characterization of the recovery pellet products showed that they were highly crystallized Li3PO4 (purity ~88.2%). The pellets had a round shape and smooth surface with an average size of 0.65 mm, so could easily be stored and transported. The high purity enables them to be further directly reused as raw materials for a wide range of industrial applications (e.g., in the synthesis of cathode materials). Our calculation shows that the FBHo-G process could recover up to 0.1845 kg of lithium per cubic meter of Li-containing wastewater, at a recovery rate of ~90%. A brief technoeconomic analysis shows that FBHG process had economic viability, with an estimate production cost of USD 26/kg Li removed, while the potential gained profit for selling lithium phosphate pellets could be up to USD 48 per the same volume of wastewater and the net profit up to USD 22/m3 Li treated. In all, fluidized-bed homogeneous granulation, a seedless one-step recovery process, opens a promising pathway toward a green and sustainable recycling industry for the recovery and application of the resource-limited lithium element from nonconventional water sources.
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Diseases and Their Economic Impacts
Authors: Jayaraman Ananya Sivaraman , Darekar Ishita , Dadhich Nidhi Vijayprakash , Tadepalli Lakshmi Sai Manasvi , Gongwang Yao , Singh Sunil , Gavor Edem
Published: June 2024

COVID-19 is an airborne respiratory disease that mainly affects the lungs. To date, COVID-19 has infected 580 million people with a mortality of approximately 7 million people worldwide. The emergence of COVID-19 has also affected the infectivity, diagnosis, and disease outcomes of existing diseases such as influenza, TB, and asthma in human populations. These are airborne respiratory diseases with symptoms and mode of transmission similar to those of COVID-19. It was speculated that the protracted nature of the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with vaccination could impact other respiratory diseases and mortality. In this study, we analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on flu, tuberculosis (TB), and asthma. Our analyses suggest that COVID-19 has a potential impact on the mortality of flu, TB, and asthma. These impacts vary across before the COVID-19 era, during the peak period of the pandemic, and after vaccinations/preventive measures were implemented, as well as across different regions of the world. Overall, the spread of flu generally reduced during the pandemic, resulting in a reduced expenditure on flu-related hospitalizations, although there were sporadic spikes at setting times. In contrast, TB deaths generally increased perhaps due to the disruption in access to TB services and reduction in resources. Asthma deaths, on the other hand, only marginally varied. Collectively, the emergence of COVID-19 added extra cost to the overall expenditure on some respiratory infectious diseases, while the cost for other infectious diseases was either reduced or somewhat unaffected.
HIV-Negative MSM Infected with Two Different Isolates of Drug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae—Case Report
Authors: Biała Martyna , Pencakowski Bartosz , Mączyńska Beata , Starzyński Konrad , Szetela Bartosz
Published: June 2024

The antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is an increasing public health concern, highlighted by the fact that gonococcus is considered as a ‘high’-priority pathogen by the WHO for research and development of new therapeutic options. According to the data of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in 2022, the rate of NG infections is the highest recorded since European surveillance of sexually transmitted infections began in 2009. We report a brief description of a patient infected with two different isolates of drug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. N. gonorrhoeae cultures were positive from oropharyngeal and urethral swabs and isolates had different antimicrobial susceptibility. We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates to six antimicrobials (ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and benzylpenicillin), and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs; mg/L) were determined using Etest on gonococcal isolates. Oropharyngeal isolate was resistant to azithromycin while urethral was resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. Two different and phylogenetically distinct sequence types of NG isolates were identified. Understanding the dynamics and drivers of resistance spread can provide an improved rationale for antibiotic management, and the level of NG resistance should be monitored closely.
Origen’s ‘Celsus’: Questions of Identity
Authors: Tarrant Harold
Published: June 2024

This article will investigate a certain similarity between Origen’s response to Celsus’ True Logos and the criticisms against Longinus’ interpretation of the early pages of Plato’s Timaeus made in Proclus’ Commentary by a certain Origenes, usually held to be a pagan though without compelling evidence. Origen begins by assuming that ‘Celsus’ was an Epicurean of that name, even though it has long been obvious that ‘Celsus’ has adopted a Platonist point of view and that Origen’s answers often rely on Plato’s authority; in Proclus, Origenes regularly regards Longinus’ explanations as turning Plato into a hedonist by having him aim at the reader’s pleasure, and at one point Longinus even made reference to Epicurus. The paper uses recent work on the presence in Porphyry and Lucian of alternative names, whether inside philosophic schools or as a nom de plume, to argue that Origen could not be sure of his opponent’s identity, but that as he wrote he came to suspect that ‘Celsus’ was in fact his younger contemporary Longinus, the initial teacher of Porphyry himself. Hence the allusions to his ‘philological’ tendencies. If this is correct, then there is additional reason to identify Origen with Origenes.
Electromagnetic Short-Term to Imminent Forecast Indices for M ≥ 5.5 Earthquakes in the Gansu–Qinghai–Sichuan Region of China
Authors: Li Xia , Zhu Ye , Feng Lili , Ji Yingfeng , Zhu Weiling
Published: June 2024

Electromagnetic indices play a potential role in the forecast of short-term to imminent M ≥ 5.5 earthquakes and have good application prospects. However, despite possible progress in earthquake forecasting, concerns remain because it is difficult to obtain accurate epicenter forecasts based on different forecast indices, and the forecast time span is as large as months in areas with multiple earthquakes. In this study, based on the actual demand for short-term earthquake forecasts in the Gansu–Qinghai–Sichuan region of western China, we refined the construction of earthquake forecast indicators in view of the abundant electromagnetic anomalies before moderate and strong earthquakes. We revealed the advantageous forecast indicators of each method for the three primary earthquake elements (time, epicenter, magnitude) and the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the anomalies. The correlations between the magnitude, time, intensity, and electromagnetic anomalies of different M ≥ 5.5 earthquakes indicate that the combination of short-term electromagnetic indices is pivotal in earthquake forecasting.
Internal and External Load Profile during Beach Invasion Sports Match-Play by Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vaccaro-Benet Pau , Gómez-Carmona Carlos D. , Marzano-Felisatti Joaquín Martín , Pino-Ortega José
Published: June 2024

Beach variants of popular sports like soccer and handball have grown in participation over the last decade. However, the characterization of the workload demands in beach sports remains limited compared to their indoor equivalents. This systematic review aimed to: (1) characterize internal and external loads during beach invasion sports match-play; (2) identify technologies and metrics used for monitoring; (3) compare the demands of indoor sports; and (4) explore differences by competition level, age, sex, and beach sport. Fifteen studies ultimately met the inclusion criteria. The locomotive volumes averaged 929 ± 269 m (average) and 16.5 ± 3.3 km/h (peak) alongside 368 ± 103 accelerations and 8 ± 4 jumps per session. The impacts approached 700 per session. The heart rates reached 166–192 beats per minute (maximal) eliciting 60–95% intensity. The player load was 12.5 ± 2.9 to 125 ± 30 units. Males showed 10–15% higher external but equivalent internal loads versus females. Earlier studies relied solely on a time–motion analysis, while recent works integrate electronic performance and tracking systems, enabling a more holistic quantification. However, substantial metric intensity zone variability persists. Beach sports entail intermittent high-intensity activity with a lower-intensity recovery. Unstable surface likely explains the heightened internal strain despite moderately lower running volumes than indoor sports. The continued integration of technology together with the standardization of workload intensity zones is needed to inform a beach-specific training prescription.
Identification of Respiratory Pauses during Swallowing by Unconstrained Measuring Using Millimeter Wave Radar
Authors: Kadono Toma , Noguchi Hiroshi
Published: June 2024

Breathing temporarily pauses during swallowing, and the occurrence of inspiration before and after these pauses may increase the likelihood of aspiration, a serious health problem in older adults. Therefore, the automatic detection of these pauses without constraints is important. We propose methods for measuring respiratory movements during swallowing using millimeter wave radar to detect these pauses. The experiment involved 20 healthy adult participants. The results showed a correlation of 0.71 with the measurement data obtained from a band-type sensor used as a reference, demonstrating the potential to measure chest movements associated with respiration using a non-contact method. Additionally, temporary respiratory pauses caused by swallowing were confirmed by the measured data. Furthermore, using machine learning, the presence of respiring alone was detected with an accuracy of 88.5%, which is higher than that reported in previous studies. Respiring and temporary respiratory pauses caused by swallowing were also detected, with a macro-averaged F1 score of 66.4%. Although there is room for improvement in temporary pause detection, this study demonstrates the potential for measuring respiratory movements during swallowing using millimeter wave radar and a machine learning method.
ESC-NAS: Environment Sound Classification Using Hardware-Aware Neural Architecture Search for the Edge
Authors: Ranmal Dakshina , Ranasinghe Piumini , Paranayapa Thivindu , Meedeniya Dulani , Perera Charith
Published: June 2024

The combination of deep-learning and IoT plays a significant role in modern smart solutions, providing the capability of handling task-specific real-time offline operations with improved accuracy and minimised resource consumption. This study provides a novel hardware-aware neural architecture search approach called ESC-NAS, to design and develop deep convolutional neural network architectures specifically tailored for handling raw audio inputs in environmental sound classification applications under limited computational resources. The ESC-NAS process consists of a novel cell-based neural architecture search space built with 2D convolution, batch normalization, and max pooling layers, and capable of extracting features from raw audio. A black-box Bayesian optimization search strategy explores the search space and the resulting model architectures are evaluated through hardware simulation. The models obtained from the ESC-NAS process achieved the optimal trade-off between model performance and resource consumption compared to the existing literature. The ESC-NAS models achieved accuracies of 85.78%, 81.25%, 96.25%, and 81.0% for the FSC22, UrbanSound8K, ESC-10, and ESC-50 datasets, respectively, with optimal model sizes and parameter counts for edge deployment.
3D Camera and Single-Point Laser Sensor Integration for Apple Localization in Spindle-Type Orchard Systems
Authors: Abeyrathna R. M. Rasika D. , Nakaguchi Victor Massaki , Liu Zifu , Sampurno Rizky Mulya , Ahamed Tofael
Published: June 2024

Accurate localization of apples is the key factor that determines a successful harvesting cycle in the automation of apple harvesting for unmanned operations. In this regard, accurate depth sensing or positional information of apples is required for harvesting apples based on robotic systems, which is challenging in outdoor environments because of uneven light variations when using 3D cameras for the localization of apples. Therefore, this research attempted to overcome the effect of light variations for the 3D cameras during outdoor apple harvesting operations. Thus, integrated single-point laser sensors for the localization of apples using a state-of-the-art model, the EfficientDet object detection algorithm with an mAP@0.5 of 0.775 were used in this study. In the experiments, a RealSense D455f RGB-D camera was integrated with a single-point laser ranging sensor utilized to obtain precise apple localization coordinates for implementation in a harvesting robot. The single-point laser range sensor was attached to two servo motors capable of moving the center position of the detected apples based on the detection ID generated by the DeepSORT (online real-time tracking) algorithm. The experiments were conducted under indoor and outdoor conditions in a spindle-type apple orchard artificial architecture by mounting the combined sensor system behind a four-wheel tractor. The localization coordinates were compared between the RGB-D camera depth values and the combined sensor system under different light conditions. The results show that the root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of the RGB-D camera depth and integrated sensor mechanism varied from 3.91 to 8.36 cm and from 1.62 to 2.13 cm under 476~600 lx to 1023~1100 × 100 lx light conditions, respectively. The integrated sensor system can be used for an apple harvesting robotic manipulator with a positional accuracy of ±2 cm, except for some apples that were occluded due to leaves and branches. Further research will be carried out using changes in the position of the integrated system for recognition of the affected apples for harvesting operations.
The Improved Biometric Identification of Keystroke Dynamics Based on Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Wyciślik Łukasz , Wylężek Przemysław , Momot Alina
Published: June 2024

In an era marked by escalating concerns about digital security, biometric identification methods have gained paramount importance. Despite the increasing adoption of biometric techniques, keystroke dynamics analysis remains a less explored yet promising avenue. This study highlights the untapped potential of keystroke dynamics, emphasizing its non-intrusive nature and distinctiveness. While keystroke dynamics analysis has not achieved widespread usage, ongoing research indicates its viability as a reliable biometric identifier. This research builds upon the existing foundation by proposing an innovative deep-learning methodology for keystroke dynamics-based identification. Leveraging open research datasets, our approach surpasses previously reported results, showcasing the effectiveness of deep learning in extracting intricate patterns from typing behaviors. This article contributes to the advancement of biometric identification, shedding light on the untapped potential of keystroke dynamics and demonstrating the efficacy of deep learning in enhancing the precision and reliability of identification systems.
Utilizing COVID-19 as a Model for Diagnostics Using an Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Gevaerd Ava , Carneiro Emmanuelle A. , Gogola Jeferson L. , Nicollete Diego R. P. , Santiago Erika B. , Riedi Halanna P. , Timm Adriano , Predebon João V. , Hartmann Luis F. , Ribeiro Victor H. A. , Rochitti Carlos , Marques Gustavo L. , Loesch Maira M. O. N. , Almeida Bernardo M. M. de , Rogal-Junior Sérgio , Figueredo Marcus V. M.
Published: June 2024

This paper reports a rapid and sensitive sensor for the detection and quantification of the COVID-19 N-protein (N-PROT) via an electrochemical mechanism. Single-frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as a transduction method for real-time measurement of the N-PROT in an immunosensor system based on gold-conjugate-modified carbon screen-printed electrodes (Cov-Ag-SPE). The system presents high selectivity attained through an optimal stimulation signal composed of a 0.0 V DC potential and 10 mV RMS−1 AC signal at 100 Hz over 300 s. The Cov-Ag-SPE showed a log response toward N-PROT detection at concentrations from 1.0 ng mL−1 to 10.0 μg mL−1, with a 0.977 correlation coefficient for the phase (θ) variation. An ML-based approach could be created using some aspects observed from the positive and negative samples; hence, it was possible to classify 252 samples, reaching 83.0, 96.2 and 91.3% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, with confidence intervals (CI) ranging from 73.0 to 100.0%. Because impedance spectroscopy measurements can be performed with low-cost portable instruments, the immunosensor proposed here can be applied in point-of-care diagnostics for mass testing, even in places with limited resources, as an alternative to the common diagnostics methods.
A Competitive Newsvendor Problem with Product Substitution under the Carbon Cap-and-Trade System
Authors: Ren Yuheng , Bian Wenliang , Li Haicheng , Ju Yingjie
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the competitive issues of the newsvendor problem with product substitution under the carbon cap-and-trade system. Building on existing research, this paper introduces the carbon cap-and-trade system under uncertain market demand and considers that the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) can choose to procure raw materials from the contract manufacturer (CM), with both final products being substitutable. Furthermore, we explore the different substitution relationships between OEM and CM products under both pure competitive and co-opetitive modes. For this problem, decision models are developed for various scenarios, and optimal solutions satisfying given conditions are provided. We find that in one-way substitution, under pure competition, an increase in the OEM’s (or CM’s) green investment and substitution rate only leads to an increase in OEM’s (or CM’s) yields, while an increase in the OEM’s (or CM’s) green investment does not necessarily reduce CM’s (or OEM’s) yields. In the co-opetitive mode, an increase in the substitution rate and green investments of both manufacturers may lead to an increase in the yields of both manufacturers. Furthermore, an increase in carbon trading prices does not necessarily inhibit the manufacturer’s yields. Moreover, we find that under the same competition mode, under certain conditions, two-way substitution between OEM and CM can bring better profits to both manufacturers and the entire supply chain. When the two modes are in the same substitution scenario, and the CM cannot substitute for the OEM, the optimal decisions and total supply chain profits of the two modes are equal. Finally, through numerical analysis, we find that neither mode is necessarily optimal when CM can substitute for OEM. Additionally, it is observed that when the same mode is in different substitution scenarios, total supply chain profits may be enhanced in the presence of product substitution.
Adicción a las redes sociales y salud mental en estudiantes de medicina en Perú
Authors: Vera Muñoz Axel Oved , Vigo Terán Dayanna Mariafé , Pajares Huaripata Edwin , Bazualdo Fiorini Enzo Renatto , Urquiaga Melquiades Tito
Published: June 2024

Las redes sociales, al influir en las interacciones diarias y en la gestión de la información, emergen como un factor determinante en la estabilidad psíquica y afectiva de los individuos. Objetivo: Determinar la relación de la adicción a las redes sociales en la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina humana en una universidad peruana. Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, transversal y analítico en el que colaboraron 172 educandos, 82 féminas y 90 varones. Se aplicó el cuestionario Adición a las Redes Sociales diseñado por Escurra y Salas el cual constó de 24 preguntas evaluadas mediante escala de Likert, el mismo fue validado con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.94. Además, se utilizó el Cuestionario DASS-21 el cual consta de 21 ítems, subdividido en 3 subescalas: depresión, ansiedad y estrés y ha sido validado con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.96. Resultados: 46.3% de los educandos presentó adicción en nivel medio y alto a las redes sociales. Se halló una correlación significativa entre la ansiedad, el estrés y la adicción a las redes sociales, aunque no se encontró una conexión relevante entre esta última y la depresión. Conclusión: La adicción a las redes sociales impacta negativamente en la salud mental de los educandos, generando niveles elevados de ansiedad y estrés.
Les ruptures de médicaments vétérinaires
Authors: Orand Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2024

Veterinary drugs shortages can have serious consequences and increase veterinary drug availability problems. These shortages affect all categories of drugs and in all species, even if sterile products (and in particular vaccines) remain the most affected pharmaceutical form. Arround 80 notifications of rupture are made per year and about fifteen are deemed critical, i.e. likely to have an impact on animal health. The main origins of these shortages are problem of production, raw material supply or quality problems… These problems are difficult to predict and eli-minate completely. In order to better manage the consequences of shortages, the ANMV (the french national competent authority) and professionals have put in place a best practice guide for the management of shortages based on a good circulation of information with the aim of anticipation. The ANMV can thus study alternative solutions and implement them when they exist. The development at European level of a group dedicated to this problem facilitates the search for solutions and a harmonized European approach.
Les vétérinaires investissent le champ de l’économie rurale sous le Directoire (1795-1799) - Les expériences de François-Hilaire Gilbert à Sceaux
Authors: Rosolen Serge Georges , Rosolen Agnès
Published: June 2024

Avant 1826 l’enseignement des savoirs agronomiques et vétérinaires était regroupé au sein des Écoles vétérinaires. A la fin de la Terreur le gouvernement du Directoire souhaite consolider la République dans une société plus apaisée. L’agriculture constitue un fondement de la prospérité nationale. L’élevage des animaux domestiques est un enjeu économique majeur. L’un des plus grands savants de son temps, notre confère François-Hilaire Gilbert imagine avec d’autres un modèle d’économie rurale, symbole d’un pouvoir républicain. Il pose les fondements d’une véritable science de l’animal domestique. Le gouvernement du Directoire (1795-1799) lui propose de mettre ses idées en pratique dans l’Établissement rural de Sceaux. Cette expérience ambitieuse qui durera trois ans entre en résonnance avec la pensée écologique contemporaine d’un Seul Monde (One Planet).
Le microbiote intestinal, facteur de vulnérabilité aux troubles anxieux et de l’humeur
Authors: Rabot Sylvie
Published: June 2024

De nombreuses études sur modèles animaux montrent que le microbiote intestinal affecte les réponses émotionnelles au stress. Dans ce contexte, nous avons étudié les effets d’un métabolite produit par le microbiote intestinal à partir du tryptophane, l’indole. Chez des modèles animaux dont nous avons manipulé le microbiote pour qu’il produise ou non de l’indole, nous avons montré que cette molécule intensifie les comportements de type anxieux et dépressif. Son action s’exercerait par une activation du nerf vague et l’imprégnation du cerveau par des dérivés secondaires de l’indole, produits par le foie. Dans une cohorte humaine destinée à étudier les relations nutrition-santé, nous avons montré une association positive entre symptômes dépressifs et production d’indole par le microbiote. Ces travaux illustrent l’importance de prendre en compte les activités métaboliques du microbiote intestinal dans la physiopathologie des troubles anxieux et de l’humeur.
Surveillance de l’utilisation des antibiotiques en médecine vétérinaire en France et en Europe
Authors: Urban Delphine , Chevance Anne , Bouchard Damien , Foures Franck
Published: June 2024

Réduire l’utilisation des antibiotiques chez l’animal comme chez l’Homme est une priorité afin de limiter l’an-tibiorésistance. Depuis la mise en place du plan d’action Écoantibio en 2011, différents objectifs nationaux de ré-duction de l’exposition des animaux aux antibiotiques ont été atteints. La France fait partie des pays européens qui ont le plus diminué ces dernières années l’usage des céphalosporines de 3 ème et 4 ème générations et des fluo-roquinolones. Depuis 2022, la nouvelle règlementation européenne renforce l’encadrement des usages des anti-microbiens (dont les antibiotiques) et leur surveillance. Ainsi, la France met en place en 2023 un système de collecte de données qui permettra d’évaluer de manière plus fine les utilisations des antimicrobiens par espèce et catégo-ries d’animaux. Mieux suivre les usages est une étape importante car elle contribue à favoriser une utilisation prudente des antimicrobiens et à évaluer l’efficacité des actions menées à cet égard.
One Health (une seule santé) : concept nouveau en maturation ou vieille histoire?
Authors: Giraudoux Patrick
Published: June 2024

The One Health conceptual framework has received renewed interest since the COVID-19 pandemic. It has been endorsed by a quadripartite alliance consisting of the World Health Organisation (WHO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, ex OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) and the United Nations Envi-ronment Programme (UNEP), and is being applied in a number of ways in national policies, such as in Frances re-gional “Health and Environment Plans” (PRSE4) and the Comité de veille et d’anticipation des risques sanitaires (CoVARS) set up in August 2022. This integrative concept aims to balance and sustainably optimise the health of people, animals, and ecosystems. While the health of humans and animals is generally well understood in the medical and veterinary world, the cross-disciplinary link with the health of ecosystems and biodiversity is more difficult to grasp in the world of healthcare. Ecology as a science is not part of the general training curriculum for healthcare professionals. The aim of this article is to take stock of the ecological and environmental issues that justify the concept of One Health, and the paradigm shifts needed to think about the shared destiny of all living things in a world accepted as finite.
Séquençage de novo de la région variable (Fv) des anticorps circulants : objectif d’un logiciel de réassemblage
Authors: Saunier Bertrand , Maillet Nicolas
Published: June 2024

Humoral immunity is key for the adaptive response to infections and their prevention by vaccination. Although antibodies are at the core of the humoral response, their diversity has been much less studied than that of anti-body-producing B cells. But a discrepancy has recently been reported between the repertoire of antigen receptors carried by circulating B cells and that of serum antibodies these cells produce. By enabling the de novo sequencing of antibodies, bottom-up proteomics has many assets to fill this gap. The protein cleavages that define this method markedly increase sequencing coverage. However, this requires reconstructing a posteriori the sequences of the heavy and light chains of the immunoglobulins and re-matching them. The complexity of this procedure increases considerably when analyzing complex antibody mixtures, such as those contained in serum. Therefore, we are developing software to assess the maximum antibody sequencing rate achievable with the bottom-up approach.
Prix de thèse d’université de l’AVF 2022 : une approche translationnelle de la recherche sur la physiopathologie de la schizophrénie et les interactions gènes environnement
Authors: Demars Fanny , Chaumette Boris , Jay Thérèse , Pompili Marco , Krebs Marie-Odile
Published: June 2024

Cet article présente mon travail de thèse («Variabilité interindividuelle des réponses comportementales face aux interactions entre gènes et environnement ») qui a été dirigé par le Pr Krebs et récompensé par le prix de thèse d’université de l’Académie Vétérinaire de France 2022. La schizophrénie est une maladie fréquente qui résulte de facteurs environnementaux et génétiques. Identifier des biomarqueurs associés à la physiopathologie de l’apparition de la maladie est nécessaire pour développer des stratégies thérapeutiques précoces et personnalisées pouvant prévenir ou limiter la progression des symptômes. Pour cela, nous avons développé une approche translationnelle en travaillant chez l’être humain et sur des modèles animaux. Cette thèse a permis d’étudier les mécanismes sous-jacents au développement de la schizophrénie parmi des personnes à risque et de proposer des pistes d’amélioration des modèles animaux utilisés dans la recherche sur les maladies psychiatriques à travers l’exemple des modèles d’extinction d’une peur conditionnée.
Acceptabilité sociétale de la vaccination des animaux domestiques
Authors: Dufour Barbara
Published: June 2024

In this article, the societal acceptability of animal vaccination is discussed which first presents the objectives of the different categories of stakeholders in this vaccination : pet owners whose approach is individual and almost affective and those of production animals whose equally individual objectives are more of an epidemiological and economic order, consumers having no particular objectives for the animals’ vaccination, and finally of the State, which has collective objectives either to economic order or health order (public health for zoonoses). The determinants of the acceptability of vaccination by these different actors are then analyzed in the light of these objectives.
Le problème des bonshommes devant l'animal piégé dans le rituel cathare occitan
Authors: Harris Marvyn Roy
Published: June 2024

The problem in the occitan catharist ritual of good men who find an ensnared animal.

Immediately following the section describing the conferral of the Lord's Prayer in the Occitan Catharist Ritual (Lyon, Bibli, municip., MS. PA 36) there is a brief treatment of rules governing the use of that prayer. One reads there : E si trobavan bestia o auzel presa o pres, no s’en metan en als. Léon Clédat's mistaken translation Et s’ils trouvent une bête ou un oiseau prise ou pris, qu’ils ne s’en inquiètent pas (i. e., And if they find an animal or bird ensnared, let them not be troubled by it.) has misled subsequent translators. If the ms. reading is trustworthy, one should understand And if they find an animal or bird ensnared, let them not interfere in anything else. That meaning would imply some type of meddling the exact nature of which is spelled out in two versions of a Catharist exemplum found in Jacques Fournier's inquisitorial register. In those stories, the Good Men set free the captured animal which as a result of metempsychosis could embody a human soul, but they leave coins in the snare as payment for the hunter. Doubtless, the Good Men of the Ritual were supposed to do likewise, but other rules found there prescribe required conduct in precise detail rather than by implication. That fact, coupled with a certain awkwardness in the syntax, makes it preferable to see here a defective transmission of the text. Such a view rests on solid paleographical evidence since the overwriting of an original n, the first letter on the verso of folio 240, permits us to postulate the loss of text by a distracted copyist going from recto to verso. The supposition of a leap from the negative particle no, last word of the recto, to another no in the model allows the reconstruction of a primitive reading having the approximate meaning And if they find an animal or a bird ensnared, let them not [touch it if they cannot leave payment for the hunter. And let them not] interfere with anything else in that situation.

The proposed emendation demonstrates the need for the new critical edition and translation of the Occitan Catharist Ritual now being prepared by the author.
Les Bogomiles : ontologie du Mal et orthodoxie orientale
Authors: Denkova Lydia
Published: June 2024

Au plan philosophique, le problème du Mal résume toute la doctrine du monisme chrétien, relatif au dogme de la création : un principe unique créateur ou bien deux principes opposés, chacun d’eux doué d’une force créative différente comme «causa efficiens» dont les manifestations, graduées selon la participation de l’Etre-Bien suprême, forment le système des oppositions fondamentales du christianisme. Au point de vue de la subordination des deux principes relatifs, le Bogomilisme représente une «modification» de ce monisme, même si l’on considère le problème divergent du Mal ; l’inculpation de «dualisme absolu» chez les critiques orthodoxes bulgares comme Jean l’Exarque, Cosmas le Prêtre, patr. Euthymius, etc. est une technique adoptée de leurs maîtres byzantins dans la polémique contre les manichéens, les monophysites, les adeptes d’ Arius. Or, la critique la plus acharnée touche «les points de contact» entre l’hérésie et l’orthodoxie (d’après D. Obolenski).

L’attention sera portée ici sur deux questions concrètes :

1. — Résolution analogue du libre arbitre (d’après les textes bogomiles, cathares et orthodoxes).

2. — Sources de la théorie du Mal : Dénys l’Aréopagite par l’intermédiaire de Damascène dans le chapitre IV de l’Hexaemeron de Jean l’Exarque. Le problème de l’influence aréopagitienne comme source théorique de la critique orthodoxe est considéré pour la première fois.
Les Vaudois du Haut-Dauphiné de la Croisade de 1488 à la Réforme
Authors: Paravy Pierrette
Published: June 2024

The Waldenses of Upper Dauphiné from the 1488 Crusade to the Reformation,

This study concerns four communities (Vallouise, L’Argentière, Freissinières, le Valcluson) pertaining to different dioceses (Embrun, Turin), united within a single political group, and therefore sharing the same destiny when repression was organized within the compass of the Dauphiné principality. Documents, abundant because of the crisis it provoked, and the actions at law it gave rise to, authorise a query not only about Waldensian practices, but also about the ultimate, internal structures of the dissidence. They are characterised by the equal importance given to two fundamental pillars : the Barbas, and the Community which is not only an assembly of the Faithful, but which is fully responsable and active, conditions that are necessary for the very existence and survival of the movement.

After a confrontation of all the contemporary data available, the inquiry thus opens out to a question of greater span concerning the final features of mediaeval Walden-sianism : what it contained that was a blossoming of the mediaeval exigency bearing on penitential interiority ; its “nicodemism”, quite other than one of simple prudence, and linked to the very conception of a life of Faith that advantaged an awakening to Salvation ; and lastly, upon the sketch it proffers relative to the disciplinary structures of the Reformation world.
Magiciennes et sorcières : la mutation du concept de magie à la fin du Moyen-Âge
Authors: Harmening Dieter
Published: June 2024

L’ancienne critique voyait communément dans la magie et les différentes formes de superstition des restes des pratiques cultuelles païennes, des traces de l’homme ancien, d’avant le christianisme. Le reproche d’hérésie formulé dans ce contexte se référait au culte idolâtre, c’est-à-dire au polythéisme. Le Bas Moyen Age a développé une interprétation particulière de la notion : par le mot «magie », il put désigner les gestes et signes sacralisés mais déviants par rapport à la pratique liturgique ecclésiastique, et qui, à la suite de la progression de la liturgie sacramentelle de l’Église en dehors de son propre domaine cultuel, touchaient à la magie, selon l’estimation orthodoxe du moins.

Les critiques des mouvements hérétiques, des Vaudois par exemple, à propos des conceptions sacramentelles de l’Église, rejoignaient la critique de catéchèse de l’Église elle-même à propos des formes magiques qu’elle décrivait comme des extensions indues des pratiques de liturgie et d’exorcisme, confinant à l’hérésie.

La distinction entre pratiques admises et non admises des gestes sacrés supposait une connaissance approfondie de la foi chrétienne qui était justement l’ambition des efforts de catéchèse du temps.

Dans la tension entre pratiques magiques sacramentelles et critiques des sacrements de la part des hérétiques, les efforts de catéchèse purent engendrer un sentiment de solidarité chrétiens-Église, qui posait les bases sociales larges d’une distinction entre hérétiques théologiens et hérétiques magiciens.

La neuve conception paraliturgique et sacramentelle de la magie apparaît ainsi en référence au processus d’intégration dans la société chrétienne du Bas Moyen Age dont elle est fonction. Elle ne signifie pas «restes de paganisme», non plus que «paganisme germanique», mais approfondissement et consolidation du christianisme de l’Église.
El crimen de lesa majestad divina : brujería y superstición vasco-navarra (s. XIII - c. 1530)
Authors: Bazán Díaz Iñaki
Published: June 2024

On se propose de donner dans cet article une vision globale, tant dans l'exposition des faits que dans leur interprétation, du monde de la sorcellerie — dans ses pratiques collectives ou individuelles de magie et divination — et de la superstition — exorcisme, exhortation, bénédictions — , ainsi que des pratiques des guérisseurs basco-navarrais pendant le Moyen Âge et le premier Âge Moderne.
Montségur (Ariège), compte rendu des activités de repérages et de relevés engagées sur les structures du castrum de 1993 à 1997
Authors: Czeski André , Sabatier Michel
Published: June 2024

Entre 1993 et 1997, de nouveaux repérages et de nouveaux relevés ont été engagés sur le site de Montségur. Les résultats de ces recherches effectuées pour l’essentiel sur le versant oriental de la montagne ont permis de mieux préciser les limites et la physionomie du village fortifié qui abrita pendant près de quarante ans (1204-1244) une population qui défia l’Église et le roi de France. Ils éclairent également d’un jour nouveau la connaissance des aménagements au sol de ce type de castrum de montagne.
Les représentations du catharisme dans la bande dessinée francophone (1978-2001)
Authors: Lafon Jean-Marc
Published: June 2024

Catharism images shown on French speaking strip cartoons (1978-2001).

Starting from a panel of twenty-seven French-speaking albums showing Catharism and the Albigensian crusade (1978-2001). This study has three objects : to show how a special style, based on «word images», has been able to adapt to the subject, while enriching it : which implies that one should see it as an historical cartoon, and not as an illustrated historical relation of events. The expressionist and dynamic vision of «Cathar castles» and the heresy action language are looked at in this proper perspective. To examine the images proposed in this corpus in a critical way and point the evolutions. To present the problem of the ideological content of strip cartoons, which, by the way, seems not so important, because of the connection of various opposite factors.
Crispation mémorielle et catharisme. À propos de l’ouvrage Mémoire et identité de Joël Candau
Authors: Berlioz Jacques
Published: June 2024

Verzerrung der Erinnerung und Katharismus. Zu dem Werk Erinnerung und Identität von Joël Candau

In einer Zeit, in der die Beispiele für die Verzerrung der Erinnerung und der Identität überhandnehmen, ist Joël Candau der Frage nach der Konstruktion und den Variationen der Erinnerung und der Identität nachgegangen. Andere beschäftigen sich ebenfalls mit dieser Frage ; Candau tut dies freilich in zugespitzter Form. Der glänzende Soziologe (aus Nizza) vertritt die These, daß in einem Kontext der Erschöpfung der großen, den sozialen Zusammenhalt organisierenden Erinnerungen zugunsten von vielfältigen und opportunistischen Erinnerungen, der Rückgriff auf ganzheitliche Rhetoriken (kollektive Erinnerung, kollektive Identität usw.) immer weniger geeignet ist, die Bezüge zwischen Erinnerung und Identität im Rahmen von Gruppen zu beschreiben. Diese distanzierte theoretische Betrachtung ist unverzichtbar, um den Platz zu verstehen, den der Katharismus in der gegenwärtigen Geschichtsschreibung innehat.
Réflexions sur «l’hérésie» dans le Midi de la France au Moyen Âge
Authors: Biget Jean-Louis
Published: June 2024

L’hérésie «albigeoise» est une hérésie du XIIe siècle, enracinée dans son temps. On ne saurait la réduire à une province du bogomilisme et la situer dans une chaîne de dissidences se répétant toujours pareilles. Il s’agit au surplus d’une religion chrétienne ; c’est un évangélisme fondamentaliste, né en opposition à l’institution ecclésiastique et dont l’image a été façonnée très largement par l’Église. Il convient donc d’aller chercher la réalité au-delà du miroir. La dissidence méridionale traduit un malaise spirituel et social ayant cours dans une partie des élites. Elle puise les éléments de sa théologie à la fois dans la tradition patristique, dans le christianisme «roman» et la réforme grégorienne ou dans le mouvement pré-scolastique, qu’elle réinterprète à sa manière, au cours de ses luttes avec les clercs.