bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An unusual case of respiratory failure in a patient with Randu–Osler–Weber disease. Case report
Authors: Podzolkov Valery I. , Pokrovskaya Anna E. , Ivanova Victoria S. , Krylova Kseniya E. , Luchkina Polina V. , Murzakhanova Fatima E. , Gerasimova Darya D. , Medvedev Ivan D.
Published: January 2025

Clinical observation is of interest due to the shift in the vector of the main complaints of the classic manifestation of Randu–Osler–Weber disease in the form of epistaxis and anemia syndrome towards the syndrome of severe respiratory failure, the cause of which is the presence of arteriovenous malformations in the lungs. The importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with Randu–Osler–Weber disease is discussed.
Tariffs and Goods-Market Search Frictions
Authors: Krolikowski Pawel M. , McCallum Andrew H.
Published: January 2025

We study uniform tariffs in a general equilibrium dynamic model with search frictions between heterogeneous exporting producers and importing retailers. We analytically characterize unilateral import tariffs that maximize domestic welfare. Search frictions lower these tariffs because of market thickness effects, which reinforce aggregate production nonconvexities. A calibration using 2016 U.S. and Chinese data suggests that optimal U.S. unilateral and Nash equilibrium tariffs with baseline search frictions are 10 ppt. below those in a model with reduced search frictions. Changes in welfare in response to changes in tariffs are smaller in the model with baseline search frictions than in the model with reduced frictions. In the Nash equilibrium with baseline search frictions, U.S. (Chinese) tariffs are 17 (8) ppt. higher and welfare is 0.1 (0.9) percent lower relative to 2016 tariff levels.
Pb-isotope Systematics of Bitumens, Kerogens, and Oils: from Isochronous and Discrete Sources to Extended Trends of Global Components
Authors:   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Rasskazov S.V. ,   Irkutsk State University, Yasnygina T.A. ,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Chuvashova I.S. ,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Kolotilina K.V. ,   Irkutsk State University, Kurolenko A.A. ,   Irkutsk State University, Noskova T.V. ,   Irkutsk State University, Tukalova V.O. ,   Irkutsk State University, Openyshev A.P. ,   Irkutsk State University, Khromova S.M. ,   Irkutsk State University, Parfenov D.I. ,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS
Published: January 2025

The paper presents a review of Pb isotope data on bitumens, kerogens, and oils. The diagrams of Pb isotopes distinguish isochron families, discrete clusters, and continuous extended trends of data points. Arguments are given in favor of Pb isotopic homogenization with the output of isochron Pb–Pb dating under hydrothermal conditions during lead separation from uranium into ore minerals simultaneously with the enrichment of bitumen with uranium. From families of data points of oils and kerogen, the Pb isotope diagrams reveal discreteness of source components that have not undergone general Pb isotopic homogenization under catagenesis conditions. Continuous, extended trends in Pb isotopes are identified and interpreted in terms of the global evolution of the Earth's mantle and crust. For oils from Europe and adjacent marine areas, Pb-isotope mixture of components is determined. In North Sea, mixing between Precambrian basement rocks and Jurassic black shales is traced that demonstrates a common European oil component (CEOC) that has a high μ (238U/204Pb) – HIMU and significantly different from the common mantle reservoir (CMR) of intraplate volcanic rocks from Europe with adjacent Africa and Arabia. In contrast to this relationship between components, extended trends of oils from the Liaohe field of Northeast China are similar to those of the ELMU and LOMU mantle components of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Asia. It is suggested that bitumen, kerogens, and oils of this field are generated by deep mantle fluid flows. The review was done in frame of the interactive preparation of a paper with master's students of the Geological Faculty of Irkutsk State University.
Taking the Null-Hypersurface Limit in the Parikh-Wilczek Membrane Approach
Authors: Arslanaliev A.M. , Nurmagambetov A.J.
Published: January 2025

We consider subtleties of the horizon (null-hypersurface) limit in the Parikh-Wilczek Membrane Approach to Black Holes. Specifically, we refine the correspondence between the projected Einstein equations of gravity with matter and the Raychaudhuri-Damour-Navier-Stokes (RDNS) equations of relativistic hydrodynamics. For a general configuration of gravity with matter we obtain additional terms in the hydrodynamic equations, which include very specific combinations of the contracted logarithmic derivatives of a parameter (the regularization function) determining the proximity of a stretched membrane to the black hole horizon. Nevertheless, direct computations of the new terms for exact (Schwarzschild and Kerr) black hole solutions prompt the standard form of the RDNS equations, due to the non-expanding horizon property of these solutions. Therefore, the reduction of the extended RDNS equations to their classical form may be viewed as an additional consistency condition in the exact black hole solutions hydrodynamics, and may serve as a non-trivial test for various viable approximations of spacetime metrics. We compare in detail the Parikh-Wilczek Membrane Approach with the Gourgoulhon-Jaramillo method of a null-hypersurface description, as well as give the link of the obtained results to our previous work on the Kerr black holes.
Changes in the Structure and Properties of Silicon During Ytterbium Doping: The Results of o Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Daliev Khodjakbar S. , Utamuradova Sharifa B. , Khamdamov Jonibek J. , Bekmuratov Mansur B. , Norkulov Shahriyor B. , Yuldoshev Ulugbek M.
Published: January 2025

In this work, a comprehensive study of the structural, chemical and electrophysical properties of monocrystalline silicon (Si) doped with ytterbium (Yb) has been carried out. The alloying was carried out by thermal diffusion at a temperature of 1473 K in high vacuum conditions followed by rapid cooling. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), infrared Fourier spectroscopy (FTIR), deep level spectroscopy (DLTS) and Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN) were used to analyze the samples obtained. AFM images of the surface of the doped samples demonstrated significant changes in topography. The RMS surface roughness increased from less than 10 nm to 60-80 nm, and the maximum height of the irregularities reached 325 nm. These changes are explained by the formation of nanostructures caused by the uneven distribution of ytterbium atoms in the silicon crystal lattice, as well as the occurrence of internal stresses. "IR-Fourier spectroscopy showed a significant decrease in the concentration of optically active oxygen (NOopt ) by 30-40% after doping. This effect is associated with the interaction of ytterbium atoms with silicon and a change in the chemical composition of the material. The RAMAN spectra revealed the formation of new phases and nanocrystallites in the doped samples. Peak shifts and changes in their intensity were detected, indicating a rearrangement of the crystal lattice caused by the introduction of ytterbium. It was calculated that the diffusion coefficient of ytterbium in silicon is 1.9×10-15 cm2/s, which indicates a slow diffusion process characteristic of rare earth metals. Electrical measurements carried out on the MDS-structures showed a shift in the volt-farad characteristics towards positive bias voltages, which is associated with a decrease in the density of surface states at the Si-SiO₂ interface and the appearance of deep levels with an ionization energy of Ec-0.32 eV.
Influence of Boron Diffusion on Photovoltaic Parameters of n+-p-p+ Silicone Structures and Based Photodetectors
Authors: Kukurudziak Mykola S. , Maistruk Eduard V. , Koziarskyi Ivan P.
Published: January 2025

The paper investigates the photovoltaic properties of the silicon n+-p-p+-structures and photodiodes made on their basis. It was found that boron diffusion to the reverse side of the substrate, in addition to creating an ohmic contact, generates generation-recombination centers, which allows to reduce the dark current of photodiodes and increase their responsivity. It was also found that chemical dynamic polishing of the back side of the substrates before boron diffusion allows to eliminate a significant number of defects and improve the final parameters of the products. In samples without a p+-layer and samples not polished from the back side, a breakdown of the p-n junction is observed on the back side, which is caused by the expansion of the space charge region to the entire thickness of the substrate and the achievement of a defective back side of the crystal.
Defect Formation in MIS Structures Based on Silicon with an Impurity of Ytterbium
Authors: Daliev Khodjakbar S. , Utamuradova Sharifa B. , Khamdamov Jonibek J. , Bekmuratov Mansur , Yusupov Oralbay N. , Norkulov Shahriyor B. , Matchonov Khusniddin J.
Published: January 2025

The characteristics of silicon MIS structures with ytterbium impurity are studied using non-stationary capacitance spectroscopy of deep levels. It is established that the presence of ytterbium atoms in the bulk of the silicon substrate leads to a shift in the capacitance-voltage characteristics towards positive bias voltages and a decrease in the density Nss of the surface states of the MIS structures. It is shown that this effect depends on the concentration of ytterbium atoms in the silicon substrate of the studied structures. In MIS structures based on Si, one deep level with an ionization energy Ec-0.32 eV is detected.
Energy of Crystal Lattice Thermal Oscillations in TlGaS2 Semiconductor Compound
Authors: Guseinova Kamala М. , Mammadov Fuad A. , Hadiyeva Aynure A. , Eminova Vusala I. , Huseynov Cahangir I.
Published: January 2025

This article presents the results of a study of the temperature dependences of the coefficients of thermal expansion and isothermal compressibility of the ternary compound TlGaS2. In the studied temperature range (80-400 K), no anomalies were found in the temperature dependences of these properties. The thermal expansion coefficient of the TlGaS2 semiconductor compound is calculated based on empirical formulas including Debye temperature and Debye functions, and the average energy of the crystal lattice is calculated and its temperature dependence is tabulated. It was shown that the energy of the crystal lattice depends on the degree of anharmonicity of the oscillations.
Physical Mechanisms of Clear Air Turbulence
Authors: Lykhatskyi V.O. , Tkachenko V.I. , Bozbiei L.S.
Published: January 2025

Clear air turbulence (CAT) is a significant type of atmospheric turbulence that poses risks to aviation. Unlike other forms of turbulence, it occurs without substantial cloudiness, often under clear skies or with minimal cloud cover at the observation site. CAT can arise under various meteorological conditions, such as high atmospheric pressure, sunny weather, or in the presence of mountain ranges. Forecasting CAT is crucial for aviation safety, although its prediction is challenging due to its variability, sharp localization in the air flow, and variability in size and duration. Indirect signs can help predict CAT zones; however, direct observation is difficult, making it essential to develop forecasting methods and conduct research to ensure flight safety.
Interferometric Locating the Waist of a Laser Beam
Authors: Maslov Vyacheslav A. , Muntean Konstantin I.
Published: January 2025

An interferometric method for determining the location of a laser beam waist has been developed, which implements the dependence of the wavefront curvature on its distance to the waist. The initial laser beam, the waist location of which must be determined, is split by a shear interferometer into reference and information beams, which form a spatially non-localized interference field in reflected light. The period of the interference fringes observed in any cross-section of the interference field carries information about the location of the waist of the initial laser beam relative to this section. The distance from the waist to the plane of recording the period of the interference fringes is calculated using the formulas of Gaussian optics. The fundamental difference of this method from currently known ones allows for increasing the accuracy of the obtained result while simultaneously reducing the laboriousness of the measurement process.
Investigation of Volt-Ampere Characteristics of a Gas Sensitive Sensor Based on Tin Dioxide
Authors: Zainabidinov Sirajidin Z. , Boboev Akramjon Y. , Yunusaliyev Nuritdin Y. , Gulomov Bakhtiyor D. , Urinboyev Jakhongir A.
Published: January 2025

The volt-ampere characteristics of the sensitive elements of gas sensors are investigated and plotted in coordinates corresponding to various mechanisms of the transfer current. It has been established that the prevailing mechanism of current transfer in the section from 0 to 6 V is Om’s law, in the interval (3 - 6) V the Mott’s law is fulfilled, and at higher voltages deviations from these laws are observed. It is determined that the laws of Om and Mot confirm the mechanism of the flow of currents limited by the space charge.
Mass Transfer and MHD Free Convection Flow Across a Stretching Sheet with a Heat Source and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Mudoi Sunmoni , Roy Satyabhushan , Sarma Dipak , Sarma Ankur Kumar
Published: January 2025

This work examines mass transfer and MHD free convective flow across a stretching sheet in the presence of a heat source and a chemical reaction. The sheet's stretching action propels the flow, while a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the flow direction influences it. The effects of gradients in temperature and concentration on buoyant forces are also taken into account. The continuity, momentum, energy, and concentration equations are among the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations that regulate the system. Similarity transformations are used to convert these equations into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically solved using bvp4c techniques. In this investigation, magnetic, buoyancy, chemical reaction rate, and heat source factors are the main parameters of interest. The outcomes show the influence of these parameters on the boundary layer's temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles. To quantify the mass transfer rate, heat transfer rate, and shear stress at the sheet surface, the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are calculated. By manipulating the magnetic field, chemical reactions, and heat generation, the work offers important new insights into how to best utilise MHD flows in industrial processes, such as polymer manufacturing, chemical reactors, and cooling systems.
THE ROLE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN CROSS-COMMUNICATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS (BASED ON THE NOVEL “THE PATH OF ABAI” BY M. AUEZOV)
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Azimbayeva Indira , Zhaparova Assemzhan , Iskakova Gulnaz
Published: January 2025

Phraseological units have great meaningful power and potential of form. In this regard, the study of phraseological expressions as an original statement created based on ethnocultural heritage, national code, national cognition is of great importance. And the features and methods of analyzing the problem of translating the rich phraseological fund of the native language into another language are systematically comprehensively considered, and its nature has not yet been disclosed. Many studies and dictionaries concerning the translation of the Kazakh language into Russian and related Turkish languages, the ab-sence of systematically compiled phraseological dictionaries before this period, indicates the relevance of the research topic. Collecting, fully mastering and passing on to the next generation our vocabulary, which has survived to this day in the memory of such a people, is one of the main tasks that has devel-oped in any field of science today.The article contains a well-known concept called the “Sepir-Worf hypothesis”, the definition of which is given. There is also information about the origin of the term” intercultural communication”. Phraseological units clearly reflect the specifics of National thinking, mentality, attitude and worldview of representatives of the language. It is also important to translate them into another language. The article explains the meaning of phraseological units found in M. Auezov’s epic “The Path of Abai” and consid-ers the features of their translation into Russian, Turkish and Kyrgyz in the article with specific examples. The translation of M. Auezov’s epic “The Path of Abai” is completedby translators A. Nikolskaya, T. Nurtazin and L. Sobolev, A. Kim and others. The purpose of the article is determined by the relevance of the role and importance of translation in intercultural communication. As a result, the recommendations were given on the transmission of phraseological units of an ethnolinguistic nature.
ПРОТОТИПОВІ ІНТОНАЦІЙНІ МОДЕЛІ АНГЛОМОВНОГО ДИСКУРСУ: КОГНІТИВНИЙ ПІДХІД
Authors: Красовська І. В.
Published: January 2025

У статті розглядаються функції інтонації у дискурсі та систематизуються наукові підходи до розв’язання цього питання. Функціональний потенціал інтонаційних одиниць аналізується у площині структурного, функціонального, прагматичного та когнітивного підходів до вивчення інтонації та її ролі у спілкуванні. У статті описуються різні функціональні властивості інтонаційних одиниць крізь призму визначених наукових підходів. Зокрема, дається визначення таких функцій інтонації, як: структуруюча, розділова, сигнальна, стилістична та когнітивна. Основна увага зосереджена на тому, яку роль інтонаційні одиниці відіграють у когнітивних процесах, що забезпечують кодування та декодування лінгвістичної інформації у процесі комунікації. Інтонаційні одиниці визначаються як когнітивні ключі, що запускають процес аналізу акустичної інформації у свідомості мовця. При цьому когнітивна функція інтонації розглядається крізь призму прототипових інтонаційних моделей, які формують фундамент породження та сприйняття мовлення. У статті проаналізовано та систематизовано типологію та структуру мелодійних моделей, які визначаються як універсальні інтонаційні моделі, що складаються завдяки взаємодії базових інтонаційних параметрів. Поняття інтонаційної моделі розглядається під кутом зору когнітивного підходу до вивчення інтонації. У статті наведено різні типології та структурні особливості універсальних інтонаційних моделей, які визначені у межах емоційно-музикального, символічного та когнітивного підходів. Робота містить результати порівняльного експериментально-фонетичного дослідження емоційного та нейтрального англомовного дискурсу. Інтонаційні одиниці аналізуються з урахуванням того, який зміст вони передають у мовленні. Отже, у статті описана типологія і структура прототипових інтонаційних моделей, які безпомилково декодуються слухачем як такі, що реалізують певні універсальні значення, що систематизовані у межах дихотомій: спонукання / твердження; фон / фігура; мажор / мінор; схвалення / несхвалення. Наведена у роботі типологія прототипових інтонаційних моделей побудована з урахуванням функціонального навантаження у площині когнітивного механізму декодування лінгвістичної інформації і охоплює такі різновиди інтонаційних моделей: спонукальні, ідентифікуючі, інтенсифікуючі та визначаючі.
ІРОНІЧНИЙ МОДУС ЯК ХАРАКТЕРНА ОЗНАКА НЕОМІФОЛОГІЗМУ РОМАНУ ТЕРРІ ПРАТЧЕТТА «ГЛИНЯНІ НОГИ»
Authors: Ніколова О. О. , Вороніна А. М.
Published: January 2025

У статті досліджується іронічний модус як ключовий елемент побудови неоміфологізму в романі Террі Пратчетта «Глиняні ноги». У роботі розглядається основа природи комічного, які її прояви в тексті (на рівні форм та прийомів), досліджується використання іронії як тропу, а також іронії як частини постмодерністської поетики, що дозволяє авторам створювати подвійне прочитання тексту – очевидне, закладене безпосередньо в тексті, і те, що приховане у підтексті. Особлива увага приділяється використанню іронії з точки зору деконструкції традиційних наративів. У статті піддається докладному аналізу те, як британський письменник в іронічному ключі переосмислює міфи, використовуючи міфологічних істот як гіперболічні втілення рис недосконалого суспільства та його структур. Досліджується те, як автор у персонажах зберігає їхні архетипні особливості, які дозволяють створити захопливу історію у фентезійному світі, а також сприяють впровадженню соціальних проблем, з якими стикаються люди у сучасному світі. Зокрема, висвітлюється те, як автор за допомогою іронії та звернення до міфів підіймає теми експлуатації та догматизму (големи), стереотипів та ідентичності (перевертні), консерватизму та гендеру (гноми), недосконалості правоохоронної системи (тролі) та зловживання владою (вампіри). У статті демонструється те, як іронія виходить за межі стилістичного прийому, але інтегрується в наративну структуру, створюючи багаторівневе оповідання з можливістю дуального прочитання, у якому міфологічні створіння стають не лише комічними елементами, що підтримують загальний комічний тон твору, але й прихованими під іронією коментарями на актуальні соціальні теми. У висновках статті відзначається значущість проведеного дослідження для подальшого аналізу ролі іронії у побудові постмодерністського тексту та її потенціалу виступати конструктом соціальної критики. Автори роблять внесок у вивчення сучасної літератури та способів переосмислення у ній міфологічних образів.
СТАН РОЗВИТКУ ҐЕНДЕРНОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ДИСКУРС-АНАЛІЗУ СТРАТЕГІЙ ҐЕНДЕРНОЇ РІВНОСТІ РАДИ ЄВРОПИ (2014, 2018, 2024 PP.)
Authors: Дунебабіна О. А.
Published: January 2025

Ґендерна терміносистема перебуває в стані інтенсивного розвитку та спеціалізації. Джерелом національного права є міжнародне законодавство, яке також постійно розвивається. Метою статті є огляд формування та змін ґендерної терміносистеми стратегій ґендерної рівності Ради Європи (далі – стратегії), які були розроблені Комісію з ґендерної рівності Ради Європи і прийняті Комітетом Міністрів сторін в 2014, 2018 та 2024 роках. Важливість і актуальність дискурс-аналізу як методу дослідження становлення ґендерної терміносистеми визначається тим, що таке дослідження відбувається з урахуванням контексту, у якому розроблялися тексти стратегій. Таким контекстом є розвиток політики досягнення ґендерної рівності в просторі впливу Ради Європи. Дискурс-аналіз також передбачає можливість інтерпретувати зміст понять та термінів для розуміння того, які ідеї та концепти закладено в тексті, яким чином мова відображає та формує соціальні реалії, структури та впливає на уявлення реципієнтів про реальність. Наукова новизна статті полягає в тому, що авторкою з використанням дискурс-аналізу простежено взаємозумовленість ґендерної терміносистеми і суспільних реалій в текстах стратегій ґендерної рівності Ради Європи, зокрема, на прикладах використання таких понять, як ґендерно трансформативний підхід, дискримінація за ознакою статі та антиґендерні рухи. Здійснено огляд їхнього використання в українському правовому та соціально-політичному дискурсах та наукових дослідженнях. У статті розмежовуються категорії «поняття» і «термін». Таке розмежування є важливим у контексті того, що в сучасному українському науковому дискурсі, зокрема лінгвістиці, категорія ґендеру визначається одночасно і як термін, і як поняття як свідчення відсутності чіткого розуміння їхнього змістовного наповнення, а також того факту, що ґендерна термінологія перебуває у процесі становлення та потребує глибинного дослідження.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PROJECT INITIATION AND PERFORMANCE OF SLUMS UPGRADING PROJECTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA: RESCUING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL ELEVEN FOR RESILIENT URBAN CITIES
Authors: Ombwayo Janet , Kidombo Harriet , Gakuu Christopher
Published: January 2025

Objective: This paper sought to assess the influence project initiation phase on performance of slums upgrading projects (PSUP) in various slums of Nairobi city County in Kenya following slum upgrading initiatives by government with aim of achieving first target of sustainable development goal eleven.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study was anchored on empowerment theory that postulates that through coalitions at the community level, members are empowered to effectively collaborate for building of social capital that provides solutions to emerging issues.
 
Method: The study was guided by pragmatism whereby both positivism and constructivism were adopted. Correlational research design and descriptive survey research designs were considered appropriate for the former supported inferential statistics while the latter was ideal for collecting quantitative and qualitative data concurrently. By relying on descriptive survey and correlational research designs, 208 study participants are surveyed out of a sample of 266 drawn the target population of 794. Qualitative data was presented in narrative form.
 
Results and Discussion: The results reveal that even though activities within project conceptualization and setting up of project deliverables are still a challenge, project initiation is to a small extent properly executed due to inadequate stakeholder identification and insufficient community needs assessment process. From the regression analysis, project initiation showed a very strong positive linear and significant relationship with PSUP. The null hypothesis was rejected in favour of the alternate hypothesis and thus concluded that project initiation has a significant influence on PSUP.
 
Research Implications: Stakeholders identification and community needs assessment were not largely achieved thus having a negative impact on project initiation phase and activities therein, there is need for a policy framework to guide the initiation process and ensure that project objectives or goals are people centred. In addition, the slum dwellers should be adequately involved in the initiation phase as this will help mitigate frictions and disagreements preceding project planning and execution phases, unnecessary delays and waste of resources. It is important for all the state agencies involved in slum upgrading in Kenya to adhere to critical needs of the project initiation phase for successful implementation of slum upgrading projects.
An Exploration of the Application Methods of Teaching Narratives in Ideological and Political Courses in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Xing Yuhong
Published: January 2025

Under the background of the new era, ideological and political education in colleges and universities is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. As an innovative teaching strategy, teaching narrative through narrating real or fictional stories, so that the abstract ideological and political theory knowledge visualization, to arouse emotional resonance in the hearts of students, and deepen the cognition and understanding of the course content. The strategies and methods to improve the teaching effect of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities and students’ learning experience are from the aspects of the selection and accumulation of narrative materials, the cultivation and enhancement of teachers’ narrative ability, and the innovation and diversification of narrative carriers.
Research on AI System for Virtual Reality Games Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lai Longwei
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of virtual reality technology, virtual reality games have become an important component of the entertainment industry. To enhance the immersion and interactivity of games, the intelligence level of game AI systems has become crucial. This article focuses on the research of reinforcement learning based virtual reality game AI systems, exploring the application, algorithm design, system implementation, and integration with other technologies of reinforcement learning in game AI. At the same time, it analyzes the limitations and challenges of reinforcement learning and looks forward to future research directions. The aim of this study is to provide theoretical support and technical reference for the development of AI systems in virtual reality games.
Wpływ sztuki nielegalnej na budowanie tożsamości miejskiej
Authors: Kowalik Anna
Published: January 2025

Współczesne graffiti i street art, stanowiące kluczowe elementy miejskiego krajobrazu, odgrywają znaczącą rolę w kształtowaniu tożsamości społecznej i urbanistycznej. W artykule zbadano wpływ tych form artystycznych na percepcję przestrzeni miejskich, podkreślając ich znaczenie dla ewolucji miejskiej tożsamości w kontekście nowej ekonomii opartej na kreatywności. Analiza efemeryczności graffiti oraz street artu pokazuje, jak spotkanie z tymi dziełami w przestrzeni miejskiej może przerywać codzienność i zwiększać świadomość społeczną, co przekłada się na dynamiczne rozpoznawanie i interpretację miejskich krajobrazów.Przez integrację różnorodnych perspektyw – od historii sztuki po socjologię i filozofię – niniejsze badanie ujawnia złożoność wpływu sztuki ulicznej na życie miejskie oraz na kulturowe aspekty współczesnych społeczeństw. Sztuka uliczna, łącząc różne media, nowe technologie oraz bodźce sensoryczne, tworzy unikalną jedność w wielości, angażując odbiorców na poziomie fizycznym i psychicznym. To zaangażowanie, zarówno w wymiarze fenomenologicznym, jak i w codziennym życiu, podkreśla znaczenie dalszych interdyscyplinarnych badań nad sztuką uliczną jako nieodłączną częścią kultury miejskiej.
Isra Mi’raj and the Privilage of Prayer: Study of the Isra Mi’raj Verses in the Qur’an
Authors: Aini Aisyah Nurul , Muna Arif Chasanul
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: There is a growing tendency among some Muslims to neglect the obligatory five daily prayers, despite their fundamental status and unique virtues. One such virtue is evident in the way the prayer was prescribed during the Isra Mi’raj event, where the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) received the command directly from Allah. This study aims to clarify the linkage between prayer and Isra Mi’raj, emphasizing how internalizing the event’s implied messages can enhance one’s prayer quality (khushū’). Methodology: This is a qualitative library-based study that analyzes classical and contemporary Islamic sources, especially fiqh-oriented tafsīr, as well as previous research. The collected data were examined thematically to uncover the spiritual dimensions of prayer influenced by the Isra Mi’raj narrative.
Main Results: The findings suggest that neglect in performing prayers often stems from a limited understanding of their spiritual significance. By appreciating the extraordinary context of the Isra Mi’raj—where prayer was commanded without an intermediary—believers can deepen their spiritual connection, leading to more focus and humility in performing prayers. Research Contribution: This study provides a conceptual framework linking the Isra Mi’raj narrative to the inner dimensions of prayer. Such insights can serve as a reference in religious education and spiritual development programs, encouraging a view of prayer not as a mere ritual duty but as a profound spiritual encounter. Conclusions: Grasping the meaningful lessons behind Isra Mi’raj enriches the believer’s prayer experience, promoting a consistent, heartfelt, and morally transformative adherence to this core Islamic obligation
Re‐evaluation of citric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow‐up of its re‐evaluation
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF), Castle Laurence , Andreassen Monica , Aquilina Gabriele , Bastos Maria Lourdes , Boon Polly , Fallico Biagio , FitzGerald Reginald , Frutos Fernandez Maria Jose , Grasl‐Kraupp Bettina , Gundert‐Remy Ursula , Gürtler Rainer , Houdeau Eric , Kurek Marcin , Louro Henriqueta , Passamonti Sabina , Wölfle Detlef , Dusemund Birgit , Turck Dominique , Barmaz Stefania , Tard Alexandra , Rincon Ana Maria
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Citric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) was re‐evaluated in 2020 by the Food Additives and Flavourings Panel (FAF Panel) along with acetic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, mono‐ and diacetyltartaric acid, mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472a,b,d,e,f). As a follow‐up to this assessment, the FAF Panel was requested to assess the safety of citric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides of fatty acids (E 472c) for its use as food additive in food for infants below 16 weeks of age belonging to food categories (FCs) 13.1.1 (Infant formulae as defined by Directive 2006/141/EC) and 13.1.5.1 (Dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants). In addition, the FAF Panel was requested to address the recommendation of the re‐evaluation of E 472c as a food additive to update the EU specifications in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. For this, a call for data was published to allow interested partied to provide the requested information for a risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the technical data provided by the interested business operators support an amendment of the EU specifications for E 472c. Regarding the safety of the use of E 472c in food for infants below 16 weeks of age, the Panel concluded that there is no safety concern from its use at the reported use levels and at the maximum permitted levels in food for infants below 16 weeks of age (FCs 13.1.1 and 13.1.5.1).
THE ROLE OF ORGANISATION AND ITS CULTURE IN SHAPING JOB SATISFACTION IN THE IT INDUSTRY
Authors: Kiran Teju , Shaikh Azhar , K Prakash , Kalkoti Sanjana
Published: January 2025

The research, titled "The Impact of Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction in the IT Industry," aims to quantitatively assess how various dimensions of organizational culture influence job satisfaction among employees in the Indian IT sector. The research adopts a descriptive and quantitative approach, employing structured methodologies to explore the relationships between demographic factors, organizational culture, and job satisfaction. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires, using a Likert scale to gauge employee perceptions on cultural aspects such as leadership style, communication practices, and work-life balance, alongside job satisfaction levels. Secondary data from literature reviews and industry reports provided additional context. A sample of 200 respondents, selected through stratified random sampling, ensures a broad representation of the IT workforce. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square analysis, and factor analysis were used to analyze the data, revealing significant relationships between organizational culture and key job satisfaction factors. The Pearson Chi- Square statistics for culture-related factors, such as encouragement (χ² = 68.959, p = 0.000) and career growth opportunities (χ² = 189.067, p = 0.000), indicated a strong influence on employee morale and satisfaction. The factor analysis further revealed key cultural dimensions that significantly shape job satisfaction. The findings suggest that fostering a positive organizational culture, through open communication, recognition programs, and career development opportunities, is critical for enhancing job satisfaction in the IT industry. By providing empirical evidence, this study contributes valuable insights into the role of organizational culture in shaping employee attitudes and offers practical recommendations for improving work environments in the IT sector.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND Z-CONTROL MECHANISM TO MITIGATE CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS-INDUCED CONJUNCTIVITIS IN NEWBORNS
Authors: Shah Nita H , Vaghela Jalpa N , Jayswal Ekta N.
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes a mathematical model employing a Z-control mechanism to prevent neonatal Chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborns of infected mothers. Chlamydia trachomatis transmission during delivery can lead to conjunctivitis and severe complications in the lungs and nasopharynx if untreated. The model, based on nonlinear differential equations, evaluates the basic reproduction number at the disease-free equilibrium point. Numerical simulations demonstrate that Z-control effectively stabilizes chaotic oscillations in the system, reducing the risk of conjunctivitis in newborns. The findings highlight that prenatal testing, early treatment of pregnant women, and newborn screening are critical for preventing and controlling Chlamydia transmission. The implementation of Z-control has proven effective in mitigating this epidemic, significantly reducing the incidence of neonatal Chlamydial conjunctivitis.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF FISSURE-IN-ANO (PARIKARTIKA) - A CASE STUDY
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Khushbu
Published: January 2025

One of the most painful anorectal ailments is Parikarthika (fissure-in-ano). The prevalence of this ailment has risen dramatically in recent years, owing primarily to irregular eating habits and the effects of an unhealthy modern lifestyle. As a result, fissure-in-ano is now common in all age groups and genders. This case study demonstrates how to successfully manage an acute fissure-in-ano utilizing Ayurvedic therapeutic approaches. A 29-year-old male patient complained of discomfort and burning during and after bowel motions, which were accompanied by blood streaks in the stool. A longitudinal ulcer was found at the 6 o'clock position in the lower anal canal, validating the diagnosis of an acute fissure-in-ano. The therapy program combined internal and external Ayurvedic remedies. Triphala Guggulu and Abhayarisa were used to enhance healing, reduce inflammation, and ease bowel movements. Externally, Jatyadi Taila Pichu (medicated oil-soaked gauze) was applied to the affected area to promote wound healing, and the patient was encouraged to take sitz baths with tepid water to relieve discomfort and improve local blood circulation. Within 10 days of treatment, there was a remarkable improvement, including total symptom alleviation. A two-month follow-up confirmed no recurrence of the disease. This case demonstrates the efficacy of Ayurvedic therapy approaches in controlling acute fissure-in-ano and underlines the significance of lifestyle changes for long-term healing.
Studi Kajian Literatur: Analisis Miskonsepsi Materi Usaha dan Energi pada Siswa SMA
Authors: Saputra Lalu Zoandi , Halim Muhammad Abdul , Busyairi Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Bidang studi Fisika adalah bagian integral dari Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) yang tidak hanya merupakan koleksi pengetahuan tentang gejala alam melalui observasi, eksperimen, dan analisis, tetapi juga mencakup fenomena yang dapat berbentuk fakta, konsep, prinsip, hukum, rumus, teori, dan model. Dalam pembelajaran fisika di tingkat SMA, salah satu materi penting adalah usaha dan energi karena relevansinya dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, bidang fisika yang mengalami miskonsepsi yang menduduki peringkat pertama adalah bidang mekanika. Pada hal ini konsep dasar fisika yang sesuai dengan topik ialah mekanika dengan materi pokok usaha dan energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis profil miskonsepsi Peserta Didik pada materi usaha dan energi, serta menawarkan strategi pembelajaran untuk mengatasinya. Metode penelitian menggunakan tinjauan literatur sistematis dengan menganalisis artikel dari berbagai jurnal nasional yang relevan. Hasilnya, ditemukan berbagai miskonsepsi utama, seperti kesalahpahaman tentang gaya, usaha dan energi serta hubungan usaha dan energi. Penyebab utama miskonsepsi adalah kurangnya pemahaman mendasar, keterbatasan pengalaman praktis, dan pendekatan pembelajaran yang kurang efektif. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa pencegahan dan penanganan miskonsepsi memerlukan pendekatan pengajaran yang lebih interaktif, berbasis eksperimen, dan menggunakan simulasi digital. Guru diharapkan memanfaatkan temuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengajaran dan meminimalkan miskonsepsi di masa mendatang. Artikel ini juga memberikan gambaran tentang hubungan antara metode pembelajaran dan kurikulum yang digunakan, sehingga menjadi rujukan penting dalam pengembangan strategi pendidikan fisika yang lebih efektif.
Kata Kunci: Kajian Literatur, Miskonsepsi, Fisika, Usaha dan Energi.
Analisis Pengakuan Pendapatan Dan Pembebanan Biaya Kontrak Konstruksi Menurut PSAK No. 72 Pada Perusahaan Jasa Konstruksi (Studi Pada Cv. Wanamartha Anugerah Samawa)
Authors: Ayu Nurmaya Ade Kresna
Published: January 2025

The decision-makingg made by the company is reflected from the resulting of financial statements. However, there are several companies that complete financial statements only for tax reporting needs, so they do not fo through the auditing process by expert and the report cannot be confirmed whether it is in accordance with the applicable accounting standards, especially in revenue recognition and cost charging, which are two important components of a company’s profit or loss generator. The purpose is ti describe how the analysis of revenue recognition and cost charging according to the Financial Accounting Standards Statement (PSAK) No. 72 in construction service companies CV. Wanamartha Anugerah. This research is qualitative descriptive and data collectiong techniques are interview and documentation. The result is that revenue recognition of CV. Wanamartha has been in accordance with PSAK 72 but the cost charging on the CV. Wanamartha is not in accordance with PSAK 72.
GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NO SEGMENTO DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICÍPIO DE TIANGUÁ, INTERIOR DO CEARÁ
Authors: Gorgonio Alesson Aristides Alberto
Published: January 2025

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar um diagnóstico da gestão de resíduos
sólidos da construção civil no município de Tianguá/CE em obras de pequeno porte.
A metodologia adotada classifica a natureza como qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso,
com objetivos descritivos realizado mediante a coleta de dados com 05 entrevistados
na cidade de Tianguá, Ceará, formado por 02 gestores de obras que ocupam a função
de engenheiros civis, 01 secretário da Prefeitura e 02 funcionários que trabalham com
retirada de resíduos em caçambas estacionárias no mês de outubro de 2024. Os
resultados indicam que o município de Tianguá vem passando por uma transformação
desde o ano de 2021 quando foi promulgada a instituição da Política Nacional de
Resíduos Sólidos, porém a cultura do município ainda é conservadora, pois as
empresas reconhecem os benefícios da capacitação, mas nem todos ofertam para os
funcionários que atuam nos canteiros de obras. A separação do RCC nas caçambas
comumente é realizada pela empresa terceirizada, embora essa responsabilidade é
do gestor da obra, logo isso atrapalha a prestação do serviço, pois é necessário
empregar tempo para a separação. Além disso, o estudo também identificou que a
prefeitura realiza o monitoramento das obras e das vias públicas para impedir o
depósito de RCC em locais inapropriados e, em casos de irregularidades, o
responsável pela obra juntamente com o proprietário recebem um auto de infração.
Assim, conclui-se que a gestão de resíduos sólidos em Tianguá avançou nos últimos
anos, mas ainda enfrenta desafios, seja no poder público ou privado
La contribución educativa de la Compañía Lancasteriana en San Luis Potosí de 1830 a 1858
Authors: Hernández Ortiz Francisco
Published: January 2025

El presente trabajo da a conocer la contribución educativa de la Compañía Lancasteriana en San Luis Potosí de 1830 a 1858. Nació con una estructura orgánica, un reglamento, un cuerpo directivo, un bloque de asignaturas, incluyendo una de tipo religioso, los exámenes de conocimientos. Había socios que contribuían con recursos económicos en conjunto con el Estado para crear escuelas, pagar sueldos a los preceptores y adquirir materiales educativos. La reconstrucción histórica para esta investigación se hizo bajo la orientación metodológica de la hermenéutica, hubo análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias, cuyos datos llevaron a la interpretación de cómo, cuándo y por qué se instauró la Compañía Lancasteriana en el recién creado Estado Libre y Soberano de San Luis Potosí, dentro del contexto de la naciente República mexicana de acuerdo a la Constitución de 1824. Los conceptos teóricos que ayudan a argumentar el relato son: Estado, instrucción pública, escuela pública y enseñanza.
The Application of GIS Technology in Environmental Management in Ghana
Authors: Yembilah Nicholas Nkang
Published: January 2025

This article traces the evolution of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) from the early days of cartography into contemporary time, within the context of environmental decision-making. The quantitative revolution influenced the development of cartography. In the 1970s computerized mapping and GIS automated cartography. The format and management of spatial data got transformed in the 1980s with the development of geo-query in GIS. In the 21st century GIS included social perspectives in managing GIS data bases. The technology was introduced into higher educational institutions of Ghana in the 1990s. Government departments recognized it to be an important tool for resolving spatial problems. Its potential for consensus building is yet to be fully exploited because the technology was considered to be complex. This was solved by shifting from generating GIS codes, to graphical interface and spatial model applications. From its initial focus of mapping and spatial database management, GIS now concentrates on varied degrees of complexity in modeling. Uses to which the technology has been put in Ghana include mapping the spatial distribution of Buruli Ulcer; using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in geospatial and hydrological modeling to delineate drainage and watershed to predict flood prone areas in parts of Accra; and, in groundwater projects to select well sites for drilling bore holes. It was concluded that continued application of GIS in Ghana and other parts of the world could result in rare and timeless solutions being found to spatial and environmental problems that confront humanity.
Design of Artificial Beaches at Sheltered and Exposed Sites
Authors: Van Rijn Leo , Arjan Mol  , Merel Kroeders
Published: January 2025

The paper is focused on the design of artificial sand beaches at sheltered and exposed sites. The methodology applied includes the study of the most essential design parameters and the application of numerical models to compute the beach erosion and maintenance. The computed erosion volume decreases for coarser sand (0.5 mm sand instead of 0.3 mm). Beach erosion increases for more graded sand, but the effect is small (10%-15%). The slope of the artificial beach at sheltered sites is commonly between 1 to 15 and 1 to 30 in conditions with a micro tidal range and mild waves. Slopes between 1 to 30 and 1 to 50 are used for more open exposed sites. The effect of the upper and lower beach slope (1 to 15 or 1 to 20) on beach erosion is marginal for sand in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 mm. A break in slope is quickly adjusted by transport processes. The volume of beach sand required may be reduced by constructing a submerged sill at the toe of the beach. Analysis of costs shows that the construction costs including maintenance over a period of 50 years of a submerged sill are about the same as that of beach fill including maintenance. Hence, the beach fill volume can be twice as large for a solution without a sill. Beach erosion due to alongshore transport processes is minimum if the beach line of the planform is perpendicular to the main wave direction (equilibrium beach).