bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Engineering of Machine Learning-Enabled Systems: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Chadli Kouider , Botterweck Goetz , Saber Takfarinas
Published: July 2024

The widespread adoption of Machine Learning (ML) across various sectors presents unique challenges beyond the scope of conventional software engineering, especially throughout the lifecycle of ML-Enabled Systems (MLES). As ML becomes central to software operations, the substantial computational resources required for their training, testing, retraining, and maintenance underscore the urgent need for sustainable DevOps practices in AI-centric software ecosystems. Despite the critical importance of this subject, there remains a lack of a unified review that addresses these sustainability challenges within the ML lifecycle from a holistic perspective. This study aims to bridge the research gap by conducting a systematic mapping study of current practices and methodologies that promote sustainable MLOps. Additionally, we have mapped these techniques and methodologies across the MLOps pipeline and extracted lessons learned from each phase to enhance our understanding and application of sustainable practices in MLOps. By doing so, this paper seeks to offer insights into strategies that could mitigate the environmental, economic, technical, social, and individual sustainability challenges associated with MLES, thereby contributing to the development of more sustainable ML-Enabled Systems.
The impact of HCl on alkali-induced corrosion of stainless steels/FeCrAl alloy at 600 °C: The story after breakaway
Authors: Ssenteza Vicent , Jonsson Torbjörn , Nockert Johanna , Liske Jesper
Published: July 2024

The impact of Cl on alkali-induced high temperature corrosion of stainless steels/FeCrAl alloys after breakaway oxidation was investigated in a simulated biomass- and waste-fired boiler environment at 600°C. For this investigation, three alloys were exposed to low Cl load environment (H2O + KCl) and to high Cl load (H2O + KCl + HCl). Post-exposure analysis showed that the stainless steel SVM12 experiences fast oxidation and forms thick double-layered Fe-rich oxide scales. The corrosion attack is further accelerated with addition of HCl for this material with the effect being more pronounced in the inward-growing scale. The FeCrAl and FeCrNi alloys exhibit slower oxidation kinetics after the breakaway corrosion compared to SVM12 in the H2O + KCl exposure. Furthermore, in contrast to SVM12, the addition of HCl did not accelerate the corrosion attack on these alloys. It is argued that the properties of the secondary oxide layer formed after breakaway corrosion is important in the continued corrosion resistance against chlorine induced corrosion attack. Especially, the Cr-content in the inner scales is suggested to be important in corrosion mitigation.
Investigation of cold-formed steel built-up box sections using Experimental and Numerical analysis
Authors: M Banu Priya , K Aarthi
Published: July 2024

In cold-formed steel (CFS) construction, built-up box sections are becoming more and more common for beam members. This paper presents a thorough analysis of the experimental and numerical aspects of the innovative face-to-face joined built-up cold-formed steel beams. It is done through finding buckling-moment resistance capacity under four-point bending. Two press-braked channel pieces are used to build these built-up beams, and bolted connections hold them together. The two different cross sections examined in the research work are namely FFT (face-to-face connected CFS channel section having screws only at the top) and FFTB (Face-to-face connected CFS channel section having screws both at the top and the bottom). The screws prevent each of the channels from buckling independently in this configuration. The beam is square in cross-section and contains stiffener only at the web portion. The study took into account three distinct parameters: (1) Screw spacing; (2) the screw's placement; and (3) the thickness of the section. A total of 8 sections were tested using the experimental method. Here, the moment-deflection relationship and the mechanism of failure covered in detail. Using finite-element (FE) models produced with the commercial program ABAQUS [3], numerical analysis was performed. Regarding ultimate moment capacities and buckling modes, the findings of the actual tests and the FE agreed rather well. The FE models were therefore confirmed. The design strengths computed concerning American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) were compared with the design strengths found through experimental and FE method. Also, a detailed discussion is provided of how the parameters as mentioned earlier affect stiffness, buckling resistance behavior, flexural strength, and the failure mode. After a discussion of the experimental, theoretical, and FE results, the ideal screw spacing, location, and specimen thickness are suggested.
Normal-Abnormal Negative Impacts Suppressing Via Normal Feature Memory For Video Anomaly Detection
Authors: Chen Qihui , Liang Weijie , Zhan Yongzhao
Published: July 2024

In the field of video anomaly detection, effective representation for the normal and abnormal video features is a key issue for improving the accuracy of detection models. The feature representation based on global spatio-temporal networks lacks to consider negative impacts for the features between normal segment and abnormal segment, resulting in incorrect detection for some segments in video. To address this issue, a new approach of normal-abnormal negative impacts suppressing via normal feature memory for video anomaly detection is proposed. In this method, feature representation with normal–abnormal negative impacts suppression via normal feature memory pool is modeled, which can be used to suppress normal-abnormal negative impacts in video feature learning. Constraint learning for normal feature memory pool is designed to promote more effective learning for the normal feature memory pool and feature of abnormal video segment. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the relative state-of-the-art methods on the Shanghai-Tech and XD-Violence datasets and achieves competitive results on the UCF-Crime dataset. This indicates that the proposed method can effectively enhances the performance of anomaly detection, thereby validating its effectiveness in practical applications.
Quaternion-based Deep Image Prior with Regularization by Denoising for Color Image Restoration
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , He Liangtian , Gao Shaobing , Deng Liangjian , Liu Jun
Published: July 2024

Deep image prior (DIP) has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in addressing various imaging inverse problems by capitalizing on the inherent biases of deep convolutional architectures to implicitly regularize the solutions. However, its application to color images has been hampered by the conventional DIP method's treatment of color channels in isolation, ignoring their important inter-channel correlations. To mitigate this limitation, we extend the DIP framework from the real domain to the quaternion domain and propose a novel quaternion deep image prior (QDIP) model for color image restoration. More importantly, to enhance the recovery performance of QDIP and alleviate its susceptibility to the unfavorable overfitting issue, we propose incorporating the concept of regularization by denoising (RED). This approach leverages existing denoisers to regularize inverse problems and integrates the RED scheme into our QDIP model. Extensive experiments on color image denoising, deblurring, and super-resolution show that the proposed QDIP and QDIP-RED achieve highly competitive performance against many state-of-the-art alternatives in both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. The dataset and code can be available at: https://github.com/qiuxuanzhizi/QDIP-RED
Systematic Identification of UBE2C As a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immunosuppression and Invasiveness in Glioma
Authors: Feng Hao , Fu Anhui , Yang Rong , Qiao Fei
Published: July 2024

Glioma is one of the common tumors of the central nervous system, which presents difficulties in clinical diagnosis and treatment due to its characteristics of immunosuppression and cell invasion phenotypes. If the condition and prognosis of glioma can be predicted during the process of diagnosis and treatment, it will be more conducive to timely intervention or evaluation of glioma. Therefore, we still need to search for more valuable tumor markers. The differential/risk genes and enrichment analysis based on glioma samples (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA). Target gene UBE2C were obtained by the expression correlation and differential expression analysis for the enrichment results. UBE2C were evaluated by clinical grading, survival prognosis and cell experiments. The correlation of UBE2C with immune invasion, immune checkpoint, network analysis and cell invasiveness of gliomas was analyzed by TCGA-glioma data and STRING, respectively. The results suggests that the high expression and risk of UBE2C in gliomas may be a factor that promotes malignant phenotype of tumor cells. The immune phenotype shows that IL6 and IL10 may be the key nodes affecting the immunosuppressive phenotype of glioma. Further, the tumor cells aggressive genes from the MMP family can be correlated with immunosuppressive phenotypes via UBE2C-IL6/IL10 axis, especially displayed by MMP2/MMP9. The UBE2C may systemically effects the malignant phenotype, immunosuppression and cell invasiveness of tumors systematically, which reflects UBE2C as a potential biomarker of glioma and therapeutic target for this tumor.
The impact of robotic surgery on the treatment of benign esophageal and gastric disease. Early experience of a specialized unit
Authors: Saliaris Konstantinos , Karikis Ioannis , Mela Eugenia , Katsila Sofia , Kitsou Eleni , Smparounis Spyridon , Linardoutsos Dimitrios , Theodorou Dimitrios , Triantafyllou Tania
Published: July 2024

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is a well-established approach in the surgical treatment of reflux, hiatal hernia and esophageal motility disorders such as achalasia. Robotic platforms have only recently been incorporated in surgery for esophageal motility disorders and their exact value remains to be determined. In the present study, we present the preliminary results of our early experience with a case series of benign upper gastrointestinal diseases treated using the robotic system in our department.
Methods: Data on all consecutive patients undergoing surgery for benign UGI disease during the last five years (01/2029-12/2023) was prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. All patients attended regular follow-up appointments. Patients with relapse or deterioration of their symptoms were referred for objective testing using high-resolution manometry and/or 24-h impedance pHmetry.
Results: Fourteen patients with achalasia underwent robotic Heller myotomy and modified Dor fundoplication, sixteen patients underwent hiatal hernia repair with fundoplication and four patients had a Nissen fundoplication for reflux esophagitis. The median postoperative Eckardt score of the patients treated for achalasia was 2 and a median GERD score of 1 was recorded for patients treated for reflux. Two patients with achalasia were evaluated with manometry due to temporary symptom relapse. The manometric findings were unremarkable.
Conclusion: The incorporation of the robotic approach in the surgical treatment of benign UGI diseases is safe and feasible with excellent perioperative and postoperative functional results. Further experience and investigation will allow for reliable comparison to the laparoscopic approach.
Hybrid Gate-Based and Annealing Quantum Computing for Large-Size Ising Problems
Authors: Liu Chen-Yu , Goan Hsi-Sheng
Published: July 2024

One of the major problems of quantum computing applications is that the required number of qubits to solve a practical problem is much larger than that of today's quantum hardware. In this work, we introduce the large-system sampling approximation (LSSA) algorithm to solve Ising problems with sizes up to Ngb2Ngb by an Ngb-qubit gate-based quantum computer, and problems with sizes up to Nan2Ngb by a hybrid computational architecture of an Nan-qubit quantum annealer and an Ngb-qubit gate-based quantum computer. By dividing the full-system problem into smaller subsystem problems, the LSSA algorithm then solves the subsystem problems by either gate-based quantum computers or quantum annealers, and optimizes the amplitude contributions of the solutions of the different subsystems with the full-problem Hamiltonian by the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) on a gate-based quantum computer to determine the approximated ground-state configuration. LSSA has polynomial time complexity and can be further extended to a deeper level of approximation with computational overhead that grows linearly with the problem size. The effects of different subsystem sizes, numbers of subsystems, and full problem sizes on the performance of LSSA are investigated on both simulators and real hardware. The completely new computational concept of the hybrid gate-based and annealing quantum computing architecture opens a promising possibility to investigate large-size Ising problems and combinatorial optimization problems, making practical applications by quantum computing possible in the near future.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the ‘3-in-1’ financial reporting model in supporting the sustainability of MSMEs
Authors: Sakti Perdana Baratadewa , Muh Hafidz Ma’shum AM , Susminingsih Susminingsih
Published: July 2024

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the global economy, but often face challenges in compiling and understanding financial statements. This study aims to identify effective financial reporting models for MSMEs in supporting the sustainability of their businesses in Indonesia. This qualitative field research focuses on MSME actors in the handicraft sector, household accessories retail, and laundry services. Through interviews, observations, and analysis of financial statement documents, it was found that the “3-in-1” financial statement model that integrates balance sheet, profit and loss, and cash flow in one worksheet provides significant benefits for MSMEs. This model offers a concise, easy-to-understand, and integrated presentation of financial information, allowing MSME actors to comprehensively understand the financial performance of their business. The results show that after 14 months of implementing the “3-in-1” model, the assets of one of the MSMEs increased by more than 1 billion rupiah. In addition, an informant in the retail sector reported a change from a loss of 16 million Rupiah to a profit of 44 million rupiah after improving the pricing procedure based on the “3-in-1” report. In the laundry service sector, the implementation of the “3-in-1” model allows business owners to pay themselves 50 thousand rupiah every day. This model has proven to be effective in supporting the sustainability of MSMEs by providing easy-to-understand financial reports, saving time and resources, and encouraging business growth. This study contributes to improving MSME financial literacy, better business decision-making, and encouraging innovation in financial reporting for the MSME sector.
Photoluminescent Sensor for Fe3+ Based on Calix[4]arene-Derivative-Modified UiO-66-NH2
Authors: Fonseca José , da Costa Ohanna , Alves Júnior Severino , Barros Bráulio , Kulesza Joanna
Published: July 2024

Iron is an important ion that regulates many metabolic functions in the human body, and its deficiency or overload can cause serious health problems. In view of this, the development of tools that can quantify iron in aqueous media is quite valuable. A new material based on a metal-organic framework (MOF) and a calixarene derivative (CALIX), here named CALIX@UiO-66-NH2, was successfully prepared and used as a luminescent sensor for iron ions in a water matrix containing various metal ions. The post-synthetic modification was demonstrated to be efficient on the MOF (UiO-66-NH2) modification, leading to a hybrid platform. The effect of the combination of both components (MOF and CALIX) led to a platform more sensitive to iron detection than the independent compounds. The CALIX@UiO-66-NH2 sensor shows a linear response toward Fe3+ ions with satisfactory linearity (R2 = 0.994) within the concentration range of 6.74 × 10-6 -1.72 × 10-5 mol L-1. The limit of detection was determined to be as low as 1.6 mg L-1. The data demonstrate that CALIX@UiO-66-NH2 is an excellent probe for detecting Fe3+, as confirmed by almost complete fluorescence suppression.
Bootstrap-after-bootstrap for autoregressive models: an application to Indonesian value of export oil and gas
Authors: Mahmudah Umi
Published: July 2024

This research focuses on predicting the value of oil and gas exports in Indonesia, employing a hybrid methodology that combines autoregressive models and a bootstrap approach. Specifically, this research applies the bootstrap-after-bootstrap approach to showcase its effectiveness in improving the accuracy of parameter estimates. Analysis results indicate that the autoregressive model with an order of p=2 minimizes the AIC, BIC, and HQ values, yielding AIC=9.833775, BIC=10.03125, and HQ=9.883440, respectively. Consequently, the AR(2) model emerges as the optimal choice for predicting Indonesia's export value of oil and gas. This research utilizes varying numbers of bootstrap replications (B=100, 250, 500, 1000, and 10000) to assess the impact on prediction intervals. Prediction intervals exhibit less smoothness for B=100 and B=250, whereas B=500 and B=1000 result in a considerably smoother pattern. The highest level of smoothness is achieved for B=10000. The findings underscore that bootstrap-after-bootstrap prediction intervals provide the most accurate and conservative assessment of future uncertainty. Moreover, predictive analysis for the upcoming five periods indicates a projected decline in the export value of oil and gas in Indonesia. Overall, this research demonstrates the efficacy of the bootstrap-after-bootstrap approach in enhancing the precision of predictions and providing robust insights into future uncertainties surrounding Indonesia's oil and gas export market.
Chemometric Analysis on Fingerprints of Acalypha Indica L Based on the Different Drying Methods
Authors: Hayati Elok Kamilah , Anggraini Maulinda Putri
Published: July 2024

The use of an anting-anting plant (Acalypha indica Linn) as a raw material of herbal medicine requires a standardized process in its production. This research aims to determine the fingerprint pattern of active compounds using a thin-layer chromatography method with specific samples that applied various drying methods, such as direct sunlight drying, greenhouse drying, and oven drying at 50°C. The chemometrics data interpretation with the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was applied to analyze the obtained fingerprint patterns to identify the differences among the variations. The separation of active compounds in the anting-anting plant using ultrasonic extraction for 20 minutes with ethyl acetate as the solvent. Consecutively, the thin-layer chromatography fingerprint was investigated by applying a subsequent comparison of mobile phase cyclohexane: toluene: diethylamine by 75:15:10. The result from the TLC plate spots was examined to detect the differences among the fingerprints, with the help of ImageJ and Orange software. The fingerprints with various drying methods resulted in the possession of 11 stains of active compounds. The ImageJ software generated chromatograms with Area Under the Curve (AUC) values, further subjected to chemometrics analysis using PCA. The PCA results showed simple grouping patterns for each variation, with a total principal component (PC) of 86.03% (PC1 = 52.78%, PC2 = 33.25%), indicating the success criteria of PCA chemometrics analysis.
Utilization of Senduduk Fruit Extract (Melastoma malabathricum) for Natural Color in Lip Cream
Authors: Zulaicha Annisaa Siti , Munawaroh Khoryfatul , Saputra Iwan Syahjoko , Setiajaya Arif
Published: July 2024

Decorative cosmetics function to beautify your appearance with a combination of colors such as blush, hair dye and lip color . A class of cosmetics that women always use to give a more attractive appearance are decorative cosmetics such as lips cream. The coloring ingredients added to lip cream preparations are chosen from an economic perspective, but the optimal level of color stability means that many manufacturers still use dangerous chemical dyes such as Rhodamine B in their products. This dye can cause irritation to the respiratory tract and is carcinogenic. Therefore, the aim of the research is to formulate a lip cream preparation with natural coloring agent from sendunia fruit extract that is safe, useful and of good quality through physical and stability tests. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method for 3x24 hours using 96% ethanol solvent. Senduduk fruit extract lip cream is formulated into 4. The base comparisons carried out were (carnauba wax: microcrystaline wax) F 0 (12.6; 10.6), F1 (9.6; 7.6), F2 (7.6; 9.6), and F4 (9 ;9), physical properties assessed from the organoleptic test, homogeneity test, spreadability test, adhesion, pH test. The results of the hedonic test can be concluded that F2 color is the best formulation interested.
Efficient identification of geometric errors in CNC machine tools based on dual-frequency laser interferometry
Authors: Li Xianyi , Liu Xiaoying
Published: July 2024

In contemporary production, the computer numerical control machine tool is an essential processing apparatus. However, its geometric errors can often impact processing accuracy and stability. Therefore, an innovative geometric error identification method for CNC machine tools is proposed, which uses the polarization information in the dual-frequency laser interferometer to improve the measurement accuracy. By optimizing the polarization state of the laser system, the ability to identify the geometric error of the machine tool is improved. The findings of this study indicated that the measurement accuracy, measurement range, ease of operation, reliability, cost and applicability of the dual-frequency laser interferometer-based geometric error identification method for computer numerical control machine tools were 0.91, 0.87, 0.93, 0.77, 0.94, 0.85 and 0.97, respectively, which were better than the comprehensive performance of other methods. The study's suggested method offers a solid foundation for raising the precision and machining quality of machine tools by effectively and precisely identifying the geometric faults of CNC tools. The study's findings also establish the groundwork for future widespread use of dual-frequency laser interferometers in the detection of geometric faults in computer numerical control machine tools by offering theoretical justification for real-world uses.
Torsional effect analysis of high-rise reinforced concrete space grid cassette multi-tube structure system
Authors: Jiang An-Min , Zhang Fu-Tian , Xiong Qi-Wei , Wang Fei-Fei , Dong Yan-Chen
Published: July 2024

The manuscript introduces a new structural system called the reinforced concrete (RC) space grid cassette multi-tube structure for high-rise buildings. A case study building is analyzed using this system and compared to a conventional RC frame-core tube structure. Through modal analysis in the software “Midas Gen”, the torsional effect and control indices like inter-story displacement ratio, maximum displacement, etc. are compared between the two structural systems. The results show that the space grid cassette system has smaller displacement ratios, displacements, inter-story torsion angles, and thus better torsional resistance compared to the conventional frame-core tube system. Based on these analyses, the manuscript concludes that the RC space grid cassette multi-tube structural system has superior seismic performance and is more suitable for irregularly shaped high-rise residential buildings.
Analytical modeling of cylindrical eddy current brakes and multi-objective optimization based on game theory
Authors: Fan Yumeng , Yang Guolai , Sun Quanzhao
Published: July 2024

With the research and development of eddy current brake (ECB), today ECBs have been applied in a variety of fields including vibration control and braking of strong impact loads.The application of a new cylindrical structure eddy current brake (ECB) for strong impact braking of large machinery has been discussed recently. Its high-speed and high-kinetic-energy braking conditions require different analytical and optimization design models and methods from what has been addressed in previous studies. For subsequent more engineering-oriented research and optimization, modeling methods are needed, as well as analysis and optimization studies for braking forces and critical speeds of interest. In this work, a magnetic equivalent circuit model is established, and the influence of eddy current induced during application is taken into account by considering it as a magnetomotive force in the model. The braking force is calculated with the MEC model and an approximate electric field cross-section method. A small prototype experiment is carried out and proves the correctness of the proposed model. Using the proposed and FEM model, parameters of the ECB are analyzed. Then, aiming at design objectives of the ECB that are somewhat competitive under this special braking condition, a multi-objective optimization model is established using the Stackelberg game strategy. An FEM model is built and assessed based on optimization results. The results indicate that the multi-objective optimization model based on the Stackelberg game is effective for the design of this ECB structure.
A special graph for the connected metric dimension of graphs
Authors: Batiha Iqbal M. , Anakira Nidal , Hashim Amal , Mohamed Basma
Published: July 2024

Given a connected graph G=(V, E), let d(x, y) represent the separation between x and y at its vertices. If each vertex in a collection B is uniquely identified by its vector of distances to the vertices in B, then that set of vertices resolves a graph G. A metric dimension of G is represented by dim(G) and is the smallest cardinality of a resolving set of G. If the subgraph B- induced by B is a nontrivial connected subgraph of G, then a resolving set B of G is connected. The metric dimension of G is the cardinality of the minimal resolving set, while the connected metric dimension of G is the cardinality of the smallest connected resolving set. The connected metric dimension of the knots graph, whitehead link graph and jewel graph are determined in this study. Finally, we derive the explicit formulas for the triangular book graph, quadrilateral book graph and crystal planar map.
A new mathematical model for optimizing laser cutting parameters to improve fabric quality
Authors: Samura Lisa , Danil Pratama Muhamad , Galih Vidia Putra Valentinus , Achmad Fandi , Yusuf Yusril , Abdullah Fadil
Published: July 2024

We present a model for optimizing laser-cutting process parameters to improve fabric-cutting quality in the textile industry. We use two methods to predict fabric-cutting quality based on customized laser-cutting parameters, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). RSM had an R-squared (R2) value of 0.952, showing high accuracy. As a result of varying iterations and nodes, the results of the ANN models were different. As a result of 10,000 iterations on an architecture with six nodes and one hidden layer, the ANN model with an R-squared of 0.998 was the best optimization model. The novelty of this study found that ANNs with six nodes and 10,000 iterations optimize the laser cutting process for fabrics more effectively than models with fewer nodes and fewer iterations. RSM and ANNs are effective tools for improving fabric-cutting quality in specific applications, as well as providing theoretical contributions through this research.
Criminal Legal Regulation of Trafficking in Human Bodies: Spanish and Brazilian Experience
Authors: Shestak V. , Tsyplakova A.
Published: July 2024

Organ trafficking, a very profitable worldwide illegal activity today, is frequently overlooked by those involved in combating human trafficking due to its complex and covert nature. Numerous international documents underscore the importance of countering trafficking in human organs and transplant tourism. This article analyzes the legal frameworks of Spain and Brazil, with a particular focus on their compliance with international and supranational standards aimed at combating, inter alia, the illegal circulation of organs and other phenomena associated with it. Firstly, the article distinguishes such phenomena as transplant commercialism, transplant tourism and illegal trafficking in organs and draws attention to the fact that currently there is no uniform understanding of the clear boundaries of the concept of illegal trafficking in organs. Elaborating on the various aspects of the above-mentioned types of criminal activity may allow one to properly determine the legal interests and rights protected by criminal law and the types of behavior subject to imputation in an exhaustive way. Secondly, the authors outline a number of controversial issues that arise due to the complex nature of organ trafficking and suggest several ways to meet these challenges.
Patent Invalidation Procedures in the WTO Member BRICS Countries: India Provides a Model Legislation
Authors: Zaheer Abbas M.
Published: July 2024

Eighty percent of the world’s population lives in emerging markets, and a significant portion of this population is not receiving healthcare or at least is not receiving the healthcare they need. This is an issue experienced in all of the BRICS countries as well. The BRICS countries particularly need drugs for the treatment and management of infectious and communicable diseases. The affordability of healthcare is one of the key priorities of the BRICS countries. These goals may not necessarily be in line with the patent laws of the BRICS countries which are also members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This article examines the patent invalidation procedures of the four WTO member BRICS countries, namely India, China, Brazil, and South Africa with the aim of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of their procedural safeguards and learning from their experiences. The presence of a functional patent opposition model is of utmost importance for the BRICS countries, since this allows for the invalidation or opposition of patents that have been granted in their respective jurisdictions. However, except for India, none of the other WTO member BRICS countries have developed a well-thought-out patent opposition model. This study argues that the BRICS group provides a viable forum for India to promote its distinguished patent invalidation model. In turn, the WTO member BRICS countries can learn from India’s pro-health patent opposition model and reform their national patent laws to align with their public health priorities. This is especially important in the context of the pandemic like COVID-19, for example.
Topical Administration of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as a Viable Approach to Reduce Inflammation: A Review
Authors: Rajak Prakash , Karmakar Arka , Sarma Santa , Bhuyan Biman
Published: July 2024

:

This review seeks to assess the potential of nanomaterials, specifically Nano-structured
Lipid Carriers (NLCs), in mitigating challenges associated with inflammation-related
disorders, with a particular emphasis on chronic ailments like arthritis. A comprehensive literature
review spanning Web of Science, PubMed, and other scholarly repositories from 2000
to 2023 is conducted. Articles are selected based on their focus on NLCs and inflammation
management, utilizing keywords, such as "nanomaterials," "targeted drug delivery," and "arthritis."
Exclusion criteria involve non-English studies or those lacking adequate detail on
NLCs. Synthesized data provide an overview of the advantages, challenges, and prospects of
NLCs in addressing chronic inflammatory disorders. This review also examines the therapeutic
applications of nanotechnology, including targeted drug delivery and tissue engineering,
particularly focusing on the intricate biological responses in chronic inflammation, often involving
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Moreover, the exploration extends
to topical delivery methods to enhance control over medication concentration, with a
review of lipid nanoparticles, such as liposomes and solid-lipid nanoparticles, highlighting
their potential in augmenting drug permeation while addressing challenges like inadequate
drug loading.

:

NLCs have emerged as promising candidates for overcoming drug delivery challenges, particularly
in arthritis treatment, with a focus on their advantages across diverse lipid compositions.
The review underscores significant strides in inflammation management through NLC
utilization, offering insights into future research directions.

:

Moreover, it contributes to ongoing advancements in nanomedicine, emphasizing the pivotal
role of NLCs in developing innovative therapeutic approaches for inflammation-related disorders,
particularly arthritis. NLCs represent a promising avenue for effective interventions,
signaling progress in nanotechnology-enabled therapeutics.
Examining the Difficulties in Identifying and Handling Cardiac Amyloidosis; Acquiring Important Knowledge and Robust Treatment Methods
Authors: Ali Ghadir Mohammed Saleh , Seme William Ale Emmanuel , Dudhat Kiran
Published: July 2024

:

Systemic amyloidosis is a rare protein misfolding and deposition condition that causes
slow organ failure. Each of the more than 15 exclusive sorts of systemic amyloidosis, which encourage
amyloid production and tissue deposition, is introduced by a unique precursor protein.
Amyloidosis can affect various organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, nerves, gastrointestinal
tract, lungs, muscles, skin, and soft tissues. It can either be acquired or hereditary. Insidious
and doubtful signs often cause a put-off in diagnosis. In the closing decade, noteworthy progressions
have been made in the identity, prediction, and handling of amyloidosis. Shotgun proteomics
based on mass spectrometry has revolutionized amyloid typing and enabled the identification
of novel amyloid forms. It is critical to correctly identify the precursor protein implicated in
amyloidosis because the kind of protein influences the proper treatment strategy. Cardiac amyloidosis
is a disorder characterized by the systemic accumulation of amyloid protein in the myocardium's
extracellular space, which causes a variety of symptoms. The buildup of amyloid aggregates
precipitates myocardial thickening and stiffening, culminating in diastolic dysfunction
and, in due course, heart failure. We examine every kind of systemic amyloidosis in this text to
offer practitioners beneficial equipment for diagnosing and treating those unusual diseases. This
review presents a comprehensive analysis of cardiac amyloidosis and consolidates current methods
for screening, diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment alternatives.
Pregnancy in Autoimmune Hypophysitis: Management of a Rare Condition
Authors: Costanza Flavia , Cicia Martina , Giampietro Antonella , Tartaglione Tommaso , Angelini Flavia , Zoli Angelo , Ferrazzani Sergio , De Marinis Laura , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Bianchi Antonio , Chiloiro Sabrina
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Hypophysitis is an inflammatory disorder of the pituitary gland. It can
manifest variously, with endocrinological and neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms and signs, due to
the compression of sellar and parasellar structures.

Case Representation:

Although hypophysitis is rare, this pituitary disease can occur during pregnancy
or in the postpartum period. In this report, we describe the case of a woman with partial hypopituitarism
secondary to autoimmune hypophysitis who, five years after the diagnosis and the
immunosuppressive treatment, had an uneventful pregnancy and successfully delivered a healthy
infant at term.

Conclusion:

We reported the clinical history of the patient and the evolution of the disease and also
reviewed the management and treatment of autoimmune hypophysitis during pregnancy.
Comprehensive Study on Production Methods and Applications of Functionally Graded Coatings
Authors: Attal Abhishek , Kumar Santosh , Khanna Virat
Published: July 2024

Surface modification of metal substrates by coatings has remained a
challenging research topic because of the conflicting demands for various properties.
Functionally graded coatings (FGCs) have recently attracted the attention of
researchers all over the globe owing to their mechanical, electrical, thermal and
tribological characteristics in a variety of advanced engineering applications. These
coatings are usually characterized by low porosity, good adhesion and base material
compatibility, which includes temperature and geometry. However, coatings often
experience some problems like variable thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) as
compared to their base metals. Thus, to overcome this issue, the functionally graded
material (FGM) layers may be employed. Hence, the purpose of this chapter is to
describe a general idea of FGM coatings, including classifications of production
methods and their diverse applications
Introduction to Gut Microbiota and their Effects on Various Brain Disorders
Authors: Usmani Afreen , Mishra Anuradha
Published: July 2024

Human gut microbiota (GM) research has emerged as one of the most
promising fields in recent years. Moreover, a major area of interest is the connection
between GM and several human disorders. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated
the vital roles that the gut microbiome plays in human physiology and pathology.
Additionally, microbiome-based medicines have been used to cure illnesses. In
biomedical research, aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and
Parkinson's disease have also attracted a lot of attention. To explore the potential
pathogenic or therapeutic impacts of GM in diseases, several researchers have
examined the connections between these factors. Numerous biologically active
chemicals produced by microbiota have an impact on neurochemistry via
neuroendocrine, immunological, and metabolic pathways. Gastrointestinal functional
disturbances can manifest well in advance of the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.
Furthermore, recent advancements in both preclinical and clinical research have
indicated that the composition of the GM assumes a significant role in governing the
dynamic interplay between the gut-brain axis, potentially bearing relevance to the
etiology of neurodegenerative maladies. This chapter focuses on the relationship
between the microbiota and neurodegeneration, as well as the pertinent mechanisms,
present applications, and potential future prospects for microbiome-based therapy. 
Epigenetic Regulation of Microglia: Plausible Mechanism and Interventional Approaches in Neurodegeneration
Authors: Shafi Sameen , Khan Hafizur Rahman , Bajpai Preeti
Published: July 2024

Microglia, the brain resident macrophages perform a wide range of functions
ranging from brain development, equilibrium, maintenance in the brain
microenvironment, injury repair and the preservation of neuronal networks. Cellular
elasticity is a prerequisite for the multi-dimensional tasks performed by microglia.
Epigenetic modulations are critically involved in altering gene expression finely
coordinating with the phenotypic plasticity in microglia. Any change in its tuning
favors the inflammatory state of the brain, which leads to detrimental effects on the
nervous system. The present review offers an insightful exploration into the origin of
microglia, shedding light on its vital functions and the intricate mechanisms that govern
the epigenetic modification of microglia in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore,
it explores potential avenues for mitigating these diseases.
Çocuk Acil Servisine Başvuran Zehirlenme Vakalarının Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Kesebir Funda , Akın Fatih , Yazar Abdullah , Kılıç Ahmet Osman , Akkuş Abdullah , Türe Esra
Published: July 2024

AMAÇ: Çocukluk çağı zehirlenmeleri önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Zehirlenme vakaları yıllar içinde ailelerin bilinçlenmesi, tıbbi gelişmeler gibi faktörlerle yıllar içinde farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar hastaların hem tanı hem de tedavilerine ışık tutmakta hem de hasta mortalite ve morbiditesi olumlu yönde etkilenmektedir. Biz de bölgesel zehirlenme profilimizi belirlemek, erken tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımları konusunda farkındalığı artırmak amacıyla bu çalışmayı planladık.

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ocak 2016 ve Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında, hastanemiz çocuk acil servisine başvuran ve zehirlenme tanısıyla izlenen 472 vakanın klinik ve epidemiyolojik özellikleri hastane kayıtları üzerinden tarandı ve incelendi.

BULGULAR: Acil servise başvuran 472 zehirlenme vakasının %47.3’ü kız, 52.7’si erkekti. Zehirlenme etkeninin alım yolunun %87.1 ile enteral olduğu, %12,9’nun inhalasyon yoluyla zehirlendiği belirlendi. Majör zehirlenme etkeninin kostik veya koroziv maddelerin olduğu (%42,8), bunu ilaçların takip ettiği görüldü (%30,5 ). 0-12 ay ve 13-48 ay çocuklarda kaza sonucu majör zehirlenme etkenin kostik/koroziv maddeler ( %48 ve %33,7) olduğu, 49 ay-13 yaş çocuklarda ise kaza sonucu majör etkenin ilaç dışı maddeler (%32,5) olduğu belirlendi. 13 yaş üzeri çocuklarda majör etkenin ilaçlar olduğu (%18,1) saptandı. 0-12 ay (%42,4) ve 13 yaş üzeri (%21,3) çocukların zehirlenme oranlarının pandemi esnasında, öncesine kıyasla anlamlı derecede arttığı belirlendi. 13-48 ay (%22,7) ve 49 ay-13 yaş (%13,6) çocukların zehirlenme oranlarının ise pandemi öncesine kıyasla anlamlı derecede düştüğü saptandı.

SONUÇLAR: Çocukluk çağı zehirlenmeleri nadir bir sağlık sorunu değildir. Zehirlenmenin önlenmesi için erken başvuru ve ön müdahale konusunda toplumun eğitilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bölgemizin zehirlenme profilini çıkardığımız bu çalışmanın, zehirlenme vakalarında erken teşhis ve alınacak gerekli tedbirlere katkı sunacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Evaluation of Anemia Distribution According to Erythrocyte Morphology in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Sert Sadiye , Karaçal Say Şerife , Buldu Ebru
Published: July 2024

Aim: While the prevalence of anemia among hospitalized children varies in the literature, there is currently a lack of studies in our region that specifically examine the distribution of anemia based on erythrocyte morphology. Therefore, our aim was to compare the prevalence of anemia based on sex and age distribution among children undergoing hospitalization in our region and investigate the distribution of anemia according to erythrocyte morphology.
Material and methods: Children aged between 6 months and 18 years who were only hospitalized and followed up in the Department of Pediatrics at the Health Sciences University Konya Beyhekim Training and Research Hospital between January 2021 and March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Of the 1148 children hospitalized in the pediatric clinic, 876 (76.3%) had hemoglobin levels within the reference range for their age, while 272 (23.7%) were found to have anemia. A statistically significant difference was observed in the presence of anemia among age groups, with the 6 months-
Evaluation of cardiac clues in patients admitted to pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic with syncope
Authors: Altın Hakan
Published: July 2024

Background: In our study, we aimed to determine the incidence rates of children admitted to the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic with syncope according to their etiologies; and especially to reveal the clues that distinguish cardiac syncope cases from other cases.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by obtaining the information of 795 children aged 5-17 years who were diagnosed with syncope in the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic of our tertiary university hospital between 01.01.2021 and 01.06.2024 from the data in our hospital automation system. Medical history of the patient and his/her family, syncopal event, physical examination findings, 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, 24-hour rhythm holter and exercise ECG records were analyzed.
Results: Cardiac syncope was 14.5% (10.8% arrhythmia and 3.7% structural heart disease) while noncardiac syncope was 85.5% (VVS 60.6%, OH 18.6%, situational 1% and 4.8% idiopathic). The most common conditions associated with cardiac syncope were a history of arrhythmia and heart disease, a family history of sudden death at a young age, and syncope associated with exercise-palpitations-chest pain. Rhythm holter test had a low diagnostic rate, while exercise ECG test had a high diagnostic rate.
Conclusion: It is important to diagnose cardiac syncope as it can cause sudden death. Standard 12-lead ECG, echocardiography and rhythm holter examination should be performed in all suspected patients; exercise ECG, head-up tilt test, genetic arrhythmia/cardiomyopathy investigations and electrophysiologic study should be performed in selected cases. In addition, simultaneous ECG monitoring during electroencephalography (EEG) examination in patients presenting with atonic seizures will be very useful in terms of clarifying the etiology.
Non-Atherosclerosis Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Review Article
Authors: Afifah Yuri , Rosandy Kharisma Ogit , Satrijo Budi
Published: July 2024

Non-atherosclerotic acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of conditions that cause myocardial damage and clinical symptoms like traditional ACS but are not primarily caused by coronary artery plaque rupture or obstruction. This abstract provides an overview of the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of non-atherosclerotic ACS. Several etiologies can lead to non-atherosclerotic ACS, including coronary artery vasospasm, connective tissue disorders, stress-induced cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo syndrome), and vasculitis. The clinical presentation can mimic traditional ACS, with chest pain being the most common symptom. Diagnostic tools such as electrocardiography (ECG), laboratory biomarkers, echocardiography, coronary angiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear imaging play a crucial role in distinguishing non-atherosclerotic ACS from traditional ACS. Treatment strategies for non-atherosclerotic ACS are often based on expert consensus and clinical experience due to the lack of specific guidelines. Management approaches depend on the underlying etiology and may include pharmacological therapy, invasive interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or surgery, and risk factor modification. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Further research and prospective studies are needed to enhance our understanding of non-atherosclerotic ACS and optimize its management. Keyword: Coronary Artery Spasm, Coronary Syndrome, Non-Atherosclerosis Acute Myocardial Injury, Takotsubo Syndrome, Vasculitis.
Televisiekijkgedrag, programmavoorkeur en persoonlijkheidskenmerken: de rol van affectintensiteit en neiging tot nadenken
Authors: De Pelsmacker Patrick , Geuens Maggie
Published: July 2024

In an exploratory sample of 121 Flemish television viewers two individual difference characteristics are measured, i.e. affect intensity and need for cognition, as well as demographic characteristics, programme preference and various aspects of television viewing behaviour. In general, the effect of individual differences is more important than the effects of demographic characteristics. Affect intense individuals prefer commercial television in general and amusement shows in particular. They dislike news programmes. Individuals with a high need for cognition prefer public television and news programmes. The results suggest that programme makers and advertisers should take individual differences and personality characteristics into account when targeting programmes and commercials.