bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of the genus Seminemacheilus, with the description of three new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Authors: YOĞURTÇUOĞLU BARAN , KAYA CÜNEYT , GEIGER MATTHIAS F. , FREYHOF JÖRG
Published: June 2020

The nemacheilid genus Seminemacheilus is revised. Six species are recognised, three of them described herein as new. All species are endemic to Central Anatolia. Seminemacheilus lendlii from the Sakarya River drainage and the endorheic Lake Aksehir and Eber basins, S. ispartensis from Lake Eğirdir basin and S. ahmeti from Sultan Sazlığı are valid species. Although Seminemacheilus lendlii and S. ispartensis have almost identical COI sequences, they are distinguished by the shape of the caudal peduncle and the presence of scales on the caudal peduncle in S. ispartensis (vs. absent in S. lendlii). Seminemacheilus attalicus, new species, from Kırkgöz drainage, is distinguished by having a slightly emarginated caudal fin, a central pore in the supratemporal canal and a marbled flank pattern. Seminemacheilus ekmekciae, new species, from Lake Tuz basin is distinguished by having a roundish caudal fin, a short post-dorsal length and large brown blotches fused into stripes on the flank. Seminemacheilus tubae, new species, from Lake Beyşehir basin, is distinguished by having a truncate caudal fin and 2–5 (6) supraorbital head pores. Seminemacheilus dursunavsari from the Göksu River drainage is not a valid name and this population is identified as S. tubae.
1. Introduction
Authors: Bonvillian John D. , Kissane Lee Nicole , Dooley Tracy T. , Loncke Filip T.
Published: June 2020

Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the language and communication needs of various individuals who have difficulty expressing themselves either through speech and/or by using one of the full and genuine sign languages of Deaf people. The authors propose the integration of the Simplified Sign System, a manual sign-communication system that is comprised of iconic and easily formed signs, into the environments of persons with various communication difficulties, including individuals with autism, aphasia, intellectual disability, or cerebral palsy. Various misconceptions about sign training are tackled and countered by information highlighting the benefits of sign usage for many different people. The authors then present the principles on which their sign system is based, including iconicity, ease of production, the relatively broad conceptual base of many signs, the standardization of the signs, and the provision of a core vocabulary. These principles also make them easier to learn and remember by other potential users of the system, including international travellers, parents adopting children from other countries, elderly persons who have developed hearing impairments, foreign language instructors, and students learning an additional spoken language.
8. Development of the Simplified Sign System
Authors: Bonvillian John D. , Kissane Lee Nicole , Dooley Tracy T. , Loncke Filip T.
Published: June 2020

Chapter 8 provides background information on the development of the Simplified Sign System. These steps are included so that investigators may replicate research findings and/or develop additional signs for their own sign-intervention programs. The authors first discuss efforts to find highly iconic or representative gestures in the dictionaries of various sign languages and sign systems from around the world. If necessary, signs were then modified to make them easier to produce based on the results of prior studies of signing errors made by students with autism, the sign-learning children of Deaf parents, and undergraduate students unfamiliar with any sign language. These potential signs were then tested with different undergraduate students to determine whether the signs were sufficiently memorable and accurately formed. Signs that did not meet criterion were either dropped from the system or subsequently modified and re-tested. Initial results from comparison studies between Simplified Signs and ASL signs and between Simplified Signs and Amer-Ind signs are presented as well. Finally, feedback from users influenced the course of the project. Memory aids were developed, especially for those persons who have less familiarity with sign languages, to help explain the ties between each sign and its referent in case that relationship is not readily or immediately apparent to a potential learner.
Preface and Acknowledgments
Authors: Bonvillian John D. , Boone Bonvillian William
Published: June 2020

The Preface and Acknowledgements section provides a personal look by the primary author into the initial request for a simplified form of signing to use with persons with autism at the Grafton School in Virginia in the 1980s. Since little research into the development of sign language skills in children had been done at that time, the primary author felt that investigators first needed to document sign language acquisition by the typically developing signing children of Deaf parents. After this initial foundation of knowledge was established, then the focus could turn to sign language acquisition by atypical populations. The onset of the actual Simplified Sign project in 1998, and its subsequent development over the decades since, are covered with a focus on the contributions made by the authors as well as by the many University of Virginia students involved in the sign testing and by various persons who provided feedback on earlier versions of the chapters in this manuscript. Finally, a short Postscript by the primary author’s brother summarizes the work done on the Simplified Sign project since the passing of Dr. John Bonvillian in 2018.
Composite Cartilage-osseous-mucosal Nasoseptal Flap for Reconstruction after Near Total Rhinectomy
Authors: Shastri Karthik S. , Lin Yufan , Scordino Jessica , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Reconstruction of full thickness nasal defects usually requires different donor sites for the external skin envelope, structural elements, and internal nasal lining. In this paper we present a novel single site method for dual inner lining and skeleton repair for full thickness nasal defects with a composite nasoseptal flap and extended pedicle dissection.

Methods:

A 72-year-old male presented with a T4b melanoma involving the nasal dorsum and left upper lateral cartilage. Following full thickness resection, reconstruction was performed with a nasoseptal flap (NSF) with attached septal cartilage and vomer in conjunction with a paramedian forehead flap. Extended pedicle dissection into the pterygopalatine fossa allowed the NSF to fully cover the defect.

Results:

The nasal defect was fully corrected. There was no evidence of flap compromise or nasal valve stenosis at 1 month, 2 month, and 1 year follow-up visits.

Conclusions:

We present here the first successful application of a composite cartilage-osseous-mucosal NSF for multilayered nasal reconstruction. In appropriate patients, this technique may obviate the need for flaps or grafts from extranasal sources, limiting donor site morbidity.
Is suicidal behaviour a stronger predictor of later suicide than suicidal ideation? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Large Matthew , Corderoy Amy , McHugh Catherine
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour are both regarded as important risk factors for suicide, but it is usually believed that suicidal ideation is less strongly linked to suicide than suicidal behaviours. In this study, we assessed and compared the strengths of the associations that suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour have with later suicide using meta-analysis of primary studies reporting both these independent variables and the dependent variable of suicide.

Methods:

A total of 51 English language publications describing cohort or controlled studies that reported on both the association between suicidal ideation and suicide and the association between suicidal behaviours and suicide were located using searches for titles in PubMed containing variants of the word suicide (suicid*). Suicides were considered to include reported suicides and open verdicts from mortality registers. The strengths of the two associations were examined in separate random effects meta-analyses and were then compared using mixed effects meta-regression. Subgroups were examined according to study characteristics including the definitions of suicidal ideation or behaviour used, setting (psychiatric or non-psychiatric), diagnostic mix of the study population, study design (cohort or control) and study quality.

Results:

Suicidal ideation (odds ratio = 3.11, 95% confidence interval = 2.51, 3.86) and suicidal behaviours (odds ratio = 4.09, 95% confidence interval = 3.05, 5.49) were both significantly associated with suicide but there was no significant difference in the strengths of association ( p = 0.14). Nor were there significant differences in the strengths of the two associations in multiple subgroup analyses.

Conclusion:

Suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour are both moderately associated with suicide. Existing data cannot conclusively demonstrate that suicidal behaviours are more strongly associated with suicide than suicidal ideation. Clinicians should not strongly prioritise suicidal behaviour over suicidal ideation when considering suicide risk.
School Governance and Student Achievement: Cross-National Evidence From the 2015 PISA
Authors: Luschei Thomas F. , Jeong Dong Wook
Published: June 2020

Although cross-national evidence suggests that decentralization of educational governance is positively related to student achievement, related research often fails to recognize the separate roles and influences of governments, school boards, principals, and teachers. We use data from the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment to examine school leaders’ perceptions of governance arrangements across 68 countries and to assess whether differences in perceived governance patterns are significantly related to differences in student achievement. We find that although school governance arrangements vary substantially across countries, increases in teacher decision-making responsibilities are consistently and positively related to student achievement in math, reading, and science, all else equal. Furthermore, controlling for school principals’ leadership style does not fundamentally change the positive and significant relationships between teacher decision making and student achievement, suggesting that the impact of teachers may be independent of school principals’ attitudes and actions.
International Relations and political violence: A study of the causes of domestic Jihadist violence in a transatlantic context
Authors: Ibrahimi S. Yaqub
Published: June 2020

Two decades after the 9/11 attacks, homegrown jihadist violence (HJV) in the West has almost disappeared, but the causes and conditions fomenting the phenomenon have not changed much. In this paper, I argue that, despite the security services’ ability to physically destroy the structures and networks of HJV in separate national contexts, the spectre of HJV is haunting theWest as a transnational problem. Dealing effectively with this problem requires a comprehensive understanding of the root causes of HJV and its cross-level and transnational origins. This paper examines such causes through the lens of International Relations’ levels of analysis, which allows us to categorize and explain those causes at individual, group, and international levels. The paper seeks to add new insight to the HJV literature and, at the same time, provide a pre-theoretical basis for a broader debate on the causes of this global security problem.
China as a peacekeeper—Past, present, and future
Authors: Zürcher Christoph
Published: June 2020

Over the last 30 years, the People’s Republic of China (China) has evolved from a skeptic to a champion of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping. During that same period, UN peacekeeping has greatly changed. This paper traces how China has reacted to the various practical and doctrinal innovations of UN peacekeeping, such as the turn to more robust peacekeeping, the protection of civilians, the responsibility to protect, the call for better force protection as outlined in the Cruz report, and, finally, the Action for Peacekeeping initiative. The paper then discusses possible future developments of China’s role in UN peacekeeping. Given the increasing weight of China within the UN, it is likely that China will gradually become more involved in shaping peacekeeping concepts. Early signs can be seen in its approach to the role of human rights in peacekeeping and in its emerging conceptual understanding of peacebuilding.
Election Technology, Disputes, and Political Violence in Kenya
Authors: Odote Collins , Kanyinga Karuti
Published: June 2020

In Africa, many countries have adopted technology in the conduct of elections so as to improve efficiency and deter malpractice. However, electoral disputes and violence continue to recur even where elections involve use of technology. This article builds on a case study of Kenya to show the limitations of technology use in elections. We argue that use of election technology does not guarantee the credibility of elections; technology has become a ‘black box’, which competing parties exploit to either play victim or declare themselves winners. The paper concludes that election technology is the new frontier for fraud. The manner in which election technology is procured, deployed and utilized is not only technical but also political. Addressing this political problem is imperative to avoid political violence around elections.
UV and thermal weathering of green composites: Comparing the effect of different agricultural waste as fillers
Authors: Kuram Emel
Published: June 2020

In general, agricultural waste (residue) is left to nature or employed as fuel material in houses. However, such use of agricultural waste adversely affects the environment. To reduce the negative impact of agricultural waste on the environment, it can be utilized as natural filler in thermoplastic composites owing to its cellulosic structure. This research aims to determine ultraviolet (UV) and thermal ageing of natural fiber reinforced composites to investigate their potential of using in outdoor applications. Therefore, five kinds of agricultural waste were employed as natural fillers for fabricating polypropylene (PP) based composites in current research. Sunflower seed husk (dakota and white type), pumpkin seed husk, pistachio shell and hazelnut shell were utilized as natural fillers. Tensile behaviour of natural flour filled PP composites was characterized by a brittle failure. Though the natural fillers reduced the tensile and impact strength of pure PP, the mechanical properties were still acceptable for some applications and lower cost of natural filled PP composites made them feasible. It was concluded that sunflower seed husk (dakota and white type), pumpkin seed husk, pistachio shell and hazelnut shell flour filled PP composites could compete with pure PP when flexural strength was taken into consideration. Thus, more environmentally friendly composites with good flexural strength were developed. It was found that the influence of UV and thermal ageing on mechanical properties was not detrimental. In general, dakota type sunflower seed husk flour reinforcement gave the best mechanical properties among the natural composites, thus indicating better stress transfer.
A Meta-Analysis of When and How Advertising Creativity Works
Authors: Rosengren Sara , Eisend Martin , Koslow Scott , Dahlen Micael
Published: June 2020

Although creativity is often considered a key success factor in advertising, the marketing literature lacks a systematic empirical account of when and how advertising creativity works. The authors use a meta-analysis to synthesize the literature on advertising creativity and test different theoretical explanations for its effects. The analysis covers 93 data sets taken from 67 papers that provide 878 effect sizes. The results show robust positive effects but also highlight the importance of considering both originality and appropriateness when investing in advertising creativity. Moderation analyses show that the effects of advertising creativity are stronger for high- (vs. low-) involvement products, and that the effects on ad (but not brand) reactions are marginally stronger for unfamiliar brands. An empirical test of theoretical mechanisms shows that affect transfer, processing, and signaling jointly explain these effects, and that originality mainly leads to affect transfer, whereas appropriateness leads to signaling. The authors also call for further research connecting advertising creativity with sales and studying its effects in digital contexts.
Histomorphological aspects of cadaveric skin and its possible use in forensic genetics
Authors: Bailo Paolo , Andreola Salvatore , Collini Federica , Gentile Guendalina , Maciocco Francesca , Piccinini Andrea , Zoja Riccardo
Published: June 2020

The skin is rarely considered as good biological material for successful DNA typing when a corpse is found in a leathery, mummified or partially skeletonised state, as bones and teeth are the gold standard in these cases. This study evaluates the histomorphological aspects of nuclear chromatin (Lillie’s staining) in leathery and mummified skin samples as an indicator for possible successful DNA typing. Chromatin was found in samples that underwent mummification or partial skeletonisation but not in samples in a wet type of post-mortem transformation, such as saponification or leathery transformation. As a preliminary result, a positive detection of DNA profiles was only observed in 1-year-old mummified or partially skeletonised samples. These findings suggest that specific areas of skin, even from severely deteriorated cadavers, can show nuclear chromatin and DNA. These preliminary results raise the potential use of skin samples as an alternative source of DNA in highly degraded corpses.
Basic Cognitive Abilities Relevant to Male Adolescents’ Soccer Performance
Authors: Glavaš Dragan
Published: June 2020

While there is a theoretical and empirical consensus that specific cognitive abilities gained through deliberate sports practice influence sports performance, it is less clear whether basic cognitive abilities that are not specifically related to sports practice are relevant to sports performance. Accordingly, this research examined the roles of basic concentration and visuospatial ability in adolescent soccer performance. Participants were 46 adolescent male soccer players ( Mage = 16.15 years, standard deviation = 1.13) who averaged 7.21 years (standard deviation = 2.2) of prior soccer training. We measured participant’s basic cognitive abilities with the Corsi block and the concentration grid tasks, and we measured their soccer performance through five soccer skills. Concentration had no predictive role in elements of soccer performance, but visuospatial ability was significantly related to tactical abilities, technical skills, mental toughness, and situational awareness and thus, to overall soccer performance. These findings provided support for the importance of visuospatial ability but not concentration (as measured by the concentration grid) in young males’ soccer performance.
State Trends in HIV Testing Among US Adults Aged 18-64 Years, 2011-2017
Authors: Krueger Amy , Johnson Christopher , Heitgerd Janet , Patel Deesha , Harris Norma
Published: June 2020

Objectives

HIV testing identifies persons living with HIV and can lead to treatment, decreased risk behaviors, and reduced transmission. The objective of our study was to describe state-level trends in HIV testing in the general US adult population aged 18-64 years, for both ever tested for HIV and tested for HIV in the previous 12 months.

Methods

Using 2011-2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we estimated the percentage of the state population, plus the District of Columbia, aged 18-64 years ever tested for HIV and tested for HIV in the previous 12 months. The 50 states and the District of Columbia were grouped according to the estimated prevalence of HIV in 2011. We used orthogonal contrasts to calculate P values for linear trends.

Results

The percentage of the population ever tested for HIV increased significantly in 23 states during 2011-2017, whereas the percentage tested for HIV in the previous 12 months increased significantly in 8 states. In 2017, the mean percentage ever tested for HIV in states with a high prevalence of HIV was 8.6 percentage points higher than the mean percentage in states with a low prevalence of HIV (48.5% vs 39.9%); the mean increase in the percentage ever tested was highest (11.4%) in states with a low prevalence of HIV.

Conclusion

Enhanced efforts by states to make HIV testing simple, accessible, and routine are needed to reduce the number of persons who are not aware of their infection.
Segmental versus Suprasegmental: Which One is More Important to Teach?
Authors: Wang Xue
Published: June 2020

This article considers the continuing debate in pronunciation instruction (PI) about whether segmental or suprasegmental features are more important in teaching English to speakers of other languages. While evidence has accumulated on both sides of the debate, the emergence of the notion of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) further complicates the issue. This article provides a review of current research supporting the different views in the segmental/suprasegmental debate. The review highlights research evidence that examines either the impact of segmental and suprasegmental features on intelligibility or the effectiveness of teaching these features to improve intelligibility. A review of this line of research underlines the context-specific nature of the debate and a third view that blurs the boundary between segmentals and suprasegmentals.
Developing a Tool to Capture Productive and Unproductive Mindsets About Teaching Mathematics to African American Students: An Initial Review
Authors: Thomas-Browne Carmen G. , Boston Melissa D. , Parke Carol S.
Published: June 2020

In this article, we describe the development of a survey intended to assess teachers’ perceptions on teaching mathematics to African American students. Research on productive and unproductive mindsets that affect teachers’ ways of being in the classroom guided the design of the survey. We share results from three-survey administrations with two cohorts of teachers participating in a professional learning initiative designed to address historic and systemic inequities in the experiences and opportunities of African American students in mathematics classrooms, schools, and society more broadly. We discuss how the survey results can inform professional learning opportunities for mathematics teachers.
Neighbourhoods, networks and unemployment: The role of neighbourhood disadvantage and local networks in taking up work
Authors: Vandecasteele Leen , Fasang Anette Eva
Published: June 2020

We bring together research on social networks and neighbourhood disadvantage to examine how they jointly affect unemployed individuals’ probability of re-entering employment. Data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study ‘Understanding Society’ provide information on the proportion of friends who live in the same neighbourhood, and are linked with small-scale administrative information on neighborhood employment deprivation. Results indicate that neighbourhood employment deprivation prolongs unemployment, but only for individuals who report that all of their friends live in the same neighbourhood. Living in an advantaged neighbourhood with all of one’s friends in the neighbourhood increases the chances of exiting unemployment. In contrast, neighbourhood location is not associated with unemployment exit if one’s friends do not live in the same neighbourhood. We conclude that neighbourhood effects on exiting unemployment critically depend on individuals’ social embeddedness in the neighbourhood. Not just residing in a disadvantaged neighbourhood, but actually living there with all one’s friends, prevents individuals from re-entering employment. This opens new avenues for theorising neighbourhood effects as social rather than geographic phenomena, and highlights that the effects of neighbourhood socio-economic characteristics are conditional on the level of interaction residents have within their neighbourhood.
Does the neighbourhood matter for neighbourhood satisfaction? A meta-analysis
Authors: Neal Zachary
Published: June 2020

Urbanists are keenly interested in individuals’ satisfaction with their neighbourhoods, and especially in the determinants of satisfaction. To the extent that we all want to be satisfied with our neighbourhoods, this work has an important practical application, providing guidance to planners, developers, local leaders and others on how to build satisfying neighbourhoods. However, do neighbourhoods matter for neighbourhood satisfaction? This study answers that question using a meta-analysis to pool 126 estimates from 27 studies of the association between neighbourhoods and neighbourhood satisfaction. I find that neighbourhoods do matter for neighbourhood satisfaction, but that their direct effect is weak. I consider several possible explanations for this finding, and discuss the practical significance of calling into question whether changes to a neighbourhood’s built or social environment can meaningfully improve residents’ neighbourhood satisfaction.
Nutritional status and morbidity profile of children with leprosy contact in a rural community
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Yegnaraman , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Jeganathan Sathya , Sankaran Suresh K , Kannan Rajkumar
Published: June 2020

An observational pilot study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and morbidity profile of childhood contacts of leprosy in an endemic area (Chengalpattu) in India. A total of 70 such children were included in the study. Sociodemographic data were collected using a one-to-one interview method and the children were evaluated by dermatologists qualified in paediatric leprosy. The obtained data were computed. Three children were diagnosed to have leprosy through this study. Nutritional status assessment in these children demonstrated malnutrition, a common finding. Regular contact screening of children in endemic areas for early case detection, disability prevention and thereby prevention of community transmission is mandatory. Further research is needed concerning the role of malnutrition in children and its relation to morbidity in leprosy. The closeness and duration of contact of leprosy is also an important risk factor. Effective strategies to diagnose subclinical infection are needed.
The Effects of Diverse Feedback Dynamics on Performance Improvement: A Typology of Performance Feedback Signals
Authors: Min Byung Hee , Oh Youngmin , Brower Ralph S.
Published: June 2020

This article illustrates managerial responses to different performance feedback signals in decision-making processes for improving performance. First, we conceptualize and illuminate distinctive dimensions of feedback signals—internal feedback, external feedback, and comparative feedback signals. Then, we test how these different feedback signals improve performance of public-sector programs based on a 10-year panel data set from the Korean Performance Assessment Rating Tool (K-PART). We find that performance signals from sources internal to individual programs and from external reference points of problem identification (social performance comparison) affect program performance. This suggests an association between internal management and social comparison mechanisms relative to performance improvement. The novel contribution of this research lies in promoting scholarship on performance management by identifying three unique sources of performance feedback signaling.
Nonprofit-Government Relations in Authoritarian China: A Review and Synthesis of the Chinese Literature
Authors: Zhang Zhibin , Guo Chao
Published: June 2020

This study provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of the Chinese literature on nonprofit-government relations. A total of 1,222 nonprofit research articles have been examined. It assesses the key insights and contributions of nonprofit-government relations studies across macro-, meso-, and micro-level. It identifies three important limitations of extant research: the lack of autonomy (i.e., it is state-guided), indigeneity (i.e., it is largely an exercise of applying Western theories), and sophistication (i.e., it has limited theoretical depth and methodological rigor). The middle-range approach to theory building is suggested as a most appropriate future direction to advance research in this area.
In the footsteps of the Chinese diaspora: Lee Kum Kee and its worldwide oyster sauce trading network
Authors: Ong Kok Chung
Published: June 2020

Lee Kum Kee (LKK) is the largest and best-known Chinese sauce brand in the world. The Hong Kong-based family enterprise, which originated in South China in 1888, has prospered through its worldwide oyster sauce trading network built among the Chinese diaspora. This paper examines the rise of LKK from the perspective of its network resources. It appears that LKK’s dynamics with the ‘old’ and ‘new’ overseas Chinese communities are rather different: while it maintains its hold on the former, it has just begun to tap into the network resources of the latter. Hong Kong as a key hub of the Chinese diaspora was crucial in the construction of LKK’s trading network. It also shaped the identity of LKK, making LKK first and foremost a Hong Kong Chinese enterprise rather than a Chinese enterprise.
Anatomical and Functional Results of Medial and Lateral Surface of Temporal Muscle Fascia in Type 1 Tympanoplasties
Authors: Salcan İsmail
Published: June 2020

Aim:

The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in the anatomical success of the graft and the functional gain of hearing as a result of the medial or lateral surface application of the temporalis muscle fascia graft.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-three patients who underwent tympanoplasty (myringoplasty) type 1 surgery due to tympanic membrane perforation between December 2017 and December 2019 were included in this study. The gender and age of the patients during this study were determined. Preoperative tympanic membrane perforation types were grouped as central, marginal subtotal, and total. Airway pure tone average threshold values were evaluated preoperatively at 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 4000 Hz.

Findings:

Seventy-three patients were included in the study. Medial surface of the temporalis muscle fascia was placed onto the manubrium mallei of the malleus with over-underlay method in group 1 (n = 37) and similarly, lateral surface of the temporalis muscle fascia was placed onto the manubrium mallei of the malleus with over-underlay method in group 2 (n = 36). After tympanoplasty, it was seen that 79.5% of the grafts were intact. Graft success was lower in total perforations than other types; 51.7% of the patients with intact graft were group 1, and there was no significant relationship between graft success and groups. As a result of the assessment made in terms of hearing gain, a statistically significant change was detected in the hearing in the postoperative sixth month compared to the preoperative period in both groups.

Conclusion:

In this study, we demonstrated that there is no difference in terms of the anatomical success of the graft and the functional gain of hearing with type 1 tympanoplasty surgery.
Most Cited Articles in Head and Neck Oncology
Authors: Enver Necati , Şahin Akın , Sönmez Said , Demokan Semra
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

The number of citations an article receives is an important indication of its impact. The main objectives of this investigation provide readers with a practical guide in evaluating head and neck oncology literature and determine the characteristics of trends in ORL.

Methods:

This was a retrospective bibliometric analysis that did not involve human participant. The Thomson Reuters Web of Science was searched to determine the citations of all published HNO articles. Most cited 300 article analyzed and a total of 100 articles were included in our investigation under the topic search “Head AND NECK AND (cancer OR carcinoma OR oncology).” Articles include malignancies other than head and neck are excluded. The top 100 cited articles were selected and analyzed by 2 independent investigators. Country, Institution, First Author, Journal name, study design, cites per year information gathered and analyzed.

Results:

The journal with the highest number of top 100 cited articles was New England Journal Of Medicine with 19 paper, followed by The Journal of Clinical Oncology(17) and Cancer Research (12). The top article on the list (Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck-NEJM) has 2243 citations. A statistically significant association was found between the journal impact factor and the number of top 100 cited articles ( P < .05). The United States had the highest number of articles (63). John Hopkins is differed from other institutions with 15 contributing articles.

Conclusion:

Our analysis provides an insight into the citation frequency of top cited articles published in HNO to help recognize the quality of the works, discoveries and the trends steering the study of HNO. This is also a modern reading list for young HNO scientist.
Middle Ear Adenoma Imitating Late Postoperative Complication
Authors: Fedorová Katarína , Formánek Martin , Zeleník Karol , Židlík Vladimír , Komínek Pavel
Published: June 2020

Here, we present a rare case of middle ear adenoma in a 58-year-old female, which uniquely presented as an unstable open cavity after an endaural atticoantrotomy. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the tumor produced endocrine and exocrine secretions. The tumor was radically surgically removed.
Trading Social Visibility for Economic Amenability: Data-based Value Translation on a “Health and Fitness Platform”
Authors: Ochs Carsten , Büttner Barbara , Lamla Jörn
Published: June 2020

Research on privacy practices in digital environments has oftentimes discovered a paradoxical relationship between users’ discursive appraisal of privacy and their actual practices: the “privacy paradox.” The emergence of this paradox prompts us to conduct ethnography of a health and fitness platform in order to flesh out the structural mechanisms generating this paradox. We provide an ethnographic analysis of surveillance capitalism in action that relates front-end practices empirically to the data economy’s back-end operations to show how this material-semiotic setup elicits users’ desire to become self-determined subjects in a way that makes them amenable as objects of behavioral engineering. We combine different ethnographic methods and materials (situational mapping: network overview; discourse analysis: interpellations; autoethnography: practices; technical app analysis: data flow; business model canvas: revenue information) to specify how different types of values are produced and translated on the investigated platform. The latter offers users the values of self-mastery and social visibility. However, the data generated in this process serve to translate these values into the value of economic amenability and thereupon ultimately into economic profit. What gets lost in translation, though, is the front-end promise of self-mastery. It is these structural mechanisms that generate the privacy paradox in the first place.
Migration, Family Formation and Fertility in the Americas
Authors: Lindstrom David P. , Hernandez-Jabalera Anairis , Giorguli Saucedo Silvia
Published: June 2020

In many low- and medium-income countries that are the traditional sources of international migrants, total fertility rates have dropped to levels at or near replacement. In this context of low fertility, we expect migration’s effects on fertility to operate primarily through marital timing and marital stability. We examine the effects of international migration on age at first marriage, union dissolution, timing of first birth, and completed fertility, using retrospective life-history data collected in Mexico and eight other Latin American countries by the Mexican Migration Project (MMP) and the Latin American Migration Project (LAMP). Using discrete-time hazards and Poisson regression models, we find clear evidence that early migration experience results in delayed marriage, delayed first birth, and a higher rate of marital dissolution. We also find evidence among women that cumulative international migration experience is associated with fewer births and that the estimated effects of migration experience are attenuated after taking into account age at union formation and husbands’ prior union experiences. As fertility levels in migrant origin and destination countries continue on their path toward convergence, migrant fertility below native fertility may become more common due to migration’s disruptive effects on marital timing and marital stability and the selection of divorced or separated adults into migration.
White Extinction: Metaphysical Elements of Contemporary Western Fascism
Authors: Bhatt Chetan
Published: June 2020

The Euro-American far-right represents a highly diverse political movement comprising numerous ideological tendencies. It includes the European New Right, the US ‘alt-right’ and ‘alt-lite’, far-right accelerationism, traditionalism, and new forms of political misogyny. Despite the diversity in ideas and activities, this article argues that an overarching theme of the ‘fear of white extinction’ travels across and animates each major contemporary far-right tendency. The article explores a variety of older and contemporary metaphysical themes that are deployed in contemporary fascism. These include new configurations of racism, occultist ideas of nature and vitalism, the rendering of culture and civilization in ‘biocultural’ and ‘anthropological’ terms, and ideas about cosmic destiny. The article considers how older ideas from Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Hans Günther, Ludwig Klages, Arnold Gehlen and others are mobilized in contemporary fascism to generate a critique of liberal modernity, one which leads remorselessly to a logic of white supremacy and apocalyptic violence.
Mouthpiece ventilation in the management of dyspnea: A single-arm pilot study
Authors: Lehto Juho T , Leivo-Korpela Sirpa , Korhonen Tarja , Rantala Heidi A , Raunio Hanna , Lyly-Yrjänäinen Tiina , Lehtimäki Lauri
Published: June 2020

Background:

Noninvasive ventilation may relieve dyspnea in advanced diseases, but noninvasive ventilation through mouthpiece has not been tested in palliative care.

Aim:

To assess the feasibility of mouthpiece ventilation in relieving dyspnea among patients with advanced disease.

Design:

In this prospective single-arm pilot study, the change in dyspnea by mouthpiece ventilation was measured with numeric rating scale (0–10) and 100-mm visual analogue scale. Overall, benefit and adverse events of the therapy were also assessed.

Setting/participants:

Twenty-two patients with an advanced disease and dyspnea from the Tampere University Hospital or Pirkanmaa Hospice were treated with mouthpiece ventilation. The patients used mouthpiece ventilation as long as they preferred, but for a minimum of 5 min.

Results:

After the treatment period lasting a median of 13.5 min, mean decrease in dyspnea was −1.1 (95 % confidence interval = −2.2 to −0.1, p = 0.034) on numeric rating scale and −11.8 mm (95 % confidence interval = −19.9 to −3.7, p = 0.006) on visual analogue scale. Nonetheless, there was a high variability in this effect between individual patients. About half of the patients found mouthpiece ventilation beneficial. No serious adverse events occurred, but dry mouth was the most common adverse event. Anxiety did not increase with mouthpiece ventilation.

Conclusion:

Mouthpiece ventilation is feasible and may relieve dyspnea in some patients with an advanced disease. Further studies are needed, and these might concentrate on stable patients in early palliative care. Before initiation, this study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (study no. NCT03012737).
Magnetic resonance imaging findings of extrauterine high-grade serous carcinoma based on new pathologic criteria for primary site assignment
Authors: Kawaguchi Masaya , Kato Hiroki , Hatano Yuichiro , Tomita Hiroyuki , Hara Akira , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Matsuo Masayuki
Published: June 2020

Background

There has been no study that has reported magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of extrauterine high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) that have been histologically determined by the new criteria.

Purpose

To assess MRI findings of extrauterine HGSCs based on new pathologic criteria.

Material and Methods

Fifty patients with histopathologically proven extrauterine HGSCs, who underwent pretreatment gadolinium-enhanced MRI, were included in this study. After surgery, the primary sites were histopathologically determined based on new criteria for primary site assignment in extrauterine HGSCs as follows: fallopian tube (n = 34); ovary (n = 9); primary peritoneal HGSC (n = 1); and tubo-ovarian (n = 6). We retrospectively reviewed MR images and compared the MR findings between tubal and ovarian primaries.

Results

MRI patterns with tubal primaries were classified as ovarian cancer (62%), peritoneal cancer (35%), and fallopian tube cancer (3%). MRI patterns with ovarian primaries were classified as ovarian cancer (78%) and peritoneal cancer (22%). The frequency of the involvement of the fallopian tube, ovary, peritoneum, uterus, and lymph node was not significantly different between the two pathologies. There was no significant difference in the abnormal amount of ascites, hemorrhagic ascites, or characteristics of the ovarian lesions between the two pathologies.

Conclusion

On MR images, tubal primaries almost always exhibited ovarian or peritoneal cancer pattern, but rarely exhibited fallopian tube cancer pattern. MR findings could not accurately differentiate between tubal and ovarian primaries; therefore, histopathologic investigation is essential for determination of the primary site of extrauterine HGSCs.
Multiple primary malignancies involving lung cancer: a single-center experience
Authors: Ventura Luigi , Carbognani Paolo , Gnetti Letizia , Rossi Maurizio , Tiseo Marcello , Silini Enrico Maria , Sverzellati Nicola , Silva Mario , Succi Marcello , Braggio Cesare , Cattadori Sara , Bocchialini Giovanni , Balestra Valeria , Rusca Michele , Ampollini Luca
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Currently, unlike earlier years, patients affected by multiple primary malignancies (MPM) are significantly increased, thus representing a clinical-pathologic category worthy of attention. Their clinical features and prognosis still need to be studied thoroughly, and this is the aim of our study.

Methods:

Patients with MPM involving lung cancer admitted in our center between January 2006 and December 2016 were considered. Parametric and nonparametric testing was used for statistical comparisons. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the variables associated with a prognostic value.

Results:

MPM incidence was 19.8%. Among the 222 patients with MPM enrolled, 204 (91.8%) had two malignancies, while 18 (8.2%) had three malignancies, 38 (17.1%) were synchronous, 41 (18.5%) had lung cancer first (LCF) and 181 (81.5%) had other cancer first (OCF). A significant difference between the time of first cancer diagnosis to the second cancer diagnosis in the LCF vs OCF group was found (median 32 vs 51 months; p-value: 0.038). The most frequent anatomical sites of malignancies preceding or following lung cancer were prostate, colorectal, bladder, and larynx. Multivariate analysis revealed that sex, histologic pattern, and time and order of occurrence were independent factors for overall survival, with male sex, squamous cell lung carcinoma, synchronous and LCF MPM significantly associated with poorer overall survival.

Conclusions:

Prostate, colorectal, bladder, and larynx were the most frequent anatomical sites of malignancies preceding or following lung cancer. Male sex, squamous cell lung carcinoma, synchronous and LCF MPM might be associated with poorer prognosis.
Dynamic evaluation of optimization techniques–based proportional–integral controller for wind-driven permanent magnet synchronous generator
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally , Aly Mohamed M , Salama Hossam S , Abdel-Rahim Abdel-Moamen M
Published: June 2020

Converters of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), driven by wind turbines, are controlled by a classical proportional–integral controller. However, many research studies highlighted the challenge in PMSG due to the poor performance of the classical proportional–integral controller, especially in the event of faults or wind speed variations. This article proposes a solution for the limitations of the classical proportional–integral controller with PMSG driven by a wind turbine. The proposed solution includes two optimization techniques: gray wolf optimizer and whale optimizer algorithm. To ensure the effectiveness of the proposed techniques, step change and random variation of wind speed are studied. Moreover, fault ride-through capability of the PMSG is studied with gray wolf optimizer and whale optimizer algorithm techniques during the occurrence of a three-phase fault incident. In this case, a braking chopper controlled by a hysteresis controller is connected to the DC-link capacitor. The simulated results show that compared with the classical proportional–integral controller, gray wolf optimizer and whale optimizer algorithm techniques are greatly efficient in improving the dynamic behavior of the PMSG during wind speed variations. Moreover, gray wolf optimizer and whale optimizer algorithm techniques present their effectiveness during the fault incident by suppressing the transient variations of all the PMSG parameters, improving the fault ride-through capability, and decreasing the total harmonic distortion of the current waveforms. All simulations are performed with MATLAB/ Simulink program package.
‘Those little ones immersed in a sea of foreign influences’: Teaching Irish Language and Culture to Children in London in the Early 1900s
Authors: MacDiarmada Mary
Published: June 2020

The Gaelic League of London (GLL) was founded in 1896 and by the early 1900s had about 2,000 members engaged in language learning and cultural activities. This article describes how the GLL reached out to children, believing that while the parents might be beyond ‘redemption’, the children offered new hope for the future of the Irish language. The article also examines the themes and tropes which underpinned this strategy. Irish language tuition was seen as a preparation for return to Ireland for children who were ‘unfortunate’ to be born to Irish exiles. Their lives in London were critiqued as bleak and sad, while Ireland was portrayed as a place which would lift their spirits, and was pure and good. The different strategies adopted by the GLL such as drama, essay competitions and holidays in the Gaeltacht are examined and the reaction of the children to their Irish heritage is analysed. Ultimately, however, as the article demonstrates, it was difficult to hold the interest of these children and many adults queried the value of teaching them Irish while they were destined to live in London. By 1913, the heyday of GLL activities for children was over.