bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and pattern of tobacco consumption in urban community: a cross-sectional study in adults of Central India
Authors: Tolani Priyal H. , Wadhva Sarita K.
Published: July 2021

Background: The emergence of tobacco related diseases is a burgeoning public health problem. Every year, more than 8 million people die from tobacco use worldwide. It is one of the major causes of death and disease in India and accounts for nearly 1.35 million deaths every year. India is also the second largest consumer and producer of tobacco. There is an urgent need to curb tobacco use and reduce the associated morbidities and mortalities. The present study was the first step in the process of generating strategies to control the use of tobacco by estimating the prevalence and pattern of tobacco use in an urban community.Methods: Study was conducted in the field practice area of an urban health training center of a tertiary care hospital. House to house survey was done. Houses were selected by systemic random sampling. All the people above 15 years of age were included in the study, with total subjects interviewed being 590.Results: 371 (62.88%) study subjects were males and 219 (37.19%) were females. The prevalence of tobacco consumption was found to be 34.06%, 28.81% used smokeless form of tobacco and 3.39% were smokers. About 1.86% consumed both forms of tobacco.Conclusions: Prevalence of tobacco consumption particularly of smokeless form was quite high. Identification of high-risk group and their pattern of tobacco consumption is crucial in developing innovative and effective strategies to curb the tobacco epidemic in India.
Effectiveness of eye donation orientation session in bridging the knowledge gap amongst undergraduate medical students in Delhi
Authors: Jha Tanvi , Adlakha Vaishali , Arora Aakriti , Jayaram Vaishnavi , Mundakel Nikita Mary , Bachani Damodar
Published: July 2021

Background: Corneal blindness may be curable by keratoplasty but the demand for eye donation is however, unmet due to a variety of factors including knowledge gap. The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness of the medical undergraduate students towards eye donation and to assess the effectiveness of an orientation program in bridging the knowledge gap. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on MBBS students of 2nd and 3rd professional years. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of medical students. Knowledge regarding the contraindications to eye donation, the procedure involved and common misconceptions were assessed. This was followed by a session on orientation regarding eye donation. A second assessment using the same questionnaire was done after the session to assess the effectiveness of the same. The data was analysed using EPIINFO version 3.5.4 using chi square test. Results: Less than 50% students were aware of contraindications and less than 10% students knew ideal cornea harvesting time and nearest eye bank to their homes. Less than one-fourth students knew common causes of corneal blindness. However, most (77%) students were aware that hospital staff must motivate deceased’s family for eye donation. Significant increase in awareness was observed post orientation regarding most issues.Conclusions: This study shows that there is a knowledge gap amongst undergraduate medical students regarding eye donation. It also suggests that orientation sessions may be helpful in bridging this gap.
A review on hearing loss caused by occupational hazard and trauma
Authors: Selvanayagam Dyana Lekha , Mathialagan Amuthaganesh
Published: July 2021

Occupational hearing loss (OHL) is known to be one of the most common occupational diseases. Common causes are being exposed to workplace hazardous noise levels, ototoxic chemicals, head injuries and barotrauma. Occupational noise-induced hearing loss is mostly due to the death or damage of hair cells in our ear, which do not grow back. On the other hand, ototoxic chemicals affect the structures in cochlear and auditory neurological pathways leading to hearing loss. In occupational head trauma, the parts of the ear that are damaged are the tympanic membrane, middle ear and cochlea which leads to hearing disability. Huge changes in pressure on the outside and the inside of the ear leads to barotrauma causing potential hearing loss. Many of the research available are regarding noise-induced OHL or chemicals causing OHL followed by barotrauma. More studies on OHL due to workplace head trauma should be conducted. Preventative measures should be taken by the worker’s supervisors or the government to implement safety measures to prevent and reduce OHL. This can be done via providing equipment and facilities that prevent hearing loss and education on OHL.
The different causes of branchial plexus injuries
Authors: Hasan Syed Asif , Aljammaz Abdulrahman Saad , AlGhamdi Mosleh Motesh , ALQattan Mohamed Jasim , Alsalman Abdulrahman Hussain , Alhifzi Wafaa Sulaiman , Aljudia Hassan Ahmed , Alqahtani Mazen Jarallah , Ali Abdullrahman Mohammed , Almutairi Ahad Mohammed , Bukhamseen Abrar Hasan
Published: July 2021

Many etiologies have been reported to account for injuries to the brachial plexus, peripheral nerves and trauma. Additionally, many diseases have also been reported to cause the injury with many different pathophysiologies. For instance, some diseases have been classified as the primary diseases of the peripheral nerves including hereditary neuropathy. In the same context, brachial plexus damage or injury might also result secondary to a systemic disease, leading to a significant peripheral nerve injury as in cases with most metabolic neuropathies, which may result secondary to renal insufficiency, diabetes, amyloidosis and many other diseases. Furthermore, toxic and iatrogenic causes were also reported as potential causes for brachial plexus injuries. However, traumatic events are the most commonly reported, owing to motorcycle accidents, being the most common etiology. Although evidence is now abundant regarding the etiology, further studies are needed to furtherly validate the evidence and for more specification of the etiology and the underlying mechanisms.
Golden Notes for Preventive and Social Medicine-II
Authors: Sharma Gopal Ashish , Rattan Saurabh , Barwal Vijay
Published: July 2021

A marvellous effort for the learners of community medicine by young authors Dr. Parimal Patel and Dr. Khushbu Makadia of the book, “Golden notes for preventive and social medicine (PSM) 2nd edition”. This is another significant publication amongst the fraternity of community medicine from the reputed publication house of Jaypee after the official release of IAPSM textbook 1st and 2nd edition.
Person-centred care in dementia: Philosophy and challenges in implementation
Authors: Nandimath Priya T
Published: July 2021

Health care concept is increasingly moving away from medical, task oriented and professional driven model towards a holistic model of health care which values the needs of the persons and centred on the needs of the patients. This shift is described as person centred care. Despite the wide availability of literature, philosophy and evidence on the outcomes of the person centred care, barely it is an ideal in reality. This present article throws light on the philosophy and challenges of person centred care and tries to raise the awareness and understanding about person centred care for people with dementia and explores on the challenges underpinning person-centred care in dementia.

Person centred care means, being “respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions”. Each individual has unique history, personality, values, right to dignity, respect and right to participation. PCC framework emphasises on the assumptions made about the people with dementia, care givers attitude, models and care practices, factors at organisational level, cultural factors as well as structural elements such as lighting and flooring. It is a holistic philosophy across the continuum of services which takes into account the specific needs of each person. The philosophy of person centred care focuses on “the abilities and strength of the person than the losses” and on “the person than on the condition”.

Lack of clarity in understanding person centred care in dementia, lack of research evidence, not valuing the views and needs of people with dementia, organisational culture, task centred care culture, lack of resources.

: To improve quality of life of people with dementia and for the better functioning of the people with dementia there is a need for greater implementation of person centred care. However the challenges in the implementation of person centred care are masking the achievements and positive aspects of the person centred care approach. The challenge ahead for dementia experts is to advocate and raise the awareness and understanding and to provide evidence based solutions in practically implementing person centred care and making it more real in practice than keeping it ideal in literature.
Facial angioedema in young elderly: Rare complication of rare drug
Authors: Khan Saniya , Kumar Sunil , Talwar Dhruv , Annadata Akhilesh , Dubey Ayush
Published: July 2021

Angioedema is an intense often disfiguring but temporary swelling of a localized area which usually involves superficially lying structures like skin, mucosa along with subcutaneous tissues. Areas which are often affected by angioedema have a wide range starting from the face, lips, tongue, pharynx, the supraglottic area and rarely, the subglottic area. It might also effect the gastrointestinal mucous membranes, genitalia, hands and feet. There maybe variety of causes for development of angioedema including various drug intake, insect bites or stings and certain types of food products particularly nuts, milk and eggs. Levamisole is known to have anthelminthic and immunomodulatory properties and is a common contaminant in cocaine due to its mood stimulatory action. Here we report a case of a 60-year-old female who presented with angioedema following ingestion of a drug known as levamisole for its anthelminthic activity.
Segi Hayati dan Tingkat Eksploitasi Rajungan Hijau (Thalamita crenata) di Teluk Kendari
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Kamri Syamsul
Published: July 2021

Rajungan hijau (Thalamita crenata) merupakan salah satu spesies tangkapan sampingan (bycatch) utama perikanan rajungan, dan kajian tentang segi hayati dan tingkat eksploitasinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi ukuran, nisbah kelamin, perkembangan gonad, musim pemijahan, dan tingkat eksploitasi spesies tersebut di Teluk Kendari. Sampel diambil setiap bulan pada lima lokasi pendaratan penangkapan rajungan. Tingkat eksploitasi rajungan hijau dianalisis dengan konversi kurva hasil tangkapan ke panjang dengan FISAT II. Data ditampilkan berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan periode sampling. Ukuran karapas hewan jantan lebih besar daripada betina dan betina oviger, dan nisbah kelaminnya tidak seimbang antara jantan dan betina. Perkembangan gonad hewan jantan, serta ovarium betina, dan betina oviger didominasi yang matang, dan musim pemijahannya berlangsung sepanjang tahun. Tingkat eksploitasi rajungan hijau di Teluk Kendari telah lebih tangkap (overfishing), sehingga perlu dikendalikan penangkapannya.

 

Kata kunci: nisbah kelamin, musim pemijahan, tangkapan sampingan, tingkat eksploitasi, Thalamita crenata
Analisis Kinerja Petugas Pengendali Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan di Kabupaten Subang
Authors: Mahmud Amir , Triwidodo Hermanu , Nurmansyah Ali
Published: July 2021

Petugas pengendali organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) pegawai negri sipil memiliki tugas pokok dan fungsi melakukan pengamatan, pengendalian OPT dan dampak perubahan iklim. Provinsi Jawa Barat hanya memiliki 122 orang petugas pengendali organisme pengganggu tumbuhan pegawai negri sipil, 123 orang petugas pengendali organisme pengganggu tumbuhan tenaga harian lepas yang membawahi 626 kecamatan. Jumlah tersebut setiap tahunnya akan terus berkurang, sehingga wilayah pengamatan setiap petugas akan menjadi lebih luas yang berakibat menurunnya tingkat efisiensi, akurasi, dan efektivitas pengamatan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja petugas POPT di era digital saat ini dalam melakukan pengamatan dan peramalan OPT. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penentuan responden berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling, responden merupakan petugas POPT dengan jumlah 30 petugas. Hasil wawancara dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) menggunakan software Expert Choice. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Petugas pengendali organisme pengganggu tumbuhan di Kabupaten Subang saat ini didominasi petugas yang berumur 21-30 tahun, pendidikan SMK/SMA dan S1, rata-rata pengalaman 5-10 tahun, dan status jabatan fungsional terbesar pada tenaga harian lepas. Analisis AHP menunjukkan kinerja petugas dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor dengan rasio konsistensinya 0,02, yaitu pelaporan dengan bobot prioritas 16%, fasilitas 15,6%, dan pengalaman 13,4%.
Karakter Fisiologi dan Hasil dari Tanaman Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) Pada Perlakuan Pemupukan Fosfat dan Mikoriza
Authors: Wahyunita Nila , Herliana Okti , Fauzi Ahmad , Widarawati Rosi
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to determine phosphate fertilizer and mycorrhiza dosages as well as the interaction of both treatments to the physiological character and the yield of ciplukan plants. The experiment was carried out from February to July 2020 on an experimental farm. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design, consisted of two factors. The first factor was the dose of SP-36 fertilizer, containing 36% phosphate (P2O5), and the levels were P0 = 0% dose (0 kg/ha), P1 = 25% dose (75 kg/ha), P2 = 50% dose (150 kg/ha), and P3 = 100% dose (300 kg/ha). The second factor was the mycorrhizal dose, namely M0 = 0 g, M1 = 3 g, M2 = 6 g, and M3 = 9 g (containing 10 spores per 3 g). Each treatment combination was in triplicates. The measurement and observation data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (F-test), followed by Duncan's multiple range test with P-value = 0.05 and regression. The results showed that application of 75 kg/ha dose was equivalent to the application of 300 kg/ha. P uptakes at 75 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha dose of fertilizer were 22,03 ppm and 23,18 ppm, respectively. The plant growth rate was 12,39 g/cm2/week on the application of 75 kg/ha fertilizer and resulted in 14,24 g/cm2/week on 300 kg/ha dose. The mycorrhiza application was significantly different from the root infection at a dose of 6 g, namely 49.177%. There was an interaction between the dose of SP-36 fertilizer and the mycorrhiza on leaf chlorophyll content at a dose of 0% and 3 g mycorrhiza.   Keywords: Physalis angulata, mychorrhiza, phospate fertilizer, physiological character and yield
EMISSION OF CARBON WARMING THE CLIMATIC CHANGE ADVERSELY AFFECTS THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Parveen Farhat , Mehmood Rana Khalid , Uz-Zaman Qamar , Ali Raza Hafiz
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The paper explores how livestock reveals the warming climatic variations particularly in farming and poultry sub-sectors of agriculture. The rising average temperature of the region has been a challenge during the last two decades which has created many complications and health problems in animals as stress, low reproduction, its consequence as draught, adverse effects on milk and meat production. More consumption of water increases the cost of livestock products. It has altered the temperature of the sea and rivers, emerges the negative effects on the species and creatures of water.

Methodology: To conduct the empirical study on this economic issue the data has been assumed from 1980 to 2014 due to constraints of statistics. Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag model to cointegration (ARDL) was applied on the time series data and the other econometric tests as Error Correction Mechanism, Cumulative sum of Recursive Residual CUSUM and CUSUM sum of Square Test, Bound Test and Diagnostic tests were operated to conclude the results of the research study.

Main findings: The finding of the study is that CO2emission from electricity, gases fuel consumption, and urban population growth raised the average temperature of the region which is discouraging the livestock. Production and increasing the costs of livestock output.

Application of the study: The study is the most appropriate and applicable for this subcontinent especially for Pakistan. 

Originality and novelty of the study: The research study contributes to the agricultural economics literature with advanced information. It suggests the government utilize the planet Badar-1 climatic information and more advanced technology about temperature to formulate comprehensive policies to combat the climatic and environmental changes and more resources are allocated so that international standard of production of livestock can be achieved.
STUDENTS PERCEPTION ABOUT THE ROLE OF INTERVIEW DURING M.PHIL AND PH.D. ADMISSION AT A PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE, PUNJAB-PAKISTAN
Authors: Maqbool Muhammad Adnan , Hashmi Aroona , Hassan Mehboob Ul , Altaf Fasiha
Published: July 2021

Purpose of the Study: Focusing on the importance of the research interview, the researchers planned current qualitative research to explore students’ perceptions about the role of an interview conducted during the selection of M.Phil and Ph.D. admission in one of the public sector University of Lahore, Punjab-Pakistan. Methodology: The researchers adopted qualitative research leading to interpretivism paradigm. This study adopted a phenomenology research design. The researchers selected five M.Phil and five Ph.D. scholars were selected by using purposive technique. The researchers administered a self-constructed interview protocol to collect the data from the respondents. After signing a formal consent letter from participants, the researchers recorded interviews from the respondents in voice recorders and transcribed the interviews word by word. The researchers used thematic analysis approach to analyze the data. Main Findings: The results declared that the majority of the students agreed that personality has a better effect during the interview; slight sensation of nervousness before the interview; disturbed bodily condition before interview panel; friendly, cooperative, and supportive behaviour of interview panel; comfortable environment; enriched institute with qualified foreign faculty; fully confident after the interview for admission; asking of relevant questions and they get admission in to enhance their qualification for getting good-paying job and knowledge. Applications of this study: The results of the current research are applicable in public and private sector universities of Punjab, including district Lahore in which experiential and dynamic teachers are the members of the selection panel. They were aware of students perceptions while conducting interviews and familiar with their exact situations that happened in the committee rooms, as the students/applicant are the real observe of their teachers. Novelty/Originality of this study: This is the innovative and foremost research structured in Pakistani public sector educational institutions in which the authors highlighted the actual situations that happened between the interviewer and the interviewee during M.Phil and Ph.D admission. The authors have also contributed to the existing body of knowledge. The findings of the research have opened the horizon for future researchers to explore the dimension of the interviews focusing on the quantitative and mix-method design on a large sample of the participants.
REALIZAÇÃO DE UM SONHO: O SIGNIFICADO CULTURAL DA GRAVIDEZ PARA GESTANTES ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Demori Carolina Carbonell , Prates Lisie Alende , Gomes Natália Da Silva , Pilger Carolina Heleonora , Cremonese Luiza , Barreto Camila Nunes
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: compreender o significado cultural da gravidez para gestantes adolescentes. Método: trata-se de um estudo de campo, qualitativo, realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da cidade de Santa Maria/RS, entre fevereiro e maio de 2012. Participaram da pesquisa oito gestantes adolescentes que faziam pré-natal na unidade.  A entrevista narrativa foi utilizada na coleta dos dados. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria sob o número do CAAE 00554512.0.0000.5346. Resultados: a partir da análise dos dados emergiram duas categorias: “Sentimentos vividos pelas adolescentes na gravidez” e “Prefiro ser mãe”. As gestantes adolescentes consideram a gravidez como a realização de um sonho. Conclusão: a gravidez nesta etapa de vida pode ser uma escolha individual, e é preciso que esta realidade seja compreendida e desmistificada pela sociedade moderna, principalmente pelos profissionais da saúde.
Pheretima javanica K. Ethanol Extract Granules’ Effects on Eosinophil Level, Immunoglobulin E Level, and Organs Histopathology in Rattus norvegicus B.
Authors: Wahyuni Dwi , Waluyo Joko , Prihatin Jekti , Kusumawardani Fersty Isna , Kurniawan Aditya
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: Traditional medicine that might be useful to treat typhoid fever is earthworms (Pheretima javanica K.). It is important to know whether any substances contained in Pheretima javanica K. extract are toxic and have pharmacological effects, which can be observed from the eosinophil and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in the blood.METHODS: Thirty Rattus norvegicus B. were included in this study and were separated into 5 groups, with 6 rats in each group. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were groups of rats treated with 50, 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg BW of Pheretima javanica K. ethanol extract granules (PJEEG), respectively, while the control group was a group of rats treated with 0.36 mg Ciprofloxacin. The eosinophil number and the IgE concentration were detected. Physical observations were also conducted to detect any allergic symptoms, toxicity symptoms, or histopathological changes.RESULTS: Administration of PJEEG significantly increased the number of eosinophil in every group, from 49.82 cells/μL to 259.26 cells/μL on average (p<0.001). PJEEG did not significantly affect IgE levels (p=0.624). The results showed that the administration did not cause any allergic and toxicity symptoms. Histopathological analysis of rats’ kidneys and liver also showed that the administration had no significant effect on histopathological changes.CONCLUSION: The administration of PJEEG does not cause allergic symptoms, toxicity symptoms, and histopathological changes in rats. The administrations also significantly increase eosinophil number in rats’ blood. However, the concentration of IgE in rats’ blood was not significantly changed after administration of PJEEG.KEYWORDS: allergies, typhoid fever, earthworms, Pheretima javanica K., eosinophil, immunoglobulin E
Priporočila za nekemično zatiranje pelinolistne ambrozije: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
Authors: Paušič Andrej , Lešnik Mario
Published: July 2021

Monografija z nalovom Priporočila za nekemično zatiranje pelinolistne ambrozije Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. holistično obravnava aktualno problematiko zatiranja alohtonih, invazivnih rastlinskih vrst, na primeru pelinolistne ambrozije. V publikaciji so nazorno predstavljene najpomembnejše mehanske metode in tehnike zatiranja ambrozije, učinki samih metod, kakor tudi učinki uporabe ter primerjava med posameznimi tehnikami zatiranja vrste. Posebno poglavje je namenjeno ekonomiki zatiranja plevelov v urbanem okolju, z uporabo metod krtačenja, uporabo ognja, pare ter s pomočjo biotičnih metod zatiranja ambrozije. Prav omenjeni moderni pristopi k zatiranju alohtonih plevelnih vrst so danes, zaradi ukinjanja uporabe številnih herbicidov na javnih površinah, še kako aktualni. Monografija je namenjena kmetijskim svetovalcem, pridelovalcem, ekologom, pa tudi širšemu krogu bralcev.
Factores que dificultan la certificación de operador económico autorizado (OEA) en las agencias de aduana de Lima y Callao en el periodo de años 2012-2019
Authors:   , Chuquipiondo Amézquita Luis Alfonso , Flores Diaz Olga Noemi
Published: July 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir el problema que presentan algunas agencias de aduanas para que se certifiquen como Operadores Económicos Autorizados (OEA) Lima y Callao en el periodo de años 2012-2019. La metodología de investigación que se ha utilizado para la presente tesis es la metodología enfoque cualitativo con carácter explicativo, tiene como objetivo comprender el complejo mundo del comercio exterior y la experiencia que viven los agentes de aduanas. El Análisis de resultados es la falta de conocimiento de los beneficios de la certificación OEA, la capacidad estructural y económica para enfrentar las diferentes auditorias y fiscalizaciones de la Sunat, las agencias de aduanas no logran crear procesos adecuados para mejorar su operatividad aduanera. Se recomienda las agencias de aduanas realicen las modificaciones e inversiones en las infraestructuras de sus empresas para garantizar la seguridad de las cargas de sus clientes, así como también por su capital humano. Además, deben estar alineados a los diferentes reglamentos y las exigencias de las leyes laborales peruanas para generar confianza y buena imagen a sus respectivos clientes para que rentabilice la relación comercial entre agencia de aduana y cliente. Por ello, la investigación se ha estructurado en cinco partes para una mejor comprensión del lector. La primera parte es el “Marco teórico”, que presenta los antecedentes a nivel nacional e internacional, las bases teóricas del comercio internacional, de aduanas, de agente de aduanas y los operadores económicos autorizados, así como los beneficios, los requisitos y el impacto de la certificación como operador económico autorizado en el Perú y el mundo. La segunda parte es el “Plan de Investigación”, donde se plantea la problemática, la hipótesis y los objetivos generales y específicos que se pretenden lograr en la presente tesis. En la tercera parte, “Metodología del trabajo” se expone el tipo de investigación utilizada en el presente estudio y para lo cual se han realizado entrevistas exhaustivas a representantes de las agencias de aduanas que no se encuentran certificadas como agente de OEA - Operador Económico Autorizado en Lima y Callao. En la cuarta parte, “Desarrollo de la tesis”, se realiza el análisis de los datos recolectados en las entrevistas, a fin de obtener los resultados y las respuestas más relevantes a las preguntas planteadas, que permitirán cumplir con el objetivo principal de esta investigación y aportar a la teoría existente. En la quinta y última parte, se presenta la “Discusión y Análisis de resultados”, se plasman las conclusiones obtenidas.
Feature Selection Based on Divergence Functions: A Comparative Classiffication Study
Authors: Pourmand Saeid , Shabbak Ashkan , Ganjali Mojtaba
Published: July 2021

Due to the extensive use of high-dimensional data and its application in a wide range of scientifc felds of research, dimensionality reduction has become a major part of the preprocessing step in machine learning. Feature selection is one procedure for reducing dimensionality. In this process, instead of using the whole set of features, a subset is selected to be used in the learning model. Feature selection (FS) methods are divided into three main categories: flters, wrappers, and embedded approaches. Filter methods only depend on the characteristics of the data, and do not rely on the learning model at hand. Divergence functions as measures of evaluating the differences between probability distribution functions can be used as flter methods of feature selection. In this paper, the performances of a few divergence functions such as Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence and Exponential divergence (EXP) are compared with those of some of the most-known flter feature selection methods such as Information Gain (IG) and Chi-Squared (CHI). This comparison was made through accuracy rate and F1-score of classifcation models after implementing these feature selection methods.
The Determination of Aromatic Character of Several Local Rice Varieties using Phenotypic Analysis and Molecular DNA
Authors: Fanata Wahyu Indra Duwi , Husna Syafira Fatihatul
Published: July 2021

The pandan scent in aromatic rice has been known as the result of 8 bp deletions and 3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPS) in BADH2 gene, which produce non-functional betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) enzyme. Several DNA markers for aromatic character based on mutation in BADH2 gene have been developed. In our experiment, we analysed the presence of aromatic character in four local rice variety such as Merah Wangi, Pendok, Genjah Arum, and Mentik Wangi Susu using KOH method and DNA molecular method using three DNA markers to detect mutation that responsible for the development of aromatic character. Phenotype analysis using KOH method showed that Merah Wangi, Genjah Arum, and Mentik Wangi Susu produce pandan scents. PCR analysis using Bradbury and Badex7-5, and RM223 markers showed the presence of BADH2 mutation in Merah Wangi and Mentik Wangi Susu, whereas Pendok and Genjah Arum did not show BADH2 mutation using those used three markers. Our results indicate that among four investigated local rice, only Merah Wangi and Mentik Wangi Susu are categorized as aromatic rice whereas Pendok and Genjah Arum are non-aromatic.Keywords: genetic analysis, aromatic rice, specific markers, genetic mutation.
A Comparison of Principal Component Analysis and Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis in Bank Health Ratio
Authors: Firdaus Firdaus , Nugroho Sigit , Widodo Haryo
Published: July 2021

The use of factor analysis methods to reduce variable dimensions is generally known and has been used in various disciplines. The two famous extraction methods of factor analysis are principal component analysis and maximum likelihood. This study aimed to compare both, principal component analysis and maximum likelihood. By their constructed matrix correlation, applied to bank financial ratios. The study is developed from an initial set of 22 ratios of healthy indexed banks. The use of bank financial data aims to identify the structure of the financial ratio of healthy indexed banks. There are 10 variables satisfying the criteria of factor analysis techniques to be considered in the analysis. Both principal component analysis and maximum likelihood suggest three factors that can be used to represent 10 variables.Keywords: factor analysis; principal component analysis; maximum likelihood; financial ratios; bank health.
The Influence of Various Growth Regulators on Induction Organogenic Callus from Gajah and Kuning Cassava Genotype (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Rahman Nurhamidar , Fitriani Hani , Rahman Nurhaidar , Hartati N. Sri
Published: July 2021

Kuning and Gajah genotypes are two collections of cassava in the Biotechnology Research Center for Germplasm, LIPI with the advantages of each genotype are high beta carotene and high production. The multiplication in in vitro culture can be done one of them through organogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using 2,4-D; NAA and Kinetin are used singly for the formation of organogenesis of cassava in the Kuning Cassava and Gajah genotypes. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Modification of Plant Biosynthetic Pathways, Biteknologi Research Center, LIPI, Bogor since January - February 2018. The source of explants were young leaves and petiols from cassava plant culture in vitro genotypes of Gajah and Kuning yam which were three months old. in culture. The basic media used as a planting medium were Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with the addition of growth regulators (ZPT) singly, 2,4-D, NAA and Kinetin with two concentrations of ZPT each, 8 and 10 mg L- 1 This research was arranged based on a completely randomized design factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors. All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and if there is an influence then proceed with the DMRT test with an error rate of 5% using the SPSS program. The highest number of Kuning genotype cassava organogenic callus that developed into shoots on the medium added by ZPT was 2.4 D and kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Formation of the best organogenic callus in petiol explants in the media with the addition of a single 2,4-D and Kinetin with the same concentration of 8 mg L-1. Keywords: Cassava, growth regulators, organogenic.
Initial Experiences of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Trauma Patients at a Single Regional Trauma Center in South Korea
Authors: Ko Ji Wool , Park Il Hwan , Byun Chun Sung , Jang Sung Woo , Jung Pil Young
Published: July 2021

Purpose For severe lung injuries or acute respiratory distress syndrome that occurs during critical care due to trauma, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be used as a salvage treatment. This study aimed to describe the experiences at a single center with the use of ECMO in trauma patients. Methods We enrolled a total of 25 trauma patients who were treated with ECMO between January 2015 and December 2019 at a regional trauma center. We analyzed and compared patients’ characteristics between survivors and non-survivors through a medical chart review. We also compared the characteristics of patients between direct and indirect lung injury groups. Results The mean age of the 25 patients was 45.9±19.5 years, and 19 patients (76.0%) were male. The mean Injury Severity Score was 26.1±10.1. Ten patients (40.0%) had an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 3 score of 4, and six patients (24.0%) had an AIS 3 score of 5. There were 19 cases (76.6%) of direct lung injury. The mortality rate was 60.0% (n=15). Sixteen patients (64.0%) received a loading dose of heparin for the initiation of ECMO. There was no significant difference in heparin use between the survivors and non-survivors (70% in survivors vs. 60% in non-survivors, p=0.691). When comparing the direct and indirect lung injury groups, there were no significant differences in variables other than age and ECMO onset time. Conclusions If more evidence is gathered, risk factors and indications will be identified and we expect that more trauma patients will receive appropriate treatment with ECMO.
La orientación emprendedora del fundador y el éxito en la internacionalización de la empresa
Authors: Forcadell Francisco Javier , Úbeda Fernando
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza el papel que juega la orientación emprendedora individual (OEI) en el éxito de las iniciativas empresariales internacionales. Además, argumentamos que la experiencia emprendedora constituye una de las principales fuentes de OEI. Las hipótesis se analizan empíricamente utilizando un panel de 22 años de pymes familiares. Nuestros resultados confirman las hipótesis y proporcionan una mejor comprensión del papel de la OEI en el éxito de estrategias corporativas como la internacionalización. Específicamente, la OEI mejora indirectamente el desempeño de la empresa al aumentar la velocidad de internacionalización.
El uso de los INCOTERMS en las exportaciones españolas
Authors: Ibarra-Mendoza Jorge Luis , Suárez-Ortega Sonia María
Published: July 2021

Según las estadísticas comerciales de la Organización Mundial del Comercio, el valor de las exportaciones mundiales de mercancías pasó de 2,03 billones de dólares en 1980 a 18,26 billones en 2011, lo cual evidencia que el número y la complejidad de las transacciones entre empresas de distintos países es cada vez mayor, y por ende las controversias inherentes a cualquier negocio internacional. Una herramienta eficaz son los INCOTERMS, sobre los cuales gira el presente trabajo. Qué son, por qué son importantes y cuál es su uso en las exportaciones españolas son algunas de las cuestiones que responde este artículo.
Pengaruh Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Hasil Riset Eksakta Vs Sosial: Studi Pada Repository Unair
Authors: Adi Prasetyo
Published: July 2021

Perguruan tinggi di Indonesia diwajibkan untuk meggalakkan riset. Karya ilmiah merupakan salah satu bentuk riset untuk menentukan peringkat suatu universitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi apakh dampak pandemi covid-19 berpengaruh pada jumlah publikasi  karya ilmiah eksak dan ilmu sosial. Studi ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif berbasis survey. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diambil dari website repository UNAIR. Sampel penelitian ini yakni karya ilmiah yang dipublikasikan oleh Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis (FEB) dan Fakultas Sains & Teknologi (FST) selama tahun 2019 dan 2020. Hasil studi ini menemukan bahwa pandemic berpengaruh pada tingkat publikasi, dimana jumalh publikasi pada mahasiswa FST turun lebih dari separuh. Mahasiswa FEB juga mengalami penurunan dalam publikasi, kecuali pada jurusan magister ilmu ekonomi. Selain itu, jumlah serta skala publikasi pada FEB lebih besar dibandingkan FST. Hal ini dikarenakan ilmu ekonomi mempunyai lingkup yang lebih luas dan fleksibel jika dibandingkan FST untuk diteliti.
Vertical Distribution of Aerosols During Deep-convective Event in the Himalaya Using WRF-Chem Model at Convection Permitting Scale
Authors: Singh Prashant , Sarawade Pradip , Adhikary Bhupesh
Published: July 2021

The Himalayan region is facing frequent cloud burst and flood events during the summer monsoon e.g., Kedarnath flood of 2013. It was one of the most devastating event which claimed thousands of human lives, heavy infrastructure and economic losses. Fast moving monsoon, pre-existing westerlies, and orographic uplifting was reported as the major reason for cloud burst over Kedarnath in previous research. Our study illustrates the vertical distribution of aerosols during this event and its possible role using Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) simulations. Model performance evaluation shows that simulations can capture the spatial and temporal pattern of observed precipitation during this event. Model simulation at 25km and 4km horizontal grid resolution without any changes in physical parameterization shows very minimal average difference in precipitation. Whereas simulation at convection permitting scale shows de-tailed information related to parcel motion compared to coarser resolution simulation. This indicates parameterization at different resolution needs to examine for better outcome. The result shows up to 20-50% changes in rain over area near Kedarnath due to the presence of aerosols. The simulation at both resolution shows significant vertical transport of natural (increases by 50%+) and anthropo-genic aerosols (increases by 200%+) during the convective event. Which leads to significant changes in cloud property, rain concentration and ice concentration in presence of aerosols. Due to aero-sol–radiation feedback, the important instability indices like convective available potential energy, convective inhibition energy, vorticity etc. shows changes near Kedarnath.
Physiological, Epigenetic, and Genetic Regulation of Vegetative Phase Change and Rejuvenation in Plants
Authors: Raihan Tajbir , Geneve Robert L. , Perry Sharyn E. , Lopez Carlos M. Rodriguez
Published: July 2021

In contrast to animals, adult organs in plants are not determined during embryogenesis but gen-erated from meristematic cells as plants advance through development. Plant development in-volves a succession of different phenotypic stages and the transition between these stages is termed phase transition. Phase transitions need to be tightly regulated and coordinated to ensure they occur under optimal seasonal, environmental conditions. Polycarpic perennials transition through vegetative stages and the mature, reproductive stage many times during their lifecycles and, in both perennial and annual species, environmental factors and culturing methods can re-verse the otherwise unidirectional vector of plant development. Epigenetic factors regulating gene expression in response to internal cues and external (environmental) stimuli influencing the plant’s phenotype and development have been shown to control phase transitions. How develop-mental and environmental cues interact to epigenetically alter gene expression and influence these transitions are not well understood and understanding this interaction is important considering the current climate change scenarios, since epigenetic maladaptation could have catastrophic con-sequences for perennial plants in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Here we review studies focussing on the epigenetic regulators of the vegetative phase change and highlight how these mechanisms might act in exogenously induced plant rejuvenation and regrowth following stress.
FARMING IN FISHING COMMUNITIES IN JAPAN CASE STUDY IN THE SANRIKU REGION
Authors: Yoshino Keiko , Kawaguchi Tatsuya
Published: July 2021

Farming in fishing communities has been little investigated in Japan up to now. Agriculture and fisheries are sectionalized and treated as different industries, and the farming situations in fishing households have not been studied statistically since 2003. For this paper, the ways in which farming in Japanese fishing communities has changed was investigated. Farming in fishing communities will be described, looking at cases from the Sanriku region, and the meaning of farming in fishing communities will be explored. According to the fisheries census, 68% of fishing households owned farmland in 1953. In 2003, only 11% of fishing households were also engaged in farming (hereinafter referred to as fishing-cum-farming households). In the Sanriku region, fishing-cum-farming households were more than 80% of farming households in 1968. By 2003, the percentages had decreased to 15% and below. For fishing-cum-farming households, whether one owns paddy fields or not is significant because rice has been the dominant staple food in Japan. It was fortunate for fishermen to live in communities where paddies could be cultivated, but paddy fields were owned by a limited number of households. The total area of paddy fields increased as the northern limit of paddy production was extended.
ANTROPOCENTRISM EPIDEMIC: THE STUDY OF SOCIAL ACTION OF COMMUNITY TO THE ENVIRONMENT OF JENEBERANG RIVER
Authors: Sabar Hikmawaty , Salman Darmawan , A.T. M. Ramli
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, the global environmental crisis is caused by fundamental philosophical errors in understanding the human way of thinking about themselves, their relation with nature, and their place in the whole ecosystem. In turn, these misconceptions lead to wrong actions. This research aims to comprehensively study the description of the anthropocentric actions of a community about the environment of the Jeneberang River. The approach used in this research is qualitative with a phenomenology method. The result of this research indicates that anthropocentric actions prioritize the desire to fulfill life's needs as if they are free to do anything with nature without considering the preservation and the balanced management of the Jeneberang River environment. There were some community anthropocentric actions found in Jeneberang River community, namely, the establishment of residence, garbage disposal, and storage of stockpiles, the establishment of the brick industry, clearing area for agricultural land, various kinds of entrepreneurial activities, and sand mining activities (have been dismissed since 2015). These actions critically impact the condition of Jeneberang River, worsening problems such as river water pollution, the silt of the river, and flash floods that happened at the beginning of 2019.
IDENTIFYING THE BEST DECENTRALIZED RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN NEPAL
Authors: Thapa Rana Bahadur , Upreti Bishnu Raj , Devkota Durga , Pokharel Govind Raj
Published: July 2021

Access to electricity is generally recognized as an important factor for economic and social development. Moreover, the world energy consumption depends on the use of limited resources like fossil fuels that induce adverse impact on the environment and society. As an alternative, renewable energies turn into crucial alternative energy ensuring sustainable energy needs and taking care of society, economy and the environment. In order to combat such issues, the United Nations has declared universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy for by 2030. In many cases, different types of renewable energy systems are being developed to serve energy need without considering the best alternative. Thus, this paper tries to prioritize the installed Decentralized Renewable Energy (DRE) systems for rural electrification in Nepal by analyzing nineteen sustainability indicators related to four sustainability dimensions - technical, social, economic and environmental. An Analytical Hierarchy Process-Online Software (AHP-OS) model is used for ranking various DRE systems. Suitable goals, criteria, sub-criteria, and alternatives are developed after reviewing pertinent literature and consultation of the experts. The results reveal that micro-hydropower is the best electrification option followed by the solar home system, solar mini-grid, and wind-solar hybrid for decentralized electrification in Nepal. Biomass is found to be the least prioritized alternative in Nepal. The outcome of the research can help the policy-makers and decision-makers in shaping energy policies, plans, and programs, and foster sustainable energy development in the country. Similarly, the relevant stakeholders will be benefited by improving their products and services in the future.
RURAL ARCHITECTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY: LEARNING FROM THE PAST
Authors: Ozorhon Ilker Fatih , Ozorhon Guliz
Published: July 2021

Traditional rural living environments have the potential to be instructive in numerous ways. Rural settlements, which are often created with a minimum of effort and have been around for thousands of years, can be a template for living environments of tomorrow. Starting off with that proposition, this paper goes on to emphasize the importance of examining the characteristics of traditional rural settlements in the context of sustainability. The article aims to analyze and thus improve our understanding of rural settlements, and in the process of doing so, it produces and reproduces knowledge within the field of sustainability. A model consisting of multiple layers was applied through the sampling of a particular rural-traditional settlement (Taraklı), thereby shedding light on the relationship between the settlement and the parameters of environmental sustainability. In that model, three main methods of learning from traditional architecture were proposed: (1) Learning From Vernacular Architecture (LF-VA) through existing settlements; (2) Learning From Experience (LF-E) through those who have learned from vernacular approaches; and, (3) Learning from Research (LF-R). Through the use of that model, the data obtained constitutes a holistic pool of information. The basic facts articulated in this pool are models, concepts and theories, and the prominent concepts include documentation, conservation, adaptation and innovation. As a result of the analysis based on the model, the relationship of the physical characteristics of the rural-traditional settlement exemplified in the article with the environmental sustainability parameters has been illustrated systematically. In the literature, the products of rural architecture generally exist with identification and documentation studies. In this article, the relationship between rural architecture and sustainability is discussed in the context of learning from the past and it is shown through an existing settlement.