bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Nonword Repetition to Identify Language Impairment in Bilingual Children: A Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Ortiz José A.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Nonword repetition has been endorsed as a less biased method of assessment for children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, but there are currently no systematic reviews or meta-analyses on its use with bilingual children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of nonword repetition in the identification of language impairment (LI) in bilingual children.

Method

Using a key word search of peer-reviewed literature from several large electronic databases, as well as ancestral and forward searches, 13 studies were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Studies were evaluated on the basis of quality of evidence, design characteristics, and reported diagnostic accuracy. A meta-regression analysis, based on study results, was conducted to identify task characteristics that may be associated with better classification accuracy.

Results

Diagnostic accuracy across studies ranged from poor to good. Bilingual children with LI performed with more difficulty on nonword repetition tasks than those with typical language. Quasi-universal tasks, which account for the phonotactic constraints of multiple languages, exhibited better diagnostic accuracy and resulted in less misidentification of children with typical language than language-specific tasks.

Conclusions

Evidence suggests that nonword repetition may be a useful tool in the assessment and screening of LI in bilingual children, though it should be used in conjunction with other measures. Quasi-universal tasks demonstrate the potential to further reduce assessment bias, but extant research is limited.
J-PLUS: A first glimpse at the spectrophotometry of asteroids
Authors: Morate David , Marcio Carvano Jorge , Alvarez-Candal Alvaro , De Prá Mário , Licandro Javier , Galarza Andrés , Mahlke Max , Solano-Márquez Enrique , Cenarro Javier , Cristóbal-Hornillos David , Hernández-Monteagudo Carlos , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Marín-Franch Antonio , Moles Mariano , Varela Jesús , Vázquez Ramió Héctor , Alcaniz Jailson , Dupke Renato , Ederoclite Alessandro , Sodré Laerte , Angulo Raul E. , Jiménez-Esteban Francisco M. , Siffert Beatriz B. ,   J-PLUS Collaboration
Published: July 2021

Context. The Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) is an observational campaign that aims to obtain photometry in 12 ultraviolet-visible filters (0.3−1 μm) over ∼8500 deg2 of the sky observable from Javalambre (Teruel, Spain). Due to its characteristics and observation strategy, this survey will allow a great number of Solar System small bodies to be analyzed, and with improved spectrophotometric resolution with respect to previous large-area photometric surveys in optical wavelengths.

Aims. The main goal of the present work is to present the first catalog of magnitudes and colors of minor bodies of the Solar System compiled using the first data release (DR1) of the J-PLUS observational campaign: the Moving Objects Observed from Javalambre (MOOJa) catalog.

Methods. Using the compiled photometric data we obtained very-low-resolution reflectance (photo)spectra of the asteroids. We first used a σ-clipping algorithm in order to remove outliers and clean the data. We then devised a method to select the optimal solar colors in the J-PLUS photometric system. These solar colors were computed using two different approaches: on one hand, we used different spectra of the Sun convolved with the filter transmissions of the J-PLUS system, and on the other, we selected a group of solar-type stars in the J-PLUS DR1 according to their computed stellar parameters. Finally, we used the solar colors to obtain the reflectance spectra of the asteroids.

Results. We present photometric data in the J-PLUS filters for a total of 3122 minor bodies (3666 before outlier removal), and we discuss the main issues with the data, as well as some guidelines to solve them.
Induced differential rotation and mixing in asynchronous binary stars
Authors: Koenigsberger G. , Moreno E. , Langer N.
Published: July 2021

Context. Rotation contributes to internal mixing processes and observed variability in massive stars. A significant number of binary stars are not in strict synchronous rotation, including all eccentric systems. This leads to a tidally induced and time-variable differential rotation structure.

Aims. We present a method for exploring the rotation structure of asynchronously rotating binary stars.

Methods. The method consists of solving the equations of motion of a 3D grid of volume elements located above the rigidly rotating core of a binary star in the presence of gravitational, centrifugal, Coriolis, gas pressure and viscous forces to obtain the angular velocity as a function of the three spatial coordinates and time. The method is illustrated for a short period massive binary in a circular orbit and in an eccentric orbit.

Results. We find that for a fixed set of stellar and orbital parameters, the induced rotation structure and its temporal variability depend on the degree of departure from synchronicity. In eccentric systems, the structure changes over the orbital cycle with maximum amplitudes occurring potentially at orbital phases other than periastron passage. We discuss the possible role of the time-dependent tidal flows in enhancing the mixing efficiency and speculate that, in this context, slowly rotating asynchronous binaries could have more efficient mixing than the analogous more rapidly rotating but tidally locked systems. We find that some observed nitrogen abundances depend on the orbital inclination, which, if real, would imply an inhomogeneous chemical distribution over the stellar surface or that tidally induced spectral line variability, which is strongest near the equator, affects the abundance determinations. Our models predict that, neglecting other angular momentum transfer mechanisms, a pronounced initial differential rotation structure converges toward average uniform rotation on the viscous timescale.

Conclusions. A broader perspective of binary star structure, evolution and variability can be gleaned by taking into account the processes that are triggered by asynchronous rotation.
CARMENES input catalog of M dwarfs
Authors: Perdelwitz V. , Mittag M. , Tal-Or L. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Caballero J. A. , Jeffers S. V. , Reiners A. , Schweitzer A. , Trifonov T. , Ribas I. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Seifert W. , Cifuentes C. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Montes D. , Revilla D. , Skrzypinski S. L.
Published: July 2021

Context. Radial-velocity (RV) jitter caused by stellar magnetic activity is an important factor in state-of-the-art exoplanet discovery surveys such as CARMENES. Stellar rotation, along with heterogeneities in the photosphere and chromosphere caused by activity, can result in false-positive planet detections. Hence, it is necessary to determine the stellar rotation period and compare it to any putative planetary RV signature. Long-term measurements of activity indicators such as the chromospheric emission in the Ca II H&K lines (RHK′) enable the identification of magnetic activity cycles.

Aims. In order to determine stellar rotation periods and study the long-term behavior of magnetic activity of the CARMENES guaranteed time observations (GTO) sample, it is advantageous to extract RHK′ time series from archival data, since the CARMENES spectrograph does not cover the blue range of the stellar spectrum containing the Ca II H&K lines.

Methods. We have assembled a catalog of 11 634 archival spectra of 186 M dwarfs acquired by seven different instruments covering the Ca II H&K regime: ESPaDOnS, FEROS, HARPS, HIRES, NARVAL, TIGRE, and UVES. The relative chromospheric flux in these lines, RHK′, was directly extracted from the spectra by rectification with PHOENIX synthetic spectra via narrow passbands around the Ca II H&K line cores.

Results. The combination of archival spectra from various instruments results in time series for 186 stars from the CARMENES GTO sample. As an example of the use of the catalog, we report the tentative discovery of three previously unknown activity cycles of M dwarfs.

Conclusions. We conclude that the method of extracting $ R_{\mathrm{HK}}^\prime $
with the use of model spectra yields consistent results for different instruments and that the compilation of this catalog will enable the analysis of long-term activity time series for a large number of M dwarfs.
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)
Authors: Brusa M. , Urrutia T. , Toba Y. , Buchner J. , Li J.-Y. , Liu T. , Perna M. , Salvato M. , Merloni A. , Musiimenta B. , Nandra K. , Wolf J. , Arcodia R. , Dwelly T. , Georgakakis A. , Goulding A. , Matsuoka Y. , Nagao T. , Schramm M. , Silverman J. D. , Terashima Y.
Published: July 2021

Theoretical models of the co-evolution of galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) ascribe an important role in the feedback process to a short, luminous, obscured, and dust-enshrouded phase during which the accretion rate of the supermassive black hole is expected to be at its maximum and the associated AGN-driven winds are also predicted to be maximally developed. To test this scenario, we have isolated a textbook candidate from the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) obtained within the performance and verification program of the eROSITA telescope on board the Spectrum Röntgen Gamma mission. From an initial catalogue of 246 hard X-ray selected sources that are matched with the photometric and spectroscopic information available within the eROSITA and Hyper Suprime-Cam consortia, three candidates quasars in the feedback phase have been isolated applying a diagnostic proposed previously. Only one source (eFEDS J091157.4+014327) has a spectrum already available (from SDSS-DR16,z= 0.603) and it unambiguously shows abroad component (full width at half maximum ~1650 kms−1) in the [OIII]5007 line. The associated observedL[OIII]is ~2.6 × 1042erg s−1, one to two orders of magnitude higher than that observed in local Seyfert galaxies and comparable to those observed in a sample ofz~ 0.5 type 1 quasars. From the multi-wavelength data available, we derive an Eddington ratio (Lbol/LEdd) of ~0.25 and a bolometric correction in the hard X-ray band ofkbol~10, which is lower than the corrections observed for objects at similar bolometric luminosity. These properties, along with the outflow, the high X-ray luminosity, the moderate X-ray obscuration (LX∽1044.8erg s−1,NH∽2.7 × 1022cm−2), and the red optical colour, all match the prediction of quasars in the feedback phase from merger-driven models. Forecasting to the full eROSITA all-sky survey with its spectroscopic follow-up, we predict that by the end of 2024, we will have a sample of few hundred such objects atz= 0.5–2.
Ti I lines at 2.2 μm as probes of the cooler regions of sunspots
Authors: Smitha H. N. , Castellanos Durán J. S. , Solanki S. K. , Tiwari S. K.
Published: July 2021

Context. The sunspot umbra harbours the coolest plasma on the solar surface due to the presence of strong magnetic fields. The atomic lines that are routinely used to observe the photosphere have weak signals in the umbra and are often swamped by molecular lines. This makes it harder to infer the properties of the umbra, especially in the darkest regions.

Aims. The lines of the Ti I multiplet at 2.2 μm are formed mainly at temperatures ≤4500 K and are not known to be affected by molecular blends in sunspots. Since the first systematic observations in the 1990s, these lines have been seldom observed due to the instrumental challenges involved at these longer wavelengths. We revisit these lines and investigate their formation in different solar features.

Methods. We synthesized the Ti I multiplet using a snapshot from 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of a sunspot and explored the properties of two of its lines in comparison with two commonly used iron lines, at 6302.5 Å and 1.5648 μm.

Results. We find that the Ti I lines have stronger signals than the Fe I lines in both intensity and polarization in the sunspot umbra and in penumbral spines. They have little to no signal in the penumbral filaments and the quiet Sun, at μ = 1. Their strong and well-split profiles in the dark umbra are less affected by stray light. Consequently, inside the sunspot, it is easier to invert these lines and to infer the atmospheric properties as compared to the iron lines.

Conclusions. The Cryo-NIRSP instrument at the DKIST will provide the first-ever high-resolution observations in this wavelength range. In this preparatory study, we demonstrate the unique temperature and magnetic sensitivities of the Ti multiplet by probing the Sun’s coolest regions, which are not favourable for the formation of other commonly used spectral lines. We thus expect such observations to advance our understanding of sunspot properties.
Problems of underwater cultural heritage research in the context of the Baltic Sea drainage basin ecology
Authors: Asadov Babek , Baranov Alexander , Baranova Sofiia , Bobrova Anastasiia , Philippova Inga
Published: July 2021

The article considers key issues of the underwater cultural heritage and the ways to reveal investigate and preserve it. Due to the lack of knowledge of the problem, the authors have developed a method that allows detecting the potential of the object in order to obtain the status of underwater cultural heritage in the future. These eventual objects are based on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The Baltic Drainage Sea is on the top of this List by the total number of these sites. The authors paid great attention to mark the wreck influence on ecological condition of the sea and they noticed the need of environmental monitoring. As a solution of some issues of preserving underwater cultural heritage. The term “ecology of underwater heritage” was proposed, as well as examples of international cooperation on the integration of environmental and archaeological underwater research.
Rational use of the natural potential of subarctic regions for sustainable territorial development
Authors: Kuznetsova Vera , Kuznetsova Elza , Kushanova Aliya
Published: July 2021

The issues of food security and sustainable development of territories are of particular relevance nowadays. From this perspective, analyzing the sustainable use of the natural potential of regions is a priority for the global scientific community. The challenges of improving food security and achieving sustainable territorial development in the subarctic regions are particularly significant against the backdrop of ongoing changes in the natural and climatic conditions. Sustainable development of the subarctic regions requires the sustainable use of natural resources, preservation of natural potential, access to natural and cultural treasures, and consideration of the interests and opinions of the population and businesses in the planning of the social and economic development of the territories. This paper presents a plan for the establishment of a peasant (farm) enterprise located in the subarctic region. The profitability of the peasant (farm) enterprise in question was 18%, with a payback period of 5.5 years. The results of the study can be used in the implementation of regional SME development programmes.
Problems and prospects of import substitution in Russia: methodological approaches
Authors: Bozo Natalia , Maslov Mikhail , Tsoy Marina , Shchekoldin Vladislav , Petrov Sergey
Published: July 2021

At present, the role of Russia in the world economy is mainly associated with the supply of various raw materials to world markets, the share of which in the volume of Russian exports is more than 80%. At the same time, there is a rather significant processing sector of the economy in Russia. Since inertial development is aimed at simplifying the nature of the Russian economy and consolidating its raw material orientation, the development of manufacturing industries, at least at first, should be associated with protectionist measures and an active role of the state. The paper examines the existing approaches to the study of the problem of combining the principle of free trade and protectionist measures proposed by Russian and foreign authors and describes the methodological aspects of assessing the current state and prospects of implementing the import substitution policy in Russia.
An innovation ecosystem for for-profit medical services at a university medical centre: research and sustainable development
Authors: Altunina Varvara , Shcherbinina Liubov , Lukyanova Natalia
Published: July 2021

This article presents the results of research and development of an innovation ecosystem for for-profit medical services provided to residents of the Kaliningrad region at the medical centre of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University. These services contribute to the sustainable development of regional healthcare in line with the current green growth trends. A universal model of an ecosystem for providing medical services to residents of a region is proposed, along with a model for a platform ecosystem of a university medical centre. The desk and field marketing research enabled the first stage of ecosystem creation – the formation of the value proposition, which is the provision of “complex case” medical services. This approach to medical care will preserve regional human resources and encourage residents to pay more attention to their health, the environment, and natural resources. Another positive result will be harmonising the environmental needs of society with global trends in sustainability and green growth.
Financial instability as a sustained export growth limiting factor of the Russian far east regions
Authors: Yakimova Vilena
Published: July 2021

The paper analyses the export dynamics of the Russian Far East regions in the context of cyclical business activity. A multi-regression model with lag variables is formed during correlation-regression analysis, since a tendency for a lagging export reaction in response to fluctuations in financial instability indicators was revealed. The analysis showed that exports are influenced by factors of economic activity, fluctuations in real exchange rates, oil prices and levels of external debt relative to GDP. During the crisis, there was a short-term pattern of growth, but in the subsequent period, the decline in the output of exporters, the shortage of financial resources, the increase in the cost of materials and other costs led to a reduction in the sales of products for export. Financial instability is becoming the main source of financial risk for exporters, requiring regional government intervention and business support mechanisms.
Impact of public investment on the quality of human capital
Authors: Makarycheva I.V. , Shishkanova G.A.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the importance of the problem of human capital formation. Human capital is a multifaceted concept that gives the greatest return in a modern economy. It is measurable. Since 1990, the World Bank has published annual reports on its dynamics, having developed a special index called the Human Development Index. In 1990, when the index was measured for the first time, the Russian Federation was in 49th place in the ranking, but subsequently dropped to 65. Last year we were able to move up to 41st place. The authors trace the dynamics of government investment in human capital and the final result, which is reflected in places in the world ranking. In the nineties of the twentieth century, the Russian Federation was in a deep crisis, investments in human capital were negative, so the place in the HDI rating dropped. Currently, a number of government programs aimed at the development of human capital are being implemented, and they are paying off.
Culture and education as a binding condition for harmonious personal development
Authors: Sukhorukov Viacheslav , Gladkiy Yuriy
Published: July 2021

The exclusive role of culture and education in the modern strategy of sustainable development is emphasized. For so many centuries, culture and education had a distinct flavor of luxury and were available, as a rule, to a select few. Currently, there is a widespread expansion of culture and education, and indicators of upbringing and training have become the primary condition for the sustainable existence of society and the individual. The question arises: what is the hidden primacy of culture and education today? The authors call the answer to it moral postulates and enlightenment, which affect not only the human mind, but feelings and soul, giving rise to desires and actions that obey the will. It is concluded that ideals, beliefs and other qualitative characteristics of a person are the main regulators of sustainable social life. Thus, the role of culture and education is to implement social harmony and ensure the quality of life of people.
Popularization of shooting sports as a means of introducing young people to a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Moiseeva Olga , Filippova Olga , Moiseev Egor
Published: July 2021

In modern society, the problem of value orientation of young people to a healthy lifestyle is discussed. Today, the importance of a healthy lifestyle is recognized as a factor of the national security of the state. Introduction to a healthy lifestyle is possible through sports. Often young people, realizing the need to lead a healthy lifestyle, refuse to participate in sports life for fear of failure, lack of the necessary physical ability. Therefore, the popularization of shooting sports, in our opinion, should be aimed at involving young people who may not have succeeded in other sports. The attractiveness of shooting sports is also evident in the fact that there are no strict age limits. It is necessary to analyze the existing approaches to the popularization of shooting sports by the Shooting Sports Federation of Russia (SSR) to identify ways to increase interest in these sports among young people.
Cultural tourism: topical issues in the context of cultural and historical memory
Authors: Kashchenko Tatiana L. , Polozhentseva Irina V.
Published: July 2021

The authors follow up the issues of cultural tourism in their relationship with cultural and historical heritage in the context of education of young people. The methods of cultural and historical analysis, forecasting, method of expert assessment, sociological methods are used at the article. Emphasizing the importance of cultural heritage in the globalizing world, the authors consider it as a factor of collective identity formation, which is important for national stability and safety ensuring. In the authors’ opinion the absolute demand for the preservation of cultural and natural heritage for future generation with awareness of not only economic but social benefit of its preservation should be the long-term strategy of modern cultural policy in the Russian Federation. They focus on objects of city architecture and the urban environment as triggers of cultural memory and territorial (local) identity. Based on the opinion poll data among first-year students of K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (FCU) the authors highlight the main issues of updating cultural and historical heritage as a means of young people education: the formation of young people’s interest in the history of the culture of their region and the country as a whole; providing of the assess to cultural values; education of careful attitude towards cultural and natural monuments, respect for the authenticity and diversity of cultural values of Russia and mankind; training in anti-vandal non-destructive behavior; involving in active participation of protection of cultural heritage monuments; popularization of tourism culture among the younger generation including the development of a training system for organizers of youth tourism (volunteers).
Peculiarities of the transition to the methodological type of university education in different cultures
Authors: Savelyev Mikhail , Savelyeva Marina , Pushina Natalia , Gruzdeva Tatiana , Savchenko Andrey
Published: July 2021

It was pointed out that there is a need to move from expert to methodological culture in higher professional education. The essence of this way of education is not knowledge about entities, but patterns and tools for knowledge management. The importance of the development of a methodological culture for creating growth areas inside and outside the existing education system and for a fundamental change in the management system of universities is emphasized. The basic models of universities are investigated by the structural method based on the matrix of values of the key cultures of the world. The search for mechanisms of transition to higher methodological education in Russian culture has been carried out. One of the mechanisms of such transformations is the transition to the authentic Russian culture when students select professors and inversed process when professors select students and universities’ leadership by the locals.
Methodology for assessing the rates of reproduction social infrastructure of agriculture
Authors: Ivanova Tatiana , Saiganov Anatoly , Sorokin Oleg , Kuznetsova Elvira , Petrova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

The article developed a methodology for assessing the rate of reproduction of the social infrastructure of agriculture. For this, a list of indicators has been defined that characterize the rural social infrastructure of the Russian Federation for 2009-2018; their analysis was carried out and index values were determined; formulas for calculating three integral indicators have been developed, reflecting the commissioning of objects of rural social infrastructure, communal services and areas equipped with communal networks; on their basis, the rates of reproduction of the social infrastructure in the industry were calculated; recommendations on the application of the obtained data are given.
Global subsiding as a way to sustainable fishery
Authors: Dorofeeva Viktoria , Klippenstein Elena , Kuznetsov Dmitry
Published: July 2021

Government subsidies affect many kinds of world’s fishery and are intended to restore troubled fisheries. The article shows that current information about global subsidies for fishery are fragmentary due to lack of its classification and accounting. But at the same time, many fishery countries allow overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. As a result, bioresources are overexploited, and economical indicators of fishing deteriorate. Depleted reserves of fish in seas, and also economical and social problems within fishery society is a result of exploiting of marine bioresources in terms of lack of proper fishing management system. We have made an attempt to summarize approaches of different organizations to classify global subsidies. The presented analysis shows that the largest share of subsidies falls on fuel, which is undoubtable a negative tendency. The assessment of subsidies level for the largest fishery countries is implemented. Scientific and practical recommendations are formulated, its compliance may provide the growth of economical state without accelerating the depletion of fish stocks.
Higher education as a sustainable development tool
Authors: Molokova Elena
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the assessment of the role of higher education in ensuring socio-economic sustainability of society development. Based on the analysis of international and Russian legal acts, it identifies the main indicators that allow analyzing the impact of higher education system on the implementation of sustainable development goals. Particular attention is paid to assessment of accessibility of education. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it is concluded that there is a problem of differentiation of regions and territories in terms of access to higher education due to uneven location of educational institutions, different density of students, low inter-regional mobility of population and disproportions in incomes of the population. Regional differentiation in access to higher education in Russia leads to a number of socio-economic problems that reduce the sustainability of regional development, including the outflow of young people and uncompensated labour migration.
Physical activity as a component of a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Sokolova Olga , Goncharova Nadezhda , Lapina Valentina , Goncharov Alexander
Published: July 2021

The article provides definitions of the following concepts: health, healthy lifestyle and physical activity. The article lists some of the principles that influence the human condition (external and internal). The main topic of the article is physical activity as one of the most important elements of a healthy lifestyle. A sociological survey was conducted in online and offline formats to identify the preferences of the population of different ages in the field of sports culture. During the analysis of the results of this study, problematic points were found and recommendations were given for maintaining and improving health through physical activity. The positive and negative aspects of the four most popular training options are reviewed and identified. The article mentions modern devices, applications and programs that motivate people to exercise and help track results. In addition, they noted the interest of the state in a healthy population, and also named some of the government's actions for the development of physical culture in the country. At the end of the article, the main results of the survey are briefly highlighted. The conclusion was made about the need for correct goal setting, search for suitable activity and motivation.
Trends in green transformation economic policy: experience of leading countries and russia
Authors: Alieva Inobbat , Omurova Saltanat , Kuznetsov Dmitry , Pankina Inga , Shchepkova Irina
Published: July 2021

Given the demand for green economic growth and sustainable development, many economic practices demonstrate different rates and characteristics of the transition to a green economy, which in one way or another are determined by the initial socio-economic factors and the economic policy implemented by the state. Stimulating green growth and increasing the well-being of society through the rational use of natural resources, natural capital and ecosystems require the elaboration and development of alternative measures for ensuring the rational use of natural resources, the development of environmental innovations and human capital. An equally important factor contributing to green growth is the formation of a state policy of green economic growth, as well as tools and mechanisms for its implementation. The conceptual foundations of a supranational green growth policy have already been developed and the methodological basis has been elaborated. The study of the experience and best practices of green growth in different countries allows us to identify certain shortcomings that require a deeper study and revision of state regulation documents. In addition, the post-Covid economy requires a separate consideration from the point of view of both the relevance of the policy of green growth and the measures and tools for its implementation. Thus, the study of modern trends and principles of the implementation of the state policy of green growth is a topical area of research that requires critical rethinking for the introduction of more constructive measures for reaching the set goals and objectives.
Assessment of management decisions as a factor in the sustainable functioning of an enterprise
Authors: Stepus A.F. , Perminova O.M. , Faizullin R.V.
Published: July 2021

The cost of managerial labor, especially managers of the top, middle and lower levels of management, is estimated by various methods, the article proposes to assess through the tension, intensity and complexity of labor by levels of management. This is especially important in times of crisis, when it is required to actively seek better conditions for the enterprise, to organize the work of subordinates in accordance with the new requirements. With an increase in costs and a decrease in the effectiveness of the management staff, in particular, the risk of bankruptcy and a significant decrease in the competitiveness of the enterprise in such conditions of instability increases rapidly. The criticism of macroeconomic indices is carried out and a microeconomic analysis and a method for assessing the intensity, intensity and complexity of labor at different levels of management are proposed. It is known that the most significant costs that have reserves for reduction are personnel costs, including management costs. Based on the analysis of the correlation and mathematical dependence, the ratio of wages by levels of management on a contract basis was determined based on the minimum established level of wages at the enterprise.
Eco-oriented management accounting system as a tool for sustainable functioning of an economic entity
Authors: Varaksa Natalia , Alimova Maria , Alimov Sergey
Published: July 2021

Modern challenges of a global nature, as well as dependence on environmental impacts, dictate the need to determine environmental costs for economic entities, as well as account, analyze and control them. In this regard, the system of environmental management accounting is one of the tools that ensure the sustainable functioning of the enterprise. The article examines the categorical apparatus of an eco-oriented management accounting system in order to study the presented topic. The paper propose a system of information support for environmental management accounting for the purpose of improving environmental safety and leveling existing environmental risks. The main objects of environmental management accounting are identified and the reflection of payments in the environmental sphere on a separate account with the necessary level of detail for the effective functioning of the system is justified. The paper also formulates problems for further research of the environmental management accounting system using advanced achievements and practices in the world scientific arena.
Charge ordering and ferroelectric states in organic
quasi-one-dimensional conductors
Authors: Nad F. , Monceau P.
Published: July 2021

In quasi-one-dimensional (TMTTF)2X
conductors [1], where X are the various centro-symmetrical and
non-centrosymmetrical anions, by study of temperature dependences of conductance
G and dielectric permittivity $\varepsilon '$
at low frequencies we have found anomalies which are characteristic for phase transitions: an abrupt bend on the
G(l/T) dependences with thermally activated decrease of G and sharp maxima of the E' near the charge ordering
temperature corresponding to the E' divergence according to the Curie law. A number of evidences have been
obtained in favor that driving force of these phase transitions is the long range correlated electron interaction
yielding the charge ordering along the molecular chains (a lattice version of the Wigner crystal). The anion chains,
electrically balanced with molecular chains, are of very importance in the formation and the stabilization of these
new phase states. It appears that the form of charge symmetry of the anions determines to a great extent the types of
the occurring transitions and the developing ground states.
Brave new world of unconventional density waves
Authors: Maki K. , Dora B. , Korin-Hamzic B. , Basletic M. , Virosztek A. , Kartsovnik M. V.
Published: July 2021

Recently many people discuss unconventional density wave (i.e. UCDW and USDW). Unlike
in conventional density waves, the quasiparticle excitations in these systems are gapless. The
appearence of these systems suggests paradigm shift from quasi ID system to quasi 2D and
3D systems. Here we limit ourselves to the angular dependent magnetoresistance (ADMR)
observed in the low temperature phase (LTP) of α-(BEDT-TTF)2KHg(SCN)4. Here we show
that UCDW describes successfully many features of ADMR as manifestation of the Landau
quantization of the quasiparticle spectrum in magnetic field. Indeed ADMR will provide a
unique window to access UDW like the AF phase in URu2Si2, the pseudogap phase in high Tc
cuprates and the glassy phase in organic superconductor κ-(ET)2 salts.
Quasi-one-dimensional BalrO3: On the verge
of a weak ferromagnetic metallic state
Authors: Cao G. , Shaw G. , Brill J. W.
Published: July 2021

We report on calorimetric, resistivity, and magnetization measurements on single crystal BalrO3 and its
derivatives. All results indicate a phase transition at $\rm T_c$=175 K, and two additional features are observed in
resistivity: a sharp peak at 80 K and an upturn at 26 K. It is found that dilute impurity doping with Sr drastically
suppresses $\rm T_c$ and leads to an instant nonmetal to metal transition below $\rm T_c$ underlining the instability of the ground
state.
X-ray observation of 2kF and 4kF
charge orderings
in (TMTTF)2Re04 and (TMTTF)2SCN associated
with anion orderings
Authors: Nogami Y. , Nakamura T.
Published: July 2021

Electronic transfer integrals (t) and TMTTF molecular ionicities (p) in several Fabre salts were
estimated using the atomic coordinates obtained by systematic X-ray structure analyses at room and low
temperatures. Among these Fabre salts containing the octahedal anions, (TMTTF)2PF6 has the largest degree
of 4kF bond dimerization in t, (TMTTF)2AsF6, does the middle and (TMTTF)2SbF6 has the smallest. This
tendency correspondr well to the degree of 2kF spin-Peierls instability at low temperatures which had been
estimated. However opposite tendency was observed between the magnitude of the 4kF, bond dimerization and
the reported critical temperature of the charge disproportionation. The charge mochlation patterns and the
transfer integral modulation patterns of two salts containing non centrosymmetric anions, (TMTTF)2ReO4
and (TMlTF)2SCN were compared.
Fabricated structures for studying mesoscopic physics
of charge density waves
Authors: O'Neill K. , Slot E. , van der Zant H. , Cicak K. , Thorne R.
Published: July 2021

We present new methods for patterning and controlling the cross-section of the CDW conductor niobium
triselenide crystals to sub-micron dimensions using photolithography and electron beam lithography. Experiments
demonstrating these techniques are presented:
accurate four-probe measurement of the c-axis resistivity as a function
of temperature, and measurements of width and thickness-dependent size effects on the CDW condensate. In all
samples, a region with near-perfect rectangular cross-section is left to provide a control, eliminating the need to
compare different samples and reduces the role of sample-to-sample variations in the analyses.
Co-existence of charge order and spin Peierls lattice distortion
in one-dimensional organic compounds
Authors: Seo H. , Kuwabara M. , Ogata M.
Published: July 2021

The ground state properties of the organic spin-Peierls compounds with one-dimensional quarter-filled
band are investigated theoretically. In the strongly correlated regime, two insulating states compete to each other,
which are the charge ordered state due to the inter-site Coulomb interaction, and the `dimer Mott' insulating state
due to the combined effects of the electron-phonon and the on-site Coulomb interactions. In both of these states, the
electron-phonon interaction further produces the lattice tetramization, which is interpreted as the spin-Peierls state.
Domain walls in random media driven by AC fields
Authors: Glatz A. , Nattermann T. , V. Pokr vsky
Published: July 2021

The viscous motion of an interface driven by an ac external field of frequency $\omega_0$
in a random medium is considered here for the first time. The velocity exhibits a smeared
depinning transition showing a double hysteresis which is absent in the adiabatic case $\omega_0 \rightarrow 0$.
Using scaling arguments and an approximate renormalization group calculation we explain the
main characteristics of the hysteresis loop. In the low frequency limit these can be expressed in
terms of the depinning threshold and the critical exponents of the adiabatic case.
Time dependent static friction force of agar gel-on-glass plate immersed in water
Authors: Nitta T. , Haga H. , Kawabata K.
Published: July 2021

We measured the static friction force of agar gel-on-glass plate in water.
The static friction force is independent of the apparent contact area between
the agar gel and the glass plate. It increases with waiting time, that is, contact
duration prior to motion. The static friction force is represented well by a power
law of waiting time.
The waiting time dependence is different from those of solid-on-solid systems.
These results are discussed, based on asperity contact model.
Real one-dimensional CDW formation assured
by noise observations
Authors: Morikawa K. , Kubota H. , Nakamura K. , Nakada A.
Published: July 2021

Narrow band noise (NBN) associated with the sliding motion of Charge density wave (CDW)
is not so easy to measure in a bulk K0.3MoO3, because of the quasi one-dimensional effect. Then, This
study proposes a new technique of thin-film CDW (2-D) and nano-scale CDW (1-D) fabrication on a
bulk sample to avoid the 3-D interaction, and to realize the 1-D features experimentally, by using
H-ion beam irradiation and electron beam lithography. Consequently, the different a t the 1-D sample
has been dramatically reduced in the relation within error 1.5%. Moreover, inclination of broad band
noise (BBN) which is another noise generated at the time of CDW conduction almost disappeared in
l-D sample.
On the physical and mathematical interpretation of the isokinetic hypothesis
Authors: Reti T.
Published: July 2021

Based on the investigation of additive kinetic differential equations it is shown that the concept of the traditional isokinetic hypothesis defined by Christian can be easily generalized. By introducing the notion of the weakly isokinetic process, it is verified that the extended isokinetic model can be expressed in terms of an integro-differential equation. A special property of this integro-differential equation is that its right-hand side includes such state-parameters, which are determined by the whole temperature history (i.e. each state parameter is a functional of the time-temperature function, or any other selected state functions).
Modelling the ferrite/carbide → austenite transformation of hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid steels
Authors: Surm H. , Kessler O. , Hunkel M. , Hoffmann F. , Mayr P.
Published: July 2021

In the project “Distortion compatible heating during heat treatment’’ of the Collaborative Research Center 570 “Distortion Engineering’’ the mechanisms of distortion development during heating are analyzed. The factors of the austenitizing process influencing distortion during heat treatment are investigated by experiments as well as by computer simulation. To predict distortion during heating with computer simulation, the ferrite + carbide into austenite transformation has to be modeled accurately. A model, based on the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation, was developed to describe the transformation of hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid steels during continuous heating with constant heating rate.
Modelling of retained austenite in carburized layers
Authors: Przyłęcka M. , Gęstwa W. , Totten G. E.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, modelling of the phase composition of the carburized case produced on steel alloys containing chromium, manganese and nickel will be discussed. In particular, the effect of steel composition on the amount of retained austenite and carbide structure will be discussed. These microstrucures were selected because they exhibit the greatest influence on the correlation between structure and properties of hardened carburized case. The thermal process largely influences the formation of carbides quantity of residual austenite in structure of hardened carburized elements. Properties evaluated include: hardness, micro-hardness, and impact resistance. The model can be applied to carburized 20H (20Cr4), 15HN (17CrNi6-6) and 16HG (16MNCr5) steel although data for 20H (20Cr4) steel is provided here.
Objective modeling of some elastoplastic materials
with phase changes
Authors: Dachkovski S. , Böhm M.
Published: July 2021

To deal with thermal treatment (quenching e.g.) of
steels with phase changes in the frame of thermoplasticity we
suggest a rather general approach based on the isomorphy of the
generalized elastic ranges, which we call thermo-phase-elastic
ranges. Mass fractions are used as internal variables to describe
the evolution of phases. We do not use the concept of the
decomposition of strains, although it can be incorporated in our
framework. Restrictions due to the second law of thermodynamics
are discussed. The investigations presented here are part of a
special research project on distortion engineering (SFB 570 at the
University of Bremen).
Modelling post-discharge nitriding and nitrocarburising
Authors: Belmonte T. , Jaoul C. , Michel H.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the state of the art in the modelling of nitriding and nitrocarburising using late post-discharge processes is described. In a first part, interstitial diffusion in ternary system is treated. The problem of the diffusion in two-phase domains is evoked. The chemical pathways in N2-H2 and N2-CH4 post-discharges creating active species are next presented to try to identify the precursors responsible for the transport of nitrogen and carbon to the surface of the solid. Finally, attention is paid to the coupling between the gas phase and the solid. Two different approaches are proposed, either by considering a steady state or a transient gas flow. The latter requires to introduce a sequence of surface phenomena (adsorption, surface diffusion, recombination, dissolution…) that provides a rigorous way to couple processes in the gas phase and in the solid.
Heat transfer coefficients for quenching process simulation
Authors: Maniruzzaman M. , Sisson R. D.
Published: July 2021

Quenching heat treatment in a liquid medium is a very complex heat transfer process. Heat extraction from the part surface occurs through several different heat transfer mechanisms in distinct temperature ranges, namely, film boiling, partial film boiling (i.e. transition), nucleate boiling and convection. The maximum heat transfer occurs during the nucleate boiling stage. Experimental study shows that, the effective surface heat transfer coefficient varies more than two orders of magnitude with the temperature during the quenching. For quenching process simulation, accurate prediction of the time-temperature history and microstructure evolution within the part largely depends on the accuracy of the boundary condition supplied. The heat transfer coefficient is the most important boundary condition for process simulation. This study focuses on creating a database of heat transfer coefficients for various liquid quenchant-metallic alloy combinations through experimentation using three different quench probes. This database is a web-based tool for use in quench process simulation. It provides at-a-glance information for quick and easy analysis and sets the stage for a Decision Support System (DSS) and Data Mining for heat-treating process.
Optimum process conditions based on stresses distribution and crack formation for twin roll strip casting
Authors: Ju D.-Y. , Zhao H.-Y.
Published: July 2021

To keep steady casting production for strip casting, not only control of cooling and solidification but also stresses and crack formation should be taken into consideration. In order to compute the thermal mechanical stresses and susceptibility of the material to crack during strip casting process, a coupled finite element simulation on temperature, solidification and inelastic deformation was carried out based on a unified viscous fluid model including elastic, visco-plastic deformation, thermal expansion and dilatation due to solidification. The distribution of temperature and stresses on strip surface and in nip zone was analyzed under various casting speeds. Crack formation possibility index of casting strip at different positions and process conditions was obtained by a principal stress crack model. The weakest positions and dangerous direction subjected to crack are predicted. Effect of casting speeds on stress distribution and crack formation was clarified and the optimum casting process was discussed on this basis.