bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing effects and dendritic-cell-based tumor vaccine prepared by high-intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Li Zhichao , Xue Guoliang , Wei Zhigang , Ye Xin
Published: February 2023

Aims:

This study was conducted to explore the high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) prepared antigen-sensitized dendritic cells (DC) and the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) killing effects by DC and to observe their anti-tumor immunity effects on BALB/c mice.

Methods and Material:

GM-CSF and IL-4 were used to culture the mouse bone marrow-derived DC. HIFU was used to prepare CT-26 tumor cell antigen-sensitive DC vaccines. The capability of T cell proliferation was detected by 3H-TdR, and the CTL cytotoxicity was detected using standard 4h51Cr release assay. The DC-based tumor vaccine prepared using HIFU irradiation was given to normal BALB/c mice. The mice were injected with CT-26 cancer cells subcutaneously seven days later. Further, the occurrence time of the tumor, its weight and volume on the 20th day was observed, and the allergic DC group challenged using repeated-freezing-thawing method alone with the normal saline control group (negative control group) were used to compare group differences.

Results:

DC in the HIFU group, tumor cell freeze-thawing group, tumor supernatant group, and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group could induce T cell proliferation in vitro. However, the ability to induce T cell proliferation of DC in the HIFU group and tumor cell freeze-thawing group was significantly higher than those in the tumor supernatant and PBS groups (P < 0. 05). CTL induced in vitro by DC in the HIFU group, and the tumor cell freeze-thawing group had significant cytotoxicity to colon cancer, being significantly different from those in the tumor supernatant and PBS groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the cytotoxicity of CTL induced in vitro in the HIFU group and the tumor cell freeze-thawing group (P > 0.05). Additionally, significant differences in the occurrence time of the tumor, its weight and volume on the 20th day, and the median survival time of mice among the HIFU group, the repeated-freezing-thawing group, and the negative control group were observed (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the HIFU and the repeated-freezing-thawing group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

HIFU prepared antigen-sensitized DC could cause substantial proliferation of T cells and CTL with strong anti-tumor effects. The DC-based tumor vaccine prepared using HIFU irradiation affected active immunization on the tumor occurrence in vitro and was better than the DC-based tumor vaccine prepared using the repeated-freezing-thawing method.
The role of metabolic tumor parameters predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Goksel Sibel , Erdivanli Ozlem C. , Bulbul Ogun , Dursun Engin
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to investigate the contribution of metabolic positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) parameters of the primary tumor in predicting regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) at initial staging in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods:

A total of 114 patients diagnosed with HNSCC and who underwent PET/CT scanning for staging were included in the study between May 2014 and December 2020. Predictive values of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), maximum standardized uptake ratio (SURmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor in the prediction of cervical LNM were evaluated with logistic regression.

Results:

The patients were diagnosed with cancer of the larynx (46.5%), oropharynx (9.6%), nasopharynx (22.8%), hypopharynx (4.4%), and oral cavity (16.7%). All metabolic parameters of the primary tumor were significantly different between patients with positive and negative LNM (all P < 0.001). MTV (P = 0.022) and TLG (P = 0.007) were significantly higher in patients with contralateral LNM. MTV value of the primary tumor was found as the single significant predictor of regional LNM in patients with HNSCC (OR = 23.17, P < 0.001 vs. OR = 31.1, P < 0.001, respectively) in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MTV were 89%, 80%, and 86%, respectively.

Conclusion:

MTV of the primary tumor can predict regional LNM and guide the selection of the treatment modalities and clinical decisions in patients with HNSCC at initial staging.
360° open-ended and navigated magnetic resonance–guided microwave ablation for hepatic tumors in risk areas
Authors: Cui Dan , Ding Min , Wang Zhi , Shi Yaoping , Wang Tao , Shi Donghua , Hu Hao , Chi Jiachang , Zhai Bo
Published: February 2023

Context:

Image-guided local ablation has becoming a promising treatment option for patients unsuitable for surgical resection. Currently, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been used as guidance for ablation due to its good soft-tissue contrast, high image quality and absence of ionizing radiation. However, the limited operating space and interrupted and delayed imaging of the conventional MR equipment increased the difficulty of puncture during operation. Therefore, we utilized an easy-to-use optical navigation system with a 0.4 T 360° open MR system to perform MR-guided microwave ablation (MWA) to treat liver tumor patients in risk areas.

Aim:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of MR-guided MWA in treating liver tumors using a 0.4 T open and navigated MR system.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed on 19 liver tumor patients who underwent MR-guided MWA between August 2014 and August 2017. The complications, complete ablation, and long-term outcomes were analyzed and evaluated.

Results:

It was found that navigated MRI guidance allowed for precise needle placement in the targeted tumor, and ablation was successfully performed in all patients without serious intraoperative complications and death. Additionally, complete ablation was reached at 94.74% (18/19), with only one patient discovered with residual tumor, and therefore received another MWA session within three months.

Conclusion:

360° open MR system combined with navigation systems conveniently enhanced the operation of MR-guided ablation, producing effective outcomes. Therefore, this option may be a safe and effective therapy for liver tumors in patients, especially for those situated in risk areas and those not visible to identify by ultrasound or computerized tomography.
Comparison of analgesic effect in celiac plexus neurolysis
Authors: Kong Fan-Lei , Bie Zhi-Xin , Li Bin , Guo Run-Qi , Xu Sheng , Li Xiao-Guang
Published: February 2023

Context:

Currently, short-term recurrence of pain is the biggest clinical challenge of celiac plexus neurolysis for patients with refractory abdominal cancer pain.

Aim:

To evaluate the analgesic effect and safety of celiac plexus neurolysis using ethanol injection combined with iodine-125 (125I) radioactive seed implantation for refractory abdominal cancer pain.

Settings and Design:

The study was a randomized controlled trial.

Methods and Materials:

About 10 patients with severe refractory abdominal cancer pain were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into group A (ethanol injection combined with 125I radioactive seed implantation, n = 5) and group B (ethanol injection alone, n = 5). The primary end point was pain relief measured by means of numerical rating scale (NRS). And the secondary end point was mean administration of analgesic drugs and the safety of the procedure.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Repeated measures of analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

The NRS scores were significantly reduced by 24 h postprocedure in both groups (group A: P = 0.001 and group B: P = 0.001). Group A did not show significant recurrence based on NRS scores during the follow-up period. In contrast, the NRS scores recurred significantly in group B by 1 month postprocedure (P = 0.026). The intake of analgesic drugs was significantly reduced in both the groups postprocedure (group A: P = 0.013 and group B: P = 0.013). Overall, it was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P = 0.041). No treatment-related deaths or major complications were observed.

Conclusions:

Celiac plexus neurolysis using ethanol injection in combination with 125I radioactive seed implantation has a longer analgesic duration than using ethanol injection alone. It could be a safe and long-lasting analgesic approach for managing refractory abdominal cancer pain.
Delayed biopsy following completion of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhi Weihua , Hou Jie , Fan Shupeng , Han Yue
Published: February 2023

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Less than 30% of patients are suitable candidates for surgery. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered as a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable advanced liver cancer. In the routine diagnosis and treatment pathway for unresectable HCC, a biopsy is usually performed firstly, followed by hepatic artery angiography and TACE. However, hepatic artery angiography data reveals that the risk of arteriovenous shunt (AVS) is significantly increased following biopsy, which negatively affects the outcomes of TACE.

Aim:

To investigate the feasibility of delayed biopsy following TACE in patients with HCC.

Methods:

Data from 112 patients with a definitive diagnosis of HCC were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who underwent biopsy immediately after TACE formed the experimental group (n = 55) and those who underwent biopsy before TACE formed the control group (n = 57). Positive pathological diagnosis rate, incidence of AVS, and rates of TACE-related complications were compared between the two groups. In addition, factors affecting the occurrence of AVS were assessed.

Results:

There was no significant difference in positive pathological diagnosis rate between the experimental and control groups (81.8% vs. 77.2%, respectively; P = 0.545). The incidence of AVS in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (3.6% vs. 22.8%, respectively; P = 0.003), and embolization results were better in the experimental group. There was no difference in the incidence of TACE-related complications between the two groups. Late tumor stage (P = 0.04) and pre-TACE biopsy puncture (P = 0.003) are associated with the occurrence of AVS.

Conclusion:

In patients with HCC, delayed biopsy following completion of TACE did not affect pathological diagnosis results and yielded better embolization outcomes. Therefore, delayed biopsy following completion of TACE in patients with HCC is worth popularizing for clinical use. However, with the development of precision medicine, the diagnosis and treatment of tumor will certainly advance to the molecular level, whether the ischemic and oxygen-deficient tumor microenvironment caused by TACE treatment will have an impact on tumor tissue at molecular level remains unknown.
Hypophysitis
Authors: Han Xiaoying , Meng Min , Zhang Tiehong , Wang Jiao , Huang Guanghui , Ni Yang , Li Wenhong , Dai Jianjian , Yang Xia , Ye Xin
Published: February 2023

The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor – camrelizumab – is a promising agent for the treatment of several malignancies. Secondary hypophysitis has been reported in patients treated with the other PD-1 inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab. However, camrelizumab-related hypophysitis has not yet been described. Herein, we report three cases of hypophysitis secondary to camrelizumab therapy. Case 1 was a 60-year-old male patient with non-small-cell lung carcinoma, who was diagnosed with central adrenal insufficiency associated with hypophysitis after 11 cycles of camrelizumab treatment (200 mg every 2 weeks). Glucocorticoid therapy rapidly improved his symptoms. Case 2 was a 68-year-old male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma who received ten cycles of camrelizumab (200 mg every 2 weeks) plus apatinib (250 mg daily), before the diagnosis of hypophysitis. Steroid therapy was also efficacious. Case 3 was a 69-year-old male patient diagnosed with renal carcinoma. After eight cycles of camrelizumab therapy (200 mg every 2 weeks) combined with oral apatinib (250 mg daily), the patient presented with hypophysitis, which responded well to glucocorticoid therapy. These results suggest a caution for hypophysitis in patients treated with camrelizumab.
An In Vitro Study to Determine the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties of a Novel Spirulina Containing Controlled Release Intrapocket Drug Delivery System
Authors: Mishra Supriya , Johnson Lynn , Sangha Kuldip Singh , Gupta Vineeta , Agarwal Sangita , Rajput Shikha
Published: February 2023

Context:

Periodontitis is primarily an inflammatory condition caused by an array of microorganisms present in dental plaque. Elimination or adequate suppression of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microflora is essential for adequate periodontal healing to take place. The development of subgingivally placed controlled delivery systems has provided the possibility of effective intrapocket concentration levels of antibacterial agents for an extended period of time, resulting in an altered subgingival flora and enhanced healing of the attachment apparatus. Although a number of synthetic antimicrobial agents are being used as local drug delivery, currently, pharmaceutical technology development has focused on the ingredients derived from nature. Natural phytochemicals have proven to be worthy substitutes of their synthetic and chemical-laden counterparts owing to their extensive natural activity, advanced safety margins, and inferior costs so that they can be of huge benefits, especially to the lower socioeconomic population around the world and spirulina platensis (SP) is one such emerging remedy.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to develop three controlled release drug delivery systems containing different concentrations of SP to be used inside the periodontal pockets. The study also aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of all the three concentrations of SP drug delivery system against major periodontopathic microorganisms and to test the physicochemical properties of the delivery system that exhibited maximum antimicrobial efficacy so that the suitability of its use inside the periodontal pocket could be determined.

Settings and Design:

The study was an in vitro experimental design.

Subjects and Methods:

Three different controlled release SP hydrogels (4%, 6%, and 12%) to be used inside the periodontal pockets were developed and antibacterial properties against periodontal pathogens were assessed. The hydrogel exhibiting maximum antimicrobial efficacy was then tested of physicochemical and mechanical properties to determine its suitability of its use inside the periodontal pocket.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference test was used for comparison within the group and between the different groups.

Results:

12% SP hydrogel was found to have maximum antimicrobial efficacy against major periodontal pathogens, and its physicochemical and mechanical properties were also optimum to be used inside the periodontal pocket.

Conclusions:

12% SP hydrogel can act as a promising adjunct to periodontal mechanical therapy and may also reduce the chances of more invasive periodontal surgical procedures.
Drug Information Services in Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Patil Amol N. , Kumar M. Praveen , Yadav Rohitash , Kosey Sourabh , Behl Tapan , Kumaravel J.
Published: February 2023

Objective:

The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacy professionals’ understanding and viewpoints on drug information center (DIC) services and differences, if any, with pharmacologist's survey conducted earlier.

Materials and Methods:

An electronic cross-sectional knowledge, practice, and attitude survey was carried out. A questionnaire in the form of the hyperlink was sent to pharmacy professionals through e-mail, Facebook messenger, and WhatsApp. Factors linked to pharmacy professionals’ vision in expanding countrywide DIC services were studied with logistic regression in R.

Results:

A total of 125 pharmacy professionals responded. The participant believing in the published literature as a standard reference for establishing and running the DIC services; participants identifying more challenges in the day-to-day DIC functioning; and participants believing in the ability of DIC in reducing morbidity, mortality, and cost of care had 4.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97–6.44), 4.24 (95% CI = 0.97–6.44), and 2.43 (95% CI = 0.97–6.44) times association with good knowledge score. Good attitude scores were discovered of participants working in fully and partially functional DIC (odds ratio [OR] = 9.66, CI = 0.97–6.44 and OR = 9.49, CI = 0.97–6.44) to participants not involved in DIC duties. The participant who understood DIC services’ real purpose had 2.83 (95% CI = 0.97–6.44) times association with good practice scores. Overall, pharmacy professionals carried better attitude scores, but lesser knowledge, and practice scores than pharmacology professionals.

Conclusion:

Lower knowledge and practice score of pharmacy professionals asks for training in critical appraisal of published literature and due modifications in graduate and postgraduate curricula. A collaborative approach between pharmacists and pharmacologists is needed to improve the quality of drug information services and evidence-based medicine practice in low-resource countries like India.
Predictors of Blood Pressure Control Amongst Primary Care Patients of a Teaching Hospital in Bauchi, North-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Attahiru Muhammad , Simon Pitmang Labo , Mutalub Yahkub Babatunde , Akangoziri Mark Divine , Grema Bukar Alhaji
Published: February 2023

Background:

Poorly managed hypertension is still a serious global public health issue, despite medication. It is unclear what is causing treated hypertensive patients to have trouble achieving their target blood pressure (BP).

Aim:

The goal of this study was to determine the predictors of BP control amongst hypertensive patients attending a teaching hospital in North-eastern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 277 hypertensive patients from a tertiary healthcare institution. Data were analysed using version 20 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Frequency and percentages were used to summarise data while Chi-square test was used to test for associations. To identify the factors linked to BP control, logistic regression was employed. At P < 0.05, predictors of BP control were found using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results:

The respondents' average age was 53.1 ± 14.6 years, of which 67.5% were female. The level of optimal BP control was 40.8%. Factors associated with reduced BP control include not currently married (AOR = 0.29 [95% CI: 0.16–0.53], P ≤ 0.0001), imperfect adherence (AOR = 0.37 [95% CI: 0.22–0.64], P ≤ 0.0001), taking more than two drugs (AOR = 0.3 [95% CI: 0.14–0.64], P = 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (AOR = 0.40 [95% CI: 0.22–0.72], P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

The optimal BP control is alarmingly low in this setting. Marital status, medication adherence, increased pill burden and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 negatively affect the attainment of BP control.
Scaling-invariant Serrin criterion via one velocity component for the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Wendong Wang  , Di Wu  , Zhifei Zhang
Published: February 2023

The classical Ladyzhenskaya–Prodi–Serrin regularity criterion states that if the Leray weak solution

u

of the Navier–Stokes equations satisfies

u\in L^{q}(0,T; L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{3}))

with

\frac{2}{q}+\frac{3}{p}\leq 1

,

p>3

, then it is regular in

\mathbb{R}^{3}\times (0,T)

. In this paper, we prove that the Leray weak solution is also regular in

\mathbb{R}^{3}\times (0,T)

under the scaling-invariant Serrin condition imposed on one component of the velocity, i.e.,

u_{3}\in L^{q,1}(0,T; L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{3}))

with

\frac{2}{q}+\frac{3}{p}\leq 1

,

3<p<+\infty

. This result means that if the solution blows up at a time, then all three components of the velocity have to blow up simultaneously.
Pokop v Emoni
Authors: Županek Bernarda , Miškec Alenka , Karo Špela , Tica Gojko
Published: February 2023

V prispevku raziskujemo materialne sledove vraževernih in magijskih praks na grobiščih rimske kolonije Emone. Prebivalci mesta so svoje umrle pokopavali na treh velikih grobiščih ob glavnih vpadnicah: vzhodno ob cesti proti Neviodunu, severno ob cesti v Celejo in Petoviono, zahodno ob cesti proti Akvileji. Doslej je bilo na vseh treh grobiščih odkritih prek 3000 grobov iz 1. do 5. stoletja.

Raziskave kažejo, da se obsežna grobišča dolgo živeče Emone niso spreminjala samo v prostoru, ampak tudi v času; ponekod je dokumentirana prekinitev uporabe grobišča med zgodnjo in pozno fazo ali več fazami. Spreminjal se je tudi način pokopa: v 1. in 2. stoletju so Emonci svoje mrtve sežigali, od 3. do 5. stoletja pa pokopavali nesežgane. Izjemoma prve skeletne grobove zasledimo že v 2. stoletju. Zelo raznovrstna je bila grobna arhitektura, prav tako pridatki; ti se razlikujejo po številu in strukturi.

Nekateri v grob položeni predmeti, kot so bule, obeski v obliki falusa in lunule ter steklene jagode, so lahko imeli funkcijo amuleta. Emonci so jih nosili že za časa življenja za obrambo pred zlom. Nekatere predmete, na primer novce, so svojci umrlih položili v grob za lažji prehod in bivanje v svetu mrtvih. Za zaščito živih pred umrlimi so uporabljali različne rituale, med drugim pokop na trebuhu ali pridajanje žebljev, ki naj bi umrlega zadržali v grobu, ter prilagali zelo dragocene predmete v grobove mladih, prezgodaj umrlih, deklet.

Materialni ostanki vraževerja in magijskih praks na emonskih grobiščih kažejo, da je bila kolonija Emona tudi v tem pogledu del rimskega sveta, kjer je bila uporaba zaščitnih amuletov vsakdanja praksa, in v katerem so bili ugotovljeni analogni sledovi pogrebnih ritualov.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHARED VALUES WITH TRUST AND COLLABORATIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY ON SUPPLIER FARMERS IN WEST AND CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Febryanti Ade , Saleh Amiruddin , Sarwoprasodjo Sarwititi
Published: February 2023

The main actors in agriculture, namenya farmers is very concerned. One of the problems is marketing farmers. The marketing of agricultural products not sided with the farmers because the lack of knowledge about farmers market information. In addition, many farmers is still in difficulties in marketing of agricultural products. One effort to helped the farmers in marketing agricultural products is cooperation with farmers in the Agriculture Youth Mart as social enterprise by a youth aims. This study aims to analyze shared value with the trust of supplier farmers and analyze the relationship of shared value with the trust between supplier farmers and AYM. Samples were collected with census method. Quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (question guides) approach was used. The research subjects were 20 supplier farmers who interact with AYM. Data were collected in October 2018. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS 24 for descriptive and inferential rank Spearman. The result of the study showed that integrity, punctuality and quality product have significant and positive relation with trust. The results of the analysis obtained internal analysis training 2.649 the weighted average score, while the traffic from the results of the analysis a score was obtained for 1,070 external.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING
Authors: P. R Dr. Sheeja. , V.P Dr. Smitha.
Published: February 2023

With the advancement in technology, the form of shopping has changed significantly. Nowadays online shopping become an important part of life style. Customers choose online shopping because of its high level of convenience and it offers a broader selection; competitive pricing and greater access to information. The aim of the present study is to analyse the customer satisfaction and attitude towards online shopping. Sample for the present study consisted of 100 customers belonging to the age group of 18 -50 years. Google form was used to collect the required information for the present investigation. Monthly family income of the respondents ranged from Rs.10000 to 1.5 Lakhs. Majority of the customers were satisfied with their online shopping majority of them had a positive attitude towards online shopping.
MOGAMA VERBAL COMMUNICATION AS LOCAL WISDOM IN THE POST- MARRIAGE CEREMONY OF BOLAANG MONGONDOW ETHNIC: THE ETHNOPRAGMATIC STUDY
Authors: Lumempouw Femmy
Published: February 2023

Research on Mogama Verbal Communication as Local Wisdom in the Post-marriage Ceremony of the Bolaang Mongondow Ethnic: The Ethnopragmatic Study aims to (1) identify Mogama's verbal communication in the form of poetry and prayers which show ethnopragmatics in the postwedding ceremony of the Bolaang Mongondow ethnicity; (2) Classify Mogama's verbal communication in the form of poetry and prayers that show ethnopragmatics in the post-wedding ceremony of the Bolaang Mongondow ethnicity. The theory used in this study is: The ethnopragmatic theory of Susani, Ratna, P., 2019, which examines the use of language based on the cultural context of the community that owns it. Austin (1962) and Searle (1979) state that in pragmatic theory that speech acts study language by taking into account the communication situation is called non-linguistic or called context. What can be seen is the relationship between language and action (https://aksara.kemdikbud.go.id downloaded on January, 2022).
DEMONETIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON BANKING INDUSTRY
Authors: Dobhal Jyoti
Published: February 2023

Demonetization is an act of stripping a currency unit of its status as a legal tender. In simple words, demonetization is the process by which the demonetized notes cease to be accepted as legal currency for any kind of transaction. After demonetization, the old currency is replaced by a new currency, which may be of the same denomination or may be of a higher denomination. Demonetization is done by a country for various reasons. In India Demonetization happened three times. First time it happened in the year1946 and then in the year 1972. Third time it happened on 8 Nov 2016. It affected many sectors of the nation but banking sector was the most affected one as it was the main channel through which whole economic process had moved on. It was assumed that banking sector had an edge over the rest during the entire exercise of demonetization. It becomes necessary to understand Demonetization effect on banks financial performance as banks financial performance directly related to a country’s economic growth. The present study is made out of available literature on post demonetization. It illustrated how the demonetization affected the banking industry.
NEW AGE TUSSLE WITH THE LEGAL MEASURES IN CONTROLLING THE COUNTERFEITING PRACTICES: A SPECIFIC STUDY ON IP SEGMENT
Authors: Ranjan Tanisha
Published: February 2023

Globalisation, trade facilitation, and the expanding economic significance of intellectual property are all drivers of economic enlargement. However, they have also led to different ways for illicit networks to expand the span and scale of their operations, free-riding on intellectual property and polluting trade routes with counterfeit goods. Leading to the serious outcome for both the economy and the citizens. Trade in counterfeit goods not only damages economic growth but also undermines good governance, the rule of law and citizens’ trust in government, and can ultimately threaten political stability. Tracing back to the history of counterfeiting from 1925, we have seen a huge rise over the time. And India is not new to counterfeiting. It costs the Indian economy INR 1 trillion every year. In fact, one in three Indian adults have been victims of fake products from one or the other e-commerce websites, making online counterfeiting the fastest growing crime. In addition, in some cases, such as that of fake pharmaceuticals, counterfeit goods can have serious health and safety implications for citizens. The legal structure intends to protect the enthusiasm of clients and partners and reasonable come back to the correct holders is the core of IPR insurance and requirement by the Legislature to guarantee IP security of right holders and battle the rotting impact of forging in India. Aside from the legal arrangements, the legal choices and perceptions in setting of disallowing forging in India merit referencing. We are confident that this article will make a major contribution to the understanding of the volume, magnitude and harmful societal effects of illicit trade in counterfeit and will urge policy makers to shape effective solutions to combat and deter this scourge.
Quarterlife Crisis in the UK and India: Perceived Standards and Unfulfilled Expectations
Authors: Duara Raginie , Hugh-Jones Siobhan , Madill Anna
Published: February 2023

The term “quarterlife crisis” is associated with difficulties transitioning to adulthood that are accompanied by feelings of panic, loss, and uncertainty. However, we argue that this experience could vary largely depending on the sociocultural context and requires delving into nuances to understand and appreciate the lived experiences of the young population transitioning in different contexts. The aim of this study is to explore young people’s experiences of quarterlife crises triggered from interactions with the social environment, taking into consideration both British and Indian contexts. Our participants are 22-30 years of age from the UK (n=16) and India (n=8) who self-define as having experienced difficulties “finding one’s place in the world.” Data were generated through photo-elicitation and timeline interviewing and analysed with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. We focus here on one of the themes derived from this project: “perceived standards and unfulfilled expectations,” which involves the sub-themes of playing catch up, feeling responsible, and living up to social expectations. We consider our findings in light of Robinson and Smith’s (2010) theory of early adult crisis. Our study adds detail and subtlety with respect to ways in which young people experience threats to their self-worth as a central feature of quarterlife crisis within individualist and collectivist cultures.
Multivoxel MR Spectroscopic Imaging – Distinguishing Intracranial Tumours from Non-neoplastic Disease
Authors: Nagar Veena Arpit , Ye Jieru , Xu Maosheng , Ng Wai-Hoe , Yeo Tseng-Tsai , Ong Peck-Leong , Lim CC Tchoyoson
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Multi-voxel MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) provides chemical metabolite information that can supplement conventional MR imaging in the study of intracranial neoplasia. Our purpose was to use a robust semi-automated spectroscopic analysis to distinguish intracranial tumours from non-neoplastic disease. Materials and Methods: Twenty intracranial tumours and 15 patients with non-neoplastic disease confirmed on histological examination or serial neuroimaging were studied with 2-dimensional MRSI using point-resolved spectroscopic (PRESS) imaging localisation. Using semi-automated post-processing software, spectra were analysed for peak heights of choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), lactate (Lac) and lipid (Lip). Normalised Cho (nCho) ratios, computed by dividing maximum Cho in the lesion by the normal-appearing brain, were compared between intracranial tumours and non-neoplastic disease. Results: Meningiomas displayed homogenously elevated Cho. Malignant tumours, especially large glioblastoma multiforme, displayed inhomogeneity of metabolites within the tumour. All tumours had elevation of nCho >1 (mean 1.91 ± 0.65), and non-neoplastic diseases had tumour nCho <1 (mean 0.91 ± 0.46), which was significantly lower (P <0.05). Two patients with non-neoplastic lesions, one with subacute cerebral infarction and the other with cryptococcoma, had elevated Cho compared to normal tissue (false positive rate 13%). Conclusion: Using semi-automated MRSI method, a simplified normalised Cho algorithm provides a method to distinguish intracranial tumours from non-neoplastic disease. Key words: Brain neoplasm, Magnetic resonance imaging, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Spectroscopy
THE ATTITUDE OF MODERN STUDENTS TO THE PROBLEM OF HEALTH PRESERVATION: A GENDERASPECT
Authors:   Linguistic University of Nizhny Novgorod, Retivina Veronika
Published: February 2023

In recent years in Russia there has been a negative trend towards a deterioration in the health of the younger generation, which is associated not only with the influence of external factors, but also with the lack of widespread promotion of the values of a healthy lifestyle in our society, as well as with the undeveloped skills of maintaining and strengthening their own health among young people. The article presents the data of the author's sociological study conducted among students of Nizhny Novgorod universities in December 2021 and devoted to the study of the gender characteristics of the attitude of modern student youth to the problem of health preservation and healthy lifestyle. Differences in assessments of the significance of factors influencing health, as well as in the behavioral practices of health preservation among boys and girls have been considered. The extensive empirical material illustrates the inconsistency between the general ideas of the younger generation about the importance of maintaining health and real behavior. It has been shown that both in theoretical assessments and in practice, girls are more inclined to "passive" forms and methods of health care, while for boys "active" methods are more preferable.
REVISITING THE TRAINING OF SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL IN DAGESTAN IN 1950S: A GENDER ASPECT
Authors:   Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nagieva M.K.
Published: February 2023

The modern rapidly developing world is filled with highly scientific technological discoveries, constantly improving technological equipment. The attention paid by society to the quality of human resources, their experience and knowledge, as well as high qualifications plays an important role. The era of information technology requires an appropriate approach and adaptation of the science personnel potential. This determines the relevance of the research and the importance of understanding and generalizing the Soviet experience in the training of scientific personnel. After all, the high level of training of scientific personnel and a strong scientific school in the Soviet state was the result of ongoing qualitative reforms in the field of science and education. In this context, the creation and further activities of the Dagestan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, in which the training of scientific personnel began in 1946 is of undoubted scientific and practical interest. The determining factor for the development of Dagestan science was the creation of the Dagestan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, designed to solve the most complex scientific problems. The branch was formed on the basis of the first institution of science in the Republic, the Dagestan Research Institute, opened back in 1924 in Makhachkala as an integrated, multidisciplinary research center, which took over the functions of organizing survey work in all areas. The main purpose of the research is to highlight various aspects of the training of scientific personnel and the involvement of women in science in 1950s, based on the analysis of a wide range of diverse sources and monographic studies. The article aims to show the formation of the scientific intelligentsia in the Republic and to celebrate the first mountain girls who got the opportunity to study in graduate school for further seeking the degree of Candidate and Doctor of science. Analyzing the available material, the author has come to the conclusion that in Dagestan, the training of scientific personnel among women until the 1950s was practically not carried out. In subsequent years the dynamics changes towards an increase in a number of girls among graduate students.
Effects of dietary counselling on lipid profile among liposuction patients
Authors: Jehan Adeela , Ahmed Zaheer , Kashif Seemin , Liaqat Saba , Mohmand Humayun , Afreen Asma
Published: February 2023

Objective: To observe the effects of dietary counselling on weight management after liposuction.
Method: The case-control study was conducted at the La Chirurgie Cosmetic Surgery Centre and Hair Transplant Institute, F-8/3, Islamabad, Pakistan, from January to July 2018, and comprised adults (100) of either gender undergoing liposuction and/or abdominoplasty who were followed for three months in the postoperative period. The subjects were divided into dietary-counselled group A, which received diet plans, and control group B, which followed up without any dietary advice. Lipid profile was done at baseline and three months post-liposuction. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 100 subjects enrolled, 83(83%) completed the study; 43(51.8%) in group A and 40(48.2%) in group B. Overall, there were 19(22.9%) males, 64(77.1%) females, and 55(66.3%) were aged <40 years, while 28(33.7%) were aged 40 years. Intra-group improvement was significant for total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides for both the groups (p<0.05). The change for very low-density lipoprotein in group B was not significant (p>0.05). Change in high-density lipoprotein was for the better in group A, while it decreased in group B and the change in both cases was significant (p<0.05). Inter-group differences were not significant (p>0.05) except for total cholesterol (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Liposuction alone resulted in the improvement of lipid profile, while dietary intervention resulted in better values with respect to very low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein.
Key Words: Liposuction, Diet, Dietary Counselling, Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides.
Minocycline pre-treatment up-regulates antioxidant enzymes and enhances the regenerative potential of MSCs in rat myocardial infarction model
Authors: Omair Anwar  , Mohiuddin  , Irfan Khan  , Asmat Salim
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine the effect of the pre-treatment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with minocycline on the expression of antioxidant genes and cardiac repair post myocardial infarction (MI) in rats.

Methods: Rat bone marrow derived MSCs were used in the study. Cytotoxicity of minocycline in MSCs was determined using JC1 assay to identify a safe drug dose for further experiments. The MSCs were pre-treated with 1.0 µM minocycline for 24 hours and then treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), after that mRNA was isolated and the expression levels of antioxidant genes including peroxiredoxin, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were determined. Finally, minocycline pre-treated MSCs were used to treat rats induced with MI by the ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. The cardiac function was evaluated at two and four weeks post MI using echocardiography. 

Results: At 1.0 µM concentration, minocycline was found to be safe for MSCs and used for subsequent experiments. Minocycline pre-treatment was found to up regulate several antioxidant genes in oxidatively stressed MSCs. Furthermore, minocycline pre-treated MSCs displayed greater improvement in cardiac left ventricular function at two and four-weeks post MI as compared to untreated rats.

Conclusions: Pre-treatment of MSCs with minocycline enhances the expression of antioxidant genes and promotes their capability to repair cardiac function after MI.

Keywords: Antioxidants, Minocycline, Glutathione, Peroxiredoxins, Myocardial, Superoxide
Role of stem cells in the treatment of osteoarthritis- a review of literature
Authors: Mohammad Mustafa  , Arslan Ahmed Abro  , Noman Khan  , Muhammmad Kazim Rahim Najjad  , Syed Shahid Noor
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this review was to identify and assess the effectiveness of stem cells in the form of injectables in the treatment of joint osteoarthritis as published  in the literature. Studies were searched from multiple databases like Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library until June 2022 using multiple keywords. Randomized controlled trials of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were included which compared the pain and functional outcomes for those getting Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) injectables as compared to those who received no MSCs injection. Twelve randomized controlled trials, assessing a total of 486 participants were identified and studied. Overall, stem cells injection has no significant effect on pain along with physical function.
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Adipose derived stem cells for the peripheral nerve regeneration: review of techniques and clinical implications
Authors: Fizzah Arif  , Mohammad Fazlur Rahman  , Ceemal Fareed Khan
Published: February 2023

Adipose tissue is considered as a multipotent organ with multiple cellular varieties, like adipose derived stem cells with ability to differentiate into nerve cells. This review is an attempt to summarize the techniques of harvesting, isolating and delivery of adipose derived stem cells to injured nerve area and various interactions involved in the release of neurotrophic and angiogenic factors from stem cells. Neuro-regenerative potential of ADSCs is explained on the basis of “Paracrine hypothesis”, according to which ADSCs secrete multiple neurotrophic factors and upregulates secretion of these neurotrophic factors by Schwann cells, leading to improved myelination, regeneration and decreases nerve fibrosis. ADSCs are easily available in abundance and undergo multi-step processing before grafting to nerve injury site. Acute inflammation, hypoxia and co-culturing with Schwann cells promotes neural differentiation of ADSCs. ADSCs and Schwann cells are reported to have similar mitogenic and differentiation factors,
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Kepimpinan Instruksional Guru Besar SJKC dan Komitmen Guru
Authors: Hwee Wan Lee , Abdul Wahab Jamalul Lail , Othman Norasmah
Published: February 2023

Kepimpinan instruksional merupakan antara usaha berterusan penambahbaikan sekolah berkesan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan antara kepimpinan guru besar dan komitmen guru SJKC di Daerah Klang. Kajian tinjauan kuantitatif ini hanya melibat sampel seramai 286 orang guru SJKC sahaja. Instrumen soal selidik kajian diubah suai daripada Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) dan komitmen organisasi (Allen & Meyer, 1997). Data kajian dianalisis dengan perisian SPSS versi 26.0. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kepimpinan instruksional guru besar SJKC Klang adalah pada tahap tinggi (min=4.04; sisihan piawai=0.57). Manakala, komitmen guru SJKC Klang adalah pada tahap memuaskan (min=3.33; sisihan piawai=0.74). Data kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa nilai pekali korelasinya ialah p=0.204, p>0.01. Ini bermakna terdapat hubungan yang positif antara kepimpinan guru besar dan komitmen guru tetapi dengan kadar kekuatan yang sangat lemah. Implikasi kajian ini memberikan mesej kepada semua pihak yang berada dalam sistem pendidikan supaya sentiasa bersedia untuk berubah demi mencapai hasrat PPPM 2013-2025. Usaha peningkatan kepimpinan instruksional harus diteruskan tanpa mengabaikan peningkatan komitmen guru. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan bacaan semua pihak untuk menambah pengetahuan kepimpinan sekolah.
Supply of medicines by humanitarian organizations in war conditions
Authors: Musa Mexhit
Published: February 2023

Natural and war disasters lead to stagnation in economic, social and, yes, health development. During the war, the own production of medicines was significantly reduced or even completely stopped due to the destruction of factories, the impossibility of securing raw materials for the production of medicines, and due to the difficulty of importing, transporting and distributing medicines. Even during the war, chronic non-communicable diseases that require daily intake of several groups of drugs are common, the therapy is long-term, and it is necessary to provide a large amount of drugs for these patients. (Abrams J. Nitroglycerin and long-acting nitrates. N Engl J Med 1980; 302:1234). Under these conditions, humanitarian organizations are often the only ones who are able to secure and deliver medicines to certain war-affected areas, which was the case in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Frequent scientific and non-scientific discussions indicate that the medicines donated through humanitarian organizations are outdated and inadequate in relation to the needs of the population. In my research related to the humanitarian organization "Igasa", which included a clinic and a pharmacy and provided help through diagnostics and therapy mainly to chronic internal medicine patients, and for the period from January 2, 1994 to December 31, 1995. I found the following data: 12,839 patients with (CVD, GIO and diabetes mellitus) sought help in this clinic and pharmacy. Of these, 68.00% had CVD, 17.00% GIO and 15.00% diabetes mellitus. Of the total number of patients, 59.00% were women, and 41.00% were men. A significant difference was recorded in the number of patients with CVD according to GIO and diabetes mellitus (p = < 0.001). The highest consumption of drugs was for the treatment of CVD patients (75.00%), while the number of drugs for the treatment of GIO and diabetes mellitus amounted to (25.00%) of the total drug consumption, this is shown by a significant difference (p = < 0.001). The total monetary value of medicines issued in the period 1994 and 1995 in the humanitarian pharmacy "Igasa" is 369,816.28 KM. There was a significant difference in the consumption of medicines as well as the difference in the monetary value of the dispensed medicines between the humanitarian pharmacy "Igasa" and the civilian pharmacy "Bascarsija".
Specific Employees Affairs System for RAL International Company- Part 2
Authors: G.F.Saif Abdulelah
Published: February 2023

Employee’s affairs systems are rapidly developing in line with the rapid development of the digital sector. Employee’s affairs systems in companies are often systems within companies that include all digital resources/information that the employees need. Sometimes the employee needs a resource/information while he is outside the company, which forces him to go to the company to obtain that resource/information even if it is late, or to postpone work on that resource until next day, which will negatively affect the employee’s work. To resolve this problem, we are working to find online system for managing the digital resources/information to be available for employees at any time and any space inside the company or outside it. We need Visual Studio editor to use the programming languages, ASP, C#, and SQL SERVER to manage the database. In this paper, implementation part will be presented. System requirements and system design were presented in the previous paper.
ANALISIS PENILAIAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Habrizons Frans
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui penilaian kinerja keuangan perusahaan menggunakan metode Economic Value Added (EVA) pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik deskriptif. Hasil yang di dapat setelah melakukan penelitian yaitu Nilai EVA pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi tahun 2015-2017 mengalami hasil yang baik walaupun terjadi hasil yang fluktuaktif pada tahun-tahun penelitian. Dengan demikian para manajer telah mampu memberikan hasil yang positif terhadap penyandang dana perusahaan.