bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preformed Antibiotic-Loaded Cement Spacers for Two-Stage Revision of Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty. Long-Term Results
Authors: Romanò Carlo L. , Romanò Delia , Albisetti Alessandra , Meani Enzo
Published: September 2012

Two-stage revision is the most widely accepted and performed intervention for chronically infected hip prosthesis and different interim spacers have been proposed. In recent years, antibiotic-loaded preformed spacers have become available on the market. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term results of two-stage revision with preformed spacers and uncemented hip prosthesis for the treatment of septic hip prosthesis.

From 2000 to 2010, 183 consecutive patients underwent two-stage revision of septic hip prosthesis, with a same protocol, including preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacer and a cementless modular hip revision prosthesis and four to six weeks antibiotic administration. Clinical and radiologic assessment at a minimum follow-up of two years was performed.

At a minimum two years follow-up, 10 patients (5.4%) had had an infection recurrence, four (2.2%) an aseptic loosening and four more required partial revision of the modular components of the prosthesis, because of hip instability/dislocation; 21 patients died or were lost to follow-up. Considering all the reasons for revision, survivorship at eleven years was 93.9%. Harris Hip Score improved from 29.1 ± 14.6 pre-operatively to 41.1 ± 15.9 after spacer implant and 81.7 ± 17.6 after hip revision. The main complications after spacer implant included: spacer dislocation (16.4%), intra-operative femoral fractures (2.7%), and thromboembolism (2.1%). Complications after hip revision were: instability/dislocation (4,3%), intra-operative femoral fractures (1.6%), and thromboembolism (3.3%).

Two-stage revision of septic hip prosthesis with preformed antibiotic-loaded spacers and cementless hip prosthesis provides satisfactory long-term results, with reduced complications.
Peri-Prosthetic Infections. When to Avoid Surgery
Authors: Ceroni Roberto Giacometti , Bianchi Luca , Mondini Andrea , Zagra Luigi
Published: September 2012

Successful treatment of prosthetic joint infections often requires multiple surgical interventions and prolonged antibiotic therapy. However, in some specific situations surgical intervention can not be the treatment of choice. We refer to situations where there is no pain or impairment of the general conditions, involving patients, usually elderly, refusing surgery. In these cases we consider the conservative approach as an option.
Assessment of Exercise Testing after Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Kotby A. A. , Elnabawy H. M. , El-Guindy W. M. , Abd Elaziz R. F.
Published: September 2012

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease. The aim of this study was to examine the exercise performance of young patients following the repair of TOF and to assess the influence of different variables related to the surgical repair on exercise testing. This study was conducted on 21 patients (16 males and 5 females) operated on for TOF compared to 15 healthy age- and sex-matched control children. The patients' median age at time of the study was 8 years (range 5–13 years) while age at surgical repair was 5 ± 2.1 years (range 2–10 years). Patients were subjected to 2D and color Doppler echocardiographic examination. Treadmill exercise stress testing was performed for all subjects according to modified Bruce protocol. The resting ECGs of all patients revealed normal sinus rhythm and RBBB. Cases had lower exercise capacity when compared to control subjects and those with aortopulmonary shunt showed significantly lower exercise performance when compared to those without aortopulmonary shunt. In conclusions, exercise tolerance after total correction of TOF is slightly impaired on short-term followup with more affection among patients with previous aortopulmonary shunts. The present study did not reveal any serious ventricular arrhythmia.
An Attempt to Optimize ZnO-Like TCO Nanolayered Compound Thickness in Terms of a BPES-Related Physical Parameters Pondering
Authors: Boukhachem A. , Amlouk A. , Boubaker K. , Bouhafs M. , Amlouk M.
Published: September 2012

Recently, metal oxide nanolayered semiconductors revealed their increasing usefulness as UV detectors and transparent conductors in optoelectronic devices. In the present paper, a simple fabrication process has been carried out to prepare layered TCO compounds with different controlled thicknesses. Conjoint physical investigations allowed discussion of the validity of optimality in terms of geometrical parameters. A synthetic function based on pondered physical parameters was a practical guide to reach optimality.
Effect of Residents’ Previous Laparoscopic Surgery Experience on Initial Robotic Suturing Experience
Authors: Kilic Gokhan Sami , Walsh Teresa M. , Borahay Mostafa , Zeybek Burak , Wen Michael , Breitkopf Daniel
Published: September 2012

Objective.
To assess the impact of gynecology residents’ previous laparoscopic experience on the learning curve of robotic suturing techniques and the value of initial structured teaching in dry lab prior to surgery.
Methods. Thirteen gynecology residents with no previous robotic surgery experience were divided into Group 1, consisting of residents with 2 or fewer laparoscopic experiences, and Group 2, consisting of residents with 3 or more laparoscopic experiences. Group 1 had a dry-laboratory training in suturing prior to their initial experience in the operating room.
Results. For all residents, it took on average 382±159 seconds for laparoscopic suturing and 326±196 seconds for robotic suturing (P=0.12). Residents in Group 1 had a lower mean suture time than residents in Group 2 for laparoscopic suturing (P=0.009). The residents in Group 2, however, had a lower mean suture time on the robot compared to Group 1 (P=0.5). Conclusion. Residents with previous laparoscopic suturing experience may gain more from a robotic surgery experience than those with limited laparoscopic surgery experience. In addition, dry lab training is more efficient than hands-on training in the initial phase of teaching for both laparoscopic and robotic suturing skills.
On Some -Finite-Type Euclidean Hypersurfaces
Authors: Mohammadpouri Akram , Kashani S. M. B.
Published: September 2012

We study some -finite-type Euclidean hypersurfaces. We classify -1-type Euclidean hypersurfaces and -null-2-type Euclidean hypersurfaces with at most two distinct principal curvatures. We also prove that, under some mild restrictions, there exists no -null-3-type Euclidean hypersurface.
Assessment of Lung Cytological Atypia among Shisha Smokers
Authors: Yahia Babiker Ali Yousif , Khair Abas Isra Mohammed , Alzohairy Mohammad A. , Ahmed Hussain
Published: September 2012

Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess frequency of lung epithelial atypia among Shisha users.Methods. Sputum samples were collected from 200 subjects (100 Shisha users (cases) and 100 nontobacco users (controls)). Cytological smears were prepared and demonstrated using Papanicolaou and silver nucleolar organizer region (AgNORs) methods.Results. Cytological atypia was identified among 2/100 (2%) of the cases, and no cytological atypia was found among controls. Respiratory squamous metaplasia was significantly higher among cases 42/100 (42%), compared to controls 7/100 (7%) (P<0.001). Shisha users were found more susceptible for bacterial infections 34 (34%) compared to controls 3/100 (3%), (P<0.0001). The mean AgNOR dots count was higher among cases (2.3±.23) than among controls (1±.2),P<0.001.Conclusion. In view of these findings, the consumption of Shisha is a risk factor for cellular proliferation activity in respiratory epithelium. The mean AgNORs count is a useful indicator for prediction of the risk of exposure to certain carcinogenic elements that may induce lung cancer.
Withaferin A Induces Proteasome-Dependent Degradation of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1 and Heat Shock Factor 1 Proteins in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Timmermann Barbara , Samadi Abbas K. , Cohen Mark S.
Published: September 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the regulation of prosurvival factors heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) by a natural withanolide withaferin A (WA) in triple negative breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and BT20. Western analysis was used to examine alternations in HSF1 and BRCA1 protein levels following WA treatment. A protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and a proteasome inhibitor MG132 were used to investigate the mechanisms of HSF1 and BRCA1 regulation by WA. It was found that WA induced a dose-dependent decrease in HSF1 and BRCA1 protein levels. Further analysis showed that levels of HSF1 and BRCA1 proteins decreased rapidly after WA treatment, and this was attributed to WA-induced denaturation of HSF1 and BRCA1 proteins and subsequent degradation via proteasome-dependent, and protein-synthesis dependent mechanism. In summary, WA induces denaturation and proteasomal degradation of HSF1 and BRCA1 proteins. Further studies are warranted to examine the contribution of HSF1 and BRCA1 depletion to the anticancer effects of WA in breast cancer.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Fluorapatite-Zinc Oxide (FAp-ZnO) Composite Nanopowders
Authors: Nasiri-Tabrizi Bahman , Fahami Abbas
Published: September 2012

Fluorapatite-zinc oxide (FAp-ZnO) composite nanopowders were successfully prepared via mechanochemical process. Characterization of the products was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. Results revealed that in the absence of ZnO which produced by hydrothermal method, the single-phase FAp had high-crystalline structure with appropriate morphological features. Furthermore, after 5 h of milling in the presence of 5 wt.% ZnO, FAp-5 wt.% ZnO, composite nanopowders with no impurity phase was obtained. Structural studies illustrated that the milling up to 5 h was not accompanied by a remarkable change in the structural features. Moreover, the gained composite powders presented an average crystallite size of about 40 nm for FAp. The FE-SEM observations indicated that the experimental outcome had a cluster-like structure which consisted of several small particles. Finally, results propose a new approach to prepare commercial amounts of novel FAp-based composite nanopowders with high quality and suitable structural and morphological features.
On the Majorana Equation: Relations between Its Complex Two-Component and Real Four-Component Eigenfunctions
Authors: Marsch Eckart
Published: September 2012

We first derive without recourse to the Dirac equation the two-component
Majorana equation with a mass term by a direct linearization of the relativistic
dispersion relation of a massive particle. Thereby, we make only use of the
complex conjugation operator and the Pauli spin matrices, corresponding to the
irreducible representation of the Lorentz group. Then we derive the complex
two-component eigenfunctions of the Majorana equation and the related quantum
fields in a concise way, by exploiting the so-called chirality conjugation
operator that involves the spin-flip operator. Subsequently, the four-component
spinor solutions of the real Majorana equation are derived, and their intrinsic relations
with the spinors of the complex two-component version of the Majorana
equation are revealed and discussed extensively.
Evaluation of Sodium Hyaluronate Lubricating Drops Used before Insertion of Contact Lenses on Symptomatology, Severity, and Intensity of Ocular Dryness
Authors: Michaud Langis , Frenette Benoît
Published: September 2012

Purpose. This study aimed to evaluate outcomes from the use of a sodium hyaluronate (SH)-based comfort drop, instilled before the insertion of contact lenses, in a population of symptomatic contact lens wearers. Methods. This was a cross-over, open-label, multi-sites study. Subjects were fitted with silicone hydrogel lenses and followed for two months. Before insertion of the lenses, SH drops was instilled in the lens for half of the group. The other half did the same on the second month. Objectives and subjective outcomes were measured and compared before from baseline with the ones collected after usage of SH drops.
Extracellular Proteins ofMycoplasma synoviae
Authors: Rebollo Couto Manuel Sebastián , Klein Catia Silene , Voss-Rech Daiane , Terenzi Hernán
Published: September 2012

Mycoplasma synoviaeis a Gram positive bacteria lacking of cell wall that affects chickens and turkeys causing infection in the upper respiratory tract and in some cases arthritis, with economical impact to broiler breeders. Treatment and prevention of avian synovitis depend on knowledge of the infectious process. Secreted or surface-exposed proteins play a critical role in disease because they often mediate interactions between host and pathogen. In the present work, we sought to identify possibleM. synoviaesecreted proteins by cultivating the bacteria in a modified protein-free Frey medium. Using this approach, we were able to detect in the cell-free fraction a number of proteins that have been shown in other organisms to be secreted, suggesting that they may also be secreted byM. synoviae.
The Linkage between Imported Energy and Trade in Taiwan
Authors: Hu Jin-Li , Chang Tzu-Pu , Yeh Fang-Yu , Yang Tzu-Cheng
Published: September 2012

This study examines the Granger causality between Taiwan's aggregate and disaggregate energy consumption and trade variables, including total imports (IM), total exports (EX), total energy consumption (ENERGY), oil and petroleum products consumption (OIL), coal and coal products consumption (COAL), natural gas consumption (GAS), export value of the industrial sector (EX_I), export value of heavy-chemical industrial products (EX_HI), and export value of non-heavy-chemical industrial products (EX_NHI) with monthly data during 1998–2009. Via applying Hsiao's version of the Granger causality method, the results find causality running from ENERGY to IM, EX, EX_I, and EX_HI. The impulse-response simulations show that the above relations have positive responses at the initial period. OIL Granger causes all trade variables. The impulse directions to IM and EX_NHI are negative, whereas others are positive. On the other hand, COAL responds to impulses in all trade variables. The impulse-response simulations show that these relations have positive responses at the initial period except for causality running from EX_HI and EX_NHI to COAL. GAS positively responds to impulses in EX, EX_I, and EX_HI at the initial period. The bidirectional Granger causality between pairs of variables (such as GAS and EX_NHI as well as GAS and EX_HI) is found.
Analysis of Laminated Architectural Glazing Subjected to Wind Load and Windborne Debris Impact
Authors: Shetty Mahesh S. , Dharani Lokeswarappa R. , Stutts Daniel S.
Published: September 2012

During windstorms and hurricanes, architectural glazing is subjected to wind loading and windborne debris impact. Wind-borne debris is categorized into two types. One is small hard missile like roof gravel and the other is large soft missile representing the lumber from wood-framed buildings. Laminated architectural glazing (LAG) is the commonly used glazing in buildings where impact resistance is needed. The prefailure stress response of the LAG due to the combined loading due to wind and windborne debris impact is studied. Following the ASTM standards (E1886 and E1996), a steel ball with an impact velocity of 39.62 m/s and a wooden cylinder with an impact velocity 12.19 m/s were chosen to be representative of small and large missiles, respectively. A lateral pressure that corresponds to a wind speed of 58.11 m/s was used to represent wind loading on LAG. The effect of geometric and material properties on the stress response of a rectangular LAG is studied parametrically. Thinner outer ply would result in better prefailure stress pattern than a thicker outer ply, while thicker interlayer generally results in lower stresses in failure critical areas. The contribution of wind loading to the principal stress is between 5–10% of the combined stress with small missile case having higher percentage.
Mental Health Needs of Young People with Problematic Drug and Alcohol Use in Manchester
Authors: Marshall Ruth , Theodosiou Louise , Bhat Prashant , Ghosh Anita , Ark Jade
Published: September 2012

Background. Studies have indicated possible links between substance use disorder and other psychiatric disorders and suggested a high prevalence of unmet mental health needs amongst those with substance use disorders compared to the general population. Method. The study investigated the mental health needs of adolescents attending a substance misuse service. Mental health needs were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Conners screen for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and a brief measure ascertaining demographics, drug use, and the service required by young people. Results.
Young people were found to have higher than normal rates of mental health problems; this was not reflected in referral rates from the service. Conclusion. The findings are relevant to both commissioners and service providers. There is a need for integration between mental health services and those working with young substance users to provide a model of care that caters for dual diagnosis. Furthermore, offering mental health training to teams working with drug-using young people is recommended.
The Political Perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Critical Research Agenda
Authors: Whelan Glen
Published: September 2012

I here advance a critical research agenda for the political perspective of corporate social responsibility (Political CSR). I argue that whilst the ‘Political’ CSR literature is notable for both its conceptual novelty and practical importance, its development has been hamstrung by four ambiguities, conflations and/or oversights. More positively, I argue that ‘Political’ CSR should be conceived as one potentialformof globalization, and not as aconsequenceof ‘globalization’; that contemporary Western MNCs should be presumed to engage in CSR for instrumental reasons; that ‘Political’ CSR should be associated with a corresponding ‘political’ model of corporate governance; and that both a ‘Rawlsian’ and ‘Habermasian’ perspective of Political CSR are different from ‘Political’ CSR. In concluding, I use these four critiques to identify a number of areas within which increasingly robust and sophisticated positive and normative theories of Political CSR are required.
Neural Stem Cell Grafting Counteracts Hippocampal Injury-Mediated Impairments in Mood, Memory, and Neurogenesis
Authors: Hattiangady Bharathi , Shetty Ashok K.
Published: September 2012

The hippocampus is vital for functions such as mood and memory. Hippocampal injury typically leads to mood and memory impairments associated with reduced and aberrant neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. We examined whether neural stem cell (NSC) grafting after hippocampal injury would counteract impairments in mood, memory, and neurogenesis. We expanded NSCs from the anterior subventricular zone (SVZ) of postnatal F344 rat pups expressing the human placental alkaline phosphatase and grafted them into the hippocampus of young adult F344 rats at 5 days after an injury inflicted through a unilateral intracerebroventricular administration of kainic acid. Analyses through forced swim, water maze, and novel object recognition tests revealed significant impairments in mood and memory function in animals that underwent injury and sham-grafting surgery. In contrast, animals that received SVZ-NSC grafts after injury exhibited mood and memory function comparable to those of naïve control animals. Graft-derived cells exhibited excellent survival and pervasive migration, and they differentiated into neurons, subtypes of inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and oligodendrocyte progenitors. Significant fractions of graft-derived cells also expressed beneficial neurotrophic factors such as the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Furthermore, SVZ-NSC grafting counteracted the injury-induced reductions and abnormalities in neurogenesis by both maintaining a normal level of NSC activity in the subgranular zone and providing protection to reelin+ interneurons in the dentate gyrus. These results underscore that early SVZ-NSC grafting intervention after hippocampal injury is efficacious for thwarting mood and memory dysfunction and abnormal neurogenesis.
Overview on Reproductive Endocrine Aspects in Buffalo
Authors: Terzano Giuseppina Maria , Barile Vittoria Lucia , Borghese Antonio
Published: September 2012

Buffalo is an important worldwide species in terms of milk and meat production as well as draft. The major constraints to full exploitation of the productive potential of buffalo are its inherent low reproductive efficiency due to delayed puberty, higher age at first calving, long post partum anoestrus period, long intercalving period, silent heat coupled with poor expression of oestrus, seasonality in breeding and low conception rate. Reproductive cycles in buffalo are regulated by endocrine-neuroendocrine interactions between hypothalamic, gonadotropic, gonadal and other hormones. To improve the buffalo reproductive efficiency, the investigation on endocrine aspects is useful to gain a better knowledge of buffalo reproduction. This review is focused on the information available on various basic hormones (Melatonin, Progesterone (P4), Estradiol 17B (E2), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH)) and on new hormones (Inhibin, Glycoproteins associated with pregnancy (PAGs), Leptin) related to reproductive function.
Technologies Related with the Artificial Insemination in Buffalo
Authors: Barile Vittoria Lucia
Published: September 2012

In buffalo oestrus behaviour has a lower intensity than in cows and is much more difficult to detect, limiting the application of artificial insemination (AI) program. Several methods of heat detection have been developed for use in cattle; these include visual observation, heat mount detectors, tail paint, chin-ball markers, teaser animals and electronic devices. In buffalo, unlike cattle, the female are receptive to mounting activity mainly by the bull and occasionally by other cows. Consequently unless a buffalo bull is to be left running with the herd it can be difficult to know when oestrus is occurring. The presence of a teaser bull is helpful to identify buffaloes in heat; in this case the standing oestrus is the most reliable sign referable to a next ovulation. Other heat detection aids utilized in buffalo include: pedometers; vaginal probes; pressure sensitive telemetry device (Heat Watch®). In order to increase the use of AI easy management schemes, that not require the identification of oestrus, have been studied. These schemes are based on the manipulation of the hormonal events occurring during the oestrous cycle as: manipulate peripheral progesterone concentration (by PGF2a or progesterone releasing device); manipulate follicular growth and timing of ovulation (by GnRH and PGF2a). A brief description of these technologies, with special reference to synchronization protocols to apply fixed time AI in buffalo, are presented in this review. The potential application of predetermining the sex of offspring will be also discussed, with reference to the techniques available for commercial practice in buffalo.
Molecular Tools in Buffalo’s Characterization: Practical Applications. A Review
Authors: Reinosa Odalys Uffo , Abad Atzel Acosta
Published: September 2012

The utility of the techniques of analysis concerning DNA is clear and a review of the main applications of the molecular tools in the genetic characterization of buffalo populations is done.
The Pregnancy Diagnosis in Buffalo Species: Laboratory Methods
Authors: Barbato Olimpia , Barile Vittoria Lucia
Published: September 2012

Pregnancy diagnosis plays an important role in the reproduction management of ruminants since embryonic mortality has a substantial impact on the fertility of a herd. Most of the embryonic losses occur during the first days after fertilization and during the process of implantation. So it is very important to discriminate, with an early pregnancy diagnosis, non-pregnant from pregnant animals. Hormone analysis to detect pregnancy may be utilize as a more simple technique as an alternative of rectal palpation or ultrasound. In the last years, a large polymorphic family of placenta-expressed proteins has been discovered in ruminant species and used for pregnancy diagnosis. Members of this family are named pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG), being synthesized in the mono-and binucleate cells of the ruminant’s trophectoderm. Part of them is released in the maternal blood circulation where they can be assayed by different laboratory techniques. Due to large variety of expressed molecules and to large variations in the post-translational processing of the PAG, different immuno-systems present different ability to quantify the PAG released in blood. The assay of PAG can also bring very interesting information for researchers working in programs focused on the study of embryonic and fetal mortalities, as well as on embryo biotechnology, animal nutrition or infections diseases resulting in pathologies affecting the pregnancy.
Kinome Profiling
Authors: Peppelenbosch Maikel P.
Published: September 2012

The use of arrays in genomics has led to a fast and reliable way to screen the transcriptome of an organism. It can be automated and analysis tools have become available and hence the technique has become widely used within the past few years. Signal-transduction routes rely mainly on the phosphorylation status of already available proteins; therefore kinases are central players in signal-transduction routes. The array technology can now also be used for the analysis of the kinome. To enable array analysis, consensus peptides for kinases are spot on a solid support. After incubation with cell lysates and in the presence of radioactive ATP, radioactive peptides can be visualized and the kinases that are active in the cells can be determined. The present paper reviews comprehensively the different kinome array platforms available and results obtained hitherto using such platforms. It will appear that this technology does not disappoint its high expectations and is especially powerful because of its species independence. Nevertheless, improvements are still possible and I shall also sketch future possible directions.
Characteristic Processes in Close Peer Friendships of Preterm Infants at Age 12
Authors: Sullivan Mary C. , Barcelos Winchester Suzy , Parker Jeffrey G. , Marks Amy K.
Published: September 2012

Close friendships become important at middle-school age and are unexplored in adolescents born prematurely. The study aimed to characterize friendship behaviors of formerly preterm infants at age 12 and explore similarities and differences between preterm and full-term peers on dyadic friendship types. From the full sample ofN=186, one hundred sixty-six 12-year-old adolescents (40 born full term, 126 born preterm) invited a close friend to a 1.5 hour videotaped laboratory play session. Twenty adolescents were unable to participate due to scheduling conflicts or developmental disability. Characteristic friendship behaviors were identified by Q-sort followed by Q-factoring analysis. Friendship duration, age, and contact differed between the full-term and preterm groups but friendship activities, behaviors, and quality were similar despite school service use. Three Q-factors, leadership, distancing, and mutual playfulness, were most characteristic of all dyads, regardless of prematurity. These prospective, longitudinal findings demonstrate diminished prematurity effects at adolescence in peer friendship behavior and reveal interpersonal dyadic processes that are important to peer group affiliation and other areas of competence.
Leaf Spectra and Weight of Species in Canopy, Subcanopy, and Understory Layers in a Venezuelan Andean Cloud Forest
Authors: Acevedo Miguel F. , Ataroff Michele
Published: September 2012

We characterize the leaf spectra of tree species of an Andean cloud forest in Venezuela, grouped according to position in canopy, subcanopy and understory. We measured leaf reflectance and transmittance spectra in the 400–750 nm range using a high-resolution spectrometer. Both signals were subtracted from unity to calculate the absorbance signal. Nine spectral variables were calculated for each signal, three based on wide-bands and six based on features. We measured leaf mass per unit area of all species, and calculated efficiency of absorbance, as ratio of absorbance in photosynthetic range over leaf mass. Differences among groups were significant for several absorbance and transmittance variables, leaf mass, and efficiency of absorbance. The clearest differences are between canopy and understory species. There is strong correlation for at least one pair of band variables for each signal, and each band variable is strongly correlated with at least one feature variable for most signals. High canonical correlations are obtained between pairs of the three canonical axes for bands and the first three canonical axes for features. Absorbance variables produce species clusters having the closest correspondence to the species groups. Linear discriminant analysis shows that species groups can be sorted by all signals, particularly absorbance.
Le secteur « Femmes » de l’Entente Canada-communauté-Ontario : des priorités pour l’avenir
Authors: Dery Élaine
Published: September 2012

Cet article présente brièvement les priorités du secteur « Femmes » liées à l’Entente Canada-communauté-Ontario. Il donne également un aperçu de la manière dont ces priorités ont été établies par les femmes et les groupes de femmes francophones grâce à un processus de consultation provinciale mené par la Table féministe francophone de concertation provinciale de l’Ontario.
Les obstacles à l’intégration au marché du travail des femmes monoparentales à faible revenu
Authors: Houle1 Pascale
Published: September 2012

Cette recherche visait à connaître la réalité socio-économique des femmes francophones monoparentales à faible revenu de la ville d’Ottawa et leurs besoins en matière de services en français. Afin d’effectuer la collecte de données, nous avons mis sur pied un groupe de discussion composé de seize femmes francophones. Plusieurs thèmes ont été abordés lors de l’entrevue de groupe, mais, pour les besoins de l’article, seuls certains ont été retenus. En ce qui a trait aux résultats de la recherche, l’analyse montre que le faible niveau d’éducation, l’unilinguisme, le manque de formation et l’inaccessibilité des garderies sont des obstacles rencontrés par les femmes dans leurs démarches d’intégration au marché du travail.
Quand le harcèlement se mêle au travail ou aux études…
Authors: Garceau Marie-Luce
Published: September 2012

Le harcèlement sexiste et sexuel existe bel et bien en milieu postsecondaire dans les institutions du Nord de l’Ontario. L’ampleur du harcèlement sexiste et sexuel est élevée puisque près de sept femmes sur dix qui étudient ou qui travaillent dans ces milieux, disent en avoir été les victimes. Dans ces milieux, le harcèlement s’exerce principalement par l’instauration d’un climat sexiste et d’un climat empoisonné de travail et d’études entre pairs. L’auteure insiste, en conclusion, sur l’importance que l’on doit accorder au phénomène, tout particulièrement parce que les institutions d’éducation ont le devoir de soutenir les étudiantes comme leur personnel.
Perceptions de femmes cadres dans une entreprise typiquement masculine1
Authors: Eliev Sika , Bernier Christiane
Published: September 2012

Depuis une dizaine d’années, plusieurs recherches ont porté sur l’articulation travail-famille avec l’objectif d’expliquer pourquoi un si petit nombre de femmes accèdent à des postes de cadre ou de gestionnaire dans les entreprises. D’autres études se sont penchées sur le rapport entre l’organisation, la culture de l’entreprise comme telle et le fait d’être une femme en poste de responsabilité. Elles arguent qu’une culture typiquement masculine dans l’entreprise est un obstacle de taille à l’avancement des femmes dans la hiérarchie organisationnelle: c’est la fameuse thèse du «plafond de verre» développée depuis les années quatre-vingt. La présente recherche montre la perception que les femmes cadres ont de leur milieu de travail et d’elles-mêmes, lorsqu’elles occupent un poste de responsabilité dans des entreprises typiquement masculines du secteur industriel.
Représentations des jeunes précaires à propos de leurs pratiques dans le monde du travail et de la vie quotidienne
Authors: Grell Paul
Published: September 2012

L’analyse qualitative se fonde ici sur un échantillon représentatif (n=37) de jeunes francophones de l’Est du Nouveau-Brunswick qui ont eu une scolarité faible au cours de leurs études secondaires. Cet article vise à comprendre les modes d’expression de sujets vivant dans un espace-temps à haut risque où se creusent les écarts entre l’imaginaire « fonctionnel-rationnel » ambiant et leur vie effective. Ces jeunes précaires développent un art de vivre, une culture fondée sur la reconnaissance du quotidien.
Intervenir auprès des survivants de guerre, de torture et de violence organisée : compte-rendu d’un projet de recherche entre l’Université Wilfrid Laurier et le Centre de santé communautaire de Hamilton et Niagara
Authors: Diallo Lamine , Lafrenière Ginette
Published: September 2012

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, le visage de l’immigration au Canada a changé profondément. Avec une immigration d’environ 165 000 personnes entre 2000 et 2001 (Statistiques Canada, 2003), le Canada qui se déclare une société multiculturelle est toujours à la recherche d’une insertion harmonieuse de ces nouveaux arrivants. Aujourd’hui, le pays accueille de plus en plus des personnes immigrantes et réfugiées provenant de pays ravagés par la guerre ou la violence politique. Plusieurs d’entre elles sont des francophones et des francophiles (personnes n’ayant pas le français comme langue officielle, mais qui choisissent le français comme nouvelle langue) qui proviennent d’Asie, d’Afrique et d’Amérique latine. Nous constatons qu’un grand nombre de ces nouveaux immigrants souffrent de problèmes post-traumatiques. Cet article expose les résultats d’une recherche du Centre de santé communautaire de Hamilton-Niagara (CSCH), laquelle visait à identifier les meilleures pratiques s’adressant à ces nouveaux immigrants dont une proportion importante souffre de problèmes d’adaptation.
Les Franco-Ontariens : la résistance comme mode de vie
Authors: Welch David
Published: September 2012

Dans un premier temps, ce texte décrit certaines des grandes transformations sociales, économiques et politiques ayant marqué la communauté franco-ontarienne depuis le dix-neuvième siècle, ainsi que certaines des conséquences de ces transformations pour l'intervention sociale et communautaire. Par la suite, l'auteur suggère des pistes de réflexions vers lesquelles la recherche et l'intervention pourraient s'orienter pour mieux s'adapter aux réalités actuelles de cette population.

La toile de fond qui sous-tend cet article se base sur une vision dynamique de la communauté franco-ontarienne, vision qui présente cette population non comme victime, mais plutôt comme actrice engagée dans la transformation de la communauté.
Étude comparative des caractéristiques internes et de l’environnement externe des communautés d’entraide francophone et anglophone de Sudbury-Manitoulin
Authors: Adam Dyane
Published: September 2012

La présente recherche porte sur la communauté d’entraide du district de Sudbury-Manitoulin(Ontario), secteur caractérisé, entre autres, par le multiculturalisme et le bilinguisme. Plus précisément,cette étude constitue une analyse comparative des communautés d’entraide francophoneet anglophone au niveau du champ d’intérêt des groupes, de leur organisation interne et de lanature des liens qu’il maintiennent avec leur environnement externe. Les résultats suggèrent queles groupes d’entraide des deux communautés en question diffèrent non seulement au point devue du nombre et de la diversité, mais également, et de façon significative, dans la nature desproblèmes traités et dans la participation du secteur professionnel. Il semble également y avoir unparallèle étroit entre l’organisation du système formel de soins de santé et des services sociaux etle développement de l’entraide dans les deux groupes étudiés.
Programme de promotion de la santé et du bien-être au travail : le travail par quarts… ça s’améliore
Authors: Barette Lise , Picard Louise , Beyers Joanne , Taillefer Teresa
Published: September 2012

Le programme de santé et de bien-être au travail LE TRAVAIL PAR QUARTS… ÇA S’AMÉ-LIORE a été conçu par une équipe interdisciplinaire de Sudbury et Timmins afin de répondreà des besoins identifiés dans le nord de l’Ontario. Cet article discute des effets du travail parquarts et décrit le développement, la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation d’un programme de promotionde la santé et du bien-être pour les travailleuses et travailleurs de quarts.
Transiger quotidiennement avec des phénomènes de violence : risque personnel pas toujours calculé
Authors: Dubord Léo
Published: September 2012

Cet article présente la problématique de la travailleuse sociale quitransige quotidiennement avec des phénomènes de violence. Ondémasque certains messages subtils cachés sous la plupart des actesviolents. Enfin, l’auteur propose des méthodes concrètes pourcontrer les raisonnements qui maintiennent subrepticement leclimat de violence.
Résistance et créativité : pratiques alternatives des familles démunies
Authors: Kérisit Michèle , St-Amand Nérée
Published: September 2012

En utilisant des exemples concrets tirés de notre recherche sur les ressources alternatives pour familles démunies au Canada, nous illustrons comment de nombreuses familles défavorisées, avec l’aide d’organismes communautaires, résistent aux coups qui leur sont portés par une économie et un climat politique de plus en plus hostiles à leur qualité de vie. Les pratiques d’intervention décrites ici se centrent sur le développement des liens sociaux au sein des organismes eux-mêmes et au sein des communautés et par là même nous invitent à repenser les approches d’intervention possibles auprès des familles francophones démunies en Ontario.
Être une immigrante noire africaine francophone à Toronto : vécu et perception des rapports de genre
Authors: Mianda Gertrude
Published: September 2012

Cette étude qualitative traite du vécu et de la perception des rapports de genre des femmes immigrantes originaires de l’Afrique subsaharienne francophone à Toronto. Les contraintes de la vie d’immigrante engendrent une nouvelle situation qui les amène à vivre leurs rapports de genre dans une certaine tension. Leur perception de ces rapports en influencée par leur culture d’origine. Les Canadiennes, de leur côté, jugent les immigrantes africaines à partir des stéréotypesvéhiculés sur les Africaines. De là une certaine méfiance accentuée par les discriminations sexisteet raciste dont sont victimes les femmes immigrantes africaines au Canada. Aussi se sentent-ellesbeaucoup plus solidaires des hommes de leur communauté qui vivent la même exclusion.
Corps, santé, apparence et vieillissement dans les énoncés de femmes francophones en Ontario
Authors: Beausoleil Natalie
Published: September 2012

Cet article examine le rapport au corps et la représentation de soi de quelques femmes francophones en Ontario, à partir d’entretiens faits à Ottawa, Sudbury et Toronto. La première partie du texte montre comment les femmes francophones minoritaires partagent avec d’autres femmes de la société occidentale contemporaine des préoccupations de vieillissement, de santé et d’apparence. La deuxième partie du texte propose quelques jalons pour l’étude des spécificitésdu vécu corporel de femmes francophones minoritaires. Ce texte souligne l’importance decomprendre les complexités du vécu des femmes et leur lucidité face aux obligations corporellesqui façonnent leur identité et leur santé.
Perspectives et place des pères dans les services de protection de l’enfance et de la jeunesse
Authors: Davies Linda , Mulcahy Meghan , Mechan Kate , Deslauriers Jean-Martin
Published: September 2012

Parmi les nouveaux courants de recherche et les pratiques émergentes en travail social auprès des familles, se retrouve la question de la place des pères dans les familles et dans les interventions. Par ailleurs, cette reconceptualisation de la paternité, tant sur le plan théorique que pratique, s’accompagne de tensions entre différentes idéologies. Notamment, selon que l’on adhère à une définition plutôt conservatrice, féministe ou liée aux droits des pères, ces derniers sont appelés à jouer des rôles forts différents auprès des mères et des enfants. La façon dont les travailleurs sociaux se situent face à ces tendances induira différentes façons d’accompagner les familles et les pères. Il s’avère donc pertinent d’étudier les courants de pensée présents dans ce champ de façon, à savoir la place qu’ils réservent aux besoins des pères. Ultimement, cette réflexion pourrait susciter le développement de nouvelles approches d’intervention en travail social auprès des pères. Cette question est abordée dans cet article sous l’angle des services de protection de l’enfance et de la jeunesse.
La promotion de l’engagement paternel, des archétypes à transformer, une pratique à construire
Authors: Forget1 Gilles
Published: September 2012

Le rôle du père à l’égard du développement, de la santé et du bien-être de l’enfant et la place qu’on lui accorde dans les services sont une préoccupation croissante des communautés scientifique et politique. Des milieux de pratiques se sont aussi intéressés au rôle du père dans un contexte où de nombreux changements sont survenus au sein des familles. Les attentes sociales envers les pères sont teintées par des archétypes qui balisent les rôles des parents de même que les services que l’on prévoit à leur endroit. Ces archétypes voient toujours l’apport particulier des mères au développement de l’enfant et relèguent le père au rôle de pourvoyeur. Interroger les intervenants sur la place des pères dans leurs interventions les amène à revoir leurs perceptions sur la contribution de ces derniers au développement de l’enfant, de même que leurs attitudes et leurs approches auprès d’eux. Le transfert des connaissances issu des travaux de l’équipe ProsPère, associée au Groupe de recherche sur la victimisation des enfants, s’est fait de différentes façons. Pour rejoindre les intervenants, des membres de l’équipe ont élaboré, validé et déployé au Québec, au Canada et en France une formation. Une réflexion à partir de notre expérience en tant que chercheur et formateur servira à illustrer certains principes qui favorisent une meilleure prise en compte des besoins des pères dans les services de même que certaines barrières à ce sujet. Cette réflexion servira aussi à proposer des balises pour construire de nouvelles pratiques favorisant l’engagement paternel.
Les pères dans l’histoire : un rôle en évolution
Authors: St-Denis Josée , St-Amand Nérée
Published: September 2012

Ces bribes d’histoire de la paternité nous renseignent sur l’origine de quelques lois, traditions, croyances, moeurs qui ont marqué l’évolution du rôle des pères. Quelle place occupaient-ils? Quelles lois ont influencé leur rôle au sein de la famille? Comment leurs responsabilités ont-elles évolué à travers le temps? Ces questions nous ont motivés à effectuer une première recherche sur l’historique de la paternité dans le cadre de notre mémoire de maîtrise en service social (St-Denis-Patry, 2002). Sept ans plus tard, du mémoire à l’article, nous y avons ajouté un bilan de nos recherches sur la paternité et, avec l’aide du co-auteur, nous proposons certaines réflexions sur des enjeux sociaux qui s’y relient.

Cet article présente d’abord quelques volets de l’histoire de la paternité en touchant brièvement la période de l’Antiquité, le Moyen-âge en France et l’ère préindustrielle et industrielle, tant en France qu’au Québec. Par la suite, nous proposons quelques liens entre certains phénomènes sociaux contemporains comme le divorce, la monoparentalité et la garde partagée et les nouveaux rôles des pères. Une réflexion sur certaines conséquences de tels changements au niveau de l’intervention sociale conclura ce texte.
L’expérience des futurs jeunes pères durant la période prénatale
Authors: Deslauriers Jean-Martin
Published: September 2012

Cet article porte sur l’expérience que vivent durant la période prénatale des jeunes hommes qui vont devenir pères. Une recherche a été menée auprès de trente jeunes pères dont la compagne était âgée de moins de vingt ans à la date prévue d’accouchement. Il en ressort notamment qu’une fois la poursuite de la grossesse confirmée, ils sont généralement déterminés à s’acquitter des responsabilités liées au rôle de père, et ce, en dépit de conditions défavorables, telles que leur jeune âge, leur faible scolarité et le peu de temps dont ils ont bénéficié pour établir un lien avec leur compagne. L’analyse des entrevues révèle que le sens que ces futurs pères donnent à leur expérience constitue un contrepoids aux tensions causées par leur jeune âge, leur situation socioéconomique et le poids des responsabilités entraînées par le rôle à venir.
Étude cinétique et thermodynamique de l’adsorption d’un colorant basique sur la sciure de bois
Authors: Belaid Kumar Djamel , Kacha Smaïl
Published: September 2012

L'adsorption du colorant textile rouge basique Neutral Red (RBNR) sur la sciure du bois a été étudiée. La cinétique, la thermodynamique et les isothermes d'adsorption ont été utilisés pour identifier les mécanismes de la rétention. Les expériences, menées en réacteur fermé et parfaitement agité, pour la détermination de la cinétique, ont été réalisées après réglage des paramètres influençant le système, tels le pH, la masse d'adsorbant et la concentration initiale en colorant. Les résultats obtenus ont été modélisés suivant les équations cinétiques du pseudo-premier ordre, pseudo-second ordre, ainsi que ceux liés à la diffusion externe et intraparticulaire. Les résultats expérimentaux de la réaction globale sont parfaitement ajustables au pseudo-second ordre, avec de très grands coefficients de régression. La diffusion intraparticulaire est l'étape déterminante dans le processus d'adsorption au‑dela de 60 min de contact. La thermodynamique et les isothermes d'adsorption prédisent le passage d'une réaction de surface exothermique spontanée, de type chimiosorption, avec rétention des molécules de RBNR en monocouches organisées sur la surface de l'adsorbant.