bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunogenic Cell Death in Hematological Malignancy Therapy
Authors: Liu Zhaoyun , Xu Xintong , Liu Kaining , Zhang Jingtian , Ding Dan , Fu Rong
Published: February 2023

Although the curative effect of hematological malignancies has been improved in recent years, relapse or drug resistance of hematological malignancies will eventually recur. Furthermore, the microenvironment disorder is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a unique mechanism of regulated cell death (RCD) that triggers an intact antigen‐specific adaptive immune response by firing a set of danger signals or damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which is an immunotherapeutic modality with the potential for the treatment of hematological malignancies. This review summarizes the existing knowledge about the induction of ICD in hematological malignancies and the current research on combining ICD inducers with other treatment strategies for hematological malignancies.
Is paid sick leave bad for business? A systematic review
Authors: Vander Weerdt Candice , Stoddard‐Dare Patricia , DeRigne LeaAnne
Published: February 2023

Vigorous legislative activity both for and against paid sick leave has occurred over the last decade. Although a compelling body of evidence suggests that paid sick leave supports personal and public health goals, a notable barrier in opposition to paid sick leave is apprehension about the potential short‐term and long‐term harms to business. This review critically assesses the relationship between paid sick leave and favorable or unfavorable business conditions. Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically review six research databases between 2000 and November 2022. Of 2664 studies identified, 123 were considered potentially relevant and 43 were included in the review. In addition to absence from work, paid sick leave was associated with favorable business conditions such as increased job satisfaction; improved retention; and reductions in occupational injury, contagion, presenteeism, and death; as well as some measures of firm performance and labor market conditions. Overall, our review discovered more evidence supporting the relationship between paid sick leave and favorable business conditions as compared with evidence that supported unfavorable business conditions. Although more research is needed, these findings can be used to inform firm‐level and public policy decisions about paid sick leave.
Key achievements of New South Wales local government Disability Inclusion Action Plans in the era of inclusion policy and planning: A policy content analysis
Authors: Butler Katie
Published: February 2023

Contributing to a national policy reform intended to make meaningful advancements to the social and economic inclusion of disabled people, local government councils in NSW, Australia, have been required to have in place a Disability Inclusion Action Plan since 2017 under the Disability Inclusion Act of 2014. Five years on, this qualitative policy content analysis examined the key achievements promoted by 32 councils under the first generation of plans, and also identified where action has been limited. Councils were found to have invested significantly in making improvements to the built environment. Hosting accessible events and programs was also a commonly reported achievement, as was facilitating access to accessible information and technology. Councils took proactive roles in supporting and educating communities, business and their employees in inclusive practice. There were many achievements related to employment opportunities; however, these were generally narrow in expectation and impact, suggesting this was the area councils struggled with most. Councils also showed they were forecasting ahead, outlining consultative processes and policy changes, which would influence systemic improvements in accessibility and inclusion into the future. Councils have taken significant steps to advance the inclusion agenda; however, there remain areas where greater attention and support are required.
The preoperative SOFA score and remnant small intestine length are postoperative risk factors for mortality in patients with non‐occlusive mesenteric ischemia: a case–control study
Authors: Umemoto Kazufumi , Kato Kentaro , Yamabuki Takumi , Takada Minoru , Ambo Yoshiyasu , Nakamura Fumitaka , Hirano Satoshi
Published: February 2023

Aim

Non‐occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) is a fatal condition with a low survival rate in most cases. The risk factors for perioperative mortality in NOMI cases are unclear. The purpose of this study was to define the risk factors for mortality in patients with NOMI undergoing surgery.

Methods

Thirty‐eight consecutive patients who underwent surgery for NOMI at Teine Keijinkai Hospital between 2012 and 2020 were included in the study. Patient information, including age, sex, physical findings, comorbidities, laboratory data, and computed tomography and surgical findings were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Of the 38 patients, 18 (47%) died before discharge. Significant univariate predictors of mortality were a high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, high lactate level, low blood pH, and short intestinal length after surgery. In the multivariate analysis, a high SOFA score (odds ratio 1.33, P = 0.036) and short intestine length after surgery (odds ratio 34.7, P = 0.003) were identified as independent risk factors for perioperative mortality.

Conclusion

The preoperative SOFA score and postoperative residual intestinal length may be predictors of death in NOMI surgical patients, not age and the content of comorbidities.
Development and validation of an HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of HSK7653, a novel super long‐acting dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, in human plasma and urine and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Liu Yang , Yan Shuai , Liu Jie , Liu Hongzhong , Song Ling , Yao Xueting , Jiang Ji , Li Fangqiong , Du Ke , Liu Dongyang , Hu Pei
Published: February 2023

HSK7653 is a novel super long‐acting dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, which is promising for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the twice‐monthly dosing regimen. In this article, a robust and sensitive HPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method for determining the concentration of HSK7653 in human plasma and urine was developed and validated for the first time. Plasma and urine samples were prepared by protein precipitation. After that, the extracts were analyzed using an LC‐20A HPLC system coupled with API 4000 tandem MS equipped with an electrospray ionization source in positive mode. Separation was obtained using an XBridge Phenyl column (2.1 × 50 mm, 3.5 μm) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid and 5% acetonitrile at room temperature. This bioanalysis method has been fully validated and the results showed good sensitivity and specificity. In brief, the standard curves were linear over the concentration range of 2.00–2000 ng/ml for plasma and 20.0–20,000 ng/ml for urine, respectively. In addition, the precisions of inter‐ and intra‐run of HSK7653 were less than 12.7% and the accuracies were −3.3% to 6.3% for both plasma and urine. Finally, this method was successfully applied to explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of HSK7653 in Chinese healthy volunteers in a first‐in‐human study.
Advancing students' trouble shooting skills with open‐ended questions and computer‐aided learning using Aspen Plus® in a multistage lab experiment
Authors: Elkhatat Ahmed M. , Al‐Muhtaseb Shaheen A.
Published: February 2023

Open‐ended questions and a computer‐aided learning approach using the Aspen Plus® Sensitivity Analysis Tool (OEQ‐CAL/APSAT) was used to simulate a multistage lab experiment of a piping system (consisting of pumps, pipes, and valves) as part of the Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer Laboratory course delivered within the Qatar University's curriculum for the Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering. To evaluate the learning goals of this approach, three‐stage experiments were used. Results indicated that students gained a deep understanding of the material and showed a strong interest, demonstrated by the student's participation in the OEQ‐CAL/APSAT activity. As the complexity and realistic nature of cases being studied can be increased using this approach, laboratory courses can be taught more effectively, and the corresponding investigations can be expanded with virtual experiments. In addition, it is a practical choice to maximize the use of resources and an effective replacement for laboratory experiments in case of pandemics, confinement, or interest in testing the effects of hazardous conditions to ensure sustained learning outcomes.
Quantification of Phenolic Component by LC‐HESI‐MS/MS and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activities of Crocus Ancyrensis (Ankara Çiğdemi) Extracts Obtained with Different Solvents
Authors: Kayir Ömer , Doğan Hacer , Alver Erol , Bilici İbrahim
Published: February 2023

In this study, Crocus ancyrensis was extracted from different parts of the plants with various solvents and their antioxidant activities and phenolic contents were investigated in detail for the first time. The highest amount of total phenolic substance in all parts of the plant was determined in the stigmaless flower. In the DPPH and FRAP methods, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from the water extraction from the plant. Rutin is the highest detected by LC MS/MS. Stigmaless flower extract in all solvents is attributed to the component that contributes the most to antioxidant capacity. p‐hydroxy benzoic acid was detected as the highest phenolic component after rutin. When the antioxidant activity results were examined, it was determined that the highest activity was in the water extract. As a result, it is evaluated that rutin and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid in the plant contribute to the antioxidant capacity.
Rapid Biocatalytic Synthesis of Aromatic Acid CoA Thioesters by Using Microbial Aromatic Acid CoA Ligases
Authors: Chaudhury Debayan , Torkelson Ella R. , Meyers Kaya A. , Acheson Justin F. , Landucci Leta , Pu Yucen , Sun Zimou , Tonelli Marco , Bingman Craig A. , Smith Rebecca A. , Karlen Steven D. , Mansfield Shawn D. , Ralph John , Fox Brian G.
Published: February 2023

Chemically labile ester linkages can be introduced into lignin by incorporation of monolignol conjugates, which are synthesized in planta by acyltransferases that use a coenzyme A (CoA) thioester donor and a nucleophilic monolignol alcohol acceptor. The presence of these esters facilitates processing and aids in the valorization of renewable biomass feedstocks. However, the effectiveness of this strategy is potentially limited by the low steady‐state levels of aromatic acid thioester donors in plants. As part of an effort to overcome this, aromatic acid CoA ligases involved in microbial aromatic degradation were identified and screened against a broad panel of substituted cinnamic and benzoic acids involved in plant lignification. Functional fingerprinting of this ligase library identified four robust, highly active enzymes capable of facile, rapid, and high‐yield synthesis of aromatic acid CoA thioesters under mild aqueous reaction conditions mimicking in planta activity.
Lysosomes Targeting pH Activable Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Agents
Authors: Figliola Carlotta , Anton Halina , Sutter Christophe , Chériaux Camille , Sutter Alexandra , Mazan Valérie , Elhabiri Mourad , Didier Pascal , Jacquemin Denis , Ulrich Gilles
Published: February 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry‐based medical treatment combining light at a specific wavelength and a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen. Application of PDT as a conventional treatment is limited and clearly the approval in clinics of new PS is challenging. The selective accumulation of the PS in the targeted malignant cells is of paramount importance to reduce the side effects that are typical of the current worldwide approved PS. Here we report a new series of aniline‐ and iodine‐substituted BODIPY derivatives (1–3) as promising lysosome‐targeting and pH‐responsive theranostic PS, which displayed a significant in vitro light‐induced cytotoxicity, efficient imaging properties and low dark toxicity (for 2 and 3). These compounds were obtained in few reproducible synthetic steps and good yields. Spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements along with computational calculations confirmed the quenching of the emissive properties of the PS, while both fluorescence and 1O2 emission were obtained only under acidic conditions inducing amine protonation. The pKa values and pH‐dependent emissive properties of 1–3 being established, their cellular uptake and activation in the lysosomal vesicles (pH≈4‐5) were confirmed by their co‐localization with the commercial LysoTracker deep red and light‐induced cytotoxicity (IC50 between 0.16 and 0.06 μM) against HeLa cancer cells.
Impact of frailty on outcomes in acute ST‐elevated myocardial infarctions undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Heaton Joseph , Singh Sohrab , Nanavaty Dhairya , Okoh Alexis K. , Kesanakurthy Srinivas , Tayal Rajiv
Published: February 2023

Aims

We analyzed the impact of frailty on readmission rates for ST‐elevated myocardial infarctions (STEMIs) and the utilization of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in STEMI admissions.

Methods and Results

The 2016−2019 Nationwide Readmission Database was analyzed for patients admitted with an acute STEMI. Patients were categorized by frailty risk and analyzed for 30‐day readmission risk after acute STEMIs, PCI utilization and outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization.

Qualifying index admissions were found in 584,918 visits. Low risk frailty was noted in 78.20%, intermediate risk in 20.67%, and high risk in 1.14% of admissions. Thirty‐day readmissions occurred in 7.74% of index admissions, increasing with frailty (p < 0.001). Readmission risk increased with frailty, 1.37 times with intermediate and 1.21 times with high‐risk frailty.

PCI was performed in 86.40% of low‐risk, 66.03% of intermediate‐risk, and 58.90% of high‐risk patients (p < 0.001). Intermediate patients were 55.02% less likely and high‐risk patients were 61.26% less likely to undergo PCI (p < 0.001). Length of stay means for index admissions were 2.96, 7.83, and 16.32 days for low, intermediate, and high‐risk groups. Intermediate and high‐risk frailty had longer length of stay, higher total cost, and were more likely to be discharged to a skilled facility (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Among adult, all‐payer inpatient visits, frailty discerned by the hospital frailty risk score was associated with increased readmissions, increased healthcare resource utilization, and lower PCI administration.
Complex primary percutaneous coronary intervention with ultrathin‐strut biodegradable versus thin‐strut durable polymer drug‐eluting stents in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction: A subgroup analysis from the BIOSTEMI randomized trial
Authors: Iglesias Juan F. , Muller Olivier , Losdat Sylvain , Roffi Marco , Kurz David J. , Weilenmann Daniel , Kaiser Christoph , Heg Dik , Windecker Stephan , Pilgrim Thomas
Published: February 2023

Background

Ultrathin‐strut biodegradable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stents (BP‐SES) are superior to thin‐strut durable polymer everolimus‐eluting stents (DP‐EES) with respect to target lesion failure (TLF) at 2 years among patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We sought to determine the impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) complexity on long‐term clinical outcomes with BP‐SES versus DP‐EES in STEMI patients.

Methods

We performed a post hoc subgroup analysis from the BIOSTEMI (NCT02579031) randomized trial, which included individual data from 407 STEMI patients enrolled in the BIOSCIENCE trial (NCT01443104). STEMI patients were randomly assigned to treatment with ultrathin‐strut BP‐SES or thin‐strut DP‐EES, and further categorized into those undergoing complex versus noncomplex pPCI. Complex pPCI was defined by the presence of ≥1 of the following criteria: 3 vessel treatment, ≥3 stents implanted, ≥3 lesions treated, bifurcation lesion with ≥2 stents implanted, total stent length ≥60 mm, and/or chronic total occlusion treatment. The primary endpoint was TLF, a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial reinfarction, or clinically indicated target lesion revascularization, within 2 years.

Results

Among a total of 1707 STEMI patients, 421 (24.7%) underwent complex pPCI. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. At 2 years, TLF occurred in 14 patients (7.1%) treated with BP‐SES and 25 patients (11.6%) treated with DP‐EES (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–1.19; p = 0.15) in the complex pPCI group, and in 28 patients (4.4%) treated with BP‐SES and 49 patients (8.2%) treated with DP‐EES (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.34–0.86; p = 0.008; p for interaction = 0.74) in the noncomplex pPCI group. Individual TLF components and stent thrombosis rates did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusion

In a post hoc subgroup analysis from the BIOSTEMI randomized trial, ultrathin‐strut BP‐SES were superior to thin‐strut DP‐EES with respect to TLF at 2 years among STEMI patients undergoing both complex and noncomplex pPCI.
Fulminant lupus pneumonitis complicating systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly
Authors: Helali Wiem , El Euch Mounira , Sassi Cyrine , Kefi Asma , Ben Hamida Fethi , Ben Abdelghani Khaoula , Turki Sami , Abderrahim Ezzedine
Published: February 2023

Fulminant lupus pneumonitis is a rare complication of SLE. We report a case of 75 years‐old male patient with SLE who developed pneumonia and severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Refractory respiratory distress complicating noninfectious fulminant lupus pneumonitis did not respond to methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment.
Structurally Ordered PtNi Intermetallic Nanoparticles as Efficient and Stable Cathode Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Lubing , Zhang Lei , Zhai Tianyu , Yang Sheng , Wang Weiding , Zhou Di , Su Jinzhan , Guo Liejin
Published: February 2023

Exploring oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with superior electrochemical performance and long‐term stability is crucial to the development of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, graphited carbon with high specific surface area was obtained under relatively low temperature using Ni catalyst, then ordered nanoparticles (NPs) PtNi catalysts attaching to graphited carbon were synthesized via polyol reduction and thermal treatment. Benefiting from graphitized carbon support and appropriate order degree, PtNi/GC‐700 NPs catalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic ORR performance with specific and mass activities as high as 2.8‐fold and 3.7‐fold of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. Besides, the as‐prepared PtNi/GC‐700 catalyst exhibits superior stability with negligible degradation after 10000 potential cycles, due to its ordered chemical structure. The work described herein highlights the potential of structurally ordered electrocatalysts for efficient and durable fuel cell cathodic catalysts.
Detecting RNA–Protein Interactions With EGFP‐Cy3 FRET by Acceptor Photobleaching
Authors: Alam Shagufta Rehman , Mahadevan Mani S. , Periasamy Ammasi
Published: February 2023

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) is a great tool for cell biologists to investigate molecular interactions in live specimens. FRET is a distance‐dependent phenomenon which can detect molecular interactions at distances between 1‐10 nm. Several FRET approaches are reported in the literature for live and fixed cells to study protein‐protein interactions; this protocol provides details of acceptor photobleaching as a FRET method to study RNA‐Protein interactions. Cy3‐labeled RNA foci (FRET acceptors) are photobleached at the intra‐cellular site of interest (the nuclei) and the intensity of the EGFP‐tagged proteins (FRET donors) at that same site are measured pre‐ and post‐ photobleaching. In principle, FRET is detected if the intensity of EGFP increases after photobleaching of Cy3. This protocol describes necessary steps and appropriate controls to conduct FRET measurements by the acceptor photobleaching method. Successful applications of this protocol will provide data to support the conclusion that EGFP‐labeled proteins directly interact with Cy3‐labeled RNA at the site of photobleaching. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: FRET in fixed cells

Alternate Protocol: FRET in live cells
Substituent Effect on Ligand‐Centered Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Phosphorus Corroles
Authors: Yang Gang , Ullah Zakir , Yang Wu , Wook Kwon Hyung , Liang Zhen‐Xing , Zhan Xuan , Yuan Gao‐Qing , Liu Hai‐Yang
Published: February 2023

There have been few reports on the substituent effect of main‐group‐element corrole complexes as ligand‐centered homogeneous electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The key to comprehend the catalytic mechanism and develop efficient catalysts is the elucidation of the effects of electronic structure on the performance of energy‐related small molecules. In this work, the “push‐pull” electronic effect of the substituents on electrocatalytic HER of phosphorus corroles was investigated by using 5,10,15‐tris(phenyl) corrole phosphorus (1P), 10‐pentafluorophenyl‐5,15‐bis(phenyl) corrole phosphorus (2P), 10‐phenyl‐5,15‐bis(pentafluorophenyl) corrole phosphorus (3P), 5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl) corrole phosphorus (4P) complexes bearing hydroxyl axial ligands and different numbers of fluorine atoms on themeso‐aryl substituents. The results revealed that the catalytic HER activity of phosphorus corroles decreased with the increasing of fluorine atom numbers, it follows in the order 1P>2P>3P>4P. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the corrole 1P has the lowest free energy barrier in catalytic HER.
PX‐12 synergistically enhances the therapeutic efficacy of vorinostat under hypoxic tumor microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Akhlaq Rafia , Khan Tajwali , Ahmed Tehmina , Musharraf Syed G. , Ali Arslan
Published: February 2023

Hypoxia is a characteristic feature of solid tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which causes therapeutic resistance. The hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) is a key regulator of hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) and a promising therapeutic target against solid tumors. Among other HIF‐1α inhibitors, vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) targeting the stability of HIF‐1α, and PX‐12 (1‐methylpropyl 2‐imidazolyl disulfide) is a thioredoxin‐1 (Trx‐1) inhibitor preventing accumulation of HIF‐1α. HDACis are effective against cancers; however, they are accompanied by several side effects along with an emerging resistance against it. This can be overcome by using HDACi in a combination regimen with Trx‐1 inhibitor, as their inhibitory mechanisms are interconnected. HDACis inhibit Trx‐1, leading to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells; thus, the efficacy of HDACi can be elevated by using a Trx‐1 inhibitor. In this study, we have tested the EC50 (half maximal effective concentration) doses of vorinostat and PX‐12 on CAL‐27 (an OSCC cell line) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The combined EC50 dose of vorinostat and PX‐12 is significantly reduced under hypoxia, and the interaction of PX‐12 with vorinostat was evaluated by combination index (CI). An additive interaction between vorinostat and PX‐12 was observed in normoxia, while a synergistic interaction was observed under hypoxia. This study provides the first evidence for vorinostat and PX‐12 synergism under hypoxic TME, at the same time highlighting the therapeutically effective combination of vorinostat and PX‐12 against OSCC in vitro.
Identification of bleeding points after bile duct biopsy using red dichromatic imaging during peroral cholangioscopy: A case report
Authors: Kimura Yusuke , Okano Naoki , Hoshi Kensuke , Iwata Shuntaro , Ujita Wataru , Yamada Yuto , Iwasaki Susumu , Takuma Kensuke , Ito Ken , Igarashi Yoshinori , Matsuda Takahisa
Published: February 2023

Red dichromatic imaging is a new image‐enhancement technology that clarifies the differences in blood concentrations and improves the visibility of the bleeding point. A 71‐year‐old man was presented with a common bile duct stone, which was completely removed using electrohydraulic shock wave lithotripsy with peroral cholangioscopy. During peroral cholangioscopy, a nodular lesion was found at the confluence of the cystic duct, and a forceps biopsy was performed. It was difficult to confirm the bleeding point using white‐light imaging because of the pooling of blood. After switching to red dichromatic imaging mode 2 and washing the bile duct with saline solution, the bleeding point was observed in darker yellow than the surrounding blood, allowing the identification of the bleeding point. Red dichromatic imaging can be used in the future to maintain hemostasis during peroral cholangioscopy.
Evidence of greater severity of diabetic foot ulcers during COVID‐19 pandemic: A real‐life single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Radellini Stefano , Vigneri Enrica , Smeraldi Lucia , Dinoto Ettore , Guercio Giovanni , Richiusa Pierina , Almasio Piero Luigi , Guarnotta Valentina , Salzillo Riccardo , Giordano Carla
Published: February 2023

Aims

In the Sars‐Cov‐2 pandemic era, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) manifested more severe forms of Sars‐Cov‐2 with greater mortality than non‐diabetic patients. Several studies documented more aggressive forms of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) during the pandemic period even though the results were not unanimously confirmed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical‐demographic differences between a cohort of Sicilian diabetic patients hospitalised for DFU in the pre‐pandemic 3 years and a cohort of patients hospitalised in the pandemic 2 years.

Materials and Methods

One hundred and eleven patients from the pre‐pandemic period 2017–2019 (Group A) and 86 patients from the pandemic period 2020–2021 (Group B) with DFU, admitted to the division of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the University Hospital of Palermo, were retrospectively evaluated. The clinical assessment of the type, staging and grading of the lesion, and the infective complication from DFU was performed.

Results

No differences in HbA1c values were observed between the two groups. Group B showed a significantly higher prevalence of male subjects (p = 0.010), neuro‐ischaemic ulcers (p < 0.001), deep ulcers with involvement of bones (p < 0.001), white blood count levels (p < 0.001), and reactive C protein (p = 0.001) compared to group A.

Conclusions

Our data show that in the COVID‐19 pandemic, a greater severity of ulcers requiring a significantly greater number of revascularisations and more expensive therapy, but without an increase in the amputation rate, was observed. These data provide novel information on the impact of the pandemic on diabetic foot ulcer risk and progression.
Optimum estimation of series capacitors for enhancing distribution system performance via an improved hybrid optimization algorithm
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Abd‐El‐Hakeem , Abdelaziz Almoataz Y. , Darwish Mohamed M. F. , Lehtonen Matti , Mahmoud Karar
Published: February 2023

As the load on distribution networks grows, system operators and planners are constantly challenged with the issue of voltage regulation or enhancing the quality of supply to customers at the load end of lengthy distribution lines. This paper presents the optimum determination of series capacitor units in a distribution system to maximize energy‐saving and enhance voltage levels. Interestingly, series capacitors can enhance the capability of transmission lines, reduce line losses, enhance the performance of buses with large induction motor loads and reduce voltage flicker. At the same time, the limitations of series compensation are taken into consideration while calculating its optimum values. To achieve the planning objective and optimal load flow objective, two strategies: The Improved Grey Wolf Optimization method (I‐GWO) and Tabu Search (TS), are hybridized to get the benefit of their advantages. The I‐GWO has a movement strategy called dimension learning‐based hunting for enhancing the balance between global and local search and maintaining diversity. The proposed (I‐GWO‐TS) algorithm can solve mixed‐integer programming to achieve the planning and the optimal load flow objectives. The proposed method can be applied to a real Egyptian distribution system that is heavily loaded, with poor voltage regulation, and also has high‐power losses. The obtained results demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach to determine optimal series capacitors’ location and sizing for maximization of energy saving. Further, the proposed method improves the network performance regarding the voltage profile and power losses, although the limitations of including series compensation were considered in the distribution system.
Does self‐face awareness influence green building project performance?—An empirical evidence from China
Authors: Xie Xiaojun , Chen Xinyi , Wang Chaofan , Shuai Chuanmin , Zhu Min , Chen Yongxia
Published: February 2023

In the circumstances of “Carbon Peak,” it is imminent to implement green construction technology in the construction industry as it is a major source of CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, little study has been done on the impact of self‐face awareness (SA) on green building project performance (GP). On the basis of a large‐scale questionnaire survey in China and an in‐depth analysis of the four categories (cognition, behavior, satisfaction, and performance), this paper has added an SA dimension, and proposed a new impacting path. Then, based on the improved conceptual model for measuring the impact of green construction behavior on GP, this paper has conducted empirical tests by using a large sample of questionnaire data and partial least square‐structural equation modeling method. The results show that: (1) green construction behavior has a positive impact on GP, and the impact of perceived behavioral control of green construction technology is most significant for promoting green construction in the industry, and SA has a significant positive effect on green construction in the industry; (2) environmental perception and perceived behavioral control for green construction technology play a mediating role; and (3) significant differences indeed exist in the multigroup analysis, and the biggest difference is working experiences in the engineering field. Finally, this paper has proposed corresponding management implications based on the above findings. The main contribution of this study is that this study has developed a new dimension (SA) to the model considering Chinese national and cultural differences, in an attempt to reveal the impact of green construction technology on GP in the Chinese context. In addition, the promotion of green construction (PGC) in the construction industry was also added based on the sustainability perspective, which is the first attempt to explore the role of the PGC.
Fast multicriteria network selection scheme using hybrid of cat swarm optimization and TOPSIS algorithm for optimal handover in VANET
Authors: Jahangeer Naskath
Published: February 2023

Future generation vehicular networks will grant the technique for efficient data dissemination over dense heterogeneous radio technologies by considering existing communication technology to attain higher spectral competence for successful data rates. Due to higher mobility schemes, a vehicle frequently switches among different heterogeneous networks, which leads to unnecessary handovers. In this scenario, an amateurish handover algorithm delivers data with heavy packet loss, caused by frequent and ping‐pong handover. Hence, this article presents the model for. A network simulator is used to prove the performance of the algorithm. The performance of the algorithm is analyzed in terms of vehicle density, velocity, throughput, packet loss, and jitter.
Analysis of volatile components in different broken rice by HS‐SPME/GC‐TOFMS
Authors: Peng Kaixiong , Tang Qunyong , Zheng Yuhan , Ji Fang , Chen Xiaoming
Published: February 2023

In this study, headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) combined with gas chromatography‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐TOFMS) was used to detect and analyse the volatile components of five samples with different degrees of fragmentation, combined with cluster analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA) and relative odour activity value (ROAV) analysis. The results showed that 70 volatile components were detected and identified in samples with different degrees of fragmentation. 40 were co‐containing components. Cluster analysis revealed a high degree of similarity between samples B (20 mesh sieve top) and C (40 mesh sieve top), which were grouped into one category. The order of variation in the relative content of volatile components was A (unbroken) > E (120 mesh sieve top) > D (80 mesh sieve top) > B. C; the OPLS‐DA analysis revealed significant differences in the volatile composition of rice samples with different degrees of fragmentation, This variation between samples is mainly due to the relative content of volatile components of 36 projections of variable importance (VIP > 1), such as ethyl butyrate, ethyl phenylacetate, and dimethyl trisulfide. A total of 12 volatile components with ROAV > 1, including ethyl hexanoate, 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline, and E‐2‐nonenal, were found to be the key volatile components in five samples based on their ROAV, the different degrees of crushing had a greater impact on the overall aroma of the rice, and the results can be used as a reference for further rice processors.
New proposal to address mediation analysis interrogations by using genetic variants as instrumental variables
Authors: Coscia Claudia , Molina‐Montes Esther , Benítez Raquel , López de Maturana Evangelina , Muriel Alfonso , Malats Núria , Pérez Teresa
Published: February 2023

The application of causal mediation analysis (CMA) considering the mediation effect of a third variable is increasing in epidemiological studies; however, this requires fitting strong assumptions on confounding bias. To address this limitation, we propose an extension of CMA combining it with Mendelian randomization (MRinCMA). We applied the new approach to analyse the causal effect of obesity and diabetes on pancreatic cancer, considering each factor as potential mediator. To check the performance of MRinCMA under several conditions/scenarios, we used it in different simulated data sets and compared it with structural equation models. For continuous variables, MRinCMA and structural equation models performed similarly, suggesting that both approaches are valid to obtain unbiased estimates. When noncontinuous variables were considered, MRinCMA presented, overall, lower bias than structural equation models. By applying MRinCMA, we did not find any evidence of causality of obesity or diabetes on pancreatic cancer. With this new methodology, researchers would be able to address CMA hypotheses by appropriately accounting for the confounding bias assumption regardless of the conditions used in their studies in different settings.
Analysis of the GPR17 receptor in NG2‐glia under physiological conditions unravels a new subset of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells with distinct functions
Authors: Miralles Antonio J. , Unger Nicole , Kannaiyan Nirmal , Rossner Moritz J. , Dimou Leda
Published: February 2023

NG2‐glia comprise a heterogeneous population of cycling cells that give rise to mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes. The mechanisms that regulate the process of differentiation from NG2‐glia into oligodendrocytes are still not fully understood but over the last years the G Protein‐coupled Receptor 17 (GPR17) has been on the spotlight as a possible key regulator. Interestingly, GPR17‐expressing NG2‐glia show under physiological conditions a slower and lower level of differentiation compared to NG2‐glia without GPR17. In contrast, after a CNS insult these react with proliferation and differentiation in a high rate, pointing towards a role in repair processes. However, the role of GPR17+ NG2‐glia under healthy conditions in adulthood has not been addressed yet. Therefore, we aimed here to characterize the GPR17‐expressing NG2‐glia. Using transgenic mouse models, we showed restricted GPR17 expression in only some NG2‐glia. Furthermore, we found that these cells constitute a distinct subset within the NG2‐glia population, which shows a different gene expression profile and behavior when compared to the total NG2‐glia population. Genetic depletion of GPR17+ cells showed that these are not contributing to the dynamic and continuous generation of new oligodendrocytes in the adult brain. Taken together, GPR17+ NG2‐glia seem to play a distinct role under physiological conditions that goes beyond their classic differentiation control, that needs to be further elucidated. These results open new avenues for using the GPR17 receptor as a target to change oligodendrogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions, highlighting the importance of further characterization of this protein for future pharmacological studies.
Challenges of using a Fitbit smart wearable among people with dementia
Authors: O’Sullivan Grace , Whelan Barbara , Gallagher Niamh , Doyle Priscilla , Smyth Siobhán , Murphy Kathleen , Dröes Rose‐Marie , Devane Declan , Casey Dympna
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Limited research on using smart wearables such as Fitbit devices among people with dementia has shown favourable outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the acceptability and feasibility of using a Fitbit Charge 3 among people with dementia, living in the community, who took part in the physical exercise component of the Comprehensive REsilience‐building psychoSocial intervenTion pilot study.

Methods

A mixed methods study was conducted; Quantitative data relating to wear rates for the Fitbit were recorded and qualitative data were collected by group and individual interviews with the people with dementia and their caregiver about their experience of wearing/using the Fitbit in the study.

Results

Nine people with dementia and their caregiver completed the intervention. Only one participant wore the Fitbit consistently. Supporting set‐up and use of the devices was time consuming and caregiver involvement was essential for day‐to‐day support: none of the people with dementia owned a smartphone. Few of them engaged with the Fitbit features, primarily only using it to check the time and only a minority wanted to keep the device beyond the intervention.

Discussion

When designing a study using smart wearables such as a Fitbit among people with dementia, consideration should be given to the following: the possible burden on caregivers supporting the use of the device; a lack of familiarity with this technology in the target population; dealing with missing data, and the involvement of the researcher in setting up and supporting use of the device.
Inflammatory mediators in nasal secretions of patients with nasal polyposis with and without aspirin sensitivity
Authors: Perić Aleksandar , Gaćeša Dejan , Cvetković Gordana , Vojvodić Danilo
Published: February 2023

Background

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to compare the levels of inflammatory mediators in nasal secretions in patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) and in those with nasal polyposis (NP) without aspirin‐sensitivity and to correlate nasal fluid mediator concentrations with clinical parameters of the disease.

Methods

A total of 30 patients with AERD, 30 chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with NP patients without aspirin sensitivity (CRSwNP), and 30 control subjects without inflammation of the nasal mucosa (C), selected for surgical treatment entered the study. The total nasal symptom score (TNSS), endoscopic score (ES), and Lund‐Mackay score (LMS), were evaluated. The concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), tryptase, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), substance P and Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) were determined in nasal secretions.

Results

Higher concentrations of ECP, tryptase, and HSP70 were measured in the AERD patients than in the CRSwNP patients and the C group (p < .001; p < .001, respectively for all mediators). However, levels of CC16 were higher in the C group than in the AERD and CRSwNP groups (p < .001; p < .001, respectively). A positive correlation between the TNSS and CC16 and a negative one between CC16 and tryptase levels were found in the C group. The CRSwNP group showed positive correlations between ECP, HSP70, and tryptase and negative correlations between substance P, ES, and LMS, as well as between CC16 and tryptase levels. In the AERD group, we found a positive correlation between HSP70 and ECP levels and a negative correlation between the TNSS and CC16 concentration.

Conclusion

The obtained results indicate the increased production of mediators of eosinophil and mast cell function, and the decreased production of biomarker of respiratory epithelial function in AERD patients. Clinical and biochemical parameters correlate in different ways in the AERD and CRSwNP patients.
Beyond Thresholds: Quorum‐Sensing as Quantitatively Varying Reaction Norms to Multiple Environmental Dimensions
Authors: Rattray Jennifer B. , Brown Sam P.
Published: February 2023

Many types of bacteria engage in complex collective behaviors, often controlled by a form of cell‐cell communication mediated by diffusible signal molecules called quorum sensing (QS). Each individual produces and responds to these diffusible signaling molecules, inferring properties of their environment, and modulating the regulation of hundreds of downstream genes in response. A threshold concept is ingrained in the QS literature following the use of the legal ‘quorum’ analogy, where populations of bacteria are synchronously sub‐quorate below a threshold population size or synchronously quorate above a threshold population size. However, a growing body of literature highlights that QS can produce more nuanced, graded responses to environmental variation, implying there is no simple threshold ‘quorum’ on either the single cell or population scale. In this commentary, we discuss reaction norms as a tool to quantify and compare QS‐controlled behaviors in an environmental context.
Trends in instrument preference for operative vaginal delivery in a tertiary referral center: 2008–2021
Authors: Crowley Clare M. , Lang Niamh A. , O'Leary Bobby D. , Geary Michael P.
Published: February 2023

Objective

To examine temporal trends in operative vaginal deliveries as well as the ratio between vacuum and forceps deliveries over 15 years in a large tertiary hospital.

Methods

This retrospective study assessed prospectively collected data from 2008 to 2021. Women with greater than 37 weeks of gestation who underwent an operative vaginal delivery were included. The rate and ratio of instrumental deliveries and perineal trauma were recorded.

Results

From 2008 to 2021 there was a total of 109 230 term deliveries, of which 20 151 were an operative vaginal delivery. The rate of operative vaginal delivery as a proportion of all term deliveries decreased from 21.9% (1547 of 7069) in 2008 to 17.1% in 2021 (1428 of 8338, P < 0.001). The ratio between vacuum and forceps‐assisted deliveries decreased significantly over the study period, from 7.06 in 2008 to 2.39 in 2021 (P < 0.001). Perineal trauma remained unchanged during the study period.

Conclusion

Operative vaginal delivery rates declined over the 15‐year study period. While vacuum‐assisted vaginal deliveries remain the favored instrument, forceps‐assisted deliveries are becoming more prevalent. The cause for this change in practice is unclear but is likely multifactorial.
E‐CNNet: Time‐reassigned Multisynchrosqueezing transform‐based deep learning framework for MI‐BCI task classification
Authors: Kaur Manvir , Upadhyay Rahul , Kumar Vinay
Published: February 2023

The classification of electroencephalograms‐based motor imagery signals poses a significant issue in the design and development of brain‐computer interfaces. Neural Networks are observed to be successful in classification of motor imagery brain signals. However, the existing motor imagery data sets are of limited size and suffer from low signal to noise ratio. Hence, to achieve high performance with small datasets, this paper proposes a novel combination of time frequency analysis along with deep learning network to perform the brain signal classification task. The proposed framework consists of two parts: (1) Time‐reassigned Multisynchrosqueezing Transform to efficiently capture the dynamic properties of non‐stationary EEG; and (2) A new hybrid model E‐CNNet is proposed for feature extraction and classification of brain signals. A robust classification pipeline is constructed to classify the extracted features into respective motor imagery tasks. Ensemble of boosting classifiers is used to generate the final predictions, thus, reducing the variance and bias of individual classifiers. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated using two publicly available datasets: BCI competition III, dataset IIIa and BCI competition IV, dataset IIa. We have obtained the average classification accuracy of 94.44% on BCI competition III, dataset IIIa and 89.25% on BCI competition IV, dataset IIa.
Protein lysine four‐carbon acylations in health and disease
Authors: Fang Yi , Li Xiaoling
Published: February 2023

Lysine acylation, a type of posttranslational protein modification sensitive to cellular metabolic states, influences the functions of target proteins involved in diverse cellular processes. Particularly, lysine butyrylation, crotonylation, β‐hydroxybutyrylation, and 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation, four types of four‐carbon acylations, are modulated by intracellular concentrations of their respective acyl‐CoAs and sensitive to alterations of nutrient metabolism induced by cellular and/or environmental signals. In this review, we discussed the metabolic pathways producing these four‐carbon acyl‐CoAs, the regulation of lysine acylation and deacylation, and the functions of individual lysine acylation.