bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skala Tolerancji Wieloznaczności Edwarda F. McQuarriego i Davida Glena Micka: polska adaptacja
Authors: Czajeczny Dominik
Published: February 2021

Celem pracy było stworzenie polskiej adaptacji Skali Tolerancji Wieloznaczności oraz jej walidacja. Grupa badawcza składała się ze 127 osób. Do badania trafności wybrano aspekt teoretyczny. Użyto następujących metod: analiza macierzy korelacji, analiza różnic międzygrupowych, analiza czynnikowa. W analizie macierzy korelacji badano związki tolerancji wieloznaczności z otwartością na doświadczenie, lękiem jako cechą, potrzebą poznawczego domknięcia oraz bezdecyzyjnością. Uzyskane korelacje wyniosły od 0,25 do 0,46. Wszystkie okazały się istotne. Inne hipotezy nie zostały potwierdzone. Analiza czynnikowa wskazuje na jednorodną strukturę skali. Skala osiągnęła alfa Cronbacha 0,68. Adaptowane narzędzie ma charakterystykęzbliżoną do oryginalnego. Głównym zastosowaniem skali są badania naukowe.
Diagnozowanie i opiniowanie źródłem problemów oraz dylematów etycznych
Authors: Paluchowski Władysław, Jacek
Published: February 2021

We wstępie do artykułu opisano podstawowe etyczne problemy realizowania roli zawodowej psychologa a także wskazano, jakie prawa mają klienci psychologa oraz czego ludzie oczekują w kontakcie z psychologiem. Następnie podjęto kwestię jakie prawa człowieka narusza sytuacja diagnozowania oraz jakie są czynniki wiarygodności efektu postępowania diagnostycznego. Po analizie różnic miedzy problemem a dylematem etycznym (moralnym) przedstawiono propozycję modelu podejmowania decyzji etycznych i omówiono jego elementy.
Inwentarz do Oceny Płci Psychologicznej - zaktualizowana charakterystyka psychometryczna
Authors: Błajet Jakub
Published: February 2021

Artykuł przedstawia charakterystykę psychometryczną Inwentarza do Oceny Płci Psychologicznej, której autorką jest Alicja Kuczyńska. Sprawdzono jakie określenia wchodzą w obecny stereotyp kobiecości i męskości. Założono, że określenia pochodzące z Inwentarza mogły stać się nieaktualne. Dokonano eksploracyjnej analizy czynnikowej pozycji pochodzących z IPP. Ostatecznie uzyskano dwa czynniki, wyjaśniające 30,51% całkowitej wariancji. Finalnie, skale zostały zasilone przez wszystkie pozycje z ładunkiem czynnikowym przekraczającym 0.3. Istniejące narzędzie ma zadowalające własności psychometryczne. Interpretacja ładunków czynnikowych poszczególnych pozycji IPP rzuca nowe światło na współczesne definicje kobiecości i męskości
Diagnoza par i rodzin do psychoterapii – omówienie dokumentu
Authors: Zalewski Bartosz , Pinkowska-Zielińska Hanna , Zapolska-Downar Maria
Published: February 2021

W tekście opisano proces tworzenia dokumentu opisującego wskazówki dla diagnozowania par i rodzin do psychoterapii, wynikające ze standardów ogólnych, omówiono strukturę dokumentu i zawartość poszczególnych części oraz odniesiono je do Kodeksu Etycznego psychoterapeutów (w jego części dotyczącej terapii par i rodzin).
Comparative application of photogrammetry, handmapping and android smartphone for geotechnical mapping and slope stability analysis
Authors: Matsimbe Jabulani
Published: February 2021

With increasing awareness of geotechnical risks in civil and mining structures, taking advantage of smartphone technology to study rocky slopes can play a key role in the development of safe and economical structures for human welfare. In Malawi, there is a research gap on application of portable devices to collect geotechnical data. Geological engineers still use the unsafe tedious handmapping technique to collect geotechnical data. A road cut that experiences frequent rockfall is used as a case study to investigate if there is a role for smartphones in geotechnics by comparing set statistics of data clusters collected through photogrammetry, smartphone and clar inclinometer. Besides low cost, smartphone’ data capture speed is faster than clar inclinometer. Stereographic and kinematic analysis shows that the 75° dipping road cut is predominantly prone to wedge failure with minor planar failure. For slope stability, Q-slope suggests a new slope angle of 60–66°. An acceptable tolerance limit or error between handmapping and remote data capture systems should be less than ±15°. Set analysis on 111 comparable data points gave a maximum pole vector difference of 10.5°, with the minimum having a difference of 4.8°. For dip, the standard deviations vary from 4.9 to 9.5°, while their mean values vary from −2 to 2.75°. For dip directions, the standard deviations vary from 3.2 to 4.3°, while their mean values vary from −6 to 0.75°. Therefore, android smartphones have a role in geotechnics due to their allowable orientation errors, which show less variance in measured dip/dip direction.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Surface Layer Conditions after Carbonitriding of Powder Metallurgical Steels. Part 1: Diffusion in Components of Graded Porosity
Authors: Damon J. M. , Surm H. , Saddei P. , Dietrich S. , Schulze V.
Published: February 2021

Case hardening processes such as carbonitriding can be used to improve the performance of powder metallurgical structural components. Due to the amount of carbon and nitrogen introduced, it is possible to adjust the hardness and residual stress of the surface layer. Due to their porosity, powder metallurgical components show a significantly increased diffusivity and therefore increased demands on the process control. In order to be able to make a quantitative statement about the effects of diffusivity as a function of porosity, common densities of 6.9 g/cm3, 7.2 g/cm3and 7.35 g/cm3for PM-steel are examined in a total of ten process sequences. By means of simulative approaches, the resulting element depth profiles can be calculated and the surface layer condition can be predicted by a subsequent heat treatment simulation. In a two-part work, the mass transport during carbonitriding is investigated in the first part and the resulting surface layer conditions after heat treatment in the second part. By considering different process combinations and porosities, model approaches of volume and pore diffusion can be formulated and quantitative element depth profiles can be predicted and validated depending on the process parameters. ◼
Modified bamboo-based activated carbon as the catalyst carrier for the gas phase synthesis of vinyl acetate from acetylene and acetic acid
Authors: Guo Xiuling , Duan Jihai , Li Chaojie , Zhang Zisheng , Wang Weiwen
Published: February 2021

As a significant component of catalyst system, catalyst carrier can impact on coating amount of active component, and in turn catalytic activity. In this work, study of bamboo-based activated carbon as the catalyst carrier for gas phase synthesis of vinyl acetate from acetylene and acetic acid was carried out. Characterization and experimental results showed that bamboo-based activated carbon possessed the conditions and potential of being a catalyst carrier and characterized a greater advantage in structure and properties after modification. After ultrasonic treatment, it was found that the mesoporous distribution of activated carbon increased, which promoted the adsorption to zinc acetate and resulted in 23% increase in productivity of catalyst. Simultaneously, it had a different effect on surface area and pore-size distribution of activated carbon by thermal treatment at high temperatures in N2 and CO2 atmosphere. The productivity of catalyst with bamboo-based activated carbon as catalyst carrier after thermal treatment in N2 and CO2 can be increased by 14 and 20%, respectively. Furthermore, based on the influence of pore size on adsorption and reaction of active components, the necessity of expanding pores of carbon was explained in this paper, which pointed out the direction of activated carbon modification.
Formation mechanism and chaotic reinforcement elimination of the mechanical stirring isolated mixed region
Authors: Fan Yuewei , Wang Shibo , Wang Hua , Xu Jianxin , Xiao Qingtai , Wei Yonggang
Published: February 2021

The isolated mixed region (IMR) is gradually formed during stirring and reduces the mixing efficiency. The unsteady-state formation process of the IMR was modeled and its formation mechanism was analyzed. The rotating frequency of the impeller was optimized using the chaos mathematical theory to improve the stirring efficiency without increasing the power consumption. The calculated results demonstrate that the IMR is a coherent structure, and its formation process is based on the free shear effect of the mixed layer. The chaotic stirring method can accelerate the momentum dissipation process by 37% by eliminating the IMR, and increase the speed by up to 31%. Therefore, chaotic mixing can eliminate the IMR in a shorter time and lower the power consumption.
A methodology for dynamic behavior analysis of the slider-crank mechanism considering clearance joint
Authors: Chen Yu , Feng Jun , He Qiang , Wang Yu , Sun Yu , Yu Chengtao
Published: February 2021

The slider-crank mechanism is used widely in modern industrial equipment whereby the contact-impact of a revolute clearance joint affects the dynamic behavior of mechanical systems. Combining multibody dynamic theory and nonlinear contact theory, the computational methodology for dynamic analysis of the slider-crank mechanism with a clearance joint is proposed. The differential equations of motion are obtained considering the revolute clearance joint between the connecting rod and slider. In the mechanical system, the contact force is evaluated using the continuous force model proposed by Lankarani and Nikravesh, which can describe the contact-impact phenomenon accurately. Then, the experimental study is performed whereby the numerical results are compared with the test data to validate the proposed model. Moreover, the dynamic response analysis is conducted with various driving velocities and clearance sizes, which also explains that the sensitive dependence of a mechanical system on the revolute clearance joint.
Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of twin pregnancies – the role of maternal age
Authors: Toussia-Cohen Shlomi , Mohr-Sasson Aya , Tsur Abraham , Levin Gabriel , Orvieto Raoul , Machtinger Ronit , Meyer Raanan
Published: February 2021

Objectives

We aim to study the association of maternal age with maternal and neonatal complications in twin pregnancies.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of dichorionic–diamniotic twin pregnancies stratified into three groups according to maternal age (“A” <25, “B” 25–34 and “C” 35–44 years old). Outcome measures included pregnancy, delivery and neonatal complications. A sub-analysis of in vitro fertilization pregnancies only was conducted.

Results

Compared with younger women (groups A [n=65] and B [n=783]), older women [group C (n=392)] demonstrated significantly higher rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (B 6.6% vs. A 0%, p =0.027, C 10.2% vs. B 6.6%, p =0.032), were more likely to undergo cesarean deliveries (C 66.6%, B 57.6%, A 52.3%, p =0.007), and were at increased risk of having more than 20% difference in weight between the twins (C 24.5%, B 17.4%, A 16.9%, p =0.013). Other outcomes, including preeclampsia, did not differ between the groups. A sub-analysis of the in vitro fertilization only pregnancies was performed. Compared with younger women (groups A [n=18] and B [n=388]), older women (group C [n=230]) underwent more cesarean deliveries (p=0.004), and had more than 20% difference in weight between the twins (p<0.004). Other outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus rates and preeclampsia, did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions

Women at advanced maternal age with dichorionic twin pregnancies had significantly higher rates of gestational diabetes mellitus, cesarean deliveries and fetal weight discordancy as compared with younger women. In contrast, the incidence of preeclampsia was not affected by maternal age.
Typology of partitives
Authors: Seržant Ilja A.
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the coding patterns of partitives and their functional extensions, based on a convenience sample of 138 languages from 46 families from all macroareas. Partitives are defined as constructions that may express the proportional relation of a subset to a superset (the true-partitive relation). First, it is demonstrated that, crosslinguistically, partitive constructions vary as to their syntactic properties and morphological marking. Syntactically, there is a cline from loose – possibly less grammaticalized – structures to partitives with rigid head-dependent relations and, finally, to morphologically integrated one-word partitives. Furthermore, partitives may be encoded NP-internally (mostly via an adposition) or pronominally. Morphologically, partitives primarily involve markers syncretic with separative, locative or possessive meanings. Finally, a number of languages employ no partitive marker at all. Secondly, these different strategies are not evenly distributed in the globe, with, for example, Eurasia being biased for the separative strategy. Thirdly, on the functional side, partitives may have functions in the following domains in addition to the true-partitive relation: plain quantification (pseudo-partitives), hypothetical events, predicate negation and aspectuality. I claim that the ability to encode plain quantification is the prerequisite for the other domains. Finally, it is argued that there is a universal preference towards syncretism of two semantically distinct concepts: the proportional, true-partitive relation (some of the books) and plain quantification (some books).
Characterization of fibers after xylanase and modified laccase-glutamate system biobleaching of old newsprint pulp
Authors: Chen Guozheng , Wan Jinquan , Ma Yongwen , Wang Yan
Published: February 2021

The macroscopic and microscopic properties of old newsprint pulp with xylanase, MLac/Glu (modified laccase-glutamate system), and X-MLac/Glu (xylanase synergistic modified laccase-glutamate system) pretreatment was investigated by means of fiber quality measurements (FQA), attenuated total reflectance-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), headspace gas chromatography (HSGC), X-ray diffract ion method (XRD), Low-temperature nitrogen absorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that, compare with the control pulp, the brightness and lightness (

L

∗

{L^{\ast }}

) of hydrogen peroxide bleached pulp after X-MLac/Glu pretreatment increased by 5.86 % ISO and 3.58 %, respectively. FQA analysis revealed that coarseness and fine fiber content increased slightly. The content of carboxyl groups and water retention value increased remarkably by 31.11 % and 39.22 %, respectively. The paper physical analysis showed that the paper strength properties have improved significantly. The crystallinity of cellulose decreased by 3.82 % due to X-MLac/Glu pretreatment. ATR-IR analysis indicated some non-cellulose components are removed. The BJH average pore size and BET specific surface area increased after enzyme pretreatment. The SEM analysis showed that through X-MLac/Glu treatment the fiber surface becomes rough and the connections between the fibers become tighter, more fibrils appeared.
From Static to Dynamic Modeling of Surfactants Micellization
Authors: Vitková Zuzana , Tárník Marián , Pavlovičová Jarmila , Vitko Anton , Oremusová Jarmila , Murgaš Ján , Babinec Andrej
Published: February 2021

Micelles and micellization appeal long lasting interest as promising drug carriers. A conventional parameter providing information about formation of micelles is critical micelle concentration (cmc). Its value roughly separates two states of the surfactant solution – namely states with and without presence of micelles. If concentration of surfactants in water solution approaches cmc some physical quantities abruptly change, and this phenomenon is a key to determine value of the cmc. From numerous approaches for determination of the cmc the paper considers the conductivity-based method. But rather than studying the mechanism of micellization that is primarily carried out by the colloid chemists, the paper is focused on the development of an information rich and optimal dynamical model of the conductivity vs. concentration dependence. The model is derived from the solutions of the 1st order differential equation. The optimal model parameters are determined by the downhill simplex algorithm and the cmc is computed on the basis of the curvature of the concentration dependence of the conductivity.
Emiliano
Authors: Vargas-Santiago Luis
Published: February 2021

Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
Looking Back at The Arts of the Missions of Northern New Spain, 1600–1821
Authors: Bargellini Clara
Published: February 2021

Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
Getting Community Engagement Right
Authors: Flores-Marcial Xóchitl M.
Published: February 2021

Greater Mexico refers both to the geographic region encompassing modern Mexico and its former territories in the United States, and to the Mexican cultural diaspora. Exhibitions of visual and material culture from greater Mexico have played an important role in articulating identities and affiliations that transcend limited definitions of citizenship. Following an introductory text by Jennifer Josten, five scholars offer firsthand insights into the intellectual, diplomatic, and logistical concerns underpinning key border-crossing exhibitions of the “NAFTA era.” Rubén Ortiz-Torres writes from his unique perspective as a Mexico City–based artist who began exhibiting in the United States in the late 1980s, and as a curator of recent exhibitions that highlight the existence of multiple Mexicos and Americas. Clara Bargellini reflects on a paradigm-shifting cross-border exhibition of the viceregal arts of the missions of northern New Spain. Kim N. Richter considers how the arts of ancient Mesoamerica and the Americas writ large figured within the Getty Foundation’s 2017 Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA initiative. Xóchitl M. Flores-Marcial offers insights into productive institutional collaborations with transnational Indigenous stakeholders, focusing on two recent Southern California exhibitions of the Oaxaca-based Tlacolulokos collective. Luis Vargas-Santiago discusses how Chicana/o/x art entered Mexico City’s Palacio de Bellas Artes in 2019 as a crucial component of an exhibition about how Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata’s image has migrated through visual culture. Together, these texts demonstrate how exhibitions can act in the service of advancing more nuanced understandings of cultural and political interactions across greater Mexico.
Classificação semiquantitativa de espermatozoides otimiza a genotipagem de backlog de amostras de crimes sexuais
Authors: Cândido Alexandra Lopes , Carvalho Nígela Rodrigues , Chaves Paulo Bomfim , Martinucci Bruno , Godinho Neide Maria de Oliveira , Da Mota Mariana Flavia
Published: February 2021

A realização de testes genéticos em vestígios de crimes sexuais pode ser feita com ou sem a análise prévia de espermatozoides por microscopia, que permite inferir a quantidade de espermatozoides na amostra. Para amostras com presença de espermatozoides, a extração diferencial é o protocolo recomendado na etapa de lise celular, pois permite isolar o DNA das células espermáticas (DNA do agressor) do DNA das células da vítima, melhorando assim a recuperação do perfil genético do agressor. Neste trabalho analisamos a relação entre uma classificação semiquantitativa de espermatozoides e o DNA masculino quantificado por qPCR (PCR quantitativo) e a qualidade do perfil genético de amostras de crimes sexuais ocorridos no Estado de Goiás (Brasil). Para tanto foram analisados 93 suabes vaginais com presença de espermatozoides após extração diferencial, seguida de quantificação de DNA via qPCR e genotipagem de marcadores microssatélites de uso forense. Não foi observada relação clara entre os três grupos de contagem de espermatozoides e a razão de DNA masculino e feminino (M:F) nas amostras analisadas. Contudo, constatou-se uma tendência de aumento significativo da quantidade de DNA masculino com o aumento do número de espermatozoides. Esse resultado foi seguido da melhora na qualidade do perfil genético das amostras contendo mais DNA masculino. A contagem de espermatozoides pode ser usada para priorizar amostras a serem analisadas em esforços de genotipagem em massa de vestígios de crimes sexuais que aguardam processamento (backlog). Ela aumenta a previsibilidade dos resultados e a taxa de sucesso do exame de DNA.
First use report flies (diptera) to estimate time of death in an indoor case in the Brazilian midwest
Authors: Eulalio Aylson Dailson Medeiros de Moura , Paula Michele Castro de , Michelutti Kamylla Balbuena , Oliveira Fabiane Cassari de , Brum Andrelle Caroline de Souza , Harada André Kiyoshi , Gomes Guido Vieira , Junior William Fernando Antonialli
Published: February 2021

As moscas constituem uma classe importante de insetos para a entomologia forense. Eles são os primeiros a colonizar o corpo e são os mais representativos durante a decomposição. Esses insetos são usados principalmente para a estimativa do intervalo post-mortem (PMI), bem como um indicador de morte violenta ou natural. Assim, este estudo relata, pela primeira vez, o uso de dados entomológicos como ferramenta complementar para auxiliar na elucidação de uma investigação criminal realizada no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, na região centro-oeste do Brasil. Neste caso de homicídio, cinco espécies de Diptera pertencentes a duas famílias, Muscidae e Calliphoridae, foram coletadas e identificadas. O cálculo de Grau-Hora Acumulado (ADH) foi realizado utilizando a taxa de desenvolvimento de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1974), obtida de pesquisas realizadas em condições de laboratório, na mesma temperatura em que as espécies e o corpo foram submetidos. Com base na idade das larvas e seu padrão alimentar, os resultados permitiram estimar o IPMmin e, portanto, inferência sobre a natureza do crime. Nossos resultados demonstram que as moscas podem ser usadas como evidência em investigações criminais, indicando o potencial da entomologia forense na região.
Ciência e Política: aliadas ou adversárias?‬
Authors: Dias Filho Claudemir Rodrigues , Bruni Aline , Poli Adelino Pinheiro , Telles Bruno , Gomes Juliano de Andrade , Tocantins Rogério de Medeiros
Published: February 2021

Editorial da edição 10(2), 2021
Kilka uwag o specyfice badań nad historią kobiet w późnej starożytności i Bizancjum
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Kosiński Rafał
Published: February 2021

Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą ukazania najważniejszych trudności w badaniach prowadzonych nad historią kobiet w późnej starożytności i Bizancjum. Wskazuje najistotniejsze różnice w tego typu badaniach dotyczących różnych epok historycznych. Największym problemem w badaniach kobiecych w epokach przed-nowożytnych jest charakter źródeł, których autorkami w niewielkim jedynie zakresie były kobiety, w dodatku przede wszystkim kobiety wywodzące się z elit. Zazwyczaj na świat kobiet w tych czasach patrzymy przez pryzmat autorów, którzy byli mężczyznami, najczęściej również pochodzącymi z elit. Dlatego aby badać dzieje kobiet w antyku i Bizancjum, trzeba przede wszystkim wykorzystywać metodologię charakterystyczną dla studiów klasycznych, umiejętnie łącząc ją z metodologią wypracowaną dla zgłębiania historii kobiet.
Prasa jako źródło do badań działalności kobiet. Wybrane przykłady polskich dziennikarek emigracyjnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Chwastyk-Kowalczyk Jolanta
Published: February 2021

Artykuł powstał na podstawie analizy zawartości opiniotwórczego czasopisma dla inteligencji „Nowy Czas. The New Time” wydawanego w Londynie w latach 2006–2018, po jego zawieszeniu. Ukazuje dziennikarskie i pozadziennikarskie działania Teresy Bazarnik-Małkiewicz, która wraz z mężem Grzegorzem Małkiewiczem (redaktorem naczelnym) jest współwłaścicielem periodyku. Łamy tego czasopisma najlepiej ukazują jej dokonania w sferze inicjatyw pro publico bono oraz kreowanie wizerunku „Nowego Czasu” poprzez działania w zakresie public relations. Zainteresowana jest przede wszystkim kwestiami najszerzej pojętej kultury, edukacji wszystkich szczebli i dziennikarstwem interwencyjno-śledczym w kontekście życia Polaków w Zjednoczonym Królestwie.
The cold war and the Women’s International Democratic Federation: defending women’s rights and inspiring women with achievements of the state socialism?
Authors:   Stockholm University and Mid-Sweden University, Gradskova Yulia
Published: February 2021

This paper is dedicated to the history of the Women’s International Democratic Federation (further WIDF), the influential transnational organization of the period of the Cold War. The scholars who were dealing with the history of this organization have different opinions about its activities and historical role. Indeed, several researches have shown that the federation realized a lot of solidarity work; the federation was important not least with respect to the anti-colonial and anti-racist struggles as well for cooperation between women from inside and outside Europe. But on the other hand, historically this organization was seen as dependent from the Soviet Union or as the organization where Communist ideas and Soviet bloc’s geopolitical interests have played an important role. The aim of this paper is to explore some of the contradictory aspects of the WIDF’s ideology and activities. I use the WIDF’s official publications, first of all, the federation’s journal Women of the Whole World/ Zhenshchiny mira (published from 1951 in English, French, Russian and, later on German, Spanish and Arabic) vis-à-vis the material from the archive in Moscow, belonging to the WIDF’s member organization from the Soviet Union (GARF, Fond of the Committee of the Soviet Women). In this paper I discuss the federation’s use of the achievements of the state socialist countries on the way to women’s emancipation as well as WIDF’s main political concepts and some of their interpretations. Thus, I explore the contradictions with respect to how the concepts as human rights, democracy and women’s rights were used in WIDF’s documents from different periods as well as discuss conflicts connected to their use.
W jakim stopniu obecnie kobiety awansują naukowo?
Authors:   Ośrodek Przetwarzania Informacji – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Rodzik Piotr
Published: February 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest trendom w obszarze nadanych w kraju tytułów naukowych profesora i tytułów profesora w zakresie sztuki oraz stopni naukowych doktora i doktora habilitowanego, a także stopni w zakresie sztuki. Podczas prezentacji wyników uwzględniono podział osób uzyskujących stopnie i tytuły według płci, pokazano, jak zmienia się liczba osób, którym nadano stopnie i tytuły w kolejnych latach, oraz określono, jak zmienia się liczba nadanych stopni i tytułów w zależności od wieku osób uzyskujących stopień lub tytuł. Pokazano również zmianę charakteru awansu naukowego kobiet w badanym okresie oraz ich udział w kierowaniu finansowanymi przez NCN projektami badawczymi. Analizy oparto na danych jednostkowych oraz (częściowo) na dostępnych danych statystycznych obejmujących 20 ostatnich lat (1999–2018).
Leptin-elicited PBX3 confers letrozole resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Pang Zhi-yuan , Wei Yun-tao , Shang Mu-yan , Li Shuang , Li Yang , Jin Quan-xiu , Liao Zhi-xuan , Cui Ming-ke , Liu Xiao-yan , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2021

Aberrant leptin signaling and overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) are both implicated in the pathogenesis of letrozole resistance in breast cancer (BCa), but it remains unknown whether these two pathways are involved in letrozole resistance in a coordinated manner. Here, we demonstrate that expression levels of the pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox transcription factor 3 (PBX3), a pioneer factor that governs divergent biological processes, were significantly upregulated in letrozole-resistant BCa cells and tissues, and this upregulation correlated to a poorer progression-free survival in patients. By leveraging a patient-derived xenograft model with pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated that leptin activated PBX3 expression in a STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)-dependent manner. Our loss- and gain-of-function study further showed that PBX3 attenuated response to letrozole by potentiating BCa cell survival and anchorage-independent growth in BCa cells. By profiling BCa cells with ectopic PBX3 expression, we revealed that PBX3 conferred letrozole resistance via transactivation of the FGFR1 signaling, and this molecular event must coordinate a synergistic transcription activation programs through interacting with MTA1-HDAC2 (metastasis-associated 1-histone deacetylase 2) complex. Overall, the available data reveal a novel role of leptin/PBX3 cascade linking energy homeostasis (i.e. hyperleptinemia) and endocrine therapy failure (i.e. letrozole resistance) in BCa.
A clinical score for neuroendocrine tumor patients under consideration for Lu-177-DOTATATE therapy
Authors: Das Satya , Du Liping , Schad Aimee , Jain Shikha , Jessop Aaron , Shah Chirayu , Eisner David , Cardin Dana , Ciombor Kristen , Goff Laura , Bradshaw Marques , Delbeke Dominique , Sandler Martin , Berlin Jordan
Published: February 2021

We developed a clinical score (CS) at Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center (VICC) that we hoped would predict outcomes for patients with progressive well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) receiving therapy with Lutetium-177 (177Lu)-DOTATATE. Patients under consideration for 177Lu-DOTATATE between March 1, 2016 and March 17, 2020 at VICC were assigned a CS prospectively. The CS included 5 categories: available treatments for tumor type outside of 177Lu-DOTATATE, prior systemic treatments, patient symptoms, tumor burden in critical organs and presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The primary outcome of the analysis was progression-free survival (PFS). To evaluate the effect of the CS on PFS, a multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed adjusting for tumor grade, primary tumor location, and the interaction between 177Lu-DOTATATE doses received (zero, 1–2, 3–4) and CS. A total of 91 patients and 31 patients received 3–4 doses and zero doses of 177Lu-DOTATATE, respectively. On multivariable analysis, in patients treated with 3–4 doses of 177Lu-DOTATATE, for each 1-point increase in CS, the estimated hazard ratio (HR) for PFS was 2.0 (95% CI 1.61–2.48). On multivariable analysis, in patients who received zero doses of 177Lu-DOTATATE, for each 1-point increase in CS, the estimated HR for PFS was 1.22 (95% CI 0.91–1.65). Among patients treated with 3–4 doses of 177Lu-DOTATATE, those with lower CS experienced improved PFS with the treatment compared to patients with higher CS. This PFS difference, based upon CS, was not observed in patients who did not receive 177Lu-DOTATATE, suggesting the predictive utility of the score.
Exercise intensity and markers of inflammation during and after (neo-) adjuvant cancer treatment
Authors: Schauer Tim , Mazzoni Anne-Sophie , Henriksson Anna , Demmelmaier Ingrid , Berntsen Sveinung , Raastad Truls , Nordin Karin , Pedersen Bente K , Christensen Jesper F
Published: February 2021

Exercise training has been hypothesized to lower the inflammatory burden for patients with cancer, but the role of exercise intensity is unknown. To this end, we compared the effects of high-intensity (HI) and low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) exercise on markers of inflammation in patients with curable breast, prostate and colorectal cancer undergoing primary adjuvant cancer treatment in a secondary analysis of the Phys-Can randomized trial (NCT02473003). Sub-group analyses focused on patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Patients performed 6 months of combined aerobic and resistance exercise on either HI or LMI during and after primary adjuvant cancer treatment. Plasma taken at baseline, immediately post-treatment and post-intervention was analyzed for levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL1B), IL6, IL8, IL10, tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Intention-to-treat analyses of 394 participants revealed no significant between-group differences. Regardless of exercise intensity, significant increases of IL6, IL8, IL10 and TNFA post-treatment followed by significant declines, except for IL8, until post-intervention were observed with no difference for CRP or IL1B. Subgroup analyses of 154 patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy revealed that CRP (estimated mean difference (95% CI): 0.59 (0.33; 1.06); P  = 0.101) and TNFA (EMD (95% CI): 0.88 (0.77; 1); P  = 0.053) increased less with HI exercise post-treatment compared to LMI. Exploratory cytokine co-regulation analysis revealed no difference between the groups. In patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy, HI exercise resulted in a lesser increase of CRP and TNFA immediately post-treatment compared to LMI, potentially protecting against chemotherapy-related inflammation.
PACAP ameliorates the fertility of obese mice through PAC1/PKA/ERK/Nrf2 signal axis
Authors: Shan Wailan , Lu Shiyin , Ou Biqian , Feng Jia , Wang Zixian , Li Huixian , Lu Xiaohua , Ma Yi
Published: February 2021

Obesity is strongly linked to male infertility. Apoptotic inflammatory response caused by oxidative stress in testicular spermatogenic cells is one of the important causes of obesity-related male infertility. As bioactive peptide is secreted by the pituitary gland, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) has a powerful triple role of anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation, and it is involved in the male reproduction regulation, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of PACAP in obesity-related male infertility. In cellular level experiments, mouse spermatocytes (GC-2) were treated with palmitate (PA) to establish an high-fat injury cell model in vitro and then treated with PACAP. In animal-level experiments, C57BL/6 male mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and subsequently treated with PACAP. The cell mechanism studies show that PACAP selectively binded to the PAC1 receptor to attenuate palmitic acid-induced mouse spermatogenic cell (GC-2) oxidative damage and apoptotic inflammatory response via the PKA/ERK/Nrf2 signaling axis. However, this mechanism was inhibited in GC-2 cells inhibiting the activity of Nrf2. The animal experiment studies show that PACAP treatment ameliorated obesity characteristics, including body weight, epididymal adipose weight, testes/body weight, serum lipids levels, and reproductive hormone levels in vivo. Additionally, PACAP was shown to improve the reproductive function of the obese mice, which was characterized by improved testis morphology and sperm parameters via Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. These beneficial effects of PACAP were abolished in obese mice with testes-specific knockdown of Nrf2. Our data suggested that PACAP could ameliorate fertility in obese male mice and may be a promising candidate drug for obesity-induced male infertility.
Chronic social stress lessens the metabolic effects induced by a high-fat diet
Authors: Jene Tanja , Ruiz de Azua Inigo , Hasch Annika , Klüpfel Jennifer , Deuster Julia , Maas Mirjam , Nijboer Cora H , Lutz Beat , Müller Marianne B , van der Kooij Michael A
Published: February 2021

Stress has a major impact on the modulation of metabolism, as previously evidenced by hyperglycemia following chronic social defeat (CSD) stress in mice. Although CSD-triggered metabolic dysregulation might predispose to pre-diabetic conditions, insulin sensitivity remained intact, and obesity did not develop, when animals were fed with a standard diet (SD). Here, we investigated whether a nutritional challenge, a high-fat diet (HFD), aggravates the metabolic phenotype and whether there are particularly sensitive time windows for the negative consequences of HFD exposure. Chronically stressed male mice and controls (CTRL) were kept under (i) SD-conditions, (ii) with HFD commencing post-CSD, or (iii) provided with HFD lasting throughout and after CSD. Under SD conditions, stress increased glucose levels early post-CSD. Both HFD regimens increased glucose levels in non-stressed mice but not in stressed mice. Nonetheless, when HFD was provided after CSD, stressed mice did not differ from controls in long-term body weight gain, fat tissue mass and plasma insulin, and leptin levels. In contrast, when HFD was continuously available, stressed mice displayed reduced body weight gain, lowered plasma levels of insulin and leptin, and reduced white adipose tissue weights as compared to their HFD-treated non-stressed controls. Interestingly, stress-induced adrenal hyperplasia and hypercortisolemia were observed in mice treated with SD and with HFD after CSD but not in stressed mice exposed to a continuous HFD treatment. The present work demonstrates that CSD can reduce HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation. Hence, HFD during stress may act beneficially, as comfort food, by decreasing stress-induced metabolic demands.
Fabrication of activated carbon using two-step co-pyrolysis of used rubber and larch sawdust
Authors: Geng Jing , Li Lu-Fei , Wang Wen-Liang , Chang Jian-Min , Xia Chang-Lei , Cai Li-Ping , Shi Sheldon Q.
Published: February 2021

Characteristics of the char produced in the co-pyrolysis of used rubber and larch sawdust were studied in the conversion of low-valued pyrolysis char into value-added activated carbon using two-step co-pyrolysis, namely pyrolysis and activation processes. The physicochemical characteristics of the chars were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that after the two-step co-pyrolysis, the upgraded carbon had BET surface areas ranging from 600 m2 g−1 to 900 m2 g−1, which were higher than the requirements for activated carbon (American Water Works Association B600 standard). Additionally, as the sawdust/rubber ratio increased, the BET value increased accordingly. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed based on the experimental results during the activation process.
Comparison of four technical lignins as a resource for electrically conductive carbon particles
Authors: Köhnke Janea , Gierlinger Notburga , Prats-Mateu Batirtze , Unterweger Christoph , Solt Pia , Mahler Arnulf Kai , Schwaiger Elisabeth , Liebner Falk , Gindl-Altmutter Wolfgang
Published: February 2021

Carbon microparticles were produced from different technical lignins, i.e., kraft lignin, soda lignin, lignosulfonate, and organosolv lignin, at different carbonisation temperatures (800 °C, 1200 °C, 1600 °C, and 2000 °C). Before carbonisation, oxidative thermostabilization was performed. The combination of thermostabilization and carbonisation led to a high mass loss and shrinkage, but no major effect on the particle morphology was apparent. The carbon particles obtained from all four lignin variants developed disordered graphitic structures at high carbonisation temperatures, and good electrical conductivities in the carbon powders were observed for all lignin variants, with the exception of lignosulfonate. The polycaprolactone composite films filled with 30% lignin-derived carbon exhibited various conductivities, with the best results achieved using the kraft lignin-derived carbon.
The use of a PAE /bentonite binary system to improve the wet strength of paper
Authors: Liang Shuai-Bo , Ning Xiao , Fu Qing-Jin , Liu Qian , Yao Chun-Li
Published: February 2021

Bentonite and polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin were added sequentially as a binary system to improve the properties of the paper, especially the wet strength. The results showed that the dry tensile index, the wet tensile index, and the folding endurance of the paper could be improved with only the use of polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin. However, a binary system of polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin and bentonite was more effective. When 0.8% polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin and 0.75% bentonite were added, the dry tensile index, the wet tensile index, and the folding endurance of the paper increased by 37.8%, 2780%, and 281%, respectively, when compared to the control sample. The measurements of the water retention value and the percent fines retention of the pulp showed higher values after being treated with the binary system than being treated by polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin alone. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that a binary system of polyamide polyamine epichlorohydrin resin and bentonite could increase the combination of fibers in paper.
Ollier Disease: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Markevičiūtė Vėtra , Markevičiūtė Medeinė Šilenė , Stravinskas Mindaugas
Published: February 2021

Background. Ollier disease is the most common nonhereditary type of enchondromatosis. Enchondromas are common, usually benign intraosseous cartilaginous tumors that form near the growth plate cartilage predominantly unilaterally in the metaphyses and diaphyses of tubular bones. They usually affect the long bones of the hand, the humerus, and the tibia, followed by flat bones, such as the pelvis. The estimated prevalence of Ollier disease is 1 in 100,000 and while it is linked with somatic heterozygous mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 genes, exact etiology is unknown. The risk of malignant transformation towards chondrosarcoma is up to 30–35% and it is clinically suspected when pain and a rapid increase in the size of the lesions is seen.Case presentations. We report two clinical cases of patients diagnosed with Ollier disease. In both cases transformation to chondrosarcoma was observed.Conclusions. Ollier disease is a rare disorder, defined by the presence of multiple enchondromas and an asymmetric distribution of the cartilage lesions that can be extremely variable in terms of size, location, age, gender. Constant monitoring of patients is important due to the high risk of malignancy. Because the disease is very rare and the manifestations vary widely, each patient’s case must be evaluated, and the treatment strategy adopted individually.
Effective bounds of the variance of statistics on multisets of necklaces
Authors: Karbonskis Arvydas , Manstavičius Eugenijus
Published: February 2021

The variance of a linear statistics on multisets of necklaces is explored. The upper and lower bounds with optimal constants are obtained
Relations between spectrum curves of discrete Sturm-Liouville problem with nonlocal boundary conditions and graph theory
Authors: Vitkauskas Jonas , Štikonas Artūras
Published: February 2021

Sturm-Liouville problem with nonlocal boundary conditions arises in many scientific fields such as chemistry, physics, or biology. There could be found some references to graph theory in a discrete Sturm-Liouville problem, especially in investigation of spectrum curves. In this paper, relations between discrete Sturm-Liouville problem with nonlocal boundary conditions characteristics (poles, critical points, spectrum curves) and graphs characteristics (vertices, edges and faces) were found.
Shell Banding and Color Polymorphism of the Introduced Snail Cepaea nemoralis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) in Lviv, Western Ukraine
Authors: Gural-Sverlova N. V. , Gural R. I.
Published: February 2021

Th e shell coloration was studied in more than three thousand adults of the grove snail, Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758), from 15 colonies discovered in 2019–2020 in Lviv City and in the immediate vicinity of its south-ern administrative border (Zubra village). In most colonies, relatively light phenotypes prevailed: most oft en P00000, less oft en Y00000 or Y00300. In total, more than a third of the collected specimens had the phenotype P00000. Great variability of the phenotypic and genetic structure of this introduced species in the study area was demonstrated, which usually does not have a clear connection with the locations of colonies or with the shading of habitats. Th is may be due to both random factors (founder eff ect, gene drift in recently formed colonies), and the relative youth of the colonies. In the future, the obtained data can be used to monitor possible long-term changes in the phenotypic composition of the investigated colonies to assess the potential eff ect of selective factors on this composition, fi rst of all, climatic selection outside the natural range of C. nemoralis.