bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The permeability and elastic moduli of tuff from Campi Flegrei, Italy: implications for ground deformation modelling
Authors: Heap M. J. , Baud P. , Meredith P. G. , Vinciguerra S. , Reuschlé T.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The accuracy of ground deformation modelling at active volcanoes is a principal requirement in volcanic hazard mitigation. However, the reliability of such models relies on the accuracy of the rock physical property (permeability and elastic moduli) input parameters. Unfortunately, laboratory-derived values on representative rocks are usually rare. To this end we have performed a systematic laboratory study on the influence of pressure and temperature on the permeability and elastic moduli of samples from the two most widespread lithified pyroclastic deposits at the Campi Flegrei volcanic district, Italy. Our data show that the water permeability of Neapolitan Yellow Tuff and a tuff from the Campanian Ignimbrite differ by about 1.5 orders of magnitude. As pressure (depth) increases beyond the critical point for inelastic pore collapse (at an effective pressure of 10–15 MPa, or a depth of about 750 m), permeability and porosity decrease significantly, and ultrasonic wave velocities and dynamic elastic moduli increase significantly. Increasing the thermal stressing temperature increases the permeability and decreases the ultrasonic wave velocities and dynamic elastic moduli of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff; whereas the tuff from the Campanian Ignimbrite remains unaffected. This difference is due to the presence of thermally unstable zeolites within the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff. For both rocks we also find, under the same pressure conditions, that the dynamic (calculated from ultrasonic wave velocities) and static (calculated from triaxial stress-strain data) elastic moduli differ significantly. The choice of elastic moduli in ground deformation modelling is therefore an important consideration. While we urge that these new laboratory data should be considered in routine ground deformation modelling, we highlight the challenges for ground deformation modelling based on the heterogeneous nature (vertically and laterally) of the rocks that comprise the caldera at Campi Flegrei.
An improved CryoSat-2 sea ice freeboard and thickness retrieval algorithm through the use of waveform fitting
Authors: Kurtz N. T. , Galin N. , Studinger M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. We develop an empirical model capable of simulating the mean echo power cross product of CryoSat-2 SAR and SARIn mode waveforms over sea ice covered regions. The model simulations are used to show the importance of variations in the radar backscatter coefficient with incidence angle and surface roughness for the retrieval of surface elevation of both sea ice floes and leads. The numerical model is used to fit CryoSat-2 waveforms to enable retrieval of surface elevation through the use of look-up tables and a bounded trust region Newton least squares fitting approach. The use of a model to fit returns from sea ice regions offers advantages over currently used threshold retracking methods which are here shown to be sensitive to the combined effect of bandwidth limited range resolution and surface roughness variations. Laxon et al. (2013) have compared ice thickness results from CryoSat-2 and IceBridge, and found good agreement, however consistent assumptions about the snow depth and density of sea ice were not used in the comparisons. To address this issue, we directly compare ice freeboard and thickness retrievals from the waveform fitting and threshold tracker methods of CryoSat-2 to Operation IceBridge data using a consistent set of parameterizations. For three IceBridge campaign periods from March 2011–2013, mean differences (CryoSat-2 – IceBridge) of 0.144 m and 1.351 m are respectively found between the freeboard and thickness retrievals using a 50% sea ice floe threshold retracker, while mean differences of 0.019 m and 0.182 m are found when using the waveform fitting method. This suggests the waveform fitting technique is capable of better reconciling the sea ice thickness data record from laser and radar altimetry data sets through the usage of consistent physical assumptions.
Estrogen Receptor Gene (ESR1) PVUII and XBAI Polymorphisms and Bone Mineral Density in Kazakh Women
Authors: Akilzhanova Ainur , Abilova Zhannur , Aitkulova Akbota , Zhumatova Zaida , Akilzhanova Gulbanu , Zholdybayeva Elena , Momynaliev Kuvat
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a common age-related disease that is strongly influenced by genetics. Polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor gene alpha (ESR1) are consistently been associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate potential association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants of the ESR1 gene and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine in Kazakh women.Methods: 140 female participants in Pavlodar clinics with varying measures of BMD. We are examined the potential association of BMD with 2 SNPs from the ESR1 gene (rs2234693 [PvuII] and rs9340799 [XbaI]). Genotyping of the PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms was performed by direct sequencing of the gene fragments containing restriction sites with the identification of genotypes PP, Pp, pp and XX, Xx, xx respectively.Results: Unadjusted mean BMD values ranged from 1.14±0.14 g/cm2 in Caucasian women and 1.03±0.11 g/cm2 in Asian women. The association between PvuII polymorphism and BMD at the lumbar spine (p= 0.04 for PP=Pp=pp) was statistically significant in all women. The XbaI polymorphism was not associated with BMD at lumbar spine. The relative risk for low BMD was higher for the marker PvuII (RR=1.51) than for the marker XbaI (RR=1.35).Conclusion: The PvuII polymorphism had a weak association with lumbar spine BMD.  XbaI polymorphism was unlikely to be a predictor of lumbar spine BMD in Kazakh women. These conclusions could help to determine the genetic risk factors for osteoporosis; however, further studies on the association between gene polymorphisms and BMD are needed including larger numbers of participants and genes to clarify genetic risks.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Tuberculosis in the Kazakh Population in Almaty and Almaty Area
Authors: Zhabagin Maxat , Abilova Zhannur , Askapuli Ayken , Rakhimova Saule , Kairov Ulykbek , Berikkhanova Kulzhan , Terlikbayeva Assel , Darisheva Meruert , Alenova Arike , Akilzhanova Ainur
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays an important role in activating the immune response against various infectious agents. It is known that the active metabolite of ligand receptor Vitamin D (1,25 – dihydroxyvitamin D) is encoded by VDR and helps mononuclear phagocytes to suppress the intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis. The VDR gene harbors approximately 200 polymorphisms, some of which are linked to differences in receptor Vitamin D uptake and therefore can be considered as candidate disease risk variants. The relation between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to TB has been studied in different populations. There is not a great deal of information regarding the association of these SNPs with TB risk in the Kazakh population. The four most commonly investigated VDR polymorphisms in association with different diseases, including susceptibility to tuberculosis, are located in exon 2 (rs2228570 or FokI), intron 8 (rs1544410 or BsmI and rs7975232 or ApaI), and exon 9 (rs731236 or TaqI). The aim of our study was to determine whether these four VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with TB and whether they were a risk for the development of TB in the Kazakh Population in Almaty city and Almaty area.Methods: This study was a hospital-based case-control analysis of 283 individuals (99 TB patients and 184 healthy controls). Genotyping was performed by Taqman SNP allelic discrimination using commercial TaqMan SNP Genotyping assays.  Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 19.0 software.Results: Genotype frequencies for the Kazakh population are close to world (HapMap) data on Asian populations. FokI and ApaI polymorphisms genotypes tend to be associated with TB risk under the co-dominant model [OR=1.18; 95%CI: (0.68, 2.07), p=0.15] for FokI and [OR=1.33; 95%CI: (0.61, 2.91), p=0.6] for ApaI. No significant association between the disease and TaqI, BsmI genotypes was observed.Conclusions: In summary, we explored potential associations between SNPs in the VDR (FokI, ApaI) gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis in the Kazakh Population, which requires further detailed analysis with a larger sample size and greater geographic diversity including other regions of Kazakhstan.
Radiation risk factors in incidence anortality among exposed individuals of East Kazakhstand m
Authors: Apsalikov Kazbek , Muldagaliev Talgat , Apsalikov Rustem , Serikkankyzy Shinar , Zholambaeva Zaure
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Lengthy clinical and epidemiological studies at the Research Institute of Radiation Medicine and Ecology have discovered basic patterns of long-term effects from ionizing radiation in population groups exposed to radiation risk. Methodology for calculating injury from radiation risk factors has been developed and implemented to minimize the effects of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS).Material and methods: We analyzed materials from the database of the Scientific Medical Register that were exposed to radiation as a result of SNTS. We analyzed both male and female populations of the Abay, Beskaragai and Zhanasemei, Kokpekti (control) areas of East-Kazakhstan region (EKR) from 2008-2012. These populations were split into three groups allocated by the generation. The first group represented persons born from the period of 01/01/1930 -08/01/1949 and their children born from the period of 10/09/1949-12/31/1962. The second group were persons born after 01/01/1963. The third group served as the control and were persons who immigrated to these areas after 1990.Results: There was an increased incidence of cancer (21.5%, p < 0.000734), cardiovascular diseases (10.2%); respiratory problems (9.6%), gastrointestinal issues (9.1%, p < 0.00371-0.00679) in the first group. The effect of the radiation dose has not been fully stuided among the subjects in the second group.The major causes of excess mortality in the first group were neoplams (30.6%), hypertension (23.8%), and myocardial infarction (22.6%). The effects of radiation influenced mortality in the second group were 2-2.5 times lower than the first group.Conclusion: There is a correlation between the size of the radiation dose, the risk profile, and age at the moment of radiation exposure with trends of morbidity and mortality in the radiation exposed areas.
Biochemical Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA Repair Enzymes – Nfo, XthA and Nei2
Authors: Abeldenov Sailau , Saparbayev Murat , Khassenov Bekbolat
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a human disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Treatment of TB requires long-term courses of multi-drug therapies to eliminate subpopulations of bacteria, which sometimes persist against antibiotics. Therefore, understanding of the mechanism of Mtb antibiotic-resistance is extremely important. During infection, Mtb overcomes a variety of body defense mechanisms, including treatment with the reactive species of oxygen and nitrogen. The bases in DNA molecule are susceptible to the damages caused by reactive forms of intermediate compounds of oxygen and nitrogen. Most of this damage is repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathway. In this study, we aimed to biochemically characterize three Mtb DNA repair enzymes of BER pathway.Methods: XthA, nfo, and nei genes were identified in mycobacteria by homology search of genomic sequences available in the GenBank database. We used standard methods of genetic engineering  to clone and sequence Mtb genes, which coded Nfo, XthA and Nei2 repair enzymes. The protein products of Mtb genes were expressed and purified in Escherichia coli using affinity tags. The enzymatic activity of purified Nfo, XthA, and Nei2 proteins were measured using radioactively labeled DNA substrates containing various modified residues. Results: The genes end (Rv0670), xthA (Rv0427c), and nei (Rv3297) were PCR amplified using genomic DNA of Mtb H37Rv with primers that contain specific restriction sites. The amplified products were inserted into pET28c(+) expression vector in such a way that the recombinant proteins contain C-terminal histidine tags. The plasmid constructs were verified by sequencing and then transformed into the Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain. Purification of recombinant proteins was performed using Ni2+ ions immobilized affinity column, coupled with the fast performance liquid chromatography machine AKTA. Identification of the isolated proteins was performed by protein mass spectrometry by ion trap tandem MS/MS on nLC-ESI-Ion-Trap platform. Biochemical characterization of DNA repair protein-catalyzed activity was carried out by measuring apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, DNA glycosylase, exonuclease, and 3'-repair diesterase functions. In addition, effect of the opposite base and the influence of metal ion cofactors were measured. Conclusion: Results of the ongoing study will help us define the role of DNA repair enzymes in the emergence of mutations in the mycobacterial genome and, possibly, the origins of multi-drug resistance in mycobacteria.
Effect of Probiotic Consortium on the Local Inflammatory Process in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Khasenbekova Zhanagul , Saduakhasova Saule , Gulayev Alexandr , Kushugulova Almagul , Kozhakhmetov Samat , Shakhabayeva Gulnara , Tynybayeva Indira , Nurgozhin Talgat , Zhumadilov Zhaxybay
Published: January 2014

Introduction: Inflammatory periodontal disease is one of the major concerns of researchers and clinicians, because it can lead to tooth loss and an increased risk of systemic pathologies, even at the age of 35. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of gelatin-based probiotic consortium on the local and general factors of inflammation in rats with chronic periodontitis.Methods: The study object was a complex of probiotic bacteria based in an odourless 6% gelatin plate with neutral flavour. A cellular biomass of the consortium consists of following lactobacilli: Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, Lactobacillus caseisubsp.casei, L.fermentum, and L. helveticus. The viable cell number was 2.5 x 109 CFU/ml. The model of chronic periodontitis was reproduced in the white random-bred rats that weighed 160-220g, by keeping them on a low-protein diet. After three months, symptoms associated with medium and severe chronic periodontitis were observed in the rats. Application was carried out on the oral mucosa of rats 1 time per day for 14 days. The stickers lacking consortium of microorganisms were used as the placebo. The "Solcoseril" gel was chosen as a comparator. The hematologic, biochemical, and morphological characteristics were investigated.Results: A complete clearance of periodontal pockets was observed during an objective examination of the experimental group rats on the 14th day of the experiment. Moreover, a gingival mucous turned pink, and there were no cyanosis tissues. The local changes were accompanied by improvement in hematological parameters, such as a reduction of blood eosinophilia and neutrophilia, and a recovery of the white blood cells number to the normal degree within the group that received the probiotic complex. A decrease of the acute plethora of microvasculature was observed morphologically as a result of the treatment. There were signs of basal layer activation of the stratified squamous epithelium with a merger of the acanthosis outgrowths and a formation of the fibrotic nodules. Biochemical investigations did not show significant changes in the indicators.Conclusions: In the settings of the chronic periodontitis model, the use of gelatin-based probiotic consortium consisting of Lactobacillus casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, Lactobacillus caseisubsp.casei, L.fermentum, L. helveticus. at 2.5 x 109 CFU/ml viable cell numbers lead to the reduction of the local inflammatory manifestations of the periodontitis in 14 days of treatment.
Study of the erythropoiesis activity of nano-encapsulated forms of erythropoietin
Authors: Khasenbekova Zhanagul , Gulayev Alexandr , Nechayeva Elena , Nurgozhin Talgat , Zhumadilov Zhaxybay
Published: January 2014

Introduction: The recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is used in the treatment of anemia. In order to improve its pharmacokinetic properties, nanoparticles of biodegradable polymers of natural or synthetic origin were used. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of new nano-encapsulated forms of recombinant human erythropoietin for oral use on the erythropoiesis in the cyclophosphamide immunosuppression model.Material and methods: The CHOpE immortalized cells culture (a primary producer of rhEPO "Vector" in Russia) was used. The following biodegradable polymers were chosen: 0.05% and 0.005% carbopol, 0.05% and 0.005% kollidon, and 0.05% and 0.005% pectin. Immunosuppression was obtained by a single dose of i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (250 mg/kg) in white mice (18-20 g). During the next 5 days, the nano-encapsulated erythropoietin (100 ED/mouse) was administered orally to each mouse. After 5 and 10 days, the cell count of the number of blood reticulocytes and the myelogram of bone marrow were performed. The control group of mice received injections of Eprex.Results: On the 5th day of the experiment, the highest level of reticulocyte was observed in the samples of erythropoietin with kollidon (0.05%) and pectin (0.005%) nanoparticles. On the 10th day, the highest activity was observed in the samples of erythropoietin substance with pectin at 0.05% and 0.005% concentrations. The levels of reticulocytes in these groups reached 13.53% and 14.55%, respectively. The results of the myelogram during immunosuppression showed some activity of erythropoietin in conjunction with both concentrations of pectin when a two-fold increase in the number of erythroblasts was observed on the 5th day. High degrees of erythrokaryocytes in the state of mitosis were observed in the 0.05% pectin samples. Similar results were observed in equivalent groups of control animals on the 10th day of the experiment, which is compatible with the data on Eprex action.Conclusion: The erythropoietic activity of nano-encapsulated forms of erythropoietin was observed in the 0.05% and 0.005% pectin samples in the cyclophosphamide immunosuppression model setting.
Co-creating European Union Citizenship: Institutional Process and Crescive Norms
Authors: Kostakopoulou Dora
Published: January 2014

By focusing on processes and institutional change, EU citizenship emerges as a co-created institution. It is the product of institutional design and co-creation by actors at all levels of governance and is shaped by multilogues at the ‘top’, ‘bottom’ and ‘sideways’, as well as by citizens’ formal and informal actions. A co-creation perspective leads us to reconsider state-centred assumptions about which form of citizenship should be predominant and the dualism of centralism (supra-nationalism) versus ‘home-rule’ (intergovernmentalism), and to embrace a genuinely citizen-centred perspective. The chapter develops the co-creation paradigm, examines its dimensions, various forms and patterns and, by discussing the post-RottmannandZambranocase law (McCarthy, Dereci, Iida, O, S and LandYmeraga) as well asTsakouridisandPI, sheds light onto the complex dynamics that make EU citizenship a vehicle of transformative institutional change but that can also work against it.
Disagreement—Commonality—Autonomy: EU Fundamental Rights in the Internal Market
Authors: Augenstein Daniel
Published: January 2014

The contribution explores the implications of disagreements about rights in the ‘multi-layered’ European polity for the autonomy of EU fundamental rights law. It argues that insomuch as the EU’s weak claim to supra-national political authority is corroborated by a strong case for economic integration, the internal market operates not simply as a constraining factor in the effective realisation of fundamental rights, but provides the very foundation of their autonomous interpretation in the EU legal order. Sections II and III elaborate upon the relationship between conflicts of authority in the European legal space and the autonomous interpretation of EU fundamental rights law under conditions of political disagreement. Section IV links the argument to the often-alleged instrumentalisation of EU fundamental rights in the service of the market. Sections V and VI substantiate the guiding contention of the contribution—that the autonomy of EU fundamental rights law is rooted in the unity of the market—with an analysis of pertinent case law. The concluding section suggests that the transformation of the EU into a ‘genuine’ human rights polity must proceed through a politicisation of the market by virtue of fundamental rights law.
The Ambiguity of Multi-Level Governance and (De-)Harmonisation in EU Environmental Law
Authors: Lee Maria
Published: January 2014

This chapter explores the ambiguous allocation of authority in the governance of two areas of environmental protection: industrial pollution and genetically modified organisms. Ambiguity, that is, a difficulty in asserting that any single actor has the final word on a subject, is inevitable in the EU’s multi-level governance system and is not necessarily undesirable. These two examples demonstrate that even in the face of concerted efforts to introduce a formal hierarchy, the need for collaboration around softer norms persists.
The Law and Political Objectives of the European Neighbourhood Policy in the East: A Difficult Marriage or Singing in Unison?
Authors: Ghazaryan Nariné
Published: January 2014

The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is inherently political in nature. The rationalistic considerations underpinning its launch and subsequent elaboration have necessarily influenced the choice of the legal framework. At the same time, the rules regulating the conduct of EU foreign policy had a reciprocal impact on policy choices made. The legislative and political developments following the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty and the regional split in the policy arguably injected new dynamics into the interaction between the political and legal aspects of the ENP.

The chapter traces the relationship between the political objectives and the legal framework of the ENP through three phases of its existence, with a focus on the eastern neighbourhood, comprising Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the South Caucasus, as the addressee of the exclusionary rationale of the policy. First, the formulation and the elaboration of the initiative is revisited as the first phase of the existence of the policy. The second phase concerns the ‘Eastern Partnership’ initiative established as a result of the regional split within the policy. The third phase refers to the law and political objectives of the ENP as translated into Article 8 TEU.
The Citizenship Paradigm
Authors: Kochenov Dimitry
Published: January 2014

This chapter suggests the deployment of the concept of European citizenship as a means of integration alongside the internal market, proposing the citizenship paradigm of European integration to inform the Union’s future. This proposal, based on a combination of the initial promise of European unity and the potential of EU citizenship, is not purely utopian but is directly rooted in the primary law as well as in the purpose of the integration project.
Home Country Control with Consent: A New Paradigm for Ensuring Trust and Cooperation in the Internal Market?
Authors: Schammo Pierre
Published: January 2014

Home country control has been a long-standing principle of supervisory governance in the internal market. However, in the wake of the financial crisis, the principle has come under stress. This chapter looks at ways to deal with home country control by putting forward for discussion a new paradigm which I will coin ‘home country control with consent’ (HCC-C). My aim is to examine the building blocks of HCC-C but also to reflect more generally on the merit of a (mostly horizontal) supervisory arrangement which allows other (host) actors to get involved in the decision making of a home state authority. To describe such involvement, I will use the term ‘interference’. The basic problematic that I seek to address is that of ensuring cooperation and trust between national competent authorities. To identify the building blocks of HCC-C, I will turn to the recently enacted European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) which provides a possible, even if embryonic, template for HCC-C.
A Comparative Study of the Propensity of Whistle-Blowing: Empirical Evidence from China, Taiwan, and the United States
Authors: Hwang Dennis B.K. , Chen Yan , Staley Andrew Blair , Tsai Yafang , Chu Chin-Ling
Published: January 2014

This paper explores cultural factors that influence the propensity to blow-the-whistle in China, Taiwan, and the U.S.  Statistical analysis of self-developed questionnaires reveals that:  a) Americans have a greater disposition to engage in whistle-blowing than Chinese and Taiwanese; b) the intention of Chinese and Taiwanese to whistle-blow is influenced to a greater degree by the dollar amounts involved and also by the impact of illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices on companies and societies than that of the Americans; c) Guanxi (personal relationships or networks) has a greater effect on the propensity to whistle-blow for Chinese and Taiwanese than for Americans. Auditors and managers need to be aware that employees in different cultures respond differently to factors that influence whistle-blowing. The results of this study will help auditors and managers better assess risk and the effectiveness of internal controls and ethical standards.
Yield Characteristics of Moringa oleifera Across Different Ecologies in Nigeria as an Index of Its Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: M. Ndubuaku U. , C. N. Ndubuaku T. , E. Ndubuaku N.
Published: January 2014

The pod and yield characteristics of Moringa oleifera plants grown in Ibadan (Rainforest vegetation), Nsukka (Forest-derived savannah vegetation) and Jos (arid derived savannah vegetation) were evaluated from 2007- 2009 to assess adaptability of the plant to climate change threats. The rainfall and temperature distribution in the three locations varied over the years. The Moringa oleifera plants grown at Ibadan had the greatest pod and seed yield followed by those at Nsukka and Jos in that order. The annual pod and seed production capacities of the plants differed significantly (p < 0.05) in the different locations. The overall annual pod and seed production per location, including yield characteristics, did not differ significantly throughout the years of study. Moringa oleifera was therefore found to be a suitable crop adaptable to various environmental and climatic changes in Nigeria.
Aplicação do método de mapeamento de fluxo de valor no setor de engenharia de uma empresa têxtil
Authors: Milnitz Diego , Tubino Dalvio Ferrari
Published: January 2014

Este artigo apresenta e discute a aplicação de uma ferramenta da Manufatura Enxuta em um ambiente multiprojetos de desenvolvimento de produtos. A aplicação se deu em uma empresa do setor têxtil do estado de Santa Catarina onde foi utilizado o método de mapeamento de fluxo de valor com a finalidade de identificar os desperdícios nas atividades desse processo e realizar melhorias de forma estruturada e objetiva. Portanto, será que esse método aplicado na empresa estudada, realmente possibilita identificar a existência de excessos nos inventários de informações, retrabalhos, e inconsistências nos fluxos de informações e materiais? Como resultado dessa aplicação obteve-se a redução de dois dias no lead time total do desenvolvimento de produtos no setor de engenharia, o que sinaliza o potencial de utilização desse método para a melhoria de ambientes caracterizados pelo elevado mix de produtos desenvolvidos num curto espaço de tempo.
Sistema de codificação e sua relação com controle de projetos: Um estudo de caso
Authors: Nara Elpidio Oscar Benitez , Moraes Jorge André Ribas , Kipper Liane Mahlmann , Furtado João Carlos , Silva André Luiz Emmel , Iserhard Fernanda Zinn , Hoffmann Fábio
Published: January 2014

Um sistema de codificação mal formulado dificulta a administração, produção e até mesmo a relação com os clientes, uma vez que este pode receber o produto incorreto devido à falha de digitação de um código. Criar um sistema de codificação claro e robusto tem grande importância uma vez que esse método deverá atender às necessidades por um longo período. Sistemas de codificação mal elaborados também trazem problemas ao processo. Sistemas confusos e extensos estão mais propensos a causar erros. A automatização com código de barras é uma forma bastante confortável de eliminar problemas dessa natureza, evitando que erros de registros venham a ocorrer. O foco deste trabalho é justamente a análise do sistema de codificação utilizado em uma empresa de tecnologia eletrônica e os principais sistemas citados nas bibliografias, objetivando formular uma proposta de melhoria.
Militaristes et anti-impérialistes
Authors: Massie Justin , Boucher Jean-Christophe
Published: January 2014

Est-ce que le Québec subit un processus de militarisation sociétale ? La question peut paraître farfelue, puisqu’il est couramment accepté que les Québécois partagent des valeurs antimilitaristes, voire pacifistes. Dans cet article, les auteurs examinent rigoureusement la question. Ils dressent d’abord une typologie des attitudes potentiellement partagées par les Québécois en matière de sécurité internationale. Il vérifient ensuite, à l’aide de dizaines de sondages d’opinion publique réalisés au cours des 25 dernières années, la nature et l’ampleur des préférences québécoises vis-à-vis des enjeux de politique étrangère et de défense. Il se dégage de l’article un portrait, plutôt paradoxal, selon lequel les Québécois maintiennent des préférences durablement anti-impérialistes, tout en exprimant de fortes opinions militaristes.
Le côté obscur de la force
Authors: Morin David
Published: January 2014

Historiquement, l’usage de la force armée constitue une source de division au sein de la société canadienne, où plusieurs conceptions s’opposent. Parmi celles-ci, la conception militariste de la « nation guerrière » et sa diplomatie robuste ont gagné en vitalité depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir des conservateurs en 2006. Au coeur de la stratégie conservatrice pour substituer à l’identité internationaliste (libérale) du Canada les fondements d’un nouveau « parti de gouvernement naturel », ce discours militariste tranche avec l’approche habituellement prudente des gouvernements précédents sur la question depuis un demi-siècle. Loin de contribuer à rallier la société canadienne, ce virage révèle et exacerbe les tensions au pays, faisant au passage une victime collatérale de premier ordre : l’unité nationale.
L’étude des objets, espaces et sites de sécurité de la vie quotidienne
Authors: Grondin David
Published: January 2014

Ce texte examine la militarisation dans le contexte américain. La première section trace les contours théoriques de la militarisation américaine et de ses conditions de possibilité. La seconde section se concentre sur l’emprise et l’empreinte de la militarisation sur la société et avance qu’il faut prêter attention aux espaces, objets et sites de la sécurité qui forment les paramètres de la vie quotidienne. Faire de l’étude de la culture populaire un axe privilégié pour montrer comment la vie nationale est transformée et habitée par la militarisation permet de rendre compte de la banalisation de l’ancrage du fait militaire dans le tissu social de la vie quotidienne, sinon de la militarisation comme « mode de vie américain » avec la guerre véhiculée et consommée comme divertissement.
Pattern of microbial translocation in patients living with HIV‐1 from Vietnam, Ethiopia and Sweden
Authors: Abdurahman Samir , Barqasho Babilonia , Nowak Piotr , Cuong Do Duy , Amogne Wondwossen , Larsson Mattias , Lindquist Lars , Marrone Gaetano , Sönnerborg Anders
Published: January 2014

Introduction

The role of microbial translocation (MT) in HIV patients living with HIV from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is not fully known. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the patterns of MT in patients from Vietnam, Ethiopia and Sweden.

Methods

Cross‐sectional samples were obtained from treatment‐naïve patients living with HIV‐1 and healthy controls from Vietnam (n=83; n=46), Ethiopia (n=9492; n=50) and Sweden (n=51; n=19). Longitudinal samples were obtained from a subset of the Vietnamese (n=24) in whom antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculostatics were given. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sCD14 and anti‐flagellin IgG were determined by the endpoint chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

All three biomarkers were significantly increased in patients living with HIV‐1 from all countries as compared to controls. No differences were found between males and females. Vietnamese and Ethiopian patients had significantly higher levels of anti‐flagellin IgG and LPS, as compared to Swedes. ART reduced these levels for the Vietnamese. Vietnamese patients given tuberculostatics at initiation of ART had significantly lower levels of anti‐flagellin IgG and higher sCD14. The biomarkers were lower in Vietnamese who did not develop opportunistic infection.

Conclusions

Higher MT is common in patients living with HIV compared to healthy individuals, and in patients from LMICs compared to patients from a high‐income country. Treatment with tuberculostatics decreased MT while higher levels of MT are associated with a poorer clinical outcome.
High responsivity and wide bandwidth operation of InP-based pin-photodiode array monolithically integrated with 90° hybrid using butt-joint regrowth
Authors: Yagi Hideki , Inoue Naoko , Masuyama Ryuji , Katsuyama Tomokazu , Kikuchi Takehiko , Onishi Yutaka , Yoneda Yoshihiro , Shoji Hajime
Published: January 2014

The InP-based pin-photodiode array monolithically integrated with a 90° hybrid consisting of multimode interference structures was fabricated using the butt-joint regrowth for compact 100 Gbps coherent receivers. The low dark current of less than 0.2 nA was obtained with InP passivation effect through the selective regrowth process in four-channel photodiodes. A responsivity including total loss of 8.3 dB in the waveguide was as high as 0.14 A/W. The wide 3 dB bandwidth of 24 GHz at a low reverse bias voltage of 1.6 V was also achieved under high optical input power conditions (photocurrent: 4 mA).
Silicon Mach–Zehnder interferometer optical isolator having 8 nm bandwidth for over 20 dB isolation
Authors: Shoji Yuya , Shirato Yuya , Mizumoto Tetsuya
Published: January 2014

We demonstrate a silicon Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based magneto-optical isolator having an 8 nm bandwidth for more than 20 dB isolation. The operational bandwidth of the isolator is determined by the wavelength dependence of a reciprocal phase difference provided by the asymmetric path length of the MZI. Although a shorter path length requires precise control of the waveguide dimensions, we achieve wider-bandwidth operation.
A Comparison of the Indentation Size Effect in Fused Silica and Crystalline Quartz
Authors: Zhang Lei , Bradt Richard C.
Published: January 2014

The Indentation Size Effect (ISE) in Fused Silica and Crystalline Quartz were measured by both Knoop and Vicker indenters and both exhibited a crossover for the different indenters at about the same indentation load. The crossover can be explained by the ratio of the (surface area/indentation volume) from the geometries of the two indenters.
Challenges and Strategies toward Manganese Hexacyanoferrate for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Zhiming , Qian Yudan , Chen Xiaomin , Chen Jian , Zhou Xunzhu , Kuang Wenxi , Shi Xiaoyan , Wu Xingqiao , Li Lin , Wang Jiazhao , Chou Shulei
Published: July 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a beneficial complement to lithium‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage systems because of the abundant sodium resources. However, the relatively large ionic radius of Na+ inevitably results in a huge volume change and sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, which put forward higher requirements for electrode materials. Among the reported cathode materials for SIBs, the manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) with the merits of large channels for fast sodium ion transport, high theoretical capacity and low cost has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the recent achievements of MnHCF for SIBs are focused. The key challenges of MnHCF limiting the practical application include the interstitial water, vacancies, low electronic conductivity, and the Jahn‐Teller effect. Subsequently, the mainstream strategies to boost the sodium storage performance of MnHCF are summarized (such as structure regulation, surface coating, hybridization with carbon materials, and element substitution). Finally, the potential research directions are also proposed to promote the practical application of MnHCF for SIBs. This review is expected to provide a whole insight into exploring MnHCF cathode materials for SIBs.
Polystyrene Particle Size Distribution with the Use of Modified Time Increment Monte Carlo Model
Authors: Khajehpour‐Tadavani Soheyl , Abedini Hossein , Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi Mehdi , Brandão Amanda Lemette Teixeira
Published: July 2024

In the present study, a dynamic Monte Carlo (MC) model is applied for predicting the dynamic evolution of monomer Droplet Size Distribution (DSD) and polymer Particle Size Distribution (PSD) within the presence of an inventive time step in the MC algorithm for both non‐reactive (liquid–liquid dispersion) and reactive systems. Besides, a combining approach as a second inventive strategy is introduced for implementing the MC simulation with a high number of droplets. An optimization process generated the dimensionless Model Parameters (MPs) and is applied to the MC simulation. The MC algorithm is validated with the experimental data from the literature. The novel time step can predict the dynamic evolution of monomer droplets and polymer particles in the reactive systems and diminish the time of the simulation. The combining approach is an excellent strategy for mixing the same or different number of droplets for decreasing time consumption of MC simulation. Extraordinary findings depicted the model's effectiveness and the validity of the time step and combining strategies.
In Silico Identification of Selective KRAS G12D Inhibitor via Machine Learning‐Based Molecular Docking Combined with Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Nadee Panik , Prompat Napat , Yamabhai Montarop , Sangkhathat Surasak , Benjakul Soottawat , Tipmanee Varomyalin , Saetang Jirakrit
Published: July 2024

KRAS G12D mutation is prevalent in various cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify potential drug candidates targeting KRAS G12D using combined machine learning, virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The training and test sets are constructed based on a selection of inhibitors targeting the KRAS G12D mutant from the ChEMBL library. A random forest machine learning algorithm is developed to predict potential KRAS G12D binders. Molecular docking and the MM/PBSA binding energy are used to identify the lead compounds. The compound NPC489264 is identified as the top candidate, exhibiting favorable docking energy for the KRAS G12D mutant (−13.16 kcal mol−1). A hydrogen bond between the mutated Asp12 residue in the KRAS G12D mutant and NPC489264 is found to be a key interaction between these 2 molecules. MD simulations and MM/PBSA analysis revealed the strong binding affinity of NPC489264 to the G12D mutant (−5.49 kcal mol−1) compared to the wild type (10.17 kcal mol−1). These findings suggest that NPC489264 is a promising lead compound for further development of KRAS G12D‐targeted cancer therapies.
Engineering 3D Scaffold‐Free Nanoparticle‐Laden Stem Cell Constructs for Piezoelectric Enhancement of Human Neural Tissue Formation and Function
Authors: James Emma Claire , Tomaskovic‐Crook Eva , Crook Jeremy Micah
Published: July 2024

Electrical stimulation (ES) of cellular systems can be utilized for biotechnological applications and electroceuticals (bioelectric medicine). Neural cell stimulation especially has a long history in neuroscience research and is increasingly applied for clinical therapies. Application of ES via conventional electrodes requires external connectors and power sources, hindering scientific and therapeutic applications. Here engineering novel 3D scaffold‐free human neural stem cell constructs with integrated piezoelectric nanoparticles for enhanced neural tissue induction and function is described. Tetragonal barium titanate (BaTi03) nanoparticles are employed as piezoelectric stimulators prepared as cytocompatible dispersions, incorporated into 3D self‐organizing neural spheroids, and activated wirelessly by ultrasound. Ultrasound delivery (low frequency; 40 kHz) is optimized for cell survival, and nanoparticle activation enabled ES throughout the spheroids during differentiation, tissue formation, and maturation. The resultant human neural tissues represent the first example of direct tissue loading with piezoelectric particles for ensuing 3D ultrasound‐mediated piezoelectric enhancement of human neuronal induction from stem cells, including augmented neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. It is anticipated that the platform described will facilitate advanced tissue engineering and in vitro modeling of human neural (and potentially non‐neural) tissues, with modeling including tissue development and pathology, and applicable to preclinical testing and prototyping of both electroceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Hemispherical Retina Emulated by Plasmonic Optoelectronic Memristors with All‐Optical Modulation for Neuromorphic Stereo Vision
Authors: Shan Xuanyu , Wang Zhongqiang , Xie Jun , Han Jiaqi , Tao Ye , Lin Ya , Zhao Xiaoning , Ielmini Daniele , Liu Yichun , Xu Haiyang
Published: July 2024

Binocular stereo vision relies on imaging disparity between two hemispherical retinas, which is essential to acquire image information in three dimensional environment. Therefore, retinomorphic electronics with structural and functional similarities to biological eyes are always highly desired to develop stereo vision perception system. In this work, a hemispherical optoelectronic memristor array based on Ag‐TiO2nanoclusters/sodium alginate film is developed to realize binocular stereo vision. All‐optical modulation induced by plasmonic thermal effect and optical excitation in Ag‐TiO2nanoclusters is exploited to realize in‐pixel image sensing and storage. Wide field of view (FOV) and spatial angle detection are experimentally demonstrated owing to the device arrangement and incident‐angle‐dependent characteristics in hemispherical geometry. Furthermore, depth perception and motion detection based on binocular disparity have been realized by constructing two retinomorphic memristive arrays. The results demonstrated in this work provide a promising strategy to develop all‐optically controlled memristor and promote the future development of binocular vision system with in‐sensor architecture.
The impact of regulatory workplace safety inspections on workers' compensation claim rates
Authors: McLeod Christopher B. , Macpherson Robert A. , He Ailin , Amick Benjamin C. , Koehoorn Mieke , Tompa Emile
Published: July 2024

Background

Studies on the impact of workplace safety inspections on work injuries have found mixed effectiveness. Most studies are from the United States, examining Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) regulatory inspections in manufacturing firms with more than 10 employees. This study examines whether regulatory inspections in Alberta, Canada, result in reductions in workers' compensation claims rates for inspected firms relative to comparable non‐inspected firms.

Methods

Firm and claim‐level data from the Workers' Compensation Board of Alberta were linked with regulatory enforcement data from the Government of Alberta for construction, manufacturing, and transportation firms with at least one full‐time employee for 37 consecutive months. A matched difference‐in‐differences study design was used to estimate changes in lost‐time claim rates for work‐related injuries and musculoskeletal diseases of inspected and comparable non‐inspected firms between the year pre‐inspection and 2 years, post‐inspection, controlling for firm‐level characteristics.

Results

Inspections were not effective in reducing firm‐level claim rates, with the exception of transportation firms with more than one inspection experiencing a 28% decrease in their claim rate in the second year post‐inspection, relative to the change in non‐inspected firms. In construction, inspected firms experienced a 12% increase in their claim rate in the first year post‐inspection. No effect was observed in the manufacturing sector.

Conclusions

Regulatory workplace safety inspections in Alberta generally do not result in greater reductions in firm‐level claim rates in the construction, manufacturing, and transportation sectors. Inspections alone may not be sufficient to induce compliance or hazard management changes that lead to reductions in firm‐level injuries.
Locus coeruleus integrity and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a cohort of early‐ and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Falgàs Neus , Peña‐González Marta , Val‐Guardiola Andrea , Pérez‐Millan Agnès , Guillén Núria , Sarto Jordi , Esteller Diana , Bosch Beatriz , Fernández‐Villullas Guadalupe , Tort‐Merino Adrià , Mayà Gerard , Augé Josep Maria , Iranzo Alex , Balasa Mircea , Lladó Albert , Morales‐Ruiz Manuel , Bargalló Núria , Muñoz‐Moreno Emma , Grinberg Lea T. , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) shows a higher burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms than late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). We aim to determine the differences in the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and locus coeruleus (LC) integrity between EOAD and LOAD accounting for disease stage.

METHODS

One hundred four subjects with AD diagnosis and 32 healthy controls were included. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure LC integrity, measures of noradrenaline levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). We analyzed LC‐noradrenaline measurements and clinical and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker associations.

RESULTS

EOAD showed higher NPI scores, lower LC integrity, and similar levels of CSF noradrenaline compared to LOAD. Notably, EOAD exhibited lower LC integrity independently of disease stage. LC integrity negatively correlated with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Noradrenaline levels were increased in AD correlating with AD biomarkers.

DISCUSSION

Decreased LC integrity negatively contributes to neuropsychiatric symptoms. The higher LC degeneration in EOAD compared to LOAD could explain the more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms in EOAD.

Highlights

LC degeneration is greater in early‐onset AD (EOAD) compared to late‐onset AD.

Tau‐derived LC degeneration drives a higher severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms.

EOAD harbors a more profound selective vulnerability of the LC system.

LC degeneration is associated with an increase of cerebrospinal fluid noradrenaline levels in AD.