bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience of patent ductus arteriosus stenting in patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary artery atresia with an intact ventricular septum
Authors:   SI ", Motrechko O.O. ,   Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine",   , Kyiv, Mykhailovska A.O. ,   SI "Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine", Kyiv, Halich V.-S.M. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,
Published: August 2024

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricle septum (PA IVS) is a relatively rare congenital heart defect. This defect is characterized by the absence of flow from the right ventricle (RV) to the pulmonary artery with varying degrees of hypoplasia of the tricuspid valve (TV) and the RV cavity and has duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. Therefore, immediately after birth, the patent arterial duct (PDA) remains the only source of pulmonary blood flow. Additionally, this defect may be associated with concomitant coronary anomalies, such as ventriculocoronary fistulas, coronary artery stenosis or atresia. Aim - to evaluate the dynamics of the growth of the right heart in the remote period based on the experience of VAP stenting as a method of enriching the pulmonary blood flow in patients with ALA and MI with varying degrees of hypoplasia. Materials and methods. This retrospective single-center study included 19 consecutive patients diagnosed with PA IVS, who underwent PDA stenting at the UCC from 2015 to February 2024. Results. Perforation and balloon valvuloplasty of the pulmonary valve were performed in 9 (47.36%) patients on average for 8.6±3.52 days. Simultaneous PDA stenting with perforation and balloon valvuloplasty of the pulmonary valve was performed in 5 (26.3%) and with balloon atrial septostomy without opening antegrade flow into the pulmonary artery in 4 (21.05%) patients. Only PDA stenting was performed in 1 (5.26%) patient, who had extremely severe TV and RV hypoplasia. Conclusions. Patent ductus arteriosus stenting allows to gain time to restore the compliance of the right heart chambers and promotes the growth and development of the pulmonary blood flow. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent of the child and child's parents was obtained for the research. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Preliminary observations of skeletal UV fluorescence in fresh and preserved snakes
Authors: Bernstein Justin , Rittmeyer Eric , Ruane Sara
Published: August 2024

Biofluorescent tissues in vertebrates are commonly observed phenomena that have been found in a widevariety of taxonomic groups. The fluorescence of bone has recently been found visible through the skin in some squamates,although its function is poorly known. While this phenomenon has been observed in lizards, no publishedrecords of ultraviolet (UV)-based fluorescence exist for snakes. We present the first published record of bone-basedfluorescence of snakes using museum skeletal specimens and fresh dead-on-the-road (DOR) specimens (24–48 h postmortem)gathered during field observations. Nine of 11 families tested fluoresced in the presence of a UV alternativelight source. We found that snake bones emitted brighter blue/green light in DOR specimens than the dull green colorin older museum specimens. Fluorescence, though brighter in fresh specimens, was still observed in museum specimensas old as 95 years. We herein present observations to provide baseline data for fluorescence-related studies in snakes.We remain uncertain if the light emitted from bones is visible through the skin and scales of living snakes and identifythis as an important area for future investigations.
Синтез и физико-химические свойства 1-карбокси-2-/пергидро(1,3,5-дитиазин)/-5-илэтана при сорбции тяжелых, благородных и редкоземельных элементов
Authors: Хорозова Ольга Д. , Дальнова Юлия С. , Бабкин Александр В. , Мельникова Ирина М. , Трясцина Анастасия С. , Шукман Елизавета С.
Published: August 2024

В работе предложена лабораторная методика синтеза сорбента 1-карбокси-2-/пергидро(1,3,5-дитиазин)/-5-илэтана (КПДЭ). С использованием различных методов зарегистрирован ИК-спектр полученного соединения. Выявлены спектральные признаки для идентификации структуры 1-карбокси-2-/пергидро(1,3,5-дитиазин)/-5-илэтана в продуктах синтеза. Состав целевого соединения подтвержден также методом ЯМР-спектроскопии на ядрах 13С и 15N. Получена порошковая рентгенограмма 1-карбокси-2-/пергидро(1,3,5-дитиазин)/-5-илэтана. На основе проведенных сорбционных экспериментов показана возможность эффективного применения синтезированного сорбента в процессах селективного извлечения тяжелых, благородных и редкоземельных металлов из модельных и реальных многокомпонентных растворов. Проведена оценка возможности применения синтезированного сорбционного материала при адсорбции благородных металлов из реальных отработанных растворов аффинажного производства. Доказано, что присутствует выраженная селективность синтезированного материала, так как концентрации тяжелых металлов (например, никеля и свинца) в процессе сорбции при различных температурах изменяются незначительно, в то время как например золото, палладий и платина сорбируются практически со 100% эффективностью.
Nicolás Loaiza Díaz entrevista a Diego Herrera Gómez
Authors:   Temple University, Loaiza Díaz Nicolas
Published: August 2024

En celebración por los 70 años de nuestro Boletín de Antropología invitamos al antropólogo Nicolás Loaiza Díaz, director del ICANH en el periodo 2019-2022, a realizar una entrevista al profesor y antiguo editor general de la revista, Diego Herrera, quien relata el amplio recorrido de su trayectoria académica y profesional, y cuyo legado en el Departamento de Antropología de la Universidad de Antioquia y en el Boletín se encuentra muy presente.
A desapropriação da Rocinha em 1944: embate pelo solo urbano e disputa por direitos em um bairro operário situado no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Carvalho da Costa Mariana
Published: August 2024

Em 1944, o prefeito da cidade do Rio de Janeiro sancionou um decreto-lei que desapropriava as moradias situadas na localidade da Rocinha. Em resposta a essa situação, seus moradores o pressionaram para revogar a medida. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as estratégias e discursos mobilizados por tais indivíduos para garantir o seu espaço de moradia. A intenção é demonstrar, através da análise de fontes legislativas, jornais e fotos, que eles protagonizaram o embate pelo solo urbano a partir de lógicas e interesses articulados a suas experiências e redes de solidariedade tecidas cotidianamente.
El IV Congreso Internacional Femenino en el Centenario de la muerte de Bolívar, Bogotá 1930
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sánchez Parra Cristina
Published: August 2024

El artículo estudia las conmemoraciones nacionales desde la perspectiva de las mujeres que participaron en los homenajes a Simón Bolívar en el centenario de su muerte. Se retoman particularmente las jornadas del IV Congreso Internacional Femenino, para mostrar cómo por medio de los temas y debates planteados, las mujeres, al tiempo que realizaban homenajes al Libertador, propusieron una agenda reivindicativa sobre su condición social, en diálogo con el feminismo latinoamericano. Sostengo que el Centenario fue una coyuntura política aprovechada por las mujeres para generar espacios de interlocución con los hombres del gobierno y exponer las brechas de género que existían en la época.
Misiones interiores, ejercicios espirituales y conferencias cuaresmales: formas de recristianización en la España franquista, 1940-1960
Authors:   Universidad de Sevilla, Bernal García Francisco
Published: August 2024

Tras la Guerra Civil, la Iglesia española puso en marcha un proyecto de recristianización a través del cual pretendía restablecer la unanimidad de la sociedad en torno al catolicismo. Las misiones interiores, los ejercicios espirituales y las conferencias cuaresmales fueron tres de los instrumentos más destacados que los eclesiásticos utilizaron para lograr ese objetivo. A través de estos instrumentos la Iglesia evidenció el apego que sentía hacia las formas tradicionales de la comunicación religiosa, así como a una concepción rigorista de la religiosidad. Al mismo tiempo, los tres fueron adaptados a actuaciones de apostolado dirigidas específicamente a la clase obrera.
Herman Paul, Historians' Virtues. From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022
Authors:   Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla, Spindola Zago Octavio
Published: August 2024

La reciente aportación de Paul a la colección Elements in Historical Theory and Practice, editada por Daniel Woolf para el sello editorial de Cambridge University Press, presenta un viraje tan interesante como sugerente. Historians’ Virtues. From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century no hace objeto de su análisis los procedimientos internos y externos de la interpretación histórica, que parte de na determinada hipótesis y sigue con una serie de inferencias deducidas de las fuentes y sujeta a falsación. Tampoco tematiza los acuerdos epistemológicos, tácitos o explícitos, instituidos entre los historiadores y las audiencias. Lo que la lectora y el lector hallarán a lo largo de este libro es una novedosa disertación sobre la categoría de “virtud” en la historia de la historiografía.
Uma disputa pelo “estatuto estudantil”: movimento estudantil entre os debates e embates sobre o que é ser um “bom” ou “mau” estudante no Brasil (1961-1968)
Authors:   Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, Braghini Katya
Published: August 2024

O artigo apresenta o movimento estudantil brasileiro, durante a ditadura civil-mitar, pensando-o pelo “estatuto do estudante”, ou seja, sobre como os valores e formas de ser desta categoria social foram disputados nos discursos, principalmente da imprensa diária e educacional. O artigo analisa jornais, revistas educativas, materiais didáticos, fotografias e testemunhos. A maneira como os estudantes devem se comportar balizou a perseguição de suas associações, evidenciou uma disputa geracional pelo termo e fez surgir a contraposição do “bom estudante”, quieto e estudioso, como um valor patriótico, em confronto aos seus pares em mobilização política.
Convergencias entre izquierdas estudiantiles y obreras en tres movimientos sudamericanos de 1968-1969
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blaz Rodríguez Sergio Epifanio
Published: August 2024

Este artículo tiene por objetivo explorar la formación de izquierdas estudiantiles y obreras en Brasil y Uruguay, en el marco de los movimientos estudiantiles de 1968, y en Argentina, en 1969. Se analizan sus acercamientos y su convergencia, en acciones de lucha como parte de movimientos sociales, y a nivel organizativo en la formación de nuevas izquierdas en América Latina.
Activismo estudiantil y militancia guerrillera en la Universidad de Sonora de los años setenta. Una historia de simpatías y conflictos
Authors:   El Colegio de Morelos, Galaviz Miranda Cuitlahuac Alfonso
Published: August 2024

Durante los años setenta, la Universidad de Sonora fue el escenario de una intensa actividad política. El objetivo del artículo es analizar las relaciones entre dos expresiones de dicha actividad: por un lado, dinámicas de activismo estudiantil enfocadas en objetivos como lograr una reforma universitaria y la destitución de autoridades; por el otro, militancias guerrilleras que actuaban en la clandestinidad y buscaban hacer una revolución armada y socialista. Mediante un análisis de testimonios orales, documentos de archivo y escritos realizados por activistas estudiantiles y militantes guerrilleros, la investigación concluye que las relaciones entre ambos sectores fueron complejas y caracterizadas por cambios y matices a lo largo de la década.
Hospital Colônia Adauto Botelho: projetos, tensões e conquistas na construção da reforma psiquiátrica (Paraná, Brasil, 1982-1989)
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Wadi Yonissa Marmitt , Santos Carvalho Jakeline ,   Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Published: August 2024

Neste artigo investigamos os movimentos em prol da reforma psiquiátrica no Hospital Colônia Adauto Botelho, do Paraná, na década de 1980. Por meio da problematização de documentos como projetos, propostas e avaliações, considerados como discursos, nosso objetivo principal foi compreender, além do que foi considerado prioritário em termos de mudanças organizacionais na instituição, que sujeitos emergiram nesse movimento. A hipótese defendida é que os enunciados construíram diferentes sujeitos: alguns como atentos / preocupados / engajados na superação do modelo manicomial; e outros como aqueles a quem se devia cuidados, humanização, transformação, pois teriam sido alijados de direitos.
Hermes Tovar Pinzón. Potosí: el rostro de la muerte. Megaminería y globalización en los siglos XVI y XVII. Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario, 2023
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Bejarano Rodríguez Christian Fabián
Published: August 2024

Tras un benedictino trabajo de archivo, que llevó a Tovar a recopilar información de innumerables fondos del Archivo General de las Indias, el Archivo y Biblioteca Nacionales de Bolivia, el Archivo Histórico de la Casa Nacional de Moneda, en Potosí, el Museo Británico, la Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, entre otros, el autor plantea de entrada una sugestiva paradoja cuando señala que las regiones latinoamericanas que contaron con grandes riquezas naturales, fundamentalmente mineras, actualmente son polos de miseria; mientras que California, Australia o Nueva Zelanda, que en el pasado también fueron productoras de metales preciosos, hoy en día son sociedades equitativas y desarrolladas.
Distributed Caching System with Strict Consistency Guarantee for Critical Information Infrastructure
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation, Repin V. O. , Sidorov A. A. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

The place of caching in modern information systems is considered. Typical models of network applications architecture construction and consistency guarantees that they provide to the end user are presented. A comparative analysis of analogues is given, which allows one to outline the features of the proposed system. The developed architecture is described. The architecture of a separate cluster node is described, as well as the architecture and implementation of software development kits for different programming languages. The specifics of designing complex client libra­ries for distributed systems are considered. The importance of consistency models is noted, their interrelationships and hierarchy are described based on the summarized information of existing research. A brief comparison of the two popular consensus algorithms, Raft and Paxos, is given in order to determine the basics of designing a common architecture. Industry leaders in caching systems emphasize performance, deliberately relaxing the consistency of the stored data. Using such systems in an environment that requires maintaining the order of events in the external world is difficult or involves the need for additional tools to maintain data consistency. This paper proposes a caching system that guarantees strict data consistency and provides a single interface for handling it, similar to industry leaders.
INNOVATIVE TEACHING METHODS AS A COMPONENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF A MODERN INSTITUTION OF HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATION
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pampukha Ihor , Vovkotecha Oleksandr ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kubiavka Mykola ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pyrogov Kyrylo ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background. In the higher military educational institutions of the leading countries of the world, training methods today are mainly aimed at the development of individual qualities of cadets, in particular, critical thinking and a sense of responsibility for one's actions. During training, in most institutions, active methods are used to encourage cadets to think creatively and implement their abilities in practice. For greater efficiency in the mastering of the educational material, it is also worth using methods aimed at memorization, in particular the mind maps, reference notes, zettelkasten. The purpose of the article: to determine effective methods for learning the educational material during the training of cadets in institutions of higher military education. Methods. The content analysis of the scientific literature was used, which describes the methods of improving the mastering of educational material; quantitative and qualitative methods of scientific literature research; systematic analysis of the practical problems of using methods to improve the mastering of the material; a systematic approach to the study of methods for improving the mastering of the material; the method of analogies and comparisons to determine the most effective methods for improving the mastering of the material and the method of expert evaluations. Results. Practical observation of cadets during testing showed that the choice of answer is often not based on knowledge of the material of the discipline, but on some other considerations. Moreover, the widespread introduction of testing formed in a significant part of cadets a persistent motivation to simply "pass" the discipline, which affects the level of their intellectual development and, ultimately, the level of their professional training This feature can be eliminated thanks to the use of innovative approaches to increase the level of the mastering of the educational material, namely the methods like mind maps, zettelkasten, reference notes, an example of the use of which is given in the work. Conclusions. At present, approaches to increasing the level of the mastering of educational material remain unpopular, i.e., such teaching methods that are aimed not only at the simplification and accessibility of teaching disciplines, but also at full feedback from students. It is the approaches to increase the level of the mastering of educational material, which are based on the so-called intellectual cards, mind maps, reference signals, etc., that should also have a place among the generally accepted methods of conducting classes.
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE POSITIVE IMAGE OF THE SOCIAL SUPPORT OFFICER
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bespalko Andrii
Published: August 2024

Background. Positive image is an important element of professional functioning, development and formation of an employee of a certain field of activity as an individual and a subject of professional activity, contributes to the optimization of professional and human qualities. The formation of a positive image is a long-term and complex process that is formed under the influence of numerous factors and consists of many components. It should be noted that only constructive interaction of fundamental components is the key to acquiring a positive professional image. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical provisions of image formation, the definition of external and internal components, which are integral components of the structure of a positive image of a social support officer. M e t h o d s. The following methods were used in the research process: analysis, generalization, comparison, systematization of scientific sources on the problem of research – formation of a positive image. Results. The essence and content of the concepts of "image" and "positive image" were determined, and the main structural components were singled out. It was established that the positive professional image of a social support officer includes the following measurements: internal attitudes, the level of motivation and personal readiness of representatives of the sphere of social services provision; the idea formed in the mass consciousness about the necessity and social importance of social work as a type of professional activity and the personal characteristics of the representatives of the system of social support for the personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; level of professional competence, professional system of values and norms of behavior, professional culture of representatives of the system of providing social services. Conclusions. During the formation of a positive image of the social support officer, one should rely on the quality of social services provided; presence of positive personal qualities and professional competence of social service providers. Concentration on one of the components of the image will not give a positive result. Only complex and systematic work will contribute to the formation and formation of a positive image of both the individual social support officer and the social work system in the Armed Forces of Ukraine in general.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF GNSS-OBSERVATION NETWORKS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Korenets Oleksandr , Lukiianchuk Anatolii ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: August 2024

Background . The purpose of the study is to carry out a scientific analysis of the current state of development of GNSS observation networks. Through the well-founded use of various methods of analysis, the work highlights key aspects of the functioning of these networks, current development trends and identifies possible prospects for their further use, including for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Methods . The main methods of our research are the analysis of literature and technical documents of GNSS observation networks. A systematic review of scientific publications, legislative acts and other documents related to the development of GNSS networks was conducted. Results . A significant number of countries have developed their own multifunctional high-precision positioning systems. The creation of the European terrestrial reference system ETRS89, which is available around Europe, became one of the important stages in the development of national networks of reference stations. One of the effective catalysts for the introduction of high-precision positioning systems was the creation of a new structure – the European Positioning System EUPOS. This is a European public initiative aimed at creating a uniform infrastructure in Central and Eastern Europe based on the DGNSS differential method. This technical infrastructure consists of a network of reference GNSS stations and corresponding communication lines. The services of this infrastructure include coordinate support of various accuracy. Conclusions . For further improvement and development of GNSS observation networks, the following aspects should be taken into account: increasing accuracy, ensuring data security, expanding the scope of applications, ensuring reliability and stability of functioning. Regarding the use of GNSS observation networks for defense needs, it is possible to conclude on the expediency of using the services of the Ukrainian permanently operating (permanent) observation network of global navigation satellite systems for geospatial support of troops (forces).
Peningkatan Daya Saing Pelaku UMKM Melalui Pelatihan Digitalisasi Akuntansi
Authors: Effendi Bahtiar
Published: August 2024

Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) merupakan bentuk usaha yang menjadi penopang dalam kegiatan perekonomian suatu daerah dan menjadi barometer keberhasilan dan keberlanjutan tingkat perekonomian suatu daerah. Namun, tidak sedikit UMKM yang menutup kegiatan usaha mereka karena tidak dapat bertahan terhadap kondisi kesulitan keuangan yang dihadapi. Sebagian besar Pelaku UMKM menghadapi kondisi permasalahan yang sama yakni kurangnya pengetahuan yang memadai perihal akuntansi digital dalam mengelola kegiatan usahanya. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang dialami, alternatif solusi yang ditawarkan adalah melalui kegiatan pelatihan akuntansi digital bagi pelaku UMKM Desa Suradiata, Kabupaten Tangerang. Pelatihan yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk mempersiapkan para pelaku UMKM agar mampu bertahan menghadapi kondisi yang susah akibat kesulitan keuangan dalam kegiatan usahanya. Adapun metode pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan yakni meliputi: tahap persiapan yang terdiri dari observasi, wawancara dengan kepala desa, penyampaian materi, dan penyuluhan materi; tahap pelaksanaan terdiri dari pelaksanaan kegiatan seminar diawali dengan pendekatan dan pendampingan kepada pelaku usaha; tahap evaluasi evaluasi kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan. Dari hasil kegiatan pelatihan akuntansi digital yang telah dilakukan, para peserta kegiatan memiliki wawasan dan pandangan baru dan melek digitalisasi akuntansi dalam mengelola pembukuan kegiatan usaha dan memaksimalkan pendapatan yang diterima. Kata kunci— Digitalisasi Akuntansi, UMKM, Pelatihan, Peningkatan Kapasitas Abstract Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are a form of business that supports the economic activities of a region and is a barometer of the success and sustainability of a region's economic level. However, a number of MSMEs have stopped their operations because they cannot survive the financial difficulties they are facing. Most MSMEs players face the same problem, namely a lack of sufficient knowledge of digital accounting when managing their business activities. Based on the issues encountered, the alternative solution offered is digital accounting training activities for MSMEs in Suradiata Village, Tangerang Regency. The aim of this training is to prepare MSMEs stakeholders to overcome difficult conditions due to financial difficulties in their operations. Community service methods include: Preparatory phase, consisting of observation, interviews with village leaders, delivery of materials and advice on materials; The implementation phase consists of conducting seminar activities, starting with addressing and supporting economic actors. Evaluation phase Assessment of the activities carried out. Based on the results of the digital accounting training conducted, the participants of the activity have gained new insights and views and are familiar with the digitalization of accounting to manage the accounting of business activities and maximize the revenue generated. Keywords— Digitization of Accounting, MSMEs, Training, Capacity Improvement
The Imperial Surname and the New Basic Laws. Around and Inside the Meeting of the Grand Dukes on April 13, 1906
Authors: Kulikov Sergey
Published: August 2024

The main state laws of April 23, 1906 summed up the political reforms carried out by Emperor Nicholas II in 1904—1906 and became the first national constitution in force. However, the history of their preparation is still clearly insufficiently studied, since a number of important episodes of this story remain virtually unknown even to specialists. One of these episodes was a meeting of the Grand Dukes on April 13, 1906 to discuss the procedure for changing the Institution of the Imperial Family. The purpose of the meeting was to coordinate with the creation of the legislative representation of the people, which followed in accordance with the manifestos of October 17, 1905 and February 20, 1906, the two articles of the draft of the new Basic Laws concerning the Imperial Family, which was a key element of the political system of the absolute monarchy that existed in Russia before 1906. The constitutional reform determined the need to determine the status of the Imperial Family in the new political system of the constitutional monarchy, in the conditions of the separation of legislative power between the tsar, the State Duma and the State Council. The problem of the correlation of public and patrimonial elements, which have always been characteristic of the status of the Imperial Family, but which at different times correlated differently, was to be solved. The members of the Meeting were Grand Dukes Vladimir Alexandrovich (Chairman), Alexander Mikhailovich, Andrey Vladimirovich, Konstantin Konstantinovich and Nikolai Nikolaevich, as well as the Minister of the Imperial Court Baron V.B. Fredericks and the Secretary of State Baron Yu.A. Ikskul von Hildenbandt. The meeting designed two articles: 1) on the emperor's ownership of the right to dispose of personal, sovereign and specific property, and the latter were not recognized as private property of the Imperial House, and 2) on the change of the Institution of the Imperial Family by the emperor personally, but only when the proposed changes do not concern general laws and do not entail new government expenses. In the latter case, changes to the Institution could be made only with the participation of the State Duma and the State Council. Thus, the public, and not the patrimonial character of the Imperial family was finally consolidated, which testified to its adaptation to new political realities and the transformation of the Romanov monarchy into a modern state.
Cotton Trade at the Astrakhan Port in the First Half of the 19th Century
Authors: Imasheva Marina
Published: August 2024

In the structure of Russian-Asian trade, Astrakhan from the middle of the 19th century to the middle of the 19th century played an important role as practically the main trade gateway to the East. For centuries, Central Asian and Persian merchants brought “works” of their countries to the Astrakhan port. In the first place in the structure of import trade here were raw materials for the Russian textile industry — silk and “Bukhara” and Persian cotton. Based on the analysis of the available data from the office of the Astrakhan Governor and the customs authorities, we were able to analyze the volume of trade in cotton (raw and spun paper) at the Astrakhan port in the first half of the 19th century, prices for these types of goods. It is also relevant to identify the reasons for the significant reduction in cotton imports through Astrakhan at the end of the specified period.
Personality vs Society: Instructions and Awards for Ajax and Odysseus
Authors: Pichugina Victoria
Published: August 2024

The paper examines the poetic tradition of presenting the dispute between Ajax and Odysseus over Achilles’ armor, reflecting the complexity of the balance between personal claims and socially significant recognition. In the “Little Iliad”, according to the retelling of Patriarch Photius and Pseudo-Apollodorus, and also, probably, in the tragedies “Award of the Arms” of Aeschylus and “Telephus” of Euripides, the dispute could be considered as the opposition of words and deeds. The same opposition is present in Sophocles’ tragedy “Ajax”, as well as in the poems of Ovid’s poems “Metamorphoses” and Quintus of Smyrna “Posthomerica”. Each of the authors considered presenting an original poetic explanation of the causes and consequences of the quarrel between Odysseus and Ajax, focusing on who was instructed in what and who was rewarded for what.
Pelopidas as a Negotiator in the Context of Diplomacy of the Theban Polis
Authors: Mozhajsky Andrej
Published: August 2024

The paper examines the negotiating activities of the Theban statesman and commander Pelopidas. Much of this activity was concentrated within the diplomatic contacts of the Theban polis. It was Pelopidas who was responsible for the negotiation process in the northern direction (in Thessaly and Macedonia), as well as for negotiations with the Persians. An analysis of narrative sources shows that Pelopidas’ greatest fame as a negotiator was brought by his embassy to Susa to the court of the Persian king Artaxerxes in 367 BC. The success of Pelopidas with the Persian king was facilitated by his personal qualities, as well as the rhetorical and semantic features of the speech of the Theban ambassador. The negotiations took place face to face, and for Artaxerxes the words of Pelopidas turned out to be more meaningful than the Attic ones, but at the same time more laconic than the Spartan ones, which characterizes the individual oratorical style of Pelopidas. Likewise, the semantic load of Pelopidas’s speech was chosen taking into account historical and foreign policy realities. Narrative sources show that from a young age Pelopidas had the ability to inspire, convince and teach other people. Already before the coup in Thebes of 378 BC. Pelopidas made speeches calling for the liberation of Thebes from the Spartans, which inspired his comrades, and during the coup itself he was probably responsible for negotiations with the Spartan garrison of Kadmeia. Literary tradition credits Pelopidas with drawing up a proposal to the Spartan Sphodrias that he should seize the Athenian Piraeus. According to this version, the words of Pelopidas seduced Sphodrias more than money. Pelopidas also spoke in Thebes against the skilled orator Meneclides and won the trial. As for Pelopidas’ northern diplomacy, trying to bring Thessaly and Macedonia under Theban control, he managed to achieve a lot.
Objective and Subjective Difficulties in Implementation Lend-Lease Programs Towards the Soviet Union
Authors: Khruleva Irina
Published: August 2024

Many questions regarding the implementation of the Lend-Lease program for the Soviet Union still, decades after the end of World War II, remain hotly debated. Without in any way detracting from the importance of American supplies under Lend-Lease for the Soviet Union, it should be noted that judging solely from the point of view of the quantitative and qualitative contribution of the allies in the fight against Nazi Germany — without taking into account the objective and subjective difficulties in implementing this program, without reference to a specific military and political context — do little to explain the reasons for the immediate post-war cooling in relations between the former allies of the anti-Hitler coalition. The personal position of F. D. Roosevelt, who constantly controlled supplies to the USSR under Lend-Lease, was of fundamental importance for the development of the program of assistance to the Soviet Union, but the openly selfish position of the American military prevented the establishment of interaction both in the first months of the war and subsequently. The main objective difficulty in implementing the Lend-Lease program was the organization of cargo delivery. There was an urgent need to modernize the infrastructure of both American and Soviet ports. The cargo received from the allies had to be delivered to the front — a considerable additional burden fell on the Soviet railways, which were already working at the limit of their capabilities. Supplies were repeatedly interrupted for military and political reasons. The schedule, nomenclature and timing of deliveries to the USSR under Lend-Lease were often disrupted; delays in the implementation of the Moscow Protocol were especially noticeable. Concerns of Western politicians, diplomats and military personnel regarding the possible uncontrolled strengthening of the Soviet Union due to the military successes of the Red Army also slowed down the implementation of the Lend-Lease program for the USSR. However, the history of Lend-Lease clearly shows that the fight against Nazism united a variety of countries and peoples who had completely different socio-political systems, mentality, traditions, and historical experience. Lend-Lease became an effective tool for mutual assistance among the allies. Despite all the difficulties in implementing the Lend-Lease program for the Soviet Union, the value, scale, and variety of military-economic assistance from the allies in the anti-Hitler coalition are obvious.
Reflection of Conflicts in French and Russian Proverbs and Sayings of the 15th — 17th Centuries
Authors: Kouzmina Margarita
Published: August 2024

The article makes an attempt to analyze, based on proverbs and sayings of France and Russia of the 15th—17th centuries, how and to what extent they reflected the theme of conflicts and conflict situations that were important for people of a certain historical period. For analysis the theme of sins and human sinfulness — one of the fundamental themes of Christian ethical teaching — was chosen. Sin is a conflict of a Christian with himself and with society. Proverbs and sayings are a specific historical source; they are part of the cultural heritage, a visualized part of the mentality of the people. Proverbs can circulate for centuries, because they express folk wisdom and serve as a means of communication. Those proverbs and sayings that no longer correspond to reality may either disappear at all or change their semantic content while maintaining their form.
Completion of the Great Powers’ Struggle for Oregon in the Middle 40s of the 19th Century
Authors: Petrov Alexander
Published: August 2024

The article examines the circumstances surrounding the final struggle for Oregon in the 40s of the 19th century. The relevance of the issues raised is due to the growing interest in the context of problems of colonization in general and the Asia-Pacific region in particular. In Russian and foreign historiography, insufficient attention was paid to this problem. The authors of the article were faced with the task of studying the balance of power in the Northwest of America, and considering aspects of struggle between England and the United States for the possession of new territories. The British, who were actively involved in the issues of retaining the coast of America between 30° and 60° North latitude, referred to the discoveries and voyages of J. Cook and G. Vancouver. By this time, the French, largely occupied with events in Europe and encroachment into islands of South Pacific, had actually distanced themselves from the struggle for Oregon. The same can be said about Spain, which even in the 40s of the 19th century, confident that the territories belonged to it by the right of discovery, had even more limited resources compared to the beginning of the 19th century. Russia, during this period, pursued an extremely cautious policy, in fact, because of position of Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs K. V. Nesselrode, it embarked on the path of a gradual loss of attention to its colonies. The United States became the main claimant for the Oregon territory in the 1840s. The article shows the reasons and circumstances of the growth of this interest, examines both domestic and foreign archival documents. The interdisciplinary methodology that was used to write the article is based on the achievements of modern scholarship. The article completes the series of articles by the authors devoted to the struggle for Oregon in the first half of the 19th century.
Uruguay and the Soviet Union in the 1920—1930s
Authors: Ivanov Nikolai
Published: August 2024

The author analyzes the relationship between the Soviet Union and Uruguay in the period of the 20—30s, one of the most difficult in the history of the two countries. The main subjects are the termination of diplomatic relations in 1917, the establishment of trade relations in the early 20s, the activities of trade societies ARCOS, AMTORG, Yuzhamtorg, the resumption of relations in 1926, the development of trade and economic relations, the world economic crisis and the spread of anti-communist hysteria in Latin America, the «oil issue» and its role in the preparation of the coup d'etat in Uruguay in 1933, the strengthening of the ties of the dictatorship of Terra with fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, fakes and provocations that became a pretext for breaking off relations in 1935. Unlike the authors who focus on the role of the Comintern and the goals of the development of the revolutionary movement, the author analyzes Uruguay in the system of international relations, taking into account the policies of the United States and Great Britain, which, in his opinion, played a major role in the sharp fluctuations in the foreign policy of Montevideo and the severance of Soviet-Uruguayan relations.
Philipp Heinrich Dilthey (1723—1781), First Professor at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University
Authors: Tomsinov Vladimir
Published: August 2024

The article is based on documentary material and is devoted to the life and scientific activities of the first professor at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University, Ph. H. Dilthey. The Moscow University establishment project, approved by Empress Elizabeth Petrovna on January 12, 1755, provided for a plan for teaching sciences for all three faculties, including faculty of law. But it is obvious that the practical implementation of this plan depended on the teachers who had to be found and recruited to work at Moscow University. An appeal to Dilthey's personality, to his life and scientific work allows us to understand how Moscow University was actually created, its law faculty was formed and the university system of teaching law in Russia operated in practice. Using Dilthey's example, the article shows that the freedoms granted to Moscow University by the Project for its establishment and which formed the basis of the university autonomy were actually respected, teachers had appropriate legal guarantees (for example, against arbitrary dismissal), as well as all the necessary material conditions for teaching and scientific activities. Moscow University really acted from the very beginning not only as an educational institution, but also as an enlightenment center, and Dilthey conducted active enlightenment work. Dilthey’s example shows that the program of teaching law prescribed by the Moscow University establishment project has been seriously adjusted in practice. Instead of three professors provided for by it, one Dilthey taught law. And already in the 60s of the XVIII century, Moscow University began to develop drafts of the university charter and new plans for teaching law. The article corrects a number of errors in the presentation of Ph. H. Dilthey’s biography, which were made by his biographers. For example, it is usually claimed that Dilthey defended his doctoral thesis at the University of Vienna (other authors call the University of Strasbourg the place of defense) and that he was a professor at the University of Vienna. In fact, Dilthey defended not a doctoral dissertation, but a dissertation for the highest academic degree in both rights (iuris utriusque pro suprema laurea), and not at the University of Vienna, but at the University of Innsbruck. He was awarded his doctorate not for the text of this paper (only 32 pages in length), but according to the results of a discussion about the theses put forward by Dilthey and according to the results of a special examination for a doctoral degree. Based on the consideration of many documents and facts of teaching and scientific activities of the foreign teacher, the author of the article comes to the conclusion that Ph. H. Dilthey fully corresponded to the nature and mission of Moscow University.
Individualization of Legal Objects by the Example of Goods: A Historical Digression
Authors: Sherbak Natalia
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the legal mechanisms of individualization of goods, which make it possible to specify the standards for granting protection to trademarks as means of individualization of goods (services), mainly in the historical aspect. The goods sold in civil circulation are generally homogeneous, due to the similarity of the urgent needs existing in society. Therefore, manufacturers (sellers) want to stand out from competitors by individualizing their products (services) in order to attract visitors, consumers and be remembered by them, thereby creating competitive advantages for themselves and for their business.
Paired Burials of Status Men and Women in the Necropolises of the “New Urban-Centres” of Rus’ People of the East European Plain of the 10th Century: Gender and Sociological Aspects
Authors: Fetisov Alexander
Published: August 2024

The paper discusses the phenomenon of the so-called “paired burials” of men and women from burial grounds that accompanied the largest centres of urbanization of the East European Plain of the 10th century, associated with the settlement of the Rus’ people. Until now, practically no gender-sociological interpretations of this kind of burials have been proposed in historiography. Based on an analysis of a wide sample of burials from necropolises of various settlement centres of the East European Plain of the 10th century and some later Old Russian illustrative examples, it is concluded that in the communities of “new cities”, including groups of the Rus’ people, these were burials of completely equal men and women, most likely spouses (sexual partners) or relatives. The attribution of family burials shows that in these urban societies of the 10th century ideas of posthumous reunion of people connected by close and intimate relationships were widespread. It does not seem justified to associate the spread of these ideas only with the Christianization of the Rus’ people. In general, the elites of all these communities, including the Rus’ people, were distinguished by a high degree of equality of men and women; no clear signs of gender discrimination were found. The dominant hypothesis in historiography that the paired burials were burials of men and their forcibly killed slaves (concubines) is not confirmed by the analysis. The study was carried out within the framework of the project of the “International Center of Anthropology” of the ShIN FGN National Research University “Higher School of Economics” “Interaction of homoarchical and heterarchical cultures in various historical contexts”.