bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the barriers to NET-ZERO transport for rural roads: a Northern Ireland case study
Authors: Lydon Myra , Lydon Darragh , Stevens Nicola-Ann , Taylor Su , Early Juliana , Marshall Adele
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Climate-related disasters have cost the world over £450 billion over the last 3 years. In the race to mitigate these effects, the UK government has committed to net-zero emissions by 2050. Transport provides the largest single sector contribution to CO2 emissions, the road network accounts for up to 91%. As the only UK country without a formal climate change bill Northern Ireland could compromise the overall effort.

Case description

In this research a survey of road asset owners, managers, academics, consultants, public transport providers was undertaken to seek to understand the current barriers to adapting a dispersed rural road network in Northern Ireland for net-zero transport. The survey data was collected though an online form with a combination of multiple choice and open ended questions. Thematic analysis was used to code and analyse the data collected which enabled a discussion around the key expert opinions gathered.

Discussion and evaluation

The paper presents details of the current road network in Northern Ireland and highlights some of the issues faced by asset owners. The survey questions were developed though engagement with transport professionals in Northern Ireland and focus predominantly on road use rather than the impact of current land management practices or environmental conditions such as flood risk. The response highlights a clear enthusiasm for change in the operation of the public road network which is hindered by a lack of government strategy and limited public consultation.

Conclusions

The high response rate (41%) for the survey highlights the interest of those in the transport sector to engage in activities which can support a better understanding of how road networks contribute to CO2 emissions. Within the survey data a requirement for behavioural change was highlighted as a key step to reduce transport related emissions, the enthusiasm for change demonstrates this is the optimum time to engage with the public and develop clear transport strategies. More accurate findings and empirical evidence could have been established had the study considered specific, transport planning, environmental and land use conditions for Northern Ireland. This will be the focus of further research in this area to enable clear translation of the research to other countries.
The color of magnetic monopole noise
Authors: Nisoli Cristiano
Published: September 2021

We relate the anomaly in the noise color of spin ice to the emergent nature of its magnetic monopoles and their non-trivial random walk. Monopoles are quasi-particles, and the spin vacuum in which they wander is not structureless. Rather, the underlying spin ensemble filters the thermal white noise, leading to non-trivial coevolution. Thus, monopoles can be considered as “dressed” random walkers, activated by a non-trivial stochastic force that subsumes mutual interactions and the coevolution of their spin vacuum. From this, we suggest that recent experimental results are interpretable in terms of monopole subdiffusion. We then conjecture relations between the color of the noise and other observables, such as relaxation time, monopole density, the dynamic exponent, and the order of the annihilation reaction, which suggests to us the introduction of spin-ice–specific critical exponents in a neighborhood of the ice manifold criticality.
Estimating the number of undetected COVID-19 cases among travellers from mainland China
Authors: Bhatia Sangeeta , Imai Natsuko , Cuomo-Dannenburg Gina , Baguelin Marc , Boonyasiri Adhiratha , Cori Anne , Cucunubá Zulma , Dorigatti Ilaria , FitzJohn Rich , Fu Han , Gaythorpe Katy , Ghani Azra , Hamlet Arran , Hinsley Wes , Laydon Daniel , Nedjati-Gilani Gemma , Okell Lucy , Riley Steven , Thompson Hayley , van Elsland Sabine , Volz Erik , Wang Haowei , Wang Yuanrong , Whittaker Charles , Xi Xiaoyue , Donnelly Christl A. , Ferguson Neil M.
Published: September 2021

Background: As of August 2021, every region of the world has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with more than 196,000,000 cases worldwide.

Methods: We analysed COVID-19 cases among travellers from mainland China to different regions and countries, comparing the region- and country-specific rates of detected and confirmed cases per flight volume to estimate the relative sensitivity of surveillance in different regions and countries.

Results: Although travel restrictions from Wuhan City and other cities across China may have reduced the absolute number of travellers to and from China, we estimated that up to 70% (95% CI: 54% - 80%) of imported cases could remain undetected relative to the sensitivity of surveillance in Singapore. The percentage of undetected imported cases rises to 75% (95% CI 66% - 82%) when comparing to the surveillance sensitivity in multiple countries.

Conclusions: Our analysis shows that a large number of COVID-19 cases remain undetected across the world. These undetected cases potentially resulted in multiple chains of human-to-human transmission outside mainland China.
Means and Methods of Dosimetry of High-Energy Neutron Radiation on Proton Accelerators
Authors: Tsoviyanov Aleksandr , Komarov A. , Gantsovskii P. , Alexeev A. , Popchenko M. , Zhuravleva V. , Bogdanenko N.
Published: September 2021

The main common means and methods of neutron radiation dosimetry.

Consideration of various means and methods for detecting high-energy neutron radiation:

● Activation

● Tracking

● Bubble detectors

● TEPC

● Moderator + converter
The Development of Ecchymosis after Administration of Convalescent Serum in a Patient with COVID-19 Associated with Thrombocytosis
Authors: Khot Rajashree , Kumbhalkar Sunita , Juneja Richa , Joshi Prashant P
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 can have an unpredictable and severe course, leading to many hypotheses regarding its pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. Haematological manifestations are a significant predictor of disease severity. The most common observation is lymphopenia with an increased neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. Platelets have been implicated in thrombogenic events, but the most frequently reported abnormality is mild thrombocytopenia.
 Here we present an interesting case of a patient with moderate COVID-19 who presented with cutaneous ecchymoses and thrombocytosis, and discuss this paradox.
A construção identitária da Psicologia no Brasil: retratos da ditadura civil-militar brasileira
Authors: Rocha Renan Vieira de Santana
Published: September 2021

O nascimento e o desenvolvimento da Psicologia Brasileira estão diretamente correlacionados com a época da Ditadura Civil-Militar Brasileira. Nesse sentido, este artigo, estruturado sob o formato de um ensaio teórico-crítico, objetiva analisar como os elementos próprios da Ditadura Civil-Militar Brasileira refletiram e influenciaram na construção da Psicologia, de suas instituições representativas e de suas práticas profissionais e políticas na realidade do Brasil, partindo de uma breve retomada histórica dos componentes que propiciaram a instauração do regime e das diferentes formas como o poder foi exercido pelas Forças Armadas e pelas elites econômicas da época, ressaltando também as características confluentes de todos os campos de análise apresentados. Para tanto, o texto se estrutura em três eixos centrais: (1) Histórico da Ditadura Civil-Militar Brasileira e alguns de seus Reflexos na Construção da Psicologia no Brasil; (2) Influências da Estrutura Ditatorial no Modus Operandi da Psicologia Brasileira; e (3) Arremates: Libertar as Práticas para Libertar os Sujeitos.
Lanna Spa Model for Health in Thailand
Authors:   Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Klunklin Areewan , Sansiriphun Nantaporn ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Viseskul Nongkran ,   Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Sawasdisingha Piyawan ,   Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Sripetchwandee Noppamas ,   Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Chaisang Saranya ,   Department of Research Administration, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand, Charoenpakdee Prachayaporn ,   Department of Research Administration, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
Published: September 2021

Abstract There has a growing trend of health spa services in Thailand over the past decade. However, little information is available about the effectiveness of a Lanna-styled spa for health. The propose of this qualitative study was to explore the Lanna Spa Model for health in Thailand. A qualitative method was used with six focus groups and in-depth, semi-structured interviews were held with a purposive selected staff who specialized in spa treatments in Northern Thailand between February and April 2017. Guided interviews focused on spa experiences, the main components of Lanna-style spa services, and suggestions for implementing the Lanna spa model for health. Data were analyzed using content analysis with the principles of trustworthiness. The health and wellness spa model consisted of four categories: 1) Identity of Lanna spa; 2) Lanna spa services (hydrotherapy, massage, and products); 3) Lanna culture; and 4) Lanna health wisdom. Lanna spa is beneficial for people as it can help promote their health and well-being. Training program and service delivery of Lanna-style spa for health should be integrated with Lanna culture and wisdom. Keywords: Lanna spa Model, Qualitative research, Thailand
Physicochemical Characterization, Phytochemical and HPTLC Fingerprinting Studies on Fruit of Couroupita Guianensis
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts and Science, Chennai 6000199, India/Department of Biochemistry, Soka Ikeda College of Arts and Science for Women, Chennai 600099, India, Sheba Lawrence Anna , Venkatraman Anuradha ,   Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Sathak College of Arts and Science, Chennai 6000199, India
Published: September 2021

Abstract Traditional knowledge and literature studies report that each part of a plant has tremendous medicinal values. Validation of these medicinal plants scientifically is an important criterion for the development of plant-based drugs. Couroupita guianensis (Family: Lecythidaceae) is a plant with immense medicinal properties. To authenticate its biological value, the present investigation aims to standardize the fruit of C. guianensis based on physicochemical characterization, phytochemical analysis both qualitatively and quantitatively, and high-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting studies. Fruit pulp of C. guianensis was obtained, processed and extracted with solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and hydroalcohol. Moisture content, total ash, water-soluble ash and acid-insoluble ash values were calculated. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the existence of several secondary metabolites in the extracts. In addition, interpreting peaks obtained from HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of potential bioactive phytoconstituents in all the extracts. The quantitative determination proclaimed that fruit pulp was found to be rich in phenolics and flavonoids followed by tannin and saponin. Further, primary metabolites were quantified and they were found to be abundant in the fruit pulp. Henceforth, the outcome of these results provides information for assessing the quality of the sample that could help in ensuring its therapeutic efficacy. Keywords: Couroupita guianensis, HPTLC, Physicochemical characterization, Phytochemical, Fingerprinting
Fructans, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity in Edible Roots and Thistles from Seven Medicinal Plants
Authors:   Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Petkova Nadezhda , Hambarlyiska Ivanka ,   Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Angelova Elena ,   Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Ivanov Ivan ,   Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Technological Faculty, University of Food Technologies 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Published: September 2021

Abstract The research purposed to evaluate the bioactive compounds and antioxidant content in water and 50 % ethanol extracts from different vegetal parts of seven herbs (black bryony, dandelion, leuzea, asparagus, St. Benedict's thistle, cotton thistle, and sarsaparilla). Sugars and total fructans (inulin ad fructooligosacchrides (FOS) were analysed by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. The total phenols, total flavonoids and derivatives of caffeic acid were also determined. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP methods. Inulin and FOS were detected only in three plants (leuzea, dandelion and the cotton thistle). Dandelion roots were evaluated as the richest source of total fructans (18 g/100 g dw). The highest phenolic content was found in sarsaparilla roots 50 % ethanol extracts (21 mg GAE/g dw). Leuzea roots were evaluated as a rich source of dihydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids. The high antioxidant activity demonstrated sarsaparilla water extracts, followed by water and 95 % ethanol of leuzea roots and cotton thistle flowеring heads (20-98 mM TE/g dw). The study demonstrated the use of some medicinal plants (especially leuzea, sarsaparilla and cotton thistle) as sources of antioxidants and inulin-type fructans in food and beverages. Keywords: Antioxidant Activity, Fructan, Medicinal Plants, Polyphenols
The Association between the Mapping Distribution of Melioidosis Incidences and Meteorological Factors in an Endemic Area: Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand (2009–2018)
Authors:   College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, 34190, Wongbutdee Jaruwan , Saengnill Wacharapong ,   College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, 34190, Jittimanee Jutharat ,   College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, 34190, Panomket Pawana ,   College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, 34190, Saenwang Phairo ,   College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Warin Chamrap District, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand, 34190
Published: September 2021

Abstract Melioidosis is a public health problem in the tropical regions, occurring to meteorological variability. For 10 years of melioidosis outbreaks, we create probability maps of melioidosis distribution during 2009–2018 and determine the association with meteorological factors. The monthly average rainfall and incidence of melioidosis were high from July to September but they not significantly associated (P = 0.576). However, the monthly maximum and minimum temperature were significantly associated with melioidosis incidence (P = 0.002 and P = 0.029, respectively). We estimated the spatial distribution of rainfall and maximum and minimum temperature using the Co-Kriging interpolation method which found that the spatial distribution of the melioidosis incidence was significantly associated with rainfall in 2009, 2010, and 2015; with the maximum temperature in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2015; and with the minimum temperature in 2010, 2011, and 2015. Our finding approach may support information and classify a pattern for melioidosis distribution. Keywords: Incidence, Melioidosis, Meteorological factors
Analysis of Land Surface Temperature (LST) in Bur Ni Geureudong Geothermal Field, Aceh, Indonesia Using Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS Images
Authors:   Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia, Putri Deviyani R. , Ismail Nazli ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia, Idroes Rinaldi ,   Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia,   Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia, Rizal Syamsul ,   Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia,   Marine Sciences Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia, Nur Syahrun ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia, Nanda Muhammad ,   Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

Abstract Bur Ni Geureudong is one of geothermal areas that potentially to be developed for geothermal power plant in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Prior to the development, detail investigation based on geological, geophysical and geochemical methods are needed for estimating its potential. However, this site is located in a mountainous area with dense forests that are difficult to reach and research of geothermal exploration in site is still very poor considering its promising potential. So that the use of remote sensing method is very suitable to be done to investigate geothermal potential in these remote areas. For reconnaissance survey, Land Surface Temperature (LST) mapping using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS (Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor) image data was conducted to investigate the geothermal potential in the area. Radiometric correction, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) mapping and emissivity calculations were performed to obtain the LST map. Results show temperatures in the area ranged 17⁰C to 40⁰C, the area with high surface temperatures are caused by geothermal activities. NDVI map also shows an agreement with the high surface temperature region and they are mostly indicated by occurrence of vegetation stress. Keywords: Bur Ni Geureudong geothermal field, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS., land surface temperature, Thermal remote sensing
High-Fat Diet Decreases Serum TNF-Alpha and Breast Tumor Area on Benzopyrene Induced Mice (Mus Musculus)
Authors:   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Rejeki Purwo Sri ,   Sport Health Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia,   Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Utami Dita Mega ,   Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Izzatunnisa Nabilah ,   Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Pranoto Adi ,   Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Sukarno Devitya Angielevi ,   Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, Fasitasari Minidian ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

Abstract This study aims to analyze whether the high-fat diet decreases serum TNF-α and breast tumor area on benzopyrene induced mice (Mus musculus). This study was a true experimental with the randomized posttest-only control group design using 36 female mice (Mus musculus), 3-4 months age, 25 ± 5 grams. Mice were induced with benzopyrene (BZP) subcutaneously with a dose of 0.3mg/20gBB/day for 14 days in the right breast area, then randomly divided into 6 groups, K1 (negative control group, given standard feed), K2 (positive control group, standard feed), K3 (high-fat diet with a ratio of 60% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 10% fiber), K4 (high-fat diet with a ratio of 45% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 45% fat, 10% fiber), K5 (high-fat diet with a ratio of 30% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 60% fat, 10% fiber) and K6 (high-fat diet on day 15 with a ratio of 15% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 75% fat, 10% fiber). The high-fat diet was administered for 28 days. The mean of tumor area delta at K1 (0.00 ± 0.00) mm2, K2 (3.52 ± 1.98) mm2, K3 (27.18 ± 21.23) mm2, K4 (13.19 ± 9.93) mm2, K5 (8.80 ± 1.72) mm2, K6 (10.81 ± 6.55) mm2, and (p=0.001). The mean of TNF-α levels at K1 (56.32 ± 8.25) ng/mL, K2 (65.99 ± 2.82) ng/mL, K3 (70.43 ± 4.61) ng/mL, K4 (58.05 ± 5.80) ng/mL, K5 (54.91 ± 3.27) ng/mL, K6 (59.67 ± 3.63) ng/mL and (P = 0.000). A high-fat diet lowers TNF-α levels and reduces the area of BZP-induced breast tumors. The lowest TNF-α levels and the lowest breast tumor area were found in groups with a fat: protein ratio = 60:30. Keywords: Benzopyrene induced, Breast tumor area, High-fat diet, Tumor necrosis factor-α
Effect of the Sharrard procedure on hip instability in children with down syndrome: A retrospective study
Authors: Mulder Frederike E.C.M. , Bok Levinus A. , van Douveren Florens Q.M.P. , Pruijs Hans E.H. , Zeegers Adelgunde V.C.M.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the effect of the Sharrard procedure on hip instability in children with Down syndrome (DS), as measured by the migration index.

Methods

In total, 17 children (21 hips) were included from six hospitals in the Netherlands between 2003 and 2019. The primary outcome, hip instability, was assessed with the Reimers’ migration index on preoperative and postoperative plain anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. The mean age at surgery was 8.1 years, the majority of children were male (64.7%) and the mean follow-up time was 7.3 years.

Results

The mean preoperative migration index was 46% (sd 23.5) and the mean postoperative migration index was 37% (sd 28.4). The mean Delta migration index (the difference in pre-operative migration index and most recent post-operative migration index) showed an improvement of 9.3% (sd 22.7). An improvement in migration index was observed in 52%, no change in 29% and deterioration in 19% of hips. No (re)dislocations occurred in 91% of the hips. No major complications were observed during the follow-up period.

Conclusion

Early intervention is warranted in children with DS showing hip instability or hip migration, in order to succeed with less complex procedures. The Sharrard procedure should be considered in children with DS showing hip instability or hip migration, since it aims to rebalance the muscles of the hip joint, is less complex than bony procedures of the femur and acetabulum, surgery time is often shorter, there are fewer major complications and the rehabilitation period is shorter.

Level of Evidence

IV - retrospective case series
Perceptions of Discrimination of Muslim Women in Belgium: A Study of Discriminatory Incidents Across Public and Private Organizations Reported to the National Equality Body
Authors: Van de Graaf Cathérine
Published: September 2021

In Belgium, Muslims have been affected by an increasingly hostile climate in which Islamophobia prospers. The need for further research into the gendered dynamics of Islamophobia in a Belgian context has been flagged, as the majority of complaints are made by women. In this contribution, the focus lies on to the narratives of the women who encounter this in their daily lives. Twenty-two Muslim women who decided to report their discriminatory experience to the national equality body were interviewed. Based on their lived experiences, this qualitative study aims to provide an in-depth description of the way in which Muslim women encounter discrimination in order to establish which “treatment, circumstances and behavior are perceived as discriminatory.”
Broadband high-temperature thermal emitter/absorber designed by the adjoint method
Authors: Kecebas Muhammed Ali , Sendur Kursat
Published: September 2021

Broadband thermal emitters/absorbers are of great interest for thermal management in high-temperature applications including thermophotovoltaics and hypersonics due to the dominance of radiative heat transfer. Several studies have been reported, which benefit from the effectiveness of photonic structures on wave coupling tuned by parametric sweeps and intuition. However, the higher emission/absorption potential of structures with nonintuitive geometries due to increased number of available design parameters has not been explored. To address this need, we have studied gradient-based topology optimization for the design of high-temperature thermal emitters/absorbers. By utilizing the adjoint method, which allows gradient calculation only with two simulations, more complex geometries that exhibit higher emission/absorption in the broadband spectrum are designed.

Z
r
B

2

is chosen as the coating material, which belongs to the family of ultrahigh-temperature ceramics (UHTC), due to its very good thermomechanical properties. Emission/absorption rates reaching up to 85% levels in the broadband spectrum are achieved, which is around 40% levels in film form. Electromagnetic phenomena that give rise to elevated emission/absorption are also analyzed. Our findings demonstrate the potential of effectiveness of adjoint-based topology optimization in the broadband spectrum and high emission of

Z
r
B

2

when patterned, which, to the best of our knowledge, was not previously explored.
Spatiospectral characterization of ultrafast pulse-beams by multiplexed broadband ptychography
Authors: Goldberger David , Schmidt David , Barolak Jonathan , Ivanic Bojana , Durfee Charles G. , Adams Daniel E.
Published: September 2021

Ultrafast pulse-beam characterization is critical for diverse scientific and industrial applications from micromachining to generating the highest intensity laser pulses. The four-dimensional structure of a pulse-beam,

E
~

(
x
,
y
,
z
,
ω
)

, can be fully characterized by coupling spatiospectral metrology with spectral phase measurement. When temporal pulse dynamics are not of primary interest, spatiospectral characterization of a pulse-beam provides crucial information even without spectral phase. Here we demonstrate spatiospectral characterization of pulse-beams via multiplexed broadband ptychography. The complex spatial profiles of multiple spectral components,

E
~

(
x
,
y
,
ω
)

, from modelocked Ti:sapphire and from extreme ultra-violet pulse-beams are reconstructed with minimum intervening optics and no refocusing. Critically, our technique does not require spectral filters, interferometers, or reference pulses.
Monolithic integration of multicolor InGaN LEDs with uniform luminescence emission
Authors: Liu Xianhe , Sun Yi , Malhotra Yakshita , Wu Yuanpeng , Mi Zetian
Published: September 2021

We report the demonstration of monolithic integration of multicolor LEDs with highly spatially uniform emission wavelength. LEDs with colors ranging from green to orange are realized in a single selective area epitaxy process, and pronounced emission peak with very narrow spectral linewidth from photonic crystal effect is also achieved simultaneously. The In contents and emission colors are tuned by precisely controlling the nanowire emitter diameter and spacing. The emission wavelengths exhibit small variations of only a few nanometers among countless individual nanowire emitters over a sub-mm2 area region.
Light scattering at a temporal boundary in a Lorentz medium
Authors: Bakunov M. I. , Shirokova A. V. , Kurnikov M. A. , Maslov A. V.
Published: September 2021

Temporal discontinuity in the permittivity of a nondispersive dielectric (temporal boundary) is a conventional model for considering electromagnetic phenomena in dynamic materials and metamaterials. Here we apply a more general model of a Lorentz medium with the rapidly changing density of its structural elements (oscillators) or their resonant frequency to determine the realms of applicability of the conventional temporal boundary model. We demonstrate the dependence of the continuity conditions and the energy relations at a temporal boundary on the nonstationarity mechanism and the ratio between the rate of nonstationarity and the characteristic frequencies in the system.
Deep learning enables confocal laser-scanning microscopy with enhanced resolution
Authors: Wang Weibo , Wu Biwei , Zhang Baoyuan , Ma Jie , Tan Jiubin
Published: September 2021

Theoretical resolution enhancement of confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) is sacrificed for the best compromise between optical sectioning and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The pixel reassignment reconstruction algorithm can improve the effective spatial resolution of CLSM to its theoretical limit. However, current implementations are not versatile and are time-consuming or technically complex. Here we present a parameter-free post-processing strategy for laser-scanning microscopy based on deep learning, which enables a spatial resolution enhancement by a factor of

∼

1.3

, compared to conventional CLSM. To speed up the training process for experimental data, transfer learning, combined with a hybrid dataset consisting of simulated synthetic and experimental images, is employed. The overall resolution and SNR improvement, validated by quantitative evaluation metrics, allowed us to correctly infer the fine structures of real experimental images.
A statistical model for describing and simulating microbial community profiles
Authors: Ma Siyuan , Ren Boyu , Mallick Himel , Moon Yo Sup , Schwager Emma , Maharjan Sagun , Tickle Timothy L. , Lu Yiren , Carmody Rachel N. , Franzosa Eric A. , Janson Lucas , Huttenhower Curtis
Published: September 2021

Many methods have been developed for statistical analysis of microbial community profiles, but due to the complex nature of typical microbiome measurements (e.g. sparsity, zero-inflation, non-independence, and compositionality) and of the associated underlying biology, it is difficult to compare or evaluate such methods within a single systematic framework. To address this challenge, we developed SparseDOSSA (Sparse Data Observations for the Simulation of Synthetic Abundances): a statistical model of microbial ecological population structure, which can be used to parameterize real-world microbial community profiles and to simulate new, realistic profiles of known structure for methods evaluation. Specifically, SparseDOSSA’s model captures marginal microbial feature abundances as a zero-inflated log-normal distribution, with additional model components for absolute cell counts and the sequence read generation process, microbe-microbe, and microbe-environment interactions. Together, these allow fully known covariance structure between synthetic features (i.e. “taxa”) or between features and “phenotypes” to be simulated for method benchmarking. Here, we demonstrate SparseDOSSA’s performance for 1) accurately modeling human-associated microbial population profiles; 2) generating synthetic communities with controlled population and ecological structures; 3) spiking-in true positive synthetic associations to benchmark analysis methods; and 4) recapitulating an end-to-end mouse microbiome feeding experiment. Together, these represent the most common analysis types in assessment of real microbial community environmental and epidemiological statistics, thus demonstrating SparseDOSSA’s utility as a general-purpose aid for modeling communities and evaluating quantitative methods. An open-source implementation is available athttp://huttenhower.sph.harvard.edu/sparsedossa2.
Characterization of the NiRAN domain from RNA-dependent RNA polymerase provides insights into a potential therapeutic target against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Dwivedy Abhisek , Mariadasse Richard , Ahmad Mohammed , Chakraborty Sayan , Kar Deepsikha , Tiwari Satish , Bhattacharyya Sankar , Sonar Sudipta , Mani Shailendra , Tailor Prafullakumar , Majumdar Tanmay , Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman , Biswal Bichitra Kumar
Published: September 2021

Apart from the canonical fingers, palm and thumb domains, the RNA dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) from the viral orderNidoviralespossess two additional domains. Of these, the function of the Nidovirus RdRp associated nucleotidyl transferase domain (NiRAN) remains unanswered. The elucidation of the 3D structure of RdRp from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), provided the first ever insights into the domain organisation and possible functional characteristics of the NiRAN domain. Usingin silicotools, we predict that the NiRAN domain assumes a kinase or phosphotransferase like fold and binds nucleoside triphosphates at its proposed active site. Additionally, using molecular docking we have predicted the binding of three widely used kinase inhibitors and five well characterized anti-microbial compounds at the NiRAN domain active site along with their drug-likeliness. For the first time ever, using basic biochemical tools, this study shows the presence of a kinase like activity exhibited by the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Interestingly, a well-known kinase inhibitor- Sorafenib showed a significant inhibition and dampened viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. In line with the current global COVID-19 pandemic urgency and the emergence of newer strains with significantly higher infectivity, this study provides a new anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug target and potential lead compounds for drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2.
Rift Valley fever virus 78kDa envelope protein attenuates virus replication in macrophage-derived cell lines and viral virulence in mice
Authors: Terasaki Kaori , Kalveram Birte , Johnson Kendra N. , Juelich Terry , Smith Jennifer K. , Zhang Lihong , Freiberg Alexander N. , Makino Shinji
Published: September 2021

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne bunyavirus with a wide host range including ruminants and humans. RVFV outbreaks have had devastating effects on public health and the livestock industry in African countries. However, there is no approved RVFV vaccine for human use in non-endemic countries and no FDA-approved antiviral drug for RVFV treatment. The RVFV 78kDa protein (P78), which is a membrane glycoprotein, plays a role in virus dissemination in the mosquito host, but its biological role in mammalian hosts remains unknown. We generated an attenuated RVFV MP-12 strain-derived P78-High virus and a virulent ZH501 strain-derived ZH501-P78-High virus, both of which expressed a higher level of P78 and carried higher levels of P78 in the virion compared to their parental viruses. We also generated another MP-12-derived mutant virus (P78-KO virus) that does not express P78. MP-12 and P78-KO virus replicated to similar levels in fibroblast cell lines and Huh7 cells, while P78-High virus replicated better than MP-12 in Vero E6 cells, fibroblast cell lines, and Huh7 cells. Notably, P78-High virus and P78-KO virus replicated less efficiently and more efficiently, respectively, than MP-12 in macrophage cell lines. ZH501-P78-High virus also replicated poorly in macrophage cell lines. Our data further suggest that inefficient binding of P78-High virus to the cells led to inefficient virus internalization, low virus infectivity and reduced virus replication in a macrophage cell line. P78-High virus and P78-KO virus showed lower and higher virulence than MP-12, respectively, in young mice. ZH501-P78-High virus also exhibited lower virulence than ZH501 in mice. These data suggest that high levels of P78 expression attenuate RVFV virulence by preventing efficient virus replication in macrophages. Genetic alteration leading to increased P78 expression may serve as a novel strategy for the attenuation of RVFV virulence and generation of safe RVFV vaccines.
Contrasting impacts of environmental variability on the breeding biology of two sympatric small procellariiform seabirds in south-eastern Australia
Authors: Eizenberg Yonina H. , Fromant Aymeric , Lec’hvien Arnaud , Arnould John P. Y.
Published: September 2021

Seabirds play a vital role in marine ecosystems and the long-term study of their responses to environmental variations can be used to monitor the effects of climate change on marine fauna. However, slight differences in similar seabird species result in a range of responses which complicates our understanding of the effects of environmental changes to marine ecosystems. The present study investigated inter-annual differences in the breeding biology (breeding phenology, chick growth rates and breeding success) and environmental conditions (seasonal sea surface temperatures) of important foraging areas in two sympatric small Procellariiform species, the fairy prion (Pachyptila turtur) and the common diving petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), over four reproductive seasons (2017–2020) in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia. Marine heatwaves occurred during the years of 2018/19 and 2019/20 and coincided with years of delayed laying dates, slower chick growth and reduced breeding success, in both species. While fairy prions maintained a relatively high breeding success and broadly constant breeding phenology, common diving petrels delayed the start of the breeding season by up to 50 days and experienced dramatic collapses in breeding success in years of high marine heat wave occurrence. The difference in foraging ecology and physiological capacity (largely in the production of stomach oils and fasting abilities of adults and chicks) between both species are likely to influence the variability and phenology in the observed breeding seasons.
Cancer-associated IDH mutations induce Glut1 expression and glucose metabolic disorders through a PI3K/Akt/mTORC1-Hif1α axis
Authors: Liu Xun , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Takane Kiyoko , Zhu Chi , Hirata Makoto , Hikiba Yoko , Maeda Shin , Furukawa Yoichi , Ikenoue Tsuneo
Published: September 2021

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) mutations and their key effector 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) have been reported to promote oncogenesis in various human cancers. To elucidate molecular mechanism(s) associated withIDH1/2mutations, we established mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cells and human colorectal cancer cells stably expressing cancer-associated IDH1R132Cor IDH2R172S, and analyzed the change in metabolic characteristics of the these cells. We found that IDH1/2 mutants induced intracellular 2-HG accumulation and inhibited cell proliferation. Expression profile analysis by RNA-seq unveiled that glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) was induced by the IDH1/2 mutants or treatment with 2-HG in the MEF cells. Consistently, glucose uptake and lactate production were increased by the mutants, suggesting the deregulation of glucose metabolism. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and Hif1α expression were involved in the up-regulation of Glut1. Together, these results suggest that Glut1 is a potential target regulated by cancer-associatedIDH1/2mutations.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy suppresses coronary adventitial inflammatory changes and hyperconstricting responses after coronary stent implantation in pigs in vivo
Authors: Watanabe Tasuku , Matsumoto Yasuharu , Nishimiya Kensuke , Shindo Tomohiko , Amamizu Hirokazu , Sugisawa Jun , Tsuchiya Satoshi , Sato Koichi , Morosawa Susumu , Ohyama Kazuma , Watanabe-Asaka Tomomi , Hayashi Moyuru , Kawai Yoshiko , Takahashi Jun , Yasuda Satoshi , Shimokawa Hiroaki
Published: September 2021

Backgrounds

We demonstrated that coronary adventitial inflammation plays important roles in the pathogenesis of drug-eluting stent (DES)-induced coronary hyperconstricting responses in pigs in vivo. However, no therapy is yet available to treat coronary adventitial inflammation. We thus developed the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy that ameliorates myocardial ischemia by enhancing angiogenesis.

Aims

We aimed to examine whether our LIPUS therapy suppresses DES-induced coronary hyperconstricting responses in pigs in vivo, and if so, what mechanisms are involved.

Methods

Sixteen normal male pigs were randomly assigned to the LIPUS or the sham therapy groups after DES implantation into the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. In the LIPUS group, LIPUS (32 cycles, 193 mW/cm2) was applied to the heart at 3 different levels (segments proximal and distal to the stent edges and middle of the stent) for 20 min at each level for every other day for 2 weeks. The sham therapy group was treated in the same manner but without LIPUS. At 4 weeks after stent implantation, we performed coronary angiography, followed by immunohistological analysis.

Results

Coronary vasoconstricting responses to serotonin in LAD at DES edges were significantly suppressed in the LIPUS group compared with the sham group. Furthermore, lymph transport speed in vivo was significantly faster in the LIPUS group than in the sham group. Histological analysis at DES edges showed that inflammatory changes and Rho-kinase activity were significantly suppressed in the LIPUS group, associated with eNOS up-regulation and enhanced lymph-angiogenesis.

Conclusions

These results suggest that our non-invasive LIPUS therapy is useful to treat coronary functional abnormalities caused by coronary adventitial inflammation, indicating its potential for the novel and safe therapeutic approach of coronary artery disease.
Evaluation of knowledge, awareness and attitudes towards breast cancer risk factors and early detection among females in Bangladesh: A hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Alam Nur E. , Islam Md. Shariful , Ullah Hedayet , Molla Md. Tarek , Shifat Siratul Kubra , Akter Sumaiya , Aktar Salma , Khatun Mst. Mahmuda , Ali Md. Rayhan , Sen Tapon Chandra , Chowdhury Kamal , Pervin Rehana , Mohiuddin A. K. M.
Published: September 2021

Background

Breast cancer (BCa) is a leading cause of mortality among women in Bangladesh. Many young women in Bangladesh have poor knowledge about breast cancer screening, including risk factors, warning signs/symptoms, diagnosis and early detection. We investigated awareness about breast cancer risk factors as a screening tool among women at the Sheikh Hasina Medical College (SHMC) of Tangail district in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross sectional survey was conducted to collect data via a structured questionnaire from SHMC during the period of February to December 2019. A total of 1,007 participants (aged 33.47 (±12.37 years)) was considered for data analysis.

Results

Of the 1,007 women, about 50% were knowledgeable about the risk factors. Pain in the breast was identified as the most commonly warning sign/symptom of breast cancer. Only 32.2% of respondents knew at least one breast cancer screening method. The mean knowledge was scored 3.43 ± 2.25 out of a total possible score of 8. Awareness of BCa was associated with residence, family history of breast cancer, marital, literacy and socio-economic status (p <0.05). Only 14.7% of women who knew about BSE said they were conducting regular breast self-examination. Unmarried women (aOR: 2.971; 95% CI: 1.108–7.968) were more likely to have performed BSE compared to married women (p <0.05).

Conclusion

Although most participants were aware of breast cancer; knowledge about risk factors, warning signs/symptoms, early diagnosis and detection was relatively poor. Knowledge about performing BSE was particularly low. This highlights the importance of increasing awareness about breast cancer risk factors and early detection among young women in Bangladesh.
Evolution of heterogeneity under constant and variable environments
Authors: Oizumi Ryo , Inaba Hisashi
Published: September 2021

Various definitions of fitness are essentially based on the number of descendants of an allele or a phenotype after a sufficiently long time. However, these different definitions do not explicate the continuous evolution of life histories. Herein, we focus on the eigenfunction of an age-structured population model as fitness. The function generates an equation, called the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, that achieves adaptive control of life history in terms of both the presence and absence of the density effect. Further, we introduce a perturbation method that applies the solution of this equation to the long-term logarithmic growth rate of a stochastic structured population model. We adopt this method to realize the adaptive control of heterogeneity for an optimal foraging problem in a variable environment as the analyzable example. The result indicates that the eigenfunction is involved in adaptive strategies under all the environments listed herein. Thus, we aim to systematize adaptive life histories in the presence of density effects and variable environments using the proposed objective function as a universal fitness candidate.
ESG-szempontok a klímakockázat előrejelzésében
Authors: Naffa Helena , Dudás Fanni , Juhász Kitti
Published: September 2021

Napjainkban a fenntarthatóság egyre nagyobb szerepet kap a pénzügyekben és ezzel együtt a klímakockázat mérése is előtérbe került. Kutatásuk során a szerzők az ESG-indikátorok (Environmental, Social and Governance) és a Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) kapcsolatát vizsgálták meg, fókuszálva a környezeti faktorok, valamint az országok jövedelmi kategóriájának szerepére. Elemzésükben a Világbank országszintű ESG-, valamint a Germanwatch klímakockázattal foglalkozó adatbázisait használták, amelyeken lineáris regresszió és neurális hálózat módszertant alkalmaztak a CRI előrejelzéséhez, amely az extrém időjárási események és a kapcsolódó társadalmi-gazdasági adatok következményeit számszerűsíti az emberáldozatok és a gazdasági veszteségek segítségével. A cikk fontos eredménye, hogy a klímakockázatot kevésbé jelzik előre a környezeti mutatók, inkább a társadalmi és kormányzati faktoroknak van jobb előrejelző képessége, illetve az országok jövedelmi szintje fordítottan arányos a klímaérzékenységgel. Eredményeik a nemzetközi és helyi politikai vezetésnek, valamint a befektetőknek lehetnek jelzésértékűek; minél alacsonyabb az ország jövedelmi helyzete, annál fokozottabb figyelmet kell fordítani az ESG-indikátorokra, ugyanis erősebben függnek össze a klímakockázattal.
A növekedéssel kapcsolatos kihívások és kontextuális kettős képesség. A felső vezetők (TMT) integráltságának vizsgálata
Authors: Taródy Dávid , Ferincz Adrienn , Kárpáti Zoltán
Published: September 2021

A folyamatos szervezeti alkalmazkodáshoz és növekedéshez szükséges, hogy a szervezet képes legyen kezelni az ellentéteket, mint például stabilitás és megújulás, kiaknázás és felfedezés. A szakirodalom szerint ennek érdekében a vállalatoknak el kell érniük a kettős képesség (együttes felfedezés és kiaknázás) valamilyen szintjét. A felső vezetésnek kiemelt szerepe van a kettős képesség megteremtésében, elősegítésében, egy megfelelően támogató szervezeti kontextus kialakításával. Jelen kutatás azt vizsgálja, hogyan befolyásolja a felsővezetői csapat magatartásbeli integráltsága (felfedezés- és kiaknázásorientáció tekintetében) a növekedéssel kapcsolatos kihívások jelenlétét a szervezeten belül. A növekedéssel kapcsolatos kihívások a szervezeti diszfunkciók olyan észlelt tünetei, melyek a nagyfokú növekedés eredményeként jöttek létre. E cikk egy pilot kutatás eredményeit ismerteti, kvantitatív módszerekkel elemzi, hogy azok a vállalatok, melyek felső vezetése nem integrált, szignifikánsabban magasabb stresszel, szervezetlenséggel és feszültségekkel jellemezhetők. A szerzők kutatásukban magyar tulajdonú vállalatok felső vezetőit kérdezték meg, minden mintába bekerülő vállalat esetében három vezetővel készítettek kérdőívet. Az adatelemzés során klaszterelemzést és kétmintás próbákat végeztek.