bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal pattern of influenza activity in a subtropical city, China, 2010–2015
Authors: Liu Xu-Xiang , Li Yahong , Zhu Yibing , Zhang Juanjuan , Li Xiaoru , Zhang Junqing , Zhao Kefu , Hu Mingxia , Qin Guoyou , Wang Xi-Ling
Published: December 2017

Influenza seasonality study is critical for policy-makers to choose an optimal time for influenza vaccination campaign, especially for subtropical regions where influenza seasonality and periodicity are unclear. In this study, we explored the seasonality and periodicity of influenza in Hefei, China during 2010 to 2015 using five proxies originated from three data sources of clinical surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI), laboratory surveillance of influenza and death registration of pneumonia and influenza. We combined both wavelets analysis and de-linear-trend regression with Fourier harmonic terms to estimate seasonal characteristics of epidemic phase, peak time, amplitude, ratio of dominant seasonality. We found both annual cycle of influenza epidemics peaking in December-February and semi-annual cycle peaking in December-February and June-July in subtropical city Hefei, China. Compared to proxies developed by ILI and death registration data separately, influenza proxies incorporated laboratory surveillance data performed better seasonality and periodicity, especially in semi-annual periodicity in Hefei. Proxy of ILI consultation rate showed more timeliness peak than other proxies, and could be useful in developing the early warning model for influenza epidemics. Our study suggests to integrate clinical and laboratory surveillance of influenza for future influenza seasonality studies in subtropical regions.
An optogenetic arrhythmia model to study catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia mutations
Authors: Fischer Elisabeth , Gottschalk Alexander , Schüler Christina
Published: December 2017

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a condition of abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), induced by physical activity or stress. Mutations in ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), a Ca2+ release channel located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), or calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2), a SR Ca2+ binding protein, are linked to CPVT. For specific drug development and to study distinct arrhythmias, simple models are required to implement and analyze such mutations. Here, we introduced CPVT inducing mutations into the pharynx of Caenorhabditis elegans, which we previously established as an optogenetically paced heart model. By electrophysiology and video-microscopy, we characterized mutations in csq-1 (CASQ2 homologue) and unc-68 (RyR2 homologue). csq-1 deletion impaired pharynx function and caused missed pumps during 3.7 Hz pacing. Deletion mutants of unc-68, and in particular the point mutant UNC-68(R4743C), analogous to the established human CPVT mutant RyR2(R4497C), were unable to follow 3.7 Hz pacing, with progressive defects during long stimulus trains. The pharynx either locked in pumping at half the pacing frequency or stopped pumping altogether, possibly due to UNC-68 leakiness and/or malfunctional SR Ca2+ homeostasis. Last, we could reverse this ‘worm arrhythmia’ by the benzothiazepine S107, establishing the nematode pharynx for studying specific CPVT mutations and for drug screening.
Direct Generation and Detection of Quantum Correlated Photons with 3.2 um Wavelength Spacing
Authors: Sua Yong Meng , Fan Heng , Shahverdi Amin , Chen Jia-Yang , Huang Yu-Ping
Published: December 2017

Quantum correlated, highly non-degenerate photons can be used to synthesize disparate quantum nodes and link quantum processing over incompatible wavelengths, thereby constructing heterogeneous quantum systems for otherwise unattainable superior performance. Existing techniques for correlated photons have been concentrated in the visible and near-IR domains, with the photon pairs residing within one micron. Here, we demonstrate direct generation and detection of high-purity photon pairs at room temperature with 3.2 um wavelength spacing, one at 780 nm to match the rubidium D2 line, and the other at 3950 nm that falls in a transparent, low-scattering optical window for free space applications. The pairs are created via spontaneous parametric downconversion in a lithium niobate waveguide with specially designed geometry and periodic poling. The 780 nm photons are measured with a silicon avalanche photodiode, and the 3950 nm photons are measured with an upconversion photon detector using a similar waveguide, which attains 34% internal conversion efficiency. Quantum correlation measurement yields a high coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 54, which indicates the strong correlation with the extremely non-degenerate photon pairs. Our system bridges existing quantum technology to the challenging mid-IR regime, where unprecedented applications are expected in quantum metrology and sensing, quantum communications, medical diagnostics, and so on.
Strengthening face centered cubic crystals by annealing induced nano-twins
Authors: Roy Barna , Das Jayanta
Published: December 2017

Usually, cold working strengthen metals and alloys by introducing large population of dislocations, whereas annealing of cold worked metal recovers the structure, annihilates dislocations, forms new strain-free grains, and results loss of strength. Here, we report annealing-hardening at temperature well below stress relieving and recrystallization temperatures in contrast to the typical behavior. A large amount of structural defects, such as dislocations, grain boundaries, twins, and stacking faults, have been introduced in nanostructured α-brass by cryorolling. The interaction and rearrangement of these defects upon annealing at 165–200 °C have been monitored at an interval of 1 minute. Large increase of the yield strength up to 578 MPa has been achieved in annealed specimens, which is 23% higher than that of as-cryorolled, and 425% higher than that of as-cast brass due to the evolution of nano-twins. Our approach shows a new avenue on strengthening fcc crystals by incorporating annealing induced nano-twins.
TRI Microspheres prevent key signs of dry eye disease in a murine, inflammatory model
Authors: Ratay Michelle L. , Balmert Stephen C. , Acharya Abhinav P. , Greene Ashlee C. , Meyyappan Thiagarajan , Little Steven R.
Published: December 2017

Dry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent, ocular disorder characterized by an abnormal tear film and ocular surface. Recent experimental data has suggested that the underlying pathology of DED involves inflammation of the lacrimal functional unit (LFU), comprising the cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland and interconnecting innervation. This inflammation of the LFU ultimately results in tissue deterioration and the symptoms of DED. Moreover, an increase of pathogenic lymphocyte infiltration and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the propagation of DED-associated inflammation. Studies have demonstrated that the adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (Tregs) can mediate the inflammation caused by pathogenic lymphocytes. Thus, as an approach to treating the inflammation associated with DED, we hypothesized that it was possible to enrich the body’s own endogenous Tregs by locally delivering a specific combination of Treg inducing factors through degradable polymer microspheres (TRImicrospheres;TGF-β1,Rapamycin (Rapa), andIL-2). This local controlled release system is capable of shifting the balance of Treg/T effectors and, in turn, preventing key signs of dry eye disease such as aqueous tear secretion, conjunctival goblet cells, epithelial corneal integrity, and reduce the pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu in the tissue.
The unfolded protein response impacts melanoma progression by enhancing FGF expression and can be antagonized by a chemical chaperone
Authors: Eigner Karin , Filik Yüksel , Mark Florian , Schütz Birgit , Klambauer Günter , Moriggl Richard , Hengstschläger Markus , Stangl Herbert , Mikula Mario , Röhrl Clemens
Published: December 2017

The mechanisms hallmarking melanoma progression are insufficiently understood. Here we studied the impact of the unfolded protein response (UPR) - a signalling cascade playing ambiguous roles in carcinogenesis - in melanoma malignancy. We identified isogenic patient-derived melanoma cell lines harboring BRAFV600E-mutations as a model system to study the role of intrinsic UPR in melanoma progression. We show that the activity of the three effector pathways of the UPR (ATF6, PERK and IRE1) was increased in metastatic compared to non-metastatic cells. Increased UPR-activity was associated with increased flexibility to cope with ER stress. The activity of the ATF6- and the PERK-, but not the IRE-pathway, correlated with poor survival in melanoma patients. Using whole-genome expression analysis, we show that the UPR is an inducer of FGF1 and FGF2 expression and cell migration. Antagonization of the UPR using the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) reduced FGF expression and inhibited cell migration and viability. Consistently, FGF expression positively correlated with the activity of ATF6 and PERK in human melanomas. We conclude that chronic UPR stimulates the FGF/FGF-receptor signalling axis and promotes melanoma progression. Hence, the development of potent chemical chaperones to antagonize the UPR might be a therapeutic approach to target melanoma.
A green-light-emitting, spontaneously blinking fluorophore based on intramolecular spirocyclization for dual-colour super-resolution imaging
Authors: Uno Shin-nosuke , Kamiya Mako , Morozumi Akihiko , Urano Yasuteru
Published: December 2017

We have developed the first green-light-emitting, spontaneously blinking fluorophore (SBF), HEtetTFER.
Rhodium-mediated asymmetric transfer hydrogenation: a diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of syn-α-amido β-hydroxy esters
Authors: Zheng Long-Sheng , Férard Charlène , Phansavath Phannarath , Ratovelomanana-Vidal Virginie
Published: December 2017

The use of a Rh- instead of a Ru-complex in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α-benzoylamino β-keto esters allowed a reversal of diastereoselectivity and an efficient access to a variety of syn α-amido β-hydroxy esters.
Loose crystals engineered by mismatched halogen bonds in hexachloroethane
Authors: Bujak Maciej , Podsiadło Marcin , Katrusiak Andrzej
Published: December 2017

The shortest intermolecular contacts in the engineered loose crystal of hexachloroethane are longer than the sum of van der Waals radii, reached only at the pressure of 1.2 GPa.
Stereodynamics of electron-induced dissociative ionization of N2 studied by (e, e+ion) spectroscopy
Authors: Watanabe Noboru , Yamada So , Takahashi Masahiko
Published: December 2017

Transferred-momentum-dependent stereodynamics in the electron-induced dissociative ionization of N2 has been investigated via (e, e+ion) spectroscopy.
Novel highly efficient single-component multi-peak emitting aluminosilicate phosphors co-activated with Ce3+, Tb3+ and Eu2+: luminescence properties, tunable color, and thermal properties
Authors: Xu Chengyi , Guan Hongxia , Song Yanhua , An Zhengce , Zhang Xiangting , Zhou Xiuqing , Shi Zhan , Sheng Ye , Zou Haifeng
Published: December 2017

Single-composition multicolor luminescence and warm white light emission are realized, which are applied to solid lighting and ratiometric temperature sensing.
Direct n-octanol amination by ammonia on supported Ni and Pd catalysts: activity is enhanced by “spectator” ammonia adsorbates
Authors: Dumon Alexandre S. , Wang Tao , Ibañez Javier , Tomer Ajay , Yan Zhen , Wischert Raphael , Sautet Philippe , Pera-Titus Marc , Michel Carine
Published: December 2017

DFT calculations highlight the role of co-adsorbed ammonia in catalytic activity in the amination of alcohols by ammonia.
Isostructural lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks: structure, photoluminescence and magnetic properties
Authors: Luo Li-Lin , Qu Xiang-Long , Li Zheng , Li Xia , Sun Hao-Ling
Published: December 2017

Highly stable 3D Ln-MOFs were constructed. The Eu-MOF shows good luminescence properties while the Dy-MOF shows a typical single-molecule magnetic behavior with a slow relaxation of magnetization.
Transformation of CO2 into polyureas with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole potassium as a solid base catalyst
Authors: Wang Peixue , Fei Yuqing , Deng Youquan
Published: December 2017

The synthesis of polyureas from CO2 and diamines with KATriz as the catalyst.
In vivo formation of protein corona on gold nanoparticles. The effect of their size and shape
Authors: García-Álvarez Rafaela , Hadjidemetriou Marilena , Sánchez-Iglesias Ana , Liz-Marzán Luis M. , Kostarelos Kostas
Published: December 2017

A detailed study is presented of in vivo protein corona formation on anisotropic gold nanoparticles, after blood circulation in mice.
Side chain-specific 11/9-helix propensity of α/β-peptides with alternating residue types
Authors: Lee Jaeyeon , Shim Jihyun , Kang Philjae , Choi Moon-Gun , Choi Soo Hyuk
Published: December 2017

The 11/9-helix propensity of α/β-peptides is dependent on a specific side chain group of α- or β3-residue.
A convergent synthesis of vinyloxyimidazopyridine via Cu(i)-catalyzed three-component coupling
Authors: Samanta Sadhanendu , Mondal Susmita , Hajra Alakananda
Published: December 2017

The synthesis of vinyloxyimidazopyridine with complete regio- and stereoselectivity has been achieved by the Cu(i)-catalyzed three-component coupling of 2-aminopyridine, 2-oxoaldehyde and alkyne. This protocol is operationally simple and has much potential for the synthesis of heteroarylated vinyl ethers.
Graphene oxide enhanced, radiation cross-linked, vitamin E stabilized oxidation resistant UHMWPE with high hardness and tensile properties
Authors: Pang Wenchao , Wu Jialiang , Zhang Qifan , Li Guangfei
Published: December 2017

A method for enhancing the micro-hardness and tensile properties of cross-linked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) by radiation cross-linking after adding vitamin-E (VE) and graphene oxide (GO) was reported.
Compositional effect on the fabrication of AgxPd1−x alloy nanoparticles on c-plane sapphire at distinctive stages of the solid-state-dewetting of bimetallic thin films
Authors: Pandey Puran , Kunwar Sundar , Sui Mao , Bastola Sushil , Lee Jihoon
Published: December 2017

The bilayer composition effect on the evolution of AgxPd1–x nanoparticles is thoroughly investigated by the thermal activation, diffusion and inter-mixing of Ag–Pd adatoms with respect to the growth conditions on c-plane sapphire.
Testing a simple approach for theoretical evaluation of radiolysis products in extraction systems. A case of N,O-donor ligands for Am/Eu separation
Authors: Matveev P. I. , Mitrofanov A. A. , Petrov V. G. , Zhokhov S. S. , Smirnova A. A. , Ustynyuk Yu. A. , Kalmykov S. N.
Published: December 2017

Here we present experimental confirmation of the theoretical calculation of organic ligands' radiolytic degradation.
A series of planar tetranuclear lanthanide complexes: axial ligand modulated magnetic dynamics in Dy4 species
Authors: Zhang Ya-Xin , Li Meng , Liu Bi-Ying , Wu Zhi-Lei , Wei Hai-Ying , Wang Wen-Min
Published: December 2017

A series of tetranuclear lanthanide compounds with a similar butterfly shaped arrangement were obtained by tuning the substituents of β-diketonate auxiliary ligands, of which three Dy-based compounds display different magnetic relaxation behaviors.
Two hybrid polyoxometalates constructed from Preyssler P5W30 clusters and Schiff base exhibiting interesting third-order NLO properties
Authors: Shi Jie , Xiong Yao , Zhou MengJie , Chen Lu , Xu Yan
Published: December 2017

Two novel inorganic–organic hybrid NLO materials constructed from Preyssler-type P5W30 cluster anions and Schiff-base have been isolated under hydrothermal conditions.
Effect of tantalum doping in a TiO2 compact layer on the performance of planar spiro-OMeTAD free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ranjan Rahul , Prakash Asit , Singh Arjun , Singh Anand , Garg Ashish , Gupta Raju Kumar
Published: December 2017

This work investigates the effect of tantalum doping in compact TiO2 layer on the performance of planar spiro-OMeTAD free perovskite solar cells. 40% improvement in the overall efficiency was obtained as compared to the device with undoped TiO2.
Evolution of copper oxide nanoneedle mesh with subtle regulated lyophobicity for high efficiency liquid separation
Authors: Qiu Mengna , Wang Nü , Cui Zhimin , Liu Jing , Hou Lanlan , Liu Jingchong , Hu Rongjun , Zhang Hailong , Zhao Yong
Published: December 2017

The relationship between copper oxide nanostructures and lyophobicity has been systematically researched for the design of lyophobic copper materials.
Ti/Co-S catalyst covered amorphous Si-based photocathodes with high photovoltage for the HER in non-acid environments
Authors: Zhang Qixing , Li Tiantian , Luo Jingshan , Liu Bofei , Liang Junhui , Wang Ning , Kong Xiangbin , Li Baozhang , Wei Changchun , Zhao Ying , Zhang Xiaodan
Published: December 2017

Magnetron sputtering and electrochemical-deposition were used to deposit Ti/Co–S catalyst on amorphous Si/amorphous Si tandem solar cells for water-splitting in non-acid solutions.
Radiation-induced grafting of a butyl-spacer styrenic monomer onto ETFE: the synthesis of the most alkali stable radiation-grafted anion-exchange membrane to date
Authors: Ponce-González Julia , Ouachan Imad , Varcoe John R. , Whelligan Daniel K.
Published: December 2017

Adding a butyl spacer between the benzene and N-methylpyrrolidinium group led to double the ex situ alkaline stability compared to use of a methylene spacer.
Functional nanoscale metal–organic particles synthesized from a new vinylimidazole-based polymeric ligand and dysprosium ions
Authors: Cui Jian , Zhang Guangfa , Xin Lanxia , Yun Peng , Yan Yehai , Su Feng
Published: December 2017

Bimodal magneto-fluorescent metal–organic nanoparticles were synthesized from a new vinylimidazole-based polymer ligand and Dy3+, which further develop an anti-disassembling ability by silica-coating.
Narrative Language Sampling in Typical Development: Implications for Clinical Trials
Authors: Channell Marie Moore , Loveall Susan J. , Conners Frances A. , Harvey Danielle J. , Abbeduto Leonard
Published: December 2017

Purpose

This study examined cross-sectional age-related trajectories of expressive language variables (syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, unintelligibility, dysfluency, and talkativeness) derived from a narrative language sampling procedure.

Method

Narrative samples were analyzed from 103 typically developing individuals, ages 4–21 years.

Results

Results showed that this procedure was effective for the entire age range, with participants producing an utterance on virtually every page of the wordless picture books used to prompt the narrative. Importantly, the cross-sectional trajectories for syntactic complexity and lexical diversity showed age-related increases through the age of 18 years, although measures of other dimensions of language showed different relationships with age.

Conclusions

These data inform developmental work and document the extent to which the narrative procedure can be used to characterize expressive language over a wide age range. This procedure has been proposed as an outcome measure for clinical trials and interventions involving individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The present data document the developmental levels for which the procedure and metrics derived are appropriate.
Adaptive dynamic programming method‐based synchronisation control of a class of complex dynamical networks with unknown dynamics and actuator faults
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Li Xiao‐Jian
Published: December 2017

This study is concerned with the adaptive fault‐tolerant synchronisation control problem for a class of complex dynamic networks with unknown internal dynamics and actuator faults. A controller which consists of adaptive fault‐tolerant control laws and a static feedback gain is designed to achieve the synchronisation. A modified iterative algorithm via adaptive dynamic programming technique is developed to compute the static feedback gain, and based on which adaptive fault‐tolerant control laws are then designed, without requiring the a priori knowledge of the system matrices, to compensate the actuator faults. Furthermore, the asymptotic convergence of synchronisation errors is rigidly analysed by combining graph theory and Lyapunov theory, and all the other signals in synchronised error system are also proved to be bounded. Finally, a simulation example is illustrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Active fault tolerant control scheme for satellite attitude system subject to actuator time‐varying faults
Authors: Gao Zhifeng , Zhou Zepeng , Qian Moshu S. , Lin Jinxing
Published: December 2017

This study investigates the active fault tolerant control (FTC) problem for the attitude system of a rigid satellite, which is affected by parameter uncertainty, unknown exogenous disturbance and actuator time‐varying faults. The upper bounds of the actuator time‐varying fault and the generalised perturbation are unknown. A novel adaptive non‐linear fault estimation observer is designed in order to obtain the estimated value of unknown time‐varying faults. Then, an active fault tolerant attitude control approach is proposed under the framework of both backstepping control and adaptive control theory. Consequently, the Lyapunov theory is used to prove the robust asymptotic stability for the closed‐loop attitude system of a faulty satellite under the proposed FTC scheme. Finally, simulation results on an in‐orbit rigid satellite are provided to show the good fault tolerant performance, which validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Comprehensive control strategy of virtual synchronous generator under unbalanced voltage conditions
Authors: Zheng Tianwen , Chen Laijun , Guo Yan , Mei Shengwei
Published: December 2017

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is emerging as an effective approach for controlling converter to mimic the traditional synchronous generator (SG). VSG can provide virtual inertia, handle both reactive and active power, which is grid‐friendly for integrating distributed generations. Generally, when grid voltage is unbalanced, the negative sequence voltage components will appear. Due to traditional VSG control strategy does not consider the negative sequence components and cannot eliminate them, thus it will lead to current unbalance and power oscillations. To address these problems, a comprehensive control strategy of VSG under unbalanced voltage conditions is proposed. Herein, the basic principle of VSG and inherent reasons for VSG current unbalance and power fluctuation are demonstrated with quantitative analysis. The cascaded control framework and design process of the comprehensive control strategy are presented, integrating the traditional VSG control algorithm, novel current reference generator and typical current regulator. Additionally, related critical issues such as sequence components extraction and control parameter design are discussed. The proposed control strategy can flexibly meet different operation demands, including current balancing and suppression of active power or reactive power oscillations. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified with simulation and experimental results.
Optimal PMU placement for pessimistic dynamic vulnerability assessment
Authors: Lu Chengchao , Wang Zhongjie , Yu Yang
Published: December 2017

This study proposes a novel optimal phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement method for dynamic vulnerability assessment with minimum number of PMUs. PMU measurements should reflect the change of power system status as earlier as possible when a contingency occurs. Therefore, those buses which are sensitive to the change of power system status have to be equipped with PMUs to monitor the fragile areas of power systems. First, a large power system is partitioned into several coherent clusters. Next, a probabilistic vulnerability index defined as the objective function and a binary quadratic programming model are proposed for this purpose. Finally, the proposed method is tested on IEEE 9‐, 39‐, and 145‐bus systems. Results show that this method results in a PMU configuration with minimum number of devices and high vulnerability index. Such a PMU placement is able to estimate the vulnerability of power systems.
E‐field computation in 765 kV substation using CSM with reference to occupational exposure
Authors: Harimurugan Devarajan , Punekar Gururaj S. , Bhatt Nagabushanam Srikanth
Published: December 2017

With the increase in transmission voltage level, and the guidelines of the International Commission on Non‐Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the effects of non‐ionising radiation on biological elements at high‐voltage substations have gained significant importance. The electric field (E ‐field) distribution in an upcoming 765 kV substation in the Indian subcontinent is computed using the charge simulation method (CSM). CSM is used to model the 765 kV bays, transmission lines, buses, and ground wires in the substation. The three‐dimensional (3D) E ‐field is calculated through the superimposition of E ‐fields obtained in two orthogonal planes using infinite‐line charges. This proposed method of using infinite‐line charges gives realistic results. The simplistic model using infinite‐line charges greatly reduces the complexity of the CSM‐based model (due to the reduced number of charges) apart from increasing the CSM‐based model accuracies. This fact has been demonstrated by comparing these results with those of CSM‐3D‐model of a detailed bay model (including major equipment and associated support structures). The complex‐charge‐based CSM helps in computing the root mean square value of the E ‐field at a point, directly, as per ICNIRP guidelines. This RMS value of the E ‐field is compared with the occupational exposure reference value prescribed in the ICNIRP guidelines.
Multiband slot‐loaded dipole antenna for WLAN and LTE‐A applications
Authors: Al‐Bawri Samir Salem , Jamlos Mohd. Faizal , Soh Ping Jack , Aljunid Syed Junid Syed Alwee , Jamlos Mohd Aminudin , Narbudowicz Adam
Published: December 2017

A multiband printed dipole antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and long‐term evolution‐advanced (LTE‐A) applications is investigated here. Its multiband characteristic is enabled by the Y‐slot present in the upper arm of the dipole, while the antenna's dimensions are at the lowest operating frequency. It features bandwidth of 14.6% centred at 2.4 GHz, and ∼30.5% centred at 5.5 GHz for WLAN operation. An additional bandwidth of 6.9% centred at 3.5 GHz supporting LTE‐A applications is also featured. Besides being compact, the proposed antenna radiates omnidirectionally with a gain of up to 4.09 dBi. Simulations and measurements are in good agreement.
System‐based strategies for p53 recovery
Authors: Azam Muhammad Rizwan , Fazal Sahar , Ullah Mukhtar , Bhatti Aamer I.
Published: December 2017

The authors have proposed a systems theory‐based novel drug design approach for the p53 pathway. The pathway is taken as a dynamic system represented by ordinary differential equations‐based mathematical model. Using control engineering practices, the system analysis and subsequent controller design is performed for the re‐activation of wild‐type p53. p53 revival is discussed for both modes of operation, i.e. the sustained and oscillatory. To define the problem in control system paradigm, modification in the existing mathematical model is performed to incorporate the effect of Nutlin. Attractor point analysis is carried out to select the suitable domain of attraction. A two‐loop negative feedback control strategy is devised to drag the system trajectories to the attractor point and to regulate cellular concentration of Nutlin, respectively. An integrated framework is constituted to incorporate the pharmacokinetic effects of Nutlin in the cancerous cells. Bifurcation analysis is also performed on the p53 model to see the conditions for p53 oscillation.
Efficiently enhancing the photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4 by a simple advanced successive activation method
Authors: Huai Xu , Hang Zusheng , Wang Zhangzhong , Liu Delin , Li Qiuya , He Zhen , Chen Yang , Han Xisi
Published: December 2017

High activated graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) was initially produced by a typical calcination of melamine, and then modified by a convenient successive activation: protonated in hydrothermal hydrochloric acid (g‐C3N4‐1) and subsequently immersed in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (g‐C3N4‐2). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry were used to characterise the morphology, crystal structure and thermal stability of the as‐prepared samples. The SEM and TEM showed that g‐C3N4‐2 had a much smaller aggregate size than g‐C3N4‐1 and obviously displayed porous structures. The XRD patterns indicated the decrease of inter‐lamellar spacing between the layers of samples and the increase of stretched properties of g‐C3N4‐2. Under visible‐light irradiation, the modified g‐C3N4 showed higher photocatalytic activity for degradation of rhodamine B solution than pristine samples due to the tiny particles aggregate and porous structure. Thus, the method of acid and alkali treatment will widen the photocatalysis and application of g‐C3N4.
The 2D dynamics of radiative zones of low-mass stars
Authors: Hypolite D. , Mathis S. , Rieutord M.
Published: December 2017

Context. Helioseismology and asteroseismology allow us to probe the differential rotation deep within low-mass stars. In the solar convective envelope, the rotation varies with latitude with an equator rotating faster than the pole, which results in a shear applied on the radiative zone below. However, a polar acceleration of the convective envelope can be obtained through 3D numerical simulations in other low-mass stars and the dynamical interaction of the surface convective envelope with the radiative core needs to be investigated in the general case.

Aim. In the context of secular evolution, we aim to describe the dynamics of the radiative core of low-mass stars to get a deeper understanding of the internal transport of angular momentum in such stars, which results in a solid rotation in the Sun from 0.7R⊙ to 0.2R⊙ and a weak radial core-envelope differential rotation in solar-type stars. This study requires at least a 2D description to capture the latitudinal variations of the differential rotation.

Methods. We build 2D numerical models of a radiative core on the top of which we impose a latitudinal shear so as to reproduce a conical or cylindrical differential rotation in a convective envelope. We perform a systematic study over the Rossby number Ro = ΔΩ/2Ω0 measuring the latitudinal differential rotation at the radiative–;convective interface. We provide a 2D description of the differential rotation and the associated meridional circulation in the incompressible and stably stratified cases using the Boussinesq approximation.

Results. The imposed shear generates a geostrophic flow implying a cylindrical differential rotation in the case of an isotropic viscosity. When compared to the baroclinic flow that arises from the stable stratification, we find that the geostrophic flow is dominant when the Rossby number is high enough (Ro ≥ 1) with a cylindrical rotation profile. For low Rossby numbers (Ro < 1), the baroclinic solution dominates with a quasi-shellular rotation profile. Using scaling laws from 3D simulations, we show that slow rotators (Ω0 < 30Ω⊙) are expected to have a cylindrical rotation profile. Fast rotators (Ω0 > 30Ω⊙) may have a shellular profile at the beginning of the main sequence in stellar radiative zones.

Conclusions. This study enables us to predict different types of differential rotation and emphasizes the need for a new generation of 2D rotating stellar models developed in synergy with 3D numerical simulations. The shear induced by a surface convective zone has a strong impact on the dynamics of the underlying radiative zone in low-mass stars. However, it cannot produce a flat internal rotation profile in a solar configuration calling for additional processes for the transport of angular momentum in both radial and latitudinal directions.
Chemical fingerprints of hot Jupiter planet formation
Authors: Maldonado J. , Villaver E. , Eiroa C.
Published: December 2017

Context. The current paradigm to explain the presence of Jupiter-like planets with small orbital periods (P < 10 days; hot Jupiters), which involves their formation beyond the snow line following inward migration, has been challenged by recent works that explore the possibility of in situ formation.

Aims. We aim to test whether stars harbouring hot Jupiters and stars with more distant gas-giant planets show any chemical peculiarity that could be related to different formation processes.

Methods. Our methodology is based on the analysis of high-resolution échelle spectra. Stellar parameters and abundances of C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn for a sample of 88 planet hosts are derived. The sample is divided into stars hosting hot (a < 0.1 au) and cool (a > 0.1 au) Jupiter-like planets. The metallicity and abundance trends of the two sub-samples are compared and set in the context of current models of planet formation and migration.

Results. Our results show that stars with hot Jupiters have higher metallicities than stars with cool distant gas-giant planets in the metallicity range +0.00/+0.20 dex. The data also shows a tendency of stars with cool Jupiters to show larger abundances of α elements. No abundance differences between stars with cool and hot Jupiters are found when considering iron peak, volatile elements or the C/O, and Mg/Si ratios. The corresponding p-values from the statistical tests comparing the cumulative distributions of cool and hot planet hosts are 0.20, <0.01, 0.81, and 0.16 for metallicity, α, iron-peak, and volatile elements, respectively. We confirm previous works suggesting that more distant planets show higher planetary masses as well as larger eccentricities. We note differences in age and spectral type between the hot and cool planet host samples that might affect the abundance comparison.

Conclusions. The differences in the distribution of planetary mass, period, eccentricity, and stellar host metallicity suggest a different formation mechanism for hot and cool Jupiters. The slightly larger α abundances found in stars harbouring cool Jupiters might compensate their lower metallicities allowing the formation of gas-giant planets.
Synthesis of Acetylenic Amides with Propyllactam Moieties by In Situ DBU or DBN Ring-Opening Rearrangement in the Presence of Acetylenic Esters
Authors: Trofimov Boris , Shemyakina Olesya , Volostnykh Olga , Stepanov Anton , Mal’kina Anastasiya , Ushakov Igor
Published: December 2017

DBN (1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene) and DBU (1,8-diaza­bicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene) react with methyl esters of acetylenic acids and excess water (the reactant molar ratio 1:1, in aqueous MeCN, at 20–25 °C, for 48 h) to afford acetylenic amides with pyrrolidone and caprolactam moieties in 89–100% yields. The synthesis involves amines formed in situ from the cyclic amidines, which further react with acetylenic esters.
Regenerative Medicine/Cardiac Cell Therapy: Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Duran Ana , Reidell Olivia , Stachelscheid Harald , Klose Kristin , Gossen Manfred , Falk Volkmar , Röll Wilhelm , Stamm Christof
Published: December 2017

For more than 20 years, tremendous efforts have been made to develop cell-based therapies for treatment of heart failure. However, the results of clinical trials using somatic, nonpluripotent stem or progenitor cells have been largely disappointing in both cardiology and cardiac surgery scenarios. Surgical groups were among the pioneers of experimental and clinical myocyte transplantation (“cellular cardiomyoplasty”), but little translational progress was made prior to the development of cellular reprogramming for creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Ever since, protocols have been developed which allow for the derivation of large numbers of autologous cardiomyocytes (CMs) from patient-specific iPSC, moving translational research closer toward clinical pilot trials. However, compared with somatic cell therapy, the technology required for safe and efficacious pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based therapies is extremely complex and requires tremendous resources and close interactions between basic scientists and clinicians. This review summarizes PSC sources, strategies to derive CMs, current cardiac tissue engineering approaches, concerns regarding immunogenicity and cellular maturity, and highlights the contributions made by surgical groups.
Direct Intraoperative Reduction of Basilar Invagination Associated with Atlantoaxial Subluxation – Technical Note
Authors: Barretto Victor , Sousa Camila , Loureiro Anderson , Arruda Diogo , Matos Anderson , Joaquim Andrei
Published: December 2017

In the present article, we describe a technique of direct intraoperative reduction of congenital atlantoaxial subluxation associated with severe basilar invagination and atlas assimilation. It consists of a wide dissection of the craniovertebral junction, exposing the region between the superior facet of C2 and the occiput (described as a “pseudoarticulation” by some authors). After exposure, a self-rotating small dissector or Kobe is used bilaterally, pushing C2 anteriorly and inferiorly, with reduction of the dislocation, followed by craniovertebral fixation. The technique is safe and eliminates the need for an anterior approach to the odontoid reduction, as well as the need to dissect the C1–2 joint.
Altern in den eigenen vier Wänden – trotz Behinderung
Authors: Frackenpohl Melanie
Published: December 2017

Steigende Lebenserwartung Der demografische Wandel zeigt sich auch in der Statistik bei Menschen mit Behinderung. Seit der
systematischen Ermordung von Menschen mit Handicap im Nationalsozialismus haben diese erstmals die Chance, zu altern. Medizinische
Fortschritte, Frühförderung und das Normalisierungsprinzip haben einen großen Anteil an dieser Entwicklung. Menschen mit und ohne Handicap
haben mittlerweile eine ähnlich hohe Lebenserwartung.
Interventionelle Therapie des Schlaganfalls – ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz
Authors: Erbguth Frank
Published: December 2017

Die mechanische Thrombektomie (MT) von Verschlüssen großer Hirngefäße in Kombination mit der systemischen intravenösen Thrombolyse (IVT) hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einem hocheffektiven evidenzbasierten Verfahren der Akuttherapie des Hirninfarkts entwickelt. Die Chance auf ein behinderungsfreies Überleben der in der Regel schwer betroffenen Patienten wird um ca. 75% erhöht. Allerdings stellt die MT nur für etwa 5% der Patienten mit ischämischem Schlaganfall eine Therapieoption dar. Die Akuttherapie der ischämischen Schlaganfälle fußt daher weiter hauptsächlich auf den etablierten Maßnahmen wie Stroke-Unit-Behandlung, frühe Sekundärprophylaxe und IVT. Die flächendeckende Versorgung der Kandidaten für eine MT stellt eine logistische Herausforderung dar, zu denen auch die Optimierung der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit gehört. Die MT hat auch Implikationen für die Akuttherapie oral antikoagulierter Schlaganfallpatienten. Eine moderne Schlaganfallbehandlung erfordert die interdisziplinäre Kooperation von Neurologie, Neuroradiologie, Neurochirurgie, Kardiologie, Gefäßchirurgie und Anästhesie.
„Heute war ich bei Papa“
Authors: Reuß Yvonne , Walter Carola , Ortner Nicole , Ewers Andre
Published: December 2017

Besuche gestalten Kinder, die erwachsene Angehörige auf Intensivstationen besuchen, gehören längst zum Pflegealltag. Doch wie geht das
Pflegepersonal mit ihnen um? Werden sie ähnlich aktiv in den Genesungsprozess integriert wie erwachsene Besucher? Was gilt es dabei zu
beachten und wie lassen sich solche Besuche gestalten? Yvonne Reuß hat im Rahmen einer Bachelorarbeit die Literatur nach Untersuchungen zu
diesem Thema durchforstet.
Marte Meo: Immer wieder die Balance finden
Authors: Schnapp-Benend Kerstin , Venedey Christoph
Published: December 2017

Gelungene Integration Soll die Integration von Menschen mit Demenz im Quartier gelingen, ist es von einiger Bedeutung, dass die
Menschen des Umfelds über Demenz informiert sind und keine Berührungsängste haben. Die Marte-Meo-Methode kann, als ressourcenorientierte
Kommunikations- und Integrationsmethode, dabei ausgesprochen hilfreich sein.
Fallbeispiel Frau E.: mit Behinderung alt werden
Authors: Heine Michael
Published: December 2017

Bewegtes Leben Die Fallbeschreibung skizziert die Paradigmenwechsel in der Unterstützung von Menschen mit Behinderung. Von der
Verwahrung über die Förderung bis hin zu einer personenzentrierten Assistenz. Frau E. hat all dies erlebt und blickt nun in ihrem gesetzten
Alter auf die nächste einschneidende Veränderung: das Quartierwohnen.
Behinderung und Alter – eine Herausforderung für die Gesellschaft
Authors: Meyer Nicole
Published: December 2017

Gesellschaftliche Herausforderung Altern verläuft hoch individuell – bei jedem von uns. Das ist bei Menschen mit Behinderung in keiner
Weise anders. „Menschen mit Behinderung haben ebenso wie Menschen ohne Behinderung ein Recht darauf, ihr Leben auch im Alter möglichst
autonom und selbstbestimmt zu führen. Die Herausforderungen sind gewaltig. Schon wenn sich die Gesellschaft für die Teilhabe aller
behinderter Menschen öffnet und auf allen Ebenen Barrieren abbaut, ist ein erster Schritt getan.“8 Liefert die Altenpflege hierzu einen
praktikablen (Teil-)Lösungsansatz?
Rekonstruktive Chirurgie des Ureters
Authors: Heidenreich Axel , Grabbert Markus , Kohl Tobias , Pfister David
Published: December 2017

Ureterstrikturen mit konsekutiver Hydronephrose können sich als Folge endourologischer oder operativer Manipulationen, nach intra- oder extraluminalen entzündlichen Prozessen, als Folge einer Radiotherapie der Nachbarorgane oder auch nach Steinabgängen entwickeln. Anatomische Lage, Längenausdehnung, zugrundeliegende Ursache, Alter und Komorbiditäten des Patienten sowie die bereits durchgeführten Voroperationen im Peritonealraum, Retroperitoneum oder kleinem Becken müssen im Rahmen der Planung einer operativen Korrektur berücksichtigt werden. An Therapieoptionen stehen von der End-zu-End Anastomose über die Ureterolyse und die Ureterneoimplantation bis hin zum Ureter-Ileum-Interponat oder der renalen Autotransplantation eine Vielzahl chirurgischer Techniken zur Verfügung, die individuell abgewogen werden müssen und von dem Chirurgen eine große operative Erfahrung erfordern. Neben den operativ-rekonstruktiven Verfahren müssen auch minimal-invasive Therapieverfahren wie die Implantation selbst-expandierender Stents oder eines pyelovesikalen Bypass in das Therapiespektrum mit einbezogen werden. Bei geeigneter Indikation und entsprechender operativer Erfahrung sind die einzelnen Verfahren mit einer hohen Erfolgsrate von über 90 % und einer signifikanten Komplikationsrate von < 5 % vergesellschaftet. Es ist die Zielsetzung dieses Artikels die verschiedenen Therapieverfahren kritisch darzustellen und Empfehlungen für eine individuelle, differenzialtherapeutische Entscheidung aufzuzeigen.
Patient comfort scores do not affect endoscopist behavior during colonoscopy, while trainee involvement has negative effects on patient comfort
Authors: Chan Brian , Hussey Amanda , Rubinger Natalie , Hookey Lawrence
Published: December 2017

Introduction Patient comfort is an important part of endoscopy and reflects procedure quality and endoscopist technique. Using the validated, Nurse Assisted Patient Comfort Score (NAPCOMS), this study aimed to determine whether the introduction of NAPCOMS would affect sedation use by endoscopists.

Patients and methods The study was conducted over 3 phases. Phase One and Two consisted of 8 weeks of endoscopist blinded and aware data collection, respectively. Data in Phase Three was collected over a 5-month period and scores fed back to individual endoscopists on a monthly basis.

Results NAPCOMS consists of 3 domains – pain, sedation, and global tolerability. Comparison of Phase One and Two, showed no significant differences in sedative use or NAPCOMS. Phase Three data showed a decline in fentanyl use between individual months (P = 0.035), but no change in overall NAPCOMS. Procedures involving trainees were found to use more midazolam (P = 0.01) and fentanyl (P = 0.01), have worse NAPCOMS scores, and resulted in longer procedure duration (P < 0.001). Data comparing gastroenterologists and general surgeons showed increased fentanyl use (P = 0.037), decreased midazolam use (P = 0.001), and more position changes (P = 0.002) among gastroenterologists.

Conclusions The introduction of a patient comfort scoring system resulted in a decrease in fentanyl use, although with minimal clinical significance. Additional studies are required to determine the role of patient comfort scores in quality control in endoscopy. Procedures completed with trainees used more sedation, were longer, and had worse NAPCOMS scores, the implications of which, for teaching hospitals and training programs, will need to be further considered.
Bereitschaft zur Teilnahme an der ambulanten spezialfachärztlichen Versorgung (ASV): eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Dengler Robert , Walawgo Thomas , Baumann Walter , Cassens Manfred
Published: December 2017

Ziel der Studie Die ambulante spezialfachärztliche Versorgung (ASV) soll die interdisziplinäre, sektorübergreifende Versorgung von Patienten mit seltenen oder komplexen Krankheitsbildern, darunter v. a. Tumorerkrankungen, verbessern. Bis dato wurden nur wenige ASV-Teams etabliert. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Informations- und Teilnahmestand, sowie die Hintergründe der zurückhaltenden Teilnahme und die Einschätzung niedergelassener Fachärzte für Hämatologie und Onkologie zu evaluieren.

Methodik Es wurde eine internetbasierte Umfrage unter niedergelassenen Internisten mit dem Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie in Deutschland durchgeführt. In die Umfrage eingeschlossen wurden Antworten aus 145 Praxen, in denen insgesamt mehr als 350 Fachärzte tätig sind. Die Erhebung umfasste 22 selbstentwickelte Items zum Informationsstand, zur Umsetzung, zu Problemen bzw. Hürden der Teilnahme sowie zur Bewertung der ASV.

Ergebnisse Die Mehrheit der befragten Ärzte zeigte sich gut über die ASV informiert. Nur sehr wenige lehnten die ASV grundsätzlich ab. Jedoch versorgten lediglich 6% der Praxen Patienten in der ASV. Bei 8% sind die Vorbereitungen abgeschlossen, 16% befanden sich in Vorbereitung, 26% waren noch unentschlossen und 45% der Praxen hatten sich dagegen entschieden. Als Gründe für eine Nichtteilnahme bzw. die Zurückhaltung wurden ein zu hoher Aufwand sowie mangelnde Vorteile für die Patientenversorgung, die strategische Positionierung sowie die Vergütung angegeben.

Schlussfolgerung Die ASV spielt auch 5 Jahre nach Inkrafttreten des Gesetzes keine relevante Rolle im Versorgungsalltag. Die Zurückhaltung liegt nicht in Informationsdefiziten, sondern in Hemmnissen wie das als zu aufwändig empfundene Anzeigeverfahren. Entscheidende Vorteile für die Patientenversorgung, die interdisziplinäre Kommunikation sowie die Vergütung werden kaum gesehen. Solange die Akzeptanz der ASV nicht verbessert wird, wird diese neue Versorgungform ihr Potenzial nicht entfalten.