bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Soil Moisture Assimilation on Land Surface Model Spinup and Coupled Land–Atmosphere Prediction
Authors: Santanello Joseph A. , Kumar Sujay V. , Peters-Lidard Christa D. , Lawston Patricia M.
Published: October 2015

Advances in satellite monitoring of the terrestrial water cycle have led to a concerted effort to assimilate soil moisture observations from various platforms into offline land surface models (LSMs). One principal but still open question is that of the ability of land data assimilation (LDA) to improve LSM initial conditions for coupled short-term weather prediction. In this study, the impact of assimilating Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) soil moisture retrievals on coupled WRF Model forecasts is examined during the summers of dry (2006) and wet (2007) surface conditions in the southern Great Plains. LDA is carried out using NASA’s Land Information System (LIS) and the Noah LSM through an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approach. The impacts of LDA on the 1) soil moisture and soil temperature initial conditions for WRF, 2) land–atmosphere coupling characteristics, and 3) ambient weather of the coupled LIS–WRF simulations are then assessed. Results show that impacts of soil moisture LDA during the spinup can significantly modify LSM states and fluxes, depending on regime and season. Results also indicate that the use of seasonal cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) is more advantageous compared to the traditional annual CDF bias correction strategies. LDA performs consistently regardless of atmospheric forcing applied, with greater improvements seen when using coarser, global forcing products. Downstream impacts on coupled simulations vary according to the strength of the LDA impact at the initialization, where significant modifications to the soil moisture flux–PBL–ambient weather process chain are observed. Overall, this study demonstrates potential for future, higher-resolution soil moisture assimilation applications in weather and climate research.
Uncritical and unbalanced coverage of synthetic biology in the Nordic press
Authors: Ancillotti Mirko , Holmberg Niklas , Lindfelt Mikael , Eriksson Stefan
Published: October 2015

Synthetic biology will probably have a high impact on a variety of fields, such as healthcare, environment, biofuels, agriculture, and so on. A driving theme in European research policy is the importance of maintaining public legitimacy and support. Media can influence public attitudes and are therefore an important object of study. Through qualitative content analysis, this study investigates the press coverage of synthetic biology in the major Nordic countries between 2009 and 2014. The press coverage was found to be event-driven and there were striking similarities between countries when it comes to framing, language use, and treated themes. Reporters showed a marked dependence on their sources, mainly scientists and stakeholders, who thus drives the media agenda. The media portrayal was very positive, with an optimistic look at future benefits and very little discussion of possible risks.
A step towards the optimization of the indoor luminous environment by genetic algorithms
Authors: Mattoni B. , Gori P. , Bisegna F.
Published: October 2015

Buildings are heavily responsible for energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Increasing their energy efficiency is in the direction of the EU strategies; and this is consistent with EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD 2010/31/EU), 2010. In this view the design and management of daylight and artificial light can play a fundamental role. In this paper, a method to optimize indoor lighting design from energy efficiency, economic and environmental viewpoints is presented. The optimization was developed through the Genetic Algorithms technique and the optimal layout in terms of number, location and mounting heights of luminaires in a generic office room was evaluated. Solutions with different types of light sources, nominal luminous flux and photometric distribution curves were compared and the cost effectiveness of these alternatives was also considered. The systems resulting from the optimization show increased uniformity of illuminance, a reduction of the number of luminaires and a decrease of the maximum UGR values, proving the effectiveness of the technique in the lighting design field. Results show that current methods for lighting design can still be improved to achieve optimal configurations in terms of energy efficiency and cost effectiveness.
The Effect of Gateway Course Completion on Freshman College Student Retention
Authors: Flanders Gordon R.
Published: October 2015

This study measured the rate of retention to the second semester among first-time, full-time freshman college students who attempted a gateway course within their declared major during their first semester of college compared with students who declared a major, completed a course, but not the gateway course in their major and students who did not declare a major and completed any course. The findings in this study suggest that first-time, full-time freshman students who declared a major and successfully completed the gateway course were more likely to persist than students who were unsuccessful with the gateway course or students who declared a major, completed a course, but not the gateway course in their major. To improve retention of first-time, full-time freshman students, the results of this study indicate that changes are warranted in the way students are advised with regard to which courses they should complete in their first semester of college.
Client Experiences With Dietary, Exercise, and Behavioral Services in a Community-Based Weight Management Program
Authors: Zizzi Sam , Kadushin Peter , Michel Jesse , Abildso Christiaan
Published: October 2015

Compared with randomized trials, community-based interventions are delivered by a wider variety of professionals with varied training backgrounds. When evidence-based programs are scaled into larger formats and disseminated to a wider audience, little is understood about how clients experience these interventions. To understand the experience of clients after meetings with nutrition, exercise, and health behavior professionals, researchers surveyed participants after 6 months in a weight management program. A total of 958 participants were recruited in monthly cohorts beginning September 2011 to complete a program evaluation survey. Qualitative inductive analysis was completed on several open-text items querying respondents as to what they found helpful from meetings with a registered dietitian, personal trainer, and health behavior counselor. Results indicate participants benefitted from gaining knowledge, learning new behavioral skills, or from interpersonal interactions. Findings suggest that the various professional services are valued by clients and that professionals appear to stay within their scope of practice. Implications for those working in weight management are discussed.
The gently pull-back technique for neck bypass in treatment of wide-necked internal carotid artery aneurysms: A report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Kacar Emre , Nas Omer F , Kaya Ahmet , Erdogan Cuneyt , Kocaeli Hasan , Hakyemez Bahattin
Published: October 2015

Neck bypass failure in endovascular treatment of wide-necked internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms may adversely affect the technical success of the procedure. We used the gently pull-back technique to bypass the aneurysm neck and access the distal parent artery during endovascular treatment in patients with wide-necked ICA aneurysms. In this technique, a loop was made in the aneurysm and the distal parent artery was reached by using a small diameter microguidewire and a microcatheter. After providing reliable distal access, the microguidewire was removed and the whole system which consists of the microcatheter was gently pulled back. Finally the microcatheter was straightened and the aneurysm neck was passed. After crossing the aneurysm neck, a flow-diverting stent treatment and stent-assisted coiling were performed in three cases with wide-necked ICA aneurysm. The gently pull-back technique is a simple and effective method which requires no extra intravascular device and helps to bypass the aneurysm neck through a small diameter microguidewire and a microcatheter. This technique may be useful for neck aneurysm bypass in endovascular treatment of wide-necked ICA aneurysms.
New scoring methodology improves the sensitivity of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) in clinical trials
Authors: Verma Nishant , Beretvas S. Natasha , Pascual Belen , Masdeu Joseph C. , Markey Mia K. ,   The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2015

Introduction

As currently used, the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) has low sensitivity for measuring Alzheimer’s disease progression in clinical trials. A major reason behind the low sensitivity is its sub-optimal scoring methodology, which can be improved to obtain better sensitivity.

Methods

Using item response theory, we developed a new scoring methodology (ADAS-CogIRT) for the ADAS-Cog, which addresses several major limitations of the current scoring methodology. The sensitivity of the ADAS-CogIRT methodology was evaluated using clinical trial simulations as well as a negative clinical trial, which had shown an evidence of a treatment effect.

Results

The ADAS-Cog was found to measure impairment in three cognitive domains of memory, language, and praxis. The ADAS-CogIRT methodology required significantly fewer patients and shorter trial durations as compared to the current scoring methodology when both were evaluated in simulated clinical trials. When validated on data from a real clinical trial, the ADAS-CogIRT methodology had higher sensitivity than the current scoring methodology in detecting the treatment effect.

Conclusions

The proposed scoring methodology significantly improves the sensitivity of the ADAS-Cog in measuring progression of cognitive impairment in clinical trials focused in the mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease stage. This provides a boost to the efficiency of clinical trials requiring fewer patients and shorter durations for investigating disease-modifying treatments.
Logarithmic abelian varieties, Part IV: Proper models
Authors: Kajiwara Takeshi , Kato Kazuya , Nakayama Chikara
Published: October 2015

This is part IV of our series of articles on log abelian varieties. In this part, we study the algebraic theory of proper models of log abelian varieties.
On modules of finite projective dimension
Authors: Dutta S. P.
Published: October 2015

We address two aspects of finitely generated modules of finite projective dimension over local rings and their connection in between: embeddability and grade of order ideals of minimal generators of syzygies. We provide a solution of the embeddability problem and prove important reductions and special cases of the order ideal conjecture. In particular, we derive that, in any local ringRof mixed characteristicp> 0, wherepis a nonzero divisor, ifIis an ideal of finite projective dimension overRandp𝜖Iorpis a nonzero divisor onR/I, then every minimal generator ofIis a nonzero divisor. Hence, ifPis a prime ideal of finite projective dimension in a local ringR, then every minimal generator ofPis a nonzero divisor inR.
Dach2-Hdac9 signaling regulates reinnervation of muscle endplates
Authors: Macpherson Peter C. D. , Farshi Pershang , Goldman Daniel
Published: October 2015

Muscle denervation due to injury, disease or aging results in impaired motor function. Restoring neuromuscular communication requires axonal re-growth and endplate reinnervation. Muscle activity inhibits the reinnervation of denervated muscle. The mechanism by which muscle activity regulates muscle reinnervation is poorly understood. Dach2 and Hdac9 are activity-regulated transcriptional co-repressors that are highly expressed in innervated muscle and suppressed following muscle denervation. Dach2 and Hdac9 control the expression of endplate-associated genes like those encoding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Here we tested the idea that Dach2 and Hdac9 mediate the effects of muscle activity on muscle reinnervation. Dach2 and Hdac9 were found to act in a collaborative fashion to inhibit reinnervation of denervated mouse skeletal muscle and appear to act, at least in part by inhibiting denervation-dependent induction of Myog and Gdf5 gene expression. Although Dach2 and Hdac9 inhibit Myog and Gdf5 mRNA expression, Myog does not regulate Gdf5 transcription. Thus, Myog and Gdf5 appear to stimulate muscle reinnervation through parallel pathways. These studies suggest that manipulating the Dach2-Hdac9 signaling system and Gdf5 in particular, may be a good approach for enhancing motor function in instances where neuromuscular communication has been disrupted.
Regulation of dendrite growth and maintenance by exocytosis
Authors: Peng Yun , Lee Jiae , Rowland Kimberly , Wen Yuhui , Hua Hope , Carlson Nicole , Lavania Shweta , Parrish Jay Z. , Kim Michael D.
Published: October 2015

Dendrites lengthen by several orders of magnitude during neuronal development, but how membrane is allocated in dendrites to facilitate this growth remains unclear. Here, we report that Ras opposite (Rop), the Drosophila ortholog of the key exocytosis regulator Munc18-1, is an essential factor mediating dendrite growth. Neurons with depleted Rop function exhibit reduced terminal dendrite outgrowth followed by primary dendrite degeneration, suggestive of differential requirements for exocytosis in the growth and maintenance of different dendritic compartments. Rop promotes dendrite growth together with the exocyst, an octameric protein complex involved in tethering vesicles to the plasma membrane, with Rop-exocyst complexes and exocytosis predominating in primary dendrites over terminal dendrites. By contrast, membrane-associated proteins readily diffuse from primary dendrites into terminals, but not in the reverse direction, suggesting that diffusion, rather than targeted exocytosis, supplies membranous material for terminal dendritic growth, revealing key differences in the distribution of materials to these expanding dendritic compartments.
Epigenetic and microRNA regulation during osteoarthritis development
Authors: Chen Di , Shen Jie , Hui Tianqian
Published: October 2015

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease, the pathological mechanism of which is currently unknown. Genetic alteration is one of the key contributing factors for OA pathology. Recent evidence suggests that epigenetic and microRNA regulation of critical genes may contribute to OA development. In this article, we review the epigenetic and microRNA regulations of genes related to OA development. Potential therapeutic strategies may be developed on the basis of novel findings.
Frequent difficulties in the treatment of restless legs syndrome – case report and literature review
Authors: Narowska Dominika , Bożek Milena , Krysiak Katarzyna , Antczak Jakub , Holka-Pokorska Justyna , Jernajczyk Wojciech , Wichniak Adam
Published: October 2015

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Statistical and Optimization Techniques for Laundry Portfolio Optimization at Procter & Gamble
Authors: Esquejo Nats , Miller Kevin , Norwood Kevin , Oliveira Ivan , Pratt Rob , Zhao Ming
Published: October 2015

The Procter & Gamble (P&G) fabric-care business is a multibillion dollar organization that oversees a global portfolio of products, including household brands such as Tide, Dash, and Gain. Production is impacted by a steady stream of reformulation modifications, imposed by new-product innovation and constantly changing material supply conditions. In this paper, we describe the creation and application of a novel analytical framework that has helped P&G determine the ingredient levels and product and process architectures that enable the company to create some of the world’s best laundry products. Modeling cleaning performance and other key properties such as density required P&G to develop innovative quantitative techniques based on visual statistical tools. It used advanced mathematical programming methods to address challenges that the manufacturing process imposed, product performance requirements, and physical constraints, which collectively result in a hard mixed-integer nonlinear (nonconvex) optimization problem. We describe how P&G applied our framework in its North American market to identify a strategy that improves the performance of its laundry products, provides targeted consumer benefits, and enables cost savings in the order of millions of dollars.
Airline Crew Augmentation: Decades of Improvements from Sabre
Authors: Luo Xiaodong , Dashora Yogesh , Shaw Tina
Published: October 2015

The objectives of the airline crew-planning process are to allocate crews to flights and create work schedules for crew members. Most airlines solve their crew-planning problem in two steps. The first step, crew pairing, is to generate optimized, anonymous pairings that cover given flight schedules. In the second step, the resulting pairings are assigned to crew members. The general pairing problem is complex because flights may require an augmented crew for safety reasons. A flight’s crew-augmentation requirement varies, depending on the characteristics of the pairings that cover it. Furthermore, airlines often impose rules to govern the coverage of a flight by different pairings. Common approaches to the problem either fix the crew-augmentation requirement a priori, or add restrictions on how the augmentation requirement is satisfied. Crew augmentation is often overlooked from an optimization perspective because of the complexities involved. The Sabre® long-haul pairing optimizer explicitly models many types of crew-augmentation processes and simultaneously considers the relevant ranks of all members within the cockpit crew. It uses state-of-the-art large-scale optimization techniques, such as branch and price, to solve the problem. In this article, we introduce the long-haul pairing optimizer that Sabre developed in the mid-1990s, and share the evolution of the models and solution algorithms for the general crew-pairing problem with augmentation. We also compare our approach with four conventional approaches to show that we can effectively solve the general crew-augmentation problem and provide significant crew cost savings to airlines.
Introduction: 2014 Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in Operations Research Practice
Authors: Butler C. Allen , Robinson Randall S.
Published: October 2015

Competition for the 2014 Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in Operations Research Practice provided the six finalist papers featured in this special issue of Interfaces. The prestigious Wagner Prize—awarded for achievement in implemented operations research and advanced analytics—emphasizes quality and originality of mathematical models and clarity of written and oral exposition. Researchers from MIT, Duke University, Cornell University, and the client organization, Ford Motor Company, won the competition for the design and successful implementation of a novel risk-exposure model that more accurately assesses the impact of potential major disruptions originating anywhere in the firm’s supply chain. The remaining finalist papers describe work to improve funding of new-product-development projects, assignment of airline pilots, organization and management of emergency vaccination facilities during a pandemic, reformulation of laundry products, and allocation of deceased-donated livers to transplant patients.
Relevance of components of Investment Model and some variables in close relationships with high and low self-monitoring
Yakın ilişkilerde Yatırım Modeli unsurlarının ve bazı değişkenlerin yüksek ve düşük izlenim ayarlamacılığı ile ilgisi
Authors: Aslan Yılmaz Hanzade , Hovardaoğlu Selim
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between some variables related to close relationships (expectation of the relationship duration, loyalty to the relation, finding the partner attractive, evaluating the quality of the relationship positively, having issues in the relationship, reliance on the relationship, the wish that she/he had never started the relationship, finding the relationship important, happiness with the partner) and the components of Investment Model (relationship satisfaction, quality of alternatives, relationship investment) with self-monitoring which is a variable related to the self concept. For this aim, married or not, 472 participants which have a romantic relationship, completed a personal information form, Snyder’s Self-monitoring Scale (Bacanlı, 1990; Snyder, 1974) and Relationship Stability Scale (Büyükşahin, Hasta,& Hovardaoğlu, 2005; Rusbult, Martz, &Agnew,1998). A logistic regression is conducted to investigate whether the components of Investment Model are relevant to any self-monitoring groups (high self-monitoring or low self-monitoring). Results indicated that quality of alternatives (positively) and having issues in the relationship (negatively) are related to high self-monitoring. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical approaches.

 

Özet

Bu araştırmada yakın ilişkilerle ilgili bazı değişkenlerin (ilişki süresine ilişkin beklenti, ilişkiye bağlılık, partneri çekici bulmak, ilişkinin niteliğini olumlu değerlendirmek, ilişkide sorun yaşamak, ilişkide güvende hissetmek, ilişkiye hiç başlamamış olmayı istemek, ilişkiyi önemli bulmak, partnerle mutluluk) ve Yatırım Modeli’nin (Investment Model) unsurları (ilişki doyumu, seçeneklerin niteliğinin değerlendirme, ilişki yatırımı) ile benlik kavramıyla ilişkili izlenim ayarlamacılığı (self-monitoring) değişkeninin ilgili olup olmadığının test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, (evli ya da evli olmayan) bir romantik ilişkisi bulunan 472 kişiye kişisel bilgi formu, Kendini Ayarlama Ölçeği (Bacanlı, 1990; Snyder, 1974) ve İlişki İstikrarı Ölçeği (Büyükşahin, Hasta ve Hovardaoğlu, 2005; Rusbult, Martz ve Agnew,1998) uygulanmıştır. Yapılan lojistik regresyon analizi ile araştırma kapsamında ele alınan ve yakın ilişkilerle ilgili değişkenlerin ve Yatırım Modeli unsurlarının yüksek ya da düşük izlenim ayarlamacılığı gruplarından herhangi biriyle ilgili olup olmadığı test edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda seçeneklerin niteliğini değerlendirme (pozitif olarak) ve ilişkide sorun yaşama  (negatif olarak) değişkenlerinin yüksek izlenim ayarlamacılığı ile ilgili olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar kuramsal yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws. A Severe Side Effect of Bisphosphonate Therapy
Authors: Janovská Zuzana
Published: October 2015

Bisphosphonates (BP) are potent inhibitors of bone resorption used mainly in the treatment of metastatic bone disease and osteoporosis. By inhibiting bone resorption, they prevent complications as pathological fracture, pain, tumor-induced hypercalcemia. Even though patient’s benefit of BP therapy is huge, various side effects may develop. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) is among the most serious ones. Oncologic patients receiving high doses of BP intravenously are at high risk of BRONJ development. BPs impair bone turnover leading to compromised bone healing which may result in the exposure of necrotic bone in the oral cavity frequently following tooth extraction or trauma of the oral mucosa. Frank bone exposure may be complicated by secondary infection leading to osteomyelitis development with various symptoms and radiological findings. In the management of BRONJ, conservative therapy aiming to reduce the symptoms plays the main role. In patients with extensive bone involvement resective surgery may lead to complete recovery, provided that the procedure is correctly indicated. Since the treatment of BRONJ is difficult, prevention is the main goal. Therefore in high risk patients dental preventive measures should be taken prior to bisphosphonate administration. This requires adequate communication between the prescribing physician, the patient and the dentist.
Human Papillomavirus Genotype Spectrum in Studied Group of Montenegrin Women
Authors: Vujošević Danijela , Vuksanović Vineta , Poljak Mario , Jokmanović Nebojša
Published: October 2015

The risk of high-grade lesions and carcinoma is known to correlate with specific high-risk HPV genotypes. The distribution of HPV types varies between countries and little is known about HPV distribution in our country. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the range and frequency of HPV genotypes in studied group of women in Montenegro. HPV genotypes were determined using the method of enzyme restriction of PCR products amplified with group-specific primers MY09/MY11 and restricted with seven different restriction endonucleases. Out of the total number of women HPV infection was found in 1/5 of participants (20%). Genotyping performed in HPV DNA positive women shows that the HPV genotype 16 is dominant and present in more than 1/3 of the participants (36.8%). The second most frequent HPV infection is with HPV genotype 58 and it is found in 10.5% of participants. HPV 31 and HPV 6 infections are present in 7.9% of women, while infections with other genotypes were demonstrated individually by 2.6%. Multiple HPV infection was demonstrated in 18.4% and they are dominant in younger women (aged 25 to 30 years).
Intra-aortic balloon occlusion without fluoroscopy for life-threating post-partum hemorrhage
Authors: Yamashita Yuka , Kawashima Akihiro , Hasegawa Junichi , Oba Tomohiro , Nakamura Masamitsu , Yamashita Tomoyuki , Miyake Yasufumi , Sekizawa Akihiko
Published: October 2015

The use of intra-aortic balloon occlusion (IABO) could be effective in achieving the quick control of bleeding in emergency settings and in supporting the provision of safe radical treatment through resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA). We herein report our experience of a patient with life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section who was successfully treated by hysterectomy with IABO without fluoroscopy. We believe that this procedure is very useful and safe, and that it should be considered as one of methods for controlling bleeding in patients with life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage.
CYP2D6 in Amerindians from Southern Mexico: low variability and higher frequency of functional alleles
Authors: Perez-Paramo Yadira X. , Hernandez-Cabrera Francisco , Rojas-Martinez Augusto , Ortiz-Lopez Rocio
Published: October 2015

Background: Several functional and nonfunctional CYP2D6 variants have been associated with interindividual and interethnic variability in pharmacological responses. The aim of this article was to study the diversity and the interpopulation relationships of CYP2D6 variants of south Native Mexicans to define predicted phenotypes.

Contents: A fully systematic review of CYP2D6 variants reported in Amerindian populations before 2015 was performed (NCBI, Google Scholar, and 1000 Genomes Project databases). Allele data were analyzed by methods such as heat map, dissimilarity matrix, dendogram, and principal component analysis using complete-linkage clustering method. Five original studies on CYP2D6 covering 13 Native Mexican populations were identified; three of these described CYP2D6 allele frequencies were in south Native Mexican populations. Overall, CYP2D6 allele variability is scarce in southern Native Mexican populations: besides the functional alleles *1 and *2 and the null variant *4, the other variants have frequencies <0.05. This implies that most of the southern Native Mexican populations may be considered CYP2D6 extended metabolizers. The statistical analyses tend to cluster the native communities by their geographical origin, but in a disperse pattern suggesting distinct subpopulation structures.

Conclusions:
CYP2D6 functional variants are prevalent in Native Mexicans, and they may be predicted as extended drug metabolizers. In addition, allele frequencies are related to the geographic distribution of the Amerindian groups and display important population stratification.
Elucidation of LCC bonding sites via γ-TTSA lignin degradation: crude milled wood lignin (MWL) from Eucalyptus globulus for enrichment of lignin xylan linkages and their HSQC-NMR characterization
Authors: Ando Daisuke , Nakatsubo Fumiaki , Takano Toshiyuki , Yano Hiroyuki
Published: October 2015

The selective lignin degradation in a LCC was proceeded with the γ-TTSA method, which is a selective cleavage method for β-O-4 linkages in lignins, in order to obtain more precise information concerning LCC bonding sites. To this purpose, crude MWL from Eucalyptus globulus, containing lignin and xylan, was treated by the γ-TTSA method. This approach consists of four steps: (1) γ-tosylation, (2) thioetherification, (3) sulfonylation, and (4) mild alkali treatment. The degradation products were extracted consecutively with Et2O, EtOAc, and THF for the lignin removal, and thus the residue was enriched in LCCs. The residue was characterized by HSQC-NMR. Results indicated that the residue contained xylan and β-β substructures, although lignin was degraded. It can be concluded that the β-β substructures play an important role in the bonding sites between lignin and xylan of Eucalyptus globulus.
Developing a System for Converting a Numeral Text into a Digit Number: Abacus Application
Authors: Alkhateeb Faisal , Barhoush Malek , Al-Abdallah Elham
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we will present a novel and the first approach to transforming written Arabic numeral word format into a string of digits according to proposed Arabic numeral rules. In this work, we relied mainly on the Arabic stemmer to determine the digit number, where we proposed a set of stems for the main numbers. The proposed approach covers all problems associated with Arabic numeral texts, including different numeral word shapes and unordered sentences. That is, a textual number could be written in more than one format; moreover, we deal with Arabic accents. In addition, we propose to deal with simple spelling errors and using similarities to find the nearest correct word. The proposed approach covers all possible text numbers in the range of one to millions. Tests have been executed using a possible case from context numeral in the range above, and the experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed approach is promising in the sense that it provides an efficient and error-free transformation. Finally, we built an Android mobile-based application that uses the proposed approach to transform between three different formats: digits, numeral texts, and Abacus.
Using Mobile Devices to Engage Students in Evolutionary Thinking
Authors: Lysne Steven J. , Miller Brant G.
Published: October 2015

We used personal mobile electronic devices (PMEDs) to engage students in a lesson to support evolutionary thinking in an undergraduate biology course. Community-college students enrolled in Biodiversity & Evolution, a core majors biology course, met for an optional field trip at the University of Idaho's McCall Outdoor Science School (MOSS) in central Idaho during the summer of 2014. Ten students participated in the classroom and outdoor activities. Students were provided with directions and objectives for the lesson, and students’ own PMEDs were used to capture images of the community of organisms in and around the outdoor campus. After returning from the field, students analyzed their digital data in the context of morphological similarities and differences to construct a phylogenetic hypothesis for the relationships of the organisms observed. Students’ comments were solicited regarding the activity, and feedback was generally positive. From the teachers’ perspective, students appeared highly engaged and the novel method was a success. We discuss the theoretical basis for using PMEDs and provide a detailed lesson plan.
The Luria-Delbrück Fluctuation Test as a Classroom Investigation in Darwinian Evolution
Authors: Smith George P. , Golomb Miriam , Billstein Sidney K. , Smith Stephen Montgomery
Published: October 2015

Microbial cultures swiftly adapt to lethal agents such as antibiotics or viruses by acquiring resistance mutations. Does this remarkable adaptability require a Lamarckian explanation, whereby the agent specifically directs resistance mutations? Soon after the question arose, Luria and Delbrück devised a clever experiment, the fluctuation test, that answered this question in the negative: microbial adaptation, they showed, is entirely consistent with a Darwinian explanation. Their 1943 article is a classic of biology literature, with practical and theoretical implications that continue to expand today. Implementing an updated fluctuation test in a college teaching lab provides a simple experimental setting in which beginning students learn to apply basic principles of evolutionary biology and scientific reasoning, while gaining hands-on experience in core technical advances of contemporary life science.
Uso y competición por plantas alimenticias entre Pithecia aequatorialis (Primates: Pitheciidae) y otros animales en la Amazonía peruana
Authors: Charpentier Elvis J. Charpentier J. , García Gabriel , Aquino Rolando
Published: October 2015

En este reporte proporcionamos información sobre plantas alimenticias del huapo negro (Pithecia aequatorialis) y sus competidores en bosque de altura de la microcuenca del río Itaya, Amazonía peruana. De mayo a noviembre del 2009 y de enero a abril del 2010 seguimos silenciosamente a dos grupos familiares con el propósito de registrar las plantas cuyos frutos forman parte de su dieta. Durante los contactos tuvimos 90 eventos alimenticios en 48 especies de plantas agrupadas en 24 familias. De ellas, 36 habitan en bosque de colina baja y el resto en bosque de terraza alta. La mayor diversidad de plantas alimenticias está agrupada en siete familias que en conjunto representaron el 60.4%, sobresaliendo entre ellas las familias Moraceae (8 especies), Fabaceae (6 especies) y Annonaceae (4 especies). Los frutos en su mayoría fueron consumidos en estado maduro, siendo el mesocarpio el más apreciado (40%). Entre los mamíferos, siete de los competidores fueron primates, siendo el principal el pichico pardo (Saguinus lagonotus) y entre las aves el tucán de cuello blanco (Ramphastos tucanus). Finalmente, los frutos de Pseudolmedia laevigata (Moraceae) fueron los más preferidos por los competidores (7 especies de mamíferos y 2 de aves).
Perlindungan Indikasi Geografis Dalam Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) Melalui Ratifikasi Perjanjian Lisabon
Authors: Rahmatullah Indra
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Protection of Indication Geography in Property Intellectual Rights through The Ratification of Lisabon Agreement. Property Rights Intellectual property rights are one of the factors to increase the economic development in a country. The diversity of these rights depends on state ability in optimizing its property rights. As a rich natural resources country, Indonesia need to create Indication Geographic Rights to give maximum contribution to economy development. For that reason, Indonesia need to ratify international convention that is Lisbon Agreement which is specifically regulate Indication Geographic Rights. Abstraksi: Perlindungan Indikasi Geografis Dalam Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) Melalui Ratifikasi Perjanjian Lisabon. Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) merupakan salah satu faktor bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi di suatu negara. Jenisj enis tertentu dari HKI tersebut bergantung dari kemampuan negara tertentu dalam mengoptimalkan HKI-nya. Indonesia yang kaya akan sumber daya alam patut mendorong jenis HKI-nya yaitu indikasi geografis untuk memberikan kontribusi yang maksimal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, Indonesia harus meratifikasi hukum internasional yakni Perjanjian Lisabon yang spesifik mengatur indikasi geografisnya. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i2.1470
Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase Nasional Oleh Pengadilan Negeri
Authors: Andriansyah Muhammad
Published: October 2015

Abstract: The National Arbitration Award Cancellation By Court. Article 70 of Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, stating that the award can only be canceled if it is thought to contain elements of letter/false documents, or documents found hidden by the other party, or a decision that is taken from the results of deceit trick performed by one of the parties in the dispute. To prove whether or not one of the above three elements must be proved by a court decision. If the District Court stated that the reasons are evident, then the arbitration award may be canceled, if not proven, the Court should reject the application for cancellation of the arbitration decision. But in practice, there is still the District Court received the request for cancellation of arbitration outside the context of Article 70 of Law No. 30 of 1999 as stated in the South Jakarta District Court. Abstrak: Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase Nasional Oleh Pengadilan Negeri. Pasal 70 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa, menyatakan bahwa putusan arbitrase hanya dapat dibatalkan jika diduga mengandung unsur-unsur surat/dokumen palsu, atau ditemukan dokumen yang disembunyikan oleh pihak lawan, atau putusan yang diambil dari hasil tipu muslihat yang dilakukan oleh salah satu pihak dalam pemeriksaan sengketa. Untuk membuktikan ada atau tidaknya salah satu dari tiga unsur diatas harus dibuktikan dengan putusan pengadilan. Apabila Pengadilan Negeri menyatakan bahwa alasan-alasan tersebut terbukti, maka putusan arbitrase dapat dibatalkan, apabila tidak terbukti, maka Pengadilan Negeri harus menolak permohonan pembatalan putusan arbitrase. Akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya, Pengadilan Negeri masih ada yang menerima permohonan pembatalan arbitrase di luar konteks pasal 70 Undang-Undang No 30 Tahun 1999 sebagaimana tertuang dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Jakarta Selatan. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i2.1472
Ensuring the Health of Children in Disasters
Authors:   DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ADVISORY COUNCIL,   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Krug Steven E. , Chung Sarita , Fagbuyi Daniel B. , Fisher Margaret C. , Schonfeld David J. , Shook Joan E. , Chun Thomas H. , Conners Gregory P. , MBA MD MPH , Conway Edward E. , Dudley Nanette Christine , Fuchs Susan M. , Lane Natalie Edith , Macias Charles G. , MPH MD , Moore Brian R.
Published: October 2015

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed April 2021.

Infants, children, adolescents, and young adults have unique physical, mental, behavioral, developmental, communication, therapeutic, and social needs that must be addressed and met in all aspects of disaster preparedness, response, and recovery. Pediatricians, including primary care pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists, and pediatric surgical specialists, have key roles to play in preparing and treating families in cases of disasters. Pediatricians should attend to the continuity of practice operations to provide services in time of need and stay abreast of disaster and public health developments to be active participants in community planning efforts. Federal, state, tribal, local, and regional institutions and agencies that serve children should collaborate with pediatricians to ensure the health and well-being of children in disasters.
Editorial
Authors: González Argüello Ronald
Published: October 2015

Los inicios son expectantes, emocionantes y llenos de ilusión al ver parte del trabajo culminado, digo parte, pues para la Revista Médica de la Universidad de Costa Rica es solo su comienzo y, con el apoyo de todos esperamos seguir creciendo y lograr un lugar preponderante, así como prestar un servicio que sea de utilidad para la comunidad médica nacional. Por esta razón los invito a enviar sugerencias, artículos o cartas de opinión. Si se tiene interés por que se publique o se investigue sobre un tema particular también estamos abiertos a las solicitudes.
Changes in the spatial pattern of net earnings: Evidence from Serbia
Authors: Stankov Uglješa , Dragićević Vanja
Published: October 2015

Spatial autocorrelation analysis is an important method that can reveal the structure and patterns of economic spatial variables. It can be used to identify not only global spatial patterns in the country, but also characteristic locations at micro levels. In this research, we used spatial autocorrelation methodologies, including Global Moran’s I and Local Getis—Ord Gi statistics to identify the intensity of the spatial clustering of municipalities in Serbia by the level of average monthly net earnings from 2001 to 2010. We identified and mapped local clusters (hot and cold spots) by the level of average monthly net earnings for the same period. The results show that overall spatial segregation between municipalities with high and low average monthly net earnings was predominantly increasing during the investigated period. Local statistics illustrated that overall spatial segregation followed a broad north—south divide, with a concentration of municipalities with high net earnings in the north of Serbia, and low net earnings in the south. Closer inspection showed that at the beginning of the study period, there were three statistically significant hot spots in the north. As time passed, only one highly clustered hot spot remained — the Belgrade region. One cold spot retained a relatively stable position in the country’s southeast. This research shows that spatial changes of net earnings can be successfully studied with respect to statistically significant global and local spatial associations in the variables using spatial autocorrelation analysis.
Business models along supply chain position and servitisation: An empirical investigation of European manufacturers
Authors: Szász Levente , Demeter Krisztina
Published: October 2015

Competitive pressures of the world economy are continuously reshaping the global supply chains of manufacturing firms. At the same time, global competition is altering the nature of output offered by manufacturers, shifting it towards a higher share of service elements. The goal of this paper is to investigate how these two factors are combined, using a sample of manufacturing companies from 13 European countries belonging to the assembly industries of fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment. The results indicate that different business models became dominant in the less developed Eastern European and the developed Western European region. Involving measures of business performance and reasons for plant location, this study also argues that in terms of service offerings and supply chain position, other types of business models can coexist and successfully prevail in the two regions.
Egyre gyakoribbá váló megbetegedés: pulmonalis dirofilariasis
Authors: Kiss Béla , Bátor Győző , Tolvaj Balázs , Kecskés László István
Published: October 2015

Absztrakt

Az éghajlatváltozás következtében terjedőben lévő zoonozissal, dirofilariasissal
(szív- vagy fonálférgesség) a jövőben minden bizonnyal gyakrabban találkoznak
kollégák a humán egészségügyben. Esetünk kapcsán hívjuk fel a figyelmet az egyre
többször differenciáldiagnosztikai problémákat is okozó fonálférgekre.
Perifériás kerek árnyék miatt – malignus tumor gyanújával – operáltuk
betegünket, a hisztológiai vizsgálat dirofilariasist igazolt.
Prawa pracownicze w stanach nadzwyczajnych
Authors: Mędrala Małgorzata
Published: October 2015

The subject of this study is issues related to employee rights during states requiring extraordinary measures, such as martial law, a state of emergency or a state of natural disaster. The legislature permits a situation in which some fundamental employee rights are limited, such as the right to strike, freedom to work, the right to safe and hygienic conditions of work, and the right to rest. The Author estimates if and to what extent regulations that limit some employee rights fulfill functional needs from the perspective of the State's needs and limits on human and citizen rights.
Antropologia elementarna Arnolda Gehlena
Authors: Kusak Leszek
Published: October 2015

Of a historical and comparative character, this article's basic aim is to reconstruct the main principles of the somewhat forgotten philosophical anthropology of Arnold Gehlen. Some of the principles were derived from the works of J. G. Herder (man as Mängelwesen), F. Nietzsche (man as nicht festgestellte Tier), and M. Scheler (man's "openness" to the world). The majority of the proposed theses, however, were Gehlen's own (the idea of "unburdening", man as Kulturwesen, tradition as a life-stabilising force). Apart from its strengths, Gehlen's anthropology has some weaknesses (biologistic metaphysics, attaching excessive significance to the outdated conception of "a deficient being", blurring the boundaries between the philosophical method and the scientific method). They are the subject of discussions carried out both by scientists conducting empirical research on man and by experts on the philosophy of man, as well as being the subject of my own interest.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Rekomendasi Penerima Beasiswa Menggunakan Fuzzy Multi Attribut Decision Making (FMADM) dan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)
Authors: Surya Candra
Published: October 2015

Abstrak-Beasiswa adalah pemberian berupa bantuan keuangan yang diberikan kepada perorangan, mahasiswa atau pelajar. Namun sering kali dalam pendistribusian beasiswa tersebut tidak tepat sasaran. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemberi beasiswa belum menggunakan alat bantu atau metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan penerima beasiswa. Untuk itu dirancang suatu sistem dalam menentukan penerima beasiswa dengan menggunakan metode Fuzzy Multi Decision Making (FMADM) dan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Metode FMADM digunakan untuk mencari alternatif dari sejumlah alternatif dengan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Sedangkan Metode SAW digunakan untuk merangking dari alternatif yang ada. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu dalam mengambil keputusan untuk merekomendasikan penerima beasiswa.
PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA DAS INTERVENÇÕES EXTERNAS EM CONFLITOS ARMADOS CIVIS
Authors: Campos de Carvalho Daniel , Jarochinski Silva João Carlos
Published: October 2015

O presente texto tem como objetivo apresentar uma breve análise histórica da reflexão e tratamento dedicados às intervenções externas em conflitos civis. Para tanto, este artigo se inicia pela caracterização da noção de guerra civil com referência inicial ao pensamento de Hobbes, Maquiavel e Vattel e a discussão da evolução do tema na prática do período entre o século XVIII e a 2ª Guerra Mundial. A partir de então, há o debate sobre o papel dos Direitos Humanos e da atuação contemporânea do Conselho de Segurança em casos envolvendo conflitos civis – momento sucedido pela síntese dos principais desafios atuais da temática.
PRÁTICA EM GEOGRAFIA NO ENSINO MÉDIO E SUAS NOVAS METODOLOGIAS: ESCOLA ESTADUAL AMÉRICA SARMENTO RIBEIRO ATRAVÉS DO PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO À DOCÊNCIA (PIBID) EM BOA VISTA – RORAIMA.
Authors: Lima Nascimento Francisleile , Dos Reis Guterres Luís Fernando
Published: October 2015

A prática de ensino e suas novas metodologias fazem parte de um processo de aprendizagem, seno assim esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mostrar como os alunos do ensino médio regular veem a disciplina de Geografia e sua importância através das ações desenvolvidas pelos acadêmicos da Universidade Estadual de Roraima – UERR que fazem parte do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID, na Escola Estadual América Sarmento Ribeiro – Boa Vista/RR. O público – alvo deste trabalho foram os alunos do ensino médio regular nas turmas de 1º, 2º e 3º grau no período vespertino. A escola localiza-se na Zona Oeste, na Av. Raimundo Rodrigues Coelho, s/n, bairro Senador Hélio Campos na cidade de Boa Vista/RR. Os dados foram coletados no período de abril de 2012, os resultados foram avaliados de forma qualiquantitativo que trouxeram pontos positivos e negativos, descrevendo quais as práticas foram utilizadas para que o resultado fosse satisfatório no desempenho e no interesse por parte dos alunos sobre o programa.