bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the performance of a DOI-capable TOF-PET module using different SiPMs, customized and commercial readout electronics
Authors: Terragni Giulia , Nadig Vanessa , Tribbia Elena , di Gangi Stefano , Toumparidou Ekaterini , Meyer Thomas , Marton Johann , Schulz Volkmar , Gundacker Stefan , Pizzichemi Marco , Auffray Etiennette
Published: December 2024

Objective. Time resolution is crucial in positron emission tomography (PET) to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and image quality. Moreover, high sensitivity requires long scintillators, which can cause distortions in the reconstructed images due to parallax effects. This study evaluates the performance of a time-of-flight (TOF)-PET module that makes use of a single-side readout of a

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silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and a light guide to extract high-resolution TOF and depth of interaction (DOI) information. Approach. This study assesses the performance of the detector prototype using the commercially available TOFPET2 ASIC and SiPMs from various producers. DOI and TOF performance are compared to results using custom-made NINO 32-chip based electronics. Main results. Using a Broadcom NUV-MT array, the detector module read out by the TOFPET2 ASIC demonstrates a DOI resolution of 2.6 ± 0.2 mm full width at half maximum (FWHM) and a coincidence time resolution (CTR) of 216 ± 6 ps FWHM. When read out using the NINO 32-chip based electronics, the same module achieves a DOI resolution of 2.5 ± 0.2 mm and a CTR of 170 ± 5 ps. Significance. The prototype module, read out by commercial electronics and using state-of-the-art SiPMs, achieves a DOI performance comparable to that obtained with custom-made electronics and a CTR of around 200 ps. This approach is scalable to thousands of channels, with only a deterioration in timing resolution compared to the custom-made electronics, which achieve a CTR of 140 ps using a standard non-DOI module.
A DFT-based insight into the mechanical, structural, thermoelectric and optoelectronic attributes of Cs2YCuX6 (X=Br, I) double perovskites for green energies
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Munir Junaid , Ain Quratul , Aldwayyan Abdullah S. , Ghaithan Hamid , Ali Ahmed Abdullah Ahmed , Qaid Saif M H
Published: December 2024

Halide perovskite structures have bandgap tunability and are environmentally neutral, making them useful for future studies. In this current manuscript, we have theoretically investigated the physical traits of Cs2YCuX6 (X=Br, I) using the FP-LAPW technique embedded in Wien2K simulations. Both compounds exhibits thermodynamically, dynamic and structural stability confirmed through formation energies, phonon and volume optimization curves. Isotropic nature is reveled for Cs2YCuBr6, while anisotropic behavior is observed for Cs2YCuI6. The mechanical properties further disclose that these materials are ductile. For Cs2YCuBr6 and Cs2YCuI6, the electronic characteristics reveal indirect band gaps of 2.37 eV and 2.16 eV, respectively. The addition SOC effect leads to a small impact on the electronic structure of these halides. The ultraviolet area is where materials absorb most light, indicating their potential for use in UV-based optoelectronic devices. The examined transport characteristics depict the high ZT values of 0.75 and 0.77 for Cs2YCuBr6 and Cs2YCuI6, respectively. This study emphasizes the potential of Cs₂YCuX₆ (X=Br, I) for high-performance ultraviolet optoelectronic devices and thermoelectric applications, rendering them interesting options for renewable energy technology.
Fabrication and acoustic absorption properties of electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membranes
Authors: Huang Chenyan , Liu Yalong , Yang Shu , Xiang Hongming , Jin Ying , Cao Saihong , Chen Kaikai
Published: December 2024

As noise pollution becomes an increasingly important environmental issue, the development of advanced materials for noise reduction has attracted widespread attention. Nanofiber membranes, due to their high specific surface area, low density, and unique porous structure, exhibit excellent sound absorption performance, especially in the mid-to-low frequency range. In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes with different mass fractions were fabricated using the electrospinning technique to investigate their sound absorption properties. The acoustic characteristics of the nanofiber membranes were analyzed through experiments and COMSOL simulation. The results showed that the resonant absorption frequency shifted towards lower frequencies with the increase in cavity size. The PAN nanofiber membranes with an 18% mass fraction exhibited the highest porosity due to its unique structure, resulting in an excellent sound absorption coefficient at the same thickness and good mechanical properties. Therefore, the 18% PAN nanofiber membranes is considered a promising material for noise reduction in practical applications.
Acetone sensitivity and quantum capacitance of novel modified TiO2 nanosheet: A DFT investigation
Authors: Khan Z R , Shahzad Khan Md , Abbas Zaheer , Alshammari Abdullah S , Bouzidi M , Mohamed Mansour
Published: December 2024

Despite being relatively new to 2D nanoworld, TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2NS) are rapidly gaining prominence as highly effective materials for chemical sensor, photocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage. In this study, the potential of density functional theory employ to thoroughly investigate how defects and dopants influence the physical properties of TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2NS). Our research aims to reveal the fascinating interactions that occur between both pristine and defective lepidocrocite-type TiO2 nanosheets when exposed to acetone molecules. Furthermore, we are eager to explore the compelling concept of quantum capacitance in the defected and doped nanosheets, opening new avenues for innovation in material science. The TiO2NS having an energy band gap of 3.48 eV, exhibits new impurity state near the Fermi level on incorporation of oxygen or titanium vacancy (OV or TiV). These states in the OV(1)/TiV(3)- TiO2NS play an important role in holding acetone molecules with adsorption energies (Eads) of −2.37 eV/–1.83 eV. Various electronic analyses, including Mulliken population, inter-frontier orbital, and electron difference density (EDD) plots, all point to an apparent dispersion of electronic charge from acetone to the OV(1)/TiV(3)-TiO2NS. Contrary to these findings the pristine and OV(2)-TiO2 nanosheets weakly hold the acetone molecule. Engineering the surface morphology of TiO2NS either by creating OV/TiV defect or N/Sc/V doping results in robust quantum capacitance appearing in the electrolytic range of −1.00 V to 1.00 V. Titanium deficient TiO2NS has wide spread large CQ spectra with CQmax and Qmax of 1198 μF cm−2 and 512 μC cm−2; respectively. The OV(1)/OV(2)- TiO2NS shows low intense CQ peaks in negative voltage region. Doping with N, Sc, and V has a profound impact on the quantum capacitance of TiO2NS. In particular, Sc doping introduces remarkable CQ spectra in the positive region. This demonstrates that defected and doped TiO2NS holds great promise for applications in acetone sensing and energy storage devices.
Optimized orthogonal transformed CKF and its application in initial alignment
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: December 2024

The paper first analyzes the impact of nonlocal sampling problem on the high order estimation errors of sigma point filter. Then, we introduce that how TCKF reduces the impact of nonlocal sampling on filtering by introducing orthogonal matrices to sigma points generating framework, thus improving the estimation accuracy of high order terms. In order to further reduce the high order estimation errors of CKF, an orthogonal matrix cluster and PSO optimization algorithm are introduced in this paper. By minimizing the coefficients of the 4-th order terms of the Taylor series of state estimation, the optimized orthogonal matrix is obtained, and then the improved TCKF algorithm is proposed. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated through simulation experiments and turntable initial alignment experiment. The method proposed in this paper has good generality for 2nd order and above sigma point filtering algorithm.
Research on the movement pattern and kinematic model of the hindlegs of the water boatman
Authors: Shi Shuai , Yang Fuchun , Fan Shulong , Xu Zhuang
Published: December 2024

The special hindleg structure and swimming setae of a water boatman give it a high degree of maneuverability, which plays an important role in swimming. This paper used a high-speed photography platform to extract key points from videos, obtaining the forward and turning movement patterns of the water boatman’s hindlegs, as well as the transformation patterns of the setae. A Fourier series was used to establish the movement models of each hindleg joint, and a kinematic model of the hindlegs was established to study the continuous movement characteristics of the hindlegs. This paper provides basic data and theoretical support for the design of underwater bio-inspired robots.
Wing inertia influences the phase and amplitude relationships between thorax deformation and flapping angle in bumblebees
Authors: Cote Braden , Casey Cailin , Jankauski Mark
Published: December 2024

Flying insects have a robust flight system that allows them to fly even when their forewings are damaged. The insect must adjust wingbeat kinematics to aerodynamically compensate for the loss of wing area. However, the mechanisms that allow insects with asynchronous flight muscle to adapt to wing damage are not well understood. Here, we investigated the phase and amplitude relationships between thorax deformation and flapping angle in tethered flying bumblebees subject to wing clipping and weighting. We used synchronized laser vibrometry and high-speed videography to measure thorax deformation and flapping angle, respectively. We found that changes in wing inertia did not affect thorax deformation amplitude but did influence wingbeat frequency. Increasing wing inertia increased flapping amplitude and caused a phase lag between thorax deformation and flapping angle, whereas decreasing wing inertia did not affect flapping amplitude and caused the flapping angle to lead thorax deformation. Our findings indicate that bumblebees adapt to wing damage by adjusting their wingbeat frequency rather than altering their wing stroke amplitude. Additionally, our results suggest that bumblebees operate near a wing-hinge-dominated resonant frequency, and that moments generated by steering muscles within the wing hinge influence the phase between thorax deformation and wing stroke nontrivially. These insights can inform the design of resilient, insect-inspired flapping-wing micro air vehicles.
A bioinspired fish fin webbing for proprioceptive feedback
Authors: Bruns Arne , Flammang Brooke E , Papotti Gabor , Mastropoll Connor , Hansen Tom , Anderson Iain
Published: December 2024

The propulsive fins of ray-finned fish are used for large scale locomotion and fine maneuvering, yet also provide sensory feedback regarding hydrodynamic loading and the surrounding environment. This information is gathered via nerve cells in the webbing between their fin rays. A similar bioinspired system that can gather force feedback from fin motion could enable valuable insight into robotic underwater locomotion improving swimming efficiency and orientation. Fins are largely composed of bendable rays that support an elastic membranous web. In this investigation we have produced a stretch-sensing web that can be used as a sensor for a robotic fin; a proprioceptive fin webbing capable of measuring hydrodynamic loads. Our soft capacitive sensor web is embedded in 350 µm thin film that is held between wires which emulate fin rays. These sensor web constructs were successfully tested in water tunnels and maintained their sensory performance at speeds up to 0.7 m s−1 and at angles-of-attack up to 90 degrees. We demonstrated sensor response as a function of water speed and angle of attack. Induced vibrations in the membrane from vortex shedding and flutter at high speeds were mitigated through the addition of passive chordwise stiffeners and tensioning of the membrane was investigated. Through understanding sensing membrane behavior in flow, the development of specialized fin webbing sensors becomes possible. This invention thus presents a milestone in advanced hydrodynamic sensing in fish robots enabling us to push further towards autonomous control loops in fish robots.
Megagrazer loss drives complex landscape-scale biophysical cascades
Authors: Hyvarinen Olli , te Beest Mariska , le Roux Elizabeth , Kerley Graham I H , Buitenwerf Robert , Druce Dave J , Chen Jiquan , Rapp Linda , Fernandes Joana , Cromsigt Joris P G M
Published: December 2024

Wild animals can modulate ecosystem-climate feedbacks, e.g. through impacts on vegetation and associated carbon dynamics. However, vegetation cover and composition also affect land surface albedo, which is an important component of the global energy budget. We currently know very little about the influence of wild animals on land surface albedo and the resulting climate forcing of these albedo changes. Leveraging a unique, ecosystem-scale, semi-experimental approach, we study how the local removals of the world’s largest, terrestrial grazer, white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), affected the coupling between fire dynamics, woody encroachment and surface albedo in Hluhluwe–iMfolozi Park (HiP), South Africa. Our path analysis revealed that areas in the park where more rhinos had been removed showed a stronger increase in burnt area and woody encroachment compared to areas with fewer rhinos removed, which were both related to a decrease in surface albedo. Increasing burnt area was further associated with higher rates of woody encroachment, indirectly reinforcing the negative effect of rhino loss on albedo. Our study demonstrates that removals of megagrazers in HiP were related to complex ecosystem-wide cascades with measurable impacts on land cover and surface albedo and consequences on climate forcing. This highlights the importance of restoring functional ecosystems by reinstating trophic processes.
Dissecting a small artificial neural network
Authors: Yang Xiguang , Arora Krish , Bachmann Michael
Published: December 2024

We investigate the loss landscape and backpropagation dynamics of convergence for the simplest possible artificial neural network representing the logical exclusive-OR gate. Cross-sections of the loss landscape in the nine-dimensional parameter space are found to exhibit distinct features, which help understand why backpropagation efficiently achieves convergence toward zero loss, whereas values of weights and biases keep drifting. Differences in shapes of cross-sections obtained by nonrandomized and randomized batches are discussed. In reference to statistical physics we introduce the microcanonical entropy as a unique quantity that allows to characterize the phase behavior of the network. Learning in neural networks can thus be thought of as an annealing process that experiences the analogue of phase transitions known from thermodynamic systems. It also reveals how the loss landscape simplifies as more hidden neurons are added to the network, eliminating entropic barriers caused by finite-size effects.
Can the prescience of Blade Runner engender a deeper understanding of our relationship with AI technology?
Authors: Ross Alexander G. ,   FRHistS
Published: December 2024

This article explores how, in the 1982 film Blade Runner (directed by Ridley Scott), some preeminent creative minds predicted a future which increasingly reflects the realities of our age. The research outcome is multidisciplinary in perspective, drawn from interviews with the filmmakers as well as with thought leaders in Artificial Intelligence, Classics, Engineering, Ethics, Philosophy, Robotics, and Theology, and is, in part, influenced by the seminal work of Alessandro Portelli. The author has also structured the article by applying some of Jonathan S. Feinstein’s models of creative engagement in exploring the intricacies of creative and innovative work in the arts and sciences, as developed in his book The Nature of Creative Development (2006). The article contributes to the debate about the numerous contentions within the text which it seeks to clarify, as well as to the debate about the nature of creative work and the extent to which the visionaries involved could benefit from a cross-pollination of ideas between disciplines.
Large magnetocaloric effect in free-standing Gd2O3 nanostructures near liquid helium boiling point
Authors: Hazarika S , Mohanta D , Morozkin A V , Nirmala R
Published: December 2024

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of free-standing gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanostructures have been studied. Nanoparticles of Gd2O3 (Gd2O3-NP), nanorods of Gd2O3 (Gd2O3-NR) and a mixed system of Gd2O3 nanosheets and nanorods (Gd2O3-NS+NR) have been prepared by template-free methods without the use of any surfactant or a catalyst. These samples crystallize in cubic crystal structure (space group Ia-3, no. 206, cI80). Magnetization data indicate typical paramagnetic behavior in the temperature range of 300 K to 5 K for all the samples. All three Gd2O3 nanostructures display large magnetocaloric effect at temperatures below ∼10 K. While the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) value at 6 K is about −22.6 Jkg−1K−1 for the Gd2O3 nanorods and −17.8 Jkg−1K−1 for Gd2O3 nanoparticles for a magnetic field change of 70 kOe, the mixed Gd2O3 nanosheets and nanorods system prepared by wet chemical method shows a maximum ΔSm value of −23.6 Jkg−1K−1 for the same field change. These are about 41% to 89% more than that of bulk Gd2O3. Therefore, Gd2O3-based nanostructures could be very useful for low temperature magnetic refrigeration applications.
Structural, morphological, and optical characterization of indium selenide (In2Se3) obtained by mechanical alloying
Authors: Teoyotl Sosa Josue Fernando , de la Luz José Álvaro David Hernández , López Hernández Osvaldo , Juárez Diaz Gabriel , López Salazar Primavera
Published: December 2024

The optical, electrical, and thermal properties of indium selenides are strongly influenced by their crystal structure. At room temperature (RT), the indium selenide with the stoichiometry In2Se2 exhibits two coexisting crystalline phases namely α and β, both can crystallize in two different crystal structures, hexagonal (2H) and rhombohedral (3 R). In polycrystalline In2Se3 powders, the presence of both phases has been observed. In this study, the rhombohedral β (3 R) phase of In2Se3 was synthesized by prior mechanical pulverization of powders of selenium and beads of indium, followed by mechanical alloying, achieved after 30 h of milling, and identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a morphological evolution with a predominance of agglomerates smaller than 500 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show an emission of around 1.26 eV, lower than that reported in the literature, and the optic band gap energy Eg, determined by transmission spectra and the Tauc method, was 1.23 eV, a value not previously reported for this phase.
Recurrent events modeling based on a reflected Brownian motion with application to hypoglycemia
Authors: Xie Yingfa , Fu Haoda , Huang Yuan , Pozdnyakov Vladimir , Yan Jun
Published: December 2024

Patients with type 2 diabetes need to closely monitor blood sugar levels as their routine diabetes self-management. Although many treatment agents aim to tightly control blood sugar, hypoglycemia often stands as an adverse event. In practice, patients can observe hypoglycemic events more easily than hyperglycemic events due to the perception of neurogenic symptoms. We propose to model each patient’s observed hypoglycemic event as a lower boundary crossing event for a reflected Brownian motion with an upper reflection barrier. The lower boundary is set by clinical standards. To capture patient heterogeneity and within-patient dependence, covariates and a patient level frailty are incorporated into the volatility and the upper reflection barrier. This framework provides quantification for the underlying glucose level variability, patients heterogeneity, and risk factors’ impact on glucose. We make inferences based on a Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Two model comparison criteria, the deviance information criterion and the logarithm of the pseudo-marginal likelihood, are used for model selection. The methodology is validated in simulation studies. In analyzing a dataset from the diabetic patients in the DURABLE trial, our model provides adequate fit, generates data similar to the observed data, and offers insights that could be missed by other models.
Improving radiology reporting locally and globally: who, how, and why?
Authors: Gormly Kirsten L
Published: December 2024

The radiology report is the communication from radiologist to referrer, used to inform prognosis and guide patient management. The report is the final step in a process which is influenced by the information on the referral, image quality, the reporting environment, and appropriate detection and interpretation of findings by the radiologist. It should present accurate, complete information in a way that can be easily understood. Even small improvements in any of these areas can have a significant impact on the average quality of radiology reports, with potential impact on vast numbers of patients across the globe. How do we train our future referrers to understand the complexities of imaging and write better referrals? How do we improve image quality as close to source as possible by engaging with equipment vendors? How can we make it easier for all radiologists to have access to the latest guidelines and use reporting templates where appropriate? Every radiologist has a role to play, with possible actions ranging from individual choice to departmental policies and global collaboration. The diseases we diagnose are the same, the equipment similar and knowledge freely available. All our patients deserve the best report we can provide.
Breastfeeding interventions and programs conducted in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a scoping review
Authors: Kelly Patricia J , Sidhu Amrita , Sajja Anusha , Majeethia Devanshi , Dodge Elizabeth , Aboul-Enein Basil H
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this review was to identify interventions promoting breastfeeding (BF), BF practices and their outcomes in Iran. Using the PRISMA-ScR Guidelines, we searched across 14 databases for publications published between 2010 and February 2024 to identify studies published in English or Farsi language in peer-reviewed journals, using search terms ‘breastfeeding’, ‘lactation’, ‘education’, ‘promotion’, ‘intervention’ and ‘program’. Inclusion criteria included intervention-based studies with quantitative outcomes of pregnant women/mothers receiving education, training or other intervention that promoted BF or exclusive BF. Excluded studies were protocols, those examining Iranian communities outside of Iran publications in other languages, brief communications, gray literature and qualitative studies. After screening for relevance, identified articles that met the inclusion criteria were summarized and tabulated using Rayyan QCRI software. Of the 45 identified studies, 37 used randomized-control trial designs, 20 applied theoretical frameworks or specific counseling techniques. Samples included women pregnant for the first time, mothers of babies born prematurely or with low-birth weight, adolescents, mothers who had very young children at home. Only three studies included family members. BF self-efficacy was the most popular variable to assess, which was examined in 32 studies. Almost all studies showed positive results as a result of intervention. Majority of studies were focused at the individual level. No studies were identified that assessed strategies to change routine care or policies that might facilitate BF. Identifying barriers to moving intervention content into standard of care is an important next step in the development of BF research in Iran.
From Hull-House Maps and Papers to Geographic Information System (GIS) Applications: A Systematic Review for Utilization of GIS in a Social Work Grand Challenge of Closing the Health Gap
Authors: Sualp Kenan , Yalim Asli Cennet , Gammonley Denise
Published: December 2024

Dynamic tools and advanced techniques, including Geographic Information System (GIS), have been developed to help close the health gap, a social work grand challenge. Unfortunately, these tools are underutilized in the field of social work. To address this gap, a systematic review of 53 studies was conducted, revealing the use of GIS methodologies such as spatial analysis, data visualization, spatiotemporal analysis, and spatial proximity analysis. Using these GIS methodologies, studies aimed to address a wide range of issues including health risk factors, environmental impacts on mental health, health disparities, and access to services. Five key themes emerged: environmental impact on health, GIS and community-based participatory research, risk factors and determinants of health, health disparities, and access to health and social services. GIS applications can help map health disparities, identify underserved areas for targeted interventions, analyze the impact of environmental factors on health, and facilitate community engagement through visual data representation. Future research should focus on exploring advanced GIS methodologies, such as predictive modeling and machine learning, to enhance healthcare disparity analysis and optimize resource allocation. Integrating advanced methodologies will deepen understanding of health disparities and improve prediction accuracy for timely interventions in underserved areas.
The effect of electronic cooling pads and Moringa oleifera supplementation from late gestation to weaning on sow production performance under heat stress conditions
Authors: Stansberry McKeeley C , Ogundare Wonders , Beckett Linda M , Garcia Reis Leriana , Tobolski Evy M , Anele Uchenna , Richert Brian T , Schinckel Allan P , Casey Theresa M , Minor Radiah C
Published: December 2024

Lactating sows and their litters are particularly vulnerable to heat stress (HS). HS decreases fertility, feed intake, milk production, and litter growth of sows. Approaches are needed to mitigate the negative effects of HS on animal welfare and oxidative damage to tissues. The objective of this study was to measure the efficacy of conductive heat removal using electronic cooling pads (ECP) and feeding Moringa oleifera (4% of the diet, M), a feedstuff high in antioxidants, to sows from late gestation to weaning on their welfare and production performance. A study was conducted using a 2 × 2 factorial design of treatments, with mixed parity Yorkshire × Landrace sows (n = 48). The sows were exposed to moderate HS conditions from gestation day 110 to day 21 of lactation. To achieve moderate HS, the farrowing room temperature was increased incrementally daily from 25 °C to 32 °C between 0800 and 1100 hours and decreased from 32 °C to 26 °C between 1700 and 2000 hours. Sows were limit fed during gestation (1.36 kg 2X/d) and fed ad libitum post farrowing. Treatments included HS + control corn–soybean meal (CS)-based diet (HS + CS), HS + M, ECP + CS, ECP + M (n = 12/treatment). Sow respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured four times daily (0600, 1300, 1600, and 1900 hours). The use of ECP decreased lactating sow RR (HS = 66.6 bpm, ECP = 28.3 bpm, P < 0.0001), RT (HS = 39.2 °C, ECP = 38.8 °C, P = 0.003), and lactation body weight (BW) loss (HS = −21.67 kg, ECP = −5.1 kg P = 0.002). ECP by time-of-day interactions (P < 0.01) existed for RR and RT, with ECP having a greater impact from 1300 to 1900 hours, than at 0600 hours. ECP increased the intake of lactation feed (P = 0.02). An ECP by diet interaction (P = 0.0004) indicated that ECP increased the intake of lactation feed for the sows fed the CS diet (6.48 vs. 4.42 kg/d, P = 0.0004), but did not affect the feed intake of sows fed the M diet. The treatment did not affect litter weaning weight (P = 0.14). Moringa increased percent fat in milk (M = 12.28%, CS = 11.06%, P = 0.05). The reduction in sow RR and RT, and increase in feed intake with lower loss of BW indicate that ECP improved sow well-being in the HS environment. Neither ECP nor M affected litter growth, despite M increasing fat content of milk and ECP–CS increasing feed intake.
Revealing preferential circulation—how the use of places serves localized entrepreneurs’ capabilities
Authors: Capron Etienne , Suire Raphaël
Published: December 2024

With the aim of fostering innovation, many cities have promoted places to provide resources for entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, little work has been done to determine how these resources are mobilized by entrepreneurs, and how a collection of places in a given city-region can support their efforts. In this article, we argue that entrepreneurs attend different resource-producing places, and that the pattern thus drawn, called preferential circulation, reveals the ongoing entrepreneurial process. Based on network theory, we offer an original concept to better understand how cities can support entrepreneurial dynamics and suggest new insights for local innovation policy design.
Networked corporate advocacy in a polarized public arena: analyzing discourse networks of U.S. Fortune 500 companies on controversial issues
Authors: Chen Yingying , Tsai Jiun-Yi , Yuan Shupei
Published: December 2024

This study investigates how U.S. Fortune 500 corporate social advocacy (CSA) discourse on multiple contentious issues is associated with public attention on Twitter/X. Our theoretical framework elucidates three discourse types and conceptualizes the diversity, structure, and stability of discourse coalition networks. Utilizing computational methods and dynamic network analysis of 43,791 corporate tweets over two years, findings reveal a prevalent use of aspirational communication in addressing climate change and healthcare disparities. Functional discourse is predominantly employed in tweets on racial equality and COVID-19 vaccination, while localization discourse is concentrated in tweets about gender/sexuality. Network analysis shows that discourse coalitions exist across industries, with a convergence in discourse types and low temporal stability in network compositions. Most discourse types and features of discourse coalition networks are positively associated with public attention to CSA tweets, though these associations vary across different issues.
Management of recurrent intussusception after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Makani Ankur , Hendrix Andrew , Orcutt Gunnar , Stephenson Christopher , Crafton Thomas , Moffatt David
Published: December 2024

While intussusception is a well described complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), cases of recurrent intussusception after lead point resection and reconstruction are described much less frequently. We present a case of a 28-year-old female with triple recurrent intussusception all of which were treated with surgical resection and reconstruction of her RYGB anastomoses. There is currently limited evidence to direct management in the setting of recurrent intussusception. This case highlights the importance of considering intussusception in the RYGB patient with abdominal pain as well as demonstrates a need for further investigation into pathomechanisms which may lead to recurrence.
Transient electromagnetic sources can detect solitary black holes in Milky Way galaxy
Authors: Jana Susmita , Goswami Rituparno , Shankaranarayanan S , Maharaj Sunil D
Published: December 2024

The Milky Way galaxy is estimated to host up to a billion stellar-mass solitary black holes (BHs). The number and distribution of BH masses can provide crucial information about the processes involved in BH formation, the existence of primordial BHs, and the interpretation of gravitational wave (GW) signals detected in LIGO–VIRGO–KAGRA. Sahu et al. recently confirmed one solitary stellar-mass BH in our galaxy using astrometric microlensing. This work proposes a novel mechanism to identify such BH by analysing the frequency and damping of the quasi-normal modes of GW generated from the interaction of the BH and EM wave originating from a transient electromagnetic (TEM) source. The incoming EM waves distort the curvature of a BH, releasing GWs as it returns to a steady state. Using the covariant semitetrad formalism, we quantify the generated GWs via the Regge–Wheeler tensor and relate the GW amplitude to the energy of the TEM. We demonstrate that isolated BHs at a distance of 50 pc from Earth can be detected by LIGO A+ and 100 pc by Cosmic Explorer/Einstein Telescope. Additionally, we discuss the observational implications for orphan afterglows associated with GRBs, highlighting the potential for further discoveries.
RNA elements required for the high efficiency of West Nile virus-induced ribosomal frameshifting
Authors: Aleksashin Nikolay A , Langeberg Conner J , Shelke Rohan R , Yin Tianhao , Cate Jamie H D
Published: December 2024

West Nile virus (WNV) requires programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting for translation of the viral genome. The efficiency of WNV frameshifting is among the highest known. However, it remains unclear why WNV exhibits such a high frameshifting efficiency. Here, we employed dual-luciferase reporter assays in multiple human cell lines to probe the RNA requirements for highly efficient frameshifting by the WNV genome. We find that both the sequence and structure of a predicted RNA pseudoknot downstream of the slippery sequence—the codons in the genome on which frameshifting occurs—are required for efficient frameshifting. We also show that multiple proposed RNA secondary structures downstream of the slippery sequence are inconsistent with efficient frameshifting. We also find that the base of the pseudoknot structure likely is unfolded prior to frameshifting. Finally, we show that many mutations in the WNV slippery sequence allow efficient frameshifting, but often result in aberrant shifting into other reading frames. Mutations in the slippery sequence also support a model in which frameshifting occurs concurrent with or after ribosome translocation. These results provide a comprehensive analysis of the molecular determinants of WNV-programmed ribosomal frameshifting and provide a foundation for the development of new antiviral strategies targeting viral gene expression.
Validity of the E-cigarette Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives in Exclusive E-cigarette Users: Evidence From a Laboratory Self-Administration Study
Authors: Piasecki Thomas M , Korcarz Claudia E , Hansen Kristin M , Bolt Daniel M , Fiore Michael C , Stein James H , Baker Timothy B
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Prior research suggests that the e-Cigarette Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (e-WISDM) distinguishes primary (e-PDM) and secondary dependence (e-SDM); however, there is little research on these e-WISDM dimensions and prior research comprised dual users (using cigarettes and e-cigarettes) and those using older generations of e-cigarettes.

Aims and Methods

Exclusive users of contemporary e-cigarettes (N = 164) completed the e-WISDM and a laboratory self-administration session and rated pre-use expectancies and post-use experiences.

Results

Only a 1-factor model limited to the primary scales (Automaticity, Tolerance, Craving, Loss of Control) achieved a good model fit. The e-PDM was correlated with the Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (PS-ECDI), r = .79, p < .001. The e-PDM and PS-ECDI were similarly correlated with the use topography and self-reported measures. Analyses of motive profiles identified Taste, Tolerance, and Automaticity as the most strongly endorsed motives in the full sample. Subgroup analyses indicated primary motives were more elevated in daily versus non-daily e-cigarette users and participants with versus without a history of smoking cigarettes. Taste motives were stronger in users of third versus fourth-generation e-cigarettes.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the four e-PDM subscales are a concise, reliable, and valid measure of core e-cigarette dependence motives that are related to meaningful dependence attributes.

Implications

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are dependence-producing. Instruments that measure e-cigarette dependence are necessary to identify users who may have difficulty quitting e-cigarettes and who are at risk for use-related harms. The four subscales of the e-WISDM PDM index self-reported heavy e-cigarette use, craving, automatic or mindless use, and perceived loss of control over use. The current research supports the validity of the e-WISDM PDM as a measure of core e-cigarette dependence in users of today’s e-cigarette devices.
Exploring Gender Differences in Receipt of the 5As for Smoking Cessation for Recently Diagnosed Cancer Patients (ECOG-ACRIN EAQ171CD)
Authors: Finkelstein-Fox Lucy , Sicks JoRean D , Wagner Lynne I , Carlos Ruth C , Miranda Isabelle L , Rosen Rachel L , Lopes Maria , Goshe Brett M , Gareen Ilana F , Herman Benjamin A , Taurone Alexander , Wangari Walter Angela , Rasmussen Autumn W , Levy Douglas E , Thompson Michael A , Malloy Laura , Gonzalez Irina , Burnette Brian L , Throckmorton Alyssa D , Tingen Martha S , Ostroff Jamie S , Park Elyse R
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Smoking cessation is important for men and women diagnosed with cancer. Oncology clinicians should encourage all patients to quit and offer resources to help them do so, following the 5As framework (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange follow-up).

Aims and Methods

This study tests gender differences in self-reported receipt of the 5As from an oncology provider among 306 recently diagnosed male and female cancer patients. Receipt of praise for quitting efforts was also assessed as an indicator of empathic communication. Participants completed baseline surveys as part of a larger clinical trial focused on smoking cessation (NCT03808818), reflecting on pretrial interactions with their oncology clinicians.

Results

Most male and female patients received “Ask,” “Advise,” and “Assess” (ie, asking patients if they smoke, advising them to quit, and assessing their interest in doing so), though significant gender differences emerged in receiving “Assist” and “Arrange follow-up.” Women were less likely to receive assistance (eg, medication or counseling referral; 85.25% vs. 93.18%, respectively) or a follow-up appointment to discuss their progress (28.11% vs. 40.91%, respectively). Approximately half of men and women were praised for their quitting efforts. In exploratory sensitivity analyses, gender differences in “Arrange follow-up” were attenuated when adjusting for cancer location (smoking-related or not), self-reported distress, and self-reported coping ability.

Conclusions

Women may be at risk for suboptimal smoking-related support during cancer care, as assistance and follow-up are essential to sustained abstinence. Clinicians should consistently deliver each of the 5As to all cancer patients who smoke, regardless of cancer type or expressed distress/coping difficulty.

Implications

The current study findings add to the growing literature describing gender disparities in tobacco treatment access. Findings highlight an addressable gap in access to tobacco treatment for a group of women who have cancer. Advancements in the equitable delivery of smoking cessation counseling have the potential to improve cessation outcomes for women with cancer who smoke.
Role of the New Physical Examination Minor Criterion (New Heart Murmur) for the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Papadimitriou-Olivgeris Matthaios , Monney Pierre , Frank Michelle , Tzimas Georgios , Fourré Nicolas , Zimmermann Virgile , Tozzi Piergiorgio , Kirsch Matthias , Van Hemelrijck Mathias , Dzemali Omer , Epprecht Jana , Guery Benoit , Hasse Barbara
Published: December 2024

Among 3127 episodes of suspected infective endocarditis, the 2023 Duke–International Society for Cardiovascular Infectious Diseases clinical criteria showed an accuracy of 90% for infective endocarditis diagnosis. A new heart murmur was present in 690 (22%) episodes. Excluding imaging and surgical findings decreased the accuracy to 73%, while using the physical examination criterion slightly improved the accuracy to 78%.
General Concepts of the Classical Cadence
Authors: Caplin William E.
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines notions traditionally attached to the concept of cadence in general, retains those features finding genuine expression in the classical style, and investigates problematic ideas that have the potential of producing theoretical and analytical confusion. It is argued that cadence effects formal closure only at middle-ground levels of structure; a cadential progression is highly constrained in its harmonic content; a particular scalar segment of a bass-line melody (engaging the third through sixth scale degrees) is especially associated with cadence; cadential function precedes the moment of cadential arrival; the music following this arrival may be postcadential in function; cadential content must be distinguished from cadential function; some cadences have a limited formal scope; the appearance of consecutive cadences poses significant problems of interpretation; cadence represents a formal end, not a rhythmic or textural stop; and cadential strength can be distinguished in its syntactical and rhetorical aspects.
Cadence in the Mid- to Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Caplin William E.
Published: December 2024

Chapter 9 examines cadential practice in the later nineteenth century, focusing on composers such as Liszt, Wagner, Brahms, and Bruckner. Various modes of noncadential closure become more evident during this period, such that pre-dominant arrivals and tonic arrivals can replace the classical dominant arrival. The elevation of subdominant harmony as a polar opposite of the dominant prompts extensive theorizing over the so-called plagal cadence, a mode of closure deemed noncadential in this study, and thus termed plagal closure. The chapter discusses how prolongational closure is often used in this repertory, even to end complete movements. Two new cadential contexts emphasize cadential content over function: the detour cadence, which suddenly confirms a remote tonal region but then immediately gets back on track with a cadence in the expected key; and the iconic cadence, which evokes the apotheosis of cadence by means of a rhetorically exaggerated reference to an idealized classical cadence.
Becoming a Talent Magnet
Authors: 9780190938536
Published: December 2024

Becoming a Talent Magnet: Lessons from the Field on Attracting and Recruiting Great People was designed to provide a succinct but up-to-the-minute overview of key strategies and practices for all the major areas in talent acquisition. Intended for both human resources business partners and talent professionals, this book offers practical advice, solid analytics, and powerful technology recommendations interwoven with leading-edge research to accelerate the capability of an organization’s talent functions. The book is designed to serve as a source of objective and research-based guidance for practitioners across the human resources and talent functions. The increasingly important role of artificial intelligence in today’s talent acquisition space is emphasized throughout the volume. Chapters flow in a logical sequence, beginning with a focus on workforce planning, the developing the employment value proposition, sourcing, job postings, recruitment technology, metrics, and ending with the onboarding experience. Each chapter is packed with practical insights, concrete ideas, and proven practices to supercharge an organization’s ability to attract and retain top talent.
Workforce Planning
Authors: Ployhart Robert E.
Published: December 2024

This chapter introduces the importance of talent acquisition and the process of workforce planning as central to human resources strategy. It explains why considering talent as a strategic resource is fundamental to understanding the importance of talent acquisition and discusses five unique features of talent resources. Next, the authors consider the practical challenges involved in talent acquisition and provide recommendations, when possible, about how to move past the challenges to become a talent magnet. These include forecasting, workforce planning, identifying rare skills and critical roles, optimizing requisition loads, and interviewing techniques. The chapter concludes with practical implications, tools, suggestions, and recommendations for future research.
Talent Metrics and Analytics in a Sea of Data
Authors: Fink Alexis A. , Delany Tanya , Steffensmeier Jay
Published: December 2024

This chapter covers talent acquisition measurement and analytics, exploring the impact of advances in technology on talent metrics. It discusses new data sources and foundational data in staffing process measurement. The explosion of talent variables has changed the process of recruitment, selection, and job consideration for both candidates and employees. Natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI) enhance the information available on the employer side. Text analytics (like NLP) and AI can be used to automatically evaluate candidates, based on their résumé, work sample, social media, or application. AI can also ingest and categorize a job posting, or the characteristics of successful incumbents in a role. AI tools can evaluate large amounts of work-related information to build foundational datasets that infer adjacent skills that might not be mentioned but are likely present, moving far beyond a keyword search in the ability to source quality talent.
Symmetry relations between related crystal structures
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma
Published: December 2024

Simple examples demonstrate the set-up of Bärnighausen trees for translationengleiche subgroups, klassengleiche subgroups, isomorphic subgroups, and for the case of a common supergroup. The parent clamping approximation and the importance of considering subgroups on a par are introduced. The familiy of structures of ReO3 is developed as an example of substitution derivatives and the family of WO3 as an example of deformation derivatives.
Prediction of possible structure types
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma
Published: December 2024

Given an aristotype (for example, a hexagonal-closest packing of spheres) and a structural principle (for example, the partial filling of octahedral voids in this packing), and some more limiting factors, we can derive all possible crystal structures that meet these conditions. Using group—subgroup relations we obtain the corresponding space groups. With Polyá’s enumeration theorem, we can calculate the total number of possible ways how to distribute a given number of atom kinds among a given number of sites. With White’s extension, we can calculate the number of structures depending on symmetry. A formula is given for the combinatorial computation of distributions of atoms among given positions. Another approach is to consider how and with what space groups it is possible to arrange given molecules in a specified manner of packing; this is explained in detail for dimeric pentahalides (MX5)2.
Isomorphic subgroups
Authors: Müller Ulrich , de la Flor Gemma
Published: December 2024

Space groups have p, p2, or p3 maximal isomorphic subgroups with p = prime. However, often only certain prime numbers are permitted. In this chapter it is explained what numbers are permitted