bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Well‐Defined Calcium Compound Catalyzes Trimerization of Arylisocyanates into 1,3,5‐Triarylisocyanurates
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Sharma Vishal , Jain Shailja , Sharma Himanshu , Vanka Kumar , Sen Sakya S.
Published: March 2022

We report the synthesis of a calcium complex (2) bearing a tetradentate monoanionic ligand with a diaminoethane core and phenolate and pyridine peripheral donors. Single crystal X‐ray studies on 2 revealed that LiI was also co‐crystallized, leading to a four‐membered ring with four different elements. 2 was found to be an efficient catalyst for the cyclotrimerization of a variety of aromatic isocyanates under mild conditions.
A Combined Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study on a Ruthenium Complex Featuring a π‐Extended dppz Ligand for Light‐Driven Accumulation of Multiple Reducing Equivalents
Authors: Müller Carolin , Schwab Alexander , Randell Nicholas M. , Kupfer Stephan , Dietzek‐Ivanšić Benjamin , Chavarot‐Kerlidou Murielle
Published: March 2022

The design of photoactive systems capable of storing and relaying multiple electrons is highly demanded in the field of artificial photosynthesis, where transformations of interest rely on multielectronic redox processes. The photophysical properties of the ruthenium photosensitizer [(bpy)2Ru(oxim‐dppqp)]2+ (Ru), storing two electrons coupled to two protons on the π‐extended oxim‐dppqp ligand under light‐driven conditions, are investigated by means of excitation wavelength‐dependent resonance Raman and transient absorption spectroscopies, in combination with time‐dependent density functional theory; the results are discussed in comparison to the parent [(bpy)2Ru(dppz)]2+ and [(bpy)2Ru(oxo‐dppqp)]2+ complexes. In addition, this study provides in‐depth insights on the impact of protonation or of accumulation of multiple reducing equivalents on the reactive excited states.
Perovskite Photovoltaics for Artificial Light Harvesting
Authors: Opoku Henry , Hyeon Lee Ji , Won Shim Jae , Woong Jo Jea
Published: March 2022

Perovskites have encountered a growing interest as light‐absorbing materials for harvesting and recycling ambient light. This interest comes from the distinct and impressive intrinsic properties of these materials and is necessitated by the need for reliable and sustainable power supplies for wearable and portable internet of things (IoT) applications. Perovskite artificial light cells (PALCs; i. e., indoor perovskite photovoltaics) have been intensively explored, and thus their device performance has been rapidly augmented. In this review, we summarize and consolidate the research outputs of PALCs by focusing on the tuning of photo‐absorber and interlayer materials for efficient harvest and collection of artificial light sources. We also emphasize various challenges and possible future research directions that should be addressed for realizing a large market uptake of PALCs.
The Non‐Ancillary Nature of Trimethylsilylamide Substituents in Boranes and Borinium Cations
Authors: Major Christopher J. , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Grimme Stefan , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: March 2022

The known boranes (R(Me3Si)N)2BF (R=Me3Si 1, tBu 2, C6F5 3, o‐tol 4, Mes 5, Dipp 6) and borinium salts (R(Me3Si)N)2B][B(C6F5)4] (R=Me3Si 7, tBu 8) are prepared and fully characterized. Compound 7 is shown to react with phosphines to generate [R3PSiMe3]+ and [R3PH]+ (R=Me, tBu). Efforts to generate related borinium cations via fluoride abstraction from (R(Me3Si)N)2BF (R=C6F5 3, o‐tol 4, Mes 5) gave complex mixtures suggesting multiple reaction pathways. However for R=Dipp 6, the species [(μ‐F)(SiMe2N(Dipp))2BMe][B(C6F5)4] was isolated as the major product, indicating methyl abstraction from silicon and F/Me exchange on boron. These observations together with state‐of‐the‐art DFT mechanistic studies reveal that the trimethylsilyl‐substituents do not behave as ancillary subsitutents but rather act as sources of proton, SiMe3 and methyl groups.
Electrochemical Performance and Behavior Mechanism for Zn/LiFePO4 Battery in a Slightly Acidic Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Xiong Weixiong , Zheng Jiawei , Wu Jinmei , Huang Bin , Zhu Qing , Li Yanwei , Xiao Shunhua , Chen Quanqi , Yang Jianwen , Yang Zhaoling
Published: March 2022

The electrochemical performances and process mechanisms of Zn/LiFePO4 cells in a slightly acidic 1.9 m Li2SO4–0.5 m ZnSO4 aqueous solution were investigated. The results showed that the hydrogen depletion side reaction on the surface of the zinc sheet led to an increase in pH of the electrolyte and fluctuations in specific capacity of the cells, and that the dissolution of Fe2+ ions and the lamination of LiFePO4 particles resulted in a decrease in the specific capacity of the cells. At pH 5.0, the initial discharge specific capacity of the Zn/LiFePO4 cell was about 120.0 mAh g−1 at 0.25 C, about 64.4 mAh g−1 at 3 C, with about 60.9 % capacity retention rate after 200 cycles at 1 C, and the Li+ ions diffusion coefficient was about 7.75×10−12 cm2 s−1.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation in a Continuous Flow Reactor for Practical On‐Board Hydrogen Generation From Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers
Authors: Polukeev Alexey V. , Wallenberg Reine , Uhlig Jens , Hulteberg Christian P. , Wendt Ola F.
Published: March 2022

To enable the large‐scale use of hydrogen fuel cells for mobility applications, convenient methods for on‐board hydrogen storage and release are required. A promising approach is liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), since these are safe, available on a large scale, and compatible with existing refueling infrastructure. Usually, LOHC dehydrogenation is carried out in batch‐type reactors by transition metals and their complexes and suffers from slow H2 release kinetics and/or inability to reach high energy density by weight, owing to low conversion or the need to dilute the reaction mixture. In this study, a continuous flow reactor is used in combination with a heterogenized iridium pincer complex, which enables a tremendous increase in LOHC dehydrogenation rates. Thus, dehydrogenation of isopropanol is performed in a regime that, in terms of gravimetric energy density, hydrogen generation rate, and precious metal content, is potentially compatible with applications in a fuel‐cell powered car.
A new harmonic tuned class E power amplifier based on waveform analysis
Authors: Yang Wanghong , Luo Yonglun , Xuan Danlei , Chang Rong , Hong Guoping
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a waveform theory for harmonic tuned class E power amplifier (HT class E PA) based on waveform analysis is proposed. This paper uses the waveform theory of class F PAs and class F−1 PAs to solve the problem of harmonic tuning of traditional class E PAs. The equation of normalized current waveform of the class E PA is analyzed, set the phase difference between the current and voltage of the harmonic components to
, and finally deduced the equation of normalized voltage waveform. This paper replaces the output impedance in the traditional class E PA design with the output impedance obtained from the waveform analysis, which makes the design of the matching network more convenient and ensures that the output current waveform and voltage waveform of the designed new HT class E PA are very close to those of the ideal class E power amplifier. The theoretical efficiency of the new HT class E PA is 89.04%. Based on this theory, a power amplifier is designed using a CREE GaN CGH40010F transistor. Test results show that: the gain can reach 10.7 dB, the output power is 40.7 dBm, PAE is 67.7%, DE is 74%.
A novel computer adaptive word list memory test optimized for remote assessment: Psychometric properties and associations with neurodegenerative biomarkers in older women without dementia
Authors: Stricker Nikki H. , Stricker John L. , Karstens Aimee J. , Geske Jennifer R. , Fields Julie A. , Hassenstab Jason , Schwarz Christopher G. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Wiste Heather J. , Jack Clifford R. , Kantarci Kejal , Mielke Michelle M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

This study established the psychometric properties and preliminary validity of the Stricker Learning Span (SLS), a novel computer adaptive word list memory test designed for remote assessment and optimized for smartphone use.

Methods

Women enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Specialized Center of Research Excellence (SCORE) were recruited via e‐mail or phone to complete two remote cognitive testing sessions. Convergent validity was assessed through correlation with previously administered in‐person neuropsychological tests (n = 96, ages 55–79) and criterion validity through associations with magnetic resonance imaging measures of neurodegeneration sensitive to Alzheimer's disease (n = 47).

Results

SLS performance significantly correlated with the Auditory Verbal Learning Test and measures of neurodegeneration (temporal meta‐regions of interest and entorhinal cortical thickness, adjusting for age and education). Test–retest reliabilities across two sessions were 0.71–0.76 (two‐way mixed intraclass correlation coefficients).

Discussion

The SLS is a valid and reliable self‐administered memory test that shows promise for remote assessment of aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
Plant functional diversity influences water and carbon fluxes and their use efficiencies in native and disturbed dryland ecosystems
Authors: Castellanos Alejandro E. , Hinojo‐Hinojo César , Rodriguez Julio C. , Romo‐Leon Jose Raul , Wilcox Bradford P. , Biederman Joel A. , Peñuelas Josep
Published: March 2022

Vegetation is changing rapidly in dryland ecosystems, but critical gaps remain in understanding the long‐term fluxes of carbon (C) and water. We used 6 years of data from two adjacent eddy covariance sites in the Sonoran Desert, a species‐rich woody C3 native shrubland and a species‐poor C4 shrubland converted to buffelgrass savanna. Although emphasis has been given to the physical determinants of productivity in dryland ecosystems, we assessed how PFTs changes influenced (1) water and C fluxes and (2) water‐use (WUEe) and intrinsic C‐use efficiencies (CUEei) in the two sites under the same climatological conditions. We hypothesized that changes in PFTs would alter accessibility, rate and use efficiencies of water and carbon, with poorly known effects on the long‐term fluxes and efficiencies. Annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the shrubland was a C‐source in drier years and a sink in others. However, longer C uptake, greater WUEe and lower CUEei were the crucial drivers for higher and positive NEP (C sink) in the savanna. Annual and seasonal WUEe and CUEei discrepancies indicated the importance of dominant PFTs after disturbance and ecohydrological feedbacks. As the world becomes drier and vegetation disturbance more common, the role of PFT changes should contribute to gaining a clearer understanding of their role in the C and water fluxes of dryland ecosystems.
Novel molecular biomarkers of cancer therapy‐induced cardiotoxicity in adult population: a scoping review
Authors: Cartas‐Espinel Irene , Telechea‐Fernández Marcelino , Manterola Delgado Carlos , Ávila Barrera Andrés , Saavedra Cuevas Nicolás , Riffo‐Campos Angela L.
Published: March 2022

Aim

Cancer treatments are associated with cardiotoxic events that predispose to cardiac pathology and compromise the survival of patients, making necessary the identification of new molecular biomarkers to detect cardiotoxicity. This scoping review aims to identify the available evidence on novel molecular biomarkers associated with cardiotoxicity in the adult population undergoing cancer therapy.

Methods and results

The databases Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were screened for the identification of published studies until 23 August 2020, searching for novel molecular biomarkers reported in cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction in adult patients. A total of 42 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. Fourteen studies reported 44 new protein biomarkers, 18 studies reported 57 new single nucleotide polymorphism biomarkers, and 11 studies reported 171 new gene expression profiles associated with cardiotoxicity. Data were extracted for 272 novel molecular biomarkers reported and evaluated in 7084 cancer patients, of which only 13 were identified in more than one study (MPO, sST2, GDF‐15, TGF‐B1, rs1056892, rs1883112, rs4673, rs13058338, rs1695, miR‐1, miR‐25‐3p, miR‐34a‐5p, and miR‐423‐5p), showing values for area under the curve > 0.73 (range 0.74–0.85), odds ratio 0.26–7.17, and hazard ratio 1.28–1.80.

Conclusions

Multiple studies presented a significant number of novel molecular biomarkers as promising predictors for risk assessment of cardiac dysfunction related to cancer therapy, but the characteristics of the studies carried out and the determinations applied do not allow suggesting the clinical use of these molecular biomarkers in the assessment of cancer therapy‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Heteroglycoclusters through Unprecedented Orthogonal Chemistry Based on N‐Alkylation of N‐Acylhydrazone
Authors: Fray Marwa , Mathiron David , Pilard Serge , Lesur David , Abidi Rym , Barhoumi‐Slimi Thouraya , Cragg Peter J. , Benazza Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Orthogonal chemistry is a valuable tool in the preparation of complex molecules as heteroglycoclusters. Unfortunately, selective heteroconjugation of multifunctional starting materials remains a usually challenging problem to overcome. Herein, we report the first report on harnessing N‐alkylation of N‐acylhydrazone as a key step in the orthogonal synthesis. Sequentially associated with the azido‐alkyne click chemistry, it stands out as a new and straightforward synthetic method of glycoconjugate small molecules, heterodisaccharides, and heteroglycoclusters based on cone p‐tBu‐calix[4]arene and 1,3‐alt p‐tBu‐thiacalix[4]arene with potential drug‐like properties.
Pain sensitivity is associated with general attitudes towards pain: Development and validation of a new instrument for pain research and clinical application
Authors: Vetterlein Annabel , Monzel Merlin , Richter‐Hetzer Sandy , Kapala Katharina , Geppert Juliane , Baki Sophia , Reuter Martin
Published: March 2022

Background

With regard to attitudes towards pain, many questionnaires have been developed. Although undoubtedly useful, they were specifically designed for the use in chronic pain and are less suitable for the assessment in the general population. The purpose of the present paper was to develop a measure for the assessment of general attitudes towards pain applicable in the general population, regardless of clinical condition, and to test its psychometric properties.

Methods

We developed the General Attitudes Towards Pain Inventory and conducted two studies in order to provide psychometric data: In a general population sample (N = 362, study one), participants were asked to complete a questionnaire battery. To assess test–retest reliability, participants were contacted again after 4 weeks (retest sample: N = 101). For the evaluation of criterion validity (study two), a sample with sadomasochistic sexual preference (N = 68) was additionally recruited.

Results

Statistical analyses revealed, overall, acceptable internal consistencies and test–retest reliabilities. A 10‐factor model showed acceptable fit and was superior to alternative models. The inventory demonstrated convergent and divergent validity. In this context, we found pain sensitivity to be associated with pain attitudes. Finally, compared to the general population sample, individuals with sadomasochistic sexual preference showed significantly higher scores on fascination‐pleasure and challenge subscales.

Conclusions

In the present paper, we introduce a new and comprehensive instrument for pain research and provide evidence for its reliability and validity. In addition, we present new insights into how interindividual differences in pain sensitivity relate to pain attitudes.

Statement of Significance

Acknowledging the lack of basic research on pain attitudes in the general population, we have developed and validated the first psychometric instrument to measure ten general attitudes towards pain. The inventory is based on the literature and clinical expertise and has been demonstrated to be useful in pain sensitivity research. In the clinical context, general pain attitudes could be pivotal when a person who has only known everyday pain suddenly becomes a patient confronted with prolonged states of intense pain.
Detection and assessment of postoperative pain in children with cognitive impairment: A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pizzinato Anna , Liguoro Ilaria , Pusiol Anna , Cogo Paola , Palese Alvisa , Vidal Enrico
Published: March 2022

Background and Objective

Children with cognitive impairment (CI) are at risk of experiencing pain. Several specific pain rating scales have been developed to date. Thus, the aim of this meta‐analysis was to estimate the degree of reliability of different pain assessment scales for the postoperative pain in children with CI.

Databases and Data Treatment

PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were approached: all studies validating and/or using pain assessment tool in children (0–20 years) with CI published in English from the 1st of January 2000 to the 1st of January 2022 were included. Only studies reporting the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to evaluate the concordance between caregivers’ and external researchers’ scores were eligible.

Results

Twelve studies were included (586 children with CI, 60% males; weighted mean age 9.9 years – range 2–20). Five of them evaluated the Non‐Communicating Children's Pain Checklist‐Postoperative Version (NCCPC‐PV) scale whereas four the original and revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale. The analysis showed an overall ICC value of 0.76 (0.74–0.78) for the NCCPC‐PV scale, with a high heterogeneity index (I2 = 97%) and 0.87 (0.84–0.90) for the FLACC scale, with a discrete I2 index (59%).

Conclusions

The NCCPC‐PV and FLACC pain rating scales showed the strongest evidence for validity and reliability for assessing postoperative pain in children with CI. However, due to the high heterogeneity of the studies available, these results should not be considered conclusive.

Significance

This review is focused on the assessment of pain in children with CI in the postoperative period. Simplified observation‐based pain assessment tools that rely on evaluating non‐verbal expressions of pain should be recommended for children with difficulties to communicate their feelings. Even if there is a high degree of heterogeneity in clinical presentations among youth with CI, two tools (NCCPC‐PV and FLACC) have emerged as reliable and valid in this population.
Development and external validation of a prediction model for patient‐relevant outcomes in patients with chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia
Authors: Moen V. P. , Tveter A. T. , Herbert R. D. , Hagen K. B.
Published: March 2022

Background

The objective of this study was to develop prediction models and explore the external validity of the models in a large sample of patients with chronic widespread pain (CWP) and fibromyalgia (FM).

Methods

Patients with CWP and FM referred to rehabilitation services in Norway (n = 986) self‐reported data on potential predictors prior to entering rehabilitation, and self‐reported outcomes at one‐year follow‐up. Logistic regression models of improvement, worsening and work status, and a linear regression model of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), were developed using lasso regression. Externally validated estimates of model performance were obtained from the validation set.

Results

The number of participants in the development and the validation sets was 771 and 215 respectively; only participants with outcome data (n = 519–532 and 185, respectively) were included in the analyses. On average, HRQoL and work status changed little over one year. The prediction models included 10–11 predictors. Discrimination (AUC statistic) for prediction of outcome at follow‐up was 0.71 for improvement, 0.67 for worsening, and 0.87 for working. The median absolute error of predictions of HRQoL was 0.36 (0.22–0.51). Reasonably good predictions of working at follow‐up and HRQoL could be obtained using only the baseline scores as predictors.

Conclusions

Moderately complex prediction models (10–11 predictors) generated poor to excellent predictions of patient‐relevant outcomes. Simple prediction models of working and HRQoL at follow‐up may be nearly as accurate and more practical.

Significance

Prediction modelling of outcome in rehabilitation has been sparsely explored. Such models may guide clinical decision‐making. This study developed and externally validated prediction models for outcomes of people with chronic widespread pain and fibromyalgia in a rehabilitation setting. Multivariable prediction models generated poor to excellent predictions of patient‐relevant outcomes, but the complexity of these models may reduce their clinical utility. Simple univariable prediction models were nearly as accurate and may have more potential for use in clinical practice.
Multifunctional Additive of Potassium Cinnamate Improve Crystallization and Passivate Defect for Perovskite Solar Cell with Efficiency Exceeding 22%
Authors: Huxin Luo , Liu Xingchong , Gong Xiaoli , Zhou Ruonan , Peng Xian , Ouyang Yukun , Zhuang Jia , Li Haimin , Wang Hanyu
Published: March 2022

Perovskites with high film quality and low defect density are considered the essential condition for obtaining high‐performance perovskite devices. Herein, a simple and effective multifunctional additive of potassium cinnamate (PC) is doped into a perovskite precursor solution to improve the film quality and passivate the defect. It is revealed that the PC additives can react with the perovskite compositions, which affect the crystallization of perovskite and eventually form a high‐quality perovskite film. In addition, the PC additive still exists in the perovskite film after annealing, which effectively passivates the defects in perovskites. It is found that the PC‐doped devices exhibit improved photoluminescence intensity, increased carrier lifetimes, and reduced charge recombination. As a result, due to the improvement of film quality and efficient defect passivation, the doped device delivers a champion photoelectric conversion efficiency of 22.00%, which is significantly higher than 18.96% of the pristine device. The doped device maintains 86% of its maximum efficiency after aging for 5 months, which significantly improves long‐term stability compared to 62% of the original device. Herein, a new idea for designing efficient additives is provided to further enhance the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Salt‐marsh retreat on different time scales: Issues and prospects from a 5‐year monitoring campaign in the Venice Lagoon
Authors: Mel Riccardo A. , Bendoni Michele , Steffinlongo Daniele
Published: March 2022

Lateral edge erosion is one of the main mechanisms leading to loss volume of salt marshes. Given the relatively large number of field measurements of eroding salt marshes reported in the literature, and the different ways they were performed, some natural questions arise. (i) What is the relationship between wave climate and erosion rate at different time scales? (ii) How can the surveys based on a single meteorological event support large‐scale monitoring campaigns? (iii) What are the main meteorological and morphological parameters correlated to the erosion process? (iv) Why do only some marshes show cantilever profiles? (v) What are the most common issues to deal with in monitoring campaigns? Most of the previous studies considered large spatial and temporal scales only, providing an estimation of the overall behaviour of the system without identifying the specific role of each event. In this study, we attempted to answer these questions by investigating the lateral evolution of salt marsh margins located in the Venice Lagoon at different time scales, combining marsh retreat measurements, remote sensing data and numerical modelling. Field data were collected monthly for 5 years (2014–2018), covering 26 storms. A linear relation linking erosion rate to wave power is confirmed at different time scales, with a decreasing slope at higher elevation of the marsh bank that explains the occurrence of cantilever profiles. Mass failures can occur over long‐period cycles, related to the geomorphic characteristics of the area. Finally, the major issues affecting the in‐situ monitoring campaigns have been highlighted.
Microglia integration into human midbrain organoids leads to increased neuronal maturation and functionality
Authors: Sabate‐Soler Sonia , Nickels Sarah Louise , Saraiva Cláudia , Berger Emanuel , Dubonyte Ugne , Barmpa Kyriaki , Lan Yan Jun , Kouno Tsukasa , Jarazo Javier , Robertson Graham , Sharif Jafar , Koseki Haruhiko , Thome Christian , Shin Jay W. , Cowley Sally A. , Schwamborn Jens C.
Published: March 2022

The human brain is a complex, three‐dimensional structure. To better recapitulate brain complexity, recent efforts have focused on the development of human‐specific midbrain organoids. Human iPSC‐derived midbrain organoids consist of differentiated and functional neurons, which contain active synapses, as well as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. However, the absence of microglia, with their ability to remodel neuronal networks and phagocytose apoptotic cells and debris, represents a major disadvantage for the current midbrain organoid systems. Additionally, neuroinflammation‐related disease modeling is not possible in the absence of microglia. So far, no studies about the effects of human iPSC‐derived microglia on midbrain organoid neural cells have been published. Here we describe an approach to derive microglia from human iPSCs and integrate them into iPSC‐derived midbrain organoids. Using single nuclear RNA Sequencing, we provide a detailed characterization of microglia in midbrain organoids as well as the influence of their presence on the other cells of the organoids. Furthermore, we describe the effects that microglia have on cell death and oxidative stress‐related gene expression. Finally, we show that microglia in midbrain organoids affect synaptic remodeling and increase neuronal excitability. Altogether, we show a more suitable system to further investigate brain development, as well as neurodegenerative diseases and neuroinflammation.
Resting functional connectivity of the left inferior frontal gyrus with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction reflects the social network size for active interactions
Authors: Mori Kazuma , Haruno Masahiko
Published: March 2022

The size of an individual active social network is a key parameter of human social behavior and is correlated with subjective well‐being. However, it remains unknown how the social network size of active interactions is represented in the brain. Here, we examined whether resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) connectivity is associated with the social network size of active interactions using behavioral data of a large sample (N = 222) on Twitter. Region of interest (ROI)‐to‐ROI analysis, graph theory analysis, seed‐based analysis, and decoding analysis together provided compelling evidence that people who have a large social network size of active interactions, as measured by “reply,” show higher fMRI connectivity of the left inferior frontal gyrus with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and temporoparietal junction, which represents the core of the theory of mind network. These results demonstrated that people who have a large social network size of active interactions maintain activity of the identified functional connectivity in daily life, possibly providing a mechanism for efficient information transmission between the brain networks related to language and theory‐of‐mind.
Pediatric intraoperative nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery: A review from the American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section and the International Neural Monitoring Study Group
Authors: Diercks Gillian R. , Rastatter Jeff C. , Kazahaya Ken , Kamani Dipti , Quintanilla‐Dieck Lourdes , Shindo Maisie L. , Hartnick Christopher , Shin Jennifer J. , Singer Michael C. , Stack Brendan C. , Chen Amy Y. , St. John Maie A. , Scharpf Joseph , Agrawal Nishant , Jayawardena Asitha D. L. , Iwata Ayaka J. , Okose Okenwa , Wang Bo , McIlroy Dioan , Cheung Anthony , Wu Che Wei , Chiang Feng Yu , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Barczynski Marcin , Brauckhoff Katrin , Lorenz Kerstin , Hartl Dana , Tolley Neil , Brooks Jennifer A. , Schneider Rick , Dralle Henning , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Randolph Gregory W.
Published: March 2022

Children are more likely to experience recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during thyroid surgery. Intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) may assist in nerve identification and surgical decision making. A literature review of pediatric IONM was performed and used to inform a monitoring technique guide and expert opinion statements. Pediatric IONM is achieved using a variety of methods. When age‐appropriate endotracheal tubes with integrated surface electrodes are not available, an alternative method should be used. Patient age and surgeon experience with laryngoscopy influence technique selection; four techniques are described in detail. Surgeons must be familiar with the nuances of monitoring technique and interpretation; opinion statements address optimizing this technology in children. Adult IONM guidelines may offer strategies for surgical decision making in children. In some cases, delay of second‐sided surgery may reduce bilateral RLN injury risk.
Post‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation relapse: Role of checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Roshandel Elham , Tavakoli Farzaneh , Parkhideh Sayeh , Akhlaghi Sedigheh Sadat , Ardakani Maria Tavakoli , Soleimani Masoud
Published: March 2022

Background and Aims

Despite the revolutionary effects of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in treating hematological malignancies, post‐HSCT relapse is considered a critical concern of clinicians. Residual malignant cells employ many mechanisms to evade immune surveillance and survive to cause relapse after transplantation. One of the immune‐frustrating mechanisms through which malignant cells can compromise the antitumor effects is misusing the self‐limiting system of immune response by overexpressing inhibitory molecules to interact with the immune cells, leading them to so‐called “exhausted” and ineffective. Introduction of these molecules, known as immune checkpoints, and blocking them was a prodigious step to decrease the relapses.

Methods

Using keywords nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab, we investigated the literature to figure out the role of the immune checkpoints in the HSCT setting. Studies in which these agents were administrated for relapse after transplantation were reviewed. Factors such as the interval from the transplant to relapse, previous treatment history, adverse events, and the patients’ outcome were extracted.

Results

Here we provided a mini‐review discussing the experiences of three immune checkpoints, including nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab, as well as the pros and cons of using their blockers in relapse control after HSCT. In conclusion, it seems that CI therapy seems effective for this population. Future investigations may provide detailed outlook of this curative options.
Considerations for using reproduction data in toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic modeling
Authors: Jager Tjalling , Trijau Marie , Sherborne Neil , Goussen Benoit , Ashauer Roman
Published: March 2022

Toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TKTD) modeling is essential to make sense of the time dependence of toxic effects, and to interpret and predict consequences of time-varying exposure. These advantages have been recognized in the regulatory arena, especially for environmental risk assessment of pesticides, where time-varying exposure is the norm. We critically evaluate the link between the modeled variables in TKTD models and the observations from laboratory ecotoxicity tests. For the endpoint reproduction, this link is far from trivial. The relevant TKTD models for sublethal effects are based on dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, which specifies a continuous investment flux into reproduction. In contrast, experimental tests score egg or offspring release by the mother. The link between model and data is particularly troublesome when a species reproduces in discrete clutches and, even more so, when eggs are incubated in the mother's brood pouch (and release of neonates is scored in the test). This situation is quite common among aquatic invertebrates (e.g., cladocerans, amphipods, mysids), including many popular test species. In this discussion paper, we treat these and other issues with reproduction data, reflect on their potential impact on DEB-TKTD analysis, and provide preliminary recommendations to correct them. Both modelers and users of model results need to be aware of these complications, as ignoring them could easily lead to unnecessary failure of DEB-TKTD models during calibration, or when validating them against independent data for other exposure scenarios. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:479–487. © 2021 SETAC
Epstein‐Barr virus‐related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma type methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders presenting in the adrenal gland
Authors: Doi Kazuki , Muramaki Mototsugu , Yamamoto Tetsuro , Katsura Daiki , Fukunaga Hiroyuki , Takahashi Kosuke , Matsumoto Minori , Yamada Yuji
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders appear during treatment with methotrexate as an immunosuppressive drug. However, the mechanism and frequency are still unknown, and the treatment is undefined.

Case presentation

A 76‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital with back pain, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor in the right adrenal region. She had received methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Enhanced computed tomography showed a tumor of 90 mm in diameter on the dorsal side of the liver abutting to the inferior vena cava. The preoperative diagnosis was a hepatic invasion of right adrenocortical carcinoma and right adrenalectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The final diagnosis was methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders.

Conclusion

It is important to consider methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorders before surgery when neoplastic lesions are found in patients taking methotrexate.
Optical coherence tomography evaluation of the spatiotemporal effects of3Dbone marrow stromal cell culture using a bioreactor
Authors: Yamaguchi Jun , Onodera Tomohiro , Homan Kentaro , Liang Xu , Matsuoka Masatake , Miyazaki Takuji , Yoshiaki Hosokawa , Saito Mitsuru , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: March 2022

Performing cell culture in a three‐dimensional (3D) environment has various advantages. In cartilage tissue engineering, 3D in vitro cultures utilizing biomaterials and bioreactors can mimic the biological environment. However, the biggest drawback of these 3D culture systems is a limited ability to evaluate 3D cell distribution. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently been used to evaluate 3D cellular morphology and structure in a timely manner. Here, we showed that OCT could be used to visually assess the distribution and the morphology of bone marrow stromal cells under chondrogenic 3D cultivation using alginate gels and rotary culture. In particular, OCT was able to visualize living cells embedded in alginate gels in a non‐destructive and 3D manner, as well as quantitatively evaluate cell distribution and spheroid volume. We also found that cells were centralized in rotary culture but peripherally distributed in static culture, while rotary culture enhanced the hypertrophy of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) embedded in alginate gels. Together, our findings demonstrate that OCT can be used to evaluate the spatiotemporal effects of 3D cultivation using alginate gels and rotary culture. Therefore, this method may allow the observation of pre‐cultured tissue over time and the optimization of culture conditions for regenerative tissue engineering.
Evaluation of a cardiac troponin process flow at the chest pain center with the shortest turnaround time
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Xinyue , Wang Kouqiong , Duan Xincen , Jiang Wenhai , Tang Bin , Pan Baishen , Wang Beili , Guo Wei
Published: March 2022

Background

Early diagnosis of myocardial infarction is crucial in chest pain management and cardiac troponin (cTn) test is an important step in it. Process improvement to shorten the test turnaround time (TAT) may improve patients’ outcomes. The cTn test at chest pain center (CPC) of Zhongshan Hospital had the shortest TAT ever reported, but its process flow was not fully evaluated.

Methods

We performed a stepwise evaluation of CPC cTn TAT and explored the potential factor that might cause delay. The performance of CPC cTn test was also compared with cTn test and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test ordered from emergency department (ED).

Results

At least 95% of CPC cTn tests were completed in 60 min, while 62% in 30 min. The medians of monthly order‐to‐collect time, collect‐to‐received time, and received‐to‐result time were ~7 min, ~3 min, and ~13 min, respectively. The samples collected at the bedside had longer collect‐to‐received time than the ones collected at the blood draw site next to the laboratory. Compared to ED cTn test and ED HCG test, CPC cTn test took less time in each step. A combination of the sample type switch and the centrifugation time reduction contributed the most to the shortening of TAT, which was reflected in the received‐to‐result time.

Conclusions

The current process flow of CPC cTn test satisfied the requirements of chest pain management, giving an example of how to implement process improvement for emergency medicine to shorten TAT of laboratory tests.
Bringing about the data revolution in development: What data skills do aspiring development professionals need?
Authors: Bennett Rachel , Alberti Gianmarco , Çibik Aytekin , Eremenko Tatiana , Formosa Saviour , Formosa‐Pace Janice , Jiménez‐Buedo María , Lynch Kenneth , Salazar Leire , Ubeda Paloma
Published: March 2022

The post‐2015 agenda calls for a ‘data revolution in development’ and recognises that statistical capacity amongst the workforce is a prerequisite for achieving it. Universities have a critical role to play in building this capacity. This paper reports insights from in‐depth interviews with development professionals in Malta, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom about current and future data skills needs. It presents recommendations on data skills training for aspiring development professionals informed by this evidence, with a particular focus on curriculum in social science related undergraduate programmes at universities.
Prediction of the performance of pre‐packed purification columns through machine learning
Authors: Jiang Qihao , Seth Sohan , Scharl Theresa , Schroeder Tim , Jungbauer Alois , Dimartino Simone
Published: March 2022

Pre‐packed columns have been increasingly used in process development and biomanufacturing thanks to their ease of use and consistency. Traditionally, packing quality is predicted through rate models, which require extensive calibration efforts through independent experiments to determine relevant mass transfer and kinetic rate constants. Here we propose machine learning as a complementary predictive tool for column performance. A machine learning algorithm, extreme gradient boosting, was applied to a large data set of packing quality (plate height and asymmetry) for pre‐packed columns as a function of quantitative parameters (column length, column diameter, and particle size) and qualitative attributes (backbone and functional mode). The machine learning model offered excellent predictive capabilities for the plate height and the asymmetry (90 and 93%, respectively), with packing quality strongly influenced by backbone (∼70% relative importance) and functional mode (∼15% relative importance), well above all other quantitative column parameters. The results highlight the ability of machine learning to provide reliable predictions of column performance from simple, generic parameters, including strategic qualitative parameters such as backbone and functionality, usually excluded from quantitative considerations. Our results will guide further efforts in column optimization, for example, by focusing on improvements of backbone and functional mode to obtain optimized packings.
Multiresidue screening of pesticides in Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Yue Ke‐Xin , Li Han‐Lin , Pi Zi‐Feng , Song Feng‐Rui , Wang Ying‐Ping , Liu Zhong‐Ying
Published: March 2022

In this study, an efficient screening method based on a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was established for the determination of 90 pesticides residues in Panax Ginseng. The accuracy of the method was then verified by analyzing the false positive rate and the screening detection limit in Ginseng. The results revealed that the screening detection limit of 33 of 90 pesticide residues were 0.01 mg·kg−1, 22 species were 0.05 mg·kg−1, 11 species were 0.10 mg·kg−1, 8 species were 0.20 mg·kg−1, and another 16 species were greater than 0.20 mg·kg−1. A total of 73 pesticides were ultimately suitable to be practically applied for rapid analysis of pesticide residues in Ginseng. Finally, the established method was used to analyze the pesticide residues in 35 Ginseng samples available on the market. And the residual of dimethomorph, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and pyraclostrobin was relatively severe in Ginseng samples. This work expanded the range of pesticides detected and provided a rapid, effective method for pesticides screening in Ginseng.
Towards evaluating gully erosion volume and erosion rates in the Chambal badlands, Central India
Authors: Raj Raveena , Yunus Ali P. , Pani Padmini , Avtar Ram
Published: March 2022

High‐resolution multi‐temporal digital elevation model (DEM) are key to accurate mapping of gully erosion volume change studies. Owing to the lack of multi‐temporal DEM at a high spatial resolution, gully development rate, and gully erosion‐fill volume change estimates in the Indian badlands are poorly studied. Our study explored the use of multi‐temporal TerraSAR‐X add‐on for digital elevation measurement (TanDEM‐X) derived elevation models to quantify the erosion volume and gully susceptibility mapping in the Chambal badlands, Central India. The average volume of gully erosion based on the DEM subtraction method in the study area was found to be 135 × 105 m3, and the estimated annual rate of soil erosion was ~284 t hr−1 yr−1. Using machine learning models, we trained these data for gully erosion susceptibilities and volume prediction for a larger study region; and validated the results with independent samples. The accuracy of the model in terms of area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) values has reached 0.85 for training and 0.87 for validation, indicating satisfactory model performance. After validation, the best fit model was implemented onto a testing site (no multi‐temporal DEM available) in order to predict erosion zones and erosion volume estimation. The model predicted that about 40% of the area is highly affected by gully erosion, with the maximum gullying process in the north‐Central and lowest in the southwest parts of the testing area. The research framework presented in this study can be useful in estimating the erosion rate in the badlands of the Chambal Valley and can be used effectively in ravine reclamation projects.
ORCID growth and field‐wise dynamics of adoption: A case study of the Toulouse scientific area
Authors: Heusse Marie‐Dominique , Cabanac Guillaume
Published: March 2022

Research‐focused information systems harvest and promote the scientific output of researchers. Disambiguating author identities is key when disentangling homonyms to avoid merging several persons' records. ORCID offers an identifier to link one's identity, affiliations and bibliography. While funding agencies and scholarly publishers promote ORCID, little is known about its adoption rate. We introduce a method to quantify ORCID adoption according to researchers' discipline and occupation in a higher‐education organization. We semi‐automatically matched the 6,607 staff members affiliated to the 145 labs of the Toulouse scientific area with the 7.3 million profiles at orcid.org. The observed ORCID adoption of 41.8% comes with discipline‐wise disparities. Unexpectedly, only 48.3% of all profiles listed at least one work and profiles with no works might just have been created to get an identifier. Those ‘empty’ profiles are of little interest for the entity disambiguation task. To our knowledge, this is the first study of ORCID adoption at the scale of a multidisciplinary scientific metropole. This method is replicable and future studies can target other cases to contrast the dynamics of ORCID adoption worldwide.
Highly Flame‐Retarded Epoxy Thermoset Imparted by Bio‐Based Phosphorus/Nitrogen‐Containing Furan Derivative with Enhanced Mechanical Toughness
Authors: Fu Liyun , liu Xing , Zhou Yubin , Wu Minghong , Liu Shumei , Zhao Jianqing , Mo Yueqi
Published: March 2022

A bio‐based phosphorus/nitrogen‐containing furan derivative, 6,6′′,6′′′‐((((1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl) tris(oxy))tris(benzene‐4,1‐diyl))tris(((furan‐2‐ylmethyl) amino)methylene)) tris(dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6‐oxide) (TFAD) is successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The introduction of TFAD clearly lowers the activation energy for diglycidyl ether of a bisphenol A (DGEBA)/4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) system. The DGEBA/DDM/ TFAD thermoset achieves UL‐94 V‐0 rating and possesses a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.1% as the content of phosphorus is up to 0.41 wt.%. Further, compared with unmodified epoxy thermoset, its peak heat release rate and total heat release experience 42.0% and 14.8% decrement, respectively. The flame‐retardant mechanism analysis confirms that TFAD exerts a fire‐retardant effect in both gaseous and condensed phases. Meanwhile, the impact strength of the flame‐retardant thermoset is enhanced by 35.6%, from 19.5 kJ m–2 for EP‐0 to 26.5 kJ m–2. This work provides a novel strategy to construct superior flame‐retarded epoxy thermosets with admirable impact performance.
Beyond the gimmick: How affective responses drive brand attitudes and intentions in augmented reality marketing
Authors: Zanger Vera , Meißner Martin , Rauschnabel Philipp A.
Published: March 2022

According to recent research in augmented reality (AR) marketing, AR‐based product presentations have the potential to create extraordinary shopping experiences across the customer journey. However, the mechanisms that drive key marketing metrics, such as brand evaluations or purchase intentions, are yet to be thoroughly understood. Drawing on the Affect‐as‐Information Theory, this study placed affective responses, such as customers' enjoyment and inspiration, at the center of decision‐making and conducted two online experiments to empirically investigate (1) the differences in the intensity of affective responses between AR and non‐AR, (2) the interplay between affective and cognitive responses in shaping behavioral outcomes, and (3) the moderating role of customer‐specific factors (customers' AR familiarity and product knowledge) on affective responses. According to the results, although the affective responses increase purchase and word‐of‐mouth intentions directly as well as indirectly through product/brand attitudes, AR does not per se guarantee more positive affective responses; rather, they depend on the technical implementation of AR features and customers' AR expertise, among others.