bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LOW GRADE LUMBAR SPONDYLOLISTHESIS AT L4&L5 AND L5&S1 VERTEBRAE IN RURAL SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION
Authors:   MBBS.MS, MCH, Consultant Neurosurgeon at Malnad Lifeline Hospital, Shimoga., Ahmed Karnul Adil , Mubeen Karnul Azra ,   MBBS. M.D. Associate Professor Department of Anatomy, East Point College of Medical Sciences, Bangalore., Aziz Riyaz Abdul ,   MBBS, MS, MCH. Consultant Neurosurgeon at S S Sparsh Hospital, Bangalore., H.B Mahjabeen ,   MBBS, MBA. Junior Resident at Department of Neurosurgery at Malnad Lifeline Hospital, Shimoga.
Published: May 2022

Objectives: In heavy workers incidence of low back ache is common. Low grade spondylolisthesis has more options of treatment than high grade spondylilosthesis. Therefore, this study was done to find out clinical profile of low-grade spondylolisthesis at L4-L5 and L5-S1 vertebrae in rural south Indian population. Co-relation between Modic change (MC) and grades of spondylolisthesis was also assessed. Material and Methods: Study was carried out for a period of 2 years in 40 patients with age 20-70 years with single-level L4/L5 and L5/S1 low grade spondylolisthesis (Meyerdingâ€™s grade I and II), with clinical and neurological examination, assessment of pain by Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and investigations like X ray, CT scan & MRI. Results: Out of 40 cases, 27.5% were males and female were 72.5%. The most affected age group was 40-60 years (65%). Lower back pain (LBP) was the most common symptom (100%). Straight leg raise test was positive in 81.25%. Sensory and motar deficit was seen in 45% of patients. L4-L5 level is affected in 60% of low grade spondylolisthesis cases. Incidence of Meyerdingâ€™s grade I & II were 67.5% & 32.5% respectively. In both grades females were more in distribution than males and L4-L5 vertebral level was involved significantly. Isthmic (IS) & Degenerative (DS) spondylolisthesis was 82.5% & 17.5% respectively and both incidences were more in females. In IS the level affected was L5-S1 and in DS L4-L5 level. Incidence of MC type1 is 15%, type 2 is 85% and in type3 incidence was not found in any cases. Females showed higher incidence in type1 (83.3%)&type 2 (70.6%) as compared to Males (16.6% & 29.4% respectively) but this difference was not significant(p value>0.05).Type2 Modic changes were found significantlyhigh in grade II spondylolisthesis 70%compared to 30% intype 1(p value=0.02). Summary: Incidence of low spondylolisthesis was more in females and at L4-L5. Modic changes were gender non-specific and grade specific.This study elucidates the clinical presentations of low-grade spondylolisthesis and specific changes associated with it and that will help in tracing factors responsible for it and assessing treatment outcome.
SUB ACUTE HAEMOPHILUS PARAINFLUENZAE ENDOCARDITIS: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: El Belidi Abir , Peret Amelie , Lanot Nicolas , Sultan Pierre
Published: May 2022

Haemophilus species are an infrequent cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis. They are fastidious Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the oropharyngeal microflora, and are slow-growing their growth is enhanced by the presence of carbon dioxide. Herein, we describe the case of a 19-year-old male with no relevant medical history who was admitted for fever and general symptoms and was found to have sub acute native mitral endocarditis secondary to H. parainfluenzae. He underwent successful mitral valve repair with good long term outcomes. This case also highlights the ability of a rare bacterium, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, to cause a sub acute septic process and multiple complications including septic emboli. Early identification of this bacterium from blood cultures and early transoesophageal echocardiography is essential for obtaining the diagnosis and allowing early start of adequate treatment.
DECOMMISSIONING OF TELETHERAPY MACHINE AND TRANSPORT OF DECAYED TELETHERAPY SOURCE
Authors:   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur, India., Saini Priya , Joan Mary ,   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur, India., Stephen Meenu ,   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur, India., Jheeta Kuldeep ,   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur, India., Dana Rohitashwa ,   Department of Radiological Physics, S.M.S Medical College & Hospitals, Jaipur, India.
Published: May 2022

Radioactive Cobalt-60 teletherapy machines find a prominent place in radiation therapy departments in India. The first teletherapy cobalt machine in SMS hospital (Picker Advance Tele Cobalt (ATC) C/9) was installed in 1995. The initial activity of the cobalt source was 333 TBq (9000 Ci).In March 2019, the source output became lesser than 50 cGy/hr at normal treatment distance (NTD) of 80cm which is clinically not acceptable for patient treatment because of increase in treatment time. The decommissioning of the machine was considered due to ageing of machine and vendor was not providing services anymore. This present study describes radiation safety aspect of the planning of decommissioning of teletherapy machine and transport of the decayed Cobalt-60 source for disposal and personnel dose measurements during the procedure. Decommissioning of the cobalt machine began with preparation of a plan and its submission for approval by competent national authority. Radiation survey of the source head was performed before the source transfer operation by AERB certified decommissioning engineers. Then decayed source was unloaded in shielded container (flask Sl No 112) and was kept in another outer container (type B (U) package). It transported for disposal to BRIT, Kota on receipt of transport permission fromAERB.A radiation survey was done in a matrix format of the all sides of this package.To measure the personnel doses, pocket dosimeter, TLD badge and OSLDs were used. The maximum dose received by the engineers was .03mSv. Maximum radiation level at 1 m from the external surface of the package was found 0.83mR/hr. The development of the new concepts and practices in the field of the decommissioning includes the preparation and approval of a decommissioning plan, the actual decommissioning operations as well the safe management of the waste arising from the decommissioning process. Such plans need to be developed for each facility with radiation sources.
TEXTO Y PROFECÍA: EL SIGNIFICADO DE LA BIBLIA Y EL MISTERIO DE LOS PROFETAS SEGÚN ABRAHAM HESCHEL
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, México, Sevilla Godínez Héctor
Published: May 2022

En el presente artículo se explica la perspectiva que Abraham Heschel, rabino y filósofo polaco, propuso respecto a la Biblia. Se acentúan los elementos concretos que identifican a los profetas y su labor e influencia en el mundo hebreo. Aludiendo la relación entre texto y profecía, se argumentará de manera global en torno al valor de la Biblia como palabra de Dios y las implicaciones y límites filosóficos que derivan de una concepción semejante. Del mismo modo, con ánimo crítico se referirán algunos condicionamientos derivados de apartarse de la crítica en el ámbito religioso. Se menciona el sentido sagrado que Heschel observaba en las letras bíblicas, así como su reacción ante el juicio psicológico y sociológico que se ha hecho de los profetas. El texto tiene la pretensión, además, de mostrar algunos esbozos del pensamiento teológico y filosófico de Heschel, quien, a pesar de ser uno de los principales místicos del Siglo XX, ha sido poco conocido hasta ahora en América Latina.
COVID-19 Y NUEVOS DESAFÍOS ANTROPOLÓGICOS: LA ENCÍCLICA LAUDATO SI’ DEL PAPA FRANCISCO COMO BRÚJULA ORIENTADORA
Authors:   Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia, Meluso Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

Este estudio propone una lectura antropológica de la encíclica Laudato Si’, con el fi n de indicar un camino humano en este kairos histórico que estamos llamados a vivir, con la convicción que, cuanto dicho por el Pontífice, asuma una gran relevancia en el nuevo contexto mundial que la pandemia por Covid-19 ha creado, retándonos a re-pensar y resignificar nuestras sociedades y nuestra manera de ser hombres y mujeres. Foco principal de este estudio es la propuesta de la conversión ecológica, que manifiesta las características portantes del proyecto antropológico de Francisco.
Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, Docking Calculations and Hydrolytic
Stability Studies of Bioconjugates of Monofluorenated Analogue of BIM-
23052
Authors: Danalev Dancho , Iliev Ivan , Borisova Dessislava , Dzimbova Tatyana , Pajpanova Tamara , Zaharieva Zdravka , Karadjova Veronika , Foteva Tsvetelina , Naydenova Emilia
Published: May 2022

Background:

The fight against cancer has started since its discovery and has not
subsided to nowadays. Currently, the hybrid molecules have become a promising alternative to the
standard chemotherapeutics for the treatment of multi-causal diseases, including cancers.

Objective:

Herein, we report the synthesis, biological evaluation, mathematical docking calculations
and hydrolytic stability of the new bioconjugates of monofluorinated analogues of BIM-23052,
containing second pharmacophore naphthalimide, caffeic acid or the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp.

Method:

All new molecules are obtained using standard peptide synthesis on solid support.
Anticancer potential is studied against a panel of tumor cell lines included human mammary
carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 (ER+, PR+ and Her-2-); MDA-MB-231 (ER-, PR- and Her-2-), as well
as cell lines BALB 3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) and MCF-10A (human breast epithelial cell
line).

Results:

The IC50 values found in the MCF-10A cell line assay were used to calculate the selective
index (SI). The highest SI relative to MCF-7, with a value of 2.62 is shown by the compound Npht-
Gly-D-Phe-Phe(4-F)-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-NH2. In MCF-10 cells, the weakest antiproliferative
effect was caused by the same compound (IC50 = 622.9 ± 23.91 μM), which makes this
analogue a good candidate for the new anticancer medical drug. Unfortunately, the hydrolytic
stability studies reveal that this bioconjugate is the most unstable of hydrolysis under physiological
conditions in the body.

Conclusion:

Even with lower anticancer activity and selectivity in comparison with Npht-Gly-DPhe-
Phe(4-F)-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-NH2, the compound Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Phe(4-F)-Phe-
D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-NH2 is the best candidate between three investigated bioconjugates for
practical application due to combination of activity and stability profiles. Mathematical docking
calculation also reveals that synthesized bioconjugates show selectivity according to different
somatostatin receptors on the surface of different cell lines.
Applications of Gold Nanoparticles in Brain Diseases across the
Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Zhang Jun , Yang Ting , Huang Wan , Yu Yao , Sun Taolei
Published: May 2022

Brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain tumors and Parkinson's
disease (PD), pose heavy pressure on the public healthcare system. The main obstacle
to vanquish brain diseases is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a selective barrier
mainly formed by brain endothelial cells. BBB prevents almost all drugs from reaching
the brain, thereby hindering drug delivery. Over the past few decades, considerable
signs of progress have been made in crossing the BBB and treating brain diseases. Gold
nanoparticles (AuNPs) demonstrate the characteristics of adjustable size, unique optical
properties, flexible surface modification, and good biocompatibility, which all contribute
AuNPs as a promising candidate in biomedical fields. This article reviews the structure
and properties of BBB, and discusses main transport routes through the BBB. Besides,
nanoparticles, specially AuNPs applied in brain diseases as main drug delivery platforms,
are systematically summarized, emphasizing several methods to modify AuNPs,
including tuning particle size and surface modification, which are aimed at promoting
BBB penetration or prolonging circulation time of AuNPs. In addition, AuNPs utilized in
brain diseases are introduced in detail from the aspects of brain imaging, AD, brain tumors,
and PD. Prospects and challenges that need to be considered in further investigations
and clinical transformation of AuNPs used in brain diseases are also included, hoping
to bring new insights into the applications of AuNPs in brain diseases.
A Global Analysis of Alternative Splicing of Dichocarpum Medicinal
Plants, Ranunculales
Authors: Hao Da-Cheng , Jiang Tao , Chen Hao , Xiao Pei-Gen
Published: May 2022

Background:

The multiple isoforms are often generated from a single gene via alternative splicing (AS) in plants, and the functional diversity of plant genome is significantly increased. Despite well studied gene functions, the specific functions of isoforms are little known, therefore the accurate prediction of isoform functions is exceedingly wanted.

Methods:

Here we perform the first global analysis of AS of Dichocarpum, a medicinal genus of Ranunculales, by utilizing full-length transcriptome datasets of five Chinese endemic Dichocarpum taxa. Multiple softwares were used to identify AS events, the gene function was annotated based on seven databases, and the protein coding sequence of each AS isoform was translated into an amino acid sequence. The self-developed software DIFFUSE was used to predict the functions of AS isoforms.

Results:

Among 8,485 genes with AS events, the genes with two isoforms were the most (6,038), followed by those with three isoforms and four isoforms. Retained intron (RI, 551) was predominant among 1,037 AS events, and alternative 3' splice sites and alternative 5' splice sites were second. The software DIFFUSE was effective in predicting functions of Dichocarpum isoforms, which have not been unearthed. When compared with the sequence alignment-based database annotations, DIFFUSE performed better in differentiating isoform functions. The DIFFUSE predictions on the terms GO:0003677 (DNA binding) and GO: 0010333 (terpene synthase activity) agreed with biological features of transcript isoforms.

Conclusion:

Numerous AS events were for the first time identified from full-length transcriptome datasets of five Dichocarpum taxa, and functions of AS isoforms were successfully predicted by the self-developed software DIFFUSE. The global analysis of Dichocarpum AS events and predicting isoform functions can help understand metabolic regulations of medicinal taxa and their pharmaceutical explorations.
Caralluma edulis (Apocynaceae): A Comprehensive Review on its Traditional
Uses, Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Effects
Authors: Ansari Bushra , Behl Tapan , Pirzada Abdul Saboor , Khan Haroon
Published: May 2022

Caralluma edulis is a well-known species of the genus Caralluma from Apocynaceae, commonly known as chunga. Caralluma species are mostly succulent perennial herbs, several of which are edible species. The plant has an outstanding therapeutic background in the traditional sys-tem of treatment. It has been recommended for the treatment of a number medical disorders such as hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, rheumatism, gastric problems and leprosy. Traditionally the stem was boiled in water and this extract was then used to cure diabetes. The pharmacological ef-fects of C. edulis have also been explored in various in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this regard, the extract of the plant exhibited strong antioxidant, and analgesic activity against inflammation as well as xylene-mediated ear edema as topical effects. The significant anti-hyperlipidemic effect of the plant extract is also reported. However, the extract was found insignificant in the reversal of alloxan-induced diabetes in the rabbit model at test doses. These pharmacological effects are strong-ly supported by the presence of different bioactive phytochemicals in the plant. These groups of compounds include sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, and pregnane glycosides. C. edulis is a very po-tential member of the genus Caralluma with strong traditional history, phytochemistry and phyto-pharmacology, and needs further exploration for clinically used lead compounds. In this review, we have focused on combining different reported data on the traditional uses of the plant, its phyto-chemical profile and pharmacological effects in different experimental assay along with subsequent future prospects.
Gm15886-Hipk1 Signaling Pathway Plays Important Roles in the Pathogenesis
of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Mice
Authors: Zhu Haiyan , Wu Chantong , Bao Tianping , Tian Zhaofang , Cheng Huaiping , Wang Huifang , Wang Wei , Zheng Yafei
Published: May 2022

Background:

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic lung disease in the
respiratory system of premature infants. Gm15886, as a lncRNA, is highly expressed in lung tissue of
BPD newborn mice.

Aims:

This study aimed to clarify the roles of the Gm15886 gene in the pathogenesis of BPD mice by
determining the expression of Gm15886 and Hipk1 in lung tissues.

Methods:

Sequence and localization of the Gm15886 gene and the related information of its adjacent
genes were obtained using the UCSC browsing tool. The targeting gene of the Gm15886 was predicted
using the Ensemble database and double luciferase assay. Neonatal C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 95%
hyperoxia for 7 days to generate the hyperoxia-induced BPD mouse model. RT-PCR assay was used to
detect Gm15886, Hipk1, and VEGF gene transcriptions in lung tissues in the development process of
BPD (0, 3, 5, and 7 days). The pathological changes in lung tissues and Hipk1/VEGF gene transcription
in lung tissues were detected in the Gm15886 gene silenced BPD mice.

Results:

Gm15886 gene transcription in lung tissues was significantly increased in mice of the hyperoxia
model group compared to that in the air control group (p<0.05). Gm15886 gene could completely bind
and interact with the base sequence within the second exon of the Hipk1 gene. Hipk1 was a targeting gene
for Gm15886. Gene transcription and expression of Hipk1 were remarkably enhanced in mice of the hyperoxia
model group compared to that in the air control group (p<0.05). The silencing of the Gm15886
gene improved alveolar morphology and markedly downregulated Hipk1 and upregulated VEGF gene
transcription compared to those in the Blank vector BPD group (p<0.05).

Conclusions:

Gm15886-Hipk1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of BPD through
modulating Hipk1 and VEGF gene transcription. This study might provide a theoretical basis for the
treatment of BPD.
Identification of Novel Nontoxic Mutants of Diphtheria Toxin Unable to
ADP-ribosylate EF2 Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Free
Energy Calculations
Authors: Tarahomjoo Shirin , Ghaderi Soheila , Esmaelizad Majid , Noofeli Mojtaba , Bozorgmehr Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

The Diphtheria vaccine is currently manufactured by chemical inactivation of
Diphtheria toxin (DT) following large-scale cultivation of the pathogenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
The development of non-toxic variants of DT in non-pathogenic recombinant hosts improves the process
safety aspects considerably and is therefore desirable. The cytotoxicity of DT was exerted through ADPribosylation
of elongation factor 2 (EF2) by the catalytic (C) domain of DT using NAD as the ADP donor.

Aim:

We, therefore, aim to design DT variants unable to perform ADP-ribosylation of EF2.

Methods:

We used molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) for docking of the C-domain of DT onto EF2
to identify interacting amino acid fluctuations using the root mean square fluctuation (RMSF). Amino
acids of the C domain possessing low fluctuations and hence low flexibility were then specified and used
for the mutant design. The C domain and the mutants were docked with NAD and ADENYLYL-3'-5'-
PHOSPHO-URIDINE3'-MONOPHOSPHATE (APU) as a C domain inhibitor. G52E showing negligible
NAD binding was also included in our study. Free binding energies of the complexes were calculated and
used to select the desired mutants. Moreover, contact maps of the C domain and the selected mutants
were compared to elucidate their structural differences. The SCRATCH tool was used to estimate their
solubility upon recombinant expression in E. coli. ElliPro was further used to determine their B-cell
epitopes.

Results:

Our results indicated that amino acids Y20, V80, V81, V83, and Y149 within the C domain
showed low flexibility. The constructed mutants, including Y20E and Y80E were able to bind APU,
whereas Y149E was not able to bind it. Both Y20E and Y149E were unable to bind NAD. Thus, these
mutants did not have ADP-ribosylation activity and were nontoxic. These were structurally different from
the C domain. However, their solubility in E. coli and their conformational B-cell epitopes were similar to
those of the C domain.

Conclusion:

Therefore, Y20E and Y149E are applicable for the vaccine design with DT using a much
safer process compared to the commercial process.
A Review on the Recent Multicomponent Synthesis of 4H-Pyran Derivatives
Authors: El-Bana Ghada G. , Salem Mohammed A. , Helal Mohamed H. , Alharbi Osama , Gouda Moustafa A.
Published: May 2022

4H-Pyran is a well-known moiety, which appears in various natural and synthetic products. These compounds include various biological activities like anti-hepatotoxic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-spasmolytic, diuretic, estrogenic, anticoagulant, antifungal, antiviral, anti-helminthic, antimicrobial, hypothermal, anti-tubercular, anti-HIV, herbicidal, anticonvulsant and analgesic activity. This review has summarized an overview of general strategies that allow the design of 4H-pyran derivatives via catalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions.
Case Report on Pulmonary Involvement in a Patient with Adult Still’s Disease
Authors: Rachina Svetlana , Dvoretsky Leonid , Torgashina Anna , Dubrovskaya Nelli , Hewathanthirige Girindu
Published: May 2022

Background:

Pulmonary manifestations and lung impairment are rarely associated with
the Adult Still's Disease and are reported in less than 5%.

Case Presentation:

The present clinical case describes the Adult Still's Disease with pulmonary involvement
in a 45- year-old male. The main clinical manifestations included continuous fever, failure
to respond to antibiotic therapy, skin rashes, musculoskeletal syndrome and pharyngitis. Additionally,
bronchopulmonary lymphadenopathy, interstitial changes and dense foci with clear contours
were detected in the lungs. Laboratory abnormalities included neutrophilic leukocytosis, increased
ALT, AST, and elevated serum inflammatory marker levels. A cyclical course characterised
the disease with strictly defined time intervals between flare-ups and remissions. After the prescription
of methylprednisolone with the subsequent addition of methotrexate, complete regression of
clinical symptoms, normalization of laboratory tests, and partial regression of computed tomography
findings in the lungs were observed.

Conclusions:

Despite the low incidence, pulmonary involvement is an unfavorable manifestation of
Adult Still's Disease. An individual feature of this case report was the asymptomatic lung involvement
manifested only by changes revealed through computed tomography. For a long time, flareups
of the disease were considered bacterial infections of unclear nature requiring systemic antibiotics.
Effect of Postharvest Treatments on the Biosynthesis of Fruit Volatile
Compounds: A Literature Review
Authors: Magalhães Hilton César Rodrigues , Garruti Deborah dos Santos , Gandra Eliezer Ávila , Purgatto Eduardo
Published: May 2022

Fruits have different aromatic profiles according to their stage of ripeness, therefore, volatile compounds profile is an important quality attribute, which also determines flavor and aroma characteristics, making this profile a perfect option to guide the optimization of postharvest treatment of fruits. In this context, the objective was to discuss the effects of postharvest treatments, associating them with the biosynthesis of volatile compounds in fruits. There are three major groups of fruit flavor precursors: carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids. The biosynthesis of volatile compounds is directly related to metabolic changes that occur according to the fruit ripening stage. This process occurs under the regulation of hormones, which have ethylene as one of the main agents. Several hormones are also part of this complex mechanism and interact by regulating ethylene levels positively or negatively to form a fine adjustment. Therefore, hormonal treatments have an impact on the biosynthesis of volatile compounds in different ways. Other postharvest treatments such as cold storage, controlled atmosphere, and UV radiation can also impact the volatile compounds biosynthesis, but are generally used synergistically, which circumvents the negative effects on the aromatic profile of the fruits.
UPLC-MS-based Method Development, Validation, and Optimization of
Dissolution Using Quality by Design Approach for Low Dose Digoxin: A
Novel Strategy
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Patel Hitesh B. , P.R. Hemanth Vikram , Beeraka Narasimha M. , Gurupadayya B.M.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Digoxin, a cardiac glycoside is the one of the most significant drugs of choice for the congestive heart failure treatment. As Digoxin is a BCS class IV drug, the dissolution is a critical quality attribute for its tablet formulation.

Methods:

Current work aims to quantify the dissolution drug release for low dosage digoxin of 0.0625mg tablets with targeted drug release of more than 80% at 60 minutes by highly sensitive, fast, and versatile UPLC-MS technique. UPLC-MS method operated by positive ionization mode with ACQUITY UPLC C18 (2.1 cm x 100 mm, 1.8 µm) column and flow rate of 0.3ml/min has been developed and validated for parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) as per the ICH guidelines.

Results:

LOD was found to be 21 ng/mL. Collision energy for digoxin was observed as 35eV for QDa mass detector along with 803.5m/z precursor ion and 651m/z daughter ion. An optimal custom experimental design was employed to optimize the final dissolution conditions. The critical dissolution factors selected for optimization were pH of dissolution media, dissolution media volume, rpm (rotations per minute). The %drug release (DR) was selected as a critical quality attribute with the desired response of drug release >80% at 60minutes. Outcomes of the design were further evaluated by statistical tools including ANOVA. The final optimized dissolution method consists of 500mL of pH 7.4 buffer with a USP apparatus of I (Basket) rotating at 120 rpm.

Conclusion:

In this current work, we have optimized the dissolution conditions by QbD, and developed a sensitive UPLC-MS method for quantification of digoxin, that can be used in routine quality control purposes efficiently in dissolution testing and quantification of batches of low dose digoxin tablets.
WITHDRAWN: Nigella Fixed Oil Mitigates Memory Impairment in a Rat-Aged Model of Cognitive Decline; A Pivotal Role of BDNF and CREB Signaling Pathways in the Hippocampus
Authors: Kadil Youness , Filali Houda
Published: May 2022

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Advances and Challenges of Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Shui-Hua , Zhang Yu-Dong
Published: May 2022

This editorial presents the recent advances and challenges of deep learning. We reviewed four main challenges: heterogeneity, copious size, reproducibility crisis, and explainability. Finally, we present the prospect of deep learning in industrial applications.
Microwave-induced Facile Synthesis of Highly Strained Three-membered Ring Compounds and Some of Their Reactions
Authors: Banik Bimal Krishna , Kaur Manpreet
Published: May 2022

Compounds with three membered rings experience greater strain than those with other ring systems. In general, the synthesis of small ring compounds, particularly three-membered molecules, faces major challenges because of the severe strain in this system. Moreover, microwaveassisted method creates a higher temperature due to the heat and radiation of a reaction mixture more rapidly than conventional methods. This paper reports the successful synthesis of threemembered heterocyclic compounds via microwave-assisted reactions. Microwaves have assisted in making three-membered compounds while inducing high energy to the reaction mixtures. No reviews have reported the synthesis of these types of molecules either by microwave or conventional procedure. In addition, the reaction of a few three-membered ring compounds to other products through the ring rupture method is also included. On this basis of the chemistry (formation and breakage) of three-membered compounds described here, this report can be considered novel, timely, and highly significant. This review may help numerous researchers for further study in this field as the synthesis and cleavage of three-membered ring structures using a microwave is a challenging objective.
Molnupiravir in COVID-19: A Scoping Review
Authors: Atal Shubham , Kaore Shilpa
Published: May 2022

Background:

COVID-19, first detected in Wuhan, China, has evolved into a lifethreatening
pandemic spread across six continents, with the global case count being more than 243
million, and mortality over 4.95 million, along with causing significant morbidity. It has initiated
an era of research on repurposed drugs such as hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir,
corticosteroids, remedesivir, ivermectin, alongside selective antivirals to treat or prevent COVID-
19. Molnupiravir is an orally available emerging antiviral drug considered highly promising for
COVID-19.

Methods and results:

We have performed a scoping review for the use of molnupiravir against
SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. It acts by inhibiting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and
exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Preclinical studies have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy
as well as prophylactic activity of molnupiravir against SARS CoV-2 in various animal models
that include ferrets, hamsters, mice, immunodeficient mice implanted with human lung tissue and
cell cultures, in various doses ranging from 5-300 mg/kg, and results have been encouraging. Initial
evidence of safety and efficacy from early phase clinical studies has been encouraging too, and
recent results from a large phase 3 global trial have shown significant benefits among symptomatic
outpatients. Other late-phase clinical trials are still underway with the aim of establishing molnulpiravir
as a therapeutic option for COVID-19, particularly for non-hospitalized patients.

Conclusions and Relevance:

On the basis of the limited evidence available as of now, molnupiravir
could prove to be a promising oral therapy, worthy of further exploration of its utility for both
treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in humans. Elaborate clinical evaluation is further warranted
to confirm whether the results are replicable to the clinical scenario among outpatients to
reduce the chance of progression to more severe disease.
Genetic Association of VDR gene Apa1 and Taq1 Variants with Scleroderma in an Iranian Northeast Population
Authors: Mehrad-Majd Hassan , Mirfeizi Seyedeh Zahra , Nabizadeh-Marvast Majid , Jokar Mohammad-Hassan , Rafatpanah Houshang , Hashemzadeh Kamila
Published: May 2022

Background:

Despite vigorous research efforts, the etiology of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis (SSc)) remains still unclear and both genetic and environmental factors clearly contribute to the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Reports of aberrant vitamin D status in scleroderma patients suggest a need for considering the genotype and allele frequencies of VDR gene polymorphisms. This case-control study aimed to investigate the possible association of two common polymor-phisms of the VDR gene (ApaI, and TaqI) with susceptibility to scleroderma in an Iranian popula-tion.

Methods:

Using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms in the VDR region were genotyped in 51 patients with scle-roderma and 50 healthy controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the geno-types odds ratios (ORs) as a measure of association with the presence of scleroderma. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analyses were also performed on the detected genotypes.

Results:

No significant differences were found for the allelic and genotype distributions of ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms between patients with scleroderma and healthy controls (p>0.05). In hap-lotype analysis, three haplotypes TA, CA, and TC, with a frequency greater than 1% were identi-fied. However, none of them was associated with the risk of scleroderma.

Conclusion:

Our preliminary study showed no evidence of an association between ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms and scleroderma. As the association between VDR polymorphisms and autoimmune diseases varies across the different ethnic populations, further large cohort studies are necessary to confirm the results.
Analisis Pengembangan E-Government pada Layanan Administrasi Pemerintahan (Studi pada “SURADI” di Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi Kota Malang)
Authors: Ratnasari Mega Oktavia Budi , Noor Irwan , Hidayati Firda
Published: May 2022

This study aims to analyze the development of e-government on an electronic-based government system. The object of this research is the development of SURADI as a form of government administration service that applies the concept of e-government in the Communication and Information Office of Malang City. So, this study will look at the extent to which SURADI as a form of e-government development is analyzed based on the theoretical concept of e-government development. The elements of e-government development include support, capacity, value, willingness, and local culture. The results of this study indicate that the development of SURADI by the Department of Communication and Information as an online-based government system for government administration services in Malang City is going well by using the five elements of e-government development well. As for the supporting factors and inhibiting factors in the implementation of the development of SURADI, it is necessary to take steps to improve and improve the system development based on five elements in accordance with the available supporting factors.
Peer observation, self-assessment, and circuit learning: improving critical thinking and physical fitness in physical education
Authors: Bayu Wahyu Indra , Nurhasan Nurhasan , Suroto Suroto , Solahuddin Soleh
Published: May 2022

Learning, which focuses on higher-level thinking skills, can be applied in the physical education curriculum through games and sports, movement education, and outdoor education. This study aims to produce a learning model that effectively improves the physical fitness and critical thinking skills of students. Purposive sampling was used in selecting research sample members in which 308 (M: 153 and F: 155) fifth-grade students participated in this study. Two groups were selected as research subjects divided into small groups for the first stage test (N: 123; M: 56; F: 67; Average age: 10.82) and large groups for the second stage test (N: 185; M: 97; F: 88; Average age: 10.70). Five indicators of critical thinking skills were measured through a critical thinking skills instrument. Meanwhile, the indicators of physical fitness tests include BMI, Sit and Reach, Sit-Up, Trunk Lift, and PACER 20-M. The results showed that physical education, oriented towards peer observation carried out during the learning process, self-assessment carried out by students, and packed in the circuit learning method is proven to improve critical thinking skills and physical fitness.
Discussion method accuracy in Islamic higher education: the influence of gender and teaching duration
Authors: Tambak Syahraini , Hamzah Hamzah , Ahmad M. Yusuf , Siregar Erma Linda , Sukenti Desi , Sabdin Mashitah , Rohimah Ratu Bai
Published: May 2022

Discussion method are increasingly popular in the learning, but in terms of its accuracy, mixed results are reported without clear reasons. This research aims to explore the impact of gender and teaching duration on discussion method accuracy in Islamic higher education. To evaluate the accuracy of the use of the discussion method, lecturer's teaching duration and gender, a quantitative study with a correlation approach was used. A research project, which deals with the use of discussion methods in lectures using questionnaires, was carried out in two faculties at two universities. Data were collected from 175 lecturers involved in this research. The analysis is differentiated based on the gender and level of teaching duration of lecturers in the competencies being assessed. The results show that the accuracy of the use of the discussion method is low and is related to the gender of the lecturer, that males perceive themselves to be higher in the use of the discussion method than females, and that even using method analysis with methods and implementation in the classroom. Lecturers who teach more than 30 years tend to have higher accuracy in using the discussion method than those with lesser tenure. The findings of this study have implications for the development of "the use of discussion methods in higher education" and it is necessary to examine the reasons behind this difference and to look for steps to improve the accuracy of the use of the discussion method.
Does the motivation and parents involvement affected by distance learning media during pandemic covid 19?
Authors: Sujarwo Sujarwo , Kusumawardani Erma , Nurmalasari Yuli
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has been increasing the demand for creative and innovative strategies for early childhood education in achieving adequate educational goals. The present study aimed to empirically find out the effect of the use of tutorial video and children worksheet on preschool children’s motivation and parents’ involvement in accompanying children during study from home period. This research is experimental with a one-group pre-test-post-test experimental design. The population of this study were parents of grade A kindergarten children consisting of 8 kindergarten schools through purposive. Each class consists of 12-20 parents. The research sample consisting of two classes was divided into class A as an experimental group and class B as control group. Data collection using parental involvement and motivation questionnaires, observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used used T-test and analysis of variance (ANAVA) paths. The results showed that there was a significant difference both in parents' motivation and involvement when using children's worksheets and tutorial videos obtained from the results of analysis with ANAVA by the sig. value of 0.01 0.05, which means the using children's worksheets and tutorial videos was enhancing parents' motivation and involvement in assisting children's learning process.
Comparative Analysis of Russian and Foreign Approaches to Assessment of Digital Transformation of Industry
Authors:   Southwest State University, Polozhentseva Yulia S.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. Industrial digital transformation refers to a set of innovative solutions for the transition to new business models. But this type of transformation is not limited to the technologies used; it represents a culture of change integrated into all areas, therefore, more and more attention is paid to the study of digital transformation and the formation of digital potential in industry. Russian and foreign organizations, as well as scientists, have developed many indices to assess the level of digitalization, both for the country as a whole and for individual industries. Within the framework of this process, the digital transformation of industry is of particular importance, since it determines the key technologies of digitalization, an important role in this process is played by the digital potential of the enterprise, which determines the possibility of introducing innovative technologies. The purpose of the study is to analyze Russian and foreign approaches to assessing the digitalization of industries based on systems of target indicators and assessment indicators. Objectives: analyze the approaches to assessing the digital potential of industrial enterprises used by foreign countries, and also identified the constraining factors of digitalization of the industrial sector of the Russian Federation, which made it possible to formulate proposals for the effective formation of digital potential in industry. Methodology. The research was based on the methods of theoretical comparison and generalization of various views on the formation of approaches to assessing the digitalization of industry; logical-historical methods for the analysis of basic theoretical concepts, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The study summarizes various systems of indicators for assessing the digitalization of industry. The analysis of approaches to assessing the digitalization of industries based on systems of target indicators and assessment indicators is carried out. Indicators for assessing the level of digital transformation of industry are analyzed, based on the example of comparing the achieved level by key world indices, among the USA, China and Russia, as well as some EU member states. Conclusions. In conclusion, it was concluded that many countries and international organizations are actively developing comprehensive methods for assessing the readiness for digital transformation of both the economies of individual states and its industries, including industry. It considers how different countries form their systems of assessments and indicators of digital transformation, identifies the main areas of assessment, as well as the possible results of the introduction of digital technologies. The analysis of the digital potential of the industry in the international context was carried out on the basis of key indices.
Electronic Data Capture System (REDCap) for Health Care Research and Training in a Resource-Constrained Environment: Technology Adoption Case Study
Authors: Maré Irma Adele , Kramer Beverley , Hazelhurst Scott , Nhlapho Mapule Dorcus , Zent Roy , Harris Paul A , Klipin Michael
Published: May 2022

Background

Electronic data capture (EDC) in academic health care organizations provides an opportunity for the management, aggregation, and secondary use of research and clinical data. It is especially important in resource-constrained environments such as the South African public health care sector, where paper records are still the main form of clinical record keeping.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the strategies followed by the University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences (Wits FHS) during the period from 2013 to 2021 to overcome resistance to, and encourage the adoption of, the REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture; Vanderbilt University) system by academic and clinical staff. REDCap has found wide use in varying domains, including clinical studies and research projects as well as administrative, financial, and human resource applications. Given REDCap’s global footprint in >5000 institutions worldwide and potential for future growth, the strategies followed by the Wits FHS to support users and encourage adoption may be of importance to others using the system, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

Methods

The strategies to support users and encourage adoption included top-down organizational support; secure and reliable application, hosting infrastructure, and systems administration; an enabling and accessible REDCap support team; regular hands-on training workshops covering REDCap project setup and data collection instrument design techniques; annual local symposia to promote networking and awareness of all the latest software features and best practices for using them; participation in REDCap Consortium activities; and regular and ongoing mentorship from members of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Results

During the period from 2013 to 2021, the use of the REDCap EDC system by individuals at the Wits FHS increased, respectively, from 129 active user accounts to 3447 active user accounts. The number of REDCap projects increased from 149 in 2013 to 12,865 in 2021. REDCap at Wits also supported various publications and research outputs, including journal articles and postgraduate monographs. As of 2020, a total of 233 journal articles and 87 postgraduate monographs acknowledged the use of the Wits REDCap system.

Conclusions

By providing reliable infrastructure and accessible support resources, we were able to successfully implement and grow the REDCap EDC system at the Wits FHS and its associated academic medical centers. We believe that the increase in the use of REDCap was driven by offering a dependable, secure service with a strong end-user training and support model. This model may be applied by other academic and health care organizations in resource-constrained environments planning to implement EDC technology.