bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep learning analysis for automatic lung nodule detection.
Authors: Liu Xiaohua
Published: October 2019

27

Background: The prevalence of lung cancer has been increased markedly in worldwide range with growing clinical significance, the quantitative and qualitative analysis on lung nodules has proven to be important for the early-detection of lung cancer as well as its treatment in clinical practice. However, lung lesion screening performed by radiologists can be very time-consuming and its accuracy varies depending on doctor’s individual experiences. In this study, we aim to build up a robust CAD system that automatically detects the lesion locations and quantitatively characterizes the detected lesions on CT images. Methods: Specifically, we employed the deep learning analysis for lesion detection in patients and performed image processing techniques to generate quantitative morphology features for assisting lesion diagnosis . The data collected includes 3956 lung CT series (slice thickness≤3mm) with multiple lung nodules from 15 Class-A hospitals in China , 1155 lung CT scan from Luna16 dataset as well as CT scans from Kaggle dataset (Data Science Bowl 2017). Lung nodule annotation was then performed by two experienced radiologists and further assessed by four senior associate chief physicians. The obtained CT images were randomly selected and split to construct training, validation and test dataset. After preprocessing, a pre-trained ResNet18 framework is transferred to develop a robust detection system to detect the possible lung lesion locations with corresponding probabilities. Results: The resulting detection system yields FROC of 0.4663, recall of 82.46%, precision of 36.06% for 5~30mm nodules. Each detected lesion was labeled by its bounding box and was then analyzed through image processing algorithm to generate diagnostic assisting features, including longest diameter, shortest diameter, volume, largest cross section area as well as its density type (calcify, solid, partial solid, and ground-glass opacity). Conclusions: The proposed CAD system offers a fast and convenient approach for assisting the diagnosis of lung nodule pathologies, and it is beneficial to relate our research to the current framework of lung cancer diagnosis.
Tyrosine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase sensitizes breast cancer to chemotherapy through a necroptosis-mediated mechanism.
Authors: Ryu Han Suk
Published: October 2019

40

Background: A complete response to chemotherapy for most cancer patients is, and there are many complications caused by this toxic therapy. Therefore, we sought to determine chemotherapy responses in breast cancer at the proteome level. Methods: Candidate proteins were filtered out by the proteomic-based multiple machine-learning algorithms. Results: The MS analysis of FFPE set yielded 6,069 protein groups. The filtered dataset resulted in 539 proteins with differential abundances. We searched for biological process in the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis in each proteomic cluster. Several immune responses process, apoptotic process, DNA replication process and aminoacylation for protein translation process primarily were represented in group with complete remission. On the other hand, cell adhesion process, cytoskeleton organization process, vesicle organization process and Golgi organization process represented in breast cancer which showed poor responses to the therapy. The machine learning approaches demonstrated the highest AUC value, 0.978 (sensitivity 1.0 and specificity 0.714) with a combination of 11 proteins. Among them the finally selected tyrosine aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS) showed AUC (AUC = 0.749) in the subsequent steps of verification using immunohistochemistry in 123 patient cohorts. We identified the predictive relevance of YARS. YARS induced tumor necroptosis was greatly enhanced when it was combined synergistically with a combination of SMAC mimetics and a BCL2 inhibitor. Conclusions: This suggested that YARS expression could serve as a new therapeutic target for improving the clinical benefits of chemotherapy.
Access to diagnostics and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): The difference between patient perception and reality.
Authors: Leyden Simone , Kolarova Teodora , Bouvier Catherine , Caplin Martyn E. , Conroy Siobhan , Davies Philippa , Dureja Sugandha , Falconi Massimo , Ferolla Piero , Fisher George A. , Goldstein Grace , Hicks Rodney J. , Lawrence Benjamin James , Majima Yoshiyuki , Metz David C. , O'Toole Dermot , Ruszniewski Philippe B. , Wiedenmann Bertram , Hollander Ron ,   International Neuroendocrine Cancer Alliance
Published: October 2019

6

Background: The aim of this global patient survey was to better understand the needs and expectations of patients with NETs regarding access to diagnostic tools and treatment. Methods: In 2017, an online, questionnaire survey of NET patients/family members, patient advocates and healthcare professionals (HCPs) was conducted. Results: In total, 443 participants from 26 countries responded: 338 patients/families; 35 advocates; 70 HCPs. Following NET diagnosis, many patients use patient association (69%) and HCP (48%) websites to fulfill their informational needs. Patients overestimated the availability of key diagnostic tools and treatments compared to HCPs: Gallium-68-Dotatate PET/CT scan was believed available by 28% of patients vs. 14% of HCPs; fluorodeoxyglucose PET by 77% of patients vs. 64% of HCPs; peptide receptor radionuclide therapy by 58% of patients vs. 23% of HCPs; genetic test/precision medicine by 75% of patients vs. 71% of HCPs; and transplantation by 86% of patients vs. 55% of HCPs. Reasons reported by patients and advocates for unavailability of treatment were: not provided by healthcare system (28% & 67%, respectively); non-referral (19% & 33%, respectively), unable to afford treatment (18% & 57%, respectively); treatment not covered by insurance (17% & 24%, respectively); distance to treatment centre (15% & 48%, respectively). Almost a third (30%) of patients had to travel more than 300 km/186 miles for treatment or consultation with a NET specialist, while 34% of patients did not have access to an MDT and those that did may be in contact with them less than once per year (14%). In contrast, advocates and HCPs believe there is wider availability of MDTs (94% and 70%, respectively). Conclusions: Patients are increasingly well-educated about NETs and often travel considerable distances to obtain specialist treatment. However, there remains considerable disparity in what patients feel is available to them in terms of the latest tools and treatments, compared to what is there in reality. This significant difference in perception needs to be managed delicately by both advocates and healthcare professionals.
Randomized phase II clinical trial of pioglitazone plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Moghareabed Reza , Hemati Simin , Akhavan Ali , Emami Hamid , Farghadani Maryam , Roayaei Mahnaz , Tavajoh Saeideh , Feizi Awat
Published: October 2019

83

Background: Breast carcinoma is the second cause of mortality between female cancers and metastasis is the main contributing factor to the mortality in patients with breast cancer. Optimal management for visceral metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains unknown. In this study we aimed to assess if adding pioglitazone to chemotherapy regimen can improve response in patients with MBC. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial enrolled women 18 years or older with visceral MBC either previously treated with adjuvant therapy or currently are undergoing different lines of endocrine and chemotherapy regimens. The main objective of this study is to compare treatment efficacy in patients with visceral MBC taking chemotherapy plus Pioglitazone (n = 30) versus chemotherapy in addition to placebo (n = 30) over three months. The efficacy evaluated by change in radiologic response defined by the proportion of patients with stable or partial/complete radiologic response to those experienced disease progression based on Revised Recist Guideline ver (1.1). Results: Combination of pioglitazone and chemotherapy led to higher complete radiologic response (7.4% vs.0%) stable disease status (66·7% vs. 53·6%) and lower progression (22·2% vs. 35·7%) rates, however the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.24). Clinical benefit rate (CBR, proportion of patients with complete response, partial response, or stable disease) was 77.8% in pioglitazone group vs. 64.3% in control group (p = 0.27). Subgroup analysis revealed higher efficacy but not statistically significant among diabetic woman, who had hormone-receptor–positive tumor. Furthermore, patients treated with Taxan +/-Carboplatin agents had significantly higher stable disease status, lower progression rate and higher complete response rate than the placebo group (P = 0·03). Conclusions: This is the first reported randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of pioglitazone in patients with visceral MBC which demonstrated safety and improvement of response in the subgroup of Taxan / Carboplatin chemotherapy regimen. These findings are in agreement with previous results of in vitro preclinical studies. Clinical trial information: IRCT20180124038493N1.
PD-1 blockade in neoadjuvant setting of DNA mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer.
Authors: Liu Dingxin Cancer , Li Dandan , Jiang Wu , PAN Zhizhong , Zhang Xiaoshi , Ding Peirong
Published: October 2019

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Background: Although PD-1 blockade has significantly improved the survival of metastatic colorectal cancer with DNA Mismatch Repair-Deficient/Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H), the data on neoadjuvant setting is limited. Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled eight patients with advanced MSI-H colorectal cancer from three hospitals. four patients are locally advanced and four are metastatic. All the patients received at least two doses of PD-1 antibody with or without chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the short‐term efficacy and toxicities of this strategy. Results: Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade is well tolerated with a few immune-related side-effect profiles. All the enrolled patients had a major response in imaging and/or pathological evaluation. Five of the seven resected patients were evaluated as pathological complete response. One patient without surgery has a cCR tumor response. For the patients with radical surgery, there is no surgery-related complication observed. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade induced tumor regression with a major clinical and pathological response in advanced dMMR/MSI-H colorectal cancer. Further studies are required to evaluate the long-term effect of this strategy.
A Case of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis with Multiple Drug Resistance and High Expression of Efflux Transporters
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiko , Nakayama Akitoshi , Tamura Ai , Higuchi Seiichiro , Sakuma Ikki , Nagano Hidekazu , Felizola Saulo Ja , Hashimoto Naoko , Takemoto Minoru , Tatsuno Ichiro , Koide Hisashi , Yokote Koutaro , Tanaka Tomoaki
Published: October 2019

Context

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Patients usually respond well to oral synthetic thyroxine (levothyroxine); however, for unknown reasons some individuals present with treatment-resistant Hashimoto thyroiditis. In cases of cancer and certain infectious diseases, the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been implicated in multidrug resistance, and we hypothesized and investigated a role of ABC transporters in drug-resistant Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Case Description

The patient whose case we report had a history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, immune thrombocytopenia, and refractory hypertension, with varying treatment resistance to the oral medications prescribed for each condition. In order to establish or exclude a genetic basis for her illness, we examined the patient’s gene expression profiles using peripheral blood leukocytes, and found that ABCG2/BCRPexpression was significantly high compared with healthy volunteers. Also, the increased daunomycin efflux capacity of our patient’s lymphocytes was successfully inhibited by fumitremorgin C, a specific ABCG2/BCRP inhibitor, and the patient’s level of thyroid-stimulating hormone increased by 248.6% after administration of intact levothyroxine tablets but decreased by 45.1% when tablets were crushed. Her average blood pressure decreased from 166.3/108.5 mmHg to 125.9/78.8 mmHg when switching from intact to crushed losartan tablets.

Conclusions

High expression and accelerated efflux transporter activity of ABCG2/BCRP in the small intestine are expected to contribute to the ineffectiveness of orally administered intact tablets in cases with treatment-resistant Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and crushed tablets can be more effective for some of these patients.
"Soviet Atlantis". Mythology of the revolution
Authors: Колесов Михаил , Kolesov Mihail
Published: October 2019

The monograph is a thematic continuation of the author's publication "Philosophy of Russian history" (Moscow: University textbook: INFRA-M, 2015), which identified the basic principles of philosophical methodology in relation to Russian history. The main task of the book is to formulate a systematic concept of the Soviet period of Russia from the idea of The world socialist revolution to the collapse of the Soviet Union. As a result of the analysis and comprehension of the well-known historiographical material, the author comes to the conclusion that the historical consciousness of the Soviet society was formed in a certain mythologized paradigm.
It is intended for a wide modern readership, especially youth.
Legal regulation of divorce: the experience of the United States of America
Authors: Розанова Елизавета , Rozanova Elizaveta
Published: October 2019

The monograph is a study of the problems of legal regulation of divorce in the United States.
Theoretical and legislative bases of legal regulation of divorce in the United States and some other foreign countries, as well as the main trends in the development of legal interpretations of the grounds, conditions and consequences of divorce in the United States are considered.
It is intended for researchers, teachers, postgraduates, undergraduates and law students specializing in family law, as well as comparative law. It can be useful for persons involved in law-making activities, judges, employees of guardianship and guardianship authorities, registry offices, lawyers, notaries, other practicing lawyers, as well as for anyone interested in this range of issues.
Anxiety toward Math: A Descriptive Analysis by Sociodemographic Variable
Authors: Larracilla-Salazar Nemesis , Moreno-Garcia Elena , Escalera-Chavez Milka Elena
Published: October 2019

The following analysis provides evidence from the comparative levels of anxiety towards mathematics of the variables from the categories presented by the AMARS and sociodemographic variables as well. A sample of 381 economics students in Mexico answered the survey. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (x̄, Sd.) was carried out and to identify if there are significant differences of means in the sociodemographic variables, the ANOVA analysis was carried out.  Although in general the anxiety towards mathematics presented in Mexican economics students is “very little”, in the dimension of mathematical evaluation the results of the descriptive analysis show that economics students from the south of Mexico have more anxiety than students from other regions. Regarding gender, women feel more anxiety than men towards mathematics evaluation. Likewise, students from public institutions show greater anxiety towards mathematics in the evaluation processes than those belonging to private. Finally, ANOVA test showed that the variable Region showed values less than 0.05 in two of three dimensions (ANXTASK and ANXCOUR). The ANXEVAL dimension showed values < 0.05 in the variable Gender as the ANXEVAL and ANXCOUR showed values < 0.05 in the variable University, this because there is a difference in means.
A Comparison of Score Equating Conducted Using Haebara and Stocking Lord Method for Polytomous
Authors: Setiawan Risky
Published: October 2019

The purposes of this research are: 1) to compare two equalizing tests conducted with Hebara and Stocking Lord method; 2) to describe the characteristics of each equalizing test method using windows’ IRTEQ program. This research employs a participatory approach as the data are collected through questionnaires based on the National Examination Administration of 2018. The samples are classified into group A and group B respectively by 449 and 502 respondents. This paper discusses how to equalize shared items using the anchor method with a set of instruments in the forms of 35 questionnaire items and 6 shared items. In addition, the researcher also uses PARSCALE to estimate each respondent’s skills and each item’s characteristics. The shared items are eventually equalized using IRTEQ program. The results show that there is a significant difference between those conducted using Haebara method (0.592) which produces bigger mean-sigma value and Stocking & Lord (0.00213). Thus, the results show that the shared testing items may improve respondents’ discrimination and increase the difficulty level (parameter b). Due to the availability of shared items, it is good and appropriate to equalize two different tests on different theta skills.
Adaptation of Teachers’ Teaching Thinking Practices Scale into English
Authors: Dilekli Yalcin , Tezci Erdogan
Published: October 2019

This study aims to adapt teachers’ classroom practices for teaching thinking scale from Turkish to English culture. The scale includes 21 items. Each item has 5-point Likert type. It has 4 factors: Effectiveness of Teaching Thinking, Loyalty to Curriculum, Teacher Dependence and Encouraging Thinking.  In the first step, statistical analyses were administrated to achieve linguistic equivalence. To do that, the data were collected from 30 English teachers with 20 day intervals. In the second step, the data collected from 148 native English teachers were analysed by Confirmatory Factor Analyses. Good level fitting indices were found at the end of this process. Cronbach Alpha coefficient value was found to be .90. For Convergence and Discriminating validity, which means construct validity, correlations between sub-dimensions and average explained variance values were calculated and found good sufficient levels. Items in the scale were discriminating. As a result of this study, it was found that English translation of the scale was statistically valid and reliable.
Flipped Teaching with CALL in EFL Writing Class: How Does It Work and Affect Learner Autonomy?
Authors: Ghufron M. Ali , Nurdianingsih Fitri
Published: October 2019

This paper presents how the process of flipped teaching with Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) works in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing in the Indonesian context. As well, it also elaborates how the teaching model affects learner autonomy. This flipped teaching with CALL was experienced by some lecturers of private universities in East Java, Indonesia. This study used a multi-site case study research design. The data were yielded from in-class observation, lesson plan analysis, focus group interviews, and questionnaires. The total of 5 EFL writing teachers and 150 students from 5 private universities in East Java, Indonesia had participated in this study. Experimenting with flipped teaching with CALL in teaching EFL writing enabled the teachers, as course developers, to get an idea of their students’ response to the challenges of new ways, methods, and techniques of their study. The flip-class environment fostered better communication amongst learners and learner autonomy as well. The flip-class atmosphere also had a beneficial impact on the motivation of learners. The qualitative results from interviews of the learners showed that the learners had inspired themselves to engage in in-class learning activities and self-regulated teaching environments. The findings gave reflection to the teachers on several vitally necessary conditions enabling a course in a flipped teaching with CALL format to contribute to developing students’ professional competencies.
Thirty years of research on salesforce control systems and sales territory designs: An update on progress and research gaps
Authors: Fatima Zoha
Published: October 2019

Sales territory design is an important component of a sales organisation as it is associat ed with salesperson incentives, performance, job satisfaction and overall effectiveness of the organisation. Sales literature suggests that salesforce control systems are likely to have a strong
impact on sales territory design. Therefore, this study makes an attempt to analyse the impact of two types of salesforce control system, behaviour-based and outcome-based salesforce control systems, on sales territory design and also the impact of sales territory design on salesforce performance
and sales organisation effectiveness. The paper is based on a review of studies published between 1987 and 2018, and reveals that a behaviour-based control system is more positively related to satisfaction with sales territory design than an outcome-based salesforce control system. These findings
hold important implications for sales organisations as they will help sales managers in choosing the right kind of salesforce control system.
Adolescents’ Perceptions of Gender Discrimination in India: Do Perceptions Differ for Boys and Girls?
Authors: Nagaraj Nitasha Chaudhary , Nagaraj Nitasha Chaudhary , Vyas Amita , Vyas Amita , Landry Megan , Landry Megan
Published: October 2019

Despite the gains India has made in recent decades, it remains a country with vast gender inequities. Gender sensitization and empowerment programs aimed at young people, precisely at the time when they are forming their gender attitudes, has the potential to diminish gender inequity in the long-term. This study represents data from 36 qualitative in-depth interviews conducted amongst adolescent boys and girls enrolled in grade 7 in northern India, in schools that serve under-resourced communities. The interviews asked questions related to positive youth development, gender roles, violence, and locus of control.

The results of the qualitative analysis provide insights into how adolescents perceive gender discrimination in their families and communnites. The majority of expectations for boys revolved around physical labor, while, for girls, gender roles were primarily focused on stopping education early to get married and take care of the household and children. Many of the responses from both boys and girls on privileges/restrictions were related to daughters not being fully educated while sons often were. Furthermore, when comparing between boys and girls (attributes) and understanding superiority, many participants noted there is a clear preference of boys compared to girls. Girls also had higher proportion of violence codes compared to boys, perhaps because many girls felt they were hit more frequently than boys.

The results of this qualitative analysis provide direction for both future research as well as the development of gender sensitization interventions specifically designed for adolescents.
Economic impact of Ebola Virus Disease outbreak on an extractive firm: a case study
Authors: Tariq Hisham , Light Alexander , Manikam Logan , Sadique Zia , Khan Mishal , Knight Alan , Dar Osman
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak was the most severe public health emergency in modern times. The economic impact of outbreaks has mostly been analysed at the macroeconomic level. Conversely, we aimed to estimate the economic costs of preventive measures of the outbreak to an extractive firm, ArcelorMittal, using data in the outbreak region from March 2014 to December 2015. ArcelorMittal is the worlds largest steel producer and particularly important in West Africa, where the extractive industry is economically crucial.

Methods: Qualitative methods, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, were used to investigate the events and channels of impact of the outbreak on the firm, as perceived by employees and contractors. Quantitative data regarding these costs was also collected. Retrospective cost analysis estimated the actual cost of preventive methods adopted.

Results: Most respondents indicated the largest cost impact was suspension of Phase II expansion, a series of projects designed to increase iron ore production in Liberia. The next largest cost was the preventive measures adopted to counter disease spread. Total costs incurred for adopting preventive measures was USD 10.58-11.11 million. The overall direct costs of preventive measures adopted within the fence shared 30-31% of the total costs incurred. The share of external donation supporting humanitarian response was 11-12% of the total costs, followed by 7-12% of relational costs.

Conclusions: The firms response during the EVD outbreak focused on its employees and operations, which was later expanded to the wider community and then in supporting the international humanitarian response.
Contribution of cow milk proteins to the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children
Authors: Shirina L. I. , Maso V. K. , Vysotskaya V. V.
Published: October 2019

In the last decade, data have appeared in the literature, obtained mainly by researchers from Canada and Finland, due to which a new direction has been outlined in the study of the mechanism of development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children. The results of these studies revealed the effect of cow's milk proteins (CMP), which were ingested by the child during the neonatal period, on the development of later IDDM, namely, the trigger (trigger) role of the antigenic structures of some CMPs in autoimmune damage to pancreatic p-cells in genetically predisposed individuals. Based on the obtained experimental and clinical data, it can be assumed that in order to prevent the development of IDDM in children with an increased risk of developing this disease who are on artificial or mixed feeding, it is advisable to use products based on CMP hydrolysates devoid of antigenic properties or soy proteins, similar to already known hypoallergenic mixtures. Targeted selection of newborns in need of specialized nutrition, in our opinion, is possible by conducting certain diagnostic tests aimed at identifying children with an increased risk of sensitization with CMP antigens.
Free-radical oxidation, antioxidants, and diabetic angiopathies
Authors: Bobyreva L. E.
Published: October 2019

The leading pathology in endocrinology is diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by a high incidence of disability and high mortality. According to the data of A. G. Mazovetsky, by 2000 compared with 1985, an increase in the number of patients with diabetes mellitus is expected to be 2.9 times. The frequency of vascular lesions in diabetes is 6891.3%. The results of D. Greene indicate that peripheral vascular damage in this group of patients is observed 30 times more often than in people of a similar age without diabetes mellitus. Free radical pathology. Recent studies of domestic and foreign authors indicate the important role of non-enzymatic free radical oxidation (FRO) of lipids in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases of modern man. Before analyzing the role of free radical mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and diabetic angiopathies, it is necessary to briefly familiarize yourself with the general ideas about the nature of FRO lipids and their inhibition systems. Due to the spin properties of triplet oxygen, when it interacts with a pair of donor electrons, the probability of free radical formation is high. The one-electron form of reduced oxygen can be protonated НО2*(hydroperoxyl radical) and anionic О2- (superoxide radical).
«Essential» phospholipids in diabetes mellitus. Review of the results all over the world
Authors: Gundermann K. , Kundurovich M.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the review is to evaluate the results obtained with the use of EPL (essential phospholipids) for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the light of modern scientific knowledge, as well as to highlight the role of lipostabil in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Since some studies did not set as their primary task the study of the effect of EPL on serum lipids and lipoproteins, and diabetes-specific parameters, such as blood glucose concentration, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), ketonemia, as well as possibilities, were put on the forefront. development of late complications (atherosclerotic vascular changes or retinopathy), then the evaluation of these studies was carried out in accordance with the measured parameters.

The most important studies were analyzed. Since the beginning of the 90s, interest in the use of lipostabil in the treatment of diabetes has grown markedly. This interest was reflected in a double blind study by R. Kirsten et al., Completed in 1993. To date, there are data on 650 patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; one study is mainly related to diabetic retinopathy. The duration of therapy ranged from 14 days to 39 months, in most studies - several months. In some cases, lipostabil was used only orally, in others, simultaneously with intravenous administration, or therapy began with intravenous administration of the drug and continued with the use of oral capsules. The treatment of EPL was initially carried out on the background of only a diet, and then in combination with oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin.
Diabetic heart: Metabolic reasons for the development of cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sokolov E. I. , Zaichikova O. S.
Published: October 2019

Cardiovascular disease is a common cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The likelihood of developing heart failure with this disease increases, even if you take into account the influence of factors such as age, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, body weight and the condition of the coronary arteries. The term "diabetic cardiomyopathy" was proposed in 1972 by S. Rubier et al. They performed postmortem autopsy of patients with diabetes complicated by diabetic nephropathy and congestive heart failure without arterial hypertension and severe atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. The hemodynamic parameters of a group of patients with diabetes without hypertension without significant atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries according to angiography were studied by T. Regan et al. In these patients, a decrease in stroke volume index and an increase in diastolic pressure in the left ventricle were detected. The observed changes, indicating a decrease in left ventricular myocardial extensibility, were interpreted as signs of subclinical cardiomyopathy. Based on the results of an echocardiographic examination of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) Ch. Dimitar proposed the following stages of development of diabetic cardiomyopathy: I - increased myocardial contractility; II - systolic and diastolic functions are not impaired; III - the beginning of the development of diastolic dysfunction, a decrease in the "compliance" of the left ventricular myocardium and dilatation of the left atrium; IV - progression of diastolic myocardial dysfunction (DDM) and the addition of systolic dysfunction.
Nicotinamide in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus at the debut of the disease
Authors: Gorelysheva V. A. , Smirnova O. M. , Dedov I. I.
Published: October 2019

In recent years, it has become apparent that autoimmune mechanisms play a leading role in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). According to modern concepts, IDDM is a classic organ-specific autoimmune disease in which -cells are destroyed by mechanisms mediated by T-lymphocytes and circulating autoantibodies. However, there is experimental evidence that the primary mechanism of damage to the p-cell is the action of cytokines. Thus, the destruction of -cells occurs in two phases: the first - independent of lymphocytes, the initial, the second - mediated by the action of T-lymphocytes. According to the Copenhagen model of the pathogenesis of IDDM, environmental and internal factors (viruses, chemicals, food factors, interleukin-1) trigger the activation of free radical oxidation in -cells. Under the influence of free radicals (O2-, NO), p-cell proteins change their natural properties (denature) and become antigens for their own immune system. The increased sensitivity of the -cell to the action of free radicals is due to the fact that it reduces the activity of antioxidant defense systems (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase). "In other words, -cells in IDDM die because they are b-cells." Toxic free radicals of oxygen (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO) cause disturbances in the DNA structure of insulin-producing cells, stimulate the pathological activation of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase, responsible for DNA replication, which leads to increased utilization of NAD + with subsequent depletion of its reserves in the cell: this causes a decrease in the synthesis of proteins, including proinsulin, and the subsequent death of the -cell.
Diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors
Authors: Gitel E. P. , Fadeev V. V.
Published: October 2019

Pancreatic (islet-cell) and gastrointestinal endocrine tumors are quite rare diseases - the incidence of new cases is from 0.4 to 1.5 per 100,000 inhabitants. Instead of the broader term APUDomе, the term gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors (GEPET) has recently become more commonly used in clinical literature for practical reasons. As a result of numerous clinical and fundamental studies, about 19 types of GEPET and more than 40 products of their secretion are currently described. Most tumors are characterized by multihormonal secretion, but the development of the endocrine syndrome clinic is determined by the predominance of the production of a single hormone. The main GEPETs are insulinoma, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, VIPoma, tumors causing the development of carcinoid syndrome, and hormone-inactive endocrine tumors. Hormone-inactive GEPET refers to tumors originating from endocrine cells, but lacking the ability to secrete one or another hormone. GEPETs differ not only in the production of a particular hormone, but also in the nature of tumor growth. With the exception of insulin, it is mainly a malignant tumor (see table), but compared with other carcinomas, spontaneous tumor growth is often relatively slow. The essential clinical significance, which largely determines the therapeutic approaches, has a very different rate of tumor growth. Cases of spontaneous course of the process for more than 10 years are described, as well as rapid growth of the tumor, leading to death in literally months. In recent years, interest in GEPET has increased significantly, which is probably due to the creation of more advanced methods of topical diagnosis and treatment, which significantly improved the prognosis.
On the occasion of the 70th birthday anniversary of V. P. Fedotov
Authors: Problems of endocrinology Editorial Board
Published: October 2019

70 years old, the famous endocrinologist Viktor Petrovich Fedotov, doctor of medical sciences, professor honored scientist of the Russian Federation, head of the laboratory for biological studies of hormonal compounds of the Endocrinology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, editor-in-chief of the journal Problems of Endocrinology, is 70 years old. After graduating from the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute, V.P. Fedotov entered graduate school at the Institute of Biophysics of the USSR Ministry of Health, which he successfully completed by completing his dissertation on the effect of polonium on the carbohydrate function of the liver. Later, the scientific interests of V.P. Fedotov were concentrated in the field of experimental endocrinology; his doctoral dissertation (1972) was devoted to the reaction of the endocrine system to radiation exposure and demonstrated the importance of the pituitary and adrenal cortex in the formation of symptoms of radiation sickness. In 1982, V.P. Fedotov was awarded the title of professor, in 1994 - the title of Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. Since 1966 V.P. Fedotov heads the laboratory he created. The main focus of her work was the study of the complex of biological properties of hormones and their analogues, as well as the correlation between their structure and functions. For the first time in the country, the laboratory developed methods for radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones in humans and rats. V.P. Fedotov and his collaborators obtained important results regarding the regulation of proliferative and secretory processes in the pituitary and pancreas, and their changes in ontogenesis. The laboratory developed and put into practice an original method for determining autoantibodies to surface antigens of islet cells of the pancreas.
Lipid metabolism and hormonal status in patients with type I diabetes mellitus combined with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Stroyev Ye. A. , Kasatkina E. P. , Dmitriyeva N. V. , Filimonova A. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Lipid metabolism and thyroid hormonal status were examined in diabetics with type 1 condition, subclinical hypothyroidism, and a combination of both. Lipid spectrum of the blood was assessed: total cholesterol, b-lipoproteins, triglycerides, a-cholesterol, total lipids, atherogenicity index, as well as the pituitary thyrotropic hormone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxin. Hyperlipoproteinemia was detected, which was particularly typical of atherogenic lipids in not only adult patients with type I diabetes, but in children as well, paralleled by an increase of the blood level of the pituitary thyrotropic hormone possessing a lipolytic activity. Atherogenic disorders in the lipid spectrum of children with subclinical hypothyroidism presenting as dyslipoproteinemia are considered to anticipate hyperlipoproteinemia in adult patients. A subclinical hypofunction of the thyroid is conducive to disorders of lipid metabolism when combined with type I diabetes and to boosting the atherosclerotic involvement of the vessels in children.
Enzymuria in diabetics with type ii condition and disordered purine metabolism
Authors: Gheorgadze Z. O. , Balabolkin M. I. , Mamayeva G. G. , Lyudina L. I. , Mischenko B. P.
Published: October 2019

The authors compare enzymuria occurring in disorders of purine metabolism in patients with types I and II diabetes. Urinary enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase, alanine aminopeptidase, cholinesterase, and b-galactosidase) were measured in 25 patients with noninsulin-dependent (NIDDM) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with different disorders of purine metabolism (hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria) and in 27 normal controls. The study revealed the syndrome of enzymatic insufficiency and syndrome of increased glomerular permeability (expressed increase of cholinesterase level in the urine) in patients with NIDDM; the latter syndrome was expressed similarly in patients with both NIDDM and IDDM. This syndrome was particularly severe in patients with IDDM complicated by diabetic nephropathy and disordered purine metabolism.
ORALIDADE E GÊNEROS TEXTUAIS ORAIS EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Werneck dos Santos Leonor , Cruz Welington de Almeida , Antunes Vanessa
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo, refletimos a respeito do ensino dos gêneros textuais orais nos níveis fundamental e médio, enfatizando aspectos gerais relacionados à oralidade e questões pertinentes à abordagem dos gêneros, exemplificando com entrevista. Destacamos como alguns livros didáticos têm abordado os gêneros textuais (SANTOS, 2009a, 2009c, 2011) e retomamos o alerta de Marcuschi (1997, 2005), a respeito da pouca atenção dada à oralidade em sala de aula, atualizando o debate sobre o tema, com base em Cruz (2012). Quanto ao trabalho com o gênero entrevista, citamos algumas atividades elaboradas por Antunes (2015). Com isso, pretendemos mostrar o que ainda falta enfatizar no ensino de gêneros orais na escola e sugerir caminhos para auxiliar a tarefa do professor que pretenda inserir essa temática nas suas aulas.
GÊNEROS ORAIS
Authors: Travaglia Luiz Carlos , Goulart Claudia
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste número da Olhares & Trilhas é fornecer a pesquisadores e educadores subsídios para o trabalho com os gêneros orais . É, portanto, um número temático sobre gêneros textuais ou discursivos orais, organizado a partir de estudos realizados pelo Grupo de Pesquisa sobre Texto e Discurso (PETEDI) e outros
pesquisadores,
Indústria moveleira e dinâmica demográfica de Ubá, Minas Gerais
Authors: Juste dos Santos Vitor , De Oliveira Machado Pedro José
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo apresenta alguns resultados das pesquisas realizadas para a elaboração da dissertação de mestrado junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (PPGEO-UFJF). O estudo buscou relacionar a influência das principais atividades econômicas desenvolvidas no município de Ubá/MG com sua dinâmica demográfica, desde a segunda metade do século XIX até as primeiras décadas do século XXI, destacando-se o papel desempenhado pela indústria moveleira. Também objetiva mostrar as consequências do crescimento da população urbana na paisagem da cidade, transformada ao longo do século XX e início do XXI. A substituição da prática da agricultura de subsistência pelas produções de café, e posteriormente o fumo foram de grande importância para o desenvolvimento municipal. No entanto, a indústria de móveis se tornou, e continua sendo, a atividade mais significativa do município, tanto em termos econômicos, quanto demográficos. Também teve grande impacto na modificação da paisagem urbana na segunda metade do século XX e início do XXI. É de suma importância conhecer a dinâmica das atividades econômicas de um município e a influência das mesmas na dinâmica populacional, para entender certos problemas ambientais que este município passa, que foi a principal preocupação dessa pesquisa.
Does foreign board increase the companyâ€™s performance? the evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Joenoes Muhammad Zhafran , Rokhim Rofikoh
Published: October 2019

This study examined the effect of foreign board members in promoting corporate governance and performance. This study used the fixed effect model from the panel data of 4,282 company-observations over the period of 2007-2017. This study found that the presence of foreign board has a significant and positive effect on the companyâ€™s performance measured by return on asset and return on equity ratios. On the other hand, the presence of Asian nationality board member was found to have negative significant effect on the companyâ€™s performance, and this is due to the companies having Asian Board members coming mostly from developing countries. In general, this research show that the presence of a foreign board member can bring differences to the companies and this affects their performance. This means that companies in Indonesia need to increase the number of foreign board of commissioners from outside Asian countries in order to increase their profitability.
KONSEP INTEGRASI KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN PERTAMBANGAN PERSPEKTIF PLURALISME HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Nugroho Wahyu
Published: October 2019

Pengelolaan sumber daya pertambangan dipengaruhi oleh kemajemukan masyarakat tersebut yang memiliki sistem hukum berbeda dengan hukum nasional. Dalam gagasan konseptual ini memiliki urgensi bahwa dibutuhkannya suatu integrasi kebijakan pembentukan peraturan dan pengelolaan di bidang pertambangan. Permasalahan yang dikaji adalah: pertama, bagaimana kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya alam di bidang pertambangan dalam konteks pluralisme hukum? dan kedua, bagaimana konsep hukum sebagai pengintegrasi dalam kebijakan pengelolaan pertambangan di Indonesia? Kesimpulannya adalah pertama, kebijakan pengelolaan sumber daya alam di bidang pertambangan didominasi hukum negara, sementara terjadi marginalisasi kelompok masyarakat hukum adat dalam kebijakan pertambangan; dan kedua, konsep hukum dapat berfungsi sebagai pengintegrasi diantara kepentingan sub sistem dalam kebijakan pengelolaan pertambangan di Indonesia.
Analisis Pengaruh Modifikasi Gerakan Pahat pada Proses Permesinan Rumah Poci Komponen Dies Drawing Pedal Brake dengan Software Inventor CAM
Authors: Iskandar Norman , Raharjo Fuad Arief , Nugroho Sri
Published: October 2019

Pedal Brake adalah komponen otomotif untuk pijakan kaki pada sistem pengereman pada kendaraan roda tiga. Untuk membuat pedal brake diperlukan adanya dies berupa dies drawing pedal brake. Salah satu komponen dari dies tersebut adalah yang dinamakan komponen rumah poci. Rumah Poci terbuat dari material baja ST-42 yang berfungsi sebagai landasan utama dan wadah dari semua komponen die bawah pada dies drawing pedal brake. Proses permesinan yang dapat dilakukan untuk membuat rumah poci adalah proses milling dimana terdapat tiga proses permesinan yaitu proses pembuatan profil, pembuatan pocket dan pembuatan lubang (drill). Salah satu tipe mesin yang digunakan untuk memproduksi rumah poci adalah mesin CNC Hermle UWF 721H. Proses permesinan yang efektif dan efisien diperlukan untuk menjamin produk yang berkualitas dengan biaya produksi beserta waktu produksi yang minimal. Penelitian ini mengkaji proses pembuatan rumah poci menggunakan software InventorCAM untuk mengetahui waktu permesinan, plotting dan kode pemrograman (G-Code) mesin CNC yang selama ini digunakan apakah sudah optimal secara biaya dan perhitungan waktu. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses optimasi dengan memodifikasi tahapan pemrograman untuk mencari program yang lebih efisien dan efektif. Dari hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa hasil modifikasi proses permesinan CNC rumah poci dengan mengubah gerakan pembuatan profil dan pembuatan lubang (drill) diperoleh waktu yang lebih singkat yaitu menjadi 209,44 menit dimana sebelum dimodifikasi sebesar 240,41 menit. Dari sudut pembiayaan dengan mengambil tarif jasa dari salah satu perusahaan di Kota Semarang dimana tarifnya adalah sebesar Rp. 200.000/jam maka, rumah poci yang diproduksi sebelum dilakukan modifikasi program memerlukan biaya jasa sebesar Rp. 801.400,- dan setelah dilakukan modifikasi biaya yang diperlukan berkurang menjadi sebesar Rp. 698.150,-.