bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Proibição da Publicidade de Tabaco na Constituição Material Brasileira: Reflexões a partir da Convenção Quadro de Controle do Tabaco
Authors: Resende Augusto César Leite de
Published: December 2016

O tabagismo é a principal causa evitável de morte no mundo, de modo que se deve adotar medidas efetivas para o controle de tabaco, dentre as quais a proibição de propaganda, promoção e patrocínio pelas empresas de tabaco. Para responder a esta epidemia, a Lei n.° 9.294, de 15 de julho de 1996, proíbe a propaganda comercial de tabaco, cuja constitucionalidade fora questionada no Supremo Tribunal Federal, sob alegação de violação do princípio da proporcionalidade. Nesse toar, o presente trabalho científico tem como objetivo principal apresentar, a partir de uma pesquisa doutrinária e legislativa, argumentos favoráveis no sentido de que a publicidade do tabaco está vedada pela própria Constituição Federal e que, por consequência, não há qualquer vício de inconstitucionalidade na proibição legal da propaganda do tabaco.
Constitucionalidade de Políticas Públicas em uma Perspectiva Alinhada ao Dirigismo Constitucional: A Importância da Superação do Subdesenvolvimento e da Erradicação da Pobreza
Authors: Simini Danilo Garnica
Published: December 2016

Este artigo visa de que maneira se deve analisar a constitucionalidade de políticas públicas em uma perspectiva alinhada ao dirigismo constitucional. Nesse contexto será inicialmente apresentado o debate acerca da Constituição Dirigente e sua aplicação à realidade brasileira. Posteriormente, será discutida a importância do artigo 3º da Constituição Federal de 1988, especialmente, os objetivos referentes à superação do subdesenvolvimento e erradicação da pobreza, realizando-se uma sucinta revisão bibliográfica acerca dos termos desenvolvimento e pobreza. Espera-se contribuir com a literatura produzida até o presente momento, particularmente, no que se refere ao aprofundamento das discussões relacionadas à constitucionalidade de políticas públicas, bem como espera-se incrementar a literatura de Direito Constitucional ao se apresentar os conceitos possíveis de desenvolvimento e pobreza.
Accrual Patterns for Clinical Studies Involving Quantitative Imaging: Results of an NCI Quantitative Imaging Network (QIN) Survey
Authors: Kurland Brenda F. , Aggarwal Sameer , Yankeelov Thomas E. , Gerstner Elizabeth R. , Mountz James M. , Linden Hannah M. , Jones Ella F. , Bodeker Kellie L. , Buatti John M.
Published: December 2016

Patient accrual is essential for the success of oncology clinical trials. Recruitment for trials involving the development of quantitative imaging biomarkers may face different challenges than treatment trials. This study surveyed investigators and study personnel for evaluating accrual performance and perceived barriers to accrual and for soliciting solutions to these accrual challenges that are specific to quantitative imaging-based trials. Responses for 25 prospective studies were received from 12 sites. The median percent annual accrual attained was 94.5% (range, 3%–350%). The most commonly selected barrier to recruitment (n = 11/25, 44%) was that “patients decline participation,” followed by “too few eligible patients” (n = 10/25, 40%). In a forced choice for the single greatest recruitment challenge, “too few eligible patients” was the most common response (n = 8/25, 32%). Quantitative analysis and qualitative responses suggested that interactions among institutional, physician, and patient factors contributed to accrual success and challenges. Multidisciplinary collaboration in trial design and execution is essential to accrual success, with attention paid to ensuring and communicating potential trial benefits to enrolled and future patients.
The Effect of Flow State on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Amini Davoud , Ayari Shirin , Amini Mansour
Published: December 2016

Flow is an optimal psychological state that has been described at length by Csikszentmihalyi (1990, 1993) as a state in which people become totally immersed in an activity and enjoy it intensely. According to Csikszentmihalyi, such a peak experience can emerge in any situation in which there is an activity to do. Researchers have indeed found evidence for flow during the execution of a large number of different activities including sports, work, and playing music. However, state of flow during language learning activities has hardly been studied. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between task-induced state of flow during vocabulary acquisition activities and the achievement in terms of short-term and long-term vocabulary acquisition. Sixty five learners at an English Language Institution took part in vocabulary acquisition tasks aimed at engaging learners cognitively and affectively in the state of flow. To measure flow state the “Flow Perceptions Questionnaire” in the Likert format (Egbert, 2003) was used. It was an instrument for gathering the data concerning students’ affective responses during task engagement. The researcher-made retention measurement was used to determine vocabulary learning efficiency. The result indicated that flow existed in the vocabulary learning classroom and that there was a significant relationship between the level of flow state and vocabulary retention both in immediate and delayed measurements. Also male and female learners of EFL were different in terms of vocabulary retention resulting from flow state.
Presentación Estoa 1
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Pauta Calle Fernando
Published: December 2016

La Universidad ecuatoriana, como entidad destinada a contribuir sustancialmente en la construcción de las condiciones necesarias para posibilitar el desarrollo humano, tiene en la investigación, con independencia de las modalidades y alcances que presenta, una de sus funciones primordiales cuando se proyecta a la sociedad y se aplican sus resultados de cara a resolver problemas y atender las aspiraciones y deseos de progreso
Review of the industrialization of housing and of three experiences of building systems in Latin America
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Samaniego Augusto
Published: December 2016

Este artículo trata de dar a conocer, de modo sintetizado, un conjunto de variables obtenidas de un inventario de 123 técnicas constructivas industrializadas, preparado por un grupo de investigadores latinoamericanos, recogidos en el Primer catálogo de técnicas industrializadas para la vivienda de bajo costo en América Latina y el Caribe con la coordinación del arquitecto Walter Kruk. Las variables se refieren a la amplitud del uso de las técnicas industrializadas, el tipo de técnicas, los materiales, los periodos de desarrollo, la intensidad de la inversión y el tipo de mano de obra; las que, en general, permiten identificar las características de las empresas constructoras que han optado por la vía de la industrialización. Esta parte concluye con una descripción del perfil tecnológico de una empresa latinoamericana.Finalmente, para ilustrar las características principales de los sistemas constructivos que utilizan técnicas industrializadas en Latinoamérica se concluye con una breve revisión de tres experiencias exitosas e innovadoras para viviendas de bajo costo como los sistemas BENO en Argentina, SANDINO en Cuba y SANCOCHO en Venezuela.
Structural units and their importance in the management of the Ecuadorian territory
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Pauta Calle Fernando , van der Zee Jaap ,   Universidad de Cuenca
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar la utilidad conceptual y metodológica que tiene la definición de las “unidades estructurales” en la determinación de la capacidad de acogida del medio físico para las actividades humanas, en el marco de la redacción de los planes de ordenación territorial. Para tal efecto, en la introducción se sitúa como punto de partida una de las metodologías propuestas por el profesor Domingo Gómez Orea y las restricciones que presenta para tal propósito desde un enfoque más sistemático. En calidad de contexto se define a la ordenación territorial, se enuncian los pasos del proceso metodológico a seguir para la elaboración de un plan de ordenación territorial y en particular para el establecimiento de la capacidad de acogida del medio físico y como parte de este componente, de las ya mencionadas unidades estructurales, pero también de las “unidades ambientales”, destacando las bondades que tiene en principio encontrar estas últimas, siguiendo el método de Gómez Orea. Luego se conceptualiza a las unidades estructurales y se explica cómo pueden ser delimitadas a distintos niveles de detalle. Seguidamente se expone la función físico-ambiental de las unidades estructurales y su diferencia con las ambientales y asimismo su función socioeconómica. Finalmente se ilustra su definición con una aplicación concreta. El resultado principal señala que el discernimiento de la capacidad de acogida del medio físico para las actividades humanas se vuelve más idóneo, riguroso y consecuente con sus características si se sustenta en las unidades estructurales, sin perjuicio de la posterior definición, con intenciones de análisis y diagnóstico de las unidades ambientales sugeridas por Gómez Orea en atención a las actividades que soporta en un momento dado dicho medio.
The future of the past
Authors:   Municipalidad de Cuenca, Quezada Dumas Nancy
Published: December 2016

El trabajo de conservación del patrimonio ha producido importantes aciertos pero también errores. El esquema de gestión vigente requiere fortalecer la conciencia colectiva en torno a la conservación y la articulación de otros actores. Los inventarios realizados han proporcionado un fundamento indispensable para el trabajo de preservación se maneje en el futuro como un proceso continuo que permita ampliar la base de valoración de cada bien patrimonial, tanto tangible como intangible.
Seminar of local actors for the fifteen years of the inclusion of Cuenca in the World Heritage list
Authors:   Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural, Quezada Mónica
Published: December 2016

Cualquier análisis dirigido hacia la conservación y gestión del patrimonio en la ciudad no debe enfocarse únicamente a los últimos quince años, por cuanto las corrientes conservacionistas en el caso de Cuenca, estuvieron presentes desde finales de la década de los sesenta del siglo anterior, época a partir de la cual se da inicio a la adopción de diferentes acciones encaminadas a la salvaguarda del patrimonio. Además, es importante recordar que Cuenca ostenta tres reconocimientos de Patrimonio de la Humanidad: el Centro Histórico de Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca, El Tejido Tradicional del Sombrero de Paja Toquilla y el Qhapac Ñan (Paredones de Molleturo), lo cual implica que se deben aunar esfuerzos para conocer, conservar y poner en valor, no solo los bienes patrimoniales, sino todo el conjunto patrimonial (material e inmaterial) de la ciudad.
Cuenca, fifteen years as world heritage: evaluation of the processes of documentation and monitoring
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Heras Barros Verónica
Published: December 2016

Cuenca posee un centro histórico único e irrepetible que la ha hecho acreedora al título de Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad. Sin embargo, luego de quince años de su declaratoria, los bienes patrimoniales que lo conforman están expuestos a un deterioro paulatino, por la falta de recursos económicos y técnicos para su conservación, sumados a la subutilización de información patrimonial y educación sobre patrimonio.
Who designs the landscape? Planning vs. market power
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Pauta Calle Fernando
Published: December 2016

Sin duda, reflexionar sobre la planificación frente al poder del mercado es primordial en las investigaciones referidas a la ciudad, pues permite escudriñar sobre ciertos aspectos sustantivos de una de sus consecuencias o productos más notables: el paisaje, en tanto imagen externa y perceptible de ella. Con esta intención, de forma previa se identifican y caracterizan los mercados que configuran la ciudad y los instrumentos que generalmente usa la planificación para incidir en ellos y se revisa el marco jurídico ecuatoriano que los regula en el ámbito urbanístico. Luego, pensando en la ciudad de Cuenca, se abordan las expresiones más trascendentes de esta confrontación en el paisaje: el modelo de crecimiento urbano determinado por la concentración-dispersión y la competencia de los usos de suelo, en términos de la segregación socio espacial, la tendencia a la excesiva especialización funcional de las centralidades y la renovación urbana para el ajuste de la ciudad. Las conclusiones dan cuenta de la necesidad de rediseñar las políticas urbanas de cara a la consecución de un paisaje que no puede ser, cada vez más el resultado de los mecanismos y espacios de la compra de bienes y servicios del mercado.
15 years since the inclusion of Cuenca in the World Heritage List
Authors:   Museo y Parque Ancestral Pumapungo - Ministerio de Cultura y Patrimonio, Koupermann Jonathan
Published: December 2016

Son quince años desde la declaratoria y es momento de abrir un diálogo activo y proactivo entre todos quienes trabajamos o nos vinculamos con el patrimonio, como la ciudadanía y las instituciones públicas y privadas. Es muy propicio que se viva a Cuenca como lo que es, una ciudad patrimonial llena de elementos, espacios y experiencias culturales, que no sólo responden a las necesidades primordiales y diversas de sus ciudadanos, sino que evidencian su alma y espíritu.
Sustainability in the architect curriculum at the Public University of Argentina
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Angiolini Silvina
Published: December 2016

Numerosas investigaciones confirman que el rol de los arquitectos tiene una deuda ecológica; su responsabilidad ambiental, social y económica debido a las edificaciones es alta. En Argentina el 40% de los recursos energéticos se utilizan para satisfacer la demanda de edificios. El estudio se centra en la Educación Superior, su gran responsabilidad en estos temas y en la formación de arquitectos. Se analizan perfiles y el currículo declarados por las carreras de arquitectura de universidades públicas nacionales y se elabora un diagnóstico general en relación a la incorporación de la sustentabilidad en los mismos. Se establece que la incorporación de la temática está aún en su fase inicial y los nuevos conceptos específicos relativos a la sustentabilidad están ausentes en los planes de estudio.
Let’s Grow Together: Tutorials on Learning Analytics Methods
Authors: Gasevic Dragan , Pechenizkiy Mykola
Published: December 2016

This paper is a guest editorial into a special section that offers a collection of tutorials on methods that can be used in learning analytics. The special section is prepared as a response to the growing need of learning analytics practitioners and researchers to learn and use novel methods. In spite of this need, papers that systematically introduce some of the methods have been underrepresented in the literature. Specifically, the special section features papers that introduce epistemic network analysis, automated content and network analysis of social media, text coherence analysis with Coh-Metrix, microgenetic analysis with sequence pattern mining, and design of visual learning analytics guided by educational theory informed goals.
Analyzing Social Media And Learning Through Content And Social Network Analysis: A Faceted Methodological Approach
Authors: Gruzd Anatoliy , Paulin Drew , Haythornthwaite Caroline
Published: December 2016

In just a short period of time, social media have altered many aspects of our daily lives, from how we form and maintain social relationships to how we discover, access and share information online. Now social media are also affecting how we teach and learn. In this paper, we discuss methods that can help researchers and educators evaluate and understand the observed and potential use of social media for teaching and learning through content and network analyses of social media texts and networks. This paper is based on a workshop given at the 2014 Learning Analytics and Knowledge conference, and presents an overview of the measures and potential of a multi-method approach for studying learning via social media. The theoretical discussion is augmented with study of the case of Twitter discussion from a cMOOC class.
Prototyping Visual Learning Analytics Guided by an Educational Theory Informed Goal
Authors: Hillaire Garron Edward , Schlichtmann Gabrielle , Ducharme Kim
Published: December 2016

Prototype work can support the creation of data visualizations throughout the research and development process through paper prototypes with sketching, designed prototypes with graphic design tools, and functional prototypes to explore how the implementation will work. One aspect of data visualization work that is challenging is coordinating the expertise of people from a variety of roles to produce data visualizations that are guided by an educational theory informed goal (ETIG) in order to better support research. When collaborating concessions must be made and typically everyone seeks to follow the best practices established within their own disciplines. This paper attempts to illustrate how to rethink this interdisciplinary approach to adhere more strictly to educational research goals and consider how we may need to, at times, break away from best practices with the intent to evaluate the novel decisions that result from this approach. A case study of the creation of a self-reported emotional measure is used to illustrate this type of collaboration and by taking this approach a clear departure from best practices occurs in the scale selection for the visualization in order to support the ETIG.
Feminização da Profissão Docente: as representações das professoras sobre a relação entre ser mulher e ser professora do ensino fundamental
Authors: Ataide Patrícia Costa , Nunes Iran de Maria Leitão
Published: December 2016

RESUMOEste artigo versa sobre a Feminização da Profissão Docente e está subdividido em três subtítulos: identidade e profissão docente: um processo em construção e representações das professoras sobre ser mulher e ser professora do ensino fundamental. Tem-se por objetivo refletir sobre as representações das mulheres professoras sobre sermulher e ser professora do ensino fundamental. Utilizamos como procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa bibliográfica e a técnica de grupos focais. Nessa perspectiva, buscou-se fundamento em Dubar (1997) e Chartier (1990). Os achados deste estudo nos levaram a compreender que as protagonistas desse estudo acreditam que em se tratando de profissão docente, as mulheres têm um perfil para ensinar crianças e os homens para o ensino dos alunos maiores ou adultos, devido a características inerentes ao gênero. Palavras-chave: Mulher. Docência. Feminização.ABSTRACTThis article deals with the Feminization of Teaching Profession and is divided into three sections: identity and the teaching profession: a process under construction and representations of teachers about being a woman and being an elementary school teacher. It has been designed to reflect on the representations of female teachers about being a woman and being an elementary school teacher. We use as instruments, the literature and the technique of focus groups. From this perspective, it sought to ground Dubar (1997) and Chartier (1990). Our findings led us to understand that the protagonists of this study believe that when it comes to teaching profession, women have a profile for teaching children and men for teaching major or adult learners, because of inherent gender characteristics.Keywords: Woman. Teaching. Feminization.RESUMENEste artículo se ocupa de la Feminización de la Profesión Docente y se subdivide en tres secciones: identidad y profesión docente: un processo en construcción y representaciones de las maestras sobre ser mujer yser maestra de enseñanza primaria. Tiene el objetivo de reflexionar sobre las representaciones de las mujeres maestras sobre ser mujer y ser maestra de la enseñanza primaria. Fue utilizado como procedimentos metodológicos, la búsqueda bibliográfica y la técnica de grupos focales.En esta perspectiva, se buscó fundamentación en Dubar (1997) y Chartier (1990). Los resultados de este estudio nos llevaron a comprender que las protagonistas de este estudio creen que en lo que se refierea a la profesión docente, las mujeres tienen un perfil para la enseñanza de niños y los hombres para la enseñanza de alunos mayores o adultos,debido a las características inherentes al género.Palabras clave: Mujer. Enseñanza. Feminización.
Are Dogs That Eat Quickly More Likely to Develop a Gastric Dilatation (+/- Volvulus) Than Dogs That Eat Slowly?
Authors: Buckley Louise Anne
Published: December 2016

Clinical bottom line:

The available evidence is mixed and of variable quality. Most evidence indicates that rate of eating has no effect on risk of gastric dilatation; volvulus (GDV). Where significant effects occur, fast eating was implicated as a risk factor. No studies found that slow eating was significantly associated with an increased risk of GDV. Slowing the rate at which a dog consumes a meal will not increase risk of GDV but it may possibly reduce the risk. Based on the limitations and unreliability of the current relevant literature there is not enough evidence to make a conclusion either way. 
Literature Searching for Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine: Coping with Zero Hits
Authors: Place Emma
Published: December 2016

Emma Place gives a talk on how it can be common to get zero or low numbers of hits for a veterinary PICO search in bibliographic databases, particularly if results are screened for clinical trials...

This is a podcast of Emma Place's talk at the Veterinary Evidence Today conference, Edinburgh November 3, 2016.

 

 
Derecho y Sostenibilidad Soberanía del Agua: Gobernanza y Participación Ciudadana
Authors: Heilmann Maria de Jesus Rodrigues Araujo
Published: December 2016

En este estudio se va a tratar del tema de la gobernanza del agua como punto clave de la soberanía en la gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos integrados, matizando unos aspectos del sistema jurídico europeo y brasileño respeto a participación e información. En otro aspecto, se centra en la perspectiva administrativa y medio ambiental, abordando más específicamente el tema del derecho de agua, ante los problemas más comunes afrontados en dos aspectos lo económico-ambiental y de cuestiones administrativas (función de policía y de servicio público). Por último, se destaca los retos de la gobernanza del agua en dos tendencias relevantes: el derecho fundamental del acceso al agua para todos, y sobre el valor económico del agua.
Ventajas y Desventajas de la Conciliación en la Resolución de Conflictos – Sobre Reparación del Daño al Medio Ambiente
Authors: Rendón Angelina Isabel Valenzuela
Published: December 2016

En el presente trabajo se exponen diversas ventajas y desventajas propias del medio alterno de solución de conflictos conocido como conciliación, esto a fin de dilucidar si se trata de un mecanismo adecuado para resolver controversias sobre reparación de daño causado al medio ambiente, lo que se realizará mediante la técnica metodológica cartesiana.

Se observa que la conciliación es una forma de acceder a la justicia, adicional al proceso tradicional; además de que a través del procedimiento conciliatorio se fomenta la resolución pacífica de las disputas.

Finalmente, se concluye que los pros de la conciliación tienen mayor peso que los contras. Por lo tanto, proponer el procedimiento conciliatorio significa ofrecer una alternativa de un mecanismo pertinente cuando se resuelven controversias sobre reparación del daño al medio ambiente; todo esto coadyuvando al logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio.

In this research, different distinct advantages and disadvantages of the alternative dispute resolution known as conciliation are exposed. Through the Cartesian method, this presentation helps establish if conciliation is an adequate way to resolve disputes regarding reparation of environmental damage.

Conciliation is a means to access justice, in addition to the traditional trial; furthermore, conciliation encourages the pacific resolution of disputes.

Finally, it is concluded that the advantages of conciliation weigh more heavily than its disadvantages. Therefore, conciliation is a pertinent option to solve disputes regarding reparation of environmental damages, in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
O Controle Administrativo dos Concursos Públicos no Direito Brasileiro e o Papel da Advocacia Pública
Authors: Carvalho Fábio Lins de Lessa
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo científico tem como objetivo a análise do controle dos processos seletivos de acesso à função pública, destacando, em especial, a figura do controle administrativo enquanto mecanismo interno de fiscalização dos concursos públicos realizados pela Administração Pública brasileira e ressaltando o papel dos órgãos que exercem a Advocacia Pública, que, a partir de uma atuação com foco no controle preventivo, garante a redução das possibilidades de litígios na disputa pelos cargos públicos (diminuição da judicialização dos concursos), garantindo também um procedimento mais afeito aos princípios do Direito Administrativo.
Pessoa Jurídica de Direito Público: Uma Análise Jurisprudencial sobre a Responsabilidade Penal
Authors: Targanski Caroline Andreska , Fell Elizângela Treméa
Published: December 2016

O presente estudo adentra a possibilidade de responsabilização penal das pessoas jurídicas de direito público no Brasil. A temática é atual e um tanto quanto controvertida, uma vez que há a previsão constitucional de responsabilização penal da pessoa jurídica, no entanto, sem distinções acerca da natureza jurídica do ente julgado. Procurou-se nesse trabalho, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, perquirir o histórico do direito penal, bem como os fundamentos constitucionais que motivaram sua vigência ser de caráter subjetivo, sinalizando que somente a pessoa humana é capaz de condutas ilícitas. Outrossim, partindo da compreensão das antinomias concernentes ao tema, estudou-se o posicionamento jurisprudencial acerca do assunto frente a uma sociedade que está em constante transformação. Conclui-se que parcela da doutrina ainda questiona a possibilidade de responsabilização da pessoa jurídica por vir de encontro ao princípio clássico “societatis delinquere non potest” e aos princípios da pessoalidade e culpabilidade. Todavia a jurisprudência nacional assinala – de maneira diversa – para esta responsabilização penal da pessoa jurídica, e, no caso de crimes ambientais, dispensa a necessidade de dupla imputação. Em relação à pessoa jurídica de direito público, observa-se que não há obstáculos para tal responsabilização, pois a Lei 9.605/1998 não exclui o ente político, sendo perfeitamente admissível que este cometa fato tipificado como crime no desenvolvimento de suas atividades.
A Prática Jurídica Sob a Ótica de Ronald Dworkin e a Interpretação do Direito à Saúde como Princípio da Ordem Jurídica Fundamental
Authors: Leopoldino Cândida Joelma , Esquivel Carla Liliane Waldow , Bosco Maria Goretti Dal
Published: December 2016

O direito à saúde é um direito fundamental-social consignado na Constituição Federal e está intimamente conectado aos demais valores nela amparados. Neste direito estão incluídos os meios ou recursos para a sua consecução, como os medicamentos. No entanto, não é suficiente sua previsão expressa no texto legal. Importa que seja operacionalizado pelo Estado através de políticas públicas promovidas pelo Poder Executivo e, na ausência ou insuficiência destas, através da intervenção judicial. Assim, na prática jurídica, a melhor forma de interpretação do direito é a que o concebe como integridade, encontrando-se a melhor resposta para o caso concreto. Sob essa perspectiva o direito à saúde deve ser interpretado como princípio da ordem jurídica, buscando-se, através desta forma de interpretação, que sejam efetivamente garantidos os ideais de justiça, equidade ou alguma outra dimensão da moral.
Sociedades Limitadas e Livre-Iniciativa: Concretização dos Ditames da Constituição Federal de 1988
Authors: Castanhato Camila , Abdulmassih Thiago Brazolin
Published: December 2016

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar como os princípios da autonomia patrimonial da sociedade empresária e da subsidiariedade da responsabilidade dos sócios pelas obrigações sociais devem ser entendidos como aspectos da efetividade do princípio constitucional da livre-iniciativa, para então, verificar como a sua concretização e proteção podem ocorrer sob a Constituição de 1988. Visando aproximar os ditames constitucionais à realidade socioeconômica brasileira, optou-se por estudar a separação patrimonial no âmbito das sociedades limitadas, por serem o tipo societário mais comum no Brasil, e também um dos mais acessíveis ao empresário em geral, de forma que as conclusões deste estudo sejam aplicáveis a um grande número de situações. Destarte, neste trabalho passaremos pela análise da conjuntura que ensejou a criação das sociedades empresárias, historicamente ligadas à Revolução Industrial Inglesa, tomada pelo ponto de vista crítico de Alysson Leandro Mascaro e Vicente Bagnoli, e posteriormente complementadas pela Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, que conjugaria a visão dos dois polos políticos na Guerra Fria. Em seguida, trazemos a livre-iniciativa como mandamento constitucional fundamental ligado aos Direitos Humanos, conforme a interpretação da Teoria de Capitalismo Humanista. Neste quadro de referências teóricas visamos, por fim, demonstrar que a proteção da separação patrimonial das sociedades limitadas deve ser ampla, admitindo-se o uso de técnicas como a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica deve ser sopesada com os Direitos Humanos inatos ligados à livre-iniciativa, que em última instância, organiza meios materiais para a emancipação das pessoas e a promoção da sua liberdade
Challenges of Offering a MOOC from an LMIC
Authors: Pasha Aamna , Abidi Syed Hani , Ali Syed
Published: December 2016

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) were initiated in the early 2000s by certain leading American and European universities. An integral part of the MOOC philosophy has been to provide open access to online learning. Despite their potential advantages to local audiences, faculty and institutions, the number of MOOCs offered from low and middle income countries (LMICs) remains low. The intent of this paper is to provide a reflective perspective on a MOOC recently offered from an LMIC, namely, Pakistan. According to our analysis, the main concern for the organizers of this MOOC was to maintain a high standard of quality, and to offer a course topic that responded to the academic needs of this region. The pedagogical strategy also emphasized on allowing the participants flexibility of time, enabling them to access the course content despite limitations with power shortages, internet speeds, and computer literacy. Despite the lack of resources and expertise, there is significant enthusiasm to introduce this form of teaching and learning to LMIC audiences.
Faculty Members’ Instructional Priorities for Adopting OER
Authors: Jung Insung , Hong Seongyoun
Published: December 2016

This study aimed to investigate and classify faculty members’ instructional priorities for adopting OER. In-depth interview data were collected from 10 faculty members from different regions and analyzed with NVivo 10. The original supposition was that the well-established instructional priorities, effectiveness, efficiency, and appeal would apply. However, it was found that in adopting OER, these faculty members had four instructional priorities: effectiveness, efficiency, appeal, and extension. Effectiveness was the most important consideration, followed by extension, appeal, and efficiency. Regional differences were also apparent. These findings were drawn upon to propose an elaborated model of instructional priorities for adopting OER.
Alimentation en eau de la vigne et composition chimique des moûts dans les grands crus du Médoc. Phénomènes de régulation
Authors: Seguin Gérard
Published: December 2016

Au cours de cette étude nous avons essayé de mettre en évidence des corrélations chiffrées entre la qualité de l'alimentation en eau de la vigne (ETR/ETP) et la constitution chimique des moûts. Malgré l'interférence d'autres facteurs naturels (températures, ensoleillement, nature des sols, etc...), il apparaît que la richesse en acides des moûts (et notamment la teneur en acide malique) est d'autant plus grande que l'alimentation en eau de la vigne se fait dans de bonnes conditions (il s'agit ici de la qualité de l'alimentation en eau et non de la pluviosité puisque nous avons eu l'occasion de souligner qu'il pouvait y avoir une très bonne alimentation en eau de la vigne avec de faibles précipitations).

Concernant les teneurs en sucres réducteurs et en acide tartrique (qui est le principal acide du moût et du vin), il intervient des phénomènes de régulation qui, dans ces grands crus médocains, permettent d'obtenir un vin dont les deux principaux constituants varient dans des marges relativement étroites d'une année à l'autre.
Etude de l'origine de l'arôme de géranium dans les vins traités par l'acide sorbique
Authors: Würdig G. , Schlotter H. A. , Klein E.
Published: December 2016

L'analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse de vins traités par l'acide sorbique et présentant une « odeur de géranium » à la suite d'une réduction bactérienne de l'acide lactique permet d'affirmer que cette odeur a très certainement pour origine l'hexadiène-2,4 ol ; l'addition au vin de cette substance ou de deux de ses esters (lactate et acétate) permet de reproduire avec une parfaite similitude l'altération naturelle constatée dans les vins traités par l'acide sorbique.

Les seuils de dégustation sont respectivement de 0,009 mg par litre pour l'hexadiénol, de 0,0025 mg par litre pour le lactate et de 0,015 mg par litre pour l'acétate.

Pour le développement de « l'odeur de géranium » la présence d'alcool est nécessaire. Il agit probablement en tant qu'agent dissolvant pour l'hexadiénol qui est presque insoluble dans l'eau. Cela est confirmé par l'abaissement des valeurs du seuil gustatif après addition d'hexadiénol ou de ses esters au vin au cours d'une journée jusqu'à un cinquantième ou même jusqu'à un centième de la valeur immédiatement après l'addition.
Recherches sur la structure et les propriétés des composés phénoliques polymerisés des vins rouges. III. Fractionnement des composés phénoliques avec la polyvinylpyrrolidone (p.v.p.)
Authors: Glories Yves , Augustin Monique
Published: December 2016

Au cours de ce nouveau travail, nous nous proposons d'étudier l'adsorption et la désorption sélective des composés phénoliques du vin rouge sur la p.v.p., appliquée plus particulièrement au fractionnement des flavolanes.
La macération pelliculaire dans la vinification en blanc. Incidence sur la composante volatile des moûts
Authors: Baumes Raymond L. , Bayonove Claude L. , Barillère Jean-Marie , Escudier J. L. , Cordonnier Robert
Published: December 2016

The effect of skin contact on the composition of volatiles in the three varieties Chenin, Chardonnay and Bourboulenc was studied using gas chromatography. 32 components were identified in all the musts : 6 alcohols with 6 carbon atoms, 12 other alcohols, 4 carbonyl compounds, 2 lactones, 1 phenol, 6 terpenols and 1 ester. These were assayed in triplicate. Analysis of variance was carried out to determine whether skin contact made a significant contribution to the variability observed in the extracts. Musts prepared with skin contact were all richer (2.3 to 2.8 times) in all the volatiles assayed than the control musts. Aldehydes and alcohols with 6 carbon atoms were quantitatively the most important (2 to 3 times more plentiful in skin contact musts) and formed 58 to 93 p. 100 of the components determined. Principal component analysis was carried out to classify the musts according to the neutral volatiles that they contained ; this was effected using the components that were significantly different quantitatively according to the type of must.
Une approche de la dégustation analytique des eaux-de-vie d'armagnac
Authors: Bertrand Alain , Ségur Marie-Claude
Published: December 2016

L'analyse détaillée d'une vingtaine d'eaux-de-vie du commerce suivie d'une dégustation par un petit groupe de personnes bien entraînées nous a permis d'effectuer les observations décrites dans cette note. Celles-ci n'ont pas de valeur statistique mais constituent une base à partir de laquelle des études plus précises seront développées.
Incidence de certains facteurs sur la décarboxylation des acides phénols par la levure
Authors: Chatonnet Pascal , Dubourdieu Denis , Boidron Jean-Noël
Published: December 2016

La décarboxylation des acides phénols par la levure Saccharomyces est bien connue en brasserie car elle est génératrice de mauvais goûts et odeurs (DADIC et al., 1971, THURSTON et TUBB, 1981). Cette réaction est en revanche peu connue dans les conditions particulières de la vinification.

Même si les quantités d'acides phénols présents dans les moûts et les vins sont sans commune mesure avec celle des malts (RIBÉREAU-GAYON, 1968, NYKANEN et SUOMALANEIN, 1983), les phénols volatils produits sont fortement odorants et impliqués dans l'arôme de certains vins (BOIDRON et al., 1988).

Nous rapportons ici les premières observations effectuées sur les conditions de décarboxylation des acides phénols en oenologie.
Elimination du précurseur du carbamate d'éthyle dans les eaux-de-vie de vin
Authors: Bertrand Alain , Bertsch K. , Ségur Marie-Claude
Published: December 2016

Le carbamate d'éthyle est une substance naturellement présente dans tous les milieux fermentés contenant de l'éthanol. Son origine reste encore en partie inexpliquée. Dans les vins, les teneurs habituellement rencontrées sont de l'ordre d'une dizaine de microgrammes par litre.

Dans les eaux-de-vie de vin, les teneurs varient de quelques dizaines à quelques centaines de microgrammes par litre. Le carbamate d'éthyle fait l'objet d'une réglementation dans certains pays à cause de ses propriétés cancérogènes. Dans les eaux-de-vie de vin, le carbamate d'éthyle ne provient ni de celui initialement présent dans le vin distillé, ni de l'urée. Il pourrait se former à partir d'un précurseur volatil non identifié qui réagirait avec l'éthanol après la distillation.

Il était intéressant de connaître, d'une part les variations de la teneur en carbamate d'éthyle des eaux-de-vie de vin à partir de la fin de la distillation et d'autre part s'il était possible d'éliminer totalement ou même partiellement ce précurseur avant qu'il ne réagisse avec l'éthanol.
Characterization of proteic content of gelatins
Authors: Bayle Eliane , Lagune Laure , Glories Yves , Sudraud P.
Published: December 2016

Enological gelatins are currently used in the red wines collage. We found those gelatins added with particular composants in white wines treatment.

The Kjeldahl method recommanded by the Enology Codex gives the global concentration in nitrogen containing compounds. In order to characterize the protein content of oenological gelatins, simple and rapid determinations, based on colorimetric reactions have been selected. The proteic concentrations have been determined from commercial kits SIGMA : Biuret and Ninhydrin reactions are both concerned. They have a good repetability (variation coefficient < 6 p. cent). With Biuret, hot soluble gelatins have high concentrations, instead cold soluble and liquid gelatins have light concentrations. With Ninhydrin, results are reversed. A coefficient corresponding to the ratio of those two methods allows to characterize the hydrolyse degree of proteic chains : C = [B] / [N], Gelatins can be classified in two groups : C < 35 for cold soluble and liquid gelatins , C > 35 for hot soluble gelatins.

Otherwise, results obtained in Kjeldahl and Biuret methods are proportional. In fact, the authors suggest a limit proteic concentration expressed in mg BSA/g solid gelatin : 750 mg BSA /g corresponding to the standard decided by the Codex, 14 % nitrogen minimum.
Adsorption of tartaric acid and malic by active carbons
Authors: Robert L. , Mourgues J. , Pamar-Robert Arlette , Achour D. , Molinier J.
Published: December 2016

Adsorption of tartaric acid and malic acid by active carbons bas been tested with six samples of carbons. At acid pH ; the adsorbed amounts of tartaric acid and of malic acid are practically the same. For a solution concentration of 20 g/l, adsorbed amounts from 0.008 to 0.29 gramme for one gramme of carbon have been found, variation which may be due to various states of carbon surface oxidation. Increasing the pH of the solutions shows a dramatic decrease of adsorbed amounts, this decrease being more rapid for tartaric acid than for malic acid. At neutral pH, the adsoiption becomes negligible. With acidic solutions containing the two acids altogether, acid malic is more adsorbed than tartaric acid.
Study in aroma of sweet natural non Muscat wines 2nd part : quantitative analysis of volatil compounds taking part in aroma of sweet natural wines during ageing
Authors: Cutzach Isabelle , Chatonnet Pascal , Henry R. , Pons Monique , Dubourdieu Denis
Published: December 2016

This study is dedicated to quantification, by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, of some volatile compounds founded during ageing of sweet natural wines. Besides determination of the thresholds olfactory perception enable us knowing better the more active compound in sweet natural wines aroma.

The results enable to know better volatile compounds which are able to produce ageing aromas characteristic of sweet natural wines. These products are always rich in sugar and grown up in a more or less oxidising environment. Logically, many of the compounds identified in this work (derived furanic compounds and many others) are Iinked with chemical like Maillard reactions between sugars and amino-acids. Others compounds as a sotolon need oxidising phenomena to increase in the environment.

Comparatively, oldest Port wines have been analysed. The compounds measured in these Port wines also exist in French sweet natural wines of type Banyuls and Rivesaltes, keeped under oxidising environment. But the dillerences of concentrations in some compounds discriminate them from the Port wines.
Role of sotolon in the aroma of sweet fortified wines. Influence of conservation and ageing conditions
Authors: Cutzach Isabelle , Chatonnet Pascal , Dubourdieu Denis
Published: December 2016

The aroma of the sweet fortified wines is often characterised by the « rancio » descriptor. According to the mode of conservation and the type of vine, the intensity of « rancio » character inay vary notably.

The molecule responsible for this aroma in sweet fortified wines has been identified to the sotolon. According to its content, this molecule can influence differently the aroma of wines. Less than of 300 µg/1, sotolon takes part of « prune » aroma, whereas between 300 and 600 µg/1, it is responsible for the « dried prickly-pear, dried fruit » aroma. More than of 600 µg/1, the sweet natural wines are characterised by « rancio » character. An oxidising conservation is essential for high content of sotolon. An accidental oxidising during ageing in bottle, according for instance with a poor quality of the cork, may increase the formation of this compound in some sweet fortified wines. With the same âge and for the same level of the oxidation, the red sweet natural wines have always a lower sotolon content than the whites. The presence of polyphenolic compounds, by slowing down oxidising phenomena and by reducing the accumulation of ethanal essential for the sotolon formation, explains the lower content of this molecule in the red wines. The sotolon formation in the sweet natural wines has been studied through many experimentations on wines and model solutions at the laboratory and the winery scales. We show that the formation of sotolon during conservation and oxidising ageing of sweet natural wines essentially depends on chemical phenomena.
Effects of ripening conditions on the following season's growth and yield components for Pinot noir and Gewurztraminer grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in a controlled environment
Authors: Duchêne Eric , Jaegli Nathalie , Salber R. , Gaudillère Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2016

Two levels of leaf/area ratio were created for two varieties of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in a glasshouse. Carbohydrate and free amino acids concentrations in the pruning wood were significantly reduced when the leaf/fruit ratio was low. In the following season, growth parameters were affected as well as yield components such as the number of shoots per plant, the number of inflorescences per shoot, the number of flowers per inflorescence and the number of berries per cluster. Fruit set was however not altered. Weight of grapes at fruit set was reduced by 68% for Gewurztraminer and by 46 % for Pinot noir.
Evaluation of the productivity of the hybrid vine Seyval blanc in function of several types of protection against frost in Quebec
Authors: Telebak T. , Jolivet Yvon , Dubois Jean-Marie
Published: December 2016

In Quebec, winter frost is one of the determining factors influencing vine survival and yield. To evaluate the quality of the different types of winter protection, ground temperature data under different covers (ground knolls, leaf mounds, carried over snow and natural snow) and ambient air temperatures were recorded. Results show that the Seyval blanc, if not protected against winter frost, can sustain quite serious damages when the air temperature reaches -30 °C. Ridging, leaf covering and the natural snow cover as well as carried over snow have a positive effect on ground temperatures, since over the site without protection, frost penetrated down to a depth of 50 cm. However, it seems that the root System did not sustain significant damages from the ground frost since regrowth occurred in the Spring. Because of its direct exposure to radiation and surface climatic conditions, bare soil warms up more quickly in the Spring compared to the other sites benefiting from protection. Results also indicate that the mortality rate of the vine stock fruit buds without protection is nearly 100 % compared to the protected vine stocks with a fruit bud mortality rate varying from 22.5 to 35.8 %. The protected vine stocks, regardless of the type of protection used, had satislactory yields from 7.2 t/ha to 24.4 t/ha. On the other hand, the raisin yield of the vine stocks without any winter protection is null. The best raisin yields were obtained over sites where vine stocks were protected by ridging (40 cm of earth), while the vine stocks protected by leaf covering showed an average yield. We also observed that when vine stock leaf covering is coupled with lodged vine shoots, raisin yields are higher than when the vine shoots are erect. However, in both cases, potential yield per hectare is satisfactory. Hence, the lodging of vine shoots becomes a useless operation. The vine stocks protected by natural snow as well as by leaf covering (30 cm + carried over snow and lodged vine shoots) gave the fruit with the highest sugar content. Snow is also an excellent insulator because a 37 cm high snow cover permitted the survival of the vine stocks protected by snow even when the temperature reached -30 °C. The only problem still posing a threat is snow cover variability during the winter season. A reduced snow cover, coupled with temperature conditions under the threshold of tolerance of the vine to cold, could not insure satisfactory protection ol the fruit buds.