Long-Term Follow up for SWOG 1318: Combination of Dasatinib, Prednisone, and Blinatumomab for Older Patients with Philadelphia-Chromosome (Ph) Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Advani Anjali S. , Moseley Anna B , O'Dwyer Kristen M. , Wood Brent L. , Park Jae H. , Wieduwilt Matthew J. , Jeyakumar Deepa , Yaghmour George , Atallah Ehab L. , Gerds Aaron T. , O'Brien Susan M. , Liesveld Jane L. , Othus Megan , Litzow Mark R. , Stone Richard M , Sharon Elad , Yeung Cecilia C.S. , Radich Jerald P. , Erba Harry P. 
Published: December 2023

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved the outcomes of patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Many older patients (pts) are not good candidates for intensive chemotherapy and are treated with TKIs plus corticosteroids or low-intensity chemotherapy. Although the remission rates with this approach have been high, the median disease-free survival (DFS) has been short. Therefore, novel treatment strategies are needed. This trial evaluated the feasibility of combining the TKI dasatinib with prednisone and blinatumomab in older pts with Ph+ ALL. Here we present updated results (median follow-up, 4.3 years).

Methods: This trial was activated through the NCTN in January 2015 and closed to accrual in April 2021. Pt eligibility included: age ≥ 65 years; Ph+ or Ph-like ALL (with dasatinib-sensitive fusions or mutations); newly diagnosed or relapsed/ refractory; no evidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease; and adequate organ function.

Treatment: For induction, pts received dasatinib 140 mg/d orally (PO) Days 1-56 along with prednisone 60 mg/m 2/d PO Days 1-24. Pts achieving complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) (Day 28 or Day 56) continued dasatinib until Day 84, followed by 3 cycles of post-remission therapy (PRT) with blinatumomab/ dasatinib. Pts not achieving CR or CRi by Day 56 received re-induction with blinatumomab. The response rate was assessed on Day 35 of blinatumomab. Pts not achieving CR/ CRi could receive a second cycle of blinatumomab. This was followed by 3 cycles of PRT with blinatumomab/ dasatinib. Maintenance therapy consisted of prednisone 60 mg/m 2/d x 5 days every 28 days for a total of 18 cycles, along with dasatinib 140 mg po qd indefinitely. CNS prophylaxis included intrathecal (IT) methotrexate every 4-6 weeks x 8 doses. IT methotrexate was given at least 2 days apart from blinatumomab.

Response was assessed at Days 28, 56, and 84, and additional time points were dependent on response. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was assessed centrally by multi-color flow cytometry on Day 28.

Statistics: A total of 24 eligible patients were accrued. The primary objective was the feasibility of the combination therapy. The combination was to be deemed feasible if the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was &lt; 33%. DLT included: &gt; Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicities (excluding nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) and Grade 4 neutropenia lasting &gt; 42 days. The primary results were reported in 2022 with a median of 2.7 years of follow-up. Herein, we report long-term outcomes for these patients.

Results: The median age was 73 years (range 65-87). All pts had newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL; 79% of Ph+ pts had additional cytogenetic abnormalities. During induction, 2 pts experienced treatment-related non-hematologic Grade 4 toxicities. No Grade 4 or higher treatment-related non-hematologic toxicities occurred during post-remission therapy or maintenance. The toxicity of the combination was deemed acceptable. Twenty-two of 24 pts (92%) achieved a CR during dasatinib and prednisone induction therapy. Four did not receive PRT (2 due to adverse events, 1 to receive a transplant, and 1 because of insurance issues). Sixteen pts who achieved CR had MRD data. Six of 16 pts (38%) were MRD undetectable by multi-color flow cytometry on Day 28. Most sites also monitored patients' blood or bone marrow with real-time quantitative PCR to quantify the BCR-ABL1 transcript for molecular response. Of 19 patients analyzed, 17 (89%) were in a major or complete molecular remission at some time point after treatment, with at least 12 of these patients achieving complete molecular remission. Four patients remain on maintenance. The median follow- up for pts who are alive is 4.3 years (range 2.6-6.5 years). The median overall survival (OS) is 6.5 years (95% CI 3-NA) and the median DFS has not been reached as of June 29, 2023. Kaplan-Meier 3-year estimates of OS and DFS are 75% (95% CI 52%-88%) and 72% (95% CI 49%-87%), respectively (Figure). Of the 8 relapses, 4 patients were CD19+ and 3 had T315I mutations.

Conclusions: Median DFS and OS with dasatinib and blinatumomab in this older group of Ph+ ALL patients remain excellent despite only 1 patient proceeding to an allogeneic transplant. Further correlative studies (single cell transcriptomics and DNA methylation sequencing) are being planned to evaluate predictors of relapse and will be presented at the meeting.