bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress in Broiler Farming
Authors: Fathi Mokhtar , Mardani Parastoo
Published: June 2024

Broiler breeders’ problems arise from various factors, such as management, stress, nutrition, immunosuppression, heat and cold stress, feed restriction, stocking density, pollutants, and exposure to disease agents. Stress can have a significant impact on both performance and overall health, making individuals more vulnerable to disease. Research has shown that chickens are no exception to this, as their performance, welfare, and health can all be negatively affected by stress. This can result in a variety of issues, such as changes in behavior, decreased meat quality, damage to tissues and intestines, and even a higher risk of mortality. Managing stress is crucial for the success of breeding programs in broiler chickens. Stressors can be tackled by supplementing chicken diets with vitamins and antioxidants. Poultry birds cannot produce enough vitamins during stressful periods, and therefore, it is recommended to supplement their diets with a combination of vitamins or antioxidants. This approach is more effective than using individual vitamins to alleviate stress in chickens. This chapter discusses stress in broilers and specific causes of stress in broiler breeders. It also covers management practices and strategies to prevent and alleviate the negative effects of stress.
The Influence of Helicobacter pylori Infection Treatment on Psoriasis Severity
Authors: Weytey Sampson
Published: June 2024

Helicobacter pylori infection is a condition caused by the gram-negative bacterium H. pylori affecting the mucous lining of the antrum portion of the stomach. At least 50% of the global population fall victim to this condition with Africans proven to have the highest prevalence rate of 70%, followed by South America and Western Asia with 69.4 and 66.6% respectively. In Africa, Nigeria is said to have the highest prevalence rate of H. pylori infection recording 87.7 to 89.7%. H. pylori infection is known to inflict a wide range of gastric complications including Peptic ulcer disease among others, and extra gastric complications such as Neurological diseases, as well as Dermatological diseases. Psoriasis, an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, affecting more than 100 million individuals globally, is one of the dermatological complications of H. pylori infection. It has been noted that H. pylori seem to play a major role in the development of psoriasis. Therefore, this chapter seeks to provide readers with the connection between H. pylori infection and Psoriasis as well as the influence the treatment of H. pylori infection has on Psoriasis severity.
Language Context in the Future of Television and Video Industry: Exploring Trends and Opportunities
Authors: Haris Arkin
Published: June 2024

This chapter explores the importance of language context in the future of the television and video industry. With a growing global audience and increasing demand for content in multiple languages, the sector is turning to new innovations and strategies to meet this demand. It examines the impact of language on content creation, distribution, and consumption and how industry players are responding to this changing landscape. It also discusses the role of computational technology, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in shaping linguistic tasks in the multimedia. Several potential developments can influence the trends and opportunities that are included in the increased utilization of multilingual contents, advancements in automatic translation, the integration of natural language, the creation of language-inclusive content, and the utilization of AI technology to aid language learners. Multilingual content caters to diverse linguistic needs, expands reach, and promotes cultural exchange. Automatic translation optimizes language accessibility and facilitates smooth communication across different languages. Integration of Natural Language Processing improves the interaction between viewers and technology. Language inclusivity fosters cultural appreciation and representation. AI technology advances effective and personalized language learning experiences. Embracing these trends ensures relevance and connection with viewers in a globalized world.
Teaching and Learning Using Technology
Authors: Segone Dirane Johannes
Published: June 2024

Technology transforms education, changes how, when, and where students learn, and empowers students and educators at every phase of their teaching and learning voyages. Students customise their education on these teaching and learning journeys, and technology itself empowers them by granting them control over how they absorb knowledge, enabling them to apply their education to their digital lives as 21st-century learners who are digital natives. With technology and access to unlimited online learning resources beyond the classroom environment, students are inspired to be problem solvers, critical thinkers, innovators and creators. Technology prepares students for 21st-century human resources with modern technology skills and competencies. Virtual Reality (VR), Video Conferencing platforms, Online textbooks, Education technology, (A)synchronous learning tools, hybrid technology, Smart Video cameras and other teaching and learning technology tools can make the classroom or virtual classrooms more energetic. The teaching and learning technology tools can also create a more inclusive learning environment that instils collaboration and inquisitiveness in students. Students who have access to real-time student data, content, apps, and other resources through technology can excel to new heights. Undoubtedly, technology can support teachers in developing blended learning environments, utilising digital tools for evaluations, and introducing cutting-edge teaching and learning models.
Biogas as a Sustainable Fuel and Feedstock: Properties, Purification, and Applications
Authors: Jeremiah Barasa Kabeyi Moses , Akanni Olanrewaju Oludolapo
Published: June 2024

Biogas is a renewable energy resource derived from biomass mainly through anaerobic digestion. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and trace elements significantly affect the fuel. Hence, the undesirable components are undesirable and should be removed for various biogas applications. This makes it necessary to purify raw biogas to increase its utility making it suitable for many applications as a sustainable energy resource and process feedstock. Biogas can make substantial contribution to realization of sustainable development goals and the global energy transition. However, the wide-scale use of biogas is seriously constrained by the presence of harmful impurities as well as the low calorific value of biogas. The overall objective of this chapter is to investigate the properties of biogas, its cleaning, upgrading, and its sustainability as a transition energy resource for realization of sustainable development goals and the global energy transition. The chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the potential of biogas as a fuel and potential feedstock for various industrial processes. Furthermore, this study offers a comprehensive examination of the various technological alternatives that can be employed to harness biogas for the purpose of generating heat and electricity.
Changes in Serum Level of Vitamin D Four Years After Sleeve Gastrectomy in Patients with Morbid Obesity: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Malekpour Alamdari Nasser , Abbasi Maryam , Ansari Iman , Karimian Maedeh , Babakhani Elnaz , Ahmadi Saman , Azizi Nadian Mohammadali
Published: June 2024

Background: Bariatric procedures are associated with various micronutrient and vitamin deficiencies, including vitamin D. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on serum vitamin D levels in a 4-year follow-up of obese patients. Methods: All obese patients undergoing LSG at Modarres Hospital were included in this study. Patients were evaluated 4 years after surgery, and their serum levels of calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and vitamin D were measured. Results: Analytical analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in vitamin D and calcium levels before and after LSG (P-value < 0.001 for both). However, the change in PTH levels before and after LSG was not statistically significant. Additionally, the analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between vitamin D levels and PTH levels. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that, four years after LSG, vitamin D and calcium levels significantly increased in patients with morbid obesity, although the observed increase in PTH levels was not statistically significant.
The Role of Reflective Journaling in Creative Writing Learning
Authors: Ramadhanti Dina
Published: June 2024

This research aims to describe the role of reflective journals in learning creative writing. By using a qualitative approach, information was obtained about student responses about the use of reflective journals in creative writing learning. Sixteen students were randomly selected to share their experiences using reflective journals. The research results show that students can creatively produce creative writing as a form of freedom of imagination and thinking creatively. In creative writing, the process starting from finding ideas, collecting written material, and evaluating needs to be the main consideration rather than the final product because good products are produced through a complex writing process. Reflective journals in this case help students monitor and control their freedom of thought.
Development of Google Form-based Digital Worksheets to Increase the Learning Spirit of High School Students
Authors: Harun Fadilah , Rusli Hildawati , Wahyuni Sri , Marwiyah  , Sudirman
Published: June 2024

This study aims to produce a Valid and Practical Google Forms-based Digital Worksheet to enhance the Learning Enthusiasm of High School Students. The method used is Research and Development with the ADDIE design, focusing on the development of digital worksheets with both validity and practicality. The ADDIE design stages involve analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research was conducted at State High School 3 Luwu, involving 20 students as participants. Data were collected through observation and questionnaires. The questionnaires were used for validation by subject matter experts and media experts, using a rating scale of 1-5. Additionally, the questionnaires assessed student responses to the digital worksheets after the trial, using the same rating scale. Data were processed through descriptive statistical and qualitative descriptive analysis. The research results showed material validity of 86% and media validity of 95%, providing a strong foundation for the use of technology in learning. Student responses obtained an average percentage of 85.14%, indicating that the digital worksheets were highly practical.
Inspirations and Limitations: Reason, the Universal Audience, and Inspire Magazine
Authors: Schreiner Meagan , Williams Mark A. E. , Zuckerman S. David ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: June 2024

This paper addresses the first issue of the English-language web-based Al-Qaeda magazine Inspire, which was released in the summer of 2010. The authors contextualize the magazine in the media aspects of the conflict between Al-Qaeda and the West, and examine an article attributed to Usama bin Laden through the lens of Perelman and Olbrecht-Tyteca’s New Rhetoric. The authors demonstrate that political violence is a media-driven event, and that The New Rhetoric, taken as a method in such a context, becomes a petitio, since the very question raised by Inspire focuses on the definition and nature of the universal audience. This raises quite significant questions abut the nature of methodology at the intersection of communication and religion.
Priest as Teacher I: Understanding Source Credibility
Authors: Horan Sean M. , Raposo Peter C. J. ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: June 2024

This study is the first in the Priest As Teacher series, which applies instructional communication research to the church. To that end, this first study examined Catholic parishioners’ perceptions of their priests’ credibility to see how it related to perceived nonverbal immediacy and socio-communicative orientation (e.g., assertiveness and responsiveness). Perceptions of priests’ credibility were directly related to perceived immediacy, priests’ responsiveness and, to a lesser extent, assertiveness. Parishioners’ perceptions of credibility were key in understanding their own reports of nonverbal responsiveness during mass. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.
Inoculating for Small Pox Inoculation Objections in Reverend Cooper’s Letter to a Friend in the Country
Authors: Compton Josh , Kaylor Brian ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: June 2024

The early 18th century rhetoric of Boston minister William Cooper reflects inoculation theory’s two principle components—(1) threat and (2) refutational preemption—in Cooper’s pamphlet, A Reply to the Objections Made Against Taking the Small Pox in the Way of Inoculation from Principles of Conscience, Letter to a Friend in the Country. Faced with religious opposition to medical inoculation, Cooper attempted to use attitudinal inoculation and religious arguments against such anti-medical inoculation rhetoric. We turn to a social scientific model to frame a rhetorical analysis of Cooper’s unique strategies, and the essay concludes with an exploration of contemporary health communication attempts to assuage fears of biological inoculations, with identified similarities with Cooper’s rhetoric. Additionally, we consider implications of Cooper’s arguments composed of intertwined science and scripture.
MILLETS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY
Authors: Bhutada Pritam O. , Jawale L.N. , Patil Minakshi
Published: June 2024

Millets are heritage crop among others; in India farmers are growing as it is traditional crop from long back. Millets were consumed widely in India before the Indian Bronze Age 4,500 BC, as indicated by the designation of foxtail millet (priyangava), Barnyard millet (aanava), and black finger millet (shyaamaka) in some of the oldest Yajurveda written work. For years of age, millets have served as an essential diet, particularly in rural India. Millets were typically planted as rain-fed crops since they adapted well to the arid Deccan Plateau region of southern India. From green revolution world are considering wheat and rice only are staple food for the people and millets get ignored. This leads to create loss of water, excess use of fertilizer and detoriation of soil health and ultimate damage environment and human health. This issue again turns to concentrate on millets production and consumption.
EXTRACTION, ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF PURE COMPOUNDS 3-METHYL-HENEICOSANE FROM MESOSPHAERUM SUAVEOLENS (LANCHAK) OF LAMIACEAE FAMILY
Authors: Chanu Khomdram Utarani , Wangkheimayum Marjit Singh Dr.
Published: June 2024

A naturally occurring hydrocarbon 3-methyl-Heinecosane was isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the dry plant Mesosphaerum suaveolens (Lanchak) and was characterised by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and GC-Mass spectroscopy. The fragmentation ions with their m/z of compound 1, 3-methyl-Heineicosane were studied and all of the relative abundance found in the GC-MS spectra is in agreement.
COST EFFECTIVE SOLAR ENERGY GENERATION AND ITS VARIOUS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Nanda Lipika , Kabisatpathy Sourav , Mishra Sruti , Mohanty Bidhu Bhusan
Published: June 2024

The most important energy source is Solar energy, which is gaining popularity on a global scale. Over 940 Gigawatt of Solar PV have been installed as of 2021. The existence of reliable energy supply networks is one of the fundamental requirements for socioeconomic development in any country on Earth. Numerous African nations, such as South Africa, Egypt, and Algeria, have witnessed a remarkable surge in solar electricity availability. This significant development has had a profound impact on reducing the number of people worldwide who lack access to energy. The annual growth of solar energy continues to be robust, with Asia leading the way with a staggering capacity of 486 GW by the end of 2021. In contrast, Central America has approximately 1.8 GW of installed capacity, and the Caribbean lags behind with the lowest capacity of 694 MW. With the rising demand for uninterrupted power supply in various regions, forward-thinking developers are increasingly embracing solar Photovoltaic’s (PV) renewable energy as an attractive option for their customers. This report examines the global status of solar energy capacity and makes important recommendations for improving its usability, affordability, and dependability as well as a critical approach that future governments may adopt.
CLASSIFICATION OF MULTIPLE AND MULTISTAGE POWER QUALITY DISTURBANCES USING S-TRANSFORM AND FEED FORWARD NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: S Kankale Ravishankar , Paraskar Dr. Sudhir R. , S. Jadhao Dr. Saurabh
Published: June 2024

The reliable and uninterrupted supply of electrical power is fundamental to modern society's functioning. However, Power Quality Disturbances (PQDs), encompassing a diverse range of transient events such as voltage sags, swells, harmonics, and interruptions, can compromise the stability and effectiveness of power systems. Detecting and accurately classifying these disturbances, particularly those involving multiple and multistage events, is pivotal for mitigating their adverse effects. In response to this challenge, this research paper presents an in-depth investigation into the use of the S-Transform, a time-frequency analysis technique, for the detection and classification of multiple and multistage PQ disturbances. We propose a comprehensive methodology that integrates the S-Transform with advanced classification techniques, including Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN). The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through the PQ disturbance datasets. The results showcase the S-Transform's aptitude in revealing fine-grained time-frequency structures inherent in multistage disturbances. Furthermore, the integration of advanced classification techniques yields robust and accurate identification of disturbance types, ensuring timely and appropriate responses to mitigate their impact.
AUTOMATIC WATER TAP
Authors: Khulal Nibesh , Ranganayakulu Dr. S.V.
Published: June 2024

Automatic water tap is a sensor-based water tap which controls the impulsive flow of water. This paper presents the development of an Automatic water tap based on an industrial grade adjustable infrared sensor. A typical Automatic water tap can switch the device on and off continuously and mitigate the usage of water from wastage. The industrial grade adjustable sensor is used which can sense transparent or opaque with maximum sensitivity of about 80 cm. Active infrared sensor emits and receives infrared radiation, which detects the presence of objects nearby and bounces back to the receiver of the device. The high or low signal generated by the IC is used to control the water flow by switching the solenoid valve and vice versa. The overall design and unique feature an automatic water tap makes the product user-friendly. It is comfort and easy to plug in a regular water pipe socket for standard hand-washing. The extensively tested of device results to achieve the high levels of reliability. By considering the hygienic to avoid cross contamination, automatic water taps make significant on saving water.
SLAK: A NEW DATASET FOR SANTHALI HAND-WRITTEN DIGITS AND ITS CLASSIFICATION USING ALEXNET DEEP TRANSFER LEARNING
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Kishore Kamlesh , Kumar Manish , Kachhap Ankita , Chandra Mahesh
Published: June 2024

This study explores the use of deep transfer learning with the AlexNet model to recognize hand-drawn digits in the Santhali language. Santhali Language dataset by Arvind and Kamlesh (SLAK Dataset) of 10,000 Santhali digit images was collected and pre-processed for training and testing the model. The AlexNet model was fine-tuned on the Santhali digit dataset. Different experiments were conducted to study the variation of classification accuracy for different hyper-parameters of the pre-trained architecture achieving the best classification accuracy of 99.60% on the test set. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of transfer learning for recognizing handwritten digits in a low-resource language like Santhali. The trained model can be used for various applications, such as optical character recognition systems for digitizing handwritten documents in the Santhali language.
IOT BASED MONITORNG ROBOT CAR SYSTEM
Authors: Maurya Nirnkar , Singh Beer
Published: June 2024

The IoT -based Monitoring Robot Car System presented in this paper harnesses the capabilities of ESP8266 and ESP32 microcontrollers to create an intelligent, versatile and cost-effective robot car for surveillance and monitoring applications. By integrating IoT technologies with the power of these microcontrollers, the system enables remote monitoring and control, data acquisition and real-time alerts. The ESP8266 serves as the main communication module, facilitating wireless connectivity and data transmission between the robot car and a central monitoring station. Meanwhile, the ESP32 cam module is a camera module which is used for live monitoring of any areas. The system’s design prioritizes ease of use and adaptability, employing a user-friendly web-based interface to control the robot car. The central monitoring station can be accessed remotely through a mobile application, providing operators with real-time video streaming. The main objective of it to design an automatic system (car) which navigates via Blynk app through mobile phones or laptop.
SMART HELMET USING PICMICRO CONTROLLER
Authors: Sivanandan N Dr.
Published: June 2024

One way in which bike riding safety has improved is through the usage of "smart helmets," which are a form of protective headgear worn by the rider. This helmet's primary function is to protect the rider from harm. Use of advanced features such as alcohol detection, accident identification, hands-free operation, and fall detection can help bring this about. This paper introduces the intelligent helmet, which prevents the rider from beginning the journey unless they are wearing it. Without this helmet, the bike wouldn't be able to attain the appropriate speed, thanks to a simple cable replacement for wirelessly controlling the bike's speed. A breath alcohol sensor checks the rider's BAC whenever the engine is turned on and, if it's too high, the bike slows down. GSM is utilised to increase vehicular safety. A microcontroller board is coupled to vibration sensors embedded in the helmet at strategic locations where the wearer is most likely to take a hit. These sensors detect the impact of the rider's helmet hitting the ground and send that information to the microcontroller board, which in turn controls the bike's functions. Once the data reaches the maximum stress limit, the GSM module will immediately send a message to either an ambulance or a loved one.
AUGMENTED AND VIRTUAL REALITY IN IOT
Authors: Chaudhary Ankur , Mattoo Aditee
Published: June 2024

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) have emerged as transformative technologies with immense potential in various domains. With the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, there is growing interest in integrating AR and VR with IoT to create more immersive and interactive experiences. This abstract explores the concept of augmented and virtual reality in the Internet of Things, highlighting potential applications, benefits and challenges associated with this integration. It explores the synergistic relationship between AR/VR and IoT, showing how these technologies can enhance user experiences, enable smart systems, and revolutionize industries such as healthcare, manufacturing, gaming, and education. The abstract also highlights key considerations and future directions for research and development in this rapidly growing field.
LDR AND IR BASED AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT CONTROLLER
Authors: Madireddy Mrs. Vineela , Leela Amrutha Divya Sai , Sai Sanjay Guntupalli
Published: June 2024

Electricity cannot be continuously provided to consumers since power production is currently lower than the utility of electric energy. Instead of producing more energy, it might be wiser to conserve electrical energy. Saving energy is more cost-effective than creating electricity. to install an automatic street light controller based on LDR and IR that can be used to prevent manually turning on and off streetlights and to effectively conserve energy. This study suggests switches that automatically turn on and off. a switch mechanism. An LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is employed where there is an IR (Infrared Radiation) to detect vehicle movement. An Arduino Uno microcontroller is needed to operate the entire process and detect the presence and absence of light. By using this technique, electricity consumption is decreased. The Arduino IDE software is used in this study. The suggested approach is efficient and requires no human intervention.
WIRELESS SENSOR INTERFACED HEALTH MONITORING IOT ROBOT SYSTEM
Authors: Har Beagam K. Sarmila , Lekashri S. , V Bharanigha , Dhananjeyan S.
Published: June 2024

Health monitoring is crucial for mitigation, particularly as early sickness identification can reduce suffering and medical expenses. The IoT is a network of interconnected, physical items that can be accessed online. The utilization of IOT devices in several application domains improves the daily lives of consumers. These tools are used to gather data such as blood pressure, sugar level, temperature, and others that are used to assess the patient's overall health. Patients have the comfortable feeling that their doctor is continuously watching over them as a result. Robots are machines that are controlled by software and move about to observe their surroundings using sensors and other technology. This research suggests a robotic system for patient monitoring and assistance. It has become common practice to track and document several medical indicators of patients outside of hospitals. The goal of the research is to develop a system that allows doctors to monitor a patient's body at all times via internet connection. The objective of this system is to use sensors to measure a biological parameter in the patient's body and transfer the results to an IOT cloud platform through a WiFi module. Clinicians are going to able to monitor their patients' well-being on their cellphones because all health-related data will be stored in the cloud. The Arduino Controller is used to carry out this project.
AN IOT UTILITY MODULE PLACEMENT METHOD FOR CLOUD-FOG COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Jaffer Vali Dr. Shaik
Published: June 2024

As of late, the thought of dispensed computing has been stretched out toward the organization edge. Gadgets shut to the employer edge, known as haze hubs, provide figuring capacities with low inertness to neighborhood give up gadgets. In the subsequent haze figuring worldview (moreover called side processing), Utility components can be conveyed to a disseminated foundation, involving each cloud server farms and haze hubs. The preference which foundation hubs ought to have which utility components has an widespread effect on widespread framework boundaries like execution and electricity utilization. A few calculations have been proposed to music down a first-rate function of utilizations on a haze framework. As a rule, the proposed calculations have been assessed tentatively by the separate creators. Without a hypothetical investigation, an intensive and deliberate observational evaluation is of key importance for having the alternative to make sound decisions about the reasonableness of the calculations. Main factor of the research paper is to review the software association calculations for haze registering are assessed in the writing.
CARBON NANOTUBE BIO-CONJUGATE: APPLICATIONS
Authors: Mhaske Sanjay D. , Yadav Pramod K , Borade Nandkumar
Published: June 2024

A novel family of nanowires is carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which exhibit metallic or semi conductive characteristics depending on the folding modes of the nanotube walls. Diverse approaches to separate conductive and semi conductive CNTs have been created, and synthetic methods to chemically alter the side walls or tube ends with molecular or bimolecular components have been documented. Customizing hybrid systems made of CNTs and biomolecules (proteins, DNA and other biomolecule) has grown quickly and received a lot of research attention. The utilization of hybrid systems as active field-effect transistors or biosensor devices (enzyme electrodes, immunosensors, or DNA sensors) is made possible by the immobilization of biomaterials with CNTs. Moreover, the combination of CNTs with biomolecules has made it possible to create intricate nanostructures and Nano circuit with regulated characteristics and functions. This chapter focuses on application of CNT Bio-conjugate in different field.
PIEZOELECTRIC-DRIVEN GRAPHENE-BASED SELF-CHARGEABLE SUPERCAPACITOR FOR WEARABLE DEVICES
Authors: Sarkar Abhijeet , Saha Ashmita , Soumik Podder Dr.
Published: June 2024

Piezoelectric generators can produce electrical energy from mechanical energy. Any random mechanical stress or pressure put on a piezoelectric device leads to the generation of a potential difference. This kind of electrical energy can help in powering small low-powered devices like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, small sized sensors in Internet of Things devices, wearable devices etc. Traditionally, devices such as these and other handheld and personal devices are powered by Lithium-ion cells. These kind of heavy Li-ion batteries are expensive to manufacture, have negative environmental consequences, have long charging times and self-discharge over time.Supercapacitors are a promising next-generation energy storage device, which have very high power density, fast charge and discharge rates and long lifespan. Supercapacitors have a long lifespan of 1 million charge cycles compared to Li-ion batteries which have a lifecycle of 500-1000 charge cycles only. Hence, supercapacitors have become a promising power storage solution which can be used in next-gen low powered wearable devices. Wearable devices have received a lot of attention in recent days due to its flexibility, portability, ease of use and usage in medical monitoring devices. So, combining piezoelectric generators and supercapacitors, we can make an efficient and reliable power source for low power devices.
SYNTHETIC ACCESS TO 2-PYRIDONE SCAFFOLDS
Authors: Das Debapratim , Pratim Das Partha
Published: June 2024

In last few decades synthetic organic chemists shows immense interest on the synthesis and functionalization of the 2-pyridone moiety, which is found in many natural compounds. 2-pyridone-containing compounds have shown anticancer and antiviral action. 2-pyridone derivatives are also important building blocks in both the pharmaceutical and material sciences industries. Although several techniques for synthesis of 2-pyridones are known, new methods for more efficient synthesis of 2-pyridones are being developed. Several methods involving Lewis acids or Bronsted acids as catalysts have been developed in recent decades, and annulation of pyridine derivatives with electrophiles has emerged as a valuable strategy to access a diverse array of 2-pyridone derivatives enabling the incorporation of diverse functional groups and stereochemistry. Furthermore, transition metal-catalysed reactions, including C-H activation and cross-coupling activities, have been used to synthesise 2-pyridone scaffolds. These transitions enable late-stage diversification of existing compounds, simplifying synthesis and allowing the production of complex 2-pyridone derivatives. Overall, the development of efficient and diverse synthetic techniques has facilitated quick access to 2-pyridone scaffolds, allowing for their inclusion into drug discovery efforts and usefulness in a variety of organic synthesis applications. Continued progress in this sector bodes well for the identification of new bioactive chemicals and the extension of chemical space.
MULTIFARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Mandal Shyamal , Acharya Tania , Binong Juwesh
Published: June 2024

Nano science and nanotechnology have become one of the trends of present day cutting edge research. One of the reasons for nanomaterial’s to behave differently from their bulk counterparts is their high surface to volume ratio. It is seen that extremely noble materials like gold, become highly active at very low dimensions as the total surface energy becomes high as the size become very small. Gold nanoparticles synthesized through the citrate reduction method are well known for the simple synthesis procedure and solution stability but presence of citrate ions reduces viability and impaired proliferation of human alveolar cell. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) is used both as a reducing as well as a stabilizing agent. It is postulated that the tyrosine residues at higher pH reduced the protein whereas cysteine residues works as stabilizer by formation of thiol linkages. The major functional group tyrosine and cysteine are present in chymotrypsin and egg albumin which may enable them to work as a stabilizer. Gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) thus synthesised were characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to confirm their size, shape and composition. These gold nano particles have versatile applications as biomarker and cancer therapy.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Chandra Mohan Kurmarayuni Dr. , Krishna Kumari P. , Giri Prasad Gorumutchu Dr. , Venkateswara Rao Dr. J.
Published: June 2024

For a healthy imminent of nanotechnology, a green synthetic strategy should be assumed for nanoparticle synthesis by using eco-friendly and renewable molecules to get purge of hazards arising out of the use of chemical reducing agents and organic solvents. Colloid based nanotechnological process has been developed to control the size, shape, consistency, and functionality.
COMPLEXES OF SCHIFF BASESWITH PENDANT AZAOXA-CROWN ETHER; SYNTHESIS AND SOME NOTEWORTHY RESULTS
Authors: Pratim Das Partha
Published: June 2024

Considering the importance and extensive applications in numerous domains, fascination with the preparation of Schiff Bases having pendant azaoxa-Crown ether as well as related compounds has surged in recent times. Aza-oxa crown ether macrocycles have exciting potential to create supramolecular assemblies that are suitable for carrying out highly specific atomic functions.To change the ion binding potential, sensitivity, and specificity of the original aza-oxa crown ethers, ligands with an additional donor atom in the side chain were synthesized in a systematic manner by researchers around the globe. There are numerous applications for Schiff bases with attached azaoxa-crown ethers in catalytic processes. Coordination chemists are intrigued by Aza-oxa crown ethers having pendant Schiff bases because they behave as an ambis-dentate chelating framework. Through the Schiff base component, it can coordinate with transition metal ions of intermediary hardness (Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ etc.), but the crown ether part complexes with alkali/ alkaline earth metal ions (Li+, K+, Na+, Ba2+ etc.). Preparation of these modified crown ethers and their metal complexation primarily with transition metals, were thoroughly discussed in this chapter, with a focus upon their catalytic capabilities. Three key catalytic characteristics were addressed. These types of compounds nearly always have higher catalytic activity than the comparable regular Schiff base compounds, thus emphasizes their significance.
OPTIMIZATION:A DISCUSSION FOR CHEMIST TO USE THE TOOL AS PROBLEM SOLVER
Authors: Talukder Srijeeta
Published: June 2024

A problem might be cast as one of optimization problem and then it can be solved by using a suitable optimization algorithm. The strategy is not very familiar to chemists, however is now becoming popular among chemists of different genre. In this chapter a discussion has been made on optimization that could be used by chemist. After a brief introduction a general outlook on optimization has been drawn. The subsequent section contains a review on different optimization algorithms. Both deterministic optimization algorithms have been discussed. Afterwards some scope of using optimization, especially stochastic optimization algorithms have been pointed out with the expectations that readers may find many more probable sectors for using these algorithms.
KEKULENE: THE SUPER BENZENE
Authors: Das Debapratim , Pratim Das Partha
Published: June 2024

Since Kekulé's proposal of the cyclic structure of benzene, aromaticity—a basic notion in organic chemistry has been of particular interest to chemists as a way to explain the stability of cyclic conjugated π-electron systems. A particular aromatic stabilizing mechanism, the -conjugation in two concentric macrocyclic conjugation routes labelled as [18]-annulene and [30]-annulene, has been suggested for kekulene (C48H24), a prototype cycloarene. There has been much discussion about this alleged "super-aromaticity" for many years. According to a different model, kekulene has six disjoint aromatic sextets, which satisfies Clar's rule that benzoid compounds should have as many disjunct aromatic benzene rings as possible and as few double bonds as possible. Since its discovery, different groups demonstrated different routes to synthesize this highly conjugated system. Though it has long extended conjugation, still a big debate is there for last few decades about its aromatic nature. In this book chapter, electronic nature, aromaticity and different synthetic techniques of kekulene will be discussed.
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Prakash Chiluvuri Bhanu , Preeti Singh Dr. , Sondhiya Dr. D.K.
Published: June 2024

Effective communication is essential between patients and health workers for better understanding health issues, their diagnosis and cure. In many areas of disease prevention and control healthy communication between the stakeholder proof to be very helpful. Therefore strong communication skills are essential for health workers to provide excellent patient care. To achieve these goal Inter Professional education (IPE) will be introduce among themedical students. Health professional Education underwent substantial transformation before, during, and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Inter Professional education (IPE) specialists have encouraged the use of theory in curriculum design to provide better outcomes with measurable consequences. This chapter is made up of a variety of components to help enable and encourage communication and to make it clearer and easier to comprehend for all stakeholder. It provides instructions for implementing interprofessional education (IPE) in the pharmacy and health sciences industry.
NANOPARTICLES IN PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sangeetha C. , Nivedha M. , M Siva , Saravanakumari K.
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field in agriculture, offering potential solutions for combating plant diseases effectively and sustainably. Plant pathogens pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity, leading to substantial crop losses globally. Farmers heavily rely on pesticides like insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides, which provide availability, quick action, and reliability. These pesticides also harm for non-target organisms, soil health and developing resistance. Moreover, around 90% of applied pesticides are lost during or after the use, highlighting the need for environmental friendly, effective, and cost-efficient alternatives. In this context, nanoscience with its unique properties and versatility shows promise in addressing these challenges and revolutionizing disease management in agriculture. By leveraging nanoparticles, researchers aim to develop innovative approaches for plant disease control that minimize environmental impact, enhance efficacy, and improve sustainability.
AGE IS JUST A NUMBER IN THE INDIAN POLITICS: A REVIEW WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PRIME MINISTERS AND THE CHIEF MINISTERS OF THE STATE ASSEMBLIES
Authors: Neeru Sewa Dr.
Published: June 2024

Since from the country’s independence till date, ages of the Prime Ministers of India at the time of holding charges of the office ranged from minimum of 40 years to maximum of 81 years thereby making an average of 65 years. While ages of the Chief Ministers of the current State Assemblies ranges between 44 to 79 years thereby making an average of 62 years. As against retirement age fixed between 60 to 65 years for the government servant, the ages of majority of the Prime Ministers of India and the current Chief Ministers of the State Assemblies during the period of term at the office were/are found on the higher sides. This scenario transpires that maximum age limit does not stand as a barrier for the political career in India. Alternatively, age becomes just a number for the people’s representatives of India for the prime executive positions in running the governments.
POSITIVE PORTRAYAL OF THE LGBTQ+ COMMUNITY IN BOLLYWOOD
Authors: Devanshi Kumari Ms.
Published: June 2024

Hindi cinema, or Bollywood, is growing at a tremendous rate. In recent years it has gained an audience from all over the world. With rapid growth, Bollywood has started including non-conventional topics such as the portrayal of the LGBTQ+ community in its movies. The recent films aim to explore the challenges faced by the queer community, such as lack of acceptance from family, societal stereotypes, and lack of empathy. This chapter seeks to understand the driving force behind this positive change. This research examines the influence of this positive approach on Indian society.
AN OVERVIEW ON WASTE DISPOSAL MODELS
Authors: Sneha Latha Ch. , Vijaya Lakshmi Dr. V.
Published: June 2024

This abstract presents a comprehensive overview on waste disposal models in India, addressing various types of waste, their decomposition rates, health implications of waste generation, and the imperative need for effective waste management strategies. It examines the relationship between urban home gardening and waste management, exploring models available for managing kitchen waste at the household level. Additionally, it delves into specific cities in India implementing household waste disposal programs and the emerging trend of bio decomposer starter cultures for kitchen waste. Furthermore, the abstract sheds light on agricultural and industrial waste disposal models in India and discusses existing community-based waste disposal models, emphasizing the principles and benefits associated with them. It highlights the emerging Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) model and Zero Waste model, identifying cities in India implementing these approaches. Moreover, it examines the integration of waste management models in India, detailing cities adopting an integrated approach and following the Waste Hierarchy Model for effective waste management. Finally, it emphasizes the principles and benefits of community-based waste disposal models, offering a comprehensive view of waste management strategies and implementations in India.
CELL FUSION: UNITING CELLS FOR A WORLD OF POSSIBILITIES
Authors: Dhagat Dr. Monika
Published: June 2024

Cell fusion is a captivating biological process that involves the merging of two or more cells to form a single hybrid cell. This phenomenon occurs naturally in various organisms, including plants, animals, and even humans. Cell fusion plays a crucial role in development, tissue repair, and reproduction. This fusion can occur between the similar type of cells (homotypic fusion) or between cells of different types (heterotypic fusion). In the context of skeletal muscle and bone, cell fusion is also connected to tissue regeneration and repair. Multinucleated muscle fibers are created when skeletal muscle cells, or myoblasts, unite to form components that contribute to the general composition and functionality of muscles. Precursor cell fusion also forms osteoclasts, which are cells involved in bone remodeling. To fully comprehend cell fusions varied biological functions, one must grasp the molecular mechanisms that underlie it. Cell fusion events are frequently regulated by cell surface proteins, fusogenic proteins, and different signaling pathways. Beyond adding to our understanding of basic biology, studying these processes may have consequences for therapeutic approaches like tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY –A PROPITIOUS GENESIS IN CANCER INDAGATION
Authors: Jaiswal Sakshi , Khan Bazeela
Published: June 2024

One of the most important developments in oncology in recent years is cancer immunotherapy. After decades of unsatisfactory results, immunotherapy has finally turned the tide and is now a clinically proven treatment for many malignancies. Various Immune therapies denote astonishing favorable outcomes over the decades and have been acquiesce for the treatment of various cancer therapies.While the recent development of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has drastically altered the approach to treating various cancers due to the significant survival advantages. However patient reactions towards immunotherapies are varying and around 50% of cases are obstinate to these agents. Additionally, immunotherapy develops become a busy area of study in both the oncology and cancer biology fields. This article makes conceptual and historical review which summarizes the main advances in our understanding of the role of the immune system in cancer immunotherapy and emerging data for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer, gastric cancer, hepatobiliary cancer, while describing the methodological details that have been successfully implemented in cancer treatments and that may hold the key to improve therapeutic approaches .Furthermore the current development in nanotechnology based cancer immunotherapy have been presented and discussed.
RECENT ADVANCES IN TISSUE ENGINEERING APPROACHES FORARTICULAR CARTILAGE REGENERATION
Authors: Shelat Ruchita
Published: June 2024

Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue present in different parts of the human body as well as also found in animals, too. Some of the major functions of cartilage include the ability to withstand compressive forces, improve bone resistance, and provide flexibility and support for easy gliding of joints and bones. Despite these important functions, it is one of those critical tissues that is devoid of blood vessels, nerve endings, and the lymphatic system. This results in poor healing of the cartilage, if damaged. The total incidence rate of cartilage defects is higher in older people and young athletes. The current treatment modalities focus on the use of medications and a few restorative therapies that are invasive and do not restore the cartilage structure completely leading to pain and osteoarthritis if left untreated. Tissue engineering strategies look promising due to the use of living cells, growth factors, and/or bioactive agents or scaffolds to replace damaged or diseased tissue. This book chapter emphasizes the current and latest developments in tissue engineering techniques involving surgical interventions, the use of stem cells, growth factors, bioactive agents, and 3D bioprinting used for cartilage restoration, regeneration, and repair.