bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of toxic trolling comments on anti-vaccine YouTube videos
Authors: Miyazaki Kunihiro , Uchiba Takayuki , Kwak Haewoon , An Jisun , Sasahara Kazutoshi
Published: March 2024

Anti-vaccine trolling on video-hosting websites hinders efforts to increase vaccination rates by using toxic language and threatening claims to intimidate people and promote vaccine hesitancy. However, there is a shortage of research investigating the effects of toxic messages on these platforms. This study focused on YouTube anti-vaccine videos and examined the relationship between toxicity and fear in the comment section of these videos. We discovered that highly liked toxic comments were associated with a significant level of fear in subsequent comments. Moreover, we found complex patterns of contagion between toxicity and fear in the comments. These findings suggest that initial troll comments can evoke negative emotions in viewers, potentially fueling vaccine hesitancy. Our research bears essential implications for managing public health messaging and online communities, particularly in moderating fear-mongering messages about vaccines on social media.
A tissue-silicone integrated simulator for right ventricular pulsatile circulation with severe functional tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Takada Jumpei , Morimura Hayato , Hamada Kohei , Okamoto Yusei , Mineta Shiho , Tsuboko Yusuke , Hattori Kaoru , Iwasaki Kiyotaka
Published: March 2024

There is a great demand for development of a functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) model for accelerating development and preclinical study of tricuspid interventional repair devices. This study aimed to develop a severe FTR model by creating a tissue-silicone integrated right ventricular pulsatile circulatory simulator. The simulator incorporates the porcine tricuspid annulus, valve leaflets, chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and right ventricular wall as one continuous piece of tissue, thereby preserving essential anatomical relationships of the tricuspid valve (TV) complex. We dilated the TV annulus with collagenolytic enzymes under applying stepwise dilation, and successfully achieved a severe FTR model with a regurgitant volume of 45 ± 9 mL/beat and a flow jet area of 15.8 ± 2.3 cm2 (n = 6). Compared to a normal model, the severe FTR model exhibited a larger annular circumference (133.1 ± 8.2 mm vs. 115.7 ± 5.5 mm; p = 0.009) and lower coaptation height (6.6 ± 1.0 mm vs. 17.7 ± 1.3 mm; p = 0.003). Following the De-Vega annular augmentation procedure to the severe FTR model, a significant reduction in regurgitant volume and flow jet area were observed. This severe FTR model may open new avenues for the development and evaluation of transcatheter TV devices.
Enhancement of sense of ownership using virtual and haptic feedback
Authors: Altukhaim Samirah , George Daniel , Nagaratnam Kiruba , Kondo Toshiyuki , Hayashi Yoshikatsu
Published: March 2024

Accomplishing motor function requires multimodal information, such as visual and haptic feedback, which induces a sense of ownership (SoO) over one’s own body part. In this study, we developed a visual–haptic human machine interface that combines three different types of feedback (visual, haptic, and kinesthetic) in the context of passive hand-grasping motion and aimed to generate SoO over a virtual hand. We tested two conditions, both conditions the three set of feedback were synchronous, the first condition was in-phase, and the second condition was in antiphase. In both conditions, we utilized passive visual feedback (pre-recorded video of a real hand displayed), haptic feedback (balloon inflated and deflated), and kinesthetic feedback (finger movement following the balloon curvature). To quantify the SoO, the participants’ reaction time was measured in response to a sense of threat. We found that most participants had a shorter reaction time under anti-phase condition, indicating that synchronous anti-phase of the multimodal system was better than in-phase condition for inducing a SoO of the virtual hand. We conclude that stronger haptic feedback has a key role in the SoO in accordance with visual information. Because the virtual hand is closing and the high pressure from the balloon against the hand creates the sensation of grasping and closing the hand, it appeared as though the person was closing his/her hand at the perceptual level.
Elevated external temperature affects cell ultrastructure and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in Paramacrobiotus experimentalis Kaczmarek, Mioduchowska, Poprawa, & Roszkowska, 2020
Authors: Kayastha Pushpalata , Wieczorkiewicz Filip , Pujol Myriam , Robinson Alison , Michalak Marek , Kaczmarek Łukasz , Poprawa Izabela
Published: March 2024

Increasing temperature influences the habitats of various organisms, including microscopic invertebrates. To gain insight into temperature-dependent changes in tardigrades, we isolated storage cells exposed to various temperatures and conducted biochemical and ultrastructural analysis in active and tun-state Paramacrobiotus experimentalis Kaczmarek, Mioduchowska, Poprawa, & Roszkowska, 2020. The abundance of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ultrastructure of the storage cells were examined at different temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C, and 42 °C) in storage cells isolated from active specimens of Pam. experimentalis. In the active animals, upon increase in external temperature, we observed an increase in the levels of HSPs (HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70). Furthermore, the number of ultrastructural changes in storage cells increased with increasing temperature. Cellular organelles, such as mitochondria and the rough endoplasmic reticulum, gradually degenerated. At 42 °C, cell death occurred by necrosis. Apart from the higher electron density of the karyoplasm and the accumulation of electron-dense material in some mitochondria (at 42 °C), almost no changes were observed in the ultrastructure of tun storage cells exposed to different temperatures. We concluded that desiccated (tun-state) are resistant to high temperatures, but not active tardigrades (survival rates of tuns after 24 h of rehydration: 93.3% at 20 °C, 60.0% at 35 °C, 33.3% at 37 °C, 33.3% at 40 °C, and 20.0% at 42 °C).
Fast reconstruction of EEG signal compression sensing based on deep learning
Authors: Du XiuLi , Liang KuanYang , Lv YaNa , Qiu ShaoMing
Published: March 2024

When traditional EEG signals are collected based on the Nyquist theorem, long-time recordings of EEG signals will produce a large amount of data. At the same time, limited bandwidth, end-to-end delay, and memory space will bring great pressure on the effective transmission of data. The birth of compressed sensing alleviates this transmission pressure. However, using an iterative compressed sensing reconstruction algorithm for EEG signal reconstruction faces complex calculation problems and slow data processing speed, limiting the application of compressed sensing in EEG signal rapid monitoring systems. As such, this paper presents a non-iterative and fast algorithm for reconstructing EEG signals using compressed sensing and deep learning techniques. This algorithm uses the improved residual network model, extracts the feature information of the EEG signal by one-dimensional dilated convolution, directly learns the nonlinear mapping relationship between the measured value and the original signal, and can quickly and accurately reconstruct the EEG signal. The method proposed in this paper has been verified by simulation on the open BCI contest dataset. Overall, it is proved that the proposed method has higher reconstruction accuracy and faster reconstruction speed than the traditional CS reconstruction algorithm and the existing deep learning reconstruction algorithm. In addition, it can realize the rapid reconstruction of EEG signals.
Sources of hydrocarbons and their risk assessment in seawater and sediment samples collected from the Nile Delta coast of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Hassaan Mohamed A. , Ragab Safaa , Sikaily Amany El , Nemr Ahmed El
Published: March 2024

The aim of this work is to examine the levels, distribution, bases, and hazards of n-alkanes (n-C9 to n-C20) and PAHs in the seawater and sediments around oil production locations in the whole delta region. The variations in the levels of PAHs and n-alkanes in seawater and sediment of the Nile delta coast of the Mediterranean were investigated using GC–MS/MS. The Σn-alkanes residues ranged between 12.05 and 93.51 mg/L (mean: 50.45 ± 17.49 mg/L) and 4.70 to 84.03 µg/g (mean: 31.02 ± 27.995 µg/g) in seawater and sediments, respectively. Total PAHs concentrations ranged between 4.485 and 16.337 μg/L (average: 9.47 ± 3.69 μg/L) and 1.32 to 28.38 ng/g (average 8.61 ± 7.57 ng/g) in seawater and sediment samples, respectively. The CPI (carbon preference index) values fluctuated between 0.62 and 1.72 (seawater) and from 0.234 to 2.175 (sediment), proposing the variation sources of n-alkane in the studied area. PAHs concentrations were lower than the Effective Range Low (ERL) and Effective Range Median (ERM) levels. The Toxic Equivalent Quotient (TEQ) values oscillated between 0.002 and 6.84 ng/L and from 3.72 to 13.48 ng/g for the seawater and sediment samples, respectively. The Ant/(Ant + Phe) ratio in sediment and seawater samples indicated a pyrolytic source while the BaA/(BaA + Chry) ratio indicates petrogenic sources in most of the studied stations.
Optimization of magnetic coupling mechanism of dynamic wireless power transfer based on NSGA-II algorithm
Authors: Tang Weihang , Jing Long , Cao Wanyu , Xu Wenzheng , Wu Xuezhi , Liao Hongbin
Published: March 2024

Optimization of magnetic coupling mechanism is an important way to improve the performance of a dynamic wireless power transfer system. Inspired by the common radial magnetic core for circular coils, a new radial magnetic core for rectangular coils is adopt. Through simulation and experimental results comparison, which has higher coupling coefficient with the same core area. Combined with the magnetic circuit analysis, the magnetic flux leakage and conduction regions are divided into magnetic fluxes with different shapes, which magnetic resistances are calculated respectively. Based on the simulation results, parameter distributions of fluxes under different conditions are obtained. Therefore, the expressions of the coupling coefficient k of the adopt magnetic cores and coils and the design parameters of coils and cores are obtained. Taking the maximum k and the minimum rate of change of coupling coefficient with 100 mm displacement as the optimization objectives, a multi-objective optimization solution is carried out by using NSGA-II algorithm. The coil optimization scheme is obtained and verified by experiments. k and Δk are 0.442 and 6.8% respectively, and the errors are less than 5%. In the optimization process, there is no simulation model constructed. The optimization modeling combined of magnetic field segmentation method and parameter fitting has lower complexity and calculation time of optimization.
Vibrational analysis of double-walled silicon carbide nano-cones: a finite element investigation
Authors: Nickabadi S. , Ansari R. , Golmohammadi B. , Aghdasi P.
Published: March 2024

A three-dimensional finite element model is used to investigate the vibrational properties of double-walled silicon carbide nano-cones with various dimensions. The dependence of the vibrational properties of double-walled silicon carbide nano-cones on their length, apex angles and boundary conditions are evaluated. Current model consists a combination of beam and spring elements that simulates the interatomic interactions of bonding and nonbonding. The Lennard–Jones potential is employed to model the interactions between two non-bonding atoms. The fundamental frequency and mode shape of the double-walled silicon carbide nano-cones are calculated.
Sensitivity of lateral flow technique for diagnosis of canine parvovirus
Authors: Abousenna M. S. , Sayed R. H. , E. Shaimaa A. , Shasha F. A. , El Sawy Sara E.A , Darwish D. M.
Published: March 2024

In this study, we devised a nanogold lateral flow immunoassay (LFA-CPV antigen test) for detecting canine parvovirus (CPV) in living attenuated CPV vaccines. We conducted instrumental characterization of the prepared nanogold particles and the developed LFA-CPV antigen test was rigorously evaluated for its performance verification including limit of detection, sensitivity, specificity, selectivity and accuracy. The LFA-CPV antigen test demonstrated strong performance when assessed against qPCR using different batches of live attenuated CPV vaccines, indicated a sensitivity of 96.4%, specificity of 88.2%, and an overall accuracy of 95%. These results suggest that the developed LFA-CPV antigen test could serve as a viable alternative for evaluation live attenuated CPV vaccines, and provide it as a point of care test for CPV diagnosis, offering a potential substitute for traditional laboratory methods, particularly qPCR.
Pinpointing gravitational waves via astrometric gravitational wave antennas
Authors: Crosta Mariateresa , Lattanzi Mario Gilberto , Le Poncin-Lafitte Christophe , Gai Mario , Zhaoxiang Qi , Vecchiato Alberto
Published: March 2024

The direct detection of gravitational waves by ground-based optical interferometers has opened a new window in astronomy. Besides, the sensitivity of these linear detectors to the direction of arrival of an incoming gravitational wave is limited compared to current prospects of high-precision, space-based, astrometry. Indeed, advanced methods of differential relativistic astrometry offer a unique opportunity to overcome that situation. Here, we present a novel concept for a gravitational wave antenna that uses angles between close pairs of point-like sources as natural (angular) “arms” to characterise the very tiny variations in angular separations induced by a passing gravitational wave. The proposed new astrometric gravitational wave observable proves to be a powerful tool to substantially enhance the effect of gravitational waves of different strengths by exploiting optical resolution to the fullest. Then, by optically multiplexing three (or more) of such astrometric “arms”, it would be also possible to pinpoint source directions to unprecedented levels.
Physics-informed W-Net GAN for the direct stochastic inversion of fullstack seismic data into facies models
Authors: Miele Roberto , Azevedo Leonardo
Published: March 2024

Predicting the subsurface spatial distribution of geological facies from fullstack geophysical data is a main step in the geo-modeling workflow for energy exploration and environmental tasks and requires solving an inverse problem. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown great potential for geologically accurate probabilistic inverse modeling, but existing methods require multiple sequential steps and do not account for the spatial uncertainty of facies-dependent continuous properties, linking the facies to the observed geophysical data. This can lead to biased predictions of facies distributions and inaccurate quantification of the associated uncertainty. To overcome these limitations, we propose a GAN able to learn the physics-based mapping between facies and seismic domains, while accounting for the spatial uncertainty of such facies-dependent properties. During its adversarial training, the network reads the observed geophysical data, providing solutions to the inverse problems directly in a single step. The method is demonstrated on 2-D examples, using both synthetic and real data from the Norne field (Norwegian North Sea). The results show that the trained GAN can model facies patterns matching the spatial continuity patterns observed in the training images, fitting the observed geophysical data, and with a variability proportional to the spatial uncertainty of the facies-dependent properties.
Association of diet, lifestyle, and chronotype with metabolic health in Ukrainian adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Romanenko Mariana , Schuster Julius , Piven Liubov , Synieok Liudmyla , Dubiley Tetyana , Bogomaz Liudmyla , Hahn Andreas , Müller Mattea
Published: March 2024

Morning chronotypes are associated with healthier metabolic profiles and lifestyles compared to evening chronotypes. However, limited research examined the relationship between chronotype, dietary intake, and metabolic health using accurate measures such as food records. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between chronotype, dietary intake, and metabolic health markers in a cohort of Ukrainian individuals. Chronotypes were determined using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) in 110 healthy to obese individuals (30–75 years) without type 2 diabetes. Dietary intake was derived from weighed seven days food diaries, anthropometrics and blood markers of glucose and lipid metabolism were measured. Morning chronotypes were significantly older and exhibited distinct dietary patterns, including lower intake of fat and animal protein and higher intake of carbohydrates when compared to evening chronotypes (p < 0.01). Higher MEQ scores, reflecting a tendency toward a morning chronotype, were associated with lower BMI, waist circumference, fasting triglycerides, and glucose (p < 0.05). Further, being of morning chronotype predicted better overall metabolic health. These associations remained significant after adjusting for confounders. The findings suggest that morning chronotypes have a different dietary pattern characterized by a more balanced diet and favorable metabolic profile. Synchronizing daily routines with morning preferences could positively influence metabolic health.
Measuring and classifying IP usage scenarios: a continuous neural trees approach
Authors: Li Zhenhui , Zhou Fan , Wang Zhiyuan , Xu Xovee , Liu Leyuan , Yin Guangqiang
Published: March 2024

Understanding user behavior via IP addresses is a crucial measure towards numerous pragmatic IP-based applications, including online content delivery, fraud prevention, marketing intelligence, and others. While profiling IP addresses through methods like IP geolocation and anomaly detection has been thoroughly studied, the function of an IP address—e.g., whether it pertains to a private enterprise network or a home broadband—remains underexplored. In this work, we initiate the first attempt to address the IP usage scenario classification problem. We collect data consisting of IP addresses from four large-scale regions. A novel continuous neural tree-based ensemble model is proposed to learn IP assignment rules and complex feature interactions. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate our model in terms of classification accuracy and generalizability. Our results demonstrate that the proposed model is capable of efficiently uncovering significant higher-order feature interactions that enhance IP usage scenario classification, while also possessing the ability to generalize from the source region to the target one.
Ecosystem service valuation and multi-scenario simulation in the Ebinur Lake Basin using a coupled GMOP-PLUS model
Authors: Tang Hua , Halike Abudureheman , Yao Kaixuan , Wei Qianqian , Yao Lei , Tuheti Buweiayixiemu , Luo Jianmei , Duan Yuefan
Published: March 2024

The Ebinur Lake Basin is an ecologically sensitive area in an arid region. Investigating its land use and land cover (LULC) change and assessing and predicting its ecosystem service value (ESV) are of great importance for the stability of the basin's socioeconomic development and sustainable development of its ecological environment. Based on LULC data from 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, we assessed the ESV of the Ebinur Lake Basin and coupled the grey multi-objective optimization model with the patch generation land use simulation model to predict ESV changes in 2035 under four scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) development, rapid economic development (RED), ecological protection (ELP), and ecological–economic balance (EEB). The results show that from 1990 to 2020, the basin was dominated by grassland (51.23%) and unused land (27.6%), with a continuous decrease in unused land and an increase in cultivated land. In thirty years, the total ESV of the study area increased from 18.62 billion to 67.28 billion yuan, with regulation and support services being the dominant functions. By 2035, cultivated land increased while unused land decreased in all four scenarios compared with that in 2020. The total ESV in 2035 under the BAU, RED, ELP, and EEB scenarios was 68.83 billion, 64.47 billion, 67.99 billion, and 66.79 billion yuan, respectively. In the RED and EEB scenarios, ESV decreased by 2.81 billion and 0.49 billion yuan, respectively. In the BAU scenario, provisioning and regulation services increased by 6.05% and 2.93%, respectively. The ELP scenario, focusing on ecological and environmental protection, saw an increase in ESV for all services. This paper can assist policymakers in optimizing land use allocation and provide scientific support for the formulation of land use strategies and sustainable ecological and environmental development in the inland river basins of arid regions.
Enhancing colistin efficacy against Salmonella infections with a quinazoline-based dual therapeutic strategy
Authors: Lobertti Carlos A. , Gizzi Fernán O. , Magni Christian , Rial Analía , Chabalgoity José A. , Yim Lucía , Blancato Víctor S. , Asquith Christopher R. M. , García Véscovi Eleonora
Published: March 2024

Colistin remains one of the last-resort therapies for combating infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales, despite its adverse nephro- and neuro-toxic effects. This study elucidates the mechanism of action of a non-antibiotic 4-anilinoquinazoline-based compound that synergistically enhances the effectiveness of colistin against Salmonella enterica. The quinazoline sensitizes Salmonella by deactivating intrinsic, mutational, and transferable resistance mechanisms that enable Salmonella to counteract the antibiotic impact colistin, together with an induced disruption to the electrochemical balance of the bacterial membrane. The attenuation of colistin resistance via the combined treatment approach also proves efficacious against E. coli, Klebsiella, and Acinetobacter strains. The dual therapy reduces the mortality of Galleria mellonella larvae undergoing a systemic Salmonella infection when compared to individual drug treatments. Overall, our findings unveil the potential of the quinazoline-colistin combined therapy as an innovative strategy against MDR bacteria.
Structural and surface characterizations of 2D β-In2Se3/3D β-Ga2O3 heterostructures grown on c-Sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Nallasani Umeshwar Reddy , Wu Ssu-Kuan , Diep Nhu Quynh , Lin Yen-Yu , Wen Hua-Chiang , Chou Wu-Ching , Chia Chin-Hau
Published: March 2024

Integrating two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with wide bandgap β-Ga2O3 has unveiled impressive opportunities for exploring novel physics and device concepts. This study presents the epitaxial growth of 2D β-In2Se3/3D β-Ga2O3 heterostructures on c-Sapphire substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Firstly, we employed a temperature-dependent two-step growth process to deposit Ga2O3 and obtained a phase-pure $$(\overline{2 }01)$$

(

2
¯

01
)

β-Ga2O3 film on c-Sapphire. Interestingly, the in-situ reflective high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns observed from this heterostructure revealed the in-plane ‘b’ lattice constant of β-Ga2O3 ~ 3.038Å. In the next stage, for the first time, 2D In2Se3 layers were epitaxially realized on 3D β-Ga2O3 under varying substrate temperatures (Tsub) and Se/In flux ratios (RVI/III). The deposited layers exhibited (00l) oriented β-In2Se3 on $$(\overline{2 }01)$$

(

2
¯

01
)

β-Ga2O3/c-Sapphire with the epitaxial relationship of $$[11\overline{2 }0]$$

[
11

2
¯

0
]

β-In2Se3 || [010] β-Ga2O3 and $$[10\overline{1 }0]$$

[
10

1
¯

0
]

β-In2Se3 || [102] β-Ga2O3 as observed from the RHEED patterns. Also, the in-plane ‘a’ lattice constant of β-In2Se3 was determined to be ~ 4.027Å. The single-phase β-In2Se3 layers with improved structural and surface quality were achieved at a Tsub ~ 280 °C and RVI/III ~ 18. The microstructural and detailed elemental analysis further confirmed the epitaxy of 2D layered β-In2Se3 on 3D β-Ga2O3, a consequence of the quasi-van der Waals epitaxy. Furthermore, the β-Ga2O3 with an optical bandgap (Eg) of ~ 5.04 eV (deep ultraviolet) when integrated with 2D β-In2Se3, Eg ~ 1.43eV (near infra-red) can reveal potential applications in the optoelectronic field.
Impact of digitization on carbon productivity: an empirical analysis of 136 countries
Authors: Yu Hongna , Liu Huan
Published: March 2024

Enhancing carbon productivity (CP) is key to achieving carbon reduction goals while maintaining economic growth. Digital technology plays a significant role in improving CP. Based on panel data from 136 countries worldwide from 2000 to 2020, this study empirically examines the impact of digitalization on CP and its mechanisms using fixed-effects and mediation models. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Overall, digitalization significantly enhances CP. (2) In terms of the mechanism, digitalization primarily improves CP through technological innovation and mitigating income inequality. (3) In terms of the quantile regression results, as the quantile level of CP increases, the promoting effect of digitalization on CP gradually strengthens. (4) From the perspective of heterogeneity among regions, income levels and human capital levels, digitalization has the greatest promotion effect on carbon productivity in European countries, high-income countries and high human capital countries. This study provides a reference for policymakers worldwide to use digital technology in achieving carbon emission reduction targets.
Clinical course and factors associated with progressive acro-osteolysis in early systemic sclerosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Thammaroj Punthip , Chowchuen Prathana , Foocharoen Chingching
Published: March 2024

To examine clinical course of early systemic sclerosis (SSc) and identify factors for progression of acro-osteolysis by a retrospective cohort study. Dual time-point hand radiography was performed at median interval (range 3.0 ± 0.4 years) in 64 recruited patients. Progressive acro-osteolysis was defined as the worsening of severity of acro-osteolysis according to rating scale (normal, mild, moderate, and severe). Incidence of the progression was determined. Cox regression was analyzed for the predictors. A total of 193.6 per 100 person-years, 19/64 patients had progressive acro-osteolysis with incidence of 9.8 per 100-person-years (95% CI 6.3–15.4). The median time of progressive acro-osteolysis was 3.5 years. Rate of progression increased from 1st to 3rd years follow-up with the progression rate at 1-, 2- and 3-years were 0, 2.0 and 18.3%, respectively. Patients with positive anti-topoisomerase I tended to have more progressive acro-osteolysis but no significant predictors on Cox regression. 44%, 18%, and 33% of who had no, mild, and moderate acro-osteolysis previously developed progression and 10 turned to be severe acro-osteolysis. In conclusion, the incidence of progressive acro-osteolysis was uncommon in early SSc but the rate of progression was pronouncedly increasing after three years follow-up. A half of the patients progressed to severe acro-osteolysis.
A NAD(P)H oxidase mimic for catalytic tumor therapy via a deacetylase SIRT7-mediated AKT/GSK3β pathway
Authors: Fang Qi , Liu Quanyi , Song Zhimin , Zhang Xiaojun , Du Yan
Published: March 2024

The C@Co nanozyme with NOX-like activity can efficiently consume NAD(P)H within cancer cells and the generation of NAD(P)+ promoted the expression of deacetylase SIRT7, whic inhibited the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, ultimately promoting apoptosis.
Transforming friction: unveiling sliding-induced phase transitions in CVD-grown WS2 monolayers under single-asperity sliding nanocontacts
Authors: Rai Himanshu , Thakur Deepa , Gadal Aayush , Ye Zhijiang , Balakrishnan Viswanath , Gosvami Nitya Nand
Published: March 2024

1H and 1T′ phases of WS2 monolayers were studied using AFM. The 1H phase shows higher friction (∼52%) than the 1T′ phase. Notably, friction of 1H phase was reduced to friction measured on 1T′ phase due to the lateral strain induced by sliding AFM tip.
Coordination-induced and tunable layered rare-earth hydroxide-complex intercalated nanohybrid phosphorescent photosensitizer and therapy
Authors: Zhao Zhongli , Lin Hailong , Yang Tianshu , Zhang Lulu , Liu Qingyi , Zhang Chun , Qian Fengyu
Published: March 2024

Hydrotalcite intercalated nanohybrids have served as a vital phosphorescent photosensitizer owing to remarkable 1O2 quantum yield and high cell mortality performance.
Folate conjugated albumin as a targeted nanocarrier for the delivery of fisetin: in silico and in vitro biological studies
Authors: Solanki Raghu , Srivastav Amit Kumar , Patel Sejal , Singh Sanju Kumari , Jodha Bhavana , Kumar Umesh , Patel Sunita
Published: March 2024

Schematic representation of synthesis process of Folic Acid (FA) conjugated Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) nanoparticles for the delivery of Fisetin (FST) and its application for cancer treatment.
Unlocking the potential of nanoscale sulfur in sustainable agriculture
Authors: Sun Yi , Jiang Yaqi , Li Yuanbo , Wang Qibin , Zhu Guikai , Yi Tianjing , Wang Quanlong , Wang Yi , Dhankher Om Parkash , Tan Zhiqiang , Lynch Iseult , White Jason C. , Rui Yukui , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2024

This paper discusses the mechanism of action of sulfur and nano-sulfur on soil-plant systems and their applicability to sustainable agricultural development.
“Honeycomb catalytic strategy” for carbonylation reaction based on the structural evolution of cobalt species
Authors: Zhang Peng , An Liying , Zhao Chunqiu , Chang Qiang , Wang Fei , Zhang Chenghua , Zhu Yulei , Yang Yong , Li Yongwang
Published: March 2024

A catalytic strategy based on the structural evolution of cobalt species successfully reconcile catalytic efficiency and facile active metal recovery.
Dynamics and potential origins of decimeter-sized particles around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Pfeifer Marius , Agarwal Jessica , Marschall Raphael , Grieger Björn , Lemos Pablo
Published: March 2024

Context. One of the primary goals of the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was to investigate the mechanisms responsible for cometary activity.

Aims. Our aim is to learn more about the ejection process of large refractory material by studying the dynamics of decimeter-sized dust particles in the coma of 67P and estimating their potential source regions.

Methods. We algorithmically tracked thousands of individual particles through four OSIRIS/NAC image sequences of 67P’s near-nucleus coma. We then traced concentrated particle groups back to the nucleus surface, and estimated their potential source regions, size distributions, and projected dynamical parameters. Finally, we compared the observed activity to dust coma simulations.

Results. We traced back 409 decimeter-sized particles to four suspected source regions. The regions strongly overlap and are mostly confined to the Khonsu-Atum-Anubis area. The activity may be linked to rugged terrain, and the erosion of fine dust and the ejection of large boulders may be mutually exclusive. Power-law indices fitted to the particle size–frequency distributions range from 3.4 ± 0.3 to 3.8 ± 0.4. Gas drag fits to the radial particle accelerations provide an estimate for the local gas production rates (Qg = 3.6 × 10−5 kg s−1 m−2), which is several times higher than our model predictions based on purely insolation-driven water ice sublimation. Our observational results and our modeling results both reveal that our particles were likely ejected with substantial nonzero initial velocities of around 0.5–0.6 m s−1.

Conclusions. Our findings strongly suggest that the observed ejection of decimeter-sized particles cannot be explained by water ice sublimation and favorable illumination conditions alone. Instead, the local structures and compositions of the source regions likely play a major role. In line with current ejection models of decimeter-sized particles, we deem an overabundance of CO2 ice and its sublimation to be the most probable driver. In addition, because of the significant initial velocities, we suspect the ejection events to be considerably more energetic than gradual liftoffs.
Molecular isotopologue measurements toward super star clusters and the relation to their ages in NGC 253 with ALCHEMI
Authors: Butterworth J. , Viti S. , Van der Werf P. P. , Mangum J. G. , Martín S. , Harada N. , Emig K. L. , Muller S. , Sakamoto K. , Yoshimura Y. , Tanaka K. , Herrero-Illana R. , Colzi L. , Rivilla V. M. , Huang K. Y. , Bouvier M. , Behrens E. , Henkel C. , Yan Y. T. , Meier D. S. , Zhou D.
Published: March 2024

Context. Determining the evolution of the CNO isotopes in the interstellar medium (ISM) of starburst galaxies can yield important constraints on the ages of super star clusters (SSCs), or on other aspects and factors contributing to their evolution, such as the initial mass function (IMF). Due to the time-dependent nature of the abundances of isotopes within the ISM – as they are supplied from processes such as nucleosynthesis or chemical fractionation –, this provides the opportunity to test whether or not isotope ratios trace the ages of highly star-forming regions, such as SSCs.

Aims. The goal of this study is to investigate whether the isotopic variations in SSC regions within NGC 253 are correlated with their different ages as derived from stellar population modelling.

Methods. We measured abundance ratios of CO, HCN, and HCO+ isotopologues in six regions containing SSCs within NGC 253 using high-spatial-resolution (1.6″, ∼28 pc) data from the ALCHEMI (ALma Comprehensive High-resolution Extragalactic Molecular Inventory) ALMA Large program. We then analysed these ratios using RADEX radiative transfer modelling, with the parameter space sampled using the nested sampling Monte Carlo algorithm MLFriends. These abundance ratios were then compared to ages predicted in each region via the fitting of observed star-formation tracers (such as Brγ) to Starburst99 starburst stellar population evolution models.

Results. We determined the isotopic column density ratios across multiple regions of SSC activity in NGC 253 using non-LTE radiative transfer modelling. We do not find any significant trend with age for the CO and HCN isotopologue ratios on timescales of the ages of the SSC* regions observed. However, HCO+ may show a correlation with age over these timescales in 12C/13C.

Conclusions. The driving factors of these ratios within SSCs could be the IMF or fractionation effects. To further probe these effects in SSCs over time, a larger sample of SSCs must be observed spanning a larger age range.
The effect of nonlocal disk processes on the volatile CHNOS budgets of planetesimal-forming material
Authors: Oosterloo M. , Kamp I. , van Westrenen W.
Published: March 2024

Context. The bulk abundances of CHNOS-bearing species of a planet have a profound effect on its interior structure and evolution. Therefore, it is key to investigate the behavior of the local abundances of these elements in the solid phase in the earliest stages of planet formation, where micrometer-sized dust grows into larger and larger aggregates. However, the physical and chemical processes occurring in planet-forming disks that shape these abundances are highly coupled and nonlocal.

Aims. We aim to quantify the effects of the interplay between dynamical processes (turbulent diffusion, dust settling and radial drift), collision processes (coagulation and fragmentation), and the adsorption and desorption of ices on the abundances of CHNOS in local disk solids as a function of position throughout the planet-forming region.

Methods. We used SHAMPOO (Stochastic Monomer Processor), which tracks the ice budgets of CHNOS-bearing molecules of a dust monomer as it undergoes nonlocal disk processing in a Class I disk. We used a large set of individual monomer evolutionary trajectories to make inferences about the properties of the local dust populations via a stochastic analysis of 64 000 monomers on a preexisting spatial grid.

Results. We find that spatially, monomers can travel larger distances farther out in the disk, leading to a larger spread in positions of origin for a dust population at, for example,r= 50 AU compared tor= 2 AU. However, chemically, the inner disk (r≲ 10 AU) is more nonlocal due to the closer spacing of ice lines in this disk region. Although to zeroth order the bulk ice mantle composition of icy dust grains remains similar compared to a fully local dust population, the ice mass associated with individual chemical species can change significantly. The largest differences with local dust populations were found near ice lines where the collisional timescale is comparable to the adsorption and desorption timescales. Here, aggregates may become significantly depleted in ice as a consequence of microscopic collisional mixing, a previously unknown effect where monomers are stored away in aggregate interiors through rapid cycles of coagulation and fragmentation.

Conclusions. Nonlocal ice processing in a diffusion-dominated, massive, smooth disk has the most significant impact on the inner disk (r≲ 10 AU). Furthermore, microscopic collisional mixing can have a significant effect on the amounts of ice of individual species immediately behind their respective ice lines. This suggests that ice processing is highly coupled to collisional processing in this disk region, which implies that the interiors of dust aggregates must be considered and not just their surfaces.
Using RAM method for optimal selection of flame retardant nanocomposite material fabrication solution
Authors: Trung Do Duc
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to optimize the selection of manufacturing solutions for flame retardant nanocomposite materials based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC). A total of eight different options were considered. The first option utilized PVC as the base material, and the subsequent options were carried out by adding specific amounts of reinforcing agents, including aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and zinc borate (ZB). The seven following options were denoted by their respective symbols: 5ATH/PVC, 10ATH/PVC, 15ATH/PVC, 5ZB/PVC, 10ZB/PVC, 15ZB/PVC, and 5ATH/5ZB/PVC. The number preceding the symbol of the reinforcing agent represents the percentage of the reinforcing agent added to the PVC material. For example, 5ATH/PVC signifies the addition of 5% of ATH reinforcing agent to the PVC material. To evaluate each option, five different indices were employed. The weight for each index was determined using four different methods, including the Equal method, Entropy method, MEREC method, and LOPCOW method. The RAM method was used to select the best option. The combination of the RAM method and the four weight determination methods generated four different datasets of option rankings. In all four of these datasets, the best and worst options consistently matched. The results indicated that the 15ATH/PVC option was deemed the best, while the pure PVC option was the worst.
Lightweighting structures using an explicit microarchitectured material framework
Authors: Di Rienzo Antonio , Duriez Edouard , Charlotte Miguel , Morlier Joseph
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a new approach to design ultralight structures is developed based on a previous work called Efficient Multiscale Topology Optimization. A parameterized (or explicit) truss-based cell is introduced to generate intrinsically well-connected microstructures and to get clear interpretable optimal multiscale structures. The method uses a pre-computed database of optimal micro-cells to be computational efficient without losing in structural performances. The parameterization allows to generate a lightweight database just storing the set of parameters, that define the optimal cells, and the cells properties, that are obtained through inverse homogenization. The method has been successfully tested on two-dimensional compliance problems. Several examples demonstrate its versatility and give quantitative results. Moreover, it allows to obtain structures compatible with additive manufacturing processes, to naturally solve concurrent multi-scale problems, as well as controlled porosity and optimal fiber orientation problems.
Transition énergétique - les défis de la défossilisation
Authors: Bonhomme Gérard
Published: March 2024

Ce dossier spécial sur l’énergie marque l’aboutissement d’un travail de longue haleine mené au sein de la commission Énergie & Environnement de la SFP. L’impulsion de départ du projet avait été donnée par Michel Spiro. Il indiquait déjà dans l’éditorial intitulé « Les physiciens face au défi du réchauffement climatique » du n°55 de Reflets de la physique (octobre-novembre 2017), les principales thématiques dans lesquelles les physiciens devraient s’impliquer pour affronter ce défi mondial de la transition énergétique. Cette transition doit conduire à renoncer aux combustibles fossiles, qui représented pourtant actuellement plus de 80 % des ressources en énergie primaire au niveau mondial et assurent de l’ordre de 60 % de notre consommation d’énergie finale en France et en Europe. On mesure immédiatement I’ampleur du défi !
L’impact de l’énergie sur le développement des sociétiés humaines et l’économie globale
Authors: Bonhomme Gérard , Safa Henri
Published: March 2024

Alors que le poids réel de l’énergie dans l’économie est encore souvent largement sous-estimé dans nombre de modèles macro-économiques, l’article explicite la forte interrelation qui existe entre l’énergie, le développement humain et l’économie. Dans un contexte de nécessaire croissance des besoins au niveau mondial, et devant l’impérieuse nécessité de décarboner les usages, quelques pistes de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, s’appuyant sur des innovations techniques, sont discutées.
Usages énergétiques des biomasses
Authors: Boissonnet Guillaume
Published: March 2024

Le contexte climatique et géopolitique pousse nos sociétés à rechercher comment utiliser au mieux de nouvelles ressources d’énergie, sans contribuer à l’effet de serre. Cependant, « neutre vis-à-vis de l’effet de serre » ne veut pas dire sans carbone. Ainsi, évaluer la neutralité carbone doit se faire sur l’ensemble d’une filière de transformation, et les lois de la thermodynamique s’appliquent à chaque étape.

Dans le mix énergétique actuel, le carbone fossile est majoritaire et dominant. Et, même dans un système futur, le carbone restera incontournable pour les matériaux, la chimie et l’énergie, tout comme pour l’alimentation. Nous allons voir qu’il s’agit moins de « décarboner » le système que de le « défossiliser ». Le carbone étant alors une ressource critique, il s’agit d’en favoriser les meilleurs usages et de maximiser son rendement de transformation.
Valoriser la chaleur nucléaire
Authors: Leurent Martin , Safa Henri
Published: March 2024

La récupération d’une partie de l’énergie perdue des centrales nucléaires pour des usages industriels ou de chaleur urbaine offre des perspectives très intéressantes en termes de réduction des gaz à effet de serre (GES).
Éolien en mer : du fixe au flottant
Authors: Gilloteaux Jean-Christophe , Aubrun Sandrine
Published: March 2024

L’éolien est l’énergie qui devrait apporter la plus grande contribution aux objectifs de déploiement d’énergie renouvelable pour 2030 et au-delà. La capacité éolienne installée dans I’Union européenne est d’environ 236 GW (fin 2021) ; avec 207 GW d’éolien terrestre et 28 GW d’éolien en mer, elle couvre 15 % de la demande d’électricité (8 % en France). Les scénarios les plus prometteurs visent à atteindre une capacité totale de 60 à 80 GW d’énergie éolienne offshore installée d’ici 2030, dont 6 à 12 GW d’éolien offshore flottant.

Dans cet article, quelques éléments de contexte sur l’éolien en mer sont donnés. Les avantages de l’éolien flottant, les verrous associés, et les dispositifs innovants d’expérimentation hybride sont brièvement exposés.
Le rôle de l'hydrogène et du méthane pour le stockage de l’énergie, et celui de l’hydrogène comme vecteur énergétique
Authors: Sapy Georges
Published: March 2024

Cet article porte sur le stockage d’énergie sous forme de gaz (hydrogène ou méthane) pour compenser la variabilité des productions intermittentes éoliennes et photovoltaïques dans les systèmes électriques. (Ce mode de stockage-déstockage est appelé “power-to-gas-to-power” en anglais). Le stockage d’énergie pour d’autres applications, la mobilité notamment, n’est pas abordé ici.
Le poids des ressources minérales dans les systèmes énergétiques
Authors: Bonhomme Gérard , Treiner Jacques , Vidal Olivier
Published: March 2024

L’humanité utilise les ressources minérales à un niveau sans précédent et la demande va continuer de croitre au cours des prochaines décennies, alimentée par les transitions énergétique et numérique et le développement économique des pays très peuplés. Mais la nature et les quantités de ressources minérales nécessaires sont fortement dépendantes des types d’utilisation envisagés, lesquels varient selon l’organisation et le niveau de développement des sociétés.

La demande en matières premières doit donc être estimée selon une approche dynamique et régionalisée, prenant en compte les différents scénarios de développement, notamment pour ce qui concerne le déploiement de ressources énergétiques renouvelables ou décarbonées.

Le présent article reprend en les résumant les principales analyses d’articles précédemment publiés d’Olivier Vidal et al. [1-4].
Les couts cachés de l’électricité
Authors: Percebois Jacques , Pommeret Stanislas
Published: March 2024

Le prix de l’électricité doit comptabiliser tous les couts, directs mais également induits, et qui sont souvent cachés. C’est vrai pour le calcul du cout moyen de production du kWh aux bornes de la centrale. C’est vrai aussi dans le cadre du fonctionnement du marché de gros de l’électricité fondé sur l’ordre de mérite, ce qui conduit à appeler les centrales sur la base du cout marginal du kWh. Ne pas tenir compte de ces couts cachés conduit à des distorsions de concurrence et à des choix infra-optimaux.
Cout sanitaire de l’énergie
Authors: Masse Roland
Published: March 2024

La production et la consommation d’énergie sont indispensables au développement des sociétés industrielles. On montre qu’il existe dans le monde une corrélation forte entre l’augmentation de l’espérance de vie des citoyens et la quantité d’énergie par habitant, mais que cet effet atteint un plateau à partir d’une valeur inférieure au quart de celles propres aux sociétés occidentales actuelles. Au-delà de cette consommation d’énergie, ce sont des effets liés à la pollution du milieu qui dominent les interactions entre énergie et santé.
3D-printed bioscaffold reduces bacteria growth and facilitates tissue regeneration for safer implants
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: March 2024

Polycaprolactone graphene oxide composite enables time-controlled hydrophobicity and can be sterilized with infrared radiation.