bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of the complex mycotoxin adsorbent "Galluasorb" in combined mycotoxicosis of pigs
Authors: Tarasova Evgenya , Matrosova Lilia , Tanaseva Svetlana , Ermolaeva Olga , Potekhina Ramziya , Sofronova Anastasia , Zaynullin Lenar , Mukhammadiev Rinat , Mukhammadiev Rishat , Semenov Eduard
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of studying the efficiency of the method for preventing T-2, afla-, DON- and zearalenone toxicosis in pigs using the complex mycotoxin adsorbent “Galluasorb”. It is shown that as a result of including “Galluasorb” in pig feed, naturally contaminated with four mycotoxins at once, at the rate of 2.5 kg per ton of feed, a protective effect was observed, which was expressed in an increase in weight gain, feed consumption, a decrease in its conversion, normalization of the clinical status and morpho-biochemical blood parameters. Thus, on the 30th day of the experiment, the absolute increase in live weight in piglets receiving the main diet with mycotoxins with the addition of “Galluasorb” was 13.7 kg, while in piglets of the toxic control group - 11.8 kg. The average daily live weight gain per animal in the same groups was 456.7 g and 393.3 g, respectively. In the toxic control group, feed consumption was reduced by 7.4% compared to the group of animals receiving the main diet with mycotoxins with the addition of “Galluasorb”. A decrease in the feed conversion ratio was also noted in the preventive group. Thus, the use of the complex adsorbent had a protective effect in the natural contamination of feed in the T-2 farm with toxin, aflatoxin, DON and zearalenone. The developed adsorbent also opens up prospects for the use of the natural mineral halloysite in combination with an antioxidant, hepatoprotector and organic sorbent in pig farming.
Simulation modeling in environmental aspect of sustainable development in retail sector
Authors: Korotun Olga , Goncharov Dmitrii
Published: October 2024

Russian food retailers are actively modernizing their operations in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Renewable energy technologies are being developed and actively implemented, waste is being reduced and utilized, and social projects are being implemented. To reduce the negative impact on the environment, it is necessary to develop and implement innovative technologies and business process management techniques. The use of simulation modeling methods provides an opportunity to predict changes in the development and implementation of new solutions. In the paper a structural analysis of the processes characteristic for the sales halls is carried out, key objects and their characteristics are determined. On the basis of this analysis, the rules determining the change of states of objects and processes are established. On the basis of the obtained results, the corresponding formal models are created, which are intended for conducting numerical experiments to determine effective management strategies. The created models can be used in the development of expert systems that manage certain resources of the retail network in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment.
Biofilm et Appareils Orthodontiques Amovibles : enquête auprès des patients et images par Microscopie Électronique à Balayage (MEB)
Authors: Charavet Carole , Autuoro Pierre , Orange François , Lupi Laurence
Published: October 2024

Introduction : la littérature en matière de procédures d’hygiène appliquées aux appareils orthodontiques amovibles est peu abondante alors que le sujet mérite une attention particulière. L’objectif de cette étude était d’investiguer les procédures d’hygiène employées par les patients porteurs de ces appareils et de visualiser par Microscopie Électronique à Balayage (MEB) le biofilm à la surface de ces appareils (en résine et aligneurs) après vie en bouche. Matériels et Méthodes : des images MEB ont été réalisées sur les appareils amovibles en résine et sur les aligneurs. Parallèlement, une étude, de type observationnelle (enquête), a inclus tous les patients porteurs de ces appareils orthodontiques afin d’analyser leurs procédures d’hygiène. Résultats : les images MEB mettaient en lumière un biofilm, observable à différents stades de maturation, tant sur les appareils amovibles en résine que sur les aligneurs. Concernant l’étude, sur les 40 participants, 90 % brossaient mécaniquement leurs appareils, majoritairement à l’aide de dentifrice (63 %), d’eau (25 %) ou de savon (10 %). Un produit de désinfection (pastille effervescente / bain de bouche) était utilisé par 67 % des patients, en complément ou indépendamment du brossage. Cette technique était principalement appliquée par les patients porteurs d’appareils en résine, et qui démontraient un investissement financier plus important (p = 0,05), possiblement dû à la présence d’un vieillissement avec dépôts (30 %) ou d’une odeur désagréable (18 %). Enfin, la majorité́ des parents estimait que leur enfant était autonome pour l’hygiène de leur appareil bien que, pour la plupart, l’enfant n’avait pas la possibilité́ de nettoyer son appareil à l’école. Conclusion : Les procédures d’hygiène employées sont assez hétérogènes, alors qu’un biofilm semble bien établi sur ces dispositifs orthodontiques.
Analyse phénoméno-structurale de l’acte et du rapport au corps dans le suivi psychologique d’une adolescente
Authors: Emsallem Nicolas
Published: October 2024

Nos rencontres cliniques, dans un service de pédopsychiatrie, avec des adolescents en grandes difficultés psychologiques, nous ont amené à considérer la place essentielle des manifestations expressives de l’acte et du rapport au corps dans le processus de l’adolescence. Nous avons fréquemment observé comment les manifestations corporelles et agies, qui se déploient avec force et intensité à cet âge, se mettent au service d’une réalité complexe et souvent indicible, tant à un niveau personnel qu’au sein d’implications relationnelles, voire transgénérationnelles. L’analyse des valeurs structurales, expressives et communicatives de ces manifestations, témoigne bien souvent d’une « lutte psychique » (Winnicott, 1982, Wawrzyniak & Schmit, 2008) pour maintenir une continuité et une cohérence au sein de l’organisation de la personnalité et du système relationnel, et par là, une continuité du sentiment d’existence. Nous proposons une illustration à travers l’analyse détaillée d’entretiens cliniques et des épreuves de Rorschach et du Village d’une adolescente. Une place primordiale est accordée aux modalités perceptives et représentatives des figures humaines, de l’espace et du temps vécus, aux modes d’intégration des facteurs dynamiques ainsi qu’aux registres d’expression et de réalisation de l’intentionnalité. Nous précisons comment les sentiments d’existence, de la réalité et d’appartenance tiennent une place centrale dans le processus de quête identitaire. Les caractéristiques dégagées sont replacées dans une compréhension unitaire de l’organisation de la personnalité et du contexte relationnel de l’adolescente ; s’y tracent des pistes essentielles pour son accompagne ment psychologique.
Real-time synthesis of a nonuniformly correlated, partially coherent beam using an optical coordinate transformation
Authors: Hyde Milo W.
Published: October 2024

We design, build, and validate an optical system for generating light beams with complex spatial coherence properties in real time. Beams of this type self-focus and are resistant to turbulence degradation, making them potentially useful in applications such as optical communications. We begin with a general theoretical analysis of our proposed design. Our approach starts by generating a Schell-model (uniformly correlated or shift-invariant) source by spatially filtering incoherent light. We then pass this light through an optical coordinate transformer, which converts the Schell-model source into a nonuniformly correlated field. After the general analysis, we discuss system engineering, including trade-offs among system parameters and expected performance. Finally, we test and validate the system by comparing experimental results to theoretical predictions. We conclude with a brief summary and a discussion of future work.
Formation of hierarchically structured martensites in pure iron with ultrahigh strength and stiffness
Authors: Gu Chao , Chen Haiyan , Zhao Yusheng , Wang Shanmin
Published: October 2024

Strong steels are primarily fabricated by introducing spatial obstacles (e.g., stacking faults and precipitates) that inhibit dislocation slips under stress to achieve high strength. However, for most low-carbon steels, such obstacles are difficult to form mainly because the martensitic transition is kinetically unfavorable by conventional methods, which precludes the attainment of high-strength materials in these steels with low solute contents. Here, we report an innovative high-pressure preparation of martensitic pure Fe with involving nano-effect, which leads to the formation of ultrastrong bulk iron with exceptionally high yield strength, ultimate strength, and hardness of 2.9 GPa, 3.7 GPa, and 9.0 GPa, respectively, exceeding those of high-speed steels. Such extraordinary mechanical properties are closely attributed to its high-density martensites with unique multiscale hierarchical structures formed due to complex phase transitions under pressure.
Cultural transfer in the French Enlightenment
Authors: van Tilburg Marja
Published: October 2024

Over the last decade, scholars of the Enlightenment have shown how cultural critics all over Europe –
fashioning themselves as philosophes – took inspiration from non-Western cultures. Articulating their
criticism of contemporary European society, they drew comparisons with seemingly better functioning societies in other parts
of the world. How they selected and processed relevant information, however, has not been given due attention. How this
information was subsequently used in Enlightenment thinking has hardly been analysed – as if philosophes only
adopted ideas instead of examining and revising them in the process. To point out this last aspect of Enlightenment culture,
this article discusses two important late eighteenth century texts. The first is the report of the French explorer
Bougainville about his sojourn on Tahiti (1771). This author renders extraordinary sexual mores intelligible by referring to
the Enlightenment concept of “natural man.” The second is the commentary of the French philosophe Diderot,
who used the above report to develop an alternative to French sexual mores (several versions, 1771–1784). Together, these two
texts offer examples of Enlightenment cultural transfer: the explorer describing Tahitian culture in a way which inspires the
cultural critic to formulate new sexual mores and to discuss the feasibility of their implementation in contemporary
Europe.
Cultural transfer as a performative act in Mary Wollstonecraft’s Letters written during a short residence in
Sweden, Norway and Denmark (1796)
Authors: Broomans Petra
Published: October 2024

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797) is well known for her feminist pamphlet A Vindication of the Rights
of Women (1792). Wollstonecraft was also an experienced traveller. She travelled to Portugal, and she lived and
worked in Ireland, London and Paris. Her travel account about her stay in Scandinavia, Letters written during a short
residence in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, was published in 1796.

Her life and works have fascinated many artists, writers and scholars over time, starting with her husband,
the philosopher William Godwin (1756–1836), who published the Memoirs of the Author of ‘The Rights of Woman’
in 1798. More recently, Nigel Leask (2019), Anca-Raluca Radu (2020), Elizabeth Zold (2023), Michael Meyer (2023) and Luisa Simonutti (2024), amongst
others, discussed the Letters in different contexts. I will begin this chapter by giving a brief overview of
the outlines in this remarkable renaissance of ‘Mary Wollstonecraft studies’.

I will continue by positioning Wollstonecraft’s Letters within the genre of travel
writing. In my analysis I will focus on two concepts that determine Wollstonecraft as a traveller-cultural transmitter:
performativity and persona. This chapter demonstrates that the combination of persona (the self) and performativity (as
writer, observer and scholar) with the approach of cultural transfer expands our understanding of the
Letters.
Theatre as an engine for German-Swedish cultural transfer in the early twentieth century
Authors: Brandau Nina
Published: October 2024

It was not only literary exchange and travel writing that flourished between Germany and Scandinavia around
1900. The theatre sector was also influenced by increasing artistic mobility that facilitated the transfer of ideas on modern
theatre across Europe. This chapter examines selected guest performances and directorships of the German theatre director Max
Reinhardt and the actor Alexander Moissi in Stockholm between 1915 and 1921. Expanding the traditional idea of travel writing,
the artists used guest performances as a means of allowing ideas to travel to a new national context. Using cultural transfer
and mobility theories, the aim of this contribution is to explore how Reinhardt’s and Moissi’s mobile acts brought cultural
and aesthetic ideas to Sweden and which factors – social, political, aesthetic as well as infrastructural – influenced the
transfer process. This is done with a content analysis of newspaper articles as primary sources. With the help of these
sources, I will illustrate that Reinhardt’s and Moissi’s visits to Sweden were only successful because of a well-developed
German-Scandinavian network that had been built beforehand. It is argued that the artistic ideas that they transferred to
Sweden were mainly affected by socio-cultural and infrastructural developments, while political ideologies were of secondary
importance.
Exile, travel narrative and cultural transfer in Négar Djavadi’s Désorientale (2016)
Authors: den Toonder Jeanette
Published: October 2024

This chapter aims to analyse how the intersection of travel and exile in Négar Djavadi’s novel
Désorientale (2016) motivates cultural exchanges through movements of conflict and contact. After having
established a framework of exile and travel in relation to narrative, cultural encounters and transfer, the analysis firstly
focuses on the metaphorical and physical levels of travel and exile as developed in the novel. Exile and travel are
intertwined and a necessary part of the female protagonist’s life and offer the possibility to create a travel narrative where
she connects her Iranian past and French present. The second part examines the confrontation with her sexual identity and the
understanding of her hybrid body as a place of encounter between different cultures. By acknowledging the disorientation of
her exiled body, the protagonist/narrator is capable of establishing relationships with others and to share her experience.
The final section further discusses the importance of meaningful encounters by elaborating on the connection between the
narrator and the implied reader that allow for critical reflection and transfer of insights, emotions and ideas. The analysis
demonstrates the role of the exiled narrator as cultural transmitter. This chapter further contributes to the study of travel
writing and cultural transfer by offering new perspectives on how the genre develops in the twenty-first century as an effect
of migration.
A Weibo local network growth model constructed from the perspective of following–followed
Authors: Nian 年 Fu-Zhong 福忠 , Yao 姚 Ran-Qing 然庆
Published: October 2024

In order to explore the evolution process of the Weibo local network, this study first defines four factors influencing the evolution of the Weibo network. On this basis, the BA scale-free network model was enhanced by incorporating these four factors and accounting for directionality, resulting in a Weibo local network evolution model based on user attributes and behavioral similarity. The model’s validity was validated by comparing simulation results with real data. The findings indicate that the Weibo local network exhibits both small-world characteristics and distinctive features. The results show that the Weibo local network exhibits both small-world characteristics and distinctive properties. The in-degree distribution follows a mixed pattern of exponential and power-law distributions, the degree-degree shows isomatching, and both the in-degree centrality and eigenvector centrality values are relatively low. This research contributes to our understanding of user behaviour in the Weibo network, and provides a structural basis for exploring the impact of Weibo network structure on information dissemination.
MPDDF: Multi perspective dual data flow model for time series forecasting
Authors: Yang Baoshun
Published: October 2024

Multivariate time series forecasting tasks are widely used in social production and daily life, and making accurate predictions for the future can help enterprises take preventive measures for upcoming events. The prediction method based on deep neural networks has become the main method used in time series forecasting tasks. In order to improve the performance of the prediction model, this paper designs methods to improve the prediction performance of the model from the perspectives of multi-dimensional, time-domain, and data distribution in multivariate time series data. Using graph neural networks to establish dependencies between multi-dimensional data and perform feature extraction, using dual flow learning networks for time-domain feature extraction, and preventing overfitting of the model during training, and using learnable bias values to mitigate the impact of time series data distribution shift. By conducting experiments on the model in five different application scenarios and comparing it with advanced time series forecasting models, an average improvement of 7.50% was achieved in the MSE index and 6.53% in the MAE index, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model designed in this paper.
Dynamic analysis of six-bar tensegrity-based robot
Authors: Ji Zhifei , Du Zhengyin , Lin Min , Wang Weiqi , Yan Wenduan
Published: October 2024

The tensegrity-based robot is a hot research topic in the research field of robotics. The dynamics of the robot, describing the specific motion patterns under the influence of forces and torques, play an important role in the application of robotics. In addition, the dynamics should be considered when revealing the internal mechanisms of robots and predicting their dynamic behaviors. In this work, a dynamic model for a rolling six-bar tensegrity-based robot is established. In terms of kinematic representation, quaternions are chosen as the tool for attitude description, simplifying the derivation process of the complex three-dimensional rotational kinematics calculations. Quaternions play a crucial role in mathematical processing for robot attitude control and path planning due to their effective representation of three-dimensional space rotations. The classic Newton-Euler dynamic framework was adopted to conduct in-depth and detailed studies on the dynamic characteristics of the robot under various force conditions and motion states, with a particular focus on rolling dynamic analysis. Special attention was paid to the dynamic response mechanisms of each component of the robot under the combined action of internal and external forces and torques.
A helmet detection algorithm based on improved Yolov8n
Authors: Nie Yanping , Xie Xiaoyun
Published: October 2024

To address the issues of false positives and missed detections in current safety helmet algorithms, we propose a new detection method using an enhanced yolov8n model. An enhanced Yolov8n-based algorithm for detecting safety helmets is proposed. In this experiment, a new module called C2f_ECA is proposed. This module can extract channel information and enhance the performance of the network by replacing the original loss function of the algorithm with the EIoU loss function. The aspect ratio loss term is now determined by the difference between the predicted dimensions of width and height and those of the minimum bounding box. This modification speeds up the convergence of predicted boxes and improves their regression accuracy. In addition, a dataset of safety helmets is constructed in complex scenarios. The proposed algorithm enhances Yolov8n’s mAP50 by 1.6% and average accuracy by 1.6% compared to the original and traditional Yolov8 algorithms, respectively. It can efficiently address the issues of false positives and missed detections of safety helmets.
Counterfactual-based two-stage trajectory prediction framework for autonomous vehicle navigation systems
Authors: Ren Jiaxing
Published: October 2024

Accurate prediction of a vehicle’s trajectory is essential for autonomous driving and robotic operations in a complex, dynamic environment. However, current methods that rely on historical and environmental cues to predict future trajectories make the inner distance between testing and training environments often overlooked. To address this issue, we propose a counterfactual analysis method specifically designed for vehicle trajectory prediction. We begin by constructing a causal graph that includes historical trajectories, future trajectories, and environmental interactions. This graph captures the causal relationships between these elements. Our approach directly intervenes on the trajectory itself, effectively cutting off the inference from the environment to the trajectory. By doing so, we mitigate the negative impact of environmental bias. Furthermore, by comparing observed and intervened trajectory clues, we highlight the influence of environmental distance. Our goal is to improve the accuracy of trajectory prediction. Our counterfactual analysis module integrates seamlessly into various baseline prediction models. Experimental data demonstrates that our method outperforms others on publicly available Argoverse2 motion forecasting benchmarks.
An improved whale algorithm for real-time boundary processing and its convergence analysis
Authors: Yu Kaixuan , Liu Yongsheng , Zhang Hepei , Gao Shichen , Li Shuao , Wan Xueyu , Bao Peng
Published: October 2024

To tackle the deficiencies in the whale algorithm, including its weak stability, sluggish convergence rate, and tendency to get trapped in local optima, an adapted whale optimization algorithm has been created, which introduces quasi-opposition learning and a real-time boundary processing mechanism. In the enhanced algorithm, a quasi-opposition learning mechanism is implemented to broaden the search scope and augment the variety of the population during the initial phases of iteration. This approach also helps to guarantee the convergence of the algorithm in the later phases of iteration. The unified boundary processing method of delay concentration is improved to solve the problem that a large amount of convergence damages diversity if a large number of transgressive individuals are unified and centralized. The algorithm flow is given and the asymptotic fitness and the asymptotic global optimal solution are proved. The time complexity is analyzed theoretically. Ultimately, six recognized algorithms were utilized to simulate the CEC 2017 function set across different scales. Findings indicate that the enhanced algorithm significantly boosts convergence rate, optimization precision, and solution robustness, demonstrating strong convergence characteristics.
An analysis of the factors affecting Community-Based Tourism associated with Indigenous Knowledge of the Khmer ethnic people minority in An Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Ha N T N , Lien T T K
Published: October 2024

Community-Based Tourism has gained popularity around the world in recent years because of its benefits and impact on local communities. In this trend, ethnic minority communities, which comprise distinct and unique Indigenous Knowledge Systems, are becoming more appealing and popular tourist destinations. While the community tourism model based on Indigenous Knowledge is gaining popularity, enough study has not been conducted to analyze the elements influencing this approach. The purpose of this study is to assess factors influencing the growth of community-based tourism in An Giang province using traditional Khmer ethnic minority expertise. In this study, quantitative methods were performed on 196 tourists who had visited this model. According to the research findings, four categories of factors influence the development of this model: the Community-Based Tourism key factor (1), the Community-Based Tourism unique factors (2), the Community-Based Tourism Supporting factors (3), and the Indigenous Knowledge Systems factor (4).
Governance Practices in Mitigating Human-Elephant Conflicts in Dong Nai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Ngoc P T B , Huong T T T
Published: October 2024

Human-elephant conflicts (HEC) have become a significant concern due to their implications for both biodiversity conservation and human livelihoods. It has become a serious issue in Asian countries, particularly in Vietnam. This paper explores the effective governance strategies and good practices to mitigate human-elephant conflict in Dong Nai province, Vietnam. Through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and secondary data analysis, this article aims to identify and evaluate the practices that have been employed to mitigate these conflicts. The participatory observation was conducted over ten years, from 2013 to 2023, and 28 interviews were carried out with conservation experts, local government officials and residents. As a result, the study identified the causes, solutions, and outcomes of 10 years of governance practices addressing HEC. It also found an increase in the elephant population and improvement in their health status in Dong Nai. Importantly, the study found that good governance practices have reduced conflict and improved local livelihoods. Finally, this article proposes a governance model for human-elephant conflict mitigation operated by a triangular connection between the state, the community, and conservation groups in initial strategies related to minimizing human-elephant conflict. This model aims to achieve two main goals: protecting elephant herds, increasing their population, and safeguarding agricultural production areas. These findings provide insights for policymakers, conservationists, and local communities in their efforts to achieve harmonious coexistence between humans and elephants.
Scalable quantum detector tomography by high-performance computing
Authors: Schapeler Timon , Schade Robert , Lass Michael , Plessl Christian , Bartley Tim J
Published: October 2024

At large scales, quantum systems may become advantageous over their classical counterparts at performing certain tasks. Developing tools to analyze these systems at the relevant scales, in a manner consistent with quantum mechanics, is therefore critical to benchmarking performance and characterizing their operation. While classical computational approaches cannot perform like-for-like computations of quantum systems beyond a certain scale, classical high-performance computing (HPC) may nevertheless be useful for precisely these characterization and certification tasks. By developing open-source customized algorithms using HPC, we perform quantum tomography on a megascale quantum photonic detector covering a Hilbert space of 106. This requires finding 108 elements of the matrix corresponding to the positive operator valued measure, the quantum description of the detector, and is achieved in minutes of computation time. Moreover, by exploiting the structure of the problem, we achieve highly efficient parallel scaling, paving the way for quantum objects up to a system size of 1012 elements to be reconstructed using this method. In general, this shows that a consistent quantum mechanical description of quantum phenomena is applicable at everyday scales. More concretely, this enables the reconstruction of large-scale quantum sources, processes and detectors used in computation and sampling tasks, which may be necessary to prove their nonclassical character or quantum computational advantage.
Design and test on high-gap wheeled agricultural chassis for harvesting broccoli
Authors: Xu Huimin , Chen Yijin , Hu Miaodan , Yu Gaohong , Zheng Chao , Zhang Zhou , Wu Tianhao , Zhao Xiong
Published: October 2024

According to the planting mode of broccoli and the growth characteristics of broccoli, a kind of high-gap agricultural chassis with structural reliability and strong stability was designed for broccoli picking. Firstly, the dynamics and kinematics of the chassis were analyzed, and then we analyzed the stability and completed the finite element analysis of the key components. Finally, the simulation and field test were carried out. Thus, the main performance parameters of the chassis are determined. The overall power, driving power consumption, maximum endurance time, maximum driving distance, maximum power storage, and maximum battery power were 5.959kw, 1.84kw, 3 h, 21 km, 5.63kwh, and 6.552kw respectively. The results of the slope climbing and ridge driving test were better than those of the simulation test. The actual slope climbing effect of the chassis accords with the calculation of theoretical value, and it can climb the soil slope of 25°. These findings proved the stability of the high-gap agricultural chassis in the field and indicated that the chassis can be applied to small fields in hilly and mountainous regions.
Intelligent aerodynamic identification method based on wavelet transform and deep learning
Authors: Ma Guilin , Dai Jun , Hou Zhenyan , Li Shichao , Liu Xiangyun , He Mingao , Wen Fengqian , Chen Wei
Published: October 2024

Wind tunnel force testing is particularly crucial for the aerodynamic characteristics of hypersonic vehicles, and the intelligent and high-precision aerodynamic identification technology serves as the key supporting technology. Due to the short effective test time of the pulse combustion wind tunnel, the inertial force vibration generated by the force measurement system is difficult to be attenuated completely at the start of the wind tunnel. At the same time, there are many interference signals in the output signal during the test, which makes it difficult to achieve high-precision aerodynamic load identification. Therefore, in order to eliminate the influence of interference signals on aerodynamic identification accuracy and obtain accurate aerodynamic loads, this paper introduces an intelligent aerodynamic identification method based on wavelet transform and deep learning. Firstly, meyer wavelet is selected as the wavelet basis, and signal processing is performed on the output signal through wavelet transform to eliminate interference signals and improve signal quality. Then, through RNN-GRU network model to identify the load. The reliability of the method is verified by the rod balance test platform. The results show that the method can effectively reduce the influence of interference signal, and the relative error between the identified load and the real load is about 2%. At the same time, the identification results of the method are compared with those of the mean value method, which further verifies the accuracy of the proposed method.
Enhancing tribological performance of AISI 52100: the role of laser surface texturing in dry and lubricated conditions
Authors: Turali Narayana , Saleem Shahid , Muddada Venkatesh , Naik Deepak Kumar , Sreeramulu Dowluru , Duppala Azad , Dilawar Mohammed , Radha Kalyani
Published: October 2024

Laser surface texturing (LST) is a valuable technique in surface engineering that offers significant improvements in the tribological behavior of metals and alloys. This study investigates the synergistic effect of incorporating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as a solid lubricant with laser surface texturing on the tribological performance of AISI 52100. Dimple textures with varying pitch distances (100, 150, and 200 μm) were created on the surfaces of the mentioned materials using LST. The friction coefficient and wear behavior of both non-textured surface (NTS) and textured surfaces (TS) were analyzed under dry sliding (DS) and lubricating sliding (LS) conditions. Wear tests were conducted using a universal tribometer under a load of 10 N, a sliding frequency of 10 Hz, and a sliding time of 1250 s. The results demonstrate that the presence of dimple textures significantly influences the tribological behavior of the materials. In DS, the wear coefficient exhibits a significant reduction compared to NTS, with decreases of 88.1% for TSP-100, 28.5% for TSP-150, and 76.1% for TSP-200. In LS, the TSP-L-100 (h-BN NPS) surface demonstrates the lowest average wear coefficient among all textured surfaces. Specifically, the TSP-L-100 surface shows a remarkable 97.61% reduction in average wear coefficient compared to NTS. This study demonstrates the potential of LST combined with h-BN as a solid lubricant in improving the tribological properties of metals, offering valuable insights for surface engineering applications in various industries.
Competing holes in open dynamical systems
Authors: Della Corte A. , Farotti M. , Rodríguez Martín S.
Published: October 2024

We consider open dynamical systems defined on compact metric spaces with multiple shrinking holes. We study the points which are indecisive, i.e. change infinitely many times the escape hole as the holes shrink. We prove that, for transitive homeomorphisms, complete indecisiveness is generic. We provide examples of applications of the results.
Internal and external modulation of parieto-premotor circuitry in movement disorders
Authors: Meppelink Anne Marthe , de Jong Bauke M , Beudel Martijn
Published: October 2024

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Increased beta synchronization underlies perception-action hyperbinding in functional movement disorders’, by Pastötter et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcae301).
Axonal damage and inflammation response are biological correlates of decline in small-world values: a cohort study in autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Vermunt Lisa , Sutphen Courtney L , Dicks Ellen , de Leeuw Diederick M , Allegri Ricardo F , Berman Sarah B , Cash David M , Chhatwal Jasmeer P , Cruchaga Carlos , Day Gregory S , Ewers Michael , Farlow Martin R , Fox Nick C , Ghetti Bernardino , Graff-Radford Neill R , Hassenstab Jason , Jucker Mathias , Karch Celeste M , Kuhle Jens , Laske Christoph , Levin Johannes , Masters Colin L , McDade Eric , Mori Hiroshi , Morris John C , Perrin Richard J , Preische Oliver , Schofield Peter R , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Xiong Chengjie , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E , Visser Pieter Jelle , Bateman Randall J , Benzinger Tammie L S , Fagan Anne M , Gordon Brian A , Tijms Betty M
Published: October 2024

The grey matter of the brain develops and declines in coordinated patterns during the lifespan. Such covariation patterns of grey matter structure can be quantified as grey matter networks, which can be measured with magnetic resonance imaging. In Alzheimer’s disease, the global organization of grey matter networks becomes more random, which is captured by a decline in the small-world coefficient. Such decline in the small-world value has been robustly associated with cognitive decline across clinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease. The biological mechanisms causing this decline in small-world values remain unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein biomarkers are available for studying diverse pathological mechanisms in humans and can provide insight into decline. We investigated the relationships between 10 CSF proteins and small-world coefficient in mutation carriers (N = 219) and non-carriers (N = 136) of the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Observational study. Abnormalities in Amyloid beta, Tau, synaptic (Synaptosome associated protein-25, Neurogranin) and neuronal calcium-sensor protein (Visinin-like protein-1) preceded loss of small-world coefficient by several years, while increased levels in CSF markers for inflammation (Chitinase-3-like protein 1) and axonal injury (Neurofilament light) co-occurred with decreasing small-world values. This suggests that axonal loss and inflammation play a role in structural grey matter network changes.
Senescent CD8+ T cells: a novel risk factor in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Xiang , Bao Yangyang , Zhang Ning , Lin Changjian , Xie Yun , Wei Yue , Luo Qingzhi , Liu Jingmeng , Sha Zimo , Wu Guanhua , Zhou Taojie , Chen Qiujing , Ling Tianyou , Pan Wenqi , Lu Lin , Wu Liqun , Dai Yang , Jin Qi
Published: October 2024

Aims

Immune cell alterations may play a role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Our objective was to comprehensively characterize immune cells in AF, and investigate the potential mechanisms.

Methods and results

Single-cell RNA sequencing and multicolour flow cytometry revealed that T cells constituted the most significant subset alterations in AF, and senescent CD8+ T cells were AF-associated subset. Senescent CD8+ T cells increased in both peripheral veins (P < 0.0001) and the left atria (P < 0.05) in patients with AF compared to non-AF control. Senescent CD8+ T cells were independently associated with AF prevalence (odds ratio = 2.876, P < 0.05) and postprocedural recurrence (hazard ratio = 22.955, P < 0.0001) using a cross-sectional study and a subsequent prospective cohort study. Senescent CD8+ T cells secreted an increased amount of interferon (IFN)-γ, which induces Ca2+ handling abnormalities in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes, and translated into an increased susceptibility to AF assessed by heart optical mapping.

Conclusions

An increased amount of senescent CD8+ T cells may be a hallmark of the immune senescence phenotype in AF and potentially serve as a valid biomarker for assessing prevalence and postprocedural recurrence of AF. By connecting immune senescence with electrophysiological disturbances in AF, this research provides a potential mechanism for the involvement of senescent CD8+ T cells in proarrhythmic calcium disorders and suggests novel avenues for developing new immune-modulatory and senolytic therapies for AF.
Interoperable and scalable echosounder data processing with Echopype
Authors: Lee Wu-Jung , Setiawan Landung , Tuguinay Caesar , Mayorga Emilio , Staneva Valentina
Published: October 2024

Echosounders are high-frequency sonar systems used to sense fish and zooplankton underwater. Their deployment on a variety of ocean observing platforms is generating vast amounts of data at an unprecedented speed from the oceans. Efficient and integrative analysis of these data, whether across different echosounder instruments or in combination with other oceanographic datasets, is crucial for understanding marine ecosystem response to the rapidly changing climate. Here we present Echopype, an open-source Python software library designed to address this need. By standardizing data as labeled, multi-dimensional arrays encoded in the widely embraced netCDF data model following a community convention, Echopype enhances the interoperability of echosounder data, making it easier to explore and use. By leveraging scientific Python libraries optimized for distributed computing, Echopype achieves computational scalability, enabling efficient processing in both local and cloud computing environments. Echopype’s modularized package structure further provides a unified framework for expanding support for additional instrument raw data formats and incorporating new analysis functionalities. We plan to continue developing Echopype by supporting and collaborating with the echosounder user community, and envision that the growth of this package will catalyze the integration of echosounder data into broader regional and global ocean observation strategies.
The flyway construct and assessment of offshore wind farm impacts on migratory marine fauna
Authors: Secor David H , O'Brien Michael H P , Bailey Helen
Published: October 2024

The flyway construct was developed in the 1930s to protect networks of bird stopover habitats along annual migration circuits. Here flyway is conceived as a quantifiable vector, a construct of the seasonal velocity and the geographic route taken among networked habitats, generalizable among marine migratory animals, and a way forward in assessing regional offshore wind (OW) development impacts. OW development in the South and East China Sea, North Sea, and US Mid-Atlantic Bight will result in thousands of offshore wind turbines that transect coastal and shelf flyways, not only for birds but also for fishes, sea turtles, and marine mammals. With increased capacity to fully measure the extent and dynamics of migrations through electronic tracking and observing systems, avian-like behaviors are apparent for whales, turtles, and fishes, such as stopover behaviors, migration synchrony, and partial migration. Modeled northwest Atlantic flyways (migration vectors) for northern gannets, striped bass, and North Atlantic right whale quantified seasonal speed, persistence, and variance during seasonal migration phases. From these flyway models, a series of flyway metrics are proposed that lend themselves to hypothesis-testing, dynamic habitat models, and before–after impact assessment. The flyway approach represents a departure from current impact designs, which are dominated by local OW farm studies and, at regional dimensions, survey-based (Eulerian) data structures (overlap models). As a next step, we encourage colleagues to develop flyway databases and test flyway hypotheses for model species.
Trends, Age-Period-Cohort Effects, and Projections in the Incidence and Mortality of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/AIDS Among the Elderly in China
Authors: Chen Jinwei , Chang Yikun , Wu Yueqian , Tang Hui , Wu Gonghua , Sun Jie , Wang Pengyu , Hao Yuantao , Zhang Wangjian , Du Zhicheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS among elderly persons presents a new public health challenge in China. We aimed to explore historical trends (2004–2018) and project the future (2019–2030) burden of HIV/AIDS incidence and mortality among the elderly in China.

Methods

We utilized data from the Data Center of China Public Health Science database on HIV/AIDS incidence and mortality, employing the Bayesian age-period-cohort model to reveal the age-period-cohort effect in the HIV/AIDS burden, and projecting the incidence and mortality rates up to 2030.

Results

From 2004 to 2018, HIV/AIDS incidence rates increased from 0.56 to 20.78 per 100 000 for men and 0.28 to 7.84 per 100 000 for women. The mortality rates also increased in both sexes. We observed the highest age effect in incidence among men aged 70–74 years and women aged 55–59 years, with the effect estimates being 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], −.10 to .13) and 0.46 (95% CI, .35–.57), respectively. Similar sex disparities were observed for mortality, with the highest age effect observed in men aged 75–79 years and women aged 50–54 years. However, no significant disparities were found between men and women in the period and cohort effects. By 2030, the incidence rates were projected to be 96.25 per 100 000 in men and 44.90 per 100 000 in women, while the mortality rates were projected to be 48.27 and 13.67 per 100 000, respectively.

Conclusions

HIV/AIDS incidence and mortality rates rose notably among the elderly in China and are expected to keep increasing in the coming decades. Rates were consistently higher in men than in women. Tailored interventions for older men are crucial.
Multidrug-resistant organism bloodstream infections in solid organ transplant recipients and impact on mortality: a systematic review
Authors: Liu Alice J , Dennis Adelaide S M , Fariha Zarin , Pai Mangalore Rekha , Macesic Nenad
Published: October 2024

Background

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. There are few data regarding the contribution of MDR organisms (MDROs) to these infections. We evaluated the resistance percentage of MDRO BSIs in SOT recipients and the associated mortality.

Methods

A systematic review of MEDLINE and Embase databases up to January 2024, for studies of adult SOT recipients that quantified MDRO BSI resistance percentage and/or associated crude mortality. MDROs studied were carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCR-E), MRSA and VRE. Resistance percentage and mortality outcomes were reported as median (IQR) and crude mortality (%), respectively.

Results

Of 945 studies identified, 52 were included. Most were retrospective (41/52) and/or single centre (37/52), and liver transplantation was the most frequently studied SOT type (22/52). High resistance percentages of BSIs were noted, ranging from 13.6% CRE for Enterobacterales to 59.2% CRAB for A. baumannii. Resistance percentage trends decreased over time, but these changes were not statistically significant. Asia had the highest resistance percentages for MRSA [86.2% (IQR 77.3%–94.6%)], 3GCR-E [59.5% (IQR 40.5%–66.7%)] and CRE [35.7% (IQR 8.3%–63.1%)]. North America had the highest VRE resistance percentages [77.7% (IQR 54.6%–94.7%)]. Crude mortality was 15.4%–82.4% and was consistently higher than for non-MDRO BSIs.

Conclusions

MDRO BSI resistance percentages were high for all pathogens studied (IQR 24.6%–69.4%) but there was geographical and temporal heterogeneity. MDRO BSIs were associated with high mortality in SOT recipients. Microbiological and clinical data in this vulnerable population were incomplete, highlighting the need for robust international multicentre studies.
Improving the Measurement of Gender in Surveys: Effects of Categorical Versus Open-Ended Response Formats on Measurement and Data Quality Among College Students
Authors: Garbarski Dana , Dykema Jennifer , Yonker James A , Bae Rosie Eungyuhl , Rosenfeld Rachel A
Published: October 2024

While researchers have some recommendations for measuring gender identity in surveys based on research and other sources that are summarized in a series of working group and panel reports, we continue to refine our understanding and practices. Gender identity is usually measured in surveys using a categorical selection response format with a small number of response options (e.g., “female,” “male,” “nonbinary”) and an open text response field to capture additional responses (“not listed, please tell us”). There is limited research guiding researchers on the use of other response formats. This study reports results from a between-subjects experiment embedded in a campus climate survey about university students’ attitudes about their campus and their behaviors and experiences related to inclusion and belonging at a large Midwestern university in 2021. Over 13,000 students were asked “What is your gender?” and subsequently randomly assigned to respond using either a categorical selection response format or an open response format (i.e., a place to specify their gender with no response options listed). We examine the distribution of responses, item nonresponse, response times, and concurrent validity (in terms of the association between gender and relevant survey outcomes) across the two response formats. Findings indicate the categorical selection response format is preferred for this population. While results show similar distributions in the categorization of responses across the formats and similar relationships with other survey outcomes, the selection format is associated with less item nonresponse and shorter response times.