bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special Feature: Sports & Exercise Medicine
Authors: Harvey-Kelly K F , Kanakaris N K , Obakponovwe O , West R , Roberts C S , Giannoudis P V
Published: February 2021

Background

Pelvic fractures (PFX) reflect high-energy trauma with high mortality and morbidity.

Aim

We attempted to determine: whether there is a decrease in levels of sporting and physical activity in patients with operatively-treated PFX; risk factors for decreased sporting activity; any correlation between sporting activity and quality of life in this group.

Methods

Retrospective demographics on mechanism of injury, fracture type, associated injury and injury severity score, as well as prospective documentation of the level and frequency of sporting activity, were collected from adult patients treated operatively for a PFX between 2007 and 2010, using a specifically designed questionnaire. Quality of life before and after injury was also recorded using the EuroQol-5D health-outcome tool.

Results

80 patients without pre-existing musculoskeletal disability were enrolled. The mean age was 44.9 years (18-65). The mean follow-up was 30.5 months (12-39). A decrease in level and frequency of sporting activity was observed. It was associated with lower-extremity associated injuries, but not with injury severity score, PFX severity, PFX type, age, or timing of follow-up. Sporting activity before injury predicted higher levels of sporting participation after injury. Decreased sporting activity after injury was associated with decreased EuroQol-5D score.

Conclusions

Patients should be counselled on the likelihood of a reduction in sporting activities after surgically treated PFX. A larger multi-centre study is needed to further expand on the evidence of the true impact of PFX and its associated injuries on sporting activity.
Maritime in transit care
Authors: Bott G , Barnard J , Prior K
Published: February 2021

Operation GRITROCK saw the first operational deployment of the Maritime In Transit Care team from the Role 2 (Enhanced) (R2(E)) Medical Treatment Facility, which is able to provide Damage Control Surgery and the limited holding of patients, situated on board RFA ARGUS. Whilst the Medical Emergency Response Team demonstrated the capability of advanced military Pre-Hospital Emergency Care (PHEC) on Op HERRICK, the need to provide a similar high level of care on contingency operations was recognised. Op GRITROCK allowed for the continued exploration of a maritime capability from an established R2(E) platform whilst providing medical evacuation capability for a significant population at risk distributed over a large Joint Operation Area. Although the patient load during the operation was low, key lessons were learnt and opportunities identified to further develop the newly recognised sub-speciality of PHEC, both medically and logistically, and these will be discussed in this article.
The management of acute seizures in Naval Service personnel
Authors: McLellan M , Freshwater DA
Published: February 2021

Seizures are a relatively common Emergency Department (ED) presentation among young adult populations, considered for the purpose of this report as being aged 15-59. Due to the varied aetiologies involved, understanding of the potential causes and their presentation is key to managing these patients. Although seizure incidence within the United Kingdom (UK) Armed Forces population is generally low, it is not negligible. Therefore, awareness of the initial management is required by all those involved in patient care from the Medical Assistant (MA) at the Role 1 facility, through to the senior doctors at Role 3 establishments.

All management should be in line with the Clinical Guidelines for Operations (CGOs) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) principles, with resuscitation, seizure control and patient stabilisation taking precedence initially. Ultimately, the use of laboratory testing and imaging at a Role 3 setting will be required to accurately confirm a diagnosis. Information obtained during these assessments may serve to assist the Naval Service Medical Board of Survey (NSMBOS) in determining suitability for continued Service retention and employment.
Lower limb stress fractures in military training
Authors: Wood AM , Porter A
Published: February 2021

This article describes stress fractures that are seen in military training, and reviews the relevant literature. The information is vital for medical personnel who work with the United Kingdom (UK) Armed Forces, particularly those working in training establishments. The author suggests areas for further research and discusses some of the issues in current UK Armed Forces training.
Recent changes in hypoxia training at the Royal Air Force Centre of Aviation Medicine
Authors: Wrigley A
Published: February 2021

Hypoxia training at the Royal Air Force Centre of Aviation Medicine (RAF CAM) has traditionally involved the use of a hypobaric chamber to induce hypoxia. While giving the student experience of both hypoxia and decompression, hypobaric chamber training is not without risks such as decompression sickness and barotrauma. This article describes the new system for hypoxia training known as Scenario-Based Hypoxia Training (SBHT), which involves the subject sitting in an aircraft simulator and wearing a mask linked by hose to a Reduced Oxygen Breathing Device (ROBD). The occupational requirements to be declared fit for this new training method are also discussed.
The interpretation and management of abnormal liver function tests
Authors: Simpson MA , Freshwater DA
Published: February 2021

Liver function tests (LFTs) are frequently requested as part of routine health assessments on serving members of the Royal Navy (RN). In common with many investigations there are a number of abnormal results in healthy individuals (0.5 - 9% depending on test and study population). There are established patterns of LFT derangement such as cholestatic derangement, hepatocellular derangement, and failure of synthetic function. There can be indicators to the cause of the derangement by assessing the ratios of elevated assays in relation to one another. This article aims to address the definition, potential causes and further investigation of common patterns of LFT derangement found in primary care in the RN.
Hepatitis B infection following deployment to Angola
Authors: Croft A M , Ollerton J E , Fear N T
Published: February 2021

We describe the clinical illness and longterm follow up of two British personnel who acquired hepatitis B infection during a 3-month UN mission to Angola. Medical officers need to be familiar with this viral illness, which may present in military personnel after any exercise in or deployment to the tropics or subtropics.
The influence of military threats on the design and use of the Royal Naval Hospital Haslar
Authors: Buxton P J
Published: February 2021

The twin demands of the medical and security requirements influenced the original design of RNH Haslar. Over time the structure was altered to accommodate changes in the military threat and these changes can be identified from original plans and the extant structures. The use of spatial analysis, through the use of justified access graphs, can provide insights into the way the building was used and how it influenced the relationships between the staff and the patients.
Surgeon Captain Sheldon F Dudley and the person to person spread of brucellosis by inhalation
Authors: Wyatt H V
Published: February 2021

Analysis of brucellosis epidemics in ships of the Mediterranean fleet in the nineteenth century are most easily explained by aerosol transmission in grossly overcrowded, hot and humid confined spaces.
The management of open globe eye injuries: a discussion of the classification, diagnosis and management of open globe eye injuries
Authors: Ritson J E , Welch J
Published: February 2021

Eye injuries occurred in 10% of UK military major trauma cases in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2004 and 2008, with 33% of these eye injuries open globe in nature(1). This article will consider the diagnosis, classification and management of open globe injuries in the role 1/ pre-hospital environment.
Laboratory support to Role 2 Afloat
Authors: Banks L
Published: February 2021

This article outlines the personal experiences of a biomedical scientist who recently deployed as a member of the Role 2 Afloat
team on Exercise INTREPID DEFENDER. The laboratory support for the different departments is described and the provision of blood products available to Role 2 Afloat is outlined.
Ocean enemy’s lasting sting: chronic cutaneous reaction after Cnidarian attack
Authors: Naumann D , Hejmadi R K , Evriviades D
Published: February 2021

Cnidaria stings cause a wide range of cutaneous and systemic symptoms, normally occurring shortly after the venomous insult (1). We report a case of worsening cutaneous reaction over an eight-year period following a Cnidaria attack sustained whilst maritime swimming. The lesion was characterised by severe, ulcerating chronic inflammation that required wide local excision and skin grafting. Prevention and early identification of Cnidaria envenomation is important for those treating maritime swimmers.
An invisible enemy: Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Staphylococcus Aureus on deployed troops
Authors: Johnstone P , Matheson AS
Published: February 2021

Over the last seven years Primary Care establishments in the Royal Navy and Royal Marines have dealt with a number of severe and fatal infections caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) producing Staphylococcus aureus, and appear to be seeing these infections more commonly than their civilian colleagues. This retrospective study looked at the levels of PVL S. aureus isolated in deployed personnel during Op HERRICK 14 to determine if the levels seen in British military troops are higher than the national average. We found that the percentage of PVL positive S. aureus isolates sent to the UK HPA reference laboratory from the Camp Bastion laboratory during OP Herrick 14 was 41%, considerably higher rate than the UK civilian rate. Future research, including a larger study into the carriage levels of PVL S. aureus in the military will hopefully shed more light on the spread and transmission of this potentially deadly bacterium.
Secondary prevention medication persistence and prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Zhang Lei , Shi Junfeng , Pan Yuesong , Li Zixiao , Yan Hongyi , Liu Chelsea , Lv Wei , Meng Xia , Wang Yongjun
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The risk of disability and mortality is high among recurrent stroke, which highlights the importance of secondary prevention measures. We aim to evaluate medication persistence for secondary prevention and the prognosis of acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) in China.

Methods

Patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA from the China National Stroke Registry II were divided into 3 groups based on the percentage of persistence in secondary prevention medication classes from discharge to 3 months after onset (level I: persistence=0%, level II: 0%<persistence<100%, level III: persistence=100%). The primary outcome was recurrent stroke. The secondary outcomes included composite events (stroke, myocardial infarction or death from cardiovascular cause), all-cause death and disability (modified Rankin Scale score=3–5) from 3 months to 1 year after onset. Recurrent stroke, composite events and all-cause death were performed using Cox regression model, and disability was identified through logistic regression model using the generalised estimating equation method.

Results

18 344 patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA were included, 315 (1.7%) of whom experienced recurrent strokes. Compared with level I, the adjusted HR of recurrent stroke for level II was 0.41 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.54) and level III 0.37 (0.28 to 0.48); composite events for level II 0.41 (0.32 to 0.53) and level III 0.38 (0.30 to 0.49); all-cause death for level II 0.28 (0.23 to 0.35) and level III 0.20 (0.16–0.24). Compared with level I, the adjusted OR of disability for level II was 0.89 (0.77 to 1.03) and level III 0.82 (0.72 to 0.93).

Conclusions

Persistence in secondary prevention medications, especially in all classes of medications prescribed by the physician, was associated with lower hazard of recurrent stroke, composite events, all-cause death and lower odds of disability in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or TIA.
Body mass index and clinical outcomes in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage: results from the China Stroke Center Alliance
Authors: Cao Zhentang , Liu Xinmin , Li Zixiao , Gu Hongqiu , Jiang Yingyu , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yongjun
Published: February 2021

Background and aim

Obesity paradox has aroused increasing concern in recent years. However, impact of obesity on outcomes in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate association of body mass index (BMI) with in-hospital mortality, complications and discharge disposition in ICH.

Methods

Data were from 85 705 ICH enrolled in the China Stroke Center Alliance study. Patients were divided into four groups: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese according to Asian-Pacific criteria. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes included non-routine discharge disposition and in-hospital complications. Discharge to graded II or III hospital, community hospital or rehabilitation facilities was considered non-routine disposition. Multivariable logistic regression analysed association of BMI with outcomes.

Results

82 789 patients with ICH were included in the final analysis. Underweight (OR=2.057, 95% CI 1.193 to 3.550) patients had higher odds of in-hospital mortality than those with normal weight after adjusting for covariates, but no significant difference was observed for patients who were overweight or obese. No significant association was found between BMI and non-disposition. Underweight was associated with increased odds of several complications, including pneumonia (OR 1.343, 95% CI 1.138 to 1.584), poor swallow function (OR 1.351, 95% CI 1.122 to 1.628) and urinary tract infection (OR 1.532, 95% CI 1.064 to 2.204). Moreover, obese patients had higher odds of haematoma expansion (OR 1.326, 95% CI 1.168 to 1.504), deep vein thrombosis (OR 1.506, 95% CI 1.165 to 1.947) and gastrointestinal bleeding (OR 1.257, 95% CI 1.027 to 1.539).

Conclusions

In patients with ICH, being underweight was associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Being underweight and obese can both increased risk of in-hospital complications compared with having normal weight.
Renormalized Schwinger–Dyson functional
Authors: Guadagnini Enore , Urso Vittoria
Published: February 2021

We consider the perturbative renormalization of the Schwinger–Dyson functional, which is the generating functional of the expectation values of the products of the composite operator given by the field derivative of the action. It is argued that this functional plays an important role in the topological Chern–Simons and BF quantum field theories. It is shown that, by means of the renormalized perturbation theory, a canonical renormalization procedure for the Schwinger–Dyson functional is obtained. The combinatoric structure of the Feynman diagrams is illustrated in the case of scalar models. For the Chern–Simons and the BF gauge theories, the relationship between the renormalized Schwinger–Dyson functional and the generating functional of the correlation functions of the gauge fields is produced.
Quintessential inflation for exponential type potentials: scaling and tracker behavior
Authors: Aresté Saló Llibert , Haro Jaume
Published: February 2021

We will show that for exponential type potentials of the form $$V(\varphi )\sim e^{-\gamma \varphi ^n/M_{pl}^n}$$

V

(
φ
)

∼

e

-
γ

φ
n

/

M

pl

n

, which are used to depict quintessential inflation, the solutions whose initial conditions take place during the slow roll phase in order to describe correctly the inflationary period, do not belong for large values of the parameter n to the basin of attraction of the scaling solution – a solution of the scalar field equation whose energy density scale as the one of the fluid component of the universe during radiation or the matter domination period –, meaning that a late time mechanism to exit this behavior and depict correctly the current cosmic acceleration is not needed. However, in such cases, namely n large enough, these potentials cannot correctly depict the current cosmic acceleration. This is the reason why the potential must be improved introducing another parameter -as the one in the well-known Peebles–Vilenkin quintessential inflation model, which depends on two parameters, one to describe inflation and the other one to correctly depict the present accelerated evolution – able to deal with the late time acceleration of our universe.
The rhythms of the night: increase in online night activity and emotional resilience during the spring 2020 Covid-19 lockdown
Authors: Castaldo Maria , Venturini Tommaso , Frasca Paolo , Gargiulo Floriana
Published: February 2021

Context

The lockdown orders established in multiple countries in response to the Covid-19 pandemic are arguably one of the most widespread and deepest shock experienced by societies in recent years. Studying their impact trough the lens of social media offers an unprecedented opportunity to understand the susceptibility and the resilience of human activity patterns to large-scale exogenous shocks. Firstly, we investigate the changes that this upheaval has caused in online activity in terms of time spent online, themes and emotion shared on the platforms, and rhythms of content consumption. Secondly, we examine the resilience of certain platform characteristics, such as the daily rhythms of emotion expression.

Data

Two independent datasets about the French cyberspace: a fine-grained temporal record of almost 100 thousand YouTube videos and a collection of 8 million Tweets between February 17 and April 14, 2020.

Findings

In both datasets we observe a reshaping of the circadian rhythms with an increase of night activity during the lockdown. The analysis of the videos and tweets published during lockdown shows a general decrease in emotional contents and a shift from themes like work and money to themes like death and safety. However, the daily patterns of emotions remain mostly unchanged, thereby suggesting that emotional cycles are resilient to exogenous shocks.
Sensitivity to invisible scalar decays at CLIC
Authors: Mekala K. , Zarnecki A. F. , Grzadkowski B. , Iglicki M.
Published: February 2021

We studied the possibility of constraining production of new scalar particles at CLIC running at 380 GeV and 1.5 TeV, assuming the associated production of Higgs-like neutral scalar with $$\mathrm{Z}{}{} $$

Z

boson and its invisible decays. The analysis is based on the Whizard event generation and fast simulation of the CLIC detector response with Delphes. We considered $${\mathrm{e}{}{}}^{+} {\mathrm{e}{}{}}^{-} $$

e

+

e

-

background processes but also relevant $$\upgamma {}{} \upgamma {}{} $$

γ

γ

and $$\upgamma {}{} \mathrm{e}{}{} ^{\pm }$$

γ

e

±

interactions. The approach consisting of a two-step analysis was used to optimise separation between signal and background processes. First, a set of preselection cuts was applied; then, multivariate analysis methods were employed to optimise the significance of observations. We first estimated the expected limits on the invisible decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, which were then extended to the cross section limits for production of an additional neutral scalar, assuming its invisible decays, as a function of its mass. Extracted model-independent branching ratio and cross section limits were then interpreted in the framework of the Higgs-portal models to set limits on the mixing angle between the SM-like Higgs boson and the new scalar of the “dark sector”.
A More Reasonable Proof of Cobham’s Theorem
Authors: Krebs Thijmen J. P.
Published: February 2021

We present a short proof of Cobham’s theorem without using Kronecker’s approximation theorem, making it suitable for generalization beyond automatic sequences.
Deformed higher rank Heisenberg-Virasoro algebras
Authors: Xu Chengkang
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we study a class of infinitesimal deformations of the centerless higher rank Heisenberg–Virasoro algebras. Explicitly, the universal central extensions, derivations and isomorphism classes of these algebras are determined.
Geometrically Nonlinear Electromechanical Instability of FG Nanobeams by Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory
Authors: Hosseini S. M. J. , Torabi J. , Ansari R. , Zabihi A.
Published: February 2021

This paper is concerned with studying the size-dependent nonlinear dynamic pull-in instability and vibration of functionally graded Euler–Bernoulli nanobeams (FG-EBNs) with the von Kármán hypothesis based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory (NLSGT). To this end, the partial differential equation (PDE) is developed by Hamilton’s principle considering the intermolecular, fringing field and electrostatic nonlinear forces. Then, the Galerkin method (GM) is utilized to acquire the ordinary differential equation (ODE) and the results are obtained with the help of an analytical approach called the homotopy analysis method (HAM). To verify the outcome of this study, the nonlinear and linear frequencies obtained are compared with those of the literature. Consequently, the pull-in voltage of the FG nanobeam is obtained and the variations of nonlinear and linear frequencies are discussed in detail. Also, the effects of initial amplitude, electrostatic force, length scale, nonlocal parameter, material gradient index and boundary condition (BC) on the electromechanical behavior of FG-EBNs are analyzed with the results commented.
Brain Storm Water Optimisation-Driven Secure Multicast Routing and Route Maintenance in IoT
Authors: John Jacob , Sakthivel S.
Published: February 2021

In several Internet of Things (IoT) applications, messages are disseminated to some objects or nodes based on multicast transmissions. However, previous multicast routing schemes in IoT focussed mainly on the ad-hoc sensor network, but they are not robust and responsive in the IoT environment. Hence, this paper introduces the multicast routing protocol based on the proposed optimisation algorithm, named Brain Storm Water Optimisation (BSWO), in the IoT network. By the multicast routing protocol, the multicast path is designed from a multicast source node to various destinations. The multicast source node forwards packet to multiple destinations simultaneously. Initially, the nodes in the IoT network are simulated together and perform the multicast routing process effectively using the proposed optimisation framework. The multicast routing protocol performs the multicast routing mechanism using the multiobjective factors, such as distance, delay, energy, link-quality factor and trust. The multicast routing path is effectively chosen based on the developed BSWO through fitness measures. The proposed BSWO is designed by integrating the Brain Storm Optimisation (BSO) and Water Wave Optimisation (WWO), respectively. The path with the minimum distance is selected as an optimal path using the fitness parameters like delay, distance, trust, energy and link-quality factor. The proposed optimisation algorithm effectively performs the multicast routing mechanism by integrating the parametric features from both the optimisation algorithms. Once the multicast routing mechanism is done, the route maintenance process is carried out in the simulated IoT network to recover the link breakage. The proposed BSWO outperformed other methods with the minimal delay of 0.0682[Formula: see text]s, minimal average routing distance of 178.4[Formula: see text]m, maximal energy of 39.59[Formula: see text]J, maximal throughput of 87.75% and maximal trust of 90%, respectively.
Velocity Optimization of Pure Electric Vehicles with Traffic Dynamics and Driving Safety Considerations
Authors: Kang Liuwang , Sarker Ankur , Shen Haiying
Published: February 2021

As Electric Vehicles (EVs) become increasingly popular, their battery-related problems (e.g., short driving range and heavy battery weight) must be resolved as soon as possible. Velocity optimization of EVs to minimize energy consumption in driving is an effective alternative to handle these problems. However, previous velocity optimization methods assume that vehicles will pass through traffic lights immediately at green traffic signals. Actually, a vehicle may still experience a delay to pass a green traffic light due to a vehicle waiting queue in front of the traffic light. Also, as velocity optimization is for individual vehicles, previous methods cannot avoid rear-end collisions. That is, a vehicle following its optimal velocity profile may experience rear-end collisions with its frontal vehicle on the road. In this article, for the first time, we propose a velocity optimization system that enables EVs to immediately pass green traffic lights without delay and to avoid rear-end collisions to ensure driving safety when EVs follow optimal velocity profiles on the road. We collected real driving data on road sections of US-25 highway (with two driving lanes in each direction and relatively low traffic volume) to conduct extensive trace-driven simulation studies. Results show that our velocity optimization system reduces energy consumption by up to 17.5% compared with real driving patterns without increasing trip time. Also, it helps EVs to avoid possible collisions compared with existing collision avoidance methods.
Risks to the Public
Authors: Neumann Peter G.
Published: February 2021

Edited by PGN (Risks Forum Moderator, with contribu- tions by others as indicated. Opinions are individual rather than organizational, with usual disclaimers implied. We ad- dress problems relating to software, hardware, people, and other circumstances relevant to computer systems. Ref- erences (R i j) to the online Risks Forum denote RISKS vol i number j. Cited RISKS items generally identify contributors and sources, together with URLs. Official RISKS archives are available at www.risks.org, with nice html formatting and search engine courtesy of Lindsay Mar- shall at Newcastle:; http://catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks/i.j.html (also ftp://www.sri.com/risks). CACM Inside Risks: http://www.csl.sri.com/neumann/insiderisks.html

Mini-editorial (PGN)

This is now my 45th year with involvement in SEN. When can I quit? Sadly, the risks continue to be pervasive, and avoiding them is highly relevant to what principled software/system engineering should entail. We need ap- proaches to systems that consider trustworthiness as a col- lection of -ilities all of which can be critical, and which in many cases are intricately related; they cannot be solved in isolation. Trustworthiness requires reliablity, security, and much more especially when human safety is in- volved. And every system is likely to have critical aws that can be exploited or triggered accidentally. My Octo- ber 2020 CACM Inside Risks column, A Holistic View of Fu- ture Risks (http://www.csl.sri.com/neumann/cacm250.pdf) attempts to illustrate some of that. If you have not seen it, I would welcome some feedback.
Summary of the 2nd International Workshop on Bots in Software Engineering (BotSE 2020)
Authors: Shihab Emad , Wagner Stefan , Aurélio Gerosa Marco
Published: February 2021

Bots automate many tasks in software engineering projects often in the form of chatbots. Bots have been proposed, for example, for testing, maintenance, or automating bug fixes. Following the success of the first BotSE workshop, we organized this second edition collocated with ICSE 2020 to bring together the research community that investigates bots for software engineering. Specifically, the workshop's goal was to share experiences and challenges, discuss new types of bots, and map out future directions. The workshop program comprised the presentation of 8 papers and 2 keynotes, followed by extensive discussion. Overall, the community matured by discussing how to design, build, and evaluate bots. The community aims to organise a 3rd edition of the workshop. Website: http://botse.org/
Rapid Continuous Software Engineering - State of the Practice and Open Research Questions
Authors: Konersmann Marco , Fitzgerald Brian , Goedicke Michael , Holmström Olsson Helena , Bosch Jan , Krusche Stephan
Published: February 2021

We need to built software rapidly and with a high quality. These goals seem to be contradictory, but actually, implementing automation in build and deployment procedures as well as quality analysis can improve both the development pace and the resulting quality at the same time. Rapid Continuous Software Engineering describes novel software engineering approaches that focus on short release cycles, continuous deployment, delivery, and continuous improvement through rapid tool-assisted feedback to developers. To realize these approaches there is a need for research and innovation with respect to automation and tooling, and furthermore for research into the organizational changes that support high pace development. This paper reports on the results of the 6th International Workshop on Rapid Continuous Software Engineering (RCoSE 2020), which focuses on the challenges and potential solutions in the area of Rapid Continuous Software Engineering, before reporting on our discussions regarding the state of the practice and open research topics.
Fifth International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering (SEmotion2020)
Authors: Fucci Davide , Uwano Hidetake
Published: February 2021

A ective computing studies and develops both systems and de- vices to recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human a ect| i.e., the experience of feelings or emotions. Software engineering involves people in a broad range of activities (from requirements to validation) where personality, moods, and emotions play a crucial role. Recently, researchers have started to study the role of af- fective computing and a ective states in software engineering but contributions on this topic are presented and discussed in diverse conferences and workshops. The SEmotion workshop follows on the fourth edition held at ICSE 2019, towards the consolidation of an international, sustainable forum for researchers and practition- ers interested in the role of a ects in software engineering to meet, present, and discuss their work-in-progress. SEmotion showcases contributions about empirical methods for emotions detection in software engineering, theoretical models inspired by neighboring elds, as well as ad-hoc tools for supporting emotion awareness in software development. This paper presents and overview of the fth edition of the workshop.
IoT4Emergency
Authors: Dugdale Julie , Moghaddam Mahyar T. , Muccini Henry
Published: February 2021

The increasing natural and man-induced disasters such as res, earthquakes, oods, hurricanes, overcrowding, or pandemic viruses endanger human lives. Hence, designing infrastructures to handle those possible crises has become an ever-increasing need. The Internet of Things (IoT) has changed our approach to safety systems by connecting sensors and providing real-time data to managers, rescuers, and endangered people. IoT systems can monitor and react to progressive disasters, people's movements and their behavioral patterns. The community faces challenges in using IoT for crises management: i) how to take advantage of technological advancements and deal with IoT resources installation issues? ii) what environmental contexts should be considered while designing IoT-based emergency handling systems? iii) how should system design comply with various levels of real-time requirements? This paper reports on the results of the First International Workshop on Internet of Things for Emergency Management (IoT4Emergency 2020), which speci cally focuses on challenges and envisioned solutions in using smart connected systems to handle disasters.
Corrosion Behavior of High Nickel Alloys in Molten Nitrate Solar Salt
Authors: O’Neill Keenan , Karmiol Zachary , Groth John , Alves Helena , Chidambaram Dev
Published: February 2021

Electrochemical corrosion testing was used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of four different nickel-based alloys, namely UNS N06230, UNS N06025, UNS N06617, and UNS N06625, in a molten nitrate salt that is used as a heat transfer media and thermal energy storage material in solar-thermal power plants. The tests were conducted at 500 °C to simulate near-maximum service temperature in the 3:2 by weight sodium nitrate: potassium nitrate mixture. All tested samples had corrosion current densities on the order of 10−4 A cm−2 with corrosion potentials varying from −227 mV to −66.2 mV vs Pt. The tested samples exhibited low corrosion current density in the range of 0.225 mA cm−2 to 0.431 mA cm−2. The morphology of the samples surfaces was studied using scanning electron microscopy which showed the formation of a surface film on all samples. Cross-sectional analysis was performed using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. The surface chemistry was ascertained using energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Raman spectra paired with XPS suggested the formation of various nickel-chromium-iron spinels on UNS N06625. These results show that UNS N06625 has the potential to be a material for use in solar-thermal plants.
Thick ascending limb claudins are altered to increase calciuria and magnesiuria in metabolic acidosis
Authors: Oh Il Hwan , Jo Chor Ho , Kim Sua , Jo Sungsin , Chung Sungjin , Kim Gheun-Ho
Published: February 2021

This study found that the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop is involved in the mechanisms of hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria in metabolic acidosis. Specifically, expression of claudin-16/19 and claudin-14 was altered via up-regulation of calcium-sensing receptor in NH4Cl-induced metabolic acidosis. Our novel findings contribute to understanding the regulatory role of paracellular tight junction proteins in the thick ascending limb.
Activation of hypoxia-sensing pathways promotes renal ischemic preconditioning following myocardial infarction
Authors: Terker Andrew S. , Sasaki Kensuke , Arroyo Juan Pablo , Niu Aolei , Wang Suwan , Fan Xiaofeng , Zhang Yahua , Nwosisi Sochinweichi , Zhang Ming-Zhi , Harris Raymond C.
Published: February 2021

Experimental myocardial infarction (MI) protects from subsequent ischemic acute kidney injury but worsens chronic kidney injury. Observed protection from ischemic acute kidney injury after MI was accompanied by chronic kidney hypoxia and increased renal abundance of hypoxia-inducible transcripts. These data support the idea that MI confers protection from renal ischemic injury via chronic renal hypoxia and activation of downstream hypoxia-inducible signaling pathways.
p75NTR/proBDNF Modulates Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) Immune Microenvironment via Necroptosis Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lu Qingli , Qu Yuanyuan , Ding Yuan , Kang Xiaojing
Published: February 2021

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. While most of the basal cell carcinomas were localized lesion and can be easily managed, the treatment options to the advanced basal cell carcinomas are still remarkably limited. In recent years, proBDNF and its receptor p75NTR have been reported to play important roles in various diseases, including cancers and psychotic disorders. However, the role of p75NTR/proBDNF signaling in basal cell carcinoma remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression level of p75NTR/proBDNF was decreased in basal cell carcinoma patient samples and cell lines. In vitro study showed overexpression of p75NTR/proBDNF could significantly facilitate tumor cell death, including inflammatory-silent apoptosis and lytic inflammatory activated necroptosis. In vivo study showed overexpression of p75NTR/proBDNF dramatically promotes tumor-associated macrophage (M1) and T cell recruitment in a syngeneic mouse model of BCC. These results show a crucial role for p75NTR/proBDNF signaling in basal cell carcinoma immune microenvironment.
Abstract PO020: Approval for the proliferative marker Ki-67 as an integrated biomarker for endometrial cancer in NRG study GY011
Authors: Samuelson Megan I. , Filiaci Virginia , Carrick Kelley , KD Anand Rajan , Rodgers William H. , Thiel Kristina W. , Duska Linda R. , Leslie Kimberly K.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: NRG Study GY011 is a surgical window trial of medroxy-progesterone acetate (MPA) +/- entinostat (E), a histone deacetylase inhibitor hypothesized to upregulate PR levels through epigenetic modifications. The principal goal of this trial was to determine the impact of treatment on the level as well as the activity of progesterone receptors (PR) in women with endometrial cancer. However, a reliable marker for PR activity was needed, and the most promising choice was Ki-67. To be approved for inclusion in the study as an integrated biomarker, Ki-67 had to first undergo rigorous evaluation by the participating pathologists with oversight by the NIH Biomarker Review Committee. Methods: Fifty patients were enrolled on GY011, and specimen collection was planned by biopsy prior to receiving study drugs and by tissue sample at the time of the hysterectomy. There were 42 pre-drug administration specimens with tumor for analysis and 1 without and 43 hysterectomy specimens with tumor. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry performed on pre and post drug specimens was evaluated by three experienced reviewers (MS, KC and AR) using a qualitative approach, blinded to treatment arm. Pre and post-drug samples for each individual patient were compared and scored as increased, decreased, or unchanged. The Fleiss kappa statistic was chosen as the measure of concordance as it allows for more than two reviewers and more than two categories. Percent agreement and standard weighted kappa statistics were calculated for individual pairs of reviewers. Results: There was very good concordance between reviewers using the qualitative comparison of post to pre-drug Ki-67 staining with Fleiss’ Kappa of 0.91 and weighted Kappa’s ranging between 0.85 and 0.95. Reviewers 1 and 2 had the highest level of concordance. Reviewer agreement ranged from 0.92 to 0.98. The reviewer-specific (marginal) score distributions were similar. Each reviewer scored about 80% (79.5%-82.5%) of pairs as decreasing, with the remainder split similarly between no change (7.5%-10%) and increasing (10%-12.8%). Conclusion: Based upon the high concordance between reviewers, the NIH Biomarker Review Committee approved Ki-67 as an integrated biomarker for GY011, setting the stage for its use as an approved biomarker of therapeutic effectiveness in future endometrial cancer trials.

Citation Format: Megan I. Samuelson, Virginia Filiaci, Kelley Carrick, Anand Rajan KD, William H. Rodgers, Kristina W. Thiel, Linda R. Duska, Kimberly K. Leslie. Approval for the proliferative marker Ki-67 as an integrated biomarker for endometrial cancer in NRG study GY011 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference: Endometrial Cancer: New Biology Driving Research and Treatment; 2020 Nov 9-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(3_Suppl):Abstract nr PO020.
Cancer-related Beliefs and Preventive Health Practices among Residents of Rural versus Urban Counties in Alabama
Authors: Aly Salma , Daniel Casey L. , Bae Sejong , Scarinci Isabel C. , Hardy Claudia M. , Fouad Mona N. , Baskin Monica L. , Hoenemeyer Teri , Acemgil Aras , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy
Published: February 2021

Higher prevalence of cancer-related risk factors, for example, tobacco use, obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity, is observed in the U.S. Deep South and likely contributes to its increased cancer burden. While this region is largely rural, it is unknown whether cancer-related beliefs and lifestyle practices differ by rural–urban status or are more influenced by other factors. We contacted 5,633 Alabamians to complete a cross-sectional survey to discern cancer-related beliefs and lifestyle practices, and compared data from respondents residing in rural- versus urban-designated counties. Findings were summarized using descriptive statistics; rural–urban subgroups were compared using two-tailed, χ2 and t tests. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore associations by rural–urban status and other sociodemographic factors. Surveys were completed by 671 rural- and 183 urban-county respondents (15.2% response rate). Overall, the prevalence for overweight and obesity (77.8%) and sugar-sweetened beverage intake (273–364 calories/day) was higher than national levels. Most respondents (58%) endorsed raising the state tobacco tax. Respondents from rural- versus urban-designated counties were significantly more likely to be racial/ethnic minority, have lower education, employment, income, food security, and internet access, and endorse fatalistic cancer-related beliefs (<0.05; although regression models suggested that cancer belief differences are more strongly associated with education than counties of residence). Lifestyle practices were similar among rural–urban subgroups. Few rural–urban differences in cancer-related beliefs and lifestyle practices were found among survey respondents, although the high overall prevalence of fatalistic health beliefs and suboptimal lifestyle behaviors suggests a need for statewide cancer prevention campaigns and policies, including increased tobacco taxation.

Prevention Relevance: Cancer incidence and mortality are higher in the U.S. Deep South, likely due to increased tobacco-use, obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity. This study explores whether cancer-related beliefs and lifestyle practices differ by rural-urban status or other sociodemographic factors in a random sample of 855 residents across Alabama.
Acne Vulgaris Mimicking Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in an Adolescent: Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Sitohang Irma Bernadette S. , Rheza Agung Mohamad , Sirait Sondang P. , Fitri Eyleny Meisyah , Suseno Lis Surachmiati
Published: February 2021

Acne vulgaris is a chronic and self-limiting disorder of the pilosebaceous unit which is primarily seen in adolescents. Acne vulgaris presents as polymorphic lesions, consisting of comedones, papules, pustules, cysts, nodules, scarring, and dyspigmentation. Acneiform presentation of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is extremely rare. The presentation of CLE is notoriously diverse and often mimics a broad range of unrelated skin disorders. We present a case by referring to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); our patient’s conditions did not meet any of the clinical criteria of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) for SLE. Subsequent to thorough history-taking, physical examination, and laboratory evaluations, the diagnosis of acne vulgaris was established, and a diagnosis of CLE was excluded. As acneiform presentation of CLE is rare, we here present a case which resembled both acne vulgaris and CLE. We describe our experience in establishing the diagnosis of severe acne vulgaris accompanied by scars in a 12-year-old boy with a malar rash and scars on his frontal and malar area who had initially been misdiagnosed as having CLE. This unusual case highlights the broad spectrum of adolescent acne and the importance of clinical identification of the disease so that unnecessary workups might be avoided.
Worsening Renal Function during Index Hospitalization Does Not Predict Prognosis in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Patients
Authors: Rasalingam Ravi , Parker Rachel , Kurgansky Katherine E. , Djousse Luc , Gagnon David , Joseph Jacob
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Worsening renal function (WRF) predicts poor prognosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The effect of WRF in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is unclear. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether WRF during index hospitalization for HFpEF is associated with increased death or readmission for heart failure. Methods: National Veterans Affairs electronic medical data recorded between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2014, were screened to identify index hospitalizations for HFpEF using an iterative algorithm. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on changes in serum Cr (sCr) during this admission. WRF was defined as a rise in sCr ≥0.3 mg/dL. Group 1 had no evidence of WRF, group 2 had transient WRF, and group 3 had persistent WRF at the time of discharge. Results: A total of 10,902 patients with index hospitalizations for HFpEF were identified (mean age 72, 97% male). Twenty-nine percent had WRF during this hospital admission, with 48% showing recovery of sCr and 52% with no recovery at discharge. The mortality rate over a mean follow-up duration of 3.26 years was 72%. Compared to group 1, groups 2 and 3 showed no significant difference in risk of death from any cause (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87, 1.03] and 1.02 [95% CI: 0.93, 1.11], respectively), days hospitalized for any cause (incidence density ratio [IDR] = 1.01 [95% CI: 0.92, 1.11] and 1.01 [95% CI: 0.93, 1.11], respectively), or days hospitalized for heart failure (IDR = 0.94 [95% CI: 0.80, 1.10] and 0.94 [95% CI: 0.81, 1.09], respectively) in analyses adjusted for covariates affecting renal function and outcomes. Conclusions: While there is a high incidence of WRF during index hospitalizations for HFpEF, WRF is not associated with an increased risk of death or hospitalization. This suggests that WRF alone should not influence decisions regarding heart failure management.
Albumin Difference as a New Predictor of Postoperative Complications following Pancreatectomy
Authors: Shen Jian , Guo Feng , Sun Yan , Ren Dianyun , Zhao Jingyuan , Hu Jin , Zhang Yushun , Jin Xin , Wu Heshui
Published: February 2021

Background: Postoperative complications after pancreatectomy are a challenging problem due to their high incidence and serious consequences. The majority of studies have focused on a specific complication, but data on predictors of overall postoperative complications (OPCs) are limited. Methods: The data of patients who underwent pancreatectomy at a single institute between 2017 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate predictors of the outcomes of interest. The Clavien-Dindo classification and comprehensive complication index (CCI) were used to assess postoperative complications and the severity of postoperative complications. The relationship between predictors and the CCI was evaluated by linear regression. Results: A total of 490 patients were divided into a training group (n = 339) and a validation group (n = 151). The rate of OPCs was 44.25%. Fluid transfusion and albumin difference (AD) were predictors of OPCs. AD showed a good discrimination (AUC = 0.70) and good calibration in the validation cohort. AD was associated with complications, including pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, intra-abdominal infection, delayed gastric emptying, and re-intervention, and was positively correlated with complication severity. Intraoperative blood loss and preoperative albumin were independent predictors of AD. Conclusions: AD, a variable that reflects dynamic physiological changes is a new and accessible predictor of OPCs following pancreatectomy.