bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth Response of Edamame Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) with Application of Urea and Rhizobium Biofertilizer on Peat Soil Media
Authors: Sari Wita Purnama , Adriani Dewi Erika , Nisa Chatimatun
Published: July 2021

Edamame is a type of soybean that is consumed in an immature period. High demand for market exports especially to Japan, must be balanced by maximizing production with the use of marginal lands. One of marginal lands is peatland which might be used as growth media for edamame with Urea and Rhizobium biofertilizer application to support its growth. The recent study aimed at analyzing the combination of Urea and Rhizobium biofertilizer on the growth of edamame on peat soil media. The experiment was laid out in. Completely Randomized Design (CDR) with two factors. First factor was Urea dosage: p1 = 50 kg ha-1, p2 = 150 kg ha-1, p3 = 100 kg ha-1, p4 = 200 kg ha-1. The second factor was Rhizobium biofertilizer treatment: r0 = without Rhizobium biofertilizer and r1 = Rhizobium biofertilizer 8g kg-1 edamame seeds. All combination was repeated 3 times with 3 polybags of them, so that there were 72 plants in total. The results showed that there was a response between application of Urea and Rhizobium biofertilizer have a significant effect on the observed parameters, that is plant height (cm), number of trifoliate leaves (straind), shoot dry weight (g) and root dry weight (g). The result showed that the application of Urea 50 kg ha-1 with Rhizobium biofertilizer increased plant growth of edamame on peat soil.
 
Keywords: Biofertilizer, Edamame soybean, Fresh vegetable, Wetland
Effect of Fish Amino Acid Application on Growth and N-uptake in Plants Rice Using The System of Rice Intensification Method
Authors: Jumar Jumar , Saputra Riza Adrianoor , Jannah Siti Raudhatul
Published: July 2021

Rice is the main rice crop which is used as the staple food of most Indonesians. Rice production in Indonesia cannot be separated from inorganic fertilizers which have a bad impact on the environment, so it is necessary to carry out a revolution, one of which is the SRI method. The addition of FAA organic matter originating from fish sorted by fishermen which have no selling price is used as a substitute for inorganic fertilizers. This study aims to determine the effect of FAA application on growth and N uptake in rice plants using the SRI method and to determine the best dose of the effect of FAA application on growth and N uptake in rice plants using the SRI method. This research was conducted in December 2019 - April 2020 at the Greenhouse of the Agroecotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru. The design used was a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with treatment f0 (control / without FAA application), f1 (1 mL FAA / L), f2 (3 mL FAA / L), f3 (5 mL FAA / L) , and f4 (7 mL FAA / L). The treatment was repeated 5 times, to obtain 25 experimental units. Observation parameters in the study were plant height, number of tillers, and N uptake of rice leaves. The results showed that the application of FAA with a dose of 1 mL FAA / L was able to increase the height of rice plants by 5.5%, produced an average number of tillers of 14 tillers, and was able to increase nitrogen uptake by 9.6% in rice plant leaves.
DESIGNING A MODEL OF LEASING ACCOUNTING COVERAGE IN CROATIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY AND ITS OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Vlašić Dubravka
Published: July 2021

Model računovodstvenog obuhvaćanja lizinga izrađen je sukladno prednostima koje lizing predstavlja za hotelijerstvo kao i rastućoj potrebi za oblikovanim informacijama o lizingu za interne i eksterne korisnike. Ovaj model može poslužiti kao okvir za primjenu kod sličnih situacija u praksi.
DIE ROLLE DES NAUTISCHEN TOURISMUS IN DER TOURISMUS REPOSITIONIERUNG DES KOMITATS ISTRIEN
Authors: Gračan Daniela
Published: July 2021

In dem letzten Jehrzehnt hat sich Istrien zu einer führende touristische Destination profiliert mit dem Ziel, Istrien auf dem Tourismusmarkt im Ausland zu repositionieren. Trotz sämtlicher diesbezüglich aufgewandter Bemühungen zeigen die Untersuchungen, dass das Hauptmotiv für die Anreise der Touristen nach Istrien immer noch «Sonne und Meer» sind. Nur eine relativ geringe Zahl von Touristen kommt wegen anderen Attraktivitäten, wie z.B. wegen nautischem Tourismus. Das malerische Ufer von Istrien und eine Reihe von Orten, die von großem kulturellen und geschichtlichem Erbe zeugen, bieten ideale Voraussetzungen für die Entwicklung dieser Tourismusform - besonders in Richtung als Öffnung und Start in die Marktnische im Bereich des Sports, der Erholung und des Erlebnisurlaubes. Hauptkriterien zur Unterscheidung des nautischen Tourismus vom «allgemeinem Tourismus» sind sowohl der Aspekt der Rekreation, wie auch das Vergnügen beim «Erleben» einer touristischen Reise auf einem schiffbaren Verkehrsmittel zu Wasser. Mit dem nautischen Tourismus ist ein breiter Fächer von sportlich-rekreativen Aktivitäten auf dem Wasser (Segeln, Windsurfing, Tauchen, Wasserschifahren, Rüdem, Schwimmen in allen Disziplinen und ähnliches), wie auch auf dem Land verbunden. Es wird den Gästen eine Vielfalt von Aktivitäten geboten und zwar im direkten Einklang mit den Bedürfnissen des modernen Touristen. In den letzten drei Jahrzehnten zeigt der nautische Tourismus Charakteristiken sowohl einer der am meisten wachsenden touristischen Rekreationform wie auch des damit verbundenen touristischen Verkehrs auf, was wiederum den touristischen Destinationen wie Istrien eine grosse Möglichkeit des Wachstums gibt. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit der Durchführung einer Marktforschungsstudie im Bereich des nautischen Tourismus, um eine «stärkere» Eingliederung in das touristische Produkt Istrien zu ermöglichen.
RISK MANAGEMENT THROUGH HEDGE FONDS
Authors: Ivanović Vanja , Vejzagić Vanja
Published: July 2021

Hedge fonds are always provoking various questions that arise from the fact that hedge fonds can do business with less assets than banks but still have larger influence on the markets. Skilful and explicit use of off-balance-sheet instruments gives them much larger influence on the market that their assets can suggest. Change of positions on the market that causes changes in prices is the main characteristic for this kind of fonds and this causes debates about all kinds of speculations and various analysis of the financial market.
PRECONDITIONS TO FULLER CROATIAN INTEGRATION IN EU TOURISM
Authors: Alkier Romina
Published: July 2021

In the coming years, the number of tourist trips from and within the European Union can be expected to grow, as a result of ongoing integration processes, and also because it is becoming simpler and cheaper to travel. According to the WTO, tourism will grow at a moderate rate of four per cent annually in average, and by 2020 the number of tourist arrivals worldwide will reach 1.6 billion, of which 717 million tourist arrivals will be to Europe. Out of this number, more than half a million will be to present-day EU countries. Given the EU’s continuing enlargement, clearly this number will continue to increase, and with it the global importance of the EU. The EU’s tourist policy in the years to come will increasingly become better, more imaginative and more efficient. Regardless of the unchanging subsidiary principle, this policy will continue to develop, gradually adapting to new opportunities. The principles of the sector tourist policy are already being carried out in practice by all EU members, and any country aspiring to become a part this association will not only need to incorporate these principles, but respect them as well. Croatia is one of the countries which has embraced this orientation in tourism and it is aiming to address this “European challenge” at the level of market relations, taking efforts to avoid the pitfalls and threats of tourism marginalisation, given the harsh competition and protectionist measures existing within the EU.
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND LOCAL COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Kilipiris Fotis
Published: July 2021

The full involvement of local communities in the tourism sector, not only benefits them and the environment in general, but also improves the quality of the tourism experience. Projects imposed from outside and motivated by the pursuit of rapid economic growth often override local needs, conditions and resources, and result in unacceptable environmental, social and cultural costs. Local involvement is crucial to sustainable and appropriate development, which meets the needs of the local people and safeguards their natural and cultural environments. Thus a local development strategy is essential, especially in disadvantaged areas and countries.
Designing Wind Energy Harvester for Connected Vehicles in Green Cities
Authors: Khan Zuhaib Ashfaq , Sherazi Hafiz Husnain Raza , Ali Mubashir , Imran Muhammad Ali , Rehman Ikram Ur , Chakrabarti Prasun
Published: July 2021

The recent advancements in the field of communication have led data sharing to become an integral part of today's smart cities with the evolution of concepts such as the internet of vehicles (IoV) paradigm. As a part of IoV, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have recently gained momentum as authorities have started expanding their Low Emission Zones (LEZ) in an effort to build green cities with low carbon footprints. Energy is one of the key requirements of EVs not only to support the smooth and sustainable operation of EV itself but to also ensure connectivity between the vehicles and infrastructure with controlling devices like sensors and actuators installed within an EV.
In this context, renewable energy sources (such as wind energy) dramatically play their parts in the automobile sector towards designing the energy harvesting electric vehicles (EH-EV) to pare the energy reliance on the national grid. In this article, a novel approach is presented to achieve electric generation due to vehicle mobility to support the communication primitives in electric vehicles which enables plenty of IoV use cases in the presence of surplus energy at hand. A small-scale wind turbine is designed to harness wind power for converting it into mechanical power. This power is then fed to the onboard DC generator to produce electrical energy. Furthermore, the acquired power is processed through a regulation circuitry to consequently achieve the desired power supply for the end load, i.e. the batteries installed. The suitable orientation for efficient power generation is proposed on ANSYS-based aerodynamics analysis. The voltages induced by DC generator at No-Load condition are 35V while at Full-Load 25V are generated at rated current of 6.9A, along with the generation of power at around 100W (at constant voltage) at the rated speed of 90 mph for nominal battery charging. Moreover, the acquired data can be monitored via an android application interface by using a Bluetooth module.
Measurement of Intraoperative Blood Loss in Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Sindhuja , Pillai Branesh Madhavan , Sharma Bibhu , Chumnanvej Sorayouth
Published: July 2021

Surgeries that take place in medicine and dentistry or during any form of childbirth results in a significant amount of blood loss. The prevalent measurement methods that surgeons and anesthesiologists utilize as the “gold - standard” has several drawbacks. There are numerous other methods to measure blood loss, which, however, due to their impracticality and limitations, are not ideal either. This paper focuses on minimally invasive neurosurgery in particular, by taking into account a surgical technique known as Endoscopic Endonasal Transphenoidal surgery (EETS), which is used to treat pituitary tumors and adenomas. Along with the review of the existing literature pertaining to blood loss management, this paper proposes a modified electrode probe method along with the concept of usage, computer interface, and the system of integration. The probe is intended to measure the hematocrit count from the collected blood under all circumstances, such that the medical practitioner is assisted to improve the blood loss management technique for better patient recovery.
Recent automation trends in Portugal: implications on industrial productivity and employment in automotive sector
Authors: Boavida Nuno , Candeias Marta
Published: July 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an automation mechanism that runs in a computer system performing tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision making or translation [1]. Some authors argue that recent developments in AI are leading to a wave of innovation in organizational design and changes to institutionalized norms of the workplace [2]. Techno-optimists even named this present phase the ‘second machine age’, arguing that it now involves the substitution of the human brain (Brynjolfsson and McAfee 2014). Potentially, the ability to apply AI in a generalized way can produce significant technical, economic and social effects in firms. But how many of these AI applications are ready and how far can they be from reaching the manufacturing industry market? The paper will answer the question: what are the implications on industrial productivity and employment in the automotive sector with the recent automation trends in Portugal? We will focus on AI as the most relevant emergent technology to understand the development of automation in areas related to robotics, software, and data communications in Europe (Moniz 2018). R&D investments in industrial processes in general may reflect productivity improvements derived from the increased automation process. Our results will be based on case studies from the automotive and components sector combined with database search by keywords that signal intelligence automation developments and AI applications selected from national R&D projects (on robotics, machine learning, collaborative tools, human-machine interaction, autonomous systems, etc) supported by European structural funds. The implications on industrial productivity and employment will be discussed in relation to automation trends in the automotive sector.
Effects of Climatic Change on the Potential Distribution of Lycoriella Species (Diptera: Sciaridae) of Economic Importance
Authors: Marques Roberta , Duarte Juliano Lessa Pinto , Duarte Adriane da Fonseca , Krüger Rodrigo Ferreira , Silva da Cunha Uemerson , Osorio-Olvera Luis , Contreras-Díaz Rusby Guadalupe , Jiménez-García Daniel
Published: July 2021

Lycoriella species (Sciaridae) are responsible for significant economic losses in greenhouse production (e.g. mushrooms, strawberry, and nurseries). Current distributions of species in the genus are restricted to cold-climate countries. Three species of Lycoriella are of particular economic concern in view of their ability to invade across the Northern Hemisphere. We used ecological niche models to determine the potential for range expansion under climate change future scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) in distributions of these species of Lycoriella. Stable suitability under climate change was a dominant theme in these species; however, potential range increases were noted for key countries (e.g. USA, Brazil, and China). Our results illustrate the potential for range expansion in these species in the Southern Hemisphere, including some of the highest greenhouse production areas in the world.
Isocratic Reverse-Phase HPLC Method for Determination of Aspirin, Paracetamol, and Naproxen
Authors: Hassan Md. Mynul , Nam Sung-Wook
Published: July 2021

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which block the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoenzymes and inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin, have been used for pain relief. We have developed a method to separate a mixture of three NSAIDs, such as aspirin, paracetamol, and naproxen, using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). An isocratic mobile phase consisting of acidic water and acetonitrile was selected to run at a low flow rate, such as 0.8 mL/min. The mixture of three NSAIDs was injected at a low volume into a C18 column that was 150 mm in length and characterized using a UV detector at 230 nm. We identified three peaks in the chromatogram indicating the three compounds. The elution time of the peaks was less than 10 minutes. To identify multiple peaks on the isocratic flow using a short column, further studies are required regarding the proposed method to generate microfluidic devices for nanoLC.
Diverging from News Media: An Exploratory Study on the Changing Dynamics between Media and Public Attention on Cancer in China from 2011-2020
Authors: Huang Yangkun , Xu Xiaoping , Su Sini
Published: July 2021

Over the past decade, China has witnessed fast-paced technological advancements in the media industry, as well as major shifts in the health agenda portrayed in the media. Therefore, a key starting point when discussing health communication lies in whether media attention and public attention towards health issues are structurally aligned, and to what extent the news media guide public attention. Based on data mined from 73,060 sets of the Baidu Search Index and Media Index on 20 terms covering different types of cancer from 2011 to 2020, the Granger test demonstrates that, in the last decade, public attention and media attention towards cancer in China has gone through two distinct phases. During the first phase, 2011-2015, Chinese news media still held the key in transferring the salience of issues on most cancer types to the public. In the second phase, from 2016-2020, public attention towards cancer has gradually diverged from media coverage, mirroring the imbalance and mismatch between the demand of active public and the supply of cancer information from news media. This study provides an overview of the dynamic transition on cancer issues in China over a ten-year span, along with descriptive results on public and media attention towards specific cancer types.
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma with an Impending Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Hull Jonathan , Balsamo Luke , Gibson David
Published: July 2021

Case:

A 57-year-old man presented with a soft-tissue neck mass that has been present for 3 weeks. The patient is a former smoker. A biopsy of the mass confirmed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A positron emission tomography scan indicated metastatic disease in the patient’s left femur. An impending pathologic fracture of the left femoral neck was evident.

Discussion:

The global incidence of oral SCC is increasing. Metastatic disease occurs rapidly with SCC. It is important for those practicing in orthopaedics to understand the aspects of this disease. This case review discusses the importance of understanding the rapid progression of metastatic SCC.
New Method for Characterizing Internal Structure of Fault-Karst Reservoirs and Analysis on Acidizing Fracturing Effect: A Case Study in HLHT Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Cao Peng , Chang Shaoying , Zhu Yongjin , Shen Jinlong , Qiao Zhanfeng , Shao Guanming , Sun Xiaowei
Published: July 2021

Superimposed tectonic movement and karst erosion resulted in a combination of fractures and irregular caves in deep/ultradeep carbonate rocks, typically along major fault swarms. Outlining these fault-karst reservoirs mainly depends on recognizing the strong reflection in seismic profiles; however, characterizing their internal structures is still difficult, which are represented as weak amplitude in seismic profiles. This study intended to propose a method to dissect the internal structure of fault-karst reservoirs, which contains four steps: (1) elimination of the signal interference by the covering bed with strong energy and recognition of internal reservoirs with low energy based on seismic data conversion, frequency division, and inversion; (2) gradient structure tensor analysis based on an anisotropic Gaussian filter for fault-karst reservoir outlining; (3) internal faults and cave recognition on the basis of wave-based inversion; and (4) reevaluation of the number and scale of these faults and caves based on seismic recognition and well test results and verification of their volumes and hydrocarbon reserves. The method was used in the evaluation of the fault-karst reservoir in the Halahatang (HLHT) oilfield, which is located in the north of Tarim Basin. The results show that the fault-karst reservoirs along major faults and their internal structures are effectively recognized, and the error of the predicted depth of the reservoirs decreases from more than 20 m before to less than 4 m now; the drilling success ratio increases from 70% to 90%. In addition, the method supports the recognition of untapped fault-karst reservoirs around shut-in wells, which provides guidance for sidetracking plans. Further, by comparing the geophysical volume of fault-karst reservoirs and the reserve predicted by production performance, the untapped reserve in a certain reservoir can be evaluated; on this basis, producing wells received high yields by targeted acid fracturing. In summary, the method effectively improves the prediction accuracy and the recovery efficiency of fault-karst reservoirs.
VOÇOROCAS EM ÁREAS DE MINERAÇÃO COMO COMPONENTE DA PAISAGEM DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICAS DO RIO GUAMÁ, AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL
Authors: Farias Lima Isabela , Meiguins de Lima Aline Maria , Akio Kubota Nicolau
Published: July 2021

A atividade mineral realizada na bacia hidrográfica do rio Guamá (nordeste do estado do Pará), atua principalmente próximo aos cursos d’água gerando impactos ambientais, como por exemplo, o desenvolvimento de feições erosivas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os componentes da paisagem natural e antrópica condicionantes do desenvolvimento de feições erosivas nas sub-bacias do médio-alto curso do rio Guamá, além das condições que favoreceram o desenvolvimento de voçorocas decorrentes da atividade mineral. A metodologia associada envolveu a análise da paisagem componente em ambiente SIG (aspectos fisiográficos e de uso da terra), além da caracterização em campo de voçorocas, utilizando um protocolo específico. Os resultados indicam que as sub-bacias avaliadas já apresentam cerca de 54% de seu território destinado ao uso agropecuário e 42% com cobertura florestal remanescente ou secundária. E a área delimitada como de influência da atividade mineral, contém mais de 50% de alteração, comprometendo principalmente a faixa ripária. O conjunto de informações avaliadas indica que a evolução da atividade mineral na região não tem se manifestado de forma sustentável, favorecendo o surgimento de voçorocas, cujo processo de recuperação já se encontra na faixa mais elevada de custo, o que implica que deve ser exercida uma maior pressão no setor mineral para redução destes impactos.
FLUVIAL EROSION RISK ANALYSIS: AN AMAZON STUDY CASE
Authors: Nascimento Bandeira Iris Celeste , Conceição Raimundo Almir Costa da , Nogueira de Andrade Milena Marília , Teixeira Sheila Gatinho , Fonseca Dianne Danielle Farias , Lima Joao Batista Marcelo de , Azambuja Andressa Macedo Silva de , Gregorio Aderson Manoel da Silva , Miyagawa Luciana de Jesus Penha Pamplona , Teles da Silva  Silvio Tadeu , Aguiar Paulo Afonso Pereira
Published: July 2021

In the Amazon region, there are more than 69.000 people living in areas at risk of fluvial erosion processes. In addition to the large number of people impacted, studies have shown that the
erosion patterns identified on the margins of mega rivers in the Amazon region are distinct due to the fact they are related the mass movement leading to great soil displacement known as ‘Terras Caidas’. In this context, this study aims to evaluate quantitatively the degrees of risk in areas subject to fluvial erosion in three communities: Itanduba, São Braz, and Fátima de Urucurituba. The methods include hazard attributes, as well as vulnerability aspects, through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A multitemporal analysis were made to validated the marginal erosion a t the studied areas. The results indicated a high risk of fluvial erosion on these areas. The local families lives under high and very high social vulnerability in conditions with little infrastructure and very close to the susceptible erosive riverbank. The riverbank is composed of poorly consolidated sediments, show instability indicators, and are usually associated to drainages with flow rates above 100.000 m3/s. The results and methodology brings an important contribuition to territorial planning of the region.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO, CLASSIFICAÇÃO E ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DE DEPÓSITOS E FEIÇÕES TECNOGÊNICAS DE SUB-BACIAS URBANAS DO RIO POTI EM TERESINA/PI
Authors: Fagundes Gabriel Cunha Linhares , Sabóia de Aquino Cláudia Maria
Published: July 2021

Resumo: Este trabalho objetiva analisar como o tecnógeno se concebe na cidade de Teresina, bem como com quais impactos se relaciona. Os depósitos tecnogênicos identificados foram classificados como Úrbicos, Espólicos, Construídos, Gárbicos e Dragados estando ligados a impactos ambientais (alagamento, assoreamento de riachos e aterramento de lagoas), socioambientais (insalubridade, desabamentos) e urbanos (especulação imobiliária, ocupações). A pesquisa aponta que tais materiais necessitam de manejo adequado pelo poder público e população, de modo a melhorar a qualidade de vida nas áreas onde os mesmos foram identificados.
PERCEPÇÃO SOBRE IMPACTOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NA RESEX LAGO DO CUNIÃ, PORTO VELHO, RONDÔNIA
Authors: Dos Santos Carvalho Luciana , Tosini Tejas Graziela , Da Silva de Souza Reginaldo Martins , De Castro Barbosa Xênia
Published: July 2021

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a percepção ambiental dos jovens de 16 a 24 anos, associados à cooperativa COOPCUNIÃ e residentes na RESEX Lago do Cuniã, Porto Velho, Rondônia. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em uma análise quali-quantitativa, a partir da aplicação de formulários estruturados com questões objetivas e discursivas. A análise dos dados consistiu na identificação: do perfil socioeconômico (idade, escolaridade, economia e fonte de renda), das atividades desenvolvidas na RESEX, e da relação entre os entrevistados, meio ambiente, uso dos recursos naturais e geração de impactos ambientais. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de implantação de um sistema de gerenciamento e tratamento de resíduos, acompanhadas por programas de educação ambiental, de fortalecimento do cooperativismo e de capacitação compatíveis com jornada cotidiana dos trabalhos extrativistas e agropecuários desenvolvidos na unidade de conservação.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO CLIMÁTICA DA ESTIAGEM NO VERÃO DE 2009 EM ERECHIM – RS
Authors: Tochetto Gabriel André , Murara Pedro Germano
Published: July 2021

As estiagens configuram-se com uma problemática para os citadinos urbanos e principalmente para os espaços rurais. O presente artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar e analisar a dinâmica atmosférica que contribuiu para a deflagração do episódio de estiagem que ocorreu no verão de 2009 no município de Erechim – Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados obtidos a partir da comparação de dados de precipitação com as normais climatológicas confirmam que, nos meses de março e abril, o acumulado de precipitação esteve abaixo do esperado para o período. Uma análise mensal dos eventos meteorológicos indicou que o fenômeno La Niña foi muito intenso no final do ano de 2008, associado a este, a redução das passagens frontal, auxiliaram no decréscimo pluviométrico já a partir de março de 2009. A estiagem que ocorreu no verão de 2009 em Erechim contabiliza mais um evento impactante que resultou em perdas na agricultura e racionamento de água para os citadinos.
NOTA EDITORIAL: REVISTA GEONORTE, V.12, N.39, JAN-JUN, 2021
Authors: Silva Neto João Cândido André da
Published: July 2021

É com grande satisfação que publicamos o novo número da REVISTA GEONORTE, V.12, N.39, JAN-JUN, 2021.
Gostaríamos de agradecer a todos autores e autoras pelas contribuições, que consolidam a Revista Geonorte no âmbito nacional. Não poderíamos deixar de agradecer os pareceristas do conselho científico, pelo trabalho cuidadoso e de excelência que tem sido incorporado à Revista Geonorte.
Esse é o último número da Revista Geonorte sob nossa coordenação/editoração e fecha um ciclo de quatro anos, que se iniciou em 2017, quando assumimos a frente do processo editorial da Revista Geonorte, percorremos um caminho sempre almejando patamares mais elevados no contexto nacional da publicação científica da Geografia brasileira.
Há um longo caminho à ser percorrido e vamos percorrê-lo, alcançamos uma parte importante de nossos objetivos, que é divulgar produção científica de qualidade e de forma gratuita para o mundo.
O atual número da REVISTA GEONORTE apresenta quatorze artigos científicos que tangem o temário da Geografia e áreas afins, apresentando contribuições científicas de várias regiões do Brasil.
Differences in the concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies post-COVID-19 recovery or post-vaccination
Authors: Tretyn Andrzej , Szczepanek Joanna , Skorupa Monika , Jarkiewicz-Tretyn Joanna , Sandomierz Dorota , Dejewska Joanna , Ciechanowska Karolina , Jarkiewicz-Tretyn Aleksander , Koper Wojciech , Pałgan Krzysztof
Published: July 2021

At the end of 2020, population-based vaccination programs with new generation mRNA-based vaccines began almost all over the world. The aim of the study was to evaluate the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies against the S1 subunit of the virus’s spike protein as a marker of the humoral response in 477 patients and the concentration of gamma interferon as an indicator of a cellular response in 28 individuals. In our studies, we used serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. IgG was measured in weeks 2 and 3 after the first dose and 1–5 weeks after the second dose of an mRNA vaccine in seropositive and seronegative individuals as well as in symptomatic and asymptomatic convalescents. High levels of antibodies were observed in 98% of our vaccinated cohort, and the presence of protective T cells was confirmed in the blood samples of all participants. The humoral immune response is diversified and is visible as early as 2–3 weeks after the first dose of the mRNA vaccine. The level of protection increased significantly after the second dose, with the increase being much greater in pre-vaccine healthy subjects and less in convalescents. In the second and third weeks after the second dose, the concentration of IgG antibodies was the highest, and in the following weeks, it decreased gradually. Regular serological measurements on eight subjects show that antibody titers are lower four months after vaccination than before the second dose.
Wave after wave – Determining the temporal lag in Covid-19 infections and deaths using spatial panel data from Germany
Authors: Fritz Manuela Katharina
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic requires a continuous evaluation of whether current policies and measures taken are sufficient to protect vulnerable populations. One quantitative indicator of policy effectiveness and pandemic severity is the case fatality ratio, which relies on the lagged number of infections relative to current deaths. The appropriate length of the time lag to be used, however, is heavily debated. In this article, I contribute to this debate by determining the temporal lag between the number of infections and deaths using daily panel data from Germany’s 16 federal states. To account for the dynamic spatial spread of the virus, I rely on different spatial econometric models that allow not only to consider the infections in a given state but also spillover effects through infections in neighboring federal states. My results suggest that a wave of infections within a given state is followed by increasing death rates 12 days later. Yet, if the number of infections in other states rises, the number of death cases within that given state subsequently decreases. The results of this article contribute to the better understanding of the dynamic spatio-temporal spread of the virus in Germany, which is indispensable for the design of effective policy responses.
Identification of miRNAs And Their Target Genes In Genic Male Sterility Lines In Brassica Napus By Small RNA Sequencing
Authors: Jiang Jianxia , Xu Pengfei , Li Yajie , Li Yanli , Zhou Xirong , Jiang Meiyan , Zhang Junying , Zhu Jifeng , Wang Weirong , Yang Liyong
Published: July 2021

Background: Brassica napus is the third leading source of edible oil in the world. Genic male sterility (GMS) lines provide crucial material for harnessing heterosis for rapeseed. GMS lines have been used successfully for rapeseed hybrid production in China. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in various plant growth, development, and stress response processes. However, reports on miRNAs that regulate the pollen development of GMS lines in B. napus are few.Results: In this study, 12 small RNA and transcriptome libraries were constructed and sequenced for the flower buds from the fertile and sterile lines of two recessive GMS (RGMS) lines, namely, “6251AB” and “6284AB”. At the same time, 12 small RNA and transcriptome libraries were also constructed and sequenced for the flower buds from the fertile and sterile lines of two dominant GMS (DGMS) lines, namely, “4001AB” and “4006AB”. Based on the results, 46 known miRNAs, 27 novel miRNAs on the other arm of known pre-miRNAs, and 44 new conserved miRNAs were identified. Thirty-five pairs of novel miRNA-3p/miRNA-5p were found. Among all the identified miRNAs, 21 differentially expressed miRNAs with over 1.5-fold change between flower buds of sterile and fertile lines were identified, including six differentially expressed miRNAs between “4001A” and “4001B”, two differentially expressed miRNAs between “4006A” and “4006B”, six differentially expressed miRNAs between “6251A” and “6251B”, and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs between “6284A” and “6284B”. The correlation analysis of small RNA and transcriptome sequencing was conducted. The analysis results indicated that 360 genes were predicted to be the candidate targets of 21 differentially expressed miRNAs. BnaA09g48720D, BnaA09g11120D, and BnaCnng51960D were demonstrated to be cleaved by bna-miR398a-3p, bna-miR158-3p and bna-miR159a, respectively. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR159 was chosen to analyze its function in reproduction development and male sterility. Overexpression of bna-miR159 in Arabidopsis resulted in decreased seed setting rate, and shortened siliques, illustrating that miR159 may regulate the fertility and silique development in rapeseed.Conclusions: Our findings provide an overview of miRNAs that are potentially involved in GMS and pollen development. New information on miRNAs and their related target genes are provided to exploit the GMS mechanism and reveal the miRNA networks in B. napus.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Government and Enterprises Carbon-Reduction based on Public Willingness
Authors: Fang Guochang , He Yu , Tian Lixin
Published: July 2021

This paper explores the evolutionary game of government and enterprises carbon-reduction with public willingness constraints. On the basis of the features of government and enterprises in energy saving and emission reduction system, the novel evolutionary game model is constructed. The effects of behavioral strategy and willingness constraint strength are visualized by system dynamics theory. With the aid of these visual indicators, the varying dynamic evolution path under different situations is put forward. The economic interpretation of evolutionary stable strategies is discussed. The results show that, public willingness can promote government-enterprise to achieve the optimal state (action, carbon-reduction) spontaneously. The initial willingness can speed up the convergence rate of these two players’ behaviors. The residents’ willingness further restrains the behaviors of government and enterprises, which can eliminate the possibility of adopting passive strategies and reduce the lag of strategies for both parties.
Climate Change Hastens Invasional Interference Between Two Notorious Invasive Plants, Common Ragweed (Ambrosia Artemisiifolia) and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus Retroflexus), in China
Authors: Zhao Cai-yun , Zhao Xiang-jian , Li Junsheng
Published: July 2021

As multiple invaders co-occur in similar habitats, understanding the interactions between different invasive species is very important. Invasional meltdown and neutral and interference relationships have been reported. However, interspecific interactions may vary with environmental change due to the different responses of various invaders. To better understand the interaction of notorious invasive alien plants under global climate change, the growth characters of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) were compared when they were planted in monoculture or mixed culture under four environmental treatments: elevated CO2, enriched N, elevated CO2 + enriched N and a control. The results showed that 1) the plant height, basal stem diameter, and shoot, root, and total biomass of common ragweed all consistently increased in response to the treatments, while the growth traits of redroot pigweed were all inhibited. A significant CO2×N interaction was found only for the shoot and total biomass of common ragweed. 2) Invasional interference between these two notorious alien invasive plants was discovered. Common ragweed consistently displayed an obvious competitive advantage over redroot pigweed regardless of treatment. 3) Elevated CO2 and enriched N obviously changed the seed mass frequency distribution of common ragweed: elevated CO2 increased the proportion of small seeds, while enriched N increased the proportion of large seeds. We conclude that common ragweed can outcompete redroot pigweed; moreover, elevated CO2 and N addition hasten this competitive advantage.
High variability of COVID-19 case fatality rate in Germany
Authors: Wjst Matthias , Wendtner Clemens
Published: July 2021

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic high case fatality rates (CFR) were noticed. Due to the dire consequences WHO guidelines recommended immediate intubation for patients with dyspnoea which has since been questioned after reviewing the initial clinical outcome. Methods: PCR confirmed infection rates along with mortality data was obtained for all German districts from 27 Jan 2020 until 15 Feb 2021 using official data sources. A moving average CFRt was constructed by dividing disease related deaths two weeks after a given index days by the number of infections two weeks prior to that date. In addition to an international comparison, mortality data between the second and third largest German cities were also compared. Results: Mean CFR is estimated to be 2.92 based on 71.965 fatalities and 2.465.407 cases. There was a large regional scattering of CFRs across the regional districts. Differences of the mortality pattern were observed also at state level and preserved across different sex and age groups while being largely independent of case numbers. Although Munich city had higher infection rates, more patients died during the first wave in Hamburg (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.9). While the majority of Munich hospitals favoured a conservative management of hypoxemia including high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), Hamburg hospitals followed a more aggressive scheme of mechanical ventilation (MV). Austria and Switzerland experienced higher CFRs than Germany during the first wave but after changing treatment guidelines, both countries experienced lower CFRs during the second wave. Conclusion: Different case fatality rates have been observed across Germany that are most likely caused by different treatment strategies.
Cognitive Remediation Program for Family Caregivers in Schizophrenia (CIRCUS): Study of the Effectiveness of a Guided AND WEB-BASED Compensatory Cognitive Remediation: A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Garbisson Amandine , Laraki Yasmine , Dubois Tifany , André Myrtille , Rainteau Nicolas , Capdevielle Delphine , Raffard Stéphane
Published: July 2021

BackgroundCognitive impairments are extremely common in schizophrenia and strongly predict deficits in daily functioning, poor management of medication, and multiple hospitalizations. Cognitive remediation is recognized to have a positive impact on cognitive impairments by engaging preserved cognitive functions or by implementing environmental supports that sustain independent living.Velligan et al. [1] developed and tested a manualized intervention, called Cognitive Adaptation Training (CAT). In this program, trained mental health specialists implemented compensatory techniques such as environmental supports in the individual’s living environment in order to live more independently and achieve greater self-sufficiency.However, implementing this program requires a lot of professionals and time to maintain CAT effect. This type of intervention is not widely available in community care which may explain the large number of patients who are dependent on family members for daily living activities. Training family members in this form of intervention would be an appropriate way to resolve these issues. Family expressed a real interest in these types of home-support strategies that CAT offers. Recently, Kidd et al. [2] developed a CAT version for Families and created a manual accessible to people without any knowledge of cognitive deficits. This manual helps families to select specific cognitive-adaptative strategies with their relative to achieve targeted goals. This method has been translated in French.The aim of this study is to examine whether Web-based Family Cognitive Adaptation Training can improve functioning, medication adherence and negative symptoms for individuals with schizophrenia as well as reduce burden for the family members.Methods/DesignA total of 60 Dyads consisting of one caregiver and one supported individual with schizophrenia will be randomized to either Web-based family cognitive adaptation training or an internet-based control condition (psycho-education). The primary outcome measure will be the total score on the life skills profile. Secondary outcome measures will include the global score of the Zarit burden Interview, the PANSS negative score, the CAINS score, patient medication adherence, and patient and caregiver quality of life.DiscussionWe hope that this type of intervention could be developed in territorial areas where professionals are not trained to cognitive remediation and therefore substantially lower the barrier to the deployment of cognitive interventions with other psychosocial interventions for individuals with schizophrenia and their caregivers.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04173598. Registered on November 22th 2019
Surface outburst of a subglacial flood from the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Bowling Jade , Leeson Amber , McMillan Malcolm , Livingstone Stephen , Sole Andrew , Nienow Peter , Noël Brice , Broeke Michiel van den , Slater Thomas , Sörensen Louise Sandberg , Simonsen Sebastian , Mouginot Jeremie , Melling Laura , Taylor Liam
Published: July 2021

As Earth’s climate warms, surface melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet is projected to intensify, contributing to rising sea levels1–4. Observations5–7 and theory8–10 indicate that meltwater generated at the surface of an ice sheet can drain to its bed via crevasses and moulins, where it flows relatively unhindered to the coast. This understanding of the movement of water within, and beneath, ice sheets, underpins theoretical models which are used to make projections of ice sheet change11. In this study, we show the first evidence of a disruptive drainage pathway in Greenland, whereby a subglacial flood – triggered by a draining subglacial lake – breaks through the ice sheet surface. This unprecedented outburst of water causes fracturing of the ice sheet, and the formation of 25-metre-high ice blocks. These observations reveal a complex, bidirectional coupling between the surface and basal hydrological systems of an ice sheet, which was previously unknown in Greenland. Analysis of over 30 years of satellite imagery confirms that the subglacial lake has drained at least once previously. However, on that occasion the floodwater failed to breach the ice surface. The two contrasting drainage regimes, coupled with the increased rates of ice melting and thinning that have occurred over the past three decades years, suggest that Arctic climate warming may have facilitated a new, disruptive mode of hydrological drainage on the ice sheet. As such, our observations reveal an emerging and poorly understood phenomenon, which is not currently captured in physical ice sheet models.
pH sensor based on Au NPs/ ITO membrane as extended gate field-effect transistor
Authors: Alsaee Saleh K. , Ahmed Naser Mahmoud , Mzwd Elham , Omar Ahmad Fairuz , Aljameel A.I. , Afzal Naveed , Razak Ibrahim Abdul , Arshad Suhana
Published: July 2021

In the present work, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film on glass substrate for the pH sensing application based on extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET). The ITO thin film was deposited on glass using RF sputtering and then the Au NPs were synthesized on it by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique. The Au NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscope (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. From the TEM analysis, the size of the spherical shaped Au NPs was found to be in the range of 5–22 nm. The UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis revealed absorption peak at 518 nm, indicating purplish red color. The XPS data revealed Au 4f doublet binding energy peaks of the photoelectrons at 83.79 and 87.45 eV. The current-voltage (I-V) curves indicated pH sensitivities values of 43.6 mV/pH and 0.6 \({\left(\mu A\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}} /pH\) with linear regression of 0.9. The hysteresis and drift characteristics of Au NPs/ITO/G membrane were also studied to investigate its stability and reliability. The results of this work demonstrated that the Au NPs/ITO/G membrane is quite useful for the acidity and basicity detection.
Band Gap of Two-dimensional Layered Cylindrical Photonic Crystal Slab and Slow Light of W1 Waveguide
Authors: Wang Zhi-Wei , Xiang Ya-Ting , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we apply the scatterers of cylindrical rings to a two-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) slab. The effects of the number of layers, the thickness, the index, and the height of the cylindrical layers on the photonic band gaps (PBGs) of such slab with different lattice arrangements are studied. It turns out that our new structure helps to obtain a large range of the PBGs. The maximum bandwidth is obtained with the value of 0.1497 (2πc/a). The PBGs are moved to the lower frequencies with the augment of thickness, refractive index, and height. The choice of height, refractive index, and thickness is a trade-off, and adding the number of dielectric layers is not always positively correlated with the area of PBGs. In addition, in the W1 waveguide with a triangular lattice layout, we obtain a slow light of 0.026×c. Compared with the square lattice, the triangular lattice is more suitable for slowing down the speed of light.