bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF ACCOUNTING OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF FORWARD CONTRACTS
Authors:   International European University, Pryimak Nataliia
Published: December 2021

In modern business conditions, in particular, during the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus, companies are looking for financial instruments that will ensure their stable operation for a long period of their operation. One of the types of financial instruments used in the daily activities of grain traders is the conclusion of forward contracts. This in turn gives the buyer a guarantee that in the future he will be able to buy the product at a fixed price, which is specified in the forward contract, and the seller gives a guarantee that his product will be sold. The purpose of the article is to highlight the features of accounting for certain financial instruments, including forward contracts. The materials of the study are: 1) domestic legislation on the organization and methods of accounting for financial instruments, including forward contracts; 2) works of domestic authors conducting their scientific and practical research in the field of accounting for financial instruments, in particular forward contracts; 3) Scopus database for bibliometric analysis regarding the selection of the authors' publication activity on the accounting of financial instruments using VOSviewer software. During the research such methods as theoretical generalization, formalization and analysis, logical generalization of results were used. Practical recommendations are given on the choice of accounting policy as an element of it as a date of recognition of financial assets acquired as a result of systematic operations. Correspondence of accounts on reflection in the journal of the account of economic operations of the enterprise on display of performance of the forward contract with their corresponding documentation on a numerical example is offered. Further research is proposed to focus on the peculiarities of accounting for futures transactions, which are a type of financial instrument.
GLOBAL DIMENSION OF INNOVATION CAPACITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER COUNTRIES
Authors:   Uzhorod National University, Zayats Olena , Yarema Tomash ,   Uzhorod National University
Published: December 2021

The article examines the essence of the global innovation capacity of the member states of the European Union and its interconncetion with involvement in the processes of international economic integration and disintegration. It is noted that the global innovative force has a significant impact on stable economic growth and competitive positions of any economic entity in the world arena. In addition, it was determined that the unification of countries into interstate integration groupings leads to the transformation of the innovation capacity of the member country and the formation of the innovation capacity of the international integration associations. As a result of the study, it was noted that today there is no single methodology for measuring innovative capacity. As part of the innovation capacity research of the European Union member states, the most prominent and frequently used method for measuring the innovation capacity of the country amongst of global economy, namely the global innovation index, is considered. The aim of this article is to compare the positions of the innovative capacity of the member states of the European Union and to study how the integration and disintegration processes in the European Union affect the innovation capacity of participants and, in the prospect, develop a methodology for ranking the innovation capacity of interstate integration associations. The positions of the innovation capacity in the global economy of the European Union member states are analyzed according to the global innovation index. It has been established that five member countries of the European Union are in the top 10 most innovative economies in the world economy. The innovation capacity index of the European Union 2020 is proposed to be calculated and was calculated. It is noted that albeit the ratings do not give any propositions, but only actually determine the state, however, with their assistance it is possible to carry out adequate monitoring, analysis, forecast of activation and measurement of innovation leadership of all economic and innovative entities of the global economy. It has been proved that methodological approaches to measuring the innovation capacity of the subjects of the global economy ought to be improved furthermore ratings should be developed not only in the context of countries, but of international integration associations as well.
THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST TRENDS
Authors:   Khortytska National Academy, Prochan Anna
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the impact of Coronavirus on the tourism industry and the development of tourism trends. In particular, an analysis was made of the impact of the pandemic on the world economy and overall GDP growth and world trade. The dynamics of world real GDP for 2017-2021, as well as the dynamics of international tourist arrivals for the period from January to March 2020 are studied. There has been a reduction in the number of international trips around the world by 60-80% in 2020. The following were the main measures to restore tourism. Anti-crisis measures were proposed for the functioning of the tourism industry under quarantine restrictions and its return to normal operating conditions after the removal of these restrictions. The COVID-19 pandemic has hit the tourism industry hardest. Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the flow of tourists in the world has decreased by 65%. In the first eight months of 2020, the number of international arrivals decreased by 70%. This resulted in the loss of $ 730 billion, and more than 120 million jobs were at risk. According to official data, the tourism business in Ukraine has already lost at least $ 1.5 billion. Thousands of workers in Ukraine's tourism sector have lost their jobs. Also, based on the analysis of the impact of the pandemic on tourism, new trends in the tourism industry were identified. It was found that the tourism market will recover relatively quickly after the pandemic, as people will need positive emotions. Although, of course, it is impossible to give an accurate forecast, especially in the face of changes in exchange rates. In addition, it is likely that the approach to life in general may change - the methods of remote communication will become commonplace. The segment of digital projects in tourism is becoming more active, which will help generate deferred demand and will work when all restrictions on tourist travel are removed.
FORMATION OF VALUES IN THE FIELD OF ACCOUNTING AND TAXATION THROUGH THE STUDY OF ETHICAL NORMS
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, Havryliuk Olha , Talakh Tetyana ,   Lutsk National Technical University
Published: December 2021

The article substantiates the need for an ethical approach to the formation of educational programs on accounting and taxation in higher educational institutions. The obtained results of a critical analysis of the literature on the selected topic indicate the relevance of the issue in Ukraine and the world, because the state of the financial and economic system of the country directly depends on the development of moral and ethical standards of professionals in the field of accounting and taxation. The results obtained contribute to the expansion of existing knowledge in the concept of professional ethics. The study shows the relevance of introducing a course on professional ethics and raising the moral awareness of students majoring in Accounting and Taxation. It provides arguments about the need to provide professional moral education in the field of accounting and taxation at the level of compulsory disciplines, without limiting them to optional choices. A separate course on professional ethics is justified because it emphasizes the relevance of ethics, and provides systemic knowledge as components of financial or management accounting, taxation, etc. Such knowledge is significant because it helps students develop the capacity to make professional ethical decisions and strengthen their preparation for fulfilling their roles in the future. This topic is important in the context of the Ukrainian economy, which is recognized as very corrupt and permeated by unethical business practices, and mastering a course of professional ethics at the university has a positive effect on the ability of accountants to think ethically, which indicates the need for compulsory education in ethics both in professional and in high school. The article identifies the most effective components of the curriculum, as well as formulates the stages of introducing professional ethics into higher education: 1) the formation of values, 2) the ability to interpret ethical norms, 3) the implementation of norms in professional activities.
THE ESSENCE, TYPES AND SEQUENCE OF THE MECHANISM FUNCTIONING FOR ENSURING THE ENTERPRISES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Yemelyanov Olexandr , Ivanchyna Ostap ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2021

For many enterprises, ensuring their economic development is a required condition for maintaining a high level of economic efficiency for a long period of time. Economic development affords an opportunity to gain certain long-term competitive advantages that enable business entities to survive in the face of adverse environmental conditions. However, ensuring the economic development of enterprises is a difficult task, the solution of which requires the creation and operation of an effective mechanism for such provision. The development of ensuring mechanism to the economic development of enterprises should be based on appropriate theoretical principles. The research aim is to establish the essence, grouping of species and determining the sequence mechanism functioning of economic development of enterprises. It is shown that this mechanism can be interpreted as an ordered relationships set between the organizational structure elements of the enterprise economic development and between these elements and its external environment, carried out in the form of information flows, as well as the characteristics of these relationships (regarding their content and distribution methods) and procedures for their generation, which are based on the laws of rational business decisions. The mechanism types for ensuring the enterprises economic development were grouped by the number of criteria, duration of use, the coverage degree of the solved tasks, the amount of means used to achieve the objectives, the essence of algorithms for making business decisions and other features. The main stages of the mechanism functioning for ensuring the enterprises economic development were allocated, namely: goals and objectives formation of enterprise economic activity in the context of ensuring its economic development; procedures creation for developing business decisions; drawing up plans and programs for the implementation measures to ensure the enterprise economic development; making business decisions, monitoring their implementation and possible adjustments. The use proposed sequence of mechanism functioning of enterprise economic development in the practice of their activities increases the validity of economic decisions.
KEY ASPECTS OF THE BANK PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS
Authors:   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dubrova Natalia , Kriukova Hanna ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University
Published: December 2021

Issues related to increasing the profitability of the bank have of great practical importance in the context of the transition to a market economy, especially in the context of economic instability in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic. Profit from banking business is the most important premises and cause of interest in the outcome of financial activities. The financial result as the main result of entrepreneurial activity keeps up with the needs of the bank itself and the country as a whole. For effective management of the bank's profit, an analysis of the factors influencing both the final result (profit or loss) of the reporting period and its components is required. We recommend to divide the analysis of the bank's profitability into three stages. The first stage is an express analysis based on financial statements. Here it is appropriately to use horizontal and vertical analysis of the Statement of Financial Condition (Balance Sheet) and the Statement of Profit and Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (Statement of Financial Results). In the second stage, we use coefficient analysis based on performance indicators. In particular, the following should be calculated: the adequacy of regulatory capital, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), net interest margin (NIM), net spread. At the third stage of the analysis, factor analysis should be used, which makes it possible to determine the degree of influence of individual factors on the change in the bank's profitability indicators, to identify internal reserves and, on its basis, to develop a further development strategy. For this purpose, it makes sense to use the return on equity decomposition analysis, which is also called the Du Pont model. The Du Pont model methodology is based on the analysis of the ratios that form the ROE and ROA rates. The factor model is based on the return on equity (ROE) indicator, and the factors are indicators characterizing the financial activity of the bank. The DuPont model and its modifications allow enterprises to rapidly evaluate and predict the degree of influence of many factors on the formation of the assessment of equity capital, assets and the value of the bank for shareholders and potential investors.
Association of Vitamin D Status with Semen Parameters and Male Reproductive Hormones in Egyptian Infertile Men
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Arab Republic of Egypt, AE Doaa Abou-Taleb , AM Mahran ,   Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Arab Republic of Egypt, MA Mahmoud ,   Luxor International Hospital, Luxor, Arab Republic of Egypt, MA Gaber ,   Department of Medical Biochemistry, Assiut University, Assiut, Arab Republic of Egypt
Published: December 2021

Background: Although vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in human sperm, little is known about the role of vitamin D (Vit. D) in male reproduction. Our objective was to assess Vit. D levels both in serum and seminal fluid and to establish the relation between serum and seminal Vit. D levels, semen parameters, male sex hormones and serum calcium level in Egyptian infertile men. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective case control study including 30 healthy fertile males as a control group and 60 male patients with infertility of unknown etiology. Semen samples were collected and semen parameters were evaluated. Also, seminal Vit. D level was measured. Blood samples were taken as serum levels of Vit. D, calcium, testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) were estimated. Results: There was significant decrease of both serum and seminal Vit. D level in groups of male infertility compared to control group. A significant positive correlation was found between serum and seminal Vit. D levels in different study groups. Also, significant positive correlation between serum Vit. D level and non-progressive sperm motility. Conclusion: Our results support the role of Vit. D in semen parameters and male fertility status.
COVID-19 Moderna Vaccine and Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Case Report
Authors:   Internal Medicine Department, University of Maryland Capital Region Medical Center, USA, F Yazdanpanah , R Anderson ,   Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland Medical System, USA, J Catevenis ,   Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland Capital Region Medical Center, USA
Published: December 2021

The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created many problems in the entire world whether the disease itself, whether fighting back with limited treatment options and prevention tools. Owing to the escalating daily death rates from COVID-19, the development of a vaccine against this new disease was quite fast that the first authorized vaccine got approval less than a year after the onset of the pandemic. Data report different side effects of new COVID-19 vaccines including venous and arterial thrombotic events, vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia, vaccine-induced thrombosis with thrombocytopenia, and immune thrombocytopenia. Our case report highlights bilateral pulmonary embolism, six days after the first dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (Moderna) in a healthy gentleman.
Evaluation of an Algorithm for the Diagnosis and Therapy of Lyme Neuroborreliosis: A Follow-up Study
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria, L Linauer , J Brunner ,   Department of Paediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
Published: December 2021

Background: Although Lyme Neuroborreliosis (LNB) is often seen in paediatric practice, diagnostic criteria for LNB in children are not clearly defined. The guidelines for LNB in adults are based on a combination of clinical picture, CSF pleocytosis and the detection of specific antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in CSF and serum. Diagnostic procedure takes several days, thus it isn´t useful in deciding for the need of prompt antibiotic treatment. Aim of study was a retrospective evaluation of an algorithm for the diagnosis and therapy of lyme’s disease, which is used since 2005 at the paediatric department of Innsbruck. Patients and Methods: All patients presenting with acute peripheral facial palsy from January 2006 to December 2014 were reviewed. The patients were diagnosed according to the algorithm, based on the criteria of the German Society of Neurology. The focus lay on evaluation of diagnosis and therapy according to the algorithm and whether overtreatment and underdiagnosis could therefore be avoided. Results: 120 patients were enrolled with peripheral facial palsy. 65 (54%) were handled as bell´s palsy and 55 (46 %) as B. burgdorferi s.l. infection. 19 cases were classified as confirmed LNB, 10 as probable and 26 as possible LNB. A total of 69 patients (58 %) were treated correctly according to the algorithm, 16 (13%) were over treated and 14 (11%) under treated with antibiotics. 21 (18%) could not be classified, according to the algorithm, due to the lack of CSF results. Although receiving proper treatment, 3 cases had a persistent defect after recovery. Conclusions: The algorithm is an appropriate diagnostic tool for the diagnosis and therapy of LNB, particularly with regard to the necessity of a prompt antibiotic treatment, and therefore helpful to avoid underdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Ultrasound Assisted Neuraxial Blockade in Obstetric Anesthesia
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland, A Bondar , G Iohom ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
Published: December 2021

Central Neuraxial Blocks (CNBs) relevant to the practice of obstetric anesthesia and analgesia are spinal, epidural and combined spinal-epidural injections. These techniques are routinely used for cesarean deliveries and labor pain relief. Traditionally, CNBs are performed using surface anatomical landmarks. In the first instance the highest point of each iliac crest is identifies. The imaginary line connecting these points allegedly passes through the L4 vertebral body in non-pregnant women, and L3 vertebral body in pregnant women [1]. Based on this, the operator palpates and counts the spinous processes and decides on the needle entry point. Although this technique is widely accepted as relatively reliable, the correlation is inconsistent even in non-complicated cases. Obesity, tissue edema, pelvic rotation, limited ability to bend forward, hyperlordosis, labor pain, underlying spinal deformity or previous back surgery and instrumentation pose additional difficulty for anesthesiologists to correctly locate the intervertebral levels.
Peritoneal Metastases: Their Associated Imaging Features
Authors:   Service de Radiodiagnostic et Radiologie Interventionnelle, Bureau CIBM 09-084, rue Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland, C Dromain
Published: December 2021

Peritoneal Metastases (PM) detection remains a challenge even with modern imaging. Knowing imaging features of abnormal findings frequently associated with PM is of interest to improve PM detection. Although ascites is a common imaging finding of PM, the presence of ascites alone, even in patients with known cancer, is not enough to diagnose PM. The peritoneum should be read as an own organ with careful analysis of the ligament (e.g. falciform and hepatoduodenal ligament), the mesos and the omenta. Indirect manifestations of visceral peritoneal involvement is a segment of small bowel fixed to the parietal peritoneum, the appearance of blockage of free circulation of ascites, plurisegmental bowel obstruction and clumped bowel that is a strong predictor of diffuse involvement of the visceral peritoneum by a high grade tumor. Ovarian and umbilical metastases are frequently associated with PM in particular in digestive cancers. Moreover, ovarian metastases has been shown to be less responsive to chemotherapy than other metastases and should not be chosen as a target lesion for RECIST assessment. The presence of cardiophrenic angle lymph nodes also increases the possibility of metastatic spread in peritoneum. Finally, the most common PM mimickers include colonic diverticulum, mesenteric lymph nodes, splenosis implants, fat necrosis and postoperative changes after cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC.
Low Concentration Ethanol Prevents Oxidative Stress- Induced Cardiac Cells Injury Under HyperglycemicConditions by Inhibiting the SAPK/JNK Signaling Pathway and ROS Generation
Authors:   School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, The Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China, Y Tian , W Tian ,   Integrated Testing Centre, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China, Y Bai ,   School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China, A Zhang ,   Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300010, China, L Zhu ,   Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300010, China, X Zhang ,   Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300010, China, J Xu ,   School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects and mechanisms of ethanol on oxidative stress-induced cardiac H9c2 cells mitochondrial injury under hyperglycemic conditions. Under hyperglycemic conditions, ethanol pretreatment (10-100 μM) prevented H2O2-induced mitochondria swelling, as well as decreased cell viability and Respiratory Control Ratio (RCR) in the H9c2 cells. It also prevented TMRE fluorescence intensity loss and DCF fluorescence intensity increase under hyperglycemic conditions. These effects of ethanol were reversed by the SAPK/JNK agonist, anisomycin. Finally, treatment of H9c2 cells with 33mM glucose significantly enhanced Akt and ERK phosphorylation, which was not affected by ethanol. However, ethanol decreased the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK under hyperglycemic conditions. Collectively, these findings indicate that under hyperglycemic conditions, that ethanol prevents oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial injury in cardiac H9c2 cells by preventing ROS generation via inhibiting the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway.
Quantitative profiling and dynamics of mRNA modifications in Escherichia coli
Authors: Petrov Dimitar Plamenov , Kaiser Steffen , Kaiser Stefanie , Jung Kirsten
Published: December 2021

mRNA methylation is an important regulator of many physiological processes in eukaryotes but has not been studied in depth in prokaryotes. In contrast to the large number of eukaryotic mRNA modifications that have been described, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the only modification of bacterial mRNA identified to date. Here, we used a gel electrophoresis-based RNA separation method and quantitatively analyzed the mRNA-specific modification profile of Escherichia coli using mass spectrometry. In addition to m6A, we provide evidence for the presence of 7-methylguanosine (m7G), and we found first hints for 5-methylcytidine (m5C), N6,N6-dimethyladenosine (m6,6A), 1-methylguanosine (m1G), 5-methyluridine (m5U), and pseudouridine (Ψ) in the mRNA of E. coli, which implies that E. coli has a complex mRNA modification pattern. Furthermore, we observed changes in the abundance of some mRNA modifications during the transition of E. coli from the exponential growth to the stationary phase as well as upon exposure to stress. This study reveals a previously underestimated level of regulation between transcription and translation in bacteria.
Facile synthesis of biomass-based carbon materials nano-Ni-based catalysts and its application in selective hydrogenation of alkynes
Authors: liu Jianguo , Sun Jiangmin , Ma Longlong
Published: December 2021

The development of high efficiency, excellent selectivity, and super activity metal catalyst for chemical selective hydrogenation of alkynes to olefin is of great significance in the field of the chemical industry. At the same time, the development of a large number of available base metal catalysts for organic conversion remains an important objective of chemical research. Herein, we report a facile preparation of a simple, high catalytic activity, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive biomass carbon material supported nano-nickel catalyst from lignin residue. The entire preparation process of the catalyst is simple, reliable, economical, and environmentally friendly, which provides a potential utilization prospect for large-scale industrial applications of biomass-based carbon material catalysts. Biomass-based lignin residues can not only reduce the high oxidation state of nickel ions into nickel nanoparticles by the in-situ reducing gas generated during the calcination process, but the mesoporous structure of lignin residue also promotes the adsorption of nickel metal, which greatly improved the catalytic activity of biomass-based Ni-based catalysts. The simple synthetic green, cost-effective and sustainable biomass-based Ni-based catalyst shows good performance in the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene, reaching 97.2% conversion and 84.3% styrene selectivity, respectively.
The Essential Functional Interplay of the Catalytic Groups in Acid Phosphatase
Authors: Pfeiffer Martin , Nidetzky Bernd , Crean Rory , Moreira Cátia , Parracino Antonietta , Brecker Lothar , Hammerschmidt Friedrich , Oberdorfer Gustav , Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn
Published: December 2021

Cooperative interplay between the functional devices of a preorganized active site is fundamental to enzyme catalysis. A deepened understanding of this phenomenon is central to elucidating the remarkable efficiency of natural enzymes, and provides an essential benchmark for enzyme design and engineering. Here, we study the functional interconnectedness of the catalytic nucleophile (His18) in an acid phosphatase by analyzing the consequences of its replacement with aspartate. We present crystallographic, biochemical and computational evidence for a conserved mechanistic pathway via a phospho-enzyme intermediate on Asp18. Linear free-energy relationships for phosphoryl transfer from phosphomonoester substrates to His18/Asp18 provide evidence for cooperative interplay between the nucleophilic and general-acid catalytic groups in the wildtype enzyme, and its substantial loss in the H18D variant. As an isolated factor of phosphatase efficiency, the advantage of a histidine compared to an aspartate nucleophile is around 10^4-fold. Cooperativity with the catalytic acid adds ≥10^2-fold to that advantage. Empirical valence bond simulations of phosphoryl transfer from glucose 1-phosphate to His and Asp in the enzyme explain the loss of activity of the Asp18 enzyme through a combination of impaired substrate positioning in the Michaelis complex, as well as a shift from early to late protonation of the leaving group in the H18D variant. The evidence presented furthermore suggests that the cooperative nature of catalysis distinguishes the enzymatic reaction from the corresponding reaction in solution and is enabled by the electrostatic preorganization of the active site. Our results reveal sophisticated discrimination in multifunctional catalysis of a highly proficient phosphatase active site.
Glycosyl Exchange of Unactivated Glycosidic Bonds: Suppressing or Embracing Side Reactivity in Catalytic Glycosylations
Authors: Martin Joshua , Sati Girish , Malakar Tanmay , Hatt Jessica , Zimmerman Paul , Montgomery John
Published: December 2021

While developing boron-catalyzed glycosylations using glycosyl fluoride donors and trialkylsilyl ether acceptors, competing pathways involving productive glycosylation or glycosyl exchange were observed. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies suggest a novel mode of reactivity where a dioxolenium ion is a key intermediate that promotes both pathways through addition to either a silyl ether or to the acetal of an existing glycosidic linkage. Modifications in catalyst structure enable either pathway to be favored, and with this understanding, improved multicomponent iterative couplings and glycosyl exchange processes were demonstrated.
Effectiveness of Pregnancy Exercise With Kinesio Taping on Lower Back Pain in Pregnant Women in the Third Trimester
Authors: Mutoharoh Siti , Astuti Dyah Puji , Kusumastuti Kusumastuti , Rahmadhani Wulan , MD Phan Trieu Phu
Published: December 2021

Lower back pain is common for pregnant women. The back pain was  caused by the shift of the center of gravity towards the front as the uterus enlarges. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of pregnancy exercise with the addition of Kinesio taping on low back pain in pregnant mother  at third trimester.The study used a quasi-experimental method and it was conducted in a rural area under the coverage area of a puskesmas in Kebumen District. The population in this study wasl pregnant women in the area with a total of 247 pregnant women. This study involved 36 pregnant women in the third trimester selected using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of primiparous and multiparous, 28-36 weeks of gestation, experiencing low back pain, and no history of comorbidities and complications during pregnancy. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that pregnancy exercise with the addition of Kinesio taping had a significant effect on reducing low back pain in pregnant mother in the third trimester indicated by a P-value of 0.001.Pregnancy exercise with the addition of Kinesio taping can reduce low back pain in pregnant women in the third trimester.
The Hokianga Dog Tax Uprising
Authors: Comyn Catherine
Published: December 2021

Why was a seemingly mundane 19th-century fiscal measure—a tax levied on dog owners—met by Māori with widespread repudiation and an armed uprising? The significance of what is known as the ‘Hokianga Dog Tax Rebellion’ is often framed in terms of its apparent quashing by colonial forces in 1898, taken to signal the moment at which Crown sovereignty was finally imposed upon northern Māori. This paper questions the mainstream historical narrative, taking seriously the political stakes of taxation and locating the ‘dog tax’ within a disciplinary colonial regime that sought to interpellate Māori as financially and morally liable subjects. The dog tax was aimed at the protection of sheep, a central pillar of the early colonial economy, but was also viewed as a means of transforming Māori into citizen-subjects of the colonial regime. The doggedness with which colonial officials sought to enforce payment, and the steadfastness of Māori opposition to the tax, illuminate the highly politicised character of taxation in the colonial context. This article is an excerpt from Catherine Cumming’s The Financial Colonisation of Aotearoa, to be published by Economic and Social Research Aotearoa in late 2021.
Humans Rights Against Human Rights
Authors: Vallelly Neil
Published: December 2021

Review of Jessica Whyte, The Morals of the Market: Human Rights and the Rise of Neoliberalism. A new history of the parallel rise of neoliberalism and human rights.
The Short-Term Effects of Gendered Primary Prevention Campaigns on Ambivalent Sexism and Beliefs about the Acceptability of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors:   , Allen Shameela Halley
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to explore the effects of portrayed gender roles in media campaigns on participants’ endorsement of sexism and approval of intimate partner violence (IPV) across two studies. Study one (N = 227) used a within-subjects experimental design and consisted of two parts separated by a one-week period. In part one, participants completed an online questionnaire that consisted of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and the Beliefs about Relationship Aggression Scale. In part two, participants randomly viewed a poster depicting heterosexual IPV or a non-violent control, then completed the measures. Study two (N = 380) aimed to replicate study one using a between-subjects experimental design, and followed the procedure of study one, part two. ANOVA revealed that participants approved of female to male violence significantly more than male to female violence, and this approval was more pronounced for males, indicating a chivalrous norm. Regression analyses revealed the more that females, but not males, endorsed benevolent sexism (BS), the less they approved of male aggression (no provocation). Contrarily, the more male and female participants endorsed BS, the more they approved of female aggression (total and infidelity). Hostile sexism was not related to approval. Across both studies, regression analyses revealed that exposure to a poster depicting male aggression did not significantly change participants’ approval of IPV or level of sexism. In contrast, it was found that participants who viewed a poster depicting female aggression approved of female aggression (total and infidelity) significantly less than participants who viewed a non-violent control poster, however, this was only observed in study two. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed that exposure to a poster depicting female aggression decreased participants’ endorsement of BS, with females decreasing the most relative to baseline, however, this was only observed in study one. The need for prevention campaigns to be informed by multifactorial frameworks, rather than single factor gendered theories, is discussed alongside other implications for policy and practice.
Foraminiferal Analysis of the Late Miocene- Early Pleistocene Mangaopari Mudstone, South Wairarapa, New Zealand
Authors:   , Stoneburner Shelby
Published: December 2021

The foraminiferal content of thirty-two samples from the late Miocene-early Pleistocene Mangaopari Mudstone within the southern Wairarapa region have been examined with the aim of determining the age and depositional environment of the unit. In particular the study addressed whether or not there were glacioeustatic cycles present in the unit. Integrating foraminiferal faunal distributions and sedimentological analysis provided geological, paleoclimactic, and paleoceanographic evidence to aid in the reconstruction of the paleoenvironment. The data was then compared with conclusions from previous studies.  The section was divided into two different parts (upper and lower) based on changes in foraminiferal assemblages and grainsize distributions. The age and depositional environment of the Mudstone is suggested by the presence of several genera and species of foraminifera which is supported by grainsize analysis. The presence of Martinottiella communis and Karreriella cylindrica between 0-157.1m stratigraphically suggest that accumulation began in bathyal conditions at depths greater than 400m between. This is supported by grainsize analysis which indicates a medium silt with a high percent mud content ranging from 91.5-100%. This demonstrates deposition beginning in the late Miocene-early Pliocene at bathyal depths greater than 400m. The upper part of the mudstone (157.6-216.3) illustrates a regressive sequence with a distinctive shift to a much shallower depositional environment at outermost shelfal depths likely of 150-200m. This is represented with the presence of Truncorotalia sp. and Zygochlamys delicatula. Grainsize also support this discovery with a shift to very fine sandy silts with a percent mud content ranging from 83-93%.  Previous findings conclude that this distinctive shift was caused by glacioeustatic cycles yet our data do not correlate with our glacioeustatic findings. Therefore, this shift is believed to be triggered by a tectonic event.
Interior Infill - Urban Development Guide
Authors:   , Brosnahan Michael
Published: December 2021

This design research portfolio examines how interior architectural strategies might increase residential density through the adaptive reuse of historic buildings. The research aim is consistent with the Wellington City Council (WWC) urban development guide; with a projected Wellington population increase of around 45,000 by 2043. Such an increase justifies the research of strategies for increasing the density of residential areas. The urban development guide also outlines the projected population growth in specific areas of priority in Wellington (see numbers below). The overarching tone and message of the guide is consistent with The Atlantic’ s understanding that “reasons for preserving our existing building stock aren’t strictly cultural and sentimental; preservation should be understood as a land-use and economic tool that can be used to build denser, more attractive cities”. The main focus of the research is therefore to use interior architecture to produce a ‘liveable’ and ‘compact’ city, including how interior architecture could protect and enhance the special character of the inner city suburbs (a desire of the WCC)
Towards a More Comprehensive Picture of Park-And-Ride: A Mixed Methods Study of Stakeholder Perspectives and Transport Behaviour in Greater Wellington
Authors:   , Ryan Nicola
Published: December 2021

In response to the environmental, economic and social costs associated with over-reliance on the private car, planners and policy-makers are promoting Park-and-Ride, or the combined use of car and public transport. Despite Park-and-Ride’s growing popularity, little has been written on the subject in the New Zealand context. This thesis addresses this gap. Its objective is to understand the behaviour of commuters in order to inform the development of policies to increase walking and cycling to and from the station. It uses a mixed methods approach, based on stakeholder interviews and an online survey conducted in Greater Wellington.  Interviews with eight stakeholders involved in public transport planning and policy sought to provide insight into the challenges of implementing Park-and-Ride and how the concept can be developed in the future. More effective management of parking was seen as a key challenge for those tasked with making policy decisions. Stakeholders also discussed the potential for developing the concept, particularly by transitioning Park-and-Ride into interchanges for motorised and non-motorised transport modes, with priority given to walking and cycling access.  A survey conducted among 295 respondents who commuted to Wellington City sought to explore the psychological and contextual factors in predicting the intention to walk and cycle to the train station. The usefulness of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), with the addition of personal norm, environmental concern, and problem awareness, in predicting intention was tested. All TPB constructs were significant predictors and explained 54% and 36% of the variance in intention to walk and cycle respectively. The additional constructs made a small but significant contribution in explaining variance in intention (together, an additional 6% and 4% respectively). Based on the between-subjects design, the acceptability levels of proposed Park-and-Ride policies was low. Perceived effectiveness and fairness significantly influenced the acceptability of policies. Policy-makers may find these results useful in considering how to increase the acceptability of Park-and-Ride policies in future.
Depositional environment of the Branch Sandstone and correlative sequences: Late Cretaceous changes in relative sea level in the East Coast Basin of New Zealand
Authors:   , McCarthy Lisa
Published: December 2021

The Branch Sandstone is located within an overall transgressive, marine sedimentary succession in Marlborough, on the East Coast of New Zealand’s South Island. It has previously been interpreted as an anomalous sedimentary unit that was inferred to indicate abrupt and dramatic shallowing. The development of a presumed short-lived regressive deposit was thought to reflect a change in relative sea level, which had significant implications for the geological history of the Marlborough region, and regionally for the East Coast Basin.  The distribution and lithology of Branch Sandstone is described in detail from outcrop studies at Branch Stream, and through the compilation of existing regional data. Two approximately correlative sections from the East Coast of the North Island (Tangaruhe Stream and Angora Stream) are also examined to provide regional context. Depositional environments were interpreted using sedimentology and palynology, and age control was developed from dinoflagellate biostratigraphy. Data derived from these methods were combined with the work of previous authors to establish depositional models for each section which were then interpreted in the context of relative sea level fluctuations.  At Branch Stream, Branch Sandstone is interpreted as a shelfal marine sandstone, that disconformably overlies Herring Formation. The Branch Sandstone is interpreted as a more distal deposit than uppermost Herring Formation, whilst the disconformity is suggested to have developed during a fall in relative sea level. At Branch Stream, higher frequency tectonic or eustatic sea-level changes can therefore be distinguished within a passive margin sedimentary sequence, where sedimentation broadly reflects subsidence following rifting of the Tasman Sea. Development of a long-lived disconformity at Tangaruhe Stream and deposition of sediment gravity flow deposits at Angora Stream occurred at similar times to the fall in relative sea level documented at the top of the Herring Formation at Branch Stream. These features may reflect a basin-wide relative sea-level event, that coincides with global records of eustatic sea level fall.
Phenomenology of the Eucharist: A Reflection on Traditioning
Authors:   , Connors Kevin James
Published: December 2021

This thesis is an enquiry into how relationship differs from identity. It studies the senses of relationship and identity in the history of the Eucharist. The aim of the thesis is to describe how relationship and identity are expressed in the history of the Eucharist, and, by extension, in traditions generally. The thesis reflects on the Hebrew and Greek scriptures, historical celebrations of the Eucharist, Greek and Latin metaphysics, medieval mysticism and phenomenology. In Hebrew Scripture, a sense of infinite loveableness can be discerned in the expression "yahid". First century Christianity applied this particular sense of "yahid" to Jesus and this sense influenced the way the sacraments of initiation were celebrated. Accordingly, the Eucharist emerged through scripture and traditioning as a sign of infinite loveableness. The eucharistic expression of loveableness produces a sense of relationship which alters the Christian disciple's sense of identity. This alteration becomes actualised through expressions of hospitality and relational traditioning. Through reflecting on the dynamics of relationship and identity in the Eucharist a general phenomenology of tradition begins to emerge. This study was motivated by the author‘s belief that a relational theory of traditions and traditioning has not been written. By describing the relational significance of a traditional sign (the Eucharist), a contribution may have been made in two fields: the phenomenology of the Eucharist, and the phenomenology of tradition.
Role of the CtrA cell cycle regulator in the bloodborne bacterial pathogen, Bartonella quintana.
Authors:   , Thomson Robert Haydn
Published: December 2021

Bartonella quintana is an important re-emerging human pathogen and the causative agent of trench fever. It utilizes a stealth invasion strategy to infect hosts and is transmitted by lice. Throughout infection it is crucial for the bacteria to maintain a tight regulation of cell division, to prevent immune detection and allow for transmission to new hosts. CtrA is an essential master cell cycle regulatory protein found in the alpha-proteobacteria. It regulates many genes, ensuring the appropriate timing of gene expression and DNA replication. In the model organism Caulobacter crescentus, it regulates 26% of cell cycle-regulated genes. CtrA has been reported to bind two specific DNA motifs in gene promoter regions, TTAAN7TTAAC, and TTAACCAT. Genes regulated by CtrA encode proteins with a wide range of activities, including initiation of DNA replication, cell division, DNA methylation, polar morphogenesis, flagellar biosynthesis, and cell wall metabolism. However, the role of the CtrA homologue in Bartonella spp. has not been investigated. In this project we aimed to make an initial characterisation of the master cell cycle regulator CtrA. This was done by identifying gene regulatory regions containing putative CtrA binding sites and testing for direct interactions via a -galactosidase assay. It was found B. quintana CtrA shared 81 % amino acid identity with its C. crescentus homologue. Within the genome of B. quintana str. Toulouse we discovered 21 genes containing putative CtrA binding sites in their regulatory regions. Of these genes we demonstrated interactions between CtrA and the promoter region of ftsE a cell division gene [1], hemS, and hbpC, two heme regulatory genes. We also found no evidence of CtrA regulating its own expression, which was unexpected because CtrA autoregulation has been demonstrated in C. crescentus.