bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تخصيص العام بالأدلة المنفصلة " دراسـة تطبيقية "
Authors: جار النبي أحمد الهادي
Published: October 2021

The study entitled specifying prevalent utterance by separate evidence as applied study upon disagreement of fundamentalists in specifying prevalent utterance by separate evidence which might appear to be an obvious problem for the one who made aware of this disagreement particularly if he is not one of the specialists in jurisprudence. Accordingly, the main objective of this research is to identify this disagreement and to have by then insight into it through induction, analysis, and classification to find out whether it is influential disagreement when it runs into application on branches of jurisprudence or it is an only non-influential disagreement of utterance on the purpose of causing controversy along with overcoming in debate as in the case of much disagreements of fundamentalists. It is obviously that self-contained determinants in terms of numbers have been tackled so that a part of fundamentalists indicated them as nine in number, some others divided them into two sections, while others accounted them as four in number, namely mind, sense, text, and custom and by then considering remnants as branches affiliated to each other. In so far as the matter gets to this point, the researcher did not think that it should be indicated determinants as four in number and by then branches them out, but it was thought better to take trace of ancient fundamentalists in their classification. A number of results were reached by the study; some of the most important ones were: no consensus of opinion that achieved terms of being real consensus found relevant to these self-contained determinants, but all determinants have been tackled by disagreement despite the fact that some fundamentalists depicted the determinants as acquiescence in a part of their statements. Based on the results of the research, it was clearly found that it is a disagreement of utterance not disagreement of intangible content, as well as it has no influence on the classification of jurisprudence.
Postmodernizm, Dijitalleşme ve Hibrit Dindarlık
Authors: ÇUHADAR Mustafa
Published: October 2021

İletişim teknolojileri; dini yayma, daha fazla kişiyle buluşturma, dinî bilgilere, kaynaklara erişim ve dinî kimliği yansıtma gibi motivasyonlarla bir araya geldiğinde dindarlık ile iletişim teknolojileri arasında etkileşimlerin doğması kaçınılmazdır. Buna bağlı olarak dindarlığı tanımlarken özellikle son dönemlerde iletişim disiplininin kavramlarına yönelim bulunduğunu söylemek mümkündür: ‘Medya dindarlığı’, ‘prime-time dindarlığı’; ‘sanal dindarlık’, ‘sosyal medya dindarlığı’, ‘sanal cemaat dindarlığı’, ‘selfie-dindarlığı’, ‘tekno-dindarlık’, ‘dijitalleşen dindarlık’, ‘dijital dindarlık’, ‘kes-yapıştır dindarlığı’, ‘çevrim içi dindarlık’ bunlar arasında değerlendirilebilir. Bu kavramlar dindarlığın iletişim teknolojilerine bağlı olarak şekillendiği, dönüştüğü iması içermekte ve bir tipoloji oluşturmaktan ziyade dijitalleşme sürecinin günümüzdeki yansımalarını dindarlık bağlamında ele almaktadır. Dijitalleşmenin başladığı süreç, dünyanın postmodernizmle açıklandığı döneme denk gelmekte, iletişim araçlarının postmodern dünyadaki etkinliğine odaklanan yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır. Bu bakımdan dijitalleşme, postmodernizm ve dindarlık arasındaki ilişki, bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada Weber’in “ideal tipler” yöntemi kullanılacaktır. Bu yöntemle dijitalleşme, postmodernizm ve dindarlık arasındaki ilişki, literatürde yer alan muhtelif kaynaklardan yararlanılarak ‘hibrit dindarlık’ kavramıyla açıklanacaktır. Hibrit dindarlık, dijital mecralara uyumlu bir dindarlık formu olarak tanımlanacaktır.
TÜRK MİLLİYETÇİLİĞİ MİZAH ÜRETEBİLİR Mİ? ÇAYLAK DERGİSİ ÖRNEĞİ (1976-1978)
Authors: AVCI Cem Ozan
Published: October 2021

Mizah dergileri, hayata farklı bir bakış açısıyla bakabilen, toplumun nabzını tutabilen dergilerdir. Bu tür dergilerde sivri dil ve iğneleyici ifadelerle topluma, gündelik hayata, yaşanan siyasal, sosyal, ekonomik gelişmelere eleştiriler getirilmektedir. Politik mizah da belirli bir siyasal zaviyeden iktidara, muhalefete, siyasal sisteme yöneltilen eleştirilerden ortayaçıkmaktadır. Türk mizah yayıncılığının ilk dergisi 1852 yılında yayımlanan Boşboğaz Bir Adem isimli dergi olmakla birlikte günümüze kadar Diyojen, Akbaba, Gırgır, Tef, Uykusuz gibi yüzlerce mizah dergisi yayımlanmıştır. Çaylak dergisi ise Ülkücü Hareketin ideolojik sınırları çerçevesinde 1976-1978 yılları arasında 27 sayı yayımlanmış bir mizah dergisidir. Bumakalede öncelikle mizah kavramı kısaca irdelenecek, daha sonra ana hatlarıyla Türk kültüründe mizah, Türkiye'de mizah yayıncılığı ve Türkiye'de milliyetçi dergiler incelenecektir. Son bölümde ise Çaylak dergisi hakkında genel bilgiler verilecek, derginin ortaya çıkış sürecinden bahsedilecektir. Dergideki içerik derginin neşredildiği dönemdeki siyasi ortamdan NejatUygur'a kadar 10 farklı başlık altında gruplandırılmak suretiyle aktarılacak, Türk milliyetçiliğinin mizah üretip üretemeyeceğine dair cevap aranacaktır.
ՍՈՑԻԱԼԱԿԱՆ ԱՐԴԱՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՈՐՊԵՍ ԻՐԱՎԱՍՏԵՂԾ ԳՈՐԾԸՆԹԱՑԻ ՈՐԱԿԱԿԱՆ ՉԱՓԱՆԻՇ/SOCIAL JUSTICE AS A QUALITATIVE INDICATOR OF THE LAW-MAKING PROCESS/СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТЬ КАКА КАЧЕСТЕННЫЙ КРИТЕРИЙ ПРАВОТВОРЧЕСТВА
Authors: Jomardyan Nune
Published: October 2021

Based on the theories of A.Sen and J.Rolls, in this article, the implementation
of the principle of social justice was viewed from two perspectives: “equal
distribution of primary goods” and “equal opportunity in developing capabilities”.
According to the very methodological approach the relevance of social justice and
law-making was assessed in which social justice was prioritised as one of the
fundamental goals of the law-making process. The research has given much
prominence to contemporary legal technologies as well. Based on the analysis of
Tax Code recent changes, the existing imperfections were pointed out and the
ways of overcoming them were highlighted.
ԲԱԶՄԱՄՇԱԿՈՒԹԱՅՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՔԱՂԱՔԱԿԱՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ ԵՎՐՈՊԱԿԱՆ
ՄԻՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱՆՋԱՏՈՂԱԿԱՆ ՇԱՐԺՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ԱԿՏԻՎԱՑՄԱՆ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ/MULTICULTURAL POLICY ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF ACTIVITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION SEPARATIVE MOVEMENTS/ПРОБЛЕМЫ МУЛЬТИКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА В КОНТЕКСТЕ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СЕПАРАТИСТСКИХ ДВИЖЕНИЙ
Authors: Avetisyan Rafik
Published: October 2021

Considering the nationalist tendencies in the EU, the transformation of European nation-states, the increasing influx of immigrants, the socio-economic issues, it is necessary to identify the impact of the EU's multicultural policies on groups with different cultural norms and customs. The multilayered nature of the topic will provide a more comprehensive view of the issues of overcoming separatist crises. The article identifies the link between separatist demands of subdivisions with different cultural norms, and multicultural policies pursued by the state as a strategic tool for responding adequately to separatist challenges, restoring civic solidarity, and preventing the growth of social conflicts.
ԿՈՌՈՒՊՑԻԱՅԻ ՀԻՄՆԱԽՆԴՐԻ ՍՈՑԻԱԼ- ՓԻԼԻՍՈՓԱՅԱԿԱՆ ՎԵՐԼՈՒԾՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ/SOCIAL-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF CORRUPTION ISSUE/СОЦИАЛЬНО-ФИЛОСОФСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ПРОБЛЕМЫ КОРРУПЦИИ
Authors: Manukyan Yeranuhi
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the issue of corruption, as well as outlining possible ways of preventing it. This analysis is based on the approaches of well-known researchers based on international experience, particularly in Singapore. The article analyzes the issue of corruption in a broad and narrow sense. In the broadest sense, corruption is one of the most undesirable phenomena, which is also related to the possibilities of human behavior and relations, regulation, and social control.
In the narrow sense of the word corruption is a phenomenon, as a result of which the leader either abuses his / her official position or goes against the performance of his / her duties in order to obtain additional funds and it seems that the state is privatized by individuals. The article singles out the ways that show how to reduce, prevent or eliminate corruption due to the existence of developed legislation, moral education of the public, accountable civil servants.
Metodologia de Análise Qualitativa das Áreas Verdes Públicas: Um olhar sobre a Zona Norte da cidade de Cuiabá-MT
Authors: Benini Sandra Medina , Godoy Jeane Aparecida Rombi de Godoy
Published: October 2021

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo a análise da qualidade das Áreas Verdes Públicas Urbanizadas (AVPUs), a exemplo de praças, jardins e parques urbanos, os quais são destinados ao lazer e recreação na cidade contemporânea. Como recorte espacial do estudo, optou-se pela Zona Norte da cidade de Cuiabá-MT. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa qualitativa, foram adotados procedimentos metodológicos que tiveram como base lógica de investigação dividida em três fases: aberta ou exploratória, coleta de dados e análise e interpretação sistemática dos dados. Como resultado, verificou-se que a carência não só na quantidade de espaços públicos destinados ao lazer e recreação, bem como da qualidade desses espaços, o que denota a ausência de políticas públicas direcionadas para população de menor poder aquisitivo.
Desafios frente às injurias não intencionais sob o ponto de vista de professores da educação infantil
Authors: Pacheco Vanessa Crispim , Quadros Alexander de , Rossato Gabriela Camponogara
Published: October 2021

Introdução: As injúrias não intencionais são uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade dentro do contexto da educação infantil, representando assim um grave problema de saúde pública. Considerando o longo período que a criança permanece no ambiente escolar sob cuidados dos professores, a capacitação destes profissionais frente às injúrias é primordial para que um ambiente seguro seja promovido. Desta forma, cabe também à enfermagem trabalhar no sentido de investigar como este cenário se configura na atualidade. Objetivo: Conhecer os desafios enfrentados pelos professores da educação infantil frente às injúrias não intencionais. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo com delineamento transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Para a produção de dados utilizou-se um formulário eletrônico, disponibilizado através de plataformas digitais. Resultados: Segundo os achados deste estudo, 72,6% (n=90) dos participantes afirmam ter presenciado situações de injúrias, e apenas 37,9% (n=47) dos participantes afirmam sentirem-se seguros para prestar os primeiros cuidados, sendo que 67,7% (n=84)  referem ter participado de treinamento sobre urgência e emergência, direcionada a primeiros socorros, porém, 39,5%  (n=49) dos participantes realizaram o treinamento a mais de 2 anos. Considerações finais: A partir dos achados deste estudo podemos concluir que há uma carência no que diz respeito a capacitação dos professores frente a como agir frente às injúrias não intencionais, o que reflete na insegurança e despreparo deste profissional na realização dos primeiros atendimentos a criança neste cenário.
The recovery of metallic cadmium from the cadmium containing residue in a electrolytic zinc plant
Authors: Luong Manh Hung , Tran Ngoc Vuong
Published: October 2021

This report presents a process for recovery and purification of metallic cadmium from a residue of the purification process for zinc sulphate solution in Thai Nguyen electrolytic zinc plant. The cadmium containing residue was digested by sulfuric acid of 140 g/l at a temperature of 700C for 4h, the obtained solution will be purified for removal of some impurities such as iron, copper, etc. The purified solution with concentration 50 g/l of Cd,  120 g/l of sulphuric acid and 0.1 g/l of gelatin as an additive will be subjected to an electrolysis process with current density of 50 A/m2 for recovery of metallic cadmium. The temperature of electrolyte is lower 400C. Overall recovery of cadmium is 90%,  purity of the obtained metalic cadmium  is up to 99.0%.
Ion exchange resin selection for concentration and purification of uranium leached by sulphuric acid solution
Authors: Le Quang Thai , Pham Minh Tuan , Trinh Nguyen Quynh , Vu Khac Tuan , Nguyen Hong Ha , Bui Thi Bay
Published: October 2021

Ion exchange is one of the most popular techniques for recovery and purification of uranium from sulfuric acid leaching solution, especially for recovery of uranium from a low uranium containing solutions. Resins commonly used are strong base or weak base anion resins with amine functional group. The anionic form of resins may be NO3-, Cl- , SO­42- or OH-. The selection of  a resin depends on the uranium total exchange capacity, selectivity and the cost. The previous studies often use Amberlite IRA-420 for concentration and purification of uranium solution from Pa Lua sandstone ores. This is a good and suitable resin but high price. To diversify the resins and reduce the costs, instead of IRA-420, the authors tested two commercial resins Indion GS300 (India) and Purolite A400 (UK) in the processing of uranium solution from sandstone ores. The results showed that the uranium total exchange capacity of  these resins is only about 80 - 85% over  Amberlite IRA-420, but these resins should be able to be used instead of Amberlite IRA-420 due to their low cost and availability in Vietnam.
Stress Corrsion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels in High Temperature Water and Alternative Stainless Steel
Authors: Toshio Yonezawa
Published: October 2021

In order to clarify the effect of SFE on SCC resistance of austenitic stainless steels and to develop the alternative material of Type 316LN stainless steel for BWR application, the effect of chemical composition and heat treatment on SFE value and SCCGR in oxygenated high temperature water  were studied. The correlation factors between SFE values for 54 heats of materials and their chemical compositions for nickel, molybdenum, chromium, manganese, nitrogen, silicon and carbon were obtained. From these correlation factors, original formulae for SFE values calculation of austenitic stainless steels in the SHTWC, SHTFC and AGG conditions were established. The maximum crack length, average crack length and cracked area of the IGSCC for 33 heats were evaluated as IGSCC resistance in oxygenated high temperature water. The IGSCC resistance of strain hardened non-sensitized austenitic stainless steels in oxygenated high temperature water increases with increasing of nickel contents and SFE values.  From this study, it is suggested that the SFE value is a key parameter for the IGSCC resistance of non-sensitized strain hardened austenitic stainless steels. As an alternative material of Type 316LN stainless steel, increased SFE value material, which is high nickel, high chromium, low silicon and low nitrogen material, is recommendable.
Production of exoctic fragments by photofission process combined with stopping gas cell at ELI-NP facility
Authors: Phan Viet Cuong , BALABANSKI DIMITER L. , CONSTANTIN PAUL , Tran Duc Thiep , Nguyen The Vinh , Bui Minh Hue
Published: October 2021

Extreme Light Infrastructure Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP) facility is being built at Bucharest-Magurele, which then allow us to do research about nuclear physics using a new set of research tools: high power laser system and high brilliance gamma beams. One of day-one experiment proposed at this facility is to study the photofission of actinide by the high-intensity gamma beam through measurement of mass and beta decay. In addition, ternary fission will be also studied. In particular, the measurements of exotic neutron-rich nuclei produced by photofission, especially isotopes of refractory elements, is of great interest and requires the development of an IGISOL-type (Ion guide isotope separation online). In this report, we will present benchmark simulation of photofission rate and rates of related background processes.
Discrimination of cosmic-ray in scintillation region and light-guide for plastic scintillation detectors using 5GSPS readout system
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Hung , Vo Hong Hai , Masaharu Nomachi , Nguyen Trong Tin
Published: October 2021

At sea level, the measurement of energy spectrum for cosmic-ray flux determination using two-coincidence plastic scintillation detectors with “traditional” electronic-readout system may include not only cosmic-ray in scintillator region but also light-guide region. In this work, we carry out a measurement of cosmic-ray using two-coincidence plastic scintillation detectors with size of each 80cm×40cm×3cm thick, and an electronic-readout system of 5GSPS (i.e. 200 ps sampling-time resolution). With the readout system, the shapes of pulses from scintillation detectors can be observed. The behavior of time responses of pulses in a plastic scintillator and a light-guide may be different. Based on some characteristics of these responses (such as pulse width, its falling edge, etc. ), it is possible to discriminate cosmic-ray in scintillation region from light-guide region. The vertical cosmic-ray flux was measured to 0.1×10-3count.s-1cm-2. The obtained results will be presented and discussed in detail. The experiment was set up and measured at the Nuclear laboratory, Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Science, HCMC-Vietnam National University
Experiencias de duelo en cuidadores de personas con diagnóstico de parálisis cerebral
Authors: Palacios Escoto Fernanda Vanessa , Ortega Laguna José Enrique , Solís Zúniga Franklin Jesús
Published: October 2021

El duelo es un proceso natural que atraviesan las personas como reacción ante la pérdida de una persona o algo significativo, se tiende a pensar en duelo solo en el contexto de la muerte de una persona querida, pero también puede producirse como reacción ante la pérdida del ser anhelado e idealizado, en este caso se produce ante el diagnóstico de discapacidad de una persona en el seno familiar. La investigación se realizó con el objetivo de comprender las experiencias de duelo en cuidadoras de personas con diagnóstico de parálisis cerebral, en el Centro Los Pipitos Matagalpa, agosto – diciembre 2020. Se llevó a cabo a través de un enfoque cualitativo diseño fenomenológico y alcance exploratorio. La muestra estuvo conformada por cuatro cuidadoras afiliadas al centro los Pipitos de la ciudad de Matagalpa, seleccionadas mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron entrevistas en profundidad a las cuidadoras, entrevista semiestructurada a una psicóloga que trabaja el área de salud mental, guía de observación a las cuidadoras. Los principales resultados demuestran la existencia de un proceso doloroso en las cuidadoras de personas con diagnóstico de parálisis cerebral, incluso una de las cuidadoras presenta un duelo aún no resuelto. Se percibió mucho estrés, sobre todo el apego y sobreprotección que tienen a sus familiares. Finalmente, se plantea un plan de intervención general con estrategias y técnicas de intervención psicológica para afrontar el duelo en cuidadores de personas con Parálisis Cerebral.
¿Qué pasó con las estrategias dirigidas a la respuesta del VIH y el Sida en el municipio de Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua? Un punto de inflexión crítico desde las Representaciones Sociales
Authors: Paiz Malespín Gretta , Pastorino María Sol
Published: October 2021

Este es un estudio que desde la mirada de mujeres y hombres indígenas miskitos con VIH, médicos tradicionales y actores claves consultados refuerzan la tesis que la respuesta del VIH y el SIDA en el Caribe Norte de Nicaragua, tuvo como centro una práctica institucional intercultural en un periodo marcado por grandes aciertos y avances en materia de accesibilidad, participación, equidad, igualdad, derechos humanos, y sostenibilidad de las estrategias. El estudio se propone buscar, encontrar y definir nuevos caminos para la implementación de intervenciones con visión holística, viables y sostenibles en el tiempo. Problematiza y evidencia desde el circuito de la cultura, la relación existente entre lo que se hace en el proceso de producción de las estrategias y lo que se dice respecto al VIH y SIDA como constitución de un sistema de representaciones sociales desde el cual se hace necesario incidir e influenciar para deconstruir prácticas configurativas de prejuicios, estigma, discriminación, violencias y desigualdades estructurales. Desde el uso de la Grounded Theory se procedió a la elaboración de un esquema de clasificación jerárquico de la información, arrojando a modo global importantes conceptos y categorías que sostienen y reafirman socialmente la vigencia de concepciones, prácticas, valores, signos, sentidos y significados que moldean la percepción que la gente tiene respecto al VIH/SIDA. Congruente con lo anterior, el estudio evidencia que si bien hoy el Estado de Nicaragua realiza grandes esfuerzos por contener la pandemia del VIH/SIDA, urgen intervenciones y acciones integrales con pertinencia intercultural de género e intergeneracional, que incentiven y aseguren el involucramiento de la sociedad.
El rol de las Finanzas dentro de las Teorías Organizacionales
Authors: Osinaga Flores Leny Carol
Published: October 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión documental es identificar el rol que cumplen las finanzas dentro de diferentes teorías de la organización, tales como administración científica, administración clásica, burocracia, teoría de las relaciones humanas, teoría de sistemas, política, institucionalismo, recursos y capacidades, y agencia, que han establecido las bases para explicar la administración de las organizaciones. Si bien estas han ido evolucionando como todo proceso colectivo a través de los años, surge la necesidad de realizar un análisis para identificar cuál es el rol de las finanzas dentro de diferentes teorías de la organización y así, comprender en qué momento empiezan las teorías financieras a independizarse, y también qué tipo de rol es el cumple cada una en las finanzas. Se concluye que las teorías Científica, Funcional, de las Relaciones Humanas y del Comportamiento, de los Sistemas, Política, Institucional, llegan a cumplir un rol sobre las finanzas, pero es hacia el individuo de las organizaciones, ya que es el personal el que ejecuta las diversas funciones que son parte del engranaje general de las organizaciones y era apropiado hacer su estudio; y las teorías que sí se identifican con mayor importancia ya que consideran términos con una relación directa con las finanzas, son las teorías de la Burocracia, la de Recursos y Capacidades, y de la Agencia.
Primeiro registro da ocorrência de  Culex (Melanoconion) pereyrai Duret, 1967 (Diptera: Culicidae) no Paraná, sul do Brasil
Authors: Silva e outros Allan Martins da
Published: October 2021

Primeiro registro da ocorrência de  Culex (Melanoconion) pereyrai Duret, 1967 (Diptera: Culicidae) no Paraná, sul do Brasil
Mosquitos sinantrópicos (Diptera: Culicidae) do Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil
Authors: Silva Allan Martins da
Published: October 2021

Mosquitos sinantrópicos (Diptera: Culicidae) do Estado do Paraná,sul do Brasil
Information Communication Technology Use Related Challenges and their Coping Strategies in Monastic Religious Life
Authors:   Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Mutuku Catherine A. Muthoki , Nyandiwa Chrispine Ouma ,   Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Ngundo Bibiana ,   Catholic University of Eastern Africa
Published: October 2021

The study attempted to investigate the challenges that the monastic religious encounter in the use of information communication technologies with reference to internet, mobile phones, computers/laptops and digital televisions; and their coping strategies, a case of the Missionary Benedictine Sisters of Tutzing (MBST) in Nairobi Priory, Kenya. The world today is witnessing tremendous changes and development in the information and communication technologies. However, there is scanty literature that addresses the challenges and the strategies that can be used by religious consecrated men and women, to cope up with the modern communication technologies effectively. The study employed sequential explanatory mixed methods. The target population included the perpetually professed sisters, junior sisters in the leadership team (superiors, formators and administrators) of the monastic religious congregation of the MBST Nairobi Priory, Kenya. Questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) were the instruments used to collect data. The findings of the study in which both the challenges and the strategies were presented in a 4-point Likert scale and respondents were asked to indicate their choices from; 4=Strongly agree, 3=Agree, 2=Disagree, 1=Strongly disagree revealed that: With the challenges the use of ICTs pose to the monastic lifestyle (community life and the evangelical counsels); majority of them in all the 14 challenges presented, agreed and strongly agreed to them. Likewise the interviews and FGD had similar experiences with the same challenges. The strategies for coping up with the challenges too showed similar responses to a greater extent in agreement. From the study it is clear that, as monastic religious, the MBST cannot not afford to be alien to the modern means of communication as they are the chief means of information and education, of guidance and inspiration. Since they are unavoidably embedded in daily life, the religious consecrated should use them conscientiously and responsibly to become a factor of humanization, which calls for a proper formation of conscience. Keywords: Information Communication Technology, Challenges, Coping Strategies, Monastic Religious Life, Missionary Benedictine Sisters of Tutzing, Kenya
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEMAMPUAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MERAWAT JENASAH SECARA ISLAMI DI KELURAHAN PEDALANGAN KECAMATAN BANYUMANIK SEMARANG
Authors: Makarim Sayoto , Daryono Daryono , Anggraheni Dini
Published: October 2021

The Purpose of this study is to sosialize the understanding of treating a dead body in Islamic ways in Pedalangan Village, Banyumanik Sub District, Semarang. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative through pretest and postest as the tools to analyze and solve the problems. This study is able to provide solutions to various deficiencies in understanding how to take care of dead body in Islamic way with 3.8%-53.9% incremental understanding.

 

Key words: society, take care of dead body, increase the understanding
AMIR-HASSAN COMPLICATED RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Ikasari Hertiana
Published: October 2021

The Kite Runner presents new idea and color, namely complexity of conflict toward friendship (characters) and other conflicts that happened in Afghanistan during colonization and post colonization era. There are relationships at the heart of The Kite Runner. The friendship between the two main characters, Amir and Hassan and the relationship between father and son are of importance in the novel. The first important relationship in the novel is the one between Amir and Hassan. This relationship is very complex. The objectives of the study are to analyze complicated relationship between Amir and Hassan on The Kite Runner novel and to analyze Socio-Psychological perceived on Amir and Hassan relationship

The writer uses qualitative descriptive research. The writer uses the primary data and the secondary data. The primary data source is The Kite Runner novel as the object of the research. The secondary data were taken from books and journal articles supporting the analysis of Amir and Hassan relationship.

The result shows that the factors influencing the relationship are similarity, reciprocity of liking and positive quality. The similarity between Amir and Hassan are on three things: family background, preference and complex problem. Based on

J.W Thibaut and H.H Kelley’s social exchange theory, Amir and Hassan have good outcome, because it comes from the high rewards and low cost. Finally the value of Amir and Hassan’s relationship is the tied and interdependence relationship. It is represented by the formula: Outcome > CL > CL ALT it means: satisfactory, stable and interdependence.

 

Keywords: Relationship, Socio Psychology, Social Exchange Theory, Satisfactory, Stable
PENGGUNAAN STRATEGI PENERJEMAHAN KOSAKATA BUDAYA JAWA TENGAH BERBAHASA INDONESIA KE DALAM BAHASA JEPANG DALAM MEDIA INFORMASI PARIWISATA
Authors: Muryati Sri , Astuti Bekti Setio
Published: October 2021

This research is a study on cultural word translation strategies from Indonesian into Japanese. The purposes of the study are: firstly, identifying cultural words that do not have any equivalence between the source language (TSu) secondly, investigating the translation strategies used for those words with no equivalence; and thirdly, finding out the meaning shift occurring in the process of translation. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method. The strategies used by the translator include: 1) translation using more general terms, 2) translation using loan words or loan words with explanation, 3) translation using paraphrase. Two meaning shifts are found: 1) shift from generic to more specific or vice versa, and 2) shift because of different cultural point of view.
THE CONCEPTS OF MANIS AND PAHIT IN INDONESIAN EXPRESSIONS (COGNITIVE LINGUISTIC APPROACH)
Authors: Adhalina Nurul
Published: October 2021

Manis and pahit that are well known as the kinds of flavour are used by Indonesian to express experiences, thoughts, feelings, or anything in daily activities. It happens since special characters of these flavours have been structured in people thoughts. By means of this this study, the writer attempts to describe kinds of meaning represented by Indonesian manis and pahit expressions and also describe things of life associated with manis and pahit in Indonesian expressions. The data are manis and pahit expressions found and selected randomly from several sources. The writer uses non participants’ observation, and note taking techniques to present the data. Referential identity, distributional, reflective introspective and abductive inferential methods are also used to analyze the data. The result shows that manis and pahit in Indonesian expressions represent three kinds of meaning; connotative, metaphoric, and ironic. Manis and pahit in Indonesian expressions also associate with eleven things in life; condition, feeling, attitude, action, physical appearance, result, relationship, process, event, statement, and life.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF A BROKEN FAMILY TOWARDS THE CHILDREN’S BEHAVIOUR AS SEEN IN NOVEL RAINBIRDS
Authors: Diana Novi , Muhid Ahmad , Kurniadi Didit
Published: October 2021

In this article, the topic is about the impact from a broken family towards the children behaviour base on the novel RAINBIRDS. The goal of this research is to analyze it under the title “An Analysis on The Impact of A Broken Family Towards The Children’s Behaviour as Seen in Novel: Rainbirds”. In the analysis, there are two methods of research; firstly, library research then taking opinion from experts to support the idea. To get the data, structural approach is used because the discussion is about the structure of story such as character and characterization. It uses the theory of B.F Skinner about behaviorism and Sigmund Freud about Id, Ego and Superego to analyze deeply about the behaviour of the characters and find out about their personality that leads to their actions. From the discussion, based on the psychology theory mentioned, Ren Ishida is mostly superego type of person because he often does something good although he was id-driven caused from his childhood experience in his family. Rio Nakajima on the other hand, is mostly id-driven, she tends to do action as she please without realizing the impact of her action towards herself. Each character has their struggle. Each character is battling with their problem and reacts in a different ways. This story is very interesting because through the story we can learn more about the struggle children will endure if they have a broken family and how that problem impacts their life.
STANDARDIZATION OF HYGROPHILA SPINOSA AND ITS FORMULATION WITH REFERENCE TO LUPEOL, BY DEVELOPED AND VALIDATED HPTLC AND RP-HPLC METHODS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Coimbatore-691 044. Tamil Nadu, India., Jayaprakasam R , Saleshier M. F. , Ravi T. K.
Published: October 2021

The separation and determination of lupeol from Hygrophila spinosa were carried out by two simple, precise and accurate HPTLC and RP-HPLC methods. HPTLC method for the determination of lupeol from plant extract and its formulation was developed using a solvent system consisting of toluene : ethyl acetate : methanol (15: 3: 1.5%v/v/v). For detection, lupeol had to be derivatized with Liebermann Burchard reagent at 1050C. The optimum wavelength was fixed as 366nm. In RP-HPLC, the separation was carried out on a C18 column and the mobile phase selected was methanol: acetonitrile (30:70%v/v). The maximum wavelength was found to be 210nm.The method was validated in terms of various parameters. Low relative standard deviation and good % recovery values of both the methods showed that the developed methods were highly precise and accurate and therefore can be used for the standardization and quantification of lupeol in Hygrophila spinosa and its formulation.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF NEW RP–HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF BESIFLOXACIN IN ANIMAL MODEL
Authors:   R. V. Northland Institute, Chitehra-203 207, Dadri, UP, India., Singh A , Singh C. L , Kumar S. , Kumar M.
Published: October 2021

A sensitive and accurate reversed– phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV absorbance detection at 289 nm was developed and validated for the determination and quantification of besifloxacin (BSF) in rat plasma. Ofloxacin was used as an internal standard (IS). The sample was prepared by liquid extraction of BSF from plasma, using methanol and acetonitrile (70:30). The chromatographic separation was achieved with octadecylsilane (ODS-3), Hypersil® C18 column (250 mm×6mm×5μm). The chromatographic runtime was less than 5 minutes where the retention time of internal standard and the drug was 2.15 min and 3.30 min respectively. A standard curve with a regression coefficient (r2) 0.999 was obtained in the range of 0.025-20 μg/mL. The method was validated with respect to linearity, range, precision, accuracy and robustness according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be accurate and robust with a runtime of less than 5 minutes. Hence, the present method was rapid and economical to use for clinical studies as well as to analyze the drug in different plasma samples.
ANTI-TUBERCULAR ACTIVITY OF SYNTHESIZED NOVEL 2,5-DISUBSTITUTED-1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal - 576 104, Karnataka, India., Ega D , Attari Z , Mudgal J. , Bairy I. , Vishnuprasad S. , Nampurath G. K
Published: October 2021

A few novel 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antitubercular activity. The anti-tubercular activity was carried out as per the Rist and Grosset proportion method. Among the eight derivatives, the compounds substituted at ortho-position of the aromatic ring showed anti-tubercular activity comparable with the standard, isoniazid.
QBD BASED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SCREENING AND ANALYSIS OF TELAPRAVIR AND 7 OTHER ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research [NIPER-Hyderabad] Balanagar, Hyderabad-500 037, India., Kumar N. S , Kumaraswamy R , Shantikumar S. , Paul D.
Published: October 2021

The present study describes the separation and simultaneous estimation of eight anti-retroviral drugs, namely, Telaprevir (TPV), Emtricitabine (ECB), Fosamprenavir (FANV), Tenofavir (TNF), Ritonavir (RNV), Raltegravir (RGV) and Oseltamivir (OSMV) and Zidovudine (ZDV) as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, by RP-HPLC method by applying the principles of Quality by Design (QbD). An application of DoE (Design of Experiments) full factorial design was used for initial screening and optimization. The final optimized method consists of separation being carried out on a Fortis C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μ particle size) using acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium formate buffer (pH 3 adjusted with formic acid) using a gradient program. The quantitative evaluation was performed with a diode array detector at 251 nm and 230 nm with a flow rate of 1 mL min–1. Suitability of this method for the quantitative determination of the drugs was proved by validation in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method is selective, precise, robust and accurate and can be used for routine analysis of pharmaceutical formulations in quality control and counterfeit screening.
QUALITY BY DESIGN: AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulation), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar - 160062, Mohali, Punjab, India., Suresh S , Roy S. , Ahuja B. K
Published: October 2021

Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic, scientific, holistic and proactive approach that begins with pre-defined objectives and emphasis on product, process understanding and process control. It essentially necessitates designing and developing the product and the manufacturing process to achieve the predefined product quality objectives. QbD identifies characteristics that are vital to quality from the patient’s point of view and converts them into critical quality attributes (CQAs) that the product should possess. Further, it establishes the limits, the design space, for critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) that affect the CQAs within which the process will be unaffected and consistently manufacture the desired product. This knowledge is then used to implement a flexible and robust manufacturing process that can adapt and yield a stable product. Risk assessment tools and design of experiments (DoE) are its integral components. This article gives a road map for successful implementation of QbD for pharmaceutical products.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL GASTRORETENTIVE RAFT FORMING FLOATING FILM OF ATENOLOL
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog - 177 101, Tehsil: Dehra, Distt: Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India., Sharma N , Awasthi R.
Published: October 2021

The aim of present work was to develop a gastroretentive floating raft forming film of atenolol using solvent casting technique. The films were characterized in terms of drug-excipient compatibility by FTIR, drug content, swelling, folding endurance, thermal behaviour by DSC, effect of processing parameters on drug state (amorphous or crystalline) by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and in vitro drug release profiles. The results confirm that there was no interaction between the drug-polymers and fusion of drug crystals within the polymer matrix. Results of XRD indicate partial dissolution of drug within the polymer matrix and suggested it was partly distributed in amorphous form throughout the film. The weight variation, thickness and folding endurance of films were in the range of 2.170 ± 0.05 to 2.444 ± 0.23 gm, 1.120 ± 0.032 to 1.125 ± 0.011 mm and 200 ± 5 to 400 ± 5, respectively. The pH values of the different films were between 6.8 to 7.21. After 24 h, the best selected film shows 75% and 90% of drug release in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), respectively. Based on these results it is suggested that the incorporation of drug into the hydrophilic floating film may be an appropriate strategy to improve the dissolution profile and oral bioavailability of the drug.
IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, K.J.Somaiya College of Science & Commerce, Vidyavihar, Mumbai – 400 077, Maharashtra, India., Pawaskar S. M , Sasangan K. C.
Published: October 2021

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.
MICROWAVE GENERATED SOLID DISPERSION OF REPAGLINIDE WITH NOVEL NATURAL CARRIER MODIFIED GUM KONDAGOGU
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R C Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, (MS) 425 405, India., Ramvallabh Z. L , Baburao B. S
Published: October 2021

The influence of microwave technology and modified gum kondagogu (MGK) on the in vitro dissolution rate of a poorly - water soluble drug repaglinide (RG) was studied. Solid dispersions were prepared using gum kondagogu (GK) & MGK as a carrier by microwave method. Microwave generated solid dispersions with MGK exhibited remarkable improvement in solubility and dissolution rate compared to that of pure RG. In conclusion, microwave method together with MGK as a potential carrier could be considered as simple, efficient and solvent free promising alternative method to prepare solid dispersions.
APPLICATION OF HPTLC AND RP-HPLC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF OFLOXACIN AND PREDNISOLONE ACETATE IN OPHTHALMIC DOSAGE FORM
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur - 425 405, Dist. Dhule (MS), India., Chavhan M. L , Patil A. S , Surana S. J , Shirkhedkar A. A.
Published: October 2021

Two simple, rapid, precise, accurate and robust (HPTLC and RP-HPLC) methods have been established for simultaneous determination of ofloxacin and prednisolone acetate in its combined ophthalmic formulation. HPTLC separation of two drugs was accomplished on a HPTLC aluminum-backed layer of silica gel 60 F254 using n-butanol: methanol: ammonia (60:10:30% V/V/V) as a mobile phase. The densitometric scanning was performed at 275 nm which showed Rf 0.43 for ofloxacin and 0.78 for prednisolone acetate, respectively. RP-HPLC separation of the two drugs was achieved on LC-GC Qualisil BDS C-18 column using mobile phase methanol: acetonitrile: 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen ortho-phosphate anhydrous (50:15:35% V/V/V), pH adjusted to 4.5 with triethylamine. Detection of both drugs was done at 275 nm. Aspirin was used as an internal standard (IS). The retention time for ofloxacin, prednisolone acetate and aspirin (IS), was found to be 4.36 min. and 6.60 min and 3.55 min, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of both drugs in bulk and in combined ophthalmic formulation. Assay of both these methods were compared using student t-test.
Rights-Based Conservation: The path to preserving Earth's biological and cultural diversity?
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative
Published: October 2021

This report is informed by the imperative to prevent the collapse of biodiversity while respecting the tenure and human rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples. It seeks to highlight the risks and opportunities arising out of the proposed expansion of conservation areas by asking the following questions: 1) How many people live within important biodiversity conservation areas, including existing protected areas that could be affected by future conservation action required to meet biodiversity protection imperatives? 2) What is the distribution of people living in important biodiversity conservation areas according to the income status of countries? 3) As a notional exercise, what could be the potential financial cost of exclusionary conservation practices applied to all high biodiversity value terrestrial areas? 4) What are the costs and benefits of community rights-based conservation as an alternate pathway for the expansion of areas under conservation to meet biodiversity goals? 5) To what extent would recognizing and enforcing the collective tenure rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples contribute towards area-based targets for conservation?
Biologically Plant-Based Pigments In Sustainable Innovations For Functional Textiles –The Role Of Green Chemistry
Authors: Thakker Alka Madhukar , Sun Danmei
Published: October 2021

The textile industry is witnessing a paradigm shift towards sustainability to circumvent ecological dilemmas and human health jeopardies arising from textile processing. Therefore, the review paper herein focuses on the role of green chemistry in synthesizing the natural biological pigments and biomordants for textile substrates such as Sarsasapogenin and soyasaponin from areetha nut extract. Concurrently, the overview aligns the data on the chemical characterization of these plant-based renewable pigments for textile processing that is chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids others. Likewise, the subtle and vital role of bioactive biological compounds in plant pigments for functional textiles applications for example antibacterial, analgesic, and more is succinctly accentuated. The review paper identifies the substantial surplus reserve of plant-based materials that could be conserved for sustainable implications in the textile field. However, there is a prodigious scope of research and development in the same and therefore concludes by citing the multi-disciplinary research as future work to mitigate declared climate emergency for international thrive ability. Likewise, the responsibility of conserving biodiversity, adhering to sustainable development goals, and cradle-to-cradle theories are reinforced in the review paper.