bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of Motor Imagery Tasks Derived from Unilateral Upper Limb based on a Weight-optimized Learning Model
Authors: Cai Qing , Liu Chuan , Chen Anqi
Published: May 2024

Background: The accuracy of decoding fine motor imagery (MI) tasks remains relatively low due to the dense distribution of active areas in the cerebral cortex. Methods: To enhance the decoding of unilateral fine MI activity in the brain, a weight-optimized EEGNet model is introduced that recognizes six types of MI for the right upper limb, namely elbow flexion/extension, wrist pronation/supination and hand opening/grasping. The model is trained with augmented electroencephalography (EEG) data to learn deep features for MI classification. To address the sensitivity issue of the initial model weights to classification performance, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to determine the convolution kernel parameters for each layer of the EEGNet network, followed by optimization of the network weights through backpropagation. Results: The algorithm’s performance on the three joint classification is validated through experiment, achieving an average accuracy of 87.97%. The binary classification recognition rates for elbow joint, wrist joint, and hand joint are respectively 93.92%, 90.2%, and 94.64%. Thus, the product of the two-step accuracy value is obtained as the overall capability to distinguish the six types of MI, reaching an average accuracy of 81.74%. Compared to commonly used neural networks and traditional algorithms, the proposed method outperforms and significantly reduces the average error of different subjects. Conclusions: Overall, this algorithm effectively addresses the sensitivity of network parameters to initial weights, enhances algorithm robustness and improves the overall performance of MI task classification. Moreover, the method is applicable to other EEG classification tasks; for example, emotion and object recognition.
Proteomic Landscape Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Individuals with Long-term Methamphetamine Dependence
Authors: Wang Xuru , Li Liangtao , Wang Hongbiao , Zhou Yu , Li Yongchao , Li Cuicui , Zhou Chenglin , Wang Yingying
Published: May 2024

Background: Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive drug that directly affects the central nervous system. METH use not only harms the user’s health but also poses risks and costs to society. Prolonged METH dependence has been shown to impair cognition, which may be the primary factor in impulsive drug-seeking behaviors and high relapse rates. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying METH addiction and METH-induced cognitive decline remain poorly understood. Methods: To illuminate the potential molecular mechanisms underpinning METH addiction, we compared serum protein expression levels between 12 long-term METH users and 12 healthy controls using label-free quantitative proteomics. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to determine functional networks and protein-protein interactions. Results: In total, 23 differentially expressed proteins were identified between the two groups. The differentially expressed proteins were related to cognitive dysfunction, neuroinflammation, immune impairment, metabolic disturbances, and calcium binding and regulation. Conclusions: These 23 proteins may underpin the multi-system damage induced by chronic METH exposure. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of METH addiction and inform potential prevention and treatment strategies for individuals with METH dependence.
Present and Future Surgical Options for Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Tagliari Ana Paula , Taramasso Maurizio
Published: May 2024

Tricuspid regurgitation, once considered a relatively benign condition, has now gathered significant attention due to new evidence showing its impact on both short- and long-term follow-up. While surgical intervention remains the established standard approach for treating severe tricuspid regurgitation, current guidelines provide Class I indication for intervention in only a limited set of scenarios. This review delves into the present and future perspectives of surgical tricuspid regurgitation management, examining aspects such as disease prognosis, surgical indications, outcomes, and a comprehensive overview of past and upcoming clinical trials.
The Effects of Pulmonary Artery Catheter on the Short-Term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Xie Chun-mei , Yao Yun-tai , Qi Wen-hui , Shen Meng-qi , He Li-xian , in Cardiovascular Anesthesia (EICA) Group the Evidence
Published: May 2024

Background: Pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) are widely used in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting surgery. However, primary data suggested that the benefits of PAC in surgical settings were limited. Therefore, the present study sought to estimate the effects of PAC on the short-term outcomes of patients undergoing OPCAB surgery. Methods: The characteristics, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes of consecutive patients undergoing primary, isolated OPCAB surgery from November 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively extracted. Patients were divided into two groups (PAC and no-PAC) based on PAC insertion status. Data were analyzed with a 1:1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matched-pair in PAC and no-PAC groups. Results: Of the 1004 Chinese patients who underwent primary, isolated OPCAB surgery, 506 (50.39%) had PAC. Propensity score matching yielded 397 evenly balanced pairs. Compared with the no-PAC group (only implanted a central venous catheter), PAC utilization was not associated with improved in-hospital mortality in the entire or matched cohort. Still, the matched cohort showed that PAC utilization increased epinephrine usage and hospital costs. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated no apparent benefit or harm for PAC utilization in OPCAB surgical patients. In addition, PAC utilization was more expensive.
Association between Blood Urea Nitrogen Level and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Subsequent Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Luo Fangyi , Chen Xue , Sun Yamei , Zhang Jie
Published: May 2024

Background: Limited studies have explored the association between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and subsequent gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Our objective was to explore this correlation. Methods: 276 individuals with AMI and subsequent GIB were retrospectively included between January 2012 and April 2023. The predictive value of BUN for in-hospital mortality was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the relationship between BUN and in-hospital mortality. Propensity score weighting (PSW), sensitivity and subgroup analyses were used to further explore the association. Results: Fifty-three (19.2%) patients died in the hospital. BUN levels were higher in non-survivors compared with the survivors [(11.17 ± 6.17) vs (8.09 ± 4.24), p = 0.001]. The ROC curve suggested that the optimal cut-off for BUN levels to predict in-hospital mortality was 8.45 mmol/L (AUC [area under the ROC curve] 0.678, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.595–0.761, p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that elevated BUN levels (≥8.45 mmol/L) were positively association with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 4.01, 95% CI 1.55–10.42, p = 0.004). After PSW, sensitivity and subgroup analyses, the association remained significant. Conclusions: Elevated BUN levels were associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI and subsequent GIB.
Cross-Cultural Insights into Moral Expansiveness: Selective Valuation of Nature Versus Humans
Authors: Syropoulos Stylianos , Crimston Charlie R , Markowitz Ezra , Milfont Taciano L , Law Kyle Fiore , Claessens Scott , Kyritsis Thanos , Atkinson Quentin , Bastian Brock , Rottman Josh
Published: May 2024

Recent research reveals that people show differential levels of moral concern between the natural world and human outgroups. Yet, this evidence that some individuals morally value non-humans to a greater extent than humans stems from limited U.S. samples, warranting broader investigation. Here, we present evidence from a pre-registered secondary analysis of multinational surveys, including college student samples (k = 42, N = 7,443) and nationally representative data from the World Values Survey and European Social Survey (k = 86, N = 640,178). Our findings indicate that at least 25% of individuals report valuing nature over humans, while roughly 35% state they prioritize humans over nature. National characteristics explain 5%-7% of variance in moral worth attributions, with preferential valuation of nature being partly attributable to greater country-level environmental performance and human development. Valuing nature over humans predicts pro-environmental attitudes and, to a lesser extent, outgroup bias. However, we did not find clear indications of inherent trade-offs between valuing nature and valuing humans. These findings stress the need to refine conceptual frameworks of moral concern, which could in turn provide insights for addressing a diverse array of urgent humanitarian and environmental challenges.
A Pilot Test: Doctors, Nurses, and Pharmacists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Towards Antibiotic Prescribing, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Stewardship During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a UK Secondary Care Setting.
Authors: Elshenawy Rasha Abdelsalam
Published: May 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, projected to cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050. Recognising the seriousness of this issue, the WHO developed a comprehensive global action plan to tackle AMR, highlighting the need for increased awareness and joint efforts. The COVID-19 pandemic has potentially exacerbated AMR due to increased antimicrobial therapy and misuse. This study explores healthcare workers' views towards antibiotic prescribing, AMS, and AMR during the COVID-19 pandemic in a UK secondary care setting. A cross-sectional design was used, employing an online survey targeting doctors, nurses, and pharmacists. Data was collected via Qualtrics XM from 12 June to 13 September 2023. The survey revealed key themes such as inappropriate antibiotic use, increased healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs), and the impact of technology platforms on AMS. These findings underscore the need for clear guidelines and robust communication to support AMS during health crises.
The design of pointing
Authors: Cooperrider Kensy
Published: May 2024

Previous discussions of pointing have largely evaded a central question: How is an act of pointing even recognized as communicative in the first place? Here I argue—building on classic and recent work in pragmatics—that pointing is designed to deviate minimally from mere attending. This basic design is found throughout the diverse universe of human pointing¬—from the most familiar, conventional forms to the most exotic and ad hoc—and may even extend to cases of pointing in non-human animals. Further, I show that this framework lights up promising avenues for further research on the emergence of communicative forms on developmental, cultural, and evolutionary timescales.
Policy Brief: Celiac disease in Chilean children: Implementation of a practical guide on gluten-free diet for caregivers and educators, a contrast with other countries in the region.
Authors: Salazar Daniela , Pozo Antonia , Sánchez Diana Paula Chávez , Montoya Danae Camargo , Palencia-Sánchez Francisco
Published: May 2024

In 2015, the School Feeding Program (PAE) in Chile implemented the program for Celiacs, which offers safe gluten-free rations to students enrolled in the PAE with a diagnosis of celiac disease. However, this measure is not sufficient to ensure adequate nutrition for these children, as the delivery of a basket of gluten-free foods does not guarantee that knowledge is present in their homes to prepare these foods or that caregivers have enough time to prepare the meals. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a guide for the celiac population, specifically targeted at caregivers and educators, to be applied both at home and in educational institutions.
Open Science at the Generative AI Turn: An Exploratory Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad , Horbach Serge P. J. M. , Holmes Kristi L. , Ross-Hellauer Tony
Published: May 2024

Technology influences Open Science (OS) practices, because conducting science in transparent, accessible, and participatory ways requires tools/platforms for collaborative research and sharing results. Due to this direct relationship, characteristics of employed technologies directly impact OS objectives. Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) models are increasingly used by researchers for tasks such as text refining, code generation/editing, reviewing literature, data curation/analysis. GenAI promises substantial efficiency gains but is currently fraught with limitations that could negatively impact core OS values such as fairness, transparency and integrity, and harm various social actors.In this paper, we explore possible positive and negative impacts of GenAI on OS. We use the taxonomy within the UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science to systematically explore the intersection of GenAI and OS. We conclude that using GenAI could advance key OS objectives by further broadening meaningful access to knowledge, enabling efficient use of infrastructure, improving engagement of societal actors, and enhancing dialogue among knowledge systems. However, due to GenAI limitations, it could also compromise the integrity, equity, reproducibility, and reliability of research, while also having potential implications for the political economy of research and its infrastructure. Hence, sufficient checks, validation and critical assessments are essential when incorporating GenAI into research workflows.
Creators’ Creation of the Universe: An Ecological Implication in Chait Mundhum
Authors: Kandangwa Bed Prakash
Published: May 2024

This article deals with the creators’ creation of the universe as an ecologically interconnected world in Bairagi Kainla’s Chait Mundhum. The whole ecosphere and its components—biotic and abiotic—are not good and beautiful until the earth and human being is created by Tagera Ningwaphu Mang and her successor, Porokmi Mang. In initial phase, Tagera Ningwaphu Mang perceives her creation not suitable. She creates five major abiotic substances: sky, sun, air, earth, and water to address this problem. The middle phase extends with the beautification of earth by Porokmi Mang creating several organisms and species such as forests, flowers, insects, animals and mammals. The creators also manage water to each biotic and abiotic factor. To sustain the created world, each organisms and species are afforded with food and shelter. The creators become satisfied only in their final creation of man. They evaluate their creation beautiful and perfect in complementary existence of other things. Everything is interconnected in the creation. Therefore, Chait Mundhum mentions these ecological features implicated in the creation of the universe. To back up this, Barry Commoner’s principle of ecology has been used as a theoretical model. Subsequent Mundhums associated with this theme has also been used to support the claim. The article will be useful to those researchers and critics who want to study other Mundhums from the ecological perspective.
Impact of Remittance on Educational Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Nepal
Authors: Gajurel Ram Prasad , Niroula Anil
Published: May 2024

The remittances are the treasure for irrigating Nepal's economy. Because emigration is increasing, per capita remittance is also increasing in Nepal. However, the question is signaling in its utilization for educational attainment. In this context, the study examines the impact of remittance on educational outcomes in Nepal. The study applied autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimations, Granger causality, forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD) technique, and impulse response functions (IRFs), with time-series data spanning from 1981 to 2021. The overall findings revealed that remittance had a positive impact on educational outcomes in Nepal. In the short run, remittance was found to be crucial for secondary schooling; in the long run, remittance had a significant effect on tertiary schooling in Nepal. The FEVD confirmed that remittance might be the inevitable predictor of educational outcomes in Nepal. The Granger causality also found a unidirectional causality from remittance to educational outcomes. The policymakers and stakeholders, therefore, should focus on funneling remittance toward financing education as well as a productive sector to accelerate per capita GDP and on cropping the demographic dividend in the Nepali economy.
भस्मासुरको नलीहाड नाटकका पात्रमा विसङ्ति
Authors: पोख्रेल Pokhrel ठाकुरप्रसाद Thakur Prasad
Published: May 2024

भस्मासुरको नलीहाड नाटकका पात्रमा विसङ्गति शीर्षकको लेख ध्रुवचन्द्र गौतमद्वारा रचित नाटकमा केन्द्रित छ । यो नाटक पुराणमा वर्णित भस्मासुर दैत्यले शिवबाट वरदान प्राप्त गरेपछि त्यसको हातले शिवलाई समेत आतङ्कित बनाएको र केही समयपछि उसको आफ्नै शिरमा पुग्दा मृत्यु भएको प्रसङ्गमा आधारित छ । वर्तमान युगमा पनि नलीहाडको स्वरूपले मानिसहरूलाई आतङ्कित बनाएको छ । नाटकमा नलीहाडबाट जनावर, मानिस सबैको जीवनलीला समाप्त गरेको बुझेर पात्रहरू त्रसित बनेका छन् । जीवनमा सुख, सन्तुष्टिको चाहना भएकाहरूले अस्तित्वशाली बन्ने लक्ष पूर्ति गर्न सत्ता र शक्तिका निम्ति सङ्घर्ष गर्दा प्राप्त उपलब्धीसमेत समाप्त हुन पुगेको घटना विनयका माध्यमबाट प्रस्तुत भएको छ । सत्ता प्राप्तिका लागि मानिसहरू अघि बढिरहे पनि जीवन सोचेअनुसार हुँदैन । पौराणिक समयदेखि आजसम्म मानिस कहिल्यै शक्तिसम्पन्न बन्न सकेन, उसको सबै प्रयास विफल र निरर्थक हुन्छ भन्ने प्रसङ्ग देखाइएको छ । विश्लेषणका क्रममा विषय–परिचय, अध्ययनको विधि, विसङ्गतिवादको सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधार, भस्मासुरको नलीहाड नाटकको विश्लेषणजस्ता उपशीर्षकको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत नाटकभित्र प्रयुक्त विसङ्गत पात्रका जीवनमा देखापरेका जटिलताको चित्रण रहेको छ । पात्रहरू के कस्तो व्यवहार गर्दछन् भन्ने प्रसङ्गसहित कठोर अवस्थामा बाँचेकाहरूको जीवन विसङ्गत बनेको छ भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Surgeries and Outcomes in Subluxated and Dislocated Lens in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Pranav , Sharma Sadhana , Suwal Rinkal , Joshi Purushottam , Subedi Prava
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Many ocular or systemic conditions can cause weakening of the zonules, leading to subluxation or complete dislocation of lens into the anterior chamber or vitreous cavity. 
Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of surgery in cases with subluxated and dislocated lens.
Materials and methods: Retrospective chart review of all cases with subluxated and dislocated lens who underwent surgery in a one-year period from 2019 January to 2019 December was conducted. Demographic profile, systemic comorbidities, initial and final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), surgical procedure were recorded along with all the intraoperative and post-operative complications.
Results: A total of 62 eyes of 60 patients with mean age of 50.18 ± 15.18 years (18 to 87 years) were included with the modal duration of presentation of one week. Among these, trauma was found to be the most common etiology. Subluxation was present in 55 eyes and seven eyes had dislocation. Intracapsular Cataract Extraction (ICCE) was performed in 41 while 21 underwent Extracapsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE); and surgical intervention elicited a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the visual acuity. The BCVA was statistically better among the pseudophakic patient. Most common complication encountered intraoperatively was vitreous loss and post operatively was significant corneal edema.
Conclusion: Cataract extraction in cases with subluxated and dislocated lens due to different etiology results in the improvement in the visual acuity of the patient. In cases where ECCE cannot be performed, ICCE also results in comparable visual improvement.
STRUCTURAL DEPTH IN REFORMS INDUCED BY IMF PROGRAMS: INSIGHTS FROM THE FUND’S MAJOR DEBTORS
Authors: Breczko Agata
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the evolution of IMF structural conditionality, with a specific focus on non-core policy areas, across the Fund’s top debtors from 1984 to 2023. The author builds on the concept of structural depth as defined by the IMF’s Independent Evaluation Office (IEO), categorizing it into high, medium, and low levels, guided by legal-economic perspectives. Analysing 1,233 conditions, she reveals nuanced patterns. The biggest borrowers often faced more policy prescriptions with significant share of non- core areas, while conditionality depth varies across countries and periods. Argentina’s unique case exhibits fewer and shallower conditions, despite significant challenges. Greece and Ukraine stand out with deep programs, attributed to the European influence. Recent agreements blend Washington Consensus-inspired and non-conventional measures, including social buffers and transparency. These developments, while positive, raise questions about their ability to transform borrowers into more resilient welfare states.
Salvaging Cashew Apples Through Processing into Simulated Cashew Meat
Authors: Olayinka Jayeola
Published: May 2024

Cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) is a cash crop mainly grown for its nuts. The dried apple is a good source of protein and non-digestible fibre that is essential to prevent many diseases as it helps in bowel movements to remove waste and non-digestible food materials from human system. The dried apple was obtained from extracting juice from the whole apple before drying. The use of apple which is a by-product can be an opportunity for diversifying activities on the farm. The farmers' revenue can increase through various opportunities which, exist for using cashew apples. However, these opportunities are presently not utilised adequately since most farmers are of the peasant status and has no knowledge on how to process the apple. Due to its high rate of perishability, cashew apples will not require to be transported over long distances and need to be processed, if possible, at the farm settlements. Simulated cashew meat was processed by subjecting cashew apple to juice pressing, blanching, salting and different methods of drying. The products obtained were subjected to physiochemical analysis, sensory evaluation and shelf-life studies. The percentage values for pH, moisture, crude protein and crude fiber contents were 4.71, 9.33, 18.31 and 14.32 respectively. The meat-like substance developed from cashew apple was very similar to dry meat. The sensory analysis revealed that there were no significant differences between processed cashew meat when compared with dry meat. The products were stable at room temperature for three months, studies on going to extend the shelf life further. Production of simulated cashew meat as a substitute for both meat consumers and vegetarians had come as a way of adding value to cashew apples that waste away in our cashew farms during peak seasons.
Aflatoxin exploration in basmati brown rice collected from various locations of Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Zahra Naseem
Published: May 2024

Aflatoxins are produced by various fungal species, the two primaries being Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxins contaminate various food products, resulting in them being toxic and unsafe for consumption, hence, being classified as potent carcinogens. In this paper, samples of brown basmati rice were analyzed for contamination with aflatoxins using the ELISA method. 50 brown rice samples were collected from various shops in Lahore, Pakistan, in the year 2019-2020. During summer, 25 of the samples were collected from April-September whereas the rest 25 were collected in winter from October-March. The rice samples were in a poor condition because of high levels of aflatoxin contaminations. The percentage of aflatoxins contamination for summer and winter was 88% and 80% respectively. Further, 60% of summer collected samples and 44% of winter collected samples exceeded the permissible level allowed by European Union (10μg/kg for total aflatoxins). The samples with the highest aflatoxin for summer contained 49.60±0.45μg/kg whereas for winter the concentration was 25.07±0.04 μg/kg. With regard to their toxic nature and harm to human health, these calculated levels were frightening. These show a dire need for the implementation of practices to monitor the quality of these rice by all the rice producers and storage holders in Pakistan.
Pharmacological and Biochemical activities of plantago major L
Authors: ÇİÇEK Hülya
Published: May 2024

Throughout human history, natural remedies have been sought to treat diseases. The therapeutic wounds of plants are accepted worldwide as a result of many studies and research. Medicinal plants have started to be used in the pharmaceutical sector due to the chemical compounds contained in their structures. One of the potential plants that can be used in traditional medicine is the broadleaf plantain, white man's footprint, waybread, or greater plantain. Scientifically known as Plantago major, it is a wild plant belonging to the Plantaginaceae family that can reach a height of about 15 cm. Plantago major leaves have been used for centuries almost everywhere in the world as a wound healer and in the treatment of many diseases other than wound healing. Among them are treatments for skin, respiratory organs, digestive organs, reproduction, circulatory diseases, infections, and cancer. It is also used as a decongestant and analgesic. Plantago major contains biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides, lipids, caffeic acid derivatives, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, and terpenoids. Alkaloids and some organic acids have also been detected. There are several biological activities from plant extracts, including wound healing activity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, weak antibiotic, immune modulating, and antiulcerogenic activity. The widespread use of Plantago species in food and traditional medicine has attracted the attention of researchers looking for active principles and mechanisms of action. However, more studies are needed to better prove the medical applications, phytochemical properties, and pharmacological properties of this breed.
Investigation of Suitable Pakistani Wheat Cultivars for Preparation of Quick Cooking Bulgur
Authors: Arshad Ullah Muhammad
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the aptness of Pakistani commercial wheat cultivars Durum-97, Faisalabad-8, Punjab-11, Galaxy-13, Ujala-16 and Annaj-17 aptnessfor bulgur preparationthrough thousand kernel weight (43-47 g), grain size (length 5-7, width 2-3, thickness 2-3 mm), particle size index (16-24 %), single kernel characterization system (hardness 45-74 HI, weight 34-36 mg, moisture 9-10 %, diameter in-between 2mm) respectively. All varieties were parboiled for 3 suitable periods (regarding in dimensions40, 60, 80 min) at constant temperature. Bulgur was evaluated in various nutritional and quality attributes. Color analysisvalue was (L* 56-64, a* -1˗ -3, b* 17-21 of colorimeter). SDS-sedimentation test (19-25 mL), zeleny value (46-60 mL) and SDS-PAGE friabilin protein (presence and absence) while Durum-97 and Anaj-17 lack these proteins. Proximate analysis of wheatcarries (ash 0-1, crude protein 12-15, crude fiber 1-2, and crude fat 1-3 %). Likewise proximate analysis of bulgur shows (0-1 ash, 12-15 crude protein, 1-2 crude fat and crude fiber). Mineral analysis revealed (Ca 367-534, Fe 49-33, Zn 23-18, Na 311-171, K 774-952 mgkg-1). Consumers overall acceptance (sensory evaluation) recommends Anaj-17 and Punjab-11 among allvarieties. Conclusively, there is a need to explore more indigenous wheat cultivars as this is the staple food and a value added product.
Phylogenetic position of Aceria sp. (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae) based on 28S rDNA partial sequences Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: AMINISARTESHNIZI MEHRNOUSH
Published: May 2024

Aceria (Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae) is the largest known genus among the Eriophyoidea and is associated with economically important crops as pest species are distributed worldwide. Therefore, correctly identifying them for their control and management is necessary. This study was conducted to isolate and identify Aceria sp. in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Therefore, this molecular study was conducted in 2023 at Limpopo University. To identify Aceria sp., 28S rDNA marker used. The DNA was extracted using the Chelex method. The Aceria was identified as Aceria sp. The Nblast analysis showed South African Aceria sp. has 92% similarity with a population from Russia (OP419491). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Aceria sp. in the same clade with highly supported (96) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species is identified using 28S rDNA properly. However, other DNA markers are recommended to better understand Aceria sp. phylogeny.
Agrochemistry magazine is 60 years old
Authors: Glinushkin A. P. , Kudeyarov V. N.
Published: May 2024

The article describes the history of the journal “Agrochemistry” for the period 1964–2023. The journal “Agrochemistry” was founded in 1964 on the initiative of Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR S. I. Volfkovich, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR A. V. Sokolov, professors M. V. Katalymov, F. V. Turchin, etc. The journal became the first periodical academic publication on fundamental problems of agrochemistry and related disciplines in our country. Over the period of its existence, the journal has published more than 10 thousand articles. The published articles are grouped into the following main headings: “Fertilizers” (production, application, efficiency, transformations in the soil); “Soil fertility” (change under the influence of various factors); “Research methods”; “Agroecology” (combination of fertilizers, pesticides, soil treatment systems, crop rotation, environmental conditions); “Chemical plant protection” –later divided into “Pesticides” and “Ecotoxicology”; “Plant nutrition” (physiological-agrochemical research, the role of fertilizers in plant physiological processes, plant biochemistry and product quality); “Plant growth regulators”, “Agrochemical Service”; “Soil reclamation”; “Soil biology and biochemistry”, etc. In 2021 The Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences approved the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology” (FGBNU VNIIF) as a co-founder of the journal “Agrochemistry”.
Effect of sideral fertilizer on the content of humus in the soil
Authors: Dzyuin A. G.
Published: May 2024

In a long-term experiment, which was laid down in 1971, in 2 bookmarks with an interval of one year, the effect of sideral fertilizer on the humus content in the soil during 6 rotations of an 8-field crop rotation was studied. The soil is sod-medium-podzolic medium loam on a cover red-brown heavy loam with agrochemical indicators of the arable layer before the experiment was laid: рНKCl 5.0, Ah – 2.7, S – 14.8 mmol/100 g, V – 85.2%, the content of P2O5–52, K2O – 98 mg/kg of soil. In the 6th rotation, instead of manure, a sideral fertilizer – a pea–oat mixture (18 t/ha) was used as an organic fertilizer. In the experiment, the levels of application of mineral fertilizers on different backgrounds were studied using lime (1 + 2 h. a. in the 1st and 2nd rotations of crop rotation), manure (40 t/ha in the 1st and 60 t/ha in the 2nd and 5th rotations), siderate (in the 6th rotations) and without them. Options with fertilizers: 1 – without fertilizers, 5 – N10P10K10, 6 – N20P20K20, 7 – N30P30K30, 8 – N40P40K40, 9 – N50P50K50, 10 – N60P60K60. For 4 rotations of crop rotation (32 years) without applying background fertilizers, the humus content decreased from 2.5 to 1.96–1.92% (by 0.54 and 0.58 abs.%), against the background of manure – up to 2.38%, lime + manure – up to 2.30%. In the 5th rotation on the backgrounds with the introduction of manure, its content on average in 7 variants increased to 2.62 and 2.70%, which was higher than the initial (2.50%) by 0.12 and 0.20 abs.%. In the 6th rotation, the use of pea-oat mixture as a siderate led to a decrease inthe level of humus content by 0.28–0.30 abs.% is reduced by periodic use of manure (once in each rotation) and winter rye straw (2 times in 3–6 rotations).
Dynamics of pHKCl of calcified sod-podzolic sandy loam soil by meliorants of various chemical nature
Authors: Litvinovich A. V. , Manakov P. S. , Lavrishchev A. V. , Khomyakov Yu. V. , Nelson K. M. , Bure V. M.
Published: May 2024

The possibility of accelerating the reaction of meliorant-freshly calcified soil in a solution of 1 n. KCl is shown. Changes in the pH value during 20 days of soil-solution interaction were traced. Differences in the reaction rate have been established when using ameliorants of various chemical nature for liming. It was revealed that the reclamation effect when using silicate materials in the experiment was less than that of carbonate. According to the effect achieved as a result of liming, all meliorants used in the experiment can be arranged in the following descending order: dolomite flour (DF), crushed stone screening (CSS) conversion chalk (CC), dolomitized limestone flour (DLF) blast furnace slag (BFS) shale ash (SA). Empirical models of changes in the pHKCl value over the entire experimental interval have been developed for all lime fertilizers. Clustering of individual variants of the experiment, produced by various meliorants, according to their effect on the pHKCl index over the entire period of study was carried out.
Basic and additional ecological niches of soil phytopatogenes on spring wheat varieties in West Siberia
Authors: Toropova E. Yu. , Stetsov G. Ya. , Vorob’eva I. G. , Trunov R. I.
Published: May 2024

The elucidation of hydrothermal and temporal parameters of the realization of the main and additional ecological niches of jointly parasitizing widespread soil phytopathogenic micromycetes has theoretical and applied significance. The aim of the study was to identify the parameters of the implementation of the main and additional ecological niches by the dominant species of soil micromycetes on spring wheat (Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem., Fusarium poae (Peck.) Wollenw., F. oxysporum Schltdl.) in the system of underground and generative organs of spring wheat varieties. The objectives of the study included determining the level of realization of the main ecological niches by three dominant species of soil pathogenic micromycetes in the system of underground organs of spring wheat varieties in different phases of vegetation, as well as identifying the degree of realization by micromycetes of additional ecological niches in generative organs of spring wheat varieties and assessing the strength of the influence of varieties and conditions of the year on the size of ecological niches in underground and generative organs of plants. The study was conducted on 20 varieties of spring wheat in 2020–2022, in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region according to generally accepted and author’s methods. It is shown that the soil micromycetes B. sorokiniana, Fusarium poae and F. oxysporum, parasitizing together on the underground and generative organs of spring wheat, have different hydrothermal and temporal parameters of the realization of the main and additional ecological niches. B. sorokiniana is a relatively thermophilic species, its parasitic activity is most successful in underground, especially straw organs, is realized in conditions of unstable humidification, F. poae is a moisture-loving micromycete that prefers underground, especially young organs of spring wheat plants, F. oxysporum is a drought-resistant species that tends to more mature plant organs. As for the generative organs of wheat, B. sorokiniana colonizes them by airborne droplets in humid conditions, keeping them confined to straw-like tissues, the correlation coefficient of B. sorokiniana infection of the ear rods and the SCC of August was equal to r = 0.812 ± 0.412. F. poae could reach ears by vessels, the degree of their colonization by this micromycete was small and practically did not depend on the weather conditions of the year and its representation in underground plant organs. F. oxysporum colonized ears of spring wheat by vessels, and the degree of its representation in pathocomplexes of generative organs closely correlated with its share in pathocomplexes of primary and secondary roots: r = 0.923 ± 0.146.
Synchrony between dipole and quadrupole during magnetic field reversals and excursions
Authors: Reshetnyak M. Yu.
Published: May 2024

In contrast to reversals, excursions of the geomagnetic field can occur at lower convection intensities in the Earth’s core. Since in such geodynamo regimes the behavior of the magnetic field is still quasi regular, a reduction of the dipole field during an excursion may indicate a global failure of the dynamo process. As a consequence, it is possible that during the excursion, not only the dipole component, but also the higher harmonics of the field decrease. This hypothesis is tested in a three-dimensional (3D) dynamo model.
Dating of lava flows of the Avacha volcano, Kamchatka, from paleomagnetic data
Authors: Maksimochkin V.  I.  , Bazanova L.  I.  , Leptsova Yu.  V. S
Published: May 2024

The paleodirection and paleointensity of the geomagnetic field are determined in seven andesibasalt–basalt samples from three lava flows (L1–L3) of the Avacha volcano. The reliability of the Thellier–Coe method for geomagnetic field paleointensity determination is demonstrated on the sample from the modern lava flow TTI-50 (the Tolbachik Fissure Eruption): the difference between the calculated Han and IGRF12 values is within 3% with a quality factor q  13. The age of lava flows L1–L3 is refined using paleomagnetic data. Flows L1, L2 of the Young Cone were formed in 1827 and 300–600 years ago, respectively, and the age of flow L3 on the crest of the somma is determined at 30–32 ka, which agrees with the known age estimate (14C dating) of the avalanche associated with the catastrophic destruction of the Avacha volcano 29 900 ± 900 years ago.
The effects of the acoustic resonance induced in the atmosphere
Authors: Surkov V.  V.  , Pilipenko V.  A. 
Published: May 2024

After strong earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, geomagnetic oscillations with frequencies of 3.5–4.0 mHz have sometimes been observed. In this paper, we theoretically study the probable cause of these phenomena, which is related to the vertical acoustic resonance arising between the Earth’s surface and the thermosphere due to the propagation of the atmospheric wave corresponding to the acoustic branch generated by surface displacements. In the plane layered model of the atmosphere and ionosphere with inclined geomagnetic field, we analyze the propagation of two-dimensional (2D) harmonic acoustic wave. The height of the reflecting atmospheric layer corresponds to the region of sharp temperature change close to the thermosphere boundary ∼80–90 km. In this case, the calculated fundamental resonant frequency is close to the frequencies of the observed oscillations. The solution of this problem is used to calculate currents and electromagnetic perturbations in the atmosphere and ionosphere. The ionospheric E-layer is considered in the thin layer approximation. In this approximation, the formulas describing the geomagnetic perturbations (GMP) in the ionosphere and on the Earth’s surface are derived. The GMP spectrum contains a sharp maximum at the frequency corresponding to the acoustic resonance. According to the calculations, close to the resonance frequency, the spectral powers of GMPs on the ground can reach 5–30 nT2/Hz, which is consistent with the results of ground-based measurements.
Coast effect in magnetotelluric soundings on the continental south of the Russian Far East
Authors: Kaplun V.  B.  , Bronnikov A.  K. 
Published: May 2024

The manifestation of coast effect is studied based on the magnetotelluric (MT) soundings made on three profiles in the southern part of the Sikhote-Alin folded system (SAFS) surrounded by the Sea of Japan in the south and east. It is found that the coast effect is poorly expressed in the MT sounding amplitude curves while well pronounced in the behavior of the magnetovariation response functions. The analysis of the complex Wiese tipper and its real induction arrows in the north and east directions identified the intensity of the coast effect within the study area and the influence of the main deep faults and conductive zones in the Earth’s crust and upper mantle on the effect. Based on the three-dimensional (3D) numerical modeling, the main factors affecting the behavior of the amplitude MT sounding curves in the presence of coast effect are determined for the conditions of the southern part of SAFS and different geoelectric models.
Stability of heavy inclusions in the Earth’s crust
Authors: Birger B. I. 
Published: May 2024

Stability of a heavy inclusion in the Earth’s upper crust is studied by the linear theory method for small perturbations. The presence of such inclusions with an increased density is associated with chemical inhomogeneity or phase transformations. The problem of the stability of a heavy elastic layer above a less dense elastic layer that represents the lower crust and mantle lithosphere is solved. It is shown that such a system is stable: small initial perturbations produce low-amplitude oscillations. The corrections to the oscillation frequency that arise due to the density jump at the boundary between the layers are calculated. The changes in the solution due to the consideration of creep, which is present even in cold geomaterials, are discussed. Creep leads to instability of heavy inclusions in the upper crust. However, because the effective viscosity of the cold upper crust is very high, this instability is of a formal nature, since it develops so slowly that heavy inclusions in the upper crust hardly change their position over a timescale comparable to the age of the Earth.
The earthquake on June 29/ July 12, 1900, in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, based on the information in the Russian Empire periodic press
Authors: Tatevossian R.  E.  , Mokrushina N.  G. 
Published: May 2024

This is our second paper on the earthquakes in Eastern Anatolia based on the information re-ported in the Russian Empire periodic press. We made a systematic study of all the newspapers in the Armenian, Georgian, and Russian languages. As a result, for the first time, the descriptions of the mac-roseismic effects from the earthquakes of June 29/July 12, 1900, which were witnessed at 14 localities, were collected. Using these data, we determined the location of the epicenter and the magnitude of the earthquake. The macroseismic magnitude 5.9 precisely coincides with the instrumental magnitude re-ported in (Ambraseys and Finkel, 1987) while the epicenter location differs by 25 km. The epicenter location estimated in this study seems to be more reliable because its determination is based only on the original descriptions of the macroseismic effect.
Probabilistic location of early instrumental earthquakes based on macroseismic and instrumental data
Authors: Morozov A.  N.  , Asming V.  E.  , Vaganova N.  V.  , Evtyugina Z.  A. 
Published: May 2024

There are regions of moderate seismicity that have long lacked a dense network of seismic stations due to their sparse population, inaccessibility, and low economic levels. Characterization of earthquakes in such regions is typically limited to the small amount of macroseismic information available and data from only one or two seismic stations. Most often, the location of such earthquakes was based on the use of macroseismic information alone. We propose a method for probabilistic estimation of the location of such earthquakes based on a joint analysis of their macroseismic and instrumental data. The technique is implemented in the ProLoM program (Probabilistic Locator by Macroseismics). In this study, we test the performance of the method on a test earthquake of May 20, 1967 and present the results of the analysis of the earthquakes that occurred in the north of the East European Platform on June 30, 1911 and January 13, 1939.
Estimate of the impact of storm microseisms on long-term gravimetric measurements
Authors: Drobyshev M.  N.  , Abramov D.  V.  , Koneshov V.  N. 
Published: May 2024

This study estimates the impact level of storm microseisms on long-term gravimetric measurements. Gravimetric measurements were conducted at the Zapolskoe, Obninsk, and Murmansk sites using CG-5 Autograv relative gravity meters. Seismic measurements were carried out concurrently with gravimetric measurements at Zapolskoe. The analysis of these measurements demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing seismic data as control information to estimate the high-frequency noise component of gravimetric data. Based on the additional seismic information from the services of the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, the correspondence between the attenuation of the noise component in gravimetric measurements and the data from the modeled sensitive element of the gravimeter, which utilizes seismic series as an input, is identified. The first characterization of the storm-induced background noise of gravimetric measurements at the Murmansk site is obtained. Furthermore, the possibility of predicting measurement errors based on meteorological forecasts is refined, which can aid in the planning of gravimetric work.
Impact of Water Saturation of the Medium on the Productivity of Natural-Anthropogenic Seismicity: A Case Study of the Khibiny Massif
Authors: Motorin A. Yu. , Zhukova S. A. , Baranov S. V. , Shebalin P. N.
Published: May 2024

The effect of water saturation of the medium on the ability of earthquakes to initiate repeated shocks (productivity) is considered based on the long-term seismological observations and water inflow monitoring data from the Khibiny massif ore deposits. The study indicates that the water saturation of the medium is a factor that has a significant impact on the productivity of earthquakes.
The Role of Changes in Structure and Dynamics of Chromatin Due to COVID-19
Authors: Bigildeev A. E. , Alekseev V. I. , Gribkova A. K. , Timokhin G. S. , Komarova G. A. , Shaytan A. K.
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious challenge for the healthcare system and the economy of many states, and understanding the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this disease has become a significant challenge for modern science. At the same time, for the first time, a number of high-precision and high-throughput methods for analyzing molecular processes were available to scientists, including technologies for studying changes in chromatin at the genomic level. In this review, we discuss various modern methods that have been used or can be used to study changes in the structure and dynamics of chromatin during infection with SARS-CoV-2, present the results of currently available studies on the role of these changes in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and in conclusion we review the currently known molecular mechanisms of chromatin modulation that occur during infection with SARS-CoV-2.