bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Emission of Deformation Twinning in Magnesium
Authors: Mo Chengyang , Wisner Brian , Cabal Mike , Hazeli Kavan , Ramesh K. , El Kadiri Haitham , Al-Samman Talal , Molodov Konstantin , Molodov Dmitri , Kontsos Antonios
Published: August 2016

The Acoustic Emission of deformation twinning in Magnesium is investigated in this article. Single crystal testing with combined full field deformation measurements, as well as polycrystalline testing inside the scanning electron microscope with simultaneous monitoring of texture evolution and twin nucleation were compared to testing at the laboratory scale with respect to recordings of Acoustic Emission activity. Single crystal testing revealed the formation of layered twin boundaries in areas of strain localization which was accompanied by distinct changes in the acoustic data. Testing inside the microscope directly showed twin nucleation, proliferation and growth as well as associated crystallographic reorientations. A post processing approach of the Acoustic Emission activity revealed the existence of a class of signals that appears in a strain range in which twinning is profuse, as validated by the in situ and ex situ microscopy observations. Features extracted from such activity were cross-correlated both with the available mechanical and microscopy data, as well as with the Acoustic Emission activity recorded at the laboratory scale for similarly prepared specimens. The overall approach demonstrates that the method of Acoustic Emission could provide real time volumetric information related to the activation of deformation twinning in Magnesium alloys, in spite of the complexity of the propagation phenomena, the possible activation of several deformation modes and the challenges posed by the sensing approach itself when applied in this type of materials evaluation approach.
The Effects of Laser Welding Direction on Joint Quality for Non-Uniform Part-to-Part Gaps
Authors: Oh Rocku , Kim Duck , Ceglarek Darek
Published: August 2016

Controlling part-to-part gaps is a crucial task in the laser welding of galvanized steel sheets for ensuring the quality of the assembly joint. However, part-to-part gaps are frequently non-uniform. Hence, elevations and depressions from the perspective of the heading direction of the laser beam always exist throughout the gap, creating ascending, descending, and flat travelling paths for laser welding. In this study, assuming non-uniform part-to-part gaps, the effects of welding direction on the quality of the joint of galvanized steel sheets—SGARC440 (lower part) and SGAFC590DP (upper part)—were examined using 2-kW fiber and 6.6-kW disk laser welding systems. The experimental analysis of coupon tests confirmed that there is no statistically significant correlation between the direction of welding and weld pool quality if the gap exceeds the tolerable range. However, when the gap is controlled within the tolerable range, the welding direction can be considered as an important process control variable to enhance the quality of the joint.
Compliance, Palatability and Feasibility of PALEOLITHIC and Australian Guide to Healthy Eating Diets in Healthy Women: A 4-Week Dietary Intervention
Authors: Genoni Angela , Lo Johnny , Lyons-Wall Philippa , Devine Amanda
Published: August 2016

(1) Background/Objectives: The Paleolithic diet has been receiving media coverage in Australia and claims to improve overall health. The diet removes grains and dairy, whilst encouraging consumption of fruits, vegetables, meat, eggs and nuts. Our aim was to compare the diet to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating (AGHE) in terms of compliance, palatability and feasibility; (2) Subjects/Methods: 39 healthy women (age 47 ± 13 years, BMI 27 ± 4 kg/m2) were randomised to an ad-libitum Paleolithic (n = 22) or AGHE diet (n = 17) for 4-weeks. A food checklist was completed daily, with mean discretionary consumption (serves/day) calculated to assess compliance. A 12-item questionnaire was administered post intervention to assess palatability and feasibility; (3) Results: The AGHE group reported greater daily consumption of discretionary items (1.0 + 0.6 vs. 0.57 + 0.6 serves/day, p = 0.03). Compared to the AGHE group, the Paleolithic group reported a significantly greater number of events of diarrhoea (23%, 0%, p = 0.046), costs associated with grocery shopping (69%, 6% p < 0.01) and belief that the diet was not healthy (43%, 0% p < 0.01); (4) Conclusions: Compliance to both diets was high but the potential side effects and increased cost suggest that the Paleolithic diet may not be practical in clinical/public health settings. Further studies are required to assess longer term feasibility.
Multi-Probe Based Artificial DNA Encoding and Matching Classifier for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Wu Ke , Zhao Dong , Zhong Yanfei , Du Qian
Published: August 2016

In recent years, a novel matching classification strategy inspired by the artificial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology has been proposed for hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. Such a method can describe brightness and shape information of a spectrum by encoding the spectral curve into a DNA strand, providing a more comprehensive way for spectral similarity comparison. However, it suffers from two problems: data volume is amplified when all of the bands participate in the encoding procedure and full-band comparison degrades the importance of bands carrying key information. In this paper, a new multi-probe based artificial DNA encoding and matching (MADEM) method is proposed. In this method, spectral signatures are first transformed into DNA code words with a spectral feature encoding operation. After that, multiple probes for interesting classes are extracted to represent the specific fragments of DNA strands. During the course of spectral matching, the different probes are compared to obtain the similarity of different types of land covers. By computing the absolute vector distance (AVD) between different probes of an unclassified spectrum and the typical DNA code words from the database, the class property of each pixel is set as the minimum distance class. The main benefit of this strategy is that the risk of redundant bands can be deeply reduced and critical spectral discrepancies can be enlarged. Two hyperspectral image datasets were tested. Comparing with the other classification methods, the overall accuracy can be improved from 1.22% to 10.09% and 1.19% to 15.87%, respectively. Furthermore, the kappa coefficient can be improved from 2.05% to 15.29% and 1.35% to 19.59%, respectively. This demonstrated that the proposed algorithm outperformed other traditional classification methods.
Probing the Kinetic Anabolism of Poly-Beta-Hydroxybutyrate in Cupriavidus necator H16 Using Single-Cell Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Tao Zhanhua , Peng Lixin , Zhang Pengfei , Li Yong-Qing , Wang Guiwen
Published: August 2016

Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) can be formed in large amounts in Cupriavidus necator and is important for the industrial production of biodegradable plastics. In this investigation, laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) was used to characterize dynamic changes in PHB content—as well as in the contents of other common biomolecule—in C. necator during batch growth at both the population and single-cell levels. PHB accumulation began in the early stages of bacterial growth, and the maximum PHB production rate occurred in the early and middle exponential phases. The active biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins occurred in the lag and early exponential phases, whereas the levels of these molecules decreased continuously during the remaining fermentation process until the minimum values were reached. The PHB content inside single cells was relatively homogenous in the middle stage of fermentation; during the late growth stage, the variation in PHB levels between cells increased. In addition, bacterial cells in various growth phases could be clearly discriminated when principle component analysis was performed on the spectral data. These results suggest that LTRS is a valuable single-cell analysis tool that can provide more comprehensive information about the physiological state of a growing microbial population.
A Hybrid Multi-Step Rolling Forecasting Model Based on SSA and Simulated Annealing—Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization for Wind Speed
Authors: Du Pei , Jin Yu , Zhang Kequan
Published: August 2016

With the limitations of conventional energy becoming increasing distinct, wind energy is emerging as a promising renewable energy source that plays a critical role in the modern electric and economic fields. However, how to select optimization algorithms to forecast wind speed series and improve prediction performance is still a highly challenging problem. Traditional single algorithms are widely utilized to select and optimize parameters of neural network algorithms, but these algorithms usually ignore the significance of parameter optimization, precise searching, and the application of accurate data, which results in poor forecasting performance. With the aim of overcoming the weaknesses of individual algorithms, a novel hybrid algorithm was created, which can not only easily obtain the real and effective wind speed series by using singular spectrum analysis, but also possesses stronger adaptive search and optimization capabilities than the other algorithms: it is faster, has fewer parameters, and is less expensive. For the purpose of estimating the forecasting ability of the proposed combined model, 10-min wind speed series from three wind farms in Shandong Province, eastern China, are employed as a case study. The experimental results were considerably more accurately predicted by the presented algorithm than the comparison algorithms.
Sustainability of Local and Global Food Chains: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Brunori Gianluca , Galli Francesca
Published: August 2016

Sustainability assessment is one of the keys to competition by food supply chains over sustainability. The way it is conceived and embodied into decision-makers’ choices affects the competitiveness of local and global chains. Science-based assessment methodologies have made substantial progress, but uncertainties—as well as interests at stake—are high. There are no science-based methods that are able to give an unchallenged verdict over the sustainability performance of a firm, let alone a supply chain. Assessment methods are more suited for medium-large firm dimensions, as planning, monitoring, and reporting are costly. Moreover, the availability of data affects the choice of parameters to be measured, and many claims of local food are not easily measurable. To give local chains a chance to operate on a level playing field, there is the need to re-think sustainability assessment processes and tailor them to the characteristics of the analysed supply chains. We indicate seven key points on which we think scholars should focus their attention when dealing with food supply chain sustainability assessment.
The Asymmetric Effects of Oil Price Shocks on the Chinese Stock Market: Evidence from a Quantile Impulse Response Perspective
Authors: Zhu Huiming , Su Xianfang , Guo Yawei , Ren Yinghua
Published: August 2016

This paper uses a quantile impulse response approach to investigate the impact of oil price shocks on Chinese stock returns. This process allows us to uncover asymmetric effects of oil price shocks on stock market returns by taking into account the different quantiles of oil price shocks. Our results show that the responses of Chinese stock market returns to oil price shocks differ greatly, depending on whether the oil and stock market is in a bust or boom state and whether the shock is driven by demand or supply. The impacts of oil price shocks on Chinese stock returns present asymmetric features. In particular during a bust phase, oil supply and demand shocks significantly depress stock market returns, while during a boom period, the aggregate demand shock enhances stock market returns. These results suggest some important implications for investors and decision makers.
Is Clinical Breast Examination Important for Breast Cancer Detection?
Authors: Provencher L. , Hogue J.C. , Desbiens C. , Poirier B. , Poirier E. , Boudreau D. , Joyal M. , Diorio C. , Duchesne N. , Chiquette J.
Published: August 2016

Background: Screening clinical breast examination (CBE) is controversial; the use of CBE is declining not only as a screening tool, but also as a diagnostic tool. In the present study, we aimed to assess the value of CBE in breast cancer detection in a tertiary care centre for breast diseases. Methods: This retrospective study of all breast cancers diagnosed between July 1999 and December 2010 at our centre categorized cases according to the mean of detection (CBE, mammography, or both). A CBE was considered “abnormal” in the presence of a mass, nipple discharge, skin or nipple retraction, edema, erythema, peau d’orange, or ulcers. Results: During the study period, a complete dataset was available for 6333 treated primary breast cancers. Cancer types were ductal carcinoma in situ (15.3%), invasive ductal carcinoma (75.7%), invasive lobular carcinoma (9.0%), or others (2.2%). Of the 6333 cancers, 36.5% (n = 2312) were detected by mammography alone, 54.8% (n = 3470) by mammography and CBE, and 8.7% (n = 551) by physician-performed CBE alone (or 5.3% if considering ultrasonography). Invasive tumours diagnosed by CBE alone were more often triple-negative, HER2-positive, node-positive, and larger than those diagnosed by mammography alone (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A significant number of cancers would have been missed if CBE had not been performed. Compared with cancers detected by mammography alone, those detected by CBE had more aggressive features. Clinical breast examination is a very low-cost test that could improve the detection of breast cancer and could prompt breast ultrasonography in the case of a negative mammogram.
Concurrent Hypopituitarism and Leukemic Retinopathy in a Child with B-Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Isolated Central Nervous System Relapse
Authors: Wu K.H. , Wu H.P. , Lin H.J. , Wang C.H. , Chen H.Y. , Weng T. , Peng C.T. , Chao Y.H.
Published: August 2016

Hypopituitarism in leukemia is very rare. In addition, central nervous system (cns) relapse and leukemic retinopathy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) have declined with the use of modern systemic chemotherapy that includes cns prophylaxis. Here, we report the case of a 4-year-old girl who received chemotherapy and intrathecal therapy without cns radiation after a diagnosis of B-precursor all without cns involvement. Three months after chemotherapy completion, she presented with lower-extremity weakness and was diagnosed with an isolated cns relapse. Concurrent hypopituitarism and leukemic retinopathy were also found. After receiving craniospinal radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, her retinopathy and vision improved. She is now in complete remission, and she is still on chemotherapy according to the guideline from the Pediatric Oncology Group. Although rare, hypopituitarism and leukemic retinopathy should be taken into consideration in patients with cns involvement by leukemia.
Hypopharyngeal Cancer: Looking Back, Moving Forward
Authors: Day D. , Hansen A.R. , Siu L.L.
Published: August 2016

Population-based datasets can provide observational insights into cancer incidence, [...]
Corrigendum: Eastern Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference 2014
Authors: Tsvetkova E. , Sud S. , Aucoin N. , Biagi J. , Burkes R. , Samson B. , Brule S. , Cripps C. , Colwell B. , Falkson C. , Dorreen M. , Goel R. , Halwani F. , Marginean C. , Maroun J. , Michaud N. , Tehfe M. , Thirlwell M. , Vickers M. , Asmis T.
Published: August 2016

It came to our attention that, over the course of putting together this article[...]
An ellipsometric approach towards the description of inhomogeneous polymer-based Langmuir layers
Authors: Rottke Falko O , Schulz Burkhard , Richau Klaus , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas
Published: August 2016

The applicability of nulling-based ellipsometric mapping as a complementary method next to Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and imaging ellipsometry (IE) is presented for the characterization of ultrathin films at the air–water interface. First, the methodology is demonstrated for a vertically nonmoving Langmuir layer of star-shaped, 4-arm poly(ω-pentadecalactone) (PPDL-D4). Using nulling-based ellipsometric mapping, PPDL-D4-based inhomogeneously structured morphologies with a vertical dimension in the lower nm range could be mapped. In addition to the identification of these structures, the differentiation between a monolayer and bare water was possible. Second, the potential and limitations of this method were verified by applying it to more versatile Langmuir layers of telechelic poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide]-diol (PLGA). All ellipsometric maps were converted into thickness maps by introduction of the refractive index that was derived from independent ellipsometric experiments, and the result was additionally evaluated in terms of the root mean square roughness, Rq. Thereby, a three-dimensional view into the layers was enabled and morphological inhomogeneity could be quantified.
A PROTOSTELLAR JET EMANATING FROM A HYPERCOMPACT H ii REGION
Authors: Guzmán Andrés E. , Garay Guido , Rodríguez Luis F. , Contreras Yanett , Dougados Catherine , Cabrit Sylvie
Published: August 2016

We present radio continuum observations of the high-mass young stellar object (HMYSO) G345.4938+01.4677 obtained using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) at 5, 9, 17, and 19 GHz. These observations provide definite evidence that the outer and inner pairs of radio lobes consist of shock-ionized material being excited by an underlying collimated and fast protostellar jet emanating from a hypercompact H ii region. By comparing with images taken 6 years earlier at 5 and 9 GHz using the same telescope, we assess the proper motions (PMs) of the radio sources. The outer west and east lobes exhibit PMs of 64 ± 12 and 48 ± 13 mas yr−1, indicating velocities projected in the plane of the sky and receding from G345.4938+01.4677 of 520 and 390

, respectively. The internal radio lobes also display PM signals consistently receding from the HMYSO with magnitudes of 17 ± 11 and 35 ± 10 mas yr−1 for the inner west and east lobes, respectively. The morphology of the outer west lobe is that of a detached bow shock. At 17 and 19 GHz, the outer east lobe displays an arcuate morphology also suggesting a bow shock. These results show that disk accretion and jet acceleration—possibly occurring in a very similar way compared with low-mass protostars—is taking place in G345.4938+01.4677 despite the presence of ionizing radiation and the associated hypercompact H ii region.
INVERSE COMPTON X-RAY EMISSION FROM TeV BLAZAR MRK 421 DURING A HISTORICAL LOW-FLUX STATE OBSERVED WITH NuSTAR
Authors: Kataoka Jun , Stawarz Łukasz
Published: August 2016

We report on the detection of excess hard X-ray emission from the TeV BL Lac object Mrk 421 during the historical low-flux state of the source in 2013 January. Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array observations were conducted four times between MJD 56294 and MJD 56312 with a total exposure of 80.9 ks. The source flux in the 3–40 keV range was nearly constant, except for MJD 56307 when the average flux level increased by a factor of three. Throughout the exposure, the X-ray spectra of Mrk 421 were well represented by a steep power-law model with a photon index of Γ ≃ 3.1, although a significant excess was noted above 20 keV in the MJD 56302 data when the source was in its faintest state. Moreover, Mrk 421 was detected at more than the 4σ level in the 40–79 keV count maps for both MJD 56307 and MJD 56302 but not during the remaining two observations. The detected excess hard X-ray emission connects smoothly with the extrapolation of the high-energy γ-ray continuum of the blazar constrained by Fermi-LAT during source quiescence. These findings indicate that while the overall X-ray spectrum of Mrk 421 is dominated by the highest-energy tail of the synchrotron continuum, the variable excess hard X-ray emission above 20 keV (on the timescale of a week) is related to the inverse Compton emission component. We discuss the resulting constraints on the variability and spectral properties of the low-energy segment of the electron energy distribution in the source.
SPATIALLY RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY OF SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES AT z ≃ 2*
Authors: Olivares V. , Treister E. , Privon G. C. , Alaghband-Zadeh S. , Casey Caitlin M. , Schawinski K. , Kurczynski P. , Gawiser E. , Nagar N. , Chapman S. , Bauer F. E. , Sanders D.
Published: August 2016

We present near-infrared integral-field spectroscopic observations targeting Hα in eight submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) at z = 1.3–2.5 using the Very Large Telescope/Spectrograph for Integral Field Observations in the Near Infrared, obtaining significant detections for six of them. The star formation rates derived from the Hα emission are ∼100 M
⊙ yr−1, which account for only ∼20%–30% of the infrared-derived values, thus suggesting that these systems are very dusty. Two of these systems present [N ii]/Hα ratios indicative of the presence of an active galactic nucleus. We mapped the spatial distribution and kinematics of the star-forming regions in these galaxies on kiloparsec scales. In general, the Hα morphologies tend to be highly irregular and/or clumpy, showing spatial extents of ∼3–11 kpc. We find evidence for significant spatial offsets, of ∼0.″1–0.″4 or 1.2–3.4 kpc, between the Hα and the continuum emission in three of the sources. Performing a kinemetry analysis, we conclude that the majority of the sample is not consistent with disk-like rotation-dominated kinematics. Instead, they tend to show irregular and/or clumpy and turbulent velocity and velocity dispersion fields. This can be interpreted as evidence for a scenario in which these extreme star formation episodes are triggered by galaxy–galaxy interactions and major mergers. In contrast to recent results for SMGs, these sources appear to follow the same relations between gas and star-forming rate densities as less luminous and/or normal star-forming galaxies.
DETECTABILITY OF COSMIC DARK FLOW IN THE TYPE IA SUPERNOVA REDSHIFT–DISTANCE RELATION
Authors: Mathews G. J. , Rose B. M. , Garnavich P. M. , Yamazaki D. G. , Kajino T.
Published: August 2016

We reanalyze the detectability of large-scale dark flow (or local bulk flow) with respect to the CMB background based upon the redshift–distance relation for SN Ia. We made two independent analyses: one based upon identifying the three Cartesian velocity components; and the other based upon the cosine dependence of the deviation from Hubble flow on the sky. We apply these analyses to the Union2.1 SN Ia data and to the SDSS-II supernova survey. For both methods, results for low redshift,

, are consistent with previous searches. We find a local bulk flow of v
bf ∼ 300 km s−1 in the direction of (l, b) ∼ (270, 35)°. However, the search for a dark flow at

is inconclusive. Based upon simulated data sets, we deduce that the difficulty in detecting a dark flow at high redshifts arises mostly from the observational error in the distance modulus. Thus, even if it exists, a dark flow is not detectable at large redshift with current SN Ia data sets. We estimate that a detection would require both significant sky coverage of SN Ia out to z = 0.3 and a reduction in the effective distance modulus error from 0.2 mag to ≲0.02 mag. We estimate that a greatly expanded data sample of ∼104 SN Ia might detect a dark flow as small as 300 km s−1 out to z = 0.3 even with a distance modulus error of 0.2 mag. This may be achievable in a next generation large survey like LSST.
He2+ HEATING VIA PARAMETRIC INSTABILITIES OF PARALLEL PROPAGATING ALFVÉN WAVES WITH AN INCOHERENT SPECTRUM
Authors: He Peng , Gao Xinliang , Lu Quanming , Wang Shui
Published: August 2016

The preferential heating of heavy ions in the solar corona and solar wind has been a long-standing hot topic. In this paper we use a one-dimensional hybrid simulation model to investigate the heating of He2+ particles during the parametric instabilities of parallel propagating Alfvén waves with an incoherent spectrum. The evolution of the parametric instabilities has two stages and involves the heavy ion heating during the entire evolution. In the first stage, the density fluctuations are generated by the modulation of the pump Alfvén waves with a spectrum, which then results in rapid coupling with the pump Alfvén waves and the cascade of the magnetic fluctuations. In the second stage, each pump Alfvén wave decays into a forward density mode and a backward daughter Alfvén mode, which is similar to that of a monochromatic pump Alfvén wave. In both stages the perpendicular heating of He2+ particles occurs. This is caused by the cyclotron resonance between He2+ particles and the high-frequency magnetic fluctuations, whereas the Landau resonance between He2+ particles and the density fluctuations leads to the parallel heating of He2+ particles. The influence of the drift velocity between the protons and the He2+ particles on the heating of He2+ particles is also discussed in this paper.
PHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF H2O ICE CRYSTALLINITY ON TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS*
Authors: Terai Tsuyoshi , Itoh Yoichi , Oasa Yumiko , Furusho Reiko , Watanabe Junichi
Published: August 2016

We present a measurement of H2O ice crystallinity on the surface of trans-neptunian objects with near-infrared narrow-band imaging. The newly developed photometric technique allows us to efficiently determine the strength of a 1.65 μm absorption feature in crystalline H2O ice. Our data for three large objects—Haumea, Quaoar, and Orcus—which are known to contain crystalline H2O ice on the surfaces, show a reasonable result with high fractions of the crystalline phase. It can also be pointed out that if the grain size of H2O ice is larger than ∼20 μm, the crystallinities of these objects are obviously below 1.0, which suggests the presence of the amorphous phase. In particular, Orcus exhibits a high abundance of amorphous H2O ice compared to Haumea and Quaoar, possibly indicating a correlation between the bulk density of the bodies and the degree of surface crystallization. We also found the presence of crystalline H2O ice on Typhon and 2008 AP129, both of which are smaller than the minimum size limit for inducing cryovolcanism as well as a transition from amorphous to crystalline phase through thermal evolution due to the decay of long-lived isotopes.
RELATIVISTIC DOPPLER BEAMING AND MISALIGNMENTS IN AGN JETS
Authors: Singal Ashok K.
Published: August 2016

Radio maps of active galactic nuclei often show linear features, called jets, on both parsec and kiloparsec scales. These jets supposedly possess relativistic motion and are oriented close to the line of sight of the observer, and accordingly the relativistic Doppler beaming makes them look much brighter than they really are in their respective rest frames. The flux boosting due to the relativistic beaming is a very sensitive function of the jet orientation angle, as seen by the observer. Sometimes, large bends are seen in these jets, with misalignments being 90° or more, which might imply a change in the orientation angle that should cause a large change in the relativistic beaming factor. Hence, if relativistic beaming does play an important role in these jets such large bends should usually show high contrast in the brightness of the jets before and after the bend. It needs to be kept in mind that sometimes a small intrinsic change in the jet angle might appear as a much larger misalignment due to the effects of geometrical projection, especially when seen close to the line of sight. What really matters are the initial and final orientation angles of the jet with respect to the observer’s line of sight. Taking the geometrical projection effects properly into account, we calculate the consequences of the presumed relativistic beaming and demonstrate that there ought to be large brightness ratios in jets before and after the observed misalignments.
Increasing Practical Safety of Von Mises Truss via Control of Dynamic Escape
Authors: Orlando Diego , Gonçalves Paulo Batista , Lenci Stefano , Rega Giuseppe
Published: August 2016

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics and stability of the shallow von Mises truss, which is a prototype for buckling analysis of several planar and spatial truss systems and shallow lattice shell structures, including the geodesic dome, and which has a theoretical and practical interest in many engineering fields. These structural systems are liable to limit point instability and may fail at load levels well below the theoretical limit point load due to complex nonlinear phenomena that reduce the safety and the dynamic integrity of the structure; this often occurs as a consequence of the erosion of the basins of attraction of the safe pre-buckling solutions. So, it is vital to increase the safety of the structure in a dynamic environment. In this paper a method for controlling the global nonlinear dynamics of mechanical systems is applied to the shallow von Mises truss. The method consists of the (optimal) elimination of homoclinic intersection by properly adding superharmonic terms to a given harmonic excitation. By means of the solution of an appropriate optimization problem, it is possible to select the amplitudes and the phases of the added superharmonics in such a way that the manifolds distance is as large as possible. This methodology is here applied to increase the integrity of the basins of attraction of the system and consequently its practical safety.
Periodic and Chaotic Response of a Macro-Scale Tuning Fork Gyroscope
Authors: Ghandchi Tehrani M. , Silveira Marcos , Balthazar José M.
Published: August 2016

In this paper, the dynamic behaviour of a macro-scale tuning fork gyroscope is presented. The gyroscope consists of two inverted pendulums on a suspension mass. The suspension mass is subjected to force excitation generated by an electromagnetic shaker. The dynamics of the shaker are included in the analysis. It is shown that the system is a parametrically excited system. Parametric excitation can lead to vibration in the horizontal motion of the suspension mass, when the two pendulums are in phase. The problem is particularly interesting for energy harvesting. Due to the interaction between the system’s degrees of freedom, the energy is transferred from vertical (base excitation) to horizontal direction. Initial parametric studies are carried out to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the system by varying the initial conditions, base excitation frequency and amplitude. It is demonstrated that under certain parameters the system can exhibit complex dynamic behaviour such as chaotic motion.
Recurrence Plot and Recurrence Quantification of the Dynamic Properties of Cross-Shaped Laminated Energy Harvester
Authors: Harris Peter , Litak Grzegorz , Iwaniec Joanna , Bowen Chris R.
Published: August 2016

The paper examines the dynamic properties of bistable cross-shaped laminate plates for broadband energy harvesting applications by converting mechanical vibration energy into the electrical power output. Bistable laminates plates coupled to piezoelectric transducers were excited by application of harmonic excitations and exhibited a range of vibration patterns. The vibration patterns included single-well oscillations and snap-through vibrations of both periodic and chaotic character; such vibration patterns led to a different power output. Classical spectral analysis of measured voltage, displacement and velocity time histories indicated the presence of a variety of nonlinear and chaotic phenomena. As a result, an analysis of the measured displacement and voltage time histories was carried out with the use of the Recurrence Plots and the Recurrence Quantification Analysis methods. The Recurrence Plots method was used for detection of qualitative changes in the dynamic behaviour of the non-linear harvesting system. In order to facilitate interpretation of piezoelectric voltage and laminate displacement, a detailed analysis using Recurrence Plots, Recurrence Quantification Analysis was employed.
Fault Classification in Transmission Line Using Wavelet Features and Fuzzy-KNN
Authors: Mahmud Mat Nizam , Ibrahim Mohammad Nizam , Osman Muhammad Khusairi , Hussain Zakaria
Published: August 2016

Fault occurred in transmission line can cause many problems such as failure of equipment, instability in power flow, and economical losses. Many of the techniques proposed for fault classification in transmission line have applied steady state component as it is easily affected by the surroundings. Then, protection scheme based on fault generated transient that can offer an accurate result for fault classification in power system should be proposed. This paper presents the fault classification scheme using Fuzzy-KNN (Fuzzy k-Nearest Neighbor) classifier and wavelet features. Two wavelet features were calculated in this study which are Wavelet Mean (μ) and Wavelet Standard Deviation (σ). Then, the Fuzzy-KNN classifier was tested with three datasets categories: Ideal, 30 dB noise, and 20 dB noise datasets. The overall results in accuracy performance show that the Fuzzy-KNN classifier performed better than the KNN (k-Nearest Neighbor) classifier.
Mycielski Based 2d-Predictive Image Coding Algorithm
Authors: Fidan Mehmet , Gerek Ömer Nezih
Published: August 2016

The Mycielski method is a prospering prediction algorithm which is based on searching and finding largest repeated binary patterns. It uses infinite-past data to devise a rule based prediction method on a time series. In this work, a novel two-dimensional (image processing) version of the Mycielski algorithm is proposed. Since the dimensionality definition of “past” data increases in two-dimensional signals, the proposed algorithm also needs to handle how the boundaries of the pixel cliques are iteratively extended in the neighborhood of a current pixel. The clique extension invokes novel similarity search strategies that depend on the chosen physical distance metric. The proposed prediction algorithm is used for predictive image compression and performance comparisons with other predictive coding methods are presented.
Video Shot Boundary Detection in Sport Video Using the Scale Invariant Feature Transform
Authors: El Khattabi Zaynab , Tabii Youness , Benkaddour Abdelhamid
Published: August 2016

The main purpose of shot boundary detection is to detect visual content changes between consecutives frames of a video. In this paper, a new shot boundary detection algorithm is proposed based on the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). The first stage consists on a top down search scheme to detect the locations of transitions by comparing the ratio of matched features extracted via SIFT for every RGB channel of video frames. A temporal sampling period is used to avoid the frame by frame processing. The overview step provides the changes of matched features ratio all along the video. Secondly, a function is performed to detect the shot boundaries. The proposed method can be used for detecting gradual transitions as well as hard cuts and without requiring any training of the video content in advance. Experiments have been conducted on sports video and show that this algorithm achieves good results in detecting both abrupt and gradual transitions.
A Comparative Review of Mote Size and Communication Method for Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Akkaş Mustafa Alper
Published: August 2016

In the near future, WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks) have grown from a theoretical concept to a burgeoning modern technology. In this paper, it is presented a comparative review of wireless sensor network according to their size and communication methods. The main contributions of this paper are: comparing the mote size and the communication channel model considering the propagation properties of EM wave, magnetic induction, molecular communication, optical communication and acoustic communication; show the feasible range, speed and bandwidth of the channel of nodes for soil, water and air. In this respect the work presents a guideline for other researches to choose the right node and communication method for their application.
Per un ripensamento della consulenza etica nelle strutture sanitarie italiane. Riflessioni a margine del Documento di Trento
Authors: Mori Maurizio
Published: August 2016

Dopo aver delineato il dibattito suscitato dal “Documento di Trento”, e soprattutto dopo aver ricostruito lo sviluppo storico della bioetica, l’autore formula le proprie posizioni circa la possibilità della consulenza etica nelle strutture sanitarie italiane nelle attuali condizioni storiche ancora troppo pesantemente condizionate dalla scarsa apertura al pluralismo etico. ---------- After a short overview of the debate raised by the “Documento di Trento”, and above all after having examined bioethics’ development, the author presents his views on the possibility of ethics consultation within the Italian heath care services which are currently heavily conditioned by reluctance in accepting ethical pluralism.
De betekenis van Johan Buitendags stellingname in theologie der natuur
Authors: Van den Brom Luco J.
Published: August 2016

This article presents the importance of Buitendag’s stance in the so-called ‘theology of nature’. His theological statements endeavour to understand reality in conversation with other academic disciplines to see things in a wider and holistic perspective. Following a suggestion of Moltmann, theology must not restrict itself to internal ecclesiastical and personal faith topics but search for ‘the truth of the whole’. It is argued that Buitendag’s concept of holism is different from Moltmann’s ‘the truth of the whole’. Moltmann’s holism is eschatologically directed after history, but is meaningless in a contemporary debate. His concept of history seems to be problematic too. Buitendag’s holism is more Quinean as a comprehensive relative approach, bottom-up from contemporary insights within different academic disciplines. His theological approach looks like an ellipsis, involving both an ontological and epistemological focus. He defends (Trinitarian) communion as the primary concept, ontologically, which biologists may recognise in their observations of animal communities too. His theology shows a panentheistic perspective for the discourse on divine immanent agency by using as analogy the mind-body relationship in a sophisticated way. Buitendag shows the importance of this perspective for theological hermeneutics. This article presents some logical and theological problems in a panentheistic view which some prominent supporters defend as ‘reality depicting’. Buitendag avoids this because of a relational ontology.
A Study on the Prevalence of Genital Trichomoniasis among Female Outpatients Attending Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Muthusamy Swapna , Elangovan Selvi
Published: August 2016

Introduction: Women with high-risk sexual behavior accounts for more than half of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic attendees. The prevalence of trichomoniasis is as low as 5% in the general population to as high as 60% in high-risk population. This infection can pave the way to the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus and other STIs, vice versa and is even associated with cancer.

Objectives: To identify, isolate and study the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in genital specimens of female outpatients.

Materials and Methods: Total number of subjects involved in the study was 130, among them 85 belonged to high-risk group and 45 belonged to low-risk group. Two high vaginal swabs were collected from each patient. Saline wet mount, Giemsa stain, and culture in modified cysteine peptone liver infusion maltose medium were performed. Results were tabulated and analyzed.

Results: Saline wet mount was positive for trichomoniasis in seven individuals, Giemsa detected trichomoniasis in five patients, and culture was positive in eight patients. Of these eight culture positive cases, one was wet mount negative and four were Giemsa stain negative.

Conclusion: Culture is more sensitive than wet mount and Giemsa stain.
MIRNAS in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes as Possible Mediators of Neuronal Plasticity
Authors: Lafourcade Carlos , Ramírez Juan Pablo , Luarte Alejandro , Fernández Anilely , Wyneken Ursula
Published: August 2016

Astrocytes use gliotransmitters to modulate neuronal function and plasticity. However, the role of small extracellular vesicles, called exosomes, in astrocyte-to-neuron signaling is mostly unknown. Exosomes originate in multivesicular bodies of parent cells and are secreted by fusion of the multivesicular body limiting membrane with the plasma membrane. Their molecular cargo, consisting of RNA species, proteins, and lipids, is in part cell type and cell state specific. Among the RNA species transported by exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs) are able to modify gene expression in recipient cells. Several miRNAs present in astrocytes are regulated under pathological conditions, and this may have far-reaching consequences if they are loaded in exosomes. We propose that astrocyte-derived miRNA-loaded exosomes, such as miR-26a, are dysregulated in several central nervous system diseases; thus potentially controlling neuronal morphology and synaptic transmission through validated and predicted targets. Unraveling the contribution of this new signaling mechanism to the maintenance and plasticity of neuronal networks will impact our understanding on the physiology and pathophysiology of the central nervous system.
Maximal Weight Composition Factors for Weyl Modules
Authors: Jantzen Jens Carsten
Published: August 2016

Fix an irreducible (finite) root system R and a choice of positive roots. For any algebraically closed field k consider the almost simple, simply connected algebraic group Gk over k with root system k. One associates with any dominant weight λ for R two Gk-modules with highest weight λ, the Weyl module V( λ)k and its simple quotient L(µ)k . Let λ and μ be dominant weights with μ < j such that μ is maximal with this property. Garibaldi, Guralnick, and Nakano have asked under which condition there exists k such that L(μ)k is a composition factor of V(j)k , and they exhibit an example in type E8 where this is not the case. The purpose of this paper is to to show that their example is the only one. It contains two proofs for this fact: one that uses a classiffication of the possible pairs (λ, μ), and another that relies only on the classiûcation of root systems.
Leadership for All: An Internal Medicine Residency Leadership Development Program
Authors: Moore Jared M. , Wininger David A. , Martin Bryan
Published: August 2016

Background 

Developing effective leadership skills in physicians is critical for safe patient care. Few residency-based models of leadership training exist.

Objective 

We evaluated residents' readiness to engage in leadership training, feasibility of implementing training for all residents, and residents' acceptance of training.

Methods 

In its fourth year, the Leadership Development Program (LDP) consists of twelve 90-minute modules (eg, Team Decision Making and Bias, Leadership Styles, Authentic Leadership) targeting all categorical postgraduate year (PGY) 1 residents. Modules are taught during regularly scheduled educational time. Focus group surveys and discussions, as well as annual surveys of PGY-1s assessed residents' readiness to engage in training. LDP feasibility was assessed by considering sustainability of program structures and faculty retention, and resident acceptance of training was assessed by measuring attendance, with the attendance goal of 8 of 12 modules.

Results 

Residents thought leadership training would be valuable if content remained applicable to daily work, and PGY-1 residents expressed high levels of interest in training. The LDP is part of the core educational programming for PGY-1 residents. Except for 2 modules, faculty presenters have remained consistent. During academic year 2014–2015, 45% (13 of 29) of categorical residents participated in at least 8 of 12 modules, and 72% (21 of 29) participated in at least 7 of 12. To date, 125 categorical residents have participated in training.

Conclusions 

Residents appeared ready to engage in leadership training, and the LDP was feasible to implement. The attendance goal was not met, but attendance was sufficient to justify program continuation.
MELT PATTERNS IN ICE OVER SHALLOW WATERS
Authors: Woodcock Alfred H.
Published: August 2016

Evidence is presented that convection as well as pressure may be involved in the formation of the cell‐like melt centers that are often seen in ice sheets formed over natural waters. Pressure due to the weight of snow supplies the primary force necessary to cause the flow of water producing the melting. Convective overturning of the water under the ice and the consequent differential melting of the underside of the ice are thought to influence the position at which the melt centers become established.

Temperature data are given showing the presence of convective overturning of shallow water under ice due to solar radiation absorption there. Pressure measurements are also given, indicating the change in the equilibrium water level with reference to a 25‐cm thick ice cover immediately after a heavy snowfall.
SOME MEASUREMENTS OF CURRENT BY SHALLOW DROGUES IN THE FLORIDA CURRENT
Authors: Chew Frank , Berberian George A.
Published: August 2016

Several shallow parachute drogues were cast adrift in the region of the speed axis of the Florida Current and tracked for 27 hr by a Decca Hi‐Fix navigation system in a test run to explore the advantages of combining Lagrangian‐ and Eulerian‐type data. Their initial separations were of the order of 50–100 m, 200–500 m, and 2–4 km, but all turned cyclonically and then anticyclonically to trace out a meander with amplitude of some 3 km and a wavelength of some 150 km. Bathythermograph casts along the path revealed a thermal field marked by a cool column at the cyclonic bend.

In the absence of friction and downstream acceleration, the geostrophic departure is computed at −27 cm/sec at the cyclonic and 16 cm/sec at the anticyclonic turn. The implied difference in the cross‐stream slope of the sea surface is consistent with the presence of the cool column. For stationary, homogeneous conditions, the turbulence level is estimated to be 1%, with a corresponding coefficient of lateral kinematic eddy viscosity of 8.5 × 104 cm2/sec.

The drogue data were combined with Richardson dropsonde data collected by Nova University personnel a day before, for a synoptic view. The presence of the cool column, detected along the drogue path, may then be interpreted as a consequence of upstream horizontal divergence, detected by the dropsondes. The magnitude of the horizontal divergence is of the order of 10−5/sec. All these features are consistent with a proposed meandering model based on the theorem of conservation of potential vorticity. Some alternative interpretations are reviewed.
A NOTE ON THE LIMNOLOGY OF LAKE HAYQ,1 ETHIOPIA
Authors: BAXTER R. M. , GOLOBITSH D. L.
Published: August 2016

Lake Hayq is an Ethiopian highland lake with an area of 23 km2 and a maximum depth of well over 80 m. Its water has a conductivity (k20) of about 800 µmho/cm; the total ionic concentration is 10 meq/liter. The predominant cation is magnesium, followed by sodium, calcium, and potassium in that order; predominant anions are carbonate and bicarbonate, followed by chloride. The pH of the water is about 9. There was some stratification of silica and phosphate at the time of sampling. The lake is a fairly typical African Class II lake, but it differs from other Ethiopian lakes of this class in the remarkable transparency of its water (vertical extinction coefficient for green light about 0.17/m), its very low density of plankton, and the depth of the oxygenated layer (about 40 m) .