bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOPHENOTYPE ABERRANCE OF MARROW CELLS IN PRIMARY MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES
Authors: Klimkovich N. N. , Kozarezova T. I. , Smolnikova V. V. , Kolbasko L. V. , Suvorov D. I. , Iskrov I. A.
Published: September 2022

The immunophenotyping method makes it possible to detect and delimit specific cellular antigenic determinants, which enables to establish the criteria for the identification ofmorphlogically non-differetiable normal and pathologic cells. A leukemic cell clone has homogenous morphcytochemical characteristics in myelodysplastic syndromes. It is heterogenic in its antigenic structure of blastic elements which determines the prospects for its immunophenotypic investigation. The immunophenotype of marrow cells displays a high diagnostic value by the heterogeneity of the cellular population in the patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. The given method may serve as a tool for differentiative diagnosis for different myelodysplastic syndromes and can be used in the elaboration of the prognostic criteria for this pathology.
TRANSPLANT OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS FROM ADIPOSE TISSUE: OBTAINMENT, STANDARTIZATION AND APPLICATION
Authors: Krivenko S. I. , Nazarova E. A. , Selesniova E. A. , Koritko A. A. , Dedyulya N. I. , Uss A. L. , Smolnikova V. V. , Buzuk E. S.
Published: September 2022

The work determines the standard conditions for the obtainment of a transplant of mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue for the clinical application as co-transplant in allogenic transplantation of hemopoietic stem cells. To ensure the safety of the transplant besides its quality control, including morphologic and immunophenotypic tests, the results of microbiological tests and viability test were necessary in the categorization of mesenchymal stem cells. The registration certificate, devised earlier for the systematization of data on the transplant was drawn, when the mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue were distributed for the therapy. Nineteen transplants of the mesenchymal stem cells from the adipose tissue were prepared by this protocol for the clinical application. They were successfully used as co-transplants in the allogenic transplantation of hemopoietic stem cells and in the therapy of reaction Transplant Against Host in patients with oncohematological pathology in Minsk Municipal Clinical Hospital No.9.
PRESENT-DAY APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA: APPLICATION OF RITUXIMAB IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Milanovich N. F.
Published: September 2022

The present-day approaches to the treatment for chronic lymphatic leukemia have been considered, the application of rituximab, monoclonal antibody to СD20-receptors has been grounded. The results of the retrospective analysis and randomized clinical research, dedicated to the assessment of efficacy of rituximab in the combination with chemotherapy in CLL, have been presented. Based on these results, the conclusion about the advantage of immunochemotherapy with rituximab over the chemotherapy in the treatment of CLL patients has been made. It is emphasized, that R-FC mode can be considered as a new first-line therapy standard in CLL patients.
FLAG PROTOCOL-BASED CURE RATE OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA
Authors: Tretyak N. N. , Goryainova N. V. , Kiseliova E. A. , Koval A. I. , Anoshina M. Yu. , Basova O. V. , Vakulchuk A. M. , Perehrestenko T. P. , Mnishenko V. N.
Published: September 2022

The article presents the results of our own fludarabin-containing FLAG protocol-based treatment of 54 patients with both first detected and resistant forms of acute myeloid leukemia. It has been shown that, the application of the indicated chemiotherapy scheme is highly effective and makes it possible to assure remission in most patients.
Эффективное использование государственного имущества
Authors: Досбаева Айгерим
Published: September 2022

В статье приводится обоснование необходимости разработки современной системы аналитических индикаторов для оценивания эффективности использования государственного имущества и управления объектами государственной собственности в Республике Казахстан. Предложены методологические основы анализа эффективности деятельности государственных предприятий путем определения основных этапов, принципов, задач этой оценки, совершенствования комплекса аналитических показателей.
Неомакіавеллізм по–лукашенківськи
Authors: Кирилюк Федір , Куценко Олег
Published: September 2022

У статті проаналізованно ситуацію з макіавеллізмом у Білорусі, його принципи, якими користується у своїй діяльності вище політичне керівництво, аморальні способи в такому управлінні державою та відношення відомих політиків до політичного режиму в країні, розкрито трактування поняття «макіавеллізму» в науковії та громадській думці Білоруського суспільства, проведено порівняння принципів макіавеллізму з політичними діями президента О. Лукашенка та досліджено нові принципи макіавеллізму, які з’явилися вже у XXI ст., порушується проблема реалізації макіавеллізму в політичному житті Білорусі та його впливу на політичну ситуацію в країні.
Кореляція дефінітивних ознак поняттєвих обсягів полісемічних термінів
Authors: Чолан Вікторія
Published: September 2022

Стаття присвячена дискусійній проблемі встановлення інваріантних значень, притаманних внутрішнім формам термінів індоєвропейського походження із широким семантичним спектром, що суперечить мовним сутностям їхніх ідентифікаційних дефініцій. Дані поданої репрезентативної вибірки слугують обґрунтуванням пошуку методичних шляхів зведення семантичного спектру полісемічних термінів до остаточного значення.
Оценка эффективности применения пароводяной озоносодержащей смеси при санации и лечении инфицированных ран
Authors: Терехов Георгий , Костылев Михаил , Симулик Евгений , Чухраев Николай
Published: September 2022

Экспериментально исследованы бактерицидное действие гипербарической оксигенации пароводяной озон содержащей смеси на полирезистентных клинических штаммах культур микроорганизмов. На первом этапе выполнено исследование на группе лабораторных животных поведенческой реакции – проведены плавательные тесты, а также выполнены гистологические исследования их основных органов стрессового ответа. На втором этапе были проведены клинические наблюдения по оценки эффективности применения гипербарической оксигенации пароводяной озон содержащей смесью ран в условиях сочетанного бактериального обсеменения.
Особливості використання динамічної структури моделі доступу до соціальної інформаційної системи
Authors: Дурняк Богдан , Хомета Тарас
Published: September 2022

Розглянуто модель доступу до соціальної інформаційної системи, в якій важлива не тільки ідентифікація потенційного користувача, а й перевірка його повноважень на виконання тих чи інших дій в межах соціальної інформаційної системи. Це означає, що засоби доступу повинні забезпечувати заданий рівень безпеки даних від моменту, коли такий запит активізується, до моменту завершення звернення. При такій інтерпретації уявлень про доступ модель доступу повинна охоплювати всі процедури, які реалізуються в системі під час виконання запиту користувача.
Identifying Objects in Real-Time at the Lowest Framerate
Authors: Hossain Md. Mamun , Rahman Md. Ashiqur , Ahmed Humayra
Published: September 2022

The practice of finding instances of semantic objects of a certain class, including people, cars, and traffic signs, in digital photos and videos is known as object identification or detection. Due to the development of high-resolution cameras and their widespread usage in everyday life, the detection is one of the most difficult and rapidly expanding study fields in computer science, particularly in computer vision. For automatic object recognition, several researchers have experimented with a variety of techniques, including image processing and computer vision. In this research, we employed a deep learning based framework YOLOv3 using Python, Tensorflow, and OpenCV to identify objects in real time. We do a number of tests using the COCO dataset to verify the effectiveness of the suggested strategy. The results of the experiments show that our suggested solution is resource and cost effective since it uses the fewest frames per second.
Trend Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in India and Pakistan Based on Big Data and Geographic Analysis
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, Xu Lvzi , Gu Jun
Published: September 2022

India and Pakistan are two important countries of China’s Belt and Road Initiative, especially in the constructions of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor. As the major political bodies in South Asia, the two countries have gone through conflicts since the partition of India in 1947. The large scale violence and terrorist attacks happened a lot which posed a severe threat to the security and stability of the region and the world. To provide theoretical support for decision-making of relevant departments, the data of terrorist attacks in India and Pakistan from 2008 to 2018 were collected and processed in this paper by using Multiple logistic regression and K-methods clustering. The conclusion can be drawn from the analysis is that 1) some link may already exist between Lashkare- Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed; 2) the Naxalites have become the biggest threat to India's national security; 3) the demarcation line between terrorist organizations in Pakistan is clear; 4) special purposes could be found in anonymous terrorist attacks, and 5) new methods may be used in terrorist attacks in the future.
Seminar Business Model Canvas dan Desain Business Plan Bagi Mahasiswa- Mahasiswi di Kota Medan
Authors: Malau Anne Rumondang , Sitinjak Imelda , Sianturi Libianko
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this community service activity is to provide understanding and motivation on how Medan City students can consider becoming entrepreneurs and become successful by understanding the steps to starting a business through the topic of Business Model Canvas and Business Plan Design. This seminar was held on Saturday, December 11, 2021, online through a Zoom meeting from the Justin Room, HKBP Nommensen University, which was attended by approximately 2oo people. The implementation includes the opening, the MC invites participants to sing, ice breaking, seminars, question and answer sessions, and participant feedback.
For the students of this seminar, it is important to understand how to make a business plan by studying the business model canvas and a good business plan design that can help them start a business by making a business plan document. For students, this seminar is a form of training, to train themselves to consider becoming a successful entrepreneur, by being given the task as feedback from this seminar, namely to make a business plan which was collected two weeks after the seminar was held. Although there were some technical obstacles, overall, the seminar participants were very enthusiastic in responding to every interaction with the speakers, they were able to clearly summarize the topics presented and hoped that a further development program would be held, so it can be concluded that the purpose of this service has been achieved.
Theory of Bandura's Social Learning in The Process Of Teaching at SMA Methodist Berastagi Kabupaten Karo
Authors: Manik Sondang , Sembiring Milisi , Padang Immanuel , Manurung Lastri
Published: September 2022

Learning is the process of change in human character, and these changes are manifested as an increase in the quality and quantity of behavior, such as improve skills, knowledge, attitudes, habits, understanding, skills, thinking abilities, etc. To make learning enjoyable, each class should include an activity that allows students to gain new knowledge and skills. Learning activities of this type must bridge the gap between prior knowledge held by learners and new knowledge created by them. One of the psychologists known for learning theory is Albert Bandura. Albert Bandura emphasizes the importance of observing, modeling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional responses of others. Social learning theory considers how environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior. Albert Bandura's Social Learning emphasizes the importance of the learner develop their own knowledge or information gained from model observations the surrounding environment. The learner organizes all the information in detail code. The process of preparing each code can be repeated, allowing learners to real-time feedback can be provided. The learner's behavior is the result of competence. The learner interprets knowledge or information, imitates the model, and then recognizes process and identify desired action goals. Encourage learners to think critically and creatively. Analyzing the problem and offering alternative solutions is critical to the problem.
Čija Kriza?
Authors: Grubacki Isidora
Published: September 2022

In 1929, the central feminist organization in interwar Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes / Yugoslavia Alijansa ženskih pokreta (Women's Movements' Alliance) removed the demand for women's suffrage rights from their program. By analyzing and carefully contextualizing articles published in the central Yugoslav feminist magazine Ženski pokret (Belgrade, 1920-1938), the article addresses a specific gap in historiography about women's movements and feminisms in interwar Yugoslavia, and argues that the removal od this demand from the feminists' program was not only a direct consequence of the Royal dictatorship, but also a reflection of a broader disillusionment with the parliamentary and party politics in interwar Yugoslavia. More broadly, the article addresses the narrative of the „crisis of feminism“, suggesting that this is not a sufficently satisfactory explanation for the transformation of feminism in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Furthemore, the article contributes to the historiography of the political history of feminisms, and acknowledges the entangled history of the Yugoslav feminist movement with the parliamentary and party politics. Methodologically, it follows the recent approaches to the history of political thought in East Central Europe, and gives new insights into the political thought of the feminists from the AŽP, and particularly their leader Alojzija Štebi and her „political vocabulary“ and her understanding of political neutrality, moral crisis of political life, and small-scale work.
BREVE HISTÓRICO DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL NO BRASIL
Authors: Pereira Angelita Carmo , Almeida Claudiane Aparecida de Assunção , Cruz Dailze Luzia da , Galdino Junior Leocy , Gomes Mayara Almeida , Soares Rosimeire Aniceta de Carvalho
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo tem a finalidade de refletir a respeito do contexto histórico da evolução da Educação Infantil, e o surgimento das Políticas Públicas na Educação Infantil. O percurso percorrido da Educação Infantil foi difícil e lento, porque não havia um entendimento que a criança necessitava de uma atenção especial nos primeiros anos de vida. Apesar dos avanços obtidos na Educação Infantil, percebemos que muito precisa ser feito para diminuir a distância entre a legislação e a realidade.
Mercury chloride toxicity attenuation of the Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina after treatment with Mercurius corrosivus as isotherapic
Authors: Pinto Andréia Adelaide Gordinho , Oliveira Nagai Mirian Y. , Nascimento Coimbra Ednar , Nowrooz Mohammad Suham , Souza Silva Jefferson , Von Ancken Adalberto , Gordinho Pinto Sandra Augusta , Sanchez Aguiar Michelle , Dutra-Correa Maristela , Hortellani Marco Antonio , Miranda Adriana , Souza Sarkis Jorge Eduardo , Barbosa Suffredini Ivana , Bravin Peres Giovani , Bernardi Maria Martha , Cartwright Steven John , Villano Bonamin Leoni
Published: September 2022

Isotherapics prepared from toxic substances have been described as attenuation factors for heavy metal intoxication in aquatic animals. Herein, Artemia salina and mercury chloride were used as a model to identify treatment-related bioresilience. The aim was to describe the effects of Mercurius corrosivus (MC) in different potencies on Artemia salina cyst hatching and on mercury bioavailability. Artemia salina cysts were exposed to 5.0 µg/mL of mercury chloride during the hatching phase. MC 6cH, 30cH, and 200cH were prepared and poured into artificial seawater. Different controls were used (nonchallenged cysts and challenged cysts treated with water, succussed water, and Ethilicum 1cH). Four series of nine experiments were performed for 4 weeks to evaluate the percentage of cyst hatching considering all moon phases. Soluble total mercury (THg) levels and precipitated mercury content were also evaluated. Solvatochromic dyes were used to check for eventual physicochemical markers of MC biological activity. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with mixed models was used for evaluating the effect of different treatments and the simultaneous influence of the moon phases on the cysts hatching rate, at both observation times (24 and 48 hours). When necessary, outliers were removed, using the Tukey criterion. The level of significance α was set at 5%. Significant delay (p<0.0001) in cyst hatching was observed after treatment with MC 30cH, compared with the controls. An increase in THg concentration in seawater (p<0.0018) and of chlorine/oxygen ratio (p<0.0001) in suspended micro-aggregates was also seen, with possible relation with mercury bioavailability. Specific interaction of MC 30cH with the solvatochromic dye ET33 (p<0.0017) was found. The other observed potencies of Mercurius corrosivus 6 and 200 cH were not significant in relation to the observed groups. The results were postulated as being protective effects of MC 30cH on Artemia salina, by improving its bioresilience.
High Dilution in Leukopenia treatment in Dogs
Authors: Brait Narita Franscinne , Coelho Cideli , Scardoeli Bruna
Published: September 2022

Background: Leukopenia is associated with the consumption of peripheral leukocytes, decreased production due to endotoxemia and septicemia, medullary hypoplasia, nutritional diseases or autoimmune reactions. In a case report by Narita et al, Echinacea angustifolia demonstrated the effectiveness of treatment of leukopenia in penguins. Aims: Report the evolution of homeopathic treatment in 5 dogs patients between 3 and 5 years old, presenting leukopenia. Methodology: The homeopathic treatment was chosen, based on the principle of similitude, using Echinacea angustifolia due to its immunostimulant action, that its evolution was analyzed by the blood test. The exposed information is consented by the tutors. Results: The same protocol was made for all of the patient, included 4 globules of Echinacea angustifolia 6 cH orally, every 12 hours for 30 days. The first dog attended on 07/21/2021, presented 4.000 leukocytes, which increased to 6.800 on 08/17/2021. The second patient attend on 12/07/2021 presented 4.700 leukocytes, increasing to 6.800 on 01/25/2022. The third patitent attended on 08/24/2021 presented 5.400 leukocyte, which increasing to 6.800 on 10/15/2021. The fourth patient presented 4.300 leukocytes on 01/13/2022, increasing to 5.500 on 02/11/2022. The fifth patient presented on 12/12/2021 4.600 leukocytes, increasing to 8.400 on 02/03/2022. Therefore, the mean of the first collection was 3.681 leukocytes and in the second there was a increased to 6.860 leukocytes (Mann Whitney, p= 0,0079). Conclusion: High dilution proves to be successful in the treatment of leukopenia without causing side effects.            Keywords: Homeopathy, Leukopenia, Immunity, Dogs.

References:

Barnes, J.; Anderson, A.L.; Gibbons, S. Phillipson, D. Echinacea species (Echinacea angustifolia (DC.) Hell., Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench): a review of their chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. V 57, 2005.

Demarque, D.; Jouanny, J.; Poitevin, B.; Saint-Jean, Y. Farmacologia e Matéria Médica Homeopática. S. Paulo: Organon, 2009.

Narita, F.; Scardoeli, B.; Bartalini, C.; Neto, H.; Coelho, C. Poster presentation - World Congress of Veterinary Homeopathy IAVH Colombia, Treatment of leukopenia with Echinacea angustifolia in Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), 2019.
Hyperadrenocorticism Treatment with High Dilution – Case Report
Authors: Brait Narita Franscinne , Coelho Cideli , Scardoeli Bruna
Published: September 2022

Background: Hyperadrenocorticism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs, associated to an excessive production or administration of cortisol. Aims: Report the evolution of homeopathic treatment in hyperadrenocorticism of a yorkshire male dog with 10 years old, analyzing with basal and post-acth stimulation cortisol values. Methodology: Homeopathic treatment was chosen, based on the principle of similitude and because it is efficient and less harmful for the patient using Ignatia amara associated to cortisol biotherapy to inhibit cortisol production and adrenal biotherapy to stimulate the gland response. The exposed information is consented by the tutor. Results: The dog was in convencional treatment with trilostane but didn’t response to the therapy, showing 5,41 μg/dL of basal result and 11,8 μg/dL of post-acth result and the symptoms were worst on 12/12/2021, presenting lethargic, panting, more evident alopecia and severe muscle weakness which the patient unable to stand. Therefore, the protocol was recommended for 3 months, included 3 globules of Ignatia amara 30cH orally, every 12 hours, 3 globules of cortisol biotherapy 30 cH and also of adrenal biotherapy 6 cH every 24 hours for 30 days. On 03/28/2022 the basal and post-acth stimulation results was 3,71 μg/dL e 5,79 μg/dL respectively and the patient was more active, the skin was better and even with difficulty it was moving and having more independence. Conclusion: Homeopathic treatment with high dilution proved to be effective, keeping the indices with the recommended range of post acth between 2.0 and 5.0, confirming an adequate therapeutic monitoring and symptomatic improvement.

Keywords: Homeopathy, Biotherapy, Hyperadrenocorticism, Cortisol

 

References:

Romão, F.G. et al. Hiperadrenocorticismo em cães: revisão. Clínica Veterinária, v. 91, 2011.

Demarque, D.; Jouanny, J.; Poitevin, B.; Saint-Jean, Y. Farmacologia e Matéria Médica Homeopática. S. Paulo: Organon, 2009.
Feline Injection-Site Sarcoma Complete Remission After Treatment with Isopathic medicine: a Case Report
Authors: Salles Scortegagna de Medeiros Nathalia
Published: September 2022

This is a case report of a feline injection-site sarcoma generated by the rabies vaccine in a 13 year old mix breed spay cat tretaed with isopathic medicine.
Formation of Self-organized Structures in Drying Droplets: a Promising Analytical Tool for Homeopathy Basic Research
Authors: Kokornaczyk Maria Olga , Würtenberger Sandra , Betti Lucietta , Trebbi Grazia , Castelan Mario , Acuna Carlos , Baumgartner Stephan
Published: September 2022

The droplet evaporation method (DEM) is based on the evaporation-induced pattern formation in droplets and is applied mainly for diagnosis [1].

Here, we present a series of experiments performed by our team showing DEMs potential also for homeopathy basic research, in particular, for the investigation of (i) low potencies, (ii) low potency complexes (physical model), and (iii) the action of high potencies (plant-based model).

DEM differentiated significantly between Luffa, Baptisia, Echinacea, and Spongia until 4x [2]. Furthermore, the patterns varied in function of the number of succussion strokes (0, 10, or 100) applied during potentization [3]. The performance of chaotic succussions vs. laminar flow vs. slight mixing during the potentization of Viscum album quercus 3x influenced the DEM patterns; the chaotic succussions reduced, whereas laminar flow enhanced the patterns complexity vs. the unsuccussed control.

The addition of Mercurius bijodatus 9x to Luffa 4x changed significantly the DEM patterns, even if the material quantity present in the 9x potency lied far beyond that of ultrapure water.

Leakages obtained by placing healthy or damaged wheat-seeds into Arsenicum album 45x or Zincum metallicum 30c vs. water created significantly different DEM structures [4, 5]. The damaged seeds put into the potency created structures characterized by a higher complexity than those obtained from damaged seeds put into control water. Furthermore, the potency action seemed to correlate positively with the number of succussion strokes applied during potentization, as could be shown by means of DEM patterns and germination rate using the same wheat-seed model [6].

In all our studies, the pattern evaluation was computerized or based on deep-learning algorithms and the robustness of the experimental system was checked by means of systematic control experiments.

DEM together with other similar methods has also been reviewed by our team for what concerns the application in homeopathy basic research [7].
Transparencia y buen gobierno. Una visión desde el poder judicial
Authors: Chamorro González Jesús María
Published: September 2022

La necesidad de introducir en la gestión de los intereses públicos criterios de transparencia y de buen gobierno de be alcanzar a algunas de las actividades que lleva a cabo el Poder Judicial. Esa perspectiva es de más obligada consideración cuando nos referimos a la actividad de los órganos de gobierno externo e interno. Este trabajo analiza algunas de las normas de carácter orgánico y domestico que disciplinan esta perspectiva en nuestro sistema judicial.
Flaring efficiencies and NOx emission ratios measured for offshore oil and gas facilities in the North Sea
Authors: Shaw Jacob T. , Foulds Amy , Wilde Shona , Barker Patrick , Squires Freya , Lee James , Purvis Ruth , Burton Ralph , Colfescu Ioana , Mobbs Stephen , Bauguitte Stéphane J.-B. , Young Stuart , Schwietzke Stefan , Allen Grant
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Gas flaring is a substantial global source of carbon emissions to atmosphere, and is targeted as a route to mitigating the oil and gas sector carbon footprint, due to the waste of resources involved. However, quantifying carbon emissions from flaring is resource intensive, and no studies have yet assessed flaring emissions for offshore regions. In this work, we present carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and NOx (nitrogen oxide) data from 58 emission plumes identified as gas flaring, measured during aircraft campaigns over the North Sea (UK and Norwegian) in 2018 and 2019. Median combustion efficiency, the efficiency with which carbon in the flared gas is converted to CO2 in the emission plume, was 98.4 % when accounting for C2H6, or 98.7 % when only accounting for CH4. Higher combustion efficiencies were measured in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea compared with the UK sector. Destruction removal efficiencies (DREs), the efficiency with which an individual species is combusted, were 98.5 % for CH4, and 97.9 % for C2H6. Median NOx emission ratios were measured to be 0.003 ppm per ppm CO2 and 0.26 ppm per ppm CH4, and the median C2H6 : CH4 ratio was measured to be 0.11 ppm ppm-1. The highest NOx emission ratios were observed from Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessels, although this could potentially be due to the presence of alternative NOx sources onboard, such as diesel generators. The measurements in this work were used to estimate total emissions from the North Sea from gas flaring, of 1.4 Tg yr-1 CO2, 6.3 Gg yr-1 CH4, 1.7 Gg yr-1 C2H6, and 3.9 Gg yr-1 NOx.
On the importance of moisture conveyor belts from the tropical East Pacific for wetter conditions in the Atacama Desert during the Mid-Pliocene
Authors: Reyers Mark , Fiedler Stephanie , Ludwig Patrick , Böhm Christoph , Wennrich Volker , Shao Yaping
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Geomorphic and sedimentologic data indicate that the climate of today’s hyper-arid Atacama Desert (Northern Chile) was more humid during the Mid-to Late Pliocene. The processes, however, leading to increased rainfall in this period are largely unknown. To uncover these processes we use both global and regional kilometre-scale model experiments for the mid-Pliocene (3.2 Ma BP). We found that the PMIP4-CMIP6 model (CESM2) and the regional model (WRF) used in our study simulate more rainfall in the Atacama Desert for the mid-Pliocene in accordance to proxy data, mainly due to stronger extreme rainfall events in winter. Case studies reveal that these extreme winter rainfall events during the mid-Pliocene are associated with strong moisture conveyer belts (MCBs) originating in the tropical East Pacific. For present-day conditions, in contrast, our simulations suggest that the moisture fluxes rather arise from the subtropical Pacific region and are much weaker. A clustering approach reveals systematic differences between the moisture fluxes in the present-day and mid-Pliocene climates, both in strength and origins. The two mid-Pliocene clusters representing tropical MCBs and occurring less than one day per year on average produce more rainfall in the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert south of 20° S than what is simulated for the entire present-day period. We thus conclude that MCBs are mainly responsible for enhanced rainfall during the mid-Pliocene. There is also a strong SST increase in the tropical East Pacific and along the Atacama coast for the mid-Pliocene. It suggests that a warmer ocean in combination with stronger mid-tropospheric troughs is beneficial for the development of MCBs leading to more extreme rainfall in a +3 K warmer world like in the mid-Pliocene.
Pesticide transport through the vadose zone under sugarcane in the Wet Tropics, Australia
Authors: Karim Rezaul , Reading Lucy , Dawes Les , Dahan Ofer , Orr Glynis
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Photosystem II (PS II) pesticides, recognised as a threat to ecological health, were targeted for reduction in sugarcane farming in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchments. Alternative herbicides, the non-PS II herbicides (including glyphosate, paraquat, 2,4-D, imazapic, isoxaflutole, metolachlor, and S-metolachlor), continue to be used in these catchments. However, the potential ecological fate, transport, and off-site environmental effects of non-PS II herbicides, with respect to their usage scheme, local rainfall patterns, and infiltration dynamics, has not been investigated previously. A vadose zone monitoring system, instrumented beneath a sugarcane land in a GBR catchment, was applied for real time tracing of pesticide migration across the unsaturated zone, past the root zone during 2017–2019.The monitoring of regularly applied pesticides (fluroxypyr and isoxaflutole), exhibited substantial migration through the unsaturated zone. Within one month after application of fluroxypyr, it leached to 2.87 m depth in the vadose zone, with declining concentrations with depth. Isoxaflutole, which was applied yearly, was found only once, in November 2018, at 3.28 m depth in the soil profile. Other pesticides (imazapic, metolachlor, glyphosate and haloxyfop), applied at the same period, were not detected through the vadose zone. However, imidacloprid, which was not applied at the site during the monitored period, was detected across the entire vadose zone, revealing substantial resistance to degradation. The results show no evidence of any regularly applied pesticides in the site bores at the end of the study, indicating their ultimate degradation within the vadose zone before reaching the groundwater.
Effects of complex terrain on the shortwave radiative balance: A sub–grid scale parameterization for the GFDL Land Model version 4.2
Authors: Zorzetto Enrico , Malyshev Sergey , Chaney Nathaniel , Paynter David , Menzel Raymond , Shevliakova Elena
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Parameterizing incident solar radiation over complex topography regions in Earth System Models (ESMs) remains a challenging task. In ESMs, downward solar radiative fluxes at the surface are typically computed using plane parallel radiative transfer schemes, which do not explicitly account for the effects of a three-dimensional topography, such as shading and reflections. To improve the representation of these processes, we introduce and test a parameterization of radiation-topography interactions tailored to the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) ESM land model. The approach presented here builds on an existing correction scheme for direct, diffuse and reflected solar irradiance terms over three-dimensional terrain. Here we combine this correction with a novel hierarchical multivariate clustering algorithm which explicitly describes the spatially varying downward irradiance over mountainous terrain. Based on a high-resolution digital elevation model, this combined method first defines a set of sub–grid land units ("tiles") by clustering together sites characterized by similar terrain-radiation interactions (e.g., areas with similar slope orientation, terrain and sky view factors). Then, based on terrain parameters characteristic for each tile, correction terms are computed to account for the effects of local 3-D topography on shortwave radiation over each land unit. We develop and test this procedure based on a set of Monte Carlo ray tracing simulations approximating the true radiative transfer process over three dimensional topography. Domains located in three distinct geographic regions (Alps, Andes, and Himalaya) are included in this study to allow for independent testing of the methodology over surfaces with differing topographic features. We find that accounting for the sub–grid spatial variability of solar irradiance originating from interactions with complex topography is important as these effects lead to significant local differences with respect to the plane-parallel case, as well as with respect to grid–cell scale average topographic corrections. Finally, we quantify the importance of the topographic correction for a varying number of terrain clusters and for different radiation terms (direct, diffuse, and reflected radiative fluxes) in order to inform the application of this methodology in different ESMs with varying sub-grid tile structure.
Quantifying the potential benefits of risk-mitigation strategies on future flood losses in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Mesta Carlos , Cremen Gemma , Galasso Carmine
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Flood risk is expected to increase in many regions worldwide due to rapid urbanization and climate change if adequate risk-mitigation (or climate-change-adaptation) measures are not implemented. However, the exact benefits of these measures remain unknown or inadequately quantified for potential future events in some multi-hazard-prone areas such as Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, which this paper addresses. The analysis involves modeling two flood-occurrence cases (with 100-year and 1000-year mean return periods) and using four residential exposure inventories representing the current (2021) urban system or near-future (2031) development trajectories that Kathmandu Valley could experience. The results predict substantial mean absolute financial losses (€ 473 million and € 775 million in repair/reconstruction costs) and mean loss ratios (2.8 % and 4.5 %) for the respective flood-occurrence cases in current times if the building stock’s quality is assumed to have remained the same as in 2011 (Scenario A). Under a “no change” pathway for 2031 (Scenario B), where the vulnerability of the expanding building stock remains the same as in 2011, mean absolute financial losses for the 100-year and 1000-year mean return period flooding occurrences would respectively increase by 16 % and 14 % over those of Scenario A. However, a minimum (0.20 m) elevation of existing residential buildings located in the floodplains and the implementation of flood-hazard-informed land-use planning for 2031 (Scenario C) could respectively decrease the mean absolute financial losses of the flooding occurrences by 13 % and 9 %, and the corresponding mean loss ratios by 27 % and 23 %, relative to those of Scenario A. Moreover, an additional improvement of the building stock’s vulnerability that accounts for the multi-hazard-prone nature of the valley (by means of structural retrofitting and building code enforcement) for 2031 (Scenario D) would further decrease the mean loss ratios (respective reductions for the 100-year and 1000-year mean return period flooding occurrences would be 28 % and 24 % relative to those of Scenario A). The largest mean loss ratios computed in the four scenarios are consistently associated with populations of the highest incomes, which are largely located in the floodplains. In contrast, the most significant benefits of risk mitigation (i.e., largest reduction in mean absolute financial losses or mean loss ratios between scenarios) are experienced by populations of the lowest incomes. This paper’s main findings can inform decision makers about the benefits of investing in forward-looking multi-hazard risk-mitigation efforts.
The perception of palaeontology in commercial off-the-shelf video games and an assessment of their potential as educational tools
Authors: Clements Thomas , Atterby Jake , Cleary Terri , Dearden Richard P. , Rossi Valentina
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Video games now comprise the largest sector of the media entertainment industry. Hundreds of video games, spanning a huge variety of genres and platforms, use extinct animals and/or palaeontological themes as a basis for their gameplay. Because of this, many players, especially children, spend long periods of time engaging with and being immersed in palaeontological concepts and themes. Video games may be the first medium of implicit or tangential science communication they engage with, especially with regards to palaeontology. However, commercial off-the-shelf video games are not primarily designed to be educational tools, and the proliferation of some common tropes can disseminate harmful and/or unethical (mis)information regarding palaeontology. This paper introduces the major types of palaeontological video games and discusses their educational potential. We highlight the most common palaeontological tropes, both positive and negative, observed in video games to better equip science communicators regarding the perception of palaeontology (and ancient animals) in this massively influential medium that they may encounter when undertaking scientific engagement. Furthermore, by highlighting common misconceptions and harmful tropes, we aim to bring awareness to game developers, who may be unaware that they could be propagating negative tropes about palaeontological science.
Official Business
Authors: Lister Ruth
Published: September 2022

Official Business aims to keep readers up to date with reports from government, parliamentary and other official bodies. It provides summaries of new White Papers, Command Papers, Select Committee Reports and other government and official material concerning social security, poverty and other related matters. This edition of Official Business covers:

Child poverty

Employment

Pensions

Housing Benefit and lone parents
Parliamentary Questions
Authors: Bennett Fran
Published: September 2022

Parliamentary Questions is a selection of recent written questions from MPs to government ministers in the House of Commons. The answers from ministers highlighted in this section focus on social security, tax credits and poverty matters that may be of general interest to readers. Published in daily and weekly editions of Hansard, questions and answers across a range of issues can also now be found online at www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmhansrd.htm.

In addition to written parliamentary questions, Hansard also covers oral answers from the ministers in the Department for Work and Pensions and other departments on a regular basis. In recent months, ministers have also started making written ministerial statements. These are printed just before the written answers in Hansard, and often cover announcements of substantive policy changes, the publication of reports etc.

Because of the availability of parliamentary answers on the website, only a few significant answers are now reproduced in full in Benefits. Other important answers are listed, in chronological date order, within each topic. (Please note that this is not a complete list of parliamentary answers on social security benefits, but only those which the contributor thinks fairly important and/or interesting, within the limits of space.)

The answers below cover the period from late June until mid-October. Some of the answers are those given to oral questions, in addition to the more usual written questions.
On the Use and Misuse of the Laffer Curve
Authors: Barnett II William , Block Walter
Published: September 2022

The main use to which the economics profession has put the Laffer curve (at least if you judge by a representative sample of principles and intermediate textbooks) is to choose that tax rate which maximizes governmental revenues. To say the least, this enterprise cannot be justified by a resort to positive economics. Necessarily associated to a Laffer curve, is an income curve over the same (tax rate) domain, which we illustrate and that starkly demonstrates, the conflict between the government and the citizenry over optimal tax policy. As an empirical issue, our paper casts doubt on the claim that tax rate reductions in the 1980s were responsible for budget deficits.
Welfare benefits take-up project in primary care in Wakefield
Authors: Lishman-Peat Janine , Brown Graham
Published: September 2022

This article describes a Health Action Zone funded project to increase the take-up of benefits by patients of GP surgeries. The project is run jointly by a local authority and a Citizens’ Advice Bureau. The article describes the excellent results obtained and the evaluation that has been undertaken.
Prisoners’ families: civic virtue and policies of impoverishment
Authors: Smith Rose , Grimshaw Roger , Romeo Renee , Knapp Martin
Published: September 2022

This article explores the poverty and disadvantage experienced by prisoners’ families living at or below the level officially recognised as ‘poor’. Current social policy ignores the priority given to the care needs of children by predominantly female relatives and partners of prisoners. In conjunction with criminal justice and immigration legislation, social policies have combined to impoverish, disadvantage and exclude prisoners’ families. Reforms of the welfare system may improve the adequacy of state welfare benefits, but unless fundamentally reshaped, social policy could continue to penalise the ‘care’ offered by prisoners’ families and so further entrench inequalities.
Ready to work? Understanding the experiences of people with multiple problems and needs
Authors: Dean Hartley , MacNeill Virginia , Melrose Margaret
Published: September 2022

The focus of current government policy on maximising labour market participation among those of working age is known to have particular implications for people with multiple problems and needs. This article reports preliminary findings from a study based on in-depth interviews with 50 people with experience of not only unemployment, but several additional problems, such as homelessness, ill-health or disability, substance abuse, the criminal justice system, and disruptive family relationships. It points particularly to the traumatic nature of the lives experienced by many of those participating in the study and to the corrosive culture of self-blame to which they were subject. It concludes by arguing for more holistic ways of supporting people in such situations and for a different approach to assessing ‘job readiness’.
The Pension Service: delivering benefits to older people?
Authors: Agulnik Phil
Published: September 2022

Since April 2002 benefits for older people have been administered by the Pension Service, an executive agency of the Department for Work and Pensions. Its aims are to improve service delivery, so that pensioners can claim their entitlements as easily as possible, and to increase take-up of means-tested benefits. However, the move to dealing with claims over the telephone will only make it marginally easier to navigate the benefits system: pensioners will still need to go elsewhere to claim disability and housing-related benefits. And the history of attempts to increase take-up suggests that some pensioners will always be resistant to claiming means-tested benefits. This said, the introduction of Pension Credit in October 2003 will extend means-testing to around half of all pensioners, and it is possible that this will reduce stigma and encourage benefit take-up by the poorest pensioners.
Elderly people in Vietnam: social protection, informal support and poverty
Authors: Evans Martin , Harkness Susan
Published: September 2022

This article explores social protection in Vietnam. Vietnam is one of the best-performing countries in terms of combining rapid economic growth, rapidly falling poverty and a commitment to social protection. It is keen not to repeat the mistakes of increased inequality and rural instability that have plagued its neighbour China and deserves more coverage by, and attention from, European policy analysts. This article summarises research on elderly people undertaken for the United Nations Development Programme in Hanoi using data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey. We show that social protection for elderly people in Vietnam is currently patchy, with state transfers tending to reinforce patterns of inequality. These transfers are currently disproportionately captured by those who already relatively well off: those in formal sector employment, the better educated, those living in urban areas and state employees. Those people most likely to be poor, including the minority ethnic population, are among the least likely to be in receipt of state support. Elderly people in this group are largely dependent on income from their own labour and from familial transfers. While the government is committed to extending the coverage of social protection, progress towards a universal and comprehensive system is likely to be slow, given current financial and information constraints and existing commitments to paying the pensions of old cadres now reaching retirement.
Phosphine Resistance in Turkish Populations of Sitophilus oryzae (L., 1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: BOZKURT Hüseyin , IŞIKBER Ali Arda , SAĞLAM Özgür
Published: September 2022

In this study, the status of phosphine resistance in Sitophilus oryzae (L.,1763) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations collected from Şanlıurfa, Adana and Kahramanmaraş province in Turkey were investigated by conducting the discriminating concentration tests and the concentration–mortality bioassays. Low (0.04 mg/L) and high (0.20 mg/L) discriminating concentration tests indicated that there was phosphine resistance of S. oryzae. The survival rates of field population of S. oryzae in Şanlıurfa, Adana and Kahramanmaraş ranged from 0 to 99%, 0 to 90% and 0 to 89% at the low discriminating concentration while it ranged from 0 to 83%, 0 to 46.5% and 0 to 28.5% at the high discriminating concentration respectively. Based on 50% mortality level (LC50), the Şanlıurfa 4, Adana 7 and Kahramanmaraş 8 populations were 57.5, 28.9, and 16.3 times more resistant, respectively, than the susceptible population (Kahramanmaraş 4). In conclusion, this study revealed that phosphine resistance in S. oryzae is high in the examined areas of Turkey and some populations have levels of resistance that may pose challenges to the continued use of phosphine for their management.