bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth, Morphological, and Biochemical Responses of Four Native Species to Salinity Stress
Authors: Paudel Asmita , Sun Youping
Published: May 2023

Native plants are of great value in landscape maintenance. Despite their importance in the landscape, the salt tolerance of most native plants has received little attention. The present research was designed to assess morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of four Utah-native plants [Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (kinnikinnick), Cercocarpus ledifolius (curl-leaf mountain mahogany), Cercocarpus montanus ‘Coy’ (alder-leaf mountain mahogany), and Shepherdia ×utahensis ‘Torrey’ (hybrid buffaloberry)] at different salinity levels. Each species was irrigated with a nutrient solution at an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.2 dS·m−1 (control) or saline solutions at ECs of 5.0 or 10.0 dS·m−1 for 8 weeks. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with 10 replications. At 8 weeks after the initiation of the experiment, A. uva-ursi and C. montanus ‘Coy’ had slight foliar salt damage with an average visual score of 3.7 (0 = dead, 5 = excellent with no sign of foliar salt damage) when irrigated with saline solution at an EC of 5.0 dS·m−1 and were dead at an EC of 10.0 dS·m−1. Similarly, C. ledifolius had an average visual score of 3.2 when irrigated with saline solution at an EC of 10.0 dS·m−1. However, almost no foliar salt damage was observed on S. ×utahensis ‘Torrey’ during the experimental period. In addition, the shoot dry weight of all species was reduced with elevated salinity levels in the irrigation water. Salinity stress also reduced gas exchange rates of plants and affected their mineral content. Proline accumulated in the leaves of native plants but was species-dependent. In conclusion, S. ×utahensis ‘Torrey’ was tolerant to salinity stress followed by C. ledifolius; A. uva-ursi and C. montanus ‘Coy’ were sensitive to salinity stress.
Code-Switching in Malaysian Stand-Up Comedy Performances: A Case Study of Comedian Harith Iskander
Authors:   English Language Department, Maplewood Academy, Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia, Md Nor Maiyamin , R. K. Shangeetha ,   English Language Department, Maplewood Academy, Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: May 2023

Usage of code-switching in the scene of stand-up comedy is one of many creative strategies for comedians to deliver jokes and connect with a multilingual audience. However, not many employ this strategy, especially in Malaysia. Malaysian standup comedians rarely use code-switching in the delivery of their jokes as many use the local variety of English in achieving humour. Code-switching enables comedians to reach out to their audience and ensures their jokes are delivered more effectively and appreciated by the audience. Centring upon the use of codeswitching from English to Malay in two stand-up comedy performances by a wellknown Malaysian artist, Harith Iskander, this article delves into the frequently used forms and functions of code-switching found in the performances. Shana Poplack’s categorisation of code-switching and Hoffman’s functions of codeswitching frame the basis of this descriptive analysis. Both frameworks are used to determine the types of code-switching used and its functions. The findings show that intrasentential code-switching is the most used in one performance while tag switching is used most frequently in the other performances. The discrepancy of outcomes between the two performances is a result of language accommodation by the comedian for the target audience; the first performance is targeted to a Malay audience while the second has a more diverse audience. In terms of functions of code-switching in both performances, they differ only in frequencies; where code- switching is mostly used to talk about a particular topic and express group identity in the first performance while in the second, it mainly functions as interjection. The overall results show that the target audience influences the way code-switching is used by stand-up comedians in order to engage with them. The findings indicate that code-switching becomes less prominent when the audience is more diverse. This implies that the type of audience influences the extent and limits on code switching in stand-up comedy. This research can benefit stand-up comedians regarding the incorporation of code-switching in delivering jokes.
Professional burnout, quality of life issues and psychological burden in anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists in contemporary conditions аfter COVID-19 pandemic: results of an internet-based survey
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana P. , Efremov S. M. , Ionova T. I.
Published: May 2023

INTRODUCTION: Anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists are considered to be an extremely vulnerable group of medical specialists, more susceptible to professional stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to study the severity of professional burnout syndrome (PB), quality of life (QoL) issues and psychological burben in anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists working in a multi-field hospital, as well as to determine the risk factors for PB in these specialists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Physicians completed the online survey questionnaire including MBI, WHOQOL-BREF and HADS for assessment of PB, QoL and anxiety and depression, respectively, as well as the checklist with general questions related to COVID-19. Pairwise or multiple comparisons as well as correlation and regression analyses were performed within the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The online survey involved 101 physicians (mean age 38.3 ± 9.8 years, 54.5 % — females). During the pandemic, 68.3 % of specialists worked in the red zone. It was demonstrated that the PB syndrome or its signs were observed 2 years after the start of the pandemic in 75 % of specialists — in 27 % it was formed, and in 48 % its signs were revealed. Decreased levels of the main QoL domains, physical, psychological and social well-being, were observed in 1/3 of physicians. About one third of specialists had borderline or increased levels of anxiety/depression. Working in the red zone during pandemic and elevated levels of depression increase the probability of PB, and a high level of social well-being decreases it. CONCLUSIONS: For the prevention of the PB development of screening examinations are recommended on the regular basis to reveal those specialists who are at high risk of PB. The results obtained may be used to develop evidence-based practical recommendations for the prevention of PB syndrome and psychosocial disorders in anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists.
Comment on the article of R.D. Komnov and A.A. Eremenko “Intellectual ventilation modes in Russian Federation: a short questionnaire survey”
Authors: Mazurok Vadim A.
Published: May 2023

Comment on the article of R.D. Komnov and A.A. Eremenko “Intellectual ventilation modes in Russian Federation: a short questionnaire survey”
Sonography indicators of diaphragm and their correlation with spirometry data in healthy individuals: a prospective study
Authors: Shabaev V. S. , Orazmagomedova I. V. , Mazurok Vadim A. , Berezina A. V. , Vasilyeva L. G. , Aleksandrova D. A.
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE: Revealing the correlation between sonography indicators of diaphragm performance and spirometry data of healthy persons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the Almazov National Medical Research Centre. The structural (thickness) and functional (thickening fraction and excursion of diaphragm) state of diaphragm of 50 healthy individuals (female — 30) was assessed with an ultrasound machine, and the spirometry characteristics of the external breathing apparatus were assessed with a ventilator. Afterwards the statistical and correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS: It was possible to assess the thickness of diaphragm on both sides and the diaphragm excursion on the right in all subjects, the diaphragm excursion on the left — only in 20 % of subjects. Spirometry has been performed in all subjects. The obtained data are consistent with the literature. In particular, sonography and spirometry indicators of the healthy individuals are within reference values. Inspiratory muscles strength has also proved to be consistent with the literature data. Correlation analysis has revealed no statistically significant relationship between the examined sonography and spirometry parameters. In addition, no relation between age and sonography indicators of diaphragm has been found. There are weak statistically significant relations revealed between the structural and functional state of diaphragm and such anthropometric characteristics of the subjects as body mass and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography indicators of diaphragm performance do not correlate or correlate poorly with spirometry data. There is no reason to use sonography of diaphragm in healthy individuals since it does not practically provide any additional information about the state of external respiratory apparatus.
Spaces of states of the two-dimensional $O(n)$ and Potts models
Authors: Jacobsen Jesper Lykke , Ribault Sylvain , Saleur Hubert
Published: May 2023

We determine the spaces of states of the two-dimensional O(n)O(n) and QQ-state Potts models with generic parameters n,Q\in \mathbb{C}n,Q∈ℂ as representations of their known symmetry algebras. While the relevant representations of the conformal algebra were recently worked out, it remained to determine the action of the global symmetry groups: the orthogonal group for the O(n)O(n) model, and the symmetric group S_QSQ for the QQ-state Potts model. We do this by two independent methods. First we compute the twisted torus partition functions of the models at criticality. The twist in question is the insertion of a group element along one cycle of the torus: this breaks modular invariance, but allows the partition function to have a unique decomposition into characters of irreducible representations of the global symmetry group. Our second method reduces the problem to determining branching rules of certain diagram algebras. For the O(n)O(n) model, we decompose representations of the Brauer algebra into representations of its unoriented Jones-Temperley-Lieb subalgebra. For the QQ-state Potts model, we decompose representations of the partition algebra into representations of the appropriate subalgebra. We find explicit expressions for these decompositions as sums over certain sets of diagrams, and over standard Young tableaux. We check that both methods agree in many cases. Moreover, our spaces of states are consistent with recent bootstrap results on four-point functions of the corresponding CFTs.
ARRHYTHMOGENIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR CARDIOMYOPATHYREVEALED BY AVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
Authors:   Service de Cardiologie B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc., Tabti Fatine , El Harrak Mariam ,   Service de Cardiologie B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc., Aboubakr Khaoula ,   Service de Cardiologie B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc., Baicha Amal ,   Service de Cardiologie B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc., El Hajjaj Belghit ,   Service de Cardiologie B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc., Ameur Asmaa ,   Service de Cardiologie B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc., Rhemmimet Chaimaa ,   Service de Cardiologie B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc., Touati Zakia ,   Service de Cardiologie B, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina, Rabat, Maroc.
Published: May 2023

La cardiomyopathie arythmogene du ventricule droit (CAVD) est une cardiomyopathie dorigine inconnue. Elle se caracterise histologiquement par un infiltrat graisseux ou fibro-graisseux surtout du ventricule droit. Elle peut etre associee a une atteinte ventriculaire gauche. Cest une maladie grave a lorigine de 20 % des morts subites de ladulte jeune par trouble du rythme ventriculaire.Nous rapportons le cas dun patient age de 52 ans admis dans notre service pour prise en charge dune tachycardie ventriculaire, revelant une cardiomyopathie arythmogene du VD avec une atteinte associee du VG. Le diagnostic a ete porte sur un faisceau darguments cliniques, electriques et morphologiques. Nous soulignons a travers ce cas linteret de la combinaison de lensemble de ces elements pour retenir ce diagnostic dont les implications therapeutiques sont lourdes notamment limplantation dun Defibrillateur automatique implantable (DAI). Aussi nous profitons de cette observation illustree, pour decrire les nouveaux criteres diagnostiques publies en 2020 revisant les criteres de Task Force en tenant compte de latteinte ventriculaire gauche et de la caracterisation tissulaire en IRM, mais ces criteres necessitent detre evalues en pratique clinique.
A CASE STUDY ON HYPOTHYROIDISM TREATED WITH AYURVEDIC DRUGS
Authors:   MD Scholar Third Year, Kayachikitsa, Rishikul Campus, UAU, Haridwar., Joshi Radha , Kumar Tripathi Sanjay ,   Professor Department of Kayachikitsa, Rishikul Campus, UAU, Haridwar., Singh OP ,   HOD KayachikitsaDepartment, Rishikul Campus, UAU, Haridwar.
Published: May 2023

Thyroid problems are among the most common endocrine disorders presently seen nowadays life. Womens are 2-10 times are more likely to develop this condition.In Ayurveda there is no correlation of hypothyroidism, but on basis of Ayurvedic principles, we can understand the pathology of hypothyroidism as the Agnimandya at systemic and cellular level which can be understood as decreased caloric expenditure (hypometabolism) in modern terminology.Kapha-Vatadoshavruddhiand Pitta Kshayaresults due to Agnimandya.1 The present study deals with a female patient of age 27 years who detected hypothyroidism inOctober 2022 and has complaint of Weight Gain, Constipation, Hair loss, Muscle Pain, Puffiness under eye, Cold Intolerance etc. the patient was put under Ayurvedictreatment with a drug KanchanaraTwakaKwathawith ShunthiChurnafor 3consecutive months, Thyroid profile was done after complete duration of treatment TSH level was suscessfully dropped from 16.21 ÂµIU/ml to 7.20 ÂµIU/ml with consecutive relieve of foresaid symptoms.
PULMONARY TUMOR REVEALED BY A SUSPICION OFSARS-COV-2 INFECTION
Authors:   Departement of Intensive Care and Anesthesia Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco., Erragh A. , Mazouz A. Zerhouni S. ,   Departement of Intensive Care and Anesthesia Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco., Fehdi M.A. ,   Departement of Intensive Care and Anesthesia Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco., Nsiri A. ,   Departement of Intensive Care and Anesthesia Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco., Alharrar R. ,   Departement of Intensive Care and Anesthesia Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
Published: May 2023

The novel Coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, responsible of the COVID-19 is now causing a pandemic. Detecting all possible cases and eliminating differential diagnoses in front of any acute respiratory distress has become a daily challenge for doctors around the world. We believe that non-COVID patients are the hidden victims of the actual health problematic.We report from this manuscript the case of a patient with Bronchopulmonary cancer that has been suspected as COVID-19.
ADENOMATOID TUMOR IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBE - A RARE CASE-INCIDENTAL FINDING
Authors: Naz Huma , Fatima Iraj , Ahmidat Adel
Published: May 2023

Adenomatoid tumours are less common benign neoplasm of mesothelial origin, which originates from the lining of organs. This tumour generally presents in both male and female genital tracts. [1-9]. In males, the tumour is usually foundin testis and epididymis while in females, the uterus and rarely fallopian tubes are the sites involved.Mostlty,thistumour is found incidentally.Grossly, adenomatoid tumors are usually smallin size (less than 2 cm) well-circumscribed, solitary masses that are tan, yellow, and solid [10].The histopathological examination revealed features of adenomatoid tumor supported by immunohistochemical stains positive for calretinin and cytokeratin and negative for CD34. These tumourshave a good prognosis upon surgical removal with no evidence of recurrence.We present a case where this rare tumour was found incidentally in the Salpingectomy specimen of a 39-year-old woman who underwent this procedure for permanent contraception as she requested the removal of tubes instead of blockage.
CORRELATION OF SERUM OSTEOCALCIN LEVEL WITH THE INDICES OF OBESITY AND LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE II DIABETIC SUDANESE PATIENTS
Authors:   Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia., Yousif Dawod Ogail , Mukherjee Mondal Monami ,   Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia., Babikir Elhussein Amar ,   Department of Biochemistry, Nile College for Medicine and Medical Science, Khartoum, Sudan., Alaaeldin Osman Asim ,   Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gadarif, Sudan., Abd Elrahim Ahmed Mohamed ,   Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, AlzaiemAlazhari University, Sudan., Mohamed Abdelrazig Ali ,   Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Published: May 2023

Objectives:Osteocalcin, an osteoblast-specific protein, has recently been reported to affect energy metabolism, this study aimed to assess the relationship between serum total osteocalcin and measurements of adiposity and lipid profile in type II diabetic Sudanese patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 115 people with type II diabetes (34 men, 81 women) aged 18 to 94 years were enrolled in the study. Total osteocalcin and insulin were measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were measured by a spectrophotometer. Results: Mean serum osteocalcin concentration in diabetic patients was significantly lower than those in control subjects (p â‰¤ 0.001). When the test was done between TOC and lipid profile, there was a moderate negative correlation between TOC and TCHOL. Which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). There was a moderate negative correlation between TOC and TG. Which was statistically non-significant (P = 0.057). There was a strong positive correlation between TOC and HDL. Which was statistically significant (P = 0.000). There was a weak positive correlation between TOC and LDL. That is statistically non-significant P = 0.105. Conclusion:Our findings showed a statistically highly significant negative correlation between TOC and fasting blood glucose concentration. Similarly, the correlation between FBG and ucOC, age, BMI, TCHOL, and HDL showed a negative correlation that was not significant.
POSTPARTUM OVARIAN VEIN THROMBOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Obstetrics and Gynecology Department Provincial Hospital of Azilal, Azilal, Morocco., El Mahfoudi Aziz , Akammar Amal ,   Radiology Department Provincial Hospital of Azilal, Azilal, Morocco.
Published: May 2023

Ovarian vein thrombosis is a rare pathology that occurs most often in the postpartum period. It usually manifests by a non-specific abdominal pain with or without fever. It can clinically resemble acute appendicitis if the pain is located in the right iliac fossa. We report the case of a 19-year-old female patient who presented with febrile inflammatory pain of the right iliac fossa at 48 hours postpartum of an eutocic delivery, in whom a computed tomography (CT) scan showed an extensive thrombosis of the right ovarian vein with a normal-looking appendix. The treatment was based on broad-spectrum antibiotics and anticoagulant therapy, with a good clinical and biological evolution.
Legal Protection of Personal Data Financial Technology Based Online Loans from The Consumer Protection Act
Authors: Noptabi Iim Saputra , Aprita Serlika , Wulandari Mona
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the legal protection of personal data financial technology (Fintech) based on online loans in terms of the Consumer Protection Act and what are the legal consequences of personal data violations by fintech companies based on online loans in terms of the Consumer Protection Act. The type of research used is normative legal research. The conclusion of this study is that the legal protection of consumer personal data has been regulated by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Circular and the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information concerning Confidentiality, Integrity and Security of Consumer Personal Data or Information and the Legal Consequences of Personal Data Violation, which is regulated in Article 47 of the Authority Regulation. Financial Services Number 77/POJK.01/2016 is an administrative sanction, then there is the Personal Data Protection Bill which regulates criminal sanctions. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum data pribadi financial technology berbasis pinjaman online ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen dan bagaimana akibat hukum pelanggaran data pribadi yang dilakukan perusahaan fintech berbasis pinjaman online ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Kesimpulan penelitian  ini adalah perlindungan hukum data pribadi konsumen telah diatur oleh Surat Edaran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika tentang Kerahasiaan, Keutuhan dan Keamanan Data atau Informasi Pribadi Konsumen dan Akibat Hukum Pelanggaran Data Pribadi yaitu diatur dalam Pasal 47 Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 adalah sanksi administratif, lalu terdapat Rancangan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi yang mengatur sanksi pidana.
Covid-19 Lockdown and The Plights of People Remanded in Security Detention Centres: A Socio Legal Analysis
Authors: Maigari Abdullahi Muhammad , Dauran Faruk Usman , Qadir Uthman Abdullahi Abdul-
Published: May 2023

The researchers analyzed from sociological and legal perspectives the COVID-19 lockdown and the plights of people remanded in security detention centers in Nigeria. The objective of the study is to identify the loopholes in the Constitution of the Federal Republic 1999 as amended and other relevant legal provisions in Nigeria. The study is an exploratory type of research whose goal is to explore the phenomenon under investigation. This research design is considered appropriate for this paper because the COVID-19 lockdown has explored the weaknesses of the extant legal provisions in Nigeria in a situation like the Lockdown. Data were from secondary sources and were subjected to content analysis. The result revealed that during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria, accused persons, awaiting trial persons and prisoners in different detention centers were detained beyond the legal requirements whereas there is no legal provision that clearly stated remedies.Tulisan ini mengkaji hak-hak orang yang ditahan oleh aparat keamanan atau dijebloskan ke dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan oleh Pengadilan sebelum lockdown COVID-19 dan menjalani masa karantina COVID-19 dalam tahanan. Para peneliti mengidentifikasi ketentuan hukum yang terkandung dalam Konstitusi Republik Federal Nigeria 1999 celah di dalamnya yang gagal membuat ketentuan untuk keadaan darurat seperti penguncian. Konsekuensi yang tidak diinginkan dari tindakan purposive oleh Robert Merton diadopsi sebagai penjelasan teoretis. Makalah ini mengadopsi desain penelitian eksplorasi untuk mengeksplorasi kekosongan dalam Hukum Nigeria di mana data bersumber dari sumber sekunder dalam teks terdokumentasi. Makalah ini menemukan bahwa semua Undang-undang dan Undang-undang di Nigeria tidak memiliki ketentuan tentang bagaimana memberi kompensasi kepada orang-orang yang mengalami masalah emosional, keuangan sosial, dan psikologis sebagai akibat dari waktu yang mereka habiskan di sel tahanan di luar waktu yang diharapkan karena penguncian.
Особенности удовлетворенности трудом персонала при различных стилях руководства
Authors: Ферапонтова М.В. , Шах О.А.
Published: May 2023

В статье рассматривается проблема особенности удовлетворенности трудом и стиля руководства. Удовлетворенность трудом персонала рассматривается как определяющий фактор в создании психического комфорта в коллективе и обеспечения высокой удовлетворенности трудом подчиненных.
The adsorption performance of aluminum onto powdered activated carbons: Effects of pH and carbon properties
Authors: Wang Kaiyun , Deng Jianmian , He Yitian , Wang Min , Shi Baoyou , Huang Xin
Published: May 2023

The effects of PAC properties on aluminum (Al) adsorption behavior have not been well understood. In this study, nine commercial powdered active carbons (PACs) with different physical and chemical properties were applied to adsorb Al at different initial pH (5.5, 6.5, 7.5, which were selected based on Al species). The results demonstrated that the Al adsorption by different PACs all followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic at pH 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5. Moreover, the Al adsorption capacity and rate under acidic conditions were much greater than those under pH 6.5 and 7.5. At pH 5.5, the Al adsorption was mainly due to the complexion and thus acidic and phenolic hydroxyl groups were correlated to Al adsorption performance. When pH was 6.5, Al adsorption by PAC was mainly due to the surface deposition, consequently, mesopore and total pore volume were critical properties. For pH 7.5, Al transformed to Al(OH)3 colloids around the acidic micro-area caused by the PAC surface oxygen groups and then deposited onto the PAC surface. Therefore, surface area as well as acidic and phenolic hydroxyl groups contributed to Al adsorption. Above all, this study could provide sufficient guidance for PAC selection in residual Al removal.
Vaporized Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol Inhalation in Female Sprague Dawley
Rats: A Pharmacokinetic and Behavioral Assessment
Authors: Penman Samantha L. , Berthold Erin C. , Mihalkovic Abrianna , Hammond Nikki , McCurdy Christopher R. , Blum Kenneth , Eiden Rina D. , Sharma Abhisheak , Thanos Panayotis K.
Published: May 2023

Background:

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis.
Historically, rodent studies examining the effects of THC have used intraperitoneal injection as the route of
administration, heavily focusing on male subjects. However, human cannabis use is often through inhalation
rather than injection.

Objective:

We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetic and phenotypic profile of acutely inhaled THC in
female rats, compared to intraperitoneal injection, to identify any differences in exposure of THC between
routes of administration.

Methods:

Adult female rats were administered THC via inhalation or intraperitoneal injection. Serum samples
from multiple time points were analyzed for THC and metabolites 11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
and 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem
mass spectrometry. Rats were similarly treated for locomotor activity analysis.

Results:

Rats treated with 2 mg/kg THC intraperitoneally reached a maximum serum THC concentration of
107.7 ± 21.9 ng/mL. Multiple THC inhalation doses were also examined (0.25 mL of 40 or 160 mg/mL THC),
achieving maximum concentrations of 43.3 ± 7.2 and 71.6 ± 22.5 ng/mL THC in serum, respectively. Significantly
reduced vertical locomotor activity was observed in the lower inhaled dose of THC and the intraperitoneal
injected THC dose compared to vehicle treatment.

Conclusion:

This study established a simple rodent model of inhaled THC, demonstrating the pharmacokinetic
and locomotor profile of acute THC inhalation, compared to an i.p. injected THC dose in female subjects. These
results will help support future inhalation THC rat research which is especially important when researching
behavior and neurochemical effects of inhaled THC as a model of human cannabis use.
LC-Q-TOF/MS-based Fragmentation Behavior Study and In vitro Metabolites Identification of Nine Benzodiazepines
Authors: Zhou Shuhan , Song Xiaoting , Fang Pengkai , Xu Jingyi , Liu Siqi , Zheng Tian , Wu Guoping , Wu Liang
Published: May 2023

Background:

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are compounds that contain one diazepine ring and two benzene rings, and are widely used to treat central nervous system diseases. However, drug abuse and BZDs' illegal addition may affect normal life and even lead to grave social harm. As BZDs may be metabolized and eliminated quickly, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify their metabolic profile.

Objective:

In this paper, LC-Q-TOF/MS-based fragmentation behavior has been investigated for nine benzodiazepine drugs available and widely used in clinical treatment (diazepam, nitrazepam, clonazepam, oxazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, estazolam, triazolam, and midazolam), and their metabolic profile has been studied by using in vitro human liver microsomal incubation.

Methods:

A regular human liver microsomal system was used to investigate the potential biotransformation of the nine benzodiazepines in vitro, and an LC-Q/TOF-MS was used to perform fragmentation behavior studies and metabolite identification.

Results:

As a result, characteristic fragmentation pathway and diagnostic fragment ions of the nine BZDs were analyzed, and 19 metabolites of the 9 benzodiazepines were found and identified, with glucuronidation and hydroxylation considered as their most important metabolic pathways.

Conclusion:

These experimental data add to our knowledge of the nine benzodiazepine drugs and their metabolism study, which could provide useful information and evidence of their in vivo metabolic profile prediction and help promote their monitoring in both clinical use and social/illegal abuse.
The Effects of Curcumin on Astrocytes in Common Neurodegenerative
Conditions
Authors: Alameri Ameer A. , Ghanni Muhammad Usman , Ali Arsalan , Singh Mandeep , Al-Gazally Moaed E. , Almulla Abbas F. , Alexis Ramírez-Coronel Andrés , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Gupta Reena , Obaid Rasha Fadhel , Gabr Gamal A. , Farhood Bagher
Published: May 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases are age-related, multifactorial, and complicated conditions
that affect the nervous system. In most cases, these diseases may begin with an accumulation of
misfolded proteins rather than decay before they develop clinical symptoms. The progression of
these diseases can be influenced by a number of internal and external factors, including oxidative
damage, neuro-inflammation, and the accumulation of misfolded amyloid proteins. Astrocytes, with
the highest abundance among the cells of the mammalian central nervous system, perform several
important activities, such as maintaining brain homeostasis and playing a role in the neurodegenerative
condition onset and progress. Therefore, these cells have been considered to be potential targets
for managing neurodegeneration. Curcumin, with multiple special properties, has been effectively
prescribed to manage various diseases. It has hepato-protective, anti-carcinogenic, cardio-protective,
thrombo-suppressive, anti-inflammatory, chemo-therapeutic, anti-arthritic, chemo-preventive, and
anti-oxidant activities. In the current review, the effects of curcumin on astrocytes in common neurodegenerative
conditions, such as Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple
sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease, are discussed. Hence, it can be concluded
that astrocytes play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, and curcumin is able to directly
modulate astrocyte activity in neurodegenerative diseases.
Transdermal Delivery of Methotrexate Loaded in Chitosan Nanoparticles
to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Al-Nemrawi Nusaiba , Wahsheh Yazan , Alzoubi Karem H.
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Methotrexate shows high efficiency in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis,
but its adverse effects cannot be tolerated by many patients. Additionally, Methotrexate suffers from
rapid clearance from blood. Polymeric nanoparticles were used to solve these problems including chitosan.

Methods:

Herein, a new nanoparticulate system to deliver Methotrexate (MTX) using chitosan nanoparticles
(CS NPs) was developed to be used transdermally. CS NPs were prepared and characterized. The
drug release was studied in vitro and ex vivo using rat skin. The drug performance in vivo was investigated
on rats. Formulations were applied topically once a day on the paws and knee joints of arthritis
rats for 6 weeks. Paw thickness was measured and synovial fluid samples were collected.

Results:

The results showed that CS NPs were monodispersed, and spherical with a size of 279.9 nm
and a charge above ± 30mV. Further, 88.02% of MTX was entrapped in the NPs. CS NPs prolonged
MTX release and enhanced its permeation (apparent permeability ⁓35.00cm/h) and retention (retention
capacity ⁓12.01%) through rats’ skin. The transdermal delivery of MTX-CS NPs improves the progress
of the disease compared to free MTX, as reflected by the lower arthritic index values, lower proinflammatory
cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and higher anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the synovial
fluid. Further, the oxidative stress activities were significantly higher in the group treated with the
MTX-CS NPs, as indicated by GSH. Finally, MTX-CS NPs were more effective in reducing lipid peroxidation
in synovial fluid.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, loading Methotrexate in chitosan nanoparticles controlled its release and
enhance its effectiveness against rheumatoid when applied dermally.
Isolation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M13-RW0 from Soil and Evaluation
of its Antifungal Activity
Authors: Naghdifar Shirin , Madani Mahboobeh , Shakib Pegah
Published: May 2023

Background:

The frequency of observed invasive Aspergillosis has increased in recent
years. Infection with other molds happens but does not lead to a large proportion of invasive infections.
The present study aims to isolate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M13-RW0 from soil and evaluate
its antifungal effects against some saprophytic fungi, such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and
Mucor hiemalis.

Materials and Methods:

In this research, a total of 150 samples (from the soil, air, and surfaces) were
prepared from different parts of Isfahan, Iran. Isolation and purification of growing bacteria were conducted
using the nutrient agar medium. The inhibitory effects of 100 isolated bacteria were evaluated
against the growth of A. niger, A. flavus, and M. hiemalis, 4 bacteria were isolated with inhibitory effects
against the selected fungi, and consequently, one of the bacteria isolated from the soil samples
was found to show the highest inhibition of fungal growth. Quantitative evaluation of the growth inhibitory
effect was performed using linear culturing of fungal suspension (104 spore/ml) at distances
of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30mm from bacterial isolate (0.5 McFarland) on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar
(SDA) medium. Results were checked 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours later. The bacterial isolate with the
most inhibitory effect was identified by phenotypic and molecular tests.

Results:

According to the results, among the 4 inhibitory bacterial isolates, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
strain M13-RW01, isolated from the soil samples, was identified as the bacterium with the most significant
potential antifungal activity. The strong inhibitory effect was revealed after 48 hours for all
distances of 15mm and more between the fungi and the bacterium.

Conclusion:

The identified bacterium could not only be considered an inhibitor bacterium against saprophytic
fungi but could also be put forward to help produce new antifungal drugs for controlling fungal
diseases.
A Scope of Chiral Cyclopropanations of Various α-functionalized Diazoketone
Derivatives with Styrene Catalyzed by p-Nitro Ru(II)-diphenyl-
Pheox Complex
Authors: Chi Le Thi Loan , Iwasa Seiji
Published: May 2023

Following the success of the first intermolecular cyclopropanations of diazo acetoxy acetone
with olefins using a novel p-nitro-Ru(II)-diphenyl-Pheox catalyst, other α-functionalized diazoketones
have synthesized using the same reaction conditions. Consequently, chiral cyclopropyl products
were formed with excellent yield (up to 87% yield), high diastereoselectivity (up to 99:1), and
high enantioselectivity (up to 90% ee).
Discovery of Natural Compounds as SARS-CoV-2’s Main Protease Inhibitors by Docking-based Virtual Screening
Authors: Wang Jing , Jiang Yu , Wu Yingnan , Ma Yuheng , Yu Hui , Wang Zhanli
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2). The development of antiviral drugs has enhaced
treatment of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is a key enzyme responsible for viral replication
and transcription. This study aimed to identify new natural structures for the design of SARS-CoV-2
Mpro inhibitors.

Methods:

In this present work, The CDOCKER protocol and scoring functions were validated. The validated
docking-based virtual screening approach was then employed to search the in-house database of
natural compounds for potential lead compounds as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. The top 3 compounds
were further biologically evaluated in vitro.

Results and Discussion:

Docking studies of the known ligand GC-376 led to results consistent with cocrystallized
data (PDB ID: 7D1M). Additionally, the effectiveness of docking scoring functions was validated
by using the training set consisting of 15 active compounds and 15 inactive compounds. Then, the
in-house database of natural compounds (overall 34,439 natural compounds) was subjected to dockingbased
virtual screening resulting in the identification of the top 100 compounds having relatively better
docking scores. Among them, the highest ranking 3 compounds (W-1, W-2, and W-3) were biologically
evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, and compound W-1 was identified
as the most potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor with an IC50 value of 63 ± 3 μM. Interestingly, it appeared
that the in vitro activities of compounds W-1, W-2, and W-3 were in agreement with their molecular
modeling data.

Conclusion:

Our results provided a useful reference for the discovery of novel natural SARS-CoV-2 Mpro
inhibitors by virtual screening.
Quercetin: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Sharma Pramod Kumar
Published: May 2023

Quercetin is a plant pigment found in many fruits, vegetables, beverages, and other parts
of plants, such as leaves, flowers, bark, stems, and roots. The rich sources of quercetin are the dock,
watercress, sweet potato, onion, grapes, berries, cherries, and broccoli. Quercetin exhibits various
pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Several
studies have reported quercetin as a potential anticancer compound. This review article provides
information on the role of quercetin in many types of cancer, such as breast cancer, colon cancer,
liver cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer, bone cancer, blood cancer,
brain cancer, cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, skin cancer, eye cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian
cancer, kidney cancer, and mesothelioma cancer. The present review emphasizes the anticancer
activity of quercetin via different mechanisms, such as induced apoptosis, inhibition of tumor progression,
cancer cell cycle arrest via different pathways, decreased proliferation, modification of the
tumor microenvironment, etc.
Redefining the Roles of Aspirin across the Spectrum of Cardiovascular
Disease Prevention
Authors: Brown Matthew T. , Bortfeld Kristina S. , Sperling Laurence S. , Wenger Nanette K.
Published: May 2023

Even before its role in platelet inhibition was fully characterized in the 1980s, aspirin
had been incorporated into the cardiovascular disease care algorithm. Early trials examining its use in
unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction revealed evidence of its protective role in the secondary
prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Large trials assessing use in the
primary prevention setting and optimal dosing regimens were studied in the late 1990s and early
2000s. As a cornerstone of cardiovascular care, aspirin was incorporated into primary and secondary
ASCVD prevention guidelines in the United States and mechanical heart valve guidelines. However,
in recent years, with significant advances in medical and interventional ASCVD therapies, scrutiny
has been placed on the bleeding profile of aspirin, and guidelines have adapted to new evidence. Updates
in primary prevention guidelines reserve aspirin only for patients at higher ASCVD risk and low
bleeding risk - though questions remain in ASCVD risk assessment as risk-enhancing factors have
proven difficult to incorporate on a population level. New thoughts regarding aspirin use in secondary
prevention - especially with the concomitant use of anticoagulants - have altered recommendations as
additional data accrued. Finally, a recommendation for aspirin and vitamin K antagonists with mechanical
heart valves has been modified. Despite aspirin losing a foothold in cardiovascular care, new
evidence has strengthened claims for its use in women at high risk for preeclampsia.
Potential Synergistic Effect of F.carica Against P. aeruginosa Intended for
the Management of Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Zaidi Kamal Uddin , Shah Fatema , Khan Firoz Naem
Published: May 2023

Background:

Multi-drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa comprises the most vital
obstacles in the antibacterial fight worldwide. The innovation of novel and effective antibacterial
and/or resistance modulators is crucial to variance the extent of resistance or to reverse multidrug resistance.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of the F.carica against the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with nosocomial infection.

Methods:

We studied different extracts of F.carica in methanol, benzene and water with antibiotics
and their synergistic effect against P. aeruginosa using minimum inhibitory concentration and fraction
inhibitory concentration index.

Results:

Our results revealed that the methanol extract of leaves possessed maximum phyto
constituents and were active against P. aeruginosa. Methanol extracts of leaves alone and in combination with antibiotics showed a higher zone of inhibition and were synergistic <0.5) compared to other
extracts. Moreover, the combination of ofloxacin with all solvent extracts enhanced the synergistic antibacterial activity with respect to other antibiotics used.

Conclusion:

We explored the synergistic effects of F. carica methanol extracts alone and with antibiotics was the most potential against P. aeruginosa.
Formulation, Optimization, and In vitro Characterization of Cilnidipineloaded
Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System
Authors: Kadian Renu , Nanda Arun
Published: May 2023

Aim:

The goal of this research was to formulate and optimize a cost-effective self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) of cilnidipine to increase its dissolution rate. Cilni-dipine is a BCS class II active pharmaceutical ingredient, which limits its use.

Methods:

Cilnidipine's solubility in various oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants, has been investigat-ed. To determine if there is any interaction between cilnidipine and certain excipients, drug compat-ibility tests were carried out. Based on phase solubility and compatibility studies, two combinations (Canola oil, Tween 80, and PEG 300; Peanut oil, Cremophor EL, and PEG 200) were prepared to create ternary phase diagrams for selecting the best combination with higher microemulsion region and to identify the range of concentration of excipients. Cilnidipine-loaded-SEDDS formulation was prepared by incorporating Canola oil, Tween 80, and PEG 300. For achieving the best formula-tion, D-optimal mixture design was used. The optimized SEDDS formulation was evaluated for globule size, zeta potential, drug release, drug content, self-emulsification time, and stability stud-ies.

Results:

The zeta potential (Y1) and globule size (Y2) of the optimized SEDDS formulation were found to be -36mV and 124.3nm, respectively. The optimized SEDDS formulation showed more than 98% drug release within 15 min in 10% ethanolic 0.1N HCl media, which was significantly higher than that of the pure drug (7.5%) and marketed tablet (~21%). The optimized formulation's self-emulsification time, drug content, and cloud point were 55s, 99.97 ± 1.57 %, and 75.6℃, re-spectively. After stability studies, there was no evidence of phase separation, colour change, and change in globule size.

Conclusion::

A significant improvement in in vitro drug release was observed from cilnidipine-loaded-SEDDS.
Futuristic Approach to Cholesterol Detection by Utilizing Non-invasive
Techniques
Authors: Sadasivuni Kishor Kumar , Geetha Mithra , Al-Maadeed Somaya , G.A. Muthalif Asan , M.S Sajna , Shabil Sha Mizaj
Published: May 2023

Regular blood cholesterol control is an integral part of healthcare for detecting cardio-vascular issues immediately. Existing procedures are mostly intrusive and necessitate the collection of blood samples. Furthermore, because of the danger of infection, bruising, and/or haematoma, this measurement method may not be appropriate for continuous or regular examinations. As a result, an alternate option is required, which is known as the noninvasive (NI) approach that does not necessi-tate the collection of blood samples. Because NI approaches give painless and precise answers, they can be used in place of intrusive procedures. This review article includes a comprehensive investi-gation on NI methodologies and various NI approaches for detecting cholesterol in the bloodstream. It is important to note that medical system possibilities are changing due to the algorithms for NI techniques, which ultimately project the need for patient monitoring via the internet of medical things (IoMT) and artificial intelligence (AI).
Hot Melt Extrusion: A Paradigm–Changing Technology
Authors: Bhamare Vaibhav G. , Kamble Ravindra K.
Published: May 2023

Over the last few decades, hot melt extrusion (HME) has found extensive adaptability and
utility as a viable drug delivery option in the pharmaceutical industry. HME has already been validated
as a robust, novel technique mainly used for the correction of solubility and bioavailability of poorly
soluble drugs. In line with the scope of the current issue, this review appraises the value of HME as
a means of solubility enhancement of BCS class II drugs and presents an influential tool for the manufacturing
or production of drugs or chemicals. The drug development process can be shortened with
the use of hot melt extrusion technology, and the application of this process to analytical technology
can ease the manufacturing process. This review focuses on the tooling, utility, and manufacturing aspects
associated with hot melt extrusion technology.
War Profiteering and Armed Conflicts: Examining Applicable Aspects of International Law
Authors: Adegbite Olusola Babatunde
Published: May 2023

The proliferation of armed conflicts is perhaps the biggest challenge of the 21st Century international system. These conflicts have become a monumental lucrative industry, where parties external to the fighting, i.e., third parties, smile to the bank, from proceeds made on major deals in defence contracts and arms sales. In the process, they leave behind a trail of civilian fatalities. Notwithstanding the extensive literature on armed conflicts, the scholarly focus on the accountability framework related to war profiteering remains limited. This article examines the applicability of certain aspects of international law, in particular, human rights and humanitarian law, to war profiteering and highlights the fact that the current framework doesn’t sufficiently deal with the problem. It submits that the danger that war profiteering poses to world peace and security is one that must be taken seriously. In the absence of clear guidance under these regimes of international law, the article stresses the need to address the problem in a manner that responds adequately, especially with respect to determining a specific accountability framework.