bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes with respect to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Bjelková Marie , Nôžková Janka , Fatrcová-Šramková Katarína , Tejklová Eva
Published: June 2012

The aim of our work was to characterize linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes divided into groups with high and low content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Out of 32 linseed genotypes, 68.75 % represented high alpha-linolenic genotypes and 31.25 % were genotypes with low ALA content. Proportional representation of fatty acids was realized according to the norm (Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, 1994). Oil content was analyzed according to the internal methodology of Agritec Ltd., based on the norm (Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing, 2011). The content of total fat ranged from 36.22 % to 46.35 %, that of ALA from 1.10 % to 65.20 %, and that of linoleic acid (LA) from 11.10 % to 75.00 % in the analyzed seed samples within all groups. The genotypes were divided also according to the seed color and a linear correlation between all three parameters within these groups was observed. Negative linear dependence was confirmed between parameters; ALA and LA content in the groups: high ALA brown seed (p < 0.0001; correlation coefficient (r) = −0.70), and high ALA yellow seed (p < 0.001; r = −0.36). Also, positive linear dependence between the total fat and the LA content in the groups: low ALA brown seed (p < 0.001; r = 0.34); low ALA yellow seed (p < 0.0001; r = 0.62), was found.
Rheological properties of functionalised thermosensitive copolymers for injectable applications in medicine
Authors: Chamradová Ivana , Vojtová Lucy , Michlovská Lenka , Poláček Petr , Jančář Josef
Published: June 2012

Functionalised triblock copolymers based on poly((lactic acid)-co-(glycolic acid)) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) further modified with 3-methylenetetrahydrofuran-2,5-dione (itaconic anhydride; ITA) exhibited sol-gel transition induced by increasing temperature. Rheological properties of a series of ITA/PLGA-PEG-PLGA/ITA copolymer concentrations (6–24 mass %) in deionised Milli-Q water were studied by both the test tube inverting method (TTIM) and rheometer. The gel stiffness increased with the polymer concentration shifting the gel point of the copolymer to the lower temperature. The present study demonstrates that each method describes a sol-gel transition, but the combined method gives comprehensive information about changes in colour, viscosity, elastic and loss moduli. Characterisation of such a gel is necessary for its further use, in order to determine whether the material is appropriate as an injectable biomedical hydrogel.
Web Technology in Health Information System
Authors: Babić Rade , Milošević Zoran , Babić Gordana
Published: June 2012

Web Technology in Health Information System

The paper gives a concise review of the implementation of the web-based systems in teleradiology, radiological information system, hospital information system and in other modern medical information systems. The paper presents PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) and DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) that have been domesticated in the vocabulary of radiological terminology and beyond. It points to the basic characteristics and objectives of PACS systems and DICOM standards, accentuating the needs for appliance of methods for digital signal processing and machine intelligence. It is concluded that assotiated medicine and information technologies lead to the progress of the mankind.
Crops and Culture: Dispersal of African Millets to the Indian Subcontinent and its Cultural Consequences
Authors: Haaland Randi
Published: June 2012

In this paper I will discuss the spread of African crops to the Indian subcontinent. The spread was probably related to the Indus civilizations trading network in the Indian Ocean during the late 3rd millennium BC. It was at this time African food plants, the so-called big millets were dispersed across the African savannah to the horn of Africa and further to the Indian sub-continent. The big millets were cultivated as monsoon summer crops complementing the existing barley/wheat winter crops. The African pot/porridge cuisine was added to wheat/barley oven/bread cuisine. Recent study in Nepal shows that the African crops are cultivated today on marginal agricultural land in the foothills of Himalaya. We will look at Nepal as an example of the production and consumption of African big millets. The crops are processed into porridge and beer, and this cuisine is a food tradition similar to the pot and porridge cuisine we find in sub-Saharan Africa.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6354 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 1-30
The Art of Survival: Policy Choices for Nepal
Authors: Dahal Dev Raj
Published: June 2012

The tendency to change foreign policy tilt with every change in government has posed difficulty for Nepal to maintain internal cohesion and external adaptation. Now the nation is suffering from ceaseless spasms of political instability because many of its state-bearing institutions are broken and new are not yet invented to glue the nation’s diverse society and get viable traction to balance neighborhood geopolitics and become relevant to international community. In this context, Nepal now needs a regime that fosters centripetal tendencies of domestic forces for a cohesive and coherent foreign and security policy strategy to survive and prosper in a world dominated by protagonist giants and devise material, institutional and symbolic bases of the nation to scramble safe future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6355 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 31-48
Locating Academic NGOs in the Knowledge Production Landscape
Authors: Onta Pratyoush
Published: June 2012

Academic non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are already one of the most important institutional sites of knowledge production in the countries of the global South. This article defines academic NGOs as those NGOs which produce not only documentation but also academically engaging articles, reports, edited volumes, bibliographies, journals and monographs. It argues that their growth in the recent decades has taken place amidst the mammoth growth in the number of NGOs in general for structural and personal reasons. A case study from Nepal is provided to illustrate, both at the level of procedures and at the level of outcomes, the kinds of contributions academic NGOs have made to the knowledge enterprise. The article ends by suggesting that the links between editorial control over what academic NGOs produce and the funding they receive are more complex than is usually assumed, and that the issue of their accountability needs to be rendered in a multiple-constituency model similar to that at work in conventional universities.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6356 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 49-80
Reflections on the Cultural Background to China's Reaction to the Nobel Prize Award
Authors: Haaland Gunnar
Published: June 2012

This paper deals with some complex and controversial issues that arose in connection with the 2010 Nobel Prize Peace award to the Chinese dissident Liu Xiao Bo. These issues involve different levels. On one level it is important not to confuse the Nobel committee’s independence of outside interference from political and other organized agencies, with the question of whether the Nobel Prize committee’s decisions can be ideological or politically unbiased in its decisions. Part of the strong Chinese reaction to the award is related to this issue. Another level deals with the Committee’s widening of the criteria to be taken into account in the selection of candidates from the original criterion focused on direct contribution to reduction of armed conflicts, to the wider issues of indirect contributions like alleviation of poverty, ecological sustainability and most crucial the issue of human rights. The last issue is particularly critical since different states have different perspectives of what constitute human rights, and what rights should be given priority on different levels of the country’s development. The main point of the article is to look at historical events and socio-cultural conditions that shape the Chine Government’s (and many citizens’) reaction to the 2010 award. This is placed in the context of the widening income differences emerging in the modern political economy of China and how these may affect the growth of civil society. The critical question is: will the reward contribute to promotion of civil society or will it lead to increased crackdown on dissident voices. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6357 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 81-100
Perceptions of Febrile Illness among Local People Living in Malaria Endemic villages in Central Hill Region of Nepal
Authors: Budhathoki C B
Published: June 2012

Objective of this paper is to explore the perceptions of febrile illness among people living in malaria endemic areas of hill region. Qualitative data were collected from malaria endemic villages in Mahadevesthan VDC of Kavrepalanchok district through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Local people perceive febrile illnesses as common health problem. They classified febrile illnesses into sardi ko jwaro, dokh, lagu/laganiko jwaro and aulo jwaro. Fever occurring after engaging in heavy physical work is described as dagdi. Severe and complicated form of fever is interpreted as dokh in cultural meaning and typhoid as biomedical concept. Febrile illness which does not respond to biomedicine, but it is relieved by traditional ritual healing is labeled as lagani ko jwaro. Malaria fever is locally known as aul or aulo jwaro. People often avoid certain food such as sour curd, meat, egg, oily and spicy food during fever to prevent it from resulting in dokh (complicated fever). Herbal home remedy is rarely used in febrile illness. Now a day, local people interpret dokh as typhoid and aulo as malaria fever and seek medical treatment from local health institutions and private practitioners. Local perceptions of febrile illnesses such as dokh and aulo overlap with the biomedical concepts of typhoid and malaria fever due to interaction with both traditional healers and health care providers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6359 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 121-42
British Gurkha Recruitment and Higher Education of Gurung Young Men
Authors: Gurung Shibaji
Published: June 2012

The Gurungs have historical attachment with British Gurkha recruitment and some special social values about it have been developed. So, lahure practice has been developed as a culture among them. This research has tried to analyze the impact of British Gurkha recruitment on the higher education of Gurung young men. The social value of being a lahure and an educated professional in the Gurung community is a major discourse of the study. The study is based on the field work carried out in Pokhara Sub-metropolis. It is basically qualitative in nature and interview was adopted as the main tool to collect the necessary information. Being a lahure is a matter of great craze among the Gurung youths. The socio-cultural circumstances also encourage them to try for recruitment. There is high social value of being a lahure in the Gurung community in contrast with getting higher education. The educational attainment of the Gurung youths is inter-related with these social values. It has an adverse effect on the educational status of the Gurung youths. The educational achievement of the Gurung community would have been far better if the community was not dominated by the pro-lahure culture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6361Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 143-70
Eyewitness Accounts on Climate Variability and the Responses: Perspectives from Farmers
Authors: Poudel Jiban Mani
Published: June 2012

People with different socio-cultural arrangements havedifferent experiences and responses to climatic variability. The place specific experiences and responses at community level still remain a little explored issue in the discourse of climate change research. This paper deals with local experiences of climatic variability which have been monitoring by locals in their lifetime, on the one hand, and, on the other, explore their responses or coping mechanisms which they have been practicing to mitigate with climatic risks. Moreover, farmers’ experiences were documented in term of observed climatic variability in their lifetime focusing on qualitative data. I have used eyewitness accounts and hearsays to document their experiences of climatic variability. Moreover, farmers have developed various coping mechanisms such as indigenous knowledge, utilize kinship based social network, environment friendly cropping practices, and use of alternative sources of water (water-tanker, well-water) for irrigation, arrange rain-making ritual to cope with climatic uncertainty in their lifetime.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6362Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 171-90
Construction of Identity in Globalized Milieu: A New Paradigm
Authors: Sharma Manju
Published: June 2012

In anthropological perspective, identity is taken from the two opposite angles; uniqueness and sameness. Uniqueness keeps the properties, which make a person distinct from the others. Sameness keeps the qualities that a person is associated with others, with groups or categories on the basis of some salient common features. This article analyzes how individual or group identity is created, reshaped and molded after physical mobility of the people, what plays roles in creating identity, what values for that, and how it can be institutionalized. The paper concludes that immigrants’ identity is constructed through the interaction among the rapidly increasing global inflows of knowledge; their own previous worldviews; the new social cultural patterns of host country; norms and values of other surrounding immigrants, and the perception of external pressure. In the process of cultural mixing, there is possibility of cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenization. Similar worldviews make the people nearer to each other which broaden the circle of ‘us’ and hence can lead toward homogenization of culture. On the other hand, dissimilarities in worldviews increase the level of ‘them’ therefore leads towards heterogenization.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6363 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 191-204
Patients’ and Caretakers’ Satisfaction at Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Sushma , Bhandari Ram Prasad
Published: June 2012

Curative services are highly demanded component of health service. Besides competence in technical aspects; behavior of health care providers, availability of consumer friendly environment and the trusting relationship with the physician along with open two way communication between health care provider and consumer determines the consumers’ perception about the quality of service that further determines whether they seek and continue to use services. This study was conducted with the objective of finding out consumers’ satisfaction with the services of Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara and the findings can be helpful in designing interventions accordingly. A client-exit interview was conducted which included 146 respondents representing both old and new OPD cases of the hospital. Two Focus Group Discussions were also conducted. Results obtained showed that service of hospital were of good satisfaction to more than half of the respondents. Drug availability and cheap cost of service were strong aspects of hospital. More than half of the respondents had visited private medicals before coming to hospital. Poor place of examination, poor hospital sanitation, long waiting time for doctor and service of staffs other than doctor were some of the aspects that consumers were poorly satisfied with. Fifty four out of 115 (47%) who had spent less than 5 minutes with the doctor, had good satisfaction with doctors’ service. Hence, consumers’ satisfaction is influenced by the factors like behavior of attending physician and other hospital staffs, place of examination, waiting time for doctor, hospital sanitation etc.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6364 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 205-16
Political Anthropology and Anthropology of Politics: An Overview
Authors: Dhakal Suresh
Published: June 2012

In this short review, I have tried to sketch an overview of historical development of political anthropology and its recent trends. I was enthused to prepare this review article as there does not exist any of such simplified introduction of one of the prominent sub-fields in cultural anthropology for the Nepalis readers, in particular. I believe this particular sub-field has to offer much to understand and explain the recent trends and current turmoil of the political transition in the country. Political anthropologists than any other could better explain how the politics is socially and culturally embedded and intertwined, therefore, separation of the two – politics from social and cultural processes – is not only impossible but methodologically wrong, too. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6365 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 217-34
Kulpuja: A Ritual and Behavior of Magar
Authors: Sapkota Prakash Prasad
Published: June 2012

Human beings take themselves superior for having the capacity of development of culture to their environment for survival. From the beginning of civilization, people prepared, accumulated the knowledge and preserved it as a form of culture. Culture is the body of thought and knowledge both theoretical and practical, which only man can possess. It is the sum total of achievements which develops traits by traits. Among them kulpuja ritual is one of the central traits. In this paper, I explore why rituals like kulpuja are celebrated and what relation they have with the behavior of the indigenous people—the Magars of Langaun of Baglung district, western Nepal. The research was carried out by using descriptive and explanatory research design. Participant observation, group discussion and key informant interview were carried out to collect the primary data. The Magars are rich in their ritual activities; among them kulpuja is the most important one. Like other castes and many ethnic groups of the world, the Magars of Langaun also sacrifice and offer chicken and black pig’s heart for their ancestral god. They believe on supreme power which is able for the termination of the evil eyes as well as other obstacles and illness by the happiness of their ancestral god. The offering of a live heart is a unique feature which is carried out emotionally. The rate of generation gap is clearly seen between the members of Magars. The elders are worried about the increasing rate of dependency in their offspring and feel how the children are able to survive within their environment. The importance of this ritual bind among the members of the community is deteriorating continuously in the name of modernization in younger members of the community.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6366 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 235-46
Understanding the Chepangs and Shifting Cultivation: A Case Study from Rural Village of Central Nepal
Authors: Sharma Dhruba Prasad
Published: June 2012

This article attempts to seek the understanding and perception of Chepang on the practices of khoriya cultivation. It tries to explain the relationship of Chepang people to their traditional khoriya land by assessing the socio-cultural and economic importance in their life. Chepang’s indigenousness is closely connected to khoriya cultivation and the land is their ethnic and indigenous identity. The practices of shifting cultivation have to be understood holistically within the domain of social and cultural analysis. However, their relationship to their khoriya land and the agricultural practice cannot be understood only in measurable indicators and specific manners. For Chepang, shifting cultivation is a good ecological adaptation to their surrounding environmental settings based on indigenous knowledge and skills developed in the particular geographical setting on basis of trial and error. To understand culture, history and everyday life of the Chepang, knowing all about their traditional agricultural practice i.e. shifting cultivation is very significant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6367 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 247-62
Book Review: Fisher, W. F. (2001). Fluid Boundaries: Forming and Transforming Identity in Nepal. Columbia University Press. USA
Authors: Acharya Pradeep
Published: June 2012

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6370 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 273-6
Book Review: Caplan, A. Patricia (1972 ). Priests and Cobblers: A Study of Social Change in a Hindu Village in Western Nepal. San Francisco: Chandler publishing company.
Authors: Adhikari Bishow Bandhu
Published: June 2012

No abstract available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6372 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 277-80
The Effects of Combined Training of Web-Based Problem-Based Learning and Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Tsai Chia-Wen , Shen Pei-Di , Lee Tsang-Hsiung
Published: June 2012

This study explored, via quasi-experiments, the effects of the combined training in web-based problem-based learning (PBL) and self-regulated learning (SRL) on low achieving students’ skill development. Two classes of 76 undergraduates in a one-semester course titled ‘Web Page Programming and Website Planning’ were chosen for this study. Results were generally positive, showing enhanced skills of website planning and higher levels of involvement. This study provided an illustration of a promising course design and its associated implementations in the specific context of low achieving students, for which there is lack of research in the current literature.
IFN-β Expression Is Directly Activated in Human Neutrophils Transfected with Plasmid DNA and Is Further Increased via TLR-4–Mediated Signaling
Authors: Tamassia Nicola , Bazzoni Flavia , Le Moigne Vincent , Calzetti Federica , Masala Caterina , Grisendi Giulia , Bussmeyer Uta , Scutera Sara , De Gironcoli Marzia , Costantini Claudio , Musso Tiziana , Cassatella Marco A.
Published: June 2012

Upon LPS binding, TLR4 activates a MyD88-dependent pathway leading to the transcriptional activation of proinflammatory genes, as well as a MyD88-independent/TRIF-dependent pathway, responsible for the transcriptional induction of IFN-β. Previous findings delineated that human neutrophils are unable to induce the transcription of IFN-β in response to TLR4 stimulation. Because neutrophils do not express protein kinase C ε, a molecule recently reported as essential for initiating the MyD88-independent/TRIF-dependent pathway, we optimized an electroporation method to transfect PKCε into neutrophils with very high efficiency. By doing so, a significant IFN-β mRNA expression was induced, in the absence of LPS stimulation, not only in PKCε-overexpressing neutrophils but also in cells transfected with a series of empty DNA plasmids; however, LPS further upregulated the IFN-β transcript levels in plasmid-transfected neutrophils, regardless of PKCε overexpression. Phosphoimmunoblotting studies, as well as chromatin immunoprecipitation assays targeting the IFN-β promoter, revealed that IFN-β mRNA induction occurred through the cooperative action of IRF3, activated by transfected DNA, and NF-κB, activated by LPS. Additional immunoblotting and coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that neutrophils constitutively express various cytosolic DNA sensors, including IFN-inducible protein 16, leucine-rich repeat (in Flightless I) interacting protein-1, and DDX41, as well as that IFN-inducible protein 16 is the intracellular receptor recognizing transfected DNA. Consistently, infection of neutrophils with intracellular pathogens, such as Bartonella henselae, Listeria monocytogenes, Legionella pneumophila, or adenovirus type 5, promoted a marked induction of IFN-β mRNA expression. Taken together, these data raise questions about the role of PKCε in driving the MyD88-independent/TRIF-dependent response and indicate that human neutrophils are able to recognize and respond to microbial cytosolic DNA.
Comprehensive Analysis of NKG2D Ligand Expression and Release in Leukemia: Implications for NKG2D-Mediated NK Cell Responses
Authors: Hilpert Julia , Grosse-Hovest Ludger , Grünebach Frank , Buechele Corina , Nuebling Tina , Raum Tobias , Steinle Alexander , Salih Helmut Rainer
Published: June 2012

Ligands of the prototypical activating NK receptor NKG2D render cancer cells susceptible to NK cell-mediated cytolysis if expressed at sufficiently high levels. However, malignant cells employ mechanisms to evade NKG2D-mediated immunosurveillance, such as NKG2D ligand (NKG2DL) shedding resulting in reduced surface expression levels. In addition, systemic downregulation of NKG2D on NK cells of cancer patients has been observed in many studies and was attributed to soluble NKG2DL (sNKG2DL), although there also are conflicting data. Likewise, relevant expression of NKG2DL in leukemia has been reported by some, but not all studies. Hence, we comprehensively studied expression, release, and function of the NKG2D ligands MHC class I chain-related molecules A and B and UL16-binding proteins 1–3 in 205 leukemia patients. Leukemia cells of most patients (75%) expressed at least one NKG2DL at the surface, and all investigated patient sera contained elevated sNKG2DL levels. Besides correlating NKG2DL levels with clinical data and outcome, we demonstrate that sNKG2DL in patient sera reduce NKG2D expression on NK cells, resulting in impaired antileukemia reactivity, which also critically depends on number and levels of surface-expressed NKG2DL. Together, we provide comprehensive data on the relevance of NKG2D/NKG2DL expression, release, and function for NK reactivity in leukemia, which exemplifies the mechanisms underlying NKG2D-mediated tumor immunosurveillance and escape.
Antigen-Driven Induction of Polyreactive IgM during Intracellular Bacterial Infection
Authors: Jones Derek D. , DeIulio Gregory A. , Winslow Gary M.
Published: June 2012

Polyreactivity is well known as a property of natural IgM produced by B-1 cells. We demonstrate that polyreactive IgM is also generated during infection of mice with Ehrlichia muris, a tick-borne intracellular bacterial pathogen. The polyreactive IgM bound self and foreign Ags, including single-stranded and double-stranded DNA, insulin, thyroglobulin, LPS, influenza virus, and Borrelia burgdorferi. Production of polyreactive IgM during infection was Ag driven, not due to polyclonal B cell activation, as the majority of polyreactive IgM recognized ehrlichial Ag(s), including an immunodominant outer membrane protein. Monoclonal polyreactive IgM derived from T cell-independent spleen plasmablasts, which was germline-encoded, also bound cytoplasmic and nuclear Ags in HEp-2 cells. Polyreactive IgM protected immunocompromised mice against lethal bacterial challenge infection. Serum from human ehrlichiosis patients also contained polyreactive and self-reactive IgM. We propose that polyreactivity increases IgM efficacy during infection but may also exacerbate or mollify the response to foreign and self Ags.
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Caused by a Gain-of-Function Mutation in the STAT1 DNA-Binding Domain
Authors: Takezaki Shunichiro , Yamada Masafumi , Kato Masahiko , Park Myoung-ja , Maruyama Kenichi , Yamazaki Yasuhiro , Chida Natsuko , Ohara Osamu , Kobayashi Ichiro , Ariga Tadashi
Published: June 2012

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency diseases characterized by chronic and recurrent Candida infections of the skin, nails, and oropharynx. Gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 were very recently shown to be responsible for autosomal-dominant or sporadic cases of CMC. The reported mutations have been exclusively localized in the coiled-coil domain, resulting in impaired dephosphorylation of STAT1. However, recent crystallographic analysis and direct mutagenesis experiments indicate that mutations affecting the DNA-binding domain of STAT1 could also lead to persistent phosphorylation of STAT1. To our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that a DNA-binding domain mutation of c.1153C>T in exon 14 (p.T385M) is the genetic cause of sporadic CMC in two unrelated Japanese patients. The underlying mechanisms involve a gain of STAT1 function due to impaired dephosphorylation as observed in the coiled-coil domain mutations.
Curing Depth of Light-activated Nanofiller containing Resin Composites
Authors: Finger Werner J , Kanehira Masafumi , Araki Yasuyuki , Wada Takehiko , Utterodt Andreas , Komatsu Masashi
Published: June 2012

Objective

To compare the depth of cure of nanofiller containing with conventional resin composites.

Materials and methods

Five nanofilled and nanohybrid composites were investigated and compared with a microfilled and a microhybrid reference, using the ISO 4049 scraping test, Knoop hardness (KHN) and DC profiling. Specimens from all materials (shade A3) were activated with the same LED light source for 20s. KHN (0.25N/15s) of three specimens each, produced in split molds was measured after 24 hours dark storage on sections perpendicular to the irradiated surface at 250 µm distance along the center line and two parallel lines, 0.5 mm apart, to a depth of 3 mm. Mean KHNs of the three neighboring indentations at each level were calculated. Degree of conversion (DC) was determined on specimens as mentioned above using micro-Raman spectroscopy at 125 µm distance with three measurements at each depth level.

Results

The depth of cure of all materials was >2 mm when determined according to the ISO test. KHN and DC data followed second order polynomial regression lines (r2 > 0.70; p < 0.001). At 2 mm depth, the KHN of six resin composites was ≤80% of the top KHN whereas the DC of all materials was ≥86% of the maximum DC at the irradiated surface.

Conclusion

The ISO scraping test overemphasizes the attainable depth of cure, when compared with 80% of top KHN as arbitrarily defined curing depth. KHNs reflect the crosslink density of the polymer, whereas DC additionally includes double bond conversions not contributing to enhancement of mechanical characteristics.

How to cite this article

Kanehira M, Araki Y, Finger WJ, Wada T, Utterodt A, Komatsu M. Curing Depth of Light-activated Nanofiller containing Resin Composites. World J Dent 2012;3(2): 119-125.
Effect of Glass Fiber Length on Flexural Strength of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin
Authors: Omid Tavakkol , Venus Mortazavi Moghaddam , Farahnaz Sharafeddin , Asghar Alavi Ali
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to determine experimentally maximum fracture load of fiber-reinforced composite with different span lengths and to determine the effect of glass fiber on this parameter.

Materials and methods

Six fiber-reinforced groups (n = 10) were made with three different lengths (10, 15, 20 mm) with or without glass fiber in split mold. The specimens were early cured and then post-cured with a labolite unit, then specimens were subjected to three-point flexural test by a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and LSD post-hoc test (p < 0.05).

Results

Maximum fracture load of specimens increased with decreasing lengths (p < 0.001) and fiber-containing group showed significantly higher fracture load than fiberless groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

It was concluded that by increasing the span length, the maximum fracture load values (N) decreased incorporation of fiber results in higher fracture strength values.

How to cite this article

Omid T, Venus MM, Farahnaz S, Asghar AA. Effect of Glass Fiber Length on Flexural Strength of Fiber-reinforced Composite Resin. World J Dent 2012;3(2):131-135.
Pattern of Malocclusion and Treatment Need in Orthodontic Patients: An Institution-based Study
Authors: Nanjannawar Lalita G , Agrawal Jiwan Asha , Agrawal Manish
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to analyze the malocclusion pattern among patients who visited Department of Orthodontics of BVU Dental College and Hospital, Sangli (Maharashtra) as a baseline data for proper treatment planning, teaching and further research.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted on 125 patients who attended the orthodontic department from December 2008 to June 2010. Information regarding age, sex, type of malocclusion, dentofacial patterns and dentofacial characteristics was obtained from patients records. Orthodontic treatment need was assessed using DHC component of IOTN.

Results

The results of the study showed that the patients age ranged from 10 to 33 years with mean age of 16 years 9 months (+ 3.92). There were 91 (72.8%) females and 34 (28.2%) males. Chief complaints of majority of patients were ‘upper front teeth forward’ and ‘irregular teeth’. The commonest type of malocclusion was Angle's class II which was seen in 60 (48%) of patients. There was an increased overjet in 81% of subjects. Statistically significant association was found between skeletal and Angle's classes (p < 0.01). Assessment of need for orthodontic treatment using the DHC component of IOTN showed that 59 (47.2%) were in great need of orthodontic treatment and 53 (42.4%) had definite need of treatment.

Conclusion

The results give a detailed pattern of malocclusion in orthodontic patients and may provide a baseline data for research and planning orthodontic services.

How to cite this article

Nanjannawar L, Agrawal JA, Agrawal M. Pattern of Malocclusion and Treatment Need in Orthodontic Patients: An Institution-based Study. World J Dent 2012;3(2):136-140.
Fluorescence Level of Composites assessed by Computer Processing of Digital Images: ScanWhite©
Authors: de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Saad José Roberto Cury , de Campos Edson Alves , de Souza Rastelli Alessandra Nara , Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Toledo Porto Neto Sizenando , de Oliveira Osmir Batista , Dantas Andrea Abbi Rached
Published: June 2012

The human dentition is naturally translucent, opalescent and fluorescent. Differences between the level of fluorescence of tooth structure and restorative materials may result in distinct metameric properties and consequently perceptible disparate esthetic behavior, which impairs the esthetic result of the restorations, frustrating both patients and staff. In this study, we evaluated the level of fluorescence of different composites (Durafill in tones A2 (Du), Charisma in tones A2 (Ch), Venus in tone A2 (Ve), Opallis enamel and dentin in tones A2 (OPD and OPE), Point 4 in tones A2 (P4), Z100 in tones A2 (Z1), Z250 in tones A2 (Z2), Te-Econom in tones A2 (TE), Tetric Ceram in tones A2 (TC), Tetric Ceram N in tones A1, A2, A4 (TN1, TN2, TN4), Four seasons enamel and dentin in tones A2 (and 4SD 4SE), Empress Direct enamel and dentin in tones A2 (EDE and EDD) and Brilliant in tones A2 (Br)). Cylindrical specimens were prepared, coded and photographed in a standardized manner with a Canon EOS digital camera (400 ISO, 2.8 aperture and 1/ 30 speed), in a dark environment under the action of UV light (25 W). The images were analyzed with the software ScanWhite©-DMC/Darwin systems. The results showed statistical differences between the groups (p < 0.05), and between these same groups and the average fluorescence of the dentition of young (18 to 25 years) and adults (40 to 45 years) taken as control. It can be concluded that: Composites Z100, Z250 (3M ESPE) and Point 4 (Kerr) do not match with the fluorescence of human dentition and the fluorescence of the materials was found to be affected by their own tone.

How to cite this article

Tonetto MR, de Oliveira Junior OB, de Campos EA, Saad JRC, Dantas AAR, de Souza Rastelli AN, de Toledo Porto Neto S, de Andrade MF. Fluorescence Level of Composites assessed by Computer Processing of Digital Images: ScanWhite©. World J Dent 2012;3(2):141-144.
Microleakage of Silorane-based Resin Composite in Comparison with Methacrylate-based Composite in Class II Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study
Authors: Hegde Nidarsh D
Published: June 2012

Introduction

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different monomer systems on microleakage in class II composite open sandwich restorations with and without a separating agent placed between the nanofilled resin modified glass ionomer and the resin.

Materials and methods

Class II cavity preparations were prepared in maxillary premolars (n = 240) and the cervical limit of the proximal box was below the cementoenamel junction. Group 1 was restored with silorane-based composite and group II was restored with methacrylate-based composite. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and examined for microleakage after in 50% silver nitrate solution. The recorded results of dye penetration were statistically analyzed using Chisquare test.

Results

Methacrylate-based composite (Filtek Z 350, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) exhibited the highest dye penetration and silorane-based composite (Filtek P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative, 3M, St Paul, MN, USA) showed the lowest dye penetration among the restorative materials. However, specimens with separating agent showed almost no leakage between the RMGIC and tooth interface.

Conclusion

Forces of polymerization shrinkage are stronger than the bond between glass ionomer cement and tooth interface and the use of silorane technology in open sandwich restoration will decrease microleakage and improve clinical performance.

How to cite this article

Hegde MN, Hegde N, Hegde ND. Microleakage of Silorane-based Resin Composite in Comparison with Methacrylate-based Composite in Class II Open Sandwich Restorations: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2012;3(2):145-149.
Shear Bond Strength of a Chemical Resin Cement to Five Adhesive Systems in Bovine Dentin
Authors: da Silva Eduardo Galera , Huhtala Maria Filomena Rocha Lima , Gomes Ana Paula Martins , Pagani Clovis , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Kubo Claudio Hideki , Caneppele Taciana Marco Ferraz
Published: June 2012

Aim

This in vitro study evaluated the shear bond strength of a chemical resin cement to five adhesive systems in bovine dentin.

Materials and methods

One hundred and three bovine teeth were divided into five experimental groups (n = 19) and two control groups (n = 4). A flat dentin surface was exposed on each tooth after wet grinding the buccal enamel, in order to apply the adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond, Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Multi Bond Uno plus Duo, One Step, Prompt L-Pop) to 95 teeth, according to manufacture's instructions. Four teeth were etched with phosphoric acid (negative control) and four teeth were no etched with phosphoric acid (positive control). Light-cured composite blocks were sandblasted before the cementation with C&B Cement (Bisco) over the treated dentin. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C and submitted to the shear bond strength test after 7 days.

Results

ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05) demonstrated that Adper Single Bond (7.47 ± 4.37), Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (6.68 ± 5.11) and One Step (7.30 ± 4.29) presented the highest bond strength values. Prompt L-Pop (0.05 ± 0.17) and Multi Bond Uno plus Duo (0.72 ± 1.41) presented the lowest significant bond strength values.

Conclusion

The shear bond strength of composite resin cylinders cemented with chemically activated resin cement depends on the adhesive system used.

Clinical significance

Fourth and fifth generation light polymerized bonding systems are indicated when self-polymerizing cements are used.

How to cite this article

Kubo CH, Caneppele TMF, da Silva EG, Huhtala MFRL, Torres CRG, Pagani C, Gomes APM. Shear Bond Strength of a Chemical Resin Cement to Five Adhesive Systems in Bovine Dentin. World J Dent 2012;3(2):150-155.
Analysis of the Effect of Dental Chair Light on the Knoop Hardness of Composite Resin While Light Curing with QTH and LED Light Units
Authors: Parekh Bandish , Sathe Sucheta
Published: June 2012

Dental chair lights have been known to rapidly polymerize lightcured composites beyond the point of workability. Often in our dental clinics we are advised to switch off the dental chair light while light curing of dental composites. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the dental chair light causes any effect on the degree of polymerization of light cured composites using the quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) and the light emitting diode (LED) light curing units (LCUs). Filtek Z350 composite samples of 2 × 5 mm were prepared in an acrylic mold. Four groups were made having 20 samples each. In group I and II light curing was done using QTH LCU with and without the dental chair light respectively. Similarly in group III and IV LED LCU was used. Microhardness was measured and compared using Knoop's hardness Test. Data was submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results showed that the average microhardness was significantly higher in group 4 (LED light curing with dental chair light on). Thus, it was concluded that the dental chair light can be left on while using QTH and LED LCU's during light curing of composite material.

How to cite this article

Parekh B, Sathe S, Hegde V. Analysis of the Effect of Dental Chair Light on the Knoop Hardness of Composite Resin While Light Curing with QTH and LED Light Units. World J Dent 2012;3(2):156-160.
Evaluation of Apical Filling after Warm Vertical Compaction using Two Different Endodontic Materials: Resilon® and Gutta-Percha
Authors: Naaman Alfred , Zogheib Carla , Medioni Etienne
Published: June 2012

Forty-eight extracted maxillary anterior teeth instrumented with ProTaper system to apical preparations 0.25, 0.40 and 0.60 mm (n = 16 each) were divided into six groups for filling as following: Group 1: Apical preparation 25/100 + gutta-percha/AH Plus sealer, group 2: Apical preparation 25/100 + Resilon/Real Seal, group 3: Apical preparation 40/100 + gutta-percha/AH plus sealer, group 4: Apical preparation 40/100 + Resilon/Real Seal, group 5: Apical preparation 60/100 + gutta-percha/AH plus, group 6: Apical preparation 60/100 + Resilon/Real Seal. All teeth were filled using the warm vertical technique. Horizontal sections at 1, 2 and 3 mm from the apex were observed by SEM under 200 × magnification. Sections were digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope and the images were transferred to a compatible PC for image analysis. The surface area of voids were calculated and compared at all levels; using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Sidak correction and Mann-Whitney U test (p > 0.05).

Comparisons within each group (gutta-percha/AH plus and Resilon/Real Seal) showed the presence of voids but there was no significant difference between any level of sectioning for apical preparations of 25 and 40 (p > 0.05). The only difference was in the groups prepared to size 60 and filled with Resilon/ Real Seal which showed significantly more voids than the group filled with gutta-percha/AH plus and especially at the 3 mm level.

Conclusion

The system Resilon/Real Seal did not achieve better results in terms of sealing ability in the apical third when compared to the conventional gutta-percha/AH plus sealing system.

How to cite this article

Zogheib C, Naaman A, Medioni E. Evaluation of Apical Filling after Warm Vertical Compaction using Two Different Endodontic Materials: Resilon® and Gutta-Percha. World J Dent 2012;3(2):166-170.
Comparison of Hardness and Surface Roughness of Two Denture bases Polymerized by Different Methods
Authors: Bahrani Farideh , Vojdani Mahroo , Safari Anahita , Karampoor Ghasem
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate mechanical property hardness and surface roughness (Ra) of different polymerization acrylic resins used for denture bases.

Materials and methods

A total of 30 specimens were prepared and divided in two groups. A total of 15 samples were processed by the compression molding technique using Meliodent (heatcured). Another 15 samples were processed with cold-cured resin Futura Gen via the injection molding technique.

Hardness testing was conducted using a Vickers hardness tester. The Ra test was performed by a profilometer. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test and differences were statistically significant at the 0.05 level.

Results

The Vickers hardness numbers (VHN) were 20.8 ± 2.39 for Meliodent and 21.18 ± 1.42 for FuturaGen, which was not significantly different (p > 0.05). The Ra of Meliodent was 0.92 ± 0.23 µm and for FuturaGen it was 0.84 ± 0.37 µm. There were no significant changes in roughness.

Conclusion

The hardness and Ra of Meliodent and FuturaGen were not significantly different. Therefore, we recommend the use of FuturaGen for manufacturing denture base materials.

How to cite this article

Bahrani F, Safari A, Vojdani M, Karampoor G. Comparison of Hardness and Surface Roughness of Two Denture bases Polymerized by Different Methods. World J Dent 2012;3(2):171-175.
Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of a Grander-Modified Adhesive System to Bovine Dentin
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Pucci Cesar Rogério , Huhtala Maria Filomena Rocha Lima , Bresciani Eduardo , Duarte Daniel Gomes , de Paiva Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo
Published: June 2012

Purpose

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the Grander technology on the shear bond strength of total-etch adhesive system Single Bond 2 to dentin.

Materials and methods

Forty bovine incisors were used. They were sectioned and the buccal surfaces worn down with abrasive paper. Acid etching was performed, and the specimens were divided into two groups (n = 20): Group G1—Single Bond 2 adhesive system (3M ESPE) under normal conditions; group G2—Single Bond 2 adhesive system modified by physical contact for 48 hours with the flexible unit Grander system. The resin composite was inserted with the aid of a metallic matrix over the prepared area. After the mechanical shear test, data were submitted to the statistical t-test (5%). The t-test showed that the results for G1 and G2 were similar (p > 0.05). The mean values (± SD) were: G1—6.66 (± 2.40); G2—5.26 (± 2.15).

Conclusion

Grander technology did not influence the initial shear bond strength of the Single Bond 2 adhesive system to dentin.

How to cite this article

Duarte DG, de Paiva Gonçalves SE, Barcellos DC, Huhtala MFRL, Bresciani E, Pucci CR. Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of a Grander-Modified Adhesive System to Bovine Dentin. World J Dent 2012;3(2):176-179.