bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Degree modification across categories in Afrikaans
Authors: Berghoff Robyn , Nouwen Rick , Bylinina Lisa , McNabb Yaron
Published: July 2019

The paper presents an analysis of the Afrikaans degree modifierbaie‘very/much/many’.Baieappears to be a single lexical item with a wide distribution in terms of the categories of gradable predicate with which it can combine. However, the paper shows that two syntactically distinct instances ofbaieshould be distinguished. These instances ofbaieportion out the modification of different grammatical categories between them: one, a head, exclusively modifies gradable adjectives, and the other, an adjunct, modifies the remaining categories of gradable predicate.
Towards a meta-theoretical model for translation
Authors: Blumczynski Piotr , Hassani Ghodrat
Published: July 2019

In this study, we propose a meta-theoretical model for translation. In doing so, we start from a critique of bivalent thinking – rooted in classical logic – exposing unidimensionality as its fundamental weakness. We then consider how this problem has traditionally been addressed by proposing continua. While recognising their cognitive, heuristic and didactic values, we argue that despite the promise of alleviating strict polarisation symptomatic of binarisms, continua are still unidimensional and thus counterproductive to theorising that seeks to capture translational complexity. As a way out of this impasse, building on the premises of fuzzy logic and the understanding that translation is a non-zero-sum concept, we suggest that theoretical concepts be couched in terms of multidimensionality (that is, contrasted with numerous oppositions, rather than a single one, as is the case with polar thinking). Finally, we suggest how our proposed approach can be translated into a practice of theorising.
Critical Assessment 38: Assessment of the intrinsic susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement for qualification of steels
Authors: Nagumo Michihiko , Takai Kenichi
Published: July 2019

Exact simulations of engineering practice are often difficult to accomplish with test methods of materials performance against hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Instead, it is proposed that assessment of the intrinsic susceptibility to HE be adaptable to diverse usage environments and loading modes. This notion is based on recent findings concerning the predominant role of strain-induced vacancies and their involvement in characteristic features of HE such as microstructural effects and dependence on strain rates and temperatures. The function of hydrogen in enhancing the generation of strain-induced vacancies operates throughout the entire process of fracture, and the density of vacancies is detectable using hydrogen as a tracer. A method is proposed here for using as the parameter the difference in the amounts of tracer-hydrogen between specimens given cyclic stressing with and without hydrogen.
The RNA exosome nuclease complex regulates human embryonic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Belair Cedric , Sim Soyeong , Kim Kun-Yong , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Park In-Hyun ,   and, Wolin Sandra L.
Published: July 2019

A defining feature of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Pluripotency is maintained in part by a unique transcription network that maintains expression of pluripotency-specific transcription factors and represses developmental genes. While the mechanisms that establish this transcription network are well studied, little is known of the posttranscriptional surveillance pathways that degrade differentiation-related RNAs. We report that the surveillance pathway mediated by the RNA exosome nuclease complex represses ESC differentiation. Depletion of the exosome expedites differentiation of human ESCs into all three germ layers. LINE-1 retrotransposons and specific miRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs that encode developmental regulators or affect their expression are all bound by the exosome and increase in level upon exosome depletion. The exosome restrains differentiation in part by degrading transcripts encoding FOXH1, a transcription factor crucial for mesendoderm formation. Our studies establish the exosome as a regulator of human ESC differentiation and reveal the importance of RNA decay in maintaining pluripotency.
Comparison of quadratus lumborum versus continuous epidural block for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: analysis of postoperative analgesia and motoric ability
Authors: Aditianingsih Dita , Pryambodho  , Anasy Naufal , Rahendra  , Rosita Tantri Aida
Published: July 2019

Pain management in post transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy is a key to early recovery. Different types of regional anesthesia techniques have been applied for managing post-operative pain. However, the results are still not satisfactory. This study aims to compare effectiveness of ultrasound-guided bilateral Quadratus Lumborum (QL) block with continuous epidural analgesia in improving post transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy analgesia and motoric mobility. This is a randomized controlled trial that included 26 healthy living kidney donor patients. All subjects were randomized to receive preoperatively bilateral QL block (n=13) or continuous epidural analgesia (n=13). Subjects in QL group received 20 mL of bupivacaine 0.25% bilaterally and subjects in epidural group received continuous bupivacaine 0.125% infusion 6 mL/hour. Numerical rating scale (NRS), Bromage score, and duration of urinary catheterization were recorded. The results presented no significant differences in NRS scores at rest and movement, and Bromage score between QL block group and epidural block group in at 2,6,12,24 hours after surgery. The QL block group received significantly lower total dose of bupivacaine (p<0.001) and duration of urinary catheterization was significantly shorter (p=0.001) compared to epidural group. This study found that QL block produced similar postoperative NRS and Bromage score with fewer dose of bupivacaine and shorter duration of urinary catheterization compared with continuous epidural analgesia within 24 hours.
Serum C-Reactive Protein in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis and correlation with dialytic age
Authors: Ali Zulkhair , Ridha Muhammad R , Bahar Erial
Published: July 2019

Mortality in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis considerably high. Previous study showed that mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis was strongly correlated with chronic inflammation. The current study examined whether the serum c-reative protein concentration (hsCRP) changed from pre- to post-dialysis. In addition, the current study also investigated the correlation between dialysis age and hsCRP in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study was a case-series study of 30 patients with hemodialysis. The patients were devided into three group based on dialysis age. Hemodialysis had been undergone for 4 hours, using hemoflow F8HPS, polysulfone synthetic dialysis membrane, and bicarbonate dialysis fluid. The primary outcome was serum concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which was assessed in the pre-and-post dialysis, measured using chemiluminescent method. Dialysis does increased the hsCRP post-dialysis. It resulted in significant (p<0.05) increment of serum hsCRP concentration, pre-dialysis 1.04±0.90 mg/L compared to post-dialysis mean value 1.84±2.01 mg/dL. There was no significant difference among serum hsCRP concentration mean value among group of dialysis age. The correlations between various measurement of serum hsCRP concentration and dialysis age were statistically insignificant.
Correlation CD24 and CD44 expression against aggressiveness breast cancer
Authors: Farida Aida , Wresnindyatsih  , Yuliantini Venni
Published: July 2019

Cancer stem cells (CSC) in breast cancer are the source of cells that are resistant to chemotherapeutic agents that are responsible for recurrence and metastasis. The existence of CSC is a benchmark for success in strategies for prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Cell surface markers known as cluster of differentiation (CD) 24 are expressed in breast cancer. CD44 is a cell surface protein composed of glycoproteins, high enough to be expressed in breast cancer. Sample taken with technique proportional random sampling. The population of this study is a specimen that has been diagnosed molecular subtype as a breast cancer from January 2015 arrived October 2017, consist of 44 sample, 11 luminal A samples, 11 luminal B samples, 11 HER2 samples and 11 triple negative samples. CD24 expression was found most negative (81.8%) and CD44 expression found the most positive at 84.1%. Expression CD24 correlation with molecular subtype found that the results of the chi-square test found a correlation between expression CD24 and molecular subtype (p-value = 0.036). There correlation expression CD24 molecular subtype but there were no correlation CD24 with limfovaskular invasion, grading, and Ki67. There no correlation expression CD44 with limfovaskular invasion, grading, molecular subtype and Ki67.
EEG changes in patients with intracranial tumors and seizures symptom at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang
Authors: Handayani Sri , Diansari Yunni , Bahar Erial , Novantina Wilasari
Published: July 2019

This study was conducted to determine the EEG changes in intracranial tumor patients with symptoms of seizures and the correspondence between the location of tumor by the location of the EEG abnormality. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study using primary and secondary data. Samples were collected consecutively over a period of 1 year. Of the 35 samples, abnormal EEG in patients with primary intracranial tumors obtained 68,2%, whereas in metastatic intracranial tumors obtained in 84,6%. From the abnormal EEG, in primary intracranial tumors description focal slowing in 60.0%, epileptic activity 20.0%, accompanied focal epileptic activity and focal slowing in 13.3%. Whereas in patients with intracranial tumor metastasis overview the form of a focal slowing in 36.4%,epileptic activity in 18.2%, and deceleration focal epileptiform activity accompanied by 45.5%. Presence of the EEG abnormality locations in tumor area 23.1%, non-tumor area by 38.5%, tumor and non-tumor area area by 38.5%. In this study, most patients have an abnormal EEG which more common in the form of a focal slowing compared epileptic activity, and some abnormalities are located in non-tumor areas. This indicates that the seizures that occur may be more due to irritation lesions than for the formation of epileptic focus.
The effect of high aluminium water consumption on parameters of neuron, blood and renal function
Authors: Irfannuddin Irfannuddin , Bustan Milla , Maktum Ummi , Febriani Ratika , Rahadiyanto Yakub
Published: July 2019

Mining process causes contamination of Aluminium in drinking water consumed by Bangka Island residents. The study was conducted to identify the influence of high aluminium water consumption on serum aluminium level, serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serum ferritin, blood haemoglobin (Hb), and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR). Men aged 26-45 years old were allocated into two groups. The first group was subjects who have consumed well water for at least 5 years. Aluminium levels in well water were sampled from seven wells and the average levels were higher than threshold. The control group was subjects who have consumed tap water for at least 5 years. The average level of aluminium in the tap water from seven houses was still within the normal limit. Serum aluminium levels of men who consumed high aluminium containing water were significantly higher than control group. Men who consumed high aluminium water had significantly lower levels of BDNF and ferritin, and were also associated with lower Hb levels. Both groups had no difference in UACR and were still within normal limits. High aluminium water consumption may have an impact to decrease the indicators of cognitive and blood functions, but has no effect on renal functions.
Role of hepcidin to identify the type of anemia in chronic kidney disease in children
Authors: Indah Lestari Hertanti , Pudjiastuti Trihono Partini , Andriastuti Murti
Published: July 2019

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may present with anemia of chronic disease (ACD), iron-deficiency anemia, or both (mixed anemia). Common hematologic parameters may not distinguish type of anemia in CKD. Hepcidin is a new variable considered to guide management of anemia in CKD. This study aimed to determine type of anemia in children with CKD, and determine the level of hepcidin in those patients and its relationship with degree of CKD, hemoglobin, and ferritin. This was a cross sectional study in 2-18 years non-dialyzed children with CKD. Subjects were divided into group I (CKD stage 1-2) and group II (CKD stage 3-5). Each group consisted of 29 subjects. Anemia occurred in 34 of 58 subjects, 24 were ACD and 10 were mixed anemia. Median of hepcidin levels in group II were significantly higher than group I (33.4 vs 12.5 ng/mL). Hepcidin has positive correlation with ferritin. ROC analysis showed that hepcidin level of >18 ng/mL may predict ACD. Ferritin level of >99.7 ng/dL can predict hepcidin >18ng/mL (sensitivity 74.2% and specificity 70.4%). This study concluded that ACD is the most type of anemia in CKD besides mixed anemia.
Deep classifier on the electrocardiogram interpretation system
Authors: Nurmaini Siti , Umi Partan Radiyati , Naufal Rachmatullah Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a primary diagnostic tool for cardiovascular diseases. A higher accuracy of heart diseases needs an automatic classification for intelligent interpretation of cardiac arrhythmia. The classification process consists of following stages: detection of QRS complex in ECG signal, feature extraction from detected QRS using R-R interval, segmentation of rhythms using extracted feature set, learning system by using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The performance is analyzed as a rhythm of arrhythmia classifier and MIT-BIH arrhythmia database uses to validate the method. To benchmark, the performance of DNNs algorithm is compared to, MLP and SVM algorithm in terms of accuracy. The result obtained show that the proposed method provides good accuracy about 97.7 % with less expert interaction.
DNA methylation of P2X3 receptor gene encoded pain marker protein in endometriosis
Authors: Ocktariyana  , Hestiantoro A , Rahmala R , Asmarinah
Published: July 2019

Endometriosis is a common, benign, oestrogen-dependent, chronic gynaecological disorder associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Increasing of P2X3 receptors induced sensitization of pain in endometriosis patients. Epigenetic mechanism such as DNA methylation could lead to alteration of gene expression. The aim of this study was to analyse DNA methylation of P2X3 receptor gene promoter in peritoneal endometriotic tissue from 9 patients compared to endometrial tissue from 9 without endometriosis women as control. The DNA from samples was isolated and with sodium bisulfite converted. We used Methyl Specific PCR (MSP) method to amplify the DNA and then running MSP product in gel electrophoresis. The band intensity of samples were measured by ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was significant correlation between pain and endometriosis (p=0.000). DNA methylation of P2X3 receptor gene promoter among peritoneal endometriotic tissue in women endometriosis and endometrial tissue woman without endometriosis were 100% unmethylated and there was no significant differences (p=0.287), although density of band unmethylated peritoneum endometriosis group was higher than control group. This study was suggesting that DNA methylation of P2X3 receptor gene promoter might be a potential biomarker to early diagnostic of endometriosis without invasive procedure in endometriosis patienst especially with pain symptoms.
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes can help to identify CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and histopathologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Oktari Desyani , Maulani Heni , Auline Rusminan Suly , Bahar Erial
Published: July 2019

Ovarian carcinoma is the common cause of most death cases in female genital malignancy. Ovarian carcinoma is considered as one of the carcinomas that can evoke immune responses. One of the immune responses is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of a tumor (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes). This study aims to determine the association of density of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and histopathologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma. This study was a cross-sectional study. Samples were taken based on five main histopathologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma from January 1, 2015, until December 31, 2017, comprising 50 cases. All preparations were stained with CD8 monoclonal antibody. The density of intratumoral and stromal TILs was subsequently evaluated on histopathologic preparations and immunohistochemical examination. The association between the density of TILs, CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and histopathologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma was evaluated using Spearman, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney test. The density of TILs and intratumoral CD8+ TILs were associated with histopathologic subtypes, especially high-grade serous carcinoma that had a different density value compared to other histopathologic subtypes. In addition, the density of TIL and intratumoral CD8+ TIL had a meaningful association with histopathologic subtypes of ovarian carcinoma.
Seluang (Rasbora agrotyenia) Fish Oil Increases Vitamin D in Autoimmune Patients (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
Authors: Gonzales Penserga Ester , Umi Partan Radiyati , Hidayat Rachmat , Saputra Nurwan , Prapto Hari , Rahmayani Febri
Published: July 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which usually affects multiple organ systems. Its patients are prone to hypovitaminosis D along with its complications such as osteoporosis. The improvement of vitamin D status in SLE patients is associated with better immune modulation, proinflammatory cytokine suppression, calcium absorption improvement, as well as better severity and lower osteoclastogenesis. This double-blind, randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Allergology-Immunology Polyclinic in the Internal Medicine Department of Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia, over the period April 2017 – February 2018. Samples were given either seluang (Rasbora agrotyenia) fish oil or placebo for 12 weeks. On the start and the end of the study, vitamin D levels were examined. 32 patients, all female, were divided evenly into the two groups. On the end of the study, the seluang oil group had significant vitamin D increase compared to placebo (p = 0.000). We concluded that the administration of seluang fish oil was able to increase vitamin D levels in SLE patients.
CD8+ Serum as a predictor of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Qodir Nur , Umar Mulawan , Darwin Nopriansyah , Theodorus
Published: July 2019

CD8+ Cytotoxic T-cell Lymphocytes (CTLs) had a major role in tumour apoptosis. Meanwhile, chemotherapy could induce tumour cell apoptosis and enhance CTL response. Therefore, pre-treatment immune status might predict the ability of chemotherapy to eliminate cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to CD8+ serum in locally advanced breast cancer patient. A randomized clinical trial has been conducted in Dr Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from October 2017 until January 2018. There were 30 samples who fulfil the inclusion criteria. All samples were taken neoadjuvant chemotherapy and analysis data was using SPSS ver.21. The range of age patient with locally advanced breast cancer in this study 30-66 y.o with mean 45±10.526 y.o. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the CD8+ serum was significantly decreased (p=0.000). CD8+ serum before chemotherapy has sensitivity 42.86% and specificity 43.48% to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response with cut off point 660.7 cell/mm3. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreases CD8+ significantly in locally advanced breast cancer patient.
Factors of soil-transmitted helminths infections in children who live in the surrounding of the final disposal landfill of Sukawinatan, Palembang
Authors: Ramayanti Indri , Ghiffari Ahmad
Published: July 2019

Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) is a group of nematodes that infect people and transmitted through soil media. STH occurs especially among pre-school and school-aged children, and commonly related to environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. The study objected to determine the factors related to the incidence of STH in children 5-15 years who lived surrounding the Sukawinatan district of Palembang city. The observational analytic using the cross-sectional design, consisted of 110 subjects sampled by consecutive sampling. Data on environmental sanitation and personal hygiene were obtained by questionnaires, while infection status using the Kato-Katz faecal technic. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test (α = 0.05), showed that 24.5% of population where infected with STH. A number of 1-24-2 children were infected with hookworm-Ascaris lumbricoides-Trichuris trichiura infection, respectively. Based on statistical test results, the association of STH infection with variables were: waste disposal (p = 0.268), water facilities (p = 1.000), sewage disposal (p = 0.224), latrine (p = 0.021), hand washing prior to meal (p = 0.001), hand washing after defecate (p = 0.028), use of footwear (p = 0.013), and nail hygiene (p = 1.000). Concluded that the significant factors related to STH were use of latrine, hand washing behaviour, and use of footwear. Further research will be necessary to successfully eliminate this neglected tropical disease.
A preliminary study: Centella asiatica extract modulates acetylcholine in the heart
Authors: Augusta Rosdah Ayeshah , Lusiana Evi , Reagan Muhammad , Akib Abdurrahman , Khairunnisa Fadhila , Husna Afkara
Published: July 2019

Previous studies have demonstrated the cardioprotective effect of acetylcholine (Ach), and therefore is indeed a potential theraupetic target for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that Ach is not only important in the pathological but also physiological state of the heart. The herb Centella asiatica has long been used to cure a number of conditions in traditional Indian medicine. Previous studies have shown that the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the Centella asiatica extract is capable of increasing the Ach level in the brain. However, it is unclear whether it can affect Ach level in other organs, such as the heart. In this study, healthy adult male Wistar rats were allocated into groups treated with the positive control, Donepezil, or the aqueous extract at doses 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg. After 21 days, the whole heart was evacuated and weighed prior to further measurement for Ach content. The present study showed that long-term consumption of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of aqueous Centella asiatica extract could modulate the Ach content in the heart.
Cutaneous larva migrans - a case report in amplas community health centre, Medan
Authors: Sakina Adriani , Darlan Dewi
Published: July 2019

Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM) is one of the most helminthic skin infestations, frequently in tropics and subtropics countries, including Southeastern United States, Central, and South America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The infected cats and dogs usually defecate in sandpits, seashore, or areas with loose, wet soils where also being the natural environments for the larvae. Human is the dead-end hosts that the filariform larvae in humans are not capable of maturation. The larvae keep moving approximately 2 – 3 cm/day. During its migration, an itchy erythematous. CLM is a self-limiting disease, the spontaneous resolution coming up within a few weeks. But most patients used to receive anti-parasite therapy, such as Albendazole or Ivermectin.
Identification of KRAS gene codon 12 polymorphism in colorectal cancer patients at Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang
Authors: Saleh Irsan , Triwani  , Hayati Lusia , Surya Fatimah Liliana , Subandrate
Published: July 2019

Colorectal cancer occurs due to neoplastic transformation of epithelial cells in the colon and rectum resulting from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations. One of the genetic factors associated with colorectal cancer is KRAS gene polymorphism, which mostly occurs in codon 12. KRAS gene polymorphism leads to constitutional activation of KRAS protein effectors which will initiate signalling network to nucleus to increase cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. The aim of this study was to identify the KRAS gene codon 12 polymorphism in colorectal cancer patients at Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. This study was a descriptive laboratory study with PCR–RFLP technique using BstNI enzyme on thirty patients with colorectal cancer. Wild type genotype (GG) of KRAS gene codon 12 found in 15 patients (50%), heterozygous mutant genotype (Gg) found in 12 patients (40%) and homozygous mutant genotype (gg) only found in 3 patients (10%). The G allele frequency was 70% and the g was 30%. The most common genotype found in colorectal cancer patients was GG genotype and most common alotype was G allele. KRAS gene polymorphism was found in half of the colorectal cancer patients, heterozygous mutant genotype (Gg) was more frequent then homozygous mutant genotype (gg).
Histoplasmosis of bilateral adrenal masses and submandibular lymphadenopathy: other diagnosis besides malignancy and tuberculosis
Authors: Aprilia Salim Nelda , Tanzil Iswadi , Permata Mega , Hudari Harun , Perdana Rizky
Published: July 2019

Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus which can cause infection usually in immunocompromised patients. An immunocompetent patient can be affected if he got chronic exposure to soil contaminated with birds or bats guano. We are reporting a case of a 54 years old man, working as trashman at open-air landfill, presented to hospital, with persistent fever and abdominal pain. The patient also complained of enlargement of submandibular lymph nodes. The abdominal ultrasound and CT-scan showed bilateral adrenal masses. Biopsy per laparoscopy of adrenal mass, and aspiration cytology of lymphadenopathy were performed and the results of cyto and histopathology examinations were Histoplasma capsulatum infection. The patient was planned for itraconazole 200 mg bid for 12-24 months. After 6 months of therapy, the patient had no more complains and the lymph nodes have shrinked significantly.
Supplementation of curcuma domestica extract reduces cox-2 and inos expression on raw 264.7 cells
Authors: Setyono Joko , Murti Harini Ika , Sarmoko Sarmoko , Rujito Lantip
Published: July 2019

The expression of COX-2 and iNOS have an important role in inflammation. Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) contains active compounds such as curcumin, which can inhibit the expression of the enzyme so that the risk of chronic inflammation and cancer can be reduced. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of turmeric extract concentrations on the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This study was an experimental post-test only with a control group design. The RAW 264.7 cultured cells were divided into six groups (G) on a 24-well plate; GA (control group without LPS), GB (control group with LPS), GC (control group without primary antibody), GD (62,5μg/mL extract concentration), GE (125μg/mL extract concentration), and GF (250μg/mL extract concentration). After 18 hours of treatment, all the cells were fixed with ethanol and stored and tested with immunocytochemistry. Results show the expressions of COX-2 and iNOS in GA (10,51±5,15; 12,51±3.10), GB (82,29±1,49; 82,70±1,67), GC (29,01±5,19; 16,33±1,61), GD (32,19±5,36; 58,58±10,31), GE (24,29±5,88; 52,55±9,03), and GF (40,42±3,15; 29,24±7,84). The test results of data analysis by one-way ANOVA (COX-2) and Kruskal-Wallis (iNOS) showed significant differences (p <0.05) along with Post Hoc test Tamhanes (COX-2) and Mann-Whitney (iNOS), which also showed significant differences (p <0.05). The most substantial differences shown by the mean of the treatment group turmeric extract concentration were 125 μg/mL (COX-2) and 250μg/mL (iNOS). These results suggest that turmeric extracts can reduce the effects of inflammation on RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide
Factors influencing the accuracy of ETT size prediction in children with CHD: a pilot study
Authors: Soenarto R F , Kusuma H
Published: July 2019

Induction and intubation for pediatric patients with congenital heart defects (CHD) should be conducted with careful measures to avoid any complications due to anesthetic drugs. Proper endotracheal tube (ETT) size is essential to avoid reintubation. The aim of this study is to analyze factors affecting the accuracy of uncuffed ETT size prediction in paediatrics with CHD. This observational-analytic study included seventeen patients aged 0-8 years with CHD underwent general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. Subjects were classified as cyanotic or acyanotic heart disease. The ETT size was predicted by Cole’s formula. The accuracy of prediction was analyzed according to age, body weight, height and type of CHD. The prediction of ETT size was accurate in 53% of the subjects. The prediction was inaccurate in 63% of cyanotic subjects, while only 16.7% of acyanotic subjects. Univariate analysis for all variables showed there was no significant factor to affect the accuracy of ETT size prediction. The smallest p value was subject’s height. Height has a 69.8% affecting factor to predict the accurate ETT size. Thus, age, body weight, height and type of CHD are not statistically significant factors to affect the accuracy of ETT size prediction. But, height gives a better prediction to the accuracy of ETT size.
Correlation between flat feet and body mass index in primary school students
Authors: Suciati Tri , Rulan Adnindya Msy , Seta Septadina Indri , Putri Pratiwi Poppy
Published: July 2019

Body mass index is one of the indicators used to detect body weight and nutritional status. Excessive weight in children can affect the occurrence of flat feet compared with children who have normal weight. Flat feet is a foot structure disorder that does not form the medial arch. The aim of this research is to know the relationship between body mass index and flat feet in elementary school children at Xaverius 1 Palembang. This is an analytical-observational research with a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this research are 70 students of elementary school at Xaverius 1 Palembang and collected by using stratified random sampling proportionally. The research was conducted in October 2017. Data analysis was performed by Chi-Square test on SPSS application. The category of body mass index was classified into overweight/obese and not-overweight. In the category of overweight/obese, there are 24 (80%) people were positive flat feet and 6 (20%) normal people. In the category of not-overweight, there are 7 (17.5%) people were positive flat feet and 33 (82.5%) normal people. The result of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between body mass index and flat feet (p = 0,000) with PR value of 4.571, that is overweight/obese people risk 4.5 times for flat feet compared to people who were notoverweight.
Antidepressant activity of basil leaves essential oil (Ocimum basilicum) in male balb/c mice
Authors: Rizki Suryani Puji , Febri Zulissetiana Eka , Arroyantri Prananjaya Bintang
Published: July 2019

Depression is the most common mental disorder nowadays. It was triggered many searches to find out traditional plants that has antidepressant activity, one of which is sweet basil. Sweet basil oil that consist of eugenol inspected by in vivo using depression-induced male Balb/c mice and compared its antidepressant activity with fluoxetine HCl. This study was to compare antidepressant activity of sweet basil oil (Ocimum basilicum) and fluoxetine HCl evaluated from immobility time and serotonin level in plasma. An experimental study, in vivo, has been done in animal house and biomolecular laboratory medical faculty of Sriwijaya university during May until July 2015. Samples of 32 male Balb/c mice that divided into 4 groups was adapted for 10 days. Tail suspension test was done for 14 days, then mice blood was taken for checking depression serotonin level. In day 15th until 28th, mice given with sweet basil oil with gradually dose (P1, P2, and P3) and fluoxetine HCl (P4). Tail suspension test was done once and mice blood was taken for checking after therapy serotonin level. Data analyzed with SPSS 16. All male mice are similar in body weight, immobility time at tail suspension test I, and depression serotonin level. By tail suspension test, there is significant difference before and after therapy in group P1, P2, and P3 (p <0,001), group P4 (p = 0,001). There is no dose suitability between sweet basil oil and fluoxetine HCl based on tail suspension test (p < 0,001). Serotonin level in plasma before and after therapy shows significant difference in all groups (p < 0,001). There is no dose suitability between sweet basil oil and fluoxetine HCl based on serotonin level in plasma (p < 0,001). Antidepressant activity of sweet basil oil and fluoxetine HCl is not similar based on immobility time and serotonin level in plasma.
Experimental Investigation of Recycled Machining Coolant Mixed with Nanofluids Based Al2O3
Authors: Lim S K , Mohamad N Z , Yusoff A R
Published: July 2019

Machining coolant is used in manufacturing industry for lubrication, rusting control and cooling which are crucial in operations such as grinding and cutting process. However, the machining coolant lose efficiency in months due to the thermal degradation and contamination. To recycle the used of machining coolant while enhancing the performance, the mixture of nanofluids (N) based Al2O3 with better thermal properties to synthesize with the recycled machining coolant (RMC). This study suspended Al2O3 nanofluids in four base ratios of recycled machining coolant (i.e. 0:100, 20:80, 40:60 and 60:40) by ultrasonic homogenies. The three main parameters in cooling rate performance and rusting control are thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity and pH indication, respectively. The thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity are then measured at temperature range of 30 to 60°C. The highest enhancement of thermal conductivity was evaluated to be 37.9% higher than machining coolant base fluid at the temperature of 60°C in 60:40 (N:RMC). However, the enhancement of dynamic viscosity was measured to be 4.5% for 60:40 (N:RMC) at 60°C. The pH value of 60:40 (N:RMC) at ambient temperature obtained 8.18 value was nearly neutral and decreased the rusting process. Therefore, this study recommends the use of recycled machining coolants based Al2O3 as cutting fluid in the ratio of 60:40 for application in machining operations.
Energy Efficiency Assessment in Production Line: An Approach towards Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Saleh C , Prasetiyo R , Hendradewa A P , Hassan A B
Published: July 2019

Global demands of energy which causes a quick depletion of the natural energy reserves become a critical concern. Industrial sector is concerned to be the largest energy consumer compared to other sectors. Thus, an energy efficiency improvement tends to be a proper solution in addressing this problem. This work aims to analyse a prospect energy efficiency improvement within a production line. A discrete-event simulation (DES) was used to investigate the energy saving potential and a case study was conducted in a crumb rubber company. Three parameters were taken into consideration to calculate the energy consumption, i.e. processing time, working shift schedule, and machine states. An initial model which represents an actual condition of the manufacturing production line was developed. From the analysis of the initial model result, a recommendation scenario was built. It was shown that a reduction of 8.22% in the energy consumption is achievable by implementing the suggested scenario.
An Application of Cutting-Stock Problem in Green Manufacturing: A Case Study of Wooden Pallet Industry
Authors: Wattanasiriseth P , Krairit A
Published: July 2019

The cutting-stock problem is used to minimize the impact of wasting material during the stock cutting process. The linear programming model is developed and implemented on Microsoft Excel to solve for the optimal cutting plan with the criteria of minimizing material waste. The case study of pine wood stock cutting in wooden pallet industry demonstrates the benefit of using the approach in terms of reducing production cost and carbon emission. The results show that waste can be reduced up to 70.86% resulting in a cost reduction of 977,352 Baht/year. The amount of carbon dioxide equivalent emitted from the life cycle of pine wood is reduced by 22,713 kg CO2-e/year or approximately 5.32% reduction.
Chipping Detection in Ceramic Insert during Turning by Analysis of Workpiece Surface Profile Using Cross-Correlation
Authors: Mohamad N A , Ratnam M M
Published: July 2019

Chipping in ceramic cutting inserts during machining can cause detrimental effects on the surface finish quality of the workpiece. Current methods of detecting chipping in ceramic inserts do not compare the minute changes in the workpiece profile in subsequent machining passes. In this work, an effective method of detecting chipping in ceramic inserts by analysing the workpiece surface profile using cross-correlation is proposed. In this method, the sub-pixel edge location method was used to extract the surface profile captured using a digital camera. Surface profiles corresponding to subsequent machining passes were cross-correlated at three different sections of the workpiece. An abrupt drop in the correlation coefficient was observed in the middle and end sections of the workpiece after the fifth machining pass, thus providing a reliable measure of tool chipping.
Effect of Machining Parameters on the Surface Roughness for Different Type of Materials
Authors: Ghazali M H M , Mazlan A Z A , Wei L M , Tying C T , Sze T S , Jamil N I M
Published: July 2019

Surface roughness (Ra
) is an important parameter in determining the quality of surface finishing of any products obtained from the machining process. Surface roughness can be affected by several factors such as machining parameters, workpiece material properties, cutting tool parameters and machine tool conditions. In this study, the effects of machining parameters such as feed rate and cutting speed on the surface roughness was investigated for aluminium, mild steel and brass materials during the turning process using CNC Lathe machine. The experimental Ra values obtained were compared with the theoretical values with discrepancy ranging from 1.14 % to 113.71 %. From the study, it can be concluded that the surface roughness of materials will increases as the feed rate increases and decrease when higher cutting speed is applied.
Study on Effect of Tool Nose Radius Wear on Hybrid Roughness Parameters during Turning Using Vision-Based Approach
Authors: Kumar B M , Ratnam M M
Published: July 2019

In the past, most researchers have investigated the effect of tool flank wear on the average roughness parameter (Ra) during turning. The Ra
parameter, however, is sensitive only to the height variations of the machined workiece profile and is insensitive to the spatial changes to the profile caused by gradual increase in tool wear. In this work, a non-contact vision-based method was used to investigate the effect of tool nose radius wear on the hybrid surface roughness parameters during finish turning. The roughness profile of the workpiece surface diametrically opposite the cutting tool was captured during turning of AISI 1035 steel using a digital camera. A high shutter speed (1/4000 s) was used to freeze the motion of the rotating spindle and obtain a blur-free image of the workpiece. The edge of the workpiece profile was extracted to sub-pixel accuracy using the grey level invariant moment method. The hybrid surface roughness parameters were determined from the workpiece profile. The effect on increased nose wear area on these parameters were investigated. Among these roughness parameters the mean wavelength (Rλa) parameter showed the best correlation with tool nose radius wear with coefficients of determination of 0.9734.
Effect of Rake Angle and Feed Rate on Chip Segmentation in Machining Carbon Steel 1050
Authors: Zamri M F , Yusoff A R
Published: July 2019

A chip breaker plays an essential role for chip breaking as well as to enhance productivity and quality during the turning process. However, chip break as a tool is not able to break the chip and formulate continuous chip, that in turn, causes the tool to wear and the generate excessive heat. These affect the quality of the machined surface. Chip formation is influenced by cutting conditions and tool geometries such as spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and rake angle. In this study, experiments were carried out on carbon steel 1050 with chip breaker at a constant cutting speed of 275 m/mm with a depth of cut 0.9 mm. The effect of different feed rate and rake angle towards chip length formation were also investigated in the present investigation. The results obtained from the study indicates that segmented chips could be obtained at a feed rate of 0.4 mm/rev and a rake angle of -9°. Therefore, it could be concluded that the feed rate and rake angle can play a significant role in the formation of the segmented chip through the use of a chip breaker to enhance the productivity and quality in the machining process.
Finite Volume Method Study on Contact Line Jump Phenomena and Dynamic Contact Angle of Underfill Flow in Flip-Chip of Various Bump Pitches
Authors: Ng F C , Abas A , Abdullah M Z
Published: July 2019

Three distinct flip-chip underfill cases were considered in this work, with each possess a bump pitch of 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm. Contact line jump (CLJ) phenomenon during the underfill flow were successfully visualized with the aided of finite volume method (FVM) based simulation. The current simulated underfill flow fronts were qualitatively validated with the existing experimental data. Generally, the attachment process occurs much faster than the detachment process, by a factor of 14. Within the investigated pitches range, shorter bump pitch would yield a slower underfill flow but a faster-completion underfill process. The voiding mechanism during the underfill process were presented. Furthermore, the dynamic contact angle of underfill meniscus were analytically computed from the numerical data. The contact angle is found to be varies sinusoidally with the filling time, while the impact of bump pitch is minimal. Lastly, it is found that the bump pitch of flip-chip does affect the void formation and propagation.
Numerical Investigation of Continuous Damping of The Semi-Active Suspension System for Passenger Car
Authors: Ahmed M R , Yusoff A R , Romlay F R M
Published: July 2019

The suspension of the car is considered an important element in the vehicle. The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle structure from shocks and vibration due to irregularities of the road surface. There are two main objectives need to be satisfied which are: ride comfort and road handling. Ride comfort is inversely proportional to the absolute acceleration of the vehicle body, while the road handling is linked to the relative displacement between the vehicle body and the tires. This paper presented an attempted to enhance the performance of the shock absorber by developing a model of continuously variable damping (CVD). To evaluate the effect of the developed semi-active shock absorber on the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle, the model was analyzed and compared with the passive and On/Off sky-hook control strategy in the quarter car using two different types of road (random excitation, bumpy) as input to the quarter car model. Force hysteresis loop with different sets of orifice diameter was generated. The result indicates the CVD shows a reduction in both body acceleration and vertical displacement contrasting with passive and On/Off sky-hook 73.4% and 53.8% respectively and also the selling time by 79% and 59% for a bumpy road. This considered an improvement toward the ride comfort and vehicle stability. The simulated results for the quarter car model are shows similar trends and within range when compared with reference research.paper.
Pre-Forming Inspection System to Detect Deep Drawing Defect Due to Punch-Die Misalignment using Image Processing Technique
Authors: Ghafar A A , Abdullah A B
Published: July 2019

Deep drawing processes are extensively used in the industry for the fabrication of a wide range of sheet metal products from household appliances to automotive parts. In a deep drawing process, the alignment of the punch and die is extremely important to avoid defects such as variation of thickness and intolerable thinning condition of the drawn part. In this paper, a computer vision system is proposed that is able to identify the degree of misalignment in the punch-die configuration. The apparatus consists of an image capture and analysis system that can be used as a tool for pre-forming inspection setup. The image analysis implements the centroid recognition approach using the Image Processing Toolbox function in MATLAB. The offset value between centre of the punch and the centre of die indicates the severity of misalignment between punch and die. The system was successfully tested for a square profile, with more accurate results obtained for a colored punch as compared to the punch with the original metallic surface. Verification of the system was then conducted to align the centroids of a punch and die, and the results show that a good alignment of the centroids was achieved within two alignment attempts.
Thermo-Mechanical Simulation of Temperature Distribution and Prediction of Heat-Affected Zone Size in MIG Welding Process on Aluminium Alloy EN AW 6082-T6
Authors: Samad Z , Nor N M , Fauzi E R I
Published: July 2019

Welding process is considered as a thermal-mechanical-metallurgical coupled problem. In this study, finite element method (FEM) is adopted for predicting the temperature history in Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding of 5mm thick aluminium 6082 alloy. The Goldak’s double ellipsoidal moving heat source model was used to analyse the influence of peak temperature to the radial distance from the center of the heat source and the thickness of the plate. Temperature-dependent thermal properties of aluminium alloy 6082 in T6 condition and the convective and radiative boundary conditions were included in the model. The finite element code, ANSYS along with APDL command subroutines was employed to obtain the numerical results. The effect of heat input and welding speed on the weld pool shape and temperature distribution were investigated. Finally, the predicted temperature distribution and the size of heat-affected zone were compared with the experimental results. The comparison shows that they are in good agreement.