bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Novel Recrosslinkable Hyperbranched Preformed Particle Gel for the Conformance Control of High-Temperature Reservoirs with Fractures
Authors: Song Tao , Ahdaya Mohamed , Zhao Shuda , Zhao Yang , Schuman Thomas , Bai Baojun
Published: May 2022

The existence of high conductivity features such as fractures, karst zones, and void space conduits can severely restrict the sweep efficiency of waterflooding or polymer flooding. Preformed particle gel (PPG), as a cost-effective technology, has been applied to control excessive water production. However, conventional PPG has limited plugging efficiency in high-temperature reservoirs with large fractures or void space conduits. After water breakthrough, gel particles can easily be washed out from the fractures because of the lack of particle-particle association and particle-rock adhesion. This paper presents a comprehensive laboratory evaluation of a novel water-swellable high-temperature resistant hyperbranched recrosslinkable PPG (HT-BRPPG) designed for North Sea high-temperature sandstone reservoirs (130°C), which can recrosslink to form a rubber-like bulk gel to plug such high conductivity features. This paper systematically evaluated the swelling kinetics, long-term thermal stability, and plugging performance of the HT-BRPPG. Bottle tests were used to test the swelling kinetic and recrosslinking behavior. High-pressure-resistant glass tubes were used to test the long-term thermal stability of the HT-BRPPG at different temperatures, and the testing lasted for more than 1 year. The plugging efficiency was evaluated by using a fractured model. Results showed that this novel HT-BRPPG could recrosslink and form a rubber-like bulky gel with temperature ranges from 80 to 130°C. The elastic modulus of the recrosslinked gel can reach up to 830 Pa with a swelling ratio (SR) of 10. In addition, the HT-BRPPG with an SR of 10 has been stable for over 15 months at 130°C. The core flooding test proved that the HT-BRPPG could efficiently plug the open fractures, and the breakthrough pressure is 388 psi/ft. Therefore, this novel HT-BRPPG could provide a solution to improve the conformance of high-temperature reservoirs with large fractures or void space conduits.
The relationship between degeneration and asymmetry of the lumbar multifidus and erector spinae muscles in patients with lumbar disc herniation with and without root compression
Authors: Yazici Alikemal , Yerlikaya Tuba
Published: May 2022

Background: Determination of muscle pathologies in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and other cases with low back pain is important for the understanding of low back problems and the determination of appropriate treatment methods. The aim of the current study was to compare degeneration and asymmetry of the lumbar musculus multifidus (MF) and lumbar musculus erector spinae (ES) muscles with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with lumbar discopathy with and without radiculopathy and to predict the importance of removal of root compression in patients with radiculopathy by revealing whether root compression has an effect on the severity of muscle degeneration.Methods: The patients were examined in 2 groups as 56 patients with lumbar discopathy and no radiculopathy (Non-rad group) and 51 patients with lumbar discopathy and radiculopathy (Rad group). On axial MRI slices passing the centre of the disc at L3-S1 level, the asymmetry, CSA, fat infiltration, and total CSA (TCSA=MF+ES) of the MF and ES muscles were measured and compared. Results: No difference was seen between the groups in respect of the CSA values of the right and left MF and left ES, and a significant difference was determined in the right ES CSA (p=0.021). The CSA and TCSA of the MF and ES showed no asymmetry according to the groups. Severe fat infiltration of >50% was determined in the Rad group at a higher rate than in the Non-rad group in the right and left MF and left ES. Fat infiltration was determined to be significantly correlated with age, body mass index, and duration of pain (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.004).Conclusions: The study results showed a correlation between LDH and paraspinal muscle degeneration, while no correlation was determined with asymmetry. It can be considered that severe (>50%) fat infiltration is associated with nerve root compression, originating from the development of more severe degeneration because of the denervation associated with the compression. Therefore, it can be recommended that immediate correction of nerve root compression with appropriate medical treatment methods to stop and correct denervation is applied, and in non-responsive cases, surgical elimination of the pressure.
Position Control of lower exoskeleton Rehabilitation system Based on an Optimized FADRC Controller
Authors: alawad nasir , HUMAIDI AMJAD , ALARAJI AHMED
Published: May 2022

A rehabilitation exoskeleton with physiotherapists in their everyday using routine is gradually becoming the normal case. The Active Disturbance Rejection Controller (ADRC) is used in this article to control the proper execution of fundamental limb rehabilitation trainings. The experiment is carried out on a flexible single joint exoskeleton model, whose behavior is similar to that of a real robotic rehabilitation equipment. In this study, we used two ADRC configurations and compared their robustness to external and internal disturbances with uncertainty in system parameters, these classical or linear (LADRC) and optimized fractional ADRC (FADRC). According to the root mean square error (R.M.S.E) as a performance index tool, the results reveal that (FADRC) appears to be better than (LADRC).Matlab and the Simulink tools were used to create all simulation results.
Clinical Ethics Consultations: A Scoping Review of Reported Outcomes
Authors: Bell Jennifer A.H. , Salis Marina , Tong Eryn , Nekolaichuk Erica , Barned Claudia , Bianchi Andria , Buchman Daniel Z. , Rodrigues Kevin , Shanker Ruby R. , Heesters Ann M.
Published: May 2022

Background: Clinical ethics consultations (CEC) can be complex interventions, involving multiple methods, stakeholders, and competing ethical values. Despite longstanding calls for rigorous evaluation in the field, progress has been limited. The Medical Research Council (MRC) proposed guidelines for evaluating the effectiveness of complex interventions. The evaluation of CEC may benefit from application of the MRC framework to advance the transparency and methodological rigor of this field. A first step is to understand the outcomes measured in evaluations of CEC in healthcare settings. Objective: The primary objective of this review was to identify and map the outcomes reported in primary studies of CEC. The secondary objective was to provide a comprehensive overview of CEC structures, processes, and roles to enhance understanding and to inform standardization.Methods: We searched electronic databases to identify primary studies of CEC involving patients, substitute decision-makers and/or family members, clinicians, healthcare staff and leaders. Outcomes were mapped across six conceptual domains as identified a priori, and were based on our clinical ethics experience and preliminary literature searches. These domains included personal factors, process factors, healthcare utilization, clinical factors, quality, and economic factors.Results: Forty-eight studies were included in the review. Studies were highly heterogeneous and varied considerably regarding format and process of ethical intervention, credentials of interventionist, population of study, outcomes reported, and measures employed. In addition, few studies used validated measurement tools. The top three outcome domains that studies reported on were quality (n=31), process factors (n=23), and clinical factors (n=16). The majority of studies examined multiple outcome domains. All six outcome domains were multidimensional and included a variety of subthemes.Conclusions: This scoping review represents the initial phase of mapping the outcomes reported in primary studies of CEC and identifying gaps in the evidence. The confirmed lack of standardization represents a hindrance to the provision of high quality intervention and CEC scientific progress. Insights gained can inform the development of a core outcome set to standardize outcome measures in CEC evaluation research and enable scientifically rigorous efficacy trials of CEC.
Modeling early changes associated with cartilage trauma into human-cell-laden hydrogel cartilage models
Authors: He Chunrong , Clark Karen L. , Tan Jian , Zhou Hecheng , Tuan Rocky S. , Lin Hang , Wu Song , Alexander Peter G.
Published: May 2022

BackgroundTraumatic impacts to the articular joint surface are known to lead to degeneration of the cartilage, as in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). While animal-based systems have been instrumental in understanding pathogenic progression of PTOA, they have not served to develop effective treatments for the disease. The limited progress in the development of disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) may be due to insufficient mechanistic understanding of human disease onset/progression that can, in part, be attributed to insufficient in vitro models for disease and therapeutic modeling. To overcome this insufficiency, we are testing hydrogel-based models using adult human mesenchymal stromal cells to examine the effects of traumatic impacts on human cell-based engineered cartilage constructs. We hypothesize that cells encapsulated within biomimetic scaffolds will respond to traumatic impacts in a manner congruent with early PTOA pathogenesis in animal models.MethodsEngineered cartilage constructs were fabricated by encapsulating adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in a photocrosslinkable, biomimetic hydrogel (15% methacrylated gelatin, GelMA) that were chondrogenically differentiated for 28 days using TGF-b3. Constructs were subjected to traumatic impacts with different strains or 10 ng/ml IL-1b. Cell viability and metabolism, mechanical property, gene expression, matrix protein production and activation of catabolic enzymes were assessed.ResultsLive and dead staining results showed that traumatic impacts of 30% strain caused massive cell death in engineered cartilage constructs. Elastic modulus of engineered cartilage constructs decreased significantly after traumatic impacts. CCK8 assay results also showed significant cell death and metabolism decrease in the constructs. GAG production decreased 1 day after impacts but recovered 7 days after impact, as was also observed in safranin O staining and GAG assay. RT-PCR results and IHC results showed that anabolic activities were depressed and catabolic enzymes (MMP13, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5) were activated after impact. ConclusionTraumatic impacts delivered to engineered cartilage constructs induced PTOA-like changes in the encapsulated cells. The development of this in vitro PTOA model will contribute to development of DMOADs in the future.
Application of Geospatial Technology for Efficient Water Distribution Network in Undulating Terrains of Enugu urban, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ugwuoti Amos Iloabuchi , Ojinnaka Oliver C , Ibem Eziyi O , Uzodinma Victus N
Published: May 2022

Rapid urbanization has continued to exacerbate pipe borne water supply challenges in many urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. Hence, innovative systems and strategies are needed to support effective planning of surface and underground facilities for efficient water distribution network in this region. This research is aimed at using geospatial technology to develop an efficient water distribution network for urban areas with undulating terrain using Enugu, southeast Nigeria as a case study. Data sourced from physical observations and maps of the existing water distribution network, location of the reservoirs and booster points, and settlement pattern of Enugu revealed that the existing water distribution network was inconsistent with terrain configuration of the city and lacked provisions for future expansion. Consequently, in developing a new water distribution network, evaluation of the terrain of the city from spot heights dataset extracted from LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Satellite image was done. Based on the data obtained, the city was divided into 12 water distribution zones, with reservoirs sited at points of highest elevation to allow pipe borne water reticulation by gravity using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. A combination of radial and dead-end water distribution standard systems was applied in the production of water distribution network map for Enugu urban with provisions made for future expansions. The efficiency of this distribution network was tested and confirmed to be suitable with United State’s Environmental Protection Agency domain software EPANET for water distribution model; and thus recommended for adoption in Enugu and other cities with undulating topography and water distribution challenges.
Nutrition-related Diseases and Cardiovascular Mortality in American Society: National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1999-2006
Authors: Chen Weihua , Shi Shanshan , Tu Jiabin , Liao Lihua , Liao Ying , Chen Kaihong , Chen Liling , Huang Rongchong
Published: May 2022

Background: Despite many significant advances in treatment and management, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main cause of the global disease burden. Nutrition-related disease is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. However, few studies have examined the relationship between nutrition-related diseases and cardiovascular mortality in community populations. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association of nutrition-related diseases with cardiovascular mortality based on a large nationally representative community population.Design: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 with mortality follow-up through December 31, 2015. Finally, 12,529 participants were analyzed. Each participant was assigned to one of four groups: normal nutrition without sarcopenia, sarcopenia with normal nutrition, malnutrition without sarcopenia, and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome. Survival curves and Cox regressions based on the NHANES recommended weights were used to assess the association between nutrition-related diseases and cardiovascular mortality.Results: Of the 12,529 patients included in the study and divided into four groups, malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome had the highest 5- and 10-year cardiovascular mortality rates (17 of 318, 5.4%; 33 of 318, 10.4%). After adjustment for related factors, sarcopenia with normal nutrition (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.35−2.09; P < 0.001), malnutrition without sarcopenia (HR: 1.48, 95% CI:1.18−1.84; P < 0.001), and malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome (HR: 2.41, 95% CI:1.63−3.56; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome remained associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR: 3.69, 95% CI: 1.92−7.23; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome was highly prevalent among community-dwelling adults in the United States and was a strong prognostic factor for cardiovascular mortality in the community setting. Randomized clinical trials are needed to demonstrate whether prevention or treatment of malnutrition-sarcopenia syndrome in community populations can reduce global cardiovascular mortality.
Diversity of hemodynamic types in connective tissue disease associated pulmonary hypertension: more than a subgroup of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Dong Xingbei , Shi Yue , Xia Ying , Zhang Xiao , Qian Junyan , Zhao Jiuliang , Peng Jinmin , Wang Qian , Weng Li , Li Mengtao , Du Bin , Zeng Xiaofeng
Published: May 2022

Objective: Connective tissue disease associated pulmonary hypertension (CTD-PH) is classified as a subgroup of WHO group 1 PH, also called pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, not all CTD-PH fit hemodynamic definition of PAH. This study investigates the diversity of hemodynamic types of CTD-PH, their differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes. Method: We performed a retrospective cohort study. CTD-PH patients were enrolled and divided into WHO group1 PH, WHO group 2 PH and hyperdynamic PH (mPAP>20mmHg, PVR<3WU, PAWP<15mmHg) according to hemodynamics obtained by right heart catheterization. Patients with severe lung diseases, left heart disease, pulmonary embolism, and hepatic cirrhosis were excluded. Baseline characteristics, autoantibodies, cardiac function, echocardiogram parameters, hemodynamics and survival rates were compared. Result: A total of 207 CTD-PH patients were included, 139 in WHO group 1 PH, 36 in WHO group 2 PH and 32 in hyperdynamic PH. We found hyperdynamic PH is less severe, presenting lower NT-proBNP level, better WHO function class, lower mPAP and PVR, higher cardiac output, and less cardiac remodeling. Incidence of anti-RNP was significantly lower in patients with elevated PAWP. Short-term survival was worse in WHO group 2 PH, yet 5-year survival rates didn’t differ between groups. Conclusion: Considering diversity in hemodynamic types, CTD-PH is more than a subgroup of PAH. Different types of CTD-PH present different clinical phenotypes and outcome. Phenotyping PH in CTD-PH patients is important
Development of UPP Nanoparticles reinforced Zn-ZnO-MgO Composite Coating for Corrosion-resistance, Hardness and Microstructure Properties Enhancement of Mild Steel for Advanced Applications
Authors: Fayomi Ojo Sunday Isaac , Akande Itopa Godwin , Akpan Bassey Jonah
Published: May 2022

The numerous industrial application of mild steel despite its susceptibility to degradation on exposure to the environment has called for the continuous search for materials that can protect its surface from contaminants which could affect its inherent properties. This paper therefore examined the corrosion-resistance, hardness and microstructure properties of unripe plantain peel (UPP) nanoparticles reinforced Zn-ZnO-MgO composite coatings deposited on the surface of mild steel. The corrosion properties of the coated steel samples were investigated using the potentiodynamic polarization technique, utilizing simulated seawater (3.65% NaCl solution) as the test medium. The hardness of the coated steel samples was studied using the Brinell hardness method, while the microstructure properties were investigated using XRD and SEM/EDS. The as-received mild steel sample was observed to exhibit a hardness value and corrosion rate of 136.8 kgf/mm2 and 8.6272 mm/year, respectively, while the Zn-10ZnO-10MgO coated mild steel sample exhibited a hardness value and corrosion rate of 246.5 and 1.7698 mm/year, respectively. Relative to the other samples, the Zn-10ZnO-10MgO-6UPP coated mild steel (sample coated with 10 g/L of ZnO, 10 g/L of MgO and 6 g/L of UPP) exhibited a highest hardness value and lowest corrosion rate of 254.8 kgf/mm2 and 0.6645 mm/year, respectively. These corrosion rate and hardness values of the Zn-10ZnO-10MgO-6UPP coated mild steel sample showed that the unripe plantain peel nanoparticles further enhanced the strengthening and passivating ability of Zn-ZnO-MgO-UPP coating. The SEM micrographs revealed that the Zn-ZnO-MgO-UPP coating possessed a more refined microstructure relative to the Zn-ZnO-MgO coating, signifying the grain refining ability of the unripe plantain peel nanoparticles. The EDS additionally indicated the occurrence of crucial and dispersion strengthening elements in the coatings. The XRD profile of the coatings exhibited high intensities, which signified that the coatings have high stability, good texture with microstructural and chemical homogeneity.
Greater muscle fat infiltrate in the cervical spine extensor muscles in individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain compared to matched asymptomatic controls: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Snodgrass Suzanne J , Stanwell Peter , II Kenneth A. Weber , Shepherd Samala , Kennedy Olivia , Thompson Hannah J , Elliott James M
Published: May 2022

Muscle composition (muscle volume and muscle fat infiltrate [MFI]) may provide insight into possible mechanisms underpinning chronic idiopathic neck pain, a common condition with no definitive underlying pathology. In individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain > 3 months and age- and sex-matched asymptomatic controls, muscle volumes of levator scapulae, multifidus (including semispinalis cervicis), semispinalis, splenius capitis (including splenius cervicis), sternocleidomastoid and longus colli from C3 through T1 were quantified from magnetic resonance imaging, with between-group differences determined using linear mixed models, accounting for side (left or right), muscle, spinal level, sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Individuals with pain had greater muscle volume (mean difference 76.8mm3; 95% CI 26.6–127.0; p = .003) and MFI (2.3%; 0.2–4.5; p = .034) of the multifidus compared to matched controls with no differences in relative volume, accounting for factors associated with the outcomes: muscle, spinal level, side (left had smaller volume, relative volume and MFI than right), sex (females had less volume and relative volume than males, age (older age associated with less relative volume and greater MFI), and BMI (higher BMI associated with greater muscle volume and MFI). Greater MFI in individuals with chronic idiopathic neck pain suggests a possible underlying mechanism contributing to neck pain. Perspective: These findings suggest MFI in the multifidus may be radiologic sign, potentially identifying patients with a less favourable prognosis. Future studies are needed to determine if MFI is a contributor to the development or persistence of neck pain, or consequence of neck pain.
A bibliometric analysis of prognostic studies in rheumatoid arthritis from 2000 to 2021
Authors: Yao Yuxin , Fan Zhijun , Cui Lei , Liao Ruobing , Chen Yulan , Fu Lingyu
Published: May 2022

Objective
A bibliometric analysis of the current status and hotspots in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) research was conducted using prognostic studies from various countries, institutions, and individuals throughout the world.
Methods
Data from 2000 to 2021 were collected from the Web of Science core collection. Bibliographic co-occurrence analysis system (BICOMB) software was used for bibliometric analysis, VOS viewer software was used for visualization of the studies on the RA-prognostic channel. The published papers were analyzed in terms of numbers, document type, journal, references cited, authors, high-frequency words, and research.
Results
A total of 2759 papers were included. The field of RA prognosis appears to be in a stable stage, with material published in core European and American journals by core researchers and teams. The most cited references were the “The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis” (Citations = 296), while Dr Smolen was the most productive author with 38 papers and 606 citations. Collaborations between institutions occurred more frequently within countries, while international collaborations were most frequent with United States-based institutions (total link strength = 1427). The top four research frontiers were "evaluation methodology", " Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs(DMARDs)", "diagnostic criteria", and "management standard".
Conclusion
The annual scientific output on RA prognosis has grown steadily throughout the world. However, there is still a gap between China and western nations in terms of articles of high quality. It is suggested that Chinese researchers should focus on research quality, collaborations between institutions both domestically and internationally, and follow scientific and technical trends in the field.
Extending VBHC to population-based healthcare systems: defining a segmentation model, outcome goals and steering mechanisms
Authors: Torkki Paulus Mikael , Leskelä Riikka-Leena , Mustonen Pirjo , Linna Miika , Lillrank Paul Martin
Published: May 2022

Background: Value-based healthcare (VBHC) is considered the most promising guiding principle for a new generation of health service production. Many countries have attempted to apply VBHC to managerial and clinical decision-making. However, implementation remains in its infancy and varies between countries. The objective of the study is to help health systems in implementing a value-based approach by building a value-based population segmentation model for Health Authorities (HA).Materials and Methods: First, we define the principles according to which segmentation models in healthcare could be developed. Second, we merge the theoretical characteristics of VBHC with population segmentation dimensions identified in previous literature and design a flow model that establishes population segments from these combinations. We then estimate the size of the segments based on national register data. Finally, we describe how the segmentation model we developed can be used by an HA to steer healthcare service production.Results: The population can be divided into ten different segments based on relevant outcomes, goals, and the outcome measurement logic. These segments consist of healthy, help, increased risk, mild curable without risk, mild curable with risk, severe curable without risk, severe curable with risk, single chronic, multimorbid, and terminal. The representatives of Finnish HAs found the segments meaningful for evaluating and managing the healthcare system towards improved population health. The HA can use the outcome information for the segments to steer the service providers towards the outcome goals.Conclusions: A value-based segmentation model for the entire population is needed if a HA wants to steer the healthcare system employing the principles of VBHC. Segmentation should be based on the outcome measurement logic and outcome measurements relevant to each segment and the number of segments has to be limited to get a comprehensive understanding of the whole population.
Variation in the growth and toxin production of Gymnodinium catenatum under different laboratory conditions
Authors: Shi Jingyuan , Liu Yun , Gu Haifeng , Li Caiwen
Published: May 2022

The chain-forming dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum is the only known gymnodinioid dinoflagellate that produces paralytic shellfish toxins (PST). Dense blooms caused by the dinoflagellate have been frequently reported in coastal waters of Fujian, China since 2017. While there is still limited understanding of the major physiological characteristics of G. catenatum isolated from Fujian coastal waters, the growth and toxin production of the G. catenatum strain were examined in batch cultures with different levels of irradiance, temperature, salinity, nitrate, and phosphate conditions. The results indicated that the highest maximum cell density of the strain was achieved at 70 µmol m− 2 s− 1, with the highest growth rate at 120 µmol m− 2 s− 1. The strain grew well within the temperature range of 15–30°C, with maximum growth rate and cell density achieved at 20°C. The dinoflagellate also showed higher tolerance to salinity variation (20–40), with the highest growth rate at salinity 25. Meanwhile, G. catenatum showed higher demand for nitrogen and phosphorus as indicated by its higher half saturation constant. Decrease in nitrate and phosphate greatly inhibited the growth of G. catenatum. The toxin profile of the G. catenatum strain was conservative and dominated mainly by the N-sulfcarbamoyl C-toxins (> 95%), indicating its hypotoxicity. The cellular toxicity increased with the algal growth, with the highest cellular toxicity observed at the stationary growth phase. The cellular toxicity of G. catenatum also responded to environmental variations including lower temperature (15°C), lower salinity (20), nitrate-repletion, and phosphate-depletion conditions which enhanced the cellular toxicity, while irradiance exerted non-significant influence. The present study depicted the physiological characteristics of the particular G. catenatum strain and provided valuable insight on the ecophysiology of G. catenatum in natural coastal waters.
Development of Fast and Precise Scan Mirror Mechanism for an Airborne Solar Telescope
Authors: Oba Takayoshi , Shimizu Toshifumi , Katsukawa Yukio , Kubo Masahito , Kawabata Yusuke , Hara Hirohisa , Uraguchi Fumihiro , Tsuzuki Toshihiro , Tamura Tomonori , Shinoda Kazuya , Kodeki Kazuhide , Fukushima Kazuhiko , Fernandez Jose Miguel Morales , Gomez Antonio Sanchez , Jimenez Maria Balaguer , Exposito David Hernandez , Gandorfer Achim
Published: May 2022

We developed a scan mirror mechanism (SMM) that enable a slit-based spectrometer or spectropolarimeter to precisely and quickly map an astronomical object. The SMM, designed to be installed in the optical path preceding the entrance slit, tilts a folding mirror and then moves the reflected image laterally on the slit plane, thereby feeding a different one-dimensional image to be dispersed by the spectroscopic equipment. In general, the SMM is required to scan quickly and broadly while precisely placing the slit position across the field-of-view (FOV). These performances are highly in demand for near-future observations, such as studies on the magnetohydrodynamics of the photosphere and the chromosphere. Our SMM implements a closed-loop control system by installing electromagnetic actuators and gap-based capacitance sensors. Our optical test measurements confirmed that the SMM fulfils the following performance criteria: i) supreme scan-step uniformity (linearity of 0.08%) across the wide scan range (±1005"), ii) high stability (3σ = 0.1"), where the angles are expressed in mechanical angle, and iii) fast stepping speed (26ms). The excellent capability of the SMM will be demonstrated soon in actual use by installing the mechanism for a near-infrared spectropolarimeter onboard the balloon-borne solar observatory for the third launch, Sunrise III.
Non-invasive MR thermometry monitoring in plasmonic photothermal therapy using gold nanorods
Authors: Yang Seung-Hyun , Jeong Kiyoung , Yang Jaemoon , Son Hye Young , Suh Jin-Suck , Huh Yong-Min , Oh Seung Jae
Published: May 2022

This study used magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry to investigate the temperature increases and thermal diffusion that occur during plasmonic photothermal therapy (PTT) with gold nanorods (GNRs). An artificial tumor phantom made of agarose gel containing GNRs was heated by irradiation with an 808 nm laser. The MR thermometer visualized the conditions: a well-localized temperature distribution with suppressed thermal diffusion that depended on laser power and irradiation time. A tumor phantom model was implanted in mice, and MR thermometry evaluated the temperature change in the presence and absence of GNRs and the thermal diffusion into the surrounding tissues. That experiment showed that MR thermometry can be a useful tool for monitoring PTT. These results suggest that MR temperature measurement could help to establish ideal laser irradiation conditions in GNR-mediated PTT, and that it has great potential for visualizing local photothermal induction and evaluating therapeutic effects.
Evaluation of heavy metal pollution along Alamedin River in Bishkek/Kyrgyzstan using woody species, Populus nigra (black poplar) and Salix fragilis (crack willow)
Authors: Abdikaimova Tamara , Dogan Ilhan
Published: May 2022

Bishkek is the capital and the most populated city of Kyrgyzstan and home to small scale industrial plants. The city of Bishkek has started to suffer from a widespread pollution after showing a rapid industrial and economic development in recent years. In present work, woody species, Populus nigra (black poplar) and Salix fragilis (crack willow) chosen as study materials were used for monitoring research for the evaluation of heavy metal pollution. For the assessment of the rate of pollution in the region, the Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Pb and Zn contents of the parts of plants (leaves, stems and roots) and co-located soil samples collected from along Alamedin River passing through Bishkek were determined using ICP-OES. Our data showed that the levels of Cr, Fe, Ni and Pb were found to be above the allowable limits, especially in stations where located in the city in comparison with literature. This indicates that anthropogenic pressure in the city are getting being a serious problem.
Patient-Reported Outcomes following Cemented versus Cementless Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A comparative analysis based on propensity score matching
Authors: Ko Hyunkyu , Pelt Christopher E. , Martin Brook I. , Pellegrini Vincent D. , Lambourne The PEPPER Investigators
Published: May 2022

Background: Existing studies of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) based on fixation methods (cemented vs cementless) are limited to single centers with small sample sizes. Using data from the large, multicenter Comparative Effectiveness of Pulmonary Embolism Prevention After Hip and Knee Replacement (PEPPER) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02810704), we compared baseline and early post-operative global and condition-specific PROs between patients undergoing cemented versus cementless TKA.Methods: We examined prospectively collected pre- and post-operative (1, 3, and 6-months) outcomes in 5,961 patients undergoing primary TKA enrolled by 28 medical centers between 12/19/2016 and 8/31/2021. Outcomes included the short-form of the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-Jr.), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Health (PROMIS-PH), and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). To minimize selection bias, we performed a 1-to-1 propensity score matched analysis to assess relative pre- to post-operative change in outcomes within and between cemented and cementless TKA groups.Results: Propensity score matching provided balanced covariates between TKA groups. With greater than 90% follow-up, significant pre to- post-operative improvements were observed in both groups. At 6 months, the cemented TKA group achieved a 3.3 point (55% of the Minimum Clinically Important Difference) greater improvement in the mean KOOS-Jr. (95%CI: 0.36, 6.30; P=0.028) than did the cementless group with no significant between-group differences in PROMIS-PH and NPRS. Conclusions: In a large cohort of primary TKAs, patients with cemented fixation reported early incremental benefit in KOOS-Jr. over those with cementless TKA. Future studies are warranted to capture longer follow-up of PROs.
Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach of Lateral Velocity Profile Due to Curvature Effect on Floodplain Levee of Two-stage Meandering Channel
Authors: Rathor Shriya K , Mohanta Abinash , Patra K. C.
Published: May 2022

Rivers play an integral part in the sustenance of life on earth. Flooding in rivers hinders the everyday lifestyle of the people in that region. Therefore, river engineers need to understand the characteristics of rivers (both in-bank and overbank flow conditions) and mitigate flood impacts using this study. The channel’s sinuous nature causes erosion of its outer wall and silt deposition on its inner wall. These changes in the terrain make it vital to design the meandering compound channel. The floodplains act as storage for floods during high flows. Levees, both straight and meandering, can be constructed on both sides of the channel to guard the surrounding lands. For doubly meandering levee alignment, the momentum transfer between the main channel and the adjoining floodplains affects the velocity distribution across the channel cross-section. So, hydraulic engineers must investigate this complex flow phenomenon in the case of a doubly meandering compound channel. This study investigates the flow in meandering compound channels using numerical and physical modelling, both of which are important in understanding non-uniform flow and its behaviour. Flood management, sediment transport, riverbank protection, and other critical engineering problems can be solved with accurate velocity and boundary shear distribution predictions along the open channel's cross-section. As a result, a research is presented on the sharing of shear stress throughout the channel bed, as well as boundary and velocity over the cross section of the main channel and the floodplains of meandering compound channels. The authors attempt to include flow complexity by modifying measurable properties of a meandering compound channel, such as width ratio, aspect ratio, and hydraulic parameter, relative depth, all of which have a significant impact on the flow. The geometry of meandering compound channels, having straight as well as sinuous floodplain levees, is chosen for this study. Unlike the experimental models, numerical hydraulic models are remarkably economical. So, in this research, the numerical hydraulic model is adopted to determine the different flow characteristics of compound meandering channels. In this paper, a complete three-dimensional and two-phase Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the meandering compound channels is analyzed making use of the RNG K-ɛ turbulence model as we as Volume of Fluid (VOF) methodology. A comparison study between numerical results and experimental results are represent considering the two different experimental data of compound meandering channel having the main channel meandered with sinuosity (ratio of channel length to the down valley length) of 1.37 and were flanked by straight floodplains as well as meandered flood plains having sinuosity 1.06 on both sides. By error analysis, it is observed that the numerical results agree with that of the experimental ones.
Multifrequency-based sharpening of focal volume
Authors: Riis Tom , Kubanek Jan
Published: May 2022

Systems that emit electromagnetic or sonic waves for diagnostic or interventional applications are often limited by the size of their aperture, thus producing an elongated beam. Here, we have developed a method that substantially sharpens the depth of focus. The method superimposes a range of frequencies in space and time, and does not require labeling of targets or other manipulations of the medium. Using simulations, we found that the method sharpens the depth of focus even for systems with a narrow bandwidth. Moreover, we implemented the method in ultrasonic hardware and found that a ±23% frequency bandwidth provides an average 7.4-fold reduction in the focal volume of the resulting beams. This method can be readily applied to sharpen the focus of interventional systems and is expected to also improve the axial resolution of existing imaging systems.
The Determinants of Internet User Skills in Europe
Authors: Leogrande Angelo , Magaletti Nicola , Cosoli Gabriele , Giardinelli Vito , Massaro Alessandro
Published: May 2022

The following article indicates the determinants of “Internet User Skills” among European countries based on the application of the database deriving from the DESI-Index. The data were analyzed using the following econometric models, namely: Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS, WLS corrected for heteroskedasticity. The Elbow method and the Silouette coefficient method were compared for the optimization of the number of clusters obtained by the k-Means algorithm. The result shows the presence of 5 clusters. A network analysis was carried out using the Euclidean distance with the result of identifying two network structures between some analyzed countries. subsequently a comparison was made between six different machine learning algorithms for the prediction of the future value of the variable of interest. The result shows that the best predictor algorithm is Gradient Boosted Tree Regression with an expected value of the predicted variable increasing by a value of 1.75%. Later a further comparison was made by comparing 6 algorithms with the increased data. The result shows that the best predictor is Simple Regression Tree. The interest variable is predicted to decrease by an amount equal to -6.099%. Statistical errors improve on average by 32.43% in the transition between the original data and the increased data.JEL Classification: O30; O31, O32; O33; O36
The impact path of platform enterprise network information content responsibility based on fsQCA
Authors: Tian Zongtao
Published: May 2022

The multi-governance model of platform enterprise network information content responsibility needs government departments to actively guide the relevant social subjects to participate in the governance process, if the government does not understand the function condition of the social organization and the Netizen in the governance process, it is easy to lead to one-sidedly pursue the high participation level of them, and it is difficult to realize the maximum utility of the multi-governance model. This paper considers four parameters, which are the degree of social organization participation, the power space, the degree of netizens participation and the degree of reporting justice, research on the impact path of network information eco-responsibility behavior of platform enterprises by using qualitative comparative analysis of fuzzy sets. According to the logical analysis of Bourg's algebraic algorithm, the results show that the key factors that lead the platform enterprises to fulfill the responsibility of network information content are to improve the right space of social organizations, participation degree, participation degree of Internet users and the degree of reporting justice.
Oral - Systematic manifestation of Bardet- Biedl Syndrome: A rare case report from Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Chatterjee Dr Debopriya , Kapoor Dr. Anjali , Choudhary Dr Sanjeev , Sharma Dr Meenakshi
Published: May 2022

Bardet Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare, heterogenous, ciliopathic autosomal recessive condition, affecting multiple organs. Primary features include polydactyly, obesity, mental retardation, hypogonadism, retinopathy and renal failure. Dental anomalies is regarded as secondary features, include hypodontia, microdontia, short roots and deep palate. Less than 15 cases have been reported from India. This article reports a case of Bardet- Biedl Syndrome in a male with typical systemic and oral features. This case exemplifies the need of multidisciplinary approach.
A Pressure Cup Denture Pre-eminent to Oronasal Communication: A Case Report
Authors: Sardar Sardar singh yadav
Published: May 2022

: In this case report, we present a surgical closure of 62 years old women diagnosed with oronasal communication using posteriorly based palatal rotational flap. For obtaining the satisfactory outcomes for construction of complete denture with adequate retention in maxilla use of the suction cups is one of the technique. Palatal suction cups induce negative pressure on mucosal surface and provides the high retention excruciating to palatal perforation. An oronasal fistula is a pathologic epithelium-lined communication between the nasal and oral cavities. An obturator is placed to prevent from further infection. There are various methods of surgical closure depending on the size and destruction of tissues around the fistula. Palatal obturators are frequently used in the initial treatment of postoperative palatal fistulae to address the associated problems experienced with speech and swallowing.
Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Review
Authors: Trehan Mridula , Nidhi Agrawal  , Sunil Sharma  , Priyalakshmi Laishram
Published: May 2022

Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement is considered as one of the main concept in orthodontics for research. The duration of orthodontic treatment remains the primary concern for most of the patients. Increased treatment time leads to avoidance of orthodontic treatment. In the era of technology, many advances are made and newer techniques for accelerating orthodontic treatment have been introduced in order to reduce the length of treatment with minimal risk of side effects. The purpose of this article is to describe various methods used to accelerate the tooth movement orthodontically. The clinician should understand the biological rationale and potential effects of accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.
Endodontic management of Mandibular Premolar with Two Roots
Authors: Thanvi Charu , Jharwal Akansha , Sejra Anubha , Thanvi Gaurang
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Thorough knowledge about the anatomy and morphology of tooth root canal system is the key for successful outcome of endodontic treatment. False assumptions about the canal anatomy of teeth may lead to misdiagnosis, missed canals, improper debridement and breakage of instruments within the root canal during treatment and moreover the persistent pain to patient. Teeth often shows changes in their anatomy of the pulp chamber and root canal system which brings challenge to clinician. Mandibular first premolar shows very low incidence of variations in its root canal system. But for successful root canal treatment these variations had to be kept in mind and to take in consideration for proper cleaning and shaping.
Pouch and tunnel technique in conjunction with connective tissue graft-A Paramount for treating Miller’s class II gingival recession
Authors: Poonam Yadav Poonam Yadav
Published: May 2022

Introduction : Gingival recession is both unpleasant and unesthetic, therefore demanding esthetic correction. Pouch and Tunnel technique with CTG is a minimally invasive quick healing alternative for recession coverage effectively.

Objective : The objective of this case was to achieve complete root coverage of exposed root using pouch and tunnel technique with connective tissue graft for optimal patient compliance.

Methodology- After local anesthesia, at the recipient site sulcular incision was made, pouch and tunnel was created, any remaining collagen fibres, muscle fibres were cut. Papillae were kept intact. Connective tissue graft was harvested from palate area using a single incision technique, which was then inserted into recipient pouch and tunnel.

Sutures were placed to hold graft in position, the entire gingivo-papillary complex was then coronally positioned and sutured, periodontal pack was applied. To hold gingivo-papillary complex in coronal position, composite stops were made pre-surgically.

Result : The surgical site appeared normal without any trace of sloughing, healing progressed uneventfuly and the gingival recession was partially covered with satisfactory aesthetic result.

Conclusion : Pouch and Tunnel technique proved to be minimally invasive technique showing optimal root coverage with good patient compliance.
Verrucous carcinoma in association with oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Tyagi Mahima
Published: May 2022

ABSTRACT -Oral verrucous carcinoma is a form of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma characterized by exophytic over growth. It is slow growing and locally invasive tumor occurring in 6 th and 7 th decade of life. Smoking and chewing tobacco is found to be the most common etiological factor of verrucous carcinoma although oral leukoplakia may act as a predisposing factor. This is a rare case of oral verrucous Carcinoma seen in association with oral submucous fibrosis in a young adult patient with history of chewing gutkha and smoking.
Dentistry to Dermatology- A Rare Case of Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia
Authors: Joshi Chetna , Khare Vikram , Saleem Adeeba , Naren Supriya , Das Sukanya , Waghla Mehul
Published: May 2022

Jawbones have various properties that result from their peculiar embryonic development. Jawbones play a pivotal role in anchoring teeth. Any disturbance in their development leads to the pathology of the jaw and their surrounding structures. Since these pathologies develop from the jaw they have typical clinical radiographic and histologic features. The case report highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis which will lead to proper treatment and counselling of the patient.

This is a case report of 12 years old female patient who came to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with a chief complaint of caries. Later, on examination, the unusual swelling in the maxilla was noted with the patient being completely unaware and asymptomatic. On correlating various clinical radiographic and histologic features a rarest of rare concealed pathology of jaw bone was unshielded.