bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detecting and Evaluating Urban Clusters with Spatiotemporal Big Data
Authors: Tang Luliang , Gao Jie , Ren Chang , Zhang Xia , Yang Xue , Kan Zihan
Published: January 2019

The design of urban clusters has played an important role in urban planning, but realizing the construction of these urban plans is quite a long process. Hence, how the progress is evaluated is significant for urban managers in the process of urban construction. Traditional methods for detecting urban clusters are inaccurate since the raw data is generally collected from small sample questionnaires of resident trips rather than large-scale studies. Spatiotemporal big data provides a new lens for understanding urban clusters in a natural and fine-grained way. In this article, we propose a novel method for Detecting and Evaluating Urban Clusters (DEUC) with taxi trajectories and Sina Weibo check-in data. Firstly, DEUC applies an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method to detect urban clusters based on the similarities in the daily travel space of urban residents. Secondly, DEUC infers resident demands for land-use functions using a naïve Bayes’ theorem, and three indicators are adopted to assess the rationality of land-use functions in the detected clusters—namely, cross-regional travel index, commuting direction index, and fulfilled demand index. Thirdly, DEUC evaluates the progress of urban cluster construction by calculating a proposed conformance indicator. In the case study, we applied our method to detect and analyze urban clusters in Wuhan, China in the years 2009, 2014, and 2015. The results suggest the effectiveness of the proposed method, which can provide a scientific basis for urban construction.
Nanostructured Chemiresistive Gas Sensors for Medical Applications
Authors: Nasiri Noushin , Clarke Christian
Published: January 2019

Treating diseases at their earliest stages significantly increases the chance of survival while decreasing the cost of treatment. Therefore, compared to traditional blood testing methods it is the goal of medical diagnostics to deliver a technique that can rapidly predict and if required non-invasively monitor illnesses such as lung cancer, diabetes, melanoma and breast cancer at their very earliest stages, when the chance of recovery is significantly higher. To date human breath analysis is a promising candidate for fulfilling this need. Here, we highlight the latest key achievements on nanostructured chemiresistive sensors for disease diagnosis by human breath with focus on the multi-scale engineering of both composition and nano-micro scale morphology. We critically assess and compare state-of-the-art devices with the intention to provide direction for the next generation of chemiresistive nanostructured sensors.
Prospects of Photonic Crystal Fiber as Physical Sensor: An Overview
Authors: De Moutusi , Gangopadhyay Tarun Kumar , Singh Vinod Kumar
Published: January 2019

Photonic crystal fiber sensors have potential application in environmental monitoring, industry, biomedicine, food preservation, and many more. These sensors work based on advanced and flexible phototonic crystal fiber (PCF) structures, controlled light propagation for the measurement of amplitude, phase, polarization and wavelength of spectrum, and PCF-incorporated interferometry techniques. In this article various PCF-based physical sensors are summarized with the advancement of time based on reported works. Some physical PCF sensors are discussed based on solid core as well as hollow core structures, dual core fibers, liquid infiltrated structures, metal coated fibers, grating incorporated fibers. With the advancement of sensing technology the possibilities of temperature, pressure, strain, twist, curvature, electromagnetic field, and refractive index sensing are discussed. Also, limitations as well as possible solutions and future hopes are outlined.
Analysis of Disparity Information for Depth Extraction Using CMOS Image Sensor with Offset Pixel Aperture Technique
Authors: Choi Byoung-Soo , Lee Jimin , Kim Sang-Hwan , Chang Seunghyuk , Park JongHo , Lee Sang-Jin , Shin Jang-Kyoo
Published: January 2019

A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS), using offset pixel aperture (OPA) technique, was designed and fabricated using the 0.11-µm CIS process. In conventional cameras, an aperture is located on the camera lens. However, in a CIS camera using OPA technique, apertures are integrated as left-offset pixel apertures (LOPAs) and right-offset pixel apertures (ROPAs). A color pattern is built, comprising LOPA, blue, red, green, and ROPA pixels. The disparity information can be acquired from the LOPA and ROPA channels. Both disparity information and two-dimensional (2D) color information can be simultaneously acquired from the LOPA, blue, red, green, and ROPA channels. A geometric model of the OPA technique is constructed to estimate the disparity of the image, and the measurement results are compared with the estimated results. Depth extraction is thus achieved by a single CIS using the OPA technique, which can be easily adapted to commercial CIS cameras.
Collaborative Sensing with Interactive Learning using Dynamic Intelligent Virtual Sensors
Authors: Tegen Agnes , Davidsson Paul , Mihailescu Radu-Casian , Persson Jan A.
Published: January 2019

Although the availability of sensor data is becoming prevalent across many domains, it still remains a challenge to make sense of the sensor data in an efficient and effective manner in order to provide users with relevant services. The concept of virtual sensors provides a step towards this goal, however they are often used to denote homogeneous types of data, generally retrieved from a predetermined group of sensors. The DIVS (Dynamic Intelligent Virtual Sensors) concept was introduced in previous work to extend and generalize the notion of a virtual sensor to a dynamic setting with heterogenous sensors. This paper introduces a refined version of the DIVS concept by integrating an interactive machine learning mechanism, which enables the system to take input from both the user and the physical world. The paper empirically validates some of the properties of the DIVS concept. In particular, we are concerned with the distribution of different budget allocations for labelled data, as well as proactive labelling user strategies. We report on results suggesting that a relatively good accuracy can be achieved despite a limited budget in an environment with dynamic sensor availability, while proactive labeling ensures further improvements in performance.
Clustered Data Muling in the Internet of Things in Motion
Authors: Tuyishimire Emmanuel , Bagula Antoine , Ismail Adiel
Published: January 2019

This paper considers a case where an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is used to monitor an area of interest. The UAV is assisted by a Sensor Network (SN), which is deployed in the area such as a smart city or smart village. The area being monitored has a reasonable size and hence may contain many sensors for efficient and accurate data collection. In this case, it would be expensive for one UAV to visit all the sensors; hence the need to partition the ground network into an optimum number of clusters with the objective of having the UAV visit only cluster heads (fewer sensors). In such a setting, the sensor readings (sensor data) would be sent to cluster heads where they are collected by the UAV upon its arrival. This paper proposes a clustering scheme that optimizes not only the sensor network energy usage, but also the energy used by the UAV to cover the area of interest. The computation of the number of optimal clusters in a dense and uniformly-distributed sensor network is proposed to complement the k-means clustering algorithm when used as a network engineering technique in hybrid UAV/terrestrial networks. Furthermore, for general networks, an efficient clustering model that caters for both orphan nodes and multi-layer optimization is proposed and analyzed through simulations using the city of Cape Town in South Africa as a smart city hybrid network engineering use-case.
Hausdorff Distance Model-Based Identity Authentication for IP Circuits in Service-Centric Internet-of-Things Environment
Authors: Liang Wei , Huang Weihong , Chen Wuhui , Li Kuan-Ching , Li Keqin
Published: January 2019

Rapid advances in the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have exposed the underlying hardware devices to security threats. As the major component of hardware devices, the integrated circuit (IC) chip also suffers the threat of illegal, malicious attacks. To protect against attacks and vulnerabilities of a chip, a credible authentication is of fundamental importance. In this paper, we propose a Hausdorff distance-based method to authenticate the identity of IC chips in IoT environments, where the structure is analyzed, and the lookup table (LUT) resources are treated as a set of reconfigurable nodes in field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based IC design. Unused LUT resources are selected for insertion of the copyright information by using the depth-first search algorithm, and the random positions are reordered with the Hausdorff distance matching function next, so these positions are mapped to satisfy the specific constraints of the optimal watermark positions. If the authentication process is activated, virtual positions are mapped to the initial key file, yet the identity of the IC designed can be authenticated using the mapping relationship of the Hausdorff distance function. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good randomness and secrecy in watermark embedding, as well the extra resource overhead caused by watermarks are promising.
Exploring the Role of Emotion in the Relationship between Museum Image and Tourists’ Behavioral Intention: The Case of Three Museums in Xi’an
Authors: Xu Zhenshan , Zhang Hong , Zhang Chunhui , Xu Man , Dong Nan
Published: January 2019

As a crucial part of cultural tourism, museums can represent the cultural image of a destination. From the perspective of emotion, this study adopted structural equation modeling to examine the correlation between emotion, museum image, and behavioral intention of tourists. Additionally, the mediating effects of cognitive motivation (overall stratification) and emotional motivation (positive and negative emotion) on the paradigm of “museum image–behavioral intention” were compared and analyzed. This research was undertaken at three museums in Xi’an, China, with 893 valid questionnaires collected. The results showed that the image of the museum has a significant impact on tourists’ emotions and a significant positive impact on overall satisfaction and behavioral intention. Moreover, tourists’ emotions significantly influence the overall satisfaction and behavioral intention; they play different mediating effects between museum image and behavioral intention. Finally, managerial and theoretical implications were discussed.
Temporal Variation of the Wave Energy Flux in Hotspot Areas of the Black Sea
Authors: Akpınar Adem , Jafali Halid , Rusu Eugen
Published: January 2019

This paper aims to examine the temporal variation of wave energy flux in the hotspot areas of the Black Sea. For this purpose, a 31-year long-term wave dataset produced by using a three-layered nested modelling system was used. Temporal variations of wave energy were determined at hourly, monthly, seasonal, and yearly basis at seventeen stations. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the stations have very low fluctuations in mean wave power during the day. Mean wave power in the summer months shows a low difference between the stations, but in the winter months, there is a higher difference in wave power between the stations. This difference is more at the stations in the southwestern part of the Black Sea and much lower in the eastern Black Sea stations around Sinop, being in the middle of the southern coast of the Black Sea. In addition, it is concluded that mean wave energy flux presents a decreasing trend at all stations, but maximum wave power offers an increasing trend at most of the stations.
Designing with Pathways: A Spatial Design Approach for Adaptive and Sustainable Landscapes
Authors: Zandvoort Mark , Kooijmans Nora , Kirshen Paul , van den Brink Adri
Published: January 2019

Despite rising attention to pathways thinking in multiple domains such as climate adaptation, energy supply planning, and flood risk management, their spatial translation is so far understudied. We set out to study how spatial design based on pathways thinking can help develop more adaptive and sustainable landscapes. Using landscape analysis, field research, and research-through-designing in a case study on climate resilience in Boston (USA), we argue for better understanding of the spatial and design consequences of pathways in general. Our results indicate that pathways can be spatially translated, demanding landscape-informed choices when sequencing different policy actions. We found that spatial designing makes the landscape consequences of pathways transparent and enables policy-makers to replace the input of policy actions with spatial interventions, select pathways according to different underlying design strategies, use the mapped pathways to initiate an iterative research-through-designing process to test and inform different designs, and spatially visualize the pathways and possible sequences of actions. We conclude that policy-makers should be cognizant about the spatial implications of pathways and offer directions to enrich applications of pathways thinking for achieving adaptive and sustainable landscapes.
The Stakeholder Salience Model Revisited: Evidence from Agri-Food Cooperatives in Spain
Authors: Pedrosa Ortega Cristina , Hernández-Ortiz Mª Jesús , García Martí Elia , Vallejo Martos Manuel Carlos
Published: January 2019

In recent decades, the importance of cooperatives in agri-food markets has been evident. Specifically, in Spain they represent a very important part of the agri-food industry. However, there is no significant evidence of substantial differences in their management, different from the general business case. The main objective of this study is to examine how a certain organizational context influences manager decisions and perceptions. The purpose is studying whether this influence causes changes to the main conclusions of the stakeholder salience original model. The working methodology consists of carrying out an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (from the data of 352 agri-food cooperatives in Spain) in order to test the psychometric properties of measurement scales, and the hypothesized relationships between attributes and stakeholder salience results are examined using structural equation modeling. Results show that the measurement of the stakeholder salience varies in agri-food cooperatives. The contributions of this study are to confirm that: (1) in agri-food cooperatives legitimacy is the first measurement of stakeholder salience, unlike the general business case where that is power; (2) the attribute of urgency remains unchanged from the proposed model; and (3) add to the original model the attribute of durability because of the permanence of the interest of stakeholders in agri-food cooperatives.
A Systems Approach to Food Loss and Solutions: Understanding Practices, Causes, and Indicators
Authors: Verma Monika , Plaisier Christine , van Wagenberg Coen P. A. , Achterbosch Thom
Published: January 2019

Reasons behind food loss can be very specific for each product and supply chain stage but it is also affected by factors independent of the product and stage. This work focuses on such generic factors and develops a framework to analyze food loss as a systemic outcome. The framework highlights the interconnected nature of problem across supply chain stages and therefore emphasizes the need to look at the whole system instead of specific stages, when proposing solutions. Practices and underlying causes contributing to food loss are identified for each stage of the supply chain using a literature search. Deductive logic is used to fill the gaps where literature was found to be scarce, and to derive socio-economic indicators that signal the presence of identified causes. Using this framework, we propose a non-exhaustive list of 30 socio-economic indicators, which can signal the presence of the 22 practices and 60 causes associated with food loss in supply chains. This list can serve as a starting list for practitioners and policymakers to build on when analyzing food losses in supply chains in their region. We evaluate the framework using a field-study of a tomato supply chain in Nigeria, and conclude that it can be a useful tool to identify practices, causes, and indicators of food loss.
Green Credit, Debt Maturity, and Corporate Investment—Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Enxian , Liu Xinghe , Wu Jiapeng , Cai Danting
Published: January 2019

Against the backdrop of working hard to build a beautiful country, this paper uses the promulgation of the “Green Credit Guidelines” policy in China as a quasi-natural experiment. Based on a difference-in-differences (DID) model, the results show that, since the promulgation of the Green Credit Guidelines policy, financial institutions have significantly reduced the proportion of long-term debt to heavily polluting enterprises for reasons such as risk aversion and total credit constraints. Due to capital constraints and the restrictive terms of credit approval, the Green Credit Guidelines policy reduces the investment scale and overinvestment of heavily polluting enterprises. The dependency relationship of the debt maturity structure of heavily polluting enterprises with the investment scale and investment efficiency has been reduced. Furthermore, the negative net effect of the Green Credit Guidelines policy on long-term debt is more pronounced in heavily polluting enterprises that lack political connections. However, the promulgation of this policy inhibits the investment scale and the investment efficiency of heavily polluting enterprises (with or without political connections). To a certain extent, these results confirm the “supportive hand” perspective towards political connections. The results of this research could help relevant government departments to understand the microeconomic consequences of the Green Credit Guidelines policy and could help improve and perfect China’s green credit policy.
Does China’s Anti-Poverty Relocation and Settlement Program Benefit Ecosystem Services: Evidence from a Household Perspective
Authors: Li Cong , Kang Bowei , Wang Lei , Li Shuzhuo , Feldman Marcus , Li Jie
Published: January 2019

To assess whether and to what extent the anti-poverty relocation and settlement program (APRSP) in China will be able to resolve the development dilemma of ecosystem conservation and human wellbeing, it is important to study the effects of policy on rural households in terms of the income generation from ecosystem services (ES). We constructed an index of dependence on ecosystem services (IDES) to evaluate the dependence of households’ net income generation on ecosystem services. Using data collected from South Shaanxi Province, we examined the effects of the relocation program on rural households’ IDES. We find that this relocation may benefit the ecosystem by significantly decreasing participants’ IDES. Relocation households have higher net incomes than non-relocation households from total ecosystem services, provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services as well as socio-economic activities. There are significant differences in IDES between groups with different relocation and resettlement characteristics. The anti-poverty relocation program optimized the rural households’ income structure by increasing the proportion of income from socio-economic activities while reducing the proportion of income from ecosystem services. This study provides new evidence for evaluating eco-conservation and development policies by linking ecosystem services and human well-being at a micro scale. We also address the policy implications of our analysis for anti-poverty relocation programs.
Two-Step Solver for Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , Shakhno Stepan , Yarmola Halyna
Published: January 2019

In this paper we present a two-step solver for nonlinear equations with a nondifferentiable operator. This method is based on two methods of order of convergence 1 + 2 . We study the local and a semilocal convergence using weaker conditions in order to extend the applicability of the solver. Finally, we present the numerical example that confirms the theoretical results.
Spatial Correlation-Based Motion-Vector Prediction for Video-Coding Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Jiang Xiantao , Song Tian , Katayama Takafumi , Leu Jenq-Shiou
Published: January 2019

H.265/HEVC achieves an average bitrate reduction of 50% for fixed video quality compared with the H.264/AVC standard, while computation complexity is significantly increased. The purpose of this work is to improve coding efficiency for the next-generation video-coding standards. Therefore, by developing a novel spatial neighborhood subset, efficient spatial correlation-based motion vector prediction (MVP) with the coding-unit (CU) depth-prediction algorithm is proposed to improve coding efficiency. Firstly, by exploiting the reliability of neighboring candidate motion vectors (MVs), the spatial-candidate MVs are used to determine the optimized MVP for motion-data coding. Secondly, the spatial correlation-based coding-unit depth-prediction is presented to achieve a better trade-off between coding efficiency and computation complexity for interprediction. This approach can satisfy an extreme requirement of high coding efficiency with not-high requirements for real-time processing. The simulation results demonstrate that overall bitrates can be reduced, on average, by 5.35%, up to 9.89% compared with H.265/HEVC reference software in terms of the Bjontegaard Metric.
Numerical Research on Energy Evolution in Granite under Different Confining Pressures Using Otsu’s Digital Image Processing and PFC2D
Authors: Zhang Yubao , Zhao Tongbin , Yin Yanchun , Tan Yunliang , Qiu Yue
Published: January 2019

Research on energy accumulation and releasing in the rock plays a key role on revealing its failure mechanism. This paper establishes a microscopic structure model of granite using Otsu digital image processing (DIP) technology and particle flow code software (PFC2D). A series of numerical compression tests under different confining pressures were conducted to investigate the macro and micro characteristics of energy evolution in granite. The results showed that the energy evolution of granite is divided into three stages: stable accumulation, slow dissipation, and rapid release. With increasing confining pressure, the strain energy accumulation ratio decreased exponentially and the peak value of strain energy increased linearly. It was found that the energy accumulation speed in the pre-peak stage increased as a linear function, while the energy release speed in the post-peak stage decreased as an exponential function. In addition, the feldspar is the main microstructure which played a major part in accumulating energy in granite. However, the unit mineral energy of mica particles was bigger than that of feldspar and quartz. When subjected to increasing confining pressure, the feldspar’s total energy growth rate was fastest. Meanwhile, the mica’s unit energy growth rate was fastest.
An Energy Efficient Modulation Scheme for Body-Centric Terahertz (THz) Nanonetworks
Authors: Vavouris Apostolos K. , Dervisi Foteini D. , Papanikolaou Vasilis K. , Diamantoulakis Panagiotis D. , Karagiannidis George K. , Goudos Sotirios K.
Published: January 2019

In body-centric communications, energy efficiency is a critical performance metric, while the achievable data rate is not of primary concern. In this paper we present a novel modulation scheme, which can be efficiently used in body-centric terahertz (THz) nanonetworks. The proposed scheme is a combination of the time-spread On-Off keying (TS–OOK) and the pulse position modulation (PPM) and presents lower energy consumption, compared to other existing methods as TS–OOK, at a minor cost to the data rate. Furthermore, another important aspect is that the proposed modulation scheme can be effectively used to mitigate the impact of the specific kind of noise in THz body-centric communications, thus leading to better error performance. Finally, we present analytical and simulation results in order to compare the new scheme with the existing TS–OOK.
Trends in the Use of Glyphosate Herbicide and Its Relevant Regulations in Taiwan: A Water Contaminant of Increasing Concern
Authors: Tsai Wen-Tien
Published: January 2019

In Taiwan and other countries, glyphosate has been used widely as a non-selective herbicide over 40 years in crop lands and non-crop lands. However, public concerns about its environmental and health risks have increased rapidly because the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reclassified it as Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) in 2015. From the viewpoints of environmental quality, food security and human health, it is necessary to regulate the release of glyphosate into the environment due to its massive use. The purpose of this case study was to analyze the historical consumption of glyphosate in Taiwan and also summarize its current regulatory measures through multi-ministerial levels. It showed that the sales quantities of glyphosate in Taiwan can be grouped into three stages, which include a ramping period (1984–1992), a stable period (1992–2007), and a declining period (2007–2016). These variations can be correlated with the annual price, manufacturers’ promotion and other non-selective herbicide competitors (i.e., paraquat and glufosinate), as well as the excellent action features of glyphosate. It should be noted that its sales quantities significantly increased from 3200 metric tons in 2015 to 4535 metric tons in 2016 mainly due to the official announcement of paraquat ban effective in February 2019. The core regulations for protecting food security and water quality from the use of glyphosate are based on its residual limits and standards under the authorization of the Food Sanitation Management Act (FSMA) and the Water Pollution Control Act (WPCA), respectively. More importantly, there are occasional reports of contamination by herbicides (including glyphosate) in drinking water sources. Unfortunately, glyphosate is not yet considered among chemical items when evaluating drinking water quality standards in Taiwan.
Functional Analysis of FgNahG Clarifies the Contribution of Salicylic Acid to Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Resistance against Fusarium Head Blight
Authors: Qi Peng-Fei , Zhang Ya-Zhou , Liu Cai-Hong , Chen Qing , Guo Zhen-Ru , Wang Yan , Xu Bin-Jie , Jiang Yun-Feng , Zheng Ting , Gong Xi , Luo Cui-Hua , Wu Wang , Kong Li , Deng Mei , Ma Jian , Lan Xiu-Jin , Jiang Qian-Tao , Wei Yu-Ming , Wang Ji-Rui , Zheng You-Liang
Published: January 2019

Salicylic acid (SA) is a key defense hormone associated with wheat resistance against Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum. Although F. graminearum can metabolize SA, it remains unclear how this metabolic activity affects the wheat–F. graminearum interaction. In this study, we identified a salicylate hydroxylase gene (FG05_08116; FgNahG) in F. graminearum. This gene encodes a protein that catalyzes the conversion of SA to catechol. Additionally, FgNahG was widely distributed within hyphae. Disrupting the FgNahG gene (ΔFgNahG) led to enhanced sensitivity to SA, increased accumulation of SA in wheat spikes during the early infection stage and inhibited development of head blight symptoms. However, FgNahG did not affect mycotoxin production. Re-introducing a functional FgNahG gene into the ΔFgNahG mutant recovered the wild-type phenotype. Moreover, the expression of FgNahG in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana decreased the SA concentration and the resistance of leaves to F. graminearum. These results indicate that the endogenous SA in wheat influences the resistance against F. graminearum. Furthermore, the capacity to metabolize SA is an important factor affecting the ability of F. graminearum to infect wheat plants.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Urban Science in 2018
Authors:   Urban Science Editorial Office
Published: January 2019

Rigorous peer-review is the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Immunological Cross-Reactivity of an Ancestral and the Most Recent Pandemic Norovirus GII.4 Variant
Authors: Tamminen Kirsi , Malm Maria , Vesikari Timo , Blazevic Vesna
Published: January 2019

Norovirus (NoV) genotype GII.4 is responsible for the majority of NoV infections causing pandemics every few years. A NoV virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine should optimally cover the high antigenic variation within the GII.4 genotype. We compared the immune responses generated by VLPs of the ancestral GII.4 1999 strain (GII.4 1995/96 US variant) and the most recent GII.4 Sydney 2012 pandemic strains in mice. No significant differences were observed in the type-specific responses but GII.4 1999 VLPs were more potent in inducing high-avidity antibodies with better cross-reactivity. GII.4 1999 immune sera blocked binding of GII.4 2006 and GII.4 2012 VLPs to the putative receptors in a surrogate neutralization assay, whereas GII.4 2012 immune sera only had low blocking activity against GII.4 2006 VLPs. Amino acid substitution in the NERK motif (amino acids 310, 316, 484, and 493, respectively), altering the access to conserved blocking epitope F, moderately improved the cross-blocking responses against mutated GII.4 2012 VLPs (D310N). NoV GII.4 1999 VLPs, uptaken and processed by antigen-presenting cells, induced stronger interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production from mice splenocytes than GII.4 2012 VLPs. These results support the use of GII.4 1999 VLPs as a major component of a NoV vaccine.
Risk-Yuck Factor Nexus in Reclaimed Wastewater for Irrigation: Comparing Farmers’ Attitudes and Public Perception
Authors: Ricart Sandra , Rico Antonio , Ribas Anna
Published: January 2019

The successes and failures of water reuse schemes are shaped by complex interrelationships between technological, economic, and socio-political factors. However, it has long been recognized that the main challenges to more effective water management are largely social rather than technical. This article reviews the recent literature (2007–2017) to analyze driving factors associated with farmers’ concerns and public perception of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation. The aim of the paper is to synthetize how both environmental and health risks and the yuck factor could be addressed in order to promote mutual understanding between farmers and the public. Results show: (1) how farmers and the public perceive environmental and health risks in a similar way, (2) how the yuck factor is more noticeable for the public than farmers, and (3) how constructed wetlands, reclaimed water exchange consortiums, product certification, and direct site visits to water reuse infrastructure could be promoted in order to foster understanding between farmers and the public. The article concludes by providing key research questions for managers and public authorities relating to how to focus on the study of technical and social issues related to water reuse.
Effects of ENSO on Temperature, Precipitation, and Potential Evapotranspiration of North India’s Monsoon: An Analysis of Trend and Entropy
Authors: Tamaddun Kazi Ali , Kalra Ajay , Bernardez Miguel , Ahmad Sajjad
Published: January 2019

The influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the north Indian temperature, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) change patterns were evaluated during the monsoon season across the last century. Trends and shifts in 146 districts were assessed using nonparametric statistical tests. To quantify their temporal variation, the concept of apportionment entropy was applied to both the annual and seasonal scales. Results suggest that the El Niño years played a greater role in causing hydro-climatological changes compared to the La Niña or neutral years. El Niño was more influential in causing shifts compared to trends. For certain districts, a phase change in ENSO reversed the trend/shift direction. The century-wide analysis suggested that the vast majority of the districts experienced significant decreasing trends/shifts in temperature and PET. However, precipitation experienced both increasing and decreasing trends/shifts based on the location of the districts. Entropy results suggested a lower apportionment of precipitation compared to the other variables, indicating an intermittent deviation of precipitation pattern from the generic trend. The findings may help understand the effects of ENSO on the hydro-climatological variables during the monsoon season. Practitioners may find the results useful as monsoon is the most important season for India causing climate extremes.
Exploring Drought Conditions in the Three River Headwaters Region from 2002 to 2011 Using Multiple Drought Indices
Authors: Wang Keyi , Li Tiejian , Wei Jiahua
Published: January 2019

The Three River Headwaters Region (TRHR) has great uncertainty on drought conditions under climate change. The aim of this study is to compare the drought conditions detected by multiple drought indices across the TRHR. We applied four single drought indices, i.e., Precipitation Condition Index (PCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Soil Moisture Condition Index (SMCI), and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and two combined drought indices, i.e., Combined Meteorological Drought Index (CMDI) and Combined Vegetation drought index (CVDI), to explore the drought conditions across the TRHR. Three in situ drought indices, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and Standardized Non-Parametric Index (SNPI) were used to evaluate the performances of multiple drought indices. The results include various drought conditions detected by multiple drought indices, as well as a comparative study among different drought indices. Through the comparative study, we found that PCI was a desirable single index to monitor meteorological drought. TCI was suitable for monitoring agricultural/vegetation drought. SMCI and VCI should be avoided for monitoring drought in this region. CMDI was an appropriate meteorological drought index, and CVDI was a promising indicator in monitoring agricultural/vegetation drought.
Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays
Authors: Bai Rekha , Pandya Dinesh K , Chaudhary Sujeet , Dhaka Veer , Khayrudinov Vladislav , Lemettinen Jori , Kauppinen Christoffer , Lipsanen Harri
Published: January 2019

We report on the growth of ZnO nanocrystals having a hexagonal, prismatic shape, sized 700 nm × 600 nm, on bare indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. The growth is induced by a low ion flux and involves a low-temperature electrodeposition technique. Further, vertically aligned periodic nanocrystal (NC) growth is engineered at predefined positions on polymer-coated ITO substrates patterned with ordered pores. The vertical alignment of ZnO NCs along the c-axis is achieved via ion-by-ion nucleation-controlled growth for patterned pores of size ≈600 nm; however, many-coupled branched NCs with hexagonal shape are formed when a patterned pore size of ≈200 nm is used. X-ray diffraction data is in agreement with the observed morphology. A mechanism is proposed to interpret the observed site-specific oriented/branched growth that is correlated to the pore size. As ordered NC arrays have the potential to generate new collective properties different from single NCs, our first demonstration of a cost effective and facile fabrication process opens up new possibilities for devices with versatile functionalities.
AT2018cow: A Luminous Millimeter Transient
Authors: Ho Anna Y. Q. , Phinney E. Sterl , Ravi Vikram , Kulkarni S. R. , Petitpas Glen , Emonts Bjorn , Bhalerao V. , Blundell Ray , Cenko S. Bradley , Dobie Dougal , Howie Ryan , Kamraj Nikita , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Murphy Tara , Perley Daniel A. , Sridharan T. K. , Yoon Ilsang
Published: January 2019

We present detailed submillimeter- through centimeter-wave observations of the extraordinary extragalactic transient AT2018cow. The apparent characteristics—the high radio luminosity, the rise and long-lived emission plateau at millimeter bands, and the sub-relativistic velocity—have no precedent. A basic interpretation of the data suggests

coupled to a fast but sub-relativistic (

) shock in a dense (

) medium. We find that the X-ray emission is not naturally explained by an extension of the radio-submm synchrotron spectrum, nor by inverse Compton scattering of the dominant blackbody UV/optical/IR photons by energetic electrons within the forward shock. By

, the X-ray emission shows spectral softening and erratic inter-day variability. Taken together, we are led to invoke an additional source of X-ray emission: the central engine of the event. Regardless of the nature of this central engine, this source heralds a new class of energetic transients shocking a dense medium, which at early times are most readily observed at millimeter wavelengths.
Diplura and Protura of Canada
Authors: Sikes Derek S.
Published: January 2019

A literature review of the Diplura and Protura of Canada is presented. Canada has six Diplura species documented and an estimated minimum 10–12 remaining to be documented. The Protura fauna is equally poorly known, with nine documented species and a conservatively estimated ten undocumented. Only six and three Barcode Index Numbers are available for Canadian specimens of Diplura and Protura, respectively.
Neuroptera of Canada
Authors: Blades David C.A.
Published: January 2019

The Neuroptera of Canada consists of 101 extant species, an increase of 26 (35%) since the previous assessment of the fauna in 1979. More than 48 additional species are believed to occur in Canada based largely on recent DNA evidence and new distribution records. The Barcode Of Life Data System (BOLD) currently includes 141 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) for Canadian Neuroptera. Canadian fossils have thus far yielded 15 species in three families of Neuroptera.
Pseudoscorpiones and Scorpiones of Canada
Authors: Cameron Elyssa , Buddle Christopher M.
Published: January 2019

Twenty-five species of pseudoscorpions are known from Canada, a five-fold increase since an assessment from 1979. The diversity and distribution of Canadian species are poorly known and at least 27 more species are expected to be found in the country. Currently 46 Barcode Index Numbers are assigned to Canadian specimens, suggesting a high level of undocumented diversity. Only one scorpion species is known from Canada and no other species are expected.
The Biota of Canada: Terrestrial Arthropods
Authors: Langor David W. , Sheffield Cory S.
Published: January 2019

There is none
Analyse des processus d’interaction et de réception du boréalisme
Authors: Ballotti Alessandra
Published: January 2019

Toute pensée est caractérisée par le monde qui l’a engendrée et le contexte dans lequel une représentation se forme est le point de départ d’une analyse sur les imaginaires. Pour garder la complexité de l’imaginaire du Nord et pour favoriser une utilisation pratique de cette « grammaire du Nord », nous proposons d’affecter des attributions distinctives au boréalisme. Dans cet article nous proposons des outils pour réfléchir aux boréalismes et à leurs modalités de représentation. D’abord, deux types de processus, endogène et exogène, qui se combinent selon trois relations différentes de l’imaginaire du Nord, seront introduits. Ensuite, ces trois types de dialogues – une interaction exclusive, une tropique et une inclusive– seront mis en relation avec leurs trois positions – une posture autoritaire, contractuelle et communautaire – pour comprendre les mécanismes représentatifs des phénomènes boréaux plus complexes et évolutifs.
L’usage du norrois dans la série télévisée Vikings
Authors: Gadelli Karl Erland
Published: January 2019

L’article décrit l’usage de différentes langues dans la série télévisée Vikings , favorablement reçue en France. Michael Hirst, réalisateur de la série, prétend donner une importance considérable à la question des langues dans Vikings , où figurent non seulement un type d’« anglais neutre » mais également diverses langues médiévales, dont le norrois. L’article analyse la présence du norrois dans la série depuis une perspective boréaliste qui, dans sa version la plus simple, veut dire qu’une atmosphère exotique est créée par l’usage de symboles qui ne reflètent pas les faits, mais une réalité imaginée. L’analyse aboutit à la conclusion que la série Vikings échappe à ce premier piège boréaliste étant donné que sa représentation et son usage du norrois sont scientifiquement bien fondés, et rendent de manière correcte la réalité linguistique de l’époque viking.
La représentation du Nord dans Vikings . Entre exploration, imaginaire et altérité
Authors: Stahl Pierre-Brice
Published: January 2019

À partir du concept de boréalisme, cet article propose d’examiner les multiples représentations du Nord véhiculées par Vikings . La série est dans la continuité discursive d’un imaginaire sur le Nord auquel elle contribue. Le Nord y est homogène et sert de lieu d’évocation. Il est intrinsèquement lié à l’idée d’exploration et se place en opposition avec les autres royaumes médiévaux. L’article met en évidence une altérité du Nord qui se traduit, entre autres, par la place des femmes et l’esthétique mystique. L’article offre ainsi une analyse de la réception contemporaine de l’imaginaire du Nord et présente la diversité de ses discours.
Le vampire et le propriétaire
Authors: Aspe Bernard
Published: January 2019

Le capitalisme n’est pas d’abord un vampire. Pour sucer le sang de ce qu’il exploite en tant que « force de travail », il doit tout d’abord s’être approprié non seulement cette force de travail, mais tout ce qui la rend possible, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble de ses conditions d’existence – tout ce qui permet sa « reproduction ». Cette appropriation est le lieu d’un combat, dont l’enjeu est le refus de la mise au travail généralisée, des humains et des non-humains, opérée par le capital. Un tel combat suppose une clarté sur ce que sont les points de métastabilité de la politique du capital, ou ce que l’on a longtemps appelé ses « contradictions objectives ». Mais il suppose aussi que la subjectivité qui connaît ces contradictions prenne sur elle, en quelque sorte, cette nécessité que l’ancien marxisme voulait trouver dans le mouvement de l’Histoire et dans le développement de ses contradictions. Il y a une contingence radicale des initiatives politiques, mais il y a bien une nécessité subjective à répondre à la disparition des conditions de vie sur la planète.
L’eucharistie : trouver une respiration
Authors: Grieu Étienne
Published: January 2019

Après avoir dressé à grands traits un état des lieux des pratiques autour de l’eucharistie en Europe occidentale, l’auteur avance sa thèse : l’eucharistie, célébration clé de la vie ecclésiale, demeure enclavée ; de ce fait, il lui est difficile d’irriguer le quotidien des fidèles. Elle est sans doute « sommet », mais parvient mal à être « source » de la vie chrétienne. L’auteur, en s’appuyant sur la réflexion de Marcel Mauss, fait quelques suggestions pour aller en ce sens.
Le dialogue luthéro-catholique sur l’eucharistie et la question de la communion eucharistique
Authors: Dieter Theodor , Kremer Robert
Published: January 2019

Face aux multiples controverses relatives à l’eucharistie, l’article propose d’en revenir tout d’abord à celle qui prévalait aux débuts, au XVI e siècle, avec la prise de position de Martin Luther et la réaction du concile de Trente, en y abordant notamment la question de la présence réelle du Christ dans l’eucharistie et la notion de sacrifice. Il présente ensuite les divers dialogues œcuméniques et les progrès qu’ils ont apportés, en particulier le document « Le Repas du Seigneur » et les études du groupe de travail œcuménique allemand de théologiens protestants et catholiques « Le sacrifice de Jésus-Christ et sa présence dans l’Église », ainsi que « Les anathèmes du XVI e siècle sont-ils encore actuels ? ». Il décrit enfin des propositions récentes, suggérant d’avancer encore plus dans la ligne d’un document élaboré par trois instituts de recherches œcuméniques, intitulé « Le partage eucharistique entre les Églises est possible : Thèses sur l’hospitalité eucharistique ».
«Juego de Pangelinguas»: a source of organ music by José Elías at Montserrat
Authors: Nelson Bernadette
Published: January 2019

Not available
Guido Adler, Rudolf von Ficker und Thrasybulos Georgiades
Authors: Göllner Theodor
Published: January 2019

No disponible
Zwischen Neapel und Madrid: Vicente Martín y Soler uns das spanische Königshaus
Authors: Kleinertz Rainer Leonhard
Published: January 2019

Not available
Aspectos compositivos en las Siete Canciones populares Españolas de Manuel de Falla [1914/15]
Authors: Urchueguía Schölzel Cristina
Published: January 2019

Not available
Algunas consideraciones sobre la música para conjuntos instrumentales en el siglo VXII español
Authors: González Marín Luis Antonio
Published: January 2019

Este artículo trata de poner al día algunas hipótesis y evidencias sobre la composición y ejecución de música instrumental en España durante el siglo XVII, basándose tanto en testimonios escritos de diversa índole como en las propias fuentes musicales existentes. El establecimiento de paralelismos entre las tradiciones musicales eclesiásticas, civiles y teatrales conduce a una equiparación de géneros afines, y trae consecuencias de interés en lo tocante a la práctica musical.
La ornamentación en las obras de Cabanilles II: Tabla de ornamentos empleados por Cabanilles
Authors: Bernal Ripoll Miguel
Published: January 2019

Apéndice al artículo "La ornamentación en las obras de Cabanilles" publicado en Anuario Musical, 53 (1998), en forma de tabla de ornamentos empleados por Cabanilles.
«El diablo vestido de fraile»: correspondencia entre el padre Antonio Soler y un noble español (1761-1773)
Authors: Truett Mollis George
Published: January 2019

El 16 de marzo de 1761, el Padre Antonio Soler escribió una carta al Duque de Medina Sidonia, pidiendo con cortesía, la vuelta de un regalo del «Libro de Clavicordio». Así comenzó una correspondencia de doce años entre Soler (22 cartas) y el duque. El centro de la correspondencia era el joven clavicordista de Cataluña, Pedro Santamant (n. 1752), el cual en 1765 estaba al servicio del duque («lo he visto ejecutar maravillas en al clabe»). A solicitud del duque. Soler consintió enseñar composición a Santamant en El Escorial. La correspondencia terminó con cólera por parte de Soler demandando la vuelta de algunas sonatas de un «Lib" de 40 Sonatas». La correspondencia «nos permite vislumbrar el carácter personal y musical» de Soler. Además, ofrece nueva información para la biografía de Soler. Revela el carácter didáctico de algunas sonatas de Soler, así como más información sobre el clavicordio español del siglo XVIII. Quizás nos permitirá también comprender mejor la música de Soler.
Una aproximación al expresionismo. Josep Soler:Análisis de «Sonidos de la noche», «Concierto para Clave» y «Le Christ dans la banlieue»
Authors: Charles Soler Agustín
Published: January 2019

Este artículo trata el lenguaje de uno de los compositores catalanes del siglo XX más reconocido y polémico. Su música, de carácter expresionista acérrimo, ha provocado desde los más encendidos elogios por parte de sus defensores hasta las más ásperas críticas de sus detractores. Esa discusión, que a menudo se ha centrado sobre su persona y no sobre su trabajo, nos ha dado una visión a menudo errónea de su música. Aquí se muestra el trabajo y el modo en que el autor lo realiza, junto a la influencia que aquella posee del mundo serial y dodecafónico relacionado con la escuela vienesa, sin olvidar sus aspectos sensorial y estético. Sus dos etapas de creación, la serial y la actual, basada en un sistema armónico que parte del acorde wagneriano del Tristan e Isolda, conforman un lenguaje de enorme dramatismo, por otra parte singular en la música española del siglo XX.