bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver Enzymes After Acetaminophen Error in Critically Ill Children: A Cohort Study
Authors: Roumeliotis Nadia , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Taddio Anna , Rochon Paula , Parshuram Chris
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesDrug-associated harm is common but difficult to detect in the hospital setting. In critically ill children, we sought to evaluate drug-associated hepatic injury following enteral acetaminophen error; defined as acetaminophen dosing that exceeds daily maximum recommendations.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTwo pediatric intensive care units within a pediatric hospital center.PatientsChildren (<18 years of age) admitted to the pediatric and cardiac intensive care unit between January 2008 and January 2018, and receiving enteral acetaminophen. We defined acetaminophen dosing error as exceeding daily acetaminophen dosing by > 10% the upper limit of maximum recommended dose for weight and age (>82.5mg/kg/day or > 4400mg/day).Main ResultsWe included 14,146 admissions, who received 147,485 doses of acetaminophen. Acetaminophen dosing errors occurred 1 in every 9.5 patient-days on acetaminophen. ALT and AST decreased significantly over the course of ICU admission (p<0.0001). In patients with acetaminophen errors, ALT and AST measured in the 24 to 96 hours post error were not significantly different than when measured outside this window. A sensitivity analysis using >100 mg/kg/day as the upper daily acetaminophen error cut-off did not reveal any subsequent significant increase in ALT or ALT in the 24 to 96-hour post-error window, compared to measurements taken outside the window.Conclusions﻿Although the administration of acetaminophen in critically ill children frequently exceeds the daily recommended limit and vigilance is needed, we did not find any associated increase in liver transaminases following acetaminophen errors.
Serology and Amplicon Deep Sequencing of MSP1-Block 2 Haplotypes as New Tools for Plasmodium Vivax Infections
Authors: Farias Elizangela , Jordão Maele , Avila Ricardo , Fagundes Mirian , Feuser Paulo , Souza Victor , Naveca Felipe , Nogueira Paulo Afonso
Published: December 2021

Background: Relapses of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) infections are major causes of malaria morbidity, and tools for distinguishing relapses from reinfections are needed in malaria endemic areas. Methods: Herein, a panel of plasmas of 72 P. vivax-infected pregnant women, of whom 31 had had at least a recurrence of P. vivax infection, was used in a serology for IgM and IgG against 6 P. vivax-merozoite surface protein-1 (P. vivax-MSP1-Block 2) haplotype-specific peptides, in order to identify re-expositions to same haplotypes in the recurrences during the pregnancy. In parallel, we used the amplicon deep sequencing (ADS) with P. vivax-MSP1-Block 2 amplicons of the in eight blood samples of non-pregnant P. vivax-infected patients to identify multi or monoclonal infections based on MSP1-Block-2 haplotypes, and to quantify the reads of different haplotypes between those with multiclonal infections. We synthetized a new panel of overlapping peptides mapping each one of the six P. vivax-MSP1-Block 2 haplotypes and we validated with new IgM and IgG serology. Results: Most pregnant women presented IgM that recognized more than one peptide, thus indicating multiple infections by P. vivax-MSP1-Block 2 haplotypes. The same IgM anti-peptides remained in several women in the recurrent episodes most likely indicates re-exposure to the same haplotype of MSP1 Block 2. The IgG reactivity the IgM to IgG switch were low. The ADS using next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified multi- and monoinfection by P. vivax-MSP1-Block 2 haplotypes. Of eight patients, two of them had had the first P. vivax-infection. Monoinfections with P. vivax-MSP1-Block 2 haplotypes were observed in two prime-infected patients and three of patients with previous malaria. In all P. vivax-MSP1-Block 2 haplotype-monoinfected patients, the reactivity of IgM was observed only against overlapped peptides of the same haplotype detected in ADS, while for IgG, no reactivity was observed for any of the peptides of the same haplotype or the others.We were able to identify multiclonal infections through three haplotypes of P. vivax MSP1 Block 2 in three remaining patients, among which, there was always one majority haplotype that predominated with more of 95% of high-quality reads. The levels of haplotype-specific IgM in the serology correlated with the read ratios of each haplotype, but IgG levels not, including in one of the multiclonal infections, a minority haplotype was recognized with higher levels of IgG than that of the majority one. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the combination of ADS and serology for P. vivax-MSP1-Block 2 haplotypes may be used as a new tool for distinguishing reinfections from relapses in malaria.
Isolation and determination of Vibrio spp. pathogen from hemorrhagic disease in Sciaenops ocellatus in cage culture
Authors: LInh Nguyen Quang
Published: December 2021

In this study, 18 strains of Vibrio bacteria were identified from 27 samples of Red drum fish (Sciaenops ocellatus) suffering from the haemorrhagic disease from cage culture in Vietnam. The bacterial strains were identified with the 16S rRNA sequencing method and checked for morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics by using the API 20E KIT. Twelve strains of V. alginolyticus, three strains of V. fluvialis, and three strains of V. orientalis were recorded. All Vibrio strains have gene similarities with those on the gene bank ranging from 98 to 100%. The biochemical characteristics of these 18 isolates were similar. These bacteria are susceptible to tetracycline and doxycycline and entirely resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin.
Morphology, Chemical Characterization and Sources of Microplastics in a Coastal City in The Equatorial Zone With Diverse Anthropogenic Activities (Fortaleza City, Brazil)
Authors: Banegas Maria E. N. , Lemos Viviane A. S. , Flores Gina L. L. , Soares Sandra A. , Feitosa Johnny , Araújo Bruno S. , Ayala Alejandro P. , de Azevedo Marleane M. F. , Santos Francisco E. P. , Cavalcante Rivelino Martins
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study was to perform morphological and chemical characterizations of microplastics (MPs) found in seawater samples from the coast of the city of Fortaleza (CE) using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Sampling was performed using a neuston sampler. MPs were separated based on the difference in density. MPs with varied morphologies were found. Fibers and fragments were the most abundant (57% and 36.2%, respectively). FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and DSC confirmed the presence of polyurethane and alkyd resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamide blends, thermoplastic rubber and polyester fibers. Many studies have chemically characterized plastic materials using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and DSC and common MPs, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide and polyester, have been characterized. However, characterization becomes more complex when MPs are less common particles, weathered particles and blends of polymers and additives. There is also less information on these types of MPs in commercial polymer databases. Therefore, the MP spectra obtained in this study can serve as a database to compare and characterize common as well as less common, more complex MPs.
ProxyFL: Decentralized Federated Learning through Proxy Model Sharing
Authors: Kalra Shivam , Wen Junfeng , Cresswell Jesse , Volkovs Maksims , Tizhoosh Hamid
Published: December 2021

Institutions in highly regulated domains such as finance and healthcare often have restrictive rules around data sharing. Federated learning is a distributed learning framework that enables multi-institutional collaborations on decentralized data with improved protection for each collaborator’s data privacy. In this paper, we propose a communication-efficient scheme for decentralized federated learning called ProxyFL, or proxy-based federated learning. Each participant in ProxyFL maintains two models, a private model, and a publicly shared proxy model designed to protect the participant’s privacy. Proxy models allow efficient information exchange among participants using the PushSum method without the need of a centralized server. The proposed method eliminates a significant limitation of canonical federated learning by allowing model heterogeneity; each participant can have a private model with any architecture. Furthermore, our protocol for communication by proxy leads to stronger privacy guarantees using differential privacy analysis. Experiments on popular image datasets, and a pan-cancer diagnostic problem using over 30,000 high-quality gigapixel histology whole slide images, show that ProxyFL can outperform existing alternatives with much less communication overhead and stronger privacy.
Disjunctive Answer Options Complicate Communication – A Linguistic Analysis of the Danish EQ-5D (5L) Version
Authors: Petersen Esben Nedenskov , Nørgaard Birgitte
Published: December 2021

Background: EQ-5D is an internationally acknowledged tool for assessing health-related quality of life. Our aim was to examine how pragmatic dynamics may influence answers to the EQ-5D-5L and how the logical structure of answer options affects the communication of the questionnaire.Methods: We performed a 3-step linguistic analysis building on the seminal work of Grice, including 1) examination of the lexical meanings of the answer options, 2) considerations of how conversational maxims might affect the respondent’s interpretation of answer options when two or more answer options in an item are compatible, and 3) analysis of how the questionnaire’s context might counteract the problem of omissions of answer options by shifting the meaning of context-sensitive expressions. Results: All items exhibit compatibilities and omissions. In items 1 and 3, ordinary conversational norms provide sufficient guidance to determine how a respondent should decide between compatible answer options. In items 2, 4, and 5, the available answer options complicated the communicative task for some respondents. Conclusions: In items where answer options have a disjunctive structure, respondents relying on Gricean maxims of conversation will have to depend on their individual understanding of fine-grained details concerning the questionnaire’s purpose and may have to weigh how conflicting norms should be balanced.
An Unusual Case of IgA Vasculitis with Multisystemic Involvement
Authors: Du Lina , Liu Chang , Wang Panpan , Li Shaojing , Yue Shuang , Guo Ziyun , Yang Yan
Published: December 2021

Background: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is one of the most common vasculitis in children. It is generally a self-limiting disease. Due to its systemic nature, a variety of symptoms in different organs can be observed. We report a case of IgAV characterized by several complications to improve clinicians’ understanding of the disease. Case presentation: A 4-year-old boy was admitted to a local hospital because of abdominal pain and skin rash. The skin biopsy showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposition, consistented with a diagnosis of IgAV. He developed clinical signs of intussusception and laparotomy was undertaken. He continued to have intermittent abdominal pain and edema in the four limbs with oliguria. Elevated pancreatic enzymes and swelling of the pancreas on abdominal ultrasound suggested a combination of pancreatitis in the child. The child subsequently developed headache, dizziness and convulsions, and head MRI showed a high signal on the left side of the cortex and subcortical white matter, and he was considered to have developed cerebral vasculitis.He underwent bronchoscopy because of respiratory distress, which which confirmed the presence of pulmonary hemorrhage. Combined pulmonary infections added to the severity and complexity of his condition. He received two courses of methylprednisolone pulse therapy combined with IVIG and aggressive anti-infective therapy, but his condition eventually deteriorated and he died. Conclusions: IgAV can involve multiple systems and various complications. There is no definitive evidence to support a single drug or multi- immunosuppressive regimen. IgAV usually runs a benign course,however, the severe cases are critical, with a high mortality rate.
A Consensus Genetic Map and Linkage Panel for Fresh-market Tomato
Authors: Bhandari Prashant , Shekasteband Reza , Lee Tong Geon
Published: December 2021

The first consensus genetic map in fresh-market tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was constructed, combining genetic recombination data from two biparental F2 segregating populations derived from four different fresh-market tomatoes. Each F2 population was nominated by different academic tomato breeding programs located in major fresh-market tomato-producing areas of the United States, and chromosome-wide variation in recombination rates was observed between tomato populations based on the origin of their breeding programs. A consensus map constructed using 335 common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites found in both populations spanned 737.3 cM across 12 tomato chromosomes, with chromosome 2 containing more than 40% of the total SNPs and chromosomes 4, 5, 7, and 10 together representing less than 10% of the SNPs. There was a high degree of collinearity between the genetic and physical positions of those 335 SNP markers. The integration of 6553 SNP sites that were detected in either of the two populations with 335 common sites resulted in an extended consensus genetic map. The total length of the extended map was estimated to be 1997.9 cM, which was compatible with a previous estimate for large-fruited fresh-market tomato. A linkage panel for fresh-market tomato was also established using the combined dataset of the consensus map of 335 SNP loci and 73 SNP-genotyped core fresh-market tomatoes. An empirical genetic mapping study of the tomato brachytic trait using the linkage panel demonstrated the value of the consensus map and linkage panel for tomato research. The allelic information in the linkage panel will serve as a basis for SNP marker implementation, such as genotyping platforms and genomic association map, in tomato.
Innovations in Telemedicine Services in Spina Bifida Clinics in the U. S. During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dicianno Brad E. , Swana Hubert S. , Cooper Rory A. , Brei Timothy J.
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted delivery of outpatient care. Many people with spina bifida (SB) in the U.S. receive outpatient healthcare in a multidisciplinary setting. In accordance with state healthcare mandates, outpatient multidisciplinary clinic visits were deferred,
postponed, or canceled, while telemedicine systems were implemented. A survey was created and distributed to all known SB clinics in the U.S. We explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery of outpatient care for the SB population and the use of telemedicine in response. Novel
uses of telehealth, benefits of use, suggestions for overcoming barriers, and future opportunities are identified and discussed.
VA Technology Transfer Program Responds to Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Duvall Jonathan , Grindle Garrett G , Kaplan John , Marks David , Sylvers Lee , Patel Jenish , Lain Michael , Bagay Andrea , Chung C.S. , Cooper Rory A
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic stressed healthcare systems all over the world. Two primary challenges that healthcare systems faced were a shortage of personal protective equipment and the need for new technologies to handle infection prevention for staff and patients. The Department of Veteran's
Affairs (VA) Technology Transfer Program responded by prioritizing the development of innovations in the Technology Transfer Assistance Project which addressed the pandemic. This paper describes several innovations that addressed the needs of the VA healthcare system during the pandemic and
how they were rapidly developed.
Co-Purification of Recombinant Modified Glucagon-Like and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide to Create a Two-Component Drug for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
Authors: Gorbunova A.Yu. , Sannikova E.P. , Gubaidullin I.I. , Ignatova O.M. , Kopaeva M.Yu. , Bulushova N.V. , Kozlov D.G.
Published: December 2021

In addition to the previously developed recombinant modified human glucagon-like peptide 1 (rmglp1, Glypin), a recombinant modified human glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (RMGIP) has been obtained. A new universal reverse-phase HPLC technique has been proposed allowing quantitative analysis of rmGlp1 and rmGip separately and as part of a two-component preparation. The data show that the design of recombinant human rmGip according to the Glypine formula makes it possible to produce one-component and two-component preparations containing various rmGip and rmGlp1 protein ratios ranging from 1:0 to 20:1, using cell biomass samples mixed in predetermined proportions. Studies of human rmGip activity in a mouse model revealed reduced specific activity and signs of weak antagonistic effects. In this regard, there is a need for further study of human rmGip activity in a mouse model, including the use of alternative mouse or rat rmGip.

type 2 diabetes mellitus; two-component drug, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1

The work was supported by the Internal Grant from National Research Center Kurchatov Institute.
Selection of Sorbent for Poliovirus Vaccine Strain Concentrate Purification by Gel Filtration
Authors: Kovpak А.А. , Ivin Y.Y. , Shishova А.А. , Sorokin A.A. , Prostova М.А. , Belyakova A.V. , Siniugina А.А. , Ishmukhametov А.А. , Hapchaev Y.H. , Gmyl А.P.
Published: December 2021

In the production of anti-virus vaccines, the replacement of wild-type with attenuated strains is becoming relevant. Sabin strains are the most suitable candidates for this replacement in the production of inactivated poliovirus vaccines. The main problem in the development of methods for purification of viral particles of Sabin strains is the preservation of their stability and antigenic properties. We have compared the sorbents used for gel-filtration of poliovirus concentrates and have selected a chromatographic resin, Sephacryl S-300HR, which provides a high yield of the target product and its high purity both during cultivation in roller bottles and in bioreactors. It was also shown that, along with effective purification, Sephacryl S-300HR allows preservation of the polyovirus antigenic properties and can be used in the preparation of monovalent inactivated poliovirus concentrates that meet the good quality requirements.

inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), oral polio vaccine (OPV), poliomyelitis, chromatographic purification, gel filtration

The authors grateful to L.P. Antonova and A.A. Butusova for their assistance in conducting the research.
Expression of CD44 Isoforms in Human Colorectal Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Novosad V.O. , Tonevitskaya S.A. , Maltseva D.V.
Published: December 2021

The expression profile of CD44 isoforms in 55 colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines has been evaluated based on mRNA sequencing data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database. The distribution of CD44 mRNA isoforms differs significantly between CRC lines. In 13 studied lines, including Caco-2 and RKO, CD44 expression was not detected. In most other lines CD44 mRNA isoform 3 was the most abundant; however, the level of its expression varied, and it was absent in the MDST8 and SNU503 lines. The highest level of isoform 3 was observed in CW2 and T84 lines. The next most frequent was isoform 4 with its expression level lower than that of isoform 3, except for the HCT116, SNU81, NCIH508 and SNUC4 lines. The highest expression of isoform 4 was detected in the MDST8 line, the only line in which isoform 6 was also expressed. Isoform 2 was also present in CRC cell lines; its highest expression level was found in the SNU503 line. Isoforms 1, 5, and 7 did not show expression in any of the studied lines. It is necessary to take into account the mRNA expression profile of specific CD44 isoforms when choosing a cell model to study its role in CRC.

colorectal cancer, CD44 isoforms, mRNA sequencing, CCLE

The study was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 17-14-01338).
DESENVOLVIMENTO x RESERVA DO POSSÍVEL NO CENÁRIO DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO BRASILEIRO: O CASO DOS REFUGIADOS VENEZUELANOS
Authors: Leal Thaise Roberta Colares , Mattos Neto Antonio José
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar reflexões sobre a realização dos direitos fundamentais sociais que compõem o mínimo existencial para estrangeiros em situação de refúgio, considerando, além do arcabouço jurídico brasileiro, a posição inicial do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) na Ação Civil Originaria que tem por objeto a entrada de venezuelanos no Brasil, processo este ainda em curso. O método empregado foi o dedutivo, a partir de pesquisas bibliográfica e jurisprudencial. Conclui-se que os direitos fundamentais sociais garantidos aos refugiados na Lei nº 9.474, de 22/07/1997, devem ser realizados concretamente, não comportando o argumento da reserva do possível para seu incumprimento, no ambiente do Estado Democrático de Direito.
GOVERNANDO POR MEIO DA INSENSIBILIDADE: A SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA E GESTÃO BIOPOLÍTICA DOS CORPOS – A ADMINISTRAÇÃO DA MORTE NAS PRISÕES
Authors: Silva Leal Jackson , Da Rosa Alex
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho visa contribuir com a análise acerca do permanente massacre em que tem se constituído a segurança pública brasileira, e esse programa de segurança pública de fundamental importância política eleitoral, assim como mercadológica, permita trabalha com a ideia de governando através do crime, já apontado por Jonathan Simon, e que aqui se aborda em uma face ainda mais grosseira que é governando por meio da insensibilidade e da administração de massacres, sejam eles em praça pública, ou dentro da presídios e penitenciaria enquanto aparelhos (últimos) da segurança pública. Metodologicamente esse trabalho se desenvolve como um esforço teórico analítico, que dentre uma infinidade de abordagens possíveis, realiza-se uma análise foucaultiana-agambenniana, teórica, critica e reflexiva, portanto; que não explicam a totalidade do problema mas que agregam elementos para pensar a construção de subjetividades barbaras que estão por debaixo e detrás dessa realidade sangrenta e insensível ao sofrimento. O objetivo é aportar elementos e chaves de análise diante da realidade de expansão do segregacionismo que a prisão representa o ápice, e como se tem constituído uma organização e relações sociais pautadas desde uma subjetividade destrutiva e aniquiladora do outro que é a morte do ‘eu’ enquanto sujeito (ser social).
REFLEXÕES ACERCA DO IMPACTO DO CORONAVÍRUS SOBRE O DIREITO À SAÚDE E SUA TUTELA EM UMA PERSPECTIVA TRANSNACIONAL
Authors: Schmidt Felipe , Cimadon Elisandra Riffel
Published: December 2021

Este texto, desenvolvido sob o Método Indutivo e a partir de pesquisa doutrinária e legislativa, traz algumas reflexões introdutórias acerca do impacto do Coronavírus sobre o direito à saúde e sua tutela em uma perspectiva transnacional. Inicialmente, faz breve descrição do Coronavírus, abrangendo sua caracterização, origem e expansão. Em seguida, delineia as medidas jurídicas previstas na Lei n. 13.979, de 6 de fevereiro de 2020, para o enfrentamento do Coronavírus no Brasil. Depois, passa ao exame dos perfis da tutela da Saúde Pública nos Estados Liberal, Social e Transnacional. Por fim, procede à abordagem de algumas das consequências jurídicas do combate ao Coronavírus.
A INEFICÁCIA DAS MEDIDAS PENAIS BRASILEIRAS EM RELAÇÃO À PSICOPATIA: O DISTANCIAMENTO ENTRE O PSICOPATA E A SOCIEDADE
Authors: Torres Juliana Castro , Moraes Jessica Cristina de , Oliveira Zaíra Garcia de
Published: December 2021

Objetiva o presente artigo compor análise do alcance da responsabilidade penal do psicopata considerando as ramificações da culpabilidade enquanto ser imputável, semi-imputável ou inimputável. Para tanto, a pesquisa se deu em duas mãos, a primeira com a análise das características psicológicas do indivíduo identificado como psicopata, bem como a realização do incidente de insanidade mental e medidas de segurança a serem aplicadas em eventual condenação, enfatizando a importância do exame pericial. E, a segunda, deu-se com a análise das leis e jurisprudências brasileiras acerca da responsabilidade penal do psicopata. Desta feita, concluiu-se que, o estudo do tema “psicopatia” é extremamente exíguo no campo doutrinário e na construção legislativa, fator que, sem dúvidas, resulta na impossibilidade da devida aplicação da responsabilidade penal àqueles diagnosticados com este transtorno de personalidade. Isso porque, o que se observa é que sequer magistrados deliberam de forma uníssona em julgamentos que tratam de casos afetos a psicopatas.  A metodologia da pesquisa foi baseada na pesquisa descritiva, procedimentos bibliográficos, método hipotético-dedutivo e abordagem qualitativa.
COVID-19 E BIOPODER: CAPITALISMO DE VIGILÂNCIA, ESTRATÉGIAS DE E-GOVERNMENT E PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS
Authors: Arantes Tobbin Raissa , Silva Galdino Cardin Valéria
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as estratégias de e-government no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, sob a perspectiva do capitalismo de vigilância e das biopolíticas, especificamente em sede da narrativa de vigilância como forma de bem-estar e da necessidade de proteção dos dados pessoais do cidadão, tendo em vista a possibilidade de compartilhamento e utilização indevida pelo Estado e por empresas privadas. Para tanto, o presente trabalho utilizou o método hipotético-dedutivo, fundamentado em pesquisa e revisão bibliográfica aplicáveis ao caso. Como resultado, verificou-se que a crise da saúde pública impôs aos governos a necessidade de utilização do ambiente virtual para a prestação de serviços e para a concretização de políticas públicas estatais. Contudo, tais estratégias, se baseadas em biopolíticas e no exacerbado capitalismo pós-moderno, podem representar vigilância excessiva, prejudicando os direitos à privacidade e à autodeterminação informativa, essenciais para a proteção dos dados pessoais.
REPENSANDO A DEMOCRACIA: UMA CRÍTICA GARANTISTA À ATUAL CONFIGURAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE DIREITO
Authors: Barreto Junior Williem da Silva , De Cademartori Sérgio Urquhart
Published: December 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a crítica garantista à atual configuração do estado constitucional. No seu desenvolvimento, são apresentadas inconsistências das dimensões formal e substancial da democracia, assim como as soluções sugeridas pelo teórico italiano, Luigi Ferrajoli, para debelá-las. Conclui-se pela necessidade de um redimensionamento estrutural do estado de direito, sob as seguintes premissas: a) limitação aos poderes públicos/privados desregulados; b) fortalecimento dos partidos políticos enquanto instâncias independentes de representação; c) reforma da teoria tripartite, de Montesquieu; e d) reforço e ampliação da zona de influência dos quatro postulados garantistas básicos. Para tanto, numa abordagem qualitativa, emprega-se o método bibliográfico, com pesquisas realizadas em livros, teses e artigos acadêmicos publicados em periódicos de prestígio.
O CONTROLE SOCIAL POR MEIO DA TRANSPARÊNCIA ATIVA E PASSIVA NO ENFRENTAMENTO À CORRUPÇÃO
Authors: Cordeiro Krug Ana Paula , Gesta Leal Rogério
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho tem como tema a transparência ativa e passiva como ferramenta ao exercício do controle social em um Estado Democrático de Direito à luz da cidadania participativa e da Lei de Acesso à informação. Como problema central o seguinte questionamento: Considerando-se a prerrogativa do Estado Democrático de Direito, a efetividade da Lei de Acesso à Informação tem fim em si mesmo para o exercício do controle social como forma de enfrentamento à corrupção? Propõe-se como objetivos demonstrar que a importância da cidadania participativa na concepção de um Estado Democrático de Direito; identificar se a Lei de Acesso à Informação é uma forma direta de exercício do controle social; e analisar os desafios e efetividade da Lei de Acesso à Informação após sua entrada em vigor em relação ao cumprimento das exigências dos parâmetros da transparência e de enfrentamento à corrupção. Para isso, usou-se como parâmetro os dados dos relatórios disponibilizados pelo Tribunal de Contas do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018 e 2019, em relação aos municípios do estado. A metodologia utilizada foi a bibliográfica, bem ainda se utilizou do processo de visitação no site do Tribunal de Contas do Rio Grande do Sul. Desse modo, conclui-se que a transparência ativa e passiva são ferramentas de meio para efetivar o controle social e, com efeito, formas de inibir a prática da corrupção na gestão pública.
A EDUCAÇÃO EM BIOÉTICA NA DECLARAÇÃO UNIVERSAL SOBRE BIOÉTICA E DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Pereira de Morais Gonzalez Cristiani , De Araújo Borges Maria Creusa
Published: December 2021

A ética da vida é imprescindível na contemporaneidade e os assuntos atinentes a ela interessam a todos. Mas, para poderem participar dos debates e mesmo da busca de soluções aos problemas neste campo, os cidadãos precisam ser educados em bioética. Assim, a partir de uma pesquisa descritiva, bibliográfica e documental, busca-se verificar como a educação em bioética está prevista na Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos da UNESCO. Com vistas a alcançar tal objetivo, utilizando-se o método dedutivo de abordagem, organiza-se este artigo em quatro tópicos: no primeiro, apresentam-se concepções de direitos humanos; no segundo, noções de bioética; no terceiro, interseções entre bioética e direitos humanos; e no quarto e último, reflexões sobre o direito à educação e a educação em bioética, sendo esta descrita a partir da Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos. Com a análise, constata-se que, embora a educação em bioética esteja prevista no artigo 23 da citada Declaração como uma das medidas para a promoção desta, o processo de educar em bioética não está detalhado. Ainda assim, o reconhecimento dessa educação em tal instrumento representa um expressivo passo para a promoção do respeito à dignidade da pessoa humana diante das questões suscitadas pelo progresso e suas tecnologias.
Career orientations of women in Russia: The kaleidoscope career model
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Khasieva Daria D.
Published: December 2021

The gender composition of the labor force has changed significantly due to the emergence of a number of new social and economic trends in most countries. Russia is no exception. Nowadays women constitute almost half of the workforce in Russia what emphasizes the importance of understanding their career expectations and professional development paths. Historically, career research was based on investigation of professional activities of men, which did not provide opportunities to objectively assess gender-specific factors affecting the career path of women significantly. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of women's career paths and the features of career orientations, to assess the impact of gender-specific barriers, and to analyze the existing practices used by organizations in Russia to support working women. The kaleidoscope career model is applied as an evaluation tool. The results of the study show that there is a high level of orientation to challenge and authenticity among working women in Russia, a low level of influence of gender-specific stereotypes, as well as an insufficient development of practices directed towards professional development of women in the Russian companies. The conclusions made in the paper present an important addition to the knowledge about the contextual specificity of women's careers and can be employed in the development of effective women-oriented human resource management systems.
Stakeholder analysis as a tool for improving strategic planning of the urban environment
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Semenova Anna M. , Sanina Anna G. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Styrin Evgeny M. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Titov Eduard A. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: December 2021

Contemporary urban governance increasingly involves the participation of various groups of stakeholders in the strategic planning and development of urban environment. Coordination of actions of city authorities and stakeholders becomes one of the most important issues of the governmental effectiveness, while the search for interested groups and cooperation with them is an important direction of both research and governmental activities. In this study, we aim to identify stakeholders in smart city development process and test the effectiveness of the stakeholderanalysis method as a tool for improving strategic planning of the urban environment, using the case of Moscow. We demonstrate how the use of the tools of social network analysis allows to focus strategic documents on stakeholder groups that play an important role in the development of the city, although not an obvious one. The object of empirical study is social relations between the main stakeholders of urban environment that influence strategic management. We use the centrality measures analysis to identify the main stakeholders that have the strongest and weakest impact on the development of a smart city of Moscow, and the edge betweenness method to identify the existing communities of urban actors. The paper discusses the problems of communication strategizing in large cities, and also concludes that the use of stakeholder analysis in the context of the urban environment can improve the quality of strategy development and implementation.
Strategic academic leadership programs in Russia: Past and future
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Molitvin Mikhail N. , Suyazov Vyacheslav V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the projects aimed to develop the national higher education system: “5-100” supporting regional flagship universities and the “Priority 2030” program, as well as the problems of their implementation and opportunities for participating universities to improve their results in terms of ensuring the constitutional right of the citizens for affordable and quality education. It has become evident that although the concentration of resources in the group of leading universities contributes to their entry into prestigious international academic rankings, it widens the gap between them and the bulk of other universities as regards the infrastructure, procurement and human resourcing that deteriorates the development of the educational system as a whole. The authors emphasize the necessity to consider the experience of implementing the “5-100” project in the future, in particular, when carrying out the “Priority 2030” project launched in 2021. The authors outline positive aspects of this project which can facilitate the development mechanisms for the regions in the Russian Federation as a result of the government funding and the creation of consortia with leading universities. The article also covers the key points during the tendering procedures of the Priority 2030 project, which in the future can play a significant role in the process of implementation of development programs for individual universities. The authors conclude that the use of the “5-100” project experience can improve the performance of the entire system of the national higher education.
CT-fusion-guided thoracic endovascular aortic repair: Case report and literature review
Authors:   City Hospital no. 40, Khilchuk Anton ,   St. Petersburg State University, Payvin Artyom ,   City Hospital no. 40, Scherbak Sergey ,   St. Petersburg State University, Guryev Valentin ,   City Hospital no. 40, Karmazanashvili Evgeniy ,   City Hospital no. 26, Lazakovich Dmitriy ,   City Hospital no. 40
Published: December 2021

Interventional and hybrid methods of treatment, combining open surgical and endovascular repairs, are the most promising areas in the surgery of the thoracoabdominal aorta. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that complex thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) is one of the most high-dose endovascular interventions. In addition, TEVAR is associated with the use of a significant volume of contrast media (CM), which can lead to contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). The use of advanced imaging techniques and computed tomographic fusion (CT-fusion) in routine practice can potentially reduce operation duration, radiation exposure and CM volume usage. We analyzed the literature on CTfusion in endovascular aortic repair and present a clinical case of a 50-year-old male with a history of concomitant blunt chest trauma. CT of the chest revealed an aneurysm of the arch and descending aorta after traumatic dissection of the aorta (IIIa DeBakey, type B Stanford), post-traumatic diaphragmatic hernia of the left dome of the diaphragm with stomach and intestinal loops prolapse. The patient underwent a staged hybrid intervention — subtotal aortic arch debranching followed by CT-fusion-guided semi-arch TEVAR. CT-fusion is a dynamically developing technology, may reduce the CM volume, the duration of the procedure and radiation exposure and requires further research.
Challenging international treaties before the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union: Theoretical analysis
Authors:   Court of the Eurasian Economic Union, Kolos Denis G.
Published: December 2021

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the provisions of the law of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) applicable to challenging international treaties concluded within the framework of the Union before the Court of the EAEU.The author identifies certain contradictory aspects in the law governing this category of cases that are due to the cumulative legal nature of the acts submitted for judicial review, the subject of the dispute and its disputants (parties). It is argued that the Union’s exercise of its international legal capacity to conclude treaties may give rise to several questions that require legal assessment, including whether the object and purpose of an international treaty are lawful, the expression of will by the Union is valid, and whether the observance of the conclusion procedure is complied with. In this regard, the author critically assesses the lack of competence of the EAEU Court to review international treaties made by the Union with third states, their integration associations, and international organizations. By referring to the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the author demonstrates that judicial control plays a significant role in assessing questions of competence and substance with respect to the exercise of legal capacity to conclude treaties by an integration association. The author puts forward and substantiates the proposal to reform the existing competence of the Court of the EAEU to settle disputes on the conformity of international treaties within the Union to the EAEU Treaty and replace it with the competence to carry out an optional preliminary review of international treaties within the Union and international treaties with third parties to assess their compliance with the EAEU Treaty. It is suggested that member states and bodies of the EAEU, that are engaged in concluding a treaty, should have the right to address the Court of the EAEU with a request to conduct a review. If implemented, the proposal will expand the scope of judicial control beyond international treaties within the Union to also include international treaties with third parties. This will positively impact the stability of the Eurasian legal order.
Advancements of MRI-based Brain Tumor Segmentation from Traditional to Recent Trends: A Review
Authors: Kalaiselvi Thiruvenkadam , Padmapriya Thiyagarajan , Sriramakrishnan Padmanaban , Somasundaram Karuppanagounder
Published: December 2021

Background:

Among brain-related diseases, brain tumor segmentation on magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) scans is one of the highly focused research domains in the medical community.
Brain tumor segmentation is challenging due to its asymmetric form and uncertain boundaries.
This process segregates the tumor region into the active tumor, necrosis, and edema from normal
brain tissues such as white matter (WM), grey matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Introduction:

The proposed paper analyzed the advancement of brain tumor segmentation from
conventional image processing techniques to deep learning through machine learning on MRI of
human head scans.

Method:

State-of-the-art methods of these three techniques are investigated, and the merits and demerits
are discussed.

Results:

The primary aim of the paper is to motivate young researchers towards the development
of efficient brain tumor segmentation techniques using conventional as well as recent technologies.

Conclusion:

The proposed analysis concluded that the conventional and machine learning methods
were mainly applied for brain tumor detection, whereas deep learning methods were good at segmenting
tumor substructures.
Commentary on the Article “Multiple Hormonal and Metabolic Deficiency
Syndrome Predicts Outcome in Heart Failure: The T.O.S.CA. Registry”,
Antonio Cittadini et al. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2021
Authors: Triggiani Vincenzo , Lisco Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

:

Chronic heart failure represents a relevant concern for public health. The endocrine system
is heavily involved in the induction and progression of chronic heart failure. Among endocrine
disorders, the most relevant alterations are related to the growth hormone-insulin like growth factor
1 axis, serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, triiodothyronine levels, insulin resistance,
and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is currently debated whether these changes might be simple
adaptive mechanisms or, instead, they may deteriorate myocardial pump function over time. In this
commentary on a recently published paper by Antonio Cittadini et al. (Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2021),
we briefly presented and discussed data form the “Trattamento Ormonale nello Scompenso CArdiaco;
Hormone Treatment in Heart Failure (TOSCA) Registry”. One or more hormonal deficiencies
or metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, were more commonly diagnosed
in patients with heart failure (358 patients, 75% of study group). The presence of multiple
hormone deficiency identified a subset of patients at increased risk of hospitalization and death,
with a graded relation between the number of deficiencies and total events. This finding suggests a
possible causal role of hormone deficiencies in CHF progression. Screening of hormonal and
metabolic imbalances in CHF patients would be an interesting opportunity for improving the prognosis
of patients with heart failure as it would identify high-risk patients requiring an additional
medical management of the underlying endocrine and metabolic disorders.
effect of underwriter's reputation and auditor's reputation on underpricing in medium companies taking an initial public offering on the Indonesia stock exchange
Authors: Apsari P. Lelyta Apti Dhina , Yasa Gerianta Wirawan , Astika Ida Bagus Putra
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of auditor reputation and the effect of underwriter reputation on medium-sized companies that conduct initial public offerings. This research was conducted on 190 companies experiencing underpricing listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2016-2021 period, the research data used in this study is secondary data. The number of samples analyzed was 130 development board companies and experienced underpricing because companies that met the sample criteria. The analytical technique used in this study was Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results of the study prove that underwriter reputation has a negative influence on underpricing of medium-sized companies that conduct initial public offerings. The reputation of the auditor has no effect on the underpricing of medium-sized companies that make this initial public offering on the IDX.
O texto literário na aula de PLE Algumas considerações e uma proposta para a didatização do conto Bibliotecas, de Valter Hugo Mãe
Authors: Ferreira Daniel , Duarte Isabel Margarida
Published: December 2021

The use of literary texts results in extremely productive strategies for foreign language classes. Its resource creates an opportunity for reflective practice on the target language-culture and, consequently, enables the training of skills that are not only linguistic but also cognitive, aesthetic, cultural, social and human (Council of Europe 2001, 2018). Based on these assumptions, this study aims to promote literary texts in Portuguese as a foreign language (PFL) learning and teaching contexts and, for that purpose, follows the problematization of some theories and practices. At the end, there is a proposal for didacticization of “Bibliotecas”, a tale by Valter Hugo Mãe, as a suggestion for the introduction of literary texts in PFL classes.
«Cultura» en el PEFPI intereses del profesorado de español en formación inicial
Authors: Nicolás Martínez Pilar , Pazos Anido Marta , Barros Lorenzo Mónica
Published: December 2021

This study is framed in the context of the pre-service masters degrees in the teaching of languages (Spanish as a foreign language + Portuguese as a mother tongue, and Spanish + English as foreign languages) given at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto. This training is preparation for the teaching of languages in lower and upper secondary education in Portugal.During the second year of these masters degrees, trainees conduct a teaching practicum in secondary schools and prepare a reflective portfolio related to this experience. One of the sections of this document is based on the descriptors of the European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages (EPOSTL).In this study, seventy-five trainee portfolios were collected from 2014 to 2019 and the written reflections related to the EPOSTL descriptors associated with “Culture” were selected for analysis. The objective was to analyse trainees’ concerns, interests and perceptions about culture and its didactics in Spanish classroom, and in light of this, consider how to improve the training offered.