bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Azimuthal multiple signal classification of dispersive and aliased surface waves recorded in 3D seismic acquisition
Authors: Yang Chunying , Wang Wenchuang
Published: November 2021

Irregular acquisition geometry causes discontinuities in the appearance of surface wave events, and a large offset causes seismic records to appear as aliased surface waves. The conventional method of sampling data affects the accuracy of the dispersion spectrum and reduces the resolution of surface waves. At the same time, “mode kissing” of the low-velocity layer and inhomogeneous scatterers requires a high-resolution method for calculating surface wave dispersion. This study tests the use of the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm in 3D multichannel and aliased wavefield separation. Azimuthal MUSIC is a useful method to estimate the phase velocity spectrum of aliased surface wave data, and it represents the dispersion spectra of low-velocity and inhomogeneous models. The results of this study demonstrate that the mode kissing affects dispersion imaging, and inhomogeneous scatterers change the direction of surface-wave propagation. Surface waves generated from the new propagation directions also are dispersive. The scattered surface wave has a new dispersion pattern different from that of the entire record. Diagonal loading is introduced to improve the robustness of azimuthal MUSIC, and numerical experiments demonstrate the resultant effectiveness of imaging aliasing surface waves. A phase-matched filter is applied to the results of azimuthal MUSIC, and phase iterations are unwrapped in a fast and stable manner. Aliased surface waves and body waves are separated during this process. Overall, field data demonstrate that the azimuthal MUSIC and the phase-matched filters can successfully separate aliased surface waves.
Extraction of diffractions from seismic data using convolutional U-net and transfer learning
Authors: Kim Sooyoon , Jee Seol Soon , Byun Joongmoo , Oh Seokmin
Published: November 2021

Diffraction images can be used for modeling reservoir heterogeneities at or below the seismic wavelength scale. However, the extraction of diffractions is challenging because their amplitude is weaker than that of overlapping reflections. Recently, deep-learning (DL) approaches have been used as a powerful tool for diffraction extraction. Most DL approaches use a classification algorithm that classifies pixels in the seismic data as diffraction, reflection, noise, or diffraction with reflection and takes whole values for the classified diffraction pixels. Thus, these DL methods cannot extract diffraction energy from pixels for which diffractions are masked by reflections. We have developed a DL-based diffraction extraction method that preserves the amplitude and phase characteristics of diffractions. Through the systematic generation of a training data set using synthetic modeling based on t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis, this technique extracts not only faint diffractions but also diffraction tails overlapped by strong reflection events. We also determine that the DL model pretrained with a basic synthetic data set can be applied to seismic field data through transfer learning. Because the diffractions extracted by our method preserve the amplitude and phase, they can be used for velocity model building and high-resolution diffraction imaging.
Using rock-physics models to validate rock composition from multimineral log analysis
Authors: Cheng Liwei , Prasad Manika , Michelena Reinaldo J. , Tura Ali , Akther Shamima , Angelov Petar Vladov , Narhari Srinivasa Rao
Published: November 2021

Multimineral log analysis is a quantitative formation evaluation tool for geologic and petrophysical reservoir characterization. Rock composition can be estimated by solving equations that relate log measurements to the petrophysical endpoints of minerals and fluids. Due to errors in log data and uncertainties in petrophysical endpoints of constituents, we have used effective medium models from rock physics as additional independent information to validate or constrain the results. We examine the Voigt-Reuss (VR) bound model, self-consistent approximation (SCA), and differential effective medium (DEM). The VR bound model provides the first-order quality control of multimineral results. We first show a conventional carbonate reservoir study with intervals in which the predicted effective medium models from multimineral results are inconsistent with measured elastic properties. We use the VR bound model as an inequality constraint in multimineral analysis for plausible alternative solutions. The SCA and DEM models provide good estimates in low-porosity intervals and imply geologic information for porous intervals. Then, we present a field case of the Bakken and Three Forks formations. A linear interpolation of the VR bound model helps validate multimineral results and approximate the elastic moduli of clay. There are two major advantages to using our new method: (1) Rock-physics effective medium models provide independent quality control of petrophysical multimineral results and (2) multimineral information leads to realistic rock-physics models.
Study on the pore structure and fractal characteristics on shale rock and isolated organic matter in lacustrine shales from the Changling fault depression in the Songliao Basin, China
Authors: Liang Zhikai , Jiang Zhenxue , Li Zhuo , Gao Fenglin , Wang Chengxi , Wang Meng
Published: November 2021

The stock of shale gas in the Shahezi shale reservoir in the Changling fault depression, Songliao Basin, is believed to be worth exploring. In-depth study on the pore structure and fractal characterization of organic matter (OM) can help better understand the pore system of shale reservoir, which has implications for the exploration of lacustrine shale. To demonstrate the nanoscale pore structure and irregularity of the isolated OM, we collected a large number of samples and then conducted a series of laboratory experiments, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] adsorption experiments to determine the pore structure parameters and reveal their heterogeneity according to Frenkel-Halsey-Hill theory. As suggested by the experimental results, the pore size distribution curve of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] exhibits similar pore peaks, whereas the trends of change in bulk shale and isolated OM samples are basically paralleled. The pore volume of the isolated OM ranges between 0.034 and [Formula: see text], which is approximately 0.90–3.06 times that of bulk shale samples. As for the fractal dimensions [Formula: see text] (2.594 on average) and [Formula: see text] (2.657 on average) of bulk shale, they are larger as compared with isolated OM, indicating that inorganic minerals can make a significant difference in the heterogeneity of shale pores. The fractal dimensions ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) of bulk shales indicate a close correlation with the parameters of pore structure, whereas there is no significant correlation observed between the dimensions of isolated OM and its parameters. In addition, thermal maturity and solid bitumen have only limited impact on the OM pore structure of isolated OM samples. Then, we conducted further research to reveal that the insoluble OM macerals derived from terrestrial higher plants can be used to explain the difference in pore structure and heterogeneity between isolated OM samples. Therefore, we arrived at the conclusion that the composition of macerals depends on the exact pore structure and fractal characteristics of isolated OM samples with similarity in thermal maturity.
Sea bottom characteristics and geochemistry of oil and gas seeps in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Decker John , Teas Philip , Orange Daniel , Bernard Bernie B.
Published: November 2021

From 2015 to 2018, TGS conducted a comprehensive multiclient oil and gas seep mapping survey in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The basis for identifying seeps on the sea bottom was a high-resolution multibeam echosounder survey, mapping approximately 880,000 km2 of the sea bottom deeper than 750 m water depth, at a bathymetric resolution of 15 m, and a backscatter resolution of 5 m. We identified more than 5000 potential oil and/or gas seeps, and of those, we cored approximately 1500 for hydrocarbon geochemical analysis. The sea bottom features best related to hydrocarbon seepage in the GOM are high backscatter features, mud volcanoes, pock marks, brine pools, “popcorn” texture, fault traces, and anticlinal crests. We also tracked gas plumes in the water column back to the sea bottom to provide an additional criterion for hydrocarbon seepage. Cores from sea bottom targets recovered liquid oil, tar, and gas hydrates. Oil extract and gas analyses of samples from most target types produced values substantially higher than background in both oil and gas.
A novel exploration technique using the microbial fingerprint of shallow sediment to detect hydrocarbon microseepage and predict hydrocarbon charge — An Argentinian case study
Authors: Chiţu Alin G. , Zijp Mart H. A. A. , Zwaan Jonathan
Published: November 2021

The fundamental assumption of many successful geochemical and geomicrobial technologies developed in the past 80 years is that hydrocarbons leak from subsurface accumulations vertically to the surface. Driven by buoyancy, the process involves sufficiently large volumes directly measurable or indirectly inferable from their surface expressions. Even when the additional hydrocarbons are not measurable, their presence slightly changes the environment where complex microbial communities live, and acts as an evolutionary constraint on their development. Because the ecology of this ecosystem is very complicated, we have used the full-microbiome analysis of the shallow sediments (soil and seabed) samples instead of targeting only a selected number of known species and the use of machine learning for uncovering meaningful correlations in these data. We achieved this by sequencing the microbial biomass in each sample and generating its “DNA fingerprint,” and by analyzing the abundance and distribution of the microbes over the data set. Our technology uses machine learning as a fast and accurate tool for determining the detailed interactions among the various microorganisms and their environment due to the presence or absence of hydrocarbons, thus overcoming data complexity. In a proof-of-technology study, we have taken more than a thousand samples in the Neuquén Basin in Argentina over three distinct areas, namely, an oil field, a gas field, and a dry location outside the basin, and created several successful predictive models. We kept a subset of randomly selected samples outside of the training set and asked the client operator to blind them, providing the means for objectively validating the prediction performance of this methodology. Uncovering the blinded data set after estimating the prospectivity for each sample revealed that we correctly predicted most of these samples. This very encouraging result indicates that analyzing the microbial ecosystem in shallow sediment can, with the appropriate training data, be an additional derisking method in assessing hydrocarbon prospects and improve the probability of success of a drilling campaign.
Origin of shallow gas in the Dutch North Sea — Seismic versus geochemical evidence
Authors: de Bruin Geert , ten Veen Johan , Wilpshaar Martin , Versteijlen Noortje , Geel Kees , Verweij Hanneke , Carpentier Stefan
Published: November 2021

In the Dutch offshore, we have observed numerous acoustic anomalies, usually bright spots, in seismic data of Cenozoic deltaic deposits. When associated with shallow gas, these bright spots are good indicators of resource potential, drilling hazard, or seabed methane emissions. We apply a combined seismic and petrophysical assessment to qualify the bright spots as direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs) for shallow gas and to exclude alternative sources of seismic anomalies. In some cases, we use other DHIs such as flat spots, velocity push-downs, transmission, and attenuation effects as estimators for gas saturation. A long-standing discussion concerns the sourcing and migration of shallow gas. Although vertical seismic noise trails (chimneys) tend to be seen as proof that shallow gas originates from the migration of deeper sourced thermogenic gas, the geochemical and isotope analyses almost exclusively indicate that the gas is of microbial origin and generated in situ in the Cenozoic strata. We conclude that the observed “chimneys” are most likely transmission effects, that is, artifacts that do not represent migration pathways of gas. Hence, we believe that for the Dutch offshore, the presence of shallow biogenic gas is not indicative of leakage of deeper thermogenic petroleum plays and cannot be used as an exploration tool for these deeper targets.
A new approach to processing and imaging multibeam water column echosounder data: Application to a complex methane seep on the southern Cascadia margin
Authors: Tréhu Anne M. , Beeson Jeffrey W. , Merle Susan G.
Published: November 2021

Acoustic echosounding systems are increasingly used to image water-column backscatter in addition to mapping the seafloor. We have imaged an acoustic flare generated by methane bubbles emanating from a vent sourced at 1840 m water depth offshore northern California using a shipboard Kongsberg EM122. Data include five transits over the flare and approximately 11 h of continuous observation when the ship held station. Shipboard observations showed a strong flare splitting into multiple smaller, intermittent flares at a water depth of 800–1200 m and pronounced temporal variability. We introduce a new approach to processing the data in which we correct the backscatter data for ship motion and bin the data into voxels with dimensions of 20 m in X and Y and 40 m in Z for a transit over the flare and into vertical slices with dimensions of 15 m in X and Z and 4 min in time when the ship was stationary. The processed data indicate that the signal is dominated by bubbles emanating from a source region with a diameter of approximately 40 m located on the southern edge of what is likely a ring of sources with a diameter of approximately 600 m. When the ship was stationary, we were able to track an individual pulse rising at a rate of 8–10 m/min. Our results illustrate the limitations of monitoring temporal variation in gas flux using multibeam echosounders because of the trade-off between imaging the entire flare by averaging over tens of minutes to hours and observing a slice through the flare to capture short-lived pulses of gas expulsion. Nevertheless, because echosounders are widely available, they can continue to provide valuable data on the spatial and temporal distribution of gas emissions on continental margins that can be used to frame hypotheses and plan more comprehensive follow-up experiments.
Numerical Simulation of Laminar Boundary Layer Flow Over a Horizontal Flat Plate in External Incompressible Viscous Fluid
Authors: Belhocine Ali , Stojanovic Nadica , Abdullah Oday Ibraheem
Published: November 2021

In this paper, steady laminar boundary layer flow of a Newtonian fluid over a flat plate in a uniform free stream was investigated numerically when the surface plate is heated by forced convection from the hot fluid. This flow is a good model of many situations involving flow over fins that are relatively widely spaced. All the solutions given here were with constant fluid properties and negligible viscous dissipation for two-dimensional, steady, incompressible laminar flow with zero pressure gradient. The similarity solution has shown its efficiency here to transform the governing equations of the thermal boundary layer into a nonlinear, third-order ordinary differential equation and solved numerically by using 4th-order Runge-Kutta method which in turn was programmed in FORTRAN language. The dimensionless temperature, velocity, and all boundary layer functions profiles were obtained and plotted in figures for different parameters entering into the problem. Several results of best approximations and expressions of important correlations relating to heat transfer rates were drawn in this study of which Prandtl’s number to the plate for physical interest was also discussed across the tables. The same case of solution procedure was made for a plane plate subjected to other thermal boundary conditions in a laminar flow. Finally, for the validation of the treated numerical model, the results obtained are in good agreement with those of the specialized literature, and comparison with available results in certain cases is excellent.
A Guide to the Ants of Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia): Identification Key to Ant Genera and Images of the EFForTS collection
Authors: Nazarreta Rizky , Damayanti Buchori  , Yoshiaki Hashimoto  , Purnama Hidayat  , Stefan Scheu  , Jochen Drescher
Published: November 2021

Ants are tiny creatures that are often overlooked in our everyday lives. Yet, there are more than 15.000 species of ants on Earth, and their total biomass is higher than that of all humans combined. They invented agriculture more than 50 million years ago, turn more soil than earthworms, can lift 5,000 times their body weight, and can form supercolonies that span across continents. With the third largest tropical forest in the world, Indonesia is home to thousands of ant species, many of them unknown to science. This book documents more than 300 ant species that were found in rainforests and agroforestry of Jambi Province, Sumatra, and includes a recently updated Identification Key to the ant genera of Southeast Asia. Studying this book will bring you closer to our planet’s fascinating diversity, and the little things that run our world. This book will be a great starting point for those who want to know more about the ants of Southeast Asia, as well as a valuable resource for scientists andstudents studying ants this part of the world. All in all, this book is a compendium of the ants of Jambi, Sumatra, and embodies a starting point for further ant research in Indonesia.
Pemanfaatan Batubara Kalori Rendah Pada PLTU untuk Menurunkan Biaya Bahan Bakar Produksi
Authors: Wibowo Suriyan Arif , Windarta Jaka
Published: November 2021

Tingginya jumlah sumber daya dan cadangan batubara kalori rendah, perlu untuk ditingkatkan pemanfaatannya. Penyediaan energi sampai dengan tahun 2050 diperkirakan tetap didominasi oleh energi fosil. Energi fosil yang tumbuh paling pesat adalah batubara karena sektor pembangkit listrik didominasi oleh PLTU batubara. Sebagai salah satu upaya untuk memanfaatkan batubara nilai kalori rendah yang mempunyai harga energi yang relatif lebih murah, maka dapat dilakukan alternatif pemanfaatan batubara tersebut dengan metode coal blending, coal switching, ataupun coal drying pada PLTU. Coal blending merupakan cara terbaik untuk mengatasi masalah ketersediaan batubara dan ketergantungan terhadap satu sumber pemasok batubara untuk PLTU di Indonesia. Dengan mengganti batubara menjadi kalori yang lebih rendah (coal switching) memang akan menaikkan jumlah konsumsi batu bara, namun karena harganya lebih murah, maka masih didapat penghematan secara finansial. Coal drying dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk memperbaiki kualitas batubara yang mempunyai kandungan moisture tinggi, sehingga batubara tersebut dapat digunakan untuk bahan bakar PLTU eksisting.
Pemanfaatan Energi Matahari Sebagai Energi Bersih yang Ramah Lingkungan
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Windarta Jaka
Published: November 2021

Pemanfaatan energi primer yang baru dan terbarukan mulai banyak di terapkan di berbagai negara, dikarenakan berkurangnya sumber bahan baku energi primer yang berasal dari fosil (minyak bumi, gas dan batubara). Usaha untuk menggantikan energi primer yang berasal dari fosil selain dari berkurangnya cadangan baik minyak bumi, gas dan batubara, juga disebabkan karena pengaruh emisi gas buang dari pemanfaatan energi primer dari fosil. Energi primer dari fosil dalam setiap perubahan bentuk energinya seringkali menggunakan teknologi insinerasi yang menyebabkan peningkatan emisi karbondioksida sehingga dapat berakibat buruk terhadap lingkungan dan mempengaruhi perubahan iklim. Dalam makalah ini penulis menitikberatkan pemanfaatan energy primer dari matahari menjadi energi final yang dapat secara langsung dimanfaatkan dan juga tidak mengeluarkan emisi karbondioksida. Pemanfaatan energi matahari secara thermal diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dengan menggantikan atau mensubtitusi teknologi insinerasi yang biasanya digunakan untuk merubah energi primer menjadi energi thermal. Penggunaan sumber energi yang ramah lingkungan dengan menggunakan energi matahari ini diharapkan mampu mengurangi efek Gas Rumah Kaca dan dapat mencegah perubahan iklim yang ekstrim.
Cytogenetic and testicular histological alterations induced by sulphur dioxide in dried apricot leather
Authors: Zaki Eiman I. , EL-Mahdy Ahmed R. , EL-Gamal Hanan M. , El-Seedy Ayman S.
Published: November 2021

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is used as a preservative in food to prevent its discolouration, and to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Little data is available concerning its in vivo hazardous impact.The present study is therefore designed to examine the cyto-genotoxic potential and the testicular histological alterations in adult mice, induced by SO2 present in the dried apricot leather used to prepare the oriental drink Qamar Al-Deen. Two different forms of drinks were tested; cold and boiled drinks. Animals were placed into 4 groups. The first group received distilled water as a negative control.The second and third groups received orally the drink for 28 days in the form of a cold and a boiled drink, respectively. Animals of the fourth group received cyclophosphamide, they were used as a positive control for cyto-genotoxic tests. The chromosomal aberrations, as well as sperm abnormalities, were significantly elevated in animals that received the two different drink preparations. The mitotic index significantly decreased in comparison with negative and positive controls. Furthermore, histological examination showed different degrees of alterations in the testis. Our results suggest that the presence of SO2 inside the apricot leather might be responsible for these changes. Thus, these remarkable hazardous effects of SO2 on male albino mice could be used as a potential guide for the prediction of its human health impact. Furthermore, consumers could be advised to prevent excessive consumption of the drink (Qamar Al-Deen) prepared from dried apricot leather.
Introducing theme-based listening materials into English writing: Focusing on learner affectivity
Authors: Uenishi Koji
Published: November 2021

Recently, in the global society the focus in foreign language education has tended to be on productive skills from elementary school through university. It is natural that when we try to communicate with other people in English, in addition to receptive skills (input), productive skills (output) are also important to convey our feelings and thoughts to others. In order to make ourselves understood through language, the language–related input is vital; then we need to acquire sufficient productive skills through it. That is to say, without input, output cannot be possible.

This research attempts to enhance the quality and quantity of input by using listening materials in a writing class as one of the useful activities for input. This leads to writing activities being carried out as output. In this case, the class contents which will be useful for the learners in their future careers are adopted. From this perspective, the relevance between listening and writing activities is explored.
Effect of Broiler Prices on Logistics and Supply Chains In Developing The Poultry Industry In Egypt
Authors: Shehata Gaber Ahmed Bassyouni , El-Kawy Abd El-Kareem E. Abd , Zahran Hanan A. , Kamal Ehab M.
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to study the effect of changes of broiler prices on the profitability of broiler logistics under Egyptian conditions.

This study was undertaken during the period 2016 – 2020 on random cycles of both broiler and layer farms in three different provinces which were Menofia, Kaliobia and Giza. The data were collected from a cross-sectional survey on the broiler and during the data collection the researcher was contact with the poultry holders and managers. The data were collected from the accurate records which available in the poultry farms of the study areas and from the structured questionnaires methods which established by the researcher and admitted to the farmers during the time of interview, also, the data collected from the Agricultural Directorates of governorates,  Livestock development sector and Economic Affairs Sector. The data includes data about logistics costs, returns and net prpfits of broiler production, the data were analyized statistically and economically.

The price of  broilers considered as the main variable affecting the profitability of broiler production farms.  The price of poultry affected by the costs of production costs that includes variable and fixed costs

The results, concluded that, the higher prices of  broiler prices observed during the years 2018, 2019 and 2020 than that of years 2016 and 2017 and in winter seasons than the summer seasons. The increasing of  broiler prices causes increasing returns level for broiler sales, the summer seasons achieved a higher net profit than the winter seasons due to increasing the level of production costs in winter seasons than the summer seasons.
Knowledge and Pattern of Mental Health Care Practices in Buea Health District
Authors: Ghangha Ghangha Jamin , Fobellah Nkengafac N. , Ateghang-Awankem Bernadette , Atanga Ndeso Sylvester
Published: November 2021

Background: According to the WHO, mental health is “a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”. Healthcare providers especially in primary health care play a major role in the management of individuals who are mentally challenged. This study describes the knowledge and mental health care delivery patterns in the Buea Health District.Methods: We conducted a hospital- based cross-sectional study in 15 randomly selected health care facilities in the Buea Health district. Structured questionnaires were administered to healthcare providers (doctors, nurses and counselors/psychologists) in the selected health facilities to assess their level of knowledge and type of mental health care rendered to clients in Buea community of the south west region of Cameroon.Results: Out of a total of 300 questionnaires distributed, 292 were returned giving a response rate of 99.3%. Of the 292 participants, 117 (40.1%) health care providers had low knowledge levels of mental health disorders. Similarly, 114 (39.0%) of HCP (Health Care Providers) did not practice mental health care delivery in conformity to acceptable standards. HCP who had attained the Masters level of education and who had 7-10 years of work experience were more likely to have good knowledge on mental health disorders (OR = 1.33, CI = 0.10-6.56, P-value = 0.030 and OR = 0.51, CI = 0.19-0.59, P-value = 0.001 respectively), compared to less trained professionals. Regarding practice, being a female was a most likely factor for good practice of mental health care (OR = 0.82, CI = 0.49 – 0.38, P-value = 0.024) compared to being a male.Conclusion: Knowledge levels among practitioners of mental disorders and practiced care in the Buea Health District is below acceptable standards. There is an urgent need to train HCPs in mental health and ideal practice situations for the improvement of mental health care delivery in the district and the region.
Teachers’ Talk of a Walk they Don’t Stride: A Case Study of Education Student Teachers’ Perspectives on Hookah Smoking
Authors: Ghamrawi Najah
Published: November 2021

Hookah smoking is widely spreading among Lebanese adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives of prospective student teachers pertaining to hookah smoking to determine their readiness to educate their future students in what relates to the dangers of smoking.  The sample consisted of education sophomore student teachers (N=53), at the Education Faculty of one university in Lebanon. Participants constituted of the students enrolled in two educational psychology classes taught by the researcher. The topic was not part of what is being taught to students at the university. The e-survey obtained information on participants’ demographics, hookah smoking awareness, and their educative perspectives on hookah smoking. The study used mixed methods employing an 18-item survey on hookah smoking, alongside a semi structured heterogeneous focus group interview with six student teachers; two who were identified respectively as: hookah smokers, non-smokers, semi-smokers, and all were selected randomly from the pool of participants. Findings suggest that education student teachers have dispersed and unbalanced educative perceptions on hookah smoking. The study recommends that an efficient Lebanese anti-smoking awareness program should highly emphasize targeting the college student teachers, who are at the future front line with the youthful upcoming generation, and thus can highly affect their awareness pertaining to smoking in general, and hookah smoking in specific.
How to kill two birds with one stone: EMI teachers’ needs in higher education in China
Authors: Curdt-Christiansen Xiao Lan , Gao Bin , Sun Baoqi
Published: November 2021

Since their implementation in China’s tertiary education system two decades ago, EMI programmes have been reported largely less successful and more problematic than envisioned. Although portrayed as killing two birds with one stone, whereby both subject content learning and English language proficiency can be achieved in the same classroom, EMI has in reality been revealed to present a series of thorny problems, from teaching quality to learning achievements, from teachers’ insufficient language proficiency to students’ unsatisfactory academic outcomes. This paper addresses one of the critical issues in EMI implementation: what teachers need in order to bring about successful language learning as well as adequate subject content learning. Data sources include a questionnaire collected from different disciplinary programmes across universities in China (n = 158), and interviews of nine lecturers from both key and non-key universities. The results suggest that the needs of these EMI lecturers cover a variety of areas, including institutional support as well as needs for professional and pedagogical training. Our findings indicate that there are similarities and differences in teacher needs between key and non-key universities with regard to institutional support and training programmes. The findings suggest that epistemic environments as well as goal-oriented pedagogical activities and adequate discourse strategies are necessary to enhance the learning experience of the students, facilitate the integration of content and language learning, and empower teachers and students to identify the best classroom practices. The needs analysis is instrumental for developing both in-service and pre-service training programmes for EMI implementation in higher education and crucial if the goal of ‘killing of two birds with one stone’ is to be achieved.
Framing the Qin collapse: redaction and authorship of the Shiji 史記
Authors: Tong Chun Fung
Published: November 2021

This paper explores the relationship between the Shiji’s authors and their sources by examining how they constructed the historical narrative of the fall of the Qin Empire. While Sima Qian and his father Sima Tan have been traditionally credited as the authors of the Shiji, their authorial voice was recently challenged by scholars. In response to the revisionist view, this paper discerns that the Shiji maintains a consistent narrative of the Qin collapse, which is generated through rigorous source redactions whereby Sima Qian and/or Sima Tan were able to incorporate their ideological agenda and personal opinions in subtle ways that are almost invisible to the reader. With such anonymity, the historiographers succeeded in establishing the authority of their historical narratives. Rather than simply juxtaposing the narratives of their sources, the Simas indeed authored their “patterned past” of the Qin collapse. However, the past constructed in the Shiji comprises various independent narratives whose plausibility is contingent upon the respective epistemic quality of their evidence rather than a harmonious discourse.
An approach for Industrie 4.0-compliant and data-sovereign Digital Twins
Authors: Jacoby Michael , Volz Friedrich , Weißenbacher Christian , Stojanovic Ljiljana , Usländer Thomas
Published: November 2021

Data sharing between enterprises requires both interoperability and data sovereignty. In the application domain of industrial production an integrated approach is required that encompasses standards and technologies of both Industrie 4.0 and the International Data Spaces (IDS). This paper describes how to combine them for the concept of Digital Twins following the architectural framework given in ISO DIS 23247. Furthermore, an implementation approach is described relying upon the Fraunhofer Advanced AAS Tools for Digital Twins (FA³ST). The resulting architectural approach may be combined with further open manufacturing standards, and may be applied for data analytics and the engineering of AI-based systems.
An approach for leveraging Digital Twins in agent-based production systems
Authors: Vogel-Heuser Birgit , Ocker Felix , Scheuer Tobias
Published: November 2021

To cope with individualization and the high costs of downtimes, modern production systems should be flexible, adaptable, and resilient. Multi-Agent Systems are suitable to address these requirements by decentralizing production systems. However, the agent paradigm is still not widely applied. One of the key reasons is that the agents’ knowledge bases had to be created manually, which is cumbersome, error-prone, and insufficiently standardized. Digital Twins have the potential to solve this issue, as they describe relevant information in a standardized way. This paper presents an approach to leveraging Digital Twins, i. e., the Asset Administration Shell, to realize Multi-Agent Systems in the production context. For this, a parser automatically extracts relevant information from the Digital Twins and initializes the individual agents in a Multi-Agent System, i. e., PADE.
Maritime Digital Twin architecture
Authors: Giering Jan-Erik , Dyck Alexander
Published: November 2021

Digital Twins (DTs) play an important role in current digitalization trends across industries. As maritime markets are particularly affected by recent global tendencies such as increasing delivery costs or political pressure for decarbonization, DT solutions could provide important support for shipbuilding and shipping companies to master recent and upcoming challenges. This paper provides a brief insight into the current state of the maritime industry and shows possible use-cases for DT Ship applications throughout the entire product lifecycle. To further advance the general understanding of DTs and their implementation, the concept of a Maritime Digital Twin Architecture (MDTA) is proposed to structure practical DT features.
Urban Digital Twins – A FIWARE-based model
Authors: Bauer Martin , Cirillo Flavio , Fürst Jonathan , Solmaz Gürkan , Kovacs Ernö
Published: November 2021

This article describes the use of digital twins for smart cities, i. e., the Urban Digital Twin (UDTw) concept. It shows how UDTws can be realized using the open source components from the FIWARE ecosystem that are already used in more than 200 cities worldwide. The used NGSI-LD standard is supported by the European Connecting Europe Facility, the Open and Agile Smart City community, the Indian Urban Data Exchange platform, and the Japanese Smart City Reference Model. Unlike digital twins in other domains, e. g., manufacturing, where digital twins are co-developed with their physical counterparts, UDTws often evolve driven by different stakeholders, on different time scales, as well as by utilizing many different data sources from the city. This article builds on a well-established lifecycle model for Digital Twins and combines this with a conceptual model for digital twins consisting of data, reactive, predictive and forecasting (“what if”) digital twin functionalities. The article also describes how AI-based technologies can be used to extract knowledge to build the UDTws from the IoT-based infrastructure of a smart city.
Digitaler Airport Zwilling – Herausforderungen bei der digitalen Transformation von Flughäfen im Kontext des Airportmanagements
Authors: Deutschmann Andreas , Schier-Morgenthal Sebastian , Kaltenhäuser Sven
Published: November 2021

Flughäfen entwickeln sich zu industriell-gesellschaftlichen Mobilitätsknoten. Als kritische Infrastrukturen stehen sie ebenfalls vor der Herausforderung effizient und klimaneutral zu agieren. Die Realisierung dieser Anforderungen ist nicht ausschließlich technologisch lösbar. Sie bedarf einer neuen Form des Managements, das alle genannten Aspekte berücksichtigt. Dieses Management erfordert Echtzeit- und Prognosedaten die den Zustand des Systems Flughafen wiederspiegeln. Eine Variante, die zum Management benötigten erheblich steigenden Datenmengen zu organisieren, liegt im Einsatz eines digitalen Zwillings als digitale Repräsentanz des realen Flughafens. Dessen Einbettung in eine Managementumgebung, deren Grundvoraussetzung eine What-If Fähigkeit ist, ermöglicht eine verbesserte und umfassendere Situationsbewertung und bildet die Basis für künftige Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse im Flughafen.
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy as a tool for the treatment of severe hypoglycemia in patients with primary inoperable insulinoma
Authors: Opalińska Marta , Sowa-Staszczak Anna , Al Maraih Ibraheem , Gilis-Januszewska Aleksandra , Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Alicja
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Severe hypoglycemia in a course of inoperable insulinoma may be life-threating and often it is not well controlled, even by high doses of diazoxide requiring second line treatment. Among available methods PRRT is characterized by relatively low toxicity and is connected with favorable antitumor effect. The aim of the study was an evaluation of the PRRT effectiveness in control of hypoglycemia in patients with primary inoperable insulinoma.

Methods

Three patients (female with metastatic insulinoma, male with primary inoperable pancreatic tumor, female with MEN1 syndrome and hepatic metastases) were treated with PRRT due to severe hypoglycemia poorly controlled by diazoxide in course of primary inoperable insulinoma.

Results

Patient 1 baseline fasting glucose concentration increased from 2.4 mmol/L [3.30–5.60] to 5.9 mmol/L after PRRT. In patient 2 fasting glucose level 2.30 mmol/L increased after PRRT to 7.0 mmol/L, while baseline insulin level initially 31.15 uU/mL [2.6–24.9] decreased to 15.4 uU/mL. In patients 3, baseline fasting glucose level 2.5 mmol/L increased after PRRT to 7.9 mmol/L, and insulin decreased from 57.9 uU/mL to 6.3 uU/mL. In imaging there was partial response (PR) in patient 1 and 2 and stabilization of the tumor size in patient 3. In patient 2 reduction of tumor infiltration let for curative surgery performed 4 months after PPRT.

Conclusions

PRRT may be effective as a first or second line treatment in management of hypoglycemia for patients with hormonally active inoperable insulinoma.
Künstlerische Forschung und Open Access? Übersicht zu Publikationsoptionen und praktischen Herausforderungen
Authors: Lurk Tabea
Published: November 2021

Der Beitrag vermittelt einen Überblick über die Publikationsoptionen der Künstlerischen Forschung (Fokus: Gestaltung und Kunst) im deutschsprachigen Raum. Dabei wird zum einen auf Aspekte des Open Access eingegangen. Zum anderen werden Herausforderungen angesprochen, die ähnlich auch in anderen Disziplinen anzutreffen sind. Genannt wird die Anforderung, mit und in Medien wie Bild, Klang, Video/Film oder Arrangements zu argumentieren, was Gestaltungsfreiräume innerhalb der Publikationsmedien erfordert. Andere Schwierigkeiten zeigen sich bei der Aufnahme in übergeordnete Wissensportale. Nicht zuletzt spielt auch die Verfügbarkeit von Publikationsservern und institutionellen Repositorien eine Rolle.1
„Put your data goggles on“ – Impulse aus dem DaLiCo-Projekt
Authors: Ameis Kristin , Gläser Christine , Spree Ulrike
Published: November 2021

Dieser Beitrag thematisiert die gestiegenen Anforderungen an Studierende in Bezug auf den Umgang mit Daten. Der Hintergrund vermehrter Datenkompetenzprojekte an Hochschulen wird erläutert und am Beispiel des Projektes Data Literacy in Context (DaLiCo) konkretisiert. Die im Projekt durchgeführte Summer School sowie die bisherigen Ergebnisse werden dargestellt, dabei wird sichtbar, dass der erprobte ganzheitliche Ansatz, der ein breites Spektrum an Datenkompetenzen abbildet, sich als erfolgreich erwiesen hat.
Agile Produktentwicklung an Bibliotheken: Ein Erfahrungsbericht aus der Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Authors: Ittensohn Mark , Rieser Micha
Published: November 2021

Der Bericht zeigt anhand einer Fallstudie aus der Zentralbibliothek Zürich auf, welche Vorteile und Herausforderungen die agile Produktentwicklung an Bibliotheken haben kann. Im Zentrum steht dabei das Rahmenwerk Scrum, welches zur Entwicklung des Fallbeispiels – eines Escape Games – genutzt wurde. Wie der Bericht nahelegt, hängt der Erfolg der agilen Produktentwicklung wesentlich vom Komplexitätsgrad des Produktes sowie vom gemeinsamen Verständnis von Scrum und seiner Einbettung in andere Projektmanagement-Verfahren ab.
Nachhaltigkeit – (k)ein Thema für Bibliotheken?!
Authors: Hauke Petra
Published: November 2021

Der Beitrag untersucht die Rolle und die Potenziale von Bibliotheken in Bezug auf die Erreichung der Nachhaltigkeitsziele der Agenda 2030 der Vereinten Nationen. Es werden sowohl positive Beispiele als auch Desiderate bei Öffentlichen und Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken aufgezeigt sowie die Auswirkungen der Lobbyarbeit der Bibliotheksverbände beleuchtet. Der abschließende „Ausblick“ soll ermutigen, sich der Potenziale, die für die Bibliotheken, für ihre Community und für die Gesellschaft insgesamt in der Agenda stecken, bewusst zu werden.
Nachhaltigkeit 3.0 in Bibliotheken: eine Herausforderung für das Management
Authors: Keller Alice
Published: November 2021

Wo stehen Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken in Bezug auf die Nachhaltigkeit? Welche Entwicklungsstufen sind erkennbar? Inwiefern ist ein transformatives Umdenken erforderlich oder möglich, um die Nachhaltigkeitsziele umfassend zu erreichen? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, werden die Entwicklungen der letzten Jahrzehnte in Wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken vor dem Hintergrund der Nachhaltigkeit analysiert und bewertet. Zur Erreichung der Nachhaltigkeit 3.0 braucht es allerdings einen weiteren Quantensprung. Hierfür bietet die Autorin neue Denkansätze und fordert einen Wandel vom Inside-Out- zum Outside-In-Denken.
Sustainability in Danish Public Libraries
Authors: Holmquist Jan
Published: November 2021

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals1 play a growing significance in the work of public libraries in Denmark. This article highlights national and local projects, points out learnings and discusses a framework for getting started working with the SDGs, including what skills library professionals need to achieve these goals.
Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) als Programm
Authors: Langer Robert
Published: November 2021

Die Sächsische Landesfachstelle für Bibliotheken nimmt sich im 106. Jahr ihres Bestehens des Themas Nachhaltigkeit an. 2020 startete sie ein Kooperationsprojekt zur Einführung von Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) im öffentlichen Bibliothekswesen. Damit sollen Bibliotheken motiviert werden, das Thema in seinen vielfältigen Facetten wahrzunehmen und zu überlegen, wie und wo es sich in den Arbeitsalltag integrieren lässt.
Bibliotheken für eine inklusive Demokratie
Authors: van Vlimmeren Ton
Published: November 2021

Nachhaltige Entwicklung wird oft aus der Perspektive der Klimaziele behandelt. In diesem Beitrag wird das Verhältnis zwischen nachhaltiger Entwicklung, Information und Demokratie hergestellt, einer Demokratie, die von einem gestörten informationsökologischen System ernsthaft bedroht ist. Die europäische Bibliotheksorganisation EBLIDA setzt sich dafür ein, dass Bibliotheken einen größeren Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung leisten und Mittel dafür finden.
Bücher für den Frieden
Authors: Wirthlin Claudia
Published: November 2021

Die Idee zur Unterstützung von zwei Institutsbibliotheken im Südsudan entstand 2018 im Gespräch mit dem Leiter der Presbyterianischen Kirche im Lesesaal der Fachbibliothek Mission 21 in Basel. Es ging dabei um die wichtige Rolle von Bildung und kritischer Auseinandersetzung mit der eigenen Geschichte beim Aufbau einer friedlichen Zukunft des kriegsversehrten Landes. Nicht zuletzt profitierte auch die Bibliothek in Basel in verschiedenster Hinsicht von der friedensfördernden Initiative.
Technological and organizational problems in the construction of the radiation shielding concrete and suggestions to solve: A case study
Authors: Radziejowska Aleksandra , Sagan Joanna , Sobotka Anna
Published: November 2021

Protection of buildings against the pernicious radiation types can be achieved by simultaneous structural and shielding parameters. Those shields are mainly made of heavyweight concrete, which causes many serious problems in the areas of technology, supply logistics, financial supply, Occupational Safety & Health Administration, and substitutions of structural and material solutions. This work presents a case study of the construction of the university building with rooms requiring protection against malicious radiations. Apart from that, it presents the problems and solutions that occurred during the construction from the perspective of the works contractor. This study was also expanded to include the analysis of alternatives for construction-materials. The obtained results were used to develop a generalized scheme, which will be helpful in the preparation and implementation of any facilities requiring fixed radiation shields.
Geometric similarity of the twin collapsed glaciers in the west Tibet
Authors: Hu Wentao , Yao Tandong
Published: November 2021

Two adjacent glaciers collapsed consecutively in the Western Xizang Autonomous Region, China, on July 17 and September 21, 2016, presumably triggered by relatively intensive climate change in this region, leading to massive downstream ice and mud avalanches. After these twin glacier collapses, there have been many researches, which mainly focus on the physical characteristics of these two glaciers while lack the differences between them and the other glaciers. In this study, the geometric features and energy distribution along the glacier centerlines are investigated to identify the differences between these two collapsed glaciers and other glaciers in the western Tibetan Plateau. The anomaly of climate change is presumed to be the trigger of the twin glacier collapses in accordance with existing research results, whereas in this study, the striking geometric similarity between the centerlines of the twin glaciers, which is quantitatively interpreted by the Fréchet distance among the glacier centerlines, unearth some novel mechanisms. The essential point in these new mechanisms is the energy distribution along the glacier centerlines. A hypothesis based on the principle of energy conservation is derived to demonstrate the mechanisms and dynamic processes of the glacier collapses. Furthermore, on the basis of the geometric similarity and energy distribution of the glacier centerlines, a risk assessment of glacier collapse in the western Tibetan Plateau is implemented to facilitate glacier disaster prevention.