bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knockin' on Cell's Door: Influenza A Virus Adsorption and its Pharmacological Inhibition
Authors: Gorshkov Andrey , Varyushina Elena
Published: December 2024

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a widespread human respiratory pathogen that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Adsorption of the virus to the cell surface is the earliest stage of its replication cycle. The key role of N-linked sialic acids as receptors for binding to IAV’s hemagglutinin has long been acknowledged. The molecular specificity of this interaction is a key factor in host range, pathogenicity and transmissibility of various IAV subtypes. Along with that, a number of recent studies have introduced significant complexity into the picture of the IAV adsorption and revealed a multitude of new molecules on host cell surface to serve as receptors and/or co-receptors for IAV attachment. For successful internalization of the adsorbed virus, a downstream signal transduction is necessary to activate effector endocytosis mechanisms. In recent years, our understanding of the sophistication and variability of signal transduction pathways in the virus attachment site has significantly expanded, with the help of such research techniques as fluorescence imaging of individual viruses in real time, dominant-negative mutants, siRNA knockdowns, protein kinase selective inhibitors, phosphoproteome profiling, and others. These approaches deepen our knowledge of the molecules involved in the early stages of the IAV life cycle, and also serve as the basis for the development of new effective antiviral drugs. In our review, we analyze recent publications on the mechanisms of IAV adsorption, newly discovered receptors for virus attachment, and signal transmission in the site of the adsorbed virion. Besides, we consider new data on the development of selective inhibitors as antiviral drugs aimed at both viral and cellular factors of IAV adsorption.
Advanced Path Optimization for UAV Swarms in Disaster Response Scenarios Using Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Adam Mohammed Sani , Abdullah Nor Fadzilah , Abu-Samah Asma , Ahmed Amodu Oluwatosin , Nordin Rosdiadee
Published: December 2024

In disaster-stricken areas, rapid restoration of communication infrastructure is critical to ensuring effective emergency response and recovery. Swarm UAVs, operating as mobile aerial base stations (MABS), offer a transformative solution for bridging connectivity gaps in environments where traditional infrastructure has been compromised. This study presents a novel hybrid path-planning approach combining Affinity Propagation Clustering (APC) with Genetic Algorithms (GA), aimed at maximizing coverage, minimizing energy consumption, and ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) compliance across diverse environmental conditions. Comprehensive simulations conducted in suburban, urban, dense urban, and high-rise urban environments demonstrated the efficacy of the APC-GA approach. The proposed method achieves up to 100% coverage in suburban settings with only eight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms and maintains superior performance in dense and high-rise urban environments, achieving 97% and 93% coverage, respectively, with 10 UAV swarms. The QoS compliance reached 98%, outperforming benchmarks such as GA (94%), PSO (90%), and ACO (88%). The solution exhibited significant stability, maintaining an average fitness score of 0.95 over 17,000 iterations, highlighting its robustness under dynamic disaster scenarios. The mobility model analysis further underscores the adaptability of the proposed approach. The Reference Point Group Mobility (RPGM) model consistently achieved higher coverage rates (95%) compared to Random Waypoint Model (RWPM) (90%), demonstrating the importance of group-based mobility patterns in enhancing UAV deployment efficiency. The findings reveal that the APC-GA adaptive clustering and path-planning mechanisms effectively navigate propagation challenges, interference, and NLOS conditions, ensuring reliable connectivity in the most demanding environments. This research establishes the APC-GA hybrid as a scalable and QoS-compliant solution for UAV deployment in disaster response scenarios. By dynamically adapting to environmental complexities and user mobility patterns, it advances state-of-the-art emergency communication systems, offering a robust framework for real-world applications in disaster resilience and recovery.
Research Approach: A Comparative Analysis of Quantitative and Qualitative Methodologies in Social Science Research
Authors: Emon Md Mehedi Hasan
Published: December 2024

This systematic literature review examines the comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies in social science research. Over recent decades, these two approaches have been pivotal in shaping the research landscape, each contributing distinct advantages and challenges. Quantitative research, characterized by its reliance on numerical data, statistical analysis, and objectivity, allows for large-scale generalizations and is often utilized in studies seeking to measure or predict specific phenomena. However, it is limited in its ability to capture the richness and depth of human experiences and social contexts. On the other hand, qualitative research, which emphasizes understanding subjective experiences, social meanings, and complex behaviors, offers in-depth insights into the intricacies of human interaction, but often lacks the broad applicability and statistical power of quantitative approaches. The review also highlights the emerging trend of mixed-methods research, which integrates both methodologies, providing a more comprehensive framework for tackling complex research questions. By combining the strengths of both approaches, mixed-methods research allows for a more holistic understanding of social phenomena, offering insights into both general patterns and individual experiences. The review concludes by discussing the evolution of these methodologies and their implications for future research, emphasizing the importance of methodological flexibility and integration in addressing multifaceted social issues. The findings underscore the value of employing diverse research approaches in social science to enrich our understanding of complex, dynamic social realities.
Molecular Mechanisms of Abiotic Stress Response in Rice
Authors: Xiaohui Wang , Xuelei Liu , Yonglin Su , Huaizong Shen
Published: December 2024

The intensification of global climate change and industrialization has exacerbated abiotic stresses on crops, particularly rice, posing significant threats to food security and human health. The mechanisms by which rice responds to these stresses are complex and interrelated. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying rice's response to various abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal pollution. We emphasize the molecular mechanisms and structural roles of key proteins involved in these stress responses, such as SLAC1 and QUAC1 in stomatal regulation, HKT and SOS proteins in salinity stress, heat shock proteins (HSPs) and heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) in temperature stress, and Nramp and ZIP transport proteins in response to heavy metal stress. By elucidating the complex response networks of rice to abiotic stresses, this review identifies crucial targets for breeding stress-resistant rice varieties, which are essential for enhancing yields and ensuring food security.
Prevalence of Nutritional Risk and Obesity in Mexican Cancer Outpatients
Authors: Cervantes-Guevara Gabino , Vázquez-López Blanca Ernestina , Vega Lisset Magaña-de la , Rendón-Serrano Fernanda Monserrat , Fuentes-Orozco Clotilde , González-Ojeda Alejandro , González-Duarte José Alberto , Hernández-Corona Diana Mercedes , González-Heredia Tonatiuh , Villar Miriam Méndez-del , Meraz-Corona María Fernanda Isadora , Guzmán-Ornelas Milton Omar , Chávez-Tostado Karla Verónica , Chávez-Tostado Mariana
Published: December 2024

Background: Malnutrition is a prevalent issue among cancer patients, negatively impacting clinical outcomes and survival, emphasizing the need for effective nutritional screening in this population. Methods: This study aimed to assess the performance of various nutritional screening tools and their association with malnutrition, obesity, overweight, and hand grip strength (HGS) in Mexican cancer outpatients. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 396 adult outpatients at a public hospital in Mexico. Nutritional risk was evaluated using NRS-2002, MUST, MST, NUTRISCORE, and PG-SGA, while malnutrition was determined through GLIM criteria and PG-SGA. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected, and analyses included sensitivity, specificity, and kappa coefficients for screening tool performance. Results: Nutritional risk was identified in 22.7–26.5% of patients, with the highest agreement between MUST and PG-SGA (k=0.64). Malnutrition prevalence was higher using GLIM criteria (37.4%) compared to PG-SGA (25.8%, p<0.001). Additionally, a high prevalence of overweight (37.1%) and obesity (23.5%) was observed in this patient population. Low BMI and reduced HGS were significantly associated with nutritional risk and malnutrition (p<0.001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that MUST and PG-SGA are reliable tools for nutritional screening in cancer outpatients, while GLIM criteria reveal a higher prevalence of malnutrition. The elevated rates of obesity and overweight highlight the unique nutritional challenges in cancer patients.
Targeting Triple NK Cell Suppression Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fanijavadi Sara , Thomassen Mads , Jensen Lars Henrik
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. In this review, we focus on the role of the immune system in PDAC, especially the interactions between natural killer (NK) cells, cancer cells, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). These interactions are important for both tumor growth and resistance to treatment. Despite progress in treatment methods, PDAC remains difficult to manage, underscoring the need for new strategies to improve patient out-comes. NK cells are emerging as a potential therapeutic option, but their effectiveness is limited by a suppressive TME, which reduces NK cell activity and their ability to target tumors. Several mechanisms within the PDAC TME contribute to NK cell dysfunction. Key factors include diminished NK cell proliferation, impaired cytotoxicity, and reduced tumor infiltration. To address these challenges, we used a new concept known as the "Triple NK cell biomarker approach." This approach focuses on three critical factors: tumor characteristics, the TME, and NK cell suppression mechanisms. By identifying and targeting biomarkers associated with these components, the approach could help develop personalized strategies to enhance NK cell activity and improve PDAC treatment outcomes. While existing studies have highlighted the potential of NK cells in PDAC therapy, further research is essential to fully understand their role in treatment resistance.
Effects of Guar Gum and Sodium Benzoate on Their Properties and Hydrophilicity of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels
Authors: Thonpho Ansaya , Baimark Yodthong , Tanisood Suchai , Srihanam Prasong
Published: December 2024

Silk fibroin (SF)-based hydrogels were prepared by simple evaporation method. The outcomes of SF-based hydrogels were assessed for consideration in terms of practical and convenient use. Guar gum (GG) and sodium benzoate (SB) are blending reagents to the SF solution, and then poured in the petri dish to form the hydrogels. After leaving the mixture solution for three days, all SF-based hydrogels were peeled off and characterized. The SF blended guar gum (SF-GG) and SF-GG blended sodium benzoate (SF-GG-SB) could be constructed, but in different textures and transparency. The SB affected the solid texture and resulted in higher water contact angle (WCA) value of the prepared SF hydrogel more than on SF-GG. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated all the main functional groups of substances that were contained in the blending hydrogels. Moreover, some interactions between the functional groups were also detected. Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to determine the hydrogel decomposition as a function of temperature. The DTG thermograms revealed that the interaction forces between blending substances and SF as well as the structure of them are the reason for the thermal stability of the SF-based hydrogels. SF-GG-SB hydrogels have higher tensile strength than the SF-GG hydrogels. In conclusion, appearance, texture, hydrophilicity, thermal stability and tensile strength of the SF-based hydrogels were affected by the types and concentrations of blending substances. This is promising that the SF-based hydrogel properties could be designed and adjusted to have desirable texture for fitting target applications.
Antiedemic Effect of the Myosin Light Chain Kinase Inhibitor PIK7 in the Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Sonin Dmitry , Medved Mikhail S. , Khapchaev Asker Y. , Sidorova Maria V. , Palkeeva Marina E. , Papayan Garry , Mochalov Daniil A. , Minasyan Sarkis M. , Anufriev Ilya E. , Mukhametdinova Daria V. , Paramonova Natalia M. , Balabanova Ksenia M. , Lopatina Anastasia S. , Aleksandrov Ilia , Semenova Natalia Yu. , Kordyukova Anna А. , Zaichenko Kirill V. , Shirinsky Vladimir P. , Galagudza Michael M.
Published: December 2024

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury increases myocardial microvascular permea-bility leading to enhanced microvascular filtration and interstitial fluid accumulation that is as-sociated with greater microvascular obstruction and no-reflow formation. A burst of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory mediators during reperfusion causes myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-dependent endothelial hyperpermeability, which is considered a preventable cause of reperfusion injury. In present study, a single intravenous injection of MLCK peptide inhibitor PIK7 (2.5 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg) was found to suppress vascular hyperpermeability caused by ische-mia/reperfusion injury in in vivo rat model. Antiedemic effect of PIK7 is transient and ceases within 90 minutes of reperfusion. The early no-reflow detected for the first time after 30-min is-chemia in this model of myocardial infarction reduces the area accessible for PIK7. Electron mi-croscopy has shown membrane-bound blebs of endotheliocytes, which partially or completely obturate the capillary lumen, and few capillaries with signs of intercellular gap formation in samples obtained from the center of the early no-reflow zone in control and PIK7 injected rats. Co-injection of PIK7 with NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increases blood flow in the zone of early no-reflow, while reducing the increased vascular permeability caused by SNP.
Exploring the Relationship between Balneotherapy and Anxiety in University Students: An Uncontrolled Study
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sánchez Belén , Da-Silva-Domingues Henrique , Sánchez-Garcia Inmaculada , Montoro-Ramírez Eva María , Sanz-Martos Sebastián , Ortega-Donaire Lucia
Published: December 2024

Background: The mental health of college students is a growing concern. According to the World Health Organization, one in eight people globally suffered from mental disorders in 2019. College students face various emotional challenges, including academic stress and peer pressure. In Spain, 49.5% of university students, particularly those in health sciences, experienced moderate to severe anxiety. While balneotherapy has shown therapeutic benefits, research on its impact on anxiety among college students is still lacking. The general objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of balneotherapy in reducing self-perceived anxiety among nursing students, and to identify potential moderating or interacting variables in this relationship. Methods: Uncontrolled study with pre- and post-measurement. The study included second-year nursing students enrolled in the 2023/2024 academic year. Non-probability convenience sampling was used. Sociodemographic data were collected, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale was used to assess self-perceived anxiety. The balneotherapy intervention consisted of a 20-minute session in a thermal pool with a circuit of jets. Data were collected before and after the intervention. The analysis included descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U test for pre- and post-intervention differences. Additionally, a linear regression was conducted to identify moderating variables, with evaluation of residual linearity and independence using the Durbin-Watson statistic. Results: The study involved 125 university students, with a majority of women (76.8%) and the majority (88%) between 18 and 24 years old. Of the participants, 56% reported previous experience with anxiety, while 89.6% had not tried balneotherapy, and 64.8% had not engaged in relaxation therapies. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.913 and 0.886 before and after the intervention, respectively. Following balneotherapy, the average anxiety score decreased by 9.05 points (p<0.01), and the prevalence of anxiety decreased from 12% to 1.6% (p=0.002). In the linear regression analysis, both pre-intervention anxiety scores and prior treatment for anxiety emerged as significant predictors (p<0.001), jointly explaining 45.2% of the variance. Conclusions: The study shows that balneotherapy significantly reduces anxiety among university nursing students, as indicated by improvements in anxiety scales and a decrease in the prevalence of anxiety. Prior anxiety and prior treatment emerge as crucial predictors of the response to balneotherapy. However, further studies with larger samples and long-term follow-up are warranted to substantiate these findings.
Main Dimensions, Myriad of Assessment Tools and New Approaches for Early Detection of Subjective Cognitive Decline and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Webster-Cordero Felipe , Gimenez-Llort Lydia
Published: December 2024

In an aging world with an increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases that could benefit from early diagnosis and interventions, neuropsychological testing is key when defining cognitive profiles of middle aged and older people. Detecting subtle cognitive changes such as those referred to in subjective cognitive complaints - a clinical entity scarcely studied- and underdiagnosed early stages of Mild Cognitive Impairment is critical for early detection and preventive interventions in primary care settings. This systematic review analyzed empirical data (Pubmed database, between 2009 and 2024) from 21 papers with an exploratory, cross-sectional and prospective scope in this field. A part of screening tests (20%), a wide spectrum of neurocognitive tests was used to assess specific domains. Executive functions (25%), language (14%), and memory (14%) were the three most common, eligible for brief cognitive assessment, as compared to praxis (6%), intelligence (5%) and visual / visuospatial perception (4%). Interestingly, self or informant reports and the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (depression and anxiety) emerged as domains to be considered. A need for methodological consensus appeared as a strong limitation, even in those main dimensions, where MSE (51,6%), TMT A-B (29,4%), Semantic and fluency test (23,8%), BNT (28,6%), Stroop Test (17,6%), DST (17,6%), RAVLT (16,7%) and MoCA (12,9%) were the most common tools. However, stronger efforts to ensure greater specificity and sensitivity to early changes as well as consensus on which neuropsychological protocols/domains and clinical analysis should contain are needed to respond to the increasing mental health demands of the aging population.
Weather Data Integration for Improved Analysis of Vehicle Energy Efficiency
Authors: Filla Reno
Published: December 2024

In moving vehicles the dominating energy losses are due to interactions with the environment: air resistance and rolling resistance. It is known that weather has a significant impact, yet there is a lack of literature showing how the wealth of openly available data from professional weather observations can be used in this context. This article will give an overview of how such data are structured and how it can be accessed in order to augment logs gained during vehicle operation or simulated trips. Two efficient algorithms for such data extraction and augmentation are discussed and several examples for use are provided, also demonstrating that some caveats do exist with respect to the source of weather data.
Physical Test and Numerical Analysis of Damage Mechanism of Rocky Foundation in Strata with Parallel Development of Structural Surfaces
Authors: Zhang Ziguang , Li Wanyu , Hu Ankang , Wu Liang
Published: December 2024

The growth of rock structural surfaces makes the deformation and stability analysis of rock pits more complex and challenging than that of soil pits. This study investigated the deformation characteristics and failure evolution laws of rocky foundation in strata with parallel development of structural surfaces through the physical model test based on the similarity principle and numerical computational analysis. The results of the study revealed the deformation evolution law and damage mechanism of rocky foundation pit: when the rocky pit excavation depth is less than its critical self-stabilizing height the rocky foundation is still stable. If the pit continues to be excavated or new loads are applied, the pit will go through a phase of overburden crack development, a phase of cumulative deformation of the structural face, and collapse of the sliding body. At this point the rocky foundation undergoes wedge damage and the sliding body will collapse along the structural face of the first excavation. The results of the studies can serve as a useful reference and guide for the excavation and support design of real-world rock foundation projects that are similar.
Increasing Prevalence of Occult HBV Infection in Adults Vaccinated Against Hepatitis B at Birth
Authors: Zhong Ge , Jiang Zhi-Hua , Wang Xue-Yan , Chen Qin-Yan , Zhang Lu-Juan , Hu Li-Ping , Huang Mei-Lin , Huang Yu-Bi , Hu Xue , Zhang Wei-Wei , Harrison Tim J , Black Antony , Fang Zhong-Liao
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives:
Immunisation with hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective means of preventing acute HBV infection.
However, whether primary vaccination of infants confers lifelong immunity remains controversial. Therefore, ongoing surveillance of vaccine recipients is required.
Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out based on LongAn county, one of the five clinical trial centres for hepatitis B immunization in China in the 1980s. Serum samples were collected and tested for HBV serological markers and DNA.
Results: A total of 637 subjects born in 1987-1993 were recruited, including 503 males and 134 females. The total prevalence of HBsAg was 3.9%. The prevalence in females (8.2%) was significantly higher than in males (2.8%) (p=0.004). The prevalence of anti-HBc in females (46.3%) was also significantly higher than in males (41.7%) (p=0.021). The prevalence of anti-HBs was 42.7% and did not differ significantly between males (41.7%) and females (46.3%) (p=0.347). Compared to data from surveillance over the last ten years, the positivity rate of HBsAg had not increased. The positivity rate of anti-HBs decreased significantly (p=0.049) while that of anti-HBc increased significantly (p=0.001). The prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) in 2024 (6.0%) was significantly higher than in 2017 (1.6%) (p=0.045). Subjects diagnosed with OBI in 2015 maintained occult infection in 2024.
Conclusions: Neonatal HBV vaccination maintained effective protection at least 37 years. However, the prevalence of OBI is increasing with age in those vaccinated at birth, raising a new issue how to prevent and control OBI in the post-universal infant vaccination era.
Dynamic Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Network for Cooling Capacity Prediction in HVDC Systems
Authors: Sun Hao , Li Shaosen , Huang Jianxiang , Li Hao , Jing Guanxin , Tao Ye , Tian Xincui
Published: December 2024

Predicting the cooling capacity of converter valves is crucial for maintaining the stability and efficiency of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. This task involves handling complex, multi-dimensional time-series data with strong inter-variable dependencies and temporal dynamics. Traditional machine learning methods, while effective in static scenarios, struggle to capture these dependencies, and existing deep learning models often lack the ability to jointly model spatial and temporal relationships.
To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework that integrates Graph Neural Networks (GNN) with Temporal Dynamics. The GNN component captures spatial dependencies by representing the data as a graph, where nodes correspond to system variables and edges encode their relationships. Temporal dependencies are modeled using temporal convolutional layers and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), enabling the framework to learn both short-term variations and long-term trends. Additionally, a graph attention mechanism dynamically adjusts the importance of variable relationships, improving prediction accuracy and interoperability. The proposed method demonstrates superior performance over traditional machine learning and deep learning baselines on real-world cooling system data. These results validate the effectiveness of the framework for industrial applications such as cooling system monitoring and predictive maintenance.
Epidemiology and Rare Clinical Presentations of Parvovirus B19 During the 2024 Outbreak in Veneto, Italy
Authors: Tonon Michele , Panaite Stefan Alexandru , Gentili Davide , Ferraresso Anna , Da Re Filippo , Ballarin Debora , Zanella Francesca , Padovan Maria Teresa , Pascarella Michela , Mondino Sara , Riccardo Flavia , Palamara Anna Teresa , Cogo Nicola , Milani Marco , Nicoletti Michele , Pagin Gloria , Varalta Maria Silvia , Cazzaro Romina , Russo Francesca , Baldo Vincenzo
Published: December 2024

The recent increase in parvovirus B19 (B19V) infections across Europe has underscored the need for enhanced surveillance. In Italy, where B19V surveillance is not mandated nationally, this study aimed to assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the outbreak in the Veneto Region by implementing mandatory disease notification since May 2024 and collecting clinical data on confirmed cases. The outbreak disproportionately affected young children, with the highest incidence in the 1-5 and 6-11 age groups. The increase in cases within the 1-5 year age group was predictive of an increase in cases in other age groups. Hospitalisation was required in a small percentage of cases, but severe complications, including myocarditis, pericarditis, and miscarriage, were observed, underscoring the potential severity of B19V infection. During the surveillance period, one death was also recorded following cardiac and neurological complications in a patient without prior risk factors. The presence of concurrent pathologies, particularly haematological disorders, was associated with increased disease severity. This study emphasises the critical need for improved awareness of B19V, particularly in high-risk populations, and highlights the importance of early warning when cases start rising among 1-5-year-olds. The feasibility of implementing a systematic and potentially EU-wide surveillance system for B19V should be assessed.
Alcoholic Fermentation of Tomato Canning Waste (TCW) from the Adrar Region in the Southwest of Algeria
Authors: Kaidi Kamel , Arroussi Abdelaziz , Djaafri Mohammed , Khelafi Mostefa , Tahri Ahmed , Salem Fethya , Kalloum Slimane , Atabani Abdulaziz E. , Baldinelli Arianna
Published: December 2024

This research aims to promote bioethanol production for the first time from tomato waste (skins, pips and peels) generated by the "Fouggara" tomato canning factory in Réggane/Adrar, in South-West Algeria. The waste is thermally pre-treated, followed by chemical pre-treatment with sulphuric acid. This process is characterized by a drop in density from 1.14 to 1.03 kg/l accompanied by a significant release of carbon dioxide (CO2) during alcoholic fermentation. The produced CO2 mainly resulted by the glucose converting into ethanol followed by weight loss in the form of CO2. A decrease in reducing sugars from 5.24 to 2.02 mg/L was recorded at the end of fermentation. Bioethanol production reaches an alcohol content of 12° in 72 hours, with a density of 0.886 kg/L, close to that of commercial ethanol, which is 0.789 kg/L.
Digitalization of Mining Enterprises in Kazakhstan: Current State and Prospects
Authors: Issatayeva Farida , Aubakirova Gulnara , Maussymbayeva Aliya , Madisheva Rima , Kim Vladislav , Tileuberdi Nurbol , Frenelus Wadslin
Published: December 2024

The study critically analyzes the innovation challenges faced by mining enterprises in Kazakhstan, focusing on key issues and potential opportunities related to the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. The research highlights that the strategic goal of Kazakhstan's mining sector is its integration into the global economy through digitalization, which aims to address the sector’s limited production of high-value goods. Despite the potential of digital transformation, the current level of digitalization across enterprises remains insufficient, requiring more structured implementation of engineering and economic processes. A statistical analysis using PESTEL, regression, and factor analysis, alongside a questionnaire survey, revealed low capital productivity as a major issue. The findings suggest that the complexity of mining operations necessitates improved innovation strategies tailored to specific resource extraction conditions. Furthermore, the digitalization focus is gradually shifting from production to areas like geology, ecology, and industrial safety. The study offers a framework for evaluating mining enterprises against international standards and serves as a valuable reference for both domestic and international investors interested in the evolving IT landscape of Kazakhstan's mining sector.
Improving the Thermal Efficiency of Gasket Plate Heat Exchangers Used in Vegetable Oil Processing
Authors: Neagu Anișoara Arleziana , Koncsag Claudia Irina
Published: December 2024

The study investigates, by calculations, some ways to improve the thermal efficiency of plate heat exchangers used in the vegetable oil processing industry. The performance of these heat exchangers is limited by the heat transfer rate on the oil side and by the low thermal conductivity of the plate material. The study starts from a base case with vegetable oils cooled with water in plate heat exchangers, all with chevron angle 30o and different number of channels and plate transfer area. The change of one geometrical characteristic of the plates, namely the chevron angle, from 30o to 45o then to 60o, led to important increasing of the overall heat transfer coefficients, by 16.0 % when changing from 30o to 45o and by 28.1% on average when increasing the angle from 45o to 60o. This is an important increase accompanied by the rise of the pressure drops in circuits, but the values are acceptable since not exceeding 1 bar on oil circuit and 1.4 bar on cold fluid circuit, respectively. The use of Fe3O4–SiO2/Water hybrid nanofluids with concentration 0.5% v/v, 0,75% v/v and 1% v/v were investigated, to replace the cooling water. An increase by 2.2% on average was noticed when using the 1% v/v nanofluid comparatively with water, which is not large but adds to the chevron angle increasing. A supplementary 2.6% increase is possible by changing the manufacture material for plates with aluminum alloy 6060, also adding to the performances obtained by previous modifications. The total increase for all the set of modification can increase the performance by 34.2% on average. Thus, for the design of new PHEs, the miniaturization of the equipment becomes possible.
Temporal Dynamics of Soil Carbon Stocks and Mineralization Rates in Coffea arabica Agroforestry Systems
Authors: Soilueang Phonlawat , Chromkaew Yupa , Mawan Nipon , Wicharuck Suwimon , Kullachonphuri Sasiprapa , Buachun Sureerat , Wu Yu-Ting , Chen Yaoliang , Iamsaard Kesinee , Khongdee Nuttapon
Published: December 2024

The increasing demand for agricultural land is driving deforestation, which contributes to rising greenhouse gas emissions—a primary driver of climate change. Agroforestry systems present a valuable alternative approach for mitigating these emissions. This study investigates the influence of various agroforestry systems on key parameters for assessing soil carbon dynamics, including soil carbon stock, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial respiration (MR) in northern Thailand. The study compared different agroforestry systems: coffee monoculture (CA), coffee intercropped with forest trees (CF), coffee intercropped with persimmon trees (CP), and natural forest (NF) as reference areas. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) across three seasons (rainy, cold, and summer). Results showed that soil carbon from land-use changes from NF to coffee agroforestry systems led to a 12.10% increase in CF and an 11.89% decrease in CP. The CA system showed a non-significant 9.06% decrease compared to the natural forest. MBC levels were higher in the agroforestry coffee areas (CF and CP), comparable to those in NF. However, CA exhibited significantly lower MBC (p < 0.05) compared to other treatments. While MBC and MR showed a positive correlation, higher MBC did not necessarily indicate increased microbial activity or significant dissolved organic carbon (DOC) accumulation. Environmental factors, particularly seasonal variations, significantly influenced the results across all three investigations. This study demonstrates that both agroforestry coffee systems (CF and CP) more effectively mitigate deforestation impacts and enhance soil fertility compared to coffee monoculture. For carbon stock enhancement specifically, CF emerged as the optimal choice.
[2-(3-R-1H-[1,2,4]-Triazol-5-YL)Phenyl]Amines: Design, Synthesis and Assessment of Their Anti-Staphylococcal Potential
Authors: Shabelnyk Kostiantyn , Fominichenko Alina , Antypenko Oleksii , Gaponov Olexandr , Kopteva Svitlana , Shyshkina Svitlana , Voskoboinik Oleksii , Okovytyy Sergiy , Kovalenko Serhii , Oksenych Valentyn , Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

Background: In the era of resistance, the design and search for new "small" molecules with a narrow spectrum of activity, which would target a protein or enzyme specific to a certain bacterium, with high selectivity and minimal side effects, remains an urgent problem of medicinal chemistry. In this regard, we have developed and successfully implemented a strategy for the search for new hybrid molecules, namely the not broadly known [2-(3-R-1H-[1,2,4]-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]amines. They can act as "building blocks" and allow the introduction of certain structural motifs into the desired final products in order to enhance the anti-staphylococcal effect. Methods: "One-pot" synthesis of the latter is based on the conversion of substituted 4-hydrazinoquinazolines or substituted 2-aminobenzonitriles and carboxylic acid derivatives to the target products. The purity, and structure of the synthesized compounds were proven using elemental analysis, LC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and X-ray diffraction. The possible molecular mechanism of the synthesized compounds (DNA gyrase inhibitors) was investigated and discussed by molecular docking, and their further study for anti-staphylococcal activity was substantiated. Results. A significant part of the obtained compounds showed high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 10.1-62.4 µM), and 5-bromo-2-(3-(furan-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)aniline and 5-fluoro-2-(3-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)aniline with MICs of 5.2 and 6.1 µM, respectively, approaching the strength of the effect to the reference drug "Ciprofloxacin" (MIC 4.7 µM). The conducted SAR- and ADME-analysis confirm the prospects of further structural modification of these compounds. Conclusions: Obtained [2-(3-R-1H-[1,2,4]-triazol-5-yl)phenyl]amines reveal significant antimicrobial activity and deserve further structural modification and detailed study as effective anti-staphylococcal agents.
Sesquiterpene Lactones as Promising Anti-Glioblastoma Drug Candidates Exerting Complex Effects on Glioblastoma Cell Viability and Proneural-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Markov Andrey V. , Moralev Arseny D. , Odarenko Kirill V.
Published: December 2024

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive brain cancers, characterized by active infiltrative growth and high resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Sesquiterpene triterpenoids (STLs) and their semi-synthetic analogs are considered as a promising source of novel antitumor agents due to their low systemic toxicity and multi-target pharmacological effects on key processes associated with tumor progression. The current review aims to systematize the knowledge on the anti-glioblastoma potential of STLs accumulated over the last decade and to identify key processes in glioblastoma cells that are most susceptible to the action of STLs. Analysis of published data clearly demonstrated that STLs, which can successfully cross the blood-brain barrier, exert a complex inhibitory effect on glioblastoma cells through induction of the “mitochondrial dysfunction – oxidative stress – apoptosis” axis, inhibition of glucose metabolism and cell cycle phase transition, and suppression of glioblastoma cell motility and invasion through blockade of proneural-mesenchymal transition. Taken together, this review highlights the promising anti-glioblastoma potential of STLs, which are not only able to induce glioblastoma cell death, but also effectively affect their diffusive spread, and suggests possible directions for further investigation of STLs in the context of glioblastoma to better understand their mechanism of action.
The Role of Mutualized Engineering in Scaling Social Innovation: Evidence from Bejaia University’s Incubator in Algeria
Authors: Kherbachi Sonia , Benkhider Naima , Keddari Nassim
Published: December 2024

This study examines the role of mutualized engineering in fostering social innovation, focusing on the SAFIR project at the University of Bejaia, Algeria. As part of a European initiative co-financed by the European Union, the project supported 45 impactful ideas, integrating academic, governmental, and entrepreneurial networks to address pressing socio-economic challenges. Using qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with project leaders and European experts, this research highlights the critical role of collaboration and inter-territoriality in innovation. Findings demonstrate that effective social innovation depends on robust cooperation among universities, businesses, governments, and incubators, supported by applied research and tailored incubation practices. The study introduces six operational scaling models that align with specific objectives, offering a framework for increasing social impact and ensuring organizational sustainability. By advancing our understanding of scaling strategies, this research provides actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics aiming to promote sustainable development through social innovation.
Anthropology of Food: History, Topics and Trajectories to Understand a Discipline
Authors: Parrish Sabine , Begueria Arantza , Bevan Imogen , Choi Tyffany , Kelly Therese M. , Mejia Lopez Juan , Pozzi Sara , Reid Memory , Thornton Jessica Leigh , Fontefrancesco Michele Filippo
Published: December 2024

This article provides a concise overview of the anthropology of food, tracing its development from the early twentieth century to contemporary debates and emerging research trajectories. Drawing on foundational work by figures such as Boas and Malinowski, it shows how early anthropologists approached food as integral to understanding social organization, kinship, and cultural meaning. As the field evolved, structuralist, materialist, feminist, and political-economic perspectives broadened its scope, highlighting the symbolic significance of cuisine, the interplay between en-vironment and subsistence, and the pivotal role of gender and class in shaping food practices.
In recent decades, the anthropology of food has engaged intensively with globalization, investi-gating how transnational flows reshape culinary identities, local economies, and cultural heritage. Researchers have also turned their attention to sustainability, food security, activism, and post-colonial critiques. At the same time, emerging themes—such as multispecies perspectives, sensory studies, and the application of innovative methodologies—offer new lenses for understanding how foods mediate relationships between humans, non-human beings, and environments.
By examining case studies spanning regions from Africa and Asia to Europe and the Americas, this article illustrates how contemporary anthropologists use food as a prism to investigate cultural identity, social change, ethical relations, and the complex entanglements of local and global food systems.
ECOSYSTEM INDICATORS TO ASSESS THE SUSTAINABILITY OF MULTISPECIFIC ARTISANAL FISHERIES IN FACE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN THE AMAZON BASIN SOUTH
Authors: Sant'Anna Igor Rechetnicow Alves , Reis Vanessa , Pinto Danielle Mendonça , Souza Flávia Kelly Siqueira de , Sousa Raniere Garcez Costa , Doria Carolina Rodrigues da Costa
Published: December 2024

The construction of hydroelectric dams causes several impacts on the aquatic environment and affects its structure and functions with direct consequences for the provision of ecosystem services. Despite its importance, since 1970, fisheries in the Amazon region, especially small-scale artisanal fisheries practiced by traditional populations, have been facing serious problems arising from human and climatic actions. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of dam construction and the environmental responses on fisheries production and fishing sustainability indexes in the Madeira River, which is the largest tributary of the Amazon River, between 2000 and 2019. Fisheries landing data in the city of Porto Velho and large-scale environmental variables were collected for each of the years in the period and were compared using general linear models. We found that dams, as well as changes in hydrological levels, affect fisheries production. The sustainability indexes showed a decline after the completion of the two dams. Moreover, catch-per-unit-of-effort showed a significant decline after the implementation of the dam. We therefore highlight the importance of understanding the factors that affect the sustainability of fisheries in large rivers in order to mitigate the impacts of large dams and other anthropogenic actions.
Restrição dietética associada à fertilização inorgânica em viveiros de peixes no crescimento de alevinos de tilápia-do-nilo
Authors: Rossi Giovane , Schalch Sergio Henrique Canello , Suzuki Gaby Tiemi , Osti João Alexandre Saviolo , Martins Ana Maria Cristina Rabello Pinto da Fonseca , Santos Vander Bruno dos
Published: December 2024

O estudo avaliou o crescimento muscular e o desempenho de alevinos de tilápia-do-Nilo alimentados com uma dieta restrita combinada com fitoplâncton em viveiros fertilizados. Quatro tratamentos foram testados: 100% da ração diária, 100% da ração em dias alternados, 50% da ração diária + fertilização e 50% da ração em dias alternados + fertilização. Os peixes foram estocados a uma densidade de 19 peixes/m² e alimentados com uma dieta contendo 45% de proteína bruta. Os viveiros foram fertilizados semanalmente com superfosfato e sulfato de amônio, e os parâmetros da água foram monitorados. O crescimento, a morfometria e as análises histológicas dos músculos dorsal e caudal foram realizados nos dias 0, 30 e 60. O tratamento com 50% da ração diária + fertilização apresentou ganho de peso, curva de crescimento e comprimento final similares ao grupo alimentado com 100% da ração diária. O crescimento muscular por hiperplasia e hipertrofia foi significativamente maior (p < 0,05) no grupo com 50% de ração diária + fertilização, promovendo comunidades diversificadas de fitoplâncton, especialmente Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae e Cyanobacteria. Esses resultados indicam que a restrição alimentar a 50% do peso corporal com fertilização semanal mantém o desenvolvimento dos peixes, reduz custos com ração e favorece o crescimento muscular, além de promover a diversidade de fitoplâncton nos viveiros.
Effects of Thermal and Stress Cycles on the Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Rocks
Authors: Meng Xianwei , Zhang Xinran , Chi Mingbo , Du Kun
Published: December 2024

The surrounding rock of underground rock chamber is frequently affected by disturbance load and circulating temperature; it is meaningful to study the mechanical properties of surrounding rock under these conditions for the construction of a safe and effective underground chamber. This study investigates the mechanical properties, failure modes, and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of basalt and sandstone under various pretreatments, including water saturation pretreatment (rock samples [SR]), rock samples subjected to cyclic temperature pretreatment (SR-CTT), rock samples subjected to cyclic loading pretreatment (SR-CLT), and rock samples subjected to combined cyclic loading and temperature pretreatment (SR-CTT-CLT). A series of uniaxial compression tests (UCTs) were conducted to analyze how these pretreatments affect the mechanical properties of basalt and sandstone. These two kinds of rock exhibit distinct failure modes, SR-CLT and SR-CTT-CLT make the failure of basalt change from inclined shear to X-shaped shear, while SR-CLT makes it turn into splitting. AE data reveal that basalt generally exhibits lower AE counts than sandstone, with the highest counts observed under SR-CTT-CLT. Energy analysis indicates that basalt accumulates more total energy (Et) and elastic energy (Ee) compared to sandstone, with different pretreatments affecting energy dissipation (Ed) and damage severity differently in each rock type. These findings contribute to understanding the complex interactions between pretreatment methods and rock behavior in engineering applications.
Wireless Power Reception System Based on Metasurface Lens for Compact Unmanned Mobilities
Authors: Lee Hojin , Lee Wonwoo , Park Hong Soo , Jo Semin , Jang Seonhye , Kim Yongchan , Park Changkun , Hong Sun
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a wireless power reception system is proposed for compact unmanned mobilities. It comprises an electromagnetic (EM) wave focusing metasurface lens integrated patch antenna for improved EM wave reception and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit rectifier to convert received millimetre waves to DC power source. Dynamic wireless power reception could be stably realised by exploiting the polarisation independency and wider incident angle characteristics, even when a misalignment occurs between the transmitter and receiver antennas. Compared to the conventional patch array antenna structure, the main radiation pattern of the proposed metasurface structure shows noticeably wider angular coverages for both E- and H- planes, confirming the wider wireless power receiving capability even for oblique incident waves. Finally, to demonstrate the wireless power transfer capability of the proposed system, the metasurface based wireless power reception IC system is implemented on a miniaturised actuator system based on ionic elastomer mimicking a locomotive “bug”, confirming that the proposed concept holds promise potentially for a full-scale, high power, longer range operation for powering small, unmanned vehicles.