bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Going green in logistics: The case of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland
Authors:   Department of Business Logistics, Zowada Krzysztof ,   Faculty of Management,   University of Economics in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
Published: March 2021

Aim/purpose – The aim of the paper is to identify the features of ‘green’ small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Poland. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a quantitative approach and a group of 200 small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Poland were examined. The classification tree method was used to analyze the data gathered. Findings – The ‘green’ small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Poland were characterized and their important features were identified, e.g., belonging to the TFL (Transport Forwarding Logistics) sector and a direct relationship with the supply chain leader. In the case of enterprises from the TFL sector, their area of activity is a natural environment for the development of ‘green logistics’ practices. In turn, the supply chain leader usually pushes for specific solutions aimed at achieving the assumed goals, in - cluding environmental goals. Research implications/limitations – The research results enable the identification pro- cess of small and medium-sized enterprises interested in implementing the ‘green logis- tics’ concept and, consequently, their support. Nevertheless, small and medium-sized enterprises operating in Poland were the only examined, thus the research findings can- not be generalized for other countries. However, the paper could be a starting point for comparative analyses on an international scale. Originality/value/contribution – The development of ‘green logistics’ among small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland is still not recognized by researchers. The paper is a valuable addition to this research gap. Keywords: green logistics, SME, classification tree. JEL Classification: L21, M20, Q50.
TAHAPAN-TAHAPAN DALAM PROSES PENGEMBANGAN KOLEKSI (Studi Kasus Perpustakaan Universitas Gajah Putih Takengon, Kabupaten Aceh Tengah)
Authors: Ifka Bengi. MS Nuri
Published: March 2021

Collection development is a core activity that has the task of holding and expanding collections in terms of collections in a library. The purpose of developing a collection is to expand and obtain a up-to-date collection. The University of Gajah Putih Takengon  Aceh Tengah Library is a private university library that functions as an information institution to support the implementation of the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. In supporting the implementation of the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi and fulfilling the information needs of its users, libraries need to develop collections and formulate collection development policies. This paper examines the stages of the collection development process at the Gajah Putih Takengon University Library  Aceh Tengah regency and the collection development policy. This research uses qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. Data collection obtained through observation, interviews and literature study. The results showed that the stages of the collection development process at the Gajah Putih Takengon University Library Aceh Tengah regency were carried out simply without using a written collection development policy. In addition, the minimum number of librarians and budget is a logical factor for libraries in carrying out collection development activities.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS’ NUMBER SENSE AND THEIR MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: Mutmainnah Annisa , Putra Zetra Hainul , Syahrilfuddin Syahrilfuddin
Published: March 2021

This research was aimed to find out the relationship between the fifth grade students’ number sense and their mathematical problem solving. The participants of this study were 73 fifth grade students from a private Islamic school in Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The research method used is in the form of quantitative methods. The instrument in this study is a test, where the data collected by distributing a test about students’ number sense and their mathematical problem solving. Number sense indicators consist of number concepts, multiple representations, effects of operations, equivalent expressions, and computing and counting strategies. The problem solving materials consist of numbers, fractions, geometry, and measurements. The data analysis technique is done by presenting data, normality test, linearity test, linear regression test, and hypothesis testing using the Pearson product moment correlation. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between students’ number sense and their mathematical problem solving. After that, a correlation test is performed between all number sense indicators with mathematical problem solving materials. The indicator of computing and counting strategies has high correlation with measurement.
The problem of the concept of the living machine according to Samuel Alexander’s emergentism
Authors: Paksi Daniel
Published: March 2021

The concept of a living being as a kind of living machine is widespread and well-known. If it is only a metaphor, it does not mean much; however, if other- wise, there is a severe conceptual problem since the living part of the concept always indicates the notorious notion of vitalism. The question is how can living machines be really different from lifeless machines without the concept of vitalism? According to Samuel Alexander, the problem arises from the traditional usage of the concept of mechanical which is confused both with the concept of something is determinated and with the concept of material; furthermore, the latter concept is defined against the Cartesian concept of mind and not on its own. Alexander’s point is that the difference between lifeless machines and living beings lies not in a vital substance or a non-mechanical principle but in an emergent mechanical quality called life which simple machines lack.
Enfermedad de Behçet vs enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Diferencias en la presentación clínica
Authors: Vargas Cuervo Maria Teresa , Severiche Bueno Diego Fernando , Parra Bonilla Humberto Carlo , Montaño Rozo Andres
Published: March 2021

La enfermedad de Behçet es una enfermedad poco frecuente con un compromiso sistémico cuyas principales manifestaciones abarcan el sistema gastrointestinal, neurológico, vascular y articular, además de la piel y los ojos. Por su compromiso multisistémico, es frecuente confundirlo con otras entidades como la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, con la cual comparte gran parte de su presentación clínica, por lo que se describe un caso clínico y se aborda una revision narrativa desde el punto de vista epidemiológico de las manifestaciones clínicas con el fin de tener un mayor conocimiento para identificarla a tiempo
Hallazgos en la endoscopia digestiva alta en niños con talla baja
Authors: Castro-Murillo Julio César , Velasco-Benitez Carlos Alberto , Calderón Guerrero Otto Gerardo
Published: March 2021

Introducción: en el estudio de la baja talla de origen digestivo en niños no hay un patrón de paraclínicos preestablecido; sin embargo, la endoscopia de vías digestivas puede ser una herramienta útil para tal fin. Objetivo: reportar una serie de casos de niños con diagnóstico de baja talla a quienes se les indicó una endoscopia de vías digestivas altas como parte de su estudio. Reporte de casos: se incluyeron 15 niños entre los 2 y 16 años de edad, 53,3 % niñas, 26,7 % desnutridos según el índice de masa corporal y la talla para la edad, 66,7% con baja talla grave y 33,3% con baja talla moderada. El 53,3 % presentó dolor abdominal, el 46,7 % no tuvo ganancia de peso, el 26,7 % tuvo inapetencia y el 13,3 % tuvo vómito, entre otros. Entre el 40,0 % y el 93,4 % presentaron macro- o microscópicamente esofagitis, gastritis y duodenitis. Los hallazgos microscópicos más importantes fueron duodenitis crónica con giardiasis, úlceras duodenales, hiperplasia nodular linfoide duodenal, Helicobacter pylori y duodenitis crónica eosinofílica. Conclusiones: a pesar de que la endoscopia de vías digestivas es un método poco utilizado y no bien descrito en el estudio de niños con baja talla, este reporte de casos describe organicidad en un 80,0 % de los niños analizados.
Validez del hallazgo de nódulos en la colonoscopia para el diagnóstico de hiperplasia nodular linfoide en niños
Authors: Sempértegui Cárdenas Pablo Xavier , Cadena León José Francisco , Ignorosa Arellano Karen Rubí , Toro Monjaraz Erick Manuel , Zárate Mondragón Flora Elva , Cervantes Bustamante Roberto , Ramírez Mayans Jaime Alfonso , Corcuera Delgado Celso Tomás , Becerril Cholula Laura
Published: March 2021

Introducción: la hiperplasia nodular linfoide del colon se define como > 10 nódulos linfoides visibles en colonoscopia. No existen estudios de su validez al compararlo con la histopatología.

Objetivos: determinar la validez del hallazgo de nódulos en colonoscopia para el diagnóstico de hiperplasia nodular linfoide.

Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo de prueba diagnóstica. Se incluyeron colonoscopias realizadas consecutivamente de 2014 al 2018 con equipos Olympus PCFQ150AI y GIFXP150N con obtención de biopsias. El criterio endoscópico fue la presencia de > 10 nódulos de 2 a 10 mm y el criterio histológico fue hiperplasia de folículos linfoides y mantos de linfocitos en lámina propia o submucosa. Los datos se analizaron en Epidat3.1. Se obtuvo la sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y negativo (VPN), y coeficientes de probabilidad positivo (LR+) y negativo (LR-) con sus intervalos de confianza.

Resultados: se incluyeron 327 colonoscopias, la mediana de edad fue de 84 meses. La principal indicación para la colonoscopia fue sangrado digestivo bajo (38,8 %). El hallazgo de nódulos se encontró en el 21 % y el sitio de mayor frecuencia fue el colon total (46 %), mientras que por histopatología se encontró hiperplasia nodular linfoide en el 38 %. El hallazgo de nódulos obtuvo una S de 32 % (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95 %: 24-140), E de 84 % (IC 95 %: 79-89), VPP de 56 % (IC 95 %: 44-68), VPN de 67 % (IC 95 %: 61-72), LR+ de 2,04 (IC 95 %: 1,4-3) y LR- de 0,8 (IC 95 %: 0,8-0,9).

Conclusiones: la validez diagnóstica del hallazgo de nódulos en colonoscopia para hiperplasia nodular linfoide es pobre, por lo que la toma de biopsia debe recomendarse siempre.
Descripción clínica y epidemiológica de pacientes con pancreatitis crónica en un hospital de alta complejidad en Cali, 2011 a 2017
Authors: Sepúlveda-Copete Mauricio , Satizabal-Padridin Natalia , Hidalgo-Cardona Alejandra , Criollo-Gutiérrez Brian D. , Tobón-Guevara Angélica , Castro-Llanos Andrés M. , Aguirre-Rojas Marisol , Rojas Rodríguez Carlos Arturo
Published: March 2021

Introducción: la pancreatitis crónica (PC) es una inflamación progresiva del páncreas que puede llevar a su destrucción e insuficiencia irreversibles. Es una patología desafiante para el médico, debido a que establecer su diagnóstico puede tomar meses e incluso años, el seguimiento de pacientes suele ser problemático y el conocimiento sobre la clínica y epidemiología en Colombia es incompleto. Este estudio pretende hacer una descripción de pacientes con PC en un centro de referencia en gastroenterología de Cali, Colombia.

Metodología: estudio de corte transversal de pacientes adultos con PC confirmada por criterios clínicos y radiológicos entre 2011 y 2017.

Resultados: se incluyeron 36 pacientes con PC. La mayoría fueron hombres (72,2 %) y la media de edad fue 56 (+ 15,1) años. El dolor abdominal crónico fue la presentación clínica más común (83,3 %). Cerca de un cuarto de pacientes presentaba diabetes mellitus (22,2 %). Se consideró etiología idiopática en 58,3 %, alcohólica en el 11,0 % y biliar en el 11,0 %. La tomografía axial computarizada (TAC), resonancia magnética (RMN) y colangiopancreatografía por RMN fueron los métodos diagnósticos más usados (60,5 %), con los que en su mayoría se visualizó atrofia (53,1 %), dilatación de conductos (49,0 %) y calcificaciones del páncreas (34,7 %).

Conclusión: los síntomas inespecíficos de la PC en fases iniciales y su largo curso clínico favorecen al subdiagnóstico de esta patología. Los resultados presentados pueden contribuir a la futura creación de escalas clínicas locales que orienten estudios radiológicos y genéticos tempranos, con el fin de lograr un diagnóstico oportuno y mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.
Enfermedad de Wilson: experiencia de un centro de referencia en Colombia
Authors: Muñoz Maya Octavio Germán , Vélez Hernández Juan Esteban , Santos Sánchez Oscar Mauricio , Marín Zuluaga Juan Ignacio , Restrepo Gutiérrez Juan Carlos
Published: March 2021

Introducción: la enfermedad de Wilson es una enfermedad heterogénea causada por mutaciones en el gen ATP7B. La presentación clínica es variable, en fenotipos hepáticos y neuropsiquiátricos. El objetivo de este estudio es describir una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes.
Materiales y métodos: estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe desde enero de 2004 a septiembre de 2017.
Resultados: se reportaron 27 pacientes, 17 hombres y 10 mujeres. El tiempo de seguimiento medio fue de 2,18 años, el 40 % presentó síntomas neurológicos; el 29 %, psiquiátricos; y el 85 %, alteración hepática. En el laboratorio, el 85 % presentó ceruloplasmina baja; 55 %, cobre urinario alto; en casos con biopsia hepática, 7 tenían depósito de cobre en coloraciones especiales. En neuroimágenes, el 84 % presentó hallazgos sugestivos de enfermedad de Wilson y en 3 casos se documentó una mutación genética patogénica. Durante el seguimiento, el 51 % mejoró clínica o bioquímicamente, el 11 % se mantuvo estable y el 18 % se deterioró. El 88 % de los casos sobrevivió al final del seguimiento.
Conclusiones: este estudio es la cohorte retrospectiva más grande de Colombia. Los resultados son base para nuevos estudios poblacionales buscando de manera activa la enfermedad para documentarla en su fase preclínica y, de este modo, impactar en el pronóstico.
Myasthenia Gravis and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms – Mere Association or Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndrome: A Mini-Review
Authors: Sasi Sreethish , Mohamed Mouhand , P Chitrambika , yassin mohamed
Published: March 2021

A systematic review of case reports was conducted by searching PubMed,
Scopus, and Google scholar to identify case reports in which there is an
association between Myasthenia Gravis (MG) and Myeloproliferative
Neoplasms (MPNs) and know whether MG can be considered a possible
neurological paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with MPNs.
Identification of potential end-members and their apportionment from downstream high-frequency chemical data
Authors: Neira Jose Manuel Tunqui , Mouchel Jean-Marie , Tallec Gaëlle , Andréassian Vazken
Published: March 2021

High-frequency chemical measurements in streamwater give detailed
information on the different hydrochemical processes occurring in the
catchment. They can provide clues about the end-members (water sources)
whose mixing produces the ionic stream concentrations observed. To
identify and quantify the end-members and their respective contribution
to streamwater chemistry, we developed a new methodology, termed
“IQEA” (Identification and Quantification of End-members and their
Apportionment). It consists in the resolution by a minimization process
of an objective function based on downstream high-frequency chemical
data and the size of the shape of a pre-defined fixed number of three
end-members. We applied the IQEA method on the high-frequency
concentration dataset of nitrates and calcium from the ORACLE-Orgeval
Observatory in France. The results were compared with field data
obtained from various potential end-members. The IQEA methodology
yielded robust and very satisfactory results, apart from an exceptional
flood event that occurred during the 2 years of measurements used in
this study. While the IQEA model treats concentration and discharge
datasets independently, its results show a strong relationship between
the dominant end-member computed and the hydrological features.
Association of cesarean section and allergic outcomes among infants at 1 year of age: Logistics regression analysis using data of 104,065 fetal and children’s records from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Maeda Hajime , Hashimoto Koichi , Iwasa Hajime , Kyozuka Hyo , Go Hayato , Sato Akiko , Ogata Yuka , Murata Tsuyoshi , Fujimori Keiya , Shinoki Kosei , Nishigori Hidekazu , Yasumura Seiji , Hosoya Mitsuaki
Published: March 2021

Background: Globally, the incidence of allergic diseases is increasing
along with cesarean delivery rates. Data regarding the association
between cesarean delivery and allergic diseases are inconsistent. Here,
we aimed to clarify the association between cesarean delivery and the
development of asthma, atopic dermatitis, wheezing, and eczema. Methods:
We used data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The data
included were those of 104,065 fetal records and their children.
Information about the mode of delivery, asthma, atopic dermatitis,
wheezing, and eczema was obtained from questionnaires and medical record
transcripts. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess
the association between cesarean delivery and asthma, atopic dermatitis,
wheezing, and eczema risk among infants at 1 year of age. Results: We
included 74,639 subjects in this study, wherein 18.4% underwent
cesarean deliveries. After adjusting for the perinatal, socioeconomic,
and postnatal confounding factors, children born by cesarean delivery
had no increased risk of developing asthma [95% confidence interval
(CI) 0.84–1.08], atopic dermatitis (95% CI, 0.92–1.13), wheezing
(95% CI, 0.94–1.04), or eczema (95% CI, 0.94–1.05). Conclusions:
This nationwide cohort study found no association between cesarean
delivery and asthma, atopic dermatitis, wheezing, and eczema among
infants at 1 year of age. However, further studies are needed to
evaluate whether cesarean delivery plays a role in the development of
allergic diseases.
Study on the Driven Mechanism of Watershed Hydrological Drought Based on Geomorphological Spatial Distribution Pattern: A Case Study of Guizhou, China
Authors: He Zhonghua , Liang Hong , Yang zhaohui
Published: March 2021

In recent years, hydrological drought has become more and more frequent,
which has caused serious ecological and environmental problems. This
paper is taking Guizhou province of China as an example to analyze the
geomorphologic distribution and temporal-spatial evolution of
hydrological droughts, and to study driving mechanisms of both the
rainfall in drought periods and geomorphologic factors on the
hydrological droughts, based on the hydrometeorological data from the
2000 to 2010, and the TM and DEM data. The results show that (1) the
rainfall and its temporal-spatial distribution have less impacts on the
hydrological droughts and its temporal-spatial distribution, showing the
obvious phase characteristics, and the regional hydrological droughts
are more serious in the south than in the north, and the less serious in
the east than in the west; and (3) in terms of the overall distribution
of landform types, the mountain, hill and basin have less impacts on
hydrological droughts; in terms of the distribution of single geomorphic
type, hydrological droughts are significantly influenced by the
high-medium mountain, deep-high hill and high basin, where the
hydrological droughts are relatively lighter. While there are more
serious areas in the low basin, shallow-low hill and low mountain.
MITRAL VALVE REPAIR FOR MITRAL REGURGITATION IN THE ELDERLY: YES, WE HAVE TO, BUT LOOK AT THE ETIOLOGIES!
Authors: Calafiore Antonio , Marco Massimo Di , Guarracini Stefano , katsavrias Kostas , Mauro Michele Di
Published: March 2021

The meta-analysis by Di Tommaso et al demonstrated as elderly patients
with mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing mitral valve repair (MVr) had
lower short-term mortality and higher long-term survival with respect to
patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR). The benefit of
repair is such, that initial surgical strategy is advisable in the
elderly even in case of mild symptoms if compared with conservative
management. However, even if repair can be performed in presence of some
specific etiologies, as degenerative MR or secondary MR, there are
always cases where a replacement can be an acceptable solution compared
to a repair with uncertain future, regardless of our believes and our
technical ability. In this subset of patients, the literature does not
show any improvement in outcome of transcatheter mitral repair. Mitral
valve repair has to be always done, but look at the etiologies and to
the consequences that what is done today can cause tomorrow.
Novel STAT3 gain-of-function variant with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infection phenotype
Authors: Erdös Melinda , Tsumura Masumoto , Kallai Julia , Lanyi Arpad , Nyul Zoltan , Balazs Gyorgy , Okada Satoshi , Marodi Laszlo
Published: March 2021

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)
gain-of-function (GOF) syndrome is an early-onset monogenic inborn error
of immunity characterized by multi-organ autoimmune disorders, growth
failure and lymphoproliferation. We describe that STAT3 GOF syndrome may
be presented with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent severe upper and
lower respiratory tract infections. The patient we present here did not
have multi-organ autoimmunity and lacked early-onset autoimmune
manifestations. Chest CT examinations showed mild bronchiectasis with
areas of non-fibrosing alveolar-interstitial disease and maldevelopment
of bilateral first ribs. By using Sanger sequencing, we revealed a novel
c.508G>C, p.D170H STAT3 variant affecting the coiled coil
domain (CCD) of STAT3. Functional studies confirmed that p.D170H was a
GOF variant as showed by increased pSTAT3 and STAT3 transcriptional
activity. Our observation suggests that STAT3 GOF syndrome can manifest
in early childhood with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent severe
respiratory tract infections and may lack autoimmune manifestations. We
suggest that patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and severe, recurrent
infections should be screened for STAT3 variants even if autoimmune
manifestations are missing.
A Model for Exogenous Learning on Department of Defense Procurement Programs
Authors: Bronson Patricia
Published: March 2021

Evidence of exogenous learning on Department of Defense (DoD) procurement programs for major weapon systems acquisition can be demonstrated and explained with an investment strategy model that maximizes the manufacturer’s return on investment (ROI) over the life of the program. This article describes one such model. The model takes a list of investment and unit-cost-reduction pairs and a planned procurement profile and computes which investments should be made and in what order to maximize profit. Simulations conducted with this model explore the learning curve effects caused by regulatory lag (the period of time the contractor gets to keep the ROI before he has to pass savings onto the customer), the manufacturers’ expected profit, and changes to the procurement rate.
Extraction of mosaic regions through projection and filtering of features from image big data
Authors: Jang Seok-Woo
Published: March 2021

When uploading multimedia data such as photos or videos on social network services, websites, and so on, certain parts of the human body or personal information are often exposed. Therefore, it is frequent that the face of a person is blurred out to protect the portrait right of a particular person, and that repulsive objects are covered with mosaic blocks to prevent others from feeling disgusted. In this paper, an algorithm that detects mosaic regions blurring out certain blocks based on the edge projection is proposed. The proposed algorithm initially detects the edge and uses the horizontal and vertical line edge projections to detect the mosaic candidate blocks. Subsequently, geometrical features such as size, aspect ratio and compactness are used to filter the candidate mosaic blocks, and the actual mosaic blocks are finally detected. The experiment results showed that the proposed algorithm detected mosaic blocks more accurately than other methods.
Computational study of laminar free convection inside tilting irregular cavity of a batch-type solar collector
Authors: Butt Fahad , Badar Abdul , Janjua Ajaz , Siddiqui Muhhamad
Published: March 2021

Batch-type solar collector is a tilt-able water-heating solar-thermal system comprising an isosceles-trapezoidal enclosure housing a circular-cylinder absorber at the bottom wall, insulated side-walls, and flat-top glazing. Free convection of air inside such trapezoidal enclosure is studied numerically by varying the tilt angle of the whole enclosure from 0?-70?. The influence of tilt on the flow field has been demonstrated by plotting the streamlines and isotherms. The present study successfully identifies the importance of enclosure-tilt in quantifying heat-loss between absorber and glazing by developing a computational correlation between Nusselt and Rayleigh as a function of tilt. The correlation trend is non-monotonic over the range of angular Rayleigh numbers numerically experimented with having a peak around angular Rayleigh number 3?105 corresponding to the tilt-angle 30?. The irregular-shaped cavity implies that the heat transfer correlations already existing for regular-shaped cavities may not be used otherwise they will draw implausible conclusions and this argument identifies the novelty of the present study.
Health Care Providers’ Utilization of and Perspectives on Mobile Health Technology for Diabetes and Pregnancy Support
Authors: Jackson Jenise , Leziak Karolina , Niznik Charlotte M. , Yee Lynn M.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

Mobile health (mHealth) technology can be an effective tool to deliver behavioral interventions to improve health outcomes for individuals with diabetes. However, there is limited evidence on mHealth for pregnant women managing diabetes or for the role of health care providers (HCPs) in delivering mHealth tools. To prepare for the development of a pregnancy-specific mHealth intervention for diabetes, we sought to understand HCPs’ acceptance, utilization, and design recommendations for how mHealth technology can best be used to support the management of diabetes during pregnancy.

METHODS

Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted with clinical HCPs (obstetricians, nurses, diabetes educators, dietitians, and lactation counselors) who care for low-income pregnant women with diabetes. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.

RESULTS

Participants (n = 29) generated five themes and 14 subthemes. Knowledge and acceptance themes included utilization of mobile resources and barriers to HCPs’ adoption. Knowledge of popular pregnancy applications (apps) dominated, while familiarity with and use of diabetes apps varied by profession and proximity to continued education. Technology adoption barriers included lack of credibility, dependence on Internet resources, and reliance on knowledge networks. Design themes addressed user-centered design, responsive and practical education, and clinical integration. Clinicians recommended patient-participatory design, customizable features, data-tracking features, motivational feedback, and bidirectional communication capabilities.

CONCLUSION

Although HCPs strongly embraced mHealth tools as an adjunct to obstetric care for women with diabetes, they also expressed limited knowledge and apprehension about patient engagement. HCP recommendations and concerns must critically inform the development of meaningful tools for this population.
El juego del niño indígena aymara y los saberes previos como fundamento para la educación intercultural
Authors: Incacutipa Limachi Duverly Joao
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el juego del niño indígena aymara. El método utilizado fue el cualitativo, ejecutado a través de las técnicas de entrevista en profundidad y observación participativa. Se trabajó con una muestra ajustada de cuatro maestros, siete padres de familia y 18 estudiantes del nivel primario de educación básica. Los hallazgos de la investigación denotan que en las actividades del juego de los niños se expresa una compleja red de conocimientos que evidencia los saberes previos. Estos conocimientos sirven para resolver problemas cotidianos de su entorno social y cultural que implican operaciones matemáticas, uso del lenguaje, desarrollo de la ciencia, práctica de valores, manifestación de creencias y cultura propia. Los conocimientos de los niños son muy desarrollados y útiles en la cotidianidad de la vida adulta, punto de partida en la educación intercultural. Se considera a la cultura indígena como una reliquia que se usa para observarla, cuidarla y exhibirla en “museos”, sin ninguna importancia en la vida escolar de los niños, inservible al momento de impartir la enseñanza programada. El currículo escolar afianza las relaciones de poder entre culturas, puesto que no toca a la población de “élite”, quienes son los que discriminan y quienes no están dispuestos ni interesados en reconocer y valorar en la misma dimensión que la suya a la cultura indígena. Al momento de diseñar modelos y programas educativos se propone revertir la educación actual, aquella que considera que los niños indígenas tienen conocimientos inferiores; adecuar el currículo de enseñanza intercultural a la multiplicidad de conocimientos que dispone y utiliza el niño indígena e implementar en todo el sistema educativo nacional privado y público.
Polymers as natural nanocomposites. 1. the reinforcement structural model
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian State University, 173 Chernyshevskiy str., 360004 Nal’chik, Russia, Bashorov Musa , Kozlov Georgiy ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University, 173 Chernyshevskiy str., 360004 Nal’chik, Russia, Zaikov Gennady ,   N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin str., 119334 Moscow, Russia, Mikitaev Abdulakh ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University, 173 Chernyshevskiy str., 360004 Nal’chik, Russia
Published: March 2021

The structural treatment of amorphous glassy polycarbonate as natural nanocomposite was proposed. It has been shown that the polycarbonate stiffness is defined completely by the state of its structure, which is described within the frameworks of a local order model. The large reserves of stiffness raising for amorphous glassy polymers are demonstrated.
Modification of Track Etchedfluorinatea Films by Radiation Induced Graft Copolymerization
Authors:   Amity School of Engineering and Technology, 580 Bijwasan, 110061 New Delhi, India, Rattan Sunita , Kaur Inderjeet ,   Himachal University, Department of Chemistry, Shimla, India, Gupta Nitika ,   Himachal University, Department of Chemistry, Shimla, India, Avasthi Devesh Kumar ,   Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India, Tripathi Ambuj ,   Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India, Khan Saif Ahmad ,   Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India
Published: March 2021

With the aim of improving the basic characteristics of Track Etched Membranes (TEMs), functionalization by graft copolymerization has been attempted in the present work. Thin films (25 μm) of poly(vinyl fluoride) (PVF) (Tedlar) were irradiated by swift heavy ions (110 MeV Si 8+ ). The irradiated films were chemically etched to form latent tracks. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to ascertain the formation of latent tracks. Irradiation effects were studied using UV-visible spectroscopic techniques. The tracks were functionalized by gamma radiation induced grafting with 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP). In order to anticipate the best grafting conditions, percentage of grafting was studied as a function of various reaction conditions such as (i) total dose, (ii) monomer concentration and (iii) amount of water. Maximum percentage of grafting (13.66 %) was obtained at a total dose of 57.024 kGy using 2 ml of 4-VP in 10 ml of water. The grafted films were characterized by FTIR technique
German Profit Taxes
Authors: Freichel Christoph , Brähler Gernot , Lösel Christian , Krenzin Andreas
Published: March 2021

In this book you will find compact, up-to-date basic knowledge about German income tax, German corporate income tax and German trade tax (legal status 1.1.2018). The textbook, which has already been published in its sixth German edition, has now been translated into English language. It clearly presents the basics of German profit taxes and introduces even the previously inexperienced reader to the world of income tax, corporate income tax and trade tax. As in the previous German editions, the focus is not on individual tax-related recommendations for action or detailed regulations, but on the fundamental systematics of the subject matter. The book is therefore the ideal companion for targeted preparation for examinations in the Bachelor's and Master's programmes at universities that are oriented towards business taxation or tax law. It is also ideally suited for self-study. Target groups are therefore students, lecturers in the field of business taxation and tax law. The book is also suitable for English-speaking practitioners (including those from abroad) who wish to develop basic knowledge of German profit taxes useful for everyday professional life. Assistants in tax consulting, tax clerks as well as landlords specialising in tax and not least also tax advisers are addressed here.
Are closed campus policies associated with adolescent eating behaviours?
Authors: Patte Karen A. , Cole Adam G. , Qian Wei , Magier Megan , Vine Michelle , Leatherdale Scott T.
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The effectiveness of school nutrition regulations may be undermined by food environments surrounding schools. Given challenges in regulating external retail, some have recommended policies that ensure students are unable to leave school property during the day (closed campus policies; CCP). We aimed to examine whether CCP are associated with student eating behaviours.

Methods

We used student and school-administrator survey data from the 60 610 Grades 9 to 12 students and 134 Canadian secondary schools that participated in Year 7 (2018/19) of the COMPASS study. Multiple ordinal regression models tested school CCP as a predictor of weekday dietary behaviours (0–5 days), controlling for student-level (grade, sex, spending money, ethnicity) and school-level (urbanicity, province, area median household income, vending machines) covariates.

Results

CCP were reported by 16 schools. Students who attended CCP schools reported eating lunch purchased from fast food outlets or other restaurants and drinking sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs; soft drinks and sports drinks; sweetened coffee or tea drinks) on fewer weekdays, but consumed snacks from school vending machines on more weekdays, relative to students at open campus schools. No significant differences were observed in student reports of eating home-packed or school cafeteria lunches or snacks purchased off-campus.

Conclusion

CCP may help improve adolescent diets by reducing SSB and lunchtime fast food consumption on weekdays; however, students already purchasing food may shift from off-campus to within-school options, highlighting the importance of ensuring healthy school food environments and encouraging students to bring home-prepared lunches. Future studies using experimental longitudinal designs are needed to determine the effect of CCP on various health behaviours and outcomes.
Structural determinants of stigma across health and social conditions: a rapid review and conceptual framework to guide future research and intervention
Authors: Bolster-Foucault Claire , Ho Mi Fane Brigitte , Blair Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Stigma has been identified as a key determinant of health and health inequities because of its effects on access to health-enabling resources and stress exposure. Though existing reports offer in-depth summaries of the mechanisms through which stigma influences health, a review of evidence on the upstream drivers of stigma across health and social conditions has been missing. The objective of this review is to summarize known structural determinants of stigma experienced across health and social conditions in developed country settings.

Methods

We conducted a rapid review of the literature. English- and French-language peer-reviewed and grey literature works published after 2008 were identified using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Google and Google Scholar. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers. Information from relevant publications was extracted, and a thematic analysis of identified determinants was conducted to identify broad domains of structural determinants. A narrative synthesis of study characteristics and identified determinants was conducted.

Results

Of 657 publications identified, 53 were included. Ten domains of structural determinants of stigma were identified: legal frameworks, welfare policies, economic policies, social and built environments, media and marketing, pedagogical factors, health care policies and practices, biomedical technology, diagnostic frameworks and public health interventions. Each domain is defined and summarized, and a conceptual framework for how the identified domains relate to the stigma process is proposed.

Conclusion

At least 10 domains of structural factors influence the occurrence of stigma across health and social conditions. These domains can be used to structure policy discussions centred on ways to reduce stigma at the population level.
Déterminants structurels de la stigmatisation touchant les conditions sanitaires et sociales : revue rapide et cadre conceptuel visant à guider la recherche et les interventions
Authors: Bolster-Foucault Claire , Ho Mi Fane Brigitte , Blair Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Introduction

On sait que la stigmatisation est un déterminant clé de la santé et des inégalités en matière de santé en raison de ses effets sur l’accès aux ressources favorables à la santé et sur l’exposition au stress. Alors que divers rapports offrent des synthèses approfondies des mécanismes par lesquels la stigmatisation influence la santé, il n’existe aucun examen des données probantes sur les facteurs en amont de la stigmatisation touchant les conditions sanitaires et sociales. L’objectif de cette étude consiste à réaliser une synthèse des déterminants structurels connus de la stigmatisation touchant les conditions sanitaires et sociales dans les pays développés.

Méthodologie

Nous avons procédé à une revue rapide de la littérature. Nous avons sélectionné des ouvrages de littérature grise et de littérature en anglais et en français évalués par des pairs et publiés après 2008 à l’aide de MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Google et Google Scholar. Les titres et les résumés ont été examinés indépendamment par deux évaluateurs. Nous avons extrait divers renseignements des publications pertinentes et nous avons mené une analyse thématique de ces déterminants afin de cerner les grands domaines des déterminants structurels. Nous avons réalisé une synthèse narrative des caractéristiques de chaque étude et des déterminants ciblés.

Résultats

Sur les 657 publications sélectionnées, nous en avons retenu 53. Nous avons relevé 10 domaines de déterminants structurels de la stigmatisation : cadres juridiques, politiques d’aide sociale, politiques économiques, environnements social et bâti, médias et marketing, facteurs pédagogiques, politiques et pratiques en matière de soins de santé, technologie biomédicale, cadres diagnostiques et interventions en santé publique. Chaque domaine a été circonscrit et synthétisé, et nous proposons un cadre conceptuel de la manière dont les domaines cernés sont liés au processus de stigmatisation.

Conclusion

Au moins 10 domaines de facteurs structurels ont une influence sur la stigmatisation touchant les conditions sanitaires et sociales. On peut se servir de ces domaines pour structurer des discussions stratégiques centrées sur les moyens de réduire la stigmatisation au sein de la population.
儒家生命倫理之基礎與方向——一個初步的分析
Authors: WANG Jue
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.雖然越來越多研究者認識到儒家倫理資源對當代生命倫理研究的價值，但“儒家生命倫理學”仍然是一個頗具爭議的提法。本文試圖表明，儒家生命倫理學是一種以本土文化傳統為主體，從完整的生活世界出發，以糾正原則主義偏狹的理論努力。因此，一種構建儒家生命倫理學的理論努力成功與否，取決於它在多大程度上能夠在現實生活中恢復儒家的生活世界（如儒家共同體）以及與之相應的道德關懷。依據這一視角，本文嘗試為儒家生命倫理學建構提供一種合法性論證，並對儒家生命倫理學的方法、結構和方向作出初步的探討。Although increasingly more scholars are realizing the significance of Confucian intellectual and moral resources to bioethics in China, the phrase “Confucian bioethics” remains controversial today. What is Confucian ethics? Is there such a thing? Is it even possible? The debate on bioethics has gone global due to a rapid growth in biotechnology and life sciences that impact people all over the world, and there is heightened demand for understanding the many associated issues from various socio-cultural and philosophic-ethical perspectives. Yet some people argue that current bioethical considerations should be couched in terms of “universal principles” that render a specifically Chinese or Confucian bioethics irrelevant. What that position ignores is the importance of cultural context in determining how such principles should be understood and implemented. This essay argues there are elements in bioethics that require it clearly to be Chinese (and Confucian). It pointsout that Confucian ethics should be reconstructed and based on a life-world in which Confucianism is a lived tradition rather than a piece of art exhibited in a museum. From a contemporary perspective, the Confucian way of living is a new form of creation, meeting the challenge of modernity and postmodernity in terms of ethics in general and bioethics in particular. The essay also addresses issues concerning the methodology, structure, and direction needed for the creation of a Confucian bioethics.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 413 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
以儒家中庸思想探討生命倫理學基本理論和原則
Authors: WANG Hongxia
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.中庸是孔子儒學思想的核心。中庸既承認絕對道德的存在，即“玄德”的存在，又承認具體道德的相對性，即“時權”的方法。與此同時，中庸帶有一定的功利主義的思想。本文認為，中庸的思想可以用不同的方式，解決義務論和功利主義（或效益主義）之間的矛盾。由於中庸提倡既不能“過”，也不能“不及”，其思想為我們看待生命倫理學原則的一般性和特殊性的關係、義務性和功利性的關係，以及對我們解決生命倫理學中的具體問題，如生死，提供了理論與實踐的基礎。This essay explores the doctrine of the mean as the key concept in Confucian thought and practice, contending that it has both general and specific dimensions as it recognizes the absoluteness of moral and ethical principles while acknowledging the importance of relativity in concrete situations when those principles are used. The notion of the “mean” is thus not merely a moral virtue that enables the avoidance of extremes; rather, it is utilitarian because it looks for goodness and effectiveness.This essay points out that the Confucian notion of the mean can be applied to a wide range of bioethical issues, particularly the way we look at life and death in the case of euthanasia and abortion. In Western moral philosophy, there has always been some disagreement about the importance of principles and rules to morality exemplified by the debate between Kantians and utilitarians. The essay argues that the doctrine of the mean in Confucianism offers an alternative way of examining the differences between these two moral approaches.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 300 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
墮胎——道家和道教的觀點
Authors: QUAN Linchun
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.道家思想尊重人性、堅持貴生輕物、生命至上，維護人的發展。道家對待生死的態度是遵循自然本性，主張順其自然。從這一觀點出發，墮胎不是自然而然，而是通過人為的手段達到其他的目的。道教除了順其自然的思想外，還強調陰陽平衡、尊道積德。道教認為，胎兒具有靈性，因此是有生命的，殺死胎兒屬於殺生惡行。道家和道教對待墮胎的態度無疑對於當今審視中國墮胎政策，富有一定的啟示意義。雖然，道家和道教沒有使用“權利”這樣的倫理語言，但卻反映了對生命的尊重。Daoism, one of China’s major philosophical and religioustraditions, emphasizes such notions as holism, organicism, andnaturalness, promoting the idea of living in line with the rulesand patterns of nature. This essay examines the Daoist ethics ofliving naturally with special attention given to abortion. It pointsout that for philosophical Daoism, abortion is not acceptablebecause it is considered an “artificial” action for a self-servingpurpose, such as aborting an unwanted baby girl after a sex teston a fetus. For religious Daoism, abortion is not acceptable because the fetus has a spirit and a soul. Both traditions maintain the importance of the sacredness of all life. Yet the language of rights and choices is absent in Daoism, and the aim of the essay is to present the basic teaching of Daoism and show that it is relevant to contemporary bioethical issues. With the increasing use of modern medical technology that makes the control or manipulation of the human body much easier, it is utterly important for humanity to think about the nature of human beings and the relationship between itself and the natural world. The essay also contends that Daoism offers a perspective to reflect on the one-child policy in China that has been practiced in the past few decades.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 1355 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
人性、人格與幹細胞研究
Authors: LIANG Yuanyuan
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.很多人曾經預言幹細胞基礎研究是諾貝爾獎的應允之地，但沒想到這賜福來的如此之快。從另一個側面，這個獎項也說明了與幹細胞研究息息相關的各大生命醫學領域的科學家對於這一醫學或生物學發現是多麼的飢渴。本文著重探討“誘導多功能幹細胞”(iPSCs)研究所引發的生命技術在倫理學上的挑戰。傳統形而上學和宗教道德觀對人性的定義、對人格、家庭、人倫關係等等問題的看法，都會由於當前的幹細胞研究而產生前所未有的變化。面對全新的生命技術，我們人類是否準備好了這個挑戰呢？Despite stem cell researchers receiving the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent, stem cell research is still controversial in bio-medical debates. Stem cells have undoubted medical potential in areas such as repairing aging and injured tissues and organs, but stem-cell research involves the creation, use, and destruction of human embryos. That leads to the question of whether embryonic stem cells have moral status and what it means to be human.This essay explores how new stem cell technology will drastically change the way we define humans and human relationships. We will need to ask what a human being is, what personhood is, what marriage is, and what reproduction is. At the same time, regenerative medicine that depends on the availability of appropriate cells and cell lines gives rise to questions of who “owns” human material and its derived products, and the “rights” of cell donors. The commercial benefits from regenerative medicine will also create black markets such that in China. The essay concludes that stem cell research must be controlled and limited, and its ethical impacts and implications must be taken seriously.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 129 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.