bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Situação do processo de elaboração do Plano do Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado da região metropolitana de Salvador : O processo de contratação, elaboração e implementação dos PDUIs, contemplando as soluções de governança do plano, a definição dos instrumentos, os arranjos de gestão e a solução de conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo : componente B : relatório de pesquisa
Authors:   Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea)
Published: June 2021

Este relatório integra ações decorrentes do Acordo de Cooperação Técnica n° 7, celebrado entre o Ipea, a Procuradoria Geral do Estado da Bahia (PGE/BA) e a Secretaria de Desenvolvimento Urbano do Estado da Bahia (Sedur/BA), visando à implementação das ações conjuntas que assegurem a realização de estudos e pesquisas de interesse mútuo, principalmente a respeito de temas afetos ao fortalecimento institucional e gestão pública municipal. O objetivo é discorrer sobre a situação do processo de contratação, elaboração e implementação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado (PDUI) da Região Metropolitana (RM) de Salvador, contemplando os fatos da estrutura de governança interfederativa (institucional e normativa) do plano, a definição dos instrumentos, e os arranjos de gestão e solução de conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo.
LA PRAXIS EN ESCRITURURA-LECTURA EN ESTUDIANTES DE PREGRADO (UNAM SI)
Authors: Aguilar José
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo toma una muestra representativa de alumnos de pregrado que presentan debilidades en las habilidades de escritora-lectora en la nueva modalidad remota propiciada por la contingencia de pandemia COVID 19. Se aplican instrumentos de preferencia y de evaluación con el objeto de diseñar estrategias de acompañamiento de mayor eficacia para que potencien las habilidades cognitivas de análisis, síntesis, contrastación de ideas y mejora en la actitud crítica de los estudiantes en cuanto a su profesión se refiere y el contexto social que se presenta en las condiciones actuales. Se advierte que se trata de un estudio tendencial que obedece a medidas de circunstancia que no habían sido previstas ni menos aún planeadas por la comunidad universitaria.
REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA EN LA ACADEMIA DE HUMANIDADES EN EL PLANTEL CECYTEM CUAUTITLÁN PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE REACTIVOS
Authors: Hernández Eleri
Published: June 2021

Dadas las nuevas condiciones de educación remota en nivel el de bachillerato en el Estado de México, se realiza una revisión de fuentes en dos momentos con el objetivo de orientar evaluaciones confiables. El primer momento se refiere a la pertinencia y actualización de bibliografía conforme a unas jerarquías epistémicas que permita la elaboración de reactivos estandarizadas confiables. El segundo momento se aducen razones del por qué es insuficiente la adopción de material didáctico de fuentes terciarias para orientar vocaciones investigativas en docentes y alumnos, ya que el actual modelo educativo carece de un control epistémico, puesto que no fue pensado originalmente para la educación a distancia que adopta evaluaciones permanentes.
Türk Sigorta Sektörünün 2010-2019 Dönemi Prim ve Reasürans İlişkisinin Zaman Serisi Yöntemi ile Analizi
Authors: ÖZCAN Hakan , YILDIRIM Furkan
Published: June 2021

Bir güvence enstrümanı olarak sigorta; oluşacak zararların birlikte karşılanmasını sağlayan bir sistemidir. Sigortacılığın en önemli fonksiyonlarından biri riski transfer ederek azaltmaktır. Sigorta şirketleri de prim karşılığı aldıkları risklerin bir kısmını üzerinde tutar ve bir kısmını da reasürans şirketlerine devrederler. Reasüransın en önemli amacı sigorta şirketinin yaptıkları sigorta işleminden dolayı uğrayabileceği zararı azaltmaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bir zaman diliminde sigorta prim üretimleri ile reasürans devirleri arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmektir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak 2010-2019 döneminde Türkiye’de prim üretimi yapan hayat dışı sigorta şirketlerinin; toplam üretimleri ve reasürans devir verileri ile bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Genel zararlar, genel sorumluluk, yangın ve doğal afetler, nakliyat ile trafik branşlarının toplam reasürans primindeki payları 10 yıl ve 40 dönem aralığında değerlendirilmiştir. Trafik hariç diğer branşlarda yıllar itibariyle benzer bir eğilim gözlemlenmiştir. Trafik branşının reasürans devir payında ise yıllar içinde bir artış tespit edilmiştir. Zaman serisi yöntemi ile yapılan analizde stabil değişim gösteren yangın ve doğal afetler branşı ile artış gösteren trafik branşı verileri incelenmiştir. Trafik branşındaki bu değişimin artan prim üretimi ve primlerin toplam üretim içindeki payından kaynaklandığı düşünülmektedir.
Turizm İşletmelerinin İhtiyaç Duyduğu Danışmanlık Hizmetleri: Kastamonu Örneği
Authors: ŞENGÜL Ali , PAMUKCU Huseyin , ARICI Semih
Published: June 2021

Bir işletmenin büyümesi ya da bir işletmede zorunlu olarak küçülmeye gidilmemesi için sürekli değişmekte olan şartlara ayak uydurulması gerekmekte ve bu sürecin olumlu bir şekilde ilerleyebilmesi için de profesyonel destek alınmalıdır. Destinasyonlarda turistlere, konaklama, yeme-içme, ulaşım vb. hizmetler sunan ve turizm sektörünün önemli halkalarından biri olan turizm işletmelerinin de bu şartlara uyum sağlaması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, turizm işletme sahiplerinin/yöneticilerinin turizm sektörüne yatırım kararı verdikten önceki ve sonraki süreçlerde hangi danışmanlık hizmetlerine ihtiyaç duyduklarının belirlenmesi ve bu konudaki eksik yönlerin saptanması hedeflenmiştir. Nitel olarak yapılan bu çalışmada; Kastamonu ilindeki turizm işletmelerinin bu sektöre yatırım yapma kararı öncesinde, yatırım sürecinde ve yatırım yaptıktan sonraki süreçlerde ne gibi araştırmalar yaptıkları, bu süreçte karşılaştıkları sorunları nasıl aştıkları ve herhangi bir danışmana ihtiyaç duyup duymadıkları gibi konular mülakat tekniği kullanılarak tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, işletmelerin danışmanlık hizmetine ihtiyaç duymadıkları ve herhangi bir kurum ya da kuruluştan yardım almadıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca elde edilen sonuçlara göre, bu işletmelerin karşılaştıkları ya da karşılaşabilecekleri sorunları yakın çevresiyle birlikte çözmeye çalıştıkları belirlenmiştir.
Öğrenme Yönetim Sistemi Kullanımının Teknoloji Kabul Modeli Kapsamında İncelenmesi: Anadolu Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: BARAZ Avni Barış , ATİK Emre , ATİK Ezgi
Published: June 2021

Gelişen bilgi teknolojileri, internete kolay ve hızlı erişim olanakları sunmaktadır. İnternetin sağladığı önemli olanaklardan biri de bilgi aktarımıdır. Öğrenme yönetim sistemleri sayesinde kurumlar, internet üzerinden öğrencilere eş zamanlı veya eş zamansız olarak bilgi aktarımı yapabilmektedir. Bir öğrenme yönetim sistemi olan Anadolum eKampüs ise Blackboard işletim sistemi üzerinden çalışmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğrencilerin öğrenme yönetim sistemi kullanımlarına yönelik niyet ve davranışlarını ortaya çıkartmaktır. Teknolojinin kabulüne ilişkin bir modelden (UTAUT2) yararlanılan çalışmada, Anadolu Üniversitesi uzaktan öğretim öğrencileri araştırma evreni olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda toplam 7575 öğrenciden çevrimiçi anket ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, öğrencilerin eKampüs’e yönelik niyetlerini performans beklentisi, kolaylaştırıcı koşullar ve alışkanlıkların etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın öğrenme yönetim sisteminin işlevlerinin ortaya konması bakımından literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
BİST100 Endeksi Üzerine Bir Ampirik Analiz: 2001 Türkiye Finansal Krizi Örneği
Authors: COŞKUN Gamzenur , UÇAN Okyay
Published: June 2021

Maliyet, fiyat, üretim ve satış gibi verilerin bir araya gelerek, borsada işleme konu olan yatırım araçlarının belirli bir dönem içerisindeki oransal değişimini ölçen göstergeye endeks denir. Borsa İstanbul 100 (BİST100) Endeksi ise, Borsa İstanbul’da işleme konu olan hem piyasa değeri hem de işlem hacmi en fazla olan yüz hisseden oluşan pay piyasasının temel endeksidir. Bu endeksin fiyat oluşumu etkileyen birtakım makroekonomik değişkenler söz konusudur. Hangi değişkenin BİST100 Endeksi’ne ne tür etkilerde bulunduğunun bilinmesi bu noktada önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Türkiye 2001 finansal kriz dönemi ve sonrasında TL/GR altın, vadeli mevduat faizi ve USD/TL döviz kuru ile BIST100 Endeksi arasındaki ilişkilerin yönü ve derecesinin ne olduğunun ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; 2001:Q1-2020:Q4 çeyrek dönemlerini kapsayan bu çalışmada değişkenler arasındaki bağlantı birim kök, eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik analizleri uygulanarak sınanmıştır. Ampirik araştırma sonuçlarına göre; değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme yani uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin olmadığı saptanmıştır. Farkları alınarak seviyede durağan duruma getirilen değişkenlere VAR analizi uygulanmıştır. Nedensellik analizinin bulguları doğrultusunda; seçilmiş makroekonomik değişkenler arasında nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Migration and immigration representing an unwanted ally of terrorism
Authors: Mesároš Marián , Dufinec Imrich
Published: June 2021

Migration and immigration as phenomena of the 21st century have a clear connection with terrorism, namely not only as its result, but also its reason. The main reason is represented by a doctrine of the world superpowers in their effort in gaining capital and looking for crude oil, and is also a result of the colonial past of the majority of the European countries. The individual world religions are experiencing breaking the armistice resulting in armed conflicts and illegitimate interfering of the world powers even without the UNO authorization to do so. Though the United Nations Organisation has a noble mission, its activities do not correspond with the content of the mission. Even the embargo imposed on the Russian federation cannot force anybody to think Russia is interested in solving the problem and does so only in favour of its interests. As has already been stated above the USA has its own interests and maybe also the feeling of guilt as the majority of the so-called Islamic state, just like opponents of the regimes in Lybia, Syria and Egypt, had to undergo training programmes and were armed by American specialists who asked for their Judas services a lot of money. Research tools used to write this article was analysis, analysis, synthesis of available information, reports, scientific articles on the subject and subsequent deduction to identify conclusions.
Factors influencing and dynamics of the agricultural insurance market
Authors: Tanklevska Nataliya , Yarmolenko Vitalina
Published: June 2021

The article is aimed at identifying modern features of insurance in the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy and defining the factors of influence on the agricultural insurance market. The article discloses interpretation of the terms of «insurance» and «agricultural insurance» and also presents the types of possible risks arising in the activities of agricultural enterprises. The performance indicators of leading insurance companies in the field of agricultural insurance are analyzed. The current state and dynamics of insurance of agricultural risks, which arise both in the field of crop production and in livestock, are researched. This will allow predicting the future prospects of the market for insurance services and products, as well as finding possible optimal ways to solve the problems of product insurance, faced by the agricultural producers. The main factors influencing the efficiency of the insurance market in the agricultural insurance sector are allocated. The basic principles of insurance of agricultural products with the State support are analyzed. It is defined that the further development of agricultural insurance should be directed towards creating a profitable and safe environment for all participants in the agricultural market, which provides for the distribution of risks between agricultural producers, processing enterprises, banks, insurance companies and the State. The agricultural insurance of risks creates possibilities for advantageous harmonizing the interests of participants in the agricultural insurance market and the State as a party whose first priority is to ensure stable economic growth.
Development strategy of production enterprises to ensure competitiveness and development of economic systems
Authors: Susidenko Valentin , Susidenko Julia
Published: June 2021

The paper deals with the problem of determination the development strategy enterprises of the food industry in the conditions of integration and globalization processes. The problems influencing the level of global competitiveness determined. Identified key competitive advantages and their relationship with the factors of the competitive environment. This allowed distinguishing the development of strategic priorities the food industry of Ukraine to achieve competitive advantages in the context of current operation conditions. The article deals with the fundamentals of developing the strategy of enterprise economic development. In estimating the level of economic development the graphic analytical model has been suggested. The development trends have been investigated for determining the range of enterprise strategic alternatives. The typical positions of enterprises have been stated depending on the life cycle and the position on the market in order to take into account the most probable prospective trends.
Management of BAIS: Technological Trends and Digital Initiatives 4.0
Authors: Kraus Kateryna , Kraus Nataliia , Marchenko Oleksandr
Published: June 2021

Successful operation of modern banking institutions significantly depends on the use of the latest information and communication technologies in process management, from motivation and communication with staff, to remote control of banking operations. Purpose of scientific research is a study of the principles and features of banking automated information system in terms of implementation of the latest information and cloud technologies by banking institutions. The object of scientific research is banking automated information system of banking institutions. The result of the article: research proved that the creation and selection of banking automated information system of banking institution is based on the planning of all systems related to the functioning of the complete infrastructure of the bank, built on information technology; the causes and consequences of various risk situations by channels of their occurrence (information Web-site, e-mail, network systems, system failures, electronic payment systems and data transmission systems, electronic channel) in the banking sector as a result of using a bank automated information system are substantiated; key areas of banking automated information system and the elements of the system of risk situations that arise in the banking sector as a result of the use of banking automated information system are described; main requirements for information support of banking institution and the main criteria for choosing banking automated information system of a banking institution are identified. Practical implications: priority ways of overcoming the risks of introduction of banking automated information system are offered, taking into account the scope and spread of risks. At the same time, the methods of providing cloud services used by banking institutions were evaluated. Value/originality: the introduction of a banking automated information system of a banking institution today is impossible without the use of cloud technologies (infrastructure as a service – IaaS, software as a service – SaaS, platform as a service – PaaS), each of which has a number of strengths and weaknesses.
The social assistance system in Poland and its financing in 2015-2018 as a factor of the stabilization of the socio-economic policy of the state in turbulent conditions
Authors: Fraczek Piotr , Kaczmarski Mateusz
Published: June 2021

Most developed countries in the world strive to provide their citizens with adequate living conditions and ensure a high level of social security. This security system also includes social assistance, which is the last level of state policy in supporting its citizens who find themselves in a difficult life situation. Apart from fulfilling a protective role, the social welfare system also plays a stabilizing role in the socio-economic policy of the state. Problems related to the social system and financial resources allocated to their functioning from the state budget are the subject of many scientific publications around the world. Meanwhile, in Poland, there are few scientific publications on the effectiveness and financing of expenditure for social purposes, including the social assistance system. Identifying the level of financial resources allocated to the social assistance system may be the first step to rationalizing the system of financial transfers from the state budget. The article aims is to identify the level of budgetary expenditure allocated in Poland in 2015-2018 to the social assistance system. The analyzes carried out indicate that in the period 2015-2018, budget expenditure on the social assistance system and supporting families increased. In 2018, these expenses accounted for as much as 12.7% of the total state budget expenditure. There is a noticeable tendency consisting of reducing financial resources allocated to social assistance while increasing budgetary transfers directed to families with children - government's "Family 500+" program.
Immigrants in polish economy
Authors: Dudzik Iwona , Brukwicka Irena
Published: June 2021

This article deals with immigrants in Polish economy. The aim of the article is to present the most important research findings, concerning immigrants and enterprises where they are employed. This issue also includes the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors of this paper focused mostly on Ukrainian immigrants.

It has been proven that increase in the number of immigrant workers leads to the growth of the Gross Domestic Product, and contributes to the faster growth in remittances from the Republic of Poland to Ukraine. As a result of the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sales, non-employment costs were reduced in the service and industrial sectors. Employment changes were not correlated with company’s situation.  It is worth noting, that because of the COVID-19 pandemic, some companies may be less inclined to recruit immigrants in the near future, and the overall demand for labor may decrease. This is particularly important, because the primary reason for employment people from abroad was the inability to meet labor needs of the citizens of Poland. The majority of immigrants are employed only to perform physical work which does not require qualifications. Large companies show greater interest in the foreign human capital. Over the past five years, there has been an increase in the number of immigrants who declared their intention to stay in Poland for a longer period of time. More than half of the immigrants stay in Poland, with at least, one family member. On this basis, it may be concluded that the number of immigrants willing to settle in Poland is growing.
Trends in Spitzer Secondary Eclipses
Authors: Wallack Nicole L. , Knutson Heather A. , Deming Drake
Published: June 2021

It is well established that the magnitude of the incident stellar flux is the single most important factor in determining the day–night temperature gradients and atmospheric chemistries of short-period gas giant planets. However, it is likely that other factors, such as planet-to-planet variations in atmospheric metallicity, C/O ratio, and cloud properties, also contribute to the observed diversity of infrared spectra for this population of planets. In this study, we present new 3.6 and 4.5 μm secondary eclipse measurements for five transiting gas giant planets: HAT-P-5b, HAT-P-38b, WASP-7b, WASP-72b, and WASP-127b. We detect eclipses in at least one bandpass for all five planets and confirm circular orbits for all planets except WASP-7b, which shows evidence for a nonzero eccentricity. Building on the work of Garhart et al., we place these new planets into a broader context by comparing them with the sample of all planets with measured Spitzer secondary eclipses. We find that incident flux is the single most important factor for determining the atmospheric chemistry and circulation patterns of short-period gas giant planets. Although we might also expect surface gravity and host star metallicity to play a secondary role, we find no evidence for correlations with either of these two variables.
Searching for Surviving Companion in the Young SMC Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2–7219
Authors: Li 李傳 Chuan-Jui 睿 , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Ishioka Ryoko , Chu 朱有 You-Hua 花 , Ruiter Ashley J. , Vogt Frédéric P. A.
Published: June 2021

1E 0102.2–7219 (hereafter E0102) is a young supernova remnant (SNR) in the Small Magellanic Cloud. It contains oxygen-rich SN ejecta, a possible neutron star (NS), and a small amount of fast-moving H-rich ejecta material. These properties are also seen in Cas A; it has thus been suggested that E0102 is also a Type IIb SNR, whose SN progenitor’s hydrogen envelope was stripped off possibly via interactions with a companion star. To search for a surviving companion of E0102's SN progenitor, we have used archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) continuum images to make photometric measurements of stars projected in the SNR to construct color–magnitude diagrams and compare the stars with those expected from surviving companions of Type IIb SNe. We have also used the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer observations taken with the Very Large Telescope to perform spectroscopic analyses of stars and search for peculiar radial velocities as diagnostics of surviving companions. We further use the HST and Gaia data to inspect proper motions of stars for complementary kinetic studies. No plausible companion candidates are found if the SN explosion site was near the NS, while the B3 V star 34a may be a plausible companion candidate if the SN explosion site is near the SN ejecta’s expansion center. If the NS is real and associated with E0102, it needs a ∼1000 km s−1 runaway velocity, which has been observed in other SNRs and can be acquired from an asymmetric SN explosion or a kick by the SN explosion of a massive companion.
Flare-induced Photospheric Velocity Diagnostics
Authors: Monson Aaron J. , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Reid Aaron , Milligan Ryan , Kuridze David
Published: June 2021

We present radiative-hydrodynamic simulations of solar flares generated by the RADYN and RH codes to study the perturbations induced in photospheric Fe i lines by electron beam heating. We investigate how variations in the beam parameters result in discernible differences in the induced photospheric velocities. Line synthesis revealed a significant chromospheric contribution to the line profiles resulting in an apparent red asymmetry by as much as 40 m s−1 close to the time of maximum beam heating, which was not reflective of the upflow velocities that arose from the radiative-hydrodynamic simulations at those times. The apparent redshift to the overall line profile was produced by significant chromospheric emission that was blueshifted by as much as 400 m s−1 and fills in the blue side of the near-stationary photospheric absorption profile. The velocity information that can be retrieved from photospheric line profiles during flares must therefore be treated with care to mitigate the effects of higher parts of the atmosphere providing an erroneous velocity signal.
Automated Photometry of γ Cassiopeiae: The Last Roundup
Authors: Smith M. A. , Henry G. W.
Published: June 2021

γ Cassiopeiae (B0.5IVe) is the noted prototype of a subgroup of classical Be stars exhibiting hard thermal X-ray emission. This paper reports results from a 23 yr optical campaign on this star with an automated photometric telescope (APT). A series of unstable long cycles of length 56–91 days has nearly ceased over the last decade. Also, we revise the frequency of the dominant coherent signal at 0.82238 days−1. This signal’s amplitude has nearly disappeared in the last 15 yr but has somewhat recovered its former strength. We confirm the presence of secondary nonradial pulsation signals found by other authors at frequencies 1.24, 2.48, and 5.03 days−1. The APT data from intensively monitored nights reveal rapidly variable amplitudes among these frequencies. We show that peculiarities in the 0.82 days−1 waveform exist that can vary even over several days. Although the 0.82 days−1 frequency is near the star’s presumed rotational frequency, because of its phase slippage with respect to a dip pattern in its far-UV light curve, it is preferable to consider the UV pattern, not the 0.82 days−1 signal, as associated with rotational modulation. We also find hints of the UV dip pattern in periodograms of seasonal data early in our program.
Thismia sitimeriamiae (Thismiaceae), an extraordinary new species from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Siti-Munirah Mat Yunoh , Dome Nikong , Thorogood Chris J.
Published: June 2021

We describe an extraordinary new species in the genus Thismia from the Terengganu State of Malaysia in the Malay Peninsula. The new species, which we name Thismia sitimeriamiae, is distinct from all other Thismia species known to science, most notably in its unique mitre configuration formed by the inner tepals and its floral surface morphology characterised by conspicuous orange trichomes. We discuss our findings in the context of underestimated species diversity in the genus Thismia and implications for their conservation. We recommend assigning T. sitimeriamiae the conservation status as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria.
Study to elucidate the pharmacological activity of retinalamin in a rat model of ischemic retinopathy
Authors: Pobeda Anna S. , Kalatanova Anna V. , Abashev Daria A. , Dolzhikov Aleksandr A. , Solovev Nikolai V. , Shchurovskaya Kristina V. , Chernyaeva Sofia S. , Kolesnik Inga M.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Over the past few years, the incidence of retinal ischemic disorders has been increasing, due to a rising prevalence of such socially burdensome diseases as diabetes and hypertension, which ultimately lead to ocular vascular pathology. The identification of new treatment options that would prevent retinal neuron death is a crucial task of modern pharmacology.

Materials and methods: The research was carried out on male Wistar rats. Retinopathy was modeled by inducing a 30-min ischemic episode, with a 72-hour period of reperfusion and subsequent administration of Retinalamin and Emoxypine for 10 days. The effectiveness of the drugs was evaluated by electroretinographic, ophthalmoscopic and morphological assessments.

Results and discussion: On Day 14 of the experiment, a dose-dependent preservation of the electroretinogram b-wave/a-wave amplitude ratio was observed in the animals treated with Retinalamin depending on a dose (1.39±0.06, 1.46±0.03 and 1.49±0.04 in low (0.214 mg/kg), medium (0.428 mg/kg) and high (0.857 mg/kg) Retinalamin dose groups, respectively). The ophthalmoscopic picture of the fundus oculi also improved following the treatment with Retinalamin (1.42, 1.69 and 1.90 times lower ophthalmoscopic scores compared to placebo-treated animals in low, medium and high dose groups, respectively). The morphologic “coefficient of change” applied to ganglion cell layer was 2.2, 1.7 and 1.6 points in low, medium and high dose Retinalamin groups, respectively. These results are significantly different from both intact and placebo group (p<0.05). Based on the aforementioned experimental findings, we conclude that Retinalamin has a retinoprotective effect and is superior to the drug of comparison (Emoxypine).

Conclusion: The greatest neuroprotective effects were shown in the groups receiving Retinalamin. In these groups, the ERG b-wave/a-wave amplitude ratio was preserved, the ophthalmoscopic picture was less pathologic and retinal morphology features were close to those of the intact retina.
Europe : des valeurs en évolution mais toujours aussi clivées
Authors: Bréchon Pierre
Published: June 2021

La revue Futuribles s’intéresse depuis plus de 35 ans à l’évolution des systèmes de valeurs et à l’étude de leur transformation, faisant régulièrement écho aux enquêtes réalisées tous les 9-10 ans dans le cadre de l’ European Values Study (EVS), en étroite collaboration avec Pierre Bréchon. La dernière vague de l’EVS a été conduite en 2017-2018 dans 37 pays et permet, en la comparant aux enquêtes de 1990, 1999 et 2008, de voir et comprendre comment les valeurs évoluent, sur longue période, sur le continent européen. C’est à ces principaux enseignements qu’est consacré le dossier ouvert dans ce numéro par l’article de Pierre Bréchon. Après un rappel de la méthodologie des EVS, l’auteur y souligne les différences de valeurs observées suivant les zones géographiques (Europe de l’Ouest / du Sud / de l’Est membre ou non de l’Union européenne / pays nordiques), toujours très marquées, tout en insistant sur la distinction essentielle à faire entre la tendance à l’individualisation (volonté d’autonomie) et celle allant vers l’individualisme (recherche de son strict intérêt personnel). Puis il examine les évolutions principales que l’on peut dégager sur longue période, parmi lesquelles une forte hausse de l’individualisation, tout particulièrement en Europe du Nord et de l’Ouest, et une relative régression de l’individualisme (excepté en Europe de l’Est). Il présente également les grandes tendances en matière de religiosité, d’adhésion aux valeurs démocratiques, de xénophobie… Enfin, outre les variables culturelles et religieuses, Pierre Bréchon souligne l’importance des variables sociologiques dans les différences de valeurs, les personnes les plus favorisées faisant globalement preuve d’une plus grande ouverture aux autres. Deux articles complètent ce dossier : l’un sur la montée du populisme autoritaire (Gilles Ivaldi) et l’autre sur l’évolution des valeurs de tolérance (Raul Magni Berton).  S.D.
L’Europe et les libertés fondamentales
Authors: Drevet Jean-François
Published: June 2021

La crise de la Covid et les nombreuses mesures restrictives pour les libertés qui ont dû être prises un peu partout dans le monde ont réveillé les débats en matière de respect et défense des libertés individuelles. C’est bien entendu le cas en Europe, berceau des droits de l’homme. Mais au-delà du débat conjoncturel inhérent à la crise Covid, la question de la défense des libertés fondamentales à l’échelle de l’Union européenne, prise dans une acception plus large — défense de la démocratie et des normes qui la définissent au sein des États membres, candidats à l’intégration, ou voisins de l’Union — mérite d’être réévaluée. C’est ce que propose cette chronique, qui rappelle les principes de base de l’Union en la matière (pas de place pour les régimes dictatoriaux ou liberticides) ; les textes sur lesquels ces principes s’appuient, mais dont la violation peine à déboucher sur des sanctions efficaces ; et les inquiétudes inhérentes aux dérives anti-démocratiques observées dans les pays tiers voisins de l’Union. Jean-François Drevet tire ici une sonnette d’alarme pour que l’Union affirme ses principes et se donne les moyens de les appliquer plus strictement et plus efficacement dans un contexte plus précaire pour les valeurs démocratiques.  S.D.
Blockchain and its application to accounting
Authors: Pascual Pedreño Eladio , Gelashvili Vera , Pascual Nebreda Laura
Published: June 2021

Purpose: In recent years Bitcoin has revolutionized the financial world. Its birth was made possible thanks to an innovative combination of certain pre-existing technology in computer networks and cryptography, which led to the existence of a transparent, reliable and immutable record of transactions, a large shared ledger: Blockchain. Several studies analyse the application or future application of Blockchain in different industries. The application of Blockchain in accounting is one of the most debated, since it is a shared accounting record and it is anticipated that its application could change the mission of accountants or even auditors. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to analyze the existing literature on the importance of Blockchain and its possible impact on accounting.Design/methodology/approach: The review of the literature on blockchain and its importance was carried out. Also we have analyzed the triple entry and the so-called accounting ledger, trying to clarify some existing terminological confusion, and we have faced what could be the future of this technology.Findings: The review of the literature implies that Blockchain, after technical improvement and development, will involve an important transformation of the traditional accounting system, with the consequent modification of the work of accountants and auditors.Originality/value: One of the main contributions of this study is its importance for academic literature, being one of the first to analyze the impact of Blockchain in traditional accounting.
Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Risuteganib for Non-Exudative AMD: A Multicenter, Phase 2a, Randomized, Clinical Trial
Authors: Boyer David S. , Gonzalez Victor H. , Kunimoto Derek Y. , Maturi Raj K. , Roe Richard H. , Singer Michael A. , Xavier Samantha , Kornfield Julie A. , Kuppermann Baruch D. , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo , Aubel Janine , Karageozian Hampar L. , Park John Y. , Karageozian Vicken H. , Karageozian Lisa , Sarayba Melvin A. , Kaiser Peter K.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1.0 mg risuteganib in subjects with nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This was a phase 2a, prospective, double-masked, sham-controlled study. Eyes with nonexudative (dry) AMD and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/40 and 20/200 were included. Subjects were randomized to intravitreal 1.0 mg risuteganib or sham injection. At Week 16, subjects in the risuteganib group received a second 1.0-mg dose and the sham group crossed over to receive a dose of 1.0 mg risuteganib and were evaluated at Week 28. The primary endpoint was proportion of subjects with 8 letters ETDRS or more BCVA gain from baseline to Week 28 in the risuteganib group versus baseline to Week 12 for the sham group. BCVA was tested and subjects were observed for adverse events (AEs) every 4 weeks until completion of the study at 32 weeks.

RESULTS:

Forty-five subjects (risuteganib, n = 29; sham, n = 16) were enrolled in the study, of whom 39 (risuteganib, n = 25; sham, n = 14) completed the study and were included in the per protocol efficacy analysis. At baseline, mean age was 78.8 and 75.9 years and mean BCVA was 67.1 and 64.4 letters in the sham and risuteganib groups, respectively. The primary endpoint was met by 48% of the risuteganib group at Week 28 and 7% of the sham group at Week 12 (
P
= .013). Of the risuteganib subjects, 20% gained 15 letters or more at Week 28, whereas no patients in the sham group at Week 12 achieved this visual acuity gain. The only ocular treatment-related treatment-emergent AE was vitreous floaters, which spontaneously recovered without sequelae. No drug-related serious AE was reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

Risuteganib demonstrated significant BCVA improvement in patients with non-exudative AMD. No drug-related AEs were seen during a 32-week observation period.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:327–335.]
Educating Managers and Future Managers in Sustainability: Experiences from the Fishpond Experiment at the Berner Fachhochschule
Authors: Frecè Jan Thomas , Koumpis Adamantios
Published: June 2021

The paper presents an implementation of the fishpond experiment as a means to help the development of a first-hand experience of the implications of individual and group behavior to the tragedy of commons. Apart from its value to teaching purposes, we see the value for exploring the potential of scaling up and transfer of its deployment to a broader audiences not only in the educational curricula but also for professional development of future generations of environmentally conscious and responsible managers and corporate decision-makers.
Early Childhood Teacher Professional Development on Technologies for Young Children
Authors: Hartle Lynn , Bales Diane , Gardner Katherine , MacLeod Kelsey , DeFluri Megan , Ehinger Sydney
Published: June 2021

Early childhood (EC) teachers need ongoing professional development (PD) to use information and communications technology (ICT) intentionally with young children. This chapter bridges the existing literature on PD best practices with additional interview data from EC teachers and higher education faculty. Three frames of influence on EC teachers' uses of ICT are discussed: personal – beliefs and comfort with technology; institutional – mandated curriculum, affordances of equipment, and ongoing personalized support; and societal – pervasive reliance on technology and influence on young children's future careers. The chapter concludes with PD recommendations for ICT that is content- and pedagogy-focused, based on research and policy, provides options for PD types and timing with follow up supports, and includes EC teachers in shared decision making for appropriate ICT practices in their classrooms.
Our Place
Authors: Seitz Hilary Jo
Published: June 2021

Every community has something special to offer. Learning about the local community, thinking about the local landscape, and learning about cultural traditions and values can be the basis for learning about our place. Using an our place approach, one that is place-based, culturally responsive, and with STEAM integration, will help children connect with their local place. Using our place as a curriculum starter and connecter can be rewarding and meaningful to the children, the families, and the community. Building authentic learning opportunities based on strengths in the community, cultural values, and content integration will have a positive impact on all those involved.
Systematic Model for Decision Support System
Authors: Kashyap Ramgopal
Published: June 2021

Decision makers require a versatile framework that responds and adjusts to the always changing business conditions. The personal information handling arrangement of an organization can offer the least help since it identified with exchanges. For this situation, the decision support system (DSS) joins human abilities with the abilities of PCs to give productive administration of information, announcing, investigation, displaying, and arranging issues. DSS provides a refinement between organized, semi-organized, and unstructured data. Specifically, a DSS lessens the amount of data to a ridiculous organized sum; because of this, choices are made to help the assembling procedure. The objective of these frameworks is to prevent issues inside the generation procedure. This chapter gives an outline of the state-of-the-art craftsmanship writing on DSS and portrays current methods of DSS-related applications inside assembling situations.
Decision Support System for Assigning Members to Agile Teams
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Adão Diogo , Martins Catarina
Published: June 2021

The use of agile methodologies like SCRUM is seen by companies in the software engineering field as a strategic necessity for their competitiveness, which makes them more reactive and dynamic in an increasingly demanding and competitive international market. One of the critical factors in the implementation of a SCRUM environment is the set-up of teams that are simultaneously homogeneous and composed of the best collaborators for each SCRUM role. In this sense, this study describes the modeling process and presents the implementation of a decision support system that can contribute to improving the process of assigning an agile team simultaneously considering the technical and social skills of employees. The results of the study allowed testing the application considering different competencies associated to each Agile position, the impact that the attribution process suffers from oscillations in the process of evaluation and self-evaluation, and the impact in terms of the performance of the inclusion of new collaborators and criteria comparison.
Introducing a Conceptual Framework for Spatial Decision SIM
Authors: Toimah Ahmad M. A. , Afifi Samy M. Z.
Published: June 2021

Planning is a time-sensitive process with spatial characteristics as its core. It is effective to formulate spatially-related decisions on an informative background to maximize benefits and minimize risks. Not only decision makers who affect the space, but also users and owners interact with it, affect the related decisions. Thus, it is healthful to widen participation. This chapter introduces a conceptual framework for the Spatial Decision Simulator “SD-SIM.” This work aims to reach a platform that supports spatial decisions made by various stakeholders to provide a capability for integrated modeling of socio-economic, man-made, and natural environmental impacts. It contains four components as a logical target for expressing the evolution of spatial issues and reflecting them into a simulator. These four components are Districts Sub-System, Property Price and Living Cost Simulator, Interventions Sub-System, and Development Scenarios Sub-System. The SD-SIM depends on free-access data sources. Through its sub-systems, the platform integrates different analytical methods and tools.
An Event-Based Data Warehouse to Support Decisions in Multi-Channel, Multi-Service Contact Centers
Authors: Brunello Andrea , Gallo Paolo , Marzano Enrico , Montanari Angelo , Vitacolonna Nicola
Published: June 2021

Multi-channel contact centers are an increasingly important component of today's business world. They serve as a primary customer-facing channel for firms in many different industries, and employ millions of operators across the globe. During their operation, they generate vast amounts of data, ranging from automatically registered logs to handwritten notes and voice recordings. Unfortunately, in most firms, data of interest is unstructured, and stored in several databases, making their exploitation very hard. This article presents a decision support system for a multi-channel, multi-service contact center for front office business process outsourcing, along with its prospective extension to a decision management system. Its core is an enterprise-wide data warehouse, based on the general concept of an event. The proposed system supports a broad new set of advanced analysis tasks, ranging from operator performance assessment to call-flow simulation and data mining, providing operational and management staff the basis for taking effective operative and strategic decisions.
Facilitating Enhanced Decision Support Using a Social Norms Approach
Authors: Keller Thomas , Savarimuthu Bastin Tony Roy
Published: June 2021

Social norms constrain behavior of individuals either through obligating or prohibiting certain types of behavior. Norm-based mechanisms have only recently found applications in enhancing decisions of knowledge workers in an automated business process management context. The norms inferred in the context of business process executions are then recommended to users so as to enable them to make informed decisions. The previous work on prohibition norm inference focused on identifying failure cases, which is now complemented by first inferring norms from the successful process execution cases and then inferring prohibition norms. This approach based on considering social feedback (i.e. inferring what is obliged and prohibited from history logs of process execution) shows encouraging results under uncertain business environments. Using simulation results the paper demonstrates that using the norm based mechanism results in reduced failure rates in the decision making of a knowledge worker while still providing maximum flexibility for the user to choose from a range of actions to execute.
Applications of Decision Support Systems in Aviation
Authors: Shmelova Tetiana , Sikirda Yuliya
Published: June 2021

In this chapter, the authors have made an analysis of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. The conceptual models of decision support systems (DSS) for human-operator (H-O) of air navigation system (ANS) have been presented, such as air traffic control (ATC) operators, flight dispatcher, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) operator. The chapter presents some cases of DSSs that have been developed by the authors and students at National Aviation University, Ukraine. These researches are designed for operators such as pilots of manned and unmanned aircraft, flight dispatchers, ATC operators, aviation managers, as well for scientists, engineers, air crash investigators, teachers, academicians, researchers, and students seeking current research on the application of DSS in the field of aviation.
Decision Support Systems in Aeronautics and Aerospace Industries
Authors: Kashyap Ramgopal
Published: June 2021

The aim of this chapter is to utilize the upkeep hypothesis of on-condition, condition checking. It proposes support ideas: for example, advanced upkeep, proactive upkeep which is bolstered by solid checking and finding strategies to enhance the effectiveness of upkeep extraordinarily; so there must be decision support system framework to develop a present-day flying upkeep framework. Maintenance DSS can give powerful choice help to aeronautics support. It additionally makes strides in upkeep effectiveness and controls support costs. The flying MDSS still needs further research on the accompanying subjects. Since current airplanes have numerous frameworks and complex structures, numerous flight parameters need to be screened. Step-by-step instructions to assemble an effective database and research criteria for judging the adequacy of ongoing information should direct further research. Since continuous flight status information has cost issues, how to set up the data download criteria should direct further research.
Implementation of an Intelligent Model for Decision Making Based on CBR for Supply Chain Solution in Retail for a Cluster of Supermarkets
Authors: Loera-Castro Adrian F. , Sanchez Jaime , Restrepo Jorge , Morales Angel Fabián Campoya , Aguilar-Duque Julian I.
Published: June 2021

The latter includes customizing the user interface, as well as the way the system retrieves and processes cases afterward. The resulting cases may be shown to the user in different ways, and/or the retrieved cases may be adapted. This chapter is about an intelligent model for decision making based on case-based reasoning to solve the existing problem in the planning of distribution in the supply chain between a distribution center and a chain of supermarkets. First, the authors mentioned the need for intelligent systems in the decision-making processes, where they are necessary due to the limitations associated with conventional human decision-making processes. Among them, human experience is very scarce, and humans get tired of the burden of physical or mental work. In addition, human beings forget the crucial details of a problem, and many of the times are inconsistent in their daily decisions.
Human Computer Interaction During Clinical Decision Support With Electronic Health Records Improvement
Authors: Bolgova Katerina V. , Kovalchuk Sergey V. , Balakhontceva Marina A. , Zvartau Nadezhda E. , Metsker Oleg G.
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the most common challenges of human-computer interaction (HCI) while using electronic health records (EHR) based on the experience of a large Russian medical research center. The article presents the results of testing DSS implemented in the mode of an additional interface with the EHR. The percentage of erroneous data for two groups of users (with and without notifications) is presented for the entire period of the experiment and the weekly dynamics of changes. The implementation of CDSS in the supplemented interface mode of the main medical information system (MIS) has had a positive effect in reducing user errors in the data. The results of users' survey are presented, showing a satisfactory evaluation of the implemented system. This study is part of a larger project to develop complex CDSS on cardiovascular disorders for medical research centers.