bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mountaineering and Wilderness Rhetorics of Washington Woman Suffragists
Authors: Lewis Tiffany
Published: July 2018

In 1909, a group of mountaineers climbed Mount Rainier during the Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition and placed a “Votes for Women” pennant at the mountain summit. I argue that their ascent of Mount Rainier exploited meanings of mountaineering and the wilderness for woman suffrage: mountaineering as a symbol of imperial power, the mountain wilderness as the new mythic frontier, and walking in the western wilderness as an enactment of freedom. The imperialist meaning of mountaineering constituted woman suffragists as powerful, victorious, and capable of winning their upcoming suffrage campaign. Climbing the new frontier demonstrated that the women were physically strong enough to participate in turn-of-the-century politics and invoked the meritocratic logic of the frontier myth that suggested these women had earned their right to vote through their labor on the mountain. Walking in the western wilderness performed the climbers’ freedom to walk, think, and vote for themselves and to resist society’s gendered restrictions. Their climb invoked the ideologies of imperialism, the frontier myth, and freedom to appeal to the citizens of the Pacific Northwest for voting rights and to gain more publicity for their cause, yet it simultaneously had a rhetorical impact on the climbers themselves. By appropriating the rhetorics of mountaineering and the wilderness, they motivated and increased the morale of suffragists in the midst of a struggling movement and positioned their male companions as suffrage advocates.
La educación básica en México: Análisis comparativos de los modelos educativos 2011 y 2016
Authors: Cantú Leal Cristina Araceli , Arévalo Salinas Alex Iván , Vázquez Gutierréz Reyna Lizeth
Published: July 2018

El presente documento realiza un análisis comparativo de dos reformas educativas en México, la Reforma Integral de Educación Básica (RIEB) de 2011 y el modelo educativo 2016, que entrará en vigor en 2018. El objetivo es analizar las similitudes y las diferencias de estos marcos normativos, tanto a nivel de estructura como también en relación con sus principales características. Para ello, se definirán 25 criterios y parámetros de análisis, a partir de un procedimiento de estudio de carácter secuencial. Esta investigación cualitativa se complementa con un estado de la cuestión de fuentes bibliográficas sobre la calidad educativa en México, en el marco del proceso de reforma que experimenta el sector desde principios de la década del 90. Los resultados nos reflejan que, de 25 criterios elaborados para esta investigación, estas normativas se diferencian en 6.
Macroprolactinoma causing VI, X, XII cranial nerve palsies nearly 30 years after initial treatment
Authors: de Bray Anne , Hassan-Smith Zaki K , Dirie Jamal , Littleton Edward , Chavda Swarupsinh , Ayuk John , Sanghera Paul , Karavitaki Niki
Published: July 2018

A 48-year-old man was diagnosed with a large macroprolactinoma in 1982 treated with surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy and bromocriptine. Normal prolactin was achieved in 2005 but in 2009 it started rising. Pituitary MRIs in 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2015 were reported as showing empty pituitary fossa. Prolactin continued to increase (despite increasing bromocriptine dose). Trialling cabergoline had no effect (prolactin 191,380 mU/L). In January 2016, he presented with right facial weakness and CT head was reported as showing no acute intracranial abnormality. In late 2016, he was referred to ENT with hoarse voice; left hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsies were found. At this point, prolactin was 534,176 mU/L. Just before further endocrine review, he had a fall and CT head showed a basal skull mass invading the left petrous temporal bone. Pituitary MRI revealed a large enhancing mass within the sella infiltrating the clivus, extending into the left petrous apex and occipital condyle with involvement of the left Meckel’s cave, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal. At that time, left abducens nerve palsy was also present. CT thorax/abdomen/pelvis excluded malignancy. Review of previous images suggested that this lesion had started becoming evident below the fossa in pituitary MRI of 2015. Temozolomide was initiated. After eight cycles, there is significant tumour reduction with prolactin 1565 mU/L and cranial nerve deficits have remained stable. Prolactinomas can manifest aggressive behaviour even decades after initial treatment highlighting the unpredictable clinical course they can demonstrate and the need for careful imaging review.

Learning points:

Aggressive behaviour of prolactinomas can manifest even decades after first treatment highlighting the unpredictable clinical course these tumours can demonstrate.

Escape from control of hyperprolactinaemia in the absence of sellar adenomatous tissue requires careful and systematic search for the anatomical localisation of the lesion responsible for the prolactin excess.

Temozolomide is a valuable agent in the therapeutic armamentarium for aggressive/invasive prolactinomas, particularly if they are not amenable to other treatment modalities.
Desecuritización, un concepto en construcción. El regreso al tratamiento de la energía nuclear por los cauces políticos ordinarios en Japón a la luz de Fukushima
Authors: CASADO CLARO Maria Francisca
Published: July 2018

Pese a que la desecuritización se ha definido como un gemelo conceptual nacido al mismo tiempo que la securitización, no ha recibido un tratamiento equivalente en el debate académico. A diferencia de esta última, ha tenido poco desarrollo tanto teórico como empírico, pasando mayormente inadvertida a pesar de resultar esencial para comprender los mecanismos desecuritizadores que conducen a la politización de cuestiones que anteriormente habían sido tratadas en modo seguridad. Más si cabe si tenemos en cuenta que para la Escuela de Copenhague la securitización suponía en cierto modo un fracaso de la política ordinaria, que es donde deberían debatirse las cuestiones que afectan a los ciudadanos.
A fin de contribuir a su desarrollo, el artículo hace una revisión de la literatura explorando distintas formas de desecuritizar las cuestiones de seguridad (estrategias objetivista, constructivista y deconstructivista; y desecuritización por estabilización, por substitución, por rearticulación o por silenciación). A fin de hacer una aportación empírica a la aplicación y difusión del concepto, se analiza el caso del retorno a la política ordinaria del tratamiento de la energía nuclear en Japón a la luz del accidente de Fukushima y, asimismo, se presenta como aportación original al debate el concepto de “desecuritización negativa”.
Límites y desafíos de la Justicia Transicional en las nuevas transiciones: un análisis crítico a partir de los casos de Sierra Leona, Marruecos y Colombia
Authors: BENAVIDES Farid , MATEOS MARTIN Oscar , CAMPS FEBRER Blanca
Published: July 2018

La Justicia Transicional ha sido entendida como un campo de estudios que se encarga de analizar los mecanismos utilizados por las sociedades en transición para enfrentar el pasado. Los primeros análisis de Justicia Transicional abordaban la forma en la que las sociedades que transitaban de la dictadura a la democracia hacían frente a un pasado de violaciones de derechos humanos cometidas por agentes estatales. Dentro de esta visión de la Justicia Transicional, mecanismos de justicia penal, de verdad y de reparación constituían las bases de los estudios sobre las transiciones y los medios de hacer justicia. Sin embargo, este tipo de análisis fueron objeto de importantes críticas, tales como carecer de una visión distributiva, la poca atención que se ofrecía a problemas históricos y estructurales, el poco peso y protagonismo de los actores locales en el diseño e implementación de las diferentes medidas, el énfasis exagerado en la cuestión judicial y la poca atención a otros medios de hacer frente al pasado o bien la preeminencia de un enfoque liberal que daba por terminada la transición con superficiales cambios en el marco legal o institucional. El presente artículo analiza algunas de las críticas realizadas, así como las diferentes propuestas planteadas, tales como la necesidad de centrarse en el carácter transformador de la justicia o en el uso de la justicia para hacer frente a la fase postconflicto, o bien en la necesidad de impulsar iniciativas basadas en el principio de apropiación local. Si en la primera parte se esboza un somero estado de la cuestión, la segunda parte del artículo tratará de analizar las experiencias de Sierra Leona y de Marruecos con el objetivo de avanzar algunos de los límites a los que se puede enfrentar Colombia en la implementación del Acuerdo de Paz.
Single-Cell Transcriptomics of a Human Kidney Allograft Biopsy Specimen Defines a Diverse Inflammatory Response
Authors: Wu Haojia , Malone Andrew F. , Donnelly Erinn L. , Kirita Yuhei , Uchimura Kohei , Ramakrishnan Sai M. , Gaut Joseph P. , Humphreys Benjamin D.
Published: July 2018

Background Single-cell genomics techniques are revolutionizing our ability to characterize complex tissues. By contrast, the techniques used to analyze renal biopsy specimens have changed little over several decades. We tested the hypothesis that single-cell RNA-sequencing can comprehensively describe cell types and states in a human kidney biopsy specimen.

Methods We generated 8746 single-cell transcriptomes from a healthy adult kidney and a single kidney transplant biopsy core by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the biopsy specimen was performed to identify 16 distinct cell types, including all of the major immune cell types and most native kidney cell types, in this biopsy specimen, for which the histologic read was mixed rejection.

Results Monocytes formed two subclusters representing a nonclassical CD16+ group and a classic CD16− group expressing dendritic cell maturation markers. The presence of both monocyte cell subtypes was validated by staining of independent transplant biopsy specimens. Comparison of healthy kidney epithelial transcriptomes with biopsy specimen counterparts identified novel segment-specific proinflammatory responses in rejection. Endothelial cells formed three distinct subclusters: resting cells and two activated endothelial cell groups. One activated endothelial cell group expressed Fc receptor pathway activation and Ig internalization genes, consistent with the pathologic diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection. We mapped previously defined genes that associate with rejection outcomes to single cell types and generated a searchable online gene expression database.

Conclusions We present the first step toward incorporation of single-cell transcriptomics into kidney biopsy specimen interpretation, describe a heterogeneous immune response in mixed rejection, and provide a searchable resource for the scientific community.
“ÖMER MUHTAR”, “GANDİ” VE “LİNCOLN” FİLMLERİ ÖRNEĞİNDE BİYOGRAFİK FİLMLERE KONU OLMUŞ ŞAHSİYETLERİN ORTAK ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: UZDU Halil
Published: July 2018

Sinema, modern çağın önemli teknolojik
gelişmelerinden birisidir. Bir sanat ve eğlence aracı olarak geliştirdiği yeni
anlatı türleriyle de, seyircilerin beğenisine hitap etmektedir. “Biyografik
filmler”, sinemanın en çok tercih edilen türlerinden birisidir ve kabaca ünlü, tanınmış,
tarihe mal olmuş veya karizmatik kişilerin hayat hikâyelerini ya da hayatlarından
önemli kesitleri sinema perdesine yansıtan bir tür olarak ifade edilebilir. Bu makalede,
biyografik filmlerin önemli örneklerinden olan Ömer Muhtar, Gandi ve Lincoln filmlerinde
yer verilen şahsiyetlerin, ortak özellikleri tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Ayrıca
bu özellikler üzerine din sosyolojisi açısından da bir değerlendirme yapmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Makale, “düz izleme” yöntemi ile seçilecek verilerin değerlendirmesiyle sınırlı
olacaktır.
KANITA DAYALI BİLGİLER IŞIĞINDA POSTPARTUM EMOSYONEL SORUNLARA YÖNELİK YAKLAŞIMLAR
Authors: YILDIRIM Fatma , BÜYÜKKAYACI DUMAN Nuriye
Published: July 2018

Doğum
pozitif ve negatif psikolojik yanıtların her ikisiyle de ilişkili kompleks bir
yaşam olayıdır. Eğer doğum olayı travmatik bir deneyim olarak yaşanırsa doğum
sonrası annenin duygusal durumunu negatif yönde etkileyebilir. Doğum sonrası
bazı kadınlar emosyonel sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Bunlar genel olarak; postpartum
hüzün, postpartum depresyon ve postpartum psikozdur. Bu derlemede kanıta dayalı
bilgiler doğrultusunda postpartum emosyonel sorunlara yönelik destekleyici
emosyonel bakım, ev ziyaretleri, antidepresanların etkinliği, psikoterapi,
diyet takviyeleri gibi yöntemlerin etkinliğinin kanıta dayalı veriler ışığında
tartışılması planlanmaktadır.
TÜRKİYE BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE YOĞUNLAŞMA İLE FİNANSAL KIRILGANLIK İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: KUZU Serdar
Published: July 2018

Bankacılık
sektörünün faaliyet yürüttüğü alanlarda, olayların dinamikliği ve karmaşıklığı
belirsizliğin derecesini gün geçtikçe arttırmaya devam etmektedir. Dünyada küresel ticaretin giderek yaygınlaşması, döviz
kurlarındaki ani volatilite hareketleri, yaşanan krizler, değişen piyasa
koşulları, yeni yasal düzenlemelerle birlikte ve faiz oranlarındaki
dalgalanmalar bankaların sermaye yapılarını ve faaliyet nakit akışlarını
etkileyebildiği için bir çok banka finansal kırılganlığa daha çok maruz
kalabilmektedir. Bankacılık
sektöründe, banka performansının arttırılması, stratejik fırsatların
değerlendirilmesi ve bankacılık faaliyetlerinin rekabet ortamında doğru bir
şekilde tespit edilmesine engel teşkil edilecek durumların ortaya çıkarılması
ya da olası tehlikelerin gerçekleşmeden önce rekabet ve finansal kırılganlık
arasında ki ilişkinin ortaya konması önem taşımaktadır. Yaşanan bu gelişmeler
ışığında bankacılık sektöründe rekabet düzeyi ile finansal kırılganlıklar
arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konması ilgili çalışmaların önemini günden güne
arttırmaktadır.  

Bu çalışmada Türk
bankacılık sektöründe ve yoğunlaşmanın finansal kırılganlık üzerindeki etkisi
ve finansal kırılganlığa yol açabilecek etmenlerin ilişki derecesinin ortaya
konması amaçlanmaktadır. Literatür çalışmaların çoğunda bu ilişki
rekabet-istikrar ve kırılganlık ilişkisi çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Veri setinde bankacılık sektörüne ait 1996-2015
yıllarına ait Türk bankacılık sektöründe önemli paya sahip 12 bankaya ait
veriler kullanılmıştır. Bu açıdan Auqmented Dickey-Fuller Test denklemi,
Breusch- Godfrey Seri Korelasyon Lagrange çarpanı testi, Granger Nedensellik
analizinden ve En küçük kareler testi istatistiki yöntemlerden
faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda bankacılık sektörü yoğunlaşma ile finansal
kırılganlık arasında karşılıklı bir etkileşimin varlığı gözlemlenmiştir.
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE TURKEY’SECONOMY AFTER 2001 CRISIS: TESTING WITH 2008 ECONOMIC CRISIS AND EUROPEAN UNION RELATIONS
Authors: KARA Serkan
Published: July 2018

The existing debates on the Turkey-European Union relations contained that within the framework of mutual interest and economic based relations after the 2008 global economic crisis. This paper would aim to explain economic transformation of Turkey after the November 2000 and February 2001 crises, and the benefits for Turkey in the 2008 global crisis. This study carried out in Turkey's transformation in the economy since 2001, explaining in cooperation with the IMF and the World Bank, the relations between Turkey- European Union would describe via to existing data, and current research.
ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK DÖNEMİNDE FEN EĞİTİMİNE İLİŞKİN OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: BABAROĞLU Ayhan , OKUR METWALLEY Emel
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırma,
erken çocukluk döneminde fen eğitimine yönelik öğretmen görüşlerinin
incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Çorum
il merkezi ile ilçelerinde yer alan 189 okul öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada betimsel araştırma yöntemlerinden
tarama modeli kullanılmış ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla elde edilen
verilerin içerik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada, öğretmenlerin fen
eğitimine ilişkin yaklaşımlarını olumlu ve olumsuz etkileyen etmenler, fen
eğitimine ilişkin karşılaştıkları sorunlar ile bu sorunların fen eğitimine
yansımaları ve bu sorunların çözümüne dair öneriler ile karşılaştıkları sorunların öğretmenlerin yaklaşımlarına etkisi,
öğretmenlerin fen eğitimi alanında kendilerini yeterli bulma durumları,
kendilerini yetersiz olarak değerlendikleri alanlar ve eksikliklerini tamamlama
yöntemleri ile almak istedikleri hizmetiçi eğitim konularıyla birlikte;
sınıflarında fen merkezinin bulunma durumu, öğretmenlerin planlarını yaparken
dikkat ettikleri noktalar, ile kullandıkları kaynaklar ve bu kaynakları tercih
etme nedenleri araştırılmıştır.
YEŞİL OTELLERİN MALİYETLER AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: SÜKLÜM Nurcan
Published: July 2018

Dünyada
ve ülkemizde yaşanan ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel gelişmelerin fayda sağlaması
yanında bir taraftan da doğal çevrede bozulmalara yol açtığı bilinmektedir. Bu
bozulmanın en çok hissedildiği alanlardan birisinin de turizm sektörü olması
nedeniyle sürdürülebilir turizm konusu da oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu
nedenle çevrenin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için çeşitli çevre dostu uygulamalar
gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu uygulamalardan birisi de çevreye duyarlı konaklama
işletmelerinin uyguladıkları yeşil otelcilik uygulamalardır. Bu bağlamda
çalışmada, yeşil otelcilik uygulamaları maliyetler açısından değerlendirilmiş
ve işletmelere sağladıkları maliyet avantajı konusuna değinilmiştir. Çalışma,
kavramsal boyutta ele alınmış ve ikincil veri kaynaklarından yararlanılmıştır.
Konuyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalardan, işletmelere ve çevreye farklı açılardan
faydası bulunan yeşil otelcilik uygulamalarının işletmelere maliyetler açısından
da avantaj sağladığı tespit edilmiştir.
The Role of Vitrectomy in Threatment of Epimacular Fibrosis
Authors: Kochergin S. A. , Ilyukhin O. E. , Alipov D. G.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:а comparison of the results of epimacular fibrosis surgical treatment with vitrectomy and without it.

Patients and methods. Two groups of patients with epimacular  fibrosis have been compared. The first group — 20 patients (20  eyes), epiretinal membrane was removed without vitrectomy. The  second group (30 patients — 30 eyes), epiretinal membrane was  removed after subtotal vitrectomy. Control of visual acuity was  monitored, as well as intraocular pressure, the retinal thickness in  the Central zone, and the thickness of the nerve fiber layer of the  retina in different sectors. Sensitivity of the retina macular zone was  determined by using microperimetry Maia, and peripheral zones  were determined with the help of computer perimeter, Humpfrey.  The patients were examined before surgery and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after it.

Results. The average duration of surgery was 8 minutes in a group without vitrectomy and 32 minutes in a group of subtotal vitrectomy. 6 patients from 20 in the group of ERM removal without vitrectomy  had a relapse of fibrosis found in terms of 3 to 6 months. The groups showed a comparable improvement in visual acuity and  photosensitivity of the central retina, as well as a decrease of retina  thickness. There was a significant increase in IOP by 1.6 mmHg in  the group of subtotal vitrectomy. Statistically significant changes in  the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were recorded only in temporal sector, and they were significantly more pronounced in subtotal  vitrectomy group (–15.95 and –22.47 microns respectively). In  absolute terms, the decrease in the sensitivity of the peripheral zone of retina was more pronounced in the group of subtotal vitrectomy,  intergroup differences were reliable.

Conclusion.Direct comparison of the two methods demonstrated their comparable effectiveness in terms of influencing the visual  acuity and light sensitivity of the macula. Remove the ERM without  vitrectomy does not affect the peripheral visual field and intraocular  pressure, in contrast to the removal of the ERM after Subtotal  vitrectomy. ERM removal without vitrectomy entails a high risk of  recurrence, which indicates significant limitations of intervention and the impossibility of widespread use of this method.
Comparative Analysis of Refractive Result Predictability During Iridocapsular and Iridovitreal Fixation of Biplanar Intraocular Lens
Authors: Malyugin B. E. , Panteleev E. N. , Bessarabov A. N. , Pokrovskiy D. F. , Semakina A. S. , Abdullaeva S. A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose:to carry out a comparative analysis of refractive outcomes and features during preoperational calculation of the biplanar intraocular lens (IOL) with iridocapsular and iridovitreal fixation.

Patients and methods. Study included the analysis IOL model RSP-3 implantation after phacoemulsification cataract surgery with  subluxated lens grade 2. Analyzed 309 eyes of 304 patients with iridocapsular (n = 44) (ICF) and iridovitreal fixation (n = 265)  (IVF). In both groups IOL power was calculated with use of A- constant (118.2) recommended by manufacturer. Mean period of  examination was 6 months. To count optimized A-constant in both  groups we used next data: IOL power and axial length before  surgery, keratometry, spherical equivalent and IOL effective position  during 6 months after surgery.

Results. In group with ICF postoperative refraction was achieved ± 0,5 D in 10 cases (23%), in group IVF — in 29 cases (11%). Mean  value of optimized A-constant for IOL model RSP-3 in groups with  ICF and IVF were 117.2 ± 1.18 (114.0–120.8) and 116.9 ± 1,89  (109.6 до 123.6). There were no statistically significant difference  between compared groups (p = 0.46).

Conclusion. Use of A-constant recommended by manufacturer do  not allow achieving target refraction in most cases. Mean values of  biplanar IOL A-constant counted for ICF and IVF were 117,2 and  116,9 respectively, what should be taken into account during IOL  power count, according to its fixation method.
Cytotoxicity Evaluation Using in vitro System as a Criteria of Rational Choice of Tear Substitutes
Authors: Aleksandrova O. I. , Okolov I. N. , Khorolskaya Yu. I. , Panova I. E. , Blinova M. I.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of a wide range of lubricant eye drops on the epithelial cells of the cornea in vitro.

Materials and methods.The objects of the study were 11 moisture eye drops with various preservatives and 9 moisture eye drops without preservatives. As a test-system permanent transformed cell  lines of corneal epithelial (HCEC) were used. The cytotoxicity of the  “artificial tears” was assessed by the viability of the cells, cultured in substratum containing the solutions of the evaluated eye drops.

Results. The most toxic for corneal epithelial cells among the  moisture eye drops with preservatives were Lacrisifi, Slezin,  Hypromelose-P and Ophtolique®. Close to them in toxicity were  Cationorm®, Artelac® Balance and Optiv®. Eye drops Styllavit,  Systane® Ultra and Blink® contacts showed moderate toxicity.  Vismed® Light from the group of eye lubricants with preservatives  did not exert a cytotoxic effect on the cells in vitro, as well as the  non-preserved eye lubricants Hyabak®, Thealoz®, Thealoz Duo®  and EvoTears™. Cytotoxic effect on corneal epithelial cells was  detected for Hylozar Comod® and Hylo® Fresh eye drops, despite  the absence of preservatives in them.

Conclusion.The study showed a principal possibility of using in vitro systems for comparative evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of various medicines with a purpose of a rational choice of moisture eye drop.
Experimental Study of Diamond Burr Polishing Methods of Bowman’s Membrane
Authors: Trufanov S. V. , Fedorov A. A. , Mamikonyan V. R. , Tekeeva L. Yu. , Malozhen S. A. , Karamyan A. A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to develop the optimal (safe and effective) method of diamond burr polishing of Bowman’s membrane (DBPBM) for the possible use it in the treatment of the recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES) in the experiment.

Material and methods. DBPBM in different modifications of the  method and the mechanical deepithelization were performed in  experiment on 19 human cadaver eyes. We use system Ophtho-Burr  for DBPBM that includes a tip and ophthalmic burrs with diameter  1mm, 2.5 mm, 5 mm, varying the speed of rotation of burr. For 3  eyes — polishing with the application of burr with a diameter of 5  mm, the rotation frequency of 4000 rpm using 2 passes over the  surface of the cornea. For 3 eyes — burr with a diameter of 2.5 mm,  rotation frequency of 4000 rpm in 2 perpendicular passes. For 3 eyes — diameter burr 1 mm at speed of 8000 rpm in 2 perpendicular  passes. For 3 eyes — diameter burr 1 mm at speed 4000 rpm with 4  passes along the surface of the cornea. For 4 eyes — diameter was 1 mm at speed of 4000 rpm in 2 perpendicular passes. For 3 the eyes  was conducted mechanical deepithelization. Subsequent histopathological investigation of the cornea was  performed by method of semi-thin section, with polychrome staining.

Results. The obtained results of histological studies of DBPBM in  different versions on cadaver cornea is allowed to choose the optimal variant of surgical intervention for use in clinical conditions. It  consisted in a selection of burr with a diameter of 1 mm, the rotation frequency of the 4000 rpm and 2 perpendicular passes with a  moderate compression of the cornea. The abovementioned technique of intervention allows removing completely the corneal epithelium  with a basal membrane and save uniform in thickness, fully  deepitelizationed Bowman’s membrane.

Conclusion.Careful and accurate removal of dysplastic corneal epithelium in cases of the recurrent corneal erosion syndrome using  proposed method in clinical conditions should contribute to the  creation optimal environments for adequate reepithelization with  steady epithelial-stromal adhesion. The remaining nearly intact  Bowman’s membrane after procedure can prevent some postoperative complications such as haze and induced refractive disorders.
¿Tercera instancia en Colombia?: la impugnación contra sentencias condenatorias. Entre su validez y eficacia
Authors: Torrado Verjel Yefri Yoel
Published: July 2018

This research revolves around the fundamental right contesting against judgment of conviction. It is part of the analysis by the Constitutional Court in Case C-792 of 2014 and its call to ensure that right as part of a due constitutional process. However, although there is a bill, which regulates the right to challenge all judgment convictions, it must be examined from a filter of legal effectiveness in order to realize this right and prevent not an illusion, so which, a proposal from the criticism will be discussed.
Interpretación de la víctima policial: hacia el camino de la caracterización
Authors: Suárez Mendoza Angélica del Pilar
Published: July 2018

Colombia has gone through a long armed conflict, comparable with confrontations like Kashmir, dating from the separation of India and Pakistan in 1947, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which extends from 1948, the year of Israel foundation. Although politicians and academics have agreed that the Colombian conflict began in 1964, when the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) was formed, its origins can be traced to peasant struggles in the early twentieth century, and at that time of “The violence,” a partisan war between liberals and conservatives in the 1950s. During these years civilian security corps called police have been created though its transformation as an institution to defend the people, they have been object of victimizing acts before and during the internal armed conflict.
Conceptos fundamentales en la relación entre el poder simbólico y la violencia en Colombia
Authors: Avendaño Castro William Rodrigo , Alfonso Óscar Enrique
Published: July 2018

This papers seeks to specify the necessary concepts to develop the following hypothesis: In Colombia, the elites of symbolic power manage the media by complying with a particular way of conceiving of Modernity: unfortunately, such conceptual subordination tends to perpetuate violence in this country, instead of allowing for its understanding. Along the introduction, the hypothesis is analyzed and establishes the place of this article within the research project it generates. The whole article is composed of two parts. The first one stipulates the concept of “Violence” referred to in the hypothesis; the second one carries out a critical study of the concepts “symbolic power” and “public property”, which are key definitions for the interpretation that Sociology of Communications has developed from Modernity since the end of 20th century, just before the private television channels were consolidated in Colombia. The article concentrates in identifying the methodological problems that come up when forming this hypothesis with a trans-disciplinary order in the field of peace and conflict studies.
La naturaleza del impuesto de avisos y tableros como impuesto que grava otro impuesto
Authors: Martínez Rojas John Marlon , Díaz Sierra Jovanis , Villasmil Molero Milagros
Published: July 2018

This research tries to analyze the nature of the tax for advertisement notices and boards as a tax that taxes the industry and commerce (ICA) tax. Although this tax is complementary of the one of industry and commerce, this circumstance does not mean that when the tax on industry and commerce is generated, it also generates the notices and boards one, as, as the Constitutional Court of Justice has specified in Law 14 of 1983, which regulates the tax on notices and boards, and the industry and commerce one. For the purposes of its liquidation and collection, maintaining its autonomous tax status and differentiated from it, taking into account that generator fact is the placement of billboards, signs, boards and emblems on public roads, public or private places that are visible from the Public space, as well as the placement of notices in any kind of vehicles. The main finding is that the causation of the generating fact, the municipal administration that is the active subject of this tax sometimes imposes this tax to the taxpayers, these are sanctioned for declaring industry and commerce (Ica) tax and not to liquidate the tax for advertisement notices and boards. It is concluded that when determining the tax for advertisement notices and boards. It is evidenced that it is a tax that taxes another tax, that is to say the one of Industry and commerce;Where the municipal administration shows little clarity in the determination of it. The article urges further research on the subject.
Reconstructie van het ontstaan van de verzameling hoogleraarsportretten van de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Authors: Harinck George
Published: July 2018

this article offers a reconstruction of the beginning of the professor’s portraits gallery of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, founded in 1880. With this collection, the university joined a long academic tradition. the beginning of the collection was the gift of the family of the main founder of the university, Abraham kuyper. After he died in 1920, his heirs donated two painted portraits from his legacy to the Vrije Universiteit, one of their father, and the other of his collega proximus F.L. rutgers. the latter was not painted by Jozef Israëls, as has been suggested sometimes, but was a copy of the reputed original by another painter. After this gift, the university decided that portraits of the other profes- sors of the first generation should also be collected. In the 1930s, the university had obtained six portraits, all of them offered to them by pupils of one of the first professors or by their sympathizers.
HBS: van modern instituut tot fossiel in 100 jaar
Authors: Beckers Danny
Published: July 2018

In the history of Dutch education, 1968 is a landmark for several reasons. The introduction of a democratic, or, as some prefer, meritocratic school system, no longer upholding the social classes, and the disappearance of the HBS are among them. This history has been described from a political, socio-economical and from a pedagogical point of view. This paper discusses the same shift as a cultural history. Changing perspectives in the role of the HBS in the Netherlands, 1900-1968 are discussed from two points of view. The first point of view is that of pupils and their parents; the second point of view is that of the teachers. It is shown that according to these two groups, the HBS, certainly in its original form and intention, was decaying during the interwar years, and had already disappeared in the 1950s. For most of them the reforms in 1968 "only" casted into law what had already grown to be classroom practice - for some the new law didn't even achieve that.
Aplicando rede de IPCs para identificar a fronteira tecnológica da bioenergia
Authors: Bueno Carolina da Silveira , Silveira José Maria Ferreira Jardim da , Buainain Antonio Marcio , Dal Poz Maria Ester Soares
Published: July 2018

Este artigo propõe um método para identificar clusters de fronteira tecnológica. No presente estudo, aplicamos o método para tecnologias da bioenergia. A primeira etapa metodológica utiliza patentes extraídas da Derwent Innovation Index, em que é feito um tratamento de data mining. A segunda etapa é a construção da rede de International Patents Classifications (IPCs) a partir de uma matriz de co-ocorrência. Foram identificados três clusters de conhecimento tecnológico. O primeiro é o de tecnologias de etanol e os outros dois em etapa de formação, sendo um de tecnologias que utilizam subprodutos e outro de tecnologias a partir de material celulósico. O trabalho mostra como uma base de conhecimentos gerais vai sendo apropriada e favorece a configuração de novas frentes tecnológicas que amplificam a base de conhecimento representada pelo paradigma da bioenergia.
Privação de escolaridade: a situação do jovem em conflito com a lei
Authors: Freitas Riane Conceição Ferreira , Silva Gilmar Pereira da , Araujo Ronaldo Marcos de Lima , Costa Crisolita Gonçalves dos Santos , Costa Ana Maria Raiol da
Published: July 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como se dá o processo de escolarização na socioeducação, ou seja, como o direito à educação formal escolar é previsto nas legislações e como ela vem se concretizando no período em que o adolescente ou o jovem que cometeu ato infracional está sob a tutela do Estado. Por meio de pesquisa documental, analisamos os relatórios oficiais que revelam a escolarização ou não desses jovens no período de cumprimento da medida. Temos como referência teórico-metodológica o materialismo histórico-dialético. Nossos apontamentos conclusivos indicam que muito embora o Brasil possua um conjunto de normas e legislações para o atendimento do jovem cumpridor de medidas socioeducativas, esse modelo atual de ressocialização tem pouca efetividade para a reinserção do jovem após o período de internação do cumprimento de medida socioeducativa.
O arquivo pessoal da professora Pórcia Guimarães Alves (1917-2005): um suporte para a escrita de si
Authors: Vieira Alboni Marisa Dudeque Pianovski , Ribeiro Alexandra Ferreira Martins
Published: July 2018

A prática cultural de compor um arquivo pessoal pode ser demarcada a partir do século XVIII, oriunda da relação que o indivíduo moderno estabeleceu com seus documentos e a produção de uma memória de si. Essas ações estenderam-se durante o século XIX e século XX, porém foram impactadas pelas mudanças ocorridas na produção de suportes para tal atividade, nas modificações no setor da comunicação e na expansão da prática da leitura e da escrita. Nascida no início do século XX, a professora Pórcia Guimarães Alves constituiu um vasto arquivo – o qual contém documentos forjados nos espaços públicos em que frequentou e outros produzidos em seu ambiente privado – cuja composição serviu de suporte material para uma escrita de si da docente. Dessa forma, o artigo procurou responder: Qual a escrita de si, dada a ler, que o ordenamento e o conteúdo do arquivo pessoal da professora Pórcia Guimarães Alves (1917-2005) proporcionam? O artigo objetivou analisar a escrita de si expressa no arquivo pessoal de Pórcia Guimarães Alves (1917-2005) e delimitou os objetivos específicos em: descrever alguns aspectos e conteúdo do arquivo da professora; procurar possíveis lógicas oriundas da docente para o ordenamento do material guardado em seu arquivo; e sistematizar seu arquivo pessoal, a fim de buscar a escrita de si nele contido. A pesquisa documental contou com o arcabouço teórico-metodológico de Gomes (2004); e Artières (1998). Os resultados levam a crer que no processo de constituição do arquivo pessoal, a professora elaborava uma representação de si ao mesmo tempo em que constituía sua identidade.
Editorial
Authors: Silva Régis Henrique dos Reis , Coutinho Luciana Cristina Salvatti , Rodrigues Fabiana de Cássia , Jacomeli Mara Regina Martins
Published: July 2018

Com satisfação anunciamos a edição de número 76, da Revista Histedbr on-line, na qual inauguramos a seção debates com um artigo do professor Dermeval Saviani, bem como  damos sequência ao nosso compromisso de socialização do conhecimento e do pensamento crítico publicando 14 (quatorze) artigos e 1 (uma) resenha a respeito de uma variedade de temáticas, períodos históricos da educação brasileira e de autores(as) vinculados(as) às diversas instituições escolares de ensino básico, profissional e superior nacionais e internacionais, conforme a lista, a seguir:Universidade de Fribourg – Suíça, UNICAMP, UNIFAL, UEFS, UEM, UFT, UNESPAR, UENP, PUC/PR, IFPR, UEPG, UFBA, UnB, UFPA, UFRA, Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Pará, UNESP/Mar.
Peru: The External and Internal Adjustment Challenge
Authors: Pastor Gonzalo , Müller-Jiskra Alex
Published: July 2018

This paper sketches some of the main external and internal macroeconomic challenges confronting Peru over the nearand medium-term. It argues that Peru’s main macroeconomic challenges could be summarized in three main headings: First, the Peruvian economy is currently in a period of transition from the biggest resource boom since the mid- 1950s to a “new normal” characterized by weaker foreign demand, falling metal prices and expectations of rising interest rates at the international level. Transition to a “new normal” has its own challenges, which, in the case of a small open economy like Peru, are currently being heightened by the abovementioned global conditions. Second, transition to a new normal is happening under robust initial conditions, which could be summarized by the Peruvian economy’s sound macroeconomic fundamentals, and its underlying flexibility. Such flexibility helped the economy dealing with the upswing of the mining development boom and should help us in the downswing. Third, macroeconomic policy—particularly monetary and exchange rate policy—is helping in this adjustment, although a successful transition may need to be supported by a number of structural policies, that are noted in the paper.
THROMBOSIS OF LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE DURING THERAPY WITH DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANT. CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Daaboul I. S. , Koroleva S. Yu. , Kudrjavtseva A. A. , Sokolova A. A. , Napalkov D. A. , Fomin V. V.
Published: July 2018

The article presents a clinical observation of the left atrial appendage thrombosis in a 51-year-old female patient with a paroxysmal form of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation which occurred despite long-term anticoagulant therapy with apixaban in a full dose (5 mg b.i.d.), and the patient’s management. The patient was admitted with recurrent symptomatic paroxysm for more than 48 hours, because of which, in accordance with the recommendations, transesophageal echocardiography was performed before an emergency rhythm restoration. Thrombus in the left atrial appendage 0.5×1.03 cm in size was detected. It was decided to refrain from the immediate restoration of the rhythm due to the very high risk of thromboembolic complications. In connection with the categorical refusal of the patient from warfarin, it was decided to replace apixaban with another direct oral anticoagulant – dabigatran 150 mg bid for a period of 4 weeks followed by performing a control transesophageal echocardiographic study. As a result, no thrombus was found on control echocardiography. The particularity of this observation is concomitant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and diabetes mellitus type 1 in this patient.
ACUTE DECOMPENSATION OF HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE IN PATIENT WITH MALIGNANT URINARY BLADDER PARAGANGLIOMA: STAGES OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Blagova O. V. , Alijeva I. N. , Bezrukov E. A. , Ippolitov L. I. , Polunin G. V. , Kogan E. A. , Sedov V. V. , Mershina E. A. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Sarkisova N. D. , Nedostup A. V. , Fomin V. V.
Published: July 2018

Hypertensive heart disease with biventricular cardiac failure is not common in clinical practice. This diagnosis requires an extensive diagnostic search. We present the clinical case of the male patient of 38 aged. He was admitted to the clinic with heart failure 3-4 NYHA class. EchoCG revealed symmetric hypertrophy of the left ventricle up to 18 mm without its dilatation, a decrease in ejection fraction up to 42%, restrictive hemodynamics, overload of the right chambers, severe pulmonary hypertension (60 mm Hg). The clinical status included persistent arterial hypertension (180-220 and 120-150 mm Hg), effusion in both pleural cavities and pericardium, ascites, renal failure. During examination (multispiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy with 131I-MIBG), bladder paraganglioma was diagnosed (normatenafrin 1468 μg/day). The resection of the tumor was performed, according to immunohistochemical research – neuroendocrine carcinoma, G1. After 3 months a partial regression of hypertension and cardiac failure was observed with the preservation of a high level of creatinine. The criteria and differential diagnosis of the hypertensive heart disease and the syndrome of primary myocardial hypertrophy, diagnostics of the urinary bladder paraganglioma, complex mechanisms of myocardial damage within the pheochromocytoma and its prognosis are discussed.
COMPARATIVE PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS PRESCRIPTION IN OUTPATIENT PRACTICE IN KURSK AND CHISINAU
Authors: Povetkin S. V. , Levashova O. V. , Ghicavii V. I. , Batchinschi N. G. , Pjdgurschi L. A. , Turca L. M.
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the structure of medical prescriptions of antihypertensive agents for patients with arterial hypertension (HT) in the outpatient practice of Kursk (Russia) and Chisinau (Republic of Moldova).

Material and methods. The questioning of doctors of medical organizations in Kursk and Chisinau was carried out as a one-stage descriptive study from October 2015 to February 2016. The questionnaires included questions on the pharmacoepidemiological aspects of prescribing antihypertensive drugs. Total number of respondents was 218, of them – 106 (26 cardiologists and 80 therapists) in Kursk and 112 (28 cardiologists and 84 therapists) in Chisinau.

Results. In the real practice for HT treatment doctors in Kursk used more often beta-adrenoblockers (BAB), somewhat less often – angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, then diuretics. The shares of calcium channels blockers (CCB) and angiotensin II receptors blockers (ARB) were small – 8.8 and 5.2%, respectively. In Chisinau doctors gave preference to ACE inhibitors, then diuretics and BAB. Frequency of CCB prescriptions was almost identical to that of ARA – 13.7 and 13.6%, respectively. The additional antihypertensives, including central action drugs and alpha-adrenoblockers, were used rarely in both Chisinau and Kursk (1.3 and 1.6%, respectively). Doctors of Chisinau, when carrying out combined pharmacotherapy, gave priority to free combinations of antihypertensive drugs (64.4%), fixed combinations were used in 26.7% of cases. In Kursk, the ratio of these specified tactics of combined therapy was 53.5 and 34.1%, respectively. Among the pharmaceutical companies whose medicines were preferred by doctors in Kursk and in Chisinau, the leading positions were taken by KRKA (38.0 and 25.4%, respectively), Gideon Richter (13.5 and 28.7%, respectively) and Berlin-Chemie (26.7 and 15.6%, respectively).

Conclusion. ACE inhibitors, diuretics, BAB were priority classes in the prescribing antihypertensive drugs according to survey of doctors in Kursk and Chisinau. In the conditions of the existing pharmaceutical market of Chisinau doctors used ARB and CCB more often than doctors from Kursk. The main share of doctor’s prescriptions in Kursk and Chisinau, considered both for group of antihypertensive drugs, and for certain representatives of each group of drugs, corresponds to the current recommendations on the pharmacotherapy of patients with HT.
HYPOLIPIDEMIC THERAPY IN STROKE PREVENTION: EXISTING STANDARDS, EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE DATA AND REAL PRACTICE
Authors: Gaisenok O. V. , Rozhkov A. N. , Lishuta A. S.
Published: July 2018

Cardiovascular diseases occupy a leading position in morbidity, mortality and disability in most countries. Ischemic heart disease and stroke lead in the structure of mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The issues of lipid-lowering therapy with statins in the aspect of stroke prevention are discussed in the article. The main risk factors of atherosclerosis and their prevalence are presented. Topical standards for statin use, evidence-based medicine data obtained in randomized clinical trials, and evidence from actual clinical practice are covered. Possible promising areas of statin use for the prevention of acute cerebrovascular accident are also considered. Combination therapy together with other lipid-lowering drugs, as well as drugs of other pharmacological groups, the use of statins from earlier ages, the practical implementation of pleiotropic effects of statins can be attributed to the latter. The authors clearly demonstrate that the actual practice of using statins lags significantly behind the ideal, reflected in the recommendations and randomized clinical trials. Adherence to medical recommendations is one of the key factors in this. The main factors that can influence the increase of adherence of patients to taking statins and increase the effectiveness of their application in real clinical practice are presented.
Antecedents of Children of Alcohol Abused Parents: Grounded Theory Analysis
Authors: Serah Abijo Temitayo , Hussein Huzili , Suhairi Hanif
Published: July 2018

This research endeavored to fill the knowledge gap in children of alcohol abuse parents by uncovering one of the five fundamental themes of children of alcohol abuse parent, that is, the antecedents that add to the working hypothesis or paradigm model of the phenomenon. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 children and seven parents who were recruited through Alcohol Abuse and Family Support Agency. A Grounded Theory approach was adopted to analyze the transcribed interview data. Nvivo 10 software was used in analyzing the data by methodologically coding and categorizing the data in open, axial and selective coding. Five major themes emerged from the analysis, which is referred to as antecedents of parents’ alcohol abuse phenomenon, Description of alcohol abuse phenomenon, Contexts and prevailing conditions affecting alcohol abuse, coping strategies and consequences of alcohol abuse on children. Based on this, the study was set out to construct a grounded theory of the phenomena of children in the alcohol abused families in Nigeria rooted in the description of their own comprehensive experience. This study is planned to benefit all parties: parents, teachers, counselors and other stakeholders to minimize the effect of parent alcohol abuse on children.