bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing leisure‐item engagement in individuals with autism
Authors: Roscoe Eileen M. , Hall Valerie A. , McVarish Abigail E. , Cornaglia R. Benjamin
Published: October 2023

The goal of the current study was to increase functional engagement with multiple leisure items for five individuals with ASD, who had limited leisure item engagement (i.e., they engaged with only one leisure item, and after that item was restricted, they exhibited no functional engagement with alternative activities). Response restriction (RR) preference assessments were conducted to assess pre‐ and post‐training performance to determine if training was necessary and if performance maintained following training. A component analysis that involved progressively adding intervention components (prompting alone; prompting plus differential reinforcement of alternative behavior), and targeting simple engagement prior to functional engagement, was conducted. For all participants, the progressive treatment approach was effective in increasing functional engagement to criterion levels for all trained items. However, the effective training component(s) varied across participants and items. During the final post‐training RR assessment, functional engagement maintained with all trained items for all participants.
How market competition influences organizational performance: Mediation in the interplay of management accounting system, enterprise risk management, and organizational innovation performance
Authors: Nu Minh Quyen Le , Khuong Nguyen Vinh
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between organizational performance (OP) in Vietnam and market competition (MC), enterprise risk management (ERM), management accounting system (MAS), and organizational innovation performance (OIP). We surveyed 397 individuals working in the company to elucidate the link between these variables. Data from the multiple factor survey were analyzed using PLS‐SEM software to illustrate the link between MC, MAS, ERM, OIP, and OP. The findings demonstrate a favorable association between direct and intermediary variables to OP, as predicted. Additionally, the intermediary factors have beneficial effects that help businesses in developing effective strategies in a competitive market, generating revenues, and achieving their objectives. The research results of the study show that, in a highly competitive market, organizational innovation efficiency is the top priority of organizations. To achieve this, companies must continuously adapt to the demands of the market.
Pain experience of lung cancer patients during home recovery after surgery: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Lei Cheng , Gong Ruoyan , Zhang Jiayuan , Sunzi Kejimu , Xu Na , Shi Qiuling
Published: October 2023

Background

Patients with lung cancer surgery often suffer pain after discharge. However, there is limited evidence to describe the pain experience from the qualitative investigation. This study was designed to describe the pain experience of lung cancer patients during home recovery after surgery and to provide evidence for developing pain management strategies.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study recruited 35 patients who had received lung resection and were discharged by purposive sampling from May to July 2022. Mobile phone interviews were conducted to collect views on patients' pain experience after discharge. The interviews were audio‐recorded and converted verbatim into standard text, and the data were iteratively thematic analyzed.

Results

A thematic framework was identified for three themes: perception and impact of pain, coping styles for pain, and unmet needs for pain. Whether short or long‐term after discharge, patients complain that they suffer from different degrees and types of pain, causing them a “double burden” physically and mentally. The lack of knowledge about pain may lead them to adopt very different coping styles and desire professional continuous pain management.

Conclusions

This study may help clarify the status of pain problems that patients face after lung cancer surgery and provides multiple dimensions of pain assessment and management objectives for quantitative research. We call on medical staff to pay attention to patients' perspectives and related needs after discharge and formulate targeted management strategies to reduce pain and improve their quality of life.
Mindfulness meditation and countertransference in the therapeutic relationship: A small‐scale exploration of therapists' experiences using grounded theory methods
Authors: Millon Guy , Halewood Andrea
Published: October 2023

Background

Difficulties with containing or processing emotions brought up in the countertransference response have long been understood as having the potential to cause a rupture in the therapeutic relationship, often with damaging results for the client. As increasing numbers of psychotherapists are becoming interested in mindfulness meditation, and as evidence is building to suggest that mindfulness meditation is an effective way of relating to one's thoughts and emotions in a non‐judgemental and non‐reactive fashion, the effect this may be having on the processing of countertransference material seems a worthy area of investigation.

Method

This study explores the countertransference experiences of five psychotherapists who practised mindfulness meditation, using semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using a grounded theory methodology.

Results

A tentative conceptual understanding of the data was developed, indicating that therapists who practised mindfulness meditation were relating to countertransferential responses with an observing stance, a compassionately curious attitude and a holding of emotion, which brings them into the present moment, resulting in the experience of a deeper therapeutic relationship.

Discussion

The implications for training and practice are discussed, through the potential of practising mindfulness to cultivate a therapeutic attitude towards countertransference responses.
Midterm follow‐up after computed tomography angiography planned left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Rana Mohammad Atif , Yoon Sunghan , Dallan Luis Augusto Palma , Tashtish Nour , Attizzani Guilherme F. , Rashid Imran , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Arruda Mauricio , Filby Steven J.
Published: October 2023

Background

While studies have shown the advantages of computed tomography angiography (CTA) over transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) preprocedural planning for WATCHMAN™ legacy and FLX devices, there has been no reported long‐term data for this approach.

Objectives

We sought to evaluate long‐term outcomes using CTA‐based preprocedural planning for LAAC using the WATCHMAN™ device.

Methods

A prospective analysis of 231 consecutive patients who underwent LAAC in a single, large academic hospital in the United States was conducted over a 5‐year period. CTA‐guided preprocedural planning was performed in all. Procedural success, adverse events, length of procedure, number of devices used, and length of stay were evaluated. Rates of death, cerebral embolism, systemic embolism, and major and minor bleeding were recorded. Adjusted predicted stroke and major bleeding rates were derived from CHA2DS2‐Vasc and HAS‐BLED scores, respectively.

Results

From January 26, 2017, to November 23, 2021, 231 patients underwent LAAC with CTA preprocedural planning by two operating physicians. The mean age of patients was 76.5 ± 8.4. 59.7% of patients were male. Mean CHA2DS2VASc and HAS‐BLED scores were 4.5 ± 1.4 and 3.9 ± 0.9, respectively. All procedures were performed with intracardiac echo (100%). The procedural success rate was 99.1%. The CTA sizing strategy accurately predicted the implant size in 93.5% of patients. Mean number of devices used was 1.10 ± 0.3. Peri‐procedural complication rate was 2.2%. 6 patients were lost to follow‐up. Mean follow‐up was 608.94 days with a total of 377.04 patient years. Median follow‐up period of 368 days (interquartile range: 209–1067 days). There were 51 deaths from all causes (13.52 per 100 patient‐years), 10 cases of cerebral embolism (2.65 per 100 patient‐years), 2 cases of systemic embolism (0.53 per 100 patient‐years), 17 cases of major bleeding (4.50 per 100 patient‐years), and 31 cases of minor bleeding (8.2 per 100 patient‐years). All‐cause mortality at 1, 2, and 3 years was 12.7%, 20.9%, and 29.2%, respectively. CV event rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 2.1%, 6.6%, and 10.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

CTA‐based preprocedural planning is accurate in predicting device size for LAAC and associated with excellent clinical outcomes at 5 years.
Novel repair of acute Stanford type B aortic dissection using combined endovascular graft and transfemoral replacement of vascular plug
Authors: Raiszadeh Mohammad , Khosronejad Azime , Dianaty Soroush , Yekta Batool Ghorbani
Published: October 2023

We present successful treatment of dissected thoracoabdominal aorta using combined thoracic endovascular aortic repair and transfemoral replacement of Amplatzer™ vascular plug in a 38‐year‐old patient. Computed tomography angiography revealed a false lumen from the left subclavian artery to the left common iliac trunk, with re‐entries connecting it to the true lumen of the aorta. We replaced the prosthetic endovascular graft just below the left subclavian artery to the top of the superior mesenteric artery. Amplatzer™ vascular plug was replaced below the diaphragm in a closed transfemoral procedure to prevent re‐entry. The patient was discharged in good condition and 2 years postoperation imaging showed complete pseudoaneurysm closure.
Reductive Coupling of a Diazoalkane Derivative Promoted by a Potassium Aluminyl and Elimination of Dinitrogen to Generate a Reactive Aluminium Ketimide
Authors: Evans Matthew J. , Anker Mathew D. , McMullin Claire L. , Coles Martyn P.
Published: October 2023

The reaction of 9‐diazo‐9H‐fluorene (fluN2) with the potassium aluminyl K[Al(NON)] ([NON]2−=[O(SiMe2NDipp)2]2−, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) affords K[Al(NON)(κN1,N3‐{(fluN2)2})] (1). Structural analysis shows a near planar 1,4‐di(9H‐fluoren‐9‐ylidene)tetraazadiide ligand that chelates to the aluminium. The thermally induced elimination of dinitrogen from 1 affords the neutral aluminium ketimide complex, Al(NON)(N=flu)(THF) (2) and the 1,2‐di(9H‐fluoren‐9‐yl)diazene dianion as the potassium salt, [K2(THF)3][fluN=Nflu] (3). The reaction of 2 with N,N’‐diisopropylcarbodiimide (iPrN=C=NiPr) affords the aluminium guanidinate complex, Al(NON){N(iPr)C(N=CMe2)N(CHflu)} (4), showing a rare example of reactivity at a metal ketimide ligand. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to examine the bonding in the newly formed [(fluN2)2]2− ligand in 1 and the ketimide bonding in 2. The mechanism leading to the formation of 4 has also been studied using this technique.
Pinacol Cross‐Coupling Promoted by an Aluminyl Anion
Authors: O'Reilly Andrea , Evans Matthew J. , McMullin Claire L. , Fulton J. Robin , Coles Martyn P.
Published: October 2023

A simple sequential addition protocol for the reductive coupling of ketones and aldehydes by a potassium aluminyl grants access to unsymmetrical pinacolate derivatives. Isolation of an aluminium ketyl complex presents evidence for the accessibility of radical species. Product release from the aluminium centre was achieved using an iodosilane, forming the disilylated 1,2‐diol and a neutral aluminium iodide, thereby demonstrating the steps required to generate a closed synthetic cycle for pinacol (cross) coupling at an aluminyl anion.
Einfluss der Partikelgröße auf die Staubungsneigung von partikulären Recyclingbaustoffen
Authors: Teipel Ulrich , Schreiber Alex , Wolf Sebastian
Published: October 2023

Partikuläre Recyclingbaustoffe weisen oft eine breite Partikelgrößenverteilung auf und neigen somit zur Staubentwicklung. Diese Staubfreisetzung in gasförmiger Umgebung ist in vielen Fällen unerwünscht, da sie oft mit einem Ressourcenverlust, einer Belastung der beteiligten Personen und der Umwelt verbunden ist. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene mineralische Materialien mit unterschiedlicher Größenverteilung und identischem Feuchtegehalt auf ihre Staubungsneigung untersucht.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Carbonylation Reactions in Alternative Reaction Media
Authors: Árvai Csaba , Mika László T.
Published: October 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Since the discovery of the hydroformylation (oxo‐synthesis or Roelen reaction) and the Reppe‐reaction, the transition metal‐catalyzed carbonylation reactions, providing versatile, facile, and even atom‐economic methods for the selective incorporation of C=O functionality to various skeletons, have gained tremendous importance in synthetic organic chemistry from laboratories to industrial applications. The carbonylation of carbon‐carbon multiple bonds, aromatic halides, triflates, etc., in the presence of various nucleophiles has led the way to produce aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, etc., in the fine chemical industry. However, these protocols usually proceed in conventional, fossil‐based, and usually toxic reaction environments. Thus, several attempts have been directed to developing efficient carbonylation methods in alternative, less harmful, non‐fossil‐based and even in renewable reaction media. In this review, we overview the recent applications of alternative solvents such as water, biomass‐based alcohols, γ‐valerolactone (GVL), 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF), ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DES), alkyl levulinates, limonene, α‐pinene, and dimethyl carbonate as well as fluorous media to improve efficiency, safety and environmentally benign nature of carbonylation protocols.
Directed mean curvature flow in noisy environment
Authors: Gerasimovičs Andris , Hairer Martin , Matetski Konstantin
Published: October 2023

We consider the directed mean curvature flow on the plane in a weak Gaussian random environment. We prove that, when started from a sufficiently flat initial condition, a rescaled and recentred solution converges to the Cole–Hopf solution of the KPZ equation. This result follows from the analysis of a more general system of nonlinear SPDEs driven by inhomogeneous noises, using the theory of regularity structures. However, due to inhomogeneity of the noise, the “black box” result developed in the series of works cannot be applied directly and requires significant extension to infinite‐dimensional regularity structures. Analysis of this general system of SPDEs gives two more interesting results. First, we prove that the solution of the quenched KPZ equation with a very strong force also converges to the Cole–Hopf solution of the KPZ equation. Second, we show that a properly rescaled and renormalised quenched Edwards–Wilkinson model in any dimension converges to the stochastic heat equation.
Therapist self‐disclosure in teletherapy early in the COVID‐19 pandemic: Associations with real relationship and traumatic distress
Authors: Luo Xiaochen , Aafjes‐van Doorn Katie , Békés Vera , Prout Tracy A. , Hoffman Leon
Published: October 2023

The usefulness of therapists' self‐disclosure (TSD) in psychotherapy remains controversial, and little is known regarding the potential risks and benefits of TSD in times of global crisis such as the COVID‐19 pandemic and in teletherapy. We examined two independent samples of therapists (N = 1705; Study 1) and patients (N = 772; Study 2) on their perceptions of increases in TSD during the transition to teletherapy early in the COVID‐19 pandemic (spring 2020). Approximately 20% of therapists and 14% of patients reported perceptions of definite increases in TSD. Therapists' top reasons for increased TSD were therapists' heightened distress and an effort to connect with patients in teletherapy. Importantly, therapist perceptions of their increased TSD were positively related to subjective vicarious trauma, real relationship, psychodynamic theoretical orientation and negatively with humanistic orientation, but not with age, race/ethnicity, length of clinical experience, working alliance, or professional self‐doubt. Patients' perceptions of increased TSD were positively related with patient pandemic‐related traumatic distress and their own self‐disclosure, but not with patient‐reported therapeutic relationship variables. Longitudinally, patients' perceptions of TSD increases predicted higher pandemic‐related traumatic distress at 3‐month follow‐up, after controlling for their baseline traumatic distress and other variables. These results highlighted that increased TSD in teletherapy may be a potential marker for heightened distress in both patients and therapists during a global crisis and a transition to teletherapy. The findings also contrasted the literature and emphasized that therapists, but perhaps not patients, may have considered increased TSD as a reflection of genuine therapeutic connection.
The effect of the irrigant activation protocol on postoperative pain in maxillary incisors with asymptomatic apical periodontitis: A three‐arm randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abbara Mohammad Tamer , Akil Samar , Hamadah Omer , Achour Hassan , Mahayni Ghina , Tolibah Yasser Alsayed
Published: October 2023

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the effects of three irrigation activation systems (IAS) on postoperative pain (PP) in activating three final irrigants: sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 17%, and chlorhexidine 2%.

Materials and Methods

This parallel randomized clinical trial included referred patients with asymptomatic large‐sized apical lesion incisors. A standard method was followed in the canal cleaning and shaping for all included patients in the study. Then, the patients were randomly assigned (1:1 allocation) into three groups: G1 (n = 20) with passive ultrasonic irrigation activation; G2 (n = 20) with XP‐Endo Finisher file activation; and G3 (n = 20) with diode laser (810 nm) activation. PP was estimated in all groups using a visual analog scale after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of treatment. Comparisons between the groups were made using the Kruskal−Wallis test, whereas the Mann−Whitney U test was used in the pairwise comparisons.

Results

Sixty patients were followed‐up in this trial. There were significant differences between the groups in terms of PP After 1, 3, and 7 days of treatment (p = 0.002, p = 0.017, and p = 0.006, respectively). On the first day of treatment, G3 showed the lowest PP compared with G1 and G2 (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). On the third day of treatment, G3 showed less PP compared with G2 (p = 0.005). On the seventh day of treatment, G2 showed the highest PP compared with G1 and G3 (p = 0.012 and p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusions

The XP‐Endo Finisher file caused the highest PP level especially in the next day and 3 days of the treatment, whereas the diode laser had the lowest PP level during the first week of treatment. It is noteworthy that PP disappeared completely after 2 weeks of treatment with all three IASs.

Trial Registration

The trial was registered in the ISRCTN registry (Trial ID: SRCTN99457940).
Serum level of vitamin D in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of case control studies
Authors: Safari‐Faramani Roya , Salehi Mohsen , Ghambari Haji Shore Saman , Omidpanah Neda
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an ulcerative condition with unknown etiology. The effect of vitamin D in the etiology of RAS is still a matter of controversy. In this study, we aimed at review the available evidence on the role of vitamin D deficiency in RAS etiology.

Material and Methods

PubMed, Cochrane Library for Systematic Reviews, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and EmBase were systematically searched for evidence on RAS and vitamin D up to January 2020. Retrieved records were screened and assessed by two of the authors independently. Newcastle−Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of individual studies. AMSTAR tool was used for assessing the quality of the study.

Results

Eight studies including 383 healthy control and 352 patients with RAS were eligible for the meta‐analysis. Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in RAS patients. The weighted mean difference was −7.90 (95% CI: −11.96 to −3.85).

Conclusions

The results highlighted the importance of vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of RAS. However, more studies are needed to reach a robust decision. The observed association between vitamin D and RAS is probably due to the effect of vitamin D on the immune system.
Increased offspring provisioning by large female fish and consequences for reproductive efficiency
Authors: Koenigbauer S. T. , Höök T. O.
Published: October 2023

Contemporary fisheries research and management have highlighted the need to protect size and age structures of fish populations. Many studies particularly emphasize a disproportionate contribution of populations' largest, oldest female fish to population‐level recruitment through maternal effects: non‐genetic effects of females on performance of their offspring including through energetic provisioning of eggs. Our study synthesized the effects of increasing female size on offspring performance using a meta‐analysis approach. In a stepwise fashion, we conducted three separate meta‐analyses to estimate the broad‐scale patterns of maternal effects in fish. We synthesized relationships between female size and egg size, egg size and offspring size, and egg size and offspring survival. We tested maternal effects across numerous taxonomic orders and system types including freshwater, diadromous, and saltwater species. We also compared the effects of increasing egg size on offspring performance at different experimental durations. These three meta‐analyses all supported the paradigm that larger females render individual benefits to offspring performance. However, females have finite gonadal energy and space for egg provisioning and must trade off between egg size and fecundity. For the largest females to contribute disproportionately to population recruitment (relative to their gonadal investment), they must utilize their gonadal investment more efficiently than their smaller conspecifics. Using example studies in published literature, we demonstrated how established maternal effects on egg provisioning do not necessarily support greater reproductive efficiency in larger females. Therefore, while larger females do produce larger eggs, which promote offspring growth and survival, we concluded these benefits may not always outweigh relative fecundity costs of larger eggs.
Novel genomic offset metrics integrate local adaptation into habitat suitability forecasts and inform assisted migration
Authors: Lachmuth Susanne , Capblancq Thibaut , Prakash Anoob , Keller Stephen R. , Fitzpatrick Matthew C.
Published: October 2023

Genomic data are increasingly being integrated into macroecological forecasting, offering an evolutionary perspective that has been largely missing from global change biogeography. Genomic offset, which quantifies the disruption of genotype–environment associations under environmental change, allows for the incorporation of intraspecific climate‐associated genomic differentiation into forecasts of habitat suitability. Gradient Forest (GF) is a commonly used approach to estimate genomic offset; however, major hurdles in the application of GF‐derived genomic offsets are (1) an inability to interpret their absolute magnitude in an ecologically meaningful way and (2) uncertainty in how their implications compare with those of species‐level approaches like Ecological Niche Models (ENMs). Here, we assess the climate change vulnerability of red spruce (Picea rubens), a cool‐temperate tree species endemic to eastern North America, using both ENMs and GF modeling of genomic variation along climatic gradients. To gain better insights into climate change risks, we derive and apply two new threshold‐based genomic offset metrics—Donor and Recipient Importance—that quantify the transferability of propagules between donor populations and recipient localities while minimizing disruption of genotype–environment associations. We also propose and test a method for scaling genomic offsets relative to contemporary genomic variation across the landscape. In three common gardens, we found a significant negative relationship between (scaled) genomic offsets and red spruce growth and higher explanatory power for scaled offsets than climate transfer distances. However, the garden results also revealed the potential effects of spatial extrapolation and neutral genomic differentiation that can compromise the degree to which genomic offsets represent maladaptation and highlight the necessity of using common garden data to evaluate offset‐based predictions. ENMs and our novel genomic offset metrics forecasted drastic northward range shifts in suitable habitats. Combining inferences from our offset‐based metrics, we show that a northward shift mainly will be required for populations in the central and northern parts of red spruce's current range, whereas southern populations might persist in situ due to climate‐associated variation with less offset under future climate. These new genomic offset metrics thus yield refined, region‐specific prognoses for local persistence and show how management could be improved by considering assisted migration.
Numerical response of predator to prey: Dynamic interactions and population cycles in Eurasian lynx and roe deer
Authors: Andrén Henrik , Liberg Olof
Published: October 2023

The dynamic interactions between predators and their prey have two fundamental processes: numerical and functional responses. Numerical response is defined as predator growth rate as a function of prey density or both prey and predator densities [dP/dt = f(N, P)]. Functional response is defined as the kill rate by an individual predator being a function of prey density or prey and predator densities combined. Although there are relatively many studies on the functional response in mammalian predators, the numerical response remains poorly documented. We studied the numerical response of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) to various densities of its primary prey species, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and to itself (lynx). We exploited an unusual natural situation, spanning three decades where lynx, after a period of absence in central and southern Sweden, during which roe deer populations had grown to high densities, subsequently recolonized region after region, from north to south. We divided the study area into seven regions, with increasing productivity from north to south. We found strong effects of both roe deer density and lynx density on lynx numerical response. Thus, both resources and intraspecific competition for these resources are important to understanding the lynx population dynamic. We built a series of deterministic lynx–roe deer models, and applied them to the seven regions. We found a very good fit between these Lotka–Volterra type models and the data. The deterministic models produced almost cyclic dynamics or dampened cycles in five of the seven regions. Thus, we documented population cycles in this large predator–large herbivore system, which is rarely done. The amplitudes in the dampened cycles decreased toward the south. Thus, the dynamics between lynx and roe deer became more stable with increasing carrying capacity for roe deer, which is related to higher productivity in the environment. This increased stability could be explained by variation in predation risk, where human presence can act as prey refugia, and by a more diverse prey guild that will weaken the direct interaction between lynx and roe deer.
Not just range limits: Warming rate and thermal sensitivity shape climate change vulnerability in a species range center
Authors: Beaty Fiona , Gehman Alyssa‐Lois M. , Brownlee Graham , Harley Christopher D. G.
Published: October 2023

Climate change manifests unevenly across space and time and produces complex patterns of stress for ecological systems. Species can also show substantial among‐population variability in response to environmental change across their geographic range due to evolutionary processes. Explanatory factors or their proxies, such as temperature and latitude, help parse these sources of environmental and intraspecific variability; however, overemphasizing latitudinal trends can obscure the role of local environmental conditions in shaping population vulnerability to climate change. Focusing on the geographic center of a species range to disentangle latitude, we test the hypothesis that populations from warmer regions of a species range are more vulnerable to ocean warming. We conducted a mesocosm experiment and field reciprocal transplant with four populations of a marine snail, Nucella lamellosa, from two regions in British Columbia, Canada, that differ in thermal characteristics: the Central Coast, a cool region, and the Strait of Georgia, one of the warmest regions of this species' range and one that is warming faster than the Central Coast. Populations from the Strait of Georgia experienced growth reductions at contemporary summertime seawater temperatures in the laboratory and showed stark reductions in survival and growth under future seawater conditions and when outplanted at their native transplant sites. This indicates a high vulnerability to ocean warming, especially given the faster rate of ocean warming in this region. In contrast, populations from the cooler Central Coast demonstrated high performance at contemporary seawater temperatures and high growth and survival in projected future seawater temperatures and at their native outplant sites. Given their position within the geographic center of N. lamellosa's range, extirpation events in the vulnerable Strait of Georgia populations could compromise connectivity within the metapopulation and lead to gaps across this species' range. Overall, our study supports predictions that populations from warm regions of species ranges are more vulnerable to environmental warming, suggests that the Strait of Georgia and other inland or coastal seas could be focal points for climate change effects and ecological transformation, and emphasizes the importance of analyzing climate change vulnerability in the context of regional environmental data and throughout a species' range.
Development of solar radiation prediction model using minimax algorithm
Authors: Kaplan Yusuf Alper
Published: October 2023

Recently, many studies are carried out on solar energy (SE) and global solar radiation (GSR) estimation. When the literature is examined, there are many GSR estimation models developed with different algorithms in different regions of the world. Although some of these models are seen to perform acceptable all over the world, the performance of some models differs according to their location. The Minimax algorithm is a decision‐making algorithm that maximizes the winning potential while minimizing the probability of losing. In this study, a new Angstorm model was developed for GSR with minimax algorithm. The most important aspect of this article in terms of originality is that the GSR estimation model is being developed with the minimax algorithm for the first time. The MATLAB program was used while developing the prediction model with the minimax algorithm. Different statistical error tests were used to evaluate the performance of the results. When these test results are evaluated in general, it is seen that the minimax algorithm gives acceptable results in GSR estimation.
Experimental and computational studies of concentration and flow field variation of syngas released
Authors: Li Yongjun , Wang Zhirong , Yin Zhonglin , Guo Pinkun , Fan Rujia
Published: October 2023

Syngas is an important chemical energy source with broad application prospects. The main problem with using syngas is its hazards, such as high storage pressure, high dispersion, low mass density, explosive, and toxic. The aim of this article is to find the key factors for the diffusion of syngas leakage and analyze the distribution of the dangerous concentration range from the diffusion behavior and hazard range characteristics of syngas leakage under complex working conditions. Therefore, a syngas leakage experimental bench is established, and a three‐dimensional simulation of syngas leakage was modeled. The results show that the initial pressure is the most critical factor, and the concentration distribution under different initial pressures is significantly different. The time required for carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) to reach their maximum concentration increased as the initial pressure or temperature decreased. The volume ratio had little effect on the time when CO and H2 reached the maximum concentration. In the horizontal direction, CO diffused further than H2 in the buoyant jet. The max volume fraction of H2 and CO did not exceed 1% and 2.5%, respectively. The research results are expected to give guidelines for the safety protection and standard improvement of syngas leakage.
Ecosystem engineering by periphyton in Alpine proglacial streams
Authors: Roncoroni Matteo , Ballu Aurélien , Selitaj Adrijan , Mancini Davide , Miesen Floreana , Aguet Marc , Battin Tom I. , Lane Stuart N.
Published: October 2023

Stream periphytons are candidate ecosystem engineers in proglacial margins. Here, we quantify the extent to which they are engineers for the case of hillslope‐fed tributaries in the terrace zones of proglacial margin alluvial plains. Candidate ecosystem engineering effects relate to periphyton‐driven changes in (1) vertical infiltration of water, which in turn could aid plant colonization and hence local surface stabilization, and (2) near‐bed hydraulics, notably near‐bed turbulence properties. We ran two flume experiments in parallel in the proglacial margin of the Otemma glacier (Switzerland), reproducing the environmental conditions found in terrace streams. In both experiments, we followed periphyton development on initially bare sediments for 28 days. Then, whilst the experiment continued undisturbed in one flume, in the second and over a further 26 days, we introduced disturbances in the form of desiccation events. Throughout the entire experiment length, we collected imagery for close‐range SfM‐MVS photogrammetry, data on vertical infiltration, and near‐bed hydraulics. The experiments showed that periphyton development significantly changed the streambed properties. First, periphyton development over the timescale of a few days reduced bed roughness and clogged the benthic interstitial space, reducing water infiltration. These effects were insensitive to the disturbance regime. Second, the changes in streambed roughness modified the near‐bed turbulent structures, and this resulted in a reduction of bursting events and in the modification of the turbulent kinetic energy at the near‐bed layer. The latter, however, appeared to be less important in these environments as compared with the impacts on infiltration. Given the low water retaining capacity of glacial sediments, the observation that periphyton can reduce vertical infiltration explains wider observations of their importance in glacial floodplains where vegetation succession is critically constrained by water availability. The relatively reduced impacts on near‐bed turbulence also contribute to explaining why disturbance in proglacial margin streams remains a key limit on ecological succession.
An application of artificial neural networks in corporate social responsibility decision making
Authors: Binh Nguyen Thi Thanh
Published: October 2023

Neural networks in deep learning are changing the way we interact with the world. This paper focuses on building a logit artificial neural network (ANN) and through it finds out the factors affecting the decision to join corporate social responsibility (CSR) of firms. This study contributes to suggesting new directions for research in the artificial intelligence (AI) era on the relationship between corporate governance and CSR. The dataset of 817 Taiwanese electronic firms is analyzed for the period 2014–2020. The empirical results show that when the power of the board of directors, supervisors, and CEOs are higher, firms do not choose to participate in CSR. The independent board has not yet promoted its corporate oversight of CSR participation. The decision not to participate in CSR of the firms is made when they are more equipped with the background of accounting, finance, and law. Only firms with higher debt, asset value, and profitability are willing to join CSR. These research results suggest some important points for future policy reforms towards sustainability.
Impact of COVID‐19 on incidence, clinical presentation, and prognosis of acute chest syndrome in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Dubois Gabin , Virot Emilie , Marie Manon , Poutrel Solène , Cannas Giovanna , Hot Arnaud
Published: October 2023

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a frequent complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Because coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) increases mortality and morbidity in many diseases, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the incidence, the clinical presentation, and the prognosis of ACS in patients with SCD by comparing ACS episode before and during COVID‐19 pandemic.

Ninety‐nine episodes of ACS were registered over 24 months before pandemic versus 81 episodes over 24 months during the pandemic period. The number of ACS episodes varies among children regarding the two period of time: 26 episodes (26%) for the pre‐pandemic period versus 11 episodes (13%) for the pandemic period (p = 0.03). Comparisons between adults and children showed a higher incidence of initial VOC (45% vs. 24%; p = 0.04) in adults, and a higher incidence of initial pneumonia (35% vs. 15%; p = 0.01) and documented infection (35% vs. 7%; p < 0.001) in children. One patient died during the pandemic period but without any relationship with ACS or COVID‐19. During this pandemic period, 13 episodes of ACS (16%) were found related to coronavirus infection. These ACS episodes did not show any significant differences in terms of outcome when compared to the other ACS episodes observed during this period.

Overall, coronavirus infection did not demonstrate a negative impact on incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of ACS in patients with SCD. Early management, chronic treatment with HU, and exchange transfusions could likely explain the low morbidity and mortality rates.
II型呼吸不全に対して脂肪除去術と気管皮膚縫合術を併用した気管切開術を行うことで救命した高度肥満患者の1例(A case of a patient with severe obesity successfully treated for type II respiratory failure by tracheostomy with lipectomy and tracheodermal suture)
Authors: 敬祐 渡邉 , 裕介 伊藤 , 将啓 福田 , 弘忠 橘高 , 靖之 林 , 縁 後藤 , 宏隆 澤野
Published: October 2023

呼吸不全を呈した高度肥満患者に対する人工呼吸器管理は難渋することが多く，気管切開術を要する場合，難度は高く，重大な合併症に関連する。今回，COVID–19を契機としたII型呼吸不全に対し，脂肪除去術と気管皮膚縫合術を併用した気管切開術にて救命した高度肥満症例を経験した。症例は24歳の男性でBMI 61.5。COVID–19と診断され，急性II型呼吸不全を発症し入院後に人工呼吸器管理が必要になった。経口気管挿管は困難で，ファイバースコープを用いた経鼻気管挿管を行った。鎮静下で調節呼吸を開始したが，無気肺と肺胞低換気のため呼吸性アシドーシスが進行した。無気肺の改善と換気量の増大を得るために，気管切開術を施行して鎮静剤を減量し患者を覚醒させ，自発呼吸の促進や喀痰の自力排出を図るとともに積極的な体位管理を行うことが必要と判断した。皮下脂肪が多く頸部の術野確保は困難で，顎下部と前胸部の脂肪組織を広範囲に除去し，気管を確認し，気管切開後は気管と皮膚を縫合した。術後は自発呼吸と咳嗽により十分な喀痰排出が得られたことで無気肺は解除され，呼吸性アシドーシスも劇的に改善して良好な転帰をたどった。本邦では高度肥満患者は稀であり，BMI 60以上の症例に対する気管切開術や呼吸管理に習熟している医師も少ない。高度肥満患者に対して脂肪除去術を併用した気管切開術を行い，良好な転帰をたどった貴重な症例として報告する。
救急医の頭部MRI，CT，胸部X線読影において見落としの多い時間帯と疾患についての検討～単施設後方視記述研究～(Time of day and the diseases for the most frequently missed radiographic readings by emergency physicians: a single–center retrospective descriptive study)
Authors: 駿吾 垣内 , 実 林 , 眞輔 谷崎 , 重信 前田
Published: October 2023

【目的】夜間勤務の救急医による頭部MRI，CT，胸部X線読影の見落としが好発する時間帯と疾患の検討をする。【対象】2010年12月30日から2022年9月30日の18:00から翌8:00に福井県立病院救急外来で施行し救急医が読影した頭部MRI，CT，胸部X線において，翌朝の放射線科医の読影結果により見落としが判明し緊急受診を患者に促した症例が発生した時間と疾患を検討した。【結果】撮影画像100,361件のうち，対象画像は67,845件であった。見落としが生じ緊急受診を促した症例は54件（0.08%）であった。23時台に見落されている件数が最も多く，12件（22%）であった。見落としの多い疾患では，虫垂炎が7例と最も多く，次いで孤発性上腸間膜動脈解離5例であった。性別は男性18件，女性36件と女性に多かった。年齢は80歳台（11件）で最も多く，次いで40歳台（10件）に多かった。画像種類別においてはCTが45件で最多であった。撮影部位別においては腹部骨盤28件で最多であった。【結語】救急医による頭部MRI，CT，胸部X線における見落としは深夜の交代間際の23時台に最も多く発生している。撮影部位では腹部CTが最も多く，疾患では虫垂炎，孤発性上腸間膜動脈解離が多い。夜間に撮影された腹部CTでは虫垂炎，孤発性上腸間膜動脈解離に注意して読影を行うと見落としが防げる可能性がある。
頭部外傷患者における頭部造影CT検査での造影剤血管外漏出像と予後との関係(Relationship between extravascular leakage and clinical outcome on computed tomography of traumatic brain injury)
Authors: 弘 伊藤 , 洋平 中村 , 由貴 戸上 , 伸也 大西 , 俊一郎 中尾 , 裕司 小倉 , 順 織田
Published: October 2023

【目的】頭部単独外傷患者において頭部造影CT検査での造影剤の血管外漏出像が死亡や手術の実施と関連があるかを調査した。【対象】2010～2020年に当院へ直送された18歳以上の頭部単独外傷患者のうち来院時の頭部単純CT検査で頭蓋内出血を認めた患者を対象とした。主要評価項目を死亡，副次評価項目を搬入後から集中治療室を退室するまでに実施された脳外科的手術とした。これらと造影剤の血管外漏出像の関連をロジスティック回帰分析で評価した。【結果】解析対象患者は188例，年齢の中央値は65歳，男性123例（65.4%），死亡34例（18.1%），手術は91例（48.4%）に実施された。造影剤の血管外漏出像を認めた66例のうち22例（33.3%）が死亡し47例（71.2%）が手術を必要とした。血管外漏出像を認めなかった122例のうち12例（9.8%）が死亡し44例（36.1%）が手術を必要とした。造影剤の血管外漏出像の有無は死亡と関連しオッズ比3.5（95% CI: 1.4–9.1）であった。また手術の実施とも関連しオッズ比10.9（95% CI: 4.4–26.9）であった。【結語】頭部造影CT検査における造影剤の血管外漏出像は頭部単独外傷患者において死亡と手術の実施に関連があった。
A fossil “Social Stomach”: Micro‐CT imaging unearths first fossil record of ant proventriculi and comparative analysis with recent species
Authors: Zharkov Dmitry , Dubovikoff Dmitry
Published: October 2023

Eusociality is an extreme form of social behavior found in some invertebrates, especially in ants, which allows them to thrive and dominate the environment through their cooperative and organized behavior. Their complex colony structure and social behavior is provided, among other things, by morphological adaptations, such as the unique structure and a huge variety of proventriculi relative to other insect groups. Here, we report the first discovery of proventriculus by X‐ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) in the fossil ants †Oecophylla brischkei Mayr, 1868 and †Oecophylla crassinoda Wheeler, 1922. This is a remarkable fossil find, as it opens up new perspectives for research on phylogeny, the evolution of ant sociality and feeding behavior. We present a 3D model of the proventriculus in Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775) and a 3D model of the proventriculus in †Oe. brischkei and compare them. Fossil proventriculi are not fundamentally different in structure from the recent. Apparently, already in the late Eocene, the lifestyle and sociality of ants of the genus Oecophylla were similar to the one we are currently observing.
Psychotherapeutic drug‐induced life‐threatening arrhythmias: A retrospective analysis using the Japanese adverse drug event report database
Authors: Yokohara Saki , Hashiguchi Masayuki , Shiga Tsuyoshi
Published: October 2023

Background

Drug‐induced life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias including torsade de pointes (TdP), ventricular tachycardia (VT), and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are serious cardiac side effects. Psychotherapeutic drugs are known to be risk factors for arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to evaluate psychotherapeutic drugs associated with life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.

Methods

From the JADER database (April 2004 to September 2022), cases of TdP, VT, VF, and QT prolongation in patients taking psychotherapeutic drugs as ‘suspected drugs’ were extracted. The adjusted reported odds ratio (aROR) was calculated to identify potential drugs involved in combined TdP/VF/VT or combined QT prolongation/TdP.

Results

Of the 4,530,772 cases reported, life‐threatening arrhythmia‐related adverse events were reported in 1760 cases (QT prolongation 1261, TdP 192, VF 108, VT 199) among 909 patients; 58.9% of patients were female, and the highest incidence was among patients aged 80–89 years (18.6%), followed by patients aged 70–79 years (15.4%). The highest aROR for TdP/VF/VT was found for trazodone (17.1), followed by sulpiride (10.8), haloperidol (9.8), donepezil (9.1), and fluvoxamine (7.9). The highest aROR for QT prolongation/TdP was found for guanfacine (87.8), followed by sultopride (60.1), escitalopram (21.0), trazodone (12.8), and donepezil (9.3).

Conclusions

This study showed that typical antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antidementia drugs were associated with life‐threatening arrhythmia‐related adverse events in a Japanese clinical setting. These events were more frequent in women and elderly individuals.
Develop an environment‐friendly detergent for textile relics adsorbing soil/rust stains
Authors: Wei Yuhui , Cao Xuejiao , Ling Xue , Su Zhaowei , Wan Zihao , Liu Kaixuan , Shemin Chuchu , Pan Wei
Published: October 2023

To develop an environment‐friendly detergent for textile relics adsorbing soil/rust stains, the relationship between surfactant types and concentrations, the nature of additives and the type of textile (e.g., cotton, linen, silk or wool) were systematically investigated. Results showed that the detergent formulations of sodium montmorillonite (5 g/L) as additives were overall the best options for soil stains removal on textile relics. Specifically, the most suitable surfactant for cotton, linen, silk and wool textiles relics adsorbing soil stains was rhamnolipid (8 g/L), tea saponin (6 g/L), tea saponin (8 g/L), alkyl glycosides (10 g/L), respectively. The detergent formulations of ascorbic acid (5 g/L) as additives were more beneficial for rust stains peeling‐off from the surface of the textile relics regardless of the type of surfactant and textile relics. But the optimal surfactants for different textiles relics were different. In detail, the most suitable surfactants for cotton, linen, silk and wool textiles relics adsorbing rust stains were separately rhamnolipid (10 g/L), Tea saponin (8 g/L), Tea saponin (6 g/L), Alkyl glycosides (6 g/L). This indicated that the washing effect of detergent formulation was related to the types of stains and textile relics' fiber. These findings not only demonstrated the necessity for developing detergent formulations for different textile relics, but also illustrated the complexity and diversity of the textile relics' stain‐washing work. Moreover, this work also assists understanding of the washing mechanism of textile relics and help the department of textile relics protection to properly wash textile relics and extend the life of textile relics.
An integrated approach of homogenization‐ultrasound‐assisted extraction followed by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography for rapidly preparative separation naphthoquinones and diarylheptanes from Juglands mandshurica Maxim. exocarp
Authors: Chang Yuan‐Hang , Yu Lian , Yang Han , Xu Jian , Fu Yu‐Jie
Published: October 2023

This research investigated the effectiveness of an integrated method for the extraction and separation of naphthoquinones and diarylheptanes from exocarp of Juglands mandshurica Maxim. (namely, green walnut husks). The target compounds were obtained by ultra‐turrax homogenization (UTH) coupled with ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) technology followed by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The UTH‐UAE extraction method achieved higher efficiency with 2.49‐ and 2.36‐fold to those by UAE, and 1.39‐ and 1.34‐fold to those by UTH in a short time. HSCCC was adopted for further separation and purification; six target compounds, namely, regiolone (RE), juglone (JU), myricatomento‐genin (MG), galleon (GA), 2‐oxatrycyclo[13.2.2.13,7]eicosa‐3,5,7(20),15,17,18‐hexaen‐10‐16‐diol (OE), and juglanin A (JA), were separated with more than 95.37% purities and more than 84.71% final recovery rates, respectively. In this study, the integrated strategy of extraction and separation could get high purity compounds quickly, which would provide time and solvent saved method for the natural products separation from plants.