bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating Organic Semiconductor Morphology with Visible Light
Authors: Sørensen Michael Korning , Gertsen Anders Skovbo , Fornari Rocco Peter , Zhou Binbin , Zhang Xiaotong , Jepsen Peter Uhd , Stanzani Edoardo , Yun Shinhee , Fernández Castro Marcial , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Koutsioubas Alexandros , de Silva Piotr , Espindola‐Rodriguez Moises , Kuhn Luise Theil , Andreasen Jens Wenzel
Published: January 2023

A method is presented to manipulate the final morphology of roll‐to‐roll slot‐die coated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) by optically exciting the p‐type polymer in solution while coating. These results provide a comprehensive picture of the entire knowledge chain, from demonstrating how to apply the authors’ method to a fundamental understanding of the changes in morphology and physical properties induced by exciting P3HT while coating. By combining results from density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations with a variety of X‐ray experiments, absorption spectroscopy, and THz spectroscopy, the relationship between morphology and physical properties of the thin film is demonstrated. Specifically, in P3HT films excited with light during deposition, changes in crystallinity and texture with more face‐on orientation and increased out‐of‐plane charge mobility are observed.
The Screening of Homo‐ and Hetero‐Dual Atoms Anchored Graphdiyne for Boosting Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Jitwatanasirikul Thanadol , Roongcharoen Thantip , Sikam Pornsawan , Takahashi Kaito , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Namuangruk Supawadee
Published: January 2023

Developing electrocatalysts with high catalytic performance and selectivity is crucial for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CRR). There are many catalyst studies of transition metal (TM) atom doping to sp2 carbon material, such as graphene or carbon nanotubes. On the other hand, graphdiyne (GDY) has both sp and sp2 hybridization and stable pores, so we can tune its interaction with TM. Following the successful experimental synthesis of Ni atom doping to GDY monolayer, the CRR activity of double–atom catalysts was evaluated, including homo and hetero metal‐Ni doped on the GDY monolayer (MNi@GDY where M is Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) using the density functional theory calculations. The valence‐electron number of the catalytic center shows a strong positive correlation to the limiting potentials in the volcano plot. NiNi@GDY is the most promising candidate for converting CO2 to produce CH4 with a remarkable low limiting potential of −0.28 V, which is better than Ni@GDY and Ni3@GDY counterparts. NiNi@GDY shows excellent thermal stability and ability to suppress the competing hydrogen evolution reaction, showing its high selectivity to CH4.
Compact Multifunctional Gain Enhancing GRIN Lens for Widely Separated Frequency Band Shared Aperture Antennas
Authors: Whiting Eric B. , Xu Jingwei , Campbell Sawyer D. , Bossard Jeremy A. , Barrett John P. , Withrow Joshua W. , Weigner James D. , Werner Douglas H.
Published: January 2023

Gradient index (GRIN) lenses embody a powerful technology that enables control of electromagnetic wave propagation over wide frequency bands. However, GRIN lenses that achieve multifunctional (i.e., dual broadband) performance have not been realized mainly due to the limitations of conventional techniques such as Transformation Optics (TO). This paper proposes a multi‐objective inverse‐design approach for the optimization of multi‐band GRIN lenses with highly constrained aperture sizes. A candidate lens design is fabricated from a ceramic material using a new additive manufacturing approach allowing for spatially‐varying permittivities between 2–6.5 to be achieved at sub‐cm resolution. Measured results validate the candidate functionalized ceramic GRIN lens's simulated multi‐band performance and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed inverse‐design procedure.
Emerging Self‐Powered Autonomous Sensing Triboelectric Fibers toward Future Wearable Human‐Computer Interaction Devices
Authors: Ning Chuan , Zheng Guoqiang , Dong Kai
Published: January 2023

Wearable electronic technology is developing rapidly and has been widely used in human‐computer interaction, smart homes, telemedicine, rehabilitation training, sports monitoring, object tracking, etc. Fibers, as the basic elements of clothing, have become important carriers of wearable electronics. The fiber‐shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (F‐TENG) is typically a 1D structure that is highly flexible and can be woven from 1D to 2D or even 3D textiles. F‐TENG has both the structural characteristics of fibers and the function of energy conversion of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Therefore, it can be worn on the body both as an energy converter to convert the mechanical energy of human movement into electrical energy and as a self‐powered sensor to convert human movement information into electrical signals. Herein, this review comprehensively introduces the recent progress of F‐TENG, including the scale preparation method of fibers, the weaving method of fibers, triboelectric‐based multifunctional fiber, and various fibers for energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the field of F‐TENG are discussed.
Can Photovoice foster the development of social support?
Authors: Agner Joy , Nakamura Lisa , Botero Adriana , Cha Tiffany , Kaukau Tyra Mahealani
Published: January 2023

Photovoice is a participatory, photo‐based research method that differs from conventional (non‐participatory) research in that the process is meant to be empowering and beneficial. However, empirical research on the Photovoice process remains very limited. Based on feedback from participants who reported Photovoice helped them develop closer relationships, we examine whether engaging in Photovoice fosters social support. Transcripts from a Photovoice study on wellness in mental health Clubhouses (voluntary, community mental health centers) were retrospectively analyzed for instrumental support, appraisal, informational support, and emotional support. Appraisal was the most common form of social support identified, and was primarily expressed through peer praise for photos and insights. Informational support included advice on managing symptoms, promoting wellness, and navigating challenges. Instrumental support was fostered by learning the tangible skill of digital photography and by supporting fellow members with physical or visual limitations to participate in the process. Emotional support was cultivated through encouragement, identification of shared experiences, and connection through humor. In sum, the findings suggest that Photovoice has the potential to foster social support, which may support relational empowerment.
Associations of vitamin D receptor encoding gene variants with premenopausal breast cancer risk
Authors: Iqbal Mehir un Nisa , Maqbool Syed Amir , Khan Taseer Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study evaluates whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variations are associated with premenopausal breast cancer in Pakistani cohorts.

Methods

Genomic DNA was isolated from 228 breast cancer patients and 500 non‐cancer controls. Six polymorphic variants (rs11568820, rs4516035, rs2228570, rs1544410, rs7975232, rs731236) of the VDR gene were genotyped using PCR‐RFLP analysis. All statistical analysis was carried out on IBM‐SPSS 23 at p‐value <.05. Chi‐square test and odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were applied to evaluate the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and breast cancer.

Results

Results showed that the A/A genotype of EcoRV (OR = 2.125, 95% CI = 1.024 to 4.412) and the A/a genotype of Apa1 (OR = 6.094, 95%CI = 4.111 to 9.033) gene polymorphism had an increased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. No associations of the Bsm1 and Taq1 polymorphisms were observed in premenopausal women. Moreover, the Cdx2 GG (OR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.192–0.602) genotype had a significant protective effect on breast cancer. However, strong LD was existed between Bsm1/Taq1 (D′ = 0.757, CI = 0.67–0.82) and Apa1/Taq1 (D′ = 0.695, CI = 0.6–0.77). Haplotype analysis showed no association between premenopausal breast cancer and VDR haplotypes.

Conclusion

These analyses indicates that the VDR EcoRV A/A and Apa1 A/a genotypes may be risk factors for breast cancer development among premenopausal women.
Enantioselective C−H Borylation for the Synthesis of Axially ChiralN‐Aryl Phthalimides
Authors: Zhao Hongliang , Chen Lili , Xia Chungu , Xu Senmiao
Published: January 2023

Axially chiral compounds with a rotation restricted N−C bond are of great importance in synthetic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and material sciences. The search for efficient and selective routes for the synthesis of these frameworks is of great interest and importance. We herein disclose an iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric C−H borylation protocol for the enantioselective synthesis of chiralN‐aryl phthalimides. The current method features good compatibility of functional groups, broad substrate scope, and high enantioselectivities. We also demonstrate the synthetic utility on a gram‐scale C−H borylation for diverse C−B bond transformations, including the preparation of a chiral catalyst for asymmetric catalysis.
Turning on the Antimicrobial Activity of Gold Nanoclusters Against Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria**
Authors: Ndugire William , Truong Dang , Raviranga N. G. Hasitha , Lao Jingzhe , Ramström Olof , Yan Mingdi
Published: January 2023

In this work, we show that the addition of thiourea (TU) initiated broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity of otherwise inactive D‐maltose‐capped gold nanoclusters (AuNC‐Mal). For example, AuNC‐Mal/TU was effective against multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 μg mL−1 (2.5 μM [Au]) while having 30–60 times lower in vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. The reaction of AuNC‐Mal and TU generated the antimicrobial species of [Au(TU)2]+ and smaller AuNCs. TU increased the accumulation of Au in bacteria and helped maintain the oxidation state as AuI (vs. AuIII). The modes of action included the inhibition of thioredoxin reductase, interference with the CuI regulation and depletion of ATP. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity did not change in the presence of colistin or carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone, suggesting that AuNC‐Mal/TU was indifferent to the outer membrane barrier and to bacterial efflux pumps.
Boosting Hydrogen Production via Selective Two‐electron Mild Electrochemical Oxidation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines Completely to Dihydroisoquinolines
Authors: Zhou Zhaoyu , Pan Xun , Sun Lingzhi , Xie Yanan , Zheng Jingui , Li Lina , Zhao Guohua
Published: January 2023

Different from the previous study that biomass derivatives replace water oxidation for enhancing hydrogen production, we found that mild oxidation was more conductive to cathodic hydrogen production. In this study, maximum Faradaic efficiency (>99 %) and lower energy consumption for hydrogen production was achieved by precisely controlling the two‐electron mild electrochemical oxidation of tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) to dihydroisoquinolines (DHIQs) in place of the four‐electron deep oxidation to isoquinolines (IQs). Moreover, the high value‐added DHIQs were prepared from THIQs with high selectivity (>99 %) at the low potential of 1.36 V. Operando electrochemical Raman and density functional theory proved that the high selectivity was attributed to the regulable active species of NiOOH induced by the interaction of Co and Fe for preferentially breaking C−H bond rather than N−H of THIQs. This novel method provides important insight into efficient biomass‐assisted hydrogen production.
Festkörper‐Analyse, Speicherung und Trennung von Pyrophorem PH3 und P2H4 mit α‐Mg Formiat
Authors: Widera Anna , Thöny Debora , Aebli Marcel , Oppenheim Julius Jacob , L.Andrews Justin , Eiler Frederik , Wörle Michael , Schönberg Hartmut , Weferling Norbert , Dincǎ Mircea , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: January 2023

Phosphan, PH3 – ein hochpyrophores und toxisches Gas – ist gewöhnlich mit H2 und P2H4 kontaminiert, was seine Handhabung gefährlich macht. Die kostengünstige metallorganische Gerüstverbindung (MOF) aus Magnesiumformiat, α‐[Mg(O2CH)2], kann bis zu 10 wt % PH3 adsorbieren. Das mit PH3 beladene MOF, PH3@α‐[Mg(O2CH)2], ist ein nicht pyrophores, rückgewinnbares Material, das eine kurze Handhabung von PH3 an Luft ermöglicht und die Gefahren bei der Handhabung und dem Transport von Phosphan reduziert. α‐[Mg(O2CH)2] spielt außerdem eine wichtige Rolle bei der PH3‐Reinigung von H2 und P2H4: bei 25 °C diffundiert H2 direkt durch die MOF‐Kanäle ohne Adsorption, PH3 wird adsorbiert und desorbiert nur langsam unter einem Strom von Inertgas (Desorptionszeit≈6 h). Diphosphan, P2H4, wird von dem MOF‐Gerüst stark adsorbiert und bleibt für länger als 4 Monate eingeschlossen. P2H4@α‐[Mg(O2CH)2] selbst ist nicht pyrophor, sondern luft‐ und lichtstabil bei Raumtemperatur.
Selective 3,3‐Rearrangement of Azobenzenes upon Complexation by a Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Wickemeyer Lucas , Fernández Israel , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: January 2023

The reaction of the oxygen‐bridged frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) tBu2P−O−Si(C2F5)3 (1) and tBu2P−O−AlBis2 (2) with azobenzene, promoted by UV irradiation, led to a selective complexation of the cis‐isomer. The addition product of 2 is stable, while the adduct of 1 isomerizes in solution in an ortho‐benzidine‐like [3,3]‐rearrangement by cleavage of the N−N bond, saturation of the nitrogen atoms with hydrogen atoms and formation of a new bond between two phenyl ortho‐carbon atoms. Similar rearrangements take place with different para‐substituted azobenzenes (R=Me, OMe, Cl) and di(2‐naphthyl)diazene, while ortho‐methylated azo compounds do not form adducts with 1. All adducts were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses and the mechanism of the rearrangement was explored by quantum‐chemical calculations.
Embedding knowledge graph of patent metadata to measure knowledge proximity
Authors: Li Guangtong , Siddharth L. , Luo Jianxi
Published: January 2023

Knowledge proximity refers to the strength of association between any two entities in a structural form that embodies certain aspects of a knowledge base. In this work, we operationalize knowledge proximity within the context of the US Patent Database (knowledge base) using a knowledge graph (structural form) named “PatNet” built using patent metadata, including citations, inventors, assignees, and domain classifications. We train various graph embedding models using PatNet to obtain the embeddings of entities and relations. The cosine similarity between the corresponding (or transformed) embeddings of entities denotes the knowledge proximity between these. We compare the embedding models in terms of their performances in predicting target entities and explaining domain expansion profiles of inventors and assignees. We then apply the embeddings of the best‐preferred model to associate homogeneous (e.g., patent–patent) and heterogeneous (e.g., inventor–assignee) pairs of entities.
Finite‐time command filter‐based adaptive tracking control for nonstrict feedback nonlinear systems with full‐state restrictions and unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Zhu Xinfeng , Huang Jun , Ding Wenwu , Zhang Tianping
Published: January 2023

The finite‐time command filter tracking control for a class of nonstrictly feedback nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics and full‐state constraints is investigated in this paper. The hyperbolic tangent function is used as a nonlinear mapping technique to solve the obstacle of the full‐state constraints. A new adaptive finite time control method is proposed through command filtering reverse engineering, and the shortcomings of the dynamic surface control (DSC) method are overcome by the error compensation mechanism. Dynamic signal is designed to handle dynamical uncertain terms. Normalization signal is designed to handle input unmodeled dynamics. Unknown nonlinear functions are approximated by radial basis function neural networks. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that all signals in the closed‐loop system are semi‐globally consistent and finally bounded and the output tracking error converges in finite time. Two numerical examples are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant control of switched nonlinear systems based on tuning function method
Authors: Li Ya‐Xin , Wu Li‐Bing , Hu Yu‐Han , Zhao Nan‐Nan , Nie Jin
Published: January 2023

This paper solves the problem of adaptive fault‐tolerant control of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with unknown parameters and actuator failures. Based on the multi‐Lyapunov function method, a novel adaptive switched controller with tuning function is designed using the backstepping procedure. Meanwhile, a switched fault‐tolerant adaptation mechanism is also given to compensate the fault efficiency. Furthermore, it is certificated that all the signals of the closed‐loop system are uniformly bounded and the tracking error restrain to a small neighbor. Finally, the simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed method.
Prevalence and treatment of mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders in children with co‐occurring autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A population‐based study
Authors: Casseus Myriam , Kim Wun Jung , Horton Daniel B.
Published: January 2023

There is a lack of nationally representative studies examining the co‐occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. This study examines comorbid mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) and associated treatment modalities for children with co‐occurring ASD and ADHD. Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted using data from the pooled 2016–2018 National Survey of Children's Health (sample n = 102,341). Nationally representative prevalences were estimated for sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, psychotropic medication, and behavioral treatment. We assessed multivariable associations between co‐occurring ASD + ADHD and MBDDs, use of psychotropic medication, and receipt of behavioral treatment after adjustment for sociodemographic confounders. Compared to children with ASD without co‐occurring ADHD, children with ASD + ADHD had higher prevalence of most MBDDs, including anxiety (AOR 4.03 [95% CI 2.77, 4.87]), depression (AOR 3.08 [95% CI 1.77, 5.36]), behavior or conduct problems (AOR 4.06 [95% CI 2.72, 6.06]), and other mental health conditions. Similarly, compared to children with ADHD without ASD, children with ASD + ADHD had higher odds of anxiety (AOR 3.49 [95% CI 2.65, 4.61]), depression (AOR 1.67 [95% CI 1.21, 2.29]), behavior or conduct problems (AOR 2.31 [95% CI 1.68, 3.17]), and other mental health conditions. Children with ASD + ADHD were significantly more likely to take psychotropic medication than children with ASD without ADHD. Among children with ASD + ADHD, males had higher odds of receiving behavioral treatment, whereas older children and adolescents were more likely to take psychotropic medication. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to support the complex needs of these children.
Modulation of Chiroptical and Photophysical Properties in Helicenic Rhenium(I) Systems: The Use of an N‐(Aza[6]helicenyl)‐NHC Ligand
Authors: Gauthier Etienne S. , Abella Laura , Caytan Elsa , Roisnel Thierry , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Favereau Ludovic , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Williams J. A. Gareth , Autschbach Jochen , Crassous Jeanne
Published: January 2023

The photophysical and chiroptical properties of a novel, chiral helicene‐NHC−Re(I) complex bearing an N‐(aza[6]helicenyl)‐benzimidazolylidene ligand are described, showing its ability to emit yellow circularly polarized luminescence. A comparative analysis of this new system with other helicene‐Re(I) complexes reported to date illustrates the impact of structural modifications on the emissive and absorptive properties.
Pharmacokinetics and Comparative Bioavailability of Test or Reference Capecitabine and Discrepant Pharmacokinetics Among Various Tumors in Chinese Solid Cancer Patients
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Cui Dongyang , Xiong Jianping , Dang Qi , Wen Qing , Yan Min , Li Hongxia , Jiang Xiaodong , Lin Cuihong , Xie Xianhe , Wang Teng , Xiang Lisha , Wang Yongsheng , Zheng Li
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) bioequivalence of two capecitabine tablets and explore the different PK profiles of various tumors in Chinese patients with cancer. All 76 patients with a confirmed cancer diagnosis were included in this study. A single dose of 2000 mg of test or reference capecitabine (Xeloda, Hoffmann–La Roche) was orally administered postprandially. After 24 hours of washout, the patients were administered the test or the reference capecitabine alternately. PK samples were taken at the time of predose up to 6 hours postdose. Bioequivalence evaluation was performed using the geometric mean ratios of peak concentration in plasma (Cmax), area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to 6 h (AUC0‐t), and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0‐∞) for capecitabine and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). In this study, 90% confidence intervals of test/reference mean ratios of Cmax, AUC0‐t, AUC0‐∞ of capecitabine and 5‐FU were in the range of 80%–125%. Both the test and reference capecitabine regimens were well tolerated in this study. Furthermore, we found that patients with esophageal‐gastrointestinal cancers had higher exposure to capecitabine and a shorter time to Cmax (Tmax) than those with breast cancer. In conclusion, a single oral dose of 2000 mg of test capecitabine tablets after postprandial administration was bioequivalent to the reference drug.
Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Studies of 2 Metformin Glibenclamide Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Huang Xiaolun , Huang Jiao , Li Xinjing , Chen Lin
Published: January 2023

The rational combination of oral antidiabetic agents is more likely to provide better glycemic control than monotherapy. Metformin glibenclamide tablets can be used as second‐line therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who cannot successfully control their blood glucose levels by diet and exercise plus metformin or sulfonylureas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence and safety of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide tablets (500 mg/5 mg) prepared by 2 different vendors in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions. This is an open‐label, single‐center, randomized, 2‐formulation, 2‐period crossover study. After screening, 40 subjects were enrolled in the fasting trial, while 40 subjects were enrolled in the fed trial. Qualified subjects were randomly assigned to receive a monotherapy dose of 500 mg/5 mg of the test or reference formulation, and after a 1‐week washout period, they took the alternative formulation. Blood samples were collected from 24 blood collection sites per cycle for pharmacokinetic analysis until 36 hours after oral administration. In total, 78 subjects completed the study. Under fasting and fed conditions, the geometric mean ratios of maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) from time 0 to time of last quantifiable drug level , and AUC from time 0 to infinity between the 2 products, as well as the corresponding 90%CIs, were all within the range of 80%–125%. It was found that exposure (AUC from time 0 to infinity) to metformin is decreased by about 25% in the fed state compared to fasting, whereas glibenclamide exposure is increased by about 30% in the fed state. No severe adverse events were observed in the study.
The changing landscape of fundamental alteration determinations
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: January 2023

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act both exclude from otherwise required accommodations those that would fundamentally alter a course or program. Both courts and the Office for Civil Rights defer to academic judgments of universities that deny a requested accommodation as a fundamental alteration — provided universities engage in an academic process to make that determination. Two major court decisions, Wynne v. Tufts, 976 F.2d 791 (1st Cir. 1992) and Guckenberger v. Boston University, 8 F.Supp.2d 82 (D. Mass. 1998), established the framework for fundamental alteration determinations.
Changes in habitat suitability for wintering dabbling ducks during dry conditions in the Central Valley of California
Authors: Conlisk Erin E. , Byrd Kristin B. , Matchett Elliott , Lorenz Austen A. , Casazza Michael , Golet Gregory H. , Reynolds Mark D. , Sesser Kristin A. , Reiter Matthew E.
Published: January 2023

In arid and Mediterranean regions, landscape‐scale wetland conservation requires understanding how wildlife responds to dynamic freshwater availability and conservation actions to enhance wetland habitat. Taking advantage of Landsat satellite data and structured and community science bird survey data, we built species distribution models to describe how three duck species, the Northern Pintail (Anas acuta), Green‐winged Teal (Anas crecca), and Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata), respond to freshwater supply and food resources on different flooded land cover types in the Central Valley of California. Specifically, our models compared duck habitat suitability between the wettest and driest conditions in each month from September through April. Using abundance‐weighted boosted regression trees, we created three sets of species occurrence models based on different covariates: (1) near real‐time (hereafter “real‐time”) covariates in which duck observations were matched to the water availability within the 16‐day window of a Landsat observation, (2) a combination of real‐time covariates and waterfowl food resource covariates describing annual corn and rice biomass and managed wetland moist soil seed yield estimates derived from Landsat data, and (3) long‐term average covariates—the most common approach to species distribution modeling—in which long‐term average surface water availability was used. We modeled the monthly occurrence of three duck species as a function of surface water availability, land cover type, road density, temperature, and bird data source. We found that dry conditions result in reduced habitat suitability, with the biggest reductions in November through January and in agricultural fields; in contrast, suitability of flooded wetland habitat was relatively robust to surface water availability. When models of habitat suitability based on long‐term average climate conditions were compared to models based on real‐time conditions, the highest long‐term suitability values occurred in areas where suitability was high regardless of whether it was a wet or a dry year. While all models performed well, the inclusion of crop and wetland plant yield covariates resulted in slightly higher model performance. Overall, species distribution models created using data on the environmental conditions present at the time of bird observations can aid conservation efforts under extreme conditions over large spatial scales.
Effect of allogeneic adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cell treatment in chronic ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction – the SCIENCE trial
Authors: Qayyum Abbas Ali , van Klarenbosch Bas , Frljak Sabina , Cerar Andraz , Poglajen Gregor , Traxler‐Weidenauer Denise , Nadrowski Pawel , Paitazoglou Christina , Vrtovec Bojan , Bergmann Martin W. , Chamuleau Steven A. J. , Wojakowski Wojtek , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Kraaijeveld Adriaan , Hansen Kristian Schultz , Vrangbæk Karsten , Jørgensen Erik , Helqvist Steffen , Joshi Francis Richard , Johansen Ellen Mønsted , Follin Bjarke , Juhl Morten , Højgaard Lisbeth Drozd , Mathiasen Anders Bruun , Ekblond Annette , Haack‐Sørensen Mandana , Kastrup Jens ,   the SCIENCE Investigators
Published: January 2023

Aims

The aim of the SCIENCE trial was to investigate whether a single treatment with direct intramyocardial injections of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (CSCC_ASCs) was safe and improved cardiac function in patients with chronic ischaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

The study was a European multicentre, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase II trial using allogeneic CSCC_ASCs from healthy donors or placebo (2:1 randomization). Main inclusion criteria were New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II–III, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <45%, and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels >300 pg/ml. CSCC_ASCs or placebo (isotonic saline) were injected directly into viable myocardium. The primary endpoint was change in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) at 6‐month follow‐up measured by echocardiography. A total of 133 symptomatic HFrEF patients were included. The treatment was safe without any drug‐related severe adverse events or difference in cardiac‐related adverse events during a 3‐year follow‐up period. There were no significant differences between groups during follow‐up in LVESV (0.3 ± 5.0 ml, p = 0.945), nor in secondary endpoints of left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (−2.0 ± 6.0 ml, p = 0.736) and LVEF (−1.6 ± 1.0%, p = 0.119). The NYHA class improved slightly within the first year in both groups without any difference between groups. There were no changes in 6‐min walk test, NT‐proBNP, C‐reactive protein or quality of life the first year in any groups.

Conclusion

The SCIENCE trial demonstrated safety of intramyocardial allogeneic CSCC_ASC therapy in patients with chronic HFrEF. However, it was not possible to improve the pre‐defined endpoints and induce restoration of cardiac function or clinical symptoms.
Classical DC2 subsets and monocyte‐derived DC: Delineating the developmental and functional relationship
Authors: Backer Ronald A. , Probst Hans Christian , Clausen Björn E.
Published: January 2023

To specifically tailor immune responses to a given pathogenic threat, dendritic cells (DC) are highly heterogeneous and comprise many specialized subtypes, including conventional DC (cDC) and monocyte‐derived DC (MoDC), each with distinct developmental and functional characteristics. However, the functional relationship between cDC and MoDC is not fully understood, as the overlapping phenotypes of certain type 2 cDC (cDC2) subsets and MoDC do not allow satisfactory distinction of these cells in the tissue, particularly during inflammation. However, precise cDC2 and MoDC classification is required for studies addressing how these diverse cell types control immune responses and is therefore currently one of the major interests in the field of cDC research. This review will revise murine cDC2 and MoDC biology in the steady state and under inflammatory conditions and discusses the commonalities and differences between ESAMlo cDC2, inflammatory cDC2, and MoDC and their relative contribution to the initiation, propagation, and regulation of immune responses.
Asthma and allergic diseases: Cross talk of immune system and environmental factors
Authors: Beerweiler Claudia C. , Masanetz Rebecca K. , Schaub Bianca
Published: January 2023

Air pollution and immune‐related diseases including allergy and asthma are constantly on the rise worldwide. Thus, a comprehensive investigation of environmentally induced immune regulation is required for a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis, progression as well as prevention. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on environmental factors such as microbiome or geographical locations with harmful or protective effects for human health and their different routes of exposure. This review comprises a brief outline regarding the latest findings on the interaction of environmental factors with innate and adaptive regulation of the immune system, exemplarily for one protective and one harmful environmental factor, respectively.
Fabrication of Defect‐Engineered MOF‐801 Membrane for Efficient Dye Rejection
Authors: Yan Fuyuan , Yan Jiahui , Sun Yanwei , Ji Taotao , He Yongfu , Guo Xinwen , Liu Yi
Published: January 2023

Although having shown great promise for efficient water treatment, rational structural design and engineering of polycrystalline MOF membranes remain rarely investigated so far. In this study, we prepared well‐intergrown MOF‐801 membranes with tailorable structural deficiencies in the framework for application in dye rejection. Of particular note, we found that the addition of formic acid as modulator led to the formation of MOF‐801 membrane with higher missing‐linker number, which was beneficial for increasing water flux with little compromise in dye rejection rate. The MOF‐801 membrane prepared in this work exhibited excellent dye rejection performance (CR rejection rate of 99.50 % and water flux of 31.69 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) as well as excellent long‐term stability.
Research on the prediction and relationship between academic attention and network attention in chemistry teaching
Authors: Song Rui , Li Mingjiang , Zhao Yulin , Liu Kai , Li Junke , Zhou Jincheng
Published: January 2023

In order to adapt to the development of modern education and provide education practitioners with decision‐making suggestions, it is necessary to understand the relationship between the public's attention to basic chemistry education (BCE) and academic attention. However, many existing research is based on a single platform to study social hot information, such as Google Index, Baidu Index, Web of Science, and so on. But they ignore the relationship that exists between the Baidu Index and related academic platforms, and ignore the common information reflected between them. This paper takes advantage of the big data method, through the big data of Baidu Index and the big data obtained from China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) database, to study the network attention and academic attention of BCE, and propose a CVS‐LSP‐GP framework. It first selects keywords through correlation analysis, secondly uses the data obtained from the first step to construct a nonlinear regression model, and finally combines the results of gray prediction to predict the academic attention of CNKI related to BCE. The research results show that the BCE is mainly affected by the micro‐lecture teaching mode, and relevant education practitioners should integrate the micro‐lecture mode into teaching for more further research and practice.
Theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigation on the compliance and natural frequency of sinusoidal flexure hinges
Authors: Wang Qiliang , Long Yiping , Wei Jianming , Hu Junfeng , Yang Youwen
Published: January 2023

To design a flexure hinge with high precision and high natural frequency, the sinusoidal flexure hinge is proposed in this article. First, the formulae for the compliance and precision factors of the hinge were derived based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the Gauss–Legendre quadrature formula. The natural frequency was also investigated based on the transfer matrix method. Compared with the simulation results of ANSYS Workbench, the results show that the modeling error is less than 6.7%. Second, the influence of structural parameters on compliance, precision factor, compliance precision ratio, and natural frequency was analyzed. The results show that compliance and precision are often contradictory, and the minimum thickness significantly influences the hinge's performance. Compared with conic flexure hinges in terms of compliance, precision, compliance precision ratios, and natural frequency, the sinusoidal flexure hinges have a better comprehensive performance. Finally, a flexure hinge was manufactured, and compliance was measured. The experimental results show that the error between the experimental value and the modeling value is 7.8%. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the sinusoidal flexure hinge model.
Performance recovery of a repaired 4‐storey reinforced concrete structure subjected to shake‐table testing
Authors: Shegay Alex V. , Miura Kota , Akira Mikawa , Maeda Masaki , Seki Matsutaro
Published: January 2023

Understanding the effects of repair on reinforced concrete (RC) structures is critical to evaluating their performance in future earthquakes. In this research, a system‐level approach is taken by repairing a previously damaged ¼ scale 4‐storey RC structure and subjecting it to a series of dynamic excitations via shake table testing. The repair was undertaken using common construction materials with the primary motivation of restoring original performance. The performance of the repaired structure was compared to that of the original structure prior to repairs. It was found that overall initial stiffness of the structure was recovered to 66% of the original initial stiffness and was generally higher in floors where more intensive repair works were undertaken. Damping capacity was quantified via equivalent viscous damping ratio using three different methods. Regardless of the calculation method, the damping capacity recovery was around 80% for low‐moderate drifts and 100% for high drifts. While collapse was not induced in the structure, drift ratio demands of over 5% could be achieved both before and after repairs, suggesting a full practical recovery of deformation capacity. Structural strength of the repaired structure was found to be 17% higher than that of the original structure.
The role of expectations for currency crisis dynamics—The case of the Turkish lira
Authors: Beckmann Joscha , Czudaj Robert L.
Published: January 2023

This paper examines whether and how expectations have contributed to the turbulent path of the Turkish lira since 2008. We derive uncertainty measures surrounding gross domestic product (GDP) growth, inflation, the interest rate, and exchange rates based on survey data from Consensus Economics. Our results illustrate that forecasts have affected realized exchange rates and stock market returns via increased uncertainty. We also show that expectations regarding monetary policy have changed throughout the sample period. In line with, a gradual adjustment of expectations professionals have accounted for the violation of the Taylor rule.
Coastal changes and human occupation in the eastern part of Thessaloniki Bay: Geoarchaeological investigations of Toumba Gona
Authors: Niebieszczański Jakub , Hildebrandt‐Radke Iwona , Czebreszuk Janusz , Bahyrycz Cezary , Vouvalidis Konstantinos , Syrides Georgios , Tsourlos Panagiotis , Pappa Maria , Andreou Stylianos
Published: January 2023

The Holocene marine transgression in the Aegean Sea area has significantly impacted prehistoric societies. Toumba Gona is a tell site located at the mouth of the Anthemous River, east of Thessaloniki Bay. According to earlier research, the site should be dated at most to the late stage of the Early Bronze Age. Geoarchaeological research by means of electrical resistivity tomography, vibra‐coring, sedimentological analysis, and radiocarbon dating shows, however, that the direct proximity of the site witnessed the maximum marine transgression around 3000–2500 BC and the human habitation phase before the 3rd millennium BC, before the transgression. The coastline began to recede due to the delta progradation, which resulted in the formation of extensive marshes to the south of the Toumba. The increased fluvial activity since the end of the 4th millennium BC is relatable with the progradation of the Anthemous River's bay head delta. Human occupation was recorded before and after the marine transgression thus suggesting human persistence in the coastline environment.
Astrocytic Kir4.1 channels regulate locomotion by orchestrating neuronal rhythmicity in the spinal network
Authors: Barbay Tony , Pecchi Emilie , Ducrocq Myriam , Rouach Nathalie , Brocard Frédéric , Bos Rémi
Published: January 2023

Neuronal rhythmogenesis in the spinal cord is correlated with variations in extracellular K+ levels ([K+]e). Astrocytes play important role in [K+]e homeostasis and compute neuronal information. Yet it is unclear how neuronal oscillations are regulated by astrocytic K+ homeostasis. Here we identify the astrocytic inward‐rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 (a.k.a. Kcnj10) as a key molecular player for neuronal rhythmicity in the spinal central pattern generator (CPG). By combining two‐photon calcium imaging with electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry and genetic tools, we report that astrocytes display Ca2+ transients before and during oscillations of neighboring neurons. Inhibition of astrocytic Ca2+ transients with BAPTA decreases the barium‐sensitive Kir4.1 current responsible of K+ clearance. Finally, we show in mice that Kir4.1 knockdown in astrocytes progressively prevents neuronal oscillations and alters the locomotor pattern resulting in lower motor performances in challenging tasks. These data identify astroglial Kir4.1 channels as key regulators of neuronal rhythmogenesis in the CPG driving locomotion.
The regulatory roles of socio‐economic status, social and intellectual activity in the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive decline trajectory in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Cheng Fang , Ju Yanli , Chen Xueyu , Jia Hongying
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive decline, and to further explore the potential regulatory role of education, socio‐economic status (SES), and social or intellectual activity in this relationship.

Methods

6197 participants aged 45–75 years with four repeated measures data from 2011 to 2018 were included. A mixed‐effect model was used to explore the relationship between alcohol consumption and the rate of change in cognitive decline, a latent class growth mixed model (LCGMM) was applied to determine the potential trajectory of cognitive decline, and finally, the mediating and moderating analyses were used to determine the regulatory effect of all four variables on the relationship between alcohol consumption and potential trajectory.

Results

Compared to never‐drinkers, moderate alcohol consumption was a protective factor for overall cognitive function (β = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04–0.20, p < 0.001), but there was no statistical correlation with the decline rate of cognitive function. And this protective effect was no longer significant after additional adjustments for education, SES, social and intellectual activity. The LCGMM model divided participants into two trajectories, a high‐level‐to‐decline group including 79.75% of participants (quadratic: β [SE]: −0.90 [0.07], p < 0.001), and a low‐level‐to‐decline group including 20.25% participants (linear: β [SE]: −3.05 [0.49], p < 0.001). With the latter as the reference, SES played a reverse regulation role in the harmful effect of heavy drinking on cognitive trajectories (odd ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23–0.93, p < 0.05). Social and intellectual activities played a negative mediating role in the harmful effect of alcohol consumption on cognitive trajectories (light: OR = 0.96, p < 0.001; moderate: OR = 0.96, p < 0.001; heavy: OR = 0.97, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Alcohol itself has no protective effect on the decline of longitudinal cognitive trajectory. But the regulatory effect of SES, social and intellectual activities slows down the harm of alcohol consumption on the decline of cognitive function.

Clinical Trial Registration

The data used in this study are from publicly available databases. They are retrospective cohort studies without any intervention. Therefore, no clinical trial registration has been conducted.
Genomic profiling and precision medicine in complex ameloblastoma
Authors: Gates James C. , Clark Allison P. , Cherkas Elliot , Shreenivas Aditya V. , Kraus Dennis , Danzinger Natalie , Huang Richard S. P. , Johnson Jennifer , Ross Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2023

Background

Ameloblastoma may present a significant treatment challenge in the locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic setting. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) can identify targetable genomic alterations to aid in treatment.

Methods

Ameloblastoma samples were sequenced using hybrid‐capture based sequencing. A systematic literature review was performed to examine outcomes in studies employing targeted treatment in ameloblastoma.

Results

We reviewed 14 cases of Ameloblastoma using CGP. There were six patients with activating BRAF mutations, five with PIK3CA, five with SMO, four with FGFR2, one with EGFR, and one with ROS1. All cases were MSI stable and the median TMB was 2.5 mutations/Mb. A separate literature review of clinical outcomes in ameloblastoma showed a predominance of at least partial response to targeted treatment (7/12 cases).

Conclusion

CGP is helpful in identifying specific driver mutations in patients with complex ameloblastoma. Targeted treatment has been employed with success in achieving treatment response.
Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Iranian SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes: A phylogenomic study
Authors: Aliabadi Nasrin , Jamaliduost Marzieh , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Marandi Nahid H. , Ziyaeyan Mazyar
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim

Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) based on analyzing the evolution and mutations of viruses is crucial for tracking viral infections, potential mutants, and other pathogens. The purpose was to study the complete sequences of SARS‐CoV‐2 to reveal genetic distance and mutation rate among different provinces of Iran.

Methods

As of March 2020–April 2021, a total of 131 SARS‐CoV‐2 whole genome sequences submitted from Tehran and 133 SARS‐CoV‐2 full‐length sequences from 24 cities with high coverage submitted to EpiCoV GISAID database were analyzed to infer clades and mutation annotation compared with the wild‐type variant Wuhan‐Hu‐1.

Results

The results of variant annotation were revealed 11,204 and 9468 distinct genomes were identified among the samples from different cities and Tehran, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of genomic sequences showed the presence of eight GISAID clades, namely GH, GR, O, GRY, G, GK, L, and GV, and six Nextstrain clades; that is, 19A, 20A, 20B, 20I (alpha, V1), 20H (Beta, V2), and 21I (Delta) in Iran. The GH (GISAID clade), 20A (Nextstrain clade), and B.1 (Pango lineage) were predominant in Iran. Notably, analysis of the spike protein revealed D614G mutation (S_D614G) in 56% of the sequences. Also, the delta variant of the coronavirus, the super‐infectious strain that was first identified among the sequences submitted from the southern cities of the country such as Zahedan, Yazd and Bushehr, and most likely from these places to other cities of Iran as well has expanded.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that most of the circulated viruses in Iran in the early time of the pandemic had collected in eight GISAID clades. Therefore, a continuous and extensive genome sequence analysis would be necessary to understand the genomic epidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Iran.