bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Unreliability of Output-Gap Estimates in Real Time
Authors: Ahsan Ul Haq Satti  , Wasim Shahid Malik
Published: September 2018

Most research on monetary policy assumes availability of information regarding the current state of economy, at the time of the policy decision. A key challenge for policy-makers is to find indicators that give a clear and precise signal of the state of the economy in real time—that is, when policy decisions are actually taken. One of the indicators used to asses the economic condition is the output gap; and the estimates of output gap from real time data misrepresents the true state of economy. So the policy decisions taken on the basis of real time noisy data are proved wrong when true data become available. Within this context we find evidence of wrong estimates of output gap in real time data. This is done by comparing estimates of output gap based on real time data with that in the revised data. The quasi real time data are also constructed such that the difference between estimates of output gap from real time data and that from quasi real time data reflects data revision and the difference between estimates of output gap from final data and that from quasi real time data portray other revisions including end sample bias. Moreover, output gap is estimated with the help of five methods namely the linear trend method, quadratic trend method, Hordrick-Prescott (HP) filter, production function method, and structural vector autoregressive method. Results indicate that the estimates of output gap in real time data are different from what have been found in final data but other revisions, compared to data revisions, are found more significant. Moreover, the output gap measured using all the methods, except the linear trend method, appropriately portray the state of economy in the historical context. It is also found that recessions can be better predicted by real time data instead of revised data, and final data show more intensity of recession compared with what has been shown in real time data. JEL Classification: E320 Keywords: Data Uncertainty, Measurement Uncertainty, Output Gap, Business Cycle, Economic Activity
L’invalidità del Safe Harbor Agreement
Authors: Accardo Fabiana
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this article is that to explain the impact of the landmark decision Schrems c. Data Protection Commissioner [Ireland] - delivered on 7 October 2015 (Case C-362/2014 EU) by the Court of Justice - on the European scenario. Starting from a brief analysis of the major outcomes originated from the pronunciation of the Court of Justice, then it tries to study the level of criticality that the Safe Harbor Agreement and the subsequently adequacy Commission decision 2000/520/EC – that has been invalidated with Schrems judgment – have provoked before this pronunciation on the matter of safeguarding personal privacy of european citizens when their personal data are transferred outside the European Union, in particular the reference is at the US context. Moreover it focuses on the most important aspects of the new EU-US agreement called Privacy Shield: it can be really considered the safer solution for data sharing in the light of the closer implementation of the Regulation (EU) 2016/679, which will take the place of the Directive 95 /46/CE on the EU data protection law?
KESANTUNAN GURU DAN SISWA PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SEKOLAH BILINGUAL
Authors: Dewi Rosinawati , Suwandi Sarwiji , Sulistyo Edy Tri
Published: September 2018

The purposes of this study are to explain (1) the form of politeness principles by language teacher languages and female students in the learning process of Indonesian language at SMA Al Abidin Bilingual Boarding School (SMA ABBS), (2) violation to politeness principle of female teachers and female students in learning process of Indonesian learning in SMA ABBS.  Using qualitative approach, this study assigned the 2nd graders of SMA ABBS as the research subjet. Data were collected using recording techniques. Validity in this study was examined using method triangulation. Results of this study show five varieties of politeness principles including maxim of tact, generousity, praise, humanity and consciousness and the violations of the five maxims do occur in learning process of Indonesian language among teachers and female students.
Assessment Model In The Effort Of Eficiency Improvement Of AAC Production In Kalla Block Company
Authors: suradi  , Abbas Hammada
Published: September 2018

Abstract— The study that is conducted aims to: modelers in an effort to improve the efficiency of AAC production of Kalla Block Company without increasing or decreasing the amount of labor. The results of AAC model of production process development is analyzed from the desired workload analysis that is how much the burden must be borne by workers, whether there is excess labor or vice versa. From the analysis result, it is found that the measurement of workload of WLA method in process / section 1 is obtained by workload value of 101,2% (> 100%). This means that the number and workload of operator is above normal, or there is labor shortage. While the workload measurement method of TW on process / section 1 is obtained the value of workload of 94.35% (<100%) this means the number of workload below normal or excess labor. The difference of Work Load Analysis (WLA) and Wakui (TW) Work Load Analysis (WWA) method calculations lies in the adjustment factor in which the WLA method uses adjustment factors by using the Westinghouse adjustment factor and the leniency factor, based on working conditions such as lighting conditions, ambient temperature and noise . While TW method uses an adjustment factor by arguing that the operator is working reasonably then the adjustment price equals 1 (p = 1).
Pengaruh Penayangan Film Animasi 3D Trailer Terhadap Recall Audience Di Blitz Harbour Bay Mall Batam
Authors: Putri Weni Lestari
Published: September 2018

This research is done in Cinema Blitz Harbour Bay Mall Batam. And under study is views 3D Animation Trailer for recall audience. And can see the extent of its influence. The model of this research is quantitative. Judging from the number of visitors and visitor attraction to the views of 3D animation trailer how many visitors are present. How it felt itself. From the definition 3D animation Trailer Includes synopsis of the film fullnya. And of itself adalh Audience Recall appeal the significant effect in terms of whether or not these two variables. The researchers also wanted to examine both the variable and its object in Blitz Harbour bay mall Batam. Through dedication and research institutes community (SBRC) University lecturer Son Batam this I could research and develop the knowledge I ampu for this.
EVALUASI TERHADAP PROGRAM FRANCHISE STUDI KASUS ALFAMART DAN INDOMARET
Authors: Maryadi
Published: September 2018

in Indonesia, system business by francise start to expand since year 1970 an. At the moment have a lot of foreign Franchise is which step into the Indonesia, good in commerce of goods of mupun service. This article is made by on the basis of progressively expand it effort using system Franchise, specially at effort service retail. Type Franchie we to present in this article is unit Franchising, what showing at gift of rights of took of grocery and also retailer. In this article is we will compare the franchise pursuant to terori as well as franchise pursuant to existing fact. We also compare between 2 company developing its effort by franchise that is Indomaret and Alfamart. In this article will be studied by congeniality from franchise itself and also side and conditions in opening effort by Franchise system.
Kuis sebagai Media Pewartaan Kitab Suci bagi Kaum Muda Katolik
Authors: Dewantara Agustinus
Published: September 2018

Theological inquiry and Holy Bible preaching are not the activities of reading. It would be a human area that Bible must explored more and more. Especially for the adolescent, the preaching of Bible must serve the dynamization of them. In this context, known that study and preaching The Holy Bible is the problem of methodology. Quiz is the one between any methods of teaching to young peoples. They are familiar, fun, and full of knowledge. This paper will punctuate the option for us to apply quiz in adolescental catechesis. Church must be helped in according to preach the value of faith for young people. Teaching with quiz may be the effective evangelization.
PENGARUH GAJI, BONUS, DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. BANK SULSELBAR KANTOR PUSAT MAKASSAR
Authors: Maryadi
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh gaji, bonus, fasilitas terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Kantor Pusat Makassar. Pada penelitian ini yang menjadi populasi adalah seluruh karyawan pada PT. Bank Sulselbar Kantor Pusat Makassar. Untuk kantor pusat PT. Bank Sulselbar memiliki 189 karyawan yang terbagi atas 175 pegawai organik dan 14 pegawai kontrak. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Slovin. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, koesioner, dan studi dokumentasi. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Metode analisis data dengan menggunakan SPSS, Multiple Linear Regression/Regresi Linear Berganda, uji validitas, uji reliabilitas dan uji Hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Gaji mempunyai pengaruh yang positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan. Hal tersebut dilihat dari tanggapan responden bahwa masih ada bebarapa responden yang masih belum puas dengan gaji yang didapatkan dan berharap gaji yang diberikan bisa dinaikkan lagi untuk mencukupi kebutuhan mereka sehingga dapat meningkatkan motivasi mereka dalam bekerja, (2) Bonus mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan. Hal tersebut dilihat dari tanggapan responden bahwa dengan adanya tambahan bonus yang diberikan mereka dapat memiliki motivasi kerja yang tinggi. Dengan begitu kebutuhan mereka tercukupi dengan adanya tambahan bonus diluar gaji yang telah diberikan, (3) Fasilitas mempunyai pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja karyawan. Hal tersebut dilihat dari tanggapan responden bahwa dengan adanya fasilitas yang nyaman dalam bekerja maka mereka dapat memiliki motivasi kerja yang tinggi.
Surveys in Games User Research
Authors: Brühlmann Florian , Mekler Elisa D
Published: September 2018

Surveys are an essential method of data collection that can deliver generalizable and actionable insights about the player’s experience. In this chapter, we present practice- oriented guidance about when the method is appropriate, what constitutes a good questionnaire, and how to alleviate possible biases and issues with data quality.
Translational Value of Nonhuman Primate Models of Antagonism
Authors: Palumbo Isabella , Latzman Robert D
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview, albeit brief, of the existing literature on personality, specifically antagonism, in nonhuman primates and to suggest directions for future research.
Building a Personalized College Major Selection Web Page
Authors: Boyd Ryan L. , Pennebaker James W.
Published: September 2018

Nearly 25% of incoming UT-Austin students are unable to get their first two choices for a college major. Historically, these students have been given an extensive list of all potential majors from which to choose. Many students simply lack awareness of the various majors and have no background knowledge that could be helpful in determining whether specific majors would suit their interests or skills.The purpose of this project was to rely on students’ admissions essays to provide a more coherent and tailored set of recommendations when students are selecting an alternative college major. The logic underlying this project is based on decades of empirical research demonstrating that psychological information can be extracted from the language of students’ admissions essays via automated computer analyses. The results of these analyses can then be used to inform the “college major options” webpage so that potential majors most closely aligned with their interests and skills will be displayed first in a recommendation system.
Comparative Study of Intra Operative Blood Sugar Level in Spinal Anesthesia and General Anesthesia in Patients undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: Bajracharya Akriti , Sharma Surendra Mohan , Bawa Surinder Nath , Rajbanshi Lalit Kumar , Arjyal Batsalya
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The aim of the study was to carry out the comparative study of variations in blood glucose levels intra operatively in patients undergoing surgical procedures in Spinal Anesthesia and General Anesthesia by capillary blood glucose level.Objective: To compare intra operative blood glucose level in Spinal and General Anesthesia.Methodology: Sixty non diabetic patients (30 in each group) aged between 20 – 60 years belonging to ASA I and ASA II status were enrolled for this prospective comparative study. Capillary blood glucose was measured preoperatively and thereafter at 15 minutes interval after incision in Spinal Anesthesia and after induction of General Anesthesia till one hour of surgery. For statistical analysis paired sample t – test was used for comparing mean of quantitative data. Difference was considered statistically significant if p < 0.05.Results: Blood sugar level was well controlled in patients receiving spinal anesthesia. General anesthesia produced more increase in blood sugar level compared to base line value which was statistically significant (P<0.05). Similarly, Glycaemia was significantly higher in the General anesthesia group (p < 0.05) when compared with Spinal Anesthesia group suggesting poor control of stress response during general anesthesia.Conclusion: Based on capillary blood glucose level, spinal anesthesia proved more effective in suppressing stress response as compared to general anesthesia in elective surgical patients. BJHS 2018;3(2)6: 458-462
Conventional Approach for Fabrication of Orbital Prosthesis: A Case Report
Authors: Singh Tanuja , Mathema Suraj Ram Bhakta , Manandhar Pratik
Published: September 2018

Facial defect rehabilitation is a very critical task which requires personalized design of the prosthesis for each patient. Eyes are vital organ not only for vision but also for the facial expression. Disfigurement due to loss of an eye and associated structures may cause physical and psychological distress to the patient. Rehabilitating such patient with a removable orbital prosthesis is an economical and patient-friendly procedure which restores the patient's social as well as the cosmetic value. The present article describes a conventional technique for the fabrication of a spectacle retained acrylic resin orbital prosthesis providing accurate and effective rehabilitation.  BJHS 2018;3(2)6:495-499.
Spathe morphology of Commelina L. (Commelinaceae) of India in relation to Taxonomy
Authors: Joseph Sheba M. , Nampy Santosh
Published: September 2018

Commelina L., the largest genus of Commelinaceae, is easily distinguished from related genera by inflorescence subtended in a folded bract (spathe). The position, number, size, shape, hairiness, cincinnus number and peduncle length of the spathe are useful in species delimitation. In the present investigation, twenty four species of Commelina occurring in India are studied for spathe characters and their significance in taxonomy is discussed. A key for the identification of all species based on spathe characters is also provided.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2015) 9: 1–11
Die Zukunft des Karosseriebaus: maximal flexibel
Authors: Cüppers Martin
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Zentrale Hemmnisse für die Flexibilisierung, Wandlungs- und Integrationsfähigkeit von Karosseriebauanlagen sind die Aufbaulinien und die Bauteillogistik. Inzwischen ist es uns gelungen, das Szenario eines zukünftigen Karosseriebaus, der allen absehbaren Anforderungen gerecht wird, in einem Layout zu beschreiben. Dafür wurden die heutigen Restriktionen und Hemmnisse analysiert, Alternativlösungen ermittelt und zu einem schlüssigen Gesamtbild entwickelt: der „Boxenstoppfertigung“. Diese ermöglicht die Unabhängigkeit der Karosseriefertigung von spezifischen Produktanforderungen und gewährleistet maximale Flexibilität.
Status quo Shopfloor Management
Authors: Pötters Patrick , Schindler Philipp , Leyendecker Bert
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Trotz einer bereits weitestgehenden Etablierung von Shopfloor Management (SFM) in der Produktion wird im administrativen Bereich oftmals keine Aussage über den Verbreitungsgrad von SFM getroffen. Durch eine quantitative Befragung in der Industrie mittels eines Online-Fragebogens soll dieser Beitrag den Status quo von SFM in deutschen Industrieunternehmen aufzeigen. Wie erwartet wird SFM in der Produktion gut beherrscht und angewendet. Doch in administrativen Bereichen und zum Thema Digitalisierung befindet es sich noch in den Kinderschuhen.
Kostenoptimierte Herstellung sicherheitskritischer Bauteile
Authors: Hermann Lennard , Schlegel Peter , Müller Johannes , Rey Jan , Bergs Thomas , Schmitt Robert H.
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Sicherheitskritische Bauteile sind durch einen hohen Anteil der Qualitätskosten an den Herstellungskosten gekennzeichnet. Ein Funktionalitätsnachweis ist aufgrund gesetzlicher Auflagen in vielen Fällen verpflichtend, wie z. B. in der Luftfahrt oder Medizintechnik. Es wird ein Vorgehen zur integrativen Gestaltung der Fertigungsplanung und der Prüfplanung vorgestellt, welches durch die Berücksichtigung der Fertigungshistorie und die Nutzung mathematischer Modelle eine kostenoptimierte Auslegung von Fertigungsprozess- und Prüffolgen ermöglicht.
Unsettling the Land
Authors: Burow Paul Berne , Brock Sandra , Dove Michael R.
Published: September 2018

This article examines different ontologies of land in settler colonialism and Indigenous movements for decolonization and environmental justice. Settler ontologies of land operate by occluding other modes of perceiving, representing, and experiencing land. Indigenous ontologies of land are commonly oriented around relationality and reciprocal obligations among humans and the other-than-human. Drawing together scholarship from literatures in political economy, political ecology, Indigenous studies, and post-humanism, we synthesize an approach to thinking with land to understand structures of dispossession and the possibilities for Indigenous revitalization through ontological hybridity. Using two different case studies—plantation development in Indonesia and land revitalization in the Confederated Salish & Kootenai Nation—we further develop how settler and Indigenous ontologies operate on the ground, illuminating the coexistence of multiple ontologies of land. Given the centrality of land in settler colonialism, hybrid ontologies are important to Indigenous movements seeking to simultaneously strengthen sovereignty over territory and revitalize land-based practices.
Penggunaan Multimedia Interaktif Model Simulasi Untuk Meningkatkan kemampuan Analisis Mahasiswa di IPI Garut. (Quasi Eksperimen pada Praktikum Fisiologi Hewan Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi IPI Garut)
Authors: Nurkamilah Mrs Siti
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini didasarkan pada rendahnya kemampuan analisis mahasiswa di IPI Garut. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, dilakukan penelitian dalam perkuliahan praktikum Fisiologi Hewan dengan menggunakan multimedia interaktif model simulasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji masalah peningkatan kemampuan analisis mahasiswa yang menggunakan multimedia interaktif dengan mahasiswa yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan pengambilan sampelnya menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Populasi penelitian ini adalah semua mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi yang mengambil mata kuliah Fisiologi Hewan tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa kelas B dengan kelas C. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa tes kemampuan analisis. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif. Analisis data Kemampuan analisis dilakukan dengan uji Mann Whitney-U untuk pretes dan N-Gain. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Peningkatan kemampuan analisis mahasiswa yang menggunakan multimedia interkatif model simulasi lebih baik daripada mahasiswa yang tidak menggunakan multimedia interaktif dalam praktikum fisiologi hewan mengenai sistem pencernaan pada Paramecium sp di IPI Garut. Berdasarkan  hasil penelitian, diajukan saran agar Multimedia interaktif model simulasi dapat digunakan dalam  praktikum di Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan analisis mahasiswa, khususnya dalam aspek mengorganisasikan. Kemudian, pada penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengkaji penggunaan multimedia interaktif model simulasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam kawasan lainnya, baik itu dalam kawasan afektif maupun psikomotorik.
Thermophysical Analysis of Water Based (Cu–Al2O3) Hybrid Nanofluid in an Asymmetric Channel with Dilating/Squeezing Walls Considering Different Shapes of Nanoparticles
Authors: Saba Fitnat , Ahmed Naveed , Khan Umar , Waheed Asif , Rafiq Muhammad , Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef
Published: September 2018

An innovative concept of water-based Cu–Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid has been employed to investigate the behavior of flow and heat transfer inside a rectangular channel whose permeable walls experiences dilation or contraction in height. The transformed set of ordinary differential equations is then solved by a well-known Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg algorithm. The analysis also includes three different shapes of copper nanocomposites, namely, platelet, cylinder and brick- shaped. The impact of various embedded parameters on the flow and heat transfer distributions have been demonstrated through the graphs. All the flow properties, temperature profile and rate of heat transfer at the walls are greatly influenced by the presence of copper nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was observed that the platelet shaped nanocomposites provide a better heat transfer ability as compared to the other shapes of nanoparticles.
Influence of Thickness and Lateral Size of Graphene Nanoplatelets on Water Uptake in Epoxy/Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Prolongo Silvia G. , Jiménez-Suárez Alberto , Moriche Rocío , Ureña Alejandro
Published: September 2018

In this study, the hydrothermal resistance of an epoxy resin (aircraft quality) reinforced with graphene is analyzed. Different geometries and aspect ratios (thickness and lateral dimensions) of graphene nanoplatelets were studied. The addition of these graphene nanoplatelets induces important advantages, such as an increase of the glass transition temperature and stiffness and an enhancement of barrier properties of the epoxy matrix, in spite of the excellent behavior of pristine resin. The effectiveness of graphene nanoplatelets increases with their specific surface area while their dispersion degree is suitable. Thinner nanoplatelets tend to wrinkle, decreasing their efficiency as nanofillers. Graphene used as reinforcement not only reduces the absorbed moisture content but also decreases its effect on the thermal and mechanical properties related to the matrix.
Surgical Resection Versus Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Stage I NSCLC: Can Randomized Trials Provide the Solution?
Authors: Subramanian Melanie P. , Meyers Bryan F.
Published: September 2018

Surgical resection has traditionally been considered the standard of care for patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With the introduction of stereotactic radiation body therapy (SBRT), there is now a viable option for medically inoperable patients with stage I NSCLC. The effectiveness of SBRT in patients with stage I disease but at elevated surgical risk is unknown. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been attempted to compare surgical resection and SBRT in this population, but have been aborted due to poor patient enrollment. Despite these failures, there still remains a push for more RCTs. In this commentary, we review the challenges that RCTs face in their ability to appropriately compare these two therapies.
Solar Fuels by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: From Understanding Chemical Bases to Process Development
Authors: Olivo Alberto , Zanardo Danny , Ghedini Elena , Menegazzo Federica , Signoretto Michela
Published: September 2018

The development of sustainable yet efficient technologies to store solar light into high energy molecules, such as hydrocarbons and hydrogen, is a pivotal challenge in 21st century society. In the field of photocatalysis, a wide variety of chemical routes can be pursued to obtain solar fuels but the two most promising are carbon dioxide photoreduction and photoreforming of biomass-derived substrates. Despite their great potentialities, these technologies still need to be improved to represent a reliable alternative to traditional fuels, in terms of both catalyst design and photoreactor engineering. This review highlights the chemical fundamentals of different photocatalytic reactions for solar fuels production and provides a mechanistic insight on proposed reaction pathways. Also, possible cutting-edge strategies to obtain solar fuels are reported, focusing on how the chemical bases of the investigated reaction affect experimental choices.
Integrative Pediatrics: Successful Implementation of Integrative Medicine in a German Hospital Setting—Concept and Realization
Authors: Eckert Marion , Amarell Catharina , Anheyer Dennis , Cramer Holger , Dobos Gustav
Published: September 2018

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has not been systematically institutionalized in pediatric hospital care in Germany so far. For the responsible implementation and systematic evaluation of CAM in pediatric care, a model project was initialized in three different pediatric hospitals in Germany, one of them being the “Kinderkrankenhaus St. Marien” in Landshut, Germany. During this project, a concept of the implementation process was developed based on clinical care, teaching, and scientific evaluation. A project group was formed in St. Marien, which included leaders of the hospital, physicians, nurses, and physiotherapists. Over a period of three years, pediatric treatment modalities of the CAM-spectrum were systematically integrated into routine pediatric care and a new integrative medicine department was established. CAM is now being applied in an inpatient as well as outpatient setting, in addition to conventional medical treatments. The modalities now applied include Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), relaxation, hypnosis, reflexology, wraps and poultices, aromatherapy, homeopathy, yoga, and herbal medicine. Studies were initiated in some areas. The process and concept leading up to this successful implementation will be described in this article. We show that with motivated team players and structured proceedings, implementation of integrative medicine in a children’s hospital can be successful.
Assessment of Different Root Canal Preparation Techniques with Rotary Nickel-Titanium Instruments by Novice Students
Authors: Bartols Andreas , Christofzik David W. , Krummel Matthias , Friedrichs Christian , Pousset Tim , Größner-Schreiber Birte , Dörfer Christof E.
Published: September 2018

This study investigated which preparation strategy for root canals leads to the best technical preparation quality, and moreover, which is perceived to be performed best by novice students. Sixty-four students were recruited to prepare one simulated root canal with each of the following: FlexMaster files (F), Mtwo files (M), and Reciproc files (R). After preparation, the students assessed the different instrument systems through a questionnaire. The technical quality of the root canal preparations was evaluated by the centering ratio of the preparation. A total of 186 prepared root canals were submitted for evaluation. With R, significantly better centered preparations were achieved when compared to M and F (p < 0.001). The students evaluated R faster than M and F, and evaluated F significantly (p < 0.05) slower than R and M. M was rated as the easiest system to learn and to handle, as well as the best at reaching the working length; therefore, it was evaluated as the overall favorite of the students. A difference was found between the students’ perceptions and their achieved technical quality of root canal preparations.
A New Chaotic System with Stable Equilibrium: Entropy Analysis, Parameter Estimation, and Circuit Design
Authors: Kapitaniak Tomasz , Mohammadi S. Alireza , Mekhilef Saad , Alsaadi Fawaz E. , Hayat Tasawar , Pham Viet-Thanh
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we introduce a new, three-dimensional chaotic system with one stable equilibrium. This system is a multistable dynamic system in which the strange attractor is hidden. We investigate its dynamic properties through equilibrium analysis, a bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponents. Such multistable systems are important in engineering. We perform an entropy analysis, parameter estimation and circuit design using this new system to show its feasibility and ability to be used in engineering applications.
Entropy, Measures of Distance and Similarity of Q-Neutrosophic Soft Sets and Some Applications
Authors: Abu Qamar Majdoleen , Hassan Nasruddin
Published: September 2018

The idea of the Q-neutrosophic soft set emerges from the neutrosophic soft set by upgrading the membership functions to a two-dimensional entity which indicate uncertainty, indeterminacy and falsity. Hence, it is able to deal with two-dimensional inconsistent, imprecise, and indeterminate information appearing in real life situations. In this study, the tools that measure the similarity, distance and the degree of fuzziness of Q-neutrosophic soft sets are presented. The definitions of distance, similarity and measures of entropy are introduced. Some formulas for Q-neutrosophic soft entropy were presented. The known Hamming, Euclidean and their normalized distances are generalized to make them well matched with the idea of Q-neutrosophic soft set. The distance measure is subsequently used to define the measure of similarity. Lastly, we expound three applications of the measures of Q-neutrosophic soft sets by applying entropy and the similarity measure to a medical diagnosis and decision making problems.
Performance of a Direct-Driven Wave Energy Point Absorber with High Inertia Rotatory Power Take-off
Authors: Thomas Simon , Giassi Marianna , Göteman Malin , Hann Martyn , Ransley Edward , Isberg Jan , Engström Jens
Published: September 2018

An alternating rotatory generator using an eddy current break is developed as a physical scale model of a direct-driven floating point absorber power take-off (PTO) for wave tank tests. It is shown that this design is a simple and cost-effective way to get an accurate linear damping PTO. The device shows some beneficial characteristics, making it an interesting option for full scale devices: For similar weights the inertia can be significantly higher than for linear generators, allowing it to operate with natural frequencies close to typical wave frequencies. The influence of the higher inertia on the power absorption is tested using both a numerical simulation and physical wave tank tests. With the increased inertia the PTO is able to absorb more than double the energy of a comparable direct-driven linear generator in some sea states. Moreover, the alternating rotatory generator allows the absorption characteristic to be tuned by changing the inertia and the generator damping.
A Transient Productivity Model of Fractured Wells in Shale Reservoirs Based on the Succession Pseudo-Steady State Method
Authors: Zeng Fanhui , Peng Fan , Guo Jianchun , Xiang Jianhua , Wang Qingrong , Zhen Jiangang
Published: September 2018

After volume fracturing, shale reservoirs can be divided into nonlinear seepage areas controlled by micro- or nanoporous media and Darcy seepage areas controlled by complex fracture networks. In this paper, firstly, on the basis of calculating complex fracture network permeability in a stimulated zone, the steady-state productivity model is established by comprehensively considering the multi-scale flowing states, shale gas desorption and diffusion after shale fracturing coupling flows in matrix and stimulated region. Then, according to the principle of material balance, a transient productivity calculation model is established with the succession pseudo-steady state (SPSS) method, which considers the unstable propagation of pressure waves, and the factors affecting the transient productivity of fractured wells in shale gas areas are analyzed. The numerical model simulation results verify the reliability of the transient productivity model. The results show that: (1) the productivity prediction model based on the SPSS method provides a theoretical basis for the transient productivity calculation of shale fractured horizontal well, and it has the characteristics of simple solution process, fast computation speed and good agreement with numerical simulation results; (2) the pressure wave propagates from the bottom of the well to the outer boundary of the volume fracturing zone, and then propagates from the outer boundary of the fracturing zone to the reservoir boundary; (3) with the increase of fracturing zone radius, the initial average aperture of fractures, maximum fracture length, the productivity of shale gas increases, and the increase rate gradually decreases. When the fracturing zone radius is 150 m, the daily output is approximately twice as much as that of 75 m. If the initial average aperture of fractures is 50 μm, the daily output is about half of that when the initial average aperture is 100 μm. When the maximum fracture length increases from 50 m to 100 m, the daily output only increases about by 25%. (4) When the Langmuir volume is relatively large, the daily outputs of different Langmuir volumes are almost identical, and the effect of Langmuir volume on the desorption output can almost be ignored.
Economic Advantages of Dry-Etched Black Silicon in Passivated Emitter Rear Cell (PERC) Photovoltaic Manufacturing
Authors: Modanese Chiara , Laine Hannu , Pasanen Toni , Savin Hele , Pearce Joshua
Published: September 2018

Industrial Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si) photovoltaic (PV) efficiencies have routinely reached >20% with the passivated emitter rear cell (PERC) design. Nanostructuring silicon (black-Si) by dry-etching decreases surface reflectance, allows diamond saw wafering, enhances metal gettering, and may prevent power conversion efficiency degradation under light exposure. Black-Si allows a potential for >20% PERC cells using cheaper multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) materials, although dry-etching is widely considered too expensive for industrial application. This study analyzes this economic potential by comparing costs of standard texturized Cz-Si and black mc-Si PERC cells. Manufacturing sequences are divided into steps, and costs per unit power are individually calculated for all different steps. Baseline costs for each step are calculated and a sensitivity analysis run for a theoretical 1 GW/year manufacturing plant, combining data from literature and industry. The results show an increase in the overall cell processing costs between 15.8% and 25.1% due to the combination of black-Si etching and passivation by double-sided atomic layer deposition. Despite this increase, the cost per unit power of the overall PERC cell drops by 10.8%. This is a significant cost saving and thus energy policies are reviewed to overcome challenges to accelerating deployment of black mc-Si PERC across the PV industry.
Effect of Ultrafiltration of Milk Prior to Fermentation on Mass Balance and Process Efficiency in Greek-Style Yogurt Manufacture
Authors: Paredes Valencia Adriana , Doyen Alain , Benoit Scott , Margni Manuele , Pouliot Yves
Published: September 2018

Ultrafiltration (UF) can be used to concentrate yogurt to produce Greek-style yogurt (GSY) (UF-YOG), but this generates acid whey permeate, which is an environmental issue. However, when UF is applied before fermentation (UF-MILK), a nonacidified whey permeate is generated. For this study, two model GSYs (UF-YOG and UF-MILK) were produced to compare the composition, UF performance, and energy consumption of the two processes. For UF-MILK, skim milk was ultrafiltered with a 30 kDa spiral-wound UF membrane to achieve a 3× volume reduction factor (VRF). The retentate was fermented to a pH of 4.5. The UF-YOG process was the same except that regular yogurt was ultrafiltered. Both GSYs had similar protein (~10%) and solid content (~17%). As expected, lactic acid/lactate was not detected in UF-MILK permeate, while 7.3 g/kg was recovered from the UF-YOG permeate. Permeation flux values (11.6 to 13.3 L m−2 h−1) and total flux decline (47% to 50%) were constant during UF-MILK, whereas drastic decreases in these two membrane performance indicators (average flux: 38.5 to 10.9 L m−2 h−1; total flux decline: 2% to 38%) were calculated for UF-YOG. Moreover, for UF-YOG, UF membrane performance never recovered, even when drastic and repeated cleaning steps were applied. Energy consumption was 1.6 kWh/kg GSY and remained constant for UF-MILK, whereas it increased from 0.6 to 1.5 kWh/kg GSY for UF-YOG. Our results show that, although the composition of GSYs was similar for both processes, the UF step of yogurt concentration affected process efficiency due to drastic and permanent membrane fouling.
Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Actinidia macrosperma (A Wild Kiwifruit) Inhibits Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme In Vitro
Authors: Hettihewa Sujeewa K. , Hemar Yacine , Rupasinghe H. P. Vasantha
Published: September 2018

Increasing interest in flavonoids in kiwifruit is due to the health-promoting properties of these bioactives. Inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is one of the main therapeutic targets in controlling hypertension. The present study investigated the ACE inhibitory activity of flavonoid-rich extracts obtained from different kiwifruit genotypes. The flavonoid-rich extracts were prepared from fruits of Actinidia macrosperma, Actinidia deliciosa cv Hayward (Green kiwifruit), and Actinidia chinensis cv Hort 16A (Gold kiwifruit) by steeping the lyophilized fruit samples in 70% aqueous acetone, followed by partitioning the crude extracts with hexane. The composition of each extract was analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The ACE inhibitory activity of the fruit extracts was performed using a fluorescence-based biochemical assay. The subclass flavonol was the most abundant group of flavonoids detected in all the extracts tested from three different kiwifruit cultivars. Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-arabinoglucoside, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, chlorogenic, ferulic, isoferulic, and caffeic acid were prominent phenolics found in A. macrosperma kiwifruit. Overall, the flavonoid-rich extract from A. macrosperma showed a significantly (p < 0.05) high percentage of inhibition (IC50 = 0.49 mg/mL), and enzyme kinetic studies suggested that it inhibits ACE activity in vitro. The kiwifruit extracts tested were found to be moderately effective as ACE inhibitors in vitro when compared to the other plant extracts reported in the literature. Further studies should be carried out to identify the active compounds from A. macrosperma and to validate the findings using experimental animal models of hypertension.
Hydrogel-Nanoparticles Composite System for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Mauri Emanuele , Negri Anna , Rebellato Erica , Masi Maurizio , Perale Giuseppe , Rossi Filippo
Published: September 2018

Biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(-lactic acid) (PEG-b-PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by nanoprecipitation with controlled dimension and with different electric charges, as monitored by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Then NPs were loaded within hydrogels (HG) developed for biomedical applications in the central nervous system, with different pore sizes (30 and 90 nm). The characteristics of the resulting composite hydrogel-NPs system were firstly studied in terms of ability to control the release of small steric hindrance drug mimetic. Then, diffusion-controlled release of different charged NPs from different entangled hydrogels was studied in vitro and correlated with NPs electric charges and hydrogel mean mesh size. These studies showed different trends, that depend on NPs superficial charge and HG mesh size. Release experiments and diffusion studies, then rationalized by mathematical modeling, allowed us to build different drug delivery devices that can satisfy different medical needs.
Daily Effect of Recovery on Exhaustion: A Cross-Level Interaction Effect of Workaholism
Authors: Molino Monica , Cortese Claudio G. , Ghislieri Chiara
Published: September 2018

Workaholics generally allocate an excessive amount of time and energy to their work at the expense of having time for recovery from work. Nevertheless, a complete recovery is an essential prerequisite for well-being. This study examines the moderating role of workaholism in the relationship between daily recovery and daily exhaustion. Data were collected among 95 participants who completed a general questionnaire and a diary booklet for five consecutive working days. Multilevel analysis results confirmed a cross-level interaction effect of workaholism, showing that the negative relationship between recovery and exhaustion at the daily level is weaker for those with a high (versus low) level of workaholism. These insights suggest the promotion of interventions aimed at addressing workaholism among workers, and the design of projects able to stimulate recovery from work, particularly for workaholics.
The Impact of Innovative Smoking Reduction Education at Hospital Entrances: A Prospective Pre- and Post-Test Study Design
Authors: Chu Tusi-Ping , Chen Min-Li , Lin Yu-Chen , Chen Mei-Yen
Published: September 2018

Background: Nurses are expected to play an important role in smoking reduction education. Although the smoking ban was enacted in Taiwan in 1997, which included the introduction of smoking-free areas around the entrances of hospitals, many smokers are still found near hospitals. Few smoking reduction programs have been initiated around hospital entrances. The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of an innovative smoking reduction education program, which was conducted by nursing students around the entrances of a teaching hospital. Methods: A prospective pre- and post-test study design was used. The smoking reduction education program consisted of posters, audio broadcasts, and dramatic performances that provided information and resources related to smoking reduction. Outcome variables included the number of smokers, number of cigarette butts on the ground, and the experiences from nursing students after conducting the program. Results: After adjusting for weather and temperature, the number of smokers decreased significantly in the afternoon and during the whole day after the implementation of the program. The number of cigarette butts significantly decreased during the implementation of the program. Conclusion: The findings reveal that alternative smoking reduction programs initiated around hospital entrances significantly reduced both the number of smokers and cigarette butts on the ground. Nursing students shared their positive experiences in conducting this study.
A Valine Mismatch at Position 129 of MICA Is an Independent Predictor of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Acute Kidney Rejection in Simultaneous Pancreas–Kidney Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Michita Rafael Tomoya , Chies José Artur Bogo , Schramm Sabine , Horn Peter A. , Heinemann Falko M. , Wunsch Andreas , Viebahn Richard , Schenker Peter , Rebmann Vera
Published: September 2018

The polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related molecule A (MICA) and its soluble form (sMICA) interact with activating receptor natural-killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) on natural-killer (NK) and T cells, thereby modifying immune responses to transplantation and infectious agents (e.g., cytomegalovirus). Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2596538GA in the MICA promoter and rs1051792AG in the coding region (MICA-129Val/Met), influence MICA expression or binding to NKG2D, with MICA-129Met molecules showing higher receptor affinity. To investigate the impact of these SNPs on the occurrence of cytomegalovirus infection or acute rejection (AR) in individuals who underwent simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation (SPKT), 50 recipient-donor pairs were genotyped, and sMICA levels were measured during the first year post-transplantation. Recipients with a Val-mismatch (recipient Met/Met and donor Val/Met or Val/Val) showed shorter cytomegalovirus infection-free and shorter kidney AR-free survival. Additionally, Val mismatch was an independent predictor of cytomegalovirus infection and kidney AR in the first year post-transplantation. Interestingly, sMICA levels were lower in rs2596538AA and MICA129Met/Met-homozygous recipients. These results provide further evidence that genetic variants of MICA influence sMICA levels, and that Val mismatch at position 129 increases cytomegalovirus infection and kidney AR risk during the first year post-SPKT.
Towards a Bioelectronic Computer: A Theoretical Study of a Multi-Layer Biomolecular Computing System That Can Process Electronic Inputs
Authors: Dunn Katherine E. , Trefzer Martin A. , Johnson Steven , Tyrrell Andy M.
Published: September 2018

DNA molecular machines have great potential for use in computing systems. Since Adleman originally introduced the concept of DNA computing through his use of DNA strands to solve a Hamiltonian path problem, a range of DNA-based computing elements have been developed, including logic gates, neural networks, finite state machines (FSMs) and non-deterministic universal Turing machines. DNA molecular machines can be controlled using electrical signals and the state of DNA nanodevices can be measured using electrochemical means. However, to the best of our knowledge there has as yet been no demonstration of a fully integrated biomolecular computing system that has multiple levels of information processing capacity, can accept electronic inputs and is capable of independent operation. Here we address the question of how such a system could work. We present simulation results showing that such an integrated hybrid system could convert electrical impulses into biomolecular signals, perform logical operations and take a decision, storing its history. We also illustrate theoretically how the system might be able to control an autonomous robot navigating through a maze. Our results suggest that a system of the proposed type is technically possible but for practical applications significant advances would be required to increase its speed.