bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual reality–based myoelectric prosthetic control training: Effects of action observation and motor imagery with visual feedback of electromyographic signals
Authors: Yoshimura Manabu , Kurumadani Hiroshi , Ito Tomotaka , Hosokawa Takayuki , Hirata Junya , Senoo Katsutoshi , Kinoshita Seiji , Date Shota , Hanayama Kozo , Sunagawa Toru
Published: December 2024

Background:

Conventional myoelectric prostheses (myo-prostheses) training involves repetitive grasping and manipulation training, which requires considerable training time. It is necessary to develop a short and efficient myo-prostheses training. This study aimed to verify the immediate and sustained effects of action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) using virtual reality (VR) on myo-prostheses control and clarify the effect of visual feedback of electromyogram (EMG) signals during AOMI using VR.

Study Design and Methods:

We evaluated 24 healthy right-handed individuals wearing a myo-prostheses simulator in their dominant hands. We divided participants into 3 groups: VR video observation with EMG presentation during manipulation (VR+), VR video observation without EMG presentation (VR), and control group. We evaluated prosthetic control skills using the Grasp Force Adjustment Test (GFAT) and Bowknot task immediately before and after AOMI and 1 week later. In addition, we evaluated the level of immersion during AOMI.

Results:

The rate of change in the GFAT 1 week after the intervention was significantly greater in the VR+ (P < 0.05, d = 1.32) and VR (P < 0.01, d = 2.34) groups than in the control group. Immersion was significantly higher in the VR+ and VR groups than in the control group. The condition and time required for GFAT had significant effects, although the post-hoc test showed no significant difference between VR+ and VR groups.

Conclusions:

AOMI using VR had sustained effects on motor learning of myo-prosthetic control despite EMG presentation. Therefore, AOMI, using VR, manipulates prostheses once learned, and it might be used for future training of myo-prosthetic control.
Association between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fragility fractures in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study in China
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2024

Background:

People living with HIV (PLHIV) often exhibit reduced CD4+ T cell counts and altered CD4/CD8 ratios, but their impact on fragility fractures remains underexplored. This study investigated the association between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fragility fractures in PLHIV in China.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on PLHIV treated at Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 2011 to September 2023. Data on demographics, clinical status, and bone mineral density were collected. Fragility fractures were identified through medical records. Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fracture risk, with restricted cubic splines (RCS) applied to explore potential nonlinear associations. Subgroup analyses evaluated the consistency of these findings.

Results:

The study included 1,107 participants (median age 37 years, 92.6% male). The median CD4 count was 547 cells/μL, and the median CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.7. Fragility fractures occurred in 185 participants (16.7%). Lower CD4 counts (<200 cells/μL) were associated with a higher risk of fractures (aHR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.66–4.65; p < 0.001), as were lower CD4/CD8 ratios (<0.5) (aHR = 3.43; 95% CI: 2.16–5.44; p < 0.001). RCS indicated a curvilinear association, with increased fracture risk at CD4/CD8 ratios below 1.16. Subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of these associations.

Conclusion:

Lower CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios are linked to an increased risk of fragility fractures in PLHIV, underscoring the importance of immune function in bone health.
Patient-reported outcomes of Children with an Anorectal Malformation
Authors: Wood Richard J. , Srinivas Shruthi , Trajanovska Misel , Collis Brennan J. , Lim Reuben , Fuchs Molly , Dajusta Daniel , Westgarth-Taylor Chris , Halaweish Ihab , Gasior Alessandra A. , Levitt Marc A. , Hutson John M. , King Sebastian K.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

We aimed to study the impact of anorectal malformation (ARM) type and sacral ratio on continence outcomes in children. We secondarily aimed to compare continence outcomes by age group and determine quality of life (QoL) with different bowel regimens.

Summary Background Data:

Children with ARM experience dysfunctional stooling into adulthood. Little is known about how ARM type, sacral ratio, age, and bowel regimen affect continence and QoL.

Methods:

We administered five validated survey measures on stooling habits and QoL to children aged 2-19 with ARM at two tertiary hospitals. Sacral ratio as a determinant of sacral hypodevelopment was defined as normal (≥0.7), moderate (0.4-0.0.69), or severe (≤0.39). Children not on an enema program were compared to those on an enema program to identify factors associated with achieving voluntary bowel movements defined as continence. All children were compared to identify factors associated with QoL.

Results:

Of 910 patients, half (52.8%) had mild sacral hypodevelopment. In patients not receiving enemas managed solely at study hospitals, most were continent (69.2%). There were no differences in continence demonstrated by sacral ratio; 79.4% of those who were continent had normal/moderate sacral hypodevelopment and mild ARM.

Continence improved with age (50% ≤6 y old, 69.8% 6-12 y old, 82.1% >12 y old; P<0.001). Those on enemas and soiling had a QoL 19.6 points lower than those soiling on laxatives, and 20.7 points lower than those who were clean on enemas or continent with voluntary bowel movements without the need for enemas.

Conclusions:

In patients on laxatives the type of malformation, but not sacral ratio, is associated with continence in patients with ARM. Continence improves with age; those on enemas with soiling have a worse QoL.
Impact of artificial intelligence in transforming and replacing traditional learning and development of employees
Authors: Chitranshi Jaya , Chopra Komal , Banerjee Pallabi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of artificial intelligence interventions in transforming learning and development of organizations and to investigate whether artificial intelligence can replace traditional learning methods.

Design/methodology/approach

Mixed method approach was adopted to conduct the study. The sample size for quantitative study was 300 employees belonging to domains of technology, finance, health care and manufacturing. Structural equation modeling was done to arrive at the results. The qualitative study was done on 25 employees by conducting in-depth interviews followed by thematic analysis.

Findings

The findings of quantitative study revealed that perceived usefulness, perceived experience and learning effectiveness significantly contributed to transformation of traditional learning. The same was validated by qualitative study, and it also indicated that respondents preferred blended learning and artificial intelligence cannot replace traditional learning.

Originality/value

The study contributes to research by highlighting the impact of artificial intelligence in transformation of traditional learning and development based on departmental and job-specific roles as well as sectors that require physical training in addition to knowledge-based training.
The heterogeneous effects of infrastructure on farm and non-farm sector output: evidence from Indian states
Authors: Chicker Soumya , Sahu Jagadish Prasad
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The study aims to examine the heterogeneous effects of physical infrastructure on farm and non-farm sector output in 16 prominent states of India for the period 2005–2019.

Design/methodology/approach

We construct a composite physical infrastructure index comprising four indicators namely road density, rail density, tele-density and per capita power availability using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. We estimate the impact of physical infrastructure on aggregate as well as farm and non-farm sector output using the fixed effects regression with Driscoll–Kraay (FE-DK) standard errors to account for cross-sectional dependence in our sample. Furthermore, to mitigate the potential endogeneity concern, we utilise the panel instrumental variable (IV) regression method to estimate the model.

Findings

Our results imply that physical infrastructure plays a significant role in driving economic growth. We find that infrastructure development affects the non-farm sector output positively while the farm sector output remains unaffected.

Research limitations/implications

Due to data limitations, our study is based on 16 prominent states only. It is plausible that the selected infrastructure indicators are not highly relevant for the farm sector. Further research can be done to identify appropriate infrastructure that helps stimulate agriculture sector output.

Originality/value

We examine the varying effects of physical infrastructure on farm and non-farm sector output in the Indian context. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the effect of infrastructure development on sectoral output at the sub-national level.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-06-2024-0468
Increased risk of autism in extremely preterm children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Lundgren Pia , Olsson Hanna B. K. , Pivodic Aldina , Jacobson Lena , Vallin Liv , Smith Lois E. , Sävman Karin , Hellström Ann
Published: December 2024

Aim

To investigate the association between retinopathy of prematurity and autism spectrum disorder in extremely preterm children.

Methods

Data in children born extremely preterm at <28 weeks’ gestational age in the Region Västra Götaland, 2013–2017, were analysed for association between retinopathy of prematurity and neurodevelopmental disorders. We focussed on autism spectrum disorder and excluded children with perinatal brain injuries or genetic disorders.

Results

Of 266 children with neurodevelopmental evaluation, 143 had no documented brain injury or genetic disorders. Of these 143, autism spectrum disorder was diagnosed in 18%, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in 15% and intellectual disability in 7%. Of the 72/143 children with a history of no or mild retinopathy of prematurity (stage <1), 10% were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder compared to 27% of 71/143 with prior moderate‐to‐severe retinopathy of prematurity (stages ≥2), (p = 0.008). A history of retinopathy of prematurity stages ≥2 was associated with a threefold increased likelihood of later autism spectrum disorder even when adjusting for gestational age and sex (p = 0.011).

Conclusion

Moderate‐to‐severe retinopathy of prematurity associated with a higher likelihood of later autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in extremely preterm children without documented brain injuries or genetic disorders.
Three‐ but not 2‐year‐olds misinform others spontaneously in an interaction‐based task
Authors: Klafka Mareike , Liszkowski Ulf
Published: December 2024

One‐year‐olds spontaneously inform others, but less is known about the emergence of spontaneous misinforming. The current study investigated whether young children who spontaneously inform ignorant others also deliberately misinform others in matched uninstructed interactions. Conceptually, misinforming provides a convincing case for interaction‐based, implicit false belief understanding. In a simplified, anticipatory and interactive paradigm, a protagonist puppet played with the child and an object and then hid the object in one of two boxes. When the protagonist was temporarily absent, either her friend or a competitor puppet searched for the hidden object. Children spontaneously joined the play and helped or hindered by informing or misinforming the puppets. Experiment 1 revealed that 2‐year‐olds spontaneously informed the friend. However, they did not selectively misinform the competitor. In order to exclude methodological biases and replicate previous findings, Experiment 2 tested 3‐year‐olds, confirming skills for spontaneous misinforming with the same paradigm. Findings reveal that informing, but not misinforming, is part of younger children's early spontaneous communication, which suggests a conceptual distinction in the use of communication and casts doubts on an interactive use of false belief understanding in early interactions.
Appraisal Process, Merit Pay and Performance: Evidence From a Longitudinal Survey of School Teachers in England and Wales
Authors: Marsden David , Sezer Lisa A.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates how the quality of performance appraisals influences perceptions of merit pay − whether it is viewed as motivating or divisive − and its impact on achieving performance objectives. Using longitudinal survey data collected from classroom teachers in England and Wales between 2014 and 2018, and employing an instrumental variable approach, the analysis reveals that the effectiveness of merit pay in improving employee performance is closely tied to the quality of appraisal processes. Procedural fairness emerges as a key factor in fostering both motivational and divisiveness attitudes, whereas poorly designed or disengaging appraisals tend to amplify divisiveness rather than motivation, undermining the achievement of performance objectives. These findings highlight the need to carefully weigh both the potential benefits and drawbacks of merit pay systems.
Epidemiology and Management of Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease in the United States: Analysis of a Healthcare Claims Database
Authors: Stan Marius N. , Wagner Lilly H. , Rachmasari Kharisa N. , Venker Brett , Arackal Joel , Wang Jingyu , Miller‐Wilson Lesley‐Ann , Schwinn Jennifer , Mina‐Osorio Paola
Published: December 2024

Objective

To estimate the incidence, prevalence, patient characteristics and healthcare utilization patterns of moderate to severe thyroid eye disease (TED) in the United States.

Design

Retrospective review of medical and prescription claims data from the Inovalon deidentified claims database.

Patients

Patients with moderate to severe TED were identified based on specific and sensitive definitions using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes selected by a group of TED specialists.

Results

The incident moderate to severe TED population included 3364 and 1730 patients using the sensitive and specific definitions, respectively. After adjusting for age and gender, corresponding incidence rates in the sensitive and specific populations were 8.97 (13.49 in women and 4.27 in men) and 4.37 (6.59 in women and 2.05 in men) per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. The prevalent population included 16,310 and 8018 patients using the sensitive and specific definitions, respectively, corresponding to adjusted prevalence rates of 44.13 (66.00 in women and 21.39 in men) and 20.55 (31.18 in women and 9.50 in men) per 100,000 persons. A preponderance of women was observed, and comorbidity rates were high, with > 40% of prevalent patients experiencing hypertension. Steroids were the most frequently prescribed medication. The impact of teprotumumab was not captured, since this study only included claims data through 2019.

Conclusions

The estimated incidence and prevalence rates of TED demonstrate the considerable impact of this disease in the United States, making the creation of a specific ICD code imperative for effective healthcare planning and management.
Translational PK–PD model for in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapy delivered using CAR mRNA‐loaded polymeric nanoparticle vector
Authors: Kim Se Jin , Mugundu Ganesh M. , Singh Aman P.
Published: December 2024

Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable response rates, yet its widespread implementation is hindered by logistical, financial, and physical constraints. Additionally, challenges such as poor persistence and allorejection are associated with allogeneic cell therapies. An innovative approach involves in vivo transduction of endogenous T‐cells through the administration of CAR mRNA encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), resulting in transient CAR surface expression on circulating T‐cells. This method presents a promising alternative, although the dose–exposure–response relationship of in vivo CAR‐Ts remains poorly elucidated. The transient nature of CAR expression may necessitate repeated dosing, potentially introducing additional hurdles like cost and patient compliance. To address this issue, we have devised a translational pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) model that characterizes the transient surface CAR expression following mRNA‐encapsulated NP administration, leveraging in vitro and in vivo data alongside critical binding kinetic parameters sourced from literature. Our model adequately captures the transient surface CAR expression in both settings, while incorporating known physiological parameter values and exhibiting precise estimation of unknown parameters (coefficient of variation < 30%). Global sensitivity analyses underscore the significance of intracellular mRNA stability, highlighting the sensitivity of parameters linked to free intracellular mRNA concentration. Model‐based simulations indicate that optimizing dose and dosing frequency can achieve sustained CAR expression, despite the transient protein expression characteristic of mRNA‐based therapies. This mechanistic PK–PD model holds potential for integration into physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models, facilitating the translation of in vivo CAR‐T‐cell therapies from preclinical studies to human applications.
Generational Gatekeepers: Parental Impediments to Global Englishes Language Teaching
Authors: Cameron Andrew , Galloway Nicola
Published: December 2024

Today, the majority of students learn English to use as a global lingua franca. New needs require revised curricula. Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT) responds to this need for innovation to reflect the current use of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). However, innovation is a complex matter, particularly when it involves divergence from ‘standard’, ‘native’ English norms. This article explores the role of parents in the implementation of GELT, an under‐researched group in the growing body of research. Interviews (n = 21) conducted before and after a GELT course on a postgraduate Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) programme in the United Kingdom, plus six post‐course focus groups (n = 27) explored pre‐ and in‐service TESOL practitioners’ attitudes toward GELT. Our study explores this data to examine to what extent these teachers considered parental influence had on curriculum innovation. Findings reveal perceptions that parents still have strong attachments to ‘standard’ English and native‐speakerism, hindering potential GELT implementation and particularly on altering teacher hiring practices. A growing number of studies focus on GELT awareness‐raising amongst students and teachers. Our study highlights the need for more research on parental attitudes with regard to GELT, as well as how to raise their awareness of modern linguistic realities and how to ultimately involve them in the GELT innovation process.
A Revisit to Recast Efficacy in L2 Learning: An Alignment Perspective
Authors: Miao Haiyan , Wang Chuming
Published: December 2024

This study examined recast efficacy in L2 learning from the perspective of alignment. As the hallmark of interaction, alignment facilitates L2 learning when models of linguistic structures proceed and prime subsequent output. This input‐before‐output sequence runs counter to the output‐before‐input array associated with the way of delivering recasts which may induce weaker alignment effects and hence limited recast efficacy. To verify this reasoning, 72 Chinese learners of English were randomly assigned to three interaction modes: output‐first recast group, input‐first alignment group, and meaning‐oriented control. A pretest–posttest‐delayed posttest design was employed to detect improvement in post‐interaction production of ‐ed, followed by an interview that looked into alignment with ‐ed during interaction. Results showed that recast and control groups achieved less post‐interaction gains than the alignment group in oral and written production; furthermore, during interaction they demonstrated more content orientation whereas the alignment group showed more aligned language use. These findings suggest that providing input models before output can combine with recast delivery to increase the alignment effect on language learning.
CBC With Differential and Cell Population Data in Prediction of Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Lixia , Yang Shuxian , Cheng Chen , Mu Yuan , Pan Shiyang
Published: December 2024

Introduction

We aimed to identify additional predictors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which has a significantly increasing global incidence.

Methods

This retrospective study included 95 patients with SFTS and 30 healthy individuals. Complete blood count with differential was performed using Sysmex XN 9000 and Mindray BC‐6800 Plus analyzers. Extended leukocyte cell population data (CPD) parameters were acquired using a Mindray BC‐6800 Plus analyzer. Peripheral smears were identified, and SFTS virus (SFTSV) RNA was detected using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Of 95 patients with SFTS at admission, 75.8% (72/95) presented leukopenia and 96.8% (92/95) thrombocytopenia with SFTS. Neutrophil left shift and smudge cells (32.4/WBC ± 28.2/WBC) were observed 100% (57/57) on the blood smear. Only 21.1% (21/57) of the reactive lymphocytes were > 5% (3.24% ± 3.35%). Moreover, 33.3% (19/57) of apoptotic lymphocytes and 8.8% (5/57) of nucleated red blood cells were present. Furthermore, 78.9% (45/57) of reactive plasmacytoid lymphocytes increased 3–5 days after admission and 61.1% (11/18) of the patients who died presented with dust blue inclusions in the neutrophils. Compared to the control group, Neu‐Y and all lymphocyte and monocyte CPD parameters were significantly higher in all SFTS groups. Compared to the surviving patients with SFTS, Lym‐Y in Group 2 (p < 0.05) was significantly lower, but Neu‐Y and Mon‐Z in Group 3 were higher (p < 0.001) in the death group.

Conclusions

The cell count, peripheral blood morphology, and CPD parameters described in this study had a strong prompting effect on SFTSV infection.
Does Structural Empowerment of Nurse Leaders Moderate the Relationship Between Destructive Leadership and Nursing Outcomes?—A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Nurmeksela Anu , Hult Marja , Häggman‐Laitila Arja , Terkamo‐Moisio Anja
Published: December 2024

Aim

To describe how nursing staff assess their superiors' destructive leadership and nurse leaders' structural empowerment. A further aim is to examine the associations between destructive leadership and staff outcomes and how nurse leaders' structural empowerment moderates these associations.

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

The data were collected during November 2022–April 2023. Nursing staff assessed their work well‐being, commitment, decision‐making and career advancement. Destructive leadership was evaluated using the Employment Precariousness Scale and some additional questions. Nurse leaders' structural empowerment was assessed using the Conditions For Work Effectiveness Questionnaire‐II. The data were analysed using statistical methods including linear regression.

Results

Nursing staff (n = 381) assessed destructive leadership as rare, but it negatively associated with their commitment, decision‐making, career advancement and work well‐being. Nurse leaders' (n = 97) structural empowerment had a positive association with nursing staff outcomes. The interaction between destructive leadership and nurse leaders' structural empowerment positively affected the work well‐being and commitment of nursing staff. The models explained 32% of nurses' work well‐being and 19% of their commitment.

Conclusion

Destructive leadership undermines nursing staff outcomes. Structural empowerment of nurse leaders should be enhanced to protect against destructive leadership and other protective factors should be explored in the future to identify and prevent destructive leadership.

Implications for the Profession

Organisations should provide nurse leaders with appropriate resources and support to enhance their empowerment and opportunities to improve their leadership skills and expertise and should develop ways of identifying destructive leadership patterns and policies to resolve situations in which destructive leadership occurs.

Impact

A work environment that empowers nurse leaders may reduce the effect of destructive leadership on staff well‐being, commitment, decision‐making and career advancement. The significance of protective factors against destructive leadership should be explored using more robust methods in future research.

Reporting Method

A STROBE checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

None.
Variable Contact Area‐Based Compressive Properties of Orally Self‐Disintegrating Puffs
Authors: Uhrin Jessica A. , Lee Kaitlyn , Rizvi Syed S. H.
Published: December 2024

Milk protein‐rich, orally self‐disintegrating puffs were designed utilizing supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) to address the needs of both infants and the elderly who require high protein foods and suffer from swallowing difficulties. The physio‐mechanical properties of the puffs need to be accurately evaluated as the physiological processes occurring in the mouth are quite complex. Generally, mastication is simulated through a compressive test that utilizes a constant contact area which does not well simulate the oral environment. Most snacks do not have a uniform shape and undergo a change in contact area during compressing leading to inaccurate predictions of the sample's response in the mouth. The objective of this study was to quantify the change in the contact area and its effect on compressive properties. Variable contact area was experimentally measured to provide an accurate estimation of the sample stress during testing. The sample's mean variable yield contact area was 43.1 mm2 while the constant yield contact area was significantly higher at 100.5 mm2 (p < 0.05). The relationship between the variable contact area and deformation was determined by fitting the data to a polynomial model (R2 = 0.99). From this relationship, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio were evaluated. The Young's modulus values determined with variable contact area correlate well with each puff's corresponding disintegration time. The puffs have soaked Poisson's ratio values close to 1.00 indicating that these sample are deforming more like a liquid than a solid. Overall, the results showed that the variable contact area should be utilized when analyzing compressive properties to form accurate predictions of oral disintegration for extruded puffs to meet the needs of those who have difficulty swallowing.
An innovative model of behavioral healthcare for older adults with serious mental illness, substance use disorders, and dementia
Authors: Chukrun Tamar , Tran Olivia , Hobbs Katherine , Taylor John B.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Older adults with serious mental illness (SMI) experience higher rates of medical comorbidities, mortality, hospital readmissions, and total healthcare spending when compared with Medicare beneficiaries without SMI. Although telehealth provides an opportunity to overcome barriers to behavioral healthcare access, older adults face unique challenges when accessing and utilizing telehealth services. We present Author Health's care model, which integrates virtual‐first behavioral health care with an interdisciplinary approach to health‐related social needs (HRSN) screening and intervention in older adults.

Methods

We launched an innovative behavioral healthcare delivery model in collaboration with primary care for Medicare Advantage recipients with SMI, substance use disorders (SUD), and dementia. All patients completed an intake with an MD/NP and were offered screening for HRSN at entry using the Accountable Health Communities HRSN tool. Primary diagnosis was assigned and categorized into SMI/SUD/dementia and non‐SMI. Logistic regression was used to quantify the odds of food, housing, and transportation insecurity explained by SMI/SUD/dementia versus non‐SMI behavioral health conditions.

Results

A total of 2301 patients completed an intake from January 2023 to March 2024. Moderate/severe depression (40%) was the most common primary target condition at intake, followed by dementia/Alzheimer's disease (12%) and bipolar disorder (5%). The rates of housing insecurity, food insecurity, and transportation insecurity were 27%, 30%, and 21%, respectively. Within our sample of Medicare Advantage participants in Florida, patients with SMI/SUD/dementia were 1.42 times (p < 0.05) and 1.58 times (p < 0.01) more likely to report housing insecurity and food insecurity, respectively, when compared with those with mild/moderate behavioral health conditions.

Conclusion

Author Health provides a blueprint for behavioral health services that remove barriers and provide tenacious, consistent, and whole‐person virtual‐first behavioral health care tailored to the unique needs of older adults. Our sample of Medicare Advantage participants in Florida suggests SMI/SUD/dementia may be a predictor for HRSN independent of socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity.
Association Between Physical Activity Levels and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders in Office Workers: A Cross‐Sectional Observational Study
Authors: da Silva Nicolly Márcia Nunes , Calixtre Letícia Bojikian , dos Santos Camila Rodrigues , Locks Francisco
Published: December 2024

Background

Sedentary work is a potential health risk factor and may exacerbate painful complaints, while physical activity may serve as a preventive factor for the onset and worsening of musculoskeletal disorders. However, there is scarce evidence on how engaging in leisure physical activity may influence the reporting of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) symptoms.

Objective

To assess the association between the level of physical activity and TMD symptoms in office workers.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study, 225 office workers of both sexes, aged over 18 years, participated in the study. The mean age was 33.65 (± 9.31) years, with a predominantly female sample (67.1%). The TMD Pain Screener determined the presence/absence of TMD symptoms, and the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BQHPA) determined the level of physical activity as high/moderate/low.

Results

25.3% of the total sample presented TMD symptoms, of which 19.1% were women. The total BQHPA score showed that 35.5% of the total sample had a high level of physical activity. Regression analysis revealed no association between TMD symptoms and the level of leisure physical activity.

Conclusion

Office workers exhibited a low prevalence of TMD symptoms, and the presence of TMD symptoms was not associated with the level of physical activity.
Sensory Profiling and Classification of Greek Olive Oil Varieties Using Principal Component Analysis and Learning Vector Quantization
Authors: Anna Milionis , Klimentia Kottaridi , Vasileios Nikolaidis , Ioannis Dimopoulos F. , Vasilis Demopoulos
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to explore whether the three primary sensory attributes—fruitiness, bitterness, and pungency—could be used to discriminate among seven Greek olive oil varieties. Sensory data from 110 extra virgin olive oil samples, collected over 9 years by the Kalamata Olive Oil Taste Laboratory, were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and learning vector quantization (LVQ). PCA revealed that varieties with overlapping sensory profiles formed three distinct sensory groups: Koroneiki‐Lianolia‐Chalkidikis, Makri‐Manaki‐Megaritiki, and Athenolia. Consequently, the research focus shifted to evaluating the ability of these sensory attributes to differentiate between groups of varieties rather than individual varieties. LVQ, validated through leave‐one‐out cross‐validation (LOOCV), classified the olive oil samples into these sensory groups with 80% accuracy. The results demonstrate that the intensity levels of fruitiness, bitterness, and pungency provide valuable information for distinguishing groups of varieties with similar sensory profiles. While the study benefits from a robust nine‐year dataset, limitations include a relatively small sample size, potentially limiting generalizability, and a selection criterion that excludes samples with lower fruitiness scores, possibly introducing a degree of bias.

Practical Applications

The study's findings provide practical applications in various areas. For panel training, the identified sensory profiles can serve as benchmarks, helping tasters recognize and classify olive oil varieties. Producers can utilize these sensory profiles for consistent quality control and strategic blending, ensuring their products meet desired sensory standards. Finally, these profiles can be used in culinary education, enabling chefs and food enthusiasts to select and pair olive oils more effectively with different dishes.
The relationship of home language and literacy practices to biliteracy development among immigrant bilingual children: A review of studies from 2014 to 2023
Authors: Dixon L. Quentin , Kim Haemin , Dayani Amirpooya , Guo Weiqi , Kuo Li‐Jen , Eslami Zohreh , Chen Zhuo
Published: December 2024

Immigrant families bring myriad strengths through their home literacy practices, which contribute to their children's biliteracy growth. This systematic review critically analysed 28 recent studies on the relationship between home literacy practices and biliteracy development of immigrant bilingual children. Against a backdrop of host societies that emphasize immigrant children's second language (L2) and devalue their first language (L1), many studies indicated that home literacy practices in either L1 or L2 were associated with stronger literacy development in the same language for immigrant children of varying ages and language backgrounds at the same time point; further, cross‐linguistic relationships seemed to be neutral or negative, mostly measured at one point in time. However, these findings should not be taken as recommendations, as very few studies examined these relationships longitudinally or accounted for change in home practices. Additionally, other factors, such as school programmes, socioeconomic status (SES) and length of residence in the host country, may affect these relationships. Importantly, L1 generally required more support in order to develop in these contexts, but a few longitudinal studies suggest that L1 development need not come at the expense of L2 achievement. Additional experimental and longitudinal studies that value immigrant families' L1s are needed to elucidate these relationships.
A Machine Learning Model to Predict De Novo Hepatocellular Carcinoma Beyond Year 5 of Antiviral Therapy in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Ha Yeonjung , Lee Seungseok , Lim Jihye , Lee Kwanjoo , Chon Young Eun , Lee Joo Ho , Lee Kwan Sik , Kim Kang Mo , Shim Ju Hyun , Lee Danbi , Yon Dong Keon , Lee Jinseok , Lee Han Chu
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

This study aims to develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients after the first 5 years of entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir (TFV) therapy.

Methods

CHB patients treated with ETV/TFV for > 5 years and not diagnosed with HCC during the first 5 years of therapy were selected from two hospitals. We used 36 variables, including baseline characteristics (age, sex, cirrhosis, and type of antiviral agent) and laboratory values (at baseline, at 5 years, and changes between 5 years) for model development. Five machine learning algorithms were applied to the training dataset and internally validated using a test dataset. External validation was performed.

Results

In years 5–15, a total of 279/5908 (4.7%) and 25/562 (4.5%) patients developed HCC in the derivation and external validation cohorts, respectively. In the training dataset (n = 4726), logistic regression showed the highest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.803 and a balanced accuracy of 0.735, outperforming other ML algorithms. An ensemble model combining logistic regression and random forest performed best (AUC, 0.811 and balanced accuracy, 0.754). The results from the test dataset (n = 1182) verified the good performance of the ensemble model (AUC, 0.784 and balanced accuracy, 0.712). External validation confirmed the predictive accuracy of our ensemble model (AUC, 0.862 and balanced accuracy, 0.771). A web‐based calculator was developed (http://ai‐wm.khu.ac.kr/HCC/).

Conclusions

The proposed ML model excellently predicted HCC risk beyond year 5 of ETV/TFV therapy and, therefore, could facilitate individualised HCC surveillance based on risk stratification.
Immature granulocytes as an early clinical predictor in children with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
Authors: Korkmaz Muhammet Furkan , Karacan Ahmet , Mehmedali Adalet , Bozdemir Şefika Elmas , Arslan Didar , Oto Arzu , Tutanç Murat
Published: December 2024

Background

Immature granulocytes can be measured easily in a complete blood count by new automated hemolytic analyzers and have recently been studied as bio‐markers in many infectious/inflammatory diseases. This study aims to investigate whether immature granulocyte percentage (IG%) would enable greater discrimination than conventionally utilized laboratory values in terms of early clinical prediction in instances with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis.

Methods

A prospective observational cohort study involved 149 individuals with RSV bronchiolitis. Complete blood count (including IG%), C‐reactive protein, and procalcitonin (PCT) assays were performed.

Results

Sixty‐two (42%) RSV bronchiolitis patients responded well to outpatient therapy; 60 (40%) were admitted to the hospital, and 27 (18%) required pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) follow up. Inpatients had a higher platelet count than outpatients, and PICU patients had a higher platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Pediatric intensive care unit patients had greater PCT levels than outpatients, and their IG% was higher than that of both inpatient and outpatient groups. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis examining the usefulness of parameters in predicting PICU hospitalization, PLR, PCT, and IG% produced statistically significant findings, with IG% having the highest area under the curve (0.730).

Conclusions

Immature granulocyte percentage was the biomarker that best differentiated PICU patients from other patient groups when compared with traditional acute phase reactants. Immature granulocytes may help to determine the severity of infection/inflammation at an early stage of the disease.
Four Novel HLA‐DRB1 Alleles Were Identified by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Loginova Maria , Makhova Olga , Paramonov Igor
Published: December 2024

Identification of four novel HLA‐DRB1 alleles by next‐generation sequencing.
Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt and Early Alpine Relief Recorded by Calcite U–Pb Dating of an Uplifted Paleo‐Canyon (Vercors Massif, France)
Authors: Mai Yung Sen Vivien , Rolland Yann , Valla Pierre G. , Jaillet Stéphane , Bruguier Olivier , Bienveignant Dorian , Robert Xavier
Published: December 2024

The long‐term evolution of orogenic drainage systems is closely related to the propagation of tectonic structures, which gives rise to the topography and hence anisotropies for river incision. This study focuses on the subalpine Vercors Massif (SW French Alps), reconstructing the geometry of an uplifted paleo‐canyon and applying calcite U–Pb dating to its carbonate‐rocky talus slope deposits. U–Pb ages of the blocky calcite veins range from 58 to 9 Ma, related to multiple tectonic motions along the E‐W compressive fault on which the paleo‐canyon was dug. U–Pb dating on calcite cement sealing the breccia porosity yields a minimum age of ca. 2 Ma for the paleo‐canyon abandonment and rockfall infill. Cementation of the breccia, infilling and uplift since the late Neogene to Pliocene times highlight the reorganisation from radial to longitudinal drainage in relation to frontal Alpine tectonics and surface uplift of the western French Alps.
It’s All in the Dimple
Authors: Poirier Louise
Published: December 2024

Researchers at Sandia National Laboratories and the University of New Mexico have been exploring the potential of applying dimples in specific sizes and patterns to various objects. This application can drastically improve air flow and reduce drag, but figuring out exactly which sizes and patterns to apply on such objects has taken some time to develop.
Supplemental Material: Zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope evidence from gabbros of the Summit igneous complex for a latest Jurassic rift through the southern Sierra Nevada arc crust, California, USA
Authors: Clemens-Knott D. , Gevedon M.
Published: December 2024

Sample locations, zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf analytical settings and isotope data, and whole-rock geochemistry analyses.
Optimizing floor tile design in residential spaces using nesting algorithm and multi-objective optimization with BIM data
Authors: Pham Vu Hong Son , Dau Thuy Dung , Nguyen Trung Tinh
Published: December 2024

This study presents an innovative strategy for optimizing floor tile arrangements, addressing the high demand for tiles and the environmental challenges posed by the tile manufacturing process. By utilizing the nesting algorithm and multi-objective optimization with data from Building Information Modeling (BIM), this approach bridges the gap between efficient design and practical application. The proposed method allows for the optimization of floor tiling based on multiple objectives and construction drawings, offering a practical framework that reduces waste and environmental impact in tile manufacturing and installation. This solution has the potential to significantly decrease material waste, leading to both cost savings and environmental benefits.
Enhanced Lifespan and Performance of Sandwich-Type Structural Batteries with Integrated Pressurization and Thermal Management Systems
Authors: Jeon Doyun , Lim Su Hyun , Kim Seong Su
Published: December 2024

With the advancement of the automobile and aerospace industries, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), known for its high specific stiffness and strength, has been utilized to construct lightweight structures. Research is now focusing on structural batteries that combine CFRP structures with energy storage capabilities. Among these, sandwich-type structural batteries, which embed commercial batteries between CFRP skins, are nearing industrialization due to their high energy density and stability. However, a significant limitation is that these structural batteries cannot be replaced once the embedded battery's lifespan is exhausted. To address this issue and maximize the lifespan of the embedded battery, we propose a sandwich-type structural battery with integrated pressurization and preheating functions. By applying pressure through the fastening force of curved CFRP skins, the capacity retention of the embedded battery is enhanced, thereby extending its lifespan. Additionally, we developed a thermal management system for the structural battery using hybrid composites made of carbon paper and glass fabric as compression pads. The integrated pressurization and thermal management system are secured with CFRP brackets, completing the structural battery design.
Rapid Estimation of Differential Capacity in Li-Ion Batteries at Elevated Temperatures Using Neural Networks
Authors: Odinsen Eirik , Nejati Amiri Mahshid , Burheim Odne Stokke , Lamb Jacob Joseph
Published: December 2024

Understanding the electrochemical state of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) is key to ensuring safe and efficient operation, particularly in electric transportation. Differential capacity analysis is a common technique, but it is time-consuming due to the need for low charge rates (C/20) and is typically conducted at a standard temperature of 25°C. This study proposes a methodology that allows for predicting the analysis using 1C cycle data at elevated temperatures, significantly reducing testing time, while allowing for prediction outside a standard temperature. Three neural networks—FNN, RNN, and LSTM—were applied, with LSTM showing the best performance. The findings demonstrate that neural networks, especially LSTM, can effectively predict LiB degradation without complex models, using readily available cycling data.
Narrow-Spectrum WSe2 Nanosheet Antibiotics for the Therapy of Multi-Drug Resistant Bacterial Infections
Authors: So Yoonhee , Choi Chanhee , Choi Yujin , Shin Jaehoon , Yu Yejoo , Kim Jong-Ho
Published: December 2024

Abuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics not only causes intestinal microbial imbalance but also emerges bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. Therefore, it is an urgent task to develop narrow-spectrum antibiotics and new bactericidal mechanisms to overcome the limitations of broad-spectrum antibiotics for the effective therapy of bacterial infections. Herein, we present ultrathin WSe2 and MoSe2 nanosheets exfoliated and functionalized with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA-WSe2 and PAA-MoSe2) in an aqueous solution as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic or a species-specific agent, respectively, to treat bacterial infection diseases. PAA-WSe2 nanosheets exhibited bactericidal activity only against gram-positive bacteria including multidrug-resistant S. aureus, whereas PAA-MoSe2 showed selective bactericidal activity against S. aureus only. Moreover, PAA-WSe2 accelerated the oxidation-reduction reaction mediated by lipoteichoic acid, a component of the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria, producing Se4+ for antibacterial activity. Subsequently, the PAA-WSe2 nanosheets induced depolarization and disruption of the bacteria-cytoplasmic membrane for the complete eradication of gram-positive bacteria. PAA-TMD nanosheets, including PAA-WSe2 and PAA-MoSe2, also exhibited outstanding biocompatibility against normal cells and high hemocompatibility with red blood cells. Finally, PAA-WSe2 nanosheets effectively eradicated S. aureus infecting the wounds of mice, showing excellent therapeutic effects in vivo. These results suggest that PAA-WSe2 has been developed as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic used for various bacterial infections.

Figure 1
Multi-Frequency Ultrasonic Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes As Cathode Additives for the High Performance Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yoon Ki Ro
Published: December 2024

Given the expanding market of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the electric vehicles and energy storage systems, improving their energy density is highly needed. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can offer wider conductive network, ~10% higher electrical conductivity than the conventional carbon black, and thus higher energy and power densities than the LIBs using carbon black. However, the inherent aggregation of as-synthesized CNTs and poor dispersion with high agglomeration feature lead to poor performance. In this work, we have devised an approach for producing high quality CNTs pre-dispersion by utilizing the multi-frequency ultrasonic techniques. The effectiveness of CNT pre-dispersion was characterized by using various analysis such as the viscosity, particle size analyzers, microstructural distribution and interfacial resistance of prepared electrodes. The benefits of multi-frequency treated CNT additives on the LIBs were evaluated by electrochemical half-cell measurements.