bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise dos Motivos dos Jovens e Adultos consumirem Álcool
Authors: Soares Fernanda de Jesus , Oliveira Daiana Cirqueira , Oliveira Paula Rocha , Lima Tatiane Souza , Alves Adriana Lopes Rodrigues , Silva Matheus Lemos , Duarte Stênio Fernando Pimentel
Published: June 2017

O álcool é uma droga lícita responsável por deprimir o Sistema Nervoso Central e é tida como uma das substâncias com maior grau de consumo a nível mundial, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHO) traz que em média dois bilhões de pessoas fazem o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, compreendendo tanto o uso por dependentes quanto o uso social. A indústria do marketing do álcool nos dias atuais age globalmente, tanto em países industrializados quando nos que ainda estão em desenvolvimento. Entretanto existem fatores além do marketing e o fácil acesso ao álcool, que podem levar ao seu consumo, como o incentivo através de amizades, isso se deve principalmente a necessidade de se enquadrar em grupos na sociedade. Esse artigo traz como objetivo a análise desses motivos pelos quais os jovens e adultos consomem o álcool. Metodologia: O presente estudo faz parte do projeto “Identificando o perfil epidemiológico da Obesidade em Vitória da Conquista” idealizado pelo Núcleo de Extensão, Pesquisa e Estudo de Doenças Crônicas – NEPEDC da Faculdade Independente do Nordeste.  O procedimento portou-se inicialmente através da aplicação de questionário, instrumento para coleta de dados que continha perguntas pertinente ao estudo, seguido de uma segunda entrevista realizada via ligação telefônica. Esses procedimentos foram realizados com indivíduos aleatórios, com faixa etária entre 20 a 59 anos, considerados jovens adultos. Resultados: A prevalência entre jovens e adultos é de 16% Jovens adultos, 59% Adultos e 21% Adultos velhos. A idade de inicio do consumo de álcool, 61% relataram que foi ainda na adolescência e 39% já na fase adulta. Em relação aos motivos que levam os jovens e adultos consumirem álcool 57% disseram ser para interagir com colegas, 16% para distrair-se de alguma situação/ problema, 14% para aliviar tensão/stress, 7% disseram beber por lazer, 4% em expectativa em algo positivo e 2% para aumento de confiança em situações com outras pessoas. Em relação aos meios que induziram os pesquisados a consumirem bebidas alcoólicas pela primeira vez, 68% disseram ter experimentado através de amigos, 23% por interesse próprio/curiosidade e 9% por meio de parentes. Nos resultados, dos lugares em que os pesquisados consomem álcool com mais frequência, 34% disseram ser em casa, 31% em bares, 29% em casas de amigos e 6% em clubes. Conclusão: Esta pesquisa foi voltada para análise dos motivos que levam os jovens e adultos a consumirem álcool, e em concordância com a avaliação dos dados e as informações literárias, é possível concluir que este consumo possa ser influenciado por diversos fatores. Notasse que a sociedade impõe de certo modo, normas e valores que seriam essenciais para uma harmonia social e hoje o uso de bebidas alcoólicas na sociedade está diretamente ligado a própria vivência que assegura uma vida social.
Copa do Mundo no Brasil: um espaço para a criação de neologismos
Authors: Socreppa Schultz Benilde , Sipavicius Seide Marcia
Published: June 2017

A palavra, definida como unidade lexical, pode ser considerada como o retrato de uma sociedade em seus diversos níveis de manifestação, pois, por ela e através dela, são representadas as mais variadas situações sociais e culturais. A realização de um evento nas proporções da Copa do Mundo no Brasil é um espaço que se configura ideal para a criação de novos itens lexicais, pois a inventividade e a alegria pelo evento realizado dá lugar à ludicidade, sobretudo na elaboração de novos neologismos. Para Alves (2014), o aspecto lúdico na criação de neologismos está presente em todos os gêneros discursivos, como o humorístico, literário, publicitário e jornalístico. Para este artigo, pesquisamos, durante o mês da realização da Copa do Mundo de 2014, os neologismos presentes em três revistas e jornais online: Globo Esporte, Revista Veja e Gazeta do Povo. A recolha dos dados revelou-se interessantíssima, desde o nome dado aos novos estádios, à nova bola, feita especialmente para a ocasião. Esse megaevento deu vasão a uma explosão de palavras com novas significações, neologismos talvez ocasionais, mas que caracterizam a capacidade inventiva do nosso povo e da língua como matriz de uma cultura. Ao denominar um estádio de futebol de Arena, cria-se um neologismo, pois o termo é latino, e segundo o Houaiss, trata-se de um espaço utilizado, desde os tempos romanos, para as disputas entre gladiadores e mais recentemente nas touradas. Examinaremos também o contexto e os processos das criações neológicas do corpus recolhido.
Antroponímia ficcional: o caso de Ubirajara, de José de Alencar
Authors: Eckert Kleber , Röhrig Maiquel
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo tem como tema uma abordagem interdisciplinar entre a Onomástica – ciência que estuda os nomes próprios – e a Literatura Brasileira, mais especificamente a prosa indianista de José de Alencar escrita durante o Romantismo. O objetivo central é a análise etimológica e simbólica dos nomes dos principais personagens do romance indianista Ubirajara, a fim de verificar se existe uma relação entre o significado do nome e o comportamento ou as características físicas desses personagens. Para tanto, discutem-se conceitos básicos de antroponímia, que é o ramo da onomástica responsável pelo estudo dos nomes próprios de pessoas, bem como questões relativas à forma como os povos indígenas ameríndios, sobretudo os de origem tupi-guarani, nomeavam os integrantes de suas tribos. A análise etimológica dos nomes dos personagens possibilitou que se chegasse à conclusão de que existe uma estreita relação entre o significado dos nomes e as características dos personagens, o que leva a crer que a escolha dos nomes por parte do autor não foi fortuita, e sim, etimológica e simbolicamente motivada.
Human Development, Banking Development and the Quality of Local Government: The Case of Indonesia
Authors: Cahyaningsih Dewanti , Trinugroho Irwan
Published: June 2017

We extend the study of Trinugroho et al. (2015) by focusing on the effect of human development on banking development and the moderating effect of the quality of local government on the link between human development and banking development. We use unique data set by disentangling the type of banks (commercial bank, rural bank, and the total of both) to measure financial development. This research uses panel data at the provincial level for the period of 2010-2014. Generally, it could be concluded that human development has positive effect on banking development. To some extent, the quality of local government is found to strengthen the impact of human development on banking development.
Eskisehir cuisine in the menus of food and beverage businesses in Eskisehir
Eskişehir’deki yiyecek içecek işletmelerinin menülerinde Eskişehir mutfağının yeri
Authors: Dündar Arıkan Alev
Published: June 2017

Regional cuisine and hence regional food has an important role in terms of both their intangible cultural heritage property and being among the destinations attractive elements. Preserving regional food and transferring them to future generations can be provided through promoting recognition and use. This study includes a qualitative research wich on the menus of hotel restaurants and independent food and beverage businesses in order to determine the extent of Eskisehir cuisine provided, analyzing the local food defined through literature review. The research is based on content analysis of menus of 53 food and beverage companies, conducted in April, 2016. The results of this study not only show the current situation about the local dishes which is an important tourist attraction how used in Eskişehir but also guide the determination of the local foods that can be offered in the enterprises operating in Eskişehir. The results indicate that Eskisehir cuisine is not provided enough both by hotel restaurants and independent food and beverage businesses, and majority of the businesses do not offer local foods in their menus. Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetYöresel mutfak ve dolayısıyla yöresel yemekler gerek somut olmayan kültürel miras özelliği taşıması gerekse destinasyonların çekicilik unsurları arasında yer alması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Yöresel yemeklerin turistik çekicilik amaçlı kullanılabilmesi yanında yaşatılması ve gelecek nesillere aktarılabilmesi de onların tanınırlığının ve kullanımının yaygınlaştırılması ile sağlanabilir. Bu çalışma, alanyazın taramasına dayalı olarak belirlenen Eskişehir mutfağına ait yöresel yemeklerin, Eskişehir’de gerek otel işletmelerine bağlı gerekse bağımsız olarak faaliyet gösteren yiyecek içecek işletmelerinin menülerinde ne derece sunulduğunu belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen nitel bir araştırmayı içermektedir. Araştırma, 2016 yılı nisan ayı içerisinde 53 adet yiyecek içecek işletmenin menüleri üzerinden gerçekleştirilen içerik analizine dayalıdır. Bu çalışma ile edilen sonuçlar, önemli bir turistik çekicilik unsuru olan yöresel yemeklerin Eskişehir’de ne derece kullanılmakta olduğuna dair mevcut durumu ortaya koymanın yanında, Eskişehir’de faaliyet gösteren yeme-içme işletmelerinde sunulabilecek yöresel yemeklerin belirlenmesinde de yol gösterici niteliktedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları genel olarak Eskişehir’de faaliyet gösteren gerek bağımsız gerekse otel işletmelerine bağlı restoranların menülerinde yöresel yemeklere yeterince yer verilmediğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Kinetika Metanolisis Minyak Biji Kapuk dengan Katalisator Zeolit
Authors: Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Murachman B , Bendiyasa I M.
Published: June 2017

Minyak nabati dapat dikembangkan menjadi sumber energy alternatif pengganti bahan bakar berasal dari minyak umi dan gas alam. Reaksi metanolisis minyak biji kapuk dapat menghasilkan ester asam lemak dan gliserol. Metal ester asam lemak adalah bahan yang sangat potensial sebagai pengganti bahan bakar disel. Percobaan metanolisis minyak bbiji kapuk dan methanol dengan katalisator zeolit telah dilakukan dalam sebuah autoklaf yang dilengkapi dengan pengatur suhu, pengatur kecepatan pengadukan, dan pengukur tekanan. Percobaan pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa pada ratio minyak kapuk:methanol = 1:6 maka kecepatan reaksi mengikuti orde satu. Selanjutnya percobaandilakukan pada perbandingan tersebut, dengan penambahan katalis. Pada tiap percobaan suhu dan tekanan dijaga konstan, pengambilan sampel pertama pada saat suhu yang diinginkan tercapai dan selanjutnya sampel diambiltiap selang waktu 10 menit. Peubah yang dipelajari antara lain temperature, ukuran partikel, dan jumlah katalis terhadap konversi reaksi. Temperatur yang dipelajaripada range 90-130 0C, ukuran partikel zeolit 0,26 mm sampai 0,93 mm dan jumlah katalis 0 sampai 0,053 g/cm3. Berdasarkan model kinetika yang diajukan, maka tahanan difusi intrapartikel dapat diabaikan karena evektiveness factor mendekati 1. Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh kecepatan difusi eksternal jauh lebih besar daripada kecepatan reaksi, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa sistem dipengaruhi rejim kimia. Nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi dapat dinyatakan dengan persamaan Arrhenius yaitu k= 2,708x103 e-10556/RT.Kata kunci : kinetika reaksi, metanolisis minyak disel.
Evaluasi Dan Modifikasi Proses Pemisahan Dan Pemurnian Etanol Hasil Fermentasi
Authors: Widayat Widayat , Sitompul J. P. , Soerawidjaja T. H.
Published: June 2017

Evaluasi dan modifikasi proses merupakan salah satu usaha untuk penghematan energy, yang dapat dilakukan untuk teknologi pinch. Evaluasi proses dilakukan terhadao tiga buah konfigurasi proses. Setiap konfigurasi proses terbentuk dari penggabungan proses Danish Distilleries dengan tiga buah sistem tiga kolom pemisahan etanol 95%. Konfigurasi proses 1 merupakanpenggabunagn proses Danish Distilleries dengan sistem pemisahan Othmer, penggabungan proses Danish Distilleris dengan proses Barbet sebagai konfigurasi proses 2 dan penggabungan proses Danish Distilleris dengan sistem pemisahan pada tekanan vakum sebagai proses 3. Kapasitas produksi etanol 95% ditetapkan 4x107 liter/tahun.hasil evaluasi proses menunjukkan kebutuhan kukus minimum/terkecil dicapai oleh proses 2, kemudian proses 1 dan proses 3, masing-masing mengonsumsi 3,23; 4,11; 4,79 kgkukus 3 atm/liter etanol. Evaluasi lebih lanjut dengan, ∆Tmin = 10 0C, peningkatan efisiensi energy diperoleh pada konfigurasi proses 1 sebesar 2,11% ( jika evaluasi melibatkan reboiler kolom pelucutan dan reboiler kolom pelucutan asetaldehid) dan 2,02% (jika tidak melibatkan) dan konfigurasi proses 2 ( jika evaluasi tidak melibatkan reboiler kolom pelucutan dan reboiler kolom pelucutan asetaldehid) dan 3 terjadi penurunan efisiensi energy. Kata kunci : evaluasi, modifikasi proses, teknologi pinch
Pemekatan gliserol dengan reserve osmosis
Authors: Widiasa I. N. , Wisjnuprapto Wisjnuprapto , Wenten I. G.
Published: June 2017

Pemisahan enzim dan pemekatan produk masih menjadi kendala utama dalam aplikasi proses hidrolisis minyak/lemak secara enzimatis untuk skala industry. Dalam makalah ini akan dipaparkan kemungkinan proses reserve osmosis tekanan rendah untuk roses pemekatan larutan gliserol. Tiga tipe membrane reserve osmosis yang tersedia di pasaran dari Millipore, yakni R-15A (poliamida), R-25A (poliamida), dan R-45P (polisulfon tersulfonasi), telah digunakan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa fluks permeat meningkat secara linear terhadap tekanan operasi. Selain itu, tekanan operasi juga meningkatkan selektivitas umpan. Secara umum, membrane R-15A memberikan selektivitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan membrane R-25A dan membrane R-45P, tetapi memberikan fluks yang lebih rendah. Untuk umpan dengan konsentrasi gliserol kurang dari 60.000 ppm, membrane R-25A lebih direkomendasikan karena memberikan fluks lebih dari 40% fluks air murni dan rejeksi masih di atas 85%. Prningkatan nilai Cm dan k terhadap kenaikan operasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi percobaan masih di daerah kendali tekanan. Kata kunci : hidrolisis minyak, pemekatan gliserol, reserve osmosis
Counter-Elites Swimming Up-Stream: The Challenge of Pursuing a Political Rights Agenda where Economic Rights Trump
Authors: Grodsky Brian Keith
Published: June 2017

The most recent spate of ‘democratic revolutions’, ushering in the fourth wave of democratization, seems to lend support to those advocating for the primacy of political and civil rights, over economic, cultural and social ones, in the human rights framework. In this article, I challenge that idea, arguing instead that the most recent regime changes, like so many that have preceded them, were, if anything, more about economic rights than political ones. I reassess not only the most recent ‘revolutions’, but also those that took place over the course of the 20th century, showing commonalities among the human rights goals of communists, anti-communists and contemporary pro-democracy leaders. By framing these various revolutionaries as human rights agents, and mass publics as their allies, this article is designed to engage readers in a debate about what, if any, sorts of rights truly hold primacy. The difference between today’s pro-democracy leaders and yesterday’s communist ones rests on the perceived international legitimacy of the democratic template. Yet all of these leaders, I argue, have essentially struggled for political change not as an end, but as a means to improved economic rights.
The History of Human Rights: The Big Bang of an Emerging Field or Flash in the Pan?
Authors: Ballinger Pamela
Published: June 2017

This article explores the emerging historiography of human rights. After reviewing the current emphasis in the literature on the origins of human rights, the essay inquires into possible futures of this nascent historical field. What might scholarly interest in more unified frames of knowledge that bridge the natural and the cultural realms mean for future historiographies of human rights?
The Knowledge Frame System based on Principles of Topological Functioning Model
Authors: Nazaruks Vladislavs
Published: June 2017

Understanding of domain phenomena and their interrelations is necessary for successful software development. The knowledge frame system based on principles of Topological Functioning Modelling (TFM) can be used for this purpose at the Computation Independent level within Model Driven Development. Research on knowledge formats showed that inferring in the closed world paradigm and similarity to the object-oriented paradigm made frames an attractive candidate to the knowledge representation format. Frames can hold information necessary for generation of the TFM. The knowledge system based on the principles of the TFM does not allow inferring ambiguous facts and leads to the more complete discovery of knowledge.
The influence of geometric imperfections on the stability of three-layer beams with foam core
Authors: Wstawska Iwona
Published: June 2017

The main objective of this work is the numerical analysis (FE analysis) of stability of three-layer beams with metal foam core (alumina foam core). The beams were subjected to pure bending. The analysis of the local buckling was performed. Furthermore, the influence of geometric parameters of the beam and material properties of the core (linear and non-linear model) on critical loads values and buckling shape were also investigated. The calculations were made on a family of beams with different mechanical properties of the core (elastic and elastic-plastic material). In addition, the influence of geometric imperfections on deflection and normal stress values of the core and the faces has been evaluated.
The influence of atmospheric circulation on bioclimatic conditions in Lublin (Poland)
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Wereski Sylwester , Krzyżewska Agnieszka , Dobek Mateusz
Published: June 2017

This study evaluates the relationship between atmospheric circulation conditions and the frequency of heat/cold stress in Lublin in the years 1951-2010 according to the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The paper outlines the frequency and conditional probability of heat/cold stress during particular circulation types and analyses the circulation patterns that induce these incidences. Increased wind velocity had a significant effect on creating unfavourable bioclimatic conditions in winter. Meanwhile, in summer, heat stress was observed almost exclusively when a high pressure system from eastern Europe induced a slow inflow of very warm air masses from the east or south.
An algorithm for a new method of change-point analysis in the independent Poisson sequence
Authors: Hirotsu Chihiro , Tsuruta Harukazu
Published: June 2017

Step change-point and slope change-point models in the independent Poisson sequence are developed based on accumulated and doubly-accumulated statistics. The method for the step change-point model developed in Section 2 is an alternative to the likelihood ratio test of Worsley (1986) and the algorithm for p-value calculation based on the first-order Markov property is the same as that given there. Different algorithms for the non-null distribution and inference on the change-point itself are, however, newly developed and a Pascal program is given in the Appendix. These methods are extended to the slope change-point model in Section 3. The approach is essentially the same as that of Section 2 but the algorithm is now based on the second-order Markov property and becomes a little more complicated. The Pascal program related to the slope change-point model is supported on the website, URL: https://corec.meisei-u.ac.jp/labs/hirotsu/.
A conditional linear Gaussian network to assess the impact of several agronomic settings on the quality of Tuscan Sangiovese grapes
Authors: Magrini Alessandro , Di Blasi Stefano , Stefanini Federico Mattia
Published: June 2017

In this paper, a Conditional Linear Gaussian Network (CLGN) model is built for a two-year experiment on Tuscan Sangiovese grapes involving canopy management techniques (number of buds, defoliation and bunch thinning) and harvest time (technological and late harvest). We found that the impact of the considered treatments on the color of wine can be predicted still in the vegetative season of the grapevine; the best treatments to obtain wines with good structure are those with a low number of buds; the best treatments to obtain fresh wines suitable for young consumers are those with technological rather than late harvest, preferably with a high number of buds, and anyway with both defoliation and bunch thinning not performed.
Identification of Mandarin coarticulated tones by inexperienced and experienced English learners of Mandarin
Authors: He Yunjuan , Wayland Ratree
Published: June 2017

Two groups of native English speakers, relatively inexperienced (N = 14) with 3 months of Mandarin study and relatively more experienced (N = 14) with 12 months of study, were asked to identify coarticulated Mandarin lexical tones in disyllabic words. The results show that 1) the experienced learners were better at identifying Mandarin tones than the inexperienced learners, 2) Tones in coarticulation were more difficult to identify than tones in isolation, 3) tonal context and syllable position affected tonal perception, and 4) experienced learners committed fewer tonal direction errors than inexperienced learners. However, experienced learners still made a considerable amount of tonal height errors.
Kult, Konflikt und Konversion
Authors: Felcht Frederike
Published: June 2017

Torgrim Eggen’s Hilal (1995) is an early example of literature on the
subject of Islam in Norway in its global contexts. As a romantic love story
with elements of an action thriller and science fiction in form of future
technological inventions, the novel combines an intense reading experience
with thought provoking reflections on the role of religion and religious
conflicts in secular societies.

Based on Almuth Hammer’s ideas on the relationship between religion and
literature as well as Jan Assmann’s theses on functions of oral and written
language in religions, my essay analyzes the representation of Islam in
Hilal and shows parallels between the structure of love and faith in the
novel.
Noras Weihnachtsbaum. Säkularisierung als Forschungsfrage an den Modernen
Durchbruch
Authors: Schiedermair Joachim
Published: June 2017

The article reexamines the topic of religion in Henrik Ibsen’s play Et
dukkehjem, inspired by Annegret Heitmann’s research concerning the Modern
Breakthrough and her reassessment of the term, which leaves Georg Brandes’
dialectic definition behind and makes space for the ambivalences that come
along with the significant societal changes of the 19
Adverse eff ects of polymeric nanoparticle poly(ethylene glycol)- block-polylactide methyl ether (PEG-b-PLA) on steroid hormone secretion by porcine granulosa cells
Authors: Scsukova Sona , Bujnakova Mlynarcikova A. , Kiss A. , Rollerova E.
Published: June 2017

Objectives. Development of nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications, including medical imaging and drug delivery, is currently undergoing a dramatic expansion. Diverse effects of different type NPs relating to mammalian reproductive tissues have been demonstrated. Th e objective of this study was to explore the in vitro effects of polymeric nanoparticle poly(ethylene glycol)-blockpolylactide methyl ether (PEG-b-PLA NPs) on functional state and viability of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), which play an important role in maintaining ovarian function and female fertility.

Methods. The GCs isolated from porcine ovarian follicles were incubated with the different concentrations of PEG-b-PLA NPs (PEG average Mn=350 g/mol and PLA average Mn=1000 g/mol; 0.2-100 μg/ml) or poly(ethylene glycol) with an average molecular weight of 300 (PEG-300; 0.2- 40 mg/ml) in the presence or absence of stimulators, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; 1 μg/ml), androstenedione (100 nM), forskolin (10 μM) or 8Br-cAMP (100 μM), for different time periods (24, 48, 72 h). At the end of the incubation, progesterone and estradiol levels produced by GCs were measured in the culture media by radioimmunoassay. Th e viability of GCs was determined by the method using a colorimetric assay with MTT.

Results. Treatment of GCs with PEG-b-PLA NPs induced a significant decrease in basal as well as FSH-stimulated progesterone secretion above the concentration of 20 and 4 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, PEG-b-PLA NPs reduced forskolin-stimulated, but not cAMP-stimulated progesterone production by GCs. A dose-dependent inhibition of androstenedione-stimulated estradiol release by GCs was found by the action of PEG-b-PLA NPs. Incubation of GCs with PEG-300 significantly inhibited basal as well as FSH-stimulated progesterone secretion above the concentration of 40 mg/ml. PEG-b-PLA NPs and PEG-300 significantly reduced the viability of GCs at the highest tested concentrations (100 μg/ml and 40 mg/ml, respectively).

Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that polymeric NPs PEG-b-PLA might induce alterations in steroid hormone production by ovarian GCs and thereby could modify reproductive functions.
Exact Solution of the Harmonic Problem for a Rectangular Plate in Flat Deformation by the Method of Initial Functions
Authors: Olodo E.T. , Adanhounme V. , Hounkonnou M.N.
Published: June 2017

A wide range of applications is based nowadays on analytical developments which allow a precise and effective approach and short time of computations compared with the time required for numerical methods; in this way these developments are suitable for calculations in real time. This work proposes an approach for solving a two-dimensional harmonic problem of a rectangular plate under local surface loading using Vlasov’s symbolic method of initial functions and a general solution of the harmonic equation for a rectangle. Substituting the harmonic functions in symbolic form for the corresponding solutions allows us to give the exact solution of the problem in trigonometric form.
Thinkie: Lautes Denken mit Spracherkennung (mobil) / Thinkie – Mobile Thinking-Aloud with Siri / Thinkie – une app pour la pensée à voix haute avec Siri
Authors: Endres-Niggemeyer Brigitte
Published: June 2017

Lautes Denken ist eine bewährte Methode zum Erforschen kognitiver Prozesse. Es wird in vielen Disziplinen benutzt, z. B. um aufzudecken, welche Erfahrungen Benutzer bei der Interaktion mit Computerschnittstellen machen. Nach einer kurzen Erklärung des Lauten Denkens wird die App Thinkie vorgestellt. Thinkie ist eine mobile Lösung für das Laute Denken auf iPhone und iPad. Die Testperson nimmt auf dem iPhone den Ton auf. Die Spracherkennungssoftware Siri (http://www.apple.com/de/ios/siri/) transkribiert ihn. Parallel wird auf dem iPad oder einem anderen Gerät gefilmt. Auf dem iPad kann man - mit Video im Blick - das Transkript aufarbeiten und interpretieren. Die Textdateien transportiert Thinkie über eine Cloud-Kollektion, die Filme werden mit iTunes übertragen. Thinkie ist noch nicht tauglich für den praktischen Gebrauch. Noch sind die Sequenzen zu kurz, die Siri verarbeiten kann. Das wird sich ändern.
“Bands of Brothers”: Warfare and Fraternity in Early Rome
Authors: Armstrong Jeremy
Published: June 2017

Family bonds, and particularly fraternal relationships, play key roles in many of the narratives relating to Rome’s Regal and early Republican periods. In particular, the literary sources for these periods are full of references to brothers standing side by side, fighting for, and in many ways embodying (sometimes quite literally), the various social and political entities which were struggling for supremacy in archaic Latium. The present study will endeavour to tease out some of the nuances of this bond and explain how the concept of brotherhood in early Roman narratives seems to differ from that presented in accounts relating to the late Republic. It will accomplish this using four case studies in early Roman brotherhood—Romulus and Remus, the Dioscuri, the Battle of the Champions, and the archaic
A Wheelchair Control System Using Human-Machine Interaction: Single-Modal and Multimodal Approaches
Authors: Shahin Mohamed K. , Tharwat Alaa , Gaber Tarek , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: June 2017

Recent research studies showed that brain-controlled systems/devices are breakthrough technology. Such devices can provide disabled people with the power to control the movement of the wheelchair using different signals (e.g. EEG signals, head movements, and facial expressions). With this technology, disabled people can remotely steer a wheelchair, a computer, or a tablet. This paper introduces a simple, low-cost human-machine interface system to help chaired people to control their wheelchair using several control sources. To achieve this paper’s aim, a laptop was installed on a wheelchair in front of the sitting person, and the 14-electrode Emotiv EPOC headset was used to collect the person’s head impressions from the skull surface. The superficially picked-up signals, containing the brain thoughts, head gestures, and facial emotions, were electrically encoded and then wirelessly sent to a personal computer to be interpreted and then translated into useful control instructions. Using these signals, two wheelchair control modes were proposed: automatic (using single-modal and multimodal approaches) and manual control. The automatic mode controller was accomplished using a software controller (Arduino), whereas a simple hardware controller was used for the manual mode. The proposed solution was designed using wheelchair, Emotiv EPOC EEG headset, Arduino microcontroller, and Processing language. It was then tested by totally chaired volunteers under different levels of trajectories. The results showed that the person’s thoughts can be used to seamlessly control his/her wheelchair and the proposed system can be configured to suit many levels and degrees of disability.
Serological survey of the influenza A virus in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds in 2011–2015
Authors: Czyżewska-Dors Ewelina , Dors Arkadiusz , Kwit Krzysztof , Pejsak Zygmunt , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata
Published: June 2017

Introduction:The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of swine influenza A virus (SIV) in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds.

Material and Methods:Serum samples collected from 5,952 pigs, from 145 farrow-to-finish herds were tested for the presence of antibodies against H1N1, H1N1pdm09, H1N2, and H3N2 SIV subtypes using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Samples with HI titres equal or higher than 20 were considered positive.

Results:HI antibodies to at least one of the analysed SIV subtypes were detected in 129 (89%) herds and in 2,263 (38%) serum samples. Antibodies to multiple SIV subtypes were detected in 104 (71.7%) herds and in 996 (16.7%) serum samples. Concerning the seroprevalence rate, according to age category, the highest prevalence of the antibodies was detected in weaners, with regard to the H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, and in sows, with regard to the H1N1pdm09. The lowest seroprevalence for all evaluated SIV subtypes was detected in finishers.

Conclusion:The study indicates that antibodies against single and multiple SIV subtypes are circulating in Polish farrow-to-finish herds and highlights the importance of conducting a molecular surveillance programme in future studies.
Dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites and their association with public health in Iran
Authors: Kohansal Mohammad Hasan , Fazaeli Asghar , Nourian Abbasali , Haniloo Ali , Kamali Koorosh
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Dogs harbour zoonotic parasites that cause serious infections in humans, such as visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans, cystic echinococcosis, and alveolar echinococcosis. Studies on dogs’ gastrointestinal parasites in different geographical locations are required to increase knowledge of the risk of canine zoonoses in human populations.

Material and Methods: The presence of parasites was examined in 450 faecal samples collected from eight zones of Zanjan province, northwest Iran from June to November 2015. The samples were examined using the sedimentation concentration method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining.

Results: Gastrointestinal parasites were found in 86 (19.1%) faecal samples. Sarcocystis spp. (7.3%), Taenia/Echinococcus spp. (5.6%), Toxocara spp. (1.8%), and Cystoisospora spp. (1.6%) were the most common parasites observed. The other detected parasites consisted of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.7%), Eimeria spp. (0.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (0.4%), Physaloptera spp. (0.4%), Giardia spp. (1.3%), and Spirocerca lupi (1.3%). The lowest parasite infection rates belonged to Trichuris vulpis and Acanthocephalans (0.2% each).

Conclusion: This study provides current information on the infection rates in dog populations in Zanjan Province. Furthermore, the study shows a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infections, including zoonotic ones and particularly Taenia/Echinococcus spp., potentially transmissible to humans and thus relevant to public health.
Strength Analysis of a Steel Structure of Weights Boxes by Means of Simulation Computations
Authors: Blatnický Miroslav , Dižo Ján , Steišūnas Stasys
Published: June 2017

In this article the strength analyses of weights boxes are presented. Boxes are designed as a welded steel structure at which weights with total mass almost ten tons are stored in them. These boxes are an integral part of a mechanism intended for calibration of the mass measurement device. The article contains on one hand the basic scope of the theory of elasticity and strength analysis and on the other hand the numerical computations of the structure by using the Finite Element Method. Based on results the structure of weights boxes was modified in order to satisfy the defined safety factor.
Effect of sources of sweetpotato planting material for quality vine and root yield
Authors: Abidin Putri E. , Akansake Daniel A. , Asare Kwabena B. , Acheremu Kwabena , Carey Edward E.
Published: June 2017

Commercialization of sweetpotato vines is persistent if multipliers show evidence of superiority of their vines. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of net tunnel source and of pathogen-tested planting material compared to “apparently” healthy vines on yield and health status at three defined environments in Northern Ghana during the rainy season of 2015. Sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) and weevils were considered. Four varieties were investigated, the pathogen-tested vines of Dadanyuie, Bohye and Ligri, and “apparently” healthy vines of Apomuden from the negative selection technique. All planting materials taken from the net tunnel and open field were from the same location. Eight treatment combinations were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replicates. Planting distance was 0.30 m x 1 m. Weeding was done and fertilizer was applied as necessary. General and three-way analysis of variance were computed using Genstat. Highly significant differences were found among varieties and trial sites for plant establishment, foliage yield, root yield, weevil, and SPVD. The two sources were not significantly different. For varieties across sites, net tunnel source was better than open field. The apparently healthy vines might be effective as pathogentested vines. Net tunnels may have a distinct advantage for multiplication and maintenance.
Discrimination of patterns of N-acetylation in chitooligosaccharides by gas phase IR spectroscopy integrated to mass spectrometry
Authors: Wattjes Jasper , Schindler Baptiste , Trombotto Stéphane , David Laurent , Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Compagnon Isabelle
Published: June 2017

We propose a novel, bi-dimensional analysis of partially N-acetylated chitosan oligosaccharides based on gas phase Infra-Red spectroscopy integrated to mass spectrometry (MS). By providing simultaneously MS and IR fingerprints, this approach combines the advantages of MS with the refined structural detail offered by gas phase spectroscopy and provides robust signatures for the rapid discrimination of the patterns of N-acetylation. Four mono-N-deacetylated and two doubly-N-deacetylated chitosan tetramer standards with well-defined patterns of acetylation were produced and analyzed by IR integrated to MS. We show that each sequence displays a unique combination of MS and IR fingerprints, thus offering a rapid diagnostic for the pattern of acetylation without the need for reducing end labeling.
How to Get Free Will from Positive Reinforcement
Authors: Kirkeby-Hinrup Asger
Published: June 2017

I will start by noting that Harry Frankfurt’s concept of wholeheartedness is in conflict with the intuition that free will should be efficacious in general rather than pertain only to a small subset of decisions. To replace wholeheartedness I introduce a heuristic account for deliberation and decisions. I will show that introspective activity can lead to the individual having two types of “introspective revelations”. By the onset of the introspective revelations, a self-perpetuating loop is initiated. The loop consists of two elements positively reinforcing each other. The two elements are introspective activity and introspective revelations. The effect is a propensity to ask oneself “what do I want?” whenever faced with a choice. This propensity, I submit, can give us what we want if we want free will.
Der Schiedsspruch zum Südchinesischen Meer und die Reaktionen Beijings
Authors: Mohr Johannes
Published: June 2017

Kurzfassung:

Das 2016 abgeschlossene, von den Philippinen initiierte Schiedsverfahren zur Südchinesischen See hat dazu geführt, dass weitgehend alle maritimen Ansprüche Chinas als rechtlich unwirksam erklärt worden sind. Auch die Aufschüttung künstlicher Inseln durch China wurde als widerrechtlich bezeichnet. China hat verbal sehr scharf darauf reagiert und die Zuständigkeit und Unabhängigkeit des Schiedsgerichtes bezweifelt. Diese Reaktionen muss man noch als relativ zurückhaltend bewerten, denn außer verbalen Attacken hat China im Gegensatz zu vielen Erwartungen wenig unternommen.
Assessment of macroprolactinemia inpatients with prolactinoma
Authors: Dogansen Sema Ciftci , Yalin Gulsah Yenidunya , Yarman Sema
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Macroprolactin, the high-molecular mass prolactin isoform, is considered to be an inactive product with extrapituitary origin. Although macroprolactinemia is considered a benign condition, there is evidence of overlapping clinical features among patients with hyperprolactinemia. Data on the prevalence of macroprolactinemia in prolactinomas is also quite limited. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of macroprolactinemia in our patients with prolactinoma.

Methods

The study included patients with macroprolactinoma (n=50) and microprolactinoma (n=16). Prolactin level was measured with an electrochemiluminescent immunoassay, and macroprolactinemia was defined as the percentage of prolactin recovery <40% after the polyethylene glycol precipitation.

Results

Macroprolactinemia was not detected in our patients with prolactinoma (the percentage of PRL recovery range; 55%–96%). The mean percentage of prolactin recovery was similar in patients with macroprolactinoma and microprolactinoma (67.7%±8.0% and 70%±9.4%, respectively, p=0.96).

Conclusion

Macroprolactinemia is generally associated with negative findings on pituitary imaging. Although the monomeric prolactin is dominant, rarely macroprolactin may also be present in prolactinomas. We did not detect presence of macroprolactin in any of the patients and there was no statistically significant difference between micro- and macroprolactinomas in terms of prolactin recovery.
A New Genus, New Species and New Records of Ulidiidae (Diptera, Tephritoidea) from Colombia
Authors: Kameneva E. P. , Korneyev V. A. , Ramos-Pastrana Y.
Published: June 2017

A preliminary list of the picture-winged flies known from Columbia is supplemented by 15 species based predominantly on the materials from the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA and now contains 28 species, including Xycores igniceps gen. & sp. n. from Venezuela and Colombia. The new genus belongs to the subfamily Otitinae and is preliminarily assigned to the tribe Cephaliini by the combination of the high clypeus, strongly widened palp, setulose vein R1, and ejaculator with short sperm pump and long fan-like apodeme. It clearly differs from other members of the tribe by the combination of elongate, narrow, apically truncated flagellomere 1, robust, mainly shining thorax with pair of microtrichose vittae, well developed proepisternal, postpronotal, acrostichal, 2 pairs of dorsocentral and scutellar setae, wing with entirely setulose vein R1 abdominal tergites devoid of microtrichia, sternites and abdominal pleura narrow, male genitalia with short epandrium, numerous (7–8) prensisetae arranged into a row along posterior margin, shallow hypandrium with pair of setulose pregonites, no postgonites or epiphallus, and an almost bare phallus with a pair of long spines submedially.
Analysis of Peristaltic Transport of Non-Newtonian Fluids Through Nonuniform Tubes: Rabinowitsch Fluid Model
Authors: Singh U.P. , Medhavi Amit , Gupta R.S. , Bhatt Siddharth Shankar
Published: June 2017

Peristaltic transport is an important mechanism of physiological phenomenon and peristaltic pumps. With the advancement of medical science, it has been established that the physiological fluids do not behave like Newtonian fluids. Therefore, in order to understand the behaviour and properties of physiological fluids during peristalsis, selection of appropriate fluid model is of great importance. In the present investigation, properties of peristaltic transport through nonuniform tube have been studied for non-Newtonian fluids using Rabinowitsch fluid model. Theoretical analysis has been presented for long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. To analyse various properties of the flow, analytical expressions for velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, friction force, and temperature have been obtained. The numerical results for the same have been obtained to present the effect of various physical and flow parameters on fluid velocity, pressure rise, friction force, and temperature. Significant variation of these properties has been observed in the analysis for non-Newtonian nature of the fluid and nonuniformity of the tube.
Complete X-ray single-crystal structure determination and Raman spectrum of NH4[C(CN)3]
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , Schulz Armin , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: June 2017

The crystal structure of NH4[C(CN)3] has been determined via X-ray single-crystal methods at 203(2) K corroborating earlier results. Additionally, the hydrogen positions have been determined and the Raman spectrum of the title compound recorded on single crystals. The spectroscopic results are compared to those for related compounds.
p21 maintains senescent cell viability under persistent DNA damage response by restraining JNK and caspase signaling
Authors: Yosef Reut , Pilpel Noam , Papismadov Nurit , Gal Hilah , Ovadya Yossi , Vadai Ezra , Miller Stav , Porat Ziv , Ben‐Dor Shifra , Krizhanovsky Valery
Published: June 2017

Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that protects the organism from tumorigenesis and regulates tissue integrity upon damage and during tissue remodeling. However, accumulation of senescent cells in tissues during aging contributes to age‐related pathologies. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating the viability of senescent cells is therefore required. Here, we show that the CDK inhibitor p21 (CDKN1A) maintains the viability of DNA damage‐induced senescent cells. Upon p21 knockdown, senescent cells acquired multiple DNA lesions that activated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB kinase, leading to decreased cell survival. NF‐κB activation induced TNF‐α secretion and JNK activation to mediate death of senescent cells in a caspase‐ and JNK‐dependent manner. Notably, p21 knockout in mice eliminated liver senescent stellate cells and alleviated liver fibrosis and collagen production. These findings define a novel pathway that regulates senescent cell viability and fibrosis.
Tctex‐1 controls ciliary resorption by regulating branched actin polymerization and endocytosis
Authors: Saito Masaki , Otsu Wataru , Hsu Kuo‐Shun , Chuang Jen‐Zen , Yanagisawa Teruyuki , Shieh Vincent , Kaitsuka Taku , Wei Fan‐Yan , Tomizawa Kazuhito , Sung Ching‐Hwa
Published: June 2017

The primary cilium is a plasma membrane‐protruding sensory organelle that undergoes regulated assembly and resorption. While the assembly process has been studied extensively, the cellular machinery that governs ciliary resorption is less well understood. Previous studies showed that the ciliary pocket membrane is an actin‐rich, endocytosis‐active periciliary subdomain. Furthermore, Tctex‐1, originally identified as a cytoplasmic dynein light chain, has a dynein‐independent role in ciliary resorption upon phosphorylation at Thr94. Here, we show that the remodeling and endocytosis of the ciliary pocket membrane are accelerated during ciliary resorption. This process depends on phospho(T94)Tctex‐1, actin, and dynamin. Mechanistically, Tctex‐1 physically and functionally interacts with the actin dynamics regulators annexin A2, Arp2/3 complex, and Cdc42. Phospho(T94)Tctex‐1 is required for Cdc42 activation before the onset of ciliary resorption. Moreover, inhibiting clathrin‐dependent endocytosis or suppressing Rab5GTPase on early endosomes effectively abrogates ciliary resorption. Taken together with the epistasis functional assays, our results support a model in which phospho(T94)Tctex‐1‐regulated actin polymerization and periciliary endocytosis play an active role in orchestrating the initial phase of ciliary resorption.
Targeting endothelin receptor signalling overcomes heterogeneity driven therapy failure
Authors: Smith Michael P , Rowling Emily J , Miskolczi Zsofia , Ferguson Jennifer , Spoerri Loredana , Haass Nikolas K , Sloss Olivia , McEntegart Sophie , Arozarena Imanol , von Kriegsheim Alex , Rodriguez Javier , Brunton Holly , Kmarashev Jivko , Levesque Mitchell P , Dummer Reinhard , Frederick Dennie T , Andrews Miles C , Cooper Zachary A , Flaherty Keith T , Wargo Jennifer A , Wellbrock Claudia
Published: June 2017

Approaches to prolong responses to BRAF targeting drugs in melanoma patients are challenged by phenotype heterogeneity. Melanomas of a “MITF‐high” phenotype usually respond well to BRAF inhibitor therapy, but these melanomas also contain subpopulations of the de novo resistance “AXL‐high” phenotype. > 50% of melanomas progress with enriched “AXL‐high” populations, and because AXL is linked to de‐differentiation and invasiveness avoiding an “AXL‐high relapse” is desirable. We discovered that phenotype heterogeneity is supported during the response phase of BRAF inhibitor therapy due to MITF‐induced expression of endothelin 1 (EDN1). EDN1 expression is enhanced in tumours of patients on treatment and confers drug resistance through ERK re‐activation in a paracrine manner. Most importantly, EDN1 not only supports MITF‐high populations through the endothelin receptor B (EDNRB), but also AXL‐high populations through EDNRA, making it a master regulator of phenotype heterogeneity. Endothelin receptor antagonists suppress AXL‐high‐expressing cells and sensitize to BRAF inhibition, suggesting that targeting EDN1 signalling could improve BRAF inhibitor responses without selecting for AXL‐high cells.