bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long‐term data reveal that grazer density mediates climatic stress in salt marshes
Authors: Smith Carter S. , Zhang Y. Stacy , Hensel Marc J. S. , Pennings Steven C. , Silliman Brian R.
Published: May 2024

Understanding how climate and local stressors interact is paramount for predicting future ecosystem structure. The effects of multiple stressors are often examined in small‐scale and short‐term field experiments, limiting understanding of the spatial and temporal generality of the findings. Using a 22‐year observational dataset of plant and grazer abundance in a southeastern US salt marsh, we analyzed how changes in drought and grazer density combined to affect plant biomass. We found: (1) increased drought severity and higher snail density both correlated with lower plant biomass; (2) drought and snail effects interacted additively; and, (3) snail effects had a threshold, with additive top‐down effects only occurring when snails were present at high densities. These results suggest that the emergence of multiple stressor effects can be density dependent, and they validate short‐term experimental evidence that consumers can augment environmental stress. These findings have important implications for predicting future ecosystem structure and managing natural ecosystems.
First Detection of Thiamethoxam in a Free-Ranging Insectivorous Bird After its Agricultural Use Ban in Spain
Authors: Klaas-Fábregas Marina , Gómez-Ramírez Pilar , Fernández-Gómez Lola , Alfonso i Prieto Jesus , Garrido Isabel , Cava Juana , Martínez-Escudero Carmen M. , Fenoll Jose , Pérez-García Juan M.
Published: May 2024

Neonicotinoids are insecticides used worldwide in phytosanitary and biocidal products and veterinary pharmaceuticals. Recently, some restrictions and bans have been imposed due to their adverse effects on nontarget invertebrates, including pollinators. Although they may have direct and indirect effects on wild vertebrates, few studies have assessed exposure to these compounds in wild birds, so our knowledge remains limited. In the present pilot study we have assessed the prevalence of seven neonicotinoid insecticides and some of their metabolites in whole blood samples from 19 European roller (Coracias garrulus) nestlings and five adult common kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) in an area treated with neonicotinoids to control the palm weevil (Rynchophorus ferrugineus) in southeastern Spain. One European roller nestling born in a palm tree was positive for thiamethoxam, with a concentration of 2.26 ng mL−1, but no residues of neonicotinoids or their metabolites were found in adult common kestrels. Future studies are needed to elucidate potential exposure to neonicotinoids at different times of the year. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of thiamethoxam residues in whole blood of a wild bird species after its ban in Spain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1836–1843. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Diabetic nephropathy: Ayur‐nutri‐pharmaco approach
Authors: Khan Kounaina , Padyana Subrahmanya
Published: May 2024

Prameha, described in Ayurveda, shares similarities with non‐communicable lifestyle disorder Diabetes Mellitus. It is associated with an array of complications, referred to as “Upadrava” which can manifest in various organ systems. Among the complications, diabetic nephropathy (DN) stands out as a critical concern due to its impact on kidney health. Ayurveda views the body as an interplay of Doshas, and diabetes‐related nephropathy is understood through the lens of “Prameha upadrava” which involves an imbalance of Doshas affecting kidney function. Ayurvedic treatment emphasizes personalized dietary adjustments, herbal remedies, lifestyle modifications, and mind‐body practices, wherein the Modern therapeutic approaches include receptor mediated targeting, stem cell therapies, and dietary management. The current review aims for better insights, amalgamating the ailments and divergence between Ayurvedic and pharmacological perspectives on pathophysiology and management of DN. A dedicated effort has been initiated to identify the specific edible botanical elements mentioned as Pramehaghna in the Ayurvedic compendium, Bhavaprakash nighantu. A comprehensive evaluation of botanical entities was performed for a deeper understanding of their enumerated properties. The data pave newer avenues toward multidimensional‐holistic approach to address the intricate complexities of DN leading to integrated approaches in Ayurveda, nutrition and pharmacology leading to better health and hygiene.
Overpopulation discourse: A feminist and necropolitical approach from the Global South
Authors: De Luca Zuria Ana
Published: May 2024

This work examines the flawed narrative linking ecological crises to overpopulation, with a focus on its impact on women in the Global South. The paper argues that this perspective enables control over women's bodies under the pretence of environmental concern, aligning with necropolitics and a new form of eugenics. It calls for a nuanced understanding of the effects of environmental crisis on women, advocating for a human‐centred approach that elevates the experiences and rights of historically marginalized groups. The discussion includes a critical analysis of the Malthusian discourse, highlighting alternative views on food scarcity and the problematic nature of family planning initiatives. The paper promotes reproductive environmental justice, challenging the overpopulation narrative and underscoring the need for equitable and respectful solutions that support the rights and well‐being of women in the Global South.
Analysis of trends in radiofrequency ablation in a tertiary care center practice
Authors: Fullerton Zoë , Butler Santino S. , Noel Julia
Published: May 2024

Background

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for thyroid nodules has recently been introduced into the United States healthcare system landscape. Little is known about the process of incorporating this procedure into existing clinical practice.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of a single institution was conducted to examine referral patterns and decision‐making after the introduction of RFA into an endocrine surgery‐focused practice. Patient demographics and thyroid‐specific data were recorded. Two reviewers abstracted and coded reasons for the noncompletion of RFA. Two‐sample t tests were used to compare groups; linear regression was used to assess trends and practice patterns.

Results

Chart review identified 451 patients referred for consideration of RFA from January 2020 to December 2022. Only 255 (56.5%) went on to receive the treatment. There was no significant difference in nodule volume between treated and nontreated groups (18.5 vs. 14.9 cm3, p = 0.07). Concern for malignancy on genetic testing, size (too large/too small), recommendation for Ethanol ablation, and multinodular disease without target nodules were the most common reasons for physician deferral. Of patients who declined to proceed, 46% opted to undergo surgical excision. Linear regression showed that referral numbers significantly increased with time; however, the proportion of patients receiving treatment decreased yearly, primarily because of higher rates of physician deferral.

Conclusions

This study reflects the complex decision‐making in offering minimally invasive thyroid nodule ablation. Despite a greater number of referrals over time, physician criteria became increasingly selective. Optimal candidacy in RFA is an evolving determination requiring patient and physician input to guide ideal practice patterns.
The romantic relationships of adopted adolescents
Authors: Paniagua Carmen , Sánchez‐Queija Inmaculada , Moreno Carmen , Rivera Francisco
Published: May 2024

Introduction

There is a gap in the literature on the romantic relationships of adopted adolescents. To address this issue, the present study has three aims: (1) to explore differences between adopted and non‐adopted adolescents in terms of their involvement in and the length of their romantic relationships; (2) to explore the quality of these relationships; and (3) to analyze associations between affective relationships and well‐being in both groups.

Method

The sample comprised 276 adopted (64.5% girls; mean age 16.3 years, 73.9% international adoptees) and 276 non‐adopted (48.3% girls; mean age 16.3 years) adolescents, all of whom participated in the Spanish Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children survey.

Results

Similar romantic relationship rates and lengths were found among adoptees and non‐adoptees, as well as between international and domestic adoptees. Adoptees reported more emotional support and conflicts in their romantic relationships than their non‐adopted peers. Finally, associations between the quality of the romantic relationships and well‐being were similar for both groups, with more conflicts being linked to lower levels of well‐being, and more emotional support and affection correlating with higher levels of well‐being.

Discussion

The data suggest more similarities than differences between adopted and non‐adopted adolescents. However, although this indicates that romantic relationships are yet another example of recovery for adopted boys and girls, further research is required, with larger and more diverse samples from multiple countries, to explore the differences observed in more detail.
Mathematical modeling of the drying and oil extraction processes of passion fruit seeds using fractional calculus
Authors: Raimundini Aranha Ana Caroline , Oliveira Defendi Rafael , Sérgi Gomes Maria Carolina , Sipoli Caroline Casagrande , Nardino Danielli Andrea , Oliveira Vitor Viganô , Rosalém Marcelo de Jesus Corte , Suzuki Rúbia Michele
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

This article aims to fit kinetic models of the passion fruit seed drying process, in addition to mathematical modeling using traditional models and fractional calculus of the extraction of lipids from the seeds.

RESULTS

Regarding the drying process, it was found that the model that best suited the two drying temperatures employed was the fractional order one.

CONCLUSION

Analysis showed that for both drying conditions the value of parameter α was greater than 1, indicating that the profile that occurs for the seeds is superdiffusion. Regarding the mathematical fits of oil extraction, it was found that the two models that presented the best fits for the lipid extraction kinetics were hyperbolic and fractional order. Regarding the fractional order model, as the value of parameter α was lower than 1, it can be seen that the process again does not follow Fick's law, and in this case a subdiffusion process occurs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Evaluating effectiveness of cadaveric arthroscopic training for orthopaedic residents: A comparison of joints and training levels
Authors: Chuang Hao‐Chun , Kuan Fa‐Chuan , Su Wei‐Ren , Shih Chien‐An , Chiang Chen‐Hao , Ko Po‐Yen , Hong Chih‐Kai , Chen Yueh , Hsu Kai‐Lan
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effects and interactions of training level and different joints on the outcomes of cadaveric arthroscopic training courses for orthopaedic residents.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled 16 orthopaedic residents who voluntarily participated in a cadaveric training programme involving the shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee and ankle joints. Outcomes were quantitatively assessed using task‐specific checklists and the Arthroscopic Surgery Skill Evaluation Tool. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the significance of the interactions between joint and years of training.

Results

Resident scores significantly increased after the dedicated lectures in all five joints (p = 0.003 for the shoulder module, p < 0.001 for the other joints). Two‐way ANOVA revealed that the progress made after the dedicated lectures was significantly impacted by the joint (p = 0.006) and training level × joint interaction (p = 0.005) but not by the training level (p = 0.47). The simple effect of the joint was examined using Sidak's multiple comparison test. Among junior residents, the dedicated lectures resulted in more substantial progress in elbow and wrist arthroscopy when compared to shoulder arthroscopy (p = 0.020 and p = 0.043, respectively).

Conclusions

The results suggest that, in cadaveric arthroscopic training courses for orthopaedic residents, training outcomes are primarily impacted by the specific joint being trained rather than the training level. Specifically, junior residents demonstrated greater improvement with training in procedures that are less commonly encountered during on‐the‐job training, such as elbow and wrist arthroscopy.

Clinical Relevance

These findings suggest the need to prioritise wrist and elbow arthroscopic training for junior residents to optimise educational outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Intraspecific variation in thermal performance curves for early development in Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: Blanchard Tessa S. , Earhart Madison L. , Shatsky Ariel K. , Schulte Patricia M.
Published: May 2024

Thermal performance curves (TPCs) provide a framework for understanding the effects of temperature on ectotherm performance and fitness. TPCs are often used to test hypotheses regarding local adaptation to temperature or to develop predictions for how organisms will respond to climate warming. However, for aquatic organisms such as fishes, most TPCs have been estimated for adult life stages, and little is known about the shape of TPCs or the potential for thermal adaptation at sensitive embryonic life stages. To examine how latitudinal gradients shape TPCs at early life stages in fishes, we used two populations of Fundulus heteroclitus that have been shown to exhibit latitudinal variation along the thermal cline as adults. We exposed embryos from both northern and southern populations and their reciprocal crosses to eight different temperatures (15°C, 18°C, 21°C, 24°C, 27°C, 30°C, 33°C, and 36°C) until hatch and examined the effects of developmental temperature on embryonic and larval traits (shape of TPCs, heart rate, and body size). We found that the pure southern embryos had a right‐shifted TPC (higher thermal optimum (Topt) for developmental rate, survival, and embryonic growth rate) whereas pure northern embryos had a vertically shifted TPC (higher maximum performance (Pmax) for developmental rate). Differences across larval traits and cross‐type were also found, such that northern crosses hatched faster and hatched at a smaller size compared to the pure southern population. Overall, these observed differences in embryonic and larval traits are consistent with patterns of both local adaptation and countergradient variation.
Improving outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in primary care with Chronic Care Model: A narrative review
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Arwa Ahmed
Published: May 2024

Designed and implemented over two decades ago, the Chronic Care Model is a well‐established chronic disease management framework that has steered several healthcare systems in successfully improving the clinical outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research evidence cements the role of the Chronic Care Model (with its six key elements of organization of healthcare delivery system, self‐management support, decision support, delivery system design, clinical information systems, and community resources and policies) as an integrated framework to revamp the type 2 diabetes mellitus‐related clinical practice and care that betters the patient care and clinical outcomes. The current review is an evidence‐lit summary of importance of use of Chronic Care Model in primary care and their impact on clinical outcomes for patients afflicted with one of the most debilitating metabolic diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Evaluation of the characteristics of Indian summer monsoon simulated by CMIP6 models
Authors: Saha Manali , Singh Charu
Published: May 2024

The present research is aimed at evaluating the climate coupled models with respect to the observational datasets for the investigation of the characteristics of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The monthly averaged historical simulations from 12 coupled climate models that participated in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are compared with the ground based observational data, satellite and reanalysis datasets for the study period of 1980–2014. This study uses these high‐resolution models to investigate monsoon features, onset and withdrawal dates, primarily focusing on individual model performances rather than highly documented multi‐model mean performance. Performance evaluation of the models suggests that sea surface temperature (SST) simulations by the models are in better agreement for the Arabian Sea than the Bay of Bengal with respect to the ERA5 reanalysis data sets. Further, inter‐model differences amongst the CMIP6 models in estimating the spatial distribution of various monsoon system variables during pre‐monsoon and monsoon seasons are noted which may be attributed to the different model components and varying physics configuration, nonetheless, models like NESM3 and INM‐CN5 are able to reproduce ISM pattern reasonably well. The annual precipitation cycle demonstrates a good agreement between most climate models and IMD data. Evolution of tropospheric temperature gradient (ΔTT) estimated from the CMIP6 models mimics the temporal pattern of the annual rainfall and therefore, is used to estimate the onset and withdrawal dates from CMIP6 models; however, high variability is noted amongst the CMIP6 models in retrieving the onset and withdrawal dates when compared with the IMD observations. Most of the models show a shorter rainy season except NorESM2‐MM. Overall our results suggest that the CMIP6 models can be used for the seasonal mean evaluation of monsoon system parameters and process‐based studies to improve our present understanding of the ISM system.
Interdecadal variations in the interannual relationship between winter tropical Pacific SST and subsequent summer Arctic sea ice in early 2000s
Authors: Gu Jitai , Zeng Gang , Yang Xiaoye , Datti Aminu Dalhatu
Published: May 2024

The present study investigates the interdecadal change in the interannual relationship between winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical central‐eastern Pacific and the subsequent summer Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) and its possible mechanism using 1979–2023 monthly SST and SIC data from Hadley Center and atmospheric reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR. It is found that the relationship between the winter tropical Pacific SST and the subsequent summer SIC of Beaufort Sea experienced an obvious interdecadal change from a significant negative correlation to a weak and insignificant correlation before and after the early 2000s, respectively. Before the early 2000s, when winter SST warming (cooling) anomalies occurred in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, it could sustain into summer and enhance a Rossby wave propagating from Tropic to high latitude, forming negative (positive) pressure anomalies in the North Pacific. Influenced by such anomalies, it is conducive to maintaining negative (positive) SST anomalies in the North Pacific from winter to subsequent summer. The summer SST cooling (warming) in the North Pacific could form a favourable atmospheric circulation anomaly for less (more) SIC. In contrast, after the early 21st century, the strong SST anomalies in winter over the eastern tropical Pacific would weaken with time and subsequently diminish in spring, leading to the SST anomalies in the North Pacific persist to spring, which can hardly affect summer SIC anomaly in the Beaufort Sea. Therefore, the relationship collapses after the the early 2000s due to the weakened persistence of the eastern tropical Pacific SST anomaly.
POSTN Regulates Fibroblast Proliferation and Migration in Laryngotracheal Stenosis Through the TGF‐β/RHOA Pathway
Authors: She Zhiqiang , Chen Huiying , Lin Xiaoyu , Li Chao , Su Jiping
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To investigate the role of periostin (POSTN) and the transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) pathway in the formation of laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) scar fibrosis and to explore the specific signaling mechanism of POSTN‐regulated TGF‐β pathway in tracheal fibroblasts.

Methods

Bioinformatics analysis was performed on scar data sets from the GEO database to preliminarily analyze the involvement of POSTN and TGF‐β pathways in fibrosis diseases. Expression of POSTN and TGF‐β pathway‐related molecules was analyzed in LTS scar tissue at the mRNA and protein levels. The effect of POSTN on the biological behavior of tracheal fibroblasts was studied using plasmid DNA overexpression and siRNA silencing techniques to regulate POSTN expression and observe the activation of TGF‐β1 and the regulation of cell proliferation and migration via the TGF‐β/RHOA pathway.

Results

The bioinformatics analysis revealed that POSTN and the TGF‐β pathway are significantly involved in fibrosis diseases. High expression of POSTN and TGF‐β/RHOA pathway‐related molecules (TGFβ1, RHOA, CTGF, and COL1) was observed in LTS tissue at both mRNA and protein levels. In tracheal fibroblasts, overexpression or silencing of POSTN led to the activation of TGF‐β1 and regulation of cell proliferation and migration through the TGF‐β/RHOA pathway.

Conclusion

POSTN is a key molecule in scar formation in LTS, and it regulates the TGF‐β/RHOA pathway to mediate the formation of cicatricial LTS by acting on TGF‐β1. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying LTS and suggests potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this condition.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:4078–4087, 2024
Compression deformation characteristics and mechanisms study of multi‐layer structures with triply periodic minimal surfaces
Authors: Wang Yu , Hao Xin , Liu Erqiang , Xiao Gesheng , Lin Jinbao
Published: May 2024

Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) and honeycomb structures are typical representatives of porous structures. In this paper, multi‐layer structures based on the combination of P‐surfaces and honeycomb structures are fabricated and the compression deformation characteristics are investigated based on quasi‐static compression tests and finite element simulation. The results show that the established finite element model can better simulate the deformation and damage modes of the multi‐layer structure, and the multi‐layer structure exhibits layer‐by‐layer deformation and sequential compression collapse in the deformation process. The tensile stress is crucial in the deformation and damage process of the P‐structure layer. The honeycomb structure layers show two different deformation modes: the inverted bell‐shaped “upward extrusion” and the bell‐shaped “downward extrusion.”
Proteoglycans in mechanobiology of tissues and organs: Normal functions and mechanopathology
Authors: Farach‐Carson Mary C. , Wu Danielle , França Cristiane Miranda
Published: May 2024

Proteoglycans (PGs) are a diverse class of glycoconjugates that serve critical functions in normal mechanobiology and mechanopathology. Both the protein cores and attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains function in mechanically sensitive processes, and loss of either can contribute to development of pathological conditions. PGs function as key components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), where they can serve as mechanosensors in mechanosensitive tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, blood vessels, and soft organs. The mechanical properties of these tissues depend on the presence and function of PGs, which play important roles in tissue elasticity, osmolarity, and pressure sensing, and response to physical activity. Tissue responses depend on cell surface mechanoreceptors that include integrins, CD44, voltage‐sensitive ion channels, transient receptor potential, and piezo channels. PGs contribute to cell and molecular interplay in wound healing, fibrosis, and cancer, where they transduce the mechanical properties of the ECM and influence the progression of various context‐specific conditions and diseases. The PGs that are most important in mechanobiology vary depending on the tissue and its functions and functional needs. Perlecan, for example, is important in the mechanobiology of basement membranes, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle, while aggrecan plays a primary role in the mechanical properties of cartilage and joints. A variety of techniques have been used to study the mechanobiology of PGs, including atomic force microscopy, mouse knockout models, and in vitro cell culture experiments with three‐dimensional organoid models. These studies have helped to elucidate the tissue‐specific roles that PGs play in cell‐level mechanosensing and tissue mechanics. Overall, the study of PGs in mechanobiology is yielding fundamental new concepts in the molecular basis of mechanosensing that can open the door to the development of new treatments for a host of conditions related to mechanopathology.
AAPM&R consensus guidance on spasticity assessment and management
Authors: Verduzco‐Gutierrez Monica , Raghavan Preeti , Pruente Jessica , Moon Daniel , List Cassandra M. , Hornyak Joseph Edward , Gul Fatma , Deshpande Supreet , Biffl Susan , Al Lawati Zainab , Alfaro Abraham
Published: May 2024

Background

The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) conducted a comprehensive review in 2021 to identify opportunities for enhancing the care of adult and pediatric patients with spasticity. A technical expert panel (TEP) was convened to develop consensus‐based practice recommendations aimed at addressing gaps in spasticity care.

Objective

To develop consensus‐based practice recommendations to identify and address gaps in spasticity care.

Methods

The Spasticity TEP engaged in a 16‐month virtual meeting process, focusing on formulating search terms, refining research questions, and conducting a structured evidence review. Evidence quality was assessed by the AAPM&R Evidence, Quality and Performance Committee (EQPC), and a modified Delphi process was employed to achieve consensus on recommendation statements and evidence grading. The Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT) guided the rating of individual studies and the strength of recommendations.

Results

The TEP approved five recommendations for spasticity management and five best practices for assessment and management, with one recommendation unable to be graded due to evidence limitations. Best practices were defined as widely accepted components of care, while recommendations required structured evidence reviews and grading. The consensus guidance statement represents current best practices and evidence‐based treatment options, intended for use by PM&R physicians caring for patients with spasticity.

Conclusion

This consensus guidance provides clinicians with practical recommendations for spasticity assessment and management based on the best available evidence and expert opinion. Clinical judgment should be exercised, and recommendations tailored to individual patient needs, preferences, and risk profiles. The accompanying table summarizes the best practice recommendations for spasticity assessment and management, reflecting principles with little controversy in care delivery.
Item performance of the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia in rare and ultra‐rare genetic ataxias
Authors: Hamdan Alzahra , Hooker Andrew C. , Chen Xiaomei , Traschütz Andreas , Schüle Rebecca ,   ARCA Study Group,   EVIDENCE‐RND consortium, Synofzik Matthis , Karlsson Mats O.
Published: May 2024

The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) is widely used for assessing the severity and progression of genetic cerebellar ataxias. SARA is now considered a primary end point in several ataxia treatment trials, but its underlying composite item measurement model has not yet been tested. This work aimed to evaluate the composite properties of SARA and its items using item response theory (IRT) and to demonstrate its applicability across even ultra‐rare genetic ataxias. Leveraging SARA subscores data from 1932 visits from 990 patients of the Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxias (ARCA) registry, we assessed the performance of SARA using IRT methodology. The item characteristics were evaluated over the ataxia severity range of the entire ataxia population as well as the assessment validity across 115 genetic ARCA subpopulations. A unidimensional IRT model was able to describe SARA item data, indicating that SARA captures one single latent variable. All items had high discrimination values (1.5–2.9) indicating the effectiveness of the SARA in differentiating between subjects with different disease statuses. Each item contributed between 7% and 28% of the total assessment informativeness. There was no evidence for differences between the 115 genetic ARCA subpopulations in SARA applicability. These results show the good discrimination ability of SARA with all of its items adding informational value. The IRT framework provides a thorough description of SARA on the item level, and facilitates its utilization as a clinical outcome assessment in upcoming longitudinal natural history or treatment trials, across a large number of ataxias, including ultra‐rare ones.
Exploring mid‐infrared spectral transfer functions for the prediction of multiple soil properties using a global dataset
Authors: Ng Wartini , Winowiecki Leigh Ann , Karari Valentine , Weullow Elvis , Ateku Dickens Alubaka , Vågen Tor‐Gunnar , Pittaki Zampela , Minasny Budiman
Published: May 2024

Infrared spectroscopy is increasingly being adopted as a technology for soil analysis. However, laboratories worldwide are equipped with different infrared spectrometers, leading to variations that hinder the global application of soil spectroscopy. This study evaluates the transferability of soil spectra from a global dataset collected using four mid‐infrared spectrometers. To evaluate the efficacy of five spectral transfer functions (direct standardization, piecewise direct standardization, spectral space transformation [SST], principal components‐canonical correlation analysis [PC‐CCA], and domain‐invariant partial least square [DIPLS] regression), two datasets were used: dataset A (n = 224; standardized samples) was scanned using one primary spectrometer and three secondary spectrometers; dataset B (n = 1904; legacy samples) was scanned only using the primary spectrometer. The first set of chemometrics models was developed using dataset A to compare the performance of different spectrometers. The second set of models was developed using dataset B to evaluate the effectiveness of spectral transfer functions. Both models were developed using partial least squares regression. Spectral transfer functions developed using dataset A indicate that the PC‐CCA method was the best in converging spectra collected from four instruments into a similar space projected using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection. Spectral transfer did not result in consistent improvement in the prediction of soil properties compared to the direct use of spectra collected from different spectrometers. These findings carry significant implications for the utilization of legacy models, enabling laboratories to concentrate on acquiring new samples and spectral measurements using established protocols without the need for spectral transfer.
Lightweight, Strong, and Transparent Wood Films Produced by Capillary Driven Self‐Densification
Authors: Chen Feng , Ritter Maximilian , Xu Yifan , Tu Kunkun , Koch Sophie Marie , Yan Wenqing , Bian Huiyang , Ding Yong , Sun Jianguo , Burgert Ingo
Published: May 2024

Wood delignification and densification enable the production of high strength and/or transparent wood materials with exceptional properties. However, processing needs to be more sustainable and besides the chemical delignification treatments, energy intense hot‐pressing calls for alternative approaches. Here, this study shows that additional softening of delignified wood via a mild swelling process using an ionic liquid‐water mixture enables the densification of tube‐line wood cells into layer‐by‐layer sheet structures without hot‐pressing. The natural capillary force induces self‐densification in a simple drying process resulting in a transparent wood film. The as‐prepared films with ≈150 µm thickness possess an optical transmittance ≈70%, while maintaining optical haze >95%. Due to the densely packed sheet structure with a large interfacial area, the reassembled wood film is fivefold stronger and stiffer than the delignified wood in fiber direction. Owing to a low density, the specific tensile strength and elastic modulus are as high as 282 MPa cm3 g−1 and 31 GPa cm3 g−1. A facile and highly energy efficient wood nanotechnology approach are demonstrated toward more sustainable materials and processes by directly converting delignified wood into transparent wood omitting polymeric matrix infiltration or mechanical pressing.
Dual‐Carbon Phase‐Encapsulated Prelithiated SiOx Microrod Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fu Yulin , Li Dongxia , Sun Xiangfeng , Xue Yuxin , Shi Yuanhao , Li Zhiqi , Luo Chongxian , Lin Qiong , Gui Xuefeng , Xu Kai
Published: May 2024

Among silicon‐based anode family for Li‐ion battery technology, SiOx, a nonstoichiometric silicon suboxide holds the potential for significant near‐term commercial impact. In this context, this study mainly focuses on demonstrating an innovative SiOx@C anode design that adopts a pre‐lithiation strategy based on in situ pyrolysis of Li‐salt of silsesquioxane trisilanolate without the need for lithium metal or active lithium compounds and creates dual carbon encapsulation of SiOC nanodomains by simply one‐step thermal treatment. This ingenious design ensures the pre‐lithiation process and pre‐lithiation material with high‐environmental stability. Moreover, phenyl‐rich organosiloxane clusters and polyacrylonitrile polymers are expected to serve as internal and external carbon source, respectively. The formation of an interpenetrating and continuous carbon matrix network would not only synergistically offer an improved electrochemical accessibility of active sites but also alleviate the volume expansion effect during cycling. As a result, this new type of anode delivered a high reversible capacity, remarkable cycle stability as well as excellent high‐rate capability. In particular, the L2‐SiOx@C material has a high initial coulomb efficienc of 80.4% and, after 500 cycles, a capacity retention as high as 97.5% at 0.5 A g−1 with a reversible specific capacity of 654.5 mA h g−1.
Citrulline facilitates the glycolysis, proliferation, and metastasis of lung cancer cells by regulating RAB3C
Authors: Meng Qingjun , Li Yanguang , Sun Zhen , Liu Junfeng
Published: May 2024

Lung cancer (LC) is one of the major malignant diseases threatening human health. The study aimed to identify the effect of citrulline on the malignant phenotype of LC cells and to further disclose the potential molecular mechanism of citrulline in regulating the development of LC, providing a novel molecular biological basis for the clinical treatment of LC. The effects of citrulline on the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of LC cells (A549, H1299) were validated by CCK‐8, colony formation, EdU, and transwell assays. The cell glycolysis was assessed via determining the glucose uptake, lactate production, ATP levels, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). RNA‐seq and molecular docking were performed to screen for citrulline‐binding target proteins. Western blotting experiments were conducted to examine the expression of related signaling pathway molecules. In addition, the impacts of citrulline on LC growth in vivo were investigated by constructing mouse models. Citrulline augmented the viability of LC cells in a concentration and time‐dependent manner. The proliferation, migration, invasion, glycolysis, and EMT processes of LC cells were substantially enhanced after citrulline treatment. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that citrulline could bind to RAB3C protein. Western blotting results indicated that citrulline activated the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway by binding to RAB3C. In addition, animal experiments disclosed that citrulline promoted tumor growth in mice. Citrulline accelerated the glycolysis and activated the IL6/STAT3 pathway through the RAB3C protein, consequently facilitating the development of LC.
Psychological impact of urological disorders on men's mental health: the need for integrated support
Authors: Sitharthan Darshan
Published: May 2024

Urological disorders impact men's physical health and mental wellbeing, necessitating integrated mental health support within urology. This article examines the psychological distress associated with conditions like prostate cancer and erectile dysfunction, compounded by societal expectations that often discourage men from seeking help. It highlights the importance of a holistic care model that addresses physical symptoms and psychological impacts. The authors advocate for a paradigm shift towards comprehensive care, enhanced training for urologists and dismantling societal stigma to improve patient outcomes and establish a new standard in men's health care.
Real-life use of ropeg-interferon α2b in polycythemia vera: patient selection and clinical outcomes
Authors: Palandri Francesca , Branzanti F. , Venturi M. , Dedola A. , Fontana G. , Loffredo M. , Patuelli A. , Ottaviani E. , Bersani M. , Reta M. , Addimanda O. , Vicennati V. , Vianelli N. , Cavo M.
Published: May 2024

Ropeginterferon-alfa2b (ropegIFNα2b) is a long-acting IFN formulation with broad FDA/EMA approval as a therapy of polycythemia vera (PV) with no symptomatic splenomegaly. There is currently lack of information on the real-world patient selection, including the impact of local reimbursement policies, and drug management, particularly: type/timing of screening and follow-up tests; absolute/relative contraindications to therapy; ropegIFNα2b dose and combinations with hydroxyurea. As a sub-analysis of the PV-ARC retrospective study (NCT06134102), we here report our monocenter experience with ropegIFNα2b in the period from January 2021, corresponding to drug availability outside clinical trial, and December 2023. Among the 149 patients with EMA/FDA indication, only 55 (36.9%) met the local reimbursement criteria and 18 (12.1%) received ropegIFNα2b. Thanks to appropriate screening, relative/absolute contraindications to ropegIFNα2b were detected and managed in a multidisciplinary manner. Efficacy and safety of ropegIFNα2b was confirmed, with 3 cases of early molecular response. General use of low ropegIFNα2b dose, with frequent need for hydroxyurea combinations, was noted. This real-world experience suggests a significant impact of local regulations on drug prescription and the need for greater real-world data collection on ropegIFNα2b in PV patients. Also, it describes appropriate multidisciplinary screening and monitoring procedures during ropegIFNα2b therapy.
Association of atrial mechanical dispersion with atrial fibrillation recurrence following catheter ablation: results of the ASTRA-AF pilot study
Authors: Knappe Dorit , Vogler Julia , Weimann Jessica , Banas Victor , Yildirim Sevenai , Memenga Felix , Senftinger Juliana , Keil Laura , Ismaili Djemail , Nies Moritz , Rillig Andreas , Willems Stephan , Blankenberg Stefan , Kirchhof Paulus , Metzner Andreas , Sinning Christoph
Published: May 2024

Aims

For patients with symptomatic drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF), catheter ablation to achieve rhythm control is an important therapeutic option. The atrial mechanical dispersion measured as standard deviation of the time to peak strain (SD-TPS) is associated with the risk of AF recurrence following catheter ablation.

Methods

The study cohort prospectively enrolled n = 132 consecutive patients with paroxysmal (n = 88) or persistent AF (n = 44) presenting for de novo pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and followed for 1 year. We related left atrial (LA) volume, LA ejection fraction, SD-TPS, and global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle and clinical variables (sex, age, and type of AF) to AF recurrence.

Results

Kaplan–Meier curves showed higher AF recurrence rate with an increase of SD-TPS with the calculated cut-off of 38.6 ms. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression analysis could show that SD-TPS had the highest relevance regarding AF recurrence with a HR of 1.05 (95% CI, 1.01; 1.09, p = 0.01) and HR of 1.05 (95% CI, 1.01; 1.09, p = 0.02) per 10 ms increase. In the additional analyses for the model including the clinical variables age, sex, and type of AF with paroxysmal or persisting AF, SD-TPS did only show a trend and after adjusting for covariates, SD-TPS showed a HR of 1.04 (95% CI, 0.99; 1.09, p = 0.09) per 10 ms increase.

Conclusion

Atrial mechanical dispersion was associated with recurrent AF.

Graphical Abstract
Technical aspects of fourth ventricle ependymomas in adults: how I do it
Authors: Bubeníková Adéla , Beneš Vladimír
Published: May 2024

Background

Ependymomas in the fourth ventricle in adults are rare entity. Surgical treatment of adult ependymomas is the only treatment modality since no other effective alternative is available. Radical resection often means cure but it is hindered by the nature and location of the lesion.

Methods

Technical aspects of the fourth ventricle ependymoma surgery in adults are discussed. Anatomy of the area is provided with the step-by-step surgical algorithm.

Conclusion

Radical resection of low-grade ependymoma with a detailed understanding of the anatomy in this area is vital considering the high effectiveness of the treatment and its excellent prognosis.
Utilizing red blood cell distribution width (RDW) as a reliable biomarker to predict treatment effects after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy
Authors: Nakamura Naokazu , Jo Tomoyasu , Arai Yasuyuki , Kitawaki Toshio , Nishikori Momoko , Mizumoto Chisaki , Kanda Junya , Yamashita Kouhei , Nagao Miki , Takaori-Kondo Akifumi
Published: May 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is an effective treatment for B cell malignancies. A certain fraction of patients, however, experience post-CAR-T relapse, and due to the difficulty of precise relapse prediction, biomarkers that can predict the strength and duration of CAR-T efficacy are needed before CAR-T infusion. Therefore, we performed a single-center cohort study including 91 diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with CAR-T in order to identify such a new prognostic biomarker. After confirming that each of the already reported prognostic parameters (disease status at leukapheresis, primary refractoriness, number of treatment lines, CD3+ cell counts at leukapheresis) has only limited predictive performance, we established a new composite parameter by integrating these four variables, and found that it predicts progression-free survival (PFS) after CAR-T infusion with statistical significance. Moreover, after comprehensive correlation analyses of this new composite parameter with all individual laboratory variables, we determined that the standard deviation of red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD) at leukapheresis shows significant correlation with the composite parameter and may be a prognostic biomarker (R2 = 0.76, p = 0.02). Validation analysis indicated that a higher RDW-SD is significantly associated with poorer PFS after CAR-T cell therapy (HR, 3.46, P = 0.03). Thus, this study suggests that a single parameter, RDW-SD at leukapheresis, is a novel, useful biomarker that can be obtained early to predict therapeutic effects of CAR-T cell therapy. Post-CAR-T maintenance or re-induction therapies should be adopted for higher risk patients, who may relapse after CAR-T therapy.
Bridging operations research and machine learning for service cost prediction in logistics and service industries
Authors: Boresta Marco , Pinto Diego Maria , Stecca Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Optimizing shared resources across multiple clients is a complex challenge in the production, logistics, and service sectors. This study addresses the underexplored area of forecasting service costs for non-cooperative clients, which is essential for sustainable business management. We propose a framework that merges Operations Research (OR) and Machine Learning (ML) to fill this gap. It begins by applying the OR model to historical instances, optimizing resource allocation, and determining equitable service cost allocations for each client. These allocations serve as training targets for ML models, which are trained using a combination of original and augmented client data, aiming to reliably project service costs and support competitive, sustainable pricing strategies. The framework’s efficacy is demonstrated in a reverse logistics case study, benchmarked against two traditional cost estimation methods for new clients. Comparative analysis shows that our framework outperforms these methods in terms of predictive accuracy, highlighting its superior effectiveness. The integration of OR and ML offers a significant decision-support mechanism, improving sustainable business strategies across sectors. Our framework provides a scalable solution for cost forecasting and resource optimization, marking progress toward a circular, sustainable economy by accurately estimating costs and promoting efficient operations.
Configuration of last-mile distribution networks for an encroaching manufacturer
Authors: Tahirov Nail , Akhundov Najmaddin , Emde Simon , Glock Christoph H.
Published: May 2024

The surge of e-commerce has revolutionized distribution channels, escalating from simple single-channel frameworks to complex multi-channel and omni-channel networks. In particular developments in information technology and rising customer expectations have popularized the transition from multi- to omni-channel distribution, where the classic brick-and-mortar stores can also be part of the omni-channel distribution strategy. This evolution poses intricate challenges for manufacturers, especially in the integration and optimization of these channels. Thus, there is a strong need for an in-depth analysis of how manufacturers navigate the transition across diverse distribution channels to meet the varying needs of different customer segments. To this end, we investigate single-, multi-, and omni-channel distribution strategies for the case of a manufacturer selling both standard and customized products to different customer segments with varying preferences. A central contribution of this research is the creation of an integrated optimization model that resolves a location-routing problem, designing a complex and realistic supply chain configuration suitable for an omni-channel distribution system. This model strategically serves to fragmented customer demands through multiple shopping and delivery options. The outcomes of our study indicate that an omni-channel distribution system is a viable approach, capable of serving more customer segments while simultaneously minimizing logistics costs. In addition, we offer a detailed analysis of the cost implications of in-store pickup versus home-delivery options, providing a comprehensive evaluation of their respective impacts on total logistics costs and customer responsiveness.