bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traces of Vanishing Hölder Spaces
Authors: Mohanta Kaushik , Mudarra Carlos , Oikari Tuomas
Published: December 2024

For an arbitrary subset

$$E\subset \mathbb {R}^n,$$

E
⊂

R

n

,

we introduce and study the three vanishing subspaces of the Hölder space

$$\dot{C}^{0,\omega }(E)$$

C
˙

0
,
ω

(
E
)

consisting of those functions for which the ratio

$$|f(x)-f(y)|/\omega (|x-y|)$$

|
f
(
x
)
-
f
(
y
)
|
/
ω
(
|
x
-
y
|
)

vanishes, when (1)

$$|x-y|\rightarrow 0$$

|
x
-
y
|
→
0

, (2)

$$|x-y|\rightarrow \infty $$

|
x
-
y
|
→
∞

or (3)

$$\min (|x|,|y|)\rightarrow \infty $$

min
(
|
x
|
,
|
y
|
)
→
∞

. We prove that the Whitney extension operator maps each of these vanishing subspaces from E to the corresponding vanishing spaces defined on the whole ambient space

$$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

. In fact, this follows as the zeroth order special case of a more general problem involving higher order derivatives. As a consequence, we obtain complete characterizations of approximability of Hölder functions

$$\dot{C}^{0,\omega }(E)$$

C
˙

0
,
ω

(
E
)

by Lipschitz and boundedly supported functions.
Holomorphic Legendrian Curves in Convex Domains
Authors: Svetina Andrej
Published: December 2024

We prove several results on approximation and interpolation of holomorphic Legendrian curves in convex domains in

$$\mathbb {C}^{2n+1}$$

C

2
n
+
1

,

$$n \ge 2$$

n
≥
2

, with the standard contact structure. Namely, we show that such a curve, defined on a compact bordered Riemann surface M, whose image lies in the interior of a convex domain

$$\mathscr {D}\subset \mathbb {C}^{2n+1}$$

D
⊂

C

2
n
+
1

, may be approximated uniformly on compacts in the interior

$${{\,\textrm{Int}\,}}M$$

Int

M

by holomorphic Legendrian curves

$${{\,\textrm{Int}\,}}M \rightarrow \mathscr {D}$$

Int

M
→
D

such that the approximants are proper, complete, agree with the starting curve on a given finite set in

$${{\,\textrm{Int}\,}}M$$

Int

M

to a given finite order, and hit a specified diverging discrete set in the convex domain. We first show approximation of this kind on bounded strongly convex domains and then generalise it to arbitrary convex domains. As a consequence we show that any compact bordered Riemann surface properly embeds into a convex domain as a complete curve under a suitable geometric condition on the boundary of the codomain.
Beyond Huntington’s Disease – Late-Onset Chorea Caused by a Homozygous Variant in ERCC4
Authors: Barthel Paula C. , Popa Bertrand , Ebert Anne , Mohamed Sherif A. , Weishaupt Jochen , Conrad Julian
Published: December 2024

Genetic alterations in the ERCC4 gene typically cause Xeroderma pigmentosum and other nucleotide excision repair disorders. Neurologic symptoms are present in some of these patients. In rare cases, ERCC4-mutations can manifest with prominent neurologic symptoms. We report a 62-year-old woman who presented with a movement disorder caused by a homozygous pathogenic variant in the ERCC4 gene. She presented with a hyperkinetic movement disorder (chorea) that affected the distal limbs as well as facial muscles and jaw. There was no ataxia. Extensive clinical evaluation revealed predominantly fronto-parietal and cerebellar atrophy on brain MRI with sparing of the basal ganglia and mesial temporal lobe. Iron and sparse Ca2+ deposits were found in the basal ganglia. The detailed neuropsychological evaluation revealed deficits indicating subcortical-prefrontal, subcortical-parietal and frontotemporal dysfunction, without significant impairments in activities of daily living. The audiogram revealed mild age-related hearing impairment, electroneurography was unremarkable without signs of polyneuropathy. The dermatologic examination showed no signs of skin cancer. Knowledge about ERCC4-related neurodegeneration is limited and the disease is likely underdiagnosed. Nucleotide Excision Repair Disorder-related neurodegeneration should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders, even if dermatologic complications are absent and the family history is negative. The preserved caudate volume in our ERCC4 patient could be a hint towards this rare condition. Treatment is symptomatic. Once the diagnosis is established, patients need to be advised to have regular medical consultations to prevent disease complications such as skin cancer.
Unlocking Novel Functionality: Pseudocapacitive Sensing in MXene-Based Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Kim Eunji , Kim Seongbeen , Jin Hyeong Min , Kim Gyungtae , Ha Hwi-Heon , Choi Yunhui , Min Kyoungha , Cho Su-Ho , Han Hee , Ahn Chi Won , Roh Jaewoo , Oh Il-Kwon , Lee Jinwoo , Lee Yonghee
Published: December 2024

Extensively explored for their distinctive pseudocapacitance characteristics, MXenes, a distinguished group of 2D materials, have led to remarkable achievements, particularly in the realm of energy storage devices. This work presents an innovative Pseudocapacitive Sensor. The key lies in switching the energy storage kinetics from pseudocapacitor to electrical double layer capacitor by employing the change of local pH (-log[H+]) in MXene-based flexible supercapacitors during bending. Pseudocapacitive sensing is observed in acidic electrolyte but absent in neutral electrolyte. Applied shearing during bending causes liquid-crystalline MXene sheets to increase in their degree of anisotropic alignment. With blocking of H+ mobility due to the higher diffusion barrier, local pH increases. The electrochemical energy storage kinetics transits from Faradaic chemical protonation (intercalation) to non-Faradaic physical adsorption. We utilize the phenomenon of capacitance change due to shifting energy storage kinetics for strain sensing purposes. The developed highly sensitive Pseudocapacitive Sensors feature a remarkable gauge factor (GF) of approximately 1200, far surpassing conventional strain sensors (GF: ~ 1 for dielectric-cap sensor). The introduction of the Pseudocapacitive Sensor represents a paradigm shift, expanding the application of pseudocapacitance from being solely confined to energy devices to the realm of multifunctional electronics. This technological leap enriches our understanding of the pseudocapacitance mechanism of MXenes, and will drive innovation in cutting-edge technology areas, including advanced robotics, implantable biomedical devices, and health monitoring systems.
Neuro-Fuzzy Logic for Automatic Animation Scene Generation in Movie Arts in Digital Media Technology
Authors: Peng Liu
Published: December 2024

Animation scene generation (ASG) is the best digital media tool for lifelike scenes, particularly for movies. Traditional animation methods are laborious, computationally intensive, and scalable. Thus, this work addresses animation production issues using NFL-ASG. Combining fuzzy logic with a convolution neural network may create more realistic animated situations with less human interaction and better learning. Convolutional model training uses animation scenarios’ complicated motion patterns, character interactions, and ambient factors. Deep learning and fuzzy logic might change animation by boosting production techniques and releasing digital media technological creativity. After testing the system on the Moana Island scene dataset, it achieved a perception analysis success rate of 0.981% and a minimal processing complexity of (n logn).
Labor market reintegration strategies of Albanian return migrants from Greece
Authors: Xhaho Armela , Bailey Ajay , Çaro Erka
Published: December 2024

For many migrants, returning to their country of origin is an important turning point in their migration trajectory. However, whether reverse migration proves successful depends largely on whether returnees are again able to participate in the social, economic, cultural, and political life of their country of origin. This paper draws on 37 biographical interviews conducted with Albanian returnees in three different geographical areas of Albania: Fier, Tirana, and Voskopoja. It aims to capture the diverse strategies the return migrants employed in navigating the labor market upon their return. We examine how the social and human capital the returnees accumulated while abroad shaped their patterns of reintegration into the labor market. We find that the returnees’ social capital in the form of social relationships and their human capital in the form of work experience influenced their entrepreneurial activities in their home country. Moreover, we observe that some of the returnees who were able to capitalize on their migration experiences in their host country introduced a new work culture and new products to their home country and offered better quality work than their local competitors. Our findings further indicate that while the returnees’ social networks improved their economic prospects, the levels of trust and social responsibility in these networks enabled them to develop and expand their business activities.
Estimation of dynamic soil properties for geotechnical analysis in the Niger Delta using index testing and empirical correlations
Authors: Kennedy Charles
Published: December 2024

This study investigated geotechnical properties of subsurface soils from Mbiama town in Rivers State, Niger Delta region through laboratory index testing and development of empirical correlations to estimate dynamic soil parameters. Grain size analyses revealed heterogeneous stratigraphy transitioning from upper clayey sands to lower gravelly sands deposited under changing fluvio-deltaic conditions. Atterberg limits exhibited decreasing plasticity trends with depth confirming the textural variations. Laboratory data conforms to layering architecture inferred from depositional facies analyses. Predictive models were developed relating Standard Penetration Test blow counts (SPT-N) and shear wave velocity (Vs) to depth, moisture content and percentage sand. High regression coefficients validated models' accuracy in reproducing over 90% of field measurements. Factor of safety against liquefaction was correlated to SPT-N, accounting for density-dependent properties. Index-based characterizations aligned well with trends predicted by the empirical correlations. This research demonstrated robust indirect estimation of dynamic geotechnical indices for foundation design and seismic risk analysis in data-scarce Niger Delta through standardized field and laboratory index testing integrated with depositionally-linked predictive models.
Social networks and the impact of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Dothan Shai
Published: December 2024

Insights from Social Network Analysis reveal that the structure of the social network surrounding international courts is important for these courts’ ability to secure compliance with their judgments and by this to initiate social change. International courts like the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) invest growing resources in shaping their networks, recognising that these networks are necessary tools that can help them to influence society. This paper will focus on the ways social network analysis can facilitate a better understanding of the ECtHR. The paper explains how certain characteristics of the network surrounding the ECtHR determine the ultimate social impact of the court.
Hegel and Heidegger on the Phenomenology of Conscience
Authors: Staehler Tanja
Published: December 2024

In this essay, I explore possibilities for phenomenology beyond Hegel with respect to questions of conscience, guilt, and ethics. In the first section, I briefly introduce Heidegger’s phenomenology. The next section provides an interpretation of conscience in Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit. Like Hegel, Heidegger claims that conscience states my guilt prior to any specific wrongdoings; Heidegger’s ideas around the ‘call of conscience’ are thus considered next. Building on differences and connections between Hegel’s and Heidegger’s phenomenologies of conscience, the final section outlines implications for a phenomenologically responsive ethics.
Uncovering Key Predictive Channels and Clinical Variables in the Gamma Band Auditory Steady-State Response in Early Stage Psychosis – a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Holton Kristina M. , Higgins Amy , Brockmeier Austin J. , Hall Mei-Hua
Published: December 2024

Objective:

Psychotic disorders are characterized by abnormalities in the synchronization of neuronal responses. A 40 Hz gamma band deficit during auditory steady-state response (ASSR) measured by electroencephalogram (EEG) is a robust observation in psychosis and is associated with symptoms and functional deficits. However, the majority of ASSR studies focus on specific electrode sites, while whole scalp analysis using all channels, and the association with clinical symptoms, are rare.

Methods:

In this study, we use whole-scalp 40 Hz ASSR EEG measurements—power and phase locking factor—to establish deficits in early-stage psychosis (ESP) subjects, classify ESP status using an ensemble of machine learning techniques, identify correlates with principal components obtained from clinical/demographic/functioning variables, and correlate functional outcome after a short-term follow-up.

Results:

We identified significant spatially-distributed group level differences for power and phase locking. The performance of different machine learning techniques and interpretation of the extracted feature importance indicate that phase locking has a more predictive and parsimonious pattern than power. Phase locking is also associated with principal components composed of measures of cognitive processes. Short-term functional outcome is associated with baseline 40 Hz ASSR signals from the FCz and other channels in both phase locking and power.

Conclusion:

This whole scalp EEG study provides additional evidence to link deficits in 40 Hz ASSRs with cognition and functioning in ESP, and corroborates with prior studies of phase locking from a subset of EEG channels. Confirming 40 Hz ASSR deficits serves as a candidate phenotype to identify circuit dysfunctions and a biomarker for clinical outcomes in psychosis.
Improving Computer Vision Interpretability: Transparent Two-Level Classification for Complex Scenes
Authors: Scholz Stefan , Weidmann Nils B. , Steinert-Threlkeld Zachary C. , Keremoğlu Eda , Goldlücke Bastian
Published: December 2024

Treating images as data has become increasingly popular in political science. While existing classifiers for images reach high levels of accuracy, it is difficult to systematically assess the visual features on which they base their classification. This paper presents a two-level classification method that addresses this transparency problem. At the first stage, an image segmenter detects the objects present in the image and a feature vector is created from those objects. In the second stage, this feature vector is used as input for standard machine learning classifiers to discriminate between images. We apply this method to a new dataset of more than 140,000 images to detect which ones display political protest. This analysis demonstrates three advantages to this paper’s approach. First, identifying objects in images improves transparency by providing human-understandable labels for the objects shown on an image. Second, knowing these objects enables analysis of which distinguish protest images from non-protest ones. Third, comparing the importance of objects across countries reveals how protest behavior varies. These insights are not available using conventional computer vision classifiers and provide new opportunities for comparative research.
Normalized ground state solutions for critical growth Schrödinger equations with Hardy potential
Authors: Fan Song , Li Gui-Dong , Tang Chun-Lei
Published: December 2024

In this article, we study the following Schrödinger equation

\begin{align*}
\begin{cases}
-\Delta u -\frac{\mu}{|x|^2} u+\lambda u =f(u), &\text{in}~ \mathbb{R}^N\backslash\{0\},\\
\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|u|^{2}\mathrm{d} x=a, & u\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^{N}),
\end{cases}
\end{align*}

where

$N\geq 3$

, a > 0, and

$\mu \lt \frac{(N-2)^2}{4}$

. Here

$\frac{1}{|x|^2} $

represents the Hardy potential (or ‘inverse-square potential’), λ is a Lagrange multiplier, and the nonlinearity function f satisfies the general Sobolev critical growth condition. Our main goal is to demonstrate the existence of normalized ground state solutions for this equation when

$0 \lt \mu \lt \frac{(N-2)^2}{4}$

. We also analyse the behaviour of solutions as

$\mu\to0^+$

and derive the existence of normalized ground state solutions for the limiting case where µ = 0. Finally, we investigate the existence of normalized solutions when µ < 0 and analyse the asymptotic behaviour of solutions as

$\mu\to 0^-$

.
The role of n-3 fatty acids in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Tang Binbin , Zhang Wenyang , Gu Ajun , Miao Yangde , Yu Guang
Published: December 2024

Prior observational studies have reported the potential protective effect of n-3 fatty acids on the prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, the causal impact of n-3 fatty acids on AP is unclear. We aimed to investigate further the association of n-3 fatty acids with AP. We performed a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomisation (MR) to explore the association between n-3 fatty acids and the prognosis of AP from clinical observation and genetics perspectives, respectively. Nine randomised controlled trials were included in this study. The result meta-analysis showed that complementary therapy of n-3 fatty acids significantly decreased mortality (Relative Risk (RR): 0·30; 95 % CI 0·14, 0·65, P < 0·05) and infectious complications in AP (RR: 0·45; 95 % CI 0·27, 0·77, P < 0·05). Compared with the control groups, the hospital stays (MD: −1·02; 95 % CI −1·85, −0·20, P < 0·05) in AP patients with n-3 fatty acids treatment were statistically reduced. However, the ICU stay (MD: −0·49; 95 % CI −1·29, −0·31, P > 0·05) between control groups and AP patients with n-3 fatty acids treatment was insignificant. Utilising genetic susceptibility analysis in the MR approach, the MR showed n-3 fatty acids have a significant causal effect on the AP risk (OR, 0·887; 95 % CI 0·797, 0·986, P = 0·027, fixed-effect; OR, 0·887; 95 % CI 0·792, 0·993, P = 0·037, random-effect). n-3 fatty acids complementary therapy may improve the prognosis of AP. Furthermore, genetically predicted serum levels of n-3 fatty acids can significantly lower AP risk.
Biorefined perennial ryegrass press cake as an alternative feed for dairy cows in late lactation and during the dry period: a demonstration
Authors: Costigan H. , Lahart B. , Kennedy M. , Herron J. , Sanders J. P. M. , Gaffey J. , Lambrechts B. , Shalloo L.
Published: December 2024

To investigate the potential application of replacing a proportion of a perennial ryegrass (PRG) silage diet with press cake on productivity and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in late lactation and non-lactating spring-calving dairy cows, a study was undertaken in which control cows (n = 21) were offered PRG silage, while treatment cows (n = 21) were offered a diet consisting of 60% PRG press cake and 40% of the same PRG silage. Although treatment cows had higher group average dry matter intakes (DMI) and produced more enteric CH4, carbon dioxide (CO2), milk solids, protein, fat- and protein-corrected milk yield (FPCM) in late lactation, the magnitude of the difference between treatment and control cows varied from week to week (P < 0.050). When enteric CH4 per kg of milk yield, milk solids and FPCM were considered, there was no significant difference between treatment and control. Absolute enteric CH4 was higher for cows fed press cake during the non-lactating period but this tended to vary from week to week. Similarly, CO2 (P < 0.001) and hydrogen (H2; P = 0.023) differed from week to week for cows offered press cake, and cows offered PRG silage in the non-lactating period. Although there was no significant effect of diet on body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS), when enteric CH4 was expressed on a per kg BW basis, cows offered press cake tended to produce more enteric CH4 in both late lactation and during the dry period.
Politics, Gender and the Global: New Directions in the History of Christianity in South Africa
Authors: CABRITA JOEL
Published: December 2024

Two contradictory tendencies mark the historiography of Christianity in South Africa. First, the country has been a rich crucible for important scholarship on Christianity. In a country where 80 per cent of the population currently claim Christian affiliation, it is not hard to imagine why this would be the case. The country has a centuries-old Christian presence, spanning the Protestantism of early Dutch settlers in the Cape to the many European and North American missionaries of all persuasions who descended upon South Africa in subsequent centuries (some estimated that the south-eastern region of Natal in the nineteenth century was the most missionised area in the world at that time). An equally great magnet for scholarship was the size and diversity of the independent church movement in South Africa – or those Christians who broke away from missionary oversight to form Black-led congregations, many affiliated with other Black Christian organisations in the Atlantic world. By the mid-century, thousands of churches labelling themselves as Zionist, Apostolic and Ethiopian filled South Africa and attracted a commensurately rich scholarship; many such studies focused on how Christianity was Africanised via the independent church movement. In a darker vein, a further impetus for scholarly interest was the way in which Protestantism was wielded by (some) Afrikaners to justify the apartheid regime. Unsurprisingly, this led to an expansive twentieth-century literature on state power and Christianity, both social scientific as well as theological. Finally, historical studies in general have tended to cluster more densely in South Africa than is the case for many other regions of the African continent – a phenomenon that is due to the country's thriving research scene and its many tertiary education institutions. Viewed from this perspective, the large number of histories of Christianity in South Africa should be seen as a smaller subset of the extensive scholarship on South Africa itself.
Vitamin D and other micronutrient deficiency prevention: the role of data in informing national, regional and global policy
Authors: Cashman Kevin D.
Published: December 2024

The WHO describes micronutrient deficiencies, or hidden hunger, as a form of malnutrition that occurs due to low intake and/or absorption of minerals and vitamins, putting human development and health at risk. In many cases, emphasis, effort and even policy revolve around the prevention of deficiency of one particular micronutrient in isolation. This is understandable as that micronutrient may be among a group of nutrients of public health concern. Vitamin D is a good exemplar. This review will highlight how the actions taken to tackle low vitamin D status have been highly dependent on the generation of new data and/or new approaches to analysis of existing data, to help develop the evidence-base, inform advice/guidelines, and in some cases, translate into policy. Beyond focus on individual micronutrients, there has also been increasing international attention around hidden hunger, or deficiencies of a range of micronutrients, which can exist unaccompanied by obvious clinical signs but can adversely affect human development and health. A widely quoted estimate of the global prevalence of hidden hunger is a staggering two billion people, but this is now over 30 years old. This review will outline how strategic data sharing and generation is seeking to address this key knowledge gap in relation to the true prevalence of hidden hunger in Europe, a key starting point towards defining sustainable and cost-effective, food-based strategies for its prevention. The availability of data on prevalence and food-based strategies can help inform public policy to eradicate micronutrient deficiency in Europe.
Universal algebra in UniMath
Authors: Amato Gianluca , Calosci Matteo , Maggesi Marco , Perini Brogi Cosimo
Published: December 2024

We present our library for universal algebra in the UniMath framework dealing with multi-sorted signatures, their algebras and the basics for equation systems. We show how to implement term algebras over a signature without resorting to general inductive constructions (currently not allowed in UniMath) still retaining the computational nature of the definition. We prove that our single sorted ground term algebras are instances of homotopy W-types. From this perspective, the library enriches UniMath with a computationally well-behaved implementation of a class of W-types. Moreover, we give neat constructions of the univalent categories of algebras and equational algebras by using the formalism of displayed categories and show that the term algebra over a signature is the initial object of the category of algebras. Finally, we showcase the computational relevance of our work by sketching some basic examples from algebra and propositional logic.
How to Remain a Humanist after a Massacre in 17 Steps
Authors: Yasur Maya Arad , Freibach Shir , Aronson-Lehavi Sharon
Published: December 2024

Written 10 days after the 7 October 2023 massacre, Israeli playwright Maya Arad Yasur’s How to Remain a Humanist after a Massacre in 17 Steps captures the trauma and dilemmas of a woman, a mother, and a writer whose world and worldview have been shattered. Yasur’s work has been produced in theatres in Europe, Israel, and the US.
Lowrider Legacies
Authors: Avilés-Rodríguez Guillermo
Published: December 2024

Lowrider culture in Southern California and within Chicana/o social relations is a powerful example of minoritarian cultural production and an important yet undertheorized aesthetic, political, and gendered cultural object. Linking the lowrider enthusiast’s body and this cultural object—their vehicle—as a continuous signifying spectrum of self-inscription reifıes an alternative understanding of lowrider identities.
Hermann Cohen’s Neo-Kantian Ethical Socialism
Authors: Widmer Elisabeth Theresia
Published: December 2024

Hermann Cohen, the founding father of Marburg neo-Kantianism, is known for criticising capitalism from a Kantian ethical perspective. Thus far, the role of the notion of humanity in this critique has been viewed as grounding what I shall call the ‘purposive labour reading’. This reading takes Cohen’s primary interest to lie in a reorganisation of work so that our humanity, which requires us to be treated as ends, remains intact. With the aim to better understand the relevant notion of humanity, I contextualise the discussion within the overall framework of Cohens’ neo-Kantian account of ethical cognition and situate his ideas in the context of his contemporary interlocutors. Revisiting Cohen’s remarks on socialism and capitalism against this backdrop reveals that his discussion of labour serves as an exemplar, showcasing how ethical rationality manifests in the liberal socialists’ demands. I argue that his primary aim was not to prepare the ground for a prescriptive labour theory – though this is likely to follow – but to argue for a framework alternative to historical materialism, allowing us to perceive and interpret social practices in an ethical light.
An ultra-wideband current-reused LNA MMIC with negative feedback and adaptive bias networks
Authors: Xuan Xuefei , Cheng Zhiqun , Gong Tingwei , Zhang Zhiwei , Le Chao
Published: December 2024

An ultra-wideband current-reused low-noise amplifier (LNA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit design is presented in this letter. Negative feedback networks are employed at both stages of the proposed LNA to expand bandwidth. Furthermore, source adaptive bias networks is designed in the first stage and combined with a current-reused construction to acquire a compact chip size and maintain low power consumption. Then, the validation of design theory is implemented by employing a 0.15-µm gallium arsenide pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility transistor process. The measured results show that the proposed LNA achieves a small signal gain of 15.5–17.8 dB, a noise figure of 3–3.65 dB, and an output 1 dB compression point (OP1 dB) of 14.5–15.5 dBm from the target bandwidth of 2–18 GHz. In addition, the fabricated LNA consumes 220 mW from a 5 V supply and occupies a chip area of 1.2 × 1.5 mm2.
Multiple resistance to ALS and ACCase inhibitors and auxin herbicides in late watergrass (Echinochloa phyllopogon) populations across rice production systems in northern Greece
Authors: Papapanagiotou Aristeidis P. , Loukovitis Dimitrios , Eleftherohorinos Ilias G.
Published: December 2024

Seventeen putative resistant late watergrass populations [Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf.) Koso-Pol.; syn.: Echinochloa oryzicola (Vasinger) Vasinger] originating from rice (Oryza sativa L.) monoculture fields in northern Greece were examined for possible evolution of multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors and auxin herbicides in rate–response pot assays. Most of the populations were highly cross-resistant to the ALS-inhibiting herbicides bispyribac-Na, imazamox, penoxsulam, and nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron, whereas three of them were also multiple resistant to both ALS and the auxin mimic quinclorac. In addition, two E. phyllopogon populations were found to be multiple resistant to the ALS and ACCase inhibitors cycloxydim, cyhalofop-butyl, profoxydim, and quizalofop-P-ethyl. Amplification and sequencing of the ACCase gene fragment from eight surviving profoxydim-treated plants of the two multiple-resistant E. phyllopogon populations to ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, revealed an Ile to Leu substitution at codon 1781 of the ACCase enzyme. However, amplification and sequencing of the ALS gene fragment in the same E. phyllopogon plants sequenced for ACCase revealed a Trp to Leu substitution at codon 574 of the ALS enzyme in three out of the eight sequenced plants. These results strongly support the evidence of coexisting E. phyllopogon multiple target-site resistance to ALS and ACCase inhibitors, which is reported for the first time.
Lipödem-Life-Balance!
Authors: Lipp Anna-Theresa
Published: December 2024

Das Lipödem ist nicht nur ein ästhetisches Problem, sondern eine chronische und meist fortschreitende Erkrankung und beeinflusst alle Lebensbereiche. Die Ursache ist eine Fettverteilungsstörung der unteren und oberen Extremitäten, die zu einer physisch wie psychisch extrem belastenden Lebenssituation führen kann. Konservative Behandlungen (Kompressionsstrümpfe, Lymph-drainagen) bieten oft nur temporäre Linderung der Beschwerden. Sport und Diäten bringen bei normal-gewichtigen Patienten und Patientinnen so gut wie keine Besserung der Beschwerden. Mehr Aussicht auf Erfolg hat eine Fett-absaugung an den betroffenen Stellen, kombiniert mit einer ergänzenden individuellen Stoffwechselumstellung. Patien-tinnen können dadurch Schmerzfreiheit, eine ästhe-tische Verbesserung und mehr Lebensqualität erreichen. Aber weder die Fettabsaugung noch eine Ernährungs-umstellung bedeuten Heilung. Vielmehr scheint langfristig nur die Kombination von verschiedenen physischen und mentalen Maßnahmen eine nachhaltige und lebenslange Verbesserung zu bringen. Das bedingt eine Änderung des Lebensstils und das Finden einer individuellen Balance.Die Autorin, selbst auch (ehemals) Betroffene, erklärt aus ärztlicher Sicht kompetent und anschaulich, welche Möglichkeiten und Grenzen z. B. eine Liposuktion bietet.Mit Blick auf alle Facetten dieser Erkrankung gelingt es ihr, medizinische Sachverhalte, aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zu allen wichtigen Themen wie Fettstoffwechsel, Hormone, Entzündung oder die Wirkung von Nahrungsergänzungs-mittel verständlich darzustellen. Tipps, authentische Erfahrungsberichte sowie ein eigenes Kapitel mit erfolgreich getesteten Rezepten sind direkt umsetzbar, um den eigenen Lebensstil zu ändern.
Was ist gute Demenzpflege?
Authors: Held Christoph
Published: December 2024

Das erfolgreiche Praxishandbuch versteht eine Demenz als ein verändertes Selbsterleben, bei dem das Gehirn vorüberge­hend oder für längere Zeit seine integrative Fähigkeit verliert. Die Betroffenen verhalten sich dann vielfach sehr wechselhaft und werden von ihren Angehörigen und den Pflegenden oft als „zerrissen‟ erlebt. Infolgedessen können die Wahrnehmung und die Beurteilung der eigenen Befindlich­keit verloren gehen - der Film des Lebens bekommt Risse. Diese Zustände veränderten Selbsterlebens sind häufig mit herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen wie Angst, Unruhe, Ungewissheit oder Gereiztheit verbunden. Lügen und Täuschungen verstärken dieses Erleben.Im Dialog mit Pflegenden entwickelte der erfahrene Altersmediziner Christoph Held einen Ansatz, um Menschen mit einer Demenz und ihrem veränderten Selbsterleben beschreiben, erkennen, verstehen und wirkungsvoll unterstützen zu können. Anschaulich beschreibt er das veränderte Selbsterleben in alltäglichen Situationen, wie beim Essen und Trinken, Ausscheiden, Kommunizieren, Sich-Bewegen, Sprechen mit Angehörigen, Waschen und Ankleiden. Detailliert erläutert er die Folgen veränderten Selbsterlebens für die Gestaltung von Lebensräumen und den Sterbeprozess von Menschen mit Demenz.Die dritte Auflage beschreibt drei unterschiedliche Strategien aktueller Behandlungsansätze, erstens die präventiven Maßnahmen zur Behandlung von Risikofaktoren, zweitens die symptomatische Pharmakotherapie, die auf die Verbesserung kognitiver Prozesse zielt und drittens die Verzögerung und Verlangsamung des Krankheitsverlaufs.
Future Freshwater Fluxes From the Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Coulon Violaine , De Rydt Jan , Gregov Thomas , Qin Qing , Pattyn Frank
Published: December 2024

Surface freshening of the Southern Ocean driven by meltwater discharge from the Antarctic ice sheet has been shown to influence global climate dynamics. However, most climate models fail to account for spatially and temporally varying freshwater inputs from ice sheets, introducing significant uncertainty into climate projections. We present the first historically calibrated projections of Antarctic freshwater fluxes (sub‐shelf melting, calving, and surface meltwater runoff) to 2300 that can be used to force climate models lacking interactive ice sheets. Our findings indicate substantial changes in the magnitude and partitioning of Antarctic freshwater discharge over the coming decades and centuries, particularly under very‐high warming scenarios, driven by the progressive collapse of the West Antarctic ice shelves. We project a shift in the form and location of Antarctic freshwater sources, as liquid sub‐shelf melting increases under the two climate scenarios considered, and surface meltwater runoff could potentially become a dominant contributor under extreme atmospheric warming.
A Global Thermospheric Density Prediction Framework Based on a Deep Evidential Method
Authors: Wang Yiran , Bai Xiaoli
Published: December 2024

Thermospheric density influences the atmospheric drag and is crucial for space missions. This paper introduces a global thermospheric density prediction framework based on a deep evidential method. The proposed framework predicts thermospheric density at the required time and geographic position with given geomagnetic and solar indices. It is called global to differentiate it from existing research that only predicts density along a satellite orbit. Through the deep evidential method, we assimilate data from various sources including solar and geomagnetic conditions, accelerometer‐derived density data, and empirical models including the Jacchia‐Bowman model (JB‐2008) and the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter Radar Extended (NRLMSISE‐00) model. The framework is investigated on five test cases along various satellites from 2003 to 2015 involving geomagnetic storms with Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) values smaller than −50 . Results show that the proposed framework can generate density with higher accuracy than the two empirical models. It can also obtain reliable uncertainty estimations. Global density estimations at altitudes from 200 to 550 km are also presented and compared with empirical models on both quiet and storm conditions.
Beneficial microbiome and diet interplay in early-onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhou Zhengyuan , Kleis Linda , Depetris-Chauvin Ana , Jaskulski Stefanie , Damerell Victoria , Michels Karin B , Gigic Biljana , Nöthlings Ute , Panagiotou Gianni
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although the risk of developing CRC increases with age, approximately 10% of newly diagnosed cases occur in individuals under the age of 50. Significant changes in dietary habits in young adults since industrialization create a favorable microenvironment for colorectal carcinogenesis. We aim here to shed light on the complex interplay between diet and gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and prevention of early-onset CRC (EO-CRC). We provide an overview of dietary risk factors associated with EO-CRC and contrast them with the general trends for CRC. We delve into gut bacteria, fungi, and phages with potential benefits against CRC and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, based on recent findings from human studies, we offer insights into how dietary modifications could potentially enhance gut microbiome composition to mitigate CRC risk. All together, we outline the current research landscape in this area and propose directions for future investigations that could pave the way for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Navigating from cellular phenotypic screen to clinical candidate: selective targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Matico Rosalie , Grauwen Karolien , Chauhan Dhruv , Yu Xiaodi , Abdiaj Irini , Adhikary Suraj , Adriaensen Ine , Aranzazu Garcia Molina , Alcázar Jesus , Bassi Michela , Brisse Ellen , Cañellas Santiago , Chaudhuri Shubhra , Delgado Francisca , Diéguez-Vázquez Alejandro , Du Jardin Marc , Eastham Victoria , Finley Michael , Jacobs Tom , Keustermans Ken , Kuhn Robert , Llaveria Josep , Leenaerts Jos , Linares Maria Lourdes , Martín Maria Luz , Martín-Pérez Rosa , Martínez Carlos , Miller Robyn , Muñoz Frances M , Muratore Michael E , Nooyens Amber , Perez-Benito Laura , Perrier Mathieu , Pietrak Beth , Serré Jef , Sharma Sujata , Somers Marijke , Suarez Javier , Tresadern Gary , Trabanco Andres A , Van den Bulck Dries , Van Gool Michiel , Van Hauwermeiren Filip , Varghese Teena , Vega Juan Antonio , Youssef Sameh A , Edwards Matthew J , Oehlrich Daniel , Van Opdenbosch Nina
Published: December 2024

The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in host defense and drives inflammation against microbial threats, crystals, and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Dysregulation of NLRP3 activity is associated with various human diseases, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Patients with NLRP3 mutations suffer from Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome (CAPS) emphasizing the clinical significance of modulating NLRP3. In this study, we present the identification of a novel chemical class exhibiting selective and potent inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Through a comprehensive structure–activity relationship (SAR) campaign, we optimized the lead molecule, compound A, for in vivo applications. Extensive in vitro and in vivo characterization of compound A confirmed the high selectivity and potency positioning compound A as a promising clinical candidate for diseases associated with aberrant NLRP3 activity. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in developing targeted therapies for conditions involving NLRP3-mediated inflammation, opening avenues for further preclinical and clinical investigations.
Electroanalytical overview: the use of laser-induced graphene sensors
Authors: Crapnell Robert D. , Bernalte Elena , Muñoz Rodrigo A. A. , Banks Craig E.
Published: December 2024

Laser-induced graphene, which was first reported in 2014, involves the creation of graphene by using a laser to modify a polyimide surface.
Correction: A biotin-stabilized HKUST-1/ADM scaffold for facilitating MSC endothelial differentiation and vascularization in diabetic wound healing
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Kong Linghong , Wang Qi , Wang Hui , Yang Yongzhen , Fu Jinping , Zhang Yue , Dong Jianyue , Zeng Changchun , Liu Hanping
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘A biotin-stabilized HKUST-1/ADM scaffold for facilitating MSC endothelial differentiation and vascularization in diabetic wound healing’ by Qiong Zhang et al., Biomater. Sci., 2023, 11, 854–872, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2BM01443B.
Study of methylene blue removal and photocatalytic degradation on zirconia thin films modified with Mn-Anderson polyoxometalates
Authors: Florez Jiress , Diaz-Uribe Carlos , Vallejo William , Duran Freider , Puello Esneyder , Salazar Javier , Zarate Ximena , Schott Eduardo
Published: December 2024

After photoexcitation, an LMCT from the ZrO2 to the POM takes place.
High-pressure phase transition and amorphization of BaV2O6
Authors: Zhang Peijie , Botella Pablo , Bura Neha , Rodrigo Jose-Luis , Sanchez-Martin Josu , Vie David , Popescu Catalin , Errandonea Daniel
Published: December 2024

BaV2O6 undergoes a phase transition from the orthorhombic phase (space group C222) to a monoclinic phase (space group C2) above 4 GPa, driven by the distortion of the vanadium oxide polyhedron.
Constructing dendrite-suppressing separators based on cellulose acetate and polyoxometalates toward uniform lithium electrodeposition
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Zhang Jiayuan , Wang Gui , Zhang Chunhui , Fan Linlin , Cao Yundong , Liu Hong , Gao Guanggang
Published: December 2024

Functionalized separators are expected to serve as protective barriers to conquer the lithium dendrite penetration in lithium metal batteries.
Dry-processed thick electrode design with a porous conductive agent enabling 20 mA h cm−2 for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Oh Hyeseong , Kim Gyu-Sang , Bang Jiyoon , Kim San , Jeong Kyeong-Min
Published: December 2024

Dry-processed thick cathodes designed with a porous spherical conductive agent exhibit superior electrochemical performances, even with high areal capacities of up to 20 mA h cm−2 and a high composite density of 3.65 g cm−3.
Can we mimic 3D printing of low molecular weight gels using a rheometer? – a characterisation toolkit for extrusion printed gels
Authors: Ginesi Rebecca Elaine , Doutch James , Draper Emily Rose
Published: December 2024

3D printing hydrogels from low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) continues to attract notable interest, with many potential applications. One of the main issues with 3D printing is the difficulty characterising...
Face-controlled chirality induction in octahedral thiacalixarene-based porous coordination cages
Authors: Khariushin Ivan V. , Ovsyannikov Alexander S. , Baudron Stéphane A. , Ward Jas S. , Kiesilä Anniina , Rissanen Kari , Kalenius Elina , Chessé Matthieu , Nowicka Beata , Solovieva Svetlana E. , Antipin Igor S. , Bulach Véronique , Ferlay Sylvie
Published: December 2024

Two pairs of enantiomers were obtained via self-assembly of sulfonylcalix[4]arene tetranuclear M(ii) clusters (M = Co or Ni) with enantiomerically enriched linkers based on tris(dipyrrinato)cobalt(iii) complexes, leading to nanosized porous cages.
Retraction: Research on CO2/CH4/N2 competitive adsorption characteristics of anthracite coal from Shanxi Sihe coal mine
Authors: Jinzhang Jia , Lingyi Xiao
Published: December 2024

Retraction of ‘Research on CO2/CH4/N2 competitive adsorption characteristics of anthracite coal from Shanxi Sihe coal mine’ by Jia Jinzhang et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 3498–3512, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA08467A.
Aerobic oxidation of alkylarenes and polystyrene waste to benzoic acids via a copper-based catalyst
Authors: Xu Enjie , Liu Tianwei , Xie Fuyu , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao
Published: December 2024

A highly efficient copper-based photocatalytic system is developed for aerobic depolymerization of polystyrene waste, achieving benzoic acid in up to 65% total yield through an integrated one-pot two-step procedure.
Lead-free lanthanide-based Cs3LnCl6 metal halides
Authors: Ding Yuanzhe , Liu Dongjie , Dang Peipei , Li Guogang , Lin Jun
Published: December 2024

This review systematically summarized the synthesis approaches towards both polycrystals and nanocrystals, and discussed the crystal/electronic structure, luminescence principle, and optimized strategies of lanthanide-based Cs3LnCl6 metal halides.
Partial discharge characteristics of syntactic foam filled with hollow polymer microspheres
Authors: Li Le , Tan Shuo , Liu Yunpeng , Li Haoyi , Xu Kezhi , Zhen Guancheng , Yin Xiaoxuan , Zhao Tianfang , Wu Wenhua , Yang Lei
Published: December 2024

Syntactic foam materials, due to their advantages of low densities, low water absorption, and high dielectric strengths, have significant application potential in the cores of post insulators. However, because of a large number of microbubble structures within the syntactic foam, it might decrease the partial discharge inception voltage. It is necessary to investigate the partial discharge characteristics of the foam to assess the feasibility of its internal insulation application. In this study, the syntactic foam samples with four different microsphere contents (0%–2%) were prepared, and the physical structures of the materials were characterised by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and three‐dimensional computed tomography. Subsequently, finite element simulations of the electric field were performed to analyse the influence of the microsphere content and distribution on the internal electric field of the syntactic foam. The results suggested that both the microsphere content and distribution affected the partial discharge activity. When the microsphere content was low, the doping of microspheres essentially meant that more air gap defects were present, leading to a decrease in the partial discharge performance. However, when the microsphere content was high, the microspheres were distributed in a dense and orderly manner, improving the field concentration phenomenon and hence inhibiting the partial discharge to a certain extent. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide a data reference and theoretical support for the application of syntactic foam in the cores of composite post insulators.
Evaluation of automated driving safety in urban mixed traffic environments
Authors: Lee Sangjae , Jo Young , Jung Aram , Park Juneyoung , Oh Cheol
Published: December 2024

Conflicting driving behaviours between automated vehicles and manually driven vehicles may compromise driving safety. The aim of this study is to analyse the safety of mixed traffic on urban roads. The driving simulation tests were conducted using a multi‐agent driving simulator, which allows real‐time synchronization of multiple simulators. These data were further processed to derive the driving behaviour parameters of manually driven vehicles in VISSIM traffic simulations. Driving safety evaluation indicators included conflict‐related indicators, as well as individual safety indicators. The safety evaluation indicators were normalized through min–max normalization, and the risk scores were summed to evaluate the urban roads. The analysis revealed that driving safety was poor at unsignalized intersections with a market penetration rate of 10% and 50% and at signalized intersections with traffic islands and a market penetration rate of 100%, where conflicts arise from the deceleration of leading vehicles and lane changes. This finding is about the driving behaviour of automated vehicles, which maintain a greater distance from the leading vehicle than manually driven vehicles, resulting in poorer driving safety due to lane changes rather than deceleration. Using the findings of this study, criteria for assessing the safety of mixed traffic situations in existing road infrastructures can be established.