bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First successful porcine to human heart transplantation performed in the United States
Authors: Shah Aakash M. , Han Jason J.
Published: February 2022

In an 8‐h operation, the cardiac surgery team at the University of Maryland Medical Center made history by performing the first porcine‐to‐human heart transplant without signs of early rejection. Xenotransplantation offers a potential solution to the thousands of patients worldwide who die annually while waiting for donor organs.
Novel microbiome signatures for non‐invasive diagnosis of adenoma recurrence after colonoscopic polypectomy
Authors: Liang Jessie Qiaoyi , Zeng Yao , Kwok Grace , Cheung Chun Pan , Suen Bing Yee , Ching Jessica Y. L. , To Ka Fai , Yu Jun , Chan Francis K. L. , Ng Siew Chien
Published: February 2022

Background

We previously reported a panel of novel faecal microbiome gene markers for diagnosis of colorectal adenoma and cancer.

Aim

To evaluate whether these markers are useful in detecting adenoma recurrence after polypectomy.

Methods

Subjects were enrolled in a polyp surveillance study from 2009 to 2019. Stool samples were collected before bowel preparation of index colonoscopy (baseline) and surveillance colonoscopy (follow‐up). Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Lachnoclostridium marker (m3), Clostridium hathewayi (Ch) and Bacteroides clarus were quantified in baseline and follow‐up samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to correlate with adenoma recurrence. Recurrence was defined as new adenomas detected >6 months after polypectomy. Faecal immunochemical test (FIT) was performed for comparison.

Results

A total of 161 baseline and 104 follow‐up samples were analysed. Among patients with adenoma recurrence, Fn and m3 increased (both P < 0.05) while Ch were unchanged in follow‐up versus baseline samples. Among patients without recurrence, Fn and m3 were unchanged while Ch decreased (P < 0.05) in follow‐up versus baseline samples. Logistic regression that included changes of m3, Fn and Ch at follow‐up compared with baseline achieved an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.84‐0.99) with 90.0% sensitivity and 87.0% specificity for detecting recurrent adenoma. Combination of m3, Fn and Ch at follow‐up sample achieved AUROC of 0.74 (95%CI: 0.65‐0.82) with 81.3% sensitivity and 55.4% specificity for detecting recurrent adenoma. FIT showed limited sensitivity (8.3%) in detecting recurrent adenomas.

Conclusion

Our combinations of faecal microbiome gene markers can be potentially useful non‐invasive tools for detecting adenoma recurrence.
Component with abundant immune‐related cells in combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma identified by cluster analysis
Authors: Yagi Naoki , Suzuki Toshihiro , Mizuno Shoichi , Kojima Motohiro , Kudo Masashi , Sugimoto Motokazu , Kobayashi Shin , Gotohda Naoto , Ishii Genichiro , Nakatsura Tetsuya
Published: February 2022

Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC‐CCA) is a heterogeneous tumor sharing histological features with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of cHCC‐CCA is unclear. We compared the TIME of cHCC‐CCA with that of HCC and iCCA. Twenty‐three patients with cHCC‐CCA after hepatectomy were evaluated in this study. Twenty‐three patients with iCCA and HCC were also included. iCCA was matched for size, and HCC was matched for size and hepatitis virus infection with cHCC‐CCA. Immune‐related cells among the iCCA‐component of cHCC‐CCA (C‐com), HCC‐component of cHCC‐CCA (H‐com), iCCA, and HCC were assessed using multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Among C‐com, H‐com, iCCA, and HCC, multiple comparisons and cluster analysis with k‐nearest neighbor algorithms were performed using immunological variables. Although HCC had more T lymphocytes and lower PD‐L1 expression than iCCA (P < 0.05), there were no significant differences in immunological variables between C‐com and H‐com. C‐com tended to have more T lymphocytes than iCCA (P = 0.09), and C‐com and H‐com had fewer macrophages than HCC (P < 0.05). In cluster analysis, all samples were classified into two clusters: one cluster had more immune‐related cells than the other, and 12 of 23 H‐com and eight of 23 C‐com were identified in this cluster. The TIME of C‐com and H‐com may be similar, and some immunological features in these components were different from those in HCC and some iCCA. Cluster analysis identified components with abundant immune‐related cells in cHCC‐iCCA.
Contextual predictors of child fatality and near fatality cases due to abuse and neglect
Authors: Garcia Antonio R. , Ibekwe‐Okafor Nneka , Wasch Sarah , Kim Minseop
Published: February 2022

Little is known about what factors predict fatality and near fatality (NF) involving child maltreatment and if predictors differ between them. Analyses of cases in 2017 and 2018 in one Mid‐Atlantic state revealed that prior child welfare history and prevalence of risk factors, such as substance abuse, mental illness, interpersonal violence, chronic abuse, incarceration, sibling injuries, and unstable housing did not differ between fatality and NF cases. Logistic regression revealed fatalities decreased by 78% if victims received Emergency Room treatment. Findings underscore the need to train providers about risk factors and to develop interventions that increase utilisation of medical services.
Multiple cases of sensitization to an antiseptic containing chlorhexidine digluconate/benzalkonium chloride/benzyl alcohol with different profiles of sensitization in adults and children
Authors: Beaumont Charlotte , Darrigade Anne‐Sophie , Barbaud Annick , Collet Evelyne , Raison‐Peyron Nadia , Bourrain Jean‐Luc , Assier Haudrey , Giordano‐Labadie Françoise , Bara‐Passot Corina , Milpied Brigitte , Tétart Florence , Armingaud Pierre , Castelain Florence , Benkalfate Lamia , Boulard Claire , Delaunay Juliette , Mathelier‐Fusade Pascale , Pecquet Catherine , Pralong Pauline , Vital‐Durand Dominique , Genillier Foin Nathalie , Lefèvre Marine‐Alexia , Hacard Florence , Nosbaum Audrey , Pasteur Justine , Valois Aude , Vigan Martine , Ferrier le Bouëdec Marie‐Christine ,   REVIDAL‐GERDA Network
Published: February 2022

Background

An aqueous antiseptic containing “chlorhexidine digluconate/benzalkonium chloride/benzyl alcohol” (CBB) is widely used in France. The only previous documented study dealing with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to this antiseptic is one small case series in children. The French Vigilance Network for Dermatology and Allergy (REVIDAL‐GERDA) has collected many cases in the last few years.

Objectives

To evaluate the clinical and sensitization profiles of patients diagnosed with ACD to CBB.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of patients with contact dermatitis to CBB and positive tests to CBB and/or at least one of its components. All patients had to be tested with all components of CBB.

Results

A total of 102 patients (71 adults and 31 children) were included. The lesions were extensive in 63% of patients and 55% had delayed time to diagnosis. CBB patch tests were positive in 93.8% of cases. The allergen was identified in 97% of patients, mainly benzyl alcohol in adults (81.7%) and chlorhexidine digluconate in children (54.8%). About 32.4% of the patients were sensitized to several components.

Conclusion

CBB is a cause of ACD at all ages. The components of the antiseptic should be tested. The sensitization profile seems to be different between adults and children.
Population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations of berotralstat for prophylactic treatment of attacks of hereditary angioedema
Authors: Mathis Amanda , Sale Mark , Cornpropst Melanie , Sheridan William P. , Ma Shu Chin
Published: February 2022

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of swelling of the skin, larynx, gastrointestinal tract, genitals, and extremities that can be disruptive to patient quality of life. Dysregulation of plasma kallikrein activity leads to increased production and accumulation of bradykinin in HAE and causes attacks of angioedema. Plasma kallikrein is a serine protease essential for the formation of bradykinin. Berotralstat is a potent, highly selective, orally bioavailable small‐molecule plasma kallikrein inhibitor that has been approved to prevent attacks of HAE in adults and children 12 years of age and older. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) analyses were conducted to describe the PK of berotralstat (BCX7353; Orladeyo™) and to evaluate the covariates that may explain variability in PK. The PK of berotralstat were characterized by population PK modeling of data from 13 clinical studies and a total of 771 healthy subjects and patients with HAE. The PK profile was well described by a three‐compartment model with first‐order absorption including an absorption lag time and linear elimination. Among the covariates tested, the effects of bilirubin and food were found not to be clinically significant and were removed from the model. Covariate analysis indicated significant effects of dose on bioavailability and weight on berotralstat clearance and volume. Despite the covariate effect of weight, simulations in adolescents and adults who were underweight, low weight, and overweight demonstrated similar predicted exposures to those observed at therapeutic doses in a clinical trial. Therefore, no dose adjustment is required in these HAE patient subpopulations.
International sanctions and development: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean (1950–2019)
Authors: González Fernando A I
Published: February 2022

This article examines the impact of international sanctions on the economic development of sanctioned countries in the Latin American and Caribbean regions over seven decades (1950–2019). The estimates arise from a two‐way fixed effects model that combines data from the Global Sanctions Database and the World Development Indicators Database to examine outcomes in terms of economic growth, income inequality, and the incidence and gap of poverty. The findings confirm a significant worsening of development in sanctioned countries. This includes lower growth (−0.6 percentage points) and higher inequality (+1.5 Gini coefficient points). Reduced investment as well as reduced access to credit in the private sector are the mechanisms through which the above effects take place. The results are robust to multiple specifications and have important implications for international sanctions policies. If the sanctioning country seeks to minimise the consequences for the poorest in the sanctioned country, military sanctions appear to be the most appropriate, while if the objective is to maximise these consequences, sanctions on mobility are optimal.
Dynamic efficiency and economic complexity
Authors: Moreno‐Casas Vicente , Bagus Philipp
Published: February 2022

This article deals with the link between complexity economics and the Austrian concept of dynamic efficiency. The conventional notion of efficiency used in economic science, regarded as static in this article, is rejected for being incompatible with complexity economics in epistemic terms. The concept of dynamic efficiency is thus presented as an alternative definition of efficiency, given its epistemic and theoretical similarities with complexity economics; more concretely, with Santa Fe complexity. Consequently, a direct, causal relationship between economic complexity and dynamic efficiency is highlighted. This relationship is confirmed in light of recent applications of both dynamic efficiency theory and complexity economics to the study of economic development. Finally, it is pointed out that economic complexity and dynamic efficiency can be combined to improve our understanding of the development process.
ARTICULATE: A European glossary of terms used in oral health professional education
Authors: Davies Julia R. , Field James , Dixon Jonathan , Manzanares‐Cespedes Maria‐Cristina , Vital Sibylle , Paganelli Corrado , Akota Ilze , Quinn Barry , Roger‐Leroi Valerie , Murphy Denis , Gerber Gabor , Tubert‐Jeannin Stephanie
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The Erasmus+O‐Health‐EDU project aims to gain a comprehensive view of oral health professional (OHP) education in Europe, through the development of web‐based surveys and online toolkits. A glossary to facilitate a common language through which academic teams could cooperate and communicate more accurately was identified as a key need within the project. The aim of ARTICULATE was thus to create a shared language, with a European focus, for terms and concepts used in the field of OHP education.

Methods

The methodology was developed from those published for construction of other glossaries with a circular and iterative process: the creation of content and definitions by a group of experts in OHP education, the testing of “fitness for purpose” of the content, and stakeholder consultation. All creation steps were followed by refinements based on testing results and stakeholder comments. The final glossary was then launched as an online resource including a built‐in mechanism for user feedback.

Results

The scope and structure of the glossary were mapped out at a workshop with 12 dental education experts from 7 European countries. A total of 328 terms were identified, of which 171 were finally included in ARTICULATE. After piloting with a close group of other colleagues, the glossary was opened for external input. Thirty European Deans or Heads of Education assessed the definition of each term as “clear” or “not clear.” A total of 86 definitions were described as “clear” by all individuals. Terms deemed unclear by at least one individual were revisited and changes made to 37 of the definitions. In conjunction with the launch of the glossary, a range of stakeholder organisations were informed and asked to participate in an open global consultation by providing feedback online. Since its launch in June 2021, the ARTICULATE website (https://o‐health‐edu.org/articulate) has had an average of 500 visits/month. To promote community ownership, forms embedded on the ARTICULATE webpage allow users to give feedback and suggest new terms. A standing taskforce will meet regularly to consider amendments and make changes to ensure that the glossary remains a relevant and up‐to‐date resource over time.

Conclusion

ARTICULATE is a unique, evolving, online glossary of terms relating to OHP education, created as a resource for all interested OHP educators. The glossary is a key output of the O‐Health‐Edu project, which relies on a comprehensive vision of OHP education to address the future oral health needs of the European population.
Seizure activity triggers tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenic pathways
Authors: Canet Geoffrey , Zub Emma , Zussy Charleine , Hernandez Célia , Blaquiere Marine , Garcia Valentin , Vitalis Mathieu , deBock Frederic , Moreno‐Montano Maria , Audinat Etienne , Desrumaux Catherine , Planel Emmanuel , Givalois Laurent , Marchi Nicola
Published: February 2022

Objective

Although epilepsies and neurodegenerative disorders show pathophysiological similarities, their direct functional associations are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that experimental seizures can induce tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenic modifications over time, with intersections with neuroinflammation.

Methods

We used a model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) where unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) in C57BL/6 mice elicits epileptogenesis and spontaneous focal seizures. We used a model of generalized status epilepticus (SE) obtained by intraperitoneal KA injection in C57BL/6 mice. We performed analyses and cross‐comparisons according to a schedule of 72 h, 1 week, and 8 weeks after KA injection.

Results

In experimental MTLE, we show AT100, PHF1, and CP13 tau hyperphosphorylation during epileptogenesis (72 h–1 week) and long‐term (8 weeks) during spontaneous seizures in the ipsilateral hippocampi, the epileptogenic zone. These pathological modifications extended to the contralateral hippocampus, a seizure propagating zone with no histological lesion or sclerosis. Two kinases, Cdk5 and GSK3β, implicated in the pathological phosphorylation of tau, were activated. In this MTLE model, the induction of the amyloidogenic pathway (APP, C99, BACE1) was prominent and long‐lasting in the epileptogenic zone. These Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐relevant markers, established during seizure progression and recurrence, reciprocated an enduring glial (GFAP, Iba1) inflammation and the inadequate activation of the endogenous, anti‐inflammatory, glucocorticoid receptor system. By contrast, a generalized SE episode provoked a predominantly transient induction of tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenic markers in the hippocampus, along with resolving inflammation. Finally, we identified overlapping profiles of long‐term hippocampal tau hyperphosphorylation by comparing MTLE to J20 mice, the latter a model relevant to AD.

Significance

MTLE and a generalized SE prompt persistent and varying tau hyperphosphorylation or amyloidogenic modifications in the hippocampus. In MTLE, an AD‐relevant molecular trajectory intertwines with neuroinflammation, spatiotemporally involving epileptogenic and nonlesional seizure propagating zones.
Bank bailouts, bail‐ins, or no regulatory intervention? A dynamic model and empirical tests of optimal regulation and implications for future crises
Authors: Berger Allen N. , Himmelberg Charles P. , Roman Raluca A. , Tsyplakov Sergey
Published: February 2022

We model dynamic bank capital structure under three optimally‐designed regulatory regimes for dealing with potential default—bailout, in which the government provides capital; bail‐in, which the private‐sector provides needed funds; and no regulatory intervention, allowing the institutions to fail. Only under the optimally‐designed bail‐in regime do banks recapitalize during times of distress. Their pre‐commitment to recapitalize reduces debt costs and increases debt capacity. No regulatory intervention is suboptimal for all agents. Optimal bailouts and bail‐ins both generate no asset substitution‐moral hazard behavior under optimal policies in which regulators intervene at early stages of distress. Empirical tests of changes in capital behavior from the pre‐Global Financial Crisis bailout period to the post‐crisis bail‐in period corroborate the model's predictions.
Environmental filtering drives assembly of diatom communities over evolutionary time‐scales
Authors: Jovanovska Elena , Hauffe Torsten , Stelbrink Björn , Cvetkoska Aleksandra , Levkov Zlatko , Wagner Bernd , Lacey Jack H. , Ognjanova‐Rumenova Nadja , Hamilton Paul B. , Brandenburg Karen M. , Albrecht Christian , Wilke Thomas
Published: February 2022

Aim

Ecological communities are structured through the interplay of deterministic assembly processes such as competition and environmental filtering. Whereas the drivers of spatial community structure are frequently studied in extant communities, little is known about the relative importance of assembly processes in response to environmental factors over evolutionary time‐scales. Here, we use an integrative framework to unravel community assembly processes since the inception of a long‐lived lake ecosystem.

Location

Lake Ohrid.

Time period

From lake formation 1.36 million years ago to the present.

Major taxa studied

Planktonic diatoms.

Methods

We constructed a dated phylogeny of extant and extinct diatoms and collected trait data for 380 fossil communities to quantify phylogenetic community structure and functional richness and to determine the relative importance of deterministic assembly processes over time. We then used regression analysis to correlate the phylogenetic community structure with palaeoenvironmental and intrinsic biological predictors and to identify primary drivers of assembly processes.

Results

Our results suggest a dense packing of niche space with higher species richness and co‐occurrence of closely related species. There are only two short episodes in the very recent past dominated by distantly related taxa. We found distinct changes in phylogenetic community structure upon speciation or extinction events and an increase in mean community relatedness over time.

Main conclusions

Our finding of closely related co‐occurring species implies environmental filtering as the primary assembly mechanism, with a minor but increasingly important role of competition towards the present, driven by evolutionary dynamics. Such an increase in the relative contribution of competition to the assembly of communities in relation to the aging of an insular ecosystem, together with a denser packing of morphospace in the early phase of system ontogeny is compatible with ecological predictions according to the theory of island biogeography.
Analysis of Seventeen Certified Water Reference Materials for Trace and Technology‐Critical Elements
Authors: Ebeling Anna , Zimmermann Tristan , Klein Ole , Irrgeher Johanna , Pröfrock Daniel
Published: February 2022

Concentrations of elements in the aquatic environment are a key parameter for various scientific fields such as biogeochemistry, biology and environmental science. Within this context, the scientific community asks for new analytical protocols to be able to quantify more and more elements of the periodic table. Therefore, the requirements for aqueous reference materials have increased drastically. Even though a wide variety of CRMs of different water matrices are available, certified values of many elements (e.g., rare earth elements (REE), technology‐critical elements, such as Ga and In, and generally those elements which are not part of current monitoring regulations) do not yet exist. Therefore, the scientific community relies on published elemental concentrations of many CRMs provided by other researchers. Some elements of interest, such as the REE, are well studied and plenty of literature values exist. However, less studied elements, such as Ga and In, are rarely studied. In this study, an ‘externally’ calibrated quantification method based on an optimised online preconcentration method coupled with ICP‐MS/MS was used for the quantification of thirty‐four elements. The method was applied to seventeen water CRMs covering freshwater, brackish water and seawater. The measured data are combined with a comprehensive literature review on non‐certified values in selected water CRMs, and new consensus values are suggested for various non‐certified elements.
Novel clinical algorithm for hypothalamic obesity in youth with brain tumours and factors associated with excess weight gain
Authors: Rydin Amy A. , Severn Cameron , Pyle Laura , Dorris Kathleen , Chambers Christina , Stiller Debra , Hankinson Todd C. , Inge Thomas , Haemer Matthew A. , Mirsky David M. , Moore Jaime , Kelsey Megan M.
Published: February 2022

Background

A standardized approach for identifying and treating hypothalamic obesity (HO) in children with hypothalamic tumours is lacking.

Objectives

To describe children with hypothalamic tumours at risk for obesity, assess outcomes of a novel HO clinical algorithm, and identify factors associated with weight gain.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of youth with hypothalamic and suprasellar tumours, seen at a paediatric tertiary care centre from 2010 to 2020.

Results

The study cohort (n = 130, 50% female, median age at diagnosis 5 [range 0–17]y) had a median duration of follow up of 5 (0.03–17)y. At last recorded body mass index (BMI) measurement, 34% had obesity, including 17% with severe obesity. Median onset of overweight and obesity after diagnosis was 6.2 (0.3–134) and 8.9 (0.7–65) months, respectively. After algorithm implementation (n = 13), the proportion that had an early dietitian visit (within 6 months) increased from 36% to 54%, (p = 0.498) and weight management referrals increased from 51% to 83% (p = 0.286). Higher BMI z‐score at diagnosis was associated with overweight and obesity development (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Patients with hypothalamic tumours commonly develop obesity. Use of a clinical algorithm may expedite recognition of HO. Further research is needed to identify predictors of weight gain and to develop effective treatment.
Evaluating the fermentation quality and bacterial community of high-moisture whole-plant quinoa silage ensiled with different additives
Authors: Fang Di , Dong Zhihao , Wang Deling , Li Bin , Shi Pibiao , Yan Jun , Zhuang Dongying , Shao Tao , Wang Weiyi , Gu Minfeng
Published: February 2022

Aim

To explore the potential of whole-plant quinoa (WPQ) as a high-protein source for livestock feed, this study evaluated the effects of additives on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of high-moisture WPQ silage.

Methods and Results

High-moisture WPQ was ensiled with one of the following additives: untreated control (C), fibrolytic enzyme (E), molasses (M), LAB inoculant (L), a combination of fibrolytic enzyme and LAB inoculant (EL) and a combination of molasses and LAB inoculant (ML). The fermentation quality and bacterial community after 60 days of ensiling were analysed. Naturally fermented WPQ exhibited acetic acid-type fermentation dominated by enterobacteria, with low lactic acid content (37.0 g/kg DM), and high pH value (5.65), acetic acid (70.8 g/kg DM) and NH3-N production (229 g/kg TN). Adding molasses alone or combined with LAB inoculant shifted the fermentation pattern towards increased intensity of lactic acid fermentation, lowering the pH value (<4.56), contents of acetic acid (<46.7 g/kg DM) and NH3-N (<140 g/kg TN) and total abundance of enterobacteria (<16.0%), and increasing the lactic acid content (>60.5 g/kg DM), lactic/acetic acid ratio (>1.40) and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus (>83.0%).

Conclusions

The results suggested that the lack of fermentable sugar could be the main factor of restricting extensive lactic acid fermentation in WPQ silage. Supplementing fermentable sugar or co-ensiling with materials with high WSC content and low moisture content are expected to be beneficial strategies for producing high-quality WPQ silage.

Significance and Impact of Study

High biomass production and high protein content make WPQ to be an ideal forage source for livestock feed. Results of this study revealed the restricting factor for extensive lactic acid fermentation in WPQ silage, which could be helpful in producing high-quality WPQ silage.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography of basosquamous carcinoma: a case series with histopathological correlation
Authors: Cappilli S. , Cinotti E. , Lenoir C. , Tognetti L. , Perez‐Anker J. , Rubegni P. , Puig S. , Malvehy J. , Perrot J.L. , del Marmol V. , Peris K. , Suppa M.
Published: February 2022

Background

Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare and potentially aggressive cutaneous neoplasm combining histopathological features of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a new, non‐invasive imaging technique featuring excellent resolution and penetration. To date, studies about the use of LC‐OCT in the BCC and SCC fields are available, but similar investigations are lacking in the BSC field.

Objective

The goal of the present study was to identify/describe LC‐OCT criteria of BSC.

Methods

Consecutively enrolled BSCs were imaged with dermoscopy and LC‐OCT prior to surgical excision. Dermoscopic and LC‐OCT images were evaluated, and histopathological slides were reviewed.

Results

Six BSCs from six patients [four (66.7%) males and two (33.3%) females; mean age 76.5 (62–96) years] were included. Identified LC‐OCT criteria for BSC included BCC‐associated (dermal lobules with millefeuille pattern, dilated vessels, bright cells within the epidermis, bright cells within lobules, stromal stretching, stromal brightness) and SCC‐associated features (acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, disarranged epidermal architecture, broad strands, elastosis and glomerular vessels). Interruption of the dermal–epidermal junction and ulceration represented overlapping criteria.

Conclusion

Line‐field confocal‐OCT is a new promising technique that may support the non‐invasive recognition of BSC through the simultaneous detection of BCC‐associated and SCC‐associated features. We hypothesize that the use of LC‐OCT might be helpful not only in the diagnostic setting but also in the follow‐up surveillance for an early identification of recurrences. Further larger studies are needed to prove this hypothesis.
Reference‐price shifts and customer antagonism: Evidence from reviews for online auctions
Authors: Gesche Tobias
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates how bidders in an auction become antagonized over their successful bid. Using data from a large‐scale sales campaign on eBay shows that auction buyers use the platform's feedback system to punish the seller when they discover that the same item is later offered for a lower fixed price. Specifically, it finds that (i) the probability of receiving unfavorable feedback is four times larger for auction sales than when the same item is sold by the same seller for the fixed price and (ii) that this probability is increasing in the auction price, even though reviewing bidders shape this price themselves. Exploiting a temporal variation in how salient the fixed‐price offer was and using text analysis tools on buyer comments shows that these effects on feedback are best explained by ex post reference‐price shifts. An additional survey experiment with exogenous variation in reference prices provides further evidence for this channel.
Strategies for discussing long‐term prognosis when deciding on cancer screening for adults over age 75
Authors: Jindal Shivani K. , Karamourtopoulos Maria , Jacobson Alicia R. , Pinheiro Adlin , Smith Alexander K. , Hamel Mary Beth , Schonberg Mara A.
Published: February 2022

Background

Consideration of older adults' 10‐year prognosis is necessary for high‐quality cancer screening decisions. However, few primary care providers (PCPs) discuss long‐term (10‐year) prognosis with older adults.

Methods

To learn PCPs' and older adults' perspectives on and to develop strategies for discussing long‐term prognosis in the context of cancer screening decisions, we conducted qualitative individual interviews with adults 76–89 and focus groups or individual interviews with PCPs. We recruited participants from 4 community and 2 academic Boston‐area practices and completed a thematic analysis of participant responses to open‐ended questions on discussing long‐term prognosis.

Results

Forty‐five PCPs (21 community‐based) participated in 7 focus groups or 7 individual interviews. Thirty patients participated; 19 (63%) were female, 13 (43%) were non‐Hispanic Black, and 13 (43%) were non‐Hispanic white. Patients and PCPs had varying views on the utility of discussing long‐term prognosis. “For some patients and for some families having this information is really helpful,” (PCP participant). Some participants felt that prognostic information could be helpful for future planning, whereas others thought the information could be anxiety‐provoking or of “no value” because death is unpredictable; still others were unsure about the value of these discussions. Patients often described thinking about their own prognosis. Yet, PCPs described feeling uncomfortable with these conversations. Patients recommended that discussion of long‐term prognosis be anchored to clinical decisions, that information be provided on how this information may be useful, and that patient interest in prognosis be assessed before prognostic information is offered. PCPs recommended that scripts be brief. These recommendations were used to develop example scripts to guide these conversations.

Conclusions

We developed scripts and strategies for PCPs to introduce the topic of long‐term prognosis with older adults and to provide numerical prognostic information to those interested. Future studies will need to test the effect of these strategies in practice.
Mediator complex subunit MED25 physically interacts with DST to regulate spikelet number in rice
Authors: Lin Lihao , Du Minmin , Li Shuyu , Sun Chuanlong , Wu Fangming , Deng Lei , Chen Qian , Li Chuanyou
Published: February 2022

Grain number is a flexible trait and contributes significantly to grain yield. In rice, the zinc finger transcription factor DROUGHT AND SALT TOLERANCE (DST) controls grain number by directly regulating cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 2 (OsCKX2) expression. Although specific upstream regulators of the DST–OsCKX2 module have been identified, the mechanism employed by DST to regulate the expression of OsCKX2 remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that DST‐interacting protein 1 (DIP1), known as Mediator subunit OsMED25, acts as an interacting coactivator of DST. Phenotypic analyses revealed that OsMED25‐RNAi and the osmed25 mutant plants exhibited enlarged panicles, with enhanced branching and spikelet number, similar to the dst mutant. Genetic analysis indicated that OsMED25 acts in the same pathway as the DST–OsCKX2 module to regulate spikelet number per panicle. Further biochemical analysis showed that OsMED25 physically interacts with DST at the promoter region of OsCKX2, and then recruits RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to activate OsCKX2 transcription. Thus, OsMED25 was involved in the communication between DST and Pol II general transcriptional machinery to regulate spikelet number. In general, our findings reveal a novel function of OsMED25 in DST–OsCKX2 modulated transcriptional regulation, thus enhancing our understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying DST–OsCKX2‐mediated spikelet number.
Combined use of 177Lu‐DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and fluzoparib for treatment of well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: A preclinical study
Authors: Fu Jingjing , Qiu Fan , Stolniceanu Cati Raluca , Yu Fei , Zang Shiming , Xiang Yili , Huang Yue , Matovic Milovan , Stefanescu Cipriana , Tang Qiyun , Wang Feng
Published: February 2022

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (177Lu‐DOTATATE) causes DNA strand breaks and has been validated for well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumor treatment. Poly‐(ADP‐ribose)‐polymerase inhibitors have also been used for malignant tumors with deficient DNA repair. We aimed to determine whether the poly‐(ADP‐ribose)‐polymerase inhibitor fluzoparib could enhance the anti‐tumor effects of 177Lu‐DOTATATE in neuroendocrine tumor cells and xenografts. The neuroendocrine characteristics of NCI‐H727 bronchial carcinoid cells were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. The synergistic effects of fluzoparib and 177Lu‐DOTATATE were evaluated by cell proliferation and flow cytometry assays. Tumor response and the side effects of combination therapy were also assessed in xenograft mice treated with 77Lu‐DOTATATE and fluzoparib alone or in combination. Somatostatin receptors were specifically expressed in NCI‐H727 cells and tumor xenografts. 177Lu‐DOTATATE (22.20 MBq mL–1) and fluzoparib (50 µm) inhibited cell proliferation by 16.6% and 35.6%, respectively, compared to 73.2% in cells treated with their combination. Tumor cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by 177Lu‐DOTATATE (22.20 MBq mL–1, 4.4‐fold) and fluzoparib (50 µm, 2.1‐fold). 177Lu‐DOTATATE caused cell cycle arrest mainly at G1 phase, whereas fluzoparib caused arrest at G2/M phase, and combined treatment with both agents caused cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, similar to 177Lu‐DOTATATE alone. The volume of tumor xenografts was reduced by 18.6% in mice receiving combined treatment, compared to 4.9% and 11.4% in mice treated with 177Lu‐DOTATATE or fluzoparib alone. Fluzoparib can potentiate the anti‐tumor effect of 177Lu‐DOTATATE in NCI‐H727 cells in a synergistic manner by arresting the cell cycle at G1 phase. Further preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings.
Analysis of the perceptions, knowledge and attitudes of parents towards fever in children: A systematic review with a qualitative meta‐synthesis
Authors: Vicens‐Blanes Francisco , Miró‐Bonet Rosa , Molina‐Mula Jesús
Published: February 2022

Fever is the most common symptom in childhood. Despite its prevalence and decades of education and research, the treatment of fever and febrile illnesses continues to cause concern and anxiety in parents. The objective of this systematic review with meta‐synthesis is to analyse parents' perceptions, knowledge and attitudes towards the febrile child and how they influence the construction of the concept of fever. The PRISMA international standards and PRISMA checklist, as well as the Cochrane recommendations, were followed. Articles with qualitative methodology have been selected that analyse what fever means to parents, what their concerns about this sign are, where they get their information and what their expectations are of healthcare professionals during treating their feverish child. Finally, 17 articles that met the inclusion criteria were added in the qualitative meta‐synthesis. The concept of fever has been represented as a non‐harmful sign in and of itself, an aspect that emerges in fathers and mothers' discourse. Meanwhile, the perceived need to lower the temperature still appears to be the main aim of their approach, with attitudes implying an emergency to reach normothermia, focusing on temperature as the primary indicator of severity.
Demand for Rarity: Evidence from a Collectible Good*
Authors: Hughes Jonathan E.
Published: February 2022

Markets for art, coins and other collectibles, culinary delicacies and eco‐tourism suggest that consumers value the rarity of many goods. While empirical evidence supports higher prices for rare goods, isolating the value of rarity has proven difficult. I analyze prices for a collectible card game and show goods that are designated as rare trade at higher prices than functionally equivalent substitutes. Importantly, I use novel features of this market to account for scarcity, observed and unobserved product characteristics and separately identify rarity effects. These results have important implications for markets ranging from luxury goods to conservation of endangered species.
Evaluation of optimal reference genes for the normalization by qPCR in viable but nonculturable state in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Bai Kaihong , Chen Xing , Kan Yumin , Jiang Na , Li Jianqiang , Luo Laixin
Published: February 2022

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the pathogen of black rot of crucifers, could be induced into the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under stress, such as being induced by low concentration of Cu2+ and acid condition induction. The main objective of current study was to select the optimal reference genes for data normalization by qPCR in the VBNC state of Xcc. In this study, Xcc was induced into VBNC state by Cu2+ with an initial concentration of OD600 = 0.18 and OD600 = 0.45, and all viable bacterial cells lost the culturability and entered into the VBNC state at 24 h and 48 h respectively. The concentration of VBNC cells was 3.3 × 107 cells/ml and 1.5 × 107 cells/ml respectively. Eight candidate reference genes (gyrB, pbpA, gapA, rpoB, tufA, 16S rRNA, ugpC and recA) were selected to assess the expression stability in the VBNC state of Xcc by four algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, delta‐Ct and BestKeeper), while RefFinder was used to integrate the output from the four algorithms in fine. According to the algorithm analysis and validation of clpX expression analysis, the most suitable reference gene this study identified was the combination of ugpC and pbpA, and the least suitable gene was 16S rRNA in the Xcc VBNC state. In this study, we identified the most stable internal controls under Cu2+‐inducing conditions for calibration qRT‐PCR analyses of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and will be helpful to explore the stress resistance mechanism in this bacterium.
Does Male Gender Role Conflict Inhibit Help‐Seeking?1
Authors: Nagai Satoru
Published: February 2022

Several studies have reported negative associations between help‐seeking and male gender role conflict (GRC). We examined associations between three indices of help‐seeking—help‐seeking intentions, help‐seeking attitudes, and help‐seeking styles—and two aspects of GRC: restrictive emotionality and success/power/competition. Additionally, we compared the impact of restrictive emotionality and success/power/competition, both as derived from the male gender role and as not solely derived from the male gender role, on help‐seeking. We conducted an online survey with 500 men who answered questions on help‐seeking, GRC, and subjective needs. Multiple‐group structural equation modeling indicated that restrictive emotionality derived from the male gender role was negatively associated with attitudes toward help‐seeking, which supported previous studies. However, restrictive emotionality derived from the male gender role was not related to help‐seeking intentions. In contrast, restrictive emotionality which is not derived from the male gender role had a negative association with most help‐seeking variables. These results suggest that while GRC is related to attitudes toward help‐seeking, its impact on help‐seeking is nevertheless quite limited.
Predicting preschool children's emotional eating: The role of parents' emotional eating, feeding practices and child temperament
Authors: Stone Rebecca A. , Blissett Jacqueline , Haycraft Emma , Farrow Claire
Published: February 2022

Emotional eating (EE; defined as overeating irrespective of satiety and in response to emotional states) develops within childhood, persists into adulthood, and is linked with obesity. The origins of EE remain unclear, but parental behaviours (e.g., controlling feeding practices and modelling) and child characteristics (e.g., temperament) are often implicated. To date, the interaction between these influences has not been well investigated. This study explores whether the relationship between parent and child EE is shaped by parental feeding practices, and if the magnitude of this relationship varies as a function of child temperament. Mothers (N = 244) of 3–5‐year‐olds completed questionnaires about their EE, feeding practices, their children's EE and temperament. Results showed that parental use of food to regulate children's emotions fully mediated the relationship between parent and child EE, and using food as a reward and restricting food for health reasons partially mediated this relationship. Analyses demonstrated that the mediated relationship between parent and child EE via use of food as a reward and restriction of food for health reasons varied as a function of child negative affect, where high child negative affect moderated these mediations. These findings suggest child EE may result from interrelationships between greater parent EE, use of food as a reward, restriction of food for health reasons and negative affective temperaments, but that greater use of food for emotion regulation may predict greater child EE irrespective of child temperament.
Role of sugammadex in the treatment of anaphylaxis due to rocuronium in children: Extrapolation from adult and animal reports
Authors: Ghimire Anuranjan , Olbrecht Vanessa A. , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: February 2022

Allergic reactions are generalized hypersensitivity processes triggered by different antigenic stimuli, resulting in the end effect of mast cell degranulation and adverse physiologic effects. During the perioperative period, the most commonly identified agents include antibiotics, neuromuscular blocking agents (rocuronium and succinylcholine), chlorhexidine, and iodinated dyes for radiologic imaging. Sugammadex is a novel agent for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade achieved with rocuronium or vecuronium. Its unique mechanism of action, whereby it encapsulates and forms a one‐to‐one complex with rocuronium, has led to its anecdotal use as an adjunct in the treatment of anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions following rocuronium. The current manuscript discusses the potential use of sugammadex in the treatment of allergic reactions following the administration of rocuronium, reviews previous anecdotal reports of its use in these scenarios, and provides recommendations for future care.
Intralesional sodium thiosulfate treatment of calcinosis cutis in pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Brokamp Gabrielle , Mosser‐Goldfarb Joy
Published: February 2022

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism is an imprinted GNAS spectrum disorder that induces the phenotype of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. This phenotype often involves the formation of calcinosis cutis: firm, painful cutaneous eruptions, which are classically difficult to treat. Intralesional sodium thiosulfate has been reported successfully in various cases of calcinosis cutis; however, these reports describe patients with autoimmune or idiopathic calcinosis. This case details the clinical improvement and resolution of calcinosis cutis lesions utilizing intralesional sodium thiosulfate in an adolescent patient with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism.
Clinical practice guidelines for the management of children with mother‐to‐child transmitted hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Tajiri Hitoshi , Bessho Kazuhiko , Nakayama Yoshiko , Abukawa Daiki , Iitsuka Yoshinori , Ito Yoshinori , Inui Ayano , Etani Yuri , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Takano Tomoko , Tanaka Atsushi , Mizuochi Tatsuki , Miyoshi Yoko , Murakami Jun
Published: February 2022

Background

The first guidelines for care of pregnant women carrying the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and their infants were published in 2005 in Japan. Since then, evidence has gradually accumulated worldwide regarding the natural course and treatment of this condition and, especially in recent years, treatment for chronic hepatitis C in adult patients has made great progress. However, the clinical practice policy for children has not been standardized, and new clinical practice guidelines for children with mother‐to‐child (MTC) transmitted HCV infection have become necessary.

Methods

In the development of the current guideline, we requested cooperation from The Japanese Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, The Japan Society of Hepatology, and the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The committee members were recommended and approved by each society to participate in developing the guidelines. The guideline was also created in accordance with the Minds Guide for Practice Guideline Development. The statements were prepared by consensus‐building using the Delphi method, based on the comprehensively searched academic papers and guidelines. These articles were retrieved through searching the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and the Igaku Chuo Zasshi databases.

Results

Eight clinical questions (CQs) with clinical statements were developed regarding etiology (CQs 1–3), diagnosis (CQs 4 and 5), and treatment (two CQs 6 and 7). In each statement, the consensus rate, evidence level, and recommendation level were determined.

Conclusion

The guidelines will be helpful in the management of children with hepatitis C MTC transmission.