bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State-Level Structural Racism and Children’s Dental Care Access and Oral Health
Authors: Kranz A.M. , Evans L.A. , Gadwah-Meaden C. , Geissler Kimberley H.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Black children in the United States have lower rates of dental visits and higher rates of poor oral health. However, few studies have examined the role of structural racism as a contributor to racial gaps in children’s oral health. This study assessed associations between state-level structural racism and oral health outcomes of children and the related Black–White disparities.

Methods:

This repeated cross-sectional observational study examined children aged 1 to 17 y in the 2016 to 2021 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). Three outcomes were examined: utilization (dentist visit in past 12 mo), any oral health problem (difficulty in past 12 mo with bleeding gums, cavities, or toothaches), and oral health (teeth in excellent or very good condition). A state-level index was constructed to measure Black–White structural racism composed of 5 dimensions (judicial, educational, economic, political, and neighborhood segregation) and linked to the NSCH. Estimated population-weighted logit regression models were used to assess associations between the outcomes and race and structural racism, adjusting for demographics and socioeconomic status.

Results:

The dataset consisted of 98,423 Black (11%) or White (88%) children. Black children had relatively worse outcomes than White children did, with the largest difference observed for the children having teeth in excellent or very good condition (73% vs. 83%). State-level structural racism was not statistically significantly associated with a child receiving dental care, having any oral health problem, or having teeth in excellent or very good condition. US Black–White disparities in these outcomes were unchanged after adjustment for state-level structural racism.

Conclusions:

Expanded efforts are needed to address US Black–White disparities in child oral health outcomes. State-level structural racism was not associated with these outcomes. Future research should explore whether findings change when examining these associations at a different geographic level and whether indices of structural racism should explicitly include items specific to health care access and child-specific institutional domains.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Black children in this US study had relatively worse oral health and were less likely to have a dental visit than White children were. Structural racism did not explain these disparities, which suggests the need for further research to study mechanisms driving these disparities and how to address them. Policy makers should consider policies that expand where care is delivered, who delivers care, and increase dentists’ Medicaid participation, strategies identified previously for reducing disparities.
Comparing Ultrasonographic and Computed Tomographic Findings in Cases of a Large Fecaloma
Authors: Yabunaka Koichi , Uematsu Haruhiro , Matsuzaki Masayo , Endo Masayuki
Published: December 2024

A fecaloma is a solid fecal mass that prevalently forms over time due to fecal matter stasis secondary to chronic constipation, usually in the rectum and sigmoid colon. Computed tomography (CT) is the most helpful imaging technique for this diagnosis. Two case studies of rectosigmoid fecaloma compared by ultrasonographic and CT images are provided. The first case described a 60-year-old female patient with dementia who was admitted with anemia and abdominal distension, despite defecation care for chronic constipation. The second case reported a 50-year-old male patient who presented with nausea, abdominal distension, and daily water-soluble stools. Both patient cases used sonography, as a simple and noninvasive imaging technique compared with CT for fecaloma evaluation.
A phase II study of personalized ultrafractionated stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy for palliative head and neck cancer treatment (PULS-Pal): a single-arm clinical trial protocol
Authors: Courtney P. Travis , L. Santoso Milisuryani , Savjani Ricky R. , K. Reddy Vishruth , Chai-Ho Wanxing , Velez Velez Maria A. , J. Wong Deborah , Palodichuk Christy , Basehart T. Vincent , P. O’Connell Dylan , Cao Minsong , Telesca Donatello , Chin Robert K.
Published: December 2024

Background

Many patients with head and neck cancer are not candidates for standard of care definitive treatments though often require palliative treatments given the frequent symptoms associated with head and neck cancer. While existing palliative radiotherapy regimens can provide adequate symptom control, they have limitations particularly with respect to local control which is becoming more important as advances in systemic therapy are improving survival. Personalized ultrafractionated stereotactic adaptive radiotherapy (PULSAR) is a novel radiotherapy regimen which leverages advances in radiotherapy treatment technology and extended interfraction intervals to enable adaptive radiotherapy and possible synergy with the immune system. Additionally, HyperArc© (Varian Medical Systems, Inc.) radiotherapy planning software allows for safe dose-escalation to head and neck tumors.

Methods

This single-arm phase II study will prospectively evaluate PULSAR with HyperArc© software for palliative treatment of head and neck cancer. Patients with de novo or recurrent, localized or metastatic, head and neck cancer who are ineligible for or decline standard of care definitive treatments are eligible for enrollment. Forty-three patients will receive an 11 Gray fraction of radiation every two weeks for a total of five fractions and dose of 55 Gy. Adaptive radiotherapy planning is permitted. A safety and feasibility evaluation will be performed after enrollment of the first fifteen patients whereby the trial will be closed if five or more patients experience a CTCAEv5.0 grade 3 or 4 or any patient experiences a grade 5 toxicity probably attributable to PULSAR during or within three months after its completion. The primary endpoint is one-year local head and neck tumor control. Secondary endpoints include safety, disease progression-free and overall survival, symptomatic impact, frequency of re-simulation and/or adaptive planning, and radiation dosimetry of PULSAR. Additionally, enrolled patients are permitted to receive cancer-directed systemic therapy, including immunotherapy, during PULSAR which may allow for the analysis of the safety and efficacy of this combination.

Discussion

The PULS-Pal trial is the first prospective study of PULSAR with HyperArc© software for head and neck cancer. We hypothesize that this radiotherapy regimen will lead to improved local tumor control compared with historical controls in patients undergoing palliative radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Trial registration

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT06572423. Date of registration: August 28th, 2024.
Paramedics providing end-of-life care: an online survey of practice and experiences
Authors: Campling Natasha , Turnbull Joanne , Richardson Alison , Voss Sarah , Scott-Green Jennifer , Logan Shane , Latter Sue
Published: December 2024

Background

Global demand for care during the last year of life (end-of-life) is rising and with shortfalls in community healthcare services, paramedics are increasingly called on to deliver this. Despite this growing demand on the paramedic workforce, little large-scale or detailed empirical research has evaluated current practice and paramedic experiences of attending this patient group. Therefore, as part of a wider study evaluating paramedic delivery of end-of-life care, a large-scale survey in England describing paramedics’ current practice and experiences providing end-of-life care was undertaken.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey design. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative free text responses using Framework Analysis. The survey link was distributed to registered paramedics employed by all 11 NHS Trusts employing paramedics in England, United Kingdom.

Results

Nine hundred and twenty responses were received. They reported shortfalls in availability of healthcare professionals for advice and/or referral. Respondents often, always or sometimes: lacked patient medical history (91%, 839), access to existing advance care planning documentation (98%, 900) and specific medicines needed (80%, 737); encountered conflicting views (89%, 819); and reported lack of pre-registration training (81%, 743) or continuing professional development (77%, 708) influenced their ability to meet patient needs.

Conclusions

This first national survey of paramedic practice and experiences in delivering end-of-life care provides new evidence and insight into the challenges faced by paramedics and the potential impact of these challenges on their perceived levels of competence and confidence. Respondents reported multiple challenges, which potentially impact their ability to provide good quality end-of-life care and increase the risk of hospital conveyance. Paramedic practice at end-of-life must be supported via improved access to: patient records; anticipatory medicines and authority to administer; 24/7 palliative care advice (for shared decision-making); and paramedic specific palliative and end-of-life care training and education (including via integrative ways of working between palliative care and ambulance services). Action is required to integrate paramedicine within the wider healthcare professional team, with robust education and training to support care delivery.
Enhanced recovery after surgery in Pakistan: a qualitative descriptive analysis of current practices and future directions
Authors: Ahmad Hamza , Arnaert Antonia , Shedio Waqas , Tanoli Omaid , Deckelbaum Dan , Pasha Tayyab
Published: December 2024

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a cost-effective perioperative approach that has been shown to shorten patients’ hospital length of stay, improve resource utilization, and reduce postoperative costs for both patients and hospitals. While ERAS has the potential to offer even greater benefits in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) its successful long-term implementation remains incomplete in Pakistan. This study aimed to explore insights and identify opportunities for implementing ERAS within the local socio-environmental context. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, using convenience sampling to recruit 11 surgical residents from a public tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. The data collected was then thematically analyzed to capture the residents’ experiences regarding the implementation of ERAS. Acknowledging the benefits of ERAS, participants faced several challenges when implementing ERAS in their respective wards. The participants identified several key opportunities for successful implementation, including enhanced teamwork and collaboration amongst medical teams, improved patient education and compliance towards ERAS, strengthening of peripheral healthcare services, and targeted resource allocation. Even though several challenges identified by the participants were like those highlighted in high-income countries (HICs), unique barriers specific to Pakistan’s healthcare structure and culture also emerged. Further research exploring and highlighting these specific challenges is needed to overcome these core barriers and promote a shift towards a standardized healthcare system focused on improving patient outcomes.
The employee’s perception of psychological safety: construct dimensions, scale development and validation
Authors: Wang Canghong , Ning Yuwen
Published: December 2024

Although organisations can effectively resist risks and enhance organisational performance by creating a Perception of Psychological Safety (PPS) climate, there is a lack of PPS scales developed under a multidimensional integrated interaction perspective. Based on a review of relevant theories, this paper clearly defines the concept of PPS and proposes a three-dimensional model of PPS, including organisational- level PPS, team- level PPS, and dyadic- level PPS. In this paper, we develop and validate a scale for measuring PPS in the workplace using 12 startups in a relatively economically developed region in the southeastern coastal region of China as the empirical target. The results of the empirical analyses show that the scale we developed has a good level of reliability and consistency, as well as good content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.
Advancement in scanning magnetic microscopy utilizing high-sensitivity room-temperature TMR sensors for geological applications
Authors: Oda Hirokuni , Kumagai Seiji , Fujiwara Kosuke , Matsuzaki Hitoshi , Wagatsuma Hiroshi , Oogane Mikihiko , Kubota Hitoshi , Fukuyo Naoto , Tanimoto Akihiro
Published: December 2024

Scanning magnetic microscopes enable high-sensitivity mapping of magnetic fields in thin geological sections, facilitating submillimeter- to submicrometer-scale studies of paleomagnetism and rock magnetism. Magnetic fields of geological samples have been mapped using various sensors, including Hall-effect devices, magneto-impedance devices, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), quantum diamond devices, and tunnel magneto-resistance (TMR) devices. This study proposes magnetic microscopy using high-sensitivity room-temperature TMR sensors developed for biomagnetic applications. The goal was to create high-performance magnetic microscopes that do not require labor-intensive techniques, such as cryogenic technology. An XYZ stage developed for a scanning SQUID microscope (SSM) was used to demonstrate and evaluate magnetic microscopy with TMR sensors. The original TMR sensors developed for biomagnetic sensing composed of serially connected TMR elements with a total length of 2684 μm were shortened to 1073 μm (Sensor #1) and 357 μm length (Sensor #2). Background measurements at 50 Hz show magnetic field sensitivities better than 200 nT/√Hz and 600 nT/√Hz at 1 Hz for Sensor #1 and Sensor #2, respectively. By averaging 10 points of the original 50 Hz sampling, magnetic field sensitivities are better than 30 nT/√Hz and 90 nT/√Hz at 1 Hz for Sensor #1 and Sensor #2, respectively. To demonstrate TMR sensors as magnetic microscopes, a vertically magnetized Hawaii basalt thin section was measured and compared with a SQUID-acquired magnetic field map. Magnetic scanning images obtained with TMR sensors on a 0.1-mm grid were compared with those of SSM after adjusting the lift-off by upward continuation and integrated along the length of the sensors. The results demonstrated that magnetic images for 1073-μm-long (357 μm-long) TMR sensors aligned along the y-axis and x-axis are consistent with those after upward continuation to 0.3 mm (0.25 mm) and 0.4 mm (0.25 mm) and convolution by 1 × 10 (1 × 4) and 10 × 1 (4 × 1) matrix, respectively. Overall, the high-sensitivity TMR sensors exhibited promising performance. Further improvements can be made by optimizing the sensors, preamplifiers, and measurement systems for magnetic microscopy to achieve an optimum target resolution.

Graphical Abstract
Seismic activity around shallow plate boundary near westernmost Nankai Trough revealed by ocean bottom seismometer observation
Authors: Hu Ching-Yu , Shinohara Masanao , Yamashita Yusuke , Tonegawa Takashi , Yamada Tomoaki , Akuhara Takeshi , Mochizuki Kimihiro
Published: December 2024

The Nankai Trough region has a history of devastating earthquakes. The Hyuga-nada region is situated in the westernmost Nankai Trough and has not experienced an earthquake exceeding magnitude 8. It is expected that there is a difference in a coupling between the subducting Philippine Sea Plate and the overriding plate. The region is known for its active region of low-frequency tremors and very low-frequency earthquakes. Several long-term ocean bottom seismometer (LTOBS) networks were deployed to monitor seismic activities in the region to reveal the characteristics of seismicity in the study region. Seafloor seismic observations were conducted on the seafloor in the Hyuga-nada region with periods of 2015–2016, 2017–2018, and 2022. Initially, the hypocenters of regular earthquakes were determined by using a location program that integrated absolute travel times and a 1-D velocity structure. Station corrections for travel times were applied to compensate for structural heterogeneity just beneath individual LTOBS. Subsequently, events were relocated using a double-difference technique to enhance the accuracy of the location. Focal mechanisms were estimated using the polarity data of the first arrivals. Comparison with a plate model indicated that these earthquakes occurred within the subducting Philippine Sea Plate. From the spatial–temporal distribution, hypocenters of earthquakes were concentrated in a small region with a size of a few km and occurred within a few days. We could clearly distinguish swarm activities from regular activities. During the observation period, there were two swarm activities in the study area. Fault plane solutions of regular events except swarms, are dominant with a normal fault type mechanism. On the other hand, swarms had a small number of events with a normal fault type. The swarm activities started slightly later than the very low frequency earthquake (VLFE) activities. The regions of activity for the swarms and the VLFE seemed to generally overlap in consideration of the low spatial resolution of the VLFE locations.

Graphical Abstract
Inhibition of microRNA-660-5p decreases breast cancer progression through direct targeting of TMEM41B
Authors: Villarreal-García Valeria , Estupiñan-Jiménez José Roberto , Gonzalez-Villasana Vianey , Vivas-Mejía Pablo E. , Flores-Colón Marienid , Ancira-Moreno Irma Estefanía , Zapata-Morín Patricio Adrián , Altamirano-Torres Claudia , Vázquez-Guillen José Manuel , Rodríguez-Padilla Cristina , Bayraktar Recep , Rashed Mohamed H. , Ivan Cristina , Lopez-Berestein Gabriel , Reséndez-Pérez Diana
Published: December 2024

Background

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide. Most breast cancer-related deaths result from metastasis and drug resistance. Novel therapies are imperative for targeting metastatic and drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) promote breast cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Compared with healthy breast tissue, miR-660-5p is notably overexpressed in breast cancer tumor tissues. However, the downstream effectors of miR-660-5p in breast cancer cells have not been fully elucidated. Our aim was to investigate the role of miR-660-5p in breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and to identify its potential targets.

Results

Our findings revealed significant upregulation of miR-660-5p in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells compared with MCF-10 A cells. Furthermore, inhibiting miR-660-5p led to notable decreases in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells, as well as angiogenesis, in HUVEC cells. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified 15 potential targets of miR-660-5p. We validated TMEM41B as a direct target of miR-660-5p via Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assays.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the upregulation and involvement of miR-660-5p in breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Additionally, we identified TMEM41B as a direct target of miR-660-5p in breast cancer cells.
Seismic performance of round-end hollow RC tall bridge piers considering to higher-order vibration mode effect
Authors: Liang Xu , Shao Changjiang , Han Qiang
Published: December 2024

Round-end hollow reinforced concrete (RC) tall piers have been widespreadly utilized for railway bridges in river valleys and mountainous regions. The post-earthquake damage state of such bridge piers differs significantly from that of traditional short-to-medium piers. To investigate the seismic performance and failure mode of RC round-end hollow tall piers, a finite element model was developed using the OpenSees platform and calibrated against previous test results. Subsequently, incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and modal pushover analysis (MPA) were conducted to obtain bending moment and curvature distributions as well as damage ranges for piers subjected to different intensities of ground motion. The results indicate that: The RC round-end hollow tall piers subjected to strong ground motions can crack up to 75% and 80% of its height according to IDA and MPA, respectively. The MPA incorporating mode coupling up to the third order is capable of predicting crack distribution of the pier as demonstrated in this study. Furthermore, it is recommended that the damage range of the pier be considered as a primary control indicator in seismic design.
Optimizing Mainstreaming of Genetic Testing in Parallel With Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer Tumor Testing: How Do We Maximize Our Impact?
Authors: Liu Ying L. , Sia Tiffany Y. , Varice Nancy , Wu Michelle , Byrne Maureen , Khurram Aliya , Kemel Yelena , Sheehan Margaret , Galle Jesse , Sabbatini Paul , Brown Carol , Roche Kara Long , Chi Dennis , Solit David B. , Mueller Jennifer , Stadler Zsofia K. , Hamilton Jada G. , Aghajanian Carol , Abu-Rustum Nadeem R.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE

Although germline genetic testing (GT) is recommended for all patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and some patients with endometrial cancer (EC), uptake remains low with multiple barriers. Our center performs GT in parallel with somatic testing via a targeted sequencing assay (MSK-IMPACT) and initiates testing in oncology clinics (mainstreaming). We sought to optimize our GT processes for OC/EC.

METHODS

We performed a quality improvement study to evaluate our GT processes within gynecologic surgery/medical oncology clinics. All eligible patients with newly diagnosed OC/EC were identified for GT and tracked in a REDCap database. Clinical data and GT rates were collected by the study team, who reviewed data for qualitative themes.

RESULTS

From February 2023 to April 2023, we identified 116 patients with newly diagnosed OC (n = 57) and EC (n = 59). Patients were mostly White (62%); English was the preferred language for 90%. GT was performed in 52 (91%) patients with OC (seven external, 45 MSK-IMPACT) and in 44 (75%) patients with EC (three external, 41 MSK-IMPACT). GT results were available within 3 months for 100% and 95% of patients with OC and EC, respectively. Reasons for not undergoing GT included being missed by the clinical team where there was no record that GT was recommended, feeling overwhelmed, financial and privacy concerns, and language barriers. In qualitative review, we found that resources were concentrated in the initial visit with little follow-up to encourage GT at subsequent points of care.

CONCLUSION

A mainstreaming approach that couples somatic and germline GT resulted in high testing rates in OC/EC; however, barriers were identified. Processes that encourage GT at multiple care points and allow self-directed, multilingual digital consenting should be piloted.
Exploring Barriers and Bridging Gaps: Perspectives of Nurses, Midwives, and Lady Health Workers in the Implementation of Emergency Obstetric Care
Authors: Gul Fouzia , Mehsood Razia , Noor Shehla
Published: December 2024

Background & Objectives: Maternal mortality is a global concern primarily due to preventable obstetric complications. Challenges in implementing Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) in developing nations hinder effective reduction of these deaths. Our objective was to identify key challenges in EmOC practices among frontline healthcare providers, assess the severity and frequency of these barriers, and evaluate gaps in resources, training, and institutional support needed for effective resolution.
Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed EmOC knowledge, practical skills, and challenges among Nurses, Lady Health Visitors (LHVs), and Lady Health Workers (LHWs) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan from July 2017-June 2020. Participants were conveniently sampled from hospitals across eight districts, with data collected through a questionnaire on EmOC knowledge, practical interventions, and challenges faced.
Results: Although most participants (91% of nurses, 90.2% of LHVs, 92.3% of LHWs, and 83.3% of midwives) expressed satisfaction with course content, important gaps emerged in the practical application of specific EmOC interventions. Nurses displayed 79% knowledge of the Partogram with only 60% utilization, while LHVs showed 80.5% knowledge but just 50.2% utilization. Assisted delivery knowledge and practice were particularly low among nurses (32% & 7%) & LHVs (17.1% & 2.4%) respectively. Significant gaps were found in retained placenta removal and manual vacuum aspiration, with only 12% of nurses and 3% of LHVs practicing the latter, with no utilization among LHWs or midwives. Key barriers included insufficient training and restrictive institutional policies.
Conclusion: Despite high course content satisfaction, disparities in EmOC knowledge and practice persist among frontline healthcare-providers, with barriers like insufficient training and institutional limitations impacting maternal outcomes.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.10269
How to cite this: Gul F, Mehsood R, Noor S. Exploring Barriers and Bridging Gaps: Perspectives of Nurses, Midwives, and Lady Health Workers in the Implementation of Emergency Obstetric Care. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):3-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.10269
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Association of assisted reproductive technology with adverse maternal outcome: A cohort study
Authors: Liu Zhaodong , Yu Lu , Kang Xiaomeng , Zhang Yulong , Yan Jianying
Published: December 2024

Background & Objective: To assess the association of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) conception with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during the peripartum and postpartum periods.
Methods: Clinical records of 11,497 patients enrolled in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between March 2013 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the ART group and the natural conception group based on the mode of conception. The incidence of PPH and blood loss at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after delivery were compared.
Results: Clinical records of 2527 patients with ART-derived and 78,970 patients with spontaneous pregnancies, who delivered at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital between March 2013 and December 2018, were included. The incidence of PPH (2.53%vs 1.58%, P < 0.001) was greater in the ART group than in the natural conception group. ART was associated with significantly higher rates of PPH both in women who delivered vaginally and by cesarean section (P < 0.001). Similarly, blood loss during the delivery stage was greater in the ART group than in the naturally conceived group, regardless of the mode of delivery (P<0.001). Among women who delivered vaginally, blood loss was greater in the ART group at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after the delivery. However, blood loss at 90 and 120 minutes after the delivery was comparable in all groups, regardless of the mode of delivery.
Conclusion: The use of ART was associated with poorer maternal outcomes, including increased incidence of PPH and higher blood loss at 30 and 60 minutes after the delivery.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.10845
How to cite this: Liu Z, Yu L, Kang X, Zhang Y, Yan J. Association of assisted reproductive technology with adverse maternal outcome: A cohort study. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(1):15-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.1.10845
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
EFFECT OF COMBINED APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF DOUBLE-GRAIN WHEAT (SPELT Triticum dicoccum Schark) IN CONDITIONS OF KAMA DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Daminova Anisa , Garaev Razil , Shaykhutdinov Farit , Serzhanov Igor
Published: December 2024

The research was conducted in 2019-2021 in the Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The aim of the research was to develop a method to increase the productivity of double-grain wheat based on the application of mineral fertilizers and bird droppings during pre-sowing tillage. The work was carried out at the experimental site of Kazan State Agrarian University, where the soil is gray forest medium loamy, medium loamy in terms of granulometric composition, with the following agrochemical parameters: humus (according to Tyurin) - 3.2-3.4%, the amount of absorbed bases is 27.0 mg-eq./1000 g of soil, easily hydrolyzable nitrogen - 110 mg/1000 g of soil (according to Cornfield), mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov), respectively, 233-240 and 176-189 mg/1000 g of soil, pH sol. - 5.7. The object of the study was two-grain wheat (Triticum dicoccum) sample k-10456 (collection sample of the VIR im. Vavilova). The experiment was repeated four times, the plots were arranged sequentially.
ADVANTAGES OF USING UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS IN PROCESSING FIELDS WITH PESTICIDES
Authors: Loginov Nikolay , Trofimov Nikolay
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the advantages of using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for treating agricultural land with chemical plant protection products. The modern market of special equipment offers various solutions, among which ultra-low-volume spraying stands out. It contributes to a more effective action of preparations due to the swirls created by the propellers of the copters and the small size of the drops, ensuring complete coverage of the plant surface. Classic sprayers cannot treat the lower parts of the leaves, while drones, working at a low altitude, create swirls using disc sprayers, which allows for complete treatment of plants. Modern drone models are capable of working in hard-to-reach areas and are more economical compared to traditional methods. They can be equipped with different types of sprayers, adapting to different conditions and requirements. For example, disc sprayers are used to treat large areas, and conical or slot sprayers are used for spot treatment. The use of UAS also has environmental benefits: reduced consumption of chemicals due to more precise application and minimization of environmental impact due to the refusal to use heavy equipment and reduced labor requirements. In addition, the use of UAS allows agricultural producers to quickly respond to changes and adjust the processing process, which increases the overall efficiency of agricultural production. Calculations based on the cost of work and operating efficiency show that when choosing machines for processing fields, agricultural producers should consider the feasibility of purchasing complex and expensive equipment for small areas, since the equipment will be idle for a longer time. Self-propelled sprayers are effective when processing large areas, but become inconvenient for small farms. Thus, the use of unmanned aerial systems is a promising direction that can significantly improve the efficiency and environmental friendliness of agricultural processes.
Aspirations of local communities in the context of the dualism of the development of Polish municipalities
Authors: Mantey Dorota , Dziemianowicz Wojciech , Cybulska Magdalena
Published: December 2024

The subject of this article is the development aspirations of local communities. The aim of the paper is to assess the diversity of development aspirations of local communities in municipalities representing different development dualisms and to identify the impact of opposing features of each dualism on the aspirations expressed by representatives of these communities. Achieving this objective was accomplished by conducting in-depth interviews in 36 municipalities representing different development dualisms and their features. The results confirmed that the dimensions of dualisms – conditioned by different development factors – are characterised by aspirations unique to local communities representing specific feature of dualism. At the same time, some development aspirations can be considered universal.
The 15-minute city: assumptions, opportunities and limitations
Authors: Szymańska Daniela , Szafrańska Ewa , Korolko Michał
Published: December 2024

The concept of the 15-minute city (FMC), though created relatively recently, has quickly become one of the most popular concepts in urban planning. The paper discusses the FMC concept, presenting its evolution from an idea in the public debate to a research concept. The FMC is also presented in relation to other urban planning concepts. The article discusses the assumptions, opportunities and limitations of the FMC. Despite the growing popularity of the concept, it should be remembered that cities are spatial and functional structures that are shaped over a long period of time and show surprising durability (it often being difficult to change or rebuild existing structures); the implementation of this concept is often associated with numerous varied challenges, which are highlighted in this article. Although the assumptions of the concept are very good, it still remains more in the sphere of a concept than of widespread concrete implementation in planning practice
A Comprehensive Review of Sarcoidosis: From Clinical Manifestations to Management Strategies
Authors: Śpiołek Olga , Siwiec Jan , Słowikowska Aleksandra , Teofilak Mateusz , Szatkowska Julia , Smyl Natalia , Sztyler-Krąkowska Marcelina , Wąsowicz Agnieszka , Kędziora Franciszek , Fabian Dariusz
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purpose: Sarcoidosis is a complex, multi – system disease characterized by the formation of non – caseating granulomas that can affect nearly every organ in the body, though lungs and lymph nodes are the most commonly involved. The disease's clinical presentation is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe, organ-threatening manifestations, with significant implications for diagnosis and treatment.  The aim of this study is to present current state of knowledge on clinical features, etiology, diagnosis and treatment methods of sarcoidosis. 
Materials and methods: The review is based on the analysis of literature available on Pubmed, Google Scholar and UpToDate databases. To search for relevant scientific content the following keywords were used: sarcoidosis, symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, neurosarcoidosis, cutaneous sarcoidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis, Löfgren syndrome.
Conclusions: Despite numerous studies, the cause of sarcoidosis still remains unknown, which leaves a field for researchers for further investigation. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis is challenging, it typically involves histological confirmation through biopsy, supported by imaging studies, laboratory tests and need to exclude other causes. Treatment is limited, focused on alleviating the symptoms and preventing organ failure, therefore further research into more effective or targeted therapies is advisable.
Episodic and chronic migraine - treatment and risk factors - A literature review
Authors: Skrzypek Jakub , Jagoda Niewiadomska  , Borys Bondos  , Aleksandra Stępień  , Alicja Paluch  , Aleksandra Niekra  , Łukasz Fussek  , Robert Kochan  , Ewelina Wieczorek  , Kacper Lee
Published: December 2024

Abstract
 
Introduction and objective
Migraine is a chronic paroxysmal neurological disease characterised by attacks of moderate to severe headache and accompanying symptoms such as hypersensitivity to light and sound and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting, among others. In some people, an attack of pain is preceded by a migraine aura - visual disturbances, numbness, tingling and even muscle weakness. Treatment includes medications taken as a temporary measure (at the onset of an attack) and as a prophylactic measure. The aim of this study is to systemasise information about chronic migraine and to raise awareness about this disease among health care workers and patients
Brief description of the state of knowledge
Migraine is a recurrent, usually unilateral, throbbing headache. A migraine usually lasts between 4 and 72 hours. It is characterised by varying degrees of severity and frequency of occurrence. The pain is exacerbated by emotion or physical exertion. There is photophobia, hypersensitivity to sounds (phonophobia) and odours (osmophobia), and nausea and vomiting occur. Sometimes before a migraine episode occurs, a so-called aura - occurring in 10% of migraine cases may appear, in the form of paresthesias, visual field loss, appearance of gloom, paresis, aphasia. Chronic migraine is a headache that occurs for at least 15 days per month, at least 8 of which are days when the headache has the characteristics of migraine pain as described below or is relieved by prescription anti-migraine medication. There are many triggers for migraine, which include genetic, environmental and personal factors. Chronic migraine severely reduces the quality of life of affected patients, therefore it is important to raise awareness of currently available methods for its diagnosis and treatment
The Role of Dietary Supplementation in the Prevention of Macular Degeneration: An Analysis of the Efficacy of Vitamins and Antioxidants in Inhibiting the Progression of Macular Degeneration
Authors: Mrugała Sebastian , Mrugała Waldemar , Kawka Jakub , Baranowska Alicja , Baranowska Katarzyna , Czyżewski Filip , Filipek Kinga , Muciek Michał , Skierkowski Bartosz , Zalewska Natalia
Published: December 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the leading causes of vision loss among the elderly, poses a significant global health issue. This is a retinal condition that causes the loss of central vision. The demographic shift towards an aging population contributes to the increasing number of individuals affected by this condition, presenting a challenge to the medical and scientific community in developing effective prevention and treatment methods. In recent years, considerable attention has been given to the role of a proper diet and the supplementation of vitamins and antioxidants in inhibiting the progression of AMD.
Cardiac Syndrome X: Advances in Treatment for Chest Pain without Artery Stenosis
Authors: Tulej Dawid , Furtak Daria , Dziedzic Alicja , Niewiadomska Jagoda , Marko Natalia , Grela Wiktor , Głogowska Paulina , Marciniuk Dominika , Górska Aleksandra , Gniaź Natalia
Published: December 2024

The number of patients diagnosed with Cardiac Syndrome X continues to increase. This condition is marked by anginal pain despite the absence of abnormal findings on coronary angiography or coronary spasm. It is considered a form of ischemic heart disease, with its incidence being most common among women in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal stages. The aim of this article is to review therapeutic options for Cardiac Syndrome X. The most effective treatments commonly used include calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers, including newer generation options that promote vasodilation in the endothelium. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are also frequently used to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Other medications used were nitrates, statins, ranolazine, imipramine, nicorandil, aminophylline, cilostazol, sildenafil, fasudil. Emerging theories suggest altered pain perception, potentially involving heightened neural sensitivity, may significantly contribute to the symptoms in CSX. Additionally, studies indicate that vitamin D supplementation, often beneficial for cardiovascular health, may alleviate symptoms in CSX. Non-pharmacological methods also have proven efficacy, such as Enhanced External Counterpulsation, spinal cord stimulation and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. Lifestyle changes and (CBT) also play a crucial role in the comprehensive management of Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX), targeting factors that pharmacological treatments alone may not address.
Long-Term Health Effects of Artificially Colored Foods in Adults and Children: A Review of Scientific Literature on Attention Deficits, Carcinogenicity, and Allergy Risks
Authors: Ambroziewicz Zuzanna Martyna , Siemiątkowski Robert , Łata Michał , Dowgiert Szymon , Sikorska Małgorzata , Kamiński Jakub , Więcław Katarzyna , Grabowska Hanna , Chruściel Joanna , Mąsior Gabriela
Published: December 2024

The widespread use of artificial food colorants in processed foods has raised concerns regarding their long-term health effects, particularly in sensitive populations like children. This review evaluates current scientific literature on the potential health risks associated with synthetic food colorants, including attention deficits, carcinogenicity, and allergenic responses. Synthetic dyes, such as tartrazine (E102) and Brilliant Blue FCF (E133), are highly valued for their stability and vibrancy but have been linked to neurobehavioral and allergenic effects. Evidence suggests that azo dyes may induce hyperactivity, learning impairments, and allergic reactions, particularly in children and those with a genetic predisposition to sensitivities. In contrast, natural pigments like curcumin (E100), chlorophyllin (E140), and anthocyanins (E163) exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, supporting cardiovascular, cognitive, and cancer-preventive health benefits, though their stability in food applications presents a challenge. The review also highlights regulatory responses, such as the European Union’s mandatory labeling requirements, which aim to reduce synthetic dye exposure in high-risk groups. Given the adverse effects associated with synthetic colorants, there is an increasing shift toward natural alternatives. However, enhancing the bioavailability and stability of these natural compounds is essential for their broader adoption. This comprehensive analysis underscores the need for balanced, evidence-based regulation and consumer education to promote safer food colorant choices and supports ongoing research into functional food colorants that offer both aesthetic appeal and health benefits.
The impact of Schistosoma blood fluke infection on the development of bladder cancer
Authors: Boszczyk Piotr , Wrzesińska Kinga
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purpose
Schistosomiasis is a significant health problem, particularly in countries in Africa. The disease is caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. There are five main species. Most infections are asymptomatic. Schistosomiasis can contribute to the development a lot of diseases.
The aim of this article is to examine the impact of schistosomiasis on the human body, with particular focus on bladder cancer.
Brief description of the state of knowledge
Schistosoma are parasitic flatworms whose life cycle involves humans as the definitive host and freshwater snails as intermediate hosts. The cercarial larvae penetrate the human skin. Adult parasites lay eggs in the mucous membranes, causing inflammation and granulomatous reactions. Chronic schistosomiasis leads to tissue fibrosis, portal hypertension, squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. Acute infection presents with Katayama fever. Diagnosis is based on detecting eggs in urine or stool, as well as serological tests. Treatment includes praziquantel, often supplemented with corticosteroids. Prevention involves avoiding contact with contaminated water. Untreated schistosomiasis can lead to serious complications, including bladder cancer.
Material and methods:Literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords: schistosomiasis; bladder cancer; Schistosoma haematobium; bilharzia; blood fluke.
Summary
Schistosomiasis induces bladder cancer as a result of the chronic inflammatory condition in the urinary tract. The dominant histological type is  SCC. Bladder cancer resulting from schistosomiasis is characterized by a younger age of onset and more advanced clinical stages. In the case of bilharzia detection, eradication of the parasite is recommended to prevent the development of cancer.
The Role of probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute diarrhea and functional constipation in children
Authors: Korotko Urszula , Biskupski Mikołaj , Cygnarowicz Aleksandra , Hosseinnejad Negar , Mandziuk Aneta , Sacher Karolina , Turemka Mariola , Witowska Kinga , Wojtas Aneta Klaudia , Zabojska Krystyna , Chodkowski Jakub
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purposeProbiotics are widely used by parents of children, as well as by heathcare professionals. Because of their long history of presence on the market they have become an evident addition to the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this review is to emphasize what are the current recommendations for the use of probiotics in children in antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), acute diarrhea and functional constipation, determine what the safety of their use is, and what to look for when choosing a product.
Material and methodsFor this review, we used the literature available in PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “probiotics”, “probiotics in pediatrics”, “gut microbiota”, “acute gastroenteritis”, “AAD in children”, “functional constipation”.
Brief description of the state of knowledgeProbiotics are often used in pediatrics despite their uncertain efficiency. At the same time, there is a focus on the quality, purity and appropriate dosage of preparations available on the market. Extra precaution must be taken when administering a preparation or refraining from administering a probiotic to children with immune disorders. The benefit of their use mostly in AAD in children is difficult to determine.
ConclusionProbiotics may be considered during antibiotic therapy in children if a broad-spectrum antibiotic is being used, the duration of therapy is prolonged, or there are other risk factors for AAD in children. In acute gastroenteritis, probiotics can be considered; however, their effectiveness is limited. Probiotics should not be used in the treatment of functional constipation. It is preferable to use probiotics in the form of a medicine. The efficacy of probiotics is both strain-specific and disease-specific.
Impact of Nutritional Methods On Physical Performance Parameters
Authors: Szafrańska Katarzyna , Dominiczak Kinga , Niemirka Szymon , Janiak Aleksandra , Grądalski Łukasz , Kopaczyńska Adrianna , Dębicki Filip
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction:
Contemporary nutritional strategies in sports play a crucial role, and it can be argued that, in a certain sense, they are paramount. This research aims to focus on three dietary approaches commonly utilized in various sports disciplines. The high-carbohydrate diet is particularly influential in endurance sports, owing to its properties that enhance muscle performance and efficiency. The core principle of this diet is the provision of large amounts of carbohydrates, providing the basic source of energy, which allows maintaining the level of glycogen in the muscles and liver.
In contrast to high-carbohydrate diets, high-protein and ketogenic diets have gained increasing popularity. The high-protein diet is especially recommended for strength and endurance athletes due to its ability to support anabolic processes and facilitate the repair of micro-muscular damage. On the other hand, the ketogenic diet, characterized by elevated fat intake, induces metabolic adaptations such as ketosis, wherein the body shifts from carbohydrate to fat.
Aim of study:
The aim of this study is to summarize the available knowledge about how diets influence sports indicators such as strength, endurance and ability to regenerate. The metabolism, mechanisms and different methods of diets were described and summarized.
Material and methods:
The literature available in PubMed, and the Google Scholar database was reviewed using the following keywords: ,,Ketogenic diet”, ,,High carbohydrate diet”, ,,High protein diet”, ,,Diets in sport”