bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection, Validation, and Application of Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing Based Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Upland Cotton
Authors: Islam M. Sariful , Thyssen Gregory N. , Jenkins Johnie N. , Fang David D.
Published: March 2015

The presence of two closely related subgenomes in the allotetraploid Upland cotton, combined with a narrow genetic base of the cultivated varieties, has hindered the identification of polymorphic genetic markers and their use in improving this important crop. Genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) is a rapid way to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers; however, these SNPs may be specific to the sequenced cotton lines. Our objective was to obtain a large set of polymorphic SNPs with broad applicability to the cultivated cotton germplasm. We selected 11 diverse cultivars and their random‐mated recombinant inbred progeny for SNP marker development via GBS. Two different GBS methodologies were used by Data2Bio (D2B) and the Institute for Genome Diversity (IGD) to identify 4441 and 1176 polymorphic SNPs with minor allele frequency of ≥0.1, respectively. We further filtered the SNPs and aligned their sequences to the diploid Gossypium raimondii reference genome. We were able to use homeologous SNPs to assign 1071 SNP loci to the At subgenome and 1223 to the Dt subgenome. These filtered SNPs were located in genic regions about twice as frequently as expected by chance. We tested 111 of the SNPs in 154 diverse Upland cotton lines, which confirmed the utility of the SNP markers developed in such approach. Not only were the SNPs identified in the 11 cultivars present in the 154 cotton lines, no two cultivars had identical SNP genotypes. We conclude that GBS can be easily used to discover SNPs in Upland cotton, which can be converted to functional genotypic assays for use in breeding and genetic studies.
Analyse prospective de l'ajustement et des stratégies d'adaptation en situation dyadique. Ou comment l'ajustement conjugal prédit-il les stratégies d'adaptation dyadique deux ans plus tard ?
Authors: Bélanger Claude , Cardin Caroline , Sabourin Stéphane , Lussier Yvan , Wright John
Published: March 2015

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’examiner le lien entre les stratégies d’adaptation en situation dyadique et l’ajustement conjugal sur une période de deux ans. L’échantillon se compose initialement de 512 personnes, provenant de 256 couples, qui ont complété l’Échelle d’ajustement conjugal et le Questionnaire d’évaluation des stratégies d’adaptation. Cent huit couples (216 participants) ont accepté, deux ans plus tard, de compléter les mêmes questionnaires. Les résultats des analyses corrélationnelles simples montrent la présence de relations significatives entre diverses stratégies d’adaptation et l’ajustement conjugal. Toutefois, les résultats des analyses de régression multiple de type hiérarchique indiquent que ces stratégies d’adaptation n’expliquent pas une portion significative de la variance des scores d’ajustement conjugal résiduels. Nos résultats soulignent plutôt que ce sont les scores d’ajustement conjugal au T1 qui prédisent les fluctuations observées dans le recours à diverses stratégies d’adaptation dyadique au T2. Les implications théoriques de ces résultats sont discutées.
Étude clinique de l'acte violent idéologique : de l'adhésion idéologique transitionnelle à sa mise en acte violente. L'exemple de Marc
Authors: Da Silva Sandra , Vavassori David , Coulanges Mathilde , Harrati Sonia
Published: March 2015

Cet article prend appui sur une recherche en psychologie clinique sur le thème de l’acte violent idéologique. À partir d’un cas clinique, notre objectif était d’examiner l’adhésion idéologique et ses mises en acte violentes en fonction du parcours de vie et du fonctionnement psychique qui les sous-tend. Nous soutenons l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’acte violent idéologique s’inscrit dans une adhésion idéologique groupale transitionnelle et permet au sujet de se défendre d’une angoisse de séparation. Nos résultats permettent de confirmer cette hypothèse et de dégager des pistes de réflexion à approfondir pour la recherche, mais questionnent également, sur un plan clinique, les modalités relationnelles spécifiques, liées au discours idéologique.
Les interventions sur Internet, destinées aux étudiants souffrant de binge drinking . Revue de la littérature
Authors: Vrillon Marie , Romo Lucia , Kern Laurence , Dereux Alexandra , Gorwood Philip
Published: March 2015

Le binge drinking (consommation ponctuelle importante d’alcool) est un mode de consommation d’alcool fréquemment utilisé par les étudiants. Les conséquences d’une consommation excessive sont nombreuses et il est important d’aider les jeunes qui en souffrent. Les interventions sur Internet (IBI) semblent être une méthode efficace pour les aider à prendre conscience de la dangerosité du binge drinking . Les bases de données Medline et PsycINFO ont été consultées pour effectuer cette revue de la littérature. Le composant principal des IBI est le compte rendu personnalisé, accompagné d’informations, de comparaisons normatives, de conseils, etc. Les IBI analysées ont, dans l’ensemble, été efficaces sur la population étudiante. Malgré une efficacité avérée et de nombreux avantages, ce type d’intervention est peu répandu et doit encore se développer, afin de mieux s’adapter aux jeunes.
Le discours sur les drogues licites et illicites dans les émissions médicales et les magazines consacrés à la santé publique à la télévision (de 1956 à aujourd'hui)
Authors: Tsikounas Myriam
Published: March 2015

À partir des années 1950, les responsables de la santé publique qui souhaitent alerter les Français sur les dangers des substances psychoactives disposent d’un nouveau média de masse : la télévision. D’abord monopole d’État, l’ORTF éclate en sept structures au mitan des années 1970 puis se privatise graduellement, à partir de 1984, tout en démultipliant ses canaux de diffusion. Ces bouleversements du paysage audiovisuel français, qui se traduisent par une augmentation du nombre d’heures de programmes hebdomadaire, modifient inévitablement les pratiques d’écoute et la conception des émissions. Comment affectent-ils les magazines consacrés à l’alcool et aux drogues ?
Imprinted X chromosome inactivation: evolution of mechanisms in distantly related mammals
Authors: Waters Shafagh A. , Waters Paul D.
Published: March 2015

In females, X chromosome inactivation (XCI) ensures transcriptional silencing of one of the two Xs (either in a random or imprinted fashion) in somatic cells. Comparing this silencing between species has offered insight into different mechanisms of X inactivation, providing clues into the evolution of this epigenetic process in mammals. Long-noncoding RNAs have emerged as a common theme in XCI of therian mammals (eutherian and marsupial). Eutherian X inactivation is regulated by the noncoding RNA product of XIST, within a cis-acting master control region called the X inactivation center (XIC). Marsupials XCI is XIST independent. Instead, XCI is controlled by the long-noncoding RNA Rsx, which appears to be a functional analog of the eutherian XIST gene, insofar that its transcript coats the inactive X and represses activity of genes in cis. In this review we discuss XCI in eutherians, and contrast imprinted X inactivation in mouse and marsupials. We provide particular focus on the evolution of genomic elements that confer the unique epigenetic features that characterize the inactive X chromosome.
Transient Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow Using Teaching Learning Based Optimization
Authors: Mukherjee Aparajita , Paul Sourav , Roy Provas Kumar
Published: March 2015

Transient stability constrained optimal power flow (TSC-OPF) is a non-linear optimization problem which is not easy to deal directly because of its huge dimension. In order to solve the TSC-OPF problem efficiently, a relatively new optimization technique named teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) is proposed in this paper. TLBO algorithm simulates the teaching–learning phenomenon of a classroom to solve multi-dimensional, linear and nonlinear problems with appreciable efficiency. Like other nature-inspired algorithms, TLBO is also a population-based method and uses a population of solutions to proceed to the global solution. The authors have explained in detail, the basic philosophy of this method. In this paper, the authors deal with the comparison of other optimization problems with TLBO in solving TSC-OPF problem. Case studies on IEEE 30-bus system WSCC 3-generator, 9-bus system and New England 10-generator, 39-bus system indicate that the proposed TLBO approach is much more computationally efficient than the other popular methods and is promising to solve TSC-OPF problem.
Enabling Cellular Device to Device Data Exchange on WISDOM 5G by Actuating Cooperative Communication Based on SMNAT
Authors: Sanyal Rajarshi , Prasad Ramjee
Published: March 2015

The key attributes envisioned for LTE-Advanced pertaining to 5G Networks are ubiquitous presence, device convergence, massive machine connectivity, ultrahigh throughput and moderated carbon footprint of the network and the user equipment actuated by offloading cellular data traffic and by enabling device to device communication. The present method of mobility management and addressing as the authors have foreseen in LTE Advanced can solve some issues of cellular traffic backhaul towards the access and core network by actuating a local breakout and enabling communication directly between devices. But most of the approaches look forward towards an enhancement in the radio resource allocation process and prone to interference. Besides, most of these proposals delve in Device to Device (D2D) mode initiation from the device end, but no research has so far addressed the concept of a network initiated D2D process, which can optimise the channel utilisation and network operations further. In their attempt to knot these loose ends together, the auhtors furnish the concept of WISDOM (Wireless Innovative System for Dynamic Operating Mega communications) (Badoi Cornelia-I., Prasad N., Croitoru V., Prasad R., 2011) (Prasad R., June 2013) (Prasad R.,December 2013) and SMNAT (Sanyal, R., Cianca, E. and Prasad,R.,2012a) () () () (. Further, the authors explore how SMNAT (Smart Mobile Network Access Topology) can engage with WISDOM in cooperative communication to actuate D2D communication initiated by the device or the network. WISDOM is an architectural concept for 5G Networks based on cognitive radio approach. The cognition, sustained by adaptation techniques, is a way to provide communication, convergence, connectivity, co-operation, and content, anytime and anywhere. Though D2D communication using a dedicated spectrum in multi cell environment is possible through advanced network coding or by use of fractional frequency reuse, but physical proximity of the 2 devices is still a key requisite. In this paper the authors will discuss SMNAT which employs physical layer addressing to enable D2D communication agnostic to the spatial coordinates of the devices.
Patterns of adherence to management among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South-South Region of Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Oyewole , Otovwe Agofure
Published: March 2015

Aims: The study investigated the pattern of adherence to medication and dietary treatment among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study conducted among 350 consented patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from a secondary public healthcare facility. Materials and Methods: A semistructured questionnaire was interviewer-administered to obtain information on respondents′ sociodemographic characteristics, level of adherence to medication and dietary treatment, and suggestions on ways of improving adherence to treatment. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data with level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Mean age of respondents was 57.9 ± 9.8 years, 60.9% were females and 78.0% were married. Some respondents exhibited total adherence to medication (58.9%) and dietary (67.4%) treatment, respectively. Determinants of nonadherence to medication and dietary treatment include using alternative traditional medicine (herbs) for the treatment of the disease (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.568-1.916) and consuming foods more than recommended quantity (OR = 6.28, 95% CI = 3.919-10.083). One of the suggested ways by the respondents to improve adherence to treatment was self-discipline (46.9%). Lack of awareness on the seriousness of the disease (42.6%) was a major challenge confronting patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creation of awareness on the seriousness of the disease was suggested by 39.1% of respondents. Conclusions: Use of alternative medicine (herbs) and eating more than the recommended quantity of foods remain a challenge among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Comprehensive health promotion and education strategies including patient counseling on diabetes care with emphasis on adherence to medication and dietary treatment regimen should be organized regularly for diabetes patients.
Blaschke-type conditions on unbounded domains, generalized convexity, and applications in perturbation theory
Authors: Favorov Sergey , Golinskii Leonid B.
Published: March 2015

We introduce a new geometric characteristic of compact sets in the plane called

r

-convexity, which fits nicely into the concept of generalized convexity and extends standard convexity in an essential way. We obtain a Blaschke-type condition for the Riesz measures of certain subharmonic functions on unbounded domains with

r

-convex complements, having growth governed by the distance to the boundary. The result is applied to the study of the convergence of the discrete spectrum for the Schatten–von Neumann perturbations of bounded linear operators in Hilbert space.
Projections of surfaces in $\mathbb R^4$ to $\mathbb R^3$ and the geometry of their singular images
Authors: Oset Sinha Raúl , Tari Farid
Published: March 2015

We study the geometry of germs of singular surfaces in

\mathbb R^3

whose parametrisations have an

\mathcal A

-singularity of

\mathcal A_e

-codimension less than or equal to 3, via their contact with planes. These singular surfaces occur as projections of smooth surfaces in

\mathbb R^4

to

\mathbb R^3

. We recover some aspects of the extrinsic geometry of these surfaces in

\mathbb R^4

from those of the images of their projections.
On the product of two $\pi$-decomposable groups
Authors: Kazarin L.S. , Martínez-Pastor Ana , Pérez-Ramos M. Dolores
Published: March 2015

The aim of this paper is to prove the following result: let

\pi

be a set of odd primes. If the finite group

G=AB

is a product of two

\pi

-decomposable subgroups

A=\mathrm O_{\pi}(A) \times \mathrm O_{\pi'}(A)

and

B=\mathrm O_{\pi}(B) \times \mathrm O_{\pi'}(B)

, then

\mathrm O_\pi(A)\mathrm O_\pi(B)=\mathrm O_\pi(B)\mathrm O_\pi(A)

and this is a Hall

\pi

-subgroup of

G

.
Applied Ethnomusicology and Empowerment Strategies: Views from across the Atlantic
Authors: Pettan Svanibor
Published: March 2015

The article consists of three parts. The first part presents an outline of the historical developments of applied ethnomusicology in Europe and USA, from the public sector activities of comparative musicologists in the early 20th c. all the way to the announcement of the first conference of newly-established ICTM’s study group in Ljubljana in 2008. The second part is dedicated to the issues of definition and classification of approaches. The third part features five categories of subjects (minorities, diasporas, ethnic groups, immigrants, refugees) and based on selected examples from the territories of what was Yugoslavia presents ethnomusicological interventions that exceed the obvious academic goals of broadening and deepening of scholarly knowledge.
Uroš Krek: ustvarjalna izhodišča in zapuščina
Authors: Stefanija Leon
Published: March 2015

Prispevek prinaša pogled na ustvarjalna izhodišča in rešitve letos preminulega akademika, skladatelja, profesorja kompozicije na ljubljanski Akademiji za glasbo, etnomuzikologoga in radijskega glasbenega urednika Uroša Kreka. Obravnava opus, ki je z vzvišeno preprostostjo že zarana postal in z vsakim novim delom ostajal deležen iskrene hvaležnosti tako izvajalcev kot poslušalcev. Krekov opus se izmika togosti glasboslovnih značnic in ga vezem s preteklostjo navkljub prežema čar nekakšne neminljive igre. Zaradi obojega je še posebej umetniško privlačen v obdobju, ko ustvarjalci skušajo združiti za 20. stoletje tako značilno hrepenenje po novem, ki so ga mnogi ustvarjalci skušali najti v temeljitem odstopanju od minulega in uveljavljenega, z ustvarjalnim zanosom, ki ohranja in spodbuja pristnost dialoga s preteklostjo in uveljavljenimi umetniškimi merniki.
The Aggregate or Have the Notes Lost Orientation?
Authors: Zatkalik Miloš
Published: March 2015

The aggregate and the process of its completion introduce goal-directed motion into a non-tonal and (usually) non-serial work. This can delimit its syntactic or formal units, provide connection between them, or articulate its tension-release patterns. The completion process is either successive or simultaneous, sometimes divided between textural layers with distinct functions.
Morphometric studies of the craniofacial region of the African sideneck turtle (Pelusios castaneus)
Authors: Igado O. , Olukole S. , Oke B.
Published: March 2015

Introduction and Methods: Morphometric analysis of the craniofacial regions of the African sideneck turtle (Pelusios castaneus) were carried out with the aim of generating data which could be useful in wildlife veterinary clinical practice as well as in the comparative regional anatomy of turtles. Results: The average weight of turtles used for this study was 0.51 ± 0.39kg, while the mean weight of head was 20 ± 6.50g. The mean palpebral fissure lengths for the left and right eyes were 0.75 ± 0.10 and 0.77 ± 0.11cm respectively, while the orbital heights of the left and right eyes and the distance between the medial canthi were 0.74 ± 0.11, 0.75 ± 0.11 and 0.59 ± 0.10cm respectively. Out of the twenty parameters measured, only four showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the sexes, with the male values being higher in all the four cases. There were strong positive correlations between the left and right lengths of palpebral fissure (r= 0.959) and between the left and right orbital heights (r= 0.964). Conclusion: The data obtained in this study, being the first report on craniofacial indices of the African sideneck turtle, is expected to serve as baseline data on the craniofacial anatomy of the animal and hence in the comparative regional anatomy of both fresh water and sea turtles.
Spondias mombin promotes gastric mucosa and lipid profile status in gastric ulceration
Authors: Akinlolu A. , Ghazali K. , Ameen O. , Odewabi A.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: Spondias mombin has been reported to possess medicinal properties. Material and Methods: This study evaluated the anti-ulcer properties of Spondias mombin. Rats of Group I received physiological saline only while 40mg/kg/bodyweight of Indomethacin (an ulcerogen) was administered to rats of Groups II - VI. Four hours after administrations of the ulcerogen; rats of Groups III - VI were treated daily with oral administrations of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg/bodyweight of Spondias mombin bark extract and 40mg/kg/bodyweight of Omeprazole respectively for four days. Rats were euthanized on Days 1 (Group II) and 5 (Groups I and III - VI); stomach and liver samples were removed for evaluations of gastric acidity, histo-pathological and lipid profile status. Results: AAnalyses of gastric acidity and lipid profile status in the stomach and liver samples of rats of Group II showed statistically significant higher levels (P≤0.05) of gastric acidity, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides but lower high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (P≤0.05) when compared to rats of Groups I, and III - VI. Histo-pathological evaluations showed dose-dependent restorations of stomach and liver histology to pre-ulceration states in rats of Groups III - VI. Conclusions: This study concluded that Spondias mombin administrations promoted histo-pathological restorations of the stomach and liver; and lipid profile status of male wistar rats in Indomethacin - induced gastric ulceration.
The eye of the crepuscular rodent rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) (Wied, 1820)
Authors: Oliveira F. , Andrade-Da-Costa B. , Cavalcante J. , Silva S. , Soares J. , Lima R. , Nascimento E. , Cavalcante J. , Resende N. , Costa M.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: The rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) is a crepuscular Caviidae rodent belonging to suborder Hystricomorpha, inhabiting semiarid areas ofthe Brazilian Northeast region. Material and Methods: Previously anesthetized young adult rock cavies were submitted to transcardiac perfusion. The extraocular muscles and components of the eyeball were dissected and measures were taken. Some eyes were embedded in paraffin and sectioned to study the retinal structure. Results: The rock cavy has lateral eyes housed in a well-constituted bony orbit and endowed with well differentiated extrinsic musculature. Descriptive and morphometric anatomical study of the rock cavy eye showed axial diameter mean values of 10.67 ± 0.55 mm and an equatorial diameter of 11.64 ± 0.69 mm. It has a vertical slit pupil and a crystalline lens with a mean axial diameter of 5.4 ± 0.03 mm, which corresponds to about 45% of the eye axial diameter. The posterior nodal distance and the retinal magnification factor were estimated in 6.74 mm and 118 μm/degree, respectively. Conclusion: Anatomical features of the rock cavy eye suggest that it was designed to acquire greater light sensitivity, at the expense of a reduced resolution, compatible with a vision under mesopic conditions, beitting an animal with a pattern of predominantly crepuscular activity.
Comparative osteology and three dimensional computed tomography of Nile catfishes, in relation to feeding mechanisms
Authors: Eshra E. , El Asely A.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: For the first time three- dimensional Computed Tomography was used in a study concerning Nile catfishes heads. Methods: The present study is carried out on 40 heads of four examplar species of catfish families, Bagridae (B. bajad); Clariidae (C.garpineus); Malapteruridae (M. electricus) and Mochokidae (S. schall). Specimens are double-stained for cartilage and bone, as done by Taylor and Van Dyke (1985). Results: the skull of M. electricus was consisted of both bones and cartilage, as the frontal, parietal, supraoccipital, postparietal, sphenotic and pterootic were remained cartilages in mature fish. In order to ease the studying process the bones of catfish skulls were arranged in clear twelve series. This arrangement may facilitate the diagnosis of the malformations and other related diseases. Despite the similarity of the feeding apparatus in the Nile-catfish, they have different feeding mechanisms. B. bajad able to feed on large sized preys because of the free branchiostegeal membrane, the large dimensions of the oral and pharyngeal gap limits. M. electricus has another method as we suggest that the liable cartilages which form the skull roof are easily squeezed by voluminous muscles, raise the roof of the mouth and expand the oropharynx. In S. schall the narrow oropharyngeal limits and the subterminal mouth are suitable for sucking small mollusks, a process aided by the hard pad of the upper lip and the brush like mandibular teeth. Conclusions: This work provides an anatomical description of the fish heads using 3D CT which may facilitate the diagnosis of malformations and other related diseases. It also discussed the different feeding habits of the Nile Catfish.
Anatomical and clinical correlates of the precondylar tubercle
Authors: Jaffar A.
Published: March 2015

Introduction: The possible presence of the precondylar tubercle should be considered in order to avoid misinterpretation in radiographic images and confusion during surgical intervention. This study is aimed to describe and report the frequency of the precondylar tubercle and similar variations at the anterior margin of foramen magnum in order to alert the clinical community of their presence and of the possible associated variations. Materials and Methods: Fifty dry skulls were examined for variations at the anterior margin of foramen magnum. One skull with bilaterally prominent precondylar tubercles was studied using a spiral computerized tomography in order to demonstrate the radiographic appearance of the tubercle. Results: Precondylar tubercles were observed in 10% of the skulls. Other simulating observations included the presence of a midline spur, bilateral depression anteromedial to the occipital condyles, third occipital condyle, and a partly divided occipital condyle. In 89% of the cases these variations were associated with septation of the hypoglossal canal. Conclusion: The presence of a mere precondylar tubercle is not expected to produce neurological manifestations. However, its possible association with other variations should be considered. The size and location of the precondylar tubercle might evade plain radiographic films, but it can be readily revealed in axial computerized tomograms.
Variations of Gerdy's tubercle, proposal of a morphological classification: Anatomical study and its clinical importance
Authors: Kalra Sunita , Chauhan Puja , Khandelwal Ankit , Rani Pooja
Published: March 2015

Introduction: Gerdy's tubercle is described as a triangular facet in standard textbooks of human anatomy. The present study addresses the prevalence and shape of the anterolateral tubercle, which has been named as Gerdy's tubercle in adult human tibia. Examination of tibia revealed in excess of usual variations in the shape and texture of tubercle present at the anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 103 (52 right and 51 left) of either sex dry Indian tibia bone to study the shape and texture of Gerdy's tubercle. The shape and texture of tubercle were very inconsistent and varied from a small circular smooth facet to very irregular rough facet. Results: Gerdy's tubercle was triangular & smooth in 44.6%, circular & smooth in 17.4%, vertically oval & smooth in 2.9%, transversely oval & smooth in 3.8%, irregular & rough in18.4% and triangular & rough in 6.7%. In 5.8% of tibia, it was unobtrusive. Conclusion: The different shapes of Gerdy's tubercle demonstrated in the present study may contribute to produce significant effect on surgical interventions and some shapes may be more prone to traumatic injuries on it.
Variability of mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic with a focus on the Svalbard region: a study based on spaceborne active remote sensing
Authors: Mioche G. , Jourdan O. , Ceccaldi M. , Delanoë J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The Arctic region is known to be very sensitive to climate change. Clouds and in particular mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) remain one of the greatest sources of uncertainties in the modelling of the Arctic response to climate change due to an inaccurate representation of their variability and their quantification. In this study, we present a characterisation of the vertical, spatial and seasonal variability of Arctic clouds and MPCs over the entire Arctic region based on satellite active remote sensing observations. MPC properties in the region of the Svalbard archipelago (78° N, 15° E) are also investigated. The occurrence frequency of clouds and MPCs are determined from CALIPSO/CLOUDSAT measurements processed with the DARDAR retrieval algorithm, which allow for a reliable cloud thermodynamic phase classification (warm liquid, supercooled liquid, ice, mixing of ice and supercooled liquid). Significant differences are observed between MPC properties over the entire Arctic region and over the Svalbard region. Results show that MPCs are encountered all year long, with a minimum occurrence of 30% in winter and 50% during the rest of the year on average over the entire Arctic. Over the Svalbard region, MPC occurrence is more constant with time with larger values (55%) compared to the average observed in the Arctic. MPCs are especially located at low altitudes, below 3000 m, where their frequency of occurrence reaches 90%, particularly during winter, spring and autumn. Moreover, results highlight that MPCs are statistically more frequent above open sea than land or sea ice. The temporal and spatial distribution of MPCs over the Svalbard region seems to be linked to the supply of moister air and warmer water from the North Atlantic Ocean, which contribute to the initiation of the liquid water phase. Over the whole Arctic, and particularly in western regions, the increase of MPC occurrence from spring to autumn could be connected to the sea ice melting. During this period, the open water transports some of the warm water from the North Atlantic Ocean to the rest of the Arctic region. This facilitates the vertical transfer of moisture and thus the persistence of the liquid phase. Particular attention is also paid to the measurement uncertainties and how they could affect our conclusions.
Aerosol properties over the western Mediterranean basin: temporal and spatial variability
Authors: Lyamani H. , Valenzuela A. , Perez-Ramirez D. , Toledano C. , Granados-Muñoz M. J. , Olmo F. J. , Alados-Arboledas L.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This study focuses on the analysis of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol data obtained over Alborán Island (35.90° N, 3.03° W, 15 m a.s.l.) in the western Mediterranean from July 2011 to January 2012. Additional aerosol data from the three nearest AERONET stations (Málaga, Oujda and Palma de Mallorca) and the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) were also analyzed in order to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of aerosol over this scarcely explored region. High aerosol loads over Alborán were mainly associated with desert dust transport from North Africa and occasional advection of anthropogenic fine particles from central European urban-industrial areas. The fine particle load observed over Alborán was surprisingly similar to that obtained over the other three nearest AERONET stations, suggesting homogeneous spatial distribution of fine particle loads over the four studied sites in spite of the large differences in local sources. The results from MAN acquired over the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Atlantic Ocean from July to November 2011 revealed a pronounced predominance of fine particles during the cruise period.
Tropospheric ozone variability in the tropics from ENSO to MJO and shorter timescales
Authors: Ziemke J. R. , Douglass A. R. , Oman L. D. , Strahan S. E. , Duncan B. N.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Aura OMI and MLS measurements are combined to produce daily maps of tropospheric ozone beginning October 2004. We show that El Ni no Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related inter-annual change in tropospheric ozone in the tropics is small compared to combined intra-seasonal/Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and shorter timescale variability by a factor ~ 3–10 (largest in the Atlantic). Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) indicates further that deep convection is the primary driver of the observed tropospheric ozone variability from ENSO down to weekly timescales. We compare tropospheric ozone and OLR satellite observations with two simulations: (1) the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) chemistry-climate model (CCM) that uses observed sea surface temperatures and is otherwise free-running, and (2) the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemical transport model (CTM) that is driven by Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) analyses. It is shown that the CTM-simulated ozone accurately matches measurements for timescales from ENSO to intra-seasonal/MJO and even 1–2 week periods; however (though not unexpected) the CCM simulation reproduces ENSO variability but not shorter timescales. These analyses suggest that using a model to delineate temporal/spatial properties of tropospheric ozone and convection in the tropics will require that the model reproduce the non-ENSO variability that dominates.
Modelling impact of climate change on atmospheric transport and fate of persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic
Authors: M. Hansen K. , H. Christensen J. , Geels C. , D. Silver J. , Brandt J.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) was applied to investigate how projected climate changes will affect the atmospheric transport of 13 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to the Artic and their environmental fate within the Arctic. Two sets of simulations were performed, one with initial environmental concentrations from a 20 year spin-up simulation and one with initial environmental concentrations set to zero. Each set of simulations consisted of two ten-year time slices representing the present (1990–2000) and future (2090–2100) climate conditions. The same POP emissions were applied in all simulations to ensure that the difference in predicted concentrations for each set of simulations only arises from the difference in climate input. DEHM was driven using meteorological input from the global circulation model, ECHAM/MPI-OM, simulating the SRES A1B climate scenario. Under the applied climate and emission scenarios, the total mass of all compounds was predicted to be up to 20% higher across the Northern Hemisphere. The mass of HCHs within the Arctic was predicted to be up to 39% higher, whereas the change in mass of the PCBs was predicted to range from 14% lower to 17% higher depending on the congener and the applied initial environmental concentrations. The results of this study also indicate that contaminants with no or a short emission history will be more rapidly transported to and build up in the arctic environment in a future warmer climate. The process that dominates the environmental behaviour of POPs in the Arctic under a future warmer climate scenario is the shift in mass of POPs from the surface media to the atmosphere induced by the higher mean temperature. This is to some degree counteracted by higher degradation rates also following the higher mean temperature. The more dominant of these two processes depend on the physical-chemical properties of the compounds. Previous model studies have predicted that the effect of a changed climate on the transport of POPs to the Arctic is moderate relatively to the effect of proposed changes in emissions, which is confirmed in this study. However, the model studies do not agree on whether climate change acts to reduce or increase environmental concentrations of POPs in the Arctic, and further work is needed to resolve this matter.
Climate variability and ocean fertility during the Aptian Stage
Authors: Bottini C. , Erba E. , Tiraboschi D. , Jenkyns H. C. , Schouten S. , Sinninghe Damsté J. S.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Several studies have been conducted to reconstruct temperature variations across the Aptian Stage, particularly during early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE) 1a. There is a general consensus that a major warming characterized OAE 1a, although some studies have provided evidence for transient "cold snaps" or cooler intervals during the event. The climatic conditions for the middle–late Aptian are less constrained, and a complete record through the Aptian is not available. Here we present a reconstruction of surface-water palaeotemperature and fertility based on calcareous nannofossil records from the Cismon and Piobbico cores (Tethys) and DSDP Site 463 (Pacific Ocean). The data, integrated with oxygen-isotope and TEX86 records, provide a detailed picture of climatic and ocean fertility changes during the Aptian Stage, which are discussed in relation to the direct/indirect role of volcanism. Warm temperatures characterized the pre-OAE 1a interval, followed by a maximum warming (of ~ 1.5–2 °C) during the early phase of anoxia under intense volcanic activity of the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP). A short-lived cooling episode interrupted the major warming, following a rapid increase in weathering rates. Nannofossils indicate that mesotrophic conditions were reached when temperatures were at their highest and OJP volcanism most intense, thus suggesting that continental runoff, together with increased input of hydrothermal metals, increased nutrient supply to the oceans. The latter part of OAE 1a was characterized by cooling events, probably promoted by CO2 sequestration during burial of organic matter. In this phase, high productivity was probably maintained by N2-fixing cyanobacteria, while nannofossil taxa indicating higher fertility were rare. The end of anoxia coincided with the cessation of volcanism and a pronounced cooling. The mid-Aptian was characterized by highest surface-water fertility and progressively decreasing temperatures, probably resulting from intense continental weathering drawing down pCO2. The lowest temperatures, combined with low fertility, were reached in the middle–late Aptian across the interval characterized by blooming of Nannoconus truittii. The prolonged cooling was followed by significant warming across the Aptian–Albian boundary. The data presented suggest that OJP activity played a direct role in inducing global warming during the early Aptian, whereas other mechanisms (weathering, deposition of organic matter) acted as feedback processes, favouring temporary cooler interludes.
Validating a 1-D SVAT model in a range of USA and Australian ecosystems: evidence towards its use as a tool to study Earth's system interactions
Authors: Petropoulos G. P. , North M. R. , Ireland G. , Srivastava P. K. , Rendall D. V.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This paper describes the validation of the SimSphere SVAT model conducted at different ecosystem types in the USA and Australia. Specific focus was given to examining the models' ability in predicting Shortwave Incoming Solar Radiation (Rg), Net Radiation (Rnet), Latent Heat (LE), Sensible Heat (H), Air Temperature at 1.3 m (Tair 1.3 m) and Air Temperature at 50 m (Tair 50 m). Model predictions were compared against corresponding in situ measurements acquired for a total of 72 selected days of the year 2011 obtained from 8 sites belonging to the AmeriFlux (USA) and OzFlux (Australia) monitoring networks. Selected sites were representative of a variety of environmental, biome and climatic conditions, to allow for the inclusion of contrasting conditions in the model evaluation. The application of the model confirmed its high capability in representing the multifarious and complex interactions of the Earth system. Comparisons showed a good agreement between modelled and measured fluxes, especially for the days with smoothed daily flux trends. A good to excellent agreement between the model predictions and the in situ measurements was reported, particularly so for the LE, H, T1.3 m and T 50 m parameters (RMSD = 39.47, 55.06 W m−2, 3.23, 3.77 °C respectively). A systematic underestimation of Rg and Rnet (RMSD = 67.83, 58.69 W m−2, MBE = 67.83, 58.69 W m−2 respectively) was also found. Highest simulation accuracies were obtained for the open woodland savannah and mulga woodland sites for most of the compared parameters. Very high values of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency index were also reported for all parameters ranging from 0.720 to 0.998, suggesting a very good model representation of the observations. To our knowledge, this study presents the first comprehensive validation of SimSphere, particularly so in USA and Australian ecosystem types. Findings are important and timely, given the rapidly expanding use of this model worldwide both as an educational and research tool. This includes ongoing research by different Space Agencies examining its synergistic use with Earth Observation data towards the development of global operational products.
Simulating past changes in the balance between water demand and availability and assessing their main drivers at the river basin scale
Authors: Fabre J. , Ruelland D. , Dezetter A. , Grouillet B.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In this study we present an integrative modeling framework aimed at assessing the balance between water demand and availability and its spatial and temporal variability over long time periods. The model was developed and tested over the period 1971–2009 in the Hérault (2500 km2, France) and the Ebro (85 000 km2, Spain) catchments. Natural streamflow was simulated using a conceptual hydrological model. The regulation of river flow was accounted for through a widely applicable demand-driven reservoir management model applied to the largest dam in the Hérault Basin and to 11 major dams in the Ebro Basin. Urban water demand was estimated from population and monthly unit water demand data. Water demand for irrigation was computed from irrigated area, crop and soil data, and climatic forcing. Water shortage was assessed at a 10-day time step by comparing water demand and availability through indicators calculated at strategic resource and demand nodes. The outcome of this study is twofold. First, we were able to correctly simulate variations in influenced streamflow, reservoir levels and water shortage between 1971 and 2009 in both basins, taking into account climatic and anthropogenic pressures and changes in water management strategies over time. Second, we provided information not available through simple data analysis on the influence of withdrawals and consumptive use on streamflow and on the drivers of imbalance between demand and availability. Observed past variations in discharge were explained by separating anthropogenic and climatic pressures in our simulations: 3% (20%) of the decrease in the Hérault (Ebro) discharge were linked to anthropogenic changes. Although key areas of the Hérault Basin were shown to be highly sensitive to hydro-climatic variability, the balance between water demand and availability in the Ebro Basin appears to be more critical, owing to high agricultural pressure on water resources. The modeling framework developed and tested in this study will be used to assess water balance under climatic and socioeconomic prospective scenarios and to investigate the effectiveness of adaptation policies aimed at maintaining the balance between water demand and availability.
Low-cost surveys of the Domus of Stallius Eros in Pompeii
Authors: Bosco A. , Barbarino M. , Valentini R. , D’Andrea A.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. In the framework of the Project 3D-ICONS (www.3dicons-project.eu), different large archaeological models were acquired in Pompeii. In particular, the 3D Model of the House of Stallius Eros (Regio I, Insula VI, 13 - 14) was realized. This house conserves a rich vertical stratigraphy covering a large chronological period and offers interesting information about the development of this side of the ancient city. To implement a detailed survey of the house and to reconstruct the original structure of the domus, different types of survey were carried out, in order to provide a complete 3D model of the house. Three data-acquisition methodologies were used and their final results were compared in order to measure their accuracy, efficacy and velocity. At first, the domus was surveyed by an electronical total station, then two different interventions with un-calibrated photogrammetry were planned. The paper presents some preliminary results obtained by the three methodologies and the integration of the three models. The computational environments reproducing the ancient Domus of Stallius Eros allows to propose new archaeological interpretations and hypothesis about the reconstruction of the ancient House.
COMPLEX BUILDING DETECTION THROUGH INTEGRATING LIDAR AND AERIAL PHOTOS
Authors: Zhai R.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. This paper proposes a new approach on digital building detection through the integration of LiDAR data and aerial imagery. It is known that most building rooftops are represented by different regions from different seed pixels. Considering the principals of image segmentation, this paper employs a new region based technique to segment images, combining both the advantages of LiDAR and aerial images together. First, multiple seed points are selected by taking several constraints into consideration in an automated way. Then, the region growing procedures proceed by combining the elevation attribute from LiDAR data, visibility attribute from DEM (Digital Elevation Model), and radiometric attribute from warped images in the segmentation. Through this combination, the pixels with similar height, visibility, and spectral attributes are merged into one region, which are believed to represent the whole building area. The proposed methodology was implemented on real data and competitive results were achieved.
Low cost 3D-modelling of a complex archaeological site using aerial photography in the hinterland of Petra, Jordan
Authors: Emaus R. , Goossens R.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. Individual archaeological sites can sometimes show a complex morphology. One such site is the Roman quarries located one kilometre northwest of the Roman fortress at Udhruh, in the hinterland of Petra. In archaeology there are various platforms such as balloons, kites and unmanned aerial vehicles (uav's) from which low altitude aerial photographs can be taken that have been proven to work. All with their specific advantages above others in different circumstances. By designing a very distinct setup for the kite and optimizing the workflow accordingly, an effective and steady platform for the camera was created. The Quarries were photographed from the air and the images then provided enough material to accurately create a 3D model of the site.
Temperature–salinity distribution in the northeastern Atlantic from ship and Argo vertical casts
Authors: Bashmachnikov I. , Neves F. , Nascimento Â. , Medeiros J. , Ambar I. , Dias J. , Carton X.
Published: March 2015

Abstract. The present study defines new interpolation functions for hydrological data. These functions are applied to generate climatological maps of temperature–salinity distribution with a 25 m depth interval and a 30 km space interval (MEDTRANS data set). The data undergo rigorous initial data quality control, having passed several filtering procedures. The gridding is done on neutral density surfaces, which allows better representation of thermohaline fronts for the same gridding radius. The multi-pass Barnes optimum interpolation procedure with spatially variable size of the gridding window is used. The shape of the window accounts for the dominant along-isobath direction of water mass transport over steeply sloping topography. A local ratio of topographic to planetary β-effects is used to define the shape of the window as a function of the relative importance of the topographic influence. The N/f ratio is applied to account for the baroclinic compensation decay of the topographic influence on water mass transport with the distance from the bottom. The gridded fields are available at the website of the Centre of Oceanography of the University of Lisbon (http://co.fc.ul.pt/en/data). The MEDTRANS climatology gives more details of the distribution of water characteristics in the subtropical northeastern Atlantic than other alternative climatologies and is able to reproduce a number of dynamic features described in the literature: the acceleration in the meanders of the Azores current; the cyclonic gyre in the Gulf of Cadiz; and the splitting and separation of the Mediterranean Water (MW) outflow in two veins near the Gorringe and Galicia banks. Seasonal climatologies, computed for the warm (May–October) and cold (November–April) seasons, reveal stronger zonal extension of the upper ocean patterns during the warm season, as compared to the cold one.