bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terapi Audio dengan Murottal Alquran Terhadap Perilaku Anak Autis: Literature Review
Authors: Anam Akhyarul , Khasanah Uswatun , Isworo Atyanti
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Child auitism has a disorder in behavior, communication, social interaction and unstable emotions. Austism is a syndrome that results from complex muscle damage and neurodevelopmental disorders. Intervention to the behavior of children with autism can be done by providing murottal audio therapy Alquran.Objective. this study aimed to examine the effect of audio therapy with murottal Alquran on the behavior of austistic children.Methods. Article searches conducted electronically using several databases: Proquest, PubMed, Mendeley, and Google Scholar since 2013-2017. Keywords used are "audio therapy / audio therapy", "Alquran", behavioral disorders”, " autism / autism "; so get 3 articles to be reviewed.Results. Audio therapy with murottal Alquran can decrease autistic child's behavior disorder both in emotion, communication and social interaction compared with music therapy.Discussion. Provision of murottal Alquran therapy provides a positive effect for autistic children to reduce behavioral disorders, murottal therapy Alquran can be done for other disease interventions because this therapy does not cause side effects and safe.Conclusion. Audio therapy with murottal Alquran can decrease autistic child behavior.
Efektifitas Terapi Akupresur terhadap Frekuensi Enuresis pada Anak dengan Syndrom Down
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Handoyo Handoyo , Sumedi Taat
Published: April 2022

Down Syndrome (DS) or Mongoloid is a condition in which extra genetic material causes delays in the development of children, and sometimes refers to mental retardation. One of disturbance that commonly appear form children who has down syndrome is enuresis (bedwetting). One of therapy that is believed has an effect of enuresis frequency is acupressure.The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acupressure on the frequency of enuresis in children with Down syndrome. This research uses a pre- experimental design approaching Non - randomized pretest - Posttest Design. This study was 30 down Syndrome children suffering enuresis in disability elementary school (Sekolah Dasar Luar Biasa) Kuncup Mas Banyumas. Sampel was taken by total sampling method.  Statistical analysis test used is the paired t test and ANOVAThe results show there is significant differences of acupressure towards frekwensi enuresis of Down syndrome children suffering enuresis with p value at 0.000. In Indonesia, an estimated number of infants up to 30% of the 250 million population of Indonesia, and according to the Household Health Survey (Survey) is estimated to number of infants who already control defecation and urination in the preschool years to reach 75 million children. Nevertheless, there are still about 30% of children aged 4 years and 10% of children aged 6 years who are still afraid to go to the bathroom let alone at night. According to the Child Development Institute Toilet training at the American Psychiatric Association study reported that 10 -20% of children aged 5 years, 5% of children aged 10 years, nearly 2% of children aged 12-14 years, and 1% of children aged 18 years still wet (Medicastore, 2008).
Inovasi “REMINDER’’ Sebagai Strategi Intervensi Keperawatan Komunitas dalam Mengatasi Masalah Resiliensi pada Mahasiswa Semester Pertama Prodi Sarjana Keperawatan Angkatan 2018 UNDIP Semarang
Authors: Janah Esti Nur , Dewi Nur Setiawati
Published: April 2022

Background: The first-year students have higher stress levels when compared with other students for the first year students will be faced with the pressing events such as the conflict relationship with his parents, girlfriend, and friends and low academic achievement, financial issues and adjustment to the new social environment. The purpose of this study is to provide community nursing intervention strategies through innovation program REMINDER (resilience, Mindfulness, aerobic) in the first semester students of nursing undergraduate study program in addressing the risk of stress. Methods: Community nursing care in college setting with a quasi-experimental design approach became the method in this study. The population in this study is the first semester students of Diponegoro University nursing undergraduate study program with a total sample of 68 students. Results: The level of stress experienced by students increases. Coping kind used tend to be similar both before and after the intervention. Resilience of students increased to 100% high resilience. Life satisfaction is almost the same between before and after the intervention.Conclusion: REMINDER innovation program failed to give effect to overcome the psychological problems of students in the first year because do not match the frequency of the planned targets. Educational institutions are expected to carry out a review and evaluation of non-academic assignment of the student organization because it was discovered several incidents of pain on freshmen result in the assignment of student organizations.
Penurunan Toksisitas Kadmium Dengan Kelator Alami Pegagan (Centella Asiatica) Ditinjau dari Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) dan Superoksida Dismutase (SOD)
Authors: Hernayanti Hernayanti , Lestari Sri
Published: April 2022

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that is toxic to humans. Cadmium will bind to metalotionin in the liver to form Cd+MT bonds, which triggers the formation of free radicals and causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress characterized by elevating of MDA and decreasing of antioxidant enzyme such as SOD. Gotu kola(Centella asiatica) contains active compounds medecassoside that can function to chelate Cd, decreasing MDA  level caused by Cd-Mt bounded and generate SOD level.The aim of this study is to know the effect of Pegagan as natural chelator for Cd poisoning and as antioxidant. Twenty four rats were used in this research and divided into six groups with four replications. Group 1 (C1) as healthy. Group 2 (C2) was only given 14 mg/200 gBW of CdSO4 for 35 days. Group 3, 4, 5 and 6 were given CdSO4 14 mg / 200kgBB and gotu kola extract dose of 20 mg/200gBB, 40 mg/200gBB, 60 mg/200gBB, 80 mg / 200gBB, for 21 days. The parameters studied were blood MDA and SOD level. Measuring parameters were done on the 36th day after administration of  Centella extract. Data were analyzed by Anova and followed by Duncan test The results showed   that Centella all doses can reduce MDA level and increase SOD level. A dose of 40mg / 200gBB Centella extract has been effective in reducing MDA level  as well as increasing SOD level. It can be concluded that dose of  40mg/200gBB can use as a natural chelator of Cd and as antioxidant for Cd poisoning.
Potensi Sinar Matahari Pagi Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes
Authors: Isworo Atyanti
Published: April 2022

Background: Sunlight contains ultraviolet A (UV A) and ultraviolet B (UV B). UV B is able to produce vitamin D. Vitamin D is believed to increase insulin sensitivity and secretion. Therefore the purpose of this study is to discover the efficacy of morning sunlight on the blood sugar of diabetic patients.Method: This study is a quasi-experiment with control group design, which was conducted in the working area of North Purwokerto Puskesmas I and II. A total of 40 respondents were divided into 2 groups, each group of 20 respondents were involved in this study, using consecutive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria in this study are (1) diabetics patients using oral hypoglycemic drugs, (2) have fasting blood glucose level ? 126 mg/dL, (3) aged ? 40 years, (4) have no chronic complication of diabetes (kidney disease, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy), (5) willing to be a respondent, (6) had not eaten for at least 8 hours when the study was conducted, (7) participated in all sessions of the research; while the exclusion criteria: (1) have an obesity BMI, (2) under a severe stress. Procedure: The intervention group was asked to sunbathe in the morning sunlight for 20 minutes, between 06:00-09.00. During this sunbathing session respondents sat and wore one layer of clothing (without wearing a jacket) and with materials that easily absorb sweat. This activity was carried out 5 times in a row. On the fifth day, respondents measured their fasting blood glucose level again. The statistical analysis used was the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney Test.Result: The result showed that there were significant differences in the mean fasting blood glucose level before and after treatment in the intervention group (p = 0.000), but no differences were found in the control group (p = 0.881). Furthermore, using the Mann Whitney test, there were significant differences in fasting blood glucose after the treatment between the two groups (p=0,000)Conclusion: Morning sunlight has the potential to reduce fasting glucose level in diabetic patients. Further research is needed on morning sunlight for diabetics by considering several confounding variables.
Maternal and paternal Age and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nani Desiyani , Saryono Saryono , Hidayat Arif Imam , Putri Dyla Annisa , Rujito Lantip
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders has increased in the last three decades. The genetic etiological component of ASD is quite strong and complex. Although genetic factors clearly contribute to ASD risk, environmental, prenatal and post-natal factors are also involved. Father's age and mother's age at the conception of children contribute to the occurrence of autism spectrum disorders in children.Objective: To explore the association between maternal and paternal age and risk of autis, spectrum disorders (ASD) in Banyumas district, Central Java, IndonesiaMethods: An analytical study with case control approach was conducted. This study used case control method that include 43 children with ASD as case group and 189 normal children as control group. Consecutive cases were selected over 4 months, with every weekend allocated to visit the school of children with special needs. Controls were selected from normal children who came with their parents and were also visited by our team at local schools, until the required sample size was reached.Results: This study showed that paternal and maternal age at conception onset were not associate with the occurence of asutism spectrum disorders in children based on the statistical annalyzes in every range of paternal and maternal age results p value > 0,05.Conclusion: Paternal and maternal age were not related with the occurence of autism spectrum disorders
Gambaran Kesiapan Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir dalam Menghadapi Profesi Ners di Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Saat Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Fajrin Ramadhani Laela , Rahayu Eva , Imam Hidayat Arif
Published: April 2022

Background. Covid-19 pandemic has an affect on changing the learning methods of Nurse Internship Program at Jenderal Soedirman University. The Nurse Internship Program is carried out by limiting students who practice in hospitals or clinics and combining learning online and offline. With these changes, it may affect student’s readiness to continue nurse profession.

Methods. This study used quantitative research design. Sampling using total sampling technique with 90 people as sample from class 2016 and class 2017. Data analysis used univariate test.

Results. The majority of respondent have a good level of readiness (60,0%). Most of the respondent were 21 years old. The majority of responden were women as many as 80 people (88,9%). And most of the respondent came from class 2017 as many as 76 people (84,4%). From age range of respondents, 21 years old have a better readiness (64,3%) than other ages. Respondent with male gender have better readiness (70,0%) than women (58,8%). Class 2016 has better readiness than class 2017 (59,2%).

Conclusion. The majority of the respondents have a good readiness category (60,0%).
Description of Student Learning Motivation to Online Practices
Authors: Maulana Yuliar , Adi Mulyono Wastu , Sumeru Anas
Published: April 2022

Background: The pandemic makes online learning methods the right choice so that the learning process can continue. The learning methods in universities generally consist of the lecture/lecturer method and the skill lab method. The online practicum method is packaged in audio-visual form but has the disadvantage that the opportunity for red-demonstration cannot be carried out optimally due to limited tools and materials as well as supporting facilities. This is one of the factors that can affect student learning motivation to decrease.

Methods: This study used a retrospective descriptive research design. The population to be studied is the students of the Department of Nursing at Jenderal Soedirman University using the Stratified Random Sampling technique and obtained 183 respondents. This study uses a questionnaire regarding the ARCS-V Motivation model (Keller 2016) which has been modified. Data analysis to be carried out is univariate analysis.

Results: The results of the study that students' learning motivation towards online learning was included in the low category, quite a lot, namely there were 27 students (14.75%). 133 students (72.68%) with moderate learning motivation and 23 students (12.57%) with high learning motivation.

Conclusion: The results showed that students' learning motivation towards online learning was included in the medium-high category range. This shows that online practicum can increase learning motivation. Online practicum is a solution for practical learning methods in the COVID-19 pandemic situation.
Pengaruh Edukasi Audiovisual Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Covid-19 di Panti Asuhan Guyup Rukun Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Hardiyanti Purnama Liza , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: April 2022

At the end of 2019 the world was shocked by the latest infection cases caused by Covid-19 which also attacked Indonesia. In humans, the virus causes respiratory issue starting from the common cold to the serious respiratory problems. One of the efforts to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 virus is by promoting health education to increase knowledge by using the audiovisual method. The audiovisual is a media that is focused on the auditory (hearing) and visual (seeing) aspects. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an audiovisual education on the level of knowledge of teenagers about Covid-19 at the Guyup Rukun Orphanage in Bengkulu. This research was a quasi-experimental approach with a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there was an increasing level of knowledge of respondents after being given an audiovisual education about Covid-19 from 73.3% (Mean 8.53 SD 1.301) to 93.3% (Mean 10.80 SD 1.612). This finding reflects that promoting health education by using an audiovisual method was effective to increase the level of knowledge of teenagers.
Guided Imagery And Progressive Muscle Relaxation In Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy : A Literature Review
Authors: Taufik Agis , Nuriya
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cancer is one of the health problems with a rapid increase in incidence and proven to be the second leading cause of death in the world today. Cancer is also a common problem that occurs in the elderly who suffer from the predicted increase in 605 million in 2000 to 2 trillion in 2050 (Shahriari et al., 2017). Therapy that is often done by patients is by doing chemotherapy, but by doing chemotherapy there are many side effects on the patient's physical and psychological. Interventions that can be given in addition to pharmacological drugs are alternative or complementary therapies. Independent intervention that can be done by nurses in patients given Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) therapy and guided images (GI). Method: Search is done electronically using a database, including google scholer and sch from May 2019 to June 2019. The keywords used are "Therapy for Cancer Patients", "Guided Images & Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Cancer Patients" and "Progressive Muscles Relaxation" . Search uses the keywords above with the Google Scholer and Sci-Hub databases. Search results on Google Sholer and Sci-Hub obtained several articles. Results: Independent nursing interventions such as Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) can be used in all stages of cancer and are known to reduce complications from cancer treatment (Shahriari et al., 2017). GI is a complementary therapy that can be applied under different conditions and at various participations to improve quality of life and decrease the risk of cancer (Shahriari et al., 2017). Discussion: GI and PMR interventions show strong evidence of the benefits of managing cluster considerations in prostate and breast cancer patients. In the intervention group compared with controls. Conclusion: PMR and GI interventions that address cancer patients who support Chemotherapy.
Efektifitas Terapi Akupuntur Terhadap Keberhasilan Rehabiltasi Pasien Pasca Stroke: Literature Review
Authors: Noor Alivian Galih , Pratama Koernia Nanda
Published: April 2022

Introduction : Stroke is a sudden attack that occurs in the brain involving blood vessels in the brain (clogged or ruptured) and eventually manifests in various symptoms (starting from paralysis, difficulty speaking / slurred, swallowing disorders, and so on). This disease is divided into ischemic-infarction stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. In Indonesia, this disease has increased from 7% to 10.9%. This indicates that stroke is a disease that is quite dangerous and requires appropriate treatment or rehabilitation.Method: The search for journal articles was conducted electronically using several databases, namely DOAJ, PubMed and Google Scholar with the keyword "Acupunture for post stroke" for international journals, while for national journals using the Google Scholar search engine with the keywords "Acupuncture therapy for patients. post-stroke”, the journal sought is an intervention journal with the PICO frame work criteria (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome). From the results of the review, there were 5 journals that were relevant to the topic. The journal consists of 3 international journals and 2 national journals, the next step is to review the five journals.Result: Acupuncture therapy was effective to improve post-stroke rehabilitation. This therapy involves puncturing the Yang Ming Meridian to facilitate the flow of the Ci-Meridian. In these meridians there is an intricate system of connections called acupoints (acupuncture points) that bind or relate to various body functions and organs. In stroke patients, because some of the neural pathways have closed it is difficult to keep the circulation open. With acupuncture stimulation at some acupuncture points will open blood vessels and improve blood flow. based on the results obtained from these researchers that acupuncture is quite effective in the treatment of rehabilitation of stroke patients. In order to get maximum results, stroke patients are recommended not only to do acupuncture therapy. But also perform other therapeutic activities.Conclusion :Acupuncture therapy is effective on the success of post-stroke patient rehabilitation.
Does Cigarette Smoke Exposure on Pregnant Women Increase The Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Their Children?
Authors: Nani Desiyani
Published: April 2022

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased over the last three decades. Although genetic factors have a big contribution to ASD, environmental factors, prenatal, and postnatal factors were also found to be related. According to past literature, exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy raises the risk of behavioral problems in children, including ASD. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal exposure to cigarettes during pregnancy and the risk of having a child with ASD in Indonesia. This is a case-control study that was conducted in Banyumas, Indonesia. The study consisted of 47 children with ASD as the case group and 195 healthy children as the control group. The Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the relationship between exposure to cigarettes and ASD. The findings showed that exposure to cigarette smoke from active or passive smokers during pregnancy was associated with the occurrence of ASD in children (p < 0.05). Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy raises the risk of ASD in children. Therefore, nurses should provide adequate education to the community about the dangers of exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and the risks for ASD in their children.
Variations in the Adaptive Response of Burkholderia pseudomallei to Cold Stress
Authors: Zakharova I. B. , Chirskov P. R. , Ustinov D. V. , Viktorov A. D. , Shpak I. M. , Toporkov А. V. , Viktorov D. V.
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to analyze differential gene expression in Burkholderia pseudomallei strains with different survival rates under cold stress conditions.

Materials and methods. Three strains of B. pseudomallei (sequence types ST 46, ST 70, and ST 85) were used as model strains. The RNA was isolated using the membrane columns method and stabilized through dehydration. The cDNA was sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Gene functions were classified using the KEGG PATHWAY database.

Results and discussion. Based on the analysis of transcriptomes of B. pseudomallei strains after prolonged exposure to cold stress, the molecular mechanisms of B. pseudomallei adaptation to low temperatures have been described for the first time ever. It was shown that adaptation of B. pseudomallei to cold stress is associated with regulatory processes leading to a significant decrease in the total transcriptional activity. Two strategies of adaptation to low temperatures have been found: 1) modulation of regulatory processes leading to suppression of gene expression of the main metabolic pathways to the minimum level that ensures cell viability and activation of the minimum required set of stress response genes, and 2) less noticeable suppression of general metabolism in combination with activation of expression of an extended range of genes for cold and heat shock, general, osmotic, and universal stresses. Both mechanisms provide the causative agent of melioidosis with survival under conditions of prolonged cold stress at low positive temperatures. The first strategy showed greater efficiency at negative temperatures. The transition of B. pseudomallei to a viable but uncultivated state occurs in the long term (at least 2 years). While with the second strategy, this happens within 2 months. Assessment of the potential and molecular mechanisms of adaptation of this bacterium to cold stress is necessary to understand the degree of risk in case of a possible introduction of B. pseudomallei into regions with a temperate climate and to develop effective measures to ensure the biosafety of the environment.
Genetic Diversity of the Family Francisellaceae, Analysis of the situation on tularemia Incidence in the Russian Federation in 2021, and Forecast for 2022
Authors: Kudryavtseva T. Yu. , Popov V. P. , Mokrievich A. N. , Kulikalova E. S. , Kholin A. V. , Mazepa А. V. , Trankvilevsky D. V. , Khramov M. V. , Dyatlov I. A.
Published: April 2022

The review briefly outlines the current taxonomy of the most studied strains of the species belonging to the family Francisellaceae. Due to the significant genetic diversity within the family, the detection of Francisella tularensis, especially in environmental samples, becomes even more difficult and may lead to false positive results. A comparison of the incidence rates in European countries, in which the extensive epidemic manifestations of tularemia are recorded annually, namely Sweden, Finland, Norway and the Czech Republic, and in Russia over the past five years is provided. The paper presents the comparative dynamics of tularemia incidence in the territories of the Federal Districts of the Russian Federation in recent years. The dynamics of the incidence during epidemic outbreaks in the Republic of Karelia and the Omsk Region over the past few years is shown. 17 cases of human infection with the causative agent of tularemia were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2021. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 45 constituent entities of the Federation. Against that background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 11 regions of the country. Six cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from different types of ticks were isolated in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Altai and the Altai Territory. Based on the analysis of the data presented, in 2022, epidemic complications in the form of sporadic cases of the disease are most likely to occur among the unvaccinated population in the territories of the Central Federal District – the Voronezh, Ryazan, Smolensk Regions and in Moscow; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region, the Republic of Karelia and in St. Petersburg; Volga Federal District – in the territories of Samara, Kirov Regions and Republic of Tatarstan; Ural Federal District – in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain districts of the Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk and Tomsk Regions, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Territories.
REVISED STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE LOWER FORT UNION FORMATION (TULLOCK MEMBER, GARFIELD COUNTY, MONTANA, U.S.A.) PROVIDE A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR EXAMINING POST K–PG MAMMALIAN RECOVERY DYNAMICS
Authors: WEAVER LUCAS N. , TOBIN THOMAS S. , CLAYTOR JORDAN R. , WILSON DEIBEL PAIGE K. , CLEMENS WILLIAM A. , WILSON MANTILLA GREGORY P.
Published: April 2022

The Hell Creek region of northeastern Montana is an excellent study system to explore the rise to dominance of mammalian faunas after the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) mass extinction. The Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation exposed in that region was deposited during the first 1.2 Ma after the Chicxulub bolide impact. Some aspects of post-K–Pg mammalian succession remain obscure, however, due to a lack of finer stratigraphic resolution between vertebrate fossil localities. Here, we present a new stratigraphic model for the lower and middle Tullock and identify a stratigraphic succession of five mammal-bearing sedimentary units that span the first ∼ 900 ka of the Paleocene. Most notably, we find that middle Tullock fossil localities, which were previously thought to be deposited by a single, large fluvial channel complex, are derived from two temporally and lithologically distinct sedimentary units: the Biscuit Springs unit (BS) and the Garbani channel (GC). The top of the GC is stratigraphically above the top of the BS, but in some places cuts through the entirety of the BS, a relationship that previously complicated interpretations of their relative age. This cross-cutting relationship reveals that the BS is older than the GC. Thus, the BS local fauna represents a potential intermediate between the older local faunas from the post-K–Pg ‘disaster' interval and the younger, more taxonomically/ecologically diverse GC local fauna. This new stratigraphic framework sets the stage for future studies focused on the pattern and timing of biotic recovery in the aftermath of the K–Pg mass extinction.
Plan de negocio de innovación y posicionamiento de maca en polvo
Authors:   , Prado Condori Fiorella , Ramos Canchari Josselin Marisol
Published: April 2022

El presente proyecto consiste en una idea de negocio basado en la elaboración de Maca en polvo donde daremos a conocer sobre los beneficios que tiene para nuestra salud y las prevenciones ante enfermedades que nos puede dar. La maca es un alimento con muchos beneficios para nuestra salud ayudando a prevenir enfermedades como la diabetes, entre otras enfermedades cardiovasculares, optando por llevar un estilo de vida saludable. Puede ser consumida como un suplemento por los altos contenidos de proteínas y fibras que ofrecen. Según la agencia Peruana de Noticias ANDINA (2017) la maca tiene atributos reconstituyentes, fortificantes, energizantes y homeostáticas. Viéndose una gran crecida en el consumo de la maca y alimentos saludables en pleno siglo 21. El plan de negocio tiene como finalidad realizar la producción y distribución de La Maca en Polvo, incrementando el consumo y obteniendo la preferencia del consumidor con relación a Maca Andina. En el capítulo I, se puede identificar el análisis del entorno a través de herramientas como el análisis PESTEL y las fuerzas de PORTER, continuado del estudio de mercado, donde se puede identificar el perfil del cliente. En el capítulo II, analizaremos la visión, misión y objetivos con las que cuenta la empresa, definiendo las mejores para que la empresa pueda ingresar al mercado eficazmente y destacar su producto de entre otras. En el capítulo III, se elaborará un Plan de Marketing, determinaremos sus principales objetivos, analizaremos el Marketing Mix, donde se describe el producto, el precio del producto y cómo será su distribución y emplearemos estrategias ya sea de posicionamiento, del servicio al cliente…
Research
Authors: Liu Meng-juan
Published: April 2022

Maglev train is suspended through the surrounding track, which overcomes many disadvantages caused by the direct contact between the wheel and rail of traditional vehicles, such as excessive friction. It has the advantages of high speed, comfortable riding, less maintenance, strong climbing ability, and so on. However, when the train is running at high speed, it will be subjected to a strong unsteady aerodynamic load. The violent disturbance of aerodynamic load will inevitably lead to the corresponding feedback of electromagnetic force and the change of the suspension gap, which will affect the stability and safety of the train.
Higher Non-fasting Triglyceride also Predicts Higher Risks of Diabetes Mortality
Authors: Wang Yutang
Published: April 2022

Background: It has been shown that fasting triglyceride is positively associated with diabetes mortality. However, it is unknown whether this is true for non-fasting triglyceride. This brief report aimed to investigate the association of non-fasting triglyceride with diabetes mortality.Methods: This study included 7,313 US adults. Diabetes mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios of non-fasting triglyceride for diabetes mortality.Results: Non-fasting triglyceride was positively associated with baseline diabetes markers. A 1-natural-log-unit increase in non-fasting triglyceride was associated with a 132% higher multivariate-adjusted risk of diabetes diagnosis. During 122,940 person-years of follow-up (mean, 16.8 years), 420 diabetes-caused deaths were documented. A 1-natural-log-unit increase in non-fasting triglyceride was associated with a 41% higher multivariate-adjusted risk of diabetes mortality. Compared with people with non-fasting triglyceride in the lowest quintile, people with non-fasting triglyceride in the highest quintile had a 141% higher risk of diabetes mortality. The positive association between non-fasting triglyceride and diabetes mortality was also presented in participants with or without diabetes. Conclusions: This study found that non-fasting triglyceride was positively associated with diabetes mortality risks. Therefore, non-fasting triglyceride could be used to detect those with high risks of diabetes. The results of this study are clinically relevant given that non-fasting tests are more comfortable and convenient than fasting tests; they also support the initiatives by some guidelines to recommend the use of non-fasting triglyceride for general screening and risk evaluation.
The anatomic study and surgical technique for lumbar spinal canal decompression with “pedicle-plasty” strategy
Authors: Liu Zuo-Zhong , Shi Lei , Yan Zheng-Jian , Ran Jian-Hua , Xu Xi-yan , Deng Zhong-Liang
Published: April 2022

Background
Disc and facet joint are essential for motion between vertebrae.In the treatment of lumbar burst fractures,intervertebral fusion or posterolateral fusion is often required after spinal decompression to rebuild spinal stability, but it may lead to the loss of motor units and the occurrence of adjacent segment diseases. In order to avoid the above situation, we propose lumbar spinal canal decompression with “pedicle-plasty” strategy (DPP).The important adjacent structures of DPP in the lumbar segments on CT and by using anatomical methods were measured and observed in this study. Then, we demonstrated the surgical procedure on cadaveric specimens. The range of the approach, operation space, and precautions were clarified through the above research, and this study can provide the anatomical basis for DPP in clinical practice.
Methods
First,image measurement analysis,the images of patients with lumbar spine CT examinations in our hospital without lumbar spine disease were selected to measure the osteotomy angle (OA), the distance from the intersection of the osteotomy surface and the skin to the posterior midline (DM), the transverse length of the osteotomy surface (TLOS), and the sagittal diameter of the outer edge of the superior articular process (SD). Secondary, cadaver study, the distance between the muscle space and midline(DMSM), the anterior and posterior diameters of the decompression(APDD), and the lateral traction distance of the lumbosacral plexus(TDLP) were measured on the cadaveric specimens. Finally, the surgical procedure was demonstrated.
Results
The OA ranged from 27.68°±4.59° to 38.34°±5.97°, the DM ranged from 43.44 ± 6.29 mm to 68.33 ± 12.06 mm, the TLOS ranged from 16.84 ± 2.19 mm to 19.64 ± 2.36 mm, and the SD ranged from 22.49 ± 1.74 mm to 25.53 ± 2.21 mm. DMM ranged from (45.53 ± 5.73) mm to (65.46 ± 6.43) mm. APDD were between 10.51 ± 3.59 and 12.12 ± 4.54 mm, and TDLP was between 3.28 ± 0.81 mm and 6.27 ± 0.62 mm. DPP was successfully performed on cadaveric specimens.
Conclusions
The approach reaches the outer edge of the articular process through the space between the longissimus and lumbar iliocostalis, and this approach allows for less stripping of both the origin and insertion point of the muscle. An accurate measurement of OA by CT before an oblique osteotomy can reduce pedicle splitting. A spinal canal decompression can be completed through a flat oval lateral window, and then the pedicle is reduced to preserve the integrity of the bone tissue. DPP, as a novel surgical technique for the treatment of lumbar burst fractures with occupation of bone fragments, can preserve the spinal motor unit to decrease the adjacent segment diseases because of no resection of intervertebral discs and no destruction of facet joints,and has certain developmental significance.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Parental Monitoring Short Scale (PMSS)
Authors: Swaim Randall C. , Stanley Linda R.
Published: April 2022

This study evaluated the psychometric properties and validity of the Parental Monitoring Short Scale (PMSS) across reservation-based American Indian and White youth. The PMSS is a shortened and revised version of previous measures of Parental Knowledge, Parental Control, Child Disclosure, and Parental Solicitation. EFA and CFA supported three factors, with Child Disclosure and Parental Solicitation forming a single factor. Configural, scale, and metric invariance were supported across grade level, sex, and ethnicity. Additionally, scale factors were negatively related to substance use, supporting its validity as reported in previous research. This shortened scale of parental monitoring with simplified language can provide a useful measure to comprehensively assess parental monitoring across various subgroups of youth. Further work with this scale among other ethnic groups will determine the breadth of its utility.
Induction and quantification of cellulose nanofibril alignment in nano-hydroxyapatite biocomposite films
Authors: Roozbahani Sahar , Hamilton Joshua , Alsamsam Omar , Mason Michael , Tilbury Karissa Beth
Published: April 2022

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been explored as an emerging naturally sourced material for the development of new biomaterials. The ability to reproducibly tune CNF fiber alignment is an active area of CNF-based biomaterial research. Typically, CNF-based biomaterials are composites, requiring the ability to control the organization of both CNF and additional additives to achieve desired mechanical and cellular interactions. Here, we present a simple CNF fibril alignment strategy based on the application of constant unilateral force on thin CNF films drying on a flexible substrate to reproducibly modulate CNF fibril alignment while integrating nanoparticle hydroxyapatite, a candidate mineral oxide. CNF fibril alignment/orientation is characterized using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and mechanical tensile testing. Collectively, all these characterization tools demonstrate that the application of a 10.2 N unilateral force on a CNF film drying on a flexible substrate results in increased CNF fibril alignment. Furthermore, the addition of nanoparticle hydroxyapatite did not diminish the CNF fibril alignment as assessed by both PLM, SEM, and modulus of elasticity highlighting the utility of the CNF film fabrication technique. In summary, the application of unilateral force on thin CNF films adhered to latex is an elegant, scalable, and cost-effective technique for generating CNF composite films with reproducible fibril alignment.
The ‘sugar tax’ in Bermuda: a qualitative study of general population and key stakeholder perceptions
Authors: CASE Kelsey K , PINEDA Elisa , OLNEY Jack , SEGAL Alexa Blair , SASSI Franco
Published: April 2022

BackgroundTaxes on discretionary foods and sugar-sweetened beverages have emerged as a strategy for health promotion. Between 2018-2019, the Bermuda government introduced a phased sugar tax on imported sugar-sweetened beverages, confectionery, products containing cocoa and pure sugar. The aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of perceptions of the tax among the general population and key stakeholders.MethodsWe conducted a survey of the general population (N = 400), and semi-structured interviews with key informants (N = 14) from the government, food and beverage, and health sectors to understand awareness, acceptability, and perceived impact of the tax after implementation. Summary statistics and thematic analysis were conducted for the general population survey data, and thematic analysis using the framework method was conducted for key informant interviews.ResultsGeneral population respondents had high awareness of the sugar tax (94%) but lower awareness of the healthy food subsidy (32%). Most respondents (67%) felt the tax was not an appropriate way to motivate healthier consumption behaviour largely due to perceptions the tax would not be effective (44%), and due to the high price of healthy food (20%). However, nearly half (48%) of respondents reported consuming fewer taxed products, primarily for health reasons but also motivated by price increases. Key informants indicated there was high awareness, but limited understanding of the tax policy. Most informants expressed support for taxation as a health promotion strategy, conditional on policy implementation. The tax was not believed to have had an impact on consumption. Factors include the lack of clear price differentiation and the absence of accompanying health education or health promotion. No informants were aware of use of tax revenues for health purposes and tax revenue was reportedly re-directed after implementation.ConclusionsThere was high awareness, but limited acceptability of the tax as implemented. Clarity in the tax policy, appropriateness of the tax mechanism, and use of revenue in alignment with the tax aim are critical components for acceptance. The absence of complementary education and health promotion further affected acceptance and may limit potential health impacts. The lessons learned in Bermuda can inform similar policies in other settings.
Propagation of hyperbolic sinusoidal Gaussian beam in jet engine induced turbulence
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Mert , Akın Buket , Işık Mehmet Berke
Published: April 2022

This paper investigates beam evolution and beam sizes variation of hyperbolic sinusoidal Gaussian (HSG) beam propagating in jet engine exhaust-induced turbulence. We find the received field by solving Huygens-Fresnel integral with a relevant power spectrum. Our results reveal that HSG loses its initial profile until 100m. Besides, beam with low displacement parameter value is more resistive against turbulence. In terms of beam size, beams with low Gaussian source size expand less as compared to the beams with larger Gaussian source size. In the light of our findings, optical systems in aircrafts like directed infrared counter measure (DIRCM) and laser designators can be developed.
A fatal case of neonatal onset multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency caused by novel mutation of ETFDH gene: case report.
Authors: De Pasquale Loredana , Meo Petronilla , Fulia Francesco , Anania Antonio , Meli Valerio , Mondello Antonina , Raimondo Maria Tindara , Tulino Viviana , Coletta Maria Sole , Cacace Caterina
Published: April 2022

Background. Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) or glutaric aciduria type II is an extremely rare autosomal recessive inborn error of fatty acid beta oxidation and branched-chain amino acids, secondary to mutations in the genes encoding the electron transfer flavoproteins A and B (ETFs; ETFA or ETFB) or ETF dehydrogenase (ETFDH). The clinical manifestation of MADD is heterogeneous, from severe neonatal forms to mild late-onset forms.Case presentation. We report the case of a preterm newborn who died a few days after birth for an untreatable condition of metabolic acidosis. The diagnosis of neonatal onset MADD was suggested on the basis of the clinical features displaying congenital abnormalities and of the results of the analysis of urinary organic acids along with plasma amino acids and acylcarnitines. Molecular genetic test revealed a homozygous indel variant c.606 + 1 _606 + 2insT in the ETFDH gene, localized in a canonical splite site. This variant, segregated from the two heterozygous parents, was not present in the general population frequency database and has never been reported in the literature.Discussion and conclusion. Genetic counselling should be offered to parents to inform them about the percentage of risk to have an affected child in case of a new pregnancy and about the possibility to perform, in such circumstance, prenatal molecular genetic testing.
Inhaled Aviptadil for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients at high risk for ARDS: Study protocol for a randomized, placebo controlled multicentre trial.
Authors: Boesing Maria , Abig Kristin , Brändle Michael , Brutsche Martin , Burri Emanuel , Frye Björn C , Giezendanner Stéphanie , Grutters Jan C , Haas Philippe , Heisler Justian , Jaun Fabienne , Leuppi-Taegtmeyer Anne B , Lüthi-Corridori Giorgia , Müller-Quernheim Joachim , Nüesch Reto , Pohl Wolfgang , Rassouli Frank , Leuppi Jörg D
Published: April 2022

Background: Despite the fast establishment of new therapeutic agents in the management of COVID-19 and large-scale vaccination campaigns since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in early 2020, severe disesase-courses still represent a threat, especially to patients with risk factors. This indicates the need for alternative strategies to prevent respiratory complications like acute respiratory distress system (ARDS) associated with COVID-19. Aviptadil, a synthetic form of Human Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, might be beneficial for COVID-19 patients at high risk of developing ARDS because of its ability to influence the regulation of exaggerated pro-inflammatory proteins and orchestrating the lung homeostasis. Aviptadil has recently been shown to considerably improve the prognosis of ARDS in COVID-19 when applied intravenously. An inhaled application of Aviptadil has the advantages of achieving a higher concentration in the lung tissue, fast onset of activity, avoiding the hepatic first-pass metabolism, and the reduction of adverse effects. The overall objective of this project is to assess the efficacy and safety of inhaled Aviptadil in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at high risk of developing ARDS.Methods: This multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial with 82 adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and at high risk for ARDS (adapted early acute lung injury score ≥ 2 points) is conducted in four public hospitals in Europe. Key exclusion criteria are mechanical ventilation and severe hemodynamic instability. Patients are randomly allocated to either inhale 67μg Aviptadil or normal saline (three times a day for 10 days), in addition to standard care, stratified by centre. The primary endpoint is time from hospitalization to clinical improvement, defined as either hospital discharge, or improvement of at least two levels on the nine-level scale for clinical status suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO)Discussion: Treatment strategies for COVID-19 are still limited. In the context of upcoming new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and possible inefficacy of the available vaccines and antibody therapies, the investigation of alternative therapy options plays a crucial role in decreasing associated mortality and improving prognosis. Due to its unique immunomodulating properties also targeting the SARS‑CoV-2 pathways, inhaled Aviptadil may have the potential to prevent ARDS in COVID-19.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04536350. Registered 02 September 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04536350
Heteronemin Promotes Iron-Dependent Cell Death in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kaftan Gizem , Erdoğan Mümin Alper , El-Shazly Mohamed , Lu Mei-Chin , Shih Shou-Ping , Lin Hung-Yu , Saso Luciano , Armagan Güliz
Published: April 2022

As the source of several anticancer drugs, the marine environment is a treasure trove for the discovery of new drugs. In this study, a sesterterpenoid-type natural product heteronemin was investigated as a potential ferroptotic agent in the pancreatic cancer cell line (Panc-1). The effect of heteronemin on lipid peroxidation and autophagy- and ferritin-related protein expressions was examined using spectrophotometric and immunoblotting techniques, respectively. As well, several preclinical cell-based tests were used for the anticancer assessment. Results: Heteronemin at 55 nM concentration reduced cell viability by 50%. Heteronemin-induced cell death was reversed by a ferroptosis inhibitor, Ferrostatin-1. The levels of ferroptosis markers and malondialdehyde (MDA) were upregulated by heteronemin treatment while glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) protein expression was downregulated. Also, significant alterations in ferritinophagy- and iron-related proteins (Atg5, Atg7, FTL, STEAP3, and DMT-1) were observed in Panc-1 cells (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The obtained results indicated that heteronemin exerted its pharmacological effect via triggering ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer. The potent cytotoxic effect of heteronemin suggested its potential development as a drug lead in the war against cancer.