bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statue of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Villa Albani 558): Study of the Inscription and Problem of the Dating
Authors: Panov Maxim , Zelinskyi Andrii
Published: February 2020

The article presents a newly commented translation of the hieroglyphic inscription on the statue of Ptolemy II Philadelphos from Bubastis, created several years after a countrywide Egyptian cult dedicated to Arsinoe II had been established. A new interpretation of the text provides evidence for Ptolemy II erecting an additional statue in honor of his deceased sister, and adds one more spelling of Arsinoe’s name based on the wordplay ‘Arsinoe = his sister’ to the already known variants. A victorious military journey to the coastal settlements of Asian countries at the beginning of the Second Syrian War (259-257 BCE), accordingly provides an opportunity to reconsider and improve the current reconstruction of the military activities. The historical source under discussion along with the papyri from Zenon’s archive and other Egyptian documents dating to the same period not only show quite clearly that Ptolemy himself took part in that campaign, but also enables the correct dating of the end of the war to the spring of 257 BCE.
Czartoryski & Torlonia: A Collection of Roman Marble Statues in the Princes Czartoryski Museum
Authors: Gorzelany-Nowak Dorota
Published: February 2020

The objective of the article is to discuss the history of the acquiring of marble sculptures by Prince Władysław Czartoryski during his two stays in Italy: in Naples in 1889 and in Rome in 1891, based on preserved archival documents. The statues include such exquisite examples as a sculpture of Venus Medici from the beginning of the 1st century AD, as well as examples of compilations of ancient fragments that supposedly had previously belonged to the Roman Torlonia collection. Formal analysis of individual objects is expanded upon with information related to conservations they have been subject to.
The safety of punch biopsies on hard-to-heal wounds: a large multicentre clinical trial
Authors: Serena Thomas E. , Cole Windy , Coe Stacey , Harrell Khristina , Serena Laura , Yaakov Raphael , Rennie Monique Y
Published: February 2020

Objective:

Punch biopsy is a simple and effective diagnostic technique used in hard-to-heal wound management. Histologic examination can rule out cancer in the wound bed or diagnose vasculitis in a hard-to-heal or suspicious ulcer. A biopsy can determine the level of bacteria in an ulcer when infection is suspected. Despite its use, health professionals practicing in wound clinics hesitate to perform punch biopsies. The reasons vary from the invasive nature of the procedure to a fear of complications.

Methods:

A multicentre clinical trial evaluated the addition of fluorescence imaging to clinical examination in determining bacterial burden in hard-to-heal wounds. The protocol required a 6mm punch biopsy of any area (up to three) suspected of having moderate-to-high bacteria levels either on clinical examination or fluorescence image. If clinical examination and fluorescence imaging both did not indicate bacteria, the health professional took a biopsy of the centre of the ulcer. The biopsies were performed under local anaesthesia after cleansing the ulcer bed with sterile normal saline. Haemostasis was achieved with direct pressure and the occasional topical clotting agent. All of the patients were followed for 30 days to monitor for adverse events.

Results:

A total of 350 patientis with wounds (diabetic foot ulcer n=138; venous leg ulcer n=106; pressure ulcer n=22; surgical site infection n=60; other n=24), enrolled by 20 investigators at 14 sites in the US, underwent a total of 412 punch biopsies. Haemostasis was achieved in all 412 biopsies. No biopsy sites required cautery or suture ligation to control bleeding. No subjects returned to the clinic secondary to bleeding. A patient developed an infection three days post-biopsy that could have been due to the punch biopsy. However, the patient was HIV-positive and the quantitative biopsy was positive for infection, biopsy bacterial load of 106 colony forming units (CFU)/g.

Conclusion:

This trial used a 6mm punch to obtain tissue for culture, histology and additional biomarker research. In daily wound care practice, a smaller 3mm punch suffices. Adverse events were rare despite the larger biopsy. Punch biopsies are a safe procedure for obtaining tissue for histologic or microbiologic analysis.
Drug breakdown: Clarithromycin – Earn your CPD
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: February 2020

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of tweets. This month she is talking about #clarithromycin
Citizenship Laws of Pakistan: A Critical Review
Authors: Farhat Syed Nadeem
Published: February 2020

Citizenship is considered a fundamental right that guarantees every other right. Citizenship law of Pakistan was enacted in 1951 and took care of the situations that could presumably arise with respect to this right. The changes in geography, technology and demography as well as the evolution of international law on citizenship during almost seven decades have created certain gaps that may have implications for individuals and their rights might be at stake. Varying interpretations of the courts on certain dimensions of law as well as the failure to introduce the modifications suggested by superior judiciary are among the factors that cause concerns. Along with the Citizenship Act and the law for naturalization, the treatment of foreigners in the country too has certain serious shortcomings that may have severe implications. This paper focuses more on the statutes and their current interpretation. It underscores the significance of the right to citizenship and analyzes various scenarios for acquisition of citizenship, its loss, the status of foreigners and judgements under Pakistani citizenship laws.
Off-Grid Solar Electrification Sustainability Assessment: A Case Study of Swat
Authors: Saleh Naila , Ahmed Iftikhar
Published: February 2020

Access to energy is crucial not only for the well-being of people but also for the socioeconomic development of a region. Today, 46.3 million people in Pakistan lack access to the grid whereas those connected have unreliable and interrupted access to energy supply. However, in the wake of prolonged power outages in rural areas accompanied by coincidental spread of awareness on solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, an interesting shift in terms of energy transition is underway. This study focuses on these undocumented changes taking place in the district of Swat. As success and optimality of any system can be best gauged through user's perception, the study attempts at assessing both the sustainability of the installed off-grid solar systems as well as barriers in their diffusion at a larger scale. Where on one hand the findings reveal strong social acceptance for the solar PV technology among users, on the other hand the study observes limited dependence on the technology where reliance on the conventional energy is still very prevalent for heavy load appliances during running electricity hours. Amongst the non-PV users, a strong desire for instalment of PV technology exists. Nevertheless, lack of government support and economic barriers remain major impediments in its adoption. The findings hence underscore significance of supportive policies for augmenting the momentum toward a sustainable energy transition.
Mathematics Motivation in Students With Low Cognitive Ability: A Longitudinal Study of Motivation and Relations With Effort, Self-Regulation, and Grades
Authors: Tracey Danielle , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Pekrun Reinhard , Arens A. Katrin , Murayama Kou , Lichtenfeld Stephanie , Frenzel Anne C. , Goetz Thomas , Maïano Christophe
Published: February 2020

Expectancy-value theory (EVT) is a popular framework to understand and improve students' motivation. Unfortunately, limited research has verified whether EVT predictions generalize to students with low levels of cognitive ability. This study relies on Grade 5 and 8 data from 177 students with low levels of cognitive ability and a matched sample of 177 students with average to high cognitive ability from the German “Project for the Analysis of Learning and Achievement in Mathematics.” Results showed that students with low levels of cognitive ability were able to differentiate EVT components. Both groups demonstrated a similar downward developmental trend in motivation from early to middle adolescence, and similar relations between EVT components and levels of efforts, self-regulation, and mathematics class grades.
Experimental study of mode distortion induced by stimulated Raman scattering in high-power fiber amplifiers
Authors: Chu Qiuhui , Shu Qiang , Chen Zeng , Li Fengyun , Yan Donglin , Guo Chao , Lin Honghuan , Wang Jianjun , Jing Feng , Tang Chuanxiang , Tao Rumao
Published: February 2020

The experimental investigation of mode distortion induced by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in a high-power fiber amplifier, which includes the evolutions of optical spectra, spatial beam profiles, and time-frequency characteristics, has been carried out in detail. Temporal-frequency characteristics have been studied for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, by using a low-speed camera and high-speed photodiode traces, which revealed that temporal-frequency characteristics of SRS-induced mode distortion are different from traditional dynamic mode instability (MI). The experimental results show that the output beam profile remains stable before the mode distortion occurs and fluctuates obviously after the onset of SRS-induced MI but on a time scale of seconds, which is much lower than that of Yb-gain-induced MI featuring millisecond-level beam profile fluctuation. It also shows that the mode distortion became measurable in company with the onset of inter-mode four-wave mixing (IM-FWM) when the ratio of Raman light reaches 3%; further, the beam quality factor

M
2

degrades gradually from 1.4 to 2.1 as the ratio of Raman light increases. The mode distortion is accompanied by an obvious temperature increase of the output passive fiber, which further confirms that the mode distortion originates from SRS. The cause of the mode distortion induced by SRS has been explained in the context of core-pumped SRS effect, and the investigation on the accompanying IM-FWM effect indicates that the main content of the SRS-induced high-order mode is the LP21 mode.
Translation as influence: A dialogue between Maurice Blanchot’s literary theory and Lydia Davis’ short fiction
Authors: Arce Álvarez María Laura
Published: February 2020

The intention of this article is to analyse the intertextual influence between the American writer Lydia Davis and the French philosopher and critic Maurice Blanchot. This literary dialogue occurs as a result of Davis’ experience translating Blanchot’s most relevant critical and fictional texts. Davis’ role as a translator influenced her short fiction in which she discusses the limits of the literary space and therefore constantly challenges the genre as a way of fictionalizing Blanchot’s literary theory.
Happy objects and cruel optimism in Carson McCullers’ story ‘Correspondence’
Authors: Bell Erin
Published: February 2020

This article discusses American author Carson McCullers’ 1942 short story titled ‘Correspondence’, in order to consider how the unique form of the epistolary short story amplifies themes of alienation and absence. Drawing upon contemporary affect theory as well as a close reading of the story, I consider how the letters in the text can be understood as what Sara Ahmed describes as ‘happy objects’, as well as how the process of letter writing becomes exemplary of Lauren Berlant’s theorization of cruel optimism. Based on her own disappointment with letters and letter writing, McCullers’ short text problematizes the act of writing letters and demonstrates the complexities of epistolary short fiction.
Embodied explorations and migrants' agency: Movements, memory and solidarity in Passages by Émile Ollivier
Authors: Paillard Marie
Published: February 2020

This article argues that Emile Ollivier's 1991 novel, Passages, offers a representation of the migrant's body as a contact zone, as a space of entanglement of several processes of encounter and cultural productivity. The migrant's body will become the space where senses, cultural movements, memories, encounter each other, and the space of intersection of various forces. The body builds itself up at the intersection of the processes at stake, which each part of this article will focus on: movement, memory and solidarity between female migrants. In light of these processes, the migrant characters present in Ollivier's novel will be able to reclaim parts of their agency, previously lost in the wake of their displacements.
We were queer first: Male homophobic anxieties in three American sitcoms of the 1990s
Authors: Charles Alec
Published: February 2020

This article investigates how three of the most popular and influential mainstream American situation comedies of the 1990s (Seinfeld, Frasier and Friends) explored and developed societal attitudes to sexual identities. None of these sitcoms feature gay male characters in leading roles, yet (the odd camp restaurant critic aside) they may be seen as pioneering popular televisual representations of attitudes towards male homosexuality. This article argues that these sitcoms (which are today considered homophobic by some) may, in their exploration of problematic responses to differences in sexual identities, be (in effect) more progressive than those series of that period (such as Ellen [1994–98] and Will & Grace [1998–2006, 2017–20]) whose representations of central gay characters in positive but often stereotypical ways tended to avoid (or posited that they had no need to engage in) discussions of the prejudices of wider society (of homophobic ridicule, discrimination and violence).
Savvy viewers and (simulated) reality TV: An analysis of The Bachelor’s appeal to viewers
Authors: Church Scott Haden , Robinson Tom , Callahan Clark , Klotzer Barboza Katherine , Montez Daniel
Published: February 2020

The reality television programme The Bachelor (2002–present) has received a large amount of academic attention since it premiered on ABC in 2002. The majority of that literature approaches the show critically to address issues relating to the representation of race, gender, consumerism, identity and relationships within the format of a competition. Other research on the show ruminates about its relationship to its ‘savvy’ viewers who know reality television is not truly real and yet paradoxically continue to be highly invested in the outcome of its shows. Yet other literature probes for the gratifications embedded in the viewing process and the perceptions of dating that the show cultivates in its viewers. The longevity of The Bachelor can be attributed to the sense of allegiance the viewers feel to the show. To that end, this study is an inquiry into perceptions of the show by its viewers. Using the Q sort methodology, this empirical study reveals insights into its appeal by providing clearly grouped audiences and their particular uses for the show. It also addresses the interface between reality television, social media and the mediated representation of romantic relationships.
‘Half the world away’: Cultural distance and intertextual incompetence in the American reception of British TV comedy
Authors: Diffrient David Scott
Published: February 2020

Comedy has long been thought of as a genre that does not ‘travel’ well, owing to the fact that humour is often tied to culturally specific (or ‘local’) references that might be lost on audiences outside a text’s originating context. In recent years, however, a few globally recognized comedians, such as Simon Pegg, have suggested that the jokes that pepper British comedies can be easily understood by non-British audiences. This article critically interrogates both premises and questions whether the intertextual incompetence of viewers might exacerbate feelings of literal and figurative distance while solidifying an insider/outsider binary that resembles the inclusionary and exclusionary rhetoric at the heart of nationalistic discourse. Drawing upon the insights of comedy and language theorists, the author adopts an autoethnographic approach that foregrounds his own (frequently failed) attempts to disentangle culturally specific references in British sitcoms. Such an approach reveals how, to varying degrees, class, distinction and the cultural capital or taste presumably needed to discern the value and meaning of something all impinge on the connective yet distancing act of transnational TV spectatorship.
Khaki-tinted glasses: Nostalgia and memory at wartime in TV’s M*A*S*H
Authors: Hall Martin
Published: February 2020

This article looks at the fruitful and well-loved television show M*A*S*H (1972–83) through the lens of postmodernism and explores the extent to which nostalgia plays a role in meaning making. M*A*S*H, which was made predominantly in the 1970s, was set in the 1950s and refers quite explicitly to the 1960s, inherently uses ‘memory’ as a vehicle for delivering the show’s messages. By analysing the presence of material artefacts such as letters and food, this article demonstrates the prolificacy of the show’s overwhelmingly nostalgic approach to analysing American society across several decades.
Threatening gazes: Observation and objectification in the TV series Marvel’s Jessica Jones
Authors: Lickhardt Maren
Published: February 2020

Jessica Jones is one of the few female heroes of the Marvel universe, or, to be more precise, an anti-heroine. This article on Jessica Jones (2015–present) deals with Jessica’s post-traumatic stress disorder and her status as a victim by putting aside the obvious gender issues. Powerlessness and self-empowerment shall be discussed as an ineluctable condition of human life on the one hand (Sartre) and a political allegory of omnipresent surveillance on the other hand (Foucault) – without denying that personal responsibility remains an important issue in the series. It will especially be analysed how film aesthetic means, like camera perspectives, involve the viewers into the aforesaid frightening processes.
QUALIDADE DOS DADOS DE NASCIMENTO DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS E MESORREGIÕES: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA
Authors: Marques Denise Denise Helena França , Simão Andrea Branco , Souza Luiza de Marilac
Published: February 2020

Desde 2010 o estado de Minas Gerais, como um todo, possui boa qualidade de informações sobre nascimentos e não necessita de método indireto para calcular as estimativas de fecundidade. Porém, ainda existem problemas quando os dados do estado são desagregados por mesorregiões. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar para quais mesorregiões de Minas Gerais os registros de nascimentos ainda necessitam ser calculados indiretamente e para quais já é possível calculá-los de forma direta. Para isso, as Taxas de Fecundidade Total, de cada mesorregião, calculadas a partir dos registros de nascimentos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e do Registro Civil, serão comparadas com as geradas pela técnica indireta de Brass modificada. Os resultados mostram que os registros das mesorregiões Campo das Vertentes, Central, Jequitinhonha, Noroeste, Norte, Triângulo/Alto Paranaíba, Sul/Sudoeste e Vale do Mucuri ainda padecem de problemas e devem ser corrigidos por técnica indireta. Para as demais regiões é possível utilizar diretamente os dados do Registro Civil e SINASC, representando um ganho para o Estado, uma vez que as taxas podem ser calculadas para anos intercensitários, contribuindo para a compreensão da dinâmica demográfica mais recente e para o planejamento e implementação de políticas sociais mais assertivas.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: CONCEPÇÕES E PRÁTICAS DE PROFESSORES DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DE ITUIUTABA-MG
Authors: Souza Renata Vieira , Bernardes Maria Beatriz Junqueira
Published: February 2020

A educação ambiental emerge em meio ao contexto de uso inadequado dos bens coletivos em diferentes escalas espaço-temporais. Assim, a necessidade de formar cidadãos comprometidos com as questões socioambientais é um dos grandes desafios da educação ambiental neste século. Neste sentido a pesquisa objetivou compreender as concepções e as práticas de educação ambiental dos professores em escolas públicas do município de Ituiutaba-MG. Os procedimentos metodológicos que ampararam o estudo foram centrados na revisão teórica em teses, dissertações, livros e artigos que abordam a temática do trabalho, pesquisa documental com a consulta dos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos (PPPs) das unidades escolares, além de entrevistas com os professores de diferentes disciplinas do ensino fundamental dos anos finais. Os dados obtidos foram organizados, sistematizados e analisados sendo possível constatar o predomínio das visões naturalista e antropocêntrica na percepção ambiental dos docentes. As concepções de educação ambiental dos entrevistados situadas no âmbito da perspectiva conservadora demonstraram uma forte preocupação com a preservação e conservação dos recursos naturais. Compreender a problemática ambiental requer uma visão complexa de meio ambiente em que a natureza integre uma rede de relações não apenas naturais, mas também sociais e culturais.
ZOOGEOMORFOLOGIA: INFLUÊNCIAS DA FAUNA NA EVOLUÇÃO E DINÂMICA DOS SISTEMAS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS
Authors: Marques Neto Roberto
Published: February 2020

O enfoque zoogeomorfológico se estabelece a partir do papel dos animais como agentes geomórficos, e, embora perfaça uma importante interface entre a Geomorfologia e a Biogeografia, são raros os estudos pautados na referida abordagem no escopo da cultura geomorfológica brasileira. A falta de estudos em zoogeomorfologia e a premissa de que animais, vertebrados e invertebrados, influenciam na dinâmica e evolução de sistemas geomorfológicos, se inscrevendo explicitamente nos fluxos de matéria e energia, foram os elementos motivadores deste trabalho, cujo objetivo é discutir de forma sistemática os animais como agentes geomórficos, propondo uma classificação de tais ações a partir de sua manifestação escalar, expressão espacial e efeitos na estrutura superficial da paisagem mediante uma abordagem sistêmica. A discussão aqui apresentada foca enfaticamente os vertebrados, atentando de forma mais detalhada para a mastofauna, classe considerada como a de maior influência nos processos de superfície, para a qual foi constatada importância significativa e que varia em modalidade (pisoteio, escavação, chafurdação, etc.) e intensidade conforme diferentes táxons e distintos contextos bioclimáticos.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HYDROCHEMISTRY AND WATER TYPOLOGY OF THE AMAZON RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES
Authors: Rocha da Silva Maria do Socorro , Ríos-Villamizar Eduardo Antonio , Brandão da Cunha Hillândia , Fonseca Miranda Sebastião Átila , Filgueiras Ferreira Sávio José , Bulcão Bringel Sergio R. , Abrantes Gomes Núbia , Pascoaloto Domitila , Monteiro Silva Luana
Published: February 2020

The geological diversity of the Amazon Basin, as well as the pluvial regime, influences the characteristics of the waters. To know the water types of the rivers of the Amazon basin, 288 superficial water samples were collected, 94 of them along the Amazon River and 194 in their tributaries, from March 2009 to September 2012. The physical, chemical, and physicochemical properties were analyzed. Rivers with pH between 6.5 and 7.6 and electrical conductivity (40.00 - 80.00 μS cm-1) are water bodies that are influenced by the Andean region (e.g., the Amazon River and some of its right bank tributaries). On the other hand, the rivers with pH in the range of 3.5 to 5.5 and conductivity <30.00 μS cm-1, which are Amazon River’s left bank tributaries, reflect the characteristics of the Guiana Shield. The rivers with pH (6.0 to 7.0), low ionic charge, and conductivity <40.0 μS cm-1, such as the lower Amazon River’s right bank tributaries (Tapajos and Xingu) which are influenced by the Central Brazilian Shield, and also the middle/upper Amazon River’s right bank tributaries (Tefé, Coari and Jutaí).
GEOTURISMO COMO ALTERNATIVA AO TURISMO DE MASSA NA VILA DE TRINDADE, LITORAL DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DA BOCAINA – PARATY (RIO DE JANEIRO)
Authors: Rangel Luana de Almeida , Guerra Antonio Jose Teixeira
Published: February 2020

O geoturismo é uma vertente do turismo, que tem como objetivo a geoconservação e a redução do turismo de massa, agregando a participação da comunidade local ao processo de conservação. Unidades de Conservação, muitas vezes sofrem com turismo de massa, devendo estimular atividades que visem à conservação da natureza. Este artigo tem como objetivo, apresentar o potencial geoturístico da Vila de Trindade, litoral do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina município de Paraty, enfatizando a importância da cultura caiçara local e propondo atividades alternativas ao turismo de massa. Para isso, foi realizada a análise qualitativa do potencial geoturístico da área com base em valores: intrínseco, cultural, estético, econômico, funcional e científico/educativo; e a geodiversidade foi valorada a partir da perspectiva de serviços ecossistêmicos. Ficou evidente que os sítios de geodiversidade necessitam de estratégias para sua conservação e reconhecimento. As ações da comunidade local, como a criação da Escola do Mar, para divulgar a cultura caiçara, são essenciais para alcançar os objetivos do geoturismo. Diante disso, o investimento em ações de conscientização para importância do geopatrimônio se fazem essenciais em Unidades de Conservação nas quais há turismo de massa.
Fraud Pentagon for Detecting Financial Statement Fraud
Authors: Aulia Haqq Ananda Putra Nindhita , Budiwitjaksono Gideon Setyo
Published: February 2020

A financial statement is a result of financial reporting that describes the results of an entityâ€™s financial performance for a specified period. Financial statements can also cause managers in an entity to commit financial reporting fraud because they want to describe an excellent financial performance. This study aims to test fraud pentagon theory in detecting fraudulent financial reporting. More specifically, this study attempts to test the financial target, financial stability, external pressure, ineffective monitoring, nature of the industry, change in auditor, change in director, CEOs photo frequency, political connection, and company existence against fraudulence in the companies' financial reporting. These companies are classified in the LQ45 index on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2015-2017. It used 78 annual report data taken by a proportional random sampling based on the number of proportions in each sector of the company. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that financial stability and CEO photo frequency can be used to detect fraudulence in financial reporting. However, financial targets, external pressure, ineffective monitoring, nature of the industry, changes in auditor, changes in director, political connection, and company existence cannot be used to detect fraudulence in financial reporting.
INFLUENCE OF SAND PERCENTAGE TO FRESH CONCRETE PROPERTIES
Authors: Gennai Takuji , Tamura Takahiro , Shimabukuro Atsushi
Published: February 2020

In recent years, the target value of slump in general concrete construction is changed from 8 cm to 12 cm in Japan so that constructors will aim to improve workability and ensure quality. However, increasing the concrete slump may cause material separation. As one of the evaluation methods of material separation of fresh concrete, although TAISEI CORPORATION developed a "T-post slump test," this test result depends on the engineers' experience because this test is the qualitative evaluation, not the quantitative evaluation. Therefore, in order to propose the simple evaluation method of this test, we investigate the relationship between the result of the T-post slump test and bleeding amount of fresh concrete in each sand percentage. As a result, it shows that the material separation, which water exudes on the surface, in the T-post slump test occurs at the sand percentage of 40.0% and 50.0% and the final bleeding amount also obtains 0.39 cm3/cm2 and 0.53 cm3/cm2.
MAPPING THE LITHOCERAMIC CLADDINGS CONSERVATION STATUS IN A BIM ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Villa Valentina , Mangosio Marika , Garda Emilia
Published: February 2020

Italian Modern Movement architecture is characterized above all by the research and use of innovative, experimental and autarkic materials. Lithoceramics is one of the most interesting and widespread cladding materials and represents the Italian reinterpretation of klinker, a very popular ceramic material in Germany and in the Netherlands. Despite the excellent technical performances of the ceramic cladding, increasingly frequent detachment episodes make maintenance interventions necessary on this building stock. Starting from a brief illustration of the characteristics of lithoceramics and of the most significant applications, the paper intends to present a BIM-based digitization methodology for mapping the conservation status of this façade cladding technology, through exemplification on a significant case study. The BIM model contains all the information necessary for the mapping of the state of conservation, for the recovery and maintenance activities of the ceramic elements. The proposed methodology allows a faster and more efficient visualization of the present faults and proposes a targeted intervention system, in relation to the detected fault. This approach contributes to protecting the historical connotation of this building heritage, favoring restoration and cleaning, reducing the time and, consequently, costs of maintenance.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND SIMULATION OF VEHICLE PLATOON OVERTAKING OTHER VEHICLE
Authors: Kita Eisuke , Sakamoto Hiroki
Published: February 2020

A vehicle platoon is the method of grouping vehicles into platoon and driving synchronously. The vehicles in the platoon can travel safely in very small vehicle distance with the help of the mechanical and electric systems and thus, the traffic flow can be increased without any additional road construction. In this study, the interaction behavior between the vehicle platoon of three vehicles and the other vehicle is discussed. When the platoon of three vehicles overtakes the other vehicle, the vehicles in the platoon change the lane, overtake the preceding slow-travelling vehicle and changes the lane again. The vehicle velocity is controlled according to the vehicle following model (Bierley 1963, Chandler et. al. 1958, Gazis et. al. 1961, Helly 1959). The control models of vehicle velocity and behavior are defined in the mathematical model and discussed in the experiments of the robot vehicle. The results show that the model can make the platoon overtakes the other vehicle safely. In the near future, the model should be improved in order to enhance the safety and the efficiency of the vehicle platoon.
RESPONSE OF COMPOSITE STEEL PLATE GIRDER BRIDGES SUBJECTED TO DEBRIS FIRES
Authors: Dissanayake Amila , Venkatesan Srikanth , Setunge Sujeeva
Published: February 2020

Bridge fires have been a serious concern for asset owners for decades. Considerable research work has been published on the assessment of bridges subjected to hydrocarbon fires and Wildland Urban Interfaces (WUI) fires like bushfires. However, the impact from fires that may have been generated due to onsite-accumulated debris, has been largely overlooked in the past. Prolonged duration of debris fires might well cause significant damage to the bridges, unless properly accounted during the design stage. The current study investigates the influence from debris-generated fires on steel girder bridges, using a reasonably validated advanced numerical modelling framework. Fire development was modelled first as a static, and then a travelling fire, using fire dynamic simulation (FDS) to capture the Adiabatic Surface Temperature (AST) development of the structure. The resulted AST was coupled with thermo-mechanical analysis using sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical analysis procedure in ABAQUS. The numerical model was used to estimate the temperature and displacement development of the bridge. The outcome from the study will facilitate asset managers for conducting necessary risk assessments incorporating the influence of onsite flammable debris for bridges.
SEISMIC DAMAGE PREDICTION FOR JAPANESE-STYLE WOODEN HOUSE IN THE 2016 KUMAMOTO EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Takatani Tomiya , Nishikawa Hayato
Published: February 2020

Thousands of wooden houses were destroyed by the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. A seismic damage prediction function for wooden houses taking into consideration the consecutive strong earthquake motions, the amplification effect of ground surface layer, and the rupture propagation effect of seismic fault was proposed in this paper. Relationship between three ground characteristics above mentioned and the seismic damage for wooden house in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake was analytically investigated by 3-D collapsing process analysis. The maximum drift angle was evaluated in this collapsing analysis of two-story wooden house.
TENDER EVALUATION: MCDM TECHNIQUES
Authors: Agrawal Somya , Kapadia Keyur A. , Gupta Rajiv
Published: February 2020

The decision of tender evaluation and allotment is one of the important step of any construction project. There has been a trend away in tender evaluation process from considering quantitative parameters ("lowest price win", "maximum benefit win") to other qualitative parameters (past performance, time of completion). This paper reviewed past and recent literature in order to identify the current tendering process and the various techniques that have been applied previously. The study utilized different MCDM techniques for evaluation of tendering process. Multi-criteria decision making research has become one of the main areas of research for dealing complex and critical decision problems. This paper outlines the use of various systematic decision making tool for the tender selection. Qualitative and quantitative criteria are compared, and the uncertainty associated with the selection of right contractor is highly reduced. By using a case study the tender evaluation is fully investigated applying various MCDM techniques. Results from the different methods are compared and fuzzy extend analysis, fuzzy TOPSIS showed slight difference in results from the other methods.
TENSILE CREEP OF FLY ASH CONCRETE AT EARLY AGE CONSIDERING THE YOUNG'S MODULUS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mimura Yoichi , Vimonsatit Vanissorn , Watanabe Yuki , Horiguchi Itaru , Yoshitake Isamu
Published: February 2020

Tensile properties are important for predicting tensile stress which causes thermal cracking. Fly ash, a by-product from coal-fired power plants, has been recently used to reduce such thermal cracks. However, investigations dealing with tensile properties of fly ash concrete are still limited. This study focuses on the tensile properties of concrete mixed with fly ash at an early age. Fly ash was mixed in general purpose concrete with a cement-replacement ratio of 20% by mass to simulate fly ash concrete used in Japan. To examine tensile Young's modulus and tensile creep, direct tension test was conducted using dog-bone shaped specimens. The tensile creep tests were conducted at the age of 3 days or 7 days, and the loading (30% of splitting tensile strength at the loading age) was sustained for 14 days. Past investigations usually assumed a constant elastic strain during creep test. It should be noted however that elastic strain at early age decreases with the age of concrete as hydration continues. This study takes a consideration of Young's modulus development during creep test to distinguish actual creep and elastic strains. Test results show that creep strain has been underestimated when assuming constant elastic strain.
ULTIMATE SLIP STRENGTH OF PERFOBOND STRIP CONFINED BY CONCRETE COVER
Authors: Tani Shintaro , Fujii Katashi , Isuda Ryo
Published: February 2020

The ultimate slip strength of a perfobond strip (called "PBL" hereafter) depends significantly on the concrete confinement conditions around PBL hole as well as concrete shear fractures at the hole. If the hole is small, the effect of concrete confinement will still more strongly appear. In this paper, focusing on the concrete confinement due to concrete cover, the ultimate slip strength of PBL with a small hole is investigated experimentally through push-out tests, in which the diameter of PBL hole is set at 30 mm and the thickness of the concrete cover is varied from 0 to 100 mm. Test results show that the concrete separates into two blocks with concrete crack parallel to the PBL plate and that the ultimate slip strength of a 50-mm-thick concrete cover is 34.4 kN, which is about 10 times of the slip strength without concrete cover (3.5 kN). Thus, it can be concluded that thicker concrete cover makes the slip strength remarkably larger, in the case of small-hole PBLs.
UNBURNT CARBON REMOVED FROM FLY ASH BY FLOTATION METHOD
Authors: Takehara Rintaro , Suyama Hiroki , Takasu Koji , Koyamada Hidehiro
Published: February 2020

Because fly ash has pozzolanic activity, it has been used for a long time as an admixture for concrete. However, unburnt carbon in the fly ash adversely affects the fresh properties of concrete. For this reason, when fly ash having a high unburnt carbon content is used as an admixture for concrete, it is desired to reduce the amount of unburnt carbon. So far, at our university, we have developed a technique to remove unburnt carbon by flotation method. It is necessary to add a scavenger and a foaming agent when using this equipment. However, the appropriate amount is unknown. Therefore, we investigated a method to easily estimate the amount of chemicals suitable for flotation treatment from the physical properties of raw fly ash. It is obvious that efficient treatment can be performed when the addition amount of scavenger and the addition amount of foaming agent is set to 10: 1, and that the addition amount of the agent can be accurately estimated by using the methylene blue adsorption amount of fly ash.
IMPORTATION OF RELATIONAL PROJECT DELIVERY AGREEMENTS EXPLOITING THE BIM APPROACH IN LEGISLATION
Authors: Di Giuda Giuseppe Martino , Giana Paolo Ettore , Villa Valentina , Valaguzza Sara
Published: February 2020

The research proposes an overview of the importation of a Relational Project Delivery Agreement (RPDA) in Italian legislation and the related issues. The AEC sector fragmentation, caused by an increase of building complexity and a change in the industry structure, is demanding a collaborative approach to the project to allow the possibility of a holistic vision based on a BIM approach. This work provides an overview of RPDAs applications on different contexts, highlighting benefits and issues related, including litigation resolution processes. A special focus has been kept in an Italian context, where the stagnant construction market needs to be revolutionized, and better interactions among stakeholders are required. The research imports and adapts an alliance agreement, FAC-1 (Framework Alliance Contract), on Italian framework, tailoring the most important features of the model to the Italian legislation. The goal of this work is providing a methodology to validate a standard form of contract, aiming at an added value to construction sector. Further developments consist in guidelines for contract management and evaluation of the project behavior during different phases of the process.
A STUDY ON THE FLUIDITY OF MORTAR WITH FINE AGGREGATE ADJUSTED GRAIN-SIZE AND POWDERS
Authors: Koizumi Shohei , Takasu Koji , Koyamada Hidehiro , Suyama Hiroki
Published: February 2020

It has been clarified that the particle shape and particle size distribution of fine aggregate have influenced the fresh properties of concrete and mortar in the past research. But it has not been sufficiently studied how each particle size and particle size distribution of fine aggregate affects the fresh properties of mortar and concrete. In this study, we adjusted the particle size of fine aggregate, and evaluated fresh properties of mortar by indicators. We investigated the fluidity of mortar, which changed depending on the composition of particle size distribution. In addition, the behavior of fresh properties of mortar contained powder substituted as part of cement and fine aggregate adjusted particle size distribution was compared with that when no powder was mixed. Its behavior was discussed. It became clear that, the factor influencing the fluidity varied depending on the composition of particle size distribution. The influence of fine particles on fluidity of mortar varied depending on the content of fine particle and the particles size distribution. When combined with the large particles, the fluidity was improved as compared with the combination with the intermediate particles. In addition, the same tendency as in powder-free mixing was confirmed at powder mixing and increase rate of the relative flow area ratio when fly ash was contained became larger than when the limestone fine powder was contained.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF TRANSPORTATION SUSTAINABILITY RATING SYSTEMS
Authors: Oluwalaiye Oluwatobi , Ozbek Mehmet E.
Published: February 2020

The construction industry contributes a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions to the environment. This highlights the need for this industry to implement sustainable practices to mitigate its negative effects. Sustainability in the construction industry involves considering project development in terms of economic, social, and environmental aspects (triple bottom line). In the transportation sector of the construction industry, several transportation sustainability rating systems (TSRS) have been developed to measure and promote sustainability. However, studies show that these TSRS have not been developed within a consistent “sustainability scope”. This raises the question of the consistency of these TSRS in measuring sustainability of transportation projects. This study assesses three prominent TSRS to determine how each measures sustainability with respect to the triple bottom line. The TSRS that are in the scope of this study are: (i) Envision-a third-party rating system, (ii) INVEST-a self-assessed rating and, (iii) GreenLITES-an in-house developed self-assessed rating system for the New York State DOT. Results show that while these three rating systems provide different levels of credits/points with respect to the triple bottom line, they all place the highest focus on the environmental aspect.
CONCEPTUAL BUSINESS MODELS OF STRATEGIC LOGISTIC SERVICES FOR SMALL-SIZED CONTRACTORS
Authors: Abduh Muhamad
Published: February 2020

The new Indonesian Construction Service Act has explicitly introduced the importance of supply chains for construction project delivery and sustainable supports of small-sized contractors to the Indonesian construction industry's efficiency. Most of the construction cost comes from the material cost to be delivered to the project site that needs proper logistic management. For large and medium-sized contractors, their capacities and projects values enable them to access closer tier of the supply chains; to the producers of strategic materials with more efficient transactions. This is not the case for small-sized contractors, therefore, there should be a strategic logistic service provided for helping them. This paper presents a development of a conceptual business model of a strategic logistic service, especially the third-party logistic service, for small-sized contractors in a small coverage area of operation. Seven business models were identified with the preliminarily identified potential to be the model for the region of Greater Bandung, Indonesia. The models were derived based on the origin entity that could transform or be created as a new business or extended business. The conceptual business models will be used for further research to develop proper and feasible business models of strategic logistic services for small-size contractors in the Greater Bandung area.
DESIGN AND BUILD-A DELAY REDUCTION METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Authors: Crossman Kurt , Musonda Innocent , Marnewick Annlize L , Pretorius Jan Harm C
Published: February 2020

The paper reports on a study of the impact of traditional and design & build delivery methods to ameliorate schedule delays in the South African construction projects. A case study approach of two similar projects was adopted for the study. Data was compiled from document analysis and semi-structured interviews. Selection of projects was purposive and convenience based. A comparative analysis of the two projects was performed on delays to inform on which delivery method ameliorated better the impact of schedule delays. Findings were that design and build marginally reduced the impact of consultant related delays. Little impact was however found for client, contractor and design change related delays. Most construction projects suffer delays, which inevitably increases the contract sums. Reducing the impact of delays is therefore critical. Choice of a delivery method offers an opportunity to reduce the delays and therefore it is valuable to understand which delivery method offered better results. Findings underscore the importance of seeking alternative methods to improve performance. The design and build method seemed to perform better than the traditional method on delay reduction. The implication is that although clients prefer "safe" methods, alternative delivery methods offered better results.
ENGINEERING CHARACTERISTICS AND EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF GROUND
Authors: Yamamoto Haruyuki , Togtokhbuyan Munkhunur
Published: February 2020

One-dimensional layered soil lumped mass ground response analysis was conducted for the representative site in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The surficial geology of the site is predominantly composed of the gravely and sandy soil typical of this region in the central part of Ulaanbaatar. The natural period of soil profiles needs to be investigated under several circumstances. For example, these parameters-based study has indicated that damage due to earthquakes occurs when the natural periods, T1 and T2, of the ground are closer to that of a superstructure. Various computational procedures or methods have been proposed for this kind of the ground response analysis. In this paper, the numerical analysis method such as the lumped mass method within eigenvalue analysis is used to determine the natural periods of the ground. The ground surface, soil deposits, and bedrock are assumed to be horizontal. The soil deposits are subjected to shear deformation such as shear modulus, G, on the other hand, excitation of vibration could be a shear modulus on each layer. As well as to determine an engineering bedrock depth in the site, the methodology that is utilized in this paper is focused on the use of the correlation between SPT-N value and soil elastic Young's modulus, E, in the soil profiles, and used over 100 boreholes data with SPT-N values in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar.
O wybranych funkcjach trybu rozkazującego zwrotów frazeologicznych
Authors: Witkowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to discuss several secondary problems related to the description of paradigms of Polish phraseological units with a verbal component, i.e. indication of the selected function of their imperative forms. The considerations focus on two general issues. Firstly, they present the possible contexts of using said phrases and, secondly, they verify the hypothesis that verbal phraseological units inherit the properties of verbs with regard to the possibility of occurrence in certain imperative form functions.