bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whats wrong with cookbook experiment? a case study of its impacts toward learning outcomes of pre-service physics teachers
Authors: Yusiran  , Siswanto  , Hartono  , Subali B , Ellianawati  , Gumilar S , Sartika D
Published: November 2019

Cookbook experiment is familiar type of experiment in which students have to follow some procedures to carry out a practicum in laboratory. Due to its easiness, not only students in high school but also students in college recognized this. However, there is no clear role of cookbook experiment toward learning outcomes of pre-service physics teachers. This study investigates the impact of cookbook experiment toward learning outcomes. A single case study was carried out in one private university in east Indonesia in which all participants were students from physics department. The finding results reveals that cookbook experiment was used almost eight years. This affected two pivotal aspects of students: achievement of cognitive learning ability and students’ interest toward learning process. In these aspects context, the cookbook experiment did not facilitate students who are pre-service physics teachers to construct and strengthen deep understanding, to make a joyful and meaningful learning process, and to flourish the diverse skills needed by students such as higher order thinking skills. This article indeed presents a consideration of the implication of physics practicum in Indonesia in deep insight and wider context.
A preliminary study: how is extent the fourth-grade students understanding of the magnetic force?
Authors: Ningsih A R , Afifah R N , Qonita  , Gumala Y , Handayani H , Suhandi A , Syaodih E , Maftuh B , Hermita N , Samsudin A
Published: November 2019

This study purposes to identify about elementary level understanding of the magnetic force over experiential learning. The indicator of understanding aspect used purposes to extent students’ understanding of the elementary school. The indicator that used in this study is a Bloom indicator. A descriptive-qualitative design and random sampling have previously been pretentious to accumulate data from fourth grade elementary students in one of Bandung Regency (27 participants: 9-10 years old). The instrument which is operated designed multiple choices with interview process. The significance shows that every aspect of understanding such as: modelling, classifying, comparing, explaining, and estimating students have dissimilar results. The students’ understanding mostly lies in the indicators of the aspects of understanding the exemplifying part. Toward entirety up, students’ understanding of elementary school is stumpy and necessities to be enhanced.
Analysis of earth and space science curriculum at senior high school
Authors: Cahyati I , Liliawati W
Published: November 2019

This study aims to describe the curriculum of earth and space science at junior and senior high schools. The approach of the research is qualitative with literature review methods. The source of data used in this study is regulation minister of national education number 22 of 2006, regulation minister of education and culture number 69 of 2013 and regulation minister of education and culture number 24 of 2016. The results of the analysis obtained the provision material of earth and space science of education unit level curriculum at senior high school for physics by 2.63% and geography by 19.23%. Furthermore, the 2013 curriculum for Physic by 6.45% and geography by 26.30% and 2013 curriculum of revised edition for physics is 5.88% and geography is 27.78%. Based on the results of the analysis, there are changes in the structure of curriculum content for senior high school such as in education unit level curriculum, material of global warming is not given. While after the curriculum existence changes into the 2013 curriculum and 2013 curriculum of revised edition, the material of global warming is given in class XI of physics.
K-10 students’ conceptual understanding on Newton’s laws: current and future directions
Authors: Hermanto I M , Muslim M , Samsudin A , Maknun J
Published: November 2019

The aim of this research to obtain a profile of K-10 students’ conceptual understanding on Newton’s laws. In fact, not only student conceptual understanding is at a low level but also high-order thinking skills. This research is qualitative research with a case study method and using embedded, single-case design. Moreover, students’ conceptual understanding is measured based on indicators explaining, comparing, inferring and interpreting. This research has already implemented to K-10 students (13 male and 21 female students) in Bandung. The results report that students’ conceptual understanding for each indicator was such as explaining, comparing, inferring and interpreting is generally insufficient category. It can be concluded that students’ conceptual understanding on Newton’s law is still low.
Identification of misconceptions on global warming material: impact and solutions at middle school
Authors: Hamzah K , Liliawati W , Samsudin A
Published: November 2019

This study aims to identify the misconceptions of global warming material: impacts and solutions using the three-tier test diagnostic instrument. The Earth and Space Science material in the global warming chapter of the 2013 curriculum was given to the second semester of class XI so it was very new for high school students. The object of this study was 61 high school students of class XII who were scattered in two schools in Bandung, West Java randomly. The results of the analysis obtained the percentage of students who experienced more misconceptions compared to students who had scientific conception of 40.2%, while students with scientific conception were 36.6%, with the lack of knowledge 16.5% and error 6.7%. The percentage of students who experienced more misconceptions in the submission of solutions to global warming from the submersion of the impact of global warming was 45.74% while the submersion of the impact of global warming was 31.85%. These results indicate that students still experience misconceptions in Earth and Space Science material due to learning methods and the use of teaching aids that are still lacking.
Problem based learning in mechanical engineering to train student’s creativity
Authors: Setyowidodo I , Sutanto  , Handayani A D , Mahmudi H
Published: November 2019

Creative thinking skills is highly significant thinking skills that will be increasingly necessary because of the increase in complex problems caused by the rapid development of technology and social movements worldwide. Therefore, educators should train the creativity to their students in order to enable their success as future citizens. Student creativity is very important in the teaching and learning, its because every student are unique, so they are always have their own creativity. PBL should be implemented in various disciplines, such as in Mechanical engineering Programs. Using a problem-based learning approach is an alternative and effective way to introduce, discuss, and learn about a given (creativity) topic or concept. The purpose of this learning model develops high-level thinking skills in problem-oriented situations and integrates new knowledge to train student’s creativity, providing authentic issues and meaningfully emphasized real time data from websites. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research with Pre-Test - Post Test Experimental design. Implementation of development procedures in this study include (1) research and information collection; (2) planning; (3) development of initial product form; (4) field test and product revision; (5) revision of the final product; and (6) dissemination and implementation. Data collection using test, observation, documentation and interview techniques. The quantitative data analyse with one sample t test. Real time data is information delivered immediately after the observation or data collection, various real time data can be collected through the address of the website in the internet. The module product in this study is a learning model device that integrates real time data to train student’s creativity. This study shows that the implementation of Problem Based Learning can enhancing the creativity of Mechanical Engineering Students Program in Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri.
Polytype Dynamic Reactive Power Equipment Planning Method for Receiving-End Power Grid
Authors: Jin-min CHENG , Wei-yuan WANG , Ji-liang XUE , Xuan YU , Gao-wei LIU
Published: November 2019

Due to the interaction between AC and DC systems, the multi-DC feeding receiving-end power grid is prone to have safety and stability problems. Reactive power equipment can improve the transmission capacity of power grid at the same time avoid voltage drop which is gradually applied in receiving-end power grid. In this paper, a polytype dynamic reactive power equipment coordination optimization model based on static and transient voltage stability is proposed, which can be used for dynamic reactive power planning of receiving end power grid to satisfy the safety and stability standards and the minimum investment scheme limited by installation conditions. The guiding significance of the model for dynamic reactive power planning is illustrated by an example of the reactive power planning for the south Suzhou power grid in East China.
Optimal Operation Management in A Micro-Grid System Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Karrar Waleed , Zhen Zhang , Mohammed Ebrahim , Ismael Waleed M , Zengwei Zhu
Published: November 2019

Due to increase, the electricity demands and the cost of energy generation to cover the living requirement of modern societies, micro-grid (MG) has been established and played an important role to solve the problems of intermittent. This study focused on implementing the analytical algorithm for calculating the difference between generated units and consumed units under the control of the State of Charge (SOC) value and applied the Particle Swarm Optimization (ANALYTIC-PSO) algorithm to optimize the value resulting from the difference between generated units and consumed units. The simulation was performed using the python environment and the PSO algorithm converges to final state approximately after the 10th iterations. The results showed that the proposed approach is efficient compared to Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm.
Realization of Sequential Control Function Based on Bay Level Equipment in Smart Substation
Authors: Wen Bo , Chen Hong , Hengxuan LI
Published: November 2019

In view of the problem of low reliability and automation of advanced application functions such as sequential control in smart substation, the logic configuration mode of sequential control is analyzed based on the principle of logic virtual circuit of bay level equipment in smart substation, and the realization of sequential control function based on bay level equipment is proposed. This method improves the operational reliability and configuration flexibility of sequential control, and fundamentally solves the technical application problem, so as to improve the intelligent level of power grid.
Study on Minimum Inertia Demand of System Considering Frequency Stability of MIDC Power Grid
Authors: Liang CHENG , Weiyuan WANG , Guang XU , Xuelian WU , Fei DOU , Jinmin CHENG , Hui CAI
Published: November 2019

The increase of UHVDC feed capacity and the grid-connected capacity of distributed new energy lead to increasingly prominent frequency stability problem of MIDC (Multi-infeed DC) grid. Based on the simplified frequency analysis model, it theoretically analyses the influence of system inertia reduction on frequency stability under high power disturbance fault. A method for estimating the system synchronous inertia demand that meets the requirements of safe and stable operation of the system is proposed. The correctness and reliability of the proposed method are verified based on the time domain simulation data of the East China Power Grid.
Comparative Study on Power Oscillation Disturbance Source Location Method Based on Oscillation Energy Flow
Authors: Guo Siyuan , Zhang Shoushou , Zhu Weijun , Song Junying , Yan Yabing
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of the wide area measurement system (WAMS), the disturbance source location method based on oscillation energy has been widely used in low frequency oscillation monitoring. This paper focuses on the applicability research of different oscillation energy methods. Taking the forced power oscillation caused by the excitation system abnormality as an example, the disturbance source location accuracy of three oscillation energy methods is compared. The results show that it is important to extract the dominant component of the electrical signal. When the non-dominant component content is large, it will affect the location accuracy of the traditional oscillation energy method.
Urban Distribution Network Operation Risk Index System and Calculation Method
Authors: Chao PEI , Dalei Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Mengbing RAN , Man Wang
Published: November 2019

A reasonable index system is an important basis for risk assessment. Firstly, aiming at the shortcomings of the existing index system establishment and evaluation methods, combined with the structural and operational characteristics of urban distribution network, a risk index hierarchy including load loss, grid structure integrity, equipment loss and grid security margin is proposed based on the construction principle. Then, the calculation methods for the consequences of each risk index are given from the perspective of facilitating engineering application. Finally, the application example of power grid in a city is given.
Analysis of Power Service Bandwidth based on AHP and Clustering
Authors: Yiming Chen , Hechun Zhu , Shiying Yao , Yunyang Huang , Jingru Liao , Jie Xu
Published: November 2019

The current method of analyzing the relationship between communication service and bandwidth requirement in the power communication network is simple. It uses a single formula with predetermined constant parameters to calculate the bandwidth of each communication service for a given site which can not show the relative bandwidth demand of different services. This paper proposes a combined AHP and hierarchical clustering method to analyze the relative bandwidth requirement of each service. This method is based on AHP to analyze the impact of different factors on bandwidth and use hierarchical clustering method to aggregate services with similar communication needs into the same class, and it shows different services’ relative bandwidth requirement clearly. Experiments on data of various site shows that all the services with similar bandwidth requirements are grouped into the same class.
Fast Reliability Assessment Algorithm of Distribution Network based on Topological Similarity Analysis
Authors: Liu Hao , Zeng Qinghui , Liu Shaohui , Wu Zhuojun , Li Lei , Ma Rongrong
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the concept of topological similarity is introduced to realize a fast and accurate reliability assessment of distribution network. Based on the singular value sequence as the similarity index, the mathematical relationship between similarity of network topology and power supply reliability of distribution network is developed. Firstly, the matrix representation, similarity index and its determination method of distribution network topology are presented, while the compression and reconstruction of matrix are analyzed to ensure the topological characteristics of adjacent matrix. Then, a fast reliability assessment algorithm of distribution network based on topological similarity is proposed, which uses root mean square method to determine similarity according to topology database and updates reliability indexes, together with the calculation flow. Lastly, case study of IEEE 33-node distribution network is undertaken, which shows that the calculation efficiency of the proposed algorithm is seven times higher than that of other conventional algorithms under the same calculation accuracy.
PV Prediction based on PSO-GS-SVM Hybrid Model
Authors: Hongmei KONG , Huibin SUI , Peng ZHANG
Published: November 2019

Photovoltaic power generation is affected by many factors, with volatility and intermittent characteristics. Large-scale photovoltaic access to the power grid poses great challenges to the safety and stability of power systems. Therefore, accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation helps dispatchers adjust scheduling schedules in a timely manner, effectively reducing the adverse impact of photovoltaic power generation access on the power grid. This paper proposes a hybrid PV power prediction model based on PSO-GS-SVM. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is used to optimize the large step size of the support vector machine (SVM), and the parameter optimization range is obtained. GridSearch Method (GS) refined parameters optimization of PSO-SVM, and obtained PSO-GS-SVM hybrid model. The model is used to train and predict the normalized and dimensional sunny and non-clear working conditions data sets, and compared with BP neural network, SVM and PSO-SVM models. The results show that the PSO-GS-SVM hybrid model has better generalization ability and higher fitting effect.
A Prediction Method for Power Transformer State Parameters Based on Grid Long Short-Term Memory Network
Authors: Dai Jiejie , Song Hui , Wan Xiaoqi , Yan Yingjie , Sheng Gehao , Jiang Xiuchen
Published: November 2019

Power transformer state parameter prediction analysis can provide strongly technical support for equipment state assessment. The available transformer state parameter prediction models are mainly based on the very limited number of state parameters for analysis and judgment. So, the stability and the intelligence of prediction still need improvement. Based on the large amount of information of transformer equipment state, the data of environmental meteorological and grid operation, this paper proposes a transformer state parameter prediction method using deep mining of complex associations with the grid long short-term memory network (GLSTM). Association relationships captured from GLSTM are used to correct the prediction of state parameters. Finally, the method is applied to the top oil temperature trend prediction of a 500 kV transformer. The results show that the proposed method can mine and analyze the relationship between the influencing factors of equipment state. Compared with the prediction methods without considering the correlation and the traditional methods, the association relation extracted by GLSTM improves the stability of the prediction model and reduces the prediction error.
Identification of hidden dangers in transmission line corridors based on hybrid algorithms
Authors: Zheng Wenjie , Li Chengqi , Yang Bo , Sun Xiaobin
Published: November 2019

Computers automatically recognize hidden dangers in photos taken from transmission line corridors to greatly reduce the workload of transmission line patrol personnel. However, transmission line corridors are complex and hidden dangers in the scene are diverse, which bring great difficulties to the identification of hidden dangers. To solve this problem, this paper proposes various algorithms to identify various hidden dangers separately based on their sample size and characteristics of hidden dangers. Firstly, we identify construction machinery based on CNN algorithm by making use of massive samples. Secondly, we identify fires by using features including color and texture based on SVM. Finally, we identify foreign objects on transmission lines with Bresenham algorithm based on the geometric characteristics of transmission lines. In order to verify the practicality of the above algorithms, we collect tens of thousands of photos taken by cameras deployed on transmission towers and select different samples from them to test the above algorithms separately, whose results show that our algorithms achieved acceptable recognition accuracy.
Research on Low Power Sensor Networking Technology of Transformer Equipment Based on Node Energy
Authors: Bai Demeng , Lin Yi Yang,Ying , Li Chengqi
Published: November 2019

With the development of smart grid and Internet of Things technology, the level of substation intellectualization is getting higher and higher. In order to monitor the substation equipment in real time and obtain the information of equipment operation status, a large number of monitoring sensors are installed on the equipment. Because of the complex internal environment and many dangerous factors in the substation, monitoring nodes usually use wireless communication and rely on their own batteries for power supply. Because the replacement of batteries is not convenient, node power consumption is very important for its lifetime. Traditional monitoring devices install SIM card, but according to this way, the power consumption of the device is large, so it needs to be connected separately to supply power for the device. At present, the main method is to form a network in the station, and the nodes gather information uniformly in the station. Because of the different transmission distance, each node sends information directly, which leads to its own battery consumption too fast, and the generation time of nodes is relatively short. In order to prolong working time and improve energy efficiency, a low-power sensor network technology based on node energy for transformer equipment is proposed in this paper. The energy consumption of each node is balanced by considering the node energy in the process of information transmission, thus prolonging the node lifetime and monitoring the network lifetime.
The Development of Mobile On-line Partial Discharge Monitoring System of XLPE Cable
Authors: Yue Zhang , Yiming Zang , Xiaoxin Chen , Yong Qian , Gehao Sheng , Xiuchen Jiang
Published: November 2019

The existing on-line monitoring systems of cable are poor in mobility, cost performance and networking mode. Aiming at these deficiencies, a mobile on-line partial discharge monitoring system of XLPE cable is designed and developed in this paper. Besides the analysis of partial discharge pulse and diagnosis for cable insulation, the system features on flexible networking modes. The paper describes the hardware theory, development process details and significant parameters. And the architecture and interface of the system’s software are also demonstrated. A series of test and installation proves that, this is a flexible, stable, reliable system which can satisfy the requirement on on-line partial discharge monitoring of XLPE cable.
“Point-like” neutron source based on D-D fusion reaction
Authors: Shaposhnikov R A , Golubev S V , Skalyga V A , Izotov I V , Razin S V , Sidirov A V , Lapin R L , Vybin S S , Yu Kazakov M , Bokhanov A F
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the results of a “point-like” neutron source development based on the D-D fusion reaction that occurs when a focused deuterium ion beam hits deuterium-containing target. The obtained neutron yield from 1 mm emitting region reached values 1010 s−1 at ion beam current value 60 mA and its energy 80 keV.
Computation of High-Speed Plasma Flows in the Conditions of Thermochemical Non-Equilibrium
Authors: Molchanov A M
Published: November 2019

A numerical method is proposed for computing an ionized high-speed flow in the conditions of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium, taking into account the interaction of a moving electrically conductive continuous medium with an electromagnetic field. These flows are described by a fully coupled system of equations, which includes the equations of continuity, momentum, total energy, rotational energy, vibrational energy, electron energy, and mass conservation of chemical components. Electrical conductivity is determined using the kinetic theory. A special explicit-implicit scheme with alternation in half steps in time was proposed for numerical solution of rigid equations of chemical components and energy modes. That made it possible to solve a completely coupled system of equations with a large number of components and modes quickly and effectively. The developed method was used for numerical simulation of the physic process of interaction of a magnetic field with an ionized flow. The results of computations preformed by the proposed method are in satisfactory agreement with experimental data and computation results of other authors.
Joint liquid-vapor approach development at solution of different heat and mass transfer problems
Authors: Shishkova I N , Kryukov A P , Yu Levashov V
Published: November 2019

Paper is devoted to a research of heat-mass transfer processes near the boundary surface liquid-vapor taking into account interference of each phase at each other. For these purposes the approach allowing to carry out the description as a liquid and vapor phase on the basis of a uniform computing algorithm is presented. The offered approach is based on the numerical solution of the of Boltzmann kinetic equation, but at the same time the assumption of the invariance of a state (parameters) of the condensed phase isn’t used. The theme of the impact of multiparticle interaction at values of macro-parameters in the vapor field and in the condensed phase is considered.
Compact plasmatron with diverging rod electrodes
Authors: Rogosin K A , Kon’kov A A
Published: November 2019

A device for treating polymer surfaces with low-temperature plasma is described. The basic principle of the device is based on the increasment of the surface energy resulting from plasma treatment of the polymer. Plasma is generated by the breakdown of atmospheric pressure air with a high voltage of 15-20 kV. The discharge current reached 10-20 mA. Goniometric measurements of wetting angles showed improved wetting of the surface of the polymers.
Lithium deposits from the T-10 tokamak after experiments with lithium capillary-porous system
Authors: Budaev V P , Khimchenko L N , Fedorovich S D , Grashin S A , Lubenchenko A V , Van Oost G , Karpov A V , Rogozin K A
Published: November 2019

The structure of lithium deposited specimens at the T-10 tokamak vessel after examination of lithium capillary porous system were analysed. Scanning electron microscopy have been used to analyse the deposits. Composites of lithium carbonate LixCOy have been found by analysis. Plasma irradiation of these lithium specimens have been carried out in the PLM plasma device with plasma parameters similar to the tokamak divertor plasma. Stationary plasma load up to 1 MW/m2 during 200 minutes in the PLM provided the change of surface morphology revealed by post-mortem analysis.
The heat exchange reduction of tungsten “fuzz” surface irradiated with helium plasma in the PLM device
Authors: Gerasimov D N , Fedorovich S D , Budaev V P , Morgunova S B , Karpov A V , Zakletskii Z A
Published: November 2019

In this work, we measured thermal conductivity of tungsten surface layers grown under helium plasma irradiation in the PLM device at NRU “MPEI”. A stochastic nanostructured fuzz-type surface with fibers of less than 50 nm has grown on the irradiated samples. The duration of discharges in the PLM reached 200 minutes, the thermal load on the surface of the test plates during plasma irradiation was more than 1 MW / m2 and more. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the nanostructured fuzz layer of the depth of approximately 1.6 µm on the tungsten exposed to plasma at 950 °C. The density of fuzz layer was observed to depend on the plasma load. We adopted the well-established laser flashing method in order to measure the heat transfer characteristics of tungsten nanostructured surface. Results from measurements show that heat exchange was reduced in the fuzz layers compared to that of pristine tungsten. This reduction can be attributed to the fuzz fibers on the surface.
Application of neural network technologies in power engineering
Authors: Andryushin A V , Arakelyan E K , Shcherbatov I A , Kosoy A A , Dolbikova N S
Published: November 2019

In this work, key areas of artificial neural networks using in the energy sector are highlighted. The application of neural network technologies to assess the current technical condition of energy equipment, systems and tools for various purposes is implemented on classification algorithms, allowing to establish the degree of closeness of the current technical state to the “normal” state through the use of key technological (diagnostic) parameters. The prediction of operating modes (normal, emergency, etc.), the occurrence of defects, failures and accidents is carried out by establishing functional dependencies using historical data on the operation of power equipment. The data accumulated for different periods are used to predict the consumption of various types of energy and loads during these periods. On the basis of neural network algorithms, operational intelligent control of the operating modes of energy facilities is implemented, and systems for dispatch control, decision support, repair management, etc. are developed.
Experimental study of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in two-phase natural circulation loop with reference passive cooling systems of nuclear power plants
Authors: Kabankov O N , Sukomel L A , Yagov V V , Zubov N O
Published: November 2019

In spite of long year practical use of natural circulation systems and not less long period of study working characteristics of these systems the problem of reliable predicting calculations of natural circulation loops (NCL) with boiling coolant at low reduced pressures is not likely can be considered as being solved. At the same time the interest to solution of this problem arises today, because low pressure natural circulation loops are considered as main type of post accident passive cooling systems for nuclear power plants. The main difficulties for calculations are concerned with determining friction pressure losses, which are strongly depended on two-phase flow pattern. At low reduced pressures large difference between liquid and vapour (gas) specific volumes predetermines the strong change of flow pattern even at small change of mass flow quality. An attempts to calculate local two-phase flow parameters (void fraction, circulation velocity) in the wide range of mass flow qualities without considering the change of flow patterns often lead to large deviations of calculated values from the results of experimental measurements. Another specific feature of two-phase low pressure NCL is hydrodynamic flow instability with circulation velocity pulsations of high amplitude and the occurrence of reverse flows. This also presents problems in developing calculation method. In present paper a method for calculating a low-pressure NCL has been developed, in which local two-phase flow parameters (void fraction, the phases velocities, pressure) are calculated using a modified homogeneous model with taking into account the distribution factor and the phases slip and a model of an annular-dispersed flow with considering droplets entrainment and deposition. A modified homogeneous model was applied for description quasihomogeneous flow regimes. At high values of void fraction annular-dispersed flow model was used. Recommendations for change from one model to another in practical calculations have been formulated and verified. The proposed calculation method has been verified by the comparison the calculated thermo-hydraulic characteristics of laboratory natural circulation loop with the experimental data. The experiments have been carried out for boiling in the loop of three different liquids – water, ethanol and perfluorohexane (FC-72) at atmospheric pressure. The comparison of calculated and experimental results showed their good agreement.
Comparative analysis of MSW thermal utilization technologies for environment friendly WtE plant
Authors: Efremov A N , Dudolin A A
Published: November 2019

A comparison of the technologies of thermal utilization of solid chemical waste was carried out, the advantages and disadvantages of the thermal utilization technologies of WtE thermal power plants used in worldwide were given. A method of comparison and selection of the preferred technology of thermal utilization, depending on the specific conditions of the placement of TPPs at MSW, is proposed. Thermal utilization can be classified into three categories (combustion, gasification and pyrolysis), the difference between them lies in the amount of excessive air present in combustion chamber. The gasification technology that can be often in use in WtE can be divided into two main types – slugging gasification and plasma gasification.
Laser-driven magneto-inertial fusion with magnetized cylindrical target
Authors: Kuzenov V V , Shumaev V V , Dobrynina A O
Published: November 2019

Laser-driven magneto-inertial fusion assumed plasma and magnetic flux compression by quasisymmetric laser-driven implosion of magnetized target. We develop a 1D radiation magnetohydrodynamic code and a formulation for the one-fluid two-temperature equations for simulating compressible non-equilibrium magnetized target plasma. Laser system with pulse radiation with 10 ns duration is considered for numerical experiments. A numerical study of a scheme of magnetized laser-driven implosion in the external magnetic field is carried out.
Stress Detection using Galvanic Skin Response: An Android Application
Authors: Navea Roy Francis , Buenvenida Paul John , Cruz Christian Dave
Published: November 2019

Stress is one of the factors that affect human health in many aspects. It is considered as one of the culprits in increasing the risk of getting sick that could probably lead to critical physical or mental illnesses. Stress can be experienced everywhere and in different circumstances. Hence, stress should be controlled and managed by monitoring its progress or regress. Physiological information can be used to determine stress levels. One of these is the Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) that utilizes skin conductance which is known to be directly involved in the emotional behavioural regulation in humans. In this study, a method on how to determine stress when a person is engaged in mobile communication is proposed. An Android application was developed that is capable of determining the stress level of a person while doing SMS composition. GSR data were utilized and the performance of the proposed method was found of no significant difference with a commercially available device. Factors like phone size and period of texting was investigated and were found out that these only contribute an extremely low level of stress. The developed App could be used to determine stress levels especially if emotional conversations are considered.
Design and Development of Artificial Spinal Ligaments for Paediatric Synthetic Spine
Authors: Muhayudin Nor Amalina , Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , McEvoy Fiona , Tansey Anthony
Published: November 2019

A synthetic spine is a model fabricated from artificial materials consisting of the vertebrae, intervertebral discs and ligaments for spinal testing. The synthetic spine overcomes many difficulties associated with biological specimens such as handling, biohazard concerns, high costs, and limited availability of specimens, quality and large inter-specimen variability. This paper presents the design and development of spinal ligaments to mimic the stiffness of the paediatric ligaments for use in the synthetic spine. Spinal ligaments are uniaxial structures in the spine that carry tensile loads along the direction of the fibres. Early in the research, silicone materials were used to cover the whole spinal unit, but it became apparent that the material responses were inadequate. The synthetic spine was revised to use fibreglass tape to more closely simulate the natural spinal structures. The composite design applied in this paper consisted of soft silicone rubber and fibreglass tape to obtain the natural stiffness that normally occurred in the spinal ligaments.
Implementing a Brain-Computer Interface Wheelchair in Home-Care Setting: Preliminary Result
Authors: Krishnan Kamala , Fan Tan Lee , Kiat Danny Ng Wee , Yau Goh Sing
Published: November 2019

This main aim of this study is to implement the brain-computer interface wheelchair in a home-care setting for the occupant’s benefit. Two patients suffered from motor neuron diseases (MND) and were recruited from local elderly home care. The wheelchair was set-up and test trials were conducted prior to the data collection. All the challenges faced during the process of implementation were recorded. Solutions were suggested accordingly.
Smoking status classification by optical spectroscopy and partial least square regression
Authors: Huong Audrey Kah Ching , Mahmud Wan Mahani Hafizah Wan , Tay Kim Gaik , Ngu Xavier Toh Ik
Published: November 2019

Smoking status of individuals is often revealed through self-reported data and interviews. The incidence of false reports severely impairs the proper assessment of the individuals’ health conditions and their risk to tobacco associated diseases, delays clinical intervention and treatment services. This paper presents the use of optical technique combined with partial least square (PLS) regression model in the classification of smoking status. The focus of this work is on light absorbance signals (by skin tissue) in the wavelength range of 520 – 600 nm; based on these data dendogram and PLS techniques are used to estimate the number of likely clusters within the considered dataset and to predict smoking status of individuals, respectively. The results from the processing of spectral information of smoking and nonsmoking populations revealed a high misclassification rate of 26.67 % using dendrogram method, but a considerably high accuracy of 90 % evaluated via leave one out cross validation was obtained using PLS component number 4. This study concluded that the spectral oscillation patterns and descending rates corresponded to nonsmoking and smoking individuals could be differentiated and specified using PLS technique in the determination of smoking status.
Time-frequency EMG features comparison of biceps brachii and erector spinae in evaluating work level categories of RTW patients
Authors: Shair Ezreen Farina , Ahmad Siti Anom , Abdullah Abdul Rahim , Marhaban Mohammad Hamiruce , Tamrin Shamsul Bahri Mohd
Published: November 2019

Electromyography (EMG) is one of the special tool in assessing human muscle performance. The muscle performance can be evaluated when there exist changes on both the amplitude and frequency simultaneously. However, various time-frequency EMG signal features from literature do not provide easy and direct interpretation of the muscle condition specifically for non-researchers in rehabilitation centers. This study investigates EMG behavior of biceps brachii and erector spinae based on new time-frequency EMG features during functional capacity evaluation (FCE)’s core-lifting task in evaluating work level categories of return to work patients. Surface EMG signals are filtered using band pass filter with cut-off frequency at 5-500 Hz and auto-segmented using spectrogram, while S-transform is used for the features extraction. Result shows that the differences of the proposed EMG features values are significant in indexing muscle performance and are good indicators for the determination of work level categories.
Variation of Stress Intensity Factor and Strain Energy Release Rate in Human Cortical Bone using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Salim Mohammad Shahril , Azahari Anis Najwa , Salleh Ahmad Faizal , Daud Ruslizam , Sakeran Hamzah
Published: November 2019

Finite element modelling and analysis is an alternative way to study human fracture behaviour in biomechanics field compared to experimental test in laboratory. The aim of this study is to analyse the stress intensity factor (K) and strain energy release rate (J-integral) when three-point bending test and tensile test are applied on a two-dimensional (2D) cortical bone model developed by using finite element software with different applied loads and crack-to-width ratios. Two methods are used to to evaluate the values of K and J-integral which are Displacement Extrapolation Method (DEM) and CINT method. The values then been compared with other theoretical expression done by other researchers for validation purposes. It has been proved that by using CINT method, the error is very small compared to DEM method. As a result, stress intensity factor values increased as crack-to-width ratio increased and strain energy release rate also increased as crack-to-width ratio and loads increased. It can be concluded that finite element analysis can be used to study the fracture behaviour of human cortical bone. Therefore, researchers can easily study the behaviour of cortical bone using simulation instead of mechanical experiment.
Design and Fabrication of Biodegradable Microneedle Using 3D Rapid Prototyping Printer
Authors: Mansor Nur Hazwani Azyan , Markom Marni Azira , Tan Erdy Sulino Mohd Muslim , Adom Abdul Hamid
Published: November 2019

Microneedle is known as transdermal drug delivery (TDD) devices that uses to deliver biological fluid into veins and needle that use to tear skin to collect blood sample. It involves with various parameters and designs. This device gain attention as its benefit can eliminate pain and more convenient compared to intravenous injection due to its micron size. Typically, microneedle is fabricated using MEMS technology. However, this technology requires few processes such as deposition, etching and moulding, as well as consume much times. This paper presents a work of design and fabrication of solid microneedle using 3D rapid prototype printing. A few types of microneedles are designed and they are analysed in terms of stress and force characteristics. Also, it will study the ability of a few materials to withstand stress while force exerted on it. The selected materials are polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic acid (PLA), polyester resin and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The results show that PVA has the highest ability to withstand force compared other materials. As conclusion, the design and fabrication of microneedle using 3D rapid prototyping printer is succeed using PVA material and real post-analysis can be conducted to test the capability for medical practice.
Atrial Fibrillation Identification through ECG Signals
Authors: Yee Ng Joe , Vijean Vikneswaran , Awang Saidatul Ardeenawatie , Fook Chong Yen , Chin Lim Chee
Published: November 2019

This paper presents an algorithm formulated to identify the atrial fibrillation complications through electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The ECG data for the study was retrieved from Physio Net which consists of normal, atrial fibrillation and other rhythms. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was used to remove baseline wanders. Pan Tompkins algorithm was utilized to detect the P, Q, R, S and T peak and thus the ECG signals were segmented based on each cycle. The morphological features were extracted directly from the time-series while statistical features were extracted after Stockwell transform (S-transform) was applied to the data. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and reliefF algorithm have been applied separately to select the optimum features for classification purpose. Bagged Tree ensemble algorithm, Decision Tree and k-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) algorithm were used as classifiers to identify atrial fibrillation through ECG signals. The classification results with and without feature selection techniques are presented. Prior to the feature selection, Bagged Tree is the classifier best performing classifier with 86.50% of accuracy, 84.38% of sensitivity and 91.94% of specificity. After feature selection, all the three classifiers have almost the same performance which is nearly 100% of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This shows that the proposed combinations of algorithms are reliable and able to improve the identification rate of the normal, atrial fibrillation and other rhythms using lesser number of features.
Image Enhancement Using Modified Partial Contrast Technique in Ziehl-Neelsen Sputum Slide Images
Authors: Raof R. A. A. , Mashor M. Y. , Noor S. S. M.
Published: November 2019

Image contrast and brightness for sputum slide images are among important factors that can affect the accuracy of image analysis process. Microscopic images usually have the problem of low contrast and blurry, which are caused by a couple of factors such as uneven thickness of the slides and manual preparation of the slide in the first place. In this research, image enhancement procedure has been considered for either increasing the image quality, increasing the visibility of tubercle bacilli or to ease the segmentation process. Partial contrast technique is considered for the contrast enhancement method. The results show that the modified technique helps to improve tubercle bacilli visibility. Hence the resulted images would become useful for the microbiologists and technologists for further analysis of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) sputum slide.
Analysis of Radiosonde Temperature Profile Measurement in Pamengpeuk
Authors: Rahayu S A , Maryadi E , Sunarya R , Nugroho G A , Triani L R
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is a tropical maritime country that has high complexity in terms of atmospheric dynamics. Understanding of atmospheric conditions is very important to obtain valid knowledge and atmospheric models. This understanding can be obtained through adequate data support. Vertical atmospheric data is very limited so it is necessary to develop equipment to be able to measure and provide valid data. one of the equipment used to measure the atmosphere vertically is called radiosonde. The development of this radiosonde has been carried out by various parties, one of them by PSTA LAPAN. This development is focused on the antenna system and the accuracy of the temperature data received. The antenna that is designed is an Omni 5/8λ antenna integrated with LNA. Receiving radiosonde data using antenna up to a height of 36 km. The temperature data that has been obtained is validated using radiosonde Vaisala and Meisei data. The temperature analysis is done by using Mean Bias Error (MBE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). After being compared with the reference data, the RMSE values of 1.2 and MBE 2.3 were obtained with a correlation of 0.9. From these results it can be seen that the temperature data obtained is in accordance with atmospheric conditions, so this temperature sensor can be used for vertical atmospheric measurements.
Effect of Wet-Ethanol on Fuel Consumption and Soot Emissions on Direct Injection Diesel Engines with Jatropha and Solar Cold EGR System
Authors: Faoji Ahmad , Syaiful  , Sinaga dan Nazarudin
Published: November 2019

Diesel engines have excellent performance and high efficiency. The increasing use of diesel engines has resulted in increased use of fossil fuels and air pollution. Addition of castor oil to diesel fuel increases smoke emissions due to higher viscosity than diesel fuel. Therefore the addition of wet-methanol in diesel fuel and European oil can solve the problem of diesel engines. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding wet ethanol to fuel consumption and soot diesel engine emissions. The test uses the Isuzu 4JB1 engine equipped with the Cold EGR system. The percentage mixture of wet ethanol fuel is 5%, 10%, and 15% based on volume. The results showed that the addition of Wet-ethanol to diesel and fuel mixtures in Europe caused a decrease in the value of fuel consumption and soot emissions. The highest reduction in smoke opacity occurred on the DJ10WE15 fuel of 16% while the reduction in fuel consumption occurred in DJ10WE10 fuel by 11%.