bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term dynamics of biomass and dominant species of the bottom fish complex in Peter the Great Bay
Authors: Kalchugin P. V.
Published: April 2021

Dynamics of demersal fish biomass is considered on results of trawl surveys conducted in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) in 1977-2015. Fishery did not have a significant impact on this complex of fish species, including both fluctuating species (walleye pollock, arabesque greenling, pacific herring) and species with stable stock, because of low intensity. Annual landings in the bay were much lower than recommended volumes (TAC). However, a tendency to the total biomass decreasing was observed, accompanied with growth of the sculpins (Cottidae) portion in the ratio of species biomass. The sculpins prey on juveniles of many other species, so maybe their higher abundance was one of reasons for general depletion of the benthic fish community. Other predators, as marine mammals, were not abundant in Peter the Great Bay. For rational resource management, the fishery impact should be distributed proportionally between populations, taking into account their state, so both traditional commercial objects and predators with growing abundance should be landed. This ecosystem approach requires permanent monitoring to all groups of fish species.
Copper–Ligand Cooperativity in H2 Activation Enables the Synthesis of Copper Hydride Complexes
Authors: Aloisi Alicia , Crochet Etienne , Nicolas Emmanuel , Berthet Jean-Claude , Lescot Camille , Thuéry Pierre , Cantat Thibault
Published: April 2021

Copper(I) complexes of a new participative triphosphane ligand (2H) have been prepared and structurally characterized, in particular [Cu(2H)I] and [Cu(2)]2. Hydrogenation of the latter species afforded the trimetallic hydride species [Cu3(2)2(µ-H)] or in the presence of BEt3, [Cu(2H)(HBEt3)]. Their formation evidences transient formation of [Cu(2H)H] formed by hydrogenolysis of the Cu‒

N bond of [Cu(2)]2. [Cu(2H)(HBEt3)] behaves like a hydride complex and inserts CO2 to yield the formate product [Cu(2H)(O2CH)].
Titr-DMD – A Rapid, Coarse-Grained Quasi-All-Atom Constant pH Molecular Dynamics Framework
Authors: Reilley David , Alexandrova Anastassia N. , Wang Jian , Dokholyan Nikolay
Published: April 2021

The pH dependence of enzyme fold stability and catalytic activity is a fundamentally dynamic, structural property which is difficult to study. Computational methods, particularly constant pH molecular dynamics (CpHMD), are the best situated tools for this. However, these often struggle with affordable sampling of sufficiently long timescales, accuracy of pKa prediction, and verification of the structures they generate. We introduce Titr-DMD, an affordable CpHMD method with a protonation state sampler that can be systematically improved, to circumvent these issues. We benchmark the method on a set of proteins with experimentally attested pKa and on the pH triggered conformational change in a staphylococcal nuclease mutant, a rare experimental study of such behavior. Our results show Titr-DMD to be an effective method to study pH coupled protein dynamics.
Formation of Formic Acid from Glucose with Simultaneous Conversion of Ag2O to Ag under Mild Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: He Runtian , Xu Jing , Ma Teng , Cheng Jiong , Jin Binbin
Published: April 2021

Formation of formic acid from renewable biomass resources is of great interest since formic acid is a widely used platform chemical and has recently been regarded as an important liquid hydrogen carrier. Herein, a novel approach is reported for the conversion of glucose, the constituent carbohydrate from cellulose fraction of biomass, to formic acid under mild hydrothermal conditions with simultaneous reduction of Ag2O to Ag. Results showed that glucose was selectively converted to formic acid with an optimum yield of 40.7% at a mild reaction temperature of 135 for 30 min. In addition, Ag2O was used as a solid oxidant for the glucose oxidation, which avoids the use of traditionally dangerous liquid oxidant H2O2. Furthermore, complete conversion of Ag2O to Ag can be achieved. This study not only developed a new method for value-added chemical production from renewable biomass but also explored an alternative low-carbon and energy-saving route for silver extraction and recovery.
Electronics Communication and Photoinduced Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Hybrid Ru(II)-Re(I) Complexes Using Eigenstate-Based and Diabatic-State-Based Models
Authors: Ketkaew Rangsiman
Published: April 2021

Photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer (PIET) plays a vital role in the efficiency of electronics communication in transition metal complexes catalysing oxidation-reduction reaction. In this work, we theoretically calculate the rate of electron transfer(ET) in Ru(II)-BL-Ru(I) hybrid complexes; where BL is bridging ligand. A brief concept of ET in the basis of Marcus theory, which is extended to address a variety of different type of ET, is provided. We show that, in the case of Ru(II)-BL-Ru(I) complex, ET involves a non-adiabatic state which thanks to a fast electronics communication between donor and acceptor connected by BL and becomes rigid complex. Single electron transferring in Ru(II)-BL-Ru(I) complex governed by PIET constructed by potential energy curve as change of structural transformation over time-evolution. We also investigate the mechanism of PIET involving a redox reaction in excited state, wherein the oxidation state of Ru(II) (donor) and Ru(I) (acceptor) changes. To access non-adiabatic state of Ru(II)-BL-Ru(I), we use constrained density functional theory to allow ground state calculation to be performed along with geometry constraints. We also systematically study the role of distance of donor-acceptor separation on kinetics of PIET
Multimodule Assembly Strategy for Diverted Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Determination of Laingolide A and Laingolide
Authors: Cui Chengsen , Lai Yecai , Dai Wei-Min
Published: April 2021

Diverted total synthesis of diastereomers of laingolide A and laingolide has been accomplished and the stereochemistry of both (E)-enamide-containing 15-membered macrolides has been assigned. Laingolide A and laingolide have 3 and 4 stereogenic centers, respectively, and only their planar structures were reported. The former has 4 possible diastereomers while the latter has up to 8 diastereomers. A multimodule assembly (MMA) strategy was utilized to disconnect both target molecules into 5 small structural modules among which only one stereochemically varied module (stereo-module) needed to be prepared with other 4 modules available commercially. A sequence of ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and alkene isomerization was used for construction of the macrocyclic skeleton and installation of the (E)-enamide moiety. Four each diastereomers of laingolide A and laingolide have been synthesized, leading to assignment of (2R*,7R*,9S*) and (2R*,4R*,7R*,9S*) relative stereochemistry for laingolide A and laingolide, respectively. Moreover, according to the (2S,9R) absolute configuration of the congener, laingolide B, the (2S,7S,9R) and (2S,4S,7S,9R) absolute configurations are suggested for laingolide A and laingolide, respectively. The current synthetic efforts reveal, for the first time, that both laingolide A and laingolide possess the 7,9-syn-Me/t-Bu subunit.
Strength and Nature of Host-Guest Interactions in Metal-Organic Frameworks from a Quantum-Chemical Perspective
Authors: Ernst Michelle , Gryn'ova Ganna
Published: April 2021

Metal-organic frameworks offer a convenient means for capturing, transporting, and releasing small molecules. Rational design of such systems requires an in-depth understanding of the underlying non-covalent interactions, and the ability to easily and rapidly pre-screen candidate architectures in silico. In this work, we devised a recipe for computing the strength and analysing the nature of the host-guest interactions in MOFs. Using experimentally characterised complexes of calcium-adipate framework with 4,4’-bipyridine and 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane guests as test systems, we have assessed a range of density functional theory methods, energy decomposition schemes, and non-covalent interactions indicators across realistic periodic and finite supramolecular cluster scales. We find that appropriately constructed clusters readily reproduce the key interactions occurring in periodic models at a fraction of the computational cost and with an added benefit of diverse density partitioning schemes. Host-guest interaction energies can be reliably computed with dispersion- corrected density functional theory methods; however, decoding their precise nature demands insights from energy decomposition schemes and quantum-chemical tools beyond local bonding indices (e.g., the quantum theory of atoms in molecules), such as the non-covalent interactions index and the density overlap regions indicator.
Hydrothermal Water Enabling One-Pot Transformation of Amines to Alcohols
Authors: Wu Lanxin , Cheng Jiong , Wang Xiaoguang , Yang Yang
Published: April 2021

While the amination of primary alcohols to amines is quite normal, the reverse reaction, deamination of amines to alcohols is rare. Recent advances achieve the transformation by catalytic multistep processes. We report a one-pot method that enables water nucleophilic attack of amines through the unique catalytic role of hydrothermal water. By achieving dehydrogenation of amines or building targeting group, we fulfilled amines transformation by subsequent reduction or direct deamination, which could further link to the utilization of naturally abundant glutamic acid. The method avoids oxidants, catalysts or multistep, thus achieves simple, green and selective transformation of primary amines.
Structural Variation of BRD4-BD1 Complexes
Authors: Guest Ellen , Pickett Stephen , Hirst Jonathan
Published: April 2021

The bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain(BET) family, plays a key role in several diseases, especially cancers. With increased interest in BRD4 as atherapeutic target, over 300 X-ray crystal structures of the protein in complex with small molecule inhibitorshave become publicly available over the recent decade. In this study, we use this structural information toinvestigate the conformations of the first bromodomain (BD1) of BRD4. Structural alignment shows a highlevel of similarity between the structures of BRD4-BD1, regardless of the bound ligand. We employ WONKA,a tool for detailed analyses of protein binding sites, to compare the active site of over 100 crystal structures,with a focus on the highly conserved network of water molecules, which line the binding pocket of BRD4-BD1.The analysis presented in this work helps guide the selection of the best structure of BRD4-BD1 to use instructure-based drug design, an important approach for faster and more cost-efficient lead discovery.
Water as Hydrogen Source for Highly Efficient Conversion of Biomass-Derived Levulinic Acid into γ-Valerolactone over Raney Ni Catalyst
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Jin Binbin , Guo Yalin , Li Xuejun , Yao Guodong , Zhou Yangyuan
Published: April 2021

Gamma (γ)-valerolactone (GVL) is a promising liquid for energy and carbon-based chemicals. Although many researches regarding the GVL synthesis from carbohydrate biomass, most of them involve the use of noble metals accompanying with the high-purity and high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, existing high cost in large-scale application and safety risk during the transportation and operation process. In this paper, the cheap metal Fe was employed as a reductant for splitting water to produce hydrogen under mild hydrothermal conditions, and commercial Raney Ni was used as a catalyst for in situ hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid (LA). More than 95% yield of GVL can be attained at 150 oC for 2 h and ~ 90% yield of GVL was also achieved at 100 oC by increasing the reaction time to 5 h. Furthermore, Raney Ni remains the stable catalytic activity after being recycled for 4 times at 150 oC. This work provides a safe and facile process for highly efficient hydrogenation of biomass-derived LA to GVL without precious metals.
Adiabatic versus Non-Adiabatic Electron Transfer at 2D Electrode Materials
Authors: Liu Dan-Qing , Kang Minkyung , Perry David , Chen Chang-Hui , West Geoff , Xia Xue , Laker Zachary P.L. , Wilson Neil R. , Melander Marko , Maurer Reinhard , Unwin Patrick R.
Published: April 2021

Outer-sphere electron transfer (OS-ET) is a cornerstone elementary electrochemical reaction, yet microscopic understanding is largely based on idealized theories, developed in isolation from experiments that themselves are often close to the kinetic (diffusion) limit. Focusing on graphene as-grown on a copper substrate as a model 2D material/metal-supported electrode system, this study resolves the key electronic interactions in OS-ET, and identifies the role of graphene in modulating the electronic properties of the electrode/electrolyte interface. An integrated experimental-theoretical approach combining co-located multi-microscopy, centered on scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), with Raman microscopy and field emission-scanning electron microscopy, together with rate theory and density functional theory calculations is used to address OS-ET kinetics of hexaamineruthenium (III/II) chloride, [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+. The experimental methodology allows spatially-resolved electrochemical measurements to be targeted at distinct regions of monolayer, bilayer and multilayer graphene on copper, with high diffusion rates, to reveal ET kinetics in the order: monolayer > bilayer > multilayer. Theoretical and computational methods combining the Schmickler-Newns-Anderson model, transition state theory, and constant potential DFT reveal that the difference in kinetics at monolayer and bilayer graphene can be rationalized in the context of a dominantly adiabatic mechanism, where the addition of subsequent graphene layers increases the contact potential, producing an increase in the effective barrier to electron transfer. This study provides a roadmap for the integration of experiments and theory in order to understand the nature of heterogeneous electron transfer at complex nanostructured electrode materials.
Copper-Catalyzed Selective Arylation of Oxadiazolones by Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Soldatova Natalia , Semenov Artem , Geyl Kirill , Baykov Sergey , Shetnev Anton , Konstantinova Anna , Korsakov Mikhail , Yusubov Mekhman , Postnikov Pavel
Published: April 2021

The direct N-arylation of cyclic amides can be considered a pivotal issue for modern organic chemistry. Here, we report the method for copper-catalyzed N-arylation of diverse oxadiazolones by diaryliodonium salts in mild conditions in high yields (up to 92%) using available CuI as a catalyst. The developed method allows to efficiently utilize both symmetric and unsymmetric diaryliodonium salts bearing auxiliary groups such as 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl (TMP). The evaluation of steric effects in aryl moieties to the chemoselectivity of N- and O-arylation of the 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones exhibited the high potential of mesityl-substituted diaryliodonium salts as a selective arylation reagent. The structural study suggests that steric accessibility of N-atom in 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones impact to arylation with sterically hindered diaryliodonium salts. The synthetic application of proposed method was also demonstrated on selective arylation of 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones and 1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-thiol.
Polyplex-Loaded Hydrogels for Local Gene Delivery to Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Duran-Mota Jose Antonio , Quintanas Yani Júlia , Almquist Benjamin , Borrós Salvador , Oliva Nuria , Oliva-Jorge Nuria
Published: April 2021

Impaired cutaneous healing, leading to chronic wounds, affects between 2 and 6% of the total population in most developed countries and it places a substantial burden on healthcare budgets. Current treatments involving antibiotic dressings and mechanical debridement are often not effective, causing severe pain, emotional distress and social isolation in patients for years or even decades, ultimately resulting in limb amputation. Alternatively, gene therapy (such as mRNA therapies) emerges as a viable option to promote wound healing through modulation of gene expression. However, protecting the genetic cargo from degradation and efficient transfection into primary cells remain significant challenges in the push to clinical translation. Another limiting aspect of current therapies is the lack of sustained release of drugs to match the therapeutic window. Herein, we have developed an injectable, biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogel-based wound dressing that delivers pBAE nanoparticles in a sustained manner over a range of therapeutic windows. We also demonstrate that pBAE nanoparticles, successfully used in previous in vivo studies, protect the mRNA load and efficiently transfect human dermal fibroblasts upon sustained release from the hydrogel wound dressing. This prototype wound dressing technology can enable the development of novel gene therapies for the treatment of chronic wounds.
N-Phenylputrescine (NPP): A Natural Product Inspired Amine Donor for Biocatalysis
Authors: McKenna Catherine , Štiblariková Mária , De Silvestro Irene , Campopiano Dominic , Lawrence Andrew
Published: April 2021

The synthesis of chiral amines in enantioenriched form is a keystone reaction in applied chemical synthesis. There is a strong push to develop greener and more sustainable alternatives to the metal-catalysed methods currently used in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fine chemical industries. A biocatalytic approach using transaminase (TA or ATA) enzymes to convert prochiral ketones to chiral amines with unparalleled levels of enantioselectivity is highly appealing. However, the use of TA enzymes in synthesis is severely hampered by the unfavourable thermodynamics associated with the amine donor/acceptor equilibrium. Several ‘smart’ amine donors have been developed that leverage chemical and physical driving forces to overcome this challenging equilibrium. Alongside this strategy, enzyme engineering is typically required to develop TAs compatible with these non-physiological amine donors and the unnatural reaction conditions they require. We herein disclose N-phenylputrescine (NPP) as a readily accessible amine donor, inspired by the biosynthesis of the dipyrroloquinoline alkaloids. NPP is compatible with a broad range of synthetically useful TA biocatalysts and performs across an unparalleled variety of reaction conditions (pH and temperature). Synthetic applicability has been demonstrated through the synthesis of the anti-diabetic drug sitagliptin, delivering the product in excellent enantiopurity using just two equivalents of NPP
Toward Elusive Iodoplumbic Acid HPbI3: High-Energy Isochoric Synthesis of Hydronium Forms of the PbI3- Anion at Elevated Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Sobczak Szymon , M. Fidelli Athena , Do Jean-Louis , Demopoulos George P. , Moores Audrey , Friscic Tomislav , Katrusiak Andrzej
Published: April 2021

High-pressure and -temperature crystallization and X-ray diffraction crystallography have revealed hydronium forms of the proposed but never demonstrated iodoplumbic acid HPbI3. Depending on the pressure range, the reaction of PbI2 and aqueous concentrated hydriodic acid under isochoric conditions in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) held between 0.11 and 1.20 GPa produces two hydrated hydronium salts with compositions [H3O][PbI3].nH2O (n=3,4). Comprised of polymeric one-dimensional PbI3- anions, these hydronium salts represent the so far best match for the elusive HPbI3 progenitor of hybrid lead perovskites. We also reveal a new three-dimensional polymorph of lead iodide (PbI2), so far known only as a layered structure.
Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Bromides and Aliphatic Aldehydes
Authors: Cruz Cole , Montgomery John
Published: April 2021

We report the development of a mild, convenient coupling of aliphatic aldehydes and unactivated alkyl bromides. The catalytic system features the use of a common Ni(II) precatalyst and a readily available bisoxazoline ligand and affords silyl-protected secondary alcohols. The reaction is operationally simple, utilizing Mn as a stoichiometric reductant, and tolerates a wide range of functional groups. Initial mechanistic experiments support a mechanism featuring an alpha-silyloxy Ni species which undergoes formal oxidative addition of the alkyl bromide species via a reductive cross-coupling pathway.
Quantification of phytochemical constituents in sixteen commonly consumed green leafy vegetables
Authors: Anusha Anish  , Sherena P A  , Annamala P T  , Mukkadan J K
Published: April 2021

Sixteen green leafy vegetables - curry leaves (Murraya koenigii), fenugreek (methi) leaves (Trigonella foenum-graecum), coriander leaves (Coriandrum sativum), broccoli leaves (Brassica oleracea), bay leaves (Laurus nobilis), oregano leaves (Origanum vulgare), marjoram leaves (Origanum majorana), basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum), pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius), sage leaves (Salvia officinalis), thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris), lemon grass leaves (Cymbopogon citratus), kaffirlime leaves (Citrus hystrix) and parsley leaves (Petroselinum crispum) were collected and analysed for the determination of major phytochemicals (polyphenols, flavonoids, chlorophills and xanthophylls). Basil leaves, sage leaves and oregano leaves were found to be rich in total polyphenols., basil leaves, mint leaves and thyme leaves were rich in flavonoids., coriander leaves, mint leaves and spinach leaves were rich in chlorophills., and coriander leaves, curry leaves and fenugreek leaves were found to be rich xanthophylls (carotenoids). This information will pave the way for selecting specific vegetables for the isolation and characterisation of individual phytochemical and its application in studying antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
Highly accurate and New approach for quantiϐication of Gramicidin in medication by RP-HPLC
Authors: Naveen V M K  , Veeraswami B
Published: April 2021

A significant Reverse Phase-High performance Liquid Chromatography technique was developed for a more accurate, unique and quick economical method was developed for the analysis of Gramicidin in medication dosage forms. The separation of this drug Gramicidin was done by using the X-Bridge phenyl column as a stationary phase, and a mixture of acetonitrile + buffer in 50:50 v/v ratio was used as a movable phase. The buffer used in this method was Octane sulphonic acid of pH-2.5 adjusted with OPA. The maximum absorbance of eluents was observed at 235 nm. A specific flow rate (1 ml/minute) was maintained throughout the runtime of 8 min. The selected drug is eluted at 2.49 minutes. The selected drug obeys Beer Lambert's law in the concentration range of 0.5-7.5 µg/ml of Gramicidin. The percentage of recovery was found to be within the acceptable limit. The selected approach was corroborated with ICH standard ground rules, and the results of parameters like method precision, accuracy, ruggedness, robustness, and degradation studies were found to be within the allowable limit. Thus, the present method was successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of Gramicidin in routine industrial work.
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY. SUBJECT, OBJECTAND TASKS OF SIENSE
Authors: Тихомиров Олег Алексеевич
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматриваются проблемы экологической географии, объекты, предмет и основные задачи научного направления, предлагается трактовка понятия эколого-географической ситуации.

The article discusses the problems of ecological geography, objects, subject and main tasks of the scientific direction, offers an interpretation of the concept of ecological-geographical situation.
Mitochondrial Aurora kinase A induces mitophagy by interacting with MAP1LC3 and Prohibitin 2
Authors: Bertolin Giulia , Alves-Guerra Marie-Clotilde , Cheron Angélique , Burel Agnès , Prigent Claude , Le Borgne Roland , Tramier Marc
Published: April 2021

Epithelial and haematologic tumours often show the overexpression of the serine/threonine kinase AURKA. Recently, AURKA was shown to localise at mitochondria, where it regulates mitochondrial dynamics and ATP production. Here we define the molecular mechanisms of AURKA in regulating mitochondrial turnover by mitophagy. AURKA triggers the degradation of Inner Mitochondrial Membrane/matrix proteins by interacting with core components of the autophagy pathway. On the inner mitochondrial membrane, the kinase forms a tripartite complex with MAP1LC3 and the mitophagy receptor PHB2, which triggers mitophagy in a PARK2/Parkin–independent manner. The formation of the tripartite complex is induced by the phosphorylation of PHB2 on Ser39, which is required for MAP1LC3 to interact with PHB2. Last, treatment with the PHB2 ligand xanthohumol blocks AURKA-induced mitophagy by destabilising the tripartite complex and restores normal ATP production levels. Altogether, these data provide evidence for a role of AURKA in promoting mitophagy through the interaction with PHB2 and MAP1LC3. This work paves the way to the use of function-specific pharmacological inhibitors to counteract the effects of the overexpression of AURKA in cancer.
Crystal structure of inhibitor-bound human MSPL that can activate high pathogenic avian influenza
Authors: Ohno Ayako , Maita Nobuo , Tabata Takanori , Nagano Hikaru , Arita Kyohei , Ariyoshi Mariko , Uchida Takayuki , Nakao Reiko , Ulla Anayt , Sugiura Kosuke , Kishimoto Koji , Teshima-Kondo Shigetada , Okumura Yuushi , Nikawa Takeshi
Published: April 2021

Infection of certain influenza viruses is triggered when its HA is cleaved by host cell proteases such as proprotein convertases and type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSP). HA with a monobasic motif is cleaved by trypsin-like proteases, including TMPRSS2 and HAT, whereas the multibasic motif found in high pathogenicity avian influenza HA is cleaved by furin, PC5/6, or MSPL. MSPL belongs to the TMPRSS family and preferentially cleaves [R/K]-K-K-R↓ sequences. Here, we solved the crystal structure of the extracellular region of human MSPL in complex with an irreversible substrate-analog inhibitor. The structure revealed three domains clustered around the C-terminal α-helix of the SPD. The inhibitor structure and its putative model show that the P1-Arg inserts into the S1 pocket, whereas the P2-Lys and P4-Arg interacts with the Asp/Glu-rich 99-loop that is unique to MSPL. Based on the structure of MSPL, we also constructed a homology model of TMPRSS2, which is essential for the activation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and infection. The model may provide the structural insight for the drug development for COVID-19.
Prerequisites, reasons and course of choosing the khan dignity of the sultan Uali
Authors: Beisembayeva A. R. , Kabuldinov Z. E.
Published: April 2021

The historical personality of Uali Khan is rarely mentioned in research. Uali Khan was a legitimate ruler, also internationally recognized by the Qing and Russian empires, Uali Khan remained in history the last ruler of the Kazakhs of the Middle Zhuz. In this article, we consider those aspects that reveal some of the answers to the questions of how Sultan Uali came to power, what ups and downs could have taken place on the eve of the rite of the election of a Khan among the Chingizids, the time of this election and the proclamation of the Khan. Uali continued the work of the great Ablai Khan to a certain extent, and he held back the political interests of the Russian and Qing empires at a level sufficient to cause fears of a demonstration of open expansion. The process of election to the khan dignity of Uali and the recognition of the title of the ruler of the Kazakhs of the Middle and part of the Senior Zhuzes in neighboring empires is not a simple coincidence and had certain prerequisites for that. The authors see in the events under consideration a certain fundamental basis of the political views and aspirations of Sultan Uali, which was subsequently projected for the entire period of his almost forty-year rule by the Kazakhs of the Middle Zhuz.
Investment Valuation of Modern Business Models
Authors: Stepnov I. M. , Kovalchuk J. A.
Published: April 2021

The paper's purpose is to identify the changes in investment decision-making processes in the hybrid (traditional and digital) economy. It is hypothesized that business models and the digital environment change the classical prerequisites for making investment decisions, and this needs to be reflected in the investment valuation. Methods of system and critical analysis, value-oriented approach are used. The predominance of competition between business models (including within ecosystems), rather than organizations, and the reduction of the investor's need for the organizational and legal design of the investment object with a variety of digital solutions are established. It is argued that the investment potential of a modern business model is influenced by the organizational architecture, the infrastructure, the value formed by the consumer, communication and interaction with the immutability of the supply. The authors developed the business model's architecture with the allocation of nine basic elements and options for investment decisions in order to reflect the increasing design complexity and individualism of the business model. New cost factors for investment evaluation of business models are identified, including digital rent, pricing approaches, digital paradox, ecosystem protection from the market, etc. The qualitative features of an effective business model are established while maintaining a quantitative assessment based on the generated cash flow. The deduction is that as the complexity of business models increases and it is possible to integrate digital business metrics and traditional financial indicators. However, at present it is advisable to maintain the existing methodology of investment assessment, supplemented with new qualitative adjustments.
Çevrimiçi Öz Ve Akran Geribildirimlerin Biçimlendirici Niteliğini Belirlemeye Yönelik Analitik Rubrik Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: TEKE Fethiye , KAYA Osman Nafiz , KAYA Zehra
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, çevrimiçi ortamda sunulan öz ve akran geribildirimlerin ne düzeyde biçimlendirici olduğunu belirlemek için “Biçimlendirici Geribildirim Değerlendirme Rubriği’’ geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır. “Biçimlendirici geribildirim” kavramıyla ilgili alanyazındaki araştırmalardan ve uzman görüşlerinden yararlanılarak geliştirilen analitik rubrik, üç ana boyut (bilişsel, duyuşsal, yapı-şekil) ve dokuz alt boyuttan (odak, içerik, amaç, değer, öz saygı, tavır, organizasyon, anlaşılırlık, biçim) oluşturulmuştur. Güvenilirlik çalışması kapsamında, değerlendirmeciler arası uyum rs =0,80-0.84 ve dört ay arayla yapılan değerlendirmeler arası tekrar uyumu rs =0,87 olarak bulunmuştur. Geliştirilen rubriğin, çevrimiçi ortamlarda sağlanan yazılı geribildirimlerin biçimlendirici olma düzeylerini belirlemede, etkin şekilde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca rubrik, farklı çevrimiçi sistem ve ortamlara uygun olarak düzenlenerek, içinde bulunduğumuz COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde, çevrimiçi ortamlarda sunulan geribildirimin niteliğini belirlemede ve geliştirmede bir araç olarak kullanılabilir.
Maximal stability limits in adolescents with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Mariève Blanchet , François Prince , Martin Lemay , Sylvain Chouinard , Julie Messier
Published: April 2021

We explored if adolescents with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) had functional postural control impairments and how these deficits are linked to a disturbance in the processing and integration of sensory information. We evaluated the displacements of the center of pressure (COP) during maximal leaning in four directions (forward, backward, rightward, leftward) and under three sensory conditions (eyes open, eyes closed, eyes closed standing on foam). GTS adolescents showed deficits in postural stability and in lateral postural adjustments but they had similar maximal COP excursion than the control group. The postural performance of the GTS group was poorer in the eyes open condition (time to phase 1 onset, max-mean COP). Moreover, they displayed a poorer ability to maintain the maximum leaning position under the eyes open condition during mediolateral leaning tasks. By contrast, during forward leaning, they showed larger min-max ranges than control subjects while standing on the foam with the eyes closed. Together, these findings support the idea that GTS produces subclinical postural control deficits. Importantly, our results suggest that postural control disorders in GTS are highly sensitive to voluntary postural leaning tasks which have high demand for multimodal sensory integration.
Factors associated with zinc prescription practice among children with diarrhea who visited public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Abenezer Woldegebriel , Mesfin Beyero , Alemneh Kabeta Daba
Published: April 2021

Background: Diarrhea and nutrient deficiency worsen each other, and zinc is recommended to be included in clinical management of diarrhea. Therefore, this investigation was done to assess zinc prescription practice to children with diarrhea, identify factors associated with zinc prescription, and assess caregivers’ zinc’s perceived cost and willingness to pay for. Methods: A health institution based cross-sectional study was done. Caretakers of 609 children with diarrhea attending health centers in Addis Ababa were included. Logistic regression was applied to identify variables associated with zinc prescription. Results: Zinc was prescribed to 62.1% of children. About 74.9% of the caregivers were willing to pay for zinc. Previous use of zinc (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.34-4.01), exposure to zinc related message (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.53-4.60) and willingness to pay for zinc (AOR = 6.9; 95% CI: 3.84-12.66) were associated with zinc prescription. Conclusion: Zinc was not administered to considerable proportion of children with diarrhea. Previous use of zinc, exposure to zinc related message and willingness to pay for positively contributed to zinc prescription. Health care workers shall be encouraged on zinc prescription. Intervention to increase willingness to pay for zinc and zinc benefit communication shall be strengthened in parallel with operational researches.
Implementation of Protection Services for Women and Children Victims of Violence at Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta: An Institutional
Authors: Khozin Muhammad , Faidati Nur , Katon Mahendra Gerry
Published: April 2021

Cases of violence against women and children in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) in 2019 has reached 1,469 cases. This condition requires a special attention from the Government. The implementation of protection services for women and children victims of violence in DIY is carried out by P2TPAKK "Rekso Dyah Utami". This institution has been established and served the community since 2004. However, the existence of P2TPAKK "Rekso Dyah Utami" began to be interrupted by the Regulation of the Minister of Women Empowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesia No. 9 of 2016 on Guidelines for the Nomenclature of Regional Apparatus in the  Field  of Women Empowerment and Child  Protection which mandates that service providers for the protection of women and children victims of violence must take the form of Technical Service Unit (UPTD). This raises a dilemma for the DIY government. Then, what is the suitable institutional format for the implementation of the service for DIY government? This study employed a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using a desk study and a FGD. The parties involved in this FGD were the Office of Women Empowerment of DIY, P2TPAKK "Rekso Dyah Utami", and other stakeholders. The  data were analyzed through descriptive qualitative and SWOT analysis. The  study revealed that the service delivery was well established. However, the SWOT analysis found that there were still a number of problems that were not recognized by the central government as an institution. Therefore, to keep the services to the community, the DIY government is recommended to form an UPTD structure and organizational’s resources engineering.
Veinte barreras que impiden hablar de sexualidad con niñas, niños y adolescentes. Guía para madres, padres y cuidadores
Authors: Rojas Martínez Ángela María
Published: April 2021

En diversos estudios se ha identificado que aquellos programas de educación de la sexualidad en los que hay más involucramiento parental logran un mayor impacto en el bienestar de niñas, niños y jóvenes; sin embargo, la evidencia indica que la mayoría de madres, padres y cuidadores tiene dificultades para hablar de sexualidad. El objetivo de este libro es ayudarte a identificar y superar veinte barreras que te impiden resolver con éxito diversas situaciones que suelen presentarse en la educación de la sexualidad de niñas, niños y jóvenes, lo que te permitirá participar en mayor medida, incluir en tus actividades cotidianas información sobre sexualidad basada en evidencia y crear espacios seguros que promuevan la comunicación sobre el desarrollo de la sexualidad. Todo ello por medio de una metodología basada en los principios del aprendizaje activo, autónomo y participativo, que te facilitan aplicar el contenido desde el primer capítulo y, si lo deseas, replicarlo en diversos contextos.
Los herederos del pasado. Indígenas y pensamiento criollo en Colombia Venezuela. Volumen II
Authors: Langebaek Carl Henrik
Published: April 2021

Los herederos del pasado hace un seguimiento histórico de la apropiación del indígena y de su historia por parte de los criollos de Colombia y Venezuela. Comienza con la manera como se representó al indígena durante la conquista española y continúa con el nacimiento de la idea de que su pasado formaba parte de la historia de los descendientes de los conquistadores, hasta llegar al momento en el cual los criollos hablan de “nuestros indios”. El autor propone que la imagen idealizada del indígena no tiene como referente al propio indígena, sino al criollo que utiliza al nativo para representarse a sí mismo, especialmente en referencia con el extranjero. La obra reflexiona también sobre la relación entre el pensamiento europeo y el norteamericano con respecto al habitante del trópico y las respuestas de los criollos, cuyo pensamiento se presenta como complejo y rico, aunque se controvierte su pretendido carácter original y liberador. Por el contrario, propone que la apropiación de lo indígena como “nuestro” tiene un propósito colonial. En otras palabras, la visión positiva del indígena no es un acto de generosidad ni de reconocimiento, sino que es inherente a una ideología de dominación.
Automated Blood Sampling in a Canine Telemetry Cardiovascular Model
Authors: Wilsey Amanda S , Koshman Yevgeniya E , Weisbecker Debra A , Bird Brandan M , Mirakhur Kuldip K , Sadilek Sabine , Ebert Paige A , Polakowski James S , Foley C Michael , Medina Chris L , Mittelstadt Scott W
Published: April 2021

Successful implementation of automated blood sampling (ABS) into a telemetry instrumented canine cardiovascular model provides simultaneous cardiovascular assessment of novel compounds while collecting multiple blood samples for analysis of drug level, cytokines, and biomarkers. Purpose-bred
male Beagle dogs (n = 36) were instrumented with a dual-pressure telemetry transmitter and vascular access port. Modifications to acclimation practices, surgical procedures, and housing were required for implementation of ABS in our established cardiovascular canine telemetry colony.
These modifications have increased the use and reproducibility of the model by combining early pharmacokinetic and cardiovascular studies, thus achieving both refinement and reduction from a 3R perspective. In addition, the modified model can shorten timelines and reduce the compound requirement
in early stages of drug development. This telemetry–ABS model provides an efficient means to quickly identify potential effects on key cardiovascular parameters in a large animal species and to obtain a more complete pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic profile for discovery compounds.
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS UTILIZATION OF DOMESTIC WASTE FOR BAR SOAP AND ENZYM CLEANNER (ECOENZYM) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN SABUN
Authors: Saifuddin S. , Syahyadi Rizal , Nahar N. , Bahri Syamsul
Published: April 2021

Ecoenzym merupakan olahan fermentasi limbah dapur organik seperti ampas buah dan sayuran, gula (gula coklat, gula merah atau gula tebu), dan air. Warnanya coklat gelap dan memiliki aroma fermentasi asam manis yang kuat. Tujuan dari Ecoenzym ini sendiri ialah untuk mengolah enzim dari sampah organik yang biasanya kita buang ke dalam tong sampah sebagai pembersih organik. Eco-Enzyme bisa menjadi cairan multiguna dan aplikasinya meliputi rumah tangga, pertanian dan juga peternakan. Pada dasarnya, eco enzyme mempercepat reaksi bio-kimia di alam untuk menghasilkan enzim yang berguna menggunakan sampah buah atau sayuran. Enzim dari “sampah” ini adalah salah satu cara manajemen sampah yang memanfaatkan sisa-sisa dapur untuk sesuatu yang sangat bermanfaat. Cairan ini bisa menjadi pembersih rumah, maupun sebagai pupuk alami dan pestisidia yang efektif. Home industri (UMKM) pengolah Ecoenzym Ibu Susi Yuliana merupakan sekelompok usaha pengolah enzym di Kabupaten Aceh Utara yang menjadi mitra kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini. UMKM tersebut berlokasi di Jl. Medan Banda Aceh, Lr. Tgk. Di Balee, Kec. Dewantara. Mitra mempunyai beberapa permasalahan yang menyangkut tentang produktivitas dan kualitas Ecoenzym yang dihasilkan. Permasalahan tersebut dikarenakan proses yang sudah ada menghasilkan sabun yang kurang berbusa, bahan baku terlalu mahal, dan membutuhkan waktu lama untuk membersihkan noda, dengan adanya program pengabdian ini maka akan memberi workhshop untuk menganalisa khusus nya limbah sampah organik teutama sampah kulit buah-buahan dengan mengaplikasikannya sebagai bahan baku pembuatan sabun yang mempunyai kemampuan/ daya pembersih yang kuat. Untuk itu diberi solusi untuk permasalahan yang telah diuraikan sebelumnya yaitu dengan memberikan wawasan mengenai pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga, mengapa limbah rumah tangga harus diolah.
PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN DATA MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE UNTUK DOSEN FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sawitri Harvina , Yuziani Yuziani
Published: April 2021

Dosen, sebagai salah satu komponen penting dalam dunia pendidikan perguruan tinggi, membutuhkan sejumlah keterampilan yang termasuk dalam hard skills yang berguna bagi mereka dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya dalam tri dharma perguruan tinggi yaitu pendidikan dan pengajaran, penelitian dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Oleh karenanya dosen dituntut untuk memiliki kemampuan mengelola data (data management) yang umumnya diperoleh melalui training. Sejumlah training yang terkait dengan pengelolaan data diperlukan oleh dosen karena sangat berguna dalam berbagai aktivitas ilmiah seperti penelitian. Salah satu training yang dibutuhkan adalah keterampilan menggunakan teknologi komputer dengan menggunakan software atau aplikasi tertentu yang dapat menunjang aktivitas ilmiah dosen. Tujuan kegiatan manajemen data bagi dosen di lingkungan FK Unimal tahun 2020 ini adalah meningkatkan keterampilan dosen dalam mengelola data (data management) pada sejumlah kegiatan dalam tri dharma perguruan tinggi, mengetahui penggunaan sejumlah software dan aplikasi yang dapat menunjang aktivitas tri dharma perguruan tinggi dan membangun kemandirian dosen dalam aktivitas mengelola data seperti memasukkan (input) data, mengolah data, menganalisis data, dan presentasi data. Metode pelaksaan pelatihan menggunakan pendekatan antara lain orientasi dimana dosen diberikan informasi tentang manajemen data dan manajemen data statistic ( software atau aplikasi ), training mengajarkan manajemen data dan manajemen data statistic (software atau aplikasi) untuk mendapatkan kemampuan hard skill dan melakukan percobaan untuk penerapan manajemen data dan manajemen data statistic (software atau aplikasi) ke masing-masing dosen. Hasil dan luaran yang diperoleh adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan dosen dalam manajemen data dan penggunaan aplikasi yang mendukung terlaksananya tridharma perguruan tinggi, terbitnya berita di media massa online dan submitted artikel pada jurnal nasional tidak terakreditasi.
El paradigma de paz imperfecta en un campamento de refugiados: empoderamiento pacificista de adolescentes saharauis
Authors: Espinel Rubio Gladys Adriana , Feo-Ardila Diana Yamile
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: identificar el paradigma de la paz imperfecta sustentado en el empoderamiento pacifista, construido a través de la identidad de resistencia y la transmisión de la memoria histórica en un grupo de adolescentes residentes en el campamento de refugiados saharauis en Tinduf, Argelia. Metodología: se trata de una investigación cualitativa, enfocada desde el construccionismo social. Por medio de la fotoelicitación, también se aplicó la cartografía social y la creación artística, además de grupos focales y entrevistas semiestructuradas, como instrumentos de recolección de información. Resultados: se recuperaron las narrativas, sentires, inquietudes y vivencias de nueve adolescentes, reconociéndolos como sujetos portadores y generadores de conocimientos, que dan cuenta de sus percepciones y alternativas sobre su pasado, presente y futuro. También se halló que la historia de resistencia del pueblo saharaui se constituye en ejemplo de empoderamiento pacifista, pues éstos se reconocen y recrean cotidianamente desde sus prácticas discursivas y sus apuestas comunitarias pacíficas, así como en el fortalecimiento de su tejido social, basado en valores como la cooperación y la solidaridad. Conclusiones: se concluye que la paz imperfecta se dilucida como un proceso y/o un camino inacabado, en dónde las realidades sociales y ambientales evolucionan, estando en continuo movimiento, así como las conflictividades.
El perfil docente constructor de paz: concepciones emergentes desde la escuela en el posconflicto colombiano
Authors: Ortega Iglesias Jorge Mario , Valencia Espejo Victor Enrique
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: caracterizar las concepciones del perfil docente constructor de paz de estudiantes y profesores en escuelas públicas ubicadas en zonas de posconflicto colombiano. Metodología: Se contempló un diseño de investigación no experimental, descriptivo, de corte transversal, mediante el uso de la técnica de Redes Semánticas Naturales Modificadas (RSNM). En el estudio participaron 233 estudiantes y 36 profesores seleccionados a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, quienes asisten a cuatro instituciones educativas oficiales del sector rural (zona priorizada por el posconflicto) localizadas en la zona troncal del caribe de la ciudad de Santa Marta, en el departamento del Magdalena. Para el análisis y procesamiento de los datos se tuvieron en cuenta las categorías de la técnica RSNM: Tamaño de la Red (J), Frecuencia (F), Peso Semántico (M), Grupo SAM, Distancia Semántica (FMG) y Densidad de la Red (G); complementadas por el método Importancia Frecuencia (IF) y el análisis consensual de las RSNM configuradas por los diferentes grupos poblacionales estudiados. Resultados: las definidoras Respetuoso y Tolerante se evidenciaron como los conceptos nucleares constitutivos de la concepción del perfil docente constructor de paz desde las voces de estudiantes y profesores pertenecientes a estas escuelas. Conclusiones: la concepción del perfil docente constructor de paz en voces de estudiantes y profesores de escuelas públicas del caribe colombiano, resalta valores universales y morales como el respeto y la tolerancia cuando se piensa en procesos configurativos de paz en poblaciones que históricamente han sido afectadas por el conflicto armado.