bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in the Americas: Estimates from a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fernández Villalobos Nathalie Verónica , Kessel Barbora , Rodiah Isti , Ott Jördis Jennifer , Lange Berit , Krause Gérard
Published: June 2022

Background

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is responsible for inflammatory liver disease and can cause severe health problems. Because the seroprevalence of HEV varies within different population groups and between regions of the continent, we conducted a systematic review on the topic in order to provide evidence for targeted prevention strategies.

Methods

We performed a systematic review in PubMed, SCIELO, LILACS, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library and included reports up to 25 May 2021 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173934). We assessed the risk of bias, publication bias, and heterogeneity between studies and conducted a random-effect meta-analysis for proportions using a (binomial-normal) generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) fitted by Maximum Likelihood (ML). We also reported other characteristics like genotype and risk factors.

Results

Of 1212 identified records, 142 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis and 132 in the quantitative analysis. Our random-effects GLMM pooled overall estimate for past infection (IgG) was 7.7% (95% CI 6.4%–9.2%) with high heterogeneity (I2 = 97%). We found higher seroprevalence in certain population groups, for example in people with pig related exposure for IgG (ranges from 6.2%–28% and pooled estimate of 13.8%, 95% CI: 7.6%–23.6%), or with diagnosed or suspected acute viral hepatitis for IgM (ranges from 0.3%–23.9% and pooled estimate of 5.5%, 95% CI: 2.0%–14.1%). Increasing age, contact with pigs and meat products, and low socioeconomic conditions are the main risk factors for HEV infection. Genotype 1 and 3 were documented across the region.

Conclusion

HEV seroprevalence estimates demonstrated high variability within the Americas. There are population groups with higher seroprevalence and reported risk factors for HEV infection that need to be prioritized for further research. Due to human transmission and zoonotic infections in the region, preventive strategies should include water sanitation, occupational health, and food safety.
Bidirectional convolutional LSTM for the prediction of nitrogen dioxide in the city of Madrid
Authors: Iskandaryan Ditsuhi , Ramos Francisco , Trilles Sergio
Published: June 2022

Nitrogen dioxide is one of the pollutants with the most significant health effects. Advanced information on its concentration in the air can help to monitor and control further consequences more effectively, while also making it easier to apply preventive and mitigating measures. Machine learning technologies with available methods and capabilities, combined with the geospatial dimension, can perform predictive analyses with higher accuracy and, as a result, can serve as a supportive tool for productive management. One of the most advanced machine learning algorithms, Bidirectional convolutional LSTM, is being used in ongoing work to predict the concentration of nitrogen dioxide. The model has been validated to perform more accurate spatiotemporal analysis based on the integration of temporal and geospatial factors. The analysis was carried out according to two scenarios developed on the basis of selected features using data from the city of Madrid for the periods January-June 2019 and January-June 2020. Evaluation of the model’s performance was conducted using the Root Mean Square Error and the Mean Absolute Error which emphasises the superiority of the proposed model over the reference models. In addition, the significance of a feature selection technique providing improved accuracy was underlined. In terms of execution time, due to the complexity of the Bidirectional convolutional LSTM architecture, convergence and generalisation of the data took longer, resulting in the superiority of the reference models.
Reach adaption to a visuomotor gain with terminal error feedback involves reinforcement learning
Authors: Ikegami Tsuyoshi , Flanagan J. Randall , Wolpert Daniel M.
Published: June 2022

Motor adaptation can be achieved through error-based learning, driven by sensory prediction errors, or reinforcement learning, driven by reward prediction errors. Recent work on visuomotor adaptation has shown that reinforcement learning leads to more persistent adaptation when visual feedback is removed, compared to error-based learning in which continuous visual feedback of the movement is provided. However, there is evidence that error-based learning with terminal visual feedback of the movement (provided at the end of movement) may be driven by both sensory and reward prediction errors. Here we examined the influence of feedback on learning using a visuomotor adaptation task in which participants moved a cursor to a single target while the gain between hand and cursor movement displacement was gradually altered. Different groups received either continuous error feedback (EC), terminal error feedback (ET), or binary reinforcement feedback (success/fail) at the end of the movement (R). Following adaptation we tested generalization to targets located in different directions and found that generalization in the ET group was intermediate between the EC and R groups. We then examined the persistence of adaptation in the EC and ET groups when the cursor was extinguished and only binary reward feedback was provided. Whereas performance was maintained in the ET group, it quickly deteriorated in the EC group. These results suggest that terminal error feedback leads to a more robust form of learning than continuous error feedback. In addition our findings are consistent with the view that error-based learning with terminal feedback involves both error-based and reinforcement learning.
A systematic review of in vivo stretching regimens on inflammation and its relevance to translational yoga research
Authors: Muñoz-Vergara Dennis , Grabowska Weronika , Yeh Gloria Y. , Khalsa Sat Bir , Schreiber Kristin L. , Huang Christene A. , Zavacki Ann Marie , Wayne Peter M.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To conduct a systematic review evaluating the impact of stretching on inflammation and its resolution using in vivo rodent models. Findings are evaluated for their potential to inform the design of clinical yoga studies to assess the impact of yogic stretching on inflammation and health.

Methods

Studies were identified using four databases. Eligible publications included English original peer-reviewed articles between 1900–May 2020. Studies included those investigating the effect of different stretching techniques administered to a whole rodent model and evaluating at least one inflammatory outcome. Studies stretching the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems were considered. Two reviewers removed duplicates, screened abstracts, conducted full-text reviews, and assessed methodological quality.

Results

Of 766 studies identified, 25 were included for synthesis. Seven (28%) studies had a high risk of bias in 3 out of 10 criteria. Experimental stretching protocols resulted in a continuum of inflammatory responses with therapeutic and injurious effects, which varied with a combination of three stretching parameters––duration, frequency, and intensity. Relative to injurious stretching, therapeutic stretching featured longer-term stretching protocols. Evidence of pro- and mixed-inflammatory effects of stretching was found in 16 muscle studies. Evidence of pro-, anti-, and mixed-inflammatory effects was found in nine longer-term stretching studies of the integumentary system.

Conclusion

Despite the overall high quality of these summarized studies, evaluation of stretching protocols paralleling yogic stretching is limited. Both injurious and therapeutic stretching induce aspects of inflammatory responses that varied among the different stretching protocols. Inflammatory markers, such as cytokines, are potential outcomes to consider in clinical yoga studies. Future translational research evaluating therapeutic benefits should consider in vitro studies, active vs. passive stretching, shorter-term vs. longer-term interventions, systemic vs. local effects of stretching, animal models resembling human anatomy, control and estimation of non-specific stresses, development of in vivo self-stretching paradigms targeting myofascial tissues, and in vivo models accounting for gross musculoskeletal posture.
Effects of habitat homogenisation on assemblages associated with mussel clumps
Authors: Veiga Puri , Moreira Juan , Sampaio Leandro , Troncoso Jesús S. , Rubal Marcos
Published: June 2022

Biodiversity loss is considered one of the main threats to marine ecosystems. In this framework of biodiversity decline, organisms that provide biogenic habitat play a relevant role by their capacity to structure assemblages and influence ecological processes. The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is considered an ecosystem engineer because it alters local environmental conditions maintaining habitat suitability for other organisms, and enhancing local biodiversity. Although it is widely recognized that mussel beds increase diversity, the drivers shaping these assemblages are poorly explored. We investigate whether mussel size homogenisation shapes the abundance, richness and structure of macrobenthic assemblages associated with mussel beds in two shores of the Galician coast (NW Spain). At each shore, two sites, 10 m apart, were selected and at each site, faunal assemblages were compared between mussel clumps showing shells of various sizes (control), and mussel clumps with closely similar-sized mussels, considered as homogenised. Homogenised clumps showed, in general, higher values in total number of individuals and species than control clumps. Regarding the effect of mussel size homogenisation on the multivariate structure of the assemblages, significant differences between control and homogenised clumps were found in three out of the four sites. Most relevant associated species usually reached higher abundances in homogenised clumps than control ones. Therefore, mussel size homogenisation influenced the structure of the macrofaunal assemblages associated with mussel beds but, its effect was context dependent (i.e., varied with sites). Information about the species contribution to dissimilarities among homogenised and control clumps was provided and the potential influence of sediment and algae on mussel clumps was discussed.
Nigerians and COVID-19 humour: Discursivity and public engagement through pandemic internet memes
Authors: Fafowora Bimbo Lolade , Salaudeen Mistura Adebusola
Published: June 2022

From the outbreak of coronavirus to the institution of lockdown, and other regulatory measures, digital media platforms have been agog with memes associated with COVID-19 and pandemic-induced policies. Hence, there is a need to understand how the digital community discusses the pandemic through internet memes. There is a dearth of scholarship focusing on the utilization of memes for public engagement during public health crises. This study adds to the understanding of the discursive functions of memes by exploring emergent themes in coronavirus-related memes and investigating the discursive strategies applied by Nigerians to portray the pandemic. A qualitative analysis of 170 purposively selected COVID-19-related memes revealed the prevalence of six overarching themes. It was observed that meme creators employed a combination of humour, non-humour and sarcasm in driving awareness about the pandemic and highlighting existing but less-discussed sociopolitical and socio-economic issues exacerbated by the recent health crisis. The findings identified the utilization of memes to create awareness, highlight the negative impact of COVID-19 regulations on the lives of the average Nigerians and critique government’s handling of the pandemic.
How Educational Philosophies Shape Family and Consumer Sciences and Home Economics Education: A Commentary
Authors: McGregor Sue L.T.
Published: June 2022

I began my teaching career in the mid-1970s totally unaware of the construct of educational philosophies. I attended teachers' college (1970–1972) to obtain a home economics teacher's license and certificate rather than a Bachelor of Education degree within an Education department.
I do not remember ever being taught about this aspect of teaching. That is not to say it was not taught, just that I do not recall internalizing educational philosophy as an important part of being a home economics educator. It was not until 25 years later (early 2000s), when I began teaching
home economics teacher education methods courses at a university (as part of an Education faculty, not a Home Economics department), that I discovered the notion of educational philosophies as espoused in educational foundations courses and textbooks. From then on, philosophical awareness
was the mainstay of my approach to teaching preservice home economics teacher education methods in these courses.
Towards Automated/Semiautomated Extraction of Faults from Lidar Data
Authors: Pope Paul A. , Crawford Brandon M. , Lavadie-Bulnes Anita F. , Schultz-Fellenz Emily S. , Milazzo Damien M. , Solander Kurt C. , Talsma Carl J.
Published: June 2022

The Pajarito fault system is a complex zone of deformation and a seismically active region nestled within the Rio Grande rift in north-central New Mexico. Numerous laterally discontinuous faults and associated folds and fractures interact in a manner that has important implications for seismic hazards and risk mitigation. Previous efforts have established a foundation for the location of lineaments and structures in the Pajarito fault system; however, ensuring the completeness of the current lineament mapping is required for identifying areas for field validation, evaluating the potential for future seismic activity, and better understanding fault interaction. Assistance with this fault-mapping task via automated or semiautomated techniques as applied to lidar data over a large area of interest is highly desirable. A proof-of-concept processing flow which transforms lidar point-cloud data into a raster of surficial fault candidates is described and illustrated herein. These initial results hold great promise toward achieving our ultimate goal.
DIFERENÇAS DE SEXO NA LETALIDADE DA COVID-19 ENTRE IDOSOS NO PARÁ, BRASIL, 2020
Authors: Campos Ana Cristina Viana , Shigaeff Nadia , Souza Marcus Vinicius Mariano
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: analisar as diferenças de sexo na letalidade da Covid-19 entre idosos no Pará, em 2020. Métodos: os dados foram obtidos diretamente de boletins epidemiológicos eletrônicos da SESPA entre 18 de março e 31 de dezembro de 2020. Realizaram-se análises descritiva, comparativa e de regressão logística, considerando nível de significância estabelecido em p≤0,05. Resultados: a maioria dos casos registrados estava na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos. A letalidade entre homens é 1,6 vez maior do que entre mulheres, e essa diferença aumenta para 1,8 dentre os idosos mais novos. Em relação à geografia, do total de 144 municípios, apenas 7 não registraram óbitos por Covid-19 entre os homens. Além disso, alguns municípios apresentaram percentual acima da média estadual, como Colares, Capanema, Novo Repartimento, São Francisco do Pará e Almeirim. Em São João do Araguaia, a letalidade entre os homens é cinco vezes maior que a do estado do Pará. Conclusão: esse efeito significativo das diferenças de letalidade em homens de idade avançada é um dado relevante e somado aos dados em relação às condições socioeconômicas e de histórico médico pode auxiliar na elaboração de respostas mais detalhadas e apropriadas para essa parcela da população.
Ortodontista raiz e ortodontista Nutella em tempos de Ortodontia digital
Authors: Almeida Marcio
Published: June 2022

"Vivemos em uma era na qual a palavra digital se tornou extremamente conhecida e importante para todos. Na Ortodontia, não poderia ser diferente: é a inovação disruptiva permeando o nosso meio. Fluxo digital, ser digital, Ortodontia digital, planejamento digital, diagnóstico digital e outras denominações já fazem parte do vocabulário de muitos colegas ortodontistas. Não é fácil acompanhar a evolução de tudo aquilo que vem acontecendo e, simultaneamente, revolucionando a nossa querida especialidade."[...]
Recurrent Parotid Adenocarcinoma Presenting as Diffuse Myocardial Metastatic Disease
Authors: El-Am Edward A. , Jarori Upasana , Grethlein Sara J. , Mastouri Ronald , Khemka Abhishek
Published: June 2022

A 64-year-old man who had undergone treatment for left parotid adenocarcinoma presented with progressive exertional shortness of breath. Evaluation revealed metastatic invasion of the myocardium as a rare presentation of recurrent parotid adenocarcinoma. This case highlights the importance of using multimodal imaging methods in diagnostic evaluation and a collaborative multidisciplinary approach in managing patient care.
Factors Influencing marketing activities of consumer goods retailers in the context of the 4.0 industrial revolution: Evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Pham Cuong Hung
Published: June 2022

In the era of e-commerce and atomization, the expectations of customers have increased multi-fold. The customers want virtual displays of the products, automatic billings, electronic customer relationship management and much more. They want to be informed about the offers and benefits available at the store timely. However, at the same time they are not compromising with the quality and price. The basic consumer behaviour in the time of technology driven businesses is still same. The present paper is about checking out and impact of all these customer expectations on purchase intention in the form of marketing strategies by the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam. The present study is exploratory cum descriptive in nature. The dependent variable in the study is purchase intention and the independent variables are ‘ease and convenience’, ‘price and discounts’, ‘product quality’ and ‘use of Technology’. Retailers have been characterized by the respondents in the light of four independent variables stated above and then a relationship of these variables has been established with customers' intent to purchase. The sample size of this study is 408 respondents who used to purchase from the retailers in Vietnam. Structured questionnaire was distributed to all the respondents for collecting their responses. Total 550 questionnaires for distributed out of which 408 questionnaires for found fit for analysis. Statistical tools such as ‘confirmatory factor analysis’ and ‘structural equation modeling’ have been used to analyze the data. It was found from the results that all the four independent variables have significant impact on the Purchase intention of consumers. This reflects that the consumer goods retailers in Vietnam have to maintain with the Expectations of consumers for better sales performance.
Infección por SARS-CoV-2 y su impacto en la enfermedad hepática
Authors: Salgüero Fernández Sergio , Gabriel Medina Pablo , Almería Lafuente Alejandro , Ballesteros Vizoso María Antonieta , Zamora Trillo Angielys , Casals Mercadal Gregori , Solé Enrech Gemma , Lalana Garcés Marta , Guerra Ruiz Armando R. , Ortiz Pastor Oihana , Morales Ruiz Manuel
Published: June 2022

Introducción

En el contexto de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 no es infrecuente encontrar alteraciones hepáticas, tanto en pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica previa como sin ella.

Contenido

En esta revisión, se examina el conocimiento actual sobre la relación entre la COVID-19 y el daño hepático, frecuentemente observado en el seno de esta enfermedad.

Si bien no está completamente dilucidada la patogénesis del daño hepático, parece ser consecuencia de la combinación de varios factores, entre los que se encuentran el daño directo del virus, el derivado de la hiperactivación del sistema inmune, el isquémico y el farmacológico. El valor pronóstico de estas alteraciones también está bajo intensa investigación. La potencial repercusión de las mismas aboga por la necesidad de adecuar el manejo y el tratamiento de los pacientes, particularmente en el contexto de pacientes con enfermedad hepática crónica o trasplantados hepáticos.

Perspectiva

Se desconocen actualmente muchos aspectos relativos a la afectación hepática durante la COVID-19, particularmente en las formas graves de la enfermedad. El desarrollo de nuevos estudios referidos a las implicaciones clínicas de la COVID-19 en el hígado, tanto en estado sano como enfermo, podrían ayudar a ajustar las recomendaciones de tratamiento y vacunación según el perfil del paciente.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on liver disease
Authors: Salgüero Fernández Sergio , Gabriel Medina Pablo , Almería Lafuente Alejandro , Ballesteros Vizoso María Antonieta , Zamora Trillo Angielys , Casals Mercadal Gregori , Solé Enrech Gemma , Lalana Garcés Marta , Guerra Ruiz Armando R. , Ortiz Pastor Oihana , Morales Ruiz Manuel
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Abnormal liver biochemistry is not a rare finding in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of patients having pre-existing chronic disease or not

Content

This review examines the current body of knowledge on the relationship between COVID-19 and liver injury, which is frequently found in this setting

Although the pathogenesis of liver injury is not fully understood, it has been suggested to be the result of a combination of multiple factors. These include direct injury caused by the virus, immune system hyperactivation, ischemic and drug-induced injury. The prognostic valor of these alterations is also the subject of intense research. Due to their potential impact, these alterations require proper management and treatment, especially in patients with chronic liver disease or liver transplant recipients.

Outlook

Some aspects associated with liver injury during COVID-19, especially in severe presentations, are not well understood. Studies assessing the clinical impact of COVID-19 on the healthy or diseased liver may help adjust treatment and immunization guidelines to the profile of the patient.
Behavior of reactive powder concrete containing recycled glass powder reinforced by steel fiber
Authors: Hussain Zainab Ali , Aljalawi Nada Mahdi Fawzi
Published: June 2022

Environmental sustainability is described as one that avoids the depletion or deterioration of natural resources, while also allowing for the preservation of long-term environmental quality. By practicing environmental sustainability, we may assist to guarantee that the requirements of today’s population are satisfied without risking the capacity of future generations to meet their own needs in the future. Engineers in the field of concrete production are becoming increasingly interested in sustainable development, which includes the utilization of the locally available materials in addition to using the agricultural and industrial waste in construction industry as one of the possible solutions to the environmental and economic issues. This study investigated the effect of partial substitution of cement with recycled glass powder (0, 15, 20, and 25%) by weight of cement at various ages (on compressive strength) after determining the optimal ratio of replacement. This optimal ratio is used to study its effect on some mechanical properties (such as flexural strength, absorption, and dry density) of reactive powder concrete containing 1% micro steel fiber (SRPC), and furthermore, utilizing steam curing for 5 h at 90°C after hardening the sample directly. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) has been designed with the use of the local cement, silica fume, and super plasticizer with a water/cement ratio of 0.20 in order to achieve a compressive strength of 137.09 MPa at the age of 28 days. When recycled glass powder replacement (20%) was utilized, the findings revealed that the compressive strength of RPC improved by 4.2%, the flexural strength increased by 15.3%, the dry density increased by 0.61%, and the absorption was reduced by 32% at 28 days after the test results were compared to the reference mix.
A Prosopographical Study of the ỉmʒ-ʿ Title Holders down to the End of the Old Kingdom
Authors: González León Daniel
Published: June 2022

The first part of this paper was published in the second issue of ZÄS 148 (2021). The sources of the ỉmʒ-ʿ title were presented in order to examine their nature, their provenance, and the social and historical context of the title’s holder. This second part contains the actual prosopographical list consisting of 37 entries, namely the documentation which supports the contents of Part 1.
Die Morphologie der Verben für “sitzen” und “stehen” in den oberägyptischen koptischen Dialekten
Authors: Peust Carsten
Published: June 2022

Unlike the principal Coptic dialects Sahidic and Bohairic, in which the two verbs for “to sit” and “to stand” possess just a single form each, the Southern Coptic dialects (Akhmimic, Lycopolitan, dialect P) have preserved a formal distinction between the infinitive and the stative in both verbs. This information remains hidden in a few text editions, is not widely known and not reflected in current handbooks. The present paper traces the original morphological distinction for both verbs in the major textual witnesses of the South, as well as the progressive morphological collapse that lead to the uniform shapes of these verbs in the dominant dialects. Finally, an etymology is suggested for the puzzling Sahidic standard form ϩⲙⲟⲟⲥ “to sit”.
Preceramic riverside hunter-gatherers and the arrival of Neolithic farmers in northern Luzon
Authors: Hung Hsiao-chun , Tsang Cheng-hwa , Deng Zhenhua , Bolunia Mary Jane Louise A. , Santiago Rey A. , Carson Mike T. , Bellwood Peter
Published: June 2022

The most westerly Pacific island chain, running from Taiwan southwards through the Philippines, has long been central in debates about the origins and early migrations of Austronesian-speaking peoples from the Asian mainland into the islands of Southeast Asia and Oceania. Focusing on the Cagayan Valley of northern Luzon in the Philippines, the authors combine new and published radiocarbon dates to underpin a revised culture-historical synthesis. The results speak to the initial contacts and long-term relationships between Indigenous hunter-gatherers and immigrant Neolithic farmers, and the question of how the early speakers of Malayo-Polynesian languages spread into and through the Philippines.
Association of Race and Other Social Determinants of Health With HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use: A County-Level Analysis Using the PrEP-to-Need Ratio
Authors: Doherty Ryan , Walsh Jennifer L. , Quinn Katherine G. , John Steven A.
Published: June 2022

Research is limited on the effect of racism and social determinants of health on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use. This study used the PrEP-to-Need Ratio (PNR), which measures PrEP prescriptions divided by HIV diagnoses in the county, to evaluate sufficient PrEP use. AIDSVu datasets were compared to county-level social determinants of health. Standardized regression coefficients (β) were compared to identify strongest associations with PNR. Overall, factors including percent African American and percent uninsured had negative correlations with PNR, whereas median household income and severe housing cost burden had positive associations. Stratifying for population size, percent African American, percent uninsured, and severe housing cost burden were significant for low population areas, whereas median household income, percent in poverty, percent uninsured, and percent African American were significant for large populations. To reduce PrEP disparities, public health must develop strategies to reach those most in need, especially historically disadvantaged communities.
Psychopathic Personality Configurations in Early Childhood: A Response to Dvoskin et al. (2022)
Authors: López-Romero Laura , Salekin Randall T. , Romero Estrella , Andershed Henrik , Colins Olivier F.
Published: June 2022

Dvoskin et al. (2022) offered a cautionary comment on an article published in the Journal of Personality Disorders (López-Romero et al., 2021). This comment was focused on the scientific and policy grounds of our study, and cautioned against the use of the “putative psychopathic personality” label for applied purposes. While we agree with most of their concerns and cautions, we aim to provide additional clarification on the raised concerns, noting that the purpose of our study is purely exploratory, and that its findings are not intended for applied purposes. We do expect that our study and this commentary will further clarify the importance of examining psychopathic personality from a developmental perspective, opening new ways of discussion regarding how to best conceptualize and study a construct that, while waiting for additional longitudinal research, has been shown as relevant in identifying a group of children and adolescents at increased risk for maladjustment.
Toward a more realistic representation of surface albedo in NASA CERES-derived surface radiative fluxes
Authors: Huang Yiyi , Taylor Patrick C. , Rose Fred G. , Rutan David A. , Shupe Matthew D. , Webster Melinda A. , Smith Madison M.
Published: June 2022

Accurate multidecadal radiative flux records are vital to understand Arctic amplification and constrain climate model uncertainties. Uncertainty in the NASA Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES)-derived irradiances is larger over sea ice than any other surface type and comes from several sources. The year-long Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in the central Arctic provides a rare opportunity to explore uncertainty in CERES-derived radiative fluxes. First, a systematic and statistically robust assessment of surface shortwave and longwave fluxes was conducted using in situ measurements from MOSAiC flux stations. The CERES Synoptic 1degree (SYN1deg) product overestimates the downwelling shortwave flux by +11.40 Wm–2 and underestimates the upwelling shortwave flux by –15.70 Wm–2 and downwelling longwave fluxes by –12.58 Wm–2 at the surface during summer. In addition, large differences are found in the upwelling longwave flux when the surface approaches the melting point (approximately 0°C). The biases in downwelling shortwave and longwave fluxes suggest that the atmosphere represented in CERES is too optically thin. The large negative bias in upwelling shortwave flux can be attributed in large part to lower surface albedo (–0.15) in satellite footprint relative to surface sensors. Additionally, the results show that the spectral surface albedo used in SYN1deg overestimates albedo in visible and mid-infrared bands. A series of radiative transfer model perturbation experiments are performed to quantify the factors contributing to the differences. The CERES-MOSAiC broadband albedo differences (approximately 20 Wm–2) explain a larger portion of the upwelling shortwave flux difference than the spectral albedo shape differences (approximately 3 Wm–2). In addition, the differences between perturbation experiments using hourly and monthly MOSAiC surface albedo suggest that approximately 25% of the sea ice surface albedo variability is explained by factors not correlated with daily sea ice concentration variability. Biases in net shortwave and longwave flux can be reduced to less than half by adjusting both albedo and cloud inputs toward observed values. The results indicate that improvements in the surface albedo and cloud data would substantially reduce the uncertainty in the Arctic surface radiation budget derived from CERES data products.
Palmitoylation of γb protein directs a dynamic switch between Barley stripe mosaic virus replication and movement
Authors: Yue Ning , Jiang Zhihao , Zhang Xuan , Li Zhenggang , Wang Xueting , Wen Zhiyan , Gao Zongyu , Pi Qinglin , Zhang Yongliang , Wang Xian‐Bing , Han Chenggui , Yu Jialin , Li Dawei
Published: June 2022

Viral replication and movement are intimately linked; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating the transition between replication and subsequent movement remain largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that the Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) γb protein promotes viral replication and movement by interacting with the αa replicase and TGB1 movement proteins. Here, we found that γb is palmitoylated at Cys‐10, Cys‐19, and Cys‐60 in Nicotiana benthamiana, which supports BSMV infection. Intriguingly, non‐palmitoylated γb is anchored to chloroplast replication sites and enhances BSMV replication, whereas palmitoylated γb protein recruits TGB1 to the chloroplasts and forms viral replication‐movement intermediate complexes. At the late stages of replication, γb interacts with NbPAT15 and NbPAT21 and is palmitoylated at the chloroplast periphery, thereby shifting viral replication to intracellular and intercellular movement. We also show that palmitoylated γb promotes virus cell‐to‐cell movement by interacting with NbREM1 to inhibit callose deposition at the plasmodesmata. Altogether, our experiments reveal a model whereby palmitoylation of γb directs a dynamic switch between BSMV replication and movement events during infection.
Malaria parasites release vesicle subpopulations with signatures of different destinations
Authors: Abou Karam Paula , Rosenhek‐Goldian Irit , Ziv Tamar , Ben Ami Pilo Hila , Azuri Ido , Rivkin Anna , Kiper Edo , Rotkopf Ron , Cohen Sidney R , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia , Avinoam Ori , Rojas Alicia , Morandi Mattia I , Regev‐Rudzki Neta
Published: June 2022

Malaria is the most serious mosquito‐borne parasitic disease, caused mainly by the intracellular parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The parasite invades human red blood cells and releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) to alter its host responses. It becomes clear that EVs are generally composed of sub‐populations. Seeking to identify EV subpopulations, we subject malaria‐derived EVs to size‐separation analysis, using asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation. Multi‐technique analysis reveals surprising characteristics: we identify two distinct EV subpopulations differing in size and protein content. Small EVs are enriched in complement‐system proteins and large EVs in proteasome subunits. We then measure the membrane fusion abilities of each subpopulation with three types of host cellular membranes: plasma, late and early endosome. Remarkably, small EVs fuse to early endosome liposomes at significantly greater levels than large EVs. Atomic force microscope imaging combined with machine‐learning methods further emphasizes the difference in biophysical properties between the two subpopulations. These results shed light on the sophisticated mechanism by which malaria parasites utilize EV subpopulations as a communication tool to target different cellular destinations or host systems.
Adult-onset Langerhans cell histiocytosis changing CNS lesion from pituitary to suprasellar extension
Authors: Kadowaki Yuji , Nishiyama Mitsuru , Nakamura Makoto , Morisaka Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Shimpei , Terada Yoshio , Kojima Kensuke
Published: June 2022

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease characterized by the proliferation of abnormal Langerhans cells in various tissues and organs, including bone, skin, the lungs, and the pituitary gland. Hypothalamic–pituitary lesions in LCH often cause central diabetes insipidus (CDI), but the natural course of LCH in the CNS remains to be elucidated. In this study, we report an interesting case of altered LCH lesions in the CNS from the pituitary to the hypothalamus in a 45-year-old woman. She developed symptoms of polyuria and was diagnosed with CDI with lymphocytic hypophysitis due to an enlarged pituitary gland with stalk thickening shown on MRI. Short-term glucocorticoid therapy cured pituitary enlargement, but serum prolactin levels gradually increased. Six years later, the immunohistological findings of a skin biopsy revealed positive for leukocyte common antigen, S-100, and CD1a expression, indicating a diagnosis of LCH. MRI revealed a new lesion in the hypothalamus without pituitary involvement, likely due to LCH. Chemotherapy improved LCH lesions both in the skin and hypothalamus, but therapy was stopped on the patient’s request. Although adult-onset LCH is rare, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of CDI as the primary disease. The clinical course in the present case indicated that LCH lesion was altered from pituitary to suprasellar extension; where such changes were observed, the possibility of LCH should be considered.

Learning points

Diagnosing the primary disease of CDI is challenging; therefore, careful observation is necessary in pathologically unknown cases.

Enhanced MRI should be performed in cases with suspected hypothalamic lesions, such as elevated serum prolactin.

Although adult-onset LCH is rare, it should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of CDI as the primary disease.

The direction of changing CNS lesion from pituitary to suprasellar extension might be a unique MRI finding in LCH.
New open-access journal, Redox Experimental Biology, launched by Bioscientifica
Authors: Bioscientifica
Published: June 2022

Redox Experimental Medicine is a new, fully open-access, peer-reviewed journal publishing redox research that advances our understanding of the effect of redox processes on human health and disease.

Aberrations in redox processes can have a profound impact on the normal physiology of humans, with implications in many diseases. Redox Experimental Medicine will serve as an essential publication for the international scientific community to translate experimental knowledge to redox-based preventive and/or therapeutic interventions, with a view to advancing health. The journal will publish basic and translational articles which have potential therapeutic relevance, as well as pre-clinical and clinical studies.

Led by Editor-in-Chief Professor Giuseppe Poli, from the University of Turin, Redox Experimental Medicine’s highly accomplished and internationally diverse Editorial Board will oversee the rigorous yet rapid peer review of articles.

In his launch Editorial, Professor Poli explains how the journal focuses on an underserved area, commenting that "the experimental investigation of the pathophysiological role of a single molecule or a molecular pathway is certainly essential, but it cannot stand alone and needs to be part of a more comprehensive study project, taking into account the complex reality of the human organism".

Bioscientifica is sponsoring the article publication charge until the end of 2023, enabling Redox Experimental Medicine authors to publish their research on an open-access basis free of charge, offering greater reach and visibility of their work.

Redox Experimental Medicine is now open for submissions. Please take a look at the scope for a full list of topics covered by the journal.

About Bioscientifica

Bioscientifica exists to support biomedicine. Through our publishing expertise we strengthen biomedical communities to advance science and health. Bioscientifica is owned by the UK’s Society for Endocrinology and any profits made through our publications are redistributed to support biomedical research and practice.
Linking the Perinatal Environment to Neonatal Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Korada Saichidroopi , Jebbia Maria R. , Pavlek Leeann R.
Published: June 2022

Cases of high-risk pregnancies continue to rise throughout the United States and globally, increasing rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity. Common pregnancy complications and morbidities include preterm birth, hypertensive disorders, fetal growth restriction, diabetes mellitus, and chorioamnionitis. Exposure to these perinatal conditions contributes to cardiac morbidities in the fetus and neonate, including altered cardiac growth, congenital heart disease, and cardiac dysfunction. Significant research has demonstrated lasting effects of these pregnancy complications, with increased rates of cardiac morbidities seen in children and adults after these perinatal exposures. The link between the perinatal environment and long-term outcomes has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the implications of a high-risk pregnancy on fetal and neonatal cardiac development.
A Blueprint for Change: Guiding Principles for a System of Services for Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs and Their Families
Authors: McLellan Sarah E. , Mann Marie Y. , Scott Joan A. , Brown Treeby W.
Published: June 2022

Children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) and their families continue to face challenges in accessing health care and other services in an integrated, family-centered, evidence-informed, culturally responsive system. More than 12 million, or almost 86%, of CYSHCN ages 1–17 years do not have access to a well-functioning system of services. Further, the inequities experienced by CYSHCN and their families, particularly those in under-resourced communities, highlight the critical need to address social determinants of health and our nation’s approach to delivering health care. To advance the system and prioritize well-being and optimal health for CYSHCN, the Health Resources and Services Administration’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau, with input from diverse stakeholders, developed a set of core principles and actionable strategies for the field. This article presents principles and strategies in the Blueprint for Change: Guiding Principles for a System of Services for CYSHCN and Their Families (Blueprint for Change), which acknowledges the comprehensive needs of CYSHCN, a changing health care system, and the disparities experienced by many CYSHCN. Four critical areas drive the Blueprint for Change: health equity, family and child well-being and quality of life, access to services, and financing of services. Although discussed separately, these critical areas are inherently interconnected and intend to move the field forward at the community, state, and federal levels. Addressing these critical areas requires a concerted, holistic, and integrated approach that will help us achieve the goal that CYSHCN enjoy a full life from childhood through adulthood and thrive in a system that supports their families and their social, health, and emotional needs, ensuring their dignity, autonomy, independence, and active participation in their communities.
Pediatric Autoimmune Bullous Disease: A Literature Review and Update on Management
Authors: Ashton Rosalind , Fassihi Hiva
Published: June 2022

Pediatric autoimmune bullous disease is a rare group of blistering skin disorders in children that result from autoimmunity against intercellular and basement membrane antigens in the skin and mucous membranes. Most pediatric cases are treated with oral corticosteroids or longer-term immunosuppressants such as azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil. Immunomodulating drugs such as rituximab are increasingly being considered as options for refractory disease.
Recommendations for Estimating Prestress Losses
Authors:   PCI Committee on Prestress Losses
Published: June 2022

This PCI Committee report summarizes data on creep and shrinkage of concrete and steel relaxation, and presents both a general and a simplified design procedure for using these data in estimating loss of prestress after any given time period. A Commentary explains the design provisions. Detailed design examples for pretensioned and post-tensioned concrete structures explain the procedures.
Common benign and malignant tumours of the aging skin: Characteristics and treatment options
Authors: Bánvölgyi A. , Görög A. , Gadó K. , Holló P.
Published: June 2022

The incidence of all types of malignant skin tumours, including both melanoma and non-melanoma types, has increased in recent decades, while basal cell carcinoma is the most common human malignancy in the Caucasian race. The aging of the skin is associated with an increase in both benign and malignant tumours. As the population ages and life expectancy extends, mostly in developed countries, dermatologists are likely to face growing numbers of patients seeking therapy for such abnormalities. It is primarily UV irradiation that is responsible for the development of skin cancers, although there are other risk factors, including air pollution and X-ray irradiation. Seborrhoeic keratosis, solar lentigo and other benign lesions, despite their harmless nature, may cause distress to patients, such as itching or aesthetic issues. This review article summarises the features of the most common benign and malignant lesions of aging skin.
Alterations on magnetic resonance imaging of the neonatal brain: correlations with prenatal risk factors and transfontanellar ultrasound findings
Authors: Sartori Jéssica Tedesco , Ambros Luciana Estacia , Callegaro Giordana Isabela Siqueira
Published: June 2022

Abstract Objective: To describe the alterations seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in newborns, correlating those alterations with the transfontanellar ultrasound (TFUS) findings, and to describe the main risk factors identified. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the examinations of 51 patients who were submitted to brain MRI with a neonatal protocol during hospitalization. We evaluated the MRI findings and correlated them with previous TFUS findings, using the last TFUS performed in order to minimize the risk of bias. Data were obtained from medical records, and the images were reviewed by a radiologist specializing in neuroimaging. Results: Of the 51 patients evaluated, 21 (41.2%) were extremely preterm infants and 22 (43.1%) were extremely-low-birth-weight infants. Alterations were seen on 16 (31.4%) of the TFUS examinations and on 30 (58.8%) of the brain MRI scans, the most common finding being germinal matrix hemorrhage. The positive and negative predictive values of TFUS in relation to MRI were 87% and 54%, respectively. Conclusion: Because TFUS proved to be capable of distinguishing mild and moderate (grade I and II) germinal matrix hemorrhage from the severe forms (grades III and IV), it can be considered a good tool for screening and follow-up, especially in infants with severe disease and risk factors.
Investigation of roost composition of passerine birds in different environmental conditions
Authors: Yasin M. , Khan H. A. , Majeed W. , Mushtaq S. , Hedfi A. , Maalik S. , Ben Ali M. , Mustafa S. , Kanwal S. , Tahreem S.
Published: June 2022

Abstract The majority of the birds in different habitats are stressed due to alteration in multiple climate factors contributing to their loss. The present study has been planned to find the roosts composition of passerine birds in different major and sub-habitats of Punjab, Pakistan. In Faisalabad, of the four species, the higher number of exits was almost comparable, while Passer domesticus and Pastor roseus were more abundant than Tachycinet bicolor and Lanius cristatus. For the three remaining birds, total exits and returns were 180 for P. roseus, 181 for T. bicolor, and 179 for L. cristatus, respectively. Considering the exits in morning hours, a total of 314, 256, 246 and 210, were recorded from Sheikhupura. In Khanewal, of the four species, the highest exits and returns were that of P. domesticus (407; 451), followed by that of the P. roseus (273; 336), T. bicolor (242; 319) and L. cristatus (220; 397). The temperature imposed serious effects on roost exits for the four birds. The varied P-values which were higher (< 0.001***, < 0.001***, 0.002 **, <0.001***) appeared to limit the roost exits for them. Nonetheless, the impact of relative humidity exerted a strong influence on the T. bicolor (0.003**). In roosts return, it was seen that roost returns were even likely in warm temperatures and precipitation did not impose seriously on returns, and even in light rainfall. Nonetheless, relative humidity (RH) strongly impacted the sparrow. The T. bicolor and L. cristatus were adversely affected with the slopes (1.37) and (2.06), indicated with each percentage increase of relative humidity, and slope variations became least.