bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Engenheiros e fazendeiros em uma ferrovia de capitais caipiras: a Estrada de Ferro Araraquara e os contornos da grande empresa de serviços públicos na primeira república
Authors: Silva Henry Marcelo Martins , Tosi Pedro Geraldo Saadi
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Esta pesquisa busca compreender a ação de fazendeiros e engenheiros na trajetória da Estrada de Ferro Araraquara, linha férrea que ligava a cidade de Araraquara à boca do sertão oeste de São Paulo no início do Século XX, São José do Rio Preto. A companhia, fundada em 1896 com capitais essencialmente locais em um período de dificuldades para os segmentos ligados ao complexo cafeeiro, teve uma curta e tumultuada vida como empresa privada, sendo objeto de interesses diversos em um ambiente de grande especulação econômica. Nesse contexto, destaca-se a atuação de um grupo de engenheiros que, tomando o controle acionário, promovem uma administração calamitosa, contraindo empréstimos de grande monta no país e no exterior, que culminou na falência e posterior encampação da companhia pelo Estado em 1919, num processo conturbado que envolveu grandes investidores do país e da Europa. A partir de fontes tais como os Relatórios de Exercícios da E. F. Araraquara e diversos jornais do período, o trabalho pretende compreender as vicissitudes da trajetória da ferrovia, a transformação no perfil dos acionistas, bem como as condições que permitiram a ação do grupo de engenheiros no controle e falência da companhia, processo permeado de estratégias e negociatas que elucidam os contornos da grande empresa de serviços públicos na Primeira República.
Racionalidade econômica, transição para o trabalho livre e economia política da abolição: a estratégia campineira (1870-1889)
Authors: Goyena Soares Rodrigo
Published: August 2020

Resumo As últimas décadas do Império testemunharam o advento de um núcleo de cafeicultores paulistas que vislumbrou na crise da escravidão uma janela de oportunidades para ampliar os negócios econômicos e a participação na administração pública nacional. Embora se valesse de mão de obra cativa, esse núcleo, de origem campineira, compreendeu que a abolição, caso remediada pela imigração em São Paulo, fragilizaria a cafeicultura escravocrata rival - sobretudo a fluminense. Adotou-se uma política de paciência estratégica, que se dava como forma de evitar rupturas com os correligionários da lavoura paulista e como maneira de aguardar a precipitação dos acontecimentos. Os acenos do núcleo ao abolicionismo, paradoxalmente, deram-se num cenário em que o uso da mão de obra servil não era economicamente arcaico. Mediante levantamento de fontes primárias relativas ao custo da produção cafeeira, concluiu-se que a lucratividade do trabalho cativo não destoava dos ganhos próprios ao sistema livre de produção. A adesão da lavoura campineira à abolição, portanto, não foi uma opção oriunda da planilha contábil de cada fazenda. Tratou-se, conforme ratifica a correspondência entre campineiros, de uma equação de economia política que tinha como fatores o movimento abolicionista, o desmantelamento da cafeicultura rival e o ganho de espaço na administração pública.
Colonização e fronteiras: portugueses, presença, trabalho e lutas nos interiores de São Paulo
Authors: Matos Maria Izilda Santos de , Truzzi Oswaldo
Published: August 2020

RESUMO A intensificação e incertezas dos deslocamentos contemporâneos multiplicam as questões-tensões e o estabelecimento de barreiras, constituindo inquietações que desafiam reflexões e discussões. Nesse sentido, este artigo focaliza a presença dos portugueses no processo de expansão de fronteiras e colonização nos interiores do Estado de São Paulo (séculos XIX e XX), abordando aspectos diferenciados das experiências desses imigrantes.
UMA TEORIA DE DEPRESSÕES: COMENTÁRIOS
Authors: Sicsú João
Published: August 2020

RESUMO Este texto faz comentários ao artigo intitulado “Is this ‘it’? An outline of a theory of depression”, de autoria do Professor Fernando Cardim de Carvalho. No lugar de fazer comentários críticos de oposição, o objetivo deste texto é dialogar com as ideias de Cardim de Carvalho, por meio de ilustrações com fatos (históricos ou recentes) e conexões com as ideias de J. M. Keynes acerca da Grande Depressão do século XX. Trata-se de uma homenagem ao Professor Fernando Cardim de Carvalho.
RISCO SISTÊMICO, FRAGILIDADE FINANCEIRA E CRISE: UMA ANÁLISE PÓS-KEYNESIANA A PARTIR DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE FERNANDO CARDIM DE CARVALHO
Authors: Martins Norberto Montani
Published: August 2020

RESUMO O presente artigo discute o conceito de risco sistêmico e analisa sua relação teórica com as crises financeiras e a fragilidade financeira a partir da contribuição do professor Fernando Cardim de Carvalho. Em específico, busca-se analisar a interpretação de Cardim sobre o tema a partir do diálogo que estabelece com a literatura convencional e de sua leitura dos trabalhos de Minsky. A metodologia empregada consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica compreensiva sobre o conceito de risco sistêmico, com enfoque na obra do professor Cardim. A leitura pós-keynesiana, para a qual Cardim contribuiu sobremaneira, aponta para uma íntima conexão entre risco sistêmico, fragilidade financeira e crise sistêmica. Destacam-se o caráter endógeno desse risco e uma visão vertical sobre as crises, segundo a qual a crise afeta o sistema econômico como um todo.
Cuidado na atenção domiciliar: efeitos de uma intervenção educacional em saúde
Authors: Guerra Sofia , Albuquerque Ana Coelho de , Felisberto Eronildo , Marques Pedro
Published: August 2020

Resumo Os serviços de atenção domiciliar contribuem para a redução da sobrecarga hospitalar, desinstitucionalização, humanização e integralidade do cuidado. Portanto, o aperfeiçoamento profissional das equipes dos serviços de atenção domiciliar é extremamente relevante, uma vez que o trabalho desloca-se das instituições de saúde para a vida privada do usuário, necessitando de desprendimento das práticas tradicionais e compreensão das relações intradomiciliares. Nesse sentido, foi conduzida uma pesquisa qualitativa em Recife, Pernambuco, no período de dezembro de 2018 a abril de 2019, que objetivou compreender como diversos sujeitos (n = 14) percebem e interpretam os efeitos de um treinamento ofertado às equipes dos serviços de atenção domiciliar da cidade, utilizando elementos conceituais descritos por Abbad acerca da avaliação de treinamentos. Os achados demonstram que houve uma percepção positiva dos sujeitos sobre os efeitos do treinamento, mas também indicam que houve poucas mudanças nos serviços, principalmente devido à ausência de multiplicação dos conhecimentos adquiridos para os profissionais que não foram capacitados e à insuficiência de suporte psicossocial à aplicação prática dos conteúdos. As questões levantadas neste estudo demonstram a complexidade da atenção domiciliar no Brasil e a necessidade de formulação de estratégias educacionais e organizacionais que potencializem o cuidado dentro do domicílio.
Effects of Touching Sculptures on the Artistic Appreciation of Collative Emotional/Perceptual Properties
Authors: Bueno José Lino Oliveira , Motta Márcia Regina , Tumas Vitor
Published: August 2020

Abstract The relationship between physical stimulus and perception is fundamental to understand aesthetic appreciation. This study aimed to examine how the properties of sculptures influence their artistic appreciation. Thirteen participants touched altered sculptures from the series Bichos de Lygia Clark. Participants indicated their perceptions for each stimulus using Semantic Differential Scales (7-point Likert scale): Complexity, Irregularity, Amount of pieces, Interest and Pleasingness. The duration of manipulation was recorded. The results showed that sculptures perceived as having more pieces were the ones judged to have a high level of Complexity and Irregularity. Sculptures evaluated as demonstrating a high level of Complexity and Irregularity were considered more interesting, although less pleasant. Participants tended to spend more time exploring the more complex sculptures. The results indicate that the amount of informational content, represented by the amount of pieces present in the sculpture, can influence the way it is perceived and affect its hedonic value.
Use of large-scale hydrological models to predict dam break-related impacts
Authors: Tschiedel Arthur da Fontoura , Paiva Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de , Fan Fernando Mainardi
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT In this research study, the MGB-IPH (acronym for Large Scale Model in Portuguese - Modelo de Grandes Bacias) was used to simulate the propagation of a dam breach hydrograph estimated from predictor equations for the Três Marias Hydropower Dam, considered one of the largest in South America. The results of the peak flow, peak time and flood spot were compared with results of the Hec-Ras 5.06 model, typically used for local-scale dam break studies. As for the extent of the flood, a hit rate of 84% and a median error of 2.1 meters deep, along 4,055 km2 of the flooded area downstream was obtained. Maximum errors of 13% were observed in the prediction of the peak flow and of 20% for the peak time in distant locations up to 526 km downstream from the dam, thus establishing itself within the limits of the typical uncertainties associated with dam break studies. Thus, the potential of using this type of approach in previous studies of large dam failures is explored, configuring this method as an alternative to the use of robust or simplified models for determining downstream areas potentially affected by these disasters.
Occurrence of vaccine abscesses in bovines after the administration of bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine
Authors: CANDEIRA Willy Kelvin , FONSECA Luciano Santos da , ARRUDA Roberto Carlos Negreiros de , FREITAS Layza Michelle de Azevedo , SILVA Hilmanara Tavares da , COIMBRA Viviane Correa Silva
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to identify the occurrence of abscesses in cattle after the administration of bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine as adverse reaction to components in the new commercial vaccine formulation. Thirty bovines were divided into three groups composed of 10 animals, each. Groups 1 and 2 were vaccinated by researchers based on good vaccination practices criteria. Group 1 was intramuscularly administered with the vaccine, Group 2 received it through subcutaneous route and Group 3 was vaccinated by breeders through subcutaneous route. Animals were selected and observed in vivo in three different moments (7, 28 and 45 days after vaccination). Subsequently, they were observed during post mortem inspection in order to assess the occurrence of vaccine abscesses. Vaccine abscesses were recorded in 40% of bovines in Group 1, in 50% of the ones in Group 2 and in 60% of those in Group 3. There was no significant difference between experimental groups based on the Chi-square test and on Cramer's V analysis; there was no significant difference among experimental groups. Excess of carcass parts presenting vaccine abscesses during post mortem inspection resulted in the meat loss of 1.775 kg in Group 1, of 2.303 kg in Group 2 and of 3.268 kg in Group 3. In conclusion, despite changes in bivalent foot-and-mouth disease vaccine formulation, care should be taken at vaccination time to minimize the occurrence of vaccine abscesses and, consequently, meat losses at slaughter, as well as to reduce losses in beef production chain.
Reproductive performance and luteal function of Santa Ines ewes inseminated by cervical retraction with fresh or frozen semen
Authors: ALVARES Caio Tácito Gomes , CRUZ Jurandir Ferreira , ROMANO Carla Cristina , BRANDÃO Felipe Zandonadi
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY The artificial insemination (AI) by cervical retraction using fresh or commercially available frozen semen was evaluated. Santa Inês ewes (n=151) were assigned in five groups. Natural mating (NM) composed the control group. Four groups were submitted to hormonal treatment and timed insemination by cervical retraction (CRI) or laparoscopy (LAI), using fresh or frozen semen. To perform CRI, the ewes were kept in standing position. The time required to penetrate the cervical canal and to perform CRI were recorded; local deposition of semen and the reaction intensity of the ewe (weak, moderate or strong) were measured. Blood samples were collected to perform the progesterone dosage at days 0, 3, 5, 12 and 17 (day 0 = AI/NM). Non-return to estrus rate (NRE), pregnancy (at D35) and fertility (birth / mated ewes) were evaluated. Mean time for cervical penetration and CRI were 52.8 ± 21.2s and 3:26min ± 47s, respectively. Reaction intensity to CRI was weak or moderate in 92.3% of the ewes. Serum levels of progesterone after CRI, LAI or NM were similar. NRE of the inseminated ewes were similar, except for CRI with frozen semen, which was lower (P<0.05). Fertility rates were similar between CRI and LAI (35.4% and 42.2%, respectively). Artificial insemination by cervical retraction with ewes in a standing position is practical, and does not change the progesterone profile, providing reproductive rates similar to laparoscopy. However, the use of this technique along with commercial frozen semen presents low fertility rate.
Properties of Dried Apricots Pretreated by Ultrasound-Assisted Osmotic Dehydration and Application of Active Coatings
Authors: Sakooei-Vayghan Roghieh , Peighambardoust Seyed Hadi , Hesari Javad , Soltanzadeh Maral , Peressini Donatella
Published: August 2020

Research background. The worldwide demand for healthy and sulphur-free dried vegetables and fruits has grown. Combined ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration (UOD) and application of active coatings incorporating natural preservatives represents an attractive alternative for sulphuring process to preserve the sensorial and nutritional quality of dried fruits. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of osmotic dehydration (OD) and UOD and the use of pectin coatings (alone or with citric acid, CA or ascorbic acid, AA) on physical, textural and microstructural properties of hot air-dried apricot.
Experimental approach. Fresh apricot cubes (1 cm3) were pre-treated with either OD at a temperature of 55 °C for 30 and 45 min or UOD at two ultrasonic frequencies of 25 and 35 kHz for 30 and 45 min followed by application of active coatings with pectin alone, pectin + CA or pectin + AA for 10 min. All pre-treated coated samples were then hot-air dried at a temperature of 60 °C until a final moisture content of 20 % (wet basis) was reached. Physical (shrinkage, apparent and bulk densities), chemical (browning value, water activity), textural (firmness and shrinkage), microstructure and microbial load of dried apricot was studied.
Results and conclusions. Application of OD and UOD improved physical and textural properties of the dried apricots. Moreover, apparent and bulk densities, rehydration capacity of OD and UOD pre-treated samples were increased. While, shrinkage, water activity and microbial load were decreased. Firmness of UOD pre-treated samples was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of OD ones. Likewise, increasing ultrasound frequency from 25 to 35 kHz led to a significant decrease in Fmax values of dried apricots. Furthermore, coating of the OD and UOD processed samples with pectin + CA increased Fmax and decreased rehydration capacity of dried apricots. Scanning electron microscopy of both OD and UOD samples illustrated improvement of textural properties. The utilization of both OD pre-treatment and pectin edible coatings resulted in a decrease in browning values. However, UOD increased browning values of the dried apricots. Coating of UOD samples with pectin + AA resulted in substantial discoloration in hot air-dried apricot.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This study advances the knowledge in the field of fruit drying by combined application of OD or UOD pre-treatments with post-treatments with active edible coatings on different properties of hot-air dried apricot.
EKOPEDAGOGIK: ANALISIS POLA PENDIDIKAN DI SEKOLAH ALAM BANDUNG
Authors: Yunansah Hana , Kuswanto Kuswanto , Abdillah Fauzi
Published: August 2020

Pemahaman manusia terhadap lingkungan telah mengantarkan kehidupannya pada kondisi yang disebut “unsustainable for development”. Suatu keadaan dimana kehidupan manusia tidak seimbang dikarenakan ulah manusia yang cenderung lebih banyak mengeksploitasi lingkungan daripada memelihara sumber-sumber alam yang ada. Dengan kata lain manusia cenderung lebih banyak memanfaatkan dan lupa menjaga lingkungan itu sendiri, sehingga hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya krisis lingkungan. Kesalahan sudut pandang tersebut mampu mereduksi nilai-nilai ekologis manusia, yang sejatinya mereka memiliki relasi ruang dan waktu dengan alamnya, oleh sebab itu manusia memegang peran sebagai subjek dalam kehidupan yang memiliki kehendak untuk berinteraksi dengan alam. Mereka dapat memanfaatkan alam sesuai kehendaknya, ataupun mereka akan mengelola alam sesuai hati nuraninya demi kelestarian, keharmonisan, keselarasan hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan fakta tentang pola pendidikan ekopedagogik pada Sekolah Alam Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan observasi, data sekunder mencakup teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi literatur dan studi dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pola pendidikan yang diterapkan di Sekolah Alam Bandung yaitu pola humanis, pola religius, dan pola demokratis. pola pendidikan tersebut berorientasi kepada pengembangan potensi peserta didik melalui kegiatan pengintegrasian mata pelajaran, dan kegiatan penunjang pembelajaran.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALITAS GURU MELALUI PENDAMPINGAN PENULISAN PROPOSAL PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS
Authors: Darmayanti Mela , Cahya Anasta Non Dwishiera , Riyadi Arie Rakmat , Mulyasari Effy
Published: August 2020

Classroom Action Research (CAR) is a report of the teacher's real activities in solving problems that occur in teaching and learning activities in the classroom while improving the quality of learning in accordance with the teacher's professional development goals. In fact, UPI PGSD Primary School teachers still encounter difficulties in making PTK proposals as an initial step in fulfilling their professional competencies. Based on this, this study aims to improve the competency of SD PGSD UPI Partner teachers in preparing PTK proposals. The form of activities carried out is assistance with the deductive training model. This research is a quantitative research in the form of a descriptive approach. Data collection was obtained through a questionnaire distributed to 18 PGSD UPI Partner school teachers as mentoring participants. The study began with an identification of the needs of UPI PGSD Primary School SD teachers, followed by assistance in the preparation of the CAR proposal. Assistance materials include CAR in the development of the teaching profession, CAR credit report figures, exploring research problems, and preparing CAR proposals. The results showed an increase in the ability of understanding teachers in preparing PTK proposals.
STRATEGI INTERACTIVE DIGITAL LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN BACAAN PADA ANAK SLOW LEARNER
Authors: Malik Muh Syauqi , Nugraheni Aninditya Sri
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penerapan strategi interactive digital learning untuk meningkatkan pemahaman bacaan pada anak slow learner. Penelitian ini merupakan hasil dari kajian pustaka dengan riset kepustakaan melalui jurnal-jurnal nasional terakreditasi, studi buku referensi di perpustakaan, serta observasi di Sekolah Dasar inklusi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan menggunakan instrumen wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi interactive digital learning dapat dijadikan salah satu strategi pembelajaran yang efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman bacaan pada anak slow learner karena pada dasarnya strategi interactive digital learning merupakan strategi pembelajaran yang memadukan antara strategi pembelajaran learning cycle dengan memanfaatkan media digital yang dikemas dan didesain dengan sangat menarik dan interaktif sehingga dapat menumbuhkan antusias dan semangat belajar peserta didik dalam lingkungan belajarnya sehingga mampu meningkatkan pemahaman bacaan.
PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN SESUAI POTENSI DESA TANJAKAN BANTEN
Authors: Aziz Roikhan Mochamad
Published: August 2020

Akademisi sebagai agen perubahan memiliki tiga bakti yang tertuang dalam Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yaitu Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, Penelitian dan pengembangan, Pengabdian Masyarakat yang mana mahasiswa bertugas dalam hal pengabdian bagi masyarakat, Indonesia memiliki banyak perguruan tinggi sebagaimana tugas sebagai agen pembawa perubahan harus melakukan pengabdian bagi masyarakat dari bidang keilmuan , agama, sosial , politik, pendidikan, maupun ekonomi. Yang mana kita ketahui akhir-akhir ini pemerintah sedang mendukung segala jenis usaha kecil menengah. Salah satu pengembangan kewirausahaan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kemandirian ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia. Kewirausahaan perlulah melakukan cara pemasaran yang modern di era revolusi industri 4.0 yang mana pemasaran berbasis teknologi melalui sosial media maupun belanja online. Masyarakat tentulah pelatihan pemasaran kewirausahannya melalui teknologi agar mampu menjangkau wilayah pemasaran yang tersebar diseluruh Indonesia. Maka mahasiswan dengan pengabdiannya haruslah melakukan pelatihan terhadap masyarakat untuk melakukan pemasaran melalui media teknologi internet di era revolusi industri 4.0 untuk meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat.
Smartchem: An Android Application for Learning Multiple Representations of Acid-Base Chemistry
Authors: Eliyawati Eliyawati , Agustin Rika Rafikah , Sya’bandari Yustika , Putri Rossy Andini Herindra
Published: August 2020

An android application named SmartChem was developed to explain multiple representations of acid-base chemistry. This paper is a description of an android-based media (SmartChem) through the stages of design, development, validation and revision, and finally, limited trials with pre-service science teachers. SmartChem is intended to aid students in understanding through media explanations of symbolic, macroscopic, and submicroscopic representations of acid-base material. The validity of the tool was assessed through the ratings of a panel of five expert judges using Aiken’s validity index (Aiken’s V). The results show that some parts of the SmartChem media needed to be revised, especially in linking submicroscopic level content with symbolism. From the trials of this application with trainee teachers, help in understanding multiple chemical representations of acids and bases was demonstrated; however, the low achievement group was more concerned with technical features, while the higher achieving group appreciated the content and learning experience.
Vida e obra de Antônio Lopes de Sá
Authors: Chaves da Silva Rodrigo Antonio
Published: August 2020

El mayor autor de Brasil y uno de los mayores autores del mundo fue el profesor Antônio Lopes de Sá, con una amplia carrera profesional y académica, obteniendo en su vida más de 16 mil artículos y casi 200 libros, reconocido mundialmente y premiado con las mayores distinciones internacionales y nacionales. El objetivo de este artículo es tejer un breve panorama biográfico de la vida del profesor “minero”, especialmente, con puntos identificados en su obra. El abordaje es cualitativo y la investigación de historia  de la contabilidad es una investigación en cuanto a los medios, biográfica, documental y bibliográfica, y en cuanto a los fines explicativa y exploratoria, porque pretende explicar la obra de este maestro, y profundizar en sus contenidos. Se justifica este trabajo para explorar más la carrera de este nombre de la teoría contable, y se hace relevante porque la historia de la teoría es la historia de los nombres de nuestra gran ciencia. Hacemos solo un pequeño trabajo sobre este asunto, que puede ser profundizado de muchas otras maneras por la pléyade de científicos que así lo quieran y lo hagan para la profundización de un tema tan vasto y necesario para los días actuales que es la obra de este gran intelectual luso-brasilero.
Blockchain as a Tool to Protect Against Unfair Actions in Issuing Digital Banking Guarantees
Authors: Mikheeva I. E.
Published: August 2020

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation and practice of issuing digital banking guarantees using blockchain technology in Russia and the Republic of Belarus. The author concludes that the blockchain technology allows us to reduce the time necessary to issue digital bank guarantees in comparison with other ways of issuing bank guarantees. Higher security level can be provided due to the special properties of the technology used to carry out data transfer, its reporting and storage. The paper also deals with the characteristics of blockchain technology that improve protection of participants from unscrupulous actions that can take place during such actions as data encryption, the use of encryption keys and recording in the block chain. The paper examines the experience of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus regarding the use of blockchain technology to issue and record bank guarantees. The author investigates cases when Russian banks issued bank guarantees using the Masterchain platform and prospects of development of a digital form for guarantees. In addition, the paper concludes that maintaining a ledger working on the basis of blockchain technology for accounting digital bank guarantees will minimize unfair behavior in case of their counterfeiting.
Legal Aspects of Combating Terrorism Financing and Money Laundering using Informal Money Transfer Systems in the European Union
Authors: Sadomovskaya M. E.
Published: August 2020

Currently, in the European Union, in addition to traditional money transfer systems (bank transfers, Western Union, etc.), informal (alternative) systems have spread. The most famous and widespread is hawala, which originated in South Asia many centuries ago, long before the banking system, and is still the most familiar and convenient mechanism for transferring funds in several regions of North Africa and the Middle East. Hawala operates outside the regulated banking and financial sector primarily through a complex settlement system: there is no actual transfer of funds within this system. In most countries, hawala is not regulated by law and is not subject to government supervision. All these factors contribute to the increased risk of money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF risk). The paper examines the key characteristics of hawala, its types, circumstances that caused its spread, the features of the system’s functioning, and overviews the main measures of the European Union aimed at reducing the risk of ML / TF, which are a characteristic of hawala.
Tool for fixing the rubber harness
Authors: Ott D.
Published: August 2020

When a new instrument is proposed for introduction into practice, it is necessary that the new model should present certain advantages over the old ones; in General, a good instrument should not only satisfy its intended purpose, but also should not have any side disadvantages.
Triplet births complicated by eclampsia
Authors: Kakushkin N. M.
Published: August 2020

It is widely recognized that pregnancy and delivery of triplets are very rare. Because of this, it is difficult to get an exact figure of their relative frequency, and all the derived ratios of the number of triplet births to the number of all births differ significantly from each other.
To the casuistry of detachments of the baby's head during forcible removal of the prostrate leg
Authors: Istomin S. A.
Published: August 2020

On February 27, 1891, in the evening, a peasant woman from Myshkinsky district, Ploshchinsky volost, village Gorki, Penila Sh., 32 years old, was taken to the Uglich Zemsky hospital.
Protocol No. 15. Session on October 31, 1891
Authors: Krassovskiy A. YA.
Published: August 2020

47 members were present: Antipov, Baskin, Batsevich, Bashkirov, Bidder, Vasten, Vertsinskiy, Volovskiy, Vorobiev, Hermonius, Gess, Goraiskiy, Danilovich, Dobradin, Zheltukhin, Zmigrodskiy, Lichkus, Mazurkevich, Martsynkevich, Maslovskiy I., Massen, Mersh, Misevich, Neishtube, Ott, Piotrovich, Polonskiy, Popov, Radetskiy R., Rodzevich, Rostkovskiy, Runge, Savchenko, Sokolovskiy, Solovyov A.S., Strogonov, Tarnovskiy, Urvich, Fisher A., Fratkin, Tsokhanovetskiy, Tsyrskiy, Chernevskiy, Shverdlov, Shtol, Ebermansky, Yanpolskiy and 31 guests.
FLAPPING METHOD OF PERINEORRAPH IN INCOMPLETE INTERRUPTIONS
Authors: Mironova M. M.
Published: August 2020

The treatment of old perineal ruptures in the last time, thanks to Lawson-Tait, who offered his own patchwork method and a critical assessment that appeared later, aroused the interest of the specialists again, which is why I decided to confide with my comrades with some information about a modified method of perineoplasty used prof. Winckel, moreover, this method has not yet been published, and I have the opportunity, thanks to my kindly given permission, to be the first to communicate this method to Russian collegs, for which I consider it my duty to express my deep gratitude to the esteemed professor.
Hyperemesis gravidarum perniciosa and its treatment with cocaine
Authors: Neyshtube T. P.
Published: August 2020

Just as an extensive, but not put in order, a library cannot be as useful as a book depository, albeit a very moderate, but well-organized book depository, so the huge mass of facts scattered in the literature on any issue loses much in its significance, in to their benefit - however valuable these facts themselves may be - unless they are brought into a system, if a certain connection has not been established between them.
ADDITION
Authors: Shtol K. G.
Published: August 2020

"Tarenetsky does not recognize the hypertrophy of the small lips and the lust for a racial sign and explains this anomaly by the early loss of their elasticity by the small lips; under the influence of this loss of elasticity, vicious habits and legalized custom, the form and size of these parts are changed. Admitting a heritable transmission, he considers the only racial difference to be the weak development in African and Australian women of large lips, why the pohotnik and small lips are more prominent in them. With congenital hypertrophy of the clitoris, which occurs much more often and is accompanied by hypertrophy of the small lips, the pohot takes a club-like shape and easily strains."
For examination and dietetics pregnant women and women who have recently given birth.
Authors: Cordy G.
Published: August 2020

The author praises the Thure Brandt's method of treatment diseases of female genital organs and says that he has come to the development of this method to such perfection that new work in this area can only be directed at the discovery of the newest information on the physiology and pathology of the female genital apparatus, for the Thure Brandt's method to be shown to the indications for method and the reason for his success. It is also known that in case of uterine prolapse, in old and neglected cases, this method of raising the uterus and massage can give an amazingly quick and perfect result, in other cases it is not. Obviously, failure is the result of various anatomical relationships, and, according to the author, the bending of the uterus back and its side positions, where pessaries and surgical methods of treatment are more intelligent.
Cocaine in obstetrics
Authors: Hermonius A.
Published: August 2020

For the elimination and reduction of pain during childbirth, cocaine was used for the first time in France by Dolris in 1885; he lubricated the cervix with ointment or 4% solution and stated its analgesic effect. Since that other scientists have adopted it in different forms with the same purpose.
Tamponation of the abdominal cavity
Authors: Brandt A.
Published: August 2020

Taking into account that sometimes occurring during laparotomy bleeding in the abdominal cavity can lead, if not to a fatal outcome, then in any case to a significant slowdown in the postoperative course, the author suggests his own way of tamponation of the abdominal cavity that could occur to prevent such complications.
The case of uterus didelphys et vagina septa completa.
Authors: Bukhshtab A.
Published: August 2020

The author describes a case of uterus'a didelphys et vaginae septae completae in 25 years old, seven years married, a person who turned to him about unsuccessful and very painful attempts to coitus.
About the use of ichthyola in women’s illnesses
Authors: Massen V.
Published: August 2020

In the quality of a new quickly and successfully acting conservative in gynecology means, the author proposes ichthyol, which has two main properties - local anti-inflammatory and analgesic F used it with tremendous success in chronomal erythritis of the females scars, scars of the vagina and vaginal part of the uterus, chronic metritis, inflammation of the ovary and tubes and the surrounding tissue, cervical erosion and itching of the external genital parts). Ichthiol was used simultaneously both internally and externally: internally - in the form of pills (dragees), 0.1 each, first 2 times a day, later the dose was increased. Outwardly, it was used in the form of the following mixture: ammonii sulfo-ichtyolici 5.0, glycerini 100.0, with which tampons were moistened and placed in the vagina. For the sake of achieving energetic absorption of ichthyol in the form of ointment (with lanolin ana) or soap (ammonio sulfo-ichtyol. 8.0, sapo virid. 80.0) rubbed into the skin of the abdomen; Finally, for the sake of achieving the same goal F. used ichthyol suppositories (0.05-0.2). During erosions, they were lubricated with pure ammonio sulfo-ichtyol. For itching, either the above ointment or a 10% aqueous solution was used. Internal use of ichthyol proved a favorable influence on the general condition: appetite improved, digestion and stool became correct.
About fluctuations in the size of the pelvis in women in labor, depending on the degree of inclination of it
Authors: Fedorov I. I.
Published: August 2020

Last year, we reported the first 8 observations of the changeability of the size of C. diagonalis (verae) at various degrees of pelvic tilt in women in labor.
A case of multiple vaginal fibroids
Authors: Olenin S. K.
Published: August 2020

Primary neoplasms of the vagina are rarely inserted. Of these, most often it is necessary to observe the so-called retention cysts, which usually do not reach a large size.
Protocol No. 11. Session on March 28th.
Authors: Krassovskiy A. YA.
Published: August 2020

36 members were present: Batsevich, Bidder, Vasten, Vertsinskiy, Voskresenskiy, Hermonius, Goraiskiy, Danilovich, Dobradin, Dovnarovich, Zheltukhin, Zamshin, Krukovich, Lileev, Lichkus, Mazurkevich, Ott, Piotrovich, Polonskiy, Popov, Radetskiy R., Rodzevich, Salmanov, Smolskiy, Stelmakhovich, Stravinskiy, Strogonov, Tarnovskiy, Fratkin, Tsekhapovetskiy, Chagin, Chernyshev, Shverdlov, Shtol, Eberman, Yanpolskiy, 25 guests and a correspondent of Botkin's Hospital Gazette.
Protocol no. XIV. Administrative settlement on March 28, 1891
Authors: Krassovskiy A. YA.
Published: August 2020

20 members were present.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT RESTORATION OF CUTTING BY THE FLAP METHOD (LAWSON-TAIT)
Authors: Goltzman G. A.
Published: August 2020

Perineal tears are one of the most common sufferings in women. In most cases, they are caused by childbirth. Regarding the frequency of ruptures during childbirth, the authors disagree with each other; but most obstetricians accept that in 20% of births in first or multiparous women, perineal ruptures occur. There is no doubt that every new perineal tear, reaching a known size, should be sutured immediately after childbirth. The suture imposed immediately after birth for the most part leads to healing per primam intentionem. Thus, the number of old, spontaneously healed by a scar - perineal rupture should become less and less.
CHANGES IN THE MUCOSA OF THE UTERINE POD IN CANCER OF THE VAGINAL PART AND CERVIX
Authors: Mironov M.
Published: August 2020

Changes in the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus, accompanying cancer of the vaginal part and cervix, drew special attention after the work of Abel (see No. I), which appeared in 1888. The author studied the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus, taken from extirpated cases of 6 uterus for carcinoma portionis and in 1 case for carcinoma cervicis. "In all cases, the mucous membrane is dull," says the author (p. 279, 1. p.), To a high degree of alteration, while the mucous membrane of the cervix is ​​relatively insignificantly diseased. " These changes, as can be seen from the description of each individual case, concern both the gland and the intermediate tissue, and the first in all cases were multiplied and represented corkscrew gyrus; some of them were enlarged or contained ectases of the lateral walls and processes protruding into the lumen of the gland. Changes in the intermediate tissue in cases 1, 2 and 4 consisted in the multiplication of cells in deep layers, and here they had a short-spindle-shaped shape, small size and went in trains in different directions; in the surface layers, they were more or less round, much larger in size and resembled epitheloid cells. In addition, a nested infiltration with small, round cells (lymphoid cells?) Met in places. In the remaining 4 cases, the changes in the intermediate tissue, according to the author's description, were the same as usually in chronic inflammation (cases 5, 6 and 7) or almost absent (case 3). On the basis of these studies, the author comes to the conclusion that changes in the mucous membrane of the body of the uterus in cancer of the vaginal part and cervix have the character of sarcomatous degeneration, which in observed 1, 2 and 4-m, already reached a rather high degree of 4, in the rest, although it did not appear as sharp as especially in the first case, but nevertheless, these changes, according to the author, cannot be considered as inflammatory, but should be taken only as a more weak degree of the same sarcomatous degeneration, by analogy with the first.
IV THIRD CONGRESS OF THE GERMAN SOCIETY OF GYNECOLOGISTS BONNE 9TH (21st) —11TH (23rd) MAY 1891
Authors: MIRONOV M.
Published: August 2020

Chairman G. Veit. The first session was devoted to two issues identified earlier: 1) about mortality from postnatal diseases (speakers Dohrn and Ahlfeld) and 2) about uterine cancer (speakers Hofmeier and Leopold).
Trendelenburg's position with an elevated pelvis as a position for gynecological examination
Authors: Aleksenko N.
Published: August 2020

The position with an elevated pelvis in the last time is hotly recommended as a significant relief in the production of fetuses about pathological conditions of the pelvic organs.
Modern state of anti-rotting surgery
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

This article is a succinct extract from the objection of the author Tait'y to his last criticism of Lister's report at the X International Congress in Berlin.
Two cases of intrauterine ichthyosis
Authors: Kuhn F.
Published: August 2020

The two cases of ichthyosis foetalis reported by the author differ in some interesting ways.
To the treatment of postnatal bleeding
Authors: Fisher A.
Published: August 2020

Not being fully satisfied on personal experience with the results of tamponation of the postnatal uterus with atonic bleeding with strips of 20% iodoformed gauze according to the Dhrsen method (cf. "Zhurn. Akush. And Zhenek. Bol.", 1887, p. 814; 1888, p. . 136, 163, 221, 579, 672 and 683, 1889, pp. 757 and 758. Ref.), The author proposes a combination of this method with the almost forgotten Seyfert's method, consisting, as is known, in the tamponization of the vagina and partly the cervix with a simultaneous overtightening of the abdomen with a bandage so that the bottom of the uterus rests against the bandage.
Ectopia vesicae urinariae
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: August 2020

Cossack woman, 41 years old, unmarried, nulliparous, has 20 years of blood, not abundant, 3-4 days each, separated in a month; good build and nutrition. From birth, there is a defect in the urinary bladder. From the navel downward there is a divergence of the rectus abdominis muscles in the form of a triangle. Umbilical ring nѣt. In the lower part of the triangle, a tumor with an apple, formed by an everted posterior wall of the bladder. The holes of the ureters are visible, not allowing urine. The surrounding skin of the abdomen at the top is trimmed with a scar, at the bottom it directly passes into the mucous membrane of the bladder.
Laceration of the vaginal mucosa caused by copulation
Authors: Sadovsky P.
Published: August 2020

The patient, 17 years old, was admitted with complaints of bleeding from the vagina, itching and burning sensation in the external genital parts. With external examination, a mass of vesicles and excorings (Herpes) was found on the external parts; During internal examination with Sims' mirrors, a large fresh blood clot was found on the right lateral wall of the vagina near the fornix, at the removal of which a bleeding, rhomboid, torn wound of the vaginal mucosa was opened, approximately 4 ctm. length and 3 ctm. width.
About drainage of the abdominal cavity in case of operation
Authors: Fisher A.
Published: August 2020

The author is a fan of the drainage of the abdominal cavity, if not stereotypically adopted after every abdomen, then for a number of known cases. He considers as indications for drainage: 1) the existence of local accumulations of blood, decomposed (infected) or capable of decomposing secrets, if their neutralization exceeds the absorption capacity of the peritoneum, locally or generally reduced; 2) the possibility of sequential accumulation of secrets, decomposition (infection) and absorption of which makes one fear septic intoxication; 3) the danger of opening the hollow organs with not indifferent contents (bladder, intestine); 4) the need to isolate more significant, abundantly secerinating cavity wounds from the rest of the abdominal cavity.
TO THE QUESTIONS OF MODERN GYNECOLOGY
Authors: Kupidonov V.
Published: August 2020

Dresden. Clinic of Professor Leopold. On the first visit I visited this clinic on December 24, 1890 (January 5, 1991) and on the same day I saw the next operation.
MITIGATIONS RISK OF TRADEMARK RIGHTS LAW AS CREDIT BANK GUARANTEE
Authors: Prasastinah Usanti Trisadini
Published: August 2020

The Efforts to minimize legal risk over brand certificate guarantees in banking practices by conducting a professional analysis of brands. The main thing that is done by the bank is to identify whether the rights to the mark meet the legal and economic requirements as a guarantee and the important is imposition of perfect pawn collateral institutions or fiduciaries then it cause the property rights is born and bank domiciled as a preferred creditor. The analysis on guarantee is the bank effort to ward off legal risk such as weakness of the alliance until not fulfilled the contractual terms or not perfect of collateral binding even the cancellation of the brand certificate. If this is not mitigated, it will be detrimental to the position of the bank as a creditor because the bank is only located as a concurrent creditor.
ALCANCE DEL CONTROL DIFUSO DE CONVENCIONALIDAD EN LAS PROVIDENCIAS JUDICIALES EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Cruz  Cadena Katerin Yulieth , Caballero Palomino Sergio Andrés , Vásquez Gualdrón Liseth , Moreno Ortiz Mariel
Published: August 2020

El Neoconstitucionalismo y el Estado Constitucional de Derecho han internacionalizado los sistemas jurídicos de cada país, toda vez que los mismos han tenido que ajustar sus normas a las prescripciones supranacionales, sometiéndose al control de los organismos internacionales, tales como la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, máximo intérprete de la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos.  Es así como los jueces en Colombia, en repetidas oportunidades han fundamentado sus decisiones sobre derechos humanos, en tratados o convenciones internacionales ratificados por Colombia, por tanto, en el presente artículo de investigación se propone como pregunta central ¿Cuál es el alcance del control difuso de convencionalidad en las providencias judiciales en Colombia? Como objetivo general se pretende determinar el alcance del Control de Convencionalidad en las providencias judiciales en Colombia.
DERECHOS HUMANOS FUNDAMENTALES DE PERSONAS RESIDENTES EN LA ZONA DE FRONTERA EJE DEPARTAMENTO DE LA GUAJIRA – ESTADO ZULIA
Authors: Vergara Villarroya Maryam , Bermúdez Bueno William , Zuleta Pérez Milvia
Published: August 2020

Expresan las Constituciones políticas estatales y los documentos derivados de la suscripción a la normativa internacional, que los Estados tienen el deber de proteger los derechos de los ciudadanos que viven en las fronteras. Así debe acontecer en el eje conformado por el Departamento de la Guajira y el Estado Zulia. No obstante, los esfuerzos hasta ahora realizados, fundamentados en disposiciones constitucionales, legales y reglamentarias, y las políticas públicas que pudieran operativizar tales derechos, no cubren las necesidades y expectativas existentes, por lo cual los ciudadanos permanecen como una población vulnerable. De allí que el propósito de este artículo es analizar la situación de vulneración de los derechos humanos de las personas en la frontera venezolana y colombiana, tornándose la situación doblemente sensible, por ser una zona que alberga minorías étnicas. El estudio se realiza bajo una metódica basada en el paradigma cualitativo, con enfoque post positivista, realizando una investigación tipificada como documental bibliográfico, con datos e informaciones analizadas desde una interpretación sociocrítica y en atención a la experiencia y conocimiento del investigador. Se concluye claramente que la política de Estado en ambos países no atiende adecuadamente esta condicionante sociocultural, generándose los espacios para la transgresión de derechos individuales, sociales y colectivos.
Editorial - Observatorio del río Lili, un programa de investigación para la bio-eco-región
Authors: Rios Alvarado Arnaldo
Published: August 2020

Editorial
A study on outcome of various K-wire fixations in paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures
Authors: Shah Shalin Bharat , Parikh Kushal Nikhil , Paraliya Pradipkumar Ishvarbhai
Published: August 2020

Background: The ideal pin geometry for treatment of paediatric supracondylar humerus fracture is still debated. Various studies have been carried out comparing medial-lateral pinning (MLP) and lateral only pinning (LOP), but none have compared all three individually i.e. MLP, lateral divergent pinning and Lateral Trans olecranon fossa four cortex purchase pinning (TOF-FCP). This study aims to compare the cosmetic and functional outcome of these three pinning methods.

Methods: 54 children with supracondylar humerus (Gartland type 2 or 3) meeting inclusion criteria were treated operatively and followed up till 6 months postoperatively. At 6 months the cosmetic and functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Flynn criteria.

Results: All fractures united within 3 to 6 weeks duration. The mean duration of fracture union was 4.05 weeks. Functional outcome was satisfactory (i.e. excellent or good) at 6 months according to Flynn criteria in 95% of cases in cross pinning, 100% cases in TOF-FCP construct and 89% cases in lateral entry divergent pinning. cosmetic outcome was satisfactory (i.e. excellent or good) at 6 months according to Flynn criteria in 95% of cases in cross pinning, 100% cases in TOF-FCP construct and 89% cases in lateral entry divergent.

Conclusions: Functional and cosmetic outcome of all three pinning geometries after operative intervention of paediatric supracondylar humerus fracture is similar in expert hands. The incidence of complications with TOF-FCP construct is less amongst the lateral only pinning.