bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced P53 Protein Level and Evidence of Ongoing Coagulation among HIV-Infected Persons Accessing Treatment at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Akwiwu E. C. , Okafor A. O. , Akpotuzor J. O. , Onukak E. E.
Published: November 2019

Aims: To assess tumour suppressing activity and ongoing coagulation among persons living with HIV infection and accessing care in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Study Design: Case-control study.

Place and Duration of Study: University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Nigeria, between April 2018 and November 2018.

Methods: Ninety persons living with HIV infection who were attending clinics at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were enrolled with ninety age and sex-matched HIV seronegative individuals who served as control subjects. The blood specimen was collected from each participant for analyses of CD4 cell and full blood counts by automation, serum was used for the assays of P53 protein and D-dimer levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kits. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. Student t-test was used to compare means between test and control subjects. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare means across the HAART-naïve and two other groups on different HAART protocols. Statistical significance was drawn at a p≤ 0.05.

Results: The CD4 cell count and P53 protein level reduced while D-dimer level increased in HIV infection. Platelet count also reduced while platelet distribution width increased with the condition. While CD4 cell count improved with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy administration, D-dimer level, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width reduced.

Conclusion: This study observed reduced tumour suppression and increased coagulation activities alongside immunosuppression in HIV infection.
The Relationship between Emergency Medical Services Staff Knowledge of Basic Life Support Indicators
Authors: Raeisi Masoud , Saberinia Amin , Dolatabadi Ali Arhami , Kashani Parvin
Published: November 2019

Introduction: One of the most important steps to save patients is to perform resuscitation. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of emergency personnel in Tehran regarding the baseline level of resuscitation operations.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 200 emergency personnel working in Tehran. The level of awareness questionnaire with 45 qualifications and the base of BLS indicators was prepared and collected.

Results: According to Chi-square test, there was a significant correlation between age and practical score. Also, there was a significant relationship between the ALS courses and the acquired theoretical score.

Conclusion: The results of the increase in awareness of this study in relation to previous studies in Iran and especially in the region show that during the last few years, the level of knowledge of medical emergencies personnel has had good improvement, while on the other hand, although there has been improvement in the performance compared with last few years.
Retracted: Kinesin family member 3A stimulates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhou Qingchun , Yu Juan , Zheng Qingyou , Wu Tao , Ji Ziliang , Zhuo Yumin
Published: November 2019

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system, with high morbidity and mortality. At present, the survival rates and prognosis of patients with bladder cancer are still relatively low; thus, there remains a need to improve prognosis by identifying novel targets. Kinesins (kinesin superfamily proteins) are a series of microtubule‐based motor proteins that mediate various types of cellular processes. Kinesin family member 3A (KIF3A) is critical for cytoplasm separation in mitosis, and it has been reported to be misexpressed in multiple types of cancer. However, its effects on the progression and development of bladder cancer remain unclear. Herein, we report that KIF3A is highly expressed in human bladder cancer. We identified a significant correlation between KIF3A and clinical features, including clinical stage (P = 0.047), pathological tumor status (P = 0.045), lymph node status (P = 0.041) and metastasis (P = 0.035). KIF3A expression was also correlated with poor prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. Our results further indicated that KIF3A ablation resulted in cell cycle arrest; blocked the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells in vitro; and restrained tumor growth in mice in a microtubule‐dependent manner. In summary, our findings suggest that KIF3A is a potential therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
Bioinspired Cell Nuclear Nanotransporters Generated by Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Polysaccharide‐Amino Acid Derivatives Conjugates
Authors: Nagahama Koji , Sano Yoshinori , Inui Mitsuo , Aoyama Seika , Katayama Tokitaka , Ono Kimika
Published: November 2019

Development of nanomaterials that surely transport functional biomacromolecules and bioactive synthetic compounds into the cell nucleus must be promising for the generation of nuclear‐targeting new technologies. However, the development of nuclear transporting nanomaterials thus still remains a significant challenge, because molecular transport between the cytoplasm and the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is strictly regulated by the sole gateway through the nuclear envelope, the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Here, the rational design of novel artificial nuclear nanotransporters (NucPorters), inspired by importin, naturally occurring nuclear transporters is shown. The NucPorter is generated by simple molecular design: self‐assembly of amphiphilic polymers, where a few numbers of hydrophobic amino‐acid derivatives with phenyl groups are conjugated to negatively charged hydrophilic heparin. The NucPorter can mimic essential structural and chemical features of importin machinery to pass through the NPCs. Importantly, the NucPorter demonstrates remarkable rapid and high efficient nuclear transport in cultured cells, tissue/organ, and living mice. Moreover, the NucPorter successfully imports both enzymes and synthetic anticancer drugs into the nucleus while maintaining their bioactivity. Thus, the NucPorter provides a promising new route to generate innovative nuclear‐targeting medicines, diagnostics, cell imaging and engineering techniques, and drug delivery systems.
Microstructure and Microhardness Evolution in Pure Molybdenum Processed by High‐Pressure Torsion
Authors: Wang Xue , Li Ping , Huang Yi , Gao Nong , Langdon Terence G.
Published: November 2019

Molybdenum, a refractory metal with a body‐centered cubic lattice, is processed by high‐pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature under an applied pressure of 6.0 GPa and torsional straining from one‐half to ten turns. The microstructures are characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and measurements are taken of the Vickers microhardness. The results show a gradual evolution of homogeneity in grain size and microhardness with increasing numbers of HPT turns with an average grain size of ≈690 nm at the sample edge after five turns and a saturation microhardness of ≈660 Hv. The grain size after ten turns shows a slight decrease at the center, and the microhardness is slightly lower than after five turns due to the occurrence of limited dynamic recovery.
Biomimetic Mineralized Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Macrofiber with Spider Silk‐Like Supertoughness
Authors: Yu Yadong , He Yan , Mu Zhao , Zhao Yueqi , Kong Kangren , Liu Zhaoming , Tang Ruikang
Published: November 2019

Spider silk fibers (SSF) have a hierarchical structure composed of proteins with highly repetitive sequences and biomineralization is sophisticated in hierarchical organic–inorganic constructions. By using inorganic hydroxyapatite (HAP) and organic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to simulate the rigid crystalline and flexible amorphous protein blocks of SSF, respectively, biomimetic mineralization is herein attempted for the large‐scale preparation of SSF‐like macrofibers with a hierarchical ordered structure, a superhigh tensile strength of 949 ± 38 MPa, a specific toughness of 296 ± 12 J g−1, and a stretch ability of 80.6%. The hybrid macrofibers consist of microfibers, and their outstanding performance (e.g., extreme tolerance to temperatures ranging from −196 to 80 °C and superior ability to inhibit the transverse growth of cracks) is attributed to the hierarchical arrangement as well as the organic–inorganic integrated structure within the oriented mineralized polymer chains. The biomineralization‐inspired technique provides a promising tactic that can be used to synthesize functional organic–inorganic fibers that are structurally complex and, furthermore, industrially manufacture SSF‐like artificial fibers with a supertoughness.
Temperature‐Invariant Superelastic and Fatigue Resistant Carbon Nanofiber Aerogels
Authors: Li Chao , Ding Yan‐Wei , Hu Bi‐Cheng , Wu Zhen‐Yu , Gao Huai‐Ling , Liang Hai‐Wei , Chen Jia‐Fu , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: November 2019

Superelastic and fatigue‐resistant materials that can work over a wide temperature range are highly desired for diverse applications. A morphology‐retained and scalable carbonization method is reported to thermally convert a structural biological material (i.e., bacterial cellulose) into graphitic carbon nanofiber aerogel by engineering the pyrolysis chemistry. The prepared carbon aerogel perfectly inherits the hierarchical structures of bacterial cellulose from macroscopic to microscopic scales, resulting in remarkable thermomechanical properties. In particular, it maintains superelasticity without plastic deformation even after 2 × 106 compressive cycles and exhibits exceptional temperature‐invariant superelasticity and fatigue resistance over a wide temperature range at least from −100 to 500 °C. This aerogel shows unique advantages over polymeric foams, metallic foams, and ceramic foams in terms of thermomechanical stability and fatigue resistance, with the realization of scalable synthesis and the economic advantage of biological materials.
Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors: Materials, Designs, and Applications
Authors: Gao Xiangyu , Yang Jikun , Wu Jingen , Xin Xudong , Li Zhanmiao , Yuan Xiaoting , Shen Xinyi , Dong Shuxiang
Published: November 2019

Piezoelectric actuators are unique driving force‐generation devices, which can transfer input electric energy into force, displacement, or movement outputs efficiently and precisely via piezoelectric effect‐based electromechanical coupling instead of electromagnetic induction. In comparison with traditional electromagnetic actuators, the most important features of the piezoelectric actuators are their compact size, flexible design, and ability to provide nanometer or sub‐micrometer positioning. Here, recent progress in nonresonance piezoelectric actuators including multilayer ceramic actuators, step motors, inertial motors, and resonance ultrasonic motors, such as linear motors, rotary motors, multidegree of freedom motors, and microelectromechanical system actuators, is comprehensively presented. The working principles and properties of these actuators are explained, and the piezoelectric materials and configurations, fabrication, and applications are provided. Furthermore, from the aspects of materials, designs and applications, challenges and outlooks for future developments of piezoelectric actuators and motors are also discussed.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed α‐Deuteration of Bioactive Carbonyl Compounds with D2O
Authors: Chang Yejin , Myers Tanner , Wasa Masayuki
Published: November 2019

An efficient deuteration process of α‐C−H bonds in various carbonyl‐based pharmaceutical compounds has been developed. Catalytic reactions are initiated by the action of Lewis acidic B(C6F5)3 and D2O, converting a drug molecule into the corresponding boron‐enolate. Ensuing deuteration of the enolate by in situ‐generated D2O+−H then results in the formation of α‐deuterated bioactive carbonyl compounds with up to >98% deuterium incorporation.

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Porous g‐C3N4 and MXene Dual‐Confined FeOOH Quantum Dots for Superior Energy Storage in an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Shi Minjie , Xiao Peng , Lang Junwei , Yan Chao , Yan Xingbin
Published: November 2019

Owing to their unique nanosize effect and surface effect, pseudocapacitive quantum dots (QDs) hold considerable potential for high‐efficiency supercapacitors (SCs). However, their pseudocapacitive behavior is exploited in aqueous electrolytes with narrow potential windows, thereby leading to a low energy density of the SCs. Here, a film electrode based on dual‐confined FeOOH QDs (FQDs) with superior pseudocapacitive behavior in a high‐voltage ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte is put forward. In such a film electrode, FQDs are steadily dual‐confined in a 2D heterogeneous nanospace supported by graphite carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and Ti‐MXene (Ti3C2). Probing of potential‐driven ion accumulation elucidates that strong adsorption occurs between the IL cation and the electrode surface with abundant active sites, providing sufficient redox reaction of FQDs in the film electrode. Furthermore, porous g‐C3N4 and conductive Ti3C2 act as ion‐accessible channels and charge‐transfer pathways, respectively, endowing the FQDs‐based film electrode with favorable electrochemical kinetics in the IL electrolyte. A high‐voltage flexible SC (FSC) based on an ionogel electrolyte is fabricated, exhibiting a high energy density (77.12 mWh cm−3), a high power density, a remarkable rate capability, and long‐term durability. Such an FSC can also be charged by harvesting sustainable energy and can effectively power various wearable and portable electronics.
Stable Li Metal Anode Enabled by Space Confinement and Uniform Curvature through Lithiophilic Nanotube Arrays
Authors: Tantratian Karnpiwat , Cao Daxian , Abdelaziz Ahmed , Sun Xiao , Sheng Jinzhi , Natan Avi , Chen Lei , Zhu Hongli
Published: November 2019

The application of lithium (Li) metal anodes in rechargeable batteries is primarily restricted by Li dendrite growth on the metal's surface, which leads to shortened cycle life and safety concerns. Herein, well‐spaced nanotubes with ultrauniform surface curvature are introduced as a Li metal anode structure. The ultrauniform nanotubular surface generates uniform local electric fields that evenly attract Li‐ions to the surface, thereby inducing even current density distribution. Moreover, the well‐defined nanotube spacing offers Li diffusion pathways to the electroactive areas as well as the confined spaces to host deposited Li. These structural attributes create a unique electrodeposition manner; i.e., Li metal homogenously deposits on the nanotubular wall, causing each Li nanotube to grow in circumference without obvious sign of dendritic formation. Thus, the full‐cell battery with the spaced Li nanotubes exhibits a high specific capacity of 132 mA h g−1 at 1 C and an excellent coulombic efficiency of ≈99.85% over 400 cycles.
Catalyst‐Free [3+2] Cycloaddition of Unactivated Imines with Cyclopropenones
Authors: Liu Si‐Wei , Yuan Chang , Jiang Xue‐Fei , Wang Xian‐Xun , Cui Hai‐Lei
Published: November 2019

We have developed a convenient and mild catalyst‐free synthesis of structurally diversified indolizinoindoles through [3+2] cycloaddition of dihydro‐β‐carbolines and diarylcyclopropenones. Dimethoxydihydroisoquinolines and 3,4‐dihydrobenzonaphthyridine can also be used in this process affording corresponding polycyclic N‐heterocycles with high molecular complexity.
Rapid and Efficient Construction of Indolizino[3,4,5‐ab]isoindole Skeletons by a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction
Authors: Liu Chang , Wu Shaonan , Sun Wan , Meng Haifang , Xing Siyang , Zhu Bolin
Published: November 2019

A facile rhodium‐catalyzed tandem reaction of two molecules of acrylates with two molecules of 2‐phenylpyridines involving sequential C−H activation, Michael addition, [12+2] cycloaddition and oxidative aromatization has been described. A series of indolizino[3,4,5‐ab]isoindole compounds were efficiently afforded in good yields by the formation of two C−C bonds, two C=C bonds and one C−N bond.
Development of a novel simulation‐based task trainer for management of retrobulbar hematoma
Authors: Chin Christopher J. , Clark Alexander , Roth Kathryn , Fung Kevin
Published: November 2019

Background

Retrobulbar hematoma (RH) is a rare but devastating complication of sinus surgery. It is treated initially with a lateral canthotomy and cantholysis at the bedside. Due to the high stakes and urgency of this complication, teaching this in the clinical setting is difficult. The objective of this study was to develop a cadaveric model for addressing this problem.

Methods

A fresh‐frozen human cadaveric model of RH was created using a Foley catheter to simulate elevated intraocular pressure. Residents who participated in an emergencies in otolaryngology–head & neck surgery “boot camp” were included in the study. A survey measuring confidence levels in performing lateral canthotomy and cantholysis was administered. After completing the skill station, a postintervention survey was administered to assess the confidence of the learner as well as fidelity and usefulness of the task trainer.

Results

Thirty‐three residents participated in the boot camp. Residents rated their confidence preintervention at 1.3/5, which suggests the majority were unable to perform the procedure. After using the model, residents rated their confidence at 3.5/5, which falls between basic knowledge and reasonably confident; this improvement achieved statistical significance (p < 0.0001). The fidelity of the model was rated 3.9/5; a score of 4 is defined as realistic. The residents rated the usefulness of the model as 4.7; a score of 5 is defined as very useful.

Conclusion

A cadaveric model of RH was successfully developed. This novel simulator was perceived to be useful, realistic, and effective by junior residents.
[SnI8{Fe(CO)4}4]2+: eine hochkoordinierte Sn+III8‐Baueinheit mit fragilen Carbonylklammern
Authors: Wolf Silke , Köppe Ralf , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer , Roesky Peter W. , Feldmann Claus
Published: November 2019

[SnI8{Fe(CO)4}4][Al2Cl7]2 enthält ein [SnI8{Fe(CO)4}4]2+‐Kation mit einem beispiellos hochkoordinierten, zweifach überdachten SnI8‐Prisma. In Anbetracht der achtfachen Koordination mit dem voluminösesten, stabilen Halogenid ist es umso erstaunlicher, dass die SnI8‐Baugruppe nur von fragilen Fe(CO)4‐Gruppen klammerartig umgeben ist. Trotz der überwiegend ionischen Bindungssituation in [SnI8{Fe(CO)4}4]2+ sind die I−⋅⋅⋅I−‐Abstände verkleinert (bis zu 371 pm) und liegen deutlich unter dem Van‐der‐Waals‐Abstand (420 pm). Charakterisiert wurde die Titelverbindung durch Einkristallstrukturanalyse, spektroskopische Methoden (EDXS, FT‐IR, Raman, UV/Vis, Mößbauer), Thermogravimetrie und Dichtefunktionaltheorie.
Catalytic Production of Alanine from Waste Glycerol
Authors: Wang Yunzhu , Furukawa Shinya , Song Song , He Qian , Asakura Hiroyuki , Yan Ning
Published: November 2019

Chemical synthesis of amino acids directly from biomass feedstock is rare. Reported here is a one‐step protocol to convert crude glycerol, from the biodiesel industry, into 43 % alanine over a Ru1Ni7/MgO catalyst. The multifunctional catalytic system promotes glycerol conversion into lactic acid, and then into alanine. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed the existence of bimetallic RuNi species, whereas density‐functional theory calculations suggested Ni‐doped Ru substantially decreased the Ea of C−H bond dissociation of lactate alkoxide to form pyruvate, which is the rate‐determining step. The catalytic route established in this work creates new opportunities for glycerol utilization and enriches the substrate scope of renewable feedstock to access value‐added amino acids.
2D and 3D Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Frameworks: The Influence of Dimensionality on Functionality
Authors: Meng Yi , Luo Yi , Shi Ji‐Long , Ding Huimin , Lang Xianjun , Chen Wei , Zheng Anmin , Sun Junliang , Wang Cheng
Published: November 2019

The construction of 2D and 3D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) from functional moieties for desired properties has gained much attention. However, the influence of COFs dimensionality on their functionalities, which can further assist in COF design, has never been explored. Now, by selecting designed precursors and topology diagrams, 2D and 3D porphyrinic COFs (2D‐PdPor‐COF and 3D‐PdPor‐COF) are synthesized. By model building and Rietveld refinement of powder X‐ray diffraction, 2D‐PdPor‐COF crystallizes as 2D sheets while 3D‐PdPor‐COF adopts a five‐fold interpenetrated pts topology. Interestingly, compared with 2D‐PdPor‐COF, 3D‐PdPor‐COF showed interesting properties, including 1) higher CO2 adsorption capacity; 2) better photocatalytic performance; and 3) size‐selective photocatalysis. Based on this study, we believe that with the incorporation of functional moieties, the dimensionality of COFs can definitely influence their functionalities.
Heat‐Treated Aerogel as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zion Noam , Cullen David A. , Zelenay Piotr , Elbaz Lior
Published: November 2019

Aerogels are fascinating materials that can be used for a wide range of applications, one of which is electrocatalysis of the important oxygen reduction reaction. In their inorganic form, aerogels can have ultrahigh catalytic site density, high surface area, and tunable physical properties and chemical structures—important features in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report on the synthesis and electrocatalytic properties of an iron–porphyrin aerogel. 5,10,15,20‐(Tetra‐4‐aminophenyl)porphyrin (H2TAPP) and FeII were used as building blocks of the aerogel, which was later heat‐treated at 600 °C to enhance electronic conductivity and catalytic activity, while preserving its macrostructure. The resulting material has a very high concentration of atomically dispersed catalytic sites (9.7×1020 sites g−1) capable of catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solution (Eonset=0.92 V vs. RHE, TOF=0.25 e− site−1 s−1 at 0.80 V vs. RHE).
A robust NNP‐type ruthenium (II) complex for alcohols dehydrogenation to esters and pyrroles
Authors: Chai Huining , Zhang Guangyao , Tan Weiqiang , Ma Jiping
Published: November 2019

A Ru (II) complex bearing pyridyl‐based benzimidazole‐phosphine tridentate NNP ligand was synthesized and structurally characterized by NMR, IR. The complex can efficiently and selectively catalyze the acceptorless dehydrogenation of primary alcohols to esters under relatively mild conditions and the synthesis of pyrroles by means of the reactions of secondary alcohols and β‐amino alcohols through acceptorless deoxygenation condensation.
Efficient Nondoped Pure Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on an Anthracene and 9,9‐Diphenyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine Derivative
Authors: He Xin , Ren Shenghong , Liu Hui , Zhao Shiyuan , Liu Futong , Du Chunya , Min Jiarui , Zhang Haiquan , Lu Ping
Published: November 2019

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been greatly developed in recent years owing to their abundant advantages for full‐color displays and general‐purpose lightings. Blue emitters not only provide one of the primary colors of the RGB (red, green and blue) display system to reduce the power consumption of OLEDs, but are able able to generate light of all colors, including blue, green, red, and white by energy transfer processes in devices. However, it remains a challenge to achieve high‐performance blue electroluminescence, especially for nondoped devices. In this paper, we report a blue light emitting molecule, DPAC‐AnPCN, which consists of 9,9‐diphenyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine and p‐benzonitrile substituted anthracene moieties. The asymmetrically decoration on anthracene with different groups on its 9 and 10 positions combines the merits of the respective constructing units and endows DPAC‐AnPCN with pure blue emission, high solid‐state efficiency, good thermal stability and appropriate HOMO and LUMO energy levels. Furthermore, DPAC‐AnPCN can be applied in a nondoped device to effectively reduce the fabrication complexity and cost. The nondoped device exhibits pure blue electroluminescence (EL) locating at 464 nm with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.15). Moreover, it maintains high efficiency at relatively high luminescence. The maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) reaches 6.04 % and still remains 5.31 % at the luminance of 1000 cd m−2 showing a very small efficiency roll‐off.
Use of artificial nutrition near the end of life: Results from a French national population‐based study of hospitalized cancer patients
Authors: Baumstarck Karine , Boyer Laurent , Pauly Vanessa , Orleans Veronica , Marin Anthony , Fond Guillaume , Morin Lucas , Auquier Pascal , Salas Sébastien
Published: November 2019

Background

The use of artificial nutrition, defined as a medical treatment that allows a non‐oral mechanical feeding, for cancer patients with limited life expectancy is deemed nonbeneficial. High‐quality evidence about the use of artificial nutrition near the end of life is lacking. This study aimed (a) to quantify the use of artificial nutrition near the end‐of‐life, and (b) to identify the factors associated with the use of artificial nutrition.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of decedents based on data from the French national hospital database. The study population included adult cancer patients who died in hospitals in France between 2013 and 2016 and defined to be in a palliative condition. Use of artificial nutrition during the last 7 days before death was the primary endpoint.

Results

A total of 398 822 patients were included. The median duration of the last hospital stay was 10 (interquartile range, 4‐21) days. The artificial nutrition was used for 11 723 (2.9%) during the last 7 days before death. Being a man, younger, having digestive cancers, metastasis, comorbidities, malnutrition, absence of dementia, and palliative care use were the main factors associated to the use of artificial nutrition.

Conclusion

This study indicates that the use of artificial nutrition near the end of life is in keeping with current clinical guidelines. The identification of factors associated with the use of artificial nutrition, such as cancer localization, presence of comorbidities or specific symptoms, may help to better manage its use.
Development of a risk score for colorectal cancer in Chinese males: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Guo Lanwei , Chen Hongda , Wang Gang , Lyu Zhangyan , Feng Xiaoshuang , Wei Luopei , Li Xin , Wen Yan , Lu Ming , Chen Yuheng , Shi Jufang , Ren Jiansong , Lin Chunqing , Yu Xinyang , Chen Shuohua , Wu Shouling , Li Ni , Dai Min , He Jie
Published: November 2019

To build a simple predictive model as a guide to stratify average‐risk population for colonoscopy examinations. We collected data from 92 923 males without a prior history of cancer enrolled in the Kailuan Cohort Study of China. Risk factors included in the evaluation of colorectal cancer (CRC) were collected by questionnaire‐based interviews at the baseline. Logistic regression coefficients for incident CRC predictors were converted into risk scores by the absolute value of the smallest coefficient in the model and rounding up to the nearest integer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation method was applied to evaluate model performance. In the 10‐year follow‐up, 353 CRC patients were in the cohort. Age, alcohol consumption, waist circumference, occupational sitting time, and history of diabetes were selected for the scoring system, and the adjusted area under the ROC was 0.66. Population in the highest risk group (16‐19 points) had a 33.12‐fold (95% CI: 13.44‐81.59) higher risk of CRC than those in the lowest risk group. When we defined 13 points as the cut‐off, the sensitivity and specificity of the scoring system for CRC were 67.99% and 62.42%, respectively. A simple scoring system for CRC has been developed to identify men at an increased relative risk of CRC within 10 years using several well‐established risk factors, which allows selection of asymptomatic candidates for priority of CRC screening and saving the health resource in cancer prevention and control.
Self‐templated Constructing of Heterophase Junction into Hierarchical Porous Structure of Semiconductors for Promoting Photogenerated Charge Separation
Authors: Zhang Xun , Li Chun , Liang Junmei , Wang Jiangfei , Zhang Jing , Chen Xuebing , Wang Fangfang , Li Rengui
Published: November 2019

It is well‐known that photogenerated charge separation is the key and bottleneck step to determine the solar energy efficiency in photocatalysis. Although strategies for facilitating spatial charge separation of semiconductor‐based photocatalysts like heterojunctions, especially for heterophase junctions have been recognized as useful and adequate approaches, the original morphology‐tailored structures are always challenging to be maintained during the thermal‐induced phase transformation process. Herein, using a facile self‐templated method, we successfully fabricate heterophase junction into the well‐defined hierarchical porous structure of visible‐light‐responsive semiconductor, bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), without destroying the its unique hierarchical porous morphology. Such organic integration of heterophase junction and hierarchical porous structure are demonstrated to enable highly efficient separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, resulting in a remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic activities. Our work showcases a general concept for developing artificial photocatalyst systems via integrating efficient charge separation path into the unique morphology‐tailoring of semiconductors for highly efficient solar energy conversion.
Photo‐Assisted Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2: A New Strategy for Reducing Catalytic Overpotentials
Authors: Taylor James O. , Wang Yibo , Hartl František
Published: November 2019

Electrochemical and photochemical reduction of CO2 are both well‐established, independent catalytic routes toward producing added‐value chemicals. The potential for any cross‐reactivity has, however, hardly been explored so far. In this report, we assess a system primarily using spectroelectrochemical monitoring, where photochemistry assists the cathodic activation of precursor complexes fac‐[Mn(CO)3(2,2′‐bipyridine)Br] and [Mo(CO)4(6,6′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)] to lower the catalytic overpotential needed to trigger the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO. Following the complete initial 1e− reduction of the parent complexes, the key photochemical cleavage of the Mn−Mn and Mo−CO bonds in the reduction products, [Mn(CO)3(2,2′‐bipyridine)]2 and [Mo(CO)4(6,6′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)].−, respectively, generates the 2e−‐reduced, 5‐coordinate catalysts, [Mn(CO)3(2,2′‐bipyridine)]− and [Mo(CO)3(6,6′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)]2− appreciably closer to the initial cathodic wave R1. Experiments under CO2 confirm the activity of both electrocatalysts under the photoirradiation with 405 nm and 365 nm light, respectively. This remarkable achievement corresponds to a ca. 500 mV positive shift of the catalytic onset compared to the exclusive standard electrocatalytic activation.
Hydrogen Spillover in the Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis on Carbon‐supported Cobalt Catalysts
Authors: Ghogia Amel C. , Cayez Simon , Machado Bruno F. , Nzihou Ange , Serp Philippe , Soulantica Katerina , Pham Minh Doan
Published: November 2019

The Fischer‐Tropsch reaction transforms syngas into high added value products, among which liquid fuels. Numerous parameters determine catalytic activity and selectivity towards the most desired hydrocarbons. The performances of cobalt‐based catalysts used in the reaction are known to depend critically on Co particle size and crystallographic phase. Here, we present a comparative study of Co‐based catalysts supported on three carbon supports: multi‐wall carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and a fibrous material. Our results show that, while the selectivity towards C5+ follows the expected tendency with respect to Co particle size, this is not the case for the TOF. These results can be rationalized considering that the amount of H2 uptake on each catalyst increases with oxygen and defect concentration on the support. The catalyst on the support presenting many edges and oxygen surface groups, necessary for H2 spillover, presents the highest activity. Furthermore, the hydrogen spillover contributes to the enhancement of olefin hydrogenation and methane production.
An experimental investigation of bond strength of AFRP bars with self‐consolidating concrete
Authors: Chinaka Emmanuel , Shokouhian Mehdi , Head Monique , Efe Steve
Published: November 2019

This investigation aims to study the effect of varying superplasticizer dosage and water‐to‐cement ratio (w/c) on the bond strength between aramid fiber reinforced polymers (AFRPs) bar and self‐consolidating concrete (SCC). A total of 15 compression tests and 36 pullout tests are conducted on AFRP and steel bars within five different groups of concrete mixtures. Results show a significant effect of superplasticizer and water‐to‐cement ratio on the bond strength of AFRP bars embedded within SCC. The bond‐slip behavior between the AFRP bars and SCC was quantified and is presented in this research.
Catalyst Development for the Synthesis of Ozonides and Tetraoxanes Under Heterogeneous Conditions: Disclosure of an Unprecedented Class of Fungicides for Agricultural Application
Authors: Yaremenko Ivan A. , Radulov Peter S. , Belyakova Yulia Y. , Demina Arina A. , Fomenkov Dmitriy I. , Barsukov Denis V. , Subbotina Irina R. , Fleury Fabrice , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: November 2019

The catalyst H3+xPMo12−x+6Mox+5O40 supported on SiO2 was developed for peroxidation of 1,3‐ and 1,5‐diketones with hydrogen peroxide with the formation of bridged 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes and bridged 1,2,4‐trioxolanes (ozonides) with high yield based on isolated products (up to 86 and 90 %, respectively) under heterogeneous conditions. Synthesis of peroxides under heterogeneous conditions is a rare process and represents a challenge for this field of chemistry, because peroxides tend to decompose on the surface of a catalyst . A new class of antifungal agents for crop protection, that is, cyclic peroxides: bridged 1,2,4,5‐tetraoxanes and bridged ozonides, was discovered. Some ozonides and tetraoxanes exhibit a very high antifungal activity and are superior to commercial fungicides, such as Triadimefon and Kresoxim‐methyl. It is important to note that none of the fungicides used in agricultural chemistry contains a peroxide fragment.
One‐Pot Fabrication of Pd Nanoparticles@Covalent‐Organic‐Framework‐Derived Hollow Polyamine Spheres as a Synergistic Catalyst for Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Yang Xinyi , He Yajun , Li Liuyi , Shen Jinni , Huang Jianhui , Li Lingyun , Zhuang Zanyong , Bi Jinhong , Yu Yan
Published: November 2019

Facile fabrication of nanocatalysts consisting of metal nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on a functional support is highly desirable, yet remains challenging. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) provide an emerging materials platform for structural control and functional design. Here, a facile one‐pot in situ reduction approach is demonstrated for the encapsulation of small Pd NPs into the shell of COF‐derived hollow polyamine spheres (Pd@H‐PPA). In the one‐pot synthetic process, the nucleation and growth of Pd NPs in the cavities of the porous shell take place simultaneously with the reduction of imine linkages to secondary amine groups. Pd@H‐PPA shows a significantly enhanced catalytic activity and recyclability in the tandem dehydrogenation of ammonia borane and selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes through an adsorption–activation–reaction mechanism. The strong interactions of the secondary amine linkage with borane and nitroarene molecules afford a positive synergy to promote the catalytic reaction. Moreover, the hierarchical structure of Pd@H‐PPA allows the accessibility of active Pd NPs to reactants.
Carbon Chain Length Modulates MDA‐MB‐231 Breast Cancer Cell Killing Mechanisms by Mitochondrially Targeted Aryl−Urea Fatty Acids
Authors: Murray Michael , Roseblade Ariane , Chen Yongjuan , Bourget Kirsi , Rawling Tristan
Published: November 2019

Targeting the tumor cell mitochondrion could produce novel anticancer agents. We designed an aryl−urea fatty acid (1 g; 16({[4‐chloro‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)hexadecanoic acid) that disrupted the mitochondrion and decreased MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell viability. To optimize the aryl−ureas the present study evaluated mitochondrial targeting by 1 g analogues containing alkyl chains between 10–17 carbons. Using the dye JC‐1, the C12−C17 analogues efficiently disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (IC50s 3.5±1.2 to 7.6±1.1 μM) and impaired ATP production; shorter analogues were less active. 7‐Aminoactinomycin D/annexin V staining and flow cytometry showed that these agents activated the killing mechanisms of necrosis and apoptosis to varying extents (7‐aminoactinomycin D/annexin V staining ratios 4.3–6.0). Indeed, 1 g and its C17 analogue preferentially activated necrosis and apoptosis, respectively (ratios 2.1 and 16). Taken together, alkyl chain length is a determinant of mitochondrial targeting by aryl−ureas and can be varied to develop analogues that activate apoptosis or necrosis in a regulated fashion.
Striving for full disclosure—An intergenerational challenge
Authors: Al‐Samkari Hanny
Published: November 2019

It is no mystery to most health care professionals that prognostic disclosure to cancer patients in the United States is inadequate and needs improvement. Because this inadequacy crosses generations of oncologists, it prevents the instruction and evaluation of this critical skill in oncology fellows.
Framework Effects on Activation and Functionalisation of Methane in Zinc‐Exchanged Zeolites
Authors: Shah Meera A. , Raynes Samuel , Apperley David C. , Taylor Russell A.
Published: November 2019

The first selective oxidation of methane to methanol is reported herein for zinc‐exchanged MOR (Zn/MOR). Under identical conditions, Zn/FER and Zn/ZSM‐5 both form zinc formate and methanol. Selective methane activation to form [Zn‐CH3]+ species was confirmed by 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy for all three frameworks. The percentage of active zinc sites, measured through quantitative NMR spectroscopy studies, varied with the zeolite framework and was found to be ZSM‐5 (5.7 %), MOR (1.2 %) and FER (0.5 %). For Zn/MOR, two signals were observed in the 13C MAS NMR spectrum, resulting from two distinct [Zn‐CH3]+ species present in the 12 MR and 8 MR side pockets, as supported by additional NMR experiments. The observed products of oxidation of the [Zn‐CH3]+ species are shown to depend on the zeolite framework type and the oxidative conditions used. These results lay the foundation for developing structure–function correlations for methane conversion over zinc‐exchanged zeolites.
Securing Wireless Sensor Networks Against Denial‐of‐Sleep Attacks Using RSA Cryptography Algorithm and Interlock Protocol
Authors: Fotohi Reza , Firoozi Bari Somayyeh , Yusefi Mehdi
Published: November 2019

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been vastly employed in the collection and transmission of data via wireless networks. This type of network is nowadays used in many applications for surveillance activities in various environments due to its low cost and easy communications. In these networks, the sensors use a limited power source which after its depletion, since it is non‐renewable, network lifetime ends. Due to the weaknesses in sensor nodes, they are vulnerable to many threats. One notable attack threating WSN is Denial of Sleep (DoS). DoS attacks denotes the loss of energy in these sensors by keeping the nodes from going into sleep and energy‐saving mode. In this paper, the Abnormal Sensor Detection Accuracy (ASDA‐RSA) method is utilized to counteract DoS attacks to reducing the amount of energy consumed. The ASDA‐RSA schema in this paper consists of two phases to enhancement security in the WSNs. In the first phase, a clustering approach based on energy and distance is used to select the proper cluster head and in the second phase, the RSA cryptography algorithm and interlock protocol are used here along with an authentication method, to prevent DoS attacks. Moreover, ASDA‐RSA method is evaluated here via extensive simulations carried out in NS‐2. The simulation results indicate that the WSN network performance metrics are improved in terms of average throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), network lifetime, detection ratio, and average residual energy.
Pancreatic lymphoma: A cytologic diagnosis challenge
Authors: Savari Omid , Al‐Duwal Zaynab , Wang Zijian , Ganesan Santhi , Danan‐Rayes Rania , Ayub Salman
Published: November 2019

Very rarely lymphoma primarily or secondarily involves the pancreas. Involvement of the pancreatic parenchyma with lymphoma clinically may mimic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and other mass‐forming pancreatic lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is the first step in the diagnostic pathway of managing these patients by providing a cytology specimen. Cytologically, lymphoma of pancreas can be misdiagnosed for a wide variety of pancreatic neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesions. Cytological differential diagnosis includes well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma, acinar cell carcinoma, well differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, and autoimmune pancreatitis. Gastroenterologist's skills in providing adequate sample for preparing smears, cell blocks and/or performing flow cytometry, and also cytopathologist's skills in detecting atypical lymphocytic population are crucial factors. Although cytology examination has limitations to subclassify lymphoma, it plays a key role to redirect clinicians into the right patient‐care pathway. In this article, we present two cases of pancreatic lymphoma with emphasis on the discriminating cytomorphological features, and we also review literatures with reports of primary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) to better understand the characteristics of this rare lesion.
Avian ecological succession in the Amazon: A long‐term case study following experimental deforestation
Authors: Rutt Cameron L. , Jirinec Vitek , Cohn‐Haft Mario , Laurance William F. , Stouffer Philip C
Published: November 2019

Approximately 20% of the Brazilian Amazon has now been deforested, and the Amazon is currently experiencing the highest rates of deforestation in a decade, leading to large‐scale land‐use changes. Roads have consistently been implicated as drivers of ongoing Amazon deforestation and may act as corridors to facilitate species invasions. Long‐term data, however, are necessary to determine how ecological succession alters avian communities following deforestation and whether established roads lead to a constant influx of new species.

We used data across nearly 40 years from a large‐scale deforestation experiment in the central Amazon to examine the avian colonization process in a spatial and temporal framework, considering the role that roads may play in facilitating colonization.

Since 1979, 139 species that are not part of the original forest avifauna have been recorded, including more secondary forest species than expected based on the regional species pool. Among the 35 species considered to have colonized and become established, a disproportionate number were secondary forest birds (63%), almost all of which first appeared during the 1980s. These new residents comprise about 13% of the current community of permanent residents.

Widespread generalists associated with secondary forest colonized quickly following deforestation, with few new species added after the first decade, despite a stable road connection. Few species associated with riverine forest or specialized habitats colonized, despite road connection to their preferred source habitat. Colonizing species remained restricted to anthropogenic habitats and did not infiltrate old‐growth forests nor displace forest birds.

Deforestation and expansion of road networks into terra firme rainforest will continue to create degraded anthropogenic habitat. Even so, the initial pulse of colonization by nonprimary forest bird species was not the beginning of a protracted series of invasions in this study, and the process appears to be reversible by forest succession.
Enhancing Lipid Oxidative Stability of Cooked‐Chilled Lamb Meat through Dietary Rosemary Diterpenes
Authors: Ortuño Jordi , Inchingolo Raffaella , Delgado Paola , Cardenia Vladimiro , Rodriguez‐Estrada María Teresa , Jordán María José , Bañon Sancho
Published: November 2019

A dietary rosemary extract (DRE) containing carnosic acid and carnosol at 1:1 (w/w) for enhancing the lipid oxidative stability in cooked‐chilled lamb meat, is evaluated. Three diets for fattening lambs are tested: i) a cereal‐based concentrate (C‐diet); ii) the C‐diet plus 600 mg vitamin E per kg feed (E‐diet); and iii) the C‐diet plus 600 mg rosemary diterpenes per kg feed (R‐diet). Griddled‐chilled lamb patties are kept at 4 °C and lighting for 2 days, simulating catering conditions. Diterpenes have a lower deposition rate than vitamin E in lamb muscle and are completely degraded during cooking. DRE is thus less effective than dietary vitamin E in enhancing the oxidative stability of the patties. After 2‐day storage, the R‐diet shows lower (p < 0.01) peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances than the C‐diet, while, in contrast to the E‐diet, it does not inhibit (p > 0.05) the formation of cholesterol oxidation products. The R‐diet increases (p < 0.05) the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreases (p < 0.05) the n‐6/n‐3 ratio. These findings suggest antioxidant protection by dietary bioactive compounds beyond the direct radical scavenging activity that is able to stabilize lipids during the meat shelf‐life.

Practical Applications: Cooked‐chilled meat lipids strongly oxidize in ready‐to‐eat dishes kept in retailing conditions, which may negatively affect their levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), cholesterol oxidation products (COP), and other lipid oxidation products. Dietary rosemary diterpenes can be used as a clean alternative to feed additives to enhance the oxidative stability of cooked‐chilled meat. Improved health and antioxidant status of the animal might be able to reduce oxidative spoilage during meat shelf‐life. Diterpenes provide lesser antioxidant protection than dietary vitamin E but may improve the PUFA content, with positive implications for the nutritional quality of lamb fat. The use of dietary antioxidants with different properties may contribute to improving the efficacy of animal feeds to improve meat quality.
A renal cell carcinoma with EWSR1‐TFE3 fusion gene
Authors: Lang Xing‐Ping , Pan Jian , Yang Chun‐Xiao , Chen Ping , Shi Chang‐Chun , Hong Yang , Wang Jian , Xiao Sheng
Published: November 2019

Both EWSR1 and TFE3 are well‐known oncogenes. EWSR1 encodes an RNA‐binding protein involved in multiple soft tissue tumors, including Ewing's sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, desmoplastic small round cell tumor, soft tissue clear cell sarcoma (malignant melanoma of soft parts), extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, and myxoid liposarcomas. TFE3 regulates both Golgi and lysosomal homeostasis and is rearranged in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), alveolar soft part sarcoma, epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and perivascular epitheloid cell tumors (PEComas). In this report, we found a rare case of RCC with a fusion between 5′ EWSR1 and 3′ TFE3. The fusion product retained most functional motifs of TFE3. The oncogenic mechanism likely involves TFE3 overexpression through its juxtaposition with the regulatory elements of EWSR1 and its translocation to the nucleus, resulting in the deregulation of Golgi and lysosomal homeostasis. This is a second case of RCC containing EWSR1‐TFE3 fusion.