bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CLINICAL CASE OF COVID-19 IN A NEWBORN
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Alferovich E. N. , Loginova I. A. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Ustinovich A. A. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Sarzhevskaya E. A. ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: April 2021

The problem of coronavirus infection has captured the whole world. In one year, the views on the disease itself and its treatment have radically changed. Doctors all over the world cannot give definite answers to a number of questions regarding this virus and its impact on newborn babies. Low susceptibility to coronavirus in young children may be due to some peculiarities of the immune system. Today it is considered to be the main ways of transmission of the virus are airborne and contact. However, the airborne route of infection in newborns is unlikely, because from birth the child is isolated from the sick mother. The issue of the vertical transmission of the virus from an infected mother to a child is discussed. There is no evidence of transmission of coronavirus through breast milk. The diagnosis of coronavirus infection in children is established with a positive epidemiological history and with 2 clinical symptoms with laboratory confirmation. The article presents a single clinical case of coronavirus infection in a newborn. The possible ways of infection of the newborn, the clinical picture, the possibility of joint stay of the mother and the child, breastfeeding, and treatment of the newborn are discussed.
ANALYSIS OF LATE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE IN CHILDREN OVER 5 YEARS OLD
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Govorukhina O. A. , Prokopenya N. S. , Sukharev S. A. , Pataleta O. A. , Khomich V. M. ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: April 2021

Frequent complications of Hirschsprung's disease and other disorders of intestinal motility are problems of late or erroneous diagnosis, and sometimes to a greater extent than complications of surgical techniques when performing surgical interventions. However, there are still cases of late diagnosis of the disease, which inevitably leads to technical difficulties during surgical treatment and an increase in the size of the colon resection. Secondary changes in the intestinal wall worsen the functional results of defect correction.
THE STRUCTURE OF DENTAL ANOMALIES AND THE NEED FOR ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF PERSONS 20-23 YEARS OLD
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, Gorlachova T. V. , Terekhova T. N. ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Avrusevich N. V. ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: April 2021

The frequency of dentoalveolar anomalies and the need for orthodontic treatment were studied according to the IOTN index of 79 young people of both sexes aged 20—23 years. It was found that there is no statistically significant difference in the frequency of dentoalveolar anomalies among persons of both sexes. 95 % of the surveyed have any dentoalveolar anomalies: 51,9 % — malocclusion, 75,9 % — anomalies of the dentition, 84,8 % — anomalies of the teeth; high need for orthodontic treatment according to the dental component of the IOTN index was found in 6,3 % of the surveyed, the average degree — in 43,0 %, do not need orthodontic treatment 50,6 % of surveyed; according to the aesthetic component of the IOTN index do not need orthodontic treatment or need light intervention 100 % of the surveyed children.
Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China and the Middle East
Authors: David Liji M. , Barth Mary , Höglund-Isaksson Lena , Purohit Pallav , Velders Guus J. M. , Glaser Sam , Ravishankara Akkihebbal R.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We have investigated trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) formation from emissions of HFO-1234yf, its dry and wet deposition, and rainwater concentration over India, China, and the Middle East with GEOS-Chem and WRF-Chem models. We estimated the TFA deposition and rainwater concentrations between 2020 and 2040 for four previously published HFO-1234yf emission scenarios to bound the possible levels of TFA. We evaluated the capability of GEOS-Chem to capture the wet deposition process by comparing calculated sulfate in rainwater with observations. Our calculated TFA amounts over the U.S., Europe, and China were comparable to those previously reported when normalized to the same emission. A significant proportion of TFA was found to be deposited outside the emission regions. The mean and the extremes of TFA rainwater concentrations calculated for the four emission scenarios from GEOS-Chem and WRF-Chem were orders of magnitude below the no observable effect concentration. The ecological and human health impacts now and the continued use of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East are estimated to be insignificant based on the current understanding, as summarized by Neale et al. (2021).
Spatial and temporal variability in the hydroxyl (OH) radical: understanding the role of large-scale climate features and their influence on OH through its dynamical and photochemical drivers
Authors: Anderson Daniel C. , Duncan Bryan N. , Fiore Arlene M. , Baublitz Colleen B. , Follette-Cook Melanie B. , Nicely Julie M. , Wolfe Glenn M.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) is the primary atmospheric oxidant responsible for removing many important trace gases, including methane, from the atmosphere. Although robust relationships between OH drivers and modes of climate variability have been shown, the underlying mechanisms between OH and these climate modes, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we use a chemical transport model to perform a 38 year simulation of atmospheric chemistry, in conjunction with satellite observations, to understand the relationship between tropospheric OH and ENSO, Northern Hemispheric modes of variability, the Indian Ocean Dipole, and monsoons. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and regression analyses show that ENSO is the dominant mode of global OH variability in the tropospheric column and upper troposphere, responsible for approximately 30 % of the total variance in boreal winter. Reductions in OH due to El Niño are centered over the tropical Pacific and Australia and can be as high as 10 %–15 % in the tropospheric column. The relationship between ENSO and OH is driven by changes in nitrogen oxides in the upper troposphere and changes in water vapor and O1D in the lower troposphere. While the correlations between monsoons or other modes of variability and OH span smaller spatial scales than for ENSO, regional changes in OH can be significantly larger than those caused by ENSO. Similar relationships occur in multiple models that participated in the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI), suggesting that the dependence of OH interannual variability on these well-known modes of climate variability is robust. Finally, the spatial pattern and r2 values of correlation between ENSO and modeled OH drivers – such as carbon monoxide, water vapor, lightning, and, to a lesser extent, NO2 – closely agree with satellite observations. The ability of satellite products to capture the relationship between OH drivers and ENSO provides an avenue to an indirect OH observation strategy and new constraints on OH variability.
Impact of organic molecular structure on the estimation of atmospherically relevant physicochemical parameters
Authors: Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel , Aumont Bernard
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Many methods are currently available for estimating physicochemical properties of atmospherically relevant compounds. Though a substantial body of literature has focused on the development and intercomparison of methods based on molecular structure, there has been an increasing focus on methods based only
on molecular formula. However, prior work has not quantified the extent to
which isomers of the same formula may differ in their properties or,
relatedly, the extent to which lacking or ignoring molecular structure
degrades estimates of parameters. Such an evaluation is complicated by the
fact that structure-based methods bear significant uncertainty and are
typically not well constrained for atmospherically relevant molecules. Using
species produced in the modeled atmospheric oxidation of three representative
atmospheric hydrocarbons, we demonstrate here that estimated differences
between isomers are greater than differences between three widely used
estimation methods. Specifically, isomers tend to differ in their estimated
vapor pressures and Henry's law constants by a half to a full order of
magnitude greater than differences between estimation methods, and they differ in
their rate constant for reaction with OH radicals (kOH) by a
factor of 2. Formula-based estimation of these parameters, using certain
methods, is shown to agree with structure-based estimates with little bias and
approximately normally distributed error. Specifically, vapor pressure can be
estimated using a combination of two existing methods, Henry's law constants
can be estimated based on vapor pressure, and kOH can be
approximated as a constant for all formulas containing a given set of
elements. Formula-based estimation is, therefore, reasonable when applied to a
mixture of isomers but creates uncertainty commensurate with the lack of
structural information.
Asymmetry and pathways of inter-hemispheric transport in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
Authors: Yan Xiaolu , Konopka Paul , Hauck Marius , Podglajen Aurélien , Ploeger Felix
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Inter-hemispheric transport may strongly affect the trace gas composition of the atmosphere, especially in relation to anthropogenic emissions, which
originate mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. This study investigates the transport from the boundary surface layer of the northern hemispheric (NH)
extratropics (30–90∘ N), southern hemispheric (SH) extratropics (30–90∘ S), and tropics (30∘ S–30∘ N) into the
global upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) using simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). In particular,
we diagnose inter-hemispheric transport in terms of the air mass fractions (AMFs), age spectra, and the mean age of air (AoA) calculated for these three
source regions. We find that the AMFs from the NH extratropics to the UTLS are about 5 times larger than the corresponding contributions from the SH
extratropics and almost 20 times smaller than those from the tropics. The amplitude of the AMF seasonal variability originating from the NH
extratropics is comparable to that from the tropics. The NH and SH extratropical age spectra show much stronger seasonality compared to the seasonality
of the tropical age spectra. The transit time of NH-extratropical-origin air to the SH extratropics is longer than vice versa. The asymmetry of the
inter-hemispheric transport is mainly driven by the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). We confirm the important role of ASM and westerly ducts in the
inter-hemispheric transport from the NH extratropics to the SH. Furthermore, we find that it is an interplay between the ASM and westerly ducts which
triggers such cross-Equator transport from boreal summer to fall in the UTLS between 350 and 370 K.
Upwelling-induced trace gas dynamics in the Baltic Sea inferred from 8 years of autonomous measurements on a ship of opportunity
Authors: Jacobs Erik , Bittig Henry C. , Gräwe Ulf , Graves Carolyn A. , Glockzin Michael , Müller Jens D. , Schneider Bernd , Rehder Gregor
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Autonomous measurements aboard ships of opportunity (SOOP) provide in situ data sets with high spatial and temporal coverage. In this study, we use 8 years of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) observations from SOOP Finnmaid to study the influence of upwelling on trace gas dynamics in the Baltic Sea. Between spring and autumn, coastal upwelling transports water masses enriched with CO2 and CH4 to the surface of the Baltic Sea. We study the seasonality, regional distribution, relaxation, and interannual variability in this process. We use reanalysed wind and modelled sea surface temperature (SST) data in a newly established statistical upwelling detection method to identify major upwelling areas and time periods. Large upwelling-induced SST decrease and trace gas concentration increase are most frequently detected around August after a long period of thermal stratification, i.e. limited exchange between surface and underlying waters. We found that these upwelling events with large SST excursions shape local trace gas dynamics and often lead to near-linear relationships between increasing trace gas levels and decreasing temperature. Upwelling relaxation is mainly driven by mixing, modulated by air–sea gas exchange, and possibly primary production. Subsequent warming through air–sea heat exchange has the potential to enhance trace gas saturation. In 2015, quasi-continuous upwelling over several months led to weak summer stratification, which directly impacted the observed trace gas and SST dynamics in several upwelling-prone areas. Trend analysis is still prevented by the observed high variability, uncertainties from data coverage, and long water residence times of 10–30 years. We introduce an extrapolation method based on trace gas–SST relationships that allows us to estimate upwelling-induced trace gas fluxes in upwelling-affected regions. In general, the surface water reverses from CO2 sink to source, and CH4 outgassing is intensified as a consequence of upwelling. We conclude that SOOP data, especially when combined with other data sets, enable flux quantification and process studies addressing the process of upwelling on large spatial and temporal scales.
Optimal model complexity for terrestrial carbon cycle prediction
Authors: Famiglietti Caroline A. , Smallman T. Luke , Levine Paul A. , Flack-Prain Sophie , Quetin Gregory R. , Meyer Victoria , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Stettz Stephanie G. , Yang Yan , Bonal Damien , Bloom A. Anthony , Williams Mathew , Konings Alexandra G.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The terrestrial carbon cycle plays a critical role in
modulating the interactions of climate with the Earth system, but different
models often make vastly different predictions of its behavior. Efforts to
reduce model uncertainty have commonly focused on model structure, namely by
introducing additional processes and increasing structural complexity.
However, the extent to which increased structural complexity can directly
improve predictive skill is unclear. While adding processes may improve
realism, the resulting models are often encumbered by a greater number of
poorly determined or over-generalized parameters. To guide efficient model
development, here we map the theoretical relationship between model
complexity and predictive skill. To do so, we developed 16 structurally
distinct carbon cycle models spanning an axis of complexity and incorporated
them into a model–data fusion system. We calibrated each model at six
globally distributed eddy covariance sites with long observation time series
and under 42 data scenarios that resulted in different degrees of parameter
uncertainty. For each combination of site, data scenario, and model, we then
predicted net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and leaf area index (LAI) for
validation against independent local site data. Though the maximum model
complexity we evaluated is lower than most traditional terrestrial biosphere
models, the complexity range we explored provides universal insight into the
inter-relationship between structural uncertainty, parametric uncertainty,
and model forecast skill. Specifically, increased complexity only improves
forecast skill if parameters are adequately informed (e.g., when NEE observations
are used for calibration). Otherwise, increased complexity can degrade skill
and an intermediate-complexity model is optimal. This finding remains
consistent regardless of whether NEE or LAI is predicted. Our COMPLexity
EXperiment (COMPLEX) highlights the importance of robust observation-based
parameterization for land surface modeling and suggests that data
characterizing net carbon fluxes will be key to improving decadal
predictions of high-dimensional terrestrial biosphere models.
Bioerosion and fungal colonization of the invasive foraminiferan Amphistegina lobifera in a Mediterranean seagrass meadow
Authors: Vohník Martin
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Foraminiferans are diverse micro- to macroscopic protists
abundant especially in (sub)tropical seas, often forming characteristic
benthic communities known as “living sands”. Numerous species have
migrated through the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean and one of them, i.e.,
Amphistegina lobifera, turned invasive, gradually outcompeting the indigenous species. At some
places, A. lobifera creates thick seabed sediments, thus becoming an important
environmental engineer. However, little is known about the turnover of its
shells in the invaded ecosystems. Using vital staining, stereomicroscopy,
scanning electron microscopy, and cultivation and DNA fingerprinting, I
investigated the vital status, destruction/decomposition and mycobiota of
A. lobifera in the rhizosphere of the dominant Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica in an underwater
Maltese meadow (average 284 shells g−1, representing 28.5 % of dry substrate
weight), in comparison with epiphytic specimens and P. oceanica roots. While 78 % of
the epiphytes were alive, nearly all substrate specimens were dead. On
average, 80 % of the epiphytes were intact compared to 21 % of the
substrate specimens. Abiotic dissolution and mechanical damage played only a minor role, but some bioerosion was detected in 18 % and >70 % of the epiphytic and substrate specimens, respectively. Few
bioerosion traces could be attributed to fungi, and the majority probably
belonged to photoautotrophs. The seagrass roots displayed fungal
colonization typical for this species and yielded 81 identified isolates,
while the surface-sterilized substrate specimens surprisingly yielded no
cultivable fungi compared to 16 other identified isolates obtained from the
epiphytes. While the epiphytes' mycobiota was dominated by
ascomycetous generalists also known from terrestrial ecosystems (alongside
with, for example, a relative of the “rock-eating” extremophiles), the roots were
dominated by the seagrass-specific dark septate endophyte Posidoniomyces atricolor and additionally
contained a previously unreported lulworthioid mycobiont. In conclusion, at
the investigated locality, dead A. lobifera shells seem to be regularly bioeroded by endolithic non-fungal organisms, which may counterbalance their accumulation in the seabed substrate.
On the phenomenon of the blue sun
Authors: Wullenweber Nellie , Lange Anna , Rozanov Alexei , von Savigny Christian
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This study examines the cause of the blue colour of the sun as observed after the eruption of Krakatao in 1883 as well as other volcanic eruptions or massive forest fire events. Aerosol particles, e.g. volcanic ash or products of biomass burning, are believed to be able to modify the spectral distribution of transmitted solar radiation making it appear blue or green to a human observer. Previous studies already showed that narrow aerosol particle size distributions with radii on the order of about 500 nm can lead to anomalous scattering; i.e. scattering cross sections increasing with increasing wavelength in the visible spectral range. In this work we treat the effect of Rayleigh scattering on the shape of the transmitted solar spectrum correctly employing radiative transfer (RT) simulations with the SCIATRAN RT-model. The colour associated with solar transmission spectra is determined based on the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) colour matching functions and CIE chromaticity values. It is shown that a blue sun can be simulated for aerosol optical depths (at 550 nm) of about τ=0.5 (or higher) if Rayleigh scattering is taken into account. Without considering Rayleigh scattering – as in most of the previous studies – a blue sun is in principle produced with aerosol optical depths as low as about τ=0.1 (at 550 nm) if the aerosol particle size distribution is chosen to maximize anomalous scattering in the visible spectral range. It is demonstrated that Rayleigh scattering – as expected – has a strong impact on the transmission spectrum, particularly at low solar-elevation angles, and needs to be considered for a correct determination of the perceived colour of the sun. We also test the hypothesis that the blue sun after the eruption of Krakatao was caused by large abundances of water vapour in the atmosphere, as proposed in earlier studies. In addition, we present a case study on a particularly noteworthy blue sun event in the past, i.e. the one related to the large Canadian forest fires in September 1950.
A new satellite-derived dataset for marine aquaculture areas in China's coastal region
Authors: Fu Yongyong , Deng Jinsong , Wang Hongquan , Comber Alexis , Yang Wu , Wu Wenqiang , You Shixue , Lin Yi , Wang Ke
Published: May 2021

Abstract. China has witnessed extensive development of the marine
aquaculture industry over recent years. However, such rapid and disordered
expansion posed risks to coastal environment, economic development, and
biodiversity protection. This study aimed to produce an accurate
national-scale marine aquaculture map at a spatial resolution of 16 m, using
a proposed model based on deep convolution neural networks (CNNs) and applied
it to satellite data from China's GF-1 sensor in an end-to-end way. The
analyses used homogeneous CNNs to extract high-dimensional features from the
input imagery and preserve information at full resolution. Then, a
hierarchical cascade architecture was followed to capture multi-scale
features and contextual information. This hierarchical cascade homogeneous
neural network (HCHNet) was found to achieve better classification
performance than current state-of-the-art models (FCN-32s, Deeplab V2,
U-Net, and HCNet). The resulting marine aquaculture area map has an overall
classification accuracy > 95 % (95.2 %–96.4, 95 %
confidence interval). And marine aquaculture was found to cover a total area
of ∼ 1100 km2 (1096.8–1110.6 km2, 95 %
confidence interval) in China, of which more than 85 % is marine plant
culture areas, with 87 % found in the Fujian, Shandong, Liaoning, and
Jiangsu provinces. The results confirm the applicability and effectiveness
of HCHNet when applied to GF-1 data, identifying notable spatial
distributions of different marine aquaculture areas and supporting the
sustainable management and ecological assessments of coastal resources at a
national scale. The national-scale marine aquaculture map at 16 m spatial
resolution is published in the Google Maps kmz file format with
georeferencing information at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3881612 (Fu et
al., 2020).
Accounting for meteorological effects in the the detector of the charged component of cosmic rays
Authors: Philippov Maxim , Makhmutov Vladimir , Bazilevskaya Galina , Zagumennov Fedor , Fomenko Vladimir , Stozhkov Yuri , Orlov Andrey
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In this paper, we discuss the influence of meteorological effects on the data of the ground installation CARPET, which is a detector of the charged component of secondary cosmic rays (CRs). This device is designed in the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI, Moscow, Russia) and installed at the Dolgoprudny scientific station (Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, S55.56 °, W37.3 °; Rc = 2.12 GV) in 2017. Based on the data obtained in 2019–2020, the barometric and temperature coefficients for the CARPET installation were determined. The barometric coefficient was calculated from the data of the barometric pressure sensor included in the installation. To determine the temperature effect, we used the data of upper-air sounding of the atmosphere obtained by the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Central Aerological Observatory» (CAO), also located in Dolgoprudny.
Extending legacy climate models by adaptive mesh refinement for single-component tracer transport: a case study with ECHAM6-HAMMOZ (ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3-MOZ1.0)
Authors: Chen Yumeng , Simon Konrad , Behrens Jörn
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The model error in climate models depends on mesh resolution, among
other factors. While global refinement of the computational mesh is
often not feasible computationally, adaptive mesh refinement (AMR)
can be an option for spatially localized features. Creating a
climate model with AMR has been prohibitive so far. We use AMR in
one single-model component, namely the tracer transport scheme. Particularly, we integrate AMR into the tracer transport module of
the atmospheric model ECHAM6 and test our implementation in several
idealized scenarios and in a realistic application scenario (dust
transport). To achieve this goal, we modify the flux-form
semi-Lagrangian (FFSL) transport scheme in ECHAM6 such that we can
use it on adaptive meshes while retaining all important properties (such as mass conservation) of the original FFSL implementation. Our
proposed AMR scheme is dimensionally split and ensures that
high-resolution information is always propagated on (locally) highly
resolved meshes. We utilize a data structure that can
accommodate an adaptive Gaussian grid. We demonstrate that our AMR scheme improves both accuracy and
efficiency compared to the original FFSL scheme. More importantly,
our approach improves the representation of transport processes in
ECHAM6 for coarse-resolution simulations. Hence, this
paper suggests that we can overcome the overhead of developing a
fully adaptive Earth system model by integrating AMR into single
components while leaving data structures of the dynamical core
untouched. This enables studies to retain well-tested and complex
legacy code of existing models while still improving the
accuracy of specific components without sacrificing efficiency.
Comparison of ocean vertical mixing schemes in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2)
Authors: Gutjahr Oliver , Brüggemann Nils , Haak Helmuth , Jungclaus Johann H. , Putrasahan Dian A. , Lohmann Katja , von Storch Jin-Song
Published: May 2021

Abstract. For the first time, we compare the effects of four different ocean vertical mixing schemes on the mean state of the ocean and atmosphere in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM1.2). These four schemes are namely the default Pacanowski and Philander (1981) (PP) scheme, the K-profile parameterization (KPP) from the Community Vertical Mixing (CVMix) library, a recently implemented scheme based on turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and a recently developed prognostic scheme for internal wave dissipation, energy, and mixing (IDEMIX) to replace the often assumed constant background diffusivity in the ocean interior. In this study, the IDEMIX scheme is combined with the TKE scheme (collectively called the TKE+IDEMIX scheme) to provide an energetically more consistent framework for mixing, as it does not rely on the unwanted effect of creating spurious energy for mixing. Energetic consistency can have implications on the climate. Therefore, we focus on the effects of TKE+IDEMIX on the climate mean state and compare them with the first three schemes that are commonly used in other models but are not energetically consistent. We find warmer sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas using KPP or TKE(+IDEMIX), which is related to 10 % higher overflows that cause a stronger and deeper upper cell of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and thereby an enhanced northward heat transport and higher inflow of warm and saline water from the Indian Ocean into the South Atlantic. Saltier subpolar North Atlantic and Nordic Seas lead to increased deep convection and thus to the increased overflows. Due to the warmer SSTs, the extratropics of the Northern Hemisphere become warmer with TKE(+IDEMIX), weakening the meridional gradient and thus the jet stream. With KPP, the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere also become warmer without weakening the jet stream. Using an energetically more consistent scheme (TKE+IDEMIX) produces a more heterogeneous and realistic pattern of vertical eddy diffusivity, with lower diffusivities in deep and flat-bottom basins and elevated turbulence over rough topography. IDEMIX improves in particular the diffusivity in the Arctic Ocean and reduces the warm bias in the Atlantic Water layer. We conclude that although shortcomings due to model resolution determine the global-scale bias pattern, the choice of the vertical mixing scheme may play an important role for regional biases.
pyPI (v1.3): Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity Calculations in Python
Authors: Gilford Daniel M.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Potential intensity (PI) is the maximum speed limit of a tropical cyclone
found by modeling the storm as a thermal heat engine. Because there are
significant correlations between PI and actual storm wind speeds, PI is a
useful diagnostic for evaluating or predicting tropical cyclone intensity
climatology and variability. Previous studies have calculated PI given a set
of atmospheric and oceanographic conditions, but although a PI algorithm –
originally developed by Kerry Emanuel – is in widespread use, it remains
under-documented. The Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity Calculations in
Python (pyPI, v1.3) package develops the PI algorithm in Python and for the
first time details the full background and algorithm (line by line) used to
compute tropical cyclone potential intensity constrained by
thermodynamics. The pyPI package (1) provides a freely available, flexible,
validated Python PI algorithm, (2) carefully documents the PI algorithm and
its Python implementation, and (3) demonstrates and encourages the use of PI
theory in tropical cyclone analyses. Validation shows pyPI output is nearly
identical to the previous potential intensity computation but is an
improvement on the algorithm's consistency and handling of missing
data. Example calculations with reanalyses data demonstrate pyPI's usefulness
in climatological and meteorological research. Planned future improvements
will improve on pyPI's assumptions, flexibility, and range of applications and
tropical cyclone thermodynamic calculations.
Demonstrating the impact of integrated drought policies on hydrological droughts
Authors: Wendt Doris E. , Bloomfield John P. , Van Loon Anne F. , Garcia Margaret , Heudorfer Benedikt , Larsen Joshua , Hannah David M.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Managing water-human systems in times of water shortage and droughts is key to avoid overexploitation of water resources, particularly for groundwater, which is a crucial water resource during droughts sustaining both environmental and anthropogenic water demand. Drought management is often guided by drought policies to avoid crisis management and to actively introduce management strategies during droughts. However, the impact of drought management strategies on hydrological droughts is rarely assessed. In this study, we present a newly developed socio-hydrological model, simulating feedbacks between water availability and managed water use over three decades. Thereby, we aim to assess the impact of drought policies on both surface water and groundwater droughts. We tested this model in an idealised catchment based on climate data, water resource management practices, and drought policies in England. The model includes surface water storage (reservoir), groundwater storage for a range of hydrogeological conditions and optional imported surface water or groundwater. These modelled water sources can all be used to satisfy anthropogenic and environmental water demand. We tested four aspects of drought management strategies: 1) increased water supply, 2) restricted water demand, 3) conjunctive water use, and 4) maintained environmental flow requirements by restricting groundwater abstractions. These four strategies were evaluated in separate and combined scenarios. Results show mitigated droughts for both streamflow and groundwater droughts in scenarios applying conjunctive use, particularly in low groundwater storage systems. In high groundwater storage systems, maintaining environmental flows reduces hydrological droughts most. Scenarios increasing or restricting water demand have an opposing effect on droughts, although these scenarios are in balance when combined at the same time. Most combined scenarios reduce the severity and occurrence of hydrological droughts given an incremental dependency on imported water that satisfies up to a third of the total anthropogenic water demand. The necessity for importing water shows the considerable pressure on water resources and the delicate balance of water-human systems during droughts that calls for short-term and long-term sustainability targets within drought policies.
Implementing COVIDSafe: The Role of Trustworthiness and Information Privacy Law
Authors: Burdon Mark , Wang Brydon
Published: May 2021

Governments worldwide view contact tracing as a key tool to mitigate COVID-19 community transmission. Contact tracing investigations are time consuming and labour intensive. Mobile phone location tracking has been a new data-driven option to potentially obviate investigative inefficiencies. However, using mobile phone apps for contact tracing purposes gives rise to complex privacy issues. Governmental presentation and implementation of contact tracing apps, therefore, requires careful and sensitive delivery of a coherent policy position to establish citizen trust, which is an essential component of uptake and use. This article critically examines the Australian Government’s initial implementation of the COVIDSafe app. We outline a series of implementation misalignments that juxtapose an underpinning regulatory rationality predicated on the implementation of information privacy law protections with rhetorical campaigns to reinforce different justifications for the app’s use. We then examine these implementation misalignments from Mayer and colleagues’ lens of trustworthiness (1995) and its three core domains: ability, integrity and benevolence. The three domains are used to examine how the Australian Government’s implementation strategy provided a confused understanding of processes that enhance trustworthiness in the adoption of new technologies. In conclusion, we provide a better understanding about securing trustworthiness in new technologies through the establishment of a value consensus that requires alignment of regulatory rationales and rhetorical campaigning.
Addition of computed tomography chest increases the diagnosis rate in patients with suspected intestinal tuberculosis
Authors: Kedia Saurabh , Sharma Raju , Vuyyuru Sudheer Kumar , Madhu Deepak , Sahu Pabitra , Kante Bhaskar , Das Prasenjit , Goyal Ankur , Madan Karan , Makharia Govind , Ahuja Vineet
Published: May 2021

Background/Aims: Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is difficult to diagnose due to poor sensitivity of definitive diagnostic tests. ITB may be associated with concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) which may remain undetected on chest X-ray. We assessed the role of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) chest in detecting the prevalence of active PTB, and increasing the diagnostic yield in patients with suspected ITB. Methods: Consecutive treatment naïve patients with suspected ITB (n=200) who underwent CECT chest (n=88) and had follow-up duration>1 year were recruited in this retrospective study (February 2016 to October 2018). ITB was diagnosed in the presence of caseating granuloma, positive acid fast stain or culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis on biopsy, presence of necrotic lymph nodes (LNs) on CT enterography or positive response to anti-tubercular therapy. Evidence of active tuberculosis on CECT-chest was defined as presence of centrilobular nodules with or without consolidation/miliary nodules/thick-walled cavity/enlarged necrotic mediastinal LNs. Results: Sixty-five of eighty-eight patients (mean age, 33.8±12.8 years; 47.7% of females) were finally diagnosed as ITB (4-caseating granuloma on biopsy, 12-necrotic LNs on CT enterography, 1-both, and 48-response to anti-tubercular therapy) and 23 were diagnosed as Crohn’s disease. Findings of active TB on CECT chest with or without necrotic abdominal LNs were demonstrated in 5 and 20 patients, respectively. No patient with Crohn’s disease had necrotic abdominal LNs or active PTB. Addition of CECT chest in the diagnostic algorithm improved the sensitivity of ITB diagnosis from 26.2% to 56.9%.Conclusions: Addition of CECT chest significantly improves the sensitivity for definite diagnosis in a patient with suspected ITB.
Enkulturasi Nilai Karakter Melalui Permainan Tradisional Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Siti Anisah Ani , Holis Ade
Published: April 2021

Proses penanaman karakter di sekolah selama ini berlangsung secara tidak langsung sehingga berdampak kepada kurang terbangunnya karakter peserta didik. Didukung oleh perkembangan teknologi yang melahirkan berbagai inovasi telah menggeser nilai-nilai budaya yang dianut masyarakat dan melemahkan kekuatan karakter bangsa. Lembaga pendidikan memiliki peran dalam memperbaiki lemahnya sumber daya manusia terutama karakter, bahkan tripusat pendidikan harus bersinergi dalam membangun karakter peserta didik sejak dini. Pendidikan tingkat dasar merupakan akar pendidikan yang paling mendasar sehingga keberhasilannya sangat menentukan proses belajar peserta didik pada jenjang selanjutnya. Pemberlakuan Kurikulum 2013 salah satunya bertujuan untuk memperbaiki karakter peserta didik. Pembelajaran tematik integrative diterapkan dengan mengaitkan berbagai mata pelajaran yang ada dengan permasalahan-permasalahan yang dijumpai di sekitar sehingga pembelajaran menjadi kontekstual dengan konsep belajar learning by doing. Disamping itu pendidik dituntut kreatif dalam mengembangkan bahan ajar, memilih sumber dan media belajar yang tersedia di lingkungan sekitar. Proses mempelajari nilai budaya local dapat dilakukan melalui pembelajaran tematik agar terjadi proses enkulturasi nilai karakter, karena proses enkulturasi merupakan proses alamiah yang terjadi di lingkungan pendidikan baik formal, informal maupun non formal. Pada pendidikan formal pendidik dituntut untuk memperhatikan karakteristik peserta didik usia sekolah dasar sehingga pendidik harus lebih kreatif dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran yang mengandung unsur permainan, menciptakan lingkungan teman sebaya yang mengajarkan keterampilan fisik, bersosialisasi, bekerjasama, kontekstual, dan mampu mengembangkan nilai karakter selama proses pembelajaran.

Kata Kunci: Enkulturasi, Nilai-nilai Karakter, Permainan Tradisional, Pembelajaran Tematik, Sekolah Dasar
Modernización curricular en la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana: una aplicación a la seccional Palmira
Authors: Upegui Córdoba María Adelaida | , Ospina Nieto Yovany , Ortega Zúñiga Edwin Javier
Published: April 2021

En este artículo se describe el proyecto investigativo titulado “Modernización curricular en la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Seccional Palmira”, cuyo propósito fue diseñar un programa de modernización curricular para integrar conscientemente en su comunidad académico y administrativa- la carta de navegación Proyecto Institucional (PI) y el Modelo Pedagógico Integrado (MPI) que rige a la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Seccional Palmira.
The State of Astronomy Education in Iran: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Jafari Saeed
Published: April 2021

Astronomy has a long history in Iran. Our ancestors were pioneered in astronomy and from ancient years was an excelled country in the construction and use of astronomical buildings. Today, there are more than 200 local astronomical societies and centers in the country that the amateur astronomy community has played a significant and influential role in the education and promotion of astronomy to the general public since 2000. A greater part of astronomy education was provided by amateur astronomers through outreaching events, observing nights, and education and outreach projects. Another part of it has been disseminated by science journalists who are amateur astronomers and astronomer teachers in the media and newspapers. Considering the enormous potential that has existed in the growth and development of Iranians in the field of astronomy, in the meantime, challenges such as the specific cultural and social constraints for women's activities, lack of sufficient knowledge of the teachers as well as the training required for them, the lack of a standard curriculum for teaching astronomy and network of astronomy teachers, and also economic barriers, have caused socio-economic development and education through Astronomy to grow less in Iran. This survey suggests challenges for teaching astronomy in general.
Astro Tourism sites in Georgia
Authors: Kochiashvili Nino
Published: April 2021

The main astro site in Georgia is the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory. The history of astronomy in Georgia begins no later than IX century. During the Middle Ages, there were at least four observatories in Georgia, including the Arab Observatory in Tbilisi (Narikala – a fortress). This observatory operated between IX-XIV centuries. Two other observatories functioned in monasteries in eastern part and one - in western part of the country. All these places are active touristic sites in Georgia.
Proses Keperawatan dan Soal Uji Kompetensi Ners Indonesia: Lengkap dengan Sembilan Bagian Keilmuan Keperawatan
Authors:   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Husna Cut , Darmawati Darmawati ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Rahayuningsih Sri Intan ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Martina Martina ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Fithria Fithria ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Maulina Maulina ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Syarif Hilman ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Yuswardi Yuswardi ,   Keperawatan, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: April 2021

Uji kompetensi merupakan suatu proses yang harus dilalui oleh setiap lulusan profesi keperawatan untuk mendapatkan Sertiﬁkat Profesi dan Surat Tanda Registrasi (STR). Hal ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi mahasiswa profesi keperawatan untuk dapat lulus tepat waktu dan lulus dalam Uji Kompetensi Ners Indonesia yang dilaksanakan secara berkala. Buku ini merupakan panduan bagi calon Ners dalam mengikuti uji kompetensi sehingga diharapkan dapat membuka wawasan mahasiswa tentang uji kompetensi dan kumpulan soal-soal uji kompetensi. Uji Kompetensi Ners Indonesia (UKNI) merupakan suatu proses untuk mendapatkan pengakuan terhadap kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh seorang tenaga kesehatan dalam menjalankan profesinya dengan cara mengukur pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sikap tenaga kesehatan sesuai dengan standar profesinya.
Farmakologi-Obat Tradisional Hewan: Prospek Wedelia Biflora
Authors:   Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Rinidar Rinidar , Isa M. ,   Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, TR T. Armansyah ,   Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Hasan M. ,   Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Syiah Kuala
Published: April 2021

Pada cetakan pertama ini pembahasan difokuskan kepada tentang sejarah pengembangan obat tradisional di Indonesia, juga mengkaji hasil hasil penelitian terhadap tumbuhan Wedelia biflora. Selain itu pada buku ini juga dijelaskan bagaimana menjaga mutu daripada simplisia dan ekstrak tumbuhan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan obat, khususnya obat untuk hewan. Oleh karena itu, saya mendukung penuh penerbitan buku ajar ini karena dapat bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa dan juga memberikan nilai tambah bagi pengembangan komponen pembelajaran. Efektifitas pembelajaran akan meningkat bila pada proses pembelajaran tersedia media pembelajaran, seperti buku ajar. Buku ajar dapat sebagai referensi bagi mahasiswa kedokteran Hewan ataupun bidang lain yang tertarik untuk mengembangkan tumbuhan sebagai bahan obat.
Perencanaan Pembelajaran
Authors:   Pendidikan Kimia, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Hanum Latifah
Published: April 2021

Bahan ajar ini terdiri dari 9 bab yang meliputi pengetahuan tentang kurikulum 2013 yang disampaikan pada perkuliahan pertama. Bab 2 membahas tentang cara menentukan minggu efektif berdasarkan kalender pendidikan. Bab 3 membahas cara mengembang program tahunan (Prota) dan Program semester berdasarkan minggu dan jam efektif yang sudah ditentukan. Pada bab 4 dibahas cara mengembangkan indikator. Bab 5 membahas tentang penentuan Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yang merupakan bagian dari penilaian. Bab 6 membahas cara mengembangkan silabus dilanjutkan pembahasan tentang RPP pada bab 7. Pengembangan materi ajar disajikan pada bab 8 dan diakhiri dengan pembahasan tentang penilaian di bab 9. Bahan ajar yang disusun ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat sebagai salah satu sumber belajar bagi mahasiswa atau calon guru yang akan menyusun perangkat pembelajaran. Di dalam bahan ajar ini juga disajikan teori dan cara mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran, sehingga bagi mahasiswa yang program mata kuliah perencanaan dapat menjadi rujukan dalam menyusun perangkat pembelajaran.
English Curriculum and Instructional Plans
Authors:   Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Komariah Endang
Published: May 2021

This simple book was written in order to elaborate some theories and concepts about English Curriculum, especially English Curriculum In Indonesia and how to design the instructional plans. This book introduces some of the main areas that students of English Education, to be more specific, students at English Study Program of Education and Teaching Faculty (FKIP), University of Syiah Kuala who take the course “English Curriculum and Instructional Plans (EED 309).The book covers some topics about the things to be considered in designing the lesson plans. The book also provides practical guides and procedures in designing the lesson plans.
VOLVER À VULVA: O olhar de uma feminista sobre algumas representações da genitália feminina nas artes visuais
Authors: Almeida Flavia Leme de
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo aborda questões relativas a algumas obras na história da arte recente que evidenciam o nu feminino, mais especificamente o órgão sexual da fêmea humana (a vulva e a vagina). Foram selecionadas obras mormente feita por mulheres artistas feministas do século XX e XXI, contudo, duas das obras analisadas foram feitas por dois homens europeus do final do século XIX, pois são obras que mostraram de modo totalmente explícito esta parte supracitada. O corpo da mulher, mais precisamente sua genitália, objeto de desejo sexual, local por onde a vida se gera e perpassa, precisa ser respeitado e não profanado. A reivindicação colocada nessas linhas diz respeito à apropriação do corpo feminino pelas próprias mulheres, valendo-se da máxima “meu corpo, minhas regras”.
Velkomst og afstandtagen
Authors: Hansen Jette Barnholdt , Isager Christine , Rønlev Rasmus
Published: April 2021

This paper looks to humour and performance while studying how ethos is negotiated and distributed in relation to audiences when rhetors are introduced and accept the word. One older and two more recent examples are examined. First, bishop Lovis Henry Ford introducing president Bill Clinton in Memphis Church of Christ in November 1993, enabling a remarkable performance in terms of subject re-positioning on Clinton’s part; next, two managers at the Danish radio station Radio24syv acting as incompetent hosts and foils to high-profile employees in an award-winning ad campaign; and finally comedian Ricky Gervais hosting the Golden Globe award show, demonstratively excluding rather than welcoming each of the next speakers on stage. Together, the case studies highlight the strong potential of introductions as occasions for rhetorical maneuvering (Phillips, 2006). What may seem like a trivial ritual, has the power to destabilize rhetorical situations, offering space for dissent and negotiation of values within communities. Keywords introductions, epideictic rhetoric, ethos, rhetorical maneuvers, humor, performance.