bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fruit host-dependent fungal communities in the microbiome of wild Queensland fruit fly larvae
Authors: Majumder Rajib , Sutcliffe Brodie , Taylor Phillip W. , Chapman Toni A.
Published: October 2020

Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt), the Queensland fruit fly (Qfly), is a highly polyphagous tephritid fly that is widespread in Eastern Australia. Qfly physiology is closely linked with its fungal associates, with particular relationship between Qfly nutrition and yeast or yeast-like fungi. Despite animal-associated fungi typically occurring in multi-species communities, Qfly studies have predominately involved the culture and characterisation of single fungal isolates. Further, only two studies have investigated the fungal communities associated with Qfly, and both have used culture-dependant techniques that overlook non-culturable fungi and hence under-represent, and provide a biased interpretation of, the overall fungal community. In order to explore a potentially hidden fungal diversity and complexity within the Qfly mycobiome, we used culture-independent, high-throughput Illumina sequencing techniques to comprehensively, and holistically characterized the fungal community of Qfly larvae and overcome the culture bias. We collected larvae from a range of fruit hosts along the east coast of Australia, and all had a mycobiome dominated by ascomycetes. The most abundant fungal taxa belonged to the generaPichia(43%),Candida(20%),Hanseniaspora(10%),Zygosaccharomyces(11%) andPenicillium(7%). We also characterized the fungal communities of fruit hosts, and found a strong degree of overlap between larvae and fruit host communities, suggesting that these communities are intimately inter-connected. Our data suggests that larval fungal communities are acquired from surrounding fruit flesh. It is likely that the physiological benefits of Qfly exposure to fungal communities is primarily due to consumption of these fungi, not through syntrophy/symbiosis between fungi and insect ‘host’.
Risk factors and survival outcomes of metachronous contralateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Wu Kan , Liang Jiayu , Lu Yiping
Published: October 2020

Because population-based risk estimates for metachronous contralateral UTUC are lacking. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the risk and survival of metachronous contralateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) on a large population-based level. A total of 23,075 patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973–2015), 144 (0.6%) patients developed metachronous contralateral UTUC (median of 32 months after diagnosis). The cumulative incidence at 10, 20, and 30 years of follow-up was 1.1%, 1.6%, and 2.6%, respectively. We applied Fine and Gray’s competing risk regression model to determine the risk factors of a new contralateral, metachronous UTUC. The competing risk regression model demonstrated that older age (hazard ratio [HR] 0.75; 95% CI 0.67–0.85) and larger tumor size (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.39–0.97) were associated with a significantly decreased risk of metachronous contralateral UTUC. However, bladder cancer presence was an independent risk factor for the development of contralateral tumors (HR 2.42; 95% CI 1.73–3.37). In addition, we demonstrated developing contralateral UTUC was not associated with poor prognosis by using Kaplan–Meier and multivariable analysis. Our findings suggest that metachronous contralateral UTUC is comparatively rare, and has not impact on survival. Importantly, patients with younger age, small tumours, and the presence of bladder cancer were more likely to develop a contralateral tumor, which may provide a rationale for lifelong surveillance in high-risk patients.
Rolling membrane powered by low-temperature steam as a new approach to generate mechanical energy
Authors: Yin Chongshan , Liu Qicheng , Liu Qing
Published: October 2020

How to convert heat energy into other forms of usable energy more efficiently is always crucial for our human society. In traditional heat engines, such as the steam engine and the internal combustion engine, high-grade heat energy can be easily converted into mechanical energy, while a large amount of low-grade heat energy is usually wasted owing to its disadvantage in the temperature level. In this work, for the first time, the generation of mechanical energy from both high- and low-temperature steam is implemented by a hydrophilic polymer membrane. When exposed to water vapor with a temperature ranging from 50 to 100 °C, the membrane repeats rolling from one side to another. In nature, this continuously rolling of membrane is powered by the steam, like a miniaturized “steam engine”. The differential concentration of water vapor (steam) on the two sides of the membrane generates the asymmetric swelling, the curve, and the rolling of the membrane. In particular, results suggest that this membrane based “steam engine” can be powered by the steam with a relatively very low temperature of 50 °C, which indicates a new approach to make use of both the high- and low-temperature heat energy.
5-HT1A receptor agonism in the basolateral amygdala increases mutual-reward choices in rats
Authors: Schönfeld Lisa-Maria , Schäble Sandra , Zech Maurice-Philipp , Kalenscher Tobias
Published: October 2020

Rats show mutual-reward preferences, i.e., they prefer options that result in a reward for both themselves and a conspecific partner to options that result in a reward for themselves, but not for the partner. In a previous study, we have shown that lesions of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) reduced choices for mutual rewards. Here, we aimed to explore the role of 5-HT1A receptors within the BLA in mutual-reward choices. Rats received daily injections of either 50 or 25 ng of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT or a vehicle solution into the BLA and mutual-reward choices were measured in a rodent prosocial choice task. Compared to vehicle injections, 8-OH-DPAT significantly increased mutual-reward choices when a conspecific was present. By contrast, mutual-reward choices were significantly reduced by 8-OH-DPAT injections in the presence of a toy rat. The effect of 8-OH-DPAT injections was statistically significant during the expression, but not during learning of mutual-reward behavior, although an influence of 8-OH-DPAT injections on learning could not be excluded. There were no differences between 8-OH-DPAT-treated and vehicle-treated rats in general reward learning, behavioral flexibility, locomotion or anxiety. In this study, we have shown that repeated injections of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT have the potential to increase mutual-reward choices in a social setting without affecting other behavioral parameters.
Fatty acid-binding protein 5 limits ILC2-mediated allergic lung inflammation in a murine asthma model
Authors: Kobayashi Shuhei , Tayama Shunichi , Phung Hai The , Kagawa Yoshiteru , Miyazaki Hirofumi , Takahashi Yu , Maruyama Takashi , Ishii Naoto , Owada Yuji
Published: October 2020

Dietary obesity is regarded as a problem worldwide, and it has been revealed the strong linkage between obesity and allergic inflammation. Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5) is expressed in lung cells, such as alveolar epithelial cells (ECs) and alveolar macrophages, and plays an important role in infectious lung inflammation. However, we do not know precise mechanisms on how lipid metabolic change in the lung affects allergic lung inflammation. In this study, we showed that Fabp5−/− mice exhibited a severe symptom of allergic lung inflammation. We sought to examine the role of FABP5 in the allergic lung inflammation and demonstrated that the expression of FABP5 acts as a novel positive regulator of ST2 expression in alveolar ECs to generate retinoic acid (RA) and supports the synthesis of RA from type II alveolar ECs to suppress excessive activation of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) 2 during allergic lung inflammation. Furthermore, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice exhibit the downregulation of FABP5 and ST2 expression in the lung tissue compared with normal diet (ND)-fed mice. These phenomena might be the reason why obese people are more susceptible to allergic lung inflammation. Thus, FABP5 is potentially a therapeutic target for treating ILC2-mediated allergic lung inflammation.
A validated, real-time prediction model for favorable outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Razavian Narges , Major Vincent J. , Sudarshan Mukund , Burk-Rafel Jesse , Stella Peter , Randhawa Hardev , Bilaloglu Seda , Chen Ji , Nguy Vuthy , Wang Walter , Zhang Hao , Reinstein Ilan , Kudlowitz David , Zenger Cameron , Cao Meng , Zhang Ruina , Dogra Siddhant , Harish Keerthi B. , Bosworth Brian , Francois Fritz , Horwitz Leora I. , Ranganath Rajesh , Austrian Jonathan , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged front-line clinical decision-making, leading to numerous published prognostic tools. However, few models have been prospectively validated and none report implementation in practice. Here, we use 3345 retrospective and 474 prospective hospitalizations to develop and validate a parsimonious model to identify patients with favorable outcomes within 96 h of a prediction, based on real-time lab values, vital signs, and oxygen support variables. In retrospective and prospective validation, the model achieves high average precision (88.6% 95% CI: [88.4–88.7] and 90.8% [90.8–90.8]) and discrimination (95.1% [95.1–95.2] and 86.8% [86.8–86.9]) respectively. We implemented and integrated the model into the EHR, achieving a positive predictive value of 93.3% with 41% sensitivity. Preliminary results suggest clinicians are adopting these scores into their clinical workflows.
Piezoelectricity in perovskite-type pseudo-cubic ferroelectrics by partial ordering of off-centered cations
Authors: Kuroiwa Yoshihiro , Kim Sangwook , Fujii Ichiro , Ueno Shintaro , Nakahira Yuki , Moriyoshi Chikako , Sato Yukio , Wada Satoshi
Published: October 2020

A large piezoelectric response in ferroelectric ceramics is typically associated with extrinsic contributions from ferroelectric domain structures. However, such domain structures cannot be expected in systems with pseudo-cubic symmetry. In this study, we determine the mechanism of significant piezoelectricity and ferroelectricity in 0.3BaTiO3–0.1Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3–0.6BiFeO3 ceramic with a perovskite-type pseudo-cubic symmetry. Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction reveals that the Bi ions in this ceramic essentially prefer to be off-centered at six sites by approximately 0.4 Å, in the cubic <100> directions. A phase transition occurs at TC ~725 K. However, the crystal seems to present a cubic symmetry even at room temperature. The large piezoelectric response is caused by the combinational partial ordering of the off-centered Bi ions, adapted to any direction of the applied electric field to the ceramic grains. The proposed mechanism for the emergence of a high polarization in the above system will enable designing novel Pb-free ceramics by controlling the fluctuated and off-centered ions under an applied electric field.
Mobile origami immunosensors for the rapid detection of urinary tract infections
Authors: Adrover-Jaume Cristina , Rojo-Molinero Estrella , Clemente Antonio , Russell Steven M. , Arranz Javier , Oliver Antonio , de la Rica Roberto
Published: October 2020

Immunosensors made of paper interfaced with smartphones diagnose UTIs in less than 10 minutes.
Step and redox efficient nitroarene to indole synthesis
Authors: Özkaya Bünyamin , Bub Christina L. , Patureau Frederic W.
Published: October 2020

A step and redox efficient nitroarene to indole synthesis was herein developed, in sharp contrast to the rich literature on the construction of indoles. Elemental Zinc was found to be best terminal reductant.
Photocycloadditions in disparate chemical environments
Authors: Marschner David E. , Kamm Philipp W. , Frisch Hendrik , Unterreiner Andreas-Neil , Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: October 2020

We elucidate the wavelength dependence of a photocycloaddition by accessing action plots dependent on the reactivity relative to the number of absorbed photons and establish the effect of concentration and solvent on the reactivity.
Photoinduced umpolung addition of carbonyl compounds with α,β-unsaturated esters enables the polysubstituted γ-lactone formation
Authors: Gu Jia-Yi , Zhang Wei , Jackson Seth R. , He Yan-Hong , Guan Zhi
Published: October 2020

Photoinduced reductive coupling of carbonyl compounds and α,β-unsaturated estersviaketyl radical intermediates for the synthesis of γ-lactones is described.
Far-red imaging of β-galactosidase through a phospha-fluorescein
Authors: Ding Zichao , Wang Chuanfeng , Fan Mengting , Zhang Mengyuan , Zhou Yao , Cui Xiaoyan , Zhang Dazhi , Wang Ting
Published: October 2020

The introduction of phosphine oxide into a fluorescein scaffold has yielded phospha-fluorescein with bathochromically shifted spectra, reliable photostability and solubility.
Conductive MOFs as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for all-solid-state Zn–air batteries
Authors: Pan Na , Zhang Hanwen , Yang Bo , Qiu Hui , Li Longyan , Song Li , Zhang Mingdao
Published: October 2020

A new class of conductive MOFs can be directly used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for both the ORR and OER. By adding Ru into the pristine MOF, the resultant catalyst exhibits high catalytic activity in all-solid-state Zn–air batteries.
A self-confinement synthesis of a POM-decorated MOF thin film for actively hydrolyzing ethyl acetate
Authors: Fang Zhou , Chen Danke , Li Zhuoyi , Ma Xu , Wan Xinyi , Deng Zheng , Peng Xinsheng
Published: October 2020

A solid acid catalyst POM@MOF thin film was prepared and utilized for the efficient hydrolysis of esters with a long durability.
Direct visualization of the protein corona using carbon nanodots as a specific contrasting agent
Authors: Rao Chethana , Yadav Aditya , Kaur Rimanpreet , Prasad Amit , Nandi Chayan Kanti
Published: October 2020

A specific labeling strategy using carbon dots helped in the direct visualization of protein corona under TEM.
Thermal transport properties of graphite carbon nitride
Authors: Song Jieren , Xu Zhonghai , Tang Lizhi , Miao Linlin , Cai Chaocan , Bai Yujiao , Wang Rongguo , He Xiaodong
Published: October 2020

Graphite carbon nitride (GCN), which can be regarded as a nitrogen heteroatom-substituted graphite framework, has attracted great attention as a new 2D layered structure material with semiconductor electronic characteristics.
The simultaneous recognition mechanism of cations and anions using macrocyclic–iodine structures: insights from dispersion-corrected DFT calculations
Authors: Orenha Renato Pereira , Nagurniak Glaucio Régis , Colaço Matheus Cachoeira , Caramori Giovanni Finoto , Piotrowski Maurício Jeomar , de Araújo Batista Krys Elly , Muñoz-Castro Alvaro , de Almeida Silva Breno , Esteves Benjamim José , Parreira Renato Luis Tame
Published: October 2020

The design of structures to recognize ions is growing in recent years. Here, the simultaneous recognition of cations and anions by a macrocycle comprising a simple crown ether and an iodine-triazole unit has been investigated using DFT calculations.
Electrochemical glucose sensors in diabetes management: an updated review (2010–2020)
Authors: Teymourian Hazhir , Barfidokht Abbas , Wang Joseph
Published: October 2020

Electrochemical glucose biosensors: where are we now and what is next?
Construction of reduced graphene oxide wrapped yolk–shell vanadium dioxide sphere hybrid host for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Song Zhicui , Lu Xiaoli , Hu Qiang , Lin Dunmin , Zheng Qiaoji
Published: October 2020

Owing to the considerable theoretical energy density, lithium–sulfur batteries have been deemed as a competitive candidate for the next-generation energy storage devices.
Salen-type aluminum and zinc complexes as two-faced Janus compounds: contribution to molecular sensing and polymerization catalysis
Authors: Strianese Maria , Pappalardo Daniela , Mazzeo Mina , Lamberti Marina , Pellecchia Claudio
Published: October 2020

The aim of the present review is to highlight the most recent achievements in different fields of application of salen-based zinc and aluminum complexes.
Five-coordinate transition metal complexes and the value of τ5: observations and caveats
Authors: Blackman Allan G. , Schenk Elaine B. , Jelley Rebecca E. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Gahan Lawrence R.
Published: October 2020

The τ5 parameter is not limited to values between 0 and 1 in five-coordinate transition metal complexes.
Nanoporous Ta3N5via electrochemical anodization followed by nitridation for solar water oxidation
Authors: Krisna Das Pran , Arunachalam Maheswari , Subhash Kanase Rohini , Seo Young Jun , Ahn Kwang-Soon , Ha Jun-Seok , Kang Soon Hyung
Published: October 2020

Nanoporous tantalum nitride (Ta3N5) is a promising visible-light-driven photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting with a narrow band gap of approximately 2.0 eV.
Protonation-induced self-assembly of bis-phenanthroline macrocycles into nanofibers arrayed with tetrachloroaurate, hexachloroplatinate or phosphomolybdate ions
Authors: Tashiro Shohei , Shimizu Shun , Kuritani Masumi , Shionoya Mitsuhiko
Published: October 2020

Protonation-induced self-assembly of bis-phenanthroline macrocycles was developed as a template for assembling aurates, platinates, or molybdates along the nanofibers.
Recent progress of Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide and beyond towards electrochemical water splitting
Authors: Xue Bo Wen , Zhang Cai Hong , Wang Yi Zhong , Xie Wen Wen , Li Nian-Wu , Yu Le
Published: October 2020

Ni–Fe compounds are used in water electrolysis due to low cost, modulated structure, and simple syntheses. We summarize developments in Ni–Fe based electrocatalysts with focus on hollow structures, interface engineering, phase control and carbon coating.
The construction of a multifunctional metal–organic framework for targeting tumors and bioimaging
Authors: Zhang Man , Gao Yuanyuan , Han Limin , Zhu Ning , Gao Xuechuan
Published: October 2020

A simple one-pot process has been developed for the synthesis of multifunctional MOFs for targeting tumors and bioimaging.
The chemistry and biology of guanidine secondary metabolites
Authors: Berlinck Roberto G. S. , Bernardi Darlon I. , Fill Taicia , Fernandes Alessandra A. G. , Jurberg Igor D.
Published: October 2020

Guanidine metabolites isolated from microorganisms, marine invertebrates, terrestrial animals and plants are reviewed, as well as the biosynthesis, total synthesis, biological activities and ecological roles of guanidine natural products.
Photodynamic therapy with nanoparticles to combat microbial infection and resistance
Authors: Bekmukhametova Alina , Ruprai Herleen , Hook James M. , Mawad Damia , Houang Jessica , Lauto Antonio
Published: October 2020

Recent developments of nanoparticles and nanoparticulate systems in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, focusing on drug-resistant microbes, cellular interactions, and safety considerations.
Interfacial control and design of conductive nanomaterials for transparent nanocomposite electrodes
Authors: Song Yongkwon , Cho Jinhan
Published: October 2020

Facile charge transfer-modulated interfacial control and design for the development of high-performance transparent nanocomposite electrodes.
Recent advances in 1,4-functional group migration-mediated radical fluoroalkylation of alkenes and alkynes
Authors: Chen Ya-Jing , Qu Ya-Li , Li Xiang , Wang Chuan-Chuan
Published: October 2020

In this article, some representative reactions of 1,4-functional group migration-mediated radical fluoroalkylation of alkenes and alkynes have been discussed and reviewed based on the types of substrates.
Archromones A–F, unusual polycyclic dearomatic geranylquinol derivatives from the roots of Arnebia euchroma
Authors: Yan Hai-Wei , Zhang Xu , Yang Ya-Nan , Feng Zi-Ming , Jiang Jian-Shuang , Zhang Pei-Cheng
Published: October 2020

New geranylquinol derivatives possessing an unprecedented dearomatic benzocogeijerene skeleton from the roots of Arnebia euchroma and their cytotoxic activities.
Achievement of intrinsic white light emission by hybridization-deformable haloplumbates with rigid luminescent naphthalene motifs
Authors: Lin Xiang-Ling , Chen Bin , Huang You-Ren , Song Kai-Yue , Zhou Pan-Ke , Zong Lu-Lu , Li Hao-Hong , Chen Zhi-Rong , Jiang Rong
Published: October 2020

The combination of red emissions stemming from deformable haloplumbates and blue emissions originating from luminescent naphthalene motifs give rise to intrinsic single-component white-light emitters.
A computational study of the reactivity of rare-earth/phosphorus Lewis pairs toward polymerization of conjugated polar alkenes
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Luo Gen , Xu Xin , Hou Zhaomin , Luo Yi
Published: October 2020

The polymerization mechanism of methyl methacrylate (MMA) catalyzed by rare-earth/phosphorus (RE/P) Lewis pairs has been systematically studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Studies of aqueous U(iv) equilibrium and nanoparticle formation kinetics using spectrophotometric reaction modeling analysis
Authors: Cha Wansik , Kim Hee-Kyung , Cho Hyejin , Cho Hye-Ryun , Jung Euo Chang , Lee Seung Yeop
Published: October 2020

The primary hydrolysis equilibrium of U4+and the kinetics of U(iv)-nanoparticle formation were investigated by using spectrophotometric reaction modeling analysis and the spectral data collected in the UV and visible regions.
Artificial sugar saccharin and its derivatives: role as a catalyst
Authors: Kaur Kamalpreet , Srivastava Suman
Published: October 2020

The primary objective of this review was to demonstrate the significance of artificial sugar saccharin and its derivatives as catalysts for a wide variety of organic transformation.
Changes of physicochemical properties, oxidative stability and cellular anti-inflammatory potentials for sea-buckthorn pulp oils during refining
Authors: Jiang Xiaofei , Li Wei , Zhou Shengmin , Jiang Yuanrong
Published: October 2020

The impact of the refining process on physicochemical properties, oxidative stability and cellular anti-inflammatory potentials of sea-buckthorn pulp oil (SBO) was investigated in this study.
Recent progress in transition-metal-free functionalization of allenamides
Authors: Li Xiaoxiao , Liu Yongchun , Ding Na , Tan Xiaoju , Zhao Zhigang
Published: October 2020

Recent progress in transition-metal-free functionalization of allenamides is reviewed, providing a powerful approach to rapidly access complex molecules.
Exploring an anomaly: the synthesis of 7,7′-diazaindirubin through a 7-azaindoxyl intermediate
Authors: Shriver James A. , Wang Katelyn R. , Patterson Andrew C. , DeYoung James R. , Lipsius Richard J.
Published: October 2020

Generation of 7-azaindoxyl under acidic conditions leads exclusively to 7,7′-diazaindirubin over 7,7′-diazaindigo through a condensation pathway.
Investigation on the composition and corrosion resistance of cerium-based conversion treatment by alkaline methods on aluminum alloy 6063
Authors: Lu Cen , Mu Songlin , Du Jun , Zhang Kai , Guo Mincheng , Chen Ling
Published: October 2020

In contrast with the abundant research into acidic conversion treatment, cerium-based conversion coatings were prepared on AA6063 by alkaline methods.
Catalyst-free regioselective acetylation of primary hydroxy groups in partially protected and unprotected thioglycosides with acetic acid
Authors: Abronina Polina I. , Malysheva Nelly N. , Zinin Alexander I. , Kolotyrkina Natalya G. , Stepanova Elena V. , Kononov Leonid O.
Published: October 2020

Highly regioselective acetylation of primary hydroxy groups in thioglycoside derivatives was achieved by treatment with aqueous or anhydrous acetic acid (60–100%) at elevated temperatures (80–118 °C), avoiding manipulations with protective groups.
Selective synthesis of visible light active γ-bismuth molybdate nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, reduction of 4-nitrophenol, and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Lavakusa B. , Rama Devi Dharmaoth , Belachew Neway , Basavaiah K.
Published: October 2020

In this study, we have reported selective synthesis of γ-Bi2M2O6 NPs under different pH conditions for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) and antimicrobial activities.
Cyclic redox scheme towards shale gas reforming: a review and perspectives
Authors: Qin Lang , Cheng Zhuo , Baser Deven , Goldenbaum Tyler , Fan Jonathan A. , Fan Liang-Shih
Published: October 2020

Alkanes are potential precursors to many value-added chemicals such as olefins and other petrochemicals.
Beyond the beaker: students’ use of a scaffold to connect observations with the particle level in the organic chemistry laboratory
Authors: Keiner Liz , Graulich Nicole
Published: October 2020

Understanding ongoing chemical processes in the laboratory requires constant shifting between different representational levels—the macroscopic, submicroscopic, and symbolic levels—and analysis of the various mechanistic features of each of these levels. Thus, the ability to explain observations of chemical phenomena with regard to their submicroscopic levels in the laboratory is a key requirement. Research shows that students have difficulty in discerning and comprehending the meaning and visualization of the submicroscopic level. Traditional laboratory instruction often fails to help students discern the relationship between their observations and the corresponding chemical processes. Consequently, there is a high demand for new teaching strategies which address these issues. Therefore, we developed and implemented a scaffold for the organic laboratory and tested it in a research study using qualitative methods. The scaffold encourages students to purposefully separate and connect the macroscopic and submicroscopic representational levels. The implementation of the scaffold was accompanied by semi-structured pre- and post-interviews with students (N = 22) and an analysis of students’ work with the scaffold in the laboratory. We analysed students’ sense-making approach while reflecting on organic syntheses before and after working with the scaffold, and characterized changes in their approach. The findings emphasize the need to develop further resources to support students’ understanding of the submicroscopic level. Implications of these findings for research and teaching to foster meaningful learning in the organic laboratory are discussed.
In situvisualization of peroxisomal viscosity in the liver of mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by near-infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Zhou Yongqing , Li Ping , Wang Xin , Wu Chuanchen , Fan Nannan , Liu Xiaoning , Wu Lijie , Zhang Wei , Zhang Wen , Liu Zhenzhen , Tang Bo
Published: October 2020

We report a novel near-infrared fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging method for peroxisomal viscosity, enabling an accurate diagnosis and drug evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Intracellular injection of phospholipids directly alters exocytosis and the fraction of chemical release in chromaffin cells as measured by nano-electrochemistry
Authors: Aref Mohaddeseh , Ranjbari Elias , Romiani Armaghan , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: October 2020

Amperometry and intracellular vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry with nanotip electrodes were used to monitor the effects on exocytosis and vesicular storage after nano-injection of phospholipids with different geometries into secretory cells.
Site-selective aqueous C–H acylation of tyrosine-containing oligopeptides with aldehydes
Authors: San Segundo Marcos , Correa Arkaitz
Published: October 2020

A novel Pd-catalyzed C–H acylation reaction with readily available aldehydes under an aqueous environment towards the assembly of non-protegenic acylated Tyr-containing oligopeptides is presented.
Boosting the electrocatalytic performance of NiFe layered double hydroxides for the oxygen evolution reaction by exposing the highly active edge plane (012)
Authors: Zhao Jia-Wei , Shi Zi-Xiao , Li Cheng-Fei , Gu Lin-Fei , Li Gao-Ren
Published: October 2020

The (012) edge plane of NiFe layer double hydroxides (LDHs) has been proven to be a highly active plane for water oxidation.
Target-driven supramolecular self-assembly for selective amyloid-β photooxygenation against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Zhenqi , Ma Mengmeng , Yu Dongqin , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: October 2020

Photo-oxygenation of β-amyloid (Aβ) has been considered an efficient way to inhibit Aβ aggregation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We present the first example of Aβ-responsive photodynamic therapy to treatment of AD by using PKNPs self-assemblies.
In situ-grown tungsten carbide nanoparticles on nanocarbon as an electrocatalyst to promote the redox reaction kinetics of high-mass loading sulfur cathode for high volumetric performance
Authors: Zhang Jing , Duan Shaorong , You Caiyin , Wang Jian , Liu Haitao , Guo Shaohua , Zhang Weihua , Yang Rong
Published: October 2020

Tungsten carbide nanoparticles are uniformly integrated with nanocarbon to boost the reaction kinetics for high volumetric performance of Li–S batteries.
Carbon materials for high mass-loading supercapacitors: filling the gap between new materials and practical applications
Authors: Dong Yue , Zhu Jiayao , Li Qiqi , Zhang Su , Song Huaihe , Jia Dianzeng
Published: October 2020

The recent progress on designing novel carbons and the newly developed theories for high mass-loading supercapacitors have been summarized.
Oxygen diffusion behaviour of A-site deficient (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95Cr0.5Fe0.5O3−δ perovskites in humid conditions
Authors: Sha Zijie , Cali Eleonora , Kerherve Gwilherm , Skinner Stephen J.
Published: October 2020

Limited oxygen surface exchange for oxygen transport membrane (OTM) material in humid atmosphere, correlated with Sr surface segregation identified using isotopic exchange and mass spectrometry.
Monoclonal antibodies with subnanomolar affinity to tenofovir for monitoring adherence to antiretroviral therapies: from hapten synthesis to prototype development
Authors: Cavalera Simone , Agulló Consuelo , Mercader Josep V. , Di Nardo Fabio , Chiarello Matteo , Anfossi Laura , Baggiani Claudio , D'Avolio Antonio , Abad-Somovilla Antonio , Abad-Fuentes Antonio
Published: October 2020

High-affinity antibodies were generated to develop enzymatic and lateral flow immunoassays for monitoring tenofovir, a drug commonly used for treating HIV infection and used as a biomarker of adherence to the therapy.
Nonword Repetition Skills in Gulf Arabic–Speaking Children With Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Shaalan Saleh
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study examined the performance of Gulf Arabic–speaking children with developmental language disorder (DLD) on a Gulf Arabic nonword repetition (GA-NWR) test and compared it to their age- and language-matched groups. We also investigated the role of syllable length, wordlikeness, and phonological complexity in light of NWR theories.

Method

A new GA-NWR test was conducted with three groups of Gulf Arabic–speaking children: school-age children with DLD, language-matched controls (LCs), and age-matched controls (ACs). The test consisted of two- and three-syllable words that either had no clusters, medial clusters, final clusters, or medial + final clusters.

Results

The GA-NWR distinguished between the performance of children with DLD and the LC and AC groups. Results showed significant syllable length, wordlikeness, and phonological complexity effects. Differences between the DLD and typically developing groups were seen in two- and three-syllable nonwords; however, when compared on nonwords with no clusters, children with DLD were not significantly different from the LC group.

Conclusions

The GA-NWR test differentiated between children with DLD and their ACs and LCs. Findings, therefore, support its clinical utility in this variety of Arabic. Results showed that phonological processing factors, such as phonological complexity, may have stronger effects when compared to syllable length effects.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12996812
Adaptive control scheme based on transient stability mechanism for photovoltaic plants
Authors: Yu Moduo , Huang Wentao , Tai Nengling , Xi Xinze , Nadeem Muhammad Haroon
Published: October 2020

The world‐wide application of photovoltaic (PV) plants is a promising solution to the energy crisis. However, PV plants usually suffer from transient instability due to weakness in dynamical adaptability. This study, based on the transient stability mechanism, devises an adaptive control scheme to achieve transient stability enhancement for PV plants. The transient stability mechanism shows that the active droop factor is negatively associated with the transient stability whereas the reactive droop factor is positively associated. The transient stability enhancement is implemented by increasing the reactive droop factor and reducing the active droop factor to raise the power angle curve. The proposed control scheme adjusts the droop factors dynamically during the transient events by detecting the real‐time electrical quantities. The control scheme advances in a designed activation module which is able to judge if there exist transient events. A series of simulation cases demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme in different transient events. Simulation results show that the control scheme adjusts droop factors adaptively and possesses better transient stability than the normal droop control.
Resilient distributed control of BESSs and voltage source converter‐based microgrids considering switching topologies and non‐uniform time‐varying delays
Authors: Raeispour Mohammad , Atrianfar Hajar , Baghaee Hamid Reza , B. Gharehpetian Gevork
Published: October 2020

In this study, a distributed resilient control (DRC) scheme is proposed for inverter‐interfaced autonomous AC microgrids (MGs). Due to unavoidable telecommunication vulnerabilities, time‐delays already exist in communication links, and it seriously impresses the stability and performance of the network. Due to this fact, non‐uniform time‐varying communication delays are considered on the communication links (here, information exchanges between neighboring local controllers of DGs and BESSs). The authors consider a time‐varying topology for distributed energy resources to address the uncertainties of communications links, improve flexibility, and enhance the security of the system against cyber‐attacks. Stability analysis is characterised based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory, and sufficient conditions for a precise and comprehensive control algorithm are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The provided LMIs yield the upper bound of the time delay, which guarantees the stability of the system. Finally, to evaluate the performance of the control law, offline digital time‐domain simulation studies are performed on a test MG system in a MATLAB/Simulink environment, and also the results are compared with previously reported methods.
Local photovoltaic reactive power controller for increasing active distribution networks hosting capacity
Authors: Selcen Ayaz Melike , Malekpour Mostafa , Azizipanah‐Abarghooee Rasoul , Terzija Vladimir
Published: October 2020

The photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity of active distribution networks is usually restricted by network overvoltage at peak PV generation hours. In the literature, several methodologies are presented to mitigate this problem caused by PVs reactive power regulation. However, the feeder transformer's thermal limit and branch lines loading confine the PVs reactive power capability. This study proposes a fully local reactive power regulation strategy enabling the PV systems to increase the feeder hosting capacity without using communication infrastructure. In the suggested framework, the distribution feeder is partitioned into several zones based on the feeder's electrical bottlenecks from the perspective of lines loading condition. The PV units placed in the vicinity of the electrical bottlenecks are equipped with the proposed local controller to moderate burden on the corresponding bottlenecks. Other PV units support the network voltage using a conventional local voltage‐dependent reactive power controller. Consequently, the feeder hosting capacity can be enhanced while equipment loadings remain in their permissible limits. Moreover, the network power loss is decreased due to the local reactive power management. Furthermore, the proposed approach provides superior coordination between the PV systems controller and the transformer feeder tap changing mechanism. The advantages of the proposed approach are demonstrated by simulation results on 33‐ and 69‐node radial and meshed distribution feeders.
Image dehazing with uneven illumination prior by dense residual channel attention network
Authors: Yin Shibai , Xin Jin , Wang Yibin , Basu Anup
Published: October 2020

Existing dehazing methods based on convolutional neural networks estimate the transmission map by treating channel‐wise features equally, which lacks flexibility in handling different types of haze information, leading to the poor representational ability of the network. Besides, the scene lights are predicted by an even illumination prior which does not work for a real situation. To solve these problems, the authors propose a dense residual channel attention network (DRCAN) for estimating the transmission map and use an image segmentation strategy to predict scene lights. Specifically, DRCAN is built based on the proposed dense residual block (DRB) and dense residual channel attention block (DRCAB). DRB extracts the hierarchical features with increasing receptive fields. DRCAB makes the network focus on the features containing heavy haze information. After the transmission map is estimated, fuzzy partition entropy combined with graph cuts is used to segment the transmission map into scene regions covered with varying scene lights. This strategy not only considers the fuzzy intensities of the low‐contrast transmission map but also takes spatial correlation into account. Finally, a clear image is obtained by the transmission map and varying scene lights. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method is comparable to most of existing methods.
Multi‐modal image fusion based on saliency guided in NSCT domain
Authors: Wang Shiying , Shen Yan
Published: October 2020

Image fusion aims at aggregating the redundant and complementary information in multiple original images, the most challenging aspect is to design robust features and discriminant model, which enhances saliency information in the fused image. To address this issue, the authors develop a novel image fusion algorithm for preserving the invariant knowledge of the multimodal image. Specifically, they formulate a novel unified architecture based on non‐subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT). Their method introduces Quadtree decomposition and Bezier interpolation to extract crucial infrared features. Furthermore, they propose a saliency advertising phase congruency‐based rule and local Laplacian energy‐based rule for low‐ and high‐pass sub‐bands fusion, respectively. In this approach, the fusion image could not only combine the local and global features of the source image to avoid smoothing the edge of the target, but also retain the minor scales details and resists the interference noise of the multi‐modal image. Both objective assessments and subjective visions of experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm performs competitively in both objective evaluation criteria and visual quality.
Dynamic mosaicking: combining A* algorithm with fractional Brownian motion for an optimal seamline detection
Authors: Laaroussi Saadeddine , Baataoui Aziz , Halli Akram , Satori Khalid
Published: October 2020

Image mosaicking is a combination of algorithms that use two or several images to create a single image. The resulting mosaic is a representation of a scene of the used images with a larger field of vision. However, since dynamic objects can exist in the overlap regions of these images, ghosting and parallax effects appear, therefore poor results are obtained. To overcome these unwanted effects and to achieve better results, a new method is presented in this paper. This approach uses a new way to detect dynamic objects in the common areas by using a fractional Brownian motion with a predetermined similarity function instead of a noise function, the Zero Normalized Cross Correlation. Thus, it will ensure that a map is created with each pixel having a unique value based on their surroundings even in homogeneous areas. Furthermore, this new approach combines the previously computed map with the machine learning algorithm A* for a fast and efficient way to find an optimal seamline. Consequently, the obtained experimental results were compared with different methods and better results were obtained as can be seen by a better quality seamline measure, a result mosaic without any artifacts and a faster computation time.
Novel breast cancer classification framework based on deep learning
Authors: Salama Wessam M. , Elbagoury Azza M. , Aly Moustafa H.
Published: October 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is a major cause of transience amongst women. In this paper, two novel techniques, ResNet50 and VGG‐16, are utilised and re‐trained to recognise two classes rather than 1000 classes with high accuracy and low computational requirements. In addition, transfer learning and data augmentation are performed to solve the problem of lack of tagged data. To get a better accuracy, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier is utilised instead of the last fully connected layer. Our models performance are verified utilising k‐fold cross‐validation. Our proposed techniques are trained and evaluated on three mammographic datasets: mammographic image analysis society, digital database for screening mammography (DDSM) and the curated breast imaging subset of DDSM. This paper explains end‐to‐end fully convolutional neural networks without any prepossessing or post‐processing. The proposed technique of employing ResNet50 hybridised with SVM achieves the best performance, specifically with the DDSM dataset, producing 97.98% accuracy, 98.46% area under the curve, 97.63% sensitivity, 96.51% precision, 95.97% F1 score and computational time 1.8934 s.
Colour image enhancement with brightness preservation and edge sharpening using a heat conduction matrix
Authors: Katırcıoğlu Ferzan
Published: October 2020

In this study, an enhancement process obtained by applying the heat conduction equation of solid and stagnant fluids on colour images is proposed. After the colour channel stretching, the RGB colour image was converted to the HSI model. The heat conduction equation was applied for each pixel on the I channel of the HSI colour model. The elements of the feature matrix called heat conduction matrix (HCM) can have negative, positive or zero values. A pixel with a small negative HCM value indicates that I needs level enhancement for a good image, whereas a small positive HCM value means that the I level value will be reduced and aligned with its neighbours. High positive or negative values are defined as the edges of the objects and the I level values of such pixels are not changed to protect the edges. In addition, whether HCM is negative or positive, the balanced increment and decrement path at a level I ensures that the mean brightness value performs natural protection. Finally, an enhanced image is obtained by transitioning from the HSI to the RGB colour model. Experimental results show that this method can enhance colour image details better than other methods.
Frequency‐domain behavioural noise analysis of analogue phase‐locked loops
Authors: Abtahi Seyed Ahmad , Jahanbakht Sajad
Published: October 2020

A frequency‐domain approach for phase noise analysis of integer‐N multiplier‐type phase‐locked loops (PLLs), based on the conversion matrix approach, is introduced that can take all non‐linearities in the loop into account. It can also characterise all kinds of power spectral densities and correlation between variables and all aspects of phase noise‐to‐phase noise or amplitude noise‐to‐phase noise (AN–PN) conversions. The noise transfer between various sidebands is also taken into account. This is especially important for characterising the folding of the voltage‐controlled oscillator's phase noise which results in the phase noise augmentation at small frequency offsets. Unlike the linear phase‐domain models, the stochastic phase noise local maxima at large offset frequencies are also accurately characterised. Giving the phase/amplitude noise spectra of various PLL blocks, this approach computes the resulting output phase noise spectrum. The validity of the new approach is verified by comparing its results with those of a numerical time‐domain stochastic simulation. The proposed method has far much faster runtimes, independent of the time constants in the system, compared to the corresponding time‐domain methods that allow a convenient simulation‐based design of PLLs especially at radio frequencies.
Atomic and molecular gas properties during cloud formation
Authors: Syed J. , Wang Y. , Beuther H. , Soler J. D. , Rugel M. R. , Ott J. , Brunthaler A. , Kerp J. , Heyer M. , Klessen R. S. , Henning Th. , Glover S. C. O. , Goldsmith P. F. , Linz H. , Urquhart J. S. , Ragan S. E. , Johnston K. G. , Bigiel F.
Published: October 2020

Context.Molecular clouds, which harbor the birthplaces of stars, form out of the atomic phase of the interstellar medium (ISM). To understand this transition process, it is crucial to investigate the spatial and kinematic relationships between atomic and molecular gas.

Aims.We aim to characterize the atomic and molecular phases of the ISM and set their physical properties into the context of cloud formation processes.

Methods.We studied the cold neutral medium (CNM) by means of H Iself-absorption (HISA) toward the giant molecular filament GMF20.0-17.9 (distance = 3.5 kpc, length ~170 pc) and compared our results with molecular gas traced by13CO emission. We fitted baselines of HISA features to H Iemission spectra using first and second order polynomial functions.

Results.The CNM identified by this method spatially correlates with the morphology of the molecular gas toward the western region. However, no spatial correlation between HISA and13CO is evident toward the eastern part of the filament. The distribution of HISA peak velocities and line widths agrees well with13CO within the whole filament. The column densities of the CNM probed by HISA are on the order of 1020cm−2while those of molecular hydrogen traced by13CO are an order of magnitude higher. The column density probability density functions (N-PDFs) of HISA (CNM) and H Iemission (tracing both the CNM and the warm neutral medium, WNM) have a log-normal shape for all parts of the filament, indicative of turbulent motions as the main driver for these structures. The H2N-PDFs show a broad log-normal distribution with a power-law tail suggesting the onset of gravitational contraction. The saturation of H Icolumn density is observed at ~25M⊙pc−2.

Conclusions.We conjecture that different evolutionary stages are evident within the filament. In the eastern region, we witness the onset of molecular cloud formation out of the atomic gas reservoir while the western part is more evolved, as it reveals pronounced H2column density peaks and signs of active star formation.