bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality profile of confirmed cases of swine flu attending a tertiary care center of Udaipur region of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singhal Yogesh Kumar , Kothari Nitin
Published: May 2019

Background: Mortality profile is an analytical tool used to identify the various factors responsible for poor outcome of disease and it can also use to evaluate quality and efficiency of healthcare providers. The aim of this study is to summarise the clinical and epidemiological factors as well as to identify the risk factors associated with mortality among swine flu cases.Methods: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, hospital-based study conducted on 62 deceased patients due to swine flu reported at Maharana Bhupal Government Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan during the outbreak of influenza A H1N1 in the year 2015. A standardized pre-structured questionnaire with consent was filled by help of bed head tickets and by interview of attendants of deceased patients.Results: Deaths were higher among age group of 31-45 years (35.48%). Case fatality rate for male patients (13.88%) was higher. Mortality was highest in females of rural background 27(43.55%). Majority of deceased patients (70.97%) had delay of 4-7 days in admission after onset of symptoms. Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and pregnancy was the major risk factors for poor outcome.Conclusions: Delay in diagnosis and admission may be the reason for higher mortality rate. The most common co morbid illness was Diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases (Ischemic heart disease, Rheumatic heart disease, Hypertension) and pregnancy.
Importance of spirometry, pulse oximetry and hematocrit in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: A. Vinay Kumar , K. Sai Smarat , Reddy Sony
Published: May 2019

Background: To study the correlation of clinical features, spirometry, pulse oximetry assessment and haematocrit abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and to assess the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by spirometry.Methods: In the present study total 50 cases were selected on the basis of simple random sampling method from the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Bommakal, Karimnagar, Telangana, India. During study period from June 2017 to December 2018.Results:  About 50 patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were studied. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 50-70 years. COPD was seen predominantly in male patients and majorities were smoker. In the majority of patients, the duration of illness was 6-10 years, cough with expectoration was present in all patients. As the number of cigarettes/day and duration increases the severity of the disease also increases in the studied population. In the study, about 40 % of cases were in stage III disease. Computerised spirometry was found to be most sensitive investigation in diagnosing and assessing the severity of the disease in all these cases. As the severity and duration of the disease increases, they are more prone to develop hypoxia and polycythaemia as a complication. In present study 8 patients had hypoxia, as assessed by pulse oximeter.Conclusions: Computerized spirometry is a very useful investigation in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulse oximetry is a useful tool in diagnosing periods of oxygen desaturation. Pulse oximetry also useful in monitoring the oxygen therapy during management. Haematocrit analysis is a useful adjunct in assessing the severity of the disease. Polycythaemia, even though uncommon in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is one of the rare but preventable complication with early cessation of smoking and with oxygen therapy.
Neonicotinoid insecticides: an emerging cause of acute pesticide poisoning
Authors: Bansal Pradeep Kumar , Nawal C. L. , Singh Aradhana , Chejara Radheyshyam , Chouhan Siddharth , Agarwal Megha
Published: May 2019

Neonicotinoids are a new class of insecticides widely applied for crop protection. Information on human exposures to neonicotinoids is limited. The most common routes of exposure were ingestion (51%), dermal (44%), and ocular (11%). These insecticides act as agonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which cause insect paralysis and death the high specificity for receptors in insects was considered to possess highly selective toxicity to insects and relative sparing of mammals. However, an increasing number of cases of acute neonicotinoid poisoning have been reported in recent years. Present study report three cases presented to us with acute neonicotinoid poisoning with different manifestations including acute myocardial infarction, central nervous system (CNS) depression, and acute kidney injury, who recovered subsequently with supportive care. A detailed literature review found that respiratory, cardiovascular and certain neurological presentations are warning signs of severe neonicotinoid intoxication. Supportive treatment and decontamination are the practical methods for the management of all neonicotinoid-poisoned patients.
The limits of religious freedom in Indonesia: with reference to the first pillar Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa of Pancasila
Authors: Mu'ti Abdul , Burhani Ahmad Najib
Published: May 2019

Surveys and researches have indicated various factors leading to or instigating the rise of religious intolerance in Indonesia after the Reformasi in 1998. This study, however, aims to see intolerance and discrimination as something embedded in Indonesian ideology, i.e. Pancasila, which seems to be lacking in previous studies, including the studies on the connection between Pancasila and discriminative regulations implemented is several districts and provinces in Indonesia. The questions dealt with in this paper are the following: Why did religious radical groups able to exert their influence to the government and moderate Muslim majority in treating minorities? What are, if any, the constitutional and legal limits of religious freedom in Indonesia? This paper aims to scrutinize constitutional and legal documents, including the first pillar of Pancasila, to find their shortcomings in protecting religious freedom. This paper argues that Pancasila has set Indonesia into religiously monotheistic state, which provided the government the necessary tool to force non-theistic, polytheistic, and non-monotheistic religions to modify their theological beliefs in order to be accepted as recognized or official religions. Pancasila also justifies the existence of favoritism to certain religions deemed fit to this ideology. Berbagai survei dan penelitian telah menunjukkan berbagai faktor yang menyebabkan atau memicu bangkitnya intoleransi beragama di Indonesia setelah Reformasi tahun 1998. Penelitian ini ingin melihat intoleransi dan diskriminasi sebagai sesuatu yang secara tak sadar tertanam dalam ideologi Indonesia, yaitu Pancasila. Tema ini tampaknya kurang menjadi perhatian dalam studi sebelumnya, termasuk studi tentang hubungan antara Pancasila dan peraturan diskriminatif yang diterapkan di beberapa kabupaten dan provinsi di Indonesia. Pertanyaan yang dibahas dalam artikel ini diantaranya adalah: Mengapa kelompok-kelompok radikal keagamaan dapat mempengaruhi pemerintah dan mayoritas umat Muslim yang moderat dalam bersikap terhadap kelompok minoritas? Apa, jika ada, batasan konstitusional dan legal kebebasan beragama di Indonesia? Artikel ini bertujuan untuk meneliti dokumen dokumen konstitusional dan hukum, termasuk pilar pertama Pancasila, untuk menemukan kekurangan dalam melindungi kebebasan beragama. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa Pancasila telah menetapkan Indonesia menjadi negara monoteistik religius, yang memberikan pemerintah piranti yang diperlukan untuk memaksa agama-agama non-teistik, politeistis, dan non-monoteistik untuk memodifikasi keyakinan teologis mereka agar diterima sebagai agama yang diakui atau resmi. Pancasila juga membenarkan keberadaan favoritisme untuk agama-agama tertentu yang dianggap cocok dengan ideologi ini.
A REFORMA TRIBUTÁRIA ECOLÓGICA ALEMÃ COMO PARADIGMA PARA O BRASIL
Authors: Mattei Julia , Matias João Luis Nogueira
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo traça um perfil da reforma tributária ecológica da Alemanha, com foco na tributação da energia, buscando analisar comparativamente os seus elementos com a finalidade de contribuir para uma ecologização do sistema tributário brasileiro. É traçado um paralelo entre os sistemas jurídicos dos dois países em relação à constitucionalidade dos impostos ecológicos sobre a energia (Ökosteuern), que na Alemanha foram introduzidos pela reforma tributária de 1999. No âmbito do direito brasileiro, é analisada a CIDE-Combustível, como ponto de partida para a ecologização do sistema tributário.  A pesquisa é bibliográfica e documental. O método adotado é dedutivo-propositivo no contexto do direito comparado. O estudo mostrou que a constitucionalidade dos impostos ecológicos na Alemanha foi muito debatida, sendo a sua aprovação decorrente de motivos mais políticos do que jurídicos. No Brasil, a introdução integral deste modelo passa, de forma obrigatória, por uma alteração da Constituição. No entanto, são encontradas semelhanças importantes entre o modelo alemão e o modelo da CIDE-Combustível, podendo esta ser tomada como base para o “esverdeamento” do sistema tributário brasileiro.
Income Concentration, Market Size and Informal Sector in Africa
Authors: Njoda Mathurin Tchakounté , Chalout Hamit Halou
Published: May 2019

In this study, we analyze the link between income concentration and the size of the informal sector. We construct a simple model where income concentration determines demand and firms decide whether to operate in the formal or the informal economy is outlined. The government collects taxes and returns them to society either as a productive public good for its use by formal firms or as transfers to the poor. It is further postulated that income distribution affects the response of the informal sector to different fiscal policies, either demand or supply-orientated. In this case, redistribution towards the middle class decreases the size of the informal sector and increases the capacity of fiscal instruments to reduce informality. Data concerns 38 Africans’ countries in which the characteristic of income distribution is similar across countries. Using this comparable macro-level panel data between 1991 and 2013, we find strong evidence that high-income concentration leads to a large informal sector. Furthermore, an economic policy, including the effective application of the tax and regulatory procedures, should help to keep down the size of the informal economy.
Job Quality, Innovation and Employment – a Structural Equation Modeling on Regional Level
Authors: Moroc Andrei , Bărnuțiu Octavian
Published: May 2019

Job quality (JQ) covers the aspects that contribute to wellbeing through the impact on material living conditions or quality of life at work. The research aims to evaluate the relationship between the quality of jobs, in combination with the dimensions of innovation and other economic and social indicators, on the performance of the labor market. The analysis is carried out at the level of 193 NUTS 1, 2 and 3 territorial administrative regions. Job quality is estimated based on the results of Eurofound’s sixth Working Conditions Survey 2015 (EWCS), which outlines some defining features of job quality. In the relationship between JQ and the growth of employment, we also introduced influences of innovation activities concerning the human resources involved, the financial support for research or the creation of collaborative networks between innovators, as well as intellectual assets in the form of patents applications, trademarks or design. The results of our structural equations modeling reveal an intense and positive causal relationship between the intellectual output (intellectual assets) and specific attributes of the job quality, especially regarding job prospects, skills and discretion, and the increase in the rate of employment.
Is Wealth A Loan? “The Win-Win-Win Papakonstantinidis Equi-Harmony Point”- The Queen’s Evidence Argument
Authors: Papakonstantinidis Leonidas
Published: May 2019

In this article, an alternative “wealth” approach is attempted, based on the “win-win-win papakonstantinidis model” and its equi-harmony point hlp. The concept of the equi-harmony point, is related with the hypothesis that “wealth is a loan” that, the rest community provided to people who are rich, in a given time moment. This model facilitates the efforts for the sensitization process been understood As a 3-ple poles model between A-B bargainers and the Community, the “C” factor, creates the conditions for a better welfare all over the world The article begins with the assumption that the wealth that one possesses is nothing more than nothing less than a loan granted to him by society and the environment of this society. This capital has an interest rate this is the work that one does, the management and its ability to continuously generate a larger capital-loan.
ELIMINATION OF GENDER BIAS IN LEARNING ARABIC/ حذف التحيز الجنسي في اللغة العربية
Authors: Nurcholis Ahmad
Published: May 2019

It is not always true that the Arabic language contains absolute gender bias since in fact, the balaghah study has discovered that it respects and upholds women’s dignity for sure. Na’nak confirms this in his book ‘ Al Manar Fi Ulumil Balaghah which precisely describes Arabic as a language that upholds women’s dignity instead of being rooted on gender bias. Every ‘plural’ word is mu’annast, all objects in our galaxy is mu’annast majazy and there is shurah An Nisa’ in Holy Qur’an. We must be proud of Arabic because it is used as the official language of 22 countries of Arabic Nation League, which play essential role in Moslems’ lives throughout the world who speak around 150 millions local languages in western Asia and Nothern Africa. Under the Islan influence, this language colors the languages of Persia, Turkey, Urdu, Malay, Hausa, and Swahili. Arabic contributes 40-60 percent of vocabulary into these languages, and a strong influence on their syntax, nahwu, and literary works. Arabic is spoken as the religious language of Moslems in the world as well as the language of Islamic law. Finally, this language is of Islamic culture taught throughout thousands of schools outside the Arabic world, from Sinegal through Philipines. It is used as a language of learning, literature, and thoughts in history, ethics, law, fiqh, theology, and Islamic book study.
Enviromental Health Risk Assessment of Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) in Underground Mining
Authors: Ardiansyah Muhammmad Adam
Published: May 2019

Workers underground mines are at risk of Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) exposure. Exposure from DPM is one of the problems that can be found in underground mines. DPM has both carcinogenic effects and non-carcinogenic effects on humans. Due to the effects of DPM exposure, especially non-carcinogenic impacts, it is necessary to assess the risk of DPM exposure in underground mines. The Environmental Health Risk Analysis is an assessment of the health risks that can occur at any time in a population at risk. EHRA will generate quantitative risk characteristics, risk management options and communication strategies that will be applied to minimize the risk from DPM exposure. This study was conducted by looking at DPM measurement data in 4 underground mine, then calculated quantitatively by using default. Results from DPM measurements in 4 underground mines showed that DPM levels in all underground mines exceeded the threshold value of 160 μg/m3, while the mean of all DPM measurements in the underground mine is 0.374 μg/m3. To determine whether there are non-carcinogenic effects in DPM exposure, it can be seen by calculating RQ (Risk Quotient). The conclusion of this study indicate that in all underground mines having RQ> 1 then there is a need for risk management. In the implementation of risk management there are several ways, reduce the concentration of exposure (Csafe) and reduce exposure time. Risk communication by performing the role of each relevant part from stakeholders to workers exposed to DPM.
Worker Characteristics and Dust Exposure to Pulmonary Function Status in Jumping Saw Division Of Wood Industry At Banyuwangi: An Association Study
Authors: Wulansari Desy Tri
Published: May 2019

Wood dust in the air will bring serious health problems if it is prolonged. Wood Dust has effect for health due to  its effect on , pulmonary function via respiratory system entrance. The aim of this study was to analyze the  association of worker characteristics and dust exposure to pulmonary function status in jumping saw division workers in wood industry Sempu, Banyuwangi. The research was observasional with cross sectional desain. Research data was obtained by giving questionnaire to respondent, measurement of dust level by using HVAS and lung physiology examination using spirometry tool. The sampel in this research was 7 workers in the part of jumping saw and 6 worker in the part of office. Data were analyzed with chi square statistical test  to analyzing the association and statistical t-test to analyzing difference  pulmonary function status between to 2 groups. The result showed that dust level in the exposure groups of jumping saw workers was 19,90 mg/m3 and non-exposure group  (office) was 0,089 mg/m3, suitable with Permenakertrans No. 13/MEN/X/2011 is 5 mg/m3. Results of lung function measurement showed that normal 15,38% and impairment 84,62%. It is concluded that no associoation between age, length of employment, smoking habit, respiratory ptotective equipment usage habit, respiratory diseases history and  dust exposure to pulmonary function status, except association between nutrion status with pulmonary function status. The company should monitor the levels of wood dust, to ensure that it does not exceed the NAB and regular lung physiological health checks.
Toxicity of TiO2, ZnO and SiO2 Nanoparticles in Human Lung Cells: Safe-By-Design Development of Construction Materials
Authors: Remzova Monika , Zouzelka Radek , Brzicova Tana , Vrbova Kristyna , Pinkas Dominik , Rossner Pavel , Topinka Jan , Rathousky Jiri
Published: May 2019

Rapid progress in the development of highly efficient nanoparticle-based construction technologies has not always been accompanied by a corresponding understanding of their effects on human health and ecosystems. Here, we compare toxicological effects of pristine TiO2, ZnO and SiO2, and coated SiO2 nanoparticles and evaluate their suitability as additives to consolidants of weathered construction materials. First, WST-1 and LDH assays were used to determine the viability of human alveolar A549 cells at various nanoparticle concentrations (0–250 μg mL−1). While the pristine TiO2 and coated SiO2 nanoparticles did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect up to the highest tested concentration, the pristine SiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles significantly reduced cell viability. Second, as all the developed nanoparticle-modified consolidants increased the mechanical strength of weathered sandstone, the decisive criterion for the selection of the most suitable nanoparticle additive was as low toxicity as possible. We believe that this approach will be of high importance for industry to identify materials representing top functional properties and low toxicity at an early stage of the product development.
The Neuro-Immune Fingerprint of Major Neuro-Cognitive Psychosis or Deficit Schizophrenia: A Supervised Machine Learning Study
Authors: Al-Hakeim Hussein , Almulla Abbas , Maes Michael
Published: May 2019

No studies have examined the immune fingerprint of major neuro-cognitive psychosis (MNP) or deficit schizophrenia using M1 macrophage cytokines in combination with chemokines such as CCL-2 and CCL-11. The present study delineated the neuro-immune fingerprint of MNP/deficit schizophrenia by analyzing plasma levels of IL-1β, sIL-1RA, TNF-α, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, CCL-2 and CCL-11 in MNP (n=120) versus healthy controls (n=54) in association with neurocognitive deficits (as assessed with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) and PHEMN (psychotic, hostility, excitation, mannerism and negative) symptoms. All immune biomarkers were significantly higher in MNP than in normal controls. MNP was best predicted by a combination of CCL-11, TNF-α, IL-1β and sIL-1RA which yielded a bootstrapped (n=2000) area under the Receiver Operating Curve of 0.985. Composite scores reflecting M1 macrophage activity and neurotoxic potential including combined effects of CCL-11 plus CCL-2 were significantly increased in MNP. Nevertheless, the effects of increased IL-1β and TNF-α in MNP were attenuated (statistically) by increased sIL-1RA and sTNFR2, two negative immune-regulatory markers. A large part of the variance in PHEM (38.4%-52.6%) and negative (65.8-7439%) symptoms was explained by combinations of immune markers whereby CCL-11 was consistently the most important. The immune markers also explained a large part of the variance in the Mini Mental State examination, list learning, digit sequencing task, category instances, controlled word association, symbol coding and Tower of London. Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy performed on the biomarkers showed that the inter-class distance between the models constructed around MNP and controls was 19.3 indicating a good separation. Partial Least Squares analysis showed that 72.7% of the variance in overall phenomenology was explained by the regression on IL-1β, sIL-1RA, CCL-11, TNF-α (all positively) and education (inversely). It is concluded that the combination of the above-mentioned markers defines MNP as a distinct neuro-immune disorder and that those markers in combination explain a large part of the variance in memory and executivive impairments and PHEMN symptoms.
Accounting for Wood, Foliage Properties and Laser Effective Footprint in Estimations of Leaf Area Density from multiview-LiDAR Data
Authors: Pimont Francois , Soma Maxime , Dupuy Jean-Luc
Published: May 2019

The amount and spatial distribution of foliage in a tree canopy have fundamental functions in ecosystems as they affect energy and mass fluxes through photosynthesis and transpiration. They are usually described by the Leaf Area Index (LAI) and the Leaf Area Density (LAD), which can be measured through a variety of methods, including voxel-based methods applied to LiDAR point clouds. A theoretical study recently compared the numerical errors arising from different voxel-based estimation methods for Plant Area Density (PAD) based on Beer’s law-based, contact frequency and Maximum-Likelihood Estimation, showing that the bias-corrected Maximum Likelihood Estimator was theoretically the most efficient. However, this earlier study i) ignored wood volumes; ii) neglected vegetation clumping inside the voxel; iii) ignored instrument characteristics in terms of effective footprint, iv) was limited to a single viewpoint. In practice, retrieving LAD from PAD is not straightforward, vegetation is not randomly distributed in volumes of interest, beams are divergent and forestry plots are usually sampled from more than one viewpoint, to mitigate the effect of occlusion. In the present short communication, we extend the previous efficient formulation to actual field conditions to i) account for the presence of both wood volumes and wood hits, ii) rigorously include correction terms for vegetation and instrument characteristics, iii) integrate multiview data. A numerical comparison with other methods commonly used to combine information from different viewpoints led to error reduction, especially in poorly-explored volumes, which are frequent in actual canopies. Beyond its concision, completeness and efficiency, this new formulation -which can be applied to multiview TLS, but also UAV LiDAR scanning - can help reducing errors in LAD estimation.
N-Terminal (1→3)-β-D-glucan Recognition Proteins from Insects Recognize the Difference in ultra-Structures of (1→3)-β-D-glucan
Authors: Adachi Yoshiyuki , Ishii Masaki , Kanno Takashi , Tetsui Junko , Ishibashi Ken-ichi , Yamanaka Daisuke , Miura Noriko , Ohno Naohito
Published: May 2019

The recognition of (1→3)-β-D-glucans (BGs) by β-1,3-D-glucan recognition protein (BGRP) found in invertebrates plays a significant role in the activation of toll pathway and pro-phenol oxidase system in insect host defense against fungal invasion. To examine the structural diversity of BGs in BGRP interaction, the binding specificity of BGRPs cloned from four different insectswas characterized using ELISA. Recombinant BGRPs expressed as Fc-fusion proteins of human IgG1 bound to solid phase BGs. Because of the binding specificities, the BGRPs were categorized into two different ultrastructure- binding characters. The BGRPs from Silkworm and Indian meal moth bound to BGs containing triple-helical structure. Other BGRPs from red flour beetle and yellow mealworm beetle showed no binding to triple-helical BGs, but to alkaline-treated BGs, which have partially opened helical conformation. These evidences suggest that the innate immune system distinguishes different BG conformations and it is equipped for the diversity of BG structures.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTSâ€™ COGNITIVE STRUCTURES USING FREE WORD-ASSOCIATION TEST IN CHEMISTRY LEARNING
Authors: Muningsih Norma -
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the cognitive structure of high school students of class XI with free word-association method in teaching chemistry at the material buffer solution. The research was conducted in the second semester with a sample of 37 students at SMAN 89 Jakarta. The method used is qualitative in interpretivism paradigm, focused on the analysis of cognitive structures using free word-association method in teaching chemistry. Data obtained by interview, documentation, observation and student assignments through free word-association. Instruments free word-association tests contain stimulus word of "buffer" to collect information about students' conceptual structure in the material buffer solution. The data were subject to content analysis and divided into categories through coding. Results of this study is  there are five categories in the distribution of cognitive structures through free word-association test. These categories include the definition of a buffer solution, buffer solution properties, creation of buffer solution, pH buffer solution and calculate the buffer system in biological systems. The most dominant category is category nature buffer solution. The conclusion is that students have the cognitive structure of the most widely through recall or rote learning and there are learning difficulties experienced by students in learning material buffer solution.
Attitudes of Islamic Learning and Education Faculty Students towards English Language at Karachi University
Authors: Iqbal Nayab , Azhar Kaukab Abid
Published: May 2019

The research paper aims at studying the attitudes of the students of Islamic Learning and Education Faculty towards English Language at the University of Karachi. It is based on testing the hypothesis that the students of Islamic Learning Faculty have less positive attitudes towards English language as compared to the students of Education faculty through a survey on first year students of both the faculties. A five point Likert scale was used to conduct a survey on 151 students of the Islamic Learning faculty and 135 students of the Education faculty. The results were calculated using an independent t-test and standard deviation which reveals that there is a minor difference in the attitudes of the student of both the faculties. The students of the Education faculty show more positive attitudes when asked about the importance of English language as compared to the attitudes of the students of Islamic Learning Faculty. However, the difference in their attitude is negligible. As the results reveal minor association between the attitudes of the learners and their faculty therefore, the study proves the null hypothesis which says that there is no significant difference between the attitudes of the students of both the faculties.
PENALARAN MORAL ANAK DITINJAU DARI GAYA PENGASUHAN DAN JENIS KELAMIN
Authors: Hayani Nur
Published: May 2019

The objectives of this research is to know the difference of moral reasoning between boys and girls perceived from authoritarian, authoritative and permissive parents. The subjects of this research were 81 students at primary school of Al Falah Sei Mencirim Kutalimbaru Sumatera Utara. The data of the study was collected by using two scales, they are Moral Reasoning scale and parenting style scale. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to analyze the data, which resulted that parenting styles and gender interact each other in affecting moral reasoning (F : 5,580; p = 0.006 < 0.05), and it means that there is a difference of moral reasoning among boys and girls perceived from authoritarian, authoritative and permissive parenting styles. Based on the finding above, it is suggested that educators should develop suitable teaching strategy which may enhance positive developmental aspects by avoiding sex stereotypes; encouraging to be independent and take a risk; and guiding in problem solving. It is suggested too that parents should avoid different parenting between boys and girls and help them to make moral decision properly so the can avoid social adapting problems.
GAMBARAN BODY IMAGE PADA ATLET REMAJA DI SEKOLAH SMP/SMA NEGERI RAGUNAN JAKARTA
Authors: Issom Fitri Lestari , Putra Putu Prajna Caesa
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to describe teenage athlete body image who study at State Ragunan Jakarta junior and senior high school. There are five dimensions related to body image such as Appearance Evaluation, Appearance Orientation, Body Area Satisfaction, Overweight Pre-occupation, and Self-Classified Weight. This study used ex-post facto method where participants were asked to fill in the MBSRQ-AS (Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaires-Appearance Scale) trials and final data. Participants who involved in the trials are 65 people and from that the reliability of MBSRQ-AS is known for 0,77. For the final data participants who involved are 146 people. Participants is teenage around 12-18 years old. This study was conducted on June 2017 at State Ragunan Jakarta junior and senior high school. The results of this study obtained a conclusion that 55,5% teenage athlete who study at State Ragunan Jakarta junior and senior high school and involved in this study have a negative body image
DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN PARENTING SELF-EFFICACY PADA ORANG TUA ANAK AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DI KOTA BLITAR
Authors: Albintary Resti , Rahmawati Hetti , Tantiani Farah Farida
Published: May 2019

The objective of this research is to understand the relationship between the social support and the parenting self-efficacy on childâ€™s parent with autism spectrum disorder in Blitar City. This research is a quantitative research with correlational descriptive research design. The sample of this research were 35 parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Blitar City. The result of this research are: (1) 68,6% childâ€™s parent with autism spectrum disorder in Blitar City have the parenting self-efficacy in the medium category; (2) 82,9% childâ€™s parent with autism spectrum disorder in Blitar City have social support in the high category; (3) there is a positive relationship between social support and parenting self-efficacy on childâ€™s parent with autism spectrum disorder in Blitar City.
In vitro examination of the thrombolytic efficacy of tenecteplase and therapeutic ultrasound compared to rt-PA
Authors: Frühwald Tobias , Gärtner Ulrich , Stöckmann Nils , Marxsen Jan-Henning , Gramsch Carolin , Roessler Florian Carolus
Published: May 2019

Background: Optimizing thrombolytic therapy is vital for improving stroke outcomes. We aimed to develop standardized thrombolysis conditions to evaluate the efficacy of tenecteplase (TNK) compared to the current gold standard rt-PA (alteplase), with and without additional ultrasound treatment. Also we wanted to introduce a new analytical approach to quantify fibrin fiber density in transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Methods: In vitro clots that are similar to ex vivo clots concerning their histological condition and their durability were generated from whole blood. For five treatment groups we compared relative clot weight loss (each n=60) and fibrin fiber density in TEM (each n=5). The control group (A) was treated only with plasma. Two groups were designated for each rt-PA (B+C) and TNK (D+E). Groups C and E were additionally treated with ultrasound. Dosages were 50µg/ml for rt-PA and 30µg/ml for TNK. Results were evaluated by using analyses of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc t-tests.

Results: Weight loss was increased significantly for all groups compared to the control group. Both TNK groups showed significantly increased weight loss compared to their counterpart rt-PA group (p≤0.001). For TEM only group D showed significantly decreased fibrin fiber density (p<0.05) compared to both rt-PA groups. Ultrasound did not significantly increase dissolution of clots with either method (best p=0.16).

Conclusions:
Tenecteplase dissolved clots more effectively than rt-PA with and without ultrasound. A higher sample size could provide more convincing results for TEM.
Propofol attenuated the effect of TNF-α on occludin expression by inhibiting HIF-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway in hCMEC/D3 cells
Authors: Zhang Yue , Ding Xiaowei , Miao Changhong , Chen Jiawei
Published: May 2019

Purpose: The levels of tight junction proteins (TJs), especially occludin, correlate with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption caused by inflammation in central nervous system (CNS). It has been reported that propofol, the most commonly used anesthetic, could inhibit inflammation response in CNS. In this study, we investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and propofol on occludin expression in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line, D3 clone (hCMEC/D3 cells), and explored the underlying mechanisms.
Methods: The hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with propofol, followed by TNF-α. The expression and phosphorylation of Hif-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, ERK, p38MAPK and occludin were measured by Western blot analysis. The cell viability of hCMEC/D3 cells was measured by cell counting kit-8.
Results: TNF-α (10 ng/ml, 4 h) significantly decreased the expression of occludin, which was attenuated by propofol (25 μM). TNF-α induced Hif-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway, while propofol could inhibit it. TNF-α induced the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, while propofol had no effect on it. In addition, the inhibitors of Hif-1α, VEGF, VEGFR-2, and ERK could reduce the effect of TNF-α on occludin expression.
Conclusion: TNF-α could decrease the expression of occludin via activating Hif-1α/VEGF/VEGFR-2/ERK signaling pathway, which was attenuated by propofol.
Metabolome and transcriptome analyses reveal quality change in the orange-rooted Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) from cultivated field
Authors: Zhan Zhilai , Fang Wentao , Ma Xiaohui , Chen Tong , Cui Guanghong , Ma Ying , Kang Liping , Nan Tiegui , Lin Huixin , Tang Jinfu , Zhang Yan , Lai Changjiangsheng , Ren Zhenli , Wang Yanan , Zhao Yujun , Shen Ye , Wang Ling , Zeng Wen , Guo Juan , Huang Luqi
Published: May 2019

Backgroud

The dry root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, or Danshen, is a well-known, traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinones are active compounds that accumulate in the periderm, resulting in red-colored roots. However, lines with orange roots have been observed in cultivated fields. Here, we performed metabolome and transcriptome analyses to investigate the changes of orange-rooted Danshen.

Results

In total, 40 lipophilic components were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-Tof-MS). Seven compounds were significantly decreased in the orange Danshen, including the most abundant active compounds, tanshinone IIA and tanshinone I in normal Danshen. Systematic analysis of transcriptome profiles revealed that the down-regulated genes related to catalytic dehydrogenation was not detected. However, two genes related to stress resistance, and four genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation of proteins were up-regulated in orange Danshen.

Conclusion

Decreases in the content of dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones such as tanshinone IIA resulted in phenotypic changes and quality degradation of Danshen. Transcriptome analysis indicated that incorrect folding and ER-associated degradation of corresponding enzymes, which could catalyze C15-C16 dehydrogenase, contributed to the decrease in dehydrogenated furan ring tanshinones, rather than lower expression of the relative genes.
The gene structure and super-hypervariability of the complete Penaeus monodon Dscam gene
Authors: Apitanyasai Kantamas , Huang Shiao-Wei , Ng Tze Hann , He Shu-Ting , Huang Yu-Hsun , Chiu Shen-Po , Tseng Kuan-Chien , Lin Shih-Shun , Chang Wen-Chi , Baldwin-Brown James G. , Long Anthony D. , Lo Chu-Fang , Yu Hon-Tsen , Wang Han-Ching
Published: May 2019

Background

In pancrustaceans, the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) is an extraordinarily complex, single-locus gene, with the potential for generating thousands of isoforms by combining alternative splicing exons. In the present study, we used two advanced sequencing approaches, Illumina and PacBio, with hybrid assembly to analyze the entire Dscam genomic structure in Penaeus monodon.

Results

The P. monodon Dscam (PmDscam) genome was ~250 kbp, with a total of 175 constitutive and alternative splicing exons. Analysis of PmDscam cDNA and genomics revealed a conserved architectural structure consisting of an extracellular region with hypervariable Ig domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. While the number of splicing exon variants in N-terminal Ig2, N-terminal Ig3 and the entirety of Ig7 were previously reported to be 28, 43 and 19, we now show that there are in fact 26, 81 and 26 alternative exons in these regions, respectively. We also identified two alternative variants of two exons in the cytoplasmic tail, as well as 7 cytoplasmic tail elements that can either be included or skipped. The presence of three stop codon sites in the cytoplasmic tail region means that alternative splicing is involved in the selection of the stop codon.

Conclusions

In total, alternative splicing provides for 54,756 potential combinations in the extracellular region, plus 512 potential combinations in the cytoplasmic tail, all derived from one PmDscam genome locus. We have also established a public-facing PmDscam genome database (http://pmdscam.dbbs.ncku.edu.tw/) to facilitate future research on characterizing the involvement of Dscam in pancrustacean immunity.
Integrated mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analysis on the regulational of mechanism tuber expansion in Yam
Authors: Zhou Yun-Yi , Luo Shuzhen , Xiao Dong , Zhan Jie , Wang Aiqing , He Longfei
Published: May 2019

Background

Tuber is the storage organ of yam derived from modified stems. The development of tube expansion is a complex process and depends on the expression of genes that are involved by environmental and endogenous factors. However, little is known about the mechanism that regulates tuber expansion. In this study, in order to identify genes and miRNAs involvd in tuber enlargement, we examined the transcriptomes and small RNA in tuber initiation and expansion stages.

Results

A total of 14238 transcripts expressed differentially in the expansion stage were firstly identified using transcriptome technology. Of these, 5723 and 8515 genes were up and down regulated, respectively. The functional analysis revealed the coordination of tuber plant involved in processes of cell events, metabolism, biosynthesis and signalling transduction pathways at the transcriptional level, suggesting these DEGs are somehow involved in the responses of tuber expansion. In additional, 536 transcription factor genes were found differently expression in expansion stage at the transcript level. REVEILLE 6-like is identified to be up regulated in circadian rhythm pathway. REVEILLE 6-like LHY protein, zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 14, and DELLA genes were involved up regulated in expansion stage. Moreover, these genes were respectively involved in circadian rhythm pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and GA pathway by KEGG analysis. Noteworthy, the analysis of the data showed that there were 23 known tuber miRNAs belonged to 11 miRNA families, and 50 novel miRNAs, miRNA160 miRNA396, and miR535 may be involved in complexity network to regulate cell division and differentiation in the expansion stage in yam.

The integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA were identified to be preferentially expressed in hormone signalling in expansion stage, like the ARFs by miRNA160 highlighting the involvement of miRNA-mRNA in the regulation hormone of tuber expansion in yam.

Conclusion

The transcriptome and miRNA datasets presented here identified a subset of candidate genes and miRNAs putatively associated with tuber expansion in yam, thus a hypothetical model of genetic regulatory network associated with tuber expansion in yam was put forward, which may provide a foundation for molecular regulatory mechanism researching on tuber expansion in Dioscorea species.
Genome-wide identification and transcriptome profiling reveal that E3 ubiquitin ligase genes relevant to ethylene, auxin and abscisic acid are differentially expressed in the fruit of melting flesh and stony hard peach varieties
Authors: Tan Bin , Lian Xiaodong , Cheng Jun , Zeng Wenfang , Zheng Xianbo , Wang Wei , Ye Xie , Li Jidong , Li Zhiqian , Zhang Langlang , Feng Jiancan
Published: May 2019

Background

Ubiquitin ligases (E3) are the enzymes in the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway responsible for targeting proteins to the degradation pathway and play major roles in multiple biological activities. However, the E3s family is still yet to be identified, and the functions of E3 ligase genes on fruit flesh are unknown in peach.

Results

In this study, genome-wide identification, classification and characterization of the E3 ligase genes within the genome of peach was carried out. In total, 765 E3 (PpE3) ligase genes were identified in the peach genome. The PpE3 ligase genes were divided into eight subfamilies according to the presence of known functional domains. The RBX subfamily was not detected in peach. The PpE3 ligase genes were not randomly distributed among the 8 chromosomes, with a greater concentration on the longer chromosomes. The primary mode of gene duplication of the PpE3 ligase genes was dispersed gene duplication (DSD). Four new types of proteins in the BTB subfamily were first identified in peach, namely BTBAND, BTBBL, BTBP and BTBAN. The expression patterns of the identified E3 ligase genes in two peach varieties that display different types of fruit softening (melting flesh, MF, and stony hard, SH) were analyzed at 4 different stages of ripening using Illumina technology. Among the 765 PpE3 ligase genes, 515 (67.3%) were expressed (FPKM >1) in either MF or SH during fruit ripening. In same-stage comparisons, 231 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two peach cultivars. The number of DEGs in each subfamily varied. Most DEGs were members of the BTB, F-box, U-box and RING subfamilies. PpE3 ligase genes predicted to be involved in ethylene, auxin, or ABA synthesis or signaling and DNA methylation were differentially regulated. Eight PpE3 ligase genes with possible roles in peach flesh texture and fruit ripening were discussed.

Conclusions

The results of this study provide useful information for further understanding the functional characterization of the ubiquitin ligase genes in peach. In addition, the findings also provide the first clues of E3 ligase gene function in the regulation of peach ripening.
Physiological and transcriptome analysis reveal molecular mechanism in Salvia miltiorrhiza leaves of near-isogenic male fertile lines and male sterile lines
Authors: Wang Ruihong , Guo Hongbo , Dong Juane
Published: May 2019

Background: Our previous study found that male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza could result in stunted growth, decrease biomass, inhibit primary metabolism, and promote secondary metabolism, but their molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this article, we investigated the underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolism by using physiological analysis and mRNA sequencing (RNA-Seq).
Results: In this study, transcriptomic and physiological analyses were performed to identify the effect on plant growth and metabolic production in male sterile mutants. Through GO and KEGG analysis it was found that the pathways were mainly enriched in processes including organ development, primary metabolic process and secondary metabolic process. Physiological analyses showed that the chloroplast structure of male sterile mutants of Salvia miltiorrhiza was abnormally developed, which could result in decrease in leaf gas exchange (A, E and gs), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv, Fm and Fv/Fm), and the chlorophyll content. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that disproportionating enzyme 1 (DPE1) catalyzed the degradation of starch, while sucrose synthase 3 (SUS3) and cytosolic invertase 2 (CINV2) catalyzed the degradation of sucrose in S. miltiorrhiza. The results suggested that phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) played an important role in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, and flavone synthase (FLS) was an important enzyme catalyzing steps of flavonoid biosynthesis. High expression level of these enzyme genes in male sterile mutants resulted in high content of secondary metabolites.
Conclusions: Our results from the physiological and transcriptome analyses reveal underlying mechanism of plant growth and metabolism in male sterile mutants, and provide insight into the crop production of S. miltiorrhiza.
Molecular phenotyping of the surfaceome of migratory chondroprogenitors and mesenchymal stem cells using biotinylation, glycocapture and quantitative LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis
Authors: Matta Csaba , Boocock David J. , Fellows Christopher R. , Miosge Nicolai , Dixon James E. , Liddell Susan , Smith Julia , Mobasheri Ali
Published: May 2019

The complement of cell surface proteins, collectively referred to as the surfaceome, is a useful indicator of normal differentiation processes, and the development of pathologies such as osteoarthritis (OA). We employed biochemical and proteomic tools to explore the surfaceome and to define biomarkers in chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPC) derived from human OA knee articular cartilage. These cells have great therapeutic potential, but their unexplored biology limits their clinical application. We performed biotinylation combined with glycocapture and high throughput shotgun proteomics to define the surface proteome of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and human CPCs. We prepared cell surface-protein-enriched fractions from MSCs and CPCs, and then a proteomic approach was used to compare and evaluate protein changes between undifferentiated MSCs and CPCs. 1256 proteins were identified in the study, of which 791 (63%) were plasma membrane, cell surface or extracellular matrix proteins. Proteins constituting the surfaceome were annotated and categorized. Our results provide, for the first time, a repository of quantitative proteomic data on the surfaceome of two closely related cell types relevant to cartilage biology and OA. These results may provide novel insights into the transformation of the surfaceome during chondrogenic differentiation and phenotypic changes during OA development.