bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON USER SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY OF SELECTED PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Md. Amanullah  , Mahamudul Hasan  , Md.Hafez
Published: February 2021

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of service quality dimensions on user satisfaction of the public library in Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire had been developed and distributed among 150 respondents who are taking public library services from Barisal and Patuakhali district. Random sampling method was applied to collect primary data. Several hypotheses have been extracted from the conceptual framework and are tested using multiple regression analysis. Findings of the study showed that service quality dimensions have a certain degree of relationship with public library user satisfaction. It is also shown that tangibles are the most dominant predictors among four (4) significant predictors which mostly lead to public library user satisfaction. Besides, results also show empathy, and the assurance dimension plays a significant role in user satisfaction. Therefore, these findings will beneficial for those who are solely responsible for public library management and can get an idea to improve the overall service quality of public libraries to provide a high degree of satisfaction.
KEYWORDS: SERVQUAL, Tangibles, Responsiveness, Reliability, Assurance, Empathy, Satisfaction
HIGH POWER BROADBAND PULSED MICROWAVE SOLID-STATE POWER AMPLIfIER WITH HIGH AMPLITUDE-PHASE STABILITY
Authors: Emelyanov B. V.
Published: February 2021

In this paper the principles of measuring the amplitude-phase stability are described. Fa ctors that negatively affect the amplitude-phase stability of a solid-state power amplifier are considered. The results of theoretical calculations and mathematical modeling of the dependence of this stability on various factors are presented, and on the basis of these results the main factors that negatively affect the amplitude-phase stability are identified. In the conclusion I present the results of practical measurements of the stability, and suggest methods to improve the amplitude-phase stability of high-power solid-state
power amplifiers.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE LONG-TERM STABILITY OF MICROWAVE
OSCILLATORS FOR SPACE ELECTRONIC EQUIPMEN
Authors: Kuliev M. V.
Published: February 2021

Main factors affecting the long-term stability of microwave oscillator frequency are discussed in this paper. External factors affect the signal frequency at the output of any actual source, causing it to continuously change over time. Long-term frequency instability could be attributed to aging of the material. So, it is necessary to take special environmental factors into account, when designing microwave oscillators for space electronic equipment.
BASIC MODELS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors:   Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of Accounting and Taxation of North-Ossetian State University n.a. K. L. Khetagurov, Vladikavkaz, Russia, TOKAEVA B. B.
Published: February 2021

Improving human resource management is an important prerequisite for the harmonization of production processes. This is due to the profound changes caused by economic, social, cultural and political transformations. A comparative study of the main corporate governance models used around the world, by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each of them, will determine which is the best and whether it can be adapted to different economic systems. The article reveals the specifics of the organization of labor, taking into account the experience of Western countries in this area, describes the main features of this process and its modern transformations.
DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES, THREATS AND IMPLEMENTATION LIMITATIONS OF THE INDUSTRY 4.0 CONCEPT
Authors: Zaskórski Piotr , Wiczyński Robert
Published: February 2021

Artykuł przedstawia systemowe podejście do wdrażania określonych technologii determinowanych specyfiką koncepcji Przemysłu 4.0, poprzez wskazywanie możliwości wykorzystania wybranych rozwiązań w kontekście identyfikacji ich zalet, ale także zagrożeń i ograniczeń. Na podstawie tego typu analizy zaproponowano wykorzystanie nowoczesnych technologii informacyjnych, w tym integrację baz danych. Ponadto, odkreślono rolę wieloaspektowej eksploracji danych. Dotyczy to w szczególności wspierania procesów decyzyjnych poprzez bieżące monitorowanie wdrażania procesów produkcyjnych i usługowych w odniesieniu do potrzeb klienta. Wszystkie zagrożenia i zakłócenia w systemach informacyjnych mogą powodować ryzyko zakłóceń w łańcuchu wartości spowodowanych wdrożeniem koncepcji Przemysłu 4.0.
Pengembangan Mobile Virtual Laboratorium pada Pembelajaran Praktikum Materi Pencemaran Air
Authors: Arifin Zainal , Destiansari Elvira , Amizera Susy
Published: February 2021

Pembelajaran yang memerlukan laboratorium dengan alat dan bahan yang memenuhi standar sudah seharusnya dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik terutama pada materi yang berkaitan dengan prinsip ekologi seperti materi pencemaran air. Namun keterbatasan akan hal tersebut menjadikan pemilihan kegiatan praktikum dengan menggunakan virtual lab menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam membantu kegiatan belajar.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengembangkan  mobile virtual lab pada materi pencemaran air, melakukan validasi baik materi, tampilan dan bahasa serta mengetahui respon mahasiswa terhadap penggunaannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian pengembangan dengan tahapan penelitian dan pengembangannay seperti tahap studi pendahuluan,tahap perencanaan penelitian, dan tahap pengembangan produk (baik dari desain, produksi, dan validasi produk. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh produk mobile virtual lab berdasarkan beberapa pertimbangan antara lain berdasarkan hasil analisis kebutuhan serta hasil masukan dari ahli materi, bahasa, dan tampilan. Uji coba yang dilakukan  sampai ke tahap skala kecil memperoleh hasil bahwa pada aspek materi dengan indeks rata-rata 88% terkategori sangat baik, aspek bahasa dengan indeks rata-rata 91,11% terkategori sangat baik, dan aspek tampilan dengan indeks rata-rata 94,07% juga terkategori sangat baik. Ini menujukkan bahwa mobile virtual lab yang dikembangkan sudah sangat baik dalam hal materi, bahasa, dan tampilan. Perbaikan dan saran yang diberikan cukup mendukung untuk melanjutkan ke tahap pengujian skala besar yang pada akhirnya diharapkan dapat diaplikasikan lebih luas dan bermanfaat untuk proses pembelajaran.
Studi Anthophyta di Kota Magelang sebagai Sumber Pembelajaran Saintifik pada Perkuliahan Biosistematika Tumbuhan
Authors: Alamsyah Muhammad Radian Nur , Pamungkas Sekar Jati , Meganingrum Andari Rosiana , Nur'afifah Luthfiana Sabila
Published: February 2021

Kota “sejuta bunga” Magelang memiliki potensi keanekaragaman tumbuhan antophyta. Namun, potensi tersebut belum dianalisis lebih lanjut dan diotimalkan sebagai sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran saintifik Biosistematika Tumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasi tumbuhan antophyta di Kota Magelang, dan menganalisis kelayakan potensinya sebagai sumber belajar dalam pembelajaran saintifik Biosistematika Tumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Identifikasi antophyta dilakukan dengan metode perbandingan gambar dan lanjutkan proses klasifikasi secara hierarkis. Sampel diambil dari setiap populasi tumbuhan yang memiliki persamaan perawakan dengan area observasi sepanjang 800 m di Taman Tanggul Kali Kota. Analisis kelayakan potensi sumber belajar dilakukan melalui expert judgement dengan instrumen angket skala Likert. Penelitian ini berhasil mengidentifikasi 35 spesies tumbuhan antophyta di Kota Magelang dan dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 32 genus, 25 famili, 16 ordo, dan 2 kelas. Hasil analisis kelayakan sumber belajar memperoleh kategori baik (83,85%), sehingga potensi tersebut layak menjadi sumber belajar dalam kegiatan pembelajaran saintifik pada mata kuliah Biosistematika Tumbuhan.
,,I found myself in a storm“ – Unsicherheiten im England des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Spieker Susanne
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung: Es handelt sich bei meinem Beitrag um eine Mikrogeschichte, die auf Grundlage vor allem von Egodokumenten Unsicherheiten im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufwachsen im 17. Jahrhundert in England thematisiert. Ausgangspunkt ist das soziale Netzwerk John Lockes (1632–1704).
Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Frage nach Strategien der Versicherheitlichung vor dem Hintergrund einer hohen Kindersterblichkeit.Abstract: This is a microhistory, which on the basis of mainly egodocuments, analyses insecurities in relation to education and up-growing in
17th-century England. The article elaborates on the social network of John Locke (1632–1704). The focus lies on strategies of securing up-growing against the background of high infant mortality.
Angst und Freiheit in pädagogischen Verhältnissen
Authors: Schröder Carsten , Witzel Marc
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung: Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Analyse des Verhältnisses von Angst und Freiheit in pädagogischen Verhältnissen. Zu diesem Zweck erläutern wir unser Verständnis von Gefühlen und verorten darin Angst als emotionales und existenzielles
Gefühl. Daran schließen sich Überlegungen an, die die Produktivität von Angst in gesellschaftlichen Produktionsverhältnissen diskutieren. Auf dieser Grundlage nehmen wir die dialektischen Bewegungen zwischen Freiheit und Angst in den Blick, um darauf aufbauend die
pädagogischen Verhältnisse zum Gegenstand der Überlegungen zu machen. In unserem abschließenden Kommentar entwerfen wir eine pädagogische Perspektive auf Emanzipation und Vernunft als eine unabschließbare Vermittlung der dialektischen Bewegung von Angst und
Freiheit.Abstract: The aim of this contribution is to analyse the relationship between fear and freedom in educational settings. To this purpose, we explain our concept of feelings and define fear as an emotional and existential feeling. This is followed by considerations that discuss
the productivity of fear in capitalistic modes of production. On this base, we will develop an argumentation that focuses on the dialectical movement between freedom and fear in order to address the pedagogical relations of our subject. In our concluding commentary we draft a pedagogical perspective
on emancipation and reason as an inconclusive mediation of the dialectical movement of fear and freedom.
Der Blick auf Migration im Sicherheitsdispositiv: Subjektbildungsprozesse zwischen Optimierungsdruck und Gefährdungszuschreibung
Authors: Uhlendorf Niels
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung: In dem Beitrag wird die Problematisierung von Migration im spätmodernen Sicherheitsdispositiv in den Blick genommen und es werden Auswirkungen auf Subjektbildungsprozesse analysiert. Dafür wird zunächst eine Verhältnisbestimmung zwischen
Optimierungsdruck und Gefährdungszuschreibungen im Rahmen neoliberaler Gouvernementalität vorgenommen, bevor Teilergebnisse einer empirischen Studie zu Diskursen über und biografische Erzählungen von ,bildungserfolgreichen‘ Deutsch-Iraner*innen vorgestellt werden.
Die Arbeit schließt mit einem kritischen Fazit zu widersprüchlichen Anrufungen und daraus entstehenden Anforderungen für Subjektbildungen.Abstract: The paper looks at the problematization of migration in the late-modern ‘dispositif of security’ and analyzes
its effects on processes of subject formation. To this end, the relationship between the pressure of self-optimization and the attribution of danger will first be determined within the framework of neoliberal governmentality. Then, results of an empirical study on discourses on and biographical
narratives of ‘educationally successful’ German-Iranians will be presented. The paper concludes with a critical examination of contradictory interpellations and the resulting demands for processes of subject formation.
Taeger, Angela (2016): Die Guillotine und die Erfindung der Humanität. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 143 S.
Authors: Salomon David
Published: February 2021

Die Guillotine ist eine Apparatur voller Spannungen und Widersprüche. Ikonographisch steht sie für die blutige Seite der französischen Revolution. Die Guillotine schuf Tatsachen. War die große Revolution in Frankreich der Geburtsakt der Moderne, so zerschnitt die
Guillotine die Nabelschnur zur Vergangenheit. Mochten kommende Reaktionäre auch immer wieder versuchen, Legitimationsfäden ins vermeintlich glorreiche Gestern zurückzuspinnen, so blieb doch die Narbe, die die dreieckige Klinge geschlagen hatte, bestehen. Dies galt auch dann,
wenn keineswegs ausschließlich oder auch nur vorrangig Anhänger des Ançien Regime auf dem ,,Blutgerüst“ starben. Unter dem Fallbeil endeten der Bürger Louis Capet und seine Witwe ebenso wie Girondisten, Hèbertisten, Dantonisten und schließlich
auch der unbestechliche Robespierre und sein vielleicht glühendster Anhänger Saint-Just. Dass sich die terreur der Revolution nicht zuletzt gegen die Revolutionäre richtete, gehört zum klassischen Problembestand der Revolutionstheorie und -historiographie. Die Guillotine
ist zum Sinnbild dieser Verwicklungen geworden.
,,Antiextremismus“ oder Demokratie? : Über Herkunft und Probleme der Extremismustheorie im Bildungskontext
Authors: Feldmann Dominik
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung: Der Antiextremismus geht davon aus, dass die Gefahren der Demokratie an den Rändern des politischen Spektrums zu finden sind, und hat damit große Wirkmächtigkeit. Dies betrifft die innere Sicherheit ebenso wie Bildungsdebatten. Allerdings
ernten der Antiextremismus in öffentlichen Debatten und die Extremismustheorie in der Wissenschaft immer wieder Kritik: Dient der Extremismusansatz tatsächlich dem Demokratieschutz oder schützt er bestehende Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnisse, indem er Politikangebote,
die von der politischen Mitte abweichen, diskreditiert? Für ein Verständnis des Antiextremismus fragt der Beitrag nach seinen Ursprüngen, Grundannahmen und Defiziten. Außerdem werden seine Einflüsse auf bildungspolitische Entscheidungen und Inhalte politischer Bildung
betrachtet. Schließlich wird diskutiert, inwiefern der Antiextremismus sinnvoller Bestandteil von Bildung in einer und für eine Demokratie sein kann.Abstract: The anti-extremism discourse assumes that the dangers posed to democracy are to be found only at the edges of
the political spectrum, and has thus become very influential both in relation to domestic security issues and to debates concerning education. However, this dicourse is repeatedly criticized in academia and public debates: Does its approach to “extremism” indeed serve to protect
democracy, or does it, rather, protect existing power relationships by discrediting policies that deviate from the political centre? In order to understand the anti-extremism discourse, this article investigates its origins, basic assumptions and deficits. It also examines its influences on
educational policy decisions and the content of political education. Finally, it discusses to what extent engagement with this discourse can contribute towards sound political education in a democratic context.
Induction of Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Erianin Involves a Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway
Authors: Min Zhong , Lei He , Yujie Shi , Xin Chen , Jianwu Ren
Published: February 2021

Erianin is a natural product derived from the traditional Chinese herb, Dendrobium chrysotoxum, which is highly valued for its antitumor activity in various cancer cells. However, the specific mechanism of antitumor activity of erianin in human hepatocellular carcinoma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate erianin-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited by the treatment of erianin in a doseand time-dependent manner. In addition, erianin induced a series of apoptosis-related events in HepG2 cells, including G2/M cell cycle arrest, the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, elevation of intracellular Ca2+, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Erianin activated the caspase-3 and caspase-9 without a change in caspase-8, accompanied by upregulation of the expression of Bax and downregulation of the expression of Bcl-2 along with cytochrome C release from the mitochondria. There was no significant change in Fas and FasL expression, indicating that the exogenous pathway is not involved in erianin-induced apoptosis. In summary, it concluded that erianin-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells is through a mitochondria-mediated pathway. The results of this study suggest that erianin may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma in the future.
Ethnocultural Characteristics of the Baltic Nations in Turkestan (1867–1924)
Authors:   National University of Uzbekistan, Choriev Sherzodjon , Straupeniece Daiga ,   Liepaja University
Published: February 2021

After the occupation by the Russian Empire, the Turkestan region was formed in 1865, and in 1867 became a Turkestan general-governorship. Initially, during the occupation, representatives of the European peoples massively came to Turkestan as the military of the Russian Empire. From this period, the mass migration of the Baltic peoples to Central Asia began.

At the same time, in Turkestan, there were more than 20 ethnic groups, but today in Uzbekistan, there are more than 140 ethnic groups, and the Baltic peoples are a minority.

There are serious reasons for Uzbekistan to pay attention to this issue. Firstly, the policy of tolerance of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and secondly, economic, cultural, and diplomatic developments between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Baltic countries are entering new stages.

The Baltic people have their own ancient ethnocultural history and play a significant role in the socio-political life of Turkestan. In the Turkestan general-governorship, Turkestan ASSR, and Uzbekistan, many representatives of the Baltic nations have worked in art, science, education, technology and contributed to the development of the republic.
Kārlis Cemiņš – mākslinieks un pedagogs
Authors: Bulavs Vilnis
Published: February 2021

Kārlis Celmiņš (1894–1973) is one of the less famous Latvian artists. He was born in Cēsis as the fifth, the last child in his family, the only son. He received an artistic education at Stroganov School of Arts in Moscow. Still studying at this school, Celmiņš took part in the IV Exhibition of Latvian Art in Riga in 1914. After he had finished school, he was drafted into the Russian Empire’s army, where he was assigned a painter decorator of his regiment. Celmiņš returned to Latvia in 1918. After working as a teacher of drawing in Madona for two years, he moved to Jelgava. There he worked as a teacher of arts in Jelgava Classic Gymnasium. During the time of independent Latvia, Celmiņš actively took part in Jelgava’s artistic life. He regularly displayed his works at society’s “Zaļā Vārna” and other exhibitions and organized exhibitions himself together with students of the gymnasium.
Celmiņš had many-sided artistic interests. He was not only painting and drawing but also doing graphics, applied arts, making silver jewelry, and writing poems in his leisure time. The monument devoted to the Latvian soldiers who fell in action in 1916–1917 was made after the artist’s project. Almost all works of the master were destroyed in the ruins of Jelgava during the war in 1944. Celmiņš felt very sorry about this loss. The artist and his wife and children moved to Dundaga after Jelgava was destroyed, but when the war was over, they settled in Tukums. There Celmiņš worked in a ceramics workshop as a decorator of ready-made plates and dishes. In 1946 the artist was invited to work at the School of Applied Arts in Liepāja. The rest of his life Celmiņš spent in this city. The artist painted portraits, landscapes, still-lifes, and decorative compositions with plants, flowers, and the sea all his creative life. He did his works with oil, watercolours, colour chalks, and pencil.
The life of the free-thinking artist was not easy during the Soviet occupation. Many people did not understand the art of Celmiņš. At the end of his life, the master organised several personal exhibitions in Liepāja, Jelgava, Cēsis. Many interesting paintings of flowers done with watercolours, pastel, and colour oil chalks were displayed in his last exhibition, “Flowers” in 1973. Those were the paintings of gladioli, irises, calla lilies, and other flowers made during the last years of his life. Celmiņš died in Liepāja on 16 October 1973, leaving a wide range of works of his individual, unique style.
Circular Polarization Plane Array Antenna composed of Truncated Feed-and Reactance-Elements using Glass-epoxy Substrates
Authors: Takizawa Yumi , Santosa Cahya Edi , Fukasawa Atsushi , Sri Sumantyo Josaphat Tetuko
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a circular polarization plane antenna using linearly truncated triplate stripline resonator antenna. Glass-epoxy substrate is used in place of Teflon substrate for low cost fabrication. In spite the electrical dimension differs only √2 (root two), the dimensions of circular disk, its truncation, and feeding lines must be chosen precisely and accurately to get better characteristics of gain 12 dB compared to 10 dB by elliptic resonator with 4-antenna array.
Egg Donation
Authors: Fritz Sally
Published: February 2021

The tax characterization of income from human body transfers is a perplexing conundrum. There is no definitive case law or statute that informs taxpayers how to treat these transfers. Legal scholars have discussed the issue of how to treat human body transfers such as eggs, sperm, blood, etc. for decades, and the Internal Revenue Service has still not acted to provide any sort of clarity. This Comment discusses the historical tax implications on various types of human body transfers, outlines some of the distinguishing factors between characterizing a transfer as property or a service, provides an argument for why income from egg donation should be characterized as a service, and finally, discusses how a definitive characterization will affect the regulation of egg donation and lead to an increase in the research of overall health effects from egg donation.
Micrografting Compatibility Between Two Almond Cultivars and Four Wild Species
Authors: Koaym Wafaa , Battha Mohamed , Twaklna Mhasen
Published: February 2021

Micropropagation and micrografting techniques are important methods used to obtain high quality plants. This research aimed to investigate the effect of wild almond species (Prunus communis, P. orientalis, P. korschinskii, and P. arabica) on the success of micrografting almond cultivars (Prunus dulcis cvs. Shami Furk and Dafadii)and determine which combination of growth regulators lead to the highest rate of multiplication in micrografted cultivars. The shoot tips were grafted onto the rooted rootstocks by inverted T-budding. The results indicated that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 1 mg/l benzyl adenine (BA), 0.1 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.2mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3), achieved the highest shoot multiplication with an average of 5.31 and 3.67 shoots per explant and an average of 6.23cm and 4.98cm shoot length in cultivars Shami Furk and Dafadii, respectively. The highest grafting success rates were 80% and 74.26% obtained from Shami Furk/P. arabica and Dafadii/P. arabica combinations, respectively, while the lowest success rate was 50.63% with the Dafadii/P. orientalis combination. The liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA + 0.1 mg/l IBA achieved the highest micrografting success and scion shoot length. This research can be used to improve almond cultivation.
Review Effect of Caffeine Overdose
Authors: Chandio Zaheer Ahmed , Sidiqua Aaisha , Khaskheli Mazhar Iqbal , Waghani Amrat , Metlo Wazir Ali
Published: February 2021

Background: Caffeine is from methyl xanthine class which mainly stimulates the central nervous system. Caffeine is one of the most widely used psychoactive drugs in the world. It is commonly found in beverages, chocolates, cocoa containing products and in medications. Caffeine is recognized as legal and its consumption is unregulated all over of the world.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to summarize the impact of caffeine on behavioral and health alterations, in both controlled and overdose conditions. Moreover, the specifics of caffeine withdrawal and a number of guidelines on how to handle reducing or quitting caffeine intake altogether is also highlighted.

Methodology: To compose this review, more than seventy research and review articles were overviewed that were published over a period of last twenty years, using Google Scholar search engines.

Results: Caffeine regular use causes physical dependence which may become the caffeine withdrawal sign that can consequently harm normal working. The most important function of caffeine is that it can reversibly blocks the adenosine performance on its receptor and as a result which prevent the beginning of drowsiness encouraged by adenosine. Caffeine also stimulates certain portions of the autonomic nervous system symptom including fatigue, drowsiness, depressed mood, headache, difficulty concentrating, decreased energy, decreased contentedness, decreased alertness, irritability and unclear headed.

Conclusion: It is concluded that utilization of caffeine in a prescribed dose can have good impact on health and may decrease addictive symptoms. Additionally, reducing caffeine dosage over a six-week period guides to successful, long-term caffeine cessation with very few side effects.
Responses of Fig Cuttings (Ficus Carica) to Different Sowing Dates and Potting Media under Agro-Climatic Conditions of Haripur
Authors: Mehmood Saad , Ayub Qasim , Khan Shah Masaud , Arif Nida , Khan Muhammad Jalal , Mehmood Abid , Shahzad Qammer , Haq Naveed ul , Tanoli Muhammad Tehseen Zaheer , Ayub Muhammad Umer
Published: February 2021

Background: Fig belongs to tropical and subtropical climates, and Haripur district being a subtropical area have great potential for successful commercial cultivation of figs. The most common method of fig propagation is by hardwood cutting, which is an easy and economical way of propagation. But lack of knowledge regarding suitable date of cutting collection and sowing and selection of appropriate potting medium severely limits the production of fig on a commercial scale.

Objectives: Current study was undertaken in order to identify suitable collecting dates of fig cuttings and to develop a suitable potting media for the successful establishment of fig cutting.

Methodology: The study was comprised of four different potting media i.e. Soil, Farmyard or Manure (FYM), Compost, Soil+FYM+Compost (1:1:1) and cuttings of fig cultivar Sawari were collected and sown on two different dates i.e. 1st January and 15th January in polyethene bags of uniform size. The experiment was laid in Complete Randomized Design (CRD).

Results: Results revealed that maximum Length of the root (9.8 cm), Shoot thickness (1.4 cm) and Number of leaves (4.1) were noted in FYM, whereas maximum days to Sprouting (18.5) and Survival percentage (82.3%) were noted in Soil+FYM+Compost (1:1:1). Whereas fig cutting sown on 15th January showed maximum Days to sprouting (18.8), Length of the root (9.4 cm), Survival percentage (87.1%), Shoot thickness (1.8cm) and Number of leaves (4.6).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that FYM and 15th January showed highest values of studied parameters.
The Response of Pakistan to COVID-19 and Current Situation of Disease in the Country
Authors: Ullah Rizwan , Khan Ibrar , Rehman Aneela , Hayyat Azam , Rehman Mujaddad ur , Massa Salvatore
Published: February 2021

Background: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) was reported for the first time in China and then quickly spread to other countries. In Pakistan, the first case appeared in Sindh province on February 26, 2020, and within a few weeks, more than 100 cases were reported across the country. Currently, all provinces and territories of the country are affected and cases are growing faster every day. Pakistan is among those countries that have problems with health and diagnostic facilities due to poor economic conditions.

Objectives: The present review aims to highlight the emergence, spread and control of the disease in Pakistan. Furthermore, it also highlights the response of Pakistan in the management of COVID-19 outbreak, and the country’s contribution in the field of science and technology for the betterment of diagnostic and treatment capabilities against the disease.

Methodology: Collection of data was done through national and international forums like Covid-WHO report and COVID-19 Health advisory platform by Ministry of National Health Services Regulation.

Results: The important mean for prevention is the proper use of Standard Operating Procedure (SOPs). Quarantine and isolation centers help in limiting the spread of this deadly disease.

Conclusion: It is concluded that no vaccine is available for the treatment of this emerging disease so far. The only prevention is to properly and strictly follow the SOPs guidelines.
On the Collisional Disalignment of Dust Grains in Illuminated and Shaded Regions of IC 63
Authors: Soam Archana , Andersson B.-G. , Acosta-Pulido Jose , López Manuel Fernández , Vaillancourt John E. , Widicus Weaver Susanna L. , Piirola Vilppu , Gordon Michael S.
Published: February 2021

Interstellar dust grain alignment causes polarization from UV to mm wavelengths, allowing the study of the geometry and strength of the magnetic field. Over the last couple of decades, observations and theory have led to the establishment of the radiative alignment torque mechanism as a leading candidate to explain the effect. With a quantitatively well constrained theory, polarization can be used not only to study the interstellar magnetic field, but also the dust and other environmental parameters. Photodissociation regions, with their intense, anisotropic radiation fields, consequent rapid H2 formation, and high spatial density-contrast provide a rich environment for such studies. Here we discuss an expanded optical, NIR, and mm-wave study of the IC 63 nebula, showing strong H2 formation-enhanced alignment and the first direct empirical evidence for disalignment due to gas–grain collisions using high-resolution HCO+(J = 1-0) observations. We find that a relative amount of polarization is marginally anticorrelated with column density of HCO+. However, separating the lines of sight of optical polarimetry into those behind, or in front of, a dense clump as seen from γ Cas, the distribution separates into two well defined sets, with data corresponding to “shaded” gas having a shallower slope. This is expected if the decrease in polarization is caused by collisions since collisional disalignment rate is proportional to

. Ratios of the best-fit slopes for the “illuminated” and “shaded” samples of lines of sight agrees, within the uncertainties, with the square root of the two-temperature H2 excitation in the nebula seen by Thi et al.
The Effect of Biodiesel on Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of DI Diesel Engine
Authors: Nguyen H. , Čorňák Š.
Published: February 2021

Biodiesel fuels play an important role in addressing issues such as food security and environmental pollution. Diesel oil fuel and biodiesel-diesel blends (including B5S, B10S, and B100S which are produced from the rubber seed oil by supercritical methods) are going to be examined in this study. Engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of diesel engine were studied. The results of this experimental research show that the oxygen content of biodiesel helps to improve combustion, reduce ignition delay and decrease a significant amount of smoke density emitted from the engine; however, improved combustion has resulted in a slight increase in the amount of NOx. The results from this study have made contribution to the development and use of biodiesel fuel.
Reduction of Corrosion Rate of Aluminium Alloy 6061 through Anodization
Authors: Samad M. F. A. , Ramle R.
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on reducing the corrosion rate of aluminium alloy 6061 through anodizing. The study involves characterizing corrosion phenomenon that occurs on aluminium alloy 6061 in relation to parameters involved in an anodizing process, in particular the current density of anodizing, and its corrosion environment; specifically, the concentration and pH value of the corrosion accelerator. The experiment samples were anodized in sulphuric acid (H2SO4) at a current density ranging from 0.012 A/mm2 to 0.018 A/mm2. The paper also includes a qualitative analysis of corrosion images obtained from the experiment through scanning electron microscope. It concludes that corrosion rate may be reduced through an increase of current density during anodizing.
Pascal, auteur classique : la révision du texte des Pensées
Authors: Armogathe Jean-Robert
Published: February 2021

L’édition de Port-Royal mérite l’attention : par la révision du texte de Pascal, elle témoigne à la fois de la réception des  Pensées  chez ses proches, de leur souci de corriger les fragments pour les accommoder à un idéal de style et, enfin, de tempérer les audaces théologiques de leur ami. Le génie propre de Pascal ressort d’autant mieux que l’on considère les corrections qui ont dû être apportées.
« Autour de lui, non en lui » : qualités empruntées et avantages effectifs chez Pascal
Authors: Fréry Nicolas
Published: February 2021

Pascal s’inscrit plusieurs fois en faux contre le texte des Essais (I. 42) dans lequel Montaigne s’étonne que l’on estime autrui pour ce qui est « autour de lui, non en lui ». La nécessité de faire reposer les distinctions sociales sur un critère incontestable, le refus de tenir l’habit pour une « superficie », la disqualification des qualités de l’âme comme « qualités empruntées », sont autant d’arguments opposés à Montaigne. En analysant la réflexion pascalienne sur les rapports entre intrinsèque et extrinsèque, c’est une relecture du fragment « Qu’est-ce que le moi ? », de ses enjeux politiques, de ses antécédents montaigniens (et non seulement cartésiens), de ses liens avec la liasse « Raison des effets », que nous proposons.
Causalité psychique des EMI
Authors: Le Maléfan Pascal
Published: February 2021

Les approches scientifiques actuelles des EMI font une large place aux neurosciences et induisent l’idée que leur causalité serait à chercher du côté du fonctionnement et dysfonctionnements du cerveau. Il est ici réaffirmé que l’EMI, en tant que phénomène humain, a une causalité psychique, car il s’agit avant tout de la réaction d’une subjectivité à la rencontre de son possible anéantissement ou dissolution. La clinique du traumatisme sert d’appui à la démonstration de cette thèse.
La pudeur ou l’impudeur . Le sida, la mort et le regard chez Hervé Guibert
Authors: Nicolas Jonathan
Published: February 2021

À travers les récits et le film de l’écrivain Hervé Guibert nous allons rendre compte de l’impact traumatique du diagnostic de séropositivité et des examens médicaux tels qu’ils se pratiquaient dans les années quatre-vingt-dix. L’étude de cas que nous allons mener sur la production littéraire et cinématographique de l’artiste nous permettra d’interroger l’importance du regard et de la recherche esthétique du corps malade afin d’envisager sa propre mort.
Origines des fables et fables des origines dans l’ Histoire des deux Indes . Diderot dialoguant avec Fontenelle et Voltaire
Authors: Brot Muriel
Published: February 2021

Histoire de la colonisation depuis le xv e  siècle jusqu’aux années 1760-1770, inspirée par le rationalisme historique de Fontenelle et de Voltaire, l’ Histoire des deux Indes de l’abbé Raynal s’intéresse doublement aux origines des nations : sur le plan historiographique, pour dénoncer les fables et les impostures qui dénaturent l’histoire ; sur le plan politique, pour mettre au jour, et tenter d’infléchir, les processus économiques et philosophiques qui bloquent l’évolution des sociétés.
An A or Your Life!
Authors: Tardieu Claire
Published: February 2021

This paper focuses on the issue of assessments, i.e. requirements and grading, in an American university. It addresses the following questions: What are the main features of assessments in the English department at the University of Texas at Austin (UTA)? Are there any factors that put pressure on professors and force them to raise grades? Methodologically, we first analyzed the online descriptions of all the English courses offered during the 2019 Spring semester. This quantitative analysis highlights the main features of assessments in the context of this university and makes it possible to confront them with the issues of reliability and fairness (McMillan 1999). Then, we conducted a qualitative analysis of six interviews of professors who explained how they evaluate and grade their students. This second type of data analysis allows us to discuss the issue of validity (Cronbach & Meehl 1955; McMillan 1999), as well as that of fair grading. To what extent do the interviewees feel forced to raise grades and why? Is the firearm issue in Texas a relevant factor? Finally, a case study focuses on an upper-division course of English Romantic Poetry given by the present researcher to a class of 26 undergraduate students (of all levels: freshmen and seniors) majoring in English or other subjects, which investigates the possibility of formatting a valid course that generates higher grades.
Analysis of the supportive care needs of the parents of preterm children in South Korea using big data text-mining: Topic modeling
Authors: Park Ji Hyeon , Lee Hanna , Cho Haeryun
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the supportive care needs of parents of preterm children in South Korea using text data from a portal site.Methods: In total, 628 online newspaper articles and 1,966 social network service posts published between January 1 and December 31, 2019 were analyzed. The procedures in this study were conducted in the following order: keyword selection, data collection, morpheme analysis, keyword analysis, and topic modeling. Results: The term "yirundung-yi", which is a native Korean word referring to premature infants, was confirmed to be a useful term for parents. The following four topics were identified as the supportive care needs of parents of preterm children: 1) a vague fear of caring for a baby upon imminent neonatal intensive care unit discharge, 2) real-world difficulties encountered while caring for preterm children, 3) concerns about growth and development problems, and 4) anxiety about possible complications.Conclusion: Supportive care interventions for parents of preterm children should include general parenting methods for babies. A team composed of multidisciplinary experts must support the individual growth and development of preterm children and manage the complications of prematurity using highly accessible media.
An integrative review of studies of condom use among Korean college students
Authors: Kim Yoonjung , Min Hye Young , Lee Jungmin , Kim Shin-Jeong
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was (a) to synthesize studies of condom use among South Korean college students, and (b) to appraise the quality of each article using Gough's weight of evidence.Methods: Studies published in English and Korean were searched in electronic databases using the terms "student or college student or university student or undergraduate", "condom", and "Korea*".Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, showed appropriate quality, and were therefore selected for review. The variables related to condom use were measured in terms of condom-related factors, factors related to non-condom-related knowledge and attitudes, and other factors. Knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy were associated with condom use, and there were differences in condom-related factors among men and women.Conclusion: Based on these findings, it was confirmed that sexual education is needed for both men and women to promote condom use. Education on condom use should not only focus directly on condoms, but should also address other aspects of knowledge and attitudes to influence health beliefs. In addition, developing educational programs targeting adolescents and parents will have a positive effect on college students' condom use.
Empathy, cyberbullying, and cybervictimization among Filipino adolescents
Authors: Shannen Tadena , Kim Shin-Jeong , Lee Jungmin
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gain insights into empathy, cyberbullying, and cybervictimization among Filipino adolescents.Methods: The participants were 168 junior high school students in the 7th to 10th grades at a public high school in Cavite Province, Philippines. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, the Basic Empathy Scale, and Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory-II scores. The data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics (frequency and mean), the independent t-test, bivariate correlation, and one-way analysis of variance.Results: The degree of empathy did not show a statistically significant relationship with cyberbullying (r=-.07, p=.359) but did show a significant relationship with cybervictimization (r=.18, p=.025). Furthermore, cyberbullying had a statistically significant association with cybervictimization (r=.60, p<.001).Conclusion: Although empathy does not necessarily affect cyberbullying, higher levels of empathy were found among cyberbullying victims. However, an alarming result of this study is the possibility that victims may become cyberbullies. Therefore, we should highlight empathy as part of efforts to prevent cyberbullying and to solve various cyber-related problems. Since cyberbullying and cybervictimization are closely related, it is important to focus on this relationship and to make multilateral efforts to ensure that cyberbullying does not lead to other negative issues.
Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in animals in Iran
Authors: Jokar Mohammad , Rabiee Mohammad Hasan , Bokaie Saied , Rahmanian Vahid , Dehesh Paria , Hasannejad Hamideh , Hushmandi Kiavash , Keshipour Hadi
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To review the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among animal population of Iran.

Methods:

Data were systematically gathered from 1 January 2000 to 1 January 2020 in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database (SID). According to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and inclusion criteria, 88 eligible studies were obtained.

Results:

The pooled prevalence of cryptosporidiosis using random and fixed effects model according to heterogeneity among animals was as follows: rodents 18.8% (95% CI 12.6%-25.0%), camels 17.1% (95% CI 8.6%-25.7%), cattle 16.8% (95% CI 13.4%-20.1%), goats 14.1% (95% CI 5.2%-23.0%), horses 12.2% (95% CI 8.3%- 16.2%), birds 10.5% (95% CI 7.6%-13.4%), sheep 9.9% (95% CI 2.4%-4.9%), cats 8.8% (95% CI 4.8%-12.8%) and dogs 3.7% (95% CI 7.0%-12.8%).

Conclusions:

Cryptosporidiosis has been reported and present in a wide range of animals in Iran over the years and has a high prevalence in most of these species.
Impact of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic on Hemodialysis Care Delivery Pattern in Karnataka, India
Authors: Anupama Y. J. , Conjeevaram Arvind , Prabhu A R , Doshetty Manjunath , Srinivasa Sanjay , Moger Venkatesh
Published: February 2021

Background:

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted health-care delivery globally. Patients on in-center hemodialysis (HD) are particularly affected due to their multiple hospital visits and the need for uninterrupted care for their well-being and survival. We studied the impact of the pandemic and the national policy for pandemic control on the HD care delivery in Karnataka state in India in April 2020, when the first and second national lockdown were in place.

Materials and Methods:

An online, questionnaire-based survey of dialysis facilities was conducted, and the responses analyzed. The questions were pertaining to the key areas such as changes in a number of dialysis treatments, frequency, duration, expenses, transportation to and from dialysis units, impact on the availability of consumables, the effect on dialysis personnel, and on machine maintenance.

Results:

Sixty-two centers participated. Median of dialysis treatments for the months of March and April 2020 was 695.5 and 650, respectively. Reduction in dialysis treatments was noted in 29 (46.8%) facilities, decreased frequency reported by sixty centers. In at least 35 (56.5%) centers, dialysis patients had to bear increased expenses. Cost and availability of dialysis consumables were affected in 40 (64.5%) and 55 (88.7%) centers, respectively. Problems with transportation and movement restriction were the two key factors affecting both patients and dialysis facilities.

Conclusions:

This survey documents the collateral impact of COVID-19 on the vulnerable group of patients on HD, even when not affected by COVID. It identifies the key areas of challenges faced by the patients and the facilities and implores the care providers for finding newer avenues for mitigation of the problems.
A Case of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema and Pleural Effusion following Diclofenac Administration
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kamath Vasantha , Ganguly Shreyashi
Published: February 2021

The acute manifestations of diclofenac allergy vary from mild urticaria or skin rash to severe and life-threatening complications such as ARDS, and anaphylactic shock. Very few cases of diclofenac allergy have been reported in literature especially with respect to pulmonary manifestations. We are reporting a case of a 31-year-old who presented in respiratory distress consequent to diclofenac hypersensitivity. Our patient had non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and bilateral minimal pleural effusion 3 days following diclofenac administration. On examination the patient was conscious, alert and oriented, PR- 88 bpm, BP- 150/100 mmHg, RR-22 cpm temperature 98.6°F with oxygen saturation of 95% on room air. Her respiratory system examination revealed a dull note on percussion and decreased vocal fremitus, decreased vocal resonance, diminished air entry in bilateral infra scapular and infra axillary areas with fine inspiratory crepitations. The diagnosis of ARDS was ruled out as the ratio of PaO2 to FiO2 was 410. After treatment with I.V diuretics, antibiotics and inhalational bronchodilators she improved over a period of 5 days. She had complete resolution of her chest symptoms and chest findings both clinically and radiologically. Pulmonary manifestations such as ARDS, eosinophilic pneumonitis, pleural effusion, eosinophilic pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, hemoptysis, pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia and asthmatic attacks are rare. The temporal relationship between symptom onset and drug administration is the most important piece of history while making the diagnosis. History of allergic reaction to NSAIDs should be evaluated in detail. It is therefore important that the physician keep this in mind while prescribing.
Bounds for twists of GL(3) $L$-functions
Authors: Lin Yongxiao
Published: February 2021

Let

\pi

be a fixed Hecke–Maass cusp form for

\mathrm{SL}(3,\mathbb{Z})

and

\chi

be a primitive Dirichlet character modulo

M

, which we assume to be a prime. Let

L(s,\pi\otimes \chi)

be the

L

-function associated to

\pi\otimes \chi

. For any given

\varepsilon > 0

, we establish a subconvex bound

L(1/2+it, \pi\otimes \chi)\ll_{\pi, \varepsilon} (M(|t|+1))^{3/4-1/36+\varepsilon}

, uniformly in both the

M

- and

t

-aspects.