bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF THE REGIONAL NERVE BLOCKADE AT THE LIMB REPERFUSION IN PEDIATRIC ORTHOPEDICS
Authors: Chekhova O. G. , Ostanina V. A. , Shmakov A. H.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Arterial tourniquets are widely used to improve visualization of the surgical field and to reduce blood loss . However, the resulting ischemia and subsequent reperfusion make doctors seek for better options to reduce these complications. Objective. To find out how the regional nerve blockade impacts the reperfusion of ischemized limb when arterial tourniquets are removed during orthopedic surgeries in children. Material and methods. In 16 patients, who were operated on at the department of trauma and orthopedics of the Novosibirsk Children ‘s Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care (CCHEMC) , surgical intervention required the application of an arterial tourniquet. These patients became participants in an observational pilot study. Patients with tourniquets were divided into two groups: Group I - had the regional nerve blockade ( 9 patients) and Group II - had no regional nerve blockade (7 patients). Parameters of acid-base homeostasis, lactate and arterial blood glucose were assessed in all patients at all stages: before surgery (stage 1), main stage (stage 2), 5 minutes after the tourniquet removal (stage 3). The following parameters were compared in this work: mean arterial pressure (MAP), mm Hg; heart rate (min-1); concentration of lactate in the arterial blood (mmol/l), glycemia (mmol/l). The obtained findings are presented as median (Me) of lower and upper quartiles [Q25; Q75]. Results. The found dynamics of lactate concentration in participants’ blood was the most significant result of the study. In Group I, where regional anesthesia was used, lactate level decreased at the stage 2 and returned to its baseline at the stage 3. In Group II (without regional anesthesia, but with a powerful central analgesic preparation) , lactate level did not change at stage 2, but significantly increased at stage 3. Conclusion. Topical anesthetic (Ropivakaine), used in the regional nerve blockade during orthopedic surgeries in children when arterial tourniquets are put, has less harmful effects in surgical aggression.
Intersectionality: from theory to law and human rights practice
Authors:   Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho, Gebruers Cecilia ,   Argentina
Published: December 2020

Intersectionality has been praised as the most important contribution that gender studies has achieved so far (McCall, 2005, p. 1771), as a result of its promising ambition to allow for more effective ways of addressing the many and complex forms of oppression that women experience (Conaghan, 2009, p. 21). At the same time, intersectionality has raised heated debates around its origin, methodologies, its relationship with identity politics and legal implications, among other disputes (Nash, 2017, p. 118). This paper has the main purpose of bringing an initial approach to the concept of intersectionality from three different dimensions: theory, law and practice. The first section will explain theoretical developments of intersectionality that will allow to introduce the main challenges the concept faces. The second section will explore how the concept was received within the legal field, and will be compared to the principle of non-discrimination, specifically in the human rights field. The third section, will analyze how theoretical and normative aspects of intersectionality were actually applied in recent decisions of the Inter- American Court on Human Rights.
The role of intellectual capital models in the analysis of the contribution of universities to development : an empirical study at the UNRC Faculty of Economic Sciences
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina, Bersía Paola Belén , Ficco Cecilia Rita ,   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
Published: December 2020

The present work aims to show the importance of intellectual capital (IC) models in the analysis of the contribution of universities to development and to present the main results of the application of an IC model, designed by a group of researchers belonging to Latin American public universities, in the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the National University of Río Cuarto. To fulfill the stated objective, a descriptive study is carried out, combining documentary analysis with the application of a non-experimental design to carry out the proposed empirical study. The results reveal inefficiencies in the management of the IC of this academic unit, which warn about the existence of an important part of its components that can be enhanced to develop competitive advantages that generate future benefits for the institution and for the territory in which it is inserted. This information is an important input for the design of institutional policies.
Systemic evaluation model in the integral management of small an medium-sized porcine businesses
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Agronomía, Santa Rosa, Argentina, Franco Alexis Ghiglione , Braun Rodolfo Oscar ,   Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Facultad de Agronomía, Santa Rosa, Argentina
Published: December 2020

This research article aproaches in a systematic way the intrinsic problems typical of the daily management of small and medium-sized pig companies in the semi-arid region of the province of La Pampa, Argentina. Through the methodological use of a case study, from the point of view of the Balanced Scorecard, a set of indicators was constructed, grouped into four perspectives, which allowed to develop an adequate diagnosis of the current situation and to establish parameters for continuous improvement in the medium and long term. deadline to achieve the proposed strategic objectives. The document aims to present a generic evaluation methodology, which can be successfully replicated in other companies related to the pig agrifood chain, taking into account the particularities of any organization that develops productive activities.
Perceptions on the Quality of Life of Caregivers Caring for Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease in Brazil: An Urgent Need for Social and Health Policies
Authors: Souza Marina Celly Martins Ribeiro de , Silva Diana Da , Horta Natália De Cássia , Melgaço Júnia Andressa Rodrigues , Martins Lorraine Baêta Viana , Borges Carolina Marques
Published: December 2020

The aim of this research was to analyze the perceptions on the quality of life of caregivers who care for older adults with Alzheimer's disease. This study was conducted in the municipality of Betim, located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Thirty-two interviews were conducted with formal and informal caregivers. Data were organized into two empirical categories which affect the quality of life of caregivers: 1) older adult’s familial support, and 2) the burden of caregiver’s extensive workload. Results indicate that the quality of life of a caregiver can be elevated and improved through social support services provided by healthcare professionals, as well as health and social policies which allow a stronger support of caregivers through governmental programs.
PERTUMBUHAN AWAL KAYU MERAH (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) PADA PLOT KONSERVASI EX-SITU DI GUNUNGKIDUL UMUR 2 TAHUN
Authors: Yuliah Yuliah , Fiani Ari , Pamungkas Tri ,   Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan
Published: December 2020

Ex-situ conservation plot of kayu merah (Pterocarpus indicus Willd) has been established in Gunungkidul in2016. The purpose of this study was to observe the early growth of kayu merah in the plot at 2 years old. The plot was laid-out in randomized complete block design consisting of 68 families, 4 tree-plot and 5 blocks with spacing of 3 m × 3 m. Genetic materials of kayu merah were collected from 3 populations namely Timor, Flores and Seram. Measurement was conducted in survival rate, tree diameter, tree height and number of branches. The result showed that the average survival rate of family was high (≥80%). Based on the populations, the survival rate of Timor, Flores and Seram were around 95%, 96% and 96.5% respectively. The average height, diameter and number of branches were 275 cm, 2.79 cm and 1.66, respectively. There were significant differences for height, diameter and number of branches among the tested families. In general, family ranking varied among the measured traits. Correlation between the traits varied among the populations. The Seram population showed the top family ranking for all the traits. It indicated that characterization in ex-situ conservation plot using genetic materials collected from the three populations was important for further conservation program of kayu merah.
PENGEMBANGAN METODE PENANDA ISOZYME PADA TREMBESI
Authors:   Sekolah Tinggi Pertanian Kutai Timur, Syah Titis Hutama , Arbain Arbain
Published: December 2020

Fifty samples of raintree from Sangatta, the capital city of Kutai Timur Regency, East Kalimantan were analyzed using isozyme markers to determine the characteristics of the banding pattern. The use of isozymes was intended as a biochemical marker for genetic diversity analysis. This study aimed to determine the enzyme system that could be used to determine genetic diversity of raintree. The enzyme systems used were diaphorase, esterase, and peroxidase. Polymorphism assessments were carried out on the parameters of expected heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), effective multiplex ratio (E), marker index (MI), discriminanting power (D), and Resolving (R). Among the three enzyme systems used, diaphorase showed consistent performance against each of the parameters assessed, with a value of H =0.475; PIC = 0.362; E =6.1; MI = 2,2; D = 0.63: and R = 4.44. However, esterase had the highest multiplex effective ratio (E = 6.16). Therefore, diaphorase is the best isozyme marker that can be used to analyze the genetic diversity of raintree.
INDUKSI KALUS EMBRIOGENIK DAN EMBRIO SOMATIK DARI EKSPLAN DAUN KULIM (Scorodacarpus borneensis Becc.)
Authors:   Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Pemuliaan Tanaman Hutan, Yelnititis Yelnititis
Published: December 2020

Kulim is one of woody plant that have multifunction as wood source and for spice and medicinal. Generative propagation of this plant have trouble because seed use limited. The use of leaf segment through somatic embryogenesis to solve the problem. The objective of this study is to obtain the best treatment to embryogenic callus induction. The modification of basal medium of Murashige and Skoog was used as growth medium. The experiment was conducted in three stages are callus induction, embryogenic callus and somatic embryo induction. The treatment of 2,4-D (3,0 – 12 mg/l) used for callus induction. For embriogenic callus induction used 2,4-D (3,0 – 12,0 mg/l) combined with NAA 0,5 mg/l. The treatment of thidiazuron (0,1 – 0,7 mg/l) used for somatic embryo induction. The result showed that the treatment of 2,4-D 6,0 mg/l is the best for callus induction with compact of texture, green, dry and non embryogenic. The treatment of combination 2,4-D 12.0 mg/l with NAA 0.5 mg/l is the best for friable callus induction. The treatment of 2,4-D 6.0 mg/l combined with NAA 0,5 mg/l is the best for embryogenic callus induction with very friable of texture, easy to separate, dry, smooth and glossy. Thidiazuron of 0,1 mg/l treatment is the best for somatic embryos induction with the average number of 7,8 somatic embryos.
Cultura Política e Educação Patrimonial: a Lei 10.639/03 – possíveis contribuições
Authors: Santana Nara Maria de , Silva Niara Oiara Aureliano da
Published: December 2020

O trabalho aqui apresentado teve como objetivo analisar o significado de Cultura Política, a influência desta cultura no desenvolvimento da Lei 10.639-03 - que trata da obrigatoriedade do ensino da história e da cultura afro-brasileira nos estabelecimentos de ensino fundamental e médio, das instituições públicas e privadas - na Educação Patrimonial e sua relação especialmente com os bens identificados como da Cultura Afro e Afro-Brasileira. Assim que, se pesquisou a história das políticas de Patrimônio ao longo do séc. XX, concentrando estes esforços em aspectos gerais desta temática no Brasil. Os conceitos privilegiados são o de Cultura Política e Educação Patrimonial. Para tanto, foi utilizada a metodologia da História Cultural, com atenção para as produções simbólicas no campo da cultura e com a pesquisa em fontes secundárias, mas também em referências as legislações e a Constituição Federal de 1988. Com esse método, pretende-se lograr o uso de um “procedimento racional e ordenado”, com a avaliação do material bibliográfico e documental pesquisado, a aferição dos dados e a análise reflexiva, a fim de alcançar os objetivos aqui estabelecidos.
Foreword: looking back to look forward
Authors: Elali Louise , Ramírez Ricardo
Published: December 2020

Ten years. A decade. Excursions’ tin anniversary is a major milestone that is certainly worth celebrating. We want to use this momentous occasion to take some time to reflect on where the journal has been, how far it has come, and where we go from here.
2 Virus
Authors: Eve Martin Paul , Daw Naomi
Published: December 2020

Reflecting about 2.1. Virus (2011).
Investigation of the multiscale flow structure in a horizontal fluid layer with inhomogeneous properties
Authors: Shcheritsa Olga Vladimirovna , Mazhorova Olga Semenovna , Shatrov Oleg Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper provides the study of the flow structure in a horizontal fluid layer with variable thermal diffusivity or with internal heat generation. The media properties are set up to produce a thin boundary sublayer convectively much more unstable than the bulk of the layer.The obtained multiscale flow was studied by computational homology methods and methods based on the theory of dynamical systems. The flows were investigated for the Prandtl number in the range [0.5,10]. The effect of medium properties on the structure of the fluid motion was studied.
Cartographic narratives: the teaching of mathematics and ICT
Authors: Santos José Elyton Batista dos
Published: December 2020

Talking about information and communication technologies (ICT) in education is not new, much less when it comes to discussions for integrating digital resources. Researchers such as Costa & Prado (2015), Santos & Vasconcelos (2018), Abar (2020) and Santos & Silva (2020), evidence this fact. Faced with this scenario, the following problematic question arises, which digital technologies are being increased more frequently in the teaching of mathematics? Bearing this question in mind, the present study focuses on investigating the frequency with which digital technologies are on school premises in the municipal network of Coruripe-AL, considering that this locus of investigation is a reference in the Basic Education Development Index (IDEB) in the state of Alagoas and Brazil. The research is of the qualitative type using cartographic inspirations; the field diary, semi-structured interview, documents and observations were used for data collection. In this work, it exposes the findings of one of the participants named P6. The findings demonstrate that digital technologies are gradually entering school premises, with emphasis on the use of smartphones and the interactive computer with a digital whiteboard.
Physiotherapeutic intervention in the intensive care unit for SARS-VOC-2 patients: challenges and innovations of invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Reis Noemi Moreira , De Carvalho Fábio Luiz Oliveira
Published: December 2020

The present work brings with it an analysis about the physiotherapeutic treatment in the patient submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation, resulting from the acute respiratory distress syndrome - SARA, originating from COVID-19, which is characterized by a viral infection and affects the airways, mainly, epithelial, alveolar and endothelial cells, thus causing the presence of multinucleate, syncytial cells and atypical pneumocytes between the alveoli, due to viral changes. Thus, the most severe forms of the disease demonstrate the inflammatory cascade that defines ARDS, through the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and alveolar and interstitial edema. In this sense, this study has the general objective of understanding how physiotherapy intervenes in the intensive care environment, compared to patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, who are on invasive mechanical ventilation. Therefore, the research methodology is characterized as an integrative literature review, collecting information in the Google Scholar databases, Medline (PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, PEDro, using as Health Sciences Descriptors: “Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult” “Respiratory Insufficiency” “Artificial respiration” and “COVID-19”, with time limits from 2010 to 2020 for articles. The results of research indicate that invasive mechanical ventilation is essential for maintaining the life of patients with ARDS, so they take protective ventilation in order to avoid further lung damage, through ventilation adjustments, which can be volume or pressure. It was also seen about prone ventilation, which seeks to improve the oxygenation rate and decrease mortality levels. In this context, it can be concluded that most of the articles found in this review corroborate the importance of the physiotherapist's performance in the ICU and his aptitude for the management of invasive mechanical ventilation, in order to promote improvement and discharge from this environment, as well as the relevance of mechanical ventilation stresses, which, by means of appropriate adjustments, provides a reduction in hypoxemia and, consequently, offers imminent improvement to patients undergoing it.
Conceptions of undergraduate students in Chemistry on the use of interactive interfaces in and for the activities developed in the distance course
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno Meneses , Santos José Elyton Batista dos , Vasconcelos Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2020

In cyberculture, educational practices find on the internet and web 2.0 a useful space to produce and share information and content. The unidirectionality conferred to mass media is the place for network multidirectionality, reconfiguring the logic of the communication system. In Distance Education (DE), the multiple interactive interfaces available on the network, such as e-mail, forum, chat, whatsapp and virtual learning environment (VLE), provide the interaction and interactivity of the subjects, fundamental conditions for a process dialogical communication with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this perspective, this study is part of a master's research in Science and Mathematics Teaching, and aims to investigate which interactive interfaces are used by students of a degree course in chemistry in the distance learning mode in and for the course activities. It is a research with a qualitative approach and a case study. Data were collected through a questionnaire in addition to consulting the course's pedagogical project and other documents. The results show that AVA and whatsapp stand out as the most used interfaces in the course, the latter being characteristic of learning with ubiquitous mobility and there are indications that interactivity occurs between the subjects through the interfaces and the relationships established are in line with what waits for this type of education, as they recognize the need to contemplate cyberculture in the teaching and learning process.
Digital interfaces: a methodological proposal as a strategy of teaching and learning in Mathematics classes
Authors: Silva Cássia Vanesa S. , Santos Givaldo Oliveira dos
Published: December 2020

Today, one can already think of a new way of doing education linked to various possibilities that involves the use of digital information and communication technologies in a school environment. To reflect on this practice, this work presents a hybrid learning format that involves both teacher and student in different environments around a digital resource called the Edpuzzle platform that comes to provide everyone involved with a different way of learning, which in this particular case is learning mathematics. This work approach was developed to bring viability to what is proposed in the classroom in order to provide learning and favor a new evaluative format. Consequently, the students affirm that this proposal could contribute to the understanding of the subject, as well as its use can contribute to the evaluation process.
The Correlation of Isomorphic, Open-Ended, and Conventional Score on the Ability to Solve Kinematics Graph Questions
Authors: Suganda Tomy , Kusairi Sentot , Azizah Nur , Parno Parno
Published: December 2020

isomorphic and conventional to open-ended can reflect students' learning difficulties on kinematic's graphs. This study used a quantitative descriptive form of survey research. The respondents were twenty-nine senior high school students from Semarang. The instruments were adopted from the Test of Understanding Graphs-Kinematic (TUG-K) by Robert J.Beichner (1994). There were nine questions used from the TUG-K with open-ended questions that have been validated. The results show that students have difficulties learning about kinematic's graphs, and there is no relation between open-ended scores and the other two scores. Nonetheless, judging from the correlation coefficient, the correlation between open-ended and conventional tasks is 0.075, which means low correlation, while for isomorphic score and open-ended score in the amount of 0.109 is higher than the correlation of traditional and open-ended. This correlation is insignificant. However, the closest correlation direction to the open-ended test is isomorphic compared to the conventional one. Therefore, it is concluded that isomorphic assessment is more useful than traditional review in kinematic graphics.
PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN IPS MENGGUNAKAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI MTs NU MIFTAHUL ULUM LORAM KULON KECAMATAN JATI KABUPATEN KUDUS TAHUN 2020/2021
Authors: Hakim Alief Lukman , Muthohar Habib , Rofi'i Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Penelitian karakter ini berdasakan pada pembelajaran yang dilakukan di MTs NU Miftahul Ulum yang mana dalam pembelajran ini dilakukan daring. Proses pelaksanaan penelitiaan ini akan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif untuk menghasilkan kenyataan karakter yang terbentuk dalam pembelajaran di Mts NU Miftahul Ulum. Penggalian ilmu peneliti menggunakan teknik wawancara dan pengamatan yang hasilnya menunjukan adanya signifikan pada karakter pembelajran yang dilakukan oleh MTs NU Miftahul Ulum. Bentuk dari pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan dalam masa daring bisa dilakukan untuk pendidikan karakter. Tidak hanya itu, proses pembelajaran ini daring masih bisa dilakukan seperti pada proses pembelajran secara konvensional.
Upaya Menyemai Moderasi Beragama Mahasiswa IAIN Kudus melalui Paradigma Ilmu Islam Terapan
Authors: Salamah Nur , Nugroho Muhammad Arief , Nugroho Puspo
Published: December 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus menyemai moderasi beragama di kalangan mahasiswa dalam menghadapi maraknya radikalisme dan intoleransi. Serta untuk mengetahui paradigma keilmuan seperti apakah yang digunakan dalam menghadapi permasalahan tersebut. Dalam prosesnya penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan studi kepustakaan. Ditemukan adanya tiga langkah strategi penyemaian moderasi beragama berparadigma Islam Terapan di Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus diantaranya dengan menjadikan Ilmu Islam Terapan sebagai mata kuliah, membangun Rumah Moderasi, dan  menyelenggarakan Kelas IIT. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian ini adalah paradigma Ilmu Islam Terapan merupakan pondasi utama dalam menjalankan setiap program kegiatan. Melalui paradigma Islam Terapan dan ketiga strategi penyemaian moderasi beragama tersebut diharapkan dapat membentuk mahasiswa yang berpikir moderat dan bertoleransi tinggi.
This article aims to determine how State Islamic Institute of Kudus sow religious moderation among students to against radicalism and intolerance. And to determine which paradigm was used to against that problems. This article uses a qualitative approachment. Data collection is done with library riset technique. There is three steps of strategy to sow religious moderation based to applied islam paradigm in State Islamic Institute of Kudus, among others are make Applied IslamScience as subject, build Rumah Moderasi (Moderation House), and organize an IIT Class. The results obtained from this study is Applied Islam paradigm is the main foundation to operating those strategies. Through Applied Islam paradigm and the sowing strategies of religious moderation are expected to form students can have a moderate thought and high tolerance.
Implementation of Scientific Approach in Physics
Authors: Arini Wahyu
Published: December 2020

This research is entitled "The Implementation of Scientific Approaches in Physics Learning in Class X of SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau". This study aims to determine the completeness of physics learning outcomes of class X students of SMA Negeri 9 lubuk linggau after implementing the Scientific approach. The research method used was quasi-experimental. This research uses a scientific approach, the scientific approach has stages of observing, asking, trying, reasoning, and communicating. The learning material in this research is measurement. The population in this study was all class X SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau and the sample was class X IPA 2, amounting to 36 students and taken randomly. The test instrument uses 7 essay questions and observation sheets to collect data about all activities or student activity processes during learning. Based on the results of data analysis with t-test, it was obtained that t-count = 4,33 and t-table = 1,697, this shows that t-hitung ≥ t-tabel then Ha was received and Ho was rejected. Thus the hypothesis proposed in this study can be accepted as true. So it can be concluded the physics learning outcomes of class X students of SMA Negeri 9 Lubuklinggau after applying the Scientific approach is significantly completed.
Family Foodstuff Inventory as Biology Learning Source of Biodiversity Concept in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fauziah Hanin Niswatul , Putri Widya Retno , Mayangsari Riya , Shima Amiliana Zaratul , Heriyawan Hanip Heri , Raharjo Bagus Sapto
Published: December 2020

Since Covid-19 pandemic government requires all educational institution to apply online learning. Therefore, they must be able to use local potential as a learning source as much as possible. One of the local potentials used as a learning source is implementing an inventory of family foodstuffs. This research aimed to determine the type of foodstuff consumed by the biology college student’s families in the Covid-19 pandemic and how to integrate it into the biology learning of biodiversity concept. Data were collected by observing the foodstuffs of  28 biology college students’s families. Every college student recorded the food consumed by his family for two weeks. The data were foodstuffs name, part of foodstuffs consumed and its benefits. Consumed foodstuffs will be sampled, photographed, and identified up to the family level. Foodstuff for every college student’s family were tabulated into Microsoft Excel and collected into class data and then analyzed descriptively. Results showed there were 2 types of foodstuffs consumed by the biology student’s families namely vegetable and animal foodstuff. The most consumed vegetables during the Covid-19 pandemic came from Fabaceae of 15 species and the most consumed animal came from Bovidae of 2 species. Inventory of family foodstuffs during Covid-19 pandemic can be used as a biology learning source of biodiversity. After knowing the taxa of each foodstuff, college students ccould categorize the level of biodiversity. Integrating the environment as a learning source make learning more applicable, varied, interesting, and easier for college students to understand the material being studied.
Pre-service Science Teachers’ Impressions on The Implementation of Small-Scale Chemistry Practicum
Authors: Imaduddin Muhamad , Tantayanon Supawan , Zuhaida Anggun , Hidayah Fitria Fatichatul
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the implementation of the small-scale chemistry approach in the practicum, as well as to show various Pre-service Science Teachers’ impressions. This research is action research involving 69 Pre-service Science Teachers (PSTs), 15 males and 54 females. Collecting data using documentation techniques at each stage of practicum activities, as well as reflection sheets. The results of the documentation are presented and analyzed using narrative descriptions, while the results of the reflections from the PSTs are coded and grouped into (1) the most memorable experiment, (2) positive impressions, and (3) negative impressions. The practicum covers five topics, namely (1) separation of the mixture (filtration), (2) reaction rate, (3) oxidation and reduction reactions (electrolysis), (4) heat transfer (calorimeter), and (5) acid-base solution. The practicum that gave the most impressive was the practicum on acid-base solutions (41.2%), while the one that got the least impressive was the practicum on calorimeters (4.4%). Many positive impressions that appear in practicum activities are “low-cost”, “colorful”, “easy to carry”, “hard to break”, “material savings”, and “more understandable”. The most negative impressions that appear in the series of implementation activities are “limited tools”, “too small-scale tools” and “inaccuracy”. The result of the teacher's reflection finally considers the impression of "limited tools", "material limitation", and "too simple" to be a consideration in developing further practicum activities with the SSC approach.
Analisis faktor internal dan eksternal yang mempengaruhi holding period saham LQ45
Authors: Veridiana Ani
Published: December 2020

The research objective was to examine the effect of the bid-ask spread, market value, earnings per share, return on equity, inflation and the SBI interest rate on the holding period of shares. This study uses non-participant observation methods, namely by looking at data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and quantitative research types, there are 10 sample companies used in this study and using purposive sampling technique, in data collection is by documentation and variables used. in this study are the bid-ask spread, market value, earnings per share, return on equity, inflation and the SBI interest rate. There are variables that influence and there are two variables that do not influence, namely inflation and the SBI interest rate because the circulation values of the two variables are not good.
Kepemimpinan transformasional dan komunikasi organisasi: perannya terhadap kinerja karyawan
Authors: Choiriyah Choiriyah , Andayani Endah , Sarwoko Endi
Published: December 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of transformational leadership and organizational communication on employee performance achievement. Using a quantitative research approach, by collecting data from 120 employees as the research sample. The data analysis technique used Multiple Linear Regression analysis. The results showed that transformational leadership has a positive effect on employee performance, other findings indicate that organizational communication also has a positive effect on employee performance. Companies need to enhance transformational leadership and ensure that organizational communication is well-executed, clear and follows well-recognized channels. Future researchers could consider employee engagement variables as a mediator of the relationship between organizational communication and employee performance.
Ferulic acid attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in retinal degeneration
Authors: Sun Xiaowei , Sun Peng , Liu Limei , Jiang Pengfei , LI YUANBIN
Published: December 2020

Background: Retinal degeneration is often accompanied by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Ferulic acid (FA), an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study explores the impact of FA on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and associated retinal degeneration in rd10 mice. Methods: Rd10 mice received different concentrations of FA every day from postnatal day (P)4 to P24. On P25, the visual function of the mice was evaluated by electroretinogram, and retinae were collected for further investigation. Microglial activation and the expression of relevant cytokines in the retina were evaluated by qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Retinal structure was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.Results: Supplementation with 50 mg/kg FA provided optimal protection against retinal degeneration, with treated mice exhibiting more photoreceptor nuclei as well as greater wave amplitude amplification on electroretinogram than untreated mice. FA suppressed microglial activation both in vivo and in vitro, and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors Tnfα, IL1β, and Ccl2 in the retinae of rd10 mice. Furthermore, FA suppressed the activation of STAT1 and subsequently inhibited IRF8 expression, potentially highlighting a role for these pathways in FA-mediated immunomodulatory activity. Conclusions: Attenuation of neuroinflammation by FA may be beneficial for retarding retinal degeneration.
Establishment of Multi-Dimensional Detection Series (MDS) For the Assessments of Gastric Motility Alterations in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Yu Jun , Yang Yi , Lin Mingxin , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Lixia , Yang Dong , Zhang Zhifeng , Sun Xiaoyu , Chen Jiande , Hou Xiukun , Duan Zhijun
Published: December 2020

Background: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is sub-categorized into postprandial distress syndrome (FD-PDS) and epigastric pain syndrome (FD-EPS). It is a necessary to determine a series of safe, feasible, non-invasive, and economical assessment methods, which may detect more pathophysiological alterations to guide corresponding treatment. Aim: To establish a multi-dimensional detection series (MDS) comprehensively evaluating the gastric motility of FD patients and verify the clinical value of MDS. Methods: FD-PDS patients (meeting Rome IV criteria) were recruited, among which 35 patients were enrolled in FD group. 30 healthy volunteers were recruited into the Control group (C group). After the assessment of psychology and symptom scales, the following tests (measuring gastric motility from different latitude) were conducted in both groups. Then, the differential indexes between the two groups were determined and a multi-dimensional detection series for FD was combined according to the statistical principle. Finally, the MDS was used to test another group for verifying its validity and feasibility. Results: The differential indexes could be detected (P<0.05), including Maximum gastric tolerance, 10 min, 20min and 30 min Sufficiency score, Postprandial slow wave ratio, Post-meal/pre-meal power ratio, 20 min and 30 min Gastric emptying rate, and Low frequency/High frequency of HRV. A formula was constructed it was proved that MDS could give evidences of normal or abnormal gastric motility. Conclusions: MDS may help clinicians to discover more pathophysiological alterations of gastric motility in FD patient, and potentially provide a basis for corresponding treatments.
Combatting with Challenges in Medical Education During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study Identifying the Effectiveness of Using E-Learning in Pediatric Clinical Clerkship of A University Hospital, Pakistan
Authors: Raza Mahanoor , Kaleem Sidra , Qureshi Sonia , Aslam Nadeem , Madhwani Akber , Saeed Sana
Published: December 2020

Background The emergence of COVID-19 raises the opportunity to reimagine medical education. One way of attempting this is online classes, also known as e-learning, through recordings and or live streaming. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the effectiveness of using the e-learning instructional methodology for a Pediatric module with the fourth year MBBS students at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Methods It was a sequential (Quantitative-Qualitative) mixed-method study. The quantitative component of the study consisted of pre and post-tests, as well as feedback on each session. The qualitative component was composed of focused-group discussions to explore students' experiences. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. Mean ±SD was reported for quantitative variables, and frequency and percentages were calculated for nominal variables. The pre and post-test scores were compared using a paired t-test. Pre and post mean test scores were analyzed in comparison to the level of student groups (Experts, Semi-experts, and Novice) by one-way ANOVA. For qualitative content analysis, categories were clumped together to yield sub-themes that were further merged into themes.Results All students (n= 102) participated and enrolled in this study. Fifty-nine participants (68.8%) were female. Participants were stratified into three groups, Novice 41(40.2%), Semi-expert 21 (19.6%), and Expert 40 (39.2%). The majority of the students appreciated the session structure and facilitation. There was a significant effect (p<0.005) on knowledge enhancement during each session, depicted by the improvement in post-test scores. It was also supported by the positive association (r=0.242 to 0.595) between the gain in knowledge and each session held. The ANOVA yielded no statistical significance between the knowledge gained among the three group levels, denoting that our online module had been proven successful in achieving the same learning goals as an in-person rotation.Conclusion E-learning is an effective way of continuing the process of delivering medical education, especially in unprecedented times. Technological enhancements will help carry the impact forward as a blended-learning pedagogical approach in undergraduate medical education.
The Relationship of Supportive Roles With Mental Health and Satisfaction With Life in Female Household Heads: A Structural Equations Model
Authors: Shadabi Nooshin , Saeieh Sara Esmaelzadeh – , Qorbani Mostafa , Babaheidari Touran Bahrami , Mahmoodi Zohreh
Published: December 2020

Background: Female household heads are faced with many more problems than men due to their multiple concurrent roles. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship of supportive roles with mental health and satisfaction with life in female household heads using a structural equations model.Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 286 eligible female household heads in Karaj, Iran, in 2020, who were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using VAX social support, the perceived social support scale, the general health questionnaire (GHQ), and the satisfaction with life questionnaire plus a socio-demographic checklist, and were analyzed in SPSS-16 and Lisrel-8.8.Results: The participants’ mean age was 43.1±1.7 years. According to the path analysis results, satisfaction with life had the highest direct positive relationship with perceived social support (B=0.33) and the highest indirect positive relationship with age (B=0.13) and the highest direct and indirect positive relationship with education and social support (B=0.13). Also, mental health had a direct negative relationship with satisfaction with life (B=-0.29), an indirect negative relationship with social support, and both a direct and indirect negative relationship with perceived support (B=-0.26).Conclusion: Based on the results, supportive roles had a negative relationship with mental health and a positive relationship with satisfaction with life in female household heads. Accordingly, given the status and role of women in the health of family members and the community and the greater vulnerability of this group, further attention and support should be directed toward these women by the government and relevant organizations.
Subgrouping of Iranian Women Based on Breast Cancer Risk Factors in A Population-Based Screening Program.
Authors: Sepandi Mojtaba , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Afrashteh Sima , Alimohamadi Yousef , Abbasi-Ghahramnaloo Abbas
Published: December 2020

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide. The aim of this study was to find the subgroups of women on the basis of clustering of breast cancer risk factors. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed within the framework of Shiraz breast cancer screening program between 2004 and 2013. Clinical breast examination, mammography or sonography, fine needle aspiration or biopsy, and surgery in case of indications were performed for all participants. Also, face-to-face interviews were performed by trained staff using a structured questionnaire to collect demographic information. Latent class analysis was used to achieve study’s objectives. Results: four latent classes were indemnified; 1) general population risk (83.4% in healthy and 65.7% in diseased women), 2) moderate risk (7.8% in healthy and 20.5% in diseased women), 3) semi moderate risk [for healthy women (7.6%)] / low risk [for diseased women (8.9%)], and 4) low risk [for healthy women(0.9%)] /high risk [for diseased women(4.9%)]. This study showed that among healthy and diseased women, in the latent class 1 and 2 there was a similar pattern of breast cancer risk factors. However, in latent class 3 and 4 there were some different in the clustering of risk factors among two groups. Conclusions: Results from the present study indicated that among healthy women, 15.4% of them fell under moderate risk or semi moderate risk classes, which stresses the necessity of implementing educational and preventive intervention for this stratum of women.
A Prospective Cohort Study providing Insights for Markers of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in Women of Advanced Maternal Age
Authors: Lean Samantha , Jones Rebecca , Roberts Stephen , Heazell Alexander
Published: December 2020

Background Advanced maternal age (AMA; ≥35 years) is associated with increased rates of adverse pregnancy outcome. Better understanding of underlying pathophysiological processes may improve identification of AMA mothers who are at greatest risk of adverse outcome. This study aimed to investigate changes in oxidative stress and inflammation in AMA women and identify clinical and biochemical predictors of adverse pregnancy outcome in women of AMA.Methods The Manchester Advanced Maternal Age Study (MAMAS) was a multicentre, observational, prospective cohort study of 527 mothers. Participants were divided into three age groups for comparison 20-30 years (n=158), 35-39 years (n=212) and ≥40 years (n=157). Demographic and medical data were collected along with maternal blood samples at 28 and 36 weeks’ gestation. Multivariable analysis was conducted to identify variables associated with adverse outcome, defined as one or more of: small for gestational age (<10th centile), FGR (<5th centile), stillbirth, NICU admission, preterm birth <37 weeks gestation or Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes. Biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and placental dysfunction were quantified in maternal serum. Univariate and multivariable statistical analyses were used to identify associations with composite adverse fetal outcome.Results: Maternal smoking was associated with adverse outcome in older mothers (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 4.34, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) 1.88, 9.99), whereas multiparity reduced the odds (AOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34, 0.99). In uncomplicated AMA pregnancies, lower circulating anti-inflammatory IL-10, IL-RA and increased antioxidant capacity (TAC) were seen. In AMA with adverse outcome, TAC and oxidative stress markers were increased and levels of maternal circulating placental hormones (hPL, PlGF and sFlt-1) were reduced (p<0.05). Of these, placental growth factor had the strongest predictive accuracy (Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (AUROC) = 0.74) followed by TAC (AUROC=0.69).Conclusions: This study identified alterations in circulating inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in AMA women and in AMA women with adverse pregnancy outcome providing preliminary evidence of mechanistic links. Further, larger studies are required to determine if these markers can be developed into a predictive model of an individual AMA woman’s risk of APO, enabling a reduction in stillbirth rates whilst minimising unnecessary intervention.
Valorization of Pet-Al Composite Obtained From Packaging Waste in Basic Conditions
Authors: Souilhi Aymen , Abidi Rym
Published: December 2020

The recycling of Risidu Pet-Al (a laminated foil made from polyethylene and aluminum foil in food brike packaging) continues to be a challenge. Despite the fact that previous studies proposed green solutions for the recycling of the Pet-Al composite, the handicaps linked to the increase of the cost of the reagents involved in the recycling mechanism, the complexity of the steps, resulting in products with a critical aspect, really reflect a problem. The growing concern about environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions from inceneration treatment is distinctly clear to the scientific community. This article involves chemical treatment by adding a strong base NaOH or KOH as the dissolving reagent, Followed by the addition of the strong acid HCl . The birth of a neutral environment promotes the recovery of aluminum salts as well as sodium (or potassium). The released H2, polyethylene and cardboard are also products regenerated by this recycling.The study contributes to the optimal conditions of time concentration temperature as well as the mode of separation. The recovered salts are identified, however their purity remains an important factor of quality before adapting their use.
Comprehensive Assessment of Changes in Left Ventricular Volume and Myocardial Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Elderly: The Role of Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography and Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging
Authors: Deng Yujiao , Huang Xin , Liu Lu , Sun Shasha , Luo Jiakun , Tian Fan , Ma Yufei , Guan Bo , Yu Yan , Cao Jian , Luo Yukun
Published: December 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
3-Dimensional Ventricular Electrical Activation Pattern Assessed From A Novel High-Frequency Electrocardiographic Imaging Technique: Principles and Clinical Importance
Authors: Jurak Pavel , Bear Laura , Nguyên Uyên , Viscor Ivo , Andrla Petr , Plesinger Filip , Halamek Josef , Vondra Vlastimil , Abell Emma , Cluitmans Matthijs , Dubois Rémi , Curila Karol , Leinveber Pavel , Prinzen Frits
Published: December 2020

The study introduces and validates a novel high-frequency (100-400 Hz) electrocardiographic imaging (HFECGI) technique that measures intramural ventricular electrical activation. Ex-vivo experiments and clinical measurements were employed. Ex-vivo, two pig hearts were suspended in a human-torso shaped tank using surface tank electrodes, epicardial electrode sock, and plunge electrodes. We compared conventional epicardial electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) with intramural activation by HFECGI and verified with sock and plunge electrodes. Clinical importance of HFECGI measurements was performed on 14 patients with variable conduction abnormalities. From 2 kHz ECG records (3x4 needle and 108 sock electrodes, 256 torso or 184 body surface electrodes), transmural activation times, sock epicardial activation times, ECGI-derived activation times, and high-frequency activation times were computed. The ex-vivo transmural measurements showed that HFECGI measures intramural electrical activation, and ECGI-HFECGI activation times differences indicate endo-to-epi or epi-to-endo conduction direction. HFECGI-derived volumetric dyssynchrony was significantly lower than epicardial ECGI dyssynchrony. HFECGI dyssynchrony was able to distinguish between intraventricular conduction disturbance and bundle branch block patients.