ENDOMETRIOSIS AS A GLOBAL MULTI-LEVEL PROBLEM: RETROSPECTIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF PATIENTS.
Authors: Orlova Yu.A. , Martynenko V.B. 
Published: July 2020

The article outlines the issue of endometrioid disease, known as a complex gynecological polyetiological pathology. The total coverage of this pathology among women is 10%, with its spread up to 70% among women of reproductive age. The diversity and severity of clinical symptoms worsen not only the physical condition of the woman, but emotional status as well. To date, complicacy in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease gives raise a number of challenges requiring solution. Thus, endometriosis is still remaining a promising area of study, The aim of this study was to characterize the features of the anamnesis and symptoms of women with endometriosis, to determine the diagnostic value of the examination methods, to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment tactics of women with this pathology. We carried out a retrospective analysis of case histories of 61 women with endometriosis. The diagnosis was 100% histologically confirmed. The average age of the women studied was 30,44 ± 5,6 years. Body mass index was 23,04 ±3,87 kg / m2. 16 women (26.22%) were diagnosed as overweight; 1st degree obesity was found in 2 women (3,27%). The onset of menstruation averaged 13,04 ± 1.07 years. Late onset of menarche was found out in 2 women (3,21%). The duration of menstruation ranged from 4,67 ±1.44 to 5,37 ±1,29 days with 1 reported case of menstrual bleeding for more than 8 days. 55,7% of women reported excessive menstrual blood loss. The interval of the menstrual cycle ranged from 21 to 32 days, was regular and amounted to 27,6±2.31 days. 47,54% of women experienced pain during menstruation. The increasing intensity of the pain syndrome from the moment of diagnosis was noted by 14 women, that made up to 48,27% of cases among 29 women with endometriosis and painful menstruation. There were 22 cases of pregnancy; miscarriages were recorded in 2 women (9,09%). 20 women (32,7%) had infertility, and in all the cases infertility was primary. When assessing the position of the uterus in the pelvis, it was revealed that 7 women (11,47%) had a retrograde uterine location, namely in the retroflexio position. When assessing the somatic history of the women studied, we noted that insult of various organs and systems was revealed in 53 women (86,88%). Top list is occupied by the gastrointestinal diseases, 64,1% of 53 studied cases. In addition to the underlying disease, 24 women (39,34%) had a history of gynaecological pathology. Carbohydrate antigen 125 was determined in 73,77% of cases, but only in 25 of these women this level was higher than 35.0 U / ml. Its value was established only in 55,5% of women. The detection of human epididymal protein 4 was carried out in 17 women (27,86%). Among these women, only in 1 case the level of human epididymal protein 4 exceeded the age normal values and was at the level of 69,59 pmol / L. By ultrasound diagnostic method, endometriosis was established only in 58,3% of cases. One woman was diagnosis to have endometriosis during magnetic resonance imaging. Therapy of endometriosis is divided into conservative and surgical. Before surgical treatment, 31 women (50,81%) were chosen for conservative management tactics, resulted in no effect. During surgical treatment with laparoscopic access, visible endometrioid heterotopies were observed in 50 women (81,96%), and in 18,04% endometriosis was not endoscopically diagnosed, while histologically was confirmed in 100% of cases. It is noteworthy that 46 women (75,4%) had adhesions of the pelvic organs, but only 22 women (47,82%) had had any surgical abdominal interventions before. Thus, endometriosis is a disease, which can not be described from a single unified point of view regarding its etiological factors. Severe clinical symptoms, the inability to use only non-invasive diagnostic methods for diagnosis, and the lack of comprehensive treatment that would provide the absence of relapse after the course of treatment, persistently force researchers and clinicians to deepen their knowledge and continue searching for methods to solve the problems of early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease.