bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ways to improve external structures for osteosynthesis of distal humerus fractures (early results)
Authors: Bodnya A. , Dubovik S.
Published: May 2022

The results of the first clinical application of the developed external device for osteosynthesis of distal humerus fractures are presented. Purpose: to improve the extrafocal method of reposition and fixation of humerus shaft fractures at the level of the lower third, taking into account the anatomical and physiological features of the area damaged. Material and methods: Functional, basic fixing and repositioning capabilities of the previously used external device, its advantages and disadvantages are considered.  A minimally invasive guided technique for external rod fixation in the treatment of low third humerus’ fractures is described. An improved version of the apparatus layout and transosseous osteosynthesis technology was used in 10 patients. The design of the device allows to eliminate the displacement of the humerus fragments, ensures the stability of their fixation, while maintaining the function of the elbow joint. The indications for the use of external fixation were extra-articular fractures of the humerus in the distal third - type 12A (n = 6), 12B (n =3) and 12C (n =1) according to the AO / ASIF classification. Results: The analysis of treatment outcomes showed that the technology of minimally invasive osteosynthesis allows to achieve positive results in most patients with a minimum of complications - 90.5 ± 3.3 points according to MEPS’s clinic method of assessing the function of the elbow joint. Conclusions: The developed device for transosseous osteosynthesis of distal humerus fractures, is the method of choice and can be widely used in traumatology and orthopedics.
Introduction to Urban Anthropology and Sociology
Authors: Kubicki Paweł
Published: May 2022

The article sheds light on the key concepts of urban anthropology and sociology. The author analyses various schools and theories of urban anthropology and sociology, starting with the Chicago School/Ecological School and ending with contemporary concepts of creative and global cities. The article addresses issues such as: semiotic aspects of a city, memory and heritage of a city, as well as the concept of the mental map. The author analyses also the problem of urban crisis and its consequences such as: suburbanization and shrinking cities, segregation, inequality, and gentrification. The article also discusses the idea of the right to the city and urban social movements as well as the process of urban renewal.
Lieux de Mémoire and Post-communist Nostalgia in the Central European Symbolic Landscape of Urban Spaces
Authors: Pożarlik Grzegorz
Published: May 2022

The aim of this chapter is to shed some light on the explanatory power of lieux de mémoire in investigating post-communist nostalgia in the symbolic landscape of urban spaces in Central Europe. In doing so, the mutually constituting nature of remembering and forgetting as social constructs will be outlined. More specifically, drawing on Pierre Nora’s concept of lieux de mémoire, I examine the explanatory value of the social construction of the meaning of the past as an analytical perspective applied to the study of nostalgia in the contemporary symbolic landscape of Central European urban spaces.
Apresentação
Authors: Dutra Vania L. R. , Cezario Maria Maura
Published: May 2022

Apresentação
Rare health conditions 58: amniotic band syndrome, Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, Hashimoto's syndrome and pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this series is to highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more and usually fewer than one person in every 2000 and many HCAs and nurses will encounter some of these conditions given the high number of them. This 58th article will briefly explore five of these conditions: amniotic band syndrome; Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome; adult neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; Hashimoto's syndrome; and pseudomyxoma peritonei.
Practitioners' understanding
Authors: Penfold Sophie
Published: May 2022

The following article discusses practitioners current understanding of the term emotional literacy and how they support the development of this in the early years. It further discusses whether practice has changed as a result of COVID-19 and whether there is a need for there to be more of a focus on it in our settings.
How confident are parents in managing screen time?
Authors: Harding Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

One of the most challenging questions that parents ask themselves is: Am I doing a good job as a parent? And, when the whole issue of screen time is thrown into the mix, the anxieties seem to rise even higher. Dr Jacqueline Harding shares her research with us.
Falling through the gaps
Authors: Baker Charlotte
Published: May 2022

Charlotte Baker reflects on school and setting closures during the pandemic, considering how this has impacted children. Are the discussions in this article something that you can relate to? Or do you have different experiences? Please do share your views and experiences after reading.
A drive for professional development
Authors: Celinska Angelica
Published: May 2022

Chloe Webster, childminder at Pebbles Childcare, shares her journey with us, from working in a private nursery to transitioning into home-based childcare. Chloe discusses what this has enabled her to do and how she has continued to progress in her professional development.
Talking to young children about war
Authors: Forster Martin
Published: May 2022

While media coverage has slowed since Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the indirect impact of this war will have far reaching consequences. The shocking scenes painted across news outlets and social media of human atrocities, hostages and burning buildings is enough to cause anxiety in a mature adult, let alone a child in their early years.
Evolving regulations could be exactly what early years needs
Authors: Wigdortz Brett
Published: May 2022

We have seen new proposals and focuses from the Government and Ofsted recently, once again putting the sector into more uncertainty and change to deal with. Brett Wigdortz suggests that a shake-up of regulations might be exactly what the early years sector needs right now.
Play – a problematic word
Authors: Bryce-Clegg Alistair
Published: May 2022

Play can be a problematic word as there are different understandings of what it means. Play isn't always just joy and fun, play can be a serious thing. Many adults are challenged by this as they may view play as something that children do because they are immature, and will grow out of it.
Student spotlight
Authors: Horn Abigail
Published: May 2022

Debra Laxton an EYITT coordinator introduces one of her Early Years Teacher Status students Abi Horn, who reflects on her experiences focusing on self-regulation in her role as an atelierista (teaching artist) in a setting.
Screen-time and under fives
Authors: Lloyd Trefor
Published: May 2022

Over the last 18 months where would we have been without screens? Here are some things for parents to look-out for and what they could consider when allowing their children screen-time.
Reaching underserved people during the pandemic
Authors: Taylor Jennifer , Behrens Sandra , Donahue Ronald
Published: May 2022

Background:

As the COVID-19 crisis evolved, many emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and community paramedics (CPs) were already positioned to engage with both the community and the health system.

Aim:

This project, based in Indiana, USA, aimed to provide resources for EMTs and CPs to build knowledge and skills necessary to use promising practices related to COVID-19 and provide culturally competent care using telehealth to improve access to care for underserved populations during the pandemic.

Methods:

Between May 2020 and April 2021, EMT and CP participants completed a retrospective pre-test and post-test assessing self-efficacy around best practices related to COVID-19 and culturally competent care using telehealth.

Findings:

Forty-nine EMTs and CPs completed the project and results demonstrate a significant (P<0.05) improvement in self-reported level of preparedness to demonstrate best practices related to COVID-19 culturally competent care using telehealth.

Conclusion:

The project identified a potentially effective strategy for increasing practitioner self-efficacy, resulting in a more effective system for caring for vulnerable individuals during a pandemic.
The efficacy of the HEART score in prehospital settings
Authors: Jones Charles , Lightowler Bryan
Published: May 2022

Background:

HEART scores are a well-validated tool used to risk stratify patients with chest pain in the emergency department. Currently, no triage or risk stratification tool is available in the UK prehospital arena.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was carried out to determine the effectiveness of HEART score use by paramedics in the prehospital environment.

Findings:

Prehospital HEART scores completed by paramedics appear to have a high sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting major adverse cardiac events. The use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays or a prehospital modified HEART Pathway may allow patients to be triaged based on a single point-of-care (POC) cardiac troponin test. As POC devices improve, this is likely to increase the accuracy of paramedic HEART scores. Additionally, there are some differences between HEART scores calculated by doctors and paramedics.

Conclusion:

The use of HEART scores prehospitally has the potential to improve patient outcomes. However, issues remain over the accuracy of POC devices and with paramedic interpretation of electrocardiograms and cardiac history-taking. Furthermore, the lack of POC testing in current UK paramedic scopes of practice raises questions over the practicality of introducing HEART scores, which would rely on POC testing.
Das ruas às mídias sociais: a rede liberal-conservadora do Movimento Brasil Livre (MBL)
Authors: Kraus Lalita
Published: May 2022

O artigo investiga a fonte ideológica e discursiva dos movimentos sociais de direita que protagonizaram as manifestações de 2015 em muitas cidades do Brasil. O ponto de partida é o reconhecimento da ação social e do uso das mídias sociais como espaço de significação da vida política e social. O objetivo é identificar os atores que se articulam e se mobilizam em torno de um discurso comum, buscando revelar suas principais fontes discursivas abrangendo um período entre 2015 e 2018. Do ponto de vista metodológico, a análise de redes sociais no Facebook permite identificar a rede de atores que apresentam uma afinidade ideológica e discursiva, destacando os mais populares e influentes. A pesquisa revela que os movimentos da direita brasileira, ligados sobretudo ao Movimento Brasil Livre, atuam como produtores simbólicos de redes liberais e conservadoras internacionais.
Cambios urbanos en el territorio fortificado del Caribe, Agustín Crame 1777-1779: Georreferenciación de mapas. Exposición virtual
Authors: Arcos Martínez Nelly
Published: May 2022

Se presenta de forma virtual, la exposición de planos georreferenciados basados en los mapas que realizó el ingeniero militar Agustín Crame en su encargo como Visitador de las Fortificaciones de América en el siglo XVIII. La idea es mostrar una pequeña síntesis de los cambios urbanos más visibles, que se observan en algunos territorios del Caribe a partir de la georreferenciación de los mapas.

Una parte fundamental de esta investigación, ha sido la combinación de técnicas de investigación tradicionales de archivo y los recursos de internet que han sido fundamentales para determinar las transformaciones urbanas y sobre todo han sido claves para abarcar un área geográfica tan extensa como lo es la franja costera del Caribe.
Contra o Urbanismo Inóspito. Desconstruindo o Porto Maravilha
Authors: Limonad Ester
Published: May 2022

Interessa-nos aqui definir o caráter do urbanismo inóspito, que surgiu em vários lugares nos tempos contemporâneos como resultado do aprofundamento da produção neoliberal do espaço. Apontar possibilidades e formas de resistência para neutralizá-lo e desconstruí-lo através de ações e atividades planejadas ou não capazes de contribuir para o resgate da urbanidade, da sociabilidade e do direito à cidade. Destarte, primeiro são abordadas suas características, seus instrumentos e suas mediações. Em seguida, o projeto de reabilitação urbana Porto Maravilha do Rio de Janeiro é abordado e tomado como referência para apontar as características e implicações socioespaciais deste urbanismo inóspito e o papel da neoliberalização na desumanização do espaço social. Após desenhar uma imagem distópica do espaço abstrato da capital, é apresentado um conjunto de ações transformadoras alternativas, em particular aquelas com potencial para combater a desumanização do espaço social, como práticas de urbanismo tático e de guerrilha, que englobam um amplo conjunto de ações em várias cidades do mundo.
Beyond witches, mothers or wives
Authors: Abulí Federico Ivettte
Published: May 2022

This paper examines how Manga can be used to counter mainstream historical narratives, taking Fumiyo Kōno’s In This Corner of the World as an example. The first half of the article addresses the connection between feminist historiography and power in a poststructuralist framework. Then, the focus turns towards the Manga to highlight some parallelisms between Kōno’s narrative and feminist history writing. Two main questions are examined: how she depicts womanhood, as well as the political connotations of setting the plot in Hiroshima during World War II.

Keywords: feminism, historiography, Manga, womanhood, memory.
polyphonie chez Igiaba Scego et Léonora Miano
Authors: Eberle Anna
Published: May 2022

Cet article vise à comparer le travail de deux écrivaines qui appartiennent toutes deux à la « littérature postcoloniale » et sont de la même génération : l’autrice italo-somalienne Igiaba Scego (née en 1974) et l’autrice franco-camerounaise LéonoraMiano (née en 1973). Le poids de la domination coloniale est une thématique omniprésente dans les deux textes que nous avons choisi d’analyser : Crépuscule du tourment de Miano et Oltre Babilonia de Scego. Notre article a pour but d’explorer la capacité de ces textes, leur pouvoir à se constituer comme des « contre-narrations » grâce au mécanismede la polyphonie, indissociable d’une écriture de l’intime.Mots clés : littérature postcoloniale, polyphonie, « Écriture de l’intime », contre-narrations.
eterno trabajo del mite
Authors: Bendito Haro María
Published: May 2022

El artículo presenta el mito de Babel como activador de nuevos modelos de vida comunitaria en contextos de pérdida identitaria causados por los efectos del poder. Siguiendo esta acepción, se eligen tres manifestaciones de Babel que encarnan: su origen como modelo social alternativo en la obra de Pieter Bruegel, una reaparición contextual en el siglo XX en las tesis de Guy Debord y el intento final de materialización en la New Babylon de Constant Nieuwenhuys. La triangulación se construye según el modelo teórico del mito operado desde la filosofía que se basa en Hans Blumenberg y el actual Mythosforschung.Palabras clave: mito, Babel, Bruegel, Debord, Constant.
Numerical analysis of a grating embedded bidirectional integrated optical coupler pressure sensor
Authors: Raghuwanshi Sanjeev Kumar , Singh Yadvendra , Srinivas T.
Published: May 2022

A numerical analysis of a grating embedded bidirectional optical coupled waveguide structure is presented for the first time, to our knowledge. A finite difference method (FDM) based scheme is devised to extract the allowed eigen TE and TM modes of the structure. Sensing characteristics of the grating employed between two high refractive index couplers are then explored. The influence of strain on the composite structure is numerically analyzed for better understanding of guiding phenomena. A numerical method based on a three-point central finite difference scheme with proper boundary conditions at the point of discontinuity is developed. For an accurate sensitivity analysis, a large number of mesh points (

N
=
1000

) are used in the FDM algorithm, while the whole analysis is done on MATLAB software. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, Bragg grating sensitivities of individual TE and TM modes have been estimated for the first time. It is found that higher order TE and TM modes show improved sensitivity performance. The physics behind the improved sensitivity of the proposed structure is correlated with existing cases. The proposed technique is based on effective refractive index theory, and hence it is easy to implement. This work can be easily extended to obtain temperature, humidity, and vibration sensitivities of other novel structures.
Implementation of empirical modified generalized Harvey–Shack scatter model on smooth surface
Authors: Ma Zhanpeng , Wang Hu , Chen Qinfang , Xue Yaoke , Pan Yue , Shen Yang , Yan Haoyu
Published: May 2022

We propose a modified generalized Harvey–Shack model by adding the empirical correction factor related to the scattering angle on the basis of the original theory. The result shows that the modified model reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) from less than 2% to less than 1%, and the relative peak error from less than 50% to less than 20%, which significantly improves the accuracy of scattering prediction. The prediction of the Rayleigh–Rice model is not as good as the Harvey–Shack model. The RMSE of the Rayleigh–Rice model is within 2.5%, and the relative peak error is within 60%.
Transformation of coherence-dependent bokeh for incoherent digital holography
Authors: Nobukawa Teruyoshi , Maezawa Momoko , Katano Yutaro , Goto Msahide , Muroi Tetsuhiko , Hagiwara Kei , Ishii Norihiko
Published: May 2022

Incoherent digital holography (IDH) enables the recording of holograms with incoherent light. However, there is unnatural bokeh with ringing on reconstructed 2D images, owing to the diffraction calculation based on the coherent nature of the light. Thus, we propose a transformation method that converts it into incoherent bokeh. This proposed method can generate 2D images without ringing from recorded holograms through a virtual incoherent imaging system, while focusing on the non-linearity problem of reconstruction distances in IDH. Flexible depth-of-field control is also made possible by the judicious selection of parameters in this method. A proof-of-principle demonstration verifies its feasibility.
Crude metabolites from endophytic fungi inhabiting Cameroonian Annona muricata inhibit the causative agents of urinary tract infections
Authors: Yimgang Lorette Victorine , Kouipou Toghueo Rufin Marie , Mbekou Ines Michele Kanko , Dize Darline , Boyom Fabrice Fekam
Published: May 2022

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections. The global emergence of multidrug-resistant uropathogens in the last decade underlines the need to search for new antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action. In this regard, exploring endophytic fungi inhabiting medicinal plants used locally against urinary tract infections could be a promising strategy for novel drug discovery. This study investigates crude metabolites from endophytic fungi isolated from Annona muricata as potential sources of antibiotic drugs to fight against uropathogens and reduce related oxidative stress. Crude ethyl acetate extracts from 41 different endophytic fungi were screened against three bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method, and fungi producing active crude extracts were identified using ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 nucleotide sequences. The antibacterial modes of action of the five most active extracts were evaluated using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Klebsiella oxytoca strains. The DPPH and FRAP assays were used to investigate their antioxidant activity, and their cytotoxicity against the Vero cell line was evaluated using the MTT assay. Out of the 41 crude extracts tested, 17 were active with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 3.125 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL and were not cytotoxic against Vero cell lines with a cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) >100 μg/mL. The more potent extracts (from Fusarium waltergamsii AMtw3, Aspergillus sp. AMtf15, Penicillium citrinum AMf6, Curvularia sp. AMf4, and Talaromyces annesophieae AMsb23) significantly inhibited bacterial catalase activity, lysed bacterial cells, increased outer membrane permeability, and inhibited biofilm formation, and the time-kill kinetic assay revealed concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. All seventeen extracts showed weak ferric iron-reducing power (1.06 to 12.37 μg equivalent NH2OH/g of extract). In comparison, seven extracts exhibited DPPH free radical scavenging activity, with RSA50 ranging from 146.05 to 799.75 μg/mL. The molecular identification of the seventeen active fungi revealed that they belong to six distinct genera, including Aspergillus, Curvularia, Fusarium, Meyerozyma, Penicillium, and Talaromyces. This investigation demonstrated that fungal endophytes from Cameroonian Annona muricata, a medicinal plant used locally to treat bacterial infections, might contain potent antibacterial metabolites with multiple modes of action. The antibacterial-guided fractionation of these active extracts is currently ongoing to purify and characterise potential antibacterial active ingredients.
Etiology of meningitis among adults in three quaternary hospitals in Mozambique, 2016–2017: The role of HIV
Authors: Nhantumbo Aquino Albino , Comé Charlotte Elizabeth , Maholela Plácida Iliany , Munguambe Alcides Moniz , Costa Paulino da , Mott Mariana , Cunha Gabriella Rosa , Chambal Lúcia , Dias Cícero , Cantarelli Vlademir Vicente , Gudo Eduardo Samo
Published: May 2022

Background

Meningitis remains an important cause of morbi-mortality in adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on the etiological investigation of meningitis in adults in Mozambique is limited and most studies were conducted in southern Mozambique. Identification of the etiology of meningitis in adults are crucial to guide prevention and treatments strategies. In this study, we determine the burden of fungal and bacterial meningitis among adults at the three largest hospitals in Mozambique.

Method

We performed analysis of data from the routine sentinel surveillance system for meningitis in Mozambique from January 2016 to December 2017. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from eligible adults (≥18 years old) who met World Health Organization (WHO) case definition criteria for Meningitis. All samples were tested by cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assay (LFA), culture and triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay and all patients were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using the national algorithm for HIV testing.

Results

Retrospective analysis of 1501 CSF samples from adults clinically suspected of meningitis revealed that 10.5% (158/1501) were positive for bacterial and fungal meningitis. Of these 158 confirmed cases, the proportion of Cryptococcal meningitis and pneumococcal meningitis was38.6% (95% CI: 31.0% to 46.7%) and 36.7% (95% CI: 29.2% to 44.7%), respectively. The other bacterial agents of meningitis identified include Neisseria meningitidis (8.9%; 14/158), Escherichia coli (6.3%; 10/158), Haemophilus influenzae (5.1%; 8/158) and S. aureus (4.4%; 7/158), which represent (24.7%; 39/158) of the total confirmed cases.

Conclusion

Altogether, our findings show a high burden of Cryptococcal meningitis among adults in Mozambique, especially in people living with HIV, followed by pneumococcal meningitis. Our findings suggest that rollout of CrAg Lateral Flow Assay in the health system in Mozambique for early detection of cryptococcus neoformans is necessary to improve overall patient care.
Dynamics of thoracic endometriosis in the pleural cavity
Authors: Ochi Takahiro , Kurihara Masatoshi , Tsuboshima Kenji , Nonaka Yuto , Kumasaka Toshio
Published: May 2022

Background

Thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax is a secondary spontaneous pneumothorax caused by thoracic endometriosis. Diaphragmatic endometriosis is well-studied, but visceral and/or parietal pleural lesions are not. Although surgery is an effective treatment, postoperative recurrence rates are unsatisfactory probably due to inadequate understanding of underlying pathophysiology. We aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features of thoracic endometriosis.

Methods

In total, 160 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery from a single institution with histopathologically proven thoracic endometriosis from January 2015 to December 2019 were included. Clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes were assessed retrospectively.

Results

The cohort median age was 41 (range 22–53) years. Pneumothorax was right-sided in 159 (99.4%) and left-sided in only 1 (0.6%) case. Visceral and parietal pleural lesions were diagnosed in 79 (49.4%) and 71 (44.4%) patients, respectively. In total, 104 visceral pleural lesions and 101 parietal pleural lesions were detected. The S4region and the dorsal 6thintercostal space contained the largest number of visceral pleural (66 lesions) and parietal pleural lesions (25 lesions), respectively. Histopathological evaluation revealed endometriotic tissues, existing in the outer external elastic layer in all lesions, were localized or invaded deeply. The median follow-up period was 370 (range, 6–1824) days. The Kaplan-Meier method revealed that the 1- and 2-year postoperative recurrence rates were 13.8% and 19.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

Visceral pleural endometriotic lesions may be disseminated from the visceral pleural surface and infiltrate into the pleura. Intraoperatively, careful observation of the specific sites, such as the visceral pleura of S4and the parietal pleura of 6thintercostal space, is important to reduce postoperative recurrence.
Civilização em jogo:
Authors: Wasen Fraga Gérson
Published: May 2022

Disputada em solo brasileiro no ano de 1950, a IV Copa do Mundo de Futebol assumiu, aos olhos da imprensa brasileira, um conjunto de significados que iam além de seu aspecto meramente esportivo, sendo apresentada como uma possibilidade ímpar para o Brasil mostrar-se ao mundo como uma nação civilizada, moderna, capaz de grandes conquistas e realizações. Contudo, após a inesperada derrota para o Uruguai na última partida, foram buscadas explicações e culpados para o que havia acontecido dentro das quatro linhas do Maracanã. Este processo acabaria por resgatar antigas perspectivas acerca do brasileiro, autoimagens depreciativas, herdeiras do período colonial mas reforçadas pela intelectualidade de fins do século XIX e começo do século XX, que consideravam o próprio povo brasileiro, devido a fatores como a mestiçagem e o clima, como condenado ao atraso diante de um modelo europeu de civilização. Porém, a metade do século XX também é marcada por uma perspectiva oposta, herdeira do Modernismo, que, na contramão das perspectivas então tradicionais, considerava a mestiçagem um fator positivo, difundindo uma imagem de originalidade para a cultura brasileira e a ideia de um futuro promissor para a nação. Desta forma, a cobertura do evento pela imprensa esportiva assumia um sentido que projetava sobre a seleção brasileira de futebol e seu desempenho em campo a disputa então existente entre estas duas perspectivas, como se o selecionado brasileiro tivesse o poder de encarnar, através de suas atuações em campo, a própria essência da identidade nacional brasileira, mimetizando, conforme os resultados, uma história e um destino condenado aos fracassos ou destinado a conquistas.
Development of a New MEWMA – Wilcoxon Sign Rank Chart for Detection of Change in Mean Parameter
Authors: Petcharat Kanita , Sukparungsee Saowanit
Published: May 2022

A nonparametric chart has been accepted and implemented for real world problems, especially, when the distribution of the population is unknown and the parameter could not be estimated. The nonparametric chart can overcome those limitations and it is user-friendly. Consequently, the objective of this research is to develop a new modified exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) chart based on Sign Rank statistics, namely MEWMA-SR, and to compare the performance of change detection with the EWMA and MEWMA charts and nonparametric EWMA based on the Sign (EWMA-Sign) and the Sign Rank (EWMA-SR), and MEWMA-Sign charts. The efficiency measurement of charts is commonly performed by average run length (ARL) divided into two states; in control ARL (ARL0) and out of control ARL (ARL1). The numerical results were carried out by Monte Carlo simulation with 105 replication and the best performance of the chart is considered by the minimum value of ARL1. The proposed chart outperforms when a subgroup is small and a magnitude of changes is moderate for Laplace, otherwise the EWMA-SR is superior to small changes. When the observations are from lognormal the MEWMA-SR performs better than EMWA-SR and other charts for moderate to large changes for all sizes of subgroups. Furthermore, the proposed chart is applied to real data set as the S&P 500 index and shows the best performance in detecting a change.
Transmettre l’enquête de terrain par l’épreuve
Authors: Davault Corinne , Leblon Anaïs
Published: May 2022

Ce double numéro d’Émulations. Revue de sciences sociales invite à construire nos pratiques pédagogiques de formation à l’enquête de terrain comme objet de recherche. L’originalité des contributions réunies ici est de proposer des récits d’expériences singulières de cet enseignement dans une pluralité de situations : des stages de terrain à partir d’enquêtes collectives, des enseignements en salle de classe dans des cursus de sciences sociales ou bien encore des formations à l’enquête dans des écoles professionnelles. Malgré cette diversité, les douze articles, décrivent tous des pratiques d’enseignement et d’apprentissage collectives et réflexives. Ils reviennent sur la construction d’espaces de prises de paroles étudiantes à partir desquels s’invente un enseignement inductif. Ce numéro interroge aussi les effets des réformes sur les manières d’enseigner l’enquête en sciences sociales que ce soit à travers le prisme d’un changement de maquette dans un cursus académique ou celui de l’universitarisation des formations professionnelles. En prenant parfois le risque de dévoiler les difficultés et limites de leur enseignement, ces contributions affirment l’intérêt pédagogique et heuristique de ce type de formation et participent à réarticuler recherche et enseignement.
De l’apprentissage du terrain au terrain comme apprentissage. L’expérience d’une pédagogie inversée
Authors: Chaudat Philippe , Leservoisier Olivier
Published: May 2022

Partant d’une expérience de plusieurs années d’encadrement de stages de terrain en ethnologie, cet article propose une réflexion sur les enjeux et les modalités de l’apprentissage de l’enquête ethnographique, tant du point de vue des enseignants que de celui des étudiants. Il s’interroge à la fois sur les recompositions que cet apprentissage a pu connaître au fil des ans et sur les transformations que celui-ci engendre dans les pratiques pédagogiques. L’examen des conditions d’enseignement de l’enquête de terrain conduit ainsi à analyser les effets d’une pédagogie inversée, tout en rendant compte de la portée heuristique du dialogue entre des dispositifs pédagogiques (enseignement et stage) complémentaires et essentiels dans la formation à la recherche par la recherche.
La possibilité d’une surprise
Authors: Adell Nicolas , Charlier Zeineddine Laurence , Courduriès Jérôme , Gabail Laurent , Legrain Laurent
Published: May 2022

Depuis 2016, le département d’anthropologie de l’université de Toulouse Jean Jaurès organise un « terrain collectif » à l’intention des étudiant·e·s qui entrent dans leur première année de master. L’article décrit ce dispositif d’enseignement de la méthode ethnographique et interroge la possibilité de transformer ses biais en outils pédagogiques. Il souligne notamment la progressive relégation des questions de posture réflexive et de centration sur soi – première préoccupation des étudiant·e·s – au profit d’une plus grande attention aux énigmes posées par le terrain. Il décrit et analyse les séances quotidiennes de débriefing qui imposent un rythme soutenu d’immersion dans les réalités des interlocuteur·rice·s rencontré·e·s et de détachement par rapport aux données générées. Une tension est produite. Elle est à l’épicentre de la démarche ethnographique. Cette tension se mue parfois en crise, dont nous donnons quelques constituants que nous mettons en perspective pour montrer que les questions posées par ce petit terrain concentré et collectif ne sont pas si éloignées de celles qui structurent le grand terrain.
Enseigner l’enquête en contexte révolutionnaire
Authors: Casciarri Barbara
Published: May 2022

Le Département de Sociologie et d’Anthropologie Sociale de l’Université de Khartoum (Soudan) a une longue tradition d’encadrement à l’enquête de terrain des étudiants en premier cycle. Le premier stage de terrain après la révolution soudanaise de 2018-2019 a été centré sur l’action menée par les « comités de résistance », issus de ce processus de changement, dans divers quartiers du Grand Khartoum. Cet article se base sur mon expérience lorsqu’en février 2020 j’ai accompagné sur une journée le groupe d’enseignants et d’étudiants impliqués dans le stage. Il décrit et analyse les objets, les situations et les biais inédits qui ont émergé dans ce moment didactique. Il ouvre une réflexion sur les enjeux de la formation à l’enquête en contexte révolutionnaire ainsi que sur le rôle de l’engagement, de l’émotion et de l’expérience partagée sur un terrain connu qui vient d’être profondément bouleversé et « libéré ».
Enquêter sur le terrain de la Shoah par balles : un dispositif d’appréhension de la fabrique des savoirs scientifiques
Authors: Courcelle Thibault , Fijalkow Ygal , Victor Sandrine
Published: May 2022

Cet article vise à analyser comment, au sein d’une unité d’enseignement sur l’Europe et la Shoah créée pour des étudiants de troisième année de licence d’histoire, de géographie et de sociologie, ceux-ci s’approprient l’enquête de terrain en Europe de l’Est (Ukraine et Biélorussie) qui occupe une place centrale dans le dispositif pédagogique. Même longuement préparés au cadre théorique et aux méthodes d’enquête en amont, les étudiants sortent difficilement d’une posture attentiste lors des observations de sites et des entretiens menés avec des témoins oculaires des tueries de Juifs et de Tsiganes perpétrées durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Le moment dédié à l’enquête de terrain est plutôt propice à stimuler une réflexion épistémologique interdisciplinaire sur le recueil des données, la production des savoirs, tandis que le moment dédié à la diffusion des résultats auprès du public encourage à l’appropriation effective de la démarche scientifique.
Enseigner l’enquête de terrain à partir d’archives d’enquêtes par entretiens
Authors: Garcia Guillaume , Bendjaballah Selma , Vandenbunder Jérémie
Published: May 2022

Cet article questionne l’usage d’archives d’enquêtes qualitatives au soutien de l’enseignement de l’enquête de terrain en sociologie et science politique, en restituant une expérience accumulée depuis 2013 : la mobilisation de matériaux proposés par la plateforme beQuali (« Banque d’enquêtes qualitatives ») du Centre de données sociopolitiques (CDSP, UMS 828 Sciences Po-CNRS) pour des enseignements de « méthodologie qualitative » (réalisation d’entretiens et d’observations, analyse de transcriptions d’entretiens). BeQuali met à disposition des usagers académiques non seulement des matériaux de recherche (entretiens semi-directifs, non directifs, collectifs, observations, etc.), mais aussi une vaste documentation associée qui permet de resituer les enjeux scientifiques et méthodologiques propres à chaque enquête. Nous proposons un retour sur notre propre expérience en la matière à partir des archives de certaines de ces enquêtes. Nous présentons plusieurs modules pédagogiques que nous avons animés ces dernières années à Sciences Po Paris et à l’université Paris 2, et interrogeons les potentialités et les limites d’une telle démarche. Quatre enjeux majeurs de l’enseignement des méthodes sont développés : préparer au mieux les étudiants à la réalisation d’un terrain ; soutenir l’apprentissage de la réflexivité ; acclimater à la mise à distance de l’engagement émotionnel ; aborder pleinement les enjeux pratiques de l’analyse des matériaux.
Public Employees and official workers in Colombia inequality in access to the administration of justice in labor matters?
Authors: Guachetá Torres Julián David , Rojas Toledo Johana
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es establecer la existencia de desigualdad entre empleados públicos y trabajadores oficiales en Colombia frente a los términos para acceder a la admi-nistración de justicia en materia laboral, puesto que existen tiempos diferenciados para acudir a reclamar derechos laborales ante las autoridades judiciales y administrativas: El método de investigación a partir del cual se desarrolló el trabajo es de carácter cualitati-vo, mediante el uso de técnicas como el análisis documental, de normatividad, jurispru-dencia y doctrina, así como de la técnica de estudio de caso, que permite ejemplificar y visualizar eventos puntuales de desequilibrio en el acceso a la administración de justicia. Entre las conclusiones o hallazgos de la investigación encontramos la existencia de la vulneración del derecho a la igualdad en empleados públicos, trabajadores oficiales y tra-bajadores del régimen ordinario, principalmente debido a que en eventos de reclamación laboral se han establecido términos distintos para acudir y buscar la reparación, lo cual se constituye como un obstáculo para acceder a la garantía del acceso a la administración de justicia en Colombia.
The linked contracts in consumer law. A comparative approach as analytical framework
Authors: Masbernat Patricio , Masbernat Karen
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo trata el fenómeno de interdependencia contractual como contratación masiva, relacionada al derecho del consumo, de los contratos de compraventa y crédito para financiarlos. Dado que no existe regulación en Chile, se le aborda desde el Derecho Comparado. La interdependencia contractual constituye una figura compleja, que engloba variadas hipótesis de conexión o coordinación que justifica una respuesta que se separa de la lógica tradicional del derecho de los contratos por la tradicional insuficiencia de la solución legal ante el incumplimiento del proveedor en la compraventa de bienes o servicios financiados con el crédito otorgado por un tercero. Uno de los problemas de esta clase de contratos radica en la vulnerabilidad del consumidor, puesto que el perjuicio económico recae solo en él, en los casos en que a pesar de no recibir lo comprado o recibirlo con vicios, igual debe pagar el crédito de consumo con intereses que le concedió la entidad crediticia, porque de acuerdo al derecho común se consideran como dos contratos independientes y, ficticiamente, sin vinculación. Una tesis posible de defender es que se trate como un solo contrato a ambos contratos vinculados, se trate jurídicamente como un solo contrato. Por tanto, en caso de frustrarse uno de los contratos el otro se verá afectado
Marco normativo, sistema sanitario estadounidense, y el desplazamiento sanitario internacional
Authors: De la puente Pacheco Mario Alberto , Cifuentes Diana , Rico Fontalvo Heidy , Caraballo Payares Alexander Mauricio
Published: May 2022

This article studies the endogenous and exogenous causes of the high prices of US medical goods and services and their relationship with the international health displacement of their patients through the economic and normative analysis of the legal provisions of national medical care. It was found that the deregulation of health sector agents has caused an increase in direct and indirect costs with very detrimental effects on patients. This article contributes new knowledge since it identifies market concentration and federal deregulation as motivators for the displacement of patients to other destinations for medical purposes.
Trade union immunity for private workers: a restricted guarantee in Colombia
Authors: Ostau De Lafont De León Francisco Rafael , Niño Chavarro Leidy Ángela
Published: May 2022

Este resultado de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el discurso jurisprudencial de las altas Cortes sobre la garantía del ejercicio del derecho de asociación sindical de los trabajadores particulares en Colombia, denominada fuero sindical. A partir de la sociología jurídica se estudian los criterios que se han desarrollado en torno a esta figura para la protección del derecho de asociación sindical. Dentro de los hallazgos obtenidos se encuentra que si bien la Constitución de 1991 y los convenios 87 y 98 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) consagra una protección de este derecho, los operadores judiciales se apartan de su aplicación, ampliando el margen de desprotección y restricción a los trabajadores que ejercen este derecho.
Locura y tributo indígena: un mestizo de Sampués se proclama Rey con el título de Luis I. (un caso de mesianismo en el caribe colonial 1776)
Authors: Daza Villar Vladimir
Published: May 2022

Transcripción de un documento del Año de 1766. Archivo General de la Nación, Sección Colonia, Fondo Milicias y Marina, en el que un mestizo de Sampués se declara rey con el título de Luis I.
El Estado sufre el dolor de su inexactitud estadística. Resumen estadístico del Cantón municipal de Cartagena en 1835
Authors: Monsalvo Mendoza Edwin Andrés
Published: May 2022

Transcripción del documento "El Estado sufre el dolor de su inexactitud estadística" de 1835.
Expression of PD-L1 as Prognostic Sign Factor in Carcinoma Nasopharyngeal Patient
Authors: Habibasari Mila , Kadir Abdul , Djufri Nani Iriani , Miskad Upik A. , Punagi Abdul Qadar
Published: May 2022

It is well known that elevated levels of PD-1/PD-L1 are associated with poor prognosis in several tumor types, such as PD-1 in breast cancer and soft tissue sarcomas, and PD-L1 in melanoma and renal carcinoma. This study aims to measure PD-L1 levels in NPC patients at various stages and determine the prognosis of the disease. The method used was analytic observational research with a cross sectional research design. The total sample was 25 patients with NPC aged >18 years using consecutive sampling technique. Patients who have been diagnosed with NPC are then staged and examined for PD-L1 levels using immunohistochemical examination techniques. Test the analysis using Chi Square. The results showed that based on the comparison of PD-L1 based on cancer stage in NPC patients in this study, there were 42.9% PD-L1 at an early stage with negative values, 57.1% low, and 0% high. As for the advanced stage, there are 0% PD-L1 with negative values, 44.4% low, and 55.6% high, the Kruskall-Wallis test was carried out with p value = 0.002 (p<0.05), this indicates that the difference is significant. PD-L1 has sufficient sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in predicting advanced stage patients in NPC patients, it is useful in the prognosis of NPC. So it can be concluded that PD-L1 levels increase in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma so that it is suspected that there is a relationship with disease prognosis. So, the higher the PD-L1, the worse the prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Achievement of Learning Outcome in Off-Campus Learning Programs for Students of the Health Sciences Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan, Indonesia
Authors: Faridah Virgianti Nur , Aris Arifal , Sholikhah Siti , Nurafifah Dian
Published: May 2022

Independent Campus Policy launched by the Indonesian Minister of Education was a framework to prepare students to become graduates who are tough, and ready to be a leader. Universities with health faculties have implemented independent learning long before this policy was launched, but it is still limited to one activity program, namely internships/work practices. This is a challenge for the health study program to be able to design and implement an innovative off-campus learning process while still paying attention to learning outcomes. This study aims to see the achievement of learning outcomes which include the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains during off-campus learning activities at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan. This study uses a survey method by distributing questionnaires to all Faculty of Health Sciences students as many as 960 students (total sampling) consisting of 683 undergraduate students in Nursing, 95 undergraduate students in Hospital Administration, and 182 undergraduate students in Pharmacy. This survey research uses quantitative data analysis techniques with a descriptive approach. The results obtained are the achievement of the cognitive domain by 96.15%, the affective domain by 96.15%, and the psychomotor domain by 95.83%. Cognitive domains were found to be 50.10% at the C3 level, which can solve problems and exercises. The affective domain is found to be 58.85% at the A3 level, which can appreciate the role of the profession and is motivated to behave according to the role. The psychomotor domain was found to be 32.08% at the P4 level, which is being able to perform a skill/action properly and appropriately. The conclusion of the research is Off-campus learning programs can improve learning outcomes covering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.
Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor using Variable Frequency Derive Control System
Authors: Niazi Muhammad Ahsan , Hayat Qaisar , Khan Basit , Afaq Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Three-phase AC induction motors play a very important role in industry due to its low price and simplicity. The
induction motor is used to convert three-phase AC power into mechanical power. When the load on an induction
motor increases the percentage of slip is increase, which leads to decrease the speed of induction motor while
constant speed in industry is very important. This paper presents a simple converter for driving three-phase Induction
motor from three-phase AC supply by using the variable frequency drive in feedback. So the speed of induction motor
is controlled by variable frequency device automatically through controller. It is simple and efficient method to
control the speed because speed depends upon voltage, pole and frequency. Poles are fix inbuilt in the motor so we
cannot change it and speed control through VFD is simple and energy efficient method. This technique implemented
on hardware. So this technique is robust and simpler to implement.