bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth Pattern, Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics to Determine Harvesting Time of Big White Ginger Rhizome Seeds
Authors: Rusmin Devi , Suhartanto M.R , Ilyas S. , Manohara Dyah , Widajati E.
Published: September 2018

The use of young seed rhizomes became one of the obstacles in large white ginger (JPB) cultivation. Young ginger rhizomes rapidly shrank and decrease their viability. The experiment was aimed to study growth patterns, biochemical changes, and physiology of ginger plants to produce good quality rhizome seeds.  JPB rhizome seeds used were 9 months old, have been stored for 2 weeks after harvest, weighed 30-40 g with 2-3 buds, healthy, and given seed treatment. The rhizomes were planted in growth medium in polybags (60 cm x 60 cm). The study was conducted by direct observation, repeated 4 times, consisting of 50 plants per replication.  Observations were made on the plant growth patterns (plant height, stem length, tillers number, leaves number); rhizome development (fresh weight, branch rhizomes number, moisture content, and dry weight during growth); starch and hormonal content (IAA, gibberellin, ABA and cytokinin) of the rhizomes; and viability of rhizome seeds (growth rate, seed height, and dry weight). The results showed that the rhizomes of the 7-month-old ginger after planting (MAP) has entered the ripening phase, the rhizome morphology was optimal, and the starch content was not different from the rhizome seeds at 8 and 9 MAP. In addition, physiologically, the rhizome's growth potential was maximal (100%), growth rate (4.3% etmal-1), and seed height (33.8 cm) were better than 8 MAP (80%, 2.9% etmal-1, 33.7 cm) and 9 MAP (70%, 2.3% etmal-1, 29.4 cm).  This study indicated that ginger rhizomes harvested from 7 months old plants can be used for seeds.
IMPACT OF TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, VEGF AND PROTEASES ON KIDNEY CANCER PROGRESSION
Authors: Spirina L. V. , Kondakova I. V. , Usynin E. A. , Slonimskaya E. M. , Yurmazov Z. A.
Published: September 2018

Introduction.The efficacy of anticancer treatment depends on biological factors of tumor.

The aimof the study was to determine the activity of proteasomes and calpains and to  reveal their association with VEGF, HIF-1α and NF-κΒ expressions in normal, primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues.

Methods.Ninety-three patients with renal cell carcinoma were included into the study. The expression levels of transcription factor and VEGF were measured using ELISA kits. The  levels of proteasome subunits were measured by Western Blotting. Proteasome and calpain  activities were determined using specific fluorogenic  substrates.

Results.We revealed inactivation of proteolysis in patients with kidney cancer. Disease advance was associated with a significant depression of cellular proteolysis and increase in  transcription and growth factor levels in primary kidney cancer tissues. The proteolysis  activation was found in metastatic tissues.

Conclusions.Our results suggest that NF-κΒ, HIF-1α and VEGF transcription factors and intracellular proteolytic systems are involved in kidney cancer progression.
CXCR4 EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT SUBSETS OF CTCs AND SINGLE (DETACHED) BREAST CANCER CELLS
Authors: Savelieva O. E. , Tashireva L. A. , Buldakov M. A. , Mukhamedzhanov R. H. , Kaigorodova E. V. , Denisov E. V. , Zavyalova M. V. , Perelmuter V. M.
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to assess CXCR4 expression in different subsets of CTCs and single (detached) breast cancer cells.

Materials and methods. Thirty five patients with invasive breast carcinoma of no specialtype (IC NST) (T1-4N0-2M0), between 29 and 69 years of age were included in this study. Different subsets of CTCs with CXCR4 expression were evaluated by flow cytometry. A  confocal microscopy was used to assess CXCR4 expression in different subsets of single (detached) cancer cells in breast tissue.

Results. The CXCR4 was expressed in CTCs without stem-like and EMT phenotype, in CTCs  with EMT but not stem markers and in stem-like CTCs without EMT features. In all blood  samples, the CXCR4 expression in CTCs with stem-like and EMT phenotype was absent. In  breast tumor the CXCR4 was expressed in the non stemlike single (detached) breast cancer  cells with EMT features, in the single (detached) breast cancer cells with stem and EMT  features. In all tumor samples the stem-like or non stem-like single (detached) breast  cancer cells without EMT features were absent.

Conclusions. Different subsets of the CTCs exhibited CXCR4. The CXCR4 expression did not  depend on the presence or absence of stem or/and EMT features in tumor cells. We showed that some subsets of single (detached) breast cancer cells in the primary tumor  were characterized by the ability to express CXCR4 and may be a source of the respective CTC subsets.
CHITINASE-LIKE PROTEINS AS PROMISING MARKERS IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Larionova I. V. , Sevastyanova T. N. , Rakina A. A. , Cherdyntseva N. V. , Kzhyshkowska Ju. G.
Published: September 2018

In the present review we collected the main studies regarding the role of chitinase-like proteins (CLPs), belonging to the family of Glyco_18 domain-containing proteins, in different cancers. In  humans, 3 chitinaselike proteins have been identified: YKL-40 (CHI3L1), YKL-39 (CHI3L2) and  stabilin-1-interacting chitinase-like protein (SI-CLP). CLPs are produced by several types of cells  and combine the properties of cytokines and growth factors. The high levels of CLPs were  identified in the circulation of the patients with inflammatory diseases and various types of  tumors. We highlighted the main known functions of CLPs in normal and pathological conditions, their contribution to metastasis development, angiogenesis, invasion and other processes in  cancer, the correlation of the levels of CLPs with tumour progression. Our data also contribute to the understanding of question how CLP could be useful for cancer patient benefit.
Risk Assesment of Water Vapor Condensation In Wall Made of Hemp-Lime Composite
Authors: BRZYSKI Przemysław
Published: September 2018

The paper presents issues associated with moisture presence in the wall partitions. As the wall material a lime-hemp composite was selected. Materials containing organic components are sensitive to excessive amount of moisture. One of the most important sources of moisture in the walls is diffusive water vapor, which may condense inside the partition. An important parameter of wall material is water vapor permeability. Inappropriate indor air relative humidity and the temperature of the wall surface can contribute to the growth of mold. In turn, the accumulated condensate inside the barrier, may worsen the thermal insulation parameters and reduce the durability of the material. For the analysis there were selected two external wall constructions manufactured of the hemp-lime composite in two versions, one insulated from the inside and the second one from the outside with wool hemp. Both variants are finished with plaster or wood cladding. To avoid critical surface humidity, internal surface temperature was calculated and the possibility of interstitial condensation in the analyzed walls was determined. Calculations were made assuming the specified conditions in a monthly cycle for Lublin (Poland) location according to PN-EN 13788 standard.
Laboratory Tests of Old Reinforced Concrete Precast Bridge Beams
Authors: DAWCZYŃSKI Szymon , BROL Janusz
Published: September 2018

Every year all over the world many concrete structures are being disassembled for various reasons. The idea of reuse of whole structural members from disassembled or renovated structures is not a new problem but still it is not well recognized. In Department of Structural Engineering of Silesian University of Technology a wide research program was undertaken concerning acquisition and reuse of steel members [1], RC and PC members [2], [3], [4] and timber ones [5], [6]. Especially reinforced concrete precast members seems to be appropriate to be subjected the procedure of reuse [7]. The paper presents the tests and investigations focused on precast elements typical for bridge structures. These are reinforced concrete I-shaped beams, obtained from the demolition of road viaduct on the route from Gliwice to Mikołów. The elements have been in service for more than 40 years. The laboratory tests consisted of the mechanical part and chemical part. The overarching goal of conducted analyses is to work out the method of usefulness evaluation of structural elements and to provide the guidelines for required tests preceding their reuse.
The Use of Chitosan For Removing Selected Pollutants From Water And Wastewater – Short Review
Authors: BARBUSIŃSKI Krzysztof , SALWICZEK Szymon , PASZEWSKA Agnieszka
Published: September 2018

Chitosan is a natural product derived from chitin, which is mostly found in exo-skeletons of shrimp, crab and lobster shells. This paper presents a short review of the literature regarding the use of chitosan and its modifications for removing selected pollutants from water and wastewater. In particular, the examples of removal of metal ions, dyes, anions and phenols were described. Furthermore, the possibility of the use of chitosan as a coagulant and flocculant in water and wastewater technologies are also shown. Based on the literature review described in this article it can be concluded that chitosan and especially its modifications is a very promising sorbent for removing a broad spectrum of pollutants from aqueous solutions. It also presents directions for further research in order to obtain a better knowledge of the practical applications of chitosan.
Cooling Demand In Museum Premises – Numerical Prediction And Measurement Validation
Authors: FERDYN-GRYGIEREK Joanna , BARANOWSKI Andrzej
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the results of identification and assessment of the energy demand for cooling purposes in the museum building. The analysis of cooling demand and assessment of indoor air quality were performed by the simulation analysis and validated by the measurement campaign of the indoor air quality in the building under consideration. For the purpose of thermal analysis the IDA ICE software was used. All simulations were carried out using meteorological data recorded by the local weather station. The results of the study indicate the necessity to use cooling in the museum premises. Presented analysis of the heat loads, which can occur in the exhibition rooms, can be helpful in making the decision about the installation of air conditioning systems in the museum, especially when thermal renovation of the building is planned. Such system can guarantee proper protection of the exhibits as well as thermal comfort for visitors.
Qualitative Research For Children’s Swimming Pool Areas In Waterparks Based On Selected Polish Examples
Authors: KIELAR Katarzyna
Published: September 2018

The aim of this article is to show different types of design solutions for children swimming pool areas. The research material was developed based on the literature studies and quality research of existing water parks located in Poland. For the purposes of the article a preliminary studies of 31 major facilities were made. Second, three representative examples to study in detail were selected. Next observational studies of user behavior and usage were conducted. At the end the specified methods of evaluation were described and results of research were presented.

Acquired knowledge and experience indicate the possibility of efficient use of qualitative research in design practice during programming and design of water recreation facilities. In particular the use of the correct diagnosis of the needs of future users, for example: children, families with children, seniors etc.
Space Management At The Local Level In View of The Conditions And Planning Theory On The Example of Medium-Sized Cities In The ŁÓDŹ Region
Authors: KRZYSZTOFIK Sylwia
Published: September 2018

The planned directions for development in space management within the commune are indicated by, among others, a study and a document drawn up mandatorily for the entire municipal area. The analysis of the study record for the Kutno and Opoczno show that municipalities determine areas for newly urbanized housing sites. The use of new buildings would involve a dramatic increase in local community. The number of the inhabitants is decreasing and these trends are likely to remain. The results of the calculations show that the study records, which should describe the conditions of its development are constructed without taking into account a constant reduction of the number of residents. A study of conditions and directions of spatial planning for Kutno and Opoczno were compared with the assumptions of the theory with the theory of crossing the barrier of urban development by Bolesław Malisz and creative vision of the city described by Charles Landry.
Evaluating Status of Global Indices of Age-Friendly City In Tehran Metropolis (AFC)
Authors: SHARQI Ali , ZARGHAMI Esmaeil , OLFAT Milad , KOUSALARI Farzaneh SALEHI
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES:

This study aims to assess the global indices of age-friendly city in Tehran, which have been developed by World Health Organization. Finally, the design solutions carried out based on the successful works in other countries will be presented for city of Tehran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

In the present study, World Health Organization’s standard questionnaire was duplicated in 110 copies and given to urban designers and planners, rehabilitation specialists, doctors, nurses, and other aging-related professionals and experts. Then, the resulting data were imported into SPSS22 software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

FINDINGS:

The results indicated that, among 8 indices of age-friendly city including open spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and social inclusion of the elderly, citizen participation and employment of the elderly, communication and information facilities, as well as health and local services, transportation factor had a more favorable condition in Tehran for the elderly and citizen participation and employment index was very inappropriate for them.

CONCLUSION:

It can be said that urban designers and researchers should deal with the planning of housing and buildings’ open spaces in a more detailed manner in their future works and pursue more accurate plans and programs in this regard. This study aims to only evaluate the mentioned issue, and special and detailed research is expected to be conducted on these two subjects in the future.
Triaxial Tests On Weak Cohesive Soils – Some Practical Remarks (Part 2)
Authors: JASTRZĘBSKA Małgorzata , KOWALSKA Magdalena
Published: September 2018

This paper is a continuation of the paper “Triaxial tests on weak cohesive soils – some practical remarks (part 1)” and concerns the problems related to the preparation of weak cohesive soils for triaxial testing. This part (2/2) presents detailed description and discussion of the issues related to installation of specimen in the apparatus and assembling various accessories before the main test. It is based on the Authors’ own experience and literature review. Some solutions, which make the work with weak soils easier and, at the same time, increase the reliability of the results, are suggested e.g.: the paraffin method or the use of a special frame enabling repositioning of local microdisplacement sensors during the triaxial test. The issues connected with soil sampling and forming of triaxial specimens have been included in part 1/2 of this article. In the Authors opinion, the text (parts 1 and 2) may constitute an important hint for researchers completing a triaxial testing station intended for testing weak cohesive soils.
Novel Anammox Membrane Electro-Bioreactor
Authors: ELEKTOROWICZ Maria , HOSSEINI Seyedehfatemeh , IBEID Sharif
Published: September 2018

This paper presents an alternative method for nitrogen removal using modified membrane reactor. A novel Anammox submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (Anammox-SMEBR) was developed to enhance nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. At lab scale a comparison between continuous flow MBE and Anammox-SMEBR reactors was conducted. The novel reactor removed nitrate and ammonia by over 95% and 97%, respectively. The removal was due to subsequent application of aerobic and anoxic conditions in the same reactor. On other hand, MBR was able to remove ammonia by 60 to 76%, while nitrates were produced. Simultaneously, COD and phosphorous removals in MBR were also lower than in Anammox-SMEBR.
Modernist Determinants Vs The Shape of Urban Space. The Method of Indicating Factors Which Decide About The City’s Image
Authors: RABIEJ Jan , TOMKIEWICZ Aleksandra
Published: September 2018

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate a scheme of research connected with the shape of an urban space and its determinants. As a basis, elements of a city and their spatial features deciding about the characteristic and individual image of an urban organism were determined. They were defined using the example of the evolution of European cities from ancient times until modernism and the analysis of various methods of characterising the tissue of a city. The reference to modernism is justified by the importance of its strategies for the development of the European urban thought. A modern model of a city, created in the first decades of the twentieth century, was the answer to the rapid industrialisation and urbanisation connected with the industrial revolution of the 19th century. Its implication brought about radical changes of the concept of shaping cities and the creation of new features of the main elements of their spatial structure.
The Newest Church Architecture In Germany. Aesthetic Aspects of Form – Analysis of Selected Examples
Authors: SERAFIN Aleksander
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the analysis of selected Christian sacral buildings realized in Germany since 2000. Because of the wide range of the question, mostly the aesthetical aspects was discussed. However, in particular cases some important symbolical and functional determinants need to be emphasized. Tendencies that are recognizable in contemporary composition of ecclesiastical architecture were also confronted with the traditions, that are characteristic for German modern architecture. This invites to reflect on the issue of cultural continuity, but what is more it allows to outline the image of the newest sacral European architecture.
Chemical Reduction of Nitrates In The Wastewater From 2-EHN Production
Authors: BARBUSIŃSKI Krzysztof , ŻOŁNIERCZYK Maciej
Published: September 2018

The objective of the research was to determine the efficiency of nitrate removal from wastewater from 2-ethylhexyl nitrate production using chemical reduction process. The average concentration of nitrate nitrogen in raw wastewater was about 5.2 g/dm3. The processes of chemical reduction were conducted both in batch and continuous flow reactor under strongly acid conditions using two reducers: steel swarf, as a source of iron, and technical grade urea. In the batch process the maximum degree of nitrate removal equal to 24.4% was obtained in the process modification with pre-digesting of the steel swarf in a concentrated acid. The continuous process was carried out in a single, two- and three-stage system. In order to increase the efficiency of reaction the wastewater was heated to a temperature 70–75°C. The impact of degree of wastewater recirculation, temperature and quantity of steel swarf on the reaction efficiency was evaluated. In optimal conditions (pH<1; temperature in the range of 70–75°C) the maximum degree of nitrate removal equal to 92.2% was obtained in a two-stage system at six times of recirculation of wastewater. However, for economic reasons as the best modification it was a triple-stage system at tenfold recirculation (effectiveness 89.3%), in which the wastewater was heated only to 34°C, i.e. the actual temperature of wastewater from the production of 2-EHN.
Use of The Electrodialysis Process For Fluoride Ion And Salt Removal From Multi-Constituent Aqueous Solutions
Authors: GRZEGORZEK Martyna , MAJEWSKA-NOWAK Katarzyna
Published: September 2018

Fluorine is a common chemical element. According to WHO guidelines, the F- ion content in drinking water cannot be higher than 1.5 mg/dm3. Excess of fluorine leads to many health problems: Alzheimer’s disease, neurological disorders or fluorosis (dental or skeletal). Fluoride can be removed from aqueous solutions by means of various methods (adsorption, precipitation, ion-exchange or membrane techniques). The aim of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of electrodialysis in fluoride removal under the presence of organic substances. During experiments solutions containing fluorides (5, 10, 100 and 200 mg F-/dm3), mineral salt (0.5 g NaCl/dm3) and organic matter (5, 10 and 15 mg/dm3 of humic acids) were used. The research was conducted with the use of the PC Cell BED-1 System. The current density was equal to 1.72 mA/cm2. It has been shown that electrodialysis is an efficient technique of fluoride removal provided that the initial concentration of F- ions is not higher than 10 mg F-/dm3. The impact of organic matter on the process run and efficiency was dependent on the fluoride content in the treated solution.
Performance Assessment of Air Conditioning Installation In Multifunctional Sports Hall Using Cfd Simulations
Authors: KOPER Piotr
Published: September 2018

The purpose of the paper was testing of the air distribution system performance in the multifunctional hall. The numerical simulations of the airflows were made with the Ansys software. Three cases with two working modes of the installation were simulated: a large sport event with audience on the stalls, an exhibition with presentation boxes and an indoor ice rink. Direct results of the simulations and statistical data were analyzed. The results showed that for the ice rink and exhibition the system performance was very good, but during the large sport event with the full audience the air temperature in the occupied zone was much higher than the desired value.
Discoloration of Dye Wastewater By Modified Uv-Fenton Process With Sodium Percarbonate
Authors: PIECZYKOLAN Barbara , PŁONKA Izabela , BARBUSIŃSKI Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

A modified Fenton process using sodium percarbonate (SP), as an alternative source of H2O2, and UV radiation was investigated to discoloration of dye wastewater containing Acid Green 16 (concentration 100 mg/dm3). This acid dye is characterized by the harmful effect on aquatic organisms and it may cause adverse effects in the aquatic environment. The experiments were carried out in two systems, in which two lamps were used as a UV radiation source: low pressure (system I) and medium pressure (system II). The effect of SP dosage (100-400 mg/dm3 – system I; and 100-250 mg/dm3 – system II), Fe2+/SP ratio (from 0.2 to 0.4), reaction pH (3 and 4) and reaction time (from 10 to 30 min) on colour removal efficiency was examined. The modified Fenton process was found to be very efficient for discoloration of simulated wastewater. For a system with a low pressure UV lamp the optimal doses of SP and Fe2+/SP ratio were 400 mg/dm3 and 0.2, respectively at pH 3 and 20 minutes reaction time. For a system with a medium pressure UV lamp the optimal doses of SP and Fe2+/SP ratio were 200 mg/dm3 and 0.33, respectively at pH 3 and 20 minutes reaction time. In both cases, at described conditions total visual discoloration was achieved. Better results of colour removal (concentration of Acid Green 16 was in the range of 0.64-0.96 mg/dm3) were achieved when the initial pH value equalled 3.0 than at initial pH value of 4.0 (concentration of Acid Green 16 was in the range of 0.80-6.87 mg/dm3).
Investigations Into The Resistance of Sin Girders Reinforced With Tensioned Diagonal Braces
Authors: BasiŃski Witold , Kowal Zbigniew
Published: September 2018

The study presents the means of increasing resistance of girders with corrugated web by enhancing their shear resistance due to the application of diagonal braces subjected to advantageous tension. Diagonal braces were used in the near-support zones, which increased the shear resistance of the girder. Then, the web carries a greater shear load associated with bending. Experimental investigations on increased shear resistance of girder webs were performed using girders with webs having a height of 500, 1000 and 1500 mm. The shear force divided into the corrugated web and diagonal braces were estimated. Shear load-displacements paths for a corrugated web and diagonal braces were determined. The results of investigations into the resistance of girders reinforced with tension diagonal braces were compared with those for girders without reinforcement and with computations in accordance with Eurocode 3. The paper is the first part of the study. Conclusions were drawn and dimensioning recommendations (part two of the study) for corrugated web girders reinforced with tension diagonal braces were produced. The next part of the study will show the application of FEM numerical analysis to theoretical estimation of the ultimate and critical shear and flexural resistance of corrugated web girders reinforced with tension diagonal braces.
Vibration Propagation In Subsoil: In-Situ Testing And Numerical Analyses
Authors: Pradelok Stefan , ŁupieŻowiec Marian
Published: September 2018

This paper presents results obtained with the use of accelerometers during in-situ testing and its comparing with results from numerical simulations. Horizontal accelerations of propagating impulses caused by driving the prefabricated piles were recorded. Range of the quakes as well as amplitudes of longitudinal and transverse horizontal accelerations of propagating vibrations on the terrain surface were determined.

The recorded results were used to calibrate the numerical model of the finite element method. The most important factor influencing the propagation of impacts is the phenomenon of damping of the propagating wave in the soil. The mechanism of damping proposed by Rayleigh was used in the analysis, which, when selecting the appropriate parameters of the model, is able to realistically simulate the observed phenomena. The soil, in which the propagation of impulses occurred, was described with the use of linear-elastic model. Modulus of deformation correspond to the values of small deformations, which occur during the wave propagation in the subsoil. The impulse giving vibrations was caused by the falling hammer on the driven pile. The axial symmetry of the border condition was used in the analyses.

The results of numerical simulations were compared with the results of field measurements of accelerations at different distances from the source of vibration. A good consistency of acceleration amplitudes in the direction of vibration propagation was achieved and it depended on the distance from location of the driven pile. The obtained results will be used in the future to assess the extent of the impacts on the environment and values of acceleration on elements located in the vicinity of the structure.
Earth Structures Stability Under Rapid Drawdown Conditions
Authors: ZiĘba Zofia , Molenda Michał , Witek Kinga
Published: September 2018

The paper presents the slope stability analysis of the unmodernised section of the Groszowice separation levee in the condition of water level changes, particularly after rapid drawdown.

Based on soils field and laboratory tests, the stability analysis of the construction was conducted with GEO5 software.

For the upper levee, the utilisation degree of slopes resistance was determined according to the Eurocode 7. Calculations were conducted for normal and high water level, as well as after rapid drawdown. The analysis was carried out with the use of five most commonly applied methods.

The results have shown that at normal and high water level, the structure was stable. However, it does not correspond with its existing damages. The loss of stability was proved only under rapid drawdown conditions.

Additionally, for the central part of the separation levee, the filtration curve position was conducted with the use of the Finite Elements Method (FEM). The water seepage on the slope above normal water level explains the suffosion displacement of soil particles that occurs due to damaged slope sealing and drainage.
Contribution To The Short Measurement Method For Determining The Thermal Characteristics Of Existing Buildings: Total Heat Transmission Coefficient Estimation Based On Double Measurement
Authors: Foit Henryk , ŚWierc Agata , Foit Wojciech
Published: September 2018

This article presents the way to determine the total heat transmission coefficient of a building based on double brief measurement and its practical application. It makes use of short measurement of heat consumption in a building and is based on the energy balance. In the proposed procedure the modified external temperature was used instead of the external air temperature. The modified external temperature takes into account the operation of solar radiation and wind on the building and the effect of resistance and heat capacity of the elements of the building envelope. The obtained results were verified by comparing the average monthly heat demand for heating calculated based on the determined total heat transmission coefficient and measured value. The presented way of total heat transmission coefficient determination in the event of a careful choice of measurement days and the experience of the user in estimating the number of air changes (especially in natural ventilated buildings) can be an independent method for determining HTr
based on short measurements. The procedure shown in this publication is also the element of current development of the method performed by the authors which leads towards a larger number of measurement days.
Advanced Computational Methods In Component-Oriented Modelling Of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Processes
Authors: Gaska Krzysztof , Generowicz Agnieszka
Published: September 2018

Poland was collected 9.6 million tonnes of municipal waste in 2012 (plus update). The primary method of dealing with municipal waste collected was organized depositing them in landfills. Mixed municipal waste accounted for almost 90% of all municipal waste collected (8.6 million tonnes). Poland is one of the lowest in the EU in terms of the use energy from waste.

The analysis of complex real-time physical processes, thermal waste processing and determination of their optimal parameters requires a series of studies and detailed analysis of constituents of elementary processes (degassing, gasification, combustion). The apparent simplicity of process implementation often determines knowledge and practical experience required in their application. The relationships known and used in the design usually concern a homogeneous substance (conventional fuels) and do not correspond to the conditions and needs of processing of complex substances of a different chemical composition and physic-chemical properties. Due to the complexity of the real process, numerical calculations were carried out to simulate the operation of a waste incineration technology. For this purpose a mathematical model was developed as well as its implementation in the programming code of a high-level language. In order to calibrate and validate the model (compliance with the real process) calculations were performed on a specially prepared set of validation data. The authors analysed a group of processes that belong to one technology, looking into connections between degassing, gasification and combustion of carbonized substances in pure oxygen.
The Possibility Of Using Of Hypholoma Fasciculare Mycelium In Decolorization Of Anthraquinone Dye Rbbr
Authors: PrzystaŚ Wioletta , ZabŁOcka-Godlewska Ewa
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of two fungal strains of Hypholoma fasciculare (L1 and L3) for effective decolorization of anthraquinone dye RBBR (remazol Brilliant Blue R). The main part of the work was concentrated on assessment of the influence of immobilization of biomass on the efficiency of RBBR removal. Zoo- and phytotoxicity of after process solutions were evaluated. Differences in the dye removal effectiveness between strains were observed. Decoloration of dye was more efficient in samples with mycelium immobilized on a polypropylene foam, what probably was associated with increased enzyme activity of the strains, as well as enhancement of the contact of the dye with the mycelium. Strain L3 respectively removed 100% (mycelium immobilized) of the dye after 24h and 95.8% (mycelium suspended) of the dye after 96h. For complete removal of the dye the immobilized biomass of strain L3 needs 24 hours of incubation, and L1 48h. Strain L1 completely removed the color after 96 h of the experiment, regardless of whether the biomass has been immobilized or not. RBBR dye was not toxic to Daphnia magna. The zootoxicity test indicated that usage of both strains of Hypholoma fasciculare in the discoloration of the dye RBBR is safe for the environment, since even at the highest concentrations of after processes solutions were not observed immobilization effect of Daphnia magna. In the case of phytotoxicity it has been reduced from class III to I.
Structural Behavior Of Normal And High-Strength Concrete Walls Reinforced With Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars Under Eccentric Load
Authors: Abtan Yaarub Gatia , Hassan Hassan Falah
Published: September 2018

The solution of using glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars, as reinforcement in concrete structures to overcome the problems created by steel corrosion, is now widely accepted because of both its non-corrosive nature and good results shown by large investigation efforts. In this paper twenty tests had been conducted on reinforced concrete wall specimens of (800 mm height x 450 mm width x 50 or 70 mm thickness effective dimensions). Four specimens were reinforced with steel bars to be considered as References, while the others were reinforced with GFRP bars. The specimens were made using normal and high strength concrete. All specimens showed similarity in the structural behavior and load pattern, the results show that Steel reinforced walls have 28% higher ultimate load than corresponding GFRP reinforced walls, also an approximate linear increase in the failure load with increasing in flexural GFRP reinforcement in range from 40.4% to 98.8% for NSC walls and in range of 70% to 115.1% for HSC walls. The ductility of the specimen reinforced with GFRP bars is 46% higher than that of steel reinforced specimens.
Reliability-Based Evaluation Of Loss Due To Distribution Of Nonstructural Components In Height
Authors: Najafi Leila Haj , Tehranizadeh Mohsen
Published: September 2018

Structural and nonstructural components incorporate simultaneously and correspondingly in modern probabilistic performance evaluation to make decision making parameters which is usually economic loss in a predefined level of probability. However, far greater investment, relatively limited seismically design information and dependence of nonstructural components’ normative quantities to some architectural, economic and social features contribute to exceeded loss amounts and uncertainties under nonstructural components in comparison to structural ones. This paper addresses the question of how to distribute nonstructural components in height of a building accounting for more reliable economic loss subjected to seismic excitation through application of fully probabilistic reliability approach. This purpose has been captured through proposing a new modified distribution of building nonstructural components in height for three typical steel moment frames and conducting comparative assessments for two alternative distributions of nonstructural components with office occupancy. Dealing with discussions, it could be concluded that more reliable economic losses could be gained and also reduced by more astutely situating building nonstructural components in height considering type of dominated demands in a specific story without requirement to any alternation in component’s type or quantity.
On-Site Thermal Diagnostics Of Heating And Dhw Installations
Authors: SpecjaŁ Aleksandra , Ciuman Halina
Published: September 2018

The requirements for the inspection of heating systems have been introduced in the Energy Performance Act. Thermal diagnostics of the system is an evaluation of the technical conditions of the heating and hot water installations, due to their energy efficiency and reliability of obtaining the required internal temperature in the building and delivery of the right amount of domestic hot water at the proper temperature. Data obtained from the diagnostics are useful for proper energy-efficient operation of the installation, for determining the energy performance of the building and executing the energy audit of the building for thermomodernization purposes. The paper describes the methodology of comprehensive inspection and diagnostics of heating and DHW systems and outlines the scope of basic activities that should be performed. The practical application of such diagnostics in several buildings is also presented.
THE USEFULNESS OF MENTAL MAPS FOR SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF THE CITY
Authors: NAWROCKI Tomasz
Published: September 2018

The paper attempts to demonstrate the potential applications of mental maps in sociological research of the city. The author presents the method and its modification. Beginning with the classical work by Kevin Lynch, he proceeds to show the elaboration of this method in the research of psychologists, social geographers and urbanists. The subsequent part of the paper discusses the possibilities of applying the method in sociological research of the city. The author demonstrates the wide range of possibilities offered by the use of mental maps. The final chapter includes a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of this method.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF MILITARY ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES IN POZNAŃ
Authors: PIKLIKIEWICZ-KĘSICKA Izabela
Published: September 2018

This paper aims to present architectural and educational features of historic military architectural structures in Poznań. The issues treated herein include the preservation of forts today and the resulting opportunities as well as difficulties in the use thereof for new functions reflecting the contemporary needs of a city. The paper provides three detailed examples of Polish and international military architecture refurbishments. The Graf Kirchbach Fort III in Poznań was chosen for the needs of the paper. The research material was developed on the basis of literature research, fort III survey and information obtained from Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Fortyfikacji [Poznań Friends of Fortifications Association]. The knowledge and research contained herein demonstrate the potential of post-fortification architecture, its cultural value as well as conversion opportunities in accordance with sustainable design objectives.
VALIDATION OF THE FIB 2010 AND RILEM B4 MODELS FOR PREDICTING CREEP IN CONCRETE
Authors: FANOURAKIS George C.
Published: September 2018

Creep strain, a requirement of the concrete design process, is a complex phenomenon that has proven difficult to model. Although laboratory tests may be undertaken to determine the creep, these are generally expensive and not a practical option. Hence, empirical code-type prediction models are used to predict creep strain.

This paper considers the accuracy of both the relatively new international fib Model Code 2010 and RILEM Model B4, when compared with the actual strains measured on a range of concretes under laboratory-controlled conditions. Both models investigated under-estimated the creep strain. In addition, the MC 2010 Model, which yielded an overall coefficient of variation (ωall) of 50.4%, was found to be more accurate than the RILEM B4 Model (with a ωall of 102.3%).
AN INVESTIGATION TO THE COMPARATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF URBAN FACADES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF RESIDENTS IN NEW AND OLD HOUSING AREAS; THE CASE OF JOLFA STREET IN ISFAHAN
Authors: RAZZAGHI-ASL Sina , ARIAEI Afrooz Rahimi , GHAHFAROKHICI Sama Barati
Published: September 2018

Visual pollution in the urban facade is one of the causes of distress and anxiety in today’s cities. The purpose of this research is to achieve disruption and tranquility causing factors in new and old facades in Jolfa district of Isfahan and finally preparing design tips of a safe, relaxing and without visual pollution facade. Therefore, archival and field work documentation has been analyzed and according to the statistical with SPSS 20 software investigated correlation between variables. The results show that almost certainly there is a direct and significant relationship between the urban facade and citizens spirit; Questionnaire results suggest dissatisfaction of citizens and the existence of negative effects such as stress, lack of vitality and sadness toward a part of the contemporary constructions and in front of it the sense of happiness, calmness and liveliness toward the historical body or harmony with it. The physical reasons for dissatisfactions are often lack of coordination between adjacent facades.
INNOVATIVE STEEL FIBERS AND THEIR EFFECT ON FIBER DISTRIBUTION IN BEAMS – EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: HUSS Michael , TUE Nguyen Viet
Published: September 2018

This contribution presents experimental investigations on fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). A new type of straight steel fibers (company Feel Fiber) with a length of 60 mm was used. 12 beams with a length of 6 m, a height of 0.4 m and a width of 0.5 m were produced, in order to determine the fiber distribution along them. The beams differ in the manufacturing method (cast in layers or from one side), the fiber content and the way of fiber addition. After concretes hardening, slices were cut of the beams to determine the number of fibers in the cross section. The results showed that the number of fibers per unit area scatters about 10%, independent of manufacturing method and type of fiber addition. Finally, the results are discussed and a proposal to modify certain factors in the German and Austrian guideline for fiber reinforced concrete is made, to take the advantages of this new fiber type into account.
EFFECT OF PAC ON MBR PERFORMANCE DURING THE TREATMENT OF SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: MARSZAŁEK Anna , BOHDZIEWICZ Jolanta , PUSZCZAŁO Ewa
Published: September 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of powdered activated carbon on fouling intensity of capillary membranes working in the submerged membrane bioreactor during the treatment of synthetic municipal wastewater loaded with organic compounds. The research were carried out in a membrane bioreactor including a capillary ultrafiltration module made of polyethersulfone. The feed used in the presented study was synthetic municipal wastewater which was prepared in order to include high organic content. Moreover, the volumetric flux of the treated wastewater and the percentage of reversible and irreversible fouling were determined. It was found that activated carbon addition to a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating wastewater reduced irreversible fouling. The volumetric flux of the treated wastewater for PAC-assisted MBRs was higher by approximately 40% as compared to the volumetric flux of the treated wastewater without any sorbents.
COLLABORATIVE HOUSING PERSPECTIVES IN POLAND. POTENTIAL, BARRIERS AND LEGAL POSSIBILITIES
Authors: TWARDOCH Agata
Published: September 2018

This paper is a continuation of the paper entitled “Collaborative Housing Perspectives in Poland. Definition, Historical Overview and Examples” and it describes the possibilities of implementation of collaborative housing in Polish conditions. In the paper, apart from legal constraints, the author also describes the benefits of collaborative housing, because as far as benefits of building homes in the construction group system, co-operative or co-housing seem to be quite well diagnosed for the inhabitants, the benefits for the city – which, based on the author’s studies, are huge – are not described well enough.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF PRETREATMENT SYSTEMS BEFORE GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON FILTRATION
Authors: GUMIŃSKI Adam , KŁOS Marcin , GUMIŃSKA Jolanta
Published: September 2018

Granular activated carbon (GAC) is used for removing an excessive amount of organic contaminants causing undesirable taste, odour or colour of water, and refractive micropollutants, such as heavy metals or toxic organic compounds. However, adsorption is one of the most expensive unit processes used in treatment and renewal of water. This is due to the high cost of granular active carbon and the necessity of its frequent exchange or regeneration. In the paper the authors present the results of the technological and economic analysis of preliminary water treatment systems before GAC filters. The analysis enabled to determine the profitability of these investments taking into account raw water quality and the life of carbon between regenerations. The simulation results showed that it is economically profitable to apply preliminary water treatment independently of analysed pretreatment systems.
OPTIMIZATION OF WINDOW SIZE DESIGN FOR DETACHED HOUSE USING TRNSYS SIMULATIONS AND GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: FERDYN-GRYGIEREK Joanna , GRYGIEREK Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

Heat gains from the sun affect the heat balance of building by reducing the energy demand at certain periods of the year and increasing it at others. Windows, especially the type of glazing, are a determining factor in the successful use of solar gains. The aim of the research presented in the paper is to analyse the effects of the type and size of windows on annual heating and cooling energy consumption considering the energy costs in Polish climate conditions. Additionally the influence of building orientation has been analysed. Optimal selection of these parameters for reduction of the energy consumption has been carried out. Genetic algorithms were used for the optimization, while TRNSYS program was used for energy analysis. The analyses were performed on an exemplary single family detached house. Self-adaptive genetic algorithm connected with energy building simulation successfully identifies the lowest energy costs. Optimal window type and size design and window orientation reduce the energy costs. The developed comprehensive energy simulation environment can also be used to optimize other building’s parameters.
A Context-aware Smart Classroom for Enhanced Learning Environment
Authors: Miraoui Moeiz
Published: September 2018

Research on smart spaces represents one of the most innovative work being done recently. One of the interesting applications of smart spaces is the smart classroom. It aims at using new technologies and tools to provide adaptive, comfortable and personalized learning which supports and facilitates the learning operation. Often instructors waste a precious time of theirs courses on tasks not directly related to the course content especially adjusting several times both the light system of the classroom which consists of the light bulbs system and window blinds as well as the heating/cooling system and learning tools such as data show, moving board desktop computer. These systems should be adjusted according to the current context which has a high dynamic change. These activities prevent them from focusing on their main tasks and directly affect the proper functioning of the educational process. In some cases, after the end of the lesson and the leaving of the audience, devices of the classroom remain operating which causes an unjustified energy consumption. The aim of this paper is to propose a context-aware automation of classrooms which contributes to improving the quality of the educational process by automating tasks that are not directly related to the content of the courses and consume time and effort that would affect the smooth running of the educational process. The proposed smart classroom will provide a comfortable learning environment that ensures more emphasis on course content by instructor and students.