bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AMPK agonist AICAR delays the initial decline in lifetime-apex V̇o2 peak, while voluntary wheel running fails to delay its initial decline in female rats
Authors: Toedebusch Ryan G. , Ruegsegger Gregory N. , Braselton Joshua F. , Heese Alexander J. , Hofheins John C. , Childs Tom E. , Thyfault John P. , Booth Frank W.
Published: November 2015

There has never been an outcome measure for human health more important than peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2 peak), yet little is known regarding the molecular triggers for its lifetime decline with aging. We examined the ability of physical activity or 5 wk of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) administration to delay the initial aging-induced decline in lifetime-apex V̇o2 peakand potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Experiment 1 consisted of female rats with (RUN) and without (NO RUN) running wheels, while experiment 2 consisted of female nonrunning rats getting the AMPK agonist AICAR (0.5 mg/g/day) subcutaneously for 5 wk beginning at 17 wk of age. All rats underwent frequent, weekly or biweekly V̇o2 peaktests beginning at 10 wk of age. In experiment 1, lifetime-apex V̇o2 peakoccurred at 19 wk of age in both RUN and NO RUN and decreased thereafter. V̇o2 peakmeasured across experiment 1 was ∼25% higher in RUN than in NO RUN. In experiment 2, AICAR delayed the chronological age observed in experiment 1 by 1 wk, from 19 wk to 20 wk of age. RUN and NO RUN showed different skeletal muscle transcriptomic profiles both pre- and postapex. Additionally, growth and development pathways are differentially regulated between RUN and NO RUN. Angiomotin mRNA was downregulated postapex in RUN and NO RUN. Furthermore, strong significant correlations to V̇o2 peakand trends for decreased protein concentration supports angiomotin's potential importance in our model. Contrary to our primary hypothesis, wheel running was not sufficient to delay the chronological age of lifetime-apex V̇o2 peakdecline, whereas AICAR delayed it 1 wk.
Myocardial Injury in Children with Unoperated Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Hafez Mohamed O. , Morsy Saed M. , Mahfoz Ragab A. , Ali Ahmed R.
Published: November 2015

Background.Children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) may have a risk of developing myocardial injury caused by volume and pressure overload.Objective.To evaluate the incidence of myocardial injury in children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHDs using cTnI assay and to correlate it with different hemodynamic parameters.Methods.This study included 80 children with CHDs (40 acyanotic and 40 cyanotic) as well as 40 healthy children (control group). Serum cTnI levels were measured for patients and control. Pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) and pulmonary to systemic arterial pressure (Pp/Ps) ratios were measured for children with CHDs during cardiac catheterization.Results.Sixty-four out of 80 patients with CHDs had myocardial injury as evidenced by increased cTnI. Serum cTnI was significantly higher in both cyanotic and acyanotic groups compared to control group (p<0.05). Serum cTnI level significantly correlated with oxygen saturation (SpO2), ejection fraction (EF), Qp/Qs, and Pp/Ps ratios.Conclusion.The incidence of myocardial injury was high in children with CHDs. The use of cTnI for follow-up of children with CHDs may help early detection of myocardial injury and help early management of these cases.
A Hybrid Method for Image Segmentation Based on Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm and Fuzzyc-Means Clustering
Authors: Ma Li , Li Yang , Fan Suohai , Fan Runzhu
Published: November 2015

Image segmentation plays an important role in medical image processing. Fuzzyc-means (FCM) clustering is one of the popular clustering algorithms for medical image segmentation. However, FCM has the problems of depending on initial clustering centers, falling into local optimal solution easily, and sensitivity to noise disturbance. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a hybrid artificial fish swarm algorithm (HAFSA). The proposed algorithm combines artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) with FCM whose advantages of global optimization searching and parallel computing ability of AFSA are utilized to find a superior result. Meanwhile, Metropolis criterion and noise reduction mechanism are introduced to AFSA for enhancing the convergence rate and antinoise ability. The artificial grid graph and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are used in the experiments, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has stronger antinoise ability and higher precision. A number of evaluation indicators also demonstrate that the effect of HAFSA is more excellent than FCM and suppressed FCM (SFCM).
Inverted Papilloma Originating Primarily from the Nasolacrimal Duct: A Case Report and Review of the Pertinent Literature
Authors: Walijee Hussein Z. , Berry Sandeep , Quine Stuart , Lane Carol , Morris Daniel S. , Bowman Benedict
Published: November 2015

Introduction.Inverted papilloma (IP) is an uncommon, benign yet aggressive neoplasm characterised by high recurrence rates and tendency towards malignant transformation. The majority of IP cases originate in the ethmoid region, lateral wall of the nasal fossa, and maxillary sinus. The authors report a case of an IP originating primarily from the nasolacrimal duct (NLD).Case.A 69-year-old Caucasian gentleman presented with a lump in his right medial canthal region, epiphora, and discharge bilaterally. Radiological investigation revealed a well-defined, heterogeneous mass within the proximal NLD eroding the bony canal, protruding into the middle meatus and into the right orbit. The tumour was excised en bloc utilizing a combined external and endoscopic approach based on its location. Histology revealed hyperplastic ribbons of basement membrane-enclosed epithelium growing endophytically into the underlying stroma with no evidence of invasive malignancy. The patient made an uneventful recovery with unchanged visual acuity and normal extraocular movements.Conclusion.The case demonstrates variability within the sinonasal tract that IP can develop and the individuality of each case necessitating tailored operative techniques for complete excision whilst minimising recurrence rates. We also present a combined endoscopic approach for the en bloc resection of a NLD IP with no clinical recurrence at 15-month follow-up.
Observer-Based Bounded Control for Discrete Time-Delay Uncertain Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Wu Bei , Chen Mou , Chen Xiaoming
Published: November 2015

A bounded controller is proposed for a class of uncertain discrete time-delay systems with nonlinearity and disturbance based on state estimator and disturbance observer technique. A state estimator is developed to estimate the unmeasured system state vector. Suppose that the disturbance is generated by an exogenous system; a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the unknown disturbance. The parameters of the state estimator and the disturbance observer are calculated by solving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). By applying the outputs of the state estimator and the disturbance observer, the sufficient condition for the existence of the bounded controller is derived based on an appropriate Lyapunov function candidate. Under the developed bounded controller, the stability of the closed-loop system can be guaranteed. Simulation examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed bounded control scheme.
3,5,4′‐Tri‐O‐acetylresveratrol Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via MAPK/SIRT1 Pathway
Authors: Ma Lijie , Zhao Yilin , Wang Ruixuan , Chen Tingting , Li Wangping , Nan Yandong , Liu Xueying , Jin Faguang
Published: November 2015

The aim of the present research was to investigate the protecting effects of 3,5,4′‐tri‐O‐acetylresveratrol (AC‐Rsv) on LPS‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lung injuries have been evaluated by histological examination, wet‐to‐dry weight ratios, and cell count and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inflammation was assessed by MPO activities and cytokine secretion in lungs and cells. The results showed that AC‐Rsv significantly reduced the mortality of mice stimulated with LPS. Pretreatment of AC‐Rsv attenuated LPS‐induced histological changes, alleviated pulmonary edema, reduced blood vascular leakage, and inhibited the MPO activities in lungs. What was more, AC‐Rsv and Rsv treatment reduced the secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β in lungs and NR8383 cells, respectively. Further exploration revealed that AC‐Rsv and Rsv treatment relieved LPS‐induced inhibition on SIRT1 expression and restrained the activation effects of LPS on MAPKs and NF‐κB activation both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, in vivo results have also demonstrated that the protecting effects of Rsv on LPS‐induced inflammation would be neutralized when SIRT1 was in‐hibited by EX527. Taken together, these results indicated that AC‐Rsv protected lung tissue against LPS‐induced ARDS by attenuating inflammation via p38 MAPK/SIRT1 pathway.
The Effect of Body Weight Support Treadmill Training on Gait Recovery, Proximal Lower Limb Motor Pattern, and Balance in Patients with Subacute Stroke
Authors: Mao Yu-Rong , Lo Wai Leung , Lin Qiang , Li Le , Xiao Xiang , Raghavan Preeti , Huang Dong-Feng
Published: November 2015

Objective. Gait performance is an indicator of mobility impairment after stroke. This study evaluated changes in balance, lower extremity motor function, and spatiotemporal gait parameters after receiving body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and conventional overground walking training (CT) in patients with subacute stroke using 3D motion analysis.Setting. Inpatient department of rehabilitation medicine at a university-affiliated hospital.Participants. 24 subjects with unilateral hemiplegia in the subacute stage were randomized to the BWSTT(n=12)and CT(n=12)groups. Parameters were compared between the two groups. Data from twelve age matched healthy subjects were recorded as reference.Interventions. Patients received gait training with BWSTT or CT for an average of 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks.Main Outcome Measures. Balance was measured by the Brunel balance assessment. Lower extremity motor function was evaluated by the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale. Kinematic data were collected and analyzed using a gait capture system before and after the interventions.Results. Both groups improved on balance and lower extremity motor function measures(P<0.05), with no significant difference between the two groups after intervention. However, kinematic data were significantly improved(P<0.05)after BWSTT but not after CT. Maximum hip extension and flexion angles were significantly improved(P<0.05)for the BWSTT group during the stance and swing phases compared to baseline.Conclusion. In subacute patients with stroke, BWSTT can lead to improved gait quality when compared with conventional gait training. Both methods can improve balance and motor function.
Detection ofBabesia caballiandTheileria equiin Blood from Equines from Four Indigenous Communities in Costa Rica
Authors: Posada-Guzmán María Fernanda , Dolz Gaby , Romero-Zúñiga Juan José , Jiménez-Rocha Ana Eugenia
Published: November 2015

A cross-sectional study was carried out in four indigenous communities of Costa Rica to detect presence and prevalence ofBabesia caballiandTheileria equiand to investigate factors associated with presence of these hemoparasites. General condition of horses (n=285) was evaluated, and hematocrits and hemoglobin were determined from blood samples of 130 horses, which were also analyzed using blood smears, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). The general condition of the horses (n=285) in terms of their body and coat was between regular and poor, and hematocrit and hemoglobin average values were low (19% and 10.65 g/dL, resp.). Erythrocyte inclusions were observed in 32 (24.6%) of the samples. Twenty-six samples (20.0%) gave positive results forB. caballiand 60 (46.2%) forT. equi; 10 horses (7.7%) showed mixed infection, when analyzed by PCR. Using c-ELISA, it was found that 90 (69.2%) horses had antibodies againstB. caballiand 115 (88.5%) againstT. equi, while 81 (62.3%) showed mixed reactions. There were no factors associated with the presence ofB. caballiandT. equi. These results contrast with results previously obtained in equines in the Central Valley of Costa Rica.
The Importance of Stochastic Effects for Explaining Entrainment in the Zebrafish Circadian Clock
Authors: Heussen Raphaela , Whitmore David
Published: November 2015

The circadian clock plays a pivotal role in modulating physiological processes and has been implicated, either directly or indirectly, in a range of pathological states including cancer. Here we investigate how the circadian clock is entrained by external cues such as light. Working with zebrafish cell lines and combining light pulse experiments with simulation efforts focused on the role of synchronization effects, we find that even very modest doses of light exposure are sufficient to trigger some entrainment, whereby a higher light intensity or duration correlates with strength of the circadian signal. Moreover, we observe in the simulations that stochastic effects may be considered an essential feature of the circadian clock in order to explain the circadian signal decay in prolonged darkness, as well as light initiated resynchronization as a strong component of entrainment.
Local Anaesthetic Infiltration and Indwelling Postoperative Wound Catheters for Patients with Hip Fracture Reduce Death Rates and Length of Stay
Authors: Harrison William D. , Lees Deborah , A’Court Jamie , Ankers Thomas , Harper Ian , Inman Dominic , Reed Mike R.
Published: November 2015

Background. An analgesic enhanced recovery (ER) protocol for patients with a hip fracture was introduced. It was hypothesised that the ER would reduce pain, length of stay and improve clinical outcomes. The protocol used intraoperative infiltration of levobupivacaine followed by ongoing wound infusions.Methods.Consecutive patients admitted to two hospitals were eligible for the ER protocol. Numerical Reporting Scale pain scores (0–10) were recorded alongside opiate requirements. 434 patients in the ER group (316 full ER, 90 partial ER, and 28 no ER) were compared to a control group (CG) of 100 consecutive patients managed with traditional opiate analgesia.Results. Mean opiate requirement was 49.2 mg (CG) versus 32.5 mg (ER). Pain scores were significantly reduced in the full ER group,p<0.0001. Direct discharge home and mean acute inpatient stay were significantly reduced (p=0.0031andp<0.0001, resp.). 30-day mortality was 15% (CG) versus 5.5% (ER),p=0.0024.Conclusions. This analgesic ER protocol for patients with a hip fracture was safe and effective and was associated with reduced inpatient stay and mortality.
Valvular Excrescences: A Possible Transient Phenomenon
Authors: Marstrand Peter , Jensen Maiken Brit , Ihlemann Nikolaj
Published: November 2015

The thrombogenic potential of Lambl excrescences (LE) is minimal unlike the benign tumour fibroelastoma wherefrom thrombi often originate. We present a patient with multiple strokes within a six-year period. A possible locus on the aortic valve was found and diagnosed as fibroelastoma. Before aortic valve substitution prior finding could not be visualized and surgery was aborted. Due to review of earlier Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) and the transient component, LE was accepted as the most plausible diagnosis. This illustrates the need for TEE just before surgery.
Structural Differences in KIR3DL1 and LILRB1 Interaction with HLA-B and the Loading Peptide Polymorphisms:In SilicoEvidences
Authors: Grifoni Alba , Patronov Atanas , Montesano Carla , Colizzi Vittorio , Amicosante Massimo
Published: November 2015

KIR3DL1 and LILRB1 interact with HLA class I. Using KIR3DL1/HLA-B interaction to set up the procedure, structural immune-informatics approaches have been performed in LILRB1/HLA-B alleles’ combination also considering the contribution of the HLA bound peptide. All KIR3DL1 alleles interact strongly with HLA-B alleles carrying Bw4 epitope and negative charged amino acid residues in peptide position P8 disrupt KIR3DL1 binding. HLA-B alleles carrying Ile 194 show a higher strength of interaction with LILRB1 in all the analyzed haplotypes. Finally, we hypothesize a contribution of the amino acid at position 1 of the HLA bound peptide in the modulation of HLA-B/LILRB1 interaction.
Pregnant and Postpartum Women’s Experiences and Perspectives on the Acceptability and Feasibility of Copackaged Medicine for Antenatal Care and PMTCT in Lesotho
Authors: Gill Michelle M. , Hoffman Heather J. , Tiam Appolinaire , Mohai Florence M. , Mokone Majoalane , Isavwa Anthony , Mohale Sesomo , Makhohlisa Matela , Ankrah Victor , Luo Chewe , Guay Laura
Published: November 2015

Objective.To improve PMTCT and antenatal care-related service delivery, a pack with centrally prepackaged medicine was rolled out to all pregnant women in Lesotho in 2011. This study assessed acceptability and feasibility of this copackaging mechanism for drug delivery among pregnant and postpartum women.Methods.Acceptability and feasibility were assessed in a mixed method, cross-sectional study through structured interviews (SI) and semistructured interviews (SSI) conducted in 2012 and 2013.Results.290 HIV-negative women and 437 HIV-positive women (n=727) participated. Nearly all SI participants found prepackaged medicines acceptable, though modifications such as size reduction of the pack were suggested. Positive experiences included that the pack helped women take pills as instructed and contents promoted healthy pregnancies. Negative experiences included inadvertent pregnancy disclosure and discomfort carrying the pack in communities. Implementation was also feasible; 85.2% of SI participants reported adequate counseling time, though 37.8% felt pack use caused clinic delays. SSI participants reported improvement in service quality following pack introduction, due to more comprehensive counseling.Conclusions.A prepackaged drug delivery mechanism for ANC/PMTCT medicines was acceptable and feasible. Findings support continued use of this approach in Lesotho with improved design modifications to reflect the current PMTCT program of lifelong treatment for all HIV-positive pregnant women.
Investigation of Fatty Acid Ketohydrazone Modified Liposome’s Properties as a Drug Carrier
Authors: Hayashi Keita , Kiriishi Madoka , Suga Keishi , Okamoto Yukihiro , Umakoshi Hiroshi
Published: November 2015

pH-responsive liposomes were prepared by modifying the liposome with acid-cleaving amphiphiles. Palmitic ketohydrazone (P-KH) or stearic ketohydrazone (S-KH), composed of hydrophilic sugar headgroup and hydrophobic acyl chain, was used as a modifier of the DMPC liposome. Because the ketohydrazone group of P-KH or S-KH was cleaved at low pH conditions (<pH 5.0), the delivery of the P-KH modified liposomes was observed probably via an endocytic pathway. The membrane properties of these liposomes were characterized, focusing on the variation of both polarity (measured by Laurdan) and membrane fluidity (measured by DPH) at low pH condition. The interface of the P-KH modified liposome at acidic pH was found to become more hydrophobic and less fluidic as compared with that at neutral pH; that is, P-KH modified liposome became more rigid structure. Therefore, it seems that the P-KH modified liposome could protect encapsulated drugs from the enzymes in the lysosome. This study shows the novel approach about design of pH-responsive liposomes based on the membrane properties.
Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery: A Novel Technique in Patients with Neuromuscular Scoliosis
Authors: Sarwahi Vishal , Amaral Terry , Wendolowski Stephen , Gecelter Rachel , Gambassi Melanie , Plakas Christos , Liao Benita , Kalantre Sarika , Katyal Chhavi
Published: November 2015

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been described in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and adult scoliosis. The advantages of this approach include less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, earlier mobilization, less tissue disruption, and relatively less pain. However, despite these significant benefits, MIS approach has not been reported in neuromuscular scoliosis patients. This is possibly due to concerns with longer surgery time, which is further increased due to more levels fused and instrumented, challenges of pelvic fixation, size and number of incisions, and prolonged anesthesia. We modified the MIS approach utilized in our AIS patients to be implemented in our neuromuscular patients. Our technique allows easy passage of contoured rods, placement of pedicle screws without image guidance, partial/complete facet resection, and all standard reduction maneuvers. Operative time needed to complete this surgery is comparable to the standard procedure and the majority of our patients have been extubated at the end of procedure, spending 1 day in the PICU and 5-6 days in the hospital. We feel that MIS is not only a feasible but also a superior option in patients with neuromuscular scoliosis. Long-term results are unavailable; however, short-term results have shown multiple benefits of this approach and fewer limitations.
Validation of EGSYS Score in Prediction of Cardiogenic Syncope
Authors: Kariman Hamid , Harati Sepideh , Safari Saeed , Baratloo Alireza , Pishgahi Mehdi
Published: November 2015

Introduction. Evaluation of Guidelines in Syncope Study (EGSYS) is designed to differentiate between cardiac and noncardiac causes of syncope. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of this predictive model.Methods. In this prospective cross-sectional study, screening performance characteristics of EGSYS-U (univariate) and EGSYS-M (multivariate) in prediction of cardiac syncope were calculated for syncope patients who were referred to the emergency department (ED).Results. 198 patients with mean age of 59.26 ± 19.5 years were evaluated (62.3% male). 115 (58.4%) patients were diagnosed with cardiac syncope. Area under the ROC curve was 0.818 (95% CI: 0.75–0.87) for EGSYS-U and 0.805 (CI 95%: 0.74–0.86) for EGSYS-M (p=0.53). Best cut-off point for both models was≥3. Sensitivity and specificity were 86.08% (95% CI: 78.09–91.59) and 68.29% (95% CI: 56.97–77.86) for EGSYS-U and 91.30% (95% CI: 84.20–95.52) and 57.32% (95% CI: 45.92–68.02) for EGSYS-M, respectively.Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated the acceptable accuracy of EGSYS score in predicting cardiogenic causes of syncope at the≥3 cut-off point. It seems that using this model in daily practice can help physicians select at risk patients and properly triage them.
An Integrated BIM System to Track the Time and Cost of Construction Projects: A Case Study
Authors: Jrade Ahmad , Lessard Julien
Published: November 2015

Many construction projects suffer from poor design and from inconsistent time and cost management. This situation has led to rethinking of the industry’s performance and how it could be improved. Technology is breaking through design and management practices. Earned value management (EVM) enables better management of time and cost constraints. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is recognized to improve the planning and realization of a construction project. The present paper proposes an integrated time and cost management system (ITCMS), where an EVM platform is used in a virtual environment during the planning and construction phases of a project. The ITCMS enables early involvement and project integration plus thorough time and cost management. The system consists of four modules and 13 different processes. The ITCMS is beneficial at the design stage; construction professionals are able to synchronize the building model with time and cost parameters as well as optimize it through a clash detection process that results in budget and schedule compressions early on. The ITCMS is a useful tool for construction and engineering managers that strive to increase projects’ performance. The authors demonstrate in this paper the validity of using the ITCMS through an actual project.
TiO2/Halloysite Composites Codoped with Carbon and Nitrogen from Melamine and Their Enhanced Solar-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Yao Pengcheng , Zhong Shuhui , Shen Zhurui
Published: November 2015

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) codoped anatase TiO2/amorphous halloysite nanotubes (C+N-TiO2/HNTs) were fabricated using melamine as C and N source. The samples prepared by different weight ratios of melamine and TiO2were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer. It is shown that the doping amounts of C and N could influence the photocatalytic performance of as-prepared composites. When the weight ratio of melamine/TiO2is 4.5, the C+N-TiO2/HNTs exhibited the best photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl blue (MB) under solar light irradiation. The obtained C+N-TiO2/HNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). The results showed that the aggregation was effectively reduced, and TiO2nanoparticles could be uniformly deposited on the surface of HNTs. This leads to an increase of their specific surface area. XPS and FT-IR analyses indicated TiO2particles were doped successfully with C and N via the linkage of the Ti–O–N, O–Ti–N, and Ti–O–C. Photocatalytic experiments showed that C+N-TiO2/HNTs had higher degradation efficiency of MB than TiO2/HNTs. This makes the composite a potential candidate for the photocatalytic wastewater treatment.
Minimal Invasive Circumferential Management of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures
Authors: Pesenti S. , Graillon T. , Mansouri N. , Rakotozanani P. , Blondel B. , Fuentes S.
Published: November 2015

Introduction. While thoracolumbar fractures are common lesions, no strong consensus is available at the moment.Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of a minimal invasive strategy using percutaneous instrumentation and anterior approach in the management of thoracolumbar unstable fractures.Methods. 39 patients were included in this retrospective study. Radiologic evaluation was based on vertebral and regional kyphosis, vertebral body height restoration, and fusion rate. Clinical evaluation was based on Visual Analogic Score (VAS). All evaluations were done preoperatively and at 1-year follow-up.Results. Both vertebral and regional kyphoses were significantly improved on postoperative evaluation (13° and 7° versus −1° and −9°  P<0.05, resp.) as well as vertebral body height (0.92 versus 1.16,P<0.05). At 1-year follow-up, mean loss of correction was 1°. A solid fusion was visible in all the cases, and mean VAS was significantly reduced form 8/10 preoperatively to 1/10 at the last follow-up.Conclusion. Management of thoracolumbar fractures using percutaneous osteosynthesis and minimal invasive anterior approach (telescopic vertebral body prosthesis) is a valuable strategy. Results of this strategy offer satisfactory and stable results in time.
Adaptive MIMO Supervisory Control Design Using Modeling Error
Authors: Tsai Zhi-Ren , Chang Yau-Zen
Published: November 2015

This paper proposes an adaptive control scheme for nonlinear systems with significant nonminimum phase dynamics. The scheme is composed of an inner-level adaptive fuzzy PD control law and an outer-level supervisory control law. Importantly, the inner-level controller of the two-level scheme is designed based on a fuzzy model, which takes nonminimum phase phenomenon and modeling error explicitly into account. The scheme is both much simpler in design and more applicable to general nonlinear systems when compared with most existing nonlinear controllers. Effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated by numerical simulation of the control of a five-degree-of-freedom aircraft system in the face of bursting disturbances.
Developing a Novel Indolocarbazole as Histone Deacetylases Inhibitor against Leukemia Cell Lines
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Lv Maomin , Zhao Xiong , Zhang Jingang
Published: November 2015

A novel indolocarbazole (named as ZW2-1) possessing HDAC inhibition activity was synthesized and evaluated against human leukemia cell lines HL-60 and NB4. ZW2-1 performed anti-population growth effect which was in a concentration-dependent manner (2–12 μM) by inducing both apoptosis and autophagy in cells. The compound also caused differentiation of HL-60 and NB4 cells as shown by increasing expression of CD11b, CD14, and CD38 at moderate concentration (4 μM). At relatively high concentration (8 μM), ZW2-1 significantly decreased intracellular histone deacetylase 1 level which was also observed. All the results indicated that ZW2-1 could be a novel antileukemia lead capable of simultaneously inducing apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation.
Two General Architectures for Intelligent Machine Performance Degradation Assessment
Authors: Xu Yanwei , Xu Aijun , Xie Tancheng
Published: November 2015

Markov model is of good ability to infer random events whose likelihood depends on previous events. Based on this theory, hidden Markov model serves as an extension of Markov model to present an event from observations rather than states in Markov model. Moreover, due to successful applications in speech recognition, it attracts much attention in machine fault diagnosis. This paper presents two architectures for machine performance degradation assessment, which can be used to minimize machine downtime, reduce economic loss, and improve productivity. The major difference between the two architectures is whether historical data are available to build hidden Markov models. In case studies, bearing data as well as available historical data are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the first architecture. Then, whole life gearbox data without historical data are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the second architecture. The results obtained from two case studies show that the presented architectures have good abilities for machine performance degradation assessment.
One-Stage Reconstruction of Scalp after Full-Thickness Oncologic Defects Using a Dermal Regeneration Template (Integra)
Authors: De Angelis Barbara , Gentile Pietro , Tati Eleonora , Bottini Davide J. , Bocchini Ilaria , Orlandi Fabrizio , Pepe Giampiero , Segni Chiara Di , Cervelli Giulio , Cervelli Valerio
Published: November 2015

The use of Dermal Regeneration Template (DRT) can be a valid alternative for scalp reconstruction, especially in elderly patients where a rapid procedure with an acceptable aesthetic and reliable functional outcome is required. We reviewed the surgical outcome of 20 patients, 14 (70%) males and 6 (30%) females, who underwent application of DRT for scalp reconstruction for small defects (group A: mean defect size of 12.51 cm2) and for large defects (group B: mean defect size of 28.7 cm2) after wide excision of scalp neoplasm (basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma). In group A, the excisions were performed to the galeal layer avoiding pericranium, and in group B the excisions were performed including pericranium layer with subsequent coverage of the exposed bone with local pericranial flap. In both the groups (A and B) after the excision of the tumor, the wound bed was covered with Dermal Regeneration Template. In 3 weeks we observed the complete healing of the wound bed by secondary intention with acceptable cosmetic results and stable scars. Scalp reconstruction using a DRT is a valid coverage technique for minor and major scalp defects and it can be conducted with good results in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities.
Two 27 MHz Simple Inductive Loops, as Hyperthermia Treatment Applicators: Theoretical Analysis and Development
Authors: Kouloulias Vassilis , Karanasiou Irene , Koutsoupidou Maria , Matsopoulos George , Kouvaris John , Uzunoglu Nikolaos
Published: November 2015

Background. Deep heating is still the main subject for research in hyperthermia treatment.Aim. The purpose of this study was to develop and analyze a simple loop as a heating applicator.Methods. The performance of two 27 MHz inductive loop antennas as potential applicators in hyperthermia treatment was studied theoretically as well as experimentally in phantoms. Two inductive loop antennas with radii 7 cm and 9 cm were designed, simulated, and constructed. The theoretical analysis was performed by using Green’s function and Bessel’s function technique. Experiments were performed with phantoms radiated by the aforementioned loop antennas.Results. The specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions were estimated from the respective local phantom temperature measurements. Comparisons of the theoretical, simulation, and experimental studies showed satisfying agreement. The penetration depth was measured theoretically and experimentally in the range of 2–3.5 cm.Conclusion. The theoretical and experimental analysis showed that current loops are efficient in the case where the peripheral heating of spherical tumor formation located at 2–3.5 cm depth is required.
Primary Left Cardiac Angiosarcoma with Mitral Valve Involvement Accompanying Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Baran Cagdas , Durdu Serkan , Eryilmaz Sadik , Sirlak Mustafa , Akar A. Ruchan
Published: November 2015

We report here on a 43-year-old female patient presenting with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, severe mitral regurgitation, and mild mitral stenosis secondary to encroachment of the related structures by a primary cardiac angiosarcoma. A coronary angiography revealed significant stenosis in the left main and left circumflex arteries and at exploration, the tumour was arising from posterior left atrial free wall, invading the posterior mitral leaflet, and extending into all of the pulmonary veins and pericardium. Therefore, no further intervention was performed, except for left internal mammarian artery to left anterior descending artery anastomosis and biopsy. As far as we know, this case is unique with respect to its presentation.
The Impact of an Intact Infrapatellar Fat Pad on Outcomes after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: White Leigh , Hartnell Nicholas , Hennessy Melissa , Mullan Judy
Published: November 2015

Background. The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) is currently resected in approximately 88% of Total Knee Arthroplasties (TKAs). We hypothesised that an intact IPFP would improve outcomes after TKA. Methods. Patients with an intact IPFP participated in this cross-sectional study by completing two surveys, at 6 and 12 months after TKA. Both surveys included questions regarding kneeling, with the Oxford Knee Score also included at 12 months. Results. Sixty patients participated in this study. At 6 and 12 months, a similar number of patients were able to kneel, 40 (66.7%) and 43 (71.7%), respectively. Fifteen (25.0%) patients were unable to kneel due to knee pain at 6 months; of these, nine (15%) were unable to kneel at 12 months. Moreover, at 12 months, 90.0% of the patients reported minimal or no knee pain. There was no correlation between the inability to kneel and knee pain (p=0.13). There was a significant correlation between the inability to kneel and reduced overall standardised knee function scores (p=0.02). Conclusions. This was the first study to demonstrate improved kneeling and descending of stairs after TKA with IPFP preservation. These results in the context of current literature show that IPFP preservation reduces the incidence of knee pain 12 months after TKA.
Electronic Tongue Based on Nanostructured Hybrid Films of Gold Nanoparticles and Phthalocyanines for Milk Analysis
Authors: Mercante Luiza A. , Scagion Vanessa P. , Pavinatto Adriana , Sanfelice Rafaela C. , Mattoso Luiz H. C. , Correa Daniel S.
Published: November 2015

The use of gold nanoparticles combined with other organic and inorganic materials for designing nanostructured films has demonstrated their versatility for various applications, including optoelectronic devices and chemical sensors. In this study, we reported the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles stabilized with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (Au@PAH NPs), as well as the capability of this material to form multilayer Layer‐by‐Layer (LbL) nanostructured films with metal tetrasulfonated phthalocyanines (MTsPc). Film growth was monitored by UV‐Vis absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Once LbL films have been applied as active layers in chemical sensors, Au@PAH/MTsPc and PAH/MTsPc LbL films were used in an electronic tongue system for milk analysis regarding fat content. The capacitance data were treated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), revealing the role played by the gold nanoparticles on the LbL films electrical properties, enabling this kind of system to be used for analyzing complex matrices such as milk without any prior pretreatment.
Flooding Regime Impacts on Radiation, Evapotranspiration, and Latent Energy Fluxes over Groundwater-Dependent Riparian Cottonwood and Saltcedar Forests
Authors: Cleverly James , Thibault James R. , Teet Stephen B. , Tashjian Paul , Hipps Lawrence E. , Dahm Clifford N. , Eamus Derek
Published: November 2015

Radiation and energy balances are key drivers of ecosystem water and carbon cycling. This study reports on ten years of eddy covariance measurements over groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) in New Mexico, USA, to compare the role of drought and flooding on radiation, water, and energy budgets of forests differing in species composition (native cottonwoodversusnonnative saltcedar) and flooding regime. After net radiation (700–800 W m−2), latent heat flux was the largest energy flux, with annual values of evapotranspiration exceeding annual precipitation by 250–600%. Evaporative cooling dominated the energy fluxes of both forest types, although cottonwood generated much lower daily values of sensible heat flux (<−5 MJ m−2 d−1). Drought caused a reduction in evaporative cooling, especially in the saltcedar sites where evapotranspiration was also reduced, but without a substantial decline in depth-to-groundwater. Our findings have broad implications on water security and the management of native and nonnative vegetation within semiarid southwestern North America. Specifically, consideration of the energy budgets of GDEs as they respond to fluctuations in climatic conditions can inform the management options for reducing evapotranspiration and maintaining in-stream flow, which is legally mandated as part of interstate and international water resources agreements.
Prognostic Value of Metastatic No.8p LNs in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Guo Dong-Jiao , Yang Kun , Zhang Wei-Han , Chen Xiao-Long , Chen Xin-Zu , Zhang Bo , Zhou Zong-Guang , Hu Jian-Kun
Published: November 2015

Background. To evaluate prognostic value of metastatic No.8p LNs in patients with gastric cancer.Methods. From August 2002 to December 2011, a total of 284 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy with No.8p LNs dissection were analyzed retrospectively in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the status of No.8p LNs. Clinicopathological features were collected to conduct the correlation analysis. Follow-up was carried out up to December 31st, 2014. Overall survival was analyzed.Results. Out of 284 patients, metastatic No.8p LNs were found in 24 (8.5%) patients. Compared with other 260 cases, these patients suffered morphologically larger tumor (P=0.003), node stage (P=0.000), and metastatic stage (P=0.000). The 3-year overall survival rate was 26% in No.8p-positive group and 53% in No.8p-negative group. No significant difference of cumulative survival rates existed between the No.8p-positive group and No.8p-negative stage IV group (26% versus 28%,P=0.923). Patients with other distant metastasis or not in No.8p+ group had similar cumulative survival rates (24% versus 28%,P=0.914).Conclusions. Positive No.8p LNs were a poor but not an independent prognostic factor for patients with GC and should be recognized as distant metastasis.
Endovascular Stent Placement for Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Access Stenosis
Authors: Neuen Brendon L. , Baer Richard A. , Grainer Frank , Mantha Murty L.
Published: November 2015

This study aims to report the outcomes of nitinol and polytetrafluoroethylene covered stent placement to treat hemodialysis arteriovenous access stenosis at a single center over a five-year period. Clinical and radiological information was reviewed retrospectively. Poststent primary and secondary patency rates were determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Ten clinical variables were subjected to multivariate Cox regression analysis to determine predictors of patency after stent placement. During the study period 60 stents were deployed in 45 patients, with a mean follow-up of 24.5 months. The clinical and anatomical success rate was 98.3% (59/60). Poststent primary patency rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 64%, 46%, and 35%, respectively. Poststent secondary patency rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 95%, 89%, and 85%, respectively. Stent placement for upper arm lesions and in access less than 12 months of age was associated with reduced primary patency (adjusted hazards ratio [HR] 5.1,p=0.0084, and HR 3.5,p=0.0029, resp.). Resistant or recurrent stenosis can be successfully treated by endovascular stent placement with durable long-term patency, although multiple procedures are often required. Stent placement for upper arm lesions and in arteriovenous access less than 12 months of age was associated with increased risk of patency loss.
Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofTeucrium persicumBoiss. Extract in Mice
Authors: Miri Abdolhossein , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Tabrizian Kaveh , Nasiri Ali Akbar
Published: November 2015

Background.Therapeutic properties ofTeucriumspecies as antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, anticancer, diuretic, and tonic compounds have been proved earlier.Materials and Methods. In this study, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract ofTeucrium persicumon chronic pain, sciatic nerve ligation as a model of neuropathic pain, and inflammatory models were investigated by formalin, hot-plate, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models in mice, respectively.T. persicumaqueous extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were orally gavaged for one week. On 8th day, the time spent and the number of lickings were recorded in formalin test. Morphine and Diclofenac were used intraperitoneally as positive controls. In sciatic nerve ligated animals, as a model of neuropathic pain, doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) ofT. persicumextract (TPE) were orally gavaged for 14 consecutive days. The analgesic effect of this extract was examined 14 days after sciatic nerve ligation using the hot-plate test. Controls received saline and Imipramine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) was used a positive control for neuropathic pain model.Results.In the formalin test, a week oral gavage of all TPE doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease on the licking response compared to the control negative animals. In the hot-plate test, doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significant analgesic effects in sciatic nerve ligated animals. Oral gavaged of TPE revealed significant analgesic effect on chronic pain in both formalin test and sciatic nerve ligated animals. The TPEs did not have any significant anti-inflammatory effects in cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in mice.Conclusions.These results suggest that the aqueous extract fromT. persicumBoiss. produced antinociceptive effects. Its exact mechanism of action still remains indistinct.
Zero-One Law for Connectivity in Superposition of Random Key Graphs on Random Geometric Graphs
Authors: Tang Y. , Li Q. L.
Published: November 2015

We study connectivity property in the superposition of random key graph on random geometric graph. For this class of random graphs, we establish a new version of a conjectured zero-one law for graph connectivity as the number of nodes becomes unboundedly large. The results reported here strengthen recent work by the Krishnan et al.
Bioavailability Study of an Innovative Orobuccal Formulation of Glutathione
Authors: Buonocore Daniela , Grosini Matteo , Giardina Silvana , Michelotti Angela , Carrabetta Mariaelena , Seneci Antonio , Verri Manuela , Dossena Maurizia , Marzatico Fulvio
Published: November 2015

Alteration of the ubiquitous thiol tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is involved in oxidative stress, which plays a role in ageing; consequently, GSH is closely related to this process characterized by progressive decline in the efficiency of physiological function and increased susceptibility to disease. When circulating GSH decreases, oral administration might be considered a therapeutic benefit. Unfortunately, due to the hydrolysis of the tripeptide by intestinal γ‐glutamyltransferase, dietary glutathione is not a major determinant for its increase. Aim of this work was to evaluate improvement of GSH systemic availability testing, in vitro and in vivo, an optimized orobuccal fast‐slow release formulation tablet containing pure stabilized GSH. In vitro evaluation of the penetration capability of the innovative GSH‐release formulation showed that GSH was well absorbed by the reconstructed oral epithelium and its absorption has features of time‐dependence. In addition, in vivo results, obtained from 15 healthy volunteers, were in favor of GSH level improvement in blood showing fast (after 30 and 60 minutes) absorption through oral mucosa. In conclusion, the intake of GSH formulated through optimized orobuccal fast‐slow release tablets gave positive results in raising GSH blood concentration.
Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells Alleviate Radiation‐Induced Muscular Fibrosis by Suppressing the Expression of TGF‐β1
Authors: Sun Wei , Ni Xinchu , Sun Suping , Cai Leiming , Yu Jingping , Wang Jian , Nie Bin , Sun Zhiqiang , Ni Xinye , Cao Xiufeng
Published: November 2015

We aim to investigate the effects of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) transplantation on irradiation‐induced skeletal muscle fibrosis. Sixty‐four rabbits were randomly divided into ASCs group and PBS group followed by irradiation at unilateral hip with a single dose of 80 Gy. Nonirradiated side with normal skeletal muscle served as normal control. Skeletal muscle tissues were collected from eight rabbits in each group at 1 w, 4 w, 8 w, and 26 w after irradiation. Migration of ASCs was observed in the peripheral tissues along the needle passage in the injured muscle. The proportion of the area of collagen fibers to the total area in sections of ASCs group was lower than those of PBS groups at 4 w, 8 w, and 26 w after irradiation. Significant decrease was noted in the integrated optimal density of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) in the ASCs group compared with those of PBS group at 4 w, 8 w, and 26 w after irradiation. Moreover, the expression of TGF‐β1 was lower in the ASCs group compared to those of the PBS group at each time point determined by Western blot analysis. ASCs transplantation could alleviate irradiation fibrosis by suppressing the level of TGF‐β1 in the irradiated skeletal muscle.