bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Top Energy Saver of the Year: Results of an Energy Saving Competition in Public Buildings
Authors: Kaselofsky Jan , Schüle Ralf , Rošā Marika , Prodaņuks Toms , Jekabsone Anda , Vadovics Edina , Vadovics Kristóf , Heinel Thekla
Published: December 2020

Non-residential buildings in the European Union consume more than one third of the building sector’s total. Many non-residential buildings are owned by municipalities. This paper reports about an energy saving competition that was carried out in 91 municipal buildings in eight EU member states in 2019. For each public building an energy team was formed. The energy teams’ activities encompassed motivating changes in the energy use behaviour of employees and small investments. Two challenges added an element of gamification to the energy saving competition. To assess the success of the energy saving competition, an energy performance baseline was calculated using energy consumption data of each public building from previous years. Energy consumption in the competition year was monitored on a monthly base. After the competition the top energy savers from each country were determined by the percentage-based reduction of energy consumption compared to the baseline. On average, the buildings had an electricity and heat consumption in 2019 that was about 8 % and 7 %, respectively, lower than the baseline. As an additional data source for the evaluation, a survey among energy team members was conducted at the beginning and after the energy competition. Support from superiors, employee interest and motivation and behaviour change as assessed by energy team members show a positive, if weak or moderate, correlation with changes in electricity consumption, but not with changes in heat consumption.
Romanian National Opera of Cluj-Napoca – a Century of Existence beyond the Limits of the Times
Authors: Bogdan Stanca Maria
Published: December 2020

On September 18, 2019, the Romanian National Opera of Cluj- Napoca celebrated its 100th anniversary and on May 25, 2020, it also celebrated a century from its inaugural performance. The birth of a cultural institution represents in itself the first overcoming of a limit: the limit of perpetuity. The concept of limit arose with the awareness of the finite essence of human nature in relation to its need for evolution and, concurrently, with the craving for freedom, exemplary being a desirable consequence of challenging the limit. In this context, humans discovered and endowed art concurrently with the purpose and gift of sublimating them, of guide them in their effort to explore, understand, affirm and overcome their condition. From the multitude of artistic expressions, opera appears to be, perhaps, the most complex genre. From this perspective, the Romanian National Opera of Cluj-Napoca not only has the virtue of being the first institution of this kind in the country, but also of fully observing its artistic status, of triumphantly overcoming all the challenges it, at a historical scale, through the mists of time. Now that the institution has celebrated its centennial, this is no longer a mere trial, but a confirmation. Through its accomplishments, the Cluj Opera has all arguments to be confident in its ability to persevere in going beyond the most recurrent of limits: the future.
Standup Comedy as Humorous Detachment: Enlightenment Roots from Diderot and Sade
Authors: Nedelea Patricia
Published: December 2020

This comparative and multidisciplinary article reveals an original perspective on Standup Comedy, proposing the Enlightenment philosophy as a possible roots for Standup Comedy. Subsequently, the Standup Comedian is presented as the most Rational and Detached type of actor. The comparative approach uses writings coming from the Enlightenment, from two very different, but equally iconic philosophers: Diderot, whose discourse focuses on acting (The Actor’s Paradox) and Sade, whose text is directed at gender issues from what we call today a very “politically incorrect” angle (the novel Justine). My theoretical attempt is multidisciplinary, being situated at the intersection between performance studies, literary studies and rhetoric.
Theatre As A Form Of Activism
Authors: Hăisan Carmen
Published: December 2020

Arts can provide an alternative to violence and the opportunity to give a voice to the oppressed. Music, arts and theatre can become acts of defiance, a form of resistance, or a simple bridge of reconciliation. Creativity in arts give the community the opportunity to exceed certain boundaries and urges the individuals to see the potential in them and in the whole world. We will analize, therefore, the relations between theatre and war, trying to analize contemporary examples of global conflict zones: theatrical protests against war, performances by refugees and the impact of these in education. Using theatre as a form of awareness of human rights, we are not educating only the audience – we also lead to public awareness, empathy and people-to-people relationships. The vision of a theatre that connects thoughts, feelings and actions represents a powerfull symbol of a democratic society. Theatre, as the most public of art forms, embracing the other arts under it’s hat, can become a form of remodeling a society, using our imagination.
Sytuacja branży gastronomicznej w pierwszych miesiącach trwania pandemii COVID-19 na przykładzie Krakowa
Authors: Grochowicz Marek
Published: December 2020

Abstrakt

Branża gastronomiczna była jedną z lepiej prosperujących gałęzi usługowych w dzielnicach śródmiejskich. W momencie pojawienia się pandemii COVID-19 sytuacja ta uległa szybkiej zmianie i ukazała brak odporności tego sektora na podobne wstrząsy. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu przedstawienie kondycji branży gastronomicznej w centrach miast w pierwszych miesiącach trwania pandemii COVID-19. Badania terenowe zostały przeprowadzone w okresie maj – sierpień 2020 r. w Krakowie i obejmowały obszar historycznego centrum tego miasta (Stare Miasto i Kazimierz). W trakcie zamrożenia gospodarki, część branży gastronomicznej działała na wynos lub z dostawą, w większym stopniu na Kazimierzu (39% lokali) niż na Starym Mieście (zaledwie 26,5% lokali), gdzie spora część lokali od lat nastawiona jest na turystów. W Krakowie w porównaniu z innymi miastami na świecie, ograniczenia przestały obowiązywać już 18 maja 2020 r, w związku z czym, w sezonie wakacyjnym zdecydowana większość lokali zaczęła normalnie działać a liczba podmiotów, które nie zostały ponownie otworzone była mniejsza niż 10%.

Z badań i obserwacji wynika jasno, że lokale, które nie były nastawione na turystów, mają wyższej jakości usługi, posiadają letni ogródek i oferują szerszy zakres usług (napoje alkoholowe, lunch) mają znacznie większe szanse na przetrwanie pandemii COVID-19, jak i innych podobnych załamań w przyszłości.
Morfologia innowacji. Instytucje otoczenia przedsiębiorstw innowacyjnych jako element przestrzeni miejskiej na przykładzie Krakowa
Authors: Morawska Ilona
Published: December 2020

Abstrakt

Artykuł ten ma na celu analizę sposobu w jaki instytucje otoczenia firm innowacyjnych rozmieszczone są przestrzennie miejskiej czy same w sobie mają tendencję do skupiania się w jednej, określonej przestrzeni. Analizuje także w jaki sposób ukształtowany jest, pod względem morfologicznym, obszar, kwartał czy też dzielnica, w której takie instytucje się znajdują. Tekst stanowi próbę opisu „morfologii innowacji” oraz weryfikacji tego czy i jak ważna jest przestrzeń i architektura w rozwoju zarówno branż innowacyjnych, jak i ich otoczenia.
Mieszkania komunalne – wyzwanie dla polityki mieszkaniowej państwa w świetle badań wybranych miast
Authors: Kluza Barbara , Kluza Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Abstrakt

Pomimo jednego z najszybszych temp wzrostu gospodarczego wśród krajów Unii Europejskiej w latach 2010–2019 w Polsce nie odnotowano istotnej poprawy w zaspokajaniu potrzeb mieszkaniowych mniej zamożnych gospodarstw domowych. Zasoby mieszkań komunalnych charakteryzują się zarówno niską dostępnością jak i wysokim stopniem zużycia majątku, a także rosnącymi zaległościami czynszowymi. W obliczu nadchodzącej dekoniunktury gospodarczej wywołanej pandemią koronawirusa SARS-CoV-2, realizacja zadań własnych gmin w zakresie mieszkalnictwa ulegnie dalszemu utrudnieniu. Aby temu zapobiec autorzy prezentują szereg postulatów zmian regulacyjnych dotyczących jednostek samorządowych i instytucji centralnych, które usprawnią realizację polityk mieszkaniowych państwa w zakresie mieszkań komunalnych.
Relationship between Macroeconomic Indicators and Capital Markets Performance in Selected Southeastern European Countries
Authors: Dodig Ante
Published: December 2020

This study tests the weak form of the efficient capital markets theorem in five transition economies in Southeast Europe between 2005 and 2016. A panel pooled mean group estimator is used to examine the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and the performance of stock market indexes. This is a suitable estimator for these young frontier markets, given that they have yet to develop the breadth and depth of an advanced market—such as ample liquidity and traders—to aggregate cross-country data and use level series prime data instead of differentials of the same. These frontier capital markets are found to be weak form inefficient, meaning that stock prices do not reflect available current public information. In other words, when a market is transparent and investor behavior is rational, the macroeconomic data should be included in the value of the stock indexes. The five countries may benefit from bringing their capital markets legislation in line with those of developed countries and by improving corporate governance and transparency. This would boost investor trust and liquidity. The coverage of this research can be extended to find more standardized data values and develop additional factors not captured by this model.
Androgen use in hereditary angioedema: A critical appraisal and approaches to transitioning from androgens to other therapies
Authors: Johnston Douglas T. , Henry Li H. , Craig Timothy J. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Anderson John , Joseph Kusumam , Riedl Marc A.
Published: December 2020

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder clinically characterized by recurrent attacks of subcutaneous and mucosal swelling. Attenuated androgens have been a prophylactic treatment option to reduce the frequency of HAE attacks for > 4 decades.
However, the advent of effective on-demand treatments and highly effective, more tolerable, long-term prophylactic therapies has led to a decline in the use of attenuated androgens for the management of HAE in regions where newer therapies are available. A consensus about the best approach
for discontinuing or tapering off attenuated androgen therapy does not exist. Objective: To develop a consensus on androgen tapering for patients with HAE. Methods: We sent an open-ended survey about androgen tapering to 21 physicians who treat HAE,
12 of whom responded. We reviewed the collective experience of the participating physicians in combination with results from a literature review on the topic. Results: The survey and literature review underscored potential concerns related to rapid androgen withdrawal in
patients with HAE, including physician and patient concerns that the frequency and severity of attacks would abruptly worsen. In addition, discontinuation of attenuated androgens may have the potential for transient adverse effects, such as an increase in the rate of attacks or effects related
to hormone withdrawal. Our survey showed that physicians often taper androgens to prevent increases in HAE attacks and possible withdrawal complications. Conclusion: Based on both experiences of the physicians who responded to our survey and reports in the endocrine literature,
we provided recommendations for androgen tapering. However, we noted that the likelihood of adverse effects due to androgen withdrawal in patients with HAE is poorly understood and requires further study.
A Comparison of the Two-Option Versus the Four-Option Multiple-Choice Item: A Case for Fewer Distractors
Authors: Bateson Allan , Dardick William
Published: December 2020

Multiple choice test items typically consist of the key and 3-4 distractors. However, research has supported the efficacy of using fewer alternatives. Haladyna and Downing (1993) found that it is difficult to write test items with more than one plausible distractor, resulting in items with a correct answer and one alternative, also known as the alternate choice (AC) format. We constructed two 32-item tests; one with four alternatives (MC4) and one with two (AC), using an inter-judge agreement approach to eliminate distractors. Tests were administered to 138 personnel working for a U.S. Government agency. Testing time was significantly less and scores were higher for the AC test. However, score differences disappeared when both forms were corrected for guessing. There were no significant differences in test difficulty (mean p-values). The corrected KR-20 reliabilities for both forms, after applying the Spearman-Brown formula, were AC = .816 and MC4 = .893. We discuss the results with respect to the resources spent writing and reviewing test items, and in more broadly sampling a content domain using the AC format due to reduced testing times.
GRUPOS DE REFLEXÃO COM CASAIS E SEUS EFEITOS NA CONVIVÊNCIA CONJUGAL
Authors: Novaki Aoyama Patricia Cristina , Giacomeli Alice Maria , Aires Any Louize , Silva Wendland Carolina , Sesco Solange Aparecida
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever os efeitos que a vivencia em um grupo de reflexão com casais pode produzir. Sabe-se que com a chegada das novas tecnologias muitos casais tem apresentado dificuldades no manejo da vida conjugal, pois estas apesar de permitirem aproximações também geram afastamento. Desta forma, foi proposto um grupo de reflexão com casais para a discussão de temáticas que envolviam a convivência conjugal. Para avaliação desta prática aplicou-se o inventário de habilidades sociais conjugais (IHSC VILLA DEL-PRETTE) antes do início do grupo e após seu término, identificando os efeitos que o grupo produziu no repertorio comportamental dos casais. Observou-se a partir desta avaliação que a reflexão sobre o distanciamento, a importância do autoconhecimento, o treino da comunicação e o desenvolvimento da empatia funcionaram como variáveis que afetaram as interações afetivas, levando cada casal a investigar como estava caminhando sua relação, para conexão ou desconexão. E desta forma, fazer mudanças para a melhoria da relação conjugal. Acredita-se que promover espaços de reflexão com casais pode favorecer a qualidade da vida conjugal.
USO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE HIDROXIAPATITA E PLASMA RICO EM PLAQUETA NO TRATAMENTO DE UMA NÃO UNIÃO ÓSSEA DE RÁDIO E ULNA EM UM CÃO – RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Da Costa Juliana Rodrigues Brito , Perrut Daniela Arantes , Ferreira Alexandre Martins , Vivas Diego Gonzalez
Published: December 2020

A não união óssea é uma complicação ortopédica que ocorre normalmente devido à instabilidade da fratura em decorrência de uma escolha de fixação inadequada ou inapropriada, sendo esta mais comumente observada em cães de raças pequenas e miniatura. Este trabalho relata a utilização da associação entre Hidroxiapatita e Plasma Rico em Plaqueta no tratamento de uma não união óssea de rádio e ulna e esclarece os benefícios destes biomateriais no processo de regeneração do tecido ósseo. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo relatar o caso de um canino com não união óssea de rádio/ulna devido ao alinhamento inadequado dos fragmentos ósseos no tratamento conservador com bandagem, proporcionando instabilidade do foco da fratura. No tratamento cirúrgico consistiu na colocação de uma placa óssea e enxertia com Hidroxiapatita e Plasma Rico em Plaqueta para melhor regeneração óssea. A utilização de tais biomateriais no tratamento da não união foi benéfica para a formação do calo ósseo primário, não produzindo efeitos adversos para o paciente. A partir deste resultado podemos concluir que, embora estudos sobre biomaterias e enxertia sejam importantes, a aplicabilidade destes biomaterias mostrou-se um método eficiente, não apresentando sinais de infecção e nem evidência de rejeição.
Reviving the Urban Water-Edge: History and Heritage Morphology in the Envisaging of Chittagong City
Authors: Al Mamun Md Mustiafiz , Paul Pranjib , Noor Sadman , Begum Anjuman Ara
Published: December 2020

Ancient settlements were dependent on the availability of water for sustainable living, ritual values, and economic purposes. Today, many Tropical Asian cities provide examples of urban settlements within water landscapes, yet these cities struggle with water issues, and face challenges in creating a contextual morphological identity. This paper explores urban waterfront heritage through a case study of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The city is experiencing rapid unplanned urbanisation, insensitive land use and the demolition of historical buildings along waterways, which in turn has created a contextual crisis in the built environment and social living. To explore the relationship of built heritage with the water-edge, this paper examines historical architectural styles using urban morphological codes. Results show that the historical orientations, accessibility, and functions of heritage buildings are explicitly and sensitively connected with the water-edge. The paper argues that physical and spatial components of urban structure and water landscape, incorporating the lessons of urban history, could become a tool to preserve urban heritage. However, to enhance the image of the city in a sustainable manner along water-edges, it is crucial to use the potentiality of water landscape with the heritage-based morphologies in current urban design and development practices.
Meaning Behind the 2018 PRC Constitution Amendments – Application of Political Discourse Analysis to the “New Era” Narratives of Xi Jinping
Authors: Bērziņa-Čerenkova Una Aleksandra
Published: December 2020

Although opinions vary as to the degree of assertiveness of China’s leadership under the Xi Jinping rule in comparison to Hu Jintao, the fact that China under Xi has set out on a new, more persuasive discursive path regarding its historical role and position global futures has been confirmed both by analysts inside and outside of the PRC – particularly after the 2018 PRC Constitution Amendment, which introduced “Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese characteristics for a New Era”, among other additions. This paper serves the purpose of explaining the meaning of the official discursive strategies behind the “New Era” (新时代) concept as presented by Xi Jinping during his Report at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China by examining the grand narratives that surround it, ultimately contributing to the research of the logic behind Xi Jinping’s agenda vis-a-vis China’s desired position. A total of three overarching New Era narratives have been established: the mission narrative, the international influence narrative, and the party governance narrative. The paper argues that the main task of all three narratives is to provide arguments in support of Xi Jinping’s ideological innovation. Methodologically, the paper draws on the Political Discourse Analysis theory.

Lai gan viedokļi par Ķīnas valdības pašpārliecinātības pakāpi Sji Dzjiņpina laikā salīdzinājumā ar Hu Dziņtao laiku mēdz atšķirties, faktu, ka Ķīna Sji vadībā ir izvēlējusies jaunu, pārliecinošāku diskursīvu stratēģiju attiecībā uz tās vēsturisko lomu un vietu globālajā nākotnē, apstiprina pētnieki gan ĶTR, gan ārpus tās – it īpaši pēc 2018. gada ĶTR Konstitūcijas grozījumiem, kurā tika iekļauta arī “Sji Dzjiņpina doma par sociālismu ar ķīniešu nokrāsu Jaunajam laikmetam”. Šī raksta mērķis ir izskaidrot “Jaunā laikmeta“ (新时代) koncepcijas pamatā esošās oficiālās diskursīvi konstitucionālās stratēģijas izpausmes Sji Dzjiņpina ziņojumā Ķīnas Komunistiskās partijas 19. Nacionālajam kongresam, šādi veicinot Sji Dzjiņpina darba kārtības izpēti. Kopumā ir atklāti trīs visaptveroši “Jaunā laikmeta naratīvi”: misijas naratīvs, starptautiskās ietekmes naratīvs un partijas pārvaldes naratīvs. Rakstā secināts, ka visu trīs naratīvu galvenais uzdevums ir sniegt argumentus Sji Dzjiņpina ideoloģiskās inovācijas atbalstam. Metodoloģiski raksts balstās tiesiski politiskā diskursa analīzes teorijā.
Independencia partidista en América Latina: Actitudes, comportamiento y decisión de voto
Authors: Cisneros Isaac
Published: December 2020

La identificación partidista es importante para explicar las actitudes, opiniones y el comportamiento político de los individuos en muchos contextos. Sin embargo, poca atención se ha puesto a su contraparte, la independencia partidista. En América Latina, los votantes independientes son el 62 por ciento del electorado. Pero ¿quiénes son los votantes independientes en América Latina? ¿cuáles son sus actitudes y comportamiento político? y ¿qué factores inciden en su decisión de voto? Usando datos del Barómetro de las Américas, se distinguen dos tipos de votantes independientes a partir de sus niveles de movilidad cognitiva: apolíticos y apartidistas. Los resultados muestran que los apartidistas se comportan de manera más similar a los partidistas que a los apolíticos en América Latina. Los apartidistas poseen niveles más altos de participación electoral y no electoral, se exponen más a las noticias en medios de comunicación, usan más internet y tienen un mayor conocimiento político que los apolíticos. Además, son más propensos que los apolíticos a utilizar la evaluación del desempeño del gobierno como factor en su decisión de voto.
Peaceful Borders and Illicit Transnational Flows in the Americas
Authors: Kacowicz Arie M. , Lacovsky Exequiel , Wajner Daniel F.
Published: December 2020

This article introduces an analytical framework to explain the coexistence of peaceful borders and illicit transnational flows as evidenced by drug trafficking, human trafficking and smuggling, weapons trafficking, and terrorism in the Americas, a region characterized by international peace, domestic peace, and regional integration. Under the assumption that peaceful relations among neighboring countries enable the incursion of transnational nonstate actors across their borders, the article poses this main question: Under which conditions might peaceful borders enable illicit transnational flows? There is much more variance in the incidence of these illicit transnational flows across borders than in the existence of international peace. The article examines two major variables: the degree of governance and institutional strength of the bordering states; and the prevalent socioeconomic conditions of the bordering states.
CONSTITUIÇÃO, DEMOCRACIA E DIREITOS HUMANOS: UMA ANÁLISE DA TRAJETÓRIA HISTÓRICA DO ESTADO DE DIREITO
Authors: Bedin Gilmar Antonio , Pedron Leves Aline Michele , Zimmermann Rafael
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo contextualiza a trajetória histórica da formação do Estado de Direito. Para tanto, resgata o processo de consolidação do constitucionalismo moderno e sua transformação. Nesse contexto, reflete sobre a passagem do Estado Liberal para o Estado Social e sua crescente democratização. Em seguida, destaca a crescente abertura internacional do constitucionalismo atual e seus vínculos com os direitos humanos. Dito de outra forma, o presente texto tem como problema fundamental a análise da conformação do constitucionalismo moderno e seus vínculos com a democracia e os direitos humanos em seus aspectos nacionais e internacionais. O método utilizado neste trabalho foi o hipotético-dedutivo e a técnica a da pesquisa bibliográfica.
Guerra tecnológica y resignificación de la dignidad humana
Authors: Fernández Yarina Amoroso , García Mayra Bárzaga , Concepción Sunamis Fabelo
Published: December 2020

Se entiende pertinente la consideración de los elementos que son transversales a las TIC por cuanto verifican superposiciones y correlaciones, así como aportan a la visualización de los eventuales conflictos que podrían generarse para la protección de datos personales y a través de este derecho, a la dignidad de las personas. Haciendo foco en la persona y sus derechos se reflexiona acerca de los diversos avances tecnológicos que impactan directamente en la vida de los seres humanos, se aboga por una resignificación de la dignidad humana en su cotidianidad compartida con la tecnología, al tiempo que se reconoce que tal ejercicio se corresponde con una Etica de la Dignidad. La misma debe asumirse desde los Estados,  a todos los individuos y sectores sociales en correspondencia con valores universalmente reconocidos en la Carta de la Naciones Unidas.
TRIBUTAÇÃO APLICADA ÀS CLEANTECHS E PROTEÇÃO DO MEIO AMBIENTE
Authors: Malheiro Débora Renata Salim Ribeiro Pereira , Santiago Mariana Ribeiro , Vita Jonathan Barros
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo visa analisar as novas empresas que surgem com o incremento do desenvolvimento tecnológico, buscando criar novidades para o mercado emergente, mais especificamente as chamadas cleantechs, Startups voltadas para atividades que englobam sustentabilidade. A escolha do tema se justifica pelo grande interesse da população e do governo nas atividades executadas por estas empresas, que agregam significativo valor econômico e social e auxiliam na preservação do meio ambiente. O presente artigo tem por objetivo destacar o regime tributário em que se podem enquadrar as cleantechs, o qual traz facilidades e simplicidade ao seu processo. Nesse sentido, é abordada a relação dos benefícios fiscais com a preservação do meio ambiente, e, após isso, define-se o que é uma cleantech e o direito tributário aplicado à ela, destacando-se o Inova Simples. O método de abordagem utilizado é o dialético jurídico. Em conclusão, entende-se que há várias possibilidades de incentivos tributários, permitidos por lei, que propiciam um estímulo ainda maior a este modelo de atividade.
Subchondral Osteoid Osteoma of a Metatarsal Bone: An Uncommon Variant in an Unusual Location
Authors: Shet Abhishek , Grewal D. S. , Maheshwari Saurabh , Bhanu K. Uday
Published: December 2020

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a benign bone-forming lesion leading to classical symptoms in the form of pain that aggravates during the night and is relieved by the treatment with salicylates. It constitutes 10% of benign skeletal neoplasms and is seen most often in males between the age group of 7 and 25 years. We report a rare case of subchondral OO of a metatarsal bone with unusual imaging features. This case illustrates the limitations of various imaging modalities in the diagnosis of bone tumors and the need for biopsy and histopathological analysis in difficult cases.
Single surgeon experience with minimally invasive supraorbital craniotomy versus bifrontal craniotomy for anterior skull base meningiomas
Authors: Seaman Scott Christopher , Ali Muhammad Salman , Marincovich Anthony , Osorno-Cruz Carlos , Greenlee Jeremy D. W.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Anterior skull base meningiomas (ASBMs) account for about 10% of meningiomas. Bifrontal craniotomy (BFC) represents the traditional transcranial approach to accessing meningiomas in these locations. Supraorbital craniotomy (SOC) provides a minimally invasive subfrontal corridor in select patients. Here, we present our series of ASBM accessed by SOC and BFC by a single surgeon to review decision-making and compare outcomes in both techniques.

Methods:

Thirty-three patients were identified with ASBM. Age, tumor characteristics, presenting symptoms, postoperative complications, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results:

Bifrontal and SOC were performed in 13 and 20 patients, respectively. Mean follow-up time was 98.4 months. Patients undergoing SOC had smaller tumor size, located farther from the posterior table of frontal sinus, had less peritumoral edema, and decreased length of stay compared to patients undergoing BFC. Extent of resection was slightly better with BFC (99.8%) compared to SOC (91.8%), although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Recurrence-free survival and rate of re-do surgeries were not different between two groups. BFC was associated with higher rates of postoperative encephalomalacia.

Conclusion:

SOC provides an excellent surgical option for ASBMs providing comparable extent of resection, minimal manipulation of brain, and excellent cosmetic outcomes for patients. The patient selection is key to maximize the benefits from this approach.
Neck angioedema after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with coexistent epiglottic cyst
Authors: Georgiopoulos Miltiadis , Papadakos Dimitrios , Kraniotis Pantelis , Lygeros Spyridon , Margaritis Vasilios , Karnabatidis Dimitrios , Gatzounis Georgios
Published: December 2020

Background:

We present a case and reviewed the literature regarding airway obstruction and angioedema after an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Case Description:

A 60-year-old female with degenerative cervical myelopathy and a previously undiagnosed epiglottic cyst underwent a C5–C6 ACDF; notably, the anesthesiologist found an epiglottic cyst when the patient was first intubated. Two hours postoperatively, the patient acutely developed severe neck swelling with airway obstruction due to angioedema. She was immediately treated with hydrocortisone and required a tracheostomy. The edema decreased markedly in the next 12 h and by the 3rd postoperative day it resolved. Three months later, she had no residual medical sequelae.

Conclusion:

Patients with epiglottic cysts who need cervical spine surgery should either first have the cyst treated or should be closely monitored postoperatively.
Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2- The Facts That We Know So Far
Authors: Anjali Vashisth  , Gargi Nimbulkar  , Kumar Gaurav Chhabra  , Amit Reche  , Shivani Lanjewar
Published: December 2020

The whole world is under the grip of a pandemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by a newly discovered strain of coronavirus and the name given is SARS-CoV-2. The term 'novel' is used for this virus because researches suggest that its origin is from an animal which was transmitted to a human and now is capable of having transmission from human to human. Symptoms of COVID-19 can be mild to severe. Mortality is high in severe cases. Also, this virus is a serious threat to the elderly and people with other systemic illness. There is no specific protocol provided for its treatment and the treatment primarily focuses on symptomatic relief. Human immune systems have never come across this particular type of strain of virus before. As a result, human body has not developed immunity for it moreover no effective vaccine is developed for it at this point of time. But there is an active strenuous work going on to understand more and more about the interaction of host-pathogen, how does host immunity responses to this virus moreover how this pathogen is able to invade the immune system which can be utilised for the development of a vaccine. As the disease is highly infectious, there is an urgent need for the development of a vaccine. Hence this review aims to summarize the undergoing scientific work and research in progress for the development of vaccine and all the advancement that has come in focus for its development.
ON THE ISSUE OF INSTITUTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL PROCEDURE
Authors: Крусс Ирина Александровна
Published: December 2020

В статье исследуются институты международного гражданского процесса. Определение правового положения иностранных лиц в российском гражданском процессе, установление подсудности по делам, осложненным иностранным элементом, проблемы исполнения судебных поручений иностранных судов и признания и приведения в исполнение иностранных судебных решений, решении арбитражей - вопросы, которые не перестают быть актуальными в настоящее время.

The article examines the institutions of international civil procedure. Questions of the legal status of foreign persons in Russian civil proceedings, regarding the determination of jurisdiction in cases complicated by a foreign element, the procedure for executing court orders of foreign courts and the recognition and enforcement of foreign court decisions do not cease to be relevant.
INTERNAL INCONSISTENCY OF THE CONCEPT OF «TOLERANCE» IN UNITED NATIONS DOCUMENTS: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Кириллов Дмитрий Александрович , Сеченова Екатерина Григорьевна
Published: December 2020

В статье показана взаимосвязь понятия «tolerance» в документах ООН и положения Конституции РФ о приоритете общечеловеческих прав перед правами, обусловленными групповой принадлежностью людей. При этом в документах ООН на русском языке единый подход к переводу «tolerance» отсутствует, что препятствует толкованию Конституции РФ, а потому при анализе понятия «tolerance» нами использованы документы на английском языке. Однако и в них видна явная внутренняя противоречивость, что может указывать на признаки легковесности позиции ООН в отношении самой идеи «tolerance» и ее продвижения. Даются рекомендации по коррекции ситуации.

The article shows the relationship between the concept of «tolerance» in UN documents and the provisions of the Russian Constitution on the priority of universal human rights over rights arising from the group affiliation of people. Notably, UN documents in Russian contain no unified approach to the translation of «tolerance», which impedes the interpretation of the Russian Constitution; therefore, UN documents in English were used to analyze the concept of «tolerance». However, a clear internal contradiction can be observed in these documents as well; this might indicate signs of unacceptable lightness of the UN position in relation to the idea of «tolerance» and its advancement. Recommendations are provided to remedy the situation.
SEPARATE ISSUES OF PROVIDING LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN PROTECTING THE PUBLIC INTEREST
Authors: Андрианов Владимир Михайлович
Published: December 2020

Актуальность исследования обусловлена активизацией на международном уровне деятельности, связанной с защитой коллективных и групповых интересов, о чем свидетельствует целый ряд принятых международных актов. Указанное обстоятельство обусловливает необходимость введения соответствующих механизмов в национальную правовую систему. В статье предпринята попытка обратить внимание на особенности предоставления правовой помощи при защите общественного интереса, опираясь на зарубежный опыт. С учетом анализа научной литературы автор делает вывод, что на доктринальном уровне сформировалось два подхода к пониманию правовой категории «право общественного интереса»: широкий и узкий. Также указывается на необходимость решить ряд вопросов практического характера: определить субъектов, уполномоченных на ее предоставление, включая формы подтверждения их полномочий, а также лиц, имеющих право на ее получение и урегулировать особенности несения судебных расходов.

The relevance of the study is due to the activation at the international level of activities related to the protection of collective and group interests, as evidenced by a number of adopted international acts. This circumstance necessitates the introduction of appropriate mechanisms into the national legal system. The article attempts to draw attention to the specifics of providing legal assistance in protecting public interest, based on foreign experience. Taking into account the analysis of scientific literature, the author concludes that at the doctrinal level, two approaches to understanding the legal category of «public interest law» have been formed: broad and narrow. It also points to the need to resolve a number of practical issues: to determine the entities authorized to provide it, including the forms of confirmation of their powers, as well as persons entitled to receive it and to settle the peculiarities of incurring legal costs.
AFRONTAMIENTO AL ESTRÉS Y BIENESTAR PSICOLÓGICO EN ESTUDIANTES DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA ESTATAL DE LA CIUDAD DE LIMA
Authors: Flores Yanet Canchari
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue hallar la relación entre Afrontamiento al estrés y Bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de una institución educativa estatal de la ciudad de Lima. Se aplicó la Escala de afrontamiento para adolescentes de Fyndenberg y Lewis y la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff y Schmutte a 240 estudiantes. Se halló que existía relación positiva entre el Afrontamiento en relación con los demás y dirigido a Resolver los problemas con los todos factores de Bienestar Psicológico (p<,05), y una relación negativa entre el Afrontamiento no productivo y el factor de Bienestar psicológico: Proyecto de vida (p<,05).  Se concluye que existe relación entre el afrontamiento al estrés y algunos factores de Bienestar Psicológico.
CONSTRUCCIÓN Y PROCESOS PSICOMÉTRICOS DE UNA ESCALA DE ACTITUDES FRENTE AL RECICLAJE EN UNIVERSITARIOS PERUANOS 2020
Authors: Vasquez Alberto Remaycuna
Published: December 2020

La producción de residuos sólidos se incrementa cada día y afecta al ser humano en todas sus dimensiones, frente a esto se considera que el reciclaje ayuda a la optimización de recursos y reduce la contaminación del medio ambiente. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo general establecer los procesos psicométricos en la construcción de una escala de actitudes frente al reciclaje en estudiantes de universidades peruanas- 2020. Fue de tipo aplicada, trasversal y tecnológica, con un diseño instrumental; se empleó una muestra de 394 alumnos de diferentes universidades; el instrumento que se utilizó fue la Escala de Actitudes Frente al Reciclaje. Como resultado se obtuvo una validez de contenido con valores de 1.00; en la validez de constructo se obtuvo un KMO de 0.88, y en la matriz de factor rotado sólo fueron validados 18 ítems de los 26 que fueron en la versión inicial; en la validez convergente se encontraron correlaciones significativas de 0.805, 0.829 y 0.389; la confiabilidad total de Omega fue de 0.93 y en sus dimensiones fue de 0.85, 0.81 y 0.83;   en cuanto a las normas percentilares a nivel general y por factores, se establecieron   cuatro  categorías: bajo, promedio bajo, promedio alto  y alto. En conclusión, se observó que la escala muestra una adecuada validez y confiabilidad en toda su extensión.
论中职英语班主任如何实施德育教育
Authors: 李 雪蜜
Published: December 2020

中职教育工作下德育教育对高素质人才培养有着一定的促进作用，中职英语作为中职教育教学的关键学科，引入德育教育能促进职业教学素质人才培养顺利开展。论文针对中职英语下的德育教育展开探讨。
基于语料库的英语电影名翻译共性研究——以中国港台地区译文为例
Authors: 宋 冰冰
Published: December 2020

论文旨在探究香港和台湾地区英语电影名汉译的语言特征。通过建设两个可比语料库，收录了中国香港和台湾地区的翻译汉语电影名和原创汉语电影名，分别从翻译共性假设的简化、显化和规范化三个层面，描写了港台英语电影名翻译的语言特征，以此来验证它们是否符合翻译共性假设。研究表明，与原创汉语电影名相比，香港地区的翻译英语电影名具有明显的简化、显化、规范化趋势；台湾地区的翻译则并未表现出简化和规范化趋势，只体现出显化趋势。
Integrated Online Learning Module Development Macromedia Flash On Structuring Lessons of Traditional Buns arrangement
Authors: Sarah May , Rahmiati Rahmiati
Published: December 2020

This research aims to analyze and describe the design of online learning modules integrated macromedia flash that is feasible, practical and effective to be used in the lessons of traditional bun arrangement. This research includes a type of development research with the target is students of grade XI SMK Private PAB  Medan. The research data was collected through validation sheets, student response questionnaires as well as tests. Data analysis techniques used are quantitative and qualitative data analysis and t-test. The results obtained: (1)  macromedia flash integrated online learning module developed with 4-D model(define,  design,  develop  and  disseminate),module designed in PDF format with sizeA4 (21 × 29.7 cm) and integrated macromedia flash that can be accessed and downloaded by students online through Google Classroom application; (2) the integrated online learning module  macromedia flash developed has been declared valid and practically used in the learning of traditional bun arrangement; and (3)  The resulting macromedia flash integrated online learning module is also stated to be effective in the learning of traditional bun arrangement and proven from the results of hypothesis testing with t-count  >  t-table value of 3,761  >  2.00 and sig. 0.000 < 0.05.
A função social dos Institutos Federais de Educação:
Authors: Bastos Carla da Silva , Venâncio Geisy Anny , Vieira Junior Niltom
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo visa evidenciar a importância da Pesquisa e da Extensão para o alcance da função social dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFs) e o seu impacto no desenvolvimento local e regional da cidade de Santa Luzia-MG. Para tanto, optou-se por seguir uma abordagem descritiva, de caráter quali-quantitativo, tendo como base, sobretudo, a pesquisa documental, com constante apoio da pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados alcançados apontam que se faz necessário repensar as ações de Pesquisa e Extensão para que a função social dos IFs seja amplamente exercida, junto às atividades de Ensino.
STUDI KERAPATAN MANGROVE DAN PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI TAHUN 1989-2018 DI PESISIR PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Achmad Eva , Nursanti Nursanti , Marwoto  , Fazriyas Fazriyas , Jayanti Dwi Putri
Published: December 2020

The density of mangrove cover is one of the factors that influence changes in shoreline both accretion and abrasion. This study aims to determine the effect of changes in density of mangrove cover on shoreline changes in 1989-2018 in the Coastal Province of Jambi. The method used is the interpretation of Landsat satellite images in 1989, 2000 and 2018 using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and overlaying images to see shoreline changes and DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) to calculate the area of change. The results showed that there had been a change in shoreline both accretion and abrasion in several locations that had different mangrove densities in the period 1989-2018. The results showed that accretion occured in 6 locations with an average change of Kota Sebrang 771 m, Tungkal Ilir 240.65 m, Kuala Betara 153.73 m, Mendahara 167.78 m, Kuala Jambi 169.35 m and Nipah 57.3 m, while abrasion occurs at 2 locations with an average change in Sabak Timur -41.8 m and Sadu -36.55 m. Where in the 6 locations that had accretion, mangrove density dominantly was in a close-densed and moderate state and only a few are in a low-densed condition. Meanwhile, the 2 locations that had abrasion were in a moderate state and have a low density mangrove forest.
Kebiasaan Makanan Belangkas, Tachypleus gigas (Müller 1785) dan Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille 1802) di Perairan Pesisir Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Nuraisah Rani , Aini Naila K , Mashar Ali , Zairion Zairion , Hastuti Yuni P , Funch Peter , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: December 2020

Horseshoe crabs are living fossils found in Indonesia. This study examined the food habit of horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus gigas)  collected from Balikpapan coastal waters, East Kalimantan. Horseshoe crabs were captured using gill nets and picked by hand along the Balikpapan coast. The width of the prosoma and the body weight of each individual were measured, and the gut contents were analysed to determine the preponderance index, food niche breadth, and niche overlap. Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda prosoma widths ranged from 4.1 to 15.4 cm and those of Tachypleus gigas ranged from 2.8 to 24 cm. Eight food items were found in the gut of the horseshoe crabs, namely: bivalves, gastropods, scaphopoda, polychaetes, echinoderms, crustaceans, leaf litter and others. Based on the preponderance index, gastropods were the main food item of the two horseshoe crab species. In accordance to the food composition the horseshoe crabs inhabiting Balikpapan coastal waters are categorized as benthivores.
Preferensi Habitat dan Distribusi Spasial Yuwana Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Perairan Pesisir Lampung Timur, Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Radifa Muhamad , Wardiatno Yusli , Simanjuntak Charles P.H. , Zairion Zairion
Published: December 2020

Information on habitat preferences of the blue swimming crab (BSC) juvenile and its spatial distribution is one of the factors behind the successfulness of its sustainable management. This information is needed to provide input for management strategy by considering juvenile crabs and their habitat as important aspect. The purpose of this study is to elucidate habitat preferences, abundance and biomass distribution of BSC juvenile in the east Lampung coastal waters. The research was conducted in September-October 2018, which was located in east Lampung coastal waters, Province Lampung. Spatial distribution through estimation of abundance and biomass of BSC juvenile  were relatively high and concentrated in the Gambas and Wako regions at stratification of 2-4 miles from the coastline. The BSC juvenile does not appear to have a high preference to the Kuala Penet coastal habitat condition; it is considered because of low value of abundance, biomass, and Habitat suitability index (HSI). The value of HSI in the Kuala Penet Coastal region is also lower than other locations due to abiotic and biotic factors for supporting the crabs at juvenile stage.
Perubahan penggunaan/ tutupan lahan dan prediksi perubahan penggunaan/ tutupan lahan di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
Authors: Adhiatma Rakhman , Widiatmaka  , Iskandar Lubis
Published: December 2020

Land cover/land use is one of factors which is important in land management. The changes of land cover can affect on the polcy in an area. Land cover/land use of South Lampung Regency is potentially changes. Economy, social, and population are factors that affect the change in land cover. The aim of this research were to analyze spatial change of land cover/land use in South Lampung Regency period 2007-2019 and predicting future land cover/landuse of 2031. Analysis was carried out applying Cellular automata markov chain of land cover spatial model. The result showed that Kappa for image classification was 0.86. Dominant land cover type in South Lampung Regency was plantation field of 35.47 – 36.18%. Model validation of 2031 predicted land cover was 0.946, while The types of land cover that increase in 2031 were built up area and paddy field of 96.8% and 86.5%, respectively, while paddy fields, forest, moor, body of water, plantation, shurb were decreasing approximately 16.2, 14.9, 13, 7.7, 4.1 and 1.0%. Paddy field that had the most area of decline as prediction results of 16.2%.
Studi Etnobotoni di Kawasan Kars Bukit Bulan untuk Mendukung Studi Arkeologi
Authors: Puspita Dhanang , Notosoedarmo Soenarto , Fauzi Muhamad Rully
Published: December 2020

Kars Bukit Bulan adalah salah bentang alam yang didominasi batuan gamping yang menyimpan kekayaan alam dan terdapat situs-situs prasejarah. Perlu adanya studi etnobotani dikawasan tersebut guna mendukung riset-riset arkeologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menginvetarisasi flora dan studi etnobotani di kawasan Kars Bukit Bulan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan ekplorasi dan observasi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data 172 tumbuhan hutan, 16 tumbuhan bernilai ekonomi tinggi, 31 tumbuhan untuk seni kriya, 33 tumbuhan untuk konsumsi, 9 tanaman obat, 14 tanaman perkebunan, 8 tanaman pembatas/pagar, dan 15 jenis paku-pakuan. Diharapkan dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat mendukung data temuan arkeologi.