bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning from Nature for Sustainable Solutions in Architecture: Biomimetic Lightweight Structure Designs
Authors: MUTLU AVİNÇ Güneş
Published: September 2023

Recent advances in technology have enabled nature's design principles to be understood and communicated more effectively than ever before. Using nature as a mentor, the biomimetic approach is the practice of generating solutions from nature’s systems, processes and designs to solve human problems. However, although this approach is a new field in architecture, it has the potential to transform the sustainable approach in building design and construction. Hence, this article explores the potential of the biomimetic approach as a source of sustainable solutions for lightweight structures in architecture. In this research, the biomimetic approach, examples of lightweight structures in nature and how they can be applied to lightweight structures are discussed. In this context, “Shell Lace Structure, Trabeculae Pavilion, NonLin/Lin Pavilion, BUGA Fibre Pavilion, livMatS Pavilion, 3D-Printed Pavilion, Tower of Light” projects are examined as biomimetic lightweight building designs in architecture. The examples are analysed in terms of the natural model/system they refer to, the purpose for which they were built and the materials used. The analysed examples show that by learning from nature and applying the principles of nature to the built environment, aesthetic, functional, lightweight and high-strength structures can be designed. As a result, the biomimetic approach offers guiding ideas for architects to design environmentally friendly, sustainable and innovative lightweight structures that can respond to today's problems.
Otogenic Enterobacter cloacae meningitis complicated with pneumocephalus
Authors: Lee Sorae , Kim Sumin , Sunwoo Jun-Sang
Published: September 2023

Pneumocephalus refers to a pathologic collection of gas within the cranial cavity and is mostly caused by head trauma and neurosurgical procedures. Spontaneous nontraumatic pneumocephalus is a very rare condition. We herein report an unusual case of community-acquired bacterial meningitis with a combination of acute otitis media, Enterobacter cloacae, and nontraumatic pneumocephalus. A 75-year-old woman presented with fever, mental change, and neck stiffness. Brain imaging demonstrated pneumocephalus and fluid collection in the left mastoid air cells. E. cloacae was isolated from both blood and otorrhea cultures, and the patient was successfully treated with intravenous ceftazidime for 3 weeks. Although E. cloacae is a very rare cause of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults, it should be considered as a possible pathogen in otogenic meningitis complicated with pneumocephalus.
Trends of Social Hierarchies and Women Empowerment Observed in Literature and Entertainment Industry
Authors: Mittal Isha
Published: September 2023

In the early Vedas, caste was divided into four categories: Brahmins; Kshatriya; Vaishyas; and Shudras. It is interesting to note that Brahmins (the priestly caste) were given a higher position, while Kshatriya (the warrior caste) were given the position of king. This caste structure, along with the long-standing gender inequality, has remained in place throughout history. In this article, we will look at these dynamics through the lens of various Indian and western literary and cinematic texts. It is important to note that many of these texts depict both discrimination as well as moments when these social norms are violated or held in check. Therefore, our goal is not to criticise, but rather to understand the intricate interplay between these themes.
ҚАРЖЫЛЫҚ ЖАҺАНДАНУ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДАҒЫ ӘЛЕМДІК БАНК ЖҮЙЕСІН ДАМЫТУДЫҢ НЕГІЗГІ ТРЕНДТЕРІ
Authors: Б. К. Смаилов  , Д. С. Бекниязова
Published: September 2023

Қазіргі заманғы банк жүйелері белгілі бір экономикалық жүйенің кемшіліктеріне байланысты негізгі қаржылық тәуекелдерді шоғырландырады және дамудың циклдік сипатына ие. Сондықтан белгілі бір елдегі немесе аймақтағы экономикалық және қаржылық дағдарыстар, әдетте, банк жүйесінің дағдарысын тудырады және керісінше. Әр елдің экономикасын дамыту процесі орталығында банк жүйесі орналасқан қаржы нарығының тиімді инфрақұрылымының жұмыс істеу тетігімен тығыз байланысты. Нарықтық қатынастардың табыстылығы мен тиімділігі, қарқынды экономикалық өсуді қамтамасыз ету, елдің әлемдік нарықтардағы халықаралық бәсекеге қабілеттілігінің деңгейін арттыру және оның халқының әл-ауқатының өсу мүмкіндігі көбінесе осы елдің банктерінің әлемдік және Ұлттық банк қызметтері нарығының әртүрлі сегменттерінде қаншалықты тиімді әрекет ете алатындығымен анықталады. Сонымен қатар, Әлемдік Банк нарығын ұйымдастыру мәселелерін зерттеу қажеттілігі жаһандану мен қаржы нарықтарының даму асимметриясының, отандық және әлемдік банк кеңістігіндегі бәсекелестіктің шиеленісуінің әсерінен күшейеді. Қарастырылып отырған зерттеудің мақсаты – әлемдік банк жүйесінің өзара байланысын, сондай-ақ АҚШ пен басқа елдердің банк жүйесіндегі дағдарыстық құбылыстардың Қазақстан Республикасы экономикасының дамуына әсерін белгілеу. Қойылған мақсатқа сәйкес авторлар АҚШ банк саласындағы жағдайға талдау жүргізді, бірқатар АҚШ банктерінің банкроттығының себептері анықталды. Осы оқиғалардың Қазақстан Республикасы экономикасының дамуына әсерін талдау жүргізілді. Мақаланың ғылыми-практикалық маңыздылығы банктік реттеуді жетілдіру жөніндегі шараларды әзірлеуге негіз бола алатын, сондай-ақ банк жүйесінің дағдарысының алғашқы белгілері кезінде олардың Қазақстан Республикасының экономикасына зардаптарының алдын алу кезінде уақтылы іс-қимылдардың негізі бола алатын білім алу болып табылады.
БУХГАЛТЕРСКИЕ ПРОГРАММЫ И СЕРВИСЫ НА КАЗАХСТАНСКОМ РЫНКЕ
Authors: Е. А. Богданова  , Ж. К. Алтайбаева
Published: September 2023

Определено понятие автоматизированной бухгалтерской системы и ее направленности на исполнение необходимых требований. Обоснована необходимость использования бухгалтерских программ при ведении бизнеса. Делается акцент на минимальные требования к автоматизированным бухгалтерским системам которые делают бухгалтерскую программу эффективной. Рассмотрен спектр задач и способы их реализации автоматизированными бухгалтерскими системами. Произведена классификация бухгалтерских систем. Сделан обзор наиболее популярных в Казахстане бухгалтерских программ и сервисов таких как «1C:Бухгалтерия конфигурация для Казахстана», «Бухгалтерия «АЛТЫН», «1С: Фреш». Определены основные преимущества бухгалтерской программы серии «1С: Бухгалтерия», которые делают данный продукт более гибким и эффективным и способствуют лидировать данному продукту на Казахстанском рынке. Второе место по популярности занимает «Компьютерная бухгалтерия «АЛТЫН» которое разработано казахстанским разработчиком ТОО «ИНТЕРКОМПЬЮТЕРСЕРВИС», описан ее функционал и основное отличие актуальное для Казахстана. Рассмотрены наиболее актуальное для современного бизнеса Казахстана облачные технологий автоматизированного бухгалтерского учета которые представлены сервисом «1С: Фреш». Перечислены возможности, преимущества и сделаны акценты на современные технологии, целесообразность и мобильность.
STUDENT AND TEACHER PERSPECTIVES ON INTERDISCIPLINARY STATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: BOLAT Yeliz
Published: September 2023

This study aims to examine the views of students and teachers on the application process of the station technique based on the interdisciplinary approach. A case study method of qualitative research designs was used in the study. The study group was determined by the criterion sampling method of purposeful sampling methods. In this context, the participants consisted of two classroom teachers and 71 third-grade students in two different classes. Semi-structured and structured interview forms and teacher diaries were used as data collection tools. The collected data were analyzed by content analysis. During the application, students were divided into four groups, where they conducted four different activities at four different stations and organized a bulletin with the resulting products. The results suggested that the interdisciplinary station technique contributes to students' cognitive, affective, and kinesthetic learning, enriches the teaching process, enables students to actively participate in the process, makes the lesson enjoyable, and improves students’ ability to cooperate, produce original and creative ideas, design and create products, take responsibility and help each other. However, it requires a lot of labor and time in the preparation phase and problems may arise in classroom management due to the crowded classrooms during the implementation.
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES AND PERCEPTIONS OF E-FEEDBACK TYPES: ONLINE TEACHER FEEDBACK (OTF), ONLINE PEER FEEDBACK (OPF), AND AUTOMATED WRITING EVALUATION FEEDBACK (AWE)
Authors: ÖZKANAL Ümit , EREN GEZEN Emine
Published: September 2023

This study investigated students’ attitudes and perceptions of online teacher feedback (OTF), online peer feedback (OPF), and automated writing evaluation (AWE) feedback and their impact on the writing performance of EFL learners. It was conducted over two semesters with freshman ELT students. The progress writing technique was implemented. Data were collected through a questionnaire with 20 open ended questions administered to the participants, and writing samples were collected at various stages of the writing process and semi-structured interviews with volunteer students. 65 students were involved in the questionnaire and 10 students participated in the interviews. The results showed that the use of OTF, OPF, and AWE feedback all had a positive impact on learners' writing performance in various areas, including grammar, organization, coherence, and vocabulary. Participants reported that they found the e-feedback, especially the one provided by the instructor helpful and that it improved their writing most while the one provided by the peers was not as effective as the others. The study suggests that the use of written e-feedback from multiple sources can be effective in improving EFL learners' writing performance, and that incorporating OTF, OPF, and AWE feedback can be a valuable addition to the traditional writing process.
Collaborative Research in Higher Education
Authors: Dr. Rajshekhar V Hatti  , Dr. Rajeshwari Chanda
Published: September 2023

Today’s global development landscape is evolving at an unprecedented pace. Harnessing the power of partnership is critical to accelerating development progress in the wake of scientific and technological advancements and increased access to information and communication. Partnerships between development actors and academic researchers represent an unparalleled opportunity to leverage the unique capabilities of the higher education community to solve critical global challenges. International higher education partnerships promote shared learning and capacity building in a variety of ways and can have impact at both the institutional and community levels. Collaborative research studies that use cross-country and multidisciplinary partnerships can facilitate a more holistic view of a research question and can help find answers or solutions that respond to local needs. The research conducted under these types of partnerships plays an important role in improving policies, strengthening program implementation, and advancing innovative solutions in the field of development. A few colleges are likewise trying different things with virtual learning spaces and have been without giving courses and learning material on the web. This paper focuses on recent trends in education to promote open science and participatory research, and discusses how key factors necessary for successful collaboration can usefully contribute to the training of future conservation professionals through group work and research-based learning programmes
AVALIAÇÃO DA ACURÁCIA POSICIONAL DE DADOS COLABORATIVOS DO OPENSTREETMAP: EIXOS VIÁRIOS DE BAIRRO NO MUNICÍPIO DE UBERLÂNDIA (MG)
Authors: TEIXEIRA Moisés de Souza , SCHMIDT Marcio Augusto Reolon
Published: September 2023

RESUMO - A crescente atividade voluntária na criação e distribuição de dados geoespaciais tem atraído a atenção de agências oficiais de mapeamento em relação ao uso dos dados oriundos do mapeamento colaborativo na produção de base cartográfica de referência. Entretanto, a qualidade da informação geográfica voluntária é heterogênea, sendo necessário mensurar a qualidade de seus dados. Para esse fim, diversos estudos vem sendo desenvolvidos nas últimas décadas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a acurácia posicional da representação dos eixos viários no OpenStreetMap, comparando-o com o mapeamento de referência, em um dos bairros do município de Uberlândia, MG.  Para a análise de precisão, foram utilizados os critérios do PEC-PCD estabelecidos pelo Decreto nº 89.817, Norma ET-ADGV e Norma ET-CQDG, aplicados em um conjunto de 353 pares de pontos homólogos nos logradouros e eixos de vias do bairro Morumbi. Os resultados mostram que a acurácia posicional dos dados colaborativos para a área de estudo obteve a classe B do PEC-PCD para a escala de 1:10.000, considerada com precisão compatível com o mapeamento para a região, porém abaixo das escalas usuais cadastrais.
ABSTRACT - The growing voluntary activity in the creation and distribution of geospatial data has attracted the attention of official mapping agencies in relation to the use of data from collaborative mapping in the production of a reference cartographic base. However, the quality of voluntary geographic information is heterogeneous, and it is necessary to measure the quality of its data. To this end, several studies have been developed in recent decades. The objective of this article is to analyze the positional accuracy of the representation of road axes in OpenStreetMap, comparing it with the reference mapping, in one of the districts of the municipality of Uberlândia, MG. For the accuracy analysis, the PEC-PCD criteria established by Decree n° 89,817, ET-ADGV Standard and ET-CQDG Standard were used, applied to a set of 353 pairs of homologous points in streets and road axes in the Morumbi neighborhood. The results show that the positional accuracy of the collaborative data for the study area obtained class B of the PEC-PCD for the scale of 1:10,000, considered with precision compatible with the mapping for the region, but below the usual cadastral scales.
Albanian Cinema through the Fall of Communism
Authors: Williams Bruce
Published: September 2023

Albanian cinema truly represents a terra incognita for most of the world. Decidedly Europe’s most isolated country during the Cold War era, communist Albania had already been cut off from the West for centuries as a one of the western-most outposts of the Ottoman empire. Nonetheless, and unknown to most of the world, communist Albania had a vibrant cinema tradition. Although bound by official orthodoxy, the films of the state-run Kinostudio enterprise were surprisingly innovative and, at times, daringly subversive. This book opens with examinations of moving images in Albania from the Ottoman period, through those captured under independence and the Fascist occupation. It subsequently foregrounds transformations in Kinostudio, from the early optimism of socialist realism through the brooding social angst of the 1980s, which constitute a bridge to the socioeconomic concerns of Albanian films of the postcommunist period.
Alt-Tech Topic Modeling Incorporating Atopic Model Selection Strategy
Authors: Rasti Sanaz , Dunne Sarah Anne , Siapera Eugenia
Published: September 2023

The rapid growth of Alt-tech platforms and concerns over their less stringent content moderation policies, make them a good case for opinion mining. This study aims at investigating the topic models that exist in specific Alt-tech channel on Telegram, using data collected in two time points of 2021 and 2023. Three different topic models of LDA, NMF and Contextualized NTM were explored and a model selection procedure was proposed to choose the best performing model among all. To validate the model selection algorithm quantitatively and qualitatively, the approach was tested on publicly available labelled datasets. For all the experiments, data was pre-processed employing an effective NLP pre-processing procedure along with an Alt-tech customised list of stop-words. Using the validated topic model selection algorithm, LDA topics with Ngram range = (4, 4) were extracted from the targeted Alt-tech dataset. The findings from topic models were qualitatively evaluated by a social scientist and are further discussed. The conclusion of the work suggests that the proposed model selection procedure is effective for corresponding corpus length and context. Future work avenues are suggested to improve the outcome of Alt-tech topic modeling.
Enhancing AutoNLP with Fine-Tuned BERT Models: An Evaluation of Text Representation Methods for AutoPyTorch
Authors: Safikhani Parisa , Broneske David
Published: September 2023

Recent advancements in Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) have led to the emergence of Automated Natural Language Processing (AutoNLP), a subfield focused on automating NLP model development. Existing NLP toolkits provide various tools and modules but lack a free AutoNLP version. To this end, architecting the design decisions and tuning knobs of AutoNLP is still essential for enhancing performance in various industries and applications. Therefore, analyzing how different text representation methods affect the performance of AutoML systems is an essential starting point for investigating AutoNLP. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the performance of AutoPyTorch, an open-source AutoML framework with various text representation methods for binary text classification tasks. The novelty of our research lies in investigating the impact of different text representation methods on AutoPyTorch’s performance, which is an essential step toward transforming AutoPyTorch to also support AutoNLP tasks. We conduct experiments on five diverse datasets to evaluate the performance of both contextual and noncontextual text representation methods, including onehot encoding, BERT (base uncased), fine-tuned BERT, LSA, and a method with no explicit text representation. Our results reveal that, depending on the tasks, different text representation methods may be the most suitable for extracting features to build a model with AutoPyTorch. Furthermore, the results indicate that fine-tuned BERT models consistently outperform other text representation methods across all tasks. However, during the fine-tuning process, the finetuned model had the advantage of benefiting from labels. Hence, these findings support the notion that integrating fine-tuned models or a model fine-tuned on open source large dataset, including all binary text classification tasks as text representation methods in AutoPyTorch, is a reasonable step toward developing AutoPyTorch for NLP tasks.
Dealing with Negative Samples with Multi-Task Learning on Span-Based Joint Entity-Relation Extraction
Authors: Lu Jiamin , Xue Chenguang
Published: September 2023

Recent span-based joint extraction models have demonstrated significant advantages in both entity recognition and relation extraction. These models treat text spans as candidate entities, and span pairs as candidate relationship tuples, achieving state-of-the-art results on datasets like ADE. However, these models encounter a significant number of non-entity spans or irrelevant span pairs during the tasks, impairing model performance significantly. To address this issue, this paper introduces a span-based multitask entity-relation joint extraction model. This approach employs the multitask learning to alleviate the impact of negative samples on entity and relation classifiers. Additionally, we leverage the Intersection over Union(IoU) concept to introduce the positional information into the entity classifier, achieving a span boundary detection. Furthermore, by incorporating the entity Logits predicted by the entity classifier into the embedded representation of entity pairs, the semantic input for the relation classifier is enriched. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed SpERT.MT model can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of excessive negative samples on the model performance. Furthermore, the model demonstrated commendable F1 scores of 73.61%, 53.72%, and 83.72% on three widely employed public datasets, namely CoNLL04, SciERC, and ADE, respectively.
Trend Surfing: Effective and Efficient Retrieval of Unusual Temporal Trends
Authors: Ao Jing , Schatz Kara , Chirkova Rada
Published: September 2023

Locating unusual temporal trends in data cubes is a recurrent task in a variety of application domains. We consider a version of this problem in which one looks for the data dimensions that are best correlated with the given unusual temporal trends. Our goal is to make such data-cube navigation in search of unusual temporal trends both effective and efficient. Challenges in achieving this goal arise from the rarity of the trends to be located, as well as from the combinatorics involved in locating in data cubes nodes with unusual trends. We show that exhaustive solutions are worst-case intractable, and introduce tractable heuristic algorithms that enable effective and efficient data-cube navigation in a particular manner that we call trend surfing. We report the results of testing the proposed algorithms on three real-life data sets; these results showcase the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithms against the exhaustive baseline.
N-Gram-Based Serbian Text Classification
Authors: Prvulović Petar , Radosavljević Nemanja , Vujošević Dušan , Nagamalai Dhinaharan , Vasiljević Jelena
Published: September 2023

Natural language processing is an active area of research which finds many applications in variety of fields. Low-resource languages are a challenge as they lack curated datasets, stemmers and other elements used in text processing. Statistical approach is an alternative which can be used to bypass lack of rule-based implementations. The paper presents a model for classification of unstructured text in Serbian language. The model uses n-gram-based stemming to create document attributes vectors. Vectors are created on 3-, 4- and 5-grams. Vector reduction is tested on two criteria: n-gram entropy and number of occurrences, and two lengths: 1000 and 2000 n-grams. The support vector machine is used to classify documents. The model is trained and tested on a dataset collected from a Serbian news portal. Classification accuracy of over 80% is achieved. The presented model provides a good basis for range of applications in business decision automation for low-resource languages.
ImbGAFS: GA Feature Selection for AUC in Bird Strike Prediction
Authors: Putrada Aji Gautama , Prabowo Sidik
Published: September 2023

Several studies discuss airplane failure prediction due to bird strikes. However, these studies need to analyze further the imbalance in their dataset. Our research aim is to create an airplane failure prediction by bird strike using a machine learning method optimized using GA feature selection. GA feature selection uses AUC maximization as the objective function to tackle imbalance problems in the bird strike dataset. First, we obtained the airplane bird strike dataset from Kaggle. We carry out preprocessing on the dataset.We then compared and chose one of four stateof-the-art machine learning methods: SVM, MLP, logistic regression, and random forest. The selection process involves oversampling methods, synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), and optimum threshold selection, which involves geometric mean (g- mean) and area under curve (AUC) values. Finally, we optimize airplane failure prediction by performing AUC maximization using GA feature selection. Our test results show that random forest is the best machinelearning method in airplane failure prediction compared to SVM, logistic regression, and MLP. SMOTE can increase random forest AUC from 0.845 to 0.878. Finally, the random forest model from ImbGAFS is better than the conventional method without feature selection. The increase in the AUC value is from 0.878 to 0.889. Then, after carrying out optimal threshold selection, ImbGAFS+random forest also has better sensitivity, specificity, and g-mean than conventional methods. The increase is from 0.7737, 0.8350, and 0.8037 to 0.8033, 0.8301, and 0.8166, respectively.
Thembili Pol Mal (Cocos Nucifera Var Aurantiaca Flower) Swarasa Against Menorrhagia (Rakta Pradara)-Review
Authors: Sewwandi Samaranayaka Liyanage Gayani , Vidhyajini Rajendran Vladimir , Rupasinghe Singappuli Arachchige Madushi Randika
Published: September 2023

Menorrhagia is cyclical bleeding that occurs at regular intervals but is excessive in quantity or length. Rather than being brought on by an ovarian disorder, these disorders typically affect the uterus and its vascular system. It happens when the endometrium’s area—the bleeding surface—increases. It is related to Rakta Pradara, in accordance with Ayurveda. Because molecular medicine has fewer side effects, the use of herbal medicine in the treatment of menorrhagia has increased. Rakta Pradara is frequently treated with the traditional drug Cocos nucifera var aurantiaca. OBJECTIVE- To use Cocos nucifera var aurantiaca Swarasa as a natural cure to treat menorrhagia in women while avoiding the difficulties that can result from using molecular therapy. METHODOLOGY: Data were gathered from published articles, online databases, and Ayurvedic literature. A survey of the literature was done on that flower Swarasa and then examined for its Pancha Padārtha (5 elements of herb) and pharmacological qualities regarding in the management of menorrhagia. RESULTS: According to literature review Cocos nucifera var aurantiaca flower reveals the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols phytosterols anthraquinones and saponins. Ayurvedic Pancha Padārtha study has revealed that selected flower Swarasa has anti-inflammatory qualities because of their compatibility with anti-fibrinolytic and analgesic properties. According to the literature review selected flower Swarasa is useful in the treatment of menorrhagia.
Urgensi Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Narkotika
Authors: Dian Tetuko Andika
Published: September 2023

Efektivitas dari berlakukanya Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika sangat bergantung pada seluruh jajaran penegak hukum. Namun, disisi lain hal terpenting adalah kesadaran hukum dari seluruh lapisan masyarakat dalam penegakkan hukum pada Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika serta Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 2081K/Pid.Sus.2016, yang secara tidak langsung mewajibkan tindakan penggeledahan dalam kasus narkotika bertujuan untuk mendapatkan barang bukti, dengan didampingi oleh saksi orang lain selain polisi yaitu masyarakat. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut disini penulis ingin meneliti tentang urgensi partisipasi masyarakat dalam penanggulangan tindak pidana narkotika. Penulisan ini menggunakan tipe penelitian hukum normatif. Metode penelitian hukum normatif dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan hukum sekunder sebagai bahan dasar untuk diteliti dengan cara melakukan penelusuran terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur dan pendapat para sarjana yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peran masyarakat dalam upaya pencegahan tindak pidana narkotika yang sangat dibutuhkan bagi penegak hukum guna memberikan informasi dalam pencegahan tindak pidana narkotika untuk mencapai kesejahteraan bagi seluruh rakyat indonesia, serta hal ini sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 131 Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika yang intinya masyarakat wajib membantu membagi informasi jika adanya dugaan suatu tindak pidana narkotika, serta bentuk perlindungan hukum bagi saksi/pelapor berdasarkan Pasal 5 Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban bahwa saksi dan korban.
Comparative evaluation of methods to measure blood loss after heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Osipenko D. V. , Skarakhodau A. A. , Hryharovich A. Y. , Marochkov A. V.
Published: September 2023

Objective. To perform a comparative analysis of three methods for assessing blood loss (gravimetric, hemoglobin dilution, hemoglobin balance) in patients with heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CB).Materials and methods. The study involved 35 patients over the age of 18 who underwent heart surgery under CB. The volume of blood loss was assessed by the gravimetric method and compared with the blood loss volume calculated by hemoglobin dilution and hemoglobin balance methods.Results. After the patient was admitted from the operating room to the intensive care unit, the blood loss calculated by the hemoglobin dilution method did not differ from the blood loss measured by the gravimetric method. After 12-18 hrs after surgery, the blood loss calculated by hemoglobin dilution and hemoglobin balance methods did not differ from the blood loss measured gravimetrically. After 36-42 hrs after surgery, blood loss calculated by hemoglobin dilution and hemoglobin balance formulas was statistically significantly different from that measured by gravimetric method.Conclusion. The blood loss calculated by the hemoglobin dilution method corresponds to the blood loss measured by gravimetric method at the stages “admission from the operating room” and “12-18 hours after surgery”. The volume of blood calculated by the method of hemoglobin balance at the stage “12-18 hours after surgery” corresponds to the volume of blood measured by gravimetric method. All of the above calculation methods at the stage of the study “36-42 hours after surgery” cannot be recommended for calculating the volume of blood loss after heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Regional features of vitamin D content in the body of newborns and children of the first year of life
Authors: Kozlovsky A. A. , Kozlovsky D. A.
Published: September 2023

Objective. To assess the vitamin D availability of newborn babies, nursing mothers and children of the first year of life living in various regions of Belarus.Materials and methods. 114 children were examined. Group I included 31 newborns from Gomel, group II — 40 newborns living in Minsk, group III — 43 children — were infants (1–12 months) from Gomel. Mothers of group I children (31 women) were also additionally examined. To assess vitamin D availability, we determined the level of 25 (OH) D - the main metabolite of vitamin D.Results. In newborns of group I a low vitamin D content was found. Normal vitamin D content was not detected in any child. The average content level is 25(OH)D in the blood serum of mothers of newborns was significantly higher than in their children. The absolute majority of mothers had vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, regardless of taking preventive doses of vitamin D. In newborn children of group II, the average content level is 25(OH)D was higher than in group I. In children of group II, 25(OH)D deficiency was statistically more common. In group III, the normal vitamin D content was detected only in 62,8 % of children.Conclusion. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been established in newborn children and their mothers both in Gomel and Minsk. The administration of vitamin D in the first year of a child’s life in a preventive dose does not allow in 37.2% of cases to ensure its optimal level in the blood serum. Taking vitamin D by pregnant women for prophylactic purposes does not allow to ensure an optimal level of 25 (OH)D more than 30 ng/ml in a newborn baby. It is necessary to carry out comprehensive diagnostic, preventive and corrective measures to eliminate vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency.
Relationship between the assessment of violent actions and the manifestations of personal characteristics in alcohol-dependent individuals
Authors: Grigorieva I. V. , Khajayeu A. V. , Igumnov S. A. , Kononov S. S.
Published: September 2023

Objective. To determine the relationship between violent acts and personality characteristics in alcohol dependent individuals.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the penitentiary system. It involved 295 men with alcohol dependence syndrome (F10.2) aged from 21 to 60 years, with an average age of 40.7 ± 8.9 years and an average alcohol intake of 13.5 years. During the study, patients with alcohol dependence syndrome were divided into three groups. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: the technique “Types of aggressiveness” developed by L. G. Pochebut (2012), the questionnaire “Style of self-regulation of behavior” (SSP-98), the test-questionnaire “Study of volitional self-regulation”, the questionnaire for the study of stages of psychotherapy “URICA” and others. Statistical analysis was carried out using the program SPSS 19.0. Spearman’s R-criterion and Mann-Whitney U-criterion were used.Results. The revealed high level of the final HCR-20 score in all three groups under study indicates a significant risk of committing violent acts, low adaptive capabilities and reduced stress tolerance of alcohol-dependent persons. The revealed average level of tolerance showed that personality traits, attitudes and beliefs of alcohol-dependent persons to a great extent determine their ambivalent attitude to the surrounding world with a combination of both tolerant and intolerant traits.The existing dual causal relationship between alcohol intake and stress manifestation shows that excessive stress increases the risk of alcohol-related problems, alcohol abuse in turn causes significant alcohol distress.Conclusions. The risk of violent acts in persons with alcohol dependence syndrome depends on the severity of such personality characteristics as aggressiveness and emotional excitability, low stress resistance, intolerance, and decreased ability to volitional self-regulation.
The effect of γ-irradiation at a dose of 1 Gy on the adenylate- and guanylate cyclase systems of rat platelets at different times of the post-radiation period
Authors: Parkhimovich V. G. , Bichan V. D. , Bulanova C. Ya.
Published: September 2023

Objective. To study the effect of total γ-irradiation of the organism of rats at a dose of 1 Gy on the adenylate- and guanylate cyclase systems and their relationship with Ca2+ levels in the platelet cytoplasm.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on outbred white male rats of mature age (6-7 months) weighing 250±30 g. Animals were irradiated (once and evenly) on the IGUR unit with 137Сs γ-quanta at a dose of 1 Gy (dose rate 0.62 Gy/min, for 1.61 min). Animals of the corresponding age served as controls. To determine the content of cyclic nucleotides, RIO cAMP/cGMP-iodine125-M-IBOX reagent kits were used. The amount of calcium in platelets was determined using a Fura-2/AM fluorescent probe using spectrofluorimeter SM 2203 “SOLAR” (Minsk, Belarus).Results. In the short period after irradiation, an increase in the activity of the adenylate cyclase system is observed. The cAMP level rises 1.8-1.5 times during 3-30 days of the post-radiation period. However, the increase in [Ca2+]cyt on the 3rd day after irradiation leads to its predominance by 1.8 times in relation to cAMP, which explains the appearance of an increased aggregation activity of the blood platelets in the immediate post-radiation period. An increase in the activity of the guanylate cyclase system and an increase in the intracellular content of cGMP are observed on the 90th day, which leads to a decrease in the Ca2+/cGMP ratio by 1.83 times and corresponds to a reduced platelet aggregation activity and the probability of bleeding in the long term of the rehabilitation period.Conclusion. The effects of radiation on the platelets of rats irradiated at a dose of 1 Gy are due to systemic disorders of the main intracellular regulatory mechanisms: Ca2+, cAMP, cGMP. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that pharmacological correction in the short-term after irradiation should be aimed at inhibiting the effects of [Ca2+]cyt and adenylate cyclase system activity, and in the long-term, at inhibition of guanylate cyclase system activity.
Bir Gazelinden Hareketle Ahmedî’nin Şiirlerinde “Varlık” Anlayışı
Authors: KUZU Fettah
Published: September 2023

Klasik Türk edebiyatı sahasında kaleme alınan eserlerde, tasavvuf ile ilgili olarak en fazla üzerinde durulan meselelerden biri “vahdet-i vücûd” öğretisidir. İbn Arabî, varlık ile ilgili mülahazaları üzerine kaleme aldığı eserlerinde, biri mutlak olarak Hak ve diğeri Hakk’ın farklı tecelli veya taayyün suretleri olarak tanımladığı izafi olmak üzere iki farklı varlık alanı belirlemekte ve bu iki alandan ikincisinin ancak birinciye bağlı olarak var olduğundan bahsetmektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle varlık tektir ve Hak olarak tanımlanır. Arabî, bu anlayışı ifade etmek için varlığın birliği veya varlıkta birlik anlamında “vahdet-i vücûd” ibaresini kullanmaktadır. Arabî’nin varlık üzerine ortaya koymuş olduğu hususlar, bazen didaktik bir tarzda aleni olarak bazen de daha sembolik biçimde ve nispeten örtük olarak klasik Türk edebiyatı sahası şair ve nâsirlerinin eserlerinde hemen her dönemde hissedilir biçimde yer almıştır.

14. yüzyılın önemli ve üretken sanatkârlarından olan ve meydana getirdiği çok sayıda eser ile Türk edebiyat tarihinde haklı bir şöhrete sahip olan Ahmedî de şiirlerinde sıklıkla tasavvuf konularından “vahdet-i vücûd” ile ilgili hususları işlemiştir. Gerek Dîvânı’ndaki manzumelerinde gerekse İskendernâme adlı mesnevisinde varlık ile ilgili detaylı değerlendirmelere yer vermiş, İslam dininin ve özelde tasavvuf sisteminin varlık ile ilgili görüş ve öğretilerini konu ile ilgili terminolojiye sadık kalarak açıklamaya gayret etmiştir. Özellikle İbn Arabî ve başta Sadreddin Konevî, Abdurrezzak Kâşânî, Aziz Nesefî ve Abdurrahman Câmî olmak üzere takipçileri tarafından sistemleştirilen “vahdet-i vücûd” anlayışı çerçevesinde Hak, varlık ve insan arasındaki ontolojik ilişkileri şiir formunda okurlarına sunmak suretiyle tasavvufa ait meselelerin anlaşılması ve benimsenmesi noktasında ciddi katkılar sunmuştur.

Bu çalışmada, klasik Türk edebiyatında varlık anlayışının edebî olarak ele alınışı, Ahmedî’nin, tasavvuf ve “vahdet-i vücûd” ile ilgili mülahazalarının yer aldığı bir gazelinin tahlili vasıtasıyla izah edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Historia Kavramı ve Antikitede Efsaneye Dayalı Tarih Anlayışı
Authors: EFE Aydın , GÖZLÜ Ahmet
Published: September 2023

Historia yani tarih teriminin ve gerçek manada tarih yazımının kökenleri Antik Yunan’a uzanmaktadır. Antik Yunan’da çoğunlukla Herodotos ile başlatılan ve yazılı belgelere dayanan tarih anlayışından önce efsane geleneğine bağlı bir tarih anlatımı görülmekteydi. Efsaneye bağlı tarih geleneği yazının olmadığı ve sözlü anlatıların yaygın olduğu erken dönemlerde ortaya çıkmıştır. Tarihsel bir referans olarak da değerlendirilebilen efsanevi geleneğin en önemli temsilcisi mitlerdir. Mit ya da mitoslar, insanın evrene ve ilahi olana düzen atfetme çabalarının ilk örnekleridir. Çoğunlukla bir anlam arayışının ürünü olan mitler evrenin oluşumu, tanrıların kökeni ve tabiat olaylarının anlamlandırılması çabasından doğmuştur. İnsanlığın en eski anlatıları olan mitler yalnızca kurgu veya fantastik bir öykü olarak görülmemelidir. Çünkü tarih yazımı mitten doğmuştur ve mitler tarihi bir değeri olan en eski kaynaklardır. Antik Yunan’da efsaneye dayalı tarih anlayışının en önemli temsilcileri Homeros, Hesiodos ve Pindaros’tur. Homeros ve Hesiodos tarihsel ve kültürel gerçekleri mitik bir perspektifle ele alan en önemli düşünürlerdir. Pindaros ise bilimsel tarihe geçiş sürecinin bir ön hazırlayıcısı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu geçiş sürecini tamamlayan ve efsane kökenli tarih geleneğini tamamıyla değiştirenler ise Heredotos ve Thukydides’tir.
Ali Şir Nevayi’nin Mesnevilerindeki Zincirleme İsim Tamlaması Yapısı
Authors: SAWALHA Malek
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmada Ali Şir Nevayi’nin 15. yüzyılda kaleme aldığı hamsesindeki ilk bin beyit zincirleme isim tamlaması bakımından incelenmiştir. Çağatay edebiyatının temellerini geliştiren, Çağatay Türkçesini zirveye ulaştıran Nevayi, mesnevilerde kurduğu zincirleme isim tamlaması yapıları bakımından kendi yüksek sanatkârlığı ve yazma yeteneğindeki üstünlüğünü bir daha göstermiştir. Zincirleme isim tamlaması Türkiye Türkçesinde her ne kadar tartışmalı bir konu olsa da bazı dilciler konuyu detaylı şekilde ele almış, bazıları da bilhassa zincirleme isim tamlamasını genel isim tamlaması grubunun çeşitlerinden saymayarak ilgi dışı bırakmış ve kulağa hoş gelmeyen bir anlatım bozukluğu olarak görmüşlerdir. Esas itibarıyla zincirleme isim tamlaması yeni bir anlam ortaya çıkararak Türk dilinin zenginliğini ve ifade kabiliyetinin çeşitliliğini göstermektedir. Nevayi’nin kurduğu zincirleme isim tamlaması yapılarıyla hareket ederek; aynı cümle içinde ilgi hâli ekinin tekrarlanması ve bu ilgi hâli ekinin bir sonraki unsurla bağlanması bir zincirleme isim tamlaması teşkil etmektedir. Günümüz Türkçesiyle olduğu gibi Nevayi’nin beyitlerinde de zincirleme isim tamlamasının yapısındaki tamlayan veya tamlananın bir kelime ya da bir kelime grubu olabilme ihtimali vardır. Çalışmamızda, Ali Şir Nevayi’nin hamsesindeki her bir mesnevinin ilk bin beytinde tespit edilen zincirleme isim tamlaması yapıları incelenmiştir.
Kutadgu Bilig’de Odgurmış’a Söylenen Ağıt
Authors: ADIYAMAN Ceyda
Published: September 2023

Toplumsal, kültürel ve tarihsel bir olgu olarak ölüm insan yaşamında merkezi bir rol oynar. Farklı din, inanç ve dönemlere göre değişiklik gösteren ölüm ve sonrası uygulamalar çeşitli edebî türlerin ortaya çıkmasına kaynaklık etmiştir. Ölümün Kutadgu Bilig’in kurgusal iki ana kahramandan Aytoldı ve Odgurmış’ın ölümüyle ana olay akışında yer alması eserde ölüm temasının işlendiği bir edebî türün olup olmadığının araştırılmasına yol açmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak bu incelemenin amacı ölüm konusunun işlendiği sagu, ağıt, mersiye gibi edebî bir türün Kutadgu Bilig’de bulunup bulunmadığını, varsa bu türün biçim ve içerik özelliklerinin ve edebî bakımdan değerinin, işlevinin ne olduğunu; diğer yandan Kutadgu Bilig’de var olan ölüme bağlı türün bir örneğini ve tarihi temellerini belirleyip dünle bugün arasında köprü kurarak alana katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda incelemede karşılaştırmalı eş zamanlı, gerekli görüldüğü durumlarda art zamanlı bir yöntem izlenerek Türk halk edebiyatında saguları, ağıtları ele alan incelemeler ve klasik Türk edebiyatında mersiyeler ile ilgili çalışmalar etrafında Kutadgu Bilig’deki ilgili beyitlerin söz konusu türler ile benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ilk ve en eski tür olduğu düşünülen ve pek çok araştırmanın konusu olmuş, tarihsel süreç içinde değişen yapısına rağmen geleneğin devamını sağlayan bir edebî ürün olarak varlığını sürdüren ağıt geleneği içinde Kutadgu Bilig’deki ilgili beyitler değerlendirilerek çeşitli yayımlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Kutadgu Bilig’in vezni ve beyit sayısı üzerine olan görüşler ele alınmış; eserin klasik Türk edebiyatı nazım biçimiyle ve vezniyle yazılmış olmasına karşın farklı biçim ve türleri barındıran yapısına değinilerek içerisinde yer alan ağıtın dil, üslup ve yapısal özellikleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylece Kutadgu Bilig’deki ağıtın hangi ortamda, ne sebeple, ne şekilde ve ne zaman, nasıl söylendiği; ağıtın kim için kim tarafından yakıldığı, bu ağıtın yapısı, geleneğin aktarımında toplumsal ve kültürel belleğin taşıyıcısı ve yazılı kültürdeki sözlü kültür ögelerinden biri olarak ağıtın rolü belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Irmak Zileli’nin Romanlarında Annelik
Authors: OKTAY Gülçin
Published: September 2023

Annelik, bir kadının hayatını değiştiren dönüm noktalarından biridir. Biyolojik bir süreç gibi görünmekle birlikte annelik, kadının psikolojik durumunu da etkiler. Yüzyıllar boyunca “kutsallık” üzerinden tanımlanan annelik, son yıllarda çeşitli tartışmaların odağındadır. Buna göre; en çok dillendirilen sorular anneliğin içgüdüsel olup olmadığı ve her kadının anne olmayı isteyip istemediğidir. Bu soruların cevabı kişiden kişiye değişmekle birlikte son yıllarda kadınlar lehine bir tablo ile karşılaşmaktayız. Kadınlar artık anneliği içgüdüsel, dinî bir görev veya soyun devamlılığı dayatması üzerinden görmemekte bunu bir “tercih” üzerinden okumaktadırlar. Özellikle doğum kontrol yöntemlerinin yaygınlık kazanması ve kadınların iş hayatına katılarak ekonomik özgürlüklerini ele almaları bunu kolaylaştırmıştır. Avrupa’da ve Amerika’da “childfree” kavramı üzerinden tanımlanan bu durum, gönüllü olarak çocuk sahibi olmamayı ve çocuksuzluğu bir tercih olarak görmeyi ifade eder. Türkiye’de ise çocuk sahibi olmanın bir tercih üzerinden konuşulması yaygın olmamakla birlikte son yıllarda artmaktadır. Edebiyat metinleri de kadınların hayatını meşgul eden böyle bir meseleye kayıtsız değildir. Anne, anne olmak ve çocuk; uzun zamandır edebiyat eserlerinde yer verilen bir konuyken son dönemlerde anne olmama kararı da edebiyat eserlerine konu olur. Bu eserlerden biri de Irmak Zileli’nin 2014 yılında yayımlanan Gözlerini Kaçırma romanıdır. Zileli, anneliği bir tercih üzerinden değerlendirirken çeşitli anne örnekleri üzerinden de konunun sorunlu yanlarına değinir. Üstelik Irmak Zileli sadece bu romanında değil diğer romanlarında da annelik, anne olma, anne-kız ilişkisi gibi meselelere odaklanır. Bu makalede de annelik kavramı, anneliğin edebî eserlere yansıması irdelenecek ve Irmak Zileli’nin romanları üzerinden gelinen nokta hakkında çıkarım yapılacaktır.
Saha (Yakut) Masalı “Ucurğay Baatır” Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ÇOLAK Doğan , BAYRAKDARLAR Tuğba
Published: September 2023

Şifahi halk edebiyatı ürünleri içerisinde taşıdığı zengin motifler ve kültürel kodlar aracılığıyla ait olduğu toplumun inanç sistemine, hayat felsefesine ve dünya görüşüne ayna tutan masallar, geçmişten günümüze yapısal açıdan farklılaşma ve değişkenlik gösterse de içerik açısından sembollerle örülü dokusunu büyük oranda koruyan bir anlatı türüdür. Bu yönüyle masalların araştırmacılar tarafından dil, folklor, felsefe, sosyoloji ve psikoloji gibi çeşitli alanlarda müstakil olarak detaylıca analiz edilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Türk Dünyası masal araştırmalarına katkı sağlamak amacıyla hazırlanan bu çalışmada Nikolay Gavriloviç Yakutskay’ın Ostuoruyalar, Nomoxtor, Kepseenner, Sehen eserinden seçilen Ucurğay Baatır adlı Saha (Yakut) masalı üzerinden yapısal ve anlamsal bir inceleme yapılmıştır. İki ana bölümden oluşan bu incelemenin birinci bölümünde masalın motif ve formel yapı unsurları değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise masalda tespit edilen ve olay örgüsünün şekillenmesinde rol oynayan kayın ağacı, kartal, yılan, yaşlı bilge Seerkeen Sehen ve demirin mitolojik anlamından hareketle çözümlemesi yapılarak bu mitik unsurların Saha Türklerinin toplumsal belleğindeki yansımaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Motif yönünden zengin, kalıp sözler bakımdan zayıf kalan masalın mitolojik unsurlarının ise metnin kurgusunda önemli rol oynadığı, Türk mitolojisindeki anlam karşılıklarının korunup yaşatıldığı görülmüştür.