bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Evaluation of Electronic Health Records (EHR) to Predict Poor Control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care: A Novel Approach to Focus Our Efforts
Authors: Navarro Ros Fernando M. , Maya Viejo José David
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Managing chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) within the Spanish Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) presents significant challenges, particularly due to their high prevalence and poor disease control rates—approximately 45.1% for asthma and 63.2% for COPD. This study aims to develop a novel predictive model using Electronic Health Records (EHR) to estimate the likelihood of poor disease control in these patients, thereby enabling more efficient management in primary care settings. Methods: The Seleida project employed a bioinformatics approach to identify significant clinical variables from EHR data in primary care centers in Seville and Valencia. Statistically significant variables were incorporated into a logistic regression model to predict poor disease control in patients with asthma and COPD patients. Key variables included the number of short-acting β-agonist (SABA) and short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) canisters, prednisone courses, and antibiotic courses over the past year. Results: The developed model demonstrated high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in predicting poorly controlled disease in both asthma and COPD patients. These findings suggest that the model could serve as a valuable tool for the early identification of at-risk patients, allowing healthcare providers to prioritize and optimize resource allocation in primary care settings. Conclusions: Integrating this predictive model into primary care practice could enhance the proactive management of asthma and COPD, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden on healthcare systems. Further validation in diverse clinical settings is warranted to confirm the model's efficacy and generalizability.
Leveraging Innovation Capability and Organizational Resilience to Business Sustainability Among Small and Medium Enterprises: A PLS-SEM Approach
Authors: Olaleye Banji Rildwan , Lekunze Joseph Nembo , Sekhampu Tsediso Joseph , Khumalo Ntseliseng , Ayeni Adebanji Adejuwon William
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of innovation capability on business sustainability in Nigerian small and medium enterprises (SMEs), as well as consider the effects of organizational resilience, sustainable competitive advantage, and environmental dynamism as mediators in succession. The researchers adopted a quantitative approach and collected data from 401 employees in SMEs in the Lagos Metropolitan Area of Nigeria. We conducted the analysis of the collected data using the partial least squares approach (PLS-SEM). The researcher established that innovation capabilities are beneficial in ensuring business sustainability. Findings further corroborated the importance of sustainable competitive advantage and environmental dynamism for business sustainability. Finally, the results showed that environmental dynamism is important for helping small business owners keep their businesses sustained and increase their innovation capabilities. Similarly, the indirect paths also showed that resilience organizations like SMEs play a role in the paradigm. However, businesses can benefit from this study's findings by crafting strategies that adapt more quickly to changing market dynamics and capitalize on emerging possibilities. This way, businesses may take the necessary measures to stay ahead of the competition while guaranteeing sustainability. Even though the heuristic model emphasizes originality, current research on how to successfully link innovative capacity to sustainability and build sustainability in dynamic environments is sparse.
Importance of Lactobacilli for Human Health
Authors: Heczko Piotr B. , Giemza Milena , Ponikiewska Weronika , Strus Magdalena
Published: September 2024

As an extraordinarily diverse group of bacteria, lactobacilli are now placed in several genera which names still contain “lactobacillus” in their core. Despite the names, this group of the lactic acid bacteria comprises microorganisms which are very important for our life especially in early development of the human microbiota and immune system. The interactions of the lactobacilli with elements of the mucosal immunity leads to its shaping and development, which is recognized as a potential driving force in the evolution of the human immune system. Although most of the evidence supporting the idea of the leading role of lactobacilli in housekeeping of the human health derives from articles on probiotics aiming to elucidate mechanisms of their functional activities and studies on mucosal immunity on germ-free mice, it is justifiable to extend observations on properties of the individual probiotic Lactobacillus related to health benefits onto other strains sharing common characteristic of the species. In this review, we will discuss acquisition, presence and functions of lactobacilli in different human microbiota throughout the whole life including those arising in amnion and their interactions with mucosal and immune cells. Examples of immune system modulation by probiotic lactobacilli due to competition for available nutrients in the colon, colonization site interference, and competition for binding sites on gut epithelial cells, production of bacteriocin, lowering of colonic pH, and nonspecific stimulation of the immune system will be shown.
Synthesis of Comic-Style Portraits Using Combination of CycleGAN and Pix2Pix
Authors: Chen Yen-Chia , Shibata Hiroki , Chen Lieu-Hen , Takama Yasufumi
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a system for converting face photos into portraits with specific charcoal sketch-like style. NPR (non-photorealistic rendering) for converting real photo images into anime-style images have been studied. Its promising application is the creation of users’ portraits on social networks for preventing leaks of personal information. An image-to-image transformation using GAN (Generative Adversarial Network), such as CycleGAN or Pix2Pix, is expected to be used for this goal. However, it is difficult to generate portraits with specific comic styles that satisfy two conditions at the same time: preserving photorealistic features and reproducing the comic styles. For example, replacing too many photorealistic features on the face with comic style will destroy users’ identity, such as eyes shape. To solve this problem, the proposed system combines CycleGAN and Pix2Pix. CycleGAN is used to generate paired examples for Pix2Pix and Pix2Pix learns photo-to-comic transformation. To further emphasize a comic style, this paper also proposes two extensions, which divides face images into several parts such as hair and eye parts. The quality of generated images are evaluated with questionnaire by 50 answerers. The results show that the images generated by the proposed system are highly evaluated than the images generated by CycleGAN in terms of preserving the features in a photo and reproducing a comic style. Although the segmentation tend to collapse the generated images, it can reproduce a comic style effectively, especially on facial parts.
Electroencephalography Emotion Recognition Based on Rhythm Information Entropy Extraction
Authors: Liu Zhen-Tao , Xu Xin , She Jinhua , Yang Zhaohui , Chen Dan
Published: September 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a physiological signal directly generated by the central nervous system. Brain rhythm is closely related to a person’s emotional state and is widely used for EEG emotion recognition. In previous studies, the rhythm specificity between different brain channels was seldom explored. In this paper, the rhythm specificity of brain channels is studied to improve the accuracy of EEG emotion recognition. Variational mode decomposition is used to decompose rhythm signals and enhance features, and two kinds of information entropy, i.e., differential entropy (DE) and dispersion entropy (DispEn) are extracted. The rhythm being used to get the best result of single channel emotion recognition is selected as the representative rhythm, and the remove one method is employed to obtain rhythm information entropy feature. In the experiment, the DEAP database was used for EEG emotion recognition in valence-arousal space. The results showed that the best result of rhythm DE feature classification in the valence dimension is 77.04%, and the best result of rhythm DispEn feature classification in the arousal dimension is 79.25%.
Multi-UAV Path Planning for Inspection of Target Points with Stable Monitoring Frequencies
Authors: Li Jing , Xiong Yonghua , Yu Anjun
Published: September 2024

In this study, we focus on the path-planning problem of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) deployed for inspection missions at target points. The goal is to visit each target point, provide revisits to important target points, and ultimately meet the monitoring requirements with regular and stable monitoring frequencies. Herein, we present MTSP-R, a novel variant of the multiple traveling salesmen problem (MTSP), in which revisits to important target points are allowed. We address the path-planning problem of multi-UAV in two stages. First, we propose a nearest insertion algorithm with revisits (NIA-R) to determine the number of required UAVs and initial inspection paths. We then propose an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) with two-part chromosome encoding to further optimize the inspection paths of the UAVs. The simulation results demonstrate that the IGA can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the original genetic algorithm, providing shorter paths for multiple UAVs and more stable monitoring frequencies for the target points.
CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRANSPORT POWER PLANTS DECARBONISATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
Authors: Marchenko A.P. , Parsadanov I.V.
Published: September 2024

The directions of restoration and further development of the energy sector in Ukraine are considered in accordance with power plants with internal combustion engines, taking into account the widespread implementation of the Sustainable Development concept, which allows solving existing modern social, economic and environmental problems. For Ukraine, taking into account the economic opportunities and selected priorities for the chosen path of development, it is necessary at this time to choose gradual and specific directions to implement the Sustainable Development concept. The most priority areas of practical implementation of the concept are determined and it is indicated that the effectiveness of this implementation is associated with the development of the industry on the basis of the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions (Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0). One of the main tasks in solving the problems of the concept is to ensure the environmental component. Notwithstanding the noted progress in improving the environmental efficiency of internal combustion engines, further attention needs to be paid to the task of spreading the introduction of “green energy”, i.e. decarbonisation – reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the environment (CO2). The issue of decarbonisation in the future should be given the greatest attention both in the development and in the manufacture and operation of engines. It is shown that the assessment of the impact of CO2 emitted with the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines into the environment is carried out taking into account the model of operation of engines and the justification of the introduced adjustments. A new criterion is proposed, which is called: “ICE criterion of environmental thermal pollution”, which is proposed for use in studies to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of decarbonisation strategies in all modes of transport at implementation of the Sustainable Development concept in global transport power plants. A method for determining the efficiency of physical and chemical processes of mixture formation and combustion in internal combustion engine cylinders is proposed when using hybrid fuel with “green hydrogen” as its component, which allows determining the dependence of hydrogen influence on the level of engines effective performance and formation of harmful emissions in exhaust gases.
ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF CYLINDER HEAD FAILURE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Authors: Linkov O.U. , Pylyov V.V. , Marchenko A.P. , Kravchenko S.O , Malishev G.V. , Klymenko O.M.
Published: September 2024

The problem of failure of the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is considered. The factors influencing the reliability of the cylinder head over a given service life are analyzed. Among the areas that suffer the most are considered: partition between valves and between the valve and the nozzle, exhaust channels, attachment points, the plane of the surface that is in contact with the block. An analysis of existing works was carried out. Usually, the issue of reliability of a separate zone is solved, about which you can find many articles and patents. To date, there are no known works that comprehensively consider the problem of the reliability of all problem areas related to the cylinder head. This work describes the nature of the influence on the stressed state of the cylinder head from various factors: temperature loads, loads from the pressure of the working body in the cylinder, loads arising during fastening. Ways to solve problems with the reliability of individual elements exist and are being solved by many researchers, but the expediency of their implementation is ambiguous. Thus, improving heat removal from the hottest surfaces can lead to an increase in the share of influence from other factors. Solving the problem of reliability requires comprehensive consideration and a comprehensive approach. Thus, when modernizing or developing a new design, it becomes mandatory to carry out a calculation study taking into account the most complete range of factors affecting the system, which combines all the constituent elements included in this node. Modern engineering analysis systems allow such studies to be performed. It is also important to have sufficient knowledge about the properties of materials, which significantly affects the quality of the results of calculation studies. The change in heat dissipation parameters over time can be taken into account with the help of boundary conditions, which will allow us to study how the cylinder head will behave after some time of operation.
SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL AND PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS OF DIESEL CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Grytsyuk O.V. , Kuzmenko A.P. , Lazchenko B.O. , Kopylov V.V.
Published: September 2024

In this work, an attempt is made to provide an assessment of the prospects for the development of automotive diesel engineering in Ukraine, the availability and preservation of scientific, technical and production potential for the continuation of the production of knowledge-intensive products of this domestic sub-industry in modern conditions. According to the authors, the manufacturers of vehicles in Ukraine quickly found the support of the State regarding the inclusion of the relatively most complex structural units of the car design - the engine and the chassis - in the list of imported components, since the manufacture of these parts requires high-tech processes that ensure the manufacture of low-quality parts. Other personal opinions of the authors have been expressed regarding the reasons for the absence of energy sources that ensure the economic development of the country and are considered science-intensive products in the modern domestic automotive industry. According to the results of the research, it was established that the list of developments of the domestic automotive diesel industry in recent years extends from the two-cylinder diesel engine of the ZIM-800D four-wheeled motorcycle, which was proven to be introduced into the series, and the ZIM-1901 and ZIM-1902 microcars, to the design documentation of the modern six-cylinder diesel engine 6DTNA2 with a four-valve cylinder head and electronic fuel injection system. As an example of the capacity of the domestic production potential, the production technology of the cylinder head of a four-cylinder diesel engine 4ChN 8.8/8.2 was worked out with the involvement of available production resources and the use of imported components. This approach makes it possible to significantly reduce the time for the manufacture and preparation of the production of structural elements of the domestically produced engine, which is a representative of the "Slobozhansky diesel" power series.
Slapstick in the Wayang Kulit Arena: Gender Domination Practices Lead to Symbolic Violence
Authors: Saepudin Asep , Fitriani Tri Sat , Pambayun Gandes
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to explain the phenomenon of dagelan dalang and sinden in Yogyakarta's shadow puppet limbukan scene. Dagelan in Wayang is a humor/joke show to entertain the audience, usually done by dalang with sinden. For some people, dagelan is commonplace because it is generally presented in limbukan scenes for entertainment. However, dagelan in the limbukan section is not just entertainment but causes symbolic exploitation of sinden by the puppeteer with his various practices. Of course, this phenomenon is very paradoxical; on the one hand, the existence of sinden is significant because it supports the success of the shadow puppet show last night, but on the other hand, sinden becomes a victim of ridicule/laughter in a helpless condition because it is dominated and controlled by the puppeteer. The audience and group members even confirmed this dominance. In limbukan scenes, a sinden follows the puppeteer's instructions to sing a song while standing up and dancing. In addition, sinden is also the object of entertainment and even mockery of the mastermind with verbal and nonverbal language that causes discomfort. This is symbolic violence because sinden is a victim of entertainment exploitation. The conclusion shows that the extended exploitation of the mastermind against the sinden in the limbukan scene occurred because of the position of the sinden in a weak place in the ownership of capital compared to the mastermind. Sinden, however, is a part of the domination by the mastermind. On the contrary, puppeteers have various capital to become the dominant class with dominance and power. This leads to symbolic violence by the mastermind against Sinden and can even lead to mental violence.
IMPLEMENTING NEUROSCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF TKIT UMAR BIN KHATHAB KUDUS
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Isnawati Zakiyah , Ari Pratiwi Indy
Published: September 2024

An early childhood education teacher must possess adequate knowledge and skills in early childhood pedagogy to ensure that the learning process is effective and efficient. This study aims to reveal teaching techniques that incorporate neuroscientific insights to enhance children’s ability to absorb the information provided during lessons at TKIT Umar Bin Khathab Kudus. The research methodology employed is descriptive and qualitative, with data collection conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The study participants include a principal, two teachers, 30 students from class B, and two parents. After data collection, the study analyzes the data by relevant theories. The results indicate that the teaching at TKIT Umar Bin Khathab Kudus has adopted neuroscience principles by implementing center-based methods. Teachers’ skills in initiating lessons have been observed during the pre-exposure and preparation stages. Furthermore, teachers have conducted the stages of initiation, acquisition, elaboration, and memory incubation in explaining the learning material. Finally, in concluding the learning process, teachers have applied the stages of verification, comprehension checking, celebration, and integration. The teaching skills applied are reflected in the improvement of students’ learning outcomes on each indicator.
DEVELOPMENT OF POP-UP BOOK MEDIA FOR INTRODUCING THE CONCEPT OF ISLAMIC PHILANTHROPY TO CHILDREN AGED 5 TO 6 YEARS
Authors: Shidqi Dzulfikar Sauqy
Published: September 2024

This research aims to develop an interactive pop-up storybook to introduce the concept of Islamic philanthropy to children aged 5 to 6 in Kudus District. The research sample consisted of 49 children from two Raudlatul Athfal (RA) schools, selected using a multi-stage random sampling technique. The research method employed the ADDIE development model. Phase I analysis involved a literature review, institutional assessment, and media needs analysis. Phase II focused on conceptual media design. Phase III involved media construction and validation by experts. Phase IV included media implementation, and Phase V was the evaluation stage. Data analysis techniques encompassed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Expert validation results regarding children’s ability to understand Islamic philanthropy concepts indicated that all components were valid for measuring children’s comprehension according to early childhood development stages (ages 5 to 6). Paired sample t-test calculations yielded a t-value of 3.501, with a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.001, indicating significance (p < 0.05). Data analysis concluded that the interactive pop-up storybook effectively introduces Islamic philanthropy concepts to children.
Automated built-up infrastructure land cover extraction using index ensembles with machine learning, automated training data, and red band texture layers
Authors: Maloney Megan , Becker Sarah , Griffin Andrew , Lyon Susan , Lasko Kristofer
Published: September 2024

Automated built-up infrastructure classification is a global need for planning. However, individual indices have weaknesses, including spectral confusion with bare ground, and computational requirements for deep learning are intensive. We present a computationally lightweight method to classify built-up infrastructure. We use an ensemble of spectral indices and a novel red-band texture layer with global thresholds determined from 12 diverse sites (two seasonally varied images per site). Multiple spectral indexes were evaluated using Sentinel-2 imagery. Our texture metric uses the red band to separate built-up infrastructure from spectrally similar bare ground. Our evaluation produced global thresholds by evaluating ground truth points against a range of site-specific optimal index thresholds across the 24 images. These were used to classify an ensemble, and then spectral indexes, texture, and stratified random sampling guided training data selection. The training data fit a random forest classifier to create final binary maps. Validation found an average overall accuracy of 79.95% (±4%) and an F1 score of 0.5304 (±0.07). The inclusion of the texture metric improved overall accuracy by 14–21%. A comparison to site-specific thresholds and a deep learning-derived layer is provided. This automated built-up infrastructure mapping framework requires only public imagery to support time-sensitive land management workflows.
Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Monthly Rainfall Trend over Iraq
Authors: Muter Sara Ali , Al-Jiboori Monim H. , Al-Timimi Yaseen K.
Published: September 2024

تستكشف هذه الدراسة خصائص الألياف النانوية المغزولة كهربائيًا من بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات (PMMA) الممزوجة بالكلوروفيل، والتي من الممكن تطبيقها في تصنيع الخلايا الكهروضوئية. تمت إضافة تراكيز مختلفة من الكلوروفيل (0، 0.05، 0.1، 0.15، 0.2، و0.25 بالوزن%) إلى محاليل الغزل الكهربائي لـ PMMA والأسيتون. بعد عملية الغزل الكهربائي وتبخر الأسيتون، احتوت الألياف على تراكيز الكلوروفيل (0، 0.31، 0.63، 0.94، 1.25، و1.56 بالوزن%). تم توصيف الالياف المنتجة بخصائص الريولوجيا، وتحول فورييه بالأشعة تحت الحمراء، والمجهر الإلكتروني الماسح، والتحليل الطيفي للأشعة فوق البنفسجية. أظهرت النتائج أن الكلوروفيل زاد من لزوجة المحلول وقلل من قطر الألياف النانوية بنسبة وزنية تصل إلى 0.8%. تم الحصول على الألياف النانوية الأكثر اتساقًا بنسبة وزنية تبلغ 0.31% من الكلوروفيل، بمتوسط قطر 11.66 ± 7.3 نانومتر. أدت تركيزات الكلوروفيل الأعلى إلى ألياف نانوية أكبر وأكثر انتظامًا وزيادة فجوة النطاق. أنتجت تراكيز الكلوروفيل التي تزيد عن 1% بالوزن أليافًا غير مرغوب فيها ذات خرز. حددت الدراسة النطاق الأمثل لتركيز الكلوروفيل في ألياف PMMA النانوية (0-0.8 بالوزن%) ودرست تأثير الكلوروفيل على اللزوجة والقطر وفجوة النطاق ومورفولوجيا الألياف النانوية. توفر الدراسة معلومات مفيدة للباحثين والمطورين الذين يرغبون في استخدام ألياف PMMA/الكلوروفيل النانوية لأغراض مختلفة.
Enhancing Internet Data Security: A Fusion of Cryptography, Steganography, and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Rashid Omar Fitian , Subhi Mohammed Ahmed , Hussein Marwa Khudhur , Mahdi Mohammed Najah
Published: September 2024

يلعب علم التشفير والتستر أدوارًا حاسمة في ضمان أمان الاتصالات الشبكية. يحمل تجميع هذه الطرق إمكانات كبيرة لحماية المعلومات المرسلة عبر الإنترنت. يقوم علم التشفير الجيني، وهو تقنية حديثة وقوية، بالاستفادة من الخصائص الفريدة لحمض الدي إن إيه لمعالجة البيانات بشكل آمن. يقدم هذا البحث نظامًا مبتكرًا يدمج تقنيات التشفير والتستر وتقنيات تعلم الآلة لتعزيز أمان نقل البيانات عبر الإنترنت. يتكون النظام من ست خطوات لتشفير وإخفاء النص. تتضمن الخطوة الأولى استخدام التشفير بطريقة سيزر لترميز النص الأصلي. يتبع ذلك تحويل النص إلى قواعد حمض الدي إن إيه. تتضمن الخطوات التالية تحويل قواعد حمض الدي إن إيه إلى تنسيق ASCII وتحويلها إلى أرقام ثنائية. تقدم الخطوة الخامسة عنصرًا ديناميكيًا من خلال تحويل الأرقام الثنائية باستخدام مفتاح عشوائي. تتضمن الخطوة النهائية تضمين هذه الأرقام الثنائية (النص المشفر) بشكل مخفي داخل صورة. وبالإضافة إلى المقاييس التقليدية، تم دمج عناصر تعلم الآلة لرفع أداء النظام. تم إجراء تقييم الأداء عبر ثلاث صور قياسية بأحجام بيانات متفاوتة، مما أظهر فعالية النظام. عرض النظام المقترح أوقاتًا سريعة للتشفير، حيث كانت أوقات التشفير والفك تبلغ 2.802 ميلي ثانية و 3.388 ميلي ثانية على التوالي. يثري دمج تقنيات تعلم الآلة قدرات النظام، مقدمًا حلاً جاذبًا لنقل البيانات بشكل آمن وفعال عبر الإنترنت.
Using Glass Waste to Prepare a Type of Bioceramic
Authors: Hammal Abdulrazzaq , Nabgali Nawzat
Published: September 2024

ينطوي تعزيز العيش المستدام في المستقبل على إدارة النفايات بكفاءة لاستعادة الموارد وتحويلها إلى مواد خام جديدة. هناك تركيز عالمي على تسريع استخدام وإعادة تدوير النفايات لصناعة مواد حيوية هامة، مما يتطلب القيام بجهود بحثية كبيرة في هذا المجال. في هذا البحث، تم عزل السيليكا النقية عن نفايات الزجاج واستخدمت في صناعة نوع من السيراميك الحيوي من أجل التطبيقات الطبية. حيث تم اجراء عدة مراحل متسلسلة، في البداية تم جمع عينات من نفايات الزجاج المكسر ومعالجتها فيزيائياً (الطحن والفرز الحبيبي)، مزج الزجاج المطحون مع NaOH بالنسب التالية (1:1)، (2:1) (3:1)، ثم أجريت المعالجة الحرارية في درجات حرارة مختلفة ˚C(1000-900-800)، ثم تم عزل السيليكا عن طريق معالجة العينة بمحلول HCl، تليها المعالجة الحرارية عند ˚C900 للحصول على SiO2 بمردود 68٪ ونقاوة تصل إلى 94.4%, تم استخدام السيليكا النقية المعزولة لتحضير الزجاج الحيوي القياسي من النوع45S5, ثم تم تحديد مواصفاته بتقنيات XRD , IR, DTA ثم تم تحويل الزجاج الحيوي إلى سيراميك حيوي من خلال المعالجة الحرارية للحصول في النهاية على منتج سيراميكي, تمت دراسة خصائصه تركيبه وقابليته للتحلل البيولوجي، أشارت النتائج إلى أنه قابل للاستخدام في التطبيقات الطبية.
Chlorophyll Concentration and Its Impact on Electrospun Acrylic Nanofibers
Authors: Jassim Zainab , Akraa Mohammed
Published: September 2024

تستكشف هذه الدراسة خصائص الألياف النانوية المغزولة كهربائيًا من بولي ميثيل ميثاكريلات (PMMA) الممزوجة بالكلوروفيل، والتي من الممكن تطبيقها في تصنيع الخلايا الكهروضوئية. تمت إضافة تراكيز مختلفة من الكلوروفيل (0، 0.05، 0.1، 0.15، 0.2، و0.25 بالوزن%) إلى محاليل الغزل الكهربائي لـ PMMA والأسيتون. بعد عملية الغزل الكهربائي وتبخر الأسيتون، احتوت الألياف على تراكيز الكلوروفيل (0، 0.31، 0.63، 0.94، 1.25، و1.56 بالوزن%). تم توصيف الالياف المنتجة بخصائص الريولوجيا، وتحول فورييه بالأشعة تحت الحمراء، والمجهر الإلكتروني الماسح، والتحليل الطيفي للأشعة فوق البنفسجية. أظهرت النتائج أن الكلوروفيل زاد من لزوجة المحلول وقلل من قطر الألياف النانوية بنسبة وزنية تصل إلى 0.8%. تم الحصول على الألياف النانوية الأكثر اتساقًا بنسبة وزنية تبلغ 0.31% من الكلوروفيل، بمتوسط قطر 11.66 ± 7.3 نانومتر. أدت تركيزات الكلوروفيل الأعلى إلى ألياف نانوية أكبر وأكثر انتظامًا وزيادة فجوة النطاق. أنتجت تراكيز الكلوروفيل التي تزيد عن 1% بالوزن أليافًا غير مرغوب فيها ذات خرز. حددت الدراسة النطاق الأمثل لتركيز الكلوروفيل في ألياف PMMA النانوية (0-0.8 بالوزن%) ودرست تأثير الكلوروفيل على اللزوجة والقطر وفجوة النطاق ومورفولوجيا الألياف النانوية. توفر الدراسة معلومات مفيدة للباحثين والمطورين الذين يرغبون في استخدام ألياف PMMA/الكلوروفيل النانوية لأغراض مختلفة.
Ideological narratives of liberalism and socialism
Authors: Volchik V. V. , Shiriaev I. M.
Published: September 2024

Objective: to compare the ideologies of liberalism and socialism in economic science in the context of the current stage of their evolution. For this purpose, the paper identifies the goals of these ideologies by analyzing the scientific narratives of economists. The study is also aimed at identifying similarities and differences between the ideologies of liberalism andsocialism.

   Methods: qualitative methods, narrative analysis, review of scientific literature.

   Results: the comparison of common interpretations of the “ideology” concept in various branches of economics and in other social sciences shows differences in terminology. The comparison of the liberalism and socialism ideologies in economics shows the difference between the declared goals of liberals and socialists. The goal of liberalism ideology is human freedom,and of socialism ideology – distribution equality. The ideologies considered are internally heterogeneous and have evolved over time. At present, liberalism is continued in neoliberalism, which aims at increasing the population wealth rather than freedom as an end in itself. There are non-egalitarian interpretations of the essence of socialism, which reduce it to the economy governmentalization. There are also debates about the advantages of the market over centralized planning in socialism. The extremes of the ideologies of liberalism and socialism can be clearly distinguished, but in practice, many studies take an intermediate position. A common feature of liberalism and socialism is their modernist character and criticism of archaic economic institutions designed to redistribute wealth from the poor to the rich.

   Scientific novelty: it consists in identifying the economic goals proclaimed by the ideologies of liberalism and socialism, based on the analysis of the relevant theoretical narratives in scientific literature.

   Practical significance: it is determined by the need to understand the factors influencing the economists’ worldview. Studying the ideologies of liberalism and socialism is useful for understanding the intent of the authors of recommendations for improving the institutions of the modern Russian economic order.
New approach to researching the development level of the creatosphere in human-centered economy in Russia
Authors: Nasyrova S. I.
Published: September 2024

Objective: to develop conceptual provisions of human-centered economy by forming a new approach to the study of the creatosphere as a constituent element of the said economic system in order to develop its management.

   Methods: analysis, synthesis, content analysis, scheme of contradiction, linear scaling method, minimax normalization.

   Results: the characteristic of the creatosphere of the human-centered economy is revealed from the viewpoint of satisfying the individual’s needs in creativity; the creatosphere structure is analyzed as an element covering all spheres of the economic system under consideration; the model of homeostasis of the human-centered economy is developed through identifying its elements-opposites (on the one hand – natural and material spheres, services, social sphere, infosphere, digital and cognitive spheres, on the other hand – creatosphere), as well as the model of the basic resource (flow of ideas) and regulator (human needs); the predetermining role of the creatosphere in the development of the said economic system is outlined; the contradictions are revealed at the level of human-centered economy, the resolution of which contributes to the development of an individual and the economic system as a whole.

   Scientific novelty: it consists in the development of a methodology for assessing the creatosphere and testing it on the Russian subjects. Unlike those available in the literature, the methodology allows comprehensively assessing the creatosphere development as an element that affects the human-centered economy as a whole. The novelty consists also in defining a vector in the creatosphere management based on the formed approach to its research through the upscaling of best regional practices.

   Practical significance: the results of comprehension of the human-centered economy creatosphere through the scheme of contradictions may serve as a basis for further research in order to build a scientifically sound theory of the said economic system and to form directions for resolving the identified contradictions. The study results are the basis to further define the development level of the Russian human-centered economy in order to develop measures for its effective management.
Subsidizing as a tool to ensure economic sovereignty: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Kapoguzov E. A. , Gordeev V. A. , Pakhalov A. M.
Published: September 2024

Objective: to assess the relationship between the basic monetary instrument of state support for industry – subsidies – and basic macro-indicators of its effectiveness in the context of economic sovereignty.

   Methods: content analysis of publications, statistical analysis of macroeconomic indicators, econometric analysis on a wide sample of countries.

   Results: 1) the analysis of mentioning the category “subsidies” in Russian, English and Chinese printed publications confirmed the high interest to subsidies in China; 2) the analysis of correlation between the level of subsidies and the basic macro-indicators by countries on IMF data showed statistically significant correlations of the level of subsidies with the level of current account balance (low correlation) and GDP per capita (moderate correlation); 3) the evaluation showed no significant relationship between the level of subsidies and GDP per capita. According to the study results, conclusions were drawn about the absence of dependence between the level of transfers provided and the decrease of dependence on import.

   Scientific novelty: the hypothesis was checked that the level of subsidies in the state has a statistically significant impact on the country’s current account balance. The model is based on earlier studies with the added analysis of the role of subsidies in reaching the economic development goals. The novelty of this study consists in the absence of a significant relationship between the level of subsidies and the current account balance.

   Practical significance: the study results can be useful to specialists in the field of industrial policy. They provide a basis for a fuller understanding of the tools to ensure technological sovereignty. Modifications of the regression model can be used in further studies of the factors of the current account balance.
Digital Transformation, Green Transformation and Corporate Risk Taking——Evidence from ChiNext Listed Companies
Authors: Wang Juan , Kharuddin Khairul Ayuni Binti Mohd , Ismail Rina Fadhilah Binti
Published: September 2024

China's economic development is significantly advancing through digital and green synergy transformation. ChiNext listed companies have the traits of higher growth and higher innovation, which lead to smoother and easier corporate digital and green synergy transformation. Corporate digital transformation and corporate green transformation have a profound impact on the operation and management activities of companies and have become important factors affecting corporate risk taking. Based on the samples of ChiNext listed companies from 2012 to 2022, this paper examines the impact of digital and green synergy transformation on corporate risk taking. This paper draws the following conclusions: Both digital transformation and green transformation significantly enhance corporate risk taking, and dual synergy transformation significantly enhances corporate risk taking. Further research shows that compared with state-owned companies, non-state-owned companies ' dual transformation have more significant influence on corporate risk taking. Compared with labor-intensive companies, the synergy transformation of capital-intensive companies and technology-intensive companies significantly promotes corporate risk taking. These conclusions have certain practical significance for promoting dual synergy transformation of companies and improving corporate risk taking behavior.
DDX3X aggravates neuronal pyroptosis and inhibits autophagy via NLRP3 inflammasome after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Hao Guangzhi , Wang Yiwei , Huan Yu , Han Yuwei , Shi Zuolin , Yang Xinyu , Dong Yushu , Pan Pengyu , Liang Guobiao
Published: September 2024

Neuronal cell death was considered as the symbol of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the mechanism was still unclear. DDX3X, a member of DEAD-box helicase family, has a major effect on many biological processes, such as immune inflammation, growth and development, by mediating RNA metabolism. Recent study reported that DDX3X regulated the balance of NLRP3 inflammasome and stress granules in stress condition, but the role of DDX3X in SAH was still unknown. Therefore, we conduced the in-vivo and in-vitro experiments for the role and mechanism of DDX3X in SAH. Western blot and immunofluorescence showed that SAH promoted DDX3X expression, especially in the cortical neurons. After up-regulation of DDX3X, NLRP3 inflammasome was activated and autophagy was inhibited, resulting in the neurological dysfunction and damage of blood brain barrier. Further rescue experiments confirmed that DDX3X aggravated neuronal pyroptosis and inhibited autophagy via NLRP3 inflammasome after SAH. Hence, DDX3X might be a potential therapeutic target for early brain injury of SAH.
Host-induced gene silencing of specific genes of Plasmodiophora brassicae as an approach to control clubroot disease
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhang Y.H. , Zhao Y.S. , Shu Y.P. , Xu Y.S. , Du Junbo
Published: September 2024

Clubroot disease, caused by the biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, poses a significant threat to global cruciferous crops production. Current prevention and control strategies are ineffective against P. brassicae. Therefore, new control approach is needed. We have identified two putative effectors, Pb48 and Pb52, which possess secretory functions and exert influence on plant defense. Instantaneous expression of hairpin RNAi constructs with sequence homology to P. brassicae effector Pb48 or Pb52 was performed in Brassica rapa. The successful expression in host and their uptake by P. brassicae were confirmed through observation of green fluorescence in root hair and root epidermal cells as well as within P. brassicae zoosporangia. Successful silencing of either Pb48 or Pb52 resulted in reduced root gall size and enhanced resistance of the host to P. brassicae infection. Especially, silencing of Pb48 led to a decrease in zoosporangia numbers within root hair and epidermal cells. Silencing either Pb48 or Pb52 also resulted in decreased expressions of cytokinin biosynthesis gene IPT1 and auxin homeostasis GH3.5 associated with hormone regulation pathways involved in clubroot development. The transient expression of short interfering RNAs from P. brassicae demonstrates its potential as an effective strategy against this pathogen, thereby paving the way for future developments that confer disease resistance to susceptible host.
Comparison of air pollution before, during, and after restrictions on the activities of residents to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Raksanagara Ardini Saptaningsih , Hilfi Lukman , Rinawan Fedri Ruluwedrata , Ma’ruf Tisa Layalia Hanifah , Khoerotunnisya Desie
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to compare air pollution levels in Jakarta, Indonesia before, during, and after the implementation of COVID-19-related restrictions on residents' activities. Data on air quality indicators such as PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide were collected and analyzed. The findings revealed significant variations in air pollution levels in response to the restrictions. Before the restrictions, air pollution levels were notably higher, attributed to increased industrial and vehicular activities. During the restrictions, there was a substantial decline in air pollution levels as a result of reduced human activities and transportation. After the restrictions were eased, air pollution levels began to rise again, albeit not reaching the same high levels as before. The study provides valuable insights into the impact of human activities on air quality and emphasizes the potential benefits of implementing policies to reduce air pollution. The findings contribute to the understanding of the environmental consequences of societal changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and have implications for future urban planning and air quality management in Jakarta.
Emergent Wigner phases in moiré superlattice from deep learning
Authors: Li Xiang , Qian Yubing , Ren Weiluo , Xu Yang , Chen Ji
Published: September 2024

Moiré superlattice designed in stacked van der Waals material provides a dynamic platform for hosting exotic and emergent condensed matter phenomena. However, the relevance of strong correlation effects and the large size of moiré unit cells pose significant challenges for traditional computational techniques. To overcome these challenges, we develop an unsupervised deep learning approach to uncover electronic phases emerging from moiré systems based on variational optimization of neural network many-body wavefunction. Our approach has identified diverse quantum states, including novel phases such as generalized Wigner crystals, Wigner molecular crystals, and previously unreported Wigner covalent crystals. These discoveries provide insights into recent experimental studies and suggest new phases for future exploration. They also highlight the crucial role of spin polarization in determining Wigner phases. More importantly, our proposed deep learning approach is proven general and efficient, offering a powerful framework for studying moiré physics.
Characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus hyicus from swine exudative epidermitis in South Korea
Authors: Yun Chi Sun , Kang Su-Min , Kwon Dong Hyeon , Lee Sanghyub , Jeon Gyu-Tae , Kang Hye Jeong , Kim Jongho , Byun Jae-Won , Ku Bok-Kyung , Hwang Mi-Hye , Kim Ha-Young
Published: September 2024

Background: Staphylococcus hyicus causes porcine exudative epidermitis, predominantly affecting suckling and weaned piglets. This bacterium produces various exfoliative toxins (ExhA, ExhB, ExhC, ExhD, SHETA, and SHETB), which are responsible for the clinical manifestations of exudative epidermitis. However, treatment failure is common due to frequent antimicrobial resistance in porcine strains. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the genes encoding exfoliative toxins and assess the antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. hyicus. A total of 17 S. hyicus isolates were collected from piglets with skin lesions from 2014 to 2021. All strains were subjected to species-specific polymerase chain reaction targeting sodA to confirm the presence of S. hyicus, and polymerase chain reaction amplification of exfoliative toxin genes (exhA, exhB, exhC, exhD, sheta, and shetb) was performed to differentiate toxigenic strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and minimum inhibitory concentration tests using broth microdilution were conducted to further analyze the strains.
Results: Exfoliative toxin genes were detected in 52.9% (n = 9) of the S. hyicus isolates, with notable detection of exhB (17.6%), exhC(17.6%), exhD (11.8%), exhA (5.9%), sheta (0%), and shetb(0%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis categorized the isolates into 11 pulsotypes with 70% similarity. Among 18 tested antimicrobials, all isolates exhibited 100% susceptibility to ceftiofur and sulfonamides and high susceptibility rates to neomycin, tilmicosin, and tetracyclines. Whereas the susceptibility rate of spectinomycin was 0% in all isolates, multidrug resistance was observed in 82.4% of the isolates, and in all toxigenic strains.
Conclusions: These findings provide crucial insights for monitoring and devising effective treatment strategies for managing exudative epidermitis in pigs caused by S. hyicus.
Antimicrobial peptide production with Corynebacterium glutamicum on lignocellulosic side streams
Authors: Waldschitz Daniel , Neudert Mark-Richard , Kitzmueller Jakob , Bong Jae Hwi , Bus Yannick , Karner Eva Maria , Sinner Peter , Spadiut Oliver
Published: September 2024

Background:Biorefineries usually focus on the production of low-value commodities, such as bioethanol, platform chemicals or single cell protein.Shifting production to bioactive compounds, such as antimicrobial peptides, could provide an opportunity to increase the economic viability of biorefineries.
Results: Recombinant production of the antimicrobial peptide pediocin PA-1 in Corynebacterium glutamicum was transferred from yeast extract based media to minimal media based on lignocellulosic spent sulfite liquor.Induced batch, fed batch, and extended batch process modes were compared for highest pediocin PA-1 production.
Conclusion: For pediocin PA-1 production on lignocellulosic residues, extended batch cultivation was identified as the optimal process mode, producing up to $\simeq$ 104 mg/L active pediocin PA-1.Moreover, the production of pediocin PA-1 on this sustainable second generation resource exceeded its state-of-the-art production on yeast extract based media $\simeq$ 1.5-fold.
Strategies for Carbon Reduction in China's Aluminum Industry: An LMDI-based Decomposition and Sensitivity Analysis Framework
Authors: Chang Jing , Hu Guangwen , Gu Yifan , Wu Yufeng
Published: September 2024

In this study, we harnessed Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to meticulously quantify the substance flows across the mining, smelting, electrolysis, Processing and manufacturing, Recycling management, and regeneration stages of China's aluminum industry from 1990 to 2022. Concurrently, we dissected the carbon emissions of primary and secondary aluminum products employing the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) approach. The LMDI framework facilitated the decomposition of emissions into five endogenous variables: emission factors, energy structure, energy intensity, product structure, and total production. Our analysis foregrounds the principal driving forces shaping the carbon footprint of the aluminum sector and assesses the nuanced impacts of long-term and short-term policy shifts under various baseline years. Key findings illuminate that: (1)The carbon emission growth in China's aluminum industry has partially decoupled from production.(2)The pivotal elements of the industry's low-carbon transition hinge on technological advancements and enhanced recycling rates of waste products.(3)Enhanced energy efficiency emerges as a critical determinant in curtailing carbon emissions.(4)The industry exhibits robust adaptability to policy shifts.(5)Furthermore, the cumulative and synergistic effects of policies are instrumental in propelling energy conservation, emission reduction, and the cyclical utilization of resources. This research offers not only pivotal insights for the sustainable evolution and carbon mitigation of China's aluminum sector but also serves as a methodological exemplar for CO2 studies in other high-emission industries.