bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Associated with Hypoxemia and Prolonged ICU Stay after Type A Aortic Dissection Repair?
Authors: Xi Xin , Chen Yu , Ma Wei-Guo , Xie Jiang , Liu Yong-Min , Zhu Jun-Ming , Gong Ming , Zhu Guang-Fa , Sun Li-Zhong
Published: February 2021

Background : Although obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is prevalent among patients with aortic dissection, its prognostic impact is not yet determined in patients undergoing major vascular surgery. We aimed to investigate the association of OSA with hypoxemia and with prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay after type A aortic dissection (TAAD) repair. Methods: This study enrolled 83 patients who underwent TAAD repair. OSA diagnosis was confirmed by a preoperative STOP-BANG questionnaire and a sleep test performed within 90 days postoperatively. OSA was defined as an apnoea hypopnea index (AHI) of ≥15/h, while an AHI of >30/h was defined severe OSA. Hypoxemia was defined as an oxygenation index (OI) of <200 mmHg, 6 h postoperatively and prolonged ICU referred to an ICU stay of >72 h. Multivariable analysis was performed to assess the association of OSA with hypoxemia and prolonged ICU stay. Results: OSA was diagnosed in 41 patients (49.4%), which was consistent with the detection by using a preoperative STOP-BANG score of ≥4 (Kappa=0.424, P<0.01). Hypoxemia occurred postoperatively in 56 patients (67.5%). Postoperatively hypoxemia developed mostly in OSA patients (52.4% vs. 83.0%, P<0.01), and particularly in those with severe OSA ( 52.4% vs. 90.5%, P<0.01). The postoperative OI could fairly predict a prolonged ICU stay (area under the curve, 0.719; 95% CI 0.595-0.843; P=0.002). Severe OSA was a predictor of both postoperative hypoxemia (odds ratio [OR] 6.65; 95% CI 1.56-46.26, P<0.01) and prolonged ICU stay (OR 5.58; 95% CI 1.54-20.24, P<0.01). Conclusions: OSA was common in patients with TAAD. Severe OSA was predictive of hypoxemia and prolonged ICU stay after TAAD repair. The STOP-BANG score may offer diagnostic clues to OSA in patients with TAAD.
Glycemic Control Status and Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Chronic total occlusion patients: An Observational Study
Authors: Zhang Xuehui , Nie Maoxiao , Chen Xue , Liang Zhe , Zhao Quanming
Published: February 2021

Background: Whether good glycemic control can result in clinical benefits for diabetic chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients are limited and controversial.Methods: We assigned the enrolled patients into 2 groups based on one-year glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) levels: HbA1c<7% group (n=448) and HbA1c≥7% group (n=581). We further subdivided the patients into the successful CTO revascularization (CTO-SR) and non-successful CTO revascularization (CTO-NSR) groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression before and after propensity score matching were used to compare major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and other endpoints.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the most endpoints in the overall patients. After propensity score-matched analysis, patients with HbA1c < 7.0 tended to be superior in terms of MACE, which was mainly attributed to repeat revascularization but the other endpoints. What’s more, the benefit of the HbA1c <7 group was more prominent among patients with CTO-NSR in terms of MACE, repeat revascularization and target vessel revascularization (TVR). And, the improvement of the HbAc1＜7 group was more prominent among patients without chronic heart failure (CHF) (P=0.027). Conclusions: HbA1c <7.0 was associated with a reduced incidence of MACE, which was mainly attributed to a reduction in repeat revascularization. Well glycemic control can improve diabetic CTO patients’ clinical prognosis, especially in CTO-NSR patients.Trial registration: The present study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University (No:2018008X). Informed consent was exempt by the committee.
Prevalence and Related Risk Factors Associated with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Among Middle Aged and Elderly Patients with Vision Impairment (VI)
Authors: Qin Shengmei , Wu Hengjing , Wang Hao , Li Qi , Zhou Jie , Wu Jing
Published: February 2021

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and related risk factors associated with coronary heart disease（CHD） among middle aged and elderly patients with vision impairment (VI). Study design: cross-sectional research. Methods: The study was conducted with 1,355 visually impaired adults over 45 years old, recruited from a Rehabilitation Hospital in China. Visual impairment is diagnosed by a doctor according to guidelines. Data was analyzed using multiple correspondence and logistic regression analysis. This research represents an important step towards the development of empirically based practical suggestions for decision-makers and health professionals that support visually impaired middle-aged and elderly people to participate in physical exercise and weight management when needed. Results: Of the 1335 middle aged and elderly adults with VI, a total of 154 (11.5%) developed CHD. Statistical analysis based on age grouping indicated that hypertension, diabetes, blindness, gentle and moderate activity were shown to have a strong association with development of CHD. In addition, fasting plasma glucose, heart rate (<60), and BMI were important risk factors for CHD in the middle-aged group and the elderly group respectively.Conclusion: Suggestions for related policy changes should focus on the social and environmental aspects. This includes developing a more accessible and inclusive environments and providing meaningful information about physical activity and weight management to middle-aged and elderly people with visually impaired.
Osteoporosis is Associated with Varus Deformity in Postmenopausal Women with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhuang Zhikun , Chen Xiaojun , Li Keda , Lin Tianye , Pang Fengxiang , Zhang Ying , He Wei , Wei Qiushi
Published: February 2021

Background: Varus deformity of the knee is a common pathological characteristic in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and not enough attention has been given to the relationship between knee varus deformity and the state of systemic bone mass. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and varus deformity in postmenopausal women with KOA.Methods: This case-control study included 202 postmenopausal women with KOA with or without varus deformity. The hip-knee-ankle angle of the lower extremity (HKA), medial distal femoral angle (MDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and the angle of the joint line (JLCA) were measured in all patients. The BMD of the lumbar (L1-L4), left femoral neck, and left hip were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in all patients. The difference in BMD between the knee varus deformity group and the normal limb alignment group was compared, and the relationship between the different angles of limb alignment and the BMD values at different sites was evaluated.Results: The BMD at different sites of the knee varus deformity group was lower than of the normal limb alignment group, and the incidence of osteoporosis was higher. Pearson correlation analysis showed that BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), left femoral neck and left hip joint were positively correlated with the HKA, but negatively correlated with JLCA. MPTA was positively correlated with the left femoral neck and left hip joint BMD, but not correlated with lumbar bone density. Furthermore, in the normal limb alignment group, the HKA was only negatively correlated with JLCA, but not significantly correlated with MDFA and MPTA. In the varus deformity group, the HKA was not only negatively correlated with JLCA but also positively correlated with MDFA and MPTA. Conclusions: Osteoporosis should be an important predicting factor for exacerbating knee varus deformity. Maintaining a systemic bone mass level may help to prevent the progression of knee varus deformity in the treatment of KOA.
Do the Successful Revision Surgery for Humeral Nonunion Solve all the Effects on Health-Related Quality of life? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Zhimeng , Lu Yao , Sun Liang , Song Leilei , Ma Teng , Wang Qiang , Zhang Kun , Li Zhong
Published: February 2021

Background To evaluate the effects of successful revision operation on health quality of life(QoL) and functional outcome in humeral nonunion patients.Methods This retrospective study included 62 patients with humeral nonunion from Northwest China, who were admitted to the Department of Trauma Surgery, Honghui Hospital between March 2013 and September 2019. The following data were retrospectively evaluated: demographic data, clinical data, imaging findings, and treatment methods. The QoL assessment indicators for humeral nonunion patients included the SF-12 mental component summary(MCS) and physical component summary(PCS),brief pain inventory-severity(BPI-S) and brief pain inventory-interference (BPI-I). The mayo elbow performance score(MEPS) was used to assess the elbow function of the patients.Results Successful revision surgery significantly improved the patient's PCS,MCS,BPI-S and BPI-I scores (p<0.001). According to the MEPS criteria, the excellent and good rates were 95.16% in this study. The impact of humeral nonunion on mental health was comparable with the reported impact of stroke and type Ⅱ diabetes (p>0.05).The impact of post-op on physical health was comparable with the reported impact of COPD, silicosis, hypertension, barrentt’s esophagus and lower urinary tract symptoms(p>0.05).Conclusion Humeral nonunion is a devastating chronic medical condition that negatively affects both physical and mental health as well as quality of life. Although the effects of pain in the body can be completely relieved by treatment, the entire medical process may cause everlasting psychological trauma to the patient.
Tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico da disfunção temporomandibular: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Araújo Ozanna Soares Medeiros de , Cruz José Henrique de Araújo , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de , Alves Maria Angélica Satyro Gomes
Published: February 2021

Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular tem sido reconhecida como uma das causas das dores orofaciais, nesta condição existe o envolvimento da articulação temporomandibular como também os músculos da mastigação. Esta disfunção têm sido identificado por alguns sintomas e sinais característicos como, pontos de gatilho musculares, comprometimento da dimensão vertical de oclusão, modificações na oclusão dental, luxação e a subluxação da mandíbula. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetiva a identificação e a análise dos tratamentos farmacológicos (anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais; anti-inflamatórios esteroidais; antidepressivos tricíclicos; relaxantes musculares e também os anestésicos locais) e não farmacológicos, estes incluídos no tratamento alternativos utilizados na disfunção temporomandibular (Acupuntura, Toxina botulínica, Estimulação nervosa elétrica transcutânea, e Técnicas de massoterapia. Material e métodos. Metodologia: Foram escolhidos 41 artigos presentes em plataformas cientificas, como o Periódico Capes, PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico, no período de publicação entre 2006 e 2019. Conclusão: Por fim, nota-se que a disfunção temporomandibular é uma condição que acomete muito a população e que  sua terapia pode ser realizada de diversas formas, desde com a terapia medicamentosa como também a realização de tratamentos alternativos.
Breeding Cultivars from Blueberry × Deerberry Hybrids: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Lyrene Paul M.
Published: February 2021

Vaccinium stamineum (deerberry) is a highly variable diploid species in section Polycodium. Deerberry is native on excessively drained sandy soils from southeastern Ontario, south through the Florida peninsula to Lake Okeechobee, west to eastern Texas and southeastern Kansas. The V. stamineum used in this study were tall plants (2–4 m) native in north Florida, with a plant architecture similar to rabbiteye blueberry (V. virgatum). Starting in 2013 with crosses between tetraploid highbush cultivars (section Cyanococcus) and colchicine-doubled V. stamineum, hundreds of F1 and thousands of later-generation seedlings were grown and evaluated in high-density field nurseries at Citra in North Florida. The populations studied included F1, F2, backcrosses to each parent species, and BC1 × BC1 seedlings. The goal of the study was to assess the feasibility of introgressing into highbush blueberry cultivars desirable traits from V. stamineum (drought tolerance, red-flesh berries, new flavor components, open flowers with short corolla cups and exserted anthers and stigmas) without introducing horticulturally problematic characteristics (bitter skin, berries that shatter when ripe, difficult vegetative propagation). Vigor averaged very low in F1 seedlings, higher in F2 seedlings and in seedlings from backcrosses to V. stamineum, and highest in seedlings from backcrosses to highbush. Most crosses yielded numerous plump seeds, but crosses to produce F1 hybrids yielded fewer than 10% as many seeds as highbush × highbush crosses. Most vegetative, flower, and fruit traits that differentiate highbush from V. stamineum were intermediate in F1 seedlings. Backcross seedlings more closely resembled the recurrent parent. Variability in morphological characters was high in every generation, giving much opportunity for selection. Some seedlings from backcrosses to highbush (≈5%) appeared to have the vigor, berry quality, and yield potential required in commercial cultivars. Producing highbush cultivars that strongly express a particular V. stamineum trait might best be accomplished by growing large, segregating F2 populations from which parents for backcrosses can be selected.
ETHICAL ISSUES IN CLINICAL TRIALS: A REVIEW OF THE RECENT LITERATURE, AN ETHICAL ARGUMENTATION
Authors:   Doctorate in Health SciencesCollege of Graduate Health Studies A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona, USA., Aziz Maria , J. Khan Azma ,   Clinical Research CoordinatorPri-Med Care/DFW Wound Care Center., Khan Sefia ,   Research Assistant Pri-Med Care/DFW Wound Care Center.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To identify ethical issues and risks involved in clinical trials and develop a conceptual model of identified issues in patient safety in clinical trials. Methodology: The review comprises of qualitative meta-analysis of available literature to identify potential ethical issues involved in the field of clinical trials. Findings: Our review identifies gaps in following core areas: 1) Research vs. Practice; 2) Inform Consent; 3) Ethical Oversight. Existing literature shows gaps in the true definition of research and does not clarify points of difference to clinical care. Existing guidelines are still confusing about the requirement of inform consent, in which cases it is mandatory and in which cases it should be waived off. There are indiscripencies, how much information should be provided in the inform consent disclosure. Is ethical oversight required in all research studies and if so at what level. We will build a streamline ethical argumentation to identify gaps in the existing literature, evaluate existing guidelines, analyze the contents to reach a conclusion and put forward recommendations for quality improvement. Conclusions: For the definition of research and its difference with clinical practice, decision should be taken in the best interest of the patient whether it is patient care or it is research.For ethical overview oversight, we suggest concept of proportionate review. Inform consent should be seeked in all researches but if becomes a barrier in patient care then waiver should be granted for the well-being of the patient. All information should be disclosed to the research participants so that they make an informed decision for their participation.
THE IMPACT OF SRI AUROBINDO GHOSHS EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
Authors:   Lecturer at Gangrampur B.ED College M.A, B.ED, UGC-NTA-NET in Education., Majumdar Krishnendu
Published: February 2021

Sri Aurobindo can be rightly called a perfectionist because he was never satisfied with partial remedies. Born in Kolkata , India Aurobindo was educate at Cambridge University . The presence study highlights the philosophical contribution of Aurobindo Ghosh in our education system . It explains different philosophical aspects of Aurobindo Ghosh- aims of education relationship of teacher and pupil and finally the implication of Aurobindos philosophy of education.
CHORIOCARCINOME GESTATIONNEL: A PROPOS DE 2 CAS ET REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE
Authors:   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique I Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Mohamed Lemine Meimouna , Mohamed Mahmoud Lemhaba Beya ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique I Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Abdelkader Nessiba ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique I Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Mouhammed Saoud Karam ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique I Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Mamouni Nessrine ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique I Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Errarhay Senae ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique I Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Bouchikhi Chahrazad ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique I Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Banani Abdelaziz ,   Service De Gynecologie Obstetrique I Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Tahirou S. ,   Service De Radiologie Mere Et Enfant Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Haloua M. ,   Service De Radiologie Mere Et Enfant Chu Hassan Ii Fes., Boubou M. ,   Service De Radiologie Mere Et Enfant Chu Hassan Ii Fes.
Published: February 2021

Le choriocarcinome est une tumeur maligne rare tres metastatique et appartient au groupe des maladies trophoblastiques gestationnelles dont le denominateur commun est une hypersecretion dhormone choriogonadotrope, les maladies trophoblastique gestationnelle regroupent la mole hydatiforme (complete et partielle), la mole hydatiforme invasive, le choriocarcinome gestationnel, la tumeur du site dimplantation placentaire.Nous rapportons 02 cas de choriocarcinome qui ont ete diagnostiquees et prise en charge dans notre formation, a travers ce deux cas nous essayons de faire une mise au point sur cette pathologie.
SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE USE OF UZBEK MARTY ART METHODS AND METHODS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors:   Uzbekistan State University of Physical Culture and Sports., R.D. Xalmuxamedov , M.M. Maxmudova ,   Uzbekistan State University of Physical Culture and Sports., M.Q. Usmonov ,   Termez State University.
Published: February 2021

Physical fitness of female students of higher educational institutions of Uzbekistan was studied. The average indicators of physical qualities (strength, speed, endurance and flexibility) of girls were determined. A program of physical education based on the use of national sports has been developed and a lesson on physical education has been analyzed.
ADULT PERCEPTIONS ABOUT COMMUNICATION WITH DENTISTS DURING THEIR DENTAL VISIT
Authors:   Department of Public Health Dentistry, SDM College of Dental Science and Hospital, Dharwad., Kancharla Harish , M. Shodan ,   Department of Public Health Dentistry, SDM College of Dental Science and Hospital, Dharwad., Krishna Murti Pawan ,   Department of Public Health Dentistry, SDM College of Dental Science and Hospital, Dharwad.
Published: February 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the adult perceptions about communication with their dentist visit through self-designed questionnaire and various sociodemographic profile influencing communication with dentist Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted among 140 adults of Dharwad city using pre tested self-designed questionnaire in both Kannada and English language. Convenience method of sampling was incorporated and the subjects were asked to fill the questionnaire themselves. The response was collected and this data was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 21 version by means of descriptive statistics and chi square test. Findings were considered to be positive only if p value is <0.05. Results: 96%of subject visited dental college for treatment.89.2% of people felt that they understood the language spoken by the dentist.87.7% of subject felt dentist was emotional towards their complaints.90%of subject felt that dentist gave adequate time to listen to their health problem.50%of subject felt comfortable while communicating with the dentist of same gender. 95.7% felt that communication will be better with senior dentist rather than young dentist. Conclusions: Most of the subjects did not report any deficit in communication with the dentist during their visit. Oral health care professional should focus more on communication skills with patient who has economic problem and those who have dental fear or a problem-oriented visiting pattern.
Ranking methodology for Islamic banking sectors – modification of the conventional CAMELS method
Authors: Varga József , Bánkuti Gyöngyi
Published: February 2021

The state of banking systems is an important issue. The purpose of this paper was to test whether the well-known CAMELS microeconomic methodology, generally used for ranking banks, is applicable to evaluating Islamic banking systems. The hypothesis was tested by implementing a method for a particular case, public, free data – from 2013 till the first quarter of 2018 – on Islamic banking systems from the “Islamic Financial Services Board” (IFBS) database. As expected, modifications were necessary. First, because of the lack of data (in Islamic databases, no data refer to the management (“M”)), and second, to avoid the subjectivity of the five-degree method and to reach more sensibility. Thus, a hundred-level (standardized) rating system was introduced – “CAELS 100”, where “100” refers to the levels. The other part of the methodology – creating a simple average of the (now level 100) rating of raw indicators to get the letters of CA(M)ELS in the relevant period – remained unchanged. After the data cleaning, only six countries (Bahrain, Egypt, Kuwait, Oman, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates) were able to participate in the analysis.The result showed that Egypt, Turkey and Kuwait were the best ones respectively. Thus, it was concluded that this “CAELS 100” methodology is suitable for evaluating Islamic banking systems.
AcknowledgmentThe research was supported by the project “Intelligent specialization program at Kaposvár University”, No. EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00007.
Research on ride comfort of vibratory rollers: Part-2 Cab’s semi-active HPM with fuzzy control
Authors: Li Yuehan , Nguyen Vanliem , Guo Xiaoyan , Kang Yan
Published: February 2021

In order to further enhance the ride quality of vibratory roller’s cab used by the hydro-pneumatic mounts (HPM), based on a nonlinear dynamics model of the vibratory rollers under interaction of the deformable terrain and drum established based on Matlab/Simulink software, a semi-active cab’s HPM of vibratory rollers are then controlled by using the Fuzzy controller. The root-mean-square (RMS) of the accelerations of the vertical driver’s seat and the cab’s pitch angle have been used as objective studies. The research results indicate that the ride comfort of the driver's seat and the shaking of the cab are greatly affected under the deformable soil grounds, especially under a soft soil ground. However, with the HPM using the Fuzzy control, the RMS accelerations of the driver’s seat and cab pitch angle have been remarkably decreased by 40.1 % and 22.2 % under a hard soil ground. Therefore, the ride quality of the vibratory roller has been enhanced by the semi-active HPM.
Cancer risk assessment and modeling of groundwater contamination near industrial estate, Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Jalees Muhammad Irfan , Farooq Muhammad Umar , Shah Asma Tufail
Published: February 2021

More than 60% of the population of Pakistan has no access to safe drinking water. Industrial zones near populated areas make conditions more severe due to continuous contamination. The aim of this study was to use statistical tools for correlation and source identification and health risk assessment of contamination due to Sundar Industrial Estate (SIE), Lahore, Pakistan. Drinking and wastewater samples were collected from SIE and analyzed for physical, chemical, microbial, and heavy metals analysis. Results showed that heavy metals and microbial contamination were beyond the National Drinking Water Quality Standards of Pakistan while high values of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) wastewater were responsible for contamination of drinking water through seepage. There was a medium to strong correlation among parameters of all samples as indicated by Pearson correlation and analysis of variance. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis indicated sources of contamination, i.e., refuse leachate and untreated effluent discharges as main source of pollutants for drinking water. Health risk assessment showed a high intake of heavy metals through drinking water. Hazard quotient and hazard index indicated high probability of non-carcinogenic risk while cancer risk assessment suggested that out of every 100 of the population 93 people may suffer carcinogenic effects.
Integrated constructed wetlands treating industrial wastewater from seed production
Authors: Kiflay Elizabeth , Selemani Juma , Njau Karoli
Published: February 2021

The performance of an integrated wastewater treatment system composed of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW), floating constructed wetland (FCW), and anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) was studied for pollutant removal from seed production wastewater. Cyperus alternifolius (Umbrella Papyrus) plants were used in the HSSFCW, and Vetiveria zizanioides (Vetiver grass) in the FCW. The ABR was fed with 25 /d wastewater from its equalization tank. The average raw wastewater organic loading rate was 0.208 kg-COD/d. Grab wastewater samples were collected twice weekly for three months from each unit's inlet and outlet. The system's performance in removing biochemical oxygen demand (), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, nitrate, phosphate, and ammonium was studied. The average removal efficiencies obtained were 95.5% , 94.6% COD, 86.2% TSS, 76.6% turbidity, 82.4% nitrate, 76% phosphate, and 32.9% ammonium. The results show that integrating ABR, HSSFCW, and FCW improves pollutant removal from seed production wastewater, and the treated water can be used for agricultural purposes.
A neural network-based prediction model in water monitoring networks
Authors: Ji Xiaohong , Pan Ying , Jia Guoqing , Fang Weidong
Published: February 2021

To improve the prediction accuracy of ammonia nitrogen in water monitoring networks, the combination of a bio-inspired algorithm and back propagation neural network (BPNN) has often been deployed. However, due to the limitations of the bio-inspired algorithm, it would also fall into the local optimal. In this paper, the seagull optimization algorithm (SOA) was used to optimize the structure of BPNN to obtain a better prediction model. Then, an improved SOA (ISOA) was proposed, and the common functional validation method was used to verify its optimization performance. Finally, the ISOA was applied to improve BPNN, which is known as the improved seagull optimization algorithm–back propagation (ISOA–BP) model. The simulation results showed that the prediction accuracy of ammonia nitrogen was greatly improved and the proposed model can be better applied to the prediction of complex water quality parameters in water monitoring networks.
National Education Policy 2020 and Its Comparative Analysis with RTE
Authors: Malik Dr. Saroj
Published: February 2021

A child’s future depends on the form of education he/she receives. “Education begins at home”, there is no truer sentence, but the education a child acquires at school is just as important to mold the lifestyle of the child. Their career, psyche, mentality, connection with society depends on the education received at school. And a well-defined and well-planned education policy helps for the growth of a nation’s economy and social position. Based on the culture, tradition, and societal view, a country adopts an education policy. And with the growth observed in our country’s most valued possession, the intellectual youth, the adoption of a new education policy seems to be a progressive thought. This paper concentrates on highlighting the innovations and new adaptions in NEP 2020 along with its comparison with the existing policy, merits, implications, and improvements.
The Emerging Dynamics of Socio- Religious controversies and conflicts in South Western Ethopia
Authors: Akuma Kubura Gemeda , Silashi Fufa Fekede
Published: February 2021

This study deals with the emerging dynamics of socio-religious controversies and conflicts in south western Ethiopia particularly in Jimma Zone. Religious controversies and conflicts have become topics of discussion among peoples across Ethiopia, particularly in Jimma. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the emerging dynamics of socio-religious controversies and conflicts in Omo Nadda woreda. To this end, qualitative data gathering method was employed. A total of thirty six research participants: from the dwellers, religious leaders, administrative and police offices of woreda and zonal level were purposely selected and interviewed. Besides, FGDs and case study was conducted. The research participants were drawn from different social strata, gender, age, ethnic background, marital status and religious background. Moreover, relevant documents were reviewed. All the data generated through these data gathering tools were analyzed thematically and meanings were constructed out of them. The study examined and tried to identify different factors contributing to Muslim-Christian controversies and conflicts. Similarly, it explored how the emerging religious teachings undermined the healthy relationship between the inhabitants. The study further examined controversies over religious radicalization among different sections of the community and how the local authorities have been trying to resolve religious conflicts and mitigate religious controversies in south western Ethiopia.
Performance of Soybean Marketing in Emby, Tharaka Nithi and Meru Countries, Kenya
Authors: Mercy Ngum Ambe , Bett (PhD) Eric Kiprotich , Mugwe (PhD) Jayne N.
Published: February 2021

Current demand for soybean in Kenya exceeds supply despite numerous efforts by the government to increase production. Soybean farmers are faced with the difficulty in accessing the market reason for their reluctance in producing. Little is known about the soybean market in the central highlands of Kenya. This study was carried out with the aim to assess the structure conduct and performance of soybean markets in EmbuTharaka-Nithi and Meru Counties. Key informant interviews were carried out among soybean farmers’ groups, Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries and soybean processing companies. A structured questionnaire was administered to processors, wholesalers, retailers and assemblers of soybean. Data was collected mainly on characteristics of respondents and marketing information. The collected data were used to calculate Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI), gross margins, marketing margin, and marketing efficiency. The results of the study showed that there were eight important marketing channels with channel 1 being the most efficient followed by channel 7, 3, 8, 4, 2, 6 and 5 respectively. The HHI showed that wholesalers were competitive (0.0997); retailers were relatively competitive (0.1701) while processors indicated an oligopolistic market structure with an HHI index of 0.18. Farmers groups, wholesalers and assemblers sold their soybean to processors at a fixed price (60ksh) given by the processors. Quantities traded were low with an average of 333.3kg for wholesalers, 793.33kg for assemblers and 47kg for retailers. There were no trader associations in the study area even though farmers engaged in group marketing. The study concluded that Constraints to marketing by farmers included low prices, lack of processing equipment’s, inadequate marketing arrangements, and high cost of processing.
Boda-boda, Youth Employment and Globalisation in Uganda
Authors: Amone Charles
Published: February 2021

Formerly shunned due its notoriety for facilitating illicit trade and transporting criminals across Uganda’s international borders, the boda-boda transport industry gained fame in recent years and has become the second largest employer of youths all over Uganda, after agriculture. Recent scholarship on the bodaboda industry has however, concentrated on the risks embedded in it including high infection rates of HIV among the drivers and the daily accidents reported. Little attention has been paid to the contribution of the industry in youth employment. This paper discusses the role of boda-boda transport industry in solving the problem of unemployment among the youths in Uganda. The author interviewed seventeen boda-boda drivers in Uganda and thirty-four of their family members to establish how this transport business has impacted on employment opportunities, financial independence and globalisation of youths. The study revealed that whereas many youths have dropped out of school to take up the boda-boda business, profits of this trade have facilitated the education of some young people in Uganda and enabled them to globally connect with youths across the globe. The study recommends sensitisation, business skills training as well as adult and distant education opportunities for the youthful motorcycle drivers
Nuclear Long Non-Coding RNAs as Epigenetic Regulators in Cancer
Authors: Tachiwana Hiroaki , Saitoh Noriko
Published: February 2021

Background:

Transcriptome analyses have revealed the presence of numerous
long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in mammalian cells. Many lncRNAs are expressed in
development-, differentiation-, and disease-specific manners, suggesting their importance
as cell regulators. Some nuclear lncRNAs are bound to specific genomic loci, either near
or distant from their own transcription sites, and regulate gene expression in cis or trans.
These lncRNAs recruit epigenetic factors, including the DNA methyl transferase and histone
modification complex, and mediate both the 3D genome structure and nuclear domains.
LncRNAs are now considered as an emerging member of epigenetic regulators.
LncRNAs are dysregulated in various types of cancer and act as either oncogenic or tumor-
suppressing factors. They are involved in virtually all of the cancer hallmarks and
are potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Objective:

In this review, we describe several representative lncRNAs and provide a current
overview of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs participate in epigenetic regulation
and contribute to cancer development.
Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Sleep-Wake Disturbances in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Jung Yu Jin , Kim Han-Joon , Paek Sun Ha , Jeon Beomseok
Published: February 2021

Sleep-wake disturbances (SWD) are one of the most common non-motor symptoms in
the Parkinson's disease (PD) and can appear in the early stage, even before the onset of motor
symptoms. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for the motor symptoms in patients
with advanced PD. However, the effect of DBS on SWD and its specific mechanisms are not
widely understood and remain controversial. In addition to the circuit-mediated direct effect, DBS
may improve SWD by an indirect effect, such as the resolution of nocturnal motor complications
and a reduction of dopaminergic medication. Here, the authors review the recent literatures regarding
the impact of DBS on SWD in patients with PD. Furthermore, the selection of the DBS targets
and the specific effects of applying DBS to each target on SWD in PD are also discussed.
Visual and Quantitative Assessment of COVID-19 Pneumonia on Chest CT: The Relationship with Disease Severity and Clinical Findings
Authors: Kaya Furkan , Konya Petek Şarlak , Demirel Emin , Demirtürk Neşe , Orhan Semiha , Ufuk Furkan
Published: February 2021

Background:

Lungs are the primary organ involved in COVID-19, and the severity of
pneumonia in COVID-19 patients is an important cause of morbidity and mortality.

Aim:

We aimed to evaluate the pneumonia severity through the visual and quantitative assessment
on chest computed tomography (CT) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and
compare the CT findings with clinical and laboratory findings.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated adult COVID-19 patients who underwent chest CT along
with theirclinical scores, laboratory findings, and length of hospital stay. Two independent radiologists
visually evaluated the pneumonia severity on chest CT (VSQS). Quantitative CT (QCT) assessment
was performed using a free DICOM viewer, and the percentage of the well-aerated lung
(%WAL), high-attenuation areas (%HAA) at different threshold values, and mean lung attenuation
(MLA) values were calculated. The relationship between CT scores and the clinical, laboratory data,
and the length of hospital stay were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. The student's t-test
and chi-square test were used to analyze the differences between the variables. The Pearson correlation
test analyzed the correlation between the variables. The diagnostic performance of the variables
was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results:

The VSQS and QCT scores were significantly correlated with procalcitonin, d-dimer, ferritin,
and C-reactive protein levels. Both VSQ and QCT scores were significantly correlated with
the disease severity (p < 0.001). Among the QCT parameters, the %HAA-600 value showed the
best correlation with the VSQS (r = 730, p < 0.001). VSQS and QCT scores had high sensitivity
and specificity in distinguishing disease severity and predicting prolonged hospitalization.

Conclusion:

The VSQS and QCT scores can help manage the COVID-19 and predict the duration
of the hospitalization.
COVID-19: Challenges and its Technological Solutions using IoT
Authors: Ajaz Farhana , Naseem Mohd , Sharma Sparsh , Shabaz Mohammad , Dhiman Gaurav
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has affected many countries in a short span of
time. People worldwide are susceptible to this deadly disease. To control the prevailing havoc of
coronavirus, researchers are adopting techniques like plasma therapy, proning, medicines, etc. To
stop the rapid spread of COVID-19, contact tracing is one of the important ways to check the infected
people. This paper explains the various challenges people and health practitioners are facing due
to COVID-19. In this paper, various ways with which the impact of COVID-19 can be controlled
using IoT technology have been discussed. A six-layer architecture of IoT solutions for containing
the deadly COVID-19 has been proposed. In addition to this, the role of machine learning techniques
for diagnosing COVID-19 has been discussed in this paper, and a quick explanation of the
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) applications for contact tracing has also been specified. From the
study conducted, it is evident that IoT solutions can be used in various ways for restricting the impact
of COVID-19. Furthermore, IoT can be used in the healthcare sector to assure people's safety
and good health with minimal costs.
Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Ethanolic Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil
Authors: Hiromoto Patricia Joho , Umeda Wellington Mamoro , Jorge Neuza
Published: February 2021

Background:

The current interest in natural antioxidants from vegetable sources, mainly in bioactive antioxidants, has been increasing in Brazil. The Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is rich in bioactive compounds, besides having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of hibiscus extract on the oxidative stability of soybean oil in an accelerated storage test.

Methods:

The ethanolic extracts of calyces and hibiscus seeds were evaluated for total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity using DPPH, FRAP, and β-carotene/linoleic acid. The treatments identified as OS, Tocopherol, Extract, and Mixture, were prepared and submitted to accelerated storage at 60°C. The samples were analyzed on days 0, 6, and 12 for peroxides index, p-anisidine, total oxidation value, oxidative stability, and tocopherols.

Results:

The extract of calyces of hibiscus presented higher amounts of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore, it was added to soybean oil. The Extract treatment promoted greater efficiency to inhibit the formation of primary and secondary compounds of lipid oxidation. It provided high oxidative stability to the soybean oil, in addition to greater retention of tocopherols, mainly α- and γ-tocopherol isomers.

Conclusion:

Among the treatments studied, Extract promoted greater efficiency in the inhibition of the formation of primary and secondary compounds of lipid oxidation, besides providing greater oxidative stability and greater retention of tocopherols during storage.
STABIL-study: The Course of Therapy, Safety and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Conversion of Prograf® to Tacrolimus HEXAL®/Crilomus® in Renal Transplant Recipients – An Observational Study in Germany
Authors: Lehner Lukas J. , Kalb Klaus , Weigand Karl , Pein Ulrich , Schenker Peter , Seeger Wolfgang , Roehle Robert , Dienes Kerstin , Halleck Fabian , Budde Klemens
Published: February 2021

Background/Objective:

Tacrolimus HEXAL®/Crilomus® is an approved generic immunosuppressant
for the prevention and treatment of rejection following renal transplantation. For
safe and socioeconomically efficient conversion of the innovator into a generic formulation, high-
-quality data are necessary, in view of the different and country-specific comorbidities and pharmacokinetics
in kidney transplant recipients.

Patients and Methods:

From 2014 to 2017, we enrolled 32 kidney transplant recipients, receiving
newly prescribed Tacrolimus HEXAL®/Crilomus® in 5 German centers. Efficacy and safety data
were collected over 6-8 months and retrospectively compared to the period prior to conversion.

Results:

The mean tacrolimus trough level was 4.91 ng/mL Standard Deviation (SD) (SD ±1.7) before
and 5.06 ng/mL (SD ±1.97) after conversion. Mean tacrolimus trough concentration-dose-ratio
(+/- SD) was 187.1 ng/mL/mg/kg/day (SD 99.2) for the reference and 205.1 ng/mL/mg/kg/day (SD
133) for the generic product, resulting in a non-significant difference of 18.0 ng/mL/mg/kg/day
(SD 71.8) (p=0.84, Wilcoxon V=180). Overall, dosing had to be changed in 4 (14.8%) patients.
Graft function remained stable and no rejections occurred.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, conversion to the generic tacrolimus formulation can be considered
safe and feasible in long-term kidney transplant recipients in Germany. As suggested by guidelines,
vigilant therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended to account for possible tacrolimus concentration
variability on the individual patient level.
Dental Pulp from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth-derived Stromal Cells Demonstrated Neuronal Potential: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Hochuli Agner H.D. , Senegaglia Alexandra C. , Selenko Ana H. , Fracaro Letícia , Brofman Paulo R.S.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) have the potential for self-renewal
and differentiation in different tissues, characteristics that encourage their use in regenerative
medicine. Dental tissue MSCs are easy to collect, have the same embryonic origin as neurons and
have neuronal markers that allow their use in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Human Exfoliated
Deciduous teeth (SHED)-derived stromal cells are considered immature and present positive expression
of pluripotency and neuronal markers. Studies have shown that after the induction of neuronal
differentiation in vitro, SHED increased the expression of neuronal markers, such as βIIItubulin,
nestin, GFAP, NeuN, and NFM, demonstrating the potential use of these cells in preclinical
studies. The results of this review reflect the consensus that in diseases such as spinal cord injury,
cerebral ischaemia, and Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, SHED could function in the suppression
of the inflammatory response, neuroprotection, and neuronal replacement.

Conclusion:

For these cells to be used in large-scale clinical trials, standardization of the isolation
techniques and theneuronal induction medium are necessary. The potential of SHED to induce neuronal
differentiation is evident, demonstrating that this resource is promising and shows great potential
for use in future preclinical and clinical trials of neurodegenerative diseases.
Assessment of Trabecular Bone During Dental Implant Planning using Cone-beam Computed Tomography with High-resolution Parameters
Authors: Bohner Lauren , Tortamano Pedro , Gremse Felix , Chilvarquer Israel , Kleinheinz Johannes , Hanisch Marcel
Published: February 2021

Background:

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) with high-resolution parameters may provide an acceptable resolution for bone assessment.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study is to assess trabecular bone using two cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices with high-resolution parameters in comparison to micro-computed tomography (µCT).

Methods:

Bone samples (n=8) were acquired from dry mandibles and scanned by two CBCT devices: 1) VV (Veraview R100, Morita; FOV 4x4, 75kV, 9mA, voxel size 0.125µm); and PR (Prexion 3D, Prexion; FOV 5x5, 90kV, 4mA, 37s, voxel size 108µm). Gold-standard images were acquired using µCT (SkyScan 1272; Bruker; 80kV, 125mA, voxel size 16µm). Morphometric parameters (BvTv- Bone Volume Fraction, BsBv- Trabecular specific surface, TbTh- Trabecular thickness and TbSp- Trabecular separation) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed within ANOVA, Spearman Correlation test and Bland-Altmann plots with a statistical significance level at p=0.05.

Results:

CBCT devices showed similar BvTv values in comparison to µCT. No statistical difference was found for BvTv parameters assessed by CBCT devices and µCT. BsBv values were underestimated by CBCT devices (p<0.01), whereas TbTh and TbSp values were overestimated by them (p<0.01). Positive correlations were found between VV and µCT measurements for BvTv (r2= 0.65, p=0.00), such as between PR and µCT measurements for TbSp (r2= 0.50, p=0.04). For BsBv measurements, PR was negatively correlated with µCT (r2= -0.643, p=0.01).

Conclusion:

The evaluated CBCT device was able to assess trabecular bone. However, bone parameters were under or overestimated in comparison to µCT.
Religious Fundamentalism between Traits and Values
Authors: Carlucci Leonardo , Geertz Armin W. , Picconi Laura , Balsamo Michela
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Religious fundamentalism is a complex religious phenomenon that involves cultural and social domains. Like values, it would potentially provide a description of how human beings should be. Nevertheless, extensive research has focused on the association between traits and fundamentalism, while the link with values has so far been neglected.

Methods:

We examined how traits and values might predict religious fundamentalism in a sample of 250 Italian Catholics (57.5% females).

Results:

Results partially confirmed the significant positive correlation between neuroticism and consciousness traits and religious fundamentalism, and highlighted the strong positive association with openness to change/conservative dimension value. In addition, when the overlap between traits and values was controlled for, hierarchical regression showed that values predicted fundamentalism better than traits.

Conclusion:

These findings could support the hypothesis that religious fundamentalism can be conceptualized as a motivational-goal attitude trait more than an enduring disposition.