bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘The Cruelty Towards Others Like Ourselves… is Difficult to Imagine Here as You Turn to Swim Your Twentieth Length.’ Swimming and Dreaming of Elsewhere with John Berger
Authors: Croft Jo
Published: February 2021

Swimming, like reading, is an immersive activity: words wash away, and words arise. Engaging with writings by critics who are also swimmers, principally John Berger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, this article explores their writings about swimming in relation to how being in water can ‘conjure stories from the water’, and open up particular kinds of reflection and reverie. The fluidity of water spaces creates an imaginary that enables intellectually sensuous dreaming, while the ebb and flow of movements and identifications establish a poetics of swimming as a form of life writing.
The Association of Time to Organ Procurement on Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Eerola Verner , Helanterä Ilkka , But Anna , Lempinen Marko , Mäkisalo Heikki , Nordin Arno , Isoniemi Helena , Sallinen Ville
Published: February 2021

Background and objectives

Transplant centers in Europe aim to minimize the time from brain death to organ procurement (procurement delay), but evidence to justify this is scarce. In the United States, procurement times are significantly longer. Our objective was to analyze how procurement delay associates with kidney allograft outcomes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Kidney transplantations from brain-dead donors were retrospectively analyzed from the Finnish Kidney Transplant Registry and the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients in the United States. Multivariable models were adjusted with donor and recipient characteristics, and the relationship between procurement delay and outcomes was modeled with cubic spline functions.

Results

In total, 2388 and 101,474 kidney transplantations in Finland and the United States were included, respectively. The median procurement delay was 9.8 hours (interquartile range, 7.8–12.4) in Finland and 34.8 hours (interquartile range, 26.3–46.3) in the United States. A nonlinear association was observed between procurement delay and the risk of delayed graft function, with highest risk seen in short and very long procurement delays. In multivariable models, the lowest risk of delayed graft function was associated with procurement delay between 20 and 50 hours. In multivariable models, longer procurement delay was linearly associated with lower risk of graft loss (hazard ratio, 0.90/1 h longer; 95% confidence interval, 0.88 to 0.92; P<0.001). Acute rejection rates, for which data were only available from Finland, were not associated with procurement delay.

Conclusions

Longer procurement delay was associated with noninferior or even better kidney allograft outcomes.
The Effects of Electricity Sources on the Cost of Electricity in Panama
Authors: De La Guardia Alfredo , Badiane Kemo
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify which electricity production sources have a significant effect on the marginal cost of electricity in Panama. Panama, like most Central American countries, relies on hydroelectric power, thermoelectric power and electricity purchases. We only collected secondary data provided by the official entities in order to ensure that the numbers used for the study were consistent. Linear regression analysis was used to find the model that describes the behavior of the marginal cost more accurately. The findings of the study confirm the need for less oil-dependent electricity production alternatives in order to achieve lower electricity prices in Panama.
ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ АДДИТИВНОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ FFF ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ДЕТАЛЕЙ МЕТОДОМ ЛВМ
Authors: Дикарева В. , Петров П. , Жихарева Е. , Молчанов Р.
Published: February 2021

Представлена расширенная оценка экономической целесооб­разности применения аддитивной технологии FFF для 3D-печати выплавляемых моделей из воскоподобного пластика. Предложена регрессионная модель расчета стоимости изготовления, учитывающая сложность детали и ее объем.
СТАТИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ДЕФЕКТОВ ПРОКАТНЫХ ВАЛКОВ
Authors: Скрипка В. , Минязева Л.
Published: February 2021

Предложено оценивать качество поверхности на основе статистической обработки результатов измерения отклонения формы поверхности валков, рассматриваемой как случайный пространственный процесс. В качестве оценки диагностического параметра используется значение корреляционной функции измерительных сигналов, соответствующих соседним участкам поверхности, что создаёт предпосылки для повышения достоверности контроля и диагностики прокатных станов.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЧНОСТНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МЕХАНИЗМА ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ, РЕАЛИЗУЮЩЕГО ДВИЖЕНИЕ ШЁНФЛИСА
Authors: Борисов В.
Published: February 2021

На основании анализа современных технических решений ведущих мировых производителей манипуляторов с механизмами параллельной структуры установлен диапазон грузоподъемностей таких манипуляторов и реализовано компьютерное моделирование нагрузки для механизма параллельной структуры с четырьмя степенями свободы, реализующего движение Шёнфлиса.
Teori som verktyg
Authors: Brunsson Karin
Published: February 2021

I en nyutkommen antologi beskrivs sexton teorier och perspektiv som företagsekonomer har använt sig av. Utgångspunkten är att teorier är verktyg, som alla studenter och blivande forskare behöver. Det gäller bara att välja. Synsättet tycks inspirerat av allmänna föreställningar om management och chefers beslutsfattande. Men läroböckernas föreskrifter och modeller är sällan tillämpliga i praktiken. Av både chefer och forskare krävs flexibilitet och kreativitet. Verktyg kan begränsa lika mycket som de underlättar. Vad händer om företagsekonomer överger sin devota inställning till teori och i stället ägnar sig åt angelägna organisations- och samhällsproblem?
Is there a place for bronchiolitis in the COVID-19 era? Lack of hospitalizations due to common respiratory viruses during the 2020 winter
Authors: Ferrero Fernando , Ossorio Maria
Published: February 2021

It was recently reported that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in the
European winter 2020-2021, bronchiolitis had practically disappeared.
But early reports from the southern hemisphere (Australia) raised
concerns about a late spring / summer peak. After a full winter season
and now ending the summer, we report that there was no peak of common
respiratory viruses in late spring / summer in South America.
Metodo Delphi a supporto della analisi delle alternative di impianti per la produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili
Authors: Salvatore Stefano , Lascio Generoso Di
Published: February 2021

Il metodo Delphi è un metodo di indagine iterativo che utilizza le
risposte (tipicamente costituito da opinioni) di un
questionario standardizzato fornite da un gruppo di esperti (detto
panel) per risolvere un problema, in genere di natura decisionale o
previsionale .

Si svolge in un certo numero di iterazioni, o meglio round, durante i
quali il gruppo di controllo che gestisce il processo, fornisce ai
partecipanti del “panel” una sintesi statistica delle risposte date
durante il round precedente. Gli intervistati non comunicano tra loro e
rispondono in forma anonima ad un questionario, risolvendo diversi
problemi tipici delle dinamiche decisionali di gruppo.

L’obiettivo principale del Delphi è la convergenza di opinioni ovvero,
di fronte a un problema, facilitare il raggiungimento di decisioni
comuni il più possibile condivise. La convergenza di opinioni va intesa,
dunque, come un processo di strutturazione della comunicazione che
convoglia più pareri validi sulla questione trattata verso delle
conclusioni che vengono il più possibile condivise.

Esistono numerosi metodi per la convergenza di opinioni e, fra questi,
il metodo Delphi è storicamente considerato il capostipite.
Unfulfilled promise: How and why citizen initiative was created in British Columbia
Authors:   , Ritchie Trevor
Published: February 2021

Democracy serves as a governing philosophy where decisions are made by a vote of the population. Due to the large numbers of citizens who live in modern democracies, this is mainly done through elections to legislative assemblies as a form of representative democracy. But representative democracy does not always ensure policy alignment between citizens and elected representatives. Citizen initiatives serve as a means of promoting greater policy alignment by allowing citizens to propose their own legislation, to be voted on by the electorate. This thesis investigates why British Columbia chose to enact citizen initiative alone among Canadian provinces, and also why British Columbia’s policy was written with the provisions and constraints that elected representatives chose to include. The research shows that key individuals in power used their influence to advocate for citizen initiative in the province, and that British Columbia’s citizen initiative process was written to accommodate constitutional requirements and public opinion on what citizen initiative should look like.
Issues of accessibility in the north: An analysis of transportation and the highway of tears
Authors:   , Shuvera Cassidy
Published: February 2021

The Highway of Tears is a term that is known across northern British Columbia. Since 1969, women and girls have gone missing and been found murdered along the 724 km stretch of Highway 16 between Prince Rupert and Prince George, British Columba. Many of these women were trying to get from one destination to another when their safety was compromised. These individuals were from communities with few transportation options available and where hitchhiking is a common form of transportation. Using an interdisciplinary perspective including northern studies, political science, and women’s studies I will analyze the issues of transportation in the north in connection to the Highway of Tears case. In particular I will examine how the Highway 16 Transportation Action Plan developed in order to determine what happened and why it took ten years for a policy response to emerge that addressed safety concerns and transportation gaps in the north.
Technology Assessment Principles and Prospects: European Union Experience
Authors:   NRU MPEI, Andreev Andrey L. , Malinovskaya Nina M. ,   NRU MPEI
Published: February 2021

The authors of the article, who were among the participants to the IV European Conference on Technology Assessment held in November 2019 in Bratislava, set a goal not only to inform the readers about its results, but also to draw the attention of our engineers, scientists and educationists to the interdisciplinary problem of technology assessment. Technology assessment principles were considered from the viewpoint of the fundamental documents adopted by world leaders and characterizing the policy of developed countries in the field of science and technology. The Good Governance Principles implied the participation of various stakeholders in decision-making; however, there arises a problem about the competence of these parties. Since 2011, technology assessment institutional and organizational principles are being actively developed in the European Union: financial and educational programs, forums and meetings, publications, and establishment of special research organizations. Conferences on technology assessment have been held since 2013. The forum participants also touched another key issue – how to digitize the indicators characterizing the extent to which the supported development goals have been achieved. Discussion of the consequences of already developed and applied technologies with an unpredictable benefit-to-harm ratio has been recognized to be an outdated form of assessment. Collaboration has become the key word that sets the tone. Nonetheless, the transition to a new model, in which the right to vote will be given to the public members united with incorruptible competent scientists-experts, will not be an easy and conflict-free process. The Russian academic and engineering community is gradually joining the pan-European movement; however, the teaching of social and humanitarian disciplines still remains the only form for technology assessment institutionalization in our country. There are proposals to set up a laboratory for social expertise of technological projects at the MPEI Department of Philosophy, Political Science and Sociology, which could also act as a crowdsourcing platform uniting researchers in the sociology of technology.
Renewable Energy Sources in the Decentralized Power Supply System of Several Districts in Cote dIvoire
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Gorbunova Mariya L. , Yao Donatien  Kouassi ,   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: February 2021

The article summarizes the results of research works carried out by the authors on matters concerned with assessment of decentralized energy. The main aim of the study was to estimate the influence of decentralized generation on the life activities of the selected districts and the country as a whole. To identify the effects from introduction of decentralized generation technologies, a case study analysis method was used. The analysis was carried out on the basis of 3 from 14 districts of Côte d’Ivoire, which are the least electrified points and are regarded to be strategic ones in transporting power to the neighboring countries. As a result of the study, technological, economic and social effects have been identified. The technological effects include achieving better reliability of power supply, reducing the environmental burden, including emissions and others. The economic and social effects are that power supply becomes available to consumers, and the electricity becomes cheaper.
The Role of Vertically Integrated Structures in Industry Markets
Authors:   PJSC «FGC UES», Zhilkina Yuliya V.
Published: February 2021

The electric power industry is a basic sector of Russia's economy that creates necessary conditions for the activity of productive forces and life of the population. The results of electric power industry reorganization in our country are rather ambiguous. The structural changes were carried without taking the vertical integration principles in consideration, which had a significant impact on the pricing policy and investment programs. The results of studying the current state of the sector in the Russian Federation are presented, and recommendations on solving the existing problems based on the vertical integration principles are given. It is pointed out that vertically integrated companies that manage generation, distribution, transmission, and sales do not come in contradiction with the market conditions and, what is more, guarantee the power supply reliability. The relevance of this problem is stemming from the fact that the prices for electricity have a significant influence on the country economy as a whole. Under the currently existing conditions of the rapidly changing world policy, it is especially important to use vertical integration for gaining the maximum efficiency. Thus, these principles are the basis for creating an optimal market structure.
Cluj-Napoca without Students: An Estimation of the Gapi in the City’s Economy
Authors: CHIRCĂ Andrei , LAZĂR Dan Tudor
Published: February 2021

In the new context of COVID-19, the authors assess the economic gap of the absence of students from Cluj-Napoca for one month due to the pandemic quarantine and isolation. The economic gap is presented in terms of estimated expenditures that did not occur, on an average monthly basis. The estimations are based on the survey data carried among Babeș-Bolyai University students that assessed its students’ expenditure for the year of 2015 in Cluj-Napoca. Our results suggest that due to the absence of the student population from Cluj-Napoca, around 33.4 million Euros is the expected amount of loss per month through spending that does not occur.
Urban Regeneration and Changes Driven by Tourism and the ‘Skopje 2014’ Project
Authors: ILIEV Dejan
Published: February 2021

The current paper explores the relationship between urban regeneration, tourism and culture, and offers a common approach that each of these three concepts can bring. The paper proposes and develops a new and integrated conceptual analytical framework. The analysis uses the example of the capital Skopje, which provides a suitable framework for interpreting the process. The study uses combined research methods and analysis to obtain a critical synthesis. Skopje has catalyzed a new example of urban regeneration driven by tourism and the ‘Skopje 2014’ project. The results show that, except for the old city’s core, which was generally refurbished with the ‘Skopje 2014’ project, new tourist values were also promoted in other peripheral municipalities of the city. The number, spatial concentration and nationality of foreign tourists have changed in the analyzed period. As well, the findings indicate changes in the geography and business of hotels/accommodation establishments and their increasing use in recent years. This study fits into the theoretical debate on the determinants of tourism/culture-led urban regeneration and provides appropriate theoretical contributions to literature, as well as a set of recommendations that can be useful for public sector authorities and policymakers.
Universities as ‘Drivers’ of Local and Regional Development
Authors: PROFIROIU Marius Constantin , BRIȘCARIU Maria-Roxana
Published: February 2021

"The society based on knowledge and innovation brings to the fore the role of universities as research and learning spaces, with the purpose for sustainable development, at local, regional, national and global levels. Following this approach, we explore the capacity of spreading the knowledge and innovation capital in the North-West region of Romania between universities, the private sector and the public sector. Also, the study explores the role taken by the university system in Romania, locally and regionally, emphasizing what type of relationship defines the exchange of outputs and what are the most useful know-how transfer mechanisms from universities to the private and public sectors.
The empirical research in this paper has shown that there is a growing relationship between universities – private sector – public sector, which is characterized as ‘in an incipient phase’, ‘based on urgent needs of the parties’. All of the actors involved in this triad want to develop the links between universities – private sector – public sector in communication, research, innovation and technology, and they suggest standardization and regulation of this interaction and developing a legal framework to correspond to the actual needs at local and regional levels."
Perspectives in Sociology of Education: Basil Bernstein and Popular Education
Authors: Leite Ivonaldo
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to describe some contributions of the British sociologist Basil Bernstein to Popular Education. In this sense, methodologically, it reviews Bernstein's main works and addresses some bases and perspectives of Popular Education. Thus, initially the paper develops an approach on Bernstein's thought and then focuses on Popular Education, taking into account its European and Latin American characterisation. It finds out three contributions in Bernstein's sociology that are important for Popular Education, namely, (1) the theorization about speech codes; (2) the approach on so-called communicative pedagogy; (3) the dimension related to social change.
Basic Equation for the Different Coupled Equations between the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics at Strong Coupling
Authors: Shahsavari Saeed
Published: February 2021

For some physical processes, the first and second laws of thermodynamics can be at strong coupling. Also, it is possible that the familiar inequalities of macroscopic thermodynamics cannot be used in the analysis of the system, and it is needed that the inequalities rewrote as equalities. In these cases, the work, internal energy, dissipated energy, and entropy production must be considered and identified together. In this paper, the basic equation for the different coupled equations between the first and second laws of thermodynamics at strong coupling is extracted. Also, inspired by the first and second laws of thermodynamics and different approaches to the second law, a thermophysical equation for thermodynamics is extracted. This equation can be used instead of the first and second laws of thermodynamics as to the analysis of the performed process these laws must be established together. It is tried that effective internal energy, directly to be related to the entropy or vice versa, in one general equation. Also, the presented equation is in the same line with the different approaches to the second law and energy structure theory.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELANGGARAN HAK MEREK DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Nurjannah St.
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe form of law enforcement against brand violations in the city of Makassar has been regulated in Law No. 20 of 2016 that has been good and perfect because it has gone through several revisions and in practice, law enforcement against these violations has been carried out well by investigators of the civil service Ministry of Law and Human Rights who work closely with the Republic of Indonesia National Police investigators and Public Prosecutors. But it is needed addition to the number of civil servant investigators in the scope of ministries that specifically deal with violations of brand rights and IPR as a whole so that enforcement and implementation of the Law / 20 of 2016 is more maximal. The stipulation of laws concerning brands which constitute complaint offenses must be changed to the usual offense of enforcement of violations of Brand Rights which can be immediately processed by the authorities without waiting for a complaint.Key Words: Law Enforcement, Brand RightsAbstrakBentuk penegakan hukum terhadap pelanggaran merek di kota Makassar telah diatur didalam UU No. 20 Tahun 2016 yang telah bagus dan sempurna karena telah melalui beberapakali revisi dan dalam prakteknya, penegakan hukum terhadap pelanggaran ini telah dijalankan dengan baik oleh penyidik pegawai negeri sipil kementerian Hukum dan Ham yang berkerja sama dengan penyidik Kepolisian Negara republik Indonesia serta Penuntut Umum. Namun, diperlukan penambahan jumlah penyidik pegawai negeri sipil dilingkup kementrian yang khusus menangani pelanggaran hak merek dan HKI secara keseluruhan agar penegakan dan penerapan UU/20 tahun 2016 lebih maksimal. Penetapan UU tentang merek yang merupakan delik aduan harus diubah menjadi delik biasa sehingga penegakan terhadap pelanggaran Hak Merek dapat segera diproses oleh pihak yang berwajib tanpa menunggu adanya aduan.Kata Kunci: Penegakan Hukum, Hak Merek
PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN ATAS JUAL BELI RUMAH DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Sinilele Ashar
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe legal relationship that arises in the sale and purchase utilization of houses between consumers and developers not only takes place due to an agreement (binding sale and purchase agreement), but also arises because of the provisions of the law (legal engagement relationship). The legal relationship takes place at each transaction process/stage, both the pre-transaction stage, the transaction stage and the post/transactional stage. The legal relationship takes place at every transaction process/stage, so that legal protection must also be obtained by each consumer in each transaction stage. Legal protection for consumer rights in the process of buying and selling stages and ownership of residential houses has been regulated and stated in various legal provisions and legislation consisting of the Civil Code, Law number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law number 4 of 1992 concerning Housing and Settlements, and Law Number 18 of 1999 concerning Construction Services. To realize consumer protection is carried out as a joint effort based on the principle of benefits, the principle of justice, the principle of balance, the principle of security and the principle of legal certainty.Keywords: Consumer Protection, Legal Relationship, Sale and Purchase.AbstrakHubungan hukum yang timbul dalam jual beli dan pemanfaatan rumah  antara konsumen dan developer tidak hanya berlangsung karena adanya perjanjian (perjanjian pengikatan jual beli) semata, tetapi juga timbul karena ketentuan undang-undang (hubungan hukum perikatan). Hubungan hukum tersebut berlangsung pada setiap proses/tahapan transaksi, baik tahap pra transaksi, tahap transaksi maupun tahap purna/pascatransaksi. Hubungan hukum tersebut berlangsung pada setiap proses/tahapan transaksi, sehingga perlindungan hukum harus pula diperoleh setiap konsumen dalam setiap tahapan transaksi. Perlindungan hukum atas hak-hak konsumen dalam proses tahapan jual beli dan pemilikan rumah tinggal telah diatur dan tercantum dalam berbagai ketentuan hukum dan perundang-undangan yang terdiri dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Undang-Undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang-Undang No. 4 Tahun 1992 tentang Perumahan dan Permukiman,  dan Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 1999 tentang Jasa Konstruksi. Untuk mewujudkan perlindungan konsumen diselenggarakan sebagai usaha bersama berdasarkan asas manfaat, asas keadilan, asas keseimbangan, asas keamanan dan asas kepastian hukum.Kata Kunci : Hubungan Hukum, Jual Beli, Perlindungan Konsumen.
KONSUMTIVISME DAN STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Sastrawati Nila
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe needs and desires to become entities, are very difficult to distinguish when examining the current economic actions of society. The community economic growth is increase, both in terms of the availability of resources (means of exchange), the availability of commodities, communication and information technology, the ease of online-based economic transactions, were being supporting factors of the economy and the needs of community. This reality presents a new social phenomenon where an increase in purchasing power is no longer oriented to value of use of an item or service, but has shifted to the symbolic meaning of the goods and services. This was observed by a French philosopher, Jean Baudrillard by analyzing a society that experienced a shift in the concept of consumption from use value to sign value. The control of consumption is significantly able to influence the rational actions of use value toward consumptive actions for other communities, and encourage the creation of socioeconomic status through the conception of a lifestyle of ownership of goods and services.Keywords: Consumivism, Economy, Status, Society.AbstrakKebutuhan dan keinginan menjadi entitas yang sangat sulit dibedakan ketika mengkaji tindakan ekonomi masyarakat saat ini. Pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat yang semakin meningkat baik dari aspek ketersediaan sumber daya (alat tukar), ketersediaan komoditi, teknologi komunikasi dan informasi, kemudahan dalam transaksi ekonomi berbasis online, menjadi faktor pendukung bergulirnya roda perekonomian dan pemenuhan kebutuhan dalam masyarakat. Realitas ini menghadirkan fenomena sosial baru dimana terjadi peningkatan daya beli yang bukan lagi berorientasi pada nilai guna suatu barang atau jasa, tetapi telah bergeser pada makna simbolik dari barang dan jasa tersebut. Hal tersebut diamati seorang filsuf Prancis, Jean Baudrillard dengan menganalisis masyarakat yang mengalami pergeseran konsep konsumsi dari nilai guna menjadi nilai tanda. Penguasaan konsumsi secara signifikan mampu mempengaruhi tindakan rasional bernilai guna kearah tindakan konsumtif bagi masyarakat lainnya, dan mendorong terciptanya status sosial ekonomi melalui konsepsi gaya hidup atas kepemilikan barang dan jasa.Kata Kunci : Ekonomi, Konsumtivisme, Masyarakat , Status.
ANAK ANGKAT DALAM HUKUM KEWARISAN ISLAM DAN HUKUM PERDATA
Authors: Aisyah Nur
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe issue of adoption has been determined in Islamic law and civil law. Where both legal instruments state that the adoption of a child is something that is allowed as long as it is in the best interest of the adopted child. However, problems arise regarding adoption of children associated with inheritance issues. In Islamic law and civil law have different provisions. In Islamic law the status of adopted children can’t be equated with biological children so that they can’t receive inheritance from their adopted parents. However, the adopted child is entitled to get a will from his adoptive parents provided that no more than one-third of the assets of the adoptive parents. Whereas according to the law code of civil law states that the adopted child as a family member can get the inheritance from the adoptive parents based on the provisions of the applicable law (ab instestato) or with a will (testament).Keywords: Adopted Children, Civil Law, Inheritance, Islamic Law, Mandatory Wills.AbstrakPersoalan pengangkatan anak telah ditentukan dalam hukum Islam dan hukum perdata. Dimana kedua perangkat hukum tersebut menyatakan bahwa pengangkatan anak adalah sesuatu yang diperbolehkan selama demi kepentingan terbaik bagi anak angkat. Akan tetapi muncul persoalan terhadap pengangkatan anak yang dikaitkan dengan persoalan waris. Dalam hukum Islam dan hukum perdata mempunyai ketentuan yang berbeda. Dalam hukum Islam status anak angkat itu tidak dapat disamakan dengan anak kandung sehingga tidak dapat menerima harta warisan dari orang tua angkatnya. Meskipun demikian, anak angkat tersebut berhak mendapatkan wasiat dari orang tua angkatnya dengan ketentuan tidak boleh lebih dari sepertiga harta kekayaan orang tua angkat. Sedangkan menurut kitab undang-undang hukum perdata menyatakan bahwa anak angkat sebagai anggota keluarga dapat memperoleh harta warisan dari orang tua angkatnya berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang yang berlaku (ab instestato) ataupun dengan adanya surat wasiat (testament).Kata Kunci : Anak Angkat, Hukum Islam, Hukum Perdata, Warisan, Wasiat Wajibah.
AKTUALISASI KONSEP EKONOMI ADIL MENURUT AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Sohrah Sohrah
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe conversation about the economy is actual and interesting to be studied all the time. This problem is actual and interesting because in line with the times, humans have never escaped economic problems with various problems. At present, the rapid development of the global economy requires a strong foundation so as not to experience conflicts of interest. Islamic economics is present in essence is a metamorphosis of Islamic values in the economy and is intended to dismiss the notion that Islam is a religion that only regulates the problem of ubudiyah or vertical communication between humans (creatures) and God. In other words, the emergence of Islamic economics is a form of sociological articulation and practical concepts of Islamic values that have been seen as doctrinaire and normative. Thus, Islam is a practical dien (way of life) and its teachings aren’t only rules of life that concern aspects of worship and muamalah at the same time, regulating human relations with their rabb (hablum minallah) and the relationship between humans (hablum minannas). Islamic economics can be defined as a branch of knowledge that helps realize human welfare through the allocation and distribution of natural and human resources based on justice that must be actualized.Keywords: Al-Qur'an, Actualization, Economy, Fair.AbstrakPerbincangan seputar ekonomi merupakan hal yang aktual dan menarik dikaji setiap saat. Masalah ini aktual dan menarik karena sejalan dengan perkembangan zaman, manusia tidak pernah luput dengan persoalan ekonomi dengan berbagai problematikanya. Saat ini, perkembangan ekonomi global yang semakin pesat memerlukan landasan kuat agar tidak mengalami benturan-benturan kepentingan. Ekonomi Islam hadir pada hakikatnya adalah metamorfosa nilai-nilai Islam dalam ekonomi dan dimaksudkan untuk menepis anggapan bahwa Islam adalah agama yang hanya mengatur persoalan ubudiyah atau komunikasi vertikal antara manusia (makhluk) dengan Allah. Dengan kata lain, kemunculan ekonomi Islam merupakan satu bentuk artikulasi sosiologis dan konsep praktis dari nilai-nilai Islam yang selama ini dipandang doktriner dan normatif. Dengan demikian, Islam adalah suatu dien (way of life) yang praktis dan ajarannya tidak hanya merupakan aturan hidup yang menyangkut aspek ibadah dan muamalah sekaligus, mengatur hubungan manusia dengan rabb-nya (hablum minallah) dan hubungan antara manusia dengan manusia (hablum minannas). Ilmu ekonomi Islam dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu cabang pengetahuan yang membantu merealisasikan kesejahteraan manusia melalui alokasi dan distribusi sumber-sumber daya alam dan manusia yang berlandaskan keadilan yang mesti diaktualisasikan.Kata Kunci : Adil, Aktualisasi, Al-Qur’an, Ekonomi.
KREDIT (AT-TAQHSITH) DALAM DISKURSUS HADIS NABI MUHAMMAD SAW
Authors: Sanusi Baco Taufiq
Published: February 2021

AbstractCredit in conventional banking is haram because it uses a refined usury system called interest, both credit is productive, especially consumptive based on the Alquran and the hadith of the prophet about usury that Abbas, his uncle, saw. Credit in Syari'ah banking is allowed because credit at Bank Syari'ah is transferred to mudharabah for the productive and ba'i bi at-taqshid for the consumptive based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad and the opinion of the scholars. Basically the whole concept of mu'amalah is permissible as long as it doesn’t contradict the principles of the Alquran and sunnah such as the ushul kaedah which means: "the origin (law) mu'amalah is permissible as long as there is no argument against it". In the hadith we don’t find that credit is sacrificed, but we will find a form of credit that is almost the same (if it is applied) to credit carried out by merchants who use the usury system, namely debt payments with credit within the specified time with excessive profit (usury fadl). Keywords: Credit, Discourse, Hadith, Riba. AbstrakKredit pada perbankan Konvensional adalah haram karena memakai sistem riba yang diperhalus dengan sebutan bunga, baik kredit itu bersifat produtik lebih-lebih yang bersifat konsumtif berdasarkan Alqur’an dan hadis nabi tentang riba yang pernah dilakukan Abbas, paman beliau saw. Kredit pada perbankan Syari’ah dibolehkan karena kredit pada Bank Syari’ah dialihkan pada sifat mudharabah bagi yang produktif dan dengan sifat ba’i bi at-taqshid bagi yang konsumtif berdasarkan hadis nabi Muhammad saw dan pendapat ulama. Pada dasarnya seluruh konsep mu’amalah adalah boleh selama tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip Alqur’an dan sunah seperti kaedah ushul yang artinya: “asal (hukum) mu’amalah adalah boleh selama tidak ada dalil yang melarangnya”. Dalam hadis kita tidak menemui tentang kredit diperbankan, akan tetapi kita akan menemui bentuk kredit yang hampir sama (jika diqiaskan) dengan kredit yang dilakukan oleh pedagang-pedagang yang menggunakan sistem riba yaitu pembayaran hutang dengan kredit dalam waktu yang ditentukan dengan keuntungan yang berlebih-lebihan (riba fadl).Kata Kunci : Diskursus, Hadis, Kredit, Riba.
Theoretical research approaches to “modernity” as a reflection of social development in sociological knowledge
Authors: Isaeva K. V.
Published: February 2021

In the article, the author considers the specifics and features of the concept of “modernity” as a temporary state of society and a qualitatively new stage of social development. Theories and concepts of the late XIX — early XXI centuries that describe modern society are highlighted. The author analyzes the main social problems that arose during the emergence and active development of the Internet and high technologies in the XXI century.
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Paradigm Change in Agriculture
Authors: Szinay Attila , Zöldréti Attila , Zöldréti Szabolcs
Published: February 2021

There have been suc­cesses and fail­ures in com­batting COVID-19 world­wide. News of the emer­gence of vac­cines and the start of their wide­spread use give a ray of hope, but the battle is not over yet. Ag­ri­cul­ture has a spe­cial role to play in this, as food should be main­tained in all cir­cum­stances all over the world. There can be no ques­tion of a tem­por­ary shut­down in this sec­tor. This study points out that the pan­demic has caused la­bour short­ages in sea­sonal work in both EU and US ag­ri­cul­ture, which not only high­lights, but also forces the ac­cel­er­a­tion of in­nov­a­tion-driven ef­fi­ciency gains and gen­er­a­tional change. In­nov­a­tion in this case is aimed at re­du­cing the need for human re­sources, and gen­er­a­tional change is aimed at in­volving young women and men in ag­ri­cul­tural pro­duc­tion. The pre­ser­va­tion and con­tinu­ation of ag­ri­cul­tural pro­duc­tion is the basis for main­tain­ing ag­ri­cul­tural trade and the sup­ply chain. The study sheds light on the short- and long-term ef­fects and changes that the COVID-19 has caused in these areas. Suc­cess re­quires not only the de­vel­op­ment of the quant­it­at­ive, but also the pro­fes­sional, qual­it­at­ive pre­par­a­tion of the work­force, for which the au­thors re­com­mend the wide ap­plic­a­tion of tal­ent man­age­ment in ag­ri­cul­ture and point out the most im­port­ant ele­ments of con­scious pre­par­a­tion.
Countrywide Epidemics as “Visits of the Horseman of Death” in Hungary
Authors: Bruckner Éva
Published: February 2021

For thou­sands of years Hun­gary has, for the most part, been a transit zone for other na­tions’ armies or a tar­get of con­quest. As a res­ult, the Four Horse­men of the Apo­ca­lypse: Con­quest, War, Fam­ine and Death were ravaging mostly at the same time. Among them, Death is “the deputy of hell”, which can des­troy everything by dis­eases and epi­dem­ics. This study is a brief re­view of the in­fec­tious dis­eases which rav­aged vari­ous re­gions in Hun­gary dur­ing the past cen­tur­ies, fol­lowed by a more elab­or­ate de­scrip­tion of those that tar­geted the whole coun­try: plague, chol­era and Span­ish flu. With the help of doc­u­ments which have not been re­vealed so far, the study sheds light on in­ter­est­ing stor­ies, like the way the plague helped the city of Pest to be­come the cap­ital city, or how Hun­garian doc­tors could suc­cess­fully cure tuber­cu­losis in the unique cli­mate of the Tatra Moun­tains. At the turn of the 19th and 20th cen­tur­ies, chol­era triggered a de­vel­op­ment in pub­lic health­care and hy­giene that still has its im­pacts felt to date. The coronavirus, which has hit us in the 21st cen­tury, is stud­ied with a focus on its ef­fects on our cur­rent so­ci­ety.
Regional Dimension in Knowledge Production in Hungary
Authors: Spaller Endre , Vasa László
Published: February 2021

Know­ledge flow is de­scribed by two con­tra­dict­ing the­or­ies. One of them claims that know­ledge can only be put in prac­tice if in ad­di­tion to writ­ten ele­ments, its tacit parts can also be trans­ferred. This is why prox­im­ity and a com­mon cul­ture mat­ter, and RDI (re­search, de­vel­op­ment and in­nov­a­tion) in­tense activ­it­ies tend to spa­tially con­cen­trate. Ac­cord­ing to the other the­ory, gov­ern­mental RDI ex­pendit­ure is a good way to re­duce re­gional gaps. In this paper EU’s Ho­ri­zon 2020 re­search fund­ing frame­work data is ana­lysed and ef­forts are made at de­cid­ing which the­ory is con­firmed by them. Should the lead­ers in in­nov­a­tion have a dif­fer­ent RDI policy than those with poorer RDI res­ults? An over­view is given of the main policy de­bates that form and in­flu­ence na­tional and supra­na­tional re­search, de­vel­op­ment and in­nov­a­tion policy frame­works and sub­sid­ising sys­tems. The cur­rent state of the Hun­garian RDI sec­tor is de­scribed and con­clu­sions are drawn on sub­sid­isa­tion policy in light of the H2020 data.
Organisational Culture in Educational Institutions in Central, Northern, and North-Eastern Hungary
Authors: Balázs László
Published: February 2021

The pur­pose of this re­search is to com­ple­ment and test pre­vi­ous Hun­garian stud­ies about or­gan­isa­tional cul­ture at pub­lic edu­ca­tional in­sti­tu­tions, and to provide in­sight into the cur­rent cul­tural idio­syn­crasies of edu­ca­tional in­sti­tu­tions. It is pre­sumed that be­sides hav­ing an or­gan­isa­tional cul­ture with focus on rules, schools dis­play sup­port and in­nov­at­ive fea­tures in grow­ing num­bers. It is also as­sumed that there are sig­ni­fic­ant dif­fer­ences between the per­cep­tions of the man­age­ment and the em­ploy­ees when it comes to cul­ture. In this study, 1030 per­sons from 44 pub­lic in­sti­tu­tions provided data in two cycles of data col­lec­tion per­formed in Bud­apest, and in Komárom-Es­zter­gom, Fejér, Pest, Heves, Hajdú-Bi­har and Nógrád counties. Res­ults show that, be­sides focus on rules, there is a sub­stan­tial pres­ence of sup­port cul­tural val­ues, in­clud­ing im­port­ant ex­amples for in­nov­at­ive cul­ture, even if in mod­est num­bers, mostly in Bud­apest and its ag­glom­er­a­tion, i.e. in Pest, Fejér and Komárom-Es­zter­gom counties. Be­sides a ty­po­lo­gical ap­proach to or­gan­isa­tional cul­ture, soph­ist­ic­ated dis­tinc­tions could be made in the find­ings with the help of cul­tural para­met­ers. As a res­ult, it may be ar­gued that the num­ber of years spent in an in­sti­tu­tion, age and gender have the most pro­found in­flu­ence on the per­cep­tions of or­gan­isa­tional cul­ture. Fi­nally, the com­pos­i­tion of the sample also sug­gests fem­in­isa­tion and aging in teach­ing.
Announcement about Challenges of Fruit Wine Industry in Hungary
Authors: Kozma Tímea , Túróczi Imre , Zsolnai Szilveszter , Tóth Róbert
Published: February 2021

Every­where in the world, the cul­ture of grape wine goes back cen­tur­ies or even mil­len­nia. In Hun­gary, the con­sump­tion of Hun­garian grape wine plays a sig­ni­fic­ant role in every­day life, while fruit wines are re­garded by con­sumers as un­known, un­usual, in­ac­cess­ible premium products or as bever­ages for oc­ca­sional con­sump­tion. In the 19th cen­tury, the drink­ing of fruit wine used to be pre­ferred in Hun­gary. Over the years, a cul­ture of fruit wines and pro­duc­tion winer­ies has evolved throughout Europe on a fairly strong basis, and has, in an un­usual way, es­caped the ‘at­ten­tion’ of Hun­garian pro­du­cers and con­sumers. The aim of this study is to ex­plore the val­ues and op­por­tun­it­ies of the fruit wine sec­tor. It is not well-known in Hun­gary, but there is a great deal of po­ten­tial in this sec­tor, which, as op­por­tun­it­ies un­fold, would be­come more widely known to the con­sumer so­ci­ety. It could be­come one of the po­ten­tial sec­tors of our coun­try be­sides the pro­duc­tion of pálinka and grape wine.
LA TRADUCCIÓN PARA EL DOBLAJE DEL VERNACULAR AFROAMERICANO: EL CASO DE THE CORNER (I): MARCO TEÓRICO Y CONTEXTO
Authors: Aranda Molina Borja
Published: February 2021

El siguiente artículo estudiará la traducción de la variación lingüística en la miniserie The Corner.Estudiaremos qué se tiene que tener en cuenta para la traducción de la variación lingüística; la variedadlingüística presente en la serie, el vernacular afroamericano, y la traducción para el doblaje. Por último, seestudiarán diferentes casos aparecidos en la serie, cómo el traductor se ha enfrentado a ellos y propuestasde traducción de casos concretos, concluyendo que la principal dificultad del doblaje de textos con fuertecarga de variación lingüística es la idiosincrasia cultural e identidad étnica propias de estos, que resultande difícil trasvase a la lengua de culturas no segregadas ni identificadas con los mismos problemasraciales.
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
Authors: Nida Eugene A.
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo recoge la conferencia plenaria que el profesor Eugene A. Nida pronunció en el V Congreso Internacional “Traducción, Texto e Interferencias” sobre Traducción y mediación cultural, celebrado entre el 13 y el 15 de diciembre de 2006 en la Universidad de Córdoba, donde relata que, a lo largo de su trayectoria como traductor, le resultó crucial conocer los valores de las distintas culturas que visitó para poder comprender cómo se comunicaban entre sí y, por ende, ser capaz de ayudar a los traductores de estas culturas en su labor de traducción de la Biblia.
TRADUCCIÓN DE LOS REFERENTES CULTURALES EN EL DOBLAJE DE LA SERIE “ÉRASE UNA VEZ... EL HOMBRE” AL ESPAÑOL
Authors: Martín Fernández Carmen
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo analizaremos las dificultades que presenta la traducción audiovisual de productos de divulgación histórica para un público infantil y juvenil. El estudio se centra en dos elementos representativos del capítulo «La Revolución francesa» de la serie Érase una vez… el hombre en francés y en las versiones en español peninsular y de Latinoamérica. El objetivo será observar los problemas de traducción y las soluciones que las dos culturas y lenguas meta ofrecen.
LA TRADUCCIÓN DE TEXTOS TÉCNICOS ESPAÑOL / PORTUGUÉS: INTERFERENCIAS E (IR)RESPONSABILIDADES
Authors: Eres Fernández Gretel , Flavian Eugenia
Published: February 2021

En un artículo publicado en Cuadernos Cervantes de la Lengua Española nº 36, analizamos los problemas – y unos cuantos disparates – encontrados en algunas traducciones impresas en los embalajes de productos que se venden en los supermercados de varios países de América del Sur, con miras a su aprovechamiento en las clases de E/LE. Siguiendo la misma línea de pensamiento, esta vez analizaremos la traducción de textos técnicos (embalajes, manuales de instrucciones, y otros) desde el punto de vista de las interferencias entre dos idiomas genética y tipológicamente tan cercanos como lo son el portugués y el español. También nos centraremos en la importancia de algunos principios del análisis contrastivo aplicados a la traducción, sea a la hora de realizar ese tipo de trabajo, sea al usarla como base para actividades didácticas en clases de español, con el propósito de detectar y evitar dichas interferencias. Y enfocaremos el tema de la responsabilidad profesional, comparando las exigencias de la traducción jurada y la traducción técnica. Finalmente, daremos ejemplos auténticos de traducciones técnicas que podrán tener un uso práctico en las clases de E/LE.
LA TERMINOLOGÍA EN LAS INSTITUCIONES DE LA UE: DE LA FRAGMENTACIÓN A LA CONVERGENCIA
Authors: Muñoz Martín Javier , Valdivieso Blanco María
Published: February 2021

En una época de convergencia terminológica en la UE, este artículo pretende ofrecer un panorama de conjunto de la terminología en la UE. Para ello, en primer lugar se describe desde una perspectiva general el funcionamiento y estructura de la unidad de traducción del Consejo de la UE, a continuación se ofrecen algunos aspectos significativos en las instituciones de la UE y por último, se presenta la principal materialización de esta investigación terminológica en la UE: la base de datos terminológica IATE.
IMPACTO DE LA UTILIZACIÓN DE DICCIONARIOS ESPECIALIZADOS EN LA CALIDAD DE LA TRADUCCIÓN AUTOMÁTICA: EJEMPLO DE EVALUACIÓN
Authors: Zinglé Henri , Vicente Christian
Published: February 2021

En este artículo nos ocuparemos de analizar los resultados que es posible obtener a día de hoy gracias a un sistema de traducción automática comercial, con y sin diccionarios especializados. Ilustraremos esta idea estudiando los resultados de un programa de traducción presente en el mercado, Reverso, comercializado por la empresa francesa Softissimo, que ha apostado por esta vía de desarrollo.
ALGUNAS PAUTAS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE IMÁGENES Y CONTENIDO GRÁFICO EN PROYECTOS DE LOCALIZACIÓN (II)
Authors: Mata Pastor Manuel
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo, se estudia de manera pormenorizada la problemática que plantea el tratamiento de los elementos gráficos e imágenes habituales en cualquier proyecto de localización, tanto de software (aplicaciones informáticas de diverso tipo) como de sitios y contenido web. Para ello, se analizan e ilustran con abundantes ejemplos, primero, las estrategias y herramientas más comúnmente empleadas y, luego, cada una de las etapas del proceso de localización de material gráfico propiamente dicho, atendiendo a la naturaleza y las peculiaridades de éste. Antes, a modo de recordatorio, se repasan algunas nociones básicas sobre tratamiento gráfico digital. A buen seguro, éstas le resultarán prescindibles al lector ya familiarizado con los fundamentos del asunto.