bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving Social Influence Across Gender and Time: Are Dominance and Prestige Equally Viable for Men and Women?
Authors: Kakkar Hemant
Published: December 2023

The dual framework of social rank allocation discusses dominance and prestige as two viable routes to status or social influence. In doing so, this literature has largely neglected findings demonstrating backlash against men and women for behaving in gender-incongruent ways. Likewise, it remains unclear if dominance and prestige continue to be effective means to status over time. This study investigates the viability of dominance or prestige in contributing to an individual’s social influence, conditional on their gender and across time. Using a stereotype-neutral context of an online social network, I unobtrusively tracked individuals’ changes in social influence among their network members on Twitter. By analyzing almost 230,000 tweets, it was found that men’s influence increased with greater dominance, whereas women’s decreased. At the same time, women’s influence increased with greater prestige, whereas men’s decreased. Network centrality (in-degree centrality) explained this differential interaction pattern. Additionally, longitudinal analysis provided a more nuanced understanding. Over time, role incongruence effects dampened, dominance became less effective, even for men, and prestige became viable for both men and women. Thus, by jointly considering the role of gender and time, this research offers key theoretical caveats to the dual rank framework.
What leads to vaccine compliance? Evidence from healthcare workers in Italy
Authors: Demichelis Alessandro , Marini Marco , Menicagli Dario , Mancini Giovanna , Bilancini Ennio , Panizza Folco , Bellandi Tommaso , Boncinelli Leonardo , Galletti Giacomo , Caldesi Roberta , Cevolani Gustavo
Published: December 2023

Vaccine hesitancy, which is delay in acceptance or refusal of safe vaccines despite availability of vaccination services, is a problematic phenomenon for vaccination campaigns. This was made particularly clear during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, where the role of HealthCare Workers (HCW) was particularly relevant. We presented an online questionnaire to 5283 Italian HCW to investigate the role played by the personal reasons and the potential perception of risk, the social environment, and the vaccine efficacy and safety perception in affecting HCW willingness to adhere to the vaccination campaign. First, we discovered that those who took the vaccine to minimize health risk tended to vaccinate earlier, whereas those who did it due to a sense of social pressure received it later. Second, that those who indicated acquaintances as more important than the workplace in their vaccination choice showed more altruistic-related reasons to vaccinate, and the reverse held true. Third, that regarding two salient features of the vaccine, namely safety and efficacy, only the former was playing a role in the willingness to vaccinate, whereas the latter did not show an impact.
Digital Pedagogy for Self-Paced Learning in Mathematics Education
Authors: Dhakal Bed Prasad
Published: December 2023

This paper examined the contribution of digital pedagogy (DP) to self-paced learning in higher mathematics education. The research question was: In what ways does DP contribute to a resourceful learning environment to address individual learning styles and preferences in higher mathematics education? The study used a quantitative approach, employing a critical Action Research design with pre-test and post-test measures. The study participants were 126 third-semester students taking a Differential Geometry course in 2017. The tool used was the self-paced learning (SPL) index survey questionnaire. Based on analysis and discussion with relevant literature, this paper highlights the benefits of digital pedagogy, including the promotion of 21st-century skills, the provision of anytime and anywhere learning opportunities, and the creation of an e-resource repository to ensure SPL. Moreover, digital pedagogy provides adaptive learning experiences that can be adjusted to each student’s learning pace and style, enabling them to learn effectively and achieve their full potential.
Brown Tumor, a Deceptive and Rare Entity: A Case Report
Authors: Vaidya Monasha , Rai Ujwal , Gautam Prerana , Yadav Rekha , Sah Bajrang Pd.
Published: December 2023

A case of 27 years old male from Jhapa district, who presented to Oral and Maxillofacial department of B&C hospital with firm, non-tender swelling over buccal vestibule for 2 months. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an expansile lytic bony lesion with soft tissue component at the right hemimandible with cortical destruction. Provisional diagnosis of ameloblastoma was made.
Incisional biopsy done and specimen was sent to the Pathology department. Haematoxylin and Eosin- stained slides revealed disorderly, fascicular architecture exhibiting clustered distribution of osteoclastic giant cells, surrounded by fibroblastic stromal cells along with reactive new bone formation. The differentials considered were CGCG (Central giant cell granuloma), GCT (Giant Cell tumor), ABC (Aneurysmal Bone Cyst) and Brown tumor. Serum Calcium and Serum PTH (Parathyroid hormone) were advised to ruleout brown tumor in histopathology report and for rest of the differentials excisional biopsy was suggested.
Serum calcium and serum PTH were found to be raised. On further probing, the patient has been having right lower back pain and thin urine stream on and off for few months. USG abdomen was done for the same which revealed bilateral nephrolithiasis with left sided PUJ calculus causing gross hydronephrosis along with bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis. DJ stenting was thus advised by the nephrologist.
On identifying the primary cause, hemithyroidectomy with parathyroid removal was done. The decrease in parathyroid hormone level was drastic after the surgery. His urine stream was normal during his post –op stay at the hospital. The patient was advised for regular follow up.
Estimation of pea samples with different leaf types according to adaptability parameter
Authors: Ashiev A. R. , Khabibullin K. N. , Skulova M. V.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the current study was to identify productive collection samples with high adaptive properties for use in pea breeding.

   The study was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “ARC “Donskoy”, located in the southern part of the Rostov region.

   The objects of study were 100 collection pea samples from the collection of the ARIGRP named after N. I. Vavilov, 47 samples of which were with a usual (leafy) and 53 samples with a leafless type of leaf.

   The variety ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’ was used as a standard. The years of study, differing in agroclimatic conditions during the vegetation period, made it possible to estimate collection samples according to adaptive properties. The mean productivity of the collection over the years of study was 2.10 t/ha (1.58–3.25 t/ha). Seed productivity in the group of samples with a leafless type (2.10 t/ha) was at the level with leafy samples (2.09 t/ha). At the same time, the coefficient of variation was lower in the group of leafless samples – 12.4 %, than in the group of leafy ones – 13.0 %. Seed productivity of the standard variety ‘Aksaisky Usatiy 5’ over the years of study was 2.00 t/ha, ranged from 1.42 to 3.30 t/ha. Among the leafy samples, the most productive ones were ‘OMK-3’ (2.46 t/ha), ‘221/73’ (2.55 t/ha), ‘269/80’ (2.67 t/ha), ‘525/80’ (2.68 t /ha), ‘Blagodatny’ (2.77 t/ha). Among the samples with a leafy type, the most productive ones turned out to be ‘Ramus’ (2.45 t/ha), ‘Svetozar’ (2.52 t/ha), ‘Lavr’ (2.55 t/ha), ‘Koral’ (2.56 t/ha), ‘Deviz’ (2.62 t/ha). The highest values of homeostaticity with high seed productivity were found in the samples with a usual leaf, such as ‘Blagodatny’ (4.14) and ‘525/80’ (5.23). And among the leafless samples, the best ones were ‘Deviz’ (7.57) and ‘Koral’ (7.60). The study results on the homeostaticity of seed productivity of pea samples were used in breeding work when selecting parental forms for hybridization.
Promising photosynthetic parameters Y(II) and NPQ for predicting barley drought tolerance
Authors: Nemtsova Yu. A. , Kuznetsova D. V. , Grinberg M. A. , Vodeneev V. A. , Dontsova A. A. , Dontsov D. P. , Bondarenko V. S. , Volkova P. Yu. , Bondarenko E. V.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the current work was to identify photosynthetic parameters that are predictors of barley drought tolerance, determined at early stages of development, and to verify the results obtained in field conditions.   The study was carried out with the barley varieties ‘Leon’, ‘Ratnik’ and ‘Foks 1’, used in mutation breeding to develop drought-resistant genotypes. Drought was modeled by stopping irrigation. Plant resistance was estimated by changes in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv /Fm, Y(II), NPQ) and morphometric parameters (leaf length, wet and dry weight) compared to the control group with normal water supply. Under stress-free conditions, the variety ‘Leon’ demonstrated a statistically significantly lower efficiency of photosynthesis in terms of Y(II) and Fv /Fm (0.535 ± 0.005 and 0.776 ± 0.004, respectively) in comparison with other varieties (0.577 ± 0.005 and 0.788 ± 0.001 for the variety ‘Foks 1’; 0.574 ± 0.004 and 0.787 ± 0.001 for the variety ‘Ratnik’). When modeling drought, there has been established a decrease in all morphometric indicators for all varieties relative to the control, with the highest degree of inhibition for the variety ‘Ratnik’ (70.16 ± 3.88 %; 8.09 ± 0.73 %; 68.50 ± 4.42 % for leaf length, wet and dry weight, respectively) and with the lowest degree for the variety ‘Leon’ (88.06 ± 7.83 %; 26.51 ± 7.11 %; 79.32 ± 11.17 %, respectively). A decrease in the photosynthesis intensity was manifested in the suppression of Fv /Fm and Y(II) and an increase in NPQ, with the earliest changes in the parameters Y(II) and NPQ in the varieties ‘Foks 1’ and ‘Ratnik’ (on the 4th and 5th day, respectively), compared to the variety ‘Leon’ (on the 7th day). In the field conditions, there has been estimated productivity of the varieties and its dependence on precipitation. A positive correlation between the difference in yield of two varieties ‘Leon’ and ‘Ratnik’, contrasting in their response to drought, and the amount of precipitation during the active vegetation period in 2014–2017 and 2022 (Pearson’s R2 = 0.77, p < 0.05) has been identified. The most sensitive parameters of photosynthesis, which can be used to predict resistance to moisture deficiency, were Y(II) and NPQ.
Development of regenerated plants of interspecific wheat hybrids using immature embryos as explants
Authors: Kalinina N. V. , Dontsova V. Yu. , Chertkova N. G. , Marchenko D. M.
Published: December 2023

Nowadays particular attention in winter wheat breeding is paid to the introduction of biotechnological methods. The culture of immature embryos in vitro is an alternative way to produce hybrids that often do not develop fully in vivo.

   The purpose of the current study was to estimate the ability of immature embryos of interspecific winter wheat hybrids for callus induction, morphogenesis, and plant regeneration on artificial nutrient media, as well as to select optimal conditions for obtaining full-fledged plants with all the botanical characteristics of the species.

   The research material included 5 hybrid combinations of interspecific crosses between durum (Triticum durum DESF.) and common (Triticum aestivum L.) winter wheat. The material was collected during one field season (2022). Immature embryos were used as explants. Culture media were according to Murashige-Skoog (MS), and they differed in the content of hormones and organic substances. There has been found that the hybrid combinations were characterized by a variety of morphogenic responses. The manifestation of callusogenesis was not high enough and averaged 22–32 % depending on the nutrient medium. Rhizogenesis averaged from 1–6.7 %, and ended with the formation of roots. The process of formation of embryoid- and hemmorizogenesis was best demonstrated by the hybrid combination No.1, and on two media. All processes of morphogenesis excepting ‘rhizogenesis’ varied greatly among hybrid combinations. The largest number of regenerated plants was obtained from hybrid combination No.1 (61 pcs., 54.5 %). After vernalization and acclimatization, 38 % of the plants survived from the number of planted embryos. The largest number of heads (79 pcs.) was formed according to hybrid combination No.1, on average 1.46 heads per plant. However, not all heads were fertile. The results of the correlation analysis made it possible to identify indicators that closely correlated with the amount of plant regeneration, namely, the high yield of embryoid- and hemmorizogenic structures ensured a high frequency of plant regeneration (r = 0.769).
Winter wheat crop production and its quality when using complex fertilizers
Authors: Dyatlova M. V. , Shaikova T. V. , Volkova E. S.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the current study was to estimate the effect of mineral and complex fertilizers with macro- and microelements, methods, and methods of their application upon productivity and individual quality elements of crop products when cultivating winter wheat in the conditions of the North-West of the Russian Federation.

   The study was carried out on the experimental plots of the FSBSI FRC LK OP Pskov Research Institute of Agriculture in 2020–2021.

   The objects of the study were the winter wheat variety ‘Skipetr’, mineral and complex fertilizers.

   The main application of mineral fertilizers (N40P50K70) provided favorable conditions for plant nutrition from the beginning of a vegetation period. The use of complex fertilizers for crops helped eliminate the deficiency in nutrients in the following phases of development. The trials have established a positive effect of mineral and liquid complex fertilizers on winter wheat productivity improvement (from 0,32 to 0,96 t/ha according to the trial variants); on the nitrogen content in grain (by 9–13 %) with a stable level of phosphorus and potassium; on crude protein yield per unit area (from 1.5 to 44.8 kg/ha) with the yields of main and by-products; on the formation of more filled grain (by 0.5–2.6 g) with an increase in the mass fraction of raw gluten. The use of complex fertilizers ‘Kodafol’ and ‘Strada N’ during the vegetation period made it possible to obtain the greatest increase in a number of indicators. An estimation of the agronomic efficiency of the studied agricultural practices has shown that the greatest return on 1 kg of NPK in terms of productivity increase was achieved in the trial variants treated with ‘Kodafol’ (against the background of mineral nutrition N40P50K70) and ‘Strada N’ (against the background of N40P50K70+N20) with 4.7–6.7 and 4.8–6.8 kg of grain, respectively.
Comprehensive estimation of the collection CUMMIT (Turkey) of winter common wheat for resistance to common diseases in the southern part of the Rostov region
Authors: Shishkin N. V. , Derova T. G.
Published: December 2023

The current paper has presented the materials for studying collection samples of winter common wheat for resistance to leaf and smut diseases for use in breeding programs for immunity. The current study was carried out based on the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2021–2023.

   The objects of the study were 98 samples from the collection CUMMIT (Turkey).

   The objects of study were the North Caucasian populations of pathogens of leaf diseases, such as powdery mildew, brown and yellow rust, septoria and local populations of pathogens of loose and kernel smut. The study was carried out on field infectious backgrounds of diseases with artificial infection of plants in accordance with the methodological instructions for each of them.

   The purpose of this work was to identify winter wheat samples resistant to both individual pathogens and their complex. Susceptible test varieties of winter wheat had maximum damage scores for each disease studied.

   During the study there have been identified 19 samples resistant to powdery mildew, 67 samples resistant to leaf rust, 63 samples resistant to yellow rust, 2 samples resistant to septoria, 95 samples resistant to loose smut and 25 samples resistant to kernel smut. There have been identified samples 9855, 9859, 9883, 9884, 9894 that showed resistance or weak susceptibility to brown and yellow rust, powdery mildew, septoria, etc. 15 samples 9802, 9812, 9898, 9899, 9903 were not affected by loose and kernel smut. A number of samples that have demonstrated complex resistance to smut diseases over three years were 9855, 9859, 9884, 9894, 9883, 9902, etc. The sample 9859 showed high resistance to five diseases. The best samples in terms of complex resistance could be recommended for breeding programs for immunity.
HPV unvaccinated status and HPV morbidity risk are common among Canadian university students
Authors: Fisher William A. , Kohut Taylor , Wood Jessica , Wentland Jocelyn , McKay Alexander
Published: December 2023

The current study aimed to extend existing research concerning HPV vaccination rates, sexual behaviour practices, and risk of HPV-related morbidity and mortality among Canadian university students. A survey research firm recruited an online sample of Canadian university students between 18 and 24 years of age and from across Canada for a study of student sexual health. The current report represents a secondary analysis of responses to this sexual health survey that is focused on HPV morbidity risk. An analysis sample of 1,412 university students responded to an assessment of demographic characteristics, HPV vaccination status (vaccinated or unvaccinated), and recent and lifetime sexual behaviours and condom use. Conservative estimates indicated that approximately one-quarter of university student women, at least two-thirds of university student men, and at least one-third of trans/non-binary university students had not been vaccinated against HPV. Recent and lifetime sexual behaviours of HPV vaccinated and HPV unvaccinated university students were strikingly similar. HPV unvaccinated status, HPV-risk sexual behaviour, and HPV-related morbidity and mortality risk were very common in this national sample of Canadian university students. Cost-free catch-up HPV vaccination programs for unvaccinated university students are urgently needed to mitigate substantial HPV-related health risks in this population.
Sexual health services, behaviours, and substance use among undergraduate students at an eastern Canadian university between 2012 and 2021
Authors: Cano Rebecca , Holmes Christina , MacDonald Cathy
Published: December 2023

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing health services, sexual behaviours, and substance use are all key parts of maintaining sexual health for undergraduate students. The author compares results on these factors from the 2012 Maritime Undergraduate Student Sexual Health Services Survey with those from a 2021 survey at one of the universities that was included in the original survey. Noteworthy changes in context between 2012 and 2021 include the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2018 legalization of cannabis. Findings indicate that while rates of binge drinking, peer perceptions of sexual activity while using substances, and condom use during sexual activity remained stable, rates of STI testing and cannabis use increased. Recommendations include increasing comprehensive, peer-led sexual education initiatives to continue to reduce stigma while educating students on sexually transmitted infections and substance use during sexual activity.
Why Are Public Attitudes towards Immigration in Canada Becoming Increasingly Positive? Exploring the Factors Behind the Changes in Attitudes towards Immigration (1998–2021)
Authors: Aytac Seyda Ece , Parkin Andrew , Triandafyllidou Anna
Published: December 2023

Focusing on why and how public attitudes towards immigration in Canada have grown more positive between 1998 and 2021, this paper examines whether the changes in attitudes stem from changes in population characteristics or changes in the effect of these characteristics. Our analysis sheds light on the implications of the 2008–2010 financial crisis on the support for immigration. Our logit regression analysis shows that positive attitudes towards immigration are positively related to higher levels of education attainment regardless of the survey years but negatively associated with the support for conservative political parties, especially during and after the financial crisis. By employing decomposition analysis, we investigate the shift in public opinions across individual characteristics before, during, and after the 2008 financial crisis. We find that, for all periods, most of the attitude shift results from the change in the effect of population characteristics rather than the change in the characteristics themselves.
Beowulfand Boyology
Authors: Smol Anna
Published: December 2023

Anna Smol’s 2012 talk explores the history of the conflation of ideas about medieval stories and childhood—the way in which texts from the “infancy” or “adolescence” of the English language came to be considered, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, uniquely suitable for actual children and adolescents. More specifically, these texts were considered appropriate especially for boys and contributed to the development of a field and literature called “boyology.” These texts seemed to uphold values of masculine, martial heroism. In earlier days, those values were combined with nationalist, racist discourses; more recent versions tone those discourses down but maintain the associations of Beowulf with heroic masculinity and primitivism.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza: Unprecedented outbreaks in Canadian wildlife and domestic poultry
Authors: Renaud Christian , Osborn Andrea , Parmley Elizabeth Jane , F Hatchette Todd , LeBlanc J , Weese Jeffrey Scott , Misra Vikram , Yamamura Deborah , Forgie Sarah , Renwick Shane , Webster Duncan , Mubareka Samira ,   on behalf of the AMMI Canada One Health working group
Published: December 2023

Canada experienced a wave of HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in the spring of 2022 with millions of wild and farmed birds being infected. Seabird mortalities in Canada have been particularly severe on the Atlantic Coast over the summer of 2022. Over 7 million birds have been culled in Canada, and outbreaks continue to profoundly affect commercial bird farms across the world. This new H5N1 virus can and has infected multiple mammalian species, including skunks, foxes, bears, mink, seals, porpoises, sea lions, and dolphins. Viruses with mammalian adaptations such as the mutations PB2-E627K, E627V, and D701N were found in the brain of various carnivores in Europe and Canada. To date this specific clade of H5N1 virus has been identified in less than 10 humans. At the ground level, awareness should be raised among frontline practitioners most likely to encounter patients with HPAI.
Self-Identity: Mid-Twentieth Century Philosophical and Literary Interaction on the Experience of “I” and “Non-I”
Authors: Gonotskaya Nadezhda
Published: December 2023

This article substantiates the autonomy of a philosophical text in relation to a literary text. Max Frisch's novel Stiller 1 is used to illustrate the idea of the dialectical nature of the process of concealing/revealing metaphysical meaning in a work of fiction regarding the problem of self-identification and the construction of one's own “I,” which is pivotal in this novel. The philosophical idea of self-identity as the goal of the process of self-knowledge exists only as a projection; it is not feasible in life. On the contrary, the novel Stiller, considered through the prism of basic ideas of philosophy of the twentieth century, allows the reader not only to better understand the inconsistency of the process of self-knowledge, but that it involves a reconfiguration of meanings in a conversation about being, and therefore requires a philosophical revision of the essence of the problem.
Imagination as a Decolonial Tool: An Analysis of the Coloniality of Translation, Imagination, and the Theology of Rubem Alves
Authors: Bonilla-Ramos Rubén David
Published: December 2023

[Figure: see text]

This article analyzes Xiang's coloniality of translation in connection with Alves’ theology and other decolonial scholars in order to recognize the limitations of Eurocentric language and to highlight the urgent need to contextualize and de-absolutize gender concepts. It provides a brief overview of decolonial thinking and then delves into the coloniality of translation, emphasizing the potential dangers of appropriating Indigenous philosophies within European frameworks. Xiang's analysis reveals that translating Nahua gender concepts into English limits their rich complexities and cultural significance, perpetuating Eurocentric understandings. Xiang's work exemplifies how European world views infiltrate decolonial discourses, replicating dominant Eurocentric norms. Alves’ theology comes into play, emphasizing the need to liberate human imagination from limiting colonial logics. By advocating for a renewed imagination beyond colonial constraints, Alves opens up diverse and dynamic possibilities for theological thinking. Finally, I argue for the use of Alves’ concept of imagination as a decolonial tool, challenging the colonial configurations embedded within words and the social imaginary they create. I argue that embracing a continuous process of re-imagining fosters a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and potentialities present in diverse cultures. Simultaneously this article underscores the necessity of decolonial thinking as a never-ending project, urging scholars to engage with alternative knowledges and constantly challenge and subvert colonial logics within theological discourses.
TENDENCIAS Y DESAFÍOS EN LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA EL BIENESTAR DEL ADULTO MAYOR: UN ANÁLISIS DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA EN MÉXICO
Authors: Vera Zamora Priscila Alejandra
Published: December 2023

El presente documento tiene como objetivo examinar las políticas públicas de envejecimiento en México, con el fin de comprender su alcance, impacto y desafíos. Es importante destacar que el envejecimiento de la población es un fenómeno global que también afecta a México, y se ha visto acentuado por la pandemia de COVID-19. Se realiza un análisis exhaustivo de los antecedentes históricos y la evolución de las políticas de envejecimiento en el país. Se explorará cómo han evolucionado los programas y medidas implementadas para hacer frente a los desafíos que enfrentan los adultos mayores en términos de salud, bienestar y calidad de vida. Uno de los aspectos clave que se abordará en este análisis es el Programa de Pensiones en México. Se examinará la efectividad y los retos asociados con este programa, considerando factores como la cobertura, la suficiencia de las pensiones y la sostenibilidad financiera a largo plazo.Además, se abordará el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las políticas de envejecimiento y en la vida de los adultos mayores en México.
Agroecologia, soberania alimentar, lutas sociais e a formação política no Brasil e na Espanha
Authors: Grossi Mônica Aparecida
Published: December 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a necessária afirmação da agroecologia e da soberania alimentar, como elementos centrais às lutas sociais no campo e na cidade, na construção de alternativas ao sistema agroalimentar capitalista, e suas contribuições à formação política de quadros, através de experiências no Brasil e Espanha. Foi realizado através de pesquisa teórica, tendo como referência a perspectiva teórico-metodológica marxiana. Concluímos que os vínculos entre a agroecologia e a soberania alimentar fortalecem e aproximam lutas e resistências, no campo e na cidade, e podem possibilitar a construção de uma contra hegemonia ao domínio global do capital sobre o sistema agroalimentar. E que as experiências de formação política de quadros têm se configurado como forma de preparo para enfrentamentos e disputas, em torno do atual modelo capitalista de agricultura e em relação aos bens ambientais.
The glass transition temperature investigation of polymers by molecular dynamic simulations
Authors: Saidakhmetov P. , Piyanzina I. , Baiman G. , Nedopekin O. , Tayurskii D.
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the process of glass transition is studied, the theory of which is not fully developed. Computer modeling can be used to understand the theory of this phenomenon. The glass transition temperature is influenced by a large number of polymer parameters: cooling rate, pressure, presence of diluent, structural features, etc. We are considering a number of different polymers to test the ability of the pcff+ force field to determine the glass transition temperature. The effect of tactility, composition, pressure and the presence of a diluent on the glass transition temperature of polymers will be shown using molecular dynamics (MD) and pcff+ force-field modeling. The effect of tact was studied using the use of atactic, isotactic and syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) and atactic, isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylene. The LAMMPS code integrated into the MedeA computing environment was used to simulate the molecular dynamics of polymers. The calculation of the glass transition temperature at different cooling rates is closely related to the balanced initial systems. Due to the inability of current atomistic simulations to achieve the required cooling rates, as in experiments, the gap was not sharp and quite obvious. The data obtained show that the pcf+ force field describes tactics quite effectively and gives differences in the glass transition temperature for different types of tact. For polymers diluted with CO2, the glass transition temperature decreases almost linearly, which is in good agreement with the experiment. As expected, the pressure increases the glass transition temperature. However, at high pressure, the slope fracture disappears, and the determination of Tg becomes extremely difficult. The simulated annealing process will be applied to a set of polymers to obtain graphs of the specific volume versus temperature and determine the glass transition temperature.
A Few Remarks on the State of Research in Social Sciences. A Conversation with Professor Jarosław Górniak
Authors: Górniak Jarosław , Białek Arkadiusz , Wolski Piotr
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction to Causal Inference for Psychologists: Testable and Non-Testable Causal and Statistical Assumptions
Authors: Paulewicz Borysław
Published: December 2023

The main goal of basic research is to answer causal questions. Generally, only the statistical part of this process tends to proceed in a partially formal way and according to clearly defined rules. At the same time, the causal relations are often treated informally or implicitly in a way that is prone to difficult-to-detect errors. This introduction aims to show psychology researchers some of the great benefits of approaching causal issues using a formal theory of causal inference. In this part, I discuss the non-obvious status and role of causal and statistical assumptions in causal inference. After covering, in a simple setting, the general shape of inference from causal assumptions, statistical assumptions, and data to causal effects, I outline, from a contemporary perspective, the limits of applicability of the general linear model. Then, I introduce the formal part of Pearl’s theory that relies on graphs. Using these tools, I show how one can analyze and interpret the results of an experiment on short-term memory search, and I discuss the back-door and front-door adjustments. To present the mathematical part of the theory in an accessible way without overly simplifying it, I illustrate some issues by using simulations written in R.
Реформування державного управління України-Гетьманщини в 1734-1750 рр.
Authors: Лапшин Сергій , Конотопенко Олександр
Published: December 2023

Based on the analysis of a set of sources and literature, the article analyzes the Ukrainian policy of the Russian Empire in the 30-50s of the eighteenth century, the peculiarities of the liquidation of the Hetmanate institution and the creation of a collegial body - the Board of the Hetman's Government. Its competencies and measures to subordinate the state system of the Hetmanate are determined.
Діяльність Пилипа Гусакова на посаді вінницького повітового старости у 1918 р.
Authors: Калитко Сергій , Кравчук Олександр
Published: December 2023

The article reveals the managerial activity of Pylyp Husakov as Vinnytsia district starosta during the Hetmanate of 1918. The process of restoration of pre-revolutionary socio-economic relations is shown.
Формування міжнародного іміджу держави в епоху глобалізації
Authors: Неприцький Олександр
Published: December 2023

The article focuses on the changes in forms and methods of creating an international image and reputation of a country, which could have been observed in public diplomacy, cultural and economic policies and were connected with such phenomenon as globalization at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. The state monopoly for external policy has been destroyed. It may be observed that the instruments of image and reputation formation have been taken from the spheres of marketing, branding and public relations. The new approaches face obstacles in forms of stereotypes, myths, misinformation, which prevented the establishment of trustworthy relations
Діяльність Олександра Ліпкіна на посаді літинського повітового старости (1918 р.)
Authors: Кравчук Олександр , Марценюк Надія
Published: December 2023

The article covers the managerial activities of Oleksandr Lipkin as Lityn district starosta in June-November 1918 as a leader of the Hetmanate's policy against the background of events in the Podillia region. The authors argue that this activity demonstrates the failure of attempts to restore pre-revolutionary political and socio-economic relations. The attempt to build an independent Hetmanate using the methods of the tsarist monarchy proved to be completely unconstructive and was rejected by the Ukrainian population.
Антигетьманське повстання на Поділлі у спогадах Віктора Рейнбота
Authors: Ратушняк Ігор
Published: December 2023

The article highlights the memoirs of the Minister of the Ukrainian State of 1918 Viktor Reinboth about the anti-Hetman uprising in Podillia. The author analyzes the minister's assessment of the situation in the field of law and order in Hetman's Ukraine in the fall of 1918, the characteristics of the highest representatives of the military and civilian administration in Podillia and their conflict in November 1918. The author reveals V. Rainbottom's assessment of the strategic importance of Podillia for the successful course of the anti-Hetman uprising.
Food Allergy. Modern View of Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Kurchenko А. I. , Romaniuk L. I. , Levchenko A. R.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Food allergy is an urgent health care problem. The incidence of food allergies has been increasing since the 1990s. The main factors contributing to the emergence of food allergies are presented: the hygienic hypothesis; sibling effect; the theory of double allergen exposure, etc. The gut microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis and the course of food allergy. Patients with food allergy have distinct gut microbiomes compared to healthy controls. The development of food allergy is preceded by an imbalance of the intestinal microbial ecosystem. Diet, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, and faecal microbiota transfer are potential microbial therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of food allergy. Diseases and syndromes associated with food allergy are considered. Diseases and syndromes associated with food allergy are considered. The main methods of food allergy diagnosis are provided: skin prick tests, laboratory serum tests, oral provocation test. Changing perceptions about the treatment of food allergies: treating food allergies with different methods of specific immunotherapy instead of avoiding allergenic foods. The FDA has already approved the oral immunotherapy treatment of peanut allergy with Palforzia AR101 allergen. The article lists the main drugs for medical treatment of food allergies, in particular omalizumab. Patients with food allergies should always carry an epinephrine injection device, which is the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for anaphylaxis.
Türkiye’de Eğitimin Failliğine Yönelik Bir Eleştirel Analiz Denemesi: Akademisyen ve Öğretmenlerde Mesleki İnşa, Toplumsal Yatkınlıklar ve Çok Boyutlu Gerilimler
Authors: Özkurt Cem
Published: December 2023

Bu makale, 2018 yılında orta sınıf meslekler kapsamında yapılan bir çalışmanın “öğretmen” gruplara yönelik derinlemesine görüşme verileriyle, 2021 yılında akademisyenlerle yapılan nitel bir sosyolojik çalışma çerçevesindeki derinlemesine görüşmelerin karşılaştırmalı analizine dayanmaktadır. Çalışma, akademisyenler ve öğretmenleri, toplumsal/ sınıfsal kökenin avantajlar/dezavantajlar bağlamı, mesleki pratiğin sosyo/psişik yansımaları ve meslek mensuplarının deneyimledikleri gerilimleri keşfetmeyi ve sosyolojik açıdan analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makale, akademisyen ve öğretmenleri çok boyutlu olarak inşa eden yapılaşmış ilişki ağlarına, faillerin biyografik/kişisel geçmişlerindeki deneyimlere dayanarak içeriden bir sesi yansıtmayı ve yoğun bir betimlemeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu betimleme, akademisyen ve öğretmenlerin meslek ruhunun inşa aşamalarına, mesleki pratiklerdeki gerilim alanlarına ve faillerin sosyo/psişik oluşumuna bir yandan düzenlilikler, yöndeşmeler ve örtüşmeler bağlamında; bir yandan da, ayrımlar ve farklılaşmalar çerçevesinde bir bakış sergilemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sınıf durumunun, ekonomik, kültürel/sosyal sermayeler toplum etki gücünün ve toplumsal yatkınlıkların, akademisyen ve öğretmenlerin eğitimsel süreçlerine ne yönde etkide bulunduğunu, gelecek tasarımlarında ve kariyer atıflarında hangi biçimlerde inşalar gerçekleştirdiğini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır. Makale, öğretmenleri ve akademisyenleri, daha önce icra edilmiş derinlemesine görüşmelerden elde edilen bulgular bağlamında toplumsal yatkınlıklar, toplumsal sınıfsal köken, meslek ruhu ve mesleki pratikler gibi kavramsal çerçeveyle tartışmaya açan bir meta sentez girişimidir. Alana katkı açısından ise, öğretmenler ve akademisyenlerin, mesleki pratiklerinde deneyimledikleri sorun alanlarını inşa eden sosyolojik düzenlilikleri nitel çalışmalar ve yeniden yorumlamalar yoluyla keşfetmeye çalışmak ve yeni araştırmalara katkı niteliğinde bakış açısı geliştirmektir.
Schumpeter İşletme Tarihi’nin Neresinde? İktisadi Devreleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: KESKİN Nurzahit
Published: December 2023

Farklı disiplinlerden olupta, işletme tarihi alanında çalışmalar yapmış araştırmacıların hemen hemen hiçbirinin kendisini işletme tarihçisi olarak adlandırmadığı bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmalar içerisinde belki de en dikkate değer olanları, iktisat kuramı ve işletme tarihini birbirine yaklaştırmak amacıyla iktisatçılar tarafından ele alınan girişimlerdir. Bu çalışma, iktisatçı Joseph Schumpeter’in İşletme Tarihi ile İktisat Tarihi arasında bağlantı kurma çabalarını İktisadi Devreler (Business Cycles) adlı kitabı üzerinden değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, ilk olarak İktisadi Devreler kavramı’nın teorik çerçevesini ele alarak başlamaktadır. Daha sonra Schumpeter’in İktisadi Devreler adlı kitabı incelenerek işletme tarihi’nden sunduğu örnekler pamuklu tekstil, demiryolları, çelik, otomobiller ve elektrik enerjisi, fabrika, şirket ve modern finansal sistem bağlamlarında değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından Schumpeter’in kitabında kullandığı metodoloji ile İşletme Tarihi arasındaki ilişki ele alınmıştır. Son olarak Schumpeter’in tarih ile ilişkisi ortaya konulmuş ve çalışma sonuç bölümü ile sonlandırılmıştır.
Thyroid Disease Prevalence in the Local Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Afridi Muhammad Hussain , Ghaffar Tahir , Hayat Itizaz , Khan Mohammad Khalid , Ahmad Wiqas
Published: December 2023

The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid illness among the indigenous population of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province. From January 2020 to January 2021, patients at the Department of Endocrinology HMC Peshawar in KP were the subjects of cross-sectional research. Data from clinical and laboratory tests were gathered using a questionnaire. The results were reported as mean, standard deviation, and the Prevalence of thyroid illness was estimated. In this research, a total of 868 individuals were included, and 88 (10.1%) of them had thyroid illnesses. Hypothyroidism (48% of cases) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (35%) were the two most prevalent thyroid conditions. The prevalence of thyroid illness was 10.1% overall in this research. Planning preventative and treatments for thyroid illnesses in the province must consider our statistics, which show that the Prevalence of thyroid disease in KP is rising.
Changing Dynamics of Trade Balance of Therapeutic, Prophylactic Uses of Medicaments in Pakistan.
Authors: Amjad Maheen , Malik Arshad Mahmood , Abbasi Maria Zaheer
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to present structural changes and trade competitiveness in Pakistan’s pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Trade of pharmaceutical inputs including therapeutic and prophylactic uses of medicaments were analysed to improve their exports. The data was collected for exports and imports of therapeutic, prophylactic uses of Medicaments for Pakistan and major export destinations (China, Germany, South Africa and India) for the period 2003-2020. The normalized RCA (NRCA) index was calculated as an alternative measure of comparative advantage and trade competitiveness of the country and for forecasting, the ARMA model was applied. Results revealed that the trade of therapeutic, prophylactic uses of Medicaments was increasing with time. Pakistan is now well known for its export of pharmaceutical products. This study will help policymakers and planners for improving the trade of therapeutic, prophylactic uses of Medicaments in Pakistan.
Assessment of Quality of Life in UTI Infected Women's Need Development of Modern Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Khan Zafar Ahmad , Shahzad Muhammad , Munib Syed , Ghani Azara- , khan Rahmat Ali
Published: December 2023

To find out how common urine incontinence is in Pakistan and how it affects women's quality of life. One hundred female patients with urine incontinence at the Department of Urology MMC Mardan, Pakistan participated in this prospective observational Study from January 2022 to January 2023. Patients were chosen from the Urology Department. A validated questionnaire was used to evaluate each patient's quality of life. The prevalence of urine incontinence and the resultant variation in quality of life in this cohort was assessed statistically. A total of 100 patients were enrolled. The overall mean (SD) impact on the women's quality of life was 53.4 (6). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe urinary Incontinence was 22%, 40% and 38%. This Study shows that urine incontinence substantially affects women's quality of life and is rather common in Pakistan.
An Analysis of the Problems Faced by the Transgender Community in Sindh: An Approach towards their Religious, Social, Economic, and Educational Issues
Authors: Jatoi Daleel Khan , Sindhu Sumera , Sindhu Samina
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research is to investigate how people are aware of the genuineness of Transgender people. It will be helpful for researchers who are still confused about many myths associated with the transgender community. A qualitative method of research has been used for the study. This research article highlights how the initial stage of transgender is started. Moreover, the study also reveals that, when the physical appearance of individuals is indicated to be unsatisfactory to fit in the ideal image of a male or a female, then people entitle them as transgender or Hijra or Khusra. It has been found through the review of the literature and methodological approaches of this article that, harsh words are often associated with the transgender community, there are looked down upon because people think they are homosexual, gay, lesbian, and queer. Mostly, they are referred to by using dishonouring, ridiculing, and insulting language, especially in Pakistan.
Space Militarization- A Peace Hoax
Authors: Naheed Maria
Published: December 2023

States' proficiency to promulgate themselves as the hegemon in this contemporary world had encouraged them to expand their military horizon beyond land, air, and water, to maintain deterrence and dominance. The strategic stability order has been compromised by the consistent accumulation of armed satellites, leading towards space weaponization to secure their national sovereignty and integrity. The security trilemma in South Asia surely catered to the challenge with high risks evolving with it, giving rise to multipolarity in this political arena. The intensified commercial space utilization was soon maligned by the integration of nuclear-based satellites which called for the condemnation of the international community against proliferation, introducing major bilateral and multilateral agreements and treaties. The manoeuvring of international law according to the major space-faring states had demolished its purpose to serve legally. The limitations in international laws have been found outdated and need modifications according to the advanced deployments of space arms.
Governance Crisis In Pakistan: Genesis And Solutions
Authors: Chattha Amer Liaquat
Published: December 2023

Good governance performs an inevitable role in the smooth functioning of a state by ameliorating the livelihood standards of its citizens. Unfortunately, since its inception, governance has been a persistent challenge for Pakistan raising the question of whether the nation is inherently ungovernable. The military's intervention in the democratic process, incompetent political leadership, institutional decay, economic deprivation, corruption, lack of accountability, and absence of rule of law have manifested the trajectory of the democratic country as a crisis-ridden state incapable of good governance. This research paper involves both qualitative and quantitative research methods and discloses the perplexities of the governance crisis, underlying the historical, socioeconomic and political causes while illuminating the solution by offering stability and an efficiency-oriented approach to the problem.
CPEC is Blessing for Regional Peace and Prosperity
Authors: Alam Ayesha , Bibi Kousar , Waheed Abdul
Published: December 2023

CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor) is expected to be a significant opportunity to bring peace, development and prosperity to China, Pakistan and the wider region. The CPEC program takes into account a wide range of perspectives, including but not limited to promoting domestic employment prospects and strengthening regional connectivity. The project's ability to handle many political, economic, and geopolitical difficulties and threats facing Pakistan is one of the project's many multifaceted components that are examined in the article, which principally relies on extensive literature research. The goal of the present study was to examine whether the CPEC project could be a practical means of fostering regional peace and development.This paper attempts to examine the importance of the CPEC initiative in developing domestic employment opportunities and enhancing regional connectivity, although considerable work has already been done on the CPEC project. The qualitative method is adopted to deal with the objectives. The article concludes that the CPEC initiative is poised to usher in a new era of economic development and prosperity for the people of Pakistan, thereby serving as a major turning point for the region. In addition, the study identifies several limitations that may warrant further investigation in future research on the topic.