bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mask exposure during COVID-19 changes emotional face processing
Authors: Barrick Elyssa M , Thornton Mark Allen , Tamir Diana
Published: December 2020

Faces are one of the key ways that we obtain social information about others. They allow people to identify individuals, understand conversational cues, and make judgements about other’s mental states. When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the United States, widespread mask-wearing practices were implemented, causing a shift in the way Americans typically interact. This introduction of masks into social exchanges posed a potential challenge – how would people make these important inferences about others when a large source of information was no longer available? We conducted two studies that investigated the impact of mask exposure on emotion perception. In particular, we measured how participants used facial landmarks (visual cues) and the expressed valence and arousal (affective cues), to make similarity judgements about pairs of emotion faces. Study 1 found that participants with higher levels of mask exposure used cues from the eyes to a greater extent when judging emotion similarity than participants with less mask exposure. Study 2 measured participants’ emotion perception in both April and September 2020 – before and after widespread mask adoption – in the same group of participants to examine changes in the use of facial cues over time. Results revealed an overall increase in the use of visual cues from April to September. Further, as mask exposure increased, people with the most social interaction showed the largest increase in the use of visual facial cues. These results provide evidence that a shift has occurred in how people process faces such that the more people are interacting with others that are wearing masks, the more they have learned to focus on visual cues from the eye area of the face.
The Relationship Between Fertility History and Incident Dementia in the US Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Gemmill Alison , Weiss Jordan
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesAn emerging literature suggests that fertility history, which includes measures of parity and birth timing, may influence cognitive health in older ages, especially among women given their differential exposure to pregnancy and sex hormones. Yet, few studies have examined associations between measures of fertility history and incident dementia in a population-based sample.MethodsWe examined the associations between parity, younger age at first birth, and older age at last birth with incident dementia over a 16-year period in a prospective sample of 15,361 men and women aged 51-100 years at baseline in 2000 drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. We used Cox regression and the Fine and Gray model from which we obtained cause-specific (csHRs) and subdistribution hazard ratios (sdHRs) for incident dementia from gender-stratified models in which we accounted for the semi-competing risk of death.ResultsDuring the follow-up period (median 13.0 years), the crude incidence rate for dementia was 16.6 and 19.9 per 1,000 person-years for men and women, respectively. In crude models estimating csHRs, higher parity (vs. parity 2) and younger age at first birth were associated with increased risk of dementia for both genders. These associations did not persist after full covariate adjustment. Across all models in which we estimated sdHRs, we observed a positive relationship between older age at last birth and incident dementia for women only.DiscussionIn this population-based, multi-ethnic cohort, we observed limited evidence for an association between measures of fertility history and incident dementia among men and women after adjusting for potential confounders.
How do our brains support our real-life friendships?
Authors: Baek Elisa C , Hyon Ryan , Porter Mason A. , Parkinson Carolyn
Published: December 2020

Have you ever wondered how your friends impact how you see the world? Or how you’re able to keep track of the many different people in your life? To study these questions, scientists have begun to look at people’s social networks and their brains at the same time. We give an introduction to this area of study and discuss how scientists use ideas from both neuroscience and mathematics to examine these questions. We also highlight some recent discoveries that reveal both how our brains support our ability to socialize with others and how our relationships with other people are related to how we use our brains.
Two tales of community work
Authors: Aaslund Håvard , Pruim Eelke
Published: December 2020

Community-oriented approaches in social work are highlighted in both social work literature and policy documents in post-financial crisis Europe, and in the Nordic welfare states where professionalized bureaucracy, universal benefits and institutionalized social work have been the norm. The aim of this article is to explore social workers’ experiences of role changes in the transition to a more community-oriented approach, characterized by ambulatory work, the facilitation of local resources, multi-disciplinary collaboration and user participation. The empirical data consists of qualitative data from two cases: a political reform in the Netherlands (The Social Support Act), and a user-initialized project in Norway. Ten social workers from nine different organizations were interviewed in the Netherlands, and four social workers from one community-based project in Norway. We analysed these as a multiple case study of a transformation towards community-based practice, but one in which the political and organizational context differs. A common theme was the changing of the roles of the social worker and the subsequent experiences of challenges in different contextual settings. We present our findings under the topics of identity work, differing organizational expectations and role conflicts. Social workers in both the Norwegian and Dutch sample express experiences of multiple roles, vague roles and conflicting roles, with our analysis showing that role stress was common in both cases, regardless of whether the initiative was top-down or bottom-up. Remedying role stress could be a crucial element in processes aiming at user participation, social cohesion, cross-disciplinary cooperation and strengths perspectives.
A Multi-Country BVAR Model for the External Sector
Authors:   Bank of Russia, Korotkikh Olga
Published: December 2020

This paper describes a multi-country BVAR model developed and used by the Monetary Policy Department of the Bank of Russia. The model makes it possible to build coordinated scenario forecasts for the main macro-variables of the USA, the euro area, and China. The simultaneous modelling for the three economies makes it possible to take into account multi-country interactions of the variables and, thus, improve the predictive performance of the model compared to VAR analogues intended for individual countries. The model is based on the deviations of the variables from their potential values, which enhances GDP growth forecasts compared to a non-detrended design. A wide range of macroeconomic and financial indicators in the model makes the forecast of overall inflation more accurate against simpler benchmarks.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Acute Cholecystitis in a Severely Cardiopathic Patient: Case Report and Review of Literature on Treatment Strategies
Authors: Pantalone Desiree , Pantalone Desiree , Alemanno Giovanni , Stefano PierLuigi , Del Pace Stefano , Romagnoli Stefano , Boninsegni Paolo , Rostagno Carlo , Bonacchi Massimo , Maltinti Gherardo , Bruscino Alessandro , Bergamini Carlo , Martellucci Jacopo , Talamucci Luca , Mondaini Francesco , Ranalli Claudia , Prosperi Paolo
Published: December 2020

Acute cholecystitis in severely cardiopathic patients after major cardiac surgery represents a challenge for
surgeons. Treatment with cholecystostomy, may offer a chance to these patients, however there is still a
number of controversial issues on the topic: performance surgical techniques (transhepatic or
transpapillary), optimal duration and timing of drain removal, the need for further tests before removal as
well as the timing for definitive surgery. We therefore deemed it important to share our experience of a
multidisciplinary approach for the definitive treatment of this patient with severe heart disease. A
percutaneous cholecystostomy was the chosen strategy for a 58-year-old cardiopathic patient who had
undergone surgery for hip replacement and had developed acute calculous cholecystitis a few days after
surgery. Two weeks after discharge, a cholangiography through the cholecystostomy and an MRI
cholangiopancreatography revealed the presence of stones in the cystic duct and in the ductus choledochus.
The definitive treatment was decided after consulting with a multidisciplinary team. The choice was to
perform an open cholecystectomy with simultaneous removal of the cholecystostomy, endoscopic removal
of stones and sphincterotomy of the Oddi papilla. Currently, the patient is healthy and his heart function
satisfactory. Although early cholecystectomy is the recommended choice for acute cholecystitis, a patient
with severe co-morbidities may benefit from a bridging therapy before definitive surgery and a
multidisciplinary approach can provide a safer solution.
Gestão de qualidade do leite bovino em propriedades rurais
Authors: Martins Narciso José , Ferreira da Mata Jhansley
Published: December 2020

O Brasil possui uma grande produção de gado de leite, e Minas Gerais é o Estado com maior índice de produtores de leite, mesmo assim, existe muito a se fazer para melhorar a qualidade e a quantidade de leite produzida no Estado. Assim, este trabalho objetiva estudar a gestão da qualidade do leite bovino no processo produtivo, quanto à alimentação, higienização, raça e ambientação em pequenas propriedades rurais. Através deste estudo, uma análise de revisão de literatura foi aplicada, para elaborar uma abordagem de informações sobre gestão da produção e qualidade do leite bovino em propriedades rurais, incluindo, primeiramente, o histórico da produção leiteira que envolve as principais raças criadas no Brasil, alimentação correta, o processo de produção do leite, medidas de higienização na ordenha e o controle de qualidade do leite. Verificou-se, neste estudo que, além de viável, é necessário que haja um programa de capacitação, envolvendo os produtores rurais de leite para possibilitar aprendizado e inserção do conhecimento de novas técnicas. O processo de gestão de qualidade deve ser relacionado com as exigências dentro das normas legais, visando o crescimento econômico da produção no seguimento dos produtos lácteos.

Palavras-chave: Gestão da qualidade e produtividade. Produção de Leite. Treinamento rural.
Stochastic frontier analysis of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) aquaculture agribusiness for sustainable fisheries development: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Ikpoza Eguono Aramide , Achoja Felix Odemero , Ogisi Oraye Dicta , Uliong Christy
Published: December 2020

Technical efficiency assessment and enhancement is critical to sustainable fisheries development in Nigeria. This study examines stochastic frontier of catfish aquaculture agribusiness for sustainable fisheries development. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select 110 catfish farmers in areas with high density catfish farms. Primary data were collected directly from catfish farmers using structured questionnaire. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics, net farm income, stochastic frontier production function (SPF) and t-statistics. The result shows that most of the catfish farmers were young people within the productive age of 40-49 years. Catfish farmers had obtained various levels of formal education. Finding shows that feeds cost was the highest variable cost (72.75%). Feed had a positive and significant relationship (P<0.05) with catfish output. Mean technical efficiency is 53.49%. The estimated variance (δ2s=0.2125) is statistically significant (P<0.05), indicating that profit inefficiency is highly significant among catfish farmers. Estimated Gamma (γ) value of 0.26 implies that 26% of the total variation in catfish profit efficiency is due to the joint effect of technical inefficiency factors. The most significant efficiency factors are fish feed and pond size. The age and educational status of farmers are the most important determining factors of inefficiency in catfish production system. Lack of finance was the most serious constraint faced by catfish farmers. The study recommended that catfish farmers should form cooperative unions to facilitate their access to cooperative funding.
Diagnosis of Aeromonas sobria and Saprolegnia sp. co-infection in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Yardımcı Remziye Eda , Turgay Emre
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to determine a considerable level of mortalities occurred in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultured in a research hatchery located in Marmara Region/Turkey. Totally 18 individuals (1-8 g) were investigated by using bacteriological and mycological methods. The affected fish showed skin darkening, prolapses and fungal mats at the base of the fins. According to morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates, all of them were identified as Aeromonas sobria. Saprolegnia sp. was also observed in squash preparations of the skin. All isolates were determined to be sensitive against florfenicol, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Histopathologically, vacuolar degeneration, haemorrhage and hyperaemia in the liver, tubular necrosis, periglomerular edema, and multifocal melanomacrophage deposits in the kidney and depletion of white pulp in the spleen were determined. Distal type epithelial cells hyperplasia was also observed in the gills. In diseased fish, motile Aeromonad septicaemia was described and Saprolegnia sp. was also detected in fins and skin lesions but it was considered to be a secondary infection.
The discovery of the tomb of the Great Army General Iwrhya: A quasi 3D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Saqqara, Giza, Egypt
Authors: EL AGUIZY Ola Mohamed , GOBASHY Mohamed Mostafa , METWALLY Ahmed , SOLIMAN Khaled Soliman , EL-HASSANIN Nader
Published: December 2020

A quasi 3D electrical resistivity (ERT) survey was undertaken at a UNESCO World Heritage site, Saqqara, Giza, Egypt, during a joint archaeological-geophysical mission from Cairo University. The main objective is to detect the locations of the subsurface archaeological tombs/or crypts and to allocate any possible archaeological bodies/features buried underneath the study area. In this survey, SYSCAL Pro system with 24 electrodes and a multi-core cable is used for automatic data acquisition of profiling data. The dipole–dipole array was used to enhance resolution, 14 resistivity lines are conducted during this Survey. The processed data were analysed in order to produce resistivity tomography (ERT) for qualitative and quantitative interpretations. Inversion of the ERT data identified variation of resistivity values and the expected locations of the underground galleries and highlight the presence of regular shape structures probably due to features of archaeological interest. Excavations made accordingly in the study area led to an interesting discovery of a tomb of the Great Army General, Iwrhya. The tomb is approximately 2000 years old as it covers the reigns of both Kings Seth I and Ramesses II. Using the 3D resistivity tomography with such a multi-electrode technique proved its efficiency and applicability for non-invasive archaeo-geophysical prospecting.
Normal vs. reverse fault – the example of curvature's usage on gravimetric data
Authors: KARCOL Roland , PAŠTEKA Roman
Published: December 2020

The gravitational effects caused by normal and reverse faults are very close to each other, both in amplitude and in the shape. We demonstrate the usage of the first curvature as a tool for the setting the slope orientation without the additional geological information. The curvature is calculated not only for the measured data, but for their upward continuation, too. This step helps to lower instability of the curvature computation and is important in the interpretation of the resultant curvature as well. We applied this method on the synthetic test and on the real regional gravimetric data as well. The results show the method could be useful step before the density modelling process and generally during qualitative interpretation in applied gravimetry.
On the type specimens of two species of Gymnosoma Meigen, 1803 described by B.B. Rohdendorf in the collection of the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg (Diptera: Tachinidae)
Authors: Richter V.A.
Published: December 2020

Lectotypes are designated for Rhodogyne clavatum Rohdendorf, 1947 and Rhodogyne desertorum Rohdendorf., 1947, both currently recognized as valid species in the genus Gymnosoma Meigen, 1803.
POSTBIOTIC AND OTHER PROTECTIVE MOLECULES RECOGNIZING AND BINDING GLYCOCONJUGATES IN MUCOSAL ORGANS
Authors: Lakhtin V. , Lakhtin M. , Davydkin V. , Melikhova A. , Davydkin I. , Zhilenkova O.
Published: December 2020

New aspects of human mucosal cavity protection systems are under consideration. On the basis of own data it was suggested that mucosal cavities function as mucosal organs. New players of mucosal organ were proposed. They included system probiotic lectins and probiotic microorganisms, and system synthetic polymeric multivalence pattern glycoconjugates. Lectins and glycoconjugates (mucin-like or imitating, antigens, polysaccharides and other high molecular mass metabolites and postbiotics) were suggested to communicate to other glycoconjugates-recognizing molecules and receptors of the human higher hierarchic protection systems.

Concept of functioning mucosal organs is supported by own proposals, strategies, approaches, methods and algorithms. The data are useful for constructing biotope ordered pro/synbiotic microbiocenoses for application in medical biotechnology.
РЕЦИДИВ РАКА СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ПОЛОСТИ РТА. ЛЕЧЕНИЕ И ПРОГНОЗ
Authors: Gavrishchuk P. , Yakovleva L. , Kropotov M. , Zhukova L. , Tigrov M. , Khodos A. , Vyalov A.
Published: December 2020

Несмотря на современные успехи химиотерапии, хирургии и лучевой терапии, проблема рецидивов рака слизистой оболочки полости рта остается актуальной. Целью нашего исследования является улучшение результатов лечения больных с рецидивами плоскоклеточного рака слизистой оболочки полости рта путем разработки хирургической стратегии в определении факторов прогноза, объема операции, критериев резектабельности. В исследование были включены 34 пациента (23 мужчин и 11 женщин) с рецидивом рака слизистой оболочки полости рта. Ранее эти больные получали различного вида противоопухолевое лечение в других лечебных учреждениях: лекарственное - 12%, комбинированное лечение (операция и лучевая терапия) - 5%, лучевая терапия в самостоятельном режиме – 21%, химиолучевое - 24%, комплексное лечение - 35%. Самый короткий безрецидивный период отмечен у пациентов, получивших лучевую терапию в монорежиме, а самый длинный у получавших комплексное лечение. 34 пациента с рецидивами рака были прооперированы. Двухлетняя выживаемость была достигнута для 10 пациентов (29%). У 9 пациентов отсутствовали регионарные метастазы (N0), у одного соответствовал символу N1.
Diplomacy and Education: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mussa , Ahmad Riaz , Fernald Lloyd W.
Published: December 2020

Preference is given to the recently published scholarship in prominent journals and publishers. Secondary sources of data related to educational exchanges and its role in diplomacy have been extensively studied. It was observed that whether it's a small country or a major player in the international politics, educational exchanges and bursaries play a vital role in promoting its soft image in addition to culture and history to the foreign audience. Some of the famous providers of scholarships to international students include the USA, UK and China. While recent studies show that China is rising to be the top provider of educational scholarships and the Chinese universities are rapidly getting top positions in the world ranking of universities. Through such initiatives, China's policies are getting acceptance to a greater extent in foreign countries. This study is of high importance to complementary research.
Internal dose escalation associated with increased local control for melanoma brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Kennedy William R. , DeWees Todd A. , Acharya Sahaja , Mahmood Mustafaa , Knutson Nels C. , Goddu S. Murty , Kavanaugh James A. , Mitchell Timothy J. , Rich Keith M. , Kim Albert H. , Leuthardt Eric C. , Dowling Joshua L. , Dunn Gavin P. , Chicoine Michael R. , Perkins Stephanie M. , Huang Jiayi , Tsien Christina I. , Robinson Clifford G. , Abraham Christopher D.
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The internal high-dose volume varies widely for a given prescribed dose during stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to treat brain metastases (BMs). This may be altered during treatment planning, and the authors have previously shown that this improves local control (LC) for non–small cell lung cancer BMs without increasing toxicity. Here, they seek to identify potentially actionable dosimetric predictors of LC after SRS for melanoma BM.

METHODS

The records of patients with unresected melanoma BM treated with single-fraction Gamma Knife RS between 2006 and 2017 were reviewed. LC was assessed on a per-lesion basis, defined as stability or a decrease in lesion size. Outcome-oriented approaches were utilized to determine optimal dichotomization for dosimetric variables relative to LC. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis was implemented to evaluate the impact of collected parameters on LC.

RESULTS

Two hundred eighty-seven melanoma BMs in 79 patients were identified. The median age was 56 years (range 31–86 years). The median follow-up was 7.6 months (range 0.5–81.6 months), and the median survival was 9.3 months (range 1.3–81.6 months). Lesions were optimally stratified by volume receiving at least 30 Gy (V30) greater than or equal to versus less than 25%. V30 was ≥ and < 25% in 147 and 140 lesions, respectively. For all patients, 1-year LC was 83% versus 66% for V30 ≥ and < 25%, respectively (p = 0.001). Stratifying by volume, lesions 2 cm or less (n = 215) had 1-year LC of 82% versus 70% (p = 0.013) for V30 ≥ and < 25%, respectively. Lesions > 2 to 3 cm (n = 32) had 1-year LC of 100% versus 43% (p = 0.214) for V30 ≥ and < 25%, respectively. V30 was still predictive of LC even after controlling for the use of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Radionecrosis occurred in 2.8% of lesions and was not significantly associated with V30.

CONCLUSIONS

For a given prescription dose, an increased internal high-dose volume, as indicated by measures such as V30 ≥ 25%, is associated with improved LC but not increased toxicity in single-fraction SRS for melanoma BM. Internal dose escalation is an independent predictor of improved LC even in patients receiving immunotherapy and/or targeted therapy. This represents a dosimetric parameter that is actionable at the time of treatment planning and warrants further evaluation.
Efficacy of decitabine in malignant meningioma cells: relation to promoter demethylation of distinct tumor suppressor and oncogenes and independence from TERT
Authors: Stögbauer Louise , Thomas Christian , Wagner Andrea , Warneke Nils , Bunk Eva Christine , Grauer Oliver , Canisius Julian , Paulus Werner , Stummer Walter , Senner Volker , Brokinkel Benjamin
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

Chemotherapeutic options for meningiomas refractory to surgery or irradiation are largely unknown. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter methylation with subsequent TERT expression and telomerase activity, key features in oncogenesis, are found in most high-grade meningiomas. Therefore, the authors investigated the impact of the demethylating agent decitabine (5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine) on survival and DNA methylation in meningioma cells.

METHODS

hTERT promoter methylation, telomerase activity, TERT expression, and cell viability and proliferation were investigated prior to and after incubation with decitabine in two benign (HBL-52 and Ben-Men 1) and one malignant (IOMM-Lee) meningioma cell line. The global effects of decitabine on DNA methylation were additionally explored with DNA methylation profiling.

RESULTS

High levels of TERT expression, telomerase activity, and hTERT promoter methylation were found in IOMM-Lee and Ben-Men 1 but not in HBL-52 cells. Decitabine induced a dose-dependent significant decrease of proliferation and viability after incubation with doses from 1 to 10 μM in IOMM-Lee but not in HBL-52 or Ben-Men 1 cells. However, effects in IOMM-Lee cells were not related to TERT expression, telomerase activity, or hTERT promoter methylation. Genome-wide methylation analyses revealed distinct demethylation of 14 DNA regions after drug administration in the decitabine-sensitive IOMM-Lee but not in the decitabine-resistant HBL-52 cells. Differentially methylated regions covered promoter regions of 11 genes, including several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that to the authors' knowledge have not yet been described in meningiomas.

CONCLUSIONS

Decitabine decreases proliferation and viability in high-grade but not in benign meningioma cell lines. The effects of decitabine are TERT independent but related to DNA methylation changes of promoters of distinct tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes.
Optimal access route for pontine cavernous malformation resection with preservation of abducens and facial nerve function
Authors: Bertalanffy Helmut , Ichimura Shinya , Kar Souvik , Tsuji Yoshihito , Huang Caiquan
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze the differences between posterolateral and posteromedial approaches to pontine cavernous malformations (PCMs) in order to verify the hypothesis that a posterolateral approach is more favorable with regard to preservation of abducens and facial nerve function.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 135 consecutive patients who underwent microsurgical resection of a PCM. The vascular lesions were first classified in a blinded fashion into 4 categories according to the possible or only reasonable surgical access route. In a second step, the lesions were assessed according to which approach was performed and different patient groups and subgroups were determined. In a third step, the modified Rankin Scale score and the rates of permanent postoperative abducens and facial nerve palsies were assessed.

RESULTS

The largest group in this series comprised 77 patients. Their pontine lesion was eligible for resection from either a posterolateral or posteromedial approach, in contrast to the remaining 3 patient groups in which the lesion location already had dictated a specific surgical approach. Fifty-four of these 77 individuals underwent surgery via a posterolateral approach and 23 via a posteromedial approach. When comparing these 2 patient subgroups, there was a statistically significant difference between postoperative rates of permanent abducens (3.7% vs 21.7%) and facial (1.9% vs 21.7%) nerve palsies. In the entire patient population, the abducens and facial nerve deficit rates were 5.9% and 5.2%, respectively, and the modified Rankin Scale score significantly decreased from 1.6 ± 1.1 preoperatively to 1.0 ± 1.1 at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors' results suggest favoring a posterolateral over a posteromedial access route to PCMs in patients in whom a lesion is encountered that can be removed via either surgical approach. In the present series, the authors have found such a constellation in 57% of all patients. This retrospective analysis confirms their hypothesis in a large patient cohort. Additionally, the authors demonstrated that 4 types of PCMs can be distinguished by preoperatively evaluating whether only one reasonable or two alternative surgical approaches are available to access a specific lesion. The rates of postoperative sixth and seventh nerve palsies in this series are substantially lower than those in the majority of other published reports.
Holmes tremor: a delayed complication after resection of brainstem cavernomas
Authors: Cenzato Marco , Colistra Davide , Iacopino Giorgia , Raftopoulos Christian , Sure Ulrich , Tatagiba Marcos , Spetzler Robert F. , Konovalov Alexander N. , Smolanka Andriy , Smolanka Volodymir , Stefini Roberto , Bortolotti Carlo , Ferroli Paolo , Pinna Giampietro , Franzini Angelo , Dammann Philipp , Naros Georgios , Boeris Davide , Mantovani Paolo , Lizio Domenico , Piano Mariangela , Fava Enrica
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, the authors aimed to illustrate how Holmes tremor (HT) can occur as a delayed complication after brainstem cavernoma resection despite strict adherence to the safe entry zones (SEZs).

METHODS

After operating on 2 patients with brainstem cavernoma at the Great Metropolitan Hospital Niguarda in Milan and noticing a similar pathological pattern postoperatively, the authors asked 10 different neurosurgery centers around the world to identify similar cases, and a total of 20 were gathered from among 1274 cases of brainstem cavernomas. They evaluated the tremor, cavernoma location, surgical approach, and SEZ for every case. For the 2 cases at their center, they also performed electromyographic and accelerometric recordings of the tremor and evaluated the post-operative tractographic representation of the neuronal pathways involved in the tremorigenesis. After gathering data on all 1274 brainstem cavernomas, they performed a statistical analysis to determine if the location of the cavernoma is a potential predicting factor for the onset of HT.

RESULTS

From the analysis of all 20 cases with HT, it emerged that this highly debilitating tremor can occur as a delayed complication in patients whose postoperative clinical course has been excellent and in whom surgical access has strictly adhered to the SEZs. Three of the patients were subsequently effectively treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS), which resulted in complete or almost complete tremor regression. From the statistical analysis of all 1274 brainstem cavernomas, it was determined that a cavernoma location in the midbrain was significantly associated with the onset of HT (p < 0.0005).

CONCLUSIONS

Despite strict adherence to SEZs, the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, and the immediate success of a resective surgery, HT, a severe neurological disorder, can occur as a delayed complication after resection of brainstem cavernomas. A cavernoma location in the midbrain is a significant predictive factor for the onset of HT. Further anatomical and neurophysiological studies will be necessary to find clues to prevent this complication.
Intracranial EEG and laser interstitial thermal therapy in MRI-negative insular and/or cingulate epilepsy: case series
Authors: Gireesh Elakkat D. , Lee Kihyeong , Skinner Holly , Seo Joohee , Chen Po-Ching , Westerveld Michael , Beegle Richard D. , Castillo Eduardo , Baumgartner James
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to assess the success rate and complications of stereo-electroencephalogra-phy (sEEG) and laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in the treatment of nonlesional refractory epilepsy in cingulate and insular cortex.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively analyzed the treatment response in 9 successive patients who underwent insular or cingulate LITT for nonlesional refractory epilepsy at their center between 2011 and 2019. Localization of seizures was based on inpatient video-EEG monitoring, neuropsychological testing, 3-T MRI, PET scan, magnetoencephalography scan, and/or ictal SPECT scan. Eight patients underwent sEEG, and 1 patient had implantation of both sEEG electrodes and subdural grids for localization of epileptogenic zones. LITT was performed in 5 insular cases (4 left and 1 right) and 3 cingulate cases (all left-sided). One patient also underwent both insular and cingulate LITT on the left side. All of the patients who underwent insular LITT as well as 2 of the 3 who underwent cingulate LITT were right-hand dominant. The patient who underwent insular plus cingulate LITT was also right-hand dominant.

RESULTS

Following LITT, 67% of the patients were seizure free (Engel class I) at follow-up (mean 1.35 years, range 0.6–2.8 years). All patients responded favorably to treatment (Engel class I–III). Two patients developed small intracranial hemorrhages during the sEEG implantation that did not require surgical management. One patient developed a large intracranial hemorrhage during an insular LITT procedure that did require surgical management. That patient experienced aphasia, incoordination, and hemiparesis, which resolved with inpatient rehabilitation. No permanent neurological deficits were noted in any of the patients at last follow-up. Neuropsychological status was stable in this cohort before and after LITT.

CONCLUSIONS

sEEG can be safely used to localize seizures originating from insular and cingulate cortex. LITT can successfully treat seizures arising from these deep-seated structures. The insula and cingulum should be evaluated more frequently for seizure onset zones.
MENINKATKAN PROSES DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STAD DI KELAS VIII SMPN 1 PUJUT
Authors: Lahim Lahim
Published: December 2020

Abstrak: Dilaksanakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dalam tiga siklus dengan tujuan mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil dan proses pembelajaran pada siswa kelas VIII SMPN 1 Pujut Tahun 2014/2015. Data yang dianalisis berupa data observasi aktivitas, quisioner, dan tes hasil belajar. Hasil aktivitas siswa kategori sangat aktif: 23,3 siklus I, 23,2 siklus II, dan 24,2 siklus III. Aktivitas guru kategori sangat aktif rata-rata 14 pada ketiga siklus. Ketuntasan klasikal aspek kognitif 74% pada siklus I,  83% pada siklus 2, dan 91 % pada siklus 3.  Disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar belajar kelas VIII SMPN 1 Pujut tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015.Abstract:  Classroom Action Research was conducted in three cycles with the aim of describing the improvement of results and learning process in the students of grade VIII SMPN 1 Pujut Year 2014/2015. The data were analyzed in the form of activity observation data, quisioner, and test of learning result. The results of student activity categories are very active: 23.3 cycles I, 23.2 cycles II, and 24.2 cycles III. Activity teacher category is very active on average 14 on the third cycle. Classical completeness of cognitive aspect 74% in cycle I, 83% in cycle 2, and 91% in cycle 3. It is concluded that the application of STAD type cooperative learning model can improve the process and learning outcomes of class VIII SMPN 1 Pujut Lesson 2014/2015.
EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR
Authors: Mukminah Mukminah , Fitriani Eka , Mahsup Mahsup , Syaharuddin Syaharuddin
Published: December 2020

Abstract:  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektifitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 8 Mataram. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian Quasi Experimental Design. Populasi penelitian ini mencakup seluruh siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 8 Mataram yang terdiri dari 4 kelas kemudian dimbil secara acak, dua kelas dari jumlah populasi yaitu XI IPS 3 (kelas Eksperimen) dan XI IPS 2 (Kelas Kontrol) sebagai sampel penelitian. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa soal uraian yang sudah divalidasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kemampuan awal siswa untuk kedua kelompok (kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol) adalah homogen yang ditunjukkan dengan Fhitung < Ftabel (1,06 < 1,72). Dan pada tes kemampuan akhir (setelah perlakuan) diperoleh thitung < ttabel (1.626  < 2,000), sehingga yang diterima adalah H0 yang berarti model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe teams games tournament (TGT) tidak efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar  matematika materi program linear siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 8 Mataram tahun pelajaran 2014/2015.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektifitas Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Untuk meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 8 Mataram. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian Quasi Experimental Design. Populasi penelitian ini mencakup seluruh siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 8 Mataram yang terdiri dari 4 kelas kemudian dimbil secara acak, dua kelas dari jumlah populasi yaitu XI IPS 3 (kelas Eksperimen) dan XI IPS 2 (Kelas Kontrol) sebagai sampel penelitian. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa soal uraian yang sudah divalidasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kemampuan awal siswa untuk kedua kelompok (kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol) adalah homogen yang ditunjukkan dengan Fhitung < Ftabel (1,06 < 1,72). Dan pada tes kemampuan akhir (setelah perlakuan) diperoleh thitung < ttabel (1.626  < 2,000), sehingga yang diterima adalah H0 yang berarti model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe teams games tournament (TGT) tidak efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar  matematika materi program linear siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 8 Mataram tahun pelajaran 2014/2015.
Penerapan Realistic Mathematics Education untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Salma Salma , Pramita Dewi , Mandailina Vera , Syaharuddin Syaharuddin
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to find out the improvement of student activities and learning outcomes with the implementation of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME).  This research uses Class Action Research. As the subject in this study were grade VII MTs students as many as 23 people. Data analysis techniques used are qualitative and quantitative to measure the increase in student activity and learning outcomes. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the application of RME can improve student activities and learning outcomes. This can be seen from the increase in learning activities in the first cycle obtained an average percentage of 55% with a fairly good category, increased by an average percentage of 85% fall into the category of excellent in cycle II. While student learning activities have increased from cycle I with an average percentage of 55% fall into the category quite well to 85% with a very good category in the second cycle. Classical student completeness also increased in cycle I was 56.52% and in cycle II by 86.95%. Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa dengan penerapan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME).  Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Sebagai subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII MTs sebanyak 23 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk mengukur peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan RME dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini terlihat dari adanya peningkatan aktivitas pembelajaran pada siklus I diperoleh rata-rata persentase sebesar 55% dengan kategori cukup baik, mengalami peningkatan dengan rata-rata persentase sebesar 85% termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik pada siklus II. Sedangkan aktivitas belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I dengan rata-rata persentase sebesar 55% masuk dalam kategori cukup baik menjadi 85% dengan kategori sangat baik pada siklus II. Ketuntasan klasikal siswa juga mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I adalah 56,52% dan pada siklus II sebesar 86.95%.
A Strategic Service Management Model in National Gas Distribution Projects
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Fereidoun , Askarifar Kazem , Alamdari Pegah
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this research was to develop a model regarding strategic service management in order to improve the performance of projects related to the oil and gas industry. To this end, this study was conducted in two steps. Firstly, the main practices of SSM were defined by a systematic review and completed by experts’ interviews, and the data onto the expected and perceived about each practice were collected by using a questionnaire answered by the managers and direct experts of the Fars Gas Company, Iran, and its contractors in a five-year period. Finally, the SSM model was determined in a focus group. All participants were selected judgmentally and purposefully based on theoretical saturation. The findings show that the employer expects the contractor to improve the communication skills and the grooming and professional appearance of its staff and that they spend enough time processing the employer requests. As a result, the SSM model was developed based on four strategic cornerstones, including managerial attitude improvement, managing communications, improving business processes, and strengthening internal controls.
Research of the Residual Bearing Capacity and the Work of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Beams’ Inclined Sections
Authors: Kos Zeljko , Klymenko Yevhenii , Polianskyi Kostiantyn , Crnoja Andjelko
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to studies about the stress-strain state and the residual bearing capacity of inclined sections of reinforced concrete beams with concrete damages in the compressed zone near support areas. The developed method of calculating the bearing capacity of the inclined sections of damaged beams is described. The numerical test of prototypes was performed in the LIRA-CAD 2017 software complex. A comparison of the results of laboratory tests, a numerical experiment and calculation results by the proposed method is shown. It is stressed that with an increase in the area of damage, the bearing capacity decreases. The nature of the change in the stress-strain state under the presence of damage is described. It is pointed out that in the damaged samples, there is an inclination of the neutral axis in the cross section of the element – it tilts, the neutral axis becomes, almost, parallel to the front of the damage.
The Simulation Model of a Student Restaurant
Authors: Mihaljević Zvonimir , Dukic Goran
Published: December 2020

This paper features a simulation model of the FSB canteen. The data required for the simulation was collected through direct observation of the canteen during the busiest time of the day, that is, lunchtime. The simulation model was verified and validated based on the collected data. The model and the results of the simulation were presented. In order to reduce the waiting time, two modifications of the existing model were proposed and simulation models for both cases were also developed. After simulating the modified models, in order to determine the effects of the proposed modifications, the obtained results were analyzed and compared with the results of the existing system.
Selection of an Optimal Supplier
Authors: Ćosić Predrag , Keran Zdenka , Kokot Vedran
Published: December 2020

The paper describes the selection of an optimal supplier from China based on three obtained bids to produce 120,000 forged pieces, which is the primary process for shaft production. The choice was made using the AHP method based on the Expert Choice software program and Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM). The key information when choosing the optimal supplier of large number of forgings is to define the objective of the task, decision tree with weighted criteria and sub-criteria, consistency checking and possible reconsideration using brain storming when defining the strength of criteria/sub-criteria. To some extent, this may reduce initial subjectivity in the decision-making process in the Decision Support System.
Educar para la vida compasiva: Uno de los mayores desafíos para los educadores de hoy
Authors: Luis Eduardo Pinchao-Benavides
Published: December 2020

Casi todo los propósitos misionales y teleológicos de las instituciones educativas prescriben entre sus pretensiones, los anhelos de una sociedad más justa, solidaria y fraterna; pero si no se forma el carácter compasivo, difícilmente se conseguirá alcanzar tan noble ideal. Ello exige comenzar por incorporar la premisa de la compasión en el currículo y en el argot educativo, e implementar el andamiaje pedagógico-didáctico pertinente. En las siguientes líneas se esboza algunos argumentos para una educación centrada en la compasión, iniciativa que hunde sus raíces en un proyecto de aula denominado Generación Compasiva (fundado en 2015) y que, a partir de febrero de 2020, se plantea como investigación profesoral, la cual busca construir un corpus teórico que sirva de peana a esta perspectiva educativa. Se trata de un estudio eminentemente documental, enfocado en los aportes que han hecho la Neurociencia, la Psicología Positiva y Jesús de Nazaret con relación a este tema.
Fortalecimiento de la comprensión lectora con estudiantes de grado quinto
Authors: Marcela Patricia Cerón-Cerón  , Jesús Ramiro Chalacan-Eraso  , Juan Eduardo Rosero-Palacios
Published: December 2020

La comprensión lectora es un proceso que está inmerso en todo contexto académico; por eso es de gran relevancia, ya que leer y entender son dos acciones que cumplen un papel fundamental en la vida escolar, porque gracias a esto se desarrollan los conocimientos y el aprendizaje. Este proceso investigativo buscó fortalecer la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de grado quinto pertenecientes a un sector rural. El diseño metodológico de la investigación se planteó desde un paradigma cualitativo de enfoque descriptivo y tipo etnográfico. Se tomó como unidad de análisis a 25 estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Jesús Nazareno de El Tambo – Nariño. Como técnicas de recolección de información se utilizó una prueba diagnóstica y la observación no participante. Después de haber recolectado y analizado la información, se consideró los factores, intereses y necesidades de los estudiantes para diseñar y aplicar la estrategia virtual ‘Amigos de la Lectura’.
Aprendizaje cooperativo como estrategia metodológica para el estudio de las Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Siomara Elena Cortés-Gonzáles  , Mariluz Royero-Pérez
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, fomentar el aprendizaje cooperativo como estrategia metodológica para el estudio de las ciencias sociales en el grado 7° de la Institución Educativa La Mata del municipio de Chimichagua. Metodológicamente, el trabajo se ubicó en el paradigma cualitativo, con enfoque crítico reflexivo en el método de la Investigación Acción Pedagógica. Su diseño se desplegó en tres fases: la desconstrucción (reflexión, diagnóstico y reflexión), la reconstrucción (acción y observación), y la evaluación de la efectividad de la práctica (autorreflexión). Los instrumentos fueron: una entrevista a los docentes, un cuestionario a los estudiantes y un diario de campo para recoger las vivencias. Los resultados indicaron desconocimiento de las ventajas del aprendizaje cooperativo; la aplicación de las estrategias metodológicas los llevó a compenetrarse como equipo y lograr un aprendizaje significativo, concluyendo que el aprendizaje cooperativo como estrategia metodológica para el estudio de las Ciencias Sociales, brindó a los estudiantes, nuevos saberes y la compenetración de equipos de trabajo.
Social Glocalisation and Education
Authors: Hobelsberger Hans
Published: December 2020

This book discusses the local effects of globalisation, especially in the context of social work, health and practical theology, as well as the challenges of higher education in a troubled world. The more globalised the world becomes, the more important local identities are. The global becomes effective in the local sphere. This phenomenon, called ‘glocalisation’ since the 1990s, poses many challenges to people and to the social structures in which they operate.