bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and elimination of pulse train instabilities in broadband fibre lasers using dispersion scan
Authors: Alonso Benjamín , Torres-Peiró Salvador , Romero Rosa , Guerreiro Paulo T. , Almagro-Ruiz Azahara , Muñoz-Marco Héctor , Pérez-Millán Pere , Crespo Helder
Published: April 2020

We use self-calibrating dispersion scan to experimentally detect and quantify the presence of pulse train instabilities in ultrashort laser pulse trains. We numerically test our approach against two different types of pulse instability, namely second-order phase fluctuations and random phase instability, where the introduction of an adequate metric enables univocally quantifying the amount of instability. The approach is experimentally demonstrated with a supercontinuum fibre laser, where we observe and identify pulse train instabilities due to nonlinear propagation effects under anomalous dispersion conditions in the photonic crystal fibre used for spectral broadening. By replacing the latter with an all-normal dispersion fibre, we effectively correct the pulse train instability and increase the bandwidth of the generated coherent spectrum. This is further confirmed by temporal compression and measurement of the output pulses down to 15 fs using dispersion scan.
A method for purification of Plasmodium oocysts from mosquito midguts
Authors: Siden-Kiamos Inga , Spanos Lefteris , Currà Chiara
Published: April 2020

Malaria parasites have a complex life cycle comprising development in two hosts, the vertebrate and the vector mosquito. In the gut of the mosquito, the parasite develops into the oocyst, which is settled beneath the epithelium and attached to the basal lamina of the gut until the maturation of the cyst and its rupture concomitant with the release of the sporozoites, the infectious form of the parasite. The oocyst represents the longest stage of the parasite life cycle but it is poorly understood, mainly because of the difficulties to separate the oocysts from the mosquito midgut tissue but also the lack of a robust method to reproduce this stage in vitro. Here we describe a simple and reproducible protocol for purification of oocysts from mosquitoes. Midguts were dissected from infected mosquitoes and treated with trypsin which resulted in the degradation of the basal lamina and the release of the oocysts from the midgut tissue. The results obtained showed that the isolated oocysts were free of the mosquito protein E-cadherin. Purified oocysts were alive as judged by a strong GFP signal at least up to 2 h after treatment and furthermore sporozoites that had developed in the cyst were able to glide. Our new method will allow the study of the oocyst composition, formation and development in more details leading to advances in knowledge of this Plasmodium stage.
High-throughput, Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Studies of the Anticancer Effects of Electrical Pulses with Turmeric Silver Nanoparticles: an in vitro Model Study
Authors: Mittal Lakshya , Camarillo Ignacio G. , Varadarajan Gowri Sree , Srinivasan Hemalatha , Aryal Uma K. , Sundararajan Raji
Published: April 2020

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15–20% of the over one million new breast cancer cases occurring each year. TNBC is an aggressive cancer phenotype, with low 5-year survival rates, high 3-year recurrence rates, and increased risk of metastasis. A lack of three commonly exploited hormone receptors renders TNBC resistant to endocrine therapies and lends to its critical absence of viable therapeutic targets. This necessitates the development of alternate and effective novel therapeutic strategies for TNBC. Towards this, our current work seeks to develop the technique of Electrical pulse (EP)-mediated Turmeric silver nanoparticles (TurNP) therapy, known as Electrochemotherapy (ECT), to effectively target TNBC cells. This technique involves the efficient delivery of natural bioactive molecules with anti-cancer effects via a biophysical means. In these experiments, the bioactive molecules are turmeric, a dried rhizome of Curcuma longa that has been used for centuries, both as a dietary supplement and as a medicine in Ayurveda (science of life) in the Indian subcontinent and in traditional Chinese medicine. Our results reveal the combined effect of TurNP + EP treatment in reducing MDA-MB-231 cell viability to as low as 9% at 12 h. Showing biological selectivity, this combination treatment has a substantially lower effect on non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial MCF10A cells (67% viability). To gain mechanistic insights into the actions of TurNP-based ECT treatment, we performed high-throughput, label-free quantitative proteomics studies. Proteomics results indicate that TurNP + EP treatment significantly influenced expression of a diverse list of proteins, including receptors, transcription factors, structural proteins, kinases, and metabolic enzymes. This include the downregulation of 25 proteins in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (such as GRB2, EGFR, EPHA2, GNB1, GNB2, 14–3–3 family, and Integrin family proteins), and 12 proteins (AKR1A1, ALDOA, ALDOC, PGK1, PGM1, PGAM1, ENO1, ENO2, GAPDH, TPI1, LDHA, and LDHB) in the glycolytic pathway with concomitant reduction in metabolite levels (glucose uptake, and intracellular- lactate, glutamine, and glutamate). Compared to TurNP alone, TurNP + EP treatment upregulated 66 endoplasmic reticulum and 193 mitochondrial proteins, enhancing several processes and pathways, including Pyruvate Metabolism, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which redirected the TNBC metabolism to mitochondria. This switch in the metabolism caused excessive production of H2O2 reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inflict cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells, demonstrating the potency of this treatment.
SVF-derived extracellular vesicles carry characteristic miRNAs in lipedema
Authors: Priglinger Eleni , Strohmeier Karin , Weigl Moritz , Lindner Carolin , Auer Daniela , Gimona Mario , Barsch Martin , Jacak Jaroslaw , Redl Heinz , Grillari Johannes , Sandhofer Matthias , Hackl Matthias , Wolbank Susanne
Published: April 2020

Lipedema is a chronic, progressive disease of adipose tissue with lack of consistent diagnostic criteria. The aim of this study was a thorough comparative characterization of extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of healthy and lipedema adipose tissue. For this, we analyzed 187 extracellular miRNAs in concentrated conditioned medium (cCM) and specifically in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) enriched thereof by size exclusion chromatography. No significant difference in median particle size and concentration was observed between sEV fractions in healthy and lipedema. We found the majority of miRNAs located predominantly in cCM compared to sEV enriched fraction. Surprisingly, hierarchical clustering of the most variant miRNAs showed that only sEVmiRNA profiles – but not cCMmiRNAs – were impacted by lipedema. Seven sEVmiRNAs (miR–16-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-454-p, miR–144-5p, miR-130a-3p, let-7c-5p) were differently regulated in lipedema and healthy individuals, whereas only one cCMmiRNA (miR-188-5p) was significantly downregulated in lipedema. Comparing SVF from healthy and lipedema patients, we identified sEVs as the lipedema relevant miRNA fraction. This study contributes to identify the potential role of SVF secreted miRNAs in lipedema.
Selection of viral variants during persistent infection of insectivorous bat cells with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Authors: Banerjee Arinjay , Subudhi Sonu , Rapin Noreen , Lew Jocelyne , Jain Richa , Falzarano Darryl , Misra Vikram
Published: April 2020

Coronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) are speculated to have originated in bats. The mechanisms by which these viruses are maintained in individuals or populations of reservoir bats remain an enigma. Mathematical models have predicted long-term persistent infection with low levels of periodic shedding as a likely route for virus maintenance and spillover from bats. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bat cells and MERS coronavirus (CoV) can co-exist in vitro. To test our hypothesis, we established a long-term coronavirus infection model of bat cells that are persistently infected with MERS-CoV. We infected cells from Eptesicus fuscus with MERS-CoV and maintained them in culture for at least 126 days. We characterized the persistently infected cells by detecting virus particles, protein and transcripts. Basal levels of type I interferon in the long-term infected bat cells were higher, relative to uninfected cells, and disrupting the interferon response in persistently infected bat cells increased virus replication. By sequencing the whole genome of MERS-CoV from persistently infected bat cells, we identified that bat cells repeatedly selected for viral variants that contained mutations in the viral open reading frame 5 (ORF5) protein. Furthermore, bat cells that were persistently infected with ΔORF5 MERS-CoV were resistant to superinfection by wildtype virus, likely due to reduced levels of the virus receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and higher basal levels of interferon in these cells. In summary, our study provides evidence for a model of coronavirus persistence in bats, along with the establishment of a unique persistently infected cell culture model to study MERS-CoV-bat interactions.
Correction: Micro-spectroscopy of HKUST-1 metal–organic framework crystals loaded with tetracyanoquinodimethane: effects of water on host–guest chemistry and electrical conductivity
Authors: Rivera-Torrente Miguel , Filez Matthias , Schneider Christian , van der Feltz Ewout C. , Wolkersdörfer Konrad , Taffa Dereje H. , Wark Michael , Fischer Roland A. , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Micro-spectroscopy of HKUST-1 metal–organic framework crystals loaded with tetracyanoquinodimethane: effects of water on host–guest chemistry and electrical conductivity’ by Miguel Rivera-Torrente et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2019, 21, 25678–25689.
Spontaneously induced magnetic anisotropy in an ultrathin Co/MoS2 heterojunction
Authors: Lu Chun-I , Huang Chih-Heng , Ou Yang Kui-Hon , Simbulan Kristan Bryan , Li Kai-Shin , Li Feng , Qi Junjie , Jugovac Matteo , Cojocariu Iulia , Feyer Vitaliy , Tusche Christian , Lin Minn-Tsong , Chuang Tzu-Hung , Lan Yann-Wen , Wei Der-Hsin
Published: April 2020

MoS2 is predicted to be magnetized through charge and spin donation from the attached Co layer. In this work, we observe that the top amorphous Co layer has spontaneous magnetic anisotropy, and the domain walls follow the crystalline axis of MoS2.
Correction: Crystal structure, magneto-structural correlation, thermal and electrical studies of an imidazolium halometallate molten salt: (trimim)[FeCl4]
Authors: González-Izquierdo Palmerina , Fabelo Oscar , Beobide Garikoitz , Cano Israel , Ruiz de Larramendi Idoia , Vallcorba Oriol , Fernández Jesús Rodríguez , Fernández-Díaz María Teresa , de Pedro Imanol
Published: April 2020

Correction for ‘Crystal structure, magneto-structural correlation, thermal and electrical studies of an imidazolium halometallate molten salt: (trimim)[FeCl4]’ by Palmerina González-Izquierdo et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 11200–11209. DOI: 10.1039/D0RA00245C.
Investigation of SCCmec types I–IV in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran
Authors: Abbasi Montazeri Effat , Seyed-Mohammadi Sakineh , Asarehzadegan Dezfuli Aram , Khosravi Azar Dokht , Dastoorpoor Maryam , Roointan Mitra , Saki Morteza
Published: April 2020

Today methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) are important in terms of causing significant nosocomial infections. Besides, MR-CoNS are confirmed as the reservoir of SCCmec elements that carry mecA (methicillin-resistant) gene. Hence, the present study was designed to evaluate the susceptibility pattern, prevalence and diversity of SCCmec types I, II, III, and IV in MR-CoNS strains. In this cross-sectional study, 44 clinical isolates of MR-CoNS were identified using the cefoxitin disc method and further confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the mecA gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was investigated by disc diffusion. The identification of CoNS was done by amplification and sequencing of the tuf gene. Multiplex PCR method was done for the determination of SCCmec types. In the present study, the Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus were the most predominant isolates with a prevalence of 45.4%. The highest resistance rates were observed against erythromycin (84.1%) and clindamycin (75%). Multiplex PCR revealed the SCCmec type I as the predominant type in the present study. Our study showed that there was no significant relationship between the presence of different types of SCCmec elements and resistance to antibiotics. The present study highlighted a frequent prevalence of MR-CoNS harboring SCCmec type genes in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran. Thus, the molecular typing and periodical monitoring of their drug resistance pattern should be considered in national stewardship programs to designing useful antibiotic prescription strategies.
Leaving no-one behind: how CENP-E facilitates chromosome alignment
Authors: Craske Benjamin , Welburn Julie P.I.
Published: April 2020

Chromosome alignment and biorientation is essential for mitotic progression and genomic stability. Most chromosomes align at the spindle equator in a motor-independent manner. However, a subset of polar kinetochores fail to bi-orient and require a microtubule motor-based transport mechanism to move to the cell equator. Centromere Protein E (CENP-E/KIF10) is a kinesin motor from the Kinesin-7 family, which localizes to unattached kinetochores during mitosis and utilizes plus-end directed microtubule motility to slide mono-oriented chromosomes to the spindle equator. Recent work has revealed how CENP-E cooperates with chromokinesins and dynein to mediate chromosome congression and highlighted its role at aligned chromosomes. Additionally, we have gained new mechanistic insights into the targeting and regulation of CENP-E motor activity at the kinetochore. Here, we will review the function of CENP-E in chromosome congression, the pathways that contribute to CENP-E loading at the kinetochore, and how CENP-E activity is regulated during mitosis.
Effects of Fundamental Frequency, Vocal Intensity, Sample Duration, and Vowel Context in Cepstral and Spectral Measures of Dysphonic Voices
Authors: Sampaio Marília , Vaz Masson Maria Lúcia , de Paula Soares Maria Francisca , Bohlender Jörg Edgar , Brockmann-Bauser Meike
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) are acoustic measures related to the periodicity, harmonicity, and noise components of an acoustic signal. To date, there is little evidence about the advantages of CPPS over HNR in voice diagnostics. Recent studies indicate that voice fundamental frequency (F0) and intensity (sound pressure level [SPL]), sample duration (DUR), vowel context (speech vs. sustained phonation), and syllable stress (SS) may influence CPPS and HNR results. The scope of this work was to investigate the effects of voice F0 and SPL, DUR, SS, and token on CPPS and HNR in dysphonic voices.

Method

In this retrospective study, 27 Brazilian Portuguese speakers with voice disorders were investigated. Recordings of sustained vowels (SVs) /a:/ and manually extracted vowels (EVs) /a/ from Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice sentences were acoustically analyzed with the Praat program.

Results

There was a highly significant effect of F0, SPL, and DUR on both CPPS and HNR (
p
< .001), whereas SS and vowel context significantly affected CPPS only (
p
< .05). Higher SPL, F0, and lower DUR were related to higher CPPS and HNR. SVs moderately-to-highly correlated with EVs for CPPS, whereas HNR had few and moderate correlations. In addition, CPPS and HNR highly correlated in SVs and seven EVs (
p
< .05).

Conclusion

Speaking prosodic variations of F0, SPL, and DUR influenced both CPPS and HNR measures and led to acoustic differences between sustained and excised vowels, especially in CPPS. Vowel context, prosodic factors, and token type should be controlled for in clinical acoustic voice assessment.
106‐GHz bandwidth InP DHBT linear driver with a 3‐Vppdiff swing at 80 GBd in PAM‐4
Authors: Hersent R. , Jorge F. , Duval B. , Dupuy J.‐Y. , Konczykowska A. , Riet M. , Nodjiadjim V. , Mismer C. , Blache F. , Kasbari A. , Ouslimani A.
Published: April 2020

This Letter reports the design, fabrication and characterisation of a new differential linear driver, fabricated in the III‐V Lab 0.7‐ emitter width indium phosphide (InP) double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) technology. Large‐signal electrical characterisation shows 80‐GBd symbol‐rate four‐level pulse amplitude (PAM‐4) modulation conjugated with a driver output swing of 3‐Vppdiff and a 0.74‐W power consumption. Thus resulting in a 1.22‐GBd driving efficiency, the highest in over 70‐GBd drivers' state‐of‐the‐art, at that date. Accordingly, S‐parameter measurements of the standalone linear driver exhibit the highest gain‐bandwidth product of 556 GHz, in that current state‐of‐the‐art.
Accelerating linear system solvers for time-domain component separation of cosmic microwave background data
Authors: Papež J. , Grigori L. , Stompor R.
Published: April 2020

Component separation is one of the key stages of any modern cosmic microwave background data analysis pipeline. It is an inherently nonlinear procedure and typically involves a series of sequential solutions of linear systems with similar but not identical system matrices, derived for different data models of the same data set. Sequences of this type arise, for instance, in the maximization of the data likelihood with respect to foreground parameters or sampling of their posterior distribution. However, they are also common in many other contexts. In this work we consider solving the component separation problem directly in the measurement (time-) domain. This can have a number of important benefits over the more standard pixel-based methods, in particular if non-negligible time-domain noise correlations are present, as is commonly the case. The approach based on the time-domain, however, implies significant computational effort because the full volume of the time-domain data set needs to be manipulated. To address this challenge, we propose and study efficient solvers adapted to solving time-domain-based component separation systems and their sequences, and which are capable of capitalizing on information derived from the previous solutions. This is achieved either by adapting the initial guess of the subsequent system or through a so-called subspace recycling, which allows constructing progressively more efficient two-level preconditioners. We report an overall speed-up over solving the systems independently of a factor of nearly 7, or 5, in our numerical experiments, which are inspired by the likelihood maximization and likelihood sampling procedures, respectively.
Terahertz sensing in biology and medicine
Authors: Gallot Guilhem
Published: April 2020

Terahertz radiation offers new contrasts with biological systems, without markers or staining, at the molecular, cellular or tissue level. Thanks to technological advances, it is increasingly emerging as a solution of choice for directly probing the interaction with molecules and biological solutions. Applications range from dynamics of biological molecules to imaging of cancerous tissues, including ion, protein and membrane sensors.
Spatial light modulators
Authors: Jullien Aurélie
Published: April 2020

Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) are quasiplanar devices, allowing for the modulation of the amplitude, phase and polarization, or a combination of these parameters of an incident light beam according to the two spatial dimensions of the modulator. SLMs are employed in many different fields and are the subject of continuous technological development.
Readiness in Retirement Life
Authors: Astuti Dewi
Published: April 2020

This study investigates whether the ownership of a retirement program is owned only by those who have a purpose in life in old age or also owned by those who focus on working well now and do not have a purpose in life in old age. The study population is employees, and entrepreneurs who have worked, with sample criteria have a steady income with a specific educational background. The number of samples is 52 respondents. The result revealed that having the purpose of life in old age, and focusing on the purpose of life at the moment encourage someone to have a pension program. The results of the study stated that the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable appeared weak. The independent variable "has the purpose of old age life" and the independent variable "focus on life goals current" can explain 0.69 % of the dependent variable "has retirement fund program.
The Effects of Top Management Commitment on Operational Performance Through the Use of Information Technology and Supply Chain Management Practices
Authors: Darmasaputra Leksono Fernaldi , Siagian Hotlan , Josowanto Oei Selvie
Published: April 2020

The company's performance must be continuously improved to be able to face the increasingly fierce global competition. The improvement of the company's performance can be made by implementing supply chain practices. The implementation of supply chain practice is a policy set by the company's top management by making the system integrated. Integration of all functions, internally and externally, is done by using integrated information technology. This study takes data from companies in East Java, engaged in machinery that has a workforce of more than 100 people categorized as medium and large companies. Respondents were set on employees with a minimum of 2 yr of working experience and a middle manager position. There were 55 respondents in this study, with data analysis using partial least square (PLS) to test the research hypothesis. The result of the data processing found that the commitment of top management affects the supply chain practices and the use of information technology. This is because the management has shown its commitment by providing the necessary human resources. The top management commitment directly influences the company's operational performance. The use of information technology directly affects supply chain practices and the company's operational performance. Supply chain practices affect the company's operational performance. This is because the company has carried out the process of information sharing with the company's suppliers to control and facilitate the procurement of quality raw materials.
The Effect of Product Knowledge on Salesperson Performance with the moderating role of Attitude
Authors: Siagian Hotlan , Putera Garry , Burlakovs Juris
Published: April 2020

This Study investigate The Effect of Product Knowledge on salesperson Performance with the moderating Role of Attitude. Amout of 65 from 72 questionnaires are considered valid for further analysis. Data analysis used Partial Least Square (PLS) with the smartPLS software version 3.0. Data analysis was performed to assess the measurement model and the inner model. The result revealed that one hypothesis was supported and the other one was not supported. Product knowledge influence the salesperson performance while attitude did not moderate the influence of product knowledge on the salesperson performance. This result of study enhances the insight of the sales manager that attitude did not moderate the salesperson performance. Manager needs to review the training of the salesperson in order the attitude contribute to the salesperson performance.
Questioning the ‘Anthropos’ in the Anthropocene: Is the Anthropocene Anthropocentric?
Authors: Kala Mahaswa Rangga , Widhianto Agung
Published: April 2020

The word ‘Anthropocene’ has been controversial scientific concept, to name a new geological epoch that situates ‘Anthropos’ or ‘Man’ as an actor changing geological structure, altering the Earth system, and also making in unpredictable planetary changes. Criticism of the Anthropocene is based on Holocene's formal ratification rather than the Anthropocene findings. In addition, this paper will argue a realism philosophical approach though that the Anthropocene is not merely scientific speculation. This paper provides an ontological justification for humanity’s causal power in geological time based on Bhaskar’s critical realism and Graham’s speculative realism. This ontological turn will be a ‘new conceptual ground’ to define the Anthropocene without being imprisoned in ‘Anthropocentrism’ and will contribute to other fields, such as social sciences and humanities, to remake their understanding of the Anthropocene. Therefore, the result will be able to strengthen the Anthropocene ratification indirectly.
Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk , Marx Nikolaus
Published: April 2020

New joint clinical recommendations for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes of the european (EASD) and american (ADA) diabetes associations and the european society for cardiology (ESC) implement the evidence from clinical cardiovascular endpoint studies into daily clinical practice. The individual patient profile and it´s cardiovascular risk rather than HbA1c levels alone dominate treatment strategies. In case of high oder very high cardiovascular risk GLP-1-receptor agonists or SGLT-2-inhibitors are the preferred choice, the latter especially in patients with chronic heart failure or increased risk, respectively.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM PEEL, WHOLE FRUIT AND SEEDS
Authors: Bhandary Satheesh Kumar , N. Suchetha Kumari , Bhat Vadisha S , P. Sharmila K. , Bekal Mahesh Prasad
Published: April 2020

Herbal medicines as the major remedy in traditional system of medicine have been used in medical practices since antiquity. In addition to its ancient historical uses, pomegranate is used in several systems of medicine for a variety of ailments. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of various phytochemicals from the ethanolic, aqueous and chloroform extracts of Punica granatum peel, whole fruit and seeds. The three different extracts from peel were found to contain Triterpenoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Tannins, Carbohydrate & Vitamin C. The three different extracts from whole fruit were found to contain Triterpenoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Saponins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins, Carbohydrate & Vitamin C. The three different extracts from seeds were found to contain Triterpenoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Saponins, Alkaloids, Tannins, Carbohydrate & Vitamin C.

The generated data from the three different extracts of Punica granatum peel, whole fruit & seeds provided the basis for its wide uses in the traditional & folk medicines.
A NOVEL APPROACH FOR DIAGNOSING LIVER LESION IMAGES IN TELEMEDICINE MODE
Authors: V. Ulagamuthalvi , G. Kulanthaivel , D. Sridharan
Published: April 2020

In this article, a novel approach for diagnosing liver lesion using ultrasound image in telemedince mode is attempted. Liver cancer is a one of the neoplastic diseases. It has a high rate of mortality. The low quality of clinical ultrasound image limits the success of early detection and diagnosis based on the images. Filtering the spcekle noise to enhance the quality and segment the ROI from the ultrasound image are carried out. Wavelet-based texture descriptors are calculated and classification has been done using support vector machine. Telemedicine is the ability to provide interactive healthcare utilizing modern technology and telecommunications. In this telemedicne mode based diagnostic classification system, a client at remote location can submit the ultrasound B-scan liver image using the Internet and after analysis in the web server, the client at remote location will receive the diagnostic result.
CHAOS THEORY: IMPACT ON AND APPLICATIONS IN MEDICINE
Authors: Kumar Arunachalam
Published: April 2020

The advent of a revolutionary and exciting theory that proposes non-linear models as effective adjuncts to linear mathematics in interpreting long-held scientific tenets has provided novel and innovative designs and methodologies that help the medical world to better understand inferences from laboratory investigations, physiological processes, pharmarmaco-therapeutics and clinical diagnostics.

This overview outlines a few salient areas in medicine that have successfully applied the principles of the chaos theory. Chaotic systems have been shown to operate in quite a few physiological processes. The impact and implications of the new science on the future course of medical diagnosticsand health science systems as a whole cannot be overstressed.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTENATAL CARE PACKAGE ON KNOWLEDGE OF PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION FOR ANTENATAL MOTHERS IN SELECTED HOSPITALS OF MANGALORE
Authors: Joseph Sr. Jolly , Nayak Sabitha , Fernandes Philomena , Suvarna Vandana
Published: April 2020

The study was conducted on effectiveness of antenatal care package on knowledge of pregnancy induced hypertension for antenatal mothers from 7/09/2009 to 10/10/2009. The research design was an evaluative approach using one group pretest post test the experimental design 40 antenatal mothers were selected by purposive sampling. Data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire. Antenatal care package was developed.

The pre test knowledge questionnaire was administered on the first day followed by an antenatal care package. The post test was conducted after five days using the same tool. The pretest knowledge data showed that maximum number of mothers 26(65.5%) scored between the range of 11-20% (average).The mean knowledge score was 14.88 where as the maximum possible score was 30.Among seven areas, the mean percentage knowledge in the area of basic factors of PIH was 43.75%, clinical features 41%, diagnosis 44%, management 57.5%, diet 50%, complication 50%, and prevention 58%.

The 't” value showed the significant difference in the posttest, ('t' calculated value of pretest and post test knowledge scores = 14.22 p<0.05 which showed that antenatal care package was effective in improving the knowledge of antenatal mothers on pregnancy induced hypertension.

There was significant association between pretest level of knowledge and age, educational status, occupation, monthly income, parity, gestational age, history of hypertension in previous pregnancy.
PERCEPTIONS OF HEALTH CARE CONSUMERS, DELIVERERS AND NURSE EDUCATORS ON NURSING PRACTICE
Authors: Andrade Maxie , George Anice , Roach Erna Judith
Published: April 2020

Health is a fundamental human right and nurses are considered as the indispensible members of the health team. Nursing education is growing on one side and need for qualified nurses is on the rise owing to growing disease burden. Today nursing practice is within the perview of quality control. Technology oriented nursing of today welcomes nurses with clinical and and technical competency. Knowing the perspectives of consumers and providers in India is very essential at this stage of an attempt of globalizing nursing. In this survey an attempt was made to realize the current perceptions of doctors, nurses, nurse educators and in-patientson nursing practice. The perceptions of consumers significantly varied from other health health team memebrs and this calls the nursing community to unite to raise to the status and standard of nursing.
SMARTPHONE APPLICATIONS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS AND PROFESSIONALS
Authors: V. Vinay K. , K. Vishal
Published: April 2020

Mobile phones have been widely used for several decades, but the smartphones are a more recent advance. The latest generation of smartphones are increasingly viewed as handheld computers rather than as just phones, due to their powerful on-board computing capability and open operating systems that encourage application download and development. In a relatively short period of time, smartphone technology has penetrated significantly into society from school children to senior citizens. The level of smartphone usage by medical students and professionals is increasing day by day with the extensive availability of downloadable medical applications related to medical education and health. This article mentions about the useful and popular smartphone applications for medical students and practitioners which helps to integrate technology into clinical practice.
PRESENCE OF TRIPLE GANTZER'S MUSCLE - A RARE ANATOMICAL VARIATION
Authors: Nayak Soubhagya R. , Sharma Suranjali , Dasgupta Hasi , Bhattacharya Kalyan
Published: April 2020

Anomalous muscles usually do not result in adverse symptoms but are of academic interest. However, these muscles can create neurovascular compression at times. Muscle anomalies of the upper extremity are recognized causes of peripheral nerve disorder. Koloh-Nevin Syndrome (Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome) caused by the compression neuropathy of the anterior interosseous nerve in the forearm is believed to occur because of its compression by the accessory heads of flexor pollics longus (FPLah) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDPah). The above two accessory muscles are also called Gantzer's muscle. During routine cadaveric dissection, we encountered multiple Gantzer's muscles in a 60 year-old- formalin embalmed male cadaver. Along with the usual FPLah and FDPah described by Gantzer, we too observed an accessory muscle in relation to the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS). All the three anomalous muscles had a common origin from the under cover of the FDS fibers and by fibrous band above the insertion of brachialis. The presence of multiple additional muscles in the forearm flexor compartment is rare and clinically significant.
MECKEL-GRUBER SYNDROME - A CASE REPORT
Authors: S. Naveen N. , K. Vishal , V. Vinay K.
Published: April 2020

Meckel Gruber syndrome (MGS) is a rare lethal autosomal recessive disorder. It is characterized by triad of features having occipital meningoencephalocoele, polycystic kidneys and post-axial polydactyly. We report a rare case of MGS which was diagnosed by antenatal ultrasound examination and confirmed later when aborted at 21 weeks of gestation.
TITLE - MINERAL TRI-OXIDE AGGREGATE (MTA) FOR THE REPAIR OF PERIAPICAL TISSUES IN A PATIENT WITH SELF INFLICTED INJURIES: CASE REPORT
Authors: Shetty Aditya , Chandra C. Ravi , Hegde Mithra N. , Mahale Uday S. , Bhat Ganesh
Published: April 2020

Injury to anterior teeth is a relatively common event. Dentists regularly deal with management of dental trauma and restoration of fractured teeth. Hence the treatment approach and medicaments that assures the biologically acceptable healing and improve long term success rate are of potential value and should be considered.

A big cystic lesion, which is unable to heal non-surgically, heals well with use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA Angelus) by surgical approach. Results of clinical trials have recommended the use of MTA as the most suitable root end filling material.

This article presents the case report of management of big cystic lesion along with the lateral root perforation with maxillary left central incisor. Root canal treatment was followed by the resection of root end of tooth in question at the level of perforation and sealed with MTA. 12 month's follow up radiograph showed completely healed Cystic lesion.
FRONTAL SINUS MUCOCELE FOLLOWING A TRIVIAL FACIAL TRAUMA, PRESENTING AS A PYOCELE- A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bhandary Satheesh Kumar , Bhat Vadisha Srinivas , Khanna Rishi Ajay
Published: April 2020

Mucocele of the praranasal sinus is a slowly expanding epithelial-lined lesion containing inspissated mucus that fills the sinus cavity. It can erode bone and therefore may extend intraorbitally or intracranially. Mucocele develop when the mucous outflow from a sinus is obstructed. When a mucocele becomes infected, it is called a pyocele. Here we are presenting a case of frontal sinus mucocele developed following a trivial facial trauma, which later presented a pyocele. Diagnosis was confirmed with CT scan and the pyocele was treated with endoscopic marsupialization.
Noninvasive Monitoring and Neurointerventional Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Lang Matthew , Mathew Sunu , Harris Alon , Tejada Juan , Kovoor Jerry M.
Published: April 2020

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by isolated rise in intracranial pressure (ICP) leading to chronic, debilitating headaches, tinnitus, and vision loss. Conventional diagnostics and monitoring primarily require the use of invasive procedure like lumbar puncture to measure ICP, while traditional management strategies involve weight reduction and medical treatment with acetazolamide. In an effort to reduce the need for invasive procedures, noninvasive methods of ICP monitoring such as optic nerve sheath diameter measurements and two-depth transcranial Doppler ultrasonography have been developed. In cases of refractory and fulminant IIH, surgical management strategies such as optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF), ventriculoperitoneal (VP) and lumboperitoneal (LP) shunting, and transverse venous sinus stenting are used to relieve symptoms via ICP reduction. While ONSF and VP/LP shunting exhibit utility primarily for the treatment of vision loss and headache, respectively, venous sinus stenting may prove to be an effective option in the management of all symptoms of IIH. Most importantly, consideration of the patient’s individual symptoms and values should be taken into account when choosing the optimal surgical management strategy for patients with IIH.
Machine Learning Classification Algorithms to Predict aGvHD following Allo-HSCT: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salehnasab Cirruse , Hajifathali Abbas , Asadi Farkhondeh , Roshandel Elham , Kazemi Alireza , Roshanpoor Arash
Published: April 2020

Background The acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is the most important cause of mortality in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Given that it occurs at the stage of severe tissue damage, its diagnosis is late. With the advancement of machine learning (ML), promising real-time models to predict aGvHD have emerged.

Objective This article aims to synthesize the literature on ML classification algorithms for predicting aGvHD, highlighting algorithms and important predictor variables used.

Methods A systemic review of ML classification algorithms used to predict aGvHD was performed using a search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Springer, and IEEE Xplore databases undertaken up to April 2019 based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. The studies with a focus on using the ML classification algorithms in the process of predicting of aGvHD were considered.

Results After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies were selected for evaluation. The results of the current analysis showed that the algorithms used were Artificial Neural Network (79%), Support Vector Machine (50%), Naive Bayes (43%), k-Nearest Neighbors (29%), Regression (29%), and Decision Trees (14%), respectively. Also, many predictor variables have been used in these studies so that we have divided them into more abstract categories, including biomarkers, demographics, infections, clinical, genes, transplants, drugs, and other variables.

Conclusion Each of these ML algorithms has a particular characteristic and different proposed predictors. Therefore, it seems these ML algorithms have a high potential for predicting aGvHD if the process of modeling is performed correctly.
Hyperpronation versus Supination–Flexion in Radial Head Subluxation Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Porozan Samaneh , Forouzan Arash , Hassanzadeh Rayeheh
Published: April 2020

Radial head subluxation (RHS) is the most common upper extremity injury in children. Supination–flexion (SF) and hyperpronation (HP) are two methods for reducing this subluxation. This study purposed to compare the success rates of two methods of reduction and also to determine which technique would be less painful. In total, 154 patients with RHS were enrolled in this study and randomized into two groups. Patients were to undergo reduction by one of the two methods; if the primary attempt was unsuccessful, a second attempt was performed using the alternate technique. In the case of failure of the second attempt, the first reduction technique was repeated. The success rates and pain levels before and after successful reduction were recorded. On the first attempt, 72 of 77 patients who underwent HP had a successful reduction. Four patients in the HP group had a successful reduction on the second attempt. In the SF group, 76 of 77 patients had a successful reduction on the first attempt. The success rate on first attempts was higher in the SF group than in the HP group (p = 0.043). Pain levels before and after reduction were not statistically different between the groups (p > 0.05). The SF technique had a higher success rate at first attempt to reduce RHS, but pain levels were similar in both methods.
Self-focusing of UV radiation in 1 mm scale plasma in a deep ablative crater produced by 100 ns, 1 GW KrF laser pulse in the context of ICF
Authors: Zvorykin V. D. , Lebo I. G. , Shutov A. V. , Ustinovskii N. N.
Published: April 2020

Experiments at the GARPUN KrF laser facility and 2D simulations using the NUTCY code were performed to study the irradiation of metal and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) targets by 100 ns UV pulses at intensities up to 5 × 1012 W cm−2. In both targets, a deep crater of length 1 mm was produced owing to the 2D geometry of the supersonic propagation of the ablation front in condensed matter that was pushed sideways by a conical shock wave. Small-scale filamentation of the laser beam caused by thermal self-focusing of radiation in the crater-confined plasma was evidenced by the presence of a microcrater relief on the bottom of the main crater. In translucent PMMA, with a penetration depth for UV light of several hundred micrometers, a long narrow channel of length 1 mm and diameter 30 μm was observed emerging from the crater vertex. Similar channels with a length-to-diameter aspect ratio of ∼1000 were produced by a repeated-pulse KrF laser in PMMA and fused silica glass at an intensity of ∼109 W cm−2. This channel formation is attributed to the effects of radiation self-focusing in the plasma and Kerr self-focusing in a partially transparent target material after shallow-angle reflection by the crater wall. Experimental modeling of the initial stage of inertial confinement fusion-scale direct-drive KrF laser interaction with subcritical coronal plasmas from spherical and cone-type targets using crater-confined plasmas seems to be feasible with increased laser intensity above 1014 W cm−2.
Molecular mapping of a novel early leaf-senescence gene Els2 in common wheat by SNP genotyping arrays
Authors: Wang N. , Xie Y. Z. , Li Y. Z. , Wu S. N. , Wei H. S. , Wang C. S.
Published: April 2020

Early leaf senescence in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the limiting factors for developing high yield potential. In this study, a stably inherited, early leaf-senescence mutant LF2099 was initially identified in an M2 population of the common wheat accession H261 after ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. Early leaf senescence was observed in the LF2099 mutant during the three-leaf-stage, and then the etiolated area of the wheat leaf increased gradually from the bottom to the top throughout development. Compared with H261, the chlorophyll (Chl a, Chl b) and carotenoid contents and photosynthetic capacity of the mutant were significantly decreased. All of its yield-related traits except for spike length were also significantly reduced. Dissolved cytoplasm, abnormal chloroplast structure, dissolved chloroplast membrane, abnormal thylakoid development, and more plastoglobules were observed in the senescent leaf region of the mutant by transmission electronic microscope. Genetic analysis indicated that the early leaf-senescence phenotype is controlled by an incomplete-dominance nuclear gene, here designated Els2. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms and bulked segregant analysis, the els2 gene was anchored in a region on chromosome 2BL between simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers gpw4043 and wmc149. Six new polymorphic SSR markers were developed from the Chinese Spring 2BL shotgun survey sequence contigs. By means of comparative genomics analyses, the collinearity genomic regions of the els2 locus on wheat 2BL were identified in Brachypodium distachyon chromosome 5, rice (Oryza sativa) chromosome 4 and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) chromosome 6. Five intron polymorphism (IP) markers were further developed from this collinearity genomic region. Ultimately, Els2 was mapped in a genetic interval of 0.95 cM flanked by IP markers 2BIP09 and 2BIP14. The co-segregating IP markers 2BIP12 and 2BIP17 provide a starting point for the fine mapping and map-based cloning of Els2.
Combination of traits at two developmental stages under salt stress as a measure of tolerance in a reciprocally crossed rice (Oryza sativa) population
Authors: Elias Sabrina M. , Rahman M. Sazzadur , Khan Sumaiya F. , Biswas Sudip , Haque Taslima , Razzaque Samsad , Seraj Zeba I.
Published: April 2020

The rice (Oryza sativa L.) landrace Horkuch from Bangladesh maintains efficient photosynthesis and detoxification under salt stress and was therefore considered to be a useful donor for tolerance traits. Reciprocally crossed bi-parental mapping populations were generated from salt-tolerant Horkuch and high-yielding salt-sensitive variety IR29, in order to identify superior salt-tolerant high-yielding lines as donors. The present study reports on the phenotypic screening data of ~300 F3 segregating populations from the reciprocal cross and their parental lines in seedlings and screening of a subset at maturity stage under gradual salt stress of 12 dS m–1 for seedlings and 8 dS m–1 for mature plants. Correlation, broad-sense heritability and principal component analyses for salt tolerance as well as yield-related traits were conducted in the populations at the two developmental stages. Level of salt injury was found to be correlated with traits such as filled grain weight at maturity stage and biomass-related traits at the seedling stage. This association between yield-related and survival traits helped to identify tolerant and sensitive plants, which were predicative of agronomic performance under salt stress. Moreover, use of the reciprocal-cross population showed how cytoplasmic inheritance of specific traits such as K+ concentrations can affect characteristics of donor plants. Measurement of a large number of traits and analysis of their co-inherited interrelation can therefore help identify the best performing plants under salt stress for effective breeding strategies. The data are being utilised in mapping of quantitative trait loci, and selected progenies are being used as breeding lines for producing durable salt-tolerant, high-yielding rice varieties.
New insights into Early Old English from recent Anglo-Saxon runic finds
Authors: Hines John
Published: April 2020

The standard methods of philological reconstruction usually enable us to work back from the earliest recorded examples of a particular language and to reconstruct earlier stages – especially when the language in question has known close relatives. The Early Old English of the 7th to 9th centuries AD is far from unrecorded. In light of both of those facts, it is remarkable how far newly found specimens of the language, in runic inscriptions, are revealing quite new aspects of Old English. This paper considers three such examples in detail, all of them containing grammatically complete sentences. The evidence includes not only a previously unidentified runic graph, with its own implications for phonological awareness in the users of the runic script in Anglo-Saxon England, but also a range of morphological and lexical phenomena that altogether shed considerable light on varieties of Old English as early as the 8th century and on the value of this material for understanding the developing role of literacy across the period too.