bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous polydopamine nanoplatforms loaded with calcium ascorbate for amplified oxidation and photothermal combination cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ran Siyi , Yin Xueling , Zhang Jiting , Sun Xiao , Sun Wei , Zhu Zhihong
Published: December 2022

Background
Destruction of cellular redox homeostasis to induce cancer cell apoptosis is an emerging tumor therapeutic strategy. To achieve this goal, elevating exogenous oxidative stress or impairing the antioxidant defense system of cancer cells is an effective method. Herein, we firstly report a biocompatible and versatile nanoplatform (MpDA/Vc-Ca/PCM) based on calcium ascorbate (Vc-Ca) loaded mesoporous polydopamine (MpDA) nanoparticles, which simultaneously realized ROS generation, suppression of tumor antioxidant capability, and hyperthermia co-enhanced oncotherapy.
Methods
In this design, Vc-Ca is first loaded into MpDA, and then phase change material (PCM) is wrapped onto the surface of MpDA to form MpDA/Vc-Ca/PCM. The temperature-controlled release of Vc-Ca is characterized. The photothermal performance and GSH consumption capacity of MpDA are evaluated. The cytotoxicity mechanism of Vc-Ca is systematacially investigated. To confirm the synergistic tumor therapeutic effects, in vitro and in vivo biological tests are implemented.
Results
Vc-Ca encapsulated in MpDA by PCM is controllably released due to the melting of PCM matrix in response to photothermal heating upon a near-infrared irradiation. Vc-Ca is proved to be a pro-oxidant that can promote production of ROS (H2O2) in tumor site. Remarkably, MpDA can not only act as a photothermal agent, but also can break the redox balance of cancer cells through depleting the primary antioxidant glutathione (GSH), thus amplifying Vc-Ca-mediated oxidative therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the significantly enhanced antitumor activity of boosted ROS combined with local hyperthermia.
Conclusion
This study highlights the potential applications of Vc-Ca in cancer treatment, and the prepared multifunctional nanoplatform provides a novel paradigm for high-efficiency oxidation-photothermal therapy.
Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) Optimized Deletion Mutant as the Host for Whole Cell Biotransformation of N‑acetyl‑D‑neuraminic Acid
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Zhang Jiao , Shao Yanhong , Shang Guangdong
Published: December 2022

N‑acetyl‑D‑neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) is the precursor for antiflu medicine Zanamivir. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of Neu5Ac involves N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase (AGE)-catalyzed epimerization of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc), and aldolase-catalyzed condensation between ManNAc and pyruvate. Herein, via whole cell biotransformation system, BT0453, cloned from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, showed the highest biotransformation yield. Next, an optimized host was obtained by deleting the Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) chromosomal genes involved in product exportation, substrate degradation and pH change, a significant 16.5% yield improvement was observed with the host. The research highlights the importance of host’s chromosome engineering for biotransformation.
Survival and prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases limited access to systemic therapy
Authors: Trikhirhisthit Kyrhatii , Berpan Aniwat , Neesanun Sunee
Published: December 2022

Background
Survival after diagnosis of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was dismal even after local therapy (surgery or brain irradiation), partly because of the systemic burden. Paucities of medical oncologists and molecular testing plus disparities in health care coverage resulted in limited access to systemic chemotherapy, let alone targeted drug or immunotherapy, for brain metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (BM-NSCLC) in Thailand. In this study, we aimed to explore prognostic factors affecting overall survival and evaluate survival outcome in BM-NSCLC limited access to systemic therapy.
Methods
We retrospectively collected 83 BM-NSCLC from a tertiary care hospital in Thailand. Data regarding clinical characteristics and treatment factors including age, sex, performance status, histology, neurologic symptom, extra-cranial metastasis (ECM), receiving whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and receiving systemic treatment were collected as independent factors. Associations between these variables and time to death were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard regression.
Results
The patients' mean age was 63.1 year (SD 8.9). Most of the patients had adenocarcinoma (73%), presented with major neurological symptom (84%), and had brain metastases at their initial diagnosis of lung cancer (65%). Nearly 30% had ECM while 14% received systemic treatment. Three-quarters of patients received WBRT. Less than 15% were tested for actionable mutations. The median survival time was 2.7 months (95%CI: 2.2–4.1 months). One-month, three-month, six-month, and one-year survival probability was 78.3% (95%CI: 52.6–73.2%), 47.0% (95%CI: 36.0-57.2%), 26.5% (95%CI: 17.6–36.3%), and 9.6% (95%CI: 4.5–17.1%), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that having extra-cranial disease was significantly associated with death (HR 4.22, 95%CI:1.27-14.0,p = 0.019 for first diagnosis lung with any ECM; HR 6.33, 95%CI:1.62–24.79, p = 0.008 for controlled lung & ECM; and HR 11.32, 95%CI:2.89–56.1, p = 0.003 for uncontrolled lung or ECM). Receiving systemic treatment was significantly associated with a reduced risk of death (HR0.39, 95%CI:0.18–0.80, p = 0.011). WBRT was insignificantly associated with prolonged survival (HR 0.79, 95%CI:0.43–1.44, p = 0.441).
Conclusion
Extracranial disease and lack of systemic treatment significantly shortened survival in BM-NSCLC.
Prospective randomised unblinded comparison of sputum viscosity for three methods of saline nebulisation in mechanically ventilated patients: a study protocol
Authors: Arnott Andrew , Hart Robert , McQueen Scott , Watson Malcolm , Sim Malcolm
Published: December 2022

Background

Heat and moisture exchanger (HME) filters are commonly used as passive circuit humidifiers during mechanical ventilation, however, are only ~ 80% efficient. As a result, patients that undergo mechanical ventilation in critical care with HME filter circuits will be exposed to partial airway humidification. This is associated with detrimental effects including increased secretion load which has been shown to be an independent predicter of failed extubation and poor outcome. Nebulised normal saline is commonly utilised to supplement circuit humidification in ventilated patients with high secretion loads, although there are no randomised control trials evaluating its use in critical care. Novel vibrating mesh nebulisers generate a fine aerosol resulting in deeper lung penetration, potentially offering a more effective means of nebulising normal saline in comparison to jet nebulisers. The primary aim of this study is to compare the viscosity of respiratory secretions after treatment with nebulised normal saline administered via vibrating mesh nebuliser or jet nebuliser.

Methods

This randomised controlled trial is enrolling 60 mechanically ventilated adult critical care patients breathing on HME filter circuits with high secretion loads. Recruited patients will be randomised to receive nebulised saline via 3 modalities: 1) Continuous vibrating mesh nebuliser; 2) Intermittent vibrating mesh nebuliser or 3) Intermittent jet nebuliser. Over the 72-hr study period, the patients’ sputum viscosity (measured using a validated qualitative sputum assessment tool) and physiological parameters will be recorded by an unblinded assessor. Total secretion volume and any HME filter changes will also be recorded, in addition to a bedside nurse satisfaction questionnaire. A median reduction in secretion viscosity of ≥ 0.5 on the qualitative sputum assessment score will be deemed as a clinically significant improvement between treatment groups.

Discussion

Nebulised normal saline is commonly utilised for critical care patients with high secretion loads but no randomised control trials exist to guide the technology used or frequency of administration. Novel vibrating mesh technology may also be superior to traditional jet nebulisation for nebuliser delivery. A better understanding of the changes in sputum viscosity after normal saline nebulisation will help improve secretion management during mechanical ventilation.

Trial Registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05635903
Non-dimensional Wind and Temperature Gradients in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Sakagami Yoshiaki , Acevedo Otávio C. , Maroneze Rafael , Costa Felipe D. , Puhales Franciano S. , Demarco Giuliano
Published: December 2022

We propose a single non-dimensional expression for the wind and temperature vertical profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Two major reformulations are implemented from the generalized function for dimensionless wind and temperature gradients, so that the theory from previous studies may be extended above the surface layer. First, the thermal part of the wind shear is modified based on a surface temperature scale θ* and a thermal-characteristic height zh instead of the Obukhov length. Second, we introduce two new terms in the total Reynolds stress associated with the nonlinear parts of the thermal-mechanical stress, where coefficients α and β maybe describe wind profiles of the low-level jets. The proposed wind and temperature profiles are compared with the universal function in the surface layer and validated with Wangara's wind and temperature profiles up to a height of 2 km, and their measurements of surface turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum. One case of unstable and four cases of stable conditions are selected from the Wangara dataset, representing cases of convective, stratified, nocturnal jet and transition between the stratified and jet profiles. The proposed function has a good correlation in the five cases of temperature and wind profiles with RMSE better than 0.7 K and 0.7 m s-1 respectively. The coefficients zh and b associated with the linear part of Reynolds stress, and the coefficients α and β associated with the nonlinear part of Reynolds stress are analized, and their possible physical meanings are discussed.
Integrated Optical Vortex Microcomb
Authors: Liu Jin , Chen Bo , Zhou Yueguang , Huang Peinian , Ye Chaochao , Cao Qian , Liu Yang , Kim Chanju , Yvind Kresten , Li Jin , Dong Chun-Hua , Fu Songnian , Zhan Qiwen , Wang Xue-Hua , Pu Minhao
Published: December 2022

The explorations of physical degrees of freedom with infinite dimensionalities, such as orbital angular momentum and frequency of light, have profoundly reshaped the landscape of modern optics with representative photonic functional devices including optical vortex emitters1-3 and frequency combs4-6. In nanophotonics, whisper gallery mode microresonators naturally support orbital angular momentum of light7 and have been demonstrated as on-chip emitters of monochromatic optical vortices8. On the other hand, whisper gallery mode microresonators serve as a highly-efficient nonlinear optical platform for producing light at different frequencies - i.e., microcombs9. Here, we interlace the optical vortices and microcombs by demonstrating an optical vortex comb on an III-V integrated nonlinear microresonator. The angular-grating-dressed nonlinear microring simultaneously emits up to 50 orbital angular momentum modes that are each spectrally addressed to the frequency components ((longitudinal whispering gallery modes) of the generated microcomb. We further show that the integrated vortex comb with varied orbital angular momenta distributed across different frequencies exhibits unprecedented advantages in the synthesis of spatio-temporal optical pulses with time-varying orbital angular momenta. This work may immediately boost the development of integrated nonlinear/quantum photonics for exploring fundamental optical physics and advancing photonic quantum technology.
Fluoride levels of Irish Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Green Peas (Possum sativa) from Nakuru County, Kenya, and the risk of fluoride overexposure
Authors: Nelima Delphine , Wambu Enos W. , Kituyi John L.
Published: December 2022

Background
Considerable research has been dedicated to investigating fluoride (F) contaminations of water along the Eastern Africa Rift Valley System (EARS) but critical F data on the food systems is still needed for assessing the risk of human F overexposure and for informing the development of plausible strategies for ameliorating its deleterious effects among the communities. The current study investigated F levels of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and garden peas (Possum sativa) from Nakuru County, Kenya, and then assessed the risk of human F overexposure through contaminated foodstuffs.
Results
High F levels exceeding WHO’s recommended dietary allowance of 4 mg/kg has been reported in the three foodstuffs. Fluoride levels in the beans and in the potatoes were high and varied from with regions but F levels in peas were lower and nearly constant across the regions. Risks of F overexposure through F-contaminated foodstuffs increased with increasing body weight and physical activity levels, especially in young children and among male populations.
Conclusions
High F in the foodstuffs have adverse public health implications on the resident communities and the development of plausible remediation and preventive strategies for ameliorating its deleterious effects among the communities is of essence.
Liver Resection vs. TACE for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Modestly Beyond the Milan Criteria: A Multicentre Retrospective Study
Authors: Ma Shouzheng , Zhu Jun , Wang Enxin , Zhao Shoujie , Bai Yang , Zhao Junlong , Li Jing , Zhu Yejing , Bai Tingting , Han Dandan , Xu Fenghua , Chen Hui , Zhang Yongchao , Zhao Yan , Fan Jiahao , Lou Yanju , Yang Man , Chen Xing , Jia Jia , Wu Wenbing , Zhang Chenyu , Tang Yuxin , Qi Xingshun , Chen Dongfeng , Wang Rui , Han Ying , Liu Lei
Published: December 2022

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is the optimal treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) meeting the Extended Liver Transplant Criteria (ELTC), but it is only offered for the minority. The optimal alternative strategy for HCCs beyond the Milan criteria (BMC) but meeting the ELTC, which is defined as modestly beyond the Milan criteria (MBMC) here, is a matter of concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival benefits of LR compared with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for MBMC-HCCs.
Methods: From January 2010 to October 2021, from fifteen Chinese hepatobiliary centres, 1110 MBMC-HCC patients with Child‒Pugh A who underwent LR (n = 424) or TACE (n = 686) were included. Overall survival (OS) benefit of LR versus TACE in the MBMC-HCC cohort was compared based on a propensity score matching (PSM) and was further validated in addition BMC-HCC cohorts selected according to other extended LT criteria (Asan criteria, up-to-7 criteria, French alpha-foetoprotein model and Metroticket 2.0 model).
Results: Survival analyses in the MBMC-HCC cohort as well as other 4 BMC-HCC cohorts demonstrated that OS was significantly longer in the LR group than that in the TACE group (all log-rank P < 0.001). After a 1:1 PSM in the MBMC-HCC cohort, multivariate analysis and subsequent subgroup analyses based on tumour burden and other important covariates further confirmed the robust survival advantage of LR compared to TACE.
Conclusions: LR rather than TACE is highly recommended as the preferred alternative for potential LT candidates with MBMC-HCC regardless of tumor burden.
A mathematical prediction model of the grinding force in ultrasonic assisted grinding of ZrO2 ceramics with experimental validation
Authors: Liu Sheng , Ding Kai , Su Honghua , Zhuang Bailiang , Li Qilin , Lei Weining , Zhou Zongchen , Han Xiao
Published: December 2022

Zirconia is gradually used in manufacturing aerospace and other fields because of its excellent mechanical processing properties. Due to its hardness and brittleness, zirconia can easily cause excessive and unstable changes in grinding force during machining, resulting in extensive surface damage and poor surface quality. Therefore, it is important to establish an appropriate grinding force model and achieve accurate control and prediction of the grinding force. Ultrasonic-assisted grinding can reduce grinding forces, improve workpiece surface quality，and increase processing efficiency. However, the grinding force model for ultrasonic-assisted grinding is still not adequately investigated. In this study, a new method for predicting the axial force of ultrasonic-assisted grinding is proposed. Vickers hardness and indentation fracture theories combine two different methods: plastic removal and brittle fracture. Moreover, conventional and ultrasonic-assisted grinding tests are performed. Then, the relationship between grinding forces and process parameters is investigated using numerical statistical calculation methods. The grinding force data obtained from the test validate the theoretical model, with the average error between the theoretical and experimental values being 22.87%. The influence of machining variables on the grinding force is investigated, and experimental results of conventional al grinding and ultrasonic-assisted grinding are compared. It is found that the rotary ultrasonic-assisted grinding force can be reduced by up to 66.76%.
Using smart ecosystems against pandemics
Authors: Péntek István , Adamkó Attila
Published: December 2022

In the recent decade, increasingly many technological innovations have been incorporated into smart city architectures. The modern lifestyle requires people to have at least one fitness tracker or another wearable device in most households. Usually, devices are equipped with more biosensors thus producing valuable time series that can be used to track the desired areas. The use of bio-sensory time series is not limited to private purposes only, data can be used to improve services in everyday life. The data generated by bio-sensory devices primarily infiltrate smart home solutions. However, the extended smart home solutions give the opportunity to improve smart city solutions as well. The consecutive change in the subject technologies that form the smart city and smart home architectures, as well as the sensitivity of data from confidential sources, is the key factor. The vendors must keep up with the continuous change. This research will demonstrate results that can make the services of smart ecosystems more valuable by using bio-sensory data. Based on the presented research results, smart ecosystems can act much more effectively against an epidemic or a pandemic. The research paper focuses on how bio-sensory time series data can be collected and used, how the data can be integrated into smart ecosystems, and how it can be integrated into smart healthcare solutions.
Hankel-type operator acting on Hardy spaces and weighted Bergman spaces
Authors: Zhou Zhihui
Published: December 2022

Inspired by Xiao’s work about the Hankel measures for the weighted Bergman spaces, in this paper, if β > 0 and the measure μ is a complex Borel measure on the unit disk D, we define the Hankel type operator Kμ,β by
Kμ,β : ƒ →∫D(1 − wz)−(β)ƒ(w)dμ(w).
The operator itself has been widely studied when μ is a positive Borel measure supported on the interval [0, 1). We study the boundedness of Kμ,1 acting on Hardy spaces and the boundedness of Kμ,α, α > 1 acting on weighted Bergman spaces. Then we mainly raise and answer some questions about the boundedness of those operators. Also, we find some special measures μ′s such that s-Hankel measure is equal to s-Carleson measure.
RETRACTED: Prediction of post-operative clinical indices in scoliosis correction surgery using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system
Authors: ABEDI Rasoul , fatouraee nasser , BOSTANSHIRIN Mahdi
Published: December 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Using Rasch analysis to examine raters’ expertise Turkish teacher candidates’ competency levels in writing different types of test items
Authors: SAYIN Ayfer , ŞATA Mehmet
Published: December 2022

The aim of the present study was to examine Turkish teacher candidates’ competency levels in writing different types of test items by utilizing Rasch analysis. In addition, the effect of the expertise of the raters scoring the items written by the teacher candidates was examined within the scope of the study. 84 Turkish teacher candidates participated in the present study, which was conducted using the relational survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. Three experts participated in the rating process: an expert in Turkish education, an expert in measurement and evaluation, and an expert in both Turkish education and measurement and evaluation. The teacher candidates wrote true-false, short response, multiple choice and open-ended types of items in accordance with the Test Item Development Form, and the raters scored each item type by designating a score between 1 and 5 based on the item evaluation scoring rubric prepared for each item type. The study revealed that Turkish teacher candidates had the highest level of competency in writing true-false items, while they had the lowest competency in writing multiple-choice items. Moreover, it was revealed that raters’ expertise had an effect on teacher candidates’ competencies in writing different types of items. Finally, it was found that the rater who was an expert in both Turkish education and measurement and evaluation had the highest level of scoring reliability, while the rater who solely had expertise in measurement and evaluation had the relatively lowest level of scoring reliability.
The development and validation of a scale measuring mobile phone use in an academic environment
Authors: YASAN AK Nehir , YILDIRIM Soner
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to fill the gap in current research on educational mobile phone use within the framework for the rational analysis of the mobile education (FRAME) model. The paper developed and validated the Mobile Phone Use in Academic Environment Scale (MPUAES) to measure both positive and negative aspects of educational use of mobile phones. The data was collected from all faculties and all grade levels of Middle East Technical University in Ankara. The inclusion criterion for the participation in the study was owning a smartphone. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were run with two different groups in a total of 1887 undergraduate students. Three factors structure with 18 items were obtained, which were labeled as facilitator, distractor, and connectedness. These three factors explained 63.42% of the total variance. For confirmation of the factor structure, confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the second sample. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of each factor ranged between .90 and .74. To conclude, the findings of the study proposed that the scores obtained from the developed scale were valid and reliable in measuring undergraduate students’ mobile phone use in an academic environment.
The mediating role of strategic intelligence in the relationship between organizational agility and organizational excellence in Jordanian telecommunications companies
Authors: Aldiabat Bassam
Published: December 2022

Jordanian telecommunications companies deal with many turbulent conditions characterized by a high degree of complexity, intense competition, and changes in customer needs. Therefore, they had to pay attention to achieving organizational excellence and making changes that could enhance their capabilities.This study aims to reveal the role of organizational agility for Jordanian telecommunications companies in enhancing their organizational excellence by determining the impact of organizational agility. The paper chose some dimensions (organizational sensitivity, collective commitment, and resource development) to analyze how to achieve organizational excellence by applying the mediating role of strategic intelligence to the relationship between independent and dependent variables.The study used the descriptive analytical approach. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed to collect data; two hundred and seventy-seven were retrieved and deemed valid. SPSS and AMOS 23 were used for data analysis and hypotheses testing. According to managers in Jordanian telecommunications companies, the results showed a positive and significant correlation between organizational agility and organizational excellence. The path coefficient is 0.63, which is significant at the level of 0.01, and R2 = 0.41, which means that 41% of the variance of competitive advantage can be explained by the variance in organizational agility. In addition, it was concluded that there is a significant, direct effect between strategic intelligence and organizational excellence and an indirect effect of strategic intelligence on the relationship between organizational agility and organizational excellence.
Practice of bringing to criminal liability on Article 126-1 of Criminal Code and ways of increasing its efficiency
Authors: Politova Anna Serhiivna
Published: December 2022

In connection with the ratification of the Convention of the Council of Europe on the prevention of violence against women and domestic violence and the fight against these phenomena (Istanbul Convention), the issue of the practice of prosecution under Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The article notes that the problem of combating domestic violence constantly attracts the attention of not only forensic scientists, but also judges, lawyers, and human rights defenders.
Statistical data on the number of cases of domestic violence were considered. It is emphasized that when interpreting the concept of "criminal offenses related to domestic violence", referring to them only Art. 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is not entirely correct and correct, since the concept of "domestic violence" enshrined in the Council of Europe Convention on the prevention of violence against women and domestic violence and the fight against these phenomena and the Law of Ukraine of December 7, 2017 No. 2229-VIII "On prevention and combating domestic violence" is broader than the law of Ukraine on criminal liability.
The existing approaches to the interpretation of such a mandatory feature of the composition of a criminal offense as "systematic perpetration of physical, psychological or economic violence" were studied and the lack of unity in judicial practice regarding its interpretation was noted. Attention is focused on the decision of the Supreme Court dated February 25, 2021 in case No. 583/3295/19, where its interpretation is given and problematic issues of the use of this decision by the courts are considered. A conclusion was drawn on the need to generalize judicial practice (as of November 6, 2022 – the total number of verdicts in the first instance is 2,137) and to take into account the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in this category of cases when sentencing.
Implementation in Ukraine of the state policy to reduce the severity of the consequences of road accidents
Authors: Shramko Sabriie Seitzheliivna
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the implementation of state policy in Ukraine to reduce the severity of the consequences of road accidents. It is stated that the foundations of state policy are laid down in state programs, plans and strategic documents. The key directions of road safety are contained in legal acts that reflect strategic, perspective, short-term and long-term plans for achieving the goal. Such documents are the State Program for Improving Road Safety in Ukraine and the Strategy for Improving Road Safety in Ukraine. It is noted that some of the measures and directions adopted for the new term of the State Program and Strategy remain unchanged, but their definition is being improved from year to year and becomes less declarative.

The analysis of the effectiveness of legislative changes to strengthen responsibility for driving while intoxicated is carried out. The conclusion is made that the state policy in the field of road safety, in particular, to reduce the severity of the consequences of road accidents, has sufficient regulatory and legal consolidation. Strategic and program documents contain specific measures and directions of road safety, but there is no statistics on the effectiveness of the measures taken, analysis of costs for each item and miscalculations, as well as their critical assessment.

A number of proposals were made that will contribute to more effective implementation of the state policy to reduce the severity of road accidents. These are: improvement of the system of collecting information on road accidents, its processing, research and analysis in order to develop and implement effective preventive measures; assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of the measures implemented to determine the priority of funding; conducting a sound economic assessment of the cost of life, health and damage to the economy from road accidents.
Measuring of rotating shafts angular deformation by means of ultrasonic vibration meter
Authors: Ermolaev Artem , Gordeev Boris , Okhulkov Sergei , Panovko Grigory , Plekhov Alexander
Published: December 2022

The task of measuring of rotating shafts angular deformation by means of ultrasonic vibration meter is considered in the article. Measurement of vibration parameters of rotating objects is an urgent task in the technical diagnostics of electromechanical units, turbines, drilling rigs and metal-cutting machines subject to vibration disturbances. The measured vibration parameters of rotating shafts include their angular deformation and torques arising from torsional vibrations of shafting of machines in the stationary and mobile objects. Timely monitoring of the torsional vibrations of the shafting and other factors of vibration disturbances by the frequency of shaft beats makes it possible to identify defects at an early stage and eliminate breakdowns that threaten the life and safety of personnel. It was found out that the reflected acoustic signal phase measurement relative to the reference one incident onto the investigated shaft surface can be carried out with error at 0.6 % at velocities not more than 0.5 m/s. This article is intended for mechanical engineers involved in the development and operation of rotating machines of stationary and mobile objects.
Evaluation and sensitivity analysis of three-dimensional numerical simulation for aerated deflector-generated jets in spillways
Authors: He Junling , Yin Jinbu , He Hong , Ren Panhong , Zhang Shuguang , Du Zhenkang
Published: December 2022

Aeration is an efficient way to prevent cavitation erosion of a discharge structure and alleviate damage to trajectory nappe on the downstream energy dissipator. Due to the complexity of the aeration jet, it is still a big challenge to understand the aeration mechanism at the water-air interface. This study applied the two-fluid model to simulate three-dimensional entrainment characteristics of jet flow, and also analyzed effects of bubble size, wall roughness, drag force model, turbulence model, and numerical model dimension on clear-water length. Results reveal that the two-fluid model can accurately and effectively simulate clear-water length, thickness variation, and average cross-section air concentration of jet flow with maximum error of 4.1%, 6.5% and 4.2% (x = L1, defining clear-water length with 1% air concentration as L1), respectively. Wall roughness height has a crucial influence on clear-water length. Taking L1 as an example, clear-water length decreases by 13.9% when roughness height increases from 0 to 3 mm. The drag models and bubble particle sizes affect clear-water length only when the profile aeration concentration is greater than 15%. Turbulence model and numerical model dimension have a minor effect on clear-water length.
Identification of microplastics from urban informal solid waste landfill soil; MP associations with COD and chloride
Authors: Mahesh S. , Gowda Nisarga K. , Mahesh Sahana
Published: December 2022

Microplastics (MPs) are an issue of prime environmental concern globally. The abundance of MP particles in the informal open solid waste landfill soil was evaluated showing 180–1120 MP particles per kg of soil. Moisture content (MC), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the MP-contaminated soil compared to the baseline showed 2.96% MC, 187–441 μS/cm EC and 6.94 pH. Morphology of extracted MPs in SEM showed particle fragmentation as film fragments (13.7%), fragments (56.1%), fibres (26.4%) and foam (3.8%). EDS results showed Carbon 71.8% and 24.5% oxygen with traces of Na, Al, Si and Cl−. FTIR of field obtained MPs identified were polyethylene and polypropylene. The association of MP particles with COD and chloride was discovered. MP particles of Low-density Polyethylene of size of 1 mm × 1 mm and thickness 25 μm up to 20 numbers showed no effect adding to the COD values. The COD values increased with increase in MP particle numbers. Similarly, chloride associations with MP particles showed an increase in MP particles reducing chloride values by 31% in landfill runoff water. It is interpreted that MP particle disintegration into nano-sized plastics (NPs) in the soil/runoff water can greatly increase the COD values and impair the salt mass balance.
Decontamination of mustard sulfur and VX by sodium percarbonate complexed with 1-acetylguanidine as a novel activator
Authors: Qi Lihong , Xiao Boren , Kong Lingce , Xu Yong , Yang Jinxing , Zuo Guomin
Published: December 2022

The peroxide-based decontaminants had attracted great attention for degradation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) because of their high performance, non-corrosive and environmental-friendly merits. Hydrogen peroxide can be activated by some organic activators to enhance the oxidation ability. In this work, a novel formula based on sodium percarbonate (SPC) complexed with 1-acetylguanidine (ACG) was investigated for decontamination of sulfur mustard (HD) and VX as CWAs. In the experimental results, the active species acetyl peroxide imide acid in the formula aqueous solution was detected in situ by Raman and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The optimized conditions of the decontamination formula (SPC/ACG) were suggested that, the molar ratio of active oxygen and activator ([O]/[ACG]) was 1:1 while the pH value of the formula aqueous solution was about 9. To achieve the decontamination percentage over 99%, the molar ratio of active oxygen to CWA ((O)/(CWA)) needed to be at least 3 for HD and 7 for VX. Meanwhile, the degradation products detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and ion chromatography (IC) indicated that the oxidation and elimination reactions should have occurred on HD molecule, while the degradation of VX mainly originate from the nucleophilic substitution and oxidation reactions.
Scattering of sound waves on spheres: methods and main characteristics (review)
Authors:   Mavlyutov Institute of Mechanics UFRC RAS, Ufa, Russia, Nasibullaeva E.Sh.
Published: December 2022

The investigation of the sound wave scattering phenomenon on small-sized inhomogeneities is important both for studying the fundamental nature of this phenomenon and from a practical point of view, since many applications of acoustic waves are based on scattering phenomenon, such as sonar, sounding of the atmosphere and ocean, nondestructive testing devices, creation of a positioned 3D sound, etc. In many systems under consideration, obstacles are spherical (or can be considered as such). Present review is devoted to the analysis of the main works on theoretical methods for solving problems of acoustic wave scattering on spheres and determining the main characteristics of this phenomenon, as well as on existing experimental works. Two theoretical approaches to solving the presented problem can be distinguished. In the first approach, it is assumed that the distribution of scatterers is random, and the average value of the scattered field is calculated. In the second approach, which is given the main attention in this paper, the solution is reduced to large system of integral or linear algebraic equations using various methods, such as the T-matrix method, addition theorems for spherical functions, Green’s functions, integral equations. The first approach allows one to consider systems with a large number of randomly distributed particles, however, due to the averaging of the sound field, it is impossible to determine the pressure at a specific point in space. The second approach makes it possible to determine the zones of increasing and decreasing pressure, however, for a large number of spheres, the solution requires significant computing resources and processor time. The analysis of scientific papers that define the main characteristics of the scattering phenomenon, such as the total or back scattering cross-section, has shown that analytical formulas and numerical studies are limited to the cases of a single sphere or systems with two spheres. Thus the problem of determining the formulae for these characteristics in the general case remains unsolved and is relevant.
Zderzenie ideologii i utopii. Jakobińskie ruchy społeczne XXI w. w świeckiej odsłonie
Authors: Korczyński Tomasz M.
Published: December 2022

W artykule punktem wyjściowym uczyniono teoretyczną analizę zjawiska ideologii i utopii na podstawie klasycznego dzieła socjologicznego Karola Mannheima, które skonfrontowano następnie z koncepcją Szemuela N. Eisenstadta przedstawioną w eseju O jakobińskim komponencie ruchów fundamentalistycznych. Powstała w ten sposób synteza stanowi model teoretyczny przydatny do prześledzenia owego „elementu jakobińskiego” występującego w niektórych ruchach społecznych. Zaproponowano badanie świeckich ruchów społecznych z pominięciem ruchów religijnych. W ramach analizy nurtów świeckich uwzględniono ruchy anarchistyczne oraz feministyczne. W konkluzji wskazano, że po pierwsze, zarówno wątki ideologiczne, jak też utopijne nie są obce różnym strukturom wiedzy i działaniom społecznym, procesom intelektualnym oraz społecznym, po drugie, wiedza społeczna generowana, dystrybuowana i umacniana w rozmaitych i różniących się od siebie środowiskach społecznych ma w gruncie rzeczy podobne źródła, struktury i genezę.
Гендерный фактор в распознавании эмоционального состояния человека по его аудио-видеоизображениям
Authors: Барабанщиков Владимир А. , Suvorova Екатерина В.
Published: December 2022

Аннотация: Введение. Гендерные различия в восприятии эмоциональных состояний человека обычно изучаются на материале статичных изображений лица, жестов или поз. Динамика и множественность проявления эмоций остаются «за кадром». Предлагаемая работа нацелена на поиск закономерностей восприятия процессуальных характеристик выражения эмоций. Исследуется влияние пола и возраста на идентификацию эмоциональных состояний в экологически и социально валидных ситуациях. Методика. В основу положена русскоязычная версия Женевского теста распознавания эмоций (Geneva Emotion Recognition Test, GERT). Испытуемым, 48 женщинам и 48 мужчинам, в возрасте от 20 до 62 лет в случайном порядке предъявлялись 83 аудио-видеоролика с записью четырнадцати ключевых эмоциональных состояний. Наряду с мимикой, жестами, движениями головы и глаз, изменениями положения корпуса тела, актёры озвучивали псевдолингвистические высказывания, содержащие экспрессивные интонации. В качестве инструмента оценки эмоциональных состояний использовался сокращенный вариант «Женевского колеса эмоций». Каждый видеоклип демонстрировался наблюдателю 3–5  с. Определялись гендерные различия ответов в точности идентификации и категориальной структуре тестированных экспрессий.

Результаты и обсуждение. Женщины по сравнению с мужчинами точнее распознают мультимодальные динамические эмоции, особенно выраженные женщинами. Мужчины более чувствительны к нюансам и полутонам демонстрируемых состояний. Половозрастные различия в точности идентификации статистически значимы для пяти эмоций: радости, развлечения, раздражения, гнева и удивления. На женских лицах радость, удивление, раздражение и гнев точнее распознаются женщинами после 35 лет. На мужских лицах удивление распознается менее точно мужчинами до 35 лет; развлечение, раздражение, гнев – после 35 лет. Зависимость точности распознавания мультимодальных динамических выражений эмоций от степени возбуждения у наблюдателей-мужчин не обнаружена, у женщин – носит разнонаправленный характер, определяемый модальностью эмоции, полом актёра и возрастом наблюдателя.
Стратегии реагирования родителей на негативные эмоции и эмпатические реакции детей дошкольного возраста
Authors: Черная Анна В. , Маргунова Юлия А.
Published: December 2022

Введение. Цель данного исследования – изучение поддерживающих и не поддерживающих стратегий реагирования родителей на негативные эмоции и эмпатические реакции детей дошкольного возраста. Методы. В исследовании приняли участие родители детей 5–7 лет в количестве 52 человек (23 женского и 29 – мужского пола). Диагностический инструментарий: опросник «Характер проявлений эмпатических реакций и поведения у детей» Щетининой А.М.; Шкала преодоления негативных эмоций у детей (CCNES) Fabes, R. A., Poulin, R., Eisenberg, N., & Madden-Derdich, D. A. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась в программе SPSS Statistics 25 с применением корреляционного анализа по критерию Спирмена. Результаты. Анализ полученных эмпирических данных проводился в несколько этапов: выделены исследуемые переменные (формы эмпатических реакций детей по их оценке родителями – гуманистическая, эгоцентрическая, смешанная); типы реагирования родителей на негативные эмоции детей (дистресс-реакции; карательные реакции; экспрессивное поощрение; реакции, ориентированные на эмоции; реакции, ориентированные на проблему; реакции минимизации). Определены базовые статистические характеристики переменных, на основе которых проведен статистический корреляционный анализ. Показаны различия в оценках родителями эмпатических проявлений детей и типах реагирования родителей на негативные эмоции, соответствующие двум стратегиям эмоциональной социализации – поддерживающей, оптимальной для дошкольников, и не поддерживающей, дисгармоничной. Основываясь на модели эмоциональной социализации, ключевое понятие которой – ориентированное на эмоции социализирующее поведение (Emotion-Related Socialization Behaviours) родителей, в исследовании изучены стратегии реагирования родителей на негативные эмоции детей как компонент эмоциональной социализации, подчеркивается их уникальная роль в формировании у дошкольников базового эмоционального опыта. Обсуждение результатов. Проведенное исследование показывает оптимальные типы реагирования родителей на эмоциональные проявления детей, их вклад в эмоциональное развитие и формирование социально-эмоциональной компетентности дошкольников.
Аффордансы как часть процесса идентификации объекта в зрительном поиске
Authors: Ануфриева Анастасия А. , Горбунова Елена С.
Published: December 2022

Введение. Исследование направлено на изучение роли аффордансов в репрезентации объекта и влияния моторных программ на процесс зрительного поиска в рамках парадигмы пропусков при продолжении поиска (ПППП). Выдвигалась гипотеза о возникновении эффекта совместимости/конгруэнтности в процессе поиска реальных объектов среди дистракторов посредством запуска моторных программ. Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 60 человек от 18 до 30 лет, с нормальным или скорректированным зрением, без нарушений опорно-двигательного аппарата. Испытуемым необходимо было искать целевые стимулы среди дистракторов, параллельно выполняя движение не ведущей рукой, которое могло быть конгруэнтно, не конгруэнтно, частично конгруэнтно заданной словом цели.

Результаты. В результате анализа данных не было обнаружено значимых различий по точности и времени реакции в зависимости от конгруэнтности движения к объекту поиска в обеих группах. Однако эффект ПППП наблюдался во всех группах независимо от конгруэнтности движения к объекту. Обсуждение результатов. Так как в предыдущих исследованиях использовалась задача наименования или категоризации, а не зрительного поиска, возможным объяснением полученных результатов могут быть следующие факторы: движение выполнялось не ведущей рукой, целевой стимул задавался словом, запускались нерелевантные программы, сформировать ситуацию аффорданса было невозможно из-за восприятия объектов с отличными от целевой моторными программами. Заключение. Исследование очерчивает границу положения о включенности функционального знания в репрезентацию объекта и влияния эффекта совместимости на процесс зрительного поиска. Запуск моторных программ не обязательно приводит к значимому влиянию на процесс нахождения целевого стимула среди дистракторов – возникает эффект совместимости. Достижение состояния аффорданса является, вероятно, ключевым фактором для возникновения подобного влияния.
Конфигурации коллективных ментальных моделей при решении служебно-боевых задач курсантами Росгвардии
Authors: Мекебаев Нуржан С. , Перевозкина Юлия М. , Федоришин Михаил В.
Published: December 2022

Введение. Коллективная ментальная модель как важная составляющая воинского коллектива, члены которого обладают разными знаниями, опытом, потребностями, ценностями, может эффективно объяснять, прогнозировать и повышать успешность воинского подразделения при выполнении служебно-боевых задач. Новизна данной работы заключается в использовании метасистемного подхода для разработки структуры и методов измерения коллективной ментальной модели военнослужащих при решении ими нестандартных ситуаций в мирное и военное время. Цель исследования заключалась в разработке структуры и метода измерения коллективных ментальных моделей военнослужащих. Проверялось предположение, что при решении различных вводных курсантами будут использованы разные знания, способности, эмоции, потребности и роли.

Методы. В исследовании приняли участие 71 курсант ВООВО войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации в возрасте от 21 до 27 лет. Для изучения индивидуальных ментальных моделей были разработаны 10 кейсов, содержащих реальные повседневные и служебно-боевые ситуации. При решении каждой вводной курсантам необходимо было определить когнитивные, мотивационные, эмоциональные и ролевые параметры. Для выявления ролевых аспектов использовалась методика «Калейдоскоп», содержащая 10 фигур разделенных по полу и возрасту. Для выявления коллективных ментальных моделей по каждой вводной применялся анализ сопряженности исследуемых параметров по критерию Пирсона. Результаты. При решении вводных курсантами были обнаружены статистически значимые сопряженности относительно наличия имеющегося аналогичного опыта, меткогнитивными знаниями, способностями, потребностями, эмоциями и ролями (p≤0,05). Обсуждение результатов. Результаты исследования подтвердили предположение о том, что полученные связи позволяют выстроить определенные конфигурации коллективных ментальных моделей при решении военнослужащими проблемных повседневных и служебно-боевых задач.

Заключение. В целом данные проведенного исследования позволяют сделать вывод о том, что формирование общей ментальной модели военнослужащих может улучшить понимание личным составом подразделения служебно-боевых задач, способствовать взаимопониманию и поддержке в воинском коллективе, а также повысить его эффективность в военно-профессиональной деятельности.