bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Palatable Diets in Reward System Activation: A Mini Review
Authors: de Macedo Isabel Cristina , de Freitas Joice Soares , da Silva Torres Iraci Lucena
Published: March 2016

The changes in eating patterns that have occurred in recent decades are an important cause of obesity. Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by a complex neural system involving the hypothalamic centers and peripheral satiety system (gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones). Highly palatable and caloric food disrupts appetite regulation; however, palatable foods induce pleasure and reward. The cafeteria diet is such a palatable diet and has been shown consistently to increase body weight and induce hyperplasia in animal obesity models. Moreover, palatable high-fat foods (such as those of the cafeteria diet) can induce addiction-like deficits in brain reward function and are considered to be an important source of motivation that might drive overeating and contribute to the development of obesity. The mechanism of neural adaptation triggered by palatable foods is similar to those that have been reported for nondrug addictions and long-term drug use. Thus, this review attempts to describe the potential mechanisms that might lead to highly palatable diets, such as the cafeteria diet, triggering addiction, or compulsion through the reward system.
Influence of Crucible Thermal Conductivity on Crystal Growth in an Industrial Directional Solidification Process for Silicon Ingots
Authors: Li Zaoyang , Liu Lijun , Zhang Yunfeng , Zhou Genshu
Published: March 2016

We carried out transient global simulations of heating, melting, growing, annealing, and cooling stages for an industrial directional solidification (DS) process for silicon ingots. The crucible thermal conductivity is varied in a reasonable range to investigate its influence on the global heat transfer and silicon crystal growth. It is found that the crucible plays an important role in heat transfer, and therefore its thermal conductivity can influence the crystal growth significantly in the entire DS process. Increasing the crucible thermal conductivity can shorten the time for melting of silicon feedstock and growing of silicon crystal significantly, and therefore large thermal conductivity is helpful in saving both production time and power energy. However, the high temperature gradient in the silicon ingots and the locally concave melt-crystal interface shape for large crucible thermal conductivity indicate that high thermal stress and dislocation propagation are likely to occur during both growing and annealing stages. Based on the numerical simulations, some discussions on designing and choosing the crucible thermal conductivity are presented.
Father Richard’s Motives for Publishing the First U.S. Catholic Newspaper
Authors: Frasca Ralph
Published: March 2016

Beleaguered and overworked French missionary priest Father Gabriel Richard and a 16-year-old boy published the first American Catholic newspaper. Rather than doing so in a large Eastern city, they brought forth their newspaper, The Michigan Essay , in a small town on the early American frontier. Besides being the first Catholic newspaper in the nation, it was also the first newspaper of any kind ever published in Michigan. This article focuses on the motives of the priest and the teenaged ally for undertaking this risky and expensive venture, and how it resulted from Father Richard’s zeal for proselytizing, teaching moral virtue as one of his role models Benjamin Franklin had done, and educating native American Indian children in his care.
The Elsewhere Swerve: Polyrhythmic Epistemology and Inclusive History in Charlotte Carter’s Jazz Detective Fiction Novel Coq au Vin (1999)
Authors: Istomina Julia
Published: March 2016

Charlotte Carter’s “orchestrated” detective fiction novel Coq au Vin utilizes jazz as a compositional and epistemological methodology. Employed by Blues Woman and practicing jazz musician Nanette Hayes, jazz (as) methodology animates Coq au Vin’s discourse of value to recognize both the legacy and technique of jazz music beyond kitsch representations of black Parisian jazz as primitive “jass culture.” At the same time, the protagonist’s ambivalent affinity for two New York and Paris is contextualized through black diasporic history. In effect, Nanette’s inhabitation of a liminal psychic and physical space within an increasingly commercialized cultural diaspora does not get remedied through a return to home or marriage, marking her exile within/to a “radical elsewhere” both nostalgic and critical.
Exposure to Hypersexualized Rap Imagery and the Relationship among Self-Esteem, Cultural Identity and Body Image of African American Female Students
Authors: Adams Tracey C. , Witherspoon Karen McCurtis
Published: March 2016

The purpose of the study was to identify relationships among psychosocial indicators and exposure to hypersexualized rap imagery. African American female college students (N=112) indicated time spent viewing and listening to rap music, identified their attitudes and perceptions of rap music, and responded to measures of self-esteem, cultural identity, and body image. Participants who experienced excessive exposure exhibited more positive empowerment scores than participants who experienced minimal exposure. Respondents with minimal exposure exhibited less positive artistic/esthetic scores than those with moderate exposure. Participants with more positive violence/misogyny scores exhibited lower self-ideal. Implications for promoting healthy relationships are explored.
Sex, Lies, and Legal Consequences: Exploring Legal and Societal Impacts of sti Nondisclosures within the African American Community
Authors: Coel Crystal Rae
Published: March 2016

This manuscript examines some case law and some state laws about intentional and negligent transmissions of sexually transmitted diseases. The author contends that even when some people knowingly have a sexually transmitted infection and are aware of legal consequences, they will still engage in sexual risk taking behaviors. This conceptual essay will attempt to illuminate the need for policymakers and legal scholars to engage in formal discourse that examines the efficacy of individuals disclosing their sexual histories to partners and intentional or negligent nondisclosure of one’s sexual infection; the possible legal consequences that may emerge from nondisclosure; and the potential economic impact on society.
From International to Transnational Mining: The Industry’s Shifting Political Economy and the Caribbean
Authors: Sprague Jeb
Published: March 2016

Cet article examine la trajectoire historique et le changement de l’économie politique de l’industrie minière dans la Caraïbe. Il parlera de l’émergence des opérations minières dans la région du à une fragmentation des politiques nationales de développement et des anciens modèles de coopératives internationales. Cette fragmentation sera la conséquence d’une industrie mondialisée des entreprises transnationales, du travail flexible et d’une série d’entreprise de sous-traitants et d’exploration. L’interaction entre l’Etat et l’industrie est passée de pratiques de contrôle direct ou partiel (ou de guide) à des politiques qui favorisent la compétitivité mondiale et l’investissement capitaliste transnationale. Cet article apporte des précisions sur la transition des opérations minières internationales à celles de la phase globale du capitalisme mondial notamment en République dominicaine, en Haïti et à la Jamaïque. En conclusion, il explique que les syndicats, les communautés locales, les écologistes, les mouvements sociaux et politiques doivent faire face à ces conditions changeantes.
Notes on the Caribbean Essay from an Archipelagic Perspective (Kamau Brathwaite, Édouard Glissant and Antonio Benítez Rojo)
Authors: Bonfiglio Florencia
Published: March 2016

L’article vise à analyser la construction d’un discours caribéen dans les essais culturels de la région à partir de la lecture des œuvres de trois auteurs reconnus des trois grandes ères linguistiques de la Caraïbe : Édouard Glissant (1928-2011), Antonio Benítez Rojo (1931-2005) et Kamau Brathwaite (1930-). Selon l’idée d’intégration symbolique manifestée dans ces essais, la littérature de la région se constitue comme une trame complexe de symboles, de figures et des notions partagées et d’un dense réseau de relations intellectuelles qui dépassent les barrières linguistiques et nationales. C’est la production d’un essai « d’une certaine manière » que les auteurs partagent. Une manière « d’archipel » dans laquelle la récurrence des métaphores aquatiques, légat des fondateurs de l’idéologie caribéenne comme Aimé Césaire a permis aux écrivains d’inscrire une marque régionale (décolonisatrice) dans la pensée post-moderne en s’affiliant avec l’élan décolonisateur des années 60, dont l’esprit révolutionnaire était depuis longtemps manifeste.
Of Cane, the Caribbean and João Cabral de Melo Neto
Authors: Dixon Paul B.
Published: March 2016

Dans son essai La isla que se repite , Antonio Benítez Rojo nous présente une vision Pan-Caraïbe s’étendant jusqu’au Brésil. C’est la centralité de la plantation de canne à sucre qui permet cette vue étendue, qui révèle certains traits que partagent toutes les économies latifundistes. Quatre poèmes axés sur la canne à sucre du brésilien João Cabral de Melo Neto représentent des corroborations littéraires (avant la lettre) de la vision de Benítez Rojo. Dans chaque poème, la personne qui travaille dans le champ de canne à sucre se confond avec la canne produite, ce qui met en relief la question de masse (humaine ou de production). Les textes suggèrent que chaque individu n’est que la répétition de l’autre, et qu’on peut l’épuiser, le jeter et le remplacer. Le fleuve Capibaribe dans le nord-est du Brésil nourrit une chaîne de plantations, de même que la mer de la Caraïbe embrasse une chaîne d’îles, dont chacune manifeste une économie semblable. Dans la Caraïbe que Benítez Rojo nous présente, comme celle de Pernambuco, de João Cabral et de Melo Neto, la plantation de canne à sucre se présente comme une île qui se répète.
Beka Lamb y Belice: Eco fractal de un Caribe multilingüe y plural
Authors: Alpízar Damaris Puñales
Published: March 2016

Le roman Beka Lamb , de l’écrivain bélizien Zee Edgell, est une représentation à plus petite échelle des problèmes de la femme, de la diversité linguistique, de l’instabilité coloniale et de la diversité culturelle la Caraïbe dans son ensemble. En devenant elle-même le sujet de son écriture Edgell rompt avec des stéréotypes. De ce fait, elle remet en cause la vision qui confine les femmes caribéennes noires au rôle d’objet en littérature. Le roman s’inscrit en faux sur la construction sociale de genre et propose d’autres alliances marquées principalement par la situation socio-économique des personnages.
A Quantitative Analysis Of The Academic, Athletic, And Social Domain Perceptions Of Division I Football Players
Authors: Traynowicz Laurel , Harrison C. Keith , McPherson-Botts Ginny , Bukstein Scott , Lawrence Suzanne Malia
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess the results of a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I football team in terms of male student-athletes’ (N = 78) perceptions of identity development and the athletic career transition process in the context of student engagement research literature in higher education. Previous research with the Life After Sports Scale (LASS) (Harrison & Lawrence, 2002, 2003, 2004; Lawrence & Harrison, 2011), a 58-item mixed method inventory, has focused on the Division II male and female student-athlete experience. Using validation theory (Rendon, 1994) and student engagement frameworks, we found three major findings that are unique to previous literature in this area: a) there was cultural uniformity (Allport, 1954) between white and non-white student participants; b) student-athletes who are the first in their family to attend college are more likely to perceive faculty members as encouraging them to plan for a career after sports; and c) student-athletes who are the first in their family to attend college are more likely to have more non-athlete friends on campus as compared with student-athletes who are not first-generation college students. Future research directions and best practices are recommended for scholars and practitioners.
Freaks – A New Program for Student Life and Success
Authors: Thatcher W. Gregory
Published: March 2016

Objective: FREAKS (Finding Responsible and Entertaining Activities on KampuS) is a new student involvement program designed and implemented with the intent of reducing health risk behavior of students by increasing their critical thinking ability. Program goals were to improve student quality of life and increase student retention and graduation rates. The purpose of this preliminary program evaluation was to determine if any of the goals were indicating a positive direction after an eight month intervention. Materials and Method: Twenty-two students were administered health-risk behavior (CDC-YRBS) and critical thinking (Watson-Glaser II) questionnaires. Results: Significant reduction in risk-taking behaviors (driving after drinking, 30-day alcohol use, binge drinking, and length of time spent watching television) and significantly improved critical thinking measures (recognizing assumptions and drawing conclusions) were identified. Conclusion: These data suggest preliminary effectiveness of the FREAKS program for reducing key health-risk behaviors associated with decreased academic performance and college dropout rates. Due to methodological limitations, further examination of effect is warranted.
Student Affairs Collaborating With Academic Affairs: Perceptions Of Individual Competency and Institutional Culture
Authors: Cho Ah Ra , Sriram Rishi
Published: March 2016

The desire by campus leaders to continually improve the effectiveness and efficiency of higher education has led to the development of collaborations between student affairs and academic affairs. Scholars sufficiently tout the importance of these programs, providing case examples and practical advice on how to make them successful. Less research exists that empirically examines collaboration on the individual or organizational level. This study contributes to the field of knowledge in student affairs work by measuring collaboration as a competency, measuring institutional culture in relation to collaboration, comparing collaboration competency based upon subspecialty, and identifying predictors of collaborative skills in student affairs professionals.
Understanding Stem Majors’ Intent To Study Abroad
Authors: Niehaus Elizabeth , Inkelas Karen Kurotsuchi
Published: March 2016

According to the Institute for International Education (IIE, 2013a), study abroad participation in the United States had almost doubled over the past decade, but still only a small fraction of U.S. college students study abroad. Students in certain academic majors, particularly those majoring in STEM fields, often face specific barriers to studying abroad (Desoff, 2006; IIE, 2014b, Wainwright et al., 2009). This study sought to unpack the role of college environments in promoting or inhibiting study abroad participation by examining the interplay of academic major, gender, and class standing as predictors of student’s intent to study abroad.
Satisfaction Does not Equal Success: College Alcohol Use and Basic Psychological Needs
Authors: Burt Tracie D. , Yadon Carly A. , Young-Jones Adena D. , Carr Michael T. , Johnston Kristina H.
Published: March 2016

From the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) perspective, this study identified significant relationships between basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and alcohol-related attitudes and behaviors among college students. Also related to basic needs and alcohol use were GPA, university satisfaction, self-efficacy, and perceived academic support. Group differences were explored by gender, first-generation student status, and Greek affiliation. Implications for higher education institutions are discussed.
Georgic Fantasies: James Grainger and the Poetry of Colonial Dislocation
Authors: Silva Cristobal
Published: March 2016

This essay argues that James Grainger encodes a form of colonial dislocation in his 1764 “West-India georgic” poem, The Sugar-Cane . This dislocation is most visible in Grainger’s ongoing struggle to represent slave labor in the poem as well as in his commitment to imagining the centrality of poetic labor to the colonial project. Ultimately, the essay reads The Sugar-Cane ’s many thematic and formal disruptions--which tend to be represented as evidence of poem’s failures--as the traces of Grainger’s own attempt to aestheticize colonial landscapes in the service of British literary and commercial ambition.
Taking Oliphant Seriously: A Country Gentleman and his Family
Authors: Levine George
Published: March 2016

Despite its apparently conventional form, despite its persistent working out of variations on the traditional marriage plot, and despite Margaret Oliphant’s excessive literary productivity, much of her work bends the dominant conventions of Victorian realist domestic fiction. Her self-conscious manipulation of conventional forms, like the Bildungsroman , significantly challenges reigning interpretations of Victorian realism, and points toward more radical formal changes that came with modernism. Focusing on one of her lesser known novels, A Country Gentleman and His Family , this essay examines how Oliphant both uses and modifies the dominant forms, largely by emphasizing the perspective of women inside conventionally male genres, challenging both moral and aesthetic assumptions.
Gertrude Stein, Pétain, and the Politics of Translation
Authors: Galvin Rachel
Published: March 2016

In recent debates about Gertrude Stein’s World War II activity, the assumption that translation is a derivative activity persists; Stein’s translation of the speeches of Vichy chief of state Phillipe Pétain has been called inept and submissive. However, Stein’s text shows the distinct signature of her idiosyncratic poetics and her “own interest,” rendering the translation double-voiced and the author more responsible for her complicity than her critics have it. Stein’s translation project ought to be brought out of the archives and read as a valuable artifact of Modernist reactionism, as it illuminates the complexities of wartime cultural production.
The Metaphysics of Robinson Crusoe
Authors: Schmidgen Wolfram
Published: March 2016

This essay argues that Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is a metaphysical text whose very preoccupation with the world of physical objects and actions unsettles the determinate structures of being to foster an enlarged sense of possibility and transformation. Defoe dares to imitate God’s infinitely various creation in his first novel, and he takes advantage of the sublime as a compositional mode that shakes up the hierarchy of species and causes. The hallmarks of realist representation--the physical, the particular, the individual, the circumstantial--have for too long been misinterpreted as the ends of Defoe’s fiction. In this essay, I argue that they are the means by which Defoe reveals the infinity of variety, the thinness of difference, and the plasticity of being.
Marjaʿiyyah from Below: Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religious Authority
Authors: Fibiger Thomas
Published: March 2016

Studies of the marjaʿiyyah often focus on the religious authorities themselves and more rarely on the followers – muqallid s – of various marjaʿ s. This article presents reflections from an ethnographic study of the meaning and perception of the marjaʿiyyah among Shiʿa lay Muslims in Kuwait. The Shiʿa in Kuwait form an ethnically varied minority, and most enjoy a good position within the Sunni regime in comparison to other Gulf countries. They follow a number of different marjaʿ s, and to many Shiʿa in Kuwait, the advice of the marjaʿ and the question of which marjaʿ to follow are quite important. The article focuses on the methodological issue of lay perspectives of the marjaʿiyyah , suggesting how ethnographic approaches may enrich the study of religious authority. In the article, I primarily follow ʿAlī, a key informant among others in my fieldwork, and I particularly address what must be the point of departure for the institution of the marjaʿiyyah , as seen from the perspective of the muqallid : the uncertainty of religious affairs where the muqallid renders authority to the marjaʿ .
Nedjma de Kateb Yacine: Le dédoublement de “L’Étoile de Sang” de l’Algérie
Authors: Villasenor Leticia
Published: March 2016

Cet essai a pour but d’expliquer l’utilisation de la violence littéraire et figurative dans Nedjma et, plus spécifiquement, les procédés de la représentation de la violence coloniale à travers une violence virile. Nous examinerons la manière dont l’habile démembrement de la séquence chronologique des événements historiques qui se produisent au sein du récit fonctionne en tant que moyen de reconstitution et de récupération de la propriété de l’histoire et de l’identité algériennes. Nous étudierons également la fonction de la protagoniste Nedjma, à travers son double rôle comme vestige de l’occupation coloniale de la France et comme symbole de renaissance d’une nation algérienne indépendante ainsi que dans sa relation avec le cycle de démembrement textuel et historique exprimé par la prose de Kateb. Finalement, à l’aide de l’analyse comparative de Nedjma et de Salammbô (1862), dans la deuxième partie de cet essai, on illustrera la corrélation entre ces deux figures mythiques et éthérées ainsi que leur rôle de catalyseurs indirects d’une violence fondée sur le désir. Ce travail démontrera ainsi de quelle façon Nedjma fonctionne aussi bien comme figure décadente française de la ruine, du délabrement et de l’aliénation du passé que comme symbole du renouveau et de la réaffirmation potentielle de l’identité et de l’appropriation algériennes de la culture et de l’histoire à mesure que la jeune nation lutte pour se libérer de l’oppression littéraire et politique qui trouve ses racines dans la domination coloniale française.
Hétérotopies et non-lieux: Aux limites du sujet caribéen chez Aimé Césaire, Édouard Glissant et Patrick Chamoiseau
Authors: Edwards Carole
Published: March 2016

Dans cet article, je me propose d’étudier l’eau comme élément symbolique en l’examinant d’abord comme non-lieu (Augé) ou hétérotopie (Foucault) d’une part dans la poésie d’Aimé Césaire et d’Édouard Glissant et d’autre part dans le théâtre de Patrick Chamoiseau. Il s’agit d’appréhender l’identité individuelle et collective par ce qu’elles ne sont pas, par l’impalpable dans le mode virtuel de la poésie en explorant les non-lieux, les espaces hors du temps. La poésie matérialise l’eau pour lier espace et temps, paysage et imaginaire, histoire vécue et devenir identitaire dans un contexte de “Tout-monde.” Les hétérotopies telles que l’eau, le bateau ou encore l’île comme prison sont également examinées. Décrypter la démesure du paysage telle qu’elle transparaît dans une poésie singulière ou dans une mythologie au théâtre offre la possibilité de penser et situer l’individu antillais dans son avènement.
Désorientations réciproques entre Orient et Occident?: Fictionnalisations de la médecine chez François Cheng, Dai Sijie, Linda Lê et Anna Moï
Authors: Pröll Julia
Published: March 2016

Le présent article sera consacré à l’analyse des représentations fictionnelles de la médecine chez quelques écrivains migrants d’origine asiatique qui ont choisi le français comme moyen d’expression. Les auteurs en question—il s’agit de François Cheng, Dai Sijie, Linda Lê et Anna Moï—disposent, en raison de leurs origines chinoises ou vietnamiennes et de l’expérience migratoire qu’ils partagent, d’un double regard qui leur permet de considérer à la fois les médecines dites “traditionnelles” et la médecine occidentale et de les confronter de façon plus ou moins subversive. Nous verrons s’ils réussissent, grâce à leur diplopie, à procéder à une ré-voire à une dés-orientation des discours dominants, qui, fréquemment, ont tendance à opposer la médecine occidentale d’un côté et les médecines douces et “alternatives” de l’autre, ou s’ils contribuent, succombant ainsi à une tentation auto-orientaliste, à la construction de deux traditions médicales distinctes, amnésiques de leurs histoires partagées.
Incendies : Évoquer pour susciter l’imaginaire et montrer plutôt que dire
Authors: Pelletier Esther , Roy Irène
Published: March 2016

En 2010, Denis Villeneuve réalisait Incendies , l’adaptation de l’œuvre Incendies Le Sang des promesses du dramaturge Wajdi Mouawad, et mise en scène en 2003 en France et au Québec. Dans un premier temps, après avoir situé l’œuvre de ce dernier au sein de la dramaturgie québécoise et du théâtre migrant, les procédés utilisés par Mouawad au théâtre sont ici analysés dont la spatio-temporalité et l’écriture scénique. Dans un second temps, la démarche d’adaptation cinématographique de Villeneuve est mise au jour notamment pour ce qui a trait à l’univers réaliste, à l’impression de réalité, aux thèmes véhiculés par les deux œuvres, à l’économie du récit cinématographique et, enfin, aux matériaux expressifs. Ainsi, la version d’ Incendies du dramaturge relève davantage de l’évocation qui suscite l’imaginaire, tandis que celle du réalisateur parvient à montrer plutôt qu’à dire.
Vers une approche sociopolitique des origines du concept du Tout-monde chez Édouard Glissant: Du Front Antillo-Guyanais à Monsieur Toussaint Axel Arthéron
Authors: Arthéron Axel
Published: March 2016

Cet article dresse en miroir le parcours biographique d’Édouard Glissant et le concept du Toutmonde qui apparaît dans l’œuvre à partir de la fin des années 1990. Il s’agit de montrer que la constitution du concept de “Tout-monde” plonge ses racines au cœur des nouveaux mouvements ordonnant la marche de l’histoire à partir de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Les événements qui animèrent la Caraïbe dans les années 1950 conditionnèrent de toute évidence un type de discours idéologique et politique qui apparaît clairement tout au long de l’œuvre de Glissant, particulièrement dans sa seule pièce publiée, Monsieur Toussaint . Au travers des catégories politiques, du fédéralisme et de la conscience panaméricaine se lisent déjà les idées d’une pensée archipélique et de la relation; pensées qui constitueront les idées forces de l’édifice conceptuel d’Édouard Glissant à partir de la parution du roman Tout-monde en 1993.
Placing ‘the South’ in the Geopolitical Thought of Malcolm X
Authors: Tyner James A.
Published: March 2016

Este trabajo amplía nuestro entendimiento de Malcolm X tanto como un teórico crítico de la geografía y un filósofo político radical. A través de un examen de discursos de Malcolm X, bosquejo su comprensión geográfica particular de los derechos civiles y humanos, así como información de cómo lugar ocupó un lugar destacado en su articulación de la opresión racial. Más concretamente, este trabajo destaca la configuración del Sur en la filosofía geopolítica de Malcolm X. De este modo, este trabajo contribuye a los esfuerzos en curso para comprender críticamente la función política de la producción del paisaje regional.
Gentrification in the Revanchist Suburb: The Politics of Removal in Roswell, Georgia
Authors: Markley Scott , Sharma Madhuri
Published: March 2016

Desde la crisis inmobiliaria de 2007–2009, los gobiernos de toda la suburbana metropolitana de Atlanta se han asociado cada vez más con los desarrolladores de bienes raíces en los intentos de revitalizar espacios suburbanos desinvertido. Muchos de estos desarrollos se dirigen a las comunidades no blancas de clase trabajadora ubicados dentro de los municipios predominado por los propietarios blancos ricos, desplazando a algunos de los residentes más política y social-mente marginadas de la zona. Examinamos los procesos políticos que rodean uno de esos proyectos en Roswell, Georgia, sostenemos que a raíz de la gran recesión, es probable que los suburbios históricamente blancos, ricos y reaccionarios que se enfrentan a cambios de paisajes socioeconómicos y raciales/étnicos emplearán una política revanchistas para “recuperar” espacios suburbanos primos. Por otra parte, nos argumentamos que (sub) emprendedurismo urbano y Nuevo Urbanismo se complementan y son totalmente compatibles con revanchista (sub) urbanismo. En lugar de una inversión progresiva del desarrollo suburbano convencional, nuestro análisis expone este caso del Nuevo Urbanismo como la manifestación más reciente de un largo trayecto político reaccionario característica de esta región.
Nineteenth Century Legacy Mill Pond Sediment in the Southern Blue Ridge
Authors: Kennedy Linda
Published: March 2016

Trabajo en campo y la investigación de archivos demuestran que aunque no documentado con precisión en los registros históricos los pequeños molinos alimentado con el agua puede haber sido común en todo el sur de Blue Ridge durante el siglo XIX. Las investigaciones en la cuenca Bent Creek de Carolina del Norte indican que, al igual que en otras regiones fisiográficas, el embalse de las corrientes de orden inferior resultó en la captura de una parte del sedimento erosionado por fuertes pendientes donde colonos despejaron la tierra para la agricultura y la explotación forestal. Sedimentos removilizados como consecuencia de la posterior incumplimiento de represa y canal de incisión puede haber añadido entre 2–5 t km −2 y −1 de valores de rendimiento de sedimentos de Bent Creek a principios del siglo XX. Aproximadamente la mitad de los sedimentos del estanque del siglo XIX permanece almacenado como cuasi-estable terrazas los cuales fueron accidentes geográficos dentro de las tierras bajas de la cuenca de Bent Creek, pero existe el potencial que este sedimento a la transición para sedimento de origen si las condiciones fluviales cambian en el futuro.
Tennessee Tornado Climate: A Comparison of Three Cities
Authors: Brown Vincent M. , Ellis Kelsey N. , Bleakney Sarah A.
Published: March 2016

Las Características de frecuencia Tornado y la vulnerabilidad humana se evalúan radio de 100 km de las tres principales ciudades de Tennessee (Nashville, Memphis y Knoxville) entre 1950 y 2013. Centrándose en las ciudades y sus alrededores proporciona información sobre las características de tornado en diferentes partes longitudinales del estado y al mismo tiempo disminuyendo el sesgo debido a los tornados declaradas de menos en las zonas rurales. Nashville reportó el mayor número de tornados entre 1950 y 2013 (426), seguido de Memphis (390), y Knoxville (176). Los tornados de Knoxville y Nashville ocurrieron en menos días, mientras que los tornados de Memphis fueron repartidos en más días de tornado. La primavera fue la temporada más activa de tornados, pero Memphis todavía experimentó aproximadamente el 25 por ciento de los tornados en el invierno, una estación propensa a tornados nocturnos. Memphis también promedio la mayoría de las muertes relacionadas con tornados (cuatro por año). Futuro trabajo debe investigar si los factores sociales son la causa principal del aumento de la vulnerabilidad en Memphis, o si el mayor número de días de tornado, especial-mente durante el invierno, desempeña un papel en el aumento de las muertes visto allí. La aparición de más tornados por un menor número de días y el aumento de la actividad de invierno puede afectar a la preparación y la respuesta humana.
The “Reason” of Radical Evil: Shakespeare, Milton, and the Ethical Philosophers
Authors: Martin Catherine Gimelli
Published: March 2016

The Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation considerably deepened the moral and philosophical understanding of the concept of evil. Building on the early Christian Fathers and especially on Augustine’s seminal analyses of the causes and effects of the human fall, post-Reformation thinkers at once adopted and modified his refutation of Manichean evil with ideas imported from John Calvin, Jacobus Arminius, and later, from “natural” or rational religion. Given the current resistance to standard theological explanations of evil, this article centers on the rational approaches associated first with Richard Hooker and then with his most radical disciple, Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. Tracing the development of rational ideas of evil, the article examines these ideas’ exploration in literature by William Shakespeare and John Milton in the characters of Macbeth and Satan.
Middle English Ferumbras Romances and the Reign of Richard II
Authors: Stevenson Barbara
Published: March 2016

The Charlemagne romance Fierabras , which originated in twelfth-century France, was pervasive during the Middle Ages, in Britain as elsewhere, and although ostensibly Charlemagne romances would have been less popular in England than Arthurian ones, nonetheless the Fierabras was translated into English prior to well-known Arthurian narratives like the Lancelot-Grail cycle. Translations of Fierabras into Middle English began to appear in the late fourteenth century, with the Middle English Sir Ferumbras (Bodleian’s Ashmole MS 33) in particular speaking to interests of Ricardian England and its monarch. This article examines the role and importance of Richard, Duke of Normandy in the English Fierabras texts and the character’s connections to King Richard II and his court.
The Contemplative Cosmos: John Lyly’s Endymion and the Shape of Early Modern Space
Authors: Bozio Andrew
Published: March 2016

Written at a time when the nature of place was reimagined, John Lyly’s Endymion draws upon Neoplatonic theories of desire to present space as a domain continually reshaped by contemplative thought. In his commentary on Plato’s Symposium , Marsilio Ficino argues that desire can traverse the cosmos in an ecstatic flight toward the Beautiful and the Good, bringing the contemplative soul closer to its object of devotion. Lyly’s play represents this negotiation of earthly and heavenly beauty in Endymion’s simultaneous attraction to Tellus and Cynthia, an attraction that locates Endymion somewhere between the earth and the moon. Lyly, in turn, maps the structure of contemplative desire—namely, its uneven distribution across lover and beloved—onto the early modern court, transforming political space into a sphere shaped by devotion. Together, Ficino and Lyly reveal the way that contemplative thought extends itself across bodies and spaces in early modern culture.
A TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP APPROACH TO IMPROVE REGIONAL INNOVATION ECOSYSTEMS IN PORTUGAL
Authors: Resende David Nunes , Bravo Marco
Published: March 2016

The objective of this article is to present a successful program that built a National Innovation Network based in the University Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs), incubators and science parks.The University Technology Enterprise Network (UTEN), which was launched in March 2007, includes 15 Portuguese Universities and select international partners in a 5-Year program funded by the Portuguese government. The main objective has been to accelerate the development of a sustainable, globally competitive, professional technology transfer and commercialization network within Portugal to increase Portugal’s international competitiveness in university–based science, and technology transfer and commercialization. We argue that all initiatives taken place in the project have gotten UTEN network presently run in the Open Innovation paradigm fostered mostly by the TTOs and their own networks and officers. Science and technology based entrepreneurship was increasingly seen as a key element of Portugal’s ability to grow and prosper (UTEN, 2012). Research universities had worked to foster a range of technology transfer and commercialization activities and offices, together with industrial liaison programs, mostly devoted to fostering entrepreneurial environments, launching technology based start-ups, and bringing ideas from the laboratory to the market. UTEN was created to synergize this growth and stimulate new competencies in international technology transfer and commercialization to facilitate industry access to leading markets worldwide. In other words, UTEN is the living example of an Innovation network - an Open Innovation Network launched to contribute to build the necessary relationships between all actors, giving them the necessary knowledge to play their roles. This working paper shows the actions taken to construct UTEN and improve the Portuguese Innovation Ecosystem. These actions follows the patterns observed in other studies – essentially those ones from Resende et al, 2013; McAdam et al., 2012; Philpott et al., 2011; Todorovic et al., 2011; Rogers, 2002; Rogers et al., 2001; Rogers et al., 2000 and Gibson and Rogers, 1994.We have collected data that shows the success of the program based on the results of the first five years of the project.
PROPOSALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OVER THE WOODEN PANELS PRODUCTIVE PROCESS UNDER A BRAZILIAN CONDITION, FOCUSING ON THE IMPACTS FOR THE HUMAN TOXICITY CATEGORY
Authors: Salvador Rodrigo , De Oliveira Lucas Xavier , De Francisco Antonio Carlos , Piekarski Cassiano Moro
Published: March 2016

The Brazilian wooden panel industry has been growing over the last decades, what increases the concerns with its productive characteristics and the consequences of the practices adopted. The objective of this study is to present a discussion regarding the importance of the assessment on the environmental profile of wooden panels produced in Brazil, prioritizing the panels with bigger prominence in the segment, due to their potential damage to the human health resulting from their production processes and use. This paper focuses on the human toxicity category because this is one impact category on which the panels characteristics contribute to since the conception of raw materials even after its expedition and posterior use.  In light of that, a set of potential improvements are proposed in order to reduce the environmental loads of the processes here approached, considering the hotspots identified in studies under the Brazilian conditions. For the human toxicity category, the hotspots were: consume of the binding agent, consume of electrical energy, consume of wood chips and transportation.
PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING METHOD USE IN THE CIVIL CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Martins Vitor William Batista , Neves Renato Martins das , Bastos Leonardo Dos Santos Lourenço , Melo André Cristiano Silva , Nunes Denilson Ricardo de Lucena
Published: March 2016

The changes in the civil construction context, and consequently the production management of constructions, require a different profile engineer, which demands more refined skills from those professionals, such as innovation, focus on customer, production planning and control, quality management systems knowledge, sustainability and a humanist vision. The main objective of this paper is to show the efficiency of using the Problem Based Learning methodology adapted to the organizational context. The research strategy adopted was the Research-Action, in which   the research team aimed the improvement of the way professionals understand and solve problems. The results involved the development of abilities related to the organizational context, as well as the individual, collective and organizational learning skills, highlighting problems and possible solutions for the company. Through increasing these skills, it was possible to stimulate a humanistic and sustainable vision, customer-focused, and a better quality management system. In addition, problems in this system were presented, which stated the necessity of creating an environment which enables the exchange of information among its sectors.
High Prevalence of Hypovitaminosis D in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Raška Ivan , Rašková Mária , Zikán Vít , Škrha Jan
Published: March 2016

The link between vitamin D and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is intensively studied. This study aims to define the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) and to investigate the relationship between 25-OH D status, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body composition in postmenopausal women with T2DM and in non-diabetic controls. In this cross-sectional study, 75 women with T2DM and 32 control subjects were selected. Serum 25-OH D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, fasting glucose and HbA1c, were measured. The mean 25-OH D level was 21.4 ± 11.4 ng/ml (range 4.1–50.7 ng/ml) in diabetic women and 30.3 ± 9.4 ng/ml (range 10.8–54.2 ng/ml) in control group (p<0.001). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (< 30 ng/ml) was higher in vitamin D3 non-supplemented T2DM women (89% vs. 63% controls); the difference diminished in vitamin D3 (500–1000 IU per day) supplemented subgroups (45% diabetics vs. 42% controls). In T2DM women, 25-OH D levels were not associated to HbA1c, duration of diabetes, fasting glucose and PTH levels, however, 25-OH D levels negatively associated with body mass index (p=0.011), total body fat mass (p=0.005) and total body lean mass (p=0.004). The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is higher in non-supplemented postmenopausal women with T2DM than in non-diabetic controls (89% vs. 63%). Obesity is a risk factor for vitamin D insufficiency in T2DM postmenopausal women. Further studies evaluating relationships between fat, muscle, bone and vitamin D metabolism in T2DM patients are warranted.
Juxtarenal Mycotic Aneurysm as a Complication of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Cholecystitis Treated by Resection and Replacement by a Fresh Allograft
Authors: Grus Tomáš , Lambert Lukáš , Rohn Vilém , Klika Tomáš , Grusová Gabriela , Michálek Pavel
Published: March 2016

We present a case of a female patient with infectious (mycotic) juxtarenal abdominal aneurysm with atypical symptoms beginning as acute exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis. Apart from common antibiotic treatment, the patient successfully underwent resection of the diseased segment and replacement by a fresh allograft in order to reduce the risk of infection of the graft, but with the need of subsequent life-long immunosuppressive therapy. Perioperative monitoring of the spinal cord by near infrared spectroscopy was used to identify possible spinal ischemia. The choice of the fresh allograft was based on our experience supported by review of the literature.
Snakebite Envenoming by Sochurek’s Saw-scaled Viper Echis Carinatus Sochureki
Authors: Valenta Jiří , Stach Zdeněk , Michálek Pavel
Published: March 2016

A snake breeder, 47-years-old man, was bitten by the saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus sochureki). After admission to Toxinology Centre, within 1.5 h, laboratory evaluation showed clotting times prolonged to non-measurable values, afibrinogenaemia, significantly elevated D-dimers, haemolysis and myoglobin elevation. Currently unavailable antivenom was urgently imported and administered within 10 hours. In 24 hours, oligoanuric acute kidney injury (AKI) and mild acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developed. Despite administration of 10 vials of urgently imported Polyvalent Snake Antivenom Saudi Arabia, the venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) and AKI persisted. Another ten vials of antivenom were imported from abroad. VICC slowly subsided during the antivenom treatment and disappeared after administration of total 20 vials during 5 day period. No signs of haemorrhage were present during treatment. After resolving VICC, patient was transferred to Department of Nephrology for persisting AKI and requirement for haemodialysis. AKI completely resolved after 20 days. Despite rather timed administration of appropriate antivenom, VICC and AKI developed and the quantity of 20 vials was needed to cease acute symptoms of systemic envenoming. The course illustrates low immunogenicity of the venom haemocoagulation components and thus higher requirements of the antivenom in similar cases.
Comparative study between vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy in non-descent cases
Authors: Chavvan Rohidas P. , Arora Garima , Pajai Sandhya
Published: March 2016

Background: Hysterectomy is the major gynaecological surgery performed by gynaecologist all over the world. Various approaches have been tried by gynaecologist all over the world including abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic, notes and robotic hysterectomy. Vaginal approach greatly reduces complications, decreases hospital stay, lowers hospital charges, post-operative discomfort and cosmetically better compared to abdominal and laparoscopic approaches. Vaginal hysterectomy in large sized uterus can be facilitated by bisection, myomectomy, debulking, coring and clamp less approach. The aim and objective of the study was to compare outcome of NDVH with outcome of TAH in terms of post-operative morbidity and duration of hospital stay.

Methods:A total of 100 cases were selected with enlarged uterus of which 50 underwent NDVH and rest 50 underwent TAH. All patients were evaluated for operative time, intra-operative and post-operative complications and duration of hospital stay. Data were recorded and processed and standard statistical software were used.

Results: Patients undergoing NDVH had an average operating time of 48.68 mins whereas for those undergoing TAH was 92.52 mins (‘p’- value <0.001). Intra-operative complications were noted in 2% of patients undergoing NDVH whereas in 20% of patients undergoing TAH (‘p’- value 0.016). Post-operative complications were noted in 34% of patients undergoing NDVH v/s 70% in TAH (‘p’- value <0.001). Patients undergoing NDVH had a mean hospital stay of 5.96 days whereas 9.10 days in those undergoing TAH (‘p’- value <0.001).

Conclusions:NDVH is associated with decreased operative time, post-operative morbidity, early ambulation and early discharge from hospital compared to TAH.
An intriguing case of Gardner Diamond Syndrome with conversion disorder
Authors: M. Aref Shadab Shireen , Desai Nina , Pardasani Vibhor , Gupta Mahendra K. , Thakkar Shraddha
Published: March 2016

Diamond-Gardner Syndrome or autoerythocyte sensitization is a rare syndrome characterized by spontaneous development of painful edematous skin lesions progressing to ecchymoses over the next 24 hours. Severe stress and emotional trauma always precede the skin lesion. We present here a case of 15 years old girl who presented with multiple ecchymotic patches over the body with conversion disorder. Baseline biochemical, hematological and immunological investigations were normal. Skin biopsy showed no evidence of vasculitis. All routine coagulation investigations were normal. Therefore the diagnosis of Gardner-Diamond Syndrome was made on purely clinical grounds. It was therefore a diagnosis of exclusion. A high index of suspicion and Psychiatric evaluation were necessary to make the diagnosis.