bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vascular flora of Punta Arenas city: comparative analysis of composition, life forms, and biogeographic origins
Authors: Castro Sergio A. , Rojas Gloria , Jaksic Fabián M.
Published: June 2024

The composition of the vascular flora in Punta Arenas city, found in the city’s public spaces, was studied. The species were identified and recorded in a database, which was supplemented with information on taxonomic classification, growth habit, Raunkiaer’s life form, origin status (native or exotic), and original continent-level distribution. These data were compared with studies conducted in five other cities in central Chile, together with an analysis of compositional similarity with these cities, by using the additive complement of Simpson’s index (1– βsim). In Punta Arenas, 119 species were identified, showing a higher proportion of Gymnosperms compared to central Chilean cities. The most represented families were Asteraceae (16 species), Fabaceae (14), Rosaceae (14), Poaceae (12), and Pinaceae (10), which together accounted for 55% of the floristic richness. The compositional similarity between Punta Arenas and the other central Chilean cities ranged from 0.187 to 0.315, showing lower similarity than expected by chance (Montecarlo randomization test; P < 0.05). The primary origin distribution of Punta Arenas’ vascular flora was European, unlike central Chilean cities where it was Asian. Finally, the proportion of exotic species (91.6%) and the number of exotic species per native species (16 exotics/native) were the highest documented for cities in Chile and higher than in other 114 cities worldwide. These results indicate that Punta Arenas’ urban flora differs from the flora in central Chilean cities, not only in taxonomic composition but also in growth habit, biogeographical origin, and high level of exoticism. These differences are likely due to the city’s territorial isolation and extreme southern location (53°S), leading to a unique urban flora configuration.
Sexual dimorphism in the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus transcriptome
Authors: Sugiura Kenta , Yoshida Yuki , Hayashi Kohei , Arakawa Kazuharu , Kunieda Takekazu , Matsumoto Midori
Published: June 2024

Background

In gonochoristic animals, the sex determination pathway induces different morphological and behavioral features that can be observed between sexes, a condition known as sexual dimorphism. While many components of this sex differentiation cascade show high levels of diversity, factors such as the Doublesex-Mab-3-Related Transcription factor (DMRT) are widely conserved across animal taxa. Species of the phylum Tardigrada exhibit remarkable diversity in morphology and behavior between sexes, suggesting a pathway regulating this dimorphism. Despite the wealth of genomic and zoological knowledge accumulated in recent studies, the sexual differences in tardigrades genomes have not been identified. In the present study, we focused on the gonochoristic species Paramacrobiotus metropolitanus and employed omics analyses to unravel the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism.

Results

Transcriptome analysis between sex-identified specimens revealed numerous differentially expressed genes, of which approximately 2,000 male-biased genes were focused on 29 non-male-specific genomic loci. From these regions, we identified two Macrobiotidae family specific DMRT paralogs, which were significantly upregulated in males and lacked sex specific splicing variants. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicated all tardigrade genomes lack the doublesex ortholog, suggesting doublesex emerged after the divergence of Tardigrada. In contrast to sex-specific expression, no evidence of genomic differences between the sexes was found. We also identified several anhydrobiosis genes that exhibit sex-biased expression, suggesting a possible mechanism for protection of sex-specific tissues against extreme stress.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive analysis for analyzing the genetic differences between sexes in tardigrades. The existence of male-biased, but not male-specific, genomic loci and identification of the family specific male-biased DMRT subfamily provides the foundation for understanding the sex determination cascade. In addition, sex-biased expression of several tardigrade-specific genes which are involved their stress tolerance suggests a potential role in protecting sex-specific tissue and gametes.
An empirical analysis of EFL teachers’ digital literacy in Chinese higher education institutions
Authors: Feng Lei , Sumettikoon Piyapong
Published: June 2024

In 2022, China’s Educational Ministry, for the first time, released an industry standard for teachers’ digital literacy. This standard provides a holistic framework for teachers’ digital literacy (TDL) in five dimensions. Since few studies have investigated EFL teachers’ digital literacy, the relationships among the five dimensions proposed for EFL teachers’ digital literacy remain unknown. Therefore, this research applied a quantitative method using a five-point Likert questionnaire designed based on TDL. Ninety-two EFL teachers from two universities and one higher vocational college in China participated in this questionnaire research. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to assess the relationships between these five dimensions. The relationships between the five TDL dimensions were highlighted by the findings, which supported the proposed model. In addition, implications for enhancing EFL teachers’ future digital literacy have been provided to facilitate and favor EFL teachers’ digital literacy development.
Disease-modifying therapies as positive predictors of quality of life for Sudanese patients with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Omar Eman Saleh , Suliman Hayat M. , Osman Bashier , Abdalla Safa A. , Abdoon Iman Hassan
Published: June 2024

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disease with devastating, disabling, and negative impacts on the patients’ quality of life (QoL). Although MS was not known in Sudan, it seems to be rising in recent years. This is a cross-sectional, hospital-based study aimed at assessing the impact of MS medications on patients’ QoL in neurology clinics in Khartoum City. Sixty-four patients diagnosed with MS were recruited. SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess the patients’ QoL. Data were collected from patients’ records in addition to the hand-delivered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test and logistic regression; p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The majority of patients were females from north Sudan (92.2%). The mean age was 28.2 ± 6.5. Relapsing–remitting was the most diagnosed MS type (65.6%). Fatigue and urinary incontinence were the most observed symptoms. All patients had vitamin D deficiency (5–20 ng/ml). Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) were prescribed to 37.5% of patients.

The overall mean QoL was 53.9 ± 14.7 with fair physical and mental health (51.8 ± 19.2 and 57.0 ± 10.9, respectively). Patients on DMTs showed a significantly good QoL compared to azathioprine (p ≤ 0.01), corticosteroids (p ≤ 0.01.), and no medications (p ≤ 001). Azathioprine (OR = 0.12; p ≤ 0.05), corticosteroids (OR = 0.14; p ≤ 0.05) and no treatment (OR = 0.01; p ≤ 0.001) negatively affected MS patients’ QoL when compared to DMTs. Vitamin D supplementation was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) associated with good QoL.

Conclusions

MS was prominent in young females’ descendants of Sudanese northern tribes. DMTs improve the devastating effect of MS on patients’ QoL, and vitamin D supplementation was significantly associated with good QoL of MS patients.
Non-linear plasma protein binding of cannabidiol
Authors: Babayeva Mariana , Srdanovic Iva
Published: June 2024

Background

Cannabidiol is highly bound to plasma proteins. Changes in its protein binding can lead to altered unbound plasma concentrations and result in alteration of pharmacological activity of cannabidiol-containing medications. This research has assessed non-linearity of cannabidiol plasma protein binding and the potential effect of tizoxanide on the binding.

Method

Cannabidiol protein binding was evaluated by ultrafiltration technique. Human plasma was spiked with cannabidiol stock solution to produce samples of various concentrations. For interaction study potential interactant tizoxanide was added in each sample. All samples were processed through Amicon Micropartition system and analyzed by HPLC.

Results

The study has detected cannabidiol binding to borosilicate glass (9%) and polyethylene plastics (15%). In the interaction study the mean protein unbound fraction of cannabidiol was 0.05 (5%), indicating no binding interaction between cannabidiol and tizoxanide since cannabidiol unbound fraction without tizoxanide was also 5%. The cannabidiol fraction unbound was more than 2-fold greater at high concentrations compared to low concentrations.

Conclusion

a). At high concentrations cannabidiol plasma protein binding is non-linear. The non-linearity can affect elimination and medicinal effect of cannabidiol drugs. b). Borosilicate and polyethylene containers should be avoided in formulation, packing and administration of cannabidiol-containing medicines to guarantee correct doses. c). Cannabidiol medications can be co-administered with tizoxanide without caution.
Influence of social capital, market orientation, and technological readiness on researchers’ interactions with companies
Authors: Rossoni André Luis , de Vasconcellos Eduardo Pinheiro Gondim , Sbragia Roberto
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the influence of social capital, market orientation, and technological readiness levels (TRLs) on the intensity of collaboration between researchers from a public research institution in Brazil and companies, and how TRLs moderate this relationship. Using a quantitative approach, we applied structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze responses from researchers at this institution. The analysis highlights the critical roles of social capital and market orientation in fostering effective R&D interactions. Social capital enhances collaboration through trust and network strength, while market orientation aligns R&D efforts with market needs, ensuring that innovations are both relevant and timely. Importantly, this study explores how technological readiness levels (TRLs) moderate these relationships, offering insights into the varying impact of social capital and market orientation across different stages of technological development. Findings reveal that participation in projects with TRLs 4 to 6, known as the Valley of Death, significantly moderates the impact of market orientation on researchers' interaction intensity with companies, underscoring the importance of considering technological maturity in R&D collaborations. The study is framed within the open innovation approach, emphasizing the importance of leveraging external knowledge and collaborative networks to enhance innovation outcomes. Theoretically, this research extends the existing models of R&D collaboration by illustrating how TRLs modify the effects of social capital and market orientation. Practically, it offers actionable insights for R&D managers and policymakers on structuring environments that foster robust academic–industry partnerships, facilitating the successful transition of innovations from conceptualization to market readiness.
Role of exhaled carbon monoxide in assessment of chronic obstructive airway disease severity
Authors: Gawad Menna Helmy Mohamed Abdel , Morsi Mohamed Galal , Fayiad Hussien
Published: June 2024

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a critical public health issue. Spirometric measurements are used to diagnose chronic obstructive lung disease, as per the guidelines of the GOLD initiative. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) is a predictor of mortality from COPD and helps to classify the disease’s severity. Smoking contributes to the high levels of exhaled CO. Evidence suggests that the exhaled CO level in COPD patients varies with degree of blockage and can be used to assess treatment response. Estimating the exhaled CO level can help assess airway inflammation and severity of airflow obstruction in individuals with COPD.

Aim

Evaluate role of exhaled CO in assessment of severity of COPD.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study included 132 patients who visited the outpatient clinics or were admitted to the Chest Department, Kasr Alainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. The study participants were divided into three groups: group 1 nonsmoker healthy control, group 2 smoker non-COPD, and group 3 smoker COPD which further divided according to GOLD 2023 into mild, moderate, and severe COPD. The smoking status, exhaled CO, and spirometry test including FEV1/FVC and FEV1 were measured for each patient.

Results

Exhaled CO was significantly increased in the smoker group (mean 9.69, SD 3.11) compared to the nonsmoker group (mean 2.19, SD 0.98) with p-value < 0.001. Exhaled CO was also statistically significantly higher in the smoker COPD group (mean 10.45, SD 3.03) compared to the smoker non-COPD group (mean 7.05, SD 1.56) with p-value < 0.001. Although exhaled CO was increased in the severe COPD group compared to the mild and moderate group, there is no statistically significant difference between them.

Conclusion

Exhaled CO is a fast, sensitive, noninvasive, and well-established method test that can be used to identify smokers from nonsmokers with 98.9% sensitivity at 4.5 cutoff value. Also, exhaled CO levels in COPD patients vary with different degrees of airway obstruction.
Case Report: Copper sulphate related hemophagocytosis with lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Ramachandra Koushik , Reddy Narayana Amruth , Srinivas Samyuktha , H B Sridevi
Published: June 2024

Abstract* The accidental, suicidal, and homicidal toxicities of copper sulfate have been extensively documented. The later stages of the disease demonstrate signs of systemic toxicity, characterized by intravascular hemolysis, oliguric renal failure, convulsions, and circulatory collapse. Despite the extensive description of life-threatening intravascular hemolysis, Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) related to copper sulfate poisoning has not been described. A 45-year-old male presented with accidental consumption of copper sulfate. Laboratory evaluation revealed leukocytosis, intravascular hemolysis, acute liver injury, acute kidney injury, severe metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia. The patient was shifted to the Intensive Care Unit and hemodialysis was initiated. On the 9th day, he developed high-grade fever with chills. With the suspicion of a central line-associated bloodstream infection, empirical antibiotic therapy was initiated, and the lines were revised. On the 19th day, the high-grade fever recurred. Investigations revealed trilineage cytopenias. With a high degree of suspicion for HLH, further investigations revealed increased ferritin levels. Bone marrow aspiration cytology showed evidence of reactive marrow with haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The patient was initiated on corticosteroid therapy, after which symptomatic and laboratory recovery was noted. Although copper sulfate poisoning is potentially fatal in large quantities, few studies have examined the possible immune-mediated abnormalities in individuals. Owing to the direct membranolytic effect of copper sulfate, it is not unreasonable to have immune-mediated organ damage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis attributed to copper sulfate intoxication. The present case demonstrates that the diagnosis of HLH must be considered when treating a case of copper sulfate poisoning; however, the exclusion of the most common complications must be first established.
(Semi)automated approaches to data extraction for systematic reviews and meta-analyses in social sciences: A living review
Authors: Legate Amanda , Nimon Kim , Noblin Ashlee
Published: June 2024

Background An abundance of rapidly accumulating scientific evidence presents novel opportunities for researchers and practitioners alike, yet such advantages are often overshadowed by resource demands associated with finding and aggregating a continually expanding body of scientific information. Data extraction activities associated with evidence synthesis have been described as time-consuming to the point of critically limiting the usefulness of research. Across social science disciplines, the use of automation technologies for timely and accurate knowledge synthesis can enhance research translation value, better inform key policy development, and expand the current understanding of human interactions, organizations, and systems. Ongoing developments surrounding automation are highly concentrated in research for evidence-based medicine with limited evidence surrounding tools and techniques applied outside of the clinical research community. The goal of the present study is to extend the automation knowledge base by synthesizing current trends in the application of extraction technologies of key data elements of interest for social scientists. Methods We report the baseline results of a living systematic review of automated data extraction techniques supporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses in the social sciences. This review follows PRISMA standards for reporting systematic reviews. Results The baseline review of social science research yielded 23 relevant studies. Conclusions When considering the process of automating systematic review and meta-analysis information extraction, social science research falls short as compared to clinical research that focuses on automatic processing of information related to the PICO framework. With a few exceptions, most tools were either in the infancy stage and not accessible to applied researchers, were domain specific, or required substantial manual coding of articles before automation could occur. Additionally, few solutions considered extraction of data from tables which is where key data elements reside that social and behavioral scientists analyze.
Plasmodium falciparum dhps and dhfr markers of resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine five years (2016–2020) after the implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Cameroon
Authors: Tchuenkam Pacome V. K. , Ngum Lesley N. , Ali Innocent M. , Chedjou Jean Paul K. , Nji Akindeh M. , Netongo Palmer M. , Ngwafor Randolph , Niba Peter Thelma N. , Tah Calvino F. , Nana William D. , Ekoyol Germaine , Bigoga Jude D. , Ashu Dorothy F. , Tume Christopher B. , Mbacham Wilfried F.
Published: June 2024

Background Antimalarial drug resistance is a major challenge in the fight against malaria. Cameroon implemented seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine and amodiaquine (SPAQ) to over 1.5 million children aged 3–59 months from 2016, raising concerns whether drug pressure may lead to a selection of known parasite resistance mutations. This study aimed at assessing the profiles of plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene mutations that encode enzyme targeting SP before and 5 years after the introduction of SMC in the northern part of Cameroon. Methods Dried blood spots were prepared from symptomatic P. falciparum-positive children prior to SPAQ administration in 2016 and after the SMC round of 2020. DNA was extracted using the Chelex-100 method, and dhfr and dhps mutations were determined after a nested polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique and agarose gel electrophoresis. Results 405 children with acute uncomplicated malaria were recruited. Of 405 samples, 201/405 (49.63%) were collected in 2016 and 204/405 (50.37%) were collected in 2020. High levels of mutant alleles S108N, C59R, N51I of dhfr were obtained both in 2016 and 2020 (174 (100%), 166 (95.4%), 131 (75.3%)); (140 (99.4%), 131 (92.2%), 114 (80.3%)) while the frequency of dhps mutant alleles in the A437G and K540E loci stood at 93 (51.9%) and 6 (3.4%) in 2016 and 73 (52.5%) and 4 (2.8%) in 2020, respectively. The quintuple resistant haplotype IRNGE was found in two (1.1%) and one (0.7%) in 2016 and 2020, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the frequency of the studied mutations between the two time points, although we noted a rise in the resistance conferring haplotype IRNG in 2020. Conclusions Continuous monitoring is recommended to preempt the widespread occurrence of high-grade resistance bearing parasites in the northern regions of Cameroon.
Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy – Genetic Causes, Clinical Presentation and Treatment Perspectives
Authors: Emerla Sara , Małek Natalia , Karłowicz Konrad , Brożyna Aleksandra , Kwiatkowska Anita , Bydliński Arkadiusz , Hermanowska Maria , Lubomirska Julia , Figurowska Patrycja , Ciulkiewicz Łukasz
Published: June 2024

Introduction and Purpose:
Spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), also known as Kennedy's disease, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of SBMA, including its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic approaches. By examining the latest research findings, we aim to highlight the challenges inherent in managing SBMA.
Material and method:
For this review, we performed searches across multiple databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, Medline, and Google Scholar.
Description of the State of Knowledge:
SBMA arises from mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene, leading to the accumulation of toxic proteins and subsequent neurodegeneration. Clinical manifestations primarily involve muscle weakness, tremors, and difficulties with speech and swallowing, with symptoms typically appearing in mid-life. While no treatment currently modifies disease progression, symptomatic management and supportive care play crucial roles in enhancing quality of life for affected individuals. Recent research has focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms of SBMA and developing targeted therapies to address them. However, challenges remain in translating these findings into effective treatments.
Conclusions:
SBMA represents a complex and challenging neurodegenerative disorder with significant implications for affected individuals and their families. While our understanding of SBMA has advanced in recent years, much remains to be elucidated regarding its pathophysiology and optimal management strategies. Continued research efforts are essential to develop novel therapeutic interventions that can effectively target the underlying mechanisms of SBMA and improve outcomes for patients.
Derechos y garantías procesales penales fundamentales: una lectura en clave tecnológica.
Authors: Martín Diz Fernando
Published: June 2024

Realizar una valoración inicial sobre el acomodo de la tecnología disruptiva con los derechos fundamentales y garantías constitucionales implica analizar la repercusión de la posible utilización de elementos tecnológicos de última generación (inteligencia artificial) en funciones asistenciales de la labor jurisdiccional. El binomio proceso judicial e inteligencia artificial es una realidad que debe conciliarse desde tres premisas imprescindibles: normal legal, jurisdiccionalidad y respeto a los derechos fundamentales. Sin duda, el hecho de que la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial se sostenga, como uno de sus grandes principios, por la necesidad de control por humano, garantiza que el órgano jurisdiccional sea el garante de la legalidad y constitucionalidad de la utilización de soluciones de inteligencia artificial en funciones auxiliares en la actividad procesal sin que el justiciable vea afectados derechos fundamentales como la presunción de inocencia, el derecho de defensa o el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva, que, a su vez, deben ser interpretados y adaptados a la realidad tecnológica actual.
“It’s a bit exasperating to be locked up”- an exploration of Mexican adolescents’ perceived barriers and facilitators for physical activity and healthy eating
Authors: Garcia Gabriela Argumedo , Standage Martyn , Curran Thomas , Gillison Fiona
Published: June 2024

Mexican adolescents’ diet and physical activity levels fall short of recommendations for health. The aim of this study was to explore Mexican adolescents’ perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity and healthy eating. Twelve single-sex focus groups were conducted in six secondary schools in Mexico City during three months from October 2016. Data were analysed via inductive thematic analysis. Three themes were identified, namely: understanding the health-behaviour link, the impact of a restricted life, and social support. Participants understood how physical activity contributes to multiple dimensions of health, and how diet contributes to physical health. They also identified socialising, having fun, and stress relief as facilitators of physical activity, and knowledge and the desire for healthy food as facilitators for healthy eating. Barriers included inadequate facilities, insufficient time within current school structures, and inadequate social support from teachers. Context-specific physical activity barriers of neighbourhood safety concerns, and limited family support were also reported. Participants had a basic knowledge of healthy eating but showed little motivation to improve their diet. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that improvement of opportunities for safe outdoor time, social support, and availability of healthy food would be useful to explore to promote the health behaviours of Mexican adolescents.
Asymptotically Optimal Clearing Control of Backlogs in Multiclass Processing Systems
Authors: Yu Lun , Iravani Seyed , Perry Ohad
Published: June 2024

Processing systems, such as make-to-order production or service systems, are often faced with backlogged demand, which results in a prolonged period in which the system is congested, although it has sufficient processing capacity to handle all newly arriving demand. In “Asymptotically Optimal Clearing Control of Backlogs in Multiclass Processing Systems,” Yu, Iravani, and Perry consider a processing system, modeled by a multiclass queueing model, that faces the problem of optimally clearing a large backlog from several classes of customers (or orders). For the special case of two classes, the authors prove that a static priority policy following a discounted cμ/θ rule is asymptotically optimal. When there are more than two classes of customers, the authors show that any admissible control that follows the best-effort rule becomes asymptotically optimal after a relatively short time. An extensive numerical study shows that these proposed policies are effective and provides guidance on when to choose among the policies in practice.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Terintegrasi Dual Fungsi: Penanam Benih Jagung dan Penggembur Tanah untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pertanian Jagung Poktan LMPSDH Wonodadi di Desa Lembeyan Wetan
Authors: Asih Retno , Nurdiansah Haniffudin , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Anggoro Diky , Mubarok Fahmi , Zainuri Mochamad , Pratapa Suminar , Triwikantoro Triwikantoro , Darminto Darminto , Suasmoro Suasmoro
Published: June 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dalam rangka membantu meningkatkan efisiensi pertanian jagung petani poktan LMPSDH Wonodadi di lahan Hutan Wonodadi, Lembeyan, Magetan yang selama ini umumnya masih menggunakan cara tradisional sehingga kurang efisien dari segi tenaga, waktu dan biaya. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan merancang mesin terintegrasi antara penggembur tanah dan penanam benih yang mana bagian penanam benih dapat dibongkar apabila akan digunakan secara terpisah. Sistem dirancang dengan mesin 2-tak berbahan bakar bensin campur yang menyerupai sistem traktor-tangan mini dengan bobot sekitar 25 kg sehingga mudah dibawa dan dipindahkan melalui akses jalan hutan yang sempit dan kurang memadai. Perangkat mesin yang dirancang telah diuji cobakan di lahan Hutan Wonodadi dan diketahui bahwa mesin dapat berfungsi dengan layak. Meskipun demikian, berdasarkan hasil evaluasi dan saran dari mitra petani, beberapa perbaikan masih diperlukan terkait penempatan roda pada mesin penggembur tanah dan penggunaan material/sistem pencegah penempelan tanah pada mata lubang mesin penanam benih.
Pemetaan UMKM Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) di Kecamatan Singosari, Kabupaten Malang, Provinsi Jawa Timur
Authors: Firmansyah Fendy , Susetyo Cahyono , Handayeni Ketut Dewi Martha Erli , Syafitri Rivan Aji Wahyu Dyan , Jatayu Anoraga , Pratomoatmojo Nursakti Adhi , Kurniawan Akbar , Hayati Noorlaila
Published: June 2024

Pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi sejak tahun 2020 mendorong munculnya beragam regulasi yang membatasi mobilitas masyarakat di Indonesia. Hal ini berdampak pada lumpuhnya sektor ekonomi karena banyaknya penutupan usaha (sementara maupun permanen), khususnya para pemilik Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) yang kesulitan beradaptasi secara cepat dengan kondisi ini. Pengabdian masyarakat ini telah memetakan kondisi terkini UMKM di Kecamatan Singosari pasca Covid-19 melalui pemetaan berbasis spasial menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Pemanfaatan SIG dapat digunakan untuk memberikan informasi terkait karakteristik dan kondisi UMKM dengan tampilan data yang representatif melalui visualisasi peta, sehingga dapat mendukung merumuskan strategi pengembangan UMKM kedepannya. Tahapan yang dilakukan yakni sosialisasi, survei primer dan wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuisioner, pengolahan data, pembuatan peta, pembuatan database spasial atau geodatabase, dan pembuatan prototype Webgis. Hasilnya diketahui bahwa 95,2% UMKM adalah UMKM di bidang kuliner, dimana sebanyak 31,5% UMKM mengalami penurunan jumlah produksi, 51,9% UMKM mengalami penurunan penjualan dan 63% UMKM menghadapi kendala kenaikan biaya produksi selama masa pandemi. Sebanyak 50,9% UMKM di Kecamatan Singosari masih menggunakan media konvensional dalam memasarkan produknya. Teknologi SIG dapat digunakan pula untuk mendukung upaya digitalisasi sektor UMKM melalui pengembangan Webgis dan startup untuk sektor UMKM di Kecamatan Singosari.
Penguatan Kapasitas dan Strategi Adaptasi Sektor Pariwisata Gili Ketapang dalam mendukung Pengembangan Wisata Berbasis Ketahanan Iklim
Authors: Jatayu Anoraga , Idajati Hertiari , Umilia Ema , Abdurrakhman Arief , Nurif Muchammad , Abadi Imam , Soeprijanto Adi , Aparamarta Hakun Wirawasista , Mulyadi Yeyes
Published: June 2024

Gili Ketapang merupakan salah satu destinasi pariwisata bahari unggulan di Jawa Timur yang memiliki potensi baik dari sisi bentang alam, ekosistem alami, maupun berbagai sumber daya di dalamnya. Namun, keberlanjutan kawasan wisata Gili Ketapang saat ini mengalami ancaman yang cukup besar akibat perubahan iklim. Pengabdian Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan penguatan kapasitas dan strategi adaptasi untuk sektor pariwisata Gili Ketapang, baik dari sisi masyarakat, pelaku wisata, pemerintah daerah setempat, dan dari sisi infrastruktur yang ada. Kondisi eksisting kawasan wisata Gili Ketapang saat ini telah mengalami transformasi yang cukup signifikan dengan berorientasikan pada aktivitas sektor pariwisata dan perikanan sebagai sektor utamanya. Ketersediaan destinasi wisata juga telah banyak didukung oleh infrastruktur pendukung serta SDM dan organisasi pengelola parwisiata yang cukup memadai. Namun, di sisi lain juga terdapat kekurangwaspadaan terhadap isu perubahan iklim yang cukup mengancam pada kawasan wisata ini. Oleh karena itu, beberapa strategi dalam hal perbaikan infrastruktur dalam mengantisipasi berbagai perubahan lingkungan, sosialisasi terhadap masyarakat, pelaku wisata, dan pemerintah daerah terhadap perubahan iklim serta berbagai aktivitas adaptif yang dapat dilakukan perlu diterapkan secara kontinyu untuk keberlanjutan kawasan wisata ini.
Deteksi Dini dan Peningkatan Kewaspadaan Tentang Stroke untuk Masyarakat di Kelurahan Kanigaran
Authors: Njoto Edwin Nugroho , Radiansyah Riva Satya , Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Mahdi Faizal , Mulyasaputra Galih Endradita , Rifqo Muhammad , Putro Yohanes Kartjito , Ramadani Muhammad Rifqi Nur
Published: June 2024

Stroke merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak ketiga di dunia, dengan dampak serius terhadap kesehatan dan kualitas hidup individu. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan di Kota Probolinggo, dengan fokus pada peningkatan kesadaran deteksi dini faktor risiko stroke. Kegiatan ini menyajikan konsep yang mencakup penyuluhan tentang tanda dan gejala stroke, faktor risiko stroke, dan tata laksana awal stroke dengan melibatkan masyarakat di Kelurahan Kanigaran. Berbagai media digunakan termasuk penyuluhan, video edukatif, dan pemeriksaan langsung faktor risiko stroke. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan tingginya antusiasme masyarakat, terutama dalam sesi tanya jawab. Mayoritas peserta adalah perempuan, dan banyak dari mereka memiliki hipertensi yang belum mendapatkan pengobatan. Tujuan kegiatan adalah meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat sekitar tentang deteksi dini penyakit stroke, serta memberikan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang faktor risiko dan tanda gejala stroke. Manfaat kegiatan ini melibatkan pengembangan kemampuan komunikasi sumber daya manusia ITS yang terlibat dan memberikan wawasan masyarakat sekitar mengenai deteksi dini stroke. Dampaknya diharapkan akan mengurangi angka kejadian stroke baru melalui deteksi dini yang lebih cepat dan optimal, serta meningkatkan kesembuhan pasien stroke. Kesimpulannya, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini berhasil meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat sekitar tentang stroke, khususnya di Kota Probolinggo. Dengan upaya ini, diharapkan dapat mengurangi angka kejadian stroke dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup warga setempat.
Inovasi Teknologi dalam Budidaya Udang: Penggunaan Water Quality Meter untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Udang di Sidoarjo
Authors: Gunawan Agus Indra , Ariwibowo Teguh Hady , Nurmaida Firnanda Pristiana , Ariyanto Ferry , Kamaluddin Muhammad Wafiq , Sanaba Utari , Habibulloh Muhamad Aldino , Tambunan Orlando Pratama
Published: June 2024

Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan perairan yang vital bagi petani udang di Sidoarjo. Dengan memberikan water quality meter kepada para petani, kami berupaya meningkatkan pemahaman mereka terhadap parameter-parameter kritis dalam air yang berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan udang. Melalui serangkaian pelatihan dan bimbingan, petani diberi pengetahuan tentang cara menggunakan alat ini untuk memantau kualitas air secara mandiri. Selain itu, kami juga menyediakan informasi dan panduan praktis dalam mengelola kualitas air secara optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini melibatkan pendekatan partisipatif, di mana kami bekerja sama dengan komunitas petani udang untuk menentukan kebutuhan mereka dan menyusun strategi yang sesuai. Kami juga melakukan pemantauan berkala untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas alat ini dalam membantu petani mengelola kualitas air secara lebih efisien. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman petani tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas air untuk budidaya udang. Para petani juga melaporkan peningkatan produksi dan kesehatan udang setelah menerapkan pengetahuan yang didapat dari penggunaan alat ini. Kesimpulannya, pemberian water quality meter dan pendidikan yang terkait membantu petani udang dalam meningkatkan pemantauan dan manajemen kualitas air secara mandiri. Langkah ini dapat berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas serta keberlanjutan usaha budidaya udang di komunitas ini.
Effectiveness of supervised versus self-directed rehabilitation for adults aged 50 years and over with ankle fractures: protocol for the AFTER trial
Authors: Keene David J. , Achten Juul , Forde Colin , Png May E. , Grant Richard , Draper Kylea , Appelbe Duncan , Tutton Elizabeth , Peckham Nicholas , Dutton Susan J. , Lamb Sarah E. , Costa Matthew L.
Published: June 2024

Aims

Ankle fractures are common, mainly affecting adults aged 50 years and over. To aid recovery, some patients are referred to physiotherapy, but referral patterns vary, likely due to uncertainty about the effectiveness of this supervised rehabilitation approach. To inform clinical practice, this study will evaluate the effectiveness of supervised versus self-directed rehabilitation in improving ankle function for older adults with ankle fractures.

Methods

This will be a multicentre, parallel-group, individually randomized controlled superiority trial. We aim to recruit 344 participants aged 50 years and older with an ankle fracture treated surgically or non-surgically from at least 20 NHS hospitals. Participants will be randomized 1:1 using a web-based service to supervised rehabilitation (four to six one-to-one physiotherapy sessions of tailored advice and prescribed home exercise over three months), or self-directed rehabilitation (provision of advice and exercise materials that participants will use to manage their recovery independently). The primary outcome is participant-reported ankle-related symptoms and function six months after randomization, measured by the Olerud and Molander Ankle Score. Secondary outcomes at two, four, and six months measure health-related quality of life, pain, physical function, self-efficacy, exercise adherence, complications, and resource use. Due to the nature of the interventions, participants and intervention providers will be unblinded to treatment allocation.

Conclusion

This study will assess whether supervised rehabilitation is more effective than self-directed rehabilitation for adults aged 50 years and older after ankle fracture. The results will provide evidence to guide clinical practice. At the time of submission, the trial is currently completing recruitment, and follow-up will be completed in 2024.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(6):499–513.
Staðbundin nálgun og nýsköpun í hverfum Reykjavíkurborgar
Authors: Ólafsson Óskar Dýrmundur , Árnadóttir Hervör Alma
Published: June 2024

Í borgum hefur verið leitað ýmissa leiða í stjórnun þegar tekist er á við áskoranir tengdar því að veita íbúum viðeigandi þjónustu og er kallað eftir nýsköpun í því samhengi. Ein leið sem vakið hefur eftirtekt byggir á staðbundinni nálgun í opinberri þjónustu. Markmiðið hér er að fjalla um staðbundna nálgun í stjórnun og áhrif hennar á þjónustu með þann tilgang að auka farsæld íbúa. Spurt er; hvernig getur staðbundin nálgun nýst við nýsköpun opinberrar þjónustu? Til að leita svara við spurningunni er rýnt í dæmi varðandi þjónustu í hverfi Reykjavíkurborgar þar sem staðbundinni nálgun hefur verið beitt við stjórnun. Helstu niðurstöður benda til þess að staðbundin nálgun við stjórnun geti verið gagnleg til þess að hanna og veita skilvirkari þjónustu og mæta fjölbreyttum þörfum íbúa. Með því að beita nálguninni sé skapaður grundvöllur fyrir auknum tækifærum fyrir inngildingu jaðarsettra hópa og stutt við tengslamyndun milli íbúa með þeim afleiðingum að samfélagið styrkist. Staðbundin nálgun birtist meðal annars í því sem kenna má við borgaralega leiðtogafærni og gæti því verið fýsilegur kostur í stjórnun borga og bæja sem eru að takast á við fjölbreyttar þarfir íbúa í fjölmenningarsamfélögum. Þær nálganir gætu komið í stað gamalreyndra aðferða sem hafa ekki reynst nægilega vel við að leysa úr margbreytilegum áskorunum samtímans.
Passive continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing in the terahertz band
Authors: Liu Chengji , Xu Zhe , Wang Lu , Yang Heyang , Li Qingshan
Published: June 2024

We propose a passive continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol based on multicarrier multiplexing technology in the terahertz band. In this paper, we realize the superposition of multipath coherent states by inverse Fourier transform and passive modulation. At the receiving end, the coherent states of the subcarriers are separated by quantum Fourier transform, and the keys are obtained in parallel by a homodyne (heterodyne) detector and post-processing. In addition, we derive the security bounds of the protocol and evaluate the performance in indoor environments and intersatellite links. Furthermore, we consider finite-size effects and propose tighter agreement constraints, which are more practical than those obtained in the asymptotic limit. This work will provide an effective way to build efficient wireless quantum communication networks.
Range selective digital holographic imaging of vibrating objects using FMCW lidar
Authors: Goodman Matthew A. , Mohan R. Krishna , Babbitt Wm. Randall
Published: June 2024

The use of frequency modulated
continuous wave (FMCW) chirped transmit and reference waveforms in
digital holographic (DH) imaging has enabled range selectivity. By
frequency shifting the reference beam to compensate for the typical
FMCW lidar beat frequency associated with a particular range, a
temporally stable holographic image is formed for objects at the
selected range and coherently integrates on a short wave infrared
(SWIR) sensor. For vibrating objects, longitudinal movements of the
object greater than half of an optical wavelength during the exposure
time of the sensor array induce phase shifts that can wash out the
hologram. An analog feedback system was designed and constructed
whereby a lidar subassembly provides real time phase compensation
information to a DH subassembly in order to stabilize the range
selective digital holographic recording of the object. The design and
characterization of the feedback system, as well as the results
demonstrating the performance for vibrating objects that move over 17
wavelengths during the sensor exposure, are discussed.
Low loss fiber-coupled volumetric interconnects fabricated via direct laser writing
Authors: Littlefield Alexander J. , Huang Jack , Holley Mason L. , Duggar Nikita B. , Gao Jingxing , Xie Dajie , Richards Corey A. , Silberg Truman , Purakayastha Ujaan , Herr Jesse , Ocier Christian R. , Deng Xiangrui , Wang Xiaoli , Braun Paul V. , Goddard Lynford L.
Published: June 2024

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are vital for high-speed data transmission. However, optical routing is limited in PICs composed of only one or a few stacked planes. Further, coupling losses must be low in deployed systems. Previously, we developed the subsurface controllable refractive index via beam exposure (SCRIBE) technique to write accurate 3D gradient refractive index (GRIN) profiles within a mesoporous silica scaffold. Here, we apply SCRIBE to fabricate low loss, broadband, polarization insensitive, fiber-coupled, single-mode volumetric interconnects that include waveguides traversing arbitrary 3D paths. By seamlessly integrating mode-matching subsurface lenses and GRIN waveguide tapers, calibrating for positional writing errors, implementing multipass exposure, automating alignment, and switching to antireflection coated fibers, we reduced the insertion loss for a fiber-PIC-fiber interconnect from 50 to 2.14 dB, or 1.47 dB, excluding the fiber array’s loss. Further, we establish an upper bound of 0.45 dB loss per coupler. We report quality factors of 27,000 and 77,000 and bending losses of 6 and 3 dB/cm for 15 and 30 µm radii microrings, respectively. We also demonstrate Bézier escalators, polarization-rotating and polarization-splitting interconnects, and a seven-channel 25 µm pitch volumetric interconnect. The SCRIBE platform presents a clear path toward realizing 3D PICs with unique functionality.
Facilitators and barriers to community-led monitoring of health programs: Qualitative evidence from the global implementation landscape
Authors: Sharp Alana R. , Mpofu Ngqabutho , Lankiewicz Elise , Ajonye Beatrice , Rambau Ndivhuwo P. , Dringus Stefanie , Honermann Brian , Erondu Ngozi , Russell Asia , Mwehonge Kenneth , Aguiar Cláudia , Ledan Naïké , Kavanagh Matthew M.
Published: June 2024

Achieving the global HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria targets will require innovative strategies to deliver high quality and person-centered health services. Community-led monitoring (CLM) is a rapidly proliferating health systems strengthening intervention for improving healthcare services and documenting human rights violations, through social empowerment and political accountability. Driven in part by increasing financial support from donors, a growing number of countries are implementing CLM programs. This study aimed to identify early challenges and lessons learned from CLM implementation, with the aim of informing and improving the implementation of CLM programs and ultimately achieving greater impact on the delivery of services. Twenty-five CLM implementors representing 21 countries participated in an interview. Early generation of buy-in from diverse stakeholders was noted as critical for CLM success. Leveraging existing networks of service users and community organizations to implement CLM also helped to maximize program reach and resources. Uncertainty around CLM’s purpose and roles among CLM stakeholders resulted in challenges to community leadership and ownership of programs. Respondents also described challenges with underfunded programs, especially advocacy components, and inflexible donor funding mechanisms. Critical capacity gaps remain around advocacy and electronic data collection and use. With the rapid expansion of CLM, this study serves as an important first step in characterizing challenges and successes in the CLM landscape. Successful implementation of CLM requires prioritizing community ownership and leadership, donor commitment to sustainable and reliable funding, and strengthened support of programs across the data collection and advocacy lifecycle.
Rapid appraisal of liver diseases using transient elastography, abdominal ultrasound, and microbiology in Côte d’Ivoire: A single-center study
Authors: Leibenguth Marie T. , Coulibaly Jean T. , Silué Kigbafori D. , N’Gbesso Yves K. , El Wahed Ahmed Abd , Utzinger Jürg , Becker Sören L. , Schneitler Sophie
Published: June 2024

Background

Liver diseases of infectious and non-infectious etiology cause considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, data on the prevalence of liver diseases and underlying risk factors in LMICs are scarce. The objective of this study was to elucidate the occurrence of infectious diseases among individuals with chronic liver damage in a rural setting of Côte d’Ivoire.

Methodology

In 2021, we screened 696 individuals from four villages in the southern part of Côte d’Ivoire for hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, employing transient elastography (TE) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). We classified CAP ≥248 dB/m as steatosis, TE ≥7.2 kPa as fibrosis, and did subgroup analysis for participants with TE ranging from 7.2 kPa to 9.1 kPa. Clinical and microbiologic characteristics were compared to an age- and sex-matched control group (TE <6.0 kPa; n = 109). Stool samples were subjected to duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni. Venous blood samples were examined for hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus. Additionally, an abdominal ultrasound examination was performed.

Principal findings

Among 684 individuals with valid TE measurements, TE screening identified hepatic pathologies in 149 participants (17% with fibrosis and 6% with steatosis). 419 participants were included for further analyses, of which 261 had complete microbiologic analyses available. The prevalence of S. mansoni, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C were 30%, 14%, and 7%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed higher odds for having TE results between 7.2 kPa and 9.1 kPa in individuals with S. mansoni infection (odds ratio [OR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58–5.76, P = 0.001), while HCV infection (OR = 5.02, 95% CI = 1.72–14.69, P = 0.003) and steatosis (OR = 4.62, 95% CI = 1.60–13.35, P = 0.005) were found to be risk factors for TE ≥9.2 kPa.

Conclusions/significance

Besides viral hepatitis, S. mansoni also warrants consideration as a pathogen causing liver fibrosis in Côte d’Ivoire. In-depth diagnostic work-up among individuals with abnormal TE findings might be a cost-effective public health strategy.