bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processing Garden-Path Sentences in Sight Translation: An Experimental Study
Authors: ALAN Cihan
Published: December 2020

Garden-path refers to a type of temporary syntactic ambiguity in which the phrase structure rules allow two possible attachments of a constituent (Fromkin, Rodman & Hymas, 2011, p. 385). This study aims to investigate whether sight translators who are trained on this type of translation perform better in overcoming garden-path effect than other translators who are not trained on sight translation. During the translation process of such sentences, the sight transla-tor is expected to parse the syntactic order of the source text correctly to grasp the meaning, and reformulate the message in the target language applying the necessary transpositions in the word order. An experiment was designed to test the performance differences in sight trans-lation of garden-path sentences. Experimental and control groups were given five garden-path sentences within various contexts and were asked to record their voices. The results showed that trained sight translators tend to receive garden-path sentences as a whole and concentrate on the message of the sentence, making use of certain skills and techniques in reading. In this sense, trained sight translators are more successful in parsing complex sentences with garden-path effect than ordinary readers.
FLOW EXPERIENCES OF TERTIARY LEVEL TURKISH EFL STUDENTS IN ONLINE LANGUAGE CLASSES DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK
Authors: HAN Turgay , ÖKSÜZ Arife , ŞARMAN Güzin , NACAR Alper Mete
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the flow experiences of foreign language (EFL) learners in online classes during Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. The participants were 84 university students as EFL learners. Data were collected by a perception survey, a background questionnaire and open-ended questions to provide triangulation. The results showed that participants had flow experiences with different levels of different categories of flow. The results also showed that there was no significant difference in terms of gender. Additionally, the findings proved that participants’ flow experiences were partially interrupted by some problems they faced during their online classes.
Doğum Şekli ve Emzirme: Sistematik Derleme
Authors: AKIN Özlem , ERBİL Nülüfer
Published: December 2020

Sistematik derleme niteliğinde olan çalışmanın amacı, doğum şekli ve emzirme durumuna ilişkin çalışmaların bulgularına göre doğum şekli ve emzirme durumu ilişkisinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada, Kasım 2019-Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında “Doğum şekli ve emzirme” “mode of birth and breastfeeding” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak, Google Akademik, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Medline Complete veri tabanları taranmış ve ulaşılan makaleler değerlendirilmiştir. Sistematik derlemeye 2007-2017 yıllarında yapılmış, 2017-2018 yıllarında yayımlanmış doğum şekli ve emzirme konulu toplam 16 çalışma alınmıştır. Bu sistematik derleme sonucunda, doğum şeklinin erken dönemde yenidoğan beslenmesi konusunda etkili olduğu, vajinal doğum yapan kadınların sezaryen doğum yapan kadınlara oranla daha erken ve etkin emzirmeye başladığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada sezaryen sonrası insizyon bölgesindeki ağrı nedeniyle annelerin kendini daha yorgun hissettiği ve emzirmeyi istemedikleri, vajinal doğumda ise yorgunluk ve epizyotomi kaynaklı ağrı nedeniyle emzirme sorunları yaşadıkları saptanmıştır.
Exact Formulas of the Transition Probabilities of the Multi-Species Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process
Authors:   Nazarbayev University, Kazakhstan, Lee Eunghyun
Published: December 2020

We find the formulas of the transition probabilities of the N-particle multi-species asymmetric simple exclusion processes (ASEP), and show that the transition probabilities are written as a determinant when the order of particles in the final state is the same as the order of particles in the initial state.
Morphological Changes in the Hepatic Tissue at the Impact of Industrial Copper-bearing Dust in the Experiment
Authors: Abdikadirova Khamida R. , Amreyeva Kymbat Ye. , Zhautikova Saule B. , Kostyleva Olga A. , Abikenova Fatima S. , Chergizova Bibigul T. , Talaspekova Yulia P. , Atshabarova Saule Sh.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: It is known that an increased intake of copper (Cu) has an adverse effect, and above all leads to the defeat of parenchymal organs, including liver tissue.
AIM: This study the morphological changes in the hepatic tissue at the impact of polymetallic Cu dust.
METHODS: An experimental study was carried out on the outbred white male rats. Dust was injected once intratracheally at a dose of 50 mg. For dynamic observation, the animals were killed in 1, 3, and 6 months with the control group using instant decapitation. The Balkhash industrial polymetallic dust with a predominant Cu content (Cu-0.6%) was used for the study. Morphological changes were assessed using histological and morphometric methods.
RESULTS: Morphometric examination of liver tissue at 30 days showed Vv necrosis increasing in 320 times in Group 2 (p < 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 121 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 19.91 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 23 times (p < 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 2.82 times (p < 0.001) in comparison with Group 1. Vv portal tracts are not reliably changed. In 90 days, there were also the following morphometric parameters increasing in comparison with the control group: Vv necrosis – in 522 times (p < 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 395 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 26.7 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 314 times (p < 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 13.27 times (p < 0.001). On the 180 day of the experiment, there was the increasing of Vv infiltrates in 421 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 34.09 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 411 times (p < 0.001), and Vv fibrosis – in 54.09 times (p < 0.001)
CONCLUSION: The impact of polymetallic dust with 0.6% Cu concentration at the early stages leads to the changes in the liver in the form of reactive hepatitis with the following transformation into portal-type hepatitis.
Hereditary Dental Diseases – Clinical Diagnosis and Strategies for Treatment and Rehabilitation
Authors: Sologova Susanna Sergeevna , Rzaeva Aidan Elchin kizi , Tereshkina Olga Ivanovna , Sologova Diana Igorevna , Vlasova Natalia Nikolaevna , Arazashvili Liana Davidovna
Published: December 2020

AIM: The research has been aimed at optimization of approaches to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies to the hereditary dental diseases based on the analysis of modern relevant information.
METHODS: Using the methods of content analysis and cluster analysis, the information included in periodicals, as well as educational and non-regulatory publications for the period of 2011–2019, was systematized and structured; the analysis of sources devoted to modern approaches to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of hereditary dental diseases, their genetic etiology, with the description of clinical cases and illustrations for each example, was conducted; hereditary dental diseases were classified; based on a comparative analysis, approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these diseases were optimized.
RESULTS: The most significant hereditary dental diseases have been identified, the classification of approaches to their diagnosis and treatment has been presented, the scheme of drug therapy has been optimized depending on the pathology.
CONCLUSION: The systematic analysis of information on hereditary dental diseases with the description of clinical cases for each nosology has been carried out for the 1st time, and the approaches to their diagnosis and treatment have been optimized with due consideration of domestic and foreign experience.
Retrospective Radiographic Survey of Unconventional Ectopic Impacted Teeth in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elsayed Shadia A. , Althagafi Nebras , Bahabri Rayan , Alshanqiti Mona M. , Alrehaili Alhanouf M. , Alahmadi Ahmed Salah
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVES: Ectopic unconventional impacted teeth are rare. These teeth erupt in an unusual direction with limited unconventional access and have increased surgical risks.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate and assess the prevalence and distribution of rare ectopic impacted teeth at the Taibah University Dental College and Hospital (TUDCH), Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: The study designed through a retrospective radiographic cross-sectional survey involving the review and examination of 9000 archived digital orthopantomograms of patients who visited the (TUDCH) in the period from January 2014 to December 2019 and to analyze any associated factors.
RESULTS: There were 63 ectopically impacted teeth, with an incidence of 0.7%. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 68 years, with a mean of 32.4 ± 13 years. Regarding patient nationality, 68.3% were Saudis. The most common ectopically impacted teeth were the extra impacted premolars, with an incidence of 0.2%, followed by the inverted molars, impacted first or second molars, and buccoversion or lingoversion third molars, with incidences of 0.16%, 0.13%, and 0.12%, respectively. The mandible was affected with ectopic impaction more than the maxilla, with an incidence of 55.6%. There was no difference between the right and left sides. Impacted teeth in the sinus were the least common.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of ectopic impacted teeth was 0.7% among the surveyed patients at TUDCH, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia. Hence, the oral surgeon must have readiness for such a challenging, increasing situation.
Surface Roughness of Bulk Fill Composite after Simulated Toothbrushing with Different Dentifrices
Authors: Elmarakby Ahmed Mohamed , Darwish Mahmoud , Souror Yasser R. , Waly Ahmed
Published: December 2020

AIM: The aim of the current in vitro study was to evaluate the changes in surface roughness of bulk fill composites after simulated toothbrushing with different dentifrices.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of bulk fill resin composites were used in this study; 27 specimens of each composite resin were randomly divided into three main groups (n = 9). Each main group was further subdivided into three subgroups (n = 3). Each group was subjected to simulated toothbrushing with three different dentifrices. One-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the effect of brushing using dentifrices on the surface roughness of each type of composite resin, followed by Tukey’s test at a significance level of p ≤ 0.5%.
RESULTS: Results revealed that different effects on composite surface roughness were detected after simulating toothbrushing with different dentifrices. Lacalut toothpaste abrades more with Filtek Bulk Fill, Tetric N-Ceram then Bulk Fill SDR. Crest 3D toothpaste abrades more with Tetric N-Ceram, Bulk Fill SDR then Filtek Bulk Fill. BlanX toothpaste abrades more with Tetric N-Ceram, Bulk Fill SDR then Filtek Bulk Fill.
CONCLUSION: Chemical composition of both resin composites and dentifrices plays an important role in influencing the degree of surface roughness of bulk fill composite resin restorations.
The Identification of Modeling Causes of Stunting Children Aged 2–5 Years in Aceh Province, Indonesia (Data Analysis of Nutritional Status Monitoring 2015)
Authors: Bustami Bustami , Ampera Miko
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of stunting problems in toddlers in 2015 in Aceh Province has proven to be very high due to various factors ranging from a mother’s educational background to socioeconomic family.
AIM: The purpose of this study was to identify models of factors that cause stunting in children aged 2–5 years in Aceh Province.
METHODS: To be able to identify the problem above, this quantitative research was reported in a descriptive analytic form with a cross-sectional design that was successfully conducted from April to December 2019. The data collected were a combination of field observation review and documentation. To facilitate data analysis, univariate and bivariate and multivariate have been applied to see the validation and reliability of this research question.
RESULTS: The results showed that the incidence of stunting in children included the level of education and knowledge of the mother, head of the family, number of family members, initiation of early breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, age of weaning, supplementary feeding, and provision of Vitamin A (p < 0.05). The dominant factors affecting stunting were 16.7 times exclusive breastfeeding, 10.6 times because they were not given complementary feeding, 3.5 times because they did not get Vitamin A capsules, 1.7 times due to poor weaning age, and 1.5 times because the head of the family does not have a good income. Several variables did not affect the incidence of stunting, such as education of the head of the family (p = 0.482) and mother’s occupation (p = 0.992).
CONCLUSION: Stunting is caused by direct and indirect factors. Models in dealing with stunting can be done by maximizing better breastfeeding.
Effectiveness of Pugun Tanoh Leaves Ethanol Extract (Curanga fel-terrae (Lour.) Merr) as an Anti-inflammation in Patients after Tooth Extraction at Dental and Mouth Hospital of Dentistry Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Rusdy Hendry , Marianne Marianne , Gurning Baginda Mangatur
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Pugun Tanoh (Curanga fel-terrae (Lour.) Merr) is one of the medicinal plants. C. fel-terrae often used by the Karo tribe of Tiga Lingga Village, Kabupaten Dairi, Provinsi Sumatera Utara to treat diarrhea, asthma, cough, scabies, inflammation, bruising, and abdominal pain. Hence, it is necessary to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of Pugun Tanoh leaf extract.
AIM: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Pugun Tanoh leaves ethanol extract as an anti-inflammatory in patients after tooth extraction at Dental and Mouth Hospital of Dentistry Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
METHODS: There were two research groups, namely the treatment group, which was given the extract plus amoxicillin 500 mg and mefenamic acid 500 mg as well as the control group who were only given amoxicillin 500 mg and mefenamic acid 500 mg without the extract. However, the instructions given to the patient are only required to take 500 mg of amoxicillin as an antibiotic, but for the 500 mg mefenamic acid drug, it is only instructed to drink it if there is pain that is felt by the patient. After the extracted teeth, the treatment group was given C. fel-terrae leaves ethanol extract 1.1 mg/kg on the tooth extraction socket using a 3 ml syringe then measurements were made on day 1 and day 2 after the extract was given using a visual analog scale (VAS) and through direct observation. Statistical analysis using the t-test independent and Chi-square test (significant p < 0.05).
RESULTS: The treatment group did not have signs of inflammation both on the 1st and 2nd days after tooth extraction, while the control group had signs of inflammation both on the 1st day and the 2nd day after tooth extraction. In the treatment group, there were no patients who took the mefenamic acid drug while in the control group, it was found that all patients took mefenamic acid because they felt post-extraction pain. Statistical result are obtained with p = 0.00 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: C. fel-terrae leaves ethanol extract is effective to be used as an anti-inflammatory in patients after tooth extraction combined with amoxicillin 500 mg and mefenamic acid 500 mg.
The Critical Role of Imaging in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Yueniwati Yuyun , Inggrianita Dotti
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-related neurological disorder as a result of chronic inflammation and demyelination which affect the central nervous system. The number of MS cases in Indonesia is about 1–5/100.000 people. This disease causes disability and requires immense treatment costs. One of the MS subtypes is primary progressive which is marked by the decline of neurological functions since the disease onset, without any period of relapse attacks.
CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old female came with complaints on spinning dizziness, accompanied by vomiting and waddling for the past month before hospital administration. Based on physical examination, we found multiple cranial nerve palsies on the cranial nerve III, IV, V, VI, and VII on the left side. Initially, it suspected as an intracranial lesion in the cerebellopontine angle. However, brain computed tomography scan showed a normal result. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted and we found multiple lesions on the supratentorial and infratentorial region. The second patient was a 24-year-old female complained about waddling gait for the past year, which grew heavier. Based on physical examination, we found a cerebellar sign on the left side, cerebellar ataxia, paraparesis of lower extremity, and paresthesia. Brain MRI with contrast displayed white matter periventricular and infratentorial lesion.
CONCLUSION: In both cases, radiological imaging examination, which was MRI with contrast, was beneficial in the establishment of patient’s diagnosis, which made therapeutic management suitable as needed.
A Pilot Study of the Evaluation of Using Antibiotics in Sepsis Patients in Palu, Indonesia
Authors: Mukaddas Alwiyah , Utami Tatat Rahmita , Rumi Amelia
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Treatment therapy with antibiotics is one of the factors supporting success in the treatment of sepsis.
AIM: This study aims to evaluate the use of antibiotics in patients with sepsis using parameters of the day of decline in body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, changes in consciousness status, and comorbid factors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of this study is pilot study with a retrospective approach on sample of 14 sepsis patients who met the inclusion criteria. Descriptive analysis using the univariate method for see changes in levels of body temperature, length of stay, respiration rate, heart rate, comorbid factors, and changes in the consciousness status.
RESULTS: The results showed an average value for decline of body temperature after using antibiotics with a baseline of 38.47°C–37.87°C, heart rate shows the average value from baseline heart rate after using antibiotics from baseline of 110.8 bpm to 88.4 bpm, the respiration rate shows the average value for the respiration rate after using antibiotics from baseline of 30.8 x/min to 22.1 x/min, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score showed an average value after using antibiotics from baseline 9 to 7, on comorbid factors showing six patients with one comorbid and eight patients with more than 1 comorbid factor.
CONCLUSION: The study concluded that body temperature is still in the category of fever, heart rate, and respiration rate which are the normal category, patient consciousness is still at the level of somnolence even though patient’s GCS score has decreased, and patients with one factor of comorbidities are faster in death because they have a fatal type of comorbid such as acute of hepatitis, coma hepaticum, and acute kidney injury.
Experimental, Clinical, and Morphological Analysis of H-Ras Oncoproteins for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhumakayeva Ainura Maratovna , Rakhimov K. D. , Omarova I. M. , Adekenov S. M. , Zhumakayeva S. S.
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Activated forms of RAS increase both in breast cancer and in cell lines in the presence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR) or HER2 expression. HRAS oncoproteins play an important role in enhancing the proliferation and resistance of breast cancer tumor cells to apoptosis. A number of studies have shown a significant decrease in EGFR expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which has been clinical, manifested by an improvement in immediate efficacy and an increase in overall and relapse-free breast cancer survival rates.
AIM: The aim of the study was to study relapse-free survival depending on the expression of the H-RAS oncoprotein in patients with breast cancer who received different treatment regimens for the farnesyltransferase inhibitor.
METHODS: H-RAS status was assessed by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: A comparative analysis of patients with negative expression of H-RAS oncoproteins showed a statistically significant increase in relapse-free survival in the subgroups who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the AC regimen (adriablastin + cyclophosphamide) and AC + arglabin, compared with monotherapy by arglabin: Kruskal–Wallis= 12.56, where p = 0.001. A comparative analysis of patients with positive expression of H-RAS showed that in the subgroups treated with arglabin and AC+arglabin, there was a statistically significant increase in relapse-free survival compared with the AC subgroup: Kruskal–Wallis = 10.96, where p = 0.004. It was established that the positive expression of H-RAS negatively affects not only the direct effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy but also worsens the rates of relapse-free survival. However, in patients with positive H-RAS expression who received arglabin in monotherapy, there was a statistically significant increase in relapse-free survival up to 16.5 ± 1.1 months compared with the standard AC regimen (13.5 ± 1.1 months) (р ˂ 0.05), the addition of arglabin to the standard AC regime also increased this indicator to 16.4 ± 1.2 months (р ˂ 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These results may indicate the clinical applicability of determining H-RAS as a prognostic factor for relapse-free survival in breast cancer.
Modern Methods of Devic’s Disease Treatment
Authors: Archilovna Grigolashvili Marina , Danilovna Kim Ekaterina , Baikonyrovna Beisembayeva Mira , Muratovich Smagulov Amirzhan , Kabidenovna Omarova Sholpan , Kurmashovich Biduysenov Nurdaulet , Andreevich Belyaev Ruslan , Ardakovna Abildina Akmaral , Argynovna Abueva Zhanna , Nagimovna Aimurzina Zhanargul , Baltalykyzy Amanzhol Aigerim
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (also known as opticomyelitis, Devic’s syndrome/disease) is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system characterized by predominant involvement of the optic nerves, spinal cord, and extensive transverse myelitis. To date, there are no convincing clinical trials that would fully evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs for the treatment and prevention of NMO exacerbation. Taking into account the malignant course that quickly leads to disability of young, economically active population, the issues of searching for effective methods of NMO treatment remain highly urgent.
AIM: The purpose of the study was to examine available modern methods of treatment and prevention of NMO exacerbation, which have potential and require further detailed clinical trials to ensure possible application of these treatment options in clinical practice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have reviewed previously applied and modern methods of treatment. We have analyzed systematic reviews, clinical, randomized, and retrospective studies of scientific medical databases: PubMed, Cochrane, The Lancet, UpToDate, and reviews of world medical journals in Russian and English.
CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that there is a sufficient number of drugs and combinations of methods of Devic’s disease treatment. We were interested in combinations of rituximab (RIT) and autologous stem cell transplantation, RIT and fetal hepatocyte transplantation, and RIT and strengthening the effect by plasmapheresis sessions. However, successful implementation of these methods in clinical practice requires conducting controlled clinical trials with a larger number of patients and longer follow-up periods.
Obesity in Pregnancy – Implications on Pregnancy Events
Authors: Koleva Lilia , Spasova Victoria , Popova Marieta , Petkova Valentina , Dimitrov Milen
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are serious health problems in most developed countries. The percentage of young women with excessive weight who get pregnant continues to grow every year. This raises a concern about the risks of the mother and the baby during pregnancy and after birth.
AIM: This study aims to determine health risk for overweight mothers and especially the risk for preterm birth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective and retrospective study taking place in the outpatient clinic of the University Hospital “Maichin Dom”. Our study included 105 pregnant women with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 as a case group and 91 pregnant women with BMI within normal limits as a control group.
RESULTS: Mean BMI in the case group was 34.79 ± 3.71 kg/m2 and 20.20 ± 2.24 kg/m2 in the control group. Among 105 women in the case group, we registered 24.8% (n = 26) who gave birth before term. Preterm births among 91 women in the control group were registered in 17.6% (n = 16) patients. We found a significant correlation between increased BMI and the risk of increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, we found comorbidities in 43.8% of cases and 24.2% of controls.
CONCLUSION: Maternal overweight and obesity during pregnancy are associated with increased risks of preterm delivery and complications of pregnancy. Extra efforts should be made to help women lose weight before this important period of life.
Ethical and Medicolegal Considerations in the Termination of Pregnancy Due to Lethal Congenital Anomalies in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Suryadi Taufik , Kumalasari Kumalasari , Kulsum Kulsum
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The aim of the following paper is to present the case termination of pregnancy indicated by lethal congenital anomalies based on ethical and medicolegal consideration. The method used to resolve this ethical dilemma is based on clinical ethics theory with systematic consideration of medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features. Medicolegal considerations were also take-into account based on Indonesian Law number 36 of 2009.
CASE REPORT: This case report shows the termination of pregnancy in a 26-year-old patient with 25–26 weeks’ gestational age. Unfortunately, the patients are referred too late, so because of limited facilities in the rural area, the presence of congenital abnormalities in the fetus is not detected early in the 1st week of pregnancy. The results of obstetric ultrasonography showed multiple congenital anomalies. The ethical dilemma faced by obstetricians is whether to terminate the pregnancy now or after the fetus has reached term gestational age?
RESULTS: The results of ethical and medicolegal considerations in this case were carried out comprehensively by producing a joint decision between the team of doctors, the patient, and her families. The decision was made after providing adequate information regarding medical indications while taking into account the patient’s viewpoint (patient preference), quality of life, and also contextual features.
Inverse Correlation between Stress and Adaptive Coping in Medical Students
Authors: Rasheed Zafar , Shariq Ali , Alsalhi Abdulmonem , Almesned Saleh , Alhussain Saud , Alshammari Ahmed , Almatrudi Mazen , Alshammari Saif , Alkhuzayyim Sulaiman , Alkhamiss Abdullah , Alharbi Muslet H. , Al Abdulmonem Waleed
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Medical students in their academic years are generally under stress but very few studies revealed the relationship between the stress and how the students manage to adapt these stressful conditions.
AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of stress and their adaptive coping in the 1st 3 years medical students and also to determine the factors associated with adaptive coping strategies.
METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 441 medical students of Qassim University from September-October 2019. First 3 years medical students were randomly selected and their stress levels or adaptive coping strategies were determined by general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) and strategies coping mechanisms (SCM), respectively. The 5-points Likert scale was used for scoring and the data obtained were further validated by DASS and Brief COPE scales.
RESULTS: Out of 441 medical students, 39.2% agreed to participate. The data showed that the level of stress among students was highest during their 1st year academic blocks, followed by 2nd and 3rd year students. Interesting, the adaptive coping among them was found highest during the academic blocks of 3rd year students, followed by the 2nd and 1st year students. Importantly, female students showed better adaptation against stress. Students living with their parents avoided stress in better ways as compared to those who were living alone.
CONCLUSION: This is the first study that shows an inverse correlation between the stress and adaptive coping in medical students of Qassim University. The data concluded that adaptation of stress in the 3rd-year students was the highest followed by 2nd and 1st year medical students. Moreover, female students adapted well against stress and students living alone showed worse adaptation of stress.
Management of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I in Saudi Arabia: Insights from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Mayouf Sulaiman M. , Al-Sunbul Rawdah , Al-Twaim Abdul Aziz , Bin-Abbas Bassam , El-Bagoury Marwan , Faden Maha , Hussein Omar M. , Olfat Mohammed , Shuaib Taghreed , Aktham Yahia
Published: December 2020

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of rare disorders that are characterized by intracellular accumulation of glycosaminoglycans with subsequent cellular and organ dysfunction. In the Middle East, especially Saudi Arabia, higher prevalence of MPS type I was observed compared to reported rates from European countries and the United States (U.S). The present work was developed as a part of the Saudi MPS Group’s efforts to address the current situation of MPS type I in Saudi Arabia and to reach a national consensus in the management of MPS type I. The first “Management of MPS Type I Advisory Board” meeting was held in Riyadh on May 2, 2019, to reflect the expert opinions regarding different aspects of MPS type I and develop this manuscript; eight consultants from different specialties (medical genetics, pediatric rheumatology, and pediatric endocrinology), representing six Saudi institutions, in addition to a global expert in genetics participated in the meeting.
Correlation of Age, Gender, and Employment Status with Quality of Life Glaucoma Patient
Authors: Hardianti Andi , Noor Nur Nasry , Saleh Lalu Muhammad , Utami Andi Nur , Yanti Iva Hardi , Muliati Muliati , Mallongi Anwar
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: People with glaucoma sometimes do not feel the symptoms of glaucoma until the end of the stage, so the risk of blindness will be even greater. Glaucoma is a form of visual impairment, also the second cause of blindness after cataracts. However, in contrast to cataracts, glaucoma cannot be cured through surgery so that the blindness experienced is permanent.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of respondents (age, gender, and occupational status) and the quality of life of glaucoma patients.
METHODS: This study used quantitative research with cross-sectional method. Interviews were conducted on 250 glaucoma patients at community eye health centers. To determine age, sex, and employment status related to quality of life, the data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression.
RESULTS: The age with p-value 0668 and gender with p-value employment status in 0237 and 0105 with p values were not related to the quality of life of glaucoma patients. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the employment status with a significance of 0046 was a factor related to the quality of life.
CONCLUSION: No relation to gender, age, and income with the quality of life of patients with glaucoma in Makassar Community Eye Health Centers in 2018 was found.
The Effect of Celery Therapy and Abdominal Stretching Exercise on Pain Intensity in Adolescent with Dysmenorrhea at the Soppeng High School
Authors: Kas Sri Rezkiani , Noor Nur Nasry , Abdullla Muh Tahir , Mallongi Anwar , Ibrahim Erniwati
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Reproductive health is an important issue and needs to get more attention, especially among adolescents because adolescents are the nation’s next generation so adolescents should have excellent reproductive health because adolescents will later marry and become parents, so the quality of life of adolescents must improve to better direction.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of celery therapy and abdominal stretching exercise on pain intensity in adolescents with dysmenorrhea in Soppeng District High School.
METHODS: This research uses quasi-experimental. A sample of 30 was selected by consecutive sampling that met the inclusion criteria. Samples taken are non-randomized pre-posttest one-group design with accidental sampling method. Data collection using numeric rating scale measurement tools. Data were not normally distributed by analyzing the Wilcoxon test.
RESULTS: The results showed that the characteristics of respondents for age were 14–15 years as many as 16 (53.3%). Based on grade level, the average respondent in class one also had details of 16 (53.3%). The average pain intensity before and after intervention, where the mean value + SD is 0.67 + 0.479–0.27 + 0.450 with p value (P = 0.001 <0.05) which means that there is a difference in the average pain intensity significant before and after therapeutic interventions were given. Celery therapy and abdominal stretching exercise need to be recommended to be used as therapy to treat primary dysmenorrhea in young women at SMAN 1 Watan Soppeng.
CONCLUSION: Based on the results of research and hypotheses, it can be concluded that there are significant differences after therapy which means that the administration of celery therapy and abdominal stretching exercise 3 times before menstruation is more effective in reducing pain.
Risk Factors Analysis and Mapping of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Community Health Centre Tamalatea of Jeneponto District
Authors: Nur Irnawati , Noor Nur Nasry , Salmah Andi Ummu , Mallongi Anwar , Amqam Hasnawati
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem, and in Indonesia, although TB control efforts have been carried out since 1995. TB is ranked 9th as the leading cause of death worldwide. The increase in the number of TB cases caused by risk factors triggering include a decrease in the immune system caused by HIV infection, nutritional status, education, sex, occupation, air humidity, house ventilation, temperature, occupancy density lighting, and contact history.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the relationship of nutritional status, contact history, and smoking to the incidence of pulmonary TB in Community Health Centre Tamalatea of Jeneponto District.
METOHDS: This type of research is analytic observational with a case–control design with a total sample of 147 samples consisting of 49 cases and 98 controls. Data collection was conducted from August to October 2019. Data analysis used in the study was univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-square test.
RESULTS: The results showed that nutritional status (OR=5.403 95% CI: 2.547–11.461), contact history (OR=13.971 95% CI: 3.807–51.262), and smoking (OR=2.782 95% CI: 1.370–5.648) are related to the incidence of pulmonary in Community Health Centre Tamalatea of Jeneponto District. TB officers are expected to intensify the home visit program, especially for pulmonary TB sufferers with a considerable distance from the community health center, with transportation constraints and relatively poor economic conditions so that the health status of pulmonary TB sufferers can be monitored properly.
CONCLUSION: TB officers are expected to intensify the home visit program, especially for pulmonary TB sufferers with a considerable distance from the Puskesmas, with transportation constraints and relatively poor economic conditions so that the health status of pulmonary TB sufferers can be monitored properly.
Correlation Study between Elevation, Population Density, and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Kendari City in 2014–2018
Authors: Istiqamah Siti Nurul Ainun , Arsin Arsunan A. , Salmah Andi Ummu , Mallongi Anwar
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has experienced rapid development throughout the world in recent decades. Indonesia was reported as the 2nd country with the largest DHF cases among 30 endemic countries. Dengue virus can develop properly based on certain regional conditions. The elevation is an important factor that can affect the presence of dengue vector mosquitoes. High population density contributes to dengue transmission by increasing the contact between infected mosquitoes and human hosts.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the correlation between elevation and population density with the incidence of dengue in Kendari City in 2014–2018.
METHODS: This research is an observational analytic study with ecological study design. Data incidence of DHF in 2014–2018, elevation and population density were respectively obtained from the Health Office of Kendari City, Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency of Kendari City, Statistics Agency of Kendari City. The analysis of the data used in the study is univariate and bivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis using Pearson correlation test was performed.
RESULTS: The results showed that the correlation between elevation and DHF (p = 0.014, r = 0.339) and the correlation between population density and DHF (p = 0.186).
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that there is significant correlation with positive direction between elevation and the DHF, and there is no significant correlation between population density and DHF incidence in Kendari City in 2014–2018.
Influence of Patient Experience and Hospital Image on Patient Loyalty in Meloy Public Hospital of Sangatta, East Kutai Regency
Authors: Asmaryadi Asmaryadi , Pasinringi Syahrir A. , Thamrin Yahya , Muis Masyitha
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Patient experience is an indicator in measuring the quality of service by placing patients as the center of service in the hospital.
AIM: This study aimed to analyze the effect of patient experience and hospital image on patient loyalty, as well as the influence of patient experience and hospital image on patient loyalty through patient satisfaction variables in Meloy Public Hospital of Sangatta.
METHODS: The design of this study was analytic observational design with cross-sectional study approach. This research was conducted at Meloy Public Hospital of Sangatta, East Kutai Regency since May to July 2019. The sample of this study was 110 respondents. The samples were taken in each treatment class at hospital by proportional stratified random sampling. In this study we used a questionnaire and univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis using path analysis.
RESULTS: Patient experience affected patient satisfaction, hospital image affected patient satisfaction, patient experience did not directly influence patient loyalty, hospital image directly affected patient loyalty, and patient experience and hospital image indirectly affected loyalty patient through patient satisfaction. To the Meloy Public Hospital of Sangatta to maintain the good image of the hospital in providing services to the patient experience is memorable so that the desire arises to reuse hospital services in the future.
CONCLUSION: Based on research on the Influence of Patient Experience and Hospital Image on Patient Loyalty in Meloy Public Hospital of Sangatta, East Kutai Regency, researchers formulated the following conclusions: Patient experience influences patient satisfaction at the hospital. The image of the hospital has an effect on patient satisfaction at the hospital. Patient experience does not directly affect patient loyalty in the hospital. The image of the hospital has a direct effect on patient loyalty at the hospital. Patient experience and hospital image have an indirect effect on patient loyalty through patient satisfaction at the hospital.
The Legal Responsibility of the Doctor on the Family’s Demand to Stop the Treatment of the Terminal Patient that Causes Death
Authors: Indar Indar , Sampurno Slamet , Samriah Samriah , Arifin Alwy , Mallongi Anwar , Abadi Yusri , Nurhayani Nurhayani
Published: December 2020

AIM: This study aims to determine the responsibility of the doctor and the patient’s right to medical health services and to analyze the termination of the treatment to the terminal patient, as well as to analyze the form of legal liability of the doctor related to discontinuation of the treatment that causes death. The research is a normative-empirical approach.
METHOD: The method was qualitative descriptive.
RESULTS: The results showed that the legal liability between the doctor’s responsibility and the right of patient in medical health care was private as well as public that subject to the legal regime of health. The form of legal relationship between doctors and patients was an agreement known as the medical consent (informed consent). Determination of an error by a doctor on the discontinuation of the treatment of patients at the request of the family on terminal patient that causes death was determined by several indicators such as the severity of an error, the medical discipline through medical error, and unprofessional behavior. In the criminal law, a doctor was determined guilty by actus reus and mens rea.
CONCLUSION: The responsibility of the doctor on the discontinuation of the treatment of patients at the request of the family on terminal patient that causes death was professional responsibility, among others, the ethical responsibility (referred to objective theory) and the discipline responsibility (referred to mix theory) MKEK and MKDKI would sue the medical profession on legal liability (criminal) referred to the theory of retaliation, however, the judge would confirm the sentence to the doctor.
The Impact of His Frequency and Religiosity toward Prolonged Second Stage and its Impact of the Placenta Separation in Maternity at Siti Fatimah Hospital Makassar
Authors: Marwang Sumarni , Masni Masni , Stang Stang , Mallongi Anwar , Sudirman Jumrah , Triananinsi Nurhidayat
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: The impact of his frequency and religiosity toward the prolonged second stage and its impact of the placenta separation in maternity at Siti Fatimah Mother and Children Hospital of Makassar.
AIM: This research is conducted in which health and normal factors result in the labor process will take place spontaneous.
METHODS: This study used observational analytic research in a cross-sectional study design. A total sample in this study was 60 respondents using the Lemeshow sample size formula and the sampling technique used consecutive sampling. Data analysis used path analysis with SPSS version 22.00.
RESULTS: The results showed that the frequency of his had an impact on the prolonged second stage with p = 0.046, the frequency of his had no direct impact on the placenta separation with a value of p = 0.313, and the frequency of his had the largest indirect effect on the placenta separation through the prolonged second stage of −0.132 or only −13.2%. Religiosity affected prolonged second stage with a p = 0.037. Religiosity did not have a direct impact on the placenta separation with a value of p = 0.991 and religiosity had the largest indirect effect on the placenta separation through prolonged second stage only −0.148 or −14.8%. In addition, the prolonged second stage had a significant impact on the placenta separation with a value of p = 0.000.
CONCLUSION: His frequency and religiosity affect prolonged second stage but do not directly affect the placenta separation in primigravida at Siti Fatimah Mother and Children Hospital of Makassar.
Accuracy of Actual Weight Measurement Using Upper arm Circumference in South Sulawesi Ethnics
Authors: Citrakesumasari Citrakesumasari , Kurniati Yessy , Arundhana Andi Imam , Salam Abdul
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Assessment of nutritional status in hospital patients is important to do. However, due to the patient’s condition, the measurement must use an estimation formula. This study wanted to know the accuracy of the measurement of body weight from the formula commonly used in hospitals.
AIM: This study wants to see how accurate the actual body weight predictions are based on measurements of UAC in the ethnics in the province of South Sulawesi.
METHODS: The design of this study was cross-sectional. The population of this study was young adults aged 20–29 years. Number of sample is 896 respondents. Sampling consists of 2 stages, namely sample area and research sample. The sampling used was systematic random sampling. The sample size in this study was calculated using the Stanley Lemeshow formula.
RESULTS: The results showed that the formula used to predict the patient’s weight, if the formula is calculated using the formula 100% Patient Upper Arm Circumference (PUAC), it is suitable for ethnic Bugis and Mandar male. The formula 90% PUAC is suitable for ethnic Bugis and Mandar and male ethnic Makassarese and Toraja. The formula 85% is suitable for women for all ethnicities.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the accuracy of measuring body weight depends on gender and ethnicity, so it is expected that health practitioners in the hospital can adjust the use of formulas according to gender and ethnicity.
Analysis of Cancer Patients Characteristics and the Self-ruqyah Treatment to the Patients Spiritual Life Quality
Authors: Satrianegara M. Fais , Mallongi Anwar
Published: December 2020

AIM: The research aimed is to analyze the characteristics of cancer patients and the self-ruqyah treatment to the spiritual life quality among patients.
METHODS: The research used the analytical observation studies with 20 respondents who were selected using the purposive sampling technique. In the research, the depression was measured with the beck depression inventory and the quality of life was measured with (FACT-G) and the spiritual life quality with FACIT Sp.12 (the functional assessment of the chronic illness therapy spiritual) on the case (experimental). Namely, 10 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy who participated in the self-ruqyah treatment program and the control group, namely 10 patients who did not participate in program. After 25 days, the cancer patients of both groups were examined their cortisol saliva and were measured their levels of depression, life quality, and spiritual life quality.
RESULTS: This study illustrates that the number of cancer patients are more female (65%) than male (35%). Then, the risk of the age group, then the age range most often found in this study is the age range of 40–49 years which is as much as 55%, then the age of 50–59 (25%) and the rest in the young age group (20%). The number of respondents sampled in this study was mostly found in the middle/junior high school education gap of 40%, not at school or elementary school at 35% and respondents who had a Strata education of 25%. Most all patients who were sampled in this study had a permanent job of 30% as civil servants or 25% private, the rest stopped working because of suffering from this disease as much as 30%.
CONCLUSION: There are differences in the average value of quality of life in cancer patients who do independent ruqyah therapy and who do not do ruqyah independently.