bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Gender-Based Violence: How Incels Justify and Encourage Sexualized Violence Against Women
Authors: Gosse Meghan , Halpin Michael , Maguire Finlay
Published: September 2024

This study examines how involuntarily celibate (“incels”) men justify gender-based and sexualized violence against women. Based on an analysis of 22,060 discussion board comments, we argue that: (1) incel justifications of sexualized violence are tied to their perception of gender relations, (2) incels justify sexual assault as a form of revenge for their incel status, and (3) incels misuse science to argue that women enjoy sexual assault. Adapting the concept of “stochastic terrorism,” we argue that incels and similar communities produce stochastic gender-based violence, wherein communities justify and encourage acts of violence. Findings are discussed in relation to gender-based violence, rape culture, masculinities theory, and policy.
Local Democracy in America: How Access, Competition, and Place Shape Turnout in Mayoral Races
Authors: Marschall Melissa , Lappie John
Published: September 2024

The vast majority of the roughly half-million elected officials in the U.S. occupy local offices, however, research examining how they get elected to remains scant. The present study examines turnout in local elections, focusing on the effects of electoral rules, the competitiveness of local races, and whether and how place matters. Based on a sample of roughly 10,000 mayoral elections, this study represents the most systematic empirical analysis of local turnout to date. While we find substantial differences in turnout across rural towns, suburbs, and central cities, these differences are largely explained by electoral and contextual factors that are unevenly distributed across the local landscape. Though election timing is far and away the most important factor, uncontested mayoral races, local elections in states with restrictive voting laws as well as those mid-sized municipalities are associated with significantly lower turnout.
Safety of intramuscular tixagevimab-cilgavimab (Evusheld®) administration in patients at risk of iatrogenic haematoma due to haematological disorders
Authors: Malherbe Jacques A. J. , Misko Jeanie , Jayawardena Nishani K. , Rawlins Matthew D. M. , Manning Laurens , Purtill Duncan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Traditionally, intramuscular (IM) injections have been avoided in patients with haematological diseases due to the risk of iatrogenic haematoma. Tixagevimab-cilgavimab (Evusheld®) is a novel monoclonal antibody combination used as preexposure prophylaxis against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), for those at highest risk of severe infections. It is delivered as two separate IM injections (1.5 mL each). Patients with haematological disease are at higher risk for severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, which may be partially abrogated by the prophylactic inoculation of tixagevimab-cilgavimab.

Methods

A combined retrospective and prospective study of patients under the haematology service at a large metropolitan hospital receiving tixagevimab-cilgavimab was conducted. Tixagevimab-cilgavimab was administered IM to all patients, with platelet and factor replacement provided according to local protocols. Patients completed a numerical pain score daily for seven days following the injection, with scores ≥4/10 prompting an ultrasound to identify iatrogenic gluteal haematomas.

Results

The study recruited 131 patients; 66 patients were thrombocytopenic, including 10 patients with a platelet count <30 × 109/L. Fourteen patients (10.7%) received a single platelet transfusion prior to tixagevimab-cilgavimab administration, while two patients received fresh frozen plasma. No gluteal haematomas were identified, and only two patients reported an initial pain score of ≥4/10.

Conclusions

The intramuscular administration of tixagevimab-cilgavimab in patients with haematological diseases was well tolerated and was not associated with iatrogenic haematoma.
Local and systemic side effects of COVID-19 vaccine in Tunisian cancer patients: A prospective single center study
Authors: Ben Kridis Wala , Boudawara Olfa , Khanfir Afef
Published: September 2024

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the local and systemic side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine in cancer patients.

Methods

we conducted a cross-sectional study including cancer patients treated at Habib Bourguiba Hospital in Sfax, Tunisia between January and March 2022. Patients should have received at least 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.

Results

We interviewed a total of 106 patients, of which 80.2% were actively treated. Mean age was 52.52. Patients were vaccinated by the Pfizer/BioNTech in 59.8% and the Oxford/AstraZeneca in 22.5%. The most frequent grade 1 or 2 adverse events occurring within 7 days were: pain at injection site (71.7%) and fatigue (38.7%). Only 2 patients developed grade 3 toxicity following vaccination. The most systemic side effects were fatigue (35.8%), fever (25.4%), headache (16.9%) and arthralgia (15.1%). They were more common after the first dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine compared to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine (69.6% vs 42.6%; p = 0.03). Risk of any grade toxicity (local or systemic) following the first dose was correlated with female sex (p = 0.033).

Conclusion

Our study showed that systemic side effects were more common after the first dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine compared to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in cancer patient, with the predominance of any grade of local or systemic toxicity in women.
A Double Negative: Capitalizing on Assessment Regressivity
Authors: Hodge Timothy R. , Komarek Timothy M. , McAllister Andrew
Published: September 2024

We estimate the degree to which tax inequity generated through property tax assessment practices are capitalized into residential property values. Our analysis not only evaluates whether property buyers understand the tax obligations they are likely to face at the purchase of their property, we also document varying effects based on assessment status. Overassessed, lower-valued property sell for a discount and underassessed, higher-valued property sell for a premium. Specifically, overassessed property sells for an undercapitalized discount of 13%, while underassessed property sells for overcapitalized premiums equal more than 10%. Together, our results imply assessment practices impact wealth both during and after property ownership, potentially widening the wealth gap between high- and low-income homeowners.
The Local “Salad Bar” of Hate: Global Hegemonic Masculinity in Australia’s Extreme Right
Authors: Cochrane Brandy , Smith Debra , Spaaij Ramon , Kernot David
Published: September 2024

This paper examines a local manifestation of extreme right political mobilisation in Australia from the standpoint of Connell and Messerschmidt's (2005) global hegemonic masculinity. Using Messerschmidt and Rohde’s (2018) methods for analysing violent extremists’ public statements, we examine public blog posts by “The Lads [sic] Society” to scrutinise the relationship between local advocacy for a white ethno-state in Australia and global hegemonic masculinities. The analysis finds that localised white nationalism is both a response to, and constituted by, the tensions of global hegemonic masculinity and is, in part, an attempt to reclaim localised white hegemonic masculinity in the face of a multitude of perceived global societal failures. Through the analysis, this paper contributes to Messerschmidt and Rohde’s (2018) claim that various global hegemonic masculinities simultaneously coexist and compete, while pointing to how discursive processes continue to redefine masculinities at the local level. The paper also responds to a broader invitation to incorporate gender analysis into the study of extreme political movements, enabling a more critical understandings of the motivations and experiences of those that participate in them.
Fundamental mechanical relations of open-cell metal foam composite materials with reticular porous structure
Authors: Liu PS
Published: September 2024

The compressive behavior is one of the most fundamental mechanical properties for engineering materials. In this paper, the octahedral structure model of porous materials is used to evolve the mechanical analysis model under compressive loading for the porous composite materials, which are resulted from reticular metal foams with pore struts presenting multilayered structure. Starting from this analysis model, some fundamental mechanical relationships, including those of the safe load-bearing and overall strength, have been deduced for these porous composite materials. The compressive strength has been characterized for the porous composite body, corresponding to the overall failure caused by the prior breakage of the strut core and by the prior breakage of the strut shell, respectively. The nickel foam products manufactured on the production line of enterprise were used to make porous composite materials by coating the pore struts with epoxy resin, and the metal foam composite material was obtained with the composite pore-struts of metal/resin multilayered structure. Using this porous composite material for compression experiments, it is found that the experimental data match well with the mathematical relationship from the present theoretical model. The results verify the feasibility of this analysis model and the practicality of the relevant mathematical relationship.
Bond strength empirical-mathematical equation and optimization of Al1050/AISI304 bilayer sheets fabricated by cold roll bonding method
Authors: Atifeh Seyed Mahdi , Sedighi Mohammad , Hashemi Ramin
Published: September 2024

Nowadays, composite sheets have been increasingly developed in various applications due to their better corrosion and wear resistance as well as higher strength and formability. Of these, Al/SS bilayer sheets have been used in the food and automotive industries due to their favorable performance and low cost. In this research, the bonding strength of Al1050/AISI304 bilayer sheets fabricated by cold roll bonding has been investigated experimentally. At first, the design of the experiment was carried out using the surface response method, taking into account the thickness of the layers and the rolling reduction ratio, bilayer sheet using the rolling bonding method. In this research, for the first time, the bonding strength of Al/SS bilayer sheets fabricated by cold rolling bonding method and its optimization have been investigated. The bond strength was extracted using T peeling test. Then, using the linear regression method, a mathematical-experimental relationship was presented to obtain the peeling strength in terms of the thickness of the layers and the reduction ratio. The obtained results were analyzed using statistical methods and the table of coefficients, the table of residuals and the analysis of variance table of the data related to bond strength were presented and the adequacy of the presented model was examined. The results showed that by reducing the reduction ratio in the cold rolling process and also reducing the initial thickness of the sheets, the bond strength of the bilayer sheet has decreased. Then, bond strength optimization was done as a function of input parameters. The results indicated that the bonding strength reached its maximum level at the thickness of the aluminum layer = 2 mm, the thickness of the stainless-steel layer = 1.3 mm and reduction = 75%.
Classical music education for students: impact on creative thinking about psychology / Enseñanza de música clásica para estudiantes: el impacto en el pensamiento creativo sobre psicología
Authors: Zhang Kun
Published: September 2024

The study aims to identify the expertise of college students in classical music and evaluate individual prerequisites for listening to classical music and their impact on creative thinking in connection with psychological defence among students. The study involved 200 students from a college in China. The Chinese college students’ expertise in music was analysed based on the questionnaire method and the research design. The study revealed the following: prolonged listening to loud music, even classical, develops creative thinking and at the same time can lead to loss of self-control and partial loss of the listener’s sense of reality; music volume correlates with the desire to hear the rhythm and the frequency of music listening; there is a correlation between musical rhythm and the psychological defence mechanisms of substitution, regression, compensation, as well as tension.
The effectiveness of improvisation in the development of creative thinking in dance education / La eficacia de la improvisación en el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la danza
Authors: Chang Zhen
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the effectiveness of improvisation in creative thinking development in dance education. The study used the experimental method, which implies conducting a survey and identifying the level of creative thinking development. The following methods were used to study the level of creativity: the Reisman Diagnostic Assessment of Creativity method, Assessment of the creative potential of an individual, The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). The study was conducted at the School of Music and Dance at Hunan First Normal University. A total of 561 students participated in the study. The findings show there is a statistically significant ( p < .05) difference between the students’ self-assessment of creativity and their level of creativity, instructors’ selected expertise, knowledge level, professional competencies and skills as the primary criteria. The results of the pre-test and post-test show that the indicators of the high level increased from 51% to 61%, and the average level from 27% to 34%. Low-level indicators, on the contrary, decreased from 12% to 5%.
Inferring Diagnostic and Prognostic Gene Expression Signatures Across WHO Glioma Classifications: A Network-Based Approach
Authors: Coletti Roberta , Leiria de Mendonça Mónica , Vinga Susana , Lopes Marta B.
Published: September 2024

Tumor heterogeneity is a challenge to designing effective and targeted therapies. Glioma-type identification depends on specific molecular and histological features, which are defined by the official World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the central nervous system (CNS). These guidelines are constantly updated to support the diagnosis process, which affects all the successive clinical decisions. In this context, the search for new potential diagnostic and prognostic targets, characteristic of each glioma type, is crucial to support the development of novel therapies. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioma RNA-sequencing data set updated according to the 2016 and 2021 WHO guidelines, we proposed a 2-step variable selection approach for biomarker discovery. Our framework encompasses the graphical lasso algorithm to estimate sparse networks of genes carrying diagnostic information. These networks are then used as input for regularized Cox survival regression model, allowing the identification of a smaller subset of genes with prognostic value. In each step, the results derived from the 2016 and 2021 classes were discussed and compared. For both WHO glioma classifications, our analysis identifies potential biomarkers, characteristic of each glioma type. Yet, better results were obtained for the WHO CNS classification in 2021, thereby supporting recent efforts to include molecular data on glioma classification.
Frustrated marriage? The ideological distance of members of congress from their parties in Latin America
Authors: Guedes-Neto João V , Morgenstern Scott
Published: September 2024

Are legislators ideologically close to their co-partisans? And, when not, what policies drive the lack of party unity? To address these questions, we propose two measures of intra-party ideological cohesion: dissonance and frustration. Based on a survey of legislators across 18 Latin American countries, we show that half of the region’s representatives self-identify as substantially far from the mean of their parties (dissonance) and almost 40% perceive large differences (frustration). Relying on a series of statistical tests, we find that these patterns are distinct for left-wing and right-wing legislators. The right is more dissonant than frustrated, and they are also more dissonant than the left. In terms of policy, we show that moral issues drive dissonance and frustration on both sides of the ideological spectrum, but disagreements on economic topics are more correlated with ideological distance for the left than the right. In presenting new measurements of intra-party disagreements, our paper proposes new pathways for the study of party cohesion.
The changing South in presidential elections
Authors: McKee Seth C , Hood MV , Lupton Robert N , Shino Enrijeta , Smith Daniel A
Published: September 2024

We examine presidential elections in the American South. Our empirical starting point is the 2008 election of Democrat Barack Obama. We discuss political dynamics leading up to this historic contest but focus our analysis on the last four elections concluding with the defeat of President Trump in 2020. Tapping into recent southern politics scholarship emphasizing partisan patterns that differ based on population growth (or lack thereof), we show how this factor affects presidential voting with an assemblage of data collected at the state-, county-, and individual-level. We first consider the prominence of presidential Republicanism across the 11 southern states. Next, we delve into these states’ counties to further assess two-party competition in presidential contests. Finally, drawing on Cooperative Election Study (CES) data, controlling for a host of factors, we examine whether varying population rates at the state- and county-level affect presidential preferences. The U.S. South is forever changing, and in presidential politics substantial alterations to its electorate generally favor an emerging Democratic Party.
Intersectional discrimination and EU law: Time to revisit Parris
Authors: Howard Erica
Published: September 2024

In this article it is argued that the CJEU judgment in Parris needs to be revisited to recognise that intersectional discrimination is covered by the EU anti-discrimination Directives. There are several reasons for this. First, a prohibition of intersectional discrimination is now laid down in an EU anti-discrimination Directive (Directive, 2023/970/EC); second, this would fit in with developments in the EU Commission, Council and Parliament; third Parris turns on its own facts; fourth a purposive or capacious interpretation of these Directives already allows for such discrimination to be included in the Directives; fifth, the shift in CJEU case law towards a intra-group comparison for discrimination can make comparisons in intersectional discrimination cases easier. It is argued that without acknowledging that intersectional discrimination is covered by the EU anti-discrimination Directives, victims of such discrimination, like Mr Parris and others, like headscarf wearing women, might be left without a remedy when they suffer discrimination on a combination of grounds.
Judgments toward displays of national (dis)loyalty in members of nations other than one’s own: Universalistic and parochial perspectives
Authors: Amit Adi , Ben-David Yair , Venzhik Eitan
Published: September 2024

National loyalty is viewed as a moral value and a crucial manifestation of national identification. Yet few studies have investigated how people judge (dis)loyalty among members of other (i.e., outgroup) nations. Investigating such judgments helps tease apart two ways of viewing loyalty—through a parochial or universalistic lens. We investigate symbolic expressions of (dis)loyalty within the context of US–China tensions (Study 1, N = 603 and N = 111), and concrete acts of (dis)loyalty within the context of Israel–Iran tensions (Study 2, N = 300; Study 3, N = 217). We expose differential judgments toward members of one’s own nation versus other nations, reflecting a parochial view of loyalty, which is strengthened by conservation values. At the same time, we show that loyalty is valued even in members of adversary nations, expressing a universalistic view of loyalty, especially when the interests of the ingroup are not involved.
Multi-experimental seismic analysis of low-rise thin reinforced concrete wall building with unconnected elastomeric isolators using real-time hybrid simulations
Authors: Castillo Torres Bryan , Artunduaga Triviño Eivar A , Marulanda Casas Johannio , Ortiz Albert R , Thomson Peter
Published: September 2024

In response to the pressing need for housing and streamlining construction processes, the building industry has embraced innovative construction techniques. One such method, known as the Industrialized Housing Construction (IHC) system, departs from traditional framing systems by utilizing thin-reinforced concrete walls (TRCW). These TRCWs, characterized by high flowability and rapid strength gain, enable quick and efficient monolithic construction of walls and slabs. However, challenges have arisen regarding the structural behavior of these elements, potentially compromising their seismic performance. Given the significant seismic risk, there is a compelling need to develop resilient buildings by using this cost-efficient structural system. This study proposes the use of passive control systems such as base isolation to address this problem. While base isolation has proven effective in other countries, its feasibility in structures using TRCW and its performance during actual seismic events warrants further investigation. This paper presents an innovative approach using Multi-Axial Real-Time Hybrid Simulation (M-RTHS), which combines numerical and experimental components to gain deeper insights into the seismic response of low-rise TRCW buildings with base isolation using unconnected fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (U-FREIs). The methodology is detailed and includes the division of the structure into numerical and experimental segments and the use of transfer systems to replicate real seismic excitations, including those from El Centro (USA, 1940), Pizarro (Colombia, 2004), Chihuahua (Mexico, 2013), Loma Prieta (USA, 1989), and Kobe (Japan, 1995), with a maximum amplitude of 7.36 [Formula: see text] (0.75 g). The results highlight a remarkable reduction in upper structure floor drifts of over 57.47%, the characterization of the behavior and energy dissipation of each experimental specimen, and the optimal evaluation of M-RTHS. This research paves the way for improving the seismic resistance of buildings in regions prone to seismic activity, especially those using innovative construction methods such as TRCW.
Thick-wire GMAW for fusion welding of high-strength steels
Authors: Neumann M. , Haelsig A. , Hoefer K. , Hensel J.
Published: September 2024

The paper describes a high-current Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process using wire electrodes with diameters up to 4.0 mm for single-pass full penetration butt joint welding of 20 mm thick steel plates. Fundamental research aims to develop thick-wire GMAW into a high-efficiency method by identifying the limits of welding performance and achievable deposition rates. Current gaps in understanding include equipment requirements, process properties, application fields, and weld quality. The research project addresses these gaps through systematic investigations of basic technological analyses, application sample welding, and quality evaluations. The objective was to create a robust, cost-efficient gas-shielded high-performance welding technology with deposition rates comparable to Submerged Arc Welding. The fully mechanized, automatic welding setup included two parallel-connected welding power sources, one wire feeder and one high-power welding torch. Welding parameters and conditions were evaluated with the aim of achieving a high-quality weld. Optimal parameters were identified for one-sided single-pass welding on 20 mm thick plates. Validation of thick-wire GMAW for 20 mm thick high-strength steels was conducted via two-sided single-pass welding on S690Q grade plates. Testing of the weld joint included static tensile strength test (3x tensile specimen), a Charpy impact test at −40 °C (6x Charpy V-notch specimens respectively with notch position in weld metal, base material and heat-affected zone (HAZ)), microstructure examination and a hardness test. The lowest recorded impact energy was observed to be 50 J within the weld metal, in combination with hardness peaks in the HAZ reaching 415 HV1, and all tensile specimens failing outside the HAZ within the base material. The process achieved reliable, reproducible, and economical joint welding, meeting necessary mechanical-technological quality standards. The paper enhances the understanding of selected welding techniques tor thick plate joining and offers valuable industrial insights, demonstrating the technique's applicability and feasibility for high-strength applications.
Managing expression and hand holding in The Good Wife: how ‘leaning in’ demands emotional labour
Authors: Ford Jessica
Published: September 2024

The Good Wife takes a seemingly feminist approach to the well-known media narrative of the disgraced politician and his stoic forgiving wife. The CBS series is widely understood as embodying neoliberal feminism akin to that of Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead. While The Good Wife predates the publication of Lean In, its protagonist Alicia Florrick (Julianna Margulies) is a proto-Sandberg who thrives in a cut-throat corporate environment thanks to her capacity to bring the skills she cultivated as a mother and political wife into her restarted law career. Alicia's corporate success is enabled by her defence of her husband's actions in the media, capacity to emotionally manipulate colleagues and clients, influence over jury members and witnesses and the suppression of her feelings for the benefit of her employers, clients and family. This article argues that The Good Wife makes apparent the centrality of emotional labour to neoliberal feminism, whereby traditionally feminised ‘soft’ skills like care work, emotion management, negotiation, relationship building and persuasion are put to work for capitalist success . In The Good Wife, ‘managing expression’ and ‘hand holding’ are key to Alicia's corporate success, highlighting how under neoliberal feminism, emotion is both labour and liability.
Understanding Booking.com’s rating drop in the context of online hotel reviews
Authors: Martin-Fuentes Eva , Mellinas Juan Pedro , Mateu Carles
Published: September 2024

This study examines the new Booking.com rating system, which has suffered a significant drop in scores awarded to accommodation. We aim to determine the extent of these declines and identify the factors that make them more pronounced in some hotels than in others. Our findings reveal a consistent, much more significant drop in scores than reflected in recently published studies that minimized the effects of the changes. Contrary to the predictions made in other studies, the highest-rated hotels have also suffered drops in their scores. Machine learning models identified “facilities” as the item that plays the most relevant role in consumers’ global satisfaction and contributes to predicting the magnitude of drops in scores with the new system. Implications for both hoteliers and academics utilizing Booking.com’s score data are identified, particularly for studies comparing data from different periods.
Promoting halal tourism in sharia-compliant destination: Insights on aceh competitiveness and tourist perceived value and behavior
Authors: Hariani Dina , Hanafiah Mohd Hafiz , Anuar Nor Asmalina Mohd , Ahmad Khairun Najiah
Published: September 2024

This empirical study examines the interplay among tourists’ perceptions of Halal tourism competitiveness in Aceh and their perceived value, satisfaction, trust, and destination loyalty, expanding Porter structural approach and Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. Based on data collected from 256 inbound tourists, the findings reveal that Halal food service and social environments significantly bolster perceived value, while Halal-friendly facilities do not. Additionally, tourist satisfaction is a vital precursor to trust, significantly affecting loyalty and revisit intention. Satisfaction and trust significantly mediate between perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty. The study underscores the critical influence of Halal food service and social environments on perceived value in Halal tourism. It highlights practical implications for hospitality providers to enhance service quality and atmosphere tailored to Muslim tourists’ preferences. This research confirms the significant impact of Halal-specific factors on perceived value, offering unique insights into consumer behavior within Halal tourism, particularly in Muslim-majority regions like Aceh.
Sustaining organizational trust among restaurant employees after the crisis: Insights from a developing country
Authors: Le Anh Thi Tu , Nguyen Loan Thi Phuong , Nguyen Quyen Thi Tu
Published: September 2024

Sustaining trustful employee-organization relationships and improving job satisfaction are always significant challenges for managers, especially in the restaurant industry. For the purpose of fathoming the value of trust, an analytical framework examining organizational trust as an explanatory mechanism through which various organizational conditions influence job satisfaction has been proposed based on the guidance of the social exchange theory. Analysis of survey data from 302 restaurant employees in a celebrated tourist destination of Vietnam have shown both direct and indirect impacts of transformational leadership, internal communication, and career growth on job satisfaction via enhanced trust. Together these main findings have contributed to academic research on employees’ attitudes within the organization and provided a blueprint for creating a congenial working condition for employees in restaurant businesses, which results in employee trust towards their organizations and job satisfaction.
A consistent model of the initiation, early expansion, and possible extinction of a spark-ignited flame kernel
Authors: Pretto Marco , Giannattasio Pietro , De Betta Enrico , Bozza Fabio
Published: September 2024

Modelling the establishment and growth of spark-ignited (SI) flame kernels has always been a topic of great interest, especially due to their key role in affecting the performance of SI engines. A major issue is that the unsteady conditions and the small kernel size hinder the application of the typical (both linear and non-linear) flame stretch correlations, valid only long after the ignition stage. Overcoming such limitations, this work presents a novel, mathematically consistent, and compact model that enables prediction of flame kernel initiation and early expansion, including its possible extinction. Firstly, spark-driven initiation models from literature are discussed, and an effective flame kernel initiation method is proposed. Then, the expansion model is defined complementing the mass, energy, and species conservation equations for the spherical kernel with the reactant and temperature profiles outside of it using the theory of transient thermodiffusive flames. After accounting for the convective flow caused by the combustion-induced density reduction and the variable thermodynamic properties of the reacting fuel/air mixture, the result is a two-equation model that predicts the kernel expansion even up to its possible extinction due to flame stretch. After calibration of the expansion model, successful validation is achieved against literature data on lean propane/air flames, and the influence of the model parameters is examined in detail. The proposed expansion model is formulated also aiming for inclusion into the simulation of combustion in SI engines, enabling more accurate predictions at part loads, as well as more effective estimation of the cycle-to-cycle variation thanks to the good model sensitivity to the parameters most affecting the ignition.
A Review of Academic Use of the Term “Minor Attracted Persons”
Authors: Farmer Christina , Salter Michael , Woodlock Delanie
Published: September 2024

Although it originated within online pro-pedophile groups, the term “minor attracted person” (MAPs) has been adopted by some academic researchers as a neutral and non-stigmatizing alternative to the term “pedophile.” The transferral of this term from pedophile advocates to academic scholarship has been highly controversial. Claims that the use of the term “minor attracted people” normalizes or endorses pedophilia deserve closer scrutiny. This paper is based on a rapid evidence review of all peer-reviewed papers between 2015 and 2023 that used variants of the term “minor attracted” in their title and/or abstract. After screening, 30 studies were identified for review. Our analysis took a thematic approach to understanding the construction and use of the term MAPs in this scholarship. The analysis found that the term MAPs was operationalized in different and contradictory ways, however, the literature broadly agreed that MAPs constitute an oppressed sexual minority who are subject to undue stigmatization and discrimination. We point to the similarities between this sympathetic framing of MAPs and the political goals of the pro-pedophile advocacy groups that created the term MAPs, and from which many MAPs studies recruit their research participants. The review concludes that, in the absence of adequate self-reflexivity and awareness of bias, academic collaborations with pro-pedophile groups can produce work that minimizes the risk and harm of child sexual abuse and has the potential to delegitimize child sexual abuse prevention and treatment efforts.
Endovascular Management of a Chronic Type A Aortic Dissection: Case Report
Authors: Al-Osail Emad M. , Le Houérou Thomas , Gaudin Antoine , Costanzo Alessandro , Fabre Dominique , Haulon Stephan
Published: September 2024

Iatrogenic type A aortic dissection following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is a life-threatening complication, with reported incidence rates ranging from 1.3% to 6.8%. Urgent open surgical repair is recommended when this complication occurs. In the present case, surgery was not performed at the onset of symptoms in a 61-year-old female initially treated with TEVAR for an acute type B aortic dissection. She was referred to our center 3 months later with a chronic type A dissection with the primary entry tear located in the arch. In this very fragile patient, we performed an endovascular repair with an arch branched endograft in combination with surgical debranching of the right carotid and left subclavian arteries.

Clinical Impact

Branched endograft exclusion of chronic type A dissections resulting from a TEVAR complication is a minimally-invasive approach to consider in very fragile patients to mitigate the potential risks associated with conventional open surgical repair.
Transit Safety of Women in Rural-Urban Contexts
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Sundling Catherine , Gliori Gabriel
Published: September 2024

Sexual harassment and other forms of transit crime are everyday occurrences for women and girls around the world. The absence of safety hampers the ability of numerous women to engage freely in school, employment, and public activities without being alert. This research explores women’s safety experiences, particularly focusing on young women in diverse rural and urban environments. We utilized chi-square analysis and regression models to analyze data obtained from a survey distributed to railway passengers in 2022 across neighboring municipalities in southern central Sweden. Findings show that being young makes women more likely to be victimized. Although rural women feel safer than their urban counterparts, they are more often willing to take precautionary measures before taking a trip (e.g., more often traveling with someone in the evening or avoiding certain stations). These findings call for gender-age-sensitive mobility policies, taking into account the intersectionality of transit safety, and reflecting women’s and girls’ safety needs in particular rural contexts.
Alternative hybrid access in endovascular neurosurgery: Scoping review and technical considerations
Authors: Costa Matias , Vivanco-Suarez Juan , O’Leary Sean , D’Souza Preston , Nunna Ravi , Luzzi Sabino , Casanova-Martinez Daniel , Patel Akshal
Published: September 2024

Background

The common femoral artery and radial artery constitute the most common access sites in contemporaneous endovascular neurosurgery. Oftentimes, it may be impossible to reach the vascular target safely due to different circumstances, necessitating alternative approaches. We aim to review these “last resource” access sites described in the literature, focusing on the technical aspects as a convenient reference.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed capturing articles from 1958 to 2022.

Results

We identified nine alternative approaches for endovascular access, after excluding direct carotid stick: superficial temporal artery access in 60 patients, calvarial foramina access in five patients, occipital artery access in seven patients, middle meningeal artery access in six patients, vertebral artery access in 23 patients and external carotid artery, internal maxillary artery, facial artery or lingual artery in 40 patients. Indications for the use of alternative access points included tortuous or occluded vessels, small vessel calibers, or anatomic variation. Pathologies treated included dural arteriovenous fistulas, arteriovenous malformations, intracranial aneurysms, acute stroke, and intracranial stenosis. Diagnostic brain angiograms were also performed.

Conclusions

Alternative vascular access routes expand the proceduralists' toolkit, enhancing the capability to manage complex cerebrovascular interventions. This review advocates for a broader understanding and consideration of these techniques, given their potential to significantly increase treatment options in neuroendovascular surgery.
Characteristics of deploying longitudinal folding wings with compound actuation
Authors: Zhao Jinlei , Cui Tianning , Zhao Hong , Qin Qinghua
Published: September 2024

A mechanism has been developed to achieve rapid deployment of longitudinally folding wings by utilizing compound actuation from the firing powder and the compressive spring. A theoretical model based on rigid-body dynamics was first proposed to study the deployment characteristics of longitudinal folding wings under compound-driven effects. Subsequently, deployment experiments were conducted using a prototype to validate the theoretical model. It was observed that the folding wings are deployed in 11 ms. Further parametric analysis indicates that the mass of both the propellant and the locking rod has a positive effect on the deploying velocity. However, the angular moment of inertia of folding wings has a negative effect on the initial angular velocity. This work can be helpful for designing the folding wing structures of missiles and aircrafts.
Unmanned aerial vehicle landing localization technology based on visual dual-channel uniqueness coding
Authors: Liu Wei , Shao Jiajun , Yang Yanxi , Zhang Shihao
Published: September 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mainly uses GPS (Global Positioning System) for positioning, but it is difficult to locate in areas where GPS signal is missing or being disturbed. Therefore, the relative positioning technology based on visual method is also widely used in UAV landing, but due to the influence of cross wind and the motion of the landing plane, the traditional visual landing sign and positioning method is prone to lose the positioning target at the end stage of the landing. Therefore, this article proposes a landing sign based on double-layer unique coding, which can realize continuous positioning in the horizontal direction and accurate positioning of large-scale changes in the vertical direction. Firstly, real-time image acquisition and image processing are carried out through the airborne camera. Based on the flight altitude and encoding extraction effect of the UAV, the red or blue channel component is extracted, and then the image is preprocessed, edge detection, line detection, coding grid extraction, etc. As long as any 5 × 5 small squares of the whole pattern can be extracted, the perspective-n-point algorithm is used to obtain the relative pose estimation between the UAV and the landing sign. Experiments show that the landing sign and recognition algorithm effectively improve the UAV landing reliability.
Problematising anabolic-androgenic steroids in Australian media: Violence, crime and disordered masculinity
Authors: van de Ven Katinka , Fomiatti Renae
Published: September 2024

As anabolic-androgenic steroid use has become more mainstream, so has media reporting on steroid-related problems and harms. The media is a particularly important site in shaping the social meanings of alcohol and other drug use, yet no research to date has focused on media representations of steroids and their effects. Informed by Bacchi’s post-structural method of problematisation analysis, we examine how the Australian news media problematises steroids and significant political effects produced by dominant problematisations. Australian news articles from 37 sources were electronically collected via the Factiva database during 2022, with 151 articles included in the final sample. In this article, we focus on the three most significant themes across the data. First, we analyse how steroid use is problematised in relation to alcohol use in public and men’s ‘natural’inclination to violence. We then explore how steroid supply and distribution is problematised as a matter of organised crime. Lastly, we analyse how steroid using subjects are constituted in relation to disordered masculinity and psychopathology, producing a range of negative material effects for consumers. We conclude by arguing that such media reporting is active in the normalisation of policies and interventions focused on pathologizing or criminalising individuals. As a result, the need for other credible policy responses, such as strategies for addressing steroid-related stigma, harm reduction policies and decriminalisation, tend to be ignored.
Psychological distress and coping strategies in breast cancer patients under neoadjuvant therapy: A systematic review
Authors: Omari Majid , Amaadour Lamiae , El Asri Achraf , Benbrahim Zineb , Mellas Nawfel , El Rhazi Karima , Ragala Mohammed El Amine , El Hilaly Jaouad , Halim Karima , Zarrouq Btissame
Published: September 2024

Background:

During neoadjuvant therapy (NAT), patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) experience psychological distress (PD) and adopt appropriate coping strategies.

Objective:

This systematic review aimed to examine the prevalence and changes in PD and coping strategies in patients with LABC during NAT and to evaluate effective interventions to reduce their PD.

Design:

Quantitative (cross-sectional, longitudinal, and interventional) and qualitative studies reporting PD and coping strategies related to NAT during LABC were included.

Data sources and methods:

PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science databases were consulted to gather relevant literature from the first publications until July 25, 2023. Selection was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results:

A total of 41 articles were included, of which four were qualitative. The main results showed that the prevalence of depression before NAT ranged from 0% to 46% and that of anxiety from 5.5% to 54%. After NAT, the prevalence of depression ranged from 40% to 78.5% and anxiety accounted for 27%. Additionally, PD decreased during NAT. The main determinants of PD were perceived social support, living in joint families, being affected by COVID-19 infection, delays in diagnosis, and starting neoadjuvant treatment. For coping strategies, after NAT, “resigned coping” decreased, whereas “social support” increased, and active coping strategies were correlated with better PD. Some interventions found a reduction in PD, such as a mobile health application, fasting-mimicking diet, relaxation training, and guided imaging.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the importance of considering PD and coping strategies in patients with LABC from diagnosis to the end of NAT. The results suggest that effective psychological interventions should be implemented.
Pregnancy outcomes in renal transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Saqlain , Noorani Amber , Abdul Rasool Aniqa , Tashrifwala Fatema Ali Asgar , Jayaram Shubha , Raja Sandesh , Jawed Fatima , Siddiq Muhammad Usama , Shivappa Sowmya Govindanahalli , Hameed Ishaque , Dadana Sriharsha
Published: September 2024

Background:

Kidney transplantation is a superior treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), compared with hemodialysis, offering better quality of life and birth outcomes in women with ESRD and lower fertility rates.

Objectives:

To investigate the pregnancy, maternal, fetal, and graft outcomes following kidney transplantation in women with ESRD and evaluate the improvements in quality of life and associated risks.

Design:

A systematic review and meta-analysis performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.

Data Sources and Methods:

A thorough search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ATC abstracts, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, was conducted to identify studies that analyzed pregnancy outcomes in kidney transplant patients. The search was conducted from the inception of each database to January 2023.

Results:

The study reviewed 109 studies that evaluated 7708 pregnancies in 5107 women who had undergone renal transplantation. Of these, 78.48% resulted in live births, 9.68% had induced abortion, and 68.67% had a cesarean section. Miscarriage occurred in 12.54%, preeclampsia in 20.87%, pregnancy-induced hypertension in 24.30%, gestational diabetes in 5.08%, and preterm delivery in 45.30% of cases. Of the 853 recipients, 123 had graft loss after pregnancy and 8.06% suffered acute rejection.

Conclusion:

Pregnancy after kidney transplantation is associated with risks for mother and fetus; however, live births are still possible. In addition, there are reduced overall risks of stillbirths, miscarriages, neonatal deaths, and gestational diabetes.

Registration:

PROSPERO (CRD42024541659).