bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the immune system activity and the bacterial vaginosis development
Authors: Hruzevskyi O. A. , Minukhin V. V. , Vastyanov R. S.
Published: February 2021

The main cause of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is immunodeficiency which is both systemic and local in nature and increases in parallel to a dysbiosis grade deepening. It is of great importance to link the indicators of BV-associated microbiota with individual indicators of systemic immune responses. The aim of the study is to establish a relationship between the immune system state and the development of various grades bacterial dysbiosis and BV. The study selected 298 women, who were divided into groups according to the index of conditionally pathogenic microflora (ICPM): in normocenosis ICPM was lower than -3 lg GE/sample (n = 53); in grade I dysbiosis it was from -3 to -1 lg GE/sample (n = 128); and in grade II dysbiosis (BV) it was more than -1 lg GE/sample (n = 117). Molecular-genetic studies of the scraping of epithelium from the posterolateral vaginal paries were performed using the method of polymerase chain reaction (DNA technology, RF). Optional and obligate anaerobes, myco- and ureplasms and yeast fungi were quantified. Content in the blood of fractions of T-and B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, cytokines, complement, lymphocyte phagocytic activity (LPA), 21 indicators in total) were determined using standard immunological methods. Interrelation between the microbial biocenosis with the considered indicators was studied using the regression analysis (Statistica 10; StatSoft, Inc.,USA).In normocenosis, normobiota indicator (NBI) was determined by activation of complement (C4), PA – as well by activation of complement (C3) and by content of sIgA in blood; ObA and YF – by γ-INF level, and YF – also by IL8, IL10 and sIgA levels; ICPM effective value was determined by the number of CD22+ lymphocytes. In grade I dysbiosis, NBI depended on the number of CD22+ lymphocytes, IL6, IgM, IgG, LPI, CIC, IL10, which indicated the implementation of various mechanisms and involvement of almost all of the immune system levers to compensate for dysbiosis at the beginning of its formation. In grade I dysbiosis, ObA amount was also affected by IL6 and IL10, and MU amount – by IL1β and IgG. In grade II dysbiosis, no factors affected NBI, which indicated that the dysbiotic processes went beyond the control of the immune system. Content of IL1β in blood reflected a shift of the ICPM: when its level exceeded 24.6 pg/ml, grade II dysbiosis was present; at IL1β level from 9.6 pg/ml to 24.6 pg/ml – it was grade I dysbiosis, and at IL1β level less than 9.6 pg/ml – it was normocenosis. Factors, which anaerobic dysbiosis was the trigger for, were activation of the humoral immunity (IgG secretion) and IL10 increase.General analysis of the interrelation between the immune system indicators with the number of pathogenic microbiota revealed the development of systemic combined immunodeficiency and “slipping” of the most pathogenic microorganisms out of the control of the immune system.
Particular paraclinical indices in newborn sepsis patients whose parents constantly lived in different environmental conditions
Authors: Vlasova Olena Vasylivna
Published: February 2021

Xenobiotics can have a variety of effects on the human body, and especially on the course of intrauterine development. Numerous researchers point out that it is the nature of the environment that can negatively affect the course of certain diseases in both children and adults. Neonatal sepsis is one of the most serious diseases in neonatology practice. And, in our opinion, the topic of the influence of adverse environmental factors on the features of sepsis in newborns depending on the ecological situation of their parents' habitats is unclarified.The research aims at the particular paraclinical indices in children with neonatal sepsis whose parents constantly lived in different environmental conditions.Material and methods. To study the aim, a comprehensive survey of 260 newborns who suffered from neonatal sepsis in 2016-2018 was conducted. The groups have been formed based on the complex evaluation of the prolonged influence of the anthropogenic pollution of air, water and soil on the body of parents of newborns in the parts of the region. The ecological risk coefficient (ERC) has been proposed concerning the environmental situation in the regional centers. Thus, the first clinical group (the main group) included neonatal sepsis patients whose parents permanently lived in parts with an ERC of 2.0 or more and with unfavorable environmental characteristics of the regional center. The second group (comparison) was formed by newborns with sepsis, whose parents permanently lived in areas with a low risk of adverse effects of these environmental factors on their body (ERC<2.0).Results and discussion. The content of interleukins-6, -8.-10, C-reactive protein, presepsin and procalcitonin in the blood serum of patients with neonatal sepsis showed the activity of the systemic inflammatory response of the body to an infectious agent. It should be noted that high serum levels of interleukin-10, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, was more often registered in patients of the I clinical group. Thus, the blood content of this interleukin 35.0 pg/ml occurred in the newborn of the main group in 23.7% of cases, and in children of the comparison group – in 18.1% of observations. Along with a clearer identification of high levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 inpatients of the I group, a significant decrease in serum concentrations of immunoglobulins of classes A, G, M was observed in these newborns.Conclusions. The decrease in the level of the above serum immunoglobulins is probably due to the immunosuppressive effect of xenobiotics on the fetus, whose mother was under the conditions of long-term action of xenobiotics. This, in turn, reduces the resistance of the newborn body to infection and contributes to a more severe course of the infectious process. Probably, the more severe manifestations of neonatal sepsis in newborns of the I clinical group are partly due to a combination of decreased immunoglobulin synthesis and increased interleukin-10 production.
Interaction between diabetes-associated disorders of the salivary glands and oral mucosa (literature review)
Authors: Tkachuk S. S. , Tkachuk O. V. , Galagdina A. A. , Povar M. A. , Yasinska O. V.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study: to analyze literature sources concerning interaction between pathogenesis of lesions of the salivary glands and oral mucous membrane in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM).  Conclusion. Analysis of the current literature is quite explicit on the point concerning interdependence of lesions of the salivary glands and morphofunctional changes of the oral mucosa with diabetes mellitus.
Pathogenetic aspects of post-surgical adhesions prevention (review of literature)
Authors: Melnychenko M. G. , Kvashnina A. A.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. It has been established that adhesions in the abdominal cavity are a natural protective and adaptive reaction in response to peritoneal damage, but excessive adhesions are not only a pathological process, but also causes intestinal obstruction in children in 62%.Purpose: to study the pathogenetic aspects of prevention of surgical adhesions.Results. A large number of preventive strategies have been proposed, which are aimed at certain adhesion etiopathogenesis zones, such as inflammation and exudation reduction; coagulation cascade inhibition, fibrin matrix and fibrin deposition formation; fibrinolysis process potentiation; fibroblast proliferation inhibition; neoangiogenesis inhibition; free radical oxidation prevention caused by hypoxia; prevention of contact between damaged peritoneal areas.Conclusions. The problem of prevention of excessive intra-abdominal adhesions remains relevant due to imperfection of the existing variety of methods of prevention and treatment of adhesive intestinal obstruction, and one of the main tasks of its solution in children is to find a sparing and, at the same time, effective way to prevent excessive intra-abdominal adhesions at preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stages.
Features of the kinematics structure of ball throwing and catching techniques in rhythmic gymnastics at the stage of preliminary basic training
Authors: Andreieva Natalia Olehivna , Zhyrnov Oleksandr Valeriiovych , Salyamin Yuriy Mykolayovych
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the research is to study the features of the kinematics structure of the technique on throwing and catching ball by athletes engaged in rhythmic gymnastics at the stage of preliminary basic training. Research methods include analysis and generalization of data received from scientific and methodical literature, video shooting, biomechanical video-computer analysis of movements, method of expert assessment, methods of mathematical statistics. The contingent under study accounts for 20 gymnasts of the second youth category aged 9-10. The peculiarities of the kinematics structure of motor actions of gymnasts when performing two basic sets of ball exercises, which are learned at the stage of preliminary basic training, were examined. Research results and their discussion. Quantitative information was obtained about the indicators of the kinematics structure of the nodal elements for sports technique, associated with basic set of ball exercises: from two or three steps – throwing the ball in the "Cossack" jump – catching into the roll on both hands and back in rhythmic steps; and from two or three steps – throwing the ball in a jump touching in the ring – catching into the roll on both hands and back in rhythmic steps. Based on the indicators of biomechanical analysis of the two basic sets of ball exercises performed, the phase structure of exercises is specified and the key elements of sports technique of throwing and catching the ball are studied. For a more detailed analysis in both studies, we selected three nodal elements: the starting pose of the body (the moment of releasing the ball), the multiplication of the body pose (body position during the jump) and the final body pose (the moment of catching the ball). Conclusion. Objective quantitative biomechanical information about indicators of kinematics structure of nodal elements for sport technique consisting of basic set of ball exercises is received: from two-three steps – throwing the ball in the "Cossack" jump – catching into the roll on both hands and back in rhythmic steps; and from two or three steps - throwing the ball in a jump touching in the ring – catching into the roll on both hands and back in rhythmic steps. The obtained characteristics of the kinematics structure of the nodal elements of throwing and catching the ball during both basic exercises, can be used as model indicators for more effective technical training of young gymnasts. Conflict of interest. The authors state that there is no conflict of interest. The prospect of further research is associated with development of the models of nodal elements motor structure, used as sport technique for exercises with objects at the stage of specialized basic training.
Comparative study of KI-67 and CD44 expression in serrated polyps of the distal colon
Authors: Shyshkin M. A. , Khrystenko T. O.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Serrated polyps are newly distinguished types of colonic polyps. Nowadays lots of questions about serrated neoplastic pathway are still unclear. The purpose of the study was to compare Ki-67 and CD44 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression levels in different histological types of serrated polyps. Materials and methods. Histopathological and IHC studies of 30 serrated polyps were conducted. IHC study was carried out using antibodies against Ki-67 and CD44. Results of IHC reactions with antibodies against Ki-67 were estimated by immunostained nuclei counting and were expressed in proliferation index (PI) while results of IHC reactions with antibodies against CD44 were estimated by photo digital morphometry and were expressed in immunostained cells relative area (%). Furthermore, distribution of Ki-67+ and CD44+ cells in colonic crypts was examined. Results. It was revealed that hyperplastic polyps (HP) were characterized by medium PI and basal-middle pattern of Ki-67+ cells distribution. HP were also characterized by the median of CD44+ cells area equal to 22,36 (13,15;30,41) % and basal-middle pattern of CD44+ cells distribution. Herewith, direct medium strength correlation between Ki-67 and CD44 expression levels in HP was established. Traditional serrated adenomas (TSA) were characterized by medium PI and diffuse pattern of Ki-67+ cells distribution. TSA were also characterized by the median of CD44+ cells area equal to 25,48 (15,19;29,04) % and upper-middle pattern of CD44+ cells distribution. Direct weak strength correlation between Ki-67 and CD44 expression levels in TSA was established. Sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) were characterized by medium PI and basal pattern of Ki-67+ cells distribution. SSA were also characterized by the median of CD44+ cells area equal to 20,54 (11,25;28,15) % and basal-middle pattern of CD44+ cells distribution. Direct medium strength correlation between Ki-67 and CD44 expression levels in SSA was established.
Insertional Achilles tendinopathy in patients with Haglund's syndrome: results of computer modeling and biomechanical research
Authors: Gerasimyuk B. , Lazarev I. , Movchan O. , Skyban M.
Published: February 2021

In this study, a biomechanical relationship was found between the pathological process in Haglund syndrome and secondary tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon. We have developed the calculation diagram, created computer models and determined the values of the stress-strain state of the rear foot structures in the normal and with Haglund syndrome. It was found that the maximum stress values are concentrated on the Achilles tendon, but in pathological model the stress values were significantly higher than normal in the whole range of motion of the foot. Normally, maximal stress on the calcaneus is localized on its posterior surface - on the anterior surface of the retrocalcaneal recess. In Haglund syndrome, maximum stress was recorded on the upper surface of the posterior sections of the calcaneus. Haglund syndrome is marked by overloading of the calf muscle. The results of this study explain the development of degenerative changes in the AT in patients with Haglund syndrome. It was also found that the enlarged posterior-upper part of the calcaneus is a factor in the development of insertional Achilles tendinopathy, which should also be considered when choosing further treatment.
Physiotherapy in oncological patients after surgical procedures - a proposal of the procedure
Authors: Filarecka Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Physiotherapy of post-surgical patients is still an overlooked topic in the medical field. There is a shortage of educated medical personnel in hospitals, and the lack of employment requirements in the surgery department of physiotherapists results in neglecting this part of health care.Physiotherapy in surgical patients should be implemented already before the surgery. The available scientific reports show that greater mobility before the surgery has a positive effect on the surgical procedure by reducing postoperative complications. The literature review also shows that people with normal body weight have fewer complications after surgery and their recovery time is shorter, which has a positive effect on the patient's mental sphere.Post-operative depression is less common in people who returned to everyday activities after surgery on day 2.After analyzing the existing literature, it can be concluded that the level of fitness before the surgery has a significant impact on the level of reduction in the mobility of the patient after the surgery. In order to increase the level of the patient's fitness, it should be improved before the surgery. In addition, the patient should be instructed before the procedure about the necessity and manner of exercise, so that after the surgery, from the first day, you can experience physical therapy.
The state of mineralizing properties of the saliva in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Schneider S. A. , Saleh A. Yu. , Denga O. V.
Published: February 2021

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common, potentially dangerous gastrointestinal diseases, which, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), is considered to be a disease of the 21st century. In addition, there is a "rejuvenation" of this nosological form. The frequency of pathology of the digestive system among the pediatric population ofUkraine is the second only to the diseases of the respiratory system. The oral cavity is the beginning of the digestive tract, and its mucous membrane is an important integral component of the system of anatomical and physiological connections of the gastrointestinal tract, and the oral fluid is one of the most important elements that perform the mineralizing function.The authors conducted the investigation to study the mineralizing properties of the saliva in children with GERD, which involved 92 children, of whom 45 children had manifestations of GERD; the remaining 47 were somatically healthy. The content of ionized calcium and inorganic phosphates together, ∆pH, as well as the state of bone metabolism were studied in order to detect a disturbance of the total mineralization of the bone tissue using an ultrasonic densitometer.A decrease in the mineralizing properties of the mixed saliva was found in patients with GERD.
Psychological aspects of the effects of COVID-19 on doctors
Authors: Medak Edyta , Niedzielski Antoni
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 not only affects physical health, but also leads to mental health problems such as sleep problems, depression, feelings of anxiety, chronic stress. This also applies to doctors, because they too, or above all, are at particular risk. They are owed a lot of responsibilities, a new situation, a lack of adequate staff. They are surrounded by illness and death. They often do not cope with the current situation. This results in a decrease in their productivity, lack of motivation to work, fatigue, and this, as a consequence, can lead to burnout.
Pathomorphological changes in the structure of intervertebral disc after seven and fourteen days of experimental opioid use
Authors: Pankiv M. V. , Paltov Y. V.
Published: February 2021

We aimed to study the pathomorphological changes in the structure of intervertebral disc in the early stages of the experimental opioid use. This goal was achieved by the use of histological visualization of the intervertebral disc’s structures. Histological specimens were prepared according to the typical methods using such  specimens as hematoxylin, eosin, azan and due to Heidenhain method, McManus PAS-reaction and Steedman alcian blue method.The results of this study will let form a pathomorphological basis that could be used for comparative characterization of the growth dynamics of pathomorphological changes in the intervertebral disc’s structures in the early stages and compare these changes to pathomorphological signs in the late stages of experimental opioid use. These findings will provide an opportunity to establish the most appropriate time limits when these pathomorphological changes in the structure of the intervertebral disc develop and to observe the dynamics of these changes in the long term experimental opioid use.
Pathophysiological association of expression hormone of adipose tissue omentin-1 and the degree of vascular remodeling of brachyocephalic vessels in persons with obesity and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Kulynych Roman Leonidovich , Soloviuk Olena Anatolyevna , Soloviuk Oleksandr Olegovich
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The relationship of visceral obesity and excess body weight (EBW) with the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and effect on quality and duration of life determine the relevance of studying this problem.Objective: to assess omentin-1 metabolism and pathophysiological relationship between its level and the severity of lesions in the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries in type 2 DM in combination with EBW and obesity.Material and research methods. We examined 98 people with DM, the first group consisted of 64 people with EBW and obesity, second group consisted of 34 people with normal body weight, control group – 28 healthy individuals.Research results. Evaluation of the correlation matrix showed the presence of a positive rather strong negative connection between IMT, especially the right carotid artery and the level of omentin-1 in the blood (Rs = –0.55; p = 0.002). According to the results of the regression analysis and the study of the scatter diagram of the obtained data, the functional relationship between IMTright / IMTleft and the serum omentin-1 indicator was reliably approximated by a step-type model (polynomial curve, R = 0.49, R2 = 0.24, normalized R2 = 0.22 at F = 10.59, standard error 0.15, p <0.01)). The columnar bivariate 3D histogram clearly shows the physiological relationship between these indicators and indicates that the largest number of individuals with omentin-1 levels from 5-10 ng / ml had significant disorders of the vascular wall (IMT from 1.0 to 1.2 mm).Conclusion. Obtained data indicate a statistically significant associative relationship between the dynamics of the predictor of cardiovascular risk – IMT with the degree of impaired expression of omentin-1.
Analysis of visualization index using technique of simultaneous laparoscopic operations
Authors: Halei M. , Dzubanovskyi I. , Marchuk I.
Published: February 2021

Fatigue is a temporary decrease in the efficiency of an organism or organ due to intensive or long-term work, which is manifested in a decrease in quantitative and qualitative indicators of work and deterioration of coordination of work functions. Groups of simultaneous operations (411 patients) and group of single operations (746 patients) were formed. In both groups these changes were insignificant in most cases (except for marginal values in obese patients III, there were 6 such cases in the first group and8 inthe second), corrections of the port administration scheme were performed when performing vertical gastrectomy in both groups. After the calculation, the average deviations were1.2 cmin the first group and1.4 cmin the second. When using a laparoscope with a viewing angle of 0 o, the approach distance of the laparoscope with its own method of access on average during normal surgery is (6.92 ± 0.306) cm and is slightly smaller than standard methods, the average value of the studied parameter in the control group is - (6.98 ± 0.258) cm (p <0.001). Visualisation during simultaneous laparoscopic operations using our developed technique was on the level with single laparoscopic operation, performed classically.
Effects of liposomal form of phosphatidylcholine on oxidative-nitrosative stress in renal tissues of rats in burn disease
Authors: Basarab Ya. O. , Netyukhailo L. H.
Published: February 2021

This experiment carried out on 77 white Wistar rats aimed at studying the effects of liposomal form of phosphatidylcholine (lipin) on oxidative-nitrosative stress in renal tissues in burn disease (BD). This condition was modelled by immersing the epilated skin surface of the hind limb of the experimental animals into hot water (t + 70 –75°C) under light ether anaesthesia for 7 s that led to the development of III A-B degree burns. Lipin was administered intraperitoneally daily in a dose of 50 mg / kg immediately after BD modelling.The research has demonstrated BD modelling is accompanied by the development of oxidative-nitrosative stress in renal tissues as evidenced by a significant increase in the superoxide anion radical production by various sources (endoplasmic reticulum and NO synthase, mitochondrial respiratory chain, leukocyte NADPH oxidase); by the growth in the activity of inducible isozyme of NO-synthase (in the stage of burn shock in 2.83 times, р<0.001) with a decline in the constitutive isoforms activity, by the rise in the concentration of peroxynitrite (in the stage of burn shock in 3.18 times, in the stage of septicotoxemia in 2.56 times).The administration of lipin significantly limits the development of oxidative-nitrosative stress in renal tissues in the dynamics of experimental BD, as evidenced by a probable decrease in superoxide anion radical, NO-synthase activity due to its inducible isoform (in the stage of burn shock – by 35.9%; in the stage of toxemia – by 43.1%, p<0.001), by redressing the imbalance between inducible and constitutive isozymes of NO-synthase, by reducing the concentration of peroxynitrite (in the stage of burn shock – by 34.3%, in the stage of late toxemia – by 44.3%; in the stage of septicotoxemia – by 44.3%, p<0.001).
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cells in colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Shyshkin M. A. , Khrystenko T. O.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Studying invasion and metastasizing mechanisms in colorectal carcinogenesis is gaining momentum. The purpose of the study was to analyze immunohistochemical (IHC) expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic markers, as well as cancer stem cells markers on I-IV (pTNM) stages of CRC. Materials and methods. Histopathological and IHC studies of 53 CRC were conducted. IHC study was carried out using antibodies against E-cadherin, CK-20, α-SMA, vimentin, CD44, and ALDH1. Results. CRC is characterized by low E-cadherin expression level that decreases during the I-IV stages sequence and by medium CK-20 expression level that decreases during the studied sequence. Furthermore, CRC is characterized by medium α-SMA and vimentin expression levels that increase during the studied sequence. These findings indicate parallel epithelial phenotype losing and mesenchymal phenotype acquiring by the cancer cells that happen during colorectal adenocarcinoma progression from the I to the IV stages. CD44 expression by the tumor stromal cells was described in this study. The median of CD44+ cells area equal to 61,26 (42,58; 79,15) % of CRC stromal cells. This index significantly increases from the I to the III stages of the tumor. ALDH1 expression by both cancer cells and stromal cells was described as well. The median of ALDH1+ stromal cells area equal to 40,22 (22,54; 47,77) %, the median of ALDH1+ cancer cells area equal to 42,15 (32,06; 50,42) %. The index of ALDH1+ stromal cells area significantly increases from the I to the III stages of the tumor whereas the index of ALDH1+ cancer cells area significantly increases from the III to the IV stages of the tumor. Moreover, correlations between the studied markers expression were revealed that proves the connection between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness acquisition in CRC progression.
Comparative nephrotoxic effect on rats of different pathogens
Authors: Levitsky A. P. , Stepan V. T. , Pustovoit P. I.
Published: February 2021

Aim. Compare the nephrotoxicity of different pathogens.Methods. Nephrotoxicity was assessed in rats treated with the following pathogens: hydrazine sulfate, prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, lincomycin and lipopolysaccharide, according to the degree of increase in biochemical markers of inflammation: elastase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.Result. A significant increase in the level of both inflammatory markers in the kidneys was established, the most pronounced under the influence of hydrazine sulfate. The recalculation of the percentage increase in the level of markers per 1 mg of the pathogen (specific pro-inflammatory activity, SPIA) showed the highest SPIA in lipopolysaccharide, especially after oral applications, exceeding SPIA for hydrazine sulfate by a factor of thousands.Conclusion. The pro-inflammatory effect on kidneys of many non-microbial toxicants can be realized through the formation of lipopolysaccharide by lysis of gram-negative bacteria.
Marker profile of digestive system organs comorbid pathology in children
Authors: Sokolnyk Snizhana Vasylivna , Sorokman Tamila Vasylivna , Bodnar Ganna Borysivna , Moldovan Pavlo Mykhailovych , Loziuk Iryna Yaroslavivna , Vaskul Nadiia Yaroslavivna
Published: February 2021

The article highlights the current state of the comorbid pathology of the digestive system problem in children. Attention is paid to the most significant trigger factors of comorbid pathology of the digestive system organs in children and they are given a prognostic assessment with the development of a mathematical model of developmental risk.Aim. To identify predictors of comorbid pathology of the digestive system in children and to determine their prognostic value.Material and methods. 115 children with comorbid pathology of the digestive system organs and 80 healthy children aged 7-18 years were examined. The state of biological, social and genealogical well-being was determined by means of questionnaires. Laboratory and instrumental studies were conducted in accordance to the Ministry of Health ofUkraineorders in the specialty "Pediatric Gastroenterology" with the informed consent of patients to participate in the study.Results. Etiologically determining risk factors for the development of comorbid pathology of the digestive system organs in children are unfavorable genealogical history with hereditary burden by both pedigrees, age and sex of the child, H. pylori infection, stress, vitamin D3 and iodine deficiency, endothelial dysfunction, disruptions of regional blood flow in the abdominal trunk, premorbid background.Conclusion. It is established that the risk of comorbid pathology of the digestive system in children will increase by 4.27 times if the child has identified by us non-modifying factors, and by 2.62 times under the influence of modifying factors.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) expression in serrated colonic polyps
Authors: Shyshkin M. A. , Khrystenko T. O.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Immunohistochemical prognostic markers are promising direction for a search. The purpose of the study was analyze ALDH1 immunohistochemical expression in different histological types of serrated polyps of the distal colon. Materials and methods. Histopathological and IHC studies of 30 serrated polyps were conducted. IHC study was carried out using antibodies against ALDH1. Results of IHC reactions were estimated by photo digital morphometry and were expressed in immunostained cells relative area (%). Results. Hyperplastic polyps are characterized by the median of ALDH1+ stromal cells relative area equal to 15,08 (11,12;21,46) % and the median of ALDH1+ epitheliocytes relative area equal to 18,28 (10,14;26,15) %. The basal-middle pattern of ALDH1+ cells distribution was revealed. Traditional serrated adenomas are characterized by the median of ALDH1+ stromal cells relative area equal to 25,63 (18,26;30,42) % and the median of ALDH1+ epitheliocytes relative area equal to 22,13 (17,22;36,05) %. The upper-middle pattern of ALDH1+ cells distribution was revealed. Sessile serrated adenomas are characterized by the median of ALDH1+ stromal cells relative area equal to 23,15 (17,21;29,14) % and the median of ALDH1+ epitheliocytes relative area equal to 20,56 (15,25;26,94) % in these polyps. The basal-middle pattern of ALDH1+ cells distribution was revealed. Conclusions. Number of ALDH1+ stromal cells is significantly higher in traditional serrated adenomas and sessile serrated adenomas comparing to number of those in hyperplastic polyps.
Role of fatty acids in pathogenetic mechanisms of NAFLD progression among type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Mykhalchyshyn G.
Published: February 2021

The goal of our case-control research was to study the associations between speed progression of NAFLD and the level of fatty acids among patients with the type 2 diabetes. All patients were divided into two groups: with speed (n=38) and slow (n=44) progression of fibrosis. We studied the level of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and their rate. Our study showed higher median value of sum of saturated fatty acids level in the group of patients with speed progression of fibrosis (51,6% and 45,75%, p=0,001) and lower median value of arachidonic acids than in the group of patients with slow progression of fibrosis (10,5 and11,5 inthe group of slow fibrosis progression, р=0,049). In the group of patients with speed fibrosis progression saturated fatty acids prevailed unsaturated fatty acids (Ме=1,02). According to our data, the risk factor of speed progression of fibrosis among patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD, is the rate of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. We found the significant associations between the rate of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and the speed progression of fibrosis (OR 77,3; р=0,004).Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, IR, insulin resistance, NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, OR, odds ratio, FFA, free fatty acids, FA, fatty acids, LDL, low density lipoproteins, RPF, median rate of fibrosis progression, TG, triglycerides
The influence of Helicobacter pylori on the level of endotheline-1 and nitrogen oxide in the blood of children with the duodenal ulcer
Authors: Sorokman Tаmila , Chernei Nadiia , Sokolnyk Snizhana , Sokolnyk Iryna , Popelyuk Nataliya
Published: February 2021

The most serious pathology of the of gastrointestinal tract in children remains duodenal ulcer (DU). Interesting is the study of the role of endothelin-1 and nitrogen oxide in the formation of DU.The aim. To evaluate the nature of changes in the level of nitrogen oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (Et-1) in the blood of children with H pylori-associated DU.Methods. A single-center study was conducted in 42 children with DU aged 6–18 years and 20 children comparison group. Diagnostics of H. pylori was performed primary endoscopy and 4 weeks after the end of treatment. Blood samples were collected in each visit to measure plasma Et-1 using an enzyme immunoassay kit and NO (nitrate/nitrite) levels Golikov's method.Results. In 37 (92.5%) the ulcers went through re-epithelialization, while successful eradication of H. pylori was achieved in 32 people (80%). The NO level in the blood plasma of the children of the main group was 9.78 ± 1.13 mmol/l, after treatment –11.09 ± 1.2 mmol/l. After eradication of H. pylori, the level of Et-1 decreased from 2.39 ± 0.08 to 1.14 ± 0.07 pg / ml.Conclusion. Levels of endothelin-1 (Et-1) and nitrogen oxide (NO) in children with duodenal ulcer vary depending on the stage of the disease. After H-pylori eradication, ulcer defect healing is associated with decreased of Et-1 inplasma and increased NO activity.
Characteristics of lower limb injuries in non-fatal road traffic accidents: a retrospective analysis of forensic medical examinations
Authors: Sokol Viacheslav K. , Kolesnichenko Vera A. , Grygorian Edgar
Published: February 2021

Background. Fractures of the lower limbs are one of the most common injuries in road traffic accidents, however, the frequency and localization of fractures, as well as associated trauma, are not well understood. The purpose of the study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of forensic medical examinations of victims with the road traffic injuries of the lower limbs. Results. The research material was 100 reports of forensic medical examinations of victims with fractures of the femur and/or shin bones resulting from a non-fatal road traffic accidents. The study found that the average age of the victims was 41.5 ± 18.8 years (18 - 81 years). The main contingent of those injured was pedestrians (82%). In victims, the most common injury was polytrauma; closed limb fractures were more common. Hip fractures of various localization were found in 39%, shin fractures - in 59%, ankle fractures - in 12%. Closed head injury with a concussion of the brain of a mild degree (23%), closed fractures of the ribs (3%), self-healing dislocation of the humerus (1%), diaphyseal fractures of the forearm (3%), distal radial bone fractures (7%), and fractures of styloid process of the ulna (2%) were also noted. Conclusions. The main victims of road traffic accidents are pedestrians with polytrauma. The most common localization of fractures of the lower extremities is the diaphysis of the femur and the diaphysis of the shin bones.
Use of mobile phones by youth regarding the potential health consequences – a survey study
Authors: Maksymowicz Marcela , Machowiec Piotr Artur , Ręka Gabriela , Niemirski Dominik , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: February 2021

Introduction and purpose of work: The widespread availability and multi-functionality of mobile phones among young people cause that these devices are used not only for communication, but also for entertainment, learning, and remote work. However, excessive and unconscious use of mobile phones can adversely affect health through addiction and the FOMO – fear of missing out syndrome, resulting in lower self-esteem, depression, learning difficulties, and sleep problems.Material and method: The material was collected using the diagnostic survey method. The study involved 451 people aged 10-25, divided into three age groups: 10-15, 16-19, and 20-25. The results were compared with the literature from the last 5 years available on the PubMed database.Results: Mobile phones are mainly used for communicating on social networks, listening to music, taking photos, education, and organizational matters. The majority (70.0%) of respondents admit using the telephone while eating alone, more than half (54.0%) at school or during university activities, and about one fifth (21.3%) of people while driving, cycling, riding scooter, or skateboarding. More than half of the users use the telephone in the toilet, 52.1% of which disinfect the telephone. The average time of using a mobile phone is 2-4 hours a day, but among people aged 16-19 and in the female group it is higher, over 4 hours a day. Since the beginning of the pandemic, almost three-quarters (73.3%) of respondents have been using phones more frequently. In addition, there is a significant relationship between longer telephone use and the occurrence of neck pain and problems with falling asleep.Conclusions: Nowadays, mobile phones are a helpful and convenient tool for study, work, organization, or entertainment, especially among young people during COVID-19 pandemic. However, its excessive use may have a detrimental effect on sleep, while in situations requiring concentration such as learning or driving, it can result in distraction. Careful use of the mobile phone including limiting the time spent on phone applications is essential to prevent inappropriate habits and adolescents’ addiction to phones.
School assessment from the perspective of safety and impact on the emotional and social sphere of an early school age child
Authors: Kowalewski Michał
Published: February 2021

School assessment is one of the most significant elements of contemporary educational systems. It is especially important at the initial stage, as the first school impressions form child’s awareness of being controlled (monitored) both at school and in life generally. Moreover, it influences further educational successes. Providing a child with psychic safety as well as eliminating possible fears and stressful situations, which are connected with adapting to a new environment, e.g. a new school, should make superior criteria, taken into account while choosing an assessment model and then evaluating pupils at school. The article presents the results of a pilot study carried out among students, teachers and their parents using the interview technique concerning the comparison of the grade assessment system and the descriptive assessment system in the context of the school model of school assessment, safe and having the greatest positive impact on the emotional and social sphere of an early school age child.
Body posture and competitive sport - a review of selected studies
Authors: Makarczuk Anna Krystyna
Published: February 2021

Increased motor activity does not unequivocally affect the incidence rates of correct and incorrect postures and practising physical exercise does not ensure good posture. One-sided load that occurs in competitive sports affects the formation of physiological curves of the spine, most often causing their deepening. In disciplines characterised by asymmetry of movements, lateral curvatures of the spine occur more often than in others.In order to achieve a posture considered to be correct, in addition to general development and sports result-oriented exercises, it is necessary to consciously shape and correct it. This is especially important when working with children and youth. It should be remembered that the susceptibility of the spine to changes in the shape of curves is different and depends on age. Wolański studied the so-called critical periods of posturogenesis among Warsaw youth and stated that the most dangerous age is between 12 and 15 for boys and between 10 and 13 for girls.It is then that the thoracic and lumbar curves are characterised by the greatest lability. They are very often deepened, which the author explains, among others changes in body proportions, i.e. elongation of the lower limbs. The commencement of professional training often takes place during this period, therefore, compensatory exercises should be its permanent element.
The factors influencing niche consumers’ behavior in the brewery market in Poland
Authors: Rywocki Karol
Published: February 2021

The aim of this article is to present the main factors influencing the behavior of consumers of the niche products of brewery market in Poland. On the basis of the conducted research – via direct survey, the author tries to determine the reasons why they purchase niche beers. Where do they find the information about niche products? How often and on what occasion do consumers drink niche beer? What interests and what standards concerning healthy lifestyle do they have? The author also defines and classifies niche producers on the brewery market in Poland.
Altruistic and egoistic behaviors in interpersonal interactions
Authors: Nowacka Agnieszka , Smuczyński Wojciech , Woźniak-Dąbrowska Kamila , Lewko Dawid
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Utopian or destructive society? Is it better to be an egoist or an altruist in a group and which factors does it depend on? Aim. Difficulty in making an unambiguous assessment of social interactions was the reason for conducting a few studies which aimed at identifying factors shaping altruistic and selfish behaviors. Due to the scope of the studies, percentage results relate only to selected social communities. Materials and methods. The first study aimed at evaluating altruistic behaviors of an individual and of a group and was focused on an analysis of interpersonal interactions between a person who needed help (not calling for it) and a bystander observing the incident. The second experiment evaluated psychologization of confidence and focused on the assessment of interpersonal relations of two participants. The last, third study aimed at evaluating altruistic attitude towards various social relations. Results. Conducted studies show that there are a lot of factors which determine conscious (financial benefits, empathy) and unconscious (difficulty in interpreting the incident, inadequate intervention, unwillingness to feel responsible for own behavior) development of altruistic and egoistic behaviors in interpersonal interactions.
Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic method
Authors: Ręba Patrycja
Published: February 2021

AdmissionIn human medicine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the leading and most popular diagnostic methods. In veterinary medicine, initially, MRI was treated mainly as a research tool, but with the development of veterinary specializations, an increase in the number of specialists, reference clinics, but also an increase in awareness and expectations of animal owners, MRI began to play a key role in the clinical practice of small animals - dogs and cats , exotic animals and horses.Aim The aim of the study is the analysis of magnetic resonance as a diagnostic method.Material and method Review of the available literature on the subject.ResultsMagnetic resonance imaging is based on the phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance, characteristic of the nuclei of elements with an odd number of protons or neutrons, and therefore having a momentum (spin) and a magnetic moment. The most commonly used element is the hydrogen atom, thanks to its richness in living organisms. The general scheme of how MRI works is a five-step process involving the following phenomena:Placing the patient in a constant homogeneous electromagnetic fieldRadio frequency (RF) signal emissionInterruption in RF signal emissionRF feedback by the bodyProcessing of the emitted signal and image reconstruction.Currently, the most popular areas of research are the central nervous system (brain and spine) and the musculoskeletal system. The test allows you to diagnose intracranial diseases such as: birth defects, inflammatory changes in the brain tissue, demyelinating diseases or cancer. Conclusions The versatility of magnetic resonance imaging, both in terms of species diversity (small animals, horses, exotic animals) and imaging areas (central and peripheral nervous system, bones with their joints, muscle tissue) has made MRI a very important method diagnostic used in clinical veterinary medicine. The other advantages of magnetic resonance imaging include imaging in three planes, enabling subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction, no harmful X-rays and the possibility of using contrast agents.
Atrial fibrillation as a frequent reason for calls by Emergency Medical Teams
Authors: Roczniak Wojciech , Skalik Marta , Brodziak-Dopierała Barbara , Płaziak Robert , Marek Hubert , Motyka Marcin , Sośnicki Krzysztof , Wojtanowska-Kaczka Magdalena
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Atrial fibrillation is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia which is also a frequent cause of calls by Emergency Medical Services Teams.The purpose of the work was presentation of the conduct of the Medical Rescue Teams in about patients with atrial fibrillation. Research methodology. The study included an 86-year-old woman who was called by the Medical Rescue Team due to increasing weakness accompanied by chest pain and dyspnoea. At the patient after a thorough medical history and physical examination, the first episode of atrial fibrillation was found. An individual case study method was used. The study was conducted on the basis of a medical rescue cardthose. Conclusions.There is no one size fits all regimen for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation. There are algorithms that facilitate the implementation of appropriate treatment. The rescue operation must always be tailored to the individualthe patient's health status and modified as necessary. Thanks to this procedure, paramedics minimize the chances of making a mistake and improve the patient's health.
Machine learning methods as an aid in planning orthodontic treatment on the example of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography analysis: a literature review
Authors: Płotka Szymon , Włodarczyk Tomasz , Szczerba Ryszard , Chomiak Anna , Komisarek Oskar
Published: February 2021

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in many areas of computer vision, such as object tracking and recognition, security, military, and biomedical image analysis. In this work, we describe the current methods, the architectures of deep convolutional neural networks used in CBCT. Literature from 2000-2020 from the PubMed database, Google Scholar, was analyzed. Account has been taken of publications in English that describe architectures of deep convolutional neural networks used in CBCT. The results of the reviewed studies indicate that deep learning methods employed in orthodontics can be far superior in comparison to other high-performing algorithms.