bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of tourism participation of Yoruba traditional and festival of class (Eyo and Ojude-Oba) in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Agbabiaka Hafeez Idowu , Omisore Olufemi Emmanuel , Olugbamila Omotayo Ben
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Every community with the potential to organize a festival aims to actualize increased participation to transform the community image and socio-cultural cohesion. Hence, this study aims to investigate the motivational factors influencing festival participation of Eyo and Ojude Oba in southwestern Nigeria, using the push and pull and activity theories as theoretical footing.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data was collected through questionnaire administration on members of the host communities. Geospatial data was collected on the number of buildings through high-resolution satellite imagery and maps sourced from the Cooperative Information Network (COPINE) of the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA). Systematic sampling procedure was adopted to select 3% of the estimated 5231 and 4,934 buildings within the designated zones in Lagos Island and Ijebu Ode, respectively. In this case, 314 and 148 respondents were sampled in Lagos Island and Ijebu-Ode, respectively. Data collected were analyzed using mean index and factor analysis (principal component analysis).

Findings

This study revealed that the factors influencing participation of Eyo and Ojude Oba festivals comprise six and three factors, respectively, with varying contributions. Eyo festival explained 75.34% variance with varying factors extracted which are psychosocial (22.9%), proximity/mobility (9.93%), facility (13.41%), environmental/cultural (12.2%), demographic (10.65%) and health/safety factors (6.25%). While factors influencing Ojude-Oba festival comprises of sociocultural/psychological (35.44%), facilities/mobility (28.00%) and demographic factor (8.51%), thereby explaining 71.95% variation of factors influencing its participation. The study therefore, prove policy response in enhancing the destination receptors based on the influencing factors to promote positive words of mouth and encourage visitors’ intention to revisit.

Originality/value

This study focused on two distinguished festivals with internal homogenous and external heterogeneous features (Eyo and Ojude-Oba festivals). Ojude-Oba is an annual festival of class, whereas Eyo is non-annual traditional festival. Both festivals are mega, with similarities in the activities engaged in by the visitors and members of the communities, inform of colorful display of costumes, dances, chanting of songs and group parades among other activities.
The effects of Experience-Technology Fit (ETF) on consumption behavior: Extended Reality (XR) visitor experience
Authors: Jung Timothy , Bae Sujin , Moorhouse Natasha , Kwon Ohbyung
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Traditionally, Task–Technology Fit (TTF) theory has been applied to examine the usefulness of technology in the work environment. Can the same approach (based on experience rather than tasks) be applied to non-work, cultural heritage environments? This is the question the authors ask in this study. This study proposes a new variation of TTF based on the experience economy model, namely Experience–Technology Fit (ETF), for the non-work environment, in particular, in the context of cultural heritage, where visitor experience is enhanced by extended reality technology, which combines immersive technologies and artificial intelligence.

Design/methodology/approach

Employing a quantitative survey method, the empirical analysis seeks to determine the influence of Mixed Reality (MR) characteristics (interactivity, vividness), Voice User Interface (VUI) characteristics (speech recognition, speech synthesis) and experience economy factors (education, entertainment, esthetic, escape) on satisfaction, revisit intention and actual purchase to propose a new ETF model.

Findings

VUI, MR, and experience factors were significantly associated with ETF; when combined with MR-based experience, ETF was significantly associated with satisfaction. This study’s findings further demonstrate the relationship between users' satisfaction when engaging with MR-based experience and revisit intention, while purchase intention was significantly associated with the actual purchase.

Originality/value

The novel contribution of this study is the proposal of the EFT model, a new variation of TTF based on the experience economy model. Overall, this study expands the applications of TTF to an experience-oriented business, thereby broadening the authors’ understanding of technological success with a specific focus on the technology fit of Extended Reality (XR) in the context of cultural heritage.
Research ethics and organizations: the neglected ethics of organizational ethnography
Authors: Kristensen Catharina Juul
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Working with organizations is central to organizational ethnography. However, while research ethics relating to individual participants is widely discussed, research ethics relating to the organizations has been neglected. The purpose of this article is to address this shortcoming and introduce the concept and domain of “meso-ethics” in research ethics. Meso-ethics pertains to organizations as research participants and thus allows for the explicit inclusion of organizations in ethical considerations and practice. Meso-ethics complements the known domains of micro-ethics and macro-ethics in research ethics.

Design/methodology/approach

The concept of meso-ethics takes point of departure in the micro-ethical principles of “respect, and avoiding harm” and adjusts these to apply to organizations. The organizations are first defined as a distinct type of research participants, which differs from individual participants. The organizations are formally organized units that possess resources to assert power and stakeholders with a vested interest in the research. Second, the relationship between researchers and organizations is related to issues of power, allowing for a view of the power relations as flexible and relational. Moreover, this includes a potential vulnerability to harm on both sides.

Findings

The new concept and domain meso-ethics allows for explicit reflections and practice of research ethics in relations to organizations, a central participant in organizational ethnography. There is a discussion that meso-ethics should be combined with micro-ethics and macro-ethics in future practice to allow for comprehensive reflections and practice of research ethics.

Originality/value

The article contributes a new concept and domain of research ethics, meso-ethics, in organizational ethnography and related research to explore and practice research ethics in relation to organizations participating in our research. Meso-ethics complements the known domains of micro-ethics and macro-ethics in research ethics.
Shed old baggage and invest wisely. A bibliometric and thematic analysis of disposition effect and investment
Authors: Mundi Hardeep Singh , Vashisht Shailja
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to review, systematize and integrate existing research on disposition effect and investments. This study conducts bibliometric analysis, including performance analysis and science mapping and thematic analysis of studies on disposition effect.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a thematic and bibliometric analysis of the papers related to the disposition effect. A total of 231 papers published from 1971 to 2021 were retrieved from the Scopus database for the study, and bibliometric analysis and thematic analysis were performed.

Findings

This study’s findings demonstrate that research on the disposition effect is interdisciplinary and influences the research in the domain of both corporate and behavioral finance. This review indicates limited research on cross-country data. This study indicates a strong presence of work on investor psychology and behavioral finance when it comes to the disposition effect. The findings of thematic analysis further highlight that most of the research has focused on prospect theory, trading strategies and a few cognitive and emotional biases.

Practical implications

The findings of this study can be used by investors to minimize their biases and losses. The study also highlights new techniques in machine learning and neurosciences, which can help investment firms better understand their clients’ behavior. Policymakers can use the study’s findings to nudge investors’ behavior, focusing on minimizing the effects of the disposition effect.

Originality/value

This study has performed the quantitative bibliometric and thematic analysis of existing studies on the disposition effect and identified areas of future research on the phenomenon of disposition effect in investments.
High below‐ground bud abundance increases ecosystem recovery from drought across arid and semiarid grasslands
Authors: Luo Wentao , Muraina Taofeek O. , Griffin‐Nolan Robert J. , Te Niwu , Qian Jianqiang , Yu Qiang , Zuo Xiaoan , Wang Zhengwen , Knapp Alan K. , Smith Melinda D. , Han Xingguo , Collins Scott L.
Published: July 2023

Asexual reproduction plays a fundamental role in the structure, dynamics and persistence of perennial grasslands. Thus, assessing how asexual reproductive traits of plant communities respond to drought may be key for understanding grassland resistance to drought and recovery following drought.

Here, we quantified three asexual reproductive traits (i.e. above‐ground tiller abundance, below‐ground bud abundance and the ratio of tillers to buds) during a 4‐year severe drought and a 2‐year drought recovery period in four grasslands that spanned an aridity gradient in northern China. We also assessed the relationship between these traits and the resistance and recovery of above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP).

We found that drought had limited and largely inconsistent effects on asexual reproduction among drought and recovery years and grasslands overall. Drought increased tiller abundance in the first treatment year and reduced bud banks by the fourth treatment year across grasslands. However, neither of the three asexual reproductive traits were correlated with drought resistance of ANPP. Drought legacies differed among the four grasslands with positive, negative and no legacies evident for the three asexual reproductive traits, and no clear relationship with aridity. Bud banks and tiller to bud ratio decreased and increased, respectively, in the first recovery year, but not in the second recovery year. In contrast to drought resistance, community bud abundance was strongly related to recovery, such that communities with higher bud abundance had greater ANPP recovery following drought.

Synthesis. These results suggest that asexual reproductive traits may be important drivers of ecosystem recovery after drought, but that variable responses of these asexual reproduction traits during drought complicates predictions of overall grassland responses.
The serum creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratios predicts risk for type 2 diabetes: A Chinese cohort study
Authors: Chen Yinfei , Wen Weiheng , Mai Zhiliang , Wang Ming , Chen Hong , Sun Jia
Published: July 2023

Background

There is a lack of research regarding the relationship between creatinine to cystatin C to waist circumference ratio (CCR/WC ratios) and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to evaluate the association between CCR/WC ratios and incident T2DM in Chinese adults.

Methods

This prospective study was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018). The participants were divided into three groups by tertiaries of the CCR/WC ratios. Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to identify the relationship between CCR/WC and T2DM.

Results

Overall, 5938 participants were included for analysis, 766 of whom developed T2DM between 2011 and 2018. Risk of incident T2DM was decreased with tertiaries 2, 3 versus tertiary 1 of the CCR/WC index (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.772 [95% confidence interval 0.647–0.921] and 0.724 [0.596–0.880], p for trend = .001 across tertiaries of the CCR/WC index). The results were consistent excluding participants with T2DM in the first 2 years.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that CCR/WC was negatively correlated with the risk of T2DM in Chinese adults. Early detection is necessary to control the development of T2DM in Chinese with low CCR/WC levels.
Gender associations with selection into Australian General Surgical Training: 2016–2022
Authors: Ip Eugenia C. , Carrarini Monica , Nestel Debra , Incoll Ian W.
Published: July 2023

Background

For those who have maintained an interest in general surgery after medical school and their early post‐graduate years, selection is the first step to a career in general surgery. Identifying differences secondary to gender in selection tools and their outcomes should assist the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and the Australian Board in General Surgery to improve gender equity in the general surgical workforce. Selection tools for general surgery include the curriculum vitae (CV), referee report (RR) and multiple mini‐interview (MMI).

Methods

All applicants' CV, RR and MMI scores achieved in the general surgery selection process were reviewed by gender over a seven‐year period.

Results

In all years, there were lower numbers of female applicants to selection. There were differences identified between genders in the CV and MMI, with females scoring lower in the CV and higher in the MMI when compared to males. There were no differences identified in the RR or proportion of applicants that were successful in their application based on gender.

Conclusion

The CV and MMI utilized for selection into general surgery were associated with gender bias. However, the lower number of females selected into training reflects the lower number of female applicants overall. There was no overall impact from gender found in an applicant's ability to be selected into general surgery in Australia.
Aligning germline and somatic mutations in prostate cancer. Are genetics changing practice?
Authors: Cussenot Olivier , Cancel‐Tassin Geraldine , Rao Srinivasa R. , Woodcock Dan J. , Lamb Alastair D. , Mills Ian G. , Hamdy Freddie C.
Published: July 2023

Objective

To review the current status of germline and somatic (tumour) genetic testing for prostate cancer (PCa), and its relevance for clinical practice.

Methods

A narrative synthesis of various molecular profiles related to their clinical context was carried out. Current guidelines for genetic testing and its feasibility in clinical practice were analysed. We report the main identified genetic sequencing results or functional genomic scores for PCa published in the literature or obtained from the French PROGENE study.

Results

The molecular alterations observed in PCa are mostly linked to disruption of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway or DNA repair deficiency. The main known germline mutations affect the BReast CAncer gene 2 (BRCA2) and homeobox B13 (HOXB13) genes, whereas AR and tumour protein p53 (TP53) are the genes with most frequent somatic alterations in tumours from men with metastatic PCa. Molecular tests are now available for detecting some of these germline or somatic alterations and sometimes recommended by guidelines, but their utilisation must combine rationality and feasibility. They can guide specific therapies, notably for the management of metastatic disease. Indeed, following androgen deprivation, targeted therapies for PCa currently include poly‐(ADP‐ribose)‐polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐guided radiotherapy. The genetic tests currently approved for targeted therapies remain limited to the detection of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation and DNA mismatch repair deficiency, while large panels are recommended for germline analyses, not only for inherited cancer predisposing syndrome, but also for metastatic PCa.

Conclusions

Further consensus aligning germline with somatic molecular analysis in metastatic PCa is required, including genomics scars, emergent immunohistochemistry, or functional pre‐screen imaging. With rapid advances in knowledge and technology in the field, continuous updating of guidelines to help the clinical management of these individuals, and well‐conducted studies to evaluate the benefits of genetic testing are needed.
Wear resistance of CAD/CAM one‐piece screw‐retained hybrid‐abutment‐crowns made from different restorative materials
Authors: Elsayed Adham , Chaar Mohamed Sad , Kern Matthias , Libecki Wojtek , Yazigi Christine
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The aim of this study was to measure the wear progress of three high performance polymers (HPP) materials as well as that of zirconia after artificial aging (simulated 2.5‐ and 5‐year of clinical service with thermo‐mechanical loading) and compare it with the well‐documented wear of lithium disilicate.

Methods

Forty implants were used to restore a maxillary first premolar, where the abutment and the crown were manufactured as hybrid‐abutment‐crown and connected to the implant using a titanium insert. The implants were randomly divided, according to the restorative materials used, into five groups: 3Y‐TZP zirconia (Z), lithium disilicate (L), ceramic‐reinforced polyetheretherketon (P), nano‐hybrid composite resin (C) and polymer‐infiltrated ceramic‐network (E). All hybrid‐abutment‐crowns were produced using CAD/CAM technology. A design of a maxillary first premolar was created with an angle of 120° between the buccal and palatal cusps, which were designed as planes. The restorations were adhesively luted onto the titanium inserts, according to the manufacturers’ recommendations for each material individually, by means of dual‐curing luting resin with the exception of group P, where the blocks were pre‐fitted (heat‐pressed) with an integrated titanium insert. The suprastructures were assembled onto the implants through titanium screws. The screw channels were sealed with Teflon tape and composite resin filling material that was polished to high‐gloss. All specimens underwent 1 200 000 thermo‐dynamic loading cycles with 49 N in a dual‐axis chewing simulator. Elastomeric impressions were made for all specimens after 600 000 and after 1 200 000 cycles. The corresponding impressions were imaged using a laser scanning microscope and then 3D‐analyzed using the software (Geomagic Wrap) to measure the volume loss of the wear area for all specimens. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon‐Test regarding the two different time measurements for each material. For the analysis of the material variable, Kruskal‐Wallis test was conducted followed by Mann–Whitney test.

Results

Group Z showed statistically the lowest volume loss compared to the other test materials, both after 600 000 and 1 200 000 cycles of artificial aging, with a median value of 0.002 mm3 volume loss after 1 200 000 cycles. In contrast, group E showed the highest volume loss with median values of 0.18 and 0.3 mm3 after 600 000 and 1 200 000 cycles, respectively. Artificial aging had significantly negative effect on the volume loss for all test materials. In addition, the choice of material had statistical influence on the outcome.

Conclusion

Monolithic zirconia ceramic demonstrated lower wear than that reported for enamel after simulated 5‐year of clinical service, whereas all other test materials showed higher volume loss after artificial aging.
Aberrant dentato‐rubro‐thalamic pathway in action tremor but not rest tremor: A multi‐modality magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Duanmu Xiaojie , Wen Jiaqi , Tan Sijia , Guo Tao , Zhou Cheng , Wu Haoting , Wu Jingjing , Cao Zhengye , Liu Xiaocao , Chen Jingwen , Wu Chenqing , Qin Jianmei , Gu Luyan , Yan Yaping , Zhang Baorong , Zhang Minming , Guan Xiaojun , Xu Xiaojun
Published: July 2023

Aims

The purpose of this study was to clarify the dentato‐rubro‐thalamic (DRT) pathway in action tremor in comparison to normal controls (NC) and disease controls (i.e., rest tremor) by using multi‐modality magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

This study included 40 essential tremor (ET) patients, 57 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (29 with rest tremor, 28 without rest tremor), and 41 NC. We used multi‐modality MRI to comprehensively assess major nuclei and fiber tracts of the DRT pathway, which included decussating DRT tract (d‐DRTT) and non‐decussating DRT tract (nd‐DRTT), and compared the differences in DRT pathway components between action and rest tremor.

Results

Bilateral dentate nucleus (DN) in the ET group had excessive iron deposition compared with the NC group. Compared with the NC group, significantly decreased mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity were observed in the left nd‐DRTT in the ET group, which were negatively correlated with tremor severity. No significant difference in each component of the DRT pathway was observed between the PD subgroup or the PD and NC.

Conclusion

Aberrant changes in the DRT pathway may be specific to action tremor and were indicating that action tremor may be related to pathological overactivation of the DRT pathway.
Single versus multiple renal arteries in living donor kidney transplantation: A systematic review and patient‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Lim Ee Jean , Fong Khi Yung , Li Jingqiu , Chan Yiong Huak , Aslim Edwin Jonthan , Ng Lay Guat , Gan Valerie Huei Li
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Grafts with multiple renal arteries (MRAs) were historically considered a relative contraindication to transplantation due to the higher risk of vascular and urologic complications. This study aimed to evaluate graft and patient survival between single renal artery (SRA) and MRA living‐donor kidney transplants.

Methods

An electronic literature search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus for prospective or retrospective studies comparing SRA versus MRA in living donor renal transplantation, with the provision of Kaplan–Meier curves for recipient overall survival (OS) or graft survival (GS). A graphical reconstructive algorithm was used to obtain OS and GS of individual patients, which was then pooled under random‐effects individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analysis using Cox‐models to determine hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta‐regression of baseline covariates versus HRs of OS and GS was performed for variables reported in 10 or more studies.

Results

Fourteen studies were retrieved, of which 13 (8400 patients) reported OS and 9 (6912 patients) reported GS. There were no significant differences in OS (shared‐frailty HR = .94, 95%CI = .85–1.03, p = .172) or GS (shared‐frailty HR = .95, 95%CI = .83–1.08, p = .419) between SRA and MRA. This comparison remained non‐significant even when restricted to open‐ or laparoscopic‐only studies. Meta‐regression yielded no significant associations of GS with donor age, recipient age, and percentage of double renal arteries within the MRA arm.

Conclusions

The similar rates of GS and OS between MRA and SRA grafts suggest that there is no need for discrimination between the two when evaluating donors for nephrectomy.
1065. Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. subsp. tangshen (Oliv.) D.Y. Hong: Campanulaceae
Authors: Langhorne Joanna , Moore Richard , Rix Martyn
Published: July 2023

Codonopsis pilosula subsp. tangshen is illustrated: its relationships, history and pollination are discussed. Instructions for its successful cultivation are given, and references are given to its use in Traditional Chinese medicine.
Assessing the impact of LEGO® construction training on spatial and mathematical skills
Authors: McDougal Emily , Silverstein Priya , Treleaven Oscar , Jerrom Lewis , Gilligan‐Lee Katie , Gilmore Camilla , Farran Emily K.
Published: July 2023

Lego construction ability is associated with a variety of spatial skills and mathematical outcomes. However, it is unknown whether these relations are causal. We aimed to establish the causal impact of Lego construction training on: Lego construction ability; a broad range of spatial skills; and on mathematical outcomes in 7–9‐year‐olds. We also aimed to identify how this causal impact differs for digital versus physical Lego construction training. One‐hundred and ninety‐eight children took part in a six‐week training programme, delivered twice weekly as a school lunch time club. They completed either physical Lego training (N = 59), digital Lego training (N = 64), or an active control condition (crafts; N = 75). All children completed baseline and follow‐up measures of spatial skills (disembedding, visuo‐spatial working memory, spatial scaling, mental rotation, and performance on a spatial‐numerical task, the number line task), mathematical outcomes (geometry, arithmetic, and overall mathematical skills) and Lego construction ability. Exploratory analyses revealed evidence for near transfer (Lego construction ability) and some evidence for far transfer (arithmetic) of Lego training, but overall transfer was limited. Despite this, we identified key areas for further development (explicit focus on spatial strategies, training for teachers, and embedding the programme within a mathematical context). The findings of this study can be used to inform future development of Lego construction training programmes to support mathematics learning.
Regional favouritism in Chinese university admissions
Authors: Lin Faqin , Wang Rui , Feng Kuo
Published: July 2023

We study the effect of favouritism via hometown ties of high‐ranking administrators in universities on China's university admissions. By constructing a gravity specification model and collecting the data on inter‐provincial admissions of nearly 1300 Chinese undergraduate universities between 2008 and 2015 and hometown information of the university's top administrators, such as the President or Party Secretary, we show that regional favouritism is prevalent in college enrolment. It is estimated that hometown ties of either the President or Secretary of the Party committee in a university increase the enrolments by almost 11% through admitting students with low entrance examinations scores from their hometowns. Interestingly, the hometown tie effects disappeared after President Xi's launched the anti‐corruption campaign in 2013 and we proved the hometown favouritism in university admissions is a form of corruption through a series of ways.
The Educational Promises and Perils of Existential Self‐Doubt
Authors: Gordon Mordechai
Published: July 2023

This essay describes what it means to live with existential self‐doubt, explores how such doubt emerges in educational encounters, and examines some educational benefits and challenges of uncertainty and doubt. Mordechai Gordon begins his analysis by describing the type of self‐doubt that Paul Cézanne embodied, that is, of an artist who painted throughout his entire life yet was still consumed by existential uncertainty. Drawing on Cézanne's example, as well as poet Rainer Maria Rilke's life and his own experience, Gordon sheds light on what it means to live with existential doubt. Following the discussion of existential uncertainty, he revisits the epistemic self‐doubt displayed by Socrates and René Descartes and compares it to existential self‐doubt. In the third part of this essay, Gordon draws on the examples of some veteran teachers in order to illustrate how educators have approached the challenge of living with existential self‐doubt. The final part of the essay considers both the promises and perils of existential self‐doubt in the context of education.
Macropsis scotti (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) detected in Portugal in blackberry (Rubus) plants, associated with a Rubus stunt disease outbreak
Authors: Mateus Célia , Preza Frederico , Videira Nuno , Pita Nidia , Sousa Esmeraldina , Oliveira Pedro , Wilson Michael R. , Tishechkin Dmitri
Published: July 2023

An outbreak of Rubus stunt disease occurred in a berry production area in South‐West Portugal. Both wild and cultivated blackberry plants showed symptoms. Macropsis spp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) are recognized vectors of the phytoplasma responsible for this disease in Rubus plants. Surveys were conducted in 2016, 2017 and 2018 to look for the vector. All Macropsis specimens collected belonged to M. scotti Edwards and evidence suggests that it had a vectoring role in this outbreak. Owing its monophagy on blackberry plants, it is not likely that it will transfer the disease to the raspberry crop, which is far more economically important in the region than blackberry production.
Beyond borders: Achieving research performance breakthrough with academic collaborations
Authors: Veretennik Elena , Shakina Elena
Published: July 2023

Collaborative research papers are widely acknowledged to be more impactful than single‐authored studies in higher education amidst subject area known to alter citation counts. While preceding studies have mostly recognised these two as the antecedents of research impact separately, it needs to be clarified whether the interaction of research area and type of collaboration causes any moderation. Comprehensive knowledge of differences in impact caused by a certain combination of type and area is important because, if citation impact is associated only with a particular combination, the impact‐based research stimulation programs without regard to combination consequences may be cost‐ineffective if not self‐destructing. This study investigates how research collaborations in academia impact the productivity and impact of university faculty. The focus is on the impact variation due to the type of academic collaboration (internal, domestic, international) and the research area. For the empirical test of this study, publicly open data from 1368 faculty in one of the leading Russian higher education institutions—HSE University. Results have two‐fold nature. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) researchers are more likely to collaborate with domestic co‐authors. This result accentuates the specifics of the academic traditions in the research areas highly recognised for having a long and successful history and worldwide impact on science. The collaborations built on international coauthorship are associated with higher publication visibility rates for researchers from emerging fields in Russia, like those in social sciences and humanities, whereas institutional collaborations are found to be positively related to the share of cited documents. This article sheds light on the differences in academic collaboration mechanisms influencing research productivity and impact in two distinct research areas. It invites revisiting policies stimulating collaborative activities in universities, demonstrating their potentially discrepant consequences. The study's substantial contribution also refers to the use of panel data on personal attributes, research productivity and impact, which is a rare case for research collaboration studies.
DNA barcoding resolves quantitative multi‐trophic interaction networks and reveals pest species in trap nests
Authors: Fornoff Felix , Halla Wenzel , Geiger Sarah , Klein Alexandra‐Maria , Sann Manuela
Published: July 2023

Insects, as one of the most species‐rich taxa with enormous taxonomic, behavioural and functional diversity, are in decline. Bees and wasps are especially crucial for ecosystems as pollinators or to control populations of other insects. To understand population drivers, comprehensive knowledge about top‐down and bottom‐up interactions, including all interaction partners, is needed.

Nests of trap‐nesting bees and wasps include multi‐trophic interactions between bees, wasps, their food resources and natural enemies, simultaneously, however, up to today, all trophic interactions are not yet included in trap nest research because of challenges to identify the food used by nesting bees and wasps.

Here, we reconstructed quantitative three‐ and four‐trophic interaction networks of species in three apoid wasp families using DNA barcoding. The obtained tripartite and quadripartite networks encompassed natural enemy‐wasp‐spider and natural enemy‐wasp‐herbivore‐plant interactions. Moreover, we identified so far undescribed Hymenoptera‐prey interactions, including prey species known as agricultural and forest pests.

More extensive research on bee and wasp multitrophic interaction networks will provide valuable insights to better understand responses to environmental and biodiversity change, to investigate ecological theory and to reveal so far unknown feeding links.
The EU's CBAM and Its ‘Significant Others’: Three Perspectives on the Political Fallout from Europe's Unilateral Climate Policy Initiative
Authors: Smith Ida Dokk , Overland Indra , Szulecki Kacper
Published: July 2023

As part of the European Green Deal, the European Commission has launched a tool to protect the fulfilment of Europe's climate policy targets – the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM). It is thought that the CBAM will spark stiff resistance from Europe's external trade partners, potentially undermining the initiative. How this plays out will depend in part on who the opponents and potential allies are – and how the European Union (EU) engages with them. But which non‐EU countries have a stake in the CBAM? The criteria for selecting third countries that are relevant for the CBAM are often implicit, which can lead to contradictory policy analyses and confused climate diplomacy. This research note compares three different perspectives that result in different lists of non‐EU countries that are important for the success of the CBAM. Awareness of these three perspectives amongst EU actors can help the CBAM succeed.
SAMCEP Society consensus on the treatment of upper facial lines with botulinum neurotoxin type A: A tailored approach
Authors: Braccini F. , Catoni I. , Belfkira F. , Lagier J. , Roze E. , Paris J. , Huth J. , Bronsard V. , Cartier H. , David M. , Galatoire O. , Obadia D. , Sabatier H. , Sarfati E. , Kestemont P. , Winter C. , Redaelli A.
Published: July 2023

Background

The safety and efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) treatments are well established, but injection techniques, target muscles, and toxin doses continue to evolve, with each refinement producing improvements in treatment outcomes. The recommendations in this consensus move away from standard templates and illustrate how to tailor treatments to individual patterns and strengths of muscle activity, and patient preferences.

Methods

Seventeen experts in the fields of plastic surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, and neurology convened in 2022 to develop consensus‐based recommendations for the use of botulinum toxin A for the treatment of horizontal forehead lines, glabellar frown lines, and crow's feet lines that reflect current clinical practice. The focus was on how to tailor injections to individual patients to optimize treatment outcomes.

Results

For each upper face indication, consensus members describe how to perform a dynamic assessment to optimize the dose and injection technique for each patient. A tailored treatment protocol is presented for commonly observed patterns of dynamic lines. Units of Inco are defined and the precise location of injection points, illustrated with the use of anatomical images.

Conclusion

This consensus provides up‐to‐date recommendations on the tailored treatment of upper facial lines based on the latest research and collective clinical experience of the expert injectors. Optimal outcomes require thorough patient evaluation, both at rest and during animation, using both visual and tactile cues; detailed understanding of facial muscular anatomy and how opposing muscles interact; and use of a BoNTA with high precision to target identified zones of excess muscle activity.
Pathological characteristics of breast nodules after large‐volume fat grafting for breast augmentation
Authors: Li Yibao , Yao Yao , Li Jian , He Yunfan , Xu Mimi , Liu Kaiyang , You Xin , Chen Kaiqi , Lu Feng , Gao Jianhua , Liao Yunjun
Published: July 2023

Background

The complications of large‐volume fat grafting (LVFG) for breast augmentation remain unpredictable and include palpable breast nodules, oil cysts, and calcifications.

Aims

This study was aimed to provide an optimal treatment option for breast nodules after LVFG and evaluate their pathological characteristics.

Patients/Methods

We effectively performed complete resection of breast nodules in 29 patients after LVFG using a minimal skin incision with the vacuum‐assisted breast biopsy (VABB) system under ultrasound guidance. And we further carried on histologic examination of excised nodules and evaluated their pathological characteristics.

Results

The breast nodules were excised thoroughly with cosmetic effect satisfactorily. Interestingly, subsequent histologic examination showed that type I and VI collagens were strongly expressed in the fibrotic area and type IV collagen were positively expressed around the blood vessel. Furthermore, we found that the type VI collagen+ area appeared around mac2+ macrophages and α‐SMA+ myofibroblasts.

Conclusions

The VABB system may be the optimal treatment option for breast nodules after LVFG. And type VI collagens may serve as a biomarker of grafted adipose tissue fibrosis. The relationship between macrophages, fibroblasts, and collagen formation may be therapeutic targets for regulating fibrosis.
Beet mosaic virus expression of a betalain transcription factor allows visual virus tracking in Beta vulgaris
Authors: Rollwage Lukas , Maiss Edgar , Menzel Wulf , Hossain Roxana , Varrelmann Mark
Published: July 2023

In the field of plant virology, the usage of reverse genetic systems has been reported for multiple purposes. One is understanding virus–host interaction by labelling viral cDNA clones with fluorescent protein genes to allow visual virus tracking throughout a plant, albeit this visualization depends on technical devices. Here we report the first construction of an infectious cDNA full‐length clone of beet mosaic virus (BtMV) that can be efficiently used for Agrobacterium‐mediated leaf inoculation with high infection rate in Beta vulgaris, being indistinguishable from the natural virus isolate regarding symptom development and vector transmission. Furthermore, the BtMV clone was tagged with the genes for the monomeric red fluorescent protein or the Beta vulgaris BvMYB1 transcription factor, which activates the betalain biosynthesis pathway. The heterologous expression of BvMYB1 results in activation of betalain biosynthesis genes in planta, allowing visualization of the systemic BtMV spread with the naked eye as red pigmentation emerging throughout beet leaves. In the case of BtMV, the BvMYB1 marker system is stable over multiple mechanical host passages, allows qualitative as well as quantitative virus detection and offers an excellent opportunity to label viruses in plants of the order Caryophyllales, allowing an in‐depth investigation of virus–host interactions on the whole plant level.
Locally relevant food‐based recommendations could increase iron and calcium intake for adolescent girls in Vietnam
Authors: Gie Simone Michelle , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Bergeron Gilles , Tran Lan Mai , Hoang Nga Thu , Knight Frances
Published: July 2023

Unhealthy eating habits are common among adolescents in Vietnam, where transitioning food environments increasingly offer energy‐dense micronutrient‐poor foods. Successful behavior change approaches must be feasible and acceptable, promoting local foods that are available, accessible, and preferred. Yet, few studies have investigated the potential of food‐based approaches for adolescents. We used linear programming to identify problem nutrients, local nutrient sources, and realistic food‐based recommendations (FBRs) to improve nutrient intake among girls 16–22 years in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. We then identified a reduced set of FBRs to prioritize the most critical micronutrient gaps. Calcium and iron targets could not be met in any realistic diet modeling scenario. The best set of FBRs included seven recommendations which could meet intake targets for 9 of 11 modeled micronutrients. The best reduced set of three FBRs targeting iron and calcium only—although more feasible for behavior change—was less effective at improving intake of these nutrients since fewer foods were recommended. Given the difficulty of meeting calcium and iron targets using local foods within acceptable dietary patterns, additional interventions, such as supplementation, staple food fortification, or increasing the availability of affordable calcium‐ and iron‐rich foods, may be necessary to promote dietary adequacy for adolescent girls.
A novel acute kidney injury scoring system for renal and clinical outcomes in pediatric heart transplant patients
Authors: Mai Daniel H. , Sutherland Scott , Blinder Joshua , Hollander Seth A.
Published: July 2023

Background

The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with worse outcomes in children after heart transplantation. Our study compares the application of a cumulative six‐point Kidney Diseases Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) AKI scoring system, utilizing both creatinine and urine output criteria that we term as the AKI‐6 criteria, to traditional AKI staging as a predictor for clinical and renal outcomes in the pediatric heart transplant recipients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective single‐center chart review on 155 pediatric patients who underwent heart transplantation from May 2014 to December 2021. The primary independent variable was the presence of severe AKI. Severe AKI by KDIGO was defined as Stage ≥2, whereas severe AKI by AKI‐6 was defined as cumulative scores ≥4 or Stage 3 AKI based on either KDIGO criterion alone. Primary outcomes included actuarial survival and renal dysfunction by 1‐year post‐transplant, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Results

In total, 140 (90%) patients developed AKI; 98 (63%) patients developed severe AKI by KDIGO, and 60 (39%) by AKI‐6. Severe AKI by AKI‐6 was associated with worse actuarial survival following heart transplantation compared with KDIGO (p = 0.01). Of the 143 patients with 1‐year creatinine data, 6 (11%) patients out of 54 with severe AKI by AKI‐6 had evidence of renal dysfunction (p = 0.01), compared with 6 (7%) patients out of 88 by KDIGO (p = 0.3).

Conclusions

AKI‐6 scoring provides greater prognostic utility for actuarial survival and renal dysfunction by 1‐year post‐heart transplantation in pediatric patients than traditional KDIGO staging.
Sunburn and sun protection during recreational outdoor sport in summer: Findings from the German general population aged 16–65 years
Authors: Görig Tatiana , Apfelbacher Christian , Drewitz Karl Philipp , Reimers Anne Kerstin , Breitbart Eckhard W. , Diehl Katharina
Published: July 2023

Background

Sunburn can increase one's risk of developing skin cancer. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of sunburn during recreational outdoor sport (ROS) in summer, to explore the use of different sun protection measures, and to examine factors associated with sunburn during ROS using a population‐based sample from Germany.

Methods

For this cross‐sectional study, 2081 individuals aged 16–65 years who reported being engaged in ROS in summer were surveyed via standardized telephone interviews in 2020 (National Cancer Aid Monitoring, NCAM).

Results

Overall, 16.7% reported experiencing at least one sunburn during ROS in the past twelve months. Sunburn occurrence was negatively associated with the age of the participants (e.g. OR = 0.49 in 56–65 year‐olds, p < .001), and positively associated with skin type I/II (OR = 1.55, p < .001) and with having a higher number of nevi (OR = 1.42, p = .005). While wearing sleeved shirts was the most frequently‐used sun protection measure during ROS (74.9%), wearing headgear was least common in our sample (29.0%). In multivariate analyses, sunburn was positively associated with the use of sun protection measures (e.g. OR = 1.32 for wearing sleeved shirts, p = .02).

Conclusions

Our nationwide data show that ROS is one of the settings where sun protection should play a greater role. Especially in organized sports, particular attention should be devoted to organizational (e.g. exercise outside peak hours) or contextual measures (e.g. shade by the natural or built environment) to prevent skin cancer in later life.
An overview of oxygen transport in plants: diffusion and convection
Authors: Striker G. G.
Published: July 2023

The movement of gases within plants is crucial for species that live in flood‐prone areas with limited soil oxygen. These plants adapt to hypoxia/anoxia not by using oxygen more efficiently, but by ensuring a steady oxygen supply to their cells. Wetland plants typically form gas‐filled spaces (aerenchyma) in their tissues, providing a low‐resistance pathway for gas movement between shoots and roots, especially when the shoots are above water, and the roots are submerged. Oxygen movement in plant roots is mainly through diffusion. However, in certain species, such as emergent and floating‐leaved plants, pressurized flows can also facilitate the movement of gases within their stems and rhizomes. Three types of pressurized (convective) flows have been identified: humidity‐induced pressurization (positive pressure), thermal osmosis (positive pressure with air flow against the heat gradient), and venturi‐induced suction (negative pressure) caused by wind passing over broken culms. A clear diel variation in pressurized flows exists, with higher pressures and flows during the day and negligible pressures and flows during the night. This article discusses some key aspects of these mechanisms for oxygen movement.
Precise vegetation restoration in arid regions based on potential natural vegetation and potential normalized difference vegetation index
Authors: Qu Jia , Liu Qi , Gui Dongwei , Feng Xinlong , Wang Haolin , Zhao Jianping , Wang Guangyan , Wei Guanghui
Published: July 2023

Precise vegetation restoration is critical in drylands, as some inappropriate restoration attempts have even increased water scarcity and degradation in afforestation areas. Potential natural vegetation (PNV) is widely used to provide a reference for the appropriate location and vegetation type of restoration programs while the appropriate restored areas remain unknown. Therefore, we proposed a PNV–potential normalized difference vegetation index (PNDVI) coupling framework based on multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms for precise dryland vegetation restoration. Taking the lower Tarim River Basin (LTRB) with a total area of 1,182 km2 as a case study, its present suitable restoration locations, area, and appropriate planting species were quantitatively estimated. The results showed that the model developed by incorporating PNDVI into PNV with easily measurable and available data such as temperature and soil properties can accurately identify dryland restoration patterns. In LTRB, the potentially suitable habitats of trees and grass are closer to the riverbank, while shrubby habitats are further away from the course, covering 1.88, 2.96, and 25.12 km2, respectively. There is still enormous land potential for further expansion of the current trees and grass in the LTRB, with 2.56 and 1.54% of existing land supposed to be trees and grass, respectively. This study's novel aspect is combining PNV and PNDVI to quantify and estimate precise restoration patterns through multiple ML algorithms. The model developed here can be used to evaluate the suitable reforestation locations, area, and vegetation types in drylands and to provide a basis for precise vegetation restoration.