bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Active Disturbance Rejection Control System for Vehicle Servo Platform Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Yang Fei , Su Xiaopeng , Ren Xuemei
Published: February 2025

The rapid growth of automotive intelligence and automation technology has made it difficult for traditional in-vehicle servo systems to satisfy the demands of modern intelligent systems when facing complex problems such as external disturbances, nonlinearity, and parameter uncertainty. To improve the anti-interference ability and control accuracy of the system, this study proposes a joint control method of electronic mechanical braking control combined with the anti-lock braking system. This method has developed a new type of actuator in the electronic mechanical brake control system and introduced a particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the parameters of the self-disturbance rejection control system. At the same time, it combines an adaptive inversion algorithm to optimize the anti-lock braking system. The results indicated that the speed variation of the developed actuator and the actual signal completely stopped at 1.9 s. During speed control and deceleration, the actuator could respond quickly and accurately to control commands as expected. On an asphalt pavement, the maximum slip rate error of the optimized control method was 0.0428, while the original control method was 0.0492. The optimized method reduced the maximum error by about 12.9%. On icy and snowy roads, the maximum error of the optimization method was 0.0632, significantly lower than the original method’s 0.1266. The optimization method could significantly reduce slip rate fluctuations under extreme road conditions. The proposed method can significantly improve the control performance of the vehicle-mounted servo platform, reduce the sensitivity of the system to external disturbances, and has high practical value.
Investigating CO2 Replacement for the Exploitation of Natural Gas Hydrates: Characteristics and Control Parameters
Authors: Zhu Yan , Zhang Qun , Jiang Haiyan , Chen Guo , Yuan Shibao , Wang Zhe
Published: February 2025

In response to escalating global energy demand and climate change mitigation needs, natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are gaining prominence as a clean energy source. The CO2 replacement method is an innovative NGH extraction technique that reduces reservoir risks and enables CO2 sequestration. However, our understanding of the dynamics and control parameters in the hydrate replacement process is limited. This study pioneers a kinetic analysis and conceptual model for a CO2-driven hydrate replacement, dividing the process into three spatial realms and sequential stages. We identify the optimal injection temperature range for standard NGH reservoirs and highlight the interplay between the gas injection rate and bottom-hole pressure on CH4 yield. Our findings offer insights on how to optimize production efficiency and gas separation, advancing CO2 replacement technology for NGHs.
Effects of Chicken By-Product Meal as a Fish Meal Replacer in Diets With or Without Jack Mackerel Meal Inclusion: Growth and Feed Availability for Rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)
Authors: Kim June , Sim Yu Jin , Cho Sung Hwoan
Published: February 2025

The current experiment is conducted to determine the effects of chicken by-product meal (CBM) as a fish meal (FM) replacer in diets, with or without the inclusion of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) meal (JMM), on the growth and feed availability of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). A two-way ANOVA experimental design [FM replacement level (FMRL, 25% and 50%) × JMM inclusion (without and with)] was adopted. The control (Con) diet contained 55% FM. In the Con diet, 25% and 50% of FM were substituted with CBM, either without or with the inclusion of 22% JMM, referred to as the CBM25, CBM50, CBM25J, and CBM50J diets, respectively. A total of 375 juvenile fish were distributed into 15 tanks with triplicates. The 25% FM replacement diets led to significantly (p < 0.003 and p < 0.004, respectively) greater weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of rockfish than the 50% FM replacement diets. Furthermore, the CBM-replaced diets with JMM inclusion led to significantly (p < 0.003 and p < 0.002, respectively) greater weight gain and SGR of fish compared with those without JMM inclusion. Weight gain and SGR of rockfish fed the Con and CBM25J diets were significantly (p < 0.001 for both) greater than those of fish fed the CBM25, CBM50, and CBM50J diets. However, neither dietary FMRL nor JMM inclusion had significant (p > 0.05) effects on feed consumption, blood chemistry, or the biochemical composition of rockfish. In conclusion, 25% of FM could be replaced with CBM in the 55% FM-based diet, including JMM, without adverse effects on the growth, feed availability, blood chemistry, or biochemical composition (proximate composition and amino and fatty acid profiles) of rockfish.
Planning and Economic Feasibility of Electric-Connected Automated Microtransit First/Last Mile Service Under Uncertainty
Authors: Khan Ata M.
Published: February 2025

Electric-connected automated vehicle (CAV) shuttles, as a part of the sustainable microtransit system, have the potential to fill public transit service gaps. Following technology and traveler acceptance tests that are underway around the world, mass-produced CAVs will be considered for shared mobility service, including “first/last mile” travel between public transit hub stations and medical campuses or other activity centres. Thus, there is a need for increased knowledge on treating risk in such applications. This paper covers the planning and economic feasibility of an advanced technology level 4 automated vehicle-based microtransit system, considering uncertain service and economic feasibility factors. The methods used are advanced for addressing uncertainties in travel demand, service factors, and the economic feasibility of investments by public and private sector entities. Specifically, a probability-based macro simulation approach is used to treat demand and supply-side service factors as stochastic, and it is adapted for risk analysis in financial decision-making. The effects of uncertain life-cycle costs on fares and the rate-of-return are described. Results are favourable regarding the technical and economic feasibility of advanced technology-based microtransit first/last mile service. The findings reported here are a contribution to knowledge on the feasibility of implementing CAV-based first/last mile, and other microtransit services, under uncertainty.
Connecting Health and Technology: Validation of Instant Messaging for Use as Diabetes Mellitus Control Strategy in Older Brazilian Adults
Authors: Costa Manoela Vieira Gomes da , Zandonadi Renata Puppin , Ginani Verônica Cortez , Funghetto Silvana Schwerz , Lima Luciano Ramos de , Rehem Tania Cristina Morais Santa Barbara , Stival Marina Morato
Published: February 2025

Background: Digital technologies are increasingly being used to promote effective health interventions in the older adult population. This study aimed to develop and validate instant messages with educational content related to glycemic control, delivered via an instant messaging application, as a type 2 DM control strategy for older adults. Methods: This was a methodological study that developed instant messages containing text and images. The validation process was conducted by a panel of experts composed of nursing, nutrition, and physical education professionals. SPSS version 25.0 was used for the statistical analysis. A CVI was used to measure the experts’ agreement regarding the validity of the content of the educational messages. An exact test of binomial distribution with p > 0.05, indicating statistical significance, and a 0.95 proportion of agreement was used to estimate the statistical reliability of the CVI. Results: Sixty-one text messages were prepared with illustrations as support, and were divided into three themes. The educational messages were validated by experts, with an average CVI score above 0.80 for all indicators. Conclusions: The educational messages developed in this study were considered relevant and clear for older adults and could be applied in the digital environment, with the objective of helping older adults manage type 2 DM.
Emerging Trends and Issues in Geo-Spatial Environmental Health: A Critical Perspective
Authors: Griffith Daniel A.
Published: February 2025

This opinion piece postulates that quantitative environmental research and public health spatial analysts unknowingly tolerate certain spatial statistical model specification errors, whose remedies constitute some of the urgent emerging trends and issues in this subfield (e.g., forecasting disease spreading). Within this context, this paper addresses misspecifications affiliated with omitted variable bias complications arising from ignoring, and hence abandoning, negative spatial autocorrelation latent in georeferenced disease data, and/or being ill-informed about reigning teledependencies (i.e., long-distance spatial correlations). As imperative academic challenges, it advances elegant and convincing arguments to do otherwise. Its two particular themes are positive–negative spatial autocorrelation mixtures, and hierarchical autocorrelation generated by hegemonic urban systems. Comprehensive interpretations and implementations of these two conjectures constitute future research directions. Important conceptualizations for treatments reported in this paper include confounding variables and Moran eigenvector spatial filtering. This paper’s fundamental implication is an advocacy for a prodigious paradigm shift, a marked change in the collective mindsets and applications of spatial epidemiologists when specifying spatial regression equations to describe either environmental health data, or a publicly transparent geographic diffusion of diseases.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Aromatic A-Ring 23-Oxavitamin D3 Analogues as Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Wang , Lai Feifan , Xu Jianghe
Published: February 2025

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of tumors, and Hh inhibitors have been used as potential chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Vitamin D3 (VD3) and its derivatives have been identified as potent Hh inhibitors. However, the selectivity of VD3 derivatives to vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the Hh signaling pathway still needs optimization. In this study, a series of aromatic A-ring mimics VD3 analogues that contain a C-23 oxygen atom or incorporate C-25 hydroxyl on side chains were designed and synthesized. These compounds were tested in various cell lines for anti-Hh activity, with analogues 3j and 4i identified as potent inhibitors. Mechanism studies showed their anti-Hh effects are mainly due to targeting Smoothened (Smo) without binding to the cyclopamine site. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that VD3-based inhibitors enhance anti-Hh activity by adding a hydroxyl group at C25 while reducing VDR activity by incorporating an oxygen atom into the side chain.
Unraveling the Complex Interplay Between Neuroinflammation and Depression: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sălcudean Andreea , Popovici Ramona-Amina , Pitic Dana Emanuela , Sârbu Diana , Boroghina Adela , Jomaa Mohammad , Salehi Matin Asad , Kher Alsayed Ahmad Mhd , Lica Maria Melania , Bodo Cristina Raluca , Enatescu Virgil Radu
Published: February 2025

The relationship between neuroinflammation and depression is a complex area of research that has garnered significant attention in recent years. Neuroinflammation, characterized by the activation of glial cells and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. The relationship between neuroinflammation and depression is bidirectional; not only can inflammation contribute to the onset of depressive symptoms, but depression itself can also exacerbate inflammatory responses, creating a vicious cycle that complicates treatment and recovery. The present comprehensive review aimed to explore the current findings on the interplay between neuroinflammation and depression, as well as the mechanisms, risk factors, and therapeutic implications. The mechanisms by which neuroinflammation induces depressive-like behaviors are diverse. Neuroinflammation can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines, activate the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and impair serotonin synthesis, all of which contribute to depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the activation of microglia has been linked to the release of inflammatory mediators that can disrupt neuronal function and contribute to mood disorders. Stress-induced neuroinflammatory responses can lead to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that not only affect brain function but also influence behavior and mood. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies that can mitigate the effects of neuroinflammation on mood disorders.
Newborn Screening for Gaucher Disease: Parental Stress and Psychological Burden
Authors: Cazzorla Chiara , Gragnaniello Vincenza , Gaiga Giacomo , Gueraldi Daniela , Puma Andrea , Loro Christian , Benetti Giada , Schiavo Rossana , Porcù Elena , Burlina Alessandro P. , Burlina Alberto B.
Published: February 2025

In the last few decades, neonatal screening (NBS) has expanded to include lysosomal storage diseases, allowing for the early identification of both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. However, neonatal diagnosis of late-onset disorders can cause parental stress and affect family well-being, possibly leading to overmedicalization. The impact of a positive NBS for Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) can have an important impact on parental psychological well-being and psychosocial functioning. This study aims to study parental stress in parents of newborns who had a positive result for Gaucher disease in an NBS program in Northeastern Italy. Fourteen parents (7 fathers and 7 mothers) of seven children with confirmed GD1 (86% boys) completed the Parenting Stress Index—Short Form (PSI-SF) at diagnosis (T0), 12 months (T1), and 36 months (T2). A control group of fourteen parents (7 fathers and 7 mothers) whose children had normal NBS results was included. Interviews were conducted for the GD1 group at T2 to investigate the usefulness of the NBS program. At T0, higher parental stress was assessed in GD1 parents compared to the healthy controls. Subsequently, the parents of GD1 children reported significant reductions in Parental Distress at T1 compared to T0. Mothers showed further reductions at T2, while the fathers’ distress decreased but not significantly. GD1 mothers had significantly higher distress scores than the controls at T1, but this difference diminished over time. Our study highlights the psychological impact of NBS on GD1, emphasizing the need for better multidisciplinary communication to reduce parental stress throughout the diagnostic and treatment process.
Two-Stage Sternotomy Approach to Hostile Chest Reentry for Orthotopic Heart Transplantation
Authors: Dunham Alden J. , Paim N. da Costa Leonardo , Lozonschi Lucian
Published: February 2025

Background: Repeat cardiac operations carry increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to adhesions between the heart and adjacent structures, which increase the complexity of redo sternotomy and the potential for reentry injury. Preoperative CT imaging has been associated with a decreased risk for reentry injury. Methods: We present a series of two cases of complex thorax reentry in which a stepwise sternotomy approach enabled safe reentry. Results: Both patients tolerated the procedure well, with successful orthotopic heart transplantation in each case. A thorough review of the preoperative CT imaging enabled surgical planning to safely navigate structures at high risk for reentry injury. Conclusions: This series demonstrates the utility of two-stage sternotomy in complex thorax reentry cases and the importance of preoperative imaging for the safe surgical planning of such an approach.
Rasch Measurement Model Supports the Unidimensionality and Internal Structure of the Arabic Oswestry Disability Index
Authors: Alnahdi Ali H. , Alsubiheen Abdulrahman M. , Aldaihan Mishal M.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the unidimensionality and internal structure of the Arabic version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in patients with lower back pain (LBP) using the Rasch measurement model. Methods: Patients with LBP (N = 113) completed the Arabic ODI during their first visit to physical therapy departments. The Arabic ODI was examined by assessing its fit to the requirements of the Rasch measurement model. Chi-square statistics for item–trait interaction alongside mean item and person fit residuals were used for overall model fit assessment. Additionally, the analysis included assessments for the fit of individual items, the sequence of thresholds, local dependency, unidimensionality using the t-test method, and differential item functioning (DIF) by sex, age, chronicity, and the presence of radiating pain. Results: The overall fit of the Arabic ODI to the Rasch measurement model was supported by non-significant Chi-square statistics (χ2 = 25.32, p = 0.19) and acceptable mean item and person fit residuals. All items showed acceptable fit (standardized fit residual −1.89 to 1.62) with no violation of local item independence. The t-test method supported the scale’s unidimensionality. The ODI showed good internal consistency with a person separation index of 0.85, with good overall targeting of item thresholds to the participants’ lower back function. Items 2, 7, and 10 showed disordered thresholds, and potential bias by sex was detected in item 9 (social life). Conclusions: The Arabic ODI is a unidimensional measure valid for assessing disability due to low back pain; however, indications of the inappropriate functioning of some response options along with potential bias by sex need to be revisited.
Advancements in Diagnostic Methods and Imaging Technologies in Dentistry: A Literature Review of Emerging Approaches
Authors: de Magalhães Ana Amélia , Santos Ana Teresa
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Recent advancements in diagnostic imaging technologies have significantly improved the field of dental medicine. This review examines these new imaging techniques and their impact on enhancing accuracy, enabling early detection, and facilitating effective treatment planning in dentistry. Methods: A bibliometric and content analysis was conducted on 61 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from the Scopus database, published between 2019 and 2024. The selection criteria focused on studies exploring advances in dental diagnosis through innovative imaging methods and personalized techniques for identifying oral pathologies. The bibliometric approach analyzed publication trends, while content analysis categorized emerging technologies and their clinical applications. Results: Our findings indicate a notable shift towards integrating cutting-edge technologies, including Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), artificial intelligence (AI), and biosensors. These advancements have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, particularly in complex cases such as periodontal diseases, dental fractures, and oral infections. Studies demonstrate that molecular diagnostics and AI-driven algorithms enhance the personalization of treatment plans, optimizing patient outcomes. Conclusions: Emerging diagnostic technologies have the potential to enhance both the quality and efficiency of dental care. However, their implementation is challenged by high costs, the need for specialized training, and disparities in access. Future research should focus on refining AI-driven diagnostic models, addressing regulatory considerations, and expanding the clinical validation of novel imaging tools. As these technologies evolve, they are expected to increase diagnostic specificity, leading to more precise, patient-centered treatment approaches. Ultimately, these advancements offer substantial opportunities to transform dental practice by providing faster, less invasive, and more reliable diagnoses.
Mergers and Acquisitions’ Moderating Effect on the Relationship Between Credit Risk and Bank Value: A Quantile Regression Approach
Authors: Jallad Ra’fat , Tina Ahmad , Persakis Antonios
Published: February 2025

This research explores the relationship between credit risk and bank value within the framework of horizontal mergers and acquisitions (M&A), employing a quantile regression approach to analyze how horizontal M&A activities moderate this relationship across 110 operational Bank Holding Companies (BHCs) over 23 years. This paper stands out from previous studies by extending the scope beyond linear approaches and using the Quantiles via Moments estimator to address potential endogeneity concerns. The results demonstrate a significant negative link between credit risk and bank value, which decreases in magnitude as moving higher in the value distribution. Conversely, there is a consistent positive connection between M&A activities and bank value that is stable across different quantiles of value. Mergers and acquisitions worsen the negative impact of credit risk on bank value, affecting banks with both low and high values similarly. The findings provide useful information for investors, practitioners, and policymakers in the banking industry. Investors may use credit risk and value proposition assessments to make well-informed investment decisions, or to construct well-diversified portfolios, and identify appropriate institutions for mergers and acquisitions to enhance value. It is recommended that practitioners prioritize efficient credit risk management, especially before engaging in M&A activities and aligning them with the bank’s value proposition. Policymakers should develop guidelines to regulate M&A transactions, using established dynamic credit risk standards that correspond to banks’ value propositions, to promote financial stability and drive industry expansion.
Effects of Heyndrickxia coagulans on Waterborne Copper Toxicity
Authors: Huang Chung-Tsui , Chen Chao-Yi , Liang Yao-Jen
Published: February 2025

Copper contamination in coastal water environments poses a significant health risk, and traditional treatments for copper intoxication include gastric lavage, chelation, and hemodialysis. Recent research suggests that probiotics may help mitigate heavy metal toxicity by promoting biosorption in the intestinal tract. To explore this potential, we investigated the protective effects of Heyndrickxia coagulans (H. coagulans) against copper-induced toxicity in rats. After eight weeks of exposure, rats receiving both copper and H. coagulans exhibited significant improvements in renal function, lipid profiles, antioxidant enzyme activity, and histological markers compared to the copper-only group. However, liver function remained largely unchanged, suggesting a more pronounced protective effect on renal health. These findings highlight the potential of H. coagulans as a supportive intervention for mitigating the adverse effects of copper intoxication.
Immunology Highlights of Four Major Idiosyncratic DILI Subtypes Verified by the RUCAM: A New Evidence-Based Classification
Authors: Teschke Rolf
Published: February 2025

Conventionally, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) exists in two types: idiosyncratic and intrinsic. Both types are classified as non-immune disorders, thereby ignoring that some iDILI cases may have an immune or autoimmune background that requires a different therapeutic approach because steroids may be helpful. The purpose of this analysis was to analyze and classify the subtypes of iDILI which, indeed, show autoimmune or immune features among four cohorts, namely idiosyncratic DILI type 1: idiosyncratic drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis (DIAIH), to be differentiated from the classic drug-unrelated idiosyncratic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH); idiosyncratic DILI type 2: human leucocyte antigen-based idiosyncratic drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis; idiosyncratic DILI type 3: anti-cytochrome P450-based idiosyncratic drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis; and idiosyncratic DILI type 4: immune-based idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury associated with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). In conclusion, the traditional non-immune and non-autoimmune iDILI, as well as the four immune or autoimmune iDILI subtypes, are now well classified and clinically characterized by the broadly applied Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM), facilitating additional immunology and therapy studies for the four subtypes, all of which could benefit from steroid treatment.
Turning Waste into Greener Cementitious Building Material: Treatment Methods for Biomass Ashes—A Review
Authors: Bülbül Fatih , Courard Luc
Published: February 2025

The production of biomass ash (BA) is expected to increase in the future, as biomass is generally considered a carbon-neutral fuel. BA potentially concentrates heavy metals and trace elements at high levels. With the growing production of BA, its disposal in landfills or recycling must be addressed through solid waste policies and within the framework of a circular economy. Utilizing BA as a cement substitute solves disposal issues while offering environmental benefits aligned with the circular economy. However, the varying physical and chemical properties of BA, influenced by factors such as biomass type and combustion technique, necessitate more effective utilization strategies. Consequently, researchers are developing various treatment methods to ensure that BA meet the necessary requirements and do not pose problems such as heavy metal or chlorine leaching. These treatments facilitate the production of concrete with higher compressive strength at greater cement replacement levels, supporting greener construction practices. This review consolidates existing BA data and treatment methods, focusing on their impacts and efficiency. It also explores combined treatments and potential new approaches. By providing a foundation for future research and practical applications, this study aims to improve treatment techniques, helping the industry mitigate environmental risks and advance carbon-neutral construction solutions.
Spectral Analysis Implies Spectral Synthesis
Authors: Székelyhidi László
Published: February 2025

In this paper we show that spectral analysis implies spectral synthesis for arbitrary varieties on locally compact Abelian groups that have no discrete subgroups of an infinite torsion-free rank.
Feedback Tracking Constraint Relaxation Algorithm for Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Lai Yuling , Chen Junming , Chen Yile , Zeng Hui , Cai Jialin
Published: February 2025

In practical applications, constrained multi-objective optimization problems (CMOPs) often fail to achieve the desired results when dealing with CMOPs with different characteristics. Therefore, to address this drawback, we designed a constraint multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on feedback tracking constraint relaxation, referred to as CMOEA-FTR. The entire search process of the algorithm is divided into two stages: In the first stage, the constraint boundaries are adaptively adjusted based on the feedback information from the population solutions, guiding the boundary solutions towards neighboring solutions and tracking high-quality solutions to obtain the complete feasible region, thereby promoting the population to approach the unconstrained Pareto front (UPF). The obtained feasible solutions are stored in an archive and continuously updated to promote the diversity and convergence of the population. In the second stage, the scaling of constraint boundaries is stopped, and a new dominance criterion is established to obtain high-quality parents, thereby achieving the complete constrained Pareto front (CPF). Additionally, we customized an elite mating pool selection, an archive updating strategy, and an elite environmental selection truncation mechanism to maintain a balance between diversity and convergence. To validate the performance of CMOEA-FTR, we conducted comparative experiments on 44 benchmark test problems and 16 real-world application cases. The statistical IGD and HV metrics indicate that CMOEA-FTR outperforms seven other CMOEAs.
Finite-Time and Fixed-Time Synchronization of Memristor-Based Cohen–Grossberg Neural Networks via a Unified Control Strategy
Authors: Liu Mei , Lu Binglong , Wang Jinling , Jiang Haijun , Hu Cheng
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on the problem of finite-time and fixed-time synchronization for Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (CGNNs) with time-varying delays and memristor connection weights. First, through a nonlinear transformation, an alternative system is derived from the Cohen–Grossberg memristor-based neural networks (MCGNNs) considered. Then, under the framework of the Filippov solution and by adjusting a key control parameter, some novel and effective criteria are obtained to ensure finite-time or fixed-time synchronization of the alternative networks via the unified control framework and under the same conditions. Furthermore, the two types of synchronization criteria are derived from the considered MCGNNs. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to test the validity of these theoretical conclusions.
Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Function in the Third Year After COVID-19 Hospitalization: A Follow-Up Pilot Study in South-East of Romania
Authors: Vlase Constantin-Marinel , Gutu Cristian , Bogdan Goroftei Roxana Elena , Boghean Andreea , Iordachi Traian Florin Daniel , Arbune Anca-Adriana , Arbune Manuela
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 has been confirmed during the acute stage of the infection. However, the prevalence and spectrum of post-infectious cardiac dysfunction remain incompletely clarified. The objective of our study was to evaluate the frequency of echocardiographic changes 2 years after hospitalization for moderate and severe COVID-19 in patients with no previously known cardiac pathology. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study analyzing severity markers of COVID-19 infection and echocardiographic parameters assessed ≥2 years after the acute illness, based on recent guideline recommended algorithm for echocardiographic diagnostic of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Results: The study included 50 Caucasian patients, 60% male, 54% aged < 65 years, and 32% with severe forms of the disease. The primary comorbidities were hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. COVID-19 severity correlated with the computed tomography (CT) lung lesion score and a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio >6 but was not associated with post-COVID-19 echocardiographic changes. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was reduced in only 18% of cases, but global longitudinal strain (GLS) impairment was observed in 46% of patients, contributing to the LV systolic subclinical dysfunction in 61%. Impaired LV diastolic disfunction with normal pressure filling was present in 30.61% of cases and with elevated pressure 10.2%. Conclusions: COVID-19 is an independent predictive factor for GLS impairment, which can indicate myocardial contractile dysfunction, even in patients with asymptomatic heart disease. This underscores the importance of regular echocardiographic monitoring for patients recovering from moderate to severe COVID-19.
Cutaneous Anguillulosis During Immunotherapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cornillon Pierre , Beguinot Marie , Maillet Denis , Bouleftour Wafa , Bouqallaba Yanis , Flori Pierre , Corbaux Pauline , Li Guorong
Published: February 2025

Immunotherapy has been widely applied to treat metastatic renal cell cancer patients. Managing the side effects of immunotherapy can be a challenge. Here, we describe a rare presentation of cutaneous anguillulosis during immunotherapy. The patient experienced a rash eruption after receiving immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell cancer. The diagnosis of skin toxicity caused by immunotherapy was rejected after the failure of treatment by cortisone. The travelling history and a laboratory test confirmed the presence of anguillulosis infection. A diagnosis of cutaneous anguillulosis was established. Satisfactory treatment with ivermectin was achieved for cutaneous lesions. Immunotherapy was restored without any skin symptoms. We suggested the possible mechanism of cutaneous demonstration of immune inflammatory syndrome during the immunotherapy of a cancer patient with parasitic infection. It was concluded that a comprehensive search for previous infectious pathogens should be performed to ensure a correct diagnosis and timely treatment.
Comparison of Standard Neoadjuvant Therapy and Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Terms of Effectiveness in Patients Diagnosed with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Bayramgil Ayberk , Bilici Ahmet , Tatlı Ali Murat , Kahraman Seda , Altintas Yunus Emre , Akgul Fahri , Aykan Musa Barış , Hamdard Jamshid , Sezgin Göksu Sema , Şendur Mehmet Ali Nahit , Selçukbiricik Fatih , Ölmez Ömer Fatih
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The study aimed to compare the treatment effectiveness of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing standard neoadjuvant therapy or total neoadjuvant therapy. It also sought to identify prognostic factors for disease-free survival and overall survival and parameters predictive of pathological complete response. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 239 patients diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer between 2016 and 2022 at several medical centers in Turkey. Clinical data, including neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy types, chemotherapy regimens, surgical outcomes, and survival metrics, were collected. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate prognostic factors for disease-free survival and overall survival and logistic regression to identify predictors of pathological complete response. Results: Among 239 patients, 46.9% received total neoadjuvant therapy, while 53.1% underwent standard neoadjuvant therapy. Total neoadjuvant therapy was associated with a significantly higher pathological complete response rate (45.5% vs. 14.9% in standard neoadjuvant therapy; p < 0.001) and longer disease-free survival (median 124.2 vs. 72.4 months). The 3-year overall survival rate for all patients was 90.7%, and disease-free survival was 76.8%. Multivariate analysis identified pathological complete response (HR: 2.34), total neoadjuvant therapy (HR: 5.12), and type of surgery (HR: 8.12) as independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival, and pathological complete response and absence of lymphovascular invasion as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Logistic regression analysis showed that total neoadjuvant therapy (OR: 4.40) and initial neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR: 2.02) were independent predictors of achieving pathological complete response. Conclusions: Total neoadjuvant therapy significantly improves pathological complete response rates, disease-free survival, and overall survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer compared to standard neoadjuvant therapy. Total neoadjuvant therapy and achieving pathological complete response are strong independent prognostic factors for both disease-free survival and overall survival, suggesting that a more intensive neoadjuvant approach may lead to better outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer. The increased pathological complete responses rate with total neoadjuvant therapy has created an opportunity for the development of new treatment modalities and the advancement of non-surgical management strategies in the future.
Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Prolonged Treatment with Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Filev Rumen , Lyubomirova Mila , Bogov Boris , Kolevski Alexander , Pencheva Victoria , Kalinov Krasimir , Rostaing Lionel
Published: February 2025

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent bacterial infections, with Klebsiella pneumoniae emerging as a significant multidrug-resistant pathogen, particularly in healthcare settings. The frequent utilization of β-lactams and fluoroquinolones has contributed to the reduced clinical application of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TRS). Nevertheless, this reduced use may have preserved its efficacy as a second-line therapy. The aim of this study is to determine whether TRS can be a cost-effective long-term solution for patients with multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae UTIs. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a structured, long-term TRS regimen in 11 patients with recurrent K. pneumoniae UTIs who had failed at least two prior antibiotic treatments. Patients were carefully selected, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings demonstrated microbiological eradication and symptomatic relief in all patients, with only one case of a delayed allergic reaction. All patients had a negative urine microbiology analysis after at least two unsuccessful treatment attempts over a period of 6 to 18 months. These results underscore TRS’s potential as a cost-effective and efficient second-line treatment, particularly in settings with limited therapeutic options. Its affordability, manageable side effect profile, and ability to target biofilm-associated infections further highlight its therapeutic value.
Variation in Linseed Oil Composition: Impact of Cultivar, Cultivation System, and Year of Cultivation
Authors: Dąbrowski Grzegorz , Tańska Małgorzata , Czaplicki Sylwester , Sadowski Tadeusz , Rychcik Bogumił , Kostrzewska Marta K. , Antoszkiewicz Zofia , Konopka Iwona
Published: February 2025

Linseed oil quality depends on cultivar and agriculture practice/conditions. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the main variable, which was continuous cropping system vs. crop rotation system. The aim of this study was to compare the oil content and composition (fatty acid composition and sterol, tocochromanol, carotenoid, and phenolic contents) of two fiber-type linseed cultivars (Modran and Nike). All measurements were performed according to standard chromatographic/spectrophotometric procedures typical for oil analysis. The factors that affected the crop yield and oil quality of the tested cultivars included the cultivation system (crop rotation or continuous cropping), plant protection level (herbicide application or no herbicide application), and year of cultivation (2018 and 2019). The cultivars exhibited high oil content (35.4–42.7%) with substantial omega-3 fatty acid (α-linolenic acid) content (53.6–62.2% of total fatty acids). The primary bioactive components in all the oils were sterols (dominated by β-sitosterol), with their content reaching 5079 mg/kg, and tocochromanols, with their content reaching 679 mg/kg (dominated by γ-tocopherol), which was influenced by all of the studied factors. In contrast, carotenoids and phenolic compounds constituted a smaller fraction of the oils (up to 17 and 159 mg/kg, respectively), but their content was the most variable and was strongly dependent on the cultivation year and cultivation system (CV 21 and 37%, respectively). In summary, the results of the current study showed that continuous linseed cropping resulted in increased levels of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and γ-tocopherol in oil. Our findings indicated that the oil content was mostly affected by the cultivar and cultivation year, while the α-linolenic acid content in the oil was also affected by plant protection practices. These findings may be helpful in predicting the composition of obtained linseed oil and applying proper cultivation technology, depending on the purpose of oil usage.
Trends and Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease Mortality in the United States: The Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Chaddha Jasleen , Blaney Eli , Al-Salahat Ali , Noor Amna , Billion Taylor , Chen Yu-Ting , Tauseef Abubakar , Sood Akshat , Abdul Jabbar Ali Bin
Published: February 2025

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the fifth leading cause of death for Americans older than 65. Though fluctuations have been noticed over the past two decades, the mortality of Alzheimer’s patients increased considerably during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the temporal trends in AD-associated mortality (ADAM) and disparities in these trends, and we aim to discern changes to these trends during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The CDC WONDER Multiple Cause-of-Death Public Use Records from 1999 to 2022 were used to extract population data on deaths related to AD and stratify them based on age, biological sex, race, ethnicity, place of death, census region, and state. ICD-10 codes G30.0, G30.1, G30.8, and G30.9 were used to identify AD-related mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using the Joinpoint Regression Program version 5.0.2. Results: We confirmed an increase in mortality rate in all races, sexes, places of death, age groups above 65, and states/census regions. Interestingly, the age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) of AD was consistently higher in females compared to males. Non-Hispanic whites had the highest AD mortality by race and ethnicity. At the intersection of race and biological sex, White females had the highest AAMR with AD. Lastly, we noted an increase in AD mortality at hospice facilities as compared to other places of death. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that the number of deaths due to AD was exacerbated by the recent pandemic and that White females were disproportionately affected. The disparities relating to ADAM uncovered in this study may assist healthcare administrators and policymakers in their decisions. Additionally, the findings might help initiate larger studies focusing on these disparities to explore novel risk/prognostic factors for AD.
Association of Oxidative Stress Markers with Incident Hyperglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an Educational Intervention
Authors: Ruiz-Martínez Mónica L. , Gómez-Díaz Rita A. , Valdez González Adriana Leticia , Ángeles Mejía Selene , Mondragón González Rafael , Díaz Flores Margarita , Saldaña Espinoza Ricardo César , Ramírez-García Luz Angélica , Díaz Velázquez Mary Flor , Wacher Niels H.
Published: February 2025

Background/Objective: This study is aimed to assess the link between oxidative stress markers and incident hyperglycemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during an educational intervention. Methods: The study used a prospective cohort. Pregnant women with GDM who were 18–40 years old (n = 201) participated in an 18-month postpartum educational intervention emphasizing healthy practices (nutrition, breastfeeding, physical activity, and psychosocial support). GDM women were tested with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after the third month postpartum, and were classified as follows: (1) incident hyperglycemia (IHypergly) (n = 86) if they had a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 100–125 mg/dL, and impaired glucose tolerance of 2 h (140–199 mg/dL), or type 2 diabetes (T2D) with an FPG ≥ 126 or ≥200 mg/dL (2 h); and (2) without incident hyperglycemia (n = 115) if they had an FPG < 100 mg/dL and <140 mg/dL 2 h post-OGTT. Participants were evaluated at the end of pregnancy and post-intervention. Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, dietary, and oxidative stress markers data (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, antioxidant capacity, carbonylated proteins, and adiponectin) were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified an association between oxidative stress markers and incident hyperglycemia in women with GDM. Results: A total of 6% progressed to T2D, and 36.8% to prediabetes. At baseline, Ihypergly women exhibited elevated oxidative stress markers and adiponectin, and lower antioxidant capacity. Post-intervention, they showed higher antioxidant capacity, GSH, and adiponectin, and lower MDA. Basal malondialdehyde, pregestational BMI, HbA1c, and sugary food consumption positively correlated with Ihypergly. A high intake of antioxidants inversely correlated with incident hyperglycemia. Conclusions: Higher concentrations of plasma markers of oxidative stress are associated with postpartum incident hyperglycemia in women with gestational diabetes.
Augmenting Cognitive Function in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CBT-LR5: A 12-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Non-Comparative Study
Authors: Jung Su-Jin , Cho Kyohee , Jung Eun-Soo , Son Dooheon , Byun Jong-Seon , Kim Song-In , Chae Soo-Wan , Yang Jong-Chul , Lee Seung-Ok , Lim Sanghyun
Published: February 2025

Background: Probiotics have been shown to enhance cognitive function in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but their efficacy varies, depending on the strain and dosage. Objectives: Clinical investigations are crucial to confirm their safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action. This study was designed to assess the effective dosage, safety, and efficacy of MH-Pro, a test product containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CBT-LR5 (LR5) and skim milk (non-fat dry milk), in improving cognitive function and related physiological changes in older adults suspected of MCI over 12 weeks. Methods: In total, 20 participants (mean age: 68.9 years) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a low-dose group (1 × 1010 CFU LR5 with 1622 mg) or a high-dose group (1 × 1010 CFU LR5 with 4055 mg skim milk) in a double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial. Results: After 12 weeks, the low-dose group showed significant improvements in the MOCA-K subdomains, specifically in naming (p = 0.01) and delayed recall (p = 0.003). Additionally, levels of amyloid-β1 40/42 in the blood significantly decreased (p = 0.03) following supplementation in the low-dose group. The high-dose group exhibited significant improvement in orientation (p = 0.05). Moreover, overall cognitive enhancement was observed in the low-dose group (p = 0.003), while the high-dose group showed a trend toward improvement (p = 0.06). Fecal analysis revealed significant changes in bacterial composition, with an increase in Lacticaseibacillus after 12 weeks of MH-Pro consumption. Together, these findings provide foundational evidence suggesting that MH-Pro supplementation may serve as a potential intervention for enhancing cognitive function through gut–brain axis pathways in the elderly population. However, given the small sample size and the predominance of female participants, the impact of the outcome may be limited. Further large-scale studies are necessary to validate these preliminary results. Conclusions: This study provides foundational evidence to recognize the use of LR5 and skim milk to prepare a probiotic supplement that enhances cognitive function in the aging population.
Photochemical Acylation of 1,4-Naphthoquinone with Aldehydes Under Continuous-Flow Conditions
Authors: Yaseen Madyan A. , Oelgemöller Michael
Published: February 2025

A series of photoacylations of 1,4-naphthoquinone with various aldehydes and using Pyrex-filtered UVB light was conducted under continuous-flow conditions. Acetone served as a triplet photosensitizer and convenient solvent that kept all materials in solution and could be easily removed. The corresponding acylated 1,4-naphthohydroquinone photoproducts were obtained in acceptable to excellent yields of 30–90% with residence times of just 70 min. The photoacylation process was successfully coupled with in-line oxidation to obtain acylated 1,4-naphthoquinones.