bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurogenesis during Abstinence Is Necessary for Context-Driven Methamphetamine-Related Memory
Authors: Galinato Melissa H. , Takashima Yoshio , Fannon McKenzie J. , Quach Leon W. , Morales Silva Roberto J. , Mysore Karthik K. , Terranova Michael J. , Dutta Rahul R. , Ostrom Ryan W. , Somkuwar Sucharita S. , Mandyam Chitra D.
Published: January 2018

Abstinence from methamphetamine addiction enhances proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors and increases adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG). We hypothesized that neurogenesis during abstinence contributes to context-driven drug-seeking behaviors. To test this hypothesis, the pharmacogenetic rat model (GFAP-TK rats) was used to conditionally and specifically ablate neurogenesis in the DG. Male GFAP-TK rats were trained to self-administer methamphetamine or sucrose and were administered the antiviral drug valganciclovir (Valcyte) to produce apoptosis of actively dividing GFAP type 1 stem-like cells to inhibit neurogenesis during abstinence. Hippocampus tissue was stained for Ki-67, NeuroD, and DCX to measure levels of neural progenitors and immature neurons, and was stained for synaptoporin to determine alterations in mossy fiber tracts. DG-enriched tissue punches were probed for CaMKII to measure alterations in plasticity-related proteins. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed in acute brain slices from methamphetamine naive (controls) and methamphetamine experienced animals (+/−Valcyte). Spontaneous EPSCs and intrinsic excitability were recorded from granule cell neurons (GCNs). Reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking enhanced autophosphorylation of CaMKII, reduced mossy fiber density, and induced hyperexcitability of GCNs. Inhibition of neurogenesis during abstinence prevented context-driven methamphetamine seeking, and these effects correlated with reduced autophosphorylation of CaMKII, increased mossy fiber density, and reduced the excitability of GCNs. Context-driven sucrose seeking was unaffected. Together, the loss-of-neurogenesis data demonstrate that neurogenesis during abstinence assists with methamphetamine context-driven memory in rats, and that neurogenesis during abstinence is essential for the expression of synaptic proteins and plasticity promoting context-driven drug memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur work uncovers a mechanistic relationship between neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and drug seeking. We report that the suppression of excessive neurogenesis during abstinence from methamphetamine addiction by a confirmed phamacogenetic approach blocked context-driven methamphetamine reinstatement and prevented maladaptive changes in expression and activation of synaptic proteins and basal synaptic function associated with learning and memory in the dentate gyrus. Our study is the first to demonstrate an interesting and dysfunctional role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis during abstinence to drug-seeking behavior in animals self-administering escalating amounts of methamphetamine. Together, these results support a direct role for the importance of adult neurogenesis during abstinence in compulsive-like drug reinstatement.
An Interaction between Serotonin Receptor Signaling and Dopamine Enhances Goal-Directed Vigor and Persistence in Mice
Authors: Bailey Matthew R. , Goldman Olivia , Bello Estefanía P. , Chohan Muhammad O. , Jeong Nuri , Winiger Vanessa , Chun Eileen , Schipani Elke , Kalmbach Abigail , Cheer Joseph F. , Balsam Peter D. , Simpson Eleanor H.
Published: January 2018

The functionally selective 5-HT2C receptor ligand SB242084 can increase motivation and have rapid onset anti–depressant-like effects. We sought to identify the specific behavioral effects of SB242084 treatment and elucidate the mechanism in female and male mice. Using a quantitative behavioral approach, we determined that SB242084 increases the vigor and persistence of goal-directed activity across different types of physical work, particularly when work requirements are demanding. We found this influence of SB242084 on effort, rather than reward to be reflected in striatal DA measured during behavior. Usingin vivofast scan cyclic voltammetry, we found that SB242084 has no effect on reward-related phasic DA release in the NAc. Usingin vivomicrodialysis to measure tonic changes in extracellular DA, we also found no changes in the NAc. In contrast, SB242084 treatment increases extracellular DA in the dorsomedial striatum, an area that plays a key role in response vigor. These findings have several implications. At the behavioral level, this work shows that the capacity to work in demanding situations can be increased, without a generalized increase in motor activity or reward value. At the circuit level, we identified a pathway restricted potentiation of DA release and showed that this was the reason for the increased response vigor. At the cellular level, we show that a specific serotonin receptor cross talks to the DA system. Together, this information provides promise for the development of treatments for apathy, a serious clinical condition that can afflict patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMotivated behaviors are modulated by reward value, effort demands, and cost-benefit computations. This information drives the decision to act, which action to select, and the intensity with which the selected action is performed. Because these behavioral processes are all regulated by DA signaling, it is very difficult to influence selected aspects of motivated behavior without affecting others. Here we identify a pharmacological treatment that increases the vigor and persistence of responding in mice, without increasing generalized activity or changing reactions to rewards. We show that the 5-HT2C-selective ligand boosts motivation by potentiating activity-dependent DA release in the dorsomedial striatum. These results reveal a novel strategy for treating patients with motivational deficits, avolition, or apathy.
A Voice for Slaves
Authors: Burnard Trevor
Published: January 2018

This article examines the office of the Fiscal in Berbice (later British Guiana) between 1819 and 1834—a period encompassing amelioration and emancipation. It looks in particular at the lives and concerns of enslaved women as revealed in an extraordinary set of slave testimonies collected as part of the Fiscal’s duties. It outlines the peculiar nature of the Office of the Fiscal and how it allowed enslaved women a voice to complain about aspects of their treatment under slavery in a particularly harsh slave regime. It connects this office also to a developing ideology of “protection” to be extended to non-whites in the British Empire in the second and third decades of the nineteenth century. Using the concept of “moral economy” as developed many years ago by E.P. Thompson to analyse early nineteenth-century British working class culture and as extended by Emilia Viotta Da Costa to Demerara and Berbice, it suggests that enslaved women had clear expectations of what could be rightfully expected of them and what were unjust demands within a slave system designed to keep enslaved women in their place.
Maternal exposure to UV filters: associations with maternal thyroid hormones, IGF-I/IGFBP3 and birth outcomes
Authors: Krause M , Frederiksen H , Sundberg K , Jørgensen F S , Jensen L N , Nørgaard P , Jørgensen C , Ertberg P , Petersen J H , Feldt-Rasmussen U , Juul A , Drzewiecki K T , Skakkebaek N E , Andersson A M
Published: January 2018

Background

Several chemical UV filters/absorbers ('UV filters' hereafter) have endocrine-disrupting properties in vitro and in vivo. Exposure to these chemicals, especially during prenatal development, is of concern.

Objectives

To examine maternal exposure to UV filters, associations with maternal thyroid hormone, with growth factor concentrations as well as to birth outcomes.

Methods

Prospective study of 183 pregnant women with 2nd trimester serum and urine samples available. Maternal concentrations of the chemical UV filters benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in urine and 4-hydroxy-benzophenone (4-HBP) in serum were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The relationships between 2nd trimester maternal concentrations of the three chemical UV filters and maternal serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and growth factors, as well as birth outcomes (weight, height, and head and abdominal circumferences) were examined.

Results

Positive associations between maternal serum concentrations of 4-HBP and triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its binding protein IGFBP3 were observed in mothers carrying male fetuses. Male infants of mothers in the middle 4-HBP exposure group had statistically significantly lower weight and shorter head and abdominal circumferences at birth compared to the low exposure group.

Conclusions

Widespread exposure of pregnant women to chemical UV filters and the possible impact on maternal thyroid hormones and growth factors, and on fetal growth, calls for further studies on possible long-term consequences of the exposure to UV filters on fetal development and children’s health.
ASPEK BIOLOGI, DINAMIKA POPULASI DAN TINGKAT PEMANFAATAN RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) DI PERAIRAN KOTABARU, KALIMANTAN SELATAN
Authors: Tirtadanu Tirtadanu , Suman Ali
Published: January 2018

Penangkapan rajungan yang intensif di perairan Kotabaru memerlukan kajian biologi dan dinamika populasi sebagai dasar dalam menentukan pengelolaan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek biologi, dinamika populasi dan tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya rajungan di perairan Kotabaru. Penelitian dilakukan pada Januari – November 2016 di daerah pendaratan rajungan di Kotabaru. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan tiap bulan berbasis enumerator dengan metode random sampling. Analisis dinamika populasi dilakukan dengan model analitik berdasarkan pergeseran modus struktur ukuran lebar karapas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modus ukuran rajungan tertangkap adalah 110 mmCW pada jantan dan 120 mmCW pada betina. Pertumbuhan bobot rajungan jantan lebih tinggi dibandingkan betina. Nisbah kelamin rajungan tidak seimbang dengan perbandingan jantan dan betina adalah 1,7 : 1. Ukuran rata-rata pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) rajungan betina adalah 110,25 mmCW. Lebar karapas asimptotik (CW) rajungan adalah 179,2 mmCW pada jantan dan 183,6 mmCW pada betina. Laju pertumbuhan rajungan (K) adalah 1,36 per tahun pada jantan dan 1,11 per tahun pada betina. Laju eksploitasi (E) rajungan sebesar 0,68 pada jantan dan 0,77 pada betina menunjukkan tingkat pemanfaatan lebih tangkap (overfishing). Pengelolaan yang disarankan adalah mengurangi upaya penangkapan sekitar 54% dari 4.190 unit armada jaring rajungan, penentuan ukuran minimum rajungan yang boleh tertangkap sebesar 110 mmCW sebagai masukan bila ada revisi terhadap peraturan tentang penangkapan rajungan dan dilakukan penutupan penangkapan pada beberapa daerah asuhan. Intensive fishing on blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) in Kotabaru waters requires biological study and population dynamic as bases to determine proper management. The current research aims to study biological aspects, population dynamic and exploitation rate of crab in Kotabaru waters. The research was conducted on January-November 2016 at landing site of crab in Kotabaru. Samples were collected every month by enumerator with random sampling method. Population dynamic was analysed by analytical model. Results show that the mode of carapace width was 110 mmCW in males and 120 mmCW in females. The growth in weight of male was greater than female. Sex ratio of male and female crabs was (1.7:1). Length at first (Lm) of female crab was 110.25 mmCW. The asymptotic carapace width (CW) of crab was 179.2 mmCW for male and 183.6 mmCW for female. The growth rate of crab (K) was 1.36 year-1 for male and 1.11 year-1 for female. The explotation rate (E) of crab was 0.68 for males and 0.77 for female so that the exploitation was overfished. From the results obtained, it suggests that the fishing effort should be reduced to 54% of 4.190 gillnet fleet and the minimum legal size would be at 110 mmCW as input for regulation if is needed and it should be determined the closure of fishing activities in some nursery grounds.
Anticoagulation in patients with cardiac manifestations of Chagas disease and cardioembolic ischemic stroke
Authors: Monteiro Jean M.C. , San-Martin Daniel L. , Silva Beatriz C.G. , Jesus Pedro A.P. de , Oliveira Filho Jamary
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objectives To describe anticoagulation characteristics in patients with cardiac complications from Chagas disease and compare participants with and without cardioembolic ischemic stroke (CIS). Methods A retrospective cohort of patients with Chagas disease, using anticoagulation, conducted from January 2011 to December 2014. Results Forty-two patients with Chagas disease who were using anticoagulation were studied (age 62.9±12.4 years), 59.5% female and 47.6% with previous CIS, 78.6% with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and 69.7% with dilated cardiomyopathy. Warfarin was used in 78.6% of patients and dabigatran (at different times) in 38%. In the warfarin group, those with CIS had more medical appointments per person-years of follow-up (11.7 vs 7.9), a higher proportion of international normalized ratios within the therapeutic range (57% vs 42% medical appointments, p = 0.025) and an eight times higher frequency of minor bleeding (0.64 vs 0.07 medical appointments). Conclusion Patients with Chagas disease and previous CIS had better control of INR with a higher frequency of minor bleeding.
Thymoquinone reverses learning and memory impairments and brain tissue oxidative damage in hypothyroid juvenile rats
Authors: Baghcheghi Yousef , Hosseini Mahmoud , Beheshti Farimah , Salmani Hossein , Anaeigoudari Akbar
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced memory impairment was investigated in juvenile rats. The rats were grouped into control, Hypo, Hypo-TQ5 and Hypo-TQ10. Propylthiouracil increased latency time in the Morris water maze test and decreased delay in entering the dark compartment in the passive avoidance test. Both 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses of TQ decreased latency time in the Morris water maze test and increased delay in entering the dark compartment in a passive avoidance test. The PTU also increased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolites in the brain while reduced the thiol content and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and serum T4 level. Both doses of TQ decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide metabolites in the brain while enhanced the thiol content and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and serum T4 level. The results of the present study showed that TQ protected against PTU-induced memory impairments in rats.
Tradições Intelectuais na Ciência Política Brasileira Contemporânea
Authors: Leite Fernando
Published: January 2018

RESUMO O artigo analisa o papel de diversas tradições intelectuais na estruturação da produção da Ciência Política brasileira. Toma-se como referência a produção veiculada nos 23 periódicos nacionais A1, A2 e B1 listados no Qualis da área de Ciência Política, relativa ao triênio de 2010-2012. A partir de categorias como periódicos, áreas temáticas e abordagens, usa-se técnicas de redução dimensional e verifica-se que certas tradições intelectuais – “humanística” e “científica”, nomotética e ideográfica – contribuem para determinar essa estrutura. Oposições específicas, como entre tradições “teórica” e “empírica”, também contribuem para estruturar a oposição. Argumenta-se que a Ciência Política brasileira autonomiza-se privilegiando uma tradição científica mais ortodoxa.
Científicos Periféricos, entre Ariel y Calibán. Saberes Institucionales y Circuitos de Consagración en Argentina: Las Publicaciones de los Investigadores del CONICET
Authors: Beigel Fernanda
Published: January 2018

RESUMEN Argentina tiene un campo científico dinámico, predominantemente público, que triplicó la cantidad de investigadores full-time en la última década y repatrió más de mil investigadores argentinos que habían emigrado en épocas de crisis. Paralelamente, sin embargo, se profundizó la polarización entre los científicos internacionalizados y los que tienen una orientación más endógena. Aunque conviven tendencias autónomas y heterónomas en todo el campo, se han consolidado circuitos segmentados de consagración que evidencian la disputa entre dos tipos de prestigio: uno internacional versus otro local/nacional. En la primera parte de este artículo analizamos la morfología de esta elite académica bifronte y describimos sus formas de producción y circulación. En la segunda parte, nos concentramos en el perfil internacionalizado, a través de un estudio empírico de las publicaciones “más relevantes” que los investigadores del Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) eligen para solicitar promoción.
Capacidade estatal, burocracia e tributação nos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Marenco André , Strohschoen Maria Tereza Blanco , Joner William
Published: January 2018

Resumo Diagnósticos sobre relações intergovernamentais e implementação de políticas públicas após a Constituição de 1988 enfatizaram os elementos de descentralização, centralização ou coordenação federativa. Sem desprezar mecanismos institucionais que estruturam relações verticais entre governos federal, estadual e municipais, este trabalho pretende analisar diferenças entre os 5,5 mil municípios brasileiros no que diz respeito a indicadores de sua capacidade estatal. Busca-se examinar em que medida municípios com burocracias profissionalizadas tiveram melhores condições para aproveitar a transferência de responsabilidades e autoridade política e administrativa para governos municipais, ampliando seu potencial para tributar e implementar políticas públicas. Adotou-se a definição restrita de capacidade estatal, utilizando-se a “escala weberiana” proposta por Evans e Rauch como medida. Para operacionalizá-la, foi considerada a proporção de “estatutários com formação superior” entre servidores públicos nas 5,5 mil administrações municipais brasileiras. Como variável dependente, foi utilizada a arrecadação de Imposto sobre a Propriedade Predial e Territorial Urbana como proporção da receita própria municipal. Os resultados mostraram que administrações municipais com serviço público mais profissionalizado incrementam suas razões de chance para arrecadação do imposto patrimonial.
Ideas and Practices of Democracy: the reactualisation of isonomy and isegory within social movements
Authors: Masse Cédric
Published: January 2018

Abstract How is public participation achieved within social movements? Does it fundamentally rely on politico-economic conditions or does it primarily refer to the ideal or discursive sphere? This problem is addressed through a critical synthesis of theories that deal with this issue (resource mobilisation theories, political process model, Jürgen Habermas, Richard Sennett and Alexis de Tocqueville) and, empirically, through the observation and analysis of concrete modalities of public participation within Portuguese social movements (from a “qualitative” sociology or an ethnography of some movements carried out in Lisbon between 2010 and 2012). In this context, as elsewhere, public participation especially rests upon two linked ethical and political axioms: isonomy - the same law for everyone, the economic basis of public participation - and isegory - the same time to speak for everyone, the ideal foundation of public participation. Thus, to understand the how of public participation within social movements, it is necessary to overcome the traditional dichotomy between materialistic theories that stress the economic dimension of public participation and social movements, and idealistic approaches that address the symbolic and cultural aspects.
Activismo juvenil en partidos con gestiones de gobierno a nivel subnacional en Argentina (2007-2015)
Authors: Vázquez Melina , Cozachcow Alejandro
Published: January 2018

Resumen El trabajo propone explorar las condiciones de posibilidad y los modos en que se produce un ciclo de participación política juvenil en Argentina que encuentra en los espacios político-partidarios uno de sus renovados escenarios. Luego de una profunda crisis de representación política que llevó al activismo juvenil a impugnar la política en relación con sus manifestaciones político-partidarias y estatales, los partidos políticos comenzaron a recrear espacios de militancia juvenil, al mismo tiempo que fueron receptores de nuevos activistas que entran a la política. En este proceso se destaca el peso que cobraron partidos políticos que, además, estuvieron a cargo de gestiones de gobierno a nivel nacional y subnacional. En el artículo se busca analizar qué rasgos, propiedades y características dan forma a una nueva figura de activismo entre los y las jóvenes que forman parte de estas experiencias. Más concretamente, propone analizar cómo se ingresa a la militancia, qué sentidos se construyen sobre la misma y qué relaciones se producen entre el activismo y el trabajo en el Estado en relación con dos partidos que se ocupan de gestiones de gobierno en la Provincia de Santa Fe (de la mano del Partido Socialista) y en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (por parte de Propuesta Republicana). Se recupera la sociología francesa del activismo militante para mostrar quiénes son los y las jóvenes activistas que militan en ambos partidos, de qué modos participan dentro de los mismos, así como en las gestiones de gobierno de sus respectivos partidos, y qué significados se construyen en torno a las articulaciones y desplazamientos entre las carreras militantes y laborales de las y los activistas. El enfoque que sigue el trabajo permite pensar elementos comunes en relación con los activismos juveniles en partidos en/de gestión más allá de las diferencias político-ideológicas que los caracterizan. El artículo recoge resultados de una investigación más amplia realizada en el Equipo de Estudios de Políticas y Juventudes (IIGG-UBA) sobre la participación juvenil en partidos políticos en Argentina. En este caso en particular, se recuperan las entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a dirigentes y militantes juveniles con distintos niveles de responsabilidad dentro de cada partido; encuestas fueran aplicadas con jóvenes de ambos partidos y observaciones participantes realizadas en instancias de reunión definidas como juveniles por parte de ambos partidos.
Clientelismo y corrupción en contextos de baja estatalidad, una relación mutualista
Authors: Díaz Emilio Moya , Raimán Daniel Paillama
Published: January 2018

Resumo El presente artículo tiene como finalidad indagar el tipo de relación que se establece entre el clientelismo político y la corrupción en contextos de baja estatalidad. La corrupción y el clientelismo son dos fenómenos bien diferenciados con características propias y que, si bien son distinguibles a nivel teórico, a nivel empírico es difícil su distinción. En contextos de baja estatalidad se establece una relación de mutualismo ya que las redes que los componen se superponen, se comunican y se benefician unas con otras. Para cumplir con el objetivo de la investigación, se utilizó una metodología de carácter cualitativo. Para la recolección de la información se realizaron 30 entrevistas en profundidad (9 autoridades municipales, 4 funcionarios municipales, 14 presidentes de organizaciones sociales y comunitarias y 3 proveedores de bienes y servicios al municipio). El contexto en que se realizó la investigación fueron tres municipios de la Región de la Araucanía en Chile que presentan un grado bajo de estatalidad. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas a partir del análisis fenomenológico buscando explicar y describir las relaciones entre clientelismo y corrupción. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se destaca que existe un tipo de relación que puede llegar a ser muy beneficiosa, es decir mutualista, entre el clientelismo y la corrupción. El artículo pretende ser un aporte empírico a la discusión sobre las relaciones que se establecen entre clientelismo político y corrupción en determinados contextos. Al mismo tiempo, los conceptos de clientelismo político y corrupción son entendidos como un fenómeno social que quebrantan la formalidad de los procesos y, por tanto, no se circunscriben a fenómenos que necesariamente están ligados a la ilegalidad. En otras palabras, son conceptos que se entienden desvinculados de una connotación moral.
Factors associated with abnormalities of the cytopathological uterine cervix test in South of Brazil
Authors: Melo Willian Augusto de , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Alvarenga Aline , Carvalho Maria Dalva de Barros
Published: January 2018

Abstract Objectives: to identify factors associated with abnormal cytopathological test uterine cervix. Methods: it is a analytical study with the participation of 390 women who presented abnormal cytopathological from a city in the state of Paraná in 2012. They were randomly selected through sampling plan. Sociodemographic information such as age, marital status, education level and ethnicity were considered independent variables while the high or low-grade cytological lesions as dependent variable. We analyzed the data statistically by Yates Corrected test, Fisher exact test and measures of association by odds ratio. For all analyzes was considered significance level of 5% and 95% confidence interval. Results: the mean age was 38.8 years, 72.9% were married or common-law marriage, 49.7% with low education level and 87.4% race/color white. HPV contamination was detected in 49.7% of women and high-grade cytological lesions in 18.2%. The low educa-tional level (95%OR=4.07) and non-white ethnicity (95%OR=2.22) were strongly associated with the development to cervical lesions (p<0.05). Conclusions: sociodemoghaphic characteristics were crucial to high-risk lesions and development of cervical cancer, especially in women with low educational level and race/color black or brown. These results confirm the persistence of diseases related to preventable and avoidable causes in the country.
Gestational and congenital syphilis: maternal, neonatal characteristics and outcome of cases
Authors: Soares Larissa Gramazio , Zarpellon Bruna , Soares Leticia Gramazio , Baratieri Tatiane , Lentsck Maicon Henrique , Mazza Verônica de Azevedo
Published: January 2018

Abstract Objectives: to describe the occurrence of gestational and congenital syphilis in Guarapuava-PR, according to maternal, neonatal characteristics and outcome of cases. Methods: cross-sectional study, retrospective, held in Guarapuava/PR, with secondary data collected in the laboratory of clinical analyses and information system of Compulsory Notification, collected between October 2015 and August/2016, the variables were described through absolute and relative frequencies. Results: of the 40 newborn (NB) children ofpregnant women with syphilis, 30.0% had congenital syphilis. The variables that were associated with were: gestational quarter of positive examination (p=0.008), number of antenatal consultations (p=0.041), gestational risk stratification (p= 0.041) and treatment of partner (p<0.001). The variables that were associated with the occurrence of congenital syphilis were: risk classification at birth (p=0.004) and examination VDRL in the peripheral blood of the NB (p=0.004). Conclusions: reinforcing prenatal, with the early capture of the pregnant woman by basic care, expansion of the diagnostic coverage and timely and adequate treatment of the pregnant woman and partner, as a prophylactic measure of a possible reinfection.
Serum markers thrombophilia in pregnant women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Oliveira Vanessa Marcon de , Figueiró-Filho Ernesto Antonio , Ferreira Cristiane Munaretto , Pereira Erica Freire de Vasconcelos
Published: January 2018

Abstract Objectives: to determine the frequency of serum markers for hereditary and acquired thrombophilia and their association with pregnancy in women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Methods: a case-control study was conducted among 25 pregnant women with SLE (study group) and 32 pregnant women without known disease and with at least one previous pregnancy (control group). The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and hereditary thrombophilia were examined in both groups. We used the y2 Test with Yates correction or Fisher's Exact Test to verify the associations and calculate the relative risk. Results: thrombophilia was present in 72.0% of pregnant women with SLE and in 6.0% of patients in the control group. A significant association was found between the presence of SLE and serum markers for hereditary thrombophilia / antiphospholipid antibodies (p<0.05). The relative risks for antiphospholipid antibodies were 13.20 (ICR95%= 1.81 - 96.46) in pregnant women with SLE, 7.26 (CI95%= 1.77 - 29.86) for the presence of serum markers of hereditary thrombophilia and 7.92 (CI95%= 2.62 - 3.94) for the presence of hereditary thrombophilia and/or antiphospholipid antibodies. Conclusions: the identification of markers for hereditary and/or acquired thrombophilia in pregnant women with lupus may be clinically useful to determine which patients have a higher risk of obstetric complications.
Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in mammals, birds and reptiles at the zoological-botanical park in João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
Authors: Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Brasil Arthur Willian de Lima , Parentoni Roberta Nunes , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro , Nety Thiago Ferreira Lopes , Pena Hilda Fátima de Jesus
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to verify the occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 51 wild animals at the Arruda Câmara Zoological-Botanical Park in João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. Blood samples from different bird, mammal and reptile species were analyzed using the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) with a cut-off point of 1:25. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 62.4% of the 51 tested animals. The following frequencies were found: 68.9% (20/29) in mammals, 80% (8/10) in birds, and 33.3% (4/12) in reptiles. This paper reports for the first time the occurrence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in birds of the species Pionites leucogaster (caíque), Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (hyacinth macaw), Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl), Urubitinga urubitinga (Brazilian eagle), and Buteo melanoleucus (black-and-white hawk-eagle). Reptiles of the species Caiman crocodilus (spectacled caiman), Chelonoidis carbonaria (red-footed tortoise) and Paleosuchus palpebrosus (Cuvier’s dwarf caiman) were seropositive for T. gondii, although the significance of the presence of these anti-T. gondii antibodies in this group of animals requires a more in-depth study. We conclude that the frequency of antibodies found in the animals of this zoo is high and that the prophylactic measures that aim to diminish the environmental contamination by oocysts are necessary.
Entomopathogenic fungi associated with citrus blackfly (Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby) in Southern Bahia
Authors: Lima Bruno Marcus Freire Vieira , Almeida José Eduardo Marcondes de , Moreira José Osmã Teles , Santos Luís Coelho dos , Bittencourt Maria Aparecida Leão
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT: The Brazilian citrus industry is the world leading producer of concentrated orange juice. The presence of citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Brazilian citrus orchards has led to agribusiness problems due to damages and inadequate control measures. Entomopathogenic fungi act as natural control in high precipitation regions, being important components of integrated management. The objective of this work was to identify entomopathogenic fungi associated with citrus blackfly in the southern region of the state of Bahia. Orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and Tahiti lime (Citrus latifolia Tann.) leaves infested with citrus blackfly eggs, nymphs and pupae were collected in orchards in the municipalities of Ilhéus and Laje, Bahia, Brazil. Fragments of fungi colonies were disinfected with 70% alcohol and 2% sodium hypochlorite, and then washed with distilled water. After drying, the material was placed in Petri dishes with PDA and chloramphenicol, which were placed in bio-oxygen demand (BOD) incubators (27 ± 2 ºC, 12-hour photophase) until spore production. After isolation, the fungi were replaced in PDA Petri dishes and kept under continuous fluorescent light for 30 days to stimulate growth and spore production. The fungi isolates were preserved in test tubes containing PDA and mineral oil, and then stored at 18 ºC in a refrigerated incubator. Entomopathogenic fungi Aschersonia cf. aleyrodis Webber and Aegerita webberi Fawcett were associated with citrus blackfly in Southern Bahia.
Classification and infection mechanism of entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Mora Margy Alejandra Esparza , Castilho Alzimiro Marcelo Conteiro , Fraga Marcelo Elias
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic fungi are important biological control agents throughout the world, have been the subject of intensive research for more than 100 years, and can occur at epizootic or enzootic levels in their host populations. Their mode of action against insects involves attaching a spore to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, penetration of the cuticle, and dissemination inside the insect. Strains of entomopathogenic fungi are concentrated in the following orders: Hypocreales (various genera), Onygenales (Ascosphaera genus), Entomophthorales, and Neozygitales (Entomophthoromycota).
Aspectos biológicos de Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 (Acari: Tetranychidae) alimentados com folhas de batata-doce pulverizadas com o 2,4-D
Authors: Silva Ludmila Aglai da , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , Aguiar Luciana Monteiro , Ferreira Caroline Conrado , Vieira Estela Rosana Durães , Santos José Barbosa dos
Published: January 2018

RESUMO: Batata-doce [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] apresenta grande versatilidade de usos no Brasil. Com a ampliação das áreas de cultivo, essa espécie estará sujeita à contaminação por herbicidas. Eventualmente, organismos não alvos podem ser expostos aos resíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar aspectos biológicos do ácaro Tetranychus ludeni alimentado com folhas de batata-doce pulverizadas com diferentes doses do herbicida 2,4-D. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Controle Biológico da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), em Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Foram utilizadas 175 fêmeas de T. ludeni e 6 doses de 2,4-D, em g.ha-1 (8,06; 20,15; 40,30; 80,60; 201,50; e 806,00), mais o tratamento-controle com água destilada. Adotou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e cinco repetições, contendo cinco fêmeas de T. ludeni em cada repetição. Foram avaliados a mortalidade inicial do ácaro em 24 h, o número de ovos, as ninfas e a longevidade das fêmeas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias significativas analisadas pelo teste de Duncan. Observou-se que doses maiores desse herbicida podem aumentar a mortalidade e reduzir a longevidade das fêmeas de T. ludeni.
Metabolites from endophytic Aspergillus fumigatus and their in vitro effect against the causal agent of tuberculosis
Authors: SILVA Emily Marcele Soares , SILVA Ingrid Reis da , OGUSKU Mauricio Morishi , CARVALHO Clarice Maia , MAKI Cristina Sayuri , PROCÓPIO Rudi Emerson de Lima
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most deadly communicable infectious diseases, causing 1.4 million deaths in 2015 worldwide due to many conditions, including the inadequate treatment and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of the causal agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, drugs developed from natural sources, as microorganisms and plant extracts, are a frequent target for the research and discovery of antimicrobial compounds. The current study started the characterization of compounds produced by an Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from copaíba (Copaifera multijuga) that efficiently inhibits M. tuberculosis by releasing the compounds into the fermentation broth under specific culture conditions. A preliminary assay was carried out with a correlate species, M. smegmatis, aiming to detect an antimicrobial effect related to A. fumigatus fermentation broth. The direct use of this substrate in antibiosis assays againstM. tuberculosis H37Rv strain (ATCC 27294) allowed the detection of antimicrobial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 256 μg mL-1, demonstrating that purification processes developed by the Biotage Flash Chromatography System are robust and reliable techniques for purification of compounds from natural sources. Also, this chromatographic system can be used in combination with specific biochemical tests, improving the search for reliable results. We conclude that this fraction can express a broad action range, inhibiting both Mycobacterium species used as target organisms.
Seeds of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis, Euphorbiaceae) as a feed ingredient for juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, and matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Characidae)
Authors: ARAÚJO-DAIRIKI Thyssia Bomfim , CHAVES Francisco Célio Maia , DAIRIKI Jony Koji
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) is a plant native to the Peruvian Amazon with seeds that contain 24 to 29% protein, and levels of vitamin A and E and omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that are suitable for fish nutrition. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the use of sacha inchi seeds as an ingredient in the diets of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus). The acceptance and effect of three levels of sacha inchi seed meal (0, 15 and 30%) in fish feed was evaluated in a randomized experiment, testing groups of 12 juvenile tambaquis (29.8 ± 1.0 g, 11.0 ± 1.4 cm) and groups of eight juvenile matrinxãs (34.8 ± 1.3 g, 13.7 ± 1.0 cm). Growth performance and body composition of the fish were determined at the end of the experiment. An effect of the sacha inchi diet was only observed for feed conversion of tambaquis, which was worst at the highest level of sacha inchi seed. In conclusion, sacha inchi can be added to feed juvenile tambaquis at a level of 15%, and juvenile matrinxãs at 30% without compromising growth performance and body parameters of the fish.
The influence of sex ratio on the reproduction of pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, in captivity
Authors: LIMA Adriana Ferreira
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Because sex ratio in the broodstock can influence the reproductive behaviour of a species, the influence of sex ratio on the reproductive success of pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, in captivity was assessed. Pirarucu breeders were stocked in 0.10-0.13 ha earthen ponds at three sex ratios in quadruplicate: one male to one female (1M1F); one male to two females (1M2F); and two males to one female (2M1F). Eight spawning events occurred, seven of them with the 1M1F sex ratio, which was the most successful of the three tested sex ratios.
First phytochemical description of essential oils from Piper cachimboense (Piperales, Piperaceae)
Authors: KRINSKI Diones , FOERSTER Luís Amilton , DESCHAMPS Cicero
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Piper cachimboense is recorded only for the Amazon region of Brazil and Colombia, and the objective of this study was to report the first phytochemical assessment of the composition of the essential oils (EOs) from this species collected in the Amazon rainforest, in Novo Progresso, Pará State, Brazil. Samples of leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical identification was carried out by gas chromatography. The yield of oils was of 11.03 ± 5.94% for fresh leaves, and 1.07 ± 0.27% for dry leaves. The analysis showed 36 volatile compounds from fresh leaves and 49 from dried leaves. Main constituents in EOs of both fresh and dried leaves from P. cachimboense were (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene-D, γ-amorfene, δ-cadinene and apiole.
DISCURSO JORNALÍSTICO E A SUPOSTA IMPARCIALIDADE: OS MODOS DE APROPRIAÇÃO DO DISCURSO DE OUTREM COMO INDICATIVOS DE POSICIONAMENTOS IDEOLÓGICOS
Authors: Santos André Cordeiro dos , Rodrigues Siane Gois Cavalcanti
Published: January 2018

RESUMO: Tomando parte na discussão que há no campo da teoria do jornalismo sobre a objetividade e a subjetividade, e falando do lugar da linguagem, neste trabalho, propomos que os modos de apropriação do discurso de outrem podem ser um meio à resolução desse impasse, pois levantamos a hipótese de que eles evidenciam posicionamentos sócio-ideológicos do sujeito-jornalista em relação ao objeto de enunciação. Para tanto, partimos da concepção de linguagem do chamado Círculo de Bakhtin e tomamos notícias dos dois jornais mais lidos do estado de Pernambuco, Diário de Pernambuco e Jornal do Commercio, respectivamente, sobre Eduardo Campos, candidato à presidência do Brasil em 2014. As análises feitas mostraram que os modos de apropriação do discurso de outrem podem servir a efeitos de sentidos diversos entre si e que, quando da apropriação do discurso de outrem, o sujeito-jornalista não cede lugar ao outro, mas, sim, fala junto com ele, evidenciando posicionamentos ideológicos por meio das notícias.
Quantitative ethnobotany of a restinga forest fragment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Fonseca-Kruel Viviane Stern da , Araujo Dorothy Sue Dunn de , Sá Cyl Farney Catarino de , Peixoto Ariane Luna
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT An ethnobotanical study was carried out in the local fishing community of Arraial do Cabo Municipality, starting with an inventory of a restinga forest remnant adjacent to the community being studied. Using quantitative ethnobotany methodology allied with ecological parameters (frequency, density, dominance and their relative values, importance value index), we sampled 296 individuals and identified 41 species in 26 families and 36 genera. The highest use value (U.V.) was attributed to Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Based on these data we interviewed local fishermen regarding useful species. We used structured interviews and quantitative analysis based on informant consensus. The 22 different types of usage mentioned were placed in five categories: food, medicine, technology, construction and firewood. Selective extraction of wood for construction, firewood and boat repair were the most important use values, involving 46% of the species, 57% of the families and 80% of the individuals.
A utilização de plantas pelos pescadores, coletores e caçadores pré-históricos da restinga de Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Kneip Lina Maria
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Este estudo apresenta alguns resultados das pesquisas arqueológicas e interdisciplinares desenvolvidas em sítios arqueológicos tipo "sambaqui", localizados no município de Saquarema, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Enfatizando na análise a utilização de plantas silvestres pelos pescadores, coletores e caçadores pré-históricos da área de restinga situada entre a lagoa de Saquarema e o oceano Atlântico, observou-se que a coleta vegetal seria bem intensa tanto para fins alimentares quanto econômicos. Correlacionando tipos de cobertura vegetal (botânica) e unidades de paisagens (geologia), foi possível compor o quadro paisagístico contemporâneo às ocupações humanas. As análises antropológicas foram de fundamental importância. A pesquisa cobre um período de tempo que vai de 4520 ± 190 a 1790 ± 50 anos A.P.
Classificação das fitofisionomias da América do Sul cisandina tropical e subtropical: proposta de um novo sistema - prático e flexível - ou uma injeção a mais de caos?
Authors: Oliveira-Filho Ary T.
Published: January 2018

RESUMO O presente trabalho propõe um novo sistema de nomenclatura e classificação fisionômico-ecológica para a vegetação da América do Sul tropical e subtropical a leste dos Andes. A formulação do sistema procura desempenhar o papel de ferramenta da linguagem técnica e científica, mas também resistiu a trazer mais uma visão pessoal sobre as variações da vegetação. Desta maneira, o foco foi para a comunicação pela via da articulação prática e flexível de um conjunto de símbolos. Esta abordagem contrasta com aquelas que associam a precisão da linguagem a uma série de definições rígidas. Por outro lado, a formulação procurou também evitar excessos de liberdade para não perder o alvo prático em meio à anarquia. Foi por esse motivo que a proposta utilizou como ponto de partida o sistema mais familiar ao meio acadêmico: a classificação do IBGE para a vegetação brasileira. Entre as propostas de melhoria destacam-se as possibilidades de combinar símbolos para atender a uma ampla variação da escala espacial e respectivos níveis de detalhamento e de escolher apenas os símbolos com maior poder de descrição em cada caso.
Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae s.s. no Nordeste Brasileiro
Authors: Alves-Araújo Anderson , Dutilh Julie Henriette Antoinette , Alves Marccus
Published: January 2018

RESUMO O presente levantamento de Amaryllidaceae s.s. e Alliaceae s.s. no Nordeste do Brasil registrou 22 espécies. Amaryllidaceae está representada por 20 espécies e quatro gêneros: Griffinia (8 spp.), Habranthus (6), Hippeastrum (5) e Hymenocallis (1 spp.); e Alliaceae por duas espécies de Nothoscordum. São apresentadas chaves de identificação, descrições, ilustrações e dados sobre o habitat e distribuição geográfica das espécies no Nordeste.
Competências Digitais e Superdotação: uma Análise Comparativa sobre a Utilização de Tecnologias
Authors: PEDRO Ketilin Mayra , CHACON Miguel Claudio Moriel
Published: January 2018

RESUMO diante da popularização das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) e da facilidade de acesso à internet que temos atualmente, não podemos ignorar que os estudantes de hoje estão imersos em uma cultural digital, apresentam características e comportamentos diferenciados, são influenciados pelo enorme fluxo de informações disponíveis na internet e pela interatividade imediata proporcionada pelos recursos digitais. Considerando as habilidades destes estudantes em buscar, selecionar e compartilhar informações, é possível refletir e investigar a maneira como os estudantes precoces e/ou com comportamento superdotado relacionam-se com a tecnologia. Consideramos as TDIC como importantes ferramentas intelectuais para enriquecimento de estudantes superdotados, no entanto, é necessário identificar as habilidades que são específicas destes estudantes e aquelas que são comuns a todos os nativos digitais, para que possamos orientá-los e ajudá-los a desenvolver competências digitais. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo é verificar a qualidade das ações de estudantes nativos digitais sem e com precocidade e/ou comportamento superdotado em relação às TDIC. Quanto ao método, trata-se de um estudo comparativo que descreve o uso que os estudantes precoces e/ou com comportamento superdotado (G1) e estudantes sem esta especificidade (G2), dos anos iniciais e finais do ensino fundamental, fazem das TDIC. Observamos que embora as habilidades e competências digitais dos estudantes, de ambos os grupos, sejam semelhantes, os estudantes do G1 demonstravam mais qualidade nas ações. Constatamos que G1 apresentou mais ações conscientes, tendo ocorrido maior diferença entre os estudantes dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, atribuída às características do fenômeno da precocidade.