bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METODE PENGAWASAN PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DI KOTA PALOPO
Authors: Sulaeman Budiawan , Sari Andi Katini
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1)untuk menjelaskan metode pengawasan pencemaran lingkungan (2)untuk menjelaskan pengelolaan drainase, dan (3)untuk menganalisis apakah ada hambatan dalam pengawasan pencemaran lingkungan dan pengelolaan drainase di Kelurahan Pontap Kecamatan Wara Timur serta bagaimana mengatasinya.Tabel frekuensi dari hasil penelitian, menunjukkan rata-rata 277,23 dan dengan menggunakan skala likert masuk pada gradasi puas. Penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Metode Pengawasan Pencemaran Lingkungan Kota palopo dan pengelolaan drainase yang difokuskan di Kelurahan Pontap berjalan dengan baik atau dengan kata lain masyarakat puas terhadap metode pengawasan yang diberikan oleh pihak Pemerintah Kelurahan Pontap Kecamatan Wara Timur Kota Palopo. Adapun hambatan yang timbul dalam pelaksanaan pengwasan lingkungan di Kelurahan Pontap yaitu penggunaan drainase yang kurang maksimal karena masih ada warga dan para pengusaha kurang menyadari akan pentingnya drainase dalam kebersihan suatu lingkungan serta keterkaitannya dengan peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat. Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Kota Palopo sebaiknya menambah unit kontainer sampah (koordinat: S 2°59’08” E 120°11’55”) yang akan ditempatkan di Kelurahan Pontap Kecamatan Wara Timur.
PENGEMBANGAN JARINGAN KOMPUTER UNIVERSITAS ANDI DJEMMA BERDASARKAN PERBANDINGAN PROTOKOL ROUTING STATIK DAN OSPFV2
Authors: Muhallim Muhlis
Published: January 2021

Pengembangan jaringan komputer baik itu jaringan lokal maupun jaringan internet pada Universitas Andi Djemma sangat dibutuhkan untuk mendukung keperluan pertukaran data antar fakultas dan universitas dalam administrasi aktivitas mahasiswa. Untuk mendukung pengembangan jaringan tersebut dibutuhkan gambaran jaringan yang akan menghubungkan antar fakultas di Universitas Andi Djemma dengan menerapkan routing statik sebagai routing yang diterapkan sekarang dan routing OSPFv2 sebagai routing protokol perbandingan untuk pengembangan jaringan. Pengembangan jaringan dilakukan dalam bentuk modeling (simulasi) menggunakan GNS3. Jaringan yang menerapkan routing statik dan OSPFv2 dianalisis untuk mengetahui kinerja dari routing protokol tersebut. Parameter QoS delay, throughput, jitter dan packet loss sebagai parameter pengujian. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan mengirimkan PING dengan protokol ICMP. Hasil pengukuran delay dan jitter yang dihasilkan dari pengujian menunjukkan bahwa OSPFv2 dapat memperpendek proses routing dalam pengiriman paket dibandingkan statik. Nilai rata-rata throughput untuk skenario normal pada OSPFv2 sebesar 568,63 Bps dan statik sebesar 565,63 Bps. Untuk skenario sibuk pada OSPFv2 sebesar 514,48 Bps dan statik sebesar 515,11 Bps. Nilai rata-rata untuk packet loss untuk kedua jenis jaringan adalah 0%. Walaupun perbandingan nilai dari hasil pengujian tidak terlalu signifikan, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa jaringan dengan menerapkan routing OSPFv2 memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jaringan yang menerapkan routing statik.
Deepfakes: A Grounded Threat Assessment
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Hwang Tim
Published: January 2021

The rise of deepfakes could enhance the effectiveness of disinformation efforts by states, political parties and adversarial actors. How rapidly is this technology advancing, and who in reality might adopt it for malicious ends? This report offers a comprehensive deepfake threat assessment grounded in the latest machine learning research on generative models.
Mainframes: A Provisional Analysis of Rhetorical Frames in AI
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Imbrie Andrew , Dunham James , Gelles Rebecca , Aiken Catherine
Published: January 2021

Are great powers engaged in an artificial intelligence arms race? This issue brief explores the rhetorical framing of AI by analyzing more than 4,000 English-language articles over a seven-year period. Among its findings: a growing number of articles frame AI development as a competition, but articles using the competition frame represent a declining proportion of articles about AI.
AI Definitions Affect Policymaking
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Murdick Dewey , Dunham James , Melot Jennifer
Published: January 2021

The task of artificial intelligence policymaking is complex and challenging, made all the more difficult by such a rapidly evolving technology. In order to address the security and economic implications of AI, policymakers must be able to viably define, categorize and assess AI research and technology. In this issue brief, CSET puts forward a functional definition of AI, based on three core principles, that significantly outperforms methods developed over the last decade.
Kata Qawl, Kalam Dan Derivasinya Dalam Terjemah Ta’lim Al-Muta’aalim Karya Aliy As’ad
Authors: Marup
Published: January 2021

The Book of Ta'lim Al-Muta'allim is a book compiled and composed by Syekh Al-Zarnujy, and translated by Aliy As'ad, is a book and reference as well as guidance for a claimant of knowledge in order to gain useful knowledge for himself in particular and society in general.In this analysis, the data that has been collected and arranged, is then sorted out words that have translation problems in the translation of the Ta'lim Al-muta'allim using a dictionary. To find out the words that are considered meaningful Qawl, Kalam, and their different derivative forms of words and to find out the relationship of these words, the Semantic science approach is used, precisely by using the Translation Problems.After doing research, it is found that the Translation Problems of the Qawl, Kalam, and its derivatives, namely: the words Qawl, Kalam, and their derivatives when juxtaposed with God means to speak, juxtaposed with the Prophet / Apostle means to say, and if juxtaposed with Man means to say or speak. Issues that are problematic in translation are caused by differences in the scope of meaning, differences in use, differences in the use of forms, differences in the field of meaning, and differences in social and cultural culture.
HUBUNGAN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) DENGAN PEMAHAMAN JIWA KEAGAMAAN SISWA DI BENGKULU SELATAN
Authors: Chandra Pasmah , Della Carolina
Published: January 2021

Islamic religious education  taught in schools is an important subject for students. Islamic Religious Education does not only cover cognitive sense in the form of knowledge and material, but more broadly covers the psychomotor domain and especially the affective domain which leads to the formation of student morals. Even Islamic Religious Education instilled in students must be able to form a strong understanding of the religious soul in students. Some previous studies have not touched on the level of understanding of the religious soul in students as a result of Islamic Religious Education. Previous studies only discussed the extent of Islamic Religious Education is relationship with the formation of students' character or character. The purpose of the research is to find out the relationship of Islamic Religious Education learning with the understanding of students' religious souls. The research method that I use is a type of quantitative research using the product moment formula and the data collection tools used in the form of observation, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. The sample in this study amounted to 36 people. Based on the results of research and calculations with an error level of 5% (trust) and N (36), then r table = 0.329. Then the price r count is greater than r table or 0.696> 0.329. Thus the results were obtained that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, meaning that there was a relationship between Islamic religious education learning and the understanding of the religious life of students of class sains in senior high school of 05 Bengkulu Selatan.
Exploring the Potentials of Curcumin as a Single Agent in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Ghandi Ibrahim Kasimu , Yusuf Jega Amina
Published: January 2021

Despite the rising global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a collection of cardio-metabolic risk factors that predispose individuals who have them to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, its management is still based on the treatment of the different risk factors. There is currently no single therapeutic agent that is used for the concurrent treatment of all the risk factors. The current push for the use of natural products in the management of diseases has inspired research into the beneficial effects of many plant products. Curcumin is a bioactive curcuminoid from the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) that has been shown to possess anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, hypolipidaemic and anti-hypertensive properties amongst others. These properties are closely linked to the ability of curcumin to act on several molecular targets in the body to bring about its effects. Considering these anti-MetS activities of curcumin, it holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the holistic treatment of the syndrome.
ANALISIS KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA SELAMA PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Yusri Dairina , Dausat Jangky , Adnin Ali Yukla , Sahrul Sahrul
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze: (1) The ability of MTs students. Private Zakiyun Najah Sei Rampah in learning independently during online learning, (2) Model and application of online learning at Zakiyun Najah Private School, (3) constraints on the application of online learning at MTs Zakiyun Najah Sei Rampah. This research uses qualitative research methods, based on descriptive studies. With data collection techniques used include interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the independent learning of students through online learning is created slowly; this is due to the various limitations possessed by teachers and students. The model and application of online learning is carried out by providing subject matter through assignments given through remote arak with the android application system, WA and video calls. Many obstacles faced by students in implementing online learning include ownership of an android, network limitations, and the inability to buy packages.
RAGAM ALTERNATIF MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAI BERBASIS PSIKOMOTORIK SELAMA MASA PANDEMI DI MA PERSIAPAN NEGERI 4 MEDAN
Authors: Muthalib Abdul , Aisyah Aisyah , Sukari Endang , Aulia Rafika
Published: January 2021

The development of the Covid-19 outbreak has indeed had a major impact on all sides of human life, including in the world of education. The world of education seems to make the house an educational institution that can replace formal educational institutions. Learning using the internet network or so-called brave learning (online). Brave learning may be new to some teachers, but maybe some already consider it familiar. The purpose of this study was to find out about the Variety of Alternative Psychomotor-based PAI Learning Media During Covid-19 at MA Preparation 4 Medan.The results obtained from this research are learning that can be done in any condition, but of course the results will not be optimal learning that is done face-to-face in the classroom. To optimize it, of course many are done by teachers. Especially in the PAI subject, several innovations have been made to optimize learning outcomes, namely: 1) Innovations such as presenting learning with multimedia, 2) Online-based discussions and assignments. Teaching also has obstacles in its application, especially in the MA preparatory 4-field country, some of these obstacles: 1) Signal interference that cannot be avoided. 2) Lack of parental and teacher cooperation in managing courageous learning. 3) Limited costs make students reluctant to take bold lessons.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS 'ABILITY TO IDENTIFY PLANTS IN THE STKIP SOE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Liunokas Angreni
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the ability of students to identify plant species and to identify the types of plants identified. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with the subject of 29 students of Biology Education Study Program STKIP Soe in the 2018/2019 school year who took the course of Plant Anatomy and Morphology. The research began with the preparation of the instrument, taking students to explore plants in the campus environment and taking specimens identification, then providing identification test questions. Observations were made during student activities. Data processing of test results and observation sheets by counting the total score and converted into a value form then interpreting the value based on the predicate. Based on the results of research students ‘ability to identify plants based on indicators observing the characteristics of plant specimens achieved only students look capable but not maximal so categorized enough and the results of observations of students’ ability to identify plant species in the medium category. The results of identification there are 43 types of plants that are classified into 27 families.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP BERBASIS KOMPUTER PADA PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA
Authors: Ihsan Muhammad Shohibul , Hadisaputra Saprizal , Ramdani Agus , Al Idrus Agil
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan instrumen pemahaman konsep berbasis komputer yang valid sebagai alat ukur pemahaman konsep peserta didik pada mata pelajaran kimia dengan materi pokok struktur atom. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) mengacu pada model pengembangan ADDIE meliputi tahap Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. Pengujian instrumen dalam pembelajaran dilakukan pada peserta didik kelas X MIA MA Nahdlatul Wathan Mataram, NTB. Desain uji coba penelitian ini menggunakan One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase rata-rata nilai kelayakan instrumen dari ketiga validator sebesar 86.3% dengan kriteria sangal layak. Penggunan instrumen pemahaman konsep berbasis komputer pada uji coba terbatas mendapatkan nilai rata-rata dari guru dan peserta didik sebesar 80.4% dengan kriteria sangat praktis. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa media instrumen pemahaman konsep berbasis komputer yang dikembangkan memiliki kriteria valid dan praktis untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep peserta didik
ANALISIS MISKONSEPSI PADA MATERI SISTEM REPRODUKSI SISWA KELAS XI MAN 1 LOMBOK BARAT TAHUN AJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Pratama Surya , Al Idrus Agil , Kusmiyati Kusmiyati , Setiadi Dadi
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi pada materi sistem reproduksi siswa Kelas XI MAN 1 Lombok Barat melalui penggunaan instrumen three tier test. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MAN 1 Lombok Barat (MIA, IPS dan Bahasa). Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 60 siswa yang terdiri dari 30 siswa kelas XI MIA 1 dan 30 siswa kelas XI MIA 2. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik cluster sampling, yaitu teknik penentuan sampel berdasarkan perbedaan karakteristik kelas. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif menggunakan rumus persentase berdasarkan kriteria pemahaman konsep yang dicari. Hasil analisis miskonsepsi pada materi sistem reproduksi dengan menggunakan instrumen three tier test didapatkan siswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi paling banyak pada indikator 4 sebesar 83,33% (klasifikasi sangat tinggi) dan siswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi paling sedikit pada indikator 1 sebesar 68,33% (klasifikasi tinggi). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami miskonsepsi sangat tinggi pada konsep pemahaman yang rendah maupun yang membutuhkan pemahaman tinggi.
PENGARUH GAME ONLINE ANDROID TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV MI ISLAMIYAH KEBOMLATI KECAMATAN PLUMPANG KABUPATEN TUBAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017-2018
Authors: Agus Fathoni Prasetyo  , Dinna Shofia
Published: January 2021

Progress in the field of communication technology in the current era of globalization is producing sophisticated media so as to facilitate the needs needed quickly. In the past few years the android online game play on smartphones has been very interested in most circles, especially students. The positive impact of online games is that the more difficult a game is, the more high levels of concentration are needed to improve hand and eye coordination, while the negative impact of this android online game is that students often forget about other activities and forget their assignments as students. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach. The form of this research is correlational. The subjects in this study were fourth grade students of MI Islamiyah Kebomlati, Plumpang Subdistrict, Tuban District, 2017/2018 Academic Year, with 18 students consisting of 8 male students and 10 female students. The use of android online games for grade IV MI Islamiyah Kebomlati students in Plumpang sub-district of Tuban in the 2017/2018 academic year is sufficient or moderate. Because the average value of 25.5. The effect of android online games on the learning achievement of fourth grade MI Islamiyah Kebomlati Districts Plumpang District of Tuban in the academic year 2017/2018 based on the results of research on interpretation using the t-table value r2 determinaation coefficient, it turns out that the t-count () is smaller than t-table, at the significance level of 5% (2,120). Thus there is an insignificant coefficient of determination between android online games and the learning achievement of fourth grade students of MI Islamiyah Kebomlati, Plumpang Subdistrict, Tuban Regency in the academic year 2017/2018. This shows that the android online game has no effect on student achievement IV MI Islamiyah Kebomlati Plumpang District of Tuban in the 2017/2018 academic year.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE KOOPERATIF MODEL JIGSAW PADA SISWA KELAS V MI MIFTAHUL HUDA PUCANGAN MONTONG TUBAN TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Nurlaili Dina Hafni  , Muflihatun Nisa’
Published: January 2021

This research is motivated by the fact that the still low learning outcomes of Social Sciences subjects in fifth grade MI Miftahul Huda Pucangan students. Possible learning methods that can affect student achievement are the cooperative jigsaw model. The problem of this research is to explain the efforts to improve learning outcomes of social science by applying the cooperative jigsaw method. The theories used in the conduct of this research include LAN about learning outcomes, social science and the cooperative jigsaw model method.

This research is expected to provide answers to the formulation of the problem (1) How is the application of the jigsaw cooperative method in the learning process of social science in class V MI Miftahul Huda Pucangan Montong Tuban in the academic year 2017/2018? and (2) Can the cooperative jigsaw method improve social studies learning outcomes for fifth grade MI Miftahul Huda Pucangan Montong Tuban students in the 2017/2018 academic year?

This type of research is classroom action research (CAR). The subjects of this study were 36 grade V students, consisting of 18 boys and 18 girls. This research lasted for 2 cycles. For data collection techniques used observation techniques and data collection tools in the form of test questions. The collected data is then analyzed using a data processing method with descriptive statistical analysis which presents the data in the form of tables and bar charts. Then presented in each cycle to get information (observations), both from data collected from observation sheets and written tests.

The results of the study in the first cycle showed the average percentage of teacher activity in the first cycle meeting 1 78% and 2% meetings 86%, while in the second cycle 1 meeting 90% and 95% meetings 2. In addition to teacher activity, student activity in groups also increased, in cycle I meeting 1 the percentage of student activity was 68% and meeting 2 was 77%, whereas in cycle II at meeting 1 the percentage increased 80% and meeting 2 90%. Social studies learning outcomes in pre-cycle with an average value of 68.94 and classical completeness of 42%, the first cycle obtained an average value of 78.27 with classical completeness of 78%. In the second cycle learning outcomes increased with an average value of 82.61 with 92% mastery learning. Means that at the end of the second cycle it has been shown that classical learning completeness is in accordance with indicators of success.

The results of these studies can be concluded, that by using the cooperative jigsaw model can increase teacher activity in managing learning and student activities in the learning process. Student learning outcomes in social studies lessons increase in accordance with predetermined minimal completeness criteria standards.
INOVASI PENDIDIKAN AKHLAQ BERBASIS MANAJEMEN QOLBU di MI SUNAN KALIJOGO WOLUTENGAH KECAMATAN KEREK KABUPATEN TUBAN
Authors: Ninik Hidayati  , Sadik
Published: January 2021

The occurrence of acts and acts of violence lately is a phenomenon that we often witness. In fact it almost always adorns mass media information. One of the causes and perhaps this is the most important cause is due to a moral or moral crisis. Moral crisis occurs because some people no longer want to heed the guidance of religion, which normatively teaches adherents to do good, abandoning immoral acts and evil. The heart is a great gift that is given to humans. With a human heart can recognize, communicate, and even love Robnya. Like a tower, the heart has many doors. Like a mirror, the heart is able to absorb and reflect every image that comes to it. Then the influence, the object will enter the heart, and imprint in it, through the means of birth, namely the five senses or through the means of the mind, namely fantasy, lust, anger, morals formed in a fitrawi. Imagine if everyone then tried to base all their activities on a clean heart. Truly there will be a terrible explosion in changes in a person. The conclusion is that the qolbu management-based moral education innovation is an idea or new method offered by the author to be used in implementing moral education. It is hoped that this new idea or method will be able to improve the quality of moral education which is felt to be declining today.
PENERAPAN PENILAIAN DALAM KURIKULUM 2013 PADA TINGKAT DASAR MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Isnawati Nur Afifah Latif  , Nurlaili Dina Hafni
Published: January 2021

In the 2013 curriculum, the concept of assessment to understand learning through competence refers to three approaches, namely assessment as learning, assessment for learning, assessment of learning. All three approaches must be taken by the teacher in the assessment activities. assessment as learning is carried out during the learning process by expecting results in the form of information to the teacher about students' readiness to understand deeper concepts. Assessment for learning. Assessment of learning is carried out by the teacher to measure the level of achievement of student competencies that can be known from previous learning assessments. In Islamic education subjects, the competencies assessed cover three aspects, namely aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Thus, the valuation technique must be adjusted so that the assessment and the results obtained are appropriate so that all interested parties can optimally utilize the results of the assessment.
MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM UPAYA MEMBENTUK BUDAYA RELIGIUS SISWA
Authors: Innarotul A'yun  , Siti Nurjanah
Published: January 2021

The research is motivated by the teacher's role in Islamic religious education in instilling religious values ​​to students these days are less successful. Education is the process of formality in the classroom. This led to the planting values ​​considered important, especially in shaping religious culture. Religious culture can be formed as a result of the cultivation of religious values. Research methods, this study used a qualitative approach with multi-case. The results after an analysis (1) In planning learning Islamic education covers many things, among others, are making the RPP, the academic calendar, promissory notes, prota. 2) In the implementation of Islamic religious education teaching methods PAKEM; 3) Evaluation of learning Islamic education include daily evaluations, daily tests, replicates mid semester and final exams.
PENGARUH KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER TARI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN KECERDASAN KINESTETIK SISWA DI MI AN NUR ASTANA JENU TUBAN
Authors: Agus Fathoni Prasetyo  , Dewi Tsalis Nur Habibati
Published: January 2021

This study aims to explain the effect of dance extracurricular activities on the development of students' kinesthetic intelligence. The theories used as a foundation in the implementation of this research include the theory of kinesthetic intelligence, extracurricular notions and the theory of dance learning. This research is expected to provide answers to the formulation of the problem: (1) how is the process of extracurricular dance activities at MI An Nur Astana Jenu Tuban? (2) How is the kinesthetic intelligence of the students at MI An Nur Astana Jenu Tuban? (3) is there any influence of extracurricular dance activities on the development of kinesthetic intelligence of students at MI An Nur Astana Jenu Tuban? Referring to the formulation of the problem, the research objectives to be achieved are as follows: (1) To determine the extracurricular activities of dance at MI An Nur Astana Jenu Tuban. (2) To determine the kinesthetic intelligence of students at MI An Nur Astana Jenu Tuban. (3) To determine whether or not there is an effect of extracurricular dance activities on the kinesthetic intelligence of students at MI An Nur Astana Jenu Tuban. This study used a survey method with a quantitative approach through descriptive correlational analysis techniques and regression using parametic statistics. From the research results, it can be concluded that the extracurricular activities of dance have an influence on students' kinesthetic intelligence. The result of the calculation of the product moment correlation variable X and variable Y reached a value of 0.554. This result is greater than the r table, which is 0.468, so that the hypothesis can be concluded by the researcher "There is an effect of extracurricular dance activities on students' kinesthetic intelligence at MI An Nur Astana Jenu Tuban".
A comprehensive framework of technology in marketing: Theory and applications
Authors: Hoang L Chi
Published: January 2021

The goal of this paper is to conduct a detailed review of research on foreign market entry alliances mediated by information technology (IT). This paper offers the conceptual structure of cross- border IT interactions and performance effects that is technically aware. It combines resource-based view (RBV) viewpoints and transaction cost economics (TCE), arguing that developing IT interface capabilities improves the commercial efficiency by enhancing interfirm relationship governance in the host location of the foreign partner. More relevant modulators are often known as IT-related threats and contextual limitations. It proposes concepts of IT capabilities, enhanced IT interfirm governance and improved IT marketing efficiency. Building from RBV and TCE, IT capital, relevant human resources, and IT integration, the capacity of companies to better manage the connection through joint control, interfirm collaboration, organizational formalization and hybrid centralisation is improved by the combination of RBV and TCE. These advantages contribute to increased marketing efficiency at the host place upstream and downstream. IT capabilities also lead to mitigating potential contextual constraints and threats. The paper presents a range of research ideas based on theory and literature that will be empirically evaluated in future studies. Top managers of companies currently or intend to enter into foreign market entry partnerships should consider carefully improving inter-company IT capabilities with regard to hardware and software preparation, human resources and organizational assets.
Development of New Emission Reallocation Method for Industrial Nonpoint Source in China
Authors: Lam Yun Fat , Cheung Chi Chiu , Zhang Xuguo , Fu Joshua S. , Fung Jimmy Chi Hung
Published: January 2021

Abstract. An accurate emission inventory is a crucial part of air pollution management and is essential for air quality modelling. One source in an emission inventory, a nonpoint source, has been known with high uncertainty. In this study, a new industrial nonpoint source (NPS) reallocation method based on blue-roof industrial buildings was developed to replace the conventional method of using population density for emission development in China. The new method utilized the zoom level 14 satellite imagery (i.e., Google®) and processed it with Hue, Saturation, Value (HSV)-based colour classification to derive new spatial surrogates for province-level reallocation, providing more realistic spatial patterns of industrial PM2.5 and NO2 emissions. The WRF-CMAQ based PATH-2016 model system was then applied with the new NPS emissions processed emission input in the MIX inventory to simulate air quality in the Greater Bay Area (GBA) area (formerly called Pearl River Delta (PRD)). In the study, significant RMSE improvement was observed in both summer and winter scenarios in 2015 when compared with the population-based approach. The average RMSE reductions (i.e., 76 stations) of PM2.5 and NO2 were found to be 11 μg/m3 and 3 ppb, respectively. This research demonstrates that the blue-roof industrial allocation method can effectively identify scattered industrial sources in China and is capable of downscaling the industrial NPS emissions from regional to local levels (i.e., 27 km to 3 km resolution), overcoming the technical hurdle of ~ 10 km resolution from the top-down emission approach under the unified framework of emission calculation.
Spatiotemporal variation and trends in equivalent black carbon in the Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland
Authors: Luoma Krista , Niemi Jarkko V. , Aurela Minna , Fung Pak Lun , Helin Aku , Hussein Tareq , Kangas Leena , Kousa Anu , Rönkkö Topi , Timonen Hilkka , Virkkula Aki , Petäjä Tuukka
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In this study, we present results from 12 years of black
carbon (BC) measurements at 14 sites around the Helsinki metropolitan area (HMA)
and at one background site outside the HMA. The main local sources of BC in
the HMA are traffic and residential wood combustion in fireplaces and sauna
stoves. All BC measurements were conducted optically, and therefore we refer
to the measured BC as equivalent BC (eBC). Measurement stations were located
in different environments that represented traffic environment, detached
housing area, urban background, and regional background. The measurements of
eBC were conducted from 2007 through 2018; however, the times and the
lengths of the time series varied at each site. The largest annual mean eBC
concentrations were measured at the traffic sites (from 0.67 to 2.64 µg m−3) and the lowest at the regional background sites (from 0.16 to
0.48 µg m−3). The annual mean eBC concentrations at the detached
housing and urban background sites varied from 0.64 to 0.80 µg m−3 and from 0.42 to 0.68 µg m−3, respectively. The
clearest seasonal variation was observed at the detached housing sites
where residential wood combustion increased the eBC concentrations during
the cold season. Diurnal variation in eBC concentration in different urban
environments depended clearly on the local sources that were traffic and
residential wood combustion. The dependency was not as clear for the typically measured air quality parameters, which were here NOx concentration and mass concentration of particles smaller that 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5). At four sites which had at least a 4-year-long time series available, the
eBC concentrations had statistically significant decreasing trends that
varied from −10.4 % yr−1 to −5.9 % yr−1. Compared to trends determined at
urban and regional background sites, the absolute trends decreased fastest
at traffic sites, especially during the morning rush hour. Relative
long-term trends in eBC and NOx were similar, and their concentrations
decreased more rapidly than that of PM2.5. The results indicated that
especially emissions from traffic have decreased in the HMA during the last
decade. This shows that air pollution control, new emission standards, and a
newer fleet of vehicles had an effect on air quality.
Auroral ionospheric E region parameters obtained from satellite- based far-ultraviolet and ground-based ionosonde observations – effects of proton precipitation
Authors: Knight Harold K.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Coincident auroral far-ultraviolet (FUV) and ground-based ionosonde observations are compared for the purpose of determining whether auroral FUV remote sensing algorithms that assume pure electron precipitation are biased in the presence of proton precipitation. Auroral particle transport and optical emission models, such as the Boltzmann 3-Constituent (B3C) model, predict that maximum E region electron density (NmE) values derived from auroral Lyman–Birge–Hopfield (LBH) emissions, assuming electron precipitation, will be biased by up to ∼20 % (high) for pure proton aurora, while comparisons between LBH radiances and radiances derived from in situ particle flux observations (i.e., Knight et al., 2008, 2012) indicate that the bias associated with proton aurora should be much larger. Surprisingly, in the comparisons with ionosonde observations described here, no bias associated with proton aurora is found in FUV-derived auroral NmE, which means that auroral FUV remote sensing methods for NmE are more accurate in the presence of proton precipitation than was suggested in the aforementioned earlier works. Possible explanations for the discrepancy with the earlier results are discussed.
Methane oxidation in the waters of a humics-rich boreal lake stimulated by photosynthesis, nitrite, Fe(III) and humics
Authors: van Grinsven Sigrid , Oswald Kirsten , Wehrli Bernhard , Jegge Corinne , Zopfi Jakob , Lehmann Moritz F. , Schubert Carsten J.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Small boreal lakes are known to contribute significantly to global methane emissions. Lake Lovojärvi is a eutrophic lake in Southern Finland with bottom water methane concentrations up to 2 mM. However, the surface water concentration, and thus the diffusive emission potential, was low (
Assessing heat exposure to extreme temperatures in urban areas using the Local Climate Zone classification
Authors: Gilabert Joan , Deluca Anna , Lauwaet Dirk , Ballester Joan , Corbera Jordi , Llasat Maria Carmen
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Trends of extreme-temperature episodes in cities are
increasing (in frequency, magnitude and duration) due to regional climate
change in interaction with urban effects. Urban morphologies and thermal
properties of the materials used to build them are factors that influence spatial and temporal climate variability and are one of the main
reasons for the climatic singularity of cities. This paper presents a
methodology to evaluate the urban and peri-urban effect on extreme-temperature exposure in Barcelona (Spain), using the Local Climate Zone
(LCZ) classification as a basis, which allows a comparison with
other cities of the world characterised using this criterion. LCZs were
introduced as input of the high-resolution UrbClim model (100 m spatial
resolution) to create daily temperature (median and maximum) series for
summer (JJA) during the period 1987 to 2016, pixel by pixel, in order to
create a cartography of extremes. Using the relationship between mortality
due to high temperatures and temperature distribution, the heat exposure
of each LCZ was obtained. Methodological results of the paper show the
improvement obtained when LCZs were mapped through a combination of two
techniques (land cover–land use maps and the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools – WUDAPT – method), and the paper proposes a methodology to obtain the exposure to high temperatures of
different LCZs in urban and peri-urban areas. In the case of Barcelona, the
distribution of temperatures for the 90th percentile (about
3–4 ∘C above the average conditions) leads to an increase in
the relative risk of mortality of 80 %.
Spiciness theory revisited, with new views on neutral density, orthogonality, and passiveness
Authors: Tailleux Rémi
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This paper clarifies the theoretical basis for constructing spiciness variables optimal for characterising ocean water masses. Three essential ingredients are identified: (1) a material density variable γ that is as neutral as feasible, (2) a material state function ξ independent of γ but otherwise arbitrary, and (3) an empirically determined reference function ξr(γ) of γ representing the imagined behaviour of ξ in a notional spiceless ocean. Ingredient (1) is required because contrary to what is often assumed, it is not the properties imposed on ξ (such as orthogonality) that determine its dynamical inertness but the degree of neutrality of γ. The first key result is that it is the anomaly ξ′=ξ-ξr(γ), rather than ξ, that is the variable most suited for characterising ocean water masses,
as originally proposed by McDougall and Giles (1987). The second key result is that oceanic sections of normalised ξ′ appear to be relatively insensitive to the choice of ξ, as first suggested by Jackett and McDougall (1985), based on the comparison of very different choices of ξ. It is also argued that the orthogonality of ∇ξ′ to ∇γ in physical space is more germane to spiciness theory than orthogonality in thermohaline space, although how to use it to constrain the choices of ξ and ξr(γ) remains to be fully elucidated. The results are important for they unify the various ways in which spiciness has been defined and used in the literature. They also provide a rigorous theoretical basis justifying the pursuit of a globally defined material density variable maximising neutrality. To illustrate the latter point, this paper proposes a new implementation of the author's recently developed thermodynamic neutral density and explains how to adapt existing definitions of spiciness and spicity to work with it.
ORALIDADE E ENSINO: UM SABER EM BUSCA DE AFIRMAÇÃO NO COTIDIANO EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Costa-Maciel Amorim , Queiroz Fernanda
Published: January 2021

A pesquisa discute as proposições de ensino da oralidade presentes em duas coleções de livros didáticos de língua portuguesa (doravante C1 e C2) destinadas aos anos iniciais de escolarização (1ª ao 5ºanos). Visa compreender de que forma o livro didático, enquanto suporte para o ensino-aprendizagem, contribui para o trato do oral, objeto didático em busca de afirmação nas práticas cotidianos dos professores (MARCUSCHI, 2008; MARTINS; 2012). Subsidiamos a discussão teórica à luz da noção de língua como interação (BAKHTIN, 1992) e da noção de oralidade enquanto prática social interativa para fins comunicativos (MARCUSCHI, 2001; SCHNEUWLY e DOLZ, 2004). No trato metodológico, destacamos um conjunto de atividades recorrentes ao longo do projeto didático das obras, cujo objetivo anunciado encaminhava-se para ensinar a oralidade. Estruturamos a análise a partir de uma dimensão qualitativa de pesquisa (MINAYO, 1994) agrupando os dados nas categorias 1) Ensino do Gênero Oral e 2) Ensino da Relação Fala-Escrita. Os resultados demonstram que as coleções favorecem a reflexão sobre a oralidade através de gêneros textuais pertinentes ao trabalho com o referido eixo, contudo, as atividades se concentram em explorar a oralidade no espaço escolar, sem refletir sobre o seu uso em ambiente real de produção. No âmbito da relação fala-escrita, as coleções apresentam perfis diferenciados de compreensão, enquanto a C1 aborda as modalidades na dimensão do contínuo tipológico dos gêneros textuais, a C2 polariza seu olhar e assume uma perspectiva dicotômica. Essa realidade pode ser caracterizada pela incipiência do cenário teórico-metodológico na exploração do referido objeto de ensino. Palavras-chave: livros didáticos de língua portuguesa; gêneros textuais orais; ensino da oralidade; relação fala – escrita.
COMPREENSÕES DE PROFESSORES ACERCA DAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA ARTE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: De Oliveira Iten Ana Paula , Buzzi Rausch Rita
Published: January 2021

No sentido de refletir sobre a arte nos contextos da Educação Infantil no âmbito da formação continuada buscamos por meio desta pesquisa compreender as contribuições da arte na Educação Infantil, no entendimento de professores que participam de um programa de formação continuada. A metodologia da pesquisa delineou-se por uma perspectiva qualitativa. Foi realizado um questionário semiaberto, com 20 professores da Educação Infantil que participavam do Projeto de Formação Continuada do Programa Institucional Arte na Escola. Diante das aproximações entre as compreensões dos professores delineamos, a posteriori, três categorias de análise: a arte como possibilidade de ampliar o repertório cultural das crianças; as vivências com a arte como meio de proporcionar prazer e sensibilidade e por fim a arte como impulsionadora de um estranhamento diante do que está posto no cotidiano educativo. Aportamo-nos nas compreensões de Nóvoa (2002) acerca da formação continuada de professores. Nos estudos de Duarte Junior (2000) nas reflexões sobre o sensível na educação. E Pillotto (2009) e Vigotski (2009) acerca das concepções da arte na infância. Podemos inferir por meio desta pesquisa que as reflexões suscitadas por estes professores revelam compreensões amplas e coerentes com a literatura referente a arte na Educação Infantil. Apontamos como considerações a importância de possibilitar, com os professores, ampliação de conhecimentos nas formações continuadas e mobilizar saberes que permitem potencializar aprendizagens acerca das linguagens da arte na infância. Palavras-chave: Formação continuada de professores; Educação Infantil; Arte.
CONCEPÇÕES DOCENTES ACERCA DO FRACASSO E SUCESSO ESCOLAR DE ALUNOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE LAVRAS
Authors: Pereira Thalyse Santana , Batista Stefânia Siqueira Martins , Bonadiman Heron Laiber
Published: January 2021

O artigo descreve e analisa os principais resultados de pesquisa no nível iniciação científica sobre as concepções e métodos de avaliação escolar realizada por professores no contexto dos conselhos de classe de uma escola pública estadual do município de Lavras - MG. Foi realizado um estudo de caso único e os materiais de pesquisa foram coletados através de observação participante, entrevistas, análise de documentos da secretaria escolar e construção de diário de campo. As reuniões de conselho de classe analisadas permitiram observar práticas de avaliação que se utilizam de juízos valorativos em detrimento de juízos técnicos acerca da construção de saberes escolares, interferindo direta e negativamente na história escolar dos alunos e alunas. Destarte, o fenômeno estudado possui relação direta com o insucesso escolar.
DIDÁTICA GERAL E DIDÁTICAS ESPECÍFICAS: pontos para reflexão
Authors: Veiga Ilma Passos Alencastro
Published: January 2021

O artigo situa-se no polêmico campo que debate a exclusão da Didática Geral ou Fundamental dos cursos de Licenciatura e o fortalecimento das diversas didáticas específicas, o que tem provocado a desarticulação entre o geral e o particular. Observa-se que não se trata de defender a existência de uma em detrimento da outra, mas de adotar-se uma abordagem integradora e problematizadora do papel da escola, a ação de ensinar, o processo de aprendizagem, a prática da organização colaborativa da aula e as questões da seleção do conhecimento, da metodologia e das práticas avaliativas.
UM OLHAR SOBRE A INFÂNCIA E AS BRINCADEIRAS INFANTIS A PARTIR DE RELATO DE IDOSOS DA CIDADE DE MINEIROS
Authors: Pereira Luciene Aparecida Pinto Costa
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho: “Um olhar sobre a infância e as brincadeiras infantis a partir de relatos de idosos da cidade de Mineiros”, é resultado do processo de pesquisa desenvolvido no período de 2004 a 2007. O trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer e compreender as brincadeiras infantis na vida dos idosos de Mineiros nas décadas de 1910 a 1940. Propusemos investigar sobre qual o lugar das brincadeiras na infância dos idosos de Mineiros e, para tanto, buscamos articular os elementos históricos constitutivos da infância principalmente em Goiás. A pesquisa teve como orientação teórica o materialismo-histórico-dialético e o método utilizadofoi o qualitativo do tipo histórico. Como instrumentos consultamos documentos, leituras bibliográficas, depoimentos, relatos orais e entrevistas, como forma de obter informações e conhecimentos a respeito do objeto investigado. O universo da pesquisa abrangeu um número de 180 entrevistados, sendo 97 homens e 83 mulheres com idades que variavam entre 61 a 103 anos. Procuramos, por meio dos relatos e entrevistas dos idosos, fazer um levantamento das brincadeiras vivenciadas por eles durante a infância e que permanecem no universo infantil. Dentre as mais citadas encontramos as brincadeiras de roda, de curralzinho, de cavalinho de pau, de casinha e de laçar bezerro. Também discutimos algumas categorias que emergiram a partir dos relatos dos idosos, como trabalho, violência e gênero.
Expediente
Authors: Nadal Beatriz Gomes
Published: January 2021

Páginas IniciaisSumárioEditorial
The quality characteristics of sausage prepared from different ratios of fish and duck meat
Authors: Bozhko Nataliia , Tischenko Vasyl , Pasichnyi Vasyl , Shubina Yevheniia , Kyselov Oleksandr , Marynin Andriy , Strashynskyi Igor
Published: January 2021

The article aims to determine the effect of combining duck meat (Anas platyrhynchos) and freshwater fish (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) on the quality (nutritional value, functional and technological properties, sensory attributes) of meat-containing semi-smoked sausages. The optimal version of the recipe with the highest quality indicators of semi-smoked meat sausages with duck meat and freshwater aquaculture was determined. It was found that the protein content of meat-containing, semi-smoked sausages with different ratios of duck and fish meat was 17.90% – 21.34% higher than that of the analog. A sample containing 50% duck and 30% fish has an ideal protein: fat ratio of 1:1. The following high functional properties of model minced experimental semi-smoked sausages were established: up to 72.75% moisture, water binding capacity of up to 71.47%, and water holding capacity of up to 60.60%. A comparative analysis of the rheological properties of minced meat showed that increasing the proportion of duck meat in minced meat modelling systems improves the strength of the system and increases shear stress. The addition of fish raw materials improves the elasticity of meat-containing systems. The optimal ratio of duck and fish is 50:30 for plastic and easily minced mince system. Combining duck meat with raw fish increases the stability of the emulsion to 74.8%. Analysis of the sensory parameters of the experimental sausages confirmed that the best ratio of duck to freshwater fish is 50:30.