bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacto de la deducibilidad de gastos personales en la recaudación tributaria
Authors: Guamarriga Valdez Katherine del Cisne , Delgado Olaya Ruth Maryury , Urdaneta Montiel Armando José
Published: March 2024

The impact generated by the deductibility of personal expenses in tax collection is significant, as it tends to vary. Through the deductibility of personal expenses, taxpayers deduct expenses such as health, housing, education, with an eloquent deduction in the areas of food and health. Leading the country to an unstable collection and generating a high tax expense that does not allow Ecuador to exit the fiscal deficit. In this context, the tax policy plays a very important role since it is in charge of determining the direct and indirect tax burden in order to finance the activity of the State, considering this as a primary factor to pay for state expenses, including social spending.
Gender-Based Differences in Leadership Style: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Singh Parmindar
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT This research investigates the differences in leadership styles among males and females of tertiary educational institutions in Cambodia and Malaysia. The study used a questionnaire as a measuring instrument and hypotheses testing to perform a one-sample t-test and a paired t-test. The sampling design used was convenience sampling. This research is relatively novel as it involved respondents from educational institutions in two Southeast Asian countries. This research found that females have a people-oriented leadership style and have a higher perception of their leadership abilities. In addition, it found that males have neither a task-oriented nor a people-oriented leadership style. The study suggests that women should be given the helm to manage these concerns in light of recent geopolitical uncertainties and workplace issues. Keywords: Leadership approaches; People-oriented and task-oriented leadership style; Cambodia; Malaysia; One-sample t-test; Paired t-test
Підхід до оцінювання протиборчих сторін у часі на основі аналітичного розв’язання системи нелінійних диференціальних рівнянь методу динаміки середніх
Authors: Zvarych Anatolii , Zvarych Svitlana
Published: March 2024

Актуальність даного дослідження обумовлена необхідністю аналітичного аналізу військового протиборства (як складової частини воєнної безпеки), де досліджується конфлікт, який розвивається швидкоплинно у часі. Він може бути описаний нелінійними рівняннями Ланчестера. Аналітичний аналіз здійснюється у двох напрямах. Згідно з першим із них установлюється формульний взаємозв’язок вихідного співвідношення сил із заданими критеріальними величинами. Вираз отримано у вигляді залежності біквадратного характеру. Другий напрям стосується аналітичної оцінки часу досягнення кінцевої мети дій однієї зі сторін у конфлікті, де вихідна система за допомогою спеціального перетворення зводиться до одного нелінійного диференціального рівняння першого порядку, що має розв’язок для параметра часу за допомогою табличних інтегралів. Метою статті є розроблення підходу для визначення початкового співвідношення вогневих засобів протиборчих сторін, а також прогнозованого часу ведення ними бойових дій, за яких забезпечується допустимий рівень втрат однієї зі сторін та досягається задане кінцеве співвідношення їхніх вогневих засобів. Відомі підходи, що ґрунтуються на методі динаміки середніх, передбачають отримання необхідних початкових співвідношень сил та засобів протиборчих сторін з використанням моделей, що описують конфлікти певної інтенсивності на основі лінійних диференціальних рівнянь із незмінним уражаючим впливом при заданих (допустимих) втратах. Водночас, застосування для опису бойових дій математичних моделей на основі систем нелінійних диференціальних рівнянь дозволяє враховувати інтенсивність уражаючого впливу, яка змінюється в ході бойових дій, що є більш характерним для сучасних воєнних конфліктів. Нині розв’язання систем таких рівнянь зазвичай здійснюється з використанням чисельних методів, що є достатньо трудомістким завданням. У статті наведено підхід, який засновано на аналітичному розв’язанні системи нелінійних диференціальних рівнянь методу динаміки середніх, що враховує інтенсивність уражаючого впливу, яка змінюється в ході бойових дій. Це дає можливість оперативно розраховувати показники, які може бути використано під час планування операції (бойових дій) (зокрема, під час обґрунтування потрібного складу угруповань військ (сил) та часу проведення операції (бойових дій)). За допомогою розробленого підходу можна обчислювати початкове співвідношення вогневих засобів протиборчих сторін, а також прогнозований час ведення ними бойових дій, за яких забезпечується допустимий рівень втрат однієї зі сторін та досягається задане кінцеве співвідношення їхніх вогневих засобів. Можливість використання цього підходу підтверджено розрахунковим прикладом.
Варіант побудови оптимального плану цілерозподілу сил та засобів механізованих (танкових) військ в імітаційній моделі операції (бойових дій)
Authors: Horhulenko Vladyslav , Vorobiov Andrii
Published: March 2024

Актуальність досліджуваної проблеми підтверджується чисельними аналізами досвіду ведення воєнних конфліктів сучасності загалом та російсько-української війни зокрема, які стверджують, що найбільш значна роль в операціях угруповань військ (сил) залишається відведеною підрозділам (частинам) механізованих (танкових) військ, а отже, їх силам та засобам. Це засвідчує нагальність проведення всебічних досліджень закономірностей процесів, які мають місце під час застосування сил та засобів механізованих (танкових) військ. Важливою умовою досягнення цілей операції (загальновійськового бою) є оптимальний (найкращий серед можливих) розподіл сил та засобів для виконання завдань із вогневого ураження противника. У зв’язку з цим дана стаття спрямована на побудову оптимального плану цілерозподілу сил та засобів механізованих (танкових) військ в імітаційній моделі операції. Провідним методом дослідження операцій, котрий використовується для розв’язання оптимізаційних задач метод лінійного програмування. Саме цей метод дозволяє комплексно розглянути особливості побудови оптимального плану цілерозподілу сил та засобів механізованих (танкових) військ. У статті проаналізовано фактори, що впливають на розподіл сил та засобів механізованих (танкових) військ, проведено ранжування типових цілей для вогневого ураження силами та засобами механізованих (танкових) військ за показником важливості (небезпечності), розроблено варіант побудови оптимального плану цілерозподілу сил та засобів механізованих (танкових) військ, та на його основі сформульовано узагальнений алгоритм моделювання процесу прийняття рішення та постановки вогневих завдань в імітаційній моделі операції (бойових дій) військ (сил). Матеріали статті становлять теоретичну цінність для проведення подальших наукових досліджень стосовно порушеної проблеми, а також практичну – для удосконалення методик, які безпосередньо використовуються в органах військового управління при плануванні вогневого ураження противника.
Bienestar social y calidad de vida
Authors: González Navarro Sebastiana
Published: March 2024

El bienestar y la calidad de vida son indicadores que podo a coco han empezado a usarse de manera más frecuente en la sociedad moderna, sin que haya un patrón claro tan siquiera para definición, sino que dependen en gran medida del sistema cultural y económico que esté instaurado, lo cual conlleva a que no haya unos mecanismos claros de medicación. Es necesario determinar sus dimensiones y los instrumentos más utilizados, para que así los profesionales del Trabajo Social puedan usarlos de manera adecuada a los diferentes perfiles de los usuarios, hasta que desde las instituciones den unas directrices claras que los delimiten. Para ello haremos un estudio de las escalas de medición más usadas, viendo sus pros y sus contras en las diferentes áreas de intervención (residencias de ancianos, centros escolares, atención infantil temprana, etc.) con el fin de encontrar un matriz común que sirva de modelo metodológico, práctico y de fácil uso.
Funciones profesionales de los trabajadores sociales, hoy
Authors: Bautista Miranda Miguel , Jiménez Amador Vasti Zurisadai , Sánchez Villal Martín
Published: March 2024

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las funciones profesionales inherentes al trabajo social. Las categorías de análisis que se abordaron son la investigación social, la planeación y programación social, la ejecución social, la evaluación de planes, programas y proyectos sociales y, la sistematización de la experiencia profesional. Es un estudio documental, toda vez que se recurrió a la búsqueda de información impresa y digital en libros y artículos especializados de trabajo social.

Los resultados permiten visibilizar que las funciones profesionales sustantivas de trabajo social están vinculadas a las metodologías propias de la disciplina y profesión. Funciones que tienen una regularidad significativa en el saber-hacer profesional indistintamente del área y campo de intervención. Además, se encontró que en los contextos actuales se han gestado funciones profesionales emergentes como la peritación, la mediación social, la intervención en crisis, cuidados paliativos, la tanatología, el acompañamiento social, la educación para la paz, el emprendimiento social, la construcción de la ciudadanía, la intervención democrática, educación de género y en derechos humanos, educación ambiental, intervención con migrantes, por mencionar algunas. Haceres   profesionales que requieren ser teorizados e incorporados en las curriculas de trabajo social a nivel licenciatura y posgrado.
Pelatihan Peningkatan Keterampilan Bahasa Inggris bagi Pemandu Wisata Kawasan Agro Wisata Rekadana Kabupaten Kubu Raya
Authors: Dian Shinta Sari
Published: March 2024

Tujuan dari Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakta (PKM) yang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kubu Raya, Desa Jeruju Besar kawasan  agro wisata Rekadana Kalimantan Barat  untuk meningkatkan dan mengoptimalkan kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh para pemandu wisata dalam berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris dengan wisatawan asing di daerah tersebut. Pelatihan ini melibatkan para pemandu wisata dan pelaku wisata di kawasan tersebut yang berjumlah 20 orang. Para peserta tersebut belum memiliki keterampilan Bahasa Inggris yang memadai dan kurangnya jumlah pemandu wisata yang dapat berbicara Bahasa Inggris. Metode dalam kegiatan ini menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi kelompok, demonstrasi, presentasi personal, dan bermain peran serta tanya jawab.  Setelah mengikuti kegiatan ini, ada peningkatan kemampuan dan kepercayaan diri dalam berintereaksi menggunakan bahasa Inggris aktif dari para pemandu wisata tersebut. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil peningkatan yang di dapat dari nilai post test dengan nilai rata-rata 77,5. Dari hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa para pemandu wisata dapat memaksimalkan potensi dan kemampuan mereka untuk berbicara memakai bahasa Inggris.
SOSIALISASI KEWIRAUSAHAAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA MASYARAKAT DI DESA PUTE MATA, LUWU UTARA
Authors: Sambara Kordiana , Tangaran Benyamin , Rasinan Djusniati
Published: March 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk untuk memberikan sosialisasi terkait kewirausahaan agar minat berwirausaha masyarakat desa Pute Mata meningkat, memiliki pengetahuan tentang strategi dalam berwirausaha, membangun rasa percaya diri, tidak mudah putus asa, serta memiliki kreatifitas dan inovasi dalam mengembangkan usahanya. Metode pelaksaana kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat. Sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat terkait pentingnya pemanfaatan dalam kewirausahaan serta mendorong penciptaan lapangan kerja. Pengabdian yang dilakukan di Desa Pute Mata dilakukan dengan cara ceramah, diskusi, dan metode tanya jawab. Antusiasme peserta pada kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini semakin menambah rasa semangat dalam berinteraksi sehingga tidak ada hambatan dalam kegiatan dan berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GUIDED INQUIRY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMAN 28 BONE
Authors: Armita Sudita , Dra. Hj. Marwah, M.Si  , Muhammad Rusdi, M.Pd
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas XI IPA SMAN 28 Bone dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Guided Inquiry. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas XI IPA dan sampel terdiri dari kelas XI IPA 1 dan XI IPA 2. Data diperoleh dari tes kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam bentuk pre test dan post test. Analisis data menggunakan Uji Independent Sample t-Test dengan bantuan SPSS versi 26. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai sig (2-tailed) untuk kelas eksperimen sebesar 0.000 < 0,05 yang berarti ada selisih rata-rata nilai pretest dan post test siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol sehingga H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Guided Inquiry dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa.
PENGARUH KELOMPOK BELAJAR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Nureki  , Syamsuria  , Emmi Azis
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kelompok belajar terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini merupakan siswa kelas X MIPA di MA DDI Massenreng Pulu yang berjumlah 27 siswa yang terdiri dari 12 perempuan dan 15 laki-laki. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu pretest-posttest yang dibagikan kepada siswa kelas eksperimen. Dan tekhnik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis tingkat kesukaran soal serta daya beda. Perbandingan nilai hasil pretest dan postest diperoleh dari nilai rata-rata siswa sebelum diterapkan metode kelompok belajar sebesar 60,92 sedangkan setelah diterapkan metode kelompok belajar diperoleh nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 80,18. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan metode kelompok belajar, atau dengan kata lain terdapat pengaruh kelompok belajar terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa.
Pengembangan Karakter Siswa melalui Model Role-Play dalam Pembelajaran IPS
Authors: Wulandari Rifka , Arumi Defitri Tria , Mardiani Tisca , Wijayanto Rifqy , Halimah Nur , Yuniarti Yeni , Sukardi Rendi Restiana
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Based on the observations made on grade V students of SDN Turi 2, it was found that the teacher used the lecture method, making students less active and interactive with learning. These observations show that the teacher has implemented learning with the role-play method in social studies learning. Applying the role-play method made students more enjoyable in learning and learning to develop character in themselves. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive studies. The results showed that 88.5 percent of students had an attitude of responsibility, 61.6 percent had an attitude of discipline, 42 percent had a character of hard work, and 80.9 percent had an attitude of cooperation.
Abstrak: Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang dilakukan pada siswa kelas V SDN Turi 2 ditemukan permasalahan pada guru yang menggunakan metode ceramah, hal ini membuat siswa menjadi kurang aktif dan interaktif dengan pembelajaran. Dari hasil observasi tersebut, didapatkan hasil bahwa guru telah melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan metode role play pada pembelajaran IPS. Penerapan metode role play didapatkan hasil siswa menjadi lebih menyenangkan dalam pembelajaran dan belajar mengembangkan karakter dalam diri. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan studi deskriptif. Hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil 88,5 persen siswa memiliki sikap tanggung jawab, 61,6 persen memiliki sikap disiplin, 42 persen memiliki karakter kerja keras dan 80,9 persen memiliki sikap kerja sama.
ANALISIS KURIKULUM SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM SEBAGAI UPAYA MENCETAK GENERASI BERKARAKTER
Authors: Anisa Nur Sya’ban , Isabela Isabela , Huda Almas Noor , Hamel Sabhine Octaviani , Rahayu Erni , Yuniarti Yeni , Sukardi Rendi Restiana
Published: March 2024

Setiap sekolah memiliki kurikulumnya masing-masing tidak terkecuali SD Prasetiya Bangsa Islamic School yang terletak di Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pelaksanaan kurikulum yang diterapkan oleh SD Prasetiya Bangsa Purworejo Islamic School sebagai Sekolah Dasar (SD) swasta berbasis islam dalam membentuk generasi penerus yang berkarakter. Pada prosesnya, peneliti menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan teknik analisis interaktif, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, SD Prasetiya Bangsa Islamic School menggunakan 3 kombinasi kurikulum yang meliputi kurikulum internasional, nasional (kurikulum 2013), dan kurikulum islam dalam upayanya mewujudkan generasi berkarakter. Dalam praktiknya, pembiasaan dan leadership serta kemampuan 4C (Critical Thinking, Communication, Creativity, and Collaboration) sangat diperhatikan dalam aktivitas keseharian. Selain mendidik anak dalam aktivitasnya di sekolah, pihak Sekolah Dasar juga menjalin kerja sama yang baik dengan wali murid melalui kelas parenting untuk menyatukan persepsi dalam mendidik anak yang berkarakter supaya usaha yang dilakukan kedua belah pihak saling bersinergi.
Testing Perceptual Accuracy in a U.S. General Population Survey Using Stacked Bar Charts
Authors: Rice Kiegan , Hofmann Heike , du Toit Nola , Mulrow Edward
Published: March 2024

The use of visuals is a key component in scientific communication. Decisions about the design of a data visualization should be informed by what design elements best support the audience’s ability to perceive and understand the components of the data visualization. We build on the foundations of Cleveland and McGill’s work in graphical perception, employing a large, nationally-representative, probability-based panel of survey respondents to test perception in stacked bar charts. Our findings provide actionable guidance for data visualization practitioners to employ in their work.
Notice of completion and acceptance of the Ministry of Education’s supply-demand matching employment education project
Authors: CHINA MOE
Published: March 2024

In order to further improve the whole process management and result assessment of the supply-demand matching employment education project, the National College Graduates Employment and Entrepreneurship Steering Committee (hereinafter referred to as the National Steering Committee) decided to organize the first and second phases of the supply-demand matching employment education project Final acceptance work. See document notification for details. Before March 31, 2024, the person in charge of the project university shall submit the final materials to the enterprise. Before April 15, 2024, the project company will complete the project acceptance and submission, and send relevant materials: pdf version of the completion report, Attachment 2, and Attachment 3 (if any) to the email address of the relevant industry committee.
At stille sig åbent an: sorg som livs- og identitetspraksis
Authors: Christensen Dorthe Refslund
Published: March 2024

I denne artikel arbejder jeg autoetnografisk: jeg skriver på mine egne sorgpraksisser som etnografisk materiale med henblik på at kunne undersøge, hvad sorg er og kan være, hvordan sorgen helt konkret og specifikt leves og gøres med rod i den sørgendes hverdagsliv. Hvad vil det sige at sørge? Hvordan kan det foregå? Jeg viser, hvordan konkrete ritualiserede sorgpraksisser kan opbygges og reflekterer over, hvad de er dannet af og hvad de er i dialog med med omdrejningspunkt i det liminale og ritualisering, og jeg problematiserer den normativitet omkring sorg og den sørgende, som afspejles i såvel sorgteorier som populære opfattelser af sorg. Jeg argumenterer for nødvendigheden af forbilleder i sorgen, og for at sorg ikke nødvendigvis væsentligst handler om forholdet til afdøde men den sørgendes forhold til sig selv. Tabet er en mulighed for at invitere sårbarhe- den ind i livet.
Beyond the Digital Transformation in Omnichannel Transitions: A Scoping Review
Authors:   Strategic Management Department, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Wrocław, Pola, Radomska Joanna , Hajdas Monika ,   Marketing Management Department, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Wrocław, Poland, Wołczek Przemysław ,   Strategic Management Department, Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Wrocław, Poland, Kawa Arkadiusz ,   Łukasiewicz – Poznan Institute of Technology
Published: March 2024

Purpose: We aim to grasp the various facets of shifts towards omnichannel and identify the gaps uncovered by extant scholarship Design/methodology/approach: The research approach is based on a scoping review to investigate the scope of literature on omnichannel transition. Promising avenues for future research were outlined based on the qualitative analysis of extant research. Findings: Based on the scoping review, we identified and proposed further avenues of research. The first avenue explored what makes the transition from single channel to omnichannel a gradual process oran immediate shift rooted in managerial cognition. The second avenue was exploring the transformation process towards omnichannel from the perspective of a strategy-as-practice lens. Research limitations/implications: The research is based on secondary sources. Further research and empirical studies are needed to confirm our findings. Originality/value: We identified the need to address omnichannel transition and transformation separately in further research. We shed some light on these two areas by proposing the cognition perspective and strategy-as-practice theory as theoretical frameworks.
Sea Ice Examination for Ice Class Ships visiting Horseshoe Island, Antarctica, Using MODIS in 2000-2022
Authors: Yirmibeşoğlu Sinan , Özsoy Burcu
Published: March 2024

Sea ice has a significant impact on numerous areas, ranging from the reflection of the sun rays back on the albedo scale, to spurring intense phytoplankton blooms that help maintain the marine ecosystem and making the navigation of some maritime routes challenging. The formation of sea ice in the Southern Ocean affects maritime logistics and scientific operations on Antarctica, especially on the Antarctic Peninsula, which hosts half of the scientific stations. Ships needed to supply British and Turkish scientific bases on Horseshoe Island in the southernmost part of the Antarctic Peninsula are in high demand. Therefore, the analysis of the oldest trends of sea ice that affect maritime operations is crucial. The goal of the study was to examine the formation of sea ice, and especially ice-free days, by using images collected between 2000 and 2022 by over 8000 NASA’s Terra/MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer instruments (MODIS). An analysis of maritime traffic gives a better understanding of maritime operation needs and usage of natural ports, including bays within the research area. Therefore, the study focused on four sites: western approach to Horseshoe Island, Sally Cove (hosting a British station), Lystad Bay (hosting a Turkish station) and Gaul Cove. The results indicate that there has been no multiyear sea ice around Horseshoe Island. The most suitable months for the safe navigation of any type of ship in the area, due to the greatest number of ice-free days, are March, February, April and January. The study reveals that, in accordance with the Polar Code, lower ice class ships are required for safe navigation during scientific expeditions to Horseshoe Island. Also, as the average number of days with clear skies was 38, and average cloudiness very high, the use of optical satellites for long-term monitoring studies on Horseshoe Island is not recommended.
Structure and Technology of Structuring Marine Areas Using Remote Sensing Data in Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Krivoguz Denis , Bespalova Liudmila , Chernyi Sergei , Zhilenkov Anton , Silkin Artem , Goryachev Ivan , Daragan Pavel
Published: March 2024

Correctly distinguishing urbanized marine areas from bare ground is becoming increasingly important in the context of urbanization and environmental management. This study explores the feasibility of using spectral indices to distinguish urbanized marine areas from bare ground with similar spectral signatures. The Landsat-8 data were analyzed and different spectral indices were calculated and tested for their effectiveness in identifying urban areas. The results show that the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and the Vegetation Blending Unit (VBU) have promising potential for distinguishing urban areas from bare ground. The identification of category boundaries based on the distribution of minimum and maximum values of different spectral indices allows a clear delineation of urbanized areas. This study highlights the usefulness of spectral indices in extracting urbanized marine areas from remote sensing data and has practical implications for urban planners, decision makers, and stakeholders involved in urban planning, land use management, and environmental protection. However, caution is needed to avoid misclassification, and careful selection of appropriate indices is crucial to achieve correct classification results.
Revitalizing the International Law Discourse on the Prohibition of Maritime Piracy: Voices from International Law Commission’s Work on Peremptory Norms of General International Law (Jus Cogens)
Authors: Alexander Atul
Published: March 2024

The International Law Commission (ILC) is tasked with the codification and progressive development of international law. Recently, the ILC submitted to the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in its 73rd session ‘Draft Conclusions on identification and legal consequences of peremptory norms of general international law (jus cogens)’. The report holds significance as the concept of the jus cogens has been shrouded in mystery since its inception in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) in 1969. The Draft Conclusion 23 (non-exhaustive list) identifies eight norms (annex) fulfilling the requirement of jus cogens. The ILC clearly states that “…the inclusion of the list in the annex in no way precludes the existence of other norms that may have a peremptory character or the emergence of other norms in the future having that character.”[1] Thus leaving space for the inclusion of fresh norms through subsequent studies.
Nonetheless, the ILC provided the techniques to identify peremptory norms under Draft Conclusions 4 to 9. Through this article, the author argues that the prohibition of piracy has matured into a jus cogens norm. This is done by applying the techniques formulated by the ILC in its recent report. Although there are several writings on the prohibition of piracy as customary international law, it has received scant attention in the context of the jus cogens, and the author intends to fill this lacuna. This study assumes relevance as States increasingly adopt domestic legislation to combat piracy.
Las comunidades de mamíferos del sureste de la península ibérica: elementos para un análisis histórico
Authors: Garrido-García José Antonio
Published: March 2024

It is described the holocenic evolution of a community of land mammals in the southeast of the Iberian peninsula through historical written and archaeozoological information. The interaction between human societies and the mammal fauna has carried out an important change in it composition, with the disappearance of big Carnivora and herbivores, and the integration of micromammals and ungulates with hunting interest. These changes have been discontinuous along the time, detecting in the Neolitic and the Bronze Age a process of “Mediterraneanization” due to the arrival of rodents, insectivorans and small maghrebian Carnivora. At the same time, several pleistocenic relictus and wild Equidae and Bovidae dissapear or reduce their distribution area. From the 16th to the middle of the 20th century, the human population growth and deforestation take hoofed animals and superpredators to the border of extinction. Moreover, since 1960, a faunistic rebuilding is produced, leading to and base on hunting and aestetic purposes, which may succeed in a near future, in the ecologic reconstruction with the reintroduction of superpredators. This set of processes is parallel to what happened in other places of Western Europe (“Europeanization”). This analysis states (1) the close relationship between socio-economic and faunistics events, (2) the restraints imposed by the available information, resulting in lack of facts regarding certain periods or/and species, and finally (3), it is pointed out the need of integrating systematically the archaeozoological studies in the archaeological excavations in the area. The spreading of the results should be improved, as well as creating economic and logistic means to enfoster the setting up of multidisciplinary teams of archaeologists, archaeozoologists and biologists.
¿Cuál es el nombre común de Capra pyrenaica?: una revisión y una propuesta
Authors: Moço Gisela , Serrano Emmanuel , Pérez Jesús M.
Published: March 2024

Systematics of genus Capra and the inclusion of all its forms under the same scientific binomial remain controversial. In such context, the adoption of unique common names for each presently recognized species can become a relevant issue. With this work we propose the use of one exclusive vernacular name for Capra pyrenaica by scientific community under well defined criteria and in different languages. We revised a variety of vernacular names attributed to C. pyrenaica in scientific literature since beginning of 19th century to present, analysed circumstances on which they arose and frequency of their use through time. Results show that common names of C. pyrenaica usually carry a geographic character. Human factors (language of publication and nationality of authors) seem to influence the choice toward most frequently used vernacular name for the species. Period of publication also appear to determine common name used, but it does not reflect changes on species distribution range through time. An enquiry to Caprinae specialists indicates current distribution range and morphology as selected criteria to define species common name. Following these, we suggest “cabra montesa ibérica” and “Iberian wild goat” as vernacular names for C. pyrenaica in spanish and english, respectively.
A literatura na língua do outro: Jacques Derrida e Abdelkebir Khatibi
Authors: Deângeli Maria Angélica
Published: March 2024

A autora se debruça sobre uma questão clássica no campo da literatura, que é o sentido e o papel da linguagem em obras escritas em outra língua, que não a materna, exercício de proposital errância de identidade que atraiu escritores do porte de Samuel Beckett, Paul Celan, Elias Canetti, Franz Kafka, Eugène Ionesco, Vladimir Nabokov,Guillaume Apollinaire e Joseph Conrad, apenas para citar alguns. No trabalho, são analisados dois textos que, para a pesquisadora, problematizam bastante bem a definição do que é essa língua não-materna na escrita literária: “Amour Bilingue” (1983/1992), do marroquino Abdelkebir Khatibi, e “Le monolinguisme de l’autre” (1996), do judeu argelino e francês por adoção Jacques Derrida. Este último foi traduzido para o árabe justamente por Khatibi, com quem ele dialogava incessantemente. Para a pesquisadora, os dois autores têm em comum mais do que a proveniência magrebina e o fato de escreverem em uma língua distinta da de seus países de origem. A afinidade entre eles se manifestaria ainda mais no trabalho refinado do pensamento – rigorosamente dentro de uma tradição que poderia ser chamada de francesa -, no cultivo do amor pela língua e pela literatura e também no conflito de identidades colocado por esta maneira radical de se estar no mundo, balizas para uma profícua discussão sobre o pertencimento e sobre a língua.
Aligned and oblique dynamics in recurrent neural networks
Authors: Schuessler Friedrich , Mastrogiuseppe Francesca , Ostojic Srdjan , Barak Omri
Published: March 2024

The relation between neural activity and behaviorally relevant variables is at the heart of neuroscience research. When strong, this relation is termed a neural representation. There is increasing evidence, however, for partial dissociations between activity in an area and relevant external variables. While many explanations have been proposed, a theoretical framework for the relationship between external and internal variables is lacking. Here, we utilize recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to explore the question of when and how neural dynamics and the network’s output are related from a geometrical point of view. We find that RNNs can operate in two regimes: dynamics can either be aligned with the directions that generate output variables, or oblique to them. We show that the magnitude of the readout weights can serve as a control knob between the regimes. Importantly, these regimes are functionally distinct. Oblique networks are more heterogeneous and suppress noise in their output directions. They are furthermore more robust to perturbations along the output directions. Finally, we show that the two regimes can be dissociated in neural recordings. Altogether, our results open a new perspective for interpreting neural activity by relating network dynamics and their output.
Un1Cas12f1 and Cas9 gene drive in HSV1: viruses that ‘infect’ viruses
Authors: Yao Qiaorui , Lin Zhuangjie , Lai Keyuan , Zeng Xianying , Lei Guanxiong , Zhang Tongwen , Dai Hongsheng
Published: March 2024

Synthetic CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive has been developed as a potential tool to control harmful species. However, Cas9 gene drive faces high resistance rate and mitigation strategies developed so far are difficult to implement. Furthermore, studying the resistance to gene drive is time consuming and challenging in higher organisms. We here tackled these two challenges simultaneously by generating Cas9 and Un1Cas12f1 gene drive in a fast-replicating DNA virus, HSV1. We assessed the transmission dynamics and resistance formation through phenotypical staining and next-generation sequencing, and demonstrated that HSV1 supported fast and effective transmission of gene drives, and the Un1Cas12f1 gene drives yielded greater conversion and lower resistance than did the Cas9 gene drives. This positions the Un1Cas12f1 gene drive as a promising alternative, and HSV1 emerges as a dependable and swift platform for gene drive assessment. The gene drive viruses function like pathogens that specifically infect viruses, offering potential applications in attenuating viral infections.
Tratamiento lexicográfico de los anglicismos en el Diccionario de colombianismos - 2018
Authors: Gómez-Pablos Beatriz
Published: March 2024

Los anglicismos en español han sido analizados desde diversos puntos de vista: adaptación a la grafía y pronunciación españolas, su presencia en la prensa, la cuestión de la necesidad, la clasificación, los campos semánticos predominantes, etc. Sin embargo, escasean los estudios sobre el tratamiento de los anglicismos en las obras lexicográficas hispanoamericanas. El presente estudio hace un vaciado completo de los anglicismos en el Diccionario de colombianismos (2018) con el fin de averiguar su cantidad, el tipo (adaptados o no) y su tratamiento en dicha obra. El listado obtenido facilitará la comparación con diccionarios diferenciales de otros países y su análisis pormenorizado también permitirá descubrir aspectos desconocidos sobre el español de Colombia.
RESET Alcohol: A Global Alcohol Policy Initiative
Authors: Drope Jacqui
Published: March 2024

The RESET Alcohol initiative supports national governments in low- and middle-income countries to implement three policy actions from the World Health Organization SAFER technical package: increasing taxation, regulating availability, and restricting marketing.  RESET Alcohol is working in up to 15 countries primarily in Latin America, Africa, and Asia and is led by Vital Strategies, a global public health organization, in partnership with University of Illinois Chicago Tobacconomics, Movendi International, Global Alcohol Policy Alliance, NCD Alliance and the World Health Organization. The initiative is funded by the grantmaking organization Open Philanthropy. This article provides an overview of the initiative and the countries’ progress in its first year of implementation.
Randomized, Single Blind, Standard Controlled, Equivalence Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Comparative Efficacy of Eladi Kasaya Versus Tranexamic Acid Tablet in the Management of Asrigdara (Heavy Menstrual Bleeding): A Clinical Trial Protocol
Authors: Agrawal Trapti , Inamdar Saunitra , Panigrahi Hemanta Kumar , Rathod Pratiksha
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Excessive menstrual bleeding is a common problem in reproductive age group females, and it is reported that 1 in 20 lifetime chances, a female needs consulting the physician for excessive and prolonged menstrual bleeding. Ayurvedic literature describes excessive menstrual bleeding as Asrigdara (HMB). Eladi kasaya is one of the treatment modalities for heavy menstrual bleeding given in classics and hence chosen for the current clinical trial.

Methods: We planned a prospective, randomized, controlled, and equivalence trial on the patients with Heavy menstrual bleeding (blood loss > 80 ml) for the last two cycles or more. Eladi Kasaya 50 ml with honey and sharkara(sugar) thrice a day will be given from day 1 to day 7 for 3 consecutive menstrual cycles to Group A and Tablet Tranexamic acid 500mg thrice a day to Group B. Primary outcome measures are menstrual blood loss improvement, reduction in pain assessed by visual analog scale, and change in Haemoglobin concentration. The secondary outcome measure is improvement in quality of life. All adverse drug reactions will be monitored and reported to Ayush Suraksha, pharmacovigilance center, Maharashtra.  Following sample size calculation 46 patients will be recruited in each group to demonstrate equivalence with 80% power. The duration of study will be 2 years. The study is approved through Institutional Ethics Committee dated 07/10/2022, MGACHRC/IEC/Oct-2022/585. Participant recruitment shall be started after getting registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India.

Results: Current manuscript is a clinical protocol, hence results are yet to derive from the study. Results will be presented in conferences and shall be attempted to publish in indexed/peer-reviewed medical journals.

Conclusion: Conclusion shall be drawn after completion of the clinical study.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Export Performance and Trade Competitiveness of Millets from India
Authors: Madhu, D. M.  , Gunadal Narayan Murigeppa , Harshitha, H. C.  , Rosalin Geetha, I.  , Sri Kota Karuna , Haripriya Siripuram , Hanumanthappa R.
Published: March 2024

The present study examines the trade performance, competitiveness and trade directions of millets. Indian millet market shedding light on their role in fostering a resilient and sustainable food system, aligning with global agendas for a healthier and more sustainable future. The secondary data collected from the ITC Trade Map, focusing on global and Indian millet exports and imports performance, the data spanning from 2013 to 2021. The analytical tools like Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Markov Chain analysis, and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) are employed. Ukraine, India, and Russia are major millet exporters, while Indonesia, Belgium, and Germany are significant importers in the world. The UAE, Nepal and Saudi Arabia are prominent destinations for Indian millet exports. The RCA index analysis revealed that Ukraine has the highest average RCA index value for millet exports, followed by India. The trade direction stability, with Nepal being the most stable importer. The HHI for global millet exports is 0.141, indicating moderate concentration while global millet imports, the HHI is 0.277, signifying high concentration. In the case of Indian millet exports, the HHI is 0.17, representing moderate concentration. Efforts should be made to boost the exports of millets from India, tapping into the potential of diverse markets and reducing dependence on a limited number of countries.
Borate as a Phosphate Ester Mimic in Aldolase‐Catalyzed Reactions: Practical Synthesis of L‐Fructose and L‐Iminocyclitols
Authors: Sugiyama Masakazu , Hong Zhangyong , Whalen Lisa J. , Greenberg William A. , Wong Chi‐Huey
Published: December 2006

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)‐dependent aldolases have been widely used for the organic synthesis of unnatural sugars or derivatives. The practicality of using DHAP‐dependent aldolases is limited by their strict substrate specificity and the high cost and instability of DHAP. Here we report that the DHAP‐dependent aldolase L‐rhamnulose 1‐phosphate aldolase (RhaD) accepts dihydroxyacetone (DHA) as a donor substrate in the presence of borate buffer, presumably by reversible in situ formation of DHA borate ester. The reaction appears to be irreversible, with the products thermodynamically trapped as borate complexes. We have applied this discovery to develop a practical one‐step synthesis of the non‐caloric sweetener L‐fructose. L‐Fructose was synthesized from racemic glyceraldehyde and DHA in the presence of RhaD and borate in 92 % yield on a gram scale. We also synthesized a series of L‐iminocyclitols, which are potential glycosidase inhibitors, in only two steps.
Bismuth‐ and Hafnium‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Vinyl Arenes with Sulfonamides, Carbamates, and Carboxamides
Authors: Qin Hongbo , Yamagiwa Noriyuki , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: December 2006

Catalytic intermolecular hydroamination of vinyl arenes is described. Our initial investigation revealed that a Bi(OTf)3/[Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 system previously developed for catalytic intermolecular hydroamination of 1,3‐dienes was suitable for hydroamination of a styrene with sulfonamides, but the substrate generality of this system was unsatisfactory. Several metals were screened to expand the substrate scope, and a new Hf(OTf)4/[Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 system was determined to be highly suitable. The combination of Hf(OTf)4 and [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 efficiently promoted the hydroamination of various vinyl arenes, including less‐reactive vinyl arenes with electron‐withdrawing groups. This strategy was applied to sulfonamides, carbamates, and carboxamides, and products were obtained in up to 99 % yield with 0.3–10 mol % catalyst loading.
Effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of paricalcitol in healthy subjects
Authors: Palaparthy Rameshraja , Pradhan Rajendra S. , Chan Jenny , Rieser Matthew , Chira Titus , Galitz Lawrence , Awni Walid , Williams Laura A.
Published: December 2006

Paricalcitol capsules are indicated for the prevention and treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Proton pump inhibitors are prescribed to CKD patients to treat gastroesophageal reflux. This was a single dose, crossover study evaluating the effect of omeprazole, change in gastric pH as a result thereof, on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of paricalcitol. Twenty‐six healthy subjects were administered paricalcitol capsules (16 µg) alone (regimen A), and following a single dose of OMP (40 mg) (regimen B), with a washout of at least 7 days. Plasma samples for paricalcitol concentrations were collected for 48 h post‐paricalcitol dose. The plasma paricalcitol concentrations were measured using an LC–MS/MS assay (LOQ=0.02 ng/ml) and paricalcitol pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non‐compartmental methods. The point estimates and the corresponding 90% confidence intervals for Cmax and AUC0‐∞ to evaluate paricalcitol–omeprazole interaction were 1.032 [0.920–1.158] and 1.041 [0.951–1.139], respectively. No significant differences in Tmax (regimen A: 2.9 h vs regimen B: 2.6 h) or t1/2 (6.83 h vs 6.6 h) between the regimens were observed. Hence, the co‐administration of omeprazole does not affect the PK of paricalcitol. Both regimens were well tolerated and no apparent differences among the regimens with respect to safety were observed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐operating and communicating: a European perspective on integrating services for children
Authors: Katz Ilan , Hetherington Rachael
Published: December 2006

This paper looks at the range of differences within European child protection systems and considers the relationship between different approaches and the integration of children and family services. A distinction is made between structures that are child and family welfare focused, and those that are child protection focused. Some of the different structures of service delivery are described and the effect of these structures on the roles of the main stakeholders (and therefore on integration of services) is considered. Reference is made to a practice‐based research project that considered co‐operation and communication between health and welfare services in 12 countries. This research provides examples of different ways of integrating services and encouraging co‐operation.

It is not possible to construct ‘league tables’ of best performing structures and services cross‐nationally because there are no reliably comparable statistics, but the research project gave indications of the factors that contributed to better communication and to better outcomes. Structure did not seem to be of primary importance, though it might help or hinder. However, with co‐operation, very different structures could work effectively. In general, high levels of material resources helped. However, professional time was the most important resource, because time was needed to develop effective working relationships with other professionals. The factors that facilitated good interdisciplinary and interagency work point to the centrality of a professional and managerial culture that values the development of good working relationships both with families and with other professionals. Conflictual and defensive inter‐professional relationships created problems, however well organized the system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of a Cobalt(III) Complex of the MMP Inhibitor Marimastat: A Potential Hypoxia‐Activated Prodrug
Authors: Failes Timothy W. , Cullinane Carleen , Diakos Connie I. , Yamamoto Natsuho , Lyons J. Guy , Hambley Trevor W.
Published: December 2006

We report a potential means of selectively delivering matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors to target tumour sites by use of a bioreductively activated CoIII carrier system. The carrier, comprising a CoIII complex of the tripodal ligand tris(methylpyridyl)amine (tpa), was investigated with the antimetastatic MMP inhibitor marimastat (mmstH2). The X‐ray crystal structure of [Co(mmst)(tpa)]ClO4⋅4 H2O was determined and two‐dimensional NMR revealed the existence of two isomeric forms of the complex in solution. Electrochemical analysis showed that the reduction potential of the complex is suitable for it to be bioreductively activated at hypoxic tumour sites. In vitro assays confirmed the stability of the prodrug in solution prior to reduction and revealed very low cytotoxicity against A2780 cells. In vivo testing in mice showed a higher level of tumour‐growth inhibition by the complex than by free marimastat. Both free marimastat and and its CoIII complex increased metastasis in the model used, with the complex significantly more active.