bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐4.5: TFT characteristic improvement of amorphous silicon by Design of Experiments
Authors: Wang Ming , Gao YuJie , Zhao Jian , Liu He , Qiao YaZheng , Dai Yao , Liu ZiZheng , Chen Peng , Guo HuiBin
Published: October 2022

Electrical defects are the common types of Problems in TFT‐LCD, Such as Vertical Cross Talk (short for V‐CT), Low temperature startup, etc. The issue's severity is directly related to the thin film transistor (short for TFT) characteristic which contain On‐State Current(Ion), off‐state current(Ioff), etc. In order to optimize the product performance and improve the process margin, the influence of different parameters of active layer on TFT characteristics was researched by a series of Design of Experiments (DOE).
P‐5.6: Analysis of ITO Residue in 4mask process applied in Extra large‐size FFS LCDs
Authors: Wu Wei , Sun Jian Qiang , Zhang Ning , Liu He , Li Shan
Published: October 2022

Indium tin oxide (ITO) residue is a serious problem in 4mask process applied in Fringe Field Switching (FFS) mode LCDs. In this paper, we analyzed the composition and structure of the residues and the reasons for their formation. ITO grains grow with increasing temperature during copper sputtering. As a result, it is hardly etched in the subsequent wet etching process, resulting in residues.
P‐7.11: A Study on Local Dimming Algorithm Design for MINI LED Backlight Display Quality Improvement
Authors: Shi Tiankuo , Zhao Chenxi , Lu Kun , Xue Huiling , Ji Zhihua , Duan Xin , Sun Wei , Shi Lingyun , Shi Guangdong , Sun Haiwei , Chen Ming
Published: October 2022

Today HDR (High Dynamic Range) Displays are increasingly developed. The HDR Display with mini‐led backlight and liquid‐crystal panel plays an important role, it has a lot of advantages like high light (more than 1000nits), high contrast ratio (more than 100000:1), bright color and good permeability and so on. But it also has some display defects like halo[3] phenomenon in a dark scene. In this paper, first, we discuss some common picture quality issues caused by the normal local dimming algorithm[2] and then present a novel algorithm base on BOE COG (chip on glass) mini‐led backlight HDR display. The BOE COG technology is a global unique glass substrate backlight solution, and has some features to help the algorithm improve its performance. And for the local dimming display issues, the algorithm itself has room for optimizing visual effects. Finally, around the key point of local dimming algorithm, we show several advantages of BOE glass substrate backlight solution, its distinctive features can help the algorithm improve picture quality.
P‐7.13: Enhanced High Dynamic Tone Mapping Using Guided Filter
Authors: Xie RenLi , Yang Jianfeng , Xia Daxue , Qiu Junfeng , Tian Qichong
Published: October 2022

Before HDR signals can be displayed on traditional TVs and monitors, tone mapping is required to compress the luminance and color range to the display device's displayable low dynamic range (LDR). However, there is a common problem of loss of image details after tone mapping of HDR signals, which affects video/image quality. To solve this problem, we proposes an enhanced tone mapping (ETM) with guided filter. In the constructed enhance channel, guided filtering is used to extract and reconstruct the image detail layer, which accurately preserves the image detail and removes the halo problem. which improves local dynamic contrast, enhances image details, and improves image clarity.
P‐8.2: Fabrication of ultrahigh‐resolution Micro‐LED display by flip‐chip bonding
Authors: Wenjun Huang , Yonghong Lin , Zhaojun Liu
Published: October 2022

Micro‐LEDs are considered as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation display application, because Micro‐LEDs have advantages in high resolution, high luminous efficiency, brightness, and long operating lifetime. These features make them the most promising platform in high‐end display applications, especially for AR/VR displays which requires a 1500ppi because of the human natural eye resolution acuity of about 60 pixels per degree. In this work, we have fabricated ultrahigh resolution (5000 PPI) Micro‐LED displays utilizing flip‐chip bonding technique to obtain exquisite results.
P‐9.6: High Efficiency Deep‐Red Colloidal Quantum Well Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Balanced Carrier Injection
Authors: Hu Sujuan , Zhang Lingjiao , Lu Guanhua , Liu Baiquan , Liu Chuan
Published: October 2022

Colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) are regarded as a frontier class of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their efficient and ultranarrow luminescence spectrum, directional emission, and high light extraction. However, CQW‐LEDs with deep‐red (> 660 nm) light emission, a vital part for high‐definition color displays, optical medical, and horticultural lighting, remain a great challenge. Herein, high‐efficiency deep‐red CQW‐LEDs are reported. With the enhancement of device engineering, the LED devices that based new CQW materials have shown high external quantum efficiency of 9.89%. Additionally, Mg‐doped zinc oxide (ZnMgO) and In2O3 as electron transport layer (ETL) are introduced into CQW‐LEDs for the first time, and the effect of different ETLs on carrier injection balance of CQW‐LEDs is investigated. Furthermore, the first prototype active‐matrix CQW‐LED (AMCQW‐LED) pixel circuit was constructed by connecting thin film transistor (TFT) source terminal with CQW‐LED. The findings may not only begin the first step that TFT drives CQW‐LED, but also reveal the carrier injection balance mechanism of CQW‐LEDs, and can be further applied to other wavelengths of CQW‐LEDs.
P‐11.3: Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites as high‐performance and low‐cost Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: Chen Yanling , Zhang Shengdong , Fu Pengfei , Chen Yani , Li Wei
Published: October 2022

Herein, three colloidal nanocrystals of cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Br or mixed halide systems Cl/Br and Br/I) were prepared through simple hydrothermal reaction with cheap commercial precursors and their optoelectronic properties were studied. It was found that the emission spectra of cesium lead halide perovskites were tunable over the entire visible spectral region of 460–650 nm by compositional modulations. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the cesium lead halide perovskites nanocrystals had narrow emission line‐widths of 25–42 nm and radiative lifetimes in the range of 3–29 ns. The combination of low production costs and excellent optical properties suggest cesium lead halide perovskites nanocrystals could be potential optoelectronic materials.
P‐13.6: Defect Analysis and Structure Optimization of Rollable OLED Screen
Authors: Peng Wenjing , Liao Dunming , Xia Zhiqing , Wu Di
Published: October 2022

In the flexible OLED (organic light‐emitting diodes) screen rolling process, there are some defects such as waviness, fracture, adhesive layer peeling and so on. This paper discussed the effects of factors such as the rotating radius and velocity of scroll, the thickness and modulus of screen stacking structure on the above defects, so as to provide guidance for the structural optimization of OLED screen.
P‐13.8: The Effect Analysis of FMM Tension Wrinkle According to the Shape Parameters of Pixel Slot Arrangement
Authors: Lan Lan , Chen Fan , Jiang Bo , Feng Dandan , Zhang Rong , Jiang Danyang , Ding Liwei , Cao Kun , Wang Gang
Published: October 2022

FMM (Fine Metal Mask) plays an important role in AMOLED (Active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode) evaporation process, which provides the shapes of R/G/B sub‐pixel respectively so that the organic materials could evaporate through FMM to the display substrate. Therefore, the quality of FMM could affect the evaporation yield directly. In general, in the FMM design process, the reduction ratio, which originates from stretch tension and thermal expansion, must be considered firstly. Then after fabrication, FMM sheets and the other support masks would be assembly welded on a metal frame by stretch tension process. Finally FMM will be used in evaporation equipment. The thickness of FMM sheets is extremely thinner in contrast with its length, leading to inevitable wrinkle in the step of force tension. The tension wrinkle is a significant parameter to evaluate the quality of FMM. In FMM design layout, the active area occupies the largest space except the sheet main body, therefore, this paper makes a simulation analysis of the effects of the sub‐pixel slot structure on the FMM tension wrinkle, providing some optimization directions for the FMM slot and dummy design.
P‐13.10: Research on mechanical of stretchable OLED panel
Authors: Wang Wenqiang , Jia Yongzhen , Sun Liang , Shen Zhiyuan , Zhang Zhuo
Published: October 2022

In this study, the finite element method (FEM) simulation and structural optimization design were carried out for the stretchable OLED panel. Firstly, the film substrate is designed into a periodically arranged island‐bridge structure, which makes the entire film substrate achieve the negative Poisson's ratio, and improves the stretchability of the substrate. Secondly, based on the topography optimization design theory, the multi‐scale mechanical performance analysis of the island‐bridge structure was employed, and the correlation between the characteristic size of the island‐bridge structure and the elongation rate is analyzed. Finally, an optimized gradual island‐bridge structure design was adopted to reduce the risk of fracture on the edge of the panel. It is shown that the flexible design of the island‐bridge structure can effectively improve the stretchability of the film substrates. Meanwhile, the stretchability of the OLED panel and the structured size characteristics of the island‐bridge is sensitively.
P‐13.11: Manipulating the Periods of Internal Light Out‐Coupling Structures for RGB Based White OLED
Authors: He Wei , Zhou Jun-Gui , Fung Man-Keung
Published: October 2022

Upon optimizing the periodic structures for blue, green and red OLEDs, we fabricate white OLEDs on a corrugated ITO substrate prepared from a specific mixing ratio of PS spheres in different sizes. Eventually, white OLEDs show a significant enhancement in current and power efficiencies. The CIE coordinates are located in a warm white light region even at different viewing angles.
P‐13.13: Research on the Method of Reducing the Bottom Frame of Flexible AMOLED Module
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Wang Liuyang , Fan Yajiao , Ma Yihong , Xie Hongjun , Ding Liwei , Cao Kun , Wang Gang
Published: October 2022

With the development of science and technology, people's demand for display products has increased, and slim border display will become one of the most important directions in the future. In this paper, we analyze the influence of the metal wire pattern of the bending part of AMOLED panel on the reduction of the bottom frame of the module. We analyze the influence by finite element analysis method. Here we simulate and analyze the width, pitch, thickness and pattern of metal wiresres, and summarizes the method and law of reducing the bottom frame of the module. Meanwhile the bending radius of the bottom frame is reduced to R0.2mm, and the bottom frame of the module is reduced effectively.
P‐16.4: Research on Autonomous Tracking of Driverless Vehicle Based on Lidar
Authors: Dai Zhenzhao , Ma Junce , Li Wanlin
Published: October 2022

In order to solve the problem of vehicle tracking control when GPS positioning is inaccurate, an autonomous tracking method based on lidar is proposed in this paper.The idea of this paper is to use lidar to collect environmental point cloud to identify the boundary of structured road, and then control the steering system and driving system of driverless vehicle to keep a certain distance from the boundary and drive forward.
Electroneutral Polymer Nanodiscs Enable Interference‐Free Probing of Membrane Proteins in a Lipid‐Bilayer Environment
Authors: Glueck David , Grethen Anne , Das Manabendra , Mmeka Ogochukwu Patricia , Patallo Eugenio Pérez , Meister Annette , Rajender Ritu , Kins Stefan , Räschle Markus , Victor Julian , Chu Ci , Etzkorn Manuel , Köck Zoe , Bernhard Frank , Babalola Jonathan Oyebamiji , Vargas Carolyn , Keller Sandro
Published: October 2022

Membrane proteins can be examined in near‐native lipid‐bilayer environments with the advent of polymer‐encapsulated nanodiscs. These nanodiscs self‐assemble directly from cellular membranes, allowing in vitro probing of membrane proteins with techniques that have previously been restricted to soluble or detergent‐solubilized proteins. Often, however, the high charge densities of existing polymers obstruct bioanalytical and preparative techniques. Thus, the authors aim to fabricate electroneutral—yet water‐soluble—polymer nanodiscs. By attaching a sulfobetaine group to the commercial polymers DIBMA and SMA(2:1), these polyanionic polymers are converted to the electroneutral maleimide derivatives, Sulfo‐DIBMA and Sulfo‐SMA(2:1). Sulfo‐DIBMA and Sulfo‐SMA(2:1) readily extract proteins and phospholipids from artificial and cellular membranes to form nanodiscs. Crucially, the electroneutral nanodiscs avert unspecific interactions, thereby enabling new insights into protein–lipid interactions through lab‐on‐a‐chip detection and in vitro translation of membrane proteins. Finally, the authors create a library comprising thousands of human membrane proteins and use proteome profiling by mass spectrometry to show that protein complexes are preserved in electroneutral nanodiscs.
A New Insight into the Capacity Decay Mechanism of Ni‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Shumeng , Zhang Xiaodong , Ma Su , Fan Ersha , Lin Jiao , Chen Renjie , Wu Feng , Li Li
Published: October 2022

Understanding the mapping relationship between electrochemical characteristics and physicochemical properties of layered LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathodes is important to develop high energy density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Combining in situ and ex situ characterization, the effect of the H2‐H3 phase transition on the capacity decay and aging mechanism of NCA materials are systematically investigated. With the increase of cut‐off voltage, the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the NCA interface shows an evolutionary path of formation‐thickening‐rupture. This phenomenon is closely related to the H2‐H3 phase transition. The volumetric stresses and strains caused by the H2‐H3 phase transition accelerate the formation and expansion of secondary particle microcracks in the electrode material, leading to the growth of interfacial CEI variations. The capacity of the electrode material can decrease even if the material does not experience the H2‐H3 phase transition due to the persistence of interfacial side reactions with calendar aging from long cycles. This work opens up a valuable perspective for the study of the mapping relationship between phase transition and electrochemical properties in Ni‐rich layered oxide cathodes and provides guidance for developing high capacity and long cycle life LIBs.
The Alzheimer's Cell Atlas (TACA): A single‐cell molecular map for translational therapeutics accelerator in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhou Yadi , Xu Jielin , Hou Yuan , Bekris Lynn , Leverenz James B. , Pieper Andrew A. , Cummings Jeffrey , Cheng Feixiong
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Recent advances in generating massive single‐cell/nucleus transcriptomic data have shown great potential for facilitating the identification of cell type–specific Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathobiology and drug‐target discovery for therapeutic development.

Methods

We developed The Alzheimer's Cell Atlas (TACA) by compiling an AD brain cell atlas consisting of over 1.1 million cells/nuclei across 26 data sets, covering major brain regions (hippocampus, cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, and so on) and cell types (astrocyte, microglia, neuron, oligodendrocytes, and so on). We conducted nearly 1400 differential expression comparisons to identify cell type–specific molecular alterations (e.g., case vs healthy control, sex‐specific, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4/ε4, and TREM2 mutations). Each comparison was followed by protein‐protein interaction module detection, functional enrichment analysis, and omics‐informed target and drug (over 700,000 perturbation profiles) screening. Over 400 cell‐cell interaction analyses using 6000 ligand‐receptor interactions were conducted to identify the cell‐cell communication networks in AD.

Results

All results are integrated into TACA (https://taca.lerner.ccf.org/), a new web portal with cell type–specific, abundant transcriptomic information, and 12 interactive visualization tools for AD.

Discussion

We envision that TACA will be a highly valuable resource for both basic and translational research in AD, as it provides abundant information for AD pathobiology and actionable systems biology tools for drug discovery.

Highlights

We compiled an Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain cell atlas consisting of more than 1.1 million cells/nuclei transcriptomes from 26 data sets, covering major brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum) and cell types (e.g., neuron, oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, and microglia).

We conducted over 1400 differential expression (DE) comparisons to identify cell type–specific gene expression alterations. Major comparison types are (1) AD versus healthy control; (2) sex‐specific DE, (3) genotype‐driven DE (i.e., apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4/ε4 vs APOE ε3/ε3; TREM2R47H vs common variants) analysis; and (4) others. Each comparison was further followed by (1) human protein‐protein interactome network module analysis, (2) pathway enrichment analysis, and (3) gene‐set enrichment analysis.

For drug screening, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis for all the comparisons with over 700,000 drug perturbation profiles connecting more than 10,000 human genes and 13,000 drugs/compounds.

A total of over 400 analyses of cell‐cell interactions against 6000 experimentally validated ligand‐receptor interactions were conducted to reveal the disease‐relevant cell‐cell communications in AD.
Efforts to Dismantle Traditional Public Schools: Literacy Consequences for Students
Authors: Lewis‐Spector Jill
Published: October 2022

America's traditional public schools are facing challenges that may ultimately lead to their extinction. From their beginnings, some criticized them for being secular schools when much of the country was religious and wary of government. Today, the Internet has amplified conservative voices, swaying public opinion against government‐run schools, and citizens' opinions of them are extremely divided. School choice options have increased for homeschooling and private schools, and public charter enrollment has exploded, all competing with and siphoning funds from traditional public schools often accused of indoctrinating students in liberal ideology. These developments, spurred by the COVID‐19 pandemic and culture wars, damage traditional public schools and hurt literacy goals. Funding reductions mean fewer resources for struggling readers and difficulties retaining small class sizes in early grades that would contribute immensely to literacy development. Teachers are deeply dissatisfied, and states report difficulty in hiring qualified teachers for language arts and reading. Students' literacy development suffers. It is only when we better understand how literacy instruction and students' literacy achievements in traditional public schools are affected by efforts to dismantle these schools that we can begin to advocate for policies and constructive solutions for rebuilding them so they will serve all children well.
Arguments Against Vision Zero: A Literature Review
Authors: Abebe Henok Girma , Hansson Sven Ove , Edvardsson Björnberg Karin
Published: October 2022

Despite Vision Zero’s moral appeal and its expansion throughout the world, it has been criticized on different grounds. This chapter is based on an extensive literature search for criticism of Vision Zero, using the bibliographic databases Philosopher’s Index, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Phil Papers, and by following the references in the collected documents. Even if the primary emphasis was on Vision Zero in road traffic, our search also included documents criticizing Vision Zero policies in other safety areas, such as public health, the construction and mining industries, and workplaces in general. Based on the findings, we identify and systematically characterize and classify the major arguments that have been put forward against Vision Zero. The most important arguments against Vision Zero can be divided into three major categories: moral arguments, arguments concerning the (goal-setting) rationality of Vision Zero, and arguments aimed at the practical implementation of the goals. We also assess the arguments. Of the 13 identified main arguments, 6 were found to be useful for a constructive discussion on safety improvements.
Axiomatic Thinking, Identity of Proofs and the Quest for an Intensional Proof-Theoretic Semantics
Authors: Schroeder-Heister Peter
Published: October 2022

Starting from Hilbert’s Axiomatic Thinking, the problem of identity of proofs and its significance is discussed in an elementary proof-theoretic setting. Identifying two proofs, one of which is obtained from the other one by removing redundancies, leads, when used as a universal method, to a collapse of all proofs of a provable proposition into one single proof and thus trivialises proof identity. Principles of proof-theoretic harmony with restricted means of redundancy reduction might be used instead, though this limits one to a certain format of formal systems. The discussion of proof identity suggests the claim that annotations of proofs telling the reader which rule is applied at a particular step, must be considered part of the proof itself. As a general perspective, it is advocated that the investigation of intensional aspects of proofs should be given more space in proof theory and proof-theoretic semantics.
The EU as a Geoeconomic Actor? A Review of Recent European Trade and Investment Policies
Authors: Weinhardt Clara , Mau Karsten , Hillebrand Pohl Jens
Published: October 2022

The so-called geoeconomic turn stands for the increased tendency of countries to use economic policy instruments to promote or defend national interests vis-à-vis trading partners or rival powers. Scholars note a similar shift in trade and investment policies of the European Union (“EU”). However, there are few studies that examine whether this proclaimed shift at the policy level is reflected in outcomes. Against this background, this chapter examines the EU’s ability to position itself as a defensive geoeconomic actor. Based on three exploratory case studies—investment screening, Most-Favoured Nations clauses in Free Trade Agreements (“FTAs”), and the EU’s (non-)response to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (“BRI”)—we find that the EU’s ability to act in line with its own geoeconomic ambitions varies across the policy initiatives studied. In particular, lack of alignment of individual EU Member States with a common EU policy stance serves as a possible challenge for implementing defensive geoeconomic policies. At the same time, we also find that that the EU’s own framing of what makes a policy initiative “geoeconomic” varies widely, and does not always correspond to the legal design or economic implications of a given initiative. These findings contribute to debates on the EU’s evolving relevance as a global actor and shed new light on recent conceptualizations of the geoeconomic turn.
From the Lab to the Stage: Practical Considerations on Designing Performances with Immersive Virtual Musical Instruments
Authors: Zappi Victor , Mazzanti Dario , Berthaut Florent
Published: October 2022

Immersive virtual musical instruments (IVMIs) lie at the intersection between music technology and virtual reality. Being both digital musical instruments (DMIs) and elements of virtual environments (VEs), IVMIs have the potential to transport the musician into a world of imagination and unprecedented musical expression. But when the final aim is to perform live on stage, the employment of these technologies is anything but straightforward, for sharing the virtual musical experience with the audience gets quite arduous. In this chapter, we assess in detail the several technical and conceptual challenges linked to the composition of IVMI performances on stage, i.e., their scenography, providing a new critical perspective on IVMI performance and design. We first propose a set of dimensions meant to analyse IVMI scenographies, as well as to evaluate their compatibility with different instrument metaphors and performance rationales. Such dimensions are built from the specifics and constraints of DMIs and VEs; they include the level of immersion of musicians and spectators and provide an insight into the interaction techniques afforded by 3D user interfaces in the context of musical expression. We then analyse a number of existing IVMIs and stage setups, and finally suggest new ones, with the aim to facilitate the design of future immersive performances.
System-to-User and User-to-System Adaptations in Binaural Audio
Authors: Picinali Lorenzo , Katz Brian F. G.
Published: October 2022

This chapter concerns concepts of adaption in a binaural audio context (i.e. headphone-based three-dimensional audio rendering and associated spatial hearing aspects), considering first the adaptation of the rendering system to the acoustic and perceptual properties of the user, and second the adaptation of the user to the rendering quality of the system. We start with an overview of the basic mechanisms of human sound source localisation, introducing expressions such as localisation cues and interaural differences, and the concept of the Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF), which is the basis of most 3D spatialisation systems in VR. The chapter then moves to more complex concepts and processes, such as HRTF selection (system-to-user adaptation) and HRTF accommodation (user-to-system adaptation). State-of-the-art HRTF modelling and selection methods are presented, looking at various approaches and at how these have been evaluated. Similarly, the process of HRTF accommodation is detailed, with a case study employed as an example. Finally, the potential of these two approaches are discussed, considering their combined use in a practical context, as well as introducing a few open challenges for future research.
Audio Quality Assessment for Virtual Reality
Authors: Brinkmann Fabian , Weinzierl Stefan
Published: October 2022

A variety of methods for audio quality evaluation are available ranging from classic psychoacoustic methods like alternative forced-choice tests to more recent approaches such as quality taxonomies and plausibility. This chapter introduces methods that are deemed to be relevant for audio evaluation in virtual and augmented reality. It details in how far these methods can directly be used for testing in virtual reality or have to be adapted with respect to specific aspects. In addition, it highlights new areas, for example, quality of experience and presence that arise from audiovisual interactions and the mediation of virtual reality. After briefly introducing 3D audio reproduction approaches for virtual reality, the quality that these approaches can achieve is discussed along with the aspects that influence the quality. The concluding section elaborates on current challenges and hot topics in the field of audio quality evaluation and audio reproduction for virtual reality. To bridge the gap between theory and practice useful resources, software and hardware for 3D audio production and research are pointed out.
Embodied and Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments: Tactics and Exemplars
Authors: Olsen Sophus Béneé , Høeg Emil Rosenlund , Erkut Cumhur
Published: October 2022

As the next generation of active video games (AVG) and virtual reality (VR) systems enter people’s lives, designers may wrongly aim for an experience decoupled from bodies. However, both AVG and VR clearly afford opportunities to bring experiences, technologies, and users’ physical and experiential bodies together, and to study and teach these open-ended relationships of enaction and meaning-making in the framework of embodied interaction. Without such a framework, an aesthetic pleasure, lasting satisfaction, and enjoyment would be impossible to achieve in designing sonic interactions in virtual environments (SIVE). In this chapter, we introduce this framework and focus on design exemplars that come from a soma design ideation workshop and balance rehabilitation. Within the field of physiotherapy, developing new conceptual interventions, with a more patient-centered approach, is still scarce but has huge potential for overcoming some of the challenges facing health care. We indicate how the tactics such as making space, subtle guidance, defamiliarization, and intimate correspondence have informed the exemplars, both in the workshop and also in our ongoing physiotherapy case. Implications for these tactics and design strategies for our design, as well as for general practitioners of SIVE are outlined.
The Legal Challenge of Robotic Assistance
Authors: Kähler Lorenz , Linderkamp Jörn
Published: October 2022

This chapter addresses the legal implications of robotic assistance. Artificial intelligence, which shall make decisions autonomously or act autonomously in interaction with humans, is associated with a substantial potential for conflict that will also and especially become evident from a legal point of view. The more AI diffuses into people’s spheres of life, the more conflicts which are associated with it will become a major theme for both the legislator and the judiciary. Questions which they have to answer include who is liable in the case of an accident and how personal data recorded via robots might be used against the owner and for third parties, including government agencies. If robots carry out actions seemingly based on their own decisions the question arises whether robots are legal persons and acquire “personality” rights as a result. Building on the results from the Delphi expertise on the social conflict scenario, the chapter examines from a legal perspective the challenges that the diffusion of AI and robots brings with it in people’s spheres of life.
Implementing Responsible Research and Innovation: From New Public Management to New Public Governance
Authors: Loeber Anne , Bernstein Michael J. , Nieminen Mika
Published: October 2022

The European Commission’s pursuit of “Responsible Research and Innovation” (RRI) and its implementation in the European Research Area serve to investigate how ambitious policy goals can be conveyed into action. Challenging about implementing policy is the need to foster coherence in the interpretation of policy goals while coordinating their elaboration in practice. This chapter identifies the European Commission’s approach to implementing RRI as a case of New Public Management, and contrasts this with efforts at ‘bottom-up’ RRI implementation. Experiments with involving researchers and other stakeholders in designing and executing concrete RRI actions that fit their professional setting are understood as manifestations of a New Public Governance approach to implementing RRI policy. It is found that such deliberation of policy concepts and goals, and their concretization in a context-specific learning-by-doing approach practically enables the uptake of normative policy ambitions in networks of interdependent, non-hierarchically related actors across diverse substantive and administrative contexts.
Managing the Responsibilities of Doing Good and Avoiding Harm in Sustainability-Orientated Innovations: Example from Agri-Tech Start-Ups in the Netherlands
Authors: Long Thomas B. , Blok Vincent
Published: October 2022

Responsible innovation (RI), also termed Responsible Research and Innovation, has emerged due to increasing concern over how to integrate ethical and societal values into research and innovation policy and governance (Von Schomberg 2013), in response to questioning of the societal role of science as well as populist resurgence in some countries (Long and Blok 2017a). Within a RI approach, innovators must consider three dimensions of responsibility, including the dimensions of (1) ‘avoiding harm’ to people and the planet, (2) ‘doing good’ through the offering of innovations that foster sustainable development, and (3) the development of facilitative global governance schemes (Voegtlin and Scherer 2017).
Conclusion: Implementation of Responsible Research and Innovation by Social Labs. Lessons from the Micro-, Meso- and Macro Perspective
Authors: Griessler Erich , Blok Vincent
Published: October 2022

In this concluding chapter, we want to take a broader perspective and, based on the contributions to this book, identify the key lessons from the NewHoRRIzon project about RRI implementation in general and via Social Labs in particular. From a bird’s eye perspective, the NewHoRRIzon Social Labs can be seen as interventions that depend on and are affected by several interrelated levels which might be separated roughly in the micro-level of Social Labs, the meso level of organisations, and the macro-level of national and European research and innovation systems and policy making.
Cultural Particularities and Its Role in the “Innovation Divide”: A Closer Look at the Origins of “Spreading Excellence and Widening Participation”
Authors: Tabarés Raúl , Bierwirth Antonia
Published: October 2022

The “innovation divide” has been a common and persistent problem since the onset of Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation. Especially, for the group of countries that joined the European Union after 2004. Several initiatives have been implemented by the Union for encouraging the participation of these countries in these collaborative programmes, trying to maximize and extend the benefits of a knowledge economy across the EU. In this chapter, we explore how these instruments have been deployed paying special attention to the origins of “Spreading Excellence and Widening Participation” Horizon 2020 Work Programme. We explore its objectives and rationale, and we address some of its weaknesses and pitfalls. We argue that the “innovation divide” is not only a matter of providing adequate resources and encouraging participation for these countries and they cannot be treated as a homogeneous group. Particularly, in a moment of transition regarding innovation policies.
Das Konzept zur Messung von Behinderung in der „Repräsentativbefragung zur Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen“
Authors: Steinwede Jacob , Schäfers Markus , Schröder Helmut
Published: October 2022

Die Aufgabe der deutschen Teilhabebefragung besteht darin, die Teilhabemöglichkeiten und -grenzen von Menschen mit Behinderungen in Deutschland zu untersuchen. Die Teilhabebefragung stellt dazu einen empirisch-analytischen Ansatz und eine darauf basierende vergleichende Untersuchungsperspektive vor. Beeinträchtigungen und deren Zusammenwirken mit Umweltaspekten werden im Rahmen der Teilhabebefragung von den befragten Personen selbst eingeschätzt. Dadurch entsteht eine substanziell neue Datenlage für eine wissensbasierte Politik im Zeichen von Teilhabe und Inklusion.
Teilhabe multimodal
Authors: Niediek Imke , Gerland Juliane , Dobslaw Gudrun
Published: October 2022

Teilhabe wird in diesem Beitrag aus ethnomethodologischer Perspektive auf der Ebene der Interaktion betrachtet. Soziale Interaktionen folgen einer Ordnung, die diese für die Interaktionspartner*innen verstehbar und auch handhabbar machen. In einem fortwährenden Prozess richten dabei die Beteiligten ihre (Sprach-)Handlungen aufeinander aus. Im Kontext von Behinderung kann dies eine besondere Herausforderung darstellen. In dem Beitrag wird anhand dreier Interaktionssequenzen herausgearbeitet, wie sich Teilhabe auf der Interaktionsebene darstellen und modellieren lässt.
Einwilligung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung als Befähigungsprozess – Konsequenzen für die Teilhabeforschung
Authors: Heusner Julia , Roemer Anna , Schäper Sabine
Published: October 2022

Die Frage nach der Einwilligungsfähigkeit begleitet Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung in vielen Bereichen ihres Lebens. In diesem Beitrag werden zwei konkrete Situationen fokussiert, um daran grundlegende Fragen an das Konstrukt der „Einwilligungsfähigkeit“ zu verdeutlichen. Zum einen wird die Praxis der Einwilligung im Bereich der Forschung mit Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung kritisch betrachtet. Zum anderen stellen Fragen der Einwilligung im Leben von lebensverkürzt erkrankten Kindern und Jugendlichen ein Feld für die Bewährung der Leitideen Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe dar.
Partizipative Teilhabeforschung an der Schnittstelle Behinderung und Fluchtmigration
Authors: Otten Matthias , Afeworki Abay Robel
Published: October 2022

Die Teilhabe von geflüchteten Menschen mit Behinderungen wird in Deutschland erst seit wenigen Jahren empirisch erforscht. Einsichten der Disability Studies und der kritischen Fluchtforschung schärfen den Blick für machtvolle institutionelle Kategorisierungen und (widerständige) Subjektivierungspraktiken der geflüchteten Menschen. Fragen der Teilhabe lassen sich dabei mit intersektional und partizipativ orientierten Forschungsansätzen untersuchen, die allerdings auch Herausforderungen in sich bergen. Auf der Basis eigener forschungspraktischer Reflexionen wirbt der Beitrag für eine partizipative Teilhabeforschung.
Teilhabeforschung zu Familie an der Schnittstelle Migration, Flucht und Behinderung
Authors: Westphal Manuela , Boga Olezia
Published: October 2022

Der Beitrag diskutiert vorliegende Forschungserkenntnisse zum Teilhabebereich Familie an der Schnittstelle von Migration, Flucht und Behinderung. Nach einer Darstellung relevanter Befunde werden Daten aus einer eigenen Studie herangezogen, die mit einer familienwissenschaftlichen Perspektive betrachtet werden. Entlang der Aspekte familiärer Konstellationen, Praktiken, Dynamiken und Vorstellungen findet hierzu eine empirische Annäherung statt.
Die Bedeutung der Kommunen für die Teilhabeforschung
Authors: Kempf Matthias , Rohrmann Albrecht
Published: October 2022

Die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention hat die Themen Inklusion und Teilhabe auf die kommunalpolitische Agenda gesetzt. Bislang ist jedoch wenig erforscht, wie auf dieser Ebene teilhabeförderliche Bedingungen entwickelt werden können. Als Herausforderung stellt es sich insbesondere dar, die Zugänglichkeit und Nutzbarkeit der allgemeinen Infrastruktur mit der Entwicklung sozialer Dienste für Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen zu verknüpfen. Hierin wird ein zentrales Anliegen der Teilhabeforschung gesehen.
Organisationskulturen als Garant und Hindernis für Teilhabeforschung
Authors: Ortland Barbara , Scholten Ann-Kathrin
Published: October 2022

Für Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen ist das Wohnen in organisationalen Zusammenhängen oft Alltagsrealität. Für eine gelingende Weiterentwicklung ihrer Lebensräume können daher neben professioneller Begleitung und fundiertem Wissen auch partizipativ ausgerichtete Forschungsprojekte bedeutsam sein. Diese Forschungsprojekte können durch die Kulturen der jeweiligen Organisationen beeinflusst werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Organisationskulturen und ihre Spezifika in ihren ambivalenten Wirkmöglichkeiten – als Garanten oder Hindernisse – für Teilhabeforschung dargestellt und diskutiert. Ein besonderer Fokus wird dabei auf die wirkmächtigen und schwer veränderbaren Basisannahmen der Organisationskultur gelegt.
Teilhabe als konstitutiver Begriff für die Forschung: Hinweise zur konzeptionellen Begründung von Mehrebenen-Untersuchungsdesigns
Authors: Beck Iris
Published: October 2022

Der Teilhabe-Begriff lenkt durch seinen Subjekt- und Kontextbezug den Blick auf konkrete sozialräumliche, mikro- und mesostrukturelle Bedingungen der Lebensführung, ohne den Einfluss makrostruktureller Aspekte zu vernachlässigen. Ausgehend vom Gehalt und den normativen Implikationen des Teilhabegriffs leiten sich dementsprechend Mehrebenen-Untersuchungsmodelle als ein zentrales Merkmal der Teilhabeforschung ab. Unter Bezug auf das Lebenslagenkonzept werden Aspekte der konzeptionellen Klärung und Begründung solcher Modelle diskutiert.
Partizipation, Inklusion und Exklusion im Kontext von Behinderung – Eckpunkte einer (kritischen) Teilhabeforschung!?
Authors: Wesselmann Carla
Published: October 2022

Mit einer problemorientierten Annäherung an Unterschiede und Zusammenhänge zwischen den Begriffen Teilhabe und Partizipation mit Blick auf Exklusion und Inklusion im Kontext von Behinderung verfolgt der Beitrag das Ziel, das Terrain der Teilhabeforschung zu skizzieren. Teilhabe und Partizipation werden als subjektorientierte und relationale Begriffe sowie als grundlegende Menschenrechte (Rudolf, 2017, S. 13) verstanden. Exklusion und Inklusion werden als prozesshafte Strukturen, die Fragen gesellschaftlicher Zugehörigkeit bestimmen, betrachtet. Bieten diese Schlüsselbegriffe Orientierung für die Teilhabeforschung?
Zwischen sozialer Einbettung und lebensweltlicher Konstruktion
Authors: Meins Anna
Published: October 2022

Ausgehend von einem relationalen Verständnis von Teilhabe im Kontext von Behinderung zielt der Beitrag sowohl auf eine theoretische als auch methodische Verortung des Begriffs innerhalb der sozialen Netzwerkforschung. Als Grundlage dient ein Zugang, der einerseits die Strukturen sozialer Netzwerke als eine Bedingung von Lebenslage analysiert, zugleich aber auch der Subjektivität lebensweltlicher Konstruktion Rechnung trägt. Hieraus ergeben sich weitere Perspektiven und Anschlüsse für die Teilhabeforschung.
Tumor-specific radiosensitizing effect of the ATM inhibitor AZD0156 in melanoma cells with low toxicity to healthy fibroblasts
Authors: Scheper Julian , Hildebrand Laura S. , Faulhaber Eva-Maria , Deloch Lisa , Gaipl Udo S. , Symank Julia , Fietkau Rainer , Distel Luitpold V. , Hecht Markus , Jost Tina
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Despite new treatment options, melanoma continues to have an unfavorable prognosis. DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors are a promising drug class, especially in combination with chemotherapy (CT) or radiotherapy (RT). Manipulating DNA damage repair during RT is an opportunity to exploit the genomic instability of cancer cells and may lead to radiosensitizing effects in tumors that could improve cancer therapy.

Methods

A panel of melanoma-derived cell lines of different origin were used to investigate toxicity-related clonogenic survival, cell death, and cell cycle distribution after treatment with a kinase inhibitor (KI) against ATM (AZD0156) or ATR (VE-822, berzosertib), irradiation with 2 Gy, or a combination of KI plus ionizing radiation (IR). Two fibroblast cell lines generated from healthy skin tissue were used as controls.

Results

Clonogenic survival indicated a clear radiosensitizing effect of the ATM inhibitor (ATMi) AZD0156 in all melanoma cells in a synergistic manner, but not in healthy tissue fibroblasts. In contrast, the ATR inhibitor (ATRi) VE-822 led to additive enhancement of IR-related toxicity in most of the melanoma cells. Both inhibitors mainly increased cell death induction in combination with IR. In healthy fibroblasts, VE-822 plus IR led to higher cell death rates compared to AZD0156. A significant G2/M block was particularly induced in cancer cells when combining AZD0156 with IR.

Conclusion

ATMi, in contrast to ATRi, resulted in synergistic radiosensitization regarding colony formation in melanoma cancer cells, while healthy tissue fibroblasts were merely affected with respect to cell death induction. In connection with an increased number of melanoma cells in the G2/M phase after ATMi plus IR treatment, ATMi seems to be superior to ATRi in melanoma cancer cell treatments when combined with RT.
Pathways into single motherhood, re-partnering, and trajectories of antidepressant medication purchases
Authors: Kühn Mine , Metsä-Simola Niina , Martikainen Pekka
Published: October 2022

Single motherhood is known to be distressing, and to be associated with poor mental health. However, less is known about the pathways into and out of single motherhood, or about the mental health trajectories of single mothers. We used total population registry data on Finnish women who experienced the life events of separation (616,762), widowhood (43,355), or child birth (515,756) during the 1995–2018 period while between the ages of 15–64. Single mothers were compared with women who experienced the same life event, but without becoming a single mother. The results for women who separated showed that among single mothers, there was a substantial increase in antidepressant use at the time of separation, and only a moderate decline after separation. Among women who experienced widowhood, those who had underage children initially had lower antidepressant use than women without children, but this gap narrowed in the post-widowhood period. In addition, single women experienced more unfavorable mental health trajectories than partnered women around the time they gave birth. Re-partnering was associated with more favorable mental health among all groups of single mothers. Given the growing prevalence of single-parent households, our results underscore the need for context-specific interventions to support single mothers’ mental health.
Neue Therapiemöglichkeiten beim metastasierten HER2-low-Mammakarzinom
Authors: Denkert Carsten , Lebeau Annette , Schildhaus Hans Ulrich , Jackisch Christian , Rüschoff Josef
Published: October 2022

Die standardisierte HER2-Bestimmung beim Mammakarzinom und bei anderen Tumoren ist eine wichtige Aufgabe der Pathologie. Ziel der bisherigen Bestimmung war es, zuverlässig diejenigen Tumoren zu identifizieren, die eine Überexpression des HER2-Proteins aufweisen, die in der Regel mit einer Genamplifikation einhergeht. Nur in dieser Gruppe von Tumoren war eine zielgerichtete Anti-HER2-Therapie sinnvoll und erfolgversprechend. Durch neue Substanzen und die Ergebnisse klinischer Studien beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom hat sich dies nun geändert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan, ein Konjugat aus einem Anti-HER2-Antikörper und einer zytotoxischen Substanz, auch dann einen Anti-Tumor-Effekt aufweist, wenn nur eine geringe Expression von HER2 im Tumorgewebe vorliegt.

Die aktuellen Daten bedeuten einen Paradigmenwechsel für die Behandlung von Patientinnen, deren Tumoren bislang als HER2-negativ eingeordnet wurden. Ziel ist es jetzt, neben den Tumoren mit einer HER2-Überexpression (IHC 3+) auch die Tumoren mit einer geringen HER2-Expression (HER2-low, definiert als IHC 1+ oder 2+/ISH-negativ) zuverlässig zu identifizieren. Aufgrund der therapeutischen Konsequenzen ist es wichtig, die diagnostischen Algorithmen und Befundtexte in allen pathologischen Instituten sehr kurzfristig an die neuen Erfordernisse anzupassen. Unabhängig davon ergeben sich neue wissenschaftliche Fragen und Herausforderungen für die Standardisierung, die aktuell bearbeitet werden.
Myositis
Authors: Korsten Peter , Feist Eugen
Published: October 2022

Unter der Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie und Beteiligung vieler weiterer Fachgesellschaften wurde die S2k-Leitlinie zu Myositissyndromen vollständig aktualisiert und überarbeitet. Bei der Klassifikation der Myositiden werden nun die immunmediierte nekrotisierende Myopathie und das Antisynthetasesyndrom als eigenständige Entitäten aufgefasst. Bezüglich der Diagnostik gibt die Leitlinie konkrete Empfehlungen zum Dysphagiescreening, insbesondere bei der Einschlusskörperchenmyositis, und zur Tumordiagnostik bei bestimmten Myositisformen. In der Therapie steht nach der positiven ProDERM-Studie mit intravenösen Immunglobulinen (Octagam®) ein zugelassenes Präparat zur Verfügung. Auf Basis der INBUILD-Studie ist Nintedanib als antifibrotische Therapie bei progressiv fibrosierender Lungenbeteiligung verfügbar. Die aktualisierte Leitlinie stellt ein für Rheumatolog*innen praxistaugliches Dokument mit zahlreichen Empfehlungen zur Versorgung von Myositispatient*innen dar.