bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Issue of Azerbaijan in Ottoman Society and the role of the Special Organization Teshkilat-i Mahsusa
Authors: Jannatov Asim
Published: March 2023

The issue of Azerbaijan was the focus of attention of the Ottoman Empire before the proclamation of the Republic of Turkiye. The Ottoman dynasty, which had conquered a large part of Europe up to the gates of Vienna, later lost much of its territory. The loss of large areas of the Ottoman Empire forced him to take security measures in neighboring countries. Despite extensive conquests in Africa and Europe, the Ottoman Empire lost much of its territory and vitality in its wars with Russia. This factor gave grounds to take more serious steps against Russia. In order to prevent Russia from advancing further, uniting the Azerbaijani Turks in the Caucasus and Iran against it was the right choice for the security of the Ottoman state. The Ottoman Special Organization – Teshkilat-i Mahsusa established on the eve of the war due to a lack of troops, which was active in Iran and the Caucasus, did much to strengthen security in the Ottoman Empire before and during the World War I. In general, the Organization played an important role in raising the Azerbaijani Turks against Tsarist Russia and in the formation of the Azerbaijani question in Ottoman society.
Ethnic politics and National Integration in Nigeria's Fourth Republic
Authors: Aderayo Adebajo Adeola , Olawunmi Kunle
Published: March 2023

One of the contentious issues affecting national integration in Nigeria is ethnic politics. An ethnicity is a potent tool for mobilizing access to power and resources in Nigeria. It has not only affected nation-building but has also constituted security and governance challenges threatening national integration. Despite different measures adopted to foster national unity among different ethnic groups, primordial sentiments pervade the political system, festering like a malignant tumour with associated prognosis. The paper explored the implications of ethnic politics on national integration in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. Data elicited from secondary sources were utilized for the study. The findings showed that the dominant ethnic groups determine party formation, voting patterns and allocation of public goods. Ethnic politics is deployed by the political class to access and maintain their grip of power while other sub-ethnic groups are sidelined. Undue ethnicization of Nigeria's politics has not only encouraged prebendalised politics but affected democratic development. Electoral malpractices, political instability and crises experienced in Nigeria have their roots in ethnic politics. The study recommended, among other things, that there is a need for reorientation of Nigerian citizens on the danger ethnicized politics portends to nation-building and national integration. Furthermore, there is the need to redefine citizenship, indigene-settler syndrome and son of the soil conundrum that has been spurring ethnic politics in Nigeria.
Continuous assessment with self-checking tasks
Authors: Korhonen Juhamatti , Naukkarinen Johanna , Niemelä Hanna , Järvisalo Heikki , Silventoinen Pertti
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses the applicability and benefits of self-checking tasks in continuous assessment in an electrical engineering course. The method was implemented in the first-year online graduate course of Advanced Power Electronics. The method uses a two-week cycle, where during the first week a task is accomplished on the topic of that week. The tasks include working with data from component datasheets, reading and employing application notes, calculations, and simulations. During the second week, the students self-check their tasks using a rubric provided for them and then turn in a corrected version of the task. To keep the cycle going, during the second week, a new topic is also introduced, and a new task is given. The method was assessed based on a student questionnaire and teacher experiences. The method was new to all students. One of the main findings from the questionnaire was that correcting the original task submission supported student learning more than any other form of teaching on the course. However, there were different interpretations of how this support actually worked. The study also showed that there was significant variation between different types of tasks in how the students assessed the relevance of tasks and their difficulty level. Furthermore, students found that some tasks or their outcomes were more suitable for selfchecking than others. This was confirmed by the teacher’s insights on the course.
Konsep Ta’dib Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Ida Mariana  , Purniadi Putra  , Jaelani
Published: March 2023

This research departs from the phenomenon of the moral crisis that is happening now, which has spread to children, youth, parents and society in general. Therefore, character education is so important, because character education is also moral and etiquette education. If moral and adab education has been implemented, it will form good and noble human beings. According to Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-attas Among the basic educational concepts of Al-Attas is the concept of ta'dib. For him, the fundamental problem in Islamic education is the loss of adab values in a broad sense. This is more due to the ambiguity in understanding the concepts of tarbiyah, ta'lim, and ta'dib. Al-Attas tends to use the term ta'dib for the concept of Islamic education because if the concept of ta'dib is applied comprehensively, integrally and systematically in the practice of Islamic education, it is hoped that various human resource development problems can be overcome. An even more basic reason is adab which is closely related to knowledge, because knowledge cannot be taught or disseminated to students unless a teacher has the right adab towards knowledge in various fields.
MOTIVACIJA
Authors: Tokic Edina
Published: March 2023

Autor u radu elaborira najvažnije pojmove potrebne za razumijevanje motivacije, kako bi se život pojedinca i ljudi u njegovom okruženju učinio boljim, svrsishodnijim, korisnijim i kvalitetnijim. Ljudi su u situaciji da rade na ostvarivanju nečega za što posjeduju motivaciju, a skeptični su ukoliko ne posjeduju potreban stepen motivacije da ustraju u realiziranju postavljenog cilja. U radu su sadržani odgovori na pitanje kako razviti motivaciju i kako održati potreban nivo motivacije za ostvarenje postavljenog cilja.
Collignoniceras woollgari (Mantell) ammonite fauna from Upper Cretaceous of Western Interior, United States
Authors: Cobban W. A. , Hook S. C.
Published: March 2023

The middle Turonian ammonite range zone of Collignoniceras woollgari (Mantell) is known from Europe and North America as well as from Japan and Australia. In the Western Interior of the United States, the zone is divisible into an older subzone of C. woollgari woollgari (Mantell) and a younger subzone of C. woollgari regulare (Haas). Ammonites found with C. woollgari woollgari, and probably restricted to this subzone, include Mammites depressus Powell, Spathites rioensis Powell, Watinoceras cobbani Collignon, Hoplitoides cf. H. wohltmanni (von Koenen), H. cf. H. koeneni Solger, and the new species Tragodesmoceras socorroense. Ammonites associated with C. woollgari regulare, and probably restricted to this subzone, include Scaphites larvaeformis Meek and Hayden, Tragodesmoceras carlilense Cobban, and Binneyites carlilensis Cobban. The subzone of C. woollgari woollgari is best developed in New Mexico where ammonites are common in the upper part of the Mancos Shale tongue underlying the Tres Hermanos Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale as well as in the lower part of this sandstone member. The subzone of C. woollgari regulare is best known from very fossiliferous concretions in the Pool Creek Member of the Carlile Shale in the Black Hills area of South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana.
Cảm thức cô đơn thân phận trong thơ Hoài Khanh
Authors: Bùi Quang Khải
Published: March 2023

Thơ Hoài Khanh xuất hiện trên thi đàn văn học miền Nam giai đoạn 1954-1975. Thơ ông là niềm ám ảnh về sự hiện hữu của con người trước cuộc đời, khởi nguồn từ sự cô đơn. Đó là tiếng kêu đau đớn của con người, bơ vơ trong tình yêu, lạc loài trước một thế giới đổ vỡ, dị biệt. Có lẽ hồn thơ của thi nhân vốn đã có sự tương đồng với trào lưu triết học hiện sinh. Vì thế thơ Hoài Khanh mang cảm thức cô đơn thân phận.
Tiếp nhận “Truyện Kiều” ở Nam Bộ qua khảo sát trường hợp phó phẩm “Kim Vân Kiều ca”
Authors: Nguyễn Thanh Phong
Published: March 2023

“Kim Vân Kiều ca” là một trong những “phó phẩm” quan trọng của “Truyện Kiều” ra đời ở Nam Bộ cuối thế kỷ XIX. Đây được xem là bản tóm tắt ngắn gọn bằng văn vần kiệt tác “Truyện Kiều” của đại thi hào Nguyễn Du. Tác giả của phó phẩm này có thể là một nhà nho đặc biệt yêu thích “Truyện Kiều”, lại am tường phương ngữ và tâm lý tiếp nhận văn học của người Nam Bộ. “Kim Vân Kiều ca” đã không chỉ làm chiếc cầu nối cho đông đảo công chúng bình dân miền Nam tiếp cận kiệt tác văn học đỉnh cao về nghệ thuật diễn ngôn của dân tộc, mà còn góp phần truyền bá sâu rộng câu chuyện cuộc đời nàng Kiều ở vùng đất này. Thông qua việc khảo sát phó phẩm “Kim Vân Kiều ca”, bài viết giới thiệu đến bạn đọc một khuynh hướng tiếp nhận “Truyện Kiều” thú vị ở Nam Bộ.
Etkili Takımlar İçin Fonksiyonel Liderlik Yaklaşımı
Authors: Yıldırım Mehmet
Published: March 2023

Bu kitapta öncelikle liderlik kavramı üzerinde durularak liderliğin önemi vurgulanmış, klasik ve çağdaş anlamda liderlik yaklaşımlarına kısaca değinilmiştir. Sonrasında ise takım kavramı, etkili takımların sahip olması gereken özellikler, takımlara neden ihtiyaç duyulduğu ve takımın başarısında etkili olan faktörlere değinildikten sonra takım liderliği kavramı ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede takım liderliği için en etkili liderlik tarzı olarak fonksiyonel liderlik yaklaşımı önerilmiştir. Fonksiyonel liderlik yaklaşımı ile başarılı takımların ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan durumsal koşullar ve süreçler açıklanarak bir model ortaya konulmuştur.
Novasome: Combining Ufasome and Niosome for Excellent Vesicular Drug Delivery System
Authors: Rosalina Ajeng illastria , Sagita Erny , Iskandarsyah Iskandarsyah
Published: March 2023

Novasome technology is a novel encapsulation-based drug delivery method that is more effective and efficient than standard liposome systems. It is composed of a mixture of surfactant, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, which produce superior vesicle characteristics for drug delivery. Various studies have investigated the optimal combination of surfactant type, free fatty acid type, and their ratio, as well as the formulation factors that can significantly affect the vesicle characteristics. The novasome technology has demonstrated its potential for delivering a range of substances, including terconazole, fenticonazole, zolmitriptan, and vaccines. Novasomes can be produced using various methods, such as the thin film hydration (TFH) method, injection method, and vortex method combined with a suitable size reduction method. Future research can focus on exploring the potential of novasome technology for delivering a wider range of drugs and vaccines and developing more efficient and effective methods for producing novasome vesicles.
Unlocking the therapeutic potential of Garcinia cowa Rox. in diabetes management
Authors: Pathak Kalyani , Saikia Riya , Das Aparoop
Published: March 2023

Garcinia cowa Rox. is a tropical fruit traditionally used in various parts of Asia for medicinal purposes. Recent research has indicated that it may have potential as an antidiabetic drug. Studies have shown that the extract from the fruit of G. cowa can lower blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. This effect is believed to be due to various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and xanthones, which have demonstrated antidiabetic properties. In addition, fruit extract has also been found to improve lipid metabolism, often disrupted in individuals with diabetes. The extract has been shown to reduce levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Further studies are needed to explore the full potential of G. cowa as an antidiabetic drug, including clinical trials in humans. However, these initial findings suggest that this tropical fruit is a promising natural and effective treatment option for individuals with diabetes.
SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF VOLAR LOCKING PLATE VERSUS K-WIRES FIXATION FOR DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES
Authors: Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Shahid  , Muhammad Khalid  , Tanvir Haider  , Asim Aslam  , Muhammad Khalid Syed  , Mudassar Siddique
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective: The most common hand fractures among adult population are distal radius fractures and optimal management of these fractures remains controversial. Several surgical strategies are available to treat these fractures. Two most commonly used procedures volar locking plates and percutaneous K-wire fixation are used to treat distal radius fractures.The objective of this study was to compare outcome in distal radius fractures in volar locking plate and in K-wire fixation and in terms of functional and clinical outcome.
Methods: We conducted a randomized control trial at department of orthopedic surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore. After approval from the Ethical Review Board, a total number of 80 patients with distal radius fractures fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included. In Group A, distal radius fractures were fixed with volar locking plate and in Group B, K-wires were used to fix the distal radius fractures. Patients with polytrauma, head injury and spine injury were excluded from the study. Follow up was done at 2, 4, 6 weeks, 3 months and final at 6 months. Functional and clinical outcomes were measured with DASH Score and PREW Score at 3 months and 6 months.
Results:- Age range was 18-80 years, mean age was 61.3 + 14.5 years. Mechanism of injury was fall on outstretched hands in 45 (56.2%) patients, fall from height in 20 (25.0%) patients, motorbike accidents in 7 (8.8%) patients, injury after fight in 4 (5.0%) patients and 4 (5.0%) patients were having machine injury. No difference in radiological outcomes was recorded in the final follow up. There was no difference in volar tilt loss. It was 0.5o in plate group and 0.7o in K-wires group (p = 0.92). Radial length loss was 1mm in Group A and 1.2mm in Group B (p = 0.55). The loss of angle of radial inclination was 1.2o in Group A and 1.5o in Group B (p = 0.35) at the final follow up. There were 04 cases of superficial infection in Group B (10%) versus 01 in Group A (2.5%, p = 0.001).
Conclusion:- Our study shows that no mode of treatment in distal radius fractures is superior to other. The results of volar locking plate as compared to K-wire fixation were slightly better in the initial period but on long term bases both of these techniques have excellent and comparable results. DASH Score and PREW Score were almost equal in both of these techniques. The functional outcomes were almost equal in both of these techniques The complication rate although slightly more in K-wires group but it was insignificant from functional point of view.
Factors Responsible for Severity of Infection in COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Khalid Waheed  , Munaza Javed  , Muhammad Naeem Akhtar  , Osama Habib  , Muhammad Ijaz Bhatti  , Muhammad Irfan Malik
Published: March 2023

Background & Objective: After the Spanish Flu world has seen epidemics of SARS and MERS; however, these epidemics have no comparison to the magnitude of devastation caused by COVID-19. This virus originated from Wuhan, China and spread to every nook and corner of the world within weeks. In three months World Health Organization had labeled it as a pandemic. This novel deadly virus shows no discrimination of race or age. Everyone is equally at risk of developing the infection; however, clinical severity is thought to be influenced by age and the presence of comorbids. Furthermore, an increased rate of intensive care admissions, length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality have been reported in patients with COVID-19 infections having comorbids.The objective of this study was to evaluate the Factors responsible for clinical severity of COVID 19 infection in patients presenting to tertiary care hospitals in Lahore.
Methods: This Descriptive observational study was conducted simultaneously at three tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. A total of 200 confirmed patients with COVID-19 infection by RT PCR were included in the study. The case records of all the inpatients in the General Corona ward, Isolation wards, HDUs and ICUs were analyzed. Data analysis was performed in SPSS 20. Age, gender, and comorbid including Diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease were recorded and their relationship with the severity of COVID 19 infection was studied by applying the Spearman's rank correlation and Fisher's exact test.
Results: Out of the total 200 patients 54.5% were male and 45.5% were female, with a mean age of 58.29 ± 15.20 years. Critical and severe disease was seen in 33% and 63% of patients respectively. Most frequent comorbids reported were Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes (DM), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and lung diseases. A statistically significant positive association was observed between the severity of COVID 19 infection and increased age, diabetes. Hypertension was most frequently reported comorbid but association was not statistically significant. However, patients who had HTN along with ischemic heart disease had a statistically significant positive association with the severity of the disease .
Conclusion: Advanced age, diabetes Mellitus and hypertension when present in patients with ischemic heart disease have a statistically significant association with clinical severity of patients suffering from COVID 19 infection.
GIANT TUBULAR ADENOMA OF BREAST IN A YOUNG NULLIPAROUS FEMALE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Ghazia Qasmi  , Amina Rizwan  , Shahid Mahmood  , Maryam Hameed  , Rajia Ejaz
Published: March 2023

Background: Tubular adenoma of breast is an uncommon benign condition in young females, with only few growing to a very large size. Triple assessment tools shows similar presentation as a fibroadenoma, however, only excision biopsy can differentiate tubular adenoma from fibroadenoma.
Methods: A case of giant lump in 18 years young, unmarried, nulliparous female presented in outdoor patient department of a medium size trust hospital of Lahore, Pakistan and was preoperatively diagnosed as a case of fibroadenoma.
Results: Postoperative excision biopsy report showed a rare pathology of giant tubular adenoma of breast.
Conclusions: Giant tubular adenomas are rare clinically in nulliparous young females and should be considered in differential diagnosis of breast lumps among young, nulliparous females and a long-term follow-up of patients is required to observe its potential for recurrence and malignancy.
Patient Satisfaction Towards Outdoor Medical And Surgical Services Provided in a Public Sector Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of an Industrial City of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shahid Mahmood  , Imrana Aslam  , Sariha Mashood  , Ghazia Qasmi  , Noreen Bukhari  , Ayesha Khalid
Published: March 2023

Background & Objectives: Patient satisfaction is a multidimensional concept that consists of client's perceived needs, their expectations and experience of a health care system. There is no data available on patient satisfaction with outdoor (OPD) medical and surgical health care services in public sector tertiary care hospital of an industrial city of Punjab, Pakistan. This study aimed at measuring patients' satisfaction towards health care facilities provided in OPD of a public sector tertiary care level hospital of Sialkot, Pakistan
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was undertaken during the month of April-June, 2020 in the medical and surgical OPDs of Allama Iqbal Memorial teaching hospital, Sialkot. Overall, 180 adult patients visiting OPD were randomly selected and interviewed in-person in OPD settings using modified O-PAHC questionnaire. Analysis was based on descriptive characterization of participants, estimating patient's satisfaction score and assessing relationship of socio-demographic factors in relation to summary satisfaction score using multiple linear regression technique.
Results: Of 180 participants, 93 clients were from medical and 87 were from surgical OPD. Most clients were aged 40 years or above, with females constituted 60% of sample. Two-third participants had no formal education. More than fifty percent clients were not satisfied with OPD timings, waiting time for examination, cleanliness in toilets, and surgeons not listening their health issues attentively. Mean satisfaction score was 59% ± 6 (range: 41% -70%). No statistically significant difference was found for mean satisfaction score as regards to age, sex, education status, and frequency of visit.
Conclusion: On average, 59% of the OPD Clients attending medical and surgical departments of this teaching hospital were satisfied from its working. Hospital administration needs to devise strategy to reduce waiting time for consultation, extend OPD timings, with more efforts required to improve physical ambience.
DIRECT VISION INTERNAL URETHROTOMY (DVIU) AND REGULAR CLEAN SELF INTERMITTENT CATHETERIZATION(CSIC) FOR SHORT BULBAR URETHRAL STRICTURES: A DURABLE SOLUTION
Authors: Hassan Raza Asghar  , Manzoor Ahmed Malik  , Muhammad Adil Chaudhary  , Mahboob Alam Chishti  , Zulfiqar Saleem  , Aleena Ahmed Khan
Published: March 2023

Background: To evaluate durability of DVIU results and recurrence of stricture if the CSIC was done regularly up to one year and weekly thereafter.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Urology at tertiary care teaching hospital of Avicenna medical college Lahore Pakistan. Files of all patients operated between January 2017 and July 2021 for single bulbar urethral strictures of less than 1-1.5cm size in length, iatrogenic, idiopathic, traumatic or inflammatory origins were evaluated. Patient with multiple or complicated strictures of post urethroplasty, post hypospadias repair, previous radiation or multiple DVIU were excluded from the study. Data analysis of all patients who were on CSIC following direct vision internal urethrotomy were evaluated at 3,6,12 and 24 months.

Results: Mean age of patients was 41.13 years with range between 26-74 years.Most Common cause of urethral strictures were idiopathic 66(58.92%) followed by iatrogenic 27(24.11%) causes. After 24 months of follow up 95 (84.82%) patients maintained urethral caliber up to 16 Fr. Failure or recurrence was found in 17 (15.18%) patients who required intervention.

Conclusion: Direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) with regular clean intermittent self-catheterization (CSIC)was found to have a good success rate in bulbourethral strictures up to 1cm in selected patients.
UJI PARAMETER SPESIFIK DAN NONSPESIFIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Authors: A Tenriugi Daeng Pine  , Basir Hernawati , Muh. Anwar
Published: March 2023

Banana plants kepok ( Musa paradisiaca L.) Known to have large has its pharmacological effects and used in traditional medicines .One of the plants that used in the community is leaves as a wrapper food as adder flavored turned out to have efficacy as antioxidant and antimikroba .To be as raw materials for traditional medicine needs to be specific and undergone a nonspecific parameter The purpose of this research is to know the parameter of extracts ethanol nonspecific specific and banana leaf kepok obtained by means of extracting using ethanol 96 % method maceration and produce values as 4,62 % rendamen as much as .Done testing parameters specific and that the organoleptik nonspecific , the compound insoluble water and ethanol , as the keel drying .Banana leaf extract kepok produced is extract viscous , dark brown , it has a characteristic odor , and taste .The compound dissolved in water by 66,66 % ± % 6 , while the compound late ethanol by 57,33 %±2,08 % .And the keel of drying by 3,95 %±1%.
Pemerintahan Daerah dan Fasilitas Pendidikan Politik: Peluang dan Tantangan Badan Kesatuan Bangsa, Politik dan Perlindungan Masyarakat
Authors: Asparill Teguh Ahmad
Published: March 2023

Abstract: This research focuses on what is the role of the Badan Kesatuan Bangsa, Politik dan Perlindungan Masyarakat of South Sulawesi Province in the implementation of political education based on the existing problems related to these activities. In this study, it was found that the role of the Badan Kesatuan Bangsa, Politik dan Perlindungan Masyarakat in the implementation of political education in South Sulawesi Province had not been carried out properly, and there were several obstacles in the implementation process. Therefore, based on the research results, political education has not been implemented optimally due to several inhibiting factors. However, Badan Kesatuan Bangsa, Politik dan Perlindungan Masyarakat of South Sulawesi Province have tried to overcome these obstacles so that later these activities can be carried out properly.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of the Badan Kesatuan Bangsa, Politik dan Perlindungan Masyarakat of South Sulawesi Province in organizing political education facilitation whether it has been running optimally or at a minimum.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with an inductive approach. The data collection techniques by means of interviews, observation, and documentation.
Findings: In this study, it was found that the role of the Badan Kesatuan Bangsa, Politik dan Perlindungan Masyarakat in organizing political education in South Sulawesi Province had not been carried out properly, and there were several obstacles in the implementation process.
Originality/Value: The context of this research is then more focused on the implementation of the duties, principles, and functions of the Badan Kesatuan Bangsa, Politik dan Perlindungan Masyarakat of South Sulawesi Province in the administration of political education facilities when viewed from the aspects of norms, organization, and social structure.
Manuskrip Kampar
Authors: Ma'rifat Devi Fauziyah
Published: March 2023

Abstract: A handwritten text is called a manuscript. It is considered a cultural heritage from a society’s history in the past. A manuscript contains various expressions of emotions and thoughts of culture in the past and has historical elements. Manuscripts become objects of research in various fields of science, including philology, history, archeology, codicology, and paleography. Each ancient manuscript holds cultural values, but its form does not appear explicitly, so gradual and careful research is needed to identify them.
Purpose: Readers can understand the text and know the moral message it implies.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Through contextual analysis, readers can recognize and understand the concept of cultural values.
Findings: Readers can understand the moral message it carries.
Originality/Value: Produces a critical edition that readers can understand.
Brokerage dalam Politik Lokal: Karakteristik Patron-Klien Wilayah Abangan pada Pilkada Kabupaten Blitar Tahun 2020
Authors: Widyarini Dyah Ayu
Published: March 2023

Abstract: This article analyzes the patterns of relations held by brokers in areas that have an abangan culture. The broker in this study is botoh who acts as an intermediary between candidates and prospective voters in the 2020 Blitar Regency Pilkada (Regional Elections). The theory used is the contemporary patron-client theory proposed by James C. Scott, which aims to explore the patron-client characteristics possessed by botoh in Blitar Regency.
Purpose: This study aims to understand the characteristics of patron-client relationship patterns found in the abangan region of Blitar Regency. In the Pilkada held in 2020, there is a relationship formed between candidate pairs, botoh, and clients. The relationship was formed because of the opportunities for benefits obtained by each party.
Design/Methodology/Approach Descriptive qualitative research methods and in-depth interviews for information gathering can explain the patron-client characteristics of botoh.
Findings: This study shows that botoh in abangan areas have seven characteristics, those are (1) short-term relationship span with candidates but long-term relationship span with their subordinates, (2) profit-based relationship pattern with both candidates and subordinates, (3) specialized influence on patrons and clients who have interests, (4) has a modern managed resource base, (5) minimal control over local resources, (6) botoh and his men are one of the community groups in Blitar Regency, (7) botoh has a dense relationship with patrons and clients who have similar characteristics.
Originality/Value: This research focuses on understanding the characteristics of patron-client relationship patterns found in the abangan region of Blitar Regency.
ANALISIS PENGARUH MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOK BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP KINERJA UMKM KERIPIK SINGKONG DI KOTA CILEGON
Authors: Purnama Sari Wulan , Astuti Andjar , Suherman Suherman
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the relationship of information sharing, trust, long-term relationships, and collaboration on the performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) cassava chips in the City of Cilegon. The number of samples in this study was 40 respondents, namely the owners of cassava chips Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (UMKM) and directly related to cassava raw material suppliers. Data analysis techniques use multiple linear regression analysis.The analysis tools are using SPSS program version 21. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done, the results show that sharing information has a positive but not significant effect on the company's performance. The trust has a positive and significant effect on the company's performance. Long-term relationships have a positive but not significant effect on the company's performance. Collaboration has a positive and significant effect on the company's performance.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN LABEL PADA PRODUK KEMASAN UMKM DI DESA BESUK, KECAMATAN BANTARAN, KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Taufikurrahman Taufikurrahman , Baihaqi Yusuf Ahmad Riki , Fatimatuzzahro Ucik , Febriari Rahmawati Ernesta , Fadila Aprilia Farah , Nur Fadillah Ayu , Setiawati Putri , Tri Aidhaningtyas Fera , Rahma Krisna Nabilah , Surya Murti Deva , Laksmana Putra Setyo Febri , Ardiyana I Gede
Published: March 2023

Marketing strategy holds a very important control in the success of product acceptance in the community, but many Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) ignore this.  Labels and packaging are one of the keys for Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)  to further increase the selling value of their products.  Empowerment activities to improve the quality of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) are carried out through assistance in making labels on packaged products.  The object of this activity is Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)  actors in Besuk Village, Bantaran District, and Probolinggo Regency.  One of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)  products in this village is banana chips, cassava chips, elephant ears, and lard.  The problem with these Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) is the low quality of label and packaging designs for their products, as well as the lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure for designing product packaging labels.  So that the products of Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) partners are less attractive than similar competitor products.  The Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) products in Besuk Village it self also do not have a broad market share, so they are constrained in increasing the number of products that will be produced.  Implementation methods used include: 1) pre-activity;  2) core activities;  3) activity evaluation.  Where the problem solving of the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) constraints above is in the form of assisting in making labels on packaged products so that they can meet the existing label requirements and also look more attractive.  The results of the activity are in the form of training on the manufacture of product packaging labels as well as the manufacture of ready to use designs for these Small and Medium Enterprise (SME).
PELATIHAN DIGITAL MARKETING GUNA MENINGKATKAN PANGSA PASAR PADA UMKM KEDUNGDORO KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Athaya Illahi Aisyah Ghina , Anggia Ayu Tambunan Raphita Celyna , Rahmadanti Nadya Novelia , Tharisa Shindy Putri , Siskawati Siskawati , Wardani Rifda , Mar’ie Haqiqi Syafrizal , Haratua Sinaga Simon Fridolin , Kusuma Agung Airlangga , Widianto David , Puspa Arum Dewi
Published: March 2023

Indonesia is one of the countries that has been affected by the COVID-19 outbreak since early March 2020 until now. The spread of the COVID-19 outbreak has caused an unfavorable impact on various sectors. Business owners admit that there have been a lot of declines in income during this pandemic and the marketing method is only done through word of mouth, the next problem is that limited land is a trigger for MSME actors to do product marketing. In addition, 70% of MSME actors surveyed are 40-70 years old, so they do not understand how to take advantage of the sophistication of existing digitalization technology even though they already have adequate communication tools. The implementation method used in Kedungdoro Surabaya Village is training in the form of a digital marketing workshop which will be given in the form of direct practice by utilizing Google My Business social media as the media used. The results of the digitalization training activity to increase market share in the Kedungdoro sub-district generally show that this training can increase people's knowledge and understanding of the importance of utilizing digital technology to expand their product marketing.
MODEL PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI BAWANG MERAH MELALUI SISTEM BANK BENIH UNTUK PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PETANI (Suatu Kasus Pada Kelompok Tani Mekar Jaya Desa Tonjong)
Authors: Aliudin Aliudin , Wibowo Aris Supriyo , Sariyoga Setiawan , Meutia Meutia
Published: March 2023

Farmers in shallots in central locations in Serang Regency are faced with seed problems. The problem of the availability of shallot seeds hampers the planting schedule so that shallot production decreases. One of the solutions offered in this activity is to provide independent seeds provided directly by farmers through seed banks. This activity aims to create a model for the empowerment of shallot farmers with a seed bank system. The methods used in this activity are descriptive and observational methods. The method of observation was carried out directly on farmer groups using a census sampling technique of 65 members of farmer groups. The criteria used in the sampling technique with the limitation that the farmers who will be sampled are farmers who grow shallots for seed purposes. The results of the activity show that the appropriate model for empowering farmers with the shallot seed bank system is the Natura Revolving Seed Bank Model. The in-kind rolling seed model is considered to be in accordance with the considerations because this model has the resilience to roll and its sustainability is guaranteed.
ASSISTANCE AND UTILIZATION OF THE MARKETPLACE IN THE FACEBOOK APPLICATION AS A MEAN OF BUYING BY TRADERS IN PALANGKA RAYA CITY
Authors: Akbar Wahyu , Kurniawan Rahmad , Tarantang Jefry , Sodiq  , Cornelia Riska
Published: March 2023

Social media is a forum that is familiar to the ears of the Indonesian people, especially in the process of using it to reach the general public in accessing basic needs and supporting the community's economy. As we know, more than one hundred million Indonesians currently access social media which is then used as a tool to reach the wider community. Of the many types of social media circulating according to data from Suara.com, Indonesians use Facebook more as a tool to support basic needs and the economy, as many as 140 million Indonesians access it, which puts us in second place in the world of people who access Facebook media. The current pandemic condition does not necessarily reduce access to social media, in fact, according to the data we found, access to the use of social media has increased, especially in supporting the community's economy. Of the many Facebook users who later attracted our attention to research and explore what later became the attraction of this application in the economic sector. The research that we do is field research (qualitative) with descriptive analysis method and service learning approach in order to obtain data according to the existing facts from the use of the media.
PEMBUATAN AKUAPONIK BUDIKDAMBER IKAN LELE DI DESA AMBULU KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Taufikurrahman Taufikurrahman , Oka Warmana Gde , Budiman Arief , Sabilal Ali Efendi M , Karimah Nabilatul , Beth Nasarani Eunike Elisa , Maslikhatun Aliyah Siti , Gita Kharisma Effendhi  , Rahmayanti Silvia , Hayu Pinasthi Driyaningrum
Published: March 2023

Mayoritas penduduk di Desa Ambulu memiliki mata pencaharian sebagai petani dan peternak. Keterbatasan lahan setiap penduduk mengakibatkan masyarakat kesulitan dalam menambah mata pencaharian yang sesuai dengan potensi desa. Penerapan budikdamber sebagai pengembangan dari sistem Akuaponik diharapkan mampu menumbuhkan minat masyarakat Desa Ambulu dalam melakukan budidaya ikan dan sayuran dalam satu tempat. Sehingga hasil panen yang didapatkan berlimpah serta mencukupi kebutuhan gizi yang berasal dari ikan dan sayuran. Salah satu upaya untuk menumbuhkan minat masyarakat dalam budidaya ikan dan sayuran dalam satu tempat dengan cara melakukan sosialisasi dan praktik budikdamber yang dilakukan di salah satu rumah perangkat desa. Sosialisasi dilakukan dengan cara menyampaikan materi tentang hidroponik dan fungsi serta manfaat budikdamber yang diikuti oleh masyarakat Desa Ambulu dengan tujuan agar dapat mengisi waktu luang dan memanfaatkan keterbatasan lahan sempit menjadi efisien dan menguntungkan. Sosialisasi dilakukan dengan cara demonstrasi mengenai budikdamber. Hasil yang didapatkan dari program ini adalah adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat tentang budidaya ikan dalam ember (Budikdamber) serta adanya peningkatan penghasilan keluarga dengan memanfaatkan pekarangan rumah melalui budidaya ikan dan sayuran dalam satu tempat.
The Path of Cyril and Methodius as a Cultural Tra- dition and in the Perspective of an European Cultural Route
Authors: Barlieva Slavia
Published: March 2023

The text briefly presents the reason for organizing the conference “Тhe path of Cyril and Methodius – spatial and cultural-historical dimensions” (27–29 October 2021, Sofia). It was the idea to support the holder of the Council of Europe certificate – the Cyril and Methodius European Cultural Route Association (Zlin, Czech Republic), whose Bulgarian member is the Cyril and Methodius Scientific Center at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Providing general information about the Cultural Routes program, the author explains their general purpose: to show “how the heritage of the different countries and cultures of Europe contributes to a shared and living cultural heritage” through time and space travel. The need to organize a Bulgarian cultural route, which will become an integral part of the European one, is emphasized. The conference, part of whose reports is published in the current volume of the “Kyril-Metodievski Studies” series, is one of the first steps in this direction.
AN UNKNOWN TRANSLATION BY SAMUIL BAKACHICH
Authors: Uzunova Dessislava
Published: March 2023

This paper explores manuscript MS Or. 298 from the collection of the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana (Venice). The manuscript is an autograph of Samuil Bakachich and it contains his translation of the work “Key of understanding”, written by the Ukrainian man of letters Joanikiy Galiatovsky. It is a newly discovered translation by Bakachich, made in the eighth decade of the 17th century.
THE FIFTH SLAVIC SIEGE OF THESSALONIKI
Authors: Stanev Kamen
Published: March 2023

The fifth Slavic siege of Thessaloniki took place in 676 – 678 and it shows that the relationship between the Slavic tribes and Byzantium, as well as between the Slavic tribes themselves, is much more complex than is traditionally presented in the historiography. The hostile actions of the slavs against the city can be divided into two periods. In the first stage participated the Rhynchines, Strymonites and Sagudates. During this period, in Thessaloniki, as Byzantine allies, there was also a Slavic squad, without specifying which tribe it was from. The fact that the Dragovites, who lived west of the city during this period, are not among the tribes fighting with Thessaloniki shows that perhaps it is from them the slavs in question, allies of the Byzanatines.This is also the reason why the first two years there is no real siege, only separate attacks on land and sea. At one point, the Slavic squad, which was helping Thessaloniki, turned against the Byzantines. This is the moment when the Draguvites appear among the tribes invading the city and at the same time move to a classic siege using siege machines. After the failure of the siege, the Draguvites fell into some form of dependence on the empire, and over the next two centuries there was no evidence of hostilities between them and the Byzantines. In contrast, the Strymonites and Rhynchines continued their raids for another decade.
ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ВЕХИ В ИСТОРИИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МУЗЕЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Харипова Рашида , Джасыбаев Ермек
Published: March 2023

Аннотация. Центральный государственный музей Республики Казахстан существует уже более чем 190 лет. История его возникновения уходит своими корнями в 30-е годы XIX столетия и претерпела различные, как положительные, так и отрицательные вехи в своем развитии. Периоды становления и функционирования музея описаны достаточным количеством исследователей на основе довольно репрезентативной источниковой базы. Однако в контексте изложения обширного материала по истории музея есть места для внесения определенных корректировок и дополнений, на что и нацелена предлагаемая читателю публикация. В статье авторы стремятся рассмотреть исторические вехи в истории Центрального государственного музея РК. 

Материал и методы исследования: Материалы Центрального государственного архива РК, Центрального государственного музея РК, Государственного архива Оренбургской области, научные публикации.

В процессе работы применялся комплекс классических методологических возможностей, освещения событийной хроники в становлении и развитии Центрального музея Казахстана. В числе их, использовался общеизвестный историко-генетический метод, основанный на принципе историзма в преодизационных вехах одного из старейших музейных учреждений страны. Применение историко-сравнительного метода, вкупе с системным подходом, дало возможность, путем аналогий и отличий, выстроить канву исторического облика музея в условиях того или иного периода отечественной истории, определить степень целостности его последовательного развития на уровне изоморфизма. Опора на метод актуализации, определил возможности прогнозирования исторических явлений, связанных со становлением музейного потенциала Казахстана, через призму рассмотрения зарождения и функционирования фондовых коллекций его Центрального музея. Широкое использование архивных документальных материалов, при восстановлении возможно достоверной столетней хроники Центрального музея, возбудил интерес к не менее широкому использованию контент-анализа, позволяющего оперировать разнообразными историческими данными по конкретной аналитической проблеме.
ИЗРАЗЦЫ МАВЗОЛЕЯ АЙША БИБИ В СОБРАНИИ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МУЗЕЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН.
Authors: Торежанова Набира , Кулиш Алексей
Published: March 2023

Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются изразцы, относящиеся к мавзолею Айша биби вблизи г. Тараза. Датировка изразцов, как и самого мавзолея, по-прежнему остается достаточно спорной. После обработки и описания части плиток из собрания Центрального Государственного Музея Республики Казахстан становятся понятны новые черты и детали, важные для решения вопросов хронологии и применения отдельных декоративных элементов в постройке. Местная таразская школа изготовления изразцов складывается в домонгольское время, в XI-XII вв, но некоторые изразцы имеют достаточно поздние черты XIII-XIV вв. Можно предположить, что традиции, приемы создания архитектурного декора и декоративных элементов не исчезают после монгольского завоевания Тараза, а получают дальнейшее развитие.

Материал и методы исследования: Материалом исследования послужила коллеция облицовочных изразцов мавзолея Айша биби из археологического фонда ЦГМ РК. Методологическую основу исследования составили принципы историзма, объективности и системный подход, который позволил объединить различные методы анализа и синтеза. В данной статье были использованы историко-сравнительный, системно-аналитический и статистический методы, которые обеспечили решение поставленных задач.
AN OVERVIEW OF THE GOLDEN HORDE STUDIES AND THE PLACE OF GENGHIZNAME AND SHIBANNAMES AS NATIVE SOURCES IN THE GOLDEN HORDE STUDIES
Authors: Gündoğdu Abdullah
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Studies on the empire of Genghis are becoming increasingly important not only for understanding the Late Middle Ages of Eurasia, but also for its contemporary periods. In the past two centuries, in connection with the historical importance of Eastern Europe and Inner Asia, a great accumulation has been revealed in studies that reveal the location of the four nations that make up this vast empire, especially the Jochi Ulus.

The oral history tradition, on which the Turk peoples are based, has developed in two branches as Oguzname and Genghizname, harmonizing with the historical tradition of China, then Iran and Islam. Works in Persian and Turkish languages are integrated with Islamic traditions. This historiography tradition forms the basis of the Turkic states' conceptions of dominance. These are the mythology of the Turkic peoples, that is, in a sense, the stenography of prehistory or times that history has not recorded.