bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nondieting Psychological Interventions for Individuals who are Overweight or Obese: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: MacDonald Danielle E. , Cassin Stephanie E.
Published: November 2015

Nondieting psychological interventions for overweight/obesity emerged from poor maintenance of change in weight reduction interventions, psychological difficulties experienced by this group, and the position that focusing on weight loss can reinforce psychological struggles. The nondieting paradigm aims to improve wellness without weight loss. This paper reviews the efficacy of nondieting interventions for overweight/obesity. Thirteen randomized controlled trials were reviewed, which compared nondieting interventions to wait list, weight loss, and psychosocial comparison groups. In the short-term and in follow-up, nondieting interventions resulted in improvement of body dissatisfaction, restrained eating, and eating disorder psychopathology, but not other psychological or physiological variables. Despite not focusing on weight reduction, there were no weight differences compared to weight loss treatments at 12–18 month follow-up. These findings suggest that elements of the nondieting paradigm may be beneficial to psychological wellbeing in individuals with overweight/obesity, and that integrating such interventions into clinical practice may be helpful.
Genetics in Experimental Psychopathology: From Laboratory Models to Therapygenetics. Where do we go from Here?
Authors: Lonsdorf Tina B. , Baas Johanna M. P.
Published: November 2015

Experimental psychopathology is the application of experimental methods to the study of psychopathology and its underlying processes. The study of individual differences in the development, maintenance and/or relapse of psychopathology is currently at the forefront of research. Stressful events are known to exert a substantial impact on our lives. Why however, do some people react in an extremely adaptive way, while others develop pathology in the aftermath of a trauma? One particularly interesting individual differences factor is genetic makeup and the aim of this paper is to review the current state of the art of genetics in experimental psychopathology which is illustrated by using fear conditioning as an exemplary model in the study of mechanisms underlying anxiety. We identify and discuss current challenges of the field and provide recommendations on how these can be met. In addition, criteria for experimental models of psychopathology as well as future directions are discussed.
Ice nucleating particles at a coastal marine boundary layer site: correlations with aerosol type and meteorological conditions
Authors: Mason R. H. , Si M. , Li J. , Chou C. , Dickie R. , Toom-Sauntry D. , Pöhlker C. , Yakobi-Hancock J. D. , Ladino L. A. , Jones K. , Leaitch W. R. , Schiller C. L. , Abbatt J. P. D. , Huffman J. A. , Bertram A. K.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Information on what aerosol particle types are the major sources of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the atmosphere is needed for climate predictions. To determine which aerosol particles are the major sources of immersion-mode INPs at a coastal site in Western Canada, we investigated correlations between INP number concentrations and both concentrations of different atmospheric particles and meteorological conditions. We show that INP number concentrations are strongly correlated with the number concentrations of fluorescent bioparticles between −15 and −25 °C, and that the size distribution of INPs is most consistent with the size distribution of fluorescent bioparticles. We conclude that biological particles were likely the major source of ice nuclei at freezing temperatures between −15 and −25 °C at this site for the time period studied. At −30 °C, INP number concentrations are also well correlated with number concentrations of the total aerosol particles ≥ 0.5 μm, suggesting that non-biological particles may have an important contribution to the population of INPs active at this temperature. As we found that black carbon particles were unlikely to be a major source of ice nuclei during this study, these non-biological INPs may include mineral dust. Furthermore, correlations involving chemical tracers of marine aerosols and marine biological activity, sodium and methanesulfonic acid, indicate that the majority of INPs measured at the coastal site likely originated from terrestrial rather than marine sources. Finally, six existing empirical parameterizations of ice nucleation were tested to determine if they accurately predict the measured INP number concentrations. We found that none of the parameterizations selected are capable of predicting INP number concentrations with high accuracy over the entire temperature range investigated. This finding illustrates that additional measurements are needed to improve parameterizations of INPs and their subsequent climatic impacts.
Reviews and syntheses: Calculating the global contribution of coralline algae to total carbon burial
Authors: van der Heijden L. H. , Kamenos N. A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The ongoing increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is changing the global marine environment and is causing warming and acidification of the oceans. Reduction of CO2 to a sustainable level is required to avoid further marine change. Many studies investigate the potential of marine carbon sinks (e.g. seagrass) to mitigate anthropogenic emissions, however, information on storage by coralline algae and the beds they create is scant. Calcifying photosynthetic organisms, including coralline algae, can act as a CO2 sink via photosynthesis and CaCO3 dissolution and act as a CO2 source during respiration and CaCO3 production on short-term timescales. Long-term carbon storage potential might come from the accumulation of coralline algae deposits over geological timescales. Here, the carbon storage potential of coralline algae is assessed using meta-analysis of their global organic and inorganic carbon production and the processes involved in this metabolism. Net organic and inorganic production were estimated at 330 g C m−2 yr−1 and 900 g CaCO3 m−2 yr−1 respectively giving global organic/inorganic C production of 0.7/1.8 × 109 t C yr−1. Calcium carbonate production by free-living/crustose coralline algae (CCA) corresponded to a sediment accretion of 70/450 mm kyr−1. Using this potential carbon storage for coralline algae, the global production of free-living algae/CCA was 0.4/1.2 × 109 t C yr−1 suggesting a total potential carbon sink of 1.6 × 109 tonnes per year. Coralline algae therefore have production rates similar to mangroves, salt marshes and seagrasses representing an as yet unquantified but significant carbon store, however, further empirical investigations are needed to determine the dynamics and stability of that store.
Large ensemble modeling of last deglacial retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: comparison of simple and advanced statistical techniques
Authors: Pollard D. , Chang W. , Haran M. , Applegate P. , DeConto R.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. A 3-D hybrid ice-sheet model is applied to the last deglacial retreat of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet over the last ~ 20 000 years. A large ensemble of 625 model runs is used to calibrate the model to modern and geologic data, including reconstructed grounding lines, relative sea-level records, elevation-age data and uplift rates, with an aggregate score computed for each run that measures overall model-data misfit. Two types of statistical methods are used to analyze the large-ensemble results: simple averaging weighted by the aggregate score, and more advanced Bayesian techniques involving Gaussian process-based emulation and calibration, and Markov chain Monte Carlo. Results for best-fit parameter ranges and envelopes of equivalent sea-level rise with the simple averaging method agree quite well with the more advanced techniques, but only for a large ensemble with full factorial parameter sampling. Best-fit parameter ranges confirm earlier values expected from prior model tuning, including large basal sliding coefficients on modern ocean beds. Each run is extended 5000 years into the "future" with idealized ramped climate warming. In the majority of runs with reasonable scores, this produces grounding-line retreat deep into the West Antarctic interior, and the analysis provides sea-level-rise envelopes with well defined parametric uncertainty bounds.
Mekong River flow and hydrological extremes under climate change
Authors: Hoang L. P. , Lauri H. , Kummu M. , Koponen J. , van Vliet M. T. H. , Supit I. , Leemans R. , Kabat P. , Ludwig F.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Climate change poses critical threats to water related safety and sustainability in the Mekong River basin. Hydrological impact signals derived from CMIP3 climate change scenarios, however, are highly uncertain and largely ignore hydrological extremes. This paper provides one of the first hydrological impact assessments using the most recent CMIP5 climate change scenarios. Furthermore, we model and analyse changes in river flow regimes and hydrological extremes (i.e. high flow and low flow conditions). Similar to earlier CMIP3-based assessments, the hydrological cycle also intensifies in the CMIP5 climate change scenarios. The scenarios ensemble mean shows increases in both seasonal and annual river discharges (annual change between +5 and +16 %, depending on location). Despite the overall increasing trend, the individual scenarios show differences in the magnitude of discharge changes and, to a lesser extent, contrasting directional changes. We further found that extremely high flow events increase in both magnitude and frequency. Extremely low flows, on the other hand, are projected to occur less often under climate change. Higher low flows can help reducing dry season water shortage and controlling salinization in the downstream Mekong Delta. However, higher and more frequent peak discharges will exacerbate flood risk in the basin. The implications of climate change induced hydrological changes are critical and thus require special attention in climate change adaptation and disaster-risk reduction.
Comprehensive experimental study on prevention of land subsidence caused by dewatering in deep foundation pit with hanging waterproof curtain
Authors: Yang T. L. , Yan X. X. , Wang H. M. , Huang X. L. , Zhan G. H.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Land subsidence caused by dewatering of deep foundations pit has currently become the focus of prevention and control of land subsidence in Shanghai. Because of the reliance on deep foundation dewatering pit projects, two comprehensive test sites were established to help prevent land subsidence. Through geological environmental monitoring during dewatering of a deep foundation pit, the analysis of the relation between artesian water level and soil subsidence, some basic features of land subsidence caused by dewatering of deep foundation pits are elucidated. The results provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of land subsidence caused by dewatering in deep foundation pits.
Land subsidence of clay deposits after the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake
Authors: Yasuhara K. , Kazama M.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Extensive infrastructure collapse resulted from the cataclysmic earthquake that struck off the eastern coast of Japan on 11 March 2011 and from its consequent gigantic tsunami, affecting not only the Tohoku region but also the Kanto region. Among the geological and geotechnical processes observed, land subsidence occurring in both coastal and inland areas and from Tohoku to Kanto is an extremely important issue that must be examined carefully. This land subsidence is classifiable into three categories: (i) land sinking along the coastal areas because of tectonic movements, (ii) settlement of sandy deposits followed by liquefaction, and (iii) long-term post-earthquake recompression settlement in soft clay caused by dissipation of excess pore pressure. This paper describes two case histories of post-earthquake settlement of clay deposits from among the three categories of ground sinking and land subsidence because such settlement has been frequently overlooked in numerous earlier earthquakes. Particularly, an attempt is made to propose a methodology for predicting such settlement and for formulating remedial or responsive measures to mitigate damage from such settlement.
Regional subsidence modelling in Murcia city (SE Spain) using 1-D vertical finite element analysis and 2-D interpolation of ground surface displacements
Authors: Tessitore S. , Fernández-Merodo J. A. , Herrera G. , Tomás R. , Ramondini M. , Sanabria M. , Duro J. , Mulas J. , Calcaterra D.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Subsidence is a hazard that may have natural or anthropogenic origin causing important economic losses. The area of Murcia city (SE Spain) has been affected by subsidence due to groundwater overexploitation since the year 1992. The main observed historical piezometric level declines occurred in the periods 1982–1984, 1992–1995 and 2004–2008 and showed a close correlation with the temporal evolution of ground displacements. Since 2008, the pressure recovery in the aquifer has led to an uplift of the ground surface that has been detected by the extensometers. In the present work an elastic hydro-mechanical finite element code has been used to compute the subsidence time series for 24 geotechnical boreholes, prescribing the measured groundwater table evolution. The achieved results have been compared with the displacements estimated through an advanced DInSAR technique and measured by the extensometers. These spatio-temporal comparisons have showed that, in spite of the limited geomechanical data available, the model has turned out to satisfactorily reproduce the subsidence phenomenon affecting Murcia City. The model will allow the prediction of future induced deformations and the consequences of any piezometric level variation in the study area.
Modeling of earth fissures caused by land subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal
Authors: Panda B. B. , Rucker M. L. , Fergason K. C.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Land subsidence and earth fissures are phenomena related to groundwater withdrawal in a sedimentary basin. If the rock basement or basin lithology is irregular, both vertical and horizontal displacements can be induced due to differential settlement and tensile stresses appearing in the soil mass. If the differential settlement is of sufficient magnitude, earth fissuring can occur within tensile zones. The magnitudes of compaction and fissure geometry are closely related to the thickness and skeletal compressibility of fine-grained sediments within the aquifer system. Land subsidence and earth fissuring were modeled by employing a two-dimensional (2-D) coupled seepage and stress-strain finite element analysis. The basin bedrock geometry, lithological variation, measurements of surface displacements, and changes in hydraulic head were the critical input parameter for the subsidence modeling. Simulation results indicate that strain had exceeded the approximate threshold for fissure formation of 0.02 to 0.06 % in the area of the identified fissures. The numerical model was used to predict future subsidence and potential earth fissures for flood control structures within the metro Phoenix area.
Poroelastic responses of confined aquifers to subsurface strain and their use for volcano monitoring
Authors: Strehlow K. , Gottsmann J. H. , Rust A. C.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Well water level changes associated with magmatic unrest can be interpreted as a result of pore pressure changes in the aquifer due to crustal deformation, and so could provide constraints on the subsurface processes causing this strain. We use finite element analysis to demonstrate the response of aquifers to volumetric strain induced by pressurized magma reservoirs. Two different aquifers are invoked – an unconsolidated pyroclastic deposit and a vesicular lava flow – and embedded in an impermeable crust, overlying a magma chamber. The time-dependent, fully coupled models simulate crustal deformation accompanying chamber pressurization and the resulting hydraulic head changes as well as flow through the porous aquifer, i.e. porous flow. The simulated strain leads to centimetres (pyroclastic aquifer) to metres (lava flow aquifer) of hydraulic head changes; both strain and hydraulic head change with time due to substantial porous flow in the hydrological system. Well level changes are particularly sensitive to chamber volume, shape and pressurization strength, followed by aquifer permeability and the phase of the pore fluid. The depths of chamber and aquifer, as well as the aquifer's Young's modulus also have significant influence on the hydraulic head signal. While source characteristics, the distance between chamber and aquifer and the elastic stratigraphy determine the strain field and its partitioning, flow and coupling parameters define how the aquifer responds to this strain and how signals change with time. We find that generic analytical models can fail to capture the complex pre-eruptive subsurface mechanics leading to strain-induced well level changes, due to aquifer pressure changes being sensitive to chamber shape and lithological heterogeneities. In addition, the presence of a pore fluid and its flow have a significant influence on the strain signal in the aquifer and are commonly neglected in analytical models. These findings highlight the need for numerical models for the interpretation of observed well level signals. However, simulated water table changes do indeed mirror volumetric strain, and wells are therefore a valuable addition to monitoring systems that could provide important insights into pre-eruptive dynamics.
The global land shortwave cryosphere radiative effect during the MODIS era
Authors: Singh D. , Flanner M. G. , Perket J.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The shortwave cryosphere radiative effect (CrRE) is the instantaneous influence of snow and ice cover on Earth's top-of-atmosphere (TOA) solar energy budget. Here, we apply measurements from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), combined with microwave retrievals of snow presence and radiative kernels produced from four different models, to derive CrRE over global land during 2001–2013. We estimate global annual-mean land CrRE during this period of −2.6 W m−2, with variations from −2.2 to −3.0 W m−2 resulting from use of different kernels and variations of −2.4 to −2.6 W m−2 resulting from different algorithmic determinations of snow presence and surface albedo. Slightly more than half of the global land CrRE originates from perennial snow on Antarctica, whereas the majority of the northern hemispheric effect originates from seasonal snow. Consequently, the northern hemispheric land CrRE peaks at −6.0 W m−2 in April, whereas the southern hemispheric effect more closely follows the austral insolation cycle, peaking at −9.0 W m−2 in December. Mountain glaciers resolved in 0.05° MODIS data contribute about −0.037 W m−2 (1.4 %) of the global effect, with the majority (94 %) of this contribution originating from the Himalayas. Interannual trends in the global annual-mean land CrRE are not statistically significant during the MODIS era, but trends are positive (less negative) over large areas of northern Asia, especially during spring, and slightly negative over Antarctica, possibly due to increased snowfall. During a common overlap period of 2001–2008, our MODIS estimates of the northern hemispheric land CrRE are about 18 % smaller (less negative) than previous estimates derived from coarse-resolution AVHRR data, though interannual variations are well correlated (r = 0.78), indicating that these data are useful in determining longer-term trends in land CrRE.
An Analysis of the Relationship between IFAC Code of Ethics and CPI
Authors: Keskin Ayşe İrem , Yılmaz Işık Elçin
Published: November 2015

Abstract Code of ethics has become a significant concept as regards to the business world. That is why occupational organizations have developed their own codes of ethics over time. In this study, primarily the compatibility classification of the accounting code of ethics belonging to the IFAC (The International Federation of Accountants) is carried out on the basis of the action plans assessing the levels of usage by the 175 IFAC national accounting organizations. It is determined as a result of the classification that 60,6% of the member organizations are applying the IFAC code in general, the rest 39,4% on the other hand, is not applying the code at all. With this classification, the hypothesis propounding that “The national accounting organizations in highly corrupt countries would be less likely to adopt the IFAC ethic code than those in very clean countries,” is tested using the “Corruption Perception Index-CPI” data. It is determined that the findings support this relevant hypothesis.
Out of the Pickle: Promoting Food Science and STEM in Public Libraries
Authors: States Dawn
Published: November 2015

This article explores the popularity of the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) movement and provides related statistical information as well as a projection of the future importance and impact of STEM. This article summarizes the significance and need for STEM both locally and nationally, focusing food science in public libraries to increase and maintain interest among secondary school students. This article furnishes an overview of how a food science program was implemented at Martin Library and how this same programming is scalable for any size library. In addition, this article provides an overview of how libraries across the nation and Martin library are providing vital STEM programs to communities.
Linking transformational leadership and organizational trust: has organizational commitment a mediating effect on it?
Authors:   Applied Management Research Unit (UNIAG), Portuguese Northern Polytechnic Association, Martins Marques De Lima Rua Orlando Manuel ,   Center for Studies in Business and Legal Sciences (CECEJ), School of Accounting and Administration of Porto (ISCAP), Polytechnic of Porto (IPP), Rua Jaime Lopes Amorim, s/n, 4465-004 S. Mamede de Infesta (Portugal). orua@iscap.ipp.pt, Costa Araújo João Manuel ,   Faculty of Letters (FL), University of Porto (UP), Via Panorâmica, s/n, 4150-564 Porto (Portugal). joao.c.araujo@gmail.com
Published: November 2015

The main goal of this study is to analyze how organizational commitment has a mediating effect on the relation between transformational leadership and organizational trust. Therefore we developed an organization analysis based on a survey that was used to collect primary data from a sample of 58 employees. We obtained a 71% response rate and these data were analyzed using quantitative methodological techniques and linear regression. The research was conducted at the Serralves Foundation (Porto, Portugal) to empirically test the proposed research model and its hypotheses. The empirical results confirm that transformational leadership positively enhances organizational trust. However, transformational leadership and organizational trust are not significantly influenced by organizational commitment, thus not having a mediating effect on this relationship. Such results assume particular relevance because they become a basis for comparative studies in similar organizations. This study brings some theoretical contributions to the literature by analyzing the mediating effect of organizational commitment on the relation between transformational leadership and organizational trust in cultural organizations and has also some practical management implications, as it draws attention to the importance of a set of practices, job satisfaction oriented, which can effectively lead to organizational commitment intervention in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational trust.
The Use of the Effective Vocabulary, Grammar and Function of English by the Biology Teachers
Authors: Herminingsih, Dwi Ima
Published: November 2015

This research investigated vocabulary, grammar and function of English which could work well as a means of conducting: 1) the application of instruction (students’ physical behaviors, giving orders or tasks), 2) the science instruction (imparting theories, the concepts, facts and information) and 3) vocabulary instruction (helping the students understand vocabulary). The research found three kinds of word used by the teachers namely: 1) High Frequency General Words, 2) Non Specialized Academic Words and 3) the Specialized Content Area Words. The category 1) were used for social function to build interpersonal communications, direct the students’ physical behaviors and give the orders or the tasks. The category (2) and (3) were used in the area of academic function specifically to conduct the science instruction (explanations, descriptions, comparisons, assessments, clarifications, paraphrasing, directing instructions, and behaviors). Four sentence patterns (declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory) were used for the application of instruction such as greetings, leave-takings, appreciating the students’ works, directing the students’ behaviors and the students to do the tasks. In the context of science instruction, the declaratives were used for explanations, descriptions, comparisons, clarifications and paraphrasing. Assessing the students’ knowledge and doing the clarifications used interrogative sentences. The imperative sentences were used for directing the instructions and the students’ behaviors. The exclamatory sentences were used to express the teachers’ excitements, admirations or angers. The Noun-Phrase patterns with past-tense and non-past tense and its transformational forms were employed.
Desarrollo y transferencia
Authors: Urbina Alberto
Published: November 2015

Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 3-10
Desarrollo y transferencia tecnológica
Authors: Sorto Gabriel , Núñez Solórzano Rafael
Published: November 2015

Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 13-20
Factores de riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso en la población hondureña
Authors: Vanegas Milena , Urbina Ingrid
Published: November 2015

Las mutaciones factor V Leiden y protrombina G20210A (FII), las deficiencias de la antitrombina, proteínas C y S y el incremento de procoagulantes como el fibrinógeno constituyen factores de riesgo relacionados con el tromboembolismo venoso, una entidad clínica de alta incidencia y morbilidad en el mundo entero. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de estos factores de riesgo asociados con trombofilia en una muestra de población saludable de Honduras. Se procesaron 93 muestras de participantes de ambos sexos entre las edades de 17 a 70 años, sin antecedentes de eventos trombóticos ni padecimientos agudos o crónicos como diabetes, lupus eritematoso sistémico, cáncer, trastornos mieloproliferativos, patologías hepáticas o renales.El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social y la información de cada participante se obtuvo a través de un consentimiento informado. Las proteínas de la coagulación se determinaron por métodos estándar basados en coágulo y turbidimétrico (stago human) y los polimorfismos alélicos de factor V Leiden y protrombina G20201A se determinaron por método de reacción de polimerasa en cadena (PCR) en tiempo real (LightCycler 2.0, Roche).Los resultados del estudio revelan niveles moderadamente disminuidos de la actividad de antitrombina, proteína C y S en un 6.4, 10.7 y 11.8 % de la muestra, respectivamente. En general, las frecuencias encontradas son más altas que las reportadas en la población general en la literatura científica, la cual no es mayor a 2%.Un 5.4 % de la muestra reveló niveles levemente aumentados de fibrinógeno. En relación a los polimorfismos genéticos, la frecuencia de la mutación de la protrombina G20210A fue de 2.15 % en forma heterocigota, similar a la reportada en el resto del mundo, y no se detectó ningún caso de factor V Leiden, pese a ser el factor genético más frecuentemente encontrado en caucásicos europeos y estadounidenses (5-15 %) y en varios países de Latinoamérica (1.6 % a 5,1 %).No se observó más de una alteración de los factores de riesgo en los participantes. Los resultados del estudio, aunque no generalizables por el tamaño de la muestra, revelan alteraciones de la hemostasia en la población estudiada. La evaluación del perfil trombofílico en el laboratorio de coagulación y hemostasia sería valioso en la prevención del tromboembolismo venoso en pacientes seleccionados expuestos a situaciones de riesgo, por lo que sería importante desarrollar en el país estos estudios. Por primera vez se describe la mutación de la protrombina G20210A en la población hondureña.Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 25-35
Comparación de tres salinidades para evaluar el crecimiento poblacional de la microalga Chaetoceros muelleri
Authors: Carranza Espinal Edgar Oriris , Gómez Portillo Ricardo , Antonio Martínez Marvin
Published: November 2015

En la región sur de Honduras existen ocho laboratorios que producen 6,400 millones de poslarva de camarón por año, para lo cual usan microalgas como alimento vivo en su crianza. Por el potencial de crecimiento y valor nutricional, la especie de preferencia es la Chaetocera muelleri.Sin embargo, los laboratorios manejan sus propios protocolos de cultivo masivo de microalgas adaptados de otros países y desconocen el efecto de la salinidad para optimizar el crecimiento de la Chaetoceros muelleri. En tal sentido, el objetivo del estudio fue comparar tres concentraciones de sal para conocer el efecto de la salinidad sobre el crecimiento de la microalga y encontrar un modelo estadístico que ayude a predecir poblaciones de microalgas.El estudio se realizó en un laboratorio de producción de poslarva de camarón en la comunidad de Cedeño, Choluteca. Se usaron tres concentraciones de salinidad (7000, 20000 y 34000 ppm) como medio de cultivo a una densidad de 470000 cel/cm3 de inóculo y cosechando al cuarto día después de la siembra, se analizaron 108 unidades experimentales.El mayor crecimiento de las microalgas se desarrolla a 20000 ppm de sal a la densidad promedio de 3.85x106 cel/cm3. A la salinidad de 7000 ppm, el crecimiento de las microalgas fue el menor. Es posible predecir poblaciones de microalgas usando un modelo de relación confiable (R2=0.91), contribuyendo a optimizar los procesos de operación para los productores de poslarva de camarón.Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 36-49
La expansión de la cría de camarón en las costas del golfo de Fonseca, Centroamérica, 1985-2011
Authors: Corrales Andino Rafael Enrique , Pérez Gómez Manuel , Corbelle Rico Eduardo , Cordero Souto Miguel
Published: November 2015

En las últimas décadas, las instalaciones de camaricultura se han convertido en una de las actividades con mayor importancia económica en la costa sur de Honduras. Por la naturaleza de esta actividad y por su ubicación en el golfo de Fonseca, fue declarada área sitio Ramsar desde 1999; además de categorías de áreas protegidas, por el SINAPH, existe preocupación por su influencia en la disminución y degradación del ecosistema manglar, de alto valor ecológico. En este contexto, el principal objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un seguimiento de la superficie ocupada por la camaricultura y ecosistema manglar en el golfo de Fonseca, entre los años 1985 y 2011. Asimismo, se prestó atención a posibles transvases (directos o indirectos), que se habrían producido entre estas dos clases de cubiertas de suelo a lo largo del período estudiado. Para todo esto se emplearon imágenes satelitales (LandSat 5) del periodo comprendido entre 1985 y 2011. Los resultados del análisis indican que el avance de la actividad camaronera (de 2,140 ha en 1985 a 41,434 ha en 2011) ha ocurrido al mismo tiempo que una disminución importante del área de manglar y otros humedales costeros (de 107,167 ha a 78.509 ha en el mismo período). Los cambios o transiciones ocurridas entre cubiertas sugieren que la camaricultura ha ocupado alrededor del 14 % de la superficie del manglar existente al inicio del período. Esta expansión supuso solo cerca de un 39 % de la superficie ocupada por esta actividad, ya que esta habría ocupado preferentemente otros tipos de cubiertas naturales previas.Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 50-62
Análisis de riesgos climáticos sobre los componentes, recursos y medios de vida de los sistemas alimentarios del departamento de Copán en el año 2014
Authors: López Guevara Juan Manuel
Published: November 2015

El estudio analiza los riesgos de los sistemas alimentarios en dos comunidades del departamento de Copán ante los efectos de las amenazas climáticas, mediante la estimación de la peligrosidad de las amenazas identificadas en la zona y del grado de sensibilidad, exposición y capacidad de adaptación ante los impactos climáticos de las amenazas identificadas. La estrategia de diseño de la investigación es un estudio de caso instrumental con unidades incrustadas. La muestra es no probabilística y sigue una estrategia de selección deliberada e intencional de informantes, aplicando la entrevista semiestructurada y los grupos focales como técnicas de recolección de la información. La investigación analiza la peligrosidad de las amenazas climáticas y cómo estas inciden sobre los medios de vida y los recursos de los sistemas alimentarios; asimismo, la sensibilidad de los sistemas alimentarios con respecto a los componentes de la seguridad alimentaria y la exposición de los recursos, servicios, organizaciones y políticas de apoyo de los sistemas alimentarios ante las amenazas climáticas; y la capacidad de adaptación con respecto al acceso, flexibilidad y estabilidad de los recursos y medios de vida. La vulnerabilidad, se determinó como una función de la sensibilidad, exposición y capacidad de adaptación. Por último, se determinó el riesgo de los sistemas alimentarios de las comunidades ante las amenazas climáticas, como una función de las amenazas y la vulnerabilidad.Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 65-81
Aplicación de la técnica de componentes principales para el análisis de la pobreza en Honduras
Authors: Macías Ruano Mirta
Published: November 2015

El objetivo planteado en la presente investigación fue identificar los principales factores relacionados con la pobreza a partir de la aplicación del análisis de componentes principales (ACP), esta técnica de análisis exploratorio permite descubrir interrelaciones entre las variables y de acuerdo con los resultados, proponer los análisis estadísticos más apropiados. Adicionalmente, dicha técnica permite la reducción de un número considerable de variables en unos cuantos componentes que sintetizan las relaciones y variaciones del fenómeno analizado. La metodología utilizada se caracteriza por ser cuantitativa, utilizando la información procedente de la encuesta permanente de hogares de propósito múltiple para los años 2001, 2005 y 2010, correspondientes al mes de septiembre, siendo el alcance correlacional con diseño transeccional no experimental. Los resultados obtenidos a partir del ACP indican que la pobreza en Honduras no está caracterizada únicamente por factores de tipo económico, sino que cobran relevancia otros relacionados con la formación de capital humano, las características demográficas, el mercado de trabajo y las condiciones de habitabilidad de los hogares.Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 82-96
Línea base de I+D+i en la Facultad de Ingeniería y la Escuela de Microbiología en el periodo 2008-2012
Authors: Molina Óscar , Urbina Alberto
Published: November 2015

Los nuevos cambios que se están produciendo en la economía mundial están llevando a considerar al conocimiento como el elemento básico para generar valor y competitividad. En la nueva dinámica de la sociedad del conocimiento, las instituciones cada vez más se encuentran interesadas en definir, valorar, controlar y gestionar el capital intelectual como elemento fundamental para la competitividad dentro del actual contexto socioeconómico.Indudablemente, crear conocimiento será la clave para sostener la ventaja competitiva de cualquier institución en el futuro, ya sea de producción de bienes o prestación de servicios. A partir de estas nuevas teorías, fundamentadas en la sociedad del conocimiento, es que en los últimos años se han generado muchos trabajos teóricos sobre la importancia del capital Intelectual.El modelo del capital intelectual desarrollado a partir de indicadores, es muy útil en las instituciones de educación superior (IES), ya que es una herramienta de apoyo que permite determinar y establecer una mejor valoración de las capacidades que agregan valor a la institución a partir de los activos intangibles que se generan producto de las actividades de I+D+i (investigación científica, desarrollo tecnológico e innovación).El modelo del capital intelectual para las universidades establece tres factores claves para su comprensión: a) capital humano, b) capital estructural y c) capital relacional. A partir de estos factores, la investigación propone construir una línea base que hace posible mostrar la realidad de la I+D+i en la Facultad de Ingeniería y la Escuela de Microbiología como población meta. La Escuela de Microbiología se incorpora como la población modelo. La línea base tiene corte transversal y abarca el periodo 2008-2012.A partir de la investigación se demostró que la mayor productividad, en términos de proyectos de investigación científica realizados en el periodo 2008-2012, corresponde a la Escuela de Microbiología con cuarenta y ocho (48) proyectos; con un promedio anual de 9.6 proyectos. Las carreras de la Facultad de Ingeniería, en comparación a la Escuela de Microbiología, tienen una baja producción científica. Ingeniería Industrial con diecinueve (19) proyectos de investigación y la Carrera de Ingeniería Civil con diecisiete (17), son las que más predominaron en la ejecución de proyectos. Ingeniería Química fue la carrera con menor participación, ejecutando un (1) proyecto de investigación.Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 97-112
Estado actual de la enseñanza de la filosofía en el nivel educativo medio de Honduras
Authors: Moreno Ángelo , Reyes Flores Luis Gerardo
Published: November 2015

Esta investigación pretende proporcionar un diagnóstico que permita identificar las dificultades propias de la enseñanza de la filosofía en educación media y delinear algunas posibles soluciones. El estudio se realizó tomando una muestra de estudiantes de 17 instituciones del nivel medio de las cuatro principales ciudades de Honduras y una muestra de sus respectivos docentes. El instrumento englobaba variables como: aspectos relativos a las estrategias didácticas, recursos didácticos, contenidos educativos, rol docente, planeación y evaluación del espacio curricular.El estudio revela conclusiones que advierten sobre diversos problemas que afronta la enseñanza de la filosofía a nivel de programas, de enfoques pedagógicos y de formación docente, entre otros.Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 115-129
Marcas olfativas: ¿un derecho evolutivo o restrictivo? Perspectiva del derecho comparado (Honduras-Colombia)
Authors: Ávila Vallecillo José Alexander
Published: November 2015

El artículo describe, analiza y sintetiza los escritos vinculados al tema de marcas olfativas desde una perspectiva nacional e internacional, tomando como referente jurídico las normas, doctrina y jurisprudencia que rigen a estos signos distintivos, dilucidando a su vez la problemática que enfrentan al solicitar su inscripción ante las oficinas registrales correspondientes. En cuanto a su reconocimiento jurídico, la doctrina internacional se encuentra totalmente dividida, algunos autores consideran que las marcas olfativas deberían ser reconocidas y protegidas como tal, otros se resisten a concebir tal idea. De igual forma, los requerimientos jurídicos que restringen la inscripción de marcas no visibles alrededor del mundo gira en torno a tres requerimientos básicos: distintividad, perceptibilidad y representación gráfica. En ese orden de ideas y con relación a la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Libre Comercio suscrito entre la República Dominicana, Centroamérica y los Estados Unidos (DR-CAFTA), Honduras incorporó a su compendio jurídico la inscripción de signos olfativos a su legislación, por tanto, resulta necesario conocer los requerimientos y razonamientos jurídicos con los cuales la Dirección General de Propiedad Intelectual (DIGEPIH) y la Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio de Colombia se encuentran atendiendo dicha problemática. De hecho, ambas entidades gubernamentales podrían estar amparando sus pronunciamientos denegatorios bajo el umbral de los requisitos básicos inherentes a toda marca y que se evidencian en la sentencia Sieckman, pese al expreso reconocimiento de los olores como signos distintivos a lo interno de sus compendios jurídicos. En síntesis, la investigación pretende establecer un análisis comparado entre Colombia y Honduras con relación a dichas marcas, tomando como referentes jurídicos la ley, la doctrina y jurisprudencia internacional.Revista Ciencia y Tecnologia No. 16, Junio 2015: 133-149
A first course in computer science
Authors: Smolarski Dennis C.
Published: November 2015

The College Board Advanced Placement exam in computer science will use the language Java starting in fall 2003. The language chosen for this exam is based on the language commonly taught in introductory computer science courses at the university level. This article reviews the purpose of an introductory course and the various suggestions for the curriculum of introductory courses published by the Association for Computing Machinery. It then proposes that such a course stress foundational concepts over specific language syntax, and then provides a list of such foundational concepts and related topics. Based on this fundamental curriculum, the article recommends C++ as the most appropriate language. An appendix provides a sample syllabus.
Mathematical gems of Debrecen old mathematical textbooks from the 16-18th centuries
Authors: Kántor-Varga Tünde
Published: November 2015

In the Great Library of the Debrecen Reformed College (Hungary) we find a lot of old mathematical textbooks. We present: Arithmetic of Debrecen (1577), Maróthi's Arithmetic (1743), Hatvani's introductio (1757), Karacs's Figurae Geometricae (1788), Segner's Anfangsgründe (1764) and Mayer's Mathematischer Atlas (1745). These old mathematical textbooks let us know facts about real life of the 16-18th centuries, the contemporary level of sciences, learning and teaching methods. They are rich sources of motivation in the teaching of mathematics.
Predicting Crises in Turkey Using an Exchange Market Pressure Model and Four-Way Decomposition Analysis of Gross Capital Flows
Authors: Goksu Gokhan , Kadioglu Eyup , Kucukkocaoglu Guray
Published: November 2015

This study examines quarterly macroeconomic data in an attempt to reveal crises experienced in Turkey from 1998 to 2013 using an exchange market pressure model and analyze gross capital flows using a four-way decomposition analysis during. The results indicate that the exchange market pressure model successfully predicts the economic crisis following the 1998 Marmara earthquake, the February 2001 crisis and the effects of the 2008 global financial crisis in Turkey. The four-way decomposition is found to be more effective than the standard two-part differential analysis in explaining the relationship between crises and the inflow and outflow of domestic and foreign capital.
Systematic Review of Telemonitoring in COPD: An Update
Authors: Pedone Claudio , Lelli Diana
Published: November 2015

Telemedicine may support individual care plans in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), potentially improving the clinical outcomes. To-date there is no clear evidence of benefit of telemedicine in this patients. The aim of this study is to provide an update on the effectiveness of telemedicine in reducing adverse clinical outcomes. We searched the Pubmed database for articles published between January 2005 and December 2014. We included only randomized controlled trials exclusively focused on patients with COPD and with a telemedicine intervention arm. Evaluated outcomes were number of exacerbations, ER visits, COPD hospitalizations, length of stay and death. We eventually included 12 randomized controlled trials. Most of them had a small sample size and was of poor quality, with a wide heterogeneity in the parameters and technologies used. Most studies reported a positive effect of telemonitoring on hospitalization for any cause, with risk reductions between 10% and 63%; however only three studies reached statistical significance. The same trend was observed for COPD-related hospital admission and ER visits. No significative effects of telemedicine was evidenced in reducing length of hospital stay, improving quality of life and reducing deaths. In conclusion, our study confirms that the available evidence on the effectiveness of telemedicine in COPD does not allow to draw definite conclusions; most evidence suggests a positive effect of telemonitoring on hospital admissions and ER visits. More trials with adequate sample size and with adequate consideration of background clinical services are needed to definitively establish its effectiveness.
China's CCUS Progresses and a New Evaluation Method of CO2 Storage Capacity in Coalbed Reservoirs
Authors: Jiang Kai , Dou Hong'en , Shen Pingping , Sun Tao
Published: November 2015

Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is playing a significant role in dealing with the global climate change, such as CO2 Injects into coal bed reservoirs, it is proved that CCUS technology not only definitely reduce CO2 emissions, but also enhance coal bed methane (ECBM).Coalbed methane resources are very rich in China, its resources ranks the third in the world. The coal structure of coalbed methane reservoirs are very complicated, experimental results show that methane content is not the same between low coal rank and high coal rank, therefore, desorption and absorption laws of CO2 for two different coal ranks are obviously different. This study point out weaknesses of evaluation methods both at home and abroad, show clearly what problems existing in the previous evaluation results based on the actual production situations of China's coal bed methane. The new modified method has been used to estimate on operable capacity, practical capacity, effective capacity as well as theoretical capacity in coalbed basin of the whole China. The research takes fully into account the influence of various factors including proved ratio, replacement ratio of CO2 to CH4, recovery ratio, ash content and moisture, completion factor, efficient pores volume, gas saturation, etc. While estimating CO2 storage capacity, the proved ratio is deemed to a key factor influencing estimates. The authors think that not all the coal bed methane reservoirs can be used for CO2 storage and ECBM. According to actual situation of engineering practice, this paper forecasts the future of coalbed methane recovery, and then it is the first time to put forward that the depth limitation of the coal bed methane reservoirs. At present, CO2 store depth of 300m to 1000m is unreasonable because of the coal resources will be used by underground coal gasification technology. The new methods give full consideration to the reasonable depth of CBM reservoir. Experimental results show that CO2 / CH4 adsorption ratio is different along with the depth of reservoirs. CO2 storage capacities of China coalbed basins are calculated by using the method, the results exhibit CO2 accumulated operable capacity and practical capacity.