bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Non-Performativity of Implicit Bias Training
Authors: Jackson Jessi Lee
Published: October 2018

Implicit bias training is an increasingly common educational intervention in institutions throughout the U.S. I explore the potential of implicit bias training to challenge violent police racism through participant observation in a training for police officers. I pay special attention to what is missing: the voices of those targeted by racist policing, and what is treated as equivalent: white male experience and the figure of the human. Implicit bias trainings risk promoting more adaptive racism in policing through the coaching of participants into the performance of colorblind racism. The training functions as what Sara Ahmed has identified as “the non-performativity of anti-racism”—ostensibly anti-racist (non)practices that maintain contemporary racist realities.
Awake, A Dream From Standing Rock
Authors: Cardwell Erica
Published: October 2018

This is a review of the film - Awake, A Dream From Standing Rock.
La interpretación de las normas jurídicas como problema constitucional
Authors: Rodríguez-Puerto Manuel Jesús
Published: October 2018

La interpretación de reglas jurídicas es un asunto relevante para el derecho constitucional; este sector del ordenamiento jurídico regula la producción y la validez del sistema jurídico en su conjunto. La relevancia de una norma depende de su significado y esta es una cuestión de interpretación. La intención de este artículo es clarificar, desde el punto de vista de la Constitución española, cuál es la metodología jurídica más adecuada a las exigencias del constitucionalismo. La propuesta contenida en estas páginas es la defensa de una “hermenéutica sensata” que respete tanto el texto legal como la necesidad de encontrar argumentos que ofrezcan una solución razonable para los problemas interpretativos. Esta hermenéutica, y sus argumentos y criterios, están enraizados en la tradición de la ciencia jurídica desde la época medieval.
The Influence of Psychological Capital and Organizational Change to Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as Moderating Variable
Authors: Priyono Bambang Suko , Sutomo Yohanes , Rijanti Tristiana , Farokhi Ahmad Heru , Kuncoro Amin
Published: October 2018

This study is aimed to analyze and describe the influence of psychological capital and organizational change to employee performance with organizational commitment conducted on Credit Center of a Banking Company in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The population in this study is 275 employees. The sample 163 respondents is taken by using proportional stratified sampling technique with criteria permanent employees and having been working for at least 5 years. The result of hierarchical regression analysis shows that (1) psychological capital influences employee performance, (2) organizational change influences employee performance, (3) organizational commitment is moderating variable for the influence of psychological capital to employee performance, and (4) organizational commitment is moderating variable for the influence of organizational change to employee performance.
A LÍNGUA QUE ACOLHE PODE SILENCIAR? REFLEXÕES SOBRE O CONCEITO DE “PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA DE ACOLHIMENTO”
Authors: Franck Mendonça de Anunciação Renata
Published: October 2018

Considerando a relação intrínseca entre poder, língua(gem) e identidade, o objetivo deste artigo é focalizar o conceito língua de acolhimento (ANÇÃ, 2008; CABETE, 2010; GROSSO, 2010), discutindo quais políticas e práticas de ensino podem estar a ele vinculadas, levando em conta os posicionamentos teórico-ideológicos subjacentes. A partir da análise do programa Portugal Acolhe – Português para Todos, realizada por Cabete (2010), e de dados de interação em sala de aula do projeto de extensão Português Brasileiro para Migração Humanitária, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, apresento uma discussão sobre como algumas políticas linguísticas para migração e refúgio pautadas em ideologias homogeneizantes podem reforçar práticas assimilacionistas e de silenciamento de agências, apesar de serem justificadas por pressupostos liberais de inclusão e de igualdade.
Educação intercultural e ensino de português para indígenas
Authors: Abram dos Santos Lilian
Published: October 2018

Este artigo tem o propósito de promover uma reflexão sobre o ensino de português realizado dentro de uma proposta de educação intercultural, em contexto indígena. Serão abordados contextos sociolinguísticos específicos em que o português foi ensinado como segunda língua de estudantes pertencentes a diferentes povos. Embora as situações sejam diferentes devido à diversidade cultural dos estudantes, a orientação adotada para conduzir as aulas foi a perspectiva da interculturalidade crítica, que entende o conflito e a assimetria como constitutivos do contato entre culturas, devendo, portanto, ser abordados e debatidos na educação intercultural. Procuro demonstrar que é possível ter, como um dos objetivos do ensino de português em contextos complexos, e, especificamente, no indígena, a formação linguística dos estudantes a partir dos princípios de respeito ao português indígena e da problematização dos conflitos sociolinguísticos, tendo como objetivo uma educação intercultural e para a interculturalidade. As práticas aqui focalizadas ocorrem de acordo com os princípios da legislação brasileira para a educação escolar indígena que vigora no Brasil desde a Constituição Federal de 1988. Tais princípios estabelecem o direito a uma educação bilíngue e intercultural a todos os povos indígenas brasileiros, bem como o respeito a suas especificidades e diferenças. Abordarei primeiramente as características sociolinguísticas de cada contexto de ensino; a seguir, discutirei algumas possíveis interpretações do português indígena e, por fim, discutirei alguns exercícios para a educação intercultural nas aulas de português.  Espero, com esta análise, poder somar e dar continuidade ao debate sobre o ensino de português, de uma perspectiva crítica e culturalmente sensível, em contextos pouco (re)conhecidos, como é o caso dos povos indígenas.
O X DA QUESTÃO NO APRENDIZADO DA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Fonseca Cavalcante Priscilla
Published: October 2018

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DE UMA ILHA DISTANTE AO CORAÇÃO DA AMAZÔNIA: CAMINHOS DE UM CUBANO ATRAVESSADOS PELO PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Sterling Herling Hernández
Published: October 2018

Relato de experiência da relação de um médico cubano com o português
The Relationship Between Anaerobic Performance and Lower Extremity Volume and Mass in Female Athletes in Individual Sports and Team Sports
Authors: Var Sevde Mavi , Marangoz Irfan
Published: October 2018

This study aims to analyze the relationship between anaerobic performance and leg and foot volume and mass in female athletes in individual sports and team sports. 90 female athletes who have been active in sports for at least three years voluntarily participated in the study. The average age of participants is 21. Frustum and Hanavan methods were used to calculate leg volume and mass, respectively. 20-meter sprint test and vertical jump test were carried out in order to determine anaerobic performance. SPSS 22.0 package program for Windows was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of the obtained data. In this study it was demonstrated that leg volume and mass of female athletes varied in each sport and that right and left leg volume and mass of these athletes were fairly close.  Leg volume and mass were higher in team sports athletes than individual sports athletes. In addition, vertical jump performance was better in individual sports athletes. Therewithal it was found very highly negative significant correlation between vertical jump and 20-meter speed values in individual and team sports. As a result it was found that leg volume and mass were higher in team sports athletes than individual sports athletes. Besides when the relationship between leg volume and mass and anaerobic performance is analyzed, a very high positive significance was found between 20 meter speed and right leg mass in boxers. In this way the development of both leg volumes and mass is therefore important for a better anaerobic performance for athletes.
Ocena jakości życia przed i po septorynoplastyce metodą otwartą przy użyciu ankiety WHOQOL-BREF
Authors: Rot Piotr , Skrzypiec Łukasz , Jadczak Marcin , Jurkiewicz Dariusz
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of rhinoplasty on the quality of different aspects of life. The study group included 79 patients with congenital or posttraumatic nasal deformities (38 males, 41 females) aged from 17 to 49 years (mean age 20 years) with open technique septorhinoplasty.
Materials and Methods: The quality of life was assessed before and 3 months after surgery, with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Furthermore, other patient data including demographic data, other surgeries and comorbidities were also registered. Completion of 71 preoperative and 70 postoperative questionnaires was accomplished. The results showed statistically significant differences within the quality of life in all domains.
Discussion and conclusion: Based on the conducted studies and after analysis of available literature, it may be concluded that functional and plastic surgeries including septorhinoplasty have an influence on the quality of life.To control post-operative results, tools evaluating this aspect should be used.
Epidemiology of infections caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae in patients with chronic cough
Authors: Choroszy-Król Irena , Jama-Kmiecik Agnieszka , Sarowska Jolanta , Teryks-Wołyniec Dorota , Frej-Mądrzak Magdalena
Published: October 2018

Background: Chlamydophila pneumoniae is an important etiological agent in respiratory system infections. The aim of study was to analyze the rate of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in adults and children and also to determine a correlation between the presence of this pathogen and symptoms of chronic cough.
Material/Methods: The material for the study included swabs from the posterior pharyngeal wall taken on an empty stomach without cleaning the mouth. The diagnostic method was indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT), which uses two types of antibodies: monoclonal mouse antibodies, which link specifically with the antigen that is present in the tested material and goat anti-mouse antibodies linked to fluorescein isothiocyanate, providing the colour reaction with C. pneumoniae antigen.
Results: In our research, 593 patients, including 319 women, 175 men, aged from 18 to 87 years and a group of 99 children aged from 2 to 17 years with symptoms of chronic cough n=432 and other respiratory manifestations n=161 were studied. In the group of studied women with cough, 28.2% (64/227) of results were positive. In the group of men with cough, 22.3% (27/121) of results were positive. In the group of children with a cough, 28.6% (24/84) of the results were positive.
Conclusions: In the examined group of children and adults with a chronic cough, the C. pneumoniae antigen was detected. The frequency of detection of C. pneumoniae antigen differed depending on the age group of both children and adults with symptoms of chronic cough.
DINF: Uma Plataforma Online para Termos da área de Informática em Libras
Authors: Lima Geycy , Araújo Rafael
Published: October 2018

O ensino inclusivo tem sido discutido com frequência para se criar ferramentas de apoio por meio da inovação tecnológica e educacional. Especialmente em áreas com muitos termos em língua estrangeira, a tradução literal das palavras pode levar a interpretações errôneas. Assim, esse trabalho objetiva desenvolver uma plataforma Web colaborativa para a apresentação de um dicionário contextualizado para o ensino de termos relacionados com a área de informática na Língua Brasileira de Sinais. Diversas palavras já foram mapeadas e vídeos editados com sua tradução foram disponibilizados em um domínio institucional vinculado a uma instituição federal de ensino, que possui uma grande quantidade de estudantes surdos.
O desenvolvimento musical de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo em Musicoterapia: revisão de literatura e relato de caso
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Freire Marina Horta , Martelli Jéssica , Estanislau Gabriel , Parizzi Maria Betânia
Published: October 2018

O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) é um distúrbio que afeta o desenvolvimento desde a primeira infância. Estudos sobre música e cérebro enfatizam a importância da música para o desenvolvimento humano e ressaltam o papel da música para pessoas com TEA. Devido às importantes relações da música com o desenvolvimento e com o TEA, a Musicoterapia é uma possibilidade terapêutica ascendente para pessoas com esse diagnóstico, como forma de propiciar melhoras na comunicação e na socialização. O presente trabalho visa compreender o desenvolvimento cognitivo-musical de crianças com TEA por meio de uma revisão de literatura sobre o desenvolvimento musical de pessoas com TEA em intervenções musicoterapêuticas e de um relato de caso de uma criança com TEA em sessões de Musicoterapia Improvisacional Musicocentrada. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de mais estudos sobre o tema e para a importância do desenvolvimento musical no tratamento musicoterapêutico da criança com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo.
Pedro Nolasco Baptista: traços biográficos e atividades musicais em Pernambuco (1832-1865)
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Amorim Humberto
Published: October 2018

O artigo objetiva resgatar a trajetória e as atividades musicais de um personagem que atuou em Pernambuco entre as décadas de 1830 e 1860: Pedro Nolasco Baptista (? – 1865). Músico de múltipla atuação, Nolasco teve passagens pela corte do Rio de Janeiro e a província do Ceará, mas foi em sua cidade natal, Recife, que alcançou um prestígio e reconhecimento singulares, trabalhando como intérprete (instrumentos de sopro e violão), compositor, professor e maestro, inclusive de orquestras e bandas militares. O método consistiu em uma pesquisa documental (levantamento, catalogação e análise crítica) que suscitou mais de 60 inéditas entradas em periódicos brasileiros oitocentistas. Os resultados apontam para a significativa inserção do artista no cenário musical pernambucano de seu tempo.
Transcriptional upregulation of c‐MYC by AXL confers epirubicin resistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hong Jun , Maacha Selma , Belkhiri Abbes
Published: October 2018

AXL receptor tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and several other types of malignancies; hence, it may be a valuable therapeutic target. Herein, we investigated the role of AXL in regulating c‐MYC expression and resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent epirubicin in EAC. Using in vitro EAC cell models, we found that AXL overexpression enhances epirubicin resistance in sensitive cells. Conversely, genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of AXL sensitizes resistant cells to epirubicin. Notably, we showed that inhibition or knockdown of c‐MYC markedly sensitizes AXL‐dependent resistant cells to epirubicin, and our data demonstrated that AXL promotes epirubicin resistance through transcriptional upregulation of c‐MYC. We showed that AXL overexpression significantly increased transcriptional activity, mRNA, and protein levels of c‐MYC. Conversely, AXL knockdown reversed these effects. Mechanistic investigations indicated that AXL upregulates c‐MYC expression through activation of the AKT/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Data from a tumor xenograft mouse model indicated that inhibition of AXL with R428 in combination with epirubicin synergistically suppresses tumor growth and proliferation. Our results demonstrate that AXL promotes epirubicin resistance through transcriptional upregulation of c‐MYC in EAC. Our findings support future clinical trials to assess the therapeutic potential of R428 in epirubicin‐resistant tumors with overexpression of AXL and activation of c‐MYC.
Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Pathogenic Vibrio in Fish
Authors: Burbick Claire R. , Nydam Seth D. , Hendrix G. Kenitra , Besser Thomas E. , Diaz Dubraska , Snekvik Kevin
Published: October 2018

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a rapid, cost-effective method for identification of a broad range of bacterial taxa, but its accuracy for Vibrio spp. from samples of aquatic animal origin is unknown. We used DNA sequence analysis targeting two conserved genes, rpoB and rpoD, as the identification standard for 5 reference strains and 35 Vibrio spp. field isolates obtained from diagnostic aquaculture samples. Overall, MALDI-TOF MS correctly identified 100% of the five reference strains to the genus level and 80% (4 of 5) to the species level. For field isolates, 83% (29 of 35) were correctly identified to the genus level, and 49% (17 of 35) were correctly identified to the species level. Eight (23%) field isolates were incorrectly identified at the species level. The MALDI-TOF MS method produced no identification for 17% (6 of 35) of the field isolates. Using traditional culture identification, 100% of the five reference strains were correctly identified to the species level. All 35 field isolates were correctly identified to the genus level; 51% (18 of 35) of the isolates were identified correctly to the species level, while 29% (10 of 35) were misidentified at the species level. Overall, MALDI-TOF MS was comparable to phenotypic identification, and accuracy will likely improve with enhancement of MALDI-TOF MS database robustness.
Susceptibility of Nanophyetus salmincola Cercariae to Formalin, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Seawater
Authors: Hershberger P. K. , Besijn B. L. , MacKenzie A. H. , Wilmot M. L.
Published: October 2018

The ability of formalin, PEROX-AID (hydrogen peroxide), and seawater to kill waterborne Nanophyetus salmincola cercariae was evaluated in vitro. Newly emerged cercariae survived for extended periods in freshwater, with 53–73% survival occurring in negative control groups after 24 h. Exposure to dilutions of formalin reduced this survival time, with 0% of cercariae surviving after 30 min in 450 μL/L, 40 min in 225 μL/L, and 300 min in 113 μL/L. Exposure to PEROX-AID (hydrogen peroxide) for 1 h resulted in reduced cercarial survival (16.4%) only at the highest concentration (100 μL/L), compared with 100% survival in the untreated controls and all lesser concentrations. Exposure to dilutions of seawater resulted in reduced cercarial survival only at high salinities (15.2–30.3‰), where 10-min exposures resulted in 0–20% survival. These results provide insights into options for prophylactic water treatment at salmonid enhancement facilities that experience high mortalities due to infections with Nanophyetus salmincola. Further, the intolerance of live cercariae to high salinities indicates that exposure to fish occurs primarily in the freshwater portions of watersheds.
Specific Sports Habits, Leisure‐Time Physical Activity, and School‐Educational Physical Activity in Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Patterns and Barriers
Authors: Nørgaard Mette , Herlin Troels
Published: October 2018

Objective

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) may cause functional impairment and reduced time engaged in physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the habits of patients with JIA regarding participation in club sports, leisure‐time physical activity, and school‐educational physical activity and relate this to objectively measured physical activity using accelerometry and to compare the findings with those in healthy controls.

Methods

Consecutive patients from the Aarhus University Hospital outpatient clinic were included. Clinical characteristics, functional ability, and exploration of specific habits in club sports, leisure‐time physical activity, and school‐educational physical activity (based on a standardized questionnaire) in patients were recorded and compared with those in healthy controls. The intensity and frequency of physical activity were measured by accelerometer monitoring, using ActiGraph GT1M.

Results

Sixty‐eight patients with JIA and 118 healthy control subjects were included. Despite having low disease activity, children with JIA had significantly lower accelerometry‐monitored physical activity levels compared with healthy controls. The distribution of specific club sport activities was the same among patients and controls. However, the proportion of patients spending >3 hours/week participating in club sports was significantly lower than the proportion of controls, whereas no difference in time spent engaging in physical activity during leisure‐time was observed. Participation in compulsory school‐educational physical activity was equally high in patients and controls, although participation by patients was significantly less consistent than that by controls. Patient reports of time spent with club sport and leisure‐time physical activity was significantly related to accelerometry measures, whereas this was not observed for school‐educational physical activity.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate the need for structured guidance for all patients with JIA (including those with minimal disease activity) in both understanding and coping with the consequences of a low level of physical activity.
Psychometric Evaluation of the National Institutes of Health Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System in a Multiracial, Multiethnic Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cohort
Authors: Katz Patricia , Yazdany Jinoos , Trupin Laura , Rush Stephanie , Helmick Charles G. , Murphy Louise B. , Lanata Cristina , Criswell Lindsey A. , Dall'Era Maria
Published: October 2018

Objective

We examined psychometric performance of Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures in a racially/ethnically and linguistically diverse cohort with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

Data were from the California Lupus Epidemiology Study, a multiracial/multiethnic cohort of individuals with physician‐confirmed SLE. The majority (n = 332) attended in‐person research visits that included interviews conducted in English, Spanish, Cantonese, or Mandarin. Up to 12 PROMIS short forms were administered (depending on language availability). An additional 99 individuals completed the interview by phone only. Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach's alpha and item‐total correlations. Correlations with the Short Form 36 subscales and both self‐reported and physician‐assessed disease activity assessed convergent validity. All analyses were repeated within each racial/ethnic group. Differences in scores by race/ethnicity were examined in bivariate analyses and by multiple regression analyses controlling for age, sex, disease duration, and disease damage and activity.

Results

The total sample was 30.0% white, 22.3% Hispanic, 10.9% African American, 33.7% Asian, and 3.0% other race/ethnicity. Seventy‐seven percent of interviews were conducted in‐person. Non‐English interviews were conducted in 26.0% of the Hispanic subjects and 18.6% of the Asian subjects. Each scale demonstrated adequate reliability and validity overall and within racial/ethnic groups. Minimal floor effects were observed, but ceiling effects were noted. Missing item responses were minimal for most scales, except for items related to work. No differences were noted by mode of administration or by language of administration among Hispanics and Asians. After accounting for differences in disease status, age, and sex, few differences in mean scores between whites and other racial/ethnic groups were noted.

Conclusion

PROMIS measures appear reliable and valid in persons with lupus across racial/ethnic groups.
Tailored Surfaces on 2D Material: UFO‐Like Cyclodextrin‐Pd Nanosheet/Metal Organic Framework Janus Nanoparticles for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Li Shengnan , Chen Xiangjun , Wang Tingting , Li Lu , Su Zhongmin , Wang Chungang
Published: October 2018

The development of novel Janus nanostructure with desired compositions and functionalities is essential for various applications, especially as drug delivery system to deliver multiple payloads with total different solubility. Here, a unidentified flying object (UFO)‐like cyclodextrin–palladium nanosheet/zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 Janus nanoparticle (CD–PdNS/ZIF‐8 JNP) prepared via a selective coating of polyacrylic acid (PAA) on one of the flat surfaces of 2D PdNS followed by further formation of ZIF‐8 on a PAA template, and alternative modification of CDs on exposed PdNS surface is reported. The CD‐PdNS and PAA‐ZIF‐8 parts are designed to load hydrophobic10‐hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) and hydrophilic doxorubicin (Dox) independently for synergistic chemotherapy (combination index = 0.65). Because of the broad near‐infrared (NIR) absorption band of PdNSs, the photothermal effect of UFO‐like CD‐PdNS/ZIF‐8 JNPs in NIR‐II biowindow is studied. The in vitro and in vivo results show that the dual‐drug loaded JNPs under a laser‐irradiation group present highest cancer therapeutic efficiency. The good performance is due to the synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in NIR‐II biowindow. This work significantly broadens the application prospects of metal–metal organic framework JNPs by rationally designing their compositions and discovering related physiochemical properties.
High Energy Storage Efficiency Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Unidirectional Switches and Passive Power Management Circuits
Authors: Qin Huaifang , Cheng Gang , Zi Yunlong , Gu Guangqin , Zhang Bao , Shang Wanyu , Yang Feng , Yang Junjie , Du Zuliang , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: October 2018

The high‐voltage and low‐current output characteristics of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) make itself difficult for directly powering small electronic devices. A power management circuit (PMC) is indispensable to address the impedance mismatch issue. In this paper, a TENG with a unidirectional switch (TENG‐UDS) is developed, which can provide the maximized output energy regardless of the load resistance. A passive PMC with a simple structure and high energy storage efficiency is designed based on this TENG‐UDS, which is made up of all passive electronic components, including an inductor, a diode, and a capacitor. Theoretical calculations show that the theoretical energy storage efficiency of the passive PMC can reach 75.8%. In the actual experiment of charging a capacitor, the measured energy storage efficiency can reach 48.0%. It is demonstrated that the electronic watch and high‐brightness quantum dot light‐emitting diode can be driven by using the TENG‐UDS with the passive PMC, which cannot be achieved without the PMC. The passive PMC for TENG‐UDS has the advantages of simple structure, low energy consumption, and high energy storage efficiency, which provides a promising method for the power management and practical application of TENG.
Surface Modulation of Hierarchical MoS2 Nanosheets by Ni Single Atoms for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Yu Le , Chen Tao , Zhou Wei , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: October 2018

Surface modulation at the atomic level is an important approach for tuning surface chemistry and boosting the catalytic performance. Here, a surface modulation strategy is demonstrated through the decoration of isolated Ni atoms onto the basal plane of hierarchical MoS2 nanosheets supported on multichannel carbon nanofibers for boosted hydrogen evolution activity. X‐ray absorption fine structure investigation and density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveal that the MoS2 surface decorated with isolated Ni atoms displays highly strengthened H binding. Benefiting from the unique tubular structure and basal plane modulation, the newly developed MoS2 catalyst exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution activity and stability. This single‐atom modification strategy opens up new avenues for tuning the intrinsic catalytic activity toward electrocatalytic water splitting and other energy‐related processes.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkenylation of Azaarylmethylamines with Vinyl Halides
Authors: Duan Shengzu , Li Minyan , Ma Xueqiong , Chen Wen , Li Liang , Zhang Hongbin , Yang Xiaodong , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: October 2018

A general and versatile alkenylation protocol for the synthesis of vinyl‐azaarylmethylamines has been developed. Enabled by a palladium/NIXANTPHOS catalyst, this protocol provides efficient access to a large variety of N‐heterocycles bearing allylic amines in up to 98% yield. A wide variety of azaarylmethylamines bearing 2‐pyridylmethyl, 4‐pyridylmethyl, 2‐(aminomethyl)quinoline aryl motifs and diverse 5 to 7 membered cyclic amines were well tolerated. A gram scale reaction was also used to demonstrate the scalability. This method can be readily adopted by medicinal chemists to prepare valuable scaffolds that were previously difficult to access.

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C‐Glycosyl Styrene Type Compounds by Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Anhydro‐Aldose Tosylhydrazones with Benzyl Bromides
Authors: Kaszás Tímea , Tóth Marietta , Langer Peter , Somsák László
Published: October 2018

C‐Glycopyranosyl styrene type compounds are valuable synthetic intermediates whose syntheses are known in rather lengthy procedures. Herein palladium‐catalyzed cross‐couplings of O‐peracylated 2,6‐anhydro‐aldose tosylhydrazones with benzyl bromides were studied under thermic conditions in the presence of LiOtBu. The reactions gave the corresponding C‐glycopyranosyl styrenes in up to 59% yields. The transformations represent a new, short synthetic sequence to get this type of glycomimetic compounds in 4–5 steps from a free aldose.

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Understanding the Role of Lithium Doping in Reducing Nonradiative Loss in Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Fang Zhishan , He Haiping , Gan Lu , Li Jing , Ye Zhizhen
Published: October 2018

Adding alkali metal into lead halide perovskites has recently been demonstrated as an effective strategy for reducing nonradiative loss. However, the suggested role of the alkali metal is usually limited to surface passivation, and the semiconductor doping effect is rarely discussed. Here, the mechanism of lithium doping in the photocarrier recombination in solution‐processed methylammonium lead halide films is investigated by photoluminescence and photoelectron spectroscopies. It is demonstrated that lithium doping weakens the electron–phonon coupling and acts as donor in perovskites, which provide solid evidence that lithium enters the lattice rather than just in the surface region. The n‐type doping creates free electrons to fill the trap states in both the bulk and surface regions, leading to suppressed trapping of photocarriers and reduces nonradiative recombination.
Fast Na‐Ion Intercalation in Zinc Vanadate for High‐Performance Na‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Huang Haijian , Kundu Dipan , Yan Runyu , Tervoort Elena , Chen Xi , Pan Long , Oschatz Martin , Antonietti Markus , Niederberger Markus
Published: October 2018

Na‐ion hybrid capacitors are an emerging class of inexpensive and sustainable devices that combine the high energy of batteries with the high power of capacitors. However, their development is strongly impeded by a limited choice of electrode materials that display good electrochemical kinetics and long‐term cyclability. Here, a reduced graphene oxide–Zn0.25V2O5·nH2O nanobelt composite is introduced as a high power anode for Na‐ion batteries and Na‐ion hybrid capacitors. The composite material possesses fast Na‐ion intercalation kinetics, high electronic conductivity, and small volume change during Na‐ion storage, which lead to outstanding rate capability and cycling stability in half‐cell tests. Pairing it with a hard salt–templated, highly ordered mesoporous carbon as a high‐performance capacitive cathode results in a Na‐ion hybrid capacitor, which delivers a high energy density (88.7 Wh kg−1 at 223 W kg−1), a high power density (12552 W kg−1 with 13.2 Wh kg−1 retained), and an impressive cycling performance (31.7 Wh kg−1 (i.e., 87%) retained after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1). This work explores zinc vanadate, a typical example of a layered metal vanadate, as an intercalation anode material with high pseudocapacitance for Na‐ion hybrid capacitors, which may open a promising direction for high‐rate Na‐ion storage.
Recent advances of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: Future treatment perspectives
Authors: Yamashita Kimihiro , Matsuda Takeru , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Mukohyama Junko , Arimoto Akira , Tanaka Tomoko , Yamamoto Masashi , Matsuda Yoshiko , Kanaji Shingo , Nakamura Tetsu , Sumi Yasuo , Suzuki Satoshi , Kakeji Yoshihiro
Published: October 2018

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) has been widely used as a multidisciplinary approach for stage II/III rectal cancer. However, its safety and efficacy are controversial because previous studies have shown conflicting outcomes. The present review aimed to elucidate the benefits and limitations of nCRT for patients with rectal cancer. Future perspectives of nCRT are also described. No recent randomized trials have been able to show a survival benefit, although many studies have demonstrated good local control with the use of fluoropyrimidine (e.g. 5‐fluorouracil [FU] or capecitabine)‐based nCRT. Addition of oxaliplatin (OX) to FU‐based nCRT might improve overall survival by preventing distant metastasis, as shown in recent meta‐analyses. However, control of adverse effects is an important concern with this treatment. New treatment strategies such as nonoperative management (watch and wait policy) and total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) are promising, but the establishment of reliable diagnostic methods of metastasis is essential. Development of new biomarkers is also necessary to select patients who are more likely to benefit from nCRT.
Dietary inferences through stable isotope analysis at the Neolithic and Bronze Age in the southern Caucasus (sixth to first millenium BC, Azerbaijan): From environmental adaptation to social impacts
Authors: Herrscher Estelle , Poulmarc'h Modwene , Pecqueur Laure , Jovenet Elsa , Benecke Norbert , Decaix Alexia , Lyonnet Bertille , Guliyev Farhad , André Guy
Published: October 2018

Objectives

Subsistence strategies are of great interest for understanding how prehistoric societies adapted to their environment. This is particularly the case for the southern Caucasus where relationships have been shown with the northern Caucasus and Mesopotamia since the Neolithic and where societies are alternately described as sedentary and mobile. This article aims, for the first time, to characterize human diets and their evolution using biochemical markers, from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age (sixth‐first millenium BC), at Mentesh Tepe, a site in the middle Kura valley in Azerbaijan.

Materials and Methods

The data set belongs to 40 humans, 32 domestic and wild animals, and 42 charred seeds discovered in situ and perfectly dated. Stable isotope analyses were performed, including (a) δ13Cco and δ15N for animal and human bone collagens and for seeds, and (b) δ13Cap for human bone apatite.

Results

Almost all the data (25/31) suggest an increased contribution of cereals, lentils, and freshwater fish during the Neolithic, whereas afterwards, until the Late Bronze Age, all individuals consumed more animal proteins from their livestock. None of the biological criteria (age at death and sex) and burial types (mass/single graves) were found to be related to a specific diet over time. Comparisons with other isotopic data from contemporary sites in Georgia argue in favor of a wide variety of dietary sources in the vicinity of the Kura valley and for highly mobile populations. Clear evidence of millet consumption has only been found for the Late Bronze Age.
A Neandertal foot phalanx from the Galería de las Estatuas site (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain)
Authors: Pablos Adrián , Gómez‐Olivencia Asier , Arsuaga Juan Luis
Published: October 2018

Objectives

The Galería de las Estatuas site (GE), a new Mousterian site at the Sierra de Atapuerca site complex (Spain), has revealed a Late Pleistocene detrital sequence with at least five lithostratigraphic units. These units have yielded evidence of Mousterian occupations with sporadic carnivore activity, and have provided datings of 80–112 ka BP using single‐grain optically stimulated luminescence. This places the sequence at the end of MIS5 and beginning of the MIS4. We described here a complete adult human distal foot phalanx (GE‐1573) recovered during the 2017 field season in the interface between lithostratigraphic units 3 and 4 (107–112 ka BP) in the GE‐I test pit.

Materials and method

This phalanx (GE‐1573) probably corresponds to the fifth toe from the right side due to the medial deviation of the distal tuberosity. We compared the metric variables of this phalanx to several fossil and recent Homo samples.

Results

Neandertals display foot phalanges that are broader and more robust than those of recent humans. Despite the scarcity of well‐identified distal phalanges in the Homo fossil record, the GE‐1573 phalanx is broad, long and robust when compared with recent and Upper Paleolithic modern humans.

Discussion

These traits, which align the GE‐1573 foot phalanx with the Neandertal morphology, are consistent with the stratigraphic context, likely corresponding to one of the oldest Late Neandertals found inland on the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, it provides the first evidence of a Neandertal human fossil in a stratigraphic context in the Sierra de Atapuerca.
Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinson disease: Current and evolving concepts
Authors: Espay Alberto J. , Morgante Francesca , Merola Aristide , Fasano Alfonso , Marsili Luca , Fox Susan H. , Bezard Erwan , Picconi Barbara , Calabresi Paolo , Lang Anthony E.
Published: October 2018

Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia is a common complication in Parkinson disease. Pathogenic mechanisms include phasic stimulation of dopamine receptors, nonphysiological levodopa‐to‐dopamine conversion in serotonergic neurons, hyperactivity of corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission, and overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopamine‐releasing axons. Delay in initiating levodopa is no longer recommended, as dyskinesia development is a function of disease duration rather than cumulative levodopa exposure. We review current and in‐development treatments for peak‐dose dyskinesia but suggest that improvements in levodopa delivery alone may reduce its future prevalence. Ann Neurol 2018;84:797–811
Processable Surface Modification of Nickel‐Heteroatom (N, S) Bridge Sites for Promoted Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Yibing , Tan Xin , Chen Sheng , Bo Xin , Ren Hangjuan , Smith Sean C. , Zhao Chuan
Published: October 2018

Nickel‐heteroatoms bridge sites are important reaction descriptors for many catalytic and electrochemical processes. Herein we report the controllable surface modification of nickel–nitrogen (Ni−N) bridge sites on metallic Ni particles via a simplified vapor‐assisted treatment approach. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Operando Raman spectroscopy verifies the interaction between Ni and surface‐anchored N, which leads to distorted Ni lattice structure with improved wettability. The Ni−N bridge sites with appropriate N coverage level plays a critical role in the enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the optimized electrode (Ni−N0.19) has demonstrated superior HER performances with low overpotential merely of 42 mV for achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2, as well as favorable reaction kinetics and excellent durability in alkaline electrolyte. DFT calculations revealed that the appropriate N‐coverage level can lead to the most favorable ΔGH* kinetics for both adsorption of H* and release of H2, while high N coverage (Ni−N0.59) results in weaker H* adsorption, thus a decreased HER activity, corresponding well to our experimental observations. Furthermore, this generic synthetic approach can also be applied to prepare S‐modified Ni HER catalyst by generating hydrogen sulfide vapor.
Topology‐Reset Execution: Repeatable Postcyclization Recyclization of Cyclic Polymers
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Oka Minami , Takagi Hideaki , Toyota Taro
Published: October 2018

Repeatable topological transformation of polymers for the modulation of material functions is a challenge. We have developed a method for repeatedly resetting a cyclic macromolecular architecture to a linear architecture by photostimulation, namely, topology‐reset execution (T‐rex) based on the photochemistry of hexaarylbiimidazoles (HABIs). We synthesized cyclic poly(dimethylsiloxane)s (PDMSs) of various ring sizes with HABIs linked in the chains. UV irradiation of the cyclic PDMSs produced telechelic linear PDMSs with triphenylimidazolyl radical (TPIR) end groups. After termination of UV irradiation, end‐to‐end recyclization occurred by the recoupling of TPIRs. The cyclic PDMSs also responded to ultrasound, which decreased their molecular weight (MW) by site‐specific cleavage of in‐chain HABI moieties, and we are able to reset the MWs by subsequent phototriggered T‐rex. Furthermore, T‐rex enabled solvent‐free switching of the rheological properties of the materials while retaining the liquid character of PDMS.
Probing Hydrogen Bonding Interactions to Iron‐Oxido/Hydroxido Units by 57Fe Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Weitz Andrew C. , Hill Ethan A. , Oswald Victoria F. , Bominaar Emile L. , Borovik Andrew S. , Hendrich Michael P. , Guo Yisong
Published: October 2018

Hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) have been shown to modulate the chemical reactivities of iron centers in iron‐containing dioxygen‐activating enzymes and model complexes. However, few examples are available that investigate how systematic changes in intramolecular H‐bonds within the secondary coordination sphere influence specific properties of iron intermediates, such as iron‐oxido/hydroxido species. Here, we used 57Fe nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) to probe the Fe‐O/OH vibrations in a series of FeIII‐hydroxido and FeIV/III‐oxido complexes with varying H‐bonding networks but having similar trigonal bipyramidal primary coordination spheres. The data show that even subtle changes in the H‐bonds to the Fe‐O/OH units result in significant changes in their vibrational frequencies, thus demonstrating the utility of NRVS in studying the effect of the secondary coordination sphere to the reactivities of iron complexes.
Chiral Guanidine/Copper Catalyzed Asymmetric Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition/[2+2] Cascade Reaction
Authors: Guo Songsong , Dong Pei , Chen Yushuang , Feng Xiaoming , Liu Xiaohua
Published: October 2018

We report the development of a chiral guanidine‐based copper(I) catalyst for the asymmetric azide‐alkyne cycloaddition/[2+2] cascade reaction. Optically active spiroazetidinimine oxindoles were constructed by trapping the ketenimine species under mild reaction conditions. High level of enantioinduction and excellent isolated yields were achieved in the three‐component reaction of various isatin‐derived ketimines, sulfonyl azides, and terminal alkynes. Control experiments and X‐ray crystallography were used to probe into the interaction of chiral guanidinium salt with copper salt.
Bond Energies of Adsorbed Intermediates to Metal Surfaces: Correlation with Hydrogen–Ligand and Hydrogen–Surface Bond Energies and Electronegativities
Authors: Carey Spencer J. , Zhao Wei , Campbell Charles T.
Published: October 2018

Understanding what controls the strength of bonding of adsorbed intermediates to transition‐metal surfaces is of central importance in many technologies, especially catalysis and electrocatalysis. Our recently measured bond enthalpies of −OH, −OCH3, −O(O)CH and −CH3 to Pt(111) and Ni(111) surfaces are fit well (standard deviation of 7.2 kJ mol−1) by a predictive equation involving only known parameters (gas‐phase ligand–hydrogen bond enthalpies, bond enthalpies of adsorbed H atoms to that surface, electronegativities of the elements, and group electronegativities of the ligands). This equation is based upon Pauling's equation, with improvements introduced by Matcha, derived here following manipulations of Matcha's equation similar to (but going beyond) those introduced by Schock and Marks to explain ligand–metal bond enthalpy trends in organometallic complexes.
Creating Biomorphic Barbed and Branched Mesostructures in Solution through Block Copolymer Crystallization
Authors: Jia Lin , Guerin Gerald , Lu Yijie , Yu Qing , Manners Ian , Winnik Mitchell A.
Published: October 2018

Branched and barbed structures are common in nature but rare in nanoscale or mesoscale objects formed by bottom‐up self‐assembly. Key characteristics of the morphology of natural objects, such as various types of insects and conifer branches, is that despite their similarities no two individual objects are exactly the same. Here we report the self‐assembly conditions for a series of poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)‐block‐polyisoprene (PFS‐b‐PI) diblock copolymers that generate structures with biomorphic shapes. All of these polymers yield long uniform fiber‐like micelles with a crystalline PFS core in decane. Injection of a concentrated THF solution of these polymers into THF/decane mixtures, however, leads to barbed and branched mesostructures, with shapes that depend upon the final THF content of the mixed solvent. Interestingly, evaporation of the THF from suspensions of the colloidal biomorphic structures led to elongated fiber‐like structures.
Integrating DNA Photonic Wires into Light‐Harvesting Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Kownacki Mariusz , Langenegger Simon M. , Liu Shi‐Xia , Häner Robert
Published: October 2018

An approach combining DNA nanoscaffolds with supramolecular polymers for the efficient and directional propagation of light‐harvesting cascades has been developed. A series of photonic wires with different arrangements of fluorophores in DNA‐organized nanostructures were linked to light‐harvesting supramolecular phenanthrene polymers (SPs) in a self‐assembled fashion. Among them, a light‐harvesting complex (LHC) composed of SPs and a photonic wire of phenanthrene, Cy3, Cy5, and Cy5.5 chromophores reveals a remarkable energy transfer efficiency of 59 %. Stepwise transfer of the excitation energy collected by the light‐harvesting SPs via the intermediate Cy3 and Cy5 chromophores to the final Cy5.5 acceptor proceeds through a Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. In addition, the light‐harvesting properties are documented by antenna effects ranging from 1.4 up to 23 for different LHCs.
Isomerism in Titanium‐Oxo Clusters: Molecular Anatase Model with Atomic Structure and Improved Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Fan Xi , Wang Junhui , Wu Kaifeng , Zhang Lei , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2018

Phase isomerism is a common and important phenomenon in inorganic materials, but the molecular isomerism of their nanocluster models is still rare. In this work, we report the first pair of isomeric titanium‐oxo clusters. Through combining pentagonal {Ti(Ti5)} building units in corner‐sharing or edge‐sharing forms, the two obtained Ti20‐oxo clusters take vertical and horizontal core configurations, respectively, which are both functionalized by the same organic ligands. More interestingly, the vertical type Ti20‐oxo core contains an identical {Ti8O14} moiety as anatase, making it the first molecular model of anatase TiO2. As a result, the vertical type cluster exhibits better photocatalytic H2 evolution activity, higher photocurrent response and faster charge transfer to external acceptors than its horizontal isomer. Thus, this work provides a cluster isomer method to understand the structure–property relationship of import titanium oxide materials.