bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INVENTION OF LONELINESS IN THE LATE SOVIET UNION: ON THE HISTORY OF A DISCUSSION
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Kulagin M. S.
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the discursive discovery and subsequent framing of loneliness in the late Soviet society. The author is interested in how, in the late 1960s Soviet Union, the phenomenon of loneliness, previously described by international journalists as a consequence of the capitalist system, along with mass homelessness, unemployment, alienation, and atomization, was discovered, ideologically neutralized, and became part of the social policies of the late Soviet state. The article describes a meeting held in the editorial office of Literaturnaya Gazeta on June 20, 1967, where a closed discussion about loneliness took place. The purpose of the discussion was to discuss an article by a Czechoslovak journalist about the experience of discovering loneliness in the Czechoslovak SSR, developing strategies for describing it and inventing ways of overcoming it, such as marriage advertisements in rural and urban newspapers, as well as specialized dating services that provided professional help in finding a soul mate. The author defines the conditions for the emergence of such a discussion and approaches to the recruitment of experts who were part of the editorial policies of the renewed Litgazeta and the representation of Soviet human sciences in the space of public media. The paper examines the post-war history of the transformation of discussion as a special kind of discursive genre and practice of social interaction sensitive to changes in the system of social relations. It also focuses on the struggle between different discourses to define the meaning of loneliness during the discussion. The author turns to the discourse analysis model developed by Laclau and Mouffe to investigate the course of this struggle and to identify political implicatures in the speeches of the discussion participants. A list of discourses used by experts to fix the meaning of loneliness has been identified, and antagonistic continua of meanings have been revealed. These meanings shaped the strategies of institutionalization of loneliness that followed the discussion.
BISHOP PHILOTHEY OF PERM: ITINERARY EXPERIENCE (UP TO 1485)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Nosov A. V. , Tarasov А. Е. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: December 2024

Study of itineraries, i.e. a critical analysis of places and dates of stay, travel routes, and movement conditions of various persons, has long been a noticeable trend in world medieval studies, but is still underdeveloped in Russian medieval studies. At the same time, this approach not only supplements knowledge about the biography of a particular person, but also provides an opportunity for an in-depth study of related problems: the mobility of travelers, transport forms, logistics capabilities, etc. at different stages of country development. The article examines the itinerary of Bishop Philotheus of Perm, one of the most prominent figures of the Russian bishops' corps of the 15th century. During the study, it was assumed that the route from Moscow to Ust-Vym in the late 15th century could take about a month, depending on the time of year, the nature of the trip, and specific weather conditions. Taking into account the peculiarities of movement between Moscow and Ust-Vym enabled the authors to provide additional arguments supporting Philotheus’s presence in Perm in April–July 1473 and in August 1479, to date the letter issued to the holy monk Yakim to 1473 (and not 1474), and to connect the absence of Philotheus in Perm in the late 1484 – early 1485 with his trip to Moscow following the results of the campaign of the Moscow army beyond the Urals in 1483. Furthermore, the authors suggest which of the three missions to reconcile Ivan III and his brothers Philotheus might be involved in during 1480. In addition, it was shown that by the late 15th century, the mobility of most bishops in the Russian Church enabled them, when required, to travel from their dioceses to Moscow within just a few days.
DATABASES AND SOURCE ANALYSIS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS (THE EXAMPLE OF SIBERIA IN THE 1897 CENSUS DATA)
Authors:   Altai State University, Bryukhanova E. A. , Ivanova N. P. ,   Altai State University
Published: December 2024

The modern stage of historical and social sciences development is characterized by an active creation of digital projects and resources. Within these projects, new types of sources are being formed, such as digitized documents, databases, and information systems. These trends expand the possibilities for researchers and set new challenges for them, as well as open new scientific directions. One such direction is the source study of information resources and digital data, which is particularly relevant for historical sources that have a debatable nature, such as the materials of the 1897 First General Census of the Russian Empire. The aim of this study is to assess the possibilities of database technology in analyzing the 1897 Census materials, using the data on the number and employment of Siberia as an example. In the study, two interrelated tasks were addressed: to consider the advantages and limitations of using databases for the analysis of the source materials from the 1897 Census, and to assess the reliability of census data for particular indicators. The sources of this article include both published and archival materials of the 1897 Census (aggregated data and personal information of Tobolsk census forms), as well as databases created from these materials. The study was based on a systematic approach and utilized retrospective, comparative methods, as well as internal criticism of sources for source analysis. The authors state that databases have significant potential for source analysis and that the collection and processing of the 1897 Census materials for the Siberian population was of high quality: the discrepancy in the number of Tobolsk according to aggregated and personal data was only 1%. In addition, the development of digital resources and access to the 1897 Census materials and databases for users not only expands the capabilities of researchers, but also ensures the verification of data and conclusions.
Diyarbakır Kentindeki Parklarda Kullanıcı Memnuniyetinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aydın Esra , Koç Canan
Published: December 2024

Parklar, kullanıcıların betonlaşan alanlardan kaçmaları için mekânlar oluşturarak toplumun yaşam kalitesinin artmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır. Parkların konumu, erişebilirliği ve sundukları aktiviteler kullanıcı tercihlerini etkilemektedir. Dolayısıyla, parkların kullanıcı talepleri doğrultusunda doğru tasarlanması sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir kentler için önem arz etmektedir. Parklar, doğa ile insan arasında uyumu sağlamaları, rekreasyon ve eğlenmeye olanak vermeleri açısından kente sayısız katkılar sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada, Diyarbakır kentinde bulunan 15 Temmuz Şehitler Parkı, Göletli Park ve Park 75 örnekleminde parkların kullanıcı memnuniyeti açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Parkların seçiminde konum, büyüklük ve peyzaj ögeleri etkili olmuştur. Parklardaki kullanıcı memnuniyet düzeyini belirlemek için anket uygulanmıştır. Parklarda otoparkların, aydınlatma ve rekreasyon faaliyetlerinin yetersiz olduğu, özellikle Göletli Park ve Park 75’in akşam kullanım için uygun olmadığı belirtilmiştir. Parklarda çeşme ve havuz gibi öğeler bulunmasına rağmen bunların sayısının yetersiz olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların parklara çeşitli amaçlarla geldikleri görülmüş, 15 Temmuz Şehitler Parkı’na çocuklar için gelen katılımcıların memnuniyetlerinin daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, kullanıcıların memnuniyet düzeylerinin artırılması için parklarda ağaçlandırmanın yapılması, güvenliğin sağlanması, bakım ve onarımların gerçekleştirilmesi, aydınlatma ve oturma birimleri gibi kent mobilyalarının yeterli sayıda ve uygun yerlerde konumlandırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Matematik Öğrenme Güçlüğü İle İlgili Eğitim Alanında Türkiye’de Yapılan Çalışmaların Tematik İncelenmesi
Authors: Kaçar Ahmet , Düzalan Nihal
Published: December 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de eğitim alanında matematik öğrenme güçlüğü ile ilgili yapılan lisansüstü tezlerin tematik bir çerçevede incelenmesidir. Bu amaca ulaşabilmek için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada mevcut durumun değerlendirmesi yapıldığından çalışmanın doğası gereği böyle bir yöntem belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın veri kaynağını 2013 yılından 2024 yılı Ekim ayının sonuna kadar eğitim alanında matematik öğrenme güçlüğünü konu edinen Türkçe ve İngilizce yazılmış ve Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi resmi sitesinin veri tabanında yayımlanmış 31 Türkçe ve 1 İngilizce lisansüstü tez oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Matematik Öğrenme Güçlüğü Konulu Lisansüstü Tezleri İnceleme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacına göre ulaşılan tezler sınıflandırma analiz tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Tezler yayın yılı, tür, yayın dili, yöntem, örneklem grubu, örneklem büyüklüğü, veri toplama araçları, eğitimin farklı alanlarındaki dağılımı ve kullanılan anahtar kelimeler başlıkları altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışmanın dikkat çeken sonuçlarından bazıları şu şekildedir. Elde edilen bulgularda özellikle 2023 yılından itibaren matematik öğrenme güçlüğünü konu edinen lisansüstü tezlerin sayısında önemli derecede bir artışın olduğu görülmüştür. Eğitimde Matematik Eğitimi ve Sınıf Eğitimi alanı dışındaki diğer alanlara yönelik yapılan tezlerin sayısının sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Tezlerde en fazla kullanılan yöntemin nitel yöntemlerden durum çalışması ve eylem araştırması olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcı sayısının 1-50 arasında olduğu küçük örneklem gruplarıyla yürütülen tezlerin daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Matematik öğrenme güçlüğü, diskalkuli ve sayı kavramına yönelik anahtar kelimelerin daha yoğun olarak kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir.
Reliability-oriented twin model for integrating offshore wind farm maintenance activities
Authors: Salgado Duarte Yorlandys , Szpytko Janusz
Published: December 2024

In the context of Power Systems, scheduling maintenance activities is a recognized Non-deterministic Polynomial-time (NP) hard optimization problem. This complexity stems from the dynamic nature of Power Systems and the varied conditions and anomalies within them. When wind energy is integrated into the system through the presence of offshore wind farms and is composed of a large volume of small units, the challenges become even more remarkable due to the uncertainties introduced by wind variability and the need to coordinate a high volume of maintenance activities for all small individual units with precise manner. This paper tackles this complex optimization issue using a probabilistic-focused twin model that addresses uncertainties and enumeration with scenario analysis based on simulations. The proposed solution quantifies and optimizes a probabilistic indicator and demonstrates feasible heuristic optimization algorithms that balance computation time and accuracy, delivering reliable performance within the given scenario.
Músicos, letristas y poetas: canto, paráfrasis y glosa en la Edad de Oro. A propósito de «Tiempo bueno, tiempo bueno»
Authors: Beltran Pepió Vicenç
Published: December 2024

“Tiempo bueno, tiempo bueno” is, perhaps, the most glossed poetic composition of the sixteenth century. In this article, we trace and reconstruct the origin, constitution and transmission of the text and we study how the glosses are related to one another. We conclude that the base text was disseminated primarily by way of music and that the success of this medium resulted in the multiplication of glosses and an awareness on the part of each writer of previous attempts to gloss the text. We offer a complete stemma in which are reflected the transmission of the text, variants introduced in the musical versions and the relationships that exist among the glosses
The Monsoon Rain: A poem
Authors: Boro Khanin
Published: December 2024

My original composition poem, "The Monsoon Rain," deals with imagination and the relationship between life and nature. It also relates to one Earth, one World, and one Environment. It highlights the beauty of the monsoon season. The frustrated man in this changing and hectic world gets relief in the midst of the monsoon, relishing the joy of it.
Beauty and the Beast: Tracing Patriarchal Panopticism in Louise O’Neill’s Only Ever Yours
Authors: P. Shubha  , S. Christina Rebecca
Published: December 2024

Only Ever Yours is a dystopian narrative underlining a feminist discourse that critiques the impractical obsessions of the masculine culture over the beauty standards of women. Set in an intensely regimented institutional structure in which young girls are tamed by an androcentric authority, the novel magnifies the gravity of patriarchal practices in reducing the status of women into mere objects by overemphasising their physical appearance and sensuality. This paper interrogates the living condition of the female characters that are subject to rigorous control mechanisms of the institution that seeks to mould them into ideal companions for young men adhering to patriarchal stereotypes. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s concept of ‘Panopticism’, this paper critically examines the representation of control structure in the select text, revealing its profound entrenchment of patriarchal ideologies. Moreover, it highlights the reciprocity between the panoptic system and the patriarchal gaze in enforcing a self-disciplinary inclination in women and examines its psychological repercussions on them.
Peranan Wanita Dalam Membangunkan Pendidikan Perempuan di Sarawak, 1880-1963 (The Role of Women in Developing Female Education in Sarawak, 1880-1963)
Authors: Junaidi Anita , Wan Mat Ali Wan Noorlizawati
Published: December 2024

The emergence of formal education in Sarawak began with the arrival of westerners, especially the Christian churches. These parties have set up many schools throughout Sarawak. Therefore, in every writing related to the history of education in Sarawak, the names of westerners are often held up as heroes who developed the education of the Sarawak community. Whereas, the names of local people, especially women, are rarely highlighted. Therefore, this study is conducted to examine the status and role of women in Sarawak in developing the state’s education, particularly the education of girls. This study was carried out using qualitative methods through document analysis on primary and secondary sources. The results of the study found that although education in Sarawak was developing, the position of women in education was still low. This is considering that women still lag behind in education compared to men. This can be seen by comparing the number of male and female students in Sarawak. In fact, even until the state’s independence, men still dominated the education sector. In the meantime, this study also proves that local women also contributed to the development of education in the state. This can be seen through the role and efforts played by educated women such as Dayang Sa’adah (Sahada) binti Datu Patinggi Ghafur, Lily Eberwein Abdullah, Barbara Mendu Bay, Tra Zehnder, Ajibah Abol, Sharifah Rehanah Syed Razali and Chi Mei Shi. Realizing the importance of education causes them to strive to raise the dignity of society through education. In fact, the women were willing to use their own money and property. The action is done with all sincerity to ensure that the community gets proper education.
Historical Institutionalism in Indonesia’s REDD+ Climate Policy: Navigating the Interplay between Forest and Climate Governance Institutions
Authors: Apriwan Apriwan
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the relevance of ‘path dependence’ in Indonesia’s climate governance, particularly in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). This paper employs a conceptual model based on historical institutionalism, which explains the role of institutional structures and processes and the importance of critical junctures in reshaping them. This study explains how specific past events and practices shape institutions and their role in managing REDD+ climate policy in Indonesia. This study maps the development of Indonesia’s REDD+ programs during Indonesia’s democratic transition, highlighting its impact on forest governance reform. This paper argues that the institutional transformation of forest institutions creates institutionalized obstacles to the process of REDD+ implementation. The findings suggest that the interplay between forest and climate policy (REDD+) institutions reflects power asymmetries and leads to institutional continuity (re-equilibrium) and discontinuity of forest and climate institutions respectively.
Kerjasama Sempadan Malaysia-Indonesia Untuk Meningkatkan Keselamatan Sempadan Sarawak–Kalimantan: Syor Untuk Rangka Kerja Baharu (Malaysia-Indonesia Border Cooperation To Enhance Sarawak–Kalimantan Border Security: Recommendations For New Framework)
Authors: Zulkifli Noraini , Mohd Yasid Amer Fawwaz , Abdul Rahman Azrul Azlan
Published: December 2024

Malaysia’s land borders are vulnerable to traditional threats and non-traditional security. Traditional security threats or conventional security threats are a form of threat to national security involving military aspects or physical threats that come from outside. Meanwhile, non-traditional threats to safety involve non-state actors, cross-border crimes that are asymmetrical and have an impact on the social, political, economic and environmental sectors. Malaysia has a long land border with Indonesia which is 1,881 km from Sarawak to Sabah. This study aims to make recommendations for a new framework for border security between Sarawak – Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method where part of the data is collected through secondary data obtained through library studies. This includes academic books, journal articles, and confidential reports issued (public domain) as well as government safety and defense policies. Meanwhile, primary data was obtained through field studies and face-to-face interviews with experts and officials directly involved in the study topics from Malaysia and Indonesia. The concept of National Security has been used to explain this study. The result of this study is that the Government of Malaysia is trying to work with the Government of Indonesia to overcome the existing threats. In addition, the Malaysian Government has also intensified patrols and increased security guard checkpoints along the border. Cooperation not only involves the police, military but also Immigration, Customs and the National Security Council. This is because every agency and ministry needs to work with each other to enable coordination activities to enhance national security.
Geopolitical Analysis of the Relocation of Indonesia’s Capital City to the Archipelago’s Capital City, East Kalimantan
Authors: Haryanto Agus , Darmawan Arief Bakhtiar
Published: December 2024

This research aims to analyse the geopolitical arguments for the policy of relocating Indonesia’s capital city to the Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) located in East Kalimantan. IKN is located in the central region of Indonesia, allowing development policies to reduce the burden on Jakarta and Java Island and equalising development in central and eastern Indonesia. Geopolitical analysis is needed to thoroughly observe the reasons and policies the Indonesian government must carry out to be relevant to the contemporary geopolitical situation. This research uses a qualitative research method using literature study as a secondary source. The results show that Indonesia needs to make five changes to utilise the potential of IKN and its strategic location. In terms of changes in priority setting, Indonesia needs to emphasise equitable development. Second, regarding security and defence policy, Indonesia must build maritime resilience for shipping and trade. Third, regarding economic and trade policies, Indonesia must direct economic and trade connectivity related to natural resource exports. Fourth, regarding environmental and maritime policies, Indonesia needs to ensure that development and environmental conditions can go hand in hand to attract foreign investors. Fifth, Indonesia’s regional and global diplomacy priorities lead to an Indo-Pacific stability and security strategy to make the region a global growth epicentrum.
The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation in the Relationship between Cognitive Flexibility and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Kiye Semra , Çiçek Habeş Ecem
Published: December 2024

Cognitive flexibility is the ability to adapt between different cognitive strategies in response to changing demands. Psychological well-being refers to an individual's level of self-acceptance in terms of finding meaning in one's life, living according to one's beliefs, and making use of one's potential and limitations. The concept of cognitive emotion regulation refers to the deliberate cognitive methods people use to manage their emotional encounters. This study investigates the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being. The research was conducted using a relational scanning model with 312 students from various universities. 216 of the participants are women and 96 are men, aged between 18 and 55. Among them, 53 were in their first, 34 in their second, 87 in their third, and 138 in their fourth year of study. The research instruments included the Psychological Well-Being Scale, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale. Regression-based bootstrapping was used to analyse the data, and positive, statistically significant relationships were found between cognitive flexibility, psychological well-being, and adaptive sub-dimensions of cognitive emotion regulation. Furthermore, the indirect effect of cognitive emotion regulation on the cognitive flexibility-psychological well-being link was found to be significant. Specifically, refocus on planning, positive refocusing and positive reappraisal sub-dimensions exhibited a partial mediating role in this relationship, whereas the mediating role of the putting into perspective sub-dimension was not supported. In conclusion, as levels of cognitive flexibility increase, concurrent rises in cognitive emotion regulation are observed, thereby contributing to enhanced psychological well-being.
Great Scientists were also Children
Authors: Perestyuk Halyna
Published: December 2024

This is a touching story about the childhood and youth of the outstanding Ukrainian mathematician Mykola Oleksiyovych Perestyuk. The author, his sister, shares memories of family life, school years and the first steps in science of the future academician. The story demonstrates how a gifted child grew up in an ordinary peasant family, who later reached the heights of world science. This publication will be interesting not only to scientists, but also to everyone who is fascinated by success stories and seeks to inspire young people to achieve new heights.
The Peopling of Tajikistan by Homo sapiens denisovan
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Derevianko A. P.
Published: December 2024

В статье, опубликованной в предыдущем номере, рассматривались проблемы расселения и начального этапа процесса морфологического и генетического формирования на территории Ирана H. s. denisovan, появившегося в результате разделения в Леванте ок. 400 тыс. л.н. предковой формы H. heidelbergensis на два таксона — неандертальцев и денисовцев. Сформировавшийся генетически и морфологически денисовский таксон удалось выделить благодаря секвенированию ДНК из фрагмента ногтевой фаланги пальца, извлеченного из слоя 11.2 в Денисовой пещере на Алтае. Денисовцы, покинув Левант 400-350 тыс. л.н., начали расселяться через транзитную территорию Ирана в Центральную Азию и далее на Алтай. Первоначальное заселение Денисовой пещеры произошло ок. 300 тыс. л.н. На обширной территории Центральной Азии они расселялись в течение длительного времени в районах с различными природно-климатическими условиями, ландшафтами, растительным и животным миром, а также в тех районах, где еще продолжало проживать коренное население — поздние формы H. erectus. В процессе адаптации к меняющимся экологическим условиям обитания, ассимиляции с эректусами, естественного отбора и происходило морфологическое и генетическое формирование H. s. denisovan. В настоящей статье рассматривается проблема расселения денисовцев на территории Таджикистана.
Raptorial Birds as Taphonomic Agents for Small Mammal Remains in Pleistocene Deposits at Tsagaan Agui Cave, Mongolia
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Marchenko D. V. , Samandrosova A. S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Tomsk State University, Klementiev A. M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rybin E. P. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bazargur D. ,   Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Tserendagva Y. ,   Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Gunchinsuren B. ,   Institute of Archaeology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Olsen J. W. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Khatsenovich A. M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

Статья посвящена реконструкции влияния хищных птиц на тафоценоз мелких млекопитающих в пещере Цагаан-Агуй и определению состава последних для климатической и палеоландшафтной характеристики окрестностей пещеры в период накопления слоев 4 и 5.1-5.3 Большого грота. Изучены скопления костей мелких млекопитающих, обнаруженные в этих слоях в 2022-2023 гг. (раскоп 2) и связанные, вероятно, с периодическим функционированием гнезд крупных пернатых хищников в потолке пещеры. С помощью статистических методов (вычисления выполнены в программной среде R) в сочетании с визуализацией распределения костей определены границы скоплений и объяснены различия в концентрации костных остатков между литологическими слоями. Прослежено влияние на осадконакопление отверстия в потолке пещеры («органной трубы») над раскопом 2, служившего источником поступления красноцветных отложений с поверхности известнякового массива. Установлено, что хищные птицы сыграли основную роль в аккумуляции остатков мелких млекопитающих в слоях 4 и 5.1-5.3. Сосредоточение на одном участке костей мелких животных разных видов свидетельствует о том, что они не связаны с жизнедеятельностью этих животных в пещере и преимущественно поступали как охотничья добыча. Таксономический состав млекопитающих, остатки которых найдены в слоях 4 и 5.1-5.3, позволяет говорить о стабильности палеоклиматических условий во время их аккумуляции, несмотря на значительный перерыв в осадконакоплении; преобладают представители открытых полупустынных ландшафтов или сухих степей с выходами скал.
Industry of Okladnikov Cave Layer 3 in the Context of the Sibiryachikha Complexes of the Altai Mountains
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolobova K. A. ,   Altai State University, Tyugashev I. E. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kharevich A. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kharevich V. M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Koliasnikova A. S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Seletsky M. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chistyakov P. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Markin S. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Derevianko A. P. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Altai State University
Published: December 2024

В статье представлены результаты комплексного анализа археологической коллекции слоя 3 пещеры Окладникова и ее интерпретация в контексте сибирячихинских индустрий Горного Алтая. Исследование с использованием атрибутивного подхода выявило в каменной индустрии слоя 3 технико-типологические черты, характерные для сибирячихинских комплексов: ориентация первичного расщепления на изготовление отщепов со смещенной осью скалывания в рамках радиального метода расщепления; преобладание в орудийном наборе конвергентных скребел; наличие серии плоско-выпуклых бифасиальных орудий. Установлено, что стоянка представляла собой базовый лагерь, где происходили разделка туш лошадей и носорогов, а также их потребление. Анализ полноты цикла расщепления позволил обнаружить сходство между индустрией слоя 3 пещеры Окладникова и комплексами Чагырской пещеры по такому признаку, как организация первичного и бифасиального расщепления. Операции, относящиеся к начальным стадиям декортикации нуклеусов, производились за пределами пещеры, на выходах галечного сырья, а связанные с последующими стадиями утилизации нуклеусов и всеми стадиями бифасиального расщепления — на территории стоянки. Основное различие между комплексами слоя 3 пещеры Окладникова и слоя 6в/2 пещеры Чагырской зафиксировано только на этапе изготовления и модификации каменных орудий. В пещере Окладникова по сравнению с Чагырской эти процессы были более интенсивными, что может свидетельствовать о транспортировке значительной части орудий и заготовок из высококачественного сырья из более отдаленных источников.
Excavations of a Neolithic Dwelling at Pod Lipami, Primorye, in 1976
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Okladnikov A. P. , Medvedev V. E. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2024

На левобережье низовьев р. Партизанской (Южное Приморье) длительное время проводились исследования большой группы поселений с остатками жилищ-полуземлянок зайсановской культуры позднего неолита (преимущественно первая половина II тыс. до н.э. и несколько более раннее время). Многие материалы раскопок почти всех памятников, в т.ч. таких как Сопка Булочка, Сопка Большая, Перевал, ранее были опубликованы. Исключение составляет поселение Под Липами, точнее одно жилище. Этому объекту посвящается данная статья. Установлено, что основание жилища подпрямоугольной формы, площадью ок. 46 м2 было врезано в склон сопки в виде площадки-террасы. В центре выявлен очаг. Определено, что жилище было каркасно-столбового типа. Обнаружено значительное количество каменных орудий земледелия: мотыги, зернотерки, куранты, песты. Другой каменный инструментарий — тесла, скребковые, режущие, шлифовальные и другие изделия, в т.ч. обсидиановые. Найдена керамика в виде обломков и раздавленных частей лепных плоскодонных горшковидных и вазовидных емкостей, орнаментированных чаще резными вертикальными зигзагами, а также криволинейными фигурами, спиралями, более характерными для неолита Нижнего Приамурья. Несмотря на малые размеры памятника, полученные результаты, в т. ч. радиоуглеродные даты, дополняют информацию о зайсановской культуре и ее носителях — оседлых земледельцах.
Clay-Plaster “Masks” from Mound-Vault Skalnaya 5, Khakassia
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bogdanov E. S.
Published: December 2024

В статье вводятся в научный оборот данные, полученные при исследовании тесинского кургана-склепа Скальная-5 (Хакасия). Внимание сосредоточено на обрядовых моментах, связанных с глиняно-гипсовыми покрытиями, и на их семантике. Обмазка наносилась на шейные позвонки и трепанированный череп. Установлено, что использовалась местная глина одного типа, скульптурные портреты создавались только из гипса (два основных слоя и один отделочный), а пигментами служили охра разных оттенков, киноварь и древесный уголь. В каждом случае, по всей видимости, разными мастерами, был создан конкретный неповторимый образ с этнической составляющей, причем женский имел более сложную окраску (узор в виде одного или нескольких трилистников), нежели мужской однотонный красный. Наибольшее сходство по деревянным конструкциям, отдельным деталям погребального обряда и технологии изготовления глиняно-гипсовых покрытий выявлено между материалами курганов Скальная-5, Новые Мочаги у д. Калы и Лисий у д. Сабинка. Возможно, это обусловлено синхронностью существования комплексов в пределах I-III вв. Орнамент в виде трилистника зафиксирован еще на двух женских «масках» из могил Каменки III, что позволяет ставить вопрос о родстве (этническом?) какой-то группы женщин. В среде кочевников-скотоводов Южной Сибири отсутствует традиция скульптурной работы с гипсом и цветной росписи, поэтому можно предположить импульс с западных территорий. Концептуальное сходство обнаружено только с египетскими материалами римского времени: с расписными гипсовыми лицевыми скульптурами, выполненными для погребального ритуала.
The World of Migrants from Ryazan in the Post-Reform Period: Methods of Studying Migration and Local Adaptation in the Altai
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fursova E. F.
Published: December 2024

Представлены результаты апробации авторской методики интеграции этнографических и архивных источников, характеризующих семьи крестьян из Рязанской губ., переселившихся в 1880-е гг. на Алтай. В работе приводятся сведения конца XIX — начала ХХ в. из государственных архивов Рязанской и Томской областей. Практическое воплощение получила авторская методика сравнительного полевого исследования; публикуются материалы этнографических экспедиций, проводившихся на исторической родине переселенцев — Рязанщине и на местах поселения на Алтае — Шубинская вол. Бийского у. Реконструировать процессы адаптации мигрантов в Сибири позволяют интервью, записанные у информантов. Установлено, что до революции 1917 г. и в последующие годы в среде алтайских «рязанов» сохранялся культурный стержень как средоточие осознаваемых и неосознаваемых ценностей, прежде всего православие и южнорусский говор. Процессы адаптации включали освоение пространства, заключение браков не только с рязанскими земляками, но и с сибирскими старожилами. Этими стратегиями адаптации рязанцы отличались от других южнорусских переселенцев (курских, воронежских и пр.), более ориентированных на связи и совместное проживание с «полтавскими», «черниговскими» и другими соседями-«южанами».
Shamans and fortune tellers of the Ob Ugric Population (Northwestern Siberia, the 17th – early 21st centuries)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, Baulo A. V.
Published: December 2024

Th e author presents the main sources on shamanism among the northern groups of the Ob Ugrians of the 17th –
early 21st centuries. Th e issues of the development or decline of shamanism in the northern regions of Western Siberia
aft er its annexation by the Russian Empire are considered. Th e ethnographic materials collected by the Circumpolar
Ethnographic Team in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 1983–2023
are described in detail. Th e appendix to the monograph contains a catalog of shamanic drums.
Th e book is addressed to archaeologists, ethnographers, historians, and students of the local lore.
Perception of Emotional State of a Communicant Based on Information about His Facial and Body Expressions
Authors: Korolkova O.A.
Published: December 2024

The hypothesis about the holistic nature of the perception of expressive behavior is tested using the material of posed dynamic expressions of seven emotional states. The availability of information about facial and body expressions, as well as about the context of the situation (a holistic image of human behavior; an image with blurred face; an image with blurred body and context) serves as the independent variable. The influence of perception conditions on the accuracy of expression recognition is assessed. It is shown that the accuracy of assessing expressions of fear and boredom is significantly reduced when information is available only about facial expressions. On the contrary, the neutral state of the poser is perceived most accurately when the face is blurred. The expression of disappointment is recognized better in conditions of full information than when the face is blurred. No significant changes in the accuracy of assessing the expressions of happiness, disgust, and excitement were found when the perception conditions changed. Analysis of the structure of erroneous answers allowed us to identify the main patterns of mixing perceived emotions. In particular, it was shown that in the absence of information about body movements and the context of the situation, the expression of fear is perceived as “shame” or other states of negative valence. Probably, the key to understanding situational fear is knowledge of the presence of an object that evokes this emotion. Situational manifestations of excitement and interest are similar, and therefore it is quite difficult to reliably distinguish between these emotions.
Exploring Radiation Shielding Properties of Lanthanide Elements
Authors: Yavuzkanat Nuray
Published: December 2024

In this work, the radiation shielding properties of Lanthanide elements were studied using the EpiXS program and GATE simulation, which agreed well with each other, based on some key parameters such as MAC, LAC, HVL, MFP, EABF, and EBF. It was observed that at lower energies of gamma-rays, the values of MAC and LAC are maximum, which decrease with the increase in energy due to reduced photoelectric interactions. Photoelectric absorption edges couple with peaks in attenuation values; peaks for elements of the lower atomic number, La, Ce, Pr, and Nd, appear as two while the peaks for elements of higher atomic number are three due to the additional absorptions by L-shell sub- levels or M-shell. These peaks take place when the energy of photons meets the energy level of electron binding. While Lutetium has the highest and Europium has the lowest LAC values, Lutetium also has the lowest HVL and MFP values; thus, it has the best radiation shielding properties. The EABF and EBF reach their maximum in the medium energy range and then decrease. Lutetium has the lowest photon buildup, and Lanthanum has the highest EABF and EBF values for all the studied elements at all penetration depths.
Effect of a lyophilic composition containing hepatocyte growth factor on the survival of rats under conditions of toxic liver injury
Authors: Inozemcev Pavel O. , Grigoriev Georgy E. , Kurgansky Ilya S. , Lepekhova Svetlana A.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: The apparent tendency towards an increase in the number of patients with liver failure serves as a basis for searching for new substances that meet modern requirements for efficiency in the treatment of this pathology.
AIM: To evaluate the survival rate of animals under the influence of a lyophilic composition in modeling acute toxic liver damage.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The studies were performed in vivo using Wistar rats (n=135). Acute toxic liver injury was modeled in male rats weighing 200–250 g using subcutaneous administration of CCl4 at a dosage of 0.5 mg per 100 g of animal weight. Animals were divided into groups depending on the administered drug: group 1 — subcutaneous injection of saline at a dosage of 0.5 ml (n=30); group 2 — subcutaneous injection of isolated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) 0.5 ml (n=30); group 3 — administration of 0.5 ml of antibodies to HGF into the tail vein (n=15); group 4 — subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of lyophilic composition 12 h after CCl4 administration (n=30); group 5 — subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of lyophilic composition immediately after CCl4 administration (n=15). Group 6 — subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of lyophilisate of isolated hepatocytes (n=15). The duration of the study was 6 days. Survival in the groups was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier curves. The stratified log-rank test was used to assess the significance of differences in survival. The study data were statistically processed using the Statistica 10.0 program; differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.
RESULTS: Administration of the lyophilic composition enriched with hepatocyte growth factor significantly increased the lifespan of animals compared to the control group. Analysis of outcomes between the experimental and control groups revealed that the significance level of differences in the mortality rate between the group receiving exogenous HGF as a treatment (group 2) and the control group was p 0.0001; between the experimental group receiving a subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml of the lyophilic composition 12 hours after CCl4 administration (group 4) and the control group — p 0.0001. Less significant differences were observed in the experimental group that received the lyophilic composition immediately after CCl4 injection (group 5) — p=0.4103. In addition, low survival was noted in the group of animals that received isolated hepatocytes (group 6) — p=0.3263. Low survival was explained by the small amount of HGF in the isolated hepatocytes medium.
CONCLUSION: A lyophilic composition containing HGF as an active substance improves the survival of rats in a model of acute toxic liver injury.
Modern methods of preparing autologous vein for bypass surgery (non-systematic review)
Authors: Krepkogorskiy Nikolay V. , Bredikhin Roman A.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION: The use of an autologous vein conduit in bypass operations is the leading trend in vascular and cardiac surgery. In the context of a high risk of repeated interventions and of limited availability of high-quality venous resources, it is important that the autovenous conduit remain functional as long as possible.
AIM: To study the dynamics of conclusions from the modern research works on harvesting, preservation and quality assessment of autovein grafts in the postoperative period.
The graft patency after open and endoscopic harvesting is comparable. Unsatisfactory results in terms of the long-term patency of an endoscopically harvested autovein may be associated with a long period of training in endoscopic techniques. They facilitate fast healing of postoperative wounds on the leg and reduce pain syndrome. The no touch open harvest technique, the use of low pressure when distending an autovenous graft, and ligation of the tributaries are factors that reduce the risk of postoperative hyperplasia of intima, thus contributing to a long-term functioning of the shunt and reducing the number of reinterventions. The preferable method of harvesting an autovenous graft for bypass surgeries in the lower limbs is an open bridging method. Keeping the autovenous graft in the whole autologous blood before the bypass surgery is also believed to reduce the risk of autograft injury, but randomized studies with a greater number of observations are required. Control of the graft quality before and after application of anastomosis and initiation of blood flow helps to improve the immediate and long-term bypass patency, and is performed using ultrasound imaging, measurement of blood flow transit time, angiographic examination, introduction of indocyanine green, and thermal imaging.
CONCLUSION: This review presents a modern multicomponent analysis of the role of mechanical, thermal, environmental and organic factors in the formation of the properties of an autovein conduit, essential for maintaining its maximal patency as of an arterial bypass, and the methods of intraoperative patency control.
Modern diagnostic methods and approaches to treatment of platypnea–orthodeoxia syndrome in patients with patent foramen ovale
Authors: Tereshchenko Andrey S. , Merkulov Evgeniy V.
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION: Platypnea is defined as initiation or worsening of dyspnea when a patient moves from a supine to a sitting or standing position. This condition is usually accompanied by orthodeoxia, a rather rapidly (within 2–3 minutes) developing hypoxemia triggered by this change in posture. This review focuses on the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic approaches and methods of surgical treatment of platypnea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) in such cardiac pathology as patent foramen ovale (PFO).
AIM: To conduct an analysis of the literature reflecting the main modern diagnostic methods and approaches to treatment of POS in patients with PFO.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In writing the review article, a search for literature sources was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus and eLibrary abstract databases for the period up to 2023 inclusive using the following keywords: ‘platypnea–orthodeoxia syndrome’, ‘patent foramen ovale’.
RESULTS: POS is a rather rare clinical phenomenon, caused in more than 80% of cases by the existence of the intracardiac shunt, in particular, PFO. In this pathology, deoxygenated blood is discharged into the systemic arterial circulation. The syndrome is usually diagnosed using bubble contrast transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography. The least traumatic method of PFO closure is percutaneous intervention with the effectiveness reaching 99%. This operation is performed on patients with PFO syndrome to arrest clinical symptoms.
CONCLUSION: A number of studies and clinical cases have shown a positive effect of percutaneous closure of PFO in alleviating hypoxia symptoms in patients with POS.