bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal organic selenium supplementation alleviates LPS induced inflammation, autophagy and ER stress in the thymus and spleen of offspring piglets by improving the expression of selenoproteins
Authors: Ding Dajiang , Mou Daolin , Zhao Lianpeng , Jiang Xuemei , Che Lianqiang , Fang Zhengfeng , Xu Shengyu , Lin Yan , Zhuo Yong , Li Jian , Huang Chao , Zou Yuanfeng , Li Lixia , Wu De , Feng Bin
Published: September 2021

The thymus and spleen are the main reservoir for T lymphocytes, which can regulate the innate immune response and provide protection against pathogens and tissue damage.
Self-assembled rhomboidal ammonia monolayer confined in two vertically stacked graphene oxide/graphene nanosheets
Authors: Jian Zhi-Bin , Bie Jie , Chen Shuang
Published: September 2021

A stable rhomboidal NH3 monolayer with all molecules adopting a Y-shaped configuration was formed under the confinement of two topology-symmetrical graphene oxide and graphene nanosheets at low temperature.
Recent progress in metal sulfide-based electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells
Authors: He Zhen , Zhou Yi , Liu Anmin , Gao Liguo , Zhang Chu , Wei Guoying , Ma Tingli
Published: September 2021

Metal sulfides (MSs) are considered as potential candidates for electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells. In this review, we summarized MSs-based electron transport layers (ETLs) according to their preparation strategies and the mechanism.
Metastable marcasite NiSe2 nanodendrites on carbon fiber clothes to suppress polysulfide shuttling for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Cao Shoufu , Yang Likun , Zhang Yan , Xing Kun , Lu Xiaoqing , Xu Jun
Published: September 2021

Metastable m-NiSe2/CFC films are realized to promote chemisorption, accelerate reaction kinetics and suppress the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides, resulting in high rate capability and superior cycling stability for lithium–sulfur batteries.
Photoredox-catalyzed redox-neutral difluoroalkylation to construct perfluoroketones with difluoroenoxysilanes
Authors: Zou Jian-Yu , Wang Yu-Zhao , Sun Wen-Hui , Lin Wu-Jie , Liu Xue-Yuan
Published: September 2021

A new route to synthesize perfluoroketones was developed and this method can be applied using perfluoroalkyl iodides, bromo difluoro esters and amides.
Synthesis of 6-phenylbenzo[h]quinolines via photoinduced dehydrogenative annulation of (E)-2-phenyl-3-styrylpyridines
Authors: Niu Lixin , He Yun , Xi Jin , Wang Tao , Liang Yong , Zhang Zunting
Published: September 2021

A efficient method for the synthesis of 6-phenylbenzo[h]quinolines 2 has been developed. This strategy has the prominent advantages of simple operation, mild reaction conditions, high atom efficiency, and transition-metal/catalyst-free process.
Eu-MOF and its mixed-matrix membranes as a fluorescent sensor for quantitative ratiometric pH and folic acid detection, and visible fingerprint identifying
Authors: Jiang Yansong , Huang Yating , Shi Xiangxiang , Lu Zijing , Ren Jiamo , Wang Zimo , Xu Jianing , Fan Yong , Wang Li
Published: September 2021

The integration of 1 and polymer matrices leads to the fabrication of 1@polymer MMMs, which can be used in the detection of pH and folic acid. Powder samples of 1 also show potential for application in fingerprint identification.
Recent advances in catalytic enantioselective direct C–H bond functionalization of electron-deficient N-containing heteroarenes
Authors: Liu Xiao-Lan , Jiang Luo-Bin , Luo Mu-Peng , Ren Zhi , Wang Shou-Guo
Published: September 2021

Catalytic enantioselective direct C–H bond functionalization of electron-deficient N-containing heteroarenes represents one of the most straightforward and powerful protocols to construct diverse enantioenriched highly functionalized N-heteroarenes.
Customized self-assembled molecules: rim adjustable coronal polygons with multiple-folds symmetry
Authors: Chen Mingzhao , Cao Jia-nan , Li Suqing , Liu Die , Wang Jun , Zhao He , Wang Guotao , Wu Tun , Jiang Zhilong , Wang Pingshan
Published: September 2021

Three desired discrete metallomacrocyclic wreaths with four-, five- and six-fold symmetry were successfully realized in a controlled fashion.
A review on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the herbScoparia dulcisL. for the potential treatment of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Jiang Zikang , Sung Jinghui , Wang Xuyun , Zhang Yangyang , Wang Yaomiao , Zhou Haifeng , Wen Lei
Published: September 2021

This review discusses the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects ofS. dulcisplants.S. dulcisprovides new potential for medicine and can be promoted as a complementary or alternative therapy for patients with chronic conditions.
Optimum fabrication parameters for preparing high performance SERS substrates based on Si pyramid structure and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Thuy Nguyen Thuy Ngoc , Luan Huynh Nguyen Thanh , Hieu Van Vo Kim , Ngan Mai Thi Thanh , Trung Nguyen Tri , Hung Le Vu Tuan , Van Tran T. T.
Published: September 2021

AgNPs@PSi substrate can detect abamectin molecules at concentrations as low as 5.7 × 10−9 M, with an enhancement factor of 1 × 106. Such a remarkable SERS substrate promises great potential for practical applications in food security.
Furan oxidation by Mn(iii)/Co(ii) catalysts – application to benzofuran synthesis
Authors: Wang Tingshu , Zhang Miao , Zheng Yifan , Seong Junmo , Lah Myoung Soo , Koo Sangho
Published: September 2021

Catalytic oxidation of furan containing β-ketoester at 2-position by MnIII/CoII produced 4-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-ones, which can be transformed into versatile benzofuran derivatives.
Synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation and molecular docking studies on 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone derivatives
Authors: Khamto Nopawit , Chaichuang Lada , Rithchumpon Puracheth , Phupong Worrapong , Bhoopong Phuangthip , Tateing Suriya , Pompimon Wilart , Semakul Natthawat , Chomsri Ni-orn , Meepowpan Puttinan
Published: September 2021

Semi-synthetic DMC derivatives were synthesised and displayed biological potency against various cancer cell lines.
Investigating the structure–activity relationship of marine natural polyketides as promising SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors
Authors: El-Demerdash Amr , Al-Karmalawy Ahmed A. , Abdel-Aziz Tarek Mohamed , Elhady Sameh S. , Darwish Khaled M. , Hassan Ahmed H. E.
Published: September 2021

Marine natural polyketides showed promising SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitory activities.
Construction of dual-carbon-confined metal sulfide nanocrystals via bio-mimetic reactors enabling superior Fenton-like catalysis
Authors: Xu Tao , Long Yanping , He Chao , Song Xin , Zhao Weifeng , Zhao Changsheng
Published: September 2021

Dual-carbon-confined metal sulfide nanocrystals fabricated via a seaweed-mimetic reactor demonstrated the highest efficiency for peroxymonosulfate activation.
Refining active sites and hydrogen spillover for boosting visible-light-driven ammonia synthesis at room temperature
Authors: Fu Rong , Pan Ziye , Mu Xiaowei , Li Jiayang , Zhan Qingyun , Zhao Zihan , Mu Xiaoyue , Li Lu
Published: September 2021

Efficient ammonia synthesis was achieved by Mo, Pt modified TiO2−x under visible light irradiation. Pt nanoparticles trigger hydrogen spillover from Pt to Mo, enabling facile NH3 assembly and desorption, as well as increasing free Mo active sites.
Self-assembled nanodendritic PdPtCu nanosheets/Ti2CTx–CNT electrocatalysts for low overpotential and long-term stable hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Tan Yong , Deng Linghan , Qi Kai , Qin Chuanxiang , Cheng Si
Published: September 2021

Self-assembled nanodendritic PdPtCu nanosheets/Ti2CTx–CNT electrocatalysts for the HER with an ultra-low overpotential and impressive long-term stability were obtained due to the unique synergistic effect between PdPtCu nanosheets and Ti2CTx–CNT heterostructures.
Built-in electric field enhanced ionic transport kinetics in the T-Nb2O5@MoO2 heterostructure
Authors: Huang Huihuang , Zhao Guangyu , Sun Xin , Yu Xianbo , Liu Chao , Shen Xiaojie , Wang Ming , Lyu Pengbo , Zhang Naiqing
Published: September 2021

The built-in electric field induced by the T-Nb2O5@MoO2 heterostructure facilitates charge transfer and ionic transport kinetics during the cycling process.
Highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells passivated by a functional amorphous layer
Authors: Tang Guanqi , Wang Tianyue , Cao Jiupeng , Zhao Zeyu , Song Jiajun , Liu Pei , Cheng Haiyang , Zheng Fangyuan , Zhao Jiong , Yan Feng
Published: September 2021

A novel introduction of an amorphous functional layer in perovskite films significantly improved the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Mechanistic studies of CsPbBr3 superstructure formation
Authors: Chan Wen Kiat , Zhou Donglei , Yu Zhongzheng , Tan Timothy Thatt Yang
Published: September 2021

This work proves that the amount of PbBr2 is crucial for CsPbBr3 superstructure formation although an excess of PbBr2 prevents superstructure formation.
Joint optimization of antenna selection and beamforming in MIMO SWIPT systems with bidirectional communication
Authors: Hedayati Mohammadali , Yousefi Shahram
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates joint optimization of antenna selection and beamforming in multiple‐input multiple‐output simultaneous wireless information and power transfer systems with bidirectional communication. The downlink–uplink rate region is used as the performance metric. The formulated optimization problem is non‐convex mixed integer programming, which is challenging to solve. The problem is first converted into a form of a quadratically constrained quadratic program. Given fixed receive and transmit antenna sets at the energy harvesting device, the authors apply the semidefinite relaxation to obtain a convex problem for optimal beamforming which can be solved efficiently. It is proved that the semidefinite relaxation is tight. The authors solve the relaxed problem for every possible receive and transmit antenna sets and find the optimal solution by search. Moreover, a low‐complexity method to alleviate the computational complexity of the optimal solution by deriving effective heuristic algorithms for the beamforming and antenna selection is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that both the optimal and the low‐complexity algorithms outperform the benchmark power splitting, when the circuit power consumption is sufficiently high or the number of receive antennas at the energy harvesting device is sufficiently large. Also, a near‐optimal performance can be achieved by the proposed low‐complexity method.
Synchronisation of multiple neural networks via event‐triggered time‐varying delay hybrid impulsive control
Authors: Ruan Xiaoli , Xu Chen , Feng Jianwen , Wang Jingyi , Zhao Yi
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the exponential synchronisation problem for multiple neural networks with time‐varying delay and a more general non‐Laplacian coupling matrix is considered. To reduce the redundant communication, two event‐based time‐varying delay hybrid impulsive control schemes are proposed with static event‐triggered condition and dynamic event‐triggered condition. These novel control schemes neatly combine the event‐triggered coupling strategy with the time‐varying delay hybrid impulsive control, where the impulsive instant is only determined by the specified event‐triggered condition. Moreover, a delay impulsive differential inequality is established to discuss the synchronisation problem for controlled multiple neural networks. By using Stolz's theorem and introducing the average event‐triggered delay impulsive gain, some less conservative sufficient conditions are derived to assure the stability of the time‐varying delay multiple neural networks. Furthermore, the Zeno behaviour can be eliminated effectively and the consumption of the computing resources can be reduced. Finally, some examples are given to verify the superiority of the results.

First, a static event‐triggered time‐varying delay hybrid impulsive control scheme was proposed to lessen the communication burden. Then, a time‐varying delay impulsive differential inequality was established to guarantee the synchronisation of multiple neural networks. Moreover, the authors also discussed the issue that continuously triggering and sampling can be excluded.
Optimal configuration of energy storage capacity in wind farms based on cloud energy storage service
Authors: Chen Ting , Yang Junjie , Jiang Wei , Sui Zhicheng , Wang Yujie
Published: September 2021

In wind farms, the energy storage system can realize the time and space transfer of energy, alleviate the intermittency of renewable energy and enhance the flexibility of the system. However, the high cost limits its large‐scale application. Cloud energy storage (CES) can provide users with leasing energy storage service at a relatively lower price, and can provide energy trading service. Wind farms can lease CES and participate in energy transaction to reduce the cost of energy storage and suppress wind power fluctuations. This paper proposes a framework of wind farm system based on CES service, and designs a power allocation strategy. Considering whole‐life‐cycle cost of the self‐built energy storage, leasing and trading cost of the CES and penalty cost of wind abandonment and smooth power shortage, an optimal configuration model of combined energy storage capacity in wind farms based on CES service was established to minimize the total annual cost. Taking a wind farm in Germany as a case study, it is verified that the model in this paper can effectively reduce the cost, extend the service life of self‐built energy storage equipment and suppress the wind power fluctuations.
Black hole feeding and star formation in NGC 1808
Authors: Audibert A. , Combes F. , García-Burillo S. , Hunt L. , Eckart A. , Aalto S. , Casasola V. , Boone F. , Krips M. , Viti S. , Muller S. , Dasyra K. , van der Werf P. , Martín S.
Published: September 2021

We report on Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of CO(3−2) emission in the Seyfert2/starburst galaxy NGC 1808, at a spatial resolution of 4 pc. Our aim is to investigate the morphology and dynamics of the gas inside the central 0.5 kpc and to probe the nuclear feeding and feedback phenomena. We discovered a nuclear spiral of radius 1″ = 45 pc. Within it, we found a decoupled circumnuclear disk or molecular torus of a radius of 0.13″ = 6 pc. The HCN(4−3) and HCO+(4−3) and CS(7−6) dense gas line tracers were simultaneously mapped and detected in the nuclear spiral and they present the same misalignment in the molecular torus. At the nucleus, the HCN/HCO+and HCN/CS ratios indicate the presence of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The molecular gas shows regular rotation, within a radius of 400 pc, except for the misaligned disk inside the nuclear spiral arms. The computations of the torques exerted on the gas by the barred stellar potential reveal that the gas within a radius of 100 pc is feeding the nucleus on a timescale of five rotations or on an average timescale of ∼60 Myr. Some non-circular motions are observed towards the center, corresponding to the nuclear spiral arms. We cannot rule out that small extra kinematic perturbations could be interpreted as a weak outflow attributed to AGN feedback. The molecular outflow detected at ≥250 pc in the NE direction is likely due to supernovae feedback and it is connected to the kpc-scale superwind.
COVID-19 Detection using Chest X-Ray
Authors: Raheja Sagar , Chhabria Jatin , Wadhwa Gaurang , Ahuja Samay , Shrikant Yeole Anjali
Published: September 2021

Over the past few months, the exponential increase in COVID-19 cases has been overwhelming for many healthcare systems across the world. With 114 million cases globally as of 28th February 2021, with India itself having 11.1 million cases, it has challenged us with the testing, quarantine, and safety measures. Having limited testing kits, not all patients that have symptoms of respiratory illness can be tested using conventional techniques (RT-PCR). In this project, we propose the use of chest X-Ray to prioritize the selection of patients for further RT-PCR testing. It would also help in identifying patients with a high likelihood of COVID with a false negative RT-PCR who would wish to repeat testing. Further, we propose the utilization of recent AI techniques to detect the COVID-19 patients automatically using X-Ray images, particularly in settings where radiologists aren’t available, and help make the proposed testing technology scalable.
MPPT of PV System Under Partial Shading Conditions Based on Bio-inspired Swarm Intelligence Technique
Authors: Agdam Mohammed , Asbayou Abdallah , Elyaqouti Mustapha , Ihlal Ahmed , Assalaou Khaled
Published: September 2021

To respond to the increase in demand for electricity, the use of photovoltaics is growing considerably as it produces electrical energy without polluting the environment. In addition, to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic modules, an MPPT algorithm is required to follow the maximum voltage and maximum current in the IV curve. This technique can be achieved by using a DC-DC converter. For this purpose, various MPPT techniques have been developed. The combination of MPPT and DC-DC converter is implemented using Matlab/Simulink and connected to a modelled PV module to validate the simulation.
An Electronic Voting System adopting Blockchain: Interpretation, Characteristics and Investigation
Authors: Yacoubi Ahmed , Erraha Brahim , Asri Hiba
Published: September 2021

This article offers an E-voting (Electronic Voting) approach that ensures security, privacy, and transparency. We have decided to use the blockchain system. Blockchain technology lowers the cost of centralized Clouds, Datacenters, and Networking Equipment, decreases the need for middlemen, and provides data privacy and transparency; all of which are critical for a fair election.An Architecture and Algorithm are suggested for the blockchain-based voting system. An internet of things (IoT) based system is designed to exchange data from the electronic voting machine and the nodes. Furthermore, we introduced its features, and we concluded with some future investigations.
Managing family businesses in light of methodological assumptions for higher education
Authors: Dźwigoł-Barosz Mariola , Dźwigoł Henryk
Published: September 2021

Family businesses play a key role in the Polish economy, accounting for approx. 36 % of the MMSP sector. Development of family companies is connected with dilemmas regarding, among others, continuity and succession. In Polish business, a long-awaited moment of handing over the power and ownership to the next generation has appeared – the so-called generation of millennials, which is currently being educated at universities. The aim of this study is to identify areas of cooperation between universities and family businesses in the context of preparing potential successors to manage Polish family businesses at the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution. The article presents differences in the perception of the role of education in the succession process by successors and doyens of Silesian family enterprises on the basis of the author's own research. An attempt was made here to explain the divergence of opinions between the successors from the millennials generation and the representatives of the baby boomer generation (doyens). The main part of the study consists of a proposal of areas of academic education for future managers of family businesses under the conditions of Industry 4.0, including the use of educational methods adapted not only to requirements of the market, but also expectations of the millennials generation.
Sustainable development in higher education: Managing efficiency and effectiveness – a case of Ukraine
Authors: Levchenko Serhii
Published: September 2021

This article touches upon an issue of an impact of efficiency and effectiveness, which are the factors that ensuring sustainability of higher educational process in Ukraine. The article analyses the existing definitions of efficiency and effectiveness in the context of higher education, both those provided by the English dictionary, and in scholars’ terms. The author of this publication found that many of the authors’ definitions of effectiveness coincide in nature, on the basis of which the types of effectiveness were grouped. Also, the article identifies some areas of higher education reform, both Ukrainian and foreign experience. In addition, approaches to assessing the activities of free economic zones in the “TOP-200 Ukraine” and world rankings, in particular, uniRank, QS, NatureIndex, are analysed. The orientation of these ratings on the scientific process, without the orientation on student-centeredness, is revealed and the substantiation on the possibilities to improve both of them in Ukrainian higher education institutions (HEIs) with the orientation on student-centeredness is given, which helps to achieve Goal 4 of Sustainable Development.
Extinct
Authors: Gray Benjamin
Published: September 2021

Australia is home to an incredible diversity of native animals. While Australian animals are among the most unique in the world, they are also among the most endangered, with hundreds currently on the brink of extinction. We must act quickly if we are to save these species, as once gone, they are gone forever.

Extinct is a collection of artworks from established and emerging Australian fine artists, each depicting an Australian animal that has already, for various reasons, tumbled over the edge into extinction. Extinct laments their loss, but also celebrates their former existence, diversity and significance. The stunning artworks are accompanied by stories of each animal, highlighting the importance of what we have lost, so that we appreciate what we have not lost yet.

Extinct features artworks from Sue Anderson, Brook Garru Andrew, Andrew Baines, Elizabeth Banfield, Sally Bourke, Jacob Boylan, Nadine Christensen, Simon Collins, Lottie Consalvo, Henry Curchod, Sarah Faulkner, Dianne Fogwell, David Frazer, Martin George, Bruce Goold, Eliza Gosse, Simone Griffin, Johanna Hildebrandt, Miles Howard-Wilks, Nick Howson, Brendan Huntley, Ben Jones, Alex Latham, Rosemary Lee, Amanda Marburg, Chris Mason, Terry Matassoni, Rick Matear, Eden Menta, Reg Mombassa, Tom O'Hern, Bernard Ollis, Emma Phillips, Nick Pont, Geoffrey Ricardo, Sally Robinson, Anthony Romagnano, Gwen Scott, Marina Strocchi, Jenny Watson and Allie Webb.
Burrow use by bilbies in temperate South Australia
Authors: Berris Karleah K. , Cooper Steven J. B. , Breed William G. , Berris Joshua R. , Carthew Susan M.
Published: September 2021

Remnant natural populations of greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis) are confined to the Australian arid zone where bilbies construct and shelter in multiple burrows within their home range. We investigated burrow use behaviour of bilbies in a translocated population in temperate southern Australia to determine if behaviour differed in this climatic zone. Over a 12 month period, 43 adult bilbies at Venus Bay Conservation Park were spool-and-line tracked to 118 burrows. Active burrow density was 0.55 per ha, and bilbies at the site used multiple burrows (up to 13 for males and 8 for females) and regularly moved between diurnal burrows. Male bilbies had significantly larger burrow ranges (10.2 ± 5.8 ha, MCP100, mean ± s.d.) than females (2.6 ± 1.8 ha), and were similar in size to those recorded in an arid zone population. Males’ burrow ranges tended to overlap with the burrow range of multiple other males and females. The density of burrows in the current study suggests that bilby burrows were likely to have been a common landscape feature within the southern parts of the species range prior to their local extinction. Further research is needed to determine the impact of the loss of bilby burrows from southern Australia on other burrow commensal species.
Use of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits to identify sources of drought and heat tolerance in chickpea (
Authors: Bindra Shayla , Singh Inderjit , Singh Satinder , Kushwah Ashutosh , Gill B. S. , Salaria Sonia , Kapoor Karan , Grewal Satvir Kaur , Bharadwaj C. , Nayyar Harsh , Singh Sarvjeet
Published: September 2021

Productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under current climatic conditions is severely limited by water deficit and high temperatures, either alone or in combination. Breeding for improved tolerance, and increasing understanding of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying tolerance, are imperative for achieving yield stabilisation. We evaluated 36 chickpea genotypes including 21 interspecific derivatives (from the cross C. arietinum ICCV96030 × C. pinnatifidum IC525200), their parents, 10 elite genotypes, and three checks (drought tolerant, heat tolerant, drought and heat susceptible) under three environments: timely sowing with irrigation, timely sowing with drought stress, and late sowing leading to heat stress. Four parameters were considered: seed yield, proline content, membrane permeability index, and relative leaf water content. Although the average seed yield plummeted under both stresses, the impact of high temperature was more pronounced. Mean leaf water content declined, whereas membrane permeability index and proline content increased, under both stresses. Leaf water content showed a significant positive correlation with seed yield under all environments, and thus can be employed as an early-stage screening strategy in breeding programs for developing stress tolerant genotypes. Based on estimated stress susceptibility indices for seed yield, derivative line GLW605 was identified as a promising donor for both drought and heat tolerance. Additionally, three derivative lines (GLW607, GLW649, GLW677) were found tolerant to drought, and one derivative line (GLW669) showed tolerance to heat alone. Yield levels of the identified lines were statistically on par with respective tolerant checks. Results suggest that tolerance to drought and heat was successfully introgressed from the wild species, C. pinnatifidum, into the cultivated background. The promising derivative lines can be employed for developing multi-stress tolerant cultivars.
Abscisic acid stimulates wound suberisation in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) by regulating the production of jasmonic acid, cytokinin and auxin
Authors: Wei Xiaobo , Wei Xiaopeng , Guan Weiliang , Mao Linchun
Published: September 2021

Wounding induces a cascade of correlative physiological responses that lead to the repair of damaged tissue. In this study, the effect of wounding on suberin, endogenous hormones and their metabolic genes expression was observed during the wound healing of kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.). In addition, the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in wound suberisation was investigated by analysing the coordinated regulation between ABA and other hormones. The wound healing process in kiwifruit could be divided into two stages including: (1) initial accumulation of suberin polyphenolic (SPP) and long carbon chain suberin polyaliphatic monomers (LSPA) before 24 h; and (2) massive synthesis of SPP and very long carbon chain suberin polyaliphatic monomers (VLSPA) after 24 h. ABA content rapidly increased and induced the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis at the early stage of wound healing. ABA level gradually decreased with the expression of AchCYP707A genes, while the contents of trans-zeatin (t-ZT) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) steadily increased at the late stage of wound healing. Exogenous ABA stimulated JA and suberin monomers accumulation, but suppressed both t-ZT and IAA biosynthesis. The role of ABA in wound healing of kiwifruit might be involved in the coordination of both JA-mediated suberin monomers biosynthesis and t-ZT- and IAA-mediated formation of suberised cells via an interaction mechanism.
Quantum watermarking based on threshold segmentation using quantum informational entropy
Authors: Luo Jia , Zhou Ri-Gui , Hu Wen-Wen , Li YaoChong , Luo Gao-Feng
Published: September 2021

We propose a new quantum watermarking scheme based on threshold selection using informational entropy of quantum image. The core idea of this scheme is to embed information into object and background of cover image in different ways. First, a threshold method adopting the quantum informational entropy is employed to determine a threshold value. The threshold value can then be further used for segmenting the cover image to a binary image, which is an authentication key for embedding and extraction information. By a careful analysis of the quantum circuits of the scheme, that is, translating into the basic gate sequences which show the low complexity of the scheme. One of the simulation-based experimental results is entropy difference which measures the similarity of two images by calculating the difference in quantum image informational entropy between watermarked image and cover image. Furthermore, the analyses of peak signal-to-noise ratio, histogram and capacity of the scheme are also provided.
Parameter estimation of continuous variable quantum key distribution system via artificial neural networks
Authors: Luo Hao , Wang Yi-Jun , Ye Wei , Zhong Hai , Mao Yi-Yu , Guo Ying
Published: September 2021

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) allows legitimate parties to extract and exchange secret keys. However, the tradeoff between the secret key rate and the accuracy of parameter estimation still around the present CVQKD system. In this paper, we suggest an approach for parameter estimation of the CVQKD system via artificial neural networks (ANN), which can be merged in post-processing with less additional devices. The ANN-based training scheme, enables key prediction without exposing any raw key. Experimental results show that the error between the predicted values and the true ones is in a reasonable range. The CVQKD system can be improved in terms of the secret key rate and the parameter estimation, which involves less additional devices than the traditional CVQKD system.
Magnetic two-dimensional van der Waals materials for spintronic devices*
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xu Hongjun , Feng Jiafeng , Wu Hao , Yu Guoqiang , Han Xiufeng
Published: September 2021

Magnetic two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdWs) materials and their heterostructures attract increasing attentionin the spintronics community due to their various degrees of freedom such as spin, charge, and energy valley, which maystimulate potential applications in the field of low-power and high-speed spintronic devices in the future. This reviewbegins with introducing the long-range magnetic order in 2D vdWs materials and the recent progress of tunning their properties by electrostatic doping and stress. Next, the proximity-effect, current-induced magnetization switching, and the related spintronic devices (such as magnetic tunnel junctions and spin valves) based on magnetic 2D vdWs materials are presented. Finally, the development trend of magnetic 2D vdWs materials is discussed. This review provides comprehensive understandings for the development of novel spintronic applications based on magnetic 2D vdWs materials.
Formation of L10-FeNi hard magnetic material from FeNi-based amorphous alloys
Authors: Wang Yaocen , Hao Ziyan , Zhang Yan , Liang Xiaoyu , Bai Xiaojun , Cao Chongde
Published: September 2021

L10-FeNi hard magnetic alloy with coercivity reaching 861 Oe was synthesized through annealing Fe42Ni41.3Si8B4P4Cu0.7 amorphous alloy, and the L10-FeNi formation mechanism has been studied. It is found the L10-FeNi in annealed samples at 400 °C mainly originated from the residual amorphous phase during the second stage of crystallization which could take place over 60 °C lower than the measured onset temperature of the second stage with a 5 °C/min heating rate. Annealing at 400 °C after fully crystallization still caused a slight increase of coercivity, which was probably contributed by the limited transformation from other high temperature crystalline phases towards L10 phase, or the removal of B from L10 lattice and improvement of the ordering quality of L10 phase due to the reduced temperature from 520 °C to 400 °C. The first stage of crystallization has hardly direct contribution to L10-FeNi formation. Ab initio simulations show that the addition of Si or Co in L10-FeNi has the effect of enhancing the thermal stability of L10 phase without seriously deteriorating its magnetic hardness. The non-monotonic feature of direction dependent coercivity in ribbon segments resulted from the combination of domain wall pinning and demagnetization effects. The approaches of synthesizing L10-FeNi magnets by adding Si or Co and decreasing the onset crystallization temperature have been discussed in detail.
Comprehensive performance of a ball-milled La0.5Pr0.5Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2H
y
/Al magnetocaloric composite
Authors: Huang Jiao-Hong , Zhang Ying-De , Sun Nai-Kun , Zhang Yang , Zhao Xin-Guo , Zhang Zhi-Dong
Published: September 2021

Due to the hydrogen embrittlement effect, La(Fe,Si)13-based hydrides can only exist in powder form, which limits their practical application. In this work, ductile and thermally conductive Al metal was homogeneously mixed with La0.5Pr0.5Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2 using the ball milling method. Then hydrogenation and compactness shaping of the magnetocaloric composites were performed in one step via a sintering process under high hydrogen pressure. As the Al content reached 9 wt.%, the La0.5Pr0.5Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2H
y
/Al composite showed the mechanical behavior of a ductile material with a yield strength of ∼ 44 MPa and an ultimate strength of 269 MPa accompanied by a pronounced improvement in thermal conductivity. Due to the ease of formation of Fe–Al–Si phases and the several micron and submicron sizes of the composite particles caused by ball milling process, the magnetic entropy change of the composites was substantially reduced to ∼ 1.2 J/kg⋅K–1.5 J/kg⋅K at 0 T–1.5 T.
Vacuum-gap-based lumped element Josephson parametric amplifier
Authors: Wu Sishi , Zhang Dengke , Wang Rui , Liu Yulong , Wang Shuai-Peng , Liu Qichun , Tsai J S , Li Tiefu
Published: September 2021

We propose a lumped element Josephson parametric amplifier with vacuum-gap-based capacitor. The capacitor is made of quasi-floating aluminum pad and on-chip ground. We take a fabrication process compatible with air-bridge technology, which makes our design adaptable for future on-chip integrated quantum computing system. Further engineering the input impedance, we obtain a gain above 20 dB over 162-MHz bandwidth, along with a quasi quantum-limit noise performance. This work should facilitate the development of quantum information processing and integrated superconducting circuit design.
Entanglement spectrum of non-Abelian anyons
Authors: Wu Ying-Hai
Published: September 2021

Non-Abelian anyons can emerge as fractionalized excitations in two-dimensional systems with topological order. One important example is the Moore–Read fractional quantum Hall state. Its quasihole states are zero-energy eigenstates of a parent Hamiltonian, but its quasiparticle states are not. Both of them can be modeled on an equal footing using the bipartite composite fermion method. We study the entanglement spectrum of the cases with two or four non-Abelian anyons. The counting of levels in the entanglement spectrum can be understood using the edge theory of the Moore–Read state, which reflects the topological order of the system. It is shown that the fusion results of two non-Abelian anyons is determined by their distributions in the bipartite construction.
Microstructure evolution of Cu-Fe-based immiscible alloys prepared by powder metallurgy
Authors: Adam O , Jan V
Published: September 2021

The work is focused on the preparation of bulk immiscible Cu-Fe-based alloys by powder metallurgy. Three samples with chemical composition Cu70Fe30, Cu70Fe15Co15, and Cu50Fe25Co25 were prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS). Microstructure evolution during sintering and the effect of Co on the resulting microstructure and hardness of the bulk samples were evaluated. Despite the immiscibility of Cu with Fe and Co, the FCC supersaturated solid solution was formed upon mechanical alloying. This supersaturated solid solution was decomposed during SPS and fine microstructure, consisting of separated BCC and FCC phases, was formed. The results showed that cobalt influenced the particle size of milled powders as the particle size of Cu70Fe30 alloy was about an order of magnitude higher compared to other alloys. Cobalt also affected the resulting microstructure of bulk samples, however, its effect on the hardness was negligible. It has been shown that powder metallurgy can be used for the preparation of bulk immiscible alloys with the fine microstructure consists of separate phases, which can be individually alloyed by the selected elements, and therefore, powder metallurgy can be considered as a suitable alternative to the more used casting.
Influence of processing parameters and heat input level on the functional properties of atmospheric plasma sprayed Al2O3-3TiO2 commercial coating
Authors: Antoš J , Lencová K , Keslová A
Published: September 2021

This paper concerns the combined influence of spraying parameters and heat flux level during atmospheric plasma spraying process of commercial alumina-titania coating. One of the main industrial application of alumina-titania are wear and abrasion resistant protective thermally sprayed coatings. Commercial high throughput plasma torch with cascaded construction is used as the spraying equipment. Three sets of spraying parameters were used for the basic evaluation of their influence. Additionally, three levels of heat input during spraying process were added to some of those sets of parameters. Those heat input levels are called “cold”, “hot” and “extra hot” depending on the relative amount of direct heat input and maximum achieved surface temperature. Comparison of surface hardness, microstructure and especially abrasion resistance is carried out. Results confirmed that for successful design of such ceramic coatings, appropriate and sufficient heat input during spraying process into the complex of layer-substrate is required.
Analysis of structure and properties of multilayer polymer foil
Authors: Bilewicz Marcin
Published: September 2021

Light and cheap composites are the main goal of manufacturing in many branches. Polymers, containing low weight and high relative strength, are suitable materials as matrix of composites reinforced with different metallic or ceramic fillers in the shape of fibres, plates, blocks or other types. This work takes into consideration optimisation and manufacturing of multilayer foil with different composition. To obtain the film has been used advanced blow molding process equipped with three extruders feeding material to the machine. Feeding of material is precisely controlled through gravimetric dosimeters. Final product of this technology is the polymer film which is obtained as combination of three films adherent together in the advanced head of blow molding machine.
Analysis of deformation mechanisms in a textured AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Dittrich J , Čapek J , Knapek M , Minárik P
Published: September 2021

A combination of advanced in-situ and ex-situ methods providing complementary information was employed in order to reveal the active deformation mechanisms during deformation of a heavily textured commercial magnesium alloy AZ31. Three sets of samples for both compression and tension testing were prepared from the rolled sheet with respect to its identified strong basal texture – normal direction (ND), rolling direction (RD) and 45° between RD and ND. During both compressive and tensile deformation of these samples, the signal of acoustic emission (AE) was concurrently measured. Afterwards, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to study the microstructure after the selected stages of deformation. The EBSD analysis revealed that in the samples favourably oriented for extension twinning it played an important role during the plastic deformation, whereas its role in the unfavourably oriented samples was minor. This orientation and deformation mode dependency of extension twinning activation resulted in considerable differences in the deformation behaviour, which also influenced the AE response. A consistent link between the AE signal and the microstructural changes investigated by EBSD was established. Furthermore, to study the dynamics of plastic deformation and twin growth, high-speed camera footage of the sample surface was captured during compressive deformation. The obtained results were in complete accordance with the predicted behaviour, thus providing direct proof of the theory and extending the understanding of the deformation mechanisms.
Creep behaviour of ultrafine-grained CP titanium processed by multi-pass rolling
Authors: Dvorak J. , Kadomtsev A.G. , Betekhtin V.I. , Sklenicka V. , Kral P. , Kvapilova M.
Published: September 2021

Two commercially pure (CP) Ti heats containing the same total impurity content have been used under investigation. Both materials were subjected to the processing procedure method of severe plastic deformation (SPD). This procedure consists of two steps of hot rolling (at 673 K) and the final rolling step at ambient temperature. The difference in individual chemical contents of impurities resulted in two states, both with ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructures. For comparison reason, coarse-grained (CG) state was prepared by annealing of UFG state at temperature 823 K/1h. Microstructure investigations were performed using scanning electron microscope equipped with EBSD unit (SEM/EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Constant load tensile creep tests were conducted at temperature 673 K and applied uniaxial stress of 200MPa. Creep tests were run up to the final fracture of the creep specimens. The main objective of this work was to evaluate how the synergistic effect of SPD and the resulting microstructure affects the creep behaviour and properties of the studied materials.
Impact of semi-solid processing and cryogenic treatment on wear resistance of X210Cr12 tool steel
Authors: Hradil D , Duchek M , Jirková H , Rubešová K.
Published: September 2021

Semi-solid processing is type of process where metastable microstructure with carbide network may be obtained. Metastable austenite is embedded in carbide-austenite network even in ordinary tool steels. The paper describe semi-solid processing of the ledeburitic steel X210Cr12, with 2% carbon and 12% chromium. The semi-solid processing temperature was 1250 °C with dwell time 60 minutes. Two states for comparison were evaluated, with or without subsequent deformation. Another process used in this study is cryogenic treatment. Cryogenic treatment defined as an add-on process to conventional heat treatment, during which the material is brought to a temperature close to the liquid nitrogen temperature. The cryogenic treatment were used in this study for improving and comparing of impact on wear resistance combined with semi-solid processing. Wear resistance were evaluated based on pin-on-disc testing at ambient temperature.
Investigation of mechanical properties of secondary AlSi7Mg0.3 cast alloys before and after corrosion
Authors: Kuchariková L , Tillová E , Švecová I , Liptáková T.
Published: September 2021

The casting industry currently use about 35% of secondary (recycled) aluminum and about 65% of primary aluminum to meet their needs. The manufacturer wants to use the secondary aluminum alloys more and more, but these materials have the higher amount of the undesirable elements. The most negative element in such alloys is Fe. Although the corrosion current increased due to the presence of alloying elements in the matrix of aluminum alloys, the higher content of Fe (which led to increasing amount of Fe-rich phases) could affect the corrosion resistance. The basic metallography assessment of experimental materials microstructure confirm the higher amount of Fe-rich phases in secondary alloys. The results of mechanical properties shows that the higher content of Fe (also Fe-rich phases) does not lead to decreasing the mechanical properties. The similar results of mechanical properties were reached after corrosion attack with 3.5 wt. % NaCl. The assessment of corrosion attack confirmed the presence of pitting corrosion on experimental samples, which increase with increasing Fe content.
The influence of the temperature on the mechanical properties of Sanicro 25 steel
Authors: Sroka M
Published: September 2021

Austenitic steel 22Cr25NiWCoCu (Sanicro 25) is one of the newest and most promising steels for use in supercritical and ultra-supercritical power units. High resistance of Sanicro 25 steel to corrosion and oxidation in the steam atmosphere at up to 700 °C is ensured by chromium content at 21.5-23.5 wt%. Also, higher chromium content provides less mass decrement during high-temperature corrosion at 700 °C. Currently, the Sanicro 25 steel is characterised by the highest creep strength among the commercially used creep-resistant stainless steels. In this work, the study of precipitation processes and microstructure stability in the delivery state and after the ageing process in time up to 20,000 h at 750 °C was performed. Identification of secondary phases was performed using electron diffraction on thin films using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray phase composition analysis. Long-term ageing depending on time and temperature showed that there are four secondary phases in Sanicro 25: M23C6, MX, NbCrN, σ-phase and Cu_rich. The precipitation and increase in the size of secondary phase particles during ageing results in a decrease in matrix saturation with alloying elements, which leads to a reduction in hardening by solid solution mechanism. These processes and effects result in changes in mechanical properties. The alloy overageing effect observed for the ageing temperature of 750 °C results in obtaining strength properties similar to those of the steel in the as-received condition.
Influence of ceramic counter electrode on the properties of dye sensitized solar cell
Authors: Szindler M , Szindler M M , Drygala A , Borylo P , Domanski M
Published: September 2021

Dye sensitized solar cells consisting of a sandwich structure have been a topic outspread in the science for above twenty years and they start a new development trend in obtaining energy from the sun. One the examined aspects of their application is building-integrated photovoltaics. Despite the fact that the higher efficiency of energy conversion was obtained with this type of substrate, glass, due to the cost of production and energy consumption, is disadvantageous in the case of production on an industrial scale. The article presents the possibility of replacing a classic glass substrate with an counter electrode based on a building ceramic tile material. A dye sensitized solar cell was built layer by layer on the tile. A method of atomization was used to deposit fluorine doped tin oxide. After that, a thin layer of platinum was printed. It does not require the use of high temperatures, complicated devices and high costs. Scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope and Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the influence of the transparent conductive oxide layer on the photovoltaic properties of counter electrode tile. Electrical parameters of as prepared DSSCs with and without ceramic tile were characterized by measurements of current-voltage characteristics under standard AM 1.5 radiation. A dye sensitized solar cell integrated with building ceramic tile material was prepared successfully, which efficiency was over 4%.