bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIGRATION FEATURES OF HEAVY METALS IN FOREST LANDSCAPES
Authors: Kramareva Tat'yana , Gorbunova Nadezhda , Kulikova Elena
Published: January 2022

The use of field-protective forest plantations in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the Central Black Earth region is an effective reclamation technique. Forest belts reduce wind speed, reduce the harmful effects of dry winds. An important feature of forest belts is the accumulation and uniform distribution of snow in the fields. This leads to an improvement in the water balance, and at the same time to the transformation of soils. According to the data obtained, a significant reliable change in chernozems under the influence of forest belts in the conditions of the Kamennaya Steppe was revealed. There was a change in morphological characteristics, humus content, pH of the soil solution in chernozems under forest vegetation. This transformation entailed a change in the total content of HMs and their exchange compounds. There are changes in the profile redistribution of the studied HMs under tree crops. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship in the distribution of pH, humus, total content, and exchangeable HM compounds. Variational analysis of the spatial heterogeneity of the data obtained showed significant differences in the studied indicators between arable land and forest belt. There is a natural decrease in the coefficient of variation from the forest belt to arable land. This phenomenon occurs due to the fact that (in the process of plowing) mixing of the soil mass and leveling of spatial differences in the content of humus, pH, as well as the gross content and exchange compounds of HMs takes place. In the forest belt, soil conditions are determined by the vegetation, which makes the difference
On the Subject Complement and its Basic Types in Chinese
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Tong Huifen
Published: January 2022

Chinese subject complement has a very long history of existence since the West Han Dynasty. But as a grammatical term in Chinese, it is an unknown or unfamiliar concept. In fact, it always appears at the lower level of the predicate component and forms thesubject-predicate relationship with the subject as a logical category of stating and being stated. For example, the sentence "我们│打‖赢了球"can be converted to: "我们打球，我们赢了"(The winner is the subject "我们")(1)It goes without saying that the component of the original sentence "赢了球"is a subject complement. Because it is at the lower level of the predicate "打",and its logical relationship is directed to the sentence subject "我们"Compared to the components of subject complement, such as “完”in this sentence “我们│打完了‖球”（same as (1)）, it's very different that its logical relationship just points to the "打"which is used as a predicate verb. Therefore, the sentence cannot be converted in the above-mentioned manner; otherwise “我们打球，我们完了”.—It is funny, or really confusing for “完”in the sentence that means the end of life or the entry into a critical situation.
COVID-19’A İLİŞKİN AŞI KARARSIZLIĞINA ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLER: TÜRKİYE’DEN BİR ONLINE ANKET ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Mete Burak , Doğan Esra , Kanat Ceren , Pehlivan Erkan , Demirhindi Hakan
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı bireylerin COVID-19 konusunda aşı kararsızlığı tutumuna etki eden bazı demografik özellikler ile hastalık korkusu ve hijyen davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Bu araştırma kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi yöntemiyle 2021 yılında yapılmıştır. Çukurova ve İnönü Üniversiteleri Halk Sağlığı bölümü araştırmacıları tarafından tıp ve sağlık bilimleri öğrencilerinin mail adreslerine online anket formu gönderilmiştir ve her öğrencinin online platformlardan (mail, WhatsApp, İnstagram, Facebook) iletişimde olduğu kişilere anketi göndermesi istenmiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak, sosyodemografik bilgi anketi, COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ve altı alt boyutu olan COVID-19 Hijyen Ölçeği (C. alpha değerleri sırasıyla 0,88 ve 0,91 olan) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Binary lojistik regresyonu kullanılmıştır. Online anketimize katılan 1753 kişinin yaş ortalaması 31,60±14,79 (min=18 max=95)’dur. Ankete katılan 1753 kişinin %15,8’i COVID-19 hastalığını geçirmiştir ve sağlık meslek mensubu olan %18,3’ü COVID-19 aşısı olmuştur. Aşı yapılmamış olan kişiler için kurulan lojistik regresyon analiz modelinin bağımlı değişkeni aşı tutumudur. Modelde aşı yaptırmak istemeyen ve kararsızlar risk grubu olarak tanımlanmışlardır. Modele dahil edilen bağımsız değişkenlerden cinsiyet, eğitim, yaş, değişen hijyen davranışları, sosyal mesafe ve maske kullanımı, alışveriş hijyeni, dışardan eve gelince hijyenik davranışlara dikkat eme bağımlı değişkenle ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Kadınlarda aşı kararsızlığı riski 1,4 kat, lise altı eğitim seviyesinde olanlarda 1,4 kat, 65 yaş altı kişilerde 2,2 kat daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,001). Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 hastalığı korkusunun aşı tereddütünü tahmin etmede etkili olmadığı, sosyal mesafe ve maske kullanımının ve bazı hijyen davranışlarına uyumun aşı tereddüt riskini tahmin etmede etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
THE HEALTH AND SOCIAL STATUS OF THE ELDERLY: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Authors: Kılıç Mahmut , Uzunçakmak Tuğba
Published: January 2022

The rationale of the study is to determine the relationship between the health and social status of the elderly and the related factors. This study is cross-sectional. The data of the study were obtained from the n=1025 nursing care plan form of elderly who applied to the primary health care institutions in the city center of Yozgat in 2016-2017. The data were analyzed by Chi-Square test, binary, and multinominal logistic regression. Of the elderly who participated in the study, 47.8% were women, 72.3% were married, and 41.7% were in the 65-69 age group. 33.6% of the elderly are obese, 82.2% have a diagnosed health problem, the most common (53.5%) is hypertension, 80.3% use drugs, 40.4% use at least three drugs. They were stated that 39.3% of them fell after the age of 65. In the last 30 days, the elderly mostly experienced anxiety (22.9%), and anger was second (17.6%). It has been observed that the elderly mostly (74.5%) tend to worship in case of stress and distress, mostly (40.1%) go to neighbors in their spare time and 79.8% of them have good neighborly relations. The elderly who are women, not exercised, non-pursuit, and have high body mass index (BMI) are at higher risk of having at least two health problems. It has been determined that a great majority of the elderly have health problems, 2/5 of them took at least three drugs and fell after the age of 65. As a result, women, those who live sedentarily, and those with high BMI are at high risk for health.
SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KONDISI KERJA PEREMPUAN PEDAGANG MAKANAN KAKI LIMA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI JAKARTA
Authors: Yusuf Dionisius
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini membahas isu-isu pedagang perempuan di sektor makanan kaki lima di Indonesia, khususnya Jakarta. Tulisan penelitian mencoba menggambarkan gambaran demografis dan kondisi kerja perempuan pedagang makanan jajanan kaki lima di kota Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 100 wanita pedagang makanan kaki lima di kota Jakarta dengan berbagai metode dalam pengumpulan data. Kota Jakarta dipilih secara khusus karena jumlah perempuan pedagang makanan jajanan kaki lima yang meningkat pesat. Untuk memilih responden digunakan teknik purposive sampling. Observasi peneliti digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif, analisis Pearson dan Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan di kalangan perempuan pedagang makanan kaki lima, kelompok usia 20 sampai 50 tahun merupakan kelompok yang dominan di Jakarta. Sebagian besar vendor berpendidikan rendah. Mayoritas vendors beretnis Jawa dan berasal dari Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Mayoritas pedagang telah berkeluarga dengan 2-3 anak. Selanjutnya kehidupan sehari-hari perempuan pedagang kaki lima pada masa pandemi Covid-19 ditandai dengan kondisi kerja yang lebih buruk dibandingkan sebelum pandemi Covid-19 berlangsung, di mana 96% dari pedagang mengatakan pendapatannya menurun dari sebelum pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian juga menunjukkan rata-rata net income pedagang menurun lebih dari 30%.
System Coherence for Learning: Applications of the RISE Education Systems Framework
Authors: Kaffenberger Michelle , Spivack Marla
Published: January 2022

In recent decades, education systems in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have rapidly expanded access to schooling, but learning has lagged behind. There are many reasons for low learning in LMICs. Proximate determinants (such as insufficient financing or poor school management) receive much attention, but focus on these often ignores underlying system drivers. In this chapter we use a systems approach to describe underlying system dynamics that drive learning outcomes. To do so, we first describe the RISE education systems framework and then apply it to two cases. In the case of Sobral, Brazil, the systems framework illustrates how a coherent package of reforms, improving upon multiple system components, produced positive outcomes. In the case of Indonesia, a reform that increased teacher pay, but did not change underlying system dynamics, had no impact on learning. The chapter shows how a systems approach can help to understand success, diagnose failure, and inform action to bring about improvements to children’s learning.
Expert and analytical assessment of the safety and risk in analyzing the hazardous impact of techno-natural processes on the facilities and environment
Authors: Куранов Н.П. , Тимофеева Е.А.
Published: January 2022

В соответствии с общими положениями экспертно-аналитической методики оценки риска опасного воздействия техноприродных процессов различной природы на объекты и окружающую среду, предложена методика расчета рисков техноприродных процессов. Методика основана на детальном анализе материалов изысканий о степени опасности процессов и уязвимости объектов и окружающей среды, количественной оценке степени опасности и степени уязвимости с последующим использованием пробит-анализа для расчетов возникновения рисков. Для принятой в работе классификации уровней безопасности и уровней рисков определены критерии и найдены их значения, позволяющие оценивать уровни безопасности и рисков для различных опасных техноприродных процессов. Предложенная методика оценки рисков техноприродных процессов иллюстрируется более детальным исследованием классификации и оценки безопасности и рисков гидротехнических сооружений различных классов ответственности.

In accordance with the general provisions of the expert-analytical methodology for assessing the risk of hazardous impact of techno-natural processes of various origin on the facilities and environment, a method for calculating the risks of techno-natural processes is proposed. The method is based on a detailed analysis of research materials on the hazard level of processes and vulnerability of the facilities and environment, a quantitative assessment of the hazard level and degree of vulnerability, followed by the use of probit analysis to calculate the formation of risks. For the classification of safety and risk levels adopted for work, the criteria are determined and their values are defined that provide for assessing the levels of safety and risks of hazardous techno-natural processes of various origin. The proposed method for assessing the risks of techno-natural processes is illustrated by a more detailed study of the classification and assessment of the safety and risks of hydraulic engineering structures of different categories.
Improved design of the head of an emergency blowing well
Authors: Опрышко Б.А. , Швецов В.А. , Белавина О.А.
Published: January 2022

Предложена усовершенствованная конструкция оголовка, которая относится к области технических средств, предназначенных для предотвращения изливов из аварийных самоизливающихся скважин, не оборудованных соединительным фланцем, на водозаборах питьевых подземных вод. Использование оголовка по сравнению с аналогичными устройствами обеспечивает следующие преимущества: снижение металлоемкости примерно на 50%, снижение трудоемкости изготовления примерно на 80%. Испытания и внедрение оголовка предлагаемой конструкции проведены на поисково-разведочной скважине № 44 Быстринского месторождения подземных питьевых вод (Камчатский край).

An improved design of the head is proposed, that belongs to the technical means designed to prevent outflows from emergency blowing wells not equipped with a connecting flange at the drinking groundwater intakes. The use of the head, in comparison with similar devices, provides for the following advantages: a decrease in metal consumption by about 50%, a decrease in labor factory hours by about 80%. Testing and retrofitting the head of the proposed design were carried out at No. 44 exploratory well of the Bystrinskoe ground drinking water deposit (the Kamchatka Region).
Synthetic gypsum prepared from natural water coagulation sludge
Authors: Комаров М.А. , Камлюк Т.В.
Published: January 2022

Представлены результаты исследований получения гипса из отходов отработанной серной кислоты производства химических волокон и отходов кальцийсодержащего осадка коагуляции природных вод. При синтезе отработанной серной кислоты и осадка коагуляции образуется дигидрат сульфата кальция с заданными размерами и формой кристаллов, а также побочный продукт – фильтрат с высоким содержанием Mg, Na, S и Ca. Наличие данных элементов открывает возможность использования фильтрата в качестве микроудобрения, а наличие сульфата железа (около 11 масс. %) – в качестве коагулянта. Наличие железа в фильтрате также открывает перспективы его использования в качестве прекурсоров для получения каталитических материалов для фотокаталитической очистки сточных вод от растворенных органических веществ или получения сорбционных материалов для очистки сточных вод от нефтепродуктов. Железо в составе данных материалов позволит дополнительно придать им магнитные свойства, что облегчит их извлечение из обрабатываемых водных сред. Технико-экономический анализ показал, что при использовании фильтрата значительно повышается эффективность капиталовложений предлагаемого технологического процесса.

The results of studies on the preparation of gypsum from waste sulfuric acid from the production of chemical fibers, and calcium-containing waste sludge generated in the process of natural water coagulation, are presented. During the synthesis of spent sulfuric acid and coagulation sludge, calcium sulfate dihydrate with crystals of a given size and shape is formed, as well as a by-product – a filtrate with a high concentration of Mg, Na, S and Ca. The availability of these elements opens up the potential of using the filtrate as a microfertilizer, and ferrous sulfate (about 11 wt. %) as a coagulant. The availability of iron in the filtrate also opens up the doors to using it as a precursor for the production of catalytic materials for removing dissolved organic substances from wastewater by photocatalytic treatment, or for the production of sorption materials for removing oil products from wastewater. Iron in these materials will give them additional magnetic properties to enhance their extraction from the treated aqueous media. The technical and economic analysis showed that using the filtrate significantly increases the investment efficiency of the proposed technological process.
16 x 8 quantum dot array operation at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Lee Noriyuki , Tsuchiya Ryuta , Kanno Yusuke , Mine Toshiyuki , Sasago Yoshitaka , Shinkai Go , Mizokuchi Raisei , Yoneda Jun , Kodera Tetsuo , Yoshimura Chihiro , Saito Shinichi , Hisamoto Digh , Mizuno Hiroyuki
Published: January 2022

We developed a 16 x 8 quantum dot array and CMOS circuit hybrid chip (Q-CMOS). By optimizing the transistor design of Q-CMOS formed by fully depleted (FD)-SOI, it is possible to selectively control each of 16 x 8 quantum dots, and obtained characteristics of quantum dot variation for the first time. Due to the mesoscopic effect, the variation in the characteristics of the quantum dots is larger than the threshold voltage variation of the transistors. Thus, we have obtained an important finding that it is necessary to suppress the variability in order to realize a large-scale quantum computer. We have also confirmed that the characteristics of the quantum dots change depending on the applied gate voltages.
A CLINICAL STUDY ON FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS FOLLOWING EMERGENCY NONTRAUMATIC ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS
Authors: Karnasula Balaji , B Rakesh , Priya Tata Kamala
Published: January 2022

This study aims at nding out the common organisms responsible for surgical site infections following emergency non -
traumatic abdominal operations and their sensitivity patterns of the microorganisms were ascertained. Determination of
factors responsible for infections to reduce the infection rate and thereby reduce the morbidity and mortality. The patients admitted to various
surgical wards in KIMS General Hospital, who are operated for emergency non -traumatic abdominal operations are included in this study. A
proforma for study of all consecutive patients of emergency non-traumatic abdominal operations will be used. Culture and sensitivity of the
organism at the surgical site infection are documented. Various statistical and epidemiological parameters used will be are mean and standard
deviation. It was revealed that, overall surgical site infection rate was17.14 per cent. It was observed that among the various host factors studied
age, sex, and educational status of the patients were not statistically signicant, but presence of comorbidity played a signicant role in causing
SSI. Among the perioperative / environmental factors category of operations, types of incisions, and delay to initiate operation did not play
signicant role, but duration of operation and degree of wound contamination played statistically signicant role. It can be concluded from the
ndings of the study that microorganisms that are normal inhabitants of our body are mainly responsible for surgical site infection (SSI). Various
host factors like malnutrition, obesity, patients’ knowledge about hygiene, presence of co- morbidity etc. coupled with environmental factors
such as condition of the wounds, delay to initiate operation, duration of operation, prolonged exposure of peritoneal cavity to environment,
prophylactic use of antibiotics and factors associated with surgery like type of incision, type of operation greatly contribute to occurrences of
SSI. So, quality of surgical care including immediate assessment of patients, resuscitative measures, adequate preparation of patients and aseptic
environment are important for control of SSI.
ACCURACY OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Authors: Raju I.Bhaskara , Tejaswi Eppala , Goli Gopi Chandra
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: Acute appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency. The lifetime risk of developing
appendicitis he is approximately 7% and is usually required surgical treatment. The clinical diagnosis may be straight
forward in patients who present with classical signs and symptoms, atypical presentations may result in Diagnostic confusion and delay in
treatment. The delay in early diagnosis lead to disease prognosis, which lead to increase in morbidity of the patient.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in department of surgery, Maharajah's Institute Of Medical Sciences, during the
period of 1vyear. All patients operated for appendicectomy during that period were included. All the patients complete clinical history and
physical examination data were collected. All patients data with operative and discharge record were correlated with the case notes wherever
necessary
RESULTS: Even in the most experienced the hands the diagnosis of appendicitis can be challenging, and is predominantly a clinical one.
Accurate clinical history and physical examination are important to prevent unnecessary surgery and avoid complications. Probability of
appendicitis depends on age, clinical settings and symptoms. Application of Alvarado scoring system in diagnosis of appendicitis can provide
high degree of positive predictive value and thus diagnostic accuracy.
CONCLUSION: No symptom or sign maybe ascribed to acute appendicitis as patognomonic. Acute appendicitis in emergency setting may be
successfully rolled in with high accuracy based on lack of appetite, elevated WBC count. For successful diagnosis through assessment that
contains adequate evaluation of laboratory parameters in combination with clinical and radiological ndings.
CONGENITAL COLONIC ATRESIA PRESENTING AS PNEUMOPERITONEUM: A RARE CLINICAL ENTITY
Authors: Kandalgaonkar Ravikiran , Shetty Abhishek
Published: January 2022

Introduction:Colonic Atresia is the least common type of Intestinal Atresia which occurs as a result of ischemic necrosis
of a segment of large intestine.It presents with abdominal distention,bilious vomiting and failure to pass
meconium.Perforation leads to peritonitis and sepsis
Case Report:We describe a 3 day old male baby presenting with Colonic Atresia type IIIa and pneumoperitoneum and his surgical management
Conclusion:In conclusion, Colonic Atresia is managed by either by colostomy or primary anastomosis.Terminal ileostomy,as in this case is done
when there is Ascending Colon atresia with distal ileal perforation.
ULTRASOUND - A BLESSING FOR REGIONAL ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Sharma Nishchint , Choudhary Bharti
Published: January 2022

Use of USG in regional nerve blocks is increasing day by day. With the help of USG clinician can view real time image of
patient’s anatomy, which offers a new standard in nerve location and needle placement. It allows direct visualization of
local anesthetic spread around the nerve. USG guided nerve blocks allow reliable and safe anaesthesia and analgesia. USG is a blessing in a way
that, it offers high success rate with low complications, in regional nerve blocks.
SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR OF PROSTATE – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Shaila Shaila , C Aparna. , J Sowmiya. , A Geetha Sree.
Published: January 2022

Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT) of prostate is an unusual mesenchymal neoplasm. We report SFT in a 62 year-old man
which was clinically misdiagnosed as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The specimen of surgically resected two
prostate mass, we received were solid grey-white nodular on cut surface. Based on histopathological ndings and IHC assessment, a diagnosis of
SFT was made. In addition, we review the literature and discuss the challenging issues of misdiagnosis. The case is presented in view of its rarity.
MELASMA: A HOSPITAL BASED RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON CLINICOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE
Authors: Pandey Tanya , Ahire Pranjal , Someshwar Shylaja
Published: January 2022

Background: Melasma is a common, therapeutically challenging, psychological distressing, pigmentary disorder of sun
exposed skin.
Aim Of The Study: To study the clinical and epidemiological prole of melasma patients.
Materials And Methods: Tertiary care hospital retrospective study using data of melasma patients who attended the dermatology outpatient
clinic between February 2012 to May 2021. Study included 296 patients above 18 years. Demographic details were obtained from the pigment
clinic proforma.
Results: Mean age of 296 patients was 35.4 years, with female predominance (86.1%). Mean age at onset of melasma was 31.9 years.
Aggravation with sun exposure was noted in 64.2% cases. Family history was present in 15.2% cases while hypothyroidism in 3.4% cases. Malar
involvement was commonest (68.6%). Under Wood's lamp, epidermal type was commonest (57.4%). Cosmetic usage was present in 6.4% cases.
Pregnancy precipitation and pregnancy aggravation was noted in 16.5% and 9% females. 7.5% females reported OC pill usage.
Conclusion:This study showcases the multifaceted prole of patients aficted with melasma in a tertiary care hospital.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF UNSTABLE INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURE IN ELDERLY TREATED WITH BIPOLAR HEMIARTHROPLASTY AND DYNAMIC HIP SCRE
Authors: N Damor Sahil , Gandhi Shreyas
Published: January 2022

Trochanteric hip fractures in elderly patients have beneted from advances in internal xation. Early failure of internal
xation occurs however in a number of cases. The failure after internal xation had been due to initial fracture pattern,
communication, sub-optimal fracture xation and poor bone quality. The aim of this prospective comparative study is to analyze the short
term follow up results of unstable Intertrochanteric fractures in elderly treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty and dynamic hip screw (DHS)
xation.
Response to Tragedy: An Ethnography of Gully Erosion Threats in Three Communities in Edo State, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Okolocha C.F.
Published: January 2022

This paper took its departure from a research project on a new programme to address gully erosion and its effects in Auchi and Benin City, Edo State, southern Nigeria. No public policy or strategy to address gully erosion exists and previous government amelioration has been inconclusive. We gathered sociodemographic and other data on 1900 respondents with a questionnaire, interview and direct nonparticipant observation. Among others, we found that gully erosion affected mainly the poor and powerless segment of society; material poverty is underscored by ecological poverty and there is poverty of interventions to check the disaster. Several extant practices aggravate the disaster and there is no communal ameliorative response. We conclude that affected persons are alienated from governments and their environment. Dysfunctional behaviour, nonchalance in the face of disaster point to fatalism and anomie. New policy should address poverty, community education and planning to stem overurbanisation.
Community Policing and COVID-19 Safety Precautions: An Explanatory Study of Agbopa in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Haruna Ishola
Published: January 2022

Community policing means synergy between members of the public and police institutions to fight crimes. This could be deployed to address coronavirus pandemic that is currently threatening global peace and security. There are a number of safety precautions that are put in place to stem the spread of the deadly virus. One of the challenges of these measures is poor compliance. This leads to contact with the disease thereby putting pressure on scanty health facilities, crisis at the family level due to loss of breadwinners and loved ones. Hence, this paper assesses the role of community policing in enforcing COVID-19 safety precautions in a bid to mitigate the health emergency. The study adopts mixed research methods; data were sourced secondarily through the content analysis of peer-reviewed journals, edited text-books and online resources. The primary data were gotten by administering questionnaires on 364 respondents. Taro Yamane formula was used in arriving the sample size from the total population of 4,000 people. Frequency counts and correlation were used in primary data analysis. The two hypotheses tested led to rejection of null hypotheses and acceptance of alternative hypothesis. The test statistics are (P= 0.000, R= 0.144, 5%), (P=0.00. R= 0.098, 5%). Findings revealed that community policing approach significantly enhanced wearing of face masks, social distance in the schools, worship centres and during transportation. The study recommends effective collaborations among people at the grassroots to end COVID-19 pandemic. The paper will be useful to individuals, Community Development Associations, National Centre for Disease Control and other stakeholders.
The directionality of interjoint neural coupling in the impaired arm post stroke
Authors: Kim Dongwon , Koh Kyung , Baghi Raziyeh , Lo Li-Chaun , Zhang Chunyang , Zhang Li-Qun
Published: January 2022

Yet, little is known about the direction of abnormal coupling in conjunction with its degree between joints—muscles—of interest. In this study, we address the directionality of pathological neural couplings between joints, and variability in the degree of them, in the  upper  extremity  post  stroke.  To  evaluate  the  direction  of interjoint  coupling,  joint  motion  and  muscle  activity  in  an involuntary mode while another joint—muscle—was voluntarily activated were assessed in comparison to those made in a volitional mode, focusing on the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints. Overall, involuntary activation of the wrist flexor in the stroke group is observed  when  muscles  of  a  more  proximal  joint  voluntarily activate (p < 0.1 and p <0.05), while activation of the wrist flexor does not lead to involuntary activation of the shoulder muscles and elbow flexor, in comparison to the healthy group. In particular, in the  stroke  group  who  is  assumed  to  have  a  severe  loss  of  the corticospinal system, the wrist extensor is subordinately activated by those about the other joints voluntarily activated (p < 0.05) while it does not cause activations of those about the other joints. These findings indicate that stroke-caused synergies could be directional.
Allexivirus: review and perspectives
Authors: Mansouri Faten , Ryšánek Pavel
Published: January 2022

Allexivirus (Alphaflexiviridae) was first described in 1970 by Razvjazkina. Since then, Allexivirus species have been detected in many countries. Although this genus primarily infects plants in the Amaryllidaceae, other hosts include plants in the Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Orchidaceae. Thirteen Allexivirus species have been assigned. Eight of these infect Allium hosts, and these include: shallot virus X (ShVX), garlic virus A (GarV-A), garlic virus B (GarV-B), garlic virus C (GarV-C), garlic virus D (GarV-D), garlic virus E (GarV-E), garlic virus X (GarV-X), and garlic-mite filamentous virus (GarMbFV). Five have been described from non-Allium hosts, including blackberry virus E (BVE), vanilla latent virus (VLV), alfalfa virus S (AVS), Arachis pintoi virus (ApV), and Senna severe yellow mosaic virus (SSYMV). This review analyzes the taxonomic positions of the thirteen recognized species and four unassigned species (Allexivirus DS-2013/CZE isolate, shallot mite-borne latent virus (SMbLV), cassia mild mosaic virus (CaMMV), and papaya virus A (PaVA)). Based on the inspection of data, we have concluded that PaVA is an Allexivirus, DS-2013/CZE is an isolate of GarV-D, and SMbLV is an isolate of ShVX. Current knowledge of the host ranges, symptoms, genome structure and modes of transmission of these viruses is also summarized, and control measures employed against them are outlined.
The distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Americas is related to its main host (Persea americana), but with high potential for expansion
Authors: Ramírez-Gil Joaquín Guillermo , Morales-Osorio Juan Gonzalo , Peterson A. Townsend
Published: January 2022

Phytophthora cinnamomi is among the most destructive plant pathogens that affect many host plants in different ecosystems. Economically important hosts of this pathogen include avocado (Persea americana), and this oomycete may cause large-scale destructive epidemics. This study analyzed the potential geographic distribution of P. cinnamomi (pathogen) and avocado (host), and distribution of the pathogen in relation to multiple hosts in the Americas. Niche overlap between hosts and pathogen were also evaluated, using a multistep process of ecological niche modelling and the MaxEnt algorithm. Niche similarity among pathogen populations in different hosts and related niche similarity were also examined. As a complement, a tool was designed to visualize the risk of this pathogen in avocado. Results showed that the pathogen was randomly distributed in the avocado niche environmental space, but the niche of the pathogenwas narrower than  that of its principal host. The niche of the pathogen was largely a function of the host niches. Areas with potential to grow avocado could present low risk of P. cinnamomi, but given the invasiveness of this pathogen, they may be affected in the future.
Sternbergia lutea, a new host of Narcissus late season yellows virus
Authors: Ágoston János , Almási Asztéria , Salánki Katalin , Palkovics László
Published: January 2022

In autumn 2017, autumn daffodil plants with yellow-green stripes on the leaves were observed at a botanical garden in Budapest, Hungary. Indicator plants were inoculated, but symptoms did not develop. RT-PCR tests of the indicator plants were also negative for the viruses. Potyvirus specific ACP-ELISA and RT-PCR were carried out on the symptomatic S. lutea leaf samples. RT-PCR with universal potyvirus primers resulted in one, approx. 1700 base pair PCR product. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the coat protein demonstrated 98.78-99.51% identity with three Japanese isolates of Narcissus late season yellows virus. While unidentified potyvirus infection of autumn daffodil has been previously reported, sequence data have not been published. Therefore, this is the first report of Sternbergia lutea as a host of Narcissus late season yellows virus.
Assessment of weed root extracts for allelopathic activity against Orobanche and Phelipanche species
Authors: Fernández-Aparicio Mónica , Cimmino Alessio , Soriano Gabriele , Masi Marco , Vilariño Susana , Evidente Antonio
Published: January 2022

Broomrapes (Orobanche and Phelipanche species) are holoparasitic weeds that infect roots of crop hosts from Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae. The parasitic weeds are difficult to control selectively without crop damage once attached to their roots. Identification of natural compounds with herbicidal activity against pre-attached broomrape stages can provide control alternatives. With the aim to identify plant species with efficacy for broomrape control, organic and residual aqueous phase extracts from roots of seventeen weed species common in south Spanish broomrape-infested fields were assessed as potential inducers of suicidal broomrape germination and as inhibitors of broomrape radicle growth. Assessments were carried out in vitro using seeds and seedlings of four noxious broomrape species, Orobanche crenata Forsk., Orobanche cumana Wallr., Orobanche minor Sm. and Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel. While root extracts from all the weed species did not induce suicidal germination on O. crenata seeds, most of the extracts induced germination of P. ramosa except for those obtained from Amaranthus albus L., Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. Moderate levels of germination activity were induced in O. cumana and O. minor seeds by some of the root extracts tested, with strongest induction obtained from Heliotropium europaeum L. on O. cumana seeds, and from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. on O. minor seeds. For root extract inhibition of broomrape radicles, the extract from C. arvensis roots strongly inhibited radicles of all the broomrape species. While extracts from the other weed species induced low or negligible inhibition of O. cumana and O. crenata radicle growth, many inhibited P. ramosa and O. minor radicles. Exceptions were root extracts from Datura stramonium L., Heliotropium europaeum L., Malva sylvestris L., Solanum nigrum L. and Urtica dioica L., which did not inhibit P. ramosa radicles, and those from A. retroflexus, Datura stramonium L., Malva sylvestris L., Portulaca oleracea L. and S. nigrum, which did not inhibit O. minor radicles. Among the active organic extracts assessed, those showing promising chemical profiles were selected for future studies to characterize natural compounds with potential herbicidal activity on early stages of broomrape growth.
Dissemination of esca-related pathogens in German vineyards: do arthropods play roles in vectoring spores?
Authors: Kalvelage Elisa Maria , Ralf Thomas Voegele  , Michael Fischer
Published: January 2022

Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) such as esca challenge viticulture. The main fungal agents of Petri disease or young esca, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch), diverse Phaeoacremonium species (Pm spp.) and Cadophora luteo-olivacea (Clo), are transmitted to pruning wounds of vines by rain splashes and air currents. Arthropod-mediated dispersal is another possibility for the pathogens to reach pruning wounds. The present study was the first to evaluate possible involvement of arthropods in the dissemination process of esca-related pathogens in German vineyards. Diversity of arthropods on grapevine trunks was determined in 2019 and 2020, using cardboard traps mounted on vine trunks. Captured arthropods were surveyed for the presence of esca-related pathogens on their exoskeletons by using a nested multiplex PCR. In total, 2099 arthropods were examined, of which 35% were positive for Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch), 21% for Phaeoacremonium spp. (Pm), and 7% for Cadophora luteo-olivacea (Clo). Earwigs and spiders were the most prevalent trapped arthropods; Pch was detected on 27% of earwigs and 38% of spiders, Pm spp. on 17 and 19%, and Clo on 3 and 8% of these arthropods. In both years, arthropods carrying the pathogens were already present in April, and therefore within the presumed susceptibility phase of pruned vines. These results indicate involvement of arthropods in the dispersal of esca-related pathogens in German vineyards. Further research, particularly to determine the infection potential of insect-borne fungi, is needed to confirm transmission risk. These results underline the importance of protecting vine pruning wounds to prevent host invasion by GTD pathogens.
Structure analysis of the ribosomal intergenic spacer region of Phaeoacremonium italicum as a study model
Authors: Laidani Meriem , Raimondo Maria Luisa , D'Onghia Anna Maria , Carlucci Antonia
Published: January 2022

Increasing recognition of novel Phaeoacremonium species, and their recent taxonomic reassignment through phylogeny based on the β-tubulin and actin genes, have highlighted the presence of paraphyly, intraspecific variation, and incongruence of some Phaeoacremonium species. This study investigated the intergenic spacer rDNA regions of a representative collection of 31 Phaeoacremonium italicum strains, and compared their structures with those of the closest related species, Phaeoacremonium alvesii and Phaeoacremonium rubrigenum. These intergenic spacer sequences had five categories of repeat elements that were organised into distinct patterns. Morphological analyses of the P. italicum strains provided a more detailed description of P. italicum. The phylogenetic tree constructed using the intergenic spacer sequences compared with that obtained by combined analysis of β-tubulin and actin sequences indicated that the intergenic spacer rDNA region distinguished intraspecific and interspecific variations. Further molecular studies are required to determine whether intergenic spacer sequences can improve precision in defining Phaeoacremonium phylogeny, and prevent misidentification and the introduction of vague species boundaries for the genus.
Trauma: herstel in eigen hand. 8 sleutels om je leven te herwinnen
Authors: Rothschild Babette
Published: January 2022

Safe and effective principles and strategies for recovery from trauma. Trauma recovery is tricky; however, there are several key principles that can help make the process safe and effective. This book gives self help readers, therapy clients, and therapists alike the skills to understand and implement eight keys to successful trauma healing: mindful identification of what is helpful, recognizing survival, having the option to not remember, creating a supportive inner dialogue, forgiving not being able to stop the trauma, understanding and sharing shame, finding your own recovery pace; mobilizing your body, and helping others. This is not another book promoting a new method or type of treatment; rather, it is a necessary adjunct to self-help and professional recovery programs. After reading this book, readers will be able to recognize their own individual needs and evaluate whether those needs are being met. They will have the tools necessary to put themselves in the drivers seat, navigating their own safe road to recovery.
Woman’s Resistance as Seen in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea
Authors: Latumeten Anna Anganita Theresia
Published: January 2022

This paper focuses on the depictions of the mad woman figure in two novels, Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë and Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys. Using comparative literature, both texts are seen in the light of woman’s resistance as depicted by the characters “Bertha Mason” and “Antoinette Cosway” from Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea, respectively. The novels used in this descriptive study are the primary texts. The findings show how Wide Sargasso Sea shows woman’s resistance when being compared to Jane Eyre, giving the mad woman character a voice on her own and showing an attempt to free herself from the forms of domination she experiences.
Metaphor and Simile as Expressions of Emotion Portrayed in the Novel The Devil Wears Prada
Authors: Jie Kevin
Published: January 2022

The research aims to analyze metaphor and simile as the expression of emotion portrayed in the novel The Devil Wears Prada by Lauren Weisberger. The objectives of this research are to identify the tenor of metaphor and the simile within the novel and to analyze metaphor and the simile to express the expression of emotion within the novel. The theory used in this research is the semantic theory by Geoffrey Leech about the figurative language  The method used in this research is the qualitative descriptive way. The data contained in this research is divided into primary and secondary data. Primary data is the novel The Devil Wears Prada, and the secondary data are sourced from the articles, journals, e-books, books, and other references related to this research. The researcher found several types of figurative language such as metaphor and simile within the novel. Each of the figurative languages expresses the expression of emotion such as happy emotion, angry emotion, fear emotion, and love emotion. The research shows that metaphor is the most frequent type of figurative language found and the most frequent type of figurative language that expresses the emotion within the novel.
The Optimism as Self-actualization Fulfillment in the Novel Pollyanna
Authors: Antung Azni Rizka Anandari , Hafsah Siti , Janah Ulum
Published: January 2022

This research aims to analyze the role of optimism towards self-actualization fulfillment in the novel Pollyanna by Eleanor H.Porter. The objective of this research is to identify the reflection of optimism obtained. The theory used in this research is the Optimism approach and the Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow. This research uses the qualitative descriptive method in the analysis of the novel. The researcher found the reflection of optimism and the basic need obtain in order to fulfill self-actualization. There are categorized the existence, help, happiness, and joyfulness which as the optimism reflection that became impact in self-actualization fulfillment of the main character.
Analisis Potensi Objek Wisata Pantai Binalatung Kota Tarakan Provinsi Kalimantan Utara
Authors: MUHAMMAD ILHAM
Published: January 2022

Abstrak

Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang bisa di andalkan dalam meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) suatu wilayah. Kota Tarakan memiliki kondisi geografis kepulauan yang menjadikan kawasan pesisinya berpotensi untuk dijadikan tujuan wisata, yaitu wisata pantai. Kota Tarakan memiliki dua pantai yang menjadi tempat wisata, yaitu Pantai Amal dan Pantai Binalatung. Namun, kondisi pantai kurang terawatt dan kurang ramai pengunjung. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi objek wisata Pantai Binalatung berdasarkan 4 komponen pariwisata, yaitu Attraction (atraksi), Accessibility (aksesibilitas), Amenity (fasilitas), dan Ancillary (pelayanan tambahan). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada 6 informan melalui teknik purposive sampling, observasi lapangan, dokumentasi, dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data interaktif, meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pantai Binalatung sudah memiliki atraksi wisata yang menarik, namun dari komponen aksesibilitas, amenitas, dan pelayanan tambahan terkait kelembagaan pariwisata perlu ditingkatkan kondisinya untuk memperkuat citra objek wisata Pantai Binalatung. Pantai Binalatung berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi objek wisata unggulan di Kota Tarakan karena keindahan pantai dan keanekaragaman hayati yang dimiliki oleh laut Binalatung, namun perlu ada peningkatan kualitas aksesibilitas, fasilitas, dan keterlibatan aktif dari para pemangku kepentingan untuk mempromosikan dan mengelola pantai.

 

Kata Kunci:  Komponen Pariwisata, Pantai Binalatung, Potensi Wisata
Kondisi Kawasan Rawan Bencana Tsunami Di Kecamatan Muncar
Authors: Moch. Shofwan  , Yoga Pratama
Published: January 2022

Abstrak

Kecamatan Muncar merupakan kawasan pesisir yang masuk dalam zona inti pengembangan Kawasan Minapolitan dan memiliki jumlah penduduk terbesar kedua di Kabupaten Banyuwangi, serta merupakan Kawasan Rawan Bencana Tsunami. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi karakterisitik penggunaan lahan dan menganilisis tingkat risiko zona kawasan rawan bencana tsunami serta menganalisis pengaruh kawasan rawan bencana tsunami terhadap penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Muncar. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi lapangan dan studi literatur serta menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik persentase dan overlay union.

Kata Kunci : penggunaan lahan, tsunami, zona rawan tsunami
Qualidade de vida das mulheres portadoras de câncer ginecológico assistidas pelo profissional enfermeiro
Authors: Lins de Morais Silva Juliana , Scolfild Rodrigues da Silva Liniker , Rodrigues da Silva Darley , Victória Silva dos Santos Elízia , Henrique Fernandes de Melo Afonso , Daniely Rodrigues Ferreira Mayk
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Analisar, segundo a literatura científica a qualidade de vida das portadoras de câncer ginecológico, com foco no câncer de mama comparado ao câncer de colo de útero, assistidas pelo profissional enfermeiro. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática. Realizou-se a busca por artigos; publicados nos últimos dez anos (2009 a 2019); nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol; disponíveis na íntegra. Foram consultadas as seguintes plataformas de dados: BDENF, LILACS e MEDLINE. Os dados foram organizados e apresentados em figuras e tabelas. Resultados: Dos 79 estudos encontrados, 4 estavam disponíveis na BDENF; 5 na LILACS; e 70 na MEDLINE; contudo, após a leitura permaneceram apenas os que atendiam aos critérios para inclusão e exclusão descritos na metodologia, totalizando 7 estudos. Conclusão: Foi possível perceber a importância de um tratamento de qualidade, buscando uma capacitação entre os profissionais de saúde, destacando a necessidade de investimentos nos componentes de estrutura, processo e resultado.