bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time series analysis of the air pollution around Ploiesti oil refining complex, one of the most polluted regions in Romania
Authors: Bodor Katalin , Szép Róbert , Bodor Zsolt
Published: July 2022

Refineries and petrochemical industries are known to be the principal sources of emissions for a number of air pollutants, such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), greenhouse gases and particulate matter, which negatively affect the air quality. The primary goal of this research was the time series analysis of PM2.5, PM10, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, CO, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2 and O3 over an eleven-year period (2009–2019) and the connection between air pollution and meteorological parameters (air temperature, precipitation quantity and relative humidity). Regarding the pollution level of the major pollutants, the minimum pollution levels, except SO2 and O3, were recorded during warmer periods, meanwhile increased levels, were detected during the cold period (in winter). The air pollutants’ concentration and distribution are affected by meteorological parameters, such as wind speed and direction, rainfall or even relative humidity. Therefore, the highest concentrations in the winter season were 1.25 times higher than in autumn, 1.3 times higher than the average annual value, 1.57 times higher than in spring and 1.79 times higher than in summer. Monthly variation of O3 showed lower concentration during winter (27.62 µg/m3) and higher in summer (46.42 µg/m3). Based on the statistical analysis, a significant Spearman correlation was detected between the studied air pollutants and meteorological parameters, and according to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, some common sources were also detected.
Comparison of the efficacies of 1.0 and 1.5 mm silicone tubes for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Nakamura Jutaro , Kamao Tomoyuki , Mitani Arisa , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Shiraishi Atsushi
Published: July 2022

This retrospective observational study analyzed the postoperative outcomes of bicanalicular intubation using different diameters of tube stents for treating postsaccal nasolacrimal duct obstruction. A total of 130 patients diagnosed with postsaccal obstruction who underwent endoscopic-assisted silicone tube intubation were included in the study. Patients intubated with a 1.5-mm large-diameter tube were designated as the LD group, and those with a 1.0-mm normal-diameter tube were designated as the ND group. The patency rates of the two groups at 1 year after tube removal were compared using the Kaplan–Meier curve and restricted mean survival time (RMST) method with τ = 365 days. Results demonstrated that the recurrence rate after tube removal was significantly lower in the LD group as compared with the ND group (p = 0.001). The patency rates at 1 year after removal in the LD and ND group were 85.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75.4, 91.9) and 73.9% (95% CI: 61.7, 82.8), respectively. When comparing the patency rates by the RMST method at τ = 365 days, the RMST difference, RMST ratio, and RMTL ratio were higher in the LD group at p = 0.045, 0.052, and 0.046, respectively.
O-terminated interface for thickness-insensitive transport properties of aluminum oxide Josephson junctions
Authors: Shan Zheng , Gou Xuelian , Sun Huihui , Wang Shuya , Shang Jiandong , Han Lin
Published: July 2022

Alumina Josephson junction has demonstrated a tremendous potential to realize superconducting qubits. Further progress towards scalable superconducting qubits urgently needs to be guided by novel analysis mechanisms or methods to reduce the thickness sensitivity of the junction critical current to the tunnel barrier. Here, it is first revealed that the termination mode of AlOx interface plays a crucial role in the uniformity of critical current, and we demonstrate that the O-terminated interface has the lowest resistance sensitivity to thickness. More impressively, we developed atomically structured three-dimensional models and calculated their transport properties using a combination of quantum ballistic transport theory with first-principles DFT and NEGF to examine the effects of the Al2O3 termination mode and thickness variations. This work clarifies that O-terminated interface can effectively improve the resistance uniformity of Josephson junction, offering useful guidance for increasing the yield of fixed-frequency multi-qubit quantum chips which require tight control on qubit frequency.
Deep learning accurately classifies elbow joint effusion in adult and pediatric radiographs
Authors: Huhtanen Jarno T. , Nyman Mikko , Doncenco Dorin , Hamedian Maral , Kawalya Davis , Salminen Leena , Sequeiros Roberto Blanco , Koskinen Seppo K. , Pudas Tomi K. , Kajander Sami , Niemi Pekka , Hirvonen Jussi , Aronen Hannu J. , Jafaritadi Mojtaba
Published: July 2022

Joint effusion due to elbow fractures are common among adults and children. Radiography is the most commonly used imaging procedure to diagnose elbow injuries. The purpose of the study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of deep convolutional neural network algorithms in joint effusion classification in pediatric and adult elbow radiographs. This retrospective study consisted of a total of 4423 radiographs in a 3-year period from 2017 to 2020. Data was randomly separated into training (n = 2672), validation (n = 892) and test set (n = 859). Two models using VGG16 as the base architecture were trained with either only lateral projection or with four projections (AP, LAT and Obliques). Three radiologists evaluated joint effusion separately on the test set. Accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1 measure, Cohen’s kappa, and two-sided 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Mean patient age was 34.4 years (1–98) and 47% were male patients. Trained deep learning framework showed an AUC of 0.951 (95% CI 0.946–0.955) and 0.906 (95% CI 0.89–0.91) for the lateral and four projection elbow joint images in the test set, respectively. Adult and pediatric patient groups separately showed an AUC of 0.966 and 0.924, respectively. Radiologists showed an average accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, and AUC of 92.8%, 91.7%, 93.6%, 91.07%, 91.4%, and 92.6%. There were no statistically significant differences between AUC's of the deep learning model and the radiologists (p value > 0.05). The model on the lateral dataset resulted in higher AUC compared to the model with four projection datasets. Using deep learning it is possible to achieve expert level diagnostic accuracy in elbow joint effusion classification in pediatric and adult radiographs. Deep learning used in this study can classify joint effusion in radiographs and can be used in image interpretation as an aid for radiologists.
Integrating digital pathology and mathematical modelling to predict spatial biomarker dynamics in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hutchinson L. G. , Grimm O.
Published: July 2022

In oncology clinical trials, on-treatment biopsy samples are taken to confirm the mode of action of new molecules, among other reasons. Yet, the time point of sample collection is typically scheduled according to 'Expert Best Guess'. We have developed an approach integrating digital pathology and mathematical modelling to provide clinical teams with quantitative information to support this decision. Using digitised biopsies from an ongoing clinical trial as the input to an agent-based mathematical model, we have quantitatively optimised and validated the model demonstrating that it accurately recapitulates observed biopsy samples. Furthermore, the validated model can be used to predict the dynamics of simulated biopsies, with applications from protocol design for phase 1–2 studies to the conception of combination therapies, to personalised healthcare.
Suppression without inhibition: how retinal computation contributes to saccadic suppression
Authors: Idrees Saad , Baumann Matthias-Philipp , Korympidou Maria M. , Schubert Timm , Kling Alexandra , Franke Katrin , Hafed Ziad M. , Franke Felix , Münch Thomas A.
Published: July 2022

Visual perception remains stable across saccadic eye movements, despite the concurrent strongly disruptive visual flow. This stability is partially associated with a reduction in visual sensitivity, known as saccadic suppression, which already starts in the retina with reduced ganglion cell sensitivity. However, the retinal circuit mechanisms giving rise to such suppression remain unknown. Here, we describe these mechanisms using electrophysiology in mouse, pig, and macaque retina, 2-photon calcium imaging, computational modeling, and human psychophysics. We find that sequential stimuli, like those that naturally occur during saccades, trigger three independent suppressive mechanisms in the retina. The main mechanism is triggered by contrast-reversing sequential stimuli and originates within the receptive field center of ganglion cells. It does not involve inhibition or other known suppressive mechanisms like saturation or adaptation. Instead, it relies on temporal filtering of the inherently slow response of cone photoreceptors coupled with downstream nonlinearities. Two further mechanisms of suppression are present predominantly in ON ganglion cells and originate in the receptive field surround, highlighting another disparity between ON and OFF ganglion cells. The mechanisms uncovered here likely play a role in shaping the retinal output following eye movements and other natural viewing conditions where sequential stimulation is ubiquitous.
Lymphocyte subsets in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) interrogated by single-cell sequencing
Authors: Guslund Naomi Croft , Krabberød Anders K. , Nørstebø Simen F. , Solbakken Monica Hongrø , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Johansen Finn-Eirik , Qiao Shuo-Wang
Published: July 2022

Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) has lost themajor histocompatibility complex class IIpresentation pathway. We recently identified CD8-positive T cells, B cells, and plasma cells in cod, but further characterisation of lymphocyte subsets is needed to elucidate immune adaptations triggered by the absence of CD4-positive T lymphocytes. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to examine the lymphocyte heterogeneity in Atlantic cod spleen. We describe five T cell subsets and eight B cell subsets and propose a B cell trajectory of differentiation. Notably, we identify a subpopulation of T cells that are CD8-negative. Most of the CD8-negative T lymphocytes highly express the homologue ofmonocyte chemotactic protein 1b, and another subset of CD8-negative T lymphocytes express the homologue of the scavenger receptorm130. Uncovering the multiple lymphocyte cell sub-clusters reveals the different immune states present within the B and T cell populations, building a foundation for further work.
Biocides and techniques for their encapsulation: a review
Authors: Arzani Fernanda A. , dos Santos João H. Z.
Published: July 2022

Biocides are used against microbiological damage. Encapsulation can increase their physicochemical stability and allow for controlled release. The characteristics of the biocides influences the encapsulation methods and are related here.
Defective CuO-rich CuFe2O4 nanofibers enable the efficient synergistic electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia
Authors: Zhu Hexin , Dong Shuyue , Du Xiangning , Du Hongting , Xia Jiaojiao , Liu Qian , Luo Yongsong , Guo Haoran , Li Tingshuai
Published: July 2022

CuO-rich CuFe2O4 nanofibers with oxygen vacancies as a NO3−RR catalyst achieve a high Faradaic efficiency of 91.08% and a large NH3 yield of 9296.21 μg h−1 cm−2 at −1.0 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M PBS with 0.1 M NO3−.
Experimental and computational investigation on the formation pathway of [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR′)2] (E = S, Se, Te; R, R′ = Me, Ph) from [RuCl2(CO)3]2 and ERR′
Authors: Taimisto Marjaana , Bajorek Tom , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Pakkanen Tapani A. , Oilunkaniemi Raija , Laitinen Risto S.
Published: July 2022

The formation of the series of [RuCl2(CO)2(ERR′)2] (E = S, Se, Te; R, R′ = Me, Ph) complexes from [RuCl2(CO)3]2 and ERR′ have been investigated experimentally in THF and CH2Cl2, and computationally by PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP calculations.
ZnO/ZnS heterostructure with enhanced interfacial lithium absorption for robust and large-capacity energy storage
Authors: Dong Chenlong , Zhang Xilin , Dong Wujie , Lin Xueyu , Cheng Yuan , Tang Yufeng , Zhao Siwei , Li Guobao , Huang Fuqiang
Published: July 2022

Engineering a heterostructured conversion-alloying anode by coupling metal oxides with corresponding sulfides endows enhanced interfacial lithium adsorption for large-capacity energy storage.
Geological storage of hydrogen in deep aquifers – an experimental multidisciplinary study
Authors: Haddad P. G. , Ranchou-Peyruse M. , Guignard M. , Mura J. , Casteran F. , Ronjon-Magand L. , Senechal P. , Isaure M.-P. , Moonen P. , Hoareau G. , Dequidt D. , Chiquet P. , Caumette G. , Cezac P. , Ranchou-Peyruse A.
Published: July 2022

This first multidisciplinary study simulating the H2 arrival in deep aquifers used as geological storage shows the importance of microorganisms.
Heterogeneous reaction of toluene/NO2/O3 on α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles: the impacts of O3, light illumination, and relative humidity on the formation of N-containing organic compounds (NOC)
Authors: He Xiang , Ma Zhicheng , Xi Xi , Kudesi Aiyilaiti , Wang Juanmei
Published: July 2022

Light illumination can enhance the NOC formation from heterogeneous processes of toluene whereas water cannot.
Chili pepper extends lifespan in a concentration-dependent manner and confers cold resistance on Drosophila melanogaster cohorts by influencing specific metabolic pathways
Authors: Semaniuk Uliana V. , Gospodaryov Dmytro V. , Strilbytska Olha M. , Kucharska Alicja Z. , Sokół-Łętowska Anna , Burdyliuk Nadia I. , Storey Kenneth B. , Bayliak Maria M. , Lushchak Oleh
Published: July 2022

Chili powder in concentrations of 0.04–0.12% extended median lifespan in fruit flies by 9–13%. The metabolic changes in chili-fed flies was depended on gender. Chili-fed individuals had higher resistance to stress induced by cold.
Dysregulation of intestinal flora: excess prepackaged soluble fibers damage the mucus layer and induce intestinal inflammation
Authors: Chen Kaiyang , Man Shuli , Wang Hongbin , Gao Congcong , Li Xue , Liu Liying , Wang Haikuan , Wang Yanping , Lu Fuping
Published: July 2022

Excessive soluble fibers induced flora disorder and led to intestinal inflammation while supplementation with probiotics that specifically consume soluble fiber may alleviate this phenomenon.
A nanoclay-based 3D aerogel framework for flexible flame retardants
Authors: Xie Weimin , Wang Jie , Shang Kaixuan , Chen Hongyun , Tang Aidong , Wu Mingjie , Cui Xun , Yang Huaming
Published: July 2022

A high-performance flexible flame-retardant CR/PA/PVA aerogel was obtained via employing cellulose-dispersed nanoclay as both 3D skeleton and antiflaming component and polyaniline and polyvinyl alcohol as flexibilizer and crosslinker, respectively.
A novel orange-red thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter with high molecular rigidity and planarity realizing 32.5% external quantum efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Heng-Yuan , Yang Hao-Yu , Zhang Ming , Lin Hui , Tao Si-Lu , Zheng Cai-Jun , Zhang Xiao-Hong
Published: July 2022

With high molecular rigidity and planarity, the orange-red emitter SAF-2NP realized ΦPL and Θ‖ of 99% and 85%, respectively. The optimal device demonstrated a maximum external quantum efficiency of 32.5% with an emission peak of 576 nm.
Dearomative oxyphosphorylation of indoles enables facile access to 2,2-disubstituted indolin-3-ones
Authors: Xiong Ting , Zhou Xingcui , Jiang Jun
Published: July 2022

A highly efficient oxidative dearomatization of indoles with H-phosphorus oxides in the presence of TEMPO oxoammonium salt has been demonstrated.
Mechanism and origin of regioselectivity in Rh-catalyzed desymmetric [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition: charge versus π–π stacking interaction
Authors: Shen Boming , Chen Yu , Yu Peiyuan
Published: July 2022

Competition between different types of electronic effects (charge versus π–π stacking) controls the regioselectivity of Rh-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition.
One-step synthesis of azepino[3,4-b]indoles by cooperative aza-[4 + 3] cycloaddition from readily available feedstocks
Authors: Ma Jin-Tian , Chen Ting , Chen Xiang-Long , Zhou You , Yu Zhi-Cheng , Zhuang Shi-Yi , Alimu Maierhaba , Wu Yan-Dong , Xiang Jia-Chen , Wu An-Xin
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining azepino[3,4-b]indoles by one-step synthesis from a four-component reaction system comprising readily available starting materials. This transformation affords a diverse range of azepino[3,4-b]indoles in a highly efficient manner.
Exploring the regioselectivity of the cyanoalkylation of 3-aza-1,5-dienes: photoinduced synthesis of 3-cyanoalkyl-4-pyrrolin-2-ones
Authors: He Jia-Qin , Yang Zhi-Xian , Zhou Xue-Lu , Li Yanni , Gao Shulin , Shi Lou , Liang Deqiang
Published: July 2022

Regioselective cyanoalkylalkenylation of 3-aza-1,5-dienes with oxime esters induced by visible light.
External oxidant-free and selective thiofunctionalization of alkenes enabled by photoredox-neutral catalysis
Authors: Liang Rong-Bin , Zhu Can-Ming , Song Pei-Qi , Zhao Lei-Min , Tong Qing-Xiao , Zhong Jian-Ji
Published: July 2022

A photoredox approach was reported to realize a highly selective three-component thiohydroxylation, thioalkoxylation and thioamination of vinylarenes towards valuable vicinal S,O- and S,N-disubstituted molecules under mild conditions.
A novel electrochemical sensor for glucose detection based on a Ti3C2Tx/ZIF-67 nanocomposite
Authors: Han Xuhui , Cao Ke , Yao Yanqing , Zhao Jia , Chai Chunpeng , Dai Pei
Published: July 2022

A Ti3C2Tx/ZIF-67 nanocomposite with outstanding conductivity has been prepared. The electrochemical sensor based on this nanocomposite exhibits excellent selectivity, stability and repeatability for glucose detection.
Impact of free energy of polymers on polymorphism of polymer-grafted nanoparticles
Authors: Ishiyama Masanari , Yasuoka Kenji , Asai Makoto
Published: July 2022

We observed crystal phase transitions in polymer-grafted nanoparticles and their polymorph by the use of MD simulations and revealed the role of grafted polymers on the phase transition.
A novel polyelectrolyte-based artificial light-harvesting system for photocatalysis of cross-dehydrogenation coupling
Authors: Ma Chao-Qun , Li Xing-Long , Han Ning , Wang Ying , Wang Rong-Zhou , Yu Shengsheng , Wang Yue-Bo , Xing Ling-Bao
Published: July 2022

Using polyelectrolyte materials, a simple and effective artificial light-harvesting system is constructed. This work promotes the application prospect of artificial light-harvesting system based on polyelectrolyte materials in photocatalysis.
High-performance ternary solar cells by introducing a medium bandgap acceptor with complementary absorption, reducing energy disorder and enhancing glass transition temperature
Authors: Wan Ji , Dyadishchev Ivan , Sun Rui , Wu Qiang , Wu Yao , Zhang Meimei , Peregudova Svetlana , Ponomarenko Sergey , Luponosov Yuriy , Min Jie
Published: July 2022

By introducing TPIIC – novel NFA with a high LUMO energy, efficient light absorption in visible region, and high crystallinity into PM6:Y6 binary system as the third component, all photovoltaic parameters were improved resulting in PCE of 17.7%.
High strength, stable and self-healing copolyimide for defects induced by mechanical and electrical damages
Authors: Wan Baoquan , Dong Xiaodi , Yang Xing , Zheng Ming-Sheng , Chen George , Zha Jun-Wei
Published: July 2022

A copolyimide (CPI) was prepared by a simple copolymerization process. The film possesses good self-healing ability based on disulfide bond exchange after mechanical/electrical damage and maintains high thermal stability and insulation property.
Amino-acid-directed formation of quasi-zero-dimensional perovskites for high-purity blue and red luminescence
Authors: Zhu Baisheng , Wang Tian , Tan Zhi-Kuang
Published: July 2022

The implementation of 3-APA+ allows perovskite to assemble in situ to give a quasi-0D structure during film formation. This allows precise spectral tuning in both pure-Br and pure-I perovskite thin films to give high-purity blue and red luminescence.
Bimetallic iron cobalt oxide nanoclusters embedded on three-dimensional flower-like iron cobalt oxide nanosheets for improved oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Shankar Ayyavu , Maduraiveeran Govindhan
Published: July 2022

We demonstrate a facile, scalable, efficient and binder-free fabrication of earth-abundant bimetallic iron cobalt oxide nanoclusters embedded on 3D flower-like iron cobalt oxide nanosheets for improved OER under an alkaline electrolyte.
Mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in liver cancer stem cells and potential therapeutic approaches
Authors: Man Ki-Fong , Ma Stephanie
Published: July 2022

The administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for the treatment of advanced-stage patients is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, therapy resistance is often encountered, and its emergence eventually curtails long-term clinical benefits. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are essential drivers of tumor recurrence and therapy resistance; thus, the elucidation of key hallmarks of resistance mechanisms of liver CSC-driven HCC may help improve patient outcomes and reduce relapse. The present review provides a comprehensive summary of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of TKI resistance in liver CSCs, which mediate treatment failure, and discusses potential strategies to overcome TKI resistance from a preclinical perspective.
Diagnostics of the dynamics of the Langmuir spectrum based on radio emission during the 12 March 2015 solar radio burst
Authors: Kudryavtsev I. V. , Kaltman T. I. , Karlický M.
Published: July 2022

Aims.We investigate the dynamics of spectra of Langmuir waves in the plasma radiation of solar radio bursts.

Methods.We simulated the radio emission that is formed during the merging of Langmuir waves. The observed frequency spectra of radio bursts were fitted by the model spectrum of Langmuir waves.

Results.We determined shapes of the Langmuir wave spectra, consistent with the solar burst observed in the 0.8–2.0 GHz range on 12 March 2015 by the Ondřejov radiospectrograph. We estimated the sizes of the corresponding radio source for different values of the energy density of Langmuir waves. We present the time evolution of the model Langmuir wave spectra at four instants. Finally, we explain a role of the induced scattering of Langmuir waves in the formation of their spectra.
Consequences of the lack of azimuthal freedom in the modeling of lensing galaxies
Authors: Van de Vyvere Lyne , Sluse Dominique , Gomer Matthew R. , Mukherjee Sampath
Published: July 2022

Massive elliptical galaxies can display structures that deviate from a pure elliptical shape, such as a twist of the principal axis or variations in the axis ratio with galactocentric distance. Although satisfactory lens modeling is generally achieved without accounting for these azimuthal structures, the question about their impact on inferred lens parameters remains, in particular, on time delays as they are used in time-delay cosmography. This paper aims at characterizing these effects and quantifying their impact considering realistic amplitudes of the variations. We achieved this goal by creating mock lensing galaxies with morphologies based on two data sets: observational data of local elliptical galaxies, and hydrodynamical simulations of elliptical galaxies at a typical lens redshift. We then simulated images of the lensing systems with space-based data quality and modeled them in a standard way to assess the impact of a lack of azimuthal freedom in the lens model. We find that twists in lensing galaxies are easily absorbed in homoeidal lens models by a change in orientation of the lens up to 10° with respect to the reference orientation at the Einstein radius, and of the shear by up to 20° with respect to the input shear orientation. The ellipticity gradients, on the other hand, can introduce a substantial amount of shear that may impact the radial mass model and consequently biasH0, up to 10 km s−1 Mpc−1. However, we find that light is a good tracer of azimuthal structures, meaning that direct imaging should be capable of diagnosing their presence. This in turn implies that such a large bias is unlikely to be unaccounted for in standard modeling practices. Furthermore, the overall impact of twists and ellipticity gradients averages out at a population level. For the galaxy populations we considered, the cosmological inference remains unbiased.
Near-ultraviolet to visible spectroscopy of the Themis and Polana-Eulalia complex families
Authors: Tatsumi E. , Tinaut-Ruano F. , de León J. , Popescu M. , Licandro J.
Published: July 2022

Context. Spectrophotometry data of asteroids obtained in the 1980s showed that there are large variations in their near-ultraviolet (NUV) reflectance spectra. Reflectance spectra at NUV wavelengths are important because they help detect the presence of hydrated minerals and organics on the asteroid surfaces. However, the NUV wavelength region has not been fully investigated yet using spectroscopic data.

Aims. The aim of our study is to obtain the near-ultraviolet to visible (NUV-VIS, 0.35–0.95 μm) reflectance spectra of primitive asteroids with a focus on members of the Themis and Polana-Eulalia complex families. This characterization allows us to discuss the origin of two recent sample return mission target asteroids, (162173) Ryugu and (101955) Bennu.

Methods. We obtain low-resolution visible spectra of target asteroids down to 0.35 μm using the telescopes located at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (La Palma, Spain) and revisit spectroscopic data that have already been published. Using new spectroscopic and already published spectrophotometric and spectroscopic data, we study the characteristics of the NUV-VIS reflectance spectra of primitive asteroids, focusing on data of the Themis family and the Polana-Eulalia family complex. Finally, we compare the NUV characteristics of these families with (162173) Ryugu and (101955) Bennu. In this work, we also study systematic effects due to the use of the five commonly used stars in Landolt’s catalog as solar analogs to obtain the asteroid reflectance in the NUV wavelength range. We compare the spectra of five G-stars in Landolt’s catalog with the spectrum of the well-studied solar analog Hyades 64, also observed on the same nights.

Results. We find that many widely used Landolt’s G-type stars are not solar analogs in the NUV wavelength spectral region and thus are not suitable for obtaining the reflectance spectra of asteroids. We also find that, even though the Themis family and the PolanaEulalia family complex show a similar blueness at visible wavelengths, the NUV absorption of the Themis family is much deeper than that of the Polana-Eulalia family complex. We did not find significant differences between the New Polana and Eulalia families in terms of the NUV-VIS slope. (162173) Ryugu’s and (101955) Bennu’s spectral characteristics in the NUV-VIS overlaps with those of the Polana-Eulalia family complex which implies that it is the most likely origin of these two near-Earth asteroids.
Ultra-sensitive THz microwave kinetic inductance detectors for future space telescopes
Authors: Baselmans J. J. A. , Facchin F. , Pascual Laguna A. , Bueno J. , Thoen D. J. , Murugesan V. , Llombart N. , de Visser P. J.
Published: July 2022

Aims.Future actively cooled space-borne observatories for the far-infrared, loosely defined as a 1–10 THz band, can potentially reach a sensitivity limited only by background radiation from the Universe. This will result in an increase in observing speed of many orders of magnitude. A spectroscopic instrument on such an observatory requires large arrays of detectors with a sensitivity expressed as a noise equivalent power NEP = 3 × 10−20W/√Hz.

Methods.We present the design, fabrication, and characterisation of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) for this frequency range reaching the required sensitivity. The devices are based on thin-film NbTiN resonators which use lens-antenna coupling to a submicron-width aluminium transmission line at the shorted end of the resonator where the radiation is absorbed. We optimised the MKID geometry for a low NEP by using a small aluminium volume of ≈1 µm3and fabricating the aluminium section on a very thin (100 nm) SiN membrane. Both methods of optimisation also reduce the effect of excess noise by increasing the responsivity of the device, which is further increased by reducing the parasitic geometrical inductance of the resonator.

Results.We measure the sensitivity of eight MKIDs with respect to the power absorbed in the detector using a thermal calibration source filtered in a narrow band around 1.5 THz. We obtain a NEPexp(Pabs) = 3.1 ± 0.9 × 10−20W/√Hz at a modulation frequency of 200 Hz averaged over all measured MKIDs. The NEP is limited by quasiparticle trapping.

Conclusions.The measured sensitivity is sufficient for spectroscopic observations from future, actively cooled space-based observatories. Moreover, the presented device design and assembly can be adapted for frequencies up to ≈10 THz and can be readily implemented in kilopixel arrays.
Radical addition and H abstraction reactions in C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6: A gateway for ethyl- and vinyl-bearing molecules in the interstellar medium
Authors: Molpeceres G. , Rivilla V. M.
Published: July 2022

Context. Recent interstellar detections include a significant number of molecules containing vinyl (C2H3) and ethyl (C2H5) groups in their structure. For several of these molecules, there is no clear experimental or theoretical evidence that supports their formation from simpler precursors.

Aims. We carried out a systematic search of viable reactions starting from closed-shell hydrocarbons containing two carbon atoms (ethane, C2H6; ethylene, C2H4; and acetylene, C2H2), with the goal of determining viable chemical routes for the formation of vinyl and ethyl molecules on top of interstellar dust grains.

Methods. We used density functional theory calculations in combination with semiclassical instantem theory to derive the rate coefficients for the radical-neutral surface reactions. The effect of a surface was modeled through an implicit surface approach, profiting from the weak interaction between the considered hydrocarbons and the dust surfaces.

Results. Our results show that both H and OH radicals are key in converting acetylene and ethylene into more complex radicals that are liable to continue reacting and to form interstellar complex organic molecules. The relevant reactions, for example OH additions, present rate constants above 101 s−1 that are likely competitive with OH diffusion on grains. Similarly, H atom addition to acetylene and ethylene is a very fast process, with rate constants above 104 s−1 in all cases, and is greatly enhanced by quantum tunneling. Hydrogen abstraction reactions are less relevant, but may play a role in specific cases involving the OH radical. Reactions with other radicals NH2 and CH3 are likely to have much less impact on the chemistry of ethyl- and vinyl-bearing molecules.

Conclusions. The effective formation at low temperatures of four radicals (C2H3, C2H5, C2H2OH, and C2H4OH) through our proposed mechanism opens the gate for the formation of complex organic molecules, and indicates a potential prevalence of OH-bearing molecules on the grain. Following our suggested reaction pathway, we explain the formation of many of the newly detected molecules, and propose new molecules for detection. Our results reinforce the recent view on the importance of the OH radical in interstellar surface chemistry.
Quasi-periodic oscillations in precursor flares via seismic aftershocks from resonant shattering
Authors: Suvorov A. G. , Kuan H. J. , Kokkotas K. D.
Published: July 2022

Context. GRB 211211A was accompanied by a kilonova, implying a merger origin for the event. A precursor flare, modulated by quasi-periodic oscillations at ≈22 Hz, was also seen ≈1 s prior to the main emission.

Aims. It is suggested here that the precursor resulted from the resonant shattering of one star’s crust prior to coalescence. Seismic aftershocks and low-frequency torsional modes may emanate from the rupture site in this case, explaining the underlying oscillations. This interpretation is directly analogous to proposals for giant flares from soft gamma repeaters, where oscillations at similar frequencies have been observed, involving starquakes followed by crustal vibrations.

Methods. Torsional mode properties were computed for sequences of slowly rotating, magnetised neutron stars in general relativity.

Results. The ≈22 Hz modulations in the precursor matches that of nodeless, ℓ = 2 torsional modes for a wide variety of stellar parameters. Global or discrete Alfvén modes are also viable candidates.
Centralized resource allocation to create New Most Productive Scale Size (MPSS) DMUs
Authors: Nojoumi Kamyar , Saati Saber , Khoshandam Leila
Published: July 2022

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming - based technique to evaluate the performance of a homogeneous group of decision-making units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and outputs. One of the DEA applications involves aggregating input resources and reallocating them to create efficient DMUs.The present study employs the centralized resource allocation (CRA) approach to develop a model for creating new DMUs. These new DMUs are the most productive scale size (MPSS), and all new DMUs lie on a strong supporting hyperplane. In this case, a dual model is used to obtain the strong supporting hyperplane which all new DMUs lie on. This hyperplane is derived by solving the dual model and generating a common set of weights. Then, it is shown that all new DMUs lie on a strong supporting hyperplane, and an MPSS facet is the intersection of this hyperplane with the production possibility set (PPS).
Effects of Different Balance Training Volumes on Children's
Dynamic Balance
Authors: Schedler Simon , Graf Stella Marie , Muehlbauer Thomas
Published: July 2022

Concerning balance training, the most effective design of several load dimensions
(e. g., training frequency, volume) is unclear. Thus, we determined the
effects of different balance training volumes on dynamic balance in healthy
children. Three groups of 20 children (age: 11.0±0.7 years; 47%
females) were randomly assigned to a balance training group using a low or a
high training volume or an active control group that performed regular physical
education lessons. All groups trained for 8 weeks (2 sessions/week),
whereby balance training volume amounted to 4 min/session and
18–24 min/session for the low- and high-volume group,
respectively. Pre- and post-training, balance performance was assessed using the
Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test and the Timed-Up-and-Go Test. Fifty-five children
completed the study and significant Test x Group interactions were detected for
both outcome measures in favor of the two balance training groups. Additionally,
improvements in the high-volume group were significantly larger for some
measures (Y-balance test anterior reach distance: p<.001,
d=.94; Timed-Up-and-Go time: p=.003,
d=.81) compared to the low-volume group. The results indicate
that balance training is effective to improve balance performance in healthy
children and it seems that a 36–48 min/week compared to
an 8 min/week training volume provides additional effects.
Trigger-Warnungen und das freiheitliche Recht, den Leuten das zu
sagen, was sie nicht hören wollen
Authors: Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja
Published: July 2022

Die international erfolgreiche Popsängerin Rihanna postete vor einiger Zeit
ein Foto ihres Babybauchs auf Instagram und erhielt viel Zustimmung und entsprechend
viele Likes. Es mehrten sich aber auch die Stimmen der Empörung, die in
einem mittleren Shitstorm endeten. Stein des Anstoßes war nicht das Zeigen
des Babybauches aus Gründen etwas verstaubter Anstandsnormen, wie es noch
bei Hollywood-Schauspielerin Demi Moore der Fall war, die 1991 hochschwanger nackt
auf dem Cover der Zeitschrift Vanity Fair posierte. Kritik bekam Rihanna deshalb,
weil der Anblick eines Babybauches Menschen verletzten könnte, die sich
Kinder wünschten, aber nicht schwanger werden können. Dieser Kritik
folgte die Forderung nach einer „Trigger-Warnung“ in sozialen
Medien, die ungewollt Kinderlose vor seelischer Verletzung, Traurigkeit und
Depressionen durch den unverhofften Anblick eines Babybauches schützen soll
1. Diese Forderung wurde weiter
begründet durch die Argumentation, dass Frauen, die nicht schwanger werden
können, eine gesellschaftliche Minderheit und damit potenziell
Diskriminierung ausgesetzt seien.
Saddle Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Cancer in the Era of Incidental Events: Clinical Findings and Outcomes in a Single Centre Cohort
Authors: Aramberri Mario , Benegas Mariana , Sanchez Marcelo , Muñoz-Guglielmetti Diego , Zamora Carles , García-Villa Adrián , Diaz-Pedroche Carmen , Font Carme
Published: July 2022

Background There is scarce information regarding the prevalence and clinical impact of saddle pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with cancer.

Objectives This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical findings, and short-term outcomes of patients with cancer-related saddle PE including acute symptomatic and unsuspected events.

Patients/Methods Consecutive patients with cancer-related PE (March 1, 2006–October 31, 2014) were retrospectively reviewed by a chest radiologist to assess PE burden and signs of right ventricular (RV) overload. The clinical outcomes within 30 days were evaluated according to saddle versus nonsaddle PE.

Results Thirty-six (12%) out of 289 patients with newly diagnosed cancer-related PE presented with saddle PE. Saddle PE was found in 21 cases (58%) with acute symptomatic PE and the remaining 15 cases (42%) were found as unsuspected findings. Patients with saddle PE had more frequently experienced a previous thrombotic event (31 vs. 13%; p = 0.008), and it occurred more frequently as an acute symptomatic event (58 vs. 39%; p = 0.025) compared with those with nonsaddle PE. Signs of RV overload including RV/left ventricle ratio ≥1 (22 vs. 4%; p < 0.001) and interventricular septum displacement (53 vs. 20%; p < 0.001) were also more common in patients with saddle PE compared with nonsaddle PE. Overall, PE-related mortality, venous thromboembolism recurrence, and major bleeding within 30 days were found to be similar according to saddle versus nonsaddle PE.

Conclusion Saddle PE is not uncommon in patients with cancer-related PE including in those with unsuspected PE. Similar 30-day outcomes were found according to saddle versus nonsaddle PE in our cohort.
Breaking Bad News in Obstetrics and Gynecology: We Must Talk About It
Authors: Ribeiro Luísa Silva de Carvalho , D'Abreu Bárbara Flecha , Santiago Aline Evangelista , Cândido Eduardo Batista , Romão Gustavo Salata , de Sá Marcos Felipe Silva , da Silva Filho Agnaldo Lopes
Published: July 2022

Breaking bad news is common in obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn). However, it is difficult, and few doctors receive training on how to deal with this situation. This narrative review aims to gather, analyze, and synthesize part of the knowledge on the area, focused on Ob-Gyn. Among the 16 selected articles, two are randomized controlled intervention studies, and most studies refer to obstetrics. The results found by us pointed out that simulation, feedback/debriefing, lectures, and protocols could improve doctors' performance in communicating bad news. For patients, the context and how the information is transmitted seem to impact more than the content of the news. Ob-Gyn doctors could benefit from specific protocols and education, given the specialty's particularities. There is a lack of evidence about the most effective way to conduct such training. Finding validated ways to quantify and classify studies' results in the area, which would allow for the objective analysis of outcomes, is one of the biggest challenges concerning this topic.
Comparison of Two Types of Preparation for Laminate Veneer with Three Types of All-Ceramic Materials
Authors: Yousief Salah A. , Galal Rami M. , Alsharief Hassan Mehsen Ahmad , Alharbi Thamer Thyeab R. , Alzhrani Khaled Aqeel A. , Migaishet Husam Talat A. , Alshehri Adil Ahmed A. , Nouruldeen Ayoub Ismail A. , Sait Ghaida Ali S. , Jayar Yousef , Alharthi Reham , Alotaibi Sulafah Abdullah
Published: July 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to compare types of veneer preparations and their combination with three materials.

Materials and Methods Two finite element models were specially prepared used representing window and wrap around preparation for veneers. The “central incisor” tooth geometry was acquired using a laser scanner, and then its surface was adjusted to form a solid model prior to the removal of each preparation separately. Three materials (Lava Ultimate, IPS e-max, and Celtra) were tested in combination with the preparation type. Bone geometry was simplified as two coaxial cylinders in all models. Each model was subjected to two loading conditions of occlusion (edge-to-edge bite and normal bite).

Statistical Analysis and Results It was observed that cortical, cancellous bone, and periodontal ligament are insensitive to preparation or materials. Their stresses and deformation were within physiological limits. Significant changes appeared on the central incisor tooth structure, cement layer, and veneer layer stresses and deformations under loading cases.

Conclusions Edge-to-edge bite stresses are severe with window-type preparation, and normal bite did not show any critical values on tooth structure, cement layer, or veneer layer. Veneer layer finish line and its contact with the cement layer and tooth structure play a role in the loading transfer mechanism. Preparation type alters the values of stresses on tooth structure, cement, and veneer layers. With window preparation, extreme stresses appear at finish line, while stresses appear under the loading site with wrap around preparation. Veneer and cement layers withstand the load energy with wrap around preparation and reduce tooth structure stresses. Thus, the lifetime of veneer and cement layers might be longer with window preparation.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination for Cancer Patients: Risk or Benefit?
Authors: Laporte Bruno Eduardo Pereira , Laporte Estela Gelain Junges , Aarestrup Paula Fonseca , Aarestrup Matheus Fonseca , Aarestrup Fernando Monteiro
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of the present study is to list the published clinical trials on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, to describe the mechanism of action of the identified vaccines, and to identify protocols regarding safety, status, and prioritization of cancer patients for vaccination.

Methods This is a systematic review with a limited literature search conducted by an information specialist; key resources such as PubMed and websites of major cancer organizations were searched. The main search terms were COVID-19, vaccination, cancer, and breast and gynecological cancers.

Results Cancer patients infected with the new coronavirus are at high risk of complications and death, but we still know little about the risks and benefits of vaccination for COVID-19 in these patients. In an ideal scenario, all cancer patients should have their immunization status updated before beginning treatment, but this is not always possible.

Conclusion Patients with breast or gynecological cancers who are receiving treatment or are in the 5-year posttreatment period should be included in the priority group for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination.
Can Component Size in Total Knee Arthroplasty Be Predicted Preoperatively?—An Analysis of Patient Characteristics
Authors: Naylor Brandon H. , Butler Justin T. , Kuczynski Bozena , Bohm Andrew R. , Scuderi Giles R.
Published: July 2022

Accurately predicting component sizing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can ensure appropriate implants are readily available, avoiding complications from malsizing while also reducing cost by improving workflow efficiency through a reduction in instrumentation. This study investigated the utility of demographic variables to reliably predict TKA component sizes. A retrospective chart review of 337 patients undergoing primary TKA was performed. Patient characteristics (age, sex, race, height, weight) were recorded along with implant and shoe size. Correlation between shoe size and TKA component size was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis using three models: (A) standard demographic variables, (B) shoe size, and (C) combination of both models. Shoe size demonstrated the strongest correlation with femoral anteroposterior (FAP) (p < 0.001) followed by height (p < 0.001). Conversely, height exhibited the strongest correlation with tibial mediolateral (TML) (p < 0.001) followed by shoe size (p < 0.001). Model C was able to correctly predict both the femur and tibia within one and two sizes in 83.09 and 98.14% of cases, respectively. Individually, model C predicted the FAP within one and two sizes in 83.09 and 96.14% of cases, and the TML in 98.81 and 100% of cases, respectively. A patient's shoe size demonstrates a strong correlation to the TKA implant size, and when combined with standard demographic variables the predictive reliability is further increased. Here, we present a predictive model for implant sizing based solely on easily attainable demographic variables, that will be useful for preoperative planning to improve surgical efficiency.

Level of Evidence II, Diagnostic.
Inborn Errors of Ketogenesis: Novel Variants, Clinical Presentation, and Follow-Up in a Series of Four Patients
Authors: Sait Haseena , Srivastava Somya , Kumar Somesh , Varughese Bijo , Pandey Manmohan , Venkatramaiah Manjunath , Chaudhary Parul , Moirangthem Amita , Mandal Kausik , Kapoor Seema
Published: July 2022

Inborn errors of ketogenesis are rare disorders that result in acute and fulminant decompensation during lipolytic stress, particularly in infants and children. These include mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase (HMGCS) deficiency and HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL) deficiency. In this series, we describe the clinical, biochemical, and molecular profiles of four patients along with dietary interventions and their outcomes on a long-term follow-up. Two patients each of HMGCS and HMGCL deficiency were evaluated with clinical history, biochemical investigations, including tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) and urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Molecular analysis was performed by whole-exome sequencing, as well as exon array validated by long-range polymerase chain reaction. All individuals were diagnosed with acute metabolic decompensation in the early infancy period except one with HMGCL deficiency who had the first presentation at 5 years of age. Central nervous system manifestations, severe metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, hypoglycemia with a normal lactate, and absence of urinary ketones were observed in all the affected individuals. The disorder was life-threatening in three individuals and one succumbed to the illness. TMS was nonspecific and urine GCMS revealed dicarboxylic aciduria in HMGCS deficiency. Both the patients with HMGCL deficiency demonstrated elevated 3 hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine levels in TMS and metabolites of leucine degradation in urine GCMS. We identified five novel variants that included a large deletion involving exon 2 in HMGCL gene. There was no evidence of long-term neurological sequelae in the living individuals. Diet with moderation of fat intake was followed in two individuals with HMGCS deficiency. Low leucine and protein diet with moderation of fat intake was followed in the individual with HMGCL deficiency. All affected individuals are thriving well with no further major metabolic decompensation.