bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Quality Attributes of Sweet Orange (Citrus Sinensis L. Osbeck) CV. Phule Mosambi
Authors: Bhattacharjee Panchaal , Patel Mukesh J
Published: June 2023

Effects of integrated nutrient management (INM) approach on the growth, yield, and quality of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] cv. Phule Mosambi was investigated. Eleven treatments were imposed in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) for two seasons (2019 and 2020) and among the treatments, T11 [50% RDN + 20kg FYM/tree + 25% N from Castor Cake + 10ml Bio NPK Consortium + Micronutrient foliar spray (1% Grade IV)] recorded the maximum incremental plant height (35.28 cm), plant spread N-S (45.73 cm), plant spread E-W (45.32 cm) and canopy volume (0.061m3). Similarly treatment T11 significantly increased several yield parameters viz., the maximum fruit length (8.11cm), fruit diameter (7.96 cm), fruit weight (241.91 g), fruit volume (251.17 cc), no. of fruits per tree (255.17), yield (61.81 kg per tree and 17.18 t/ha) in pooled data. Amid quality traits, T11 stood significantly superior with respect to total sugar (6.99 %) content; it also showed higher sugar: acid ratio (14.27), ascorbic acid content (40.11 mg/100 ml pulp). Hence this particular treatment can be adopted preferably in sweet orange cultivation at middle Gujarat (India).
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 345-355, 2023 (June)
Essential Oil Content and Components in Different Purple Basil Genotypes According to the Diurnal Changes
Authors: Turkmen Musa , Ertekin Esra Nermin
Published: June 2023

In the present study the diurnal variations in plant parts of different purple basil genotypes were determined. Three different purple basil genotypes (Arapgir, Piros and Midnight) were used as plant material. Plants were harvested at 06:00, 12:00, 18:00 and 00:00 hrs to determine the diurnal variation within a day at harvesting time. Essential oil ratio among genotypes, harvesting times and parts of plant varied between 0.46- 0.95%, 0.60 to 0.92% and 0.14-1.29%, respectively. Essential oil ratios among the triple interactions were found to range from 0.05 to 2.57%. The major essential oil was linalool in all genotypes. Results showed that the higher essential oil ratio can be obtained from dry flowers of Arapgir genotype harvested at 00:00 and also, Midnight genotype contained higher essential oil content than others.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 357-367, 2023 (June)
Altitude Variation on Fruit Development and Quality Attributes of Kiwifruit (Actinidia Deliciosa Chev.) In North-Western Himalaya
Authors: Sharma Sunny , Rana Vishal Singh
Published: June 2023

Effects of climatic variability at different altitudes on the fruit development and quality attributes of kiwifruit in the North -Western Himalayas of India were investigated. The experiment was carried out at five attitudinal locations (1090, 1275, 1425, 1543, and 1924 m above mean sea level) and with two cultivars viz. Hayward and Allison. It was observed that fruit yield and quality varied according to altitude and cultivars. The Hayward cultivar performed better in terms of yield, graded portion, and fruit quality like titratable acidity and ascorbic acid at higher elevations whereas, the Allison cultivar performed better at lower elevations. Findings revealed that the elevation ranging from 1000 to 1450 m was appropriate for the Allison cultivar and the elevation ranging from 1500 to 1950 m was appropriate for the Hayward cultivation.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 369-379, 2023 (June)
Diurnal Variations of Photosynthesis and Leaf Anatomical Characteristics of Cornus Walteri Wanger Seedlings Under Different Light Regimes
Authors: Jin Yaqin , Shi Ying , Chang Junli , Zhang Qian
Published: June 2023

Diurnal variations of photosynthesis and leaf anatomical structure characteristics of Cornus walteri seedlings under three light conditions, including L0 (under full light radiation), L1 (under natural tree shade), L2 (under one layer of shading) were studied. Results showed that, Pn under different light regimes showed asymmetric convex linear changes. The variation of Pn under L0 was the strongest; the maximum of Pn appeared at 12:00 AM, that of Gs was so. Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) under L2 was insufficient, so Pn decreased significantly, and the peak was at 10:00 AM. Pn and Gs under L1 changed gently.The daily average sequence of Pn was L0＞L2＞L1 and Ci showed the reverse sequence. Shading had a significant effect on photosynthetic response parameters of Cornus walteri seedlings, which caused a significant decrease of LCP, LSP, and decline of Pnmax，AQY and Rd was so. Under shading, leaves of Cornus walteri seedlings became thinner, thickness of epidermal cells (EP) decreased significantly, thickness of both PT and ST reduced. Cornus walteri was intolerant tree species, which has certain physiological regulation ability to weak light, but severe shading will hinder seedling growing. So it was suggested to raise seedlings under full light, and create a favorable condition for seedlings growing.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 395-402, 2023 (June)
Variation in Chemicals and Antimicrobial Activities Of Nicotiana Glauca Graham
Authors: Alsenidi Manar , Moustafa Mahmoud
Published: June 2023

Nicotiana glauca was recorded as one of the invasive plant species which is dramatically spreading in many countries. Extracts of methanol, hexane, acetone, ethanol and petroleum ether of leaves of Nicotiana glauca obtained from seven locations were screened for their antimicrobial activities against Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and Candida albicans. Forty seven chemical compounds were characterized and vitamins B1, B12, B2 and folic acid were also found. All studied locations had toxic chemicals to human namely anabasine. The similarity index among locations was about 69.01% and the most dominant compound were 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl, 1,3-Dioxolane- 2-methanol, 2,4-dimethyl and 2-Acetoxyisobutyryl chloride. Interestingly, the plant had anabasine and showed low antimicrobial effect against specific human pathogens. Data of permanent quadrats showed the plant spread in a progressive manner.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 403-410, 2023 (June)
Enhancement of Antioxidant Capacity in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Applying Salicylic Acid At Low Temperature Stress Condition
Authors: Wang Yanjing , Fang Baoting , Yue Junqin , Du Simeng , Jin Haiyang , Yang Cheng , Zhang Deqi , Wang Hanfang , Shao Yunhui , Li Xiangdong
Published: June 2023

Low temperature stress is one of the important environmental factor affecting the growth and development of wheat. As a widely existing hormone, salicylic acid do not only improve the immunity of wheat, but also improve the cold resistance capability of wheat. In the present study, effects of foliar spray of 0.3 g/l Salicylic acid (SA) on the cold resistance of wheat were studied under low temperature stress condition. Results showed that exogenous salicylic acid could enhance the activity of wheat antioxidant enzymes, reduce the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and change its own starch and sucrose synthesis, amino acid synthesis, carbon metabolism and glycolysis by affecting the differential expression of different hormone signal transduction genes and thereby improving the cold resistance of wheat.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 419-427, 2023 (June)
Mortality causes in goldsmiths of Bangladesh: Findings from verbal autopsy
Authors: Khan Fahmida Afroz , Islam Mohammad Tanvir , Rahman Ataur , Rayna Shahrin Emdad , Rahman K M Thouhidur , Islam Syed Shariful , Khalequzzaman Md
Published: June 2023

Background: Information on the mortality causes of goldsmiths in Bangladesh is limited. This study aimed to find out the mortality causes in a selected group of goldsmiths.
Methods: A World Health Organization recommended questionnaire was adapted to conduct verbal autopsy of 20 deceased goldsmiths. Death-related information was gathered from the family members present during deceased’s illness preceding death. The mortality causes were determined by the interview outcomes and medical records-review.
Results: The mean age of the goldsmiths at death was 59.2± 9.3 years. Among then, 70.0% were smokers and 50.0% were alcohol consumers. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were the most common immediate and underlying cause of death (60.0% and 45.0%, respectively).
Conclusion: The life expectancy of goldsmiths was much lower than the average life expectancy of Bangladeshi population, where CVD was the primary cause of death. Smoking and alcohol consumption were prevalent among them. Awareness about healthy lifestyles should be prioritized for highly CVD prevention among the goldsmiths.
Assessment of health-related quality of life of COVID-19 patients during follow-up
Authors: Khan Abed Hussain , Arafat Shohael Mahmud , Alam Md Adnanul , Sharmin Elora
Published: June 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the quality of life of individuals worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its associated factors among COVID-19 patients discharged from hospital.
Methods: This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients who were discharged from medicine department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and did their first-month follow-up from April to September 2021. A validated Bengali version of International Quality of Life Assessment, Short form – 36 (SF-36) questionnaire was used to assess the HRQOL status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done for identifying factors associated with low HRQOL.
Result: Out of 225 patients, the mean (standard deviation) age was 36.9 (14.2) years and four in every ten patients were women. Out of eight subgroups, almost all scored averagely 79 out of 100. Older age, rural residence and severe to critical disease was reported as factors for low physical and mental component summary of SF-36.
Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with older age, rural residence and having severe to critical disease condition need to be addressed critically as they have a higher chance of having low HRQOL status after COVID-19 infection.
Efficacy of expressed breast milk alone or in combination with paracetamol in reducing pain during retinopathy of prematurity screening: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chowdhury Rumpa Mani , Dey Sanjoy Kumar , Mannan Abdul , Ali Tariq Reza , Choudhury Nuzhat , Jahan Mosammad Alpana , Das Krishna Priya
Published: June 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of expressed breast milk (EBM) alone or in combination with oral paracetamol for pain reduction during retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening. 
Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted in two departments of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of 60 preterm neonates who underwent ROP screening were randomized into three equal groups. Group A got nesting and swaddling as per institutional protocol (control). Group B received 2 ml EBM two minutes prior to the ROP screening and Group C received 15 mg/kg syrup paracetamol 30 minutes prior to the ROP screening and EBM like Group B. Premature infant pain profile (PIPP) scores was used prior, during and 2 minutes after ROP screening procedure.
Results: The three groups were similar in terms of baseline characteristics. The mean (standard deviation) PIPP scores during the procedure were 16.4 (1.1), 15.0 (1.8) and 13.4 (1.8) in control, EBM, and EBM with paracetamol groups respectively. The PIPP scores were significantly lower in the EBM and EBM with paracetamol groups during the procedure compared to control group. In the EBM and EBM with paracetamol groups, the mean difference in PIPP scores (between before and during the procedure) was also substantially lower.
Conclusion: Breast milk alone or in combination with paracetamol can reduce significant pain during ROP screening than control group.
Swyer syndrome: A rare case
Authors: Pradhan Hema Kumari , Dangal Ganesh , Shrestha Manoj Krishna
Published: June 2023

https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BSMMUJ/article/view/67241
Aetiology and Risk Factor Analysis of Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Nath Jishu Deb , Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy
Published: June 2023

Background: Chronic pancreatitis is defined as a continuing inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by irreversible morphologic changes that typically cause pain and/or permanent loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. Chronic pancreatitis can result from episodes of acute pancreatitis of any cause, most commonly in those with multiple relapsing episodes of acute pancreatitis. The objective of our study is to determine the aetiology and risk factor in chronic pancreatitis patients admitted in the hospital.
Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Maa- Shishu-O-General Hospital, Chattogram from July 2020 to September 2022. Total 29 patients were selected, as presenting in Medicine Department with documented presentation. All data were taken meeting exclusion criteria and analysed.
Results: Mean age, weight, waist circumference and BMI is 35.6 year, 57 kg, 32 cm and 24.5 respectively. Almost 2/3 of the patients admitted from urban area and mostly belong to average socioeconomic groups and male are little bit more affected n=15, 51.7%. Maximum cases were non alcoholic n=18, 62.1%. and found raised Triglyceride n=10, 34.5%. Pancreatic calcification found in significant cases n=14, 48.3%.
Conclusion: Chronic pancreatitis is one of the common causes of recurrent abdominal pain. Malnutrition and hypertriglyceridimia is the commonest cause in our country and abdominal x-ray have dramatic role in diagnosis and prognosis also.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 2-5
Clonazepam Versus Diazepam as Sedative in Elective Caesarean Section Under Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Karim Md Enayet , Akram Mohammad Saleh , Rashid R A M Mustafijur , Ershad Reza
Published: June 2023

Background: Regional anaesthesia has become an important anaesthetic technique now a days. The use of spinal anaesthesia is often limited by the unwillingness of patients to remain awake during surgery. Pharmacologically induced tranquility improves acceptance of regional technique. This study compares Clonazepam and Diazepam in terms of onset and recovery of sedation, haemodynamic effects and adverse effects of both the drugs during elective caesarian section under spinal anaesthesia.
Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial included 60 ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) grade I patients between age 20-40 years undergoing elective Caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia during the period of January 2022 to June 2022. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups: Clonazepam group (Group C, n=30), who received Clonazepam in a single dose of 0.015mg/kg and Diazepam group (Group D, n=30), who received Diazepam in a single dose of 0.15mg/kg.
Results: There was no significant difference of mean blood pressure and mean heart rate between the two groups (p>0.05). Time of onset and duration of sedation was comparable between the two groups (p value 0.759 and 0.652 respectively). Percentage of patient satisfaction was comparable between the two groups(80% vs 86.66%, p value 0.841). Incidence of pain in arm during drug administration was significantly more in Diazepam group (10% vs 100%, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Both Clonazepam and Diazepam have satisfactory haemodynamic stability and sedation characteristic in single dose technique during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 20-24
Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Abdominal Surgery : Aprepitant/Dexamethasone Versus Mirtazapine/Dexamethasone
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Rukun Uddin
Published: June 2023

Background: Patients having elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia often have Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV). In this study the main goal is to evaluate the outcome of Aprepitant/Dexamethasone (A/D) combination vs Mirtazapine/Dexamethasone (M/D) combination vs Dexamethasone (D) alone for prevention of PONV in individuals after abdominal surgery.
Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at tertiary medical hospital from January 2021 to January 2022. Where a total of 150 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery were randomly allocated to receive 8 mg dexamethasone Intravenous Infusion (IVI) only in the D group or in addition to 80 mg aprepitant capsule in the A/D group or in addition to 30 mg mirtazapine tablet in the M/D group. In each 50 patients divided to each group. Assessment of PONV was carried out at 0–2 h (Early) and 2–24 h (Late). The primary outcome was the complete response 0-24 h after surgery. Collective PONV, postoperative pain, side effects and patient satisfaction score were considered as secondary outcomes.
Results: Majority of the study populations belonging to 41-50 years age group (65%) and 60% of them were male. In concordance to that, the intraoperative variables of duration of surgery and mean given intravascular fluid volume were comparable between groups. In the early postoperative period (0–2 h), there was a statistically significant difference between the A/D group and the D group in the number of vomiting episodes with comparable efficacy between the A/D and M/D groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the studied groups regarding nausea episodes, collective PONV, rescue antiemetic usage, and the number of patients exhibiting a complete response. Pain score at (0–2 h) was significantly higher in the D group in comparison to the A/D and M/D groups with comparable efficacy between the A/D and M/D groups (p < 0.001). The rescue analgesic doses were significantly higher in the D group compared to the A/D and M/D groups with statistically significant differences between the A/D and M/D groups (p < 0.001). in addition, more patients in the A/D and M/D groups were satisfied with the PONV prevention protocol compared to the D group.
Conclusion: The combination of aprepitant and dexamethasone, as well as mirtazapine and dexamethasone, has been proven to be more effective than dexamethasone alone in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in critically ill patients following abdominal surgery.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 29-33
Pattern of Psychiatric Admissions in Private Psychiatric Hospitals in Chattogram
Authors: Afroz Shafika , Mahmud Arafath , Hasan Md Shafiul
Published: June 2023

Background: Globally, psychiatric disorders have become an alarming issue. Nowadays, it is highly recognized among the population of Bangladesh. Around 970 million people suffer from various psychiatric disorders and depression is the 4th leading cause of disability worldwide. They immensely contribute to the global burden of diseases. This study determines admission patterns among patients with psychiatric disorders in private psychiatric hospitals in Chattogram.
Materials and methods: Between July 2021 and June 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted at Mononibash (A Specialized Psychiatric Hospital) and Chattogram Manoshik Hospital. Purpose sampling method was used and a total of 150 participants included those aged between 13 to 83 years. A semistructured questionnaire was imposed to obtain socio-demographic and other relevant clinical information from patients and attendants. The diagnosis was based on clinical interviews using the Standardized Diagnostic Statistical Method (DSM-V).
Results: Among 150 patients 94 (62.67%) were male and 56 (37.33%) were female. In the age group of 21 to 40 years (60%), psychiatric disorders were highly prevalent. The most common psychiatric disorders were Schizophrenia (53.33%), Bipolar affective disorder (24.67%), Brief psychotic disorder (10%), Major depressive disorder (4%), Personality disorder (3.33%), Conduct disorder (1.33%) and other related disorders (2%).
Conclusion: These results can help to improve diagnosis, treatment services, prevention of psychiatric disorders, and mental health promotion. Well-designed epidemiological and clinical research is needed to improve and ensure comprehensive healthcare delivery for psychiatric patients.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 38-41
Predicting Role of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score in Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Acute Appendicitis among Adult Patients
Authors: Das Utpak Kumar , Begum Jasmin , Salauddin Mohammed , Islam Iftekharul
Published: June 2023

Background: Appendicitis is a global disease. Understanding the global evolution of appendicitis in highly industrialized countries and in newly industrialized countries is necessary for planning healthcare resource utilization. Scoring systems have been designed to aid in the clinical assessment of patients with acute appendicitis. The recently introduced Appendicitis Inflammatory Response (AIR) score was designed to overcome these drawbacks. This simple clinical score can correctly classify the majority of patients with suspected appendicitis. To evaluate the AIR score on patients with suspicion of acute appendicitis and its risk stratification and assess the sensitivity and specificity of the AIR score.
Materials and methods: This descriptive of observational study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram from 21st March to 20th September 2017. Total 100 cases of appendicitis patients were selected after careful history taking, thorough general and local examination and appropriate investigations fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: The present study of 100 selected cases reveals that maximum number of patients (54.0%) were between 15-25 years age group, mean age of appendicitis was 24.5±8.9 years. The sensitivity and Specificity of the Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score (AIR score) in diagnosis and risk stratification of acute appendicitis was 85.2% and 96.9% respectively. Similarly, the positive predictive value and accuracy rate for the same is 93.5 % and 93.0% respectively.
Conclusion: Through associating easily applicable clinical criteria and two simple laboratory tests AIR score help in diagnosis and risk stratification of suspected appendicitis and could guide decision-making to reduce admissions, optimize utility of diagnostic imaging and prevent negative explorations.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 46-51
Risk Factors for Acute Ischaemic Stroke in Young Adults in Armed Forces Medical Institute of Dhaka
Authors: Rahman Shifur
Published: June 2023

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in developing countries, afflicting individuals at a young age. The affection of economically productive group adds further to the overall disease burden. The contribution of established vascular risk factors to ischaemic stroke in young adults has not been evaluated systematically in CMH, Dhaka Cantonment. The purpose of the study is to detect the risk factors for acute Ischaemic stroke in adults.
Materials and methods: The case-control study was carried out in the department of Neurology and Medicine, CMH Dhaka during October 2019 to August 2020. Consecutive ischemic stroke patients who met the inclusion criteria and were hospitalized in the Department of Neurology and Medicine at CMH Dhaka were included in the study.
Results: The mean age of young patients with ischaemic stroke was 40.1 (SD± 6.6) years (Range 17-45 years). There were 40 (59.7%) male and 27 (40.3%) female with ratio of male to female was 1.5:1. Risk of acute ischaemic stroke was 2.7 times higher in smoker [36 (53.7%) vs 20 (29.9%) OR=2.7, 95% of 01=1.34-5.55, p<0.01] 2.4 times higher in diabetic [23 (34.3%) vs 12 (17.9%), OR=2.4, 95% of 01=1.07-5.35, p<0.05], 2.6 times higher in hypertensive patients [27 (40.3%) vs 14 (20.9%), OR=2.6, 95% of 01=1.19-5.49; p<0.05], 4.2 times higher in patients with atrial fibrillation [11 (16.4%) vs 3 (4.5%)]. The mean BMI of the respondents was 21.8 (SD± 3.3) Kg/M2 in stroke patients of young and was 22.3 (SD 2.9) Kg/M2 in control group (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Ischemic stroke in young patients has wider risk factors. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and atrial fibrillation are the most common risk factors of acute ischemic stroke in young adults. Early identification of risk factors and proper prevention, treatment and life style modification may reduce the morbidity and mortality in young stroke patients.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 52-57
Lens Thickness and Associated Factors among Age-Related Cataracts Patients in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Prakash Kumar , Chowdhury Purnashree , Chowdhury Pradipta Narayan , Khan Mohammad Altaf Uddin , Akter Afroza
Published: June 2023

Background: Lens Thickness (LT) is one of the important parameters in ocular biometry. The observation of LT among cataract patients is of great importance from clinical and pathophysiological perspectives. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the LT and lens density changes concerning age, types and densities of agerelated cataracts in a sample of the Bangladeshi population.
Materials and methods: It is a prospective observational case control study. A total of 2066 (n = 2066) participants were included in the study from an Eye Hospital in Chattogram, Bangladesh. All participants underwent standard vision testing. LT was evaluated using the immersion technique with A-scan ultrasound. The types and density of cataracts were identified with a slit-lamp attached to a video camera. Cataract was classified morphologically into cortical, nuclear, and posterior sub-capsular types. Nuclear cataract was observed under oblique illumination, and retro-illumination was used to assess cortical and posterior sub-capsular cataracts. The density of the lens nucleus was graded as Emery and Little classification.
Results: Ages of the study population ranged from 40-95 years, with a mean age of 62.76 ± 9.43 years. Of the participants, 937 (45.4%) were males and 1129 (54.6%) were females. The mean LT was 4.15±0.86mm. The LT was greater in older (³60 years) patients than in the younger (41-59 years) (4.21±0.85mm versus 4.01±0.86mm, p < 0.001). The mean LT in male and female patients were, respectively, 4.18±0.89mm and 4.12±0.84mm with any statistical significance (p<0.097). The mean LT was the highest in nuclear cataracts (4.79 ± 0.39mm), followed by cortical (3.9 ± 0.73mm) and posterior sub-capsular cataracts (4.16 ± 0.93mm). The relation between LT and the Grade of cataract was insignificant (p<0.078).
Conclusion: In this large Bangladeshi age-related cataractous population, we found that thicker lenses are associated with older age and nuclear cataracts.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 58-61
Thyroid Hormone Status of School Going Children in An Urban Area of Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman AMM Minhazur , Choudhury Zabeen , Hira Hasina Momotaj
Published: June 2023

Background: Thyroid gland is the endocrine organ that secretes hormones namely, Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine hormone (T4). T3 and T4 are released in relation to the message of tropic hormone TSH, by the anterior pituitary. Absences as well as excess of thyroid hormones have harmful impacts on the overall health condition like physical and mental impediment. Poor intelligence leading to poor academic performance is frequently observed in hypothyroid children. The study was aimed to estimate serum T3, T4 and TSH levels of a group of school going children in urban area of Chattogram, Bangladesh.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted among school going children (Age: 7-12 years) of Chattogram city between January, 2022 and June 2022. Chattogram based three schools were selected by convenient sampling. A total of 500 blood samples of children were collected and serum T3, T4 and TSH levels were measured. Estimation of T3 and T4 were done by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and estimation of TSH was done by Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) in the in Vitro laboratory.
Results: Among 500 children, the estimated mean ±SD serum T3 hormone level was2.46±0.79 (Range: 1.27-5.51) nmol/L, mean ±SD serum T4 hormone level was 141.99±32.77 (Range: 86.21-239.05) nmol/L and mean ±SD serum TSH hormone level was 1.58±1.04 (Range: 0.30-3.02) mIU/L.
Conclusion: Thyroid hormone status of the study group children was found within normal limits. However, regular screening of children is suggested to identify the subclinical and unreported clinical cases, so that theiroptimum growth and development are ensured.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 67-69
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Case Report
Authors: Roy Tarun Kumar , Khan Mohammad Masudur Rahaman , Sinha Ananna , Akter Shakera , Dhali Balayat Hossain
Published: June 2023

Background: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) in children varies in presentation and progression with several challenges in optimal management. Effective treatment is to achieve normal growth and development while avoiding adrenal crisis and hyperandrogenisation though achieving the balance between over treatment and undertreatment remains challenging.
Case Presentation: A 24 days old male child presented with repeated vomiting, severe weight loss and had decreased level of activity since 7 days of age. After total clinical, radiological, pathological evaluation it was diagnosed as congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
Conclusion: The approach to its diagnosis and management was a combined multidisciplinary effort of the Departments of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Pathology.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 70-73
Desire of Women during Intrapartum Care
Authors: Porag Mafruha Khanam
Published: June 2023

Abstract not available
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 5(2), Dec 2022; 1
Association of Maternal Serum Homocysteine Levels with Pre-eclampsia
Authors: Rumi Badrunnahar , Zabin Fahmida , Hosain Nazmul , Haque Nadira , Islam Fahmida , Debnath Keya , Jahan Sharmin
Published: June 2023

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of maternal or fetal morbidity and mortality. Its pathophysiology is still an area of dilemma. Homocysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid, which damages smooth muscle of the vessel wall. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of serum homocysteine levels with preeclampsia.

Materials and methods: This case control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from April 2017 to March 2018. The study reviewed a total of 108 women with pregnancy. These participants were categorized into three groups: healthy pregnant subjects group, mild preeclampsia group and severe preeclampsia group. The three study groups were statistically similar in aspects of maternal age, gestational age and parity.

Results: The mean serum homocysteine level was found 16.4±7.9 μmol/l in mild preeclampsia group, 20.8±8.0 μmol/l in severe preeclampsia group and 8.2±3.7 μmol/l in the group of normal pregnant women. Serum homocysteine was significantly increased in severe preeclampsia and mild preeclampsia in comparison to normal group without preeclampsia. Significant positive correlation was found between systolic blood pressure (p=0.001) diastolic blood pressure (p=0.001) with serum homocysteine level.

Conclusion: The study concluded that a significant positive association was found between pre-eclampsia and maternal serum homocysteine levels. This may provide informationonthe role of homocysteine in preeclampsia with a preventive strategy of consequences of this condition.

JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 14-20
Comparison of Clinical, Hematological and Bacteriological Profile of Neonatal Sepsis between Term and Preterm Babies
Authors: Hasina Mamtaz Syeda Shahnoor , Karim Chowdhury Abu Hena Md Saiful
Published: June 2023

Background: Neonatal sepsis is an important public health problem with a high morbidity and mortality. Globally, it has been reported that preterm newborns have a 13 times greater risk of death than full term newborn babies. Clinical, hematological parameters and the spectrum of organisms causing neonatal sepsis may vary between term and preterm. Present study is a good opportunity to evaluate clinical, haematological & bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis in preterm & term.

Materials and methods: This hospital based observational and comparative study was carried out in Special Care Newborn Unit (SCANU) of Chittagong Medical College Hospital where a total of 100 clinically suspected neonatal sepsis cases was enrolled, out of which 50 were preterm and 50 term neonates. Clinical, hematological and bacteriological profiles were compared between two groups.

Results: Hypothermia was an important clinical feature occurring in 70.0% preterm and 16.0% term cases. Mean platelet count was 1.04±0.73 lacs/cmm in preterm and 1.52±0.78 lacs/cmm in term cases. In term and preterm neonates CRP were observed to be 39.42±32.99mg/L and 26.20±22.25 mg/L (p=0.021). Klebsiella species was the predominant isolated bacteria in both groups, showing 16.0% in preterm and 14.0% in term cases, followed by S. aureus, Acinetobacter species and Candida species.

Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. There is need of large scale studies, in hope of developing a better prevention policy in both term and preterm babies.

JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 21-25
Association of TIMI Risk Score with Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Bashiruddin A B K , Chowdhury Mohammad Ibrahim , Bhattachajee Biplob , Dhar Sukanta , Mahmud Iqbal , Hossain Md Sahadat , Rahim Abdur
Published: June 2023

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend that optimal management of Non ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTE-ACS) should include patient risk stratification. Predicting the anatomical extension of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is also potentially useful for clinical decision. The objective of our study was to determine whether the TIMI risk score correlates with the angiographic extent and severity of CAD in patients with NSTE- ACS.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Cardiology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) on a total of 200 patients diagnosed with NSTE - ACS. TIMI risk score was calculated for each patient and they were stratified into 3 groups according to the TIMI risk score: low risk (0-2) intermediate risk (3-4) high risk (5-7). The severity of the CAD was assessed by Gensini score.
Results: Mean (± SD) age was 53.7 (±10.8) years and 142 (71%) were male. Regarding cardiovascular risk factors, 68.5% had diabetes mellitus, 41.5% had dyslipidaemia, 77.5% had hypertension, 68% were current smoker and 35% had a family history of CAD. The Gensini score was higher in patients at high risk TIMI group. Moreover, there was a signi cant positive correlation between the TIMI and Gensini score (r=0.446). TIMI score can predict significant CAD moderately well (Area under the curve 0.661). Significantly higher proportion of patients with TIMI score more than 4 (65.9%) had significant three vessels CAD compared to patients with TIMI risk score 3-4 (17.9%) and TIMI risk score less than 3 (2%).
Conclusion: TIMI score had good predictive value in assessment the severity of CAD in patients with NSTE-ACS
JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 26-30
Role of Serum Alphafetoprotein in Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma at the Hepatology Unit of A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Raha Aloke Kumar , Sen Sunanda
Published: June 2023

Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for a large proportion of cancer deaths in Bangladesh. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a serum glycoprotein recognized as a marker for HCC, which is used to detect HCC. This study aimed to observe the level of AFP in the diagnosis of patients with HCC.

Materials and methods: This cross sectional observational study has been carried out in the Department of Hepatology, Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh, from January 2017 to December 2019. A total of 169 patients were enrolled in this research after consent. Patients were admitted to the hospital based on ultrasonographic findings and ultrasonographic guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) was done. 19 patients were lost from follow-up and 150 patients had completed the procedure and were finally evaluated. AFP was measured by automated Chemiluminescent immunoassays.

Results: The age distribution of the study patients revealed that almost one-fourth (24%) of patients belonged to 51-60 years of age. The mean age was 55.6±16.64 years ranged from 25-80 years. The majority (90%) of patients were male and 15(10%) were female. It was observed that 64(42.7%) patients had HBsAg positive and almost onethird (29.3%) patients had Anti-HCV positive. Mean serum AFP was 8615.3 ±3629.3IU/ml and the range was 5.19-172000 IU/ml.AFP level was normal (<20 IU/ml) in 30 (20%) patients, moderately elevated (20-399 IU/ml) in 99(66%) patients and markedly elevated (>400 IU/ml) in 21 (14%) patients. Mean AFP was found 997.5±1813.8 IU/ml in multifocal HCC, 250.0±157.6 IU/ml in solitary HCC and 57455.7±82995.3 IU/ml in CLD with HCC. The mean AFP is statistically significant in different USG findings.

Conclusions: Serum AFP level used alone is sufficient enough for HCC diagnosis majority of patients. But sometimes confirmation by FNAC can be helpful when confused in HCC diagnosis.

JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 40-43
Computer Vision Syndrome among Children Using Online E-Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mallik Chinmoy
Published: June 2023

Background: Since the declaration of the lockdown due to COVID-19, the usage of digital devices has gone up across the globe, resulting in a challenge for the visual systems of all ages. The aim of this study was to determine frequency, symptoms frequency and associated risk factors of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among children attending online classes during COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and methods: The online electronic survey form was prepared on the Google app. Children/parents were asked to indicate the total duration of digital device use before and during COVID era. The symptoms of CVS, its severity and frequency were recorded and measured with the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire.

Results: One hundred and sixty four parents responded to the questionnaire, of these 124 were complete. Mean age of children was 14±3.01 years. Mean duration of digital device used during COVID era was 34.11±2.08 hours which was more than pre COVID era (0.98±0.24 hours). 36.29% used digital devices >5 hours in COVID era as compared to 0% before COVID era. The most common digital device used was smartphones (62.1%). Sixty seven children (54.03%) were attending online classes for >2 hours per day. 50% of the children had CVS. Of these 25% were mild, 12.9% moderate and 12.1% of severe grade. Most common symptoms were itching and headache. Multivariate analysis revealed age >14 years, male gender, smartphone use, use of device >5 hours and mobile games >1 h/day as independent risk factors for CVS in children.

Conclusion: There is an increased prevalence of CVS among children in COVID era. Awareness about prevention of CVS should be stressed and going forward, measures to bring these adverse effects to a minimum should be explored.

JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 48-52
Prophylaxis of Post Spinal Shivering: A Comparative Study between Intravenous Ondansetron and Meperidine
Authors: Begum Shamim Ara , Hasan Sanjida , Banik Chandan Kumar , Begum Yasmin Ara , Sultana Mosammat Rehana , Chowdhury Gulshan Ara
Published: June 2023

Background: Shiveringis a common complication following anesthesia. Many drugs have been documented as a prophylaxis of postanesthesia shivering. The aim of this study was to find out a better drug as an antishivering agent.

Materials and methods: This comparative study was carried out in the Department of Anesthesiology in Chittagong Medical College Hospital over a period of 6 months starting from November 2015 to April 2016. A total 90 obstetric patients with American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I & II underwent cesarean section received placebo (Group-C, n-30), Inj-Ondansetron 8mg (Group-O, n-30) and Inj-Meperidine 0.4mg/kg (Group-M, n-30). These drugs were administered during intraoperative period just after cord clamp. Incidence of shivering, hemodynamic parameters were observed immediate after spinal anesthesia & then 5 min interval for 30 min throughout the intraoperative period.

Results: Shivering was observed in 16 patients (53.33%) of group-C, 4 patients (13.33%) of group O and 8 patients (26.66%) of group M. The number of patient with a shivering grade 3 & 4 were very highly significant (p<0.001) in group C compared with other groups at 15 min & 20 min after block & significant (p<0.05) at 25 min & 30 min after block.

Conclusion: Ondansetron was found to be more effective and haemodynamically stable drug than Meperidine in prophylaxis of post spinal shivering.

JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 53-58
The First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients in A Tertiary Level Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Das Shuva , Hoque Md Ehsanul , Rudra Sujan , Kalam Abul , Rahman Mohammad Arifur , Paul Sujat , Sharmin Sabrina , Das Priyatosh , Sultana Afreen , Rosy Mosammat Jahanara
Published: June 2023

Background: The COVID-19 has led to more than 120 million confirmed cases, with over 2.6 million deaths globally, as of March 2021. As the outbreak continues, several research activities regarding the first wave have been conducted to better understand the incidence and prevention methods. This record will play an important role to take more precautions for overcoming the second wave.

Materials and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we collected the age, sex, and the locality of the suspected and SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and tried to make a bridge among them. We conducted rRT-PCR in the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram in between May and August 2020. After that, we used a decision tree and time series evaluation to analyze the data.

Results: The highest (50.35%) positive cases were detected in the 3rd and 4th week of May. Men were significantly infected (66.2%) more than women. The 31-40 year age group was mainly affected (24.4%), and 88% of the cases belonged to urban areas.

Conclusions: The distribution of cases varied with time, and it will guide the physicians to give better support to humanity.

JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 65-71
Effect of Exposure to Cement Dust on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of Cement Factory Workers
Authors: Akhter Mahbuba , Noor Nazia , Begum Momtaz , Akhter Shahin , Datta Arunima
Published: June 2023

Background: Pollutants exerted from different industries are hazardous for both employees and the environment. Though cement industry is playing a key role in economic growth but is a major source of air pollution. Its exposure affects pulmonary functions due to alteration of structural and functional properties of lung. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is a simple, less expensive pulmonary function test which can be done by spirometer to detect obstructive changes in the respiratory tract.This study is aimed to assess the effect of cement dust on peak expiratory flow rate of workers, those who are exposed to cement dust directly in cement factory.

Materials and methods: This case control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram in collaboration with Heidelberg Cement Bangladesh Ltd at Chattogram from January 2018 to December 2018. Total 88 male workers with age ranged from 20 to 45 years were included in this study by consecutive sampling method. Case group workers were selected from those who were working at least two years in direct contact of cement dust and control group were from office workers of same factory those who were not in direct contact of cement. 44 subjects were included in each group. A predesigned data collection form was filled up by the researcher,which contained information regarding general physical status, job history, present and past disease, drug history of workers. Individual’s height, weight was measured and BMI was calculated. PEFR was assessed by a portable digital spirometer (Chestgraph HI-101, Japan) in upright sitting posture. After compiling data,statistical analyses were done by using SPSS version Windows 25. Unpaired student's 't' test was done for statistical analysis.

Results: PEFR of Control and Case group was 7.84±2.21 L/sec and 5.73±1.79 L/sec respectively. In this study Case group showed significant reduction of PEFR (p<0.001) compared to Control group workers.

Conclusion: This study result concluded that occupational exposure to cement dust has deleterious effect on lung which is evident by reduced Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) of cement exposed workers.

JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 72-77
Comparative Outcome of Short Term Versus Long Term Catheterization after Vaginal Hysterectomy
Authors: Akther Shamima , Siddiqua Shamima , Sultana Nargis , Mabud Farah Naz , Hossen Md Abul , Waddader Priyanka
Published: June 2023

Background: Urinary catheterization after vaginal hysterectomy is commonly performed to evaluate urine output and to avoid urinary retention. The aim of this study was to determine the advantages of short term catheterization in comparison to long term catheterization after vaginal hysterectomy due to uterovaginal prolapse.

Materials and methods: This randomized clinical study was conducted for 1 year (July 2014- July 2015) in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) on 100 women with 20 utero vaginal prolapse underwent vaginal hysterectomy. After selection and randomization women who had under gone vaginal hysterectomy were grouped two. Urinary catheter was removed after 24 hours in group A and after 72 hours in group B. Observations were recorded and statistical analysis performed.

Results: Study showed that duration of catheter did not affect the duration of first voiding time after removal of catheter (RR=.934). 6% of women in group A and 2% women in group B had residual volume of urine >200 ml but residual volume of urine was significantly higher in group B (RR=0.714). Re-catheterization needed 6% patients in group A and 2% in group B (RR= 3.000). Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) was significantly higher 14% versus 2% in group B than group A (RR= 0.143). Mean duration of hospital stay after operation was 2.58 days in group A and 4.16 days in group B (RR= 0.480).

Conclusion: Short term catheterization is more beneficial than long term catheterization. Because it results in low incidence of urinary tract infection, less patient discomfort and reduces the mean hospital stay.

JCMCTA 2021 ; 32 (1) : 83-88
Qualitative Behavior of the difference equation ${x_{n+1}}=\frac{{ \alpha {x_{n-m}+\eta {x_{n-k}{+\sigma {x_{n-l}}}}+}}\delta {{x_{n}}}}{{\beta +\gamma {x_{n-k}}{x_{n-l}}\left( {{x_{n-k}}+{x_{n-l}}}\right) }}$
Authors: ABD EL-MONEAM Mohamed
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we discuss some qualitative properties of the positive solutions to the following rational nonlinear difference equation ${x_{n+1}}=% \frac{{\alpha {x_{n-m}+\eta {x_{n-k}{+\sigma {x_{n-l}}}}+}}\delta {{x_{n}}}}{% {\beta +\gamma {x_{n-k}}{x_{n-l}}\left( {{x_{n-k}}+{x_{n-l}}}\right) }}$, $% n=0,1,2,...$ where the parameters $\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ,{\eta },{% \sigma }\in (0,\infty )$, while $m,k,l$ are positive integers, such that $% m