bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a new microdosimetric biological weighting function for the RBE10 assessment in case of the V79 cell line exposed to ions from 1H to 238U
Authors: Parisi Alessio , Sato Tatsuhiko , Matsuya Yusuke , Kase Yuki , Magrin Giulio , Verona Claudio , Tran Linh , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Bianchi Anna , Olko Pawel , Struelens Lara , Vanhavere Filip
Published: October 2020

An improved biological weighting function (IBWF) is proposed to phenomenologically relate microdosimetric lineal energy probability density distributions with the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for the in vitro clonogenic cell survival (surviving fraction = 10%) of the most commonly used mammalian cell line, i.e. the Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79). The IBWF, intended as a simple and robust tool for a fast RBE assessment to compare different exposure conditions in particle therapy beams, was determined through an iterative global-fitting process aimed to minimize the average relative deviation between RBE calculations and literature in vitro data in case of exposure to various types of ions from 1H to 238U. By using a single particle- and energy- independent function, it was possible to establish an univocal correlation between lineal energy and clonogenic cell survival for particles spanning over an unrestricted linear energy transfer range of almost five orders of magnitude (0.2 keV µm−1 to 15 000 keV µm−1 in liquid water). The average deviation between IBWF-derived RBE values and the published in vitro data was ∼14%. The IBWF results were also compared with corresponding calculations (in vitro RBE10 for the V79 cell line) performed using the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (modified MKM). Furthermore, RBE values computed with the reference biological weighting function (BWF) for the in vivo early intestine tolerance in mice were included for comparison and to further explore potential correlations between the BWF results and the in vitro RBE as reported in previous studies. The results suggest that the modified MKM possess limitations in reproducing the experimental in vitro RBE10 for the V79 cell line in case of ions heavier than 20Ne. Furthermore, due to the different modelled endpoint, marked deviations were found between the RBE values assessed using the reference BWF and the IBWF for ions heavier than 2H. Finally, the IBWF was unchangingly applied to calculate RBE values by processing lineal energy density distributions experimentally measured with eight different microdosimeters in 19 1H and 12C beams at ten different facilities (eight clinical and two research ones). Despite the differences between the detectors, irradiation facilities, beam profiles (pristine or spread out Bragg peak), maximum beam energy, beam delivery (passive or active scanning), energy degradation system (water, PMMA, polyamide or low-density polyethylene), the obtained IBWF-based RBE trends were found to be in good agreement with the corresponding ones in case of computer-simulated microdosimetric spectra (average relative deviation equal to 0.8% and 5.7% for 1H and 12C ions respectively).
Optimization of solid tank design for fan-beam optical CT based 3D radiation dosimetry
Authors: Ogilvy A , Collins S , Tuokko T , Hilts M , Deardon R , Hare W , Jirasek A
Published: October 2020

Optical computed tomography (CT) is one of the leading modalities for imaging gel dosimeters for 3D radiation dosimetry. There exist multiple scanner designs that have showcased excellent 3D dose verification capabilities of optical CT gel dosimetry. However, due to multiple experimental and reconstruction based factors there is currently no single scanner that has become a preferred standard. A significant challenge with setup and maintenance can be attributed to maintaining a large refractive index bath (1–15 l). In this work, a prototype solid ‘tank’ optical CT scanner is proposed that minimizes the volume of refractive index bath to between 10 and 35 ml. A ray-path simulator was created to optimize the design such that the solid tank geometry maximizes light collection across the detector array, maximizes the volume of the dosimeter scanned, and maximizes the collected signal dynamic range. An objective function was created to score possible geometries, and was optimized to find a local maximum geometry score from a set of possible design parameters. The design parameters optimized include the block length x

bl
, bore position x

bc
, fan-laser position x

lp
, lens block face semi-major axis length x

ma
, and the lens block face eccentricity x

be
. For the proposed design it was found that each of these parameters can have a significant effect on the signal collection efficacy within the scanner. Simulations scores are specific to the attenuation characteristics and refractive index of a simulated dosimeter. It was found that for a FlexyDos3D dosimeter, the ideal values for each of the five variables were: x

bl
= 314 mm, x

bc
= 6.5 mm, x

lp
= 50 mm, x

ma
= 66 mm, and x

be
= 0. In addition, a ClearView™ dosimeter was found to have ideal values at: x

bl
= 204 mm, x

bc
= 13 mm, x

lp
= 58 mm, x

ma
= 69 mm, and x

be
= 0. The ray simulator can also be used for further design and testing of new, unique and purpose-built optical CT geometries.
A convolutional neural network-based anthropomorphic model observer for signal-known-statistically and background-known-statistically detection tasks
Authors: Han Minah , Baek Jongduk
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study is implementation of an anthropomorphic model observer using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for signal-known-statistically (SKS) and background-known-statistically (BKS) detection tasks. We conduct SKS/BKS detection tasks on simulated cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images with eight types of signal and randomly varied breast anatomical backgrounds. To predict human observer performance, we use conventional anthropomorphic model observers (i.e. the non-prewhitening observer with an eye-filter, the dense difference-of-Gaussian channelized Hotelling observer (CHO), and the Gabor CHO) and implement CNN-based model observer. We propose an effective data labeling strategy for CNN training reflecting the inefficiency of human observer decision-making on detection and investigate various CNN architectures (from single-layer to four-layer). We compare the abilities of CNN-based and conventional model observers to predict human observer performance for different background noise structures. The three-layer CNN trained with labeled data generated by our proposed labeling strategy predicts human observer performance better than conventional model observers for different noise structures in CBCT images. This network also shows good correlation with human observer performance for general tasks when training and testing images have different noise structures.
Fast quenching of metastable O2(a
1Δ
g
) and O2(b
1Σ
g

+) molecules by O(3P) atoms at high temperature
Authors: Volynets A V , Lopaev D V , Rakhimova T V , Proshina O V , Chukalovsky A A , Booth J P
Published: October 2020

Oxygen molecules in the lowest metastable state, O2(a
1Δ
g
), play an important role in oxygen plasmas due to their high reactivity and significant concentrations. The accumulation of high densities of O2(a
1Δ
g
) occurs due to its low quenching rate. This paper demonstrates the existence, at high gas temperatures (700–1700 K), of fast quenching of O2(a
1Δ
g
) by O(3P) atoms, a process that has not been considered in previous models. Experiments were carried out at oxygen pressures of 10–100 Torr in an 81 MHz CCP discharge in a quartz tube with external electrodes. This setup provides high absorbed power density, leading to both high gas temperatures and significant O(3P) densities. We observe that the O2(a
1Δ
g
) density is significantly limited at high gas temperatures by rapid quenching by atomic oxygen. The results were interpreted using a self-consistent 1D discharge model. The observations can only be explained by the inclusion of a rapid quenching reaction: O2(a
1Δ
g
) + O(3P) → O2(X3Σ
g

−) + O(3P), with an activation energy in the range of 0.54–0.69 eV. The rate constant was determined over a wide range of discharge conditions (P = 20–100 Torr and T
g = 800–1700 K), giving values between 3 × 10−11 exp(−8000/T) cm3 s−1 to 1.5 × 10−11 exp(−6300/T) cm3 s−1. A possible mechanism for this process is discussed. Measurements of the density of metastable O2(b
1Σ
g

+) molecules also indicated the existence of quenching by atomic oxygen, with a somewhat lower activation energy of ∼0.32 eV. The variations of the measured [O2(b
1Σ
g

+)]/N mole-fraction could be fitted by the model using a rate constant 2 × 10−11 × exp(−3700/T) cm3 s−1 for this process. These quenching processes of metastable O2(a
1Δ
g
) and O2(b
1Σ
g

+) molecules by oxygen atoms are important for oxygen plasmas and could have a significant impact on the kinetics of oxygen-containing mixtures at higher gas temperatures, for example in plasma-assisted combustion or in high-pressure plasma processing reactors.
High current ion beam formation with strongly inhomogeneous electrostatic field
Authors: Vybin S S , Izotov I V , Skalyga V A
Published: October 2020

A new approach to the development of extraction systems capable of forming ion beams with previously inaccessible intensity is proposed. The use of inhomogeneous accelerating field allows to improve the ion beam formation efficiency significantly. The increase of electric field magnitude is achieved by changing the shape of the electrodes only, without increasing the accelerating voltage and decreasing the interelectrode distance. The comparison is made between a new extraction system and a flat traditional one, which is the most common. The use of a new electrode geometry allows to increase the lifetime of the electrodes in sources of intense beams operating in a continuous wave mode. For electron cyclotron resonance ion sources, results demonstrate the possibility to form high-quality ion beams with a current density of more than 1A cm−2.
The influence of driven asymmetry on yield degradation in shaped-pulse indirect-drive implosion experiments at the 100 kJ laser facility
Authors: Yan Ji , Shen Hao , Chen Zhong Jing , Cao Hui , Sun Chuan Kui , Dai Zhen Sheng , Li Ji Wei , Jiang Wei , Song Zi Feng , Peng Xiao Shi , Zhang Xing , Yu Bo , Pu Yu Dong , Huang Tian Xuan , Dong Yun Song , Wang Li Feng , Jiang Shao′En , He Xian Tu
Published: October 2020

The influence of low-mode-driven asymmetry on yield degradation in shaped-pulse indirect-drive implosions has been investigated at the 100 kJ laser facility. In this work, P2- and P4-driven asymmetries were tuned by varying hohlraum gas-fill density and capsule diameter. The measured neutron yield varied from 2.1 × 109 to 7.6 × 109 and the yield measured by a 1D simulation (YOC1D) was increased from 3% to 16%. Meanwhile, considering the temporal P2- and P4-driven asymmetries, the yields measured by 2D simulations (YOC2D) were from 26% to 81% (the YOC2D of the majority of the shots was higher than 50%). Furthermore, both the ion temperature and neutron bang-time showed good agreement between the measurements and the 2D simulations. The simulations demonstrated that the temporal P2- and P4-driven asymmetries can decrease the efficiency of PdV work and increase the energy loss due to electron thermal conduction. In addition, the internal energy of the deuterium (DD) fuel clearly decreased and the neutron yield was degraded by low-mode asymmetry. In a future work, we will enlarge the cylindrical hohlraum diameter or use an I-hohlraum to improve the low-mode-driven symmetry, along with measurement of the hot-spot shape.
Fabrication of nanocrystalline cellulose from banana peel obtained from unripe plantain bananas
Authors: Shreedhana K , Ilavarasi R
Published: October 2020

Nanocellulose has been thought of as a more cost-effective various to carbon fiber and optical fiber for a few applications, associate degree is additionally thought of a helpful material by the paper and pulp industries that use nanocellulose as an economical suggests that to extend permeability in many product like napkins, ketches towels, etc. The nanocrystalline cellulose may be fully biobased or chemical based. NCC extracted from the cellulose of banana peel is considered to be a biodegradable and one of the bio-compatible materials. They are also considered to be attractive biomaterial. They are also strong and are highly crystalline with high thermal stability. NCC from banana peel also plays a significant role in packaging pharmaceuticals, biomedical, transparent material. Here we study the synthesis process of NCC from BP. The extracted NCC from BP is characterized using SEM, UV and FTIR.
Assessment of potential radiological risks due to natural gamma radiations in some selected rock samples using y-ray spectrometry
Authors: Hamoud Al-khawlany Abdu , Khan A R , Pathan J M , Fatema Ifra
Published: October 2020

One of the sources of radiation risk in dwellings made of rocks is primordial radionuclides. It is imperative to assess the levels of radioactivity due to gamma rays from these materials and consequently to determine the dose rate from these materials. Fourteen samples of rock were collected from various sites of Aurangabad-India and the level of radioactivity and elemental compositions of samples have been measured utilizing y-ray spectroscopy and EDXRF technique. The findings showed that the mean activity concentrations of the 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 6.883, 10.841 and 128.616 Bq/kg, lower than the global average values of 35, 30, and 400 Bq/kg. The obtained results were compared with the worldwide average as well as with similar studies. The ratios among the detected radioisotopes in rocks were computed for the spatial distribution of natural radionuclides in the studied area. The radiological risk parameters were estimated and compared with internationally recommended values. The Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between the radionuclide concentration and radioactive variables, as well as with the elemental compositions. EDXRF results indicate that SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, CaO, TiO2, Na2O, MgO, P2O5, MnO, and Fe2O3 are the major oxides present in the samples. Moreover, heavy metals such as V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ba, Cd, Hg, and Pb with varying concentrations were detected. The radiological assessment indicated that the rocks of the study area are radiologically safe and may be used for construction without causing any threat to human health.
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles Prepared by Solution Combustion Method
Authors: Bharati V. A. , Patade Supriya R. , Bajaj Shakti , Parlikar Rekha , Keche A P , Sondur V. V.
Published: October 2020

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles with chemical formula NiFe2O4 were prepared by standard sol-gel auto ignition technique. Citric acid was used as chelating agent and mixed with solution of nickel nitrate and ferric nitrate in 3:1 proportion to balance the oxidizer to reducer ratio. The obtained particles were sintered at 550°C for 4h to remove the water content, impurity and to obtain better crystallinity. The phase purity and structural formation was confirmed through the analysis of X-ray diffraction technique. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis show the single phase cubic spinel nanocrystalline structure. The particles size calculated from FWHM of the strongest peak (311) is 22 nm in the nanometer dimension. The lattice constant, X-ray density and other structural parameters calculated from XRD data are in good agreement with the literature values. The magnetic measurements were taken at room temperature using hysteresis loop technique. Using M-H plot, the different magnetic parameters such as saturation magnetization, coercivity, remanence magnetization and magneton number were deduced.
Influence of fuel to metal nitrate ratio on the structural properties of nickel ferrite
Authors: Dudhal R D , Patade S , Andhare D , Paralikar R , Chilwar R , More S D
Published: October 2020

Sol-gel auto combustion synthesis is one of the best chemical methods for the synthesis of ferrite nano-particles. The ratio of fuel to nitrate is an important parameter in obtaining nano-particles of high quality. In the present paper we communicate our experimental results based on the influence of fuel to metal nitrate ratio on the structural properties of nickel ferrite. Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were prepared by a well-known sol-gel auto combustion method taking citric acid as a fuel. We have prepared nano-particles of nickel ferrite using different ratios of fuel to metal nitrate 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. These samples are named as NF1, NF2, NF3 and NF4 respectively. All the samples are thermally characterized by TG-DTA. The TG-DTA analysis confirmed the ferritization temperature, which varies slightly as the ratio of fuel to metal nitrate varies. All the samples were sintered at an average temperature of 560 0C for 4 hours and used for further study. XRD was used to study the structure and phase purity of prepared nanoparticles. It has been concluded from XRD analysis that all the samples NF1, NF2, NF3 and NF4 show single phase nature with cubic structure. The crystallite size was obtained by Scherrer’s formula. It is found that the fuel to nitrate ratio influences the structural properties of nickel ferrite.
Effects on Structural, Functional groups and Photo Luminance Properties of Copper Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Sable Pradip B. , Thabet Nabeel , Yaseen Jameel , Botewad Sunil N. , Gaikwad D.K. , Joshi A. A. , Dharne G. M.
Published: October 2020

Abstract Present study we reported the structural, optical and functional group study of copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. In this study doping concentration of copper (0.2, 0.4, 0.6) was incorporated in zinc oxide. All the synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and studied the photo luminance (PL) property. XRD study confirms the structural and purity of ZnO and Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles. The average grain size of pure ZnO was calculated by Scherrer formula and it varied according to doping concentration from 25.10 to 20.26 nm. The average grain size of pure ZnO was decreased for Cu-doped samples. The presence of functional groups and chemical bonding were confirmed by FTIR. Due to the doping concentration of copper the structural, functional group and photo luminance properties of ZnO was changed drastically.
Synthesis of Vanadium Ferrite Nanoparticles By Microwave Assisted Technique
Authors: Vilvanathaprabu A , Ravikumar Balaji , Perumal Seenuvasakumaran
Published: October 2020

Among the magnetic materials ferrites are of great interest due to its distinctive properties. Ferrites exhibit a spontaneous magnetic moment below a Curie temperature and act as insulators at low temperature. Sincethey have been used in number of technological applications like microwave devices, magnetic and magneto optic recording, data storage etc. The incredible magnetic, electric and dielectric properties of ferrites make them more attractive and applicable in the current field of science and technology. In the present study vanadium ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized by microwave assisted method. The structural properties of synthesized nanoparticles are carried out from X-ray diffraction technique. The presence of peaks confirms the crystalline nature of the vanadium ferrite nanoparticles. The crystal structure, crystalline size (D), Dislocation density (8) is determined from XRD data. Also using Williamson-Hall plot micro strain value is calculated.The different molecular vibrations are confirmed through Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) vibration spectra. From the Ultra Violet Spectroscopicdata using the Tauc relation, the energy gap (Eg) at the edge of absorbance band is calculated as 4.28eV for direct and 4.84 eV for indirect transition. The morphological studies are done through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). From the SEM micrographs we confirm the presence of spherical nanoparticles and they are arranged uniformly. From VSM analysis, we calculated the saturation magnetization as 20.00 emu, coercivity as 125.96 g, and retentivity is 130.45 emu.
AC conductivity in SeTeAg/PMMA composites solid electrolyte
Authors: Gupta Anubha , Malik K. , Kumar R.
Published: October 2020

SeTeAg glasses are prepared by melt quenching technique. The (Se80Te20)100-xAg*/PMMA (where x =2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) composites are prepared by solution casting method. The bulk samples are characterized by XRD, DSC and SEM. DSC scan reveals that the prepared samples are composites because both phases show their separated glass transition temperature Tg and melting temperature Tm. Complex impedance spectroscopy is used to carry out the electrical measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 100 KHz. Frequency dependent of the real and imaginary parts of the impedance plotted in the complex plane, were used to calculate the conductivity of different compositions of (Se80Te20)100-xAg/PMMA composites. It has been observed that the room temperature conductivity of the composite increases with increase in Ag content form 1.31×10-5 to 1.15×10-4
(Q. cm)1, while their corresponding activation energies are decreasing. It has also been concluded that conduction is thermally activated with single activation energy.
Mono and hybrid nanofluid based heat sink technologies - A review
Authors: Chandravadhana A , NandaKumar V , Venkatramanan K
Published: October 2020

This paper presents a review of mono and hybrid nanofluid using heat sink technologies, which is the foremost task of new generation technology in cooling electronic devices. Heat generation in a tiny electronic device is the main factor to be prevented to enhance the heat transfer. One prominent remedy for this problem is to adopt mono and hybrid nanofluid based microchannel heat sinks are considered to be the recent trends.In this article, a state-of-the-art review of heat sinks, nanofluids preparation and characterization techniques have been carried out. The study begins with an overview of the heat sink, designing parameters, research work carried out in the last decade using mono nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids followed by the analysis of the research work carried out in the last decade in terms of different geometries of MCHS to examine the diverse factors like pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, and critical heat flux. Current challenges and opportunities for future research are presented as well.
Rare Earth Ion (La3+) Doped BaTiO3 Perovskite Nanoceramics for Spintronic Applications
Authors: Devmunde B. H. , Somwanshi Saurabh B. , Kharat Prashant B. , Solunke Madhukar B.
Published: October 2020

The present study reports the structural and morphological investigation of La3+ doped BaTiO3 nanoceramics prepared by combustion synthesis. The effect of La3+ doping on the structural and morphological properties was examined by the X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) technique. Room temperature XRD analysis shows that prepared samples are in a single phase with the tetragonal structure. Structural parameters like average crystallite size (D) and lattice constant (a and c) were calculated from the XRD data. The surface morphology of the samples was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique. It was found that the nanoparticles are in tetragonal shape with agglomeration to the some extent. All the outcomes show that La doped BaTiO3 nanoceramics are promising candidates for spintronic applications.
Multiferroic Fe3+ ion doped BaTiO3 Perovskite Nanoceramics: Structural, Optical, Electrical and Dielectric Investigations
Authors: Bhoyar Dhananjay N. , Somvanshi Sandeep B. , Nalle P. B. , Mande V. K. , Pandit A.A. , Jadhav K. M.
Published: October 2020

In the present investigation, nano crystalline Sr0.5Ba0.5Ti1-xFexO3 (x = 0.00, 0.15, 0.20) nanoparticles (BST) were synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method. The effect of iron (Fe) doping on the structural, electric and dielectric and optical properties examined by the X-Ray diffraction (XRD), two probe and UV-vis techniques. XRD analysis shows that prepared samples are in a single phase with the tetragonal structure at room temperature. Structural parameters like average crystallite size (D) and lattice constant (a and c) were calculated from the XRD data. The surface morphology of the samples was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) technique. It was found that the nanoparticles are cubic in shape for parent BST nanoparticle whereas Fe doped shows tetragonal shape. Energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) reveals that compositional elements are in stoichiometry proportion. The DC electrical resistivity measurements of the prepared samples were carried out in the temperature range of 300-850 K using a standard two-probe method. The electrical resistivity (ρ) decreases with temperature and Fe concentration. The frequency dependence of dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant (□) and loss tangent (tan □) was measured at room temperature in the frequency range of 30Hz to 1MHz. The dielectric parameters show strong compositional as well as frequency dependence. The higher values of dielectric parameters were found at lower frequencies. UV-visible absorption spectra showed that absorption edge shifted to higher wavelength with increasing Fe concentration while corresponding energy band gap of the prepared nanoceramics decreases with increasing Fe concentration.
Low-cost Fabrication of Cu doped ZnO (Zn0.95Cu0.05O) Film for Enhanced Gas Sensing Applications
Authors: Wadatkar A. S. , Kharat Prashant B. , Ambhore Ajay V. , Onkar S. G.
Published: October 2020

Cu doped ZnO film (Zn0.95Cu0.05O) was fabricated by simple and cost-effective screen printing method. The structural and optical properties of prepared film was studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques respectively. XRD analysis revealed the polycrystalline nature of prepared film with hexagonal structure. The optical band gap determined from UV-Vis analysis was found to be 3.40 eV. The gas sensing performance of prepared film was studied at room temperature toward different concentrations of NO2 ranging in between 1ppm – 5ppm. The response and recovery time was noted as 13s and 92s respectively. All these outcomes shows that the Cu doped ZnO film shows enhanced gas sensing performance and can be utilized for industrial scale production of gas sensors.
Gamma Ray Attenuation Properties Biomedical Important Organic Compounds
Authors: Huse S.D. , Obaid S. S. , Joshi A. A. , Gaikwad D. K. , Pawar P.P. , Shitre A.R.
Published: October 2020

Gamma ray attenuation parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (µm),total atomic cross section (6t), electronic cross section (6e), effective atomic number (Zeff),Effective electron density(Neff), for Acetylsalicylic acid ( C9H8O4 ), Acetic acid (C2H4O2), Acetergamine (C4H7N5 ), Usnic Acid (C18H16O7), Erucic Acid (C22H42O2), Formic Acid (CH2O2)in the diagnostic energy range (0.122-1.330 MeV) were determined experimentally theoretically. Theoretical values were obtained from XCOMcode. In experiment, NaI(Tl) scintillation detector housed in a narrow beam geometry set up was utilized the measured attenuation of gamma rays. All samples were irradiated to gamma rays using point radioactive sources 57CO,133Ba,22Na,137Cs, 54Mn, and 60Co. From the obtained results of um6t,6e, Zeff and Neff, it is found that these gamma ray attenuation parameters of selected samples are affected by change in the energy of incoming photons. A fairly good agreement was observed between measured and XCOM data. The attenuation parameters were decreased with increase in energy of photons owing to the dominant photon interaction in the energy range 0.122 to 1.33 MeV except Zeff and Neff. The Zeff values of the organic compounds were observed between ∼3 to ∼4, agreed well with average atomic number.
Mapping of Parkia speciosa (petai) land suitability distribution as one of multipurpose tree species (MPTS) at community agroforestry land
Authors: Rahmawaty  , Batubara R , Marpaung RME , Rauf A
Published: October 2020

In Indonesia, Parkia speciosa (petai) is one of multy purpose tree species (MPTS). It belongs to the Fabaceae family and commonly found in agroforestry land in North Sumatera. This study aimed to map the distribution of land suitability for P. speciosa in Peria-ria Village and Sari Laba Jahe Village, Biru-biru Sub-district, Deli Serdang District, North Sumtera Province, Indonesia. This research was conducted by a survey method to collect soil samples based on the land unit yhat was obtained from overlay soil map, land use map, and slope map. Land suitability was evaluated based on the matching method. The Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the distribution of land suitability class. The results showed that the actual land suitability class for P. speciosa were moderately suitable (S2) (8.25%), marginally suitable (S3) (14.26%) and not suitable (N) (77.5%) in this area. Erosion hazard (eh), root zone medium (rc), availability of water (wa), and nutrient retention (nr) were the dominant of limiting factor in this area. The most difficult constrain to counter were root zone medium and water availability.
The correlation between Ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) dimension and geometry with its modulus of elasticity
Authors: Kartini  , Nugroho N , Bahtiar E T
Published: October 2020

Traditionally, Indonesian people are used to using bamboo as construction material. Whole bamboo stems (bamboo culm) which is round and hollow, has several segments and tapered. Regarding the development of bamboo utilization for construction material, testing standards and code of practices are needed to ensure the users safety. The quality of bamboo construction can be improved by using a stress grading system. Therefore, this research is needed to obtain the grading variable that influences the modulus of elasticity of Ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris). Based on analysis of their variable, bamboo’s dimension and geometry are not affecting modulus elasticity value. This result shows that the further research for grading system is required to obtain identify characteristics parameter of Bambusa vulgaris that correlate with the modulus of elasticity.
Diversity of vegetation in three cover types of forest at Mappi District, Papua
Authors: Alhamd Laode
Published: October 2020

Diversity of vegetation in three cover types of forest, Mappi, Papua. Mappi District, located in southern part of Papua, is one area that has a unique forest area especially in biodiversity species of flora. The aim of this study is to know tha types of vegetation and their potential. Observations were made using 9 plots, 20 × 20 m2 in size of each plot; as tree (DBH [Diameter at Breast Height] > 20 cm), 10 x 10 m2 in size; as pole (10 < DBH <20 cm), 5 × 5 m2; as sapling (DBH <10 cm) and 2 × 2 m2; as seedling. All vegetation in the plot are inventoried according to their growth rate. The location of the observation is based on land covers, namely swamp, secondary dryland and primary dryland forests. The results showed that the ecosystem in the swamp forest is located on the banks of the river with vegetation cover varying up to the mainland, such as Pandanus tectorius, Stenoclaena palustris, Cerbera manghas, where the species S. palustris is the species that mostly covers the forest floor. In the secondary forest, the vegetation types were consisted of Tristaniopsis ferruginea, Canarium denticulatum, Rhodamnia cinerea, Aporosa sp. and Palaquium sp. While in the primary dryland forests had stands of several species with high canopy and the forest floor covered by thin litter as lowland forest ecosystems, such as Santiria apiculata, S. laevigata, Cryptocarya crassinervia, Fagraea racemosa, Gonystylus macrophyllus, Vatica rassak and Prunus arborea.
Stability analysis of a Pichia pastoris recombinant clone expressing human insulin precursor
Authors: Nurdiani D , Hariyatun  , Utami N , Putro E W , Kusharyoto W
Published: October 2020

Current recombinant human insulin production utilizes two major expression systems,Escherichia coliandSaccharomyces cerevisiae-based expression systems. Methylotropic yeast,Pichia pastoris, has appeared as a promising alternate yeast recombinant host for insulin precursor (IP) expression due to its ability to produce high titers, efficient secretion, and growth to very high cell densities. Similar to theS. cerevisiaesystem,P. pastorissecreted soluble IP into the culture supernatant. In the previous study, we have establishedP. pastorisrecombinant clones harboring synthetic insulin precursor (IP) expression cassette integrated into their genomes through homologous recombination. It is essential to verify that the expression cassettes of the IP encoding gene remain stably integrated with the genome during such prolonged methanol induction. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the stability of one recombinant clone (CL-4) expressing the human insulin precursor by verifying the stable integration of the IP expression cassette into the genome by PCR, and the IP protein expression after prolonged methanol induction over 70 generations. We found that the expression cassette was stably integrated into the genome of the CL-4 recombinant clone and the IP expression was sustained after 72 generations of cultivations in the culture and induction media without antibiotic selection.
Phenotypic and molecular changes in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) genotypes as a response to water-deficit stress
Authors: Wahyuni Y , Supatmi  , Sri Hartati N , Sudarmonowati E
Published: October 2020

Three local Indonesian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) genotypes, Adira 4, Roti, and Ubi Kuning retained their growth under a water deficit environment. To understand the physiological and molecular responses of cassava plants under such stress, we observed leaf stomata characteristics, i.e. stomata dimension (width and length) and density, and molecular expression of aquaporin (AQP) gene, respectively. The observation was performed on all genotypes on day 26 and 45 after water-deficit treatment. Quantification of gene expression was performed by comparing the threshold cycle (Ct) values of AQP with Ct values β-tubulin for each genotype. Results showed that water deficit treatment significantly affected both stomata density, length and width in all genotypes. On day 26 after treatment, the density of stomata in Roti and Ubi Kuning increased two times higher than the stomata density in plants under well-watered supply. Stomata length of Roti and Adira 4 under water stress was 0.4 times shorter than those under normal water supply. Relative expression of AQP, encoding AQP PIP2 proteins, in the Roti genotype showed that the gene transcripts have no significant elevation after experiencing water stress. In Adira 4, the expressions of AQP increased two-times at day 26 under water-deficit treatment compared with AQP expressions in well-watered treatment and continued to elevate up to three times higher at day 45 than those of expressed in Adira 4 plants under well-water treatment. In addition to stomata phenotypic changes, Ubi Kuning may regulate its water channel proteins AQP PIP2 to control turgor pressure in the beginning phase of water stress conditions. These results showed that three cassava genotypes responded differently under water deficit stress and these may serve as basic knowledge for further analysis.
Effect of glucose, sucrose, and lactose solution on the stability of betacyanin pigment from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peels
Authors: Pamungkas M S , Rahayuningsih E , Kusumastuti Y
Published: October 2020

People use peels, stems, leaves, and fruits of plants as a natural colorant. One part of fruit peel that has potentially used as a food colorant is red dragon fruit peels. The pigments found are betacyanin, but betacyanin compounds are easily degraded by heat, pH, and light. Degradation of betacyanin forms betalamic acid compounds (yellow) and cyclo-DOPA acids (cloroless). In this work, an attempt was made to increase the stability of betacyanin pigment against temperature by adding stabilizer such as glucose, sucrose, and lactose. Betacyanin extract was obtained from extraction using water solvent at pH 6 with a ratio of 1:4 (w/v). Extract was diluted and added stabilizer at concentration 0 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm. The solution was heated in a water bath at temperature of 60 °C for 1 hour. The content of betacyanin was examined by a UV-VIS spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 534.8 nm every 15 minutes. The retention value for 150 ppm of lactose was the greatest of all the stabilizer with the value of 61.95%. Pigment betacyanin was degraded more slowly in a lactose solution. The highest half-life time increased by 24.24% for dissolution in 150 ppm lactose. Thus, lactose has the potential to increase the stability of betacyanin.
Preparation of Carbon Monolith Derived from Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resin and Its Application for Antibiotic Adsorption
Authors: Fajrin FA , Prasetyo I , Ariyanto T
Published: October 2020

The presence of antibiotics in wastewater discharged to the waterbody has negative effects. The antibiotics can induce bacteria to be persistent. Hence, efforts to limit the concentration of antibiotics in wastewater are required. In this work, the removal of antibiotics was performed by adsorption using nanoporous carbon in the form of a monolith. The carbon monolith was prepared by pyrolysis of templated resorcinol formaldehyde polymer at 600°C and 800°C. The material was characterized systematically by scanning electron microscopy and an N2-sorption analyzer. As a comparison, commercial carbon of coconut shell-derived was also employed in the study. The characterization showed that porous carbon monolith has a high specific surface area up to 594 m2/g. In the adsorption test, the results indicated that carbon monolith was better at adsorbing antibiotics compared to the commercial one.
Expression Analyses of Methylase Genes of Ppamc125 In Methylating Pbbre194 Prot-CM1 Plasmid In Escherichia Coli DH5a and TOP10
Authors: Priyanka VA , Helianti I , Ulfah M , Mulyawati L , Abinawanto
Published: October 2020

In molecular biological techniques, bacterial transformation is an essential process to strain improvement. However, transformation rate into wild type bacteria is commonly low because of the cell defense mechanism of the bacteria. Restriction modification (RM) in bacteria cells can prevent the introduction of recombinant plasmids into target bacteria. Previously, the transformation of recombinant shuttle vector pBBRE194 containing protease gene into wild type Bacillus halodurans CM1 (pBBRE194 prot-CM1) has been conducted. However, the transformation rate seemed low, and the stable recombinant clones could not be obtained. Therefore, in vivo methylation of this plasmid in E. coli has to be done before genetic transformation into the wild type bacterium, to obtain stable recombinant CM1 clones. In this study, a plasmid with artificial modification (pPAMC125) harboring genes encoding for the modification enzymes (methylases) from another strain, B. halodurans C-125, and a shuttle E.coli-Bacillus vector pBBRE194 prot-CM1 plasmid were transformed simultaneously into E. coli DH5a and TOP10, respectively. The expression of methylation enzymes genes carried by pPAMC125 in the presence of different L-arabinose concentration was observed via SDS-PAGE analyses. The analysis of the effect of these genes expression towards plasmid pBBRE194 prot-CM1 was performed by digesting the plasmid with the extracted cell of B. halodurans CM1. The digestion pattern was analyzed via DNA electrophoresis. As a result, compared to E. coli DH5a, E. coli TOP10 exhibited better condition for methylase genes expression with the result that pBBRE194 prot-CM1 plasmid was not be completely degraded by B. halodurans CM1 restriction endonuclease.
Biocontrol of Postharvest Colletotrichum Decay in Red Chili and Tomato with Bacillus SubtilisATCC 21556
Authors: Yuliar
Published: October 2020

Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21556 produces the highest an antifungal of iturin A compared to the other three of B. subtilis strains ATCC 15841, ATCC 27505, and ATCC 21770. An Iturin A has a wide antifungal spectrum activity, therefore making it an ideal potential for controlling of the fungal diseases of crop not only for preharvest but also for postharvest control. This research work if very useful to overcome the problem of decreased post-harvest production of chili and tomato that caused by the fungal pathogen. Many of the fungi cause of postharvest disease in various fruits and vegetables. Biological control of postharvest diseases has emerged as an effective alternative control since the impact of chemical control of post-harvest disease cause serious consequences for human health and the environment. Twenty microliters of B. subtilis ATCC 21556 (approximately 1 x 107 cell mL-1) were injected into the fruit of red chillies and tomatoes to control its postharvest diseases caused by fungal of Colletotrichum scovillei 244830. The lesion diameter of C. scovillei 244830 significantly (p<0.005) reduced about 52-64% in chili and 39-44% in tomato. An invitro test showed that percent growth inhibition of B. subtilis ATCC 21556 against C. scovillei 244830 was about 52.38% at 14 days of the incubation time. For successful infection of the fungal pathogens into the host plants, they produce the extracellular enzymes. Qualitative test of the extracellular enzymes showed that C. scovillei 244830 produced the enzymes of amylase, laccase, lipase, pectate lyase, and protease and it did not produce polygalacturonase.
Assessment of Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Tempe and Tape
Authors: Sulistiani  , Novarina I , Inawati  , Dinoto A , Julistiono H , Handayani R , Saputra S
Published: October 2020

Probiotics are living organisms with many beneficial effects on the health of host if consumed in sufficient quantities. These beneficial effects have been initiating efforts directed towards exploring strains Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) as probiotic from fermented food such tempe and tape. Although several groups of microorganism from fermented foods such as tempe and tape were reported, the potential LAB derived from those food sources is limited. The aim of this study was to assess probiotic candidate from LAB strains isolated from tempe and tape based on in vitro analysis. A total of 30 LAB isolates were tested for probiotic properties including tolerance to bile salt and acid, antimicrobial activity, simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and simulated intestinal juice (SIJ), physiology and enzymatic properties. The results showed eight bacterial isolates (Pediococcus pentosaceus Su-ls13, P. pentosaceus Su-ls14, Enterococcus faecalis Su-ls15, P. pentosaceus Su-ls16, P. pentosaceus Su-ls21, P. pentosaceus Su-ls22, P. pentosaceus Su-ls24 and Lactobacillus plantarum Su-ls29) fulfilled the criteria as probiotic candidates, including the capability of producing antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the growth of 12 pathogenic bacteria, have survivability under the condition of (or high tolerance to) low pH, and being exposed to bile salt, simulated gastric juice and simulated intestinal juice. All isolates were able to grow at NaCl 3-6.5%, 30-45°C and produce phytase. In addition, six isolates (Su-ls13, Su-ls14, Su-ls15, Su-ls16, Su-ls21, Su-ls22) were able to produce protease and two isolates (Su-ls22, Su-ls24) were able to produce amylase.
Land Surface Temperature Estimation After A Decade of Aceh Tsunami (Case Study of West Aceh District of 2013 Data)
Authors: Rusdi M , Suri N A , Nizamuddin  , Ardiansyah  , Sugianto  , Muzailin  , Jefriza
Published: October 2020

Thermal images of Landsat satellite can be utilized by estimating the land surface temperature. Moreover, retrieving the temperature estimation before the current event can be done using temporal analysis. Land surface temperature estimation requires Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) value through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) approach. The result showed that the average land surface temperature in West Aceh District in 2013 was 26.07 °C. The result also showed that the spatial distribution of temperature spread accordingly following the transect pattern. The temperature in the coastal areas was higher than the hinterland. This phenomenon is due to high built-up in the coastal regions, whereby vegetation is dominant in the hinterland areas.
A Comparative Analysis of the Wind and Significant Wave Height on the Extreme Weather Events (TC Cempaka and TC Dahlia) in the Southern Sea of Java, Indonesia
Authors: Avia L Q
Published: October 2020

The tropical cyclones (TCs) are a serious danger to marine and coastal areas in the tropics because they cause strong winds and extreme sea wave height. The combination of these two parameters will be dangerous for shipping safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Tropical cyclone on significant wave heights and surface winds in the southern sea of Java with case studies of TC Cempaka (21-29 November 2017) and TC Dahlia (26 November-4 December 2017). The relationship between two parameters was also discussed in this paper. Both of these tropical cyclone events are interesting to study because they occured in the southern sea of Java and in adjacent time periods. Special attention was paid to the southern sea of Java because it had high shipping traffic where 8 locations were used as case studies. Significant wave height and wind conditions were evaluated using data obtained from the European Mid-Term Weather Forecast Center (ECMWF) with 6 hourly temporal resolution (time UTC 00.00, 06.00, 12.00, 18.00) and 0.5 x 0.5 degrees spatial resolution. The obtained results showed that the influence of TC Dahlia on significant wave height and surface wind appears stronger than the influence of TC Cempaka. During TC Dahlia, the strongest relationship between wind and significant wave height was in the southern sea of Central Java 01 and Yogyakarta 01 with correlation coefficients of 0.84 and 0.81, respectively. While the frequency of extreme wave height of 55.56% appeared to occur in the southern seas of West Java 01 and Central Java 01.
Selective voltammetric detection of dopamine using ferrocene modified carbon paste electrode
Authors: Widyaningrum B A , Widianti N , Harsiniand M , Purwaningsih A
Published: October 2020

A selective sensor based on carbon paste electrode with ferrocene (Fc/CPE) has been investigated. The Fc/CPE was prepared for selective dopamine (DA) in presence of interference compounds as ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The Fc/CPE can well resolve the peak oxidation of DA, AA and UA. The modified electrode exhibited better electrocatalytic activity and catalytic efficiency 3.5 times higher than using the unmodified electrode. The electrochemical behaviours of DA at the surface of the modified electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Using differential sweep voltammetry (DPV) at the optimum condition the determination of DA was measured in the concentration range of 0.5 μत -10 μत with a detection limit of 0.2437 μM and a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The Fc/CPE has been applied to determination of DA spike into simulated sample and showed good recovery.