bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEASUREMENT OF EXPLOSION AFTERBURNING FIREBALL TEMPERATURE BY DUAL-BAND PHOTODIODE
Authors: WIEJA Łukasz , PASZULA Józef
Published: April 2020

A temperature of terminal combustion (afterburning) of thermobaric mixtures is an important parameter of explosion effectiveness. The paper revews typical methods of spectroscopy, optical pyrometry, and thermovision for measuring the terminal combustion temperature of a fireball of explosion products. A method of continuous measurement by a dual-band photodiode operating on 400-1100 nm and 1000-1800 nm is presented. Method’s high time resolution allows for the identification of rapid temperature changes resulting, for example, from the passage of a reflected blast wave through the fireball. The main assumptions of the method, the results of preliminary measurements and their comparison with spectrometric measurements for the same charges are presented. The measurements were carried out for mixtures of ammonium nitrate (V) with aluminum and with PAM.
The use of items and item parcels in nonlinear structural equation models
Authors: Rdz-Navarro Karina , Asún Rodrigo A.
Published: April 2020

Nonlinear structural equation models within the frequentist framework were developed to work with continuous items. Applied researchers who usually work with Likert-type items choose between two strategies to estimate such models: treat items as continuous variables or create item parcels. Two Monte Carlo studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of each strategy on estimates and Type I errors for models with interaction and quadratic effects estimated using LMS. The first study evaluated the effect of asymmetry type and item quantity. The second assessed the use of item parcels and parcel configuration under equivalent conditions. Results reveal that treating items as continuous variables is not problematic when item categories are symmetrical or have opposite-direction asymmetries; however, meaningful parameter bias and increased Type I errors are produced in the case of same-direction asymmetry. Use of parcels does not overcome these problems. The results are discussed to provide recommendations for applied researchers.
Planowanie przestrzeni publicznej na wsi w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim = Planning public space in the rural areas of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship
Authors: Jaszczak Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

Planning the public space as part of the “village renewal” should be based on rural identity and its traditions, but on the other hand also on contemporary design trends. “Village renewal” is a joint action of local authorities, experts and – above all – inhabitants, aimed at improving the quality of life, aesthetics of the surrounding area, protecting and shaping the landscape, and implementing social initiatives. In the region of Warmia and Masuria, the Marshal Office plays a special role in accomplishing the “renewal” tasks. Regional authorities coordinate the renewal program and undertake numerous social and cultural initiatives, organize trainings, conferences and thematic workshops. The paper briefly presents the role of the “Village Renewal Program” in the context of planning the public space. Main assumptions for creating such space based on social participation and expert assistance were also determined. The author presented examples of projects in selected villages of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodship, including these from the “Active Village of Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle” program. The paper highlighted positive results of these activities, but has also referred to existing problems.
Offf 2006: the great digital swindle
Authors: Córcoles César , Albadalejo Carlos
Published: April 2020

La sexta edición del festival de creación digital OFFF (que este año llevaba por tagline «International Festival for the Post-Digital Creation Cultura») tuvo lugar los pasados días 11, 12 y 13 de mayo en el Centro de Cultura Contemporánea de Barcelona, y presentaba como principal novedad la celebración casi paralela de una edición americana del evento que tuvo lugar unos días antes en la Ciudad de México.
The Impact of Debt on Capital Structure: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Eze Gbalam Peter , Uzochukwu Akwarandu
Published: April 2020

This study evaluates the impact of tax shield on capital structure of quoted non-financial firms in Nigeria. Five hypotheses were formulated following the dependent variables of Long Term Debt Ratio and Short Term Debt Ratio. The independent variables employed for this study are: Operating Income, Non-Debt Tax Shield, Debt Tax Shield, Trade Credit Ratio, Firm Size and Firm Leverage. This study is based on ex-post facto research design and made use of panel data set collected from thirty five (35) non-financial companies over a five year period of 2015 and 2019 financial year.  We analyzed the data set using panel least square regression analysis. Our finding supports the trade-off theory developed by Modigliani and Miller’s [1] who explained that, “the relevance of debt with the existence of taxes is beneficial for the formation of a firm’s capital structure and serves to shield earnings from taxes. The result showed that both variables of debt tax shield and firm leverage significantly impact on capital structure of non-financial firms in Nigeria during the period under investigation. The study recommends among others that concerted efforts should be made by financial regulatory bodies to stabilize the tax structure/system in Nigeria. This is based on the fact that reduction of tax frictions not only increases capital buffers for all firms; it also decreases the “Risk Taking” levels of firm managers.
SpaceOAR© hydrogel rectal dose reduction prediction model: a decision support tool
Authors: Paetkau Owen , Gagne Isabelle M. , Alexander Abraham
Published: April 2020

Prostate cancer external beam radiation therapy can result in toxicity due to organ at risk (OAR) dose, potentially impairing quality of life. A polyethylene glycol‐based spacer, SpaceOAR© hydrogel (SOH), implanted between prostate gland and rectum may significantly reduce dose received by the rectum and hence risk of rectal toxicity. SOH implant is not equally effective in all patients. Determining patients in which the implant will offer most benefit, in terms of rectal dose reduction, allows for effective management of SOH resources. Several factors have been shown to be correlated with reduction in rectal dose including distance between rectum and planning treatment volume (PTV), volume of rectum in the PTV, and change in rectum volume pre‐ to post‐SOH. Several of these factors along with other pre‐SOH CT metrics were able to predict reduction in rectal dose associated with SOH implant. Rectal V55Gy metric, was selected as the dose level of interest in the context of 60 Gy in 20 fraction treatment plans. Models were produced to predict change in RV55Gy and pre‐SOH hydrogel RV55Gy. These models offered R‐squared between 0.81 and 0.88 with statistical significance in each model. Applying an  = 3% lower limit of pre‐SOH RV55 Gy and an  = 3.5% lower limit on change in RV55 Gy, retained 60% of patients experiencing the largest rectal dose reduction from the hydrogel. This may offer a clinically useful tool in deciding which patients should receive SOH implant given limited resources. Predictive models, nomograms, and a workflow diagram were produced for clinical management of SOH implant.
Efficient and Stable Deep‐Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing a Sensitizer with Fast Triplet Upconversion
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Song Xiaozeng , Gillett Alexander J. , Drummond Bluebell H. , Jones Saul T. E. , Li Guomeng , He Hanqing , Cai Minghan , Credgington Dan , Duan Lian
Published: April 2020

Multiple donor–acceptor‐type carbazole–benzonitrile derivatives that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are the state of the art in efficiency and stability in sky‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes. However, such a motif still suffers from low reverse intersystem crossing rates (kRISC) with emission peaks <470 nm. Here, a weak acceptor of cyanophenyl is adopted to replace the stronger cyano one to construct blue emitters with multiple donors and acceptors. Both linear donor–π–donor and acceptor–π–acceptor structures are observed to facilitate delocalized excited states for enhanced mixing between charge‐transfer and locally excited states. Consequently, a high kRISC of 2.36 × 106 s−1 with an emission peak of 456 nm and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 22.8% is achieved. When utilizing this material to sensitize a blue multiple‐resonance TADF emitter, the corresponding device simultaneously realizes a maximum external quantum efficiency of 32.5%, CIEy ≈ 0.12, a full width at half maximum of 29 nm, and a T80 (time to 80% of the initial luminance) of > 60 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2.
Colorful Diamond‐Like Carbon Films from Different Micro/Nanostructures
Authors: Zhou Xiaolong , Zheng Yongping , Shimizu Takuya , Euaruksakul Chanan , Tunmee Sarayut , Wang Tao , Saitoh Hidetoshi , Tang Yongbing
Published: April 2020

The coloration is one kind of interesting and important properties of diamond‐like carbon (DLC) films, but lack of in‐depth study. The micro/nanostructure composition of material determines its macroscopic properties. Here, the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) color space, quantitative micro/nanostructure composition analysis, and ab initio molecular‐dynamics simulations are used to quantitatively analyze the generation mechanism for coloration of DLC films. It is found that as a typical amorphous thin film, the generation of DLC film coloration can be explained by the thin film interference and amorphous photonic crystal structural color theory, but the generation mechanisms of coloration for different types of DLC films are not the same. The micro/nanostructure in terms of hydrogen content and carbon atom state plays vital roles in the generation of DLC film structural colors and even determines whether the noniridescent structure color exists or not. These results demonstrate the possibility of utilizing the human eyes to directly distinguish different types of DLC films and accelerate the application of DLC film in energy saving, optical filter, sensor, color gradient coating, advanced luxury products, and bionics fields.
Tuning Multimode Luminescence in Lanthanide(III) and Manganese(II) Co‐Doped CaZnOS Crystals
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhao Jianxiong , Chen Bing , Sun Tianying , Ma Ronghua , Wang Yu , Zhu Haomiao , Peng Dengfeng , Wang Feng
Published: April 2020

Multimode luminescence with tunable optical properties is reported in lanthanide(III) and manganese(II) co‐doped CaZnOS crystals. The materials display distinct emissions under excitations of X‐ray, ultraviolet, and near‐infrared photons as well as mechanical action, respectively. The excitation dependence of emission spectra stems from varying host‐to‐dopant and dopant‐to‐dopant energy transfer processes involved in different luminescence modes. By controlling intracrystal energy transfer through control of dopant concentration and combination, the emission spectra are precisely tuned across the visible to near‐infrared. These findings highlight a facile approach to constructing multimode luminescent materials with intrinsically encrypted emission characteristics for advanced anticounterfeiting applications.
Changes in soil chemical properties and crop yields with long‐term cropping system and nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Alasinrin Sikiru Y.
Published: April 2020

Information is needed on the long‐term impact of cropping system and N fertilization on dryland soil health and crop yields. We studied the 13‐yr effect of cropping system and N fertilization rate on soil chemical properties at the 0‐ to 60‐cm depth and related them to annualized crop yield in the northern Great Plains. Cropping systems were conventional tillage barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)/spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L)–fallow (CTB/WF), no‐tillage barley/spring wheat–fallow (NTB/WF), no‐tillage barley/spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L) (NTB/WP), and no‐tillage continuous barley/spring wheat (NTCB/W). Nitrogen fertilization rates were 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha−1 to barley planted from 2006 to 2011 and 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha−1 to spring wheat planted from 2012 to 2018. At 0 to 5 cm, soil pH and CEC were greater with NTB/WP than NTCB/W and CTB/WF, and soil organic matter (SOM) and Olsen‐P were greater with NTCB/W than CTB/WF. Increased N rate reduced soil pH, K, Ca, Mg, and CEC at most soil depths. Annualized crop yield was greater with NTCB/W and NTB/WP than NTB/WF and CTB/WF and maximized at 80–100 kg N ha−1. Most soil chemical properties induced by N fertilization were negatively correlated, but Mg concentration at 30–60 cm induced by cropping system was positively correlated with annualized crop yield. No‐till barley/spring wheat–pea rotation with 80–100 kg N ha−1 can sustain dryland soil chemical properties and barley and spring wheat yields in the northern Great Plains.
Ultrathin ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets Anchored on Ti3C2TX MXene for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Zuo Gancheng , Wang Yuting , Teo Wei Liang , Xie Aming , Guo Yang , Dai Yuxuan , Zhou Weiqiang , Jana Deblin , Xian Qiming , Dong Wei , Zhao Yanli
Published: April 2020

Photocatalysts derived from semiconductor heterojunctions that harvest solar energy and catalyze reactions still suffer from low solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency. Now, MXene (Ti3C2TX) nanosheets (MNs) are used to support the in situ growth of ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets (UZNs), producing sandwich‐like hierarchical heterostructures (UZNs‐MNs‐UZNs) for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. Opportune lateral epitaxy of UZNs on the surface of MNs improves specific surface area, pore diameter, and hydrophilicity of the resulting materials, all of which could be beneficial to the photocatalytic activity. Owing to the Schottky junction and ultrathin 2D structures of UZNs and MNs, the heterostructures could effectively suppress photoexcited electron–hole recombination and boost photoexcited charge transfer and separation. The heterostructure photocatalyst exhibits improved photocatalytic H2 evolution performance (6.6 times higher than pristine ZnIn2S4) and excellent stability.
A Cation and Anion Dual Doping Strategy for the Elevation of Titanium Redox Potential for High‐Power Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Mingzhe , Xiao Jin , Hua Weibo , Hu Zhe , Wang Wanlin , Gu Qinfen , Tang Yuxin , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue
Published: April 2020

Titanium‐based polyanions have been intensively investigated for sodium‐ion batteries owing to their superior structural stability and thermal safety. However, their low working potential hindered further applications. Now, a cation and anion dual doping strategy is used to boost the redox potential of Ti‐based cathodes of Na3Ti0.5V0.5(PO3)3N as a new cathode material for sodium ion batteries. Both the Ti3+/Ti4+ and V3+/V4+ redox couples are reversibly accessed, leading to two distinctive voltage platforms at ca. 3.3 V and ca. 3.8 V, respectively. The remarkably improved cycling stability (86.3 %, 3000 cycles) can be ascribed to the near‐zero volume strain in this unusual cubic symmetry, which has been demonstrated by in situ synchrotron‐based X‐ray diffraction. First‐principles calculations reveal its well‐interconnected 3D Na diffusion pathways with low energy barriers, and the two‐sodium‐extracted intermediate NaTi0.5V0.5(PO3)3N is also a stable phase according to formation energy calculations.
Anthraquinone Redox Relay for Dye‐Sensitized Photo‐electrochemical H2O2 Production
Authors: Sun Jiaonan , Wu Yiying
Published: April 2020

Anthraquinone (AQ) redox mediators are introduced to metal‐free organic dye sensitized photo‐electrochemical cells (DSPECs) for the generation of H2O2. Instead of directly reducing O2 to produce H2O2, visible‐light‐driven AQ reduction occurs in the DSPEC and the following autooxidation with O2 allows H2O2 accumulation and AQ regeneration. In an aqueous electrolyte, under 1 sun conditions, a water‐soluble AQ salt is employed with the highest photocurrent of up to 0.4 mA cm−2 and near‐quantitative faradaic efficiency for producing H2O2. In a non‐aqueous electrolyte, under 1 sun illumination, an organic‐soluble AQ is applied and the photocurrent reaches 1.8 mA cm−2 with faradaic efficiency up to 95 % for H2O2 production. This AQ‐relay DSPEC exhibits the highest photocurrent so far in non‐aqueous electrolytes for H2O2 production and excellent acid stability in aqueous electrolytes, thus providing a practical and efficient strategy for visible‐light‐driven H2O2 production.
Controlled‐Atmosphere Flame Fusion Single‐Crystal Growth of Non‐Noble fcc, hcp, and bcc Metals Using Copper, Cobalt, and Iron
Authors: Schuett Fabian M. , Esau Derek , Varvaris K. Liam , Gelman Shelly , Björk Jonas , Rosen Johanna , Jerkiewicz Gregory , Jacob Timo
Published: April 2020

The growth of noble‐metal single crystals via the flame fusion method was developed in the 1980s. Since then, there have been no major advancements to the technique until the recent development of the controlled‐atmosphere flame fusion (CAFF) method to grow non‐noble Ni single crystals. Herein, we demonstrate the generality of this method with the first preparation of fcc Cu as well as the first hcp and bcc single crystals of Co and Fe, respectively. The high quality of the single crystals was verified using scanning electron microscopy and Laue X‐ray backscattering. Based on Wulff constructions, the equilibrium shapes of the single‐crystal particles were studied, confirming the symmetry of the fcc, hcp, and bcc single‐crystal lattices. The low cost of the CAFF method makes all kinds of high‐quality non‐noble single crystals independent of their lattice accessible for use in electrocatalysis, electrochemistry, surface science, and materials science.
Multiplexed Discrimination of Single Amino Acid Residues in Polypeptides in a Single SERS Hot Spot
Authors: Huang Jian‐An , Mousavi Mansoureh Z. , Giovannini Giorgia , Zhao Yingqi , Hubarevich Aliaksandr , Soler Miguel A. , Rocchia Walter , Garoli Denis , De Angelis Francesco
Published: April 2020

The SERS‐based detection of protein sequences with single‐residue sensitivity suffers from signal dominance of aromatic amino acid residues and backbones, impeding detection of non‐aromatic amino acid residues. Herein, we trap a gold nanoparticle in a plasmonic nanohole to generate a single SERS hot spot for single‐molecule detection of 2 similar polypeptides (vasopressin and oxytocin) and 10 distinct amino acids that constitute the 2 polypeptides. Significantly, both aromatic and non‐aromatic amino acids are detected and discriminated at the single‐molecule level either at individual amino acid molecules or within the polypeptide chains. Correlated with molecular dynamics simulations, our results suggest that the signal dominance due to large spatial occupancy of aromatic rings of the polypeptide sidechains on gold surfaces can be overcome by the high localization of the single hot spot. The superior spectral and spatial discriminative power of our approach can be applied to single‐protein analysis, fingerprinting, and sequencing.
Ligand‐Enabled γ‐C(sp3)−H Olefination of Free Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Ghosh Kiron Kumar , Uttry Alexander , Mondal Arup , Ghiringhelli Francesca , Wedi Philipp , van Gemmeren Manuel
Published: April 2020

We report the ligand‐enabled C−H activation/olefination of free carboxylic acids in the γ‐position. Through an intramolecular Michael addition, δ‐lactones are obtained as products. Two distinct ligand classes are identified that enable the challenging palladium‐catalyzed activation of free carboxylic acids in the γ‐position. The developed protocol features a wide range of acid substrates and olefin reaction partners and is shown to be applicable on a preparatively useful scale. Insights into the underlying reaction mechanism obtained through kinetic studies are reported.
Unveiling the Role of DJ‐1 Protein in Vesicular Storage and Release of Catecholamine with Nano/Micro‐Tip Electrodes
Authors: Yue Qingwei , Li Xianchan , Wu Fei , Ji Wenliang , Zhang Yue , Yu Ping , Zhang Meining , Ma Wenjie , Wang Ming , Mao Lanqun
Published: April 2020

DJ‐1 protein deficiency caused by PARK7 gene mutation has been suggested to closely relate to Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly through the attenuation D2 dopamine receptor activity in mice; however, whether or how it affects the vesicular storage and exocytosis of neurochemicals remains unclear. By using electrochemical methods at a single vesicle/cell level with nano/micro‐tip electrodes, we for the first time find that DJ‐1 protein deficiency caused by PARK7 gene knockout (KO) in mice has little effect on vesicular catecholamine content but significantly prolongs the exocytotic events, especially the closing time of exocytotic fusion pores. Further studies suggest the inhibition of α‐synuclein aggregation by DJ‐1 protein might be one way that DJ‐1 protein acts on neurotransmission. This finding offers the first direct link between DJ‐1 protein deficiency and vesicular chemical storage and release of chemicals, providing a new chemical insight into the pathology of PD caused by PARK7 gene mutation.
A Precious‐Metal‐Free Hybrid Electrolyzer for Alcohol Oxidation Coupled to CO2‐to‐Syngas Conversion
Authors: Bajada Mark A. , Roy Souvik , Warnan Julien , Abdiaziz Kaltum , Wagner Andreas , Roessler Maxie M. , Reisner Erwin
Published: April 2020

Electrolyzers combining CO2 reduction (CO2R) with organic substrate oxidation can produce fuel and chemical feedstocks with a relatively low energy requirement when compared to systems that source electrons from water oxidation. Here, we report an anodic hybrid assembly based on a (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO) electrocatalyst modified with a silatrane‐anchor (STEMPO), which is covalently immobilized on a mesoporous indium tin oxide (mesoITO) scaffold for efficient alcohol oxidation (AlcOx). This molecular anode was subsequently combined with a cathode consisting of a polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine on carbon nanotubes to construct a hybrid, precious‐metal‐free coupled AlcOx–CO2R electrolyzer. After three‐hour electrolysis, glycerol is selectively oxidized to glyceraldehyde with a turnover number (TON) of ≈1000 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 83 %. The cathode generated a stoichiometric amount of syngas with a CO:H2 ratio of 1.25±0.25 and an overall cobalt‐based TON of 894 with a FE of 82 %. This prototype device inspires the design and implementation of nonconventional strategies for coupling CO2R to less energy demanding, and value‐added, oxidative chemistry.
Fabrication of Crystalline Microporous Membrane from 2D MOF Nanosheets for Gas Separation
Authors: Jiang Shuangshuang , Shi Xinli , Sun Fuxing , Zhu Guangshan
Published: April 2020

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs)‐based membranes have shown great potentials as applications in gas separation. In this work, a uniform membrane based on 2D MOF Ni3(HITP)2 (HITP=2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexaaminotriphenylene) was fabricated on ordered macroporous AAO via the filtration method. To fabricate the membrane, we obtained the Ni3(HITP)2 nanosheets as building blocks via a soft‐physical exfoliation method successfully that were confirmed by AFM and TEM. We also studied the H2, CO2 and N2 adsorption isotherms of Ni3(HITP)2 powder at room temperature, which shows Ni3(HITP)2 has high heats of adsorption for CO2 and high selectivity of CO2 over N2. Gas permeation tests indicate that the Ni3(HITP)2 membrane shows high permeance and selectivity of CO2 over N2, as well as good selectivity of H2 over N2. The ideal separation factors of CO2/N2 and H2/N2 from sing‐gas permeances are 13.6 and 7.8 respectively, with CO2 permeance of 3.15×10−6 mol⋅m−2⋅s−1⋅Pa−1. The membrane also showed good stability, durability and reproducibility, which are of potential interest for practical applications in the CO2 separations.
Leben zwischen Eis und Felsen
Authors: Kanz Birgit , Büdel Burkhard , Jung Patrick , Karsten Ulf , Printzen Christian
Published: April 2020

Trotz ihrer widrigen Umweltbedingungen und geografischen Isolation beherbergt die Antarktis eine reiche Vegetation aus Flechten, Moosen, Algen, Pilzen und Bakterien. In den milderen Gebieten der maritimen und kontinentalen Antarktis bilden diese Pionierarten weithin sichtbare biologische Bodenkrusten. In trockeneren Gebieten kommen sie hauptsächlich in den äußeren Gesteins‐ und oberen Bodenschichten vor. Unter den ökologischen Anpassungen, die diesen Arten das Überleben unter antarktischen Bedingungen ermöglichen, sticht besonders eine gute Austrocknungstoleranz hervor. Über die genetische Vielfalt der meisten Arten weiß man noch so gut wie nichts. Während einige Arten wohl in der Antarktis entstanden sind, sind andere relativ späte Neubesiedler.
Chemical profiling and characterization of phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpene glycosides from Vangueria agrestis using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and metabolomics approach
Authors: Avula Bharathi , Bae Ji‐Yeong , Wang Yan‐Hong , Wang Mei , Osman Ahmed Galal , Smith Kerri , Yuk Jimmy , Ali Zulfiqar , Plumb Robert , Isaac Giorgis , Khan Ikhlas A.
Published: April 2020

Vangueria agrestis is a shrub indigenous to tropical Africa, belonging to family Rubiaceae and is traditionally used as a decoction for treatment of fever, pain, and malaria. This study was undertaken to investigate the chemical constituents based on precursor exact mass and fragment ion information. The chemical profiling and structural characteristics of chemical constituents from methanolic extracts of dried aerial parts and roots of V. agrestis and dietary supplements were analyzed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry coupled with UNIFI platform and multivariate analysis in both negative and positive ion modes. A non‐targeted ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis was carried out to profile the chemical constituents of crude extracts of V. agrestis, and 73 compounds, including reference compounds, were identified. The fragments of flavonoids, monoterpene, and triterpene glycosides revealed the characteristic cleavage of glycosidic linkages, and the fragmentation pattern provided the identity of the sugars. This analytical method provides a quick method for quality assessment of dietary supplements. Finally, a chemometrics approach with multivariate statistical tools was used to visualize the differences between root and aerial parts of plant samples and to find the potential chemical markers that differentiate among these parts of V. agrestis samples and dietary supplements.
Ultrafine Mo2C Nanoparticles Confined in 2D Meshlike Carbon Nanolayers for Effective Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Rui , Du Qianqian , Zhao Ruihua , Nie Xiaorong , Liu Lu , Li Jinping , Du Jianping
Published: April 2020

Electrochemical water splitting has been considered as a promising method for large‐scale hydrogen production. However, the development of high‐performance and low‐cost noble metal‐free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a great challenge. Transition metal carbides (such as molybdenum carbide) are one of the most potential substitutes for noble metal as electrocatalysts for HER. One of the effective measures for further enhancing their performances is to hinder the coalescence of nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate a two‐dimensional ultrafine molybdenum carbide‐coupled mesoporous structured meshlike carbon nanolayers synthesized vis facile route based on holes in the carbon nanolayer structures blocking nanoparticle agglomeration. Molybdenum carbide clusters dispersed on the carbon nanolayers are successfully prepared by carbonization of molybdate‐polyvinylpyrrolidone precursor as a proof of concept, which exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity for the HER and high stability in basic medium. The present study provides some references for the design and synthesis of nanostructured electrocatalysts utilizing 2D meshlike materials to prevent nanoparticles from agglomerating.
Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon Electrodes Prepared from Templating Propylamine‐Functionalized Silica
Authors: Brandiele Riccardo , Poli Federico , Picelli Luca , Pilot Roberto , Rizzi Gian Andrea , Soavi Francesca , Durante Christian
Published: April 2020

In this paper, nitrogen doped carbon materials with mesopores 4–8 nm‐wide and a high surface area of ca.1100 m2 g−1 were synthesized according to an innovative hard template method. Sucrose was used as carbon source and propylamine functionalized silica acted as both nitrogen source and templating agent. The novel doped carbons were compared with mesoporous carbons featuring similar texture properties (pore size and surface area) but obtained by the pyrolysis of sucrose or 1,10‐phenantholine and employing non‐functionalized silica as a templating agent. The interest of this investigation is to understand how doping occurs when a functionalized silica is employed, and whether the nitrogen doping remains a surface property or it is extended also to the bulk of the material, influencing the morphological and the electrical properties of the resulting carbon. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and EDX confirmed the doping action of the functionalized silica and the electrochemical characterization allowed to compare the different performances as supercapacitor materials.
Microporous Organic Nanoparticles Anchoring CeO2 Materials: Reduced Toxicity and Efficient Reactive Oxygen Species‐Scavenging for Regenerative Wound Healing
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Le Thai Minh Duy , Lee Sang Moon , Kim Hae Jin , Ko Yoon‐Joo , Jeong Ji Hoon , Thambi Thavasyappan , Lee Doo Sung , Son Seung Uk
Published: April 2020

This work shows that microporous organic polymer can be applied to the engineering of CeO2‐based antioxidant nanomaterials for in vivo regenerative wound healing. Whilst nanoparticulate CeO2 has shown excellent redox quenching of reactive oxygen species (ROS) because it is rich in oxygen defects and Ce3+ species, it has a strong tendency to form aggregates because it is a kinetic intermediate of bulk materials. Anchoring of nanoparticulate CeO2 on suitable supports can be an efficient anti‐aggregation strategy. In this work, CeO2 nanoparticles were immobilized on microporous organic nanoparticles (MONPs) to form MONP@CeO2 nanocomposites. Compared to CeO2 materials, the MONP@CeO2 nanocomposites showed not only efficient ROS scavenging in in vivo regenerative wound healing but also reduced cytotoxicity in in vitro cell studies, due to the efficient distribution and dilution effect of CeO2 nanomaterials.
Exposure‐Response Analysis to Assess the Concentration‐QTc Relationship of Psilocybin/Psilocin
Authors: Dahmane Elyes , Hutson Paul R. , Gobburu Jogarao V. S.
Published: April 2020

Psilocybin is being developed for treating major depressive disorder. Psilocybin is readily dephosphorylated to psilocin upon absorption. The potential for psilocin proarrhythmic effect was assessed using a concentration‐QTc interval (C‐QTc) analysis from an open‐label single ascending dose study of psilocybin. Psilocybin doses ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 mg/kg. This trial showed a significant but shallow C‐QTc relationship. At the clinical dose of 25 mg, the mean psilocin maximum concentration is 18.7 ng/mL, and the associated mean (upper 90% confidence interval of mean) QTcF change is 2.1 (6.6) milliseconds. Given the short half‐life of psilocin of about 4 hours, there would be no accumulation after monthly oral doses used in clinical trials. The upper limit of the 90% confidence interval of the model‐predicted mean ΔQTcF crossed 10 milliseconds at a psilocin concentration of 31.1 ng/mL. At a supraclinical psilocin maximum concentration of about 60 ng/mL, ΔQTcF remains low, with a mean (upper limit of the 90% confidence interval) of 9.1 (17.9) milliseconds. This analysis enabled the characterization of the C‐QTc relationship and prediction of QTc prolongation at the expected clinical and possible higher psilocybin doses.
High Emission Quantum Yield Tb3+‐Activated Organic‐Inorganic Hybrids for UV‐Down‐Shifting Green Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Correia Sandra F. H. , Fernandes Ricardo L. , Fu Lianshe , Nolasco Mariela M. , Carlos Luís D. , Ferreira Rute A. S.
Published: April 2020

Solid‐state light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are driving the lighting industry towards efficient and environmentally friendly lighting and displays. Current challenges encompass efficient and low‐cost down‐shifting phosphors with tuned emission colors. Green light lies on the low‐loss optical transmission window in plastic optical fibers and plays a special role in the regulation of the human and plant circadian rhythms. Moreover, green‐emitting phosphors may suppress the “green gap” found in semiconductor‐based LEDs. In this work, a UV‐photostable green‐emitting complex, Tb(NaI)3(H2O)2, with NaI = nalidixic acid (1‐ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐7‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,8‐naftiridine‐3‐carboxylic acid), was incorporated into tripodal organic‐inorganic hybrid materials. The hybrid hosts boost the absolute emission quantum yield from ≈ 0.11 (isolated complex) to ≈ 0.82 (doped hybrid), which is the largest value reported for Tb3+‐based hybrid phosphors. A green‐emitting LED was fabricated by coating a near‐UV LED (365 nm) with a Tb3+‐activated organic‐inorganic hybrid having pure‐green‐colored light with Commission International de l'Eclairage color coordinates and an efficacy value of (0.33, 0.59) and 1.3 lm W–1, respectively.
Racializing misogyny: Sexuality and gender in the new online white nationalism
Authors: Bjork‐James Sophie
Published: April 2020

This article asks how an anti‐racist, feminist anthropology can help us understand the expansion of the radical right, with a focus on the online white nationalist movement. It demonstrates how homophobia and anti‐feminism are two of many pathways into the online white nationalist movement. In effect, white nationalists work through online venues to racialize homophobia and anti‐feminism. They articulate a view of white racialization where gender and sexuality are central to ideas about biological and cultural superiority. Through tracing the linkages between gender, sexuality, and race in different ideations of the white nationalist movement, this article shows a continuity of these core ideas to white nationalism across different manifestations of the movement, even as the expression of them has changed. An aim of this article is to demonstrate the ways an anti‐racist, feminist anthropology provides tools to understand how concerns about gender animate this authoritarian movement.
The role of species charisma in biological invasions
Authors: Jarić Ivan , Courchamp Franck , Correia Ricardo A , Crowley Sarah L , Essl Franz , Fischer Anke , González‐Moreno Pablo , Kalinkat Gregor , Lambin Xavier , Lenzner Bernd , Meinard Yves , Mill Aileen , Musseau Camille , Novoa Ana , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Pyšková Klára , Robertson Peter , von Schmalensee Menja , Shackleton Ross T , Stefansson Robert A , Štajerová Kateřina , Veríssimo Diogo , Jeschke Jonathan M
Published: April 2020

Commonly used in the literature to refer to the “attractiveness”, “appeal”, or “beauty” of a species, charisma can be defined as a set of characteristics – and the perception thereof – that affect people's attitudes and behaviors toward a species. It is a highly relevant concept for invasion science, with implications across all stages of the invasion process. However, the concept of invasive alien species (IAS) charisma has not yet been systematically investigated. We discuss this concept in detail, provide a set of recommendations for further research, and highlight management implications. We review how charisma affects the processes associated with biological invasions and IAS management, including species introductions and spread, media portrayals, public perceptions of species management, research attention, and active public involvement in research and management. Explicit consideration of IAS charisma is critical for understanding the factors that shape people's attitudes toward particular species, planning management measures and strategies, and implementing a combination of education programs, awareness raising, and public involvement campaigns.
Innovative Perfluoropolyether‐Functionalized Gas Diffusion Layers with Enhanced Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Latorrata S. , Sansotera M. , Gola M. , Stampino P. Gallo , Navarrini W. , Dotelli G.
Published: April 2020

In this work, perfluoropolyether (PFPE) functionalization was used as hydrophizing treatment for gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), instead of standard PTFE coatings, aiming to enhance the hydrophobicity of the gas diffusion media and to reduce the mass transfer limitations in the final device. Carbon cloth diffusion layers and carbon black were functionalized by decomposition of a PFPE peroxide. PFPE‐functionalized carbon black was employed in the preparation of an ink suitable for obtaining microporous layers (MPLs) by deposition onto macroporous backing layers. Dual‐layer gas diffusion media showing superhydrophobic behavior due to different hydrophobizing treatments were compared with conventional PTFE‐based materials, by testing in a single PEMFC working at two different temperatures and at low and high relative humidity conditions. Such tests demonstrated improved performances over conventional GDLs for pure PFPE‐based samples in terms of both overall electrical performance and reduced diffusive limitations in high current density conditions. The maximum output power achieved with the novel PFPE‐based compounds was 460 mW cm−2 at 80 °C and relative humidity (RH) 100% while the best improvement (10%) with respect to conventional GDLs was realized at 80 °C and RH 60%.
Geological anatomy of the Upper Triassic sequence in southeastern Tibet: Implication for tectonic evolution of the eastern Himalayan Orogen
Authors: Fang Da‐Ren , Zhang Jian , Hisada Ken‐ichiro , Wang Gen‐Hou , Li Dian
Published: April 2020

Located south of the Yarlung‐Tsangpo Suture Zone (YTSZ), the Upper Triassic rocks of the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS) in the Shannan area, southeastern Tibet, serve as an ideal geologic entity to investigate the post‐collisional evolution of the eastern Tethyan Himalayan realm. Detailed field observations suggest that D2 north‐verging folds and thrusts dominate the deformational pattern of the newly named Luolin Group, while D1 south‐verging imbricated structures characterize the Langjiexue Group and the Nieru Unit. Illite crystallinity measurements in pelitic samples indicate that the metamorphic grade decreases from epizonal in the Luolin Group to anchizonal facies in the Langjiexue‐Nieru Unit. Fluid inclusions from two stages of syn‐deformational quartz veins are characterized by moderate homogenization temperature (~260°C) and low salinity (5% NaCleqv). Electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) of garnet amphibolites show metamorphic temperature of ~510°C. The age of D1 event is determined by 40Ar–39Ar dating of phyllite sample at ca. 47 Ma. Correlations with regional deformational events through the THS demonstrate that the D2 event occurred between ca. 30 and 22 Ma. These data imply that the Upper Triassic sequence is part of the fold‐thrust belt of the Himalayan Orogen, rather than the accretionary mélange within the YTSZ.
Mechanism of Soret‐Dufour, magnetohydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer flow with buoyancy force, and viscous dissipation effects
Authors: Ahmed Lukman O. , Falodun Bidemi O. , Abdulwaheed Jimoh
Published: April 2020

This paper examined the mechanism of both positive and negative effects of Soret‐Dufour with heat and mass transfer processes over an accelerating permeable surface. The partial differential flow equations were simplified using similarity variables, and the resulting equations were solved numerically using the spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM). The SHAM is used in separating nonlinear equations into linear and nonlinear. The physics of each pertinent flow parameters was used to examine their influence on velocity, temperature, and concentration fields. The effect of Soret‐Dufour was examined separately, and its negative effect was used to determine its influence on velocity, temperature, and concentration fields. The result revealed that positive Soret‐Dufour enhances the boundary layer, whereas negative Soret‐Dufour parameter decreases the boundary layer. The result presented in this paper is in good agreement with existing works in literature.
The impact of gossip valence on children's attitudes towards gossipers
Authors: Ruggiero Adrianna , Parolin Emily , Ma Lili
Published: April 2020

This research explored children's attitudes towards gossipers in relation to gossip valence. Four‐ to 8‐year‐old children (N= 214) read three storybooks containing positive, neutral, or negative gossip statements. Following each book, children were interviewed on whom they viewed as nicer and more honest (ascription of desirable traits), whom they preferred to interact with (social preference), and whom they thought had more friends (perceived popularity), by choosing between a gossiper and a non‐gossiping character. The results indicated that overall, children held more favourable attitudes towards gossipers who made positive than negative or neutral statements about a target. This effect of gossip valence was more pronounced for 6‐ to 8‐year‐olds than for the younger children on the ascription of desirable traits. The findings will add to our understanding of how gossip serves as a source of social influence on children, and may have real‐world implications with regard to children's peer interactions in school context.

Highlights

This research explored children's attitudes toward gossipers in relation to gossip valence.

Four‐ to 8‐year‐olds held more favorable attitudes toward gossipers who made positive than negative or neutral statements about a target.

The findings may have real‐world implications with regard to children's social perception and peer interactions in school context.
Distributed control of electric vehicle fleets considering grid congestion and battery degradation
Authors: Hosseini Seyed M. , Carli Raffaele , Cavone Graziana , Dotoli Mariagrazia
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, developing coordinated optimal charging strategies for large‐scale electric vehicle (EV) fleets is crucial to ensure the reliability and efficiency of power grids. This paper presents a novel fully distributed control strategy for the optimal charging of large‐scale EV fleets aiming at the minimization of the aggregated charging cost and battery degradation, while satisfying the EVs' individual load requirements and the overall grid congestion limits. We formulate the optimization problem as a convex quadratic programming problem where all the EVs' decisions are coupled both via the objective function and some grid resource sharing constraints. Based on the distributed waterfilling approach, the proposed resolution algorithm requires a minimal shared information between EVs that communicate only with their neighbors without relying on a central aggregator, thus guaranteeing the EV users' privacy. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated through numerical experiments to validate its effectiveness in achieving a global optimum while respecting the grid constraints with a favorable computational efficiency.
Myoblast adhesion and proliferation on biodegradable polymer films with femtosecond laser‐fabricated micro through‐holes
Authors: Takayama Izumi , Kondo Naonari , Kalies Stefan , Heisterkamp Alexander , Terakawa Mitsuhiro
Published: April 2020

Controlling cell adhesion and cell differentiation is necessary to fabricate a tissue with arbitrary properties for tissue engineering applications. A substrate with a porous structure as a cell scaffold allows the diffusion of the cell culture medium through the scaffold. In this work, we show that the femtosecond laser fabricated micro through‐holes in biodegradable polymer films, enhance myoblast adhesion, and accelerates proliferation and differentiation. ChR2‐C2C12 and UT‐C2C12 cells were seeded on the films with micro through‐holes each fabricated by a single femtosecond laser pulse. Cell adhesion was enhanced on films with holes fabricated by laser irradiation. In addition, cell proliferation was accelerated on films with micro through‐holes that penetrate the film, compared to on films with micro craters that do not penetrate the film. On films with arrays consisting of micro through‐holes, cells aligned along the arrays and cell fusion was enhanced, indicating the acceleration of cell differentiation.
Analysis of lncRNA UCA1‐related downstream pathways and molecules of cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Huixin , Shen Qiang , Fu Jiali , Jiang Feng , Wang Liangxing , Wang Yumin
Published: April 2020

Background

To analyze the lncRNA UCA1‐related downstream pathways and molecules of cisplatin resistance in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

We constructed overexpression and siRNA vectors targeting UCA1 and TXNIP and then used next‐generation sequencing to compare the UCA1 overexpression and negative control from A549 cell.

Results

It shown that 647 upregulated mRNAs and 633 downregulated differentially expressed mRNAs‐related UCA1, and the top ten upregulated mRNAs were CPD, AC007192.1, TGOLN2, LGR4, TFPI, CYP1B1, TOMM6, HLA‐B, SLC35F6, and TOP2A, and top ten downregulated mRNAs were TXNIP, SESN2, STC2, HSPA1A, MMP10, CHAC1, DNAJB1, AC004922.1, ATF3, and GABARAPL1. We found TXNIP mRNA expression level was the most significantly downexpressed mRNA. TXNIP mRNA expression level of LAD tissues was clearly lower than the adjacent tissues. UCA1 expression level of cisplatin insensitive group was markedly higher than that of cisplatin‐sensitive group, while TXNIP mRNA expression level of cisplatin insensitive group was clearly lower than that of cisplatin‐sensitive group. Compared to the BEAS‐2B, TXNIP mRNA expression level cut down in A549 and A549/DDP cell and that of A549/DDP cell was lower than A549 cell. After UCA1 overexpression, TXNIP mRNA obviously decreased, while proliferation ability and IC50 of A549 heightened. After knocking down UCA1, TXNIP mRNA was significantly increased, while proliferation ability and IC50 of A549/DDP lowered. PPI analysis result showed that TXNIP could interact with multiple proteins such as TXN, DDIT4, and NLRP3.

Conclusion

UCA1 promoted cisplatin resistance by downregulating TXNIP expression in LAD, and TXNIP could interact with multiple proteins. So, UCA1/TXNIP axis might affect cisplatin resistance in LAD.