bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive benchmarking of tools for nanopore-based detection of DNA methylation
Authors: Kulkarni Onkar , Mathew Reuben Jacob , Zaveri Lamuk , Jana Rhea , Singh Nitesh Kumar , Ara Sreenivas , Tallapaka Karthik Bharadwaj , Sowpati Divya Tej
Published: November 2024

Long read sequencing technologies such as Oxford Nanopore (ONT) offer direct detection of DNA base modifications. While several tools and models have been developed to identify DNA methylation from nanopore data, they are often restricted to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and older flowcell (FC) chemistry. The performance and accuracy of newer models, including those developed by ONT, remain unknown, particularly for their new FC chemistry (R10.4.1) and sampling rate (5kHz). Here, using a variety of bacterial and human datasets, we systematically evaluate the performance of existing methylation models for 5mC (both CpG and non-CpG contexts), 6-methyladenine, and 4-methylcytosine. We also demonstrate the effect of other parameters such as sequencing depth, read quality, basecalling mode, and more importantly, the presence of neighboring DNA modifications. Our work thus provides important information to researchers utilizing nanopore sequencing to study DNA modifications, and highlights the lacunae in current generation methylation detection models.
Crystal structure of plant γ-glutamyl peptidase 1 with dual roles in sulfur metabolism and implications for oxidative stress regulation
Authors: Sone Kosei , Ito Takehiro , Yamada Chihaya , Kashima Toma , Miyanaga Akimasa , Ohkama-Ohtsu Naoko , Fushinobu Shinya
Published: November 2024

γ-Glutamyl peptidase 1 (GGP1) plays a dual role in primary and secondary sulfur metabolism inArabidopsis thaliana. During glutathione (GSH) turnover, GGP1 hydrolyzes the isopeptide bond of GSH to degrade the tripeptide into Glu and Cys-Gly. During glucosinolate and camalexin biosynthesis, GGP1 processes GSH conjugates, which have a large substituent at the thiol side chain, by hydrolyzing the same isopeptide bond of γ-Glu. In the present study, we determined the crystal structures of the following GGP1 forms: ligand-free, Glu complex, covalent γ-Glu intermediate, and disulfide-linked S-S inactive forms. The intermediate structure, in which γ-Glu is covalently linked to the nucleophile C100, was trapped by mutating the catalytic His to Asn (H192N). In the Glu complex and γ-Glu intermediate structures, Glu bound to the S1 subsite is extensively recognized by several hydrogen bonds. The substrate recognition of the Cys-Gly moiety at the S1’ and S2’ subsites was revealed by modeling GSH in the active site. Mutational analysis indicated that R206 plays an important role in substrate binding by forming a salt bridge with Gly at the S2’ subsite. An open pocket is present beyond the thiol side chain of Cys in the S1’ subsite, which contributed to the dual activity of GGP1 toward GSH and GSH conjugates. The S-S inactive structure was obtained by soaking GGP1 crystals in Cys-Gly, and the catalytic cysteine (C100) partially formed a disulfide bond with a neighboring C154 residue. The partial inactivation of GGP1 in the presence of a pro-oxidant (Cys-Gly) has revealed its possible role in oxidative stress regulation inArabidopsis.
Anterior cingulate neurons display subregion-specific interaction with frontal eye fields as revealed by combined antidromic stimulation and resting state imaging
Authors: Babapoor-Farrokhran Sahand , Major Alex J. , Johnston Kevin D. , Miller Earl K. , Camprodon Joan A. , Everling Stefan
Published: November 2024

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is thought to exert cognitive control over saccade generation in the frontal eye fields (FEF), but the nature of this interaction remains unclear. Although prior imaging studies have suggested ACC interacts with FEF, few studies have confirmed this by electrophysiological recordings. This study aimed to characterize the functional connectivity between ACC and medial and lateral FEF during cognitive saccade tasks. We combined resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) with single-unit electrophysiology in two macaque monkeys performing memory-guided saccade and pro-/anti-saccade tasks. Anti- and ortho-dromic stimulation was used to electrophysiologically identify ACC neurons mono- and polysynaptically connected to FEF. We analyzed ACC neuronal selectivity for different task aspects and correlated these properties with both positive and negative rs-fMRI functional connectivity between ACC and FEF subregions. Anti- and ortho-dromically identified ACC neurons were predominantly connected to medial FEF, which showed stronger positive functional connectivity with ACC compared to lateral FEF. Sites with higher proportions of task-selective neurons yielded stronger functional connectivity with FEF. This stronger functional connectivity was particularly related to the delay and saccadic periods of different cognitive saccade tasks. Using combined imaging and electrophysiology, our findings provide converging evidence for functional interactions between ACC and FEF, predominantly medial FEF regions which encode large amplitude saccades. The correlation between functional connectivity and task-related neuronal selectivity supports ACC’s interaction with FEF in the modulation of saccade generation and cognitive control. Additionally, we report suggestive evidence that mono- and poly-synaptic connections may be related to positive functional connectivity, but we found no such relationship for negative functional connectivity (anticorrelations). These results advance our understanding of prefrontal cortical interactions in oculomotor control and the electrophysiological mechanisms of positive and negative resting-state functional connectivity.
DnaB and DciA: Mechanisms of Helicase Loading and Translocation on ssDNA
Authors: Gao Nicholas , Mazzoletti Daniele , Peng Adele , Olinares Paul Dominic B. , Morrone Castrese , Garavaglia Andrea , Gouda Nourelhoda , Tsoy Serge , Mendoza Albert , Chowdhury Ahammad , Cerullo Antonio , Bhavsar Hrutvik , Rossi Franca , Rizzi Menico , Chait Brian T , Miggiano Riccardo , Jeruzalmi David
Published: November 2024

Replicative helicases are assembled on chromosomes by helicase loaders before initiation of DNA replication. Here, we investigate mechanisms used by the bacterial DnaB replicative helicase and the DciA helicase loader. In the present structure of the DnaB-ssDNA•ATPγS complex, the amino-terminal (NTD) tier, previously found as an open spiral in a GDP•AlF4 complex, was observed to adopt a closed planar arrangement. Further, the DnaB subunit at the top of the carboxy- terminal spiral (CTD) tier is displaced by ∼25 Å between the two forms. We suggest that remodeling the NTD layer between closed planar and open spiral configurations and migration of two distinct CTDs to the top of the DnaB spiral, which is repeated three times, mediates hand-over-hand translocation. Although DciA loaders fromVibrio choleraeandMycobacterium tuberculosisfeature an inverted domain arrangement, they use Lasso domains to contact DnaB near the Docking-Linker-Helix interface. Up to three copies of Vc-DciA bind to Vc-DnaB and suppress its ATPase activity during loading onto physiological DNA substrates. Our data suggest that DciA loads DnaB onto DNA using the ring- opening mechanism.
Can ERPs and neural oscillations be used to differentiate skilled and unskilled player performance in an ecologically valid sporting model?
Authors: Winstanley Mike , Cruse Damian , Drust Barry
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to identify neural correlates of high performance in ecological valid, sporting tasks and quantify the differences between high skilled and low skilled players. To do this, Esports was chosen to be the sporting model to facilitate clean brain activity recordings whilst playing sport. After being separated based on skilled objective classification measure, players brain activity was then recorded as they completed a visuomotor psychophysics task and Esports aim-training tasks. Results indicated that skilled players display enhanced response in time-domain activity of occipital parietal electrodes, displaying increases to p100 and p300 peak amplitude. Peak decoding using MVPA, classifying brain activity between skilled or unskilled players, is achieved during the first 300ms of the response. Furthermore, skilled players show greater modulation to visual attention, gated by alpha oscillations localized to the visual cortex, and to cognitive workload, gated by theta oscillations localized to the frontal-midline. During complex, Esports tasks however, skilled players show an increase in frontal-midline theta showing the increased drive of ACC facilitating repeated execution of precise movements. Due to the nature of the model, applied implications are suggested for both coaches and athletes of all sports to utilize this research.
Temporal cohort number, neural composition, and connectivity vary along theDrosophilalarval body axis
Authors: Vasudevan Deeptha , Wang Yi-wen , Kushkowski Eliane , Corcoran Sean , Wreden Chris C , Heckscher Ellie S
Published: November 2024

Neural circuits are the fundamental computational units of the nervous system, and neural stem cell lineages are the fundamental developmental units of the nervous system. How these units map onto each other is a critical constraint on CNS function. The developing Drosophila nerve cord has emerged as a powerful model for studying lineage-based circuit assembly. Here, lineages are organized into temporal cohorts, which are sets of similar neurons born within a tight time window, and connectomic analysis shows that neurons of a temporal cohort have similar circuit-level connectivity. A major limitation has been the focus on a single representative segment, which is problematic because the body and nervous system comprise multiple segments organized into axially diverse regions, each with distinctive behaviors and circuits. How variation in stem cell lineage development impacts circuit configuration is unknown. Here, using the Drosophila NB3-3 lineage at different axial levels as a model, we determine the variation in cell biological decisions made by the lineage and examine its impact on temporal cohorts. We combined lineage tracing, manipulation of cell death pathways, marker gene analysis, and anterograde circuit tracing from somatosensory neurons. Depending on region, temporal cohort number is modulated by stem cell proliferation. The number and molecular identities of neurons within a temporal cohort are tuned by various cell biological mechanisms, all acting post-mitotically. Temporal cohorts can be mapped into similar or different circuits. Overall, this study provides new fundamental insight into how diverse circuits emerge from a constrained pool of stem cells in vivo.
Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria from Rhizosphere ofSonneratia apetalaCollected from Sundarbans
Authors: Rimi Arifa Afrose , Roshnee Fatiha Islam , Shuvro Kumar , Tasin Md. Habibur Rahman , Akter Rima , Islam Md Emdadul , Islam Kazi M Didarul , Rahman S M Mahbubur , Billah Md Morsaline
Published: November 2024

Nitrogen is a crucial element for plant growth, driving vibrant greenery, photosynthesis, and overall vitality. This research focused on isolating, characterizing, and identifying nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the rhizosphere ofSonneratia apetalain the Sundarbans, Khulna, Bangladesh, with the goal of assessing their potential as biofertilizers. Despite the Sundarbans’ rich microbial diversity, less than 5–10% of species have been identified due to challenges in culturing, which has limited exploration of their applications. In this study, nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated using nitrogen-free media, including yeast extract mannitol agar(YEMA) and Burks media, followed by an ammonification test to select ammonia-producing bacteria. This process yielded ten nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates capable of producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Various biochemical tests, including oxidase, catalase, methyl red, indole, urease, citrate, triple sugar iron, and starch hydrolysis, were conducted. The isolates, designated AK1 to AK10, were identified asRossellomoreasp.,Clostridiumsp.,Achromobactersp.,Pseudomonassp.,Gluconacetobactersp.,Scytonemasp.,Pseudomonassp.,Nesterenkoniasp.,Gluconacetobactersp., andBacillussp., respectively. Additionally, isolates AK1, AK3, AK4, and AK10 were confirmed through 16S rRNA sequencing. A pot test further revealed that isolate AK-1 significantly stimulated the growth and development of maize seedlings. Future studies are needed to examine the impact of these bacterial isolates on crop yield and seed quality, to better determine their suitability as biofertilizers.
Perilipin 5 Phosphorylation is Dispensable for Upregulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Genes upon Fasting but Required for Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 Expression in Male Mice
Authors: Bovee Corinne E , Grandgenett Ryan P , Trevino Michelle , Dutta Sucharita , Peachee Spencer J , Kopriva Shayla , Haider Farakh , Liu Siming , Bhardwaj Gourav , Penniman Christie , O’Neill Brian T , Imai Yumi
Published: November 2024

Objective

Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid droplet protein highly expressed in cells that actively oxidize fatty acids. Previous in vitro studies have revealed that PLIN5 phosphorylation (p-PLIN5) at serine 155 by PKA is critical for transcriptional regulation of PPARa target genes by which PLIN5 adapt cells for fatty acid oxidation. We aim to determine the extent of p-PLIN5 in vivo and the consequence of impaired PLIN5 phosphorylation in the liver by using a whole-body knock-in of phosphorylation resistant PLIN5 (SA/SA) in mice.

Methods

We measured PLIN5 and p-PLIN5 with mass spectrometry and Phos-tag gels. We assessed serum chemistry in WT and SA/SA mice upon fasting. RNA sequencing and qPCR compared the gene expression in the liver of SA/SA and WT mice after overnight fast.

Results

Plin5 phosphorylation at S155 was increased in the liver LD fraction of fasted mice compared with that of fed mice by mass spectrometry (p<0.05). qPCR of key lipid metabolism genes did not differ between WT and SA/SA liver upon fasting. Male SA/SA mice had a higher fasting blood glucose (p<0.05) without a difference in body weight, serum insulin, or serum lipids. IRS2 was reduced in the liver of fasted male SA/SA mice (p<0.05).

Conclusion

PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation is dispensable for the upregulation of lipid metabolism genes important for fasting response in vivo. Impaired phosphorylation also had little effect on serum lipids or liver TG. However, SA/SA mice showed decreased IRS2 expression in the liver, which may contribute to glucose intolerance in SA/SA male mice.
Reprogramming the neuronal secretory and metabolic machinery using correctors for Alzheimer therapy
Authors: Won Jin Cho , Shang Yutong , Patil Sushmita , Qi Xin , Jena Bhanu P.
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and personality changes, leading to dementia. The primary cause of the cognitive decline that characterizes AD is the loss of neurons, hypothesized as being due to secretory defects in neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. There is growing evidence that in Alzheimer there is impaired neuronal metabolism due to an increase in free radicals and mitochondrial fission, leading to loss in ATP synthesis required for neurotransmission. Therefore, impaired metabolism in neurons may lead to the observed defects in neurotransmitter release, resulting in the loss of neuronal function and connections in regions of the brain involved in memory and reasoning. In our earlier studies, peptide inhibitor targeting oligomeric ATAD3A, a protein essential for mitochondrial fission and bioenergetics, were found to partially rescue from AD, both in AD neurons and AD mice. In the current study in AD neurons, neuronal porosome reconstitution combined with either a linear or circular peptide inhibitor of ATAD3A oligomers, was able to restore AD neurons to near normal levels of viability and greatly reduce oxidative stress in mitochondria. Additionally, the peptide and a small molecule considered safe by the FDA and used as a food additive, were also able to greatly increase viability in AD neurons and provide reduction to near normal levels of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Collectively, these results demonstrate great promise as secretory and metabolic correctors for AD therapy.
Grin2aHypofunction Disrupts Hippocampal Network Oscillations and E/I Balance Contributing to Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Hosseini Hassan , Rodríguez Díaz Jean C. , Pritchett Dominique L. , Sheng Morgan , Jones Kevin S.
Published: November 2024

Background

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, particularly those containing the GluN2A subunit, play a critical role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. The GluN2A subunit, encoded by theGrin2agene, is essential for maintaining cognitive function, including working memory. In this study, we explore howGrin2amutations impair working memory and disrupt hippocampal network oscillations and E/I balance.

Methods

Grin2amutant mice were assessed for spatial working memory deficits using the 8-arm radial maze. We utilized multi-electrode arrays and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology to evaluate network oscillation and synaptic inputs to pyramidal cells inex vivohippocampal slices. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of hippocampal slices to evaluate changes in the abundance of GABAergic neurons.

Results

Our results demonstrate thatGrin2adeficiency impairs spatial working memory and disrupts coupling of theta-gamma oscillations in the hippocampus. Moreover,Grin2amutants express an overabundance of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons that integrate into hippocampal circuits and destabilize excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) input to CA1 pyramidal neurons.

Conclusion

This study highlights the critical role of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors in maintaining hippocampal network synchrony. Impairments in network synchrony and E/I balance within the hippocampus may drive the cognitive deficits observed inGrin2a-related disorders such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, and intellectual disability.
TiFM2.0 - Versatile mechanical measurement and actuation in live embryos
Authors: Hernandez-Rodriguez Ana R. , Lan Yisha , Ji Fengtong , McLaren Susannah B.P. , Vidigueira Joana M. N. , Li Ruoheng , Dai Yixin , Holmes Emily , Moon Lauren D. , Balasubramaniam Lakshmi , Xiong Fengzhu
Published: November 2024

During development, spatial-temporally patterned tissue-level stresses and mechanical properties create diverse tissue shapes. To understand the mechanics of small-scale embryonic tissues, precisely controlled sensors and actuators are needed. Previously, we reported a control-based approach named tissue force microscopy (TiFM1.0), which combines dynamic positioning and imaging of an inserted cantilever probe to directly measure and impose forces in early avian embryos. Here we present an upgraded system (TiFM2.0) that utilises interferometer positioning to minimise probe holder footprint, enhancing accessibility and imaging signal. This new design enables a double-probe configuration for bidirectional stretching, compression and stress propagation experiments. As proof-of-concept, we showcase a variety of examples of TiFM2.0 applications in chicken and zebrafish embryos, including the characterization of mechanical heterogeneities important for the morphogenesis of the chicken posterior body axis. We also present simplified designs and protocols for the replication of TiFM systems with minimal custom engineering for developmental biology labs.
Optogenetic Central Amygdala Stimulation is Highly Reinforcing and Strongly Outcompetes Fentanyl Self-Administration in Male, but not Female, Rats
Authors: Chaloux-Pinette E. , Vela Mirelez-Prince M. , Soto S. , Ananth K. , Tong X. , Silva V. , Rodriguez D. , Janak P. H.
Published: November 2024

The central nucleus of the amygdala plays a key role in many aspects of substance use disorders, in particular biasing behaviors toward one drug or natural reward over another, yet the role of this region in opioid self-administration remains unclear. Here, we report that pharmacological inactivation of the central amygdala reduces fentanyl self-administration, while intra-central amygdala opioid receptor antagonism dose-dependently increases fentanyl self-administration. We tested whether optogenetic activation of the central amygdala would increase motivation for fentanyl in rats with a long fentanyl self-administration history. While pairing fentanyl delivery with optogenetic central amygdala activation increased fentanyl self-administration, optoactivation itself was highly reinforcing and, in choice settings, was pursued over fentanyl despite mounting effort requirements, delays, and sporadic reward availability. Of note, under free response conditions, these effects were limited to male rats; while female rats avidly responded for optogenetic activation of the central amygdala, this activation was less effective in enhancing fentanyl intake, and it was not preferred over fentanyl. In contrast, under discrete trial choice which precluded independent regulation of intake of the two options, both females and males preferred optoactivation to fentanyl. These results demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of neural activity within the anterior central amygdala does not appear to potentiate the reinforcing effects of fentanyl, but is itself highly reinforcing regardless of sex, and, in male rats can robustly outcompete fentanyl. In contrast, in females, fentanyl intake is relatively insensitive to competing opportunities for optoactivation, except when opportunities to obtain drug or optoactivation are sparse.
The role of structural connectivity on brain function through a Markov model of signal transmission
Authors: Razban Rostam M. , Banerjee Anupam , Mujica-Parodi Lilianne R. , Bahar Ivet
Published: November 2024

Structure determines function. However, this universal theme in biology has been surprisingly difficult to observe in human brain neuroimaging data. Here, we link structure to function by hypothesizing that brain signals propagate as a Markovian process on an underlying structure. We focus on a metric called commute time: the average number of steps for a random walker to go from region A to B and then back to A. Commute times based on white matter tracts from diffusion MRI exhibit an average ± standard deviation Spearman correlation of −0.26 ± 0.08 with functional MRI connectivity data across 434 UK Biobank individuals and −0.24 ± 0.06 across 400 HCP Young Adult brain scans. The correlation increases to −0.36 ± 0.14 and to −0.32 ± 0.12 when the principal contributions of both commute time and functional connectivity are compared for both datasets. The observed weak but robust correlations provide evidence of a relationship, albeit restricted, between neuronal connectivity and brain function. The correlations are stronger by 33% compared to broadly used communication measures such as search information and communicability. The difference further widens to a factor of 5 when commute times are correlated to the principal mode of functional connectivity from its eigenvalue decomposition. Overall, the study points to the utility of commute time to account for the role of polysynaptic (indirect) connectivity underlying brain function.
Direct comparison of EEG resting state and task functional connectivity patterns for predicting working memory performance using connectome-based predictive modeling
Authors: Pashkov Anton , Dakhtin Ivan
Published: November 2024

The use of machine learning techniques combined with advanced neuroimaging methods to reveal a complex relationship between patterns of neuronal activity and behavioral characteristics is an actively developing area in modern neuroscience. Investigating brain activity data non-invasively recorded in resting-state conditions has substantially enhanced our understanding of the neuronal foundations of cognitive functions. However, results of more recent studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging suggest that task-based paradigms may outperform resting state ones in predicting cognitive outcomes. To date, no studies have tested this hypothesis using EEG data. The aim of this study was to experimentally compare, for the first time, the predictive power of models built on high-density EEG data acquired during rest and an auditory working memory task execution, while utilizing different data processing pipelines to ensure the robustness and reliability of the findings. In accordance with previous studies, we found that modeling performance was slightly better for task EEG data compared to resting state recordings, except for high working memory load, where resting state data was superior to task-based functional connectivity in terms of predictive capacity. In general, models derived from both conditions showed overall high modeling accuracy, reaching up to R2= 0.31. Functional connectivity in the alpha frequency band was the most efficient predictor of working memory scores, followed by that of theta and beta bands. Finally, we demonstrated that the choice of parcellation atlas and functional connectivity method significantly impacted the ultimate results, which should be taken into consideration when designing future experiments.
Unlocking the drivers behind logistics service providers' participation in Morocco's logistics clusters
Authors: El Moussaoui Alaa Eddine
Published: November 2024

Purpose

In recent years, the concept of logistics clusters has attracted the attention of several researchers and practitioners. It is an agglomeration of different types of companies and operations, notably those providing logistics services, such as supply chain organization, storage and distribution. The paper focuses on this concept by examining the factors influencing LSPs to enter the logistics clusters.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews was conducted. Regarding the sample size, the author interviewed 31 professionals belonging to logistics clusters located in the Moroccan economic metropolis of Casablanca.

Findings

The results show that the cost reduction, the reputation of the cluster, the learning from other LSPs, the communal services, the geographical proximity and the role of public authorities are the main factors impacting the entry of logistics service providers into these clusters.

Originality/value

This theme has never been investigated. Therefore, this research expands the literature review and tries to examine this gap of literature by studying the factors that can affect the adhesion of logistics service providers to these clusters.
Board gender diversity (BGD): compelling evidence in support for the critical mass theory
Authors: Lefley Frank , Janecek Vaclav
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The paper aims to identify the level of support and expand on the issues recently raised in the literature concerning critical mass theory and board gender diversity (BGD).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors systematically searched relevant articles on the Scopus database in March 2024, identifying 132 articles. After removing book chapters, conference papers and reviews, the number was reduced to 122. An additional 16 were discarded as they were irrelevant (e.g. political, theoretical or conceptual) to the current study, leaving a final sample of 106 articles. This longitudinal study covers the period from 2016 to 2024.

Findings

The paper finds compelling evidence supporting the critical mass theory and underscores the importance of corporate BGD in today’s society. It also offers explanations for the few cases where critical mass theory may not be fully supported. It highlights that the performance benefits of corporate BGD, in many cases, only exist when there is a critical mass of female directors on the board.

Practical implications

It lends support to policymakers in pursuing corporate BGD through quotas, provided that the incentive is not just to fill the numbers.

Originality/value

The paper offers a unique perspective on the level of support for the critical mass theory. It is believed to be the first paper to conduct a longitudinal study to investigate the support for the critical mass theory.
The effect of disaggregated financial statements on potential nonprofit donors
Authors: Schmelzer Anthony , Stott Frances A. , Wilson Aaron , Stott David M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study examines the effect that aggregated versus disaggregated financial statements has on a potential donor’s decision to donate to both large and small nonprofit organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilizes 147 participants in a 2 × 2 design in which participants are placed in the role of potential donors.

Findings

Results indicate that disaggregated financial statements increase the likelihood of donors donating. Findings suggest that trust serves as a mediating effect, as disaggregated information leads to increased organizational trust, which subsequently leads to an increased likelihood of donating.

Research limitations/implications

Providing participants with a fictitious scenario may not reflect true donor behavior. Participants also have no personal risk in deciding to donate because they are not actually making a financial donation.

Practical implications

Our results provide insight into the decision process of donors as this study suggests that disaggregated information leads to higher donations. As disaggregated information leads to higher trust, organizations are incentivized to provide disaggregated information because it increases the appearance of trustworthiness.

Social implications

Fundraising campaigns can benefit from our findings. Nonprofit organizations should evaluate the impact on trust when considering best practices related to disaggregated information.

Originality/value

There is currently a trust crisis in America’s nonprofits, and this study aims to understand how the level of aggregation of financial statement information can increase trust and subsequent donor giving.
What drives Chinese Generation Z’s purchase intentions for new Chinese style apparel? A study from a stimulus-organism-response perspective
Authors: Huang Xiao , Wu Fangyan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to understand how product attributes (object stimuli), social influences (social-psychological stimuli) and internal factors (internal stimuli) contribute to Chinese Generation Z’s purchase intentions (responses) for new Chinese style apparel (NCSA) through NCSA attitudes (cognitive state) and cultural pride (affective state) based on the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 989 respondents aged between 18 and 29 years through self-administrated questionnaires via a professional survey panel, Credamo, in China. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Results showed that among the seven stimuli, NCSA’s design, online social networking communities, cultural identity and personal norms significantly influenced Generation Z’s purchase intentions through both NCSA attitudes and cultural pride. Further, NCSA’s cultural connotations and celebrity influences elicited purchase intentions merely through the affective state – cultural pride. In contrast, NCSA’s functionality did not have a significant influence on NCSA attitudes and adversely affected cultural pride.

Originality/value

This study fills the research gap and extends the application of the S-O-R model within the NCSA context. The findings of this study shed light on the practical implications for marketers, brands and policymakers with regard to a better understanding of Chinese Generation Z’s NCSA consumption.
Behaving with style: investigating the influence of decision-making styles on the innovative work behavior of managers
Authors: Ibrahimi Qëndresë , Berisha Gentrit , Krasniqi Besnik , Ramosaj Berim
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper explores the relationship between managers’ decision-making style (DMS) and innovative work behavior (IWB). Our study addresses a notable gap in existing research, as the relationship between DMS and IWB has been unexplored.

Design/methodology/approach

We rely on data from a sample of managers from diverse companies in Kosovo to test our hypotheses. We use structural equation modeling for data analysis, and as a complementary test, we perform a necessary condition analysis.

Findings

Managers who adopt rational and intuitive decision-making styles tend to demonstrate higher IWB, whereas those who favor dependent, avoiding or spontaneous decision-making styles behave less innovatively. Rational style is a necessary but not sufficient condition for IWB of managers.

Practical implications

The innovative work behavior of managers is significantly influenced by their decision-making style. Based on this relationship, our research can contribute to decision-making training, personnel selection and development, career planning and organizational innovation initiatives.

Originality/value

Our study is the first to investigate the relationship between decision-making styles and innovative work behavior with a sample of managers. Furthermore, it is the first study to investigate the stylistic determinants of the innovative work behavior of managers in a non-Western context.
Accessibility services needs of visually impaired patrons in public libraries: a grounded theory study of China
Authors: Guo Yajun , Liu Zhenyang , Guo Yi Ruo , Kou Xuying , Jin Zihan
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Public libraries are strong advocates of the development of accessibility for people with disabilities. Understanding the accessibility services needs of visually impaired patrons is highly beneficial for increasing satisfaction with public library services. The purpose of this research is to assess the service capabilities of visually impaired patrons in public libraries and to improve the accessibility of services provided by public libraries for visually impaired patrons.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopts a mixed methods approach. Qualitative data collection involves interviews and surveys with 34 visually impaired individuals in China, applying grounded theory and expectancy theory. Quantitative analysis is then carried out using the Kano model.

Findings

The research reveals four types of accessibility service needs, with visually impaired patrons prioritizing value-added information services and self-service options. In addition, visually impaired patrons are also highly interested in the integration of assistive and innovative technologies within libraries.

Originality/value

By emphasizing a patron-centered approach, this research provides insights into innovative service approaches in public libraries that address the specific needs of visually impaired patrons and contribute essential strategies for bridging the digital divide.
Swipe, view, engage: the interplay of athlete social media content and viewer attitudes on sports perception and interest
Authors: Szymkowiak Andrzej , Garczarek-Bąk Urszula , Bączyk Mikołaj
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Influencers in physical activity and sports have gained significant prominence in promoting health and well-being via digital social networks. This research investigates the impact of athlete influencers on sports perceptions, with a focus on korfball. Using korfball as a representative sport minimizes biases, allowing a nuanced exploration of athlete-generated content’s direct influence on viewer attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey with 319 respondents explores variables like athlete attitude, attractive appearance, social media profile attitude, emotional engagement toward korfball, korfball perception, korfball interest and general sports attitude. Structural equation modeling analysis examines relationships among these variables.

Findings

The study delves into the complex interplay among athlete attitude, social media attitude and emotional engagement toward sports, emphasizing the pivotal role of authenticity in fostering deeper connections. Contrary to expectations, athlete attractiveness did not significantly influence viewer priorities, signaling a notable shift towards valuing authenticity and performance. Furthermore, the research explores how general sports attitudes moderate relationships between sports perceptions and interest, offering critical insights for sports sociology and marketing.

Originality/value

This study innovates by focusing on korfball, emphasizing authenticity over attractiveness and providing insights into the evolving dynamics of sports marketing and consumer behavior in the digital age. This research evidences the profound impact of the digital age on sports engagement, laying a foundation for future studies and practical applications in sports sociology, marketing and consumer behavior.
Responsive service design and workforce strengthening: Recommendations to improve aged care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
Authors: Pearson Odette , Parrella Adriana , Zagler Jonathon , Morey Kim , Veziari Yasamin , Brown Alex
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aimed to develop innovative and practical strategies and recommendations for aged care policy and practice that support the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Methods

A research symposium was held in June 2023 on Kaurna Country at the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute. The symposium brought together 70 attendees including aged care consumers, Federal and State Government representatives, advocacy services, health, aged care and social service providers, and health and aged care researchers. Two roundtable sessions titled ‘Responsive Service Design’ and ‘Workforce Strengthening’ were conducted following a World Café approach. Data were analysed thematically.

Results

This paper proposes recommendations relating to innovation and improvement within aged care policy and practice. Recommendations for responsive service design and workforce strengthening include the following: (1) promote genuine engagement and involvement, (2) establish partnerships between sectors, (3) ensure compliance, (4) innovative communication and feedback pathways, (5) holistic approaches to well‐being, (6) prioritise cultural safety and (7) flexible recruitment and retention strategies.

Conclusions

Working together and building partnerships between diverse stakeholders including community members, workforce, service providers and policymakers is required for sustainable and meaningful innovation within the aged care sector. Our recommendations, driven by community needs, provide an opportunity to ensure the innovation and implementation of ongoing aged care reforms meet the needs and expectations of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Family perspectives on delirium information provision in an inpatient setting
Authors: Athithan Sharanya , Browne William , Moran Chris
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Delirium is common in older hospitalised patients and is associated with significant distress in family members who witness it. Education‐based interventions can support the family of people with delirium. This study aimed to understand the perspective of family members of people with delirium regarding the information they received and opportunities for improvement.

Methods

We performed 10 semi‐structured interviews of 11 family members (one mother–daughter dyad) of people with delirium greater than 65 years of age across two sub‐acute Geriatric Evaluation and Management units in Victoria, Australia. Interviews were inductively analysed by the lead investigator to identify themes related to the information provided and opportunities for improvement.

Results

We identified three themes related to delirium information provision: (1) delirium knowledge is not common; (2) information should consider the broad complex of the person; and (3) lived experience of delirium was helpful. We identified five themes with regard to opportunities to improve delirium information provision: (1) Good communication skills are important; (2) Regular communication is helpful; (3) Family wish to be present and know how to be involved; (4) Information provision should include prognosis; (5) Written information can support verbal information.

Conclusions

Information provision to family members should take into account their existing knowledge and experience and consider their family member as a whole. High quality, regular, written and oral communication from health‐care professionals is likely to prove helpful.
The prevalence of suboptimal prescribing of medication in First Nations older adults in the Torres Strait
Authors: Korinihona Tania , Thompson Fintan , Russell Sarah Gillian , Quigley Rachel , Miller Gavin , Sagigi Betty , Strivens Edward
Published: November 2024

Objectives

This study assessed the prevalence of suboptimal prescribing of medicines in First Nations older adults in the Torres Strait. Types of suboptimal prescribing included polypharmacy, over‐prescribing, under‐prescribing and anticholinergic burden. It also assessed any significant associations between suboptimal prescribing and common age‐related problems such as falls, reduced function and cognition.

Method

Cross‐sectional study (2015–2018) on 18 island and five mainland communities in the Torres Strait and Northern Peninsula Area of Far North Queensland, Australia. Community‐dwelling residents aged 45 years and older who identified as Torres Strait Islander and/or Aboriginal with complete medication histories were recruited in this study. Validated prescribing tools were used to identify suboptimal prescribing practises.

Results

There were 254 participants with complete medication histories. The mean age was 65.7 (SD ± 10.9, range 45–93), with 65% female. Suboptimal prescribing in this study was 74%. Of these, 49% of participants had polypharmacy, 44% were over‐prescribed, and 36% were under‐prescribed. Anticholinergic burden was identified in 26% of participants. Polypharmacy was more prevalent in participants who were dependent on instrumental activities of daily living (iADLs).

Conclusions

The results demonstrate the importance of general practitioners, health‐care workers or pharmacists, to monitor medication prescribing in this population. Frequent review of medications to reduce suboptimal prescribing practices within these communities may help to reduce adverse outcomes because of prescribing practices.
Ayahuasca rituals for the treatment of substance use disorders: Three narratives of former patients of a neo‐shamanic center from Uruguay
Authors: Scuro Juan , Apud Ismael , Martínez Vanessa
Published: November 2024

Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage from the Amazon rainforest, used in spiritual and religious settings for medical purposes. Since the 1990s onwards, several religious and neo‐shamanic groups have been using it in Uruguay within the psychospiritual networks. Some participants go to rituals of ayahuasca looking for therapeutic alternatives to certain ailments, such as substance use disorders (SUDs). In this chapter, three cases of former patients who recovered in a neo‐shamanic center that uses ayahuasca for the treatment of SUDs are described and analyzed. The center is conducted by a psychologist trained in the Peruvian vegetalismo tradition. An ethnographic description of the ritual setting as well as the process of psychotherapeutic intervention of the center are described. In‐depth interviews were used to collect the narratives of the three patients. A medical anthropology perspective is used, focusing on different subjective trajectories: the general biographic trajectory, SUDs trajectory, spiritual trajectory, and the trajectory under the entheogenic field, ayahuasca included. As we discuss, the impact of ayahuasca rituals ceremonies should be explained not only by ayahuasca as a psychedelic compound, but as a psychotherapeutic tool immersed in a social, cultural, and spiritual setting aimed at the treatment of SUDs.
“Being, Like, Their Parents Throughout Their Lifetime”—House Parents' Perceptions of Their Role in the Family‐Style Group Care
Authors: Ben‐Shlomo Shirley , Levin‐Keini Noga , Langfeld‐Satat Shira
Published: November 2024

Based on the concepts in Katz and Kahn's role theory model this qualitative research examines the role perception and experience of house parents in the family‐style group care, a type of out‐of‐home placement model for at‐risk children who cannot reside with their birth families. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 house parents (both men and women) to gain insights into their role perception and experience. The findings revolved around three central themes: motivation for choosing the role (search for meaning, previous exposure to the role and childhood experiences); role perception (parental and administrative); and experiencing the role, in terms of positive and negative emotions. The theoretical significance of this research lies in understanding the unique role perception of house parents, distinct from the corporate world. In comprehending the role of house parents, its nature and its impact on the well‐being of individuals in this role, social workers can improve house parent training and contribute to the mental well‐being of children growing up in these settings.
Validation and standardization of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale for international infant populations
Authors: Eliks Małgorzata
Published: November 2024

This commentary is on the systematic review by Mendonça et al. on pages 165–176 of this issue.
The impact of prolonged walking on fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled crossover study
Authors: Niwaha Anxious J. , Shields Beverley M. , Rodgers Lauren R. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Andrews Robert C. , Nyirenda Moffat J. , Jones Angus G.
Published: November 2024

Aims

In many low‐income countries, fasting glucose is the primary measure for monitoring glycaemic control. Many patients in these countries walk long distances to the clinic, but the impact of walking on fasting glucose in type 2 diabetes is unknown. We aimed to determine the impact of walking on fasting glucose in people with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

In a randomised crossover trial, the change in glucose from baseline in the fasting state was compared between walking on a treadmill at a predetermined speed of 4.5 km/h for 1 h and not walking (resting) in people with type 2 diabetes.

Results

In all, 45 participants were enrolled and all completed both visits; 21/45 (46.7%) were women, and the median age was 51. Glucose during and after walking was similar to glucose while at rest; the glucose difference (walking minus rest) was −0.15 (95% CI: −0.55, 0.26) and −0.10 (95% CI: −0.50, 0.31) mmol/L at 1 and 2 h, respectively, p > 0.4 for both.

Conclusions

Fasting plasma glucose is not meaningfully affected by prolonged walking in participants with type 2 diabetes; therefore, the reliability of fasting glucose for monitoring glycaemic burden is unlikely to be altered in patients who walk to the clinic.