Mechanism of Ca2+Transport by Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Martonosi Anthony N. , Beeler Troy J. 
Published: November 2010

The sections in this article are:

Structure of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Transverse Tubules

Structure of Plasmalemma and T Tubules

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Junction Between T Tubules andSR

Mechanism of Excitation‐Contraction Coupling

Isolation ofSR, T Tubules, and Surface Membrane Elements from Skeletal Muscle

Separation of Membrane Fractions by Calcium Oxalate or Calcium Phosphate Loading

Protein Composition ofSR

Structure of Ca2+‐TransportATPase and Its Disposition inSRMembrane

Fragmentation of Ca2+‐ATPase With Proteolytic Enzymes

Primary Sequence of Ca2+‐TransportATPase From RabbitSR

Structure of Proteolipids

Structure and Distribution of Calsequestrin and High‐Affinity Ca2+‐Binding Protein inSR

Lipid Composition ofSR

Distribution of Phospholipids in Membrane Bilayer

Role of Phospholipids in Atpase Activity andCA2+Transport

Boundary Lipids and the Problem of Lipid Annulus

Rate ofATPHydrolysis and Physical Properties of the Lipid Phase

Mobility of Phospholipids and Ca2+‐TransportATPase inSR

Mechanism ofATPHydrolysis andCA2+Transport

Introduction of Reaction Sequence

Ca2+Binding toSR

Binding of Ca2+to Ca2+‐TransportATPase

Binding of Mg2+to Ca2+‐ATPase

Binding ofATPto Ca2+‐ATPase

Binding of Various Substrates to Ca2+‐ATPase

Influence ofATPon Mobility and Reactivity of Protein Side‐Chain Groups

Formation of Enzyme‐Substrate Complex

Formation and Properties of Phosphoproteins

Kinetics of E∼P Formation

Relationship Between Enzyme Phosphorylation and Translocation of Calcium

Changes in Ca2+Affinity of Phosphoenzyme During Ca2+Translocation

ADP‐Sensitive andADP‐insensitive Phosphoprotein Intermediates

Effect of Potassium onATPaseActivity and Ca2+Transport

Reversal of theCA2+Pump

Ca2+Release Induced byADP+Pi

Ca2+Gradient‐Dependent Phosphorylation ofATPaseby Pi

Arsenate‐Induced Ca2+Release

Mechanism of Ca2+Release Induced byADP+Pi

Ca2+Gradient‐Independent Phosphorylation of Ca2+‐ATPaseby Pi

Role of Ca2+‐Protein Interactions inATPSynthesis

PiHOHExchange

NTPPiExchange

Physical Basis ofCA2+Translocation

Protein‐Protein Interactions inSRand Their Functional Significance

Electron Microscopy

Fluorescence‐Energy Transfer

Electron Spin Resonance Studies

ATPase‐ATPase Interactions in Detergent Solutions

Chemical Cross‐Linking

Effects of Inhibitors onATPaseActivity

Possibility of Subunit Heterogeneity

Conclusion

Permeability ofSR

Monovalent‐Cation Channels inSR

Anion Channels inSR

Effect of Membrane Proteins on Permeability ofSRMembranes

Relationship Between Membrane Potential and Calcium Fluxes AcrossSRMembrane

Probes as Indicators ofSRMembrane Potential

Influence ofSRMembrane Potential on Calcium Permeability

Influence of Membrane Potential on Active Calcium Transport

Effect of Calcium Uptake on Membrane Potential ofSR

A Critical Analysis of Experimental Findings on Effects of Ca2+Transport on Membrane Potential

Effect of Calcium on Optical Response of Positive Cyanine Dyes

Response of Negatively Charged Dyes to Calcium Transport bySRVesicles

Membrane Potential ofSRIn Vivo

Effect of Ca2+Release on Membrane Potential ofSR

Transport ofCA2+by CardiacSR

Kinetic Differences BetweenSRof Fast‐Twitch and Slow‐Twitch Skeletal Muscles

Regulation ofCA2+Transport by Membrane Phosphorylation

Role of Protein Kinase‐Dependent Membrane Phosphorylation in Regulation of Ca2+Transport by Skeletal MuscleSR

Physiological Significance of Phospholamban Phosphorylation

Biosynthesis ofSR

Studies onSRDevelopment In Vivo

Assembly ofSRin Cultured Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle

Synthesis of Ca2+‐TransportATPasein Cell‐Free Systems and Its Insertion into the Membrane

Synthesis of Calsequestrin

Regulation of Synthesis of Ca2+‐TransportATPase

Myogenic Regulation

Neural Influence on Concentration of Ca2+‐ATPasein Muscle Cells