bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Potential of Intranasally Delivered Sulforaphane-Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Against Cisplatin-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Ibrahim Fouad Ghadha , El-Sayed Sara A. M. , Mabrouk Mostafa , Ahmed Kawkab A. , Beherei Hanan H.
Published: August 2022

Cisplatin (CIS) is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used to treat cancer. However, its therapeutic efficiency is limited due to its potential to provoke neurotoxicity. Sulforaphane (SF) is a natural phytochemical that demonstrated several protective activities. Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) could be used as drug carriers. This study aimed to explore the nanotoxic influence of SF-loaded within Fe3O4-NPs (N.SF), and to compare the neuroprotective potential of both N.SF and SF against CIS-induced neurotoxicity. N.SF or SF was administrated intranasally for 5 days before and 3 days after a single dose of CIS (12 mg/kg/week, i.p.) on the 6thday. Neuromuscular coordination was assessed using hanging wire and tail-flick tests. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities and markers of oxidative stress were measured in the brain. In addition, the brain iron (Fe) content was estimated. CIS significantly induced a significant increase in AChE activities and lipid peroxides, and a significant decrement in glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) contents. CIS elicited impaired neuromuscular function and thermal hyperalgesia. CIS-induced brains displayed a significant reduction in Fe content. Histopathological examination of different brain regions supported the biochemical and behavioral results. Contradict, treatment of CIS-rats with either N.SF or SF significantly decreased AChE activity, mitigated oxidative stress, and ameliorated the behavioral outcome. The histopathological features supported our results. Collectively, N.SF demonstrated superior neuroprotective activities on the behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological (striatum and cerebral cortex) aspects. N.SF could be regarded as a promising “pre-clinical” neuroprotective agent. Furthermore, this study confirmed the safe toxicological profile of Fe3O4-NPs.
Fatigue strength assessment of TIG-dressed high-strength steel cruciform joints by nominal and local approaches
Authors: Brunnhofer P. , Buzzi C. , Pertoll T. , Leitner M. , Mössler W.
Published: August 2022

According to the IIW recommendation, the fatigue strength of welded steel joints is defined as independent of the base material in case of the as-welded condition. However, post-treatment techniques can improve the fatigue performance of welded structures, especially for increased base material strengths. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of TIG dressing, as common post-weld treatment method, on the fatigue strength of high-strength steel S700 cruciform joints. The statistically evaluated fatigue test results reveal a significant increase of the nominal fatigue strength from FAT 90 for the as-welded up to 182 MPa for the TIG-dressed state. The experiments are further compared to recommended and suggested design curves applying both nominal as well as local stress approaches. Focusing on the TIG-dressed state, the suggested increase in nominal stresses is well validated leading to a conservative assessment. In addition, the proposed slope in the finite life region with a value of m1 = 4 shows a sound fit to the statistically evaluated value of m1 = 4.7 for the test results. The local fatigue strength estimation is performed based on a recent proposal using the theory of critical distances. Therefore, linear elastic numerical analysis of the investigated specimens is performed. Again, the resulting S-N curves agree well to the experiments validating the proposed local design approach.
Islam and Political Power in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Liow Joseph Chinyong
Published: August 2022

Islamism in Indonesia and Malaysia has undergone a fascinating transformation from social movement roots to mainstream politics. How did this take place, and to what ends? Drawing on social movement theories, this Element explains this transformation by focusing on key Islamic social movements in these two countries. It argues: first, that the popularity and appeal of Islamism in Indonesia and Malaysia cannot be understood without appreciating how these social movements have enabled and facilitated mobilization; and second, that it is precisely these roots in civil societal mobilization that account for the enduring influence of Islamist politics evident in how Islamic social movements have shaped and transformed the political landscape. These arguments will be developed by unpacking how Islamist ideas took root in social movement settings, the kinds of institutional and organizational structures through which these ideas were advanced, and the changing political landscape that facilitated these processes.
Collective Resistance to Neoliberalism
Authors: Almeida Paul , Martín Amalia Pérez
Published: August 2022

Civil society actors contested the fifty-year long transition to a global economy based on the principles of neoliberalism. Mobilization against neoliberal measures represents one of the most common forms of social-movement activity across the world. We explore the evolution of resistance to economic liberalization from the 1970s to the current period. Our study highlights several dimensions of civic opposition to the implementation of free market policies, including: forms of neoliberalism; geographic distribution of protest events across world regions and time; and outcomes of movement campaigns.
Whose Security Matters?
Authors: Jamshidi Maryam
Published: August 2022

Claims to security are everywhere. They are used by states to justify invading other nations1 and to derogate from international law obligations.2 They are invoked by governments as reasons to exclude foreign nationals from their territory;3 surveil their citizens;4 and kill citizens and foreigners alike by remote control.5 Some experts use security claims to underscore the seriousness of global threats, like COVID-19.6 Security claims are also used by communities to defend their rights and well-being from those threatening them, including the state itself.7 Still others criticize the use of security discourse—in at least some circumstances—describing it as undermining the rule of law.8 Embedded within these claims is a view about whose security matters most—something that is also implicitly reflected in J. Benton Heath's four-part typology of security claims described in his recent article, “Making Sense of Security.”9 This essay explores the importance of whose security matters to Heath's framework. It does so by examining one political movement currently challenging the U.S. national security state. This movement is led by members of groups targeted and disadvantaged by U.S. national security policies—namely, Muslim, African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian communities. In that movement's recently released policy agenda, Abolishing the War on Terror & Building Communities of Care: A Grassroots Policy Agenda for the Biden-Harris Administration and 117th Congress (Abolishing the War on Terror), 10 its leaders call for abolishing the national security state and the War on Terror that it birthed.11
Determining coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) community incidence threshold for preoperative testing
Authors: Zhou Judy , Wituik Christopher , Al-Salem Mohammed , Aljarbou Alanoud , Dekker Jonah , Karimi Saba , Mertz Dominik
Published: August 2022

Preprocedural testing for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is frequently used to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality during the pandemic. Such testing is resource intensive, and the relative benefits depend on local epidemiology. We propose a threshold of 20 per 100,000 unlinked cases to activate such testing to optimize the yield and positive predictive value.
On strongly rigid hyperfluctuating random measures
Authors: Klatt Michael Andreas , Last Günter
Published: August 2022

In contrast to previous belief, we provide examples of stationary ergodic random measures that are both hyperfluctuating and strongly rigid. Therefore we study hyperplane intersection processes (HIPs) that are formed by the vertices of Poisson hyperplane tessellations. These HIPs are known to be hyperfluctuating, that is, the variance of the number of points in a bounded observation window grows faster than the size of the window. Here we show that the HIPs exhibit a particularly strong rigidity property. For any bounded Borel set B, an exponentially small (bounded) stopping set suffices to reconstruct the position of all points in B and, in fact, all hyperplanes intersecting B. Therefore the random measures supported by the hyperplane intersections of arbitrary (but fixed) dimension, are also hyperfluctuating. Our examples aid the search for relations between correlations, density fluctuations, and rigidity properties.
DISTALITY RANK
Authors: WALKER ROLAND
Published: August 2022

Building on Pierre Simon’s notion of distality, we introduce distality rank as a property of first-order theories and give examples for each rankmsuch that$1\leq m \leq \omega $. For NIP theories, we show that distality rank is invariant under base change. We also define a generalization of type orthogonality calledm-determinacy and show that theories of distality rankmrequire certain products to bem-determined. Furthermore, for NIP theories, this behavior characterizesm-distality. If we narrow the scope to stable theories, we observe thatm-distality can be characterized by the maximum cycle size found in the forking “geometry,” so it coincides with$(m-1)$-triviality. On a broader scale, we see thatm-distality is a strengthening of Saharon Shelah’s notion ofm-dependence.
Paleogeographical reconstruction of the western French Alps foreland during the last glacial maximum using cosmogenic exposure dating
Authors: Roattino Thibault , Crouzet Christian , Vassallo Riccardo , Buoncristiani Jean-François , Carcaillet Julien , Gribenski Natacha , Valla Pierre G.
Published: August 2022

The extent of glaciers in the western French Alps foreland during the last glacial maximum (LGM, 26.5–19 ka) has not yet been determined, so understanding glacial paleogeography during the LGM remains an open question. This study focuses on the glacial chronology in the western French Alps piedmont using 10Be surface exposure ages on nine glacial boulders and 12 erratic boulders. Results indicate an LGM glacier advance between ca. 24 and 21 ka. During the late LGM, a smaller glacier readvance or stabilization phase occurred at ca. 19 ka, which was followed by a withdrawal phase between ca. 19 and 16.5 ka. Our outcomes show that the LGM extent in the western French Alps was similar or slightly less extensive than the pre-LGM ice extents during the last glacial. Such paleogeography has also been suggested in the western Italian Alps, which share the same accumulation zone with the western French Alps glaciers. The LGM dynamic of the western French Alps foreland glaciers highlighted by our exposure ages is consistent with the timing of the LGM glacier advances and deglaciation with the western Italian ice lobes.
BRANCHING TECHNIQUE FOR A BI-OBJECTIVE TWO-STAGE ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM
Authors: JAIN EKTA , DAHIYA KALPANA , VERMA VANITA
Published: August 2022

We discuss a bi-objective two-stage assignment problem (BiTSAP) that aims at minimizing two objective functions: one comprising a nonlinear cost function defined explicitly in terms of assignment variables and the other a total completion time. A two-stage assignment problem deals with the optimal allocation of n jobs to n agents in two stages, where
$n_1$
out of n jobs are primary jobs which constitute Stage-1 and the rest of the jobs are secondary jobs constituting Stage-2. The paper proposes an algorithm that seeks an optimal solution for a BiTSAP in terms of various efficient time-cost pairs. An algorithm for ranking all feasible assignments of a two-stage assignment problem in order of increasing total completion time is also presented. Theoretical justification and numerical illustrations are included to support the proposed algorithms.
Investigating the Relationship Between Childhood Music Practice and Pitch-Naming Ability in Professional Musicians and a Population-Based Twin Sample
Authors: Bairnsfather Jane E. , Ullén Fredrik , Osborne Margaret S. , Wilson Sarah J. , Mosing Miriam A.
Published: August 2022

The relationship between pitch-naming ability and childhood onset of music training is well established and thought to reflect both genetic predisposition and music training during a critical period. However, the importance of the amount of practice during this period has not been investigated. In a population sample of twins (N = 1447, 39% male, 367 complete twin pairs) and a sample of 290 professional musicians (51% male), we investigated the role of genes, age of onset of playing music and accumulated childhood practice on pitch-naming ability. A significant correlation between pitch-naming scores for monozygotic (r = .27, p < .001) but not dizygotic twin pairs (r = −.04, p = .63) supported the role of genetic factors. In professional musicians, the amount of practice accumulated between ages 6 and 11 predicted pitch-naming accuracy (p = .025). In twins, age of onset was no longer a significant predictor once practice was considered. Combined, these findings are in line with the notion that pitch-naming ability is associated with both genetic factors and amount of early practice, rather than just age of onset per se. This may reflect a dose–response relation between practice and pitch-naming ability in genetically predisposed individuals. Alternatively, children who excel at pitch-naming may have an increased tendency to practice.
The Influence of the Stratospheric Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation on the Tropical Easterly Jet Over the Maritime Continent
Authors: Li Yuanpu , Huang Sihua , Wen Zhiping
Published: August 2022

This study investigated the influence of the stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) on the tropical easterly jet (TEJ), using the ERA5 and QBO series of Singapore and Freie Universität Berlin. Since the 1980s, the easterlies of the TEJ over the Maritime Continent are weaker during easterly QBO (EQBO) than westerly QBO. QBO influences TEJ by affecting convection on the east and west sides of the Maritime Continent. The climatological rising movement on the west side of the Maritime Continent can reach a higher altitude than that on the east side, which implies the convections on the west side are likely to be more effectively promoted by the reduced stability near the tropopause during EQBO. The zonal asymmetry in the stability near the tropopause is also a possible cause for QBO modulating convection. QBO has a significant influence on the Asian summer monsoon and tropical/subtropical precipitation through modulating the TEJ.
Solute Transport Through Unsteady Hydrologic Systems Along a Plug Flow‐To‐Uniform Sampling Continuum
Authors: Grant Stanley B. , Harman Ciaran J.
Published: August 2022

Unsteady transit time distribution (TTD) theory is a promising new approach for merging hydrologic and water quality models at the catchment scale. A major obstacle to widespread adoption of the theory, however, has been the specification of the StorAge Selection (SAS) function, which describes how the selection of water for outflow is biased by age. In this paper we hypothesize that some unsteady hydrologic systems of practical interest can be described, to first‐order, by a “shifted‐uniform” SAS that falls along a continuum between plug flow sampling (for which only the oldest water in storage is sampled for outflow) and uniform sampling (for which water in storage is sampled randomly for outflow). For this choice of SAS function, explicit formulae are derived for the evolving: (a) age distribution of water in storage; (b) age distribution of water in outflow; and (c) breakthrough concentration of a conservative solute under either continuous or impulsive addition. Model predictions conform closely to chloride and deuterium breakthrough curves measured previously in a sloping lysimeter subject to periodic wetting, although refinements of the model are needed to account for the reconfiguration of flow paths at high storage levels (the so‐called inverse storage effect). The analytical results derived in this paper should lower the barrier to applying TTD theory in practice, ease the computational demands associated with simulating solute transport through complex hydrologic systems, and provide physical insights that might not be apparent from traditional numerical solutions of the governing equations.
Evidence for a developing plate boundary in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Gómez de la Peña Laura , R. Ranero César , Gràcia Eulàlia , Booth-Rea Guillermo , Azañón José Miguel , Tinivella Umberta , Yelles-Chaouche Abdelkarim
Published: August 2022

The current diffuse-strain model of the collision between Africa and Eurasia in the western Mediterranean predicts a broad region with deformation distributed among numerous faults and moderate-magnitude seismicity. However, the model is untested because most deformation occurs underwater, at poorly characterized faults of undetermined slip. Here we assess the diffuse-strain model analysing two active offshore fault systems associated with the most prominent seafloor relief in the region. We use pre-stack depth migrated seismic images to estimate, for the first time, the total Plio-Holocene slip of the right-lateral Yusuf and reverse Alboran Ridge structurally linked fault system. We show that kinematic restoration of deformational structures predicts a slip of 16 ± 4.7 km for the Alboran Ridge Fault and a minimum of 12 km for the Yusuf Fault. Thus, this fault system forms a well-defined narrow plate boundary that has absorbed most of the 24 ± 5 km Plio-Holocene Africa-Eurasia convergence and represents an underappreciated hazard.
ELF5 is a potential respiratory epithelial cell-specific risk gene for severe COVID-19
Authors: Pietzner Maik , Chua Robert Lorenz , Wheeler Eleanor , Jechow Katharina , Willett Julian D. S. , Radbruch Helena , Trump Saskia , Heidecker Bettina , Zeberg Hugo , Heppner Frank L. , Eils Roland , Mall Marcus A. , Richards J. Brent , Sander Leif-Erik , Lehmann Irina , Lukassen Sören , Wareham Nicholas J. , Conrad Christian , Langenberg Claudia
Published: August 2022

Despite two years of intense global research activity, host genetic factors that predispose to a poorer prognosis of COVID-19 infection remain poorly understood. Here, we prioritise eight robust (e.g., ELF5) or suggestive but unreported (e.g., RAB2A) candidate protein mediators of COVID-19 outcomes by integrating results from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative with population-based plasma proteomics using statistical colocalisation. The transcription factor ELF5 (ELF5) shows robust and directionally consistent associations across different outcome definitions, including a >4-fold higher risk (odds ratio: 4.88; 95%-CI: 2.47–9.63; p-value < 5.0 × 10−6) for severe COVID-19 per 1 s.d. higher genetically predicted plasma ELF5. We show that ELF5 is specifically expressed in epithelial cells of the respiratory system, such as secretory and alveolar type 2 cells, using single-cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry. These cells are also likely targets of SARS-CoV-2 by colocalisation with key host factors, including ACE2 and TMPRSS2. In summary, large-scale human genetic studies together with gene expression at single-cell resolution highlight ELF5 as a risk gene for severe COVID-19, supporting a role of epithelial cells of the respiratory system in the adverse host response to SARS-CoV-2.
Resistance to the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutant inhibitor ivosidenib can be overcome by alternative dimer-interface binding inhibitors
Authors: Reinbold Raphael , Hvinden Ingvild C. , Rabe Patrick , Herold Ryan A. , Finch Alina , Wood James , Morgan Melissa , Staudt Maximillian , Clifton Ian J. , Armstrong Fraser A. , McCullagh James S. O. , Redmond Jo , Bardella Chiara , Abboud Martine I. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: August 2022

Ivosidenib, an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132C and R132H variants, is approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Resistance to ivosidenib due to a second site mutation of IDH1 R132C, leading to IDH1 R132C/S280F, has emerged. We describe biochemical, crystallographic, and cellular studies on the IDH1 R132C/S280F and R132H/S280F variants that inform on the mechanism of second-site resistance, which involves both modulation of inhibitor binding at the IDH1 dimer-interface and alteration of kinetic properties, which enable more efficient 2-HG production relative to IDH1 R132C and IDH1 R132H. Importantly, the biochemical and cellular results demonstrate that it should be possible to overcome S280F mediated resistance in AML patients by using alternative inhibitors, including some presently in phase 2 clinical trials.
Telemedicine platform for health assessment remotely by an integrated nanoarchitectonics FePS3/rGO and Ti3C2-based wearable device
Authors: Vaghasiya Jayraj V. , Mayorga-Martinez Carmen C. , Pumera Martin
Published: August 2022

Due to the emergence of various new infectious (viral/bacteria) diseases, the remote surveillance of infected persons has become most important, especially if hospitals need to isolate infected patients to prevent the spreading of pathogens to health care personnel. Therefore, we develop a remote health monitoring system by integrating a stretchable asymmetric supercapacitor (SASC) as a portable power source with sensors that can monitor the human physical health condition in real-time and remotely. An abnormal body temperature and breathing rate could indicate a person’s sickness/infection status. Here we integrated FePS3@graphene-based strain sensor and SASC into an all-in-one textile system and wrapped it around the abdomen to continuously monitor the breathing cycle of the person. The real body temperature was recorded by integrating the temperature sensor with the SASC. The proposed system recorded physiological parameters in real-time and when monitored remotely could be employed as a screening tool for monitoring pathogen infection status.
Driving ultrafast spin and energy modulation in quantum well states via photo-induced electric fields
Authors: Ciocys Samuel T. , Maksimovic Nikola , Analytis James G. , Lanzara Alessandra
Published: August 2022

The future of modern optoelectronics and spintronic devices relies on our ability to control the spin and charge degrees of freedom at ultrafast timescales. Rashba spin-split quantum well states, 2D states that develop at the surface of strong spin-orbit coupling materials, are ideal given the tunability of their energy and spin states. So far, however, most studies have only demonstrated such control in a static way. In this study, we demonstrate control of the spin and energy degrees of freedom of surface quantum well states on Bi2Se3 at picosecond timescales. By means of a focused laser pulse, we modulate the band-bending, producing picosecond time-varying electric fields at the material’s surface, thereby reversibly modulating the quantum well spectrum and Rashba effect. Moreover, we uncover a dynamic quasi-Fermi level, dependent on the Lifshitz transition of the second quantum well band bottom. These results open a pathway for light-driven spintronic devices with ultrafast switching of electronic phases, and offer the interesting prospect to extend this ultrafast photo-gating technique to a broader host of 2D materials.
The development of an eye movement-based deep learning system for laparoscopic surgical skills assessment
Authors: Kuo R. J. , Chen Hung-Jen , Kuo Yi-Hung
Published: August 2022

The development of valid, reliable, and objective methods of skills assessment is central to modern surgical training. Numerous rating scales have been developed and validated for quantifying surgical performance. However, many of these scoring systems are potentially flawed in their design in terms of reliability. Eye-tracking techniques, which provide a more objective investigation of the visual-cognitive aspects of the decision-making process, recently have been utilized in surgery domains for skill assessment and training, and their use has been focused on investigating differences between expert and novice surgeons to understand task performance, identify experienced surgeons, and establish training approaches. Ten graduate students at the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology with no prior laparoscopic surgical skills were recruited to perform the FLS peg transfer task. Then k-means clustering algorithm was used to split 500 trials into three dissimilar clusters, grouped as novice, intermediate, and expert levels, by an objective performance assessment parameter incorporating task duration with error score. Two types of data sets, namely, time series data extracted from coordinates of eye fixation and image data from videos, were used to implement and test our proposed skill level detection system with ensemble learning and a CNN algorithm. Results indicated that ensemble learning and the CNN were able to correctly classify skill levels with accuracies of 76.0% and 81.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of coordinates of eye fixation and image data allowed the discrimination of skill levels with a classification accuracy of 82.5%. We examined more levels of training experience and further integrated an eye tracking technique and deep learning algorithms to develop a tool for objective assessment of laparoscopic surgical skill. With a relatively unbalanced sample, our results have demonstrated that the approach combining the features of visual fixation coordinates and images achieved a very promising level of performance for classifying skill levels of trainees.
Global patterns of the cranial form of modern human populations described by analysis of a 3D surface homologous model
Authors: Matsumura Hirofumi , Tanijiri Toyohisa , Kouchi Makiko , Hanihara Tsunehiko , Friess Martin , Moiseyev Vyacheslav , Stringer Chris , Miyahara Kengo
Published: August 2022

This study assessed the regional diversity of the human cranial form by using geometric homologous models based on scanned data from 148 ethnic groups worldwide. This method adopted a template-fitting technique for a nonrigid transformation via the iterative closest point algorithm to generate the homologous meshes. Through the application of principal component analysis to 342 sampled homologous models, the largest variation was detected in overall size, and small South Asian crania were clearly verified. The next greatest diversity was found in the length/breadth proportion of the neurocranium, which showed the contrast between the elongated crania of Africans and the globular crania of Northeast Asians. Notably, this component was slightly correlated with the facial profile. Well-known facial features, such as the forward projection of the cheek among Northeast Asians and compaction of the European maxilla, were reconfirmed. These facial variations were highly correlated with the calvarial outline, particularly the degree of frontal and occipital inclines. An allometric pattern was detected in facial proportions in relation to overall cranial size; in larger crania, the facial profiles tend to be longer and narrower, as demonstrated among many American natives and Northeast Asians. Although our study did not include data on environmental variables that are likely to affect cranial morphology, such as climate or dietary conditions, the large datasets of homologous cranial models will be usefully available for seeking various attributions to phenotypic skeletal characteristics.
Metagenomic features of bioburden serve as outcome indicators in combat extremity wounds
Authors: Avila-Herrera Aram , Thissen James B. , Mulakken Nisha , Schobel Seth A. , Morrison Michael D. , Zhou Xiner , Grey Scott F. , Lisboa Felipe A. , Unselt Desiree , Mabery Shalini , Upadhyay Meenu M. , Jaing Crystal J. , Elster Eric A. , Be Nicholas A.
Published: August 2022

Battlefield injury management requires specialized care, and wound infection is a frequent complication. Challenges related to characterizing relevant pathogens further complicates treatment. Applying metagenomics to wounds offers a comprehensive path toward assessing microbial genomic fingerprints and could indicate prognostic variables for future decision support tools. Wound specimens from combat-injured U.S. service members, obtained during surgical debridements before delayed wound closure, were subjected to whole metagenome analysis and targeted enrichment of antimicrobial resistance genes. Results did not indicate a singular, common microbial metagenomic profile for wound failure, instead reflecting a complex microenvironment with varying bioburden diversity across outcomes. Genus-level Pseudomonas detection was associated with wound failure at all surgeries. A logistic regression model was fit to the presence and absence of antimicrobial resistance classes to assess associations with nosocomial pathogens. A. baumannii detection was associated with detection of genomic signatures for resistance to trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, bacitracin, and polymyxin. Machine learning classifiers were applied to identify wound and microbial variables associated with outcome. Feature importance rankings averaged across models indicated the variables with the largest effects on predicting wound outcome, including an increase in P. putida sequence reads. These results describe the microbial genomic determinants in combat wound bioburden and demonstrate metagenomic investigation as a comprehensive tool for providing information toward aiding treatment of combat-related injuries.
Suppression of stacking fault expansion in a 4H-SiC epitaxial layer by proton irradiation
Authors: Harada Shunta , Mii Toshiki , Sakane Hitoshi , Kato Masashi
Published: August 2022

SiC bipolar degradation, which is caused by stacking fault expansion from basal plane dislocations in a SiC epitaxial layer or near the interface between the epitaxial layer and the substrate, is one of the critical problems inhibiting widespread usage of high-voltage SiC bipolar devices. In the present study, we investigated the stacking fault expansion behavior under UV illumination in a 4H-SiC epitaxial layer subjected to proton irradiation. X-ray topography observations revealed that proton irradiation suppressed stacking fault expansion. Excess carrier lifetime measurements showed that stacking fault expansion was suppressed in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers with proton irradiation at a fluence of 1 × 1011 cm−2 without evident reduction of the excess carrier lifetime. Furthermore, stacking fault expansion was also suppressed even after high-temperature annealing to recover the excess carrier lifetime. These results implied that passivation of dislocation cores by protons hinders recombination-enhanced dislocation glide motion under UV illumination.
A GLP1 receptor agonist diabetes drug ameliorates neurodegeneration in a mouse model of infantile neurometabolic disease
Authors: Poupon-Bejuit L. , Hughes M. P. , Liu W. , Geard A. , Faour-Slika N. , Whaler S. , Massaro G. , Rahim A. A.
Published: August 2022

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare paediatric neurodegenerative condition caused by mutations in the PLA2G6 gene, which is also the causative gene for PARK14-linked young adult-onset dystonia parkinsonism. INAD patients usually die within their first decade of life, and there are currently no effective treatments available. GLP1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are licensed for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus but have also demonstrated neuroprotective properties in a clinical trial for Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a new recently licensed GLP-1R agonist diabetes drug in a mouse model of INAD. Systemically administered high-dose semaglutide delivered weekly to juvenile INAD mice improved locomotor function and extended the lifespan. An investigation into the mechanisms underlying these therapeutic effects revealed that semaglutide significantly increased levels of key neuroprotective molecules while decreasing those involved in pro-neurodegenerative pathways. The expression of mediators in both the apoptotic and necroptotic pathways were also significantly reduced in semaglutide treated mice. A reduction of neuronal loss and neuroinflammation was observed. Finally, there was no obvious inflammatory response in wild-type mice associated with the repeated high doses of semaglutide used in this study.
Association between the baseline gene expression profile in periapical granuloma and periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Adeel , Nazim Fizza , Ahmed Khalid , Bari Muhammad Furqan , Abdulwahed Abdulaziz , AlMokhatieb Ahmed A. , Alalvi Yaseen , Abduljabbar Tariq , Mughal Nouman , Abidi Syed Hani
Published: August 2022

In this study, we have investigated the association between the baseline gene expression profile in periapical granuloma and periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment. Twenty-seven patients aged between 15 and 57 years underwent periapical surgery. The retrieved periapical tissue sample was used for mRNA expression analysis of COL1A1, VTN, ITGA5, IL-4, TNF, ANGPT, VEGFA, and CTGF. All patients were recalled after 6 and 12 months for periapical healing evaluation. Healing was then correlated with baseline gene expression. Healing was observed in 15 patients at the end of 6 months, which increased to 21 patients after 12 months. Six patients showed no healing even after 12 months. Analysis of baseline expression levels of the tested genes with healing status showed the mean relative expression of VTN, VEGFA, ANGPT, TNF, and CTGF to be significantly different (p < 0.05) between the healing group (6 and 12 months) (72.99%) and the non-healing (94.42%) group. Periapical Index scores 3–5 exhibited a positive correlation with ITGA-5 expression. Overexpression of ANGPT and a strong positive correlation between ITGA5 and PAI scores in the non-healing group of patients may suggest these genes to be a potential prognostic biomarker for periapical wound non-healing after surgical endodontic treatment.
Prevalent emergence of reciprocity among cross-feeding bacteria
Authors: Giri Samir , Yousif Ghada , Shitut Shraddha , Oña Leonardo , Kost Christian
Published: August 2022

Explaining the de novo evolution of obligate cooperative cross-feeding interactions among bacteria is a fundamental problem. A critical step during this process is the emergence of reciprocity among two interaction partners, because a mutually beneficial exchange of metabolic byproducts can subsequently favour the evolution of cooperative cross-feeding. However, so far, the propensity with which unidirectional cross-feeding interactions transition into bidirectional interactions remains unknown. To address this issue, we systematically cocultured four amino acid auxotrophic genotypes of two bacterial species with potential amino acid donors belonging to 25 different bacterial species. Surprisingly, the results of this experiment revealed that in around 40% of all cases analysed, both the auxotrophic recipient and the metabolically autonomous donor gained a significant growth advantage in coculture. Subsequent experiments clarified that the auxotrophy-causing mutation did not induce the growth-enhancing effect of recipients, but that it was rather due to a generally high propensity of different species to engage in synergistic metabolic interactions. Together, these findings show that reciprocity commonly emerges spontaneously in unidirectional cross-feeding interactions, thus paving the way for the evolution of even tighter metabolic interactions.
Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy of (Al2O3)2–5FeO+: influence of Fe-substitution on small alumina clusters
Authors: Debnath Sreekanta , Jorewitz Marcel , Asmis Knut R. , Müller Fabian , Stückrath Julius B. , Bischoff Florian A. , Sauer Joachim
Published: August 2022

We study the influence of Fe-substitution on the structure of small alumina clusters using gas phase vibrational spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory.
Thermally induced charge transfer in a quinoid-bridged linear Cu3compound
Authors: Liu Xiao-Lin , Zhang Xiao-Yi , Zhao Hai-Xia , Long La-Sheng , Zheng Lan-Sun
Published: August 2022

Thermally induced charge transfer in a Cu3compound (1) with a multi-center donor–acceptor architecture was observed. This work proves that dielectric measurement is a very effective means to detect charge transfer.
Novel phosphorus(v) tetrabenzotriazacorroles: synthesis, characterization, optical, electrochemical, and femtosecond nonlinear optical studies
Authors: Srivishnu K. S. , Rajesh Manne Naga , Banerjee Dipanjan , Soma Venugopal Rao , Giribabu Lingamallu
Published: August 2022

Three novel tetrabenzotriazacorroles designed with (a) alkyl substituent tert-butyl group (b) electron donor phenothiazine (c) energy donor carbazole on the peripheral position with phosphorus in the cavity.
Late-stage derivatization of a (B,O)2-doped perylene
Authors: Ouadoudi Omar , Kaehler Tanja , Çevik Enes Görkem , Bolte Michael , Stöger Berthold , Virovets Alexander , Lerner Hans-Wolfram , Wagner Matthias
Published: August 2022

Regioselectively di- and tetrabrominated (B,O)2-perylenes were prepared and used in Stille-type couplings to afford highly luminescent alkynylated derivatives.
Composition, concentration, and oxidant reactivity of sesquiterpenes in the southeastern U.S.
Authors: Frazier Graham , McGlynn Deborah F. , Barry Laura E. , Lerdau Manuel , Pusede Sally E. , Isaacman-VanWertz Gabriel
Published: August 2022

Sesquiterpene composition at two sites representative of the southeastern U.S. is similar with β-caryophyllene and humulene dominating ozone reactivity.
Enhanced electro-peroxymonosulfate activation using a carbon nanotube filter with a functionalized polyelectrolyte
Authors: Ma Cancan , Fang Xiaofeng , Jiang Shengtao , Li Fang , Liu Yanbiao
Published: August 2022

An innovative electroactive membrane was designed with polyelectrolyte modification for electro-PMS activation and degradation of refractory organic contaminants in a flow-through filtration model.
Elemental (im-)miscibility determines phase formation of multinary nanoparticles co-sputtered in ionic liquids
Authors: Meischein Michael , Garzón-Manjón Alba , Hammerschmidt Thomas , Xiao Bin , Zhang Siyuan , Abdellaoui Lamya , Scheu Christina , Ludwig Alfred
Published: August 2022

(Im-)miscible elemental combinations were co-sputtered on solid substrates and ionic liquids. The results reveal the formation mechanism of multinary NPs in ionic liquids and information concerning nanoscale elemental miscibility.
Fabricating 3D ultra-thin N-doped porous graphene-like catalysts based on polymerized amino acid metal chelates as an efficient oxygen electrocatalyst for Zn-air batteries
Authors: Zhang Yunxiao , Xiao Wenhua , Yin Yuan , Peng De Zheng , Wang Hongqiang , Zhou Minjie , Hou Zhaohui , Liu Yu , He Binhong
Published: August 2022

NPC-1050 has a unique hierarchical porous morphology, and optimized structure and composition, thus leading to a much improved ORR performance.
Gold-catalyzed hydroarylation reactions: a comprehensive overview
Authors: Ghosh Tapas , Chatterjee Joydip , Bhakta Sayantika
Published: August 2022

Gold-catalyzed hydroarylation reaction offers new pathways for producing complex organic compounds with diverse ring sizes in a highly regio- and stereo-selective approach from available precursors like olefins, alkynes, arenes, and aryl halides.
Optimization of biodiesel synthesis from Jatropha curcas oil using kaolin derived zeolite Na–X as a catalyst
Authors: Otieno Stephen , Kengara Fredrick , Kowenje Chrispin , Mokaya Robert
Published: August 2022

Zeolite Na–X derived from inexpensive kaolin clay is an effective catalyst (up to 94% yield) for Jatropha curcas oil conversion to biodiesel; Taguchi optimization shows methanol/oil ratio of 10, with 8% catalyst loading at 70 °C for 5 h as optimum.
Facile tuning of tip sharpness on gold nanostars by the controlled seed-growth method and coating with a silver shell for detection of thiram using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)
Authors: Quang Anh Thi Ngoc , Nguyen Thu Anh , Vu Sy Van , Lo Tien Nu Hoang , Park In , Vo Khuong Quoc
Published: August 2022

Developing SERS substrates based on the star-like morphology of gold nanoparticles covered by a silver layer to overcome limitations in practical analysis application.
Functional utilization of biochar derived from Tenebrio molitor feces for CO2 capture and supercapacitor applications
Authors: Wang Saier , Shi Ying , Xiang Huiming , Liu Ru , Su Lianghu , Zhang Longjiang , Ji Rongting
Published: August 2022

Biochar has attracted great interest in both CO2 capture and supercapacitor applications due to its unique physicochemical properties and low cost.
The growth simulation of pine-needle like structure with diffusion-limited aggregation and oriented attachment
Authors: Xia Zhijun
Published: August 2022

A growth model combined with diffusion-limited aggregation and oriented attachment is developed for deducing the growth process of pine-needle like structure.
Superhydrophobicity and conductivity of polyester-conductive fabrics using alkaline hydrolysis
Authors: Lee Suhyun
Published: August 2022

A superhydrophobic conductive fabric is developed to solve the problem of functional deterioration due to oxidation by air and water through alkaline hydrolysis and hydrophobic coating.
Base-promoted cascade β-F-elimination/electrocyclization/Diels–Alder/retro-Diels–Alder reaction: efficient access to δ-carboline derivatives
Authors: Sun Xi-Shang , Diao Xin-Yu , Dong Xiu-Qin , Wang Chun-Jiang
Published: August 2022

A serendipitous and efficient approach to access various δ-carbolines was developed through base-promoted cascade β-F-elimination/electrocyclization/Diels–Alder/retro-Diels–Alder reaction in good to high yields with excellent regio/chemoselectivity.
Methanol-assisted energy-efficient water splitting over rambutan-like Au@PdRu core–shell nanocatalysts
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Cui Lin , Yin Shuli , Yu Hongjie , Deng Kai , Xu You , Wang Xin , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang
Published: August 2022

We report a simple strategy for the synthesis of trimetallic Au@PdRu rambutan-like nanocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production with the assistance of methanol oxidation.
N-doping of nonfullerene bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells strengthens photogeneration and exciton dissociation
Authors: Xie Jiaqi , Lin Weihua , Bazan Guillermo C. , Pullerits Tõnu , Zheng Kaibo , Liang Ziqi
Published: August 2022

N-doping of the bulk-heterojunction active layer to enlarge polymeric donor (D) and nonfullerene acceptor (A) domains, dilate D/A interspace and reduce acceptor exciton binding energy to enhance light harvesting and suppress germinate recombination.
Single-center LnIII ratiometric luminescent temperature probes based on singlet → singlet and singlet → triplet sensitizations
Authors: Bispo-Jr Airton Germano , Mazali Italo Odone , Sigoli Fernando Aparecido
Published: August 2022

A new strategy for the development of ratiometric luminescent temperature probes using a single lanthanide ion based on two different excitation channels arising from spin-allowed singlet → singlet and direct spin forbidden singlet → triplet transitions.
Effects of Interventions Involving Speech Output Technologies on Communication Outcomes for Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chavers Tiffany N. , Schlosser Ralf W. , Cheng Cissy , Koul Rajinder
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

This scoping review aimed to map the literature on the effects of interventions involving speech output technologies on communication outcomes for individuals with developmental disabilities other than autism spectrum disorder.

Method:

A scoping review methodology was used to limit bias in searching, selecting, coding, and synthesizing relevant intervention studies. This involved a multifaceted search for studies conducted between 1991 and March 2021 using various electronic databases, ancestry searches, and forward citation searches from selected articles. Studies had to meet stringent inclusion criteria. Each study was summarized in terms of authors, purpose, participants, design, speech output, outcomes, effectiveness, and quality appraisal.

Results:

Twenty-five single-case experimental design studies (88 participants) and one group design studies (62 participants) qualified for inclusion. Most of the participants had multiple diagnoses followed by a diagnosis of cerebral palsy and Down syndrome. Most studies focused on requesting behaviors and to a much lesser extent on syntactic structure and word identification. A dearth of high-quality studies was identified.

Conclusions:

Overall, there is a paucity of high-quality research investigating the effects of speech output technologies for children with developmental disabilities. Additionally, several directions for future research are posited.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.20468928
Clinical results at 10 years of minimum follow-up with the ABG 2 hip arthroplasty, matched with ceramic-on-ceramic bearings
Authors: Coulomb Remy , Mansour Jad , Essig Jérome , Asencio Gérard , Kouyoumdjian Pascal
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The current study aimed as a primary goal is to assess the results of a ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearing hip system matched with ABG (Anatomic Benoist Girard) 2 components in terms of survivorship. Secondary objectives addressed specifically ceramic-related complications as well as specific patterns at the bone-implant interface. Material and methods: This is a retrospective bicentric continuous series involving 147 patients (95 males vs. 52 females) who underwent ABG 2 arthroplasties with CoC bearings. One hundred and twenty-five hips were closely followed-up at a mean period of 11.3 years. Results and discussion: With a mean follow-up of 11.3 years, nine cases (5.7%) underwent revision surgery, four caused by acetabular aseptic loosening, three by deep infections, one ceramic head fracture, and one femoro-acetabular impingement. The global survivorship was 92.2% at 12.7 years. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) mean scores increased post-operatively from 50.1 up to 96.1 points (p < 0.001). All stems featured patterns of radiological osseous integration onto the hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated zones. No radiological wear or osteolysis of ceramic bearings was demonstrated however, five patients reported hip squeaking using this bearing. This study demonstrated excellent results at mid-term follow-up in patients younger than 70 years of age using cementless ABG 2 components coupled with CoC bearings with no increase in complication rate.