bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WHY IT IS CHEAP TO MAINTAIN A HEAVY MILKER
Authors:   SuperIntendent-in-Charge, Deputy Directore of Agriculture Livestock Osur, T MURARI , M.P KUNHIKUTTY ,   Livestock Demonstrator, Hosur
Published: November 2023

General condition of cattle management in this country indicates that no selection is made strictly from the utility point of view. Sentiment very often without rational reasoning affects animal husbandry. It is common knowledge that a vast number of cattle including buffaloes and sheep are not worth their keep. Any traveller will notice how indifferently our cattle are maintained. The ryot does not yet, despite the continual depression in 'the economics of the country, understand the value of keeping a productive animal. Again, we have Pinjarapoles for the weak and old animals when there are thousands of useful animals starving in the country. It would be far more useful for, Pinjarapoles to buy up young and useful dry cattle meant for the slaughter houses and maintain them during the dry period and sell thení back to milkmen. In the interest of the country it would be very useful and humane to kill all useless animals by the humane method instead of starving the cattle to death.
SUNN-HEMP - IN THE NORTHERN TALUKS OF GANJAM
Authors:   Assitant Agricultural Demonstrator Berhampore, M GOPAL RAO
Published: November 2023

Sunn-hemp (Crotalaria juncea) has been under cultivation in the northern taluks of Ganjam from very early times. There is a considerable export of the fibre to foreign countries under the name Gopalpur hemp. The cultivation of this crop is in the hands of kevutus or fishermen, other castes being prohibited by custom from growing it, though when the prices were tempting, others also occasionally took to its cultivation. Ghumsur, Aska and Chatrapur taluks and the estates of Kallikota and Atagada are the chief growing centres, the first of these being known to supply fibre of the best quality...
O LÚDICO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: SILVA BRUNA MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO , Nascimento Cácia Aparecida Souza , Fragasso Edina Ribeiro
Published: November 2023

O lúdico é, por muitos motivos, um dos temas mais discutidos em pesquisas acadêmicas, seja em relação à sua importância para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem da criança, ou até mesmo sobre métodos e a sua prática. Neste contexto, questiona-se: Qual a importância das brincadeiras na Educação Infantil e que aprendizado as crianças podem adquirir através dos jogos e brincadeiras? Existe um limite entre o brincar e o aprender com a prática da ludicidade na sala de aula que deve ser respeitado? Qual o papel do professor frente ao ensino a partir da prática do lúdico? O estudo delimita como objetivo geral investigar a importância do lúdico no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na Educação Infantil. A metodologia abordada se baseia em trabalho bibliográfico, como pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva. O estudo tem sua relevância sustentada na ideia de que os jogos e brincadeiras têm valor para a criança, se tornando, portanto, um objeto facilitador para o educador quando utiliza do lúdico durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na Educação Infantil. Entre os achados mais relevantes destaca-se que é perceptível a importância da ludicidade no ensino e para o desenvolvimento da criança enquanto ser em formação. Destaca-se, neste contexto, a importância de o educador conceber o lúdico na educação como ferramenta de ensino-aprendizagem de forma significativa, e não um “passatempo”. O maior desafio é o fazer do lúdico como um método de ensino eficaz e que esteja inteiramente direcionado ao desenvolvimento do aluno, se tornando, assim, um desafio quanto ao seu uso correto como prática formadora.
Assessment of runoff variability under various factors using SWAT model in a Tunisian semi-arid watershed
Authors: Fathia Jarray  , Taoufik Hermassi  , Mohamed Mechergui  , Mohamed Ali Ben Abdallah
Published: November 2023

This research aims to establish a correlation between prolonged shifts in precipitation patterns and runoff and to delineate spatial surface runoff distribution within the Wadi Rmel watershed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The calibration and validation processes reveal good agreement between measured and simulated flows with a monthly time step. Significantly, the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values of 0.61 and 0.83, accompanied by the coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.66 and 0.85 for calibration and validation, respectively. It clearly indicates a strong agreement between the observed and simulated streamflow data. Subsequently, an exploration of the spatiotemporal variability of runoff underscores the synchronous relationship between runoff and monthly and annual precipitation fluctuations between 2000 and 2020. The values of R2 were 0.7 and 0.79 for monthly and annual studies, respectively, confirming a strong correlation between the two cited variables. Additionally, anthropogenic impacts, particularly Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) measures, were investigated. A high R² coefficients (0.91 for linear relationship) were obtained and showed the high relation between SWC and runoff. In fact, the combination of SWC techniques, vegetation cover, topography and precipitation led to a reduction of 44% of surface runoff, during 2015-2020. Spatially, higher runoff occurred in central and eastern parts due to agriculture and hilly terrain, while forested areas and gentle slopes exhibited lower runoff. In conclusion, this study underscores the model's utility in characterizing arid catchment surface runoff. Its capacity to simulate and assess runoff enriches water resource management comprehension in such contexts.
Upaya Pencegahan Karies Gigi Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar Kelas V Di SD Bineh Krueng Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya
Authors: Nuzul Wilda Nuzul , Keumala Cut Ratna , Nasri Nasri
Published: November 2023

Sistem pelayanan kesehatan merupakam bagian penting dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan. Keberhasilan sistem pelayanan kesehatan tergantung dari berbagai komponen diantaranya perawat, dokter, atau tim kesehatan lainnya.  Anak usia sekolah salah merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rentan terhadap karies, karena umunya masih mempunyai pengetahuan dan perilaku yang kurang terhadap karies gigi pada masa ini anak mulai belajar memperhatikan perilaku hidup dari lingkungan sekitar mulai berinteraksi dengan banyak teman, mengenal dan meniru apa yang dilihat, dampaknya dapat berakibat menguntungkan atau merugikan bagi kesehatan gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatahui “Upaya Pencegahan Karies Gigi Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar Kelas V di SD Bineh Krueng Kabupaten Abdya Tahun 2019” Penelitian ini  dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif pada tanggal 15-18 juli 2019 populasinya adalah seluruh murid sekolah dasar kelas V SD Bineh Krueng berjumlah 90 orang dan sampelnya berjumlah 30 orang secara judgment sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 30 responden yang paling banyak kategori kurang berjumlah 23 orang (76,7%) dan kategori baik berjumlah 7 orang (23,3%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa banyak murid berkriteria kurang sehingga perlu peningkatan pendidikan kesehatan gigi kepada anak anak sd tersebut dengan diadakan nya penyuluhan melalui program UKGS sehingga dapat menurunkan  angka karies gigi pada anak sekolah dasar.
Gambaran Dukungan Keluarga Dan Pengetahuan Ibu Serta Pemberian MP-ASI Pada Anak 6-24 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen
Authors: Rahmi Maulianur , Al-Rahmad Agus Hendra
Published: November 2023

WHO dan UNICEF menyatakan permasalahan dalam pemberian MP-ASI disebabkan baik karena ketidaktahuan dan/atau ketidakmampuan menyiapkan MP ASI yang dapat mencukupi kebutuhan gizi, secara tepat dan higienis. Praktik pemberian Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP ASI) pada bayi dan anak juga belum optimal, antara lain pemberian MP ASI yang terlalu dini dan hanya 46,6% anak usia 6-23 bulan yang mengonsumsi MP ASI dari makanan beragam. Mengetahui Gambaran dukungan keluarga dan pengetahuan ibu serta pemberian MP-ASI pada anak umur 6-24 bulan  di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6-24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu 30 orang ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6-24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli – Agusutus 2022 pada 16 Desa. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah quota sampling. Data di analisis menggunakan uji chi-square dengan nilai alpha 0.05. Pengetahuan ibu tentang pemberian MP-ASI kategori baik sejumlah 33,3 %, kategori kurang sebesar 66,7 %. Dukungan keluarga dalam pemberian MP-ASI, kategori ada dukungan 33,3 %, kategori tidak ada dukungan sebesar 66,7 %. Pemberian MP-ASI dengan kategori sesuai dan tidak sesuai masing-masing sebesar 50,0 %. Nilai signifikansi hubungan pengetahuan ibu dengan pemberian MP-ASI  (p) = 0,007. Nilai signifikansi hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan pemberian MP-ASI  (p) = 0,053. Ada hubungan secara signifikan tingkat pengetahuan dengan pemberian MP-ASI (P<0,05). Tidak ada hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan pemberian MP-ASI pada anak umur 6-24 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Peusangan Kabupaten Bireuen (P >0,05). Kepada petugas kesehatan diharapkan dapat memotivasi keluarga untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan serta perhatian kepada ibu terhadap pemberian MP-ASI.
Mengunyah Buah Apel dapat Menurunkan Indeks Plak
Authors: Nabila Raihan , Nuraskin Cut Aja , Niakurniawati Niakurniawati
Published: November 2023

Buah apel berpengaruh dalam membersihkan gigi dan mulut karena mengandung zat tannin yang membantu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dalam gigi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penurunan indeks plak setelah mengunyah buah apel. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian studi literature dengan mencari referensi teori yang relevan dengan kasus atau permasalahan yang ditemukan. Hasil beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengunyah buah apel sebesar 100 gr dapat menurunkan indeks plak. Buah apel berpengaruh dalam membersihkan gigi dan mulut. Buah apel mengandung zat tannin yang membantu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dalam gigi sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan plak penyebab karies gigi dan penyakit pada gusi. Dari beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mengunyah buah apel dapat menurunkan indeks plak. Untuk menurunkan indeks plak di harapkan masyarakat menjaga kesehatan dan kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan cara menyikat gigi secara teratur, melakukan pemeriksaan gigi secara berkala dan makan-makanan yang mengandung serat.
Pengaruh Pemberian Edukasi Gizi dengan Nutrition Card terhadap Pola Asupan dan Sikap Pada Penderita Hipertensi di Kecamatan Samudera Kabupaten Aceh Utara
Authors: Rajulianda
Published: November 2023

Hipertensi tidak hanya beresiko tinggi menderita penyakit jantung, tetapi juga menderita penyakit lain seperti penyakit saraf, ginjal, dan pembuluh darah, makin tinggi tekanan darah, makin besar resikonya. Media Nutrition Card dipilih karena agar memudahkan sampel untuk membawanya agar pesan-pesan didalamnya mudah diingat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh pemberian edukasi gizi dengan nutrition card terhadap pola asupan dan sikap pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Quasy Eksperiment, sedangkan analisis statistik menggunakan uji Paired Sample T- Test. sebelum dilakukan analisis menggunakan uji T maka terlebih dahulu di uji tingkat kenormalannya menggunakan uji Kolmogorof-Smirnov. Populasi dalam penelian ini sebanyak 92 lansia. Subjek diambil sebanyak 47 orang menggunakan Cluster Random Sampling. Lokasi penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan samudera Kabupaten Aceh Utara. Setelah dilakukan pemberian edukasi, pola asupan dengan selisih rerata sebelum pemberian edukasi gizi adalah 63,89, setelah pemberian edukasi gizi meningkat menjadi 82,40 dengan niai (p = 0,000) dengan perbedaan nilai selisih 18,51. Sedangkan pada sikap, sikap dengan selisih rerata sebelum pemberian edukasi gizi adalah 69,91, setelah pemberian edukasi meningkat menjadi 83,57, dengan nilai (p=0,000) dengan perbedaan nilai selisih 13,66. Pemberian edukasi gizi menggunakan media Nutrition Card berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan pola asupan dan sikap pada lansia yang menderita hipertensi.
Pengaruh Edukasi dengan Metode Kelas Ibu terhadap Pengetahuan Pemberian Makanan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA), Praktik Pemberian MP-ASI dan Berat Badan Balita Underweight
Authors: Sahroni Ana , Rachmawat Rachmawat
Published: November 2023

Pemberian Makanan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA) yaitu melakukan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD), memberikan ASI Eksklusif, memberikan Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) mulai usia 6 bulan dan melanjutkan menyusui sampai dua tahun atau lebih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi dengan metode kelas ibu terhadap pengetahuan pemberian makanan bayi dan anak (PMBA), praktik pemberian MP-ASI dan berat badan balita Underweight. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest and post test dengan menggunakan kelompok kontrol, perlakuan adalah edukasi gizi berupa kelas ibu. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 19 kelompok perlakuan dan 19 kelompok kontrol. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan keragaman bahan makanan, cara pengolahan, cara pemberian MP-ASI dan berat badan balita underweight pada kelompok perlakuan (P < 0,05) dan kelompok kontrol namun tidak dengan pengetahuan ibu (P > 0,05). Tidak ada pengaruh pengetahuan ibu baik pada kelompok perlakuan maupun pada kelompok kontrol. Ada pengaruh edukasi Pemberian Makanan Bayi dan anak (PMBA) terhadap praktik pemberian MP-ASI dan berat badan balita underweight.
Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi tentang Bekal Sehat Bergizi dengan Media Video Terhadap Pengetahuan Siswa
Authors: Laisani Intan , Junaidi Junaidi
Published: November 2023

Bekal makanan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan gizi anak dan untuk menghindari anak agar tidak jajan makanan sembarangan yang belum tentu sehat. Pemberian edukasi gizi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai media seperti media auditif, visual, dan audiovisual. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi gizi tentang bekal sehat bergizi dengan media video terhadap pengetahuan siswa di SD Negeri 62 Banda Aceh Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis desain secara Quasi Experiment dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan Pretest dan Posttest. Hasil penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan uji T-test dependent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan pada siswa sebelum dilakukan edukasi yaitu 8,55 dan skor rata-rata pengetahuan pada siswa setelah dilakukan edukasi yaitu 10,97, adanya peningkatan pengetahuan pada siswa sesudah edukasi dengan selisih nilai 2,421. Ada pengaruh edukasi Bekal sehat bergizi dengan menggunakan media video terhadap pengetahuan siswa di SD Negeri 62 Banda Aceh.
Pengaruh Pemberian Juice Jambu Biji Merah Terhadap Kadar Asam Urat Darah Pada Penderita Hiperurisemia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kota Sigli
Authors: Aulia Rona Nur , Wagustina Silvia
Published: November 2023

Hiperurisemia adalah kadar asam urat dalam darah yang melebihi batas normal. Asam urat dihasilkan oleh setiap makhluk hidup sebagai hasil dari proses metabolisme sel yang berfungsi untuk memelihara kelangsungan hidup. Jambu biji merah mengandung flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan penghambat enzim xanthine oksidase untuk mensintesis hipoxantine ke xhantine dan xanthine menjadi asam urat. Tujuan Penelitian ini ntuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian juice jambu biji merah terhadap kadar asam urat darah pada penderita hiperurisemia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kota Sigli. Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain Quasi Experimental yang dilakukan secara Pretest Posttest pada 32 orang subjek penelitian di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kota Sigli dilakukan pada Desember 2022. Kadar asam urat diukur dengan menggunakan GCU  Easy touch. Selanjutnya data yang didapat akan di analisis menggunakan statistik-test berupa dependent T-Test dan Indepedent. Rerata dari kadar asam urat menurun sebanyak 1,55 mg/dl setelah pemberian rebusan. Pada kelompok tanpa pemberian rebusan rerata dari kadar asam urat menurun sebanyak 0,03 mg/dl. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan dalam perubahan kadar asam urat pada penderita hiperurisemia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kota Sigli setelah 7 hari pemberian jus jambu biji merah dengan nilai rata-rata penurunan sebanyak 1,24 mg/dl.
Utilization and Development of Libas (Spondias Pinnata) Spray-Dried Powder
Authors: Robelle M. Tapado
Published: November 2023

In this study, the effect of maltodextrin concentration on the physico-chemical, sensory and storage characteristics of Libas (Spondias pinnata) powder produced by spray drying was investigated. Initially, fresh Libas leaf extracts were drawn out in distilled water heated at 100°C for 30 minutes. 10, 20 and 30% maltodextrin was added to the solution prior to sieving. These solutions were then atomized in a pilot scale centrifugal spray dryer at an inlet temperature of 180°C, material cooling temperature of 70°C, fan operation frequency of 60 Hz, atomizer operation frequency of 300 Hz and mean outlet temperature of 125°C. Spray dried Libas leaf powder was analyzed for product yield, pH, moisture content, ash content and solubility time. The level of acceptability of the spray dried Libas leaf powder was also assessed in terms of appearance, taste, aroma, mouthfeel and overall acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale conducted on thirty (30) sensory panelists. Findings of the study revealed that maltodextrin concentration significantly affected various physico-chemical, sensory and storage characteristics of spray dried Libas leaf powder. Product yield, solubility and residual moisture content were found to be significantly improved by an increase in maltodextrin concentration. However, it was also found that there is a decrease in the ash content and level of acceptability of the spray dried samples with an increase in maltodextrin concentration. Storage of the spray dried Libas leaf powder for six (6) months significantly affected pH and moisture content. No significant difference in sensory characteristics was detected among treatments indicating that powder quality is still acceptable during the six (6) months storage period.
Optimizing and implementing a community-based group fall prevention program: a mixed methods study
Authors: van Gameren Maaike , Voorn Paul , Bosmans Judith , Visser Bart , Frazer Sanne , Pijnappels Mirjam , Bossen Daniël
Published: November 2023

BackgroundFalls and fall-related injuries among older adults are associated with decreased health and increased costs. Therefore, fall prevention programs (FPPs) have become increasingly important and shown effective. However, the translation of such complex programs into clinical practice is difficult and still lacks insight into factors that influence implementation. This can hamper the implementation and effectiveness of such programs in daily practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a process evaluation among participants, therapists and stakeholders of a widely used group-based FPP in the Netherlands, to optimize and further implement such a program. MethodsIn Balance is a 14-week group-based FPP, combining counselling and exercise sessions. For the process evaluation, we used a mixed methods design. FPP participants and therapists filled out a questionnaire about their experiences with the FPP. Moreover, five focus groups were conducted; three focus groups with FPP participants, one with therapists, and one with other stakeholders. Data was analysed according to the thematic analysis approach of Braun and Clarke. ResultsOverall, 93% of the 104 FPP participants who completed the questionnaire was satisfied with the FPP. Of the therapists, 86% (n=12) would recommend the FPP to older adults with balance or mobility difficulties. Within the qualitative data we identified six themes that are important for sustainable and further and lasting implementation: (1) Recruiting and motivating older adults to participate, (2) Structure and content of the program, (3) Awareness, confidence and physical effects, (4) Training with peers, (5) Funding and costs, and (6) Long-term continuation.Conclusions This study resulted in practical recommendations to optimize and further implement FPPs in practice. For successful implementation, FPPs should include recruitment via a personal approach, doing exercises with a focus on activities of daily living and situations in practice, and having exercise opportunities that follow-up on the FPP.
Domestic Political Consequences of Climate Change: The Evolving Party Competition over Climate and Energy Policy
Authors: Schaffer Lena Maria , Lüth Maximilian
Published: November 2023

Global climate change and the societal goal of energy transition have turned into ever more important issues across democracies over the past 25 years. What implications have climate change and energy transition had for party competition within nation states and how has it evolved over time? We present a dynamic theory and a new measurement instrument to assess if and how parties compete over energy transition policy - the main political tool to combat climate change. We can empirically show that climate related energy policy has evolved from a valence to a positional issue. Party positioning on energy transition is increasingly determined by party ideology, providing evidence that party competition on the climate issue is folding onto the traditional economic left-right dimension. Moreover, our coding efforts indicate that using parties’ environmental policy positions to approximate parties’ climate positioning becomes increasingly imprecise as climate change develops into a more cross-cutting issue.
Hukum Membuka Tempat Makan Pada Siang Ramadhan
Authors: Ramdhani Syicha Nur , Kurniawan Rachmad Risqy
Published: November 2023

: In the holy month of Ramadan we often find practices that violate the Shari'a, especially in places that are visited by many people, such as markets. We often find Muslims eating and drinking during the day in the holy month of Ramdhan, both in shops and coffee shops. This is caused by the facilitation of these places by people who sell food and drinks during the day in the month of Ramadhan. The question arises as to whether someone is allowed to sell food during the day in the holy month of Ramadhan. This research aims to examine the law if someone sells food. at noon in the holy month of Ramadan. So that this matter is not considered normal by the community, because of the community's limitations regarding the law. This research uses the legal istinbat method which is sourced from the Koran and hadith and fiqh qaidah from the uluma. According to the results of this research, if we look at the original law of buying and selling then The law of selling during the day in the month of Ramadan is permissible. However, if the transaction is carried out at the wrong time then the law becomes haram with several provisions.
Analisis Antropologis Terhadap Pengaruh Agama Terhadap Hukum Lokal
Authors: amanda Shakinna azzahra
Published: November 2023

Pengaruh agama terhadap hukum lokal merupakan aspek yang kompleks dan menarik untuk dianalisis dalam perspektif antropologi. Dalam masyarakat tertentu, agama seringkali memainkan peran sentral dalam membentuk norma-norma hukum dan tata tertib. Analisis antropologis dapat memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang bagaimana nilai-nilai keagamaan tercermin dalam struktur hukum lokal dan bagaimana hal ini memengaruhi kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat.
Generative Artificial Intelligence: Risks and Benefits for Educational Institutions
Authors: Göçen Ahmet , Asan Rabia
Published: November 2023

Combining the power of techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and voice recognition to generate text, video, audio, code, and images, "Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)" refers to creating new and unique content with trained data (Aydin & Karaarslan, 2023). Generative AI is getting more recognition at all levels of education. Understanding the risks as well as the benefits of using Generative AI in higher education is key to effectively integrating these technologies. The book chapter first examines the much-discussed models of generative AI and introduces readers to the power of AI technologies, covering the developments in areas such as deep learning, natural language processing and image recognition. The use of generative artificial intelligence in higher education, which paves the way for multifaceted changes in social activity areas and provides different conveniences in education, can lead to highly productive outputs.While it is understandable to seek help in using generative artificial intelligence tools, considering that digital literacy, one of the 21st century skills, must be possessed at basic level by every individual, people should be able to learn or use these complex tools at a certain level. Therefore, it can be suggested that the faculty members should have knowledge about the working algorithm of the tool they intend to use before realizing the appropriate integration. Universities should be able to select and use innovative technologies according to their own needs and situations (Ocana-Fernandez et al., 2019). In a century where technology is developing so fast, it would be good for higher education institutions to be in the group of innovators or early adopters, as Rogers (1995) states, instead of approaching new tools with fear.
On Human Rights and Majority Politics: Felix Frankfurter's Democratic Theory
Authors: Moyn Samuel
Published: November 2023

This symposium piece is primarily a reading of Felix Frankfurter's dissent in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, attempting to draw some lessons from his theory of majoritarian rights for our own moment of crisis for the human rights movement. The situations then and now are only partly comparable, but Frankfurter's call for allowing democratic processes to self-correct even when elite shortcuts beckon-including when it comes to defining and protecting rights provides food for thought.
Debiasing Through Law and the First Amendment
Authors: Jolls Christine
Published: November 2023

Law often compels the disclosure of information in particular—and, increasingly today, in visual—forms. Some judges conclude that such modern disclosure requirements break with the First Amendment interest in ensuring that consumers are “well informed.” This article brings an empirically dedicated perspective to such judicial analyses and provides a specific delineation—for three existing legally required visual communications—of data and tools that facilitate evidence-based assessment of the degree to which consumer perceptions are factually ac-curate in the presence versus the absence of such legally required visual communications.
Antropologis terhadap pengaruh agama terhadap sistem hukum lokal
Authors: Suhatril Cthevya Davanra Pachella
Published: November 2023

Agama memegang peran sentral dalam membentuk norma dan nilai-nilai dalam suatu masyarakat. Keberadaannya menciptakan landasan moral yang mengarah pada pola-pola unik dalam penegakan keadilan, terutama dalam sistem hukum lokal. Dalam konteks ini, memahami dampak agama pada sistem hukum lokal menjadi krusial untuk menjelajahi kompleksitas hubungan antara keyakinan keagamaan dan struktur hukum suatu komunitas.Pengaruh agama tak hanya mencakup aspek spiritual, tetapi juga membentuk dasar etika yang memandu pembentukan norma hukum lokal. Interpretasi dan implementasi ajaran agama dalam hukum menciptakan keseimbangan nilai moral dan etika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Analisis antropologis diperlukan untuk menyelami kedalaman dan kompleksitas cara ajaran agama memengaruhi formulasi norma-norma hukum yang diakui dan dijunjung tinggi oleh suatu masyarakat
Validity and Transparency in Quantifying Open-Ended Data
Authors: Conry-Murray Clare , Waltzer Talia , DeBernardi Fiona C , Fossum Jessica L , Haasova Simona , Matthews Michael S. , O'Mahony Aoife , Moreau David , Baum Myriam A. , Karhulahti Veli-Matti , McCarthy Randy J. , Paterson Helena , McSweeney Kara , Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat
Published: November 2023

Quantitatively coding open-ended data (e.g., from videos, interviews) can be a rich source of information in psychological research, but reporting practices vary substantially. We provide strategies for improving validity and reliability of coding open-ended data, and investigate questionable research practices in this area. First, we systematically examined articles in four top psychology journals (N = 956) and found that 21% included open-ended data coded by humans. However, only about one-third of those articles reported sufficient details to replicate or evaluate the validity of the coding process. Next, we propose multi-phase guidelines for transparently reporting on the quantitative coding of open-ended data, informed by concerns with replicability, content validity, and statistical validity. The first phase involves research design, including selecting data and identifying units reliably. The second phase includes developing a coding manual and training coders. The final phase outlines how to establish reliability. As part of this phase, we used data simulations to examine a common statistic for testing reliability on open-ended data, Cohen’s kappa (κ), and found that it can become inflated when researchers repeatedly test inter-rater reliability or manipulate categories such as by including a missing data category. Finally, to facilitate transparent and valid coding of open-ended data, we provide a pre-registration template that reflects these guidelines. All of the guidelines and resources provided in this paper can be adapted for different types of studies, depending on context.
User Evaluation of Comfortable Deceleration Profiles for Highly Automated Driving: Findings from a Test Track Study
Authors: Horn Stefanie , Rossner Patrick , Madigan Ruth , Bieg Hans-Joachim , Marberger Claus , Alt Philipp , Otto Hanna , Schulz Michael , Schultz Andreas , Kenar Erdi , Merat Natasha
Published: November 2023

As automated vehicles advance and become more widespread, it is increasingly important to ensure optimal driving comfort for passengers. Recent research has focused on developing driving styles for automated vehicles that are perceived to be most comfortable. However, there is still little understanding if and how possible driving styles need to be adjusted for specific traffic scenarios. In this study, a total of 36 participants experienced three different deceleration profiles (a linear deceleration profile ‘One-Step’, and two versions of stepwise deceleration profiles ‘Two-Step V1 and V2’) across different driving scenarios (deceleration before curves, speed-limit, and stop sign). Deceleration profiles were rated by participants and the impact of non-driving related activities on driving comfort was investigated. Results show a positive rating for all deceleration profiles in terms of comfort. For decelerations into a stillstand at a Stop Sign, participants seem to prefer the One-Step approach which decelerates continuously. However, participants ranked the smoother Two-Step V1 approach more frequently as their personal favourite than the One-Step profile and the more dynamic Two-Step V2 profile. The visual distraction of the passenger through a non-driving activity had no impact on passenger comfort and preferences for the profiles and scenarios tested within this study. Nonetheless, participants reported perceiving a lower intensity of longitudinal vehicle movements when visually distracted during the drive. The results of the study provide recommendations for the design and implementation of deceleration profiles perceived to be comfortable.
Unsupervised Learning Can Predict Object Properties of Non-Rigid Mirror Objects in Ambiguous Conditions
Authors: YILDIRAN Omer Faruk , Storrs Katherine , Fleming Roland , Doerschner-Boyaci Katja
Published: November 2023

Although ‘glossiness’ is an optical property of materials, while ‘softness’ is a mechanical property, there is an intriguing perceptual connection between the two as both specular reflections and shape deformations produce distinctive motion patterns. Observers are generally excellent at determining properties of moving surfaces. However, under certain circumstances, reflections and deformations can actually be confused, with rigidly transforming mirrors appearing non-rigid and deforming matte-textured objects occasionally appearing somewhat shiny. Here, we investigated whether similar broad successes and specific confusions also arise in an unsupervised recurrent neural network (PixelRNN) trained to predict video sequences. We previously found that such networks reproduce several key gloss perception phenomena, including the ‘sticky-reflection’ effect (Doerschner et al., 2011, Current Biology), wherein reflections that move with the surface (instead of sliding across it) appear like matte texture markings. We generated 8,000 20-frame movies of objects with diverse appearances and motions by varying the shape, glossiness, soft-body properties (including rigid objects), illumination environments, texture maps, and various rotational directions and speeds. After training, the PixelRNN could synthesize accurate video predictions up to 10 frames into the future. T-SNE visualization of the embedding of new stimuli in the network’s internal representation revealed a clear clustering and disentanglement of the different object types by the network, as confirmed by logistic linear classification according to their surface glossiness and deformability. Over the course of just the first three frames, classification of softness increased dramatically from chance to 99% accuracy. When participants compared the glossiness and rigidity of pairs of stimuli from the test set, we found that human judgements correlated with predictions derived from the embedding of stimuli in the network’s representation. These findings demonstrate that unsupervised predictive learning can disentangle softness and glossiness properties of objects, much like humans, without any explicit training about the distal object properties.
Online support groups, social identity, and the health and wellbeing of adults with Long Covid: An interview study
Authors: Mills Freya , Drury John , Symons Charles , Weston Dale , Amlôt Richard , Carter Holly
Published: November 2023

As many individuals with Long Covid are left without formal support, they have turned to online support groups for help. Using pre-registered interviews with 21 adults with Long Covid, this study sought to understand how online support groups affected group members’ health and wellbeing and to identify whether group members develop a social identity. The reported benefits varied by the nature and size of the online support group: participants reported that smaller groups enabled a sense of community; occupation groups provided work-specific support; and larger groups helped with symptom management. Support groups validated members’ experiences, made them feel less alone, and enhanced self-efficacy through offering support and enabling participants to learn new skills. However, negative outcomes were also reported, such as increased fear and reduced wellbeing. Shared identities developed based on mutual Long Covid experiences, shared values towards illness management and pre-existing identities. Experiences also varied throughout the course of the illness as some members took time away from the support groups due to difficult posts or personal recovery. Whilst this study recognises the necessity of medical treatment for Long Covid, we recommended that individuals with Long Covid explore different support groups to find the right group for them.
From Lab to Life: Challenges and Perspectives of fNIRS for Hemodynamic-based Neurofeedback in Real-World Environments
Authors: Klein Franziska , Kohl Simon Huldreich , Lührs Michael , Mehler David Marc Anton , Sorger Bettina
Published: November 2023

Neurofeedback allows individuals to monitor and self-regulate their brain activity, potentially improving human brain function. Beyond the traditional electrophysiological approach using primarily electroencephalography, brain haemodynamics measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and more recently, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) have been used (haemodynamic-based neurofeedback), particularly to improve the spatial specificity of neurofeedback. Over recent years, especially fNIRS has attracted great attention because it offers several advantages over fMRI such as increased user accessibility, cost-effectiveness and mobility—the latter being the most distinct feature of fNIRS. The next logical step would be to transfer haemodynamic-based neurofeedback protocols that have already been proven and validated by fMRI to mobile fNIRS. However, this undertaking is not always easy, especially since fNIRS novices may miss important fNIRS-specific methodological challenges. This review is aimed at researchers from different fields who seek to exploit the unique capabilities of fNIRS for neurofeedback. It carefully addresses fNIRS-specific challenges and offers suggestions for possible solutions. If the challenges raised are addressed and further developed, fNIRS could emerge as a useful neurofeedback technique with its own unique application potential—the targeted training of brain activity in real-world environments, thereby significantly expanding the scope and scalability of haemodynamic-based neurofeedback applications.
Patent Waiver and Incentive to Innovate
Authors: Mcalinn Kenichiro , Naghavi Alireza Jay , Pignataro Giuseppe , Sugasawa Shonosuke , Yamada Katsunori
Published: November 2023

We conducted a survey experiment with a sample of university-based start-up researchers to investigate the effects of patents on innovations. The real-world news about the patent waiver of COVID-19 vaccines was exploited in our random information manipulation study. A new ensemble method for causal inference, Bayesian causal synthesis, was employed to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects after our news provision, which provided us with important policy implications regarding patent protection policies.
Moderating Model Marketplaces: Platform Governance Puzzles for AI Intermediaries
Authors: Gorwa Robert , Veale Michael
Published: November 2023

Cite as: Robert Gorwa and Michael Veale, 2024. `Moderating Model Marketplaces: Platform Governance Puzzles for AI Intermediaries.' Law, Innovation and Technology 16 (2). (First uploaded as a preprint November 2023.) The AI development community is increasingly making use of hosting intermediaries such as Hugging Face that provide easy access to user-uploaded models and training data. These model marketplaces lower technical deployment barriers for hundreds of thousands of users, yet can be used in numerous potentially harmful and illegal ways. In this article, we argue that AI models, which can both `contain' content and be open-ended tools, present one of the trickiest platform governance challenges seen to date. We provide case studies of several incidents across three illustrative platforms --- Hugging Face, GitHub and Civitai --- to examine how model marketplaces moderate models. Building on this analysis, we outline important (and yet nevertheless limited) practices that industry has been developing to respond to moderation demands: licensing, access and use restrictions, automated content moderation, and open policy development. While the policy challenge at hand is a considerable one, we conclude with some ideas as to how platforms could better mobilize resources to act as a careful, fair, and proportionate regulatory access point.
Next on the Chopping Block: The Litigation Campaign against Race-Conscious Policies Beyond Affirmative Action in University Admissions
Authors: Monea Nino C.
Published: November 2023

The Supreme Court recently ended affirmative action in university admissions. But the decision could have far-reaching implications for all types of race-conscious policies across the country. This Article examines those best poised to take advantage of the anticipated Supreme Court ruling: the vast collection of conservative and libertarian impact litigation firms challenging the use of race in any context. Roughly five dozen ongoing and recent lawsuits across the country are analyzed to both understand how these suits are pled and defended against, and presage what types of policies will come under assault in the coming months and years.
Transition to Adulthood and the Intergenerational Transmission of Disadvantages Among Young Adults in Spain
Authors: Torres Andrés Felipe Castro , Ruiz-Ramos Carlos
Published: November 2023

Explanations for the delayed transition to adulthood patterns in high-income societies need to account for interdependent forms of social inequality. Intersectionality theory offers a framework for interpreting interdependent forms of inequality and yet, it remains underused in quantitative research. We focus on Spain, a country with very high mean ages of leaving parental homes, marital union formation, and childbearing. We use information from a nationally representative survey and birth records to study how transition to adulthood patterns and intergenerational relations are intertwined with the intersection of social categories of inequality, including occupation, educational attainment, space availability at home, place of residence, income, homeownership status, and place of birth. We show that structural and interviewed constraints affect the Spanish population differently, and we describe the family and inequality processes that underlie divergent patterns of transition to adulthood.
Nature and Cultural Theory: Toward Neoliberal Bacteria
Authors: Bryant Jesse Callahan
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the relationship between nature and society in sociology, proposing a framework divided into three approaches: "thinking of nature," "naturalism," and "thinking with nature." It critiques classical sociology's limited engagement with the environment and examines the evolution of sociological thought regarding the ecological basis of society. The paper argues that classical sociology's view of nature, often through mechanistic or organic lenses, needs re-evaluation in contemporary ecological contexts.The section on thinking of nature discusses the ambivalence of classical sociology towards environmental concerns. Naturalism explores the historical perception of nature as a moral guide for society, influencing norms and values. Thinking with nature reveals how nature has served as a metaphorical influence on sociological theories.The paper emphasizes the need for a nuanced perspective in sociology, recognizing the dynamic interplay between nature and society. It advocates for integrating ecological perspectives and reexamining traditional paradigms to enhance the discipline’s relevance in addressing modern social and environmental challenges. Specifically, this paper moved beyond sociological organicism, mechanical, and fungal metaphors and introduced the concept of bacterialization to better fit our neoliberal era.
DEFEN-CE: Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groupsin Post?COVID-19 Labour Markets. Report on Czechia and Slovakia
Authors: Kahancová Marta , Brunnerová Simona , Holubová Barbora , Martišková Monika
Published: November 2023

This report is part of the EC-funded research project DEFEN-CE: Social Dialogue in Defence of Vulnerable Groups in Post-COVID-19 Labour Markets (VS/2021/0196). It scrutinizes how social partners influenced COVID-19-related policy responses towards vulnerable groups in the labour market, and whether this experience created opportunities for strengthening social dialogue in general. The empirical focus is on Czechia and Slovakia as representatives of embedded neoliberal countries. This means liberalizing labour market policies during their economic transition starting in the 1990s, but at the same time, anchoring some institutional mechanisms of policy-making, including social dialogue at the national level. The analysis is based on new empirical data in two dimensions: •primary data on policy measures relevant for the vulnerable groups in the labour market, categorized in a standard database of the most important COVID-19 measures relevant for vulnerable groups.•19 original semi-structured interviews with employer organizations, trade unions, governments, and NGOs in Czechia and Slovakia, implemented in 2022-2023.
The Gay Right: A Framework for Understanding Right Wing LGBT Organizations
Authors: Lockhart Jeffrey W
Published: November 2023

While there has been considerable interest in debates about right wing ideas in LGBT movements—military service, marriage, nationalism, white supremacy—there has been comparatively little attention to self-proclaimed right wing LGBT organizations, what I call the “gay right.” Social theory to date offers a fragmented set of theoretical tools to explain them, including homonationalism, post-gay identity, additive intersectionality, and systems justification theory. I propose a two axis framework to unify these theories and map wide ranging diversity within the gay right. This framework is based on both a review of existing theories, and also analysis of 38 gay right organizations in 14 countries. I illustrate the framework with an extended analysis of three gay-right organizations which share a context—the contemporary UK—but have very different politics.
Attitudes of Parents of Children With ADHD Towards Genetic Testing: Data From A Turkish Sample
Authors: Beyazıt Utku , Şirin Hande , Uzun Mehmet Erdem , Kuru Alev , yurdakul yeşim , Ayhan Aynur Bütün , Yılmaz Serkan
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to examine the opinions of parents with children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder about genetic tests. A total of 540 parents living in Turkey participated in the study face-to-face and online. A questionnaire form prepared by the researchers was used as the data collection instrument. Face-to-face data were collected in different institutions in the cities of İzmir, Bursa and Antalya, while online data were collected through Google Forms. The results indicated that parents' views on genetic tests differed according to the gender and age of the child, as well as the educational and income level of the parents (p< .05). In the analysis, it was determined that parents' knowledge and awareness levels about genetic tests were generally low, while parents who reported that they would consider having genetic tests had concerns about the storage of their DNA materials, family conflicts that could be caused by genetic tests, and the compatibility of genetic tests with their religious beliefs.
The First World War and SMO
Authors:   Military historian, expert on World War I, Kopylov Kirill Yu.
Published: November 2023

Some historical analogies have right to exist; others are not just wrong, they can lead to erroneous and even dangerous conclusions.
Only One Will Be Left
Authors:   Research Fellow, Department of European Political Studies, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN), Khorolskaya Marina V. , Kramnik Ilya A. ,   Research Fellow, Risk Assessment Group, Center for Strategic Planning Studies, Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN)
Published: November 2023

When the matter at issue is the balance between combat characteristics, cost, and possibility of high-volume production, more preferable appear to be tanks of the “Soviet school” that are relatively inexpensive and fit for roll-out output.
Observance of the UN Charter Principles in Their Entirety and Interdependence Is a Guarantee of Global Peace and Stability
Authors:   Russian Foreign Minister, Lavrov Sergei V.
Published: November 2023

If all members of the world community fulfill in practice their obligations as stated in the UN Charter, mankind will get a chance to overcome the disastrous vestige of the unipolar era.