bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Steel Defect Detection Algorithm Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Weidong , Chen Feng , Huang Hancheng , Li Dan , Cheng Wei
Published: March 2021

In recent years, more and more scholars devoted themselves to the research of the target detection algorithm due to the continuous development of deep learning. Among them, the detection and recognition of small and complex targets are still a problem to be solved. The authors of this article have understood the shortcomings of the deep learning detection algorithm in detecting small and complex defect targets and would like to share a new improved target detection algorithm in steel surface defect detection. The steel surface defects will affect the quality of steel seriously. We find that most of the current detection algorithms for NEU‐DET dataset detection accuracy are low, so we choose to verify a steel surface defect detection algorithm based on machine vision on this dataset for the problem of defect detection in steel production. A series of improvement measures are carried out in the traditional Faster R‐CNN algorithm, such as reconstructing the network structure of Faster R‐CNN. Based on the small features of the target, we train the network with multiscale fusion. For the complex features of the target, we replace part of the conventional convolution network with a deformable convolution network. The experimental results show that the deep learning network model trained by the proposed method has good detection performance, and the mean average precision is 0.752, which is 0.128 higher than the original algorithm. Among them, the average precision of crazing, inclusion, patches, pitted surface, rolled in scale and scratches is 0.501, 0.791, 0.792, 0.874, 0.649, and 0.905, respectively. The detection method is able to identify small target defects on the steel surface effectively, which can provide a reference for the automatic detection of steel defects.
Experimental Research on Bearing Characteristics of the Asphalt Pavement Containing Buried Pipeline
Authors: Xu Hailiang , Qin Jining , Ren Hehuan , Sun Jindou , He Lian
Published: March 2021

The bearing characteristics of the asphalt pavement structure are greatly influenced by buried pipelines. Improper treatment of buried pipelines would cause early damage to pavement structure. By the digital speckle correlation method (DSCM), the experimental research on bearing characteristics of the asphalt pavement containing buried pipe was carried out. The mechanical characteristics of the asphalt pavement structure are studied under four different pipeline burial conditions. The vertical displacement and strain values of each layer of the asphalt pavement structure are obtained under four operating conditions. The results showed that (1) the digital speckle observation test method can accurately obtain the displacement and strain values of each layer of asphalt pavement structure containing buried pipeline, and the application effect is good. Compared with the traditional contact strain measurement method, this method is simple and accurate and can provide effective analysis data for experimental research. (2) There exists an interlayer effect of the asphalt pavement structure. The vertical displacement value and the strain value are discontinuities and can suddenly change between two adjacent layers. At the same time, the vertical strain and the shear strain concentration phenomenon appear at the bottom of each layer, especially at the bottom of the upper layer and the subbase layer of asphalt. (3) Affected by the buried pipelines, the vertical displacement value of the asphalt pavement structure reduces, and the tensile and shear strain values of asphalt pavement structure increase. The subbase layer of asphalt is most affected by the buried pipelines, which accelerated the destruction of the asphalt pavement structure.
Experimental‐Numerical Study of Indexation of Scenic Road Vertical Alignment in China
Authors: Wang Ronghua , Liu Xingliang , Yuan Zhe
Published: March 2021

The vertical alignment design method of road in scenic spots does not evolve enough along the vehicle’s rapid variation. Values of the maximum longitudinal slope (MLS) and longest slope length (LSL) applicable to scenic roads used by the environmental‐friendly vehicle (EFV) are not provided. To compensate for this shortage, a multibody vehicle dynamic model in uphill traving is built, providing the static equilibrium state and dynamic balancing process of a typical vehicle. MLS and LSL values in scenic roads are obtained based on this model through numerical simulation, considering typical EFV, maximum velocity loss (MVL), and ideal velocity loss (IVL). Field experiments for verifying the results are also carried out in Huashan Mountain, Cuihua Mountain National Park, and Taiping Forest Park, using two EFV types. MLS and LSL values in scenic roads applicable to EFV obtained in this research vary from 7.8% to 10.2% and 200 to 955 m, respectively, and both are larger than the corresponding values in current criteria. According to verification results, relative errors of climbing velocity vary from 0.0104 to 0.0205, showing the dynamic model’s accuracy and further proving the practicality of MLS and LSL values obtained. The results obtained in this research lay a foundation for establishing the scenic‐road vertical alignment design method.
Analysis on Characteristics of Surrounding Rocks of Roadway and Bearing Structure Based on Stress Regulation
Authors: Zhang Ruofei , Zhao Guangming , Meng Xiangrui , Sun Jian , Xu Wensong , Li Yingming , Liu Zenghui , Kao Siming
Published: March 2021

To address the prominent status of great deformation and difficult maintenance of the roadway under high stresses, this study investigated the mechanical characteristics of surrounding rocks and bearing structural stability in a roadway under adjustment and redistribution of stresses through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and engineering field test. Stability forms of the bearing structure of roadway surrounding rocks were analyzed by using the axis‐changing theory from the perspectives of surrounding rock, mechanical properties of roadways, surrounding rock stress distribution, and mechanical mechanism of the bearing structure. It is suggested that the surrounding rock stress distribution state is improved and the bearing structure is optimized through unloading and reinforcement construction. A mechanical model of roadway excavation was constructed to analyze the influences of excavation spatial effect on the stress releasing and bearing structure of surrounding rocks. A rock postpeak strain softening and dilatation model was introduced to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the surrounding rock mass in the rupture residual zone and plastic softening zone in a roadway. Moreover, we analyzed the influences of unloading and reinforcement construction on the stress path and mechanical characteristics of the rock unit model, which disclosed the adjustment mechanism of the bearing structure of surrounding rocks by the failure development status of rocks. A numerical simulation on the distribution of surrounding rock stress fields and adjustment features of the bearing structure after roadway excavation and unloading and reinforcement construction was carried out by using the FLAC3D program. Results demonstrate that the unloading construction optimizes the axial ratio of spatial excavation in a roadway and the reinforcement zones on both sides are the supporting zones of the bearing structure. Moreover, the ratio between the distance from two side peaks to the roadway sides and the distance from the roof and floor peaks to the excavation space is equal to the coefficient of horizontal pressure. In other words, the final collapse failure mode of surrounding rock is that the long axis of the excavation unloading space points to the same direction with the maximum principal stress of the primary rock. Reinforcement forces the surrounding rocks to form a “Ω‐shaped” bearing structure, which is in favor of the long‐term maintenance of the roadway.
Effectiveness of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Management of Pain in Patients with Postpolio Syndrome
Authors: Chang Min Cheol , Park Jin-Sung , Hwang Jong-moon , Park Donghwi
Published: March 2021

Objective. Many patients with postpolio syndrome (PPS) experience pain. In this study, we aimed to review previous studies to investigate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for managing pain in patients with PPS. We performed a narrative review. Methods. In PubMed, we searched for the keywords ((Immunoglobulin OR IVIG) AND (poliomyelitis OR poliomyelitis syndrome)). We included articles in which IVIG was infused in patients with PPS and pain severity was measured before and after treatment. Results. In the results, five articles (4 randomized controlled trials and 1 prospective observational study) were included in this review. Four of the studies reported that IVIG had a positive pain-reducing effect in patients with PPS. In addition, 4 studies evaluated the outcomes related to muscle strength and function. Of these studies, 3 showed some improvement in measurements for muscle strength and function. Conclusion. In conclusion, IVIG might be one of the beneficial options for managing pain in PPS. Pain reduction might be responsible for the improvement of muscle strength or function. To confirm the benefits of IVIG in reducing pain, more high-quality studies are required.
Application Research of Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave Displacement Sensor Based on Zero-Crossing Phase Detecting Algorithm
Authors: Sun Bin , Song Junfang , Zheng Gang , Zhang Xiongxing
Published: March 2021

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interference, as a new technology of laser interferometry, has the advantages of length traceability, large range, high accuracy, simple structure, and optical fiber transmission. Based on the formula of FMCW laser interference displacement, a zero-crossing phase detection algorithm is proposed, which can accurately calculate the initial phase of a cosine signal in a modulation period, and it is successfully applied to the contact laser interference displacement sensor. The experimental results show that the FMCW technology based on the zero-crossing phase detection algorithm can achieve the technical specifications of the contact displacement sensor with a measurement range greater than 15 mm and the standard deviation is less than 0.01 μm. The conversion of noncontact measurement to contact measurement can realize the direct measurement of workpieces with complex surface conditions on the production line, breaking through the limitation of optical measurement and expanding the application of optical fiber interferometry.
Production of Attieke by the Technique of Drying of Cassava Ferment
Authors: Bouatenin Koffi Maïzan Jean-Paul , Kouame Kohi Alfred , Djeni N’dédé Theodore , Koffi N’guessan Ghislain , Dje Koffi Marcellin
Published: March 2021

The long-term availability of cassava ferment and the production of attieke of healthy and consistent quality are becoming serious problems in Côte d’Ivoire. The overall objective of this work was to assess the effect of several drying techniques on the performance of the traditional cassava ferment with a view to establishing a stabilized ferment for the production of attieke in Côte d’Ivoire. To do this, three drying techniques were used, namely, oven drying, sun drying, and freeze-drying. The end of the drying process is marked by the stabilization of the humidity rate of the ferment. The results obtained during the drying process indicate that the sun-dried ferment contains more GAM (1.2 ± 0.2) × 108 CFU/g than the other dried ferments. The freeze-dried ferment has the highest load of lactic acid bacteria (3 ± 0.2) × 105 CFU/g, while Bacillus was observed in large numbers in the ferment dried at 45°C (7.1 ± 0.6) × 105 CFU/g. The 37°C dried and freeze-dried cassava ferments recorded high yeast loads of (7.6 ± 0.5) × 104 CFU/g and (7 ± 0.4) × 104 CFU/g, respectively. Moulds ((5 ± 0.2) 1 × 102 CFU/g) were only detected in the 37°C dried culture. Moreover, during the fermentation of the cassava dough with the different ferments obtained after drying, a significant acidification occurs in the dough inoculated with the freeze-dried ferment (2.9 ± 0.07%). However, the attieke produced with the freeze-dried ferment and the ferment dried at 37°C was the most appreciated by the panelists. Thus, freeze-drying and oven drying at 37°C are simple alternatives to the use of traditional ferments that can ensure their stability and the conservation of the cassava ferment over a long period of time.
Recent Developed Strategies for Enhancing Chondrogenic Differentiation of MSC: Impact on MSC-Based Therapy for Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Zha Kangkang , Sun Zhiqiang , Yang Yu , Chen Mingxue , Gao Cangjiang , Fu Liwei , Li Hao , Sui Xiang , Guo Quanyi , Liu Shuyun
Published: March 2021

Articular cartilage is susceptible to damage, but its self-repair is hindered by its avascular nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to achieve satisfactory repair effects, and the development of tissue engineering techniques has shed new light on cartilage regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most commonly used seed cells in cartilage tissue engineering. However, MSCs tend to lose their multipotency, and the composition and structure of cartilage-like tissues formed by MSCs are far from those of native cartilage. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop strategies that promote MSC chondrogenic differentiation to give rise to durable and phenotypically correct regenerated cartilage. This review provides an overview of recent advances in enhancement strategies for MSC chondrogenic differentiation, including optimization of bioactive factors, culture conditions, cell type selection, coculture, gene editing, scaffolds, and physical stimulation. This review will aid the further understanding of the MSC chondrogenic differentiation process and enable improvement of MSC-based cartilage tissue engineering.
Machine Learning of Bone Marrow Histopathology Identifies Genetic and Clinical Determinants in Patients with MDS
Authors: Brück Oscar E. , Lallukka-Brück Susanna E. , Hohtari Helena R. , Ianevski Aleksandr , Ebeling Freja T. , Kovanen Panu E. , Kytölä Soili I. , Aittokallio Tero A. , Ramos Pedro M. , Porkka Kimmo V. , Mustjoki Satu M.
Published: March 2021

In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), bone marrow (BM) histopathology is assessed to identify dysplastic cellular morphology, cellularity, and blast excess. Yet, other morphologic findings may elude the human eye. We used convolutional neural networks to extract morphologic features from 236 MDS, 87 MDS/MPN, and 11 control BM biopsies. These features predicted genetic and cytogenetic aberrations, prognosis, age, and gender in multivariate regression models. Highest prediction accuracy was found for TET2 [area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) = 0.94] and spliceosome mutations (0.89) and chromosome 7 monosomy (0.89). Mutation prediction probability correlated with variant allele frequency and number of affected genes per pathway, demonstrating the algorithms' ability to identify relevant morphologic patterns. By converting regression models to texture and cellular composition, we reproduced the classical del(5q) MDS morphology consisting of hypolobulated megakaryocytes. In summary, this study highlights the potential of linking deep BM histopathology with genetics and clinical variables.

Significance:

Histopathology is elementary in the diagnostics of patients with MDS, but its high-dimensional data are underused. By elucidating the association of morphologic features with clinical variables and molecular genetics, this study highlights the vast potential of convolutional neural networks in understanding MDS pathology and how genetics is reflected in BM morphology.

See related commentary by Elemento, p. 195.
Toward Artificial Intelligence–Driven Pathology Assessment for Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Elemento Olivier
Published: March 2021

In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Brück and colleagues applied unsupervised and supervised machine learning to bone marrow histopathology images from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Their study provides new insights into the pathobiology of MDS and paves the way for increased use of artificial intelligence for the assessment and diagnosis of hematologic malignancies.

See related article by Brück et al., p. 238.
Herculano Interativa – Ciberarqueologia e Educação no desenvolvimento do jogo O Último Banquete em Herculano
Authors: Gregori Alessandro Mortaio , Fleming Maria Isabel D ’Agostino , Martire Alex da Silva
Published: March 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o processo de desenvolvimento do primeiro jogo eletrônico produzido pelo Laboratório de Arqueologia Romana Provincial (LARP-MAE-USP) denominado “O Último Banquete em Herculano”. Em um primeiro momento, serão discutidos os aspectos técnicos da produção, elencando os processos de coleta de material, escrita de roteiro, modelagem 3D e programação. Após, será pormenorizado o aspecto do jogo aplicado à Educação, calcado na elaboração de um Guia Didático para Professores com roteiros de aulas e usos do jogo em salas de aula.
Aprender e ensinar, algumas reflexões sobre arqueologias indígenas
Authors: Jácome Camila Pereira
Published: March 2021

A Arqueologia indígena está muito mais para ser lida e praticada no plural do que no singular, tanto no que tange as suas práticas e sujeitos, como no seu desenrolar teórico. Nesta apresentação farei algumas reflexões sobre a pluralidade deste termo a partir de duas experiências de pesquisa própria. A primeira, de uma pesquisa que realizei, no âmbito do mestrado e doutorado, na região do Rio Trombetas (PA); território tradicional de muitos povos, incluindo os Wai Wai. E a segunda, a partir da minha prática com professora de estudantes indígenas da arqueologia e antropologia na Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA).
Art, Science and Anthropology: Co-Creating Knowledge and Building Peace in Colombia
Authors: Valencia-Tobon Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Following a peace agreement with guerrillas in November 2016, Colombia has been transitioning from almost six decades of violence to a post-conflict period. In such a process, members of society must reestablish dialogue and learn to coexist. Based on a participatory art approach used during a science project that involved ex-combatants, community leaders and biology researchers, this paper presents research methods that combine art and design exercises to advance scientific knowledge. Participants contributed to and developed new ways of understanding biological knowledge. Their collaboration also forged mutual trust and progress toward peace in the region.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Linycus Cameron, 1903 from Japan
Authors: KIKUCHI NAMIKI , KONISHI KAZUHIKO
Published: March 2021

The Japanese species of the genus Linycus Cameron are examined with two species recognized. A Holarctic species, L. exhortator (Fabricius) is newly collected from Japan [Hokkaido, Honshû, Shikoku, Kyûshû], and a new species, L. kyoheii sp. nov., is described from Yamanshi Pref., Honshû. The two Japanese species can be distinguished by a white spot on scutellum (present in L. kyoheii vs. absent in L. exhorator), and sculpture of area between gastrocoeli (weakly rugose-punctate in L. kyoheii vs. clearly rugose in L. exhortator). We also compared the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1) of Japanese L. exhortator with European L. exhortator. The p-distances between Japanese and European subspecies exhortator were about 2%, whereas between Japanese and Nearctic ssp. thoracius (Cresson) were about 5%. Here we provisionally treat Japanese L. exhorator as nominotypical subspecies. The intra-specific DNA barcode divergence and allopatric color variations are discussed.
CAFE60v1: A 60-year large ensemble climate reanalysis. Part II: Evaluation
Authors: O’Kane Terence J. , Sandery Paul A. , Kitsios Vassili , Sakov Pavel , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Squire Dougal T. , Collier Mark A. , Chapman Christopher C. , Fiedler Russell , Harries Dylan , Moore Thomas S. , Richardson Doug , Risbey James S. , Schroeter Benjamin J. E. , Schroeter Serena , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Tozer Carly , Watterson Ian G. , Black Amanda , Quinn Courtney , Matear Richard J.
Published: March 2021

The CSIRO Climate retrospective Analysis and Forecast Ensemble system: version 1 (CAFE60v1) provides a large (96 member) ensemble retrospective analysis of the global climate system from 1960 to present with sufficiently many realizations and at spatio-temporal resolutions suitable to enable probabilistic climate studies. Using a variant of the ensemble Kalman filter, 96 climate state estimates are generated over the most recent six decades. These state estimates are constrained by monthly mean ocean, atmosphere and sea ice observations such that their trajectories track the observed state while enabling estimation of the uncertainties in the approximations to the retrospective mean climate over recent decades. For the atmosphere, we evaluate CAFE60v1 in comparison to empirical indices of the major climate teleconnections and blocking with various reanalysis products. Estimates of the large scale ocean structure, transports and biogeochemistry are compared to those derived from gridded observational products and climate model projections (CMIP). Sea ice (extent, concentration and variability) and land surface (precipitation and surface air temperatures) are also compared to a variety of model and observational products. Our results show that CAFE60v1 is a useful, comprehensive and unique data resource for studying internal climate variability and predictability, including the recent climate response to anthropogenic forcing on multi-year to decadal time scales.
Mechanisms of Low-Frequency Variability in North Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport and AMOC
Authors: Oldenburg Dylan , Wills Robert C. J. , Armour Kyle C. , Thompson LuAnne , Jackson Laura C.
Published: March 2021

Ocean heat transport (OHT) plays a key role in climate and its variability. Here, we identify modes of low-frequency North Atlantic OHT variability by applying a low-frequency component analysis (LFCA) to output from three global climate models. The first low-frequency component (LFC), computed using this method, is an index of OHT variability that maximizes the ratio of low-frequency variance (occurring at decadal and longer timescales) to total variance. Lead-lag regressions of atmospheric and ocean variables onto the LFC timeseries illuminate the dominant mechanisms controlling low-frequency OHT variability. Anomalous northwesterly winds from eastern North America over the North Atlantic act to increase upper ocean density in the Labrador Sea region, enhancing deep convection, which later increases OHT via changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The strengthened AMOC carries warm, salty water into the subpolar gyre, reducing deep convection and weakening AMOC and OHT. This mechanism, where changes in AMOC and OHT are driven primarily by changes in Labrador Sea deep convection, holds not only in models where the climatological (i.e., time-mean) deep convection is concentrated in the Labrador Sea, but also in models where the climatological deep convection is concentrated in the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian (GIN) Seas or the Irminger and Iceland Basins. These results suggest that despite recent observational evidence suggesting that the Labrador Sea plays a minor role in driving the climatological AMOC, the Labrador Sea may still play an important role in driving low-frequency variability in AMOC and OHT.
CAFE60v1: A 60-year large ensemble climate reanalysis. Part I: System design, model configuration and data assimilation.
Authors: O’Kane Terence J. , Sandery Paul A. , Kitsios Vassili , Sakov Pavel , Chamberlain Matthew A. , Collier Mark A. , Fiedler Russell , Moore Thomas S. , Chapman Christopher C. , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Matear Richard J.
Published: March 2021

We detail the system design, model configuration and data assimilation evaluation for the CSIRO Climate retrospective Analysis and Forecast Ensemble system: version 1. CAFE60v1 has been designed with the intention of simultaneously generating both initial conditions for multi-year climate forecasts and a large ensemble retrospective analysis of the global climate system from 1960 to present. Strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA) is implemented via an ensemble transform Kalman filter in order to constrain a general circulation climate model to observations. Satellite (altimetry, sea surface temperature, sea ice concentration) and in-situ ocean temperature and salinity profiles are directly assimilated each month, whereas atmospheric observations are sub-sampled from the JRA-55 atmospheric reanalysis. Strong coupling is implemented via explicit cross domain covariances between ocean, atmosphere, sea ice and ocean biogeochemistry. Atmospheric and surface ocean fields are available at daily resolution and monthly resolution for the land, subsurface ocean and sea ice. The system produces 96 climate trajectories (state estimates) over the most recent six decades as well as a complete data archive of initial conditions potentially enabling individual forecasts for all members each month over the 60 year period. The size of the ensemble and application of strongly coupled data assimilation lead to new insights for future reanalyses.
Migration of Medical Professionals: The Case of Psychiatric Trainees in Spain
Authors: Molina-Ruiz Rosa M. , Gomez-Sánchez-Lafuente Carlos , Pereira-Sanchez Victor , Pinto da Costa Mariana
Published: March 2021

The social and economic situation in Europe seems to play a role in the migratory flow of doctors and other health professionals within the continent. However, little is known about the particular reality of workforce migration in Spain. The objective of this study was to explore the factors that motivate migration among junior doctors training in psychiatry in Spain. A semistructured questionnaire of 61 items was circulated to psychiatric trainees in Spain to explore the extent and the factors that influence the decisions regarding workforce migration. A total of 95 psychiatric trainees participated in the survey. More than two-thirds (n = 71, 74.7%) had “ever” considered migrating to another country, and more than one-fourth (n = 21, 29.5%) had already taken “practical steps” to go abroad. The main reasons to consider leaving the country were financial (n = 82, 86%) and the opportunity to progress professionally (n = 82, 84%). However, nearly half of the trainees (n = 47, 49%) were satisfied with their current income. While the majority of the psychiatric trainees in this survey had considered migrating abroad, these potential future migrations could lead to a loss of human capital with an important sociosanitary impact.
Can Encroachment Benefit Hotel Franchisees?
Authors: Kim TI Tongil , Jap Sandy D.
Published: March 2021

Franchise encroachment, or the addition of an outlet in the vicinity of existing franchisees, is largely viewed as resulting in revenue cannibalization of incumbent locations. Against this backdrop, the authors consider the possibility that the addition of same brand outlets can, in fact, also create positive effects via customer utility and ultimately benefit franchisees, due to a range of mechanisms such as quality signaling, learning, or brand awareness, resulting in a positive pathway on franchisee performance. The authors unpack this possibility using an experiment and detailed proprietary and publicly available data sets from the hotel industry over a five-year period. Their results show evidence of positive effects on customer utility for same-brand outlets and stronger effects for newer brands, cross brands, and online travel agency channel bookings. Counterfactual simulations indicate that although encroachment hurts franchisees on average, it can modestly benefit same-brand franchisees in low-brand-density markets. Together, the findings illustrate the potential “sunny side” of encroachment, underscoring the need to update our view of encroachment as context-dependent. The novel emphasis on customers versus the dominant firm view suggests customer and incumbent responses to encroachment should be accounted for in the development of franchise strategy and public policy decisions.
A retrospective study of treatment of genu valgum/varum with guided growth: Risk factors for a lower rate of angular correction
Authors: Ding Jing , Dai Zhen-Zhen , Li Chang-You , Zhang Zhi-Qiang , Wu Zhen-Kai , Cai Qi-Xun
Published: March 2021

The rate of angular correction (ROAC) is very unpredictable and may be affected by various factors in the treatment of genu valgum and varum by means of guided growth. The purpose of this study was to assess the ROAC in cases from our institution and to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of lower ROAC.

We retrospectively reviewed the chart records of 68 patients undergoing guided growth with figure-eight plate for the correction of genu valgum and varum. Based on the data from these patients, the annual increment of physeal growth was calculated and compared with data from the Anderson chart. The associations between patient characteristics and ROAC were evaluated with the use of univariate logistic regression.

The mean rate of femoral angular correction was 10.29 degrees/year, while the mean rate of tibial angular correction was 7.92 degrees/year. In a univariate logistic regression analysis, the variables associated with a higher risk of lower ROAC included non-idiopathic coronal deformity of the knee (odds ratio = 13.58, p < 0.001) and body weight at or above the 95th percentile for children (odds ratio = 2.69, p = 0.020).

Obesity and non-idiopathic coronal deformity of the knee are risk factors for lower ROAC. It is still uncertain whether severity of deformity, race, and operative procedure have a substantial effect on the rate of correction.

Level III evidence.
Can Art Embody Truth? Ethics, Aesthetics and Gandhi
Authors: Clammer John
Published: March 2021

The philosophical question of whether moral standards apply in art and the practical one of whether the arts can be vehicles of positive social transformation run through a great deal of social theory. In this article, these issues are discussed through an examination of Mahatma Gandhi’s approach to art and in particular his views on music and visual arts as they formed part of his personal world view and his socio-political programme. The article contextualises this in relation to Gandhi’s over-arching concern with the pursuit of truth and its theistic basis, his relationship to certain aspects of classical Indian philosophy and in particular the status of rasa among the four traditional purusharthas, and his relationship with Rabindranath Tagore and the artists at Kala Bhavan in Santiniketan, in particular Nandalal Bose. The article suggests that Gandhi was far from uninterested in aesthetic matters, but that the key to his thought lies in his holistic approach to both philosophy and lifestyle where the arts play an important role when integrated with ethical and religious demands.
Remifentanil provides an increased proportion of time under light sedation than fentanyl when combined with dexmedetomidine for mechanical ventilation
Authors: Aoki Yoshitaka , Niwa Takuya , Shiko Yuki , Kawasaki Yohei , Mimuro Soichiro , Doi Matsuyuki , Nakajima Yoshiki
Published: March 2021

Objective

To compare the effects of remifentanil versus fentanyl during light sedation with dexmedetomidine in adults receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) in the intensive care unit.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the use of remifentanil versus fentanyl in adults receiving MV with dexmedetomidine sedation. The primary outcome was the proportion of time under light sedation (Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale score between −1 and 0) during MV.

Results

We included 94 patients and classified 58 into the remifentanil group and 36 into the fentanyl group. The mean proportion of time under light sedation during MV was 66.6% ± 18.5% in the remifentanil group and 39.9% ± 27.3% in the fentanyl group. In the multivariate analysis with control for confounding factors, patients in the remifentanil group showed a significantly higher proportion of time under light sedation than patients in the fentanyl group (mean difference: 24.3 percentage points; 95% confidence interval: 12.9–35.8).

Conclusions

Remifentanil use might increase the proportion of time under light sedation in patients receiving MV compared with fentanyl administration.
Granulosa cell ovarian cancer with synchronous multiple bone metastases: case report of extreme rarity
Authors: Laios Alexandros , Tan Yong Sheng , Pathak Darshana , Weston Michael , Anderson Juliette , Munot Sarika , Nugent David , Theophilou George
Published: March 2021

Background:

Adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) of the ovary generally has a good prognosis. Recurrences tend to be late and confined to the abdominopelvis. Bone metastases are extremely rare. We report an extremely rare case of AGCT with synchronous multiple bone metastases and discuss diagnostic procedures and management.

Case description:

A 35-year-old woman presented with abdominal bloating. On the day of surgery, acting on the complaint of right shoulder pain, an X-ray revealed a permeative lesion involving the neck of humerus, suggestive of a metastatic pathologic fracture. The patient underwent a full staging debulking surgery. Further imaging demonstrated multiple bone metastases. Histology confirmed an AGCT of the ovary. Diagnosis was established by a core bone biopsy from the left femur showing cells consistent with those seen with granulosa cell tumor. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with concurrent zoledronic acid as targeted therapy for her bone metastases. Endocrine systemic maintenance treatment was given. The patient rapidly deteriorated and died from her disease at 20 months from the initial diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Unpredictable biological behavior and clinical manifestations raise a high degree of suspicion for accurate AGCT diagnosis. Management of bone metastases often warrants input from the multidisciplinary team, and treatment may involve chemotherapy, palliative radiotherapy, or orthopaedic interventions.
Covid-19 and the marginalisation of indigenous groups in Argentina
Authors: Haas Benjamin , Mönch Tobias , Cervi Lara
Published: March 2021

This article analyses how the Covid-19 pandemic has reinforced the stigmatisation and economic, social and cultural exclusion of indigenous groups in Argentina. Using the example of Qom/Toba in the northern province of Chaco and its capital Resistencia, the authors argue that the control of the pandemic regarding ‘space’ and ‘movement’ has considerably intensified practices of spatialised marginalisation of indigenous (non-white) persons, triggering also new strategies of self-empowerment and resistance. It shows how the ‘governance of Covid-19’ contributes to the perpetuation of power structures within the affective and geographical project of a ‘White Argentina’.
Equity-Oriented Criteria for Project Prioritization in Regional Transportation Planning
Authors: Krapp Agustina , Barajas Jesus M. , Wennink Audrey
Published: March 2021

Transportation inequities, the consequences of decades of auto-oriented planning alongside discriminatory land-use and transportation planning and policy decisions resulting from structural racism, severely limit opportunities for people of color and other marginalized populations. While a growing body of work has examined inequities with respect to long-range transportation planning, less research examines how equity is incorporated in short-term planning processes via the Transportation Improvement Program. This research reviewed how the metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) that serve the 40 largest U.S. urbanized areas used equity-based criteria for transportation project prioritization in regional planning. Just over half deployed at least one equity criterion for allocating transportation funds, which fell into one of six categories with varying degrees of complexity and potential for impact. While most MPOs included equity in their prioritization criteria, the methods could be improved to align better with more complete definitions of transportation equity, focusing on how targeted groups are defined, more comprehensive methods for equity evaluation, and an increase in the weight that equity is given in prioritization. MPOs and other agencies implementing transportation projects should adopt a justice-oriented framework for project prioritization that ensures that projects first affirmatively remedy historical inequities and work with affected communities to adopt appropriate and meaningful solutions.
Development of Cost-Effective Restriping Strategies using Standard Width and Wide Waterborne Paints on Asphalt Pavements in Hot and Humid Climates
Authors: Mousa Momen R. , Hassan Marwa , Carlson Paul , Davis Jason , Mousa Saleh R.
Published: March 2021

In Louisiana, most districts restripe their roadways using waterborne paints every other year; this strategy is questionable in relation to efficiency and economy. Previous studies show substantial variability in paint service life throughout the U.S.A., ranging between 0.25 and 6.2 years. Shortcomings in modeling the retroreflectivity of waterborne paints appear to significantly contribute to these variations as several studies predicted these values using degradation curves with a coefficient of determination (R2) as low as 0.1. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop new cost-effective restriping strategies using 4 in. and 6 in. wide waterborne paints (15 and 25 mils thickness) when applied on asphalt pavements in hot and humid climates. To achieve this objective, National Transportation Product Evaluation Program data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the field performance of waterborne paints commonly used in southern states of the U.S.A. and to develop a decision making model that may be used by transportation agencies to predict when to restripe their roadways. Results indicated that 4 in. wide standard paints exhibited service life up to four years depending on the line color, traffic and initial retroreflectivity, while 4 in. wide high build paints had a service life of at least three years. Based on a life-cycle cost analysis, it was concluded that Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development could restripe its district roads every three years instead of the current two-year period using the same product (4 in. or 6 in. wide) saving about $20 million or $2 million, respectively, every year when restriping a 5,000-mi network.
Association between hyperlipidemia and prostatic enlargement: A case-control study
Authors: Erbay Güven , Ceyhun Gökhan
Published: March 2021

Objective:

A high-fat diet is associated with the development of benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), but whether hyperlipidemia is associated with BPE remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for the development of BPE.

Material and methods:

This study included 265 BPE patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and 248 age-matched healthy individuals without LUTS. The patient and control groups included in the study were compared in terms of fasting serum glucose, serum lipid values, prostate specific antigen (PSA), and prostate size measured by abdominal ultrasonography.

Results:

The prostate sizes of the patient and healthy control group were 59.4 ± 12.6 and 41.8 ± 11.1 ml, respectively ( p = 0.007). It was observed that the mean PSA value of the patient group (2.33 ± 1.69) was statistically higher than that of the control group (1.21 ± 1.05) ( p = 0.002). Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher and HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower among the patients compared to the controls. Prostate size had a negative correlation with HDL-cholesterol and a positive correlation with LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. Additionally, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol were independent risk factors for prostate enlargement.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that increased levels of LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol are significantly associated with the enlargement of the prostate. Hyperlipidemia may be one of the risk factors in the processes of prostatic growth and progression.
The psychotherapy group, inmigrant’s camp
Authors: Sunyer José Miguel
Published: March 2021

I propose to see the various psychotherapeutic and care spaces as immigrant camps. Each patient must emigrate, even for a few hours, from their home and family (his country) to another area in which he meets others whom he must attempt to understand. Together, they have to develop their own culture, that of the psychotherapy group, in which to develop new ways of speaking, of understanding their reality and those of others. The culture that is created there, the matrix, will be the one that will allow them to change their points of view and return to their ‘country’, their family, with new learning and other ways of relating.
Review on the photonic techniques suitable for automatic monitoring of the composition of multi-materials wastes in view of their posterior recycling
Authors: Araujo-Andrade Cuauhtémoc , Bugnicourt Elodie , Philippet Laurent , Rodriguez-Turienzo Laura , Nettleton David , Hoffmann Luis , Schlummer Martin
Published: March 2021

In the increasingly pressing context of improving recycling, optical technologies present a broad potential to support the adequate sorting of plastics. Nevertheless, the commercially available solutions (for example, employing near-infrared spectroscopy) generally focus on identifying mono-materials of a few selected types which currently have a market-interest as secondary materials. Current progress in photonic sciences together with advanced data analysis, such as artificial intelligence, enable bridging practical challenges previously not feasible, for example in terms of classifying more complex materials. In the present paper, the different techniques are initially reviewed based on their main characteristics. Then, based on academic literature, their suitability for monitoring the composition of multi-materials, such as different types of multi-layered packaging and fibre-reinforced polymer composites as well as black plastics used in the motor vehicle industry, is discussed. Finally, some commercial systems with applications in those sectors are also presented. This review mainly focuses on the materials identification step (taking place after waste collection and before sorting and reprocessing) but in outlook, further insights on sorting are given as well as future prospects which can contribute to increasing the circularity of the plastic composites’ value chains.
Violence, non-violence and the conditional effect of repression on subsequent dissident mobilization
Authors: Chiang Amy Yunyu
Published: March 2021

This article examines the conditional effect that repression has on non-violent vs. violent mass mobilization. While governments often resort to violence to deter future mobilization, studies of the repression–dissent nexus have produced divergent evidence with regard to the effect of repression. Many argue that repression tends to backfire, while others demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing mobilization. I argue that the effect of repression varies by differing opposition tactics. I test two competing propositions regarding the effect of repression using event data from the Non-violent and Violent Campaigns and Outcomes dataset (NAVCO 3.0) from 1990 to 2012. The results show that repression, specifically physical repression, of non-violent opposition reduces participation size. Non-physical repression, on the other hand, has less of a deterrence effect on non-violent dissident mobilization.
Mon expérience de Rédacteur en chef de Recherche et Applications en Marketing : mémoire d’un pionnier
Authors: Jallais Joël
Published: March 2021

Mon expérience comme Rédacteur en chef de la revue RAM est celle d’un pionnier avec des enjeux et contraintes spécifiques des années 1987–1990, dans l’édition scientifique :

1) alimenter en articles de recherche de qualité une toute nouvelle revue francophone auprès d’une communauté d’enseignants universitaires, pas encore rompue à cette activité ;

2) relever le défi de faire fonctionner selon des standards internationaux une revue reposant sur seul bénévolat, dans le contexte technique de cette époque.
The Fear of COVID-19 Infection in Older People
Authors: Gokseven Yagmur , Ozturk Guzin Zeren , Karadeniz Ecem , Sarı Ecem , Tas Beray Gelmez , Ozdemir Hacı Mustafa
Published: March 2021

Objective:

To determine the levels of COVID-19-related fear and to investigate fear-associated factors among older people.

Methods:

This study was conducted with patients aged 65 years and older from the Family Medicine Clinic of Health Sciences University Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Hospital over a 1-month period. A telephone survey was administered to evaluate patients’ sociodemographic data and knowledge level on the COVID-19 pandemic and the degree of its impact. The fear levels of participants were determined using the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19 S). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0. A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

The study included 315 participants: 178 were female and 137 were male. The mean age was 71.5 ± 5.6 (min: 65, max: 94) years, and 26 participants were living alone. Moreover, 47.6% participants considered they had sufficient information about the COVID-19 outbreak, and 61.6% received information about the pandemic from television and 22.2% from their inner circle. While 11.7% participants considered they would require psychological support after the COVID-19 pandemic, 30.8% had sleep disorders for the last month. The mean FCV-19 S score was 16.0 ± 6.4; the FCV-19 S scores were statistically higher in participants who were women, living alone, had partial information about the COVID-19 pandemic, had sleep disorders for the last month, and were in requirement of psychological support after the pandemic.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to screen the older people for the COVID-19-related fear and accompanying psychological disorders and to develop appropriate intervention programs for individuals at risk.
Psychopathology in Elderly COVID-19 Survivors and Controls
Authors: Mowla Arash , Ghaedsharaf Mehrnoosh , Pani Azadeh
Published: March 2021

Background:

The highly infectious and pathogenic coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has emerged to cause a global pandemic. In this cross-sectional comparative study, our objective is to compare the depression and anxiety symptoms in elderly COVID-19 survivors with a control group.

Method:

69 elderly COVID-19 survivors (age 65 or older) within 2 weeks post-discharge were assessed for anxiety and depression symptoms by a package of self-rating scales (Geriatric Anxiety Scale-10 (GAS-10), Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) and General Health Questionar-28 (GHQ-28)). Their scores were compared with a group of aged-matched residents without COVID-19 in their community.

Results:

The mean scores on GAS-10, GDS-15 and GHQ-28 in the COVID-19 survivors group and control group were 12.06 vs. 6.53 (p < .001), 12.48 vs. 5.73 (p < .001), 52.7 vs. 29.8 (p < .001), respectively. All of the COVID-19 survivors and 60% of the controls had scores in the pathological range of GHQ-28 scale. A total of 93.2% of COVID-19 survivors revealed anxiety symptoms in GAS-10 scale. This rate was 60% in the control group. A total of 86.6% of COVID-19 survivors compared to 46.6% of the controls reported symptoms of depression in GDS-15 scale.

Conclusion:

The rate of depression and anxiety symptoms in elderly COVID-19 survivors and controls found to be high during the pandemic. However, COVID-19 survivors significantly suffered more.