bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Anus and Anal Canal: An Analysis of 55 Cases
Authors: Gabriel W. B.
Published: July 2019

The analysis is of 55 cases admitted into St. Mark's Hospital from 1922 to 1940.

The incidence was 3.35% of all cases of cancer of the rectum, anal canal and anus admitted during this period.

Sex distribution—27 males and 28 females.

The average age (61.7 years) is higher than that of columnar-cell carcinoma of the rectum (57.4 years).

Histology.—The cases have been graded into three grades of malignancy—low grade, medium grade, and high grade.

Low grade squamous carcinoma is twice as frequent in men as in women, and generally originates at the anal margin.

Medium grade squamous carcinoma is equally distributed between men and women; it may arise at the anus or in the anal canal.

High grade squamous carcinoma is much more common in the female sex and is almost entirely limited to the anal canal.

Quadrant affected—about one-third of the anal margin growths and one-half of the anal canal growths were situated anteriorly.

Differential diagnosis from simple papilloma, simple ulcer, chronic inflammation, tuberculous ulcer, tuberculide, primary chancre, amœbic ulcer, basal-cell carcinoma, columnar-cell carcinoma.

Biopsy and grading essential before treatment is decided upon.

The results of treatment in the three grades of malignancy are described. The best results were obtained in the early low-grade cases treated by interstitial radium needling. In the medium and high grades only three five-year survivals can be reported and these followed excision of the rectum. The management of the inguinal glands is discussed and the importance of a very close post-operative supervision emphasized.

Squamous carcinoma of the anal canal may cause lymphatic metastases in the superior hæmorrhoidal glands; there have been four such cases in this series. Diathermy perineal excision is indicated in these cases.
The Art of Otology
Authors: Collier Josephine
Published: July 2019

Management of chronic ear infections dependent on recognition of the differences (pathological and clinical) between tympano-tubal lesions and attico-antral disease. Chronic suppurative otitis media as a reason for rejection for military service. Statistics obtained from the Ministry of Labour and National Service. Relative incidence of tympanic and attico-antral disease in a series of 500 hospital patients at the present time. Resistant chronic tympanic disease still a problem. Relation to acute suppurative otitis media. Recurrent and relapsing attacks of acute otitis media. Does early chemotherapy interfere with development of immunity?

Problems presented by acute otitis media likely to be elucidated by the general practitioner rather than by the otologist. The general practitioner's opportunities for research in this clinical problem. Incidence of ear diseases in average general practice.

Training of medical students in diseases of the ear, nose and throat. Methods of instruction followed in the teaching schools of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and attitude of the Examining Bodies to this subject. The contribution of otologists to the education of doctors.

Some observations on facial paralysis. Importance of prognosis. Different criteria in early and late stages of paralysis. Reasons for abandoning the faradic-galvanic tests in the management of facial paralysis. Use of constant current square pulse stimulators in early days of facial paralysis. Electromyography of value in later stages.

Present-day difficulties in acquiring skill for facial nerve surgery. Importance of the stylomastoid artery. Recent investigations on the blood supply of the facial nerve: Gross vascular pattern and the interfascicular plexus. Further work necessary to relate these anatomical facts to the condition of Bell's palsy.
Combinations of Drugs in the Treatment of Acute Leukæmias
Authors: Zubrod C Gordon
Published: July 2019

In the United States, the Acute Leukemia Task Force has been studying ways to achieve chemical control over the acute leukemias. It was found that L1210 mouse leukemia is an excellent predictive model for childhood acute leukemia. Examination of the kinetics of cell generation led to the conclusions that a single cell could multiply to a lethal number of cells in a relatively short time, and that therapy must destroy every cell. Extension of these hypotheses to childhood leukemia has permitted estimates of generation time of human leukemic cells; the size of the leukemic cell population at clinical relapse and the fractional destruction of cells by individual drugs. By the use of combinations of antileukemic drugs complete cell destruction has been approached in a few patients with early leukemia.
General Practice Abroad [Abridged]
Authors: Reynolds R H
Published: July 2019

Dr R H Reynolds discusses North American efforts at undergraduate preparation for family practice, as illustrated by: student attachment schemes, teaching of behavioural sciences, family care programmes, departments of general practice and comprehensive medical clinics.

Dr H J Wright reviews the dichotomy of hospital and general practitioner services and goes on to consider the advantages of integration and the methods by which this may be accomplished. In particular he stresses the importance of general practitioner hospital appointments and access to diagnostic facilities.

Dr F H Staines describes health services in Israel, New Zealand and Australia and draws lessons from them which could be used to improve the NHS service in this country.
“Honey, I Want to Be a Surrogate”: How Military Spouses Negotiate and Navigate Surrogacy With Their Service Member Husbands
Authors: Ziff Elizabeth
Published: July 2019

This article examines how military spouses negotiate the decision to become a surrogate with their service member husband and how the two navigate surrogacy together. It is speculated that military spouses are ideal candidates for surrogacy due to their particular status as a military spouse; however, military spouses face structural constraints in their everyday lives which in turn would prove challenging to their desire to become a surrogate. Based on in-depth interviews with 33 military spouses who had been surrogates, this article examines how military spouses discuss, negotiate, and experience surrogacy with their spouses all the while navigating the structural demands of the military and the contractual demands of surrogacy. Findings highlight egalitarian decision making between the spouses, and a mostly collaborative approach to the surrogacy process. Ultimately, this work illuminates how surrogacy is experienced by the women who participate in the practice and provides insight as to how military marriages function.
Decision-making in an emergency department: A nursing accountability model
Authors: Rubio-Navarro Alfonso , García-Capilla Diego José , Torralba-Madrid Maria José , Rutty Jane
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Nurses who work in an emergency department regularly care for acute patients in a fast-paced environment, being at risk of suffering high levels of burnout. This situation makes them especially vulnerable to be accountable for decisions they did not have time to consider or have been pressured into.

Research objective:

The objective of this study was to find which factors influence ethical, legal and professional accountability in nursing practice in an emergency department.

Research design:

Data were analysed, codified and triangulated using qualitative ethnographic content analysis.

Participants and research context:

This research is set in a large emergency department in the Midlands area of England. Data were collected from 186 nurses using participant observation, 34 semi-structured interviews with nurses and ethical analysis of 54 applicable clinical policies.

Ethical considerations:

Ethical approval was granted by two research ethics committees and the National Health Service Health Research Authority.

Results:

The main result was the clinical nursing accountability cycle model, which showed accountability as a subjective concept that flows between the nurse and the healthcare institution. Moreover, the relations among the clinical nursing accountability factors are also analysed to understand which factors affect decision-making.

Discussion:

The retrospective understanding of the factors that regulate nursing accountability is essential to promote that both the nurse and the healthcare institution take responsibility not only for the direct consequences of their actions but also for the indirect consequences derived from previous decisions.

Conclusion:

The decision-making process and the accountability linked to it are affected by several factors that represent the holistic nature of both entities, which are organised and interconnected in a complex grid. This pragmatic interpretation of nursing accountability allows the nurse to comprehend how their decisions are affected, while the healthcare institution could act proactively to avoid any problems before they happen.
What Is the Definition of Acute and Chronic Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) of Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA)?
Authors: Aynardi Michael C. , Plöger Milena M. , Walley Kempland C. , Arena Christopher B.
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

There is a paucity of data for defining acute or chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) in the literature. Any discussion of PJI after ankle replacement is entirely reliant on the literature surrounding knee and hip arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:

Consensus.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus)
What Is the Treatment “Algorithm” for Infection After Achilles Tendon Repair/Reconstruction?
Authors: Winters Brian , Da Rin de Lorenzo Ferdinando , Beck David
Published: July 2019

Recommendation:

The initial treatment of an infected Achilles tendon reconstruction should include thorough debridement of all infected tissues with the removal of retained sutures or foreign material. Cultures should be taken at the time of debridement, and antibiotic administration should be dictated by the result of culture and continued until inflammatory markers and clinical symptoms normalize. If significant soft tissue defect in the overlying area remains, the choice of tendon reconstruction and/or transfer with soft tissue coverage should be left up to the discretion of the treating surgeon based on preference and expertise. Revision reconstruction should be delayed until the infection is cleared.

Level of Evidence:

Moderate.

Delegate Vote:

Agree: 100%, Disagree: 0%, Abstain: 0% (Unanimous, Strongest Consensus).
Characteristics of Markets and Patients Served by ESRD Seamless Care Organizations
Authors: Hirth Richard A. , Messana Joseph M. , Negrusa Brighita , Melin Court Q. , Li Yi , Colligan Erin M. , Marrufo Grecia M.
Published: July 2019

Under the Comprehensive End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Care (CEC) Model, dialysis facilities and nephrologists form ESRD Seamless Care Organizations (ESCOs) to deliver high value care. This study compared the characteristics of patients and markets served and unserved by CEC and assessed its generalizability. ESCOs operated in 65 of 384 markets. ESCO markets were larger than non-ESCO markets, had fewer White patients, higher household income, and higher Medicare spending per patient. Patients in ESCOs were similar to eligible nonaligned patients in age and sex but differed in race/ethnicity and were more often treated in an urban area; comorbidity prevalence differed modestly. CEC is available to a meaningful share of the dialysis population and relatively few dialysis patients resided in a market where no provider could meet the participation threshold, so market size may not be the primary barrier for potential new participants in CEC or future kidney care models.
True-amplitude linearized waveform inversion with the quasi-elastic wave equation
Authors: Feng Zongcai , Schuster Gerard
Published: July 2019

We present a quasi-elastic wave equation as a function of the pressure variable, which can accurately model PP reflections with elastic amplitude variation with offset effects under the first-order Born approximation. The kinematic part of the quasi-elastic wave equation accurately models the propagation of P waves, whereas the virtual-source part, which models the amplitudes of reflections, is a function of the perturbations of density and Lamé parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The quasi-elastic wave equation generates a scattering radiation pattern that is exactly the same as that for the elastic wave equation, and only requires the solution of two acoustic wave equations for each shot gather. This means that the quasi-elastic wave equation can be used for true-amplitude linearized waveform inversion (also known as least-squares reverse time migration) of elastic PP reflections, in which the corresponding misfit gradients are with respect to the perturbations of density and the P- and S-wave impedances. The perturbations of elastic parameters are iteratively updated by minimizing the [Formula: see text]-norm of the difference between the recorded PP reflections and the predicted pressure data modeled from the quasi-elastic wave equation. Numerical tests on synthetic and field data indicate that true-amplitude linearized waveform inversion using the quasi-elastic wave equation can account for the elastic PP amplitudes and provide a robust estimate of the perturbations of P- and S-wave impedances and, in some cases, the density. In addition, true-amplitude linearized waveform inversion provides images with a wider bandwidth and fewer artifacts because the PP amplitudes are accurately explained. We also determine the 2D scalar quasi-elastic wave equation for P-SV reflections and the 3D vector equation for PS reflections.
Reverse-engineering growth and form in Heidelberg
Authors: Levin Michael , Martinez Arias Alfonso
Published: July 2019

The EMBO-EMBL Symposium ‘Synthetic Morphogenesis: From Gene Circuits to Tissue Architecture’ was held in Heidelberg, Germany, in March 2019, with 150 participants seeking to reverse-engineer embryogenesis, emphasizing quantitative simulation and the use of synthetic systems to test models. This highly dynamic, interdisciplinary mix of quantitative developmental genetics, bioengineering, synthetic biology and artificial life aimed to reveal how evolution exploits physical forces and genetics to implement the cell- and tissue-level decision-making required for complex morphogenesis.
Inpatient Communication Barriers and Drivers When Caring for Limited English Proficiency Children
Authors: Choe Angela Y , Unaka Ndidi I , Schondelmeyer Amanda C , Bignall Whitney J Raglin , Vilvens Heather L , Thomson Joanna E
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Achieving effective communication between medical providers and families with limited English proficiency (LEP) in the hospital is difficult.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to identify barriers to and drivers of effective interpreter service use when caring for hospitalized LEP children from the perspectives of pediatric medical providers and interpreters.

DESIGN/ PARTICIPANTS/ SETTING

We used Group Level Assessment (GLA), a structured qualitative participatory method that allows participants to directly produce and analyze data in an interactive group session. Participants from a single academic children's hospital generated individual responses to prompts and identified themes and relevant action items. Themes were further consolidated by our research team and verified by stakeholder groups.

RESULTS

Four GLA sessions were conducted including 64 participants: hospital medicine physicians and pediatric residents (56%), inpatient nursing staff (16%), and interpreter services staff (28%). Barriers identified included: (1) difficulties accessing interpreter services; (2) uncertainty in communication with LEP families; (3) unclear and inconsistent expectations and roles of team members; and (4) unmet family engagement expectations. Drivers of effective communication were: (1) utilizing a team‐based approach between medical providers and interpreters; (2) understanding the role of cultural context in providing culturally effective care; (3) practicing empathy for patients and families; and (4) using effective family‐centered communication strategies.

CONCLUSIONS

Participants identified unique barriers and drivers that impact communication with LEP patients and their families during hospitalization. Future directions include exploring the perspective of LEP families and utilizing team‐based and family‐centered communication strategies to standardize and improve communication practices.
An On-Treatment Analysis of the MARQUIS Study: Interventions to Improve Inpatient Medication Reconciliation
Authors: Mixon Amanda S , Kripalani Sunil , Stein Jason , Wetterneck Tosha B , Kaboli Peter , Mueller Stephanie , Schnipper Jeffrey L , Burdick Elisabeth , Nolido Nyryan V , Labonville Stephanie , Minahan Jacquelyn A , Goldstein Jenna
Published: July 2019

It is unclear which medication reconciliation
interventions are most effective at reducing inpatient
medication discrepancies. Five United States hospitals’
interdisciplinary quality improvement (QI) teams were
distance mentored by QI-trained physicians. Sites
implemented one to seven evidence-based interventions
in 791 patients during the 25-month implementation
period. Three interventions were associated with
significant decreases in potentially harmful discrepancy
rates: (1) defining clinical roles and responsibilities,
(2) training, and (3) hiring staff to perform discharge
medication reconciliation. Two interventions were
associated with significant increases in potentially harmful
discrepancy rates: training staff to take medication
histories and implementing a new electronic health record
(EHR). Hospitals should focus first on hiring and training
pharmacy staff to assist with medication reconciliation
at discharge and delineating roles and responsibilities
of clinical staff. We caution hospitals implementing a
large vendor EHR, as medication discrepancies may
increase. Finally, the effect of medication history training
on discrepancies needs further study.
The Structure of the Infinite Models in Integer Programming
Authors: Basu Amitabh , Conforti Michele , Di Summa Marco , Paat Joseph
Published: July 2019

The infinite models in integer programming can be described as the convex hull of some points or as the intersection of halfspaces derived from valid functions. In this paper, we study the relationships between these two descriptions. Our results have implications for corner polyhedra. One consequence is that nonnegative, continuous valid functions suffice to describe corner polyhedra (with or without rational data).
Synthesis and Generalization of Structural Results in Inventory Management: A Generalized Convexity Property
Authors: Federgruen Awi , Liu Zhe , Lu Lijian
Published: July 2019

We address a general periodic review inventory control model with the simultaneous presence of the following complications: (a) bilateral inventory adjustment options, via procurement orders and salvage sales or returns to the supplier; (b) fixed costs associated with procurement orders and downward inventory adjustments (via salvage sales or returns); and (c) capacity limits associated with upward or downward inventory adjustments. We characterize the optimal adjustment strategy, both for finite and infinite horizon periodic review models, by showing that in each period the inventory position line is to be partitioned into (maximally) five regions. Our results are obtained by identifying a novel generalized convexity property for the value functions, which we refer to as strong (C1K1, C2K2)-convexity. To our knowledge, we recover most existing structural results for models with exogenous demands as special cases of a unified analysis.
PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR AL KITĀBAH DENGAN MODEL ACCELERETED LEARNING MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN SAVI PADA SISWA KELAS VIII A MTS NEGERI SLEMAN KOTA
Authors: Awaliyah Helmy Fauzi
Published: July 2019

This study is a classroom action research. The purpose of this study was to determine whether learning with using Accelerated Learning model using SAVI approach (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, and Intellectual) can improve learning achievement of Al-Kitâbah of class VIII A students at MTs Negeri Sleman Kota. This research is a Classroom Action Research which is a reflection of learning activities in the form of an act that deliberately and simultaneously appear and occur in a class. This research consists of two cycles to 36 students. Each cycle consists of four stages: planning, acting, observing, and reflection. Data collection is done by using observation, interview, test and documentation. The results of this study indicate that learning by using Accelerated Learning model using SAVI approach can improve learning achievement of Al Kitâbah in class VIII A of MTs Negeri Sleman Kota which occurs in two cycles and is implemented in four types of learning, namely somatic, auditory, visual, and intellectual.
Penanda Jamak (Perbandingan Antara Bahasa Arab Dan Bahasa Indonesia)
Authors: Humaini Arif
Published: July 2019

Indonesian and Arabic language are different languages ​​, both these languages ​​each have different systems at the level of phonemes, morphemes, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The Arabic language included in flection language, while Indonesian language is not. Flection language is defined as the process or result of adding affixes to the base or root word for limiting its grammatical meaning. Therefore, the presence of the marker in Arabic was deemed paramount, while Indonesian concerned with word order. A marker is a tool that serves as affixes to express grammatical feature or function words. Matching the appropriate marker in Arabic is called al - 'alamat. There are many kinds of markers in Arabic, as there is a gender marker (mu'annats and mudzakkar), mufrod markers, plural markers, and so on. In this paper, we only specialize in the plural marker. Plural marker in Indonesian mostly expressed in the form of reduplication consisting of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Also with the use of the word number by using ‘penyukat’ which can indicate the plural of a word. In the Arabic language, the process of forming the plural marker is characterized by three things: (1) replace the letters or ‘harakat’, (2) eliminate one of the letters, and (3) providing additional or affixes, in front of , in the middle, or at the end of the word.
إستراتيجية تدريس قواعد اللغة العربية بكتاب ألفية ابن مالك بالمدرسة الدينية الوسطى المؤيد سوراكرتا
Authors: Isnaini Rohmatun Lukluk
Published: July 2019

Arabic has a special place among the other languages of the world because Arabic is the language of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of Rasulullah SAW. To learn it, ulama agreed to put sharf and nahwu (qawaid) as the basis. One book that discusses is Alfiyah which is the book of Imam Jamaluddin Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Malik. In presenting qawaid in that kitab, the teacher requires special methods and strategies. For that by using descriptive qualitative research method, this research illustrates that a teacher at Madrasah Diniyah Wustha Al-Muayyad Surakarta using three methods, 1) qawaid wa tarjamah method, 2) Tahfidh wa Tasmi' method, and 3) lecturing method. Then, within each of these methods are translated into several strategies. The implementation of this strategy tailored to the Madrasah Diniyah Wustha at the environment Al-Muayyad boarding school in Surakarta.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Aktif-Inovatif Berbasis Multiple Intelligences
Authors: Shodiq Muhammad Jafar
Published: July 2019

Learning Arabic will be interesting if deliver by taking characteristics of each intelligence possessed by children. This research aimed to explain how the Multiple Intelligences approach used in designing methods of learning Arabic. Results from this study are expected to assist teachers in teaching Arabic with varying methods based on the theory of multiple intelligences.

Pembelajaran bahasa Arab akan menejadi menarik jika penyampaiannya dilakukan dengan memperhatikan karakteristik masing masing kecerdasan yang dimiliki oleh anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengungkap bagaimana pendekatan Multiple Intelligences digunakan dalam merancang metode pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu para pengajar bahasa Arab dalam mengajarkan bahasa Arab dengan metode yang bervariatif berlandaskan pada teori multiple intelligences.
Evaluasi Mahārah Al-Qirā’ah Dalam Buku Ajar Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Baroroh R. Umi , Tsani Etika Riani
Published: July 2019

This research aims to determine the type of evaluation, evaluation techniques, and the quality of the instrument for evaluating reading skills in the textbook " Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah". The type this research is library research whose object is textbook "Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah". Meanwhile, the authors analyzed data using content analysis were conducted using the observation of data sources both primary and secondary. The results of this research to show that this type of reading skills evaluation in textbook Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah is a type of formative evaluation and diagnostic evaluation. Reading skills evaluation techniques in this book include test technique and non-test technique. The quality of the reading skills evaluation instrument in this book in terms of the material contained multiple-choice items and descriptions that do not match the indicator. In terms of construction, there are some components that are not fulfilled clause study on item true-false, stuffing or short-answer and multiple choice. in terms of language, the overall quality of the evaluation instruments is good.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis evaluasi, teknik evaluasi, dan kualitas instrumen evaluasi mahārah al-qirā′ah dalam buku ajar Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah penelitian literatur atau penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan objek penelitian buku teks Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah. Sementara itu dalam menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan teknik analisis isi (content analysis) dengan menggunakan metode pengamatan terhadap sumber data baik primer maupun sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis evaluasi mahārah al-qirā′ah dalam buku ajar Durūs Al-Lugah Al-‘Arabiyyah Buku Siswa Bahasa Arab Pendekatan Saintifik Kurikulum 2013 Kelas X Madrasah Aliyah merupakan jenis evaluasi formatif dan diagnostik. Teknik evaluasi mahārah al-qirā′ah dalam buku ini meliputi teknik tes dan teknik non-tes. Kualitas instrumen evaluasi mahārah al-qirā′ah dalam buku ini, dilihat dari segi materi terdapat butir soal pilihan ganda dan uraian yang tidak sesuai indikator. Sedangkan dari segi konstruksi, terdapat beberapa komponen telaah butir yang tidak terpenuhi pada butir soal benar-salah, isian atau jawaban singkat dan pilihan ganda. Adapun dari segi bahasa, secara keseluruhan kualitas instrumen sudah baik.

Kata kunci: Evaluasi, Mahārah Al-Qirā′ah, Buku Ajar.
Retention Efficiency of Vegetative Filter Strips for Nitrogen in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area, Central China
Authors: Lei Junshan , Chen Jiazhou , Yin Wei
Published: July 2019

To investigate the retention efficiency and mechanism of nitrogen of Vegetative filter strips (VFSs) in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area, simulated runoff discharging experiments were carried out in a new-established Bermuda VFS. The results showed that the Bermuda VFS reduced 73.1-86.1 % of surface runoff through infiltration. The outflow rate of runoff increased first and then became stable with time. The concentration reduction rates (CRRs) and load reduction rates (LRRs) of NH3-N increased initially and then decreased with the increase of inflow concentration. The average CRRs and LRRs of NH3-N in three treatments ranged 66.1-90.3 % and 90.0-96.7 %, respectively. The concentration reduction of NH3-N was primarily achieved by soil adsorption. The optimal inflow concentration of NH3-N for the optimum CRR was between 0.65 and 3.52 mg/dm3. The CRRs and LRRs of NO3-N fluctuated between 6.8-14.0 % and 72.0-77.9 % in three treatments. The concentration reduction of NO3-N was primarily achieved by plant uptake and soil microbe assimilation. The optimal inflow concentration of NO3-N for optimum CRR exceeded 6.78 mg/dm3. The CRRs and LRRs of TN increased with the increase of inflow concentrations. The average CRRs in the low, moderate and high treatments reached 9.7, 14.8 and 27.4 %, respectively, and the average LRRs reached 72.1, 74.3 and 81.2 %, respectively. The optimal inflow concentration of TN for optimum CRR exceeded 10.21 mg/dm3. The study showed that Bermuda grass can retain nitrogen in runoff efficiently and should be promoted around the Danjiangkou reservoir.
Silver and Gold Ions Recovery from Batch Systems Using Spirulina platensis Biomass
Authors: Cepoi Liliana , Zinicovscaia Inga , Chiriac Tatiana , Rudi Liudmila , Yushin Nikita , Miscu Vera
Published: July 2019

In order to assess ability of Spirulina platensis to recover silver and gold ions from the environment the bioaccumulation of silver and gold ions and their effect on growth, proteins and carbohydrates content of Spirulina platensis biomass was studied. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) in concentration range 0.01-1 mg/dm3 and tetrachloroaurate Na[AuCl4] in concentration range 18.5-370 mg/dm3 were added as component of the Spirulina platensis cultivation medium. In case of silver two cultivation media were studied: standard and Cl-free. The process of silver and gold uptake was traced using neutron activation analysis. Presence of silver ions in standard cultivation medium reduced biomass productivity by 66 %, while in Cl-free biomass productivity was reduced by 11.8 % only. The reduction of proteins content by 30 % in Cl-free medium and by 19 % in standard medium was also observed. The experiments showed that in case of gold ions loading, the biomass productivity and protein content were reduced only at high Na[AuCl4] concentration in the medium. The behaviour of carbohydrates content change was similar under silver and gold loadings: decrease at low metal concentration followed by increase at high metal concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy allowed observation of spherical metal nanoparticles, which were formed extracellularly during silver and gold bioaccumulation. Spirulina platensis can be used for recovery of precious metals as well as metal nanoparticles production.
Perspectives of Hydrogen Production from Corn Wastes in Poland by Means of Dark Fermentation
Authors: Sołowski Gaweł , Konkol Izabela , Cenian Adam
Published: July 2019

A model for calculating the maximal theoretical production of hydrogen from corn wastes is proposed. The model has been used to estimate the potential for hydrogen production from cereals wastes such as wheat, barley, and corn which are cultivated in Poland. The potentials for Pomorze and other regions of Poland are compared. The hydrogen produced from cereal wastes in Poland could potentially meet 47 % of national hydrogen demand.
Extraction of phytosterols from melon (Cucumis melo) seeds by supercritical CO2 as a clean technology
Authors: Ekinci Mustafa Serhat , Gürü Metin
Published: July 2019

Extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) which is known as a clean technology was carried out to extract oil from melon (Cucumis melo) seeds. SC-CO2 extraction technique does not contaminate extracts. SC-CO2 is not a toxic and a flammable solvent. Phytosterols, natural and bioactive compounds, which is known to provide protection against various chronic diseases were examined in the seed oil by using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were detected in the melon seed oil. SC-CO2 extractions were performed in a range of 30-55°C, 150-240 bar, 7-15 g CO2/min, 0.4-1.7 mm (mean particle size of the seeds) and 1-4 h. The optimal quantities of extracted oil, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were 36.8 g/100 g seed, 304 mg/ kg seed and 121 mg/ kg seed, respectively, at 33°C, 200 bar, 11 g CO2/min, 0.4 mm and 3 h.
Water vapour sorption properties of thermally modified and pressurised hot-water-extracted wood powder
Authors: Lillqvist Kristiina , Källbom Susanna , Altgen Michael , Belt Tiina , Rautkari Lauri
Published: July 2019

The objective of the study was to investigate the water vapour sorption behaviour of thermally modified (TM) wood powder, e.g. ground wood prepared from waste streams of TM solid wood, and wood powder that was extracted in pressurised hot water. Solid spruce wood was TM in steam conditions (210°C for 3 h), milled and hot-water-extracted (HWE) at elevated pressure (140°C for 1 h). The results evidence that the hot-water extraction reduced the water sorption and the accessible hydroxyl group concentration by the removal of amorphous carbohydrates. In contrast, the enhanced cross-linking of the cell wall matrix and the annealing of amorphous matrix polymers during thermal modification reduced the sorption behaviour of wood additionally, without further reducing the hydroxyl accessibility. These additional effects of thermal modification were at least partially cancelled by hot-water extraction. The results bring novel insights into the mechanisms that reduce the water vapour sorption of wood by compositional and structural changes induced by heating.
On the travel time tomography problem in 3D
Authors: Klibanov Michael V.
Published: July 2019

Numerical issues for the 3D travel time tomography problem with non-overdetemined data are considered. Truncated Fourier series with respect to a special orthonormal basis of functions depending on the source position is used.
In addition, truncated trigonometric Fourier series with respect to two out of three spatial variables are used.
First, the Lipschitz stability estimate is obtained.
Next, a globally convergent numerical method is constructed using a Carleman estimate for an integral operator.
Emerging 2D materials for room-temperature polaritonics
Authors: Ardizzone Vincenzo , De Marco Luisa , De Giorgi Milena , Dominici Lorenzo , Ballarini Dario , Sanvitto Daniele
Published: July 2019

Two-dimensional semiconductors are considered intriguing materials for photonic applications, thanks to their stunning optical properties and the possibility to manipulate them at the nanoscale. In this review, we focus on transition metal dichalcogenides and low-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites, which possess the same characteristics related to planar confinement of their excitons: large binding energies, wide exciton extension, and high oscillator strength. We describe their optoelectronic properties and their capability to achieve strong coupling with light, with particular attention to polariton-polariton interactions. These aspects make them very attractive for polaritonic devices working at room temperature, in view of the realization of all-optical logic circuits in low-cost and easy-to-synthesize innovative materials.
The correlation between the water retention values of fibers by the centrifugation method and maximum content of fiber bonding water by the headspace GC method
Authors: Wang Ruo-Yun , Mo Wen-Xuan , Shen Xiao-Nin , Li Bo , Chai Xin-Sheng
Published: July 2019

This work conducted an investigation on the water retention value (WRV) of pulp fibers measured by the conventional centrifugation method (with a screen filter) and the maximum content of fiber bonding water (MCFBW) measured by a headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC), a method with no fine loss, developed recently. The results showed there is an excellent correlation (R2=0.988{R^{2}}=0.988) between these two methods. However, the WRVs measured by the centrifugation method are consistent lower than the MCFBWs from the HS-GC method and the absolute differences were significantly increases for the refined pulp fibers, i. e., about 50–70 compared to 30+ for the pulps without treatment. The information from this study provides the insight of the real WRVs of the pulps from different processes.
Deeper insight into the morphological features of sunflower stalk as Biorefining criteria for sustainable production
Authors: Mehdikhani Hassan , Jalali Torshizi Hossein , Dahmardeh Ghalehno Mohammad
Published: July 2019

Effective utilization of fibrous materials plays a major role in techno-economic viability of the resources. Sunflower stalk (SS) as one of highest bio-fibrous waste was assessed respect to fiber features in biorefinery approach. The lumen diameter, wall thickness and fiber length were measured as (∼12 µm), (5.25 µm) and (1.58 mm), respectively. The wider lumen diameter makes its suitable for chemical treatments and purification. The applied Pulping conditions decreased the fiber length and wall thickness, with the least reduction by soda-anthraquinone. Derived indices involved rigidity and flexibility coefficients, aspect and Runkel ratios, solid and Luce’s shape factors were also calculated based on the measured values. The aspect ratio (77.5) put SS fibers as very good resources for lignocellulosic products and composites. The flexibility coefficient (57) belongs to the elastic category and was not altered by pulping. The Runkel ratio was lesser than 1 (>0.9) but decreased by the pulping, to some extent. The Luceʼs shape factor was nearly calculated 0.5, near to the bagasse and eucalyptus species. Solid factor (0.17) and rigidity coefficient (0.51) were considered to be good fiber resource. Totally due to the SS fiber characteristics, the agricultural waste suitability for value adding bio-based production could be reported.
Modal functioning of rhetorical resources in selected multimodal cartoons
Authors: Pedrazzini Ana , Scheuer Nora
Published: July 2019

Firstly, this paper aims to analyze how verbal and visual modes contribute to build two basic components of cartoons: the referenced situation and the fictional situation. Secondly, it aims to unravel the semiotics of this discursive genre by offering a fine-grained picture of modal variations and continuities of the rhetorical resources deployed, by means of which the fictional situation is displayed. The corpus is composed of 50 multimodal cartoons chosen by cartoonists of 22 nationalities as the most representative of their work in the frame of a wide questionnaire. Category analysis and non-parametric statistics were applied. We identified and fleshed out four different types of modal functioning of resources: visual preference, verbal preference, modal flexibility, and genuine multimodal functioning. Even if visual and multimodal metaphor were often in charge of transferring meaning from fiction to the referenced situation, results show that other resources such as antithesis, irony, and syllepsis can become the key resources of cartoons. Findings highlight the multilayered functioning of cartoons, among which plastic features can play a significant role, and provide further evidence in favor of the hyperdetermination of humor hypothesis proposed by Attardo.
Income Inequality and Economic Growth: Heterogeneity and Nonlinearity
Authors: Hailemariam Abebe , Dzhumashev Ratbek
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the relationship between income inequality and economic growth in a broad panel of countries over the period from 1965 to 2014. We utilize an improved dataset for inequality with reduced measurement errors, which fosters cross-country comparability. In addition, we investigate whether accounting for heterogeneity across countries alters the estimated effect of inequality on growth, and whether the inequality-growth nexus varies with the level of income inequality. Our estimates show that after accounting for heterogeneity, the nonlinear growth effect of income inequality remains statistically and economically significant. We find a threshold effect of inequality on economic growth, and this threshold is higher for developing economies than for developed economies.
Zwischen Ressource und Belastung
Authors: Motakef Mona
Published: July 2019

In der Prekarisierungsforschung ist das Interesse an den sozialen Netzwerken und Nahbeziehungen von unsicher Beschäftigten gewachsen, da davon ausgegangen wird, dass die subjektive Wahrnehmung der Erwerbslage besser nachvollziehbar wird. Der Beitrag bearbeitet die Frage, wie prekär beschäftigte Paare ihre Prekarität wahrnehmen und deuten und welche Bedeutung ihre Paarbeziehung dabei erhält. Prekarität wird aber nicht auf Erwerbsarbeit reduziert, sondern im Anschluss an geschlechtersoziologische Arbeiten auf den Lebenszusammenhang erweitert. Datengrundlage bilden drei- bis fünfstündige teilleitfadengestützte, narrative Paarinterviews sowie später folgende Einzelinterviews, die zwischen 2014 und 2016 erhoben wurden. Die Auswertung orientierte sich an den Grundlagen der wissenssoziologischen Hermeneutik. Es werden zwei Fallrekonstruktionen vorgestellt und kontrastiert: erstens das Arrangement eines männlichen Alleinernährers und einer Hausfrau sowie zweitens einer Familienernährerin und eines selbstständigen Partners. Im Ergebnis wird deutlich, wie vergeschlechtlichte Zuschreibungen an Frauen und Männer im Binnenverhältnis der Paare aktualisiert werden, aber auch an Bedeutung verlieren können. Dies wirkt sich wiederum auch darauf aus, ob sich die Paarbeziehung für die Partner*innen als Ressource oder als Belastung darstellt.
Diş hekimliğinde bulk fill kompozit rezinler
Authors: AYDIN Numan , KARAOĞLANOĞLU Serpil , OKTAY Elif Aybala , TOKSOY TOPÇU Fulya , DEMİR Funda
Published: July 2019

Diş hekimliğinde kullanılan restoratif materyallerdeki gelişmeler, amalgam ile restore edilebilen geniş posterior kavitelerde kompozit rezinlerin kullanımına olanak sağlamıştır. Posterior dişlerin restorasyonunda kullanılan kompozit rezin materyallerin mekanik ve estetik özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi kullanım kolaylığı beklentisini beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu amaçla kullanılan bulk tekniği ve bu teknikle uygulanan kompozit rezin materyaller son yıllarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kompozit rezinlerdeki gelişmelere rağmen bu restorasyonlarda zaman içerisinde oluşan problemler genellikle kompozitlerin polimerizasyon büzülme stresi ile ilişkilendirilir.Polimerizasyon büzülmesini azaltmak amacıyla kompozitlerin inkremental teknik ile (tabakalar hâlinde) uygulanması önerilmektedir. Fakat kompozitlerin inkremental yerleştirmesi derin kavitelerde ışınlama sayısını ve uygulanma süresini artırmaktadır. Yeni nesil bulk fill kompozitler gelişmiş translusent yapı ve farklı fotoaktif başlatıcı içermektedirler. Bu özellikleri nedeniyle diş kavitelerine daha büyük kütleler hâlinde yerleştirilebilmektedir. Bu kompozitlerin geleneksel kompozitlere göre artan ışınlama derinliği ve polimerizasyon büzülme stresini azaltılması, restoratif diş hekimliğinde heyecan uyandıran bir yenilik olmuştur. Bu derlememizin amacı; yeni nesil bulk fill kompozitleri ticari örnekleri ile analiz ederek, bu kompozitlerin özellikleri, avantajları ve kullanımları hakkında bir literatür incelemesi sunmaktır.
Mutations in the S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase Genes SAM1 and SAM2 Differentially Affect Genome Stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hoffert Kellyn M , Higginbotham Kathryn S P , Gibson Justin T , Oehrle Stuart , Strome Erin D
Published: July 2019

Maintenance of genome integrity is a crucial cellular focus that involves a wide variety of proteins functioning in multiple processes. Defects in many different pathways can result in genome instability, a hallmark of cancer. Utilizing a diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae model, we previously reported a collection of gene mutations that affect genome stability in a haploinsufficient state. In this work we explore the effect of gene dosage on genome instability for one of these genes and its paralog; SAM1 and SAM2. These genes encode S-Adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetases, responsible for the creation of AdoMet from methionine and ATP. AdoMet is the universal methyl donor for methylation reactions and is essential for cell viability. It is the second most used cellular enzyme substrate and is exceptionally well-conserved through evolution. Mammalian cells express three genes, MAT1A, MAT2A, and MAT2B, with distinct expression profiles and functions. Alterations to these AdoMet synthetase genes, and AdoMet levels, are found in many cancers, making them a popular target for therapeutic intervention. However, significant variance in these alterations are found in different tumor types, with the cellular consequences of the variation still unknown. By studying this pathway in the yeast system, we demonstrate that losses of SAM1 and SAM2 have different effects on genome stability through distinctive effects on gene expression and AdoMet levels, and ultimately separate effects on the methyl cycle. Thus, this study provides insight into the mechanisms by which differential expression of the SAM genes have cellular consequences that affect genome instability.
Structural design of high rise volumetric building systems using hot-rolled steel
Authors: Hayes Patrick
Published: July 2019

In recent times there has been a significant growth in the use of offsite techniques for construction, particularly in the use of volumetric modules for buildings. In the UK this sector alone is estimated to be worth approximately £1 billion a year, with further growth being driven by a skills shortage and government initiatives to modernise the industry. While there is a commonality of solutions for modular buildings, there is little guidance or consensus on design methods. This paper provides guidance on the design of high-rise modular buildings, specifically those using modules made from hot-rolled steel members and tied to a separate stability core or bracing system.
Finite-element modelling of laterally loaded piles in a stiff glacial clay till at Cowden
Authors: Zdravković Lidija , Taborda David M. G. , Potts David M. , Abadias David , Burd Harvey J. , Byrne Byron W. , Gavin Kenneth G. , Houlsby Guy T. , Jardine Richard J. , Martin Christopher M. , McAdam Ross A. , Ushev Emil
Published: July 2019

The PISA project was a combined field testing/numerical modelling study with the aim of developing improved design procedures for large-diameter piles subjected to lateral loading. This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional finite-element model for the medium-scale pile tests that were conducted in Cowden till as part of the PISA work. The paper places particular emphasis on the consistent interpretation of the soil data determined from the available field and laboratory information. An enhanced version of the modified Cam clay model was employed in the numerical analyses, featuring a non-linear Hvorslev surface, a generalised shape for the yield and plastic potential surfaces in the deviatoric plane and a non-linear formulation for the elastic shear modulus. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses were performed prior to the field tests. Excellent agreement between the measured and simulated behaviour for a range of pile geometries was observed, demonstrating the accuracy of the numerical model and the adequacy of the calibration process for the constitutive model. The developed numerical model confirmed the premise of the PISA design method that site-specific ground characterisation and advanced numerical modelling can directly facilitate the development of additional soil reaction curves for use in new design models for laterally loaded piles in a stiff clay till.