bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENCY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF LEARNING THE HISTORY OF NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN THROUGH INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF EDUCATION
Authors:   Doctoral student of theSouth Kazakhstan state pedagogical university, Shymkent,Kazakhstan, Algabek-kabil@mail.ru, Kabyl А.А , Abdurakhmanov N. A. ,   Ph. D, Shymkent universityShymkent, Kazakhstan, nurmuhameda@mail.ru
Published: June 2021

The article describes the peculiarities of teaching the history of the national liberation movement in the 18th-19th centuries using information and communication technologies. The history of the national liberation movement is a holistic process. The role of the history of the national liberation movement is closely intertwined with the national, socio-economic, political and spiritual formation of the Kazakh people and its role is very great. It is known that teaching history plays an important role not only in providing comprehensive knowledge, but also in fostering patriotic qualities in schoolchildren. In particular, to tell the history of national liberation movements in the 18th-19th centuries in Kazakhstan, to explain to the younger generation about the anti-colonial nature and historical significance of national liberation uprisings, to evaluate the exploits of historical figures and participants in movements, to introduce studies using methodological techniques explaining the essence of the uprising and the actions of leaders, etc.
PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF S.AMANZOLOV OV DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
Authors:   EKU navtl after S. Amanzholov, Oskembay А.А. , Kabdrakhmanova F.K. ,   EKU navtl after S. Amanzholov
Published: June 2021

The article provides an assessment of the patriotic education of S. Amanzholov's soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. A comprehensive analysis of S. Amanzholov's activities as a political leader is presented. The article provides new data on the use of heroic deeds of Kazakh batyrs by scientists to raise the military spirit of soldiers. During the Great Patriotic War, patriotism became the most important value in Soviet society. Selfless devotion to their Motherland manifested itself among millions of Soviet citizens and became a source of unprecedented mass heroism. From February 1942 to June 1946 S. Amanzholov was on active military service in the ranks of the Soviet Army. He conducted political and educational work among soldiers of non-Russian nationality, published in the Kazakh language the "Notebook of the Red Army Agitator" and leaflets about the heroes of the Soviet Union.
Aerosol radiative impact during the summer 2019 heatwave produced partly by an inter-continental Saharan dust outbreak – Part 2: Long-wave and net dust direct radiative effect
Authors: Sicard Michaël , Córdoba-Jabonero Carmen , López-Cayuela María-Ángeles , Ansmann Albert , Comerón Adolfo , Zorzano María-Paz , Rodríguez-Gómez Alejandro , Muñoz-Porcar Constantino
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper is the companion paper of Córdoba-Jabonero et al. (2021). It deals with the estimation of the longwave (LW) and net dust direct radiative effect (DRE) during the dust episode that occurred between 23 and 30 June, 2019, and coincided with a mega-heatwave. The analysis is performed at two European sites where polarized-Micro-Pulse Lidars ran continuously to retrieve the vertical distribution of the dust optical properties: Barcelona, Spain, 23–30 June, and Leipzig, Germany, 29–30 June. The radiative effect is computed with the GAME radiative transfer model separately for the fine- and coarse-mode dust. The instantaneous and daily radiative effect and radiative efficiency (DREff) are provided for the fine-mode, coarse-mode and total dust at the surface, top of the atmosphere (TOA) and in the atmosphere. The fine-mode daily LW DRE is small (< 6 % of the shortwave (SW) component) which makes the coarse-mode LW DRE the main modulator of the total dust net DRE. The coarse-mode LW DRE starts exceeding (in absolute values) the SW component in the middle of the episode which produces positive coarse-mode net DRE at both the surface and TOA. Such an unusual tendency is attributed to increasing coarse-mode size and surface temperature along the episode. This has the effect of reducing the SW cooling in Barcelona up to the point of reaching total dust net DRE positive (+0.9 W m−2) on one occasion at the surface and quasi-neutral (−0.6 W m−2) at TOA. When adding the LW component, the total dust SW radiative efficiency is reduced by a factor 1.6 at both surface (on average over the episode, the total dust net DREff is −54.1 W m−2 τ−1) and TOA (−37.3 W m−2 τ−1). A sensitivity study performed on the surface temperature and the air temperature in the dust layer, both linked to the heatwave and upon which the LW DRE strongly depends, shows that the heatwave contributed to reduce the dust net cooling effect at the surface and that it had nearly no effect at TOA. Its subsequent effect was thus to reduce the heating of the atmosphere produced by the dust particles.
A long-term study of cloud residuals from low-level Arctic clouds
Authors: Karlsson Linn , Krejci Radovan , Koike Makoto , Ebell Kerstin , Zieger Paul
Published: June 2021

Abstract. To constrain uncertainties in radiative forcings associated with
aerosol–cloud interactions, improved understanding of Arctic cloud formation
is required, yet long-term measurements of the relevant cloud and aerosol
properties remain sparse. We present the first long-term study of cloud
residuals, i.e. particles that were involved in cloud formation and cloud
processes, in Arctic low-level clouds measured at Zeppelin Observatory,
Svalbard. To continuously sample cloud droplets and ice crystals and separate
them from non-activated aerosol, a ground-based counter-flow virtual impactor
inlet system (GCVI) was used. A detailed evaluation of the GCVI measurements,
using concurrent cloud particle size distributions, meteorological parameters,
and aerosol measurements, is presented for both warm and cold clouds, and the
potential contribution of sampling artefacts is discussed in detail. We find
an excellent agreement of the GCVI sampling efficiency of liquid clouds using
two independent approaches. The 2-year data set of cloud residual size
distributions and number concentrations reveals that the cloud residuals
follow the typical seasonal cycle of Arctic aerosol, with a maximum
concentration in spring and summer and a minimum concentration in the late
autumn and winter months. We observed average activation diameters in the
range of 58–78 nm for updraught velocities below 1 m s−1. A
cluster analysis also revealed cloud residual size distributions that were
dominated by Aitken mode particles down to around 20–30 nm. During
the winter months, some of these small particles may be the result of ice,
snow, or ice crystal shattering artefacts in the GCVI inlet; however, cloud
residuals down to 20 nm in size were also observed during conditions
when artefacts are less likely.
Measurement report: Altitudinal variation of cloud condensation nuclei activation across the Indo-Gangetic Plain prior to monsoon onset and during peak monsoon periods: results from the SWAAMI field campaign
Authors: Manoj Mohanan R. , Satheesh Sreedharan K. , Moorthy Krishnaswamy K. , Trembath Jamie , Coe Hugh
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Vertical distributions (altitude profiles) of condensation nuclei (CN) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and their
spatial variations across the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) have been
investigated based on airborne measurements carried out during the SWAAMI field campaign (June to July 2016) capturing the contrasting phases of the
Indian monsoon activity in 2016 just prior to its onset and during its active phase. Prior to the monsoon onset, high concentrations of CN and CCN
prevailed across the IGP, and the profiles revealed frequent occurrence of elevated layers (in the altitude range 1–3 km). Highest concentrations and
elevated peaks with high values occurred over the central IGP. The scenario
changed dramatically during the active phase of the monsoon, when the CN and
CCN concentrations dropped (CN by 20 % to 30 % and CCN by 6 % to 25 %)
throughout the IGP with more pronounced changes at altitudes higher than 3 km where decreases as high as > 80 % were observed. These
reductions have an east-to-west decreasing gradient, being most remarkable in the eastern IGP and very weak over the western IGP where the CN
concentrations above 3 km increased during the monsoon. The activation
ratios (ARs) showed contrasting features, increasing with increase in altitude, prior to the onset of monsoon, reversing the trend to decrease
with increase in altitude during the active phase of the monsoon. The
supersaturation spectrum became flatter during the active phase of the
monsoon, indicating an increase in the hygroscopicity of aerosols following the mixing of surface-based emissions with the advected marine air mass.
The carbon budget of the managed grasslands of Great Britain constrained by earth observations
Authors: Myrgiotis Vasileios , Smallman Thomas Luke , Williams Mathew
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Grasslands cover around two thirds of the land area of Great Britain (GB) and are important reservoirs of terrestrial biological carbon (C). Outside a few well-monitored sites the quantification of C dynamics in managed grasslands is made complex by the spatio-temporal variability of weather conditions combined with grazing and cutting patterns. Earth observation (EO) missions produce high-resolution frequently-retrieved proxy data on the state of grassland canopies but synergies between EO data and biogeochemical modelling to estimate grassland C dynamics are under-explored. Here, we show the potential of model-data fusion (MDF) to provide robust near-real time analyses of managed grasslands of GB (England, Wales andScotland). We combine EO data and process-based modelling to estimate grassland C balance and to examine the role of management. We implement a MDF algorithm to (1) infer grassland management from vegetation reduction data (Proba-V), (2) optimise model parameters by assimilating leaf area index (LAI) data (Sentinel-2) and (3) simulate livestock grazing, grass cutting, and C allocation and loss to the atmosphere. The MDF algorithm was applied for 2017 and 2018 at 1855 fields sampled from across GB. The algorithm was able to effectively assimilate the Sentinel-2 based LAI time series (overlap = 80 %, RMSE = 1 gCm−2, bias = 0.35 gCm−2) and predict livestock densities per area that correspond with independent census-based data (r = 0.68). The mean total removed biomass across all simulated fields was 6 (±1.8) tDM ha−1 y−1. The simulated grassland ecosystems were on average C sinks in 2017 and 2018; the GB-average net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and net biome exchange (NBE) for 2017 was −232 ± 94 and for 2018 was −120 ± 103 gCm−2 y−1. The 2018 summer drought reduced C sinks, with a 9-fold increase in the number fields that were C sources (NBE > 0) in 2018 compared to 2017. We conclude that management in the form of sward condition and the timing, intensity and type of defoliation are key determinants of the C balance of managed grasslands. Nevertheless, extreme weather, such as prolonged droughts, can convert grassland C sinks to sources.
2400 years of climate and human-induced environmental change recorded in sediments of Lake Młynek in northern Poland
Authors: Welc Fabian , Nitychoruk Jerzy , Marks Leszek , Bińka Krzysztof , Rogóż-Matyszczak Anna , Obremska Milena , Zalat Abdelfattah
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In the densely forested Warmia and Masuria region (northern Poland) there
are many small endorheic lakes characterized by their low sedimentation
rate, which makes them excellent archives of Holocene environmental and
palaeoclimatic change. Lake Młynek, located near the village of Janiki
Wielkie, was selected for multi-faceted palaeoenvironmental research
supported with radiocarbon dates. Sediments from this lake also contain
unique information about human impact on the environment, because a
stronghold has been operating on its northern shore since the early Iron Age
to the early Medieval period, giving the opportunity to correlate
palaeoenvironmental data with the phases of human activity over the last
2400 years. During the second and third centuries BCE the lake was
surrounded by a dense deciduous forest. From the first century BCE to
second century CE the forest around the lake was much reduced, which can
be associated with the first pre-Roman (La Tène) and Roman occupation phase
evidenced by the construction of the stronghold located close to the lake.
From the second up to ninth century CE gradual restoration of the
forest and a decline in human activity took place, along with lake deepening
and the onset of a colder and humid climatic phase which corresponded to the
global cooling episode known as the Bond 1 event (1.5 ka BP). The next
intensive phase of forest clearing around the lake occurred between the
9th–13th century CE as result of human activity (Middle
Age settlement phase of the stronghold). Whilst this period is marked by a
warming, the human impact which has transformed the landscape likely
overprints any signals of climate-driven environmental changes.
Global Balanced Wind Derived from SABER Temperature and Pressure Observations and its Validations
Authors: Liu Xiao , Xu Jiyao , Yue Jia , Yu You , Batista Paulo P. , Andrioli Vania F. , Liu Zhengkuan , Yuan Tao , Wang Chi , Zou Ziming , Li Guozhu , Russell III James M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Zonal winds in the stratosphere and mesosphere play important roles in the atmospheric dynamics and aeronomy. However, the direct measurement of winds in this height range is difficult. We present a dataset of the monthly mean zonal wind in the height range of 18–100 km and at latitudes of 50° S–50° N from 2002 to 2019, which is derived by the gradient balance wind theory and the temperature and pressure observed by the SABER instrument. The tide alias above 80 km at the equator is replaced by the monthly mean zonal wind measured by a meteor radar at 0.2° S. The dataset (named as BU) is validated by comparing with the zonal wind from MERRA2 (MerU), UARP (UraU), HWM14 empirical model (HwmU), meteor radar (MetU) and lidar (LidU) at seven stations from 53.5° N to 29.7° S. At 18–70 km, BU and MerU have (1) nearly identical zero wind lines, (2) year-to-year variations of the eastward/westward wind jets at middle and high latitudes, (3) the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and semi-annual oscillation (SAO), especially the anormal QBO in early 2016. The comparisons among BU, UraU and HwmU show good agreement in general below 80 km. Above 80 km, the agreements among BU, UraU, HwmU, MetU and LidU are good in general, except some discrepancies at limited heights and months. The BU data are archived as netCDF files and can be available at https://dx.doi.org/10.12176/01.99.00574 (Liu et al., 2021).
Bulk hydrometeor optical properties for microwave and sub-mm radiative transfer in RTTOV-SCATT v13.0
Authors: Geer Alan Jon , Bauer Peter , Lonitz Katrin , Barlakas Vasileios , Eriksson Patrick , Mendrok Jana , Doherty Amy , Hocking James , Chambon Philippe
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Satellite observations of radiation in the microwave and sub-mm spectral regions (broadly from 1 to 1000 GHz) can have strong sensitivity to cloud and precipitation particles in the atmosphere. These particles (known as hydrometeors) scatter, absorb and emit radiation according to their mass, composition, shape, internal structure, and orientation. Hence, microwave and sub-mm observations have applications including weather forecasting, geophysical retrievals and model validation. To simulate these observations requires a scattering-capable radiative transfer model and an estimate of the bulk optical properties of the hydrometeors. This article describes the module used to integrate single-particle optical properties over a particle size distribution (PSD) to provide bulk optical properties for the Radiative Transfer for TOVS microwave and sub-mm scattering code, RTTOV-SCATT, a widely-used fast model. Bulk optical properties can be derived from a range of particle models including Mie spheres (liquid and frozen) and non-spherical ice habits from the Liu and Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) databases, which include pristine crystals, aggregates and hail. The effects of different PSD and particle options on simulated brightness temperatures are explored, based on an analytical two-stream solution for a homogeneous cloud slab. The hydrometeor scattering "spectrum" below 1000 GHz is described, along with its sensitivities to particle composition (liquid or ice), size and shape. The optical behaviour of frozen particles changes in the frequencies above 200 GHz, moving towards an optically thick and emission-dominated regime more familiar from the infrared. This region is previously little explored but will soon be covered by the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI).
SITool (v1.0) – a new evaluation tool for large-scale sea ice simulations: application to CMIP6 OMIP
Authors: Lin Xia , Massonnet François , Fichefet Thierry , Vancoppenolle Martin
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Sea Ice Evaluation Tool (SITool) described in this paper is a performance metrics and diagnostics tool developed to evaluate the skill of bi-polar model reconstructions of sea ice concentration, extent, edge location, drift, thickness, and snow depth. It is a Python-based software and consists of well-documented functions used to derive various sea ice metrics and diagnostics. Here, the SITool version 1.0 (v1.0) is introduced and documented, and is then used to evaluate the performance of global sea ice reconstructions from nine models that provided sea ice output under the experimental protocols of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) Ocean Model Intercomparison Project with two different atmospheric forcing datasets: the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments version 2 (CORE-II) and the updated Japanese 55-year atmospheric reanalysis (JRA55-do). Two sets of observational references for sea ice concentration, thickness, snow depth, and ice drift are systematically used to reflect the impact of observational uncertainty on model performance. Based on available model outputs and observational references, the ice concentration, extent, and edge location during 1980–2007, as well as the ice thickness, snow depth, and ice drift during 2003–2007 are evaluated. It is found that (1) in general, model biases are larger than observational uncertainties and model performances are primarily consistent compared to different observational references, (2) By changing the atmospheric forcing from CORE-II to JRA55-do reanalysis data, the overall performance (mean state, interannual variability and trend) of the simulated sea ice areal properties in both hemispheres, as well as the mean ice thickness simulation in the Antarctic, the mean snow depth and ice drift simulations in both hemispheres are improved, (3) the simulated sea ice areal properties are also improved in the model with increased spatial resolution, (4) for the cross-metric analysis, there is no link between the performance in one variable and the performance in another. The SITool is an open-access version-controlled software that can run on a wide range of CMIP6 compliant sea ice outputs. The current version of SITool (v1.0) is primarily developed to evaluate atmosphere-forced simulations and it could be eventually extended to fully coupled models.
Optimizing a backscatter forward operator using Sentinel-1 data over irrigated land
Authors: Modanesi Sara , Massari Christian , Gruber Alexander , Lievens Hans , Tarpanelli Angelica , Morbidelli Renato , De Lannoy Gabrielle J. M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Worldwide, the amount of water used for agricultural purposes is rising and the quantification of irrigation is becoming a crucial topic. Because of the the limited availability of in situ observations, an increasing number of studies is focusing on the synergistic use of models and satellite data to detect and quantify irrigation. The parameterization of irrigation in large scale Land Surface Models (LSM) is improving, but it is still hampered by the lack of information about dynamic crop rotations or the extent of irrigated areas, and the mostly unknown timing and amount of irrigation. On the other hand, remote sensing observations offer an opportunity to fill this gap as they are directly affected by, and hence potentially able to detect, irrigation. Therefore, combining LSMs and satellite information through data assimilation can offer the optimal way to quantify the water used for irrigation. The aim of this study is to optimize a land modeling system, consisting of the Noah-MP LSM, coupled with a backscatter observation operator, over irrigated land in order to simulate backscatter predictions. This is a first step towards building a reliable data assimilation system to ingest level-1 Sentinel-1 observations. In this context, we tested how well modeled soil moisture and vegetation estimates from the Noah-MP LSM running within the NASA Land Information System (LIS), with or without irrigation simulation, are able to capture the signal of high-resolution Sentinel-1 backscatter observations over the Po river Valley, an important agricultural area in Northern Italy. Next, aggregated 1-km Sentinel-1 backscatter observations were used to calibrate a Water Cloud Model (WCM) as observation operator using simulated soil moisture and Leaf Area Index estimates. The WCM was calibrated with and without activating an irrigation scheme in Noah-MP and considering two different cost functions. Results demonstrate that activating an irrigation scheme provides the optimal calibration of the WCM, even if the irrigation estimates are inaccurate. The Bayesian optimization is shown to result in the best unbiased calibrated system, with minimal chance of having error cross correlations between the model and observations. Our time series analysis further confirms that Sentinel-1 is able to track the impact of human activities on the water cycle, highlighting its potential to improve irrigation, soil moisture and vegetation estimates via future data assimilation.
Retention time of lakes in the Larsemann Hills oasis, East Antarctica
Authors: Shevnina Elena , Kourzeneva Ekaterina , Dvornikov Yury , Fedorova Irina
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study provides first estimates of the water transport
timescale for five lakes located in the Larsemann Hills oasis
(69∘23′ S, 76∘20′ E) in East Antarctica. We estimated lake retention time
(LRT) as a ratio of lake volume to the inflow and outflow terms of a lake
water balance equation. The LRT was evaluated for lakes of epiglacial and
landlocked types, and it was assumed that these lakes are monomictic, with
water exchange occurring during the warm season only. We used hydrological
observations collected in four seasonal field campaigns to evaluate the LRT.
For the epiglacial lakes Progress and Nella/Scandrett, the LRT was estimated
at 12–13 and 4–5 years, respectively. For the landlocked lakes Stepped,
Sarah Tarn and Reid, our results show a great difference in the LRT
calculated from the outflow and inflow terms of the water balance equation.
The LRTs for these lakes vary depending on the methods and errors inherent
to them. We relied on the estimations from the outflow terms, since they are
based on hydrological measurements with better quality. Lake Stepped
exchanged water within 1.5 years. Sarah Tarn and Lake Reid
are endorheic ponds, with water loss mainly through evaporation. Their LRTs
were estimated as 21–22 and 8–9 years, respectively. To improve the
LRT estimates, special hydrological observations are needed to monitor the
lakes and streams during the warm season with a uniform observational
programme.
Bangladesh COVID-19 Governmental Response
Authors: S. Abdellatif Omar , Behbehani Ali , Landin Mauricio
Published: June 2021

The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Modeling the crashes count using finite mixture models
Authors: Kadhem Safaa K. , Kadhim Sadeq A.
Published: June 2021

"This paper aims at the modeling the crashes count in Al Muthanna governance using finite mixture model. We use one of the most common MCMC method which is called the Gibbs sampler to implement the Bayesian inference for estimating the model parameters. We perform a simulation study, based on synthetic data, to check the ability of the sampler to find the best estimates of the model. We use the two well-known criteria, which are the AIC and BIC, to determine the best model fitted to the data. Finally, we apply our sampler to model the crashes count in Al Muthanna governance.
On (Semi, Pre, Semi-pre, b)-open subgraph
Authors: Awad Aiad I. , Jasim Taha H.
Published: June 2021

"Due it difficult to find applications in topological spaces, which are branches of pure mathematics. The importance of this paper is to find applications in graph theory. So, We Introduced (semi, pre, b, semi-pre)-open subgraph to graph theory. The relations among them were studied. At least many theorems were proofed as a characterization and some examples introduced to explain the subject.
"Efficiency Comparison of Algorithms for Finding Determinants Via Permutations "
Authors: Sheet Lugen M. Zake
Published: June 2021

"Determiners have been used extensively in a selection of applications throughout history. It also biased many areas of mathematics such as linear algebra. There are algorithms commonly used for computing a matrix determinant such as: Laplace expansion, LDU decomposition, Cofactor algorithm, and permutation algorithms. The determinants of a quadratic matrix can be found using a diversity of these methods, including the well-known methods of the Leibniz formula and the Laplace expansion and permutation algorithms that computes the determinant of any n×n matrix in O(n!). In this paper, we first discuss three algorithms for finding determinants using permutations. Then we make out the algorithms in pseudo code and finally, we analyze the complexity and nature of the algorithms and compare them with each other. We present permutations algorithms and then analyze and compare them in terms of runtime, acceleration and competence, as the presented algorithms presented different results.
Usar tecnologias digitais nas aulas remotas durante a pandemia da COVID-19? Sim, mas quais e como usar?
Authors: Grossi Márcia Gorett Ribeiro
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o potencial educativo das tecnologias digitais utilizadas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem das aulas remotas ofertadas durante a suspensão das aulas devido à pandemia da COVID-19. Para tal, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva. Em relação aos procedimentos técnicos, optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados permitem concluir que o potencial educativo dessas tecnologias reside no fato de que elas são capazes de transformar o ensino e têm um lugar na construção do conhecimento, exercendo um papel importante no novo contexto educacional, cuja sala de aula passou a ser virtual. A pesquisa apresentou as principais tecnologias digitais que podem ser usadas nas aulas remotas e suas aplicações em estratégias pedagógicas, apontando suas vantagens. Por fim, destaca-se a necessidade das escolas e dos professores refletirem sobre o uso das tecnologias digitais na educação, pois elas vieram para ficar, sendo fundamental a apropriação tecnológica nas práticas docentes.
A STUDY OF WORK LIFE BALANCE (WLB) AMONG THE WOMEN EMPLOYEES IN THE GARMENT SECTOR
Authors: Vishnoi Pooja
Published: June 2021

Work-life balance is a situation in which employees can give right amount of time and efforts to their professional life as well as their personal life. The present study have focused on work life balance of women employee's in Bangalore, how women are trying to balance their work and family life in garment Industry. Descriptive Research design was used for this research. Sources were collected through questionnaire; total 200 employees were identified for this study. Convenient sampling method is adopted for sampling technique. This study concludes that most of the women employees are not able to balance their Work-life due to issues arising in the organization. The management should identify the problems related to Work-life balance. The company should frame better recreation facilities, work environment, counselling to motivate the employees. These steps can improve the productivity of the employee as well as the Organization.
LATE XX CEN TE XX CENTURY – EARL Y – EARLY XXI CEN Y XXI CENTURY GEOPOLI Y GEOPOLITICAL VIEW TICAL VIEW OF THE ASIAN REGION
Authors:   Uzbek State University of World Languages of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tuychiyeva Rano Almamatovna
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Describe the geopolitical structure of the Asian region - to cover political, economic, social, cultural and ethnic issues in East Asia, Southeast Asia (the main part of the Asia-Pacific region), South Asia, the Indian Ocean region, Central Asia and the Middle East. The number of dedicated scientific publications is significantly exceeding the number and volume of similar texts being written about other regions of the world. A review of Asian security shows that security concerns have spread throughout Asia. At the same time, such problems also have a significant negative impact on mutual economic, trade and investment relations. Research methods. In writing this article, historical, the methods of comparative analysis, theoretical, general logic and forecasting of political science were used. In particular, the formation and development of the political system of different societies in Asia during this period was covered by historical and chronological approaches, while the development of individuals, social groups, nations and peoples, peoples and states was analyzed using the method of comparative analysis.
THE STRUCTURE AND MEANS OF EXPRESSION OF METAPHORICAL UNI APHORICAL UNITS WITH DEOPOE TH DEOPOETONIMY IN FRENCH AND Y IN FRENCH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Khamidova Muborak Khafizovna
Published: June 2021

Introduction. In the language system of the peoples of the world, deopoetonyms - words that express the name of natural phenomena - have a special place. Research on the role of deopoetonyms in speech discourse with language, the basis of their origin, the features of their use is important in the study of the history of language, in determining its social significance, so much attention is paid to their collection and study. Research methods. In determining the place of deopoetonyms in the French and Uzbek languages in the linguistic system, ideographic bases, artistic and aesthetic functions in speech, lexical-semantic, linguostylistic features comparative-typological, synchronous-descriptive, system and component analysis, classification methods can be used.
THE ALLOCATION OF PARTICLES IN TRANSLATION DICTIONARIES AND WAYS TO EXPRESS THEM IN TRANSLATION
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Kakhkhorova Gulrukh
Published: June 2021

Introduction. In the languages of the peoples of the world, particles with their own logical-grammatical, semantic-stylistic features and functions, historical development and pragmatic features have an independent place as one of the auxiliary words. Although they do not have a separate lexical meaning, they are among the categories that provide a linguistic and speech relationship in terms of their ability to connect equally to each other by adding different meanings to words and sentences at the syntactic levels. The comparative study of particles within different systematic languages plays an important role in understanding and expressing objective reality through language tools. Research methods. Methods of linguistic description, classification, contextual, comparative and stylistic analysis can be used as research methods. Results and discussions.
EMERGENCE AND STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FIRST SYNONYM DICTIONARIES
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Mirxanova Gulandom Rustamovna
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Synonyms are formed from the combination of the Greek words syn "together" + onoma "name", which is an important means of increasing the effectiveness of speech, a clearer, more vivid, logical and diverse expression of thought. In the existing scientific literature, it is reflected that synonymous words in the working definition belong to the same category, are written, pronounced differently, but have the same or similar meanings. Synonymy is a very multifaceted phenomenon, and most of the definitions given do not fully cover the essence of synonymy. Therefore, from the earliest days of linguistics, there was a strong interest in discovering the essence of these means of artistic representation, recording their meaning, compiling lists.
Analyse des effets du capital santé sur la croissance économique en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: KOUASSI Ya Assanhoun Guillaume
Published: June 2021

Cette étude vérifie les effets du capital santé approximée par l’espérance de vie sur la croissance économique en Côte d’Ivoire de 1974 à 2014. Nous avons recours à un modèle vectoriel à correction d’erreur (VECM) et au test de non-causalité de granger par approche séquentielle. Nos résultats suggèrent qu’il existe une relation de causalité unidirectionnelle à court et à long terme, allant du capital santé vers la croissance économique. Ces résultats suggèrent la mise en œuvre de programmes de santé plus robustes, capables de favoriser la croissance économique ivoirienne. Cela implique un accroissement du budget alloué au secteur de la santé en Côte d’Ivoire afin que ce dernier contribue davantage à la croissance économique de long terme dans ce pays.
Pupuk dan Pemupukan
Authors:   Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Mansyur Nur Indah , Pudjiwati Eko Hary ,   Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, Murtilaksono Aditya ,   Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Borneo Tarakan
Published: June 2021

Pupuk merupakan suatu bahan sebagai sumber unsur hara baik makro maupun mikro bagi tanaman, sedangkan pemupukan merupakan suatu tindakan mengaplikasikan dari pupuk. Pupuk digolongkan ke dalam beberapa kelompok berdasarkan: 1) kandungan unsur hara (pupuk tunggal dan pupuk majemuk); 2) kadar unsur hara (berkadar hara tinggi, sedang, dan rendah); 3) reaksi kimia (pupuk masam, netral, basa); 4) kelarutan (pupuk larut dalam air, larut dalam asam sitrat, dan larut dalam asam kuat); 5) cara pembuatan dan komponen utama penyusun pupuk (pupuk organik dan pupuk anorganik); 6) cara pemberian (pupuk akar dan pupuk daun). Secara garis besar pupuk terdiri dari dua jenis yaitu pupuk organik dan pupuk anorganik. Agar pemupukan yang kita lakukan tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhan tanaman mendapatkan efisiensi dalam pemupukan, maka terdapat konsep lima tepat yang harus diperhatikan yaitu : 1) tepat jenis pupuk yang digunakan; 2) tepat dosis yang diberikan sesuai kebutuhan tanaman; 3) tepat waktu aplikasi pemupukan; 4) tepat tempat penempatan pupuk saat aplikasi; dan 5) tepat cara aplikasi pupuk. Bagi pembaca yang menyukai pertanian atau tanam-menanam, buku sangat bermanfaat untuk dibaca sebagai menambahkan pengetahuannya tentang pupuk.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching programme on Knowledge regarding Life Style Modifications for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis among Housewives
Authors: Sebastian Mintu , S. Sheeja
Published: June 2021

The study was titled as “effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding life style modifications for the prevention of atherosclerosis among housewives.” The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding life style modification for the prevention of atherosclerosis and to find out the association between knowledge regarding life style modifications for the prevention of atherosclerosis among housewives with selected demographic variables. Quasi experimental pretest posttest control design was adopted for this study. The study was conducted in a community area of Pallithottam at Kollam district. The sample consisted of 60 housewives. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. Data were collected from the housewives to assess their existing level of knowledge by using structured knowledge questionnaire before giving structured teachingprogramme. Post test was conducted one week after administration of structured teaching programme, to assess their level of knowledge. The collected data were tabulated and analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that, the mean posttest knowledge score of selected sample in experimental group (14.53) was higher than the mean pretest score (8.47). Since the calculated ‘t’ value (14.43) was greater than the table value (2.05) at 0.05 level of significance, there was statistically significant difference between mean pretest and posttest knowledge scores in experimental group. The mean posttest knowledge score of selected sample in experimental group (14.53) was higher than the mean posttest score (8.47) in the control group. The calculated ‘t’ value (14.43) was greater than the table value (2.05) at 0.05 level of significance. This indicated that there was statistically significant difference between mean pretest and posttest knowledge scores regarding life style modifications for the prevention of atherosclerosis in experimental group. The study concluded that structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge regarding life style modifications for the prevention of atherosclerosis among housewives.
Los criterios de Rosemont en ultrasonografía endoscópica: ¿son predictores de insuficiencia pancreática exocrina?
Authors: Arramón Marianela , Redondo Agustina , Cura Pablo , Baldoni Fernando , Brizio Ana , Loudet Cecilia , Tufare Francisco
Published: June 2021

Endoscopic ultrasonography is the method of choice for detection of morphologic changes related to chronic pancreatitis. There are criteria, in the literature, that evaluate morphologic changes by endoscopic ultrasonography suggestive of chronic pancreatitis. The most widely used are the Rosemont criteria. Currently, the most effective diagnostic methods for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency are fat quantification (disused) and the 13C-mixed triglyceride breath test, not available in our country. However, the probability of diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency can be estimated over the base of symptoms, malnutrition parameters, faecal elastase and signs of chronic pancreatitis in images. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation, probability and severity of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, according to Rosemont criteria, in patients with chronic pancreatitis. A retrospective descriptive study was performed. Data were collected from patients between April of 2017 and April of 2018. The data gathered was based on pancreatic morphologic characteristics according to Rosemont criteria and related to the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency diagnosis based on the levels of stool elastase. Twenty one patients with chronic pancreatitis were included. The presence of hyperechogenic foci > 2 mm with posterior acoustic shadowing was associated with the presence of severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (p < 0.001). In our study, the association between parenchymal morphologic findings of chronic pancreatitis was significant in predicting exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The role of endoscopic ultrasonography in predicting functional compromise in patients with chronic pancreatitis is promising.
Prognostication in patient with terminal stage of cancer
Authors: Witjaksono Maria A
Published: June 2021

Prognosis is one of the most critical factors affecting clinical decision in medical practice. In terminal illness where patients are only less than months to live, prognostication is essential to provide an appropriate plan, particularly to avoid futile treatment and to arrange palliative care referral. Prognostication is a process of foreseeing and foretelling, which enable the health care team, patients and family to be involved in the decision making. Determining prognosis is a challenge for doctors as lack of knowledge and skills and fear of the response of the patients and their families. Prognostication is essential in decision making among terminally ill patients, as the risks of adverse effects, energy, time and cost potentially outweighs the benefit of survival, quality of life, functional gain and hope. The benefit of prognostication is not only for the doctors, but particularly to the patients, their families, as well as to institution and health care system. In daily practice a subjective judgment made by doctor based on clinical assessment is usually overoptimistic. A tool is needed to make a better prognostication. Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI) and Palliative Prognostic Score (PaP score) are the most common tools used in palliative care setting.
A Comprehensive Overview On The Most Recent Trends In Covid-19 Diagnosis, Treatment Options And Vaccine Development Status
Authors: Patel Jayendrakumar , Parikh Shalin , Patel Shwetaben
Published: June 2021

The global pandemic produced by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and which then spread rapidly, made it difficult to find or develop effective medications for its prevention and treatment. Therefore, the first stage is necessitating the use of a precise and quick diagnostic method to detect SARS-CoV-2 infected patient followed by effective patient isolation and the commencement of early treatment, which can range from supportive therapy to specialised medications such corticosteroids, antiviral medications, antibiotics, and the recently introduced convalescent plasma. Despite the extraordinary developments in advanced medicinal system, no confirmed viable medicines exist at this time. Rapid research on SARS CoV-2 epidemiology has led to the discovery of certain new targets for prospective therapeutic treatments. Many therapeutic options have been evaluated, and clinical studies are proceeding at a breakneck speed. However, there is a lot of room for more study into finding cost-effective and safer medicines, vaccinations, and measures to ensuring that COVID-19 preventive and treatment programmes are available to everyone. The goal of this study is to compile all of the current advancements in the worldwide medical system in the fight against COVID-19.
Solid-State Lipid - Based Lipid Drug Delivery System
Authors: Nasit Mamta , Patel Meshva , Solanki Ajay , Patel Jayendrakumar
Published: June 2021

In recent time, about 70% of new molecules discovered or under discovery are lipophilic in nature with low aqueous solubility which makes a great challenge for formulation scientists to making these molecules to be have a sufficient aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability. Lipid-based drug delivery system (LBDDS- wide ranging designation for formulations containing a dissolved or suspended drug in lipid excipients) is one of the appropriate approach which gained significant popularity due to their ability to deliver poorly water-soluble drugs with improved solubility and oral bioavailability. Conventional LBDDS, including lipid emulsions, suspensions etc. suffer from various drawbacks limiting their widespread commercialization and use. Therefore, solid-state LBDDS fabricated from conventional LBDDS using different types of solid carriers via various solidification methods eliminated some of the various limitations of conventional LBDDS with great stability. The present review provide overview on the various types of solid state lipid based drug delivery systems, different types of solid carriers use in formulation of solid state lipid based drug delivery system, various solidification techniques for conversion of liquid lipid system to solid dosage form, advantages and some practical limitations of lipid based drug delivery system.
Art Of Designing A Novel Drug Formulation With Patient In Mind
Authors: Patel Jayendrakumar , Parikh Shalin , Patel Ronak , Patel Shwetaben
Published: June 2021

Patients, ultimately consumer in traditional means, and health care systems will not accept new drug that fail to conform to consumer preferences or fail to deliver expected results in real world use because it will lead to increase the lack of patient adherence and that will ultimately cost to Pharmaceutical Industries. If research driven pharmaceutical industries still remain unengaged with patients during the Novel Drug Formulation development, then they are at risk of misinterpreting the need of patient that ultimately likely to have significant financial ramifications. Therefore, developing a therapy that ensure improvement in the lives of patients and their adherence to the therapy should be first rooted through a firm understanding of all aspects of the challenges faced by patients in their daily lives, during treatment, their needs and trade-offs they are willing to make to gain relief prior to conceptualisation of product design, research prioritization, product development, trial design, regulatory approval, access, reimbursement, and treatment decisions.
Referendums, for Populists Only? Why Populist Parties Favour Referendums and How Other Parties Respond
Authors:   Utrecht University, School of Governance, Brummel Lars
Published: June 2021

Populists are generally known as supporters of referendums and several populist parties have promoted direct democracy in recent years. To deepen our understanding of the populism referendum link, this study analyses how populist parties in Austria, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands defend a greater use of referendums and how their non-populist counterparts respond to this populist call for referendums. An analysis of election manifestos shows that populist parties justify their referendum support by characterizing referendums as a purely democratic ideal, by presenting it as an alternative to decision-making by ‘bad’ political elites or by promoting referendums as a tool to realise their preferred policy decisions. Populist referendum support is thus related to people-centrism and ant-elitism, as elements of a populist ideology, but also to strategic considerations. These lines of argument are used by both populists on the right and the left, but anti-elitism is particularly prominent in manifestos of radical rightwing populist parties. Populists are not the only supporters of direct democracy – however, there is no evidence that non-populist parties did become more favourable towards referendums to adapt to the populist call for a greater referendum use.