bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La seguridad democrática como constitución secreta en el gobierno de Álvaro Uribe
Authors:   , Valero Fonseca Gigliola
Published: July 2022

La política de seguridad democrática, ha permeado todas las esferas de la vida nacional. Ésta fue la bandera para argumentar desde el accionar de la fuerza pública, hasta la forma de distribución de las finanzas nacionales, pasando por la necesidad del Estado de ganar autoridad para derrotar la corrupción y la politiquería. Bajo esta idea, se llevaron a cabo actos legales pero inconstitucionales, sin necesitar decretar estados de excepción. Lo que pretende este trabajo es, a través del análisis de discurso del presiente colombiano, analizar la seguridad democrática para establecer si ha sido una forma de constitución paralela, como lo expone George Fletcher para el caso norteamericano con el presidente Abraham Lincoln. Es importante advertir sobre la falsa impresión inicial que puede dar lo inusual de este tipo de abordajes teóricos, pues no es de ninguna manera una apología al presidente Álvaro Uribe, ni una comparación de las figuras presidenciales de Lincoln y Uribe. Las comparaciones se abordan, para el caso de Lincoln, desde su idea de libertad, para el caso de Uribe, desde la seguridad democrática. Este trabajo se aparta de los caminos ya utilizados, reconociendo su aporte, enfoques centrados en el estado de excepción. Conscientes de la novedad e innovación de la propuesta y por ende de su carácter exploratorio. Y a través de la obra de George Fletcher, Our Secret Constitution, intenta argumentar cómo durante los ocho años de gobierno, Álvaro Uribe utilizó su doctrina de seguridad democrática, como una constitución secreta, paralela.
Contribución de los pueblos indígenas de Bolivia, a través de los consejos educativos de pueblos originarios -CEPOs-, al fortalecimiento de la gobernabilidad en el campo de la política de educación intercultural bilingüe
Authors:   , Velasco Terán Ángela Andrea
Published: July 2022

Hace 16 años en Bolivia se empezó a implementar la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB), a través de la Ley 1565 de Reforma Educativa, como respuesta a las persistentes demandas indígenas por un Derecho a la Educación. El objetivo principal de esta ley era "construir un sistema educativo intercultural y participativo que posibilite el acceso de todos los bolivianos a la educación, sin discriminación alguna" (Ley 1565 de Reforma Educativa, 1994). Asimismo, la ley de Reforma Educativa creó un mecanismo de participación denominado Consejos Educativos de Pueblos Originarios (CEPOs) para : "participar en la formulación de políticas educativas, lingüísticas y culturales de alcance nacional y particularmente las que involucren a los pueblos originarios?" Jiménez 2005:210). En este marco, la investigación indagó sobre la contribución de los Pueblos Indígenas, a través de los CEPOs al fortalecimiento del proceso de Gobernabilidad, en el campo de la Política de EIB, en un contexto de altísima peculiaridad política, étnica y social como es Bolivia. Esta investigación tiene la pretensión de servir como ilustración para una reflexión más amplia en torno al tema de la participación de "las minorías" en el desarrollo de Políticas Sociales en países con altos niveles de exclusión y pobreza como Bolivia, para de esta forma contribuir a mejorar la calidad de la Gobernabilidad. Para conseguir tal fin, se sustentó la investigación sobre dos ejes teóricos principales: a) Gobernabilidad como sinergia entre Gobierno y Sociedad Civil (en este caso, Pueblos Indígenas) y b) Política Social Educativa. Además, se abordó la investigación principalmente a través de dos técnicas de recolección de datos de la metodología cualitativa: la etnografía y las entrevistas en profundidad semiestructuradas, sin dejar de lado el análisis de documentos secundarios.
Invasión de Estados Unidos a Irak análisis de las fallas de política exterior de Estados Unidos (2003-2006)
Authors:   , Martínez León Sandra Liliana
Published: July 2022

Actualmente se observa como las potencias y los países cuyas capacidades se lo permiten, tratan de buscar nuevas fórmulas para salvaguardar y promover sus intereses frente al resto de los Estados. Tras los ataques del 11 de septiembre de 2.001 el gobierno de los Estados Unidos inició un nuevo camino orientado a la elaboración de una política exterior que le permitirá seguir siendo el actor hegemónico del Sistema Internacional, así como las estrategias para salvaguardar sus intereses. En este contexto se da importancia a la intervención del Poder Ejecutivo dentro de la administración de George W. Bush, imponiéndose ante el Congreso por medio de la figura presidencial, quien es quien ejecuta dicha política internacional, siendo el Comandante en Jefe de las fuerzas Armadas y la cabeza visible de los Estados Unidos hacia el Mundo. Dando ello lugar a la definición de los más controvertidos y equivocados lineamientos de política exterior al decidir emprender la ofensiva contra Irak en el año 2003. En el presente trabajo se presentará una crítica a la nueva política y estrategia de los Estados Unidos, bajo la perspectiva de un nuevo orden mundial, donde la preponderancia de esta gran potencia sea incuestionable.
Efecto de los gastos tributarios sobre la equidad en el sistema tributario colombiano
Authors:   , Morales Sierra Juan Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Los Gastos Tributarios, aquel grupo de exenciones, deducciones o tratamientos especiales en los códigos tributarios, pueden ser utilizados como instrumentos de política económica con el objetivo de estimular ciertos sectores o actividades económicas de un país. En Colombia, dichos instrumentos se han aplicado de manera indiscriminada, especialmente desde la década de los sesentas, como consecuencia principalmente de la presión de diversos grupos de interés. Independientemente que hayan logrado o no sus objetivos de política, este trabajo demuestra que en el período 1993-2010, los Gastos Tributarios han reducido la equidad general, sectorial, horizontal y vertical del sistema tributario colombiano.
Persistencia de la rentabilidad de las carteras colectivas en Colombia : caso renta variable
Authors:   , Navia Cardona Julián David
Published: July 2022

En este trabajo se desarrolla un análisis empírico de la persistencia de la rentabilidad de las carteras colectivas invertidas en acciones que cotizan en la bolsa de valores de Colombia (BVC) para periodos trimestrales comprendidos entre el 2006 y el 2012. Como medidas de desempeño se utilizan el índice de Sharpe, la razón de Treynor, el alpha de Jensen y un índice novedoso desarrollado por Ferruz y Sarto (2004) perteneciente a la familia del índice de Sharpe. Como técnicas de análisis de persistencia se utiliza una metodología paramétrica como el análisis de las regresiones en las series de tiempo y una metodología no paramétrica como lo es las tablas de contingencia y estadísticos de contraste. Los resultados muestran que para el periodo muestral en estudio, no existe evidencia de persistencia en la rentabilidad de las carteras colectivas invertidas por lo menos en un 60% en acciones colombianas.
Evaluación in vitro de hongos nematofagos sobre larvas L3 de nematodos gastrointestinales de bovinos
Authors:   , González Osorio Elsa Victoria
Published: July 2022

La creciente contaminación ambiental, la presencia de residuos de químicos en alimentos de origen animal y el desarrollo de resistencia a los antihelmínticos por el uso inadecuado de los compuestos antiparasitarios, imponen la búsqueda de alternativas no químicas para el control de los nematodos gastrointestinales de bovinos. Una de ellas es el control biológico, empleando hongos nematófagos. Para superar la insostenibilidad del control tradicional de los parásitos se efectuó este estudio, cuyo propósito fue aislar e identificar, a partir de muestras de suelo, hongos que demostraran capacidad de atrapar larvas L3 de nematodos gastrointestinales de bovinos, evaluar in vitro esa capacidad nematófaga, determinar si eran capaces o no de resistir un proceso de digestión artificial y si sobrevivían luego del paso por el tracto gastrointestinal de bovinos. Se procesaron muestras de suelo de fincas localizadas en Cundinamarca y Boyacá. Se identificaron seis aislamientos: cuatro de Arthrobotrys. oligospora y dos de Arthrobotrys. musiformis. La capacidad nematófaga in vitro de estos hongos se evaluó enfrentando larvas L3 de nematodos gastrointestinales a una concentración de 1x106 conidios de A. oligospora ó clamidosporas de A. musiformis, presentando éste último el mayor porcentaje (94.56%) de captura de larvas. Ni conidios ni clamidosporas viables se observaron luego de la prueba de digestión artificial; sin embargo, sí se recuperó A. musiformis de las heces del ternero tratado con clamidosporas; por esta razón se postula este hongo como un potencial agente de control biológico de nematodos gastrointestinales de bovinos en Colombia.
Evaluación del programa ahorro voluntario contractual del FNA para la financiación de vivienda digna de los trabajadores informales (Mayo 2007-2010)
Authors:   , Alarcón Reina Diana Rocío
Published: July 2022

La investigación permite realizar una evaluación al programa social del Estado Ahorro Voluntario Contractual liderado por el Fondo Nacional del Ahorro, enmarcado en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2006-2010 y pretende validar la incidencia de la financiación de vivienda del FNA a través del programa de Ahorro Voluntario en el goce efectivo del derecho de vivienda digna de las familias del sector informal de la economía entre mayo 2007 y mayo de 2010.
Study of the human humoral inmune response against rotavirus
Authors:   , Herrera Rodríguez Daniel Felipe
Published: July 2022

Las vacunas conntra RV son menos eficaces en países con una alta mortalidad por este patógeno ; la falta de un correlato de protección inmunológico adecuado dificulta desarrlllar nuevas vacunas. La inmuglobina secretora (SLg) circulante evalúa indirectamente la Ig intestigal. La RV-Slg sérica fue medida por ELISA en 50 niños vacunados con RIX4414 y 62 niños que recibieron placebo, y correlacionó con protección cuando los grupos se analizaron conjuntamente. La RV-SLg podría ser un correlato de protección valioso. Entender la relación entre las células B de memoria n(cBm) y la memoria serológica contribuye a identificar correlatos de protección. Las RV-cBm están enriquecidas en subpoblaciones asociadas con algunas enfermedades autoinmunes. En pacientes tratados con Rituximab (RTX), ciertos autoanticuerpos (autoAcs) disminuyen, pero no la IgC específica patógenos ; entonces, la memoria serológica podría depender del antígeno y/o isotipo del Ac estudiado. Se evaluaron las cBm y los Acs totales y específicos de RV y toxoide tetánico (TT) circulantes y algunos autoAcs en pacientes con autoinmunidad antes y después de recibir RTX. Luego del tratamiento, las cBm totales y específicas de RV y TT disminuyeron significativamente. La IgM total se redujo significativamente más que la IgA e IgG total, así como los autoAcs evaluados, mientras que los Acs específicos de RV y TT permanecieron sin cambios. En conclusión, la memoria serológica contra RV y TT depende probablemente de células plasmáticas de larga vida; además, buena parte de la IgM total y la memoria serológica contra algunos autoantígenos es probablemente mantenida por células plasmáticas de corta vida dependientes de las cBm.
Analysis of Growth Phases of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Reveals a Distinct Transition Phase before Entry into Early Stationary Phase with Shifts in Tryptophan, Fucose, and Putrescine Metabolism and Degradation of Neurotransmitter Precursors
Authors: Joffré Enrique , Xiao Xue , Correia Mário S. P. , Nookaew Intawat , Sasse Samantha , Globisch Daniel , Zhu Baoli , Sjöling Åsa
Published: July 2022

We show that
E. coli
, exemplified by the pathogenic subspecies enterotoxigenic
E. coli
(ETEC), undergoes a stepwise transcriptional and metabolic transition into the stationary phase. At a specific entry point,
E. coli
induces activation and repression of specific pathways.
Weak-decay searches for $$Qs{\bar{u}}{\bar{d}}$$ tetraquarks
Authors: Yu Fu-Sheng
Published: July 2022

We propose to search for the open heavy-flavor exotic states with the quark components of $$Qs{\bar{u}}{\bar{d}}$$

Q
s

u

¯

d

¯

with $$Q=b,c$$

Q
=
b
,
c

via their weak decays. If there exist such exotic states below the BK or DK thresholds, they can only decay weakly. The advantages include: (i) the experimental backgrounds from the secondary decay vertex are much lower due to the long lifetimes, (ii) the productions are large enough for only one heavy quark in such states, (iii) the thresholds of BK or DK are about 260 MeV higher compared to the $$B_s\pi $$

B
s

π

or $$D_s\pi $$

D
s

π

thresholds of the configurations of $$Qu{\bar{s}}{\bar{d}}$$

Q
u

s

¯

d

¯

or $$Qd{\bar{s}}{\bar{u}}$$

Q
d

s

¯

u

¯

, with a higher possibility to exist such weakly-decay particles, and (iv) if observed, their inner structures are easier understood since they can not be induced by the kinematic effects.
Lepton flavor violating decays $$l_j\rightarrow {l_i\gamma }$$ in the $$U(1)_X$$SSM model within the mass insertion approximation
Authors: Wang Tong-Tong , Zhao Shu-Min , Zhang Jian-Fei , Dong Xing-Xing , Feng Tai-Fu
Published: July 2022

Three singlet new Higgs superfields and right-handed neutrinos are added to MSSM to obtain $$U(1)_X$$

U

(
1
)

X

SSM model. Its local gauge group is $$SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y \times U(1)_X$$

S
U

(
3
)

C

×
S
U

(
2
)

L

×
U

(
1
)

Y

×
U

(
1
)

X

. In the framework of $$U(1)_X$$

U

(
1
)

X

SSM, we study muon anomalous magnetic moment and lepton flavor violating decays $$l_j\rightarrow {l_i\gamma }(j=2,3;i=1,2)$$

l
j

→

l
i

γ

(
j
=
2
,
3
;
i
=
1
,
2
)

within the mass insertion approximation (MIA). Through the MIA method, we can find the parameters that directly affect the analytical result of the lepton flavor violating decays $$l_j\rightarrow {l_i\gamma }$$

l
j

→

l
i

γ

, which make our work more convenient. We want to provide a set of simple analytic formulas for the form factors and the associated effective vertices, that may be very useful for future phenomenological studies of the lepton flavor violating decays. According to the accuracy of the numerical results which the influence of different sensitive parameters, we come to the conclusion that the non-diagonal elements which correspond to the generations of the initial lepton and final lepton are main sensitive parameters and lepton flavor violation (LFV) sources. This work can provide a clear signal of new physics (NP).
Characterizations for the Core Invertibility and EP-ness Involving Projections
Authors: Zou Honglin , Cvetković-Ilić Dragana , Chen Jianlong , Zuo Kezheng
Published: July 2022

In this paper we obtain some equivalent conditions for the core invertibility and EP-ness of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] are projections in different settings, such as ∗-rings, ∗-reducing rings and [Formula: see text]-algebras. Moreover, several representations for the core inverses of product, difference and sum of two generalized projections are derived. In particular, a number of examples are given to illustrate our results.
On Some Numerical Semigroup Transforms
Authors: Cisto Carmelo
Published: July 2022

In this paper we introduce a particular semigroup transform [Formula: see text] that fixes the invariants involved in Wilf's conjecture, except the embedding dimension. It also allows one to arrange the set of non-ordinary and non-irreducible numerical semigroups in a family of rooted trees. In addition, we study another transform, having similar features, that has been introduced by Bras-Amorós, and we make a comparison of them. In particular, we study the behavior of the embedding dimension under the action of such transforms, providing some consequences concerning Wilf's conjecture.
Towards Enhancing Virtual Museums by Contextualizing Art through Interactive Visualizations
Authors: Meinecke Christofer , Hall Chris , Jänicke Stefan
Published: July 2022

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, public spaces such as museums and art galleries are experiencing increased demands to offer virtual online access. While current solutions seek to replace or augment a real visit, online tours often suffer from being too passive and lack in-depth interactivity to keep virtual visitors meaningfully engaged with an exhibition. Museums and art galleries seeking to broaden and engage their audience more deeply should offer intriguing experiences that invite the visitor to explore, to be entertained, and to learn by interacting with the content. We propose a novel virtual museum experience that utilizes multiple visualizations to contextualize a gallery’s digitized artworks with related artworks from large image archives. We make use of the WikiArt dataset that includes more than 200,000 images and offers diverse metadata used for comparative visual exploration. In addition, we apply machine learning methods to extract multifaceted information about the objects detected in the images and to compute similarities across them. Visitors of our virtual museum can interactively explore the artworks using different search filters such as artist, style, or object classes detected within an image. The results are displayed through interactive visualizations offering different perspectives on artwork collections, leading to serendipitous discoveries and stimulating new insights. The utility of our concept was confirmed by an informal evaluation with virtual museum visitors.
Comparing Practical Spectral Imaging Methods for Cultural Heritage Studio Photography
Authors: Kuzio Olivia , Farnand Susan
Published: July 2022

Two practical methods for implementing spectral imaging within the framework of museum studio photography were investigated. Imaging was carried out using a consumer RGB digital camera paired with either (1) colored glass filters and a broadband source or (2) optimized multichannel LED illumination, yielding five or six spectral image bands, respectively. Color targets were used to develop and verify profiles for transforming between the multiband camera signals and final color managed images. The filter-based and LED-based profiles were assessed quantitatively for color accuracy using color difference statistics, and several paintings were imaged and rendered using the profiles as a visual demonstration of the differences. While both were superior to conventional RGB imaging, the LED-based method outperformed the filter-based method for accurate reproduction of independent data. This supplements practicality and cost considerations that are informing the development of accessible spectral imaging strategies for highly color accurate museum studio photography.
Inpainting Digital Dunhuang Murals with Structure-Guided Deep Network
Authors: Zhou Zhiheng , Liu Xinran , Shang Junyuan , Huang Junchu , Li Zhihao , Jia Haiping
Published: July 2022

Inpainting deteriorated regions in digital Dunhuang murals is important for Dunhuang mural content preservation. Algorithms of mural image inpainting help simplify the digital restoration process of the deteriorated murals. Most of the existing algorithms can restore plausible content for homogeneous missing regions in Dunhuang mural images. However, they often fail to fill accurate color in missing regions that contain complex structures, which is mainly due to the neglect of color relevance between positions in the missing structural region and the non-missing color regions. In this article, we propose a deep learning–based, structure-guided inpainting method for the Dunhuang mural image, which utilizes relevant color information in deep features to improve the color inpainting quality for structural regions. Specifically, we design a structure-guided feature refinement module, which explicitly leverages color relevance implied in structure information to select relevant features for refining features in the missing region. In addition, we propose a multi-step scheme for feature refinement to better propagate non-missing region feature information to the missing region. We conduct experiments on Dunhuang660 and Dunhuang No. 7 Grotto datasets. The results demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve improved color inpainting quality for missing structural regions in Dunhuang mural images.
Morphological Operations on Unorganized Point Clouds Using
Octree
Graphs
Authors: De Paiva Pedro Victor Vieira , Dezen-Kempter Eloisa , Carvalho Marco
Published: July 2022

Point clouds resulting from digital scanning are increasingly being used in the heritage field to create knowledge-based models, such as
building information models (BIM)
. Nevertheless, the use of digital image processing techniques in point cloud unorganized data is not well explored yet because of the lack of information about point adjacency and corresponding difficulty in structuring and manipulating data. In this study we propose an approach to deal with image processing-like mathematical morphological operations in unorganized point cloud using the
octree
graph. Our method consists of three main steps, namely: (i) computing the best distance value between points in the cloud; (ii) constructing an
octree
from point cloud; and (iii) producing a graph using rectangular layout. We exemplify the use of the proposed methodology performing morphological operations in grayscale and color point clouds of historical buildings. Results prove the effectiveness of the
octree
representation, which can efficiently generate an adjacency map, demonstrated by the resulting images, and has the potential to be applied at different areas of 3D data analysis.
Upcoming SIGWEB supported conferences
Authors: Roßner Daniel
Published: July 2022

The Special Interest Group on Hypertext and the Web, SIGWEB was created in 1989 to support the community participating in the annual ACM Hypertext Conference. In its fourth decade, SIGWEB continues its efforts to support a wide range of communities and eight annual conferences. SIGWEB supports several specialized conferences, short courses, and workshops of different sizes, as well as the annual Hypertext Conference. SIGWEB sponsored conferences focus on timely topics in applied and computational hypertext and Web disciplines and provide a place for members and the entire applied Hypermedia and Web community to exchange ideas and to meet with and expand their network of colleagues. In this article, we provide a brief overview of SIGWEB sponsored conferences, in addition to events that are in cooperation with SIGWEB.
Exploring Partially Overlapping Channels for Low-power Wide Area Networks
Authors: Wang Lu , Qi Xiaoke , Huang Ruifeng , Wu Kaishun , Zhang Qian
Published: July 2022

Supporting a massive amount of Internet of Things applications requires a large pool of spectrum. DSM is a promising ecosystem to improve the spectrum efficiency. In the era of LoRaWAN, the physical hardware constraints, along with the bandwidth-hungry applications pose new challenges. In this article, we investigate a novel deep-reinforcement-learning-based spectrum-sharing paradigm, termed Intelligent Overlapping, that explores partially overlapping channels for concurrent spectrum access in LoRaWAN. Our key insight is to leverage the coding redundancy to expand the available spectrum without complicated data processing algorithms. In particular, we learn the extra coding redundancy from the data on the non-overlapping spectrum via a deep-Q-learning network, and we apply such redundancy to recover the data on the overlapping spectrum. In the Media Access Control layer, we predict the channel condition and strategically learn and assign the appropriate overlapping portion to the concurrent access end devices. In the Physical layer, we harness interleaving to randomize the mutual interference to ensure that all the data remains decodable. Simulation results demonstrate that Intelligent Overlapping greatly improves the spectrum efficiency with a fast convergence rate compared to the conventional DSM mechanisms.
Revisiting Iso-Recursive Subtyping
Authors: Zhou Yaoda , Zhao Jinxu , Oliveira Bruno C. D. S.
Published: July 2022

The Amber rules are well-known and widely used for subtyping iso-recursive types. They were first briefly and informally introduced in 1985 by Cardelli in a manuscript describing the Amber language. Despite their use over many years, important aspects of the metatheory of the iso-recursive style Amber rules have not been studied in depth or turn out to be quite challenging to formalize.

This article aims to revisit the problem of subtyping iso-recursive types. We start by introducing a novel declarative specification for Amber-style iso-recursive subtyping. Informally, the specification states that two recursive types are subtypes
if all their finite unfoldings are subtypes
. The Amber rules are shown to have equivalent expressive power to this declarative specification. We then show two variants of
sound
,
complete
and
decidable
algorithmic formulations of subtyping with respect to the declarative specification, which employ the idea of
double unfoldings
. Compared to the Amber rules, the double unfolding rules have the advantage of: (1) being modular; (2) not requiring reflexivity to be built in; (3) leading to an easy proof of transitivity of subtyping; and (4) being easily applicable to subtyping relations that are not antisymmetric (such as subtyping relations with record types). This work sheds new insights on the theory of subtyping iso-recursive types, and the new rules based on double unfoldings have important advantages over the original Amber rules involving recursive types. All results are mechanically formalized in the Coq theorem prover.
CSEdResearch.org
Authors: McGill Monica
Published: July 2022

Need some ideas for tackling research problems that are critical for K-12 teachers who teach CS? Our next webinar will highlight many problems of practice that K-12 teachers experience in the classroom. Speaker Dr. Michelle Friend will be covering results from our recent study on problems of practice, in which we received nearly 400 responses from teachers around the world. We will also be bringing 2-3 K-12 teachers into this discussion to provide authentic context to these problems and to answer your questions.
Enhancement of Ammonia Sensors Using In2O3 Sensing Electrode by Adjusting Particle Size and NiCo2O4 Reference Electrode
Authors: Yang Lin , Wu Chunping , Zhang Yiran , Xiao Bang , Jiao Anqi , Li Ke , Chen Ting , Zhan Reggie , Lin He
Published: July 2022

A mixed potential ammonia sensor using In2O3 sensing electrode was prepared, and its sensing performance was enhanced by adjusting particle size with calcination heating rate as well as the utilization of NiCo2O4 reference electrode. It was found that the sensor with a calcination heating rate of 2 °C min−1 had the best performance, with a sensitivity of −61.27 mV decade−1 at 525 °C, and the TEM results showed that the average particle size was 70.36 nm. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited good stability against oxygen concentration fluctuation. The results also indicated that the mixed potential has a linear relationship with the logarithm of NH3 concentration, suggesting that the ammonia sensors in this study conform to the mixed potential theory. To address the issue that most ammonia sensors are susceptible to NO2 interference, NiCo2O4 was used as reference electrode to replace the Pt reference electrode, which could greatly offset the response of NO2 and improve the sensors selectivity. In summary, the developed In2O3/YSZ/NiCo2O4 sensor exhibited a great potential for NH3 monitoring in SCR systems.
Study on the Precursor Characteristics of Instability Failure of Gas-Bearing Coal Based on Stress and Gas Seepage Volume
Authors: Xie Hui , Ma Yankun , Liu Xiaofei , Li Jinduo , Gao Ang , Du Zinan
Published: July 2022

In coal mining activities, the original stress of the coal body changes, resulting in structural deformation and destruction, which will cause changes in gas seepage volume. The conventional triaxial loading test was carried out by using the triaxial loading-gas adsorption seepage experimental device. The effects of different loading rates, confining pressures, and gas pressures on the peak strength of coal were analyzed; the evolution laws of coal stress, gas seepage volume, stress rate, and gas seepage volume rate at different deformation stages were studied; and it was found that the time, at which the specimen began to enter the crack propagation deformation stage, determined by the change of gas seepage rate or stress rate was not the same. Therefore, combined with gas seepage and stress, a theoretical model of stress rate-seepage volume rate under triaxial pressure was proposed, and the ratio

F

of the two was used as an early warning index. It was found that the

F

value was basically stable in the elastic stage and decreased rapidly in the crack propagation stage. Thus, the

F

value was used as an early warning index for the instability and failure of gas-bearing coal. The

F

value of the experimental results was consistent with the theoretical model, and the

F

value entered the crack propagation stage earlier than the stress rate or the gas seepage volume rate. The research results provided a theoretical basis for coal mine safety mining and disaster prevention.
Emerging Delivery Strategies of Platelet-Rich Plasma with Hydrogels for Wound Healing
Authors: Zhang Ya , Wang Zi-Lin , Deng Ze-Peng , Wang Zi-Li , Song Fei , Zhu Li-Li
Published: July 2022

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a platelet-rich plasma concentrate obtained from whole blood, has been widely used to treat wounds due to its high contents of growth factors that can not only play a role in the hemostasis, repair, and anti-infection of wounds but also promote cell proliferation, maturation, and angiogenesis. However, after PRP activation, its clinical effect was limited because of burst and uncontrolled release of growth factors and poor mechanical properties of PRP gels. In recent years, increasing attention has been moved to the loading and sustained release of growth factors in PRP by polymeric carriers. Hydrogels, as an interesting carrier, enable controlled delivery of growth factors by structural designs. Moreover, using hydrogels to encapsulate PRP is favorable to controlling the mechanical properties and water maintenance of PRP gels, which can provide a stable and moist wound repair environment to promote coordinated operations of skin tissue cells and cytokines as well as wound healing. In this review, the state of the art of hydrogels that have been used to load PRP for wound treatments is introduced, and further prospects in the research area are proposed.
Mechanoregulation of Metastasis beyond the Matrix
Authors: Er Ekrem Emrah , Tello-Lafoz Maria , Huse Morgan
Published: July 2022

Epithelial transformation and carcinogenesis are characterized by profound alterations in cell mechanics that significantly affect multiple steps of the metastatic cascade. The ability of cancer cells to grow in the primary tumor, to locally invade through the confining extracellular matrix, to survive in circulation, and to extravasate into distant vital organs all depend on specific mechanical characteristics. Importantly, recent studies have shown that the mechanical properties of cancer cells also influence their interactions with immune and stromal cells. Here, we discuss the mechanical changes that cancer cells undergo during metastasis, how these changes affect immune and stromal responses, and the implications of these new insights for therapeutic intervention.
Unrelated Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Relapsed/Refractory AML: Widening the Yellow Brick Road
Authors: Adrianzen-Herrera Diego A. , Shastri Aditi
Published: July 2022

A sizable proportion of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) fail to achieve remission. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only intervention with potential of long-term survival. A recent Acute Leukemia Working Party (ALWP)/European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) analysis reports substantial posttransplant survival gains for patients with active disease who received transplants. Decreased relapse was the largest contributor to survival, a cause for optimism in this challenging population.

See related article by Nagler et al., p. 4258
FGFR4-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptors Combined with Anti-Myeloid Polypharmacy Effectively Treat Orthotopic Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Sullivan Peter M. , Kumar Rajesh , Li Wei , Hoglund Virginia , Wang Lingyan , Zhang Yue , Shi Megan , Beak Dusan , Cheuk Adam , Jensen Michael C. , Khan Javed , Dimitrov Dimiter S. , Orentas Rimas J.
Published: July 2022

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue cancer in children. Treatment outcomes, particularly for relapsed/refractory or metastatic disease, have not improved in decades. The current lack of novel therapies and low tumor mutational burden suggest that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy could be a promising approach to treating RMS. Previous work identified FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4, CD334) as being specifically upregulated in RMS, making it a candidate target for CAR T cells. We tested the feasibility of an FGFR4-targeted CAR for treating RMS using an NSG mouse with RH30 orthotopic (intramuscular) tumors. The first barrier we noted was that RMS tumors produce a collagen-rich stroma, replete with immunosuppressive myeloid cells, when T-cell therapy is initiated. This stromal response is not seen in tumor-only xenografts. When scFV-based binders were selected from phage display, CARs targeting FGFR4 were not effective until our screening approach was refined to identify binders to the membrane-proximal domain of FGFR4. Having improved the CAR, we devised a pharmacologic strategy to augment CAR T-cell activity by inhibiting the myeloid component of the T-cell–induced tumor stroma. The combined treatment of mice with anti-myeloid polypharmacy (targeting CSF1R, IDO1, iNOS, TGFbeta, PDL1, MIF, and myeloid misdifferentiation) allowed FGFR4 CAR T cells to successfully clear orthotopic RMS tumors, demonstrating that RMS tumors, even with very low copy-number targets, can be targeted by CAR T cells upon reversal of an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Distinct Predictive Immunogenomic Profiles of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and IL2: A Real-world Evidence Study of Patients with Advanced Renal Cancer
Authors: Eisner Joel R. , Beebe Kirk D. , Mayhew Gregory M. , Shibata Yoichiro , Guo Yuelong , Farhangfar Carol , Farhangfar Farhang , Uronis Joshua M. , Mooney Jill , Milburn Michael V. , Foureau David , White Richard L. , Amin Asim , Milla Marcos E.
Published: July 2022

Recombinant human high-dose IL2 (HD-IL2; aldesleukin) was one of the first approved immune-oncology agents based upon clinical activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and metastatic melanoma but use was limited due to severe toxicity. Next-generation IL2 agents designed to improve tolerability are in development, increasing the need for future identification of genomic markers of clinical benefit and/or clinical response. In this retrospective study, we report clinical and tumor molecular profiling from patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) treated with HD-IL2 and compare findings with patients with RCC treated with anti-PD-1 therapy. Genomic characteristics common and unique to IL2 and/or anti-PD-1 therapy response are presented, with insight into rational combination strategies for these agents.

Residual pretreatment formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor samples from n = 36 patients with HD-IL2 mRCC underwent RNA-sequencing and corresponding clinical data were collected. A de novo 40-gene nearest centroid IL2 treatment response classifier and individual gene and/or immune marker signature differences were correlated to clinical response and placed into context with a separate dataset of n = 35 patients with anti-PD-1 mRCC.

Immune signatures and genes, comprising suppressor and effector cells, were increased in patients with HD-IL2 clinical benefit. The 40-gene response classifier was also highly enriched for immune genes. While several effector immune signatures and genes were common between IL2 and anti-PD-1 treated patients, multiple inflammatory and/or immunosuppressive genes, previously reported to predict poor response to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy, were only increased in IL2–responsive tumors.

These findings suggest that common and distinct immune-related response markers for IL2 and anti-PD-1 therapy may help guide their use, either alone or in combination.

Significance:

Next-generation IL2 agents, designed for improved tolerability over traditional HD-IL2 (aldesleukin), are in clinical development. Retrospective molecular tumor profiling of patients treated with HD-IL2 or anti-PD-1 therapy provides insights into genomic characteristics of therapy response. This study revealed common and distinct immune-related predictive response markers for IL2 and anti-PD-1 therapy which may play a role in therapy guidance, and rational combination strategies for these agents.
Risk Factors for Nonattendance in Delusional Infestation: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Kemperman Patrick , Wennekers Mèdelyn , Lepping Peter , Bewley Anthony , Aboalkaz Sara , Kazmi Ahmed , Waalboer-Spuij Rick
Published: July 2022

Background: Nonattendance is common among patients suffering from delusional infestation (DI) with a risk factor for poorer patient outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate and predictors of nonattendance among patients presenting to a psychodermatology department with DI and the subsequent effect on the success of prescribing new antipsychotics. Methods: Data of 265 patients were reviewed of the Amsterdam UMC, the Erasmus University Medical Center, the Royal London Hospital, and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine between January 2008 and October 2019. Results: We observed that among the patients who attended the first consultation, 57% (n = 144) did not attend their second visit. Recreational drug use was significantly higher in the nonattendance group compared to the attendance group (25% against 18%). Patients who had a history of previously prescribed antipsychotics at the time of the first consultation were less likely to get prescribed antipsychotics from the psychodermatology departments for DI; however, prescribing antipsychotic drugs by the psychodermatology department did not influence nonattendance significantly. Conclusions: People suffering from DI are at high risk of nonattendance, even in specialist settings. Patients with current illicit drug use and younger patients are particularly at risk of this.
Changes in Pulmonary Function Test Results and Respiratory Symptoms before and after Airway Stent Removal
Authors: Oki Masahide , Handa Hiroshi , Saka Hideo , Kogure Yoshihito , Niwa Hideyuki , Yamada Arisa , Torii Atsushi , Ando Masahiko , Mineshita Masamichi
Published: July 2022

Background: Airway stenting is a useful form of palliation for patients with airway stenosis/fistulas; the stent can be removed after addressing the cause of the airway disorder. Patients with airway stents often complain of coughing and difficulty with expectoration, so the use of such stents can negatively affect pulmonary function and worsen symptoms. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms before and after stent removal. Methods: Patients who would later undergo simple airway stent removal were prospectively recruited in two institutions. All stents were removed using both rigid and flexible bronchoscopes with patients under general anesthesia. Pulmonary function tests were performed before stent removal and at 1 and 4 weeks after stent removal. All patients self-reported their respiratory symptoms using a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Of the 31 patients enrolled, 28 (23 with malignant stenoses, 3 with benign stenoses, and 2 with fistulas [21 silicone and 7 metallic stents]) were included in analyses. Pulmonary function measurements before stent removal and at 1 and 4 weeks after stent removal were as follows: vital capacity, 3.00, 3.04, and 3.08 L (p = 0.387); forced expiratory volume in 1 s, 1.96, 1.96, and 2.12 L (p = 0.034); and peak expiratory flow, 3.60, 4.28, and 5.06 L/s, respectively (p < 0.001). Symptoms (cough, sputum production, difficulty with expectoration, and dyspnea) evaluated using the VAS improved significantly after stent removal. No complications were encountered during removal. Conclusion: Removal of unnecessary airway stents improves pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms. Any stent that is no longer functioning should be removed.
O impacto da automação da fenotipagem eritrocitária estendida na rotina de um serviço de hemoterapia
Authors: Carneiro Luciana Corrêa , Brito Junior Lacy Cardoso de , Amaral Carlos Eduardo de Melo
Published: July 2022

Objetivos. Avaliar o impacto da automação na fenotipagem eritrocitária expandida e o nível de concordância dessa com a metodologia manual em amostras de doadores de sangue atendidos no hemocentro coordenador da Fundação Hemopa no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2019. Material e Métodos. Foram analisadas 2.700 fenotipagens eritrocitárias realizadas por metodologia manual e automatizada através do equipamento IH500 da BioRad®. Os resultados foram testados quanto ao nível de concordância através do teste de Coeficiente Kappa. Resultados. Das amostras fenotipadas 98,6% (2.662/2.700) foram concordantes em ambas as metodologias e apenas 1,4% (38/2700) foram discordantes. Das 38 amostras discordantes 31,6% referiram-se ao fenótipo Lu(b); 15,8% ao fenótipo Lu(a); 13,1% ao fenótipo Fy(b); 7,9% aos fenótipos Le(b), E, c; 5,3% aos fenótipos N, S, s, Kp(a), P1; e 2,6% aos fenótipos M, Jk(a), Jk(b), Fy(a). Conclusões. O nível de concordância entre os dados obtidos através das técnicas de fenotipagem eritrocitária manual e automatizada foi de 98,6%. Já a implantação dessa metodologia teve um impacto positivo com o aumento em 1.649 amostras processadas a mais em relação ao mesmo período do ano anterior.
Índice de massa corporal, nutrição e atividade física em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down
Authors: Ramos João Victor Brincas , Nascimento Isabela do Prado , Gomes Charles da Silva , Kalkmann Gabriela Ferreira , Santo Jéssica Aline do Espírito , Novadzki Iolanda Maria , Bermudez Beatriz Elizabeth Bagatin Veleda
Published: July 2022

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever e comparar hábito nutricional, prática de atividade física e índice de massa corporal (IMC) de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down acompanhados em ambulatório especializado de um hospital terciário no sul do Brasil. Método: Estudo transversal realizado a partir da análise de prontuário de pacientes com síndrome de Down em idade escolar e adolescentes acompanhados em ambulatório especializado do Complexo Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná. A alimentação foi considerada adequada se consistisse em alimentos de todos os grupos nas três refeições principais e um ou dois lanches e água nos intervalos. Sedentarismo foi definido como tempo de atividade física inferior a 300 minutos por semana. O estado nutricional foi avaliado usando as curvas de IMC da Organização Mundial da Saúde, 2007. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 755 pacientes, sendo 236 (31,3%) crianças e 519 (68,7%) adolescentes. Sobrepeso e obesidade foram observados em 10,7% e 14,8% da população, respectivamente, sem diferença significativa entre os gêneros. Alimentação inadequada foi observada em 34,6% e sedentarismo em 23,7% dos pacientes. IMC elevado foi observado em 20,3% das crianças e 27,9% dos adolescentes (p=0,026). Observou-se sedentarismo em 29,5% dos adolescentes e 11% das crianças (p<0,001). Alimentação inadequada também foi mais prevalente em adolescentes, porém sem diferença estatística. Pacientes com IMC elevado, em comparação com eutróficos, tiveram maior prevalência de alimentação inadequada e sedentarismo, com significância estatística. Nesse subgrupo, o sedentarismo foi observado em 25% das crianças e 57,2% dos adolescentes (p<0,001). Conclusão: Adolescentes com síndrome de Down apresentam maiores taxas de IMC elevado e sedentarismo comparados com crianças. Estudos específicos em educação em saúde para essa população são necessários com o objetivo de promover hábitos de vida saudáveis e prevenir a obesidade com efetividade.
Cardiovascular Safety Reporting in Contemporary Breast Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Hamid Arsalan , Anker Markus S. , Ruckdeschel John C. , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Tharwani Arsal , Oshunbade Adebamike A. , Kipchumba Rodney K. , Thigpen Samuel C. , Anker Stefan D. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hall Michael E. , Butler Javed
Published: July 2022

Background

Several cancer therapies have been associated with cardiovascular harm in early‐phase clinical trials. However, some cardiovascular harms do not manifest until later‐phase trials. To limit interdisease variability, we focused on breast cancer. Thus, we assessed the reporting of cardiovascular safety monitoring and outcomes in phase 2 and 3 contemporary breast cancer clinical trials.

Methods and Results

We searched Embase and Medline records for phase 2 and 3 breast cancer pharmacotherapy trials. We examined exclusion criterion as a result of cardiovascular conditions, adverse cardiovascular event reporting, and cardiovascular safety assessment through cardiovascular imaging, ECG, troponin, or natriuretic peptides. Fisher's exact test was utilized to compare reporting. Fifty clinical trials were included in our study. Patients were excluded because of cardiovascular conditions in 42 (84%) trials. Heart failure was a frequent exclusion criterion (n=31; 62% trials). Adverse cardiovascular events were reported in 43 (86%) trials. Cardiovascular safety assessments were not reported in 23 (46%) trials, whereas natriuretic peptide and troponin assessments were not reported in any trial. Cardiovascular safety assessments were more frequently reported in industry‐funded trials (69.2% versus 0.0%;
P
<0.001), and in trials administering targeted/immunotherapy agents compared with only hormonal/conventional chemotherapy (78.6% versus 22.7%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate significant under‐representation of patients with cardiovascular conditions or prevalent cardiovascular disease in contemporary later‐phase breast cancer trials. Additionally, cardiovascular safety is not routinely monitored in these trials. Therefore, contemporary breast cancer clinical trials may possibly underestimate the cardiovascular risks of cancer pharmacotherapy agents for use in clinical practice.