bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life After Life: Bioarchaeology and Post-mortem Agency
Authors: Arnold Bettina
Published: November 2014

In the alternative fairy tale The Princess Bride, as William Goldman's character Miracle Max reanimates the apparent corpse of the hero Westley, he tells the anxious group observing the procedure: ‘There's a big difference between mostly dead and all dead. Mostly dead is slightly alive’ (Goldman 2007, 313). Only a select group of the dead can be characterized as being ‘slightly alive’, in the post-mortem agency sense, however, and the case studies presented here explore the many ways in which this subcategory of mostly dead individuals have engaged with and continue to impact the living in the past as well as today. Several themes emerge as especially salient: the iteration in the death-scape of the dynamic tension between the individual and the social group, which can result in transgression as well as conformity in the disposition of the body and its effects on the living; the symbolic capital represented by some dead bodies and the ways in which their potency may be affected by various forms of contextual association; and the ways in which the manipulation of the dead for political purposes is subject to constraints specific to the cultural contexts in which these interactions take place.
Cognitive Requirements for Ochre Use in the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa
Authors: Hodgskiss Tammy
Published: November 2014

Ochre is found at many Middle Stone Age sites and its use is often associated with enhanced mental abilities and symbolism, but the links between the visible uses of ochre and cognition have not been clearly defined. By establishing the technology and processes involved in using ochre, one can determine the skill, knowledge and cognitive abilities required to execute those activities. This is done here by constructing thought-and-action and inferential cognitive sequences for the various ochre activities performed at Sibudu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Powder production alone is not an indicator of complex cognitive processes, although some planning, foresight and knowledge of materials is required. Some ochre powder was used in the creation of hafting adhesives which is a cognitively demanding process requiring attention-switching, response inhibition, analogical reasoning and abstract thought. The direct transfer of ochre powder from an ochre piece to a soft material through grinding and rubbing requires some complex thought and action procedures — analogical reasoning and the ability to multi-task and switch attention between activities. Scoring a piece of ochre with a sharp tool does not necessitate enhanced executive functioning. However, some engravings demonstrate intentionality and an awareness of space and symmetry that may imply abstract thought.
Building on the Ancestors: Mortuary Structures and Extended Agency in the Late Prehispanic Colca Valley, Peru
Authors: Velasco Matthew C.
Published: November 2014

Theoretical approaches to the agency of inanimate objects have gained traction in bioarchaeological conceptualizations of the dead body and its capacity to shape human action and emotion. In the late prehispanic Andes (ad 1000–1532), new forms of burial involving above-ground funerary structures emplaced ancestral bodies on the landscape and facilitated their incorporation into the unfolding affairs of political and social life. Architectural data from the funerary complex of Yuraq Qaqa in the central Colca Valley suggest that the sequential construction of funerary chambers played a vital role in the elaboration of ancestral agency and its extension into past and future time. Applying a morphogenetic approach to the long-term development of the site, this study demonstrates how the agency of the dead body emerges in relation to other forms of materiality and operates across multiple temporal scales inclusive of, but not limited to, the interval of human–corpse interaction.
Outcomes and hospital costs associated with the Norwood operation: beyond morbidity and mortality
Authors: Kogon Brian E. , Kanter Kirk , Alsoufi Bahaaldin , Maher Kevin , Oster Matthew E.
Published: November 2014

Background

Although much is known about morbidity and mortality, there are limited data focussing on the financial aspect of the Norwood operation. Our objective is to characterise the hospitalisation and detail the hospital costs.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 86 newborns with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent Norwood palliation between 2008 and 2012. Clinical and financial data were collected. Financial data have been reported for 2011–2012.

Results

At surgery, median age and weight of the patients were 4 days (range 1–13) and 3 kg (range 2–4.8), respectively. The median time from admission to surgery was 4 days (range 1–10), with the postoperative ICU stay and total length of stay at the hospital being 10 days (range 4–135) and 16 days (range 5–136), respectively. Discharge mortality was 14/86 (16%) patients.

For patients operated on between 2011 and 2012 (n=40), median hospital costs, charges, and collections per patient were $117,021, $433,054, and $198,453, respectively, and mean hospital costs, charges, and collections per patient were $322,765, $1,109,500, and $511,271, respectively.

A breakdown of total hospital costs (direct and indirect) by department showed that the top four areas of resource utilisation (excluding physician fees) were as follows: the cardiac ICU (35%), laboratory (12%), pharmacy (12%), and operating room (7%). Interestingly, point-of-care laboratory evaluations accounted for almost half of the laboratory total (5%). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, although only utilised in eight patients between 2011 and 2012, accounted for 7% of utilisation.General radiology only accounted for 2%, despite numerous radiographs.

Conclusions

Limited data are available that detail the hospitalisation and costs associated with the Norwood operation. We hope that this analysis will identify areas for quality and value improvement from both system and patient perspectives.
Plant-oil-based Polymeric Materials and their Applications
Authors: Liu Fei , Zhu Jin
Published: November 2014

Plant oils are abundant renewable chemicals in the world. They can be used as the starting materials for making bio-based polymers and additives. These bio-based polymers and additives could be used in many applications such as plastics, fibers, elastomers, coatings and adhesives. In this chapter, we will review the recent research on bio-based materials made from soybean oil, castor oil and other types of oils including tung oil, linseed oil, canola oil and so on. Their applications in plastics, thermoplastic elastomers, coatings and adhesives will also be reviewed. This chapter indicates that plant-oil-based materials demonstrate many superior properties to their petroleum-based counterparts.
Production of Low-cost Polyesters by Microwaving Heating of Carboxylic Acids and Polyol Blends
Authors: Tisserat Brent , Liu Zengshe
Published: November 2014

Numerous issues such as price uncertainty, manufacturing costs, environmental disposal, and geo-political issues affect the petroleum-based polymer industry. As an alternative, interest in the development of bio-degradable non-petroleum-based polymers has risen steadily since the 1980s. However, the price of traditionally used non-petroleum-based polymers (e.g., poly(lactic acid) is high and not competitive with petroleum-based polymers (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate). Therefore, the development of even lower cost non-petroleum-based polymers is needed. One possibility is to prepare co-polyesters using polyfunctional acids and alcohols such as citric acid and glycerol, respectively. Normally, citric acid and glycerol are considered to be plasticizers and are employed as additives to increase the fluidity of other materials (e.g., plastics, concrete, wallboards and clay). Heating to achieve citric acid-glycerol co-polyester polymerization is necessary, followed by a curing process to achieve final solidification. Of interest in this chapter is the use of microwave heating, which offers a useful tool to rapidly prepare samples to examine the mechanical properties of these polyesters.
Development of Bio-based Unsaturated Polyester Resins from Natural Oils or their Derivates
Authors: Liu Chengguo , Zhou Yonghong
Published: November 2014

This chapter reports the development of novel oil-based unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) from plant oils or their derivates. First, a new tung oil (TO)-based macromonomer named “tung oil pentaerythritol glyceride maleate” (TOPERMA) was synthesized. Second, dicyclopentadiene-terminated UPR (DCPD-UPR) was modified by TO via an intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction during the later stage of melt polycondensation. Third, a highly functionalized castor oil product composed of castor oil pentaerythritol glyceride maleate (COPERMA) was employed to fabricate a partially bio-based UPR through blending it with petroleum-based UPR. The obtained TOPERMA and COPERMA monomers and TO-modified DCPD-UPR polymers were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, ESI-MS, and GPC. The physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the prepared oil-based UPRs were carefully studied. The structure–property relationship, especially the effects of phase separation and cross-link density on the mechanical properties, was also investigated. These oil-based UPR polymer materials show promise as an alternative to replace their corresponding petroleum-based materials.
Lubricity Characteristics of Seed Oils Modified by Acylation
Authors: Harry-O’kuru Rogers E. , Biresaw Girma
Published: November 2014

Seed oils chemically modified via acylation of their epoxidized and polyhydroxylated derivatives, were investigated for their potential as candidates for lubrication.  The native oil was preliminarily epoxidized and ring opened in a one-pot reaction using formic acid/H2O2 followed by aqueous HCl treatment to give the polyhydroxy intermediate.  The latter was then acylated with C2 to C5 anhydrides to avail the polyacetyl-, polybutyroyl- and polypentanoyl esters of the oil. Also using the oxirane as the starting material, the vicinal polyformates were generated. Tribological study of these seed oil derivatives revealed low coefficients of friction as well as low wear scar in four-ball tribometric tests.
Engineered-membranes and engineered-micelles as efficient tools for purification of halorhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin
Authors: Dutta Sansa , Nair Divya K. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. , Wachtel Ellen , Friedman Noga , Sheves Mordechai , Patchornik Guy
Published: November 2014

We describe two alternative and complementary purification methods for halorhodopsin and bacteriorhodopsin.
Identification of a selective G-quadruplex DNA binder using a multistep virtual screening approach
Authors: Hou Jin-Qiang , Chen Shuo-Bin , Zan Li-Peng , Ou Tian-Miao , Tan Jia-Heng , Luyt Leonard G. , Huang Zhi-Shu
Published: November 2014

A selective G-quadruplex binder was identified using a multistep virtual screening approach by simultaneously taking into account G-quadruplex and duplex DNA.
Thermo-responsive white-light emission based on tetraphenylethylene- and rhodamine B-containing boronate nanoparticles
Authors: Ozawa Ayumi , Shimizu Ai , Nishiyabu Ryuhei , Kubo Yuji
Published: November 2014

White-light emissive boronate nanoparticles have been prepared, which exhibit reversible and thermo-responsive emission in the investigated temperature range (5–65 °C) with a temperature sensitivity of 1.1% K−1 in water.
A simple bioluminescent method for measuring d-amino acid oxidase activity
Authors: Bailey T. Spencer , Donor Micah T. , Naughton Sean P. , Pluth Michael D.
Published: November 2014

A bioluminescent method for measuring d-amino acid oxidase (DAO) activity was developed based on the luciferin/luciferase reporting platform.
Bimetallic zinc complex – active species in coupling of terminal alkynes with aldehydes via nucleophilic addition/Oppenauer oxidation
Authors: Yuan Jiwen , Wang Jing , Zhang Guanghui , Liu Chao , Qi Xiaotian , Lan Yu , Miller Jeffrey T. , Kropf A. Jeremy , Bunel Emilio E. , Lei Aiwen
Published: November 2014

A mechanistic study on the zinc-promoted coupling between aldehydes and terminal alkynes was demonstrated. A bimetallic zinc complex was determined to be the active species.
Growth, structure, luminescence and mechanical resonance of Bi2O3nano- and microwires
Authors: Vila María , Díaz-Guerra Carlos , Piqueras Javier , López-Conesa Lluís , Estradé Sònia , Peiró Francesca
Published: November 2014

The growth, morphology, structure and luminescence properties of α-Bi2O3hierarchical architectures are reported. The Young moduli and quality factors of the microwires as micromechanical resonators were determined from their resonance frequencies.
Partial pressure-induced growth of silicon nitride belts with tunable width and photoluminescence properties
Authors: Cai J. , Zhang Y. L. , Lyu Z. Y. , Zhao J. , Shen J. C. , Wu Q. , Wang X. Z. , Wu X. L. , Chen Y. , Hu Z.
Published: November 2014

Si3N4belts with tunable width were synthesized by regulating the partial pressure of NH3/N2in gaseous mixtures of Ar and NH3/N2during the nitridation of silicon powders, which demonstrated tunable photoluminescence properties.
Electron small polarons and their transport in bismuth vanadate: a first principles study
Authors: Kweon Kyoung E. , Hwang Gyeong S. , Kim Jinhan , Kim Sungjin , Kim SeongMin
Published: November 2014

Hybrid density functional calculations demonstrate small polaron formation in electron-doped BiVO4, and predict the polaron hopping barrier to increase with lattice constant and also the possible concentration-dependence of electron mobility.
Deactivation mechanism of a novel AIE-active naphthalimide derivative in more polar solutions
Authors: Chen Yunqing , Wang Yi , Yuan Yuan , Jiao Yan , Pu Xuemei , Lu Zhiyun
Published: November 2014

We used experimental and computational methods to unveil the deactivation mechanism of a new AIE-active naphthalimide derivative in polar solutions.
Formation and dynamics of “waterproof” photoluminescent complexes of rare earth ions in crowded environment
Authors: Ignatova Tetyana , Blades Michael , Duque Juan G. , Doorn Stephen K. , Biaggio Ivan , Rotkin Slava V.
Published: November 2014

Evolution of photoluminescence of rare-earth solvation complexes, interacting with bile salt molecules in a crowded bio-mimetic environment (hydrogel).
Synthesis, crystal structures and two-photon absorption properties of triphenylamine cyanoacetic acid derivative and its organooxotin complexes
Authors: Zhao Xuesong , Liu Jie , Wang Hui , Zou Yan , Li Shengli , Zhang Shengyi , Zhou Hongping , Wu Jieying , Tian Yupeng
Published: November 2014

Three novel organooxotin complexes (Z1, Z2 and Z3) exhibit large 2PA cross-section per molecular weight and can be used as potential anti-tumor agents.
The kinetics and mechanism of photo-assisted Ag(i)-catalysed water oxidation with S2O82−
Authors: Yu Lihong , Wang Jidan , Guo Dan , You Wansheng , Liu Meiying , Zhang Lancui , Li Can
Published: November 2014

It is reported that visible light (λ ≥ 400 nm) can improve Ag(i)-catalyzed water oxidation into O2 with S2O82− remarkably. The photo-assistant results from the absorbance of the AgO+ species at 375 nm, promoting the rate-determining step (AgO+ + H2O → Ag+ + H2O2). A reasonable mechanism has been proposed.
Synthesis and investigation of cobalt chalcogenide clusters with thienyl phosphine ligands as new acceptor materials for P3HT
Authors: Reeves B. J. , Shircliff D. M. , Shott J. L. , Boardman B. M.
Published: November 2014

In progress towards a covalently linked organic–inorganic structure, cobalt chalcogenide clusters were synthesized with thienyl phosphines ligands. Results indicate the clusters have potential as new acceptor materials for P3HT.
Nitrosyl and carbene iron complexes bearing a κ3-SNS thioamide pincer type ligand
Authors: Suzuki Tatsuya , Matsumoto Jun , Kajita Yuji , Inomata Tomohiko , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki
Published: November 2014

The monochelate iron complex with κ3-SNS thioamide pincer ligand, [Fe(THF)2(κ3-LDPM)], gave novel complexes, [Fe(NHC)(κ3-LDPM)] and [Fe(NO)2(κ3-LDPM)], by substitution reactions with N heterocyclic carbene and NO molecules, respectively.
The differential localization of a methyl group confers a different anti-breast cancer activity to two triterpenes present in olives
Authors: Sánchez-Quesada Cristina , López-Biedma Alicia , Gaforio José J.
Published: November 2014

Uvaol (UV) and erythrodiol (ER) are two triterpenic dialcohols present in the minor fraction of virgin olive oil, in leaves and in the skin and drupe of olives.
From cellular lysis to microarray detection, an integrated thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) point of care Lab on a Disc
Authors: Roy Emmanuel , Stewart Gale , Mounier Maxence , Malic Lidija , Peytavi Régis , Clime Liviu , Madou Marc , Bossinot Maurice , Bergeron Michel G. , Veres Teodor
Published: November 2014

We present an all-thermoplastic integrated sample-to-answer centrifugal microfluidic Lab-on-Disc system (LoD) for nucleic acid analysis.
Novel one-pot green synthesis of graphene in aqueous medium under microwave irradiation using a regenerative catalyst and the study of its electrochemical properties
Authors: Subramanya Badrayyana , Bhat Denthaje Krishna
Published: November 2014

High throughput synthesis of superior quality graphene by a unified green approach for high performance supercapacitors.
808 nm driven Nd3+-sensitized upconversion nanostructures for photodynamic therapy and simultaneous fluorescence imaging
Authors: Wang Dan , Xue Bin , Kong Xianggui , Tu Langping , Liu Xiaomin , Zhang Youlin , Chang Yulei , Luo Yongshi , Zhao Huiying , Zhang Hong
Published: November 2014

The novel nanostructures have been designed to balance the robustness of the upconversion emission and the FRET efficiency for image-guided photodynamic therapy under triggering of 808 nm light.
Multi-photon excited coherent random laser emission in ZnO powders
Authors: Tolentino Dominguez Christian , Gomes Maria de A. , Macedo Zélia S. , de Araújo Cid B. , Gomes Anderson S. L.
Published: November 2014

We report the observation and analysis of anti-Stokes coherent random laser (RL) emission from zinc oxide (ZnO) powders excited by one-, two- or three-photon femtosecond laser radiation.
Phosphorene oxide: stability and electronic properties of a novel two-dimensional material
Authors: Wang Gaoxue , Pandey Ravindra , Karna Shashi P.
Published: November 2014

The physical and chemical properties of phosphorene oxide including its formation by oxygen adsorption on the bare phosphorene was investigated.
Bias-free, solar-charged electric double-layer capacitors
Authors: Wu Hao , Geng Jing , Wang Yuhang , Wang Yanli , Peng Zheng , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: November 2014

A hybrid structure of mesoporous carbon-coated branched-TiO2nanowires is developed for unassisted, direct photoelectrochemical conversion and electric capacitive energy storage.
Gold and gold–palladium alloy nanoparticles on heterostructured TiO2nanobelts as plasmonic photocatalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation
Authors: Jiang Tongtong , Jia Chuancheng , Zhang Lanchun , He Shuren , Sang Yuanhua , Li Haidong , Li Yanqing , Xu Xiaohong , Liu Hong
Published: November 2014

The superior visible light-promoted activities of Au and Au–Pd alloy nanoparticles on heterostructured TiO2nanobelts for the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol is driven by the plasmon-mediated electron transfer process.
Cucurbituril-based supramolecular engineered nanostructured materials
Authors: Gürbüz Sinem , Idris Muazzam , Tuncel Dönüs
Published: November 2014

Nanostructured materials, including nanoparticles, nanocomposites, vesicles, and rods, have been prepared by taking advantage of the interesting features of cucurbituril homologues.
Self-organizing behaviour of glycosteroidal bolaphiles: insights into lipidic microsegregation
Authors: Xu R. , Ali-Rachedi F. , Xavier N. M. , Chambert S. , Ferkous F. , Queneau Y. , Cowling S. J. , Davis E. J. , Goodby J. W.
Published: November 2014

The synthesis of glycosteroidal bolaphile biomimics are described along with the liquid-crystalline behaviours as a function of increasing aliphatic composition.
Mussel-inspired hydrogels for biomedical and environmental applications
Authors: Li Lin , Smitthipong Wirasak , Zeng Hongbo
Published: November 2014

This mini-review highlights the recent development of mussel-inspired hydrogels in biomedical and environmental fields.
9-Iodophenalenone and 9-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxyphenalenone: convenient entry points to new phenalenones functionalised at the 9-position. Iodine-carbonyl interaction studies by X-ray crystallography
Authors: Anamimoghadam Ommid , Long De-Liang , Bucher Götz
Published: November 2014

Triflic anhydride acts like a key to the unreactive, “locked” 9-hydroxyphenalenone, providing access to new phenalenones functionalised in 9-position as well as to a phenalenyl-annelated isoxazole.
Structural evolution of rayon-based carbon fibers induced by doping boron
Authors: Wang Huiqi , Han Tao , Yang Jinhua , Tao Zechao , Guo Quangui , Liu Zhanjun , Feng Zhihai , Liu Lang
Published: November 2014

Here, we report, for the first time, a systematic analysis of the structural evolution of RCFs induced by doping boron.
One-step solvothermal preparation of Fe3O4/graphene composites at elevated temperature and their application as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jing Laiying , Fu Aiping , Li Hongliang , Liu Jingquan , Guo Peizhi , Wang Yiqian , Zhao Xiu Song
Published: November 2014

Fe3O4/graphene composites with high reversible capacity and outstanding cycle stability were prepared within 6 h by a one-step high-temperature solvothermal process.
Crystal chemical investigation of nano inclusion in LiMn2O4cathode material of lithium ion battery
Authors: Esaki Shogo , Nishijima Motoaki , Takai Shigeomi , Yao Takeshi
Published: November 2014

We found that the (100) plane of LiMn2O4and the (110) plane of ZnMn2O4connect without grain boundary.
Comparison of acidic site quantification methods for a series of nanoscopic aluminum hydroxide fluorides
Authors: Hemmann Felix , Jaeger Christian , Kemnitz Erhard
Published: November 2014

Quantitative determination of acidic surface sites is highly important for the characterization of solid acids because the activity of a catalyst is often related to the concentration of these sites.
d-Glucose based bisacrylamide crosslinker: synthesis and study of homogeneous biocompatible glycopolymeric hydrogels
Authors: Ajish Juby K. , Ajish Kumar K. S. , Subramanian Mahesh , Kumar Manmohan
Published: November 2014

The ability of sugar pendants in glycopolymeric hydrogels to mimic that on the cell surface can be used as a reliable method for the site specific delivery of drugs.
Silica nanostructures synthesis and CdTe quantum dots immobilization for photocatalytical applications
Authors: Passos Marieta L. C. , Pereira Mariana , Saraiva M. Lúcia M. F. S. , Rangel Maria , Moniz Tania , Santos João L. M. , Frigerio Christian
Published: November 2014

A new strategy for the immobilization of semiconductor nanocrystals by carrying out in simultaneous the biomimetic synthesis of silica nanostructures and the encapsulation of MPA-capped CdTe quantum dots (QDs).
3D nitrogen-doped graphene/Co(OH)2-nanoplate composites for high-performance electrochemical pseudocapacitors
Authors: Xie Hao , Tang Shaochun , Gong Zilun , Vongehr Sascha , Fang Fei , Li Min , Meng Xiangkang
Published: November 2014

Nanocomposites constructed by 3D nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) networks with hexagonal Co(OH)2 nanoplates have been hydrothermally prepared. They exhibit a better pseudocapacitive performance than reported Co(OH)2 and 2D G/Co(OH)2 composites.
Facile synthesis of three-dimensional porous carbon with high surface area by calcining metal–organic framework for lithium-ion batteries anode materials
Authors: Zuo Li , Chen Shouhui , Wu Jiafeng , Wang Li , Hou Haoqing , Song Yonghai
Published: November 2014

3D porous carbon derived by the MOFs with an excellent performance of 1015 mA h g−1after 100 cycles for LIBs.
Interactions of the aquated forms of ruthenium(iii) anticancer drugs with protein: a detailed molecular docking and QM/MM investigation
Authors: Das Dharitri , Dutta Abhijit , Mondal Paritosh
Published: November 2014

The interaction of monoaqua and diaqua ruthenium complexes which are formed after intracellular aquation of their respective complexes with human serum albumin (HSA) has been computationally investigated by molecular docking and two layer QM/MM hybrid methods.
Ionic liquids improve the anticorrosion performance of Zn-rich coatings
Authors: Echeverría M. , Abreu C. M. , Deive F. J. , Sanromán M. A. , Rodríguez A.
Published: November 2014

In this work, the suitability of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium ethylsulfate (C2C1imC2SO4) for improving the anticorrosive behaviour of zinc rich paints (ZRP) has been demonstrated.
Atom efficient thermal and photocuring combined treatments for the synthesis of novel eco-friendly grid-like zein nanofibres
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Nandgaonkar Avinav G. , Cui Jing , Huang Fenglin , Krause Wendy E. , Lucia Lucian A. , Wei Qufu
Published: November 2014

We report herein for the first time, a novel crosslinking approach for the synthesis of grid-like zein nanofibres with SbQ (styrylpyridinequaternary) realized by a simple electrospinning process followed by thermal treatment and/or UV illumination.
One pot microwave assisted synthesis of bisphosphonate alkene capped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Aufaure Romain , Lalatonne Yoann , Lièvre Nicole , Heintz Olivier , Motte Laurence , Guénin Erwann
Published: November 2014

One pot microwave assisted synthesis of bisphosphonate alkene capped gold nanoparticles.
Synthesis of novel dispiropyrrolothiazoles by three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and evaluation of their antimycobacterial activity
Authors: Haddad Saoussen , Boudriga Sarra , Porzio François , Soldera Armand , Askri Moheddine , Sriram Dharmarajan , Yogeeswari Perumal , Knorr Michael , Rousselin Yoann , Kubicki Marek M.
Published: November 2014

A series of dispiropyrrolothiazoles derivatives has been synthesized screenedin vitroagainstMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv. The observed regio- and stereoselectivity of the cycloaddition reaction has been rationalized by DFT calculations.
A Cu-catalysed synthesis of substituted 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-one
Authors: Gogoi Anupal , Guin Srimanta , Rout Saroj K. , Majji Ganesh , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: November 2014

A Cu-catalysed synthesis of substituted isoindolin-1-one has been achieved via a decarboxylative alkynylation–heteroannulation path.
Ion kinetics in Ar/H2 cold plasmas: the relevance of ArH+
Authors: Jiménez-Redondo Miguel , Cueto Maite , Doménech José Luis , Tanarro Isabel , Herrero Víctor J.
Published: November 2014

The only noble gas compound observed in space, ArH+, is investigated in cold Ar/H2 laboratory plasmas.
Biodegradable, multiple stimuli-responsive sodium deoxycholate–amino acids–NaCl mixed systems for dye delivery
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Xin Xia , Shen Jinglin , Tang Weiyue , Ren Yingjie , Wang Lin
Published: November 2014

Multiple stimuli-responsiveness of NaDC–amino acid–NaCl mixed systems.
VO2/hydrogel hybrid nanothermochromic material with ultra-high solar modulation and luminous transmission
Authors: Zhou Yang , Cai Yufeng , Hu Xiao , Long Yi
Published: November 2014

A novel thermochromic VO2/PNIPAm composite hydrogel was successfully synthesized, which had extremely high solar modulating ability ΔTsol ∼34.7% with salient average luminance transmittance of 62.6%.
Multiple heteroatom induced carrier engineering and hierarchical nanostructures for high thermoelectric performance of polycrystalline In4Se2.5
Authors: Luo Yubo , Yang Junyou , Liu Ming , Xiao Ye , Fu Liangwei , Li Weixin , Zhang Dan , Zhang Mingyang , Cheng Yudong
Published: November 2014

A high thermoelectric performance ZT = 1.4 is gained for the polycrystalline In4Se2.5 by multiple heteroatom induced carrier engineering and hierarchical nanostructures.
Temperature- and redox-responsive magnetic complex micelles for controlled drug release
Authors: Zou Hui , Yuan Weizhong
Published: November 2014

PCL-SS-PDMAEMA/Fe3O4 magnetic complex micelles can present dual temperature- and redox-responses, magnetism and magnetothermal properties.
Nanomechanics of a magnetic shuttle device
Authors: Kulinich S. I. , Gorelik L. Y. , Parafilo A. V. , Shekhter R. I. , Park Y. W. , Jonson M.
Published: November 2014

We show that self sustained mechanical vibrations in a model magnetic shuttle device can be driven by both the charge and the spin accumulated on the movable central island of the device. Different scenarios for how spin- and charge-induced shuttle instabilities may develop are discussed and shown to depend on whether there is a Coulomb blockade of tunneling or not. The crucial role of electronic spin flips in a magnetically driven shuttle is established and shown to cause giant magnetoresistance and dynamic magnetostriction effects.
Tunneling spectra of break junctions involving Nb3Sn
Authors: Ekino Toshikazu , Sugimoto Akira , Sakai Yuta , Gabovich Alexander M. , Akimitsu Jun
Published: November 2014

The electronic gap structure of Nb3Sn was measured by the break-junction (BJ) tunneling technique. The superconducting gap values are estimated to be in the range 2Δ = 4–5.5 meV at T = 4.2 K as follows from the observed distinct conductance peaks. In addition to the superconducting gap structure, we observed reproducible hump-like structures at the biases of about ±20 and ±50 mV. Such a coexistence of gap and hump structures resembles the situation found in the high-Tc copper-oxide superconductors. Above the superconducting critical temperature Tc ∼ 18 K, the humps appear as the only gap-like structures. Their possible origin is discussed in connection to the structural phase transition occurring in Nb3Sn.
Ferromagnetic resonance in copper-permalloy point contacts
Authors: Balkashin O. P. , Fisun V. V. , Korovkin I. A. , Korenivski V.
Published: November 2014

The response of copper-permalloy (Ni80Fe20) point microcontacts to microwave irradiation (8–12 GHz) is investigated systematically. The effects of the external magnetic field strength, transport current flowing through the contact, and microwave intensity and frequency on the measured signal are studied. The contributions to the contact electrical resistance owing to giant and anisotropic magnetoresistance are analyzed. The experimentally determined positions of the resonance features are in good agreement with Kittel's formula for FMR in films in parallel magnetic fields. The resonance signal is observed against the background of an additional contribution owing to rectification of the rf field on the nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of the contact. Two mechanisms for the resonance response are discovered: synchronous self-detection from mixing of the rf current with temporal variations in the resistance and a bolometric response associated with the steady-state variation in the contact resistance when magnetization precession is excited. The amplitude of the resonance signal is linearly proportional to the transport current through the contact and to the intensity of the microwave irradiation.
Low noise, 0.4–3 GHz cryogenic receiver for radio astronomy
Authors: Gawande R. , Bradley R. , Langston G.
Published: November 2014

We present the design and measurement of a radio telescope receiver front end cooled to 100 K physical temperature, and working over 400 MHz to 3 GHz frequency band. The system uses a frequency independent feed developed for operation as a feed for parabola using sinuous elements and integrated with an ultra-wideband low noise amplifier. The ambient temperature system is tested on the 43 m radio telescope in Green Bank, WV and the system verification results on the sky are presented. The cryogenic receiver is developed using a Stirling cycle, one stage cryocooler. The measured far field patterns and the system noise less than 80 K over a 5:1 bandwidth are presented.
Coherent destruction of tunneling in a six-dimensional model of NHD2: A computational study using the multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method
Authors: Sala Matthieu , Gatti Fabien , Guérin Stéphane
Published: November 2014

We investigate the phenomenon of coherent destruction of tunneling in a six-dimensional model of the NHD2 molecule. Two regimes are considered for the frequency of the laser field. A non-resonant regime where the frequency of the laser field is high with respect to the ground vibrational state tunneling splitting but smaller than the transition frequencies between the ground and excited vibrational states; and a quasi-resonant regime where the frequency of the laser field is close to the transition frequency between the ground and first excited vibrational states. In each case, we study the laser driven dynamics in the framework of the Floquet formalism and derive simple analytical formulas that explain the shape of the quasienergy curves associated with the two tunneling components of the ground vibrational state. This analysis allows us to obtain the parameters (frequency and amplitude) of the laser field that lead to the coherent destruction of tunneling. The multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method is then used to solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a six-dimensional model of the molecule in interaction with an adiabatically turned on monochromatic laser field, in order to confirm the results obtained from this analysis.
Development in processing of MgB2 cryo-magnet superconductors
Authors: Noudem J. G. , Aburras M. , Bernstein P. , Chaud X. , Muralidhar M. , Murakami M.
Published: November 2014

Spark Plasma Sintering is a promising rapid consolidation technique that allows a better understanding and manipulating of sintering kinetics and therefore makes it possible to obtain MgB2-based ceramics with tailored microstructures. Commercial MgB2 powders were spark plasma sintered with an applied mechanical pressure, leading to MgB2 pellets with 99% relative density. The obtained samples show a sharp superconducting transition with an onset at 38.5 K. The critical current density was measured equal to 5.6 × 104 A/cm2 at 20 K under 1 T applied field. Otherwise, the trapped field was also investigated. A 5 mm thick pellet with a 20 mm diameter prepared with optimized processing temperature demonstrated a trapped field of 1.2 T at 15 K and up to 2.5 T at 10 K.
Experimental determination of band offsets of NiO-based thin film heterojunctions
Authors: Kawade Daisuke , Chichibu Shigefusa F. , Sugiyama Mutsumi
Published: November 2014

The energy band diagrams of NiO-based solar cell structures that use various n-type oxide semiconductors such as ZnO, Mg0.3Zn0.7O, Zn0.5Sn0.5O, In2O3:Sn (ITO), SnO2, and TiO2 were evaluated by photoelectron yield spectroscopy. The valence band discontinuities were estimated to be 1.6 eV for ZnO/NiO and Mg0.3Zn0.7O/NiO, 1.7 eV for Zn0.5Sn0.5O/NiO and ITO/NiO, and 1.8 eV for SnO2/NiO and TiO2/NiO heterojunctions. By using the valence band discontinuity values and corresponding energy bandgaps of the layers, energy band diagrams were developed. Judging from the band diagram, an appropriate solar cell consisting of p-type NiO and n-type ZnO layers was deposited on ITO, and a slight but noticeable photovoltaic effect was obtained with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.96 V, short circuit current density (Jsc) of 2.2 μA/cm2, and fill factor of 0.44.
Communication: On the stability of ice 0, ice i, and Ih
Authors: Quigley D. , Alfè D. , Slater B.
Published: November 2014

Using ab initio methods, we examine the stability of ice 0, a recently proposed tetragonal form of ice implicated in the homogeneous freezing of water [J. Russo, F. Romano, and H. Tanaka, Nat. Mater. 13, 670 (2014)]. Vibrational frequencies are computed across the complete Brillouin Zone using Density Functional Theory (DFT), to confirm mechanical stability and quantify the free energy of ice 0 relative to ice Ih. The robustness of this result is tested via dispersion corrected semi-local and hybrid DFT, and Quantum Monte-Carlo calculation of lattice energies. Results indicate that popular molecular models only slightly overestimate the stability of ice zero. In addition, we study all possible realisations of proton disorder within the ice zero unit cell, and identify the ground state as ferroelectric. Comparisons are made to other low density metastable forms of ice, suggesting that the ice i structure [C. J. Fennel and J. D. Gezelter, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 1, 662 (2005)] may be equally relevant to ice formation.
Development of x-ray radiography for high energy density physics
Authors: Morace A. , Fedeli L. , Batani D. , Baton S. , Beg F. N. , Hulin S. , Jarrott L. C. , Margarit A. , Nakai M. , Nakatsutsumi M. , Nicolai P. , Piovella N. , Wei M. S. , Vaisseau X. , Volpe L. , Santos J. J.
Published: November 2014

We describe an experiment performed at the LULI laser facility using an advanced radiographic technique that allowed obtaining 2D, spatially resolved images of a shocked buried-code-target. The technique is suitable for applications on Fast Ignition as well as Warm Dense Matter research. In our experiment, it allowed to show cone survival up to Mbar pressures and to measure the shock front velocity and the fluid velocity associated to the laser-generated shock. This allowed obtaining one point on the shock polar of porous carbon.
Temperature of broadband anti-Stokes white emission in LiYbP4O12: Er nanocrystals
Authors: Marciniak L. , Strek W. , Hreniak D. , Guyot Y.
Published: November 2014

The up-conversion emission of LiYb0.99Er0.01P4O12 nanocrystals was investigated in vacuum upon the focused beam of infrared laser excitation. The intense white broad band emission was observed above the threshold power of 800 mW. An increase of excitation power results in enhancement of temperature of emitting nanocrystals. The temperature of nanocrystals was determined following the thermally equilibrated f-f emission transitions of Er3+ ions. The highest measured temperature of white emission was determined to be about 900 K. It is concluded that the black body radiation is not responsible for the white broad band emission.
Europa may host a system of tectonic plates
Authors: Miller Johanna L.
Published: November 2014

Investigating Jupiter’s enigmatic moon requires revisiting images more than a decade old. A new result suggests they haven’t yet given up all their secrets.
Bridging academia and industry the Fraunhofer way
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: November 2014

Winning contracts and sending products to market are the measures of success in the German organization’s not-for-profit research model.
Validation of Daily Ring Deposition in the Otoliths of Age-0 Alligator Gar
Authors: Sakaris Peter C. , Buckmeier David L. , Smith Nathan G.
Published: November 2014

We validated techniques for estimating the daily age of young-of-the-year Alligator Gar, Atractosteus spatula. Alligator Gar eggs were hatched and larvae were grown in aquaria and then transferred to an outdoor artificial stream. Fish were sampled from 21 d to 118 d posthatch. Sagittal otoliths were extracted from each fish, and each otolith was embedded in a clear epoxy resin. Otoliths were sectioned along a transverse plane, sanded with 600-grit sandpaper to reveal daily rings, and then polished with 1500-grit sandpaper. We estimated the daily age of each otolith three times, making each estimate in random order without reference to known ages. The mean of the three counts for each otolith was considered the final age estimate. Daily age estimates of 50 Alligator Gar (21–118 d old, 43–458 mm total length) were closely related to known fish ages, validating daily ring deposition. Absolute error in age estimates increased after 62 d posthatch; 68% of the estimated ages were within ±3 d of the known age through 62 d, whereas only 26% of the estimated ages were within ±3 d of the known age from 76 to 118 d posthatch. However, mean estimates for each cohort were within 5 d of known age through 104 d posthatch. Daily increments near the core were difficult to identify, but later increments were more discernable and deposited in a regular pattern. A significant relationship was also identified between fish total length and otolith radius (P < 0.01), indicating that estimates of growth histories should be reliable. We encourage researchers to utilize our aging technique to estimate hatch dates, the timing and frequency of hatching, and early growth rates of Alligator Gar in wild populations. This early life history information will be valuable in enhancing management and conservation of this species.

Received March 21, 2014; accepted July 16, 2014
Respiratory influenza virus infection induces intestinal immune injury via microbiota-mediated Th17 cell–dependent inflammation
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Fengqi , Wei Haiming , Lian Zhe-Xiong , Sun Rui , Tian Zhigang
Published: November 2014

Influenza in humans is often accompanied by gastroenteritis-like symptoms such as diarrhea, but the underlying mechanism is not yet understood. We explored the occurrence of gastroenteritis-like symptoms using a mouse model of respiratory influenza infection. We found that respiratory influenza infection caused intestinal injury when lung injury occurred, which was not due to direct intestinal viral infection. Influenza infection altered the intestinal microbiota composition, which was mediated by IFN-γ produced by lung-derived CCR9+CD4+ T cells recruited into the small intestine. Th17 cells markedly increased in the small intestine after PR8 infection, and neutralizing IL-17A reduced intestinal injury. Moreover, antibiotic depletion of intestinal microbiota reduced IL-17A production and attenuated influenza-caused intestinal injury. Further study showed that the alteration of intestinal microbiota significantly stimulated IL-15 production from intestinal epithelial cells, which subsequently promoted Th17 cell polarization in the small intestine in situ. Thus, our findings provide new insights into an undescribed mechanism by which respiratory influenza infection causes intestinal disease.
Nucleosomes, transcription, and probability
Authors: Boeger Hinrich
Published: November 2014

Speaking of current measurements on single ion channel molecules, David Colquhoun wrote in 2006, “Individual molecules behave randomly, so suddenly we had to learn how to deal with stochastic processes.” Here I describe theoretical efforts to understand recent experimental observations on the chromatin structure of single gene molecules, a molecular biologist's path toward probabilistic theories.
Emergent mechanics of biological structures
Authors: Dumont Sophie , Prakash Manu
Published: November 2014

Mechanical force organizes life at all scales, from molecules to cells and tissues. Although we have made remarkable progress unraveling the mechanics of life's individual building blocks, our understanding of how they give rise to the mechanics of larger-scale biological structures is still poor. Unlike the engineered macroscopic structures that we commonly build, biological structures are dynamic and self-organize: they sculpt themselves and change their own architecture, and they have structural building blocks that generate force and constantly come on and off. A description of such structures defies current traditional mechanical frameworks. It requires approaches that account for active force-generating parts and for the formation of spatial and temporal patterns utilizing a diverse array of building blocks. In this Perspective, we term this framework “emergent mechanics.” Through examples at molecular, cellular, and tissue scales, we highlight challenges and opportunities in quantitatively understanding the emergent mechanics of biological structures and the need for new conceptual frameworks and experimental tools on the way ahead.
The quantified cell
Authors: Flamholz Avi , Phillips Rob , Milo Ron
Published: November 2014

The microscopic world of a cell can be as alien to our human-centered intuition as the confinement of quarks within protons or the event horizon of a black hole. We are prone to thinking by analogy—Golgi cisternae stack like pancakes, red blood cells look like donuts—but very little in our human experience is truly comparable to the immensely crowded, membrane-subdivided interior of a eukaryotic cell or the intricately layered structures of a mammalian tissue. So in our daily efforts to understand how cells work, we are faced with a challenge: how do we develop intuition that works at the microscopic scale?
Coordination of insulin and Notch pathway activities by microRNA miR-305 mediates adaptive homeostasis in the intestinal stem cells of the Drosophila gut
Authors: Foronda David , Weng Ruifen , Verma Pushpa , Chen Ya-Wen , Cohen Stephen M.
Published: November 2014

Homeostasis of the intestine is maintained by dynamic regulation of a pool of intestinal stem cells. The balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is regulated by the Notch and insulin signaling pathways. Dependence on the insulin pathway places the stem cell pool under nutritional control, allowing gut homeostasis to adapt to environmental conditions. Here we present evidence that miR-305 is required for adaptive homeostasis of the gut. miR-305 regulates the Notch and insulin pathways in the intestinal stem cells. Notably, miR-305 expression in the stem cells is itself under nutritional control via the insulin pathway. This link places regulation of Notch pathway activity under nutritional control. These findings provide a mechanism through which the insulin pathway controls the balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation that is required for adaptive homeostasis in the gut in response to changing environmental conditions.
Chromosome rearrangements via template switching between diverged repeated sequences
Authors: Anand Ranjith P. , Tsaponina Olga , Greenwell Patricia W. , Lee Cheng-Sheng , Du Wei , Petes Thomas D. , Haber James E.
Published: November 2014

Recent high-resolution genome analyses of cancer and other diseases have revealed the occurrence of microhomology-mediated chromosome rearrangements and copy number changes. Although some of these rearrangements appear to involve nonhomologous end-joining, many must have involved mechanisms requiring new DNA synthesis. Models such as microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MM-BIR) have been invoked to explain these rearrangements. We examined BIR and template switching between highly diverged sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, induced during repair of a site-specific double-strand break (DSB). Our data show that such template switches are robust mechanisms that give rise to complex rearrangements. Template switches between highly divergent sequences appear to be mechanistically distinct from the initial strand invasions that establish BIR. In particular, such jumps are less constrained by sequence divergence and exhibit a different pattern of microhomology junctions. BIR traversing repeated DNA sequences frequently results in complex translocations analogous to those seen in mammalian cells. These results suggest that template switching among repeated genes is a potent driver of genome instability and evolution.
Multi-Beam Two-Photon Imaging of Fast Ca2+ Signals in the Langendorff Mouse Heart
Authors: Hammer Karin , Lipp Peter , Kaestner Lars
Published: November 2014

Although the role of calcium (Ca2+) in excitation–contraction coupling in the heart can be comprehensively studied at the cellular level, propagation of Ca2+ signals intercellularly requires tissue-based investigations. To access cells below the epicardium, an optical-sectioning technique is necessary. Multi-photon microscopy allows reliable imaging for penetration to depths of up to 0.5 mm. Here, we provide a protocol that uses multibeam two-photon microscopy for measuring Ca2+ signals in a Langendorff-perfused mouse heart.