bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhazya Stricta Assisted Green Synthesis of Multifunctional Carbon Coated Copper Oxide Nanosheets for Photocatalysis of Dyes and Antibacterial Candidate Against Solanaceous Pathogens
Authors: Bibi Hamida , Iqbal Mudassar , Wahab Hassan , Öztürk Mehmet , Ke Fei , Iqbal Zafar , Khan Muhammad Ishfaq , Alghanem Suliman Mohammed
Published: March 2021

The studies of metal oxides in environmental remediation of chemical and biological pollutants are gaining huge importance. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of multi-functional copper oxide nanosheets (CuO NS) using an aqueous extract of Rhazya stricta. The phytochemical investigation of R. stricta indicated the presence of saponins, tannins, and reducing sugars responsible for the reduction and stabilization of CuO NS. The formation of CuO NS was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectrophotometer with specific Surface Plasmon Resonance at 294 nm. Further characterization of the CuO NS was done by FE-SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The obtained CuO NS were poly-dispersed with an average size of 20 nm. Interestingly these particles were aligned together in the form of 3D cubical sheets layered above each other via self-assembly. The as-synthesized CuO NS shows enhanced antibacterial potential (17.63 mm, mean inhibition zone) as compared to the known antibiotics (11.51 mm, mean inhibition zone) against the wilt causing bacteria of Solanaceous crop, including Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter michiganensis. Furthermore, the appreciable photocatalytic potential of CuO NS has been observed, causing 83% degradation of methylene blue (MB) upon solar irradiation. The synthesis methodology is devoid of any toxic waste and/or by-products and could be used to produce eco-friendly CuO nanomaterial for industrial uses.
1D Photonic Crystal With Anisotropic Defect Layer Containing Graphene-based Hyperbolic Metamaterial With a Focus on Spectral Statistics
Authors: Saleki Ziba , Majarshin Amir , Luo Yan , Zhang De-long
Published: March 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Bacterial community and composition of soil in world’s longevity township Jiaoling, China by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Wu Lei , Xie Xinqiang , Ma Jun , Zhang Jumei , Ding Yu , Wu Qingping
Published: March 2021

Healthy longevity is a complicated process, however, the underlying mechanisms between longevity and microbiota warrant investigation. To address this, we characterized a longevity trajectory of environmental microbiota in a longevity township. We used high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyse the composition and function of soil microbiota. The composition and diversity of soil microbiota significantly differed between towns. The dominant bacteria at the phylum level included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria. At the genus level, Chujaibacter, Acidipila, and Lactobacillus were dominant. However, Steroidobacter, Comamonas, and Pseudoxanthomonas were only dominant in Xinpu with high centenarian population. Twelve biomarkers were responsible for significant differences between towns, including Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Chitinophagales, etc. The main species contributing to the differences of towns were Chujaibacter, Acidipila, Lactobacillus, Rhodanobacter, Lysobacter, Bryobacter, Granulicella, Flavobacterium, and Mizugakiibacter. The function of exosome, cysteine and methionine metabolism, amino acid-related enzymes, peptidases, starch and sucrose metabolism, etc., were predicted. Thus, we have revealed significant differences in the composition and diversity of soil microbiota in the world’s longevity township, the relationship between soil microbiota and long-lived people. These findings provide a research foundation for the role of soil microbiota in healthy longevity.
Predicting Progression & Cognitive Decline in Amyloid-Positive Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Dansson Hákon Valur , Stempfle Lena , Egilsdóttir Hildur , Schliep Alexander , Portelius Erik , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Johansson Fredrik D.
Published: March 2021

BackgroundIn Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyloid- β (Aβ) peptides aggregate in the brain forming amyloid plaques, which are a key pathological hallmark of the disease. However, plaques may also be present in cognitively unimpaired elderly individuals. Therefore, it is of great value to explain the variance in disease progression among patients with Aβ pathology. MethodsA cohort of n= 2293 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database was selected to study heterogeneity in disease progression for individuals with Aβ plaque pathology. The analysis used baseline clinical variables including demographics, genetic markers and neuropsychological data to predict how the cognitive ability and AD diagnosis of subjects progressed using statistical models and machine learning. Due to the limited prevalence of Aβ pathology, models fit only to Aβ-positive subjects were compared to models fit to an extended cohort including subjects without established Aβ pathology, adjusting for covariate differences between the cohorts. ResultsAβ pathology status was determined based the Aβ 42 /Aβ 40 ratio. The best predictive model of change in cognitive test scores for Aβ-positive subjects at the two-year follow-up achieved an R 2 score of 0.388 while the best model predicting adverse changes in diagnosis achieved a weighted F1 score of 0.791. Conforming to expectations, Aβ-positive subjects declined faster on average than those without Aβ pathology, but the specific level of Aβ plaques was not predictive of progression rate. For the four-year prediction task of cognitive score change, the best model achieved an R 2 score of 0.325 and it was found that fitting models to the extended cohort substantially improved performance. Moreover, using all clinical variables outperformed the best model based only on baseline cognitive test scores which achieved an R 2 score of 0.228. ConclusionOur analysis shows that levels of Aβ plaques are not strong predictors of the rate of cognitive decline in Aβ-positive subjects. Baseline assessments of cognitive function accounts for the majority of variance explained in the prediction of two-year decline but is insufficient for achieving optimal results in longer-term predictions. Predicting changes both in cognitive test scores and in diagnosis provides multiple perspectives of the progression of potential AD subjects.
Comprehensive analysis of Downstream of Kinase (DOK) Genes in Pan-cancer
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Xu Lifeng , Li Yaxian , Xu Xin , Li Yongxiang
Published: March 2021

Background：Human cells are often mutated in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes under the action of tumorigenic factors. When gene mutations accumulate gradually, cells will lose the normal regulation of growth and lead to abnormal proliferation, and then tumors occur. Therefore, understanding the role of these mutated genes in tumors may be the direction of future cancer therapy. Downstream of Kinase (DOK) proteins are a family of polygenic adapters, some of which are key negative regulators of immune cell signal transduction. Its expression level varies significantly in different types of tumors, which is closely related to tumor formation, tumor microenvironment, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutation load.Methods：We mainly use "R" software to process and analyze the data, use "Limma" package and "Wilcox" test to analyze the difference of gene expression, and use Cox proportional Hazards Regression, Kruskal Test, One-class Logistic Regression (OCLR) algorithm and "Corrplot" package and other analysis methods to further process the subsequent data. To get the result that we want to analyze.Results：We found that the expression of DOK family genes varies across multiple tumors and is associated with patient survival. Further analysis showed that DOK gene was significantly associated with tumor immunity, tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation load, etc. DOK2 was highly sensitive to a variety of drugs.Conclusion：DOK gene family includes seven genes, DOK1-DOK7, which are significantly differentially expressed in a variety of tumors, and are significantly correlated with tumor immunity, tumor mutation load, tumor microenvironment, stemness indices, etc., which may provide potential therapeutic targets for future clinical treatment.
Extracellular IL-37 Enhances Osteogenic and Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells via Autophagy Pathway
Authors: Li Na , Chen Yan , Yan Ming , Wang Yanqiu , Wu Jintao , Fu Lin , Yu Jinhua
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) contributes to the restoration and regeneration of dental tissues. Previous study indicated that IL-37 has often been identified as an anti-inflammatory factor that affects other pro-inflammatory signals. It is known to be a factor capable of inducing in vitro osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). The aims of this study were to explore the effects of IL-37 on the differentiation of DPSCs.MethodsDPSCs were cultured in growth medium with different concentration of IL-37, ALP activity was done to detect the optimal concentration for the following experiments. CCK-8 were conducted to assess the effect of IL-37 on proliferation of DPSCs. To assess differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity, ALP staining, alizarin red S staining and real‐time RT‐PCR of DSPP, Runx2, ALP, and OSX were measured. Western blot was conducted to examine the levels of autophagy related markers (Beclin1, P62, LC3). ResultsCells cultured with 1 ng/mL IL-37 owned the highest ALP activity. IL-37 enhanced the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs following upregulated the expression of Beclin1, downregulated the expression of P62, and reduced the ratio of LC3II/I, whereas depletion of autophagy suppressed DPSCs osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation. ConclusionIL-37 increased osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation via autophagy.
Effect of Ultrasonication on the Size Distribution and Stability of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Suspension: an Asymmetrical Flow Field-flow Fractionation Study
Authors: Metzger Christoph , Drexel Roland , Meier Florian , Briesen Heiko
Published: March 2021

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based building blocks for sustainable advanced materials with prospective applications in polymer composites, emulsions, electronics, sensors, and biomedical devices. However, their high surface area-to-volume ratio promotes agglomeration, which restrains their performance in size-driven applications, thereby hindering commercial CNC utilization. In this regard, ultrasonication is commonly applied to disperse CNCs in colloidal suspensions; however, ultrasonication methodology is not yet standardized and knowledge of the effects of ultrasound treatments on CNC size distribution is scarce. This limits the ability to tailor CNC performance in advanced materials. Herein, colloidal suspensions of sulfated CNCs were treated with different ultrasound energy densities up to 40 kJ g−1 CNC and then size-fractionated with asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4). On-line multi-angle light scattering and ultraviolet spectroscopy along with off-line dynamic light scattering were used to determine the effect of ultrasonication on particle size distribution. High energy densities facilitated cumulative dispersion of CNC clusters and mean particle length decreased logarithmically with increasing energy density. The suspension’s electrical conductivity concurrently increased, which has been attributed to faster diffusion of smaller particles and exposure of previously obscured surface charges. Colloidal stability, investigated through electrical AF4 (EAF4) and electrophoretic light scattering, was not affected by ultrasonication. Occurrence of minor CNC agglomeration at low ultrasound energy densities over the course of six months suggest the effect was not unmitigatedly permanent.
Whole Transcriptome Analysis: Implication to Estrous Cycle Regulation
Authors: An Xiaopeng , Zhang Yue , Li Fu , Wang Zhanhang , Yang Shaohua , Cao Binyun
Published: March 2021

BackgroundEstrous cycle is one of female characteristics after sexual maturity, including estrus (ES) and diestrus (DS) stages. Estrous cycle is important in female physiology and its disorder may lead to diseases. In the latest years, effects of non-coding RNAs and mRNA on estrous cycle start to arouse much concern, however, a whole transcriptome analysis among non-coding RNAs and mRNA has not been reported.ResultsHere we report a whole transcriptome analysis of goat ovary in estrus and diestrus periods. Estrus synchronization was conducted to induce the estrus phase and on day 32, the goats naturally shifted into diestrus stage. The ovary RNA of estrus and diestrus stages was respectively collected to perform RNA-sequencing. Then the circular RNA; microRNA; long non-coding RNA; mRNA databases of goat ovary were acquired, and the differentially expressions between estrus and diestrus stages were screened to construct circRNA-miRNA-mRNA/lncRNA and lncRNA-miRNA/mRNA networks, thus providing potential pathways that involved in the regulation of estrous cycle. Differentially expressed mRNAs, such as MMP9, TIMP1, 3BHSD and PTGIS, and differentially expressed microRNAs, such as miR-21-3p，miR-202-3p and miR-223-3p, which play key roles in estrous cycle regulation were extracted from the network.ConclusionsOur data provided the miRNA, circRNA, lncRNA and mRNA databases of goat ovary and each differentially expressed profile between ES and DS. Networks among differentially expressed miRNAs, circRNAs, lncRNAs and mRNAs were constructed to provide valuable resources for the study of estrous cycle and related diseases.
Synthesis and Characterization of )CeO(x-) CuO(1-x Nanocomposite by Simple Aqueous Route for Solar Cell Application
Authors: Salih Wafaa M. , Rheima Ahmed Mahdi , Kadhum Haider A.
Published: March 2021

This work concludes the synthesis of CeO-CuO nanocomposite by one-pot preparation method using three different molar ratios. The resulted nanocomposite was characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM and the results show that this nanocomposite was found as spherical-like nanoparticles with high purity and the average particle size is in the range of 10-20 nm.. Furthermore, this nanocomposite was used in the solar cell application as photo anode and the results showed that the efficiency increase with increase of (x) content in the (CuO)x–(CeO2)1-x.
Mitigating Potentials of Antioxidant-Rich Plants in Earthworms Exposed to Glyphosate
Authors: Ayanda Isaac O , Ajayi Tolulope O.
Published: March 2021

Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide that has adverse effects on non-target organisms. This present study investigated the toxic effects of glyphosate on earthworms and the potential of antioxidant-rich plants, Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis remediate these effects. Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were placed into four groups and treated with concentrations of 1, 2 and 3% glyphosate in soil. The last group was a control group. The worms were collected on the 3rd, 7th and 14th, days post-exposure. During these intervals, the weight of the worms and activities of antioxidant enzyme - superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to determine the level of antioxidant responses. Furthermore, the percentage of DNA fragmentation was measured to assess the level of DNA damage. Compared with the control group, earthworms exposed to glyphosate and fed with Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis showed varying responses, with increased activities of CAT, SOD, GSH and reduced levels of MDA. Also, decreased fragmented DNA was observed in earthworm groups fed with Ocimum gratissimum and Telfairia occidentalis in comparison with the group treated exclusively with the herbicide. These results suggest that toxicity from glyphosate exposure significantly reduced oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in Eisenia fetida by the antioxidant-rich plants. It is conceivable that soil organisms could suffer a significant mortality when exposed to high concentrations of glyphosate. The cultivation of these plants should be encouraged while caution should be exercised in the use of the herbicides.
Determinants of Acceptance of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Among Lebanese Health Care Workers Using Health Belief Model
Authors: Youssef Dalal , Abbas Linda Abou , Berry Atika , Youssef Janet , Hassan Hamad
Published: March 2021

Background: Since Health care workers (HCWs) are at high occupational risk for COVID-19, they are prioritized for immunization. This study aims to assess the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs and to identify its determinants.Methodology: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted over the period extending from 10 to 31 December 2020 among Lebanese HCWs. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as theoretical framework. Descriptive statistics were reported using frequency with percentages for categorical variables. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were carried out to identify the factors associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. Adjusted odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals were reported. The level of statistical significance was set at a p-value < 0.05. Results: A total of 1800 HCWs have completed the survey. Around half of them were frontliners aged between (30-49) years old. About two third (67.33%) have received their influenza vaccine this year. The acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine among surveyed HCWs was 58%. Being a male (aOR=1.988, 95% CI (1.411-2.801)), working in the frontline (aOR=1.610, 95% CI (1.173-2.209), and having received influenza vaccination this year (aOR=1.378, 95% CI(0.990-1.916))were significantly associated with higher COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. However, living in rural area (aOR=0.606, 95%CI (0.440-0.836)), personal history of COVID-19 (aOR=0.695, 95%CI (0.470-1.029), novelty of vaccine (aOR=0.424, 95% CI (0.255-0.706)), side effects (aOR=0.413, 95%CI (0.234-0.731), reliability of manufacturer (aOR=0.434, 95% CI (0.297-0.633) and vaccine frequency (aOR=0.580, 95% CI (0.403-0.836) were negatively associated with the willingness to take it. Remarkably, limited availability (aOR=2.161, 95% CI(1.461-3.197) and accessibility (aOR=1.680, 95% CI (1.141-2.474) to the vaccine were also positively associated to its uptake. Similarly, HCWs who perceived vaccine benefits were more likely to get vaccinated (aOR=11.048, 95% CI (7.993-15.269)). With regards to cues of action, having reliable and adequate information regarding the vaccine (aOR=1.979, 95% CI (1.361-2.878)), recommendation by health authorities (aOR=1.976, 95% CI(1.343-2.908)) or health facilities (aOR=2.684, 95% CI(1.804-3.994)) were positively linked to vaccine acceptance, whilst recommendation by family members (aOR=0.479, 95% CI(0.283-0.811)) was negatively related to it. Conclusion:Pointing out the factors driving moderate vaccine acceptance among HCWs via targeting messages addressing key concerns would be required to reach higher vaccination rate.
ARA-Linker-TGFαL3: A Novel Chimera Protein to Target Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Ghadaksaz Abdolamir , Fooladi Abbas Ali Imani , Hosseini Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh , Satari Taher Nejad , Amin Mohsen
Published: March 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Efficacy of Community Factors in the Implementation of Community-Based Interventions to Improve Antenatal Care: Lessons from IMCHA Programme, Tanzania
Authors: Joseph Chakupewa , Maluka Stephen O
Published: March 2021

Background: Efforts to improve antenatal care have been heightened to reduce global maternal deaths. In resource-limited settings, community-based interventions play a pivotal role in improving antenatal care services. However, effective implementation of community-based interventions is influenced by prevailing community-related factors. Drawing from the community-based interventions implemented in Iringa Region in Tanzania, this paper underscores how community factors influenced implementation and ultimate improvement of antenatal care services.Methods: A qualitative case study design involving interviews (n=86) and focus group discussions (n=6). Data was collected in Kilolo and Mufindi districts in Iringa Region and analysed thematically. Results: The community readiness to adopt the interventions and effective local administrative systems were the key factors that influenced the implementation of the community-based interventions. Stakeholders’ engagement and the local health system support were also pivotal for improving antenatal care services. However, physical environment, bullying of implementers of interventions and family-related challenges constrained the implementation of the interventions.Conclusion: The performance of community-based interventions was highly determined by the community-related factors. In-depth understanding and adequate management of community engagement are important during the planning, development and implementation of the interventions. Inadequate community engagement may lead to community members reluctance to adopt and implement community-based interventions.
Predictive Analysis of the Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Endpoints of Naphthalene and its Derivatives
Authors: Oso Babatunde , Agboola Olubukola , Awotula Ayodeji , Olaoye Ige , Akhigbe Godswill , Nwokeocha Emmanuel
Published: March 2021

The study was conducted to determine the putative pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of naphthalene and its derivatives, hence determining their harmful effects, if any in the normal daily function of the human system. The effects of these compounds on hormonal homeostasis and the endocrine system were also evaluated. The pharmacokinetic ADMET (Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties were determined by running a computer-simulated prediction on the compounds based on their canonical SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) structure using the pkCSM online prediction tool. The Canonical SMILES structures were obtained from the PubChem database. The predictive endocrine disruption potential was evaluated using the Endocrine Predictome computational tool which uses a molecular docking system to predict the interaction between the investigated chemicals and the affected nuclear receptors. The results showed that naphthalene and the derivatives have relatively high log P values, implying their respective lipophilicity; however, only naphthalene-1,2,6,7-tetrol could not permeate the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, all the selected compounds are substrates of the P-glycoprotein and do not inhibit their activity. The results also indicated that naphthalene and all four selected derivatives could have an inhibitory effect on the CYP1A2 enzyme and a disruptive effect on some endocrine functions due to their respective high binding affinity with endocrine receptors. In conclusion, the study showed that naphthalene and the derivatives could have adverse effects on the physiological function of the body vis-à-vis neurological damages, and various metabolic disorders. The predictive influence on the endocrine system also indicated the selected chemicals could induce detrimental changes in endocrine functions.
The Dynamics of a Four-Step Feedback Procedure to Control Chaos
Authors: Cánovas Jose S.
Published: March 2021

In this paper we make a description of the dynamics of a four-step procedure to control the dynamics of the logistic map. Some massive calculations are made for computing the topological entropy with prescribed accuracy. This provides us the parameter regions where the model has a complicated dynamical behavior. Our computations also show the dynamic Parrondo's paradox ``simple+simple=complex'', which should be taking into account to avoid undesirable dynamics.
Analysis of Histomorphological/molecular Association and Immune Checkpoint Regulators in Epithelioid Glioblastoma and Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma: Are These Tumors Potential Candidate for Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Mahajan Swati , Singh Jyotsna , Jha Prerna , Dandapath Iman , Chaturvedi Sujata , Ahuja Arvind , Bhardwaj Minakshi , Saran Ravindra Kumar , Garg Ajay , Sharma Mehar Chand , Manjunath Niveditha , Suri Ashish , Sarkar Chitra , Suri Vaishali
Published: March 2021

IntroductionEpithelioid glioblastoma (eGB) was adopted as a provisional entity in the 2016 WHO classification of central nervous tumors. Accurate diagnosis of eGBs and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is sometimes challenging owing to overlapping histological and genetic features. There are limited reports on immune profile of these tumors. Materials and methodsTwenty one PXA’s [15 PXA, 6 Anaplastic-PXA (A-PXA) and 14 eGB’s were assessed for histopathological and molecular association and their immune profile was compared to primary (1°) GBs (n-18).ResultsPXA cases showed extensive whereas variable positivity for epithelial and glial markers was seen in A-PXAs and eGBs. All cases showed retained nuclear ATRX and INI-1. H3K27M or IDH mutation was seen in none. P53 mutation was more common in eGB’s (57%) and A-PXA (33.33%) as compared to PXA (13.33%). None of the 1° GB’s harbored BRAF V600E, which was observed in 57% PXA and 50% eGBs with 100% concordance between immunohistochemistry and sequencing. EGFR amplification was observed in 14% eGB’s and 66% of 1° GB’s. PDL1 and CTLA-4 expression was higher in eGB’s (71.4% & 57.1%), A-PXA (66.6% &100%) and PXA (60% & 66.7%) as compared to 1° GB’s (38.8% & 16.7%). T cell infiltration was also observed in majority of eGB’s and PXA (90-100%) cases in contrast to 1°GB’s (66%). ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive analysis highlighting homogenous molecular profile and immune microenvironment of eGB and PXA, suggesting that they are closely related. Upregulation of PD-L1, CTLA4 and increased TIL’s in these tumors suggests potential candidature for immunotherapy.
Genetically Encoded Dihydroxyphenylalanine Coupled with Tyrosinase for Strain Promoted Labelling
Authors: George Augustine , Indhu Mohan , Ashokraj Sundarapandian , Shanmugam Ganesh , Ganesan Ponesakki , Kamini Numbi Ramudu , Niraikulam A.
Published: March 2021

Protein modifications through the genetic code engineering method have a remarkable impact on macromolecule engineering, protein translocation, protein-protein interaction, and cell biology. Here, the newly developed molecular biology approach expanding the genetic code was used for fine tuning of protein for biological availability. For that non-canonical amino acid dihydroxyphenylalanine was genetically incorporated at the defined site in the protein. Further, the congener protein was enzymatically controlled for direct conversion of quinone for strain promoted click chemistry reaction. It yields a single product with defined stereochemistry and temporally controlled conjugation with BCN. The feasibility was explored for selective cell imaging and programmed cell death in HeLa cells.
Numerical Simulation of Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls Using Force-Based Fiber Element Method
Authors: KARATON MUHAMMET , Osmanlı Ömer Faruk , GÜLŞAN Mehmet Eren
Published: March 2021

Reinforced concrete shear walls are the structural elements that considerably increase the seismic performance of buildings. Fiber elements and fiber-spring elements are used for the modeling of the inelastic behavior of these elements. The Fiber Element Method provides a certain amount of accuracy for the modeling of reinforced concrete shear walls. However, the studies related to this method are still in progress.
In this study, the efficiency of the force-based Fiber Element Method is investigated for different damping ratios and different damping types that used in the structural damping for reinforced concrete shear wall structures. Two shear wall structures that subjected to seismic loads are used for the comparison of numerical analysis and experimental results. The comparisons are achieved according to the absolute maximum values of the overturning moment, the base shear force, and the roof displacement. Rayleigh damping and stiffness-proportional damping types for the damping ratios that vary between 2-3% provide better results than mass-proportional damping. Additionally, the optimum number of fiber element for Rayleigh and stiffness-proportional damping types is determined for the optimum damping ratio that provides minimum differences between numerical analysis and experimental results. For these damping types, when the length of a fiber is smaller than 3% of the longitudinal length of the shear wall at the optimum damping ratios, the roof displacement differences between numerical analysis and experimental results are less than 2.5%.
Genetic Analysis of Oligo-Metastatic Breast Cancer: Correlation with Clinicopathological Features
Authors: Jiang Kuikui , Zhou Danyang , Xu Fei , Xia Wen , Zheng Qiufan , Lu Qianyi , Wang Liye , Lee Kaping , Luo Hanjia , Zhang Ping , Luo Rongzhen , Hong Ruoxi , Wang Shusen
Published: March 2021

Purpose: We aimed to identify the relationship between the genomic characteristics and clinicopathological features of oligo-metastatic breast cancer.Methods: Oligo-metastatic breast cancer diagnosed by pathology from January 2001 and August 2019 were identified and we matched the poly-metastatic patients based on the clinicopathological features of the oligo-metastatic patients included. The database of all genomic alterations was shown according to the FoundationOne CDx reports. Clinicopathological characteristics were collected and the results of next-generation sequencing were analyzed.Results: A total of 26 breast cancer patients were enrolled in our study, including 14 patients with oligo-metastatic disease and 12 patients with poly-metastatic disease. There was no significant difference in number of gene alteration, tumor mutational burden, variants of unknown significance (VUS), and actional mutation in oligo- and poly-metastasis. PIK3CA, TP53 and ERBB2 were the most common shared alterations identified in patients included. Based on the median time of oligo-progression disease (oligo-PD), we divided the patients with oligo-metastasis into longer oligo-PD group (oligo-PD > 31.04 months) and shorter oligo-PD group (oligo-PD ≤ 31.04 months). The analysis of PIK3CA mutation sites showed that H1047R was associated with a good prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. HER2 positive patients with oligo-metastasis was more likely to have a good prognosis. In addition, VUS might also be a potential prognostic biomarker in metastatic breast cancer. Conclusion: Through the genetic analysis of oligo-metastasis, we found PIK3CA H1047R, HER2 and VUS might predict the different clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients with oligo-metastasis for the individualized treatment.
Combined melatonin-adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy effectively protected the testis from testicular torsion-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Yen‐Ta , Chuang Fei-Chi , Yang Chih‐Chao , Chiang John Y. , Sung Pei‐Hsun , Chu Yi-Ching , Huang Chi-Ruei , Huang Kuan-Hui , Yip Hon-Kan
Published: March 2021

Background: This study tested the hypothesis that combined melatonin (Mel) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) treatment was superior to either one alone on protecting the testis against acute testicular torsion-induced ischemia-reperfusion (TTIR) injury. Methods and Results: Male-adult SD rats (n=30) were equally categorized into group 1 (sham-operated control), group 2 [TTIR/by torsion of right/left testis (i.e., ischemia) with rotated 720 degrees counterclockwisely for 2h, then detorsion (i.e., reperfusion) to the original position for 72h], group 3 (TTIR + Mel/intraperitoneal administration/50 mg/kg at 30 minutes after ischemia, followed by 20 mg at 3h and days 1/2/3 after TTIR), group 4 (TTIR + ADMSC/1.2 x 106 cells/intravenous administration at 30 minutes after ischemia, followed by days 1/2 TTIR) and group 5 (TTIR + Mel + ADMSC). The result showed that the protein expressions of oxidative-stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/oxidized-protein), apoptotic/mitochondrial-damaged (mitochondrial-Bax/cleaved-caspase3/cleaved-PARP/cytosolic-cytochrome C) and fibrotic (TGF-ß/Smad3) biomarkers as well as testicular damage scores were lowest in group 1, highest in group 2 and significantly higher in groups 3/4 than in group 5, but they showed no difference between groups 3/4, whereas the protein expressions of androgen receptor (AR) and vimentin showed an opposite pattern of oxidative stress (all p<0.0001). The cellular levels of inflammation (MMP-9/MPO/CD68) exhibited an identical pattern, whereas the numbers of Sertoli cells, α-tubulin, AR and vimentin as well as thickness of seminiferous tubule exhibited an opposite pattern of oxidative stress among the groups (all p<0.0001).Conclusion: Mel-ADMSCs effectively protected the testis against TTIR injury.
The effects of forest fires on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases
Authors: Souza Amaury , Abreu Marcel Carvalho , Oliveira-Júnior José Francisco de , Aviv-Sharon Elinor , Cavazzana Guilherme Henrique , Fernandes Widinei Alves
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To analyze the effect of spatially exposure to fire risk on the occurrence of respiratory diseases in the municipalities of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil.
Methods

This was an ecological study of spatial prevalence of hospitalization for respiratory diseases and fire risk using Monte Alegre index. This methodology reduces the risk as precipitation occurs, where the volume of rain (in mm) is considered as danger lane changer. The empirical Bayesian method and a multiple regression spatial response variable were used to model the prevalence of hospitalization for respiratory diseases, and the exposure variable fire hazard. For calibration, the proxies of fire outbreaks and surface ozone concentration, precipitation and humidity were used.
Results

We observed statistically significant associations between the prevalence of hospitalization for respiratory diseases and the risk of fire.
Conclusions

fire risks triggering fires are highly related to the prevalence of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in vulnerable sub populations in the municipalities of the State of Mato Grosso.
Risk Perception of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acceptability of a COVID-19 Vaccine in Nigeria
Authors: Iheanacho Chinonyerem , Enechukwu Okechuckwu Harrison , Aguyi-Ikeany Chinelo Nneka
Published: March 2021

Background: Vaccines are highly anticipated for the control of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, however their acceptance is critical for the desired benefit. This study assessed risk perception of COVID-19 and acceptability of its vaccine in Nigeria. It also assessed prediction of vaccine acceptance from risk perception. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based study was conducted among 410 participants in the six geo-political regions of Nigeria using a three-part questionnaire developed using Google forms. The questionnaire link was distributed via snowball method to consenting participants through online platforms. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square and binomial regression) using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 24 were used to analyze data, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 410 respondents participated in the study and high risk perception of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) was seen in 127(66.1%) of respondents. Vaccine acceptance was high in 233(56.8%) of respondents, and was significantly associated with geo-political region (P=0.028). Association between COVID-19 risk perception and vaccine acceptance showed that persons who had high risk perception of COVID-19 may not necessarily accept the vaccine (OR=0.450; 95% CI=0.297–0.683; P=0.000) and this was seen in persons with tertiary education (OR=0.458; 95% CI=0.297-0.706; P=0.000), married (OR=0.194; 955%CI =0.098-0.386; P=0.000), from South-south (OR=0.352; 95%CI=0.163–0.760; P=0.008) and North-central (OR=0.429; 95% CI= 0.189-0.972; P=0.043).Conclusions: High risk perception of COVID-19, and vaccine acceptance were relatively average. Regional and socio-demographic variations were associated with this finding, and it was also noted that high risk perception of COVID-19 may not likely result in vaccine acceptance. Strategic and targeted messaging on vaccine acceptance should be prioritised by stakeholders, to ensure successful vaccine implementation.
Complement C4 is Reduced in iPSC-Derived Astrocytes of Autism Spectrum Disorder Subjects
Authors: Mansur Fernanda , Silva André Luiz Teles e , Santos-Gomes Ana Karolyne , Magdalon Juliana , de Souza Janaina Sena , Griesi-Oliveira Karina , Passos-Bueno Maria Rita , Sertie Andrea Laurato
Published: March 2021

In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that the innate immune complement system is involved in several aspects of normal brain development and in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although abnormal expression of complement components was observed in post-mortem brain samples from individuals with ASD, little is known about the expression patterns of complement molecules in distinct cell types in the developing autistic brain. In the present study, we characterized the mRNA and protein expression profiles of a wide range of complement system components, receptors and regulators in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells, neurons and astrocytes of individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls, which constitute in vitro cellular models that recapitulate certain features of both the human brain development and ASD pathophysiology. We observed that all the analyzed cell lines constitutively express several key complement molecules. Interestingly, using different quantification strategies, we found that complement C4 mRNA and protein are expressed in significantly lower levels by astrocytes derived from ASD individuals compared to control. As astrocytes participate in synapse elimination and diminished C4 levels have been linked to defective synaptic pruning, our findings may contribute to an increased understanding of the atypically enhanced brain connectivity in ASD.
Mono-crystalline nanometer high cristobalite glass-ceramic from nominal pyroxene glass
Authors: EL-Rafei Amira , Azoz Moenis A , Hamzawy Esmat M A
Published: March 2021

Transparent glass was prepared from nominal alkali pyroxene (Na2 Mg Si2O6) composition. Incorporation of Cr2O3 in alkali pyroxene composition in two % (0.5 and 1.0) increases the crystallization temperature. High cristobalite was developed alone in all glass samples heat-treated at 800°C. The microstructure shows nanometer crystals of high cristobalite which spread in glassy matrix. The densities, hardness and coefficient of thermal expansion were between 2.49 and 2.53 g/cm3, 505 and 611 kg/mm2 and between 9.38 and 13.32 x 10− 6°C− 1 (30–300 ˚C ) respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared glass and ceramics shows that the only samples contain 1% of Cr2O3shows an inhibition zone in case of Candida albicans yeast.
N6-Methyladenosine methylome landscape and a novel m6A-related gene risk signature associated with the prognosis of glioblastoma
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Li Boyan , He Zheng , Zhang Shouji , Guo Qindong , Zhang Ping , Qiu Wei , Qi Yanhua , Zhao Shulin , Pan Ziwen , Guo Xing , Xue Hao , Li Gang
Published: March 2021

Background

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) represents one of the most prevalent mRNA modification, strongly linked to the initiation and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). However, the global transcriptome-wide patterns of m6A in GBM are largely unknown.
Methods

RNA m6A modification patterns in GBM and normal brain tissues were described via m6A-sequencing (m6A-seq). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify genes for constructing an m6A-related gene risk signature. A nomogram was developed by integrating the risk signature with clinicopathological factors. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the performance of the prognostic model.
Results

Here, we reported transcriptome-wide m6A modification profiling in GBM and normal brain tissues for the first time, illuminating highly differences between these two groups, showing that m6A regulates large number of genes and cancer-related pathways. We demonstrated an m6A-regulated 8-gene risk signature that correlated with poor prognosis of GBM patients from the TCGA dataset, and validated its efficiencies in LeeY, Gravendeel and CGGA datasets. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram that integrated the risk signature with clinicopathological factors and validated its better performance for predicting the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of GBM patients.
Conclusion

This study presents the first m6A transcriptome-wide map of human GBM and normal brain tissues, whose m6A landscape is greatly altered in GBM; In addition, an epigenetic m6A-related 8-gene risk signature and a nomogram are established, whose efficiencies have a high potential to further improve the individualised therapy in GBM patients.
Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19- a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Kader Manzur , Hossain Md. Afzal , Reddy Vijayendar , Perera Nirmala K. Panagodage
Published: March 2021

Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory tract disease. The most common clinical manifestation of severe COVID-19 is acute respiratory failure. Respiratory rehabilitation can be a crucial part of treatment but data lack for patients with COVID-19. This study investigates the effects of short-term respiratory rehabilitation (i.e., breathing exercises) on respiratory recovery among hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Methods: This quasi-experimental, pre-post-test study recruited 110 patients hospitalised with COVID-19. All patented received standardised care, and 65 patients also received the intervention (i.e., breathing exercises). Data on peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (breaths/minute) and heart rate (beats/minute) and oxygen therapy requirement (litre/min) were collected at baseline and 4-5 days after the baseline assessment. Analysis of variance on repeated measures was applied to compare the outcomes of two-time points. Results: The mean (±Standard deviation, SD) age of the intervention group was 49.5 (±10.4) years and 73.8% were men. The mean (±SD) age of the control group was 49.3 (±7.9) years and 62.2% were men. After 4-5 days of respiratory rehabilitation SpO2 (96.7% ±2.1 vs 90.4% ±1.5), P<0.01), respiratory rate (20.5 ±2.4 vs 23.0 ±2.2) breaths/minute, P<0.01), heart rate (80.5 ±9.2 vs 91.2 ±8.6) beats/minute, P<0.01), and oxygen therapy requirement (0.4 ±0.98 vs 1.4 ±2.0) litre/min, P<0.01) improved in the intervention group compared to the control group. The mean days of hospitalisation for the intervention group and the control group were 7.1 days vs. 14.6 days, respectively. Conclusions:Our results indicate that breathing exercise, even for a short period, is effective in improving certain respiratory parameters in patients with COVID-19. As a non-invasive and cost-effective respiratory rehabilitation intervention, breathing exercise can be a useful tool for a health care system overwhelmed by COVID-19 pandemic. These results should be considered preliminary until they are replicated in larger samples in different settings.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Presented as Atypical Ocular Toxoplasmosis: a Case Report
Authors: Pour Elias Khalili , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Esteghamati Violet Zaker , Zarei Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Background: The aim is to report an atypical presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis which led to the diagnosis of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Case report: The 38-year-old woman was referred with metamorphopsia and reduced vision in the right eye in the past 3 weeks. Slit-lamp examination revealed granulomatous keratic precipitates (KPs), 2+ cells in the anterior chamber, and posterior synechiae. Fundus examination was remarkable for a white patch surrounding a scar, inferonasal to the optic disc with fibrous bands were emanating from the lesion and the retina around this region was detached with considerable extension towards periphery, while no breaks could be appreciated. She mentioned anorexia and losing 10 kg in the past three months and bilateral angular cheilitis was observed on systemic evaluation. The results of the patient's complete blood count revealed bicytopenia and CD4 lymphocytes: 79 cells/µl. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for HIV antibodies came back positive which was later confirmed with the Western-blot test. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed multiple ring-enhancing lesions in both cerebral cortices. Patient underwent Anti-Toxoplasmosis and Anti-HIV treatment and serous retinal detachment was completely resolved. Conclusion: This report highlights the fact that sometimes the eyes are the site of the first presentation of a systemic life-threatening condition and emphasizes the role of ophthalmologists in such cases. In cases of atypical presentation, appropriate laboratory tests and CNS imaging should be requested. Systemic treatment with anti-toxoplasmosis regimens and HAART is mandatory in AIDs patients with ocular toxoplasmosis.
Promotion and Potential Analysis of Biogas Plants to Produce Compressed Biomethane Gas for Transportation in Thailand
Authors: tonrangklang pennapa , Theryothin Apichit , Preechawuttipong Itthichai
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe implementation of activities agriculture resulted in a large amount of wastewater and organic waste. In the past, Thailand has been using these to produce biogas to replace fossil fuels in the country. At present, biogas production has a residual amount due to no use in farms/factories. So, it to be released into the atmosphere. The government has a policy of biogas by the upgrade to produced biomethane for fuel vehicles but it is still just a prototype system. Therefore, if the government has targeted of the development biomethane in commercial plants, it is necessary to analyze the financial feasibility to an incentive of investors and plan for energy effective support. Including, people can use gas at a reasonable price and create a comprehensive energy source in sustainable agriculture.ResultsThe research evaluates the commercial investment potential of compressed biomethane gas plants based on upgrading biogas by water scrubber technology. The results identified biogas plants must have a digester volume of 2,000 m3 or more to produce compressed biomethane gas. Locations of 10 plants with the potential to establish compressed biomethane gas plants in Thailand. The capacity of compressed biomethane gas plants at 3, 6, 12 and 24 tons/day with no subsidy, subsidy 20% and 30% from the government. The plant should have a capacity of 12 tons/day or more in on subsidy from the government that there will be a financial possibility. The government should be subsidy at 30% in the plants of capacity at 3 tons/day for small plants can operate their businesses, subsidy 20% in the plants of capacity at 6 tons/day. In the part of plants more 12 tons/day which the government should be added measures such as Measures for low-interest loans, tax relief measures, etc. In addition, 10 locations will be expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by about 78,333 tCO2e/year. Conclusion﻿This study can be used to support decision-making on commercial investment in clean technology to promote the use of resources in agriculture for efficient transportation and support energy-efficient plans to provide an alternative sustainable fuel source to reduce global warming.