bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Appraisal Right in terms of Section 164 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008: An Overview
Authors: Phakeng Madimetja A L
Published: October 2022

The appraisal right in terms of section 164 of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 has been applicable to fundamental transactions undertaken by companies for a number of years. The first two aims of this article are first to provide an overview of the appraisal right, and second to revisit certain concerns that were raised about the determination of fair value by the courts where a shareholder makes an application to court for a determination of fair value. It is suggested that this should not present a major problem in practice, considering that existing practice in takeover laws requires the valuation of shares by an independent expert when a company undertakes an affected transaction. In the main, the requirements for fundamental transactions overlap with those for affected transactions. The requirements for affected transactions adequately deal with the determination of fair value. The third aim is to provide an overview of how companies attempt to limit the effect of the appraisal right on fundamental transactions using various terms and conditions precedents, and the fourth is to discuss developments in case law on the appraisal right remedy. It is concluded that the decisions of the courts on its application will assist companies in structuring fundamental transactions and shareholders in exercising the appraisal right. Finally, the article suggests reasons for including certain subsections in the appraisal right remedy, for instance, the power of the courts to award costs in certain respects and a requirement that extends the time periods within which a shareholder may make a demand where the company fails to comply with specific requirements. It is suggested that this enhances the ability of shareholders to exercise the appraisal right. The article also provides concluding remarks advising companies and shareholders. In the case of companies, it concludes, for instance, that due diligence in identifying the risk that certain shareholders may raise appraisal rights is required before initiating a transaction that may be subject to appraisal rights. Failure to do so may be costly to the company. And, in the case of shareholders, failure to adhere to the required procedures may result in loss of their appraisal right remedy, or loss of the right to approach the courts for an appropriate relief under the appraisal right remedy.
Feasibility and impact of a one-stop thyroid clinic in a low- and middle-income country
Authors: Krishna A , Mishra S , Mishra A , Kumar S , Rao R , Yadav S , Mayilvaganan S , Chand G , Agarwal G , Agarwal A
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: The study was done to evaluate the feasibility, safety and outcomes of a one-stop thyroid clinic (OSTC) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting METHODS: This was a prospective non-randomised case control study consisting of patients with thyroid nodules evaluated and managed at a tertiary referral centre in an LMIC between February 2019 and January 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on the kind of preoperative evaluation protocol: OSTC group (n =118) - OSTC protocol, and control group (CG, n = 108) - routine protocol RESULTS: Baseline clinical characteristics of the two groups including median age (p = 0.13) and gender distribution (p = 0.76) were comparable. The majority of patients in both groups belonged to a low-income group (46.6% vs 47.3%; p = 0.91), followed by a middle-income group (35.6% vs 30.5%; p = 0.41). The median number of outpatient department visits (1 vs 3 days; p = < 0.001), waiting time for neck ultrasonography (1 vs 3 days; p = < 0.0001), fine needle aspiration cytology (1 vs 2 days; p = < 0.0001), and out of pocket expenditure (INR 3 965 vs 6 624; p = < 0.001) was significantly less in the OSTC group compared to the CG. Patients in the OSTC group reported better satisfaction levels (p = < 0.0001). Accuracy of diagnosis did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.14 CONCLUSION: OSTC practice is feasible, provides comparative clinical outcomes and seems cost effective in an LMIC. This protocol can be adopted as a routine practice in any health system
Strategies for recovery of a surgical service in the COVID-19 era
Authors: Nel D
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a massive backlog of elective cases. Delays in the provision of "elective" surgical care have dire consequences for the patient: progression of disease and comorbidities, higher complication rates, and lower overall survival. Delays in elective surgery also have significant consequences for the health system: added emotional strain on healthcare workers, a reduction in training opportunities, increased costs, and increased inequality in health-service provision. As the virus is likely to become endemic, the recovery of surgical services from the initial shock of the first three waves needs to be carefully planned, in order to mitigate the further loss of elective surgical services. This article presents a narrative review of the latest international guidelines and recommendations pertaining to surgical recovery strategies in the COVID-19 pandemic. To begin with, any recovery plan should be led by a local governance committee, who need to design and implement a number of strategies across the three phases of recovery. The preparation phase includes deciding on a system of case prioritisation, assessing and organising resources, and planning innovative ways to reorganise the service itself. The perioperative phase involves putting measures in place to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The post discharge phase includes the implementation of telemedicine for follow-up, as well as methods of service audit to enable continuous adjustment and improvement. Surgical service recovery presents many challenges; however, these also present a unique opportunity to reassess and improve the efficiency of surgical care delivery.
Epidemiology of primary bone tumours in Nigeria: a systematic review
Authors: Koyejo T , Olusunmade O , Olufemi O
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: Primary bone tumours, although rare, are an important rising cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. Late presentation, delayed diagnosis and failure to obtain consent for surgical procedures are important causes of loss of limb and life especially in the West African subregion. Existing data on primary bone tumours in Nigeria have been based on studies performed at various regional levels. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological pattern of primary bone tumours in Nigeria in general, including demographics, predominant tumour types and predominant skeletal location by reviewing existing data METHODS: A search of the following databases: University of Edinburgh Library, PubMed, CINAHL and SCOPUS from 2000 till January 2021 following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify studies conducted in Nigeria with relevant epidemiological data on primary bone tumours in Nigeria RESULTS: The search yielded a total of 952 hits from which seven hospital-based retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria for review. The estimated incidence rate of primary bone tumours ranged from 0.08 to 0.31 per 100 000 population. All studies showed a male preponderance. The peak age group of individuals presenting with both benign and malignant primary bone tumours was 11-20 years. Overall, benign tumours were more common. Osteochondromas were the most common benign tumours, while the commonest malignant tumours identified were osteosarcomas. The most common location for both benign and malignant tumours were the tibia and fibula CONCLUSION: Nigeria shares some similar epidemiological characteristics of primary bone tumour with other countries; however, some peculiar differences have been identified in this study. Population-based studies are required to obtain more accurate epidemiological data about this disease Level of evidence: Level 2
GUARDS Statistical Analysis Plan Version 1.1 v2
Authors: Catherine Williamson Professor
Published: October 2022

GUARDS is a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled single site trial. The participating centre in Spain will be Clinic University Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca” in Murcia. Women with an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) screen will be offered participation. After written informed consent, eligible women will be randomly assigned to UDCA or placebo at 24+0-30+6 weeks’ gestation until birth. All participants will be offered standard antenatal care, aiming for the GEDE guideline targets of blood glucose concentration between 3.9-7.8mmol/L (70 - 140 mg/dL). We will assess clinical efficacy, mechanisms of action and acceptability of UCDA in study participants. Clinical efficacy will be measured by maternal-infant glucose control using conventional capillary and novel continuous glucose measures and standard clinical measures for serum lipids (total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and total free fatty acids). Acceptability will be measured by patient compliance (pill counts) and confirmed by serum measurements of individual bile acids (including UDCA). Serum samples will be taken for UPLC-MS/MS measurement of bile acids (including UDCA), so it will be clear if women have taken (and absorbed) the drug. Obstetric and neonatal outcomes will be measured. This Statistical Analysis Plan sets out how we will analyse the trial.
Nuclei Extraction for tissue using Iodixanol Gradients v1
Authors: lab Kriegstein
Published: October 2022

Nuclei isolation using Iodixanol gradients geared for multiome
Automated 96-well PCR Purification v1
Authors: Rabines Ariel
Published: October 2022

This protocol describes a fully-automated PCR cleanup in a 96-well PCR plate format with AMPure XP beads on an Eppendorf epMotion. Multichannel pipetting with the 300 uL and 50 uL pipettes is used. It is designed to use the thermomixer module; however, this can be replaced by modifying the program to mix by pipetting. The bead magnet used in this program is a Alpaqua Low Elution Magnet Plate. We also use Eppendorf twin.tec PCR plates (LoBind, skirted, 150uL). IMPORTANT: The program is currently set to add of water to each well followed by beads. This results in an approximately 1:1.5 bead ratio with a starting volume of PCR product. Modify the first step accordingly with your starting volume and desired bead ratio. The manufacturer's instructions are found here: https://www.beckmancoulter.com/wsrportal/techdocs?docname=B37419 The epMotion program is attached here.
Margaret Thatcher’s UK School Reforms - Aims, Impact, and Legacy
Authors: McGuire John McKay
Published: October 2022

Rarely have changes to state funded school education in the United Kingdom (UK) been as significant or lasting as during the 1970 - 1990 period, under the direction of Education Secretary, and then Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher. This article will establish Thatcher’s place in the timeline of UK state funded education, before discussing the major changes to educational policy and teaching practice during the Thatcher premiership, including the complex socio-economic, cultural, and political context of these changes. Of particular interest is the 1988 Education Act, and the legacy this has had on UK schools and education.
Who promoted the nightlife of flirts? Freedom or capitalist bussiness?
Authors: Lopez de Aguileta Jaussi Ane , Torras-Gómez Elisabeth , Ríos-González Oriol , Racionero-Plaza Sandra
Published: October 2022

There is scientific and rich literature about sexual-affective relationships in the nightlife. Some of the contributions analyze the freedom or the harassments in those relationships. Less has been researched about to what extent the origin and evolution of the promotion and extension of the participation of young people in the nightlife was motivated by their demand for freedom or by the nightlife business. This article presents results of the research about this matter within the framework of the Horizon 2020 Allinteract project. In addition to desk research and a literature review, the research includes interviews to participants in the young nightlife from 1960 until 2022. Besides the diversity of ages and genders of interviewees, the results show three coincidences among all of them: a) they and their friends paid more for less on drinks than in any other consumption they made; b) the motivation for this payment was the will to feel attractive for others; c) disdainful hookups were normalized among those who do not feel attractive enough.
Amotivation: A Key Predictor of College GPA, College Match, and First-Year Retention
Authors: Norvilitis Jill M. , Reid Howard M. , O'Quin Karen
Published: October 2022

Two studies examined the relationships between motivational orientation, college student success, and first-year retention.  In Study 1, 523 college students completed measures of motivational orientation and student success.  Results indicated that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were positively related to college GPA, student-university match and adjustment to college. In contrast, amotivation was negatively related to these dependent variables. Study 2 examined a mediational model in which motivational orientation, most consistently amotivation, predicted lower college student GPA and poorer college match. These, in turn predicted a decrease in first-to-second-year retention among 385 first-year college students. These results suggest that colleges may wish to address amotivation among students as a way to enhance student success and retention.
A study of morphological changes in the mandible associated with sexual dimorphism: a digital panoramic study
Authors: Patil Karthikeya , Harshitha N. , Sanjay C.J. , Nagabhushana D. , Renuka Devi K.R. , Viveka S.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND: In forensic anthropology, osteological remains are widely used to assess various characteristics of a person, which helps in establishing the identity of the deceased or serves as additional evidence in controversial cases.
AIMS: The study aimed to measure, compare and distinguish the gender-related changes in the mandible among dentate of different age groups on digital panoramic radiographic images and to evaluate their reliability in sex determination that might serve as evidence in forensics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digital panoramic images were obtained for 420 patients, which included 210 males and 210 females. Various parameters such as gonial angle, condylar length, ramus length, cortical bone thickness and ramal notch width were measured and evaluated. The data obtained was subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and two-way ANOVA test.
RESULTS: Comparison between gender groups showed statistically significant differences in all parameters with p 0.05 except the ramal notch width. The mean value of all parameters, was found to be comparatively higher in males. Among the groups, gonial angle and ramus length were found to be higher on right side, but in ramal notch width it was higher on left. The condylar length among males showed greater value on right side, and females showed greater value on left side. The cortical bone thickness among males depicted greater value on left side, and females depicted greater value on right side. Thus, all parameters except the ramal notch width were found to be reliable in sex determination.
CONCLUSION: It was found that males had greater value when compared to females. Hence, this study recommends the use of these parameters for the purpose of sex determination.
Safety and Security in Remote, Rural, and Regional Policing
Authors: Rodgers Jess , Asquith Nicole
Published: October 2022

Policing outside of the metropole is unlike what we have come to know about policing. The rural, regional and remote (RRR) policing environment is shaped by environmental, organisational, community and criminality contexts that produce unique safety and security issues. This article examines these issues for RRR police and their families in Tasmania, Australia. Drawing on interviews with eight officers and observations of five officers in two districts, we find that both distance and isolation, and closeness (or propinquity), shapes the safety and security of RRR police. This article documents the individual strategies deployed by RRR officers to ensure their and their family’s safety, the gaps in policy and practice, and the necessary changes to the work conditions, station security, and housing arrangements of RRR officers. Addressing a gap at the juncture of RRR policing and police safety and security, this research considers what can be done to enhance the capacity of RRR officers to remain in RRR deployments.
Hepatoprotective effects of walnut oil and Caralluma tuberculata against paracetamol in experimentally induced liver toxicity in mice
Authors: Sana  , Ur Rahman Sahfiq , Zahid Muhammad , Khan Ayaz Ali , Aziz Tariq , Iqbal Zafar , Ali Waqar , Khan Fehmida Farid , Jamil Sumbal , Shahzad Muhammad , Alharbi Metab , Alshammari Abdulrahman
Published: October 2022

Walnut Oil and Caralluma are edible and form part of the traditional medicine system in many countries. These are frequently used in traditional medicine as remedies to relieve a wide range of illnesses and health problems. Walnut Oil and Caralluma species have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, antidiabetics, hepatoprotective, gastric mucosa protecting, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-trypanosomal, appetite suppressant and cytotoxic activities. The current study was planned to study the impacts of 21 days’ oral administration of walnut oil and methanolic extract of Caralluma tuberculata on the levels of some liver-associated parameters and hematological parameters in paracetamol intoxicated mice. It was observed that paracetamol intoxication resulted in a considerable rise in serum ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, Creatinine, and urea levels while a decrease in HDL level in comparison to mice normal control group (P<0.05). Serum ALT, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, and urea levels of mice that were administered with walnut oil and methanolic extract ofC. tuberculata at the doses of (1 ml/kg, 2 ml/kg and 3 ml/kg body weight) were significantly lower when compared to toxic control mice group (P<0.05), While HDL level was significantly increased. The significant reduction had also been observed in the levels of serum parameters of mice group, which received standard hepato-protective drug i.e., vitamin C, at the dose of 8 mg/kg body weight (P<0.05). Based on these results, it was evident that liver toxicity caused by the paracetamol administration has recovered toward the normal range by the walnut oil and C. tuberculata extract. Therefore, the present study revealed that (walnut oil andC. tuberculata) exhibit hepatoprotective activities in paracetamol intoxicated mice.
Strategy of a Policy of Memory on Postimperial Space
Authors:   Saratov State University, Anikin D. A.
Published: October 2022

Article is devoted transformation of social memory in the conditions of the post-Soviet territory. Specificity of the post-Soviet territory is designing of alternative types of the social memory meaningly opposed to the Soviet past. On the basis of the spatial analysis of social memory presented in works by P. Nora, and P. Burde’s structuralist methodology the author considers change of a symbolical configuration of the post-Soviet territory in which peripheral types of social memory take a dominating place.
Rational-Psychological Justification for an Empirical Criterion of «Self» Identity in Transcendental Philosophy by I. Kant
Authors:   Saratov State University, Stavropolski J. V.
Published: October 2022

This publication considers I. Kant’s views on self-consciousness, logical «self», and virtual «self», which have rendered their impact on contemporary comprehension of «self» identity in social psychology.
Attitude to Ward Health a Mang Young Workers
Authors:   Institute of Economics, Management and Law, Starovoytova S. Y.
Published: October 2022

The paper considers the relationship to the health of young workers. We give a literary analysis of the structure of health behavior. Identified and characterized differences in health behavior of men and women.
El ilusionismo: modelos productivos y reconsideraciones investigativas en tiempos de asilamiento
Authors: NIGRO MIGUEL ÁNGEL
Published: October 2022

El ilusionismo es un sistema espectacular basado en el engaño. Tres componentes esenciales se encadenan para que el evento sea efectivo: sujetos, objetos y contexto. Como otras expresiones artísticas, el ilusionismo sufre el impactado del aislamiento sanitario. Si una práctica fundada en la convivencia espectacular y en la participación colaborativa, es mediada por un soporte virtual, la teatralidad, entendida como acontecimiento del “aquí y ahora”, se debilita. Asumiendo como inefables estas distorsiones, es conveniente detenerse en las oportunidades que genera la situación actual, analizando los beneficios que la coyuntura provoca a nivel productivo e investigativo.

Esta reflexión aspira a ser un inciso de la investigación en curso, centrada en la práctica, y desarrollada en el marco del Doctorado en Artes de la UNA, cuyo tema de estudio es el objeto del ilusionismo.

Palabras claves: Ilusionismo, virtualidad, investigación, teatralidad.
Remembering Frank Cunningham
Authors: Coburn Elaine
Published: October 2022

Friends and colleagues of Frank Cunningham share their tributes in celebration and remembrance of Frank's scholarly and political contributions over a remarkable lifetime. The collection is dedicated to Frank and to his wife, Maryka Omatsu. Includes contributions from: Joseph Carens, Carol Gould, Michael Wade Donnelly, Melissa Williams, Ian Angus, Yoshikazu Nakatani, Esteve Morera, Edward Andrew, Seth Klein, Marjorie Griffin Cohen, Mario Reale, Peter H, Russell, Derek Allen, Kennedy Stewart, Michal Bodemann, Richard Stren, Igor Shoikhedbrod, Nicolas Blomley, Wayne Sumner, Ronald Beiner, Richard Sandbrook, Ingrid Leman Stefanovic, Philip Resnick, and Harry Glasbeek.  Tributes were collected by Elaine Coburn and production by Sean Cain of Better World Communications.
Cognitive theory of metaphor and Jerzy Wróblewski’s concept of legal interpretation
Authors: Zalewska Monika
Published: October 2022

Jerzy Wróblewski is one of the most prominent and influential legal theorists in Poland.  His theory of legal interpretation containing a division into linguistic, systemic and functional dimension is highly regarded by Polish legal community. However, when formulating the theory Wróblewski was aware that his theory lacks some elements. In his work he points out that despite three dimensions the result of the interpretation is still unpredictable. For instance, interpreter’s personality might be additional factor influencing legal interpretation process. In this context, Wróblewski compares the lawmaker to a composer and a subject making legal interpretation to a musician performing a piece of music. Wróblewski emphasizes the importance of such factors. However, an interpreter should disregard additional factors in the process of legal interpretation.
At the time, when Wróblewski formulated his theory, the cognitive science was not developed yet. Nowadays, Lakoff Johnson’s idea of conceptual metaphors is widely known and might be one of the missing elements Wróblewski had in mind. 
This paper will examine such possibility and its consequences. Firstly Wróblewski’s theory of legal interpretation will be presented. Next, I will move to a brief description of Lakoff-Johnson theory. Then, it will be discussed if such approach is possible in terms of Wróblewski’s theory. Finally, the necessary modification of legal interpretation theory will be analyzed. In this part, the key question is whether the metaphorical aspect is a new dimenson of legal interpretation.
Jak znaleźć wiarygodne „zielone” dane statystyczne?
Authors: Baszczyńska Aleksandra , Jędrzejczak Alina
Published: October 2022

W rozdziale przedstawione są najważniejsze zagadnienia dotyczące organizacji badania statystycznego zjawisk związanych ze zmianami klimatu i degradacją środowiska. Szczegółowo zaprezentowano różnorodne aspekty prac związanych ze zbieraniem, gromadzeniem i opracowywaniem danych statystycznych powiązanych pośrednio lub bezpośrednio z badaniami zielonej gospodarki. Integralną częścią opracowania jest prezentacja wybranych baz danych statystycznych z wyszczególnieniem kategorii i grup „zielonych” danych statystycznych.
Zielone zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi – czy i w jaki sposób zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi może wspierać efektywność ekologiczną firmy?
Authors: Urbaniak Bogusława
Published: October 2022

Zielone ZZL (ZZZL) sprawuje funkcję pośredniczącą między pracownikami i menedżerami, wspólnie dążącymi do realizacji celów strategicznych firmy z poszanowaniem zasad zielonej gospodarki. Odnosi się do funkcji personalnej, której wyróżnikiem jest aspekt ekologiczny w zgodzie z pozostałymi aspektami zrównoważonego rozwoju  ̶ ekonomicznym i społecznym. W rozdziale zwrócono uwagę na korzyści, które osiąga firma dzięki ZZZL. Przedstawiono główne obszary ZZZL oraz sposoby budowania zielonych kompetencji.
Zielona mobilność 4.0 - dokąd zmierzamy?
Authors: Motowidlak Urszula
Published: October 2022

Celem rozdziału jest wskazanie rozwiązań technologicznych, organizacyjnych i społecznych, które charakteryzują się dużym potencjałem w kształtowaniu modelu „zielonej” mobilności 4.0 w usieciowionym ekosystemie Smart. Analizie poddano wybrane czynniki kształtujące rozwój nowego ekosystemu mobilności. Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz wskazują, że innowacje i modele biznesowe w systemach mobilności zmieniają się gruntownie dzięki nowej generacji konsumentów, którzy oczekują współtworzenia wartości.
Soil health: definitions, history, key concepts and hurdles
Authors:   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, Wander Michelle M.
Published: October 2022

This chapter reviews the history and trajectory of soil quality and soil health as global scientific objectives. Sections review definitions and drivers, key concepts, and hurdles that change this field of effort before considering evolving methodologies.
Assessing the effects of compost on soil health
Authors:   University of California-Davis, USA, Lazcano Cristina , Decock Charlotte ,   California Polytechnic State University, USA, Wong Connie T. F. ,   University of California-Davis, USA, Garcia-Brucher Kamille ,   California Polytechnic State University, USA
Published: October 2022

As agricultural producers embrace the principles of the circular economy and regenerative practices, the use of organic fertilizers is becoming increasingly common. Composting is a robust, low-cost technology that stabilizes organic waste materials into organic fertilizers that can be safely applied to crops. Numerous experiments carried out in the last decades show that compost has well-known short- and long-term, direct, and indirect benefits for soil health, albeit these are extremely variable. This uncertainty may decrease grower adoption rates. This chapter provides a critical evaluation of the potential of compost to improve soil health. Looking at a wide range of soil health indicators, we identify those that are consistently responsive to compost. We identify sources of variability and potential risks of compost for environmental quality, pointing at future research needs. Two case studies evaluate the tradeoffs between benefit and risks in the use of compost in perennial and annual crops.
Cover crops for soil health
Authors:   Michigan State University, USA, Snapp Sieglinde S. , Ugarte Carmen M. ,   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, Hunter Dane W. ,   Southern Illinois University, USA, Wander Michelle M. ,   University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
Published: October 2022

Cover crops are accessory plants integrated in production agriculture as means to enhance organic inputs and diversification, both above and belowground. The living cover provides a bundle of environmental services including soil conservation and healthy function. This chapter reviews the literature in terms of cropping system regional niches for incorporation of cover crops, and the consequences for soil health. This includes impacts on soil organic matter, water balance, nutrient and disease regulation, physical aggregation, crop yield and economics. A better understanding of the biophysical processes that cover crops influence is starting to emerge in the literature, and is reported on, with a number of research gaps identified. Cropping systems windows that are short and marginal in quality, severally restrict cover crop growth and associated benefits. The potential for positive soil health benefits through cover cropping is high, in the complexity of real-world agricultural systems, and variable soil responses.
Assessing the effects of using animal manure on soil health
Authors:   California Polytechnic State University, USA, Tubeileh Ashraf M. , Goss Michael J. ,   University of Guelph, Canada
Published: October 2022

This chapter reviews the impacts associated with the application of livestock and poultry manure on the ability of soil to deliver a range of ecosystem services that sustain plants, animals, people and the environment in which they live.
Agricultural traffic management systems and soil health
Authors:   Harper Adams University, UK, Misiewicz Paula A. , Kaczorowska-Dolowy Magdalena ,   Harper Adams University, UK, White David R. ,   Harper Adams University, UK, Dickin Edward ,   Harper Adams University, UK, Godwin Richard J. ,   Harper Adams University, UK
Published: October 2022

This chapter examines the relationship between agricultural traffic and soil compaction. It begins by reviewing research on how agricultural traffic affects soil compaction as well as ways of measuring soil compaction and its effects. It then discusses a range of potential techniques to avoid soil compaction. These include: controlled-traffic farming, low ground pressure tyre systems as well as tracks and gantry systems. The chapter also discusses the relationship between different tillage practices and soil compaction. It includes a case study based on research conducted by the authors.
Advances in Arabica coffee breeding: developing and selecting the right varieties
Authors:   Colombian National Coffee Research Center (CENICAFE), Colombia, Gaitán-Bustamante Álvaro , Arias-Suarez Juan Carlos ,   Colombian National Coffee Research Center (CENICAFE), Colombia, Flórez-Ramos Claudia Patricia ,   Colombian National Coffee Research Center (CENICAFE), Colombia
Published: October 2022

This chapter presents the main components and achievements of the world effort for breeding Arabica coffee and the perspectives for present and future initiatives.
Integrated weed management in coffee production
Authors:   Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil, Pagotto Ronchi Cláudio
Published: October 2022

Coffee plants show very low initial growth rates and are usually grown in large-spacing inter-rows, which makes the crop highly sensitive to weed species competition. Therefore, the weeds must be efficiently managed. Considering that coffee is grown in many different production-systems worldwide, the best integrated weed control practices in coffee farms vary significantly between different regions. This chapter thus discusses the effects of weed species on coffee plantations and the main integrated weed management practices that are applied in the crop, focusing on nonherbicidal methods. Emphasis is given to the width of strip weeding required to prevent competition in young coffee plantations without suppressing natural (or introduced) vegetation in the inter-rows. Sustainable weed control practices used worldwide like cover crops, grazing with ovines, and electrical discharge are discussed. Finally, some major aspects of weed control in Robusta (Conilon) coffee are also presented.
Kobiety jako oskarżycielki w rzymskich postępowaniach karnych?
Authors: Nowicka Dobromiła
Published: October 2022

The article focuses on the issue of the legal legitimation of Roman women to bring a formal accusation in cases other than their own or regarding — to some extent — their relatives, which is still debatable in Roman law literature. The analysis concerns mostly crimen maiestatis and crimen annonae trials, regarding which sources seem to be particularly disputable. Despite ambivalent conclusions drawn on their basis by various authors, it occurs that women could act as both informers and formal accusers in those cases of a very specific nature, which constituted a serious departure from general rules concerning their legitimation, but was rooted in the utilitas publica concept.
Koncepcja rehabilitacji sądowej w pracach Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej nad projektem polskiego kodeksu karnego z 1932 roku
Authors: Pasek Andrzej
Published: October 2022

The article presents the course of work in the Criminal Law Section of the Codification Commission of the Republic of Poland on the institution of judicial rehabilitation. It has been shown that its concept was carefully developed on the basis of the resolutions of the Criminal Law Section inspired by prof. J. Makarewicz’s report and the discussion developed around this report, taking into account the achievements of foreign legislation and legal doctrine. The solutions based on these resolutions proposed by J. Makarewicz in the preliminary draft of the general part of the Penal Code were subject to further substantive and editorial modifications as a part of the second and third reading of the Polish Penal Code draft, and then at the forum of a specially appointed Ministerial Committee. As a consequence of these activities, the inclusion of judicial rehabilitation in the Polish Penal Code of 1932 respected the latest postulates of the criminal policy and implemented the principle of punishment individualization.
Ficha Técnica AMP32(6) - Junho 2019
Authors: De Sousa Carla
Published: October 2022

N/a.
Covid 19, comportamientos "desviados" y producción social de lo judío en la Argentina
Authors: Setton Damián
Published: October 2022

El artículo analiza las imágenes de lo judío proyectadas durante la pandemia de coronavirus en la Argentina, mostrando cómo los discursos de los líderes religiosos se alinearon con las políticas estatales y las definiciones de la situación construidas por los sectores dominantes del campo medical. Indaga en las prácticas de enmarcamiento, desde los medios de comunicación, de los eventos que tuvieron como protagonistas a judíos ortodoxos durante la pandemia. Concluimos en que la pandemia constituyó un escenario que permitió una puesta en escena exitosa de lo judío. Lo judío fue mostrado como un estilo de vida alineado a las definiciones dominantes del comportamiento "correcto", generando un efecto de integración de la particularidad judía en la "comunidad nacional". Los datos fueron recogidos a través del análisis de videos disponibles en Youtube y de páginas web de organizaciones judías ortodoxas, enmarcando nuestro estudio en el concepto de religion on line.
Um profeta emissário na representação política
Authors: Lellis Nelson , Fernandes Sílvia
Published: October 2022

Este artigo analisa a trajetória do cabo Daciolo (2011-2018) surgido na esfera pública a partir do movimento SOS Bombeiros (2011), cujo objetivo foi a luta por reajuste salarial e melhorias nas condições de trabalho. A performance carismática de Daciolo, que buscava legitimar as ações do movimento através de sua percepção religiosa, auxiliou sua projeção para a política até tornar-se deputado federal pelo PSOL-RJ e, posteriormente, candidato à presidência da república (2018). À luz da sociologia compreensiva weberiana, este político é aqui associado ao profeta emissário, uma vez que acredita falar em nome de uma divindade. Argumentamos que Daciolo traz para a arena política a narrativa evangélica desinstitucionalizada, acionando seus símbolos e valores e os ressignificando a partir da prática política numa perspectiva redencionista.
A Cross Sectional Study of Psychiatric Morbidity and Quality of Life in Vitiligo Patients
Authors: Abhilasha Pallavi , Panneer Selvam Vimalanathane , Lakshmanamoorthy Thenmozhi , Saravanan Ramachandran Arul
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Vitiligo is a chronic disorder of skin pigmentation caused by the selective destruction of melanocytes. It causes psychological distress and affects quality of life. Materials and method: An institution based case control study with 55 cases and 55 controls with vitiligo and without vitiligo was undertaken. They were assessed using the Vitiligo area severity index (VASI), Vitiligo Disease Activity Scoring (VDAS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Results: In our study sample 29.1 % had vulgaris, 27.3 % had focal type of vitiligo, and 32.7 % had acro-facial vitiligo, 5.5 % mixed and 5.5 % segmental type of vitiligo was respectively seen. 76.4 % of the cases scored for mild depression and 16.4 % of the cases scored for moderate degree of depression. 23 (41.8 %) of the cases had mild degree of anxiety and 2 (3.6 %) had moderate degree of anxiety. Acro- facial and vulgaris group scored more for anxiety. Significant difference between two groups on WHO Quality of Life scale BREF and DLQI scores. Discussion: Psychiatric morbidity and Quality of Life was found to be significant in patient group with vitiligo than normal controls. There was a higher positive correlation between QOL and VASI scores, denoting the poor quality of life in patients attributable to the severity of the lesions. Conclusion: Psycho-dermatological services will help to mitigate the sufferings and improve the quality of life of patients with vitiligo.
Life Challenges with Psychological Consequences Connected to Growing up in War and Post-War Conditions
Authors: Bošnjaković Josip
Published: October 2022

The article examines the relationship between the “Don’t Exist” injunction and the developmental conditions of two groups of adolescents: those who grew up alongside parents who experienced war and post-war conditions, and those who grew up in conditions of peace. Growing up in war and post-war conditions means, for adolescents, that they incorporate the injunctive messages “Do not exist” more than those who grow up in conditions of peace. Injunctive messages from parents were expressed non-verbally during the early years of today’s adolescents’ upbringing. The consequence of having high levels of the injunction “Don’t Exist” is observed through the psychological indisposition that we detected with the ESPERO questionnaire. The research results reported in this article refer to research conducted among Croatian adolescents in the spring of 2011. These adolescents were born during the war against Croatia (1991-1995) and were between 1-3 years old. The results show us that there is a statistically significant difference between adolescents raised in war and post-war conditions with adolescents raised in peaceful conditions. Based on the data, seven psychoeducational steps are suggested for the healthy development of a person and for a possible way of life for those who have suffered the consequences of war. In addition to this, the significant contribution of transactional analysis to the understanding of psychological processes in social relationships is highlighted.
Efektivitas Islamic Hypnotherapy untuk Menurunkan Stres pada Remaja Akhir
Authors: Varisna Rohmadani Zahro , Dyorita Khoiryasdien Andhita
Published: October 2022

Mental health in adolescence vulnerable to decline during the covid-19 pandemic. They are the next generation of the nation, where the success of a country can be seen from the quality of the nation, adolescents have a big role as agents of change. This research focused on knowing the effectiveness of Islamic Hypnotherapy in reducing stress in adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research design used two groups, namely the control and experimental groups. The research subjects were 58 adolescents who indicated stress with high and very high scores based on the DASS scale survey. The data analysis method used is nonparametric statistical analysis with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test to test the differences in the pre-test and post-test conditions in one group and Mann Whitney U Test to test the differences between the two groups, using SPSS 21 for Windows. The results showed that p = 0.004 which means p < 0.05. This shows that there is a difference between the experimental group and the control group. Islamic Hypnotherapy can have a stress-reduction effect of 53.74. So it can be concluded that Islamic Hypnotherapy is effective for reducing stress in adolescents during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Atomic Structure and Binding of Carbon Atoms
Authors: Ali Mubarak
Published: October 2022

Many studies discuss carbon-based materials because of the versatility of carbon elements. Depending on the processing conditions of a carbon precursor, carbon changes state behavior. The electron transfer mechanism occurred to convert carbon from one state to another. In conversion, the dash-shaped energy bits involved transferring electrons to nearby unfilled states. The involved dash-shaped energy has partially conserved behavior. A transferring electron is also under partially conserved forces. Carbon atoms equally evolve and equally develop structures of one dimension, two dimensions, and four dimensions, respectively, when in the graphite, nanotube, and fullerene states. Here, the already associated dash-shaped energy bits bind the carbon atoms. A two-dimensional graphite structure or amorphous carbon structure also forms. The structural formations in diamond, lonsdaleite, and graphene state atoms involve different shaped bits of energy. The bit of energy has a shape like a golf stick. By involving four bits of golf-stick-shaped energy, all four electrons of the outer ring of the depositing diamond state atom undertake an additional clamp of all four energy knots of the outer ring of the deposited diamond state atom. A depositing diamond state atom binds to the deposited diamond state atom from the east-west surface to the south. Growth is from the south to the east-west surface, so the structure of the diamond is a tetra-electron topological structure. The lonsdaleite state atoms bind from the surface east-west to a bit south. However, in glassy carbon, the layers of gaseous, graphite, and lonsdaleite state atoms bind simultaneously. The order of these layers repeats in the growth process of glassy carbon. The carbon-based materials also study Mohs hardness. This study is very different from the previous ones on carbon materials.
4D Einstein--Gauss--Bonnet Gravity Coupled to Modified Logarithmic Nonlinear Electrodynamics
Authors: Kruglov Sergey I.
Published: October 2022

Spherically symmetric solution in 4D Einstein--Gauss--Bonnet gravity coupled to modified logarithmic nonlinear electrodynamics (ModLogNED) is found. This solution at infinity possesses the charged black hole Reissner--Nordstr\"{o}m behavior. We study the black hole thermodynamics, entropy, shadow, energy emission rate and quasinormal modes. It was shown that black holes can possess the phase transitions and at some range of event horizon radii black holes are stable. The entropy has the logarithmic correction to the area law. The shadow radii were calculated for variety of parameters. We found that there is a peak of the black hole energy emission rate. The real and imaginary parts of the quasinormal modes frequencies were calculated. We investigate energy conditions of ModLogNED.
Potentials Of Chilghoza Nuts (Pinus gerardiana) in the Economic Uplifts of Mountainous Rural Communities
Authors: Adnan Syed , Zeb Alam
Published: October 2022

Non-woody forest products play a vital role in the economic uplifts of the local communities living in forest areas. This study was conducted in the Shishikoh Valley, district Chital to identify the economic importance of the Chilghoza nuts. The study was based on interviews and questionnaires, and a total of 50 questionnaires were collected from the whole valley. The results showed that before 2003, the people were unaware of the high economic value of the Chilghoza nuts, they used to sell the Chilghoza nuts at a very low price (US$ 1.7 to 2.4 per bag: approximately 5 Kg) and harvest it for fuelwood purposes. After the IPRP interventions, training and awareness, the local people started conservation of Chilghoza trees and sustainable cone harvesting. The total collection and sell out of Chilghoza nuts in the Shishikoh valley jumped to 87.9 tons and US$ 7.64/kg in 2005 from 32.7 tons and US$ 0.34-0.48/kg, respectively. This study concludes that IPRP interventions improved the economic values of Chilghoza nuts as well as the living standards of the local people.
Meteorological Evidence for Orbital Forcing of Global Weather and Climate
Authors: Seifert Joachim , Baritz Matthias , Lemke Frank
Published: October 2022

We identified six natural "control knobs" for global weather and climate, which clearly regulate, increase and decrease global temperatures, thus performing a true temperature "control" on Earth. Identified control knobs act as Earth's orbital forcing. We present a detailed Earth orbital model, from where the analysis proceeds. Based on our orbital model, we compare meteorological data from all over the globe, in order to detect orbital forcing fingerprints. Ninety temperature graphs and bar charts demonstrate the results. Empirical meteorological data covers the Pacific ocean, the Atlantic ocean, Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent, and presents land based meteorological measurements from all continents for the year 2020, as well as multi-decadal data from global daily temperature datasets. A supplementary file provides another 100 additional graphs of weather data and temperature charts. The global orbital "temperature control" is clearly observable in all graphs and charts. Until today, orbital forcing has not been integrated in weather models and CMIP6 climate models.It is concluded that the proposed new orbital forcing should be part of weather and climate forecasting models.
USAHA MENINGKATKAN PENGHASILAN PENGUSAHA KERI PIK TEMPE DENGAN MENGAJARKAN MEMBUAT KERIPIK TEMPE DARI KEDELAI MENTAH SAMPAI MENJADI KERIPIK DAN MENGUJI NILAI GIZI
Authors: Yarni Mayarni , Muwitaningsih Susanti
Published: October 2022

Kegiatan ini merupakan kegiatan pembinaan sebuah usaha keripik tempe. Pembinaan ini bertujuan untuk penambah penghasilan pengusaha. Usaha ini  diawali secara berkelompok dan sudah dimulai dari tahun 2016. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah mengajarkan membuat keripik tempe dengan cara mengubah cara membuat keripik tempe dari cara lama menjadi cara baru. Cara lama membuat keripik tempe dari membeli setengah matang lalu dicapur tepung dan difermentasi ulang. Cara baru membuat keripik tempe dari kedelai mentah melalui tahapan direbus, didiamin satu malam, dibersihkan dari kulit ari, dicuci bersih , dikeringkan, diberi ragi tempe, dicampur rata lalu ditambahkan tepung sagu, diaduk rata, dibungkus dengan plastic yang sudah diberi lobang lobang, dan di fermentasi selama dua hari. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan merupakan demonstrasi yaitu mendemostarsikan cara membuatnya di hadapan pengusaha keripik tempe. Tujuan dilakukan kegiatan ini agar mampu menambah pendapatan pengusaha. Hasil analisis menujukan dengan mengubah cara dalam membuat keripik tempe, mampu meningkatkan produksi keripik tempe sebesar 90 persen. Peningkatan ini dihitung dari  berat bahan mentah yang sama dan dari modal awal yang sama. Hal ini akan berdampak pada peningkatan penghasilan pengusaha. Kegiatan berikutnya, dilakukan  pendampingan uji nutrisi produk. Kegiatan ini bertujuan agar memperluas tempat penjualan produk keripik tempe, hingga mampu menambah penghasilan pengusaha.