bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local available quantum correlations of X states: The symmetric and anti-symmetric cases
Authors: Albrecht Hermann , Bellorín David , Mundarain Douglas F.
Published: May 2022

Local available quantum correlations (LAQC), as defined by Mundarain et al., are analyzed for two-qubit X states with local Bloch vectors of equal magnitude. Symmetric X-states are invariant under the exchange of subsystems, hence having the same Bloch vector. On the other hand, anti-symmetric X states have Bloch vectors with an equal magnitude but opposite direction. In both cases, we obtain exact analytical expressions for their LAQC quantifier. We present some examples and compare this quantum correlation to concurrence and quantum discord. We have also included Markovian decoherence, with Werner states under amplitude damping decoherence. As is the case for depolarization and phase damping, no sudden death behavior occurs for the LAQC of these states with this quantum channel.
Automatic Discrimination of Task Difficulty Predicted by Frontal EEG Activity During Working Memory Tasks in Young and Elderly Drivers
Authors: Kashihara Koji
Published: May 2022

It is desirable to prevent traffic accidents by focusing on elderly people’s brain characteristics. The attention level during driving depends on the amount of information-processing resources. This study first aimed at investigating the effects of the change in attention levels on the electroencephalogram (EEG) waves during the graded working memory tasks for a traffic situation. With the increase in memory loads, reaction times were delayed in the elderly than the young group. The difficult tasks activated the induced [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] powers in the frontal midline area primarily in the elderly, during the selective task for a target. The elderly could retain the attention level because of the activated slow EEG responses, regardless of the task performance, although the increased [Formula: see text] wave may reflect drowsiness. Because the assistance system based on drivers’ brain signals can prevent car accidents, this study also aimed at evaluating the analytical method to automatically discriminate the different attentional tasks from the EEG signals. Compared with [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbors and artificial neural networks, support vector machines more accurately classified attention levels (i.e., task difficulty) during working memory tasks reflecting a change in the induced [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] waves. This result can be related to a brain-computer interface system to judge the task difficulty during driving and alert a driver to danger. The experimental tasks for this study were limited because they involved simulations only in which participants recognized guided boards and removed irrelevant information. Real-time judgments should be investigated using EEG data to improve systems that can alert drivers to oncoming dangers.
PATIENTS’ TRIO NEED SATISFACTION: A GAP ANALYSIS BETWEEN EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS
Authors: ISLAM SHAHIDUL , MUHAMAD NAZLIDA
Published: May 2022

Healthcare improvement relating to basic hospital service attributes is one of the most fundamental driving forces to uplifting in economic and social transition for developing countries in an emerging context. The purpose of this paper is to measure patients’ trio need satisfaction toward doctor service quality (DSQ), nurse caring quality (NCQ), and hospital environment quality (HEQ) and compare the effects of perceived, expected, and service quality gap on patient satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis was used to explain the patient satisfaction. The result shows that the perceived service quality (67.3%) and the service quality gap (50.8%) can better explain patient satisfaction than the expected service quality (3.0%). Both perception and gap model show that DSQ, NCQ, and HEQ are significant predictors of patient satisfaction, where NCQ is the most important dimension in explaining patient satisfaction. This study focuses on patient need satisfaction research by being one of the few empirical studies relating to the most basic hospital service quality attributes, contributing to the development of hospital service quality in a developing context of Bangladesh.
Volcanic Outgassing of Volatile Trace Metals
Authors: Edmonds Marie , Mason Emily , Hogg Olivia
Published: May 2022

Volcanoes play a key role in the cycling of volatile metals (e.g., chalcophile elements such as Tl, Pb, and Cu and metalloids such as As, Te, and Se) on our planet. Volatile metals and metalloids are outgassed by active volcanoes, forming particulate volcanic plumes that deliver them in reactive form to the environment, where they may be nutrients (e.g., Cu and Zn) or pollutants (e.g., Hg, As, Pb). Volcanic outgassing rates of these elements compare to those associated with building ore deposits in the crust and to anthropogenic emission rates. There are distinct compositional differences between volcanic plumes in different tectonic settings, related to the enrichment of arc magmas in metals transported in slab fluids, metal speciation, and partitioning between silicate melt, vapor, and magmatic sulfide. Volcanic gases have compositions similar to those of quartz-hosted fluid inclusions found in mineralized granites, albeit with a lower density and salinity. Volatile volcanic metals are transported as soluble aerosols in volcanic plumes and may persist for hundreds of kilometers in the troposphere. Volcanic metal chloride aerosols in tropospheric volcanic plumes at high latitudes are recorded in ice cores. ▪ Volcanoes emit significant fluxes of volatile trace metals such as Cu, Tl, and Pb, as gases and particulates, to the surface environment. ▪ There is a distinct metal compositional fingerprint in volcanic and hydrothermal plumes at subduction and hotspot volcanoes and mid-ocean ridges, controlled by magma and fluid chemistry. ▪ Volcanic gases are the less saline equivalent of the fluids forming economic porphyry deposits of chalcophile metals (e.g., Cu) in the crust. ▪ The metals in tropospheric volcanic plumes may be rained out near the vent, but in dry environments they may persist for thousands of kilometers and be deposited in ice cores.
Scaling Up the Simultaneous Production of Clean Electricity and Clean Water
Authors: Abdalla Salman , Khalla Shada Abu , Suss Matthew E
Published: May 2022

The desalination fuel cell (DFC) is a nascent technology for co-production of clean electricity and water from a single cell, driven by the hydrogen-oxygen redox couple. Previously, DFCs employed a single cation and anion exchange membrane pair, and demonstrated desalination of feedwaters of 30 g l−1 NaCl while generating up to 8.6 kWh per m3 of desalinated water. Here, we propose and demonstrate a scaling strategy for DFCs, by adding additional alternating anion and cation exchange membrane pairs. Such a strategy is supported by previous measurements showing small potential loss across membranes in DFCs relative to that at the electrodes. We characterize and compare three cell configurations, including single, double or triple membrane pairs. We show that adding membrane pairs maintains the desalination performance of our DFC, while only moderately reducing cell power density. In addition, adding membrane pairs enables increased flexibility in the choice of anolyte and catholyte solutions, as these are no longer the primary brine channels. We show that optimizing the anolyte and catholyte enables a record power density of up to 10 mW cm−2 during desalination. We further develop and implement expressions for quantification of the thermodynamic energy efficiency of a multiple-membrane-pair DFC.
Study on the Cathodic Behavior of Impurities in the Process of Aluminum Extraction by Soluble Anode Electrolysis
Authors: Huang Yuyao , Wang Yaowu , Yang Jinzhong , Di Yuezhong , Peng Jianping
Published: May 2022

The preparation of coarse Al–Si alloys by carbon-based electrothermal reduction is a viable means of recycling scrap aluminum on an industrial scale to allow the high-value utilization of this resource. However, the presence of impurities on the cathode can have significant effects on the product purity. The present study explored the behavior of impurity elements on the cathode and the reasons for the decreased purity of aluminum deposited at the cathode with increases in electrolysis time. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy were used to study the compositions of the molten salt electrolyte and of the cathode product, as well as the phases and element distribution on the working electrode. With increasing cell voltage, the elements added as impurities were found to precipitate in the order of Fe > Al > Si > Mn > Ti > Mg > Ca. Increasing the concentration of these elements in the molten salt electrolyte was determined to increase the cell voltage, with Mg and Ca having the greatest effect.
Numerical and Analytical Study of Fluid Flow and Thermal Transfer in a Rough Fracture
Authors: Wen Xiangyue , Long Xiting , Yang Zhaoying
Published: May 2022

The surface morphology of rough fractures significantly affects the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in the fractures. A thermal-flow coupling model with specific geometric fractures was established to investigate the influence of surface morphology on the heat transfer characteristics of a single fracture. The effect of temperature on the physical properties of rocks and fluids was included in the study to reflect the actual situation more realistically. The research results show that the temperature of the fluid in the rough fracture is nonlinearly distributed along the flow direction and the higher the flow velocity, the higher the heat transfer efficiency. The fracture surface morphology has a significant impact on the heat transfer characteristics, and the surface fluctuation will greatly affect the flow velocity, causing the fluid temperature to change abruptly at the fracture surface. Under the same flow rate, with the increase of the fluctuation degree of the fracture surface and the fluctuation frequency, the larger the heat exchange area of the fracture surface, the stronger the heat exchange performance. The heat transfer efficiency of the fracture is directly related to the heat transfer area of the fracture, so even with the same permeability, the heat transfer performance of fractures with different surface topography is different.
Simulating Nonhomogeneous Non-Gaussian Field by Using Iterative Rank-Dependent Reordering versus Translation Process-Based Procedure
Authors: Hong H. P. , Xiao M. Y.
Published: May 2022

We compare two commonly used procedures, namely, the iterative rank-dependent reordering (IRDR) procedure and the translation process based procedure, for simulating homogeneous/nonhomogeneous non-Gaussian fields. We identify the limitations and the implicit assumptions of the procedures. We provide a new interpretation of the IRDR procedure, point out that there is no guarantee that the algorithm converges, and suggest modifications in terms of the initial samples, iteration involving decomposition, and convergence requirement to the IRDR procedure for it to become more efficient and robust. The numerical results show that, depending on the prescribed marginal probability distribution, the use of the IRDR procedure may not achieve a prescribed correlation function, a feature that is well-known if the translation process (i.e., Nataf translation system) based procedure is employed. It is shown that the performance of the modified IRDR procedure is comparable to that of the translation process based procedures in terms of limitations and matching the prescribed correlation function. The numerical results also show that the suggested modifications to IRDR in the present study make the algorithm more efficient and robust.
Ecological Importance Evaluation of the Changzhutan Ecological Green Heart
Authors: Tang Yuanyuan , Shen Shouyun , Zhan Wen , Lu Yu , He Peng , Cheng Huifeng
Published: May 2022

The ecological source area is the basis of regional ecological security, clearing the important performance of the ecological source area in the region to provide targeted measures for ecological construction. Taking the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan ecological green core as an example, the ecological importance evaluation system was constructed from five aspects of spatial location, scale advantage, spatial layout, spatial connection, and ecological composition. For the spatial structure based on ecological networks, the ecological importance evaluation was carried out, and the ecological function was defined. It can provide a reference for the protection and construction of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan ecological green core. The results show the following: (1) The research method of inferring the ecological functions of ecological source sites based on the spatial characteristics of ecological networks and then completing the evaluation of ecological importance is feasible and effective, reflecting the macroecological functions played by ecological source sites in regional ecosystems and providing ideas for exploring the multiple ecological functions of ecological source sites from a combination of macro and micro perspectives. (2) The ecological importance of the Changzhutan Ecological Green Center is much higher than other ecological sources in Changzhutan Urban Cluster, and its main ecological function is the spatial structure strengthening function, followed by the spatial connection function, and the ecological service function is lower. The internal landscape pattern of interlocking arable land and woodland, with arable land blocking the ecological landscape, requires landscape pattern optimization. (3) The ecological green heart of Changzhutan is close to the regional mass center, and the ecological service area accounts for 14.57% of the area of Changzhutan urban agglomeration, which is connected to 55% of the ecological sources through ecological corridors, is the core hub connecting the north-south ecosystem of Changzhutan urban agglomeration, and is in a dominant position in the regional ecosystem. In the absence of the Changzhutan ecological green heart, the patch density, average proximity, cohesion, and aggregation all drop to the lowest, connectivity drops to the second lowest, and subdimensionality reaches the highest, highlighting the significance of the Changzhutan ecological green heart to maintain the ecological green volume of the Changzhutan urban cluster, enhance the overall ecosystem connectivity, and reduce landscape fragmentation. (4) There are five important ecological connection points between the Changzhutan Ecological Green Center and external ecosystem, which need to take different measures to strengthen ecological protection and construction.
Rapamycin Attenuates Anxiety and Depressive Behavior Induced by Helicobacter pylori in Association with Reduced Circulating Levels of Ghrelin
Authors: Tian Jiageng , Wang Zeyu , Ren Yadi , Jiang Yong , Zhao Ying , Li Man , Zhang Zhiguang
Published: May 2022

Background. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is closely associated with depression and development of neuroinflammation. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between H. pylori, depression, and circulating levels of ghrelin. Methods. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control group (gavaged sterile saline and injected with saline,

n
=
8

); H. pylori+saline group (gavaged H. pylori and injected with saline,

n
=
8

); and H. pylori+rapa group (gavaged H. pylori and injected with rapamycin,

n
=
8

). Open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swim test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST) were used for anxiety and depressive behavior test. Western blotting was utilized to assess mTOR, p-mTOR, and GSMD expression, and serum ghrelin levels were estimated using ELISA. Results. In the OFT, the control mice moved more and exhibited a increase in crossing number relative to the H. pylori+saline mice (all

P
<
0.05

). Increased quantity of fecal boli can be indicative of increased anxiety and emotionality of the subject animal. H. pylori+saline mice exhibited an increase in fecal boli when compared to control mice and H. pylori+rapa mice (

P
<
0.05

). H. pylori infected mice decreasing the expression of ghrelin. The protein levels of p-mTOR/mTOR in the gastric antrum mTOR signaling activation and low-level ghrelin in H. pylori-infect mice compared to those in control mice (all P <0.001). Compared with single H. pylori infection, mTOR inhibitors increased the ghrelin secretion of H. pylori infection to a certain extent (

P
<
0.05

). The protein levels of GSDMD expression significantly increase in hippocampus of H. pylori-infected mice (

P
<
0.001

). Rapamycin treatment inhibited expression of GSDMD in H. pylori-infected mice (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusions. H. pylori infection is associated with increased expression of mTOR and decreased circulating levels of ghrelin. Elevated pyroptosis in the brain and anxiety- and depressed-like behaviors occur when ghrelin levels are suppressed.
Primary Eccrine Porocarcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Li Yi Xin , Gudi Mihir , Yan Zhiyan
Published: May 2022

Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm, with less than 500 reported cases worldwide since it was first described in 1963. EPC tends to affect the elderly and most commonly affects the head and neck. The mainstay of EPC treatment is surgery, with lymphadenectomy in the case of nodal involvement or presence of unfavourable characteristics. No evidence exists to guide the use of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation. EPC is prone to misdiagnosis given its multiple clinical and histopathological mimics, especially in uncommon sites of presentation such as the breast. Herein, we report the case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with a left breast skin lump. The biopsied specimen revealed an infiltrative carcinoma involving the dermis and epidermis with positive IHC staining for P63 and CK5/6 and negative staining for ER, PR, and HER2. The tumour was resected and diagnosed as EPC with atypical features as overlapping characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were detected on histopathological analysis. In our case, a simple mastectomy with broad margins and axillary lymph node dissection with adjuvant radiotherapy to a dose of 60 Gy failed to achieve loco-regional control with nodal recurrence occurring 4 months postsurgery—a testament to the aggressive course of this rare malignancy.
Passiflora mollissima Seed Extract Induced Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Effects on CAL 27 Spheroids
Authors: Fonseca-Benitez Angela , Morantes Medina Sandra Johanna , Ballesteros-Vivas Diego , Parada-Alfonso Fabian , Sandra J Perdomo
Published: May 2022

Multicellular tumor spheroids are used as models in drug development due to their characteristics simulating in vivo tumors. Likewise, antiproliferative properties of extracts derived from fruits have been widely described. Peels and seeds can be used as a matrix to obtain different compounds. Recently, a study demonstrated the antiproliferative activity from a P. mollissima extract (PME) on human colon cancer cells; however, its effect on oral spheroids is unknown. Objective. To evaluate the antiproliferative potential of an extract obtained from P. mollissima seeds on the spheroid-type-3D culture model of CAL 27. Methods. CAL 27-spheroids were treated with three concentrations of PME (10, 50, and 100 μg/ml). After 72 hr incubation, morphology and cellular changes, cytotoxic and proapoptotic effect, gene expression, and metastasis were determined. Additionally, changes in the cell cycle phases responded to the PME concentrations. Comparisons between groups were made through a U Mann-Whitney test. Results. It was shown that 100 μg/ml PE affects CAL 27 cells proliferation grown in spheroids through cell cycle arrest and gene regulation of p53, HIF 1α, and CDH1. However, none of the treatments employed induced MMP9 gene expression. Conclusion. Our study shows that PME inhibits the growth and proliferation of oral tumor cells cultured in spheroids through the positive regulation of cell death and metastasis genes.
Multimodal Transport Path Selection of Cold Chain Logistics Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zheng Changjiang , Sun Kai , Gu Yuhang , Shen Jinxing , Du Muqing
Published: May 2022

Multimodal transport is a process of effectively moving cargoes in a single container by combining land transport (road or rail) and maritime or river transport (vessel or barge) in one transport chain. However, cold chain logistics (CCL), as a special while major kind of cargo delivery, has not been incorporated with this beneficial combination. In order to realize efficient delivery of cold chain foods (CCF), in this study, the characteristics of multimodal and CCL are analyzed and integrated to select the optimal logistics path. In establishing the path-selection model, customer satisfaction is introduced, which is reflected by arrival punctuality and the quality of CCF. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) is introduced to address the model and is proven to retain a fast convergence rate and achieve outstanding solving accuracy through the experimental study. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to present the impact of railway speed and cost variation on path selection. Results show that compared with highway transport, railway transport is preferable to the medium and long distance. The influence of railway speed improvement is more striking than cost reduction in motivating decision makers to choose railway transport mode in logistics operations.
Partial-Methylated HeyL Promoter Predicts the Severe Illness in Egyptian COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Fadel Hewida H. , Ahmed Mohammad Abd EL-Rahman , Gharbeya Kareem Mahamoud , Mohamed Mohammed Ahmed Khamis , Roushdy Mohamed N. , Almiry Reda
Published: May 2022

Background. To date (14 January 2022), the incidence and related mortality rate of COVID-19 in America, Europe, and Asia despite administrated of billions doses of many approved vaccines are still higher than in Egypt. Epigenetic alterations mediate the effects of environmental factors on the regulation of genetic material causing many diseases. Objective. We aimed to explore the methylation status of HeyL promoter, a downstream transcription factor in Notch signal, an important regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation blood, pulmonary epithelial, and nerves cells. Methods. Our objective was achieved by DNA sequencing of the product from methyl-specific PCR of HeyL promoter after bisulfite modification of DNA extracted from the blood samples of 30 COVID-19 patients and 20 control health subjects and studying its association with clinical-pathological biomarkers. Results. We found that the HeyL promoter was partial-methylated in Egyptian COVID-19 patients and control healthy subjects compared to full methylated one that was published in GenBank. We identified unmethylated CpG (TG) flanking the response elements within HeyL promoter in Egyptian COVID-19 patients and control healthy subjects vs. methylated CpG (CG) in reference sequence (GenBank). Also, we observed that the frequency of partial-methylated HeyL promoter was higher in COVID-19 patients and associated with aging, fever, severe pneumonia, ageusia/anosmia, and dry cough compared to control healthy subjects. Conclusion. We concluded that hypomethylated HeyL promoter in Egyptian population may facilitate the binding of transcription factors to their binding sites, thus enhancing its regulatory action on the blood, pulmonary epithelium, and nerves cells in contrast to full methylated one that was published in GenBank; thus, addition of demethylating agents to the treatment protocol of COVID-19 may improve the clinical outcomes. Administration of therapy must be based on determination of methylation status of HeyL, a novel prognostic marker for severe illness in COVID-19 patients.
The Role of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Prolonged Postelectroconvulsive Therapy Delirium
Authors: Gutowski Brianna , Bomasang-Layno Emily
Published: May 2022

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an extremely effective treatment modality for severe depression but is often associated with transient or persistent cognitive impairment. ECT-induced cognitive impairment, however, can serve as a deterrent to completion of treatment. We present a case of a prolonged post-ECT delirium lasting approximately 3 weeks in which donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was used and was successful in shortening the duration of post-ECT delirium.
Node Replication Attack Detection in Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Sujihelen L. , Boddu Rajasekhar , Murugaveni S. , Arnika Ms. , Haldorai Anandakumar , Reddy Pundru Chandra Shaker , Feng Suili , Qin Jiayin
Published: May 2022

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an emerging technology used in emergency scenarios. There are a number of possible threats to WSNs because they use unsupervised IP addresses. Securing networks with unattended sensors is a real challenge nowadays. Sensor nodes lack power and storage, making them incompatible with normal security checks. It will be vital to make advancements in sensor network architecture and protocol design. There will be more vulnerability to attack if there is a lack of security. Especially, one key attack is node replication which induces the sensor node to acts as an original node, collecting data from the network and sending it to the attacker. In dynamic WSN, detecting an assault is difficult to find replica nodes. Therefore, this paper proposes a Strategic Security System (SSS) to discover replica nodes in static and dynamic distributed WSNs. It is mainly focused on enhancing detection accuracy, time delay, and communication overhead. The present system includes Single Stage Memory Random Walk with Network Division (SSRWND) and a Random-walk-based approach to detect clone attacks (RAWL). The proposed system has less memory and better detection accuracy.
Natural Frequency of Coal: Mathematical Model, Test, and Analysis on Influencing Factors
Authors: Wei Jianping , Zhang Junzhao , Wen Zhihui , Zhang Libo , Ren Yongjie , Si Leilei
Published: May 2022

The difficulty in enhancing the low permeability of deep coal seams is the key problem restricting gas extraction. The technology of coal rock resonance and permeability enhancement excited by vibration wave is hailed as a new technology to enhance coal seam permeability. In particular, the effect of resonance and permeability enhancement is remarkable when the excitation frequency is exactly the same as the natural frequency of coal. In order to promote the application of the technology, the first step is to explore the variation characteristics of coal natural frequency and its influencing factors. In this study, two mathematical models of coal natural frequency were established, and the variations and influencing factors of coal natural frequency were discussed through an experiment on the natural frequency of coal. The results show that coal vibration has multiorder natural frequency which grows with the increase of the order. In addition, the natural frequency of coal is closely related to its elastic modulus, density, size, mass, stiffness, and other physical and mechanical parameters. The larger the coal size and mass are, the lower the natural frequency would be. The natural frequency parallel to the bedding plane is higher than that perpendicular to the bedding plane. For the saturated coal sample, moisture changes its density and reduces its elastic modulus. Consequently, its natural frequency is lower than that of the dried coal sample. The difference of organic matter and mineral content coal of different rank affects the physical and mechanical properties of coal, which leads to the difference in natural frequency of different-rank coals. The natural frequencies of different-rank coal show bituminous > anthracite > lignite. The natural frequencies of coal samples under different influencing factors are all tens of Hz. Thus, the vibration excitation of coal under the low-frequency condition is the focus of future research. The study can provide a theoretical basis for the technology of coal resonance and permeability enhancement excited by vibration wave.
Intelligent Gamification Mechanics Using Fuzzy‐AHP and K‐Means to Provide Matched Partner Reference
Authors: Marisa Fitri , Syed Ahmad Sharifah Sakinah , Kausar Nasreen , Kousar Sajida , Pamucar Dragan , Al Din Ide Nasr
Published: May 2022

Players in the Small and Medium System (SME) collaboration gamification system need suitable partner references to support the goals of their activities. This study aims to build an intelligent system gamification mechanics model to provide the proper partner reference for players. The following steps are carried out sequentially in carrying out this research. First, analyze needs for a recommendation model that supports partner reference. Second, design an intelligent system formula using the Fuzzy‐Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy‐AHP) and K‐Means algorithms to obtain partner reference recommendation patterns and segmentation of similarity of interests between partners. Third, compile the scenario of recommendation model mechanics which involves actors and activities involved in the model. Fourth, design use cases and activity diagrams to translate scenarios in the form of program flow. Fifth, code programs related to use cases and activity diagrams. The sixth is to conduct experiment with the prototype results to test all the functions of the proposed model. Fuzzy‐AHP produces a weight for each tested data which can be claimed as a ranking, with the highest weight value being 9,980. K‐Means produces 3 clusters in which, based on this experimental data, the third cluster has the most members. Both models are realized in the dashboard, and referring to experiments from 63 respondents, the model shows its performance by displaying SME rankings and clusters according to the data and criteria being tested. Intelligent system algorithms are to develop models of gamification mechanics, primarily to support player decisions in determining more effective game steps. This model can work well if sufficient data requirements support it. Therefore, the proposed mechanics depends on game activities, and more data are available to be extracted and produce more precise recommendations.
The Impact of Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss on Quality of Life of Sub-Himalayan Population
Authors: Sood Rachit , Varshney Saurabh , Gupta Kartikesh , Devi Nongthombam Surjalata , Kumar Narendra , Tyagi Amit Kumar , Kumar Amit
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (USNHL) is an age-old known entity. Patients with USNHL lack the merits of binaural hearing, i.e., temporal summation, sound localization, and speech recognition in a noisy environment. The lack of binaural hearing affects such individuals’ quality of life (QOL). The present study is the most extensive Indian series related to QOL in USNHL patients. Objectives. This study aims to assess the impact of USNHL on the QOL of patients in the state of Uttarakhand. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care center in Uttarakhand over a period of 18 months, from January 2018 to July 2019. A total of 115 patients with pure USNHL were evaluated using a validated questionnaire—Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults-Hindi (HHIA-H). Results. In our study, patients with higher HHIA-H scores were male, young adults (age group 18–30 years), students, and laborers. Most of our patients (64%) had significant handicaps, followed by moderate handicaps in 25%. However, no significant correlation of degree of handicap was seen with age, duration, and degree of hearing loss. Conclusion. USNHL can lead to a significant handicap that can severely affect the emotional and social aspects of life. Thus, early diagnosis and rehabilitation are essential to prevent handicap and uplift QOL in patients with USNHL. This trial is registered with Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI reg. no. CTRI/2018/06/014396).
Green Development Evaluation of Tai’an Based on Entropy Method
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Kexin , Guo Fenglan
Published: May 2022

In order to realize the harmonious development between human beings and nature, we must adopt the environment-friendly production and consumption mode based on the carrying capacity of the environment, with less pollution and low loss of industrial structure and sustainable development of green industry to pursue the coordinated, comprehensive, and sustainable development of economy, society, and environment. Based on the analysis of the economic, resource, and environmental data of Tai’an, Tai’an made significant achievements in promoting the green development of the city. It shows that the measures of promoting green development to drive economic and social development in Tai’an City have achieved certain results. The paper used the entropy method to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of the green development in Tai’an to measure the developments of “Green Tai’an” comprehensively and has analyzed the progress of the construction in recent years and put forward some relevant suggestions in view of the existing problems.
An efficient and effective energy harvesting system using surface micromachined accelerometer
Authors: Gomathi Thiru , Shaby Maflin
Published: May 2022

In many of the electronic devices the major role is performed by micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). The electronics field has a vast application where in MEMS contribution to this field is very much greater. The electronics has a greater application in the area of micro-electro-mechanical systems which has greater applications in biomedical, electronics. The capacity, sensitivity in the power and its size helps MEMS for various different applications in different fields. If a device has a greater resonant frequency which can also be used in all frequencies that is at normal frequencies wider bandwidth, then also the MEMS fabrication can be done. A surface micromachined accelerometer is analyzed which can be used for generating energy from the environment. The characteristic feature is analyzed for the surface micromachined accelerometer. A surface micromachined accelerometer is simulate with a geometry of 3 space dimensions with a domain number of 120 whose number of boundaries are 838 which contains 1733 number of edges with 1076 vertices. The surface micromachined accelerator with all these specifications is simulate using COMSOL and the performance has been analyzed for various parameters namely frequency, acceleration and load impedance. The results show that energy has been harvested using the surface micromachined accelerometer.
Implementation of Harris Hawks optimization for load frequency control of hydropower plant
Authors: Potnuru Devendra , Kumar Lagudu Venkata Suresh , Sonia Bankuru , Kumar Yellapragada Venkata Pavan , Pradeep Darsy John , Reddy Challa Pradeep
Published: May 2022

Hydropower has been used for many years and is essential to meet the renewable energy ambition of the world at present. In a hydroelectric power plant, voltage and frequency control are required, but, the voltage control could be done on the load side. In the present paper, frequency control using Harris Hawks optimization (HHO) for improved performance has been presented. Simulations are performed on the dynamic model of the hydropower plant and results are compared with the conventional PID that is designed using the Ziegler-Nichols method. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm is also tested at dynamic conditions of the hydropower plant.
High-performance MPPT control of DFIG with optimized flux reference in presence of nonlinear magnetic characteristic
Authors: Majdoub Youssef , Abbou Ahmed , Akherraz Mohamed
Published: May 2022

In recent years, an expansive research exertion has been devoted to the control for aeorogenerators conforming of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) coupled to a wind turbine. Most preceding controllers based on standard models (whose magnetic induction characteristic is considered linear and iron losses have not been taken into account). Since such a magnetic characteristic is nonlinear in practice, this work develops a variable speed control strategy on the basis of a DFIG model in presence of nonlinear magnetic characteristic and iron losses. The main contribution of this paper is to present a high-performance maximum power point (MPPT) control of DFIG based on rotor flux optimization, designed to reach an optimal operational conditions. Of the foregoing, the control goal is twofold: i) minimization of the stator and rotor currents circulating by controlling the rotor flux for a maximum electromagnetic torque; ii) captured the maximum wind power to insure the attainment of MPPT. The performances of the proposed command has been studied theoretically and validated by simulation studies with Matlab/Simulink.
Modeling and parametric study ofsolid oxide fuel cell performance
Authors: Mankour Mohamed , Sekour M’hamed
Published: May 2022

Renewable energies are in the news these days and are seen as a solution to endorse energy independence and diminish greenhouse releases. One possible new renewable source that is emerging as a promising technology is the fuel cell. The ‘F.C’ is an electrochemical system that transfers the chemical power of a redox response into electrical energy with simultaneous production of water and heat. In fact, there are numerous kinds of fuel cells; in our work we are interested in studying the solid oxide fuel cellSOFC. In the context of this work, a modeling tool has been implemented SOFCs to the analogy between the electrical, thermal and chemical domains; this way of proceeding constitutes a simple, evolutionary and efficient tool. Using this modeling, a simulation was carried out in order to obtain the dissimilar characteristics and the impact of the studied parameters on the performance of the SOFC fuel cell. 

 
Improved direct torque control strategy performances of electric vehicles induction motor
Authors: Bachiri Hassane , Gasbaoui Brahim , Ghezouani Abdelkader , Nair Nouria
Published: May 2022

A three-wheeled electric scooter (3WES) with two control techniques is modeled and simulated in this study. The conventional direct torque control (C-DTC) and the DTC based on a neural network artificial multi layers (ANN-DTC). The objective is to assess the traction system's response to the control approach. by 3WES taking into account the dynamics of the scooter, the range and the energy consumption of the battery. The 3WES was simulated numerically using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, which is powered 1.5 kW by two induction motors integrated into the rear wheels. Where the reference speeds of the rear wheels detected using a differential electronic. This can possibly cause it to synchronize the wheel speed in any curve. Each wheel's speed was controlled by two types of regulators, PI and ANN, to increase stability and reaction time (in terms of set point tracking, disturbance rejection and rise time). The proposed ANN-DTC control technique reduces torque, stator flux, and current ripple by roughly 35%. While the range of 3WES has increased by approximately 8.062 m, the battery power consumption has decreased by nearly 0.25%.
Development of performance characterization in VSI-fed induction motor drives using random PWM
Authors: Raman Mohan Das , Easwaran Chandirasekaran , Srinivasan Vinod Kumar , Chockalingam Bharatiraja
Published: May 2022

Any industrial or power sector application requires a pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. Industrial drives, in particular, are highly concerned with industrial standards. To satisfy the voltage source inverter (VSI) drives objects, a variety of PWM approaches are used, including inverter DC input voltage utilizations, suppression of higher and lower order of harmonics, as well as spreading harmonics acoustic noise reduction, among others PWMs. One of the better approaches for minimizing noise on voltage source three-phase inverter fed drives is random pulse width modulation (RPWM). Despite the fact that these described RPWM approaches are superior in terms of harmonic spreading and mitigation, these methods are unable to achieve the target DC-link utilizations. As a result, the focus of this paper is on combining multicarrier RPWM principles with space vector PWM (SVPWM) to produce multi-carrier random SVPWM (MCRSVPWM). The suggested PWM generates random unsystematic triangle carrier (5 kHz, 2.5 kHz, 1.25 kHz, 1 kHz) based pulses, whereas the traditional random PWM techniques are uses a fixed frequency triangular carrier to generate random pulse positions. Asynchronous induction motor driving simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed MCRSVPWM is put to the test with a 2-kW six-switch VSI-fed induction motor drive system.
Improving control quality of PMSM drive systems based on adaptive fuzzy sliding control method
Authors: Chuyen Tran Duc , Hoa Roan Van , Co Hoang Dinh , Huong Tran Thi , Ha Pham Thi Thu , Linh Bui Thi Hai , Nguyen Tung Lam
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a solution to improve the precision in speed control for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) based on fuzzy adaptive sliding mode controller (FASMC) is proposed. In order to tackle the nonlinear tracking problem, continuously switching topologies are embedded. The designed algorithm and the closed electric drive system stability is examined by employing corresponding Lyapunov candidate functions. The results are numerically simulated and experimentally verified in the environment of MATLAB-Simulink, control Desk with dSPACE 1104 card, proving the applicability of the control algorithm which not only works well in simulations but also in practice for possible industrial traction drive applications.
An optimized off-grid hybrid system for power generation in rural areas
Authors: Sakhrieh Ahmad , Al Asfar Jamil , Shuaib Nour Abu
Published: May 2022

Stand-alone hybrid power generation system for a cow farm in Jordan is economically and technically optimized to meet the daily electrical load of the farm. A combination of photovoltaics, biogas generators, diesel generators, wind turbines, and batteries are used to determine the best scenario for the farm's power generation. In accordance with the price and technical data of the components, the systems were first studied technically and economically, and then simulated using hybrid optimization model for multiple energy resources (HOMER) software to identify the best configuration. Several options were analyzed to determine the best configuration. The optimized hybrid system includes photovoltaics, a biogas generator, batteries, and a diesel generator. The optimum configuration had a levelized cost of energy of $0.06 per kWh and a net present cost of $2,100,000. The renewable fraction of the total system electrical yearly production was 94%. Furthermore, the results showed that the optimized hybrid system could reduce the emitted gasses by about 92%.
Identification of harmonic source location in power distribution network
Authors: Jopri Mohd Hatta , Skamyin Aleksandr , Manap Mustafa , Sutikno Tole , Shariff Mohd Riduan Mohd , Belsky Aleksey
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the experimental set-up of identification of harmonic source location in the power distribution network using time-frequency analysis, known as S-transform (ST) at the point of common coupling (PCC). S-transform offers high frequency resolution in analyzing the low frequency component and able to represent signal parameters in time-frequency representation (TFR) such as TFR impedance (ZTFR). The proposed method is based on IEEE Std. 1459-2010, ST, and the significant relationship of spectral impedances components (ZS) that been extracted from the ZTFR, consist of the fundamental impedance (Z1) and harmonic impedance (Zh). This experiment was conducted out on an IEEE 4-bus test feeder with a harmonic producing load in numerous different scenarios. The experimental was tested and verified for three consecutive months. The findings of this study reveal that the proposed method provides 100 percent correct identification of harmonic source location.
Network analysis in legal history: an example from the Court of Friesland
Authors: de Jong Hylkje , van Dijck Gijs
Published: May 2022

This article focuses on the references (allegations) made by the lawyers in a selected number of cases to Roman and customary law as well as to court decisions when arguing their case. The analysis focuses on three similar civil litigation records from the Court of Friesland from 1716, 1718 and 1720. Network analysis was used to examine whether certain sources were more dominant (i.e. more central) in the network than others and to explore the relationship between the references. The lawyers in the three cases from the Court of Friesland appear to have used some references in common when arguing whether security rights (i.e. mortgages) included a right of pursuit and whether the auctioneer could recover the object if the buyer failed to pay.
Fortunatus und die Null
Authors: Wiesinger Michaela
Published: May 2022

Fortunatus is a rich man: Fortuna gave him a little bag, that always contains 10 gold coins when he reaches inside. The motive of the bag has been studied in terms of its economic power; this article wants to introduce another interpretation that connects the bag to the increasing relevance of the Hindu-Arabic numerals. The symbol for and the meaning of the Zero as well as the metaphorical overlap of the bag and the female reproductive organ will be the focus of this study.
The Gold Coast Brigade’s Crossing of the Juba River, Italian Somaliland, February 1941
Authors: Stapleton Timothy
Published: May 2022

In February 1941, West African troops conducted an opposed crossing of the Juba River in Italian Somaliland that, together with a South African crossing to the south, became a decisive action of the East Africa campaign of the Second World War. After the Juba was breached, Italian resistance in Somaliland crumbled with British imperial forces originating in Kenya taking Mogadishu in a few days and advancing into Ethiopia. Based on archival documents, this article pursues two aims. The first is to recover the little-known contribution of West African units during an important Second World War campaign. The second is to present the British-led West African action at Juba as an example of a successful river crossing long considered among the most difficult military operations. The intention is to provide an African example of operational military history traditionally dominated by case studies related to Europe, North America, and Asia.
Taraxacum rhodocarpum and T. schroeterianum (Asteraceae, Crepidinae) are not synonyms, and T. sect. Rhodocarpa is the correct name for T. sect. Alpestria
Authors: ŠTĚPÁNEK JAN , KIRSCHNER JAN
Published: May 2022

Taraxacum schroeterianum Hand.-Mazz. was published to cover distinctive red-fruited slender West Alpine plants with appressed outer phyllaries; it traditionally included T. rhodocarpum Dahlst. as a synonym. A separate section, T. sect. Rhodocarpa van Soest was even erected; its type is T. rhodocarpum on the basis of Art. 10.8 of the ICN. We present a detailed evidence for the separate status of T. schroeterianum and T. rhodocarpum. They differ in a series of morphological features and in the chromosome number. While the former represents a rather isolated taxon, the latter is close to the group of T. reophilum van Soest, the type of T. sect. Alpestria (van Soest) van Soest. Taraxacum sect. Rhodocarpa is therefore considered as the correct name for T. sect. Alpestria. The names T. schroeterianum and T. rhodocarpum are typified, and both these species together with T. sect. Rhodocarpa are supplemented with full descriptions. The name T. sagii Sonck was reassessed and synonymized with T. schroeterianum.