bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Wood Crystallinity with Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: Li Yao Xiang , Jiang Li Chun
Published: July 2011

The crystallinity of wood has an important effect on the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of cellulose fibers. Crystallinity of larch plantation wood was investigated with near infrared spectroscopy and multiple linear regression. Five typical wave lengths were selected to establish prediction model for wood crystallinity. Full-cross validation was applied to the model development. The model performance is satisfied with prediction correlation coefficient of 0.896 and bias of 0.0004. The results indicated that prediction of wood crystallinity with near infrared spectroscopy and multiple linear regression is feasible, which provides a fast and nondestructive method for wood crystallinity prediction.
Influence of Al2O3 Doping on the Microstructure and Current–Voltage Characteristics of ZnO-Based Linear Resistance Ceramics
Authors: Zhu Jian Feng , Zhou Yong , Yang Hai Bo , Wang Fen
Published: July 2011

ZnO-based linear resistance ceramics were synthesized using Al2O3 doped ZnO-based system as raw materials by sintered at 1340 °C for 3 h. The effects of Al2O3 content ranged from 1 to 15 wt% on the microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated in detail. The results show that the electrical properties such as nonlinear coefficient, resistivity and resistance temperature coefficient have been obviously influenced by Al2O3 doping. The optimal samples obtained by doping Al2O3 with 9 wt% have a nonlinear coefficient of 1.3, resistivity of 130 (Ω•cm) and resistance temperature coefficient of -5.4×10-3/ °C.
Test Study on Mechanical Characteristic of High Strength Composite Shaft Lining of Steel and Concrete
Authors: Yao Zhi Shu , Song Hai Qing , Cheng Hua
Published: July 2011

For the economic and reasonable application of high strength composite shaft lining of steel and concrete, the mechanical characteristic of this kind of structure were studied. First of all, according to the similarity theory, the shaft lining model is designed, then making the specimen and the loading test are put into effect. The results show that the combined action of inner and outer steel tube and middle concrete improves their respective performance. In shaft lining structure the stability of steel tube would be enhanced and the brittleness of high strength concrete would be improved also, so shaft lining structure shows fairly plastic feature when it is destroyed. Moreover, because of the restraint function of double-layer plate, the concrete in shaft lining structure completely is in triaxial compression stress state, the compressive strength can improve 1.53 ~ 1.90 times more than the concrete under uniaxial compression. The bearing capacity of shaft lining also increased greatly. Therefore, it is proposed that the improvement coefficient of the concrete’s compressive strength should be considered in the strength calculation of high composite shaft lining structure of steel and concrete.
Droplet Generation and Piezoceramic Actuation of a Jetting Inker
Authors: Zhang Lue , Hu Hong , Cao Yong
Published: July 2011

To reveal the jetting of fine drops, model of 2-phase flow between gas and liquid is offered based on volume of fluid method. Numerical simulation is launched for the droplet generation through narrow nozzle, and key factors are discussed. Aiming at the ink marking of defective dies in IC production, a jetting inker driven by piezoceramic stacks is developed. The actuation properties are derived; waveform of induced pressure at nozzle entrance is estimated, which coincides the numerical results. Performance of ink dot jetting is evaluated and simulation results are verified.
Experiment and Micro-Mechanism Study on Mechanical Properties and Durability of High-Calcium Fly Ash Concrete
Authors: Li Shuang Xi , Yang Tuan She , Wang Zhi Ming , Hu Quan
Published: July 2011

Low-calcium fly ash is paid much attention for its wide use in engineering, the research and application technology of it are very mature, but as to high-calcium fly ash concrete, the researches on stability, mechanical property and durability of it are very less , The existing researches are still inadequate for practice of engineering. As to this problem, using small shek kip hydropower project as example, the volume stability of high-calcium fly ash concretes with different fly ash dosages are tested, then the optimal dosage of the high-calcium fly ash is determined; based on this, the impacts of high-calcium fly ash on the performance of mechanical properties , impermeability and frost resistance of concrete are studied; Finally, macro performance is analyzed from a micro-mechanism point of view through taking the electron micrograph. As the study shows, the optimal dosage of high-calcium fly ash should be taken as 20% -25%; for the concrete with special requirements, the dosage can be relaxed to 30% when the high-calcium fly ash achieves high quality. The compressive strength of high-calcium fly ash concrete is higher than the low-calcium fly ash concrete. Strength development advantage of high-calcium fly ash concrete reflects at the early age, this advantage takes the trend of weakening as the development of age. Concrete mixed with high-calcium fly ash has good performance in impermeability. The high-calcium fly ash has high activity, the high-calcium fly ash and secondary hydration reaction products can be filled into the pore capillary and cracks of the concrete structure, improving the pore structure, thereby increasing the density of cement paste. High-calcium fly ash concrete has good performance in frost resistance. The destructive effects of freeze-thaw cycles on cement structure has connection with the microstructure of cement and impermeability , the improvement of impermeability avoids the water entering into the concrete, reduces the risk of destruction caused by frost heave.The study on micro-mechanism proves well the macro-phenomena above.
Effect of Solution Treatment on Hardness and Wear Properties of Nanometric Al2O3 Particulate Reinforced Al Alloy Matrix Composites Manufactured by Casting
Authors: Yang Yong Biao , Zhang Zhi Min , Meng Mu
Published: July 2011

Nanometric Al2O3 particulate reinforced Al alloy Composites bar manufactured by casting were hot compressed to 20% of its height, and solution treated at temperatures of 480°C, 490°C 510°C for 3 hours, then aged at a temperature of 120°C for 24 hours. Wear properties and hardness were investigated by wear tester and durometer, and microstructures were observed by optical microscopy. The result shows that the hardness of Al2O3 particulate reinforced Al composites increases with increasing solution temperatures, while wear loss and friction coefficient decreases with increasing solution temperatures. Microstructure observation revealed that the Al2O3 particulate reinforced Al alloy Matrix composites is of lamellar grain structure and the grain size increases with increasing solution treatment temperatures.
Characteristics Analysis of Angular Contact Ball Bearing Based on the Oil Film Stiffness1
Authors: Liu Zhifeng , Zhou Hao , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: July 2011

The bearing stiffness model is established based on the Hertz contact theory and the hydrodynamic lubrication theory of rolling bearing in this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the angular contact ball bearing and the relationship between the bearing preload, the speed and the stiffness of the angular contact ball bearing is analyzed, as well as the influence of the oil film stiffness on the bearing total stiffness. The results from taking 71924ACD/P4A bearing as an example shows that the preload and the speed have important effect on the stiffness of bearing. By the contrast of two kinds of situations, a conclusion can be drawn that when considering the oil film stiffness,the total stiffness reduces 0-40% than not considering the oil film stiffness.
Preparation and Characterization of Mesoporous Activated Carbon Fiber
Authors: Yang Yan Feng , Zhang Xue Jun , Li Hai Yan
Published: July 2011

General purpose pitch-based carbon fiber (PCF) was pretreated with steam to develop pores on the surface of fiber. After immersed in cobalt salt solution, PCF was used as raw materials to prepare activated carbon fiber (ACF) through steam activation process. The effect of pretreatment of carbon fiber on specific surface area, mesopore volume and pore size distribution was investigated by N2 adsorption, and morphology of the resultant ACF was observed with scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results show that pretreatment of PCF enlarges specific surface area and mesopore ratio of ACF remarkably. The best ACF obtained in experiment is the one with specific surface area of 2670 m2/g and mesoporosity of 61.8%. Cobalt has evident catalysis in preparing ACF from activation of PCF, while specific surface area and pore size of ACF get smaller with cobalt salt immersion when pretreatment is too strong.
Determination of Three Kinds of Volatile Residue of Ozone-Depleting Substances in Polyurethane Foam by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Chen Hai Feng , Cao Feng
Published: July 2011

This paper developed a gas chromatography for the determination of volatile residue of ozone-depleting substances (OSD) in polyurethane foam. The sample was detected by gas chromatography - electron capture detector (GC-ECD) under the condition of 120 oC, 5 oC of condensing reflux temperature, 30 min of extraction time and external standard method for quantification. The experimental results of spike recovery showed that: the average recovery of residue of Trichloromonofluoromethane, difluoromonochloroethane and 1, 1, 2 - trifluoro -1, 2, 2 – trichloroethane, the three volatile organic solvent, was 72.7% ~ 116.1%, and the relative standard deviations were less than 5%. This method can effectively overcome the matrix interference, and one introduction of samples can separate and detect three kinds of volatile organic compounds in polyurethane, which has the characteristics of wide linear range and short response time and improves the analytical efficiency.
A Novel Interactive 3D Display Based on Half-Silvered Mirror
Authors: Liu Wan Kui , Liu Yue
Published: July 2011

3D displays become more and more prevalent. Most 3D displays are so complicated and expensive that they are unavailable for ordinary people. Moreover, none of them are interactive. In this paper, we introduce a novel interactive low cost 3D display based on polarized light phenomenon. The system includes a touch box and two mutually perpendicular LCDs with a piece of half-silvered glass which bisects them. This novel system permits: (1) superior quality of display and (2) a novel interactive experience. The principle of the linearly polarized light reflection and refraction is deduced by Fresnel equations. The touch box is used to simulate 3D mouse, which consists of two touch panels. To show how it works, we implemented a 3D game application and a set of interactions are introduced.
Synthesis, Film Morphology and Performance of a Functional Polysiloxane Containing Polyether, Epoxy and Trifluoropropyl Side Groups
Authors: Xu Wei , An Qiu Feng , Xu Wei
Published: July 2011

A novel polysiloxane (PSA-PFMS) fabric finishing agent, bearing pendant stearyl acrylate, polyether, epoxy and trifluoropropyl side groups, etc., was synthesized by hydrosilylation of polytrifluoropropylhydromethylsiloxane (PFHMS), stearyl acrylate (SA), allylpolyoxyethylene ether (PEO) and allylglyeidyl ether (AGE). The chemical structure of PSA-PFMS was characterized by infrared spectrum (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Film morphology and molecular orientation of PSA-PFMS on silicon wafer substrate surface were observed by atomic force microscope (AFM). Results show that PSA-PFMS can form an inhomogeneous and hydrophobic polysiloxane film with rough, scraggly and microscopic phase separation structures. All of these suggest that the molecular orientation of PSA-PFMS is in such a manner that the stearyl acrylate groups, trifluoropropyl and silicon methyl groups project outward into air, while polyether and Si-O dipole bonds point to the silicon wafer substrate surface. Owing to this highly rough and microscopic phase-separated hydrophobic film and its tight link with fabric, the treated fabrics are altered from hydrophile to hydrophobe with water contact angle of 129.2° and possess favorable washing endurance with WCA of 106.7° after 20 times of standard soaping procedure.
Blue Shifting of Hydrogenated Silicon Carbide Multiple Quantum Wells
Authors: Chang Wen Teng , Chen Yu Ting , Kuo Chung Chin
Published: July 2011

Five-period hydrogenated silicon carbide (SiC) multiple quantum wells with silicon dioxide (SiO2) or silicon nitride (SiN) dielectric that were synthesized by high density plasma chemical vapor deposition were studied using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to understand its blue shift. Rapid thermal annealing induced significant blue shifting in the PL spectra after fluorine ion implantation due to crystallization. The thinning of the SiC causes blue shift due to the quantum confinement effect. The higher PL intensity of the amorphous SiC:H in SiO2 than in SiC/SiN may be attributed to the high number of non-radiative sites on its surface. Annealing with nitrogen may cause impurities in SiC/SiO2, thereby broadening the PL peak.
AR Sand Table with VSTAR System
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Lin
Published: July 2011

We have proposed a three-dimensional sand table based on the video see-through tabletop augmented reality (VSTAR) system. The hybrid registration algorithm is used combining marker-based OI iterative computer vision method and photoelectric encoders mechanical tracking method instead of computer vision method only, which makes tracking does not dependent on markers, so that the tracking field of vision is not limited to the scope of markers. The system is of high precision and can be used for architecture design show, military topography simulation, museum exhibition and other virtual sand table applications.
Preparation and Characterization of Hydrophilic Ultrafiltration Membrane with PVDF and PAA Blends
Authors: Wang Li Guo , Zhang Xiao Guang , Guo Shi Qi , Wang Ai Min , Wang Xiu Ju , Liu Si Quan
Published: July 2011

Hydrophilic Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by wet-spinning method. The influence of blending ratio ( the mass ratio of PVDF and PAA), polymer concentration on preparation of blending modified hydrophilic PVDF ultrafiltration membranes were investigated, the technical parameters of preparation of hydrophilic PVDF membranes were determined, and hydrophilic PVDF membranes were prepared. Then, hydrophilic PVDF membranes were characterized in terms of IR spectra, contact angle, scanning electron microscopy images, pure water flux and rejection. The results showed that hydrophilic ultrafiltration membrane could be prepared with PAA and PVDF blends, the hydrophilicity improved greatly, and it was better than traditional PVDF membrane.
Effect of Steroidal Saponins from Fructus tribuli on Growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Chen He , Hu Man , Shu Guo Wei , Qin Tao , Wang Jiang Ping
Published: July 2011

Effect of steroidal saponins fromFructus tribuli on growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01, BB03 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA09 was studied by measuring optical density at 600nm (OD600) and pH using MRS media as the control. The concentration of steroidal saponins (w/v) added in was 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%. Results were as follows: addition of steroidal saponins could improve the buffer ability of MRS and promote the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 and BB03. The optimum concentration of nutrient supplement in MRS media was 0.20% at incubation 24h for Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 and 0.25% at incubation 24h for Bifidobacterium bifidum BB03. Addition of steroidal saponins on Lactobacillus acidophilus LA09 didn’t play an obvious role in promoting growth when it was in high level.
Engine Room Monitoring System Design for Aging Vessels in Coastal Waters
Authors: Ma Qiang , Miao Yu Na , Sui Jiang Hua
Published: July 2011

In order to improve the engine room monitoring level of aging ship in coastal waters, to reduce engineers’ work load and to improve the supervision of shipping companies, the present study designs an engine room monitoring system by using VC++ programming technique, SQL Sever database technology, CAN Bus and CDMA 2000 network. The system incorporates such functions as data collection, data storage, interface display and operation, as well as wireless transmission, etc. Application results show that the system is stable, easy to use and incurs a low modifying cost. It facilitates both engineers’ timely control of the engine room status and shipping companies’ uniform supervision of the vessel. Thus the efficiency is improved and ship’s safe navigation is ensured.
Research on Range Gated Airborne Laser Underwater Detecting System
Authors: Li Hai Yan , Zhu Min , Xu Ke Wen
Published: July 2011

Airborne laser underwater detecting system is applied in military and civil field. The range gated technology can improve the SNR of laser detecting system efficiently and increase the detecting distance and scope. In this paper, the principle of range gated imaging was expatiated firstly, and then the demands and choice for laser transmitter and receiver were analyzed in detail. The Laser range gated synchronization control system based on TMS320DM642 was designed and the design principle and the practical realization process were implemented. This system can input target distance in real-time and choose the pulse width and delay time easily to gain clear range gated images.
A Method to Measure Depressed Pavement Area Based on Single Image
Authors: Tan Bai Hong , Zhang Liang
Published: July 2011

A calibrated plate will be placed on the spot before digital pictures are taken to calculate all kinds of useful data with a distance measure system of traffic based on single view. Depressed pavement area such as groove, gasoline stained etc. can be measured based on a single view, a method which employs region growing and boundary tracking was given in this paper. Firstly a closed boundary can be achieved with algorithm of region growing and boundary tracking, furthermore the pixels within the target closed area can be calculated. Finally the practical area can be calculated through the ratio relationship between the area and the calibrate plate. The experiment shows that the method has low time complexity and high robust．
Martensitic and Magnetic Transformation Behaviors in Ni50Mn34.5In15.5-xGdx Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Bai Li Na , Zhang Jian Jun , Zheng Gui Xing
Published: July 2011

Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys（MSMA）have attracted considerable attention due to their potential application in actuators driven by temperature and magnetic field . Research on shape memory alloys found that the Heusler alloys of MSMA body-centered cubic lattice structure were occured giant strains by magnetic fields[1-4]. Japanese scholars found the new magnetic Shape Memory Alloys Ni-Mn-In and Ni-Co-Mn-In Heusler alloys completely under the control of the magnetic shape fields in 2005[5-7]. In applied MSMA fields, the Ni-Mn-In Heusler alloys start the possibility of using shape memory effect only driven by magnetic field. However, the high brittleness of polycrystalline intermetallic compounds hinders the practical use. Until now, the investigated alloys are ongoing research to resolve, the investigation was carried out to employ rapid quenching by melt spinning to produce Mn–Ni–In Heusler alloys by JLSánchez Llamazares et al [8], and the ribbons of Ni-Mn-In Heusler alloys grain preferential texture. We use the rare earth Gd to improve machining performance of the new alloys, and study the change of microstructure and magnetic properties of alloys which may be a subject of significant scientific and technological interests.
A Software to Convert ESRI Shapefile to Flash SWF Format and its Extended Application
Authors: Zhang Jin Qu
Published: July 2011

A shapefile to SWF conversion software was mainly introduced. By converting the traditional GIS files such as ESRI Shapefile to the Shock Wave Flash (SWF) file format, the GIS data was highly compressed and suitable for the Internet publication. The generation of SWF files provided a complement for the current WebGIS technology and by using the converted SWF map files, an extended example of flash-based application in multi-level analysis to the socio-economic data was constructed. The example demenstrated its easy configuration and powerful potential ablities. More powerful applications based on SWF will be continued in the future work.
Reliability Evaluation for Complex Machinery Products
Authors: Du Feng , Guan Zhi Wei , Zhou Yi
Published: July 2011

For those large-scale and complex mechanical products, considering economy and applicability, these products are impossible to be discarded as soon as they take place malfunction. Generally, they can be reused again and again after be repaired repeatedly, that is, they usually have multi-lifespan. Accordingly, it is very necessary to establish a kind of proper reliability evaluation mode for these complex repairable products. In this paper, the treatment procedure of the reliability test data for these repairable products is researched based on the repairable reliability theory, and the method of model identification about failure distributions law is proposed. In addition, how to reasonably determine or predict product lives by using random process model is also introduced. Finally, an analysis case for putting this mean into practice is expounded. This method for product reliability analysis is suitable to most large-scale and complex mechanical products.
Analysis and Design of Data Management Information System for the Enterprise of Wooden Door
Authors: Ye Dong Fen , Fan Wei , Lin Lin Jing
Published: July 2011

In some companies, there are a lot of data exchange between head office and branch offices. Based on the situation and the actual requirements of a wooden door enterprise, a data management information system is researched and designed for the enterprise, which adopts B/S and C/S combined architecture as well as is developed on .net platform of Microsoft. The head office can monitor purchase, inventory and sales of products in branch offices in real time through the system to improve the efficiency of information management and to achieve the supervision with paperless office. It is of practical significance for the promotion of internal data management system of enterprise.
Study on Duplicate Tasks in Workflow Mining
Authors: Tian Wei , Wang Ming Qian , Kang Hao
Published: July 2011

A process mining approach based on α-algorithm is proposed, which can be applied to mine duplicate tasks contained in workflow logs. In this algorithm, the duplicate tasks are marked by the heuristic rules, the workflow models containing duplicate tasks are constructed using α-algorithm from identified logs. Experimental results validate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Study of Micro Vibration Detection Based on the Tunneling Effect
Authors: Li Meng Chao
Published: July 2011

Scanning tunneling microscopy is a precise nano measuring machine, and high precision means the influence factors of scanning tunneling microscopy is important to the measurement result. The micro vibration is an obvious interferential factor to scanning tunneling microscopy, especially the low frequency vibration. In order to avoid the influence of vibration, the vibration detection in the tunneling state and vibration compensation are key aspect and are one passive approach to improve the measurement accuracy.
Experimental Research on Performance of Heat Pump Using Shower Waste Water as Heat Source
Authors: Wang Han Dong
Published: July 2011

As we know, there is plenty of waste hot water produced by families’ shower or Sauna and drained directly into the environment. It causes high energy consumption and heat pollution to the environment. In order to recover the heat of shower waste water to save energy, we developed a small scale shower waste water source heat pump (SWWHP) water heater and carried out experiments on it to study its heating performance. Experiments showed that this heat pump water heater system had advantages such as quick starting, compact structure, no need of hot water tank, stable operation and energy saving, etc. It could be used to supply hot water above 40°C for shower or heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). Measured data showed that during the whole year, when the temperatures of waste water and city water were 20.1～35°C, 20.1～30°C, respectively, it could supply hot water at volumetric flow rate of 2.5～9.6L/min and temperature of 40.1～51.2°C and its heating coefficient of performance (COPh) varied in the range of 3.06～4.81. It could supply enough shower hot water in the whole year in South China and the energy saving efficiency was obvious. Analysis also showed that the COPh was closely relevant to the ratio of temperature differences of waste water and hot water, i.e., ΔTw/ΔTh. The correlation equation of COPh and ΔTw/ΔTh was obtained by method of data regression and it could be used to evaluate the performance of the SWWHP water heater system with error of ±6%.
Geo-Membrane Strength and Failure Analysis of Dumping Large Geo-Container
Authors: Tie Ying , Li Cheng , Zhang Bao Sen
Published: July 2011

Kinetic equation of dumping geo-container is considered, ALE dynamic mesh technique of finite element is applied, and strength and failure problem in the process of geo-container hitting the bottom is discussed. The finite element model of dynamic meshing is established, and the motion state, stress and strain of the geo-membrane of the large geo-container during the process of dumping are analyzed and calculated. By comparing with the results of the flume model experiment and dynamics calculation, the results verify the FEM model of fluid-structure coupled dumping geo-container; during the dumping, the tensile stress on the geo-membrane is the largest at the first 0.24 seconds after the geo-container hitting the bottom, and the maximum is 6.936 MPa at node 397 in the geo-container; after the failure analysis of the geo-membrane, the breaking strength is 27.050 MPa, which is less than the allowable strength, and meets with the strength requirements.
Slack Distribution for the Battery Aware Dynamic Voltage Scaling Policy
Authors: Xu Shen , Zhang Xi Fei , Li Jun Song , Jin Hai
Published: July 2011

Battery lifetime is a critical design parameter in the operation of mobile computing devices. Maximizing the battery lifetime is a particularly difficult problem due to the nonlinearity of the battery discharge behavior and its dependence on the discharge profile. In this paper, we address the problem how battery aware dynamic voltage scaling policy optimizes the battery capacity consumption. We propose the procedure of slack distribution optimization to reduce the battery capacity consumption by distributing the slack optimally for the schedules generated by the existing battery aware DVS policies, and analysis the properties of the procedure. The experiment results show that the proposed procedure can further safe battery capacity consumption evidently.
Medical Image Display Based on DICOM
Authors: Chen Pei Jiang
Published: July 2011

Modern medical diagnose has higher demand for image archiving and communication, the medical image display technology is mainly studied under the Windows platform. According to the analysis of the DICOM 3.0 standards and file formats, the general idea of the conversion from DICOM format to BMP format is proposed. Based on the object-oriented programming idea, a format conversion class called CDicomConvert is designed by using Visual C++. The class encapsulates many data and methods for DICOM image processing, and the class CDib is also improved. The result of the software running shows that it can convert the DICOM file to BMP format, and the medical image can be displayed under Windows.
Analysis on the Positioning Errors of Ink-Jet Printing Equipments Oriented to Three-Dimensional Microstructure
Authors: Yao Y.Y. , Zhao Li Ping
Published: July 2011

The repeated positioning accuracy of ink-jet printing equipments is the key influencing factor for the dimensional stability of flexible three-dimensional microstructure. To resolve the question of repeated positioning, this paper presents a matching recognition method of cross-circle’s center based on floating template, and introduces the formulas for positioning errors. Consequently, the present method can give a technical support for analysis on the dimensional stability of flexible three-dimensional microstructure.
A Novel 3D Game Design Method Based on Virtools Platform
Authors: Gang Chai , Huang Xiao Yu
Published: July 2011

This paper studies the application of computer games in the popularization of forestry science knowledge and proposes a method of 3D game development based on Virtools platform, which creates 3D models in 3ds max and Maya, and then realizes the game functions in Virtools. This paper designs and develops a 3D game for the popularization of forestry science, gets a better balance between knowledge and game play, and enhances the users' interaction experience by adding the gamepad, which has great reference and practicability value. Computer games will play an increasingly important role in the popularization of forestry science.
A Novel Animation Design Method Based on Collaborative Design
Authors: Li Cheng Mao , Huang Xiao Yu
Published: July 2011

Today's computer depends on network more and more, thus collaborative design has become an important way of workflow. Because of cumbersome and complicated state of animation design which needs huge numbers of staff work, the combination with collaborative design is the only alternative to develop animation design. As animation design is always non-parametric and has a complex variety of objects, the problems forward in collaboration are doomed to be different from other design process. Based on this, this article discusses the possible problems of collaboration in animation design.
An Analytical Method for Free Vibration Analysis of Composite Beams Subjected to Initial Thermal Stresses
Authors: Mahi A. , Adda-Bedia E.A. , Benkhedda A.
Published: July 2011

The purpose of this paper is to present exact solutions for the free vibration of symmetrically laminated composite beams. The present analysis includes the first shear deformation theory and the rotary inertia. The analytical solutions take into account the thermal effect on the free vibration characteristics of the composite beams. In particular, the aim of this work is to derive the exact closed-form characteristic equations for common boundary conditions. The different parameters that could affect the natural frequencies are included as factors (aspect ratio, thermal load-to-shear coefficient, ply orientation) to better perform dynamic analysis to have a good understanding of dynamic behavior of composite beams. In order to derive the governing set of equations of motion, the Hamilton’s principle is used. The system of ordinary differential equations of the laminated beams is then solved and the natural frequencies’ equations are obtained analytically for different boundary conditions. Numerical results are presented to show the influence of temperature rise, aspect ratio, boundary conditions and ply orientation on the natural frequencies of composite beams.
Study of the Transmission of Ultrasonic Guided Wave at the Junction of Two Different Elastic Plates with the Presence of a Defect
Authors: Belhoussine Drissi Taoufiq , Morvan Bruno , Predoi Mihai , Izbicki Jean Louis , Pareige Pascal
Published: July 2011

We are interested in a right junction of two plates of different materials (aluminum and copper) placed in contact edge to edge. The aim of this study is the interaction of Lamb waves with a defect located at the junction. The reflection and transmission of the fundamental symmetrical S0 wave is analyzed. The theoretical coefficients of reflection and transmission are obtained by a multi-modal approach based on the orthogonality relations involving different modes. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM), we estimate the limit value of the ratio between the dimension of the defect and the thickness of the structure, for which the multi-modal approach is applicable. In experimental and numerical studies, it is also brought to light the effects of diffraction by the defect.
A Triple Channel High Rejection RF MEMS Switched Filter Bank
Authors: Yu Yuan Wei , Zhu J. , Shi Yi , Yu Jian
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a bandpass switchable filter for 6–11GHz applications which is housed in a machined aluminum chassis. The circuit consists of three fixed interdigital microstrip filters and two single-pole triple-throw (SP3T) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switching networks achieved by the individual series-shunt MEMS switch chips. A tuning range of 36.6% was achieved from 6.7 to 9.7 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 21.1±2.7%, with low mid-band insertion loss ranging from 2.6 dB to 3.0 dB. Rejection is below -50 dB in most cases and skirt slopes are more than 50 dB/GHz at both lower and higher stopband.
Characterization of AlGaN/GaN Cantilevers Fabricated with Deep-Release Techniques
Authors: Lv Jian An , Yang Zhen Chuan , Yan Gui Zheng , Cai Yong , Zhang Bao Shun , Chen Kevin J.
Published: July 2011

In this article, integrated AlGaN/GaN cantilevers on (111) silicon substrate are fabricated and characterized. The process started with AlGaN/GaN HEMTs fabrication followed by a series of dry-etch-only MEMS process. To characterize the residual stress distribution, Micro-Raman spectroscopy is used and the residual stress in suspended GaN cantilever is found ~ 90% lower after releasing. A type of micro-bending test is used to characterize the piezoresponse of AlGaN/GaN HEMT on the GaN cantilever. An output current modulation greater than 20% can be observed when the cantilever is vertically downward deflected ~ 30 µm.
The Study of a Fluxgate SPICE Model Based on Schmitt Trigger
Authors: Zhao Yue , Hu Jing Lin , Lou Wen Zhong , Zhang Long Fei
Published: July 2011

Current fluxgate sensor probe SPICE models constructed by using arc tangent transfer function method and the diode model in fluxgate sensor simulation had some disadvantages which were non convergence, low simulation accuracy, discontinuously adjusted core characteristics and the model couldn’t simulate the hysteresis characteristic. IO characteristics of Schmitt Trigger was similar to the B-H curve of soft magnetic core in shape, for this reason Schmitt trigger was used to construct fluxgate probe SPICE model. HSPICE was used in simulation. Simulation results shown that this model can simulate the real electrical properties of fluxgate probe accurately. This model can be used for fluxgate sensor interface integrated circuit research and fluxgate sensor application, and provide a reference to judge the performance for fluxgate sensors of which core parameters within a certain range.
System Design of Nonideal Fourth-Order Sigma-Delta Micromachined Accelerometer
Authors: Liu Xiao Wei , Li Zhi , Sun Guan Nan , Liu Yun Tao
Published: July 2011

The paper describes the system design for a nonideal capacitive micromichined accelerometer in MATLAB/SIMULINK. In this paper, a fourth-order sigma-delta micromachined accelerometer system design is represented, which includes the electrode movement and circuit noise. By simulation and comparison with the ideal 4th-order sigma-delta accelerometer in MATLAB, we have found that the SNR is essentially influenced by the electrode movement. Moreover the influence of the electrode stiffness Ke is researched. We have also researched the effects of the kT/C noise and the front-end amplifier noise. This nonideal accelerometer system can represent more accurate simulation result.
Low Cost Fabrication of Micro Glass Cavities For MEMS Wafer Level and Hermetic Packaging
Authors: Shang Jin Tang , Liu Jun Wen , Zhang Di , Chen Bo Yin , Xu Chao , Luo Xin Hu , Yu Hui , Liu Jing Dong , Huang Qin Gan , Tang Jie Ying , Qin Ming
Published: July 2011

Many MEMS devices including accelerometer and gyroscopes, having moving parts, requires hermetic and low cost packaging. In this paper we propose a low cost fabricating process to prepare micro glass cavity arrays for wafer-level and hermetic packaging of MEMS. First, the fundamental of the process was discussed. Then, the process for preparing cavity arrays in Pyrex7740 glass wafer was studied experimentally. After that, the defects of the fabrication were discussed. Results show that wafer-level packaged cavities were prepared, whose diameter was controllably between 200 microns and 2000 microns. It is also disclosed that the defects could be avoided by controlling the process parameters. Results also show that the leakage rate of the single packaged cavities is below 5Χ10-9 Pa.m/s which could meet the hermetic packaging standard.
On-Chip Bio-Micro Separation and Operation Effected on the Diamagnetic Levitation with MEMS
Authors: Cheng Yu Xiang , Zhang Wei Ping , Li Shi Peng , Chen Wen Yuan
Published: July 2011

This paper reports an overview and development of the diamagnetic levitation technology. The paper presents the characteristic and application of the magnrto-Archemides levitation and also the key factors in the applications. In the paper, the simulation models are built, and analyzed with MEMS technology. Finally, technology development and the application, especially in the field of biomedicine, are prospected.
Research of Separation of Amino Acids on Micro-Free Flow Electrophoresis Chip with Voltage Applied in Two-Dimension
Authors: Gan Jun , Xu Yi , Cao Ming Xia , Ni Yan An , Peng Jin Lan , Ma Liang Bo , Chuan Na
Published: July 2011

The Free Flow Electrophoresis micro Chip with voltage applied in two-dimension and coupled with hydraulic control unit was designed in this paper, which can achieve fluid transport and sample separation in the electrophoresis process. The Alpha gel scanning imaging system was used as the detector, which could observe experiment phenomenon, record and analyse experiment results. Under the optimized conditions of the 10mmol borate buffer contain 3 %( v/v) glycerol, at pH 10 and the ratio of field strength in two-dimension at 1:5, the mixed amino acids including phenylalanine (L-Phe) and lysine (L-Lys) were successfully separated in the μ-FFE analytical system. The experiment had shown that the correlation coefficient of the L-Phe and L-Lys was up to 0.993 and 0.992, respectively. The results illustrated that μ-FFE have showed great potential perspective in the separation of mix Amino Acids, especially in the quantitative test of the trace Amino Acids in clinic samples.
Stokes' Second Problem with Velocity Slip Boundary Condition
Authors: Wang Wei Dong , Niu Xiang Yu , Fan Kang Qi , Wang Qing Yi
Published: July 2011

The damping effect of microfluidics has great effect on the dynamic characteristics of MEMS devices. Based on the separation of variables and the integral transform methods, the Stokes' second problem is solved at the microscale velocity slip boundary condition and the analytical solution for velocity distribution is obtained. Furthermore, the expression of the penetration depth is gotten for Stokes model in this article. Through analysis, it’s found that due to the effect of the microscale velocity slip boundary condition, the velocity oscillation amplitude and the penetration depth have been reduced. Then the shear stress, the damping force and elastic force on the plate have been investigated. It’s shown that both the elastic coefficient and the damping coefficient increases as the oscillation frequency rises.
A Porous Microfluidic Chip for Protein Extraction Based on Solid Phase Extraction Method
Authors: Chen Xing , Cui Da Fu , Zhang Lu Lu , Li Hui , Sun Jian Hai , Cai Hao Yuan
Published: July 2011

Based on the principle of solid phase extraction (SPE) and the special immunoreaction, a microfluidic chip integrated with porous matrix was developed for protein extraction. Porous matrix was achieved by electrochemical etching silicon in a HF/ethanol mixture, which was coated on the wall of the rectangular channel of the microchip to provide a surface-enlarging matrix. The surface morphology of the bare porous silicon and the porous silicon modified with the protein has been characterized by SEM. Non-porous chip and porous chip were used to extract protein. Compared with non-porous matrix, the porous matrix achieved higher extracted efficiency of protein. Then two methods of surface modification were employed on porous matrix for protein extraction. The surface modification with Protein A could extract more protein with less non-special absorption. Evaluation of the structure of the solid phase matrix and the surface modification process in the microfluidic chip, the porous microfluidic chip is able to be suitable for incorporation into micro total analysis system (μTAS).
Magnetic Microfluidic Mixer
Authors: Hong Ting Fu , Leong Jik Chang , Lin Liou Long Kai , Tsai Chien Hsiung , Fu Lung Ming
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a novel simple Y-type micromixer based on stable water suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles (i.e. ferrofluids). An electromagnet driven by an AC power source is used to induce transient interactive flows between a ferrofluid and DI water. The alternative magnetic field causes the ferrofluid to expand significantly and uniformly toward DI water associated with a great number of extremely fine fingering structures on the interface in the microchannel. Different magnetic strengths of the electromagnet were applied by adjusting the magnitude of AC supplied power at frequency of 45 Hz. The results show, due to the magnetic fields, two fluids mix with each other efficiently (mixing ratio can be as high as 95%). When the magnetic field is high enough, the labyrinthine fingering instability take place. This phenomenon is favorable for the fluid mixing. In addition, the increasing magnetic field enhances the efficiency of the mixing apparently.
Research of Curved Artificial Compound Eyes Based on MEMS Technology
Authors: He Qing , Liu Jing Quan , Yang Chun Sheng
Published: July 2011

This paper studies the fabrication of curved surface artificial compound eyes and application in the optical imaging system. At present, the planar artificial compound eyes imaging system has narrow field of view angle because of its flat array structure of compound eyes. The preparation process of some existed curved surface artificial compound eyes is very complex and is very difficult to guarantee their exact curvature of the substrate. This paper presents a new method to fabricate the curved artificial compound eyes precisely based on MEMS technology The base diameter of the compound eye lens surface is 8mm and the height is 3mm, which includes thousands of compound eyelet. The diameter of the eyelet is 170μm, and the height is18μm. We use this curved artificial compound eyes and CCD imaging sensor assembly,aside from the impact of edge effects,we get the multi-angle and multi-dimensional photography to one object in the center of the imaging area. Therefore, the curved artificial compound eyes optical imaging system has a strong advantage in the dynamic spatial orientation.
A Micro-Optical Transceiver for Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope
Authors: Wang Kun Bo , Ma Ying Jian , Zhang Bo , Feng Li Shuang
Published: July 2011

The application of integrated optical components into a single module provides a method of increasing the level of integration with the real potential of reducing unit cost and raising the reliability. A new method was used to design a micro-optical transceiver module of an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) system. By using free-space optical coupling method, all optical parts except a phase modulator and the sensing coil were built in a single module to form the active configuration of the IFOG, including a SLD chip, a photoelectric detector, a beam splitter and a light source driving circuit. Very small optical elements were used in the micro-optical transceiver, and the driving circuit of the light source was optimized and integrated by using thick film integrated technology into the transceiver. Reducing the number of optical components makes size smaller and assembling-cost lower. A gyro test which was composed of the transceiver module connecting to a phase modulator and the polarization-mode (PM) fiber coil of 800 m in length was carried out. The bias stability of IFOG is about 0.63 degrees/hour. Experimental results show that this optical transceiver will dominate the entire low- and medium performance range of IFOG system.
An Electrostatic Force Feedback Approach for Extending the Bandwidth of MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope
Authors: Cui Jian , Guo Zhong Yang , Zhao Qian Cheng , Yang Zhen Chuan , Hao Yi Long , Yan Gui Zhen
Published: July 2011

This paper proposed an effective approach for extending the bandwidth of MEMS vibratory gyroscope by employing the electrostatic force feedback control. The mathematical model for the bandwidth is established through the dynamic model of the gyroscope, which indicates that the bandwidth of the sensor depends on the difference between the resonant frequencies of the two working modes. The system bandwidth can be enlarged by utilizing electrostatic force rebalance control to null Coriolis force caused by external angular rate which can also improve the performance of the transient response. Simulation results forecast a satisfactory performance of the control system with suggested control method.
Fabrication of Large Area, 70 nm Pitch Nanograting Patterns by Nanoimprint Lithography Using Flexible Polymer Stamp
Authors: Meng Fan Tao , Chu Jin Kui , Luo Gang , Han Zhi Tao , Wang Zhi Wen
Published: July 2011

Flexible polymer stamps are considered as an attractive alternative to rigid, brittle and expensive stamps made of inorganic materials because of their low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we present a nanoimprint process to fabricate large area, high-resolution nanograting patterns using flexible polymer stamp made from fluoropolymer. The flexibility and low surface energy of polymer stamp provide a clean release without fracture or deformation of the stamp and of the replicated nanograting. Large-area, high-density nanograting patterns with good shape homogeneity and size uniformity have been successfully fabricated using the flexible polymer stamp with advantages of its good conformal contact and low adhesion. Using flexible polymer stamps can resolve many serious issues in NIL and therefore can bring it to real industrial applications.
Designing Experiment Platform for Micro Heat Exchangers
Authors: Jiang Jin Yun , Wu Da Ming , Zhang Ya Jun , Zhuang Jian
Published: July 2011

Micro heat exchanger, with its advantages such as small volume, light weight, high efficiency etc. has an increasing demand of market needs and applications. To evaluate the performance of a particular micro heat exchanger, this paper provides a novel platform for testing and inspection. Four sections are involved including the working principle of the experiment platform, component parts and arrangement, experiment and the data analysis. As for the hardware, precision instruments such as pressure gauge, flow meter and temperature sensors are utilized in the experiment in the data acquisition section. While for the software aspect, data acquisition and processing system based on the Visual Basic is applied in this experiment. The effect of the platform for micro heat exchanger is supported by the results of the testing .