bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations on the increase in size at moulting in the lobster (Homarus vulgaris M.-Edw.)
Authors: Thomas H. J.
Published: June 2019

A knowledge of growth rates is a pre-requisite in estimating the effect of fishing upon the available stocks. In Crustacea, where there is no known means of establishing accurately the age of the individual, the importance of measuring the growth rate is increased whilst its determination is made more difficult. In Homarus vulgaris some experiments were undertaken by Dannevig (1936), and Wilder (1953) gives considerable data for the American lobster. Results suggest that the growth increment is not uniform in all latitudes. Experiments to augment the limited data available for H. vulgaris and to establish the increase in size at moulting in local lobster stocks were therefore undertaken by the Marine Laboratory of the Scottish Home Department at Aberdeen. A statement of some preliminary results was given in Report on the Fisheries of Scotland (Lucas, 1957, p. 58).
The occurrence of gallium in marine organisms
Authors: Culkin F. , Riley J. P.
Published: June 2019

Little is known about the occurrence of gallium in the biosphere. The first recorded instance of its detection in a living organism is due to Cornec (1919), who detected the element in Laminaria sp. Vinogradov (1935) suspected its presence in an undetermined gorgonian, but his statement that Zvinden had detected it in human tissue appears to be an erroneous citation (Hutchinson, 1943). Bertrand (1941) detected the element in oysters, and, after chemical concentration, in human urine.
A method for the measurement of vitamin B12concentration in sea water
Authors: Daisley K. W.
Published: June 2019

The vitamin B12concentration in sea water is so very low that only the most sensitive microbiological assay techniques are likely to be capable of measuring it, but the salt concentration is so high as to be inhibitory to most of the organisms conventionally used for the microbiological assay of the vitamin. Nevertheless, the consideration that vitamin B12concentration may have an influence on the amounts and types of life present in sea areas has persuaded several investigators to attempt its measurement.

The methods so far employed have each their own advantages and dis-advantages (Droop, 1954, 1955; Lewin, 1954; Sweeney, 1954; Cowey, 1956; Adair & Vishniac, 1958). The method to be described here offers advantages in sensitivity, permitting direct measurement of the vitamin in small quantities of oceanic waters after further dilution; samples to be measured pass through comparatively few different containers and thus there is less risk of their accumulating adventitious vitamin; simple and easily cleaned apparatus is used, and much less bench-work is involved than when methods other than dilution are used for lowering the salt concentration.
The buoyancy of bathypelagic fishes without a gas-filled swimbladder
Authors: Denton E. J. , Marshall N. B.
Published: June 2019

The upper reaches of the deep ocean contain many bathypelagic fishes with a capacious, gas-filled swimbladder. But living within and below this region are also numerous species in which this hydrostatic organ is absent or markedly regressed (Marshall, in preparation). In the neritic province nearly all the fishes that swim freely at the various water levels (and can stay poised at a particular level without undue effort) have a well-developed swimbladder, the capacity of which is about equal to 5 % of the body volume (Jones & Marshall, 1953). Having this amount of gas, these fishes are able to keep their weight in water close to the vanishing point. If such a fish were deprived of its swimbladder, it could keep at a constant level only by exerting a down-ward force equivalent to 5 % of its weight in air. The swimbladder thus saves the fish the energy needed for such effort, which is quite appreciable.
VI.—The Geochemistry of the Rosses Granitic Ring Complex, Co. Donegal, Ireland
Authors: Mercy Edward L. P.
Published: June 2019

Synopsis

The members of the Rosses Granitic Ring Complex have been chemically analyzed. The data are presented as averages with 95 per cent confidence limits for individual elements. A limited amount of crystallization differentiation is demonstrated when the major units—the biotite microgranite sheets, the porphyry dykes, the ring granites and the grey and pink microgranite sheets—are compared with one another. This involves an increase in Si, K, a decrease in Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca and P, but Na (and Mn) remain constant. The ring granites G1-G4 undergo very little differentiation and variations in their composition, except for Si, are ascribed mainly to heterogeneity.

The origin of the magma which gave rise to the complex is due to the palingenesis of the Older Granodiorite under the influence of a Na, K, alumino-silicate influx. This magma was the source of the biotite microgranite sheets and, after differentiation, the granites G1 and G2, together with some of the grey and pink microgranite sheets. After a period of quiescence a second influx produced the similar magma which was the source of the porphyry dykes and, after differentiation, gave rise to the granites G3 and G4, the Newer Granite bosses and the late grey and pink microgranite sheets.
XI.—The Silurian Inlier of Carmichael, Lanarkshire
Authors: Rolfe W. D. Ian
Published: June 2019

Synopsis

The occurrence of Monograptus in the Carmichael Burn section of the Midland Valley of Scotland has now been confirmed. A new fauna is described from beds previously regarded as Ludlovian which are here suggested to be of Valentian age. A detailed stratigraphical succession has been established and the structure of the area revised in the light of this new information, most of which was derived from a number of exploratory pits sunk for the purpose. Tentative correlations with the other Midland Valley inliers are attempted and many problems requiring future solution are raised.
XIII.—On the Structure of Deltasperma fouldenense gen. et sp. nov., and Camptosperma berniciense gen. et sp. nov., petrified seeds from the Calciferous Sandstone Series of Berwickshire
Authors: Long Albert G.
Published: June 2019

Synopsis

Two new species of fossil seeds are described from the Cementstone Group of Berwickshire. Deltasperma fouldenense is asymmetrically platyspermic, and has large superficial cells chiefly on the more convex side. It is orthotropous but shows no pedicel. Camptosperma berniciense is campylotropous and has a dense integument. A vascular bundle to the chalaza ends at the nucellus base.

Both seeds possess a similar lagenostome and short salpinx; two integumental bundles which expand in the free lobes; a female prothallus with a wide “tent-pole” and about two archegonia; a nucellus adnate to the integument below the lagenostome; and spherical pollen grains in the pollen chamber. The seeds show most affinity with the Lagenostomales.
XV.—Some Pteridosperm Seeds from the Calciferous Sandstone Series of Berwickshire
Authors: Long Albert G.
Published: June 2019

Synopsis

Four new species of petrified seeds are described:

1.

Eccroustosperma langtonense gen. et sp. nov.—a curved platyspermic seed with two apical lobes of the integument and a rough sclerotesta when mature.

2.

Hydrasperma tenuis gen. et sp. nov.—a small slender seed with 8–10 free apical lobes and longitudinal external ridges.

3.

Stamnostoma bifrons sp. nov.—a barrel-shaped seed with a nucellar apex and micropyle intermediate in form between Stamnostoma huttonense and Sphcerostoma ovale.

4.

Dolichosperma sexangulatum gen. et sp. nov.—a relatively long narrow radiospermic seed with a dense sixangled integument open above and without tentacles or micropyle. The salpinx was probably funnel-shaped.

All four species are assigned to the Lagenostomales.
Missing Lakes Under Antarctic Ice Sheets
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: June 2019

New radio sounding study finds little evidence of lakes under Antarctica's Recovery Glacier.
Strongly Coupled Data Assimilation in Multiscale Media: Experiments Using a Quasi‐Geostrophic Coupled Model
Authors: Penny S. G. , Bach E. , Bhargava K. , Chang C.‐C. , Da C. , Sun L. , Yoshida T.
Published: June 2019

Strongly coupled data assimilation (SCDA) views the Earth as one unified system. This allows observations to have an instantaneous impact across boundaries such as the air‐sea interface when estimating the state of each individual component. Operational prediction centers are moving toward Earth system modeling for all forecast timescales, ranging from days to months. However, there have been few studies that examine fundamental aspects of SCDA and the transition from traditional approaches that apply data assimilation only to a single component, whether forecasts were derived from a coupled model or an uncoupled forced model. The SCDA approach is examined here in detail using numerical experiments with a simple coupled atmosphere‐ocean quasi‐geostrophic model. The impact of coupling is explored with respect to its impact on the Lyapunov spectrum and on data assimilation system stability. Different data assimilation methods are compared within the context of SCDA, including the 3‐D and 4‐D Variational methods, the ensemble Kalman filter, and the hybrid gain method. The impact of observing system coverage is also investigated. We find that SCDA is generally superior to weakly coupled or uncoupled approaches. Dynamically defined background error covariance estimates are essential for SCDA to achieve an accurate coupled state estimate as the observing system becomes sparser. As a clarification of seemingly contradictory findings from previous studies, it is shown that ocean observations can adequately constrain atmospheric state estimates provided that the analysis‐observing frequency is sufficiently high and the ensemble size determining the background error covariance is sufficiently large.
Fibrotic liver microenvironment promotes Dll4 and SDF-1-dependent T-cell lineage development
Authors: Gong Zheng , Shang Bingxue , Chu Yunpeng , Chen Xiaodong , Li Qing , Liu Keli , Chen Yongjing , Huang Yin , Han Yanyan , Shang Qianwen , Zheng Zhiyuan , Song Lin , Li Yanan , Liu Rui , Xu Chenchang , Zhang Xiaoren , Liu Baochi , Wang Luowei , Shao Changshun , Wang Ying , Shi Yufang
Published: June 2019

The reconstitution of the T-cell repertoire and quantity is a major challenge in the clinical management of HIV infection/AIDS, cancer, and aging-associated diseases. We previously showed that autologous bone marrow transfusion (BMT) via the hepatic portal vein could effectively restore CD4+T-cell count in AIDS patients also suffering from decompensated liver cirrhosis. In the current study, we characterized T-cell reconstitution in a mouse model of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4and found that T-cell reconstitution after BMT via hepatic portal vein was also greatly enhanced. The expression ofDll4(Delta-like 4), which plays an important role in T-cell progenitor expansion, was elevated in hepatocytes of fibrotic livers when compared to normal livers. This upregulation ofDll4expression was found to be induced by TNFα in an NFκB-dependent manner. Liver fibroblasts transfected with Dll4 (LF-Dll4) also gained the capacity to promote T-cell lineage development from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), resulting in the generation of DN2 (CD4 and CD8 DN 2) and DN3 T-cell progenitors in vitro, which underwent a normal maturation program when adoptively transferred intoRag-2deficient hosts. We also demonstrated a pivotal role of SDF-1 produced by primary liver fibroblasts (primary LF) in T-lineage differentiation from HSCs. These results suggest that Dll4 and SDF-1 in fibrotic liver microenvironment could promote extrathymic T-cell lineage development. These results expand our knowledge of T-cell development and reconstitution under pathological conditions.
H7N9 influenza A virus activation of necroptosis in human monocytes links innate and adaptive immune responses
Authors: Lee Andrew C. Y. , Zhang Anna J. X. , Chu Hin , Li Can , Zhu Houshun , Mak Winger W. N. , Chen Yanxia , Kok Kin-Hang , To Kelvin K. W. , Yuen Kwok-Yung
Published: June 2019

We previously demonstrated that avian influenza A H7N9 virus preferentially infected CD14+ monocyte in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which led to apoptosis. To better understand H7N9 pathogenesis in relation to monocyte cell death, we showed here that extensive phosphorylation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein occurred concurrently with the activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3 in H7N9-infected monocytes at 6 h post infection (hpi), indicating that apoptosis and necroptosis pathways were simultaneously activated. The apoptotic morphology was readily observed in H7N9-infected monocytes with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the pan-caspase inhibitor, IDN6556 (IDN), accelerated cell death through necroptosis as evidenced by the increased level of pMLKL accompanied with cell swelling and plasma membrane rupture. Most importantly, H7N9-induced cell death could only be stopped by the combined treatment of IDN and necrosulfonamide (NSA), a pMLKL membrane translocation inhibitor, but not by individual inhibition of caspase or RIPK3. Our data further showed that activation of apoptosis and necroptosis pathways in monocytes differentially contributed to the immune response of monocytes upon H7N9 infection. Specifically, caspase inhibition significantly enhanced, while RIPK3 inhibition reduced the early expression of type I interferons and cytokine/chemokines in H7N9-infected monocytes. Moreover, culture supernatants from IDN-treated H7N9-infected monocyte promoted the expression of co-stimulatory molecule CD80, CD83 and CD86 on freshly isolated monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDCs) and enhanced the capacity of MDCs to induce CD3+ T-cell proliferation in vitro. In contrast, these immune stimulatory effects were abrogated by using culture supernatants from H7N9-infected monocyte with RIPK3 inhibition. In conclusion, our findings indicated that H7N9 infection activated both apoptosis and necroptosis in monocytes. An intact RIPK3 activity is required for upregulation of innate immune responses, while caspase activation suppresses the immune response.
Structural basis for human sterol isomerase in cholesterol biosynthesis and multidrug recognition
Authors: Long Tao , Hassan Abdirahman , Thompson Bonne M , McDonald Jeffrey G , Wang Jiawei , Li Xiaochun
Published: June 2019

3-β-hydroxysteroid-Δ8, Δ7-isomerase, known as Emopamil-Binding Protein (EBP), is an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, autophagy, oligodendrocyte formation. The mutation on EBP can cause Conradi-Hunermann syndrome, an inborn error. Interestingly, EBP binds an abundance of structurally diverse pharmacologically active compounds, causing drug resistance. Here, we report two crystal structures of human EBP, one in complex with the anti-breast cancer drug tamoxifen and the other in complex with the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor U18666A. EBP adopts an unreported fold involving five transmembrane-helices (TMs) that creates a membrane cavity presenting a pharmacological binding site that accommodates multiple different ligands. The compounds exploit their positively-charged amine group to mimic the carbocationic sterol intermediate. Mutagenesis studies on specific residues abolish the isomerase activity and decrease the multidrug binding capacity. This work reveals the catalytic mechanism of EBP-mediated isomerization in cholesterol biosynthesis and how this protein may act as a multi-drug binder.
Partitioning surface ligands on nanocrystals for maximal solubility
Authors: Pang Zhenfeng , Zhang Jun , Cao Weicheng , Kong Xueqian , Peng Xiaogang
Published: June 2019

A typical colloidal nanoparticle can be viewed as a nanocrystal-ligands complex with an inorganic single-crystalline core, the nanocrystal, bonded with a monolayer of organic ligands. The surface chemistry of nanocrystal-ligands complexes is crucial to their bulk properties. However, deciphering the molecular pictures of the nonperiodic and dynamic organic-inorganic interlayer is a grand technical challenge, and this hampers the quantitative perception of their macroscopic phenomena. Here we show that the atomic arrangement on nanocrystal surface and ligand-ligand interactions can be precisely quantified through comprehensive solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) methodologies. The analyses reveal that the mixed ligands of n-alkanoates on a CdSe nanocrystal segregate in areal partitions and the unique arrangement unlocks their rotational freedom. The mathematical model based on the NMR-derived ligand partition and dynamics successfully predicts the unusual solubility of nanocrystal-ligands complexes with mixed ligands, which is several orders of magnitude higher than that of nanocrystal-ligands complexes with pure ligands.
Novel Green Biomimetic Approach for Synthesis of ZnO-Ag Nanocomposite; Antimicrobial Activity against Food-borne Pathogen, Biocompatibility and Solar Photocatalysis
Authors: Zare Mina , Namratha Keerthiraj , Alghamdi Saad , Mohammad Yasser Hussein Eissa , Hezam Abdo , Zare Mohamad , Drmosh Qasem Ahmed , Byrappa Kullaiah , Chandrashekar Bananakere Nanjegowda , Ramakrishna Seeram , Zhang Xiang
Published: June 2019

A simple, eco-friendly, and biomimetic approach using Thymus vulgaris (T. vulgaris) leaf extract was developed for the formation of ZnO-Ag nanocomposites (NCs) without employing any stabilizer and a chemical surfactant. T. vulgaris leaf extract was used for the first time, in a novel approach, for green fabrication of ZnO-Ag NCs as a size based reducing agent via the hydrothermal method in a single step. Presence of phenols in T. vulgaris leaf extract has served as both reducing and capping agents that play a critical role in the production of ZnO-Ag NCs. The effect of silver nitrate concentration in the formation of ZnO-Ag NCs was studied. The in-vitro Antimicrobial activity of NCs displayed high antimicrobial potency on selective gram negative and positive foodborne pathogens. Antioxidant activity of ZnO-Ag NCs was evaluated via (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH method. Photocatalytic performance of ZnO-Ag NCs was appraised by degradation of phenol under natural sunlight, which exhibited efficient photocatalytic activity on phenol. Cytotoxicity of the NCs was evaluated using the haemolysis assay. Results of this study reveal that T. vulgaris leaf extract, containing phytochemicals, possess reducing property for ZnO-Ag NCs fabrication and the obtained ZnO-Ag NCs could be employed effectively for biological applications in food science. Therefore, the present study offers a promising way to achieve high-efficiency photocatalysis based on the hybrid structure of semiconductor/metal.
Developing regulatory property of gelatin-tannic acid multilayer films for coating-based nitric oxide gas delivery system
Authors: Park Kyungtae , Jeong Hyejoong , Tanum Junjira , Yoo Jae-chan , Hong Jinkee
Published: June 2019

To utilize potentials of nitric oxide (NO) gas in anti-bacterial, anticancer, wound healing applications, numerous studies have been conducted to develop a NO delivery system in the past few decades. Even though a coating method and film types are essential to apply in biomedical device coating from previous NO delivery systems, release control from the coating system is still challenging. In this study, we introduced a multilayered polymeric coating system to overcome the uncontrollable NO release kinetics of film systems. We used biocompatible gelatin and tannic acid to construct a rough, porous structured film based on the layer-by-layer self-assembly method. The multilayered polymeric structure facilitated the controlled amount of NO release from (Gel/TA)n film and showed burst release in early period owing to their large surface area from the rough, porous structure. We synthesized the proton-responsive NO donor, N-diazeniumdiolate (NONOates), into the (Gel/TA)n film through a chemical reaction under high pressure NO gas. NO release profile was analyzed by a real-time NO analysis machine (NOA 280i). Then, the NO-releasing (Gel/TA)n film was tested its toxicity against human dermal fibroblast cells and bactericidal effects against Staphylococcus aureus.
Association of BUD13-ZNF259-APOA5-APOA1-SIK3 cluster polymorphism in 11q23.3 and structure of APOA5 with increased plasma triglyceride levels in a Korean population
Authors: Kim Han-Kyul , Anwar Muhammad Ayaz , Choi Sangdun
Published: June 2019

In this association study on chromosome 11, the data from 12,537 Korean individuals within the Health Examinee (HEXA) and the Korea Association Resource (KARE) projects were analysed to identify genetic loci correlating with increased and decreased plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. We identified a locus in chromosomal region 11q23.3 that harbours genes BUD13, ZNF259, APOA5, APOA1, and SIK3, which may be associated with plasma TG levels. In this locus, 13 relevant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found: rs184616707, rs118175510, rs60954647, rs79408961, and rs180373 (near BUD13); rs11604424 (in ZNF259); rs2075291, rs651821, and rs7123666 (in or near APOA5); rs525028 (near APOA1), and rs645258, rs10160754, and rs142395187 (in or near SIK3). All 13 SNPs satisfied the genome-wide significance level (P < 5.0 × 10−8) in both meta-analysis and conditional analysis. Haplotype analysis of six SNPs (rs79408961, rs180373, rs2075291, rs651821, rs525028, and rs10160754) that were selected based on the β coefficient and conditional P values, revealed nine common haplotypes (with frequency 0.02–0.34) associated with both increased and reduced TG levels. Furthermore, to shed light on possible structural implications, we modelled and simulated the G185C variant of APOA5 (corresponding to rs2075291), which showed the strongest association. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that this polymorphic variant of APOA5 has a different hydrogen bond network, increased average distance between chains, and an ability to form distinct clusters. Owing to the orientation of cysteine, the possibility of disulphide bond formation with other proteins is evident. In summary, our association and modelling analyses provided evidence that genetic variations in chromosomal region 11q23.3 are associated with elevated TG levels.
New antimicrobial compounds produced by Seltsamia galinsogisoli sp. nov., isolated from Galinsoga parviflora as potential inhibitors of FtsZ
Authors: Zhang Tian-Yuan , Wu Ying-Ying , Zhang Meng-Yue , Cheng Juan , Dube Blessings , Yu Hui-Jia , Zhang Yi-Xuan
Published: June 2019

A total amount of 116 fungal strains, belonging to 30 genera, were acquired from the rhizosphere soil and plant of Galinsoga parviflora. A strain SYPF 7336, isolated from the rhizospheric soil, was identified as Seltsamia galinsogisoli sp. nov., by morphological and molecular analyses, which displayed high antibacterial activity. In order to study the secondary metabolites of Seltsamia galinsogisoli sp. nov., nine compounds were successfully seperated from the strain fermentation broth, including two new compounds and seven known compounds. Their structures were elucidated based on spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR. All the seperated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Compounds 2, 5 and 1 displayed antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 25, 32 and 75 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, morphological observation showed the coccoid cells of S. aureus to be swollen to a volume of 1.4 to 1.7-fold after treatment with compounds 1, 2 and 5, respectively. Molecular docking was carried out to investigate interactions of filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) with compounds 1, 2 and 5.
Nanoparticle ferritin-bound erastin and rapamycin: a nanodrug combining autophagy and ferroptosis for anticancer therapy
Authors: Li Yaoqi , Wang Xinyu , Yan Junjie , Liu Yu , Yang Runlin , Pan Donghui , Wang Lizhen , Xu Yuping , Li Xiaotian , Yang Min
Published: June 2019

The intracellular autophagy-mediated ferroptosis-induction process by the NFER nanodrug assembled by ferritin, erastin, and rapamycin.
Introduction to chemical warfare agents, relevant simulants and modern neutralisation methods
Authors: Picard Baptiste , Chataigner Isabelle , Maddaluno Jacques , Legros Julien
Published: June 2019

This short review presents the current main chemical warfare agents and their most relevant simulants, and the recent catalytic and selective methods for their soft neutralization, potentially usable in the future as an alternative to “heavy” methods for decontamination.
(Hetero)arylboration of alkynes: a strategy for the synthesis of α,α-bis(hetero)arylketones
Authors: Huang Yuan , Bergmann Allison M. , Brown M. Kevin
Published: June 2019

A method for (hetero)arylboration of alkynes is presented.
Rational design of a function-based selection method for genetically encoding acylated lysine derivatives
Authors: Miao Hui , Yu Chenguang , Yao Anzhi , Xuan Weimin
Published: June 2019

Genetic code expansion depends on the directed evolution of aaRS to recognize non-canonical amino acids. Herein, we reported a function-based method that enables rapidly evolving aaRS for acylated lysine derivatives.
Direct comparison of solution and solid phase synthesis of sequence-defined macromolecules
Authors: Holloway Joshua O. , Wetzel Katharina S. , Martens Steven , Du Prez Filip E. , Meier Michael A. R.
Published: June 2019

Sequence-defined macromolecules of high molecular weight are synthesised by the combination of click chemistry with multicomponent reactions. The synthesis is performed on solid phase as well as in solution to directly compare the two approaches.
Preparation and application of solid-state upconversion materials based on sodium polyacrylate
Authors: Ye Changqing , Ma Jinsuo , Han Pengju , Chen Shuoran , Ding Ping , Sun Bin , Wang Xiaomei
Published: June 2019

By loading a microemulsion containing both sensitizer and emitter into porous sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), a water-absorbent resin (WAR) upconversion (UC) material was fabricated for photocatalysis applications.
PdAu alloy nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon black as highly active catalysts for Ullmann coupling and nitrophenol hydrogenation reactions
Authors: Han Fengyan , Xia Jiawei , Zhang Xinglong , Fu Yongsheng
Published: June 2019

The PdAu/NCB catalyst with a Pd/Au mole ratio of 1/1 shows the highest activity towards both Ullmann coupling reactions of aryl halides and the hydrogenation reaction of nitrophenols.
Local delivery of FTY720 and NSCs on electrospun PLGA scaffolds improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kong Weijian , Qi Zhiping , Xia Peng , Chang Yuxin , Li Hongru , Qu Yunpeng , Pan Su , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: June 2019

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common issue in the clinic that causes severe motor and sensory dysfunction below the lesion level.
DC and AC magnetic fields increase neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with and without retinoic acid
Authors: Mahmood Alabed Enad Abed , Engel Martin , Yamauchi Yusuke , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Ooi Lezanne
Published: June 2019

AC/DC magnetic fields generated from a simple and cost effective electromagnetic system have been used for increased neurite outgrowth in SH-SY5Y cells without negatively affecting the cell viability.
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based biomaterials for bone regeneration
Authors: Dong Zhenqiang , Yuan Qijuan , Huang Keqing , Xu Wanli , Liu Guiting , Gu Zhipeng
Published: June 2019

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and its based hydrogels have been widely used in various biomedical applications.
A promising Mo-based lithium-rich phase for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yongqing , Zhou Haoshen , Ji Hongbing
Published: June 2019

A Mo-based composite material was demonstrated as a cathode for Li-ion batteries.
Exclusive occurrence of photoinduced energy transfer and switching of its direction by rectangular π-extension of nanographenes
Authors: Umeyama Tomokazu , Hanaoka Takuma , Yamada Hiroki , Namura Yuki , Mizuno Satoshi , Ohara Tomoya , Baek Jinseok , Park JaeHong , Takano Yuta , Stranius Kati , Tkachenko Nikolai V. , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: June 2019

Exclusive photoinduced energy transfer and switching of its direction by rectangular π-extension of nanographene were achieved in porphyrin–nanographene linked systems.
Substituent-controlled, mild oxidative fluorination of iodoarenes: synthesis and structural study of aryl I(iii)- and I(v)-fluorides
Authors: Häfliger Joel , Pitts Cody Ross , Bornemann Dustin , Käser Roland , Santschi Nico , Charpentier Julie , Otth Elisabeth , Trapp Nils , Verel René , Lüthi Hans Peter , Togni Antonio
Published: June 2019

This mild TCICA/KF oxidative fluorination approach provides controllable access to aryl-IF2and aryl-IF4compounds, thus allowing detailed structural studies.
Fabrication and 3D tomographic characterization of nanowire arrays and meshes with tunable dimensions from shear-aligned block copolymers
Authors: Yee Timothy D. , Watson Carla L. , Roehling John D. , Han T. Yong-Jin , Hiszpanski Anna M.
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate a scalable method to create metallic nanowire arrays and meshes over square-centimeter-areas with tunable sub-100 nm dimensions and geometries using the shear alignment of block copolymers.
Achieving high energy density and efficiency through integration: progress in hybrid zinc batteries
Authors: Shang Wenxu , Yu Wentao , Tan Peng , Chen Bin , Wu Zhen , Xu Haoran , Ni Meng
Published: June 2019

Combined with Zn–air and Zn–M batteries, hybrid Zn batteries can achieve both high energy density and efficiency.
Variations on a theme: the puzzling behaviour of Schulte 12
Authors: Nazé Yaël , Rauw Gregor , Czesla Stefan , Mahy Laurent , Campos Fran
Published: June 2019

One of the first massive stars detected in X-rays, Schulte 12 has remained a puzzle in several aspects. In particular, its extreme brightness both in the visible and X-ray ranges is intriguing. Thanks to Swift and XMM-Newton observations covering ∼5000 d, we report the discovery of a regular 108 d modulation in X-ray flux of unknown origin. The minimum in the high-energy flux appears due to a combination of increased absorption and decreased intrinsic emission. We examined in parallel the data from a dedicated spectroscopic and photometric monitoring in the visible and near-IR domains, complemented by archives. While a similar variation timescale is found in those data, they do not exhibit the strict regular clock found at high energies. Changes in line profiles cannot be related to binarity but rather correspond to non-radial pulsations. Considering the substantial revision of the distance of Schulte 12 from the second Gaia data release, the presence of such oscillations agrees well with the evolutionary status of Schulte 12, as it lies in an instability region of the HR diagram.
Quasilinear approach of the cumulative whistler instability in fast solar wind: Constraints of electron temperature anisotropy
Authors: Shaaban S. M. , Lazar M. , Yoon P. H. , Poedts S.
Published: June 2019

Context. Solar outflows are a considerable source of free energy that accumulates in multiple forms such as beaming (or drifting) components, or temperature anisotropies, or both. However, kinetic anisotropies of plasma particles do not grow indefinitely and particle-particle collisions are not efficient enough to explain the observed limits of these anisotropies. Instead, self-generated wave instabilities can efficiently act to constrain kinetic anisotropies, but the existing approaches are simplified and do not provide satisfactory explanations. Thus, small deviations from isotropy shown by the electron temperature (T) in fast solar winds are not explained yet.

Aims. This paper provides an advanced quasilinear description of the whistler instability driven by the anisotropic electrons in conditions typical for the fast solar winds. The enhanced whistler-like fluctuations may constrain the upper limits of temperature anisotropy A ≡ T⊥/T∥ >  1, where ⊥, ∥ are defined with respect to the magnetic field direction.

Methods. We studied self-generated whistler instabilities, cumulatively driven by the temperature anisotropy and the relative (counter)drift of electron populations, for example, core and halo electrons. Recent studies have shown that quasi-stable states are not bounded by linear instability thresholds but an extended quasilinear approach is necessary to describe these quasi-stable states in this case.

Results. Marginal conditions of stability are obtained from a quasilinear theory of cumulative whistler instability and approach the quasi-stable states of electron populations reported by the observations. The instability saturation is determined by the relaxation of both the temperature anisotropy and relative drift of electron populations.
Hunting for open clusters in Gaia DR2: the Galactic anticentre
Authors: Castro-Ginard A. , Jordi C. , Luri X. , Cantat-Gaudin T. , Balaguer-Núñez L.
Published: June 2019

Context. The Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) provided an unprecedented volume of precise astrometric and excellent photometric data. In terms of data mining the Gaia catalogue, machine learning methods have shown to be a powerful tool, for instance in the search for unknown stellar structures. Particularly, supervised and unsupervised learning methods combined together significantly improves the detection rate of open clusters.

Aims. We systematically scan Gaia DR2 in a region covering the Galactic anticentre and the Perseus arm (120° ≤ l ≤ 205° and −10° ≤ b ≤ 10°), with the goal of finding any open clusters that may exist in this region, and fine tuning a previously proposed methodology and successfully applied to TGAS data, adapting it to different density regions.

Methods. Our methodology uses an unsupervised, density-based, clustering algorithm, DBSCAN, that identifies overdensities in the five-dimensional astrometric parameter space (l, b, ϖ, μα*, μδ) that may correspond to physical clusters. The overdensities are separated into physical clusters (open clusters) or random statistical clusters using an artificial neural network to recognise the isochrone pattern that open clusters show in a colour magnitude diagram.

Results. The method is able to recover more than 75% of the open clusters confirmed in the search area. Moreover, we detected 53 open clusters unknown previous to Gaia DR2, which represents an increase of more than 22% with respect to the already catalogued clusters in this region.

Conclusions. We find that the census of nearby open clusters is not complete. Different machine learning methodologies for a blind search of open clusters are complementary to each other; no single method is able to detect 100% of the existing groups. Our methodology has shown to be a reliable tool for the automatic detection of open clusters, designed to be applied to the full Gaia DR2 catalogue.
Modeling of the meteoroid stream of comet C/1975 T2 and λ-Ursae Majorids
Authors: Hajduková M. , Neslušan L.
Published: June 2019

Aims. We study the meteoroid stream of the long-period comet C/1975 T2 (Suzuki-Saigusa-Mori). This comet was suggested as the parent body of the established λ-Ursae Majorid meteor shower, No. 524.

Methods. We modeled 32 parts of a theoretical meteoroid stream of the parent comet considered. Each of our models is characterized with a single value of the evolutionary time and a single value of the strength of Poynting-Robertson effect. The evolutionary time ranges from 10 000 to 80 000 yr. It is the period during which the evolution of the stream part is followed. In each model, the dynamical evolution of 10 000 test particles was then followed, via a numerical integration, from the time of the modeling up to the present. At the end of the integration, we analyzed the mean orbital characteristics of particles in the orbits that approach the Earth’s orbit, which thus enabled us to predict a shower related to the parent comet. The predicted shower was subsequently compared with its observed counterparts. We separated the latter from the databases of real meteors. As well, we attempted to identify the predicted shower to a shower recorded in the International Astronomical Union Meteor Data Center (IAU MDC) list of all showers.

Results. Almost all modeled parts of the stream of comet C/1975 T2 are identified with the corresponding real shower in three video-meteor databases. No real counterpart is found in the IAU MDC photographic or radio-meteor data. In the IAU MDC list of showers and in our current study, this shower is identified with the established λ-Ursae Majorid shower, No. 524. Hence, our modeling confirms the results of previous authors. At the same time we exclude an existence of other meteor shower associated with C/1975 T2.
Testing Compound Nucleus Hypothesis Across the 17O Nucleus Excitation
Authors: Nizigama Aloys , Tamagno Pierre , Bouland Olivier
Published: June 2019

The excited compound nucleus 17O* has been studied over (n,α) and (α,n) cross sections modelling, respectively for 16O and 13C targets in their ground states. The modelling is fulfilled within the Reich-Moore formalism. We were able to calculate the (α,n) cross section by two separate ways: the direct kinematic standard route and by inversion of the (n,α) cross section using the compound nucleus hypothesis. Resonance parameters of the resolved resonance range (0 to 6 MeV) were borrowed from the CIELO project. In a first stage, the modelling is carried out in the referential of the incident particle (either way neutron or α) requesting conversion of the CIELO neutron-type resonance parameters to the α-type. In a second stage, the implementation is uniquely designed in the center of mass system of the excited compound nucleus. The resonance parameters are thus converted in that unique reference framework. The present investigation shows the consistency of the kinetic transformation that relies on the compound nucleus hypothesis.
Total Monte Carlo acceleration for the PETALE experimental programme in the CROCUS reactor
Authors: Laureau Axel , Lamirand Vincent , Rochman Dimitri , Pautz Andreas
Published: June 2019

The Bayesian Monte Carlo technics requires individual evaluations of random cross section files based on a Total Monte Carlo propagation. This article discusses the use of a Correlated Sampling acceleration applied to TMC calculations for experiments where a brute force technics is too expensive. An e_cient estimation of the reaction rate uncertainties in small dosimeters is obtained, together with the inter-dosimeter correlation associated to the cross section uncertainties.
Measurement of the 244Cm and 246Cm neutron-induced capture cross sections at the n_TOF facility
Authors: Alcayne V. , Kimura A. , Mendoza E. , Cano-Ott D. , Martínez T. , Aberle O. , Andrzejewski J. , Audouin L. , Bécares V. , Bacak M. , Barbagallo M. , Becčvář F. , Bellia G. , Berthoumieux E. , Billowes J. , Bosnar D. , Brown A. , Busso M. , Caamaño M. , Caballero-Ontanaya L. , Calviño F. , Calviani M. , Casanovas A. , Cerutti F. , Chen Y. H. , Chiaveri E. , Colonna N. , Cortés G. , Cortés-Giraldo M. A. , Cosentino L. , Cristallo S. , Damone L. A. , Diakaki M. , Dietz M. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Dressler R. , Dupont E. , Durán I. , Eleme Z. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , Ferrari A. , Finocchiaro P. , Furman V. , Göbel K. , Gawlik A. , Gilardoni S. , Glodariu T. , Gonçalves I. F. , González-Romero E. , Guerrero C. , Gunsing F. , Harada H. , Heinitz S. , Heyse J. , Jenkins D. G. , Käppeler F. , Kadi Y. , Katabuchi T. , Kivel N. , Knapova I. , Kokkoris M. , Kopatch Y. , Krtička M. , Kurtulgil D. , Ladarescu I. , Lederer-Woods C. , Lerendegui-Marco J. , Meo S. Lo , Lonsdale S. J. , Macina D. , Manna A. , Masi A. , Massimi C. , Mastinu P. , Mastromarco M. , Matteucci F. , Maugeri E. A. , Mazzone A. , Mengoni A. , Michalopoulou V. , Milazzo P. M. , Mingrone F. , Musumarra A. , Negret A. , Nolte R. , Ogállar F. , Oprea A. , Patronis N. , Pavlik A. , Perkowski J. , Persanti L. , Porras I. , Praena J. , Quesada J. M. , Radeck D. , Ramos-Doval D. , Rauscher T. , Reifarth R. , Rochman D. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Saxena A. , Schillebeeckx P. , Schumann D. , Simone S. , Smith A. G. , Sosnin N. V. , Stamatopoulos A. , Tagliente G. , Tain J. L. , Talip T. , Tarifeño-Saldivia A. , Tassan-Got L. , Tsinganis A. , Ulrich J. , Urlass S. , Valenta S. , Vannini G. , Variale V. , Vaz P. , Ventura A. , Vescovi D. , Vlachoudis V. , Vlastou R. , Wallner A. , Woods P. J. , Wright T. , Žugec P.
Published: June 2019

The neutron capture reactions of the 244Cm and 246Cm isotopes open the path for the formation of heavier Cm isotopes and heavier elements such as Bk and Cf in a nuclear reactor. In addition, both isotopes belong to the minor actinides with a large contribution to the decay heat and to the neutron emission in irradiated fuels. There are only two previous 244Cm and 246Cm capture cross section measurements: one in 1969 using a nuclear explosion [1] and the most recent data measured at J-PARC in 2010 [2]. The data for both isotopes are very scarce due to the difficulties in performing the measurements: high intrinsic activity of the samples and limited facilities capable of providing isotopically enriched samples.

We have measured both neutron capture cross sections at the n_TOF Experimental Area 2 (EAR-2) with three C6 D6 detectors and also at Area 1 (EAR-1) with the TAC. Preliminary results assessing the quality and limitations (back-ground subtraction, measurement technique and counting statistics) of this new experimental datasets are presented and discussed.
Status of fission fragment observables measured with the LOHENGRIN spectrometer
Authors: Julien-Laferrière S. , Thombansen L. , Kessedjian G. , Chebboubi A. , Serot O. , Sage C. , Méplan O. , Ramdhane M. , Litaize O. , Bernard D. , Nicholson J. , Blanc A. , Faust H. , Mutti P. , Köster U. , Letourneau A. , Materna T. , Rapala M.
Published: June 2019

Nuclear fission yields are key parameters to evaluate reactor physics observables, such as fuel inventory, decay heat, spent fuel radiotoxicity, criticality but also for understanding the fission process. Despite a significant effort allocated to measure fission yields during the last decades, the recent evaluated libraries still need improvements in particular in the description of the uncertainties with the associated correlations. Additional kinds of measurements provide complementary information in order to test the models used in the nuclear data evaluation. Moreover, some discrepancies between these libraries must be explained. A common effort by the CEA, the LPSC and the ILL aims at tackling these issues by providing precise measurement of isotopic and isobaric fission yields with the related variance-covariance matrices. Nevertheless, the experimental program represents itself a large range of observables requested by the evaluations: isotopic yields, nuclear charge polarization, odd-even effect, isomeric ratio and their dependency with fission fragment kinetic energy as a probe of the nuclear de-excitation path in the (E*, Jπ) representation. Measurements for thermal neutron induced fission of 241Pu have been carried out at the Institut Laue Langevin using the LOHENGRIN mass spectrometer. Experimental program, observables reachable, results and comparison to model calculations are shown.
Detailed validation of two deterministic models of prompt emission. Systematic behaviours of residual quantities from the sequential emission
Authors: Tudora Anabella
Published: June 2019

The results of the PbP and sequential emission modellings describe very well the recent experimental data of 235U(n,f). The application of the sequential emission treatment to 49 fission cases has emphasized systematic behaviours of different quantities characterizing the fragments and the prompt emission. These allowed the determination of a general form of the residual temperature distribution for each emission sequence and the inclusion of sequential emission into the Los Alamos model.
Nuclear data analyses for improving the safety of advanced lead-cooled reactors
Authors: Romojaro Pablo , Álvarez-Velarde Francisco , García-Herranz Nuria
Published: June 2019

A target accuracy assessment of the effective neutron multiplication factor, keff, for MYRRHA (Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications) lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor has been performed with JEFF-3.3 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 state-of-the-art nuclear data libraries and the SUMMON system. Uncertainties in keff due to uncertainties in nuclear data have been assessed against the target accuracies provided by SG-26 of the WPEC of OECD/NEA in 2008 for LFR. Results show that keff target accuracy is still exceeded by more than a factor of two using the latest nuclear data evaluations released in 2018. Consequently, nuclear data assimilation has been carried out using criticality experiments from the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project that are representative of MYRRHA. The results from this work show that the level of accuracy needed in nuclear data cannot be obtained using only differential experiments, but the combination of experimental covariance data and integral experiments together with Generalised Least Squares technique can provide adjusted nuclear data capable of predicting reactor properties with lower uncertainty and consistent with differential data.
JEFF-3.3 covariance application to ICSBEP using SANDY and NDAST
Authors: Fiorito Luca , Dyrda James , Fleming Michael
Published: June 2019

Providing reliable estimates of the nuclear data contribution to the uncertainty of well-known integral benchmarks is fundamental to the validation and verification process for a nuclear data library. The Nuclear Energy Agency has produced and maintains the NDaST sensitivity tool, which integrates the DICE sensitivities and nuclear data covariances. This system has been used to rigorously and efficiently provide direct feedback to evaluators and streamline validation. For its future evolution and to identify high-priority development areas, NDaST is continuously compared against state-of-the-art codes that use different uncertainty propagation methodologies.

In this work, NDaST was compared to the nuclear data sampling code SANDY for several ICSBEP criticality benchmarks using the JEFF-3.3 evaluated data. Despite excellent overall agreement for cross sections and fission neutron multiplcities, discrepancies due to processed covariance descriptions for angular distributions and prompt fission neutron spectra have identified areas where coordinated development of nuclear data covariance descriptions should be prioritised.
Integral data assimilation of the MERCI-1 experiment for the nuclear data associated with the PWR decay heat computation
Authors: Huyghe J. , De Saint-Jean C. , Lecarpentier D. , Reynard-Carette C. , Vaglio-Gaudard C. , Vallet V.
Published: June 2019

Nuclear decay heat is a crucial issue for PWR in-core safety after reactor shutdown and back-end cycle. It is a dimensioning parameter for safety injection systems (SIS) to avoid a dewatering of the reactor core. The decay heat uncertainty needs to be controlled over the largest range of applications. The assimilation of the MERCI-1 experiment was studied to provide feedbacks on nuclear data. This experiment consisted in the measurement of the decay heat of a PWR UOX fuel sample irradiated in the OSIRIS reactor, for cooling times between 45 minutes and 42 days. More specifically, the consideration of several experimental values of MERCI-1 at different cooling times was tested. This raised issues about correlations to consider between different measurements. Besides, the impact of considering correlations between independent fission yields in covariance matrices on the decay heat uncertainty calculation and on the feedbacks on nuclear data is discussed.