bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valoración del Paisaje como Estrategia para el Desarrollo de Actividades de Ecoturismo en el Municipio de La Unión, Nariño (Colombia)
Authors: Bermúdez Oscar Buitrago , Rojas Anderson Guillermo , Aguirre Marco Antonio
Published: April 2022

El artículo aplica una metodología mixta para identificar Unidades de Paisaje (UP) —en las cuales se propone desarrollar actividades ecoturísticas— a partir de la valoración perceptual de agentes sociales claves del municipio de La Unión Nariño, Colombia. Este trabajo se realiza bajo un contexto político y cultural en que los espacios rurales están empezando a adoptar prácticas ecoturísticas como actividad económica basada en principios de conservación y protección de la naturaleza. La metodología consta de tres fases: 1) determinación de las UP; 2) valoración cualitativa de la capacidad de acogida en las UP para el desarrollo del Ecoturismo; y 3) identificación de grados de articulación entre instrumentos de planificación oficial con la promoción de actividades turísticas en La Unión. Los resultados evidencian que la UP1 reúne los criterios de acogida para el desarrollo del ecoturismo al tiempo que se observa cómo los instrumentos de planificación y desarrollo del Estado no conciben estrategias frente a dicha actividad.
Avaliação de Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Municipal no Oeste Paranaense
Authors: Girardi Lilian Faxina , Schenatto Kelyn , Walker Maristela Rosso
Published: April 2022

Indicadores de sustentabilidade são instrumentos que permitem a análise e verificação do desenvolvimento sustentável de forma multidimensional. O Indicador de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Municipal (IDMS) possibilita avaliar de forma sistêmica as dimensões socioculturais, ambientais, econômicas e político-institucionais de uma região. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrência de associações entre performance de IDMS e recebimento de royalties da Itaipu Binacional nas regiões geográficas imediatas de Toledo, Marechal Candido Rondon e Foz do Iguaçu. A metodologia adotada foi a de caráter documental e quali-quantitativa. Como resultado, possibilitou a identificação de áreas com maior sensibilidade e carência de políticas públicas. O IDMS mostrou que as regiões intermediárias imediatas a Foz do Iguaçu, Toledo e Marechal Cândido Rondon apresentam índice de desenvolvimento sustentável em alerta, com dimensões e subdimensões em níveis críticos. Os melhores resultados encontrados foram na subdimensão sociocultural.
Mechanical Drying of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss. seeds: a Tool to Keep Quality of this Eco-Friendly Bio-Insecticide
Authors: Paula Joelma Abadia Marciano de , Castiglioni Gabriel Luis , Brito Lucas Ferreira , Silva Aline Mar Rodrigues da , Bezerra Debborah Gonçalves , Conceição Edemilson Cardoso da
Published: April 2022

Products based on Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) seeds are worldwide renowned as eco-friendly bio-insecticides. However, the improper processing of the seed may cause significant losses in product effectiveness, as the contents of azadirachtin – its main component – may be affected. This paper aims to assess the degradation level of azadirachtin found in A. indica seeds during the kiln drying process under different temperature and airflow conditions. In order to do so, samples of A. indica fresh seeds were crushed and subjected to 11 drying assays in temperatures ranging from 55 °C to 65 °C and airflows of 0.015 – 0.023 m3.kg-1.s-1, according to the central composite rotatable design 22, with triplicate on the central point. The contents of azadirachtin in both dried and fresh samples were defined through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Temperatures and airflows had no significant effects on the contents of azadirachtin.
Perfil de Propriedades Rurais Produtoras de Leite do Vale do Taquari/RS
Authors: Rempel Claudete , Bergmann Patrícia Caye , Silva Gustavo Rodrigo da , Maciel Mônica Jachetti , Sanfelice Pablo Luis , Conrad Matheus Alexandre
Published: April 2022

O Vale do Taquari é o segundo maior produtor de leite do Rio Grande do Sul e com isso, o objetivo deste estudo é apresentar o perfil de propriedades produtoras de leite no vale. Foi aplicado um questionário a 60 produtores da região, esse versando sobre escolaridade, qualidade de vida do gado e monitoramento do produto obtido. Quanto a alimentação animal, os principais itens utilizados são: pastagem (73,3%), silagem (66,7%) e ração (61,7%). A respeito da água, em 91,7% das propriedades os animais possuem água em abundância e quanto as doenças, maior parte relatou que não são frequentes. Quanto à qualidade do leite, 10% dos produtores realizam análises, e em relação a ordenha, armazenamento e coleta do leite, 100% relatou que utiliza ordenhadeira, resfriadores e mangueira. Concluiu-se que são pequenos produtores e que possuem outras atividades, muitas vinculadas aos insumos necessários para produção e também para a subsistência da família.
Synthesis, Characterization, DPPH, Ferric Reducing, and Ferrous Ion-
Chelating Activities of Isophthalate Schiff Bases
Authors: Khan Momin , Raheel Muhammad , Shah Sana , Ibrahim Mohammad , Asif Muhammad , Salar Uzma , Khan Khalid Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Aims:

The synthesis of bioactive compounds has antioxidant potential.

Background:

All aerobic bodies including human beings, have antioxidant defense systems that protect
them from oxidative damage, and many enzymes to remove or heal damaged molecules. However, this
normal antioxidant mechanism can be incompetent, and hence dietary intakes of antioxidant compounds
are important.

Objective:

Synthesis of isophthalate Schiff base derivatives 1-14 and screened for their antioxidant activities (DPPH, ferrous ion Fe2+ chelating and ferric Fe3+ reducing activities)

Method:

This study aimed to synthesize isophthalate Schiff base derivatives 1-14 and screen them for
their antioxidant activities (DPPH, ferrous ion Fe2+ chelating, and ferric Fe3+ reducing activities).

Result:

Compounds were screened for their antioxidant activities (DPPH, ferrous ion Fe2+ chelating, and
ferric Fe3+ reducing activities). Most of the compounds showed significant antioxidant activities. A structure-
activity relationship has also been discussed.

Conclusion:

Most of the synthetic isophthalate Schiff bases were found to be moderately active when
screened for their antioxidant activities by three assays such as DPPH radical scavenging, ferrous ionchelating,
and ferric reducing activities. These moderately active compounds can serve as lead molecules
to further modify the structure and identify more powerful antioxidant agents.
Formulation and Optimization of Trandolapril Oro-dispersible Tablets
using the Quality by Design (QbD) Approach
Authors: Kumar Ganesh , Bhatt Meenakshi
Published: April 2022

Introduction::

This study aims to use a Quality by Design (QbD) approach to formulate and
optimize Trandolapriloro-dispersible tablets. The central composite design tool was utilized to assess the
scientific understanding of independent input variables and output responses to construct a design space
for regulatory flexibility. Oro-dispersible Tablets (ODT) can also be used to deliver drugs directly to the
oral mucosa, bypassing first-pass hepatic metabolism and potentially accelerating the process.

Methodology::

The concentrations of super disintegrant and dry compressible binder were selected as
independent variables. Disintegration time in seconds and % friability was selected as dependent variables.
Polynomial equations were used to predict the quantitative effect of independent variables at various
levels on response variables.

Results and Discussion:

The pre-compression parameters suggested that the flow characteristics were
quite excellent. All tablets prepared in the above experiments were evaluated for pharmaco-technical
properties and found to be within the required limits using the direct compression method. The angle of
repose of the dry blends from each formulation batch (F1 to F9) ranged from 29.03° to 33.67°. All formulation
batches had a loose bulk density of 0.31 + 0.07 to 0.37 + 0.91 g/cm3 and a tapped density of 0.41+
0.02 to 0.46+ 0.16 g/cm3, respectively. The compressibility index was determined to be between 1.65 +
0.17 to 19.93 + 0.47 . Hausner's ratio was between 1.14 + 0.88 to 1.19 + 0.32. The thickness of the tablets
ranged from 2.07 + 0.54 to 2.52 + 0.12 mm. The tablets were found to have a hardness of 3.08 + 0.14 to
3.67 + 0.41 kg/cm2. The weight of the tablets prepared ranged from 50 + 0.09 to 52 + 0.56 mg on average.
Tablet friability was 0.52 + 0.54 to 0.83 + 0.10 %, and the disintegration time ranged between 27 and 58
seconds. All of these parameters were found under the acceptable limit of pharmacopoeias. The increase
of Crospovidone concentration decreased the disintegration time and increased % friability. Whereas
increasing the concentration of microcrystalline cellulose increased the disintegration time and decreased
the % friability. Contour plots clarified the link between independent and dependent variables. The most
cost-effective batch was chosen based on these plots within the desired range because the actual and projected
values suggested by the full model were very close to each other; the statistical model is mathematically
valid.

Conclusion::

The results showed that the proposed design for developing trandolapriloro-dispersible tablets
with optimal properties was effective.
Conjugation of Mycophenolic Acid with Dextran: A Potential Strategy for
Colon-Targeted Delivery for Mitigation of Inflamed Colon in Ulcerative
Colitis
Authors: Dhaneshwar Suneela , Chopade Shakuntala
Published: April 2022

Background::

Adverse effects induced by upper GIT release of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and
its prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) have created a great deal of concern in the treatment of inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD).

Objective::

The goal of this work was to create a polymer-based prodrug (MDS) by attaching MPA to
dextran to enable colon-targeted drug delivery and, as a result, minimize the adverse effects of MPA and
MMF.

Methods::

MPA was conjugated with dextran via a bio-cleavable ester bond utilizing the EDCI coupling
process. MDS was characterized by spectral analysis. The degree of substitution was estimated by complete
hydrolysis of the conjugate in phosphate buffer (pH= 9.0). The prodrug was screened for gastrosparing
potential using TNBS-induced colitis model in Wistar rats.

Results::

Physicochemical parameters, such as degree of substitution (9.32 mg MPA/100mg of MDS),
DSC study (Melting point: 194.3°C), and molecular weight (70307 Da) were determined. The significant
mitigating effect of MDS on quantifying parameters of TNBS-induced colitis, i.e., disease activity score
rate (0.72±0.35), colon to body weight ratio (0.024±0.003), MPO activity (36.9±0.67mU/100mg of tissue),
ulcerogenic potential (2.85±0.08), and histopathological data showed that prodrug restored distorted
colonic architecture to normal.

Conclusion::

Hydrophilicity was improved, allowing for more effective transport of MPA to the colon. In
TNBS-induced colitis, the prodrug was found 1.5 times more efficient than MPA at lowering quantifiable
markers of colonic inflammation. Histopathology data showed that MDS might be developed as a potential
approach for directing MPA to the colon for the treatment of IBD.
The Interaction Network of MicroRNAs with Cytokines and Signaling
Pathways in Allergic Asthma
Authors: Farmanzadeh Ali , Qujeq Durdi , Yousefi Tooba
Published: April 2022

Allergic asthma is a complicated disease that is affected by many factors. Numerous cytokines
and signaling pathways are attributed to the cause of asthma symptoms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a
group of small non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules that are involved in gene silencing and posttranscriptional
regulation of gene expression by targeting mRNAs. In pathological conditions, altered
expression of microRNAs differentially regulates cytokines and signaling pathways and therefore, can be
the underlying reason for the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Indeed, microRNAs participate in airway
inflammation via inducing airway structural cells and activating immune responses by targeting
cytokines and signaling pathways. Thus, to make a complete understanding of allergic asthma,
it is necessary to investigate the communication network of microRNAs with cytokines and signaling
pathways which is contributed to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Here, we shed light on this aspect
of asthma pathology by Summarizing our current knowledge of this topic.
Nonlinear Harmonic Electric Energy Metering System Based on the Wavelet
Transform
Authors: Sharma Amit , Li Chong , Shen Hongtao , Wang Hao , Wang Yi , Li Bing , Li Chuan , Guo Rongkun
Published: April 2022

Background:

To solve the problem of accurate measurement of nonlinear harmonic electric energy, a method for improving harmonic electric energy measurement based on the discrete
wavelet packet decomposition and reconstruction algorithm was proposed.

Objectives:

A reactive energy measurement method combined with Hilbert transformation was designed, and the frequency characteristics of wavelet function were discussed. An excessively high
sampling rate could reduce the accuracy of harmonic power measurement. By setting the discrete
wavelet packet transformation decomposition, the stepping of the wavelet form resulting from the
excessively large wavelet packet decomposition scale was eliminated using the moncoband reconstruction algorithm.

Methods:

Experimental results showed that the detection error obtained by numerical simulation
using the wavelet transform algorithm was close to the standard instrument, with the maximum reference error of 0.013%-0.030%.

Results and Conclusion:

The feasibility and measurement accuracy of the nonlinear harmonic electric energy metering system were verified, providing an effective method for accurately detecting
the harmonic, interharmonic, and time-varying harmonic components of the electric power system.
OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEM ÇOCUKLARINDA ÖZ DÜZENLEME BECERİLERİ İLE PROSOSYAL DAVRANIŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Yurdakul Yeşim , İlhan Ildız Gökçen , Bütün Ayhan Aynur
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmada, okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının öz düzenleme becerileri ile prososyal davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modelinde yürütülmüş, çalışma grubunu Tekirdağ İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı okul okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden 4-6 yaş arası 326 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada çocukların sosyo demografik bilgilerini belirlemek amacıyla ‘‘Kişisel Bilgi Formu’’, öz düzenleme becerilerini değerlendirmek için ‘‘4-6 Yaş Çocuklarına Yönelik Öz Düzenleme Becerileri Ölçeği’’ ve prososyal davranışlarını incelemek amacıyla ‘‘Çocuk Prososyallik Ölçeği’’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda çocukların öz düzenleme becerilerinin prososyal davranışları ile pozitif yönde anlamlı olarak ilişkili olduğu, çocuklarının öz düzenleme becerileri arttıkça prososyal davranışlarının da arttığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda eğitimcilere, ebeveynlere, araştırmacılara öneriler sunulmuştur.
Changes in Speech Recognition Scores and Sound Quality According to Gain Adjustment in High Frequency Bands
Authors: Jo Hyeryeong , Lee Mikyung , Kim Jihun , Choi Eunchul , Lee Hyungoo , Lee Kyoungwon
Published: April 2022

Purpose: In this study, changes before and after adjustment in high frequency bands were assessed for aided threshold, psychoacoustic evaluation, word recognition scores (WRSs) in noise and sound quality to aid in electroacoustic adjustment, and to improve the satisfaction of hearing aids.Methods: The subjects were 16 sensorineural hearing impaired (25 ears) with 63.4 years old of mean age, 60.8% WRS and 46.6 months of aided experience. For the experiment, hearing aid gain of high-frequency bands adjusted to preferred gain was increased to a higher level. Aided threshold, Korean version of international outcome inventory for hearing aids (K-IOI-HA), Korean version of profile of hearing aid benefit-quick version (K-PHAB-Q), WRSs in noise for 10 dB and 5 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sound quality were subsequently evaluated after two weeks and the results were quantitatively compared before and after gain adjustment in high-frequency bands.Results: This study results in as follows; first, improvement in aided threshold for frequencies above 2.0 kHz was shown. Second, K-IOI-HA and K-PHAB-Q in easy communication and localization categories resulted in significant enhancements. Third, WRS in 5 dB and 10 dB SNR was improved. Fourth, improvements were shown for occlusion and clarity of the sentence in the evaluation of sound quality, but significant results were not shown for sharpness and loudness of noise conditions.Conclusion: With sensorineural hearing loss, a sufficient gain in high frequency bands provides improved satisfaction to hearing aids and enhanced word recognition ability in various listening environments.
A Study on Social Support of the Elderly with Normal Hearing and Elderly Wearing Hearing Aids
Authors: Kim Do-Yun , Bahng Junghwa
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This study investigates the social support in both elderly who wear hearing aids and elderly who do not report any hearing loss.Methods: The study subjects were 48 seniors age 65 or older who wore hearing aids and 48 seniors who did not wear hearing aids. A Lubben social network scales survey was conducted. The Korean Version of International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids, Puretone Audiometry, and Word Recognition Score tests were carried out on the elderly who were wearing hearing aids.Results: A statistical analysis represented that the total social support scores were not significantly different between the two groups. Of all the social support factors, social network was statistically significant between the groups (p < 0.05), but social support was not statistically significant. The correlation between social support and the degree of hearing loss was not statistically significant. Further, there were no significant relationships found for the social support of older adults’ wearing hearing aids and satisfaction with hearing overall, and the level of social support.Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that users hearing aid users have a smaller social network than those who do not wear hearing aids. However, this result can be interpreted as an independent factor regarding satisfaction with hearing aid use and the degree of hearing. As a follow-up study, it will be necessary to proceed to study the diversity of the background factors for those elderly who do have hearing loss.
Исследование кристаллической структуры, оптических и электрофизических свойств нового полупроводникового материала Cu-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-CrSnS-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- для тонкопленочных солнечных элементов
Authors: Гапанович М.В. , Один И.Н. , Левин И.М. , Ракитин В.В. , Седловец Д.М. , Шилов Г.В. , Корчагин Д.В.
Published: April 2022

The Cu2CrSnS4 microcrystalline powders and films with orthorhombic structure were obtained by solid-phase synthesis, and their Raman spectra were recorded for the first time. By optical spectroscopy, it was found that their Eg = 1.70 eV, while in energy band gap of the powders there is a donor level with E = 1.23 eV. It is shown for the first time that films of this material are photosensitive and have p-type of dark conductivity.
Irradiation of Cu(In, Ga)Se-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- Thin Films by 10 MeV Electrons at 77 K: Effect on Photoluminescence Spectra
Authors: Sulimov M.A. , Sarychev M.N. , Mogilnikov I.A. , Ivanov V.Yu. , Volkov V.A. , Zhivulko V.D. , Mudryi A.V. , Yakushev M.V.
Published: April 2022

Thin films of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 on Mo/glass were irradiated by 10 MeV electrons at 77 K and examined by photoluminescence at 77 K before and after irradiation without warming the samples as well as after warming to 300 K. The photoluminescence spectra revealed a broad band constituting 3 merged peaks (P1, P2, P3) assigned to: band-to-band recombination (P1) and recombination of free electrons with holes localised at acceptors influenced by the valence band tail (P2, P3). Irradiation reduced the intensity of the peaks due to deep traps generated by electrons and anomalously reduced the degree of compensation of the material. Keywords: thin films, irradiation, photoluminescence, recombination, band-to-band.
Структура и магнитные свойства аморфных и нанокристаллических сплавов Co-Fe-B-(Nb, Ti)
Authors: Чиркова В.В. , Волков Н.А. , Шолин И.А. , Абросимова Г.Е. , Аронин А.С.
Published: April 2022

The structure and magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline Co56Fe16B20X8 (X = Nb, Ti) alloys have been studied by X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometry. It is shown that the saturation magnetization of the amorphous Co56Fe16B20Ti8 alloy is higher than that of the Co56Fe16B20Nb8 alloy. The temperature dependence of the saturation magnetization of amorphous alloys is measured and it is shown that the saturation magnetization of the Co56Fe16B20Ti8 alloy decreases with temperature more slowly than the magnetization of the Co56Fe16B20Nb8 alloy. Crystallization of amorphous alloys leads to a decrease in the saturation magnetization of both alloys. During crystallization, BCC nanocrystals are formed in the Co56Fe16B20Nb8 alloy and multiphase structure is formed in the Co56Fe16B20Ti8 alloy.
Электронная структура дефектов вакансионного типа в гексагональном нитриде бора
Authors: Перевалов Т.В. , Гриценко В.А. , Бухтияров А.В. , Просвирин И.П.
Published: April 2022

The electronic structure of vacancy-type defects in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, promising for microelectronics, is studied. The research is carried out using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a simulation within the density functional theory. It is shown that the h-BN bombardment with argon ions leads not only to the near-surface layer cleaning from organic pollutants, but also to the generation of a high intrinsic defects concentration, mainly boron-nitrogen divacances. The greater the boron-nitrogen divacances concentration is, the longer the bombardment time is. The boron-nitrogen divacansion in h-BN is a significantly more energetically favorable defect than that of isolated boron and nitrogen vacancies. It is concluded that the most probable diamagnetic vacancy-type defects capable of participating in localization and, as a consequence, in charge transport in h-BN films is the boron-nitrogen divacancy.
Фазовый переход металл--диэлектрик в тонких пленках диоксида ванадия, легированного индием
Authors: Андреев В.Н. , Климов В.А.
Published: April 2022

Исследована электропроводность тонких поликристаллических пленок V(1-x)InxO2 в широком интервале температур, охватывающем области существования как металлической, так и диэлектрической фазы. Показано, что с ростом концентрации индия температура фазового перехода металл--диэлектрик понижается, а ширина температурной области сосуществования фаз монотонно увеличивается. Для объяснения температурной зависимости электропроводности диэлектрической фазы V(1-x)InxO2 применена модель прыжковой проводимости, учитывающая влияние тепловых колебаний атомов на резонансный интеграл. Вычислены значения параметра ε в зависимости от степени легирования VO2. Ключевые слова: фазовый переход; оксиды ванадия; тонкие пленки; полярон; электропроводность.
Синтез, кристаллическая структура и термодинамические свойства апатита Pb-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-Bi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-(GeO_4)-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Денисова Л.Т. , Молокеев М.С. , Голубева Е.О. , Белоусова Н.В. , Денисов В.М.
Published: April 2022

Твердофазным методом из исходных оксидов PbO, Bi2O3 и GeO2 последовательным обжигом на воздухе при температурах 773-1003 K получен апатит Pb3Bi2(GeO_4)3. Методом рентгеновской дифракции уточнена его кристаллическая структура. Методом дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии измерена высокотемпературная теплоемкость (350-1000 K) этого соединения. На основании этих данных рассчитаны основные термодинамические функции. Ключевые слова: апатит германат висмут-свинца, твердофазный синтез, высокотемпературная теплоемкость, термодинамические свойства.
Developing a Smart Home Technology Innovation for People With Physical and Mental Health Problems: Considerations and Recommendations
Authors: Forchuk Cheryl , Serrato Jonathan , Lizotte Daniel , Mann Rupinder , Taylor Gavin , Husni Sara
Published: April 2022

Smart home technologies present an unprecedented opportunity to improve health and health care by providing greater communication and connectivity with services and care providers and by supporting the daily activities of people managing both mental and physical health problems. Based on our experience from conducting smart technology health studies, including a smart home intervention, we provide guidance on developing and implementing such interventions. First, we describe the need for an overarching principle of security and privacy that must be attended to in all aspects of such a project. We then describe 4 key steps in developing a successful smart home innovation for people with mental and physical health conditions. These include (1) setting up the digital infrastructure, (2) ensuring the components of the system communicate, (3) ensuring that the system is designed for the intended population, and (4) engaging stakeholders. Recommendations on how to approach each of these steps are provided along with suggested literature that addresses additional considerations, guidelines, and equipment selection in more depth.
Viewing Mobile Health Technology Design Through the Lens of Amplification Theory
Authors: Merid Beza , Robles Maria Cielito , Nallamothu Brahmajee K , Newman Mark W , Skolarus Lesli E
Published: April 2022

Digital health interventions designed to promote health equity can be valuable tools in the delivery of health care to hardly served patient populations. But if the design of these technologies and the interventions in which they are deployed do not address the myriad structural barriers to care that minoritized patients, patients in rural areas, and patients who have trouble paying for care often face, their impact may be limited. Drawing on our mobile health (mHealth) research in the arena of cardiovascular care and blood pressure management, this viewpoint argues that health care providers and researchers should tend to structural barriers to care as a part of their digital health intervention design. Our 3-step predesign framework, informed by the Amplification Theory of Technology, offers a model that interventionists can follow to address these concerns.
The Acceptability of an Electronically Delivered Acceptance- and Mindfulness-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Survivors of Breast Cancer: One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
Authors: Robertson Michael C , Cox-Martin Emily , Shegog Ross , Markham Christine M , Fujimoto Kayo , Durand Casey P , Brewster Abenaa , Lyons Elizabeth J , Liao Yue , Flores Sara A , Basen-Engquist Karen M
Published: April 2022

Background

Survivors of breast cancer can face internal barriers to physical activity, such as uncertainty and frustration stemming from physical limitations, decreased physical functioning, fatigue, and pain. Interventions that draw from the principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may help survivors of breast cancer overcome some of the internal barriers associated with physical activity.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the acceptability of an electronically delivered physical activity intervention for survivors of breast cancer, centered on ACT processes.

Methods

This study used a 1-group pretest-posttest design. We recruited 80 insufficiently active female survivors of breast cancer using a web-based recruitment strategy. The 8-week intervention consisted of weekly modules that featured didactic lessons and experiential exercises targeting key ACT processes in the context of physical activity promotion (namely, values, committed action, acceptance, defusion, and contacting the present moment). We determined intervention acceptability according to study retention (≥70%), adherence rates (≥75% of the participants completing ≥50% of the modules), and posttest survey scores reflecting the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and interest and enjoyment of the intervention (≥5 on a 7-point Likert-type scale). We also evaluated changes in self-reported aerobic and muscle strengthening–physical activity, physical activity acceptance, physical activity regulation, and health-related outcomes.

Results

The retention rate (61/80, 76%), adherence rate (60/80, 75%), average perceived ease of use (6.17, SD 1.17), perceived usefulness (5.59, SD 1.40), and interest and enjoyment scores (5.43, SD 1.40) met the acceptability criteria. Participants increased their self-reported aerobic physical activity (Cohen d=1.04), muscle strengthening–physical activity (Cohen d=1.02), physical activity acceptance (cognitive acceptance: Cohen d=0.35; behavioral commitment: Cohen d=0.51), physical activity regulation (identified regulation: Cohen d=0.37; integrated regulation: Cohen d=0.66), increased their ability to participate in social roles and activities (Cohen d=0.18), and reported less fatigue (Cohen d=0.33) and sleep disturbance (Cohen d=0.53).

Conclusions

Electronically delivered acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions may be useful for promoting physical activity in survivors of breast cancer. Further research is needed to refine these approaches and evaluate their effectiveness.
Changes in Parental Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination and Routine Childhood Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Repeated Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xiu Shixin , Yang Liuqing , Han Ying , Cui Tingting , Shi Naiyang , Liu Minqi , Yi Youqin , Liu Chang , Wang Xuwen , Yang Guoping , Ji Lili , Zhou Weijie , Jin Hui , Zhen Shiqi , Lin Leesa
Published: April 2022

Background

It was reported that one in four parents were hesitant about vaccinating their children in China. Previous studies have revealed a declining trend in the vaccine willingness rate in China. There is a need to monitor the level of parental vaccine hesitancy toward routine childhood vaccination and hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

This study aims to assess changes in trends of parental attitudes toward routine childhood vaccines and COVID-19 vaccinations across different time periods in China.

Methods

Three waves of cross-sectional surveys were conducted on parents residing in Wuxi City in Jiangsu Province, China from September to October 2020, February to March 2021, and May to June 2021. Participants were recruited from immunization clinics. Chi-square tests were used to compare the results of the three surveys, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors related to parental vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine willingness.

Results

Overall, 2881, 1038, and 1183 participants were included in the survey’s three waves. Using the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, 7.8% (225/2881), 15.1% (157/1038), and 5.5% (65/1183) of parents showed hesitancy to childhood vaccination (P<.001), and 59.3% (1709/2881), 64.6% (671/1038), and 92% (1088/1183) of parents agreed to receive a COVID-19 vaccine themselves in the first, second, and third surveys, respectively (P<.001). In all three surveys, “concerns about vaccine safety and side effects” was the most common reason for refusal.

Conclusions

There has been an increasing acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in Wuxi City, China. Effective interventions are needed to mitigate public concerns about vaccine safety.
Use of a Semiautomatic Text Message System to Improve Satisfaction With Wait Time in the Adult Emergency Department: Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Ehrler Frederic , Rochat Jessica , Siebert Johan N , Guessous Idris , Lovis Christian , Spechbach Hervé
Published: April 2022

Background

Many factors influence patient satisfaction during an emergency department (ED) visit, but the perception of wait time plays a central role. A long wait time in the waiting room increases the risk of hospital-acquired infection, as well as the risk of a patient leaving before being seen by a physician, particularly those with a lower level of urgency who may have to wait for a longer time.

Objective

We aimed to improve the perception of wait time through the implementation of a semiautomatic SMS text message system that allows patients to wait outside the hospital and facilitates the recall of patients closer to the scheduled time of meeting with the physician.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional survey to evaluate the system using a tailored questionnaire to assess the patient perspective and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology questionnaire for the caregiver perspective. We also monitored the frequency of system use with logs.

Results

A total of 110 usable responses were collected (100 patients and 10 caregivers). Findings revealed that 97 of 100 (97%) patients were satisfied, with most patients waiting outside the ED but inside the hospital. The caregiver evaluation showed that it was very easy to use, but the adoption of the system was more problematic because of the perceived additional workload associated with its use.

Conclusions

Although not suitable for all patients, our system allows those who have a low-severity condition to wait outside the waiting room and to be recalled according to the dedicated time defined in the Swiss Emergency Triage Scale. It not only has the potential to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infection but also can enhance the patient experience; additionally, it was perceived as a real improvement. Further automation of the system needs to be explored to reduce caregiver workload and increase its use.
Korea's Response to COVID-19 According to Set Time Frames, With a Focus on the Network Between the Government and Responding Agencies: Social Network Analysis
Authors: Cho Jungyun , Kang Wook , Lee Julak
Published: April 2022

Background

In December 2019, COVID-19 was first confirmed in Wuhan, China, and as the respiratory disease spread around the globe, there was a spike in interest worldwide in combating such contagious diseases. When such disasters occur, the central government of South Korea and its affiliated local governments—together with nongovernmental organizations—play a crucial role in crisis management systems.

Objective

The purpose of this paper is to corroborate the characteristics government ministries and domestic and foreign institutions exhibit through their interconnection when the parties are undergoing a disease-related catastrophe such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Using the social network analysis technique, the span of the COVID-19 pandemic was segmented into 3 time frames, and the relational characteristics of the COVID-19 contagious disease response department and related agencies at home and abroad were analyzed based on 3 centralities.

Results

Evidence from the second and third time frames indicates that the agents reacting to contagious diseases do not necessarily hold the central position in the network. From this, it can be inferred that it is not only the primary host that plays a pivotal role but the key to a successful response to various disasters also lies in cooperation with the relevant parties.

Conclusions

The incongruency between the findings of this paper and the existing disaster response system gives rise to the corollary that both the essential parties and the adjoining ones need to collaborate for a coordinated crisis response in disaster situations. Furthermore, much significance lies in the fact that this paper explores the various aspects that could surface among the host and relevant parties in a real-life pandemic.
Developing a Smart Home Technology Innovation for People With Physical and Mental Health Problems: Considerations and Recommendations (Preprint)
Authors: Forchuk Cheryl , Serrato Jonathan , Lizotte Daniel , Mann Rupinder , Taylor Gavin , Husni Sara
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Smart home technologies present an unprecedented opportunity to improve health and health care by providing greater communication and connectivity with services and care providers and by supporting the daily activities of people managing both mental and physical health problems. Based on our experience from conducting smart technology health studies, including a smart home intervention, we provide guidance on developing and implementing such interventions. First, we describe the need for an overarching principle of security and privacy that must be attended to in all aspects of such a project. We then describe 4 key steps in developing a successful smart home innovation for people with mental and physical health conditions. These include (1) setting up the digital infrastructure, (2) ensuring the components of the system communicate, (3) ensuring that the system is designed for the intended population, and (4) engaging stakeholders. Recommendations on how to approach each of these steps are provided along with suggested literature that addresses additional considerations, guidelines, and equipment selection in more depth.
Viewpoint:
Use of an Ingestible Sensor-based Digital Adherence System to Strengthen the Therapeutic Relationship in Serious Mental Illness. (Preprint)
Authors: Richey Annabel , Kovacs Ildiko , Browne Sara
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Serious mental illness (SMI) is a chronic condition that require long term pharmacological treatment. Adherence to oral antipsychotic medication has specific nuances that plague patients and physicians alike. For SMI patients, nonadherence increases their risk of hospitalization and relapse. Nonadherence is a formidable barrier to physicians in accurately assessing medication efficacy and helping a patient achieve their fullest potential. A digital adherence system approved by the FDA can provide near real-time Aripiprazole ingestion information. The system records ingestions through an embedded ingestible sensor in oral Aripiprazole , which sends a transient local signal to a patch worn on the patient’s torso that is then stored on a paired smartphone App. With patient permission this data can be viewed remotely by their physician, along with a patient’s mood, activity, and time spent resting. Such data can: reveal broad patterns of medication adherence behavior to the patient themselves as well as their physician; may help physicians and patients understand and create more realistic expectations for adherence, expanding discussion of treatment options; as well as minimizing therapeutic appointment time devoted to determining actual adherence, thereby maximizing the time available to address each patient’s distinctive reasons for being (non)adherent. Crucially, extra time created during appointments can be used to strengthen the therapeutic relationship, which may translate into both improvement in adherence and patient attitude to their medication. Future investigations are needed to examine how this technology impacts the physician-patient relationship to develop training and provide best practice guidelines for its use. Otherwise potential benefits of this technological advance may be lost, or worse still, inadequate and inappropriate use may harm the therapeutic relationship.
Common Sense, Myth, Ideology, and Socialism: A Short Critical Study
Authors: Flanagan Eugene
Published: April 2022

In this short study, I describe how the ‘public philosophy’ of common sense, ostensibly self-evident and economically/politically disinterestedness practical knowledge, has, on the contrary, functioned mythically and ideologically over the years across four continents. In Europe and the US, from the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, through the decolonisation processes of the twentieth century in Africa and Asia, in the Americas, and through the onset of neo-liberalism in the final quarter of the twentieth century, to the contemporary period, I show how appeals to common sense have served to warrant bourgeois material interests, and the systematic silencing of contrary and socialist voices.
Ira Oscar Glick: At the crossroads of the sociologies of financial markets
Authors: Duterme Tom
Published: April 2022

This review essay looks at the plurality of research conducted today in the sociology of financial markets by examining a pioneering and little-known study - the PhD thesis of Ira Oscar Glick. It is indeed possible to find in this 1957 thesis some insights that are later solidified by several contemporary lines of research in the sociology of financial markets (new economic sociology, science and technology studies, gender studies, Bourdieusian sociology, ethnomethodology, the economics of conventions). This rediscovery of a key author in the history of the field may lead us to reconsider his legacy and delve into a landmark work that potentially still harbors unexplored insights capable of opening up new avenues for research.
Entre a decisão e o conselho:
Authors: Prado Arthur Sodré
Published: April 2022

Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e do exame de acórdãos a respeito da fundamentação no recebimento da denúncia, procurei compreender como o Supremo Tribunal Federal adaptou seus discursos para dar uma resposta homogênea a diferentes formas de regular o juízo de admissibilidade da ação penal. Foi possível constatar que os diferentes esforços regulatórios para impor ônus argumentativos ao controle da viabilidade do processo são, na prática brasileira, ignorados. Quando o Supremo Tribunal Federal é provocado sobre a falta de motivação em um caso concreto, as decisões ora afirmam ser ela recomendável, mas, de acordo com seus precedentes, desnecessária; ora afirmam que um mínimo de fundamentação é necessário, e que expressões vagas e lacônicas cumprem com tal necessidade. O artigo dialoga com pesquisas empíricas recentes a respeito do recebimento da denúncia nos Tribunais Superiores e, especialmente, joga luz a algo que não pode ser naturalizado: as pessoas têm o direito de saber os motivos pelos quais o Poder Judiciário entendeu ser juridicamente válido submetê-las a um processo criminal.
(lack of) consequences of reasonable doubts on the independence of the judiciary system on cooperation in criminal matters in the EU
Authors: Czerniak Dominika
Published: April 2022

The article analyses the consequences of the violation of judicial independence in the cooperation in criminal matters. The right to an independent court is not only a fundamental value in the rule of law (Article 2 TEU, Article 19(1)), but also one of the fundamental rights (Article 47 CFR). Jeopardising the independence of the judiciary in one of the EU countries should have an impact on the possibility of cooperation in criminal matters. Leaving the standard of independence of the judiciary resulting from the ECHR jurisprudence, the article summarises the current jurisprudence of the CJEU concerning the independence of the judiciary and the impartiality of judges at two levels: general (or systemic), and in connection with the operation of the EAW. The article analyses present situation in Poland and recent judgments of the CJEU in “Polish cases” – about the problem of executing the EAW and evaluating the independence of the judiciary system in Poland.
Constitutionalisation of the right to a fair criminal trial as a process inspired by constitutional courts
Authors: Kłopocka-Jasińska Marta
Published: April 2022

The 20th century is sometimes referred to as the century of constitutional courts. Constitutional justice was designed to ensure the protection of the constitution. Supporters of constitutional courts saw in it an opportunity to guarantee the supremacy of the constitution, to protect the individual against arbitrariness and omnipotence of the parliamentary majority. A key moment in this regard was the constitutionalisation of human rights and freedoms. Most of the fundamental rights, including procedural rights relevant to the criminal process, were incorporated into the constitution. This resulted in a rapid development of constitutional jurisprudence, especially in the matter of the right to a fair trial. Regardless of the scope of constitutional regulation, the right to a fair trial has become the most frequently invoked standard of review before the constitutional court. The constitutionalisation of guarantees of a fair criminal trial has become a fact. The article discusses what role constitutional courts play in this process and how they enrich the acquis constitutionnel with standards regarding fairness in criminal proceedings.
Voces de la igualdad y la diferencia en el budismo Soka: el género como paradoja
Authors: Alejo Sciurano Guido , Belén Alquezar Micaela , Melamud Manuel
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo explora los modos en que las/os practicantes del budismo Soka del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires conciben y evalúan el género y la (re)producción de sus estereotipos al interior de la práctica espiritual. Entre 2018 y 2020 se realizaron múltiples entrevistas y observación participante en diversos focos etnográficos, donde encontramos que la organización y dinámicas de la Soka se critican según cómo se evalúen los efectos paradójicos de la igualdad y la diferencia (re)producidos por la institución; existe una tensión entre la afirmación de la igualdad —favorable a la autonomía de las mujeres— y las categorías tradicionales usadas para alcanzarla; se critican las diferencias que reafirman estereotipos de género, pero se valora la contención brindada en espacios exclusivamente femeninos para el abordaje de problemáticas específicas; las diferentes perspectivas que cohabitan entre practicantes sobre los debates de género constituyen otra manifestación del pluralismo dentro de la práctica.
Economía feminista: de la ortodoxia del mercado a la política del asombro
Authors: Flores Garrido Natalia
Published: April 2022

Partiendo de la propuesta de la política del asombro como metodología y práctica feminista, esta se pone en diálogo con los conocimientos situados y la difracción para explicar de qué forma estos planteamientos han abierto la ciencia económica a un análisis más profundo que toma en cuenta las experiencias de las mujeres. Se sugieren tres pistas metodológicas (visibilizar, desnaturalizar, historizar) como herramientas del asombro, y se explica de qué manera se han usado en la economía feminista como una crítica a la corriente de pensamiento neoclásica, y como una forma de imaginar sistemas económicos alternativos.
balanza desigual: los trabajos de las mujeres en tiempos de COVID-19, el caso de Panamá
Authors: Araúz-Reyes Nelva Marissa , Wenham Clare , Rueda Borrero Corina , Meneses Daniela
Published: April 2022

Este artículo parte de la necesidad de responder a la pregunta de cómo vivieron las mujeres los efectos de las medidas sanitarias de confinamiento y de circulación por sexo y cédula, adoptadas en el marco de la COVID-19 en la República de Panamá, sobre todo en materia de los trabajos remunerados y no remunerados. Se utilizó la entrevista a profundidad como herramienta metodológica, que fue aplicada a informantes clave: lideresas de organizaciones de mujeres, sindicales y LGBTI+, funcionarias y funcionarios estatales y de organismos internacionales. Las transcripciones se analizaron con base en la bibliografía académico-feminista y, de manera complementaria, con legislación, informes y datos estadísticos. Fue generalizada la opinión de que el gobierno adoptó medidas que no consideraron la desigualdad de género, lo cual tuvo efectos en las vidas de las mujeres, tales como sobrecarga e invisibilización del trabajo en el hogar y de las mujeres vulnerables, aumento de su carga laboral remunerada, inseguridad e incertidumbre económica.